bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Perspective on Exploration Prospect Analysis: A Case Study on the Central Luconia Carbonates, Sarawak, East Malaysia
Authors: Wan Embong Wan Mohd Zaizuri , Mohamad Hamdan Bin , Mansor Nor Kartini Suriati 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
More than 70% of major gas discoveries in Malaysia are found within carbonate reservoirs of the Central Luconia Province, offshore Sarawak. The carbonates occur in the form of platforms and pinnacles of Middle to Late Miocene age encased in a coastal to shallow marine clastic succession. Despite the considerable historic success, current exploration activity in the region is relatively low and 3D seismic coverage is limited to the producing fields.
During the 3rd Production Sharing Contract Round in 1995, less than 30% of the identified carbonate structures had been drilled and this situation has only slightly changed over subsequent years.
Many of the remaining carbonate structures (mostly pinnacles and some platforms) were downgraded in the past due to perceived exploration risks such as:Many Pinnacles believed to be too small to contain significant reservesStructures believed to be severely overpressured, and therefore capable of holding only short gas columnsStructures believed to contain high CO2 and H2S contaminationStructures believed to have thief beds in the overburden rendering leakage very likely
The dramatic upturn of interest in more gas in the region has provided incentives over the past years for some revival of exploration activity, also targeting smaller structures. Recent discoveries of several new gas fields have thrown a different light on some of the historically perceived exploration risks and have stimulated new exploration interest in the area (figure 1).
The most significant of these discoveries is Petronas' PC4-1 which found a 640 metre gas column, at the time (2006) the longest penetrated in Malaysia, of normal (buoyancy) pressure and with minimal H2S and minor CO2 contamination (Figure 2).
Accurate NMR Fluid Typing using Functional T1/T2 Ratio and Fluid Component Decomposition
Authors: Sun Boqin , Skalinski Mark , Brantjes Jeroen Gerardus , Liu Chengbing , LaTorraca Gerald Alan , Menard Glenn , Dunn Keh-Jim 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging has been routinely used to measure mineralogy independent porosity, irreducible water saturation, and permeability of earth formation. The T2 distribution derived from NMR logging data is often composed of several fluid components. For example T2 of clay bound water is in general less than 10ms while T2 of movable water is above 33 ms in sandstone formation. Each fluid component can be represented by a unique T2 peak in a T2 distribution. The shape of the T2 peak can be predetermined by either a Gaussian or B-Spline function. Recently we have developed a "Fluid Component Decomposition" (FCD) method that uses a set of predetermined T2 peaks as base function to perform T2 inversion with CPMG echo trains. The FCD method significantly reduces the computation time for NMR data inversion especially for multi-dimensional data sets from oil well measurements, without sacrificing the smoothness and accuracy of the inverted distributions. It also allows direct fluid typing from either raw CPMG echo data or apparent T2 distribution. We have applied FCD method for apparent heavy oil volume calculation to estimate in-situ heavy oil viscosity.
One major uncertainty of both regular and FCD T2 inversion methods is T1/ T2 ratio. Reecent study shows that T1/T2 ratio is a linear function of T2 in log-log scale. We have applied this log-log function into FCD inversion code and greatly improve the accuracy of NMR total porosity in both carbonate formation and formations with large amount of paramagnetic impurity.
Quick-brain magnetic resonance imaging for nonhydrocephalus indications
Authors: Missios Symeon , Quebada Patricia B. , Forero Jorge A. , Durham Susan R. , Pekala Joseph S. , Eskey Clifford J. , Duhaime Ann-Christine 
Published: December 2008

Object
In 2002, “quick-brain” (QB) MR imaging (ultrafast spin echo T2-weighted imaging) was introduced as an alternative technique to CT scanning for assessing children with hydrocephalus. The authors have observed high patient and physician satisfaction with this technique at their institution, which has led to an increasing frequency of its use for nonhydrocephalic indications. The goal in this study was to characterize, quantitate, and assess the use of QB MR imaging for these additional indications.

Methods
Between February 2003 and December 2007, 1146 consecutive QB MR imaging studies were performed, and the findings were entered prospectively into a radiology database. All available clinical records were retrospectively reviewed to assign ≥ 1 of the following indications to each study: hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, Chiari malformation, intracranial cyst, screening prior to lumbar puncture, screening for congenital anomalies, trauma, and other. Changes in the distribution of indications over time and clinical experience for each indication were reviewed.

