bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioseparation of baclofen with highly sulfated β‐cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Kavran‐Belin Gamze , Rudaz Serge , Veuthey Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe enantioseparation of baclofen (4‐amino‐3‐p‐chlorophenylbutyric acid) was achieved by CE‐LIF with highly sulfated β‐CD (HS‐β‐CD) as chiral selector. Naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde was used for the derivatization of nonfluorescent baclofen. HS‐β‐CD (2%) containing 50 mM borate buffer at pH 9.5 was chosen as the optimal running electrolyte and applied to the analysis of baclofen enantiomers in human plasma. The linearity of calibration curves (R 2 ⪈ 0.998) for R‐(–) and S‐(+)‐baclofen was in the 0.1–2.0 μM concentration range. After a simple ACN‐protein precipitation, the LOD of baclofen in plasma sample was found as low as 50 nM.
Supercritical fluid extraction and HPLC determination of relevant polyphenolic compounds in grape skin
Authors: Chafer Amparo , Pascual‐Martí M. Carmen , Salvador Amparo , Berna Angel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe polyphenols determined are: (+)‐catechin, (–)‐epicatechin, rutin, quercetin and trans‐resveratrol. Suitable conditions of supercritical fluid extraction were established using ethanol as a modifier of the polarity solvent (supercritical carbon dioxide). Final extraction conditions were: 20% v/v ethanol, 60°C, 250 bars and flow rate 2 mL/min. Static step time and dynamic step time were established using a selected grape skin sample. The extract was collected in water; the more polar polyphenols ((+)‐catechin and (–)‐epicatechin) remain in solution but rutin, quercetin and trans‐resveratrol precipitate in this medium, thereby the solution of the extracted polyphenols was filtered. (+)‐Catechin and (–)‐epicatechin were determined in the liquid fraction, while the solid fraction, containing rutin, quercetin and trans‐resveratrol, was solved with ethanol/H2O (40:60). HPLC determination was carried out at C18 stationary phase, with ethanol/water/acetic acid as mobile phases and UV‐visible diode array detection. Due to the significant differences between the polarity of the polyphenols, two different mobile phases were used. An ethanol/water/acetic acid (5:93:2) mobile phase was used to determine (+)‐catechin (280 nm) and (–)‐epicatechin (280 nm). On the other hand, rutin (254 nm), quercetin (254 nm) and trans‐resveratrol (306 nm) were resolved using ethanol/water/acetic acid (40:58:2) as mobile phase. Instrumental parameters were optimised and analytical parameters obtained. The analytical method was validated and applied to five different varieties of Vitis vinifera from the geographical area of Valencia.
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of the PEG‐Crosslinked Chitosan with a pH‐Independent Swelling Behavior
Authors: Kulkarni Anandrao R. , Hukkeri Vijaykumar I. , Sung Hsing‐Wen , Liang Hsiang‐Fa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: In this study, a simple method was developed to crosslink chitosan using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights. Crosslinking of chitosan was confirmed by various spectral analyses. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) study indicated that the rigid crystalline structure of chitosan was decreased after crosslinking with PEG. The PEG‐crosslinked chitosan (PEG‐Ch) showed a pH‐independent swelling behavior: swelled in both the simulated stomach (pH 1.1) and intestinal (pH 7.4) solutions. The swelling ratio of PEG‐Ch increased significantly with a higher molecular weight of PEG used. In contrast, chitosan dissolved completely in a simulated stomach solution and showed a comparatively less swelling in a simulated intestinal solution. Thus, the prepared PEG‐Ch could be a better biomaterial than chitosan in the development of orally sustained drug‐delivery devices.13C‐NMR spectra of chitosan and PEG‐Ch.magnified image13C‐NMR spectra of chitosan and PEG‐Ch.
