bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Relaxation Techniques in Cases with Attempted Suicide: An Original Research
Authors: Das Gita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study was done for the efficacy assessment of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and various relaxation techniques in patients with suicidal tendencies.

Methodology:
The study was conducted among 150 patients of attempted suicide for a period of 2 years (January 2017 to January 2019). The participants were randomly allocated into three groups, with 50 patients each receiving CBT, JPMR, and combined treatment (groups I, II, and III, respectively). The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) score were used for pre- and postassessment of depression in the patients. Student’s t- and Chi-square tests were used for analyzing the data recorded.

Results:
We observed that in group II, the index scores did not change after a period of 2 years with a P > 0.05. However, in groups I and II, the scores significantly decreased with P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
A combination of relaxation techniques and CBT will help improve the depression related to suicidal tendencies.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in Major Depressive Disorders: An Original Research
Authors: Das Gita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present study assessed the benefits of cognitive behavioral treatment in patients suffering from major depressive disorders.

Methodology:
Hundred patients were included in the present study. The cases were assigned alternatively to the experimental group, who received cognitive behavior therapy in addition to the antidepressant medications, whereas in the control group, patients were managed using medications. Four outcome measures were used, viz., Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Visual Analog Scale. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data using SPSS.

Results:
The highest number of subjects (55%) were found in the age group of 15-25 years. The mean Beck Depression Inventory score in the experimental group was 35.60 (standard deviation 9.52) and in the control group, it was 26.40 (standard deviation 8.26) giving a mean difference of 9.20 which is statistically significant.

Conclusion:
It was found that the patients who received cognitive behavior therapy reported greater improvement in their symptomatology than the patients who were receiving medications only.
Effect of Tobacco Use on Semen in Infertile Male
Authors: Kanetkar Sujata R. , Mohite Sushant , Kadam Rohit S. , Gupta Nilesh , Vadhel Chirag R 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background/Objective/Methods:
Infertility is one of the major global public health issues. In a social setup like India, there is a strong emphasis on childbearing, which leads to economic and psychological stress and trauma. Various studies have shown that worldwide, there is a decline in the quality of semen. Many environmental, nutritional, and lifestyle factors are responsible for the reduced semen quality. The methods of this study are the source of data, the method of collection of data, and statistical analysis.

Results:
Semen analysis is an important diagnostic test in the assessment of infertility in male partners. Ninety-eight semen samples were analyzed from the patients who presented with the complaint of infertility over a period of 2 years (June 2018–May 2020).

Conclusion:
Based on our analysis, it can be inferred that an escalation in the intensity of tobacco consumption is directly associated with a proportional decline in sperm count and motility and a notable increase in liquefaction time.
The Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in 13-15 Years Old School Going Children of Mehsana District, Gujarat: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Patel Khyati V. , Kubavat Ajay , Prajapati Nikunj , Choudhary Sushmita , Vaghela Alpesh , Shah Kashyap 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The current study’s objective was to find out the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment in 13- to 15-year-old school students in the Mehsana District of Gujarat using the IOTN.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological survey was planned among 13- to 15-year-old school-going children of Mehsana district. The sample comprised of 1290 school children. DHC-IOTN was applied to evaluate normative need for orthodontic treatment. Perceived orthodontic treatment was described by the Aesthetic component of the IOTN index.

Results:
Results showed that 33.7 percent of participants required little/no treatment need, 43.9 percent of participants required moderate orthodontic treatment need, and 22.4 percent of participants required severe orthodontic treatment need in the district.

Conclusion:
To prepare for public orthodontic and dental services, the current study provides baseline data on the need for orthodontic treatment among school-aged children.
Effectiveness of Different Retention Protocols in Preventing Posttreatment Relapse After Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Alayyash Afnan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
After undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment, maintaining the achieved results and preventing relapse remains a significant concern. Various retention protocols have been proposed to address this issue, but their comparative effectiveness is not well-established.

