bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring quality of life for eating‐disordered patients
Authors: Jones Alysun , Evans Maggie , Bamford Bryony , Ford Haelli 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis qualitative study used a semi‐structured interview to explore whether user perspective on quality of life changed following a 12 week day therapy programme for eating disorders. Thematic analysis was used to explore emergent themes. The most significant finding was the difference between the trajectories of the completers and the non‐completers of the day programme. Whilst completers and non‐completers were similar at the start of the programme, completers moved through aspiration to actual change in the quality of their lives, whereas non‐completers were unable to take their aspiration through to action. One possible explanation for the findings is that motivation may be an important intermediate variable, with completers of the programme being more motivated to improve not only their symptoms but also the quality of their lives more generally. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Frequency domain connectivity identification: An application of partial directed coherence in fMRI
Authors: Sato João R. , Takahashi Daniel Y. , Arcuri Silvia M. , Sameshima Koichi , Morettin Pedro A. , Baccalá Luiz A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become an important tool in Neuroscience due to its noninvasive and high spatial resolution properties compared to other methods like PET or EEG. Characterization of the neural connectivity has been the aim of several cognitive researches, as the interactions among cortical areas lie at the heart of many brain dysfunctions and mental disorders. Several methods like correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and dynamic causal models have been proposed to quantify connectivity strength. An important concept related to connectivity modeling is Granger causality, which is one of the most popular definitions for the measure of directional dependence between time series. In this article, we propose the application of the partial directed coherence (PDC) for the connectivity analysis of multisubject fMRI data using multivariate bootstrap. PDC is a frequency domain counterpart of Granger causality and has become a very prominent tool in EEG studies. The achieved frequency decomposition of connectivity is useful in separating interactions from neural modules from those originating in scanner noise, breath, and heart beating. Real fMRI dataset of six subjects executing a language processing protocol was used for the analysis of connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensory gating in the human hippocampal and rhinal regions: Regional differences
Authors: Boutros N.N. , Mears R. , Pflieger M.E. , Moxon K.A. , Ludowig E. , Rosburg T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo further explore the roles of medial temporal structures in mediating sensory gating of incoming irrelevant or redundant auditory input, twenty‐seven patients with intractable epilepsy with depth electrodes implanted in the medial temporal lobe for presurgery evaluation underwent evoked response recording to auditory paired‐stimuli (S1–S2). Seventeen subjects were diagnosed with left medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and 10 with right MTLE. Only data from the nonlesion side were included. Twenty‐three records from rhinal and anterior hippocampal regions, and 21 from posterior hippocampal regions were included in the analysis. The rhinal region had two prominent components (a negativity peaking around 200 ms followed by a positivity peaking around 400 ms). Both the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions exhibited a dominant negative potential peaking around 400 ms. These components were all composed predominantly of slower frequencies. In contrast, a negativity in the posterior hippocampus at around 100 ms was composed of slow and fast frequencies. All components but the early rhinal negativity were attenuated by stimulus repetition. This is the first report documenting that different regions of the medial temporal area are differentially involved in the processing of auditory input, most likely reflecting separate steps of processing. The data support the need for further exploration of the contribution of these regions to sensory gating. This information helps to increase our understanding of this basic but important and complex function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding medial temporal activation in memory tasks: Evidence from fMRI of encoding and recognition in a case of transient global amnesia
Authors: Westmacott Robyn , Silver Frank L. , McAndrews Mary Pat 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe used fMRI to examine the activation patterns of patient AE during encoding and recognition of visual scenes during an episode of transient global amnesia (TGA) and 3 months later. Controls (n= 5) showed bilateral (R>L) activation in parahippocampal and fusiform gyri during encoding and right‐sided activation in the same regions associated with recognition of previously viewed scenes. AE showed a similar pattern at follow‐up. During acute TGA, when performance was profoundly impaired, AE showed no medial temporal activation associated with encoding of new scenes or recognition of old scenes. In both contrasts, the percent signal change in relevant medial temporal regions was more than three standard deviations below the control sample mean. She did, however, show striking bilateral hippocampal activation for recognition attempts (old + new scenes > baseline) even though retrieval was unsuccessful (55% recognition accuracy). This finding was unique to AE on this occasion. This is the first study to document normalization of both encoding and recognition activation patterns in TGA. Furthermore, the strong hippocampal activation during unsuccessful retrieval highlights important issues in interpreting memory‐related activations, particularly in dysfunctional systems. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbon isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to outgassing of carbon dioxide from a headwater stream
