bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of BK polyoma viruria in Japanese children and adults with hemorrhagic cystitis complicating stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tanaka Kaori , Hori Tsukasa , Hatakeyama Naoki , Yamamoto Masaki , Takayama Rumiko , Yoto Yuko , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Hayashi Toshiaki , Ikeda Yukiho , Ikeda Hiroshi , Ishida Tadao , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPolyoma BK virus (BKV) is frequently found in the urine of stem cell transplantation (SCT) patients with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), but also occurs in SCT patients without HC. How BK viruria relates to the development of HC in SCT patients, especially in children, has not yet been fully evaluated. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship of several factors including urinary BKV load to HC development in children and adults undergoing SCT. We employed a quantitative PCR assay and evaluated 37 patients (aged 9 months–62 years) of whom 12 developed HC and 25 did not. Older age was a risk factor for the development of HC; however, other factors such as sex, primary disease, type of SCT, conditioning regimen and aGVHD were not. Peak urinary BKV values in HC patients were not higher than those in non‐HC patients. Severity of HC also did not correlate with urinary BKV loads. However, in some patients who secreted higher urinary BKV loads, the peak loads were closely related with the onset of HC. Higher BKV loads may be a risk factor for the development of HC in conjunction with other coexisting factors. J. Med. Virol. 80:2108–2112, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PL‐100, a novel HIV‐1 protease inhibitor displaying a high genetic barrier to resistance: An in vitro selection study
Authors: Dandache Serge , Coburn Craig A. , Oliveira Maureen , Allison Timothy J. , Holloway M. Katharine , Wu Jinzi J. , Stranix Brent R. , Panchal Chandra , Wainberg Mark A. , Vacca Joseph P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe development of new HIV inhibitors with distinct resistance profiles is essential in order to combat the development of multi‐resistant viral strains. A drug discovery program based on the identification of compounds that are active against drug‐resistant viruses has produced PL‐100, a novel potent protease inhibitor (PI) that incorporates a lysine‐based scaffold. A selection for resistance against PL‐100 in cord blood mononuclear cells was performed, using the laboratory‐adapted IIIb strain of HIV‐1, and it was shown that resistance appears to develop slower against this compound than against amprenavir, which was studied as a control. Four mutations in protease (PR) were selected after 25 weeks: two flap mutations (K45R and M46I) and two novel active site mutations (T80I and P81S). Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that all four mutations were required to develop low‐level resistance to PL‐100, which is indicative of the high genetic barrier of the compound. Importantly, these mutations did not cause cross‐resistance to currently marketed PIs. In contrast, the P81S mutation alone caused hypersensitivity to two other PIs, saquinavir (SQV) and nelfinavir (NFV). Analysis of p55Gag processing showed that a marked defect in protease activity caused by mutation P81S could only be compensated when K45R and M46I were present. These data correlated well with the replication capacity (RC) of the mutant viruses as measured by a standard viral growth assay, since only viruses containing all four mutations approached the RC of wild type virus. X‐ray crystallography provided insight on the structural basis of the resistance conferred by the identified mutations. J. Med. Virol. 80:2053–2063, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiviral effect of human saliva against hantavirus
Authors: Hardestam Jonas , Petterson Lisa , Ahlm Clas , Evander Magnus , Lundkvist Åke , Klingström Jonas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are zoonotic diseases caused by rodent borne hantaviruses. Transmission to humans occurs usually by inhalation of aerozolized virus‐contaminated rodent excreta. Although human‐to‐human transmission of Andes hantavirus has been observed, the mode of transmission is currently not known. Saliva from Puumala hantavirus (PUUV)‐infected patients was shown recently to contain viral RNA. To test if human saliva interferes with hantavirus replication, the effect of saliva and salivary proteins on hantavirus replication was studied. It was observed that saliva from healthy individuals reduced Hantaan hantavirus (HTNV) infectivity, although not completely. Furthermore, HTNV was resistant against the antiviral capacity of histatin 5, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and SLPI, but was inhibited by mucin. Inoculation of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) with HFRS‐patient saliva, positive for PUUV‐RNA, did not induce sero‐conversion. In conclusion, no evidence of infectious virus in patient saliva was found. However, the in vitro experiments showed that HTNV, the prototype hantavirus, is insensitive to several antiviral salivary proteins, and is partly resistant to the antiviral effect of saliva. It therefore remains to be shown if human saliva might contain infectious virions early during infection, that is, before seroconversion. J. Med. Virol. 80:2122–2126, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High frequency of rotavirus viremia in children with acute gastroenteritis: Discordance of strains detected in stool and sera
