bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research note: A comparison between normalized controlled‐source electromagnetic field components and transfer functions as input data for three‐dimensional non‐linear conjugate gradient inversion
Authors: Rulff Paula , Kalscheuer Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractControlled‐source electromagnetic methods are applied to survey the electrical resistivity distribution of the subsurface. This work compares normalized electromagnetic field components and transfer functions such as impedance tensors and vertical magnetic transfer functions generated by two independent source polarizations as input data for three‐dimensional inversion. As most other available inversion codes allow for inverting only one of the mentioned input data types, it is unclear which data type is preferable for controlled‐source electromagnetic inversion. Our three‐dimensional non‐linear conjugate gradient inversion code can handle both input data types, facilitating a comparison of normalized electromagnetic field components and transfer functions inversion. Examining inversion results for a three‐dimensional synthetic model with two anomalies, we infer that the transfer functions inversion is favourable for recovering the overall resistivity distribution below the receiver sites in fewer iterations. The inversion of normalized electromagnetic field components produces a sharper image of the anomalies and may be capable of detecting the resistivity distribution below the extended sources, which comes at the price of introducing a more heterogeneous background resistivity in the model.
Exploring the role of palliative care occupational therapists in supporting compassionate communities in end‐of‐life care
Authors: Smith Samantha , Lowrie Daniel , Dawes Nathan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe compassionate communities' movement is a public health approach to end‐of‐life care that emphasises the integral role of communities in supporting and caring for dying persons and their informal carers. Although occupational therapists have well‐established roles in palliative care teams, little is known about their potential in assisting in the formation and maintenance of compassionate communities.MethodData were gathered via semi‐structured interviews with nine Australian occupational therapists with experience in specialist palliative care. Interview questions were based around the British Columbia Compassionate Community Ideal framework. Key themes were derived through qualitative descriptive analysis, blending deductive, and inductive reasoning.FindingsInterviewees indicated that occupational therapists have a role in supporting compassionate communities that centres on the facilitation of networks and connections between palliative care professionals and in the promotion of informal care networks. The importance of education and awareness raising were also discussed as valuable to the development of community capacity. It was also suggested that occupational therapists have important skills to support dying persons and their caregivers to remain engaged and safe in their homes and communities, in a meaningful and sustainable way. However, many interviewees maintained a profession‐centric view on control within compassionate communities, as opposed to approaches that are community led.ConclusionFindings offer early insights into the promise and potential of occupational therapists in supporting the compassionate communities' movement. However, education regarding the ethos of the compassionate communities' movement so as to facilitate a shift away from professionally oriented modes of practice may be needed to maximise success.
Democracies use more renewable energy
Authors: Uzar Umut , Eyuboglu Kemal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn his groundbreaking study titled ‘Democracies Pay Higher Wages’, Rodrik emphasized that democracies provide higher wage levels. So, can democracies also be functional in solving other problems that benefit society? In recent years, the aggravation of the environmental crisis has made the use of renewable energy more important. Although there has been an increasing interest in the determinants of renewable energy, the theoretical connections and empirical evidence between democracy and renewable energy are almost nonexistent. With this motivation, this study examines the main determinants of renewable energy in the United States during 1970–2020, assigning a specific role to democracy. The main finding of the study indicates that democracy promotes the widespread use of renewable energy. Similarly, economic growth increases renewable energy. Otherwise, the effects of both CO2 emissions and trade openness on renewable energy are negative. Policymakers have the opportunity to improve both democracy and renewable energy.
