bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thermo-mechanical model of the thermal evolution and incorporation of metamorphic soles in Tethyan ophiolites: a case study from Oman
Authors: Ibragimov Iskander , Kiss Daniel , Moulas Evangelos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ophiolites are remnants of oceanic crust and mantle, now typically found within continental mountain ranges like the Alps. Particularly in areas once part of the Tethys Ocean, ophiolites are often accompanied by narrow stripes of metamorphic rocks, commonly referred to as metamorphic soles. These metamorphic soles typically exhibit peak metamorphic conditions characteristic of either granulite or amphibolite facies. Geochronological studies of Tethyan ophiolites indicate that the development of these metamorphic soles occurred almost simultaneously with the crystallization of the ophiolite’s crustal sequence. Geological evidence also suggests that the metamorphism of the sole rocks took place concurrently with deformation, likely at the same time as the ophiolite’s obduction. In our research, we explore the metamorphic effects of shearing in an ophiolite sequence overlying a crustal sequence. Our findings reveal that strong lithologies like ophiolites can produce additional heat through the dissipation of mechanical energy, which can potentially explain the high temperatures found in metamorphic-sole rocks. In addition, heating-driven softening of the footwall rocks eventually leads to the migration of the active shear zone from the mantle sequence into the upper crustal domain. This migration may be responsible for the metamorphic sole incorporation at the base of the ophiolite. Finally, we demonstrate that stopping the shearing process rapidly cools these rocks, corresponding with the findings from thermochronological studies from Oman ophiolite.
Microtremor Full-Wavefield Modeling of Effective Phase Velocity and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio at Kyoto Reference Borehole Site: Comparison with Surface-Wavefield Modeling Based on a Velocity Structure with a Cap Layer
Authors: Uebayashi Hirotoshi , Arai Hiroshi , Cho Ikuo , Yoshida Kunikazu , Ohori Michihiro , Yamada Koji 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Two types of data commonly used for microtremor exploration are phase-velocity dispersion curves obtained through an array measurement and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) obtainable by a single-station measurement. Phase-velocity dispersion curves obtained by applying the spatial autocorrelation method to the array waveforms have a characteristic peaked shape in some cases. This dispersion curve shape has traditionally been explained as a consequence of the predominance of higher modes over fundamental mode in the Rayleigh waves. In this study, the effects of body waves on phase velocities and HVSRs were investigated based on both field measurements and theoretical calculations of microtremors. We used vertical-component array waveforms and single-station three-component waveforms of microtremors, obtained at and around a site where combined P-wave–S-wave (PS) and density loggings were conducted in the Kyoto basin, Japan (site KD-1), to identify phase velocities and HVSRs at frequencies in the range 0.2–2 Hz. The corresponding theoretical phase velocities and HVSRs were identified using full-wavefield synthetic data, which were generated assuming excitation points randomly distributed over the surface of a horizontally stratified velocity structure model created based on the logging data. The following key results were obtained. The measured phase-velocity dispersion curve exhibits a peaked shape with the value exceeding the S-wave velocity of the Tamba Group (Tb-Group), which is the bedrock (half-space) of the velocity structure model. Theoretical calculations based on the surface-wavefield theory were unable to reproduce this peaked shape; however, theoretical calculations based on the full-wavefield theory reproduced it with extraordinary accuracy. To reproduce the peaked shape based on the surface-wavefield theory, it was necessary to construct a model containing a cap (i.e., high-velocity layer) connected under the Tb-Group. The theoretical calculation based on the full wavefield also accurately reproduced the peak value and peak frequency of the measured HVSRs.
The Generalized Long-Term Fault Memory Model and Applications to Paleoseismic Records
Authors: Neely James S. , Salditch Leah , Spencer Bruce D. , Stein Seth 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Paleoseismic studies show large variability in earthquake interevent times along a fault, with short intervals often separated by long quiescent periods. Some paleoseismologists have interpreted this variability as a product of an earthquake’s partial strain release with the next earthquake occurring sooner than expected because of the remaining residual strain. However, commonly used probabilistic large earthquake recurrence models attribute this variability purely to chance, not the state of strain on the fault. Here, we present an alternative probabilistic model, built on the long-term fault memory model framework that better reflects the strain accumulation and release process. This generalized long-term fault memory model (GLTFM) predicts that this interevent time variability arises from both chance and the state of strain on the fault. Specifically, it estimates when residual strain is likely present and its impact on the timing of the next earthquake in the sequence. In addition, GLTFM assumes that additional accumulated strain always increases earthquake probability. In contrast, the commonly used lognormal and Brownian passage time models predict that the probability of a large earthquake stays constant or even decreases after it is “overdue” (past the observed average recurrence interval) so additional accumulated strain does not make an earthquake more likely. GLTFM’s simple implementation and versatility should make it a powerful tool in earthquake forecasting.
Community policing and urban safety: reinventing security in city centers
Authors: Kiełek Kamil 
Published: March 2024