Materials and Methods:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different retention protocols in preventing posttreatment relapse following comprehensive orthodontic treatment. A sample of 150 orthodontic patients who had completed their treatment was included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups based on the retention protocol they received: Group A (Hawley retainers), Group B (Essix retainers), and Group C (permanent retainers). Patients’ dental casts were obtained at the end of the treatment (T0) and six months after treatment (T1). Various measurements, including anterior and posterior occlusal changes, were recorded.

Results:
The results revealed that Group C (permanent retainers) showed the least amount of relapse compared to Groups A and B. In Group C, the mean anterior relapse was 0.2 mm, while in Groups A and B, it was 1.0 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively. Similarly, the mean posterior relapse in Group C was 0.1 mm, whereas in Groups A and B, it was 0.8 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. These findings indicate that permanent retainers were more effective in preventing relapse compared to removable retainers.

Conclusion:
In preventing posttreatment relapse after comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent retainers demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to Hawley and Essix retainers.
Assessing the Efficacy of Cold Laser Therapy vs. Traditional Methods in Managing Post-Endodontic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al Attas Mustafa Hussein , Maria Rahul D. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The background of the study highlighted the common occurrence of post-endodontic pain and the need for effective pain management strategies.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the cold laser therapy (CLT) group and the traditional methods group (TMG). The CLT group received laser treatment at the affected area immediately following endodontic treatment, whereas the TMG received standard pain management techniques such as analgesics. Pain levels were assessed using a visual analog scale at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post treatment. Pain scores were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including analysis of variance, and P values were calculated to determine the significance of differences between groups.

Results:
This study found significant differences in post-endodontic pain levels between CLT and standard procedures. At 6 hours post treatment, the CLT group had a mean pain score of 2.1 ± 0.8, whereas the TMG had a mean pain score of 3.8 ± 1.2 (P = 0.012). Pain levels in the CLT group decreased with time, with scores decreasing to 1.5 ± 0.6 at 12 hours, 1.2 ± 0.5 at 24 hours, and 0.9 ± 0.4 at 48 hours post treatment. In contrast, the TMG had greater pain scores at each time point: 3.2 ± 1.0, 2.9 ± 1.1, 2.5 ± 0.9, and 2.1 ± 0.8 at 12, 24, and 48 hours post treatment, respectively. At 12, 24, and 48 hours post treatment, P values of 0.021, 0.036, and 0.004, respectively, indicated significant differences.

Conclusion:
In managing post-endodontic pain, CLT demonstrated superior efficacy compared to traditional methods.
Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment Using Photobiomodulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Alahmari Balqees 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic treatment (OT) aims to align and correct teeth positions. However, conventional treatment methods often require a considerable amount of time. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potential solution to OT.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 60 patients, divided equally into two groups: the PBM group and the control group. Patients in the PBM group received light therapy sessions applied directly to the OT area during each visit. Both groups underwent regular orthodontic adjustments. Treatment duration, changes in tooth alignment, and patient discomfort were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the outcomes between the groups.

Results:
The results of the study indicated that the PBM group experienced a statistically significant reduction in treatment duration compared to the control group. Moreover, there were noticeable improvements in tooth alignment in both groups. Patients in the PBM group reported minimal discomfort during the treatment process. These findings suggest that PBM has the potential to expedite OT without compromising its effectiveness.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this randomized clinical trial demonstrates that PBM can be an effective approach to accelerate OT. The technique led to a significant reduction in treatment duration and was well-tolerated by patients.
Comparing the Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Two Different Surgical Approaches for Treating Infrabony Defects in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Bagde Hiroj S. , Alam Mohammad K. , Almohammed Yazan Eid Muteb , Almaqawid Sufyan Mohammed Mukhlef , Ganji Kiran K. , Sghaireen Mohammed G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent oral health issue, affecting a substantial portion of the population. Infrabony defects, characterized by bone loss around teeth, are a hallmark of this condition and require surgical intervention to prevent further damage and tooth loss. Two commonly used surgical approaches are open flap debridement (OFD) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR).

Materials and Methods:
This prospective cohort study included 60 patients with chronic periodontitis and infrabony defects. Patients were randomly assigned to either the OFD or GTR group. Clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded at baseline and at 6-month and 12-month follow-up appointments. Radiographic assessments were conducted using periapical radiographs. The primary outcome measures were changes in PD and CAL, while secondary outcomes included radiographic evidence of bone regeneration.

