bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Spaceborne Remote Sensing
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Painter Thomas H. , Forster Rick , Cline Don , Armstrong Richard , Haran Terry , McDonald Kyle , Elder Kelly 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
This paper describes satellite data collected as part of the 2002/03 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include multispectral and hyperspectral optical imaging, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The CLPX multispectral optical data include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM+), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR). The spaceborne hyperspectral optical data consist of measurements acquired with the NASA Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion imaging spectrometer. The passive microwave data include observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) for Earth Observing System (EOS; AMSR-E). Observations from the Radarsat synthetic aperture radar and the SeaWinds scatterometer flown on QuikSCAT make up the active microwave data.
An Interview With the Rt. Hon. Earl Russell, O.M., F.R.S
Authors: Russell Bertrand 
Published: March 2008

In August of this year, Dr. Dalzell-Ward visited Lord Russell at his home and discussed subjects which ranged from mental health to the wellbeing of the aged, and which included the special problems of the adolescent. As readers will see, Lord Russell had some valuable advice to offer pn the use of leisure, and advocated adventure and the challenge of natural forces for the young. We wish to express our gratitude to Lord Russell for granting this interview and for permission to publish the following extracts from the discussion.
Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate and Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Kane Timothy P. C. , Ismail Muhammad , Calder James D. F. 
Published: March 2008

Background Topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) therapy has been advocated in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. The mechanism of action is unknown but may be related to modulation of local nitric oxide levels. Hypothesis Topical GTN therapy for noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy will significantly enhance clinical improvement and will be associated with increased collagen synthesis within the tendon. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Forty patients were recruited. Twenty underwent standard nonoperative physical therapy, and 20 underwent physical therapy and topical GTN daily. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) visual analog score. Patients who failed to improve with conservative measures and who underwent surgical decompression had histological and immunohistochemical examination of samples from the Achilles tendon. Results Glyceryl trinitrate did not offer any additional clinical benefit over standard nonoperative treatment for noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. After 6 months of treatment, there was no significant difference in scores between the groups for pain (3.0 vs 3.1, P = .42) or disability (2.15 vs 2.25, P = .38). Histological examination did not show any difference in neovascularization, collagen synthesis, or stimulated fibroblasts between the 2 groups. There was no evidence of modulation of nitric oxide synthase, a marker of nitric oxide production, in those tendons treated with GTN. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance This study has failed to support the clinical benefit of GTN patches previously described in the literature. In the available tissue samples, there did not appear to be any histological or immunohistochemical change in Achilles tendinopathy treated with GTN compared with those undergoing standard nonoperative therapy.
Effect of a Neuromuscular Training Program on the Kinetics and Kinematics of Jumping Tasks
Authors: Chappell Jonathan D. , Limpisvasti Orr 
Published: March 2008

Background Altered motor control strategies are a proposed cause of the female athlete's increased risk for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Injury prevention programs have shown promising results in decreasing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Purpose To evaluate the effect of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Modified Neuromuscular Training Program on the biomechanics of select jumping tasks in the female collegiate athlete. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirty female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I soccer and basketball players performed vertical jump, hopping tests, and 2 jumping tasks (drop jump and stop jump). All subjects completed a 6-week neuromuscular training program with core strengthening and plyometric training. Three-dimensional motion analysis and force plate data were used to compare the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks before and after training. Results Dynamic knee valgus moment during the stance phase of stop jump tasks decreased after completion of the neuromuscular training program ( P = .04), but differences were not observed for the drop jump. Initial knee flexion ( P = .003) and maximum knee flexion ( P = .006) angles increased during the stance phase of drop jumps after training, but differences were not observed for the stop jump. The athletes showed improved performance in vertical jump ( P < .001), right 1-legged hop ( P < .001), and left 1-legged hop( P<.001). Conclusion Completion of a 6-week neuromuscular training program improved select athletic performance measures and changed movement patterns during jumping tasks in the subject population. Clinical Relevance The use of this neuromuscular training program could potentially modify the collegiate athlete's motion strategies, improve performance, and lower the athlete's risk for injury.
Bcl-2–family proteins and hematologic malignancies: history and future prospects
Authors: Reed John C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBCL-2 was the first antideath gene dis-covered, a milestone that effectively launched a new era in cell death research. Since its discovery more than 2 decades ago, multiple members of the human Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-regulating proteins have been identified, including 6 antiapoptotic proteins, 3 structurally similar proapoptotic proteins, and several structurally diverse proapoptotic interacting proteins that operate as upstream agonists or antagonists. Bcl-2–family proteins regulate all major types of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. As such, they operate as nodal points at the convergence of multiple pathways with broad relevance to biology and medicine. Bcl-2 derives its name from its original discovery in the context of B-cell lymphomas, where chromosomal translocations commonly activate the BCL-2 protooncogene, endowing B cells with a selective survival advantage that promotes their neoplastic expansion. The concept that defective programmed cell death contributes to malignancy was established by studies of Bcl-2, representing a major step forward in current understanding of tumorigenesis. Experimental therapies targeting Bcl-2 family mRNAs or proteins are currently in clinical testing, raising hopes that a new class of anticancer drugs may be near.
