bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solastalgia: The Distress Caused by Environmental Change
Authors: Albrecht Glenn , Sartore Gina-Maree , Connor Linda , Higginbotham Nick , Freeman Sonia , Kelly Brian , Stain Helen , Tonna Anne , Pollard Georgia 
Published: November 2007

Objective: Solastalgia is a new concept developed to give greater meaning and clarity to environmentally induced distress. As opposed to nostalgia – the melancholia or homesickness experienced by individuals when separated from a loved home – solastalgia is the distress that is produced by environmental change impacting on people while they are directly connected to their home environment. The paper will focus on two contexts where collaborative research teams have found solastalgia to be evident: the experiences of persistent drought in rural NSW and the impact of large-scale open-cut coal mining on individuals in the Upper Hunter Valley of NSW. In both cases, people exposed to environmental change experienced negative affect that is exacerbated by a sense of powerlessness or lack of control over the unfolding change process. Methods: Qualitative (interviews and focus groups) and quantitative (community-based surveys) research has been conducted on the lived experience of drought and mining, and the findings relevant to solastalgia are presented. Results: The authors are exploring the potential uses and applications of the concept of solastalgia for understanding the psychological impact of the increasing incidence of environmental change worldwide. Conclusions: Worldwide, there is an increase in ecosystem distress syndromes matched by a corresponding increase in human distress syndromes. The specific role played by global-scale environmental challenges to ‘sense of place’ and identity will be explored in the future development of the concept of solastalgia.
Modeling Community-Based, Self-Help Mental Health Rehabilitation Reform
Authors: Lloyd Robbie 
Published: November 2007

Objectives: The research used supported collaborative inquiry in participative action research to record the effectiveness of peer support and narrative therapy, in an indigenous-informed community of belonging, or open urban tribe. There were three objectives: (i) to identify the active attributes of consciousness among those living with intellectual disability and/or mental illness, which can be acknowledged, nurtured and developed to strengthen their balanced self-awareness, and assist them in taking more responsibility for their lives; (ii) to identify how these aspects of self awareness can be used to inform improved individual and group empowerment and improved rehabilitation practice, in communities of inter-subjective relationship and belonging, and; (iii) by exploring collaborative engagement with ‘the system’ which serves these two groups, to identify how they can more effectively be empowered to manage the planning, policies, programs and service delivery which largely determine their quality of life. The research also seeks to clarify how this person-valuing approach can be applied, in a self-help, peer-supported, community-based rehabilitation system. Findings: People living with mental illness and/or intellectual disability experience improved quality of life and self-determining sense of self when they are included in mixed open urban tribes, or communities of belonging. The predominant way this comes about is through the diverse shared metaphors of being which the participants provide for each other, through their energy of life and testimonies of experience which give each other encouragement and stimulation, generating motivation and strengthened intention for life. It is not the cognitive or social ability to perform particular skills in individual or group exchange that determines the impact of this open urban tribal model; it is more the spirit and essence of the people, and their way of exchanging loving interaction and generous caring, listening and feedback that enhances participants’ quality of life experience. Successful psychosocial rehabilitation depends on people's motivation for recovery, growth and development, and this happens best in communities of belonging, not in isolated ‘group homes’ or patronizing ‘professional’ service delivery that pathologizes its recipients. Improvement in mental health and supported living services will accelerate and create cheaper bottom line costs, with the provision of equitably facilitated, self-help, peer-supported, open urban tribe models of mutual support and motivation for ongoing life development.
Poetry and Self Recovery
Authors: Clark Trevor 
Published: November 2007

Objective: The author, a mental health consumer, describes key elements of ‘self-directed recovery’ central to which was the writing of poetry. Examples of poetry through the recovery journey are presented and provide a means to identify other resources to this end. Conclusions: The periodic reflection of poetry as a recovery tool, coupled with the support of family and peers and other recovery realizations such as self talk, can make the recuperation from mental illness less debilitating and something to embrace.
Isobaric and isochoric freezing of CH2BrCl and isostructural relations between CH2Cl2, CH2Br2 and CH2BrCl
Authors: Podsiadło Marcin , Katrusiak Andrzej 
Published: November 2007

Bromochloromethane, CH2BrCl, has been temperature-frozen and in situ pressure-frozen and the structure determined by X-ray diffraction at low temperatures of 170 and 100 K at ambient pressure (0.10 MPa), and at high pressures of 1.04 and 1.72 GPa at room temperature (295 K). CH2BrCl exhibits a remarkable polymorphism: at low temperature it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (phase I), isostructural to the crystals of CH2Br2. The pressure-frozen crystal of CH2BrCl is orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, and is isostructural to the crystal of CH2Cl2. In both phases I and II the Br and Cl atoms are substitutionally disordered. The freezing temperatures and pressures of simple dihalomethanes have been correlated to their molecular weight and halogen... ˙˙halogen distances. Calculated electrostatic potential surfaces have been related to the different crystal packing of dihalomethanes investigated.
