bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Man is but a worm: Chordate origins
Authors: Brown Federico D. , Prendergast Andrew , Swalla Billie J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe origin of chordates remains one of the major puzzles of zoology, even after more than a century of intense scientific inquiry, following Darwin's “Origin of Species”. The chordates exhibit a unique body plan that evolved from a deuterostome ancestor some time before the Cambrian. Molecular data gathered from phylogenetics and developmental gene expression has changed our perception of the relationships within and between deuterostome phyla. Recent developmental gene expression data has shown that the chordates use similar gene families and networks to specify their anterior‐posterior, dorsal‐ventral and left‐right body axes. The anterior‐posterior axis is similarly established among deuterostomes and is determined by a related family of transcription factors, the Hox gene clusters and Wnt signaling pathways. In contrast, the dorsal‐ventral axis is inverted in chordates, compared with other nonchordate invertebrates, while still determined by expression of BMP signaling pathway members and their antagonists. Finally, left‐right asymmetries in diverse deuterostomes are determined by nodal signaling. These new data allow revised, testable hypotheses about our earliest ancestors. We present a new hypothesis for the origin of the chordates whereby the expansion of BMP during dorsal‐ventral patterning allowed the evolution of noneural ectoderm and pharyngeal gill slits on the ventral side. We conclude that “Man is but a worm…,” that our chordate ancestors were worm‐like deposit and/or filter feeders with pharyngeal slits, and an anterior tripartite unsegmented neurosensory region. genesis 46:605–613, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B and CD4+ T‐cell expression of TLR2 is critical for optimal induction of a T‐cell‐dependent humoral immune response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Vasilevsky Sam , Chattopadhyay Gouri , Colino Jesus , Yeh Tze‐Jou , Chen Quanyi , Sen Goutam , Snapper Clifford M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTLR2−/− mice immunized with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) elicit normal IgM, but defective CD4+ T‐cell‐dependent type 1 IgG isotype production, associated with a largely intact innate immune response. We studied the T‐cell‐dependent phosphorylcholine (PC)‐specific IgG3 versus the T‐cell‐independent IgM response to Pn to determine whether TLR2 signals directly via the adaptive immune system. Pn‐activated TLR2−/− BMDC have only a modest defect in cytokine secretion, undergo normal maturation, and when transferred into naïve WT mice elicit a normal IgM and IgG3 anti‐PC response, relative to WT BMDC. Pn synergizes with BCR and TCR signaling for DNA synthesis in purified WT B and CD4+T cells, respectively, but is defective in cells lacking TLR2. Pn primes TLR2−/− mice for a normal CD4+ T‐cell IFN‐γ recall response. Notably, TLR2−/− B cells transferred into RAG‐2−/− mice with WT CD4+T cells, or TLR2−/− CD4+T cells transferred into athymic nude mice, each elicit a defective IgG3, in contrast to normal IgM, anti‐PC response relative to WT cells. These data are the first to demonstrate a major role for B‐cell and CD4+ T‐cell expression of TLR2 for eliciting an anti‐bacterial humoral immune response.
Human IgA‐secreting cells induced by intestinal, but not systemic, immunization respond to CCL25 (TECK) and CCL28 (MEC)
Authors: Sundström Patrik , Lundin Samuel B. , Nilsson Lars‐Åke , Quiding‐Järbrink Marianne 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOrgan‐specific homing of lymphoid cells depends on the expression of tissue‐specific adhesion molecules and production of specific chemokines. CCL25 (TECK) and CCL28 (MEC) have been reported to direct circulating memory/effector B cells to mucosal tissues. Here, we examined if differential responsiveness to mucosal and systemic chemokines could explain the differential migration pattern of circulating human antibody‐secreting cells (ASC), induced by mucosal and systemic immunization. There was a robust migration of specific IgA‐ and IgM‐ASC induced by Salmonella vaccination toward the mucosal chemokines CCL25 and CCL28. In contrast, tetanus‐specific ASC migrated to the systemic chemokine CXCL12 (SDF‐1α) and showed no response to CCL25 or CCL28, not even tetanus‐specific IgA‐ASC. Cell sorting experiments demonstrated that Salmonella‐specific ASC co‐expressed CCR9 and CCR10. Our results show that induction site, rather than isotype commitment, determines the chemokine responsiveness and migration pattern of human effector B cells.
