bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratumoural expression of TNF‐R1 and EMAP‐II in relation to response of patients treated with TNF‐based isolated limb perfusion
Authors: van Horssen Remco , Rens Joost A.P. , Brunstein Flavia , Guns Veronique , van Gils Marjon , Hagen Timo L.M. ten , Eggermont Alexander M.M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) has been used in the clinic for more than 10 years in an isolated limb perfusion (ILP). However, intra‐tumoural expression of TNF receptor‐1 (TNF‐R1) and TNF‐R1 upregulating factors are unknown. We determined the expression of TNF‐R1, proEMAP and endothelial monocyte‐activating polypeptide‐II (EMAP‐II) before and after ILP and evaluated this against clinical response. Tumour biopsies were taken before and after ILP of patients (n = 27) with advanced sarcoma or metastatic melanoma. Biopsies were randomly analysed by western blotting for proEMAP/EMAP‐II and TNF‐R1 expression. Appropriate melanoma biopsies were stained for EMAP‐II, TNF‐R1, CD31 and CD68. For melanomas we found that an up‐regulation of EMAP‐II, in contrast to proEMAP or TNF‐R1, directly after ILP significantly correlated with a complete tumour response. No correlation was found for sarcoma patients. In a comparative analysis we found that the overall proEMAP and EMAP‐II expression was higher in melanoma as compared to sarcoma cases and measurements in cell lines revealed high proEMAP expression by melanoma cells. We report high EMAP‐II expression by endothelial cells and association with macrophages. In addition, macrophages are recruited to vessel‐remnants after ILP. An upregulation of EMAP‐II directly after ILP of melanoma patients correlates with and might predict a complete response to TNF‐based ILP. The association of macrophages with EMAP‐II expression and vascular damage suggests a role for EMAP‐II in regulating the TNF‐based anti‐tumour effects observed with an ILP. Analysis of EMAP‐II expression in melanoma biopsies should be implemented in the ILP procedure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microarray analyses in bladder cancer cells: Inhibition of hTERT expression down‐regulates EGFR
Authors: Kraemer Kai , Schmidt Uta , Fuessel Susanne , Herr Alexander , Wirth Manfred P. , Meye Axel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) contributes to the immortal phenotype of the majority of cancers. Targeting hTERT by transfection with antisense oligonucleotides (AS‐ODNs) induced immediate growth inhibition in human bladder cancer (BCa) cells. The molecular basis of the antiproliferative capacity of hTERT AS‐ODNs was investigated by oligonucleotide microarray analyses and was compared to effects caused by siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of hTERT in EJ28 BCa cells. Two different AS‐ODNs—both down‐regulated the expression of hTERT—changed the expression of different genes mainly involved in stress response (including EGR1, ATF3 and GDF15), but without an association to telomerase function. This indicates that the immediate growth inhibition was caused, at least in part, by off‐target effects. In comparison to that the blockade of the expression of hTERT using 2 different siRNAs was accompanied by the down‐regulation of the oncogenes FOS‐like antigen 1 (FOSL1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known to be overexpressed in BCa. We show here for the first time that repression of the hTERT transcript number decreased the expression of EGFR both at the mRNA and protein levels, suggesting a potential new function of hTERT in the regulation of EGFR‐stimulated proliferation. Furthermore, the suppression of hTERT by siRNAs caused an enhancement of the antiproliferative capacity of the chemotherapeutics mitomycin C and cisplatin. The results presented herein may support the hypothesis that hTERT promotes the growth of tumor cells by mechanisms independent from telomere lengthening. The detailed clarification of these processes will shed light on the question, whether telomerase inhibitors might constitute suitable anticancer tools. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating MMP2 and MMP9 in breast cancer—Potential role in classification of patients into low risk, high risk, benign disease and breast cancer categories
