bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic, immunological and phylogenetic characterization of Brucella suis urease
Authors: Contreras-Rodriguez Araceli , Quiroz-Limon Jose , Martins Ana M , Peralta Humberto , Avila-Calderon Eric , Sriranganathan Nammalwar , Boyle Stephen M , Lopez-Merino Ahide 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
The sequenced genomes of the Brucella spp. have two urease operons, ure-1 and ure-2, but there is evidence that only one is responsible for encoding an active urease. The present work describes the purification and the enzymatic and phylogenomic characterization of urease from Brucella suis strain 1330. Additionally, the urease reactivity of sera from patients diagnosed with brucellosis was examined.

Results
Urease encoded by the ure-1 operon of Brucella suis strain 1330 was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. The urease was purified 51-fold with a recovery of 12% of the enzyme activity and 0.24% of the total protein. The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5, and showed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 28–35°C. The purified enzyme exhibited a Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics with a K

m
of 5.60 ± 0.69 mM. Hydroxyurea and thiourea are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with Ki of 1.04 ± 0.31 mM and 26.12 ± 2.30 mM, respectively. Acetohydroxamic acid also inhibits the enzyme in a competitive way. The molecular weight estimated for the native enzyme was between 130–135 kDa by gel filtration chromatography and 157 ± 7 kDa using 5–10% polyacrylamide gradient non-denaturing gel. Only three subunits in SDS-PAGE were identified: two small subunits of 14,000 Da and 15,500 Da, and a major subunit of 66,000 Da. The amino terminal sequence of the purified large subunit corresponded to the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by ureC1. The UreC1 subunit was recognized by sera from patients with acute and chronic brucellosis. By phylogenetic and cluster structure analyses, ureC1 was related to the ureC typically present in the Rhizobiales; in contrast, the ureC2 encoded in the ure-2 operon is more related to distant species.

Conclusion
We have for the first time purified and characterized an active urease from B. suis. The enzyme was characterized at the kinetic, immunological and phylogenetic levels. Our results confirm that the active urease of B. suis is a product of ure-1 operon.
Mutagenic effects of cutting fluids and components in the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay
Authors: Kleber Marcus , Blaszkewicz Meinolf , Lucas Stephanie , Bolt Hermann M , Föllmann Wolfram 
Published: July 2008

Emulsions of water-soluble cutting fluids (wsCF) are used in large quantities in the metal industry. In order to reduce the costs for use and disposal of these fluids, new technologies are being introduced. Minimist Lubricant Supply (MLS) uses only minimal amounts of cutting fluids. In contrast to conventional wsCF, which are complex multicompound mixtures, MLS cutting fluids are composed of one or two components only, like fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters. The aim of the study was to identify and compare the mutagenic potential of these cutting fluids as a first indicator of a possible hazard of systemic effects after inhalation or dermal absorption of the fluids at the workplace. The Salmonella typhimurium assay (Ames assay) was used as a screening method to detect mutagenic effects of cutting fluids. Conventional wsCF and MLS cutting fluids were tested in the strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102 and TA 104, in the presence and absence of an external metabolizing enzyme system (rat liver S9-mix), using a preincubation (20 min) test protocol. For MLS fluids, no mutagenicity was found in a concentration range between 1 and 10 mg/plate in the Ames assay. Among five tested conventional wsCF, two were mutagenic in the Ames assay at concentration ranges between 2.5 and 15 mg/plate. In cooperation with the manufacturer, 18 defined components of cutting fluids were tested separately. The results revealed that formaldehyde generators, derivatives of oxazolidine and hexahydrotriazine used as biocides for preservation of the fluids, were mutagenic. Four components were nonmutagenic but cytotoxic, whereas the remaining components displayed no bacterial mutagenicity. The present results show the potential hazard of biocides for workers handling these fluids. An exposure via inhalation and/or dermal absorption could cause an additional risk due to mutagenic ingredients. Under aspects of workers’ safety, a further discussion about the use of specific components in cutting fluids is recommended.
Bent Donor Molecules and Their Charge-transfer Salts with Magnetic FeIII and CuII Ions
Authors: Sugimoto Toyonari 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
New donor molecules with a bent molecular skeleton, tetrathiafulvalenoquinone(-thioquinone)-1,3-dithiole(-diselenole)methides are synthesized, which are used for the preparation of charge-transfer (CT) salts with magnetic FeIII and CuII ions. The CT salts with FeX4− (X = Cl and Br) ions have such crystal structures that are composed of alternating layers of the donor molecules and the FeX4− ions. On the other hand, for the CT salts with CuII ions the donor molecules or both the donor molecules and the CuII ions are stacked to each other to form one-dimensional channels, where the other CuI and/or CuII ions are included inside. Depending on the stacking structures of the donor molecules electrical conducting properties are metallic, semiconducting or insulating. The d spins of the FeIII and CuII ions interact by themselves and also with the conducting π electrons of the donor molecules, bringing about ferromagnetic, weak ferromagnetic, or antiferromagnetic orderings.
