bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of swelled vulcanizates of polar diene elastomers
Authors: Magryta Jacek , Dębek Cezary , Dębek Dariusz 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRubber elements, which usually form a major part of different isolators of vibrations, are generally easily swelled by oils, greases, or fuels. This leads to meaningful changes of their mechanical characteristics and shortening of durability of rubber components in service. The influence of the semisynthetic motor oil on mechanical and, particularly, dynamic properties of swelled vulcanizates of the polar diene rubber, chloroprene (CR) and acrylonitrile‐butadiene (NBR), is estimated in this article. These elastomers, as is widely known, are resistant to the mineral oils absorption. However, our investigations showed that even a small degree of swelling of the vulcanizates causes decrease of their mechanical properties and considerable changes of the dynamic characteristics of the samples. The obtained results have shown the need to take into account the environment in which isolators of vibrations and dampers have worked, while designing the suitable composition of rubber compounds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Effects of rosin‐type clarifying agent on the crystallization and compatibility of polypropylene and low density polyethylene
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Chun‐Cheng , Ke Yu‐Cai , Zhang Dong , Li Zhen‐Yi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article, the influence of rosin‐type clarifying agent Nu‐(K + Na) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) on the crystallization process of polypropylene (PP) from the melt state was studied by differential scanning calorimeter and polarization microscope, and the effect of rosin‐type clarifying agent Nu‐(K + Na) on the compatibility of PP and LDPE was also investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscope. It was found that Nu‐(K + Na) decreased the fold surface energy and promoted the nucleation and crystallization of PP. With the cooperation of LDPE and Nu‐(K + Na) in PP, the chain fold free energy of PP was further decreased substantially, the crystallization rate of PP was increased more markedly, and the spherulites of PP became much smaller and dispersed more uniformly. At the same time, Nu‐(K + Na) improved the compatibility of PP and LDPE, and the LDPE was dispersed in PP more uniformly. Thus, the light scattering originating from the spherulites of PP and the LDPE disperse phase was reduced to great extent, and the transparency of PP was improved evidently. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1568–1575, 2006
A study of LLDPE functionalized through ultraviolet irradiation and interfacial interaction of PA66/functionalized LLDPE blends
Authors: Wu Shishan , Chi Bo , Yan Han , Shen Jian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSome oxygen‐containing groups, such as COC, COH, CO, C(O)O, and C(O)OH, were introduced onto linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) chains during ultraviolet irradiation under air, without adding any monomers and auxiliaries and without environmental pollution. After ultraviolet irradiation, the molecular weight of LLDPE decreased and its distribution became wider. The melting temperature and crystallinity of irradiated LLDPE decreased with irradiation time. The copolymer LLDPE‐g‐PA66 was formed by reaction between oxygen‐containing groups of irradiated LLDPE and amine or carboxyl end groups and amide linkage of polyamide 66 (PA66) during preparation of PA66/irradiated LLDPE blends. Compared with PA66/LLDPE blend, the mechanical properties of PA66/irradiated LLDPE blends were improved greatly because of the improved interface interaction and dispersion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Synthesis of copolyamides containing octadecanedioic acid: An investigation of nylon 6/6,18 in various ratios
Authors: Bennett Carl , Zeng Jijun , Kumar Satish , Mathias Lon J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of copolyamides of various compositions of nylon 6 and nylon 6,18 were produced. Increased resistance to organic solvents resulted from greater incorporation of nylon 6,18, as shown by decreasing solubility. High‐resolution solution NMR indicated there were four amide carbonyls that corresponded to the four possible pairs of comonomer units, allowing detailed composition determination. The melting points of the comonomers decreased as the ratio of hydrogen bonding amide units to methylene groups increased, going from nylon 6 to copolymers with an increasing number of nylon 6,18 repeat units. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Polysaccharide‐based artificial extracellular matrix: Preparation and characterization of three‐dimensional, macroporous chitosan and chondroitin sulfate composite scaffolds
Authors: Peng Chih‐Kang , Yu Shu‐Huei , Mi Fwu‐Long , Shyu Shin‐Shing 
Published: December 2005

