bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and gender specific lung function predictive equations provide similar predictions for both a twin population and a general population from age 6 through adolescence
Authors: Yu Yunxian , Kumar Rajesh , Venners Scott , Pongracic Jacqueline , Wang Binyan , Yang Jianhua , Li Zhiping , Wang Liuliu , Liu Xue , Tang Genfu , Xing Houxun , Xu Xiping , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere have been numerous studies of asthma in twins, but no study has evaluated whether lung function predictive models yield similar results between twin and general populations. We sought to evaluate this in late childhood and adolescent subjects.MethodsWe generated cross‐sectional, sex‐ and age‐specific regression models of FEV1, and FVC, in a community‐based cohort of 3140 healthy, non‐smoking Chinese twins using generalized estimating equations to adjust for correlations within twin pairs. We applied the model to a healthy non‐smoking general population cohort of 2187 subjects from the same region, and compared %predicted FEV1 and FVC values between the two populations.ResultsStratified by age and sex, the associations of height with FEV1 or FVC varied by age group. During the adolescent growth spurt (age 13 for girls and ages 14‐16 for boys), the associations of height with FEV1 or FVC were nonlinear and greater than that seen at other ages. During adolescence, FEV1 and FVC for a given height increased with age. The percent predicted values of FEV1 and FVC in the twin population were similar to that of the general population.ConclusionsTwin and general populations have similar patterns of lung function change over middle childhood and adolescence. Similar equations may be used to estimate percent predicted values. Finally, a single prediction equation cannot completely describe patterns of lung function from childhood through adolescence due to puberty related changes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:631–639. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
H∞ feedback‐control theory in biochemical systems
Authors: Gershon E. , Shaked U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we study the possible optimality of biochemical pathways in the H∞ sense. We start by presenting simple linearized models of single enzymatic reaction systems, where we apply classical and modern tools of feedback‐control theory. We then apply the results obtained by our analysis to a linearly unbranched enzyme pathway system, where we explore the effect of a negative feedback loop internally exerted on the system by a self‐product of the pathway. We then probe the sensitivity of the enzymatic system to variations in certain variables and we deal with the problem of assessing the optimality of the static‐output feedback control, in the H∞ sense, inherent to the closed‐loop system. In this point we demonstrate the applicability of our results via a theoretical example that provides an open‐loop and closed‐loop analysis of a four‐block enzymatic system. We then apply the various tools we developed to the optimal analysis of the Threonine synthesis pathway which is regulated by three feedback loops. We demonstrate that this pathway is optimal in the H∞ sense, in the face of considerable uncertainties in the various enzyme concentrations of the pathway. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative sensor deployment for multi‐target monitoring
Authors: Tang Zhijun , Özgüner Ümit 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of deploying multiple sensor agents (MSAs) to monitor multiple stationary targets is studied. First, the problem is modelled as a special version of the generalset‐coveringproblem. Then a novel motion control scheme is introduced to handle the nonlinear, non‐smooth and non‐additive nature of the multiple objectives that form the cost function in this type of sensor deployment problems. Based on that, a cooperative MSA deployment algorithm is developed. A lower bound for the optimal solution of theset‐coveringproblem is also derived. Simulation results are presented, demonstrating that given sufficient initial MSA resource, the proposed algorithm is able to lead the MSAs from an arbitrary initial configuration to a final coalition that only requires a near‐minimum number of MSAs to maintain the coverage of the targets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representations of integers as the sum of k terms
Authors: Erdös Paul , Tetali Prasad 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA set of natural numbers is called an asymptotic basis of order k if every number (sufficiently large) can be expressed as a sum of k distinct numbers from the set. in this paper we prove that, for every fixed k, there exists an asymptotic basis of order k such that the number of representations of n is Θ(log n).
