bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home-range use by the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Authors: Aliaga-Rossel Enzo , Kays Roland W. , Fragoso José M. V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the movements and home range of the agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We captured and tracked 12 agoutis from January to December 2003. Home-range size (95% kernel) ranged from 1.56–2.45 ha (n = 6) for males and 1.34–1.97 ha (n = 5) for females. Agouti ranges overlapped and we estimated a density of approximately 100 agoutis km−2. We compared agouti movement with the locations of refuges and food trees, and the results suggest that the agoutis are central-place foragers. Agoutis moved an average of 850 m d−1covering approximately 35% of their range daily. These movement data help us understand the potential impacts of agoutis as seed dispersers, predicting thatD. punctatawill encounter and hoard fallen fruit within 10–200 m (i.e. radius of home range) of its source, and move seeds towards refuges such as ground holes and dense vegetation around recent tree falls.
Communication and Academic Challenges in Early Adolescence for Children Who Have Been Adopted From the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Beverly Brenda L. , McGuinness Teena M. , Blanton Debra J. 
Published: July 2008

PurposeThis was a Time II survey of outcomes for children, now ages 9 to 13 years, who were almost 4 years old on average when they were adopted from the former Soviet Union.MethodAs part of a larger study (see T. McGuinness, R. Ryan, & C. Broadus Robinson, 2005), parents of 55 children (Mage = 11 years) were surveyed regarding their children’s speech-language, behavior, and eligibility for special education. The children’s mean length of institutionalization was 36 months.ResultsA total of 45, or 82%, of the children had at least one special education label. The most frequent was communication disorder, which was reported for 34 children, or 62%. The frequency of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was high, 42%. The ratio of boys to girls for communication disorders and ADHD was 1.5:1. Girls who were adopted after 36 months of age were 4 times more likely than girls who were adopted before 36 months to be labeled ADHD, and children with low birth weight exhibited learning disabilities twice as often as children with normal birth weight.ConclusionSpeech-language, learning, and attention deficits for late-adopted, early adolescent children were higher than expected. These children from the former Soviet Union experienced substantial preadoption adversity associated with lengthy orphanage stays and poor care. Gender and low birth weight were also factors.
The Application of Evidence-Based Practice to Nonspeech Oral Motor Treatments
Authors: Lass Norman J. , Pannbacker Mary 
Published: July 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to help speech-language pathologists (SLPs) apply the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP) to nonspeech oral motor treatments (NSOMTs) in order to make valid, evidence-based decisions about NSOMTs and thus determine if they are viable treatment approaches for the management of communication disorders.MethodA detailed description of EBP is provided, including levels of evidence for rating the quality of evidence. NSOMTs are described and a survey of the literature on NSOMTs is provided along with a determination of the level of evidence of each study reported. A systematic literature search was conducted using the electronic databases of MEDLINE and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) within an unrestricted time period. In addition, reference lists from identified articles were also reviewed. Ethical and fiscal issues related to EBP and NSOMTs, as well as clinical implications of EBP for the use of NSOMTs, are discussed.ResultsA total of 45 articles/reports were published between 1981 and 2006 in peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journals. Most of the sources (25) relied on weak anecdotal evidence and opinions. Moreover, studies that employed stronger designs reported negative results for NSOMTs (i.e., evidence against the use of NSOMTs for modifying speech).ConclusionDespite their use for many years and their popularity among some SLPs for the treatment of a wide variety of speech problems in children and adults, NSOMTs are controversial because sufficient evidence does not exist to support their effectiveness in improving speech. Moreover, limited evidence exists for the use of NSOMTs to facilitate nonspeech activities. Therefore, the available evidence does not support the continued use of NSOMTs as a standard treatment and they should be excluded from use as a mainstream treatment until there are further data. SLPs should consider the principles of EBP in making decisions about NSOMTs.
RBC Aggregation: More Important than RBC Adhesion to Endothelial Cells as a Determinant of In Vivo Blood Flow in Health and Disease
Authors: BASKURT OGUZ K. , MEISELMAN HERBERT J. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTAlthough the shear‐dependent and reversible phenomenon of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation has been studied for decades, its role as a determinant of in vivo blood flow in both health and disease has not yet been fully documented. In this brief review, we present compelling arguments, supported by literature evidence, that in vivo flow dynamics are more affected by RBC aggregation than by RBC adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). A companion article (i.e., a “counter‐point”) published in this issue of the journal argues that in disease states, RBC‐EC adhesion is the more important determinant.
PuReD-MCL: a graph-based PubMed document clustering methodology
Authors: Theodosiou T. , Darzentas N. , Angelis L. , Ouzounis C. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMotivation: Biomedical literature is the principal repository of biomedical knowledge, with PubMed being the most complete database collecting, organizing and analyzing such textual knowledge. There are numerous efforts that attempt to exploit this information by using text mining and machine learning techniques. We developed a novel approach, called PuReD-MCL (Pubmed Related Documents-MCL), which is based on the graph clustering algorithm MCL and relevant resources from PubMed.Methods: PuReD-MCL avoids using natural language processing (NLP) techniques directly; instead, it takes advantage of existing resources, available from PubMed. PuReD-MCL then clusters documents efficiently using the MCL graph clustering algorithm, which is based on graph flow simulation. This process allows users to analyse the results by highlighting important clues, and finally to visualize the clusters and all relevant information using an interactive graph layout algorithm, for instance BioLayout Express 3D.Results: The methodology was applied to two different datasets, previously used for the validation of the document clustering tool TextQuest. The first dataset involves the organisms Escherichia coli and yeast, whereas the second is related to Drosophila development. PuReD-MCL successfully reproduces the annotated results obtained from TextQuest, while at the same time provides additional insights into the clusters and the corresponding documents.Availability: Source code in perl and R are available from http://tartara.csd.auth.gr/~theodos/Contact: theodos@csd.auth.gr
Foliar Symptom Expression in Association with Early Infection and Xylem Colonization by Fusarium virguliforme (formerly F. solani f. sp. glycines), the Causal Agent of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome
Authors: Navi Shrishail S. , Yang X. B. 
Published: June 2008

