bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual versus biannual azithromycin mass drug administration for the elimination of infectious trachoma in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis using data from individual communities
Authors: Zeru Taye , Keenan Jeremy David , Aragie Solomon , Degu Getu 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionTrachoma is an infectious eye disease caused byChlamydia trachomatisand the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. WHO recommends community-wide oral azithromycin treatment as part of its trachoma elimination strategy. WHO initially recommended mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin once per year for several years, followed by reassessment. However, some districts have failed to eliminate trachoma even after a decade of annual MDA with azithromycin. As a result, WHO has recently advocated for more frequent antibiotics in districts with persistent trachoma. Although no specific frequency of antibiotic distributions has been recommended, several randomised trials have compared annual with biannual mass azithromycin distributions. This review aims to synthesise the available data to assess the effectiveness of biannual azithromycin MDA relative to annual MDA.Methods and analysisPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar will be searched for studies comparing annual and biannual mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. Community-level data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Authors will be asked to contribute community-level data not available in the manuscript. The main outcome will beC. trachomatisinfection among 1–9-year-old children, expressed as a community-level prevalence. A secondary outcome will be the presence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular. The analysis will follow principles of a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis using complete case mixed-effects regression models with a random effect for study to model community-level prevalence data. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed with theI2statistic.Ethics and disseminationThe research will use community-aggregated data and is thus exempt from ethical approval. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024526120.
Multicentre, 26-week, open-label phase 2 trial of the JAK inhibitor filgotinib in Behçet’s disease, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and IgG4-related disease: DRIMID study protocol
Authors: Geertsema-Hoeve Bettina C , van Laar Jan A M , Raaphorst Joost , Tas Sander W , Welsing Paco M J , Goekoop Robbert J , Checa Cesar Magro , Thurlings Rogier M , Rekers Nicolle H , Present Erik , van Laar Jacob M 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionResearch into novel therapies for rare, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) faces significant challenges, including small patient populations, complex clinical trial design and difficulties in patient recruitment. Patients with Behçet’s disease (BD), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) typically undergo treatment involving prolonged administration of high-dose glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Both are associated with an increased risk of infection. Additionally, glucocorticoids carry long-term toxicity risks. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more targeted and effective anti-inflammatory treatments. Given the activation of the type 1 interferon pathway in BD, IIM and IgG4-RD, inhibition of the Janus kinase (JAK) STAT pathway emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy. The Drug Rediscovery in IMIDs (DRIMID) consortium aims to conduct a prospective pilot basket trial to investigate the effects of filgotinib, a JAK1 preferential inhibitor approved for ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis, on disease activity, quality of life and safety in patients with refractory BD, IIM and IgG4-RD.Methods and analysisIn this investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label phase 2 study, up to 60 patients with rare IMIDs will be enrolled for a 26-week treatment period with filgotinib 200 mg once daily. The trial consists of two stages, each involving a consecutively treated cohort of up to 20 patients per disease. An interim analysis is conducted between these stages, where the trial will proceed only in diseases showing potential effectiveness. Baseline, 3-month and 6-month assessments will include data on quality of life, disease activity, corticosteroid toxicity and biomarkers. The coprimary endpoints are disease activity and quality of life across and within each disease.Ethics and disseminationThe study received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee in Utrecht, Netherlands. A Data Safety Monitoring Board has been established to monitor the trial’s safety and progress.Trial registration numberNCT06285539.
