bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymeric decontaminant 2 (N,N‐dichloropolystyrene sulfonamide): Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy against simulant of sulfur mustard
Authors: Gutch P. K. , Srivastava R. K. , Sekhar K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA polymeric decontaminant N,N‐dichloropolystyrene sulfonamide was synthesized by different steps from starting material polystyrene and followed by sulfonation, chlorosulfonation, and amidification. Halogeno‐sulfonamide was obtained by treatment of sodium hypochlorite with sulfonamide resin. It was characterized by FTIR, solubility, viscosity, DSC, and TGA techniques. Efficiency of this polymer as decontaminant was evaluated by reaction with 2‐chloro ethyl phenyl sulfide, a simulant of sulfur mustard (SM) at room temperature. This decontamination reaction was monitored by gas chromatography (GC) and products were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The positive chlorine content of this polymer was checked by standard iodometry titration. The synthesized positive chlorine compound is observed to be a promising decontaminant against simulant of sulfur mustard, chiefly in the situation where use of aqueous medium such as acetonitrile : water (2 : 1) is precluded. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Spatiotemporal Localization of VEGF‐A Isoforms in the Mouse Postnatal Growth Plate
Authors: Evans Kristin D. , Oberbauer Anita M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated as a key angiogenic factor in the development of endochondral long bone. Several studies have evaluated the role of VEGF in prenatal endochondral bone development, but few have evaluated VEGF postnatally. Growth plates from mice at postnatal ages 14 (P14), 35 (P35), 49 (P49), and 77 (P77) days were examined for differential expression of the primary VEGF‐A mRNA isoforms: VEGF 120, VEGF 164, and VEGF 188. VEGF 120 isoform expression was stable across all ages, whereas VEGF 164 had significantly less expression at P35 and P49 and VEGF l88 expression increased with increasing age. The proportion of transcript isoforms expressed at a given age also changed with VEGF 120 being expressed more highly at P35 and P49 than the other two isoforms. Changes in VEGF mRNA isoforms across cell types within the growth plate were assessed by Percoll fractionation of growth plate cells at age P28. Cells of the proliferative and early hypertrophic regions had significantly higher total VEGF mRNA expression relative to the resting and late hypertrophic regions. VEGF protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry showed variable expression patterns with increasing postnatal age. In contrast, FLK‐1 (VEGF Receptor‐2) expression was restricted to the hypertrophic region. These results indicate that VEGF continues to play a significant role in endochondral bone development throughout the entire growth phase of postnatal bone development. Anat Rec, 291:6–13, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclone‐induced mixing does not cool SST in the post‐monsoon north Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sengupta Debasis , Goddalehundi Bharath Raj , Anitha D. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHigh‐resolution data from the TRMM satellite shows that sea surface temperature (SST) cools by 3 °C under the tracks of pre‐monsoon tropical cyclones in the north Indian Ocean. However, even the strongest post‐monsoon cyclones do not cool the open north Bay of Bengal. In this region, a shallow layer of freshwater from river runoff and monsoon rain caps a deep warm layer. Therefore, storm‐induced mixing is not deep, and it entrains warm subsurface water. It is possible that the hydrography of the post‐monsoon north Bay favours intense cyclones. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Lektionen von Rabenvögeln und Gänsen. Instinkt oder Verstand?
