bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nickel oxide in the direct growth of MnOx on Ni foam by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Azim F , Lam N K , Pokhrel H , Mishra S R , Pollard S D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Manganese oxide has emerged as a promising material for use as a charge storage electrode material. In this work, we demonstrate the low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of manganese oxide conformal coatings on Ni-foams utilising an MnCl2 solid source precursor, utilising an oxide formed on the surface of the Ni-foam as an oxygen reservoir for the synthesis of a predominantly MnO
x
layer. The resulting MnO
x
layer is highly dependent on sample pre-treatment, owing to modifications in the Ni oxide layer. The phase structure, electronic states, morphology, and electrochemical analysis were determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning-electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements. The importance of the oxide layer is demonstrated by modifying the thickness of the NiO layer over the Ni foam, with clear changes in the resultant structure, morphology, and areal capacitance, with the highest performance MnO
x
coating found to be obtained without any oxide removal from the Ni foam substrate.
Life cycle assessment of direct recycling hot press forging of aluminium AA7075 metal matrix composite
Authors: Khaireez Muhamad Haikal Mohd , Yusuf Nur Kamilah , Ghaleb Atef M , Al-Alimi Sami , Rahmat Aiman , Tukiat Ikhwan Shah Tisadi , Saif Yazid , Ragab Adham E , Zhou Wenbin , Ameen Wadea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this research is to investigate the process of direct recycling of AA7075 aluminium alloy, which is extensively utilised in the aerospace and flight sectors due to its exceptional strength and lightweight characteristics. Alumina (Al2O3) is used as a reinforcing agent and the effect of hot press forging (HPF) parameters on the mechanical characteristics and surface integrity of the metal matrix composite (MMC) constructed of AA7075 alloy with 1% Al2O3 has been studied. Furthermore, the utilisation of an integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) approach is implemented to assess the environmental impacts and economic expenses associated with the recycling of aluminium via high-pressure forming for both the metal matrix composite and AA7075 alloy. Response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to ascertain the optimal parameters for high-performance filtration. The findings suggest that employing a forging temperature of 532.34 °C and a holding time of 60 min produces favourable results. When comparing the characteristics of the MMC and recycled aluminium, it can be observed that they both demonstrate similar essential process attributes. The utilisation of HPF in conjunction with the Multi-Material Composite has the potential to yield a reduction of up to 24.97% in Global Warming Potential (GWP). This research demonstrates the efficacy of HPF as a viable approach for environmentally conscious and economically efficient recycling of AA7075 aluminium scrap, thereby improving product performance and promoting sustainability.
The impact of memory on learning sequence-to-sequence tasks
Authors: Seif Alireza , Loos Sarah A M , Tucci Gennaro , Roldán Édgar , Goldt Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The recent success of neural networks in natural language processing has drawn renewed attention to learning sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) tasks. While there exists a rich literature that studies classification and regression tasks using solvable models of neural networks, seq2seq tasks have not yet been studied from this perspective. Here, we propose a simple model for a seq2seq task that has the advantage of providing explicit control over the degree of memory, or non-Markovianity, in the sequences—the stochastic switching-Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (SSOU) model. We introduce a measure of non-Markovianity to quantify the amount of memory in the sequences. For a minimal auto-regressive (AR) learning model trained on this task, we identify two learning regimes corresponding to distinct phases in the stationary state of the SSOU process. These phases emerge from the interplay between two different time scales that govern the sequence statistics. Moreover, we observe that while increasing the integration window of the AR model always improves performance, albeit with diminishing returns, increasing the non-Markovianity of the input sequences can improve or degrade its performance. Finally, we perform experiments with recurrent and convolutional neural networks that show that our observations carry over to more complicated neural network architectures.
An update on the formation in tobacco, toxicity and carcinogenicity of Nʹ-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
Authors: Peterson Lisa A , Stanfill Stephen B , Hecht Stephen S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamines Nʹ-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are considered ‘carcinogenic to humans’ by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and are believed to be important in the carcinogenic effects of both smokeless tobacco and combusted tobacco products. This short review focuses on the results of recent studies on the formation of NNN and NNK in tobacco, and their carcinogenicity and toxicity in laboratory animals. New mechanistic insights are presented regarding the role of dissimilatory nitrate reductases in certain microorganisms involved in the conversion of nitrate to nitrite that leads to the formation of NNN and NNK during curing and processing of tobacco. Carcinogenicity studies of the enantiomers of the major NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and the enantiomers of NNN are reviewed. Recent toxicity studies of inhaled NNK and co-administration studies of NNK with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and CO2, all of which occur in high concentrations in cigarette smoke, are discussed.