Notch-dependent control of myelopoiesis is regulated by fucosylation
Authors: Zhou Lan , Li Lebing Wei , Yan Quanjian , Petryniak Bronislawa , Man Yunfang , Su Charles , Shim Jeongsup , Chervin Stephanie , Lowe John B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCell-cell contact–dependent mechanisms that modulate proliferation and/or differentiation in the context of hematopoiesis include mechanisms characteristic of the interactions between members of the Notch family of signal transduction molecules and their ligands. Whereas Notch family members and their ligands clearly modulate T lymphopoietic decisions, evidence for their participation in modulating myelopoiesis is much less clear, and roles for posttranslational control of Notch-dependent signal transduction in myelopoiesis are unexplored. We report here that a myeloproliferative phenotype in FX−/− mice, which are conditionally deficient in cellular fucosylation, is consequent to loss of Notch-dependent signal transduction on myeloid progenitor cells. In the context of a wild-type fucosylation phenotype, we find that the Notch ligands suppress myeloid differentiation of progenitor cells and enhance expression of Notch target genes. By contrast, fucosylation-deficient myeloid progenitors are insensitive to the suppressive effects of Notch ligands on myelopoiesis, do not transcribe Notch1 target genes when cocultured with Notch ligands, and have lost the wild-type Notch ligand-binding phenotype. Considered together, these observations indicate that Notch-dependent signaling controls myelopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and identifies a requirement for Notch fucosylation in the expression of Notch ligand binding activity and Notch signaling efficiency in myeloid progenitors.
Association of dopaminergic pathway gene polymorphisms with chronic renal insufficiency among Asian Indians with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Prasad Pushplata , Kumar KM Prasanna , Ammini AC , Gupta Arvind , Gupta Rajeev , Thelma BK 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundGenetic markers conferring susceptibility to diabetes specific renal disease remains to be identified for early prediction and development of effective drugs and therapies. Inconsistent results obtained from analysis of genes from classical pathways generate need for examination of unconventional genetic markers having role in regulation of renal function. Experimental and clinical evidences suggest that dopamine is an important natriuretic hormone. Therefore, various genes involved in regulation of dopamine bioavailability could play a role in diabetic chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). We investigated the contribution of 12 polymorphisms from five Dopaminergic pathway genes to CRI among type-2 diabetic Asian Indian subjects.MethodsGenetic association of 12 polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes namely-dopamine receptor-1 (DRD1),DRD2,DRD3,DRD4, andcatechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with diabetic CRI was investigated using a case-control approach. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to correlate various clinical parameters with genotypes, and to study pair wise interactions between SNPs of different genes.ResultsSNPs-141 ins/del C and G>A(1 kb upstream from exon 2) in DRD2 gene showed significant allelic and genotypic association. Allele-141 insCand genotype-141 insC/insCof-141 ins/del Cpolymorphism, and allele A ofG>ASNP were found to be predisposing to CRI. Our result of allelic and genotypic association of -141 insC/delCSNP was also reflected in the haplotypic association. Heterozygous genotype of polymorphism900 ins/del C in COMTgene was predisposing towards CRI.ConclusionSome polymorphisms inDRD2andCOMTgenes are significantly associated with susceptibility to CRI in the Asian Indian population which, if confirmed would be consistent with a suggested role of dopamine metabolism in disease occurrence.
Indirect genomic effects on survival from gene expression data
Authors: Ferkingstad Egil , Frigessi Arnoldo , Lyng Heidi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn cancer, genes may have indirect effects on patient survival, mediated through interactions with other genes. Methods to study the indirect effects that contribute significantly to survival are not available. We propose a novel methodology to detect and quantify indirect effects from gene expression data. We discover indirect effects through several target genes of transcription factors in cancer microarray data, pointing to genetic interactions that play a significant role in tumor progression.
Emotionally Healthy Twins: A New Philosophy for Parenting Two Unique IndividualsJoan A. Friedman (2008). Da Capo Press, Life Long Books, 224 pp., US$15.95, ISBN 13 978 0 7382 1087 2
Authors: Cath Danielle 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo raise twins is a challenge, just as it is to be part of a twin pair. This was the message communicated by Joan Friedman, the author of the book: Emotionally Healthy Twins: A New Philosophy for Parenting Two Unique Individuals. Friedman is a twin herself and also a mother of twins, and a psychotherapist specialized in the treatment of twin-related problems. The book presents seven basic concepts meant to raise twins in such a way that they become emotionally healthy adults.