Authors: Doctor Daniel H. , Kendall Carol , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Shanley James B. , Ohte Nobuhito , Boyer Elizabeth W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C‐DIC) was investigated as a potential tracer of streamflow generation processes at the Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, USA. Downstream sampling showed δ13C‐DIC increased between 3–5‰ from the stream source to the outlet weir approximately 0·5 km downstream, concomitant with increasing pH and decreasing PCO2. An increase in δ13C‐DIC of 2·4 ± 0·1‰ per log unit decrease of excess PCO2 (stream PCO2 normalized to atmospheric PCO2) was observed from downstream transect data collected during snowmelt. Isotopic fractionation of DIC due to CO2 outgassing rather than exchange with atmospheric CO2 may be the primary cause of increased δ13C‐DIC values downstream when PCO2 of surface freshwater exceeds twice the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Although CO2 outgassing caused a general increase in stream δ13C‐DIC values, points of localized groundwater seepage into the stream were identified by decreases in δ13C‐DIC and increases in DIC concentration of the stream water superimposed upon the general downstream trend. In addition, comparison between snowmelt, early spring and summer seasons showed that DIC is flushed from shallow groundwater flowpaths during snowmelt and is replaced by a greater proportion of DIC derived from soil CO2 during the early spring growing season. Thus, in spite of effects from CO2 outgassing, δ13C of DIC can be a useful indicator of groundwater additions to headwater streams and a tracer of carbon dynamics in catchments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High D‐glucose reduces SLC29A1 promoter activity and adenosine transport involving specific protein 1 in human umbilical vein endothelium
Authors: Puebla Carlos , Farías Marcelo , González Marcelo , Vecchiola Andrea , Aguayo Claudio , Krause Bernardo , Pastor‐Anglada Marçal , Casanello Paola , Sobrevia Luis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHigh D‐glucose reduces human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)‐mediated adenosine uptake involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2/MAP kinases p42/44 (MEK/ERKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVEC). Since NO represses SLC29A1 gene (hENT1) promoter activity we studied whether D‐glucose‐reduced hENT1‐adenosine transport results from lower SLC29A1 expression in HUVEC primary cultures. HUVEC incubation (24 h) with high D‐glucose (25 mM) reduced hENT1‐adenosine transport and pGL3‐hENT1−1114 construct SLC29A1 reporter activity compared with normal D‐glucose (5 mM). High D‐glucose also reduced pGL3‐hENT1−1114 reporter activity compared with cells transfected with pGL3‐hENT1−795 construct. NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, NOS inhibitor), PD‐98059 (MEK1/2 inhibitor), and/or calphostin C (PKC inhibitor) blocked D‐glucose effects. Insulin (1 nM) and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA, 100 nM, PKC activator), but not 4α‐phorbol 12,13‐didecanoate (4αPDD, 100 nM, PMA less active analogue) reduced hENT1‐adenosine transport. L‐NAME and PD‐98059 blocked insulin effects. L‐NAME, PD‐98059, and calphostin C increased hENT1 expression without altering protein or mRNA stability. High D‐glucose increased Sp1 transcription factor protein abundance and binding to SLC29A1 promoter, phenomena blocked by L‐NAME, PD‐98059, and calphostin C. Sp1 overexpression reduced SLC29A1 promoter activity in normal D‐glucose, an effect reversed by L‐NAME and further reduced by S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐L,D‐penicillamine (SNAP, NO donor) in high D‐glucose. Thus, reduced hENT1‐mediated adenosine transport in high D‐glucose may result from increased Sp1 binding to SLC29A1 promoter down‐regulating hENT1 expression. This phenomenon depends on eNOS, MEK/ERKs, and PKC activity, suggesting potential roles for these molecules in hyperglycemia‐associated endothelial dysfunction. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 645–656, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of uncertainties and predictions over the Pyrenees from a set of regional climate models
Authors: López‐Moreno J. I. , Goyette S. , Beniston M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe used a set of six regional climate models (RCMs) from PRUDENCE project to analyse the uncertainties and direction and magnitude of the expected changes on precipitation and temperature (B2 and A2 scenarios) for the end of the 21st century in the Pyrenees, south of Europe. There have been few studies of climate change effects on this mountain range, though there can be noticeable impacts on the economy and ecology of the region and the surrounding lowlands. The analysis of the accuracy of the RCMs and the impacts of climate change over the region are addressed considering the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution patterns and the inter‐model variability. Previously, the creation of distributed layers of temperature and precipitation from data provided by weather observatories was necessary to assess the ability of RCMs to reproduce the observed climate. Results show that mean biases between observed climate and control runs (1960–1990) are around 20% for precipitation and 1 °C for temperature. At annual basis, a mean decrease of 10.7 and 14.8% in precipitation, and an increase of 2.8 and 4 °C is expected in the next century in the area for A2 and B2 scenarios respectively. Effects of climate change will be more pronounced in the southern slopes of the range (Spanish Pyrenees), and lower in the coastland areas. Moreover, results on accuracy and expected changes are subject to a large spatial and seasonal variability as well, as the six RCMs present noticeable differences on accuracy and sensitivity to climate change forcings. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Prediction of elution bandwidth for purine compounds by a retention model in reversed‐phase HPLC with linear‐gradient elution
Authors: Jin Chun Hua , Lee Ju Weon , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, the retention mechanism of solute has been studied under linearly programmed gradient mobile‐phase conditions. The separation of a mixture of four purine compounds (purine, theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine) was considered as a practical case in two binary mobile phase systems, water/methanol and water/acetonitrile. The retention model which describes how the retention factor is related to the mobile‐phase composition has been developed in various mathematical forms to predict the retention time in both linear and gradient elutions. For a pulse injection of sample, two important factors, the retention time and the bandwidth of solute, might be computable to predict the elution profiles estimated by the distribution function, such as the Gaussian distribution function. In this work, a prediction method based on the analogue of the retention model was proposed to calculate the bandwidth in linear gradient elutions. Band broadening was caused by the different migration velocities of the front and rear ends of the solute band in a chromatographic column. Therefore, the migration behaviors of the front and rear ends of the solute band were explained with the same retention model which had been used to predict the retention time of solute. For the well retained solutes, theophylline and caffeine, the predicted bandwidth and experimentally obtained bandwidth showed good agreement in both isocratic and gradient elutions.