Results
The total number of QB imaging studies performed increased each year. The proportion of studies performed for nonhydrocephalic indications also increased (from 23 to 50%). The most common indication was screening for macrocephaly, and all other indications were nearly evenly distributed. Quick-brain MR imaging was used extensively for the initial evaluation and follow-up in patients with little need for additional studies. Its false-negative rate, however, remains unknown.

Conclusions
The role of QB MR imaging for nonhydrocephalic indications is expanding, and it appears promising for a number of screening and surveillance paradigms. “Quick-brain plus” protocols for specific indications may add sensitivity and are under development.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Norzoanthamine
Authors: Yamashita Daisuke , Murata Yoshihisa , Hikage Naotsuka , Takao Ken‐ichi , Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractZerstörend lernte ich erschaffen: (−)‐Norzoanthamin, ein vielversprechender Wirkstoff zur Osteoporosebehandlung, war die Zielverbindung einer Totalsynthese (siehe Schema). Die Vorstufe für die abschließende Bisaminalbildung mit AcOH/H2O unter Einführung des DEFG‐Ringsystems wurde durch die oxidative Spaltung eines Cyclopentanolrings erhalten.magnified image
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Norzoanthamine
Authors: Yamashita Daisuke , Murata Yoshihisa , Hikage Naotsuka , Takao Ken‐ichi , Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNo bones about it: (−)‐Norzoanthamine, a promising candidate for an anti‐osteoporotic drug, was the target of a total synthesis (see scheme). The final bisaminal formation with AcOH/H2O gave the DEFG ring, while the cyclization precursor was prepared by installing the remaining bisaminal unit after oxidative cleavage of the cyclopentanol moiety.magnified image
Variations in polymeric structure of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) films during annealing at various temperatures
Authors: Inoue Masahiro , Tada Yasunori , Suganuma Katsuaki , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo clarify the thermal degradation mechanisms of uniaxially drawn poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, variations due to annealing in the polymeric structures of the films were investigated using the small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The films were composed of lamellar crystals that were stacked perpendicular to the stretch direction. Although the crystallinity of the films decreased during annealing in the temperature range above the preannealing temperature, the lamellar structure was maintained even after the annealing process. There are two kinds of irreversible relaxation mechanisms during the annealing process of the films, including both a decrease in crystallinity within the lamellae and also thickening of the lamellae. A significant lamella thickening effect was observed when the films were annealed above ∼ 100°C. FTIR spectra suggested some disordered structures are developed during thickening of the lamellae. Furthermore, a long‐range periodic structure was formed in the films that were annealed above the melting temperature of PVDF. The polymeric structures formed during the fabrication process (including high‐order structures and disorders in molecular conformation) were clarified as having a significant influence on the annealing behavior of ferroelectric PVDF films. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A thermally regenerable composite sorbent of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) and ethoxylated polyethyleneimine for water desalination by Sirotherm process
Authors: Chanda Manas , Pillay S. Arumugom , Sarkar Amitava , Modak Jayant M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCrosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (XPAA) made by copolymerization of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in bulk was further reacted with 80% ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, and the latter insolubilized by treatment with glutaraldehyde. The resulting composite sorbent, XPAA(EPEI.XG), containing carboxylic acid groups and weakly basic tertiary amine groups in close proximity in the same resin bead exhibited thermally regenerable desalination property, simulating the well‐known Sirotherm™ resins. For NaCl and MgCl2, the sorbent has saturation capacities of 0.796 and 0.839 meq/g (dry) sorbent, respectively, at 30°C but less than 0.1 meq/g (dry) sorbent at 80–90°C. The equilibrium sorption data at 30°C fit well to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for single‐component sorption and to Butler‐Ockrent and Jain‐Snoeyink models for bicomponent sorption. Although the sorption of NaCl exhibits a plateau in the pH range of 4–5, that of MgCl2 increases sharply above pH 4 because of additional sorption by cation exchange at the ionic sites formed at higher pH. The sorption rate data show characteristics of particle‐diffusion controlled ion‐exchange process, yielding diffusivity values of 1.0–1.3 × 10−6 cm2/s for NaCl and 3.0–3.5 × 10−7 cm2/s for MgCl2, in the initial period at 30°C, with the diffusivity falling abruptly in both cases at higher conversions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Abschätzung einer Anprallkraft für murenexponierte Massivbauwerke
Authors: Proske Dirk , Kaitna Roland , Suda Jürgen , Hübl Johannes 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlpine Naturräume sind verschiedenen gravitativen Gefahrenprozessen ausgesetzt. Derartige Prozesse sind Muren, Hangrutschungen oder Lawinen. Menschliche Siedlungsgebiete werden u.a. durch den Prozessen angepasste Bauwerke geschützt. Die Bereitstellung von Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung der Anprallkraft einer Mure für die Bemessung solcher Schutzbauwerke aus Stahlbeton ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Dabei wird maßgeblich Bezug auf die in Österreich zur Zeit entwickelte ONR2480X‐Reihe genommen.