Authors: Somiari Stella B. , Somiari Richard I. , Heckman Caroline M. , Olsen Cara H. , Jordan Rick M. , Russell Stephen J. , Shriver Craig D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis, and increased levels occur in serum and plasma of breast cancer (BC) patients. It is, however, unclear whether changes in serum levels can be exploited for early detection or classification of patients into different risk/disease categories. In our study, we measured concentration and activity of MMP2/9 in sera of 345 donors classified as low risk (Gail score <1.7), high risk (HR) (Gail score ≥1.7), benign disease or BC. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney nonparametric tests showed that total‐MMP2 concentration is higher in HR compared to control (p = 0.012), benign (p = 0.001) and cancer (p = 0.007). Active MMP2 (aMMP2) concentration is higher in control than benign and cancer (p < 0.001, respectively). Total and aMMP9 concentrations are higher in cancer than benign (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Total‐MMP2 and total‐MMP9 activities are lower in control than benign (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) and cancer (p < 0.001, respectively). Total‐MMP2 and MMP9 activities are also higher in cancer than benign (p = 0.004, p < 0.001) and HR (p = 0.008, p = 0.007, respectively). These results were not affected by age or inclusion/exclusion of donors with noninvasive cancer or atypical hyperplasia. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that HR donors are characterized by lower total‐MMP2 and higher aMMP2. Overall group classification accuracy was 64.5%. Independent validation based on the leave‐one‐out cross validation approach gave an overall classification of 63%. Our study provides evidence supporting the potential role of serum MMP2/9 as biomarkers for breast disease classification. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examination of surface properties and in vitro biological performance of amorphous diamond‐like carbon‐coated polyurethane
Authors: Jones David S. , Garvin Clare P. , Dowling Denis , Donnelly Kevin , Gorman Sean P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDespite the emerging use of diamond‐like carbon (DLC) as a coating for medical devices, few studies have examined the resistance of DLC coatings onto medical polymers to both microbial adherence and encrustation. In this study, amorphous DLC of a range of refractive indexes (1.7–1.9) and thicknesses (100–600 nm) was deposited onto polyurethane, a model polymer, and the resistance to microbial adherence (Escherichia coli; clinical isolate) and encrustation examined using in vitro models. In comparison to the native polymer, the advancing and receding contact angles of DLC‐coated polyurethane were lower, indicating greater hydrophilic properties. No relationship was observed between refractive index, thickness, and advancing contact angle, as determined using multiple correlation analysis. The resistances of the various DLC‐coated polyurethane films to encrustation and microbial adherence were significantly greater than that to polyurethane; however, there were individual differences between the resistances of the various DLC coatings. In general, increasing the refractive index of the coatings (100 nm thickness) decreased the resistance of the films to both hydroxyapatite and struvite encrustation and to microbial adherence. Films of lower thicknesses (100 and 200 nm; of defined refractive index, 1.8), exhibited the greatest resistance to encrustation and to microbial adherence. In conclusion, this study has uniquely illustrated both the microbial antiadherence properties and resistance to urinary encrustation of DLC‐coated polyurethane. The resistances to encrustation and microbial adherence were substantial, and in light of this, it is suggested that DLC coatings of low thickness and refractive index show particular promise as coatings of polymeric medical devices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Fine ceramic lattices prepared by extrusion freeforming
Authors: Yang Hongyi , Yang Shoufeng , Chi Xiaopeng , Evans Julian R. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFine ceramic lattices with spatial resolution <100 μm and having precise dimensions and intricate hierarchical structure are fabricated by extrusion freeforming, a rapid prototyping technique, which allows overall shape and structure to be controlled by computer. The procedure can be used for any fine ceramic powder and can therefore find applications as diverse as microwave and terahertz metamaterials (artificial crystals), hard tissue scaffolds, microfluidic devices, and metal matrix composite preforms. The examples presented here are calcium phosphate lattices with three structure levels: submicron pores, which enhance cell‐surface interactions, pores of tens of microns to encourage bone ingrowth, and corridors (hundreds of microns) for vascularization. With controlled pore structures on these scales, the lattices are expected to provide customized biological, mechanical, and geometrical requirements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
The effect of crystallinity on strength development of α‐TCP bone substitutes
