bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HORMONAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE AFTER OVARIAN ELECTROCAUTERY OR PITUITARY DESENSITIZATION
Authors: GADIR AHMED ABDEL , KHATIM MOHAMED S. , MOWAFI RAOUF S. , ALNASER HUDA M. I. , ALZAID HUSSEIN G. N. , SHAW ROBERT W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEleven patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) were treated by laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery and nine with a long‐acting luteinizing hormone releasing agonist (LHRH‐A) for 8 weeks. Both groups showed equivalent significant decreases in their 6‐h mean values of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) measured in 25 samples collected every 15 min. Patients treated with ovarian electrocautery showed significant increases in their 6‐h mean values of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and insulin with variable oestradiol (E2) responses. The magnitude of change following treatment was significantly greater for LH than for FSH. Buserelin medication did not cause persistent significant changes in the levels of insulin or FSH but it did cause a significant reduction in the 6‐h mean values of E2. We conclude that LH is the gonadotrophin primarily affected after pituitary desensitization and ovarian electrocautery. Furthermore, there is no direct correlation between the levels of circulating insulin and testosterone in patients with PCO.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SINGLE‐DOSE GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY AS AN ADJUVANT TO GONADOTROPHIN TREATMENT FOR OVULATION INDUCTION
Authors: HOMBURG R. , WEST C. , TORRESANI T. , JACOBS H. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOne intramuscular injection of biosynthetic human growth hormone (24 IU), administered on the first day of gonadotrophin treatment for ovulation induction, significantly augmented the ovarian response to gonadotrophic stimulation in seven patients. Compared with a protocol involving six injections of 24 IU of GH given on alternate days to the same patients, the smaller dose had an intermediate but highly significant effect in reducing the amount, duration of treatment and daily effective dose of hMG needed to induce ovulation. The difference between the effect of the one‐dose and six‐dose protocols was small. The action of growth hormone on the human ovary, probably mediated by insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), appears effective in enhancing the response to gonadotrophin therapy even when given in a single dose.
EFFECTS OF IMPROVED BLOOD GLUCOSE ON INSULIN‐INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA, TRH, GnRH AND EXERCISE TESTS IN INSULIN‐DEPENDENT DIABETES
Authors: WÜRZBURGER M. I. , PRELEVIC G. M. , SÖNKSEN P. H. , PERIC L. A. , TILL S. , MORRIS R. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to evaluate effects of metabolic control on pituitary function in insulin‐dependent diabetes exercise, hypoglycaemia (insulin tolerance test), thyrotrophin releasing hormone and gonadotrophin releasing hormone, tests were performed on 25 patients before (Study 1) and after 2 weeks of improved metabolic control (Study 2). Patients were sub‐divided into C‐peptide negative (CpN, 10 patients with no residual C‐peptide secretion) and C‐peptide positive (CpP, 15 patients with residual beta‐cell function) groups for analysis of results. Exercise induced higher growth hormone responses in CpN patients independent of metabolic control (P < 0.001). Thyrotrophin releasing hormone induced higher growth hormone responses in CpN patients; this response was threefold greater after improved control (P < 0.005). Growth hormone and cortisol response to hypoglycaemia and thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin secretion in response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone were unaffected by residual beta‐cell function or metabolic control. Luteinizing hormone response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone in CpN patients was impaired and lower after improved control (P < 0.002). The results indicate an association between residual pancreatic insulin secretory and hypothalamic/pituitary function, possibly reflecting central neurosecretion of insulin.
