bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptic duplication of 12q24.33 → qter in a child with Angelman syndrome—simultaneous occurrence of two unrelated cytogenetic events
Authors: Sathanoori M. , Hu J. , Murthy V. , Byrnes A. , Vockley J. , Safier R. , Bedoyan J. , Jalal S.M. , Huber H. , Surti U. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSimultaneous occurrence of two unrelated cytogenetic events is rare. We present a case of Angelman Syndrome (AS) deletion and 12q duplication in a child with a history of developmental delay, microcephaly, cerebral palsy, and seizures. Traditional cytogenetic studies showed a normal 46,XY karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probe D15S10 (AS region/15q11.2) revealed a deletion. In addition, we serendipitously detected 12q24.3 duplication by FISH with 12q subtelomere probe. He inherited this duplication from the mother who presented with a balanced translocation karyotype 46,XX,add(12)(q24.3).ish t(12;13)(q24.3;p11.2)(12qtel‐;12qtel+,D13Z1/D21Z1+,RB1+). Array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) revealed a duplication of three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones (RP11‐46H11, RP11‐386I8, and RP11‐309H3) covering about 423 Kb of DNA sequence. The published 12q terminal duplication cases had a detectable segment by classical banded cytogenetics techniques. To our knowledge, this is the smallest 12q cryptic rearrangement characterized by array‐CGH and confirmed by BAC‐clone FISH analysis. Based on these findings, we attempted to separate the clinical features associated with AS deletion and those features that are probably due to partial 12q duplication. We then reviewed the genes mapped in the duplicated region using the human genome database to understand the clinical significance. A subsequent pregnancy in the mother revealed an apparently balanced t(12;13) karyotype. We compare our case with the published cases, and discuss the implications of our findings and its relevance in addressing genetic counseling issues. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cationic cyclization of purified natural rubber in latex form with a trimethylsilyl triflate as a novel catalyst
Authors: Riyajan Sa‐ad , Liaw Der‐Jang , Tanaka Yasuyuki , Sakdapipanich Jitladda Tangpakdee 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCyclization of deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) or purified natural rubber latex was effectively performed in latex phase by using trimethylsilyl‐trifluoromethane sulfonate or trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTF) as a novel catalyst, which is still not reported in the case of natural rubber latex. Various cyclization conditions affecting the degree of cyclization were studied, such as dry rubber contents, temperature, TMSOTF concentrations, and time. The cyclized products were characterized by FTIR, Raman, 1H‐, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopies, as well as DSC and TGA. The degree of cyclization was estimated by 1H‐NMR spectrum. It was found that the degree of cyclization in NR was a function of cyclization conditions. The thermal stability of cyclized DPNR increased with the degree of cyclization. Solubility of the obtained rubber was good in chloroform, toluene, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexane, and bad in tetrahydrofuran. The average number molecular weight of cyclized DPNR with 76% degree of cyclization was about 4.2 × 104 g/mol. On the basis of FTIR, Raman, 1H‐, and 13C‐NMR, the CC of cyclized DPNR dramatically decreased after prolonged reaction time. In addition, the topology of cyclization DPNR particles was rough on its rubber particle as analyzed by TEM. The mechanism for this reaction will also be discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007.
Peel and shear strength of pressure‐sensitive adhesives prepared from epoxidized natural rubber
Authors: Poh B. T. , Kwo H. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeel and shear strength of two grades of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25 and ENR 50)‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesive was studied. Coumarone‐indene resin was used as the tackifier, whereas toluene was chosen as the solvent throughout the experiment. The tackifier loading was varied from 0 to 80 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr). A SHEEN hand coater was used to coat the adhesive on substrate to give a coating thickness of 30, 60, 90, and 120 μm. Peel strength and shear strength of the adhesive were determined by using a Lloyd adhesion tester and Texture analyzer, respectively. Results show that maximum peel strength occurs at 40 phr of coumarone‐indene resin for both ENRs studied an observation, which is attributed to the maximum wettability of the substrate. However, the shear strength shows a gradual decrease with increasing tackifier loading because of the decrease in cohesive strength of adhesive. ENR 25 consistently indicates higher peel strength and shear strength than ENR 50. Generally, peel and shear strength increases with coating thickness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007.