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium virguliforme (FV), is a root disease that results in severe foliar symptoms during the reproductive stage. In a regular growing season, an epidemic of SDS is highly correlated with the planting date and the disease tends to be more severe in earlier planted soybeans. Occurrence of infection early in the season is likely to result in colonization in the xylem and phloem tissues, a process essential for foliar symptom expression because xylem tissues are upward pathways in soybean plants. To demonstrate the biology of this infection, we used an effective and quantifiable seedling inoculation technique in which germinated seeds in a Petri dish were spray-inoculated with conidial suspension before being transplanted. Plants that had foliar symptoms showed both external and internal discolored taproots and basal stems, while plants with no foliar symptoms had only superficial discoloration. Microtome sectioning of taproots of plants that had foliar symptoms revealed the presence of fungal structures in both xylem and phloem tissues, while plants that had no foliar symptoms revealed fungal structures only in phloem tissue. A scanning electron microscope study showed a higher penetration frequency of FV near the root-cap zone where few or no root hairs of the radicle were found. These results indicate that fungal penetration into the xylem tissue plays a role in foliar symptom expression. Accepted for publication 10 December 2007. Published 22 February 2008.
Adult Corn Earworm (Helicoverpa zea) Susceptibility to Methomyl
Authors: Herbert D. Ames , Malone Sean , Kuhar Thomas P. , Portillo Hector E. , Saienni Joe P. , Williams Robert W. 
Published: June 2008

Adult vial testing procedures were used to determine susceptibility of male corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) to methomyl. Rate response bioassays using 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg ai/vial were conducted using a laboratory colony. Results showed 10, 30, 70, 80, 80, 90, and 100% mortality at these rates. Field-collected moths from pheromone traps in Virginia were assayed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 times the 25 μg ai/vial rate (100% laboratory colony mortality rate). After 24 h exposure, 3.7 and 2.6% of moths survived the 12.5 and 25 μg ai/vial rates, with 100% mortality at all other rates. These results indicate that future assays should include lower rates in order to establish a baseline rate range for detecting susceptibility or resistance. Accepted for publication 18 December 2007. Published 12 March 2008.
Filtration to Eliminate Phytophthora spp. from Recirculating Water Systems in Commercial Nurseries
Authors: Ufer Thorsten , Werres Sabine , Posner Martin , Wessels Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2008

Three filtration systems using slow sand filtration (SSF) and one using lava grain filtration (LGF) were tested for their ability to eliminate Phytophthora spp. from recycled water in commercial ornamental nurseries over four years. Samples were taken in May, August, and October of each year. Phytophthora spp. could not be detected in any of the filter effluents when filters were operating normally. Water stored in clean water reservoirs that were filled only with filtered water and were well protected from contamination via soil and air remained free of Phytophthora. All four filtration systems produced sufficient quantities of water for nursery production. The maximum annual quantity of water demanded by the nurseries ranged from 30,000 to 163,000 m3. The cost for 1 m3 filtered water was lowest for slow sand filtration compared with lava grain filtration. Recommendations for designing systems suitable for large ornamental nurseries with open air recycling systems are discussed. Accepted for publication 20 December 2007. Published 14 March 2008.
A Decade of Hop Powdery Mildew in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Gent David H. , Nelson Mark E. , George Ann E. , Grove Gary G. , Mahaffee Walter F. , Ocamb Cynthia M. , Barbour James D. , Peetz Amy , Turechek William W. 
Published: June 2008

