bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorine in the Bleaching of Pulp and Paper
Authors: Solomon K. R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The pulp and paper industry in Canada contributes significant effluent discharges to surface and marine waters. Chlorine and chlorine compounds are used in the bleaching of pulp. A large number of organochlorine chemicals of widely differing properties are, or have been, produced from this bleaching. These range from the highly hydrophobic, persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances, such as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, to the higher molecular weight, non-hydrophobic material usually characterized by absorbable organic halogen. Chlorine dioxide and chlorine react with lignin by different chemical processes and produce different organochlorine products. Use of molecular chlorine as a bleaching agent results in the formation and release of chlorinated organic compounds, sometimes at concentrations that present an unacceptable risk to the receiving environment and the food chain. Alternatives to the use of molecular chlorine, such as chlorine dioxide, result in reductions in the quantities of organochlorines produced, and the degree of chlorine substitution in the organochlorines formed. This, in turn, leads to reduced persistence, reduced potential for bioaccumulation and food chain transfer, reduced toxicity and reductions in adverse ecological effects. However, sufficient evidence exists from responses observed at non-bleached mills to show that other (probably non-halogenated) compounds are released or formed during the production of pulp and cause responses such as induction of MFOs, changes in hormone levels, and reproductive effects.
Chlorine in Water Disinfection
Authors: Galal-Gorchev Hend 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Disinfection of drinking-water is one of the main achievements of our time in the protection of public health. The use of chlorine for the destruction of microbiological pathogens is essential to protect the public from outbreaks of waterborne disease. Chlorine, as well as other disinfectants, produces a variety of chemical by-products. The risk from the presence of microbial pathogens in drinking-water is estimated to be several orders of magnitude greater than the risk from chlorination by-products. Any efforts to control these by-products must not compromise the microbiological quality of drinking-water.
Environmental and Health Issues
Authors: Miyamoto J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The environmental behavior of a chemical is governed by its intrinsic physicochemical properties, including their metabolic activities, as well as by characteristic features of the environmental compartments. This inextricable network of interactions contribute to degradation and mineralization of organic compounds. Under the circumstances that the chemical is lipophilic and/or resistant against chemical and biological degradation, it tends to be transported to other environmental compartments and/or subject to bioaccumulation. The adverse effects of chemicals on humans and organisms in the environment are assessed by a variety of toxicological studies to establish ADI (acceptable daily intake in man) or PNEC (predicted no observed effect level in organisms), in comparison with the calculated exposure levels based on the environmental behavior of chemicals.
The Role of Chlorine in Stratospheric Chemistry
Authors: Molina M. J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are industrialchemicals used as solvents, refrigerants, plastic foam blowing agents,etc. These compounds are eventually released to the environment; theyslowly drift into the stratosphere, where they decompose, initiatinga catalytic process involving chlorine free radicals and leading toozone destruction. The stratospheric ozone layer is important for theearth's energy budget, and it shields the surface of the earth fromultraviolet radiation from the sun. Very significant depletion of theozone layer has been observed in the spring months over Antarctica duringthe last 10-15 years. Laboratory experiments, model calculations andfield measurements, which include several aircraft expeditions, haveyielded a wealth of information which clearly points to the CFCs asthe main cause of this depletion.
The Atmospheric Fate and Impact of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and Chlorinated Solvents
Authors: Sidebottom Howard , Franklin James 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A very considerable body of data pertaining to the atmospheric behaviour of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and chlorinated solvents is now available and leads to the following conclusions: (a) these compounds, with the exception of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, make a small or insignificant contribution to stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, "photo-chemical smog", "acid rain", or chloride and fluoride levels in precipitation; (b) it seems highly unlikely that the chlorinated solvents degrade in the atmosphere to give chloroacetic acids as major products, as has often been claimed in the literature.