Authors: Camiré C. L. , Nevsten P. , Lidgren L. , McCarthy I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlpha phase tricalcium phosphates (α‐TCP) were produced using a solid‐state reaction method and milled for various periods of time. The resulting four materials were α‐TCPs, ranging in crystalline content. Powders were exposed to X‐ray diffraction for material identification as well as for use in crystallinity and purity calculations. Powder particle size was investigated using laser diffraction. Materials were mixed with 2.5% Na2HPO4 solution to initiate the hydration of α‐TCP to calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). Isothermal calorimetry was performed to observe thermal response of the powders over a period of time. During the reaction process, at various time points up to 216 h, the material was compression tested to observe strength development. Materials proved to be predominantly alpha phase, while amorphous content determined by XRD varied. Reactivity, as measured by isothermal calorimetry, varied with crystallinity of the α‐TCP powder. Speed of strength development did not change except for the most finely ground powder. In addition, crystal size of the CDHA was changed only in the product formed from the most highly ground material. It is proposed that increasing reactivity of α‐TCP cements does not result in a corresponding increase in rate of strength development until there is sufficient supersaturation to produce significant crystal nucleation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Margin failures in brittle dome structures: Relevance to failure of dental crowns
Authors: Qasim Tarek , Ford Chris , Bush Mark B. , Hu Xiaozhi , Malament Kenneth A. , Lawn Brian R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMargin cracks in loaded brittle dome structures are investigated. Dome structures consisting of glass shells filled with polymer resin, simulating the essential features of brittle crowns on tooth dentin, provide model test specimens. Disk indenters of diminishing elastic modulus are used to apply axisymmetric loading to the apex of the domes. Previous studies using hard indenters have focused on fractures initiating in the near‐contact region of such specimens, including radial cracks at the glass undersurface directly below the contact axis. Here, we focus on fractures initiating at the remote support margins. Margin cracks can become dominant when loading forces are distributed over broad contact areas, as in biting on soft matter, here simulated by balsa wood disks. Cracks preinitiated at the dome edges during the specimen preparation propagate under load around the dome side into segmented, semilunar configurations reminiscent of some all‐ceramic crown failures. Finite element analysis is used to determine the basic stress states within the dome structures, and to confirm a shift in maximum tensile stress from the near‐contact area to the dome sides with more compliant indenters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Effect of methylglyoxal modification and phosphorylation on the chaperone and anti‐apoptotic properties of heat shock protein 27
Authors: Oya‐Ito Tomoko , Liu Bing‐Fen , Nagaraj Ram H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHeat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a stress‐inducible protein in cells that functions as a molecular chaperone and also as an anti‐apoptotic protein. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound produced from cellular glycolytic intermediates that reacts non‐enzymatically with proteins to form products such as argpyrimidine. We found considerable amount of Hsp27 in phosphorylated form (pHsp27) in human cataractous lenses. pHsp27 was the major argpyrimidine‐modified protein in brunescent cataractous lenses. Modification by MGO enhanced the chaperone function of both pHsp27 and native Hsp27, but the effect on Hsp27 was at least three‐times greater than on pHsp27. Phosphorylation of Hsp27 abolished its chaperone function. Transfer of Hsp27 using a cationic lipid inhibited staurosporine (SP)‐induced apoptotic cell death by 53% in a human lens epithelial cell line (HLE B‐3). MGO‐modified Hsp27 had an even greater effect (62% inhibition). SP‐induced reactive oxygen species in HLE‐B3 cells was significantly lower in cells transferred with MGO‐modified Hsp27 when compared to native Hsp27. In vitro incubation experiments showed that MGO‐modified Hsp27 reduced the activity of caspase‐9, and MGO‐modified pHsp27 reduced activities of both caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. Based on these results, we propose that Hsp27 becomes a better anti‐apoptotic protein after modification by MGO, which may be due to multiple mechanisms that include enhancement of chaperone function, reduction in oxidative stress, and inhibition of activity of caspases. Our results suggest that MGO modification and phosphorylation of Hsp27 may have important consequences for lens transparency and cataract development. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic diagnosis of an arterioarticular fistula following knee arthrocentesis
