bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal metabolite profiling of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: den Hartog Ilona , Zwep Laura B. , Meulman Jacqueline J. , Hankemeier Thomas , van de Garde Ewoudt M. W. , van Hasselt J. G. Coen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Longitudinal biomarkers in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may help in monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. The metabolic host response could be a potential source of such biomarkers since it closely associates with the current health status of the patient.

Objectives
In this study we performed longitudinal metabolite profiling in patients with CAP for a comprehensive range of metabolites to identify potential host response biomarkers.

Methods
Previously collected serum samples from CAP patients with confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae infection (n = 25) were used. Samples were collected at multiple time points, up to 30 days after admission. A wide range of metabolites was measured, including amines, acylcarnitines, organic acids, and lipids. The associations between metabolites and C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, CURB disease severity score at admission, and total length of stay were evaluated.

Results
Distinct longitudinal profiles of metabolite profiles were identified, including cholesteryl esters, diacyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, diacylglycerols, lysophosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelin, and triglycerides. Positive correlations were found between CRP and phosphatidylcholine (34:1) (cor = 0.63) and negative correlations were found for CRP and nine lysophosphocholines (cor = − 0.57 to − 0.74). The CURB disease severity score was negatively associated with six metabolites, including acylcarnitines (tau = − 0.64 to − 0.58). Negative correlations were found between the length of stay and six triglycerides (TGs), especially TGs (60:3) and (58:2) (cor = − 0.63 and − 0.61).

Conclusion
The identified metabolites may provide insight into biological mechanisms underlying disease severity and may be of interest for exploration as potential treatment response monitoring biomarker.
Use of Indocyanine Green Near-Infrared Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stenz Nadja A. , Morand Gregoire B. , Schoch Manuel , Werner Jonas , Rajan Gunesh P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The current established technique for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is preoperative injection of 99mtechnetium-labeled nanosized colloids (99mTc) followed by single photon emission computed tomography and standard computed tomography (SPECT/CT) with subsequent intraoperative gamma probe-guided excision of the SLN. It is however time and resource consuming, causes radiation exposure and morbidity for the patient as the injection is done in the awake patient. Recently near-infrared imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) gained importance in SLN biopsy as a faster and more convenient technique. The objective of our study was to investigate the feasibility of SLN biopsy using ICG-imaging in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods
Single-centre pilot study of five patients with early-stage OSCC. For all patients, both techniques (99mTc and ICG) were performed. We injected 99mTc preoperatively in the awake patient, followed by SPECT/CT imaging. Intraoperatively ICG was injected around the primary tumor. Then the neck incision was performed according to the SPECT/CT images and SLN were detected by using a gamma probe and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of the ICG-marked lymph nodes intraoperatively. The excised lymph nodes were sent to histopathological examination according to the SLN dissection protocol.

Results
In all five patients sentinel lymph nodes were identified. A total of 7 SLN were identified after injection of 99mTc, imaging with SPECT/CT and intraoperative use of a gamma probe. All these SLN were fluorescent and visible with the ICG technique. In two patients, we could identify additional lymph nodes using the ICG technique. Pathological analysis demonstrated occult metastasis in two of the cases.

