bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucurbitacin B modulates M2 macrophage differentiation and attenuates osteosarcoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wu Hong , Ma Tianjun , He Mei , Xie Wenkai , Wang Xueyan , Lu Liuping , Wang Hui , Cui Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumour characterised by an aggressive metastatic potential. The tumour microenvironment, particularly the M2‐polarised macrophages, is crucial for tumour progression. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a triterpenoid derivative, is recognised for its anti‐inflammatory and antitumour properties. This study investigates CuB and its effect on M2 macrophage differentiation and osteosarcoma progression, aiming to contribute to new treatment strategies. In vitro, THP‐1 monocytes were stimulated with PMA, IL‐13 and IL‐4 to induce differentiation into M2 macrophages. Additionally, the influence of CuB on the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in the context of M2 macrophages was scrutinised. Crucial signalling pathways, especially the PI3K/AKT pathway, affected by CuB were identified and validated. In vivo, the osteosarcoma model was employed to gauge the effects of CuB on tumour weight, lung metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and M2 macrophage markers. The results showed that CuB inhibited M2 macrophage differentiation, leading to reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. CuB manifested an inhibitory effect on the PI3K/AKT pathway during the differentiation of M2 macrophages. In mouse models, CuB markedly reduced the tumour weight and the number of lung metastases. It also reduced the expression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation markers in tumour tissues, decreased the quantity of M2 macrophages and their associated markers and pathway proteins. In conclusion, CuB impedes osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting M2 macrophage differentiation via the PI3K/AKT pathway, presenting the potential for therapeutic advancements in osteosarcoma treatment.
Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Polar 3D Perovskitoid Enables Self‐Powered Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetection
Authors: Tang Junjie , He Biqi , Kuang Kuan , Li Mingkai , Cao Sheng , Yu Zixian , He Yunbin , Chen Junnian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe family of polar hybrid perovskites, in which bulk photovoltaic effects (BPVEs) drive steady photocurrent without bias voltage, have shown promising potentials in self‐powered polarization‐sensitive photodetection. However, reports of BPVEs in 3D perovskites remain scare, being mainly hindered by the limited dipole moment or lack of symmetry breaking. Herein, a polar 3D perovskitoid, (BDA)Pb2Br6 (BDA = NH3C4H8NH3), where the spontaneous polarization (Ps)‐induced BPVE drives self‐powered photodetection of polarized‐light is reported. Emphatically, the edge‐sharing Pb2Br10 dimer building unit allows the optical anisotropy and polarity in 3D (BDA)Pb2Br6, which triggers distinct optical absorption dichroism ratio of ≈2.80 and BPVE dictated photocurrent of 3.5 µA cm−2. Strikingly, these merits contribute to a polarization‐sensitive photodetection with a high polarization ratio (≈4) under self‐powered mode, beyond those of 2D hybrid perovskites and inorganic materials. This study highlights the potential of polar 3D perovskitoids toward intelligent optoelectronic applications.
Micropillar with Radial Gradient Modulus Enables Robust Adhesion and Friction
Authors: Zhu Bo , Tan Di , Xiao Kangjian , Shi Zhekun , Li Gang , Lei Yifeng , Chen Daobing , Liu Sheng , Xue Longjian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe gradient modulus in beetle setae plays a critical role in allowing it to stand and walk on natural surfaces. Mimicking beetle setae to create a modulus gradient in microscale, especially in the direction of setae radius, can achieve reliable contact and thus strong adhesion. However, it remains highly challenging to achieve modulus gradient along radial directions in setae‐like structures. Here, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillar with radial gradient modulus, (termed GM), is successfully constructed by making use of the polymerization inhibitor in the photosensitive resin template. GM gains adhesion up to 84 kPa, which is 2.3 and 4.7 times of soft homogeneous micropillars (SH) and hard homogeneous micropillars (HH), respectively. The radial gradient modulus facilitates contact formation on various surfaces and shifts stress concentration from contact perimeter to the center, resulting in adhesion enhancement. Meanwhile, GM achieves strong friction of 8.1 mN, which is 1.2 and 2.6 times of SH and HH, respectively. Moreover, GM possesses high robustness, maintaining strong adhesion and friction after 400 cycles of tests. The work here not only provides a robust structure for strong adhesion and friction, but also establishes a strategy to create modulus gradient at micron‐scale.
