bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid in recombinant Escherichia coli by metabolic engineering
Authors: Wang Yanwei , Huang Hongrong , You Wenhua , Abdallah Mutaz Mohammed , Gyapong Aduhene Albert , Yang Hongyi , Wang Pengchao , Liu Changli , Li Lixin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a platform compound that can produce many chemical commodities. This study focuses on establishing and optimizing the production of 3-HP in E. coli. We constructed a series of engineered E.coli strains which can produce 3-HP via the malonyl-CoA pathway. To increase the techniques the metabolic flux of precursor acetyl-CoA, CRISPR/Cas9-based DNA editing techniques were used to knock out the genes encoding pyruvate oxidase (poxB), lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) and phosphate transacetylase (pta) reducing the by-products consumption. Simultaneously, to elevate the production of 3-HP and reduce the burden of the recombinant plasmid in Escherichia coli, the critical precursor of the malonyl-CoA pathway, acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (accDABC), was overexpressed on the genome.
Results: We overexpressed the codon-optimized malonyl-CoA reductase gene (mcr) and increased 3-HP production also via adaptive laboratory evolution using the PpHpdR/PhpdH system to construct metabolite biosensors based on transcription factors. Combining the above metabolic engineering efforts with media and fermentation conditions optimization in a fermentor agitation resulted in the 3-HP titer of the engineered strain increasing about 63.5 times from the initial 0.34 g/L to 21.6 g/L.
Conclusions: This study encourages further bioprocess development to produce 3-HP from the malonyl-CoA pathway.
Investigation of electrical conductivity and oxygen relaxation behavior for BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb5-xTixO15 ceramics
Authors: zou qirui , Hu xinyu , cao shuyao , wang weiguo , li xianyu , zhao qinfu , kang fang , zhang ping , chen lei , wang dan , hao gangling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
BaBiNb5O15-based oxide ion conductors have shown promise for solid fuel cell applications at medium temperatures. In this study, the grain conductivity of the BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb5−xTixO15−δ (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08) specimens was fabricated using conventional solid-state synthesis to thoroughly examine their electrical characteristics and oxygen relaxation tendencies. With increasing the Ti content, the bulk conductivity of the BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb5−xTixO15−δ samples showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. When the doped Ti content reached 5 mol%, the highest bulk conductivity of BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb5−xTixO15−δ samples can be got, 5.27×10− 5 S/cm at 773 K. According to the dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurement, the BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb4.95Ti0.05O15−δ sample exhibits the higher moveable oxygen vacancy concentration and mobility of oxygen vacancies. This could be the possible reason that there is the highest bulk conductivity in the BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb4.95Ti0.05O15−δ sample. Additionally, the influence of sintering temperature on the electrical properties of the BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb4.95Ti0.05O15−δ compound was investigated. When the BaBi0.98Sr0.02Nb4.95Ti0.05O15−δ sample is sintered at a temperature of 1423K, it exhibits the best bulk conductivity and total conductivity.
Dynamic high-pressure microjet combined with tyrosinase modify the complex system of pea protein and chlorogenic acid
Authors: Li Yajie , Ni Yidan , Guo Tingting , Bai Haimei , Han Qinshuo , Li Jiayi , Wang Honglei , Sheng Guihua , Zhou Quancheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
At present, the phenomenon of polyphenol substances represented by chlorogenic acid combined with pea protein to form food processing raw materials is increasingly common in the food processing industry. The purpose of this study is to modify pea protein (PP)/chlorogenic acid (CA) composite solution by DHPM and tyrosinase (Tyr) in order to further obtain better properties, so as to solve the problem of limited application of natural pea protein. And, the influences of Tyr and DHPM on the structure and functional properties of PP/CA complex under different treatment conditions, and the mechanism and effect of Tyr's influence in the PP/CA binary system were performed. The results showed that compared with PP/CA liquid phase without Tyr and DHPM treatment, for PP/CA treated with Tyr and DHPM, the color changed less, the cross-linking effect was the best, and the structure of the composite liquid was stable. DHPM decreased the emulsifying activity of protein, while Tyr significantly increased the emulsifying activity. The microstructure, secondary structure and tertiary structure of the modified protein were changed. The microstructure showed a relatively complete sheet, and the hydrogen bond interaction was enhanced. The content of sulfhydryl group was significantly reduced by 21.14%, and the content of disulfide bond was significantly increased by 13.40%. This study provides a thought for PP modification. Theoretically, it can be applied to the preparation of emulsions and the inclusion of functional substances. A theoretical basis for the development of high-value protein products.