A component of high‐grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed as the cause of lymph node metastasis
Authors: Ishii Daichi , Aoyama Satoshi , Arai Wataru , Hasegawa Masaru , Tanaka Akihiko , Sakuraba Motoki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma (H‐FLAC) is a rare type of tumor. There have been no reports demonstrating the degree of metastatic susceptibility of this tumor type. In this report, we describe a case in which 15% of the adenocarcinoma components were H‐FLAC diagnosed as the cause of lymph node metastasis. A 75‐year‐old man presented with suspected primary lung cancer (clinical stage IIA, T2bN0M0) and underwent left upper lobectomy and superior mediastinal lymph node dissection. Postoperative histopathology revealed lung cancer with only lobar bronchial lymph node (#11) metastasis. Approximately 60% of the invasive adenocarcinoma showed a papillary morphology, 25% showed a lepidic morphology, and 15% showed a fetal morphology. The histomorphological and immunohistological features of #11 metastasis were similar to those of H‐FLAC. Herein, we report a rare and important case of H‐FLAC with proven lymph node metastasis, showing that even a small amount of H‐FLAC tissue can cause metastasis.
Young adult migrants' social experiences in Sweden: ‘Melting pot’ and ‘salad bowl’ perspectives on social integration
Authors: Qamar Azher Hameed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFramed within the social constructionist interpretive phenomenological approach, I explore the perceptions and social experiences of two Arab girls living in Sweden. A phenomenological interpretive analysis was used to examine the unstructured in‐depth interviews. The research focuses on the migrants' perceptions of social integration framed as a ‘melting pot’ to a ‘salad bowl’ integration. The ‘melting pot’ is a metaphor for assimilationists' perspectives on integration which means melting down into a new identity while losing oneself. This was expressed as submission, drawing a line of ‘differences’ between ‘successful’ and ‘unsuccessful’ integration. Contrary, ‘salad bowl’ is a metaphor for social integration as a process of creating and nurturing social connections that lead to co‐existence with trust, reciprocity, and a sense of belonging. I present a two‐fold argument connecting social resilience and social integration as the foundation of migrants' social experiences in the host country: (1) the visibility of migrants as ‘beings’ rather than ‘becomings’ should guide the pragmatic approach to integration; and (2) the social and political space for migrants should include their voices and engagement in right‐based policies, as well as a shared sense of responsibilities, connectedness, and co‐existence.
The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography in borderline personality disorder compared to health control subjects
Authors: Xu Bei , Li Fangling , Zhang Zhejia , Xiao Qian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) or OCT angiography (OCTA) has been investigated in few research studies of psychiatric disorders. No research has been done using OCT or OCTA in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodsOCTA measured foveal avascular zone (FAZ), macular vessel density (MVD), and peripapillary vessel density (PVD). OCT measured the peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) and central retinal thickness (CRT). The study utilized the Ottawa Self‐Injury Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) to assess the symptom characteristics of individuals with BPD.ResultsFifty‐nine eyes of BPD patients and 58 eyes of normal subjects were analyzed, MVD of the superficial retinal capillary plexus declined noticeably in most subfields (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the whole inner ring and outer ring index between BPD and HC groups (p < 0.05). The patients with BPD exhibited lower RNFL and CRT, the difference was significant (p < 0.05). CRT indicated a significant negative correlation with the Ottawa Self‐Injury Inventory (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed that there was a negative correlation identified between the MVD of the inner ring and HAMA (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the MVD of the outer ring was positively correlated with GAF (p < 0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for distinguishing BPD and HC eyes in OCTA were the highest for fovea MVD (0.679), followed by outer ring MVD (0.669), inner ring MVD (0.641), FAZ (0.579). In OCT, CRT was highest for BPD (0.711), followed by RNFL (0.625).ConclusionThe OCT and OCTA can non‐invasively detect microvascular and morphology changes of the retina in BPD patients compared to healthy control subjects.