Hop powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Podosphaera macularis, was confirmed for the first time in hop yards in the United States Pacific Northwest in 1997. The US hop industry experienced significantly crop loss and damage from the disease, but new knowledge, grower experience, and management approaches have allowed the industry to survive the introduction of this damaging pathogen. This review provides an overview of research on and progress towards economically sustainable management of hop powdery mildew in the US, and future directions for research and further innovation. Accepted for publication 2 January 2008. Published 14 March 2008.
Biomass Yield Reductions in Switchgrass Due To Smut Caused by Tilletia maclaganii
Authors: Thomsen Paige M. , Brummer E. Charles , Shriver John , Munkvold Gary P. 
Published: June 2008

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is an attractive biomass crop for renewable energy, but there is little information on disease losses. Tilletia maclaganii causes a smut disease of switchgrass that results in stunting, premature flowering, and replacement of seeds by fungal sori. We conducted a study in naturally-infested fields to describe the impact of smut on biomass yield. Ten fields were sampled; smut incidence, stand density, and biomass yield were determined. Disease incidence varied from 0.7 to 55.4% (26% overall) and biomass varied from 174 to 617 g/m2. Mean biomass/tiller was significantly reduced by the disease in each field, by 38 to 82%. Yield loss was calculated based on the ratio of mean biomass/tiller for samples (actual yield) and mean biomass/tiller for healthy tillers (attainable yield). Yield loss estimates ranged from 1.7 to 40.1% among the fields. There was a strongly linear relationship (R2 = 0.95) between disease incidence and yield loss, and regression analysis estimated a 0.66% reduction in yield for every 1% increase in disease incidence. According to this model, yield loss for all sampled fields was estimated at 17.0%. This disease is having a significant impact on biomass production in Iowa, and there is a critical need for research on management approaches if switchgrass is to be successful as a feedstock for lignocellulosic ethanol production. Accepted for publication 2 January 2008. Published 17 March 2008.
Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Agents to Suppress Fusarium and Pythium Damping-Off of Container-Grown Douglas-fir Seedlings
Authors: Linderman Robert G. , Davis E. Anne , Masters Charles J. 
Published: June 2008

Douglas-fir seedlings are susceptible to Fusarium or Pythium damping-off that currently is controlled by pre-plant soil fumigation in bareroot nurseries and steam pasteurization or chemical drenches of soilless media in container nurseries. However, because few chemical or biological agents are registered for use on conifer seedlings, we tested several on greenhouse-grown seedlings and found that over-seed applications of Cleary's 3336, Strike, Compass, Compass + Strike, Cygnus, Endura, Medallion, Medallion + Strike, Thiram, and Enzone effectively suppressed pre-emergence damping-off by Fusarium oxysporum, but only Cleary's 3336WP and Medallion + Strike also reduced post-emergence damping-off. Compass, Medallion, and Thiram reduced post-emergence damping-off, but not to a statistically significant level. Pre-emergence damping-off by Pythium irregulare was reduced only by Ranman, but post-emergence damping-off was reduced by Thiram, Hurricane, Ranman, and Subdue MAXX. Over-seed drenches of biological control agents Companion, Kodiak, Subtilex, Taegro, Primastop, SoilGard, Actinovate, Mycostop, RootShield, and Green-Releaf were ineffective in suppressing either Fusarium or Pythium diseases, and combining several agents with chemicals did not improve efficacy. These results provide data in support of registration of some of the effective chemicals, but no biological control agents, for the control of conifer seedling damping-off. Accepted for publication 14 January 2008. Published 17 March 2008.
Efficacy of Organically Acceptable Fungicides for Management of Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases on Partially Resistant Peanut Cultivars
Authors: Cantonwine E. G. , Culbreath A. K. , Shew B. B. , Boudreau M. A. 
Published: June 2008

Field experiments were carried out in Georgia and North Carolina to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides approved for the organic management of early leaf spot, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by Cercosporidium personatum, in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) fields planted to cultivars with partial resistance to one or both pathogens. Copper treatments alone or in mixtures resulted in less disease than a non-treated control. In Georgia, sulfur provided some disease suppression, but not as much as treatments with copper sulfate. Neem oil did not affect disease severity. Mean pod yields across years were significantly greater than the non-treated control only for copper sulfate in Georgia and cupric hydroxide in North Carolina. The minimal yield response to treatments suggests that under similar situations, the frequency of copper-based fungicide applications may be reduced with little affect on yield. Accepted for publication 16 January 2008. Published 17 March 2008.
Occurrence and Prevalence of Foliar Diseases on Blueberry in Georgia
Authors: Scherm H. , Savelle A. T. , Brannen P. M. , Krewer G. 
Published: June 2008