Bewehren mit vorgespannten Betonstäben – Neue Chancen für ein vergessenes Bewehrungskonzept
Authors: Kessler Hans‐Gert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVor rund einem halben Jahrhundert wurden erstmals Versuche unternommen, Betonbauteile mit Latten aus vorgespanntem Beton zu bewehren. Sie wurden rasch wieder aufgegeben, nachdem selbst eine geringe Ausmittigkeit der Vorspannung die Geradlinigkeit der Latten beeinträchtigte. Inzwischen aber haben sowohl die Technologie des Vorspannens als auch die des Schalens beträchtliche Fortschritte hinsichtlich ihrer Genauigkeit erzielt und rücken ein Bewehren mit “vorgespannten Betonstäben” wieder ins Blickfeld. Die Vorzüge hiermit bewehrter Biegeträger und Platten sind bisher noch gar nicht durchleuchtet worden. Sie beruhen auf der Tatsache, dass vorgespannte Betonstäbe eine gegenüber Stahl zehn‐ bis dreißigfache Dehnsteifigkeit aufweisen (Esb = 10…33 · Es); ihr entspricht eine gleichfalls spektakuläre Biegesteifigkeit mit ihnen bewehrter Bauteile. Die Folge dieser hohen Steifigkeit (die auch durch Schwinden und Kriechen nicht verloren geht) ist ein großer aktiver Druckbereich, wie man dies allenfalls von beschränkt vorgespannten Querschnitten her kennt.Der Autor hat sich bereits vor eineinhalb Jahrzehnten für die Verwendung vorgespannter Betonstäbe im Porenbetonbau ausgesprochen [1], wo sie auch jeden Korrosionsschutz entbehrlich machen; die statischen Vorzüge mit ihnen bewehrter Querschnitte allgemein werden allerdings erst im vorliegenden Aufsatz detailliert dargelegt und hierfür die entsprechenden Bemessungsgrundlagen entwickelt.
A qualitative study on the development of workplace bullying: Towards a three way model
Authors: Baillien Elfi , Neyens Inge , De Witte Hans , De Cuyper Nele 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUp to now, researchers have identified various individual and work‐related factors as potential antecedents of workplace bullying. The aim of the present study is to integrate this line of research in view of explaining how these antecedents may develop into workplace bullying. Key informants, such as union representatives, employees with a confidence role concerning workplace bullying, human resource managers, prevention workers and social service employees, analysed bullying incidents or cases within their organization. We combined the various perspectives on the same incident into one plan. Then, all 87 case plans were united in a global model that reflects the development towards bullying. The results suggested three processes that may contribute to the development of bullying. Firstly, bullying may result from inefficient coping with frustration. Such coping mechanisms are likely to be active for perpetrators, and passive for victims. Secondly, bullying may be the consequence of escalated conflicts. Thirdly, bullying may result from destructive team and organizational cultures or habits. Individual and work‐related antecedents may affect these processes in two ways: they may be at the origin of the three processes, and they may relate to the employees' coping style. Implications for theory and research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationships between contact, status and prejudice: An integrated threat theory analysis of Hindu–Muslim relations in India
Authors: Tausch Nicole , Hewstone Miles , Roy Ravneeta 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the context of Hindu–Muslim relations in India, the present study (N = 87) utilized Integrated Threat Theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000) to examine the mediating roles of intergroup anxiety, realistic and symbolic threats and the moderating role of group membership (Hindu vs. Muslim) in the relationships between cross‐community contact, relative in‐group status and prejudice. Overall, intergroup anxiety and realistic, but not symbolic, threat emerged as proximal predictors of prejudice and partial mediators between the predictor and criterion variables. But these findings were qualified by majority (Hindu) versus minority (Muslim) group membership. As predicted, while symbolic threat was a predictor of prejudice for Hindus, realistic threat was a paramount predictor for Muslims. In‐group status was as a significant predictor for low‐status minority group only. The results are discussed with reference to their potential implications for future research and interventions aimed at improving intergroup relations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoaffinity Isolation and Identification of Proteins in Cancer Cell Extracts that Bind to Platinum‐Modified DNA