Separation and quantification of lignans in Phyllanthus species by a simple chiral densitometric method
Authors: Srivastava Vandana , Singh Manju , Malasoni Richa , Shanker Karuna , Verma Ram K. , Gupta Madan M. , Gupta Anil K , Khanuja Suman P. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA sensitive, selective, and robust high‐performance TLC (HPTLC) method using chiral TLC plates for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phyllanthin (A), hypophyllanthin (B), niranthin (C), and nirtetralin (D), the active lignans of Phyllanthus species, was developed and validated. The effectiveness and role of various stationary phases viz TLC silica gel 60F254, HPTLC silica gel 60F254, and chiral TLC plates in the quantitation were evaluated. A precoated chiral TLC plate was found suitable for the simultaneous analysis of four pharmacologically active lignans. For achieving good separation, the optimized mobile phase of n‐hexane/acetone/1,4‐dioxane (9:1:0.5 by volume) was used (Rf = 0.30, 0.36, 0.41, and 0.48 for compounds A, B, C, and D, respectively). A densitometric determination of the above compounds was carried out in reflection/absorption mode at 620 nm. Optimized chromatographic conditions provide well‐separated compact bands for the tested lignans. The calibration curves were found linear in the concentration range of 100–500 ng/band. Recoveries of A–D were 99.98, 100.51, 99.22, and 98.74%, respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method reported here is reproducible and applied for the quantitative analysis of the above lignans in the leaves of four Phyllanthus species, i. e., P. amarus, P. maderaspatensis, P. urinaria, and P. virgatus.
Polyetherimide substrates for future high density optical data storage
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPolyetherimide (PEI) substrate for next‐generation high density optical data storage is fabricated and characterized. Cover‐layer incident or first‐surface recording configurations do not require optical properties of the substrate, which are the prerequisite conditions for the conventional material of polycarbonate (PC). Instead of the optical properties, good mechanical properties with a sufficient transcribability are required. Even though PEI has higher glass transition temperature than that of PC, a microscopic transcribability of PEI is comparable with PC by laminating a thermal insulation layer on the backside of a stamper to retard the heat flow. A macroscopic warpage of PEI substrate is smaller than that of PC substrates, which reduces tilt and servo burden. The lowest critical speed coupled with the flutter of PEI substrate is larger than that of PC substrate because of the mechanical properties of PEI. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:97–101, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Numerical simulation of a polypropylene foam bead expansion process
Authors: Nakai Sho , Taki Kentaro , Tsujimura Isao , Ohshima Masahiro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe production process for expanded polypropylene foam beads (EPP), which consists of steaming, depressurizing, cooling, and ageing operations, was consistently simulated by a set of mathematical models. The models, developed from Yang and Lee's ageing models (Yang and Lee,J. Cell. Plast.,39, 59 (2003)) for extrusion foam products, were extended in terms of the fundamental aspects of mass and heat transport phenomena. Evaporation and condensation of blowing agents and heat conduction during the steam chest molding and ageing processes were modeled. The governing equations were established by integrating the mass transfer equations of steam and air at the intercellular walls with the constitutive equations of evaporation and condensation in each cell, the equation of heat conduction from the mold to the foam, and the mechanical force balance equation on the cell walls. The models simulate the stress exerted on the steaming chest mold and predict the expansion behavior of cells in the EPP bead‐foam board throughout the ageing process. A sensitivity analysis was also performed by the models to find the key factors which might allow the theoretical determination of the ejection time and shortening of the length of the ageing process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:107–115, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and thermal characterization of novel poly(tetramethyl‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) derivative with phenol moiety in the main chain