Synthesis and Characterization of Doped Rare Earth Oxides for Environmentally Benign Nontoxic Reddish-yellow Pigments
Authors: Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan , Aby Chervathoor Poulose , Nair Balachandran Unni 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Ce10PrxWyOz, where x and y varied from 0.075 to 0.6 solid solutions of oxides of Ce, Pr, and W have been synthesized by solid-state route with a goal of employing them as environmentally friendly reddish-yellow colorants. Pigments were highly crystalline, chemically stable and could be employed for surface coating.
A New Method for the Generation of Indole-2,3-quinodimethanes from Allenamides
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Tako Tomomi , Ebine Makoto , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
A new method for the generation of indole-2,3-quinodimethanes based on a palladium-catalyzed cascade process starting from N-(o-iodophenyl)allenamides has been developed.
Redox Gradations in Ruthenium Porphycene Complexes and the Porphyrin Analogs: Axial and Macrocyclic Ligand Effects
Authors: Okawara Toru , Abe Masaaki , Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This paper reports synthesis and electrochemistry of six-coordinate ruthenium porphyrin isomers including six novel porphycene complexes with substituted pyridines in the axial positions, in which redox potential control of reversible RuII/RuIII processes is successfully achieved over a 0.7-V potential region by varying the axial ligands and tetrapyrrole ligand structure and substituents.
Time to virological failure with atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir, with or without an H2-receptor blocker, not significantly different in HIV observational database study
Authors: Keiser Philip H , Nassar Naiel 
Published: July 2008

Summary A retrospective electronic database study was conducted to determine any differences in time to virological failure and percent of virological failure among HIV-infected patients concurrently receiving H2-blockers versus patients not receiving these agents while receiving atazanavir (ATV)/ritonavir (r) or lopinavir (LPV)/r-containing antiretroviral treatment regimens. Data were culled from October 2003 (when ATV became commercially available) through February 2006. Virological failure was defined as (1) two plasma HIV-1 RNA levels >400 copies/mL after at least one HIV-1 RNA level below the level of detection or (2) failure to achieve an HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL within 24 weeks. Data from 267 ATV/r-treated patients who met the case definition were compared with data from 670 LPV/r-treated patients. Approximately 10% of the ATV/r group received concurrent H2-blockers when compared with 20% of the LPV/r group. Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant differences regarding time to virological failure between or among the four subgroups, adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics ( P = 0.79, log-rank test). At 750 days following treatment initiation, the proportion of patients not experiencing virological failure was 56% in the ATV/r-blocker subgroup, 48% in the ATV/r-alone subgroup, 45% in the LPV/r-alone subgroup and 42% in the LPV/r-blocker subgroup.
Three Dimensions of Environmental History
Authors: Hughes J. Donald 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Historians are sometimes accused of being light on theory, and environmental historians have not escaped this criticism, sometimes deserved. This essay maintains that environmental historians should increasingly investigate theoretical aspects of their subject, and encourages more prevalent reasoned discourse between multiple viewpoints. The essay does not set forth a theoretical structure, but explores three dimensions that may help to plan such a structure. The first dimension, concerning the subject of the field, is the culture-nature continuum. The second dimension is concerned with method, and lies along the continuum between history and science. The third dimension is one of scale and considers time and space as coordinates of definition. There are obviously other dimensions to explore. These reflections are offered tentatively, in hopes that this piece may serve as an opening to an interesting discussion among colleagues.
