bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR SCREENING LARGE NUMBERS OF RECOMBINANT DNA CLONES*
Authors: DONG BINGXUE , OUYANG LAN , QIN LIANG , LI GANG 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT Screening recombinant DNA clones from cDNA library or transformation experiments is a regular task in molecular biology research; the routine alkaline extraction procedure is tedious and time consuming (90–120 min for 12 samples), and unsuitable for screening large numbers of clones from these experiments, especially when no blue‐white indicator (α‐complementation of lacZ gene) exists in recombinant clones. Some commercial plasmid preparation kits are more rapid (20–60 min for 12 samples) and simple in plasmid extraction; however, they are costly on a daily basis. Therefore, a simple, rapid and economic method for screening recombinant DNA clones is needed. Here we present an extremely simple, rapid and economic procedure of plasmid DNA preparation for screening recombinant clones from cDNA library or transformation experiments based on a modified alkaline lysis method. In this method, bacterial colonies or cultures were directly lysed in 2% NaOH solution, and then recombinant plasmids in the supernatant were visualized quickly by agarose gel electrophoresis. The entire process, from Escherichia coli colonies or cultures to plasmid DNA, takes only about 12–15 min for 12 samples, which is the quickest method for plasmid preparation in our best knowledge. Hundreds of recombinant clones with no easy screening method can be rapidly identified in several hours using this method.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOur approach is extremely rapid and simple to screen large numbers of recombinant clones from bacterial colonies or bacterial cultures of cDNA library or transformation experiments. It is especially suitable for identifying those high copy recombinant vectors without blue‐white color reaction such as pDNR‐LIB, pPICZαA, etc. In addition, this protocol is also suitable for extracting plasmids and screening recombinant DNA clones from bacterial cultures. Our data have indicated that plasmids extracted by our method could meet the criteria for restriction enzyme digestion after neutralization.
VALIDATION OF YEAST IDENTIFICATION BY IN SILICO RFLP
Authors: RASPOR PETER , ZUPAN JURE , ČADEŽ NEŽA 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT Reliability, high reproducibility and high throughput are advantages of genetic identification methods over conventional methods based on phenotypic characteristics. In our work, we showed that the PCR‐RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) method can be a very powerful identification or validation method, if it is combined with computer‐based restriction analysis of sequences stored in broadening databases. We isolated 197 yeast samples from grape berries and fermenting grape must and identified 13 species. For identification conventional methods, D1/D2 sequencing and PCR‐RFLP of ITS regions were used. Because in our case, conventional methods were found insufficient for reliable and fast identification, in silico RFLP was applied; using appropriate software, enzyme restriction patterns on the agarose gel were simulated and compared with the restriction pattern obtained with PCR‐RFLP. With this in silico approach we managed to identify or validate the identification of all 13 species. Our results show that natural isolates of ascomycetous or basidiomycetous yeasts can be rapidly (in 3 days) and reliably identified by in silico RFLP.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In silico RFLP will be highly useful in the identification process of yeasts that could be reliably identified by conventional methods. For its speed, simplicity, high reproducibility and high throughput if compared to conventional identification methods, the method will be chosen when rapid validation or identification of yeast samples is needed. Another application, determining the enzymes, which distinguishes one species from another using RFLP, is obvious. Moreover, a database of ITS sequences will have great value at phylogenetic classification of new undescribed species.We believe that a program such as CandID with restriction databases of other yeast species can enrich the microbiological practice in the future.
EVALUATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES, SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN GROUND BEEF WITH CRANBERRY CONCENTRATE BY THIN AGAR LAYER METHOD
Authors: QIU XUJIAN , WU VIVIAN C.H. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the antimicrobial effects of cranberry concentrate on four foodborne pathogens in ground beef. Ground beef samples inoculated with pathogens were supplemented with cranberry concentrate (10% w/w) or sterile water (control) and kept at 21C and 7C for 7 days. Thin agar layer plates were used to enumerate pathogens. Results showed that Salmonella Typhimurium was reduced to undetectable levels after 7 days at 7C and after 3 days at 21C. In contrast to the control, cranberry concentrate suppressed Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus by 2.3–4.1 log cfu/g at 7C and by 5.5–8.0 log cfu/g at 21C on day 7. The antimicrobial effects of cranberry concentrate were more effective at 21C than at 7C. E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium (Gram‐negative) were more sensitive to the cranberry concentrate than S. aureus and L. monocytogenes (Gram‐positive). Cranberry concentrate could be used to control foodborne pathogens in the food industry.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSGround beef is a potentially hazardous food product, which can be contaminated by pathogens and cause foodborne outbreaks. Cranberries have proven antimicrobial effects and many health benefits. Ground beef supplemented with cranberry concentrate may help to increase the safety of the product and also offer health benefits.
