bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized double-blind trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal esketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in young children
Authors: Nikula Anna , Lundeberg Stefan , Ryd Rinder Malin , Lääperi Mitja , Sandholm Katri , Castrén Maaret , Kurland Lisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Procedural sedation and analgesia are commonly used in the Emergency Departments. Despite this common need, there is still a lack of options for adequate and safe analgesia and sedation in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intranasal dexmedetomidine could provide more effective analgesia and sedation during a procedure than intranasal esketamine.

Methods
This was a double-blind equally randomized (1:1) superiority trial of 30 children aged 1–3 years presenting to the Emergency Department with a laceration or a burn and requiring procedural sedation and analgesia. Patients were randomized to receive 2.0 mcg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine or 1.0 mg/kg intranasal esketamine.
The primary outcome measure was highest pain (assessed using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (FLACC)) during the procedure. Secondary outcomes were sedation depth, parents’ satisfaction, and physician’s assessment.
Comparisons were done using Mann–Whitney U test (continuous variables) and Fisher’s test (categorical variables).

Results
Adequate analgesia and sedation were reached in 28/30 patients. The estimated sample size was not reached due to changes in treatment of minor injuries and logistical reasons. The median (IQR) of highest FLACC was 1 (0–3) with intranasal dexmedetomidine and 5 (2–6.75) with intranasal esketamine, (p-value 0.09). 85.7% of the parents with children treated with intranasal dexmedetomidine were “very satisfied” with the procedure and sedation compared to the 46.2% of those with intranasal esketamine, (p-value 0.1). No severe adverse events were reported during this trial.

Conclusions
This study was underpowered and did not show any difference between intranasal dexmedetomidine and intranasal esketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in young children. However, the results support that intranasal dexmedetomidine could provide effective analgesia and sedation during procedures in young children aged 1–3 years with minor injuries.
Trial registration: Eudra-CT 2017-00057-40, April 20, 2017. https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/
In silico evaluation of a new compound incorporating 4(3H)-quinazolinone and sulfonamide as a potential inhibitor of a human carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Alkaoud Ahmed M. , Alakhras Abbas I. , Ibrahim Moez A. , Alghamdi S. K. , Hussein Rageh K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the potential of a new compound containing sulfonamide and 4(3H)-quinazolinone to inhibit the hCA-IIX enzyme using in silico methods. Density functional theory-based calculations of electronic properties have been addressed through the analysis of frontier molecular orbitals, molecule electrostatic potential, and IR and UV–vis spectroscopy data. A molecular electrostatic potential analysis predicts that the target protein will be most inhibited by the sulfonamide groups since it has the highest potential spots for electrophile and nucleophile attack. The investigated compound exhibited good ADMET properties and satisfied the Lipinski rule of drug likeness. The hCA-IIX protein binding affinity with the proposed compound was determined by molecular docking analysis, which revealed a stable conformation with more negative binding energy (−12.19 kcal/mol) than the standard AZA drug (−7.36 kcal/mol). Moreover, a molecular dynamics study confirmed the docking results through trajectory analysis. The RMSD and RMSF both showed convergence and no significant fluctuations during the simulation time, which revealed a stable interaction within the active domain of the target protein. According to these findings, the proposed compound has a good pharmacological nature and could potentially be an efficient drug against hCAIX enzymes.
Toxoplasma sortilin interacts with secretory proteins and it is critical for parasite proliferation
Authors: Li Chenghuan , Jiang Ning , Liu Yize , Zhang Yiwei , Chen Ran , Feng Ying , Sang Xiaoyu , Chen Qijun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The human sortilin protein is an important drug target and detection marker for cancer research. The sortilin from Toxoplasma gondii transports proteins associated with the apical organelles of the parasite. In this study, we aimed to determine the intracellular localization and structural domains of T. gondii sortilin, which may mediate protein transportation. Approaches to the functional inhibition of sortilin to establish novel treatments for T. gondii infections were explored.

Methods
A gene encoding the sortilin protein was identified in the T. gondii genome. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed to identify the protein species transported by T. gondii sortilin. The interaction of each structural domain of sortilin with the transported proteins was investigated using bio-layer interferometry. The binding regions of the transported proteins in sortilin were identified. The effect of the sortilin inhibitor AF38469 on the infectivity of T. gondii was investigated. The binding site of AF38469 on sortilin was determined.

