bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Threat from Minorities Decreases with Increased Societal Threat: Evidence from the 2021 Military Coup in Myanmar
Authors: Vandermeulen Daan , Endevelt Kinneret , Goldenberg Amit , Halperin Eran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Societies are often comprised of majority group members who feel threatened by minorities which, in return, are denied equal rights. How do perceived societal threats, that impact both majorities and minorities, influence perceived minority threat and the support for their rights? We utilized the February 2021 Myanmar coup – which has been perceived as threatening by most majority and minority citizens – to examine this question in a three-wave cross-sectional survey. One wave was conducted before the coup. The second (immediately after) and third (one year after) were aimed to understand short and long-term changes in perceived minority threat following the coup. Perceived minority threat decreased after the coup with increased perceived societal threat (wave 2) and increased back again when perceived societal threat diminished (wave 3). Perceived minority threat was also associated with higher support for minority rights. Our results reveal the dynamic nature of group-relevant threats using a unique non-WEIRD sample.
Silicon-Germanium Sourced Dopingless Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor Based Oxygen Gas Sensor with Improved Sensitivity
Authors: SINGH NAVANEET KUMAR , Kumar Chandan , Mahato Thakur Prasad , Kumar Suraj , Azam Saquib , Singh Shradhya , Kumar Naveen , Singh Prashant Kumar , Kar Rajib , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a transducer sensor based on a Charge Plasma Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor is proposed for the detection of Oxygen (O2) gas using a Silicon Germanium (SiGe) sourced structure (SiGe-CP-NW-TFET). The electrical performances of SiGe-sourced Charge Plasma Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (SiGe-CP-NW-TFET) have been compared with Charge Plasma Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (CP-NW-TFET). The electrical parameters considered are ION, IOFF, ION/IOFF, Subthreshold slope (SS), and threshold voltage (Vt). The SiGe-CP-NW-TFET has better electrical performance as compared to SiGe-CP-NW-TFET. Further, the device characteristics like electric field, electric potential, charge carriers, and energy band diagram of both the devices have also been compared. The fundamental physics of the presented sensor is also explored from an exhaustive electrostatic investigation of the tunnelling junction in the context of gas molecule adsorption. The impact of device parameters of the proposed SiGe-CP-NW-TFET on electrical performance has also been studied. The device parameters considered are oxide thickness, extended gate length, silicon film thickness, and molar concentration of SiGe at the source side. The impact of oxide thickness, extended gate length, the radius of NW, and the concentration of SiGe (molar) at the source side on the sensitivity of the O2 gas sensor has been analysed. The proposed O2 gas sensor has a current ratio of 3.65×107 and a subthreshold slope of 58.23 mV/decade.
E_YOLO:Infrared Parson-Vehicle Detection based on enhanced YOLOv8s algorithm
Authors: Wu Chun-Ming , Lei jin , R Lingli Ling , Li Z , Liang YunFeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background:
Falls are a major health concern among older adults causing around 684,000 deaths annually. By 2050, 16% of the world population is projected to be 65 years and older hence effective fall prevention strategies are crucial for the health systems. The World Falls Guidelines from 2022 classified cardiovascular disease as a potential risk factor while recommending multidomain fall-prevention intervention strategies in older community dwelling adults. Individual cardiorespiratory fitness was not further discussed leading to the aim of this scoping review which is to (1) assess the effects acute bouts of aerobic exercise on balance, fall risk or fall rate and to (2) assess the relationship between aerobic capacity, balance, fall risk and fall rate in older adults.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted, including peer-reviewed articles written in in English language, dating from 1957 to February 2024 that are listed in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Eligible for inclusion were articles using the following keywords and their synonyms: aerobic capacity, falls, balance, exercise, and older adults. The references were categorized in two topics: (1) effects of acute bouts of exercise on balance or gait performance as fall risk factors in older persons and (2) the direct relation between aerobic capacity, balance and fall rate in older adults. The findings were systematically summarized, using the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.
Results: Twelve articles with a total of 11,109 persons aged between 20 and 94 years old were included. Eight publications reported impaired balance after moderate to strenuous exercise in older adults. The direct relationship of aerobic capacity and fall risk was described in four publications, suggesting an inverse relationship.
Conclusions: After acute bouts of aerobic exercise, an intensity-related impairment of balance in older persons was observed, a finding worth acknowledging when prescribing strenuous exercise with increased lactate levels to older adults. Since the effects lasted from 10 to 30 minutes, it is recommended to avoid balance challenging tasks after moderate to strenuous exercise in this demographic.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards Stroke Prevention and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending North Shewa Public Hospitals, 2023
Authors: Hussein Dursa , Girma Derara , Oyato Befekadu Tesfaye , Birhanu Belete , Teressa Beka , Bacha Sintayew , Geleta Rabbira Edessa , Ibrahim Seifu Mohammed , Lakew Meron Seyoum 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is a global public health concern, with hypertension being a known risk factor. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to stroke prevention among hypertensive patients in central Ethiopia.