Authors: Morag Yoav , Ford Matthew K. , Jacobson Jon A. , Jamadar David A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn arterioarticular fistula is an unusual complication of knee arthrocentesis. We describe the sonographic findings immediately following a failed clinical attempt at knee arthrocentesis that resulted in an arterioarticular fistula. Spectral Doppler analysis confirmed the jet of blood into the hemarthrosis. Knowledge of anatomy and application of standard technique is necessary to minimize the complications of arthrocentesis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:207–209, 2006
Sonographic findings of mesenteric panniculitis: Correlation with CT and literature review
Authors: Rosón Nuria , Garriga Victoria , Cuadrado Miguel , Pruna Xavier , Carbó Sonia , Vizcaya Sara , Peralta Auxiliadora , Martinez Mateo , Zarcero Manuela , Medrano Santiago 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the sonographic findings of mesenteric panniculitis (MP) and correlate them with CT findings.Methods.We retrospectively evaluated the clinical, CT, and sonographic findings in 26 cases of MP in our hospital between January 1997 and July 2003. We also reviewed the sonographic features of MP previously described in the literature.Results.The sonographic findings were well correlated to CT in 24 of 26 patients (92%). In these 24 cases, abdominal sonographic examination revealed a hyperechogenic, well‐defined fatty mass (corresponding to the pseudocapsule CT sign) in the root of the mesentery, displacing the bowel loops. We found a clear interface between MP and normal intra abdominal fat. Examination with color Doppler sonography revealed the nondeviated mesenteric vessels within the mass. The persence of MP improved sonographic transmission in 9 obese patients and enabled the retroperitoneal vessels to be clearly visualized. Sonography was unable to demonstrate the preservation of the fat nearest the mesenteric vessels corresponding to the “fatty halo” sign on CT.Conclusions.Sonography is useful in the diagnostic workup for MP. The characteristic sonographic features of MP (well‐defined mass, homogeneous hyperechogenicity of the mass, nondeviated vessels within the mass, and displaced bowel loops) correlate well with CT findings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:169–176, 2006
Flash‐echo contrast sonography in the evaluation of response of small hepatocellular carcinoma to percutaneous ablation
Authors: Wang Jing‐Houng , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Tung Hung‐Da , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Hung , Lee, Chuan‐Mo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the use of flash‐echo contrast sonography (FECS) in subtraction mode in assessing small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after percutaneous local ablation therapy.Methods.Between March 2000 and February 2002, we prospectively assessed small HCCs after percutaneous local ablation therapy using FECS in subtraction mode. Thirty‐three patients (22 men, 11 women) with 35 tumors ranging in size from 1.1 to 3.0 cm (mean ± SD, 2.0 ± 0.5) were enrolled. Twenty‐one tumors received percutaneous ethanol injection only, 13 tumors received percutaneous microwave ablation therapy only, and the remaining tumor received both treatments. CT, hepatic angiography, and follow‐up were used as gold standards in analyzing the accuracy of FECS in detecting residual tumors.Results.The agreements between FECS and CT, FECS and hepatic angiography, and all 3 imaging modalities were 80% (28/35), 85.7% (30/35), and 77.1% (27/35), respectively. Twenty‐one patients with 23 completely ablated tumors were followed up for 5 to 39 months (mean ± SD, 20.2 ± 11.2). Recurrent disease was detected in 11 (52.4%) patients; local tumor recurrence occurred in 4 (17.4%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive value of FECS in detecting viable tumors were 53.8% (7/13), 90.9% (20/22), 77.1% (27/35), 77.8% (7/9), and 76.9% (20/26), respectively.Conclusions.FECS in subtraction mode shows good agreement with hepatic angiography and CT in the assessment of small HCC after percutaneous local ablation therapy. The sensitivity of FECS in detecting residual tumors is suboptimal. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:161–168, 2006
Sonographic and mammographic appearances of granular cell tumors of the breast with pathological correlation