The evaluative face of a descriptive model: Communion and agency in Peabody's tetradic model of trait organization
Authors: Peeters Guido 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn important strand of research on cognitive trait organization is connected with Peabody's (1967) tetradic model stressing two non‐evaluative dimensions: tight–loose and assertive–unassertive. The relationship of this model with the communion/agency model involving two evaluative dimensions is discussed and empirically investigated. It is shown that the models are orthogonally related suggesting four trait categories: agentic tight–loose, communal tight–loose, agentic assertive–unassertive and communal assertive–unassertive. Implications are discussed regarding the interpretation of stereotype contents, the validity of the tetradic and communion/agency models and the development of a functionalist approach of social perception and judgment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expectations about the accuracy and stability of warmth versus competence traits: An intergroup analysis
Authors: Kenworthy Jared B. , Tausch Nicole 
Published: November 2008

AbstractParticipants rated the expected accuracy and stability of ascribed traits for ingroup or outgroup targets. Traits were derived from theoretical models distinguishing between the content dimensions of warmth and competence. Positive and negative warmth and competence traits were paired with either Black or White first names, and participants rated the expected trait accuracy and stability. Positive traits were rated as having more accuracy and stability than were negative traits. Warmth traits were rated as having more accuracy and stability than were competence traits. For negative warmth traits, trait accuracy was rated significantly lower for ingroup than for outgroup targets, but no ingroup–outgroup difference was found for positive warmth traits. For both negative warmth and negative competence traits, trait stability was rated lower for ingroup than for outgroup targets, but no ingroup–outgroup differences were found for positive warmth or competence traits. The present findings support the primacy of positive over negative traits and of warmth over competence traits in estimating the accuracy and stability of trait ratings, but also suggest that trait‐relevant expectations differ as a function of group membership. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life's recurring challenges and the fundamental dimensions: An integration and its implications for cultural differences and similarities
Authors: Ybarra Oscar , Chan Emily , Park Hyekyung , Burnstein Eugene , Monin Benoît , Stanik Christine 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe propose that two psychological dimensions, one relevant to relationships and group life (communion, C) and the other to skill acquisition, talent, and accomplishment (agency, A), aid people in interpreting their social worlds. Moreover, our analysis demonstrates the privileged nature of the C dimension and its relative stability compared to the A dimension across contexts and cultures. In Study 1 we use a standard compilation of culturally universal practices and show that the C dimension accounts for the majority of these universals, implying that the meaning of A traits varies more across cultures than that of C traits. In Studies 2 and 3, we provide evidence for this proposal using different judgment paradigms and cultural groups. The findings indicate that there is greater similarity and consensus in how people make sense of and judge information from the C than A dimension. We discuss the findings in terms of the recurring challenges people face over time as a result of living in groups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We're warmer (they're more competent): I‐sharing and African‐Americans' perceptions of the ingroup and outgroup
Authors: Pinel Elizabeth C. , Long Anson E. , Crimin Leslie A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractResearchers currently know very little about how African‐Americans regard themselves and their salient outgroup (i.e., European‐Americans). The current study examines how experiences with individual ingroup and outgroup members affect these evaluations on two key dimensions in intergroup research: warmth and competence. In particular, the study asks what effect I‐sharing (i.e., sharing a subjective experience) with an African‐American or a European‐American has on African‐Americans' perceptions of the warmth and competence of their ingroup and outgroup. Results revealed an ingroup preference on the dimension of warmth when participants had I‐shared with a fellow African‐American but not when they had I‐shared with a European‐American. No such ingroup preference emerged on the dimension of competence. Instead, participants exhibited an outgroup preference on this dimension after I‐sharing with a European‐American. The discussion entertains possible explanations for these differential effects of I‐sharing on judgments of the ingroup and outgroup. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an operationalization of the fundamental dimensions of agency and communion: Trait content ratings in five countries considering valence and frequency of word occurrence
Authors: Abele Andrea E. , Uchronski Mirjam , Suitner Caterina , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDespite many convergences in theorizing and research on the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment the operationalizations differ considerably across studies and possible confounds (valence, frequency of word occurrence) are not always controlled. The present study was meant as a first step towards a more standardized operationalization by providing trait words which are clearly distinct in content (agency and communion) but comparable in valence and frequency of word occurrence in written language across different countries. We created a pool of 304 trait adjectives and reduced this pool in several pretests to a list of 69 trait words. These were clearly different in content and covered a large range of valence. In the main study N = 548 participants from five countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and USA) rated the 69 trait words on agency, communion and valence. The results were quite consistent across countries. The trait adjectives' agency ratings and communion ratings were negatively correlated; valence was correlated with communal content, but not with agentic content; word frequency was barely related to the content ratings. Cluster analyses suggest four clusters of trait words. Based on these findings we propose sets of agentic and communal trait words which do not differ in valence and word frequency. These item‐sets can serve as a first step towards a standardized operationalization of the two fundamental content dimensions across languages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural seismic response analysis based on multiscale approach of computing fault–structure system