Looking at Mental Images: Eye‐Tracking Mental Simulation During Retrospective Causal Judgment
Authors: Krasich Kristina , O'Neill Kevin , De Brigard Felipe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHow do people evaluate causal relationships? Do they just consider what actually happened, or do they also consider what could have counterfactually happened? Using eye tracking and Gaussian process modeling, we investigated how people mentally simulated past events to judge what caused the outcomes to occur. Participants played a virtual ball‐shooting game and then—while looking at a blank screen—mentally simulated (a) what actually happened, (b) what counterfactually could have happened, or (c) what caused the outcome to happen. Our findings showed that participants moved their eyes in patterns consistent with the actual or counterfactual events that they mentally simulated. When simulating what caused the outcome to occur, participants moved their eyes consistent with simulations of counterfactual possibilities. These results favor counterfactual theories of causal reasoning, demonstrate how eye movements can reflect simulation during this reasoning and provide a novel approach for investigating retrospective causal reasoning and counterfactual thinking.
Can Infants Retain Statistically Segmented Words and Mappings Across a Delay?
Authors: Karaman Ferhat , Lany Jill , Hay Jessica F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInfants are sensitive to statistics in spoken language that aid word‐form segmentation and immediate mapping to referents. However, it is not clear whether this sensitivity influences the formation and retention of word‐referent mappings across a delay, two real‐world challenges that learners must overcome. We tested how the timing of referent training, relative to familiarization with transitional probabilities (TPs) in speech, impacts English‐learning 23‐month‐olds’ ability to form and retain word‐referent mappings. In Experiment 1, we tested infants’ ability to retain TP information across a 10‐min delay and use it in the service of word learning. Infants successfully mapped high‐TP but not low‐TP words to referents. In Experiment 2, infants readily mapped the same words even when they were unfamiliar. In Experiment 3, high‐ and low‐TP word‐referent mappings were trained immediately after familiarization, and infants readily remembered these associations 10 min later. In sum, although 23‐month‐old infants do not need strong statistics to map word forms to referents immediately, or to remember those mappings across a delay, infants are nevertheless sensitive to these statistics in the speech stream, and they influence mapping after a delay. These findings suggest that, by 23 months of age, sensitivity to statistics in speech may impact infants’ language development by leading word forms with low coherence to be poorly mapped following even a short period of consolidation.
Pleural fluid characteristics of patients with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Denu Ryan A. , Forth Victoria , Shafiq Majid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionPleural effusions are known to occur in many cases of COVID‐19. Data on typical characteristics of COVID‐19‐associated pleural effusions are limited. The goal of this project was to characterize the pleural fluid from patients with COVID‐19.MethodsWe retrospectively collected electronic medical record data from adults hospitalized at a large metropolitan hospital system with COVID‐19 infection who had a pleural effusion and a thoracentesis performed. We assessed pleural fluid characteristics and applied Light's criteria.ResultsWe identified 128 effusions from 106 unique patients; 45.4% of the effusions had fluid/serum protein ratio greater than 0.5, 33.9% had fluid/serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) greater than 0.6, and 56.2% had fluid LDH greater than 2/3 of the serum upper limit of normal. Altogether, 68.5% of effusions met at least one of these three characteristics and therefore were exudative by Light's criteria. The white blood cell (WBC) differential was predominantly lymphocytic (mean 42.8%) or neutrophilic (mean 28.7%); monocytes (mean 12.7%) and eosinophils (mean 2.5%) were less common.ConclusionWe demonstrate that 68.5% of pleural effusions in patients with COVID‐19 infection were exudative and hypothesize that COVID‐19‐associated pleural effusions are likely to be exudative with WBC differential more likely to be predominantly lymphocytic.