PVDF‐HFP Based, Quasi‐Solid Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Carena Eleonora , Mezzomo Lorenzo , Vallana Nicholas , Ceribelli Nicole , Di Liberto Giovanni , Mostoni Silvia , Ferrara Chiara , Mauri Michele , Lorenzi Roberto , Giordano Livia , Ruffo Riccardo , Mustarelli Piercarlo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComposite polymer electrolytes are systems of choice for future solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) is among the most interesting matrices to develop new generation quasi‐solid electrolytes (QSEs). Here it is reported on nanocomposites made of PVDF‐HFP and pegylated SiO2 nanoparticles. Silica‐based hybrid nanofillers are obtained by grafting chains of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG) with different molecular weight on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The functionalized nanofiller improves the mechanical, transport and electrochemical properties of the QSEs, which show good ionic conductivity values and high resistance against dendrite penetration, ensuring boosted long and safe device operation. The most promising result is obtained by dispersing 5 wt% of SiO2 functionalized with short PEG chains (PEG750, Mw = 750 g mol−1) in the PVDF‐HFP matrix with an ease solvent‐casting procedure. It shows ionic conductivity of 0.1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C, more than 250 h resistance to stripping/plating, and impressive results during cycling tests in LMB with LiFePO4 cathode.
Synergistic π‐Conjugation Organic Cathode for Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Su Jingwen , Zhang Meng , Tian Hao , Han Mingshan , Sun Zhaopeng , Du Kai , Cui Fangyan , Li Jingzhen , Huang Weiwei , Hu Yuxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous aluminum batteries (AABs) are promising energy storage technologies owing to their high safety and ultra‐high energy‐to‐price ratio. However, either the strong electrostatic forces between high‐charge‐density Al3+ and host lattice, or sluggish large carrier‐ion diffusion toward the conventional inorganic cathodes generates inferior cycling stability and low rate‐capacity. To overcome these inherent confinements, a series of promising redox‐active organic materials (ROMs) are investigated and a π‐conjugated structure ROMs with synergistic C═O and C═N groups is optimized as the new cathode in AABs. Benefiting from the joint utilization of multi‐redox centers and rich π–π intermolecular interactions, the optimized ROMs with unique ion coordination storage mechanism facilely accommodate complex active ions with mitigated coulombic repulsion and robust lattice structure, which is further validated via theoretical simulations. Thus, the cathode achieves enhanced rate performance (153.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) and one of the best long‐term stabilities (125.7 mAh g−1 after 4,000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) in AABs. Via molecular exploitation, this work paves the new direction toward high‐performance cathode materials in aqueous multivalent‐ion battery systems.
Crystal Plane Regulation Promotes the Oriented Conversion of Radicals in Heterogeneous Persulfate Catalyzed Oxidation Process
Authors: Tang Zhenchun , Zhou Xinquan , Du Mengyao , Zhang Ruichang , Xu Hang , Peng Shuge , Wei Xuefeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn heterogeneous persulfate‐catalyzed oxidation systems, the mechanism underlying the crystal plane effects of the catalyst on the selective conversion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains ambiguous. In this study, nano‐Co3O4 catalysts with varying crystallinity and exposure levels of (111) crystal planes are prepared via a hydrothermal method. Compared to low crystalline catalysts, high crystallinity catalysts predominantly expose (111) planes containing higher concentrations of Co2+ and oxygen vacancies (Ov), resulting in an increase degradation efficiency of p‐nitrobenzaldehyde (4‐NBA) from 74.5% to 100%. Radical quenching experiments and EPR characterization reveal that the degradation of 4‐NBA occurs through a radical pathway, and quantification of radicals demonstrates that increasing exposure levels of (111) planes effectively promote radical yield (CSO4•‐ increase from 18.2 to 172.8 µm and C•OH increase from 1 to 58.9 µm). Furthermore, XPS and DFT calculations indicate that high crystallinity catalyst possesses more Ov active sites on (111) planes. The presence of Ov not only facilitates the adsorption of PMS molecules but also enhances electron transfer from Co2+ to PMS, leading to directed formation and efficient transformation of radicals. This study presents a novel strategy for promoting efficient radical formation in persulfate‐activated systems.