Authors: Christian  , Kotrschal Kurt , Thomas  
Published: December 2007

AbstractLange war die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit der Tiere kaum ein Thema (verhaltens)biologischer Forschung. In den vergangenen 20 Jahren setzte sich schließlich die Erkenntnis durch, dass auch kognitive Leistungen als evolutionäre Anpassungen an die ökologische, vor allem aber soziale Umwelt gelten können. Trotzdem entwickelte sich ganz offensichtlich kein “artspezifischer Wildwuchs” in der Differenzierung der kognitiven Bewältigungsstrategien. Man findet erstaunliche zwischenartliche Übereinstimmungen der sozialen Organisation und geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit über weite Bereiche des Wirbeltierstammbaums, etwa zwischen Säugetieren und Vögeln. Dies ist einerseits durch die gemeinsamen ökologisch‐evolutionären Rahmenbedingungen für soziale Systeme, andererseits durch das evolutionär höchst konservative Gehirn der Wirbeltiere zu erklären. So ähneln manche Papageien und Rabenvögel in ihren kognitiven Leistungen den Menschenaffen. Und selbst die Graugänse zeigen eine erstaunlich primatenähnliche soziale Organisation, was noch erhebliche Überraschungen bezüglich der sozialen Kognition dieser bislang kaum als “Hirntiere” bekannten Tiere erwarten lässt.
A phase 2 study of carboplatin plus docetaxel in men with metastatic hormone‐refractory prostate cancer who are refractory to docetaxel
Authors: Ross Robert W. , Beer Tomasz M. , Jacobus Susanna , Bubley Glenn J. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , Ryan Christopher W. , Huang Jiaoti , Oh William K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among men in the U.S. To the authors' knowledge, there is no proven, effective, second‐line therapy for docetaxel‐refractory disease. Recent data suggest that platinum salts may be effective when combined with taxanes in metastatic hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The authors conducted a phase 2 trial of docetaxel plus carboplatin chemotherapy in this disease setting.METHODS.Eligible men had metastatic HRPC that had progressed during or within 45 days after the completion of docetaxel‐based chemotherapy. Patients were treated with intravenous docetaxel at a dose of 60 mg/m2 plus carboplatin at an area under the curve of 4 once every 21 days until they had either disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.RESULTS.Thirty‐four patients were enrolled. Therapy was tolerated reasonably well; Grade 3 leukopenia (graded according to the Common Toxicity Criteria grading system) was the most common adverse event (experienced by 56% of patients), but there was only 1 episode of febrile neutropenia reported. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) declines ≥50% were noted in 18% of patients, and measurable responses were observed in 14%. The median duration of PSA response was 5.7 months. The median progression‐free survival was 3 months, and the median overall survival was 12.4 months. Patients were more likely to respond to the combination if they previously had responded to docetaxel.CONCLUSIONS.In men with HRPC who developed progressive disease during or shortly after treatment with docetaxel, the addition of carboplatin resulted in modest additional activity. Taxane‐refractory HRPC is an area of unmet need, and the current trial has provided evidence that platinum chemotherapy may be an important therapeutic option. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Disparities in participation in cancer clinical trials in the United States
Authors: Colon‐Otero Gerardo , Smallridge Robert C. , Solberg Lawrence A. , Keith Thomas D. , Woodward Timothy A. , Willis Floyd B. , Dunn Ajani N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDisparities in minorities' representation in cancer clinical trials have been shown only in adult populations, which suggest that the main causes of these disparities relate to health system‐based barriers, including issues of poverty (lack of insurance), poor access to trials, and an inadequate number of clinical trials. Initiatives that increase the participation of community physicians in cancer clinical research trials and increase low socioeconomic status patients' access to cancer trials will likely ameliorate this problem. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Identification of serum biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma by proteomic analysis
