bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of serum lipid profile and serum apolipoproteins A1 and B in Indian male violent criminal offenders
Authors: Chakrabarti Nandini , Sinha V.K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground High cholesterol has been advanced as the most important factor in the development of coronary artery disease. Most panels have recommended population‐wide dietary restrictions, yet a body of evolving data yields evidence of the hazards of low cholesterol, including links to aggression and hostility.Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the serum lipid profile and serum apolipoproteins A1 and B of men with a violent criminal record and men with no criminal history.Method Fasting blood samples were collected from 30 men with a known history of violent crime and 30 men with no criminal record. Serum lipid profile and serum apolipoproteins A1 and B were measured in each sample, and compared between the two groups.Results The group with the violent criminal record showed significantly lower total cholesterol, lower LDL cholesterol, higher apolipoprotein A1 and lower apolipoprotein B compared with the control group.Conclusion Lower total cholesterol, lower LDL cholesterol, higher apolipoprotein A1 and lower apolipoprotein B could predispose to violence. Future research might explore the possibility that diets offered in prison could affect relevant pathways in lipid metabolism. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Female serial killing: review and case report
Authors: Frei Andreas , Völlm Birgit , Graf Marc , Dittmann Volker 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Single homicide committed by women is rare. Serial killing is very infrequent, and the perpetrators are usually white, intelligent males with sadistic tendencies. Serial killing by women has, however, also been described.Aim To conduct a review of published literature on female serial killers and consider its usefulness in assessing a presenting case.Method A literature review was conducted, after searching EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. The presenting clinical case is described in detail in the context of the literature findings.Results The literature search revealed few relevant publications. Attempts to categorize the phenomenon of female serial killing according to patterns of and motives for the homicides have been made by some authors. The most common motive identified was material gain or similar extrinsic gratification while the ‘hedonistic’ sadistic or sexual serial killer seems to be extremely rare in women. There is no consistent theory of serial killing by women, but psychopathic personality traits and abusive childhood experiences have consistently been observed. The authors' case did not fit the description of a ‘typical’ female serial killer.Discussion In such unusual circumstances as serial killing by a woman, detailed individual case formulation is required to make sense of the psychopathology in each case. Publication of cases in scientific journals should be encouraged to advance our understanding of this phenomenon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the subthreshold characteristics for the FC‐SGT flash memory cell
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroaki , Nakamura Hiroki , Sakuraba Hiroshi , Masuoka Fujio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper, an analytical model for finding the S‐factor of the FC‐SGT flash memory cell is derived. It is confirmed that the results of analysis agree well with the three‐dimensional simulation results. In comparison with the conventional planar flash memory cell, the FC‐SGT flash memory cell has a sufficiently smaller S‐factor. As a result, it is easier to realize multilevel operation by the FC‐SGT flash memory than by the conventional planar flash memory. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(8): 34–41, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20250
Separation of coupling coefficient between resonators into electric and magnetic contributions
Authors: Awai Ikuo , Iwamura Shintaro , Kubo Hiroshi , Sanada Atsushi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt is shown that the coefficient of coupling between resonators can be derived by a perturbation method using the electromagnetic field distributions of uncoupled resonators. This method can be applied if identical resonators are symmetrically placed. It is found that there is a possibility of completing the calculations in a shorter time than by using the conventional even and odd mode frequencies. Further, since the electric and magnetic couplings can be derived separately, the physical meaning of the coupling becomes clearer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(8): 27–33, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20251
An entropy estimator improving the bias error