Computer gaming alters resting-state brain networks, enhancing cognitive and fluid intelligence in players: evidence from brain imaging-derived phenotypes-wide Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Jiadong , Wang Yu , Ou Qian , Yang Sengze , Jing Jiajie , Fang Jiaqi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The debate on whether computer gaming enhances players’ cognitive function is an ongoing and contentious issue. Aiming to delve into the potential impacts of computer gaming on the players’ cognitive function, we embarked on a brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs)-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study, utilizing publicly available data from a European population. Our findings indicate that computer gaming has a positive impact on fluid intelligence (odds ratio [OR] = 6.264, P = 4.361 × 10−10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.520–11.147) and cognitive function (OR = 3.322, P = 0.002, 95% CI 1.563–7.062). Out of the 3062 brain IDPs analyzed, only one phenotype, IDP NET100 0378, was significantly influenced by computer gaming (OR = 4.697, P = 1.10 × 10−5, 95% CI 2.357–9.361). Further MR analysis suggested that alterations in the IDP NET100 0378 caused by computer gaming may be a potential factor affecting fluid intelligence (OR = 1.076, P = 0.041, 95% CI 1.003–1.153). Our MR study lends support to the notion that computer gaming can facilitate the development of players’ fluid intelligence by enhancing the connectivity between the motor cortex in the resting-state brain and key regions such as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the language center.
Resting state functional connectome in breast cancer patients with fear of cancer recurrence
Authors: Lin Tian-Ye , Zhang Yi-He , Zhang Ye-Ning , Yang Yang , Du Lei , Li Qing-Yang , He Yi , Liu Fu-Chao , Tang Xiao-Yu , Tang Li-Li , Sun Ying-Shi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate network-level brain functional changes in breast cancer patients and their relationship with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Resting-state functional MRI was collected from 43 patients with breast cancer and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Graph theory analyses, whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectivity strength (FCS) analyses and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed to identify connection alterations in breast cancer patients. Correlations between brain functional connections (i.e. FCS and FC) and FCR level were assessed to further reveal the neural mechanisms of FCR in breast cancer patients. Graph theory analyses indicated a decreased clustering coefficient in breast cancer patients compared to HCs (P = 0.04). Patients with breast cancer exhibited significantly higher FCS in both higher-order function networks (frontoparietal, default mode, and dorsal attention systems) and primary somatomotor networks. Among the hyperconnected regions in breast cancer, the left inferior frontal operculum demonstrated a significant positive correlation with FCR. Our findings suggest that breast cancer patients exhibit less segregation of brain function, and the left inferior frontal operculum is a key region associated with FCR. This study offers insights into the neural mechanisms of FCR in breast cancer patients at the level of brain connectome.
Distinct neural signatures underlying information maintenance and manipulation in working memory
Authors: Shi Dongping , Yu Qing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Previous working memory research has demonstrated robust stimulus representations during memory maintenance in both voltage and alpha-band activity in electroencephalography. However, the exact functions of these 2 neural signatures have remained controversial. Here we systematically investigated their respective contributions to memory manipulation. Human participants either maintained a previously seen spatial location, or manipulated the location following a mental rotation cue over a delay. Using multivariate decoding, we observed robust location representations in low-frequency voltage and alpha-band oscillatory activity with distinct spatiotemporal dynamics: location representations were most evident in posterior channels in alpha-band activity, but were most prominent in the more anterior, central channels in voltage signals. Moreover, the temporal emergence of manipulated representation in central voltage preceded that in posterior alpha-band activity, suggesting that voltage might carry stimulus-specific source signals originated internally from anterior cortex, whereas alpha-band activity might reflect feedback signals in posterior cortex received from higher-order cortex. Lastly, while location representations in both signals were coded in a low-dimensional neural subspace, location representation in central voltage was higher-dimensional and underwent a representational transformation that exclusively predicted memory behavior. Together, these results highlight the crucial role of central voltage in working memory, and support functional distinctions between voltage and alpha-band activity.