Sol‐gel‐derived alumina/polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid nanocomposite film on metal for corrosion resistance
Authors: Jing Chengbin , Hou Jinxia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWith the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), alumina sol with an aluminum sec‐butoxide/water molar ratio of 1 : 45 was synthesized. The surface tension of this alumina sol was found to be lower by 35% than the sol without PVP. Alumina/PVP hybrid film with a critical thickness up to 2 μm was fabricated by dip‐coating method. The heat treatment between 200 and 300°C could produce a film with perfect hybrid nanocomposite structures. Alumina particles with a size of about 20 nm were uniformly distributed in this material. The hardness of the film samples increased with the increment of heat treatment temperature, and hardness values higher than the original metal were detected after heat treated above 400°C. The film‐coated metals that were heat treated below 150°C or above 400°C exhibited relatively weak adhesion, but strong adhesion was obtained when heat treated between 200 and 300°C for 30 min. The corrosion rate of the film‐coated metal that was heat treated between 200°C and 300°C for 30 min was lower by 95% than the uncoated metal. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007.
Geophysical exploration in the Church of Protaton at Karyes of Mount Athos (Holy Mountain) in northern Greece
Authors: Tsokas G. N. , Stampolidis A. , Mertzanidis I. , Tsourlos P. , Hamza R. , Chrisafis C. , Ambonis D. , Tavlakis I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe area around the Church of Protaton at Karyes on Mount Athos (Holy Mountain) in northern Greece, was explored by means of resistance mapping and electrical tomography. Ruins of foundation walls were detected and mapped around the Church, and additionally geological information was retrieved by the tomography. The floor of the Church was investigated with ground‐penetrating radar transects wherever was possible. The presence of reflection patterns, which appeared aligned in parallel transects, led to the conclusion that they were caused by structures concealed beneath the floor of the Church. The survey, which took place in and around an existing monument, required different geophysical methods, used in a synergetic manner. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new murine model to define the critical pathologic and therapeutic mediators of polymyositis
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Sekine Chiyoko , Nakae Takashi , Kohyama Kuniko , Harigai Masayoshi , Iwakura Yoichiro , Matsumoto Yoh , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Kohsaka Hitoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a new murine model of polymyositis (PM) for the understanding of its pathologic mechanisms and the development of new treatment strategies.MethodsC protein–induced myositis (CIM) was induced by a single immunization of recombinant human skeletal C protein in C57BL/6 mice, as well as in CD4‐depleted, CD8‐depleted, and mutant mice as controls. Some mice were treated with high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) after disease induction. Muscle tissues were examined histologically.ResultsIn mice with CIM, inflammation was confined to the skeletal muscles. Histologic examination revealed a common pathologic feature of CIM and PM, involving abundant infiltration of CD8 and perforin‐expressing cells in the endomysial site of the injured muscle. Suppression of myositis was achieved by depletion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Despite the development of serum anti–C protein antibodies in wild‐type mice, severe myositis was induced in mice deficient in B cells. Induction of myositis was suppressed in interleukin‐1α/β (IL‐1α/β)–null mutant mice, but not in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–null mutant mice. Use of IVIG, a treatment with proven efficacy in PM, suppressed CIM in the subgroup of treated mice.ConclusionCIM mimics PM pathologically and clinically. Infiltration of CD8 T cells is the most likely mechanism of muscle injury, and IL‐1, but not B cells or TNFα, is crucial in the development of CIM. IVIG has therapeutic effects in CIM, suggesting that the effects of IVIG are not mediated by suppression of antibody‐mediated tissue injury. This murine model provides a useful tool for understanding the pathologic mechanisms of PM and for developing new treatment strategies.
Therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Outcome of infliximab failures switched to etanercept
Authors: Buch Maya H. , Bingham Sarah J. , Bejarano Victoria , Bryer Domini , White Jo , Emery Paul , Reece Richard , Quinn Mark 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe role of alternative tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist therapies in the context of failure of initial TNF antagonist therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has yet to be clearly defined. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of etanercept in patients who failed to respond to infliximab.MethodsNinety‐five patients with RA who failed to respond to infliximab and methotrexate were treated with etanercept (with continuation of concomitant methotrexate). Thirty‐four patients never achieved a response to infliximab (primary nonresponse), 38 had an initial response to infliximab but relapsed (secondary nonresponse), and 23 demonstrated toxicity. Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response, and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response were determined after 12 weeks of etanercept.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of etanercept, 38% of patients achieved an ACR 20% response (ACR20) on etanercept. Of these, 24% and 15% achieved ACR50 and ACR70 responses, respectively. In the primary infliximab nonresponse group, 42%, 30%, and 15% achieved ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 responses, respectively; the percentages for the secondary nonresponse group were 34%, 21%, and 14%, respectively. Significant DAS28 reductions were observed in the entire cohort and nonresponse subtype groups. Sixty‐one percent of the cohort achieved either a moderate or good EULAR score (67% of primary and 56% of secondary infliximab failures). No toxicity was observed in patients who stopped infliximab due to intolerance; 19 of 23 continued etanercept after week 12.ConclusionThis study confirms that etanercept is effective in patients who fail to respond to infliximab and suggests a higher response in patients who have never had a response to infliximab.
Full‐limb and knee radiography assessments of varus‐valgus alignment and their relationship to osteoarthritis disease features by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Issa Sakeba N. , Dunlop Dorothy , Chang Alison , Song Jing , Prasad Pottumarthi V. , Guermazi Ali , Peterfy Charles , Cahue September , Marshall Meredith , Kapoor Dipali , Hayes Karen , Sharma Leena 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the correlation between hip‐knee‐ankle and femur‐tibia radiograph angles, calculate the offset of the femur‐tibia angle with respect to the hip‐knee‐ankle angle, calculate the sensitivity and specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the femur‐tibia angle, and examine the relationship of malalignment by each approach with osteoarthritis (OA) tissue pathology in the mechanically stressed compartment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsIndividuals with knee OA underwent full‐limb and knee radiographs and knee MRI. Linear regression was used to determine if the 2 angles differed systematically and to identify the cutoff. Alignment means for MRI grades were compared using Dunnett's t‐test.ResultsIn the 146 participants (109 women, mean age 70 years, body mass index 30.6 kg/m2), femur‐tibia and hip‐knee‐ankle angles correlated (r = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.81, 0.90). On average, the femur‐tibia angle was 3.4° more valgus (3.0° in women and 4.7° in men); after correction, its sensitivity and specificity (to predict the hip‐knee‐ankle angle) were 0.84 and 0.84 for identifying varus and 0.98 and 0.73 for valgus, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (95% CI) was 0.91 (0.86, 0.96) for varus and 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) for valgus. Varus severity worsened comparably with each alignment measure as medial lesion score on MRI worsened. Laterally, as lesion score worsened, comparably worse valgus was seen with either assessment approach.ConclusionIn knee OA, the knee radiograph femur‐tibia and full‐limb radiograph hip‐knee‐ankle angles were correlated. The femur‐tibia angle, corrected for mean offset, was sensitive, specific, and had excellent discriminative ability for identifying varus and valgus alignment evidenced by area under the ROC curve. The relationship between alignment and specific OA MRI features was comparable with the 2 approaches. Use of the femur‐tibia angle, corrected for offset, should be considered in research and clinical settings.
Prevalence and correlates of arthritis‐attributable work limitation in the US population among persons ages 18–64: 2002 National Health Interview Survey Data
Authors: Theis Kristina A. , Murphy Louise , Hootman Jennifer M. , Helmick Charles G. , Yelin Edward 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the national prevalence of arthritis‐attributable work limitation (AAWL) among persons ages 18–64 with doctor‐diagnosed arthritis and examine correlates of AAWL.MethodsUsing the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence of AAWL (limited in whether individuals work, the type of work they do, or the amount of work they do) and correlates of AAWL in univariable and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses. Survey data were analyzed in SAS and SUDAAN to account for the complex sample design.ResultsA total of 5.3% of all US adults ages 18–64 reported AAWL; in this age group, AAWL is reported by ∼30% of those who report arthritis. The prevalence of AAWL was highest among people ages 45–64 years (10.2%), women (6.3%), non‐Hispanic blacks (7.7%), people with less than a high school education (8.6%), and those with an annual household income <$20,000 (12.6%). AAWL was substantially increased among people with arthritis‐attributable activity limitations (multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio [OR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.1–11.6). The multivariable‐adjusted likelihood of AAWL was moderately higher among non‐Hispanic blacks (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3), Hispanics (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6), and people with high levels of functional/social/leisure limitations (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3) and was decreased among those with a college education (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.8).ConclusionAAWL is highly prevalent, affecting millions of Americans and one‐third of adults with doctor‐diagnosed arthritis. Findings suggest the need for more targeted research to better understand the natural history, success of interventions, and effects of policy on AAWL. Public health interventions, including self‐management education programs, may be effective in countering AAWL.
The Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index in a community‐dwelling population of older adults: Reliability and validity
Authors: Dziedzic Krysia S. , Thomas Elaine , Myers Helen , Hill Susan , Hay Elaine M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the acceptability and measurement properties of the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) applied to a community‐dwelling population of older adults with hand problems.MethodsData were obtained from 2 related sources: 2,113 responders to a 2‐stage cross‐sectional postal survey who reported hand problems in the previous 12‐months, and 55 participants with hand problems completing a clinical assessment. The AUSCAN subscales were assessed for data quality and scaling properties. Test–retest reliability was assessed in clinical participants reporting no change in their hand condition at 1 month. Construct and criterion validity were evaluated using other data from the survey and clinical assessment. Internal consistency of the subscales was tested using Cronbach's alpha and item‐total correlations.ResultsAUSCAN subscales had high completion rates in the survey (missing data: 2.3–2.7%). Subscale scores covered the possible range but were skewed towards lower pain, stiffness, and functional problems. Test–retest reliability estimates supported the use of the pain and stiffness subscales (ρ > 0.7), with the estimate for stiffness being slightly lower (ρ = 0.64). The subscales demonstrated both construct validity (significantly higher subscale scores in participants reporting a recent general practitioner consultation for their hand problems and high correlations with hand function performance measures) and criterion validity (high correlations with generic health measures and disease‐specific measures).ConclusionThe AUSCAN is a valid and reliable measure of hand problems in a community‐dwelling population of older adults. The AUSCAN performs well both in terms of its internal reliability and its relationship with external constructs.
Validation of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging spinal inflammation index: Is it necessary to score the entire spine?
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P. , Dhillon Suhkvinder S. , Park Roy , Salonen David , Inman Robert D. , Lambert Robert G. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spinal inflammation index has been developed to objectively measure inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to assess change in response to therapeutic intervention. Scoring of the entire spine limits feasibility and a scoring method that records inflammation in only the more severely affected spinal segments may improve feasibility without sacrificing performance.MethodsMRI films of 68 patients with AS were assessed in random order by 2 blinded readers. Interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. Pre‐ and posttreatment MRI films of 29 patients randomized to placebo or anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα) therapy were read by readers blinded to chronology, and responsiveness was assessed by effect size and standardized response mean. The performance of scores based on 6, 8, 10, and all 23 spinal discovertebral units (DVU) was compared.ResultsThe median number of affected spinal levels per patient was 6.0 and 62% of all affected levels were included when analysis was limited to only the 6 most severely affected levels per patient. Comparison of DVU scores that were limited to only the more severely affected DVU (6‐, 8‐, 10‐DVU score) with scores for all 23 spinal DVU showed excellent interreader reliability for status and change scores (Spearman's correlation >0.90) as well as similar construct validity. Responsiveness to anti‐TNFα therapy was greater when the more limited scoring methods were used and was greatest with the 6‐DVU score.ConclusionThe SPARCC MRI spinal inflammation index performs better when analysis is limited to a maximum of 6 most severely affected levels compared with assessment of the entire spine. This should improve its feasibility in clinical trials and research.