Sources and Environmental Concentrations of Dioxins and Related Compounds
Authors: Rappe Christoffer 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans are two series of tricyclic aromatic compounds, which have been the focus of the interest in the last decades; in all there exist more than 200 congeners. They are formed in numerous ways, primarily in incineration processes and in industrial processes. It has also been found that they are formed by natural processes. They are ubiquitous and have been quantified in abiotic samples such as soil, sediments and air as well as in living organisms, primarily aquatic organisms. A dramatic decrease in most environmental concentrations including biological and human samples of PCDDs and PCDFs has been identified. There is a discrepancy between sources and environmental reservoirs which cannot be fully explained.
PVC Recycling Management
Authors: Menges G. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
PVC is the second most important polymer worldwide. Thanks to its excellent cost/performance ratio and outstanding chemical and environmental resistance, it is today mainly used for long-life applications. In some countries, for example, France, PVC is used in large volume for the manufacture of bottles. Pure PVC scrap can be recycled without any problems. Although many applications for such products of recycled PVC have been developed, and pilot plants for recycling exist, only small volumes have been recycled up to now. Only bottles made from PVC for the large drinking water market in France are already collected separately, recycled in large quantities, and transformed into such articles as water pipes. Specialist organisations deal with this business. In such cases, for example, kitchen waste, where PVC is part of mixed plastics waste for example, sorting and separation of the PVC is necessary.
Displacement kinetics of 1,5-cyclooctadiene from M(CO)4(η2:2-1,5-cyclooctadiene) (M = Cr, Mo, W) by bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane
Authors: Kayran Ceyhan , Okan E. , Özkar S. , Özturk Ö. , Saldamli S. , Tekkaya A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
About monoradicals, triplet diradicals and higher spin states: Understanding electronic substituent effects through EPR and time-resolved UV spectroscopy
Authors: Adam W. , van Barneveld C. , Emmert Oliver , Harrer H. M. , Kita F. , Kumar A. S. , Maas Wiebke , Nau W. M. , Reddy S. H. K. , Wirz J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Notations and conventions in molecular spectroscopy: Part 2. Symmetry notation (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)
Authors: Schutte C. J. H. , Bertie J. E. , Bunker P. R. , Hougen J. T. , Mills I. M. , Watson J. K. G. , Winnewisser B. P. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Carotenoid blues: structural studies on carotenoproteins
Authors: Britton George , Weesie R. J. , Askin David , Warburton J. D. , Gallardo-Guerrero Lourdes , Jansen F. J. , de Groot H. J. M. , Lugtenburg J. , Cornard J.-P. , Merlin J.-C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Model systems for observing photoredox reactions of carotenoids
Authors: Moore A. L. , Moore T. A. , Gust Devens , Silber J. J. , Sereno L. , Fungo F. , Otero L. , Steinberg-Yfrach G. , Liddell P. A. , Hung S.-C. , Imahori H. , Cardoso S. , Tatman D. , Macpherson A. N. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Design of inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Brooks C. D. W. , Stewart A. O. , Kolasa Teodozyj , Basha A. , Bhatia Pramila , Ratajczyk J. D. , Craig R. A. , Gunn David , Harris R. R. , Bouska J. B. , Malo P. E. , Bell R. L. , Carter G. W. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Solving challenging bioorganic problems by exciton coupled CD
Authors: Berova Nina , Borhan Babak , Dong J. G. , Guo J. , Huang X. , Karnaukhova Elena , Kawamura A. , Lou Jihong , Matile Stefan , Nakanishi K. , Rickman B. , Su J. , Tan Q. , Zanze Irini 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The chemistry-medicine continuum: Synthetic, computer, spectroscopic and biological studies on new chemotherapeutic leads
Authors: Wender Paul A. , Martin-Cantalejo Yolanda , Carpenter Andrew J. , Chiu Anna , De Brabander Jef , Harran Patrick G. , Jimenez Juan-Miguel , Koehler Michael F. T. , Lippa Blaise , Morrison James A. , Müller Stephan G. , Müller Stephan N. , Park Cheol-Min , Shiozaki Makoto , Siedenbiedel Carsten , Skalitzky Donald J. , Tanaka Masahiro , Irie Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Snap, Crackle, Pop: Remediation of a Noisy Curtain Wall
Authors: Schmidt Mark K. , Hannen W. Robert 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
