bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The botanical integrity of wheat products influences the gastric distention and satiety in healthy subjects
Authors: Hlebowicz Joanna , Lindstedt Sandra , Björgell Ola , Höglund Peter , Almér Lars-Olof , Darwiche Gassan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Background
Maintenance of the botanical integrity of cereal kernels and the addition of acetic acid (as vinegar) in the product or meal has been shown to lower the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response and to increase satiety. However, the mechanism behind the benefits of acetic acid on blood glucose and satiety is not clear. We hypothesized that the gastric emptying rate could be involved. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of maintained botanical integrity of cereals and the presence of acetic acid (vinegar) on gastric emptying rate (GER), postprandial blood glucose and satiety.

Methods
Fifteen healthy subjects were included in a blinded crossover trial, and thirteen of the subjects completed the study. Equicarbohydrate amounts of the following wheat-based meals were studied: white wheat bread, whole-kernel wheat bread or wholemeal wheat bread served with white wine vinegar. The results were compared with a reference meal consisting of white wheat bread without vinegar. The GER was measured with standardized real-time ultrasonography using normal fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/l or plasma glucose <7.0 mmol/l as an inclusion criterion. The GER was calculated as the percentage change in the antral cross-sectional area 15 and 90 minutes after ingestion of the various meals. Satiety scores were estimated and blood glucose was measured before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal.

Results
The whole-kernel wheat bread with vinegar resulted in significantly higher (<0.05) satiety than the wholemeal wheat bread and white wheat bread with vinegar and the reference bread. Wheat fiber present in the wholemeal wheat bread, or the presence of wheat kernels per se, did not affect the postprandial blood glucose or GER significantly compared with white wheat bread, neither did the addition of vinegar to white bread affect these variables. There was no correlation found between the satiety with antral areas or GER

Conclusion
The present study shows higher satiety after a whole-kernel wheat bread meal with vinegar. This may be explained by increased antral distension after ingestion of intact cereal kernels but, in this study, not by a lower gastric emptying rate or higher postprandial blood glucose response.

Trial registration
NTR1116
Whole tumor antigen vaccination using dendritic cells: Comparison of RNA electroporation and pulsing with UV-irradiated tumor cells
Authors: Benencia Fabian , Courrèges Maria C , Coukos George 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Because of the lack of full characterization of tumor associated antigens for solid tumors, whole antigen use is a convenient approach to tumor vaccination. Tumor RNA and apoptotic tumor cells have been used as a source of whole tumor antigen to prepare dendritic cell (DC) based tumor vaccines, but their efficacy has not been directly compared. Here we compare directly RNA electroporation and pulsing of DCs with whole tumor cells killed by ultraviolet (UV) B radiation using a convenient tumor model expressing human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes. Although both approaches led to DCs presenting tumor antigen, electroporation with tumor cell total RNA induced a significantly higher frequency of tumor-reactive IFN-gamma secreting T cells, and E7-specific CD8+ lymphocytes compared to pulsing with UV-irradiated tumor cells. DCs electroporated with tumor cell RNA induced a larger tumor infiltration by T cells and produced a significantly stronger delay in tumor growth compared to DCs pulsed with UV-irradiated tumor cells. We conclude that electroporation with whole tumor cell RNA and pulsing with UV-irradiated tumor cells are both effective in eliciting antitumor immune response, but RNA electroporation results in more potent tumor vaccination under the examined experimental conditions.
Imbalanced effector and regulatory cytokine responses may underlie mycobacterial immune restoration disease
Authors: Lim Andrew , D'Orsogna Lloyd , Price Patricia , French Martyn A 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Immune restoration disease (IRD) is an adverse consequence of antiretroviral therapy, where the restored pathogen-specific response causes immunopathology. Mycobacteria are the pathogens that most frequently provoke IRD and mycobacterial IRD is a common cause of morbidity in HIV-infected patients co-infected with mycobacteria. We hypothesised that the excessive effector immune response in mycobacterial IRD reflects impaired regulation by IL-10.