Conclusions
Our study shows that ICG-guided SLN biopsy is a feasible technique, especially in combination with conventional radioisotope method and may help for intraoperative localization of SLN. Validation studies with bigger patient cohorts are needed to prove our results.
Residual Stress Mapping in Heat-Assisted Additive Manufacturing of IN 718: An X-Ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Ramineni Lakshmi , Almotari Abdalmageed , Ali Majed , Algamal Anwar , Qattawi Ala 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) technique characterized by multiple localized thermal processes that result in rapid heating and cooling. The thermal variations observed in the LPBF process can generate residual stress (RS) inside the fabricated part, impacting the surface integrity and geometric tolerances of the manufactured components. To reduce thermal variation during manufacturing, heat-assisted AM was employed, thereby minimizing RS and any thermal distortion that could occur during the fabrication of materials. The present research utilizes non-destructive x-ray diffraction to analyze the influence of an in-situ heated building plate and processing parameters on the RS distribution in Inconel 718 (IN718) fabricated by LPBF. This study examines the impact of two scanning procedures and three laser power levels and offers critical insights into both measurement techniques and RS characterization. By understanding the effect of the processing parameters on RS, we aim to enhance the quality of manufactured parts through process optimization. Post-processing heat treatment consistently reduced RS in all samples, regardless of laser power levels or scanning strategies. Combining a chess scanning strategy with 270 W laser power resulted in the most significant RS reduction in IN718.
Foraging Activity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) and Exposure to Cadmium: a Review
Authors: Knoll Stephane , Cappai Maria Grazia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHoney bees are commonly exposed to a broad spectrum of xenobiotics, including heavy metals. Heavy metal toxicity is of concern in the context of global pollinator declines, especially since honey bees seem to be particularly susceptible to xenobiotics in general. Here we summarize current knowledge on the interplay between cadmium, one of the most toxic and mobile elements in the environment, and honey bees, the primary managed pollinator species worldwide. Overall, cadmium pollution has been shown to be ubiquitous, affecting industrial, urban and rural areas alike. Uptake of this heavy metal by plants serves as the primary route of exposure for bees (through pollen and nectar). Reported cadmium toxicity consists of lethal and sublethal effects (reduced development and growth) in both adult and larval stages, as well as various molecular responses related to detoxification and cellular antioxidant defence systems. Other effects of cadmium in honey bees include the disruption of synaptic signalling, calcium metabolism and muscle function.
Selective Medial Septum Lesions in Healthy
Rats Induce Longitudinal Changes in Microstructure of Limbic Regions, Behavioral
Alterations, and Increased Susceptibility to Status
Epilepticus
Authors: Luna-Munguia Hiram , Gasca-Martinez Deisy , Garay-Cortes Alejandra , Coutiño Daniela , Regalado Mirelta , de los Rios Ericka , Villaseñor Paulina , Hidalgo-Flores Fernando , Flores-Guapo Karen , Benito Brandon Yair , Concha Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSepto-hippocampal pathway, crucial for physiological functions and
involved in epilepsy. Clinical monitoring during epileptogenesis is complicated. We
aim to evaluate tissue changes after lesioning the medial septum (MS) of normal rats
and assess how the depletion of specific neuronal populations alters the animals’
behavior and susceptibility to establishing a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were
injected into the MS with vehicle or saporins (to deplete GABAergic or cholinergic
neurons; n = 16 per group). Thirty-two animals
were used for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); scanned before surgery and 14 and
49 days post-injection. Fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient
were evaluated in the fimbria, dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus, dorso-medial
thalamus, and amygdala. Between scans 2 and 3, animals were submitted to diverse
behavioral tasks. Stainings were used to analyze tissue alterations. Twenty-four
different animals received pilocarpine to evaluate the latency and severity of the
status epilepticus 2 weeks after surgery.
Additionally, eight different animals were only used to evaluate the neuronal damage
inflicted on the MS 1 week after the molecular surgery. Progressive changes in DTI
parameters in both white and gray matter structures of the four evaluated groups
were observed. Behaviorally, the GAT1-saporin injection impacted spatial memory
formation, while 192-IgG-saporin triggered anxiety-like behaviors. Histologically,
the GABAergic toxin also induced aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, tissue damage, and
neuronal death. Regarding the pilocarpine-induced status
epilepticus, this agent provoked an increased mortality rate.
Selective septo-hippocampal modulation impacts the integrity of limbic regions
crucial for certain behavioral skills and could represent a precursor for epilepsy
development.
Data-Centric Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jakubik Johannes , Vössing Michael , Kühl Niklas , Walk Jannis , Satzger Gerhard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData-centric artificial intelligence (data-centric AI) represents an emerging paradigm that emphasizes the importance of enhancing data systematically and at scale to build effective and efficient AI-based systems. The novel paradigm complements recent model-centric AI, which focuses on improving the performance of AI-based systems based on changes in the model using a fixed set of data. The objective of this article is to introduce practitioners and researchers from the field of Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) to data-centric AI. The paper defines relevant terms, provides key characteristics to contrast the paradigm of data-centric AI with the model-centric one, and introduces a framework to illustrate the different dimensions of data-centric AI. In addition, an overview of available tools for data-centric AI is presented and this novel paradigm is differenciated from related concepts. Finally, the paper discusses the longer-term implications of data-centric AI for the BISE community.
Softening effect in the heat-affected zone of laser-welded joints of high-strength low-alloyed steels
Authors: Mičian Miloš , Frátrik Martin , Brůna Marek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe softening effect, which occurs as an undesirable consequence of microstructural changes in the heat-affected zone as a result of the welding process, is an inherent aspect of welding high-strength low-alloyed steels. One of the recommended ways to minimize these changes is the application of laser beam welding as a lower heat input technology. Hence, this work compares and investigates the effects of laser beam welding on the weld joint properties of S690QL, S960QL, S1100QL, S700MC, S960MC, and S1100MC steels. This research operates on the assumption that the mechanical properties of the zones surrounding the soft zone—base metal and weld metal—affect the mechanical properties of weld joints as well. The work shows that the total value of yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of welded joints increases when the value of the strength of the weld metal and the soft zone increases and when the width of the soft zone narrows, and vice versa. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the amount of C, Cr, Mn, Mo, Cu, and Ni in steel as well as the thermal cycle is directly associated to strength in these zones. The findings indicate that although the welded joints’ yield strength and tensile strength values remained over 96% of the base metal’s value, in certain cases the elongation values decreased to a mere 21% of the base metal’s value.
Holorailway: an augmented reality system to support assembly operations in the railway industry
Authors: Garcia Clara , Ortega Mario , Ivorra Eugenio , Contero Manuel , Mora Pau , Alcañiz Mariano L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the last two decades, industrial applications of augmented reality (AR) have been incorporated in sectors such as automotive or aeronautics in tasks including manufacturing, maintenance, and assembly. However, AR’s potential has yet to be demonstrated in the railway sector due to its complexity and difficulties in automating tasks. This work aims to present an AR system based on HoloLens 2 to assist the assembly process of insulation panels in the railway sector significantly decreasing the time required to perform the assembly. Along with the technical description of the system, an exhaustive validation process is provided where the assembly using the developed system is compared to the traditional assembly method as used by a company that has facilitated a case study. The results obtained show that the system presented outperforms the traditional solution by 78% in the time spent in the localization subtask, which means a 47% decrease in the global assembly time. Additionally, it decreases the number of errors in 88% of the cases, obtaining a more precise and almost error-free assembly process. Finally, it is also proven that using AR removes the dependence on users’ prior knowledge of the system to facilitate assembly.
Progranulin and neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease: longitudinal study
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Zafari Rasa ,   Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Progranulin is an anti-inflammatory protein that plays an essential role in the synapse function and the maintenance of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that the CSF level of progranulin increases in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and is associated with the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau in the brain tissue. In this study, we aimed to assess the longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) progranulin levels during different pathophysiological stages of AD and investigate associated AD pathologic features.

