bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Wall Containing Phase Change Material (PCM) in a Hot and Dry Climate
Authors: Zoma Vincent , Kaboré Boureima , Ouedraogo Germain Wende Pouiré , Kam Sié 
Published: April 2024

Current buildings in Burkina Faso, particularly in the Sahelian zone, built with local materials are energy-intensive and sources of discomfort for the occupants. However, the role of housing is to provide man with shelter which protects him from external climatic conditions and offers him thermal comfort.
In this work, we present a numerical study of the thermal behavior of a wall containing a phase change material (PCM) in the Sahelian zone. The MCP used in this study is RT27 paraffin with a melting temperature of 27°C and a latent heat of fusion of 179kJ/kg. The equations obtained were adimensionalized and discredited by the finite element method and solved using COMSOL Multiphysics software version 5.3. To this end, we were interested on the one hand in the study of the evolution of the flow of heat and the temperature at the level of the external and internal walls of the wall. On the other hand, we studied the effect of the location of a layer of PCM mortar, simple plaster or cement plaster on the temperature of the internal wall of the wall. The results show the magnitude of heat flux and temperature is greatly reduced by the incorporation of PCM into the wall.
Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Ting Jonathan T. , Phillips Paul E. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe nervous system is composed of networks of cells that engage in coordinated circuits to permit neural function. Within these precise neural circuits, communication between individual cells is primarily chemical in nature. Neurotransmitter release via exocytosis of neurotransmitter‐filled synaptic vesicles is a fundamental step in this process. Here we overview the biochemical processes that regulate exocytotic neurotransmitter release by focusing on three key stages: 1) loading of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles, 2) synaptic vesicle docking and priming reactions, and 3) calcium triggering of the vesicle fusion reaction. We also introduce the controversial topic of fusion‐pore modulation as it pertains to the release of neurotransmitter. Lastly, we discuss current methods for detecting and quantifying neurotransmitter release.
Pharmaceuticals: Natural Products and Natural Product Models
Authors: Singh Sheo B. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Natural products have played a vital role in the treatment of human ailments for thousands of years and continue to play a big role in the modern discovery of new agents for the treatment of diseases today. In certain therapeutic areas, natural products account for almost all key modern medicine used today. Many drugs are formulated and used directly as they are found in nature, some are derived directly from natural products by semisynthesis, and others are modeled after natural products. In this overview, examples of the pharmaceutically important natural products have been summarized.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Enediynes to Benzopyranones
Authors: Chang Wei‐Ren , Lo Yu‐Hsiang , Lee Chia‐Ying , Wu Ming‐Jung 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTreatment of methyl 2‐[6‐substituted‐3(Z)‐hexen‐1,5‐diynyl]benzoates (1) with five mol% of palladium chloride and three equivalents of cupric chloride in refluxing acetonitrile gave dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐ones (2) in modest to good yields.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Functionalized 1‐Aminopyrroles by Regioselective Zinc Chloride‐Catalyzed, One‐Pot ‘Conjugate Addition/Cyclization’ Reactions of 1,3‐Bis(silyl enol ethers) with 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐butadienes
Authors: Karapetyan Vahuni , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Schmidt Andreas , Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn a convenient one‐pot process, the easily accessible 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes and 1,3‐bis(silyl enol ethers) are converted into the previously unknown functionalized 1‐aminopyrroles and 1‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindoles. The domino reaction proceeds through a zinc chloride‐catalyzed ‘conjugate addition/cyclization’ sequence.
Proline‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Guanidine‐ Derived Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shah Jabbar , Blumenthal Haiko , Yacob Zekarias , Liebscher Jürgen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA remarkable improvement of both the chemical yield (from 6% to 82%) and the enantiomeric excess (up to >99%), of (S)‐proline catalyzed direct aldol reactions of a wide range of aldehydes with acetone was found when hexasubstituted or pentasubstituted guanidinium salts were added as ionic liquids. Effects of temperature, amount of proline and the type of guandidinium salts on the outcome of the reaction were investigated.