Research objective: The purpose of the study is to delve into community policing and the revolutionary changes it has brought about in terms of city centre security and safety. This research looks at how partnerships and problem-solving tactics help decrease crime and disruption in public spaces by analysing how this philosophy is integrated into police agencies.
Methodology: This research synthesises results from current community policing approaches by drawing on a comprehensive literature review and case studies. It lays forth the efficacy of these tactics in varied urban contexts using theoretical and empirical data.
Main conclusions: The research uncovers significant insights into how community policing fosters a collaborative relationship between law enforcement and community members, leading to improved safety and a reduction in crime. The study identifies key factors such as trust-building, proactive problem-solving, and community engagement as vital elements of successful community policing.
Application of the study: The implications of this study are far-reaching for policy-makers, urban planners, and law enforcement agencies seeking to reinvent the approach to security in city centers. The results provide a structure for applying community policing tactics that can be adjusted to various urban environments, highlighting the significance of community engagement in establishing secure public areas.
Originality/Novelty of the Study: This research contributes to the discourse on urban safety by providing a nuanced understanding of community policing as a method for reinventing security in city centers. It presents novel insights into the interdisciplinary nature of community policing, which intersects with urban development, social policy, and public administration. The study suggests a paradigm shift from traditional law enforcement to a more integrated, community-focused approach, potentially guiding future urban safety initiatives.
The Use of S. Khoruzhyi's Ideas of Energetic Heychasm in the Educational Strategies of Postmodern Society
Authors: Ihnatiev Vitalii , Patlaichuk Oksana , Stupak Olga , Bobryk Andrii , Moskalyk Hennadii , Shymanovych Andrii 
Published: March 2024

Through the prism of the study of the theology of Hesychasm the authors of this article consider the philosophical work of S. Khoruzhyi as a present-day system of non-classical pedagogical paradigm. On the other hand, this paradigm is a philosophically framed historical tradition of Orthodox ontological experience of human existence, which in our time has gone beyond the end of history. Moving beyond confessional boundaries into a universal philosophical meta-anthropological project provides a heuristic effect for the construction of spiritual pedagogy as well as for its synergy with the educational strategies and spiritual practices of the common man of the postmodern era.
The authors sought to identify the basic intentions of religion and postmodern consciousness, and to characterize S. Khoruzhyi's theosophical paradigm in terms of its unconscious and unintentional correlation with the social philosophy of pedagogical of postmodernism. For this purpose we used comparative typological and meaningful methinks, as well as elements of hermeneutics and intertextual analysis.
As a result of the study the authors formulated a number of conclusions and results. The most general one defines the peculiarity of S. Khoruzhogo's narrative, in which the philosopher not only insists but also systematically embeds Hesychasm in the context of the post-non-classical philosophical and pedagogical paradigm. In essence, S. Khoruzhyi forms an alternative to the classical philosophical paradigm, which (even despite the author's formal objections) is open to a horizontal postmodern dialogue and constructed in a personal Hesychasm practice " bottom-up" from -because of "human energy".
Strategic Planning in the Middle Byzantine Period: A "Limitrophe" Policy Reintroduced?
Authors: Gjalevski Dragan 
Published: March 2024

In order to maintain or improve its political stability and overall might every state conducts certain policies, both domestic and foreign, throughout its history. They are usually a result of a systematic planning, encompassing in the process multiple state sectors. The Byzantine Empire was no exception. Throughout centuries of existence, the imperial government implemented numerous reforms and carried out reorganisation in the military, administrative and fiscal departments, with the intention to improve its governance. Creation of the military commands – strategides, thémata and tágmata corps are only some of the changes, and their implementation certainly required prior planning in accordance with the requirements and capacity of the state. In relation to foreign policy, starting from the mid-ninth century, a formation of a number of client states that were more or less politically dependent on Constantinople can be observed on the Byzantine borders; their existence ended around the mid-eleventh century. This paper aims to examine the process of establishing client states on the Byzantine borders, i.e., whether it was a policy initiated and subsequently applied by the imperial government as a result of some pre-determined planning, or whether it was just an ad hoc solution. This paper was presented on the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Venice and Padua, 22-27 August 2022.
Plafonnement des Carrières Académiques au Maroc : Analyse Approfondie par les Equations Structurelles
Authors: Taoussi Ghita , Maghni Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Cet article vise à contribuer à la compréhension du plafonnement des carrières dans le contexte universitaire, en identifiant ses différentes composantes, facteurs influents et conséquences, en donnant la parole aux enseignants chercheurs dans les universités publiques au Maroc. Pour ce faire, nous avons adopté une approche de recherche hybride, combinant des méthodes inductives et déductives, ainsi que des approches qualitatives et quantitatives. En plus de mener une étude qualitative exploratoire auprès de 18 enseignants-chercheurs et six acteurs institutionnels ; (dont les résultats ont déjà été publiés partiellement (Maghni & Taoussi, 2018 et 2023)), nous avons également réalisé une enquête extensive en utilisant un questionnaire auprès de 117 universitaires. Ce questionnaire a été administré en ligne via un formulaire HTML envoyé aux participants. Les échelles de mesure ont été évaluées en termes de fiabilité et de cohérence interne, puis soumises à une analyse factorielle sous SPSS. La méthode PLS a été employée pour valider le modèle interne, évaluer l'adéquation du modèle externe et tester les hypothèses formulées. Les résultats mettent en évidence la diversité des perceptions des professeurs universitaires au Maroc concernant le plafonnement des carrières, en identifiant des facteurs individuels, organisationnels et contextuels qui ont été validés, ainsi que l'impact du plafonnement des carrières académiques sur l’engagement affectif envers l’établissement de travail, le stress au travail, l’efficacité dans l’avancement de carrière et l’auto-motivation d’évolution.

