bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Doppler assessment of diastolic and systolic alterations of radial and longitudinal left ventricular motions in Golden Retrievers during the preclinical phase of cardiomyopathy associated with muscular dystrophy
Authors: Chetboul Valérie , Carlos Carolina , Blot Stephane , Thibaud Jean Laurent , Escriou Catherine , Tissier Renaud , Retortillo Jose Luis , Pouchelon Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To quantify radial and longitudinal left
ventricular free wall (LVFW) velocities in dogs during
the preclinical phase of Golden Retriever muscular
dystrophy (GRMD)-associated cardiomyopathy by use
of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).

Animals—9 dogs with GRMD and 6 healthy control
dogs.

Procedure—All dogs (< 3 years old) were examined
via conventional echocardiography and 2-dimensional
color TDI. Myocardial velocities in the LVFW were
recorded from right parasternal ventricular short-axis
(radial motion) and left apical 4-chamber (longitudinal
motion) views. Cardiac assessments via TDI included
maximal systolic and early and late diastolic LVFW
velocities in the endocardial and epicardial layers (for
radial motion) and in the basal and apical segments
(for longitudinal motion).

Results—No notable ventricular dilatation or alteration
of inotropism was detected in dogs with GRMD
via conventional echocardiography. Compared with
healthy dogs, endocardial velocities were significantly
decreased in dogs with GRMD, resulting in marked
decreases in radial myocardial velocity gradients during
systole and early and late diastole. Similarly, basal
and apical velocities were significantly decreased in
systole and the former also in early diastole, resulting
in significant decreases in the 2 corresponding longitudinal
myocardial velocity gradients. The radial epicardial
and longitudinal late diastolic velocities were
comparable in the 2 groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that GRMD-associated cardiomyopathy in dogs
is associated with early marked dysfunction of both
radial and longitudinal LVFW motions. These combined
regional myocardial abnormalities might be useful
criteria for detection of dilated cardiomyopathy at
the preclinical stage of the disease in dogs. (Am J Vet
Res 2004;65:1335–1341)
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of dietary proteins in cats and the influence of the canning process
Authors: Cave Nicholas J. , Marks Stanley L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize the antigen-specific immune response to dietary proteins in cats and evaluate whether there was a qualitative or quantitative difference between the responses to dietary proteins when those proteins were fed unprocessed or as part of a canned diet.Animals—14 healthy domestic shorthair cats.Procedure—Cats were fed 2 dietary proteins (soy and casein) either as unprocessed aqueous suspensions or as part of canned diets for 21 days. Serum IgG and IgA and salivary IgA were assayed by indirect ELISA, and antigen-specific proliferation of mesenteric lymph node-derived lymphocytes was determined.Results—Robust serum IgG and IgA responses to dietary proteins were elicited, irrespective of the form in which they were fed. Salivary IgA responses to unprocessed proteins were not detected. However, a significant salivary IgA response to the protein isolated from the canned casein diet was observed in cats fed canned casein but not in those fed unprocessed casein. Lymphocyte proliferation to the antigens was slight, and there were no significant differences between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that cats develop robust serum IgG and IgA responses to dietary proteins when fed as either aqueous suspensions or as part of canned diets. For certain proteins, there may be an increase and a qualitative difference in the immunogenicity of canned diets, compared with unprocessed proteins. Canned diets may not be ideal for management of cats with enteritis. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1427–1433)
Evaluation of a rapid single multiplex microsatellite-based assay for use in forensic genetic investigations in dogs
Authors: Clark Leigh Anne , Famula Thomas R. , Murphy Keith E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To develop a set of microsatellite markers,
composed of a minimal number of these markers,
suitable for use in forensic genetic investigations
in dogs.

Sample Population—Blood, tissue, or buccal epithelial
cells from 364 dogs of 85 breeds and mixed
breeds and 19 animals from related species in the
family Canidae.