Synthesis of Difurylmethane Derivatives via the Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization/Dimerization of Epoxide Alkynes
Authors: Ji Ke‐Gong , Shen Yong‐Wen , Shu Xing‐Zhong , Xiao Hui‐Quan , Bian Yong‐Jiang , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA simple and convenient synthetic approach to difurylmethane derivatives has been developed via gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1‐oxiranyl‐2‐alkynyl esters and dimerization of the 2‐(α‐hydroxyalkyl)furans. The reaction takes place in the presence of 2 mol% of tetrachloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl4⋅4 H2O) under very mild conditions.
Manufactured populations: What do contemporary reference skeletal collections represent? A comparative study using the Maxwell Museum documented collection
Authors: Komar Debra A. , Grivas Christopher 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe extent to which archaeological or cemetery skeletal collections accurately represent the population from which they were drawn cannot be known. The creation of documented or forensic skeletal collections, derived from donation or autopsy, was intended to overcome many of the problems inherent in archaeological populations, yet it is misleading to assume such collections represent a specific or defined population. This study compares the documented skeletal collection curated at the Maxwell Museum to annual demographic information from three relevant populations: (i) the living population of New Mexico (NM), (ii) the deceased of NM, and (iii) the subset of decedents who undergo a medicolegal death investigation or autopsy. Results indicate that the Maxwell Documented collection differs significantly from all three populations in every variable examined: age, sex, ethnicity/race, cause, and manner of death. Collection development that relies on body donation or retention of unclaimed bodies under coroner/medical examiner statutes results in a biased sample, with significant overrepresentation of males, Whites, the elderly, those who die unnatural deaths and individuals with antemortem traumatic injury or surgical intervention. Equally problematic is the perception that the collection has documented race or ethnicity, when in fact only 17% was self‐reported, while the affinity of the remaining individuals was determined by pathologists or other observers. Caution is warranted in how this and similar collections are used and interpreted by researchers. Although documented reference collections are useful in developing methods of estimating age or sex, they are not a proxy for modern or racially/ethnically defined populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of Sinusoidal Perfusion in Portal Hypertension
Authors: Reynaert Hendrik , Urbain Daniel , Geerts Albert 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPortal hypertension, a major complication of cirrhosis, is caused by both increased portal blood flow and augmented intrahepatic vascular resistance. Even though the latter is primarily caused by anatomical changes, it has become clear that dynamic factors contribute to the increased hepatic vascular resistance. The hepatic sinusoid is the narrowest vascular structure within the liver and is the principal site of blood flow regulation. The anatomical location of hepatic stellate cells, which embrace the sinusoids, provides a favorable arrangement for sinusoidal constriction, and for control of sinusoidal vascular tone and blood flow. Hepatic stellate cells possess the essential contractile apparatus for cell contraction and relaxation. Moreover, the mechanisms of stellate cell contraction are better understood, and many substances which influence contractility have been identified, providing a rationale and opportunity for targeting these cells in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Anat Rec, 291:693–698, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internal Kinematics of the Tongue Following Volume Reduction