Results
The subdomains Vps10, sortilin-C, and sortilin-M of the sortilin were identified as the binding regions for intracellular transportation of the target proteins. The sortilin inhibitor AF38469 bound to the Vps10 structural domain of T. gondii sortilin, which inhibited parasite invasion, replication, and intracellular growth in vitro and was therapeutic in mice infected with T. gondii.

Conclusion
The Vps10, sortilin-C, and sortilin-M subdomains of T. gondii sortilin were identified as functional regions for intracellular protein transport. The binding region for the sortilin inhibitor AF38469 was also identified as the Vps10 subdomain. This study establishes sortilin as a promising drug target against T. gondii and provides a valuable reference for the development of anti-T. gondii drug-target studies.

Graphical Abstract
Carbohydrate ingestion does not suppress increases in fatty acid-binding protein 4 concentrations post-acute aerobic exercise in healthy men: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Numao Shigeharu , Uchida Ryota , Kurosaki Takashi , Nakagaichi Masaki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Acute aerobic exercise increases circulating FABP4 concentrations, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of lipolysis by carbohydrate ingestion on circulating FABP4 concentrations during and after acute aerobic exercise in healthy men.

Methods
Men aged between 20 and 40, with no exercise habits and no metabolic diseases, were recruited. In a randomized crossover design, the participants underwent a carbohydrate-ingestion exercise (CE) and a fasted exercise (FE) trial. The CE trial consisted of 40-min acute aerobic exercise with ingestion of carbohydrates and 60-min bed rest. The FE trial followed the same protocol as the CE trial but without carbohydrate ingestion. Venous blood samples were collected to measure hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and insulin) metabolites (glycerol, free fatty acids, and glucose), and FABP4 concentrations. Ventilation and gas exchange were also collected to measure substrate oxidation.

Results
Thirteen healthy men participated in and completed both the CE and FE trials. The insulin concentration was more than 4 times higher in the CE trial than in the FE trial (p < 0.004, effect size [ES] > 2.00). Free fatty acid concentrations were more than 4 times lower in the CE trial than in the FE trial (p < 0.02, ES > 2.04). However, there was no significant difference in the changes in circulating FABP4 concentrations between the CE and FE trials (p = 0.108), which did not change during aerobic exercise and significantly increased post-aerobic exercise in both trials (p < 0.002, ES > 1.212). Changes in FABP4 concentrations following aerobic exercise were not significantly correlated with changes in glycerol or free fatty acid concentrations during aerobic exercise.

Conclusions
The results suggest that suppression of lipolysis and elevation of insulin are not strongly involved in increases in FABP4 secretion following acute aerobic exercise.
Sinonasal adenocarcinoma presented as a giant anterior cranial fossa mass: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ali Endris Hussen , Mengesha Mulualem Wendafrash 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Intestinal adenocarcinoma accounts for less than 0.1–4% of all malignancies in the region. It is common among woodworkers and leather workers. Sinonasal adenocarcinoma usually arises from the ethmoid sinus (40%) or nasal cavity (25%). Extension to nearby structures is common, but intracranial spread is very rare. These tumors are usually treated with surgery, with a reported 5-year survival rate of 59% to 80%.

Case presentation
This is a 60-year-old Black African male patient who presented with globalized headache, nasal obstruction with snoring during sleep, anosmia, change in mentation, sometimes agitation and left-side visual loss of one-year duration with worsening his above symptoms over the last one month. He couldn’t smell soap bilaterally; in his left eye he could see only hand movement at nearly 30 cm. On brain magnetic resonance imaging, there was a T1 hypo- and T2 hyper-intense anterior cranial fossa mass arising from the left ethmoid sinuses and sphenoid sinuses and compressing the left optic structures, and brain computed tomography demonstrated heterogeneous hypo- to isodense mass. Complete tumor excision achieved and discharged with significant improvement and linked to oncology unit for radiotherapy.

