bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the distribution of subsidence in the hurricane eye
Authors: Schubert Wayne H. , Rozoff Christopher M. , Vigh Jonathan L. , McNoldy Brian D. , Kossin James P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo hurricane eye features that have yet to be adequately explained are the clear‐air moat that forms at the outer edge of the eye and the hub cloud that forms near the circulation centre. To investigate whether these features can be explained by the spatial distribution of the subsidence field, we have derived an analytical solution of the Sawyer–Eliassen transverse circulation equation for a three‐region approximation with an unforced central eye region of intermediate or high inertial stability, a diabatically‐forced eyewall region of high inertial stability, and an unforced far‐field of low inertial stability. This analytical solution isolates the conditions under which the subsidence is concentrated near the edge of the eye. The crucial parameter is the dimensionless dynamical radius of the eye, defined as the physical radius of the eye divided by the characteristic Rossby length in the eye. When this dimensionless dynamical radius is less than 0.6, there is less than 10% horizontal variation in the subsidence rate across the eye; when it is greater than 1.8, the subsidence rate at the edge of the eye is more than twice as strong as at the centre of the eye. When subsidence is concentrated at the edge of the eye, the largest temperature anomalies occur near there rather than at the vortex centre. This warm‐ring structure, as opposed to a warm‐core structure, is often observed in the lower troposphere of intense hurricanes. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Investigation of a sea breeze front in an urban environment
Authors: Thompson William T. , Holt Teddy , Pullen Julie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe dynamics of a sea breeze front interacting with the heavily urbanized New York City area are examined. In addition, we investigate the impact of the urban‐influenced sea breeze front on transport and diffusion of simulated passive tracer plumes. We employ the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS®—a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory) to perform a nested simulation with data assimilation for the sea breeze event of 9 August 2004. Available surface and upper‐air observations are used to validate the simulation. We also perform a sensitivity study in which the urban influence is removed (no‐urban).The sea breeze front has characteristics of a density current, including an elevated head at the leading edge. The density current moves slowly and unevenly across the city. Kelvin–Helmholtz billows form in the region of the density current head, and the results show evidence of the occurrence of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI). The density current head is greatly elevated owing to the enhanced surface drag of the urban area. This urban influence is further explored in the no‐urban simulation, in which the head of the density current is not elevated to the same degree and KHI does not occur.The sea breeze/density current has a large impact on transport and diffusion of simulated tracer plumes, not only changing the direction of plume motion due to the wind shift but also redistributing tracer material in the vertical so as to produce dramatic, rapid changes in near‐surface concentration as the front passes. In particular, large upward vertical velocity at the head of the density current advects tracer material to large elevations, greatly reducing near‐surface concentration. After passage of the front, tracer is released into the shallow density current and confined near the surface, enhancing near‐surface concentrations. KHI results in turbulent mixing at the upper surface of the plume, allowing for a small reduction in near‐surface concentration. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducing cloud microphysical and irradiance measurements using three 3D cloud generators
Authors: Schmidt K. Sebastian , Venema Victor , Giuseppe Francesca Di , Scheirer Ronald , Wendisch Manfred , Pilewskie Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUsing three cloud generators, three‐dimensional (3D) cloud fields are reproduced from microphysical cloud data measured in situ by aircraft. The generated cloud fields are used as input to a 3D radiative transfer model to calculate the corresponding fields of downward and upward irradiance, which are then compared with airborne and ground‐based radiation measurements. One overcast stratocumulus scene and one broken cumulus scene were selected from the European INSPECTRO field experiment, which was held in Norwich, UK, in September 2002. With these data, the characteristics of the three different cloud reproduction techniques are assessed. Besides vertical profiles and histograms of measured and modelled liquid water content and irradiance, the horizontal structure of these quantities is examined in terms of power spectra and autocorrelation lengths. 3D radiative transfer calculations are compared with the independent pixel approximation, and their differences with respect to domain‐averaged quantities and 3D fields are interpreted. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