Error Correction Model Analysis of Production and Consumption of Sugar in Ethiopia
Authors: Agalu Seyoum Woldebrehan , Kindu Yeshambal , Teha Ebsa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Each gram of sugar provides the body with four kilocalories. Sugar is a naturally occurring, non-toxic, sweet-tasting, water-soluble crystalline carbohydrate. Beet sugar or sugar cane is the primary source of sugar; additional sources include honey, corn syrup, fruits, and others. From Central Statistical Agency Sugar Corporation of Ethiopia annual data during the period of September 1954–2021 GC in Ethiopia, this study examined the link between the production and consumption of sugar. In this work, non-stationary time series was changed in to stationary time series by using differentiating. At 5% level of significance, all series are non-stationary at the level according to unit root tests, and stationary at first difference. The output of Johansson's cointegrated suggests that at 95% confidence level, at least one Cointegration vector exists and there is a long-run relationship between the production and consumption of sugar in the case of Ethiopia. One was discovered to be the ideal amount of delay. Different models might have conducted prior research on integration in other nations, but Ethiopia has not yet. A VECM analysis was used to empirically evaluate and confirm this result. The VECM, which implies that Ethiopia's current sugar output was considerably influenced by previous first-lag values of its own and consumption of sugar amounts, is better suited than the VAR model. Positive results are seen for sugar consumption that lags on its own. Similar to the production of sugar, the current consumption of sugar was likewise positively impacted by both its own past first-lag values and previous first-lag values. The production and consumption of sugar are expected to increase during the next five years, according to the VECM (1) trend of forecasting.
Morphological characterization and genetic diversity assessment of accessions of Musa spp
Authors: Ukwueze Calistus k. , Oselebe Happiness O. , Igwe David O. , Mekonnen Techale B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Characterization of Musa spp is highly relevant to the development of effective Musa breeding programs, especially because crop productivity and yields are highly important for preventing hunger and food insecurity. This work aimed to characterize and determine the genomic constitutions of the Musa accessions established from the Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Musa germplasm. Ten start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphic markers were employed for the genotyping of eleven accessions. The accessions were classified by assessing the expression of each of the 26 characters by assigning a score ranging from 1 to 5, where a score of 1 indicated close proximity to wild acuminata and 5 indicated wild balbisiana expression. For molecular analysis, a modified CTAB method was used for DNA extraction, and a total of ten polymorphic SCoT markers were used for genetic diversity assessment. The morphological results showed that the plantain genotypes considered were hybrids of banana and plantain, with the majority of the genotypes being classified as diploid, while Agbagba, Efolred, SH3436, Calcutta 4, and PITA 14 were triploid with two chromosome sets comprising banana origin. A total of 86 alleles with an average of 8.81 alleles per locus were observed in the accessions. Calcutta 4 scored higher on measures of diversity indices, with high similarity being observed among the eleven accessions of Musa spp. The dendrogram revealed five major clusters at a similarity index distance of 0.7400. This similarity observed among the accessions indicates that they are closely related and may have a recent common ancestor.
Investigation of Adsorption Capacity, Kinetics and Thermodynamics in The Removal of Textile Dye in Wastewater
Authors: SEVİM Fatih , DEMİR Fatih , LAÇİN Ömer , ERKILIÇ Ömer Faruk 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to remove Reactive Blue-160 dye, which has a toxic effect when released to nature, with a cheap adsorbate. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis, Harkins-Jura Pore Size - Volume Analysis Brunauer–Emmett–Teller Surface Area Analysis were applied for the characterization of adsorbent. The effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent amount and temperature parameters were examined via adsorption. In pH studies conducted between 2.0 and 10.0, the free pH value was taken as 5.70 because adsorption did not change much. Free solution pH was used in other experiments to keep the cost low. The adsorption isotherm models widely used in aqueous solutions; The compatibility of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models with experimental data was investigated. For a kinetic model suitable for experimental data, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Elovich and Intra-Particle Diffusion, models were examined. It was determined that the most suitable isotherm and kinetic models were Freundlich and the Pseudo-Second Order Kinetic model respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 11.63 mg.g− 1. In addition, as a result of the thermodynamic analysis, negative values of Gibbs Free Energy change and positive values of enthalpy change showed that the adsorption process took place spontaneously and endothermically.
A prospective cohort study on the role of surgical mentorship on medical students' surgical experience and attitudes towards surgery
Authors: Kerdegari Nikki , Tandanu Edelyne , Lee Karen , Zakri Rhana , Dasgupta Prokar , Chandak Pankaj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Exposure to surgery during medical school is limited (1, 2). We ran a mentorship scheme pairing students at a medical school with local surgeons to improve undergraduate insight. We evaluated the effectiveness of mentorship in increasing surgical exposure and drivers for students seeking surgical mentorship.