Results:
At the 6-month follow-up, the OFD group demonstrated an average reduction in PD of 2.4 mm (SD = 0.8) and an increase in CAL of 1.6 mm (SD = 0.5). In contrast, the GTR group showed a reduction in PD of 2.1 mm (SD = 0.7) and an increase in CAL of 1.9 mm (SD = 0.6). These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Radiographic analysis indicated a mean bone fill of 1.2 mm (SD = 0.4) in the OFD group and 1.4 mm (SD = 0.3) in the GTR group at 12 months, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
In this study, both OFD and GTR approaches demonstrated comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes in the treatment of infrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.
Surgical vs. Non-Surgical Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Rashid Mohammed E. , Akhter Khaleda , Abdelghani Abedalla , Babkair Hamzah A. , Sghaireen Mohammed G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) encompass a range of clinical conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. Management approaches for TMDs vary and include both surgical and non-surgical interventions.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of 150 patients diagnosed with TMDs were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups: surgical intervention and non-surgical intervention. The surgical group underwent various surgical procedures, including arthroscopy, arthroplasty, and joint replacement, while the non-surgical group received conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, and occlusal splints. Pain levels, TMJ function, quality of life (QoL), and patient satisfaction were assessed at baseline and post-treatment (6 months and 1 year).

Results:
At the 6-month follow-up, both groups experienced a significant reduction in pain scores (surgical group: 6.3 ± 1.2 to 2.4 ± 0.9, non-surgical group: 6.1 ± 1.1 to 3.2 ± 1.0). TMJ function improved in both groups (surgical group: 2.5 ± 0.8 to 4.8 ± 0.6, non-surgical group: 2.6 ± 0.7 to 4.2 ± 0.9). QoL scores increased (surgical group: 35.2 ± 4.6 to 50.3 ± 5.1, non-surgical group: 35.5 ± 4.2 to 45.7 ± 4.8), and patient satisfaction rates were high (surgical group: 92%, non-surgical group: 87%) at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Both surgical and non-surgical management approaches demonstrated significant improvements in pain relief, TMJ function, QoL, and patient satisfaction for individuals with TMDs.
Assessing the Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions on Periodontal Health and Gingival Inflammation in Smokers with Periodontitis
Authors: Rashid Mohammed E. , Alam Mohammad K. , Akhter Khaleda , Abdelghani Abedalla , Babkair Hamzah A. , Sghaireen Mohammed G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. While smoking cessation has been linked to improved overall health, its specific impact on periodontal health and gingival inflammation in individuals with periodontitis remains less explored

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 200 smokers diagnosed with periodontitis. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A received comprehensive smoking cessation interventions, including counseling and pharmacotherapy, while group B continued smoking without intervention. Periodontal health was assessed through clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), at baseline and 6 months post intervention. Gingival inflammation was evaluated using the Gingival Index (GI).

Results:
After 6 months, group A exhibited a significant reduction in mean PD (from 4.5 mm to 3.2 mm) and CAL (from 5.0 mm to 3.5 mm) compared to group B. Conversely, group B showed no significant change in these parameters. The GI score significantly decreased in group A (from 2.8 to 1.2) but remained unchanged in group B. Furthermore, group A demonstrated a higher rate of smoking cessation (72%) compared to group B (14%)

Conclusion:
Smoking cessation interventions play a crucial role in improving periodontal health and reducing gingival inflammation in smokers with periodontitis. The observed reductions in PD, CAL, and gingival inflammation highlight the potential benefits of smoking cessation on oral health outcomes in this high-risk population.
Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes the survival and migration of trophoblast cells in a rat model of gestational hypertension by regulating mir-100a/insulin growth factor-2 axis
Authors: Fan Xiu-Mei , Yang Li , Zhao Gang , Huo Sen-Ye , Gao Yan 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common complication during pregnancy. miR-100a is expressed in the placenta and regulates the survival and development of placental cells. Insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) may serve as its downstream target. This study investigated the protective mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 against PE in rat model.

