bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of α(2,8) Sialosides Containing NeuAc and NeuGc by Using Double Carbonyl‐Protected N‐Acyl Sialyl Donors
Authors: Takeuchi Yutaka , Tohda Kazuki , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report on the syntheses of NeuAc and NeuGc‐containing glycosides via the use of double carbonyl‐protected N‐acetyl sialyl donors. The 7‐O,9‐O‐carbonyl protection of an N‐acyl‐5‐N,4‐O‐carbonyl‐protected sialyl donor markedly increased the α‐selectivity during glycosylation, particularly when glycosylating the C‐8 hydroxyl group of sialic acids. The N‐acyl carbamates were selectively opened with ethanethiol under basic conditions to provide N‐acyl amines. It is noteworthy that N‐glycolyl carbamate was more reactive to nucleophiles by comparison with the N‐acetyl carbamate due to the electron‐withdrawing oxygen in the N‐acyl group and however, allowed selective opening of the carbamates without the loss of N‐glycolyl groups. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we began by synthesizing α(2,3) and α(2,6) sialyl galactosides. Glycosylation of the hydroxy groups of galactosides at the C‐6 position with the NeuAc and NeuGc donors provided the corresponding sialyl galactoses in good yields with excellent α‐selectivity. However, glycosylation of the 2,3‐diol galactosyl acceptor selectively provided Siaα(2,2)Gal. Next, we prepared a series of α(2,8) disialosides composed of NeuAc and NeuGc. Glycosylation of NeuGc and NeuAc acceptors at the C‐8 hydroxyl group with NeuGc and NeuAc sialyl donors provided the corresponding α(2,8) disialosides, and no significant differences were detected in the reactivities of these acceptors.
Flexible PLA Copolymers with Low Melt Flow Index for Blown Film Applications
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Benjamín , Lieske Antje 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA series of strategies are investigated, which allow internally plasticized polylactide (PLA)‐polyether block copolymers to be effectively melt‐processed through blown film extrusion in the semi‐technical scale. Among the strategies presented are the use of tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP) as a chain extender during the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide and the application of ε‐caprolactone (CL) as a plasticizing comonomer. The produced films have a significantly higher flexibility than pure PLA films and are in a comparable range to the flexibility of fossil‐based, film‐grade low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films.
Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Acids using Pentlandite Catalysts
Authors: Kleinhaus Julian T. , Umer Salman , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Wickert Leon , Wolf Jonas , junge Puring Kai , Siegmund Daniel , Apfel Ulf‐Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogenations are considered a sustainable alternative to classical thermocatalytic processes prevalent in industrial conversions. Using a base metal sulfide of the pentlandite class, the hydrogenation of glutaraldehyde and propionic acid was investigated. While propionic acid could not be converted, glutaraldehyde was conveniently transformed to the semi‐ and fully hydrogenated products 5‐hydroxypentanal and 1,5‐pentanediol with a partial current density of up to 34 mA cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency of 34 %. Crucial factors for a stable and efficient reaction were found to be the use of an appropriate buffer, avoidance of low pH and the used membrane type. The reaction was implemented into a zero‐gap cell reaching a single pass conversion of up to 22 %, underlining the potential for future application.
Assessment of Chemical Products and Processes: Green Metrics and Life Cycle Assessment – A Comparison
Authors: Blömer Jan , Maga Daniel , Röttgen Janek , Wu Zhengxuan , Hiebel Markus , Eilebrecht Sebastian , Jentsch Sebastian , Eggers Natascha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGreen chemistry aims to use renewable materials, reduce waste, and avoid toxic substances and is defined by 12 principles of green chemistry. Green metrics (GM) are measurable figures that assess adherence to the 12 principles of green chemistry. GM are designed to be user‐friendly and can be applied without detailed process knowledge. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is another approach used to estimate the environmental impacts of products or processes throughout their life cycle. This paper compares LCA and GM, exploring their suitability for assessing the greenness of chemical products and processes. This includes the discussion of strengths and weaknesses, limitations, application areas, benefits of combining both approaches, and how to handle conflicting results.