Methods
We obtained the CSF and neuroimaging data of 1001 subjects from the ADNI database. The participants were classified into four groups based on the A/T/N framework: A + /TN + , A + /TN−, A−/TN + , and A−/TN−.

Results
Based on our analysis there was a significant difference in CSF progranulin (P = 0.001) between ATN groups. Further ANOVA analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the rate of change of CSF-progranulin ATN groups. We found that the rate of change of CSF progranulin was associated with baseline Aβ-PET only in the A−/TN + group. A significant association was found between the rate of change of CSF progranulin and the Aβ-PET rate of change only in A−/TN +

Conclusion
Our findings revealed that an increase in CSF progranulin over time is associated with faster formation of Aβ plaques in patients with only tau pathology based on the A/T/N classification (suspected non-Alzheimer’s pathology). Together, our findings showed that the role of progranulin-related microglial activity on AD pathology can be stage-dependent, complicated, and more prominent in non-AD pathologic changes. Thus, there is a need for further studies to consider progranulin-based therapies for AD treatment.
Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake Among African Immigrants: Lessons from a Community-Based Outreach Program
Authors: Koku Emmanuel F. , Johnson-Yengbeh Nettie , Muhr Ava 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2021, the African Cultural Alliance of North America (ACANA) implemented a community-based vaccine education and outreach program to decrease hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among African immigrants in Philadelphia. The program had three components: (1) tailored messaging on the benefits of vaccines by trusted community health navigators in familiar languages/dialects, (2) use of educational/tabling events, and (3) establishment of a vaccine clinic in community settings. Using secondary data analysis, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and a self-administered survey, we explored (i) the impact and effectiveness of the outreach program and extent of vaccine uptake, (ii) African immigrants’ beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic and the vaccine, and (iii) barriers and facilitators of vaccine knowledge, uptake, and hesitancy. Our analysis showed that ACANA’s outreach program was effective in addressing several cultural, logistic, and systematic barriers to vaccine uptake. The program distributed 2000 educational/informational flyers, reached 3000 community members via social media campaigns, and an additional 2320 through other person-to-person outreach events. The program was effective and resulted in the vaccination of 1265 community members over the course of the outreach. The impact of this outreach underscores the critical role of community-based organizations in addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake in underserved and minority communities. The paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations for using community-based outreach programs to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and decrease hesitancy.
Temporal trends in the starting of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes in Italy: data from the AMD Annals initiative
Authors: Giandalia A. , Nicolucci A. , Modugno M. , Lucisano G. , Rossi M. C. , Manicardi V. , Rocca A. , Di Cianni G. , Di Bartolo P. , Candido R. , Cucinotta D. , Russo G. T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aims
Opportunities and needs for starting insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) have changed overtime. We evaluated clinical characteristics of T2D subjects undergoing the first insulin prescription during a 15-year-observation period in the large cohort of the AMD Annals Initiative in Italy.

Methods
Data on clinical and laboratory variables, complications and concomitant therapies and the effects on glucose control after 12 months were evaluated in T2D patients starting basal insulin as add-on to oral/non-insulin injectable agents, and in those starting fast-acting in add-on to basal insulin therapy in three 5-year periods (2005–2019).