Immunologic Predictors of Vaccine Responsiveness in Patients With Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chong Elise A , Kumashie Kingsley Gideon , Chong Emeline R , Fabrizio Joseph , Gupta Aditi , Svoboda Jakub , Barta Stefan K , Walsh Kristy M , Napier Ellen B , Lundberg Rachel K , Nasta Sunita D , Gerson James N , Landsburg Daniel J , Gonzalez Joyce , Gaano Andrew , Weirick Madison E , McAllister Christopher M , Awofolaju Moses , John Gavin N , Kammerman Shane C , Novacek Josef , Pajarillo Raymone , Lundgreen Kendall A , Tanenbaum Nicole , Gouma Sigrid , Drapeau Elizabeth M , Adamski Sharon , D’Andrea Kurt , Pattekar Ajinkya , Hicks Amanda , Korte Scott , Sharma Harsh , Herring Sarah , Williams Justine C , Hamilton Jacob T , Bates Paul , Hensley Scott E , Prak Eline T Luning , Greenplate Allison R , Wherry E John , Schuster Stephen J , Ruella Marco , Vella Laura A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Patients with B-cell lymphomas have altered cellular components of vaccine responses due to malignancy and therapy, and the optimal timing of vaccination relative to therapy remains unknown. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines created an opportunity for new insights in vaccine timing because patients were challenged with a novel antigen across multiple phases of treatment. We studied serologic messenger RNA vaccine response in retrospective and prospective cohorts with lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, paired with clinical and research immune parameters. Reduced serologic response was observed more frequently during active treatment, but nonresponse was also common within observation and posttreatment groups. Total immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M correlated with successful vaccine response. In individuals treated with anti-CD19–directed chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells, nonresponse was associated with reduced B and T follicular helper cells. Predictors of vaccine response varied by disease and therapeutic group, and therefore further studies of immune health during and after cancer therapies are needed to individualize vaccine timing.
Optimizing nutrient transporters to enhance disease resistance in rice
Authors: Hui Shugang , Zhang Peng , Yuan Meng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fertilizers and plant diseases contribute positively and negatively to crop production, respectively. Macro- and micronutrients provided by the soil and fertilizers are transported by various plant nutrient transporters from the soil to the roots and shoots, facilitating growth and development. However, the homeostasis of different nutrients has different effects on plant disease. This review is aimed at providing insights into the interconnected regulation between nutrient homeostasis and immune responses, and it highlights strategies to enhance disease resistance by optimal manipulation of nutrient transporters in rice. First, we highlight the essential roles of six macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium) and eight micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, silicon, nickel), and summarize the diverse effects of each on rice diseases. We then systematically review the molecular mechanisms of immune responses modulated by nutrient transporters and the genetic regulatory pathways that control the specific nutrient-mediated immune signaling that is regulated by the pathogens and the host plant. Finally, we discuss putative strategies for breeding disease-resistant rice by genetic engineering of nutrient transporters.
Unlocking protein–protein interactions in plants: a comprehensive review of established and emerging techniques
Authors: Cuadrado Alvaro Furones , Van Damme Daniël 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Protein–protein interactions orchestrate plant development and serve as crucial elements for cellular and environmental communication. Understanding these interactions offers a gateway to unravel complex protein networks that will allow a better understanding of nature. Methods for the characterization of protein–protein interactions have been around over 30 years, yet the complexity of some of these interactions has fueled the development of new techniques that provide a better understanding of the underlying dynamics. In many cases, the application of these techniques is limited by the nature of the available sample. While some methods require an in vivo set-up, others solely depend on protein sequences to study protein–protein interactions via an in silico set-up. The vast number of techniques available to date calls for a way to select the appropriate tools for the study of specific interactions. Here, we classify widely spread tools and new emerging techniques for the characterization of protein–protein interactions based on sample requirements while providing insights into the information that they can potentially deliver. We provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used techniques and elaborate on the most recent developments, showcasing their implementation in plant research.
Short-term salt stress reduces photosynthetic oscillations under triose phosphate utilization limitation in tomato
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Kaiser Elias , Dutta Satadal , Sharkey Thomas D , Marcelis Leo F M , Li Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation is one of the three biochemical limitations of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate in C3 plants. Under TPU limitation, abrupt and large transitions in light intensity cause damped oscillations in photosynthesis. When plants are salt-stressed, photosynthesis is often down-regulated particularly under dynamic light intensity, but how salt stress affects TPU-related dynamic photosynthesis is still unknown. To elucidate this, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was grown with and without sodium chloride (NaCl, 100 mM) stress for 13 d. Under high CO2 partial pressure, rapid increases in light intensity caused profound photosynthetic oscillations. Salt stress reduced photosynthetic oscillations in leaves initially under both low- and high-light conditions and reduced the duration of oscillations by about 2 min. Besides, salt stress increased the threshold for CO2 partial pressure at which oscillations occurred. Salt stress increased TPU capacity without affecting Rubisco carboxylation and electron transport capacity, indicating the up-regulation of end-product synthesis capacity in photosynthesis. Thus salt stress may reduce photosynthetic oscillations by decreasing leaf internal CO2 partial pressure and/or increasing TPU capacity. Our results provide new insights into how salt stress modulates dynamic photosynthesis as controlled by CO2 availability and end-product synthesis.
