bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide‐Area Estimates of Stand Structure and Water Use of Tamarix spp. on the Lower Colorado River: Implications for Restoration and Water Management Projects
Authors: Nagler Pamela L. , Glenn Edward P. , Didan Kamel , Osterberg John , Jordan Fiona , Cunningham Jack 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Tamarix spp. removal has been proposed to salvage water and allow native vegetation to recolonize western U.S. riparian corridors. We conducted wide‐area studies on the Lower Colorado River to answer some of the scientific questions about Tamarix water use and the consequences of removal, combining ground surveys with remote sensing methods. Tamarix stands had moderate rates of evapotranspiration (ET), based on remote sensing estimates, averaging 1.1 m/yr, similar to rates determined for other locations on the river and other rivers. Leaf area index values were also moderate, and stands were relatively open, with areas of bare soil interspersed within stands. At three Tamarix sites in the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, groundwater salinity at the site nearest to the river (200 m) was relatively low (circa 2,250 mg/L) and was within 3 m of the surface. However, 750 and 1,500 m from the river, the groundwater salinity was 5,000–10,000 mg/L due to removal of water by the Tamarix stands. Despite the high groundwater salinity, the sites away from the river did not have saline surface soils. Only 1% of the mean annual river flow is lost to Tamarix ET on the Lower Colorado River in the United States, and the opportunities for water salvage through Tamarix removal are constrained by its modest ET rates. A possible alternative to Tamarix removal is to intersperse native plants among the stands to improve the habitat value of the riparian zone.
Encephalopathy with combined lithium‐risperidone administration
Authors: Boora K. , Xu J. , Hyatt J. 
Published: March 2008

Objective:  Lithium‐neuroleptics induced encephalopathy is a rare drug interaction. Here I am reporting a patient who developed reversible encepatholopathy with lithium‐risperidone combination.Method:  A single case report.Result:  A patient of bipolar disorder, who presented with manic symptoms with psychotic feature, started with a combination of lithium and risperidone. Within few days, the patient developed encepatholopathy, which reversed upon discontinuation of lithium and risperidone.Conclusion:  Combining lithium and neuroleptic is useful in treatment of bipolar disorder. However, encepatholapthy can be anticipated to result when lithium is used with high potency anti‐psychotic such as haloperidol and risperidone and there are baseline EEG abnormalities.
Involvement of granzyme B and granulysin in the cytotoxic response in lichen planus
Authors: Ammar M. , Mokni M. , Boubaker S. , El Gaied Amel , Ben Osman A. , Louzir H. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Lichen planus is an inflammatory dermatosis involving either skin and/or mucosal epithelial surfaces. A cell‐mediated cytotoxicity response is the main suspected mechanism of this dermatosis. Granzyme B and granulysin are components of the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killers. They are involved in cell‐mediated apoptosis. This work studies the possible implication of granzyme B and granulysin in the cell‐mediated cytotoxicity response in lichen planus.Methods:  In situ expression of granzyme B and granulysin was studied by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 15 biopsies of lichen planus. The distribution and the phenotype of the inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of granzyme B were studied by immunohistochemistry in seven other biopsies of lichen planus.Results:  Granzyme B and granulysin mRNA expression was one to two hundred times greater than in biopsies of normal skin. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the lymphohistiocytic infiltrate consisted mainly of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Granzyme B+ cells were observed close to apoptotic keratinocytes.Conclusion:  Our results suggest a central role for cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by the granule exocytosis pathway probably because of auto‐cytotoxic T‐cell clones in the pathogenesis of lichen planus.
Mitosis in dermatofibroma: a worrisome histopathologic sign that does not necessarily equal recurrence
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Manjon Jose A. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  High mitotic rate is a worrying histopathologic feature that pathologists occasionally face when diagnosing benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH), that otherwise seem to be benign. The clinical significance of this histologic feature has not been completely studied, because no studies on large series of BFH have been carried out, concerning mitotic rate as the only worrisome morphologic sign, in relation with recurrence.Methods:  In order to study how common a high mitotic rate is in BFH, which do not present any other worrisome morphological signs, we studied 200 cases from our archives and counted the number of mitosis per 10 high power fields (HPFs) in all of them. We selected those cases that had a mitotic number of 4 or more mitosis per 10 HPF. We also performed the immunohistochemical study with MIB‐1 antibody (DakoCytomation, Denmark A/S). The clinical histories of the patients were also reviewed, in order to find out if there had been any recurrence.Results:  Four BFH presented four or more mitosis in ten HPF. None of them had presented any recurrence or metastasis, and the follow‐up time was at least for 71 months.Conclusions:  We conclude that common BFH can occasionally present a high mitotic rate and still show a benign behavior.