Conclusion
The management of these patients is multidisciplinary, involving neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists, oncologists, and maxillofacial surgeons. Surgical resection is the main treatment strategy, followed by radiotherapy, particularly intensity-modulated therapy. Chemotherapy is used in highly advanced, metastatic, and unresectable tumors.
Clinical outcomes of percutaneous microwave ablation for pulmonary oligometastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective, multicenter study
Authors: Wang Gang , Wei Zhigang , Wang Feihang , Han Xiaoying , Jia Haipeng , Zhao Danyang , Li Chunhai , Liu Lingxiao , Yang Xia , Ye Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary oligometastases are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the existing therapeutic options have several limitations. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of HCC-originating pulmonary oligometastases.MethodsA total of 83 patients, comprising 73 males and 10 females with a median age of 57 years, who had pulmonary oligometastases from HCC, underwent MWA treatment at four different medical institutions. Inclusion criteria for patients involved having primary HCC under control and having less than three oligometastases with a maximum diameter of ≤ 5 cm in the unilateral lung or less than five oligometastases with a maximum diameter of ≤ 3 cm in the bilateral lung. A total of 147 tumors were treated with MWA over 116 sessions. The primary endpoints assessed included technical success, treatment efficacy, and local progression rate, while secondary endpoints encompassed complications, clinical outcomes, overall survival (OS), local progression-free survival (LPFS), and prognostic factors.ResultsThe technical success rate for MWA was 100% (116/116 sessions), and the treatment efficacy rate was 82.3% (121/147 tumors). Six months after MWA, the local progression rate was 23.1% (18/147 tumors). Complications were observed in 10.3% (major) and 47.4% (minor) of the 116 sessions, with no cases of ablation-related deaths. The median follow-up period was 21.6 months (range: 5.7–87.8 months). Median OS was 22.0 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 82.6%, 44.5%, and 25.2%, respectively. Median LPFS was 8.5 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels during initial diagnosis and the number of oligometastases as potential independent prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.017 and 0.045, respectively).ConclusionPercutaneous MWA is a safe and effective treatment modality for pulmonary oligometastases originating from HCC.
Effects of an intervention to improve sexual and reproductive health on level and predictors of awareness and knowledge of condoms and dual protection amongst adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Agu Chibuike , Akamike Ifeyinwa Chizoba , Agu Ifunanya , Agu Ozioma , Eigbiremolen Godstime O. , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescents need both information about sexual behaviours and potential risks in order to make the right choices. This study compared adolescents’ level of awareness and predictors of knowledge of condoms and dual protection where a multi-component sexual and reproductive health (SRH) intervention was implemented and in communities where the intervention was not implemented, so as to understand the effect of the intervention on awareness and knowledge and also identify predictors of knowledge of contraception methods.

Methods
The study was an intervention study that was undertaken in six local government areas (three rural and three urban LGAs) in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. Data were collected from 855 adolescent boys and girls, using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select eligible households from which adolescents were interviewed Analysis of data was carried out using bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. The level of statistical significance was determined by a p value of < 0.05.

Results
The level of awareness of condoms and dual protection was similar in the intervention and non-intervention communities. However, the predictors of knowledge about condoms and dual protection were different between the intervention and non-intervention groups. The multivariate linear regression showed that the higher the level of education, the higher the level of awareness of contraception methods among adolescents (p < 0.05). Likewise, increasing age by one year and working for pay increased the awareness of condoms and dual protection(p < 0.05).

Conclusion
There was no difference in the level of awareness of pregnancy prevention methods, knowledge of condoms and dual protection in both arms of the study. Higher level of education, increasing age, and working for pay are factors associated with awareness of condom and dual protection. These factors should be prioritized for effective Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) programming.
Successful intraoperative management of laparoscopic hysterectomy in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome: a case report
Authors: Maeda Yuki , Kakuta Nami , Kasai Asuka , Yonezawa Hiroki , Kawanishi Ryosuke , Tanaka Katsuya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) requiring noncardiac surgery are at a significantly high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, perioperative management of patients with ES requiring laparoscopic surgery remains unclear.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a patient with ES who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy under general anesthesia with a peripheral nerve block. The objectives of the perioperative management included the following: (1) maintaining systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output through euvolemia, facilitated by the infusion of noradrenaline, and (2) preventing a reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity and factors that elevate pulmonary vascular resistance, such as pain, hypoxia, and decreased body temperature. Although laparoscopic procedures involved an increased risk in patients with ES, they are less invasive than open surgeries.