Four-dimensional quantitative analysis of cell plate development in Arabidopsis using lattice light sheet microscopy identifies robust transition points between growth phases
Authors: Sinclair Rosalie , Wang Minmin , Jawaid Muhammad Zaki , Longkumer Toshisangba , Aaron Jesse , Rossetti Blair , Wait Eric , McDonald Kent , Cox Daniel , Heddleston John , Wilkop Thomas , Drakakaki Georgia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cell plate formation during cytokinesis entails multiple stages occurring concurrently and requiring orchestrated vesicle delivery, membrane remodelling, and timely deposition of polysaccharides, such as callose. Understanding such a dynamic process requires dissection in time and space; this has been a major hurdle in studying cytokinesis. Using lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM), we studied cell plate development in four dimensions, through the behavior of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged cytokinesis-specific GTPase RABA2a vesicles. We monitored the entire duration of cell plate development, from its first emergence, with the aid of YFP–RABA2a, in both the presence and absence of cytokinetic callose. By developing a robust cytokinetic vesicle volume analysis pipeline, we identified distinct behavioral patterns, allowing the identification of three easily trackable cell plate developmental phases. Notably, the phase transition between phase I and phase II is striking, indicating a switch from membrane accumulation to the recycling of excess membrane material. We interrogated the role of callose using pharmacological inhibition with LLSM and electron microscopy. Loss of callose inhibited the phase transitions, establishing the critical role and timing of the polysaccharide deposition in cell plate expansion and maturation. This study exemplifies the power of combining LLSM with quantitative analysis to decode and untangle such a complex process.
The Expected Behaviors of Posterior Predictive Tests and Their Unexpected Interpretation
Authors: Fabreti Luiza Guimarães , Coghill Lyndon M , Thomson Robert C , Höhna Sebastian , Brown Jeremy M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Poor fit between models of sequence or trait evolution and empirical data is known to cause biases and lead to spurious conclusions about evolutionary patterns and processes. Bayesian posterior prediction is a flexible and intuitive approach for detecting such cases of poor fit. However, the expected behavior of posterior predictive tests has never been characterized for evolutionary models, which is critical for their proper interpretation. Here, we show that the expected distribution of posterior predictive P-values is generally not uniform, in contrast to frequentist P-values used for hypothesis testing, and extreme posterior predictive P-values often provide more evidence of poor fit than typically appreciated. Posterior prediction assesses model adequacy under highly favorable circumstances, because the model is fitted to the data, which leads to expected distributions that are often concentrated around intermediate values. Nonuniform expected distributions of P-values do not pose a problem for the application of these tests, however, and posterior predictive P-values can be interpreted as the posterior probability that the fitted model would predict a dataset with a test statistic value as extreme as the value calculated from the observed data.
Cigar Cessation Prevalence and Trends by Demographic Characteristics Among US Adults, TUS-CPS, 2010–2019
Authors: Blakney Aaron M , Lee Terrence , Kramer Renee D , Xu Kerui , Cwalina Samantha N , Mayer Margaret , Chang Cindy M , Chang Joanne T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Disproportionate rates of cigar smoking across demographic groups can contribute to tobacco-related health disparities in the United States. We assessed overall and demographic-specific cigar cessation rates from 2010 to 2019.

Aims and Methods
To characterize cessation prevalence among selected demographic groups over time, we analyzed data from the 2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2018–2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). Individuals who reported either (1) current cigar smoking for at least 2 years or (2) quitting cigar smoking within the past 12 months were included in the study (n = 5262 in 2010–2011; n = 4741 in 2014–2015; n = 3741 in 2018–2019). Among this group, individuals who reported not smoking a cigar within the past 6 months were considered cigar quitters. Chi-square tests were used to test differences in cessation prevalence between the two survey waves within demographic groups as well as between different groups within survey waves.

Results
The prevalence of cigar cessation decreased from 2010–2011 to 2018–2019 for non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals, Hispanic individuals, and both males and females. (p &lt; .05 for all groups). NH White individuals had significantly higher cessation prevalence than individuals who identified as NH Black (33.8% vs. 25.0%, respectively, in 2010–2011; 33.4% vs. 20.4% in 2014–2015; 31.1% vs. 22.3% in 2018–2019; p &lt; .05 for all differences).

Conclusions
Overall cigar cessation prevalence significantly decreased from 2010–2011 to 2018–2019. Findings from the study could provide an opportunity to implement strategies that promote cessation strategies targeting certain subpopulations.

Implications
Cigar cessation patterns are starkly different across different demographic groups, which leads to a disproportionate burden of health-related effects of continued use of these products. These results can inform policy actions around cigar cessation efforts. Future research to close this disparity should be focused on populations that have lower cessation prevalence.
Applying Biblical Wisdom to Trying Times
Authors: Rajamohan Santhiny , Crotser Cheryl , Fleming Walter 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT:
In the post-COVID era, examining nursing and pastoral leadership experiences with biblical examples offers helpful perspectives on how to lead in times of crisis and adversity. Reflecting on men and women of the Bible who led during crisis can encourage nurses to view our ministries through God's lens and motivate us to become stronger leaders.