Platelet‐derived growth factor may be associated with fibrosis in a Down syndrome patient with transient myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Ogawa Jiro , Kanegane Hirokazu , Tsuneyama Koichi , Kanezaki Rika , Futatani Takeshi , Nomura Keiko , Ishizawa Shin , Sasahara Masakiyo , Ito Etsuro , Miyawaki Toshio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTransient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is experienced by approximately 10% of neonates with Down syndrome (DS). Most TMD is asymptomatic and the patients undergo spontaneous remission within a few months. However, some cases are fatal because of systemic organ dysfunctions including hepatic fibrosis. Some cytokines such as platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) may be involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis in TMD. The report describes a fatal case of TMD accompanying DS. The patient presented with pulmonary hypertension and hepatic failure. An autopsy disclosed severe fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney and pancreas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression of PDGF receptor β in the severe fibrotic areas of the fibrotic tissues. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated the expression of PDGFα and PDGFβ in the peripheral blood samples of the patient. The finding indicates that the PDGF pathway may play an important role in the fibrosis of several organs in patients with TMD.
Clinical and pathologic manifestation of oesophagostomosis in African great apes: does self‐medication in wild apes influence disease progression?
Authors: Krief Sabrina , Jamart Aliette , Mahé Sandrine , Leendertz Fabian H. , Mätz‐Rensing Kerstin , Crespeau François , Bain Odile , Guillot Jacques 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp.) are common intestinal parasites found in cattle, pig, and primates including humans. In human, they are responsible for serious clinical disease called oesophagostomosis resulting from the formation of granulomas, caseous lesions or abscesses in intestinal walls. In wild great apes, the fecal prevalence of this parasite is high, but little information is available concerning the clinical signs and lesions associated. In the present study, we describe six cases of multinodular oesophagostomosis in free‐ranging and ex‐captive chimpanzees and captive gorillas caused by Oesophagostomum stephanostomum. While severe clinical signs associated with this infection were observed in great apes raised in sanctuaries, nodules found in wild chimpanzees do not seem to affect their health status. One hypothesis to explain this difference would be that in wild chimpanzees, access to natural environment and behavior such as rough leaves swallowing combined with ingestion of plants having pharmacological properties would prevent severe infection and decrease potential symptoms.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Role of μ‐Calpain in Human Decidua for Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Kumagai Kyoko , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Nakanishi Tamao , Inomata Mitsushi , Furuno Tadahide , Nakanishi Mamoru , Ogasawara Mayumi S. 
Published: March 2008

Problem  Earlier, we showed that calpain activated by increasing intracellular calcium ion concentration in endometrial cells, causes endometrial dysfunction for implantation and early pregnancy. In the present study, we investigated the existence and distribution of calpains, calpastatin, integrin β3 and α‐fodrin in decidua from patients with recurrent miscarriage.Method of study  Deciduae were surgically collected from 29 patients with recurrent miscarriage and 20 healthy women with informed consent. Immunohistochemistry, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western blot analysis were performed.Results  Staining of μ‐calpain, m‐calpain, calpastatin, integrin β3 and α‐fodrin were observed in the cytoplasm of stromal and epithelial cells in decidua using immunohistochemistry. No significant differences were observed in staining patterns. Western blot analysis showed no significant differences in expression of m‐calpain, calpastatin and α‐fodrin, whereas μ‐calpain was significantly higher and integrin β3 was lower in subject.Conclusion  The results suggest that cleavage of integrin β3 by μ‐calpain may have an adverse effect on the mechanism of early pregnancy.
Periodontal disease: associations with diabetes, glycemic control and complications
Authors: Taylor GW , Borgnakke WS 
Published: March 2008

Objective:  This report reviews the evidence for adverse effects of diabetes on periodontal health and periodontal disease on glycemic control and complications of diabetes.Design:  MEDLINE search of the English language literature identified primary research reports published on (a) relationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases since 2000 and (b) effects of periodontal infection on glycemic control and diabetes complications since 1960.Results:  Observational studies provided consistent evidence of greater prevalence, severity, extent, or progression of at least one manifestation of periodontal disease in 13/17 reports reviewed. Treatment and longitudinal observational studies provided evidence to support periodontal infection having an adverse effect on glycemic control, although not all investigations reported an improvement in glycemic control after periodontal treatment. Additionally, evidence from three observational studies supported periodontal disease increasing the risk for diabetes complications and no published reports refuted the findings.Conclusion:  The evidence reviewed supports diabetes having an adverse effect on periodontal health and periodontal infection having an adverse effect on glycemic control and incidence of diabetes complications. Further rigorous study is necessary to establish unequivocally that treating periodontal infections can contribute to glycemic control management and to the reduction of the burden of diabetes complications.