This case study presents an investigation of disturbing noises emanating from the curtain wall system of a multi-story office building located in the southeastern United States. Shortly after the initial construction of the building, building occupants complained of loud popping noises emanating from the exterior building facade. These noises were of a frequency and magnitude to negatively influence the work environment in adjacent office space. The cause of the noises was investigated by several groups with conflicting results. At the request of the building’s general contractor, an investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of the disturbing noises and to develop remedial recommendations. This investigation included a detailed review of the curtain wall shop drawings and on-site observations to identify questionable details possibly responsible for the noises. The most probable cause of the noises was identified as diurnal solar gain that produced unaccommodated movements in the curtain wall system. The orientation and curvature of the wall combined to allow a thermal expansion that progressed along the wall. The details of the curtain wall construction restrained the movement, leading to sudden release of confining stress. To confirm this hypothesis, affected areas of the curtain wall were instrumented with accelerometers and deflection gages strategically located to pinpoint the origin of the noises. To further confirm the point-of-origin identified by the accelerometers, a series of exploratory openings were made to review curtain wall details. After the source of the noise was positively identified, remedial recommendations to mitigate the disturbance were implemented by the building owner.
Retrofitting a Green Roof on an Existing Facility: A Case History
Authors: Lindow Edward S. , Michener Mark L. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Paraphrasing an old adage, anything worth doing, will be hard to accomplish. And so it is with retrofitting an existing building with a “green roof.” This paper presents a case history of funding, designing, and installing a vegetated green roof on the existing Public Service Building in Battle Creek, Michigan. Funding for the project included a grant from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality as well as capital investment made by the City. The State grant was tied to an Environmental Science and Services Division Grant, for a Storm Water Runoff Control Project. The paper discusses latent conditions encountered in the existing facility and other challenges overcome in the construction process. The end result of the project is a sustainable roofing system that was certainly worth doing right. In fact, the project is a 2006 recipient of the American Public Works Association national award for projects under two million dollars.
Critical Evaluation of Existing Specifications for Polyisocyanurate (ISO) Foam Insulation Boards in Roofing Applications
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya Phalguni , Baskaran Bas , Normandin Nicole , Lackey John , Evoniak Sebastian 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In North America, more than 50 % of low slope roofing applications uses faced rigid cellular polyisocyanurate (hereafter abbreviated as ISO) board as thermal insulation. Long-term performance of a roof assembly is critically dependent on the ISO characteristics during the service period in various environmental conditions. For this reason, the ASTM C 1289-02, “Standard Specification for Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board,” outlines the physical and thermal property requirements for the ISO boards. However, these requirements are based on the available knowledge, information, and consensus at the time of drafting and balloting of the ASTM standard. Nevertheless, the standard gets updated and revised when more credible data are available that solicits revisions of the current standard. This paper presents experimental results from an ongoing pilot research study that critically evaluates the ASTM C 1289-02 specification requirements for the ISO on three engineering properties: (1) dimensional stability, (2) thermal resistance, and (3) compressive strength. Preliminary results from this study reveal many unknown phenomena, particularly regarding the dimensional stability and compressive strength of ISO boards.
B Chromosome Polymorphism in Maize Landraces: Adaptivevs. Demographic Hypothesis of Clinal Variation