An integrated package for subgrid convection, clouds and precipitation compatible with meso‐gamma scales
Authors: Gerard L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe integration into a coherent package of the main ‘moist’ parametrizations—deep convection, resolved condensation, and microphysics—of a limited‐area model is presented. The development of the package is aimed at solving efficiently the problem of combining ‘resolved’ and ‘subgrid’ condensation at all resolutions, in particular in the range between 10 km and 2 km where deep convection is partly resolved, partly subgrid. The different schemes of the package are called in cascade, with intermediate updating of internal variables, so that, for instance, the initial profiles passed to the deep‐convection scheme are already balanced with respect to resolved condensation effects. Further on, the clean separation of the contributions to the closure of the updraught and downdraught from the initial vertical profile from which they evolve prevents double counting. The convective parametrization works with a prognostic mass‐flux scheme, and acts on the resolved variables through condensation and convective transport. It detrains condensates that are added to the prognostic resolved condensates. A sensitivity study in a single‐column model, and further validation in three‐dimensional experiments at different resolutions, are presented. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The properties of sensitive area predictions based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)
Authors: Petersen G. N. , Majumdar S. J. , Thorpe A. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe spatial characteristics of ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) sensitive area predictions (SAPs) are explored using ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts for the period of the 2003 North Atlantic THORPEX Regional Campaign. The ensemble size necessary for a robust sensitive area prediction is found to be surprisingly small: a 10‐member ensemble is capable of replicating approximately the same sensitive area structure as a 50‐member ensemble. This result is corroborated by the fact that the leading eigenvector of the ensemble perturbations explains over 70% of the ensemble variance and possesses a nearly identical spatial structure regardless of the ensemble size. The structures of the SAPs were found to vary with the lead‐time between the ensemble initialization and the adaptive observing time, indicating the necessity of using as recent an ensemble as possible in ensemble‐based sensitive area predictions. The ETKF SAPs exhibit similar structures at different levels in the atmosphere and there is no indication of a vertical tilt. A relationship is found between the SAPs and the zonal wind, horizontal temperature gradient and the Eady index, indicating that the ETKF identifies regions with significant gradients in the mass‐momentum field as regions of large initial error or large error growth. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The new ECMWF VAREPS (Variable Resolution Ensemble Prediction System)
Authors: Buizza Roberto , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Wedi Nils , Fuentes Manuel , Hamrud Mats , Holt Graham , Vitart Frederic 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Variable Resolution Ensemble Prediction System (VAREPS) is a system designed to provide skilful predictions of small‐scale, severe‐weather events in the early forecast range, and accurate large‐scale forecast guidance in the extended forecast range (say beyond forecast day 7). In this work, first the rationale behind VAREPS is presented, and then the performance of VAREPS with a truncation at forecast day 7, i.e. TL399L40(d0–7) and TL255L40(d7–15), is discussed and compared to the performance of two constant resolution systems, a TL255L40 and a TL319L40 (this latter one requires similar computing resources to VAREPS).Average results based on up to 111 cases indicate that VAREPS has a higher forecast‐time‐integrated skill, and it provides better forecasts in the early forecast range without losing accuracy in the long forecast range. In the early forecast range, the differences in forecast performance can be very large and responsible for substantial improvements in the prediction of weather variables such as surface wind, significant wave height and total precipitation, as was shown in two case‐studies. Average results have also shown that the VAREPS extension to 15 days (the old EPS system was run operationally only up to forecast day 10) will provide users with some skilful extended‐range forecasts. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantitative surface analysis of FeNi alloy films by XPS, AES and SIMS