Method
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 hypertensive patients at North Shewa Public Hospitals from June to July 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The data were collected via a structured questionnaire through face-to-face exit interviews. The data were downloaded to Excel from the Kobo toolbox and subsequently exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Variables with a P value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. The degree of association was expressed using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a P value < 0.05.
Results
The prevalence of good knowledge, a positive attitude and good practices toward stroke prevention was 42.9%, within the 95% CI (38.4–48.0%), 40.8%, [95% CI (35.7%, 45.8%)] and 39.8%, within the 95% CI (42.9, 52.5], respectively. Factors associated with knowledge included educational level (secondary college education and above) (AOR = 5.1: 95% CI = 1.1–18.1; AOR = 6.2: 95% CI = 4.6–17.2); duration of illness (AOR = 9.5: 95% CI = 4.9–18.3]; duration of treatment (AOR = 7.4: 95% CI = 2422); and physical exercise [AOR = 3.9: 95% CI = 2.5–15.6]. Factors associated with a positive attitude included history of hearing or reading about stroke (AOR = 9.7: 95% CI = 4.4–21.4), duration of treatment (AOR = 2.0: 95% CI = 1.2–3.1) and history of hospitalization (AOR = 4.5: 95% CI = 4.5 1.4–13.8). Factors associated with good prevention practices included urban residency [AOR = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2–3.1)], duration of illness (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5), and diabetic mellitus comorbidity (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.7–5.9].
Conclusion
The study revealed poor levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to stroke prevention among hypertensive patients. Efforts should be made to improve patients' understanding and behaviors regarding stroke prevention.
Comparison of the effect of licorice and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral health of intubated patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Oshvandi Khodayar , Lotfi Reza Faghih , Azizi Azim , Tapak Leli , Larki-Harchegani Amir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Chlorhexidine mouthwash is a common oral hygiene product used in intensive care units, but it may have some adverse effects. Licorice, a natural herb, could be a potential alternative to chlorhexidine. However, the effect of licorice mouthwash on the oral health of intubated patients has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of licorice and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral health of intubated patients.
Methods
This was a triple-blind clinical trial. The sample included 130 intubated patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Iran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: A and B. In group A, the main researcher applied 15 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash after each brushing (twice a day for 5.5 days) and suctioned it after 30 seconds. In group B, 20% licorice mouthwash was used instead of chlorhexidine. The demographic information questionnaire and the Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS) were completed by one of the nurses before and on the sixth day of the study.
Results
Finally, 60 patients in each group completed the study. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic variables or oral health before the intervention (P > 0.05). The oral health of patients in both the chlorhexidine and liquorice mouthwash groups improved significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in oral health between the two groups at postintervention (P = 0.06).
Conclusion
Considering the herbal nature, cost-effectiveness and lack of serious side effects of licorice mouthwash, it can be used as a suitable alternative for chlorhexidine.
Eletrocardiographic evaluation of continuous lidocaine infusion in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane
Authors: Martins Ana Paula , Games Bruna de Moraes Martins , de Siqueira Carlos Eduardo , Santos Juliana Grecco Braz dos , Santos Paulo Sergio Patto dos , Ferreira Wagner Luis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous infusions of lidocaine on electrocardiographic variables in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane. Twenty dogs were divided into two experimental groups: a control group (CG) and a lidocaine group (GL). The animals were anesthetized using a face mask with sevoflurane. Subsequently, an intravenous bolus of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) was administered to the GL, followed by the start of continuous infusion (100 µg/kg/minute). For the CG, the same methodology was used, in which lidocaine was replaced with 0.9% NaCl saline solution in identical volumes, rates and routes. Observations of the variables of interest began before the administration of lidocaine or 0.9% NaCl (MB) and 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes after the start of continuous infusion (M20, M40, M60 and M80, respectively). The following variables were studied: heart rate and systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure. Electrocardiographic measurements: P-wave, P-R interval, Q-R-S length, R-wave, and Q-T interval.
Results
No significant differences were observed in the mean values ​​between time points within each group or between groups for any of the variables studied.
Conclusions
continuous infusion of lidocaine did not promote important changes in the cardiac electrophysiology of dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane.
