bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General anesthesia for developmentally disabled dental care patients: a comparison of reinforced laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal intubation anesthesia
Authors: Hung Wei‐Te , Hsu Shih‐Che , Kao Chai‐Tze 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTProviding dental care for developmentally disabled patients who require general anesthesia is challenging for both dentists and anesthesiologists. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two anesthetic methods for dental care. The researchers retrospectively analyzed morbidity data following anesthesia using either a reinforced laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or endotracheal intubation anesthesia for a two‐year time period. The subjects were developmentally disabled patients receiving dental care. Statistical analyses were by unpaired student t‐tests and chisquare tests. Patients were who anesthetized with a reinforced laryngeal mask airway had a significantly shorter recovery period and lower postanesthetic complication rates when compared to patients undergoing endotracheal intubation anesthesia. Although hypoxemia (SPO2 90%) during dental care occurred more frequently when using the reinforced laryngeal mask airway, the difference was not significant. Nausea and vomiting were the major complications in the postanesthetic care unit and after discharge. When complication rates were compared in the two patient groups, nausea and vomiting were significantly higher during postanesthetic care and after discharge in the intubated group. In conclusion, reinforced laryngeal mask airway provides general anesthesia with less risk of side effects for developmentally disabled patients undergoing dental care.
Prevalence and predictors of untreated caries and oral pain among Special Olympic athletes
Authors: Reid Britt C. , Chenette Ronald , Macek Mark D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors assessed the prevalence and predictors of untreated caries and oral pain among Special Olympic athletes. The study population consisted of a convenience sample of 9,620 athletes who were participating in the 2001 Special Olympics events held at 40 sites in the United States, and who consented to a standardized oral health screening. The prevalence of oral pain and untreated caries was 13.5% and 30.4%, respectively. Statistically significant independent associations (adjusted odds ratios [OR], p ≥ 0.05) between untreated caries and oral pain (OR=1.50), gingivitis (OR=1.92), injury (OR=1.28), missing teeth (OR=1.79), and home care (frequency of cleaning their teeth once or less per week compared with once or more per day OR=2.13) were found. In another model, we found statistically significant independent associations between oral pain and untreated caries (OR=1.58), gender (OR=1.28), gingivitis (OR=1.30), and home care (frequency of cleaning their teeth once or less per week compared to once or more per day OR=4.60). Substantial levels of untreated caries and oral pain were prevalent and related to poor oral hygiene and poor oral health. These findings were discouraging given that the study participants represented a generally well‐supported, high‐functioning stratum of persons with mental retardation in the United States.
Oral health needs and access to dental care of homeless adults in the United States: a review
Authors: King Tracy B. , Gibson Gretchen 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe homeless population in the United States is one of great diversity that continues to increase in number. Although data on the oral health status of individuals who are homeless is limited, studies consistently report both the perception and clinical evidence of dental needs among this population as well as a low utilization rate for dental services. This article reviews the oral health needs of people who are homeless as reported in literature, barriers to receiving dental care, and methods used to deliver dental care to this population. Many rehabilitation centers for adults who are homeless consider the establishment and maintenance of a state of good general and oral health as a priority and a key factor in helping homeless adults to return to the workforce and mainstream society.
Preventing dental disease for people with special needs: the need for practical preventive protocols for use in community settings
Authors: DDS Paul Glassman , Miller Christine Ernst 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPeople with disabilities have more dental disease, more missing teeth, and more difficulty receiving dental care than other members of the general population. Because of the deinstitutionalization movement during the later 20th century, many formerly institutionalized people now reside in community settings, which lack oral health services. Even individuals who were not institutionalized have barriers to oral health services. These realities underscore the importance of preventing dental disease in people with special needs by establishing preventive dental disease protocols.
Chlorhexidine and xylitol gum in caries prevention
Authors: Anderson Max 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the current best evidence on the respective and comparative outcomes of chlorhexidine and xylitol and extrapolates these data to individuals with special needs. It analyzes the probable mechanisms of action for both chlorhexidine and xylitol then reviews individual products and discusses the anticipated effectiveness of these products in individuals with special needs.
The use of topical fluoride to prevent or reverse dental caries
Authors: Jacobsen Peter , Young Douglas 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTopical fluoride has been the main stay of caries prevention for many decades. There are several mechanisms which make it beneficial including inhibiting demineralization, enhancing remineralization, and inhibiting bacterial growth. Topical fluoride is available in many different forms. The concentrations of various fluoride preparations range from 225 parts per million(ppm) fluoride in over‐the‐counter oral rinses to 22,600 ppm in the fluoride varnishes. The clinician must decide which type of topical preparation is best suited for their patient. Patients with high caries risk may benefit from prescription strength fluorides (along with the other chemical and dietary therapies described in this issue of Special Care in Dentistry). The application of fluoride varnish is an excellent topical form for those patients who have access to dental care and for whom it is difficult to comply with the use of other topical forms.