Enhancement of impact resistance of alkali‐activated slag concrete through biochar supplementation
Authors: Egodagamage Harshani , Yapa Hiran , Buddika Samith , Loh Thomas , Navaratnam Satheeskumar , Patrisia Yulin , Nguyen Kate 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiochar is a well‐known sustainable and effective additive used in mortar/concrete to improve its mechanical properties. However, its potential to improve the impact resistance of concrete is still unexplored. This paper investigates biochar's effectiveness in improving the strength and impact performance of alkali‐activated slag concrete (AASC). Five AASC samples with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% rice husk biochar (RB) were employed in an experimental program. The strength and the impact resistance were tested, and the latter was assessed over a drop‐weight test conforming to the ACI Committee 544 guidelines. The crack propagation of the impact‐tested samples was examined using micro‐CT images. The results showed that adding RB up to 6% improved, notably the 28‐day compressive strength of AASC. At 6% RB, the strength enhancement was 44.6%, whereas no additional gain was observed at the 8% RB blend. More importantly, except for the 8% RB sample, the impact resistance was considerably augmented with the RB level increment. The increment in the impact number at the first crack and the failure in the 6% RB sample were as high as 185% and 180%, respectively. The reduction in the solution/binder ratio of the mix with the addition of biochar and the internal curing effect of biochar were deemed to be responsible for these improvements. However, possibly due to biochar's brittle characteristics, the increase in RB dosage from 6% to 8% reduced the impact resistance drastically.
Systematic review on effects of global climate change on birds
Authors: Fernando Hewanahannadige Melisha Shavindi , Gunawardena Medhisha Pasan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsequences of climatic change in migratory and resident birds in terms of behavior, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution are the best documented changes reported in the animal world. This systematic review focuses on the studies conducted/published in the two most recent decades (2001–2020) regarding the effects of global climate change on birds. The PSALSAR [Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Reporting results] approach was used to conduct the review. Information from a total of 170 publications in two databases (PUBMED and Google Scholar) including journal articles, books, book chapters, reviews, and reports were extracted and analyzed under ten criteria. An increase in publication number was observed in both databases. Overall, the highest number of publications were available for the year 2019. The highest number (141) of selected publications were journal articles. The highest number of articles (41) were from PLOS One. Selected articles’ study periods ranged between 1830 to 2100. Twenty‐eight studies were done in a global scale. Other studies scaled around eight regions, five continents and 40 countries. Behavior and ecology related consequences were studied the most. Eighty‐two studies used primary data sources and 88 studies used secondary data sources. Quantification, mapping, and modeling were the most utilized modes of assessments. Most studies species are Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Majority of the publications were based on expansion of knowledge.
Concluding Remarks on the Evolution of New Working Spaces
Authors: Mariotti Ilaria , Tomaz Elisabete , Micek Grzegorz , Méndez-Ortega Carles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe concluding chapter briefly describes the trends and evolution of NeWSps types referring to what has been explored and presented in the book chapters. The COVID-19 pandemic and the growth of remote working have favoured hybrid types of NeWSps. Besides, the chapter explores the positive role of NeWSps in rural and remote areas, which are affected by depopulation challenges, and puts forward future research.
