bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical study of optimization techniques for massive slicing
Authors: Binkley David , Harman Mark , Krinke Jens 
Published: December 2007

This article presents results from a study of techniques that improve the performance of graph-based interprocedural slicing of the System Dependence Graph (SDG). This is useful in “massive slicing” where slices are required for many or all of the possible set of slicing criteria. Several different techniques are considered, including forming strongly connected components, topological sorting, and removing transitive edges.
Data collected from a test bed of just over 1,000,000 lines of code are presented. This data illustrates the impact on computation time of the techniques. Together, the best combination produces a 71% reduction in run-time (and a 64% reduction in memory usage). The complete set of techniques also illustrates the point at which faster computation is not viable due to prohibitive preprocessing costs.
Lexical-Semantic Activation in Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia: Evidence from Eye Movements
Authors: Yee Eiling , Blumstein Sheila E. , Sedivy Julie C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Lexical processing requires both activating stored representations and selecting among active candidates. The current work uses an eye-tracking paradigm to conduct a detailed temporal investigation of lexical processing. Patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia are studied to shed light on the roles of anterior and posterior brain regions in lexical processing as well as the effects of lexical competition on such processing. Experiment 1 investigates whether objects semantically related to an uttered word are preferentially fixated, for example, given the auditory target “hammer,” do participants fixate a picture of a nail? Results show that, like normal controls, both groups of patients are more likely to fixate on an object semantically related to the target than an unrelated object. Experiment 2 explores whether Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics show competition effects when words share onsets with the uttered word, for instance, given the auditory target “hammer,” do participants fixate a picture of a hammock? Experiment 3 investigates whether these patients activate words semantically related to onset competitors of the uttered word, for example, given the auditory target “hammock,” do participants fixate a nail due to partial activation of the onset competitor hammer? Results of Experiments 2 and 3 show pathological patterns of performance for both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics under conditions of lexical onset competition. However, the patterns of deficit differed, suggesting different functional and computational roles for anterior and posterior areas in lexical processing. Implications of the findings for the functional architecture of the lexical processing system and its potential neural substrates are considered.
Public Theology from the Periphery: Victims and Theologians
Authors: Aguilar Mario 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article explores contemporary understandings of public theology in relation to other types of non-European theologies that could be labelled public; for example, the theologies that come under the umbrella of Latin American theologies or liberation theologies. The first part of this article explores the possibilities of public theologies within the centre/periphery axis, while the second part argues for a relocation of public theologies towards the periphery; specifically, Latin America and Africa. In the aforementioned continents the public face of Christianity in numbers and influence is growing, while Christianity in Europe continues to decline. In its final part, the article examines the theology of 'the crucified' and 'the victims', within the Latin American context of the writings of Jon Sobrino, by pointing to theological continuities and discontinuities in Latin American theologies vis-à-vis European public theologies.
Claiming the Right to Educate: Insider/Outsider in Practical and Contextual Theology
Authors: Pears Angela 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article examines some of the issues, challenges and possibilities facing a non-Christian, non-faith based educator teaching Christian practitioners at postgraduate level in practical and contextual theology. From my experience as a person of no religious background, belief or practice, this article will explore and deconstruct the concept of the theologian in an educational perspective; it will scrutinize the place of religious faith in the academic setting as a pre-requisite to engaging in meaningful theological discourse and reflection with the Christian practitioner; and it will contribute towards developing an understanding of the role(s) of the theological educator in applied, and practical and contextual theology in the twenty-first century university.
Bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I trial
Authors: Hayslip John , Chaudhary Uzair , Green Mark , Meyer Mario , Dunder Steven , Sherman Carol , Salzer Shanta , Kraft Andrew , Montero Alberto J 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitors, such as bortezomib, can down-regulate NF-κB, a transcription factor implicated in tumor growth. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of bortezomib in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
Patients received escalating doses of bortezomib either on a weekly schedule (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 repeated every 42 days) or on a twice-weekly administration schedule (days 1, 4, 8, and 11 repeated every 21 days), in combination with escalating doses of celecoxib twice daily throughout the study period from 200 mg to 400 mg twice daily.

Results
No dose-limiting toxicity was observed during the study period. Two patients had stable disease lasting for four and five months each, and sixteen patients developed progressive disease.

Conclusion
The combination of bortezomib and celecoxib was well tolerated, without dose limiting toxicities observed throughout the dosing ranges tested, and will be studied further at the highest dose levels investigated.

