bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Spectra of an Intensely-Driven Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Hassan Shoukry S , Hassan Mohamed M , Frege Osman Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the transient and stationary physical spectra of scattered&#xD;radiation from a single quantized harmonic oscillator (HO) of frequency ωo, which&#xD;is resonantly driven by an intense driving field of real (amplitude) strength Ω ∼ ωo&#xD;and damped in a Markovian broadband radiation reservoir. The influence of such&#xD;an intense field combined with manipulative spectral reservoir parameters results in&#xD;field strength enhancement and a phase shift gain: &#xD; Ω→Ω√(1+γ'
2 (ωο)) eiγ' (ωο)), where γ'(ωο)=(dγ(ω)/dω)(ω=ωο) &#xD;is the spectral rate of variation of the damping constant&#xD;at resonance. This in turn leads to induced coherence in the average amplitude of&#xD;the HO. Two cases of spectral distribution of the radiation reservoir are considered:&#xD;the Ohmic power law and the Lorentz-Drude law. The spectral components of the&#xD;scattered radiation in the transient and stationary regimes are identified analytically&#xD;and computationally, and comparison is made with the non-intense driving field case&#xD; (Ω≪ωο). &#xD;The stationary spectrum is a symmetric Lorentzian of weight dependent on&#xD;the reservoir spectral parameters and of enhanced value compared with the non-intense&#xD;field case. The transient spectrum is composed of different lineshapes (Lorentzian,&#xD;narrowed-Lorentzian, and dispersive) of oscillatory decaying weights. Interference of&#xD;these transient-spectral components is initiated and caused by both types of non-zero&#xD;coherence, namely the initial coherence of the HO and the induced coherence in the&#xD;intense field case, and induces asymmetric side oscillations of amplitude dependent&#xD;on the reservoir spectral parameters. The present results for the fluorescent spectra&#xD;of intensely-driven HO and its dependence on the environmental radiation reservoir&#xD;spectral structure are adequately fitted for intensely driven collective Rydberg atomic&#xD;systems, as a ‘single site’ atomic sample, O(μm), and behaving as a single &#xD;quantized HO.&#xD;&#xD;
Spreading of Liquid Films on a Vertical Rotational Cylinder with Different Contact Angles
Authors: Zhang Fan , Han Qixun , Sun Xianhu , Wang Gang , Yu Chengjiao , Ma Chicheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper studied the flow dynamics of a thin liquid film falling down a vertical rotating cylinder. The influence of different contact angles, surface curvatures, and angular velocities on the flow and contact line characteristics of thin films was analyzed. To verify the results, numerical simulations based on a two-phase flow model were carried out and a comparison with results by lubrication theory was presented. The results indicated significant numerical differences between the two models: the two-phase flow model reduced the diffusion distance by 15.5 mm and the capillary ridge height by 34.43% compared to the lubrication model. This disparity primarily originates from the lubrication theory's neglect of the influence of the contact angle when applying boundary conditions in the precursor layer. It is worth noting that the flow profiles obtained by the two models agreed well with each other and the flow mechanism was well-explained. Numerical simulations indicate that wettability plays a crucial role in the diffusion process. A smaller contact angle (60°) significantly enhances capillary force, increasing the diffusion distance by 143.38 mm compared to a larger contact angle (120°). Furthermore, the smaller cylindrical radius (20 mm) increased capillary force, resulting in a 7.18% increase in the diffusion distance of the liquid film compared to the cylindrical radius (60 mm). Meanwhile, the rotation velocity significantly affects the liquid membrane flow. The capillary ridge height increased by 10.96% at a rotation speed of 120 rpm compared to the stationary state. The curvature and rotational velocity of the substrate significantly influence the axial fluctuations of the free surface. Besides, we investigated the influence of time-varying speeds and found that periodic variations induce regular oscillations in the liquid film. These oscillations lead to a peak-to-valley height variation of 0.132 mm, suggesting potential applications in the creation of nanostructures and coating patterns.
An Ultra-wideband Tightly Coupled Vivaldi Array with Current Loops for Transient Pulse Radiation
Authors: Xie Jialing , Chen Changhua , He Juntao , Qiao Hanqing , Fang Xu , Yi Chaolong , Qu Tuopu , An Jingxuan , Liu Anan , Yang Wenjin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi array with current loop is proposed, which exhibits compactness and supports a wide operational bandwidth. The Vivaldi antenna, characterized by its inherent directivity, has been utilized in place of the conventional dipole antenna in tightly coupled arraying. This approach effectively mitigates the short-circuit resonances caused by the metallic reflective ground plane, thereby broadening the radiation bandwidth. To further enhance performance, a short-circuited branch is incorporated between the radiation arm of the Vivaldi antenna and the ground plane to guide the net current, aiming to suppress common-mode resonances and expand the impedance bandwidth. Concurrently, the radiation arm, short-circuited branch and ground plane form a current loop. When combined with the Vivaldi radiation structure, this configuration creates an electromagnetic combined antenna for complementary radiation, further reducing the low cutoff frequency. The element size of the array is 5 cm×5 cm×16.5 cm (0.083λL×0.083λL×0.275λL), with a low cutoff frequency of 0.5 GHz and a high cutoff frequency of over 10 GHz. A 4×4 UWB pulse array has been fabricated and its time-domain performance has been analyzed. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated outcomes.