Infrared illumination for difficult peripheral venous catheterisation in critically ill adult patients: the prospective, randomised, multicentre ICARE trial
Authors: Ouedraogo Rachida , Alves Aline , Bruant Amélie , Sy Oumar , Tabra Osorio Cécilia , Schortgen Frédérique , Chenal Amélie , Contou Damien , Krzyzaniak Laurence , Fartoukh Muriel , Le Joncour Marianne , Mongardon Nicolas , Ait Benaissa Latifa , Da Silva Daniel , Bouguerra Meriem , Demeret Sophie , Tanguy Dubois Stéphanie , Starczala Eric , Petyt Chirine , Schmidt Matthieu , Dezellus Séverine , Georger Jean Francois , Pallud Ann-Cécile , Carras Damien , Boussely Fabien , Audureau Etienne , Mekontso Dessap Armand 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe insertion of a peripheral venous line is of paramount importance in the stabilisation of critically ill patients. It is a preferred method of venous access over more invasive techniques due to its immediacy and fewer complications. Difficulties of catheterisation can result in delays to treatment, increased complication risks and pain, and a waste of valuable time and healthcare resources. Our hypothesis is that infrared vein illumination could improve the success rate of peripheral venous catheterisation in critically ill patients at risk of difficult catheterisation.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label controlled trial. It will be conducted in France and will involve critically ill patients at risk of difficult peripheral catheterisation. Patients will be randomly assigned to usual care or infrared vein illumination. The primary outcome is the rate of successful peripheral venous catheterisation at first puncture. Secondary outcomes include time to placement, overall rate of successful peripheral venous catheterisation, number of punctures, quality (calibre of the catheter), replacement rate, need for central line and local complications (dysfunction, diffusion, haematoma and lymphangitis).Ethics and disseminationThe study has been granted ethical approval (CPP Ile de France 1). Following the provision of informed consent, patients will be included in the study. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03932214.
Cross-sectional design and protocol for Artificial Intelligence Ready and Equitable Atlas for Diabetes Insights (AI-READI)
Authors: Owsley Cynthia , Matthies Dawn S , McGwin Gerald , Edberg Jeffrey C , Baxter Sally L , Zangwill Linda M , Owen Julia P , Lee Cecilia S 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionArtificial Intelligence Ready and Equitable for Diabetes Insights (AI-READI) is a data collection project on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to facilitate the widespread use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) approaches to study salutogenesis (transitioning from T2DM to health resilience). The fundamental rationale for promoting health resilience in T2DM stems from its high prevalence of 10.5% of the world’s adult population and its contribution to many adverse health events.MethodsAI-READI is a cross-sectional study whose target enrollment is 4000 people aged 40 and older, triple-balanced by self-reported race/ethnicity (Asian, black, Hispanic, white), T2DM (no diabetes, pre-diabetes and lifestyle-controlled diabetes, diabetes treated with oral medications or non-insulin injections and insulin-controlled diabetes) and biological sex (male, female) (Clinicaltrials.org approval number STUDY00016228). Data are collected in a multivariable protocol containing over 10 domains, including vitals, retinal imaging, electrocardiogram, cognitive function, continuous glucose monitoring, physical activity, home air quality, blood and urine collection for laboratory testing and psychosocial variables including social determinants of health. There are three study sites: Birmingham, Alabama; San Diego, California; and Seattle, Washington.Ethics and disseminationAI-READI aims to establish standards, best practices and guidelines for collection, preparation and sharing of the data for the purposes of AI/ML, including guidance from bioethicists. Following Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles, AI-READI can be viewed as a model for future efforts to develop other medical/health data sets targeted for AI/ML. AI-READI opens the door for novel insights in understanding T2DM salutogenesis. The AI-READI Consortium are disseminating the principles and processes of designing and implementing the AI-READI data set through publications. Those who download and use AI-READI data are encouraged to publish their results in the scientific literature.
The microvelocity of money in Ethereum
Authors: De Collibus Francesco Maria , Campajola Carlo , Tessone Claudio J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The transfer velocity of money is a macroeconomic quantity that measures the frequency of exchanges in an economy. For cryptoassets it can be exactly measured adopting a new approach, MicroVelocity. In this study we apply the framework to Ether, the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain, to investigate velocity and its top contributors and how they can be characterised in the Ethereum ecosystem. While the inequalities and heterogeneity in wealth are well known, we here find that the same inequalities occur as well for MicroVelocity distribution and that this inequality is not explained just by wealth, but rather by the behaviour and economic activity of each individual agent.