PLASMA C19 STEROID SULPHATE LEVELS AND INDICES OF ANDROGEN BIOAVAILABILITY IN FEMALE PATTERN ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA
Authors: MONTALTO J. , WHORWOOD C. B. , FUNDER J. W. , YONG A. B. W. , CALLAN A. , DAVIES H. E. , CONNELLY J. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFemale pattern androgenic alopecia (AA) is a relatively common endocrine abnormality in premenopausal women. However, unlike hirsutism, little is known about the androgen metabolism and plasma C19 steroid sulphate profiles in this disorder. We have therefore measured the plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA‐S), 5‐androstene‐3β, 17/β‐diol sulphate (5‐ADIOL‐S), 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol sulphate (3α‐DIOL‐S), androstenedione (AD), total testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), non‐SHBG bound T, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and have calculated the free androgen index (FAI): 100 × T (nmol/1) ÷ SHBG (nmol/1), in premenopausal women with AA (n= 25‐45) and in normal premenopausal women (n= 17–73). While mean plasma concentrations of DHEA‐S and T were not significantly different from controls, mean SHBG concentrations were significantly lower (47 ± 3 vs 64±3 nmol/1) and the mean free androgen index (4.4±0.4 vs 2.4±0–2), and mean concentrations of free testosterone (45 ± 5 vs 26 ± 1.4 pmol/ 1), non‐SHBG bound T (0.9 ±0.2 vs 0.6±0.1 nmol/1) and androstenedione (4.3±0.3 vs 3.4±0.2 nmol/1) were significantly elevated in women with AA. Furthermore, mean plasma concentrations of 5‐ADIOL‐S (512±42 nmol/1) and 3a‐DIOL‐S (76±7 nmol/1) were significantly higher than levels found in normal women (272±12 nmol/1 and 52±2 nmol/1 respectively). The nature of the hyperandrogenism associated with AA may thus only be revealed by a comprehensive plasma androgen and androgen sulphate profile, which may explain apparently aberrant data for a given patient. In addition, 5‐ADIOL‐S and 3α‐DIOL‐S may serve as excellent plasma markers of both the existence of the disorder and the efficacy of its treatment.
SECRETORY DYNAMICS OF OESTRADIOL (E2) AND PROGESTERONE (P4) DURING PERIODS OF RELATIVE PITUITARY LH QUIESCENCE IN THE MIDLUTEAL PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: ROSSMANITH W. G. , LAUGHLIN G. A. , MORTOLA J. F. , YEN S. S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAlthough the temporal relationship between pulsatile pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and steroid hormone release from the corpus luteum has been investigated, the secretory profiles of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) during periods without any discernible LH pulsatile activity remain unknown. Consequently, blood was sampled at 15‐min intervals for 24 h from 16 women during the midluteal phases (6–8 days after midcycle LH surge) of their cycles. LH was measured in all samples and analysed for significant pulses by the Cluster pulse algorithm. Nine studies showing the lowest LH pulse frequencies and large LH pulse amplitudes were also assessed for E2 and P4 in all samples. All three hormones were released in pulsatile fashions. Pulses of E2 and P4 were found to be synchronous. While the release frequencies for E2 (mean±SEM: 8.9±0.7 pulses/24 h) and P4 (8.5±0.7 pulses/24 h) were comparable, the LH pulse frequency (4.6 ±0.4 pulses/ 24 h) was found to be significantly (P< 0.001) lower than the ovarian steroid pulse frequencies. Maximum (P<0.01) cross‐correlation coefficients were determined at positive time lags of 28.1 ± 7.7 min for LH/E2 and 31.7 ± 5.8 min for LH/P4, indicating that changes in E2 or P4 levels tended to occur within approximately 30 min following LH concentration changes. Further, the degree of concomitance between a steroid pulse and an LH peak was much higher (P< 0.001) than by chance. Maximum (P<0.01) cross‐correlation coefficients between E2 and P4 hormonal data series were found at zero time lag, suggesting that these sex steroids were secreted simultaneously. The pulse amplitudes, pulse durations and areas under the peaks of those E2 or P4 pulses preceded by large (> 5IU/1) amplitude LH pulse were significantly greater (P<0.05 or less for all comparisons) than for steroid pulses not associated with preceding LH pulses. Thus, two populations of steroid pulses were observed; one associated with preceding LH pulses and having greater magnitude of all pulse attributes (duration, amplitude, area under the peaks), and another, not associated with preceding LH pulses and having pulse characteristics of lower magnitude. This observation suggests that the pulsatile release of ovarian steroids is a result of the episodic modulating influence of LH and that pulsatile steroid hormone secretion pertains with smaller magnitude during periods of relative pituitary quiescence of LH pulsatility.
GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE: A COMPARISON OF WOMEN WITH NORMAL CYCLES, LUTEAL PHASE DEFECTS AND DISTURBED FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SCHWEIGER ULRICH , TUSCHL REINHARD , BROOCKS ANDREAS , PIRKE KARL‐MARTIN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to study the relationship between episodic gonadotrophin secretion and alterations of ovarian hormone secretion, we examined women with normal menstrual cycles (n= 26), luteal phase defects (n= 10) or disturbed follicular oestradiol secretion (n= 8) as established by daily (except weekends) determinations of oestradiol and progesterone. Pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion was studied during the luteal phase or the second half of the menstrual cycle sampling at IS min intervals for 12 h. LH and FSH mean concentrations and LH pulse frequency were significantly (P<0.01) increased in the group with disturbed follicular development in the presence of decreased oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. In women with luteal phase defects mean LH and FSH concentrations and pulsatile LH secretion showed a nonsignificant trend to lower values in the presence of significantly decreased P4 concentrations during the luteal phase.