Regression to the mean in substance use disorder treatment research
Authors: Finney John W. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTAims  Regression to the mean (RTM) refers to the tendency for a group of cases that differ from the population mean to move (regress) towards the mean, on average, when re‐assessed, if scores at the two points are less than perfectly correlated. This paper considers factors that affect the magnitude of RTM and how RTM may impact findings from primary studies and reviews of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment.Design and methods  The paper is guided largely by A Primer on Regression Artifacts by Campbell and Kenny. It reviews potential RTM effects in three areas of SUD treatment research. One is the extent to which within‐group improvement in comparative treatment trials, including ‘placebo effects’, is a function of RTM. The second is the vulnerability of treatment evaluations employing non‐equivalent control group designs to RTM and biased estimates of treatment effects when matching, or statistical equating is used to adjust for pre‐existing group differences. The final issue is the impact of RTM in syntheses of research findings on SUD treatments. In particular, the tendency for later studies of a particular intervention to have smaller treatment effect sizes relative to earlier studies is considered as an RTM phenomenon.Findings  RTM is a pervasive, but often unrecognized phenomenon that can bias findings in SUD treatment studies and in systematic reviews of that research.Conclusion  SUD treatment researchers should be aware of RTM, take any available steps to reduce it, and try to diagnose whether it is still affecting research findings.
Economic comparison of forage production from annual crops, perennial pasture and native grassland in the alpine region of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Dong S. K. , Kang M. Y. , Yun X. J. , Long R. J. , Hu Z. Z. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryEconomic costs and benefits for different grassland production systems were analysed. Comparisons included one native grassland (alpine meadow dominated by sedges) system, four perennial monocultures of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss, SB), Siberian wild ryegrass (Elymus sibricus Linn., SW), drooping wild ryegrass (Elymus nutans Griseb, DW) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum Gaertn., CW), three mixtures of these grasses (SB + DW, SB + SW + CW and SB + SW + DW + CW), and two annual monocultures of forage oats (FO) and annual ryegrass (Lolium annual, AR) in the alpine grasslands of Qinghai‐Tibet, China. Perennial grass monocultures of SW and DW and perennial grass mixtures of SB + SW + DW + CW and SB + SW + CW had higher forage yields, total revenues, output:input ratios and net profits than native grassland. These grasses and mixtures can be used to reseed native grassland and improve degraded grassland in the alpine region of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Perennial grass mixtures can replace FO for more sustainable agricultural production systems as they are comparable in economic value and superior in ecological value to FO.
Effect of a stay‐green locus on the dry‐matter yield, nitrogen yield and shoot density of perennial ryegrass
Authors: Wilkins P. W. , Lovatt J. A. , Hayes R. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA rare stay‐green allele transferred from meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has improved both the colour of turf and the nutritive value of herbage. In this study its effect on shoot density and forage yield was assessed. Equivalent populations of perennial ryegrass were constructed with and without the stay‐green allele, following eight generations of backcrossing to perennial ryegrass. The stay‐green population, the normal population and the cv. AberStar were compared over two harvest years (2005 and 2006) in a field experiment with six application rates of N fertilizer (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 kg ha−1 annually). There were no significant interactions between level of N fertilizer and population in any of the traits measured. The mean annual dry‐matter (DM) yield over all populations and fertilizer levels was 6·45 t ha−1 lower in the second harvest year. Mean annual DM yields over all fertilizer levels of the normal population were higher than, or equal to, AberStar while those of the stay‐green population were significantly (proportionately 0·10–0·13) lower than the normal population. In 2005, the mean total yield of N in the herbage of the stay‐green population was 0·09 lower than that of the normal population and the mean concentration of N over all harvests was 1·5 g kg−1 DM higher. The shoot density of the stay‐green population after the last harvest in November 2006 was 0·18 lower than that of the normal population (3689 and 4478 shoots m−2 respectively).