This article aims to contribute to the understanding of career plateauing in the university context by identifying its various components, influential factors, and consequences while giving a voice to university professors in public universities in Morocco. To achieve this, we adopted a hybrid research approach, combining inductive and deductive methods, as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches. In addition to conducting an exploratory qualitative study with 18 university professors and six institutional actors; ( the results of which have already been partially published (Taoussi & Maghni, 2023)), we also conducted an extensive survey using a questionnaire with 117 academics. This questionnaire was administered online through an HTML form sent to the participants. The measurement scales were assessed for reliability and internal consistency and then subjected to factor analysis using SPSS. The PLS method was used to validate the internal model, assess the fit of the external model, and test the formulated hypotheses. The results highlight the diversity of perceptions among university professors in Morocco regarding career plateauing, identifying individual, organizational, and contextual factors that have been validated, as well as the impact of academic career plateauing on affective commitment to the workplace, work stress, career advancement effectiveness, and self-motivation for progression.
Analisis Status Gizi, Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Kelas 8 di SMPN 1 Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Diffa Hamam Fernanda Diffa , Nurrochmah Siti , Yunus Moch , Mu'arifin  
Published: March 2024

Penelitian survei ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji status gizi, kebugaran jasmani siswa kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan berupa observasi, dan menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang berjumlah 68 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument Tes Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia (TKJI). Dari hasil penelitian status gizi, kebugaran jasmani siswa kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang memiliki hasil status gizi yang dominan pada kondisi normal 77,1% (27 orang) untuk kelompok putra dan untuk kelompok putri dominan normal 69,6% (23 orang). Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil tes kebugaran jasmani siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dominan pada kategori kurang sekali dengan presentase 48,6% untuk putra dan 39,4 untuk putri. Dalam penelitian status gizi rata-rata siswa memiliki kategori normal dan pada kebugaran jasmani memiliki rata-rata kurang sekali untuk siswa putra dan putri.
Cenozoic Exhumation Across the High Plains of Southeastern Colorado from (U-Th)/He Thermochronology
Authors: Kainz Sabrina J. , Abbott Lon D. , Flowers Rebecca M. , Olsson Aidan , Fernandez Skye , Metcalf James R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Colorado’s High Plains stand at anomalously high elevations (~1300–2100 m) for their continental interior setting, but when and why this region became elevated is poorly understood. The Cenozoic history of the High Plains is also likely linked with that of the Rocky Mountains, where the timing and cause(s) of uplift are similarly debated. We present apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) data for 10 samples from Tertiary intrusives along a ~200 km west-to-east transect across the High Plains of southeastern Colorado to constrain the timing of exhumation and to gain insight into when and why regional elevation gain occurred. Mean sample AHe dates for the ~24–22 Ma East Spanish Peak pluton and associated radial dikes from the westernmost High Plains are 18.8 ± 1.4 to 14.1 ± 1.7 Ma, recording substantial postemplacement erosion. AHe results for the mafic to ultramafic Apishapa Dikes (oldest ~37 Ma, youngest ~14 Ma) located ~20–40 km farther north and east on the High Plains range from 12.0 ± 1.4 to 6.2 ± 1.9 Ma, documenting continued exhumation on the western High Plains during the ~12–5 Ma deposition of the Ogallala Formation farther east and suggesting that the western limit of Ogallala deposition was east of the Apishapa Dikes. In far southeastern Colorado, the Two Buttes lamprophyre was emplaced at 36.8 ± 0.4 Ma and yields a Late Oligocene AHe date of 27.1 ± 4 Ma. Here, the Ogallala Formation unconformably overlies Two Buttes, indicating that the regional ~12 Ma age for the base of the Ogallala is a minimum age for the exposure of the pluton at the surface. The AHe data presented here document that kilometer-scale erosion affected all of the southeastern Colorado High Plains in Oligo-Miocene time. While exhumation can have multiple possible causes, we favor contemporaneous surface uplift capable of elevating the region to modern heights.
As Hype Fades, LLMs Gaining Acceptance in Upstream as New Age Research and Coding Tool
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: March 2024