LATE ONSET ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA IN A GROUP OF IRISH FEMALES WHO PRESENTED WITH HIRSUTISM, IRREGULAR MENSES AND/OR CYSTIC ACNE
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN B. , BARRETT P. , FINCH T. , DEVLIN J. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to determine the frequency of late‐onset adrenal hyperplasia due specifically to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency in a group of Irish women who presented at a Dublin Clinic with symptoms of hyperandrogenism, including hirsutism, menstrual irregularities and/or cystic acne, and to determine if those with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency showed particular HLA associations. 119 women had blood samples taken basally and 1 h after an injection of 0.25 mg synacthen with the following hormones profiled: 17‐hydroxyprogester‐one, 11‐deoxycortisol, androstenedione, testosterone, DHEAS and Cortisol. Blood sampling was carried out between 0900 and 1000 h during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (when applicable). Ninety‐six subjects were new referrals to the Clinic for investigation of hyperandrogenism and 23 were acting as controls. In this study, 6% of patients showed evidence of partial 21‐hydroxylase deficiency. In addition, 3 of the 6 with partial 21‐hydroxylase deficiency had normal baseline levels of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, with the biochemical abnormality becoming manifest only on synacthen stimulation. Late‐onset adrenal hyperplasia due to partial deficiency of this enzyme should always be considered as a possible diagnosis in women who present with symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Synacthen stimulation is an important diagnostic tool in elucidating partial enzyme deficiency as baseline 17‐hydroxyprogesterone may be normal in such patients.
THE EFFECTS OF SUBMAXIMAL ENDURANCE EXERCISE UPON LH PULSATILITY
Authors: McARTHUR JANET W. , GILBERT IAN , HENERY ROBERT J. , QUINN JACQUELINE , PERRY LESLIE , CRAMER DEREK , KIRKLAND MARK , PEDOE DAN S. TUNSTALL , REES LESLEY H. , BESSER G. MICHAEL , TURNBULL BARRY A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe acute effects of submaximal endurance exercise (three consecutive 20‐min runs on a treadmill at 50,60 and 70% of the subjects' maximum oxygen uptake) upon the pulsatile release of LH were compared with those accompanying leisurely strolling for a similar period in seven normally menstruating young women. All trials were conducted during the early to mid‐luteal phase, as determined by body temperature patterns, ultrasonic scans of the ovaries, detection of the LH surge in first morning urine specimens, and serial measurements of plasma progesterone. Blood was sampled every 10 min via an indwelling cannula for 8 h before and 12 h after exercise and serum LH measured by radioimmunoassay. LH pulsations were analysed by a time series method. Following cannulation, mean LH levels declined but then rose to reach a maximum 2 h before the beginning of the exercise bout. LH concentrations remained virtually unchanged during exercise itself, and exhibited a declining trend throughout the post‐exercise period. The findings in the two groups were similar in all respects, except that in the control study the rate of LH pulsatility was significantly diminished (P<0.05) during the first 2 h of sampling as compared with the subsequent 2‐h period. The approximate half‐life of LH varied from 27 to 57 min, with a mean of 41 min.
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist suppressive treatment of ovarian function decreases serum LH‐β and bloactive LH but maintains elevated levels of LH‐α
Authors: Lemay Andre , Lourdusamy Mettllda 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTen patients with endometriosis were treated by a continuous subcutaneous infusion of the GnRH agonist buserelin for 6 months. Although serum oestradiol decreased into the menopausal range within 2 weeks after starting treatment, serum LH levels as measured by immunoassay remained elevated at least fivefold over baseline during the entire treatment. However, the bloactivity of LH as determined by mouse Leydlg cell assay was rapidly lost, changing the mean ± SEM bioactivity/Immunoassay ratio from 2·4 ± 0·5 before treatment to 0·4 ± 0·01 after only 1 week of medication. When LH‐α and LH‐β immunoreactlvities were assessed by specific antibodies, the serum LH‐α profile was parallel to immunoreactive LH whereas the LH‐β profile corresponded to the pattern of bioactive LH. LH‐α was elevated at least tenfold over baseline whereas LH‐β decreased to less than 35% of pretreatment level. The α/β ratio shifted from 1·3 ± 0·2 before treatment to 0·04·0 ± 06 after 2 weeks of buserelin infusion. Thus In response to continuous buserelin exposure, the gonadotrophin releases excessive amounts of LH having predominant LH‐α immunoreactivity. The effective loss of LH bloactivity would be related to decreased LH‐β submits. The significance of high levels of LH‐α or possibly modified LH molecules remains to be evaluated during GnRH agonist treatment using well characterized assays