High-purity CTC RNA sequencing identifies prostate cancer lineage phenotypes prognostic for clinical outcomes
Authors: Sharifi Marina N. , Sperger Jamie M. , Taylor Amy K. , Tippins Katharine E. , Reese Shannon R. , Carreno Viridiana , Kaufmann Katherine R. , Chang Alex H. , Nunamaker Luke A. , Linebarger Charlotte , Mora-Rodriguez Leilani , Schehr Jennifer L. , Krause Hannah M. , Helzer Kyle T. , Bootsma Matthew L. , Blitzer Grace C. , Floberg John M. , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Emamekhoo Hamid , Heath Elisabeth I. , Wells Meghan , Tagawa Scott T. , Sjöström Martin , Choudhury Atish D. , Yu Menggang , Armstrong Andrew J. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Beltran Himisha , Nelson Peter S. , Feng Felix Y. , Dehm Scott M. , Kosoff David , Wei Xiao X. , McKay Rana R. , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of treatment resistance remains universal for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, driven by AR alterations and lineage state transitions. Identifying the evolution of lineage transitions in treatment resistance has been limited by the challenges of collecting serial tissue biopsies on treatment, which can be overcome using blood-based liquid biopsies. Utilizing a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation approach, we collected 273 CTC samples from 117 patients with metastatic prostate cancer for RNA sequencing. 146 samples from 70 patients had tumor purity comparable to tissue biopsies. We identified four CTC transcriptional phenotypes, mirroring lineage states identified in tissue. Patients with a luminal-B-like CTC phenotype defined by persistent AR signaling and high proliferation, as well as those with a neuroendocrine CTC phenotype, had significantly shorter survival than patients with luminal-A-like and low proliferation phenotypes. In a prospective substudy, pre-treatment CTC luminal-B-like phenotype was associated with early progression on 177Lu-PSMA-617.
High-dose methotrexate, ibrutinib, and temozolomide in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: a multicenter, prospective phase-II study
Authors: Gao Yan , Ping Liqin , Shan Changguo , Huang He , Li Zhiming , Zhou Hui , Lai Mingyao , Cai Linbo , Bai Bing , Huang Cheng , Chen Haoqing , Hong Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Huang Huiqiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Genetic alterations of chronic active B-cell receptor signaling often occur in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We conducted a phase-II trial of high-dose methotrexate plus ibrutinib and temozolomide (MIT) in the treatment of newly diagnosed PCNSL. A total of 35 patients were enrolled, with 33 patients included in the analysis. The best overall response rate was 93.9% and complete response rate was 72.7% for induction therapy. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 57.6% (95%CI: 49.0–66.2) and 84.8% (95%CI: 78.6–91.0). The incidence of grade ≧ 3 adverse events was 27.3% (10/33). Mutations in PIM1, MYD88, BTG2, and CD79B were most frequent among 475 genes tested by targeted sequencing of tumor and CSF samples at baseline. The consistency of ctDNA clearance from CSF/plasma and complete response on imaging were observed. Patients with clearance of ctDNA from CSF after two cycles achieved longer PFS (p = 0.044).
Brexucabtagene autoleucel versus allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Liebers Nora , Boumendil Ariane , Finel Hervé , Edelmann Dominic , Kobbe Guido , Baermann Ben-Niklas , Serroukh Yasmina , Blaise Didier , Beelen Dietrich Wilhelm. , Solano Carlos , Itälä-Remes Maija , van Meerten Tom , Choi Goda , Schmidt Susanne A C. , Kröger Nicolaus , Byrne Jenny , Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Ossami Saidy Anna , Nunes Ana , Siddiqi Rubina , Baro Elande , Zheng Dan , Kloos Ioana , Dreger Peter , Sureda Anna , Glass Bertram , Dietrich Sascha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) are effective treatments for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (r/r MCL), but the optimal choice remains unclear. We conducted an analysis of 64 r/r MCL patients aged ≥50 years treated with brexu-cel in the ZUMA-2 study, matching them 1:1 by propensity score to 64 (out of 272) r/r MCL patients who underwent alloHCT using data from the EBMT registry. Median follow-up time was 36.5 and 34.1 months for the brexu-cel and matched alloHCT cohort, respectively. Brexu-cel patients had a significantly higher overall survival (OS, 81.3% vs 59.2%, HR: 0.39, p=0.004) and lower non-relapse mortality (3.6% vs 21.2%, p=0.015) one year after treatment. Chronic graft-vs-host disease occurred in 26.9% of alloHCT patients within the first year. However, long-term progression-free survival and OS remain comparable. Despite limitations of this non-randomized study, it indicates a superior safety profile for brexu-cel in r/r MCL.