Trial registration number
NCT00290680.
Improvement of psychometric properties of a scale measuring inpatient satisfaction with care: a better response rate and a reduction of the ceiling effect
Authors: Moret Leïla , Nguyen Jean-Michel , Pillet Nathalie , Falissard Bruno , Lombrail Pierre , Gasquet Isabelle 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Background
The objective was to solve two problems of an already validated scale measuring inpatient opinion on care: 1) a high non-response rate for some items due to the "not applicable" response option and 2) a skewed score distribution with high ceiling effect.

Methods
The EQS-H scale ("échelle de qualité des soins en hospitalisation") comprised 26 items and 2 sub-scales of 13 items each, 'quality of medical information' (MI) and 'relationships with staff and daily routine' (RS). Three studies were conducted: a first mono-centre study (n = 552, response rate = 83.4%, self-completion of the scale the day before discharge) to construct a shorter version of the scale without the items with high non-response rate and maintaining those useful to ensure good internal validity (construct, convergent and divergent) and reliability; a second mono-centre study (n = 1246, response rate = 77.9%, self-completion of the scale before discharge) to confirm psychometric properties of the new version; a third multi-centre national study (n = 886, response rate 41.7%, self-completion at home 15 days after discharge) to test a new response pattern in order to reduce ceiling effect.

Results
Six items having a non-response rate >20% were deleted, increasing rates of exhaustive response to all items from 15% to 48%. Factorial analysis supported the evidence for removing 4 more items to ensure good internal validity and reliability of the new version. These good results (initial variance explained: 43%; Cronbach's α: 0.80 (MI) and 0.81 (RS)) were confirmed by the second study. The new response format produced a normalisation of the 2 scores with a large decrease in ceiling effect (25% to 4% for MI subscale and 61% to 8% for RS). Psychometric properties of the final version were excellent: the 2 subscales (8 items each) explained 66% of the variance in principal component analysis, Cronbach's α were respectively 0.92 (MI) and 0.93 (RS).

Conclusion
The new version of the EQS-H has better psychometric properties than the previous one. Rates of missing values are lower, and score distribution is normalized. An English version of this scale focused on quality of medical information delivered and on relationship with staff already exists, and this could be useful to conduct cross-cultural studies of health care service quality.
Discordance between microvascular permeability and leukocyte dynamics in septic inducible nitric oxide synthase deficient mice
Authors: Hollenberg Steven M , Guglielmi Massimiliano , Parrillo Joseph E 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Microvascular dysfunction causing intravascular leakage of fluid and protein contributes to hypotension and shock in sepsis. We tested the hypothesis that abrogation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation would decrease leukocyte rolling, leukocyte adhesion, and microvascular leakage in sepsis. We compared wild-type mice made septic by cecal ligation and puncture with mice deficient in iNOS.

Methods
Leukocyte dynamics and microvascular permeability were assessed simultaneously by fluorescence intravital microscopy in the cremaster muscle 15 to 20 hours after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture in C57Bl/6 mice. Rolling and adhesion of leukocytes labeled with rhodamine and leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated albumin was measured in single nonbranching venules (25 to 40 μm) and compared among septic wild-type, septic iNOS-deficient transgenic, and sham-operated control mice.

Results
Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were increased in septic animals (61.6 ± 14.4 cells/minute and 4.1 ± 0.6 cells/100 μm per minute, respectively) as compared with control animals (8.5 ± 2.3 cells/minute and 1.1 ± 0.2 cells/100 μm per minute, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). Rolling increased in iNOS-deficient septic mice (to 105.5 ± 30.0 cells/minute, P = 0.048, versus wild-type septic); adhesion was unchanged (5.1 ± 0.5 cells/100 μm per minute, P = 0.30). Sepsis produced an increase in leakage ratio in wild-type septic mice compared with controls (0.36 ± 0.05 versus 0.08 ± 0.01, P < 0.001). Leakage was attenuated in iNOS-deficient septic mice (0.12 ± 0.02, P < 0.001, versus wild-type septic mice).