Polyether Core‐Shell Cylinder–Polymerization of Polyglycidol Macromonomers
Authors: Mendrek Aleksandra , Mendrek Sebastian , Trzebicka Barbara , Kuckling Dirk , Walach Wojciech , Adler Hans‐Juergen , Dworak Andrzej 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis and polymerization of macromonomers containing a polymerizable styrene head group and a tail of ethylene oxide derivatives of different character were investigated. The synthesis of macromonomers was based on living anionic polymerization of oxiranes. Two monomers were used: 1‐ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether (glycidol acetal), which after hydrolysis forms hydrophilic glycidol blocks and glycidyl phenyl ether forming hydrophobic blocks. Polymerizable double bonds were introduced by terminating the living chain with p‐(chloromethyl)styrene. The radical polymerization of the macromonomers was carried out in water with addition of a non‐polar solvent (benzene) and AIBN as initiator. Core‐shell polymers of different character and molar masses were obtained. The conversion of polymerized macromonomers was around 50%. However, the polymerization product could easily be separated from the reaction mixture.
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Structure and Properties of CdS/Regenerated Cellulose Nanocomposites
Authors: Ruan Dong , Huang Qilin , Zhang Lina 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: Novel inorganic‐organic hybrid materials composed of cadmium sulfide (CdS) semiconducting nanocrystals and regenerated cellulose (RC) were prepared by using in situ synthesizing method. Cellulose was dissolved in a 6 wt.‐% NaOH/4 wt.‐% urea/thiourea aqueous solution at low temperature followed by addition of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), resulting that the CdS nanocrystals were successfully grown in situ in the cellulose solution. Nanocomposite films containing homogeneous CdS nanoparticles were obtained by casting the resulting solution. Their structure and optical properties were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, atomic force microscopy, transmittance electronic microscope, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The experimental results confirmed that the CdS nanocrystalline existed in the composite films, and cellulose matrix provided a confined medium for CdS particle growth in uniform size. The CdS/RC composites showed narrow emission in photoluminescence spectra, and their optical absorbance in the UV range was higher than that of the cellulose film without CdS. This work provided a simple method to prepare cellulose functional materials in NaOH/urea aqueous solution.Photoluminescence of CdS/RC nanocomposites and TEM image of CdS nanocrystals dispersed in RC matrix.magnified imagePhotoluminescence of CdS/RC nanocomposites and TEM image of CdS nanocrystals dispersed in RC matrix.
Poly(propylene)/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Reactive Compounding with an Epoxy Based Masterbatch
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Ke , Toh Mei Ling , He Chaobin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: Poly(propylene) (PP)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared via a novel reactive compounding approach, in which an epoxy based masterbatch consisting of 20 wt.‐% clay was introduced to poly(propylene) with the aid of a maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP). The masterbatch was prepared using a recently developed “slurry compounding” technique. After melt compounding, most clay particles have been exfoliated and dispersed into small stacks with several clay layers. WAXD data shows that the dispersion of clay is better at low clay content or high MAPP content. Due to the novelty of the preparation process and complication of the system, the tensile properties of nanocomposites exhibit some unique tendencies with varying the content of MAPP or masterbatch. It is believed that the yield strength and Young's modulus can be dramatically improved after minimizing the excess of unreacted epoxy and optimizing the dispersion of clay.TEM micrograph of PP/clay nanocomposites prepared with epoxy based masterbatch.magnified imageTEM micrograph of PP/clay nanocomposites prepared with epoxy based masterbatch.