Authors: Ichimura T. , Hori M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStructural safety for earthquake waves emitted from a nearby fault is a major concern. For a large complex structure, it might be desired to estimate its seismic response by analyzing a fault–structure system: a full three‐dimensional model in which a source fault and a target structure are modeled so that fault processes, wave propagation and amplification processes, and resulting dynamic responses of the structure can be computed numerically. To analyze this fault–structure system, this paper proposes an efficient approach based on multiscale analysis, i.e. waves emitted from the source fault are computed in the entire system in the geological length‐scale; then they are refined in a small part of the system that includes the structure, and the seismic response of the structure is accurately computed in the engineering length‐scale. Using a long highway tunnel as an example, this paper examines the validity of the proposed approach. The usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach to estimate the structural seismic responses are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations into the benefits of base isolation for non‐symmetric rigid blocks
Authors: Contento A. , Di Egidio A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper the influence of base isolation on the behaviour of a work of art has been analysed. To make things more realistic, the work of art has been modelled with a non‐symmetrical rigid body, sitting on a base that is connected to a visco‐elastic device, which represents the passive control system. To prevent the breaking of the isolation device, security stops have been introduced to limit the displacement of the oscillating base to a maximum safety value. All analyses have been carried out comparing the behaviour of the non‐isolated and the isolated non‐symmetric rigid body subject to impulsive and seismic excitations. The analysis is particularly focused on the effects of the eccentricity of the rigid body and on the presence of the security stops. Generally, base isolation improves the behaviour of the system while the presence of an eccentricity makes the performance of the system worse with respect to the symmetric rigid body. Moreover the security stops, although they preserve the isolator devices, cause a worsening in the performance of the systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a MYO18A‐PDGFRB fusion gene in an eosinophilia‐associated atypical myeloproliferative neoplasm with a t(5;17)(q33‐34;q11.2)
Authors: Walz Christoph , Haferlach Claudia , Hänel Annette , Metzgeroth Georgia , Erben Philipp , Gosenca Darko , Hochhaus Andreas , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Reiter Andreas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChromosomal aberrations of 5q31‐33 associated with rearrangements of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) gene are rare but recurrent in patients with eosinophilia‐associated atypical myeloproliferative neoplasms (Eos‐MPNs). We used a DNA‐based “long‐distance inverse PCR” (LDI‐PCR) to identify a new MYO18A‐PDGFRB fusion gene in an Eos‐MPN with associated t(5;17)(q33‐34;q11.2). MYO18A is the fourth partner gene after BCR, ETV6 and SPTBN1 that fuses to more than one tyrosine kinase gene. Treatment with imatinib (400 mg/day) led to rapid and sustained complete hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular remission. Patients with PDGFRB fusions genes are excellent candidates for treatment with imatinib; complete cytogenetic and even molecular remissions are common while primary or secondary resistance seems to be very rare. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient method for distributing wind speeds over heterogeneous terrain
Authors: Winstral Adam , Marks Danny , Gurney Robert 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHigh spatial variability of wind over mountain landscapes can create strong gradients in mass and in energy fluxes at the scale of tens of metres. Variable winds are often cited as the cause of high heterogeneity in snow distribution in non‐forested mountain locations. Distributed models capable of capturing the variability in these fluxes require a time series of distributed wind data at a comparably fine spatial scale. Application of atmospheric and surface wind flow models in these regions has been limited by our ability to represent this complex process in a computationally efficient manner. Simplified models based on terrain and vegetation parameters are not as explicit as more complex, fluid‐flow models, but are computationally efficient for real‐time operational use. We developed and applied a simplified wind model based on analysis of upwind terrain to predict wind speeds across diverse topographies at three mountainous research locations. Each site was instrumented with a network of wind sensors to capture the full range of wind variability present. Differences in upwind topography were significantly related (p < 0·0001) to wind‐speed differences between sites. Wind speeds at each sensor location were modelled from each of the other intra‐site locations as if data from only one sensor were available. The wind model explained 69% of the observed variance with a mean absolute prediction error of 0·8 m/s, 19% of the observed wind mean. These results were very encouraging given the inherent complexity and profound variability of processes determining wind patterns in these systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zerumbone, a tropical ginger sesquiterpene, inhibits colon and lung carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Kim Mihye , Miyamoto Shingo , Yasui Yumiko , Oyama Takeru , Murakami Akira , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: November 2008