Conclusion
Leukocyte adhesion and vascular leakage were discordant in this setting. The finding that septic iNOS-deficient mice exhibited less microvascular leakage than wild-type septic mice despite equivalent increases in leukocyte adhesion suggests an important role for nitric oxide in modulating vascular permeability during sepsis.
The Open Council and Public Participation: The Leichhardt Experience
Authors: Hampton William , Pike Penelope 
Published: December 2007

In 1971 an inner-city suburb of Sydney experienced a change of control following local government elections. Leichhardt, with a population of about seventy-one thousand, became one of the first local authorities in the world to have an elected council committed to the practice of citizen participation. Council meetings were thrown open to the general public who could speak, though not vote; planning for the area involved residents and neighbourhood groups stimulated by open meetings of the planning committee and by public planning discussions in each locality. Now, nearly three years later, a plan for Leichhardt has been produced and it is possible to take stock of a remarkable exercise in public participation. Despite the differences in the circumstances of local government between Australia and Britain, the Leichhardt experience, both its strengths and its weaknesses, can contribute to the discussions now taking place on the role of public participation in local planning in Britain.
As the lowest of the three tiers of government in a federal system, local authorities have a different status in Australia from that enjoyed by their counterparts in Britain. In addition, the system of local government is different in each of the six states of the Australian Commonwealth, although there are basic similarities.
Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of a system of stochastic differential equations that models the returns of the index of some classes of hedge funds
Authors: Fatone L. , Mariani F. , Recchioni M. C. , Zirilli F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this paper we study an inverse problem for a parabolic partial differential equation. The parabolic partial differential equation considered is the Fokker Planck equation associated to a system of stochastic differential equations and the inverse problem studied consists in finding from suitable data the values of the parameters that appear in the coefficients of this Fokker Planck equation. The data used in the reconstruction of the parameters are observations made at discrete times of the stochastic process solution of the system of stochastic differential equations. That is, the data of the inverse problem are a “sample” taken at discrete times of some of the components of the random vector solution of the stochastic differential equations and not, as usual, observations made on the solution of the parabolic equation. The choice of the system of stochastic differential equations and of the data used in the inverse problem are motivated by applications in mathematical finance. The stochastic differential equations presented can be used to model the dynamics of the log-returns of the index of some classes of hedge funds, such as, for example, the so called “long short equity” hedge funds and of some auxiliary variables. The solution of the inverse problem proposed is obtained through the solution of a filtering and of an estimation problem. The solution of these last two problems is based on the knowledge of the joint probability density function of the state variables of the model conditioned to the observations made and to the initial condition. This joint probability density function is solution of an initial value problem for the Kushner equation that in the circumstances considered here can be written as a sequence of initial value problems for the Fokker Planck equation associated to the system of stochastic differential equations with appropriate initial conditions. An integral representation formula for this probability density function is derived and used to develop a numerical procedure to solve the estimation problem using the maximum likelihood method. The Kushner equation provides the relation between the data and the Fokker Planck equation used to solve the inverse problem considered. The computational method proposed has been tested on synthetic data and the results obtained are presented. Some auxiliary material useful to understand this paper including some animations and some numerical experiments can be found in the website http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/finance/w5. A more general reference to the work in mathematical finance of the authors and of their coauthors is the website http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/finance.
Regularization by projection: Approximation theoretic aspects and distance functions
Authors: Hofmann B. , Mathé P. , Pereverzev S. V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The authors study regularization of non-linear inverse problems by projection methods. Non-linearity is controlled by some range invariance assumption. Emphasis is on approximation theoretic properties of the discretization which determine the convergence rates. Instead of using source conditions for the true solution to represent the error, the authors show how distance functions with respect to some benchmark smoothness are able to replace this. Some examples indicate how the results can be applied.
A Failure of Imagination: The Decline of Community in a Greek Village
Authors: O'Rourke Diane 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe moral and social unity of a community is not a natural association to place, but depends on the ways people frame their loyalties to place and other people, and what they imagine unites them. Benedict Anderson called the nation an imagined community. We might also call the community an imagined community. In this paper I use the case of the decline in sense of community among the inhabitants of Lehonia, Greece to illustrate how even face‐to‐face community must be imagined by its members and the way in which class divisions were able to contribute to shared local identity. Prosperity based on highly productive land and access to markets supported not only a local class system which bound together Lehonia's owners and workers, but also their sense of community. I argue that prosperity and progressiveness were integral to shared identity among those inhabitants who were members of the community. Declining returns from agriculture precipitated a decline in the salience of community in the lives of residents, and a failure of their ability to imagine themselves as a community.