Pegvisomant increases intra-abdominal fat in patients with acromegaly: a pilot study.
Authors: Plöckinger U , Reuter T 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveAcromegalic patients have increased lipolysis and decreased fat mass as well as reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance. During somatostatin analog therapy, these changes persist despite GH suppression, but they are now due to drug-induced suppression of insulin secretion. By contrast, during pegvisomant (PEG) therapy, GH no longer stimulates lipolysis due to the blockade of its receptor, while insulin action is unabated. Hence, both insulin sensitivity and fat mass, including intra-abdominal fat, should increase. We therefore studied intra-abdominal fat and insulin resistance in acromegalic patients after a 3-month octreotide-washout period, i.e., during untreated acromegaly, and during PEG treatment.MethodsFive acromegalic patients, not controlled on octreotide (OCT) therapy, were studied after 3-month OCT washout and 6-month PEG therapy. Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostatic model assessment value and hyperinsulinemic, normoglycemic clamp. Subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat were measured by electron beam computed tomography.ResultsDuring PEG therapy, all the patients had normal, age-adjusted IGF-I concentrations. Compared with washout, insulin sensitivity (HOMA andMvalue) was not significantly different. However, intra-abdominal fat mass increased significantly during therapy (median (range) cm2: 112 (84–480) and 172 (112–524) respectively,P<0.05), while subcutaneous fat was not significantly different. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides remained unchanged.ConclusionsDuring PEG therapy of acromegalic patients, intra-abdominal fat increases. Visceral obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hence, confirmation and further studies in a larger cohort of acromegalic patients on PEG treatment are warranted.
Repeated administration of ghrelin to patients with functional dyspepsia: its effects on food intake and appetite.
Authors: Akamizu Takashi , Iwakura Hiroshi , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Hosoda Hiroshi , Murayama Toshinori , Yokode Masayuki , Teramukai Satoshi , Seno Hiroshi , Chiba Tsutomu , Noma Shunichi , Nakai Yoshikatsu , Fukunaga Mikihiko , Nakai Yoshihide , Kangawa Kenji ,   FD Clinical Study Team
Published: March 2008

BackgroundGhrelin plays a major role in the regulation of food intake (FI), which makes it a strong candidate for the treatment of anorexia.ObjectiveWe attempted to evaluate the clinical response to repeated ghrelin administration in patients with anorexia caused by functional disorders, such as functional dyspepsia (FD).Subjects and methodsSubjects included in this study were those who 1) were diagnosed with functional anorexia, including FD and other eating disorders with the exception of anorexia nervosa; 2) were lean (body mass index (BMI)<22 kg/m2); and 3) exhibited decreased FI. Subjects received an i.v. infusion of ghrelin (3 μg/kg) for 30 min twice a day (before breakfast and dinner) for 2 weeks. We investigated the effects of ghrelin administration on FI, appetite, hormones, and metabolic parameters.ResultsSix patients with FD were enrolled in this study. Ghrelin administration tended to increase daily FI in comparison with levels before and after completion of treatment, but this difference that was the primary endpoint of this study did not reach statistical significance (P=0.084). Hunger sensation was significantly elevated at the end of drip infusion (P<0.0001). No severe adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ghrelin administration is safe and that this treatment has stimulatory effects on appetite in patients with FD. Further studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of ghrelin treatment for anorexia-related disorders.
Plasma 1,25(OH)2D levels decrease in postmenopausal women with hypovitaminosis D.
Authors: Rejnmark Lars , Vestergaard Peter , Heickendorff Lene , Mosekilde Leif 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveAlthough calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D) is considered the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, several studies have shown that calcidiol (25OHD) is the vitamin D metabolite that is most closely linked to parathyroid function and indices of calcium homeostasis. Moreover, low levels of 25OHD have been associated with increased risk of different diseases including cancer, diabetes, and myopathy.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsWe studied relations between plasma concentrations of 25OHD, 1,25(OH)2D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in fasting plasma samples from 315 healthy postmenopausal women randomly selected from the local background population.ResultsP-1,25(OH)2D levels varied in a concentration-dependent manner with P-25OHD levels (P<0.001). Thus, P-1,25(OH)2D levels were the lowest in women with vitamin D insufficiency, i.e., P-1,25(OH)2D levels were reduced by approximately one-third in subjects with P-25OHD levels below 25 nmol/l compared with levels above 80 nmol/l (P<0.01). The association was most pronounced at P-25OHD concentrations below 80 nmol/l, whereas no major increase in P-1,25(OH)2D was observed at P-25OHD concentrations above 80 nmol/l. In multiple regression analysis, PTH was a minor although significant predictor of P-1,25(OH)2D levels.ConclusionsIn normal postmenopausal women, the conversion of 25OHD to active vitamin D depends on the substrate concentration. Our data support that vitamin D insufficiency should be considered at P-25OHD levels below 80 nmol/l.