Authors: Kim K. J. , Moon D. W. , Park C. J. , Simons D. , Gillen G. , Jin H. , Kang H. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA comparison of quantitative surface analyses of FeNi alloy thin films by various methods has been proposed as a pilot study by the Surface Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). To test the suitability of FeNi for this purpose, alloy films with different compositions were grown on Si(100) wafers by ion‐beam sputter deposition and the compositions were certified by an isotope dilution method using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The alloy compositions measured with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) using sensitivity factors determined from pure Fe and Ni metal films agreed with the certified mean values to better than 2%. The alloy compositions quantified by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with a C60 ion source agreed to better than 4% with the certified compositions if one of the alloys was used to establish the relative sensitivity factors (RSFs). These results indicate that the quantification of the FeNi alloy is a good method for a CCQM pilot study because matrix effects and ion‐sputtering effects are small for these analytical methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Nanostructured Surfaces Generated by Reconstitution of the Porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Wörner Michael , Lioubashevski Oleg , Basel Matthew T. , Niebler Sandra , Gogritchiani Eliso , Egner Nicole , Heinz Christian , Hoferer Jürgen , Cipolloni Michela , Janik Katharine , Katz Evgeny , Braun Andre M. , Willner Itamar , Niederweis Michael , Bossmann Stefan H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNanostructures with long‐term stability at the surface of gold electrodes are generated by reconstituting the porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis into a specially designed monolayer of long‐chain lipid surfactant on gold. Tailored surface coverage of gold electrodes with long‐chain surfactants is achieved by electrochemically assisted deposition of organic thiosulfates (Bunte salts). The subsequent reconstitution of the octameric‐pore MspA is guided by its extraordinary self‐assembling properties. Importantly, electrochemical reduction of copper(II) yields copper nanoparticles within the MspA nanopores. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, reflection electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that: 1) the MspA pores within the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) are monodisperse and electrochemically active, 2) MspA reconstitutes in SAMs and with a 10‐nm thickness, 3) AFM is a suitable method to detect pores within SAMs, and 4) the electrochemical reduction of Cu2+ to Cu0 under overpotential conditions starts within the MspA pores.
Conditional release: Court‐ordered outpatient treatment for insanity acquittees
Authors: Stafford Kathleen P , Karpawich James J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExperience with involuntary outpatient treatment of individuals conditionally released to the community after a finding of not guilty by reason of insanity provides insight into the involuntavy treatment of all mental health clients, particularly those considered to be high risk.
A competency‐based approach to court‐ordered outpatient treatment
Authors: Geller Jeffrey L. , McDermeit Melissa , Grudzinskas Albert J. , Lawlor Ted , Fisher William H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA quasi‐experimental study of involuntary outpatient treatment in Massachusetts is described and analyzed. Results indicate decreased hospital use by the involuntarily treated outpatients, which may or may not be due to the involuntary intervention itself.
A harmony in three parts: Utopian treatment for schizophrenia
Authors: Estroff Sue E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIf help were provided early; if professionals were well trained, knowledgeable, and made the right referrals; if insurance paid for the help that is needed; if people with mental illness had a quiet, safe, gentle place to regroup when they were in crisis… how different the outcomes of mental health services would be.
Integrating mental health into the Oregon Health Plan
Authors: Penner Norman R. , Lynch Frances L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPublic mental health has long struggled to be accepted as a part of health care. Its interface with social services and its broad spectrum of professionals make a clear definition of public mental health's boundaries difficult, fueling policymakers' skepticism about such acceptance. The Oregon Health Plan was the result of a process that explicitly included mental health but recognized that the tools for doing so need to be carefully developed.
Some further thoughts on adjustment, coping, and bereavement
Authors: Wimmer Dottie Ward , Hackler Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAdjusting to and coping with HIV‐AIDS is a difficult task. This chapter describes some of the issues surrounding being diagnosed HIV positive, living with HIV, and progressing to AIDS. It also explores bereavement reactions that relatives and friends can experience in dealing with illness and death due to HIV.
On giving up on the mental health system
Authors: Johnson Dale L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter describes how the author; who at the time was a practicing psychologist, became personally involved in advocacy for persons with mental illness. He also gives an overview of the activities of several organizations that are, or should be, advocating for this vulnerable population. He describes several specific programs that he sees as exemplary. Finally, the author argues for an approach for improving care, which he feels family and consumer advocates can be particularly effective in implementing.
