bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eurasian mid-latitude jet stream bridges an Atlantic to Asia summer teleconnection in heat extremes
Authors: Nie Yu , Ren Hong-Li , Zuo Jinqing , Wu Jie , Scaife Adam A , Dunstone Nick J , Hardiman Steven C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Northern Europe and Northeast Asia, which are climatologically mild and temperate in early summer, both witnessed record-breaking heat extremes in June 2023. With a focus on the subseasonal time scale, this study highlights a teleconnected relationship in historical early-summer heat extremes between Northern Europe and Northeast Asia. By diagnosing the thermal budget and wave activity flux, we show that over one third of historical Northeast Asian heat extremes are initialized by Eurasian mid-latitude Rossby wave packets. The wave packets manifest as strong anticyclonic anomalies over subpolar North Atlantic, cyclonic anomalies over Ural region and anticyclonic anomalies over Northeast Asia, which directly cause coexisting heat extremes in Northern Europe and Northeast Asia. Such wave packets are strongly modulated by the Eurasian jet stream. By carrying out numerical experiments, we further explain why the wave packet is significant in early summer. We find that the quasi-stationary response of the Eurasian midlatitude Rossby wave packets to a specified heating in subpolar North Atlantic is dependent on the background jet structure. In early summer, the double-jet state over Eurasia favors Rossby wave propagation. This is of great practical importance for accurate prediction of Northeast Asian heat extreme amplitude and location.
Observation on local high-yielding stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni L.) clone specific to Bandung District, West Java
Authors: Heliyanto B , Murianingrum M , Hartati R S , Hapsari B W , Purwati R D , Suhara C , Parnidi  , Amien S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The use of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni L.) as a natural sweetener shows great potential. However, in Indonesia, the lack of superior and highly productive varieties has been a major challenge in its development. Nukita Co-op has developed a promising stevia clone which we evaluated in this study for its readiness to be proposed as a new and improved variety. Our research was conducted in August 2023 through primary and secondary data collection. Primary data comprised the clone development process and morphological variations observed in farmers’ fields, while secondary data included crop productivity and types of stevia-based products made. Our findings revealed that the CM3 clone, derived from a Vietnamese variety, has been cultivated by farmers in Bandung district since 2010. It has high yields (up to 7-ton dry leaves/ha/year) and is marketed as simplisia (unprocessed ingredients) and various tea variants. However, we noted high morphological variations in farmers’ fields. Therefore, stevia clone CM3 is not ready for direct release. With breeding efforts, this clone could be improved through the selection process and released as a high-yielding variety to support stevia’s development as an alternative sweetener.
Types of land use in Sei Nahodaris Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhanbatu District using the Horton infiltration model
Authors: Harahap F S , Walida H , Nasution A P , Purnama I , Munthe I R 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this research is to establish an infiltration rate model for land uses including smallholder rubber plantations, rice fields, and shrubs. The infiltration rate data was analyzed using the Horton equation model. Every ten minutes, the water level drops. The results of the research show that the infiltration rate model on smallholder rubber plantation land is is f = 7.2 + (10 – 7.2) e2.64t, whereas on small oil palm plantation land it is It is f = 7.98 + (10 – 7.98) e−2.68 ton smallholder latex plantation land; f = 9.13 + (10 – 9.13) e−5.20 ton rice fields; and f = 4 + (10 – 4) e−2.96 ton bush land. In smallholder rubber plantations, the infiltration rate is classified as moderate at 2.06 cm/hour; in rice fields and smallholder plantations, it is relatively slow, namely 0.87 cm/hour and 1.87 cm/hour, respectively. The infiltration rate in bush land is relatively fast, namely 6.56 cm/hour. With an infiltration rate of 1.87 cm/hour on smallholder oil palm plantations and 0.87 cm/hour.