Intravenous aminobisphosphonate in Paget's disease: clinical, biochemical, histomorphometric and radiological responses
Authors: Fenton Anna J. , Gutteridge Donald H. , Kent G. Nell , Price Roger I. , Retallack Robert W. , Bhagat Chotoo I. , Worth Graeme K. , Thompson Richard I. , Watson Ian G. , Barry‐Walsh Caltriona , Matz Leonard R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Intravenous 3‐amino‐l‐hydroxypropylidene‐1, 1‐blsphosphonic acid (APD) was used to treat 26 patients with Paget's disease. Three daily dosages were studied; 20–30 mg/day in 20 patients, 45 mg/day in three patients and 60 mg/day in three patients, by daily 4‐hour Infusions for 2–10 days. The fasting urinary hydroxyprollne excretion (Hype) declined exponentially, reaching 50% of pretreatment values at 1·92±0·16 (mean±SEM) days. This initial rapid decline was complete by 4 days following treatment to a mean of 28·0±3·4% of pretreatment values. Thereafter, there was no significant decline in Hype. The Initial rate of decline of Hype was unchanged by Increasing the daily dose of APD. Transient non‐symptomatic hypocalcaemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism occurred In all patients. No adverse changes In the renal handling of calcium or phosphate, as seen with high‐dose 1‐hydroxyethylldene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate (EHDP), were seen in any patient on any daily dose. Fever occurred In 73% of patients in the first 2 days of treatment. Overall, there was a significant fall In the lymphocyte count (P> 0·005 febrile group, n=19; P> 0·02 non‐febrile group, n=7) and a fever‐dependent rise in the neutrophil count (P> 0·005 febrile group only). The occurrence of fever was associated with a more rapid decline in Hype, compared to the non‐febrile group, so that Hype was significantly lower in the febrile group by day 5 (P > 0·025). Seventy‐two per cent of patients with bone and/or joint pain reported a reduction in pain. APD therapy resulted in repair or arrest of progression of Pagetic lytlc bone lesions in those seven patients with measurable lesions. Quantitative histomorphometry was performed in eight patients. Significant Improvement was seen in all Indices. In the six patients for whom a post‐treatment calcification rate could be deter‐mined, there was no evidence of a mineralization defect. All patients with mild‐moderate disease (Hype > 10 μmol/IGF) achieved normal Hype and alkaline phosphatase values following a single course of APD. Provided that pretreatment Hype was · 10 μmol/IGF, an upper limit for the total dose of APD required to achieve normalization of Hype could be estimated. For those patients with ‘severe’ disease (defined as Hype > 10 μmot/1 GF), a reduction of > 50% In Hype could be achieved readily, but biochemical normalization was not possible with a single course of up to 315 mg of APD.
Abnormalities in fasting circulating proinsulin concentration in mild gestational diabetes
Authors: Dornhorst A. , Davies M. , Anyaoku V. , Hampton S. M. , Elkeles R. S. , Beard R. W. , Johnston D. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Fasting plasma proinsulln, Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured In ten women with mild gestational diabetes and ten controls matched for race, age (32·6 vs 31 ±6 years), body mass index (28·8 vs 27·6) and gestational week (24·4 vs 25 ± 4 weeks). There was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose between these gestational diabetics and their controls (median 4·7, range 3·7–6·0 mmol/l vs 4·5, range 3·4–5·3 mmol/l). The fasting proinsulin levels were significantly higher in the gestational diabetics compared with the controls (median 12·2, range > 4–14·8 pmol/l vs 5·8, range > 4–12·8 pmol/l, P ± 0·02, Wilcoxon Summed Rank Test), while the calculated intact insulin levels (immunoreactive insulin minus proinsulin) were significantly lower (median 14·5, range 6·3–81·8 pmol/l vs 51·6, range 11·7–312 pmol/l, P± 0·01). The ratio of proinsulin to calculated Intact insulin was significantly higher in the gestational diabetics than the controls (median 0·66, range 0·16–2·04 vs 0·12, range 0·03–0·62), P± 0·01). These results demonstrate that gestational diabetics, with normal fasting plasma glucose values, have abnormalities In pancreatic β‐cell secretion, which are likely to be Important both in the aetiology of gestational diabetes and non‐Insulin dependent diabetes.