Authors: Wei Ye‐Sheng , Zheng Yan‐Hua , Liang Wei‐Bo , Zhang Jian‐Zhong , Yang Zhi‐Hui , Lv Mei‐Li , Jia Jing , Zhang Lin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a challenge. Serum protein profiling is a promising approach for the classification of cancer versus noncancer samples. The objective of the current study was to assess the feasibility of mass spectrometry‐based protein profiling and a classification tree algorithm for discriminating between patients with NPC and noncancer controls.METHODS.Serum samples from patients with NPC and noncancer controls were analyzed by using surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF‐MS). The study was divided into a preliminary training set and a blind test set: A preliminary training set and a classification tree of spectra derived from 55 patients with NPC and a group of 60 noncancer controls were used to develop a proteomic model that discriminated cancer from noncancer effectively. Then, the validity of the classification tree was challenged with a blind test set, which included another 25 patients with NPC and 28 noncancer controls.RESULTS.Four protein peaks at 4097 daltons (Da), 4180 Da, 5912 Da, and 8295 Da were chosen automatically as a biomarker pattern in the training set that discriminated cancer from noncancer with sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 96.7%. When the SELDI marker pattern was tested with the blinded test set, it yielded a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 92.9%, and an accuracy rate of 92.5%. The accuracy of 2 protein peaks (4581 Da and 7802 Da) was 80% for predicting stage I and II NPC and 86% for predicting stage III and IV NPC.CONCLUSIONS.The high sensitivity and specificity obtained by the serum protein profiling approach demonstrated that SELDI‐TOF‐MS combined with a tree analysis model both can facilitate discriminating between NPC and noncancer controls and can provide an innovative clinical diagnostic platform to improve the detection of NPC. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Cytogenetic and molecular responses and outcome in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan , Shan Jianqin , Huang Xuelin , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi‐Kashani Farhad , Verstovsek Srdan , Beth Rios Mary , Cortes Jorge 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Response rates in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are now reported based on the cumulative incidence of a single‐time best response. The study aim was to examine the significance of different response criteria for CML on imatinib therapy.METHODS.In all, 276 patients with chronic phase CML on imatinib therapy were analyzed. Cytogenetic and molecular responses were coded as to single best response and response at specific intervals of treatment.RESULTS.The cumulative incidence of complete cytogenetic response (CGCR) with imatinib was 91%; however, the incidence of CGCR at 48 months into therapy was only 78%. Similarly, the incidence of major molecular responses (best cumulative vs landmark at 48 months) were 74% versus 62%, and of undetectable BCR‐ABL transcripts 38% versus 24%. There was a strong association between achievement of major cytogenetic response (Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]‐positivity ≤35%) at 6 months to 12 months and survival as well as progression‐free survival (PFS). Achievement of major molecular response (vs lesser molecular response) in patients in complete cytogenetic response was not associated with significant differences in survival, but showed some association with PFS. Durable CGCR and major molecular responses (documented continuously for ≥12 months) were associated with longer PFS duration but not with survival duration differences. Of interest, major molecular responses documented at least twice were noted in 71% of patients on imatinib therapy; undetectable BCR‐ABL transcripts documented at least twice were noted in 34%.CONCLUSIONS.Achievement and durability of CGCR and of major and complete molecular responses at landmark times predict outcome in CML, and may help in comparing the efficacy of different treatments. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Differential localization of GABAAreceptor subunits within the substantia nigra of the human brain: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Waldvogel H.J. , Baer K. , Gai W.‐P. , Gilbert R.T. , Rees M.I. , Mohler H. , Faull R.L.M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acidA(GABAA) receptors (GABAAR) are inhibitory heteropentameric chloride ion channels comprising a variety of subunits and are localized at postsynaptic sites within the central nervous system. In this study we present the first detailed immunohistochemical investigation on the regional, cellular, and subcellular localisation of α1, α2, α3, β2,3, and γ2subunits of the GABAAR in the human substantia nigra (SN). The SN comprises two major regions, the SN pars compacta (SNc) consisting of dopaminergic projection neurons, and the SN pars reticulata (SNr) consisting of GABAergic parvalbumin‐positive projection neurons. The results of our single‐ and double‐labeling studies demonstrate that in the SNr GABAAreceptors contain α1, α3, β2,3, and γ2subunits and are localized in a weblike network over the cell soma, dendrites, and spines of SNr parvalbumin‐positive nonpigmented neurons. By contrast, GABAARs on the SNc dopaminergic pigmented neurons contain predominantly α3and γ2subunits; however there is GABAAR heterogeneity in the SNc, with a small subpopulation (6.5%) of pigmented SNc neurons additionally containing α1and β2,3GABAAR subunits. Also, in the SNr, parvalbumin‐positive terminals are adjacent to GABAAR on the soma and proximal dendrites of SNr neurons, whereas linear arrangements of substance P‐positive terminals are adjacent to GABAAreceptors on all regions of the dendritic tree. These results show marked GABAAR subunit hetereogeneity in the SN, suggesting that GABA exerts quite different effects on pars compacta and pars reticulata neurons in the human SN via GABAAreceptors of different subunit configurations. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:912–929, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PI3K signaling effects in hypothalamic neurons mediated by estrogen
Authors: Malyala Anna , Zhang Chunguang , Bryant Damani N. , Kelly Martin J. , Rønnekleiv Oline K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMultiple mechanisms mediate the effects of estrogen in the central nervous system, including signal transduction pathways such as protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways. Previously we demonstrated that estrogen regulates a number of PI3K‐related genes in the hypothalamus, including the PI3K p55γ regulatory subunit. We hypothesized that PI3K activation is critical for the effects of estrogen and that the p55γ subunit may be more prevalent than the p85α regulatory subunit in the hypothalamus. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the mRNA distribution of the p55γ and p85α regulatory subunits by using in situ hybridization in guinea pig. Expression level of p55γ mRNA was greater than p85α in most hypothalamic nuclei. Twenty‐four hours of estrogen treatment increased p55γ mRNA expression in the paraventricular, suprachiasmatic, arcuate, and ventromedial nuclei, and little or no change was observed for p85α mRNA. Quantitative real‐time PCR confirmed the in situ hybridization results. Next, we investigated the general role of PI3K signaling in the estrogen‐mediated changes of arcuate proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal excitability by using whole‐cell recording. One cellular mechanism by which estrogen increases neuronal excitability is to desensitize (uncouple) γ‐aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors from their G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ channels in hypothalamic neurons. We found that the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 significantly reduced the estrogen‐mediated GABAB receptor desensitization in POMC arcuate neurons, suggesting that PI3K signaling is a critical downstream mediator of the estrogen‐mediated rapid effects. Collectively, these data suggest that the interplay between estrogen and PI3K occurs at multiple levels, including transcriptional and membrane‐initiated signaling events that ultimately lead to changes in homeostatic function. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:895–911, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enkephalin co‐expression with classic neurotransmitters in the amygdaloid complex of the rat
Authors: Poulin Jean‐François , Castonguay‐Lebel Zoé , Laforest Sylvie , Drolet Guy 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study aimed at characterizing the neurotransmitter phenotype of enkephalin neurons in the rat amygdaloid complex. We first established the detailed distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT1 and ‐2) and glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) in the amygdala by using in situ hybridization. In the amygdaloid complex, GAD65 is strongly expressed in striatal‐like divisions, namely, the anterior amygdaloid area, the central nucleus (CEA), the intercalated nuclei, and the dorsal part of the medial nucleus (MEA). VGLUT1 and ‐2 expression is mostly segregated to specific divisions of the amygdale, with VGLUT2 being expressed only in the MEA, the anterior cortical nucleus (COAa), and the anterior basomedial nucleus (BMAa), whereas VGLUT1 is expressed in all other divisions of the amygdala. Second, we assessed the co‐expression of preproenkephalin (ppENK) with GAD65, VGLUT1, or VGLUT2 by using double fluorescent in situ hybridization. We found that ppENK mRNA co‐localized exclusively with GAD65 in all striatal‐like structures of the amygdaloid complex with the exception of the MEA, where ENK also co‐localized with VGLUT2 mRNA. This co‐localization is most apparent in the posteroventral part of the MEA, where 70% of ENKergic cells expressed VGLUT2. In addition, ppENK also co‐localized with VGLUT1 because more than 95% of ENK cells in the basolateral amygdala expressed VGLUT1. In contrast, less than 25% of ENKergic cells expressed VGLUT1 in the lateral nucleus of the amygdale, with the majority of ENK cells expressing GAD65 mRNA in this nucleus. These results have broad implications for understanding the functional roles of enkephalinergic neurotransmission in the amygdaloid complex. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:943–959, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upwind isoparametric interpolation finite point method for 2D scalar conservation equation