Gender differences in introductory university physics performance: The influence of high school physics preparation and affective factors
Authors: Hazari Zahra , Tai Robert H. , Sadler Philip M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe attrition of females studying physics after high school is a growing concern to the science education community. Most undergraduate science programs require introductory physics coursework. Thus, success in introductory physics is usually necessary for students to progress to higher levels of science study. Success also influences attitudes; if females are well prepared, feel confident, and do well in introductory physics, they may be inclined to study physics further. This quantitative study using a hierarchical linear model focused on determining factors from high school physics preparation (content, pedagogy, and assessment) and the affective domain that predicted female and male performance in introductory university physics. The data analyzed came from 1973 introductory university physics surveys that included variables used as controls for student demographic and academic background characteristics. The results highlight high school physics and affective experiences that differentially predicted female and male performance. These experiences include learning requirements, long‐written problems, cumulative tests/quizzes, father's encouragement, and family's belief that science leads to a better career. There were also factors that had a similar effect on female and male performance among which mathematics preparation was the overall strongest predictor of university physics performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 91:847–876, 2007
Assessing hybrid incremental processes for SISOS development
Authors: Madachy Raymond , Boehm Barry , Ann Lane Jo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNew processes are being assessed to address modern challenges for Software‐Intensive Systems of Systems (SISOS), such as coping with rapid change while simultaneously assuring high dependability. A hybrid agile and plan‐driven process based on the spiral lifecycle has been outlined to address these conflicting challenges with the need to rapidly field incremental capabilities in a value‐based framework. A system dynamics model has been developed to assess the incremental hybrid process and support project decision making. It estimates cost and schedule for multiple increments of a hybrid process that uses three specialized teams, and also considers the mission value of software capabilities. It considers changes due to external volatility and feedback from user‐driven change requests, and dynamically reestimates and allocates resources in response to the volatility. Deferral policies and team sizes can be experimented with, and it includes trade off functions between cost and the timing of changes within and across increments, length of deferral delays, and others. We illustrate how the model can be used to determine optimal agile team size to handle changes. Both the hybrid process and simulation model are being evolved on a very large scale incremental SISOS project and other potential pilots. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Berechnung von Aufgaben der freien Turbulenz auf Grund eines neuen Näherungsansatzes .
Authors: Görtler H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs werden einige Probleme der freien Turbulenz auf Grund des in den vorangehenden Darlegungen von L. Prandtl erörterten neuen Näherungsansatzes: „Austausch über den einzelnen Querschnitt konstant und proportional dem Produkt aus Geschwindigkeitsunterschied und Vermischungsbreite”︁ durchgerechnet. In allen behandelten Fällen ergibt sich gute Übereinstimmung der berechneten Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen mit den Beobachtungen, abgesehen natürlich von den unmittelbaren Randgebieten der Vermischungszonen, wo ja der Austausch in Wirklichkeit erlischt.
Die konfluente hypergeometrische Funktion mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Bedeutung für die Integration der Wellengleichung in den Koordinaten eines Rotationsparaboloides
Authors: Buchholz Herbert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn dem vorliegenden Bericht werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der beiden, gewöhnlich mit Mk,m (z) und Wk,m (z) bezeichneten konfluenten hypergeometrischen Funktionen besprochen und dabei eine Zusammenstellung der hauptsächlich für sie geltenden Formeln gegeben, um vor allem dem Physiker und dem Ingenieur das Arbeiten mit diesen beiden noch wenig bekannten, physikalisch aber doch recht wichtigen Funktionen zu erleichtern. Im besonderen wird auf ihre Bedeutung für die Integration der Wellengleichung in den Koordinaten eines Rotationsparaboloides hingewiesen. Die im Zusammenhang damit erforderlichen Reihenentwicklungen beider Funktionen bei rein imaginären Werten von k und z werden im Laufe der Arbeit hergeleitet. Bei derartigen Werten von k und z besitzt die Funktion Mk,m (z) für ein festes z unendlich viele einfache Nullstellen in bezug auf k. Das aus dieser Eigenschaft ableitbare, einem bestimmten Rotationsparaboloid zugeordnete System von Eigenfunktionen ist orthogonal. Für den Ausdruck exp (ikR)/ R einer fortschreitenden Kugelwelle wird eine Integraldarstellung angegeben. Ein Schrifttumsverzeichnis über die wichtigsten Arbeiten beschließt den Bericht.
