bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axing ATSIC: Australian Liberalism and the “Government of Unfreedom”
Authors: Watson Virginia 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The Howard Government’s axing of ATSIC has attracted widespread criticism from Indigenous and non-Indigenous people alike, much of it articulated in terms of an argument that we are witnessing a “return to assimilation” in Australian Indigenous affairs. This paper cautions against such a “return to assimilation” analysis of Indigenous policy and administration. Rather, I argue that the changes are more accurately understood in terms of a shifting configuration of “liberal” and “advanced liberal” forms of governance. Both modes of governance (and the forms of political reasoning and technologies of government they manifest) are typically understood as premised on liberal practices of freedom, but the axing of ATSIC is just one example of how they are shown in Australian Indigenous affairs simultaneously to manifest specifically authoritarian liberal practices of “unfreedom”.
Business Cluster Promotion in New Zealand and the Limits of Exemplar Clusters
Authors: Perry Martin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCluster policies have been adopted around the world despite the lack of agreement over how clusters should be identified. Much of the justification relies on an interpretation of exemplar clusters as models for local economic development. This claim overlooks constraints on the ability to replicate exemplar clusters. A review of cluster projects in New Zealand finds six ways that clusters fall short of the ideal: (i) value chain division; (ii) conditions on cooperation; (iii) the need to go national; (iv) facilitator dependence; (v) need for a leader; (vi) missing clusters. These limitations are traced to gaps in the interpretation of exemplar clusters rather than policy imperfections. Hitherto unaddressed policy dilemmas arise when working with the forms of cluster that have been encouraged.
Towards an Integrated Approach? Food Inspection Reforms in Canada and the European Union
Authors: Ugland Trygve , Veggeland Frode 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Policy integration has become a fashionable concept among policy-makers at national and international levels over the last two decades, and both Canada and the European Union have adopted food safety policy integration as a central objective. This comparative study analyses how this objective has played out in the recent reforms of the Canadian and EU food inspection systems. The article argues that similar patterns of integration can be identified along the vertical dimension as a result of the development of stronger policy and program coordination capacities at the centre. In terms of horizontal integration, the EU food inspections system appears more consistent, interdependent, and structurally connected around the overriding food safety objective of protecting the health of the population.
The “Securitisation” of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Feminist Lens
Authors: O’Manique Colleen 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This paper offers an account of how the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is understood as a threat to security, placing the various accounts of the securitisation of AIDS in the context of the human security situation in SSA. The first section examines in a very general way, the context of the “security crisis” of AIDS in Africa. The second part identifies the ways in which the HIV/AIDS pandemic is being “securitised”, and some of the potential implications of emerging security discourses for HIV/AIDS policy on the continent. It closes with an account of some of the more critical human security accounts on HIV/AIDS in SSA and finally, suggests how a critical feminist lens might broaden and deepen these perspectives.
Human Security as “Freedom from Want”: Inequities and Health in South Africa
Authors: MacLean Sandra J 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
It is frequently assumed that people’s health is determined primarily by their access to technically-based disease treatment, the standard of which is decided by national health policies that allocate health services. However, evidence suggests that population health is determined more by social status and gradients than by access to clinical care. Moreover, in the present era, there is concern that economic globalisation is exacerbating inequities within countries, thus contributing to greater human insecurity. This paper examines these issues in the context of South Africa since the end of apartheid. It argues that the ANC government’s attempts to reduce entrenched inequities in the health system and address the broad social determinants of health have been severely constrained by pressures of economic globalisation, which have induced the government to abandon the objectives of its socially-responsive Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in favour of the neoliberal Growth, Employment and Redistribution Programme (GEAR).
Structuring Neoliberal Governance: The Nonprofit Sector, Emerging New Modes of Control and the Marketisation of Service Delivery
Authors: Evans Bryan , Richmond Ted , Shields John 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGovernments in the Anglo-American democracies have restructured their relationships with nonprofit organisations (NPOs). New modes of control have emerged which represent the paradox of centralised decentralisation. We examine the impacts on NPO financing, accountability and human resources. While the experience of Canadian NPOs is used to illustrate the impact of neoliberal induced restructuring, comparative evidence suggests that the Canadian experience is broadly representative. The imposition of neoliberal governance structures on nonprofit service providers serves to compromise their autonomy and advocacy function, while commercialising nonprofit operations and imposing burdens that have strained organisational capacity. The neoliberal model of market-based regulation has moved many nonprofit service organisations away from their community oriented focus and towards a “business model”. In various forms, the state has introduced quasi-markets or, at a minimum, required NPO’s to engage in more competitive practices with negative consequences for nonprofit mission, culture and labour-management practices. The result is a growing level of instability within the sector.