Methods
35 surgeons across 7 specialties were recruited and matched with 37 students in years 2–4 for 7 months. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation was done with pre-, mid- and post-scheme questionnaires. Students rated confidence across pursuing a career in surgery, surgical exposure, career insight, understanding the application process, contacts, portfolio development, research knowledge and pursuing extra-curricular activities related to surgery using a 5-point Likert scale. Paired t-tests were performed to measure students’ confidence before and after the scheme.
Results
Of students that completed all 3 questionnaires (n = 21), conducting research/audit was most frequently selected as a main goal (81%), followed by theatre experience (67%) and career progression support (29%). The number of students that had assisted in theatre increased by 50%. Confidence ratings across all domains increased with 7/8 (88%) exhibiting a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05). The greatest improvement was seen in having adequate contacts in surgery from 2.05 to 3.33 (p = 0.00). 95.2% would recommend the scheme.
Conclusions
Students seek mentorship to develop their clinical and academic skills. Students gained significantly more surgical experience and were better equipped with the knowledge required to pursue a surgical career. Mentorship schemes are invaluable in supplementing the undergraduate curriculum and empowering students.
Trial registration
Ethical clearance granted by King’s College London Research Ethics Committee, Reference Number MRSU-22/23-34530
Anomalyzer: A Visual Interface for Multimodal Time Series Anomaly Analysis
Authors: Huang Jiahang , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Multimodal time series data are pervasive across various applications, providing detailed insights into the evolution of dynamic and complex systems with high-dimensional, high-resolution information. Analyzing the statistical characteristics, detecting changes, and uncovering unexpected behaviors over time from these longitudinal data can yield valuable insights. Traditional anomaly detection methods that rely solely on automated algorithms often overlook the context-specific nature of anomalies. To address this challenge, we introduce Anomalyzer, a novel visual interface for anomaly analysis with multimodal time series data at scale. Anomalyzer integrates sequential transformations to extract, refine, and analyze data representations crucial for anomaly analysis in complex multimodal time series data. Our approach offers a simple yet powerful workflow, a purposeful and step-by-step process meticulously crafted to guide users through the identification and analysis of anomalies with precision and clarity. We evaluate the performance of Anomalyzer with a synthetic multi-variate time series dataset, demonstrating the effectiveness of our novel approach in identifying and analyzing anomalies. The preliminary results have shown that Anomalyzer can help users to perform time series visualization and anomaly detection efficiently using its visualization, aggregation, and anomaly detection capabilities.
Prediction of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: From Molecular Physicochemical Properties and Scaffold Architectures to Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Zhao Yulong , Zhang Zhoudong , Wang Kai , Jia Jie , Wang Yaxuan , Li Huanqiu , Kong Xiaotian , Tian Sheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The process of developing new drugs is widely acknowledged as being time-intensive and requiring substantial financial investment. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce time and expenses in drug development, ensuring medication safety remains an urgent problem. One of the major problems involved in drug development is hepatotoxicity, specifically known as drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The popularity of new drugs often poses a significant barrier during development and frequently leads to their recall after launch. In silico methods have many advantages compared with traditional in vivo and in vitro assays. To establish a more precise and reliable prediction model, it is necessary to utilize an extensive and high-quality database consisting of information on drug molecule properties and structural patterns. In addition, we should also carefully select appropriate molecular descriptors that can be used to accurately depict compound characteristics. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the prediction of DILI. First, we conducted a comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of extensively well-prepared DILI-positive and DILI-negative compounds. Then, we used classic substructure dissection methods to identify structural pattern differences between these two different types of chemical molecules. These findings indicate that it is not feasible to establish property or substructure-based rules for distinguishing between DILI-positive and DILI-negative compounds. Finally, we developed quantitative classification models for predicting DILI using the naïve Bayes classifier (NBC) and recursive partitioning (RP) machine learning techniques. The optimal DILI prediction model was obtained using NBC, which combines 21 physicochemical properties, the VolSurf descriptors, and the LCFP_10 fingerprint set. This model achieved a global accuracy (GA) of 0.855 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.704 for the training set, while the corresponding values were 0.619 and 0.674 for the test set, respectively. Moreover, indicative substructural fragments favorable or unfavorable for DILI were identified from the best naïve Bayesian classification model. These findings may help prioritize lead compounds in the early stage of drug development pipelines.