The relative impacts of wilting, chopping, compaction and air infiltration on the conservation characteristics of ensiled grass
Authors: McEniry J. , O’Kiely P. , Clipson N. J. W. , Forristal P. D. , Doyle E. M. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe chemical composition of baled silage frequently differs from that of comparable conventional silage. The extents of wilting, chopping, compaction and air infiltration potentially contribute to these differences in conservation characteristics. An experiment was organized in a 3 (0, 24 or 48‐h wilting to influence herbage dry‐matter content) × 2 (unchopped or chopped) × 2 (with or without compaction) × 2 (with or without air infiltration) factorial arrangement of treatments, to elucidate the relative effects of these factors on the conservation characteristics of ensiled grass. Dry‐matter content of herbage and infiltration of air had a greater effect on silage conservation characteristics than chopping and compaction. The main interactions were between wilting and air infiltration, wilting and compaction, and compaction and air infiltration. Air infiltration stimulated a secondary fermentation in the unwilted herbage, reflected in a large increase (P < 0·001) in clostridial activity. As wilting progressed, air infiltration facilitated yeast respiration of water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and resulted in an increase (P < 0·001) in in‐silo fresh‐weight losses. Compaction reduced (P < 0·05) silage pore space and, as a result, the extent to which air could penetrate the silage mass. Compaction of the wilted herbage restricted respiration and was reflected in increased (P < 0·05) concentrations of WSC and in a reduction (P < 0·001) in fresh‐weight loss. The rapid achievement and maintenance of adequately anaerobic conditions is the primary requirement for baled silage. This study showed that failure to achieve this will lead to progressively greater losses, especially with drier herbage.
Important characteristics of software development team members: an empirical investigation using Repertory Grid
Authors: Siau Keng , Tan Xin , Sheng Hong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn information system is typically developed by a team of information systems (IS) professionals. Research shows that teams staffed with the right people are more likely to be effective and efficient. There is a paucity of study that examines the important traits of IS professionals in team contexts. The objective of this research is to identify and understand the important characteristics of good team members in software development projects. We applied an established psychological technique (Repertory Grid) to guide our interviews with 21 experienced IS professionals, who have had extensive experience in software development teams. The comprehensive list of important characteristics was analysed qualitatively using open coding method of grounded theory. Fifty‐nine unique characteristics were identified and classified into eight categories. Among them, attitude/motivation, knowledge, interpersonal/communication skills, and working/cognitive ability were perceived by research participants to be the most important categories. Our study provides a context‐specific (i.e. software development team) evaluation of important characteristics of IS professionals. The results have significant implications for IS recruiting, IS training, IS staffing, and IS human resource management. Our study also supplements the research on management of IS development teams.
Oestrogen supplementation following castration promotes stromal remodelling and histopathological alterations in the Mongolian gerbil ventral prostate
Authors: Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , De Sousa Daniel Emídio , Campos Silvana Gisele Pegorin , Corradi Lara Silvia , Vilamaior Patricia Simone Leite , Taboga Sebastião Roberto 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of oestradiol on the intact and castrated adult gerbil prostate was evaluated by focussing on stromal and epithelial disorders, and hormonal receptor immunoreactivity. The experimental animals were studied by histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, morphometric–stereological analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Epithelial alterations in the oestradiol‐treated animals were frequent, with an increase in epithelial cell height, areas of intense dysplasia and hyperplasia and formation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Another aspect that did not depend on the presence of testosterone was the arrangement of the fibrillar and non‐fibrillar elements of the extracellular matrix among smooth muscle cells (SMC), suggesting a possible role of these cells in rearrangement and synthesis of these components, after oestrogenic treatment. In the castrated animals, an accumulation of extracellular matrix elements under the epithelium was evident, while in the intact animals the same compounds were dispersed and scarce. In the groups of intact and castrated animals, SMC and fibroblasts exhibited a secretory phenotype, which was accentuated after oestradiol administration. There was an increase of the immunoreactivity to α‐oestrogen and androgen receptors in hyperplastic areas compared to normal epithelium, revealing the involvement of these steroid receptors in the hyperplasia and PIN development.
Nutritional content of school meals in Hull and the East Riding of Yorkshire: a comparison of two schools
Authors: Gatenby L. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  In April 2004 Hull City Council introduced free healthy school meals for primary and special schools pupils (approximately 20,500 children) in an attempt to reduce health inequalities. The meals aimed to meet the Caroline Walker Trust (CWT) nutritional guidelines for primary schools. The study assesses the nutritional content of the meals, including children's actual intake. The Hull school is compared with a neighbouring school with no such initiative.Methods  64 childern aged 9–10 years participated from 2 primary schools. Fieldwork was undertaken over 5 days in each school. 320 meals were weighted and photographed before and after consumption to assess actual intake.Results  Hull childern consumed (p < 0.001) less total fat, sugar and sodium than neighbouring children. Both schools exceeded the CWT recommendations for these nutrients. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences were observed between nutrient intakes of energy, iron, zinc, folate and magnesium (p < 0.001) with Hull children consuming less than neighbouring children. Childern's intake at both schools did not meet recommended guidelines for 11 of the 17 nutrients assessed.Conclusion  Although Hull's school meals aimed to provide childern with adequate nutritional intake, findings demonstrate that, on average, childeren are served and consume inadequate levels of many nutrients.