Theoretical Framework of the Location of Coworking Spaces
Authors: Mariotti Ilaria , Micek Grzegorz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLocation theory focuses on the optimal location choice determined by the attractiveness of sites for firm location. This chapter reviews the location theories (neoclassical, behavioral, institutional, and evolutionary), which offer insights into the location factors of coworking spaces that can be assimilated to those of the service sectors. It discusses the role of proximity measures a là Boschma and presents a literature review of the studies exploring coworking spaces’ location factors. Conclusions and future research lines conclude the chapter.
Maximum Likelihood
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn Chapter 2, we discussed the problem of minimizing the Euclidean distance from a data point u to a model X in $$\mathbb{R}^{n}$$ that is described by polynomial equations. In Chapter 5, we studied the analogous problem in the setting of algebraic statistics [167], where the model X represents a family of probability distributions, and we used the Wasserstein metric to measure the distance from u to X. Finally, in Chapter 9, we considered the distance from a polynomial system u to the discriminant in the context of numerical analysis.
Scales of Political Practice and Patterns of Power Relations in Prehistory
Authors: Schaefer-Di Maida Stefanie , Laabs Julian , Wunderlich Maria , Hofmann Robert , Piezonka Henny , Kreuz Patric-Alexander , Sabnis Shikharani , Brozio Jan Piet , Dickie Caitriona , Furholt Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolitical practices are fundamental for co-existence in human groups, yet the systematic investigation of such practices within prehistoric societies is still very much pending. Relevant discussions are often limited to cases of obvious asymmetric power relations and the alleged establishment of elites. In order to fill this complex gap in the current discussion we take a systematic approach exploring the nature and organisation of prehistoric power relations, decision-making and conflict resolution. We investigate changes in political practices through a diachronic set of case studies from prehistoric west Eurasia, examining the impact of these changes on the overall transformative processes of prehistoric sociality.Here, we explore a set of parameters in five case studies from prehistoric Eurasia in order to characterise power relations and to reconstruct political negotiation and decision-making processes that constitute political practices. The case studies exhibit socio-political complexity in a variety of forms, encompassing a wide range of situations from Mesolithic Siberia, LBK Vráble Slovakia, Neolithic Pile-dwellings Switzerland, Copper Age Tripolye Ukraine, Neolithic and Bronze Age Schleswig-Holstein, to Iron Age Greece. As archaeological proxies, eight parameters have been identified as markers of political practice to be used as a comparative framework: community site, conformity/diversity, (critical) resource access and distribution, network configurations, organisation of decision-making, property rights, (violent) conflict and resolution, and knowledge.In this chapter we aim to develop a systematic approach for the analysis of political practices in order to enable the identification of patterns of power relations within the prehistory of Eurasia. This way we will develop a long-term perspective on transformations of these practices at a geographical macro scale.
Search for WIMPs at future μ+μ+ colliders
Authors: Fukuda Hajime , Moroi Takeo , Niki Atsuya , Wei Shang-Fu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with electroweak charges, such as the wino and the Higgsino, stand out as natural candidates for dark matter in the universe. In this paper, we study the search for WIMPs at future multi-TeV μ+μ+ colliders. We investigate both the direct production search of WIMPs through the mono-muon channel and the indirect search through quantum corrections in elastic μ+μ+ Møller scattering. We find that the indirect search has an advantage over the direct search with sufficient luminosities, $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\textrm{ab}}^{-1}\right) $$
O

ab

−
1

, and low systematic uncertainties, ≲ 0.3 %. This advantage arises due to the weaker mass dependence observed in the indirect search in comparison to direct production methods. The advantage is further enhanced if the initial muon beams are polarized. Specifically, we demonstrate that the indirect search method can detect the thermal mass target for the wino and the Higgsino for $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 6 TeV and 2 TeV (with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

being the center of mass energy), respectively, with 10 ab−1, an 80 % polarized beam and an accuracy of 0.1 %. Our findings illuminate the potential of future high-energy μ+μ+ colliders in advancing our understanding of dark matter.