Perceived stress, self-esteem, and experiences of discrimination: Examining predictors of depression within integrated behavioral health
Authors: Cooper Zach , Pitner Ronald 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Depression is pervasive and influences health. Individuals with depression frequently present to primary care providers, and integrated care models have emerged to better address depression within primary care settings. Though there has been increased understanding regarding methods of addressing depression in primary care through integrated care models, there is a lack of understanding regarding the nuanced way racial discrimination influences depression within these settings.
Method: Our study evaluated the nuanced presentation of depression within an integrated care setting examining the role of racial discrimination and the experience of depression. Stratified random sampling was used, yielding 383 participants (228 White and 155 Black). Participants completed a survey designed to assess levels of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, self-esteem, experiences with discrimination, and demographic information. A series of t-tests were run to analyze differences between racial groups regarding depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and discrimination. Then a hierarchical regression model was utilized to assess which factors predicted variance in depression.
Result: Our findings indicated that anxiety, perceived stress, and experiences with discrimination were strong predictors of depression (F (4, 221) = 91.75, p < 0.001) and accounted for 63% of the variance in depression.
Conclusion: Integrated care models innovate primary care settings by expanding medical teams to address mental health needs. Our paper identifies additional patient concerns within these settings including stress, discrimination and self esteem while identifying methods integrated care models can screen for and address these concerns as a routine component of care.
Construction and Characterization of Recombinant Vectored Vaccines for Rabies Virus
Authors: Khalifa Manar E. , Munir Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Recombinant vectored vaccines offer trailer-made immunization strategies and are economical, quick to engineer and demand less laboratory infrastructures. Here we describe a detailed protocol for genetic manipulation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector system encoding the antigenomic sense RNA of VSV by replacing VSV glycoprotein (VSV-G) with modular rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G) gene. The production of replication competent recombinant VSV (rVSV) involves the transient transfection of BHK-21 cells with pVSV-expressing RV-G backbone along with transcriptional initiating helper plasmids under the control of T7 polymerase. In addition, we provide comprehensive guidelines on functional, molecular, and structural characterization of the recombinant rVSV-based rabies vaccine.
Yield and quality of winter wheat grain under different cultivation technologies
Authors: Zaima O. A. , Derhachov O. L. , Siroshtan A. A. , Pravdziva I. V. , Khomenko T. M. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose. Study of the influence of preceding crops and sowing terms on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The study analyzed 11 varieties of soft winter wheat, ‘Podolianka’, ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Fortuna’, ‘MIP Roksolana’, ‘MIP Feieriia’, ‘MIP Vidznaka’, ‘MIP Nika’, ‘MIP Darunok’, ‘MIP Aelita’, ‘MIP Aurika’ and ‘MIP Dovira’. The study investigated the impact of preceding crops (soybean, sunflower, corn/MWR, green manure (white mustard), and mustard/seed) and sowing dates (25 September, 5 and 15 October) on grain yield and baking quality. Results. The research was conducted in 2021–2023 on the experimental fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. The weather conditions were characterized by high tempe­ratures and uneven precipitation. The highest winter wheat yields were obtained after green manure as a preceding crop (7.29 t/ha), and the lowest yields after sunflower (5.35 t/ha). Shifting the sowing date from 25 September to 15 October reduced the average yield of the varieties. The only exception to the results were those obtained after crops such as sunflower and mustard when sown on 5th October, which yielded 5.54 and 6.51 t/ha respectively. The highest yields (6.39–6.95 t/ha) were observed for the varieties ‘MIP Darunok’, ‘MIP Aurika’, ‘MIP Aelita’ and ‘MIP Vidznaka’. Higher protein, gluten and sedimentation values were observed after green manure and soya as a preceding crop; in addition, after soya there was a tendency to increase flour strength and bread volume. The aforementioned shift in sowing date also resulted in a decrease in bread volume and an increase in vitreousness; the remaining parameters were within the range of significant differences. The varieties ‘MIP Dovira’, ‘MIP Nika’ and ‘MIP Roksolana’ were characterized by the highest protein content in the grain. According to the complex of quality indicators, ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Roksolana’ and ‘MIP Aurika’ prevailed over others. Conclusions. It was found that green manure and soybean as a preceding crop, as well as optimal sowing dates – the third decade of September and the first of October – provided the maximum yield of the varieties studied. The varieties with the hig­hest yields were ‘MIP Darunok’, ‘MIP Vidznaka’, ‘MIP Aurika’ and ‘MIP Aelita’. According to the complex of grain quality indicators, the varieties ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Roksolana’ and ‘MIP Aurika’ were distinguished.