Procedure—61 tetranucleotide microsatellite markers
were characterized on the basis of number and size of
alleles, ease of genotyping, chromosomal location, and
ability to be coamplified. The range in allele size, number
of alleles, total heterozygosity, and fixation index for each
marker were determined by use of genotype data from
383 dogs and related species. Polymorphism information
content was calculated for several breeds of dogs.

Results—7 microsatellite markers could be coamplified.
These markers were labeled with fluorescent
dyes, multiplexed into a single reaction, and optimized
for resolution in a commercial genetic analyzer.
The multiplex set was used to identify sires for 2
mixed litters. The test was not species specific; genotype
information collected for wolves, coyotes, jackals,
New Guinea singing dogs, and an African wild
dog could not distinguish between these species.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This set of 7
microsatellite markers is useful in forensic applications
(ie, identification of dogs and determination of
parentage) in closely related animals and is applicable
to a wide range of species belonging to the family
Canidae. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1446–1450)
Effect of clopidogrel on tissue-plasminogen activator-induced in vitro thrombolysis of feline whole blood thrombi
Authors: Hogan Daniel F. , Ward Michael P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine if clopidogrel enhanced the thrombolytic rate of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) on an in vitro feline whole blood thrombosis model.Animals—9 purpose-bred cats.Procedure—Blood obtained from cats before (baseline) and after treatment with clopidogrel (75 mg, PO, q 24 h for 3 days) was anticoagulated with sodium citrate (9:1 volume-to-volume ratio) to which 1 µCi of I125- fibrinogen was added. Thrombi were formed by the addition of calcium chloride and bovine thrombin. Thrombi were placed into autologous plasma to which 0.1 mg of t-PA was added. Plasma samples were collected at different time points to determine the amount of released I125-fibrin split products. Thrombolytic rates were calculated by determining the time to 25%, 50%, and 75% thrombolysis (t25, t50, and t75, respectively). Confidence intervals for t25, t50, and t75at baseline were compared with those after treatment.Results—There were no significant differences in thrombolytic rates between values obtained at baseline and after clopidogrel treatment (t25, 18.0 vs 18.5 minutes; t50, 63.3 vs 65.6 minutes; and t75, 163.0 vs 170.1 minutes, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clopidogrel did not have an effect on the rate of thrombolysis of feline whole blood thrombi induced by t-PA in this in vitro model. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:715–719)
Effect of medetomidine on breathing and inspiratory neuromuscular drive in conscious dogs
Authors: Lerche Phillip , Muir III William W. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of the α2-adrenoceptor
agonist medetomidine on respiratory rate
(RR), tidal volume (VT), minute volume (VM), and central
respiratory neuromuscular drive as determined by
inspiratory occlusion pressure (IOP) during increasing
fractional inspired concentrations of carbon dioxide
(FiCO2) in conscious dogs.

Animals—6 healthy dogs (3 males and 3 females).

Procedure—Dogs were administered 0, 5, or 10 µg of
medetomidine/kg IV. We measured RR, VT, VM, and
IOP for the first 0.1 second of airway occlusion
(IOP0.1) during FiCO2 values of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and
7.5% at 15 minutes before and 5, 30, and 60 minutes
after administration of medetomidine.