SELP can affect the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer and is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Wu Yue , Liu Jingyu , Yin Tong , Li Xiaoxiao , Liu Xian , Peng Xiaobo , Zhan Xianbao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer. However, it is still unclear how the immune and stromal components of the TMEs are modulated. In this study, we have applied the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the number of immune and stromal components in 410 STAD cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. COX regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). P-selectin (SELP) was identified as a predictor by cross-analysis of univariate COX and PPI. After verifying the clinical significance of SELP in this study, we performed immune infiltration analysis and identified 54 immunomodulators associated with SELP using public data. Immunomodulation associated with gastric cancer prognosis was confirmed by LASSO regression, and previous results were further validated using single-cell data. Finally, we have verified that SELP promoted EMT in gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SELP may affect the biological phenotype of gastric cancer with its immune microenvironment.
Regioselectivity and physical nature of the interactions between (methyl)guanine with HCl and CH3OH
Authors: Detila Diyavanga , Isamura Bienfait Kabuyaya , Bilonda Mireille Kabuyi , Frédéric Kahenga Kafwaya , Mayaliwa Muzomwe , Muya Jules Tshishimbi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive study of the hydrogen bonding interactions between guanine (G) and methyl guanine derivatives (MGs) in the presence of HCl and MeOH is carried out at B3LYP, B3LYP-D3 and M062X/6-311 + + G(d.p) levels using molecular electrostatic potential, natural bond orbital, and symmetry adapted perturbation theory. Making use of these state-of-the-art techniques, this study attempts to elucidate the chemical bonding, regioselectivity, and physical nature of the interactions responsible for the stability of (M)G…L (L = HCl, MeOH) acid-base complexes. Our calculations reveal that 1-G, 3-MG, and 5-MG interact more strongly with MeOH than HCl due to the positive hydrogen bond cooperativity. Furthermore, the carbonyl site on G is found to be the most reactive site, while methyl substitution increases the basicity of the nucleobase, thus yielding more stable complexes. The strongest H-bond interaction in G-complexes is found when HCl and MeOH attack carbonyl in anti-position. Finally, energy decomposition analyses through the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory reveal that most complexes are mainly stabilized via electrostatic interactions. The energy difference between complex isomers shows a competition between 3-HCl-G (MG) and 4-HCl-G (MG) at ∆G level where thermal, BSSE and entropy terms are included.
Application decision model of blockchain technology in construction supply chain
Authors: XIAO Mufeng , Chen Xiaobo , Wang Meng , HAN Yanchun , XU Xiaoyang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the advent of the global digital era, the new generation of information technology represented by blockchain has gradually matured and penetrated into various industries, triggering a new round of technological innovation and industrial revolution. In construction projects, it is difficult for individual participants in the construction supply chain to make decisions about whether to adopt blockchain technology. It involves a complex decision-making process, the need to coordinate various players, the large capital investments involved, and the AD hoc nature of the construction supply chain. The characteristics and advantages of blockchain technology are a natural match for the construction industry's pain points, helping to solve many of the thorthoric problems that have long plagued the construction industry, such as poor information sharing, lack of trust among stakeholders, complex supply chain processes, payment delays, and lack of accountability. This study proposes a blockchain technology adoption decision model that can predict the success rate of each construction supply chain (CSC) participant after adopting blockchain technology, thereby helping them make decisions about whether or not to adopt blockchain. First, based on the TOE framework, the decision factors that affect blockchain adoption are summarized. Then, the decision model is established by Likert scale and DEMATEL method. Finally, an example is given to apply the model. This study can help CSC participants make informed decisions about whether to adopt blockchain technology. This study also further expands the construction industry as an important field of IS research.
Application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to Optimize Acute Kidney Injury Management Process- a multicenter study in China
Authors: Xu Qiling , Cheng Fang , Guo Wei , Zhu Chunqi , Tao Jinyi , Li Shihong , Xiong Jing , Qiu Tao , Chen Chen , Gong Shiwei , Zeng Fang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in the healthcare setting, especially in the hospital across all departments, often misdiagnosed and inappropriately worked up of AKI which causes severe consequences. This study aims to implement a risk evaluation and for AKI management in the hospital setting to identify potential failure modes.
Method
From June 2022, a structured Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was carried out, followed by eight months of risk evaluation and management. FMEA in AKI management process, included five steps: establishing context, selecting team member, identifying potential failure modes by Delphi Method, quantizing each failure mode and prioritizing the failure modes, and planning intervention to reduce harm.
Result
A total of 22 failure modes were identified across 5 processes. Among these, the top three risks were associated with medication, with the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) being 224 due to pharmacists failing to provide the correct dosage adjustment plan. After the implementation of a CDSS for AKI management, the total RPN decreased by 87.5% compared to the current status without CDSS.
Conclusion
The highest-priority risks associated with AKI were linked to medications. These risks could be effectively managed through the use of an CDSS.