A Ship Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Novel Spatiotemporal Chaotic System
Authors: Si Ruiying , Hu Qing , Yan Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to prevent the remote-controlled lookout images of intelligent ships from being maliciously stolen or tampered with, and to ensure navigation and operation safety, this paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on ship-shore information transmission. The proposed scheme introduces the Sine Embedded Dynamic Random Coupled Map Lattice (SEDRCML), which replaces the static coupling coefficients e with a one-dimensional sine chaotic mapping. This modification enhances the system by exhibiting strong spatio-temporal dynamics and desirable chaotic properties. Additionally, it addresses the issue of unequal energy distribution among lattice points in the static coupling lattice. Based on the SEDRCML system, a novel bit-level encryption algorithm is developed to secure the remote lookout images of intelligent ships. This algorithm is primarily designed as a 3D dynamic multi-directional block zigzag-synchronous scrambling and diffusion algorithm, which simultaneously obfuscates pixel positions and modifies their values, thereby improving encryption efficiency. Simulation results of the proposed encryption and decryption algorithms indicate that the scheme provides a higher level of security for ship-shore image information transmission in remote control scenarios.
A theoretical and experimental study on optimal immersion method for microsphere-assisted microscopic imaging
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Yang Yujing , Zhang De-Long 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With assistance of a microsphere immersed into a liquid medium, imaging resolution of microscope can exceed the Abbe diffraction limit, making the technique promising for super-resolution microscopic imaging. To achieve optimum assistance to the microscopic imaging, we have studied the microsphere immersion method in both theory and experiment. The impact of liquid immersion depth on the super-resolution imaging quality has been theoretically studied at first in both viewpoints of photonic nanojet and angular spectrum theory of backward propagation of waves. The results show that intensity, full width at half maximum and focal length of the focusing beam/spot are optimal at the semi-immersion state, resulting in considerable promotion of imaging contrast, resolution and magnification. To verify the theoretical results, experiments have been done in case that 10-μm-diameter SiO2 microspheres were semi-immersed into ethanol liquid. The results show that the semi-immersed SiO2 microspheres can assist, in the largest extent, the imaging with a contrast improved by 73.3% and a magnification increased by a fold of 1.9. In comparison with previous preliminary experimental study on super-resolution imaging of immersed microspheres, present paper performs a study in both theory and experiment, and proves that the semi-immersion state is optimum.
EEG-based recognition of hand movement and its parameter
Authors: Yan Yuxuan , Li Jianguang , Yin Mingyue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a cutting-edge technology that enables interaction with external devices by decoding human intentions, and is highly valuable in the fields of medical rehabilitation and human-robot collaboration. The technique of decoding motor intent for motor execution (ME) based on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals is in the feasibility study stage. There are still insufficient studies on the accuracy of motor execution EEG signal recognition in between-subjects classification to reach the level of realistic applications. This paper aims to investigate EEG signal-driven hand movement recognition by analyzing low-frequency time-domain (LFTD) information. Experiments with four types of hand movements, two force parameter (extraction and pushing) tasks, and a four-target directional displacement task were designed and executed, and the EEG data from thirteen healthy volunteers was collected. Sliding window approach is used to expand the dataset in order to address the issue of EEG signal overfitting. Furtherly, CNN-BiLSTM model, an end-to-end serial combination of a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (BiLSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is constructed to classify the raw EEG data to recognize the hand movement. According to experimental data, the model is able to categorize four types of hand movements, extraction movements, pushing movements, and four target direction displacement movements with an accuracy of 99.14%±0.49%, 99.29%±0.11%, 99.23%±0.60%, and 98.11%± 0.23%, respectively. Furthermore, comparative tests conducted with alternative deep learning models (LSTM, CNN, EEGNet, CNN-LSTM) demonstrates that the CNN-BiLSTM model is with practicable accuracy in terms of EEG-based hand movement recognition and its parameter decoding.