Materials and Methods:
LPS-induced rat PE models were suitable for intravenous administration of the highly expressed miR-100a ginsenoside Rg3 lentiviral vector. Human trophoblasts were cultured in vitrofor JEG-3, and PE cell models were constructed. In vivoeffects on tumor growth and apoptosis were observed. Ginsenoside Rg3 was treated with different concentrations of shRNA, miR-100a analogs, inhibitors, or IGF-2. Autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins were examined. Trophoblast activity and migration were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. Both drugs strongly inhibited trophoblasts under normal conditions with some synergy between them. Double-luciferase return assay confirmed the binding affinity of miR-100a for IGF-2.

Results:
In response to Rg3, autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I/II, Beclin1, and SQSTM1 were reduced in PE rat placental trophoblasts. Rg3 inhibited autophagy in JEG-3 cells and promoted JEG-3 survival and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. miR-100a upregulated PE expression. These results suggested that autophagy was a vital signaling system. Rg3 intervention inhibited miR-100a expression and miR-100a downregulated IGF-2 expression in placental tissues and promoted autophagy, thereby inhibiting JEG-3 cell survival and migration. In rats, Rg3 inhibited PE development by regulating the activity of the miR-100a-IGF-2 signaling axis.

Conclusion:
Ginsenoside Rg3 positively regulates the miR-100a-IGF-2 axis and protects PE rats by inhibiting trophoblastic autophagy and promoting trophoblastic cell survival and migration.
Evaluation des activités antifongiques des levures isolées des épluchures fermentées de deux variétés de <i>Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata</i>: «Kponan», «Krenglè» et de la variété «Bètè Bètè» (<i>Dioscorea alata</i>)
Authors: N'dri Armand Gildas Elvis Yao , Kouadio Irene Ahou , Koffi Louis Ban 
Published: February 2024

L’igname est beaucoup consommée dans le monde, principalement en Afrique de l’ouest. Cette consommation génère des épluchures qui sont très peu utilisées par les consommateurs, surtout en Côte d’Ivoire. De plus, les épluchures d’igname sont souvent abandonnées comme déchets ménagers, sans aucune perspective de valorisation. La présente étude a donc été réalisée pour offrir une voie de valorisation des épluchures d’igname. Cette étude a consisté à évaluer les activités antifongiques de 35 souches de levures isolées des épluchures fermentées des ignames des variétés « Kponan », « Krenglè » et « Bètè Bètè » consommées en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, la méthode des disques de papier whatman sur des moisissures toxinogènes à savoir, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans et Aspergillus flavus a été utilisée. Les résultats ont révélé que les 35 souches de levures inhibent la croissance des moisissures toxinogènes testées. Cependant, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans et Aspergillus flavus ont été les plus sensibles à toutes les levures de chaque variété d’igname. Aspergillus fumigatus a quant à elle été résistante à la plupart des levures isolées. En somme ces levures pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la lutte biologique contre les moisissures toxinogènes dans les procédés industriels.

English title: Evaluation of the antifungal activities of yeasts isolated from the fermented peelings of two varieties of Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata: «Kponan», «Krenglè» and the «Bètè Bètè» variety (Dioscorea alata)
Yam is widely consumed around the world, mainly in West Africa. This consumption generates peelings that are rarely used by consumers, especially in Côte d'Ivoire. Moreover, yam peelings are often abandoned as household waste, with no prospect of valorization. Then, the present study was therefore carried out to offer a way of valorization of yam peelings. This study consists on evaluation of the antifungal activities of 35 yeast strains isolated from the fermented peel of yams of the 'Kponan', 'Krenglè' and 'Bètè Bètè' varieties consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, the whatman paper disc method was used on the toxinogenic moulds Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that all 35 yeast strains inhibited the growth of the toxigenic moulds tested. However, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus were the most sensitive to all yeasts in each yam variety. Aspergillus fumigatus was resistant to most of the yeasts isolated. In short, these yeasts could play an important role in the biological control of toxigenic moulds in industrial processes.