Quantum transport theory for neutrinos with flavor and particle-antiparticle mixing
Authors: Kainulainen Kimmo , Parkkinen Harri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We derive quantum kinetic equations for mixing neutrinos including consistent forward scattering terms and collision integrals for coherent neutrino states. In practice, we reduce the general Kadanoff-Baym equations in a few clearly justified steps to a generalized density matrix equation that describes both the flavour- and particle-antiparticle coherences and is valid for arbitrary neutrino masses and kinematics. We then reduce this equation to a simpler particle-antiparticle diagonal limit and eventually to the ultra-relativistic limit. Our derivation includes simple Feynman rules for computing collision integrals with the coherence information. We also expose a novel spectral shell structure underlying the mixing phenomenon and quantify how the prior information on the system impacts on the QKE’s, leading to a direct effect on its evolution. Our results can be used for example to accurately model neutrino distributions in hot and dense environments and to study the production and decay of mixing heavy neutrinos in colliders.
Plumage and eggshell colouration covary with the level of sex-specific parental contributions to nest building in birds
Authors: Nagy Jenő , Hauber Mark E. , Löki Viktor , Mainwaring Mark C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterspecific variation in sex-specific contributions to prenatal parental care, including avian nest building, is becoming increasingly better understood as we amass more information on more species. We examined whether sex-specific nest building contributions covary with the colouration of parents and their eggs in 521 species of Western Palearctic birds. Having colourful plumage and laying colourful eggs are costly because of the deposition of pigments in feathers and eggs and/or forming costly nanostructural substrates in feathers, and so it might be expected that those costs covary with the costs of nest building at the level of individuals and/or across species to produce of a suite of codivergent traits. Using a phylogenetically informed approach, we tested the hypothesis that species in which females alone invest energy building nests exhibit less sexual plumage dichromatism. However, we found comparative support for the opposite of this prediction. We then tested that species in which females alone build nests lay more colourful, and costlier, eggs because the dual costs of building nests and laying colourful eggs can only be borne by higher quality individuals. As expected, we found that species in which females build nests alone or together with males are more likely to lay colourfully pigmented eggs relative to species in which only males build nests. Finally, stochastic character mapping provided evidence of the repeated evolution of female-only nest building. Interspecific sex differences in plumage colouration therefore covary in a complex manner with female pre- (nest building) and post-copulatory (egg production) investment in reproduction.
Classification of hazelnut varieties based on bigtransfer deep learning model
Authors: Dönmez Emrah , Kılıçarslan Serhat , Diker Aykut 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHazelnut is an agricultural product that contributes greatly to the economy of the countries where it is grown. The human factor plays a major role in hazelnut classification. The typical approach involves manual inspection of each sample by experts, a process that is both labor-intensive and time-consuming, and often suffers from limited sensitivity. The deep learning techniques are extremely important in the classification and detection of agricultural products. Deep learning has great potential in the agricultural sector. This technology can improve product quality, increase productivity, and offer farmers the ability to classify and detect their produce more effectively. This is important for sustainability and efficiency in the agricultural industry. In this paper aims to the application of deep learning algorithms to streamline hazelnut classification, reducing the need for manual labor, time, and cost in the sorting process. The study utilized hazelnut images from three different varieties: Giresun, Ordu, and Van, comprising a dataset of 1165 images for Giresun, 1324 for Ordu, and 1138 for Van hazelnuts. This dataset is an open-access dataset. In the study, experiments were carried out on the determination of hazelnut varieties with BigTransfer (BiT)-M R50 × 1, BiT-M R101 × 3 and BiT-M R152 × 4 models. Deep learning models, including big transfer was employed for classification. The classification task involved 3627 nut images and resulted in a remarkable accuracy of 99.49% with the BiT-M R152 × 4 model. These innovative methods can also lead to patentable products and devices in various industries, thereby boosting the economic value of the country.