Authors: Yang Wei Tse , Edeiken‐Monroe Beth , Sneige Nour , Fornage Bruno D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose.To describe the sonographic and mammographic appearance of granular cell tumors (GCTs) of the breast in 6 patients with pathological correlation.Methods.A search was conducted of the cyto‐histopathological database in a single institution from 1990 to 2004 for breast lesions given the diagnosis of GCT of the breast. Six patients with GCT of the breast who underwent mammographic or sonographic examination or both before surgery were included in this study.Results.The mammographic features of GCT of the breast were indeterminate in most patients, often presenting as an isodense mass with indistinct or spiculated margins. Calcifications were not a feature. The sonographic features of GCT of the breast mimicked carcinoma, including heterogeneous echotexture, indistinct margins, and hypervascularity. Hyperechogenicity was noted in 5 of 7 (71%) GCTs in this series. The cytomorphological features of GCT included sheets of large granular cells intersected by arborizing thin‐walled blood vessels. The cells had round to oval nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and abundant, ill‐defined granular cytoplasm.Conclusions.Breast imagers should be aware that GCT of the breast is an uncommon differential in a minority of neoplasms that can be mistaken for breast cancer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:153–160, 2006
Immunological characterization and fine localization of a lizard beta‐keratin
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo , Toni Mattia 
Published: April 2006

AbstractScales of lizards contain beta‐keratin of poorly known composition. In the present study, a rat polyclonal serum against a lizard beta‐keratin of 14–15 kDa has been produced and the relative protein has been immunolocalized in the epidermis. The observations for the first time show that the isolated protein band derives from the extraction of a protein component of the beta‐keratin filaments of lizard epidermis. In immunoblots and immunocytochemistry, the antiserum recognizes most lizard beta‐keratins, but produces a variable cross‐reactivity with snake beta‐keratins, and weak or no reactivity with beta‐keratins isolated from tuatara, turtles, alligator and birds. In bidimensional immunoblots of lizard epidermis, three main spots at 15–16 kDa with isoelectric point at 7.0, 7.6 and 8.0, and an unresolved large spot at 29–30 kDa and with pI at 7.5–8.0, are obtained, may be derived from the aggregation of smaller beta‐keratin proteins. The ultrastructural immunolocalization with the antibody against lizard beta‐keratin shows that only small and large beta‐keratin filaments of beta‐cells of lizard epidermis are labeled. Keratin bundles in oberhautchen cells are less immunolabeled. Beta‐keratin is rapidly polymerized into beta‐packets that merge into larger beta‐keratin filaments. No labeling is present over other cell organelles or cell layers of lizard epidermis, and is absent in non‐epidermal cells. The antiserum recognizes epitope(s) characteristics for lizard beta‐keratins, partially recognized in snakes and absent in non‐lepidosaurian species. This result indicates that beta‐keratins among different reptilian groups posses different immunoreactive regions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intermittent hypoxia impairs performance of adult mice in the two‐way shuttle box but not in the Morris water maze
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Xing , Lu Xing‐Jiang , Wang Xiao‐Chuan , Li Wang , Du Ji‐Zeng 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe have previously found that neonatal intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure enhanced mouse spatial, but impaired associative, cognition. This study sought to investigate the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on adult mice cognition. Mice were exposed to 2, 5, 10, 15, or 25 days of intermittent hypoxia (IH; 4 hr/day) at 2 km (16.0% O2) or 5 km (10.8% O2) altitudes in a hypobaric chamber for the Morris water maze (MWM) test and exposed to IH for 2, 10, or 25 days for the shuttle‐box test. Amino acid dynamics in vivo in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice exposed to 2 km hypoxia were analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The results in MWM task showed that IH‐2d to ‐25d at 2 km or 5 km did not change the escape latencies of mice in the training test or the retention of platform in the probe test. In the shuttle‐box task, however, IH‐10d at 5 km significantly reduced mouse avoidances in the acquisition test on day 4, and IH‐10d at 2 km reduced avoidances in the retention test; IH‐25d at 5 km significantly reduced avoidances of mice throughout the acquisition days. Glutamate in the amygdala persisted in declining to 69% of baseline at 8 hr posthypoxia (P = 0.040 vs. GLU released during 30 min before hypoxia) during the posthypoxia stage. These results suggest that adult hypobaric IH impairs the hippocampal‐independent, but not the hippocampal‐dependent, task in mice. The different GLU releases in the hippocampus and amygdala in response to hypoxia are involved in the different behaviors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.