Das Bildungsgesetz für die Fehlerformeln beim Ausgleichen von fehlerhaften Meßreihen mit Hilfe ganzer rationaler Funktionen wachsender Ordnung
Authors: Stange K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie beim Ausgleichen von Meßwerten mit Hilfe von endlichen Potenzreihen geltenden Gesetze für die Fortpflanzung der Meßfehler und für die Fälschung der Funktionswerte werden in ,,Determinantenform” aufgestellt. Indem man diese Determinanten nach fallenden Potenzen der Punktzahl n entwickelt, findet man äußerst einfache, für ,,große” Punktzahlen n gültige ,,asymptotische” Gesetze.
Morphologisch homogene Funktionen und ihre Erzeugung durch statistische Superposition von Elementfunktionen. II 2. Teil: Einige Hinweise und Beispiele zur Anwendung der Theorie
Authors: Giesekus Hanswalter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird ausgeführt, wie man aus dem Produktdurchschnitt oder dem Spektrum morphologisch homogener Funktionen (mhF), die durch statistische Superposition quadratisch integrierbarer Elementfunktionen erzeugt worden sind, Rückschlüsse auf die mittlere Gestalt dieser Elemente ziehen kann, und dies wird speziell am Beispiel einer solaren Funktion erläutert. Abschließend folgen einige Bemerkungen über anderes Schrifttum zum Thema der mhF, insbesondere wird das Bartelssche Persistenzkriterium diskutiert.
Verallgemeinerung und Vereinheitlichung der Wirbelsätze ebener und rotationssymmetrischer Flüssigkeitsbewegungen
Authors: Truesdell C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird ein einfacher, rein kinematischer Erhaltungssatz des Wirbelbetrages bewiesen, der für Bewegungen gilt, die “komplex‐lamellar” sind und noch eine weitere Bedingung erfüllen. Dieser Satz umfaßt die aus der klassischen Hydrodynamik und der Gasdynamik bekannten Wirbelsätze für ebene und rotationssymmetrischer Flüssigkeitsbewegungen und liefert eine Verallgemeinerung für sie.
Die Ermüdung der Metalle Ergebnisse der von der EMPA von 1925–1950 durchgeführten Untersuchungen
Authors: Roš M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractKörper ohne und mit Kerbe. Spannungszustand homogen und heterogen, ein‐ und mehrachsig. Einheitliche Fassung der Bruchtheorie für statische und Ermüdungs‐Beanspruchung.
Die in Achsenrichtung rotationssymmetrisch belastete dicke Kreisplatte auf nachgiebiger und auf starrer Unterlage
Authors: Szabó István 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIm Anschluß an frühere Untersuchungen wird das Problem der in Achsenrichtung rotationssymmetrisch belasteten dicken Kreisplatte auf die Fälle nachgiebiger bzw. starrer Lagerung ausgedehnt. Für die an der Berührungsseite auftretenden Schubkräfte wird das Coulombsche Reibungsgesetz angenommen. Für die eingespannte Platte gelingt es, exakte Lösungen anzugeben, während für die am Mantel kräftefreien Platte (freie Lagerung) Näherungslösungen im Sinne des de Saint‐Venantschen Prinzips gegeben werden.
Who needs a forelimb anyway? Locomotor, postural and manipulative behavior in a one‐armed gibbon
Authors: Sayer Emily C. , Whitham Jessica C. , Margulis Susan W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGiven the predominance of brachiation and other forms of suspension in gibbon locomotion, we compared the locomotor, postural, and manipulative behaviors of a captive, juvenile, one‐armed gibbon to the behavioral profiles of his family members. We expected Kien Nahn, whose arm was amputated in response to an untreatable injury approximately 1 year before observations began, to avoid suspensory locomotion, to spend more time immobile, and to be less likely to exhibit postures involving forelimb suspension. Data were collected using scan sampling to record the behaviors and postures of Kien Nahn, his younger brother, and his parents. Additional postural and manipulative behaviors were recorded ad lib. Kien Nahn and his younger sibling had similar activity levels, and although differences in postural profiles existed, they were surprisingly few. Specifically, Kien Nahn spent significantly less time in motion and in non‐suspensory forms of locomotion than his brother. When compared to his parents, Kien Nahn was found to be both active and in motion more often, but was less likely to exhibit the forelimb suspension posture. Despite the increased energetic demands associated with one‐armed brachiation, Kien Nahn preferred suspensory locomotion to other forms of locomotion. Furthermore, he found unique solutions for foraging and locomoting, often making use of his feet and teeth, and he was generally the first to approach and manipulate enrichment objects. We found no evidence to suggest that Kien Nahn's injury has altered his activity levels. Although the one‐armed gibbon displayed slightly different locomotor, postural, and manipulative behaviors than his family members, he seems to have adapted well to his injury. Zoo Biol 0:1–8, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of canola oil using a ruthenium catalyst