Report of diplodia stem rot disease in SoE-Mollo-Citrus in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Hahuly M V , Simamora A V , Henuk J B D , Nenotek P S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
SoE-Mollo-Citrus is prominent in East Nusa Tenggara. However, a consortium of pathogens infects citrus plants, causing symptoms of broken stems with peeled bark associated with or without gum production. These symptoms could be caused by Lasiodiplodia sp. or Phytophthora sp. Considering the importance of SoE-Mollo-Citrus for society and the Government, actual and accurate information is profound regarding the presence of primary diseases that threaten it. This research aimed to determine disease intensity in central SoE-Mollo-Citrus production villages and to identify pathogens isolated from stem rot symptoms. Stratified purposive sampling method was applied to select seven Districts and ten Villages having large SoE-Mollo-Citrus populations. In each village, one orchard was randomly chosen for observation. SoE-Mollo-Citrus showing symptom of wet and dry diplodia were present in every observation village. The incidence and severity of the disease ranged from 30% in Mnelalete village to 75% in Oelbubuk village and between 21% in Tubuhue village to 51% in Oelbubuk village, respectively. Seventy percent of the collected isolates were pathogenic. Morphological and molecular identification using Primers ITS2 and ITS5 confirmed that the stem rot pathogen was Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae. Good agricultural practices are mandatory so this disease does not harm citrus production.
Salicylic acid’s effect and mycorrhiza on Vetiveria zizanioides L. growing in salty soil
Authors: Novita A , Siregar L A M , Rosmayati  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Salinity is a crucial problem that causes land degradation and reduces the production of various plants in different parts of the world. The purpose of this research is to assess the influence of salicylic acid and mycorrhiza on vetiver development in salty soils by delivering the appropriate salicylic acid and mycorrhizal concentrations in order to get maximum growth. The methodology used a randomized block design with three replications and three components, namely the level of salinity (A), salicylic acid concentration (B) and mycorrhizal dose (C). The findings revealed a relationship between salicylic acid content and mycorrhizal dosage in saline soil and plant height, total number of leaves, and number of tillers. Plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers all responded significantly to salinity level. Salicylic acid’s response to growth was discovered to have a considerable effect on the quantity of leaves and tillers. Mycorrhizal dose has an impact on plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers. Therefore, finding results for sustainable agriculture while reducing land and environmental degradation.
Utilization azolla liquid organic fertilizer with goat manure to enhance organic okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) production
Authors: Meiriani  , Tarigan D M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Azolla is found abundantly in rice fields in Indonesia, therefor potentially as a source of biological nitrogen derived from natural biological bodies that are renewable. The use of a combination liquid fertilizer from fermented azolla with goat manure which is used as a source of nutrients and to improve soil quality as an effort in developing and implementing sustainable agriculture in cultivation of okra plants, needs to be studied. Okra is a vegetable that has many benefits for health which can be consumed in fresh or processed form. This research was carried out on Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, from August to December 2022, using a randomsized block design with two factors, the first factor is azolla liquid organic fertilizer (75, 150, 225, and 300 ml/polybag) and the second factor is goat manure (0, 100, and 200 g/polybag). The application of 200 g/polybag goat manure with150 ml/polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer or 100 g/polybag goat manure application with 300 ml / polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer in okra plants can substitute the use of inorganic fertilizer for increased yield and environmental preservation.
The agronomic pattern of wetland rice with different timings of gibberellic acid (GA3) application treatment
Authors: Hanum C , Ginting J , Barus R K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is an exogenous plant growth hormone that influences plant physiological processes, ultimately affecting plant growth, development, and yield. This study aimed to investigate the agronomic performance of several rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated with different timings of GA3 application. The research was conducted in Lengau Seprang Village, Tanjung Morawa Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, at an elevation of 80 meters above sea level from April to September 2021. The study utilized a randomized complete block design with two treatment factors. The first factor was rice varieties, including Inpari 32, Ciherang, and Siporang. The second factor was the timing of gibberellic acid application, which included 0, 1, 2, and 3 applications (at 20, 45, and 60 days after transplanting). The research results indicated that the different timings of GA3 application did not significantly affect all observed parameters. Siporang exhibited the highest average values for plant height, panicle length, and flag leaf area. However, it produced the lowest grain weight per hill compared to the other two varieties. The highest grain weight was obtained from the Inpari 32 variety.