Developmental stuttering: Manifestations, treatment and dental implications
Authors: Friedlander Arthur H. , Noffsinger Douglas , Mendez Mario F. , Yagiela John A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDevelopmental stuttering (DS) is a disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech resulting in involuntary repetition, prolongation, or cessation of sound. The scientific literature has implicated the lack of strong left cerebral dominance and abnormal levels of the neurotranemitters dopamine and possibly serotonin in regions of the brain controlling the coordination of language processing and motor activity of the vocal apparatus as possible causative factors in DS. Speech‐language therapy is the most common form of treatment, but antipsychotic, antide‐pressant, and anxiolytic medications may be prescribed for some children and adults with persistent stuttering. These medications may cause xerostomia and adversely interact with certain antibiotics, analgesics, and sedatives routinely used in dentistry. Some people who stutter have sensory‐motor and tactile‐proprioceptive deficits that impede accurate and timely movements of the mandible, lips, and tongue, necessitating protection of the airway by staff during dental care.
Clinical evaluation of patients with epidermolysis bullosa: Review of the literature and case reports
Authors: Silva Luis Cändido Pinto , Cruz Roberval Almeida , Abou‐Id Luciana Rigueira , Brini Lucille Niele Barbosa , Moreira Ludmilla Soares 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a relatively rare inherited disorder, which includes blister and vesicle formation on the skin and mucous membranes as a result of trauma or heat. There are different forms of this disorder. Mild manifestations are relatively uncomfortable, usually involving the knees, elbows, and fingers. Severe forms of this disease compromise normal functioning of multiple organs, which may result in premature death. The lack of a specific treatment to cure EB makes genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of primary importance to control this disorder. Three case histories of persons with dystrophic recessive epidermolysis bullosa are reported, focusing on appropriate dental care for patients with EB.
Mental disorders in dental practice: A case report of body dysmorphic disorder
Authors: DDS Ad de Jongh , Adair Pauline 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTGiven the high prevalence of mental disorders in Western societies, dentists may be confronted with behaviors that may interfere with the safe and efficient delivery of dental care. This paper addresses the need for dentists to be aware of patient vulnerability factors and psychological problems due, for example, to the possible negative effects of psychological distress and critical incidents, and their consequences for both symptom presentation and dental treatment planning. This need for awareness is illustrated by a case report of a patient who developed body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)—a preoccupation with some imagined defect in physical appearance—following dental treatment.
Granulocytic sarcoma: An atypical presentation in the oral cavity
Authors: Stoopler Eric T. , Pinto Andres , Alawi Faizan , Raghavendra Sree , Jr. Ricardo Boyce , Porter David , Sollecito Thomas P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAcute myelogenous leukemia (AMU is a hematologic disorder that is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Granulocytic sarcomas are clusters of leukemic myeloid cells that may develop as a result of AML. Oral manifestations of AML are common and often involve enlargements of the gingiva and/or mucosal tissue from direct leukemia cell infiltration. We describe the case history of a 50‐year‐old man who had an ulcera‐tive lesion of the oral mucosa that was determined to be a granulocytic sarcoma of AML‐M0 subtype. The combination of both the subtype and clinical presentation of the leukemia makes this presentation unusual, and to the best of our knowledge, of a type that has not been previously reported in the literature.
Outreach dental service for persons with special needs in Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Edward C.M. , Luo Yan , Dyson John E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors describe the acceptance and efficiency of an outreach dental service, which provided oral health care to persons with special needs in Hong Kong. Portable dental equipment was transported to various institutions. Basic dental care including prevention, scaling, restoration, extraction, and denture repair was provided free of charge. Elderly adults living in institutions were the main service recipients, but other people with special needs, including physically disabled and persons with mental retardation were also reached. One‐third of the patients had dental pain or sensitivity, and 70% had not visited a dentist for more than three years. Dental care was provided to 6,867 patients over four years. Feedback from the patients showed that more than 90% of them were satisfied with the service. These findings indicate that patients with special needs in Hong Kong are in great need of dental care. An outreach dental service appears to be both appropriate and efficient in providing care to these persons.