Authors: Guggenheim Evan R. , Xu Dong , Zhang Christiana X. , Chang Pamela V. , Lippard Stephen J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe activity of the anticancer drug cisplatin is a consequence of its ability to bind DNA. Platinum adducts bend and unwind the DNA duplex, creating recognition sites for nuclear proteins. Following DNA damage recognition, the lesions will either be repaired, facilitating cell viability, or if repair is unsuccessful and the Pt adduct interrupts vital cellular functions, apoptosis will follow. With the use of the benzophenone‐modified cisplatin analogue Pt‐BP6, 25 bp DNA duplexes containing either a 1,2‐d(G*pG*) intrastrand or a 1,3‐d(G*pTpG*) intrastrand crosslink were synthesized, where the asterisks designate platinated nucleobases. Proteins having affinity for these platinated DNAs were photocrosslinked and identified in cervical, testicular, pancreatic and bone cancer‐cell nuclear extracts. Proteins identified in this manner include the DNA repair factors RPA1, Ku70, Ku80, Msh2, DNA ligase III, PARP‐1, and DNA–PKcs, as well as HMG‐domain proteins HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3, and UBF1. The latter strongly associate with the 1,2‐d(G*pG*) adduct and weakly or not at all with the 1,3‐d(G*pTpG*) adduct. The nucleotide excision repair protein RPA1 was photocrosslinked only by the probe containing a 1,3‐d(G*pTpG*) intrastrand crosslink. The affinity of PARP‐1 for platinum‐modified DNA was established using this type of probe for the first time. To ensure that the proteins were not photocrosslinked because of an affinity for DNA ends, a 90‐base dumbbell probe modified with Pt‐BP6 was investigated. Photocrosslinking experiments with this longer probe revealed the same proteins, as well as some additional proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, transcription, or repair. These findings reveal a more complete list of proteins involved in the early steps of the mechanism of action of the cisplatin and its close analogue carboplatin than previously was available.
Ferrocene–Carbohydrate Conjugates as Electrochemical Probes for Molecular Recognition Studies
Authors: Casas‐Solvas Juan M. , Ortiz‐Salmerón Emilia , Giménez‐Martínez Juan J. , García‐Fuentes Luís , Capitán‐Vallvey Luís F. , Santoyo‐González Francisco , Vargas‐Berenguel Antonio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report two methods that have allowed the attachment of glucose, mannose and lactose to one or both of the cyclopentadienyl rings of ferrocene. The resulting ferrocene–carbohydrate conjugates were synthesised by the reaction of thioglycosides with ferrocenemethanol and 1,1′‐ferrocenedimethanol in acidic media. A second method based on the regiospecific copper(I)‐catalysed cycloaddition of propargyl glycoside, azidomethyl and bis(azidomethyl)ferrocene as well as azidoethyl glycoside and ethynylferrocene was also used and led to the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole‐containing glycoconjugates. The electrochemical behaviour of the synthesised glycoconjugates was investigated. In addition, their binding interactions with β‐cyclodextrin were studied by means of NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric experiments. These techniques allowed the determination of the thermodynamic parameters of the complexes, the stability constants for the complexes formed with both the neutral and the oxidised states of the ferrocenyl glycoconjugates, the mode of inclusion and the diffusion coefficients for both the glycoconjugates and the complexes.