Investigating the Link between the Pill and Cancer
Authors: Hannaford Phil 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Does the contraceptive pill increase the risk of cancer? The question has been asked ever since the pill was introduced, and is one that must worry almost every woman in the country. Small wonder that when the results of a long-term study, which began 40 years ago, came out in the autumn it made front-page headlines. As Phil Hannaford explains, answering the question was not straightforward.
Bacon Sandwiches and Middle – Class Drinkers: The Risk of Communicating Risk
Authors: Spiegelhalter David , Riesch Hauke 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Last year, Cambridge University created the new post of Winton Professor of the Public Understanding of Risk and appointed David Spiegelhalter to the role. With Hauke Riesch he reflects on some news stories that came up soon after he started in his job.
No Islands: Charting a Course for UK Official Statistics
Authors: Alldritt Richard , Laux Richard 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Our system of official statistics in the UK is one of the most decentralised and elaborate in the world. As well as the Office for National Statistics (ONS), it spans several sizeable centres of expertise in Whitehall departments and in the three devolved administrations; and it embraces agencies such as the Higher Education Statistics Agency and the Information Centre for Health and Social Care, which sit at arms length from central departments. In 2008, legislation establishing a new Statistics Board, with oversight not just of the ONS but of all official figures produced by these bodies, will come fully into force. Richard Alldritt of the Statistics Commission and Richard Laux of the ONS identify some of the challenges facing the statistical system at this time of transition and suggests a course that the Statistics Board might want to steer.
Analysis of prognostic factors for 5 year survival in surgically treated patients with carcinoma cervix stages IB1, IB2 and IIA
Authors: SALHAN Sudha , TRIPATHI Vrijesh , GAIKWAD Harsha S 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: To identify pathological and clinical prognostic factors that best predict 5 year survival among patients with early stage cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy.Methods: Data from 77 patients diagnosed at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India with carcinoma cervix were taken from 1997 to 2002. Patients were followed up for 5 years. Survival probability was calculated through Kaplan–Meier method for overall survival at 5 years. Univariate and multivariate analysis with Cox's regression model was used to statistically identify the best combination of these risk factors to predict prognosis.Results: Univariate analysis revealed tumour size, lymph node involvement and parametrial spread as significant prognostic factors for survival. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node involvement and parametrial spread remained significant prognostic factors. Overall carcinoma with tumour size of less than 4 cms had a higher chance for survival.Conclusion: The presence of lymph node involvement and parametrial spread decreased the chance of survival by two and a half and threefold, respectively. Lack of awareness about the screening, symptoms of disease and non‐availability of early diagnostic facilities such as the Pap smear at a primary health care level are areas of priority. The most pressing need is to spread awareness among sexually active women to undergo Pap tests at regular intervals.
Anticoagulation prophylaxis for central venous catheter‐associated thrombosis in cancer patients: An Australian perspective
Authors: KOSMIDER Suzanne , FIELD Kathryn M , JEFFORD Michael , GIBBS Peter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground:  The use of indwelling central venous catheters (CVC) for chemotherapy delivery is essential for people receiving therapies by protracted venous infusion and for patients with difficult venous access. Complications include infection and catheter‐related thrombosis. Strategies have been suggested to prevent catheter‐related thrombosis, however, there is no clear consensus on how to proceed. Guidelines recommend against the use of prophylactic anticoagulation in adult patients with solid organ malignancies and an indwelling CVC. We investigated the practice of Australian medical oncologists.Methods:  A written questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Medical Oncology Group of Australia assessing practices of prophylactic anticoagulation in adult patients with solid organ malignancies and CVC.Results:  Responses were obtained from 141 (55%) medical oncologists and from 40 advanced trainees. Ten percent (n = 4) of oncology trainees and 18.4% (n = 26) of medical oncologists routinely administered anticoagulants to patients with a CVC without a previous history of line‐related thrombus. The most common strategy employed (73% of those using anticoagulation) was to recommend 1 mg of warfarin.Conclusions:  The results demonstrate that a significant number of patients in Australia receive routine anticoagulation, the most popular strategy being the use of low‐dose warfarin. Based on our results there is a clear need for further education regarding the lack of supporting data and the potential harm that may ensue.