Treatment of muscle spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy using BTX‐A: a pilot study
Authors: Manzano Felipe Scalco , Granero Lucia Mercuri , Masiero Danilo , dos Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to verify the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) used as a neuromuscular block on spastic masticatory musculature of children with cerebral palsy. Six patients who had spastic‐tetraplegic cerebral‐palsy, aged 5 to 20 years were selected. All patients had spasticity of the jaw muscles, bruxism, lower lip trauma, limited mouth opening, and difficulties in cleaning the oral cavity. The patients were sedated under general anesthesia, while the dentist injected the masseter and temporalis muscles bilaterally with 150 and 75 units of BTX‐A each. Clinical examinations were conducted at 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after the initial appointment. We found statistically significant decreases in muscle spasticity and bruxism (p= 0.002), improved inter‐incisal opening (p= 0.002), improved oral hygiene (p= 0.031), and less lower lip trauma (p= 0.060) after the neuromuscular blocking.
Intrauterine infections: A literature review
Authors: França Cristiane Miranda , Mugayar Leda R. F. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDuring gestation, many microorganisms can infect the fetus, causing severe birth defects. Such organisms and the resulting clinical syndromes have been categorized as TORCH infections, a useful acronym referring to Toxoptasma gandii, other microorganisms (like syphilis), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and her‐pesviruses. Since dental patients typically report pregnancy or previous infections as part of their health history, and TORCH infections can manifest oral symptoms, the dentist is in a position to act as an educator and screener for these infections. This article reviews TORCH agents for dentists to help the clinician in educating pregnant patients about the risks these infections pose to the fetus. The authors also note oral symptoms related to these infections.
Oral hygiene and oral symptoms among the elderly in long‐term care
Authors: Henriksen Birgitte Moesgaard , Ambjørnsen Eirik , Laake Knut , Axéll Tony E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDental teams examined 1,910 elderly adults living in long‐term care settings (1,358 institutionalized, 552 home‐bound) from all 19 counties in Norway to document oral hygiene, oral symptoms and ability to receive dental treatment. The Mucosal‐Plaque Score (MPS) was used to assess oral status. The MPS was significantly better in women than in men, in individuals with dentures than in those with any remaining teeth, and in people who were homebound rather than those who lived in institutions. The MPS did not differ between age groups or geographic regions. According to the Treatment Ability Index, nearly a quarter of the sample was able to receive comprehensive dental care. Reports of “any oral symptom” and “eating/chewing problems” decreased with age and were most prevalent for individuals who had dentures. The MPS had only slight impact on oral symptoms, chewing ability and dry mouth (p > 0.05). Dry mouth was found in 16.9% and was most prevalent in individuals with dentures.
Dental status and oral health quality of life in economically disadvantaged French adults
Authors: Tubert‐Jeannin Stéphanie , Riordan Paul J. , Morel‐Papernot Annick , Moulin Roland 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTExpansion of French health insurance coverage has increased funding for dental care for economically disadvantaged adults. This study aimed to measure clinical and self‐perceived oral health, behaviors, and use of dental services by adults who were eligible for such coverage. The regional agency that gives administrative services for the health insurance funds provided a sample of 900 adults aged 35–44 years, insured through this program. We reached 805 of these adults by mail; of these 18% were surveyed and clinically examined. Self‐perceived oral health was measured by the Global Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and participants' attitudes to dental health, by questionnaire. Decayed and Missing teeth constituted 40% of the DMFT. Participants reported poor oral health (63%), and 79% perceived a need for care, although they used dental services infrequently and had poor knowledge of available services. Cost of care and number of carious teeth were important predictors of the GOHAI.
Bisphosphonate Induced Osteochemonecrosis of the Jaws: An Ounce of Prevention May be Worth a Pound of Cure
Authors: Hellstein John W. , Marek Cindy L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPatient exposure to bisphosphonate drugs for the management of hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteolytic lesions of metastatic cancer and osteoporosis has led to increasing reports of osteochemonecrosis of the jaws (bis‐phossy jaw). This serious and debilitating condition requires dental practitioners to be alert for signs and symptoms of this syndrome. Thus far, nitrogen containing bisphosphonates have been implicated as a causative agent. While only a small fraction of patients who have taken these agents will develop osteochemonecrosis, it seems that patients who have received intravenous bisphosphonates are at greater risk than those who have taken oral agents. Tooth extractions are the most frequently reported predisposing dental procedure. While appropriate management strategies for patients with osteochemonecrosis of the jaws are evolving, we are suggesting rational preventive protocols and therapies based upon current experience and knowledge. These recommendations may change over time as the profession gains more experience in managing these patients.