Results—Increases in FiCO2 significantly increased
RR, VT, and VM. The IV administration of 5 and 10 µg
of medetomidine/kg significantly decreased RR and
VM at 5, 30, and 60 minutes for FiCO2 values of 2.5%
and 5.0% and at 30 and 60 minutes for an FiCO2 value
of 7.5%. The IOP0.1 was decreased after 30 minutes
only for an FiCO2 value of 7.5% in dogs administered
5 and 10 µg of medetomidine/kg. The IOP0.1 was
decreased at 60 minutes after administration of 10 µg
of medetomidine/kg for an FiCO2 value of 7.5%.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The IV administration
of medetomidine decreases RR, VM, and
central respiratory drive in conscious dogs.
Medetomidine should be used cautiously and with
careful monitoring in dogs with CNS depression or
respiratory compromise. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:
720–724)
Effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on cytokine messenger RNA expression following viral challenge in calves
Authors: Miao Congrong , Woolums Amelia R. , Zarlenga Dante S. , Brown Corrie C. , Brown James C. , Williams Shamita M. , Scott Melissa A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in intranasally vaccinated calves after bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) challenge.Animals—Twelve 8- to 12-week-old calves.Procedures—Calves received modified-live BRSV vaccine (vaccinated) or spent tissue culture medium (mock-vaccinated) intranasally, followed by challenge 30 days later with BRSV, or mock challenge with spent tissue culture medium (mock-challenge controls). Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA was measured in lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells, pharyngeal tonsils, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was measured in lungs and BAL fluid cells by reverse transcriptase-competitive polymerase chain reaction assay.Results—Resistance to clinical signs of disease was conferred in vaccinated calves. Expression of TNF-α mRNA in lungs and BAL fluid cells was higher in mock-vaccinated calves than control or vaccinated calves. In the lung, IL-4 mRNA expression was higher in vaccinated calves than control or mock-vaccinated calves. In pharyngeal tonsils, expression of mRNA for IL-4 and IFN-γ was higher in mock-vaccinated calves than control calves. In tracheobronchial lymph nodes, IFN-γ mRNA expression was higher in mock-vaccinated calves than vaccinated calves.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although vaccinated calves had decreased clinical signs of disease after BRSV challenge, compared with mock-vaccinated calves, this difference was not related to a T helper type 1 bias, as determined by increased expression of interferon-γ mRNA relative to interleukin-4 mRNA in lungs, BAL fluid cells, or tracheobronchial lymph nodes of vaccinated calves. Pulmonary inflammation was decreased in vaccinated calves as determined by decreased expression of TNF-α mRNA. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:725–733)
Objective determination of pelvic movement during hind limb lameness by use of a signal decomposition method and pelvic height differences
Authors: Kramer Joanne , Keegan Kevin G. , Kelmer Gal , Wilson David A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate pelvic movement over a large number of strides in sound horses and in horses with induced hind limb lameness by applying methods to the pelvis that have been described for evaluating vertical head movement in horses with induced forelimb lameness.Animals—17 adult horses.Procedure—Horses were filmed while trotting on a treadmill before and after induction of transient mild and moderate hind limb lamenesses. Vertical pelvic movement was measured by a signal decomposition method. The vertical pelvic signal was decomposed into a periodic component (A1) that occurred at half the stride frequency (representing vertical pelvic movement caused by lameness) and another periodic component (A2) that occurred at stride frequency (representing normal vertical pelvic movement of a trotting horse). Vertical pelvic and foot positions were correlated for each stride to compare the difference between the minimum and maximum heights of the pelvis during and after stance of the right hind limb to the minimum and maximum heights of the pelvis during and after stance of the left hind limb.Results—Maximum pelvic height difference and lameness amplitude (A1) differed significantly between sound and mild or moderate hind limb lameness conditions. Mean A1 value for vertical pelvic movement in sound horses was less than that previously reported for vertical head movement.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pelvic height differences and signal decomposition of pelvic movement can be used to objectively evaluate hind limb lameness in horses over a large number of strides in clinical and research settings. (Am J Vet Res2004;65: 741–747)
Effects of flunixin meglumine or etodolac treatment on mucosal recovery of equine jejunum after ischemia