p.H1069Q mutation in ATP7B and biochemical parameters of copper metabolism and clinical manifestation of Wilson's disease
Authors: Gromadzka Graznya , Schmidt Harmut H.J. , Genschel Janine , Bochow Bettina , Rodo M. , Tarnacka Beatek , Litwin Thomas , Chabik Grzegorz , Członkowska Anna 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe compared the effect of the p.H1069Q mutation and other non‐p.H1069Q mutations in ATP7B on the phenotypic expression of Wilson's disease (WD), and assessed whether the clinical phenotype of WD in compound heterozygotes depends on the type of mutation coexisting with the p.H1069Q. One hundred forty‐two patients with clinically, biochemically, and genetically diagnosed WD were studied. The mutational analysis of ATP7B was performed by direct sequencing. A total number of 26 mutations in ATP7B were identified. The p.His1069Gln was the most common mutation (allelic frequency: 72%). Seventy‐three patients were homozygous for this mutation. Of compound heterozygotes, 37 had frameshift/nonsense mutation, and 20 had other missense mutation on one of their ATP7B alleles. Twelve patients had two non‐p.H1069Q mutations. Patients homozygous for the p.H1069Q mutation had the less severe disturbances of copper metabolism and the latest presentation of first WD symptoms. The most severely disturbed copper metabolism and the earliest age at initial disease manifestation was noticed in non‐p.H1069Q patients. In compound heterozygotes, the type of mutation coexisting with the p.H1069Q to a small extent influenced WD phenotype. The phenotype of WD varied considerably among patients with the same genotype. The p.H1069Q mutation is associated with late WD manifestation and with a mild disruption of copper metabolism. In compound heterozygotes, the phenotype of WD to a small extent depends on the type of mutation coexisting with the p.H1069Q. Besides genotype, additional modifying factors seem to determine WD manifestations. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
In vivo multiple‐mouse MRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Bock Nicholas A. , Nieman Brian J. , Bishop Johnathan B. , Mark Henkelman R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe developed a live high‐field multiple‐mouse magnetic resonance imaging method to increase the throughput of imaging studies involving large numbers of mice. Phantom experiments were performed in 7 shielded radiofrequency (RF) coils for concurrent imaging on a 7 Tesla MRI scanner outfitted with multiple transmit and receive channels to confirm uniform signal‐to‐noise ratio and minimal ghost artifacts across images from the different RF coils. Grid phantoms were used to measure image distortion in different positions in the coils. The brains of 7 live mice were imaged in 3D in the RF coil array, and a second array of 16 RF coils was used to 3D image the whole bodies of 16 fixed, contrast agent‐perfused mice. The images of the 7 live mouse brains at 156 μm isotropic resolution and the 16 whole fixed mice at 100 μm isotropic resolution were of high quality and free of artifacts. We have thus shown that multiple‐mouse MRI increases throughput for live and fixed mouse experiments by a factor equaling the number of RF coils in the scanner. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normative values for the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA‐7) and short form Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) in patients 65 and older presenting for non‐urological care
Authors: Svatek Robert , Roche Vivyenne , Thornberg Jacqueline , Zimmern Philippe 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the scores of two commonly used urologic questionnaires in community dwelling elderly patients receiving non‐urologic primary care.MethodsPatients 65 years and older presenting for routine non‐urologic primary care from April to July 2004 were eligible for enrollment. They completed a questionnaire evaluating demographics, AUA‐7, UDI‐6, and one visual analogue quality of life (QOL) question (range 0, pleased to 10, terrible). Total and question specific scores were analyzed. In addition, correlations among urinary symptoms and QOL scores were performed.ResultsIn 157 patients who satisfied the study criteria, total and question‐specific scores for the AUA‐7 and UDI‐6 were mildly elevated and similar across age groups in both sexes. Question 1 (frequency) rendered the highest score for both women and men from the UDI‐6 questionnaire (mean 1.3 and 0.74, respectively). Question 7 (nocturia) rendered the highest score for both women and men from the AUA‐7 questionnaire (mean 1.87 and 0.940, respectively). A total of 32 (27%) of 118 women and 6 (15%) of 39 men were found to have high elevation in QOL scores (>5).ConclusionThe total scores for the AUA‐7 and UDI‐6 were found to be mildly elevated but stable with age over time in this older population. These data provide useful information for urologists regarding baseline ranges for urinary symptoms in the elderly population. Over one‐third of women were found to have a significant elevation in QOL scores (>5) which suggest a need for improvement in identifying and addressing urinary symptoms among elderly women. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repair of vaginal vault prolapse and pelvic floor relaxation using polypropylene mesh