Authors: Chitambar Shobha D. , Tatte Vaishali S. , Dhongde Ram , Kalrao Vijay 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecently, rotavirus antigenemia and viremia have been identified in patients with acute gastroenteritis. This study examined rotavirus viremia in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in order to establish its association with fecal shedding of rotavirus, infecting genotypes and antibody marker of acute infection. Thirty‐one pairs of stool–serum specimens were collected from November 2004 to February 2005 together with clinical information. All paired specimens were screened for rotavirus RNA by RT‐PCR using the VP6 gene primers. All stool and serum specimens were tested for rotavirus antigen and anti‐rotavirus IgM respectively by ELISA. Sixteen of 31 stool–serum pairs showed the presence of rotavirus RNA. Nine stool and two serum specimens were positive only by RT‐PCR. The total positivity in rotavirus RNA was significantly higher in both stools (80.6%) and sera (58.1%) than that of stool antigen (38.7%) and anti‐rotavirus IgM (25.8%) (P < 0.01). All PCR positive paired specimens were typed for the VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes. Five of sixteen pairs could be typed for both genes. Three of the five pairs showed concordance (G2P[4]/G2P[4]) while two showed discordance (G12P[8]/G2P[4], G8P[4]/G2P[4]) in the genotypes detected in stool and serum specimens respectively. The study documents a high frequency of rotavirus viremia in patients with acute diarrhea. The discordance of rotavirus strains at the genotypic level in the serum and stool of individual patients with diarrhea suggests the susceptibility of extra‐intestinal sites for rotavirus infection and the possibility of differential dissemination of rotavirus strains from the intestine. J. Med. Virol. 80:2169–2176, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bracketing team boundary spanning: An examination of task‐based, team‐level, and contextual antecedents
Authors: Joshi Aparna , Pandey Niti , Han Guohong (Helen) 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere is growing recognition that teams do not function in a vacuum and that external boundary activities are important predictors of team performance, effectiveness, and knowledge sharing. In the past, researchers have focused on the effects of team composition or task characteristics as antecedents of critical boundary spanning activities. However, less effort has been directed at understanding how antecedents at multiple levels can simultaneously influence boundary spanning behavior in teams. This paper takes stock of over 20 years of research on the topic of team boundary spanning. Adopting a “bracketing” approach etc., we develop a multi‐level theoretical model to guide future research on the determinants of team boundary spanning. This model specifies task‐based, team‐level, and contextual antecedents of team boundary spanning and outlines the contingencies shaping the emergence of effective boundary‐management behavior in teams. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil organic carbon–stock changes in Flemish grassland soils from 1990 to 2000
Authors: Mestdagh Inge , Sleutel Steven , Lootens Peter , Van Cleemput Oswald , Beheydt Daan , Boeckx Pascal , De Neve Stefaan , Hofman George , Van Camp Nancy , Vande Walle Inge , Samson Roeland , Verheyen Kris , Lemeur Raoul , Carlier Lucien 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTotal soil organic‐carbon (SOC) stocks for grassland soils in Flanders (N Belgium) were determined for the Kyoto Protocol reference year 1990 and 2000 in order to investigate whether these soils have been CO2 sinks or sources during that period. The stocks were calculated by means of detailed SOC datasets, which were available at the community scale for the whole of Flanders. The total SOC stocks for Flemish grassland soils (1 m depth) were estimated at 38 Mt SOC in 1990 and 34 Mt SOC in 2000. The loss of SOC resulted from a decrease in the SOC content of grassland soils (71%) and could also partly (29%) be explained by a decline in grassland area. Significant decreases in %SOC for the 0–6 cm depth layer were found for the 1990s for the coarser‐textured soils with SOC losses ranging between –0.3% and –0.5% over the 10 y period. Specific management practices that disturb the SOC balance such as conversion to temporary grassland and a reduction of animal‐manure application are hypothesized to have contributed to the observed loss of SOC stocks. We furthermore conducted an analysis of uncertainty of the 1990 and 2000 grassland SOC–stocks calculation using Monte Carlo analysis. Probability‐distribution functions were determined for each of the inputs of the SOC‐stock calculation, enabling us to assess the uncertainty on the 1990 and 2000 SOC stocks. The frequency distributions of these simulated stocks both closely approached lognormal distributions, and their 95%‐confidence intervals ranged between 150% and 50% of the calculated mean SOC stock. The standard error on the measured decrease in SOC stocks in Flemish grassland soils during the 1990s was calculated to be 7–8 Tg SOC, which is equivalent to twice this decrease. This clearly shows that large‐scale changes in SOC stocks are uncertainty‐ridden, even when they are based on detailed datasets.
Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): Early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665
Authors: Eisenberg Burton L. , Harris Jonathan , Blanke Charles D. , Demetri George D. , Heinrich Michael C. , Watson James C. , Hoffman John P. , Okuno Scott , Kane John M. , von Mehren Margaret 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundTherapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has changed significantly with the use of imatinib mesylate (IM). Despite the success of this drug in metastatic GIST, disease progression remains a perplexing clinical issue suggesting the need for multimodality management. There have been no prospective studies either evaluating the neoadjuvant use of IM in primary GIST or as a preoperative cytoreduction agent for metastatic GIST.MethodsRTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665 was a prospective phase II study evaluating safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant IM (600 mg/day) for patients with primary GIST or the preop use of IM in patients with operable metastatic GIST. The trial continued postop IM for 2 years.ResultsSixty‐three patients were entered (52 analyzable), 30 patients with primary GIST (Group A) and 22 with recurrent metastatic GIST (Group B). Response (RECIST) in Group A was (7% partial, 83% stable, 10% unknown), in Group B (4.5% partial, 91% stable, 4.5% progression). Two‐year progression free survival (Group A 83%, Group B 77%). Estimated overall survival (Group A 93%, Group B 91%). Complications of surgery and IM toxicity were minimal.ConclusionThis trial represents the first prospective report of preop IM in GIST. This approach is feasible, requires multidisciplinary consultations, and is not associated with notable postop complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:42–47. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant abdominal mesothelioma: Defining the role of surgery
Authors: Rodríguez Dayron , Cheung Michael C. , Housri Nadine , Koniaris Leonidas G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the role of surgery for patients with malignant abdominal mesotheliomas (MAMs).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973–2005) was queried.ResultsOverall, 10,589 cases of malignant mesotheliomas were identified. Of these, 9,211 cases were thoracic (TM) and 1,112 cases were MAM (10.5%). Patients with TM presented with more localized disease than those patients with MAM (P < 0.001). MAM more often affected younger patients (63 years vs. 71 years) (P < 0.001). The annual incidence of MAM was approximately 1.00 case per 100,000 in 2005. Overall median survival for MAM patients was 8 months, with a significant difference between women and men (13 months vs. 6 months, respectively) (P < 0.001). Patients who successfully underwent surgical resection had a considerably longer median survival (20 months vs. 4 months, P < 0.001) as well as a significantly higher 5‐year survival (28% vs. 12%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified that a poorly differentiated tumor grade, failure to undertake surgical resection, advanced age, and male gender were all independent predictors of poorer outcome.ConclusionSurgical extirpation of MAM may be associated with significantly improved survival. All patients with MAM should be evaluated for potential surgical resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:51–57. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of SPE‐HPLC determination of 1,4‐benzodiazepines and metabolites in blood plasma, urine, and saliva