Authors: Lia Verónica V , Confalonieri Viviana A , Poggio Lidia 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCytogenetic analysis of maize landraces from northwestern Argentina has revealed an altitudinal cline in the mean number of B chromosomes (B's) per plant, with cultivars growing at higher altitudes exhibiting a higher number of B's. Altitudinal and longitudinal clines are frequently interpreted as evidence of selection, however, they can also be produced by the interplay between drift and spatially restricted gene flow or by admixture between previously isolated populations that have come into secondary contact. Here, we test the adaptive significance of the observed altitudinal gradient by comparing the levels of differentiation in the mean number of B's to those obtained from 18 selectively neutral loci [simple sequence repeats (SSRs)] among seven populations of the cline. The adequacy of alternative genetic-differentiation measures was determined, and associations between cytogenetic, genetic, and altitudinal distances were assessed by means of matrix- correspondence tests. No evidence for association between pairwise FST and altitudinal distance or B-chromosome differentiation was found. The contrasting pattern of altitudinal divergence between the mean number of B's per plant and the genetic differentiation at SSR loci indicates that demographic processes cannot account for the observed levels of divergence in the mean number of B's.
tint Maps to Mouse Chromosome 6 and May Interact With a Notochordal Enhancer of Brachyury
Authors: Wu Jiang I , Centilli M A , Vasquez Gabriela , Young Susan , Scolnick Jonathan , Durfee Larissa A , Spearow Jimmy L , Schwantz Staci D , Rennebeck Gabriela , Artzt Karen 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
At the proximal part of mouse chromosome 17 there are three well-defined genes affecting the axis of the embryo and consequently tail length: Brachyury, Brachyury the second, and the t-complex tail interaction (T1, T2, and tct). The existence of T1 and tct in fact defines the classical “t-complex” that occupies ∼40 cM of mouse chromosome 17. Their relationship to each other and various unlinked interacting genes has been enigmatic. The tint gene was the first of the latter to be identified. We report here its genetic mapping using a microsatellite scan together with outcrosses to Mus spretus and M. castaneous followed by a subsequent testcross to T, T1, and T2 mutants. Surprisingly, tint interacts with T2 but not with T1. The implications of our data suggest that T2 may be part of the T1 regulatory region through direct or indirect participation of tint.
Effects of High Levels of Antimycin A on Aquatic Invertebrates in a Warmwater Arizona Stream
Authors: Dinger Eric C. , Marks J. C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Restoration of native fish to freshwater habitats often requires nonnative fish removal via chemicals such as antimycin A. Despite widespread use, there are limited field studies quantifying the effects of antimycin A on aquatic macroinvertebrates. We studied the immediate and short-term effects of antimycin A on macroinvertebrates during a fish renovation project in Fossil Creek, Arizona. We employed before–after control–impact (BACI) designs to measure the effects of antimycin A (at extraordinarily high levels of &gt;54 and &gt;100 μg/L) on macroinvertebrate drift, density, and species composition. We used the Hilsenhoff biotic index, a measure of invertebrate pollution tolerance, to study changes in species composition. At the highest dose (&gt;100 μg/L), drift was five times the pretreatment drift level and invertebrate standing stocks in pools and riffles decreased immediately. Densities rebounded in riffles within 5 months but remained depressed in pools. At the lower concentration (&gt;54 μg/L), macroinvertebrate mortality, measured as increased drift, was 24 times the pretreatment level. At this lower concentration, however, macroinvertebrate densities in the benthos were not reduced. Under both concentrations, species composition shifted toward more tolerant species. Although antimycin A effects were mostly short term, several species were locally extirpated. We found no explanation for the loss of some species over others. These results indicate that there is a high end concentration at which antimycin A can have deleterious effects on aquatic invertebrates. We caution managers contemplating the use of antimycin A in fish restoration to consider the risks to macroinvertebrates. We suggest the use of pretreatment surveys and bioassays at anticipated treatment levels to predict the effects upon macroinvertebrates, especially sensitive species. Where there are sensitive species, steps should be taken to mitigate effects.
Scaling Acoustic Telemetry of Bluefish in an Estuarine Observatory: Detection and Habitat Use Patterns