Zur Aussagekraft von Simulationsergebnissen auf Basis der Testreferenzjahre (TRY) über die Häufigkeit sommerlicher Überhitzung
Authors: Pültz Gunter , Hoffmann Sabine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEin immer wichtiger werdendes Qualitätsmerkmal moderner Bürogebäude ist in der thermischen Behaglichkeit im Sommer zu sehen. Da zunehmend auch die Nachhaltigkeit dieser Gebäude an Bedeutung gewinnt, kommen häufig passive Klimakonzepte ohne Kühlung und mechanische Lüftung zum Einsatz. Die Entwicklung und Beurteilung dieser energiesparenden Klimakonzepte fußt neben den Spitzenwerten der sommerlichen Raumtemperaturen auch auf der Häufigkeit erhöhter sommerlicher Raumtemperaturen, welche meist mit Hilfe zonaler, thermischer Simulationen vorausberechnet werden. Bei dieser Berechnung von Überschreitungshäufigkeiten sind meteorologische Daten für ein ganzes Jahr notwendig, wofür in Deutschland meist die Testreferenzjahre (TRY) des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (DWD) im Originalzustand verwendet werden. Diese wurden jedoch für andere Zwecke entwickelt und repräsentieren daher sommerliche Hitzeperioden nur ungenügend; darüber hinaus berücksichtigen die TRY urbane Wärmeinseln nicht und vernachlässigen den seit 1990 bereits stattgefundenen und zukünftig zunehmenden Klimawandel. Die auf Basis der Original‐TRY ermittelten Häufigkeiten erhöhter sommerlicher Raumtemperaturen sind daher unrealistisch niedrig und deshalb als Entscheidungsgrundlage für Klimakonzepte ungeeignet. Für realistischere Überschreitungshäufigkeiten empfiehlt sich daher der Einsatz von TRY mit implementierten Extremsommern und darüber hinaus eventuell auch die Nutzung von Wetterdaten für zukünftige Jahre, welche demnächst von den Meteorologen zur Verfügung gestellt werden.
Energetischer Wärmeschutz versus hygienischer Wärmeschutz – Sind die derzeitigen Auslegungsklimate für den winterlichen Wärmeschutz geeignet zur Beurteilung der Schimmelpilzgefährdung alter und neuer Bausubstanz?
Authors: Oster Nils , Bredemeyer Jan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWesentliche Grundlage für die Beurteilung von Schimmelpilzbildungen ist die Ermittlung der in den Schadensbereichen zu erwartenden minimalen Oberflächentemperaturen mit Hilfe von Wärmebrückenberechnungen. Diese erfolgen entsprechend den allgemein anerkannten Regeln der Technik stationär unter den winterlich kalten Auslegungsklimaten für den Mindestwärmeschutz. Die vorliegende Abhandlung erläutert zunächst den Ursprung dieser Randbedingungen im energetischen Wärmeschutz sowie die heute bestehenden Möglichkeiten und Anforderungen bei der Bewertung der Berechnungsergebnisse. Hierauf aufbauend wird gezeigt, dass diese derzeit anzuwendenden “kalten, trockenen” Randbedingungen jedoch entgegen der herkömmlichen Betrachtungsweise nicht die ungünstigsten zu erwartenden außenklimatischen Bedingungen wiedergeben. Nach Ansicht der Autoren ist insofern eine Modifizierung der rechnerischen Randbedingungen erforderlich, um die ungünstigeren “milden, feuchten” außenklimatischen Bedingungen der ?bergangsjahreszeiten berücksichtigen zu können. Hierzu werden mögliche Ansätze benannt.
R′w oder DnT,w? Überlegungen zur Kennzeichnung des Schallschutzes und Konsequenzen für eine Neufassung von DIN 4109
Authors: Ertel Hanno , Moll Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDIN 4109 “Schallschutz im Hochbau” hat sich seit ihrer Veröffentlichung 1989 als Instrument zur Planung der Schalldämmung zwischen Wohnungen und Büros bewährt. Seit 1992 sind jedoch wesentliche europäischen Normen harmonisiert worden. Für den Schallschutz bedeutete dies die Abschaffung der Prüfung von Bauteilen in Laboranordnungen mit sog. bauüblichen Flankenübertragungen. Damit wurde das deutsche Schallschutzkonzept obsolet, das von der einfachen Übertragbarkeit der Messergebnisse R′w aus dem Labor auf die zu erwartende Schalldämmung R′w des geprüften Bauteils im ausgeführten Bau ausging. Mit dem Wegfall von DIN 52210 und ihrem Ersatz durch DIN EN ISO 140 waren im Prüflabor statt der Schallschutzgröße R′w nunmehr nur noch die Schalldämmung Rw des Bauteils zu messen. Der Beitrag behandelt sich daraus ergebende Fragen.