Dental Care Management of a Young Patient with Extensive Lymphangioma of the Tongue: A Case Report
Authors: de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , Silv Raquel A. B. , Margato Cristiane Loureiro , Nelson‐Filho Paulo 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLymphangiomas are benign tumors resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Relatively uncommon, lymphangiomas are usually diagnosed at birth and develop within the first years of life. When these tumors occur in the oral cavity, the tongue is the most frequently affected site. Lymphangioma of the tongue is a common cause of macroglossia in children, which may lead to a dry/cracked tongue with ulcerating secondary infections, difficulty in swallowing and mastication, speech disturbances, exclusive nasal breathing, airway obstruction, mandibular prognathism and other possible deformities of maxillofacial structures. This paper discusses the most relevant features, clinical manifestations, disease‐related impairments and treatment options for lymphangioma of the tongue. It presents the case report of a five‐year‐old child diagnosed with this lesion, including a description of the patient's dental care management.
A New Classification System for Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia
Authors: Loyola‐Rodriguez Juan Pablo , Zavala‐Alonso Veronica , Patiño‐Marin Nuria , Friedman Clive 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe provision of comprehensive care for patients with special needs using dental general anesthesia (DGA) has changed over time, and now includes more complex procedures and the participation of many services. As a result, it is necessary to integrate, organize and describe all of the procedures that are carried out in different DGA settings. The aim of this study was to propose a systematic classification for dental treatment procedures be delivered under DGA, and to compare this classification system with an existing system. This new classification system has three distinct components: type, frequency and length of time needed to complete dental procedures for both primary and permanent teeth. A wide range of oral surgery procedures and endodontic treatment was also included. A retrospective cohort study utilizing 84 subjects was used to develop and compare the two classification systems. When comparing the different categories of procedures by both classifications, there were significant statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). Oral health care for patients with special needs has evolved, with more complex and extensive interventions that require teamwork by personnel from different dental or medical specialties. The classification system in this study includes detailed Information regarding the procedures involved in the DGA. This helps to provide a clear understanding and specific information that enables the comparison of clinical experiences across populations where a DGA has been used for patients with special needs.
Dentists' Attitudes and Practices Toward Provision of Orthodontic Treatment for Children with Visual and Hearing Impairments
Authors: AlSarheed Maha , Bedi Raman , Alkhatib Mhd Nour , Hunt Nigel P 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine differences in behavior and attitudes of dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in providing orthodontic care for children who are sensory impaired. A self‐administered questionnaire was sent to all dentists working in Riyadh to assess the following domains: personal characteristics of the dentists and their practices, provision of dental care for children who are visually‐impaired (VI) and/or hearing‐impaired (HI), and their attitude toward providing orthodontic care for these children. Attitudes were measured on two scales and the overall score of these two scales represented each respondent's attitude. Thirty percent of the dentists provided dental care for children with VI and 45.3 percent did for children with HI. The provision of orthodontic care was significantly affected by the country in which the dentists had received their dental training, both for children with VI and HI (p<0.01), and by number of years they had been in practice for children with VI (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that only the country of dental training significantly affected the dentist's attitude score. There were also significant variations in attitudes toward the provision of orthodontic treatment for children with sensory impairment (SI), influenced by dental training and experience. In practical terms, this means that improvement in attitudes needs to be initiated at the dental undergraduate level. Establishing global guidelines for the provision of orthodontic treatment for patients with sensory impairment is likely to assist both professionals and patients.
The Use of Botulinum Toxin‐A in the Treatment of Severe Bruxism in a Patient with Autism: A Case Report
Authors: Monroy Phillip G. , da Fonseca Marcio A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis case report describes an alternative method for reducing bruxism in a special needs patient who was not a candidate for an intraoral appliance. Bruxism is often seen in patients with special needs and can result in excessive dental wear, temporomandibular joint pain, avulsion of teeth and other problems. Current methods of management are not typically effective in this population because most require patient compliance. An 11‐year‐old male diagnosed with autism and Bannayan‐Zonana syndrome received bilateral injections of botulinum toxin type‐A (Botox® Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine CA) in the masseter muscle. The patient's condition was followed up via post‐operative telephone interviews with the parents for 60 days. A reduction in the frequency and severity of bruxism was reported. The only side effects noted were soreness at the injection site and mild, temporary drooling. Although further research is required to determine the optimal doses and injection frequency, botulinum toxin type‐A appears to be an alternative method for controlling bruxism in the special needs population.