Authors: Yokota Yasunari 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe entropy estimation is adopted as one of the useful methods for analysis in various fields including signal processing and system identification. However, the generally used entropy estimator is actually not an unbiased estimator. In this paper, the bias in the entropy estimator, namely, the bias error, was approximately formulated using the Taylor expansion of the entropy function. This approximation formula was reorganized and the coefficients contained were estimated to derive an approximation formula expressed in the form of a power series in terms of the number of samples. The derived approximation formula for the bias error was subtracted from the entropy estimator and this difference was proposed as a new entropy estimator. With the proposed entropy estimator, since the bias error is offset, its influence is suppressed and compared to the conventional entropy estimator and the bias error was reduced by a statistically significant difference. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(8): 60–69, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20287
A system‐on‐a‐chip for real‐time software digital media processing
Authors: Kojima Keiji , Nishioka Kiyokazu , Kawaguchi Atsuo , Hosogi Koji , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper the authors propose a new system‐on‐a‐chip architecture for image processing that achieves both good processing performance and ease of software development. The architecture consists of three types of programmable processors running in parallel: a RISC CPU for bit string processing, a VLIW CPU for two‐dimensional pixel array processing, and a data transfer processor. The data transfer processor provides a function for transferring small regions in the two‐dimensional pixel array for which addresses change discretely to a data cache while converting them to continuous address data. As a result, the data cache hit rate with respect to the accesses to the small screen regions, which is used frequently in image processing, is greatly improved from around 75% to almost 100%. The authors implemented their architecture in an LSI and ran a performance evaluation using digital television decoder software and an optimized C compiler. The results confirmed that processing performance increased threefold with a 22% rise in the packaging die area. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(8): 51–59, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20288
Glucocorticoid amplifies IL‐2‐dependent expansion of functional FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells in vivo and enhances their capacity to suppress EAE
Authors: Chen Xin , Oppenheim Joost J. , Winkler‐Pickett Robin T. , Ortaldo John R. , Howard O. M. Zack 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIL‐2 is crucial for the production of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells while important for the generation of effective T cell‐mediated immunity. How to exploit the capacity of IL‐2 to expand Treg cells, while restraining activation of T effector (Teff) cells, is an important and unanswered therapeutic question. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid, has been reported to suppress IL‐2‐mediated activation of Teff cells and increase the proportion of Treg cells. Thus, we hypothesized that glucocorticoids may be useful as costimulants to amplify IL‐2‐mediated selective expansion of Treg cells. We show in this study that short‐term simultaneous administration of Dex and IL‐2 markedly expanded functional suppressive Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T cells in murine peripheral lymphoid tissues. In a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, we observed that splenic CD4+CD25+ T cells failed to suppress the proliferation of CD4+CD25– T cells. Pretreatment with Dex/IL‐2 remarkably increased the proportion of CD4+FoxP3+ cells and partially restored the function of splenic CD4+CD25+ T cells, and inhibited the development of EAE. Therefore, the combination of glucocorticoid and IL‐2, two currently used therapeutics, may provide a novel approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft‐vs.‐host disease.
Transgenic expression of a CD83‐immunoglobulin fusion protein impairs the development of immune‐competent CD4‐positive T cells
Authors: Lüthje Katja , Cramer Sven O. , Ehrlich Svenja , Veit Alexandra , Steeg Christiane , Fleischer Bernhard , Bonin Arne von , Breloer Minka 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe murine transmembrane glycoprotein CD83 is an important regulator for both thymic T cell maturation and peripheral T cell response. CD83 deficiency leads to a block in the thymic maturation of CD4‐positive T cells, and interference with peripheral CD83/CD83 ligand interaction by addition of soluble CD83 suppresses immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Here we report the generation of a mouse transgenic for a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of murine CD83 fused to the constant part of human IgG1 heavy chain. Thymic selection of CD4‐positive T cells was unchanged in CD83Ig transgenic and in CD83Ig/OT‐2 double‐transgenic mice. However, thymic and peripheral CD4‐positive T cells derived from CD83Ig/OT‐2 transgenic mice displayed a reduced cytokine response to antigenic stimulation in vitro, whereas CD83Ig/OT‐1‐derived CD8‐positive T cells showed normal cytokine secretion. The T cell defect was relevant in vivo, since a sub‐lethal infection with Trypanosoma cruzi led to an increased parasitemia and reduced survival rate of CD83Ig transgenic mice compared to wild‐type C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, in vivo application of recombinant CD83Ig did not result in an increase in parasitemia. Taken together our data suggest that thymic selection in the presence of CD83Ig leads to an intrinsic T cell defect of CD4‐positive T cells resembling the phenotype described for CD4‐positive T cells derived from CD83‐deficient mouse strains.
Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of DA‐salen‐Type Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Tedim João , Patrício Sónia , Bessada Rosa , Morais Rui , Sousa Carla , Marques Manuel B. , Freire Cristina 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThird‐order nonlinear and linear optical properties ofnickel(II) and copper(II) complexes with salen ligands, functionalised with electron donor/acceptor groups (DA‐salen), have been investigated in solution by the Z‐scan technique using an Nd:YAG laser (λinc = 1064 nm) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The [M(DA‐salen)] complexes exhibit positive nonresonant nonlinear refractive indexes (n2I) in the range27.0–8.50·10–21 m2 W–1 and nonlinear absorption coefficients (α2I) within the range 1.80–26.0·10–17 m W–1. The latter values correspond to less than 10 % of the overall magnitude of the third‐order susceptibility, |χ3|, which is the result of the absence of electronic transitions near λinc = 1064 nm. For the group of NiII complexes, the highest n2I values are exhibited by the complexes with aromatic diimine bridges and large π‐electron delocalisation, which leads to intense electronic charge‐transfer bands (ϵ > 16000 mol–1 dm3 cm–1) in the region λ = 275–500 nm. The complexes that exhibit charge‐transfer bands near λinc/2 = 532 nm, also show the highest α2I values, a consequence of multiphoton absorption processes. For the group of CuII complexes, the highest n2I value is also observed by the complex that exhibits the most intense charge‐transfer bands in the region λ = 275–475 nm. Between NiII and CuII complexes with the same DA‐salen ligands, those of copper show always higher n2I values, indicating that NLO responses can also be fine‐tuned by the metalcentre. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
One‐Pot Synthesis of a New High‐Aluminium‐Content Super‐Microporous Aluminosilicate
Authors: Huerta Lenin , Romero‐Sarria Francisca , Marie Olivier , Guillem Carmen , Beltrán Aurelio , Latorre Julio , Beltrán Daniel , Amorós Pedro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA new super‐microporous aluminosilicate having a high aluminium content (Si/Al ca. 1) has been prepared through a surfactant‐assisted procedure with the use of a commercially available binary precursor (di‐sec‐butoxyaluminooxytriethoxysilane) as a single source of both Al and Si. The formation of super‐micropores is a result of a significant network shrinkage associated with the thermal elimination of the surfactant. This solid has been studied by X‐ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and porosimetry. A preliminary analysis of the acidity and the catalytic activity of the super‐microporous solid for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx is also presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
What a Difference One Electron Makes! Generating Low‐Coordinate Ti–C and V–C Multiply Bonded Frameworks through One Electron Oxidatively Induced α‐Hydrogen Abstractions
Authors: Mindiola Daniel J. , Bailey Brad C. , Basuli Falguni 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLow‐coordinate, high oxidation state titanium and vanadium complexes containing terminal metal–carbon multiply bonded functionalities have been prepared directly or indirectly through one electron oxidatively induced α‐hydrogen abstraction reactions. This synthetic approach offers a mild entry to reactive M=C and M≡C motifs, and does not depend on external stimulants such as heat, light or base to promote the α‐hydrogen‐abstraction step. In addition, this strategic protocol avoids the use of powerful electrophiles, thus generating terminal and nucleophilic M–C multiple bonds in low‐coordination environments. In some cases terminal alkylidenes containing β‐hydrogen atoms can also be introduced through this route. This microreview surveys the synthesis and chemistry surrounding isolable titanium and vanadium complexes bearing terminal alkylidene and alkylidyne ligands. Particular emphasis will be placed on the synthesis of the high oxidation state M–C multiple bond. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Polar Pyrazolylborate Ligands and Their Basic Zinc Complex Chemistry
Authors: Pérez Olmo Cristina , Böhmerle Karin , Steinfeld Gunther , Vahrenkamp Heinrich 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBy refinement of Trofimenko’s procedures, four new tris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligands bearing pyridyl and carboxamide substituents at the 3‐positions of the pyrazole rings, were obtained. Two of them were identified by structure determinations of their potassium salts. Their coordinative properties were explored by preparing Tp*Zn‐X complexes, with X = Cl, Br, I, NO3, OAc, phenolate, thiophenolate and diorganophosphate, including the cationic complexes [Tp*Zn·L]+ with L = methanol and pyrazole. From the spectra and structure determinations of these complexes it has become evident that the polar Tp* ligands favor coordination numbers higher than four for zinc, either by inducing bidentate coordination of the coligands X and L, using the carboxamide oxygen atoms for coordination, or by linking two Tp*Zn‐X units through the pyridyl nitrogen atoms. As a result, the structural chemistry of these complexes is quite varied, and includes coordination dimers and polymers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Ring Expansions of 2‐Alkenylazetidinium Salts – a New Route to Pyrrolidines and Azepanes
Authors: Couty François , Durrat François , Evano Gwilherm , Marrot Jérome 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSeries of enantiomerically pure 3‐alkenylpyrrolidines, substituted azepanes and stereodefined aminoalkenes were synthesized from 2‐alkenylazetidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate salts. The high chemoselectivity of these reactions was found to be strongly dependent both on the nature of the base involved in the process (PhLi or KHMDS) and on the relative cis or trans stereochemistry of the intermediate ammonium ylide. When the ylide and the adjacent alkene are trans, a [1,2] sigmatropic shift occurs exclusively, producing a pyrrolidine with high levels of regioselectivity. On the other hand, clean conversion into 4,5‐dehydroazepanes through a [2,3] sigmatropic shift is observed when these two groups are in a cis relationship.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Schwann cell‐like differentiation by adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells following engraftment into the demyelinated spinal cord is BMP‐dependent