Authors: Rutman Matthew P. , Deng Donna Y. , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Raz Shlomo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAimsThe sacrouterine ligament/cardinal (SULC) complex and prerectal fascia attach at the perineal body, forming a single support unit preventing levator descent. Many patients with vault prolapse have levator descent and widening of the hiatus. Existing transvaginal procedures do not address pelvic floor descent. We describe a technique utilizing polypropylene mesh to repair pelvic floor relaxation and prevent levator descent, along with restoration of the SULC complex in vaginal vault repair.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 50 patients who had a transvaginal mesh vault/posterior wall reconstruction. A T‐shaped soft prolene mesh is prepared fixing the two arms of the mesh and recreating the SULC complex in support of the cuff. The vertical segment of the mesh is transferred over the prerectal fascia and secured to the pelvic floor musculature. The rectocele is repaired incorporating the mesh distally preventing pelvic floor descent. Surgical outcome was determined by patient self‐assessment including quality of life (QoL) measure as well as pelvic examination using POP‐Q staging.ResultsMean age was 67 years. Mean follow‐up was 6 months (range 3–12). There were no intraoperative complications. There have been two apical (4%) recurrences. Mean QoL score postoperatively on a 0–6 scale was 0.74 (0 = delighted, 1 = pleased). Pelvic floor descent has been repaired on all patients. Postoperative POP‐Q reveals restoration of normal anatomy.ConclusionsWe report a new technique that recreates the SULC complex in support of the vaginal vault with the aid of prolene mesh. It is the first transvaginal procedure described to reconstruct the pelvic floor in attempt to prevent pelvic floor descent. Neurourol. Urdynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phytochemical profiling of new and old world Hypericum (St. John's Wort) species
Authors: Crockett Sara L. , Schaneberg Brian , Khan Ikhlas A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBotanical extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (common St. John's Wort) are used in the USA and in Europe as a treatment for mild to moderate depression, although controversy surrounds the identity of the active constituent(s). RP‐HPLC with photodiode array detection was used to separate and quantify nine compounds of pharmacological interest in extracts from 74 taxa of Hypericum native to the Old and New World. Chemical profiles of these constituents may be used to distinguish extracts of H. perforatum from those of other species of Hypericum, and to indicate species that may be of interest for further phytochemical investigation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of degradation mechanisms in field‐tested CdTe modules
Authors: Carlsson Thomas , Brinkman Andy 
Published: October 2005

AbstractField tests and accelerated ageing tests were conducted on CdTe photovoltaic modules with Sb‐based back contacts. Significant performance degradation was observed during one and a half years of outdoor exposure. Small‐area samples were prepared from field tested modules and characterized with current–voltage, capacitance–voltage and resistance measurements. Results show that module performance degradation in the field can be partly attributed to a decrease in doping concentration close to the CdS/CdTe junction and an increased resistance in the transparent front contact. A comparison with results in the literature indicates that bias voltage may play a role in the degradation process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled radical polymerization of a trialkylsilyl methacrylate by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Nguyen M. N. , Bressy C. , Margaillan A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a hydrolyzable monomer (tert‐butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate) with cumyl dithiobenzoate and 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate as chain‐transfer agents was studied in toluene solutions at 70 °C. The resulting homopolymers had low polydispersity (polydispersity index < 1.3) up to 96% monomer conversion with molecular weights at high conversions close to the theoretical prediction. The profiles of the number‐average molecular weight versus the conversion revealed controlled polymerization features with chain‐transfer constants expected between 1.0 and 10. A series of poly(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate)s were synthesized over the molecular weight range of 1.0 × 104 to 3.0 × 104, as determined by size exclusion chromatography. As strong differences of hydrodynamic volumes in tetrahydrofuran between poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene standards, and poly(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate) were observed, true molecular weights were obtained from a light scattering detector equipped in a triple‐detector size exclusion chromatograph. The Mark–Houwink–Sakurada parameters for poly(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate) were assessed to obtain directly true molecular weight values from size exclusion chromatography with universal calibration. In addition, a RAFT agent efficiency above 94% was confirmed at high conversions by both light scattering detection and 1H NMR spectroscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5680–5689, 2005
Measuring discord in treatment decision‐making; progress toward development of a cancer communication and decision‐making assessment tool