Results
We studied two patients who experienced mycobacterial IRD during ART. One patient developed a second episode of IRD with distinct clinical characteristics. Findings were compared with patients 'at risk' of developing IRD who had uneventful immune recovery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all subjects were stimulated with mycobacterial antigens in the form of purified protein derivative (PPD). Supernatants were assayed for IFNγ and IL-10. In response to PPD, PBMC from IRD patients generated IFNγ during the first IRD episode, whilst cells from non-IRD controls produced more IL-10.

Conclusion
We present preliminary data from two HIV-infected patients showing an imbalance between IFNγ and IL-10 responses to mycobacterial antigens during mycobacterial IRD. Our findings suggest that imbalanced effector and regulatory cytokine responses should be investigated as a cause of IRD.
Release of Glutamate and CGRP from Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons: Role of Calcium Channels and 5-HT1Receptor Signaling
Authors: Xiao Yan , Richter Judith A , Hurley Joyce H 
Published: April 2008

Background:The aberrant release of the neurotransmitters, glutamate and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), from trigeminal neurons has been implicated in migraine. The voltage-gated P/Q-type calcium channel has a critical role in controlling neurotransmitter release and has been linked to Familial Hemiplegic Migraine. Therefore, we examined the importance of voltage-dependent calcium channels in controlling release of glutamate and CGRP from trigeminal ganglion neurons isolated from male and female rats and grown in culture. Serotonergic pathways are likely involved in migraine, as triptans, a class of 5-HT1receptor agonists, are effective in the treatment of migraine and their effectiveness may be due to inhibiting neurotransmitter release from trigeminal neurons. We also studied the effect of serotonin receptor activation on release of glutamate and CGRP from trigeminal neurons grown in culture.Results:P/Q-, N- and L-type channels each mediate a significant fraction of potassium-stimulated release of glutamate and CGRP. We determined that 5-HT significantly inhibits potassium-stimulated release of both glutamate and CGRP. Serotonergic inhibition of both CGRP and glutamate release can be blocked by pertussis toxin and NAS-181, a 5-HT1B/1Dantagonist. Stimulated release of CGRP is unaffected by Y-25130, a 5-HT3antagonist and SB 200646, a 5-HT2B/2Cantagonist.Conclusion:These data suggest that release of both glutamate and CGRP from trigeminal neurons is controlled by calcium channels and modulated by 5-HT signaling in a pertussis-toxin dependent manner and probably via 5-HT1receptor signaling. This is the first characterization of glutamate release from trigeminal neurons grown in culture.
Similarity of DMD gene deletion and duplication in the Chinese patients compared to global populations
Authors: Wang Xiaozhu , Wang Zheng , Yan Ming , Huang Shangzhi , Chen Tian-Jian , Zhong Nanbert 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
DNA deletion and duplication were determined as the major mutation underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).

Method
Applying multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), we have analyzed 179 unrelated DMD/BMD subjects from northern China.

Results
Seventy-three percent of the subjects were found having a deletion (66.25%) or duplication (6.25%). Exons 51–52 were detected as the most common fragment deleted in single-exon deletion, and the region of exons 45–50 was the most common exons deleted in multi-exon deletions. About 90% of DMD/BMD cases carry a small size deletion that involves 10 exons or less, 26.67% of which carry a single-exon deletion. Most of the smaller deletions resulted in an out-of-frame mutation. The most common exons deleted were determined to be between exon 48 and exon 52, with exon 50 was the model allele. Verifying single-exon deletion, one sample with a deletion of exon 53 that was initially observed from MLPA showed that there was a single base deletion that abolished the ligation site in MLPA. Confirmation of single-exon deletion is recommended to exclude single base deletion or mutation at the MLPA ligation site.

Conclusion
The frequency of deletion and duplication in northern China is similar to global ethnic populations.
14-3-3 theta binding to cell cycle regulatory factors is enhanced by HIV-1 Vpr
Authors: Bolton Diane L , Barnitz Robert A , Sakai Keiko , Lenardo Michael J 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Despite continuing advances in our understanding of AIDS pathogenesis, the mechanism of CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV-1-infected individuals remains unclear. The HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein causes cell death, likely through a mechanism related to its ability to arrest cells in the G2,M phase. Recent evidence implicated the scaffold protein, 14-3-3, in Vpr cell cycle blockade.