Authors: Bello C. , Diosady L. L. , Graydon W. F. , Rubin L. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDichlorodicarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), RuCl2 (CO)2 (PPh3)2, was investigated as a catalyst for edible oil hydrogenation in a preliminary screening of potential catalysts for producing partially hydrogenated fats with lowtrans‐isomer content. Refined, bleached and deodorized canola oil was hydrogenated using 1.77 × 10−5 − 6.64 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil of ruthenium catalyst equivalent to 1.79 × 10−4 − 6.71 × 10−3 wt% Ru. The effects of temperature (50–180 C) and pressure (50–750 psig) on reaction rate,trans‐isomer content and fatty acid composition were examined. The activities of RuCl2 (CO)2 (PPh3)2 and nickel (Nysel HK‐4 and AOCS standard nickel catalyst) were compared on a molar basis. At 4.40 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil (0.0026 wt/Ni or 0.0044 wt% Ru), 140 C and 50 psig, the nickel catalysts were completely inactive, but the ruthenium catalyst produced an IV drop of 40 units in 60 min. At 110 C, 750 psig and 1.34 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil (1.35 × 10−3 wt% Ru), a hydrogenation rate of 0.89 ΔIV/min and a maximumtrans‐isomer content of 10.4% (IV=45.0) was obtained with the ruthenium catalyst.
Thermal oxidation of lipids in monolayers. I. The nature of binding on silica
Authors: Hau Lung‐Bin , Nawar W. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether the oxidation of lipids in the ordered state differs from that in the bulk phase. Simple model systems of lipids adsorbed on silica were used as a monolayer model system. This part of the study was designed to provide a better understanding of the nature of lipid adsorption on silica. Isotherms were determined for a number of substrates differing in chain length and functional groups. The number of molecules adsorbed per unit area of silica was found to decrease with increasing chain length. Binding was also dependent on the type of functional group present. For the same length, the amount adsorbed was in the following order: alcohol >acid> ester, whereas binding strength was as follows: acid >ester> alcohol.
Half esters of dibasic acids as additives in water‐based cutting fluids
Authors: Watanabe S. , Fujita T. , Yoneshima T. , Nakagawa H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral half esters from long chain dibasic acids were prepared, and corrosion and lubricity tests for these products as water‐based cutting fluid additives were made. Triethanolamine salts of half esters of sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid showed effective rust‐inhibiting and anti‐wear properties for water‐based cutting fluids.
Derivatives of eleostearic acid
Authors: Bufkin B. G. , Thames S. F. , Jen S. J. , Evans J. M. , Long T. S. , Smith O. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEleven new derivatives of the carboxyl function of eleostearic acid have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, physical constants, and spectrophotometric data. It is shown that α‐eleostearyl alcohol can be distilled without rearranging to the β‐isomer if high vacuum and low temperature are employed.
Evaluation of processing alternatives to saw delintering of cottonseed
Authors: Clark S. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractResults are presented on economic evaluations of several alternative processes to saw delintering. Comparisons were made in terms of yields and quality of products, and processing costs. Comparisons of net monetary returns per ton of seed, and discounted cash flow rates of return showed no alternative processes to be attractive with linters selling at .04/lb or above. However, at a break‐even linters price of .03/lb, hulling of undelintered seed and dilute sulfuric acid delintering were quite attractive alternatives. Hulling of undelintered seed was likewise attractive because of low processing energy requirements and low atmospheric emissions and workroom dust and noise.