The Mga virulence regulon: infection where the grass is greener
Authors: Hondorp Elise R. , McIver Kevin S. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCo‐ordinate regulation of virulence gene expression in response to different host environments is central to the success of the group A streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) as an important human pathogen. Mga represents a ubiquitous stand‐alone virulence regulator that controls genes (Mga regulon) whose products are necessary for adherence, internalization and host immune evasion. Mga highly activates a core set of virulence genes, including its own gene, by directly binding to their promoters. Yet, Mga also influences expression of over 10% of the GAS genome, primarily genes and operons involved in metabolism and sugar utilization. Expression of the Mga regulon is influenced by conditions that signify favourable growth conditions, presumably allowing GAS to take advantage of promising new niches in the host. The ability of Mga to respond to growth signals clearly involves regulation of mga expression via global regulatory networks such as RALPs, Rgg/RopB and the catabolite control protein CcpA. However, the presence of predicted PTS regulatory domains (PRDs) within Mga suggests an intriguing model whereby phosphorylation of Mga by the PTS phosphorelay might link growth and sugar utilization with virulence in GAS. As Mga homologues have been found in several important Gram‐positive pathogens, the Mga regulon could provide a valuable paradigm for increasing our understanding of global virulence networks in bacteria.
Differential Flo8p‐dependent regulation of FLO1 and FLO11 for cell–cell and cell–substrate adherence of S. cerevisiae S288c
Authors: Fichtner Lars , Schulze Florian , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCell–cell and cell–surface adherence represents initial steps in forming multicellular aggregates or in establishing cell–surface interactions. The commonly used Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strain S288c carries a flo8 mutation, and is only able to express the flocculin‐encoding genes FLO1 and FLO11, when FLO8 is restored. We show here that the two flocculin genes exhibit differences in regulation to execute distinct functions under various environmental conditions. In contrast to the laboratory strain Σ1278b, haploids of the S288c genetic background require FLO1 for cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion, whereas FLO11 is required for pseudohyphae formation of diploids. In contrast to FLO11, FLO1 repression requires the Sin4p mediator tail component, but is independent of the repressor Sfl1p. FLO1 regulation also differs from FLO11, because it requires neither the KSS1 MAP kinase cascade nor the pathways which lead to the transcription factors Gcn4p or Msn1p. The protein kinase A pathway and the transcription factors Flo8p and Mss11p are the major regulators for FLO1 expression. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is prepared to simultaneously express two genes of its otherwise silenced FLO reservoir resulting in an appropriate cellular surface for different environments.
RNA interference‐mediated repression of sucrose‐phosphatase in transgenic potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) strongly affects the hexose‐to‐sucrose ratio upon cold storage with only minor effects on total soluble carbohydrate accumulation
Authors: CHEN SHUAI , HAJIREZAEI MOHAMMAD R. , ZANOR MARÍA‐INÉS , HORNYIK CSABA , DEBAST STEFAN , LACOMME CHRISTOPHE , FERNIE ALISDAIR R. , SONNEWALD UWE , BÖRNKE FREDERIK 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTStorage of potato tubers at low temperatures leads to the accumulation of glucose and fructose in a process called ‘cold sweetening’. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of sucrose‐phosphatase (SPP) in potato tuber carbohydrate metabolism at low temperature (4 °C). To this end, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to reduce SPP expression in transgenic potato tubers. Analysis of SPP specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), SPP protein accumulation and enzyme activity indicated that SPP silencing in transgenic tubers was stable during the cold treatment. Analysis of soluble carbohydrates showed that in transgenic tubers, cold‐induced hexogenesis was inhibited while, despite strongly reduced SPP activity, sucrose levels exceeded wild‐type (WT) values four‐ to fivefold after 34 d of cold treatment. This led to a drastic change in the hexose‐to‐sucrose ratio from 1.9 in WT tubers to 0.15 to 0.11 in transgenic tubers, while the total amount of soluble sugars was largely unchanged in both genotypes. Sucrose‐6F‐phosphate (Suc6P), the substrate of SPP, accumulated in transgenic tubers in the cold which most likely enables the residual enzyme to operate with maximal catalytic activity in vivo and thus, in the long term, counterbalances reduced SPP activity in the transformants. Northern analysis revealed that cold‐induced expression of vacuolar invertase (VI) was blocked in SPP‐silenced tubers explaining a reduced sucrose‐to‐hexose conversion. Suc6P levels were found to negatively correlate with VI expression. A possible role of Suc6P in regulating VI expression is discussed.