Results
We found that in human T cells, 14-3-3 plays an active role in mediating Vpr-induced cell cycle arrest and reveal a dramatic increase in the amount of Cdk1, Cdc25C, and CyclinB1 bound to 14-3-3 θ during Vprv-induced G2,M arrest. By contrast, a cell-cycle-arrest-dead Vpr mutant failed to augment 14-3-3 θ association with Cdk1 and CyclinB1. Moreover, G2,M arrest caused by HIV-1 infection strongly correlated with a disruption in 14-3-3 θ binding to centrosomal proteins, Plk1 and centrin. Finally, Vpr caused elevated levels of CyclinB1, Plk1, and Cdk1 in a complex with the nuclear transport and spindle assembly protein, importin β.

Conclusion
Thus, our data reveal a new facet of Vpr-induced cell cycle arrest involving previously unrecognized abnormal rearrangements of multiprotein assemblies containing key cell cycle regulatory proteins.

Reviewers
This article was reviewed by David Kaplan, Nathaniel R. Landau and Yan Zhou.
Effectiveness of computer-tailored Smoking Cessation Advice in Primary Care (ESCAPE): a Randomised Trial
Authors: Gilbert Hazel , Nazareth Irwin , Sutton Stephen , Morris Richard , Godfrey Christine 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Smoking remains a major public health problem; developing effective interventions to encourage more quit attempts, and to improve the success rate of self-quit attempts, is essential to reduce the numbers of people who smoke. Interventions for smoking cessation can be characterised in two extremes: the intensive face-to face therapy of the clinical approach, and large-scale, public health interventions and policy initiatives. Computer-based systems offer a method for generating highly tailored behavioural feedback letters, and can bridge the gap between these two extremes. Proactive mailing and recruitment can also serve as a prompt to motivate smokers to make quit attempts or to seek more intensive help. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of personally tailored feedback reports, sent to smokers identified from general practitioners lists on quit rates and quitting activity. The trial uses a modified version of a computer-based system developed by two of the authors to generate individually tailored feedback reports.

Method
A random sample of cigarette smokers, aged between 18 and 65, identified from GP records at a representative selection of practices registered with the GPRF are sent a questionnaire. Smokers returning the questionnaire are randomly allocated to a control group to receive usual care and standard information, or to an intervention group to receive usual care and standard information plus tailored feedback reports. Smoking status and cognitive change will be assessed by postal questionnaire at 6-months.

Discussion
Computer tailored personal feedback, adapted to reading levels and motivation to quit, is a simple and inexpensive intervention which could be widely replicated and delivered cost effectively to a large proportion of the smoking population. Given its recruitment potential, a modest success rate could have a large effect on public health. The intervention also fits into the broader scope of tobacco control, by prompting more quit attempts, and increasing referrals to specialised services. The provision of this option to smokers in primary care can complement existing services, and work synergistically with other measures to produce more quitters and reduce the prevalence of smoking in the UK.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN05385712
Large asymptomatic Left Atrial Myxoma with ossification: case report
Authors: Panagiotou Mattheos , Panagopoulos Nikolaos D , Ravazoula Panagiota , Kaklamanis Loukas , Koletsis Efstratios N 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. They are usually small or moderate in size by the time of the diagnosis, exhibiting non specific cardiac or systemic symptoms, and are most frequently soft and friable without microscopic signs of ossification. We describe herein an extremely rare case of an asymptomatic giant left atrial myxoma with angiographic neovascularization and ossification.