Zur Stabilität von Folgereglern mit nichtlinearer Beziehung zwischen Führungsgröße und Regelgröße
Authors: Pfeiffer Alfred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird eine allgemeine Bedingung formuliert und eine Vorschrift zur Bildung des Fehlersignals gegeben, bei deren Einhaltung Folgeregler mit nahezu beliebiger nichtlinearer Beziehung zwischen Führungsgröße und Regelgröße eine im ganzen Arbeitsbereich gleichmäßige Stabilität erhalten. Ferner wird eine vergleichsweise einfache Berechnungsmethode für die Reaktion des Reglers auf Änderungen der Führungsgröße von beliebiger endlicher Amplitude angegeben.
Fehlerabschätzung für das Ritz‐Galerkinsche Verfahren bei Eigenwertproblemen
Authors: Bertram G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAuswertung und Verbesserung der im I. Teil der Arbeit gewonnenen unteren Eigenwertschranken beim Ritz‐Galerkinschen Verfahren für spezielle Klassen gewöhnlicher Eigenwertprobleme. Numerische Beispiele.
Numerisch stabile Interpolationsformeln mit günstiger Fehlerfortpflanzung für Differentialgleichungen erster und zweiter Ordnung
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür Differentialgleichungen erster und zweiter Ordnung wird ein die Fehlerfortpflanzung charakterisierender Parameter angegeben. Es werden numerisch stabile Interpolationsformeln günstigster Fehlerfortpflanzung für eine verschiedene Anzahl von rückwärtigen Stützstellen mitgeteilt.
Integration von Anfangsrandwertaufgaben mit dem Trefftzschen Verfahren
Authors: Kneschke A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird das einer linearen inhomogenen Anfangsrandwertaufgabe äquivalente Variationsproblem aufgestellt, für das die variierten Funktionen außer den Differenzierbarkeitseigenschaften keine weiteren Bedingungen an der Oberfläche des Integrationsbereiches und zur Anfangszeit t = 0 zu erfüllen brauchen. Die Integration wird mittels des Verfahrens der partikulären Lösungen von E. Trefftz durchgeführt und am Beispiel der transversal schwingenden, elastisch gelagerten Saite erläutert.
Wärmespannungen bei zufallsabhängiger Oberflächentemperatur
Authors: Parkus H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür den elastischen und linear viskoelastischen Körper, dessen Oberflächentemperatur zufallsabhängig ist, werden mit Hilfe der Laplacetransformation einige grundsätzliche Beziehungen hergeleitet. Anwendungen auf den Halbraum und auf den unendlich langen Kreiszylinder werden gegeben.
Unendliche Scheiben mit Loch
Authors: Weber C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs werden unendliche Scheiben mit einem Loch von verschiedener Gestalt bei allseitigem Zug oder bei „Wechselspannung”︁ (s. III) im Unendlichen behandelt. Von N. J. Muskhelishvili stammt ein ausgezeichnetes Verfahren, das unter anderem zur Lösung dieser Probleme verwandt werden kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Berechnung nach diesem Verfahren vereinfacht.
Zur Fehlerfortpflanzung einiger Interpolationsformeln für Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür Interpolationsformeln zur numerischen Integration von y″  f(x,y) werden einfache Extrapolationsformeln zur laufenden Ermittlung des fortgepflanzten Abbruchfehlers angegeben. Für die Interpolationsformeln von Milne und Gauß wird die Brauchbarkeit dieser Fehlerformeln durch Beispiele belegt.Die Fehlerformeln werden auf Interpolationsformeln für y″  f(x,y,y′) ausgedehnt. Die Interpolationsformeln von Milne und Gauß werden durch neue Formeln für y′ so ergänzt, daß die kombinierten Formeln für die Integration von y″  f(x,y,y′) den gleichen günstigen Fehlerparameter E besitzen wie die ersteren Formeln für y″  f(x,y). Beispiele illustrieren die Genauigkeit der Fehlerformeln auch für diese neuen Interpolationsformeln.