Indigenous Nationhood Claims and Contemporary Federalism in Canada and the United States
Authors: Steinman Erich 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVibrant indigenous communities have not only survived in both the United States and Canada but have recently been advancing a variety of renewed political claims. Central among them are claims to nationhood status and treatment as sovereign governments rather than as racial or ethnic minority groups. While initially following parallel trajectories, these respective efforts have produced surprising and divergent results to date. Although the acceptance of robust indigenous self-government is much more a feature of Canadian public discourse, and robust aboriginal self-government has been affirmed in a few unique but high-profile cases, federally-recognised tribal governments in the United States in general exercise more substantive governmental powers. This article addresses this puzzle and attempts to explain the observed respective changes in terms of both the political status of indigenous groups and federalist political structures. Utilising a comparative approach closely examining the two cases regarding a number of key factors, the analysis presented here identifies the source of the divergence in “Policy feedback” from three historical differences between the two post-colonial nations. Prior actions regarding recognition of inherent indigenous sovereignty, the forced breakup of tribal lands, and ties to the British Crown shaped the political channels through which tribal nationhood claims were promoted in the present. Contingently rather than deterministically, these political channels led to the distinctive outcomes in each nation.
Europeanisation and Environmental Policy Change
Authors: Ladi Stella 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Environmental policy is one of the most regulated and one of the most Europeanised policy areas. This article analyses the concept of Europeanisation, discusses its mechanisms, the mediating factors that lead to change and its possible outcomes. It explores the relationship of specific mechanisms and mediating factors to policy convergence, inertia and divergence. The particularities of environmental policy are presented and a distinction between substantive and procedural policies is made. It is argued that a tendency to convergence of national environmental policies that goes beyond the borders of the EU and further than the “hard” mechanisms of Europeanisation can be observed.
A (Slow) Burning Issue: Convergence in National Regulation of Dioxins from Incineration
Authors: Weibust Inger 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSince the 1980s, industrialised countries have shown substantial convergence in their regulation of dioxin from municipal solid waste incineration. Despite significant convergence in emissions limits, countries vary substantially in their timing, with some acting much sooner than others. What explains the observed convergence? New scientific information is an important permissive condition for convergence. The findings are most consistent with a mechanism of transnational communication, although independent problem solving cannot be ruled out. The actions of international NGOs do not appear to be significant in explaining the outcome. European Union directives and international agreements did not lead on this issue, although they have pushed the laggards to act. What explains the variation in timing across countries? Patterns of adoption are not explained by levels of dioxin exposure, as those countries with higher reliance on incineration and greater exposures tended to regulate later than others. Domestic political factors account for delayed responses in laggards.
Examining Influences of EU Policy on Instrument Choice: The Selection of a Green Certificate Trading Scheme in Sweden
Authors: Åstrand Kerstin 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This paper explores the circumstances of the Swedish selection of an obligatory green certificate trading scheme over other policy instruments. The choice of policy instruments in the energy policy area is bound to the international context and in Europe to the European Union (EU). The aim of this paper is to examine the relative influences of European policies on the selection of certificate trading for stimulation of renewable electricity production. The paper turns to the ideas of Europeanisation to analyse influences from European policy on domestic instrument choice process. The empirical findings confirm the Europeanisation theories which suggest that European policies can affect domestic policy changes despite lack of prescribed measures. The study shows that the EU guidelines on state aid invoked a need to change support scheme, together with domestic factors: a programme coming to an end, a policy commitment to increase the share of new, renewable electricity production and budget restrictions. EU policies strengthened existing preferences for a market-based support scheme and influenced the dominant actors’ expectations about the future, providing additional justification of their instrument preferences. On the whole, this paper illustrates how the notion in economic theory to make use of the market for resource management has proliferated strongly in Swedish energy policy making.