Case presentation
An asymptomatic 58-year-old male with a giant left atrial tumor, was transferred to our Unit for surgical treatment. The tumor was an incidental finding during a work-up for hemoptysis due to bronchectasis. The coronary angiogram showed tumor vessels originating from the RCA. The tumor macroscopically did not resemble a myxoma, considering its dimensions (12 × 10 cm) and its solid substance. The mass was excised together with the interatrial septum and the right lateral LA wall close to the right pulmonary veins orifices. The defect was closed with Dacron patches in order to prevent malformation of both atria. The pathology study revealed a benign myxoma with excessive osteoid (mature bone) content.

Conclusion
We consider our case as extremely rare because of the asymptomatic course despite the large size of the tumor, the blood supply from the right coronary artery and the bone formation.
Characterisation of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the Azorean population, Terceira island
Authors: Dutra Isa , Santos Margarida R , Soares Marta , Couto Ana R , Bruges-Armas Maria , Teixeira Fernando , Monjardino Luísa , Hodgson Shirley , Bruges-Armas Jácome 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus detection is very important for the evaluation of prevention strategies in cervical cancer. In the Azorean population, the virus prevalence has never been studied, and there is no data available to preview a successful outcome with HPV vaccination. In this article, our objective is to characterise the HPV genotypes in Terceira Island, contributing for the epidemiological knowledge on the virus infection.

Results
Cervical samples were collected from 289 women aged 16–81 in the Gynaecological Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Santo Espírito de Angra do Heroísmo (HSEAH). HPV DNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction using the general consensus primers PGMYO9/PGMY11. Commercially available Papillomavirus Clinical Arrays® kits (Genomica) were used to perform HPV genotyping. 30 women were HPV positive, with a median age of 41 years old. Our results show that the overall HPV prevalence was 10.49%. Seventeen genotypes were identified, including 58.82% high risk, 17.65% low risk and 23.53% undetermined risk.

Conclusion
Unlike other epidemiological studies, HPV31 was the most frequent type (26.67%) in Terceira Island, followed by HPV16 (10.00%), HPV51, HPV53, HPV70 and HPV82 (6.67%). Further studies are needed to investigate if the HPV types found in our population are associated with the risk of progression to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer.
Expanding the clinical phenotype of the 3q29 microdeletion syndrome and characterization of the reciprocal microduplication
Authors: Ballif Blake C , Theisen Aaron , Coppinger Justine , Gowans Gordon C , Hersh Joseph H , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta , Schmidt Karen R , Tervo Raymond , Escobar Luis F , Friedrich Christopher A , McDonald Marie , Campbell Lindsey , Ming Jeffrey E , Zackai Elaine H , Bejjani Bassem A , Shaffer Lisa G 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Interstitial deletions of 3q29 have been recently described as a microdeletion syndrome mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between low-copy repeats resulting in an ~1.6 Mb common-sized deletion. Given the molecular mechanism causing the deletion, the reciprocal duplication is anticipated to occur with equal frequency, although only one family with this duplication has been reported.

Results
In this study we describe 14 individuals with microdeletions of 3q29, including one family with a mildly affected mother and two affected children, identified among 14,698 individuals with idiopathic mental retardation who were analyzed by array CGH. Eleven individuals had typical 1.6-Mb deletions. Three individuals had deletions that flank, span, or partially overlap the commonly deleted region. Although the clinical presentations of individuals with typical-sized deletions varied, several features were present in multiple individuals, including mental retardation and microcephaly. We also identified 19 individuals with duplications of 3q29, five of which appear to be the reciprocal duplication product of the 3q29 microdeletion and 14 of which flank, span, or partially overlap the common deletion region. The clinical features of individuals with microduplications of 3q29 also varied with few common features. De novo and inherited abnormalities were found in both the microdeletion and microduplication cohorts illustrating the need for parental samples to fully characterize these abnormalities.

Conclusion
Our report demonstrates that array CGH is especially suited to identify chromosome abnormalities with unclear or variable presentations.
Position of chromosomes 18, 19, 21 and 22 in 3D-preserved interphase nuclei of human and gorilla and white hand gibbon
Authors: Manvelyan Marina , Hunstig Friederike , Mrasek Kristin , Bhatt Samarth , Pellestor Franck , Weise Anja , Liehr Thomas 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Even though comparative nuclear architecture studies in hominoids are sparse, nuclear chromosome architecture was shown to be conserved during hominoid evolution. Thus, it is suspected that yet unknown biological mechanisms must underlie this observation.