The Religious Iconography of Israel and Judah ca. 1200–587 bce
Authors: Cornelius Izak 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn spite of the prohibition on images, the religions of ancient Israel and Judah were not without visual representations. The development of the religions of these regions in the period ca. 1200–587 bce (all dates are bce = before the common/Christian era) is discussed by using iconography or visual sources. A selection of materials and their meaning from the Iron Age I (ca. 1200/1150–1000), IIA (ca. 1000–900), IIB (900–700) and IIC (700–587) is presented.1 The million‐dollar question that remains is whether the chief Israelite deity may be identified in the iconographical record.
Sexuality and Religion in Mesopotamia
Authors: Leick Gwendolyn 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn ancient Near Eastern thought, religion permeated all aspects of life. Sexual desire was considered a divine force that ensured the continuity of generations, of gods, of humans, and all other animate beings. The article looks at archaeological evidence and current interpretations of material culture from the prehistoric periods, beginning with the Neolithic, and in more detail, the epigraphic sources written in cuneiform from Mesopotamia. Topics such as the ideology of kingship, sacred and divine marriage, myths concerning the love affairs of deities, the goddess Inanna, as well as notions of the sacred, ritual purity and death are considered in the light of texts from the mid‐third to the mid‐first millenniumbc.
Parallelism and Competition in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
Authors: Clifton Charles , Staub Adrian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA central issue in sentence‐processing research is whether the parser entertains multiple analyses of syntactically ambiguous input in parallel, and whether these analyses compete for selection. In this article, we review theoretical positions for and against such competitive parallelism. We then review empirical evidence, primarily drawing on reading time studies, bearing on the prediction made by parallel competitive models that some cost ought to be associated with processing syntactically ambiguous material. We argue that this prediction is not confirmed by the data, and we discuss recent claims that the models in question do not actually make this prediction. We also emphasize the contrast with lexical ambiguity, where there is clearly a processing cost associated with competition between alternate meanings. Finally, we review a different kind of recent evidence suggesting that two syntactic analyses may indeed coexist under specific circumstances.
The North Sea Fisheries Crisis and Good Governance
Authors: Griffin Liza 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the European Union, ‘principles of good governance’ have been instituted across several sectors in response to criticisms from environmentalists, business and the public, because of alleged inefficiency, inadequate policy implementation, democratic deficit and environmental crisis. In fisheries, the pursuit of good governance has gained extra significance because it has been posited as a means to eliminate many of the problems that characterise the sector, including the overexploitation of fish stocks, marine ecosystem degradation and fishing community vulnerability. This article explores good governance reforms put in place to deal with the North Sea fisheries crisis, with particular reference to the newly instated North Sea Regional Advisory Council. First, I describe the current state of North Sea fisheries and the problems associated with European fisheries management. I then show how these problems were dealt with in the European Union's pre‐reformed Common Fisheries Policy. Finally, I explore the changes introduced in fisheries after the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, and suggest that the good governance of fisheries may not represent the panacea that some policy‐makers and theorists maintain it is.
Mapping Global Urban Networks: A Decade of Empirical World Cities Research
Authors: Derudder Ben 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis survey article reviews the harvest of empirical world cities research since its formal inception about a decade ago. Taylor's (1997) delineation of ‘the problem of evidence’ in this literature is used as a cue to assess the merits and inadequacies of recent empirical studies. To get a handle on the literature as a whole, a taxonomy of empirical approaches is developed. Major features of the dominant approaches in general and some important studies in particular are discussed. This discussion is thereupon used to analyse the extent to which these studies have managed to construct meaningful measures of transnational inter‐city relations. This analysis reveals that significant steps have been taken, but some new points of attention can be raised, such as the lack of suitable theoretical reference points in some recent empirical studies and the disproportionate focus on a relatively narrow range of formal economic processes.
Respiratory syncytial virus: an important cause of acute respiratory illness among young adults undergoing military training
Authors: O’Shea Matthew K. , Pipkin Christopher , Cane Patricia A. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: March 2008

Background  Military recruits receiving training are vulnerable to acute respiratory disease and a significant proportion of illness is caused by unidentified pathogens. While some countries use surveillance programmes to monitor such illness, few data exist for recruits of the British Armed Forces.Objectives  Through active surveillance of approximately 1000 Royal Navy trainees during 2001, we sought to describe and determine the aetiology of acute respiratory illness.Methods  Standard viral culture was used together with serology and a novel highly sensitive real‐time PCR and molecular beacon probe assay for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection.Results  Among 54 Royal Navy recruits with respiratory symptoms adenovirus was identified in 35%, influenza viruses in 19% and RSV in 14%. All recruits were absent from training for almost a week, most of whom were confined to the sickbay.Conclusions  This study is the first to document adenovirus and RSV as important causes of acute respiratory illness among Royal Navy trainees. The study findings demonstrate the clinical significance and challenges of diagnosing RSV infection in young adults.