How Should We Theorise Public Policy? Problem Solving and Problematicity
Authors: Turnbull Nick 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe concept of policy problem informs the scholarly study of policymaking as well as policy practice. But the problem solving theory of policymaking has many conceptual shortcomings. The problem solving concept is flawed because it defines complex problems univocally, obscuring differences of opinion; focuses on problem solving at the expense of problem setting; and represents the policy process scientifically to disguise and/or suppress the contingent nature of political reasoning. The propositional basis of theories of the policy process excludes problematicity and produces a fragmented theory which misrepresents the political nature of policymaking. By building upon an epistemology of questioning we can address these shortcomings by revising and expanding the problem concept in policy theory. Such a conception implies that policy studies is not distinctive because it is applied and should therefore be integrated with political theory.
Metaphor, Catachresis and Equivalence: The Rhetoric of Freedom to Fly in the Struggle over Aviation Policy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Howarth David , Griggs Steven 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This article investigates the dynamics of current aviation policy in Britain by examining the consultation process surrounding the New Labour government's 2003 strategic plan to expand airport capacity in the UK. It examines the way in which the Freedom to Fly coalition structured the terrain of public reasoning and debate so as to negate or at least contain those voices that challenged the Labour government's desire for expansion. The article draws upon recent developments in post-Marxist discourse theory to examine the rhetorical strategies and mechanisms by which organic intellectuals welded together a diverse range of pro-expansion interests, thus securing agreement that the demand for growth ought to be the overriding demand to be defended in the policy and public domains. In so doing, the article examines three rhetorical logics – those of rhetorical redescription, catachresis and equivalence – showing how these informed the new and successfuldiscourse of aviation expansion.
“Every Virus Tells a Story”: Toward a Narrative-Centred Approach to Health Policy
Authors: Orsini Michael , Scala Francesca 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCombining insights from narrative inquiry and participatory policy analysis, this article analyses the “illness narratives” of people with hepatitis C, a blood-borne liver disease that affects millions of people around the world. In particular, we explore how a narrative-based approach to health politics and policy can illuminate our understanding of the social dimensions of health and illness. In incorporating the “experiential” knowledge of people living with this chronic condition, we seek to challenge the dominant approach of Evidence Based Medicine, in which randomised controlled trials operate as the Gold Standard against which all other forms of evidence are judged. Narrative approaches can be particularly useful, we argue, when examining newly emerging illnesses that are only beginning to receive public attention. Moreover, in the case of chronic illnesses such as hepatitis C, which can be relatively invisible in a public and media landscape dominated by diseases with dramatic, “punchy” storylines, rendering an illness “narratable” may be an important task of the policy analyst.
Techno-bureaucratic Doxa and Challenges for Deliberative Governance: The Case of Community Forestry Policy and Practice in Nepal
Authors: Ojha Hemant R 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Despite repeated pleas for participatory and deliberative governance of environmental resources, there is still a predominance of technocratic values in environmental decision-making. This is especially true in the context of forest management in the Global South where centralised and technically-oriented colonial approaches of the past continue to be reproduced and exclude affected people to have their say and share in forest related decision-making and benefit distribution. Taking a case study from Nepal's Community Forestry Program, this paper shows that despite major shifts towards practices of participatory forestry, the technocratic domination of forest science in governance has taken new and more subtle forms (considered “doxa” – taken for granted forms – after Bourdieu) of control over forestry practices. In this paper, techno-bureaucratic doxa is problematised as a key challenge to deliberative governance, and specific ways are illustrated through which it constrains deliberation in forest governance. Emerging moments of crisis in this doxa are also identified to explore possibilities for greater citizen-public official deliberation in forest governance.
Social Economy Policies as Flanking for Neoliberalism: Transnational Policy Solutions, Emergent Contradictions, Local Alternatives
Authors: Graefe Peter 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
While early assessments of neoliberalism stressed its destructiveness, more recent analyses have begun to consider and assess how its consolidation has involved the creation of new institutions and governmentalities to stabilise emergent contradictions and instabilities. This article traces how the social economy has been positioned in the OECD's public policy discourse as a flanking mechanism, and especially the friction in these policy proposals between an “entrepreneurial” vision that attempts to extend market relations and the social capital/social cohesion vision of meeting unmet needs and promoting participation in voluntary organisations. The tension between the entrepreneurial and social capital visions is a recurrent theme in the national case studies canvassed here, with the former frequently crowding out the latter. The article concludes by looking at how the women's movement in Québec, Canada, has attempted to exploit this tension to push policies beyond neoliberalism.