Results
We evaluated data from 171.688 T2D subjects who intensified therapy with basal insulin and 137.225 T2D patients who started fast-acting insulin. Overall, intensification with insulin occurred progressively earlier over time in subjects with shorter disease duration. Moreover, the percentage of subjects with HbA1c levels > 8% at the time of basal insulin initiation progressively decreased. The same trend was observed for fast-acting formulations. Clinical characteristics of subjects starting insulin did not change in the three study-periods, although all major risk factors improved overtime. After 12 months from the starting of basal or fast-acting insulin therapy, mean HbA1c levels decreased in all the three investigated time-periods, although mean HbA1c levels remained above the recommended target.

Conclusions
In this large cohort of T2D subjects, a progressively earlier start of insulin treatment was observed during a long observation period, suggesting a more proactive prescriptive approach. However, after 12 months from insulin prescription, in many patients, HbA1c levels were still out-of-target.
Schlafqualität und Schlafverhalten von Studierenden während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Nestler Sophie , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Der Schlaf als Regenerationsprozess ist nicht nur ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der psychischen und physischen Gesundheit, sondern trägt erheblich zur allgemeinen Leistungsfähigkeit bei. Leidet die Schlafqualität, kann dies mit einem schlechteren psychischen Wohlbefinden und zusätzlichen Stressfaktoren in Verbindung gebracht werden. Die pandemiebedingte Online-Lehre im Studium führte zu einer erhöhten Bildschirmnutzung besonders in den Abend- und Nachtstunden, welche psychische Beanspruchungen verschärfen können. Ziel der Studie war es, die Schlafqualität der Studierenden während des Semesters mit ausschließlich Online-Lehrveranstaltungen zu analysieren. Zusätzlich galt es, potenziell schlafbeeinträchtigende Faktoren zu identifizieren und mögliche Zusammenhänge zu psychischen Beanspruchungen festzustellen. Auch die Inanspruchnahme von schlafpräventiven Maßnahmen soll für zukünftige Interventionen erhoben werden.

Methoden
Im Sommersemester 2021 nahmen 319 Studierende freiwillig und anonym an der Online-Befragung teil. Davon gingen 216 vollständige Datensätze in die Auswertung ein. Es wurden Fragebogen zur Soziodemografie, Bildschirmfragebogen, aktuelle Stimmungsskala (ASTS), Pre-Sleep-Arousal-Scale (PSAS) und Pittsburgh-Sleep-Quality-Index (PSQI) verwendet.

Ergebnisse
Bei 69 % der Studierenden ist die Schlafqualität beeinträchtigt. Eine abendliche Bildschirmnutzung führte signifikant häufiger zu einer emotionalen und kognitiven Aktivierung, wobei schlecht Schlafende signifikant häufiger zu negativen Gedanken und Emotionen neigten. Signifikante Gruppenunterschiede ergaben sich ebenso bei der Anwendung von Entspannungsmethoden, wobei diese von schlecht schlafenden Studierenden häufiger angewandt wurden.

Diskussion
Lange Bildschirmnutzungszeiten besonders in den Abendstunden können zu emotionalen und kognitiven Aktivierungen und somit zu einer verminderten Schlafqualität führen. Neben der Bildschirmnutzung konnten jedoch weitere schlafbeeinträchtigende Faktoren festgestellt werden, die es zukünftig in den Gesundheitsförderungsprogrammen der Hochschulen zu berücksichtigen gilt. Die Studierenden, die ihren Schlaf subjektiv als beeinträchtigt eingeschätzt haben, haben auch vermehrt angegeben, Entspannungstechniken zu nutzen. Schlafpräventionsprogramme und die Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit von Studierenden spielen eine immer wichtigere Rolle an Hochschulen und Universitäten in Deutschland.
SRNN-RSA: a new method to solving time-dependent shortest path problems based on structural recurrent neural network and ripple spreading algorithm
Authors: Yu Shilin , Song Yuantao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInfluenced by external factors, the speed of vehicles in the traffic network is changing all the time, which makes the traditional static shortest route unable to meet the real logistics distribution needs. Considering that the existing research on time-dependent shortest path problems (TDSPP) do not include the topological information of the traffic network, it is unable to reflect the spatial and temporal dynamic characteristics of the traffic network during the vehicle travelling process and is unable to update to the changes of the vehicle speed in real time, and poor scalability. Therefore, we used the structural RNN (SRNN) model containing topological information of the road network is used to predict time-varying speeds in the traffic road network. We proposed an SRNN-RSA framework for solving the TDSPP problem, which achieves a synergistic evolution between the real-time vehicle speed change process and the RSA solving process, and the scalability of the proposed SRNN-RSA is demonstrated and validated using different real data. Compared with other algorithms, the results show that SRNN-RSA has the lowest error with the actual situation, which can balance the solution accuracy and calculation speed and is more consistent with the real traffic road network, with better stability and expandability.