Authors: Grothues Thomas M. , Able Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe telemetered adult bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix via a fixed estuarine hydrophone array to assess estuarine habitat use and determine the feasibility of using this approach coastwide. Eighteen bluefish (286‐622 mm fork length) were surgically implanted with ultrasonic tags transmitting at either 2‐s or 5‐s intervals. The fish were monitored during their stay within a temperate estuary by hydrophones and associated environmental data loggers at major bottlenecks. They moved quickly through the hydrophone detection ranges, with 3‐100 acoustic contacts being recorded within 15‐min intervals. Contacts per 15‐min interval with fixed hydrophones were similar for fish with 2‐s and 5‐s transmission interval tags, but mobile tracking proved ineffectual. Bluefish preferred the shallow polyhaline portion of the estuary, but several moved upriver to a salinity as low as 12‰. The latter occurred near the minimum (14°C) of the temperature range utilized (11‐27°C). Residence times (0‐55 d; mean = 15 d) indicated the importance of estuaries to bluefish during spring and fall. Residence time was unrelated to fish size. The success of a coastwide effort monitoring multiple estuaries for bluefish could be high and would be enhanced by proper configuration of the tags and hydrophone arrays, as outlined here.
Evaluating Corporate Environmental Performance in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Implementation: The Contingent Roles of Ownership Type and External Monitoring
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Yong Yanlan , Hussain Murtaza , Maqsood Umer Sahil , Zahid R. M. Ammar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCorporate environmental performance (CEP) has emerged as a matter of topmost importance within the business domain, as organizations increasingly acknowledge the exigency of integrating sustainable practices into their core operational frameworks. Drawing from the natural resource‐based view, institutional, stakeholder, and legitimacy theories, this study hypothesizes a positive relationship for the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on Chinese listed firms' CEP, moderated by the roles of state ownership (SOWN) and external stakeholders, i.e., external auditor (BIG4), financial analysts (FA), and media coverage (MC). The study analyzes a comprehensive dataset of 9033 firm‐year observations from Chinese A‐share listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges over the period 2010–2019. AI is measured through computer‐assisted textual analysis of annual reports, while CEP is quantified using environmental responsibility scores from an independent rating agency (HEXUN‐RKS). Employing fixed effects panel regression models, empirical findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between AI and CEP. The results for moderation effects demonstrate that BIG4 and FA significantly strengthen the positive AI–CEP relationship, but MC does not. Moreover, the study's heterogeneity analyses indicate that the positive impact of AI on CEP is more pronounced in decision‐effective firms and highly competitive industries. Importantly, the main findings of the study were validated through instrumental variables, lag and lead models, two‐step system generalized method of moments, and an alternate proxy for CEP. The study contributes new insights on AI's environmental impacts in emerging economies like China undergoing digital transformation. It highlights how ownership structure and heightened external oversight compel firms to leverage AI for enhancing CEP.
Approximate integrity constraints in incomplete databases with limited domains
Authors: Al-atar Munqath , Sali Attila 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A strongly possible constraint is an intermediate concept between possible and certain constraints, based on the strongly possible world approach (a strongly possible world is obtained by replacing ’s by a value from the ones appearing in the corresponding attribute of the table). In the present paper, we introduce strongly possible versions of multivalued dependencies and cross joins, and we analyse the complexity of checking the validity of a given strongly possible cross joins. We also study two approximation measures,

$$g_3$$

g
3

and

$$g_5$$

g
5

, of strongly possible keys (spKeys), functional dependencies (spFDs), multivalued dependencies (spMVDs) and cross joins (spCJs). For spKeys and spFDs, we show that the

$$g_3$$

g
3

value is always an upper bound of the

$$g_5$$

g
5

value for a given constraint in a table. However, there are tables of arbitrarily large number of tuples and a constant number of attributes that satisfy

$$g_3-g_5=\frac{p}{q}$$

g
3

-

g
5

=

p
q

for any rational number

$$0\le \frac{p}{q}<1$$

0
≤

p
q

<
1

. On the other hand, we show that the values of measures

$$g_3$$

g
3

and

$$g_5$$

g
5

are independent of each other in the case of spMVDs and spCJs. We prove that checking whether a given strongly possible cross join holds in an incomplete table is NP-complete, in sharp contrast to the fact that checking a given cross join in a complete table is easily seen to be polynomially solvable. We also treat complexity questions of determination of the approximation values, namely we show that both, determining

$$g_3$$

g
3

and

$$g_5$$

g
5

for spCJs are NP-complete.