Authors: Talbott Jason F. , Cao Qilin , Enzmann Gaby U. , Benton Richard L. , Achim Virginie , Cheng Xiao X. , Mills Michael D. , Rao Mahendra S. , Whittemore Scott R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe development of remyelinating strategies designed to enhance recruitment and differentiation of endogenous precursor cells available to a site of demyelination in the adult spinal cord will require a fundamental understanding of the potential for adult spinal cord precursor cells to remyelinate as well as an insight into epigenetic cues that regulate their mobilization and differentiation. The ability of embryonic and postnatal neural precursor cell transplants to remyelinate the adult central nervous system is well documented, while no transplantation studies to date have examined the remyelinating potential of adult spinal‐cord‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (adult OPCs). In the present study, we demonstrate that, when transplanted subacutely into spinal ethidium bromide/X‐irradiated (EB‐X) lesions, adult OPCs display a limited capacity for oligodendrocyte remyelination. Interestingly, the glia‐free environment of EB lesions promotes engrafted adult OPCs to differentiate primarily into cells with immunophenotypic and ultrastructural characteristics of myelinating Schwann cells (SCs). Astrocytes modulate this potential, as evidenced by the demonstration that SC‐like differentiation is blocked when adult OPCs are co‐transplanted with astrocytes. We further show that inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling through noggin overexpression by engrafted adult OPCs is sufficient to block SC‐like differentiation within EB‐X lesions. Present data suggest that the macroglial‐free environment of acute EB lesions in the ventrolateral funiculus is inhibitory to adult spinal cord‐derived OPC differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes, while the presence of BMPs and absence of noggin promotes SC‐like differentiation, thereby unmasking a surprising lineage fate for these cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active antimetastatic immunotherapy in Lewis lung carcinoma with self EGFR extracellular domain protein in VSSP adjuvant
Authors: Ramírez Belinda Sánchez , Pestana Eduardo Suárez , Hidalgo Greta Garrido , García Tays Hernández , Rodríguez Rolando Pérez , Ullrich Axel , Férnandez Luis Enrique 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a central role in regulating neoplastic processes. The EGFR overexpression in many human epithelial tumors has been correlated with disease progression and bad prognosis. Passive EGFR‐directed immunotherapy, but not active specific approaches, has already been introduced in medical oncology practice. Then we wonder if mice immunization with the extracellular domain of murine EGFR (mEGFR‐ECD) in adjuvants can circumvent tolerance to self EGFR, by inducing an immune response with consequent antitumor effect. The present study demonstrated that despite mEGFR expression in thymus, strong DTH response was induced by inoculation of mice with the mEGFR‐ECD. This self‐immunization, using both CFA and very small sized proteoliposomes from Neisseria meningitidis (VSSP), promoted highly specific IgG titers, predominantly IgG2a and IgG2b. Sera from mice immunized with mEGFR‐ECD/VSSP not only recognized EGFR+ tumor cell lines by FACS, but also inhibited their in vitro growth, even in the absence of complement. Noteworthy, vaccination of mice with mEGFR‐ECD/VSSP stimulated a potent antimetastatic effect in the EGFR+ Lewis lung carcinoma model, while reproduction‐associated side effects were absent. Curiously, mice immunized with the human EGFR‐ECD (Her1‐ECD) in VSSP though induced highly specific IgG antibodies with strong in vitro cytotoxic effect over EGFR+ human cell lines, showed low cross‐reactivity with the mEGFR‐ECD. These results further encouraged the development of the Her1‐ECD/VSSP vaccine project for patients with EGFR+ tumors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐Cryptoxanthin suppresses the growth of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells and up‐regulates retinoic acid receptor β expression
Authors: Lian Fuzhi , Hu Kang‐Quan , Russell Robert M. , Wang Xiang‐Dong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRecent findings of an inverse association between β‐cryptoxanthin and lung cancer risk in several observational epidemiologic studies suggest that β‐cryptoxanthin could potentially act as a chemopreventive agent against lung cancer. However, the biological activity of β‐cryptoxanthin and molecular mechanism(s) by which β‐cryptoxanthin affects lung tumourigenesis have not been studied. In the present study, we found that β‐cryptoxanthin inhibited the growth of A549 cells, a non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell line and BEAS‐2B cells, an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line in a dose‐dependent manner. β‐Cryptoxanthin suppressed the protein levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, up‐regulated the cell cycle inhibitor p21, increased the number of lung cancer cells in theG1/G0 phase and decreased those in the S phase of the cell cycle. Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, β‐cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) in BEAS‐2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, β‐cryptoxanthin transactivated RAR‐mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti‐proliferative action of β‐cryptoxanthin and indicate that β‐cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.