Daily insulin requirement of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: effect of age, gender, body mass index and mode of therapy.
Authors: Wiegand Susanna , Raile Klemens , Reinehr Thomas , Hofer Sabine , Näke Andrea , Rabl Wolfgang , Holl Reinhard W , _ _ 
Published: March 2008

DesignThe purpose of this study was to generate insulin dose (ID) percentiles for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) having the opportunity to assess this important parameter in relation to age and sex.MethodsDaily IDs per weight (ID/kg) were recorded in 22 177 patients with DM1 (3–25 years of age, DM1 duration of more than 2 years, 48% female) and ID percentiles (ID-Perc) were created statistically. The ID-Perc were compared between male and female, and between multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT) and continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII). A multivariate regression analysis was performed for ID in the third year of DM1 with ID/kg, body weight, age, gender, and insulin delivery regimen as variables.ResultsThe 50th ID-Perc (P50) varied among 0.67 IU/kg (age 3 years), 0.93 IU/kg (13 years), and 0.70 IU/kg (23 years) increasing from early childhood to adolescence and decreasing toward adulthood. Highest P50 ID was found at 12 years in females (0.94 IU/kg) and at 14 years in males (0.92 IU/kg). Using ICT, the ID was significantly higher compared with CSII (P50: 0.94 IU/kg versus 0.79 IU/kg at 13 years). In multivariate regression analysis, ID was significantly (P>0.001) associated with age, gender, and insulin delivery regime.ConclusionThe ID-Perc were significantly different during various periods of childhood and were influenced by gender, body weight, and insulin injection regimes. Therefore, the presented data 1) provide evidence to interpret individual ID in children and adolescents with DM1 and 2) more specifically identify children with unusually high (insulin resistance and non-compliance) or low (MODY and persistent remission) insulin requirement.
Perforated epiphrenic diverticulum with secondary septic pleuritis in two horses
Authors: Gonzalez M. , Swor T. M. , Hines M. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis report describes 2 cases of oesophageal diverticula in horses in which the perforation of the diverticulum led to septic pleuritis. Both cases presented as emergencies with the clinical complaint of colic and had evidence of endotoxic/septic shock. Due to its rareness and its tendency to masquerade as a variety of more common conditions, the recognition and management of intrathoracic oesophageal perforation in horses can be difficult, and neither of the horses presented here had clinical signs consistent with oesophageal obstruction upon presentation.The cases reported here illustrate the importance of a complete physical evaluation, and of taking into consideration the thorax as a source of colic signs and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in horses.
Unilateral testicular mastocytoma in a Peruvian Paso stallion
Authors: Brown James A. , O'Brien M. A. , Hodder A. D. J. , Peterson T. , Claes A. , Liu I. K. M. , Ball B. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA 12‐year‐old Peruvian Paso stallion was examined for scrotal swelling and unilateral testicular enlargement of 4–6 weeks duration. Physical examination and ultrasonography of the scrotum revealed an enlarged, nonpainful right testis with a well encapsulated mass at the cranial‐medial aspect containing echodense flocculent material. Unilateral castration was performed and the testis, spermatic cord and vaginal tunic were submitted for histological examination, which revealed a mastocytoma with accompanying evidence of malignancy. Short‐term follow‐up examination did not reveal any evidence of abdominal metastasis and the stallion has since successfully achieved pregnancy in a small number of mares. Although considered rare, mast cell neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis when unilateral testicular enlargement is encountered.
Laparoscopic repair of a ruptured bladder in an adult mare
Authors: Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. , van Loon T. J. A. M. , Boswinkel M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA bladder rupture suffered by an adult mare during parturition was repaired, using a laparoscopic approach with the mare in dorsal recumbency. During the laparoscopic approach, the bladder was empty, inverted and had a rent on the dorsal apical surface. The bladder was located far caudally within the pelvis. By grasping the left lateral ligament and exerting gentle traction, it proved possible to manoeuvre the bladder more cranially where the rupture could be sutured. The benefits of the laparoscopic approach are reduction in incision size, visualisation of the tear, reachability of the empty bladder and the tear, and reduced reconvalescence time.