Shock Waves and Abel's Differential Equation
Authors: Manz Bruno 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt ist shown that the ordinary non‐linear second order differential equation of the phenomenological theory of the one‐dimensional steady shock wave in heat conducting viscous gases can be transformed into the Abelian differential equation of the second class. Among the known special solutions of Abel's equation is one applicable to the shock wave and leads to a hitherto unknown closed form solution.
Die elastische Biegung des Balkens bei großer Verformung
Authors: Vocke Wolfgang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDer elastisch stark verformte Balken führt bei Berücksichtigung der Querschnittsänderung infolge Zug, Biegung und Querkraft auf eine Differntialgleichung der elastischen Linie, die im allgemeinen nicht in geschlossener Form lösbar ist. Indem man jeweils die ersten Glieder der Querschnittsänderung berücksichtigt, lassen sich Beispiele zeigen, die auf geschlossene Lösungen führen.
On the Asymptotic Behaviour of Solutions of a Differential Equation in Boundary Layer Theory
Authors: Hartman Philip 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe asymptotic behavior, as t → ∞, of solutions of the singular boundary value problem u′′ + u u′ + λ (1 − u′2) = 0, u′ (0) = α, u′ (0) = β and u′ (∞) = 1, subject to 0 < u′(t) < 1 for 0 < t < ∞, is discussed. It is shown that if λ ≥ 0 and if the solution u exists, then (1)
equation image
.If λ < 0 and if a solution exists, then there is a unique one satisfying (1) while the other (if any) satisfy (2)
equation image
.
Die zweite harmonische Näherung für Differentialgleichungen höherer Ordnung mit einer kubischen Nichtlinearität
Authors: Sagirow P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür Differentialgleichungen beliebiger endlicher Ordnung mit kubischer Nichtlinearität wird ohne zusätzliche Vernachlässigungen eine zweite harmonische Näherung der periodischen Lösung bestimmt. Für Differentialgleichungen dritter Ordnung wird ein Diagramm angegeben, dem man die Frequenz in zweiter Näherung entnehmen kann.
Optimale Fehlerschranken für die Quadraturformel von Gregory
Authors: Martensen E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBei der üblichen Herleitung der Quadraturformel von Gregory aus der Euler‐MacLaurinschen Summenformel entsteht ein verhältnismäßig kompliziertes und daher für die Praxis unbequemes Restglied. Hier werden Restglieddarstellungen angegeben, die nicht nur von einfacherer Bauart sind, sondern vor allem die bisherigen Fehlerschranken zu verbessern gestatten. Für den Fall, daß die letzte berücksichtigte Differenz von gerader Ordnung ist, wird ferner gezeigt, daß eine weitere Verbesserung nicht mehr möglich ist; im Falle ungerade Ordnung gilt dies für den wesentlichen, d. h. schwächer mit der Schrittweite gegen Null konvergierenden Teil der Restgliedabschätzung.
Funktionentheoretische Behandlung von Randwertaufgaben bei partiellen linearen Differentialgleichungen vierter Ordnung
Authors: Wenzel Horst 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Lösungen der zur vorliegenden partiellen Differentialgleichung mit konstanten Koeffizienten gehörenden charakteristischen Gleichung werden in geschlossener Form als Funktion der Lage der Orthotropie bestimmt. Dies ist Anlaß zu zwei affinen Abbildungen, die das ursprüngliche Rechteckinnere jeweils in das Innere eines Parallelogramms überführen, das seinerseits umkehrbar eindeutig und konform auf das Innere des Einheitskreises abgebildet wird. Die hierdurch induzierte Randabbildung der erhaltenen beiden Kreise aufeinander regelt die Koppelung der Randbedingungen zweier holomorpher Funktionen, die das Randwert‐problem lösen und durch Potenzreihenentwicklungen in den Kreisen bestimmt werden können.