Clinical comparison of HMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Ng David Chun‐Ern , Liew Chuin‐Hen , Tan Kah Kee , Awang Elida Hanan binti , Nazri Farah Nuruliayana binti Ahmad , Maran Asuwani K. Tamil , Mohan Vishnu Arvindran a/l Chandra , Ramachandran Durairaaj , Chok Michelle , Teh Cheah Hooi , Mohamad Nor Airena , Baharuddin Suhaila bt , Khoo Erwin Jiayuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to the burden of acute respiratory infections in children, but data on hMPV from Southeast Asia are limited despite its potential for serious disease. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcomes between hMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study included children aged ≤12 years old hospitalised with hMPV or RSV, confirmed via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) methods, between 1 July to 30 October 2022 at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Malaysia. Demographic, clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcome data were analysed. Propensity score matching was used to balance cohorts based on key demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThis study included 192 patients, comprising 112 with hMPV and 80 with RSV. hMPV patients were older (median age 20.5 vs. 9.4 months, p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of comorbidities (24.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.003). Fever was more common in the hMPV group (97.3% vs. 73.8%, p < 0.001), but the other clinical manifestations were similar. Postmatching analysis showed higher corticosteroid use in the hMPV group (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the use of other resources, PICU admissions, duration of hospitalisation or mortality rates between both groups.ConclusionhMPV and RSV infections in children share similar clinical manifestations and outcomes, with hMPV affecting older children and showing higher corticosteroid usage. These findings emphasise the need for equal clinical vigilance for both hMPV and RSV in paediatric respiratory infections.
Effect of tirzepatide on body fat distribution pattern in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cariou Bertrand , Linge Jennifer , Neeland Ian J. , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof , Petersson Mikael , Fernández Landó Laura , Bray Ross , Rodríguez Ángel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo describe the overall fat distribution patterns independent of body mass index (BMI) in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the SURPASS‐3 MRI substudy by comparison with sex‐ and BMI‐matched virtual control groups (VCGs) derived from the UK Biobank imaging study at baseline and Week 52.MethodsFor each study participant at baseline and Week 52 (N = 296), a VCG of ≥150 participants with the same sex and similar BMI was identified from the UK Biobank imaging study (N = 40 172). Average visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) and liver fat (LF) levels and the observed standard deviations (SDs; standardized normal z‐scores: z‐VAT, z‐aSAT and z‐LF) were calculated based on the matched VCGs. Differences in z‐scores between baseline and Week 52 were calculated to describe potential shifts in fat distribution pattern independent of weight change.ResultsBaseline fat distribution patterns were similar across pooled tirzepatide (5, 10 and 15 mg) and insulin degludec (IDeg) arms. Compared with matched VCGs, SURPASS‐3 participants had higher baseline VAT (mean [SD] z‐VAT +0.42 [1.23]; p < 0.001) and LF (z‐LF +1.24 [0.92]; p < 0.001) but similar aSAT (z‐aSAT −0.13 [1.11]; p = 0.083). Tirzepatide‐treated participants had significant decreases in z‐VAT (−0.18 [0.58]; p < 0.001) and z‐LF (−0.54 [0.84]; p < 0.001) but increased z‐aSAT (+0.11 [0.50]; p = 0.012). Participants treated with IDeg had a significant change in z‐LF only (−0.46 [0.90]; p = 0.001), while no significant changes were observed for z‐VAT (+0.13 [0.52]; p = 0.096) and z‐aSAT (+0.09 [0.61]; p = 0.303).ConclusionIn this exploratory analysis, treatment with tirzepatide in people with T2D resulted in a significant reduction of z‐VAT and z‐LF, while z‐aSAT was increased from an initially negative value, suggesting a possible treatment‐related shift towards a more balanced fat distribution pattern with prominent VAT and LF loss.
Exploring the impact of punishments on employee effort and performance in the workplace: Insights from England's premier league
Authors: Gligor David , Gölgeci Ismail , Garg Vipul , Idug Yavuz , Ekezie Uchenna , Feiz Abadi Javad , Caliskan Ferhat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the prevalence of punishment as a method of enforcing organizational policies, management literature provides little guidance on the impact of punishment on individuals' work performance. A sample of 412 professional soccer players in England's Premier League was utilized to collect unobtrusive, longitudinal data to better understand how individuals react to punishments in their workplace. Our findings indicate that individuals deploy significantly more effort (run more kilometers) following a punishment. However, the findings also indicate that individuals do not perform better following the administration of punishment. In fact, their performance is significantly lower than before the punishment. Although individuals work harder, they actually perform weaker. Further, we found that, when punished more than their team members, individuals deploy significantly more effort than individuals who get punished less than their team members but perform significantly weaker than those individuals.