Effects of zinc silicate additive on the physicochemical properties and cellular behaviors of 3D-printed magnesium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds
Authors: Fu Qiuyu , Xiong Jiaying , Zhang Chengcheng , Li Zikai , Gan Junxian , Huang Wenhao , Fu Wenhao , He Fupo , He Kunyan , Shi Haishan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Magnesium phosphate (MP) is a promising bone regeneration material, but it lacks the capacity to efficiently stimulate osteogenesis. In this work, zinc silicate (ZS) was used as an additive to modify MP bioceramics, and the MP-ZS composite bioceramic scaffolds with three-dimensional macroporous structure were fabricated by fiber deposition-based 3D printing and subsequent high-temperature sintering. New silicate phase was produced during sintering the MP-ZS bioceramic scaffolds. Incorporation of ZS allowed the MP-ZS scaffolds to have lower porosity and consequently higher compression strength. The MP-ZS scaffolds modified with 5 wt% ZS exhibited the highest compression strength. The MP-ZS scaffolds gradually degraded in the aqueous environment, accompanied by strength loss and pH variation. The MP-ZS scaffolds sustainably released Zn and Si ions, which could enhance cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Overall, the MP-ZS bioceramic composite scaffolds could be considered as a new biomaterial for application in bone regeneration.
A Hermitian bypass to the non-Hermitian quantum theory
Authors: Bhasin Priyanshi , Das Tanmoy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Describing systems with non-Hermitian (NH) operators remains a challenge in quantum theory due to singularities (e.g., exceptional points and decoherence) arising from interactions with the environment. We introduce a well-defined computational basis for representing the NH Hamiltonian eigenstates, wherein singularities are shifted from the basis states to the expansion coefficients, simplifying the mathematical treatment of open quantum systems. Furthermore, we introduce a local `space-time' transformation on the computational basis that defines a generic dual space mapping. Interestingly, this transformation reveals a static/global symmetry for real/imaginary energy values, unveiling inherent conserved quantities in open quantum systems. Our formalism provides new insights into key features such as exceptional points, dual space maps, and the origin of symmetry-enforced real eigenvalues. The applicability of our framework extends to various branches of physics where NH operators manifest as ladder operators, order parameters, self-energies, projectors, and other entities.
Improving performance of crystalline silicon ultrathin solar cells using multi snowflake fractal nano-structures
Authors: Shameli Mohammad Ali , Yousefi Leila 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for an ultrathin-film solar cell, integrating silicon multi-snowflake fractals into the electron-transport layer. In the proposed structure, each dielectric snowflake fractal is designed to trap sunlight within specific wavelength bands using multiple orders of Mie resonances and branch coupling, collectively covering the solar cell's operation bandwidth. This structure is numerically investigated using full-wave simulation with the FDFD method and by solving the drift and diffusion equations. The calculations demonstrate enhanced absorption across the whole wavelength range of 300 nm to 1100 nm, leading to an increased photo-generated current for both Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarizations of the incident light and at various angles of incidence. Simulation results illustrate a short-circuit current of 15.37 mA/cm² for the proposed structure, which is enhanced by a factor of 5.12 compared to a simple solar cell without fractal nanostructures inside.
Observation of robust polarization conversion via topological edge states in dimer chains
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Hui , Jiang Jie , Jiang Haitao , Sun Yong , Yang Yaping , Chen Hong , Guo Zhiwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The polarization of electromagnetic waves is a fundamental property that influences their propagation direction and state, represents a critical physical parameter in modern applications such as signal transmission, target recognition, and precision measurement. Conventional polarization control devices based on metamaterials are often sensitive to structural perturbations, presenting challenges for practical applications. In contrast, topologically protected photonic devices have demonstrated that photon topological edge states can effectively overcome scattering losses caused by disorder and structural perturbations. The prospect of utilizing the robustness of topological edge states to design reliable electromagnetic wave polarization devices has thus become an increasingly significant research focus. We design and construct a curved photonic dimer chain composed of subwavelength resonators and experimentally verify that its topological edge states are immune to internal disorder perturbations, enabling efficient long-range electromagnetic wave polarization conversion. Based on this study, future investigations could explore more complex topological architectures, such as quasiperiodic or trimer chains, to achieve enhanced multifunctional polarization control. Furthermore, we could consider integrating exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems to design chiral polarization devices.&#xD;
Instabilities in the Blistering of Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Pandey Mukesh , Wang Guorui , Singh Gagandeep , Ahuja Rajeev , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The blistering of two-dimensional (2D) materials is susceptible to elastic solid- or substrate-based mechanical instabilities. The phase transition of confined matter inside a circular blister or the interfacial slippage at the perimeter of the blister may give rise to wrinkling and tenting instabilities in 2D material blisters. Extensive research has focused on gaining adhesion mechanical insights of such instabilities in 2D material blisters over smooth, rigid substrates like silicon. These insights carry profound implications for quantum emission, magneto-straintronics, plasmonics, and piezotronics. In contrast, blistering a 2D material over a viscoelastic substrate has not received much attention. This gap has led to the underexploration of unconventional but fascinating phenomenon of viscous fingering in 2D materials, recently realized experimentally. Therefore, there is a significant demand for comprehending the formation and dynamics of instabilities in 2D material blisters, necessitating a critical review to advance this field. This understanding is key to either promoting or mitigating such instabilities, which has huge importance for both fundamental research and emerging quantum technologies.