Results
Here for the first time a combination of multicolor banding (MCB) and three-dimensional analysis of interphase cells was used to characterize the position and orientation of human chromosomes #18, #19, #21 and #22 and their homologues in primate B-lymphocytic cells. In general, our data is in concordance with previous studies. The position of the four studied human chromosomes and their homologues were conserved during primate evolution. However, comparison of interphase architecture in human B-lymphocytic cells and sperm revealed differences of localization of acrocentric chromosomes. The latter might be related to the fact that the nucleolus organizing region is not active in sperm.

Conclusion
Studies in different tissue types may characterize more – potentially biologically relevant differences in nuclear architecture.
An eosinophil immune response characterizes the inflammatory skin disease observed in Tie-2 transgenic mice
Authors: Voskas Daniel , Babichev Yael , Ling Ling S , Alami Jennifer , Shaked Yuval , Kerbel Robert S , Ciruna Brian , Dumont Daniel J 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough mouse models of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis fail to completely phenocopy disease in humans, they provide invaluable tools to examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the epidermal hyperplasia, inflammation, and excess angiogenesis observed in human disease. We have previously characterized a tyrosine kinase with immunoglobin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domain-2 (Tie-2) transgenic mouse model of an inflammatory skin disease exhibiting these features. More specifically, we demonstrated that the inflammatory component consisted of increased infiltration of CD3-positive T lymphocytes and mast cells in the skin. Here, we further characterize the inflammatory component in the blood and skin of Tie-2 transgenic mice at cellular and molecular levels. We observed increased numbers of CD3-positive T lymphocytes in the blood and increased infiltration of eosinophils in the skin. Furthermore, we characterized cytokine protein and gene expression in the blood and skin, respectively, and observed the deregulated expression of cytokines associated with Th1 and eosinophil immune responses. Interestingly, treatment of Tie-2 transgenic mice with anti-CD4 antibody appeared to resolve aspects of inflammation but did not resolve epidermal hyperplasia, suggesting an important role for eosinophils in mediating the inflammatory skin disease observed in Tie-2 transgenic mice.
An antibody against the surfactant protein A (SP-A)-binding domain of the SP-A receptor inhibits T cell-mediated immune responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Samten Buka , Townsend James C , Sever-Chroneos Zvjezdana , Pasquinelli Virginia , Barnes Peter F , Chroneos Zissis C 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSurfactant protein A (SP-A) suppresses lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 secretion, in part, by binding to its receptor, SP-R210. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood. Here, we studied the effect of antibodies against the SP-A-binding (neck) domain (α-SP-R210n) or nonbinding C-terminal domain (α-SP-R210ct) of SP-R210 on human peripheral blood T cell immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrated that both antibodies bind to more than 90% of monocytes and 5–10% of CD3+ T cells in freshly isolated PBMC. Stimulation of PBMC from healthy tuberculin reactors [purified protein derivative-positive (PPD+)] with heat-killed M. tuberculosis induced increased antibody binding to CD3+ cells. Increased antibody binding suggested enhanced expression of SP-R210, and this was confirmed by Western blotting. The antibodies (α-SP-R210n) cross-linking the SP-R210 through the SP-A-binding domain markedly inhibited cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion by PBMC from PPD+ donors in response to heat-killed M. tuberculosis, whereas preimmune IgG and antibodies (α-SP-R210ct) cross-linking SP-R210 through the non-SP-A-binding, C-terminal domain had no effect. Anti-SP-R210n also decreased M. tuberculosis-induced production of TNF-α but increased production of IL-10. Inhibition of IFN-γ production by α-SP-R210n was abrogated by the combination of neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 and TGF-β1. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that SP-A, via SP-R210, suppresses cell-mediated immunity against M. tuberculosis via a mechanism that up-regulates secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1.