AbstractZerumbone (ZER), present in subtropical ginger Zingiber zerumbet Smith, possesses anti‐growth and anti‐inflammatory properties in several human cancer cell lines. ZER also down‐regulates the cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression via modulation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation in cell culture systems. These findings led us to investigate whether ZER is able to inhibit carcinogenesis in the colon and lung, using 2 different preclinical mouse models. In Exp. 1, a total of 85 male ICR mice were initiated using a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg bw) and promoted by 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days for rapid induction of colonic neoplasms. Animals were then fed the diet containing 100, 250 or 500 ppm ZER for 17 weeks. In Exp. 2, a total of 50 female A/J mice were given a single i.p. injection of 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (10 μmol/mouse) to induce lung proliferative lesions. They were then fed the diet mixed with 100, 250 or 500 ppm ZER for 21 weeks. At the termination of the experiments (wk 20 of Exp. 1 and wk 22 of Exp. 2), all animals were subjected to complete necropsy examination to determine the pathological lesions in both tissues. Oral administration of ZER at 100, 250 and 500 ppm significantly inhibited the multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinomas. The treatment also suppressed colonic inflammation. In the lung carcinogenesis, ZER feeding at 250 and 500 ppm significantly inhibited the multiplicity of lung adenomas in a dose‐dependent manner. Feeding with ZER resulted in inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of NFκB and heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 expression in tumors developed in both tissues. Our findings suggest that dietary administration of ZER effectively suppresses mouse colon and lung carcinogenesis through multiple modulatory mechanisms of growth, apoptosis, inflammation and expression of NFκB and HO‐1 that are involved in carcinogenesis in the colon and lung. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seliciclib (CYC202, R‐roscovitine) enhances the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in vivo in a breast cancer xenograft model
Authors: Appleyard Maria Virginia C.L. , O'Neill Mary A. , Murray Karen E. , Paulin Fiona E.M. , Bray Susan E. , Kernohan Neil M. , Levison David A. , Lane David P. , Thompson Alastair M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe sought to determine whether seliciclib (CYC202, R‐roscovitine) could increase the antitumor effects of doxorubicin, with no increase in toxicity, in an MCF7 breast cancer xenograft model. The efficacy of seliciclib combined with doxorubicin was compared with single agent doxorubicin or seliciclib administered to MCF7 cells and to nude mice bearing established MCF7 xenografts. Post‐treatment cells and tumors were examined by cell cycle analysis, immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR. Seliciclib significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of doxorubicin without additional murine toxicity. MIB1 (ki67) immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment. The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or in combination, compared to untreated controls. However, no changes in p53 protein (DO1, CM1), survivin or p53 phosphorylation (SER15) were observed in treated tumors compared with controls. In conclusion, the CDK inhibitor seliciclib (R‐roscovitine) enhances the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in MCF7 tumors without increased toxicity with a mechanism that involves cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesenchymal stem cell secretion of chemokines during differentiation into osteoblasts, and their potential role in mediating interactions with breast cancer cells
Authors: Molloy Alan P. , Martin Fiachra T. , Dwyer Roisin M. , Griffin Tomas P. , Murphy Mary , Barry Frank P. , O'Brien Timothy , Kerin Michael J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOver 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer will develop bone metastases for which there is no cure. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and their derivative osteoblasts are subpopulations of cells within the bone marrow environment, postulated as potential interacting targets for disseminating cancer cells because of their ability to secrete a range of chemokines. This study aimed to investigate chemokine secretion throughout MSC differentiation into osteoblasts and their effect on the breast cancer cells. Primary MSCs and osteoblast progenitors were cultured in appropriate conditions to induce differentiation into mature osteoblasts. Chemokines secreted throughout differentiation were detected using ChemiArray and ELISA. Migration of breast cancer cells in response to the bone‐derived cells was quantified using Transwell inserts. Breast cancer cells were cocultured with MSCs, retrieved using magnetic beads, and changes in CCL2 expression were analyzed. MSCs secreted a range of factors including IL‐6, TIMP‐1 and CCL2, the range and level of which changed throughout differentiation. CCL2 secretion by MSCs increased significantly above control cells as they differentiated into mature osteoblasts (p < 0.05). The bone‐derived cells stimulated migration of breast cancer cells, and this was inhibited (21–50%) in the presence of a CCL2 antibody. CCL2 gene expression in breast cancer cells was upregulated following direct coculture with MSCs. The varying levels of chemokines secreted throughout MSC differentiation may play an important role in supporting tumor cell homing and progression. These results further highlight the distinct effect MSCs have on breast cancer cells and their potential importance in supporting development of metastases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.