Ruthenium‐Catalysed Asymmetric Intramolecular Isomerization/Esterification Reaction: Direct Synthesis of Chiral Dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Zhao Lingzi , Wang Xuchao , Qiang Qing , Zhao Xingwei , Liu Feipeng , Lu Shenci , Rong Zi‐Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive SummaryAn asymmetric isomerization/intramolecular coupling reaction of allylic alcohols to synthesize chiral dihydrocoumarins was successfully accomplished through ruthenium catalysis. This method demonstrates a wide substrate applicability, excellent tolerance for various functional groups, and good enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). It provides a convenient pathway to produce a diverse range of structurally distinct chiral dihydrocoumarins in good efficiency.
Comparative analysis of four color vision screening tests benchmarked by anomaloscopy for detection and investigation of protanomaly and deuteranomaly
Authors: Davison Peter A. , Scanlon Grainne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSignificanceClinicians, occupational health personnel, and educationalists need to make an appropriate choice of color vision screening test or tests when screening for color vision deficiency (CVD). Four color vision screening tests were assessed on the same sample of subjects against the anomaloscope as a reference, enabling direct comparison of these tests. Two of the tests are available in revised form, one has received little attention for inherited CVDs.PurposeThe objective of this study was to examine three new or revised color vision screening tests, together with the Ishihara, on their (1) sensitivity, (2) specificity, and (3) ability to provide a tentative assessment of severity and of differentiation between protanomaly and deuteranomaly deficiencies.MethodsData from 104 color deficient and 38 color normal subjects were analyzed. The Hardy–Rand–Rittler (4th edition), City University (3rd edition), Ishihara (2005), and Mollon–Reffin tests were evaluated against the Oculus Heidelberg multi‐color anomaloscope. All screening tests were performed before anomaloscopy.ResultsSensitivity was comparable for the Ishihara, Hardy–Rand–Rittler, and City University tests (Chi‐square = 3.26, df = 2, p > 0.05), whereas the Mollon–Reffin had best specificity (100% using a threshold value of two). Compared with all other screening tests the Hardy–Rand–Rittler was the best at correctly classifying a deficiency: protanomaly (75%) and deuteranomaly (82%). While the Ishihara was good at detecting deutans (100%), it misclassified 100% of protans as being deutan. Finally, the Hardy–Rand–Rittler was the only screening test to successfully separate mild from medium severity of deficiency.ConclusionsSelection of screening test is dependent on the intended outcome of screening. Referral for more definitive CVD assessment is the preferred option.
Photodecarboxylative Ring Annulation of α‐ and β‐Functionalized Phthaloyl‐GABA Derivatives: Bioactive Pyrroloisoindolinones with High Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Schulze Wolfram , Zimmer Anne , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Dato Florian M. , Sommerfeld Paul , Pietsch Markus , Derondeau Henrieta , Gaida Florian , Riedle Eberhard , Griesbeck Axel G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe triplet‐sensitized (by the solvent acetone) as well as the direct (λex=300–320 nm) photochemical decarboxylation of N‐phthaloylated γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives are versatile and high‐yielding routes to benzopyrrolizidines via intramolecular electron transfer initiated decarboxylation followed by radical coupling. The ß‐mono‐ and ß,ß'‐disubstituted N‐phthaloyl GABA derivatives 7 a–7 g, respectively, were applied as substrates. Decarboxylative photocyclization yielded hydroxy benzopyrrolizidines 8 a–8 g in high chemical yields and with moderate diastereoselectivities from the ß‐monosubstituted substrates. The analogous α‐substituted GABA derivatives 11 a–11 c were also applied as potential substrates for memory of chirality effects. The reaction quantum yields of the photodecarboxylation reactions for the parent GABA derivative 13 and for the new substrates 7 h and 11 a were determined by the quantum yield determination system (QYDS) and showed a remarkable concentration dependency indicating aggregation at higher substrate concentrations. Inhibition studies on the atherogenic human serine hydrolase cholesterol esterase showed derivatives 8 a and 8 d to exhibit a hyperbolic mode of inhibition with moderate IC50 values of about 60–80 μM.
Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI
Authors: Sadvandi Gelareh , Kianfar Amir Ehsan , Becker Kathrin , Heinzel Alexander , Wolf Michael , Said Yekta‐Michael Sareh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrthodontic treatment is often accompanied by discomfort and pain in patients, which are believed to be a result of orthodontic tooth displacement caused by the mechanical forces exerted by the orthodontic appliances on the periodontal tissues. These lead to change blood oxygen level dependent response in related brain regions.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to assess the impact of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on alterations in central nervous system activation assessed by tasked based and resting state fMRI.Materials and MethodsA literature search was conducted using online databases, following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. Selected studies utilized magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain activity changes in healthy participants after the insertion of orthodontic appliances.ResultsThe initial database screening resulted in 791 studies. Of these, 234 were duplicates and 547 were deemed irrelevant considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the ten remaining potential relevant studies, two were excluded during full‐text screening. Eight prospective articles were eligible for further analysis. The included studies provided evidence of the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatment, pain perception, and brain function. All of the participants in the included studies employed orthodontic separators in short‐term experiments to induce tooth displacement during the early stage of orthodontic treatment. Alterations in brain activation were observed in brain regions, functional connectivity and brain networks, predominantly affecting regions implicated in nociception (thalamus, insula), emotion (insula, frontal areas), and cognition (frontal areas, cerebellum, default mode network).ConclusionsThe results suggest that orthodontic treatment influences beyond the pain matrix and affects other brain regions including the limbic system. Furthermore, understanding the orthodontically induced brain activation can aid in development of targeted pain management strategies that do not adversely affect orthodontic tooth movement. Due to the moderate to serious risk of bias and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further clinical trials on this subject are recommended.
Normative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution for diverse Hispanic/Latino adults: Results from the Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA)
Authors: Morlett Paredes Alejandra , Tarraf Wassim , Gonzalez Kevin , Stickel Ariana M. , Graves Lisa V. , Salmon David P. , Kaur Sonya S. , Gallo Linda C. , Isasi Carmen R. , Lipton Richard B. , Lamar Melissa , Goodman Zachary T. , González Hector M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONExecutive functioning and processing speed are crucial elements of neuropsychological assessment. To meet the needs of the Hispanic/Latino population, we aimed to provide normative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test.METHODSThe target population for the Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging included six heritage backgrounds (n = 6177). Average age was 63.4 ± 8.3 years, 54.5% were female, and mean education was 11.0 ± 4.7 years. Participants were administered the DSS as part of a larger battery. Heritage‐adjusted DSS scores, and percentile cut‐points were created using survey‐adjusted regression and quantile regression models.RESULTSAge, education, sex, heritage, and language preference were associated with DSS scores.DISCUSSIONSignificant correlates of DSS performance should be considered when evaluating cognitive performance. Representative DSS norms for Hispanics/Latinos will advance assessment and accuracy of neurocognitive disorder diagnosis in clinical practice. To facilitate interpretation, we provide norms to reduce test biases and developed an online dashboard.HighlightsNormative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) for diverse Hispanic/Latino adults: Results from the Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA)
This study is the first to develop norms for the DSS test across four regions of the United States.
Factors such as age, education, sex, and Hispanic/Latino heritage and language preference are associated with differences in executive functioning and information processing speed.
We created norms and an online dashboard (https://solincalab.shinyapps.io/dsst_shiny/) providing an easily accessible tool to evaluate processing speed and executive functioning in Hispanic/Latino adults.