Methods for Detection and Characterization of Reservoir Rock, Deep Basin Gas Area, Western Canada
Authors: Sneider Robert M. , King Howard R. , Hawkes H. Earl , Davis Thomas B. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Major gas reserves have been discovered in the past 5 years in Cretaceous sandstones and conglomerates at depths of 3,000 to 10,000 ft (915 to 3045 m) within Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Discovery of these new reserves resulted from a joint geological/ petrophysical/reservoir engineering effort that utilized rock/fluid data from cuttings, cores, well logs, and drillstem and production tests. A key element in the exploration search was the rapid detection and characterization of reservoir-rock properties from well cuttings, especially of the low-permeability rocks (1 md to a few microdarcies). The methods used to establish and to characterize the reservoir potential of thick, multiple sandstone and conglomerate intervals are illustrated.
Rock studies of greater than 10,000 ft (3045 m) of conventional cores integrated with petrophysical studies of well logs and core analyses, which in turn were compared with drillstem tests (DTS's) and production tests in more than 200 wells, provide the basis for establishing reservoir rock potential. Porous rocks are subdivided into three categories.
Type I rocks are capable of gas production without natural and/or artificial fracturing.
Type II rocks are capable of gas production when interbedded with Type I rocks or with natural and/or artificial fracturing.
Type III rocks are too tight to produce at commercial rates even with natural or artificial fracturing.
Type I rocks are subdivided into four classes, with four air-permeability ranges: "A" (greater than 100 md), "B" (10 to 100 md), "C" (1 to 10 md), and "D" (+/- 0.5 to 1 md).
Criteria to identify a rock's reservoir potential from well cuttings or conventional and sidewall cores are based on examination of dry, freshly broken fragments with a binocular microscope at 20x magnification. A rock's reservoir potential is established on the basis of estimates ofsize, volume, and distribution of visible pores,particle size and distribution, andtype and amount of cements and pore-filling material and degree of consolidation (the way fragments break).
Geologists and engineers can make rapid, accurate estimates of reservoir-rock potential of unknown porous intervals with the help of a number of visual aids. These aids includeplastic trays of cuttings-size rock chips crushed from conventional cores of known rock/pore types, porosities, and permeabilities;color photographs of freshly broken surfaces of these rock/pore types taken at 20x magnification; andthin-section microphotographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs (at 100 to 5,000x magnification) of the rock chips and their pore casts.
Methods and procedures described in this paper continue to be used in western Canada as well as the U.S. for delineation of exploration opportunities, identification of bypassed pays in old wells, interpretation of well logs, and evaluation of intervals for completion.
JPT
P. 1725^
Absolute Permeability as a Function of Confining Pressure, Pore Pressure, and Temperature
Authors: Gobran B. D. , Brigham W. E. , Ramey H. J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This is an investigation of the absolute permeability of unconsolidated sand and consolidated sandstone cores to distilled water as a function of the temperature of the system, confining pressure on the core, and the pore pressure of the flowing fluid. The effects of flow rate and throughput are also discussed. In contrast to some previous investigations, no effect of temperature on permeability was found beyond experimental errors and effects caused by volumetric throughput. The probable causes of differing results in previous studies are also presented.
A Technique for Making High-Rate Completions in Partially Pressure-Depleted Unconsolidated Reservoirs
Authors: Trahan Glenn John , Spies Richard James 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Amoco Production Co. has developed and successfully applied offshore a completion technique that has allowed high-rate completions with effective sand control in partially pressure-depleted gas reservoirs. Clean, open perforations along with a proper gravel pack design are key factors in obtaining a high-rate completion with successful sand control in unconsolidated formations. In the past, a serious problem preventing high-rate gravel pack completions in partially pressure-depleted reservoirs has been lost circulation encountered during conventional perforation cleaning-i.e.. perforation washing -before gravel packing. The technique presented in this paper is simultaneous underbalanced perforating at high perforation-shot density with a tubing-conveyed perforating gun to achieve the combination of the desired gravel pack design and clean perforations. Field data are presented to support the conclusion that no other perforation cleaning is necessary. Lost circulation during triping in and out of the hole after perforating and before and after gravel packing is controlled with a multipolymer gel pill. The field operations necessary to implement the entire technique safely are discussed in detail on the basis of offshore experience in completing wells by this method.

Introduction
With rising gas prices and improvements in well completion technology, economics are becoming more favorable for investments in reservoirs that either are currently producing or have produced in the past. If natural gas prices ar-e deregulated, the incentive for additional development in these old reservoirs will be enhanced greatly. Many of the gas reservoirs proved in the U.S. gulf coast area are contained in unconsolidated sandstones. This fact alone complicates our ability to produce this gas. When this complication is coupled with a reservoir that has been partially pressure-depleted, a completion engineer faces an especially difficult task. This paper discusses the situation in detail and presents our company's experience with high-rate gas completions and successful sand control in a partially pressure- depleted reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico.

Background
Much information and discussion appears in the literature concerning what influences a good sand control job and what influences the deliverability of a sand- controlled completion.
JPT
P. 56^