Maximising the use of point‐of‐care ultrasonography of the adult equine abdomen and thorax
Authors: Norman Tracy E. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPoint‐of‐care ultrasonography is a powerful tool for the practitioner in determining diagnosis and prognosis in unwell horses. Proper case selection and patient preparation are keys to successful ultrasonographic examinations of the equine thorax and abdomen. Practitioners can expand the use of their equipment to augment evaluations for multiple clinical complaints. The most common application for body cavity ultrasonography in the adult horse is acute abdominal pain.
Creep‐fatigue deformation characteristics and life prediction model of Inconel 718 superalloy under hybrid stress–strain‐controlled mode
Authors: Kang Zitong , Wang Xiaowei , Zhou Weitao , Zhang Tianyu , Zhou Dewen , Zhao Yuchen , Wen Jianfeng , Gong Jianming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the creep‐fatigue responses of the nickel‐based superalloy Inconel 718 have been investigated by conducting hybrid stress–strain‐controlled creep‐fatigue interaction (HCFI) loading experiments at 650°C with different dwell stresses and dwell periods. Deformation responses demonstrate that stress dwell leads to complex cyclic responses, such as an increase in softening rate and changes in inelastic strain rate. Then, a novel creep equivalent stress determination method is proposed based on stress relaxed characteristics. After modifying the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model with this method, accurate prediction results of the creep‐fatigue cyclic life under strain‐controlled creep‐fatigue loading and HCFI loading can be obtained. Finally, the damage evolutions of Inconel 718 under HCFI loading are analyzed by CDM model. The results of damage evolution indicate that the trend of damage accumulation under different test conditions is consistent with the trend of inelastic strain in the material.
‘Either something's wrong, or I'm a terrible parent’: A systematic review of parent experiences of illness‐related interpretations for unsettled babies
Authors: Dobson Amy , Hornsey Samantha , Ghio Daniela , Latter Susan , Santer Miriam , Muller Ingrid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore parents' experiences of unsettled babies and medical labels.DesignQualitative systematic review, thematic synthesis and development of a conceptual model.Review MethodsSystematic review and thematic synthesis of primary, qualitative research into parents' experiences of unsettled babies <12 months of age. ‘Unsettled’ was defined as perception of excessive crying with additional feature(s) such as vomiting, skin or stool problems. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to assess trustworthiness.Data SourcesStructured searches completed in CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and CochraneCT on 23 March 2022 and rerun on 14 April 2023.ResultsTen eligible studies were included across eight countries contributing data from 103 mothers and 24 fathers. Two analytical themes and eight descriptive themes were developed.Firstly, parents expressed fearing judgement, feeling guilty and out of control as a result of babies' unsettled symptoms and seeking strategies to construct an ‘Identity as a “Good Parent”’.This desire for positive parenting identity underpinned the second analytical theme ‘Searching for an explanation’ which included seeking external (medical) causes for babies' unsettled behaviours.ConclusionParents can become trapped in a cycle of ‘searching for an explanation’ for their baby's unsettled behaviours, experiencing considerable distress which is exacerbated by feelings of guilt and failure.Impact and Implications for Patient CareInsight gained from this review could inform interventions to support parents, reducing inaccurate medicalization.Health visiting teams supporting parents with unsettled baby behaviour could focus on supporting a positive parenting identity by managing expectations, normalizing the continuum of infant behaviours, reducing feelings of guilt or uncertainty and helping parents regain a feeling of control.Reporting MethodENTREQ guidelines were adhered to in the reporting of this review.Patient or Public ContributionParent input was crucial in the design phase; shaping the language used (e.g., ‘unsettled babies’) and in the analysis sense‐checking findings.