Climate change‐associated declines in water clarity impair feeding by common loons
Authors: Piper Walter H. , Glines Max R. , Rose Kevin C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change has myriad impacts on ecosystems, but the mechanisms by which it affects individual species can be difficult to pinpoint. One strategy to discover such mechanisms is to identify a specific ecological factor related to survival or reproduction and determine how that factor is affected by climate. Here we used Landsat imagery to calculate water clarity for 127 lakes in northern Wisconsin from 1995 to 2021 and thus investigate the effect of clarity on the body condition of an aquatic visual predator, the common loon (Gavia immer). In addition, we examined rainfall and temperature as potential predictors of water clarity. Body mass tracked July water clarity strongly in loon chicks, which grow chiefly in that month, but weakly in adult males and females. Long‐term mean water clarity was negatively related to chick mass but positively related to adult male mass, suggesting that loons foraging in generally clear lakes enjoy good foraging conditions in the long run but might be sensitive to perturbations in clarity during chick‐rearing. Finally, chick mass was positively related to the density of docks, perhaps because angling removes large fishes and thus boosts the abundance of the small fishes on which chicks depend. Water clarity itself declined strongly from 1995 to 2021, was negatively related to July rainfall, and was positively related to July air temperature. Our findings identified both long‐term and short‐term water clarity as strong predictors of loon foraging efficiency, and suggest that climate change, through water clarity, impacts freshwater ecosystems profoundly. Moreover, our results identified the recent decrease in water clarity as a likely cause of population decline in common loons.
Impact of baseline kidney dysfunction on oral diuretic efficacy following hospitalization for heart failure – insights from TRANSFORM‐HF
Authors: Martens Pieter , Greene Stephen J. , Mentz Robert J. , Li Shuang , Wojdyla Daniel , Kapelios Chris J. , Mullens Wilfried , Hall Michael E. , Ketema Fassil , Kim Dong‐Yun , Eisenstein Eric L. , Anstrom Kevin , Fang James C. , Pitt Bertram , Velazquez Eric J. , Tang W.H. Wilson 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAimAmong patients discharged after hospitalization for heart failure (HF), a strategy of torsemide versus furosemide showed no difference in all‐cause mortality or hospitalization. Clinicians have traditionally favoured torsemide in the setting of kidney dysfunction due to better oral bioavailability and longer half‐life, but direct supportive evidence is lacking.Methods and resultsThe TRANSFORM‐HF trial randomized patients hospitalized for HF to a long‐term strategy of torsemide versus furosemide, and enrolled patients across the spectrum of renal function (without dialysis). In this post‐hoc analysis, baseline renal function during the index hospitalization was assessed as categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; <30, 30–<60, ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2). The interaction between baseline renal function and treatment effect of torsemide versus furosemide was assessed with respect to mortality and hospitalization outcomes, and the change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ‐CSS). Of 2859 patients randomized, 336 (11.8%) had eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2, 1138 (39.8%) had eGFR 30–<60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 1385 (48.4%) had eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Baseline eGFR did not modify treatment effects of torsemide versus furosemide on all adverse clinical outcomes including individual components or composites of all‐cause mortality and all‐cause (re)‐hospitalizations, both when assessing eGFR categorically or continuously (p‐value for interaction all >0.108). Similarly, no treatment effect modification by eGFR was found for the change in KCCQ‐CSS (p‐value for interaction all >0.052) when assessing eGFR categorically or continuously.ConclusionAmong patients discharged after hospitalization for HF, there was no significant difference in clinical and patient‐reported outcomes between torsemide and furosemide, irrespective of renal function.
Cost‐effectiveness of remote haemodynamic monitoring by an implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitoring sensor (CardioMEMS‐HF system) in chronic heart failure in the Netherlands
Authors: Mokri Hamraz , Clephas Pascal R.D. , de Boer Rudolf A. , van Baal Pieter , Brugts Jasper J. , Rutten‐van Mölken Maureen P.M.H. 