Book Reviews
Authors: Herring Horace , Rothlisberger John D. , Steinhart Edward I. , Twine Wayne , Evenden Matthew , Crook D.S. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Paul Sabin, Crude Politics: The California Oil Market, 1900-1940 (HORACE HERRING)
Mark Lytle, The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson and the Rise of the Environmental Movement (JOHN D. ROTHLISBERGER)
Jan Bender Shetler, Imagining Serengeti: A History of Landscape Memory in Tanzania from Earliest Times to the Present (EDWARD I. STEINHART)
David Fig (ed.), Staking Their Claims: Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in South Africa (WAYNE TWINE)
Karl Boyd Brooks, Public Power, Private Dams: The Hell's Canyon High Dam Controversy (MATTHEW EVENDEN)
Laxman D. Satya, Ecology, Colonialism, and Cattle: Central India in the Nineteenth Century (D.S. CROOK)
Flashbulb memory for 11 September 2001
Authors: Conway Andrew R. A. , Skitka Linda J. , Hemmerich Joshua A. , Kershaw Trina C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe recollection of particularly salient, surprising or consequential events is often called ‘flashbulb memories’. We tested people's autobiographical memory for details of 11 September 2001 by gathering a large national random sample (N = 678) of people's reports immediately following the attacks, and then by contacting them twice more, in September 2002 and August 2003. Three novel findings emerged. First, memory consistency did not vary as a function of demographic variables such as gender, geographical location, age or education. Second, memory consistency did not vary as a function of whether memory was tested before or after the 1‐year anniversary of the event, suggesting that media coverage associated with the anniversary did not impact memory. Third, the conditional probability of consistent recollection in 2003 given consistent recollection in 2002 was p = .73. In contrast, the conditional probability of consistent recollection in 2003 given inconsistent recollection in 2002 was p = .18. Finally, and in agreement with several prior studies, confidence in memory far exceeded consistency in the long term. Also, those respondents who revealed evidence for consistent flashbulb memory experienced more anxiety in response to the event, and engaged in more covert rehearsal than respondents who did not reveal evidence for consistent flashbulb memory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond agropiracy: the case of italian pasta in the United States retail market
Authors: Luigi Cembalo , Gianni Cicia , Teresa Del Giudice , Riccardo Scarpa , Carolina Tagliafierro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTogether with the benefit due to the worldwide increase in consumer interest in traditional European food style, a growing phenomenon of agropiracy has taken place. Firms' marketing strategies tend to concentrate on product purity while we believe there exists a well‐defined path worth: 1. introduction of a traditional (original) product on international markets; 2. local firms' imitation of the successful good; 3. local firms redesigning original products according to local consumption models and preferences. A representative sample of American consumers were interviewed in 12 US cities. Econometric analysis results suggest that a strategy aimed at emphasizing the authenticity of the origin of any product may not lead to any improvement in its market share, but it might very likely affect that market as a whole. Products should be offered as part of a sort of traditional product package to promote food habits rather than just commodities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of perceived e‐business risks in food‐supply networks: e‐trust as prerequisite for supply‐chain system innovation
Authors: Fritz Melanie , Canavari Maurizio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVertical coordination in food networks is characterized by dynamically changing supply and marketing relationships. E‐business provides support and improvement options for vertical coordination processes in food networks. However, adoption of e‐business in food networks is low as available e‐business offers, as the communication of safeguards for trust and control as a basis for the transaction decision is not realized appropriately. This article analyzes decision preferences for trust generation as the basis for the design of e‐business environments for food networks. The analytic hierarchy process is applied to prioritize preferences for different transaction scenarios in food networks. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collaborative pull innovation: origins and adoption in the new economy
Authors: Weaver Robert D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article argues that collaboration has been a key piston in the engine that is driving economic growth in the new millennium. Innovation in information technology, institutions, and strategic reorientation of technological change has opened opportunity, and competition has put strong imperatives in play for collaborative innovation. First, these imperatives have forced a reorientation of private enterprise from push to pull systems. Second, they have catalyzed a strategic unbundling of integrated firms to create specialized enterprises with enhanced productivity and flexibility, though with increased demand for virtual integration through less formal relationships to establish and manage collaboration. This article presents the hypothesis that these changes induced a fundamentally new dynamic in innovation processes that we label as collaborative pull innovation. This new form of innovation encompasses and directs product, process, and organizational innovation toward fulfilling consumer demand. To examine this hypothesis, the nature of private‐sector innovation is assessed within the context of the food sector. This sector is of special interest due to important roles played by small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information, labelling, and vertical coordination: an analysis of the Italian meat supply networks