Adjustment to an Appropriate Bedtime Improves Nocturia in Older Adults: A Cross Over Study
Authors: Okumura Yoshinaga , Nobukawa Sou , Ishibashi Tomoaki , Takahashi Tetsuya , Seki Masaya , Inamura Sou , Taga Minekatsu , Fukushima Masato , Kosaka Hirotaka , Yokoyama Osamu , Terada Naoki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study examined whether nocturia can be improved by adhering to an appropriate bedtime among older adults. This prospective comparative crossover study included alternate 4-week intervention and non-intervention periods with a 2-week washout period. During the intervention, participants went to bed at a personalized bedtime, as determined by data from a wrist-wearable device. The frequency-volume chart and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were administered before and after each period. The analysis included 24 of 33 patients enrolled for the study. Twenty-two participants tended to go to bed earlier than their optimal bedtime, so the mean bedtime changed from 21:30 to 22:11 hours after intervention (p < 0.001). The least-square mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) change in nocturnal urinary frequency within-participant difference was − 0.889 (-1.30 to -0.482) times (p < 0.001). During the intervention and non-intervention periods, the average changes in nocturnal urine volume were − 105.6 ml and + 4.4 ml (p = 0.041), the mean changes in hours of undisturbed sleep were + 62.8, and + 12.7 minutes (p = 0.008), and the average changes in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index were − 2.4 and + 1.2 (p = 0.027). Older adults with nocturia tend to go to bed earlier than their ideal bedtime. Bedtime correction significantly reduces nocturnal urinary frequency and improves sleep quality.
Quantitative determination of free fatty acids in foodstuff matrix by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Authors: Wenming Cao , Zhang yuyang , Tingting Wei , Tong Li , Guolong Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) serve as crucial analytical markers in oils, fats, and food, reflecting food safety through their content variations. However, the analysis of FFAs in food samples is constrained by potential interferences from other acidic components in the sample matrix during sample processing, resulting in distorted analytical outcomes and introducing positive bias. In the present study, we developed a feasible method for the analysis of FFAs in edible oil and food samples using gas chromatography – hydrogen flame ionization detector (GC-FID) combined with in SPE extraction and derivatization method free fatty acids in edible oil and foodstuff matrices. The established method was also validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), and matrix effect. It was proved to be linear (R2 > 0.99), with lower LODs of 0.108–0.564 µg/mL, and lower LOQs of 0.258 − 0.151 µg/mL for all FFAs. Overall, the simple, rapid, and cost-effective method developed in this study provides a potential application for the extraction and enrichment of FFAs in complex sample matrices, including edible oils, fatty foods, and high-content biological samples
IL-18 production is required for the generation of a Th1 response during chromoblastomycosis
Authors: LG Ferreira , Almeida  
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection characterized by the formation of granulomatous lesions in the skin and subcutaneous tissues that begins after inoculation trauma. The disease is more frequently observed in tropical countries such as Brazil. Important studies have been shown a predominantly cell-mediated immune response during chromoblastomycosis. Results from our laboratory showed that Th1 responses are essential to induce protection during chromoblastomycosis. IL-18 is primarily produced by macrophages and is known to induce the production of IFNγ, a cytokine associated with Th1 cell activation. Once produced, IL-18 acts to promote Th1 cell differentiation and activation. Th1 cells, in turn, secrete cytokines such as IFNγ, which are critical for the elimination of intracellular pathogens, including fungi. IFNγ enhances the fungicidal activity of macrophages, promotes the development of antifungal effector mechanisms, and contributes to the containment of fungal growth. Our results indicate that F. pedrosoi is sensed by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which induces caspase-1 activation and production of IL-18. Moreover, IL-18 plays a crucial role in activating Th1 cells and controlling fungal loads during chromoblastomycosis. Further research into the mechanisms underlying IL-18-mediated immunity may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this chronic fungal infection.
Influence of the Water Content in Polyamide 6 on Adhesion and Surface Pre-treatment for Adhesive Bonding
Authors: Beier Christoph J. A. , Schiebahn Alexander , Reisgen Uwe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To quantify the influence of absorbed water in PA6 on the pre-treatment and bonding process, an unfilled and unreinforced PA6 material is investigated in a dried and saturated state. The material is pre-treated by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) with air as process gas and varying jet distances. The surfaces are investigated by contact angle measurements, DSC and FTIR to detect molecular and morphological changes in the surface. To evaluate the bonding strength, samples are bonded with a two-component polyurethane adhesive and a two-component acrylate adhesive and tested in a lap shear test and a tensile test. The results show that water content has a significant influence on the effectivity of the pre-treatment process and the resulting bonding strength and failure mechanism. The adhesion is majorly affected, however these effects do not affect the macroscopic wetting behavior and cannot be measured in contact angles. FTIR spectra and DSC scans do not show significant changes in molecular groups or crystallinity that would explain the observed adhesion improvement in dried samples. High bonding strength is only achieved with adherents at low water content.