Coexisting Obesity and Malnutrition and its Impact on Stroke and Brain structure: Insights from UK Biobank study
Authors: Li Yajun , Zhang Pan , Xu Yingjie , Zhong Jinghui , Hu Miaomiao , Sun Wen , Zhang Buchun 
Published: February 2025

Background: The dual burden of malnutrition, characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and obesity, represents a growing concern in global health. This study examines the association of combined effects of obesity and malnutrition with the risk of stroke and brain structure.
Methods: Data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale population-based cohort study, were analyzed. Patients were stratified into nourished nonobese, malnourished nonobese, nourished obese, and malnourished obese. Malnutrition risk using objective scores, including the controlling nutritional status score (CONUT), nutritional risk index (NRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between combined obesity and nutritional status and incident stroke. Kaplan-Meier curves for incident stroke were constructed. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between combined obesity and nutritional status and brain structure.
Results: A total of 409,694 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 37930 participants had imaging data. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated a higher incidence of stroke in the malnourished obese group. Malnourished obese was found to increase the risk of stroke (HRCONUT 1.27, 95%CI [1.09 - 1.48]; HRNRI 2.61, 95%CI [2.03 - 3.36]; HRPNI 7.9, 95%CI [1.11 - 56.07]) , ischemic stroke (HRCONUT 1.29, 95%CI [1.08 - 1.54]; HRNRI 2.8, 95%CI [2.09 - 3.76]; HRPNI 8.43, 95%CI [1.19 - 59.83]) and hemorrhagic stroke (HRNRI 2.53, 95%CI [1.57 - 4.09]). Brain imaging analysis revealed associations between malnourished obese and certain structural parameters. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities may be associated with the occurrence of stroke.
Conclusion: Malnourished obese is associated with the risk of stroke and brain structure parameters. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for individuals with combined effects of obesity and malnutrition.
Loss of Endothelial TRPC1 Induces Aortic Hypercontractility and Hypertension
Authors: Zhu Yifei , Chu Yuan , Lan Yihui , Wang Sheng , Zhang Yizhi , Liu Yuan , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Fan , Ma Xin 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
The increasing prevalence of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types to vascular function for developing new treatment strategies. Previous studies have established a fundamental role of TRPC1 (transient receptor potential channel canonical family member 1) in blood vessels. However, little is known about its functional roles within different cell types.

METHODS:

We generated endothelial-specific TRPC1-deficient and knockin mice and analyzed their changes in vascular function under physiological and pathologically obese state. Wire myography, Ca
2+
image, blood pressure measurements, RNA-sequencing analysis, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, ELISA, luciferase reporter assay, and morphometric assessments were performed to unravel phenotype and molecular changes in response to the absence or presence of endothelial TRPC1.