Potential of Johnius belangerii and Thryssa hamiltonii as fishmeal in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar G A W , Karo E S D , Daulay A H , Trisna A , Yunilas  , Ramadhani R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An increasing problem in the Indonesian fishing industry is the scarcity of fish feedstuffs due to limited availability of raw materials, rising production costs, and climate change. Fishmeal are crucial in farms as they contain high-quality nutrients that are easily digestible by livestock. This study aims to observe the potential of the region as a producer for layer feedstuffs from fishmeal. This research used 10 kg of fresh Johnius belangerii’s fish and Thryssa hamiltonii’s fish with 5 kg each. The heads of both types of fish were collected to calculate their rendement. The results showed that the rendement percentage of Thryssa hamiltonii’s fish heads was 38.64%, while the yield percentage of Johnius belangerii fish heads was 36.83%. Based on the results it can be concluded that this region has significant potential in fishmeal from fisheries waste. 3 warehouses, Deli Serdang Regency, particularly Pantai Labu, can produce 19,108 kg of Thryssa hamiltonii fish in a year, utilizing 615.1 kg of head waste, 299 kg of offal waste, and 30.14 tons of protein. Johnius belangerii fish, weighing 20,299 kg with 623 kg of waste and 20.8 tons of protein content, are also produced in Deli Serdang Regency.
Fishing industry potential as resources broiler feed’s fishmeal from bycatch in Teluk Nibung, Tanjung Balai
Authors: Siregar G A W , Elmasyah A , Mirwandhono R E , Trisna A , Yunilas  , Ramadhani R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tanjung Balai was the sources of fish production in north sumatera, Indonesia. Total fisheries production in Tanjung Balai City more than This study aims to describe the potential of areas on the east coast of North Sumatera. This research method used survey, descriptive analysis from quantitative data which the calculation of fish population, rendement and proximate test. Proximate tests such as protein, fiber, fat, water and ash. The results showed that Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (offal) and mix (head and offal) have different results rendements. Protein (%) level of head; offal; mix = 45.4; 43.3; 33.0. The proximate test of Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (offal) and mix (head+offal) can use to broiler (starter and finisher) feeds based on SNI standards. The one warehouse for 3 highest catch periods was produced 1,904 tons of Upeneus sulphurous fish, 587 tons of waste and 38 tons protein. Teluk Nibung have fishmeal potentials to broiler feed.
The relationship between water quality and aquatic organisms in tidal lakes, Medan-Indonesia
Authors: Muhtadi A , Leidonald R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Siombak Lake is a tidal lake in Indonesia. The dynamics of the lake’s waters experience two high tides and two low tides within 24 hours (except during neap water). Groups of freshwater, brackish, and marine organisms make up Siombak Lake’s aquatic biota, which varies with the seasons and tidal conditions. The purpose of this study is to clarify how aquatic biodiversity in lakes is impacted by tidal dynamics. This research was conducted at Lake Siombak, Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Data collection was carried out from September 2018 to August 2019. The analysis carried out was a multivariate PCA analysis assisted by Microsoft Excel 2016 and Minitab. The research results show that tidal dynamics cause fluctuations and dynamics in lake water quality and lake biological communities. Plankton are aquatic organisms greatly influenced by water dynamics and water quality. Phytoplankton abundance is influenced by sunlight and nutrient levels, while TSS, salinity and phytoplankton abundance influence zooplankton abundance. The abundance and presence of fish are closely related to their food sources, namely zooplankton, crustaceans, and mollusks. The existence of these tidal dynamics provides sustainability and stability to the environment and ecosystem of Siombak Lake
Abudance of demersal fish by longline fishing gear in Sentang Waters, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Fadhilah A , Manalu J F , Hasibuan J S , Manurung V R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Demersal fish is the main catch for traditional fishermen using longline fishing gear in Sentang Beach waters located in Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. The high economic value of demersal fish is the focus of traditional fishermen to make it the main catch. This study aims to determine the composition of the catch and the abundance index of demersal fish caught by longline in the waters of Sentang Beach. The method used in this research is to use a random sampling method with the mechanism of joining fishermen to go to sea for one month every time fishermen go to sea in November 2022. The data analysis technique uses abundance index value analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the composition of demersal fish caught using longline fishing gear consisted of 5 species of fish namely Snapper (Lates calcarife), Threadfins (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), Pomfret (Pampus argenteus), Sagor catfish (Hexanematichthys sagor) and Mullet (Valamugil saheli) with the highest abundance index obtained by the mullet species. Obtained the highest relative relative abudance of fish found in Senangin species which is 100% and the lowest relative relative abudance of fish in the species of Snapper which is 1.14%.