Qualitative and quantitative information about the occurrence and prevalence of fungal species causing foliar diseases on blueberry in the southeastern United States is limited. To close this knowledge gap, a field survey was conducted in 2002 and 2003 involving a total of 177 samples (cultivar-site-year combinations) from plantings of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberry cultivars in Georgia. Among eight cultivars, Powderblue was the least affected cultivar whereas Star had high foliar disease levels in both years. Averaged by cultivar and year, there was a significant positive correlation between defoliation and disease severity. Septoria leaf spot and Gloeosporium leaf spot were the most prevalent and most severe foliar diseases, occurring on > 30% of samples in both years. Pestalotia leaf spot, Phyllosticta leaf spot, and leaf rust occurred at intermediate prevalence levels. Among these three diseases, leaf rust was most severe (especially in 2003) whereas Pestalotia leaf spot was associated with secondary infections and occurred mostly on southern highbush cultivars. Algal leaf spot and powdery mildew occurred infrequently and inconsistently. More than 70% of leaf samples, especially from the rabbiteye cultivars, showed symptoms of non-pathogenic leaf damage. The foliar disease complex on blueberry in Georgia is considerably more diverse than previously appreciated. Accepted for publication 31 January 2008. Published 21 April 2008.
Evaluation of Sorghum Germplasm from China against Claviceps africana, Causal Agent of Sorghum Ergot
Authors: Prom Louis K. , Erpelding John E. , Montes-Garcia Noe 
Published: June 2008

Forty Chinese sorghum landraces maintained by the USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA were evaluated for ergot resistance at the Texas A&M Research Farm, College Station, Texas, during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. The male sterile line, ATx623, was included as a susceptible control and three IS8525 derived lines were included as resistant controls. The disease infection level was low in the susceptible check in 2005 due to unfavorable environmental conditions, but the majority of the Chinese accessions showed a higher level of tolerance than the resistant controls and in contrast, infection severity was high in 2006. The IS8525 resistant controls averaged 25% infection compared to an average infection of 18% for the 40 Chinese accessions. Four Chinese accessions, PI63923, PI511832, PI610749, and PI610688, recorded less than 10% ergot infection and thus, these four accessions may possess genes for ergot resistance. Further research is underway to evaluate these accessions under multi-environments to confirm resistance and to determine if the resistance is associated with pollination characteristics. Accepted for publication 19 February 2008. Published 19 May 2008.
Reaction of Drought-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes to Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Wrather J. A. , Shannon J. G. , Carter T. E. , Bond J. P. , Rupe J. C. , Almeida A. M. R. 
Published: June 2008

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a common disease of many crops including common bean and soybean. Incidence and severity of charcoal rot are enhanced when plants are drought stressed. Resistance to this pathogen in some common bean genotypes was associated with drought tolerance. Resistance to M. phaseolina among soybean genotypes has not been identified, although a few have been rated moderately resistant based on less root tissue colonization by this pathogen compared to other genotypes. A few soybean genotypes have been rated as slow-wilt or drought-tolerant. The reaction of drought-tolerant soybean to M. phaseolina compared to intolerant or drought-sensitive genotypes has not been determined. Our objective was to determine if there were differences in root colonization by M. phaseolina between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean genotypes. Drought tolerance of the soybean genotypes and root colonization by M. phaseolina at the R6 and R8 stages of growth were not related in this study. Some drought-tolerant soybean genotypes may resist root colonization by M. phaseolina, but our results suggest that this is not true for all drought-tolerant genotypes. Accepted for publication 21 March 2008. Published 18 June 2008.
Clarifying the Source of Black Shank Resistance in Flue-cured Tobacco
Authors: Johnson Charles S. , Pattison Jeremy A. , Clevinger Elizabeth M. , Melton Thomas A. , Fortnum Bruce A. , Mila Asamina 
Published: June 2008

Widespread use of resistance to race 0 of Phytophthora nicotianae in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has increased problems with race 1 in commercial fields. The RAPD marker UBC30, tightly linked to the Ph gene for resistance to race 0, was used to clarify the presence of the Ph gene in specific cultivars to enable farmers to more appropriately match cultivar resistance to the pathogen races predominating in their fields. The marker UBC30 was present in 20 of the 31 flue-cured tobacco cultivars tested, including CC 27, GL 350, NC 196, SP 220, SP 225, SP 227, and NC 810. These cultivars were previously thought to not possess the Ph gene. Presence of UBC30 was highly correlated (r = 0.93; P ≤ 0.001) with survival in fields infested primarily with race 0, and with greater survival in fields infested primarily with race 0 versus race 1 of the pathogen (r = 0.76; P ≤ 0.001). The likely presence of the Ph gene in so many currently grown flue-cured tobacco cultivars may limit farmers' ability to shift pathogen populations back to race 0 from race 1 via the recommended cultivar rotation strategy. Accepted for publication 27 February 2008. Published 18 June 2008.