Authors: Shcherbatyy Volodymyr , Perkins Jonathan A. , Liu Zi‐Jun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the functional consequences following tongue volume reduction on tongue internal kinematics during mastication and neuromuscular stimulation in a pig model. Six ultrasonic‐crystals were implanted into the tongue body in a wedge‐shaped configuration which allows recording distance changes in the bilateral length (LENG) and posterior thickness (THICK), as well as anterior (AW), posterior dorsal (PDW), and ventral (PVW) widths in 12 Yucatan‐minipigs. Six animals received a uniform mid‐sagittal tongue volume reduction surgery (reduction), and the other six had identical incisions without tissue removal (sham). The initial‐distances among each crystal‐pairs were recorded before, and immediately after surgery to calculate the dimensional losses. Referring to the initial‐distance there were 3–66% and 1–4% tongue dimensional losses by the reduction and sham surgeries, respectively. The largest deformation in sham animals during mastication was in AW, significantly larger than LENG, PDW, PVW, and THICK (P < 0.01–0.001). In reduction animals, however, these deformational changes significantly diminished and enhanced in the anterior and posterior tongue, respectively (P < 0.05–0.001). In both groups, neuromuscular stimulation produced deformational ranges that were 2–4 times smaller than those occurred during chewing. Furthermore, reduction animals showed significantly decreased ranges of deformation in PVW, LENG, and THICK (P < 0.05–0.01). These results indicate that tongue volume reduction alters the tongue internal kinematics, and the dimensional losses in the anterior tongue caused by volume reduction can be compensated by increased deformations in the posterior tongue during mastication. This compensatory effect, however, diminishes during stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and individual tongue muscles. Anat Rec, 291:886‐893, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributed information behavior: A study of dynamic practice in a safety critical environment
Authors: von Thaden Terry L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop concepts from information science to understand information behavior between multiple actors in high reliability operations. Based on previous research and framework development in human information behavior, the Distributed Information Behavior System was designed to assess the social practice of information identification, gathering, and use. In this study, flight crews were used as the test bed. The goal of this research was to assess if different information behaviors are practiced by accident‐involved crews and crews not involved in an accident. The results indicate that differences indeed exist in the way crews identify, gather, and use information based on their performance level. This study discerns that high performing crews practice substantially different information behaviors than low performing and accident‐involved crews. This work serves as a way to understand the social practice of information structuring within high reliability operations. Subsequently, this may aid researchers to identify the role sequencing plays in critical information negotiation. This work also serves as a tool to inform training and is applicable to other domains where work is supported through distributed collective practice.
Accurate closed‐form approximation for pricing Asian and basket options
Authors: Zhou Jinke , Wang Xiaolu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBy approximating the distribution of the sum of correlated lognormals with some log‐extended‐skew‐normal distribution, we present closed‐form approximation formulae for pricing both Asian and basket options. Numerical comparison shows that our formulae provide both computational simplicity and accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Rifampicin by Peroxomonosulfate‐Cobalt(II) Chemiluminescence System
Authors: MA Yong , ZHANG Bo‐Tao , ZHAO Li‐Xia , GUO Guang‐Sheng , LIN Jin‐Ming 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRifampicin can enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) of peroxomonosulfate‐cobalt(II) system, and the CL intensity is strongly dependent on the rifampicin concentrations. Based on this phenomenon, a rapid and sensitive flow injection CL method was developed for the determination of rifampicin. The relative CL intensity was linear with the rifampicin concentration over the range of 5×10−8 to 1×10−6 g·mL−1 (r=0.9991), the detection limit was 7×10−9 g·mL−1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation was 2.7% for 6×10−7 g·mL−1 rifampicin (n=11). Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to the determination of rifampicin in real eye drop and capsules sample.