Measuring asthma self‐management knowledge in adults
Authors: Schaffer Susan D. , Yarandi Hossein N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: To present the development and psychometrics of a brief asthma self‐management questionnaire for adults incorporating the five content areas considered essential for asthma self‐management by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program.Data sources: After development of the criterion‐referenced questionnaire, determination of content validity, pilot testing, and revision, the questionnaire was administered to 305 adults with asthma.Conclusions: After exploratory principal component factor analysis, the final 24‐item questionnaire had a reliability of .69, close to the preferred reliability of .70.Implications: The questionnaire is recommended for assessing self‐management knowledge in clinical settings and for evaluation of asthma education programs.
Insulin detemir: A new option for the treatment of diabetes
Authors: Funnell Martha M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: To highlight the pharmacology, clinical data, and practical application for the use of insulin detemir, a new long‐acting insulin analog in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Data sources: Published clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies of insulin detemir, as well as contemporary studies and reviews about the management of patients with type 2 diabetes.Conclusions: Insulin therapy, if titrated appropriately, is the most physiological and effective intervention for lowering blood glucose and may help preserve β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin detemir, in comparative clinical trials, has been shown to provide effective glycemic control and a consistent blood glucose–lowering response for up to 24 h, a decreased incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia, and less weight gain than other basal insulin formulations.Implications for practice: Insulin therapy is often met with resistance from both patients and healthcare providers because of concerns about its effectiveness, hypoglycemia, injections, and weight gain. Insulin detemir, designed to closely mimic basal insulin secretion, may help overcome some of the barriers to effective diabetes management, i.e., hypoglycemia and weight gain, and lead to better outcomes.
A comparison of folic acid awareness and intake among young women aged 18–24 years
Authors: Hilton Judith Johnson 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: To investigate public understanding of the importance of folic acid intake in young women aged 18–24 years.Data sources: A written questionnaire designed by the researcher was administered to 138 young women aged 18–24 years attending college or those seeking care in the county health facility. A total of 88 complete questionnaires were used for the data analysis.Conclusions: Young women were not aware of the importance of folic acid, were not taking multivitamins containing folic acid, and were not consuming enough folic acid in their diets. No relationship existed between pregnancy intention and folic acid intake, suggesting that those who were planning a pregnancy in the near future were not consuming adequate amounts of folic acid.Implications for practice: A lack of knowledge regarding the importance of folic acid may lead to poor pregnancy outcomes. Many educational opportunities exist and should be developed in clinics, physician’s offices, and classes which involve young women in this age group.
Dental Health Among Homebound Elderly
Authors: Strayer Michael S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCurrently, little is known about the oral health status, perceived oral health needs, or the extent of dental utilization among community‐dwelling, functionally dependent elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the dental health of functionally dependent elderly living at home and receiving community‐based support services. The functional limitations experienced by these elderly living at home are comparable to functional limitations experienced by institutionalized elderly and these limitations impact on oral hygiene and access to dental care. Oral examinations and questionnaires were completed on 50 clients of an urban social service agency. Subjects had a mean of 8.8 teeth/person, with 44 percent completely edentulous. Two subgroups identified from the questionnaire—those who perceived themselves homebound (n/30) and those who did not (n=20), did not differ by age, gender, education level, or race. Respondents reported being homebound an average of 4.5 (±2.9) years. The mean decayed, filled teeth for the perceived homebound group was 5.1, and 7.3 for the group that did not perceive themselves as homebound, with both groups averaging less than of one tooth/person with active root decay. Health care and social policy agendas must address the changing scope of oral health needs and limited access to dental care experienced by an aging population retaining more of their natural dentition.