An environmentally conscious waste management system in an effort to create a sustainable city (study of waste management systems at Syiah Kuala University)
Authors: Munandar A , Arahman N , Ramli I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Final Processing Site (TPA) is a place designated as a final stage waste management location. The increasing accumulation of waste can result in an increase in the volume and discharge of leachate generated through landfill management. Waste management can be implemented, one of which is supported by the existence of waste bank activities. Waste banking is a method implemented through the 3R concept (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle). This research aims to determine the waste management system at the Universitas Syiah Kuala Waste Bank, as well as supporting factors and strategies for increasing waste reduction. Improvements in waste bank management are analyzed using statistical tests, correlations and so on. The method used to determine whether waste bank management has improved is material flow analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) testing. The results of the material flow analysis show that based on the mass balance the reduction potential of waste that can be managed by the Universitas Syiah Kuala Waste Bank is 45.4%. The results of statistical tests show that the waste management system at the Universitas Syiah Kuala waste bank, Banda Aceh is quite good, seen from the knowledge factor reaching 90.6%, attitude at 88.4% and waste bank behavior at 91.3%.
Investigating the stability of encapsulated phycocyanin at acidic conditions using whey protein isolate as a wall material
Authors: Tedjakusuma F , Widyaningrum D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phycocyanin is a natural blue pigment derived from cyanobacteria and is usually used as a food colorant. However, phycocyanin is unstable in acidic conditions. In this research, we investigated the effect of encapsulation of phycocyanin using whey protein isolate (WPI) as the wall material to improve the stability at various pH and storage periods. Phycocyanin was extracted from dried Spirulina using a cold maceration method and subsequently encapsulated with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00% of WPI. Results showed that microencapsulation with WPI significantly reduced phycocyanin degradation compared to the control sample under acidic conditions ranging from pH 3.0 to 6.0. The control sample had 81.51±0.70% concentration degradation at pH 3.0. While 0.50% WPI had 50.48±1.27% degradation. Furthermore, microencapsulation exhibited a protective effect against phycocyanin degradation for 10 days of storage at 4°C in pH 4.0 and 5.0. Samples with 1.00% WPI demonstrated a lower concentration degradation each day compared to the control. WPI also demonstrated its efficacy in delaying concentration degradation at pH 4.0 and 5.0 for 8 to 10 days. Our result concluded that microencapsulation using WPI could improve the stability of phycocyanin in acidic conditions and storage periods.