Authors: Banterle Alessandro , Stranieri Stefanella 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAfter the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, the European Union (EU) introduced mandatory and voluntary labelling for meat products to reduce the food safety concerns of consumers and to ensure a better distribution of liability among agents of the meat supply chain. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether voluntary traceability labelling, introduced by Regulation 1760/2000, can be considered a useful instrument for both the producers and consumers of meat products. Attention is focused on the vertical coordination effects of introducing voluntary labelling along the beef chain and on the interest the Italian consumer shows in labelled information on meat products. Two surveys were conducted: one addressing Italian meat organizations that signed voluntary labelling agreements and the other a sample of 1,025 Italian consumers. With regard to supply, the survey revealed that improved traceability led to a better redistribution of liability among the agents of the meat supply chain and to a strengthening of vertical agreements. Regarding the consumers, the results showed a notable consumer interest in the labelled information such as the meat origin and the information related to the system of cattle breeding, cattle feeding, and the date of slaughtering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.,
Crystal‐Packing‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Interactions of Metallocenes: Cyanonickelocenes, ‐cobaltocenes, and ‐ferrocenes
Authors: Altmannshofer Sandra , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Köhler Frank H. , Miller Robert , Mölle Rüdiger , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Train Cyrille 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe cyano‐substituted metallocenes [M(C5H4CN)2] (M=Fe, 1; Co, 2; Ni 3) and [M(C5Me5)(C5H4CN)] (M=Fe, 4; Co, 5; Ni, 6) were synthesized in yields up to 58 % by treating K(C5H4CN) or Tl(C5H4CN) with suitable transition‐metal precursors. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the oxidation and reduction potentials of all the cyanometallocenes were shifted to positive values by up to 0.8 V. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis showed that 1 had eclipsed ligands, formed planes in the lattice, and—unlike usual metallocenes—lined up in stacks perpendicular to these planes. Powder X‐ray studies established that 1 and 2 are isotypic. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded for all the new compounds. Signal shifts of up to δ=1500 ppm were recorded for the paramagnetic molecules 2 and 3 and were, at a given temperature, strikingly different for solution and solid‐state spectra. These results pointed to antiferromagnetic interactions as a consequence of molecular ordering in the lattice, as confirmed by magnetic measurements. The temperature‐dependent susceptibilities were reproduced by Heisenberg spin‐chain models (H=−J$\mathrel{\mathop{\sum}\limits^{n- 1}\limits_{i=1}}$SiSi+1), thus yielding J=−28.3 and −10.3 cm−1 for 2 and 3, respectively, whereas J=−11.8 cm−1 was obtained for 3 from the Ising spin‐chain model. In accordance with molecular orbital (MO) considerations, much spin density was found to be delocalized not only on the cyclopentadienyl ligand but also the cyano substituents. The magnetic interaction was interpreted as a Heitler–London spin exchange and was analyzed based on how the interaction depends on the singly occupied MOs and the shift of parallel metallocenes relative to each other.
The osteoclast: A multinucleated, hematopoietic‐origin, bone‐resorbing osteoimmune cell
Authors: Bar‐Shavit Zvi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe article to which this erratum refers was published in J Cell Biochem (2007) 102: 1130–1139. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automorphisms of higher‐dimensional Hadamard matrices
Authors: de Launey Warwick , Stafford Richard M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article derives from first principles a definition of equivalence for higher‐dimensional Hadamard matrices and thereby a definition of the automorphism group for higher‐dimensional Hadamard matrices. Our procedure is quite general and could be applied to other kinds of designs for which there are no established definitions for equivalence or automorphism. Given a two‐dimensional Hadamard matrix H of order ν, there is a Product Construction which gives an order ν proper n‐dimensional Hadamard matrix P(n)(H). We apply our ideas to the matrices P(n)(H). We prove that there is a constant c > 1 such that any Hadamard matrix H of order ν > 2 gives rise via the Product Construction to cν inequivalent proper three‐dimensional Hadamard matrices of order ν. This corrects an erroneous assertion made in the literature that ”P(n)(H) is equivalent to “P(n)(H′) whenever H is equivalent to H′.” We also show how the automorphism group of P(n)(H) depends on the structure of the automorphism group of H. As an application of the above ideas, we determine the automorphism group of P(n)(Hk) when Hk is a Sylvester Hadamard matrix of order 2k. For ν = 4, we exhibit three distinct families of inequivalent Product Construction matrices P(n)(H) where H is equivalent to H2. These matrices each have large but non‐isomorphic automorphism groups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 507–544, 2008
Sexually dimorphic expression of pituitary glycoprotein hormones in a sex‐changing fish (Pseudolabrus sieboldi)
Authors: Ohta Kohei , Mine Takayuki , Yamaguchi Akihiko , Matsuyama Michiya 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is involved in gonadal sex change in socially controlled sex‐changing fish. However, the specific secretion profiles of pituitary gonadotropins (GtHs) in this type of fish are not known. To address this fundamental question, we demonstrated that the diurnal secretion patterns of GtHs differ distinctly between males and females in a socially controlled sex‐changing fish. We analyzed the pituitary mRNA levels of glycoprotein hormone subunits (i.e., the common α‐subunit and specific β‐subunits follicle‐stimulating hormone β, luteinizing hormone β, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone β) in the wrasse Pseudolabrus sieboldi, which is a model fish that exhibits accurate diurnal rhythms of gametogenesis in both males and females. Northern blots clearly showed that each subunit gene exhibits a diurnal rhythm of expression in the pituitary and that the expression patterns differ distinctly between the sexes. Our results suggest that oogenesis and spermatogenesis in this hermaphroditic fish are regulated differentially through the distinct secretion patterns of pituitary glycoprotein hormones. This study also provides direct evidence of the sexual plasticity of pituitary GtH secretion in a socially controlled sex‐changing fish. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:534–541, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.