Authors: Yin Li , Shen Longjun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new upwind isoparametric interpolation finite point (UIIFP) scheme for meshless solver is proposed. This method is developed based on the least‐squares procedure and an upwind isoparametric interpolation approximation of the fictitious interface directional flux. The accuracy of UIIFP scheme and 2D test computation is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene environment interplay: Nonhuman primate models in the study of resilience and vulnerability
Authors: Bennett Allyson J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIdentifying how individual differences in risk for disease emerge is a major target for biomedical research. In many cases, however, the most lightly traversed avenues of this type of basic and clinical research are those that begin with a focus on early development. It appears likely that early influences may be pivotal in lifetime risk of disease and other adverse outcomes. Nonetheless, understanding the constellation of interacting biological, experiential, social factors that influence this risk has proved a relatively elusive target. Better specification of routes of interplay between these factors, as well as definitions of the mechanisms by which they affect change, are essential goals for numerous research areas. Furthermore, progress towards these goals is unlikely without meaningful integration of diverse disciplines, among them biology and developmental science. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 48–59, 2008.
Phagocytosis‐induced apoptosis of macrophages is linked to uptake, killing and degradation of bacteria
Authors: Frankenberg Tobias , Kirschnek Susanne , Häcker Hans , Häcker Georg 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPhagocytosis and intracellular destruction of pathogens by phagocytes is a crucial defense mechanism of the innate immune response during infection. It has been reported a number of times that the interaction with pyogenic, extracellular bacteria leads to the apoptotic death of phagocytes. The signaling events that cause this form of cell death are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate a link between uptake, killing and degradation of Escherichia coli bacteria and induction of apoptosis in macrophages. Treatment of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages with bafilomycin A1, a phagosome acidification inhibitor, reduced killing and degradation of phagocytosed bacteria and significantly decreased macrophage apoptosis. The stable overexpression of constitutively active or dominant‐negative mutants of the small GTPase Rab5a increased bacterial phagocytosis and consecutively apoptosis. In these cells, relative killing and degradation were not affected, linking the increased apoptosis to enhanced uptake and suggesting that the apoptosis‐inducing signal derives from the higher incidence of degradation events or an accumulation of phagosomes of a late maturation stage. These results thus provide a link between bacterial phagocytosis and degradation and the induction of apoptosis in macrophages. We propose that this form of apoptosis is the physiological conclusion of an innate immune response against pyogenic bacteria.
Nanocrystalline diamond: In vitro biocompatibility assessment by MG63 and human bone marrow cells cultures
Authors: Amaral M. , Dias A. G. , Gomes P. S. , Lopes M. A. , Silva R. F. , Santos J. D. , Fernandes M. H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has a great potential for prosthetic implants coating. Nevertheless, its biocompatibility still has to be better understood. To do so, we employed several materials characterization techniques (SEM, AFM, micro‐Raman spectroscopy) and cell culture assays using MG63 osteoblast‐like and human bone marrow cells. Biochemical routines (MTT assays, Lowry's method, ALP activity) supported by SEM and confocal microscopy characterization were carried out. We used silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates for NCD coatings based on a previous demonstration of the superior adhesion and tribological performance of these NCD coated ceramics. Results demonstrate an improved human osteoblast proliferation and the stimulation of differentiated markers, like ALP activity and matrix mineralization, compared with standard polystyrene tissue culture plates. The nanometric featuring of NCD, associated to its chemical affinity are key points for bone regeneration purposes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008