Korupsi dan Disintegrasi in Indonesia since Suharto
Authors: King Peter 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This article argues that Indonesia since reformasi remains subject to powerful tendencies for disintegrasi – both province-based “separatism” and general socio-political decay. These tendencies are greatly aggravated by the failure of democratically elected presidents and parliaments to effectively tackle endemic corruption or reform the armed forces, which continue to enjoy near-total immunity as a major practitioner, guarantor and enforcer of corrupt business practice and extortion. The article notes the activism of civil society and liberal media on the corruption issue and the commendable new array of anti-corruption institutions. But it argues that reform efforts have been virtually nullified by broad collusion of Indonesia's political, bureaucratic, military and business elites in sustaining – but also “democratising” and decentralising – the system of corruption inherited from Suharto. Change must await new social and political struggles initiated outside the parliamentary arena which itself has become a major source of KKN (Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme).
Ten Questions about East Timor for which we need Answers
Authors: Tanter Richard 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Determining the social, political and economic basis of the outbreak of violence in Timor during early 2006 leads to questions about the nature and form of that conflict itself and its implications for Australian security policy. Until questions about the nature of recent political dynamics in East Timor and the intersection of patronage politics, foreign linkages and the possible manipulation of regional identity are determined, we cannot be sure of the kind of conflict the Timorese and those who would help them at risk of their lives are facing.
Discursive Contest between Liberal and Literal Islam in Southeast Asia
Authors: Zubaidah Rahim Lily 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The paper focuses on the impact of global Islamic revivalism and state Islamisation initiatives on the cultural practices, institutions and laws in Southeast Asia's Muslim majority states of Malaysia and Indonesia. In particular, the assault on adat and the reconfiguration of legal and political structures with the intrusion of Wahabi-inspired literal Islam from West Asia are considered. As the discursive contest between literal and liberal or progressive Islam will have a major impact on the direction and outcome of the protracted War on Terror, it is imperative that the discursive advances of the former are countered by reinforcing democratic structures and institutions and addressing localised sociopolitical and economic grievances. In the long term, liberal Islam's inclusive and flexible worldview based on ijtihad and universal humanism are likely to prove more effective than the reliance on draconian security-orientated measures in the protracted War on Terror.
Contested Narratives, Ambiguous Impacts and Democratic Dilemmas: The Western News Media and the “War on Terror”
Authors: Tiffen Rodney 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Because the essence of terrorism is to produce a psychological impact far greater than its physical impact, the relationship of contemporary international terrorism with the news media has often been called symbiotic, with publicity described as the oxygen on which terrorism lives. Although this view is in many respects true, it over-simplifies a more ambiguous, varied and complex reality, and in any case, the policy options open to Western democratic governments in limiting this ‘oxygen’ are very limited both normatively and pragmatically. Equally important, but attracting much less scholarly and popular attention, is the news media's role in the problematic politics of counterterrorism. Here the attraction of heroic narratives to both media and governments – for their own different reasons – creates coincidences of interest. Powerful metaphors such as the war on terror encourage strategies which may be substantially ineffective, perhaps even counter-productive, while politically benefiting the governments adopting them.
Imagining the Past: Memory Wars in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Kiichi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which Japanese nationalism is undergoing a shift from civic nationalism, based on separation of state and society, to a more organic statist nationalism, where state and society merge. It asserts that the “new nationalists” are engaged in a symbolic process of reconnecting the present to the past and by doing so, defending the nation's integrity
Caught in a Staples Vise: The Political Economy of Canadian Aquaculture
Authors: Rayner Jeremy , Howlett Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAquaculture in Canada is a small, rapidly-growing high-technology resource sector “caught in a staples vise”. On the one hand it is an archetypal case of a new “post-staples” resource industry: combining high capital intensity and sophisticated technology to produce a new, post-staples, version of a classic staple resource – food fish. On the other, it perpetuates many of the same social and economic problems and issues that plagued traditional staples political economies: namely a hinterland location and heavy export reliance. And, as is the case with most intensively farmed technologically- intensive foodstuffs its rise and rivalry with the wild fishery is intense and conflictridden, with much distrust and debate a feature of contemporary aquacultural expansion. This article assesses these contradictory and sometimes conflicting developments in a resource industry for the most part situated in a very uneven transition towards a post-staples political economy.