The Influence of Social, Economic, and Professional Considerations on Services Offered by Dentists to Long‐term Care Residents
Authors: Weiss Rachel T. , Morrison Brenda J. , MacEntee Michael I. , Waxier‐Morrison Nancy E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMany studies have focused on the disabilities and behavior of the elderly population in an attempt to explain the frequent reports of poor oral health among residents of long‐term care (LTC) facilities, but little attention has been given to the experiences and opinions of dentists relating to the problem. This study was conducted to discover how dentists feel about older patients and about working in LTC facilities. A response to a questionnaire was obtained from 334 (55%) of the 603 dentists in Vancouver who treated adults. The responses were subjected to bivariate and multivariate analyses. Three models were constructed from factors that might interest a dentist in attending a patient in a facility; the factors in each model were ranked in order of importance. Interest was associated significantly with lack of concern for time lost in practice, with training in managing medically compromised patients, and with a positive attitude toward elderly patients. Dentists with fewer years in practice were attracted by the economic potential of the service, while the older and busier dentists were less involved because of the disruption to their practice and leisure. Dentists who made home visits also were more likely to be interested. The model based on professional considerations was superior to either the social or economic model in explaining an interest in the service.
The Relationship Between Dental Utilization and Preventive Participation Among a Well‐elderly Sample
Authors: Atchison Kathryn A. , Mayer‐Oakes S. Allison , Schweitzer Stuart O. , Lubben James E. , De Jong Fred J. , Matthias Ruth E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that dental utilization by older people is lower than for the general population. This study hypothesizes that an elder's tendency toward participating in preventive health activities may be an important factor in explaining the likelihood of accessing the dentist. Subjects included 1,911 older individuals who enrolled in the UCLA Medicare Screening and Health Promotion Trial. All were interviewed about their utilization of preventive health services and participation in preventive behaviors. A recent dental visit was positively associated with all sociodemographic variables examined except age and sex. It was also related to health status questions and utilization of the preventive health services and health behaviors studied. Logistic regression analysis showed that both summary preventive health behavior and preventive service utilization variables were important factors in explaining a recent dental visit (model chi‐square/221.4, P=.001) along with income, not having a removable prosthesis, and perceiving the need for dental care. This study showed that dental utilization is related to older people's participation in other preventive activities. When in contact with older people, health care professionals should consider current oral and general preventive health status and encourage appropriate referral for preventive activities.
Fluoride Supplements in Caries Prevention: A Literature Review and Proposal for a New Dosage Schedule
Authors: Riordan Paul J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFluoride supplements have contributed significantly to caries prevention; however, better information about the dynamic nature of fluoride's effect on caries has made a reappraisal desirable. It seems, from a review of the literature, that the benefit from supplement use that can be expected today in populations in low‐fluoride areas is small. Possible reasons include the low caries incidence in children of recent years. Few people are willing to use supplements with sufficient regularity to achieve an effect. The principal mode of action of fluoride in supplements, topical exposure of teeth to fluoride, can be achieved with toothpastes and other means. Supplement use has been associated with dental fluorosis in children. This is displeasing to look at and may put at risk the undoubted benefits of water fluoridation if the public associates fluoride with negative cosmetic effects. This reason alone should be sufficient to compel a reconsideration of existing recommendations. An appropriate new dosage schedule for fluoride supplements should be aimed only at identifiable high caries‐risk individuals, not at groups defined by age or residence and should result in much lower fluoride intake in the age span birth‐eight years than many current recommendations. It should start at six months or later, expressly recommend lozenges rather than tablets for swallowing to maximize the topical effect, stipulate that the maximum fluoride ion content of a tablet be 0.50 mg to reduce the chances of fluorosis and over consumption, and have no upper age limit, as caries risk may occur at any age. A dosage schedule meeting these requirements is proposed.
Occlusal Dental Caries Incidence and Implications for Sealant Programs in a US College Student Population
Authors: Stahl John W. , Katz Ralph V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGiven the decline in dental caries incidence in preteens and young teenagers in the United States, a study of the incidence of dental caries in young adults (17–23 years) was conducted to provide a descriptive epidemiologic picture of this “new” natural history of dental caries in the late and post‐teenage years. A retrospective study was performed analyzing the detailed dental records of the four‐year college experience in the class of 1989, US Coast Guard Academy. Occlusal caries incidence, in the absence of associated proximal caries, was shown to be moderately common in molars (11.9%) and rare in pre‐ molars (0.8%). In contrast to previous studies' findings, demographic indicators, socioeconomic status indicators, and prior caries experience were poor predictors of occlusal caries incidence; targeting a universal sealant policy in this population therefore would be done best by tooth type rather than patient type. A preliminary costcomparison model, projected over a 40‐month period, suggests that the cost of initiating a universal molar sealant policy in this population would be 92 cents per year per student greater than the cost of restoring occlusal caries in the presence of sound proximal surfaces. This cost comparison suggests that it would be advantageous to initiate such a policy.