A Comparison of N2 Cleavage in Schrock's Mo[N3N] and Laplaza–Cummins' Mo[N(R)Ar]3 Systems
Authors: Christian Gemma , Stranger Robert , Yates Brian F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe four‐coordinate Mo[N3N] complex, [N3N]=[{RNCH2CH2}3N], R=3,5‐(2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2)2C6H3 (HIPT), which is capable of converting N2 to ammonia catalytically, reacts with N2 in a similar manner to Mo[N(R)Ar]3 (R=tBu, Ar=3,5‐C6H3Me2) to form a dinitrogen‐bridged dimer intermediate, but unlike its three‐coordinate counterpart, N2 cleavage is not observed. To rationalise these differences, the reaction of N2 with the model Mo[NH2]3[NH3] and full ligand Mo[N3N] systems was explored using density functional theory and compared with the results of an earlier study involving the model three‐coordinate Mo[NH2]3 system. Although the overall reaction is exothermic, the final NN cleavage step is calculated to be endothermic by 75 kJ mol−1 for the model system when the Moamine cap bond length is fixed to mimic the constraints of the ligand straps, but exothermic by 14 kJ mol−1 for the full ligand system. In the latter case, the slightly exothermic cleavage step can be attributed to the destabilization of the N2 bridged dimer relative to the nitride product owing to the steric effects of the bulky R groups. The activation barrier for NN cleavage is estimated at 151 kJ mol−1 for the model system, more than twice the calculated value for Mo[NH2]3, and even greater, 213 kJ mol−1, for the full ligand [N3N]Mo system. A bonding analysis shows that although the binding of the amine cap helps to stabilize the intermediate dimer, at the same time it destabilizes the metal d‐orbitals involved in backbonding to the π* orbitals on N2. As a result, backdonation is less efficient and NN activation reduced compared to the three‐coordinate system. Thus, the increased stability of the intermediate dimer on binding of the amine cap combined with the reduced level of NN activation and higher kinetic barrier, explain why NN cleavage has not been observed experimentally for the four‐coordinate Mo[N3N] system.
2‐Phenanthrenyl–DNA: Synthesis, Pairing, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Grigorenko Nikolay A. , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThree 2′‐phenanthrenyl‐C‐deoxyribonucleosides with donor (phenNH2), acceptor (phenNO2), or no (phenH) substitution on the phenanthrenyl core were synthesized and incorporated into oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Duplexes containing either one or three consecutive phenR residues, which were located opposite each other, were formed. Within these residues, the phenR residues are expected to recognize each other through interstrand stacking interactions, in much the same way as described previously for biphenyl DNA. The thermal, thermodynamic, and fluorescence properties of such duplexes were determined by UV melting analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Depending on the nature of the substituent, the thermal stability of single‐modified duplexes can vary between −2.7 to +11.3 °C in Tm and that of triple‐modified duplexes from +7.8 to +11.1 °C. Van′t Hoff analysis suggested that the observed higher thermodynamic stability in phenH‐ and phenNO2‐containing duplexes is of enthalpic origin. A single phenH or phenNO2 residue in a bulge position also stabilizes a corresponding duplex. If a phenNO2 residue is placed in a bulge position next to a base mismatch this can lead, in a sequence‐dependent manner, to duplex destabilization. The phenNO2 residue was found to be a highly efficient (10–100‐fold) quencher of phenH and phenNH2 fluorescence if placed in the opposite position to the fluorophores. When phenH and phenNH2 residues were placed opposite each other, efficient quenching of phenH and enhancement of phenNH2 fluorescence was found, which is an indicator for electron‐ or energy‐transfer processes between the aromatic units.
Probing Hydrogen Bonding to Bound Dioxygen in Synthetic Models for Heme Proteins: The Importance of Precise Geometry
Authors: Dube Henry , Kasumaj Besnik , Calle Carlos , Felber Beatrice , Saito Makoto , Jeschke Gunnar , Diederich François 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDistal hydrogen bonding in natural dioxygen binding proteins is crucial for the discrimination between different potential ligands such as O2or CO. In the present study, we probe the chemical requirements for proper distal hydrogen bonding in a series of synthetic model compounds for dioxygen‐binding heme proteins. The model compounds1‐Coto7‐Cobear different distal residues. The hydrogen bonding in their corresponding dioxygen adducts is directly measured by pulse EPR spectroscopy. The geometrical requirements for this interaction to take place were found to be narrow and very specific. Only two model complexes,1‐Coand7‐Co, form a hydrogen bond to bound dioxygen, which was characterized in terms of geometry and nature of the bond. The geometry and dipolar nature of this interaction in1‐Co‐O2is more similar to the one in natural cobalt myoglobin (Co‐Mb), making1‐Cothe best model compound in the entire series.