Conclusion
This report describes the successful anesthetic management of a patient with ES, ensuring a balance between systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance.
Acceleration of new medicines–CMC lessons learned from emergency use authorizations
Authors: Bernstein James , Huynh-Ba Kim , Lynch Patrick , Oliver Thomas , Oliyai Reza , Roberts Scott W. , Schirmer Andrea , Schwinke David , Tang Kin , Ursin Jessica 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Community hosted a virtual panel discussion on July 15, 2022, to provide a forum to discuss industry and regulator CMC challenges associated with emergency use authorizations.
SPAGHETTI: a synthetic data generator for post-Covid electric vehicle usage
Authors: Berkes Anaïs , Keshav Srinivasan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a permanent shift in individuals’ daily routines and driving behaviours, leading to an increase in remote work. There has also been an independent and parallel rise in the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, electrical storage systems, and electric vehicles (EVs). With remote work, EVs are spending longer periods at home. This offers a chance to reduce EV charging demands on the grid by directly charging EV batteries with solar energy during daylight. Additionally, if bidirectional charging is supported, EVs can serve as a backup energy source day and night. Such an approach fundamentally alters domestic load profiles and boosts the profitability of residential power systems. However, the lack of publicly available post-Covid EV usage datasets has made it difficult to study the impact of recent commuting patterns shifts on EV charging. This paper, therefore, presents SPAGHETTI (Synthetic Patterns & Activity Generator for Home-Energy & Tomorrow’s Transportation Investigation), a tool that can be used for the synthetic generation of realistic EV drive cycles. It takes as input EV user commuting patterns, allowing for personalised modeling of EV usage. It is based on a thorough literature survey on post-Covid work-from-home (WFH) patterns. SPAGHETTI can be used by the scientific community to conduct further research on the large-scale adoption of EVs and their integration into domestic microgrids. As an example of its utility, we study the dependence of EV charge state and EV charging distributions on the degree of working from home and find that there is, indeed, a significant impact of WFH patterns on these critical parameters.
Evaluation of high temporal resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the liver with gadoxetate disodium in combination with compressed sensing and parallel imaging under single breath-holding using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance system
Authors: Fukamatsu Fumiaki , Yamada Akira , Sakai Ayumi , Shimizu Marika , Ichinohe Fumihito , Takahashi Masaaki , Hayashihara Hayato , Kitou Yoshihiro , Fujinaga Yasunari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the optimal scan time for high temporal resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver with gadoxetate disodium injection in combination with compressed sensing (CS) and parallel imaging (PI) techniques under single breath-holding using a 1.5-T MR system.

Methods
Sixty-two participants underwent multiple arterial phases of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of the liver with gadoxetate disodium using fat-suppressed GRE T1-weighted imaging—liver acquisition with volume acceleration (LAVA)—in combination with CS and PI using a 1.5-T MR system. Forty-six and 22 participants underwent 6-s and 10-s scans, respectively. Pre-contrast, multiple arterial, portal venous, and hepatobiliary phase images were acquired. Two radiologists evaluated the visual scores for the outline of the liver, inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV), right portal vein, right hepatic artery, appropriateness of the arterial phase, and overall image quality using a 4- or 5-point scale.

Results
The overall image quality and the image quality of the outline of the liver in the pre-contrast and arterial phases and IRHV in the pre-contrast phase were significantly better (P < 0.05) in the 10-s scan group than those in the 6-s scan group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the appropriateness of the arterial phase (obtaining the optimal arterial phase) (P = 0.731).

Conclusions
A 10-s scan protocol is recommended for high temporal resolution DCE-MRI of the liver with gadoxetate disodium injection in combination with CS and PI under single breath-holding using a 1.5-T MR system.
Mine reclamation practices and effects of stakeholder perception — a case study of Saoner mines, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Basu Debasmita , Mishra Smriti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Saoner mine reclamation study conducted in Maharashtra, India, meticulously investigates the practicality and efficacy of ecological restoration initiatives post-mining operations. Employing multifaceted research approach, including field observations, interviews, and questionnaires, the study captures a diverse array of perspectives from stakeholders representing local communities, mining companies, regulatory bodies, and environmental organizations. Within this complexity, the research uncovers spectrum of viewpoints. Encouragingly, positive outcomes emerge from specific reclamation practices like revegetation and soil stabilization. However, substantial challenges linger in vital areas such as water management, soil quality restoration, and post-reclamation monitoring, demanding targeted interventions. Stakeholders’ diverse concerns reflect varying priorities. Local communities express apprehension about the adequacy of reclamation efforts and potential health implications, underscoring immediate impact on their lives. Mining companies prioritize regulatory compliance and economic contributions, emphasizing their immediate obligations. Simultaneously, environmental organizations advocate for stringent monitoring and the adoption of more robust practices, reflecting long-term ecological perspective. The study suggests a holistic approach to mining, beyond regulatory compliance, involving integrated planning, ongoing monitoring, and stakeholder engagement. This approach can reduce the industry’s environmental footprint, promote sustainable development, and foster harmony between mining activities and local communities, making it a crucial foundation for Saoner and other Indian mining regions.