AbstractScaffold‐guided tissue engineering based on synthetic and natural occurring polymers has gained much interest in recent years. In this article, the development of a polysaccharide‐based artificial extracellular matrix (AECM) is reported. Three‐dimensional, macroporous composite AECMs composed of chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and chitosan (Chito) were prepared by an interpolyelectrolyte complex/lyophilization method. The ChS–Chito composite AECMs were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and calcium ions (Ca2+) and cocrosslinked with N,N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethyl carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The crosslinking reactions were examined with Fourier transform infrared analysis. Glutaraldehyde and Ca2+ crosslinked with Chito and ChS, respectively, to produce different types of ChS–Chito semi‐interpenetrated networks. In contrast, EDC/NHS crosslinked with both Chito and ChS to produce ChS–Chito connected networks. In physiological buffer solutions, the Ca2+‐crosslinked ChS–Chito composite AECMs showed a lower swelling ratio than their EDC/NHS‐ and glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked counterparts. The ChS–Chito composite AECMs showed excellent antibacterial capability and biocompatibility according to the results of the in vitro antibacterial test and cytotoxic assay. This result suggested that the ChS–Chito composite AECMs might be a potential biomaterial for scaffold‐guided tissue‐engineering applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Occult popliteal artery stenosis masquerading as atheroemboli in a patient with previous knee replacement
Authors: Bates Mark C. , Crotty Bradley H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to report the unusual presentation of a 63‐year‐old patient with Rutherford grade 2, category 5 tissue ischemic changes involving the right foot secondary to an occult popliteal stenosis that was obscured behind a prosthetic knee on diagnostic angiograms. Conventional abdominal angiography with bilateral lower extremity runoff showed no evidence of significant disease and the patient was misdiagnosed with atheroemboli syndrome secondary to ipsilateral common femoral access following recent catheterization. Ultimately, a meticulous physical examination disclosed a bruit in the right popliteal fossa and selective right leg angiography with oblique views confirmed eccentric complex luminal encroachment in the right popliteal artery that was eclipsed by a prosthetic knee on antecedent nonselective angiography. The lesion responded favorably to endovascular treatment with durable clinical improvement. This case illustrates the importance of a meticulous physical examination and noninvasive studies prior to angiography in patients with ischemic tissue changes and emphasizes the importance of oblique views to image any vessel that may be obscured by a metal prosthesis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005; © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection control guidelines for the cardiac catheterization laboratory: Society guidelines revisited
Authors: Chambers Charles E. , Eisenhauer Michael D. , McNicol Lynn B. , Block Peter C. , Phillips William J. , Dehmer Gregory J. , Heupler Frederick A. , Blankenship James C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the early years of diagnostic cardiac catheterization, strict sterile precautions were required for cutdown procedures. Thirteen years ago, when the original guidelines were written, the brachial arteriotomy was still frequently utilized, femoral closure devices were uncommon, “implantables,” such as intracoronary stents and PFO/ASD closure devices, were in their infancy, and percutaneous valve replacement was not a consideration. In 2005, the cardiac catheterization laboratory is a complex interventional suite with percutaneous access routine and device implantation standard. Despite frequent device implantation, strict sterile precautions are often not observed. Reasons for this include a decline in brachial artery cutdown, limited postprocedure follow‐up with few reported infections, limited use of hats and masks in televised cases, and lack of current guidelines. Proper sterile technique has the potential to decrease the patient infection rate. Hand washing remains the most important procedure for preventing infections. Caps, masks, gowns, and gloves help to protect the patient by maintaining a sterile field. Protection of personnel may be accomplished by proper gowning, gloving, and eye wear, disposal of contaminated equipment, and prevention and care of puncture wounds and lacerations. With the potential for acquired disease from blood‐borne pathogens, the need for protective measures is as essential in the cardiac catheterization laboratory as is the standard Universal Precautions, which are applied throughout the hospital. All personnel should strongly consider vaccination for hepatitis B. Maintenance of the cardiac catheterization laboratory environment includes appropriate cleaning, limitation of traffic, and adequate ventilation. In an SCAI survey, members recommended an update on guidelines for infection control in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The following revision of the original 1992 guidelines is written specifically to address the increased utilization of the catheterization laboratory as an interventional suite with device implantation. In this update, infection protection is divided into sections on the patient, the laboratory personnel, and the laboratory environment. Additionally, specific CDC recommendation sections highlight recommendations from other published guidelines. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are there clinical benefits with early erythropoietic intervention for chemotherapy‐induced anemia?