Comparison of Oral Health Ratings by Dentists and Dentate Elders
Authors: Atchison Kathryn A. , Matthias Ruth E. , Dolan Teresa A. , Lubben James E. , De Jong Fred , Schweitzer Stuart O. , Mayer‐Oakes S. Allison 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPrevious studies suggest a discrepancy between the way dentists and patients measure oral health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a dentist's rating of an older dentate person's oral health and the patient self‐rating using a single‐item indicator, and to compare the clinical (i.e., number of teeth, caries, etc.) and subjective (problems with function, pain, etc.) factors that influence the rating. The study sample consisted of 776 older dentate people. Results showed that dentists judged subjects' oral health significantly more positively than the self‐ratings. Approximately 30 percent of the elders rated their oral health identically to the dentist and half rated their oral health lower than the dentist. Bivariate comparisons showed that similar clinical and subjective variables were associated with the dentist and patient ratings. Multiple regression findings, however, highlighted differences in the factors that influenced the ratings. In addition, the proportion of variance accounted for by the clinical factors as opposed to the subjective factors was greater for the dentist rating (R2=.28 of.33) than the subject self‐rating (R2=.18 of.43).
Delivery of Oral Health Care Through the Ryan White CARE Act to People Infected with HIV
Authors: Schneider Donald A. , Hardwick Kevin S. , Marconi Katherine M. , Niemcryk Steve J. , Bowen G. Stephen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 1990 was passed by Congress “to improve the quality and availability of care for individuals and families with HIV disease.” The act targets those individuals infected with HI V who lack financial resources to pay for care. While provision of oral health care is not mandated by the legislation, many oral health services are supported through five different programs receiving CARE Act funding. Legislative mandates, program guidance materials, grant applications, and other related materials were reviewed to analyze oral health care services supported or proposed through the CARE Act. In fiscal year 1991, an estimated $5.8 million of the total CARE Act funds ($229.6 million) were used for oral health care, and there is evidence that oral health concerns will receive increasing attention by grantees in future years. Opportunities exist for local oral health professionals to become involved in CARE Act programs and in the priority development process. It is possible that CARE Act grantees will serve as catalysts for the development of partnerships between private practitioners and public sector programs—relationships that could lead to improved access and quality of care for people with HIV infection.
Teachers as Actors: The Implications of Acting on Physics Teaching
Authors: Milner-Bolotin Marina 
Published: September 2007

In the spring of 2006, a rather unusual advertisement by the Centre of Teaching and Academic Growth at UBC (http://www.tag.ubc.ca) came to my attention. Faculty members were invited to take part in a workshop entitled “All the World's a Stage: Teachers as Actors,” offered by a zoology instructor and an amateur actor, Greg Bole:
Teaching can be seen as creating an interpersonal relationship and hence uses many of the same skills as acting. The investigation and use of acting skills in teacher preparation can allow a greater facility with diverse methods, increase skill at adapting to change in the classroom or lecture hall, and an increased ability to quickly form positive relationships with students. (Greg Bole: http://www.tag.ubc.ca/programs/series-detail.php?series_id=249 )
Role of Lon, an ATP-Dependent Protease Homolog, in Resistance of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Brazas Michelle D. , Breidenstein Elena B. M. , Overhage Joerg , Hancock Robert E. W. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

With few novel antimicrobials in the pharmaceutical pipeline, resistance to the current selection of antibiotics represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Microbial persistence in subinhibitory antibiotic environments has been proposed to contribute to the development of resistance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cultures pretreated with subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin were found to exhibit an adaptive resistance phenotype when cultures were subsequently exposed to suprainhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations. Microarray experiments revealed candidate genes involved in such adaptive resistance. Screening of 10,000 Tn
5
-
luxCDABE
mutants identified several mutants with increased or decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibilities, including mutants in PA1803, a close homolog of the ATP-dependent
lon
protease, which were found to exhibit ≥4-fold-increased susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones, but not to gentamicin or imipenem, as well as a characteristic elongated morphology. Complementation of the
lon
mutant restored wild-type antibiotic susceptibility and cell morphology. Expression of the
lon
mutant, as monitored through a luciferase reporter fusion, was found to increase over time in the presence of subinhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the induction of Lon by ciprofloxacin is involved in adaptive resistance.