Phase II trial of irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Gilbert Jill , Cmelak Anthony , Shyr Yu , Netterville James , Burkey Brian B. , Sinard Robert J. , Yarbrough Wendall G. , Chung Christine H. , Aulino Joseph M. , Murphy Barbara A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients with recurrent or metastatic HNC have a poor response and survival with currently available chemotherapy agents. Thus, new agents are needed. The authors report the results of a phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin in patients with metastatic or recurrent HNC.METHODS.Patients were treated with irinotecan 65 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 were administered intravenously weekly for four weeks, followed by a two week rest. However, after 17 patients were treated with weekly irinotecan at a dose of 65 mg/m2, toxicity analysis demonstrated the poor tolerance of that dose in this patient population. Thus, the protocol was amended, and irinotecan was dose reduced to a starting dose of 50 mg/m2. Twenty‐three additional patients were treated with this dose.RESULTS.Forty patients were enrolled on study between February 2002 and April 2006, 17 patients at the first dose level and 23 patients at the amended dose level. Overall, 12 of 17 patients (71%) treated with irinotecan 65 mg/m2 experienced clinically significant grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Twelve patients required dose reductions. Toxicity was reduced but 17% of patients still experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity on the lower irinotecan dose. The response rate was 35% for patients treated at irinotecan 65 mg/m2 and 22% for patients treated at 50 mg/m2. No complete responses were noted.CONCLUSIONS.The combination of irinotecan and cisplatin is efficacious in a poor prognosis group of patients but toxicity is substantial. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Photodissociation of 1,2‐Dibromoethylene at 248 nm: Br2 Molecular Elimination Probed by Cavity Ring‐Down Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Pin , Lee Ping‐Chen , Lin King‐Chuen , Huang C. H. , Sun B. J. , Chang A. H. H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Br2 elimination channel is probed for 1,2‐C2H2Br2 in the B${{}^3{\rm{\Pi }}_{ou}^ + }$–X${{}^1{\rm{\Sigma }}_g^ + }$ transition upon irradiation at 248 nm by using cavity ring‐down absorption spectroscopy (CRDS). The nascent vibrational population ratio of Br2(v=1)/Br2(v=0) is obtained to be 0.7±0.2, thus indicating that the Br2 fragment is produced in hot vibrational states. The obtained Br2 products are anticipated to result primarily from photodissociation of the ground‐state cis isomer via four‐center elimination or from cis/trans isomers via three‐center elimination, each mechanism involving a transition state that has a BrBr distance much larger than that of ground‐state Br2. According to ab initio potential energy calculations, the pathways that lead to Br2 elimination may proceed either through the electronic ground state by internal conversion or through the triplet state by intersystem crossing. Temperature‐dependence measurements are examined, thereby supporting the pathway that involves internal conversion—which was excluded previously by using product translational spectroscopy (PTS). The quantum yield for the Br2 elimination reaction is determined to be 0.12±0.1, being substantially contributed by the ground‐state Br2 product. The discrepancy of this value from that (of 0.2) obtained by PTS may rise from the lack of measurements in probing the triplet‐state Br2 product.
Muon Motion Induced by a Superintense Laser in Muon‐Catalyzed Fusion
Authors: Wu T. C. , Shi C. H. , An W. K. , Zhang X. , Qiu X. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractConsidering the mixture after muon‐catalyzed fusion (μ CF) reaction as overdense plasma, we study muon motion in the plasma produced by a superintense linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse. Muon drift along the propagation of laser radiation remains after the end of the laser pulse. At the peak laser intensity of 1021W/cm2, muon goes from the skin layer into field‐free matter at short time which is much less than the pulse duration, before the laser pulse reaches its maximum. Besides, the influence of the laser on other particles in the plasma is less. Hence, this work can avoid muon sticking to alpha (α) effectively and reduce muon‐loss probability in μ CF. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
“Who identifies with which group?” The motive‐feature match principle and its limitations
Authors: Riketta Michael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe functional approach to identification suggests that people with a particular motive tend to identify with groups that fulfill this motive. Thus, identification should be strongest when individual motives and group features match. The present paper explores the predictive power of this motive‐feature match principle. Participants judged themselves on five motives (self‐esteem, distinctiveness, belongingness, uncertainty reduction, and power), rated several groups on features relevant to fulfillment of these motives (e.g., the group's power as to the power motive), and indicated their identification with each group. Although the most predicted Motive x Feature interactions on identification emerged, the overall fit between data and predictions was moderate. The reductionist nature of the motive‐feature match principle is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on Glucose Biofuel Cells Using an Electrochemical Noise Device