Authors: Nasir Uddin Mohammad , Samanidou Victoria F. , Papadoyannis Ioannis N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA simple, sensitive, selective, and reproducible RP‐HPLC method with DAD detection at 240 nm was developed for the determination of six 1,4‐benzodiazepines: bromazepam (BRZ), clonazepam (CLZ), diazepam (DZP), flunitrazepam (FNZ), lorazepam (LRZ), alprazolam (APZ); and two metabolites: α‐hydroxyalprazolam (HALZ) and α‐hydroxytriazolam (HTZL) in human plasma, urine, and saliva, using colchicine as internal standard, after SPE using Nexus Varian cartridges. Separation was performed on a Kromasil C8 (250 mm×5 mm, 5 μm) analytical column with a gradient mobile phase containing methanol, ACN and 0.05 M ammonium acetate. Linearity was held within the range 0.3–20.0 ng/μL, with coefficients of determination (r2) better than 0.997. The within‐ and between‐day assay RSD at 2, 4, 8 ng/μL ranged from 0.03 to 4.7% and 0.5 to 7.0%, respectively in standards, from 1.3 to 7.9% and 3.3 to 7.3%, respectively in plasma, from 2.1 to 6.0% and 2.1 to 7.8%, respectively in urine and at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 ng/μL ranged from 2.22 to 5.8% and 2.2 to 8.1%, respectively, in saliva. The mean relative recoveries were 96.3–108.6, 96.0–108.2, 94.3–107.1, 97.0–107.0% in within‐day assay and 96.8–107.7, 94.6–107.6, 93.2–105.8, 96.0–108.6 in between‐day assay for standard, plasma, urine, and saliva, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were 0.02–0.47 and 0.07–1.57 ng/μL, respectively.
Determination of quinolone antibiotics in urine by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Jia Yu‐Xiu , Tian Wei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel and simple method is presented for the determination of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. This method is based on the enhancing effect of quinolones on the chemiluminescence reaction of the Ce(SO4)2–Ru(bpy)32+–HNO3 system. Three quinolones were successfully separated and detected under optimum conditions. The obtained detection limits were 2.3×10–7 mol/L, 5.2×10–8 mol/L, and 7.8×10–8 mol/L for ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin, respectively. The RSD of migration time and peak area were less than 1.8 and 3.8% (n = 5), respectively. The applicability of the proposed method was illustrated in the determination of ofloxacin in eye drops and of norfloxacin in human urine samples, and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics for norfloxacin.
HPLC quantification of dye flavonoids in Reseda luteola L. from Portugal
Authors: Moiteiro Cristina , Gaspar Helena , Rodrigues Ana I. , Lopes João F. , Carnide Valdemar 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous identification of Reseda luteola L. (weld) flavonoids and quantification of the main compounds responsible for the yellow color. This method was applied to a large number of wild Portuguese weld to evaluate its potential application as dyestuff for textile factories, as a substitute for the synthetic dyes currently used. Portuguese weld dyestuff content ranged between 1.04 and 5.87%, corresponding to a wide variation of the flavonoids amount (1.39–9.04%). Luteolin 4′‐O‐glucoside was found for the first time in R. luteola, but kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and their glycosides were not detected in the Portuguese specimens.