Authors: Lyman Gary H. , Glaspy John 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years there has been an increasing debate regarding the benefits of initiating erythropoietic treatment in patients with cancer when anemia is still relatively mild. To address this, a systematic review of studies was conducted that answered the following question: Is there a clinical benefit associated with early erythropoietic intervention (hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL) for chemotherapy‐induced anemia?METHODSA systematic review of published literature and meeting abstracts was undertaken to identify relevant studies. Data were extracted from studies meeting prespecified eligibility criteria. For outcome measures not associated with significant heterogeneity, summary measures of relative risk associated with early erythropoietic intervention were estimated using the method of Mantel and Haenszel.RESULTSEleven studies were eligible and were included in the review. Erythropoietic treatment effectively decreased transfusion incidence and the proportion of patients with hemoglobin < 10 g/dL compared with no treatment, with relative risk reductions of 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43, 0.59; 7 studies, P < 0.0001) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.19, 0.83; 4 studies, P = 0.147), respectively. The findings from both prospective studies and planned subset analyses in which early and late intervention were compared also indicated a reduction in the relative risk of both transfusions and hemoglobin < 10 g/dL after early intervention (0.55 [95% CI, 0.42, 0.73; 5 studies, P < 0.0001] and 0.44 [95% CI, 0.33, 0.57; 2 studies, P < 0.0001], respectively).CONCLUSIONCollectively, these findings suggest that optimal clinical benefit from erythropoietic treatment of chemotherapy‐induced anemia may be achieved through early intervention. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Single‐Molecule Studies on DNA and RNA
Authors: Greulich Karl Otto 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDNA and RNA are the most individual molecules known. Therefore, single‐molecule experiments with these nucleic acids are particularly useful. This review reports on recent experiments with single DNA and RNA molecules. First, techniques for their preparation and handling are summarised including the use of AFM nanotips and optical or magnetic tweezers. As important detection techniques, conventional and near‐field microscopy as well as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) are touched on briefly. The use of single‐molecule techniques currently includes force measurements in stretched nucleic acids and in their complexes with binding partners, particularly proteins, and the analysis of DNA by restriction mapping, fragment sizing and single‐molecule hybridisation. Also, the reactions of RNA polymerases and enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair are dealt with in some detail, followed by a discussion of the transport of individual nucleic acid molecules during the readout and use of genetic information and during the infection of cells by viruses. The final sections show how the enormous addressability in nucleic acid molecules can be exploited to construct a single‐molecule field‐effect transistor and a walking single‐molecule robot, and how individual DNA molecules can be used to assemble a single‐molecule DNA computer.