Episodic ACTH and cortisol secretion in normal children
Authors: Wallace W. H. B. , Crowne E. C. , Shalet S. M. , Moore C. , Gibson S. , Utley M. D. , White A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to determine the normal relationship between ACTH and cortisol secretion in children. Fourteen children (nine male, five female; median age 11·3 years) were hospitalized and blood samples were taken every 20 min for 24 h. A circadian rhythm was observed with median 0900 h and midnight ACTH values of 1·80 and > 0·97 pmol/l, and for cortisol 296 and 62 nmol/l respectively. The median (range) areas under the curve for ACTH and cortisol were 29·7 (9·0–53·8) pmol/l/h and 5114 (3562–8630) nmol/l/h respectively. There were no significant differences detected for ACTH and cortisol secretion between males and females, or between prepubertal (n= 9) and pubertal subjects (n= 5). Using a novel form of time series analysis we have shown that both ACTH and cortisol are secreted with a dominant periodicity of 0·7–1·0 h, representing 24–34 secretory episodes of ACTH and cortisol In 24 h. For cortisol, but not ACTH, there is a significant secondary periodicity of 2–3·2 h. To look for shared periodicities we have used the technique of coherency. This reveals that for six of the children ACTH and cortisol are secreted with a significant shared periodicity of 0·8–1·0 h, and for a further five children a similar secondary shared periodicity Is present. Therefore in normal children ACTH and cortisol secretion are Interdependent and episodic but are not influenced by either pubertal status or gender.
The impact of ovarian laser surgery on the gonadotrophin secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease
Authors: Rossmanith Winfried G. , Keckstein Jörg , Spatzler Kristine , Lauritzen Christian 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY To evaluate the effects of ovarian surgery on the deranged episodic gonadotrophin release of women with the poly‐cystic ovarian disease (PCOD), we studied 11 patients with the clinical and endocrinological features of PCOD before and after Iaparoscopic laser coagulations of ovarian surfaces and cysts. During both occasions, blood was collected at 15‐min intervals for 8 h to determine LH and FSH secretory profiles and additionally for 3 h during GnRH Injections (25 pg twice within 2 h) to assess pituitary responsiveness. Serum testosterone, androstendione and oestrogen (oestrone, oestradlol) levels were markedly reduced (P > 0·05 or less) after surgery. Mean LH concentrations declined (P > 0·001), while FSH levels Increased (P > 0·01) following laser treatments. The LH pulse frequencies (by Cluster analysis) did not change after ovarian surgery, but the LH pulse amplitudes were markedly reduced (P > 0·01). Lower (P > 0·05 or less) LH concentrations were attained in response to GnRH challenges, and the stimulated FSH release also tended to decrease after laser treatments. Thus, ovarian surgery In PCOD women resulted in reduced serum sex steroid concentrations and In divergent effects on serum LH and FSH levels. The attenuated pituitary LH responsiveness after ovarian surgery suggests action of sex steroids primarily at the pituitary site, while the Increase In FSH concentrations may be attributed to other factors selectively modulating FSH release.
Phorbol ester, not growth hormone releasing factor, consistently stimulates growth hormone release from somatotroph adenomas in culture
Authors: Emoto Naoya , Ohmura Eiji , Isozaki Osamu , Tsushima Toshio , Shizume Kazuo , Demure Hiroshi 
Published: March 2008

Summary In order to study the mechanism of GH secretion from somatotroph adenoma cells, we have compared the effect of 12–O‐tetradecanoyl phorboi‐13‐acetate (TPA) with that of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) on GH secretion from human somatotroph adenoma cells cultured in monolayer. Pituitary adenoma cells were obtained from 13 patients with acromegaly undergoing surgery. On the 7th day of culture, the cells were exposed for 2 h to secretagogues. All 13 adenoma cell cultures (100%) responded to TPA (1·6–16·0 nmol/I) with a two‐ to six‐fold increase in GH release (240·37% Increase of control: mean±SE). The response was detectable within 10 min, and was maximal at 2 h. Phosphollpase C (7·7 mmol/I) also stimulated a two‐to ten‐fold Increase In GH release in all four adenomas examined (100%). GH release was stimulated by GRF (2·0 nmol/I) in eight out of 12 adenoma cells (67%), but the magnitude of the responses to GRF (60·18% Increase of control: mean ± SE) were much smaller than that of TPA. Five out of 13 adenomas secreted detectable amount of PRL Into the medium and these five adenomas (100%) responded to TPA (16·0 nmol/I) with a two‐ to six‐fold Increase. These observations indicate that the activation of protein kinase C is the consistent stimulator in GH and PRL secretion In human somatotroph adenoma cells. However, It is not determined whether the protein kinase C