Abstract 496: Insights into correlation between nanomechanical properties and cytokines expression during gold nanoparticle endocytosis
Authors: Kulkarni Tanmay , Wang Enfeng , Angom Ramcharan Singh , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles for therapeutic interventions have become a widely popular source due to the ease in surface chemistry available for modification. Several studies undertaken focusses on the size, shape of nanoparticles as well as the signaling mechanisms and yet, knowledge regarding the alteration in membrane dynamics such as nanomechanical properties and cytokines involved during their uptake has not been studies before. To overcome the knowledge deficit, we employed atomic force microscopy and qRT-PCR techniques to acquire nanomechanical attributes and cytokines expressions respectively, in Panc-1 and AsPC-1 cell lines treated with surface modified gold nanoparticles for 1- and 24-hours’ time point. In nanomechanics paradigm, impetus was given on both linear attributes such as membrane stiffness, deformation, and adhesion as well as non-linear attributes such as drained Poisson’s ratio, diffusion coefficient and pore size. On the other hand, qRT-PCR technique yielded alterations in relative mRNA expressions of pro-tumorigenic cytokines such as CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, IL8, IL11, IL18 and TGFβ-1. Further, using Pearson’s correlation, we deduced the dependency between nanomechanical properties and cytokines expressions. We evaluated several criteria such as receptor dependent vs independent, PEGylated vs non-PEGylated and 1 hr vs 24hrs, to deduce correlations between cytokines and nanomechanical attributes. In Panc-1 cell line, we observed that PEGylation vs non-PEGylation of gold nanoparticles demonstrated most significant correlations, whereas in AsPC-1 cell line, receptor independent mechanism played a pivotal role in establishing significant correlations. For instance, D_C and P_D were highly correlated with CXCL1, CXCL2 and TGFβ-1 when non-PEGylated gold nanoparticles were up taken by Panc-1 cells. Similarly, D_C and P_D were highly correlated consistently with our cytokine panel except for TGFβ-1. In AsPC-1 cell line, deformation was significantly correlated with CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL3 and IL-8 whereas, D_C and P_D were significantly correlated with CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL3, IL-18 and TGFβ-1 in receptor independent scenario. This study demonstrated that during the uptake of gold nanoparticles, non-linear nanomechanical attributes are detrimental over linear attributes. Moreover, Surface modified gold nanoparticles induce varying levels of alteration in pro-tumorigenic cytokines. Taken together, this study boosts our insights into correlations describing cytokines regulating nanomechanical attributes in endocytosis paradigm.
Citation Format: Tanmay Kulkarni, Enfeng Wang, Ramcharan Singh Angom, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Santanu Bhattacharya. Insights into correlation between nanomechanical properties and cytokines expression during gold nanoparticle endocytosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 496.