Authors: Tomlinson Julia E. , Wilder B. Osbone , Young Karen M. , Blikslager Anthony T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To examine the effects of flunixin meglumine and etodolac treatment on recovery of ischemicinjured equine jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion.Animals—24 horses.Procedure—Jejunum was exposed to 2 hours of ischemia during anesthesia. Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (12 mL, IV, q 12 h), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), or etodolac (23 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h). Tissue specimens were obtained from ischemic-injured and nonischemic jejunum immediately after ischemia and 18 hours after recovery from ischemia. Transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and transepithelial flux of tritium-labeled mannitol measured mucosal permeability. Denuded villous surface area and mean epithelial neutrophil count per mm2 were calculated. Western blot analysis for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 was performed. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin and etodolac and eicosanoid concentrations were determined.Results—Ischemic-injured tissue from horses treated with flunixin and etodolac had significantly lower TER and increased permeability to mannitol, compared with that from horses treated with saline solution. Epithelial denudation after ischemia and 18 hours after recovery was not significantly different among treatments. Both COX-1 and -2 were expressed in ischemic-injured and nonischemic tissues. Ischemia caused significant upregulation of both COX isoforms. Eicosanoid concentrations were significantly lower in tissues from flunixin and etodolac-treated horses, compared with that from horses treated with saline solution.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Flunixin and etodolac treatment retarded recovery of intestinal barrier function in jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion, whereas tissues from horses treated with saline solution recovered baseline values of TER and permeability to mannitol. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:761–769)
Investigation of pulmonary deposition of a nebulized radiopharmaceutical agent in awake cats
Authors: Schulman Rhonda L. , Crochik Sonia S. , Kneller Stephen K. , McKiernan Brendan C. , Schaeffer David J. , Marks Steven L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether conscious, unsedated cats will inhale a nebulized material administered via a facemask and whether this material will reach the lower airways.Animals—20 healthy adult cats.Procedure—Technetium Tc99m-diaminetriaminopentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) was nebulized into a spacer and administered to the cats via a closely fitting facemask. By use of a gamma camera, images were then immediately obtained to determine the distribution of99mTc-DTPA within the lower airways.Results—Images obtained by use of the gamma camera revealed that all 20 cats had inhaled99mTc-DTPA from the facemask. In each cat, deposition of the radiopharmaceutical agent was evident throughout the lung fields.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Awake cats that were not used to the application of a facemask did inhale substances from such a device. Aerosolization of medications may be a feasible route of administration for cats with lower airway disease. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:806–809)
Effect of transport stress on respiratory disease, serum antioxidant status, and serum concentrations of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in beef cattle
Authors: Chirase Norbert K. , Greene L. Wayne , Purdy Charles W. , Loan Raymond W. , Auvermann Brent W. , Parker David B. , Walborg Earl F. , Stevenson Donald E. , Xu Yong , Klaunig James E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of transportation stress on serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers of calves.Animals—105 crossbred beef steer calves (mean [± SD] body weight, 207 ± 21.2 kg).Procedure—Calves were assembled at 1 location in Tennessee, and pretransit (day –3) blood samples were collected. Calves were allotted randomly by body weight into 2 groups. Calves were transported 1,930 miles to a feedlot in Texas, and 1 group received tilmicosin phosphate (33 µg/kg, SC) upon arrival. Calves were weighed and blood samples collected on the day of arrival (day 1) and on days 15, 22, and 28. Calves were scored daily for signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TACA) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined.Results—Transportation stress significantly decreased mean serum TACA concentrations (from 147 ± 31.2 U/mL to 133 ± 20.1 U/mL) and significantly increased serum MDA concentrations (from 10.9 ± 18.3 µg/mL to 30.2 ± 50.5 µg/mL). Calves that died had a 43% increase in serum MDA concentration on day 1, compared with calves that lived (42.2 ± 67.0 µg/mL vs 29.4 ± 49.4 µg/mL, respectively). Calves that had ≥ 3 episodes of BRD had 2-fold higher serum MDA concentrations on day 1 than healthy calves. Tilmicosintreated calves had a 20.8% significantly greater average daily gain and significantly greater serum TACA concentration than nontreated calves on day 28.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transportation stress increases serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers that are related to episodes of BRD and mortality in calves. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:860–864)