Analysis of the coupling coordination spatial network and driving factors of urban pollution and carbon emissions in China
Authors: Luo Qingfeng , Wang Jingyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the issues of urban pollution emissions and carbon emissions have become increasingly prominent. The coupling coordination relationship between pollution emissions and carbon emissions has also become a key issue affecting sustainable urban development. This paper, based on a systems coupling perspective and social network analysis methods, examines the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of the coupling coordination between pollution emissions and carbon emissions in China. The findings that: (1) There are significant regional differences in the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of pollution and carbon emissions across various regions in China, exhibiting a gradient decreasing trend. The overall national improvement in coupling coordination is limited, indicating a need to strengthen synergistic governance of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction. (2) The CCD between cities has undergone phased development from "barely coordinated—primary coordination—intermediate coordination", with most cities still at the primary coordination stage. The central and western regions have yet to reach a more advanced coordination state. (3) Analysis of the driving mechanisms indicates that various complex factors, such as economic development, industrial structure, environmental regulation, and green technological innovation, significantly influence coupling coordination.
Time-varying synergy/redundancy dominance in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Pope Maria , Varley Thomas F , Puxeddu Maria Grazia , Faskowitz Joshua , Sporns Olaf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent work has emphasized the ubiquity of higher-order interactions in brain function. These interactions can be characterized as being either redundancy or synergy-dominated by applying tools from multivariate information theory. Though recent work has shown the importance of both synergistic and redundant interactions to brain function, their dynamic structure is still unknown. Here we analyze the moment-to-moment synergy and redundancy dominance of the fMRI BOLD signal during rest for 95 unrelated subjects to show that redundant and synergistic interactions have highly structured dynamics across many interaction sizes. The whole brain is strongly redundancy-dominated, with some subjects never experiencing a whole-brain synergistic moment. In small sets of brain regions, our analyses reveal that subsets which are redundancy dominated on average exhibit the most complex dynamic behavior as well as the most synergistic and most redundant time points. In accord with previous work, these regions frequently belong to a single coherent functional system, and our analysis reveals that they become synergistic when that functional system becomes momentarily disintegrated. Although larger subsets cannot be contained in a single functional network, similar patterns of instantaneous disintegration mark when they become synergistic. At all sizes of interaction, we find notable temporal structure of both synergy and redundancy-dominated interactions. We show that the interacting nodes change smoothly in time and have significant recurrence. Both of these properties make time-localized measures of synergy and redundancy highly relevant to future studies of behavior or cognition as time-resolved phenomena.
The Truthmaker Conception of Metaphysics
Authors: Thomasson Amie L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that the truthmaker conception of metaphysics relies on a problematic functional monist assumption. Attempts to determine the “fundamental ontology” of the world by finding the “fundamental truthmakers” face troubles, given the ontological flexibility of language. For given the range of grammatical alternatives, there is no typically unique statement of what entities must be in the world to make a given sentence true. More often, the truthmaker approach is employed as a constraint used to “catch cheaters” by insisting that a theorist give some account of what the truthmakers are for the truths one accepts. But this demand simply assumes that all forms of language function to track some “portion of reality” in virtue of which they are true or false. As a result, it rules out without argument a whole range of interesting and plausible non-descriptive approaches to mathematical, moral, modal, and other areas of discourse.
IBC Oxford University Oral Abstract 8 - Feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with Crohn’s disease: single centre experience from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alenazi N , Ahmed K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Combined obesity and Crohn's disease (CD) are becoming an increasing issue worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. In this series, we evaluate the feasibility and the outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in obese patients with CD.

Methods
This series is a retrospective analysis of our database with patients undergoing LSG from 2015 to 2020. Obese patients with CD were included.

Results
Sixty-one obese patients with CD underwent LSG with a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 42.6 ± 4.3. The mean excess weight loss (% EWL) at 3, 6, 9 months, and 1 year was 41 ± 1.8, 51 ± 2.3, 67 ± 1.2, and 71 ± 3.1, respectively. There were no identified intra-operative complications. The mean intra-operative time was 40 ± 20. Only one patient developed a postoperative leak and was treated conservatively. No late postoperative complications were reported. During the follow-up period, 6 (9.8%) patients were noted to have CD-related medications discontinued (azathioprine and sulfasalazine), and 8 (13.1%) patients showed a reduction in the dosage of their medications.

Conclusion
LSG appears to be a safe and effective option for carefully selected patients with CD.