Authors: Tan Yueming , Xie Qingji , Huang Jinhua , Duan Weisheng , Ma Ming , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn electrochemical noise (ECN) device was utilized for the first time to study and characterize a glucose/O2 membraneless biofuel cell (BFC) and a monopolar glucose BFC. In the glucose/O2 membraneless BFC, ferrocene (Fc) and glucose oxidase (GOD) were immobilized on a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Au electrode with a gelatin film at the anode; and laccase (Lac) and an electron mediator, 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) diammonium salt (ABTS), were immobilized on a MWCNTs/Au electrode with polypyrrole at the cathode. This BFC was performed in a stirred acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0) containing 40 mmol/L glucose in air, with a maximum power density of 8 μW/cm2, an open‐circuit cell voltage of 0.29 V, and a short‐circuit current density of 85 μA/cm2, respectively. The cell current at the load of 100 kΩ retained 78.9% of the initial value after continuous discharging for 15 h in a stirred acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0) containing 40 mmol/L glucose in air. The performance decrease of the BFC resulted mainly from the leakage of the ABTS mediator immobilized at the cathode, as revealed by the two‐channel quartz crystal microbalance technique. In addition, a monopolar glucose BFC was performed with the same anode as that in the glucose/O2 membraneless BFC in a stirred phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) containing 40 mmol/L glucose, and a carbon cathode in Nafion‐membrane‐isolated acidic KMnO4, with a maximum power density of 115 μW/cm2, an open‐circuit cell voltage of 1.24 V, and a short‐circuit current density of 202 μA/cm2, respectively, which are superior to those of the glucose/O2 membraneless BFC. A modification of the anode with MWCNTs for the monopolar glucose BFC increased the maximum power density by a factor of 1.8. The ECN device is highly recommended as a convenient, real‐time and sensitive technique for BFC studies.
Development of chamaejasmin microemulsion and its biological activity against Aphis craccivora and Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Tang Xiaorong , Hou Taiping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChamaejasmin is the mixture of many natural insecticidal ingredients from the ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme root. 1,5‐Diphenyl‐1‐pentanone is one of major insecticidal components. Chamaejasmin microemulsion was prepared and its insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora and Culex pipiens pallens and its stability were evaluated. The results showed that it had good insecticidal activity and good stability. Its median lethal concentration (LC50) values (24 h after treatment) were 47.93 mg/l and 31.78 mg/l, respectively. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that after the prepared microemulsion was stored at 54 ±2 ˚C for 14 days or at room temperature for 12 months, its insecticidal activity had no significant changes. The content of 1,5‐diphenyl‐1‐pentanone in the microemulsion was 0.27%. This is the first report of insecticidal activity of Stellera chamaejasme against Culex pipiens pallens. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Day Care for older dementia patients: favorable effects on behavioral and psychological symptoms and caregiver stress
Authors: Mossello Enrico , Caleri Veronica , Razzi Elena , Di Bari Mauro , Cantini Claudia , Tonon Elisabetta , Lopilato Eugenia , Marini Monica , Simoni David , Cavallini Maria Chiara , Marchionni Niccolò , Biagini Carlo Adriano , Masotti Giulio 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of Day Care (DC) on older subjects with dementia and their caregivers.MethodsThirty patients with dementia, consecutively admitted to a DC, were compared with 30 patients, matched for age and cognitive function, who received usual home care (HC). Primary caregivers were compared as well. At baseline and after 2 months, patients were assessed for cognitive and functional status, behavioral and psychological symptoms [Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)] and psychotropic drugs use, and caregivers were evaluated for care burden [Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI)] and depressive symptoms.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, NPI score significantly decreased in DC group, with a reduction of psychotropic drugs prescription, whereas it increased in HC. No significant between‐group difference was observed for cognitive and functional change. CBI significantly decreased in DC, but not HC, caregivers, with no significant between‐group difference in depressive symptoms change.ConclusionsA 2‐month period of DC assistance is effective in reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia patients and in alleviating caregivers' burden. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.