Published: April 2024

AimsRemote haemodynamic monitoring with an implantable pulmonary artery (PA) sensor has been shown to reduce heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and improve quality of life. Cost‐effectiveness analyses studying the value of remote haemodynamic monitoring in a European healthcare system with a contemporary standard care group are lacking.Methods and resultsA Markov model was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of PA‐guided therapy compared to the standard of care based upon patient‐level data of the MONITOR‐HF trial performed in the Netherlands in patients with chronic HF (New York Heart Association class III and at least one previous HF hospitalization). Cost‐effectiveness was measured as the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained from the Dutch societal perspective with a lifetime horizon which encompasses a wide variety of costs including costs of hospitalizations, monitoring time, telephone contacts, laboratory assessments, and drug changes in both treatment groups. In the base‐case analysis, PA‐guided therapy increased costs compared to standard of care by €12 121. The QALYs per patient for PA‐guided therapy and standard of care was 4.07 and 3.481, respectively, reflecting a gain of 0.58 QALYs. The resulting incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was €20 753 per QALY, which is below the Dutch willingness‐to‐pay threshold of €50 000 per QALY gained for HF.ConclusionsThe current cost‐effectiveness study suggests that remote haemodynamic monitoring with PA‐guided therapy on top of standard care is likely to be cost‐effective for patients with symptomatic moderate‐to‐severe HF in the Netherlands.
Synthesis of Aza‐Bicyclic Maleimide Skeleton by Addition‐Ring Opening Cascade Reaction of Vinylogous Oxindole
Authors: Liao Qian , Zhang Yang , Liu Jin‐Yu , Li Qing‐Song , Huang Yu‐Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed to facilitate the addition‐ring opening cascade reaction of vinylogous oxindole, resulting in the synthesis of a variety of aza‐bicyclic maleimide derivatives with high yields and exceptional diastereoselectivities. Furthermore, the product could be effectively and easily transformed into the difluoromethylenecyclohexane skeleton through a dehydrofluorination process. This methodology demonstrates significant potential for the synthesis of aza‐bicyclic maleimide skeleton, which possesses biological or pharmaceutical activity.
Base‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Bio‐Based Hydroxyurethanes
Authors: de la Cruz‐Martínez Felipe , Francés‐Poveda Enrique , North Michael , Castro‐Osma José A. , Lara‐Sánchez Agustín 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe regioselective synthesis of carbamates from bio‐derived cyclic carbonates and amines by using 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) as an organocatalyst is reported. This methodology led to the preparation of a wide range of bio‐sourced hydroxyurethanes from furan‐, carvone‐ and limonene‐based scaffolds under solvent‐free and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the process allowed us to optimize the catalyst loading with little or no impact on the process regioselectivity.
Emotion regulation skills‐focused interventions for chronic pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Norman‐Nott Nell , Hesam‐Shariati Negin , Wewege Michael A. , Rizzo Rodrigo R. N. , Cashin Aidan G. , Wilks Chelsey R. , Quidé Yann , McAuley James H. , Gustin Sylvia M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of emotion regulation skills‐focused (ERSF) interventions to reduce pain intensity and improve psychological outcomes for people with chronic pain and to narratively report on safety and intervention compliance.MethodsSix databases and four registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 29 April 2022. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed according to the Grading, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta‐analyses for eight studies (902 participants) assessed pain intensity (primary outcome), emotion regulation, affect, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and pain interference (secondary outcomes), at two time points when available, post‐intervention (closest to intervention end) and follow‐up (the first measurement after the post‐intervention assessment).ResultsCompared to TAU, pain intensity improved post‐intervention (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −10.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] [−17.55, −2.56]) and at follow‐up (WMD = −11.38; 95% CI [−13.55, −9.21]). Emotion regulation improved post‐intervention (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.57; 95% CI [0.14, 1.01]), and depressive symptoms improved at follow‐up (SMD = −0.45; 95% CI [−0.66, −0.24]). Compared to active comparators, anxiety symptoms improved favouring the comparator post‐intervention (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI [0.03, 0.18]), and compared to CBT, pain interference improved post‐intervention (SMD = −0.37; 95% CI [−0.69, −0.04]). Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate.SignificanceThe findings provide evidence that ERSF interventions reduce pain intensity for people with chronic pain compared to usual treatment. These interventions are at least as beneficial to reduce pain intensity as the current gold standard psychological intervention, CBT. However, the limited number of studies and certainty of evidence mean further high‐quality RCTs are warranted. Additionally, further research is needed to identify whether ERSF interventions may be more beneficial for specific chronic pain conditions.