Recapitulation of human βB1‐crystallin promoter activity in transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Hou Hsin‐Han , Kuo M. Yen‐Ping , Luo Ya‐Wen , Chang Bei‐En 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDevelopment of the eye is morphologically similar among vertebrates, indicating that the underlying mechanism regulating the process may have been highly conserved during evolution. Herein we analyzed the promoter of the human βB1‐crytallin gene in zebrafish by transgenic experiments. To delineate the evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements, we performed serial deletion assays in the promoter region. The results demonstrated that the −90/+61‐bp upstream proximal promoter region is sufficient to confer lens‐tissue specificity to the human βB1‐crystallin gene in transgenic zebrafish. Through phylogenetic sequence comparisons and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), a highly conserved cis‐element of a six–base pair sequence TG(A/C)TGA, the consensus sequence for the Maf protein binding site, within the proximal promoter region was revealed. Further, a site‐mutational assay showed that this element is crucial for promoter activity. These data suggest that the fundamental transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the βB1‐crystallin gene has been well conserved between humans and zebrafish, and plausibly among all vertebrates, during evolution. Developmental Dynamics 235:435–443, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myeloid dendritic cell precursors generated from bone marrow suppress T cell responses via cell contact and nitric oxide production in vitro
Authors: Rößner Susanne , Voigtländer Constanze , Wiethe Carsten , Hänig Jens , Seifarth Christian , Lutz Manfred B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTolerogenic activity of myeloid dendritic cells (DC) has so far been attributed mostly to immature or semi‐mature differentiation stages but never to their precursor cells. Although myeloid suppressor cells (MSC) have been isolated ex vivo, their developmental relationship to DC and their precise phenotype remained elusive. Here, we describe the generation of MSC as myeloid DC precursors with potent suppressive activity on allogeneic and OVA‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vitro. These MSC appear transiently in DC cultures of bone marrow (BM) cells after 8–10 days under low GM‐CSF conditions or after 3–4 days under high GM‐CSF conditions. They represent CD11c– myeloid precursor cells with ring‐shaped nuclei and are Gr‐1low (i.e. Ly‐6C+, Ly‐6Glow), CD11b+, CD31+, ER‐MP58+, asialoGM1+ and F4/80+. Sorted MSC develop into CD11c+ DC within 6 days. Their suppressor activity partially depends on IFN‐γ stimulation. Suppression is mediated through mechanisms requiring cell contact and nitric oxide but is independent of TNF, CD1d and TGF‐β. Together, our data describe the generation of MSC with distinct suppressor mechanisms in vitro preceding their development into immature DC.
An Experimental and Theoretical (DFT) Investigation of the Coordination Mode of 2,4‐Dithiouracil (2,4‐dtucH2) in Copper(I) Complexes with1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene (dppbz): The Crystal Structures of [Cu(μ‐Br)(dppbz)]2 and [CuBr(dppbz)(2,4‐dtucH2)]
Authors: Aslanidis Paraskevas , Cox Philip J. , Kaltzoglou Andreas , Tsipis Athanasios C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNovel copper(I) mixed‐ligand complexes containing 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene (dppbz) and 2,4‐dithiouracil (2,4‐dtucH2) ligands have been synthesised by addition of the thione ligand to the dinuclear [Cu(μ‐X)(dppbz)]2 intermediate in acetonitrile/methanol or acetone solution. The molecular structures of both the precursor [Cu(μ‐Br)(dppbz)]2 and the [CuBr(dppbz)(2,4‐dtucH2)] complexes were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Interestingly, the structure of the thione‐free dimer involves two diphosphane‐chelated CuI centres bridged by two bromide ligands, thus forming a non‐planar Cu2Br2 core. The structure of [CuBr(dppbz)(2,4‐dtucH2)] corresponds to a four‐coordinate CuI centre in a tetrahedral coordination environment with the heterocyclic dithione ligand being coordinated to the metal centre in a unidentate fashion through its exocyclic sulfur donor atom. The structural, bonding and electronic properties of the model complexes [Cu(μ‐X)(dppbz)]2 and [CuX(dppbz)(2,4‐dtucH2)] (X = Cl, Br, or I) are adequately described by DFT/B3LYP computational techniques. All model dinuclear [Cu(μ‐X)(dppbz)]2 complexes exhibit π‐type MOs delocalised over the entire four‐membered Cu(μ‐X)2Cu ring, thereby accounting for the near equivalency of the Cu–X bonds. Moreover, the [Cu(μ‐X)(dppbz)]2 dimers possess a σ‐type MO corresponding to weak Cu···Cu bonding interactions, which further stabilize the Cu(μ‐X)2Cu ring. According to our calculations, the interaction energies of the 2,4‐dtucH2 ligand with the CuI centre are predicted to be about 13–16 kcal mol–1. The coordination of the 2,4‐dtucH2 ligand is further stabilized by an X···H–N hydrogen bond that is perpendicular to the plane of the dppbz ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Properties of Fluorescent cycloSal Nucleotides Based on the Pyrimidine Nucleoside m5K and Its 2′,3′‐Dideoxy Analog dm5K