Authors: Siminoff Laura A. , Rose Julia H. , Zhang Amy , Zyzanski Stephen J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFamilies, as a unit, play an important role in the process of making decisions about care for and with adult cancer patients. Families often step in as the patient's advocate and primary decision‐maker as the patient's condition deteriorates. How well caregivers fulfill that role may depend on the level of congruence between the family members and the patient. Disagreements may jeopardize processes of decision‐making and treatment choice. To facilitate the clinical assessment process and to provide a tool for research, we are designing an instrument that can validly and reliably assess the level of family discord concerning the treatment of late stage cancer as they consider participation in clinical trials, palliative care and salvage treatment such as chemotherapy designed to decrease tumor burden without hope of cure. Development of the instrument is a four step process to develop and test the instrument: (1) formative interviewing with lung cancer patients and their family caregivers to identify and develop a comprehensive list of domains and items; (2) refinement of the items' wording with a sample of 43 patients and 67 family caregivers; (3) testing the reduced item pool to determine statistical and content validity and reliability with an initial of sample of 42 patients and their primary caregivers; (4) examination of the 30‐item scale's properties with 160 lung cancer patients and their primary caregivers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tenth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering
Authors: Blau Winfried 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPlasma News: This section contains news of the plasma community all over the world. Articles about, for example, people, projects, and market trends are welcome. Suggestions should be sent to the editorial office of the Plasma Processes and Polymers, preferably by E‐mail to plasma@wiley‐vch.de. The editorial office decides which articles will be published.
Use of bioinformatics tools for the annotation of disease‐associated mutations in animal models
Authors: Ferrer‐Costa Carles , Orozco Modesto , de la Cruz Xavier 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSingle‐point mutations are one of the most frequent causes of genetic variability in both human and close species. The recent availability of different bioinformatics tools for annotating human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has opened the possibility of using them to score SNPs from species with a biomedical interest, in particular from mice and other models of human disease. Also, this ability to predict pathogenicity of single point mutations in one species, based on data from another species, opens the possibility to predict the pathological character of single point mutations in humans using data from well‐characterized model systems of human disease. This could provide a valuable alternative to the more traditional genetic population approaches. However, transferral of prediction tools may be limited by different factors, from a species bias in the training set, to a large sequence divergence between the proteomes of the training and the target species. Here we study the conditions under which prediction tools can be transferred among species, concentrating in the case of mice. We find that for the majority of the human–mouse homolog pairs, the sequence similarity is large enough to preserve the pathological character of mutations among species, in general. We then establish that prediction/annotation tools developed for one organism can be used to predict the neutral/pathological character of mutations/SNPs in the other organism. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermoluminescence characteristics of terbium‐doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphor
Authors: Liu Liyan , Zhang Yanli , Hao Jingquan , Li Chengyu , Tang Qiang , Zhang Chunxiang , Su Qiang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) characteristics and dosimetric properties of Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphor doped with Tb3+ exposed to gamma‐ray irradiation are reported for the first time. Firstly, the influence of different rare earth dopants, i.e. Dy3+, Tb3+ and Tm3+, on TL of Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphor is discussed. All glow curves consist of two TL peaks located at 109–120 °C and 199–220 °C and Tb3+‐doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphor exhibits the highest TL sensitivity. Secondly, the effects of concentration of Tb3+ and gamma‐ray irradiation dose on TL are investigated. The optimum Tb3+ concentration is 2 mol% and the TL kinetic parameters of Ba2Ca(BO3)2:0.02Tb are calculated by the peak shape method. The high‐temperature peak for this sample shifts to higher temperature with increasing irradiation dose. Furthermore, the dosimetric properties of Ba2Ca(BO3)2:0.02Tb phosphor, i.e. the pre‐irradiation annealing treatment, reproducibility and linearity, are studied, the results of which indicate that Tb3+‐doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphor has a potential application in the personal protection dosimetry field. TL emission of the phosphor is observed to peak at about 485, 542, 580 and 625 nm originating from the characteristic transitions of Tb3+. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)