Utilization of the tiwai plant (Eleutherine americana merr) as a functional instant drink containing antioxidant
Authors: Saragih B , Simamora A A B , Purba M O P , Rahmadi A , Saragih M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Utilization of the tiwai plant as a functional instant drink containing antioxidants, one of the product diversifications to increase farmers’ income. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of tiwai extract and palm sugar on physical properties, organoleptic, antioxidant activity, and glucose response. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 levels of treatment and 3 replications. The data obtained were analysed using variance, if it had an effect, a further test of Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was carried out, while the glucose response data was carried out by the T-test. The results showed that the comparative treatment of tiwai extract and palm sugar had no significant effect on hedonic taste, water content, ash content, Brix degree, precipitate, and glucose response. The water content obtained ranged from 3.67%-5.17%. The antioxidant activity values obtained ranged from 60.77 ppm to 153.81 ppm (strong to weak categories). Instant tiwai drink does not increase blood glucose levels, does not interfere with systolic and diastolic responses, and does not trigger an increase in heart rate.
Urease from Vigna umbellata seeds: isolation, partial purification, characterization and antifungal activity
Authors: Siregar N A , Choudhary M I , Wahab A T , Salar U , Munir E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Urease (EC 3.5.1.5) hydrolyzes urea to produce ammonia and carbamate. Urease can be synthesized by plants, fungi and bacteria. In agriculture, urease is needed efficiently to play a major role in the urea cycle as source of plant nitrogen in the soil. Rice beans (Vigna umbellata) are leguminous plants from the Fabaceae family that contain high urease activity. This study isolated urease from the seed coat and without the seed coat of rice beans. The urease activity in rice beans without seed coat was higher than that of the activity with seed coat. The amount of ammonia produced with the addition of 1 µL of urease enzyme of rice beans without seed coat was 13 µg which was higher than the amino produced from the seed coat sample (8.8 µg). The concentration of urease enzyme from rice beans was obtained at 7.238 mg/mL. Analyses of gel electrophoresis indicated that urease from rice beans are composed of four polypeptide chains with molecular weights of about 52, 33, 22 and 10 kDa. Then rice beans urease exhibited no antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium oxysporum subsp. lini, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida glabrata and Candida albicans.
Utilization of composite flour (red bean, catfish, oyster mushroom and tempeh formula flour) in making cookies
Authors: Bakara T L , Julianti E , Sinaga H , Lubis Z 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Local food ingredients can be used as alternative ingredients for cookie products to help ending hunger and overcome malnutrition are the objectives of SDG 2 and 3. This study aims to obtain the optimum cookie formula using composite flour from local food ingredients consisting of red bean flour, catfish flour, oyster mushrooms flour, and tempeh formula flour using the design expert program v.13 Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box Behnken Design/BBD. Independent variables are different levels of red bean flour (20-45 g), catfish flour (10-45 g), oyster mushroom flour (5-25 g), and tempeh formula flour (5-35 g) with 29 (twenty-nine) different runs of 4 (four) similar center points. Using goal settings for each response based on proximate composition achieved from the best definition of each response to achieve high-quality cookies, an optimum formulation of cookies was obtained at 44.21% red bean flour, 34.39% catfish flour, 7.46% oyster mushroom flour, and 20.52% tempeh formula flour, with a desirability level of 1.00.
Performance of greenhouse effect-hybrid type tray dryer in drying cloves
Authors: Khathir R , Nelwan L O , Sucipta M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The open sun drying method needs to be improved. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the greenhouse effect hybrid (GHE-hybrid) type tray dryer using solar and biomass energy in drying cloves as a sustainable dryer for future. The dryer has 10 series of thin layers at gap of 10cm and each layer contains of 4 separated trays by 0.80m x 0.75m cross-section. We had run 2 experiments at capacity of 72 and 244kg, respectively. Results showed that increasing the drying capacity will prolong the drying time. The low solar irradiation will also increase the use of biomass energy and the input energy in the system was dominated by biomass energy at level of 75%. The drying temperature ranged from 37 to 46°C. The humidity was relatively high while the air velocity in drying chamber was lower than 0.68m/s and non-uniformly distributed. The moisture of cloves was reduced below 14% in both experiment after 3 and 6 days drying, respectively. The thermal efficiency was about 14 to 15% and the drying efficiency was 17%. The use of GHE-hybrid dryer is promising to be used by farmers sustainably. However, the dryer needs some improvement on air circulation system.