Authors: Jessen Henning J. , Fendrich Wolfgang , Meier Chris 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of the fluorescent thymidine nucleoside analog 5‐methyl‐pyrimidin‐2‐one nucleoside 1 (m5K) and that of its 2′,3′‐dideoxy derivative 2 (dm5K) are described. Moreover, the conversion of 1 and 2 into the corresponding 3‐methyl‐cycloSal‐phosphate triesters 11 and 12 or an enzyme‐cleavable prodrug 5‐acetoxymethylpropionate‐cycloSal‐phosphate triester 13, and the fluorescence and hydrolysis properties of these new lipophilic triesters are reported. Finally, the suitability of these cycloSal pronucleotides as probes is demonstrated in a cell‐extract hydrolysis experiment and a model study for cell uptake. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Some New Substituted Photochromic N,N′‐Bis(spiro[1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indolyl])diazacrown Systems with Substituent Control over Ion Chelation
Authors: Roxburgh Craig J. , Sammes Peter G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe reversible photochemical ion chelation of the newly synthesised substituted N,N′‐bis(spiro[1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indolyl])diazacrown systems 15a–c and the subsequent molecular electronic control of this process using appropriately placed substituent groups on the spiro‐benzopyran skeleton is reported. The principle of molecular electronic control of ion chelation is demonstrated by comparing the behaviour of the newly synthesised nitro‐substituted and pyrido‐annulated spiro‐benzopyran system 9b with that of the unsubstituted compound 9a. Electronic substituent control over ion chelation is then exemplified for the new N,N′‐bis(5′‐nitrospiro[1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indolyl])diazacrown system 15c and further exemplified for the corresponding 5′‐trifluoromethyl derivative 15b, which contains the photochemically more robust trifluoromethyl group. The crown system 15a, unsubstituted in the spiro‐indole moiety, is also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Stereocontrolled Formation of Three Contiguous Stereogenic Centers by Free Radical Cyclization – Synthesis of (+)‐Iridomyrmecin and (–)‐Iso‐iridomyrmecin – Formal Synthesis of δ‐Skythantine
Authors: Schöllhorn Bernd , Mulzer Johann 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA synthesis of (+)‐iridomyrmecin (1), a naturally occurring insecticide with antibiotic properties, via free radical cyclization is described. In this key step, three contiguous stereogenic centers are generated with a high level of stereocontrol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Polyols as Templates for the Synthesis of Macrocycles from Boronic Acid Building Blocks
Authors: Lüthje Sonja , Bornholdt Claudia , Lüning Ulrich 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBy using a norbornane tetraol 2 as a template, a bis(alkenyloxy)‐substituted boronic acid 5 was bound twice, and the resulting bis(boronic acid ester) 6 was cyclized by ring‐closing metathesis. The product bimacrocycle 7, or its hydrogenated analogue 8, are starting materials for subsequent reactions which give different endo‐functionalized macrocycles as diboronic acids or diphenols. The bis(boronic acid) 12 proved to be a receptor for polyols. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Capillary electrophoresis determination of biogenic amines by field‐amplified sample stacking and in‐capillary derivatization
Authors: García‐Villar Natividad , Saurina Javier , Hernández‐Cassou Santiago 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA sensitive CE method for determining biogenic amines in wines based on in‐capillary derivatization with 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonate is presented. In this method, reagent and buffer solutions are introduced hydrodynamically into the capillary whereas the sample is injected electrokinetically, thus, allowing a selective preconcentration of the analytes by field‐amplified sample stacking. Amines are labeled inside the capillary using a zone‐passing derivatization approach in mixed tandem mode. The most relevant variables influencing on the derivatization and separation as well as significant interactions have been evaluated using experimental design. Multicriteria decision making is utilized for the simultaneous optimization of interacting variables through overall desirability response surfaces. The validation of the method has proven an excellent separation performance and accuracy for the determination of biogenic amines such as histamine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, tyramine, agmatine, ethanolamine, serotonin, cadaverine, and putrescine in red wines. Detection limits range from 0.02 mg/L for ethanolamine to 0.91 mg/L for serotonin. The RSDs for migration time and peak area are around 1.2 and 6.2%, respectively. Red wines from different Spanish regions have been analyzed using the proposed method.