Potential lubricants for continuous casting of steel: polyol esters of partially hydrogenated soybean acids
Authors: Bell E. W. , Cowan J. C. , Gast L. E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the past decade continuous casting of steel into billets and slabs without going through the ingot stage has drawn widespread attention in the steel industry. Mold lubrication is vital to continuous casting to prevent sticking. Approximately 50% of this operation uses a vegetable oil lubricant, primarily rapeseed oil. Trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane and pentaerythritol esters of partially hydrogenated soybean fatty acids, derived from commercially hydrogenated soybean oils, have been readily prepared in good yields. Preliminary measurements of viscosities, smoke, flash and fire points of these polyol esters indicate that they are possible candidates for use as lubricants in the continuous casting of steel.
Diene‐to‐saturate shunt in fat hydrogenation
Authors: Scholfield C. R. , Butterfield R. O. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn matching experimental data to kinetic models for hydrogenation of methylcis‐9,cis‐15‐linoleate, ethylene glycol diundecylenate and 1,7‐octadiene with platinum or palladium catalysts, only if a diene‐to‐saturate shunt of 15‐ to 25% is included can a good fit be secured between the model and experimental composition. With nickel the shunt is much smaller or absent. Although the shunt might be attributed most readily to a liquid diffusion effect, its independence of temperature, viscosity and presence or absence of solvents and catalyst support suggests that some other factor is responsible. Evidence for similar shunts is found for other materials, including soybean triglycerides.
Comparison of the observed distribution of aflatoxin in shelled peanuts to the negative binomial distribution
Authors: Whitaker T. B. , Dickens J. W. , Monroe R. J. , Wiser E. H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSuitability of the negative binomial distribution for use in estimating the probabilities associated with sampling lots of shelled peanuts for aflatoxin analysis has been studied. Large samples, called “minilots,” were drawn from 29 lots of shelled peanuts contaminated with aflatoxin. These minilots were subdivided into ca. 12 lb samples which were analyzed for aflatoxin. The mean and variance of these aflatoxin determinations for each minilot were determined. The shape parameterk and the mean aflatoxin concentrationm were estimated for each minilot. A regression analysis indicated the functional relationship betweenk andm to be:k=(2.0866+2.3898m) × 10−6. The observed distribution of sample concentrations from each of the 29 minilots was compared to the negative binomial distribution by means of the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. The null hypothesis that each of the true unknown distribution functions was negative binomial was not rejected at the 5% significance level for all 29 comparisons.
Efficient synthesis of fatty monoglyceride sulfates from fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Ahmed Fahim U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn efficient high yield synthesis of fatty monoglyceride sulfates from fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters, glycerine and chlorosulfuric acid in chloroform using stoichiometric amounts of reagents was developed. Sodium coco monoglyceride sulfate was prepared in 79% yield with 93% purity from coco fatty acids. Similarly, sodium palm kernel monoglyceride sulfate in 57% yield and sodium palm monoglyceride sulfate in 71% yield were obtained from palm kernel fatty acid methyl esters and palm fatty acids, respectively. This new synthetic method produced better quality products with higher active ingredients and improved yields without having to use such cost prohibitive, high purity, fatty acid monoglycerides, and it reduced the undesirable aqueous sodium sulfate by‐product by 60% over a current commercial process. The product’s composition and purity were confirmed by cationic titration, infrared and C‐13 NMR spectroscopy.
Application of a rapid transesterification method for identification of individual fatty acids by gas chromatography on three different nut oils
Authors: Fourie P. C. , Basson D. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe lack of uniformity of analytical techniques employed for quantification of fatty acids led to the successful implementation of a rapid transesterification method using tetramethylammonium hydroxide to determine and compare the total fatty acid content of almond, pecan and macadamia oils. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids comprised the largest part of the total fatty acid content in almond and pecan oils. Although oleic acid was also the main constituent of macadamia oil, its concentration was substantially lower than in the other oils.
Hydrolysis of soybean oil by a combined lipase system
Authors: Park Yong K. , Pastore Glaucla M. , de Almeida Marta Mitsui 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe hydrolysis of soybean oil by different lipases was compared, and the results demonstrated that lipases D, N and G hydrolyzed the oil to 44, 42 and 7.2%, respectively, after 10 hr reaction, which represents incomplete hydrolysis. But the combined enzyme systems (lipases (G+N and lipases G+D) hydrolyzed the oil to an extent of 95–98% after 10 hr reaction. Plotting the percentage hydrolysis of soybean oil by combined enzyme systems against the logarithm of the reaction time resulted in essentially straight lines.