RESULTS:

Loss of endothelial TRPC1 reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation and exaggerated endothelial-dependent contraction in mouse aorta. As expected, loss of endothelial TRPC1 amplified blood pressure and decreased acetylcholine-induced intracellular Ca
2+
concentration rise in the aorta. In endothelial-specific TRPC1-deficient mouse arteries, the mRNA profile identified upregulation of c-Fos (Fos proto-oncogene, activator protein-1 transcription factor subunit). Blockade of c-Fos rescued the impaired vasomotor tone in the aorta of mice deficient in endothelial TRPC1. Endothelial TRPC1-regulated nitric oxide/endothelin-1 production is involved in vascular c-Fos expression. Moreover, knockin of endothelial TRPC1 ameliorated enhanced endothelial-dependent contraction and hypertension in obese mice which is related to alleviated endothelial endothelin-1/c-Fos production and smooth muscle contraction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results identify endothelial TRPC1 as a previously unclear regulator of vascular changes and blood pressure in both physiological and pathologically obese state, and it is associated with nitric oxide/endothelin-1/c-Fos signaling.
The Murder of Smorguner, Tashkent, 1899. ‘Honour’, Class, and Antisemitism in the Late Imperial Russian Army Officer Corps
Authors: Morrison Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using court records and published accounts, this article explores the circumstances of a little-known murder which took place in Tashkent in 1899. The victim, Aaron Smorguner, was Jewish, and both a prominent lawyer and the editor of Russkii Turkestan, one of the few unofficial newspapers published in the region. His murderer, Col Arsenii Stashevskii, was the commander of one of the regiments of the local garrison. This article reconstructs the sequence of events which led to the murder, and assesses its significance for understanding the culture of ‘honour’ and antisemitism in the late imperial Russian army officer corps when contextualised within the empire as a whole. This violent episode also sheds significant light on the setting for the murder – colonial Tashkent – and the role played by the military within Russian society there.
Inconsistent Fast and Slow Responses of East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Forced by Black Carbon
Authors: Fang Chenwei , Zhu Bin , Pan Chen , Qian Peng , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Yanlin , Lu Chunsong , Liao Hong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region, teeming with anthropogenic black carbon (BC), lacks clarity on the fast and slow responses of EASM precipitation and other atmospheric water cycle processes to BC forcings. Through Community Earth System Model, version 1, simulations with an atmospheric water tracking (AWT) method, fast atmospheric adjustments and slow sea surface temperature (SST)-meditated responses of EASM to BC are found inconsistent, and the summertime precipitation anomaly exhibits a “positive–negative” and “negative–positive” meridional pattern, respectively. Quantitative AWT results highlight the dominant influences of BC-induced atmospheric dynamics adjustments in shaping the EASM precipitation anomaly pattern. The impacts of moisture transport by the southwesterlies, primarily from tropical Indian Ocean, overweigh those of surface evaporation changes, governing both fast and slow precipitation responses. Tropospheric warming from high BC concentrations over northern East Asia in the fast response creates a positive meridional temperature gradient anomaly at the lower level of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ) center. This weakens EASWJ, leading to significant upper-level convergence at 200 hPa and anomalous descending motion north of 30°N, reducing precipitation over North China. Compensatory ascending motion and low-level convergence south of 30°N enhance precipitation over South China. Conversely, BC-induced SST warming in the Indo-Pacific warm pool generates a negative meridional temperature gradient anomaly and strengthens EASWJ, leading to an opposite slow precipitation response pattern. Overall, the total EASM responses manifests as a “wetter–drier–wetter” meridional precipitation pattern and slightly strengthened circulation, aligning with the main structures of interdecadal summer precipitation anomalies over East Asia in recent years reported in previous observational studies.

Significance Statement
Black carbon (BC), the most influential absorbing aerosol with warming effects second only to greenhouse gases, poses significant risks to human health and the climate. East Asia, a major contributor to global BC loading, is recognized as one of the largest monsoon regions, with its summer hydrological processes being sensitive to BC forcings. Our study utilizes an Earth system model coupled with an atmospheric water tracking method and reveals the opposing effects of BC-induced fast atmospheric adjustments and slow SST-meditated climatic responses on East Asian summer monsoon precipitation. Emphasis is placed on the dominant role of moisture transport related to the BC-induced atmospheric circulation adjustments in governing both fast and slow summer precipitation responses over East Asia.