Authors: Niwa Yoshinori , Kouno Shigeki , Sayama Wakako , Nemoto Nobukatsu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNovel poly(tetramethyl‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) derivative with phenol moiety in the main chain, that is, poly(tetramethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) (P1), was synthesized and the thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). P1 was obtained via deprotective hydrogenation of poly(tetramethyl‐5‐benzyloxy‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) (Pre‐P1) catalyzed by 10% palladium on charcoal as well as via direct polycondensation of 3,5‐bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)phenol (M2). Pre‐P1 was obtained by polycondensation of 1,3‐bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)‐5‐benzyloxybenzene (M1), catalyzed by 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium 2‐ethylhexoate. M1 was prepared by the Grignard reaction using chlorodimethylsilane and 1,3‐dibromo‐5‐benzyloxybenzene followed by the hydrolysis catalyzed by 5% palladium on charcoal. M2 was prepared by deprotective hydrogenation of M1 catalyzed by 10% palladium on charcoal. The obtained P1 was soluble in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, and so forth as well as in highly polar solvents as ethanol and methanol in which poly(tetramethyl‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) is insoluble. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of P1 was determined to be 40 °C from DSC, which was much higher than that of poly(tetramethyl‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) (−52 °C), indicating that the intermolecular and/or intramolecular hydrogen bondings based on hydroxyl groups restricted the mobility of the main chain. The temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) of P1 (393 °C) determined by TG was lower than that of poly(tetramethyl‐1,3‐silphenylenesiloxane) (ca. 500 °C), indicating that the phenol moieties decline the thermal stability; however, the obtained P1 would promise to be a new reactive‐polymer with phenolic–hydroxyl moieties to develop new functional materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 692–701, 2008
Linear π‐conjugated polymers containing 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit: Synthesis and optical properties
Authors: Zou Li , Fu Yang , Yan Xiaobing , Chen Xingguo , Qin Jingui 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSome linear π‐conjugated polymers containing 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit were synthesized via Sonogashira or Suzuki reaction for the first time and characterized by IR, NMR, and GPC. Because of the introduction of 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit into π‐conjugated system, all polymers exhibited good thermal stability with high decomposition temperature. Their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Based on the 2,4,6‐tris(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine unit linked with different aromatic rings, the polymers showed the tunable fluorescence from blue to blue‐green emission with satisfied quantum yield. Cyclic voltammetry measurement indicated that the LUMO and HOMO levels of the polymers could be adjustable through the main‐chain structural modification. All polymers had low LUMO level (−2.86 to −3.06 eV) due to the high‐electron affinity of triazine unit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 702–712, 2008
Systematic Management of Postoperative Enterocutaneous Fistulas: Factors Related to Outcomes
Authors: Martinez Jose L. , Luque‐de‐Leon Enrique , Mier Juan , Blanco‐Benavides Roberto , Robledo Felipe 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundMost enterocutaneous fistulas are postoperative in origin. Sepsis, malnutrition, and hydroelectrolytic deficit are still the most important complications to which patients with postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas (PEF) are exposed. Knowledge of prognostic factors related to specific outcomes is essential for therapeutic decision‐making processes.MethodsWe reviewed files of all consecutive patients with PEF treated in our hospital during a 10‐year period. Our aim was to identify factors related to spontaneous closure, need for operative treatment, and mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 174 patients were treated. The most frequent site of origin was the small bowel (90 patients: 48 jejunal, and 42 ileal), followed in frequency by the colon (50 patients). Postoperative enterocutaneous fistula closure was achieved in 151 patients (86%), being spontaneous in 65 (37%) and surgical in 86 (49%). Factors that significantly precluded spontaneous closure were jejunal site, multiple fistulas, sepsis, high output, and hydroelectrolytic deficit at diagnosis or referral. Origin of PEF at our hospital was the only factor significantly associated with spontaneous closure. The most frequent operative indication was PEF persistence without sepsis. Factors significantly associated with the need for operative treatment were high output, jejunal site, and multiple fistulas. Closure was achieved in 84% of patients who underwent operation. A total of 23 patients died (13%). Factors associated with mortality were serum albumin <3.0 g/dl (at diagnosis or referral), high output, hydroelectrolytic deficit, multiple fistulas, jejunal site, sepsis, and a complex fistulous tract.ConclusionsIn spite of advances in management of PEF, the associated morbidity and mortality remain high. Among several variables influencing outcome, our multivariate analysis disclosed high output, jejunal site, multiple fistulas, and sepsis as independent adverse factors related to non‐spontaneous closure, need for operative treatment, and/or death.