An Easy Strategy for the Synthesis of Well‐Defined Aliphatic‐Aromatic Hyperbranched Polyesters
Authors: Schallausky F. , Erber M. , Komber H. , Lederer A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA one‐pot solution polymerization under mild conditions was adapted for the synthesis of well‐defined aliphatic‐aromatic polyesters with different degrees of branching. The esterification was performed at room temperature using 4,4‐bis(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid (AB2) and 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (AB) as monomers. DPTS was used as a catalyst and DCC as a coupling agent. Polyesters with statistical, dendritic topology, controlled degree of branching and $\overline M _{\rm w}$ > 35 000 g · mol−1 were obtained. The polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, SEC, DSC, and TGA. A strong dependence of the degree of branching and the thermal properties of the polymers depending on the AB/AB2 monomer ratio was observed.magnified image
Some remarks on global existence to the Cauchy problem of the wave equation with nonlinear dissipation
Authors: Amroun Nour‐Eddine , Benaissa Abbès 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper we prove the existence of global decaying H2 solutions to the Cauchy problem for a wave equation with a nonlinear dissipative term by constructing a stable set in H1(ℝn ). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Curves without plane model of small degree
Authors: Keem Changho , Martens Gerriet 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLet C be a smooth irreducible projective curve of genus g > 0 and sC (2) the minimal degree of plane models of C. Clearly, sC (2) ≤ g + 2. Our main result is: sC (2) = g + 2 – t (for some integer t ≥ 0) implies that C is a double cover of a curve of genus at most t provided that g is not too small with respect to t. For small t we can be more precise. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the geometry of orthonormal frame bundles
Authors: Kowalski Oldřich , Sekizawa Masami 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper we are studying the geometry of orthonormal frame bundles over Riemannian manifolds, which are equipped, as submanifolds of the full frame bundles, by the induced Sasaki–Mok metric. All kinds of curvatures are calculated and many geometric results are proved. It seems that the geometry of the orthogonal frame bundles is much more interesting (and more “flexible”) than that of the general frame bundles studied earlier by L. A. Cordero and M. de León. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) in a Novel Conducting Amphiphilic Block Copolymer
Authors: Craley C. Rockford , Zhang Rui , Kowalewski Tomasz , McCullough Richard D. , Stefan Mihaela C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRegioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) has been successfully incorporated into a novel amphiphilic block copolymer. The amphiphilic nature of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) has been investigated using spectroscopic methods and has yielded solvatochromic behavior in several solvents of varying polarity. Evidence suggests that a supramolecular, long range ordering of block copolymer occurs in polar solvents, resulting in the formation of aggregates. Despite relatively large amounts of non‐conductive blocks, the poly(3‐hexylthiophene) diblock copolymer yields a high conductivity of 1 S · cm−1, and atomic force microscopy shows the formation of a highly organized nanofibrilar morphology in the solid state.magnified image
Phosphorus Ligands for Iron(III)‐Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Xue Zhigang , Oh Hyun Sook , Noh Seok Kyun , Lyoo Won Seok 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe iron(III)‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully employed using tributylphosphine (TBP) and trimethylphosphite (TMP) as ligands in the absence of a reducing agent. The effects of solvent and initiator on polymerization of MMA were investigated. Most of the polymerizations with these ligands were well controlled with a linear increase in the number average molecular weights ($\overline M _{\rm n}$) versus conversion and relatively low molecular weight distribution ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.2–1.4) throughout the reactions, and the measured weights matched with the predicted values. The ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBriB) initiated ATRP of MMA with the FeBr3/TBP or FeBr3/TMP catalytic system was better controlled in toluene than in the other solvents used in this study at 80 °C.magnified image
Grafted Polymer Chains Interacting with Substrates: Computer Simulations and Scaling
Authors: Descas Radu , Sommer Jens‐Uwe , Blumen Alexander 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe review scaling methods and computer simulations used in the study of the static and dynamic properties of polymer chains tethered to adsorbing surfaces under good solvent conditions. By varying both the grafting density and the monomer/surface interactions a variety of phases can form. In particular, for attractive interactions between the chains and the surface the classical mushroom‐brush transition known for repulsive substrates splits up into an overlap transition and a saturation transition which enclose a region of semidilute surface states. At high grafting densities oversaturation effects and a transition to a brush state can occur. We emphasize the role of the critical adsorption parameters for a correct description and understanding of such polymer adsorption phenomena.magnified image
Beyond HCF – Is there a fatigue limit?
Authors: Berger C. , Pyttel B. , Schwerdt D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe paper gives an overview to the present state of research on fatigue strength and failure mechanisms at very high number of cycles (N>107). Testing facilities are listed. A classification of materials with typical S‐N curves and influencing factors like notches, residual stresses and environment are given. Different failure mechanisms, which occur especially in the VHCF‐region like subsurface failure, are explained. There microstructural inhomogeneities and statistical conditions play an important role. Investigated materials are different metals with body‐centred cubic lattice like low‐ or high‐strength steels and quenched and tempered steels but also materials with a face‐centred cubic lattice like aluminium alloys and copper.