After using ChatGPT-4 for more than a year, Clinton Lott has made familiarity with the large language model (LLM), a requirement for new software programming hires.
The director of Houston-based Spotter Tech gave this reasoning: “Taking 2 hours to do something that ChatGPT can do in 15 seconds is unacceptable today.”
It’s a line you’re likely to hear from the most ardent champions of LLMs which have simultaneously reignited the world’s interest in and ire for artificial intelligence (AI). And while Spotter Tech, a small hydraulic fracturing data specialist, may be an exception with its hiring practices, it is far from the only upstream company embracing the new technology.
Both BP and Shell have recently given thousands of employees access to Microsoft’s new cloud service called Copilot, which at its core is powered by GPT-4, OpenAI’s latest and most capable LLM. Others including ExxonMobil have placed use of LLMs under lockdown while still signaling a long-term interest in their embrace.
As chair of SPE’s Data Science & Engineering Analytics Technical Section, Pushpesh Sharma has spent the past several months speaking with peers in the industry about how and where LLMs are being used.
The product manager for field automation firm Aspen Technology told JPT that it’s clear from those conversations that a good number of energy firms are interested in tailoring the technology to their needs, albeit many are doing so quietly as it remains early days.
“The big focus right now is on what they call fine tuning,” he said. “You take an existing base model that one of the big tech companies have created and make it more of a fit for your business. It’s kind of like taking a graduate student and then letting them work on their PhD with very specific subject matter.”
While OpenAI’s ChatGPT has become the popular symbol of LLMs, there are a growing number of alternatives in the mix. In February, Google introduced its latest model called Gemini 1.5 which seeks to rival GPT-4.
There are also open source LLMs that oil and gas companies can use as templates for internal projects. Or they may turn to other big tech firms such as NVIDIA and Amazon Web Services (AWS) which are in the business of helping industrials build and train their own private, custom LLMs.
SPE joined the trend after inking a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in October with AI firm i2k Connect and Aramco Americas.
The collaboration is expected to result in a new domain-specific LLM that industry engineers and researchers can use to answer questions with more technical depth than can be done with the current slate of commercial offerings.
One enabling aspect of this current phase of experimentation with LLM technology is retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). The method is considered essential for models to provide more-accurate and actionable responses by extending their scope beyond initial training datasets to include more authoritative and even real-time data.
Technology Focus: High Pressure/High Temperature (March 2024)
Authors: Das Santanu 
Published: March 2024

Early February saw the occasion of India Energy Week (IEW), a major event held in Goa, India, with which I was pleased to be engaged. The meeting addressed the many challenges and transformations facing the energy sector around the world, in both the short and long term. Complex alignments and armed conflict affect humankind around the globe and disrupt the infrastructural networks that connect populations. Recent events in the Red Sea serve as only one example of how geopolitics can profoundly influence a hydrocarbon market that expects to see high volatility in pricing.
IEW drew further attention to the important role India will play in the global energy economy of the future. A huge market with a booming economy and a growing demand for energy, India, too, seeks to develop its energy mix in accordance with the international goal of achieving a net-zero future and exploring renewable energies.
Within that greater framework, the subject of this feature, high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) resources, continues to be a focus of efforts to apply new technologies that maximize productivity while addressing concerns related to capital expenditure, operating expenses, and high drilling costs. These cost-effective technologies will only grow in importance in exploiting HP/HT and ultra-HP/HT fields. Increased emphasis on effective well control, durable completion equipment, and monitoring of downhole conditions will become key entry points for technological advances in the near future.
This year saw a somewhat smaller number of HP/HT-centered conference papers for review. Nevertheless, I have identified, with an aim of providing readers an idea of the robust scope of research within the HP/HT industry, important works pertaining to simulation, drilling, and cleanup. These papers, set against the volatility faced by the energy sector, embody the importance of keeping our fellow energy professionals apprised of our successes and lessons learned.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
OTC 32657 Comparison of Wellhead Fatigue Methods Using Acoustic and Standalone Monitoring Data for HP/HT Developments by Bulent Mercan, 2H Offshore, et al.
IPTC 22815 Successful Drilling of the Deepest and Hottest HP/HT Carbonate Well Offshore Malaysia, Lessons Learned, and Way Forward by Swee Hong Gary Ong, PTT Exploration and Production, et al.
OTC 32203 Managing the High-Temperature Risk in a Horizontal HP/HT Deepwater Well by Yu Liu, Shell, et al.