Evaluation of antiviral activity and toxicity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a in calves persistently infected with type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Peek Simon F. , Bonds Michael D. , Schaele Patrick , Weber Sarah , Friedrichs Kristin , Schultz Ronald D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate antiviral activity and toxicity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a in calves persistently infected with noncytopathic type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).Animals—5 Holstein heifers, 4 to 12 months of age.Procedures—Calves persistently infected with noncytopathic type 1 BVDV were treated with recombinant human interferon alfa-2a every other day for 12 weeks. Viral loads were measured during the treatment period and compared with pre- and post-treatment values. Complete physical examinations were performed weekly, and calves were observed daily for signs of systemic illness. Complete blood counts and serum biochemical analyses were performed before, during, and after the treatment period. Because calves developed anemia during the treatment period, bone marrow biopsy specimens were collected. Antirecombinant human interferon alfa-2a antibody concentrations in serum samples obtained before, during, and after the treatment period were measured by use of an ELISA.Results—Recombinant human interferon alfa-2a had no antiviral activity against noncytopathic type 1 BVDV in persistently infected calves. All calves developed microcytic anemia during the treatment period that persisted for up to 13 weeks after cessation of treatment. Anti-interferon antibodies were detected during the treatment period and persisted for at least 2 weeks after cessation of treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because of lack of in vivo antiviral activity against BVDV, recombinant human interferon alfa-2a has little promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of BVDV infection, at least in persistently infected cattle. Furthermore, treatment was associated with adverse immunologic and hematologic effects. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:865–870)
Leuprolide acetate treatment of adrenocortical disease in ferrets
Authors: Wagner Robert A. , Bailey Elizabeth M. , Schneider John F. , Oliver Jack W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of leuprolide acetate, a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, in ferrets with adrenocortical diseases.Design—Case series.Animals—20 ferrets with adrenocortical disease diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and plasma sex hormone concentrations.Procedure—Ferrets were treated with leuprolide (100 µg, IM, once), and plasma hormone concentrations were measured before and 3 to 6 weeks after treatment.Results—Leuprolide treatment resulted in significant reductions in plasma estradiol, 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations and eliminated or reduced clinical signs associated with adrenocortical disease. Decreases in vulvar swelling, pruritus, and undesirable sexual behaviors and aggression were evident 14 days after treatment; hair regrowth was evident by 4 weeks after treatment. The response to treatment was transitory, and clinical signs recurred in all ferrets. Mean ± SEM time to recurrence was 3.7 ± 0.4 months (range, 1.5 to 8 months).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that leuprolide can be safely used to temporarily eliminate clinical signs and reduce sex hormone concentrations in ferrets with adrenocortical diseases. However, the safety of long-term leuprolide use in ferrets has not been investigated, and the long-term effects of leuprolide in ferrets with nodular adrenal gland hyperplasia or adrenal gland tumors are unknown. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1272–1274)
Effects of finasteride on size of the prostate gland and semen quality in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Sirinarumitr Kaitkanoke , Johnston Shirley D. , Kustritz Margaret V. Root , Johnston Gary R. , Sarkar Dipak K. , Memon Mushtaq A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride on prostatic diameter and volume, semen quality, and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone concentrations in dogs with spontaneous benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).Design—Double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Animals—9 dogs with BPH.Procedure—Five dogs were treated with finasteride for 16 weeks (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg [0.05 to 0.23 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h); the other 4 received a placebo. Prostatic diameter, measured radiographically, prostatic volume, measured ultrasonographically, semen quality, and serum DHT and testosterone concentrations were evaluated before and during treatment. After receiving the placebo for 16 weeks, the 4 control dogs were treated with finasteride for 16 weeks, and evaluations were repeated.Results—Finasteride significantly decreased prostatic diameter (mean percentage decrease, 20%), prostatic volume (mean percentage decrease, 43%), and serum DHT concentration (mean percentage decrease, 58%). Finasteride decreased semen volume but did not adversely effect semen quality or serum testosterone concentration. No adverse effects were reported by owners of dogs in the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that finasteride can be used to reduce prostatic size in dogs with BPH without adversely affecting semen quality or serum testosterone concentration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1275–1280)