bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substernal goiter
Authors: Newman Elliot , Shaha Ashok R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe management of a substernal goiter is a problem which has challenged surgeons since its first description in 1749. While the overall incidence in the United States has decreased with the routine use of iodized salt, the development of large multinodular substernal goiters in the rest of the world is still common. In addition, even in those regions where they are less common, knowledge of their treatment is important as they can represent up to 7% of mediastinal tumors. Certainly, the majority are large, benign masses found in the superior and anterior mediastinum, although from 3 to 15% can be malignant in nature. The presenting symptoms generally relate to the compressive nature of the mass on nearby structures. Up to 90% of patients report some form of respiratory symptoms in association with these masses. Diagnostic evaluation should include chest x‐ray and computed tomographic (CT) scan. Needle aspiration biopsy should be avoided due to its dangerous substernal location. The treatment is surgical, as medical therapy is generally unsuccessful. Perioperative management should include careful evaluation of the airway as the extent of compression and deviation caused by the mass can lead to a difficult intubation. The vast majority of substernal goiters can be removed via a cervical incision; occasionally sternotomy or thoracotomy is necessary. Although rare, tracheomalacia secondary to prolonged compression of the trachea by the mass needs to be watched for postoperatively. Overall, the results of surgical treatment are excellent, as morbidity and mortality are minimal and patients can expect full relief of symptoms secondary to these mediastinal masses. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical significance of cathepsin D assay in breast cancer tissues
Authors: Itoh Yukashi , Kobayashi Shunzo , Iwase Hirotaka , Yamashita Hiroko , Kuzushima Tatsuya , Iwata Hiroji , Yamashita Toshinari , Naitoh Akihiro , Itoh Kazuko , Masaoka Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCathepsin D was assayed in 74 primary breast cancer specimens by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunohistochemical assay (ICA). Of the 74 specimens, 38 (51.4%) were scored positive by ICA, and 25 (33.8%) were scored positive by EIA. The coincidence rate between ICA and EIA was 71.6% (53/74). There was no significant correlation between cathepsin D and menopausal status, tumor size, number of metastatic lymph nodes, histologic type of the tumor, or steroid receptor status. Cathepsin D status designated by EIA or ICA predicted neither disease‐free survival (DFS) nor overall survival (OAS). Subset analysis with estrogen receptor, menopausal, and lymph node status revealed no association between cathepsin D and survival. Univariate analysis revealed no association between cathepsin D and DFS or OAS. Therefore, cathepsin D is not an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor activity of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II) depends on its time × concentration product against human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro
Authors: Kurihara Naoto , Kubota Tetsuro , Hoshiya Yasunori , Otani Yoshihide , Kumai Koichiro , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pharmacodynamic study of cisplatin (DDP) was conducted using the gastric cancer cell lines MKN‐45 and MKN‐74 in vitro. Ten thousand tumor cells were incubated with 0.4–500 μg/ml DDP for 1–25 h, followed by recovery culture for a further 48 h. At the end of incubation, cell viability was detected by the MTT end‐point, and the inhibition rate was compared in relation to the incubation time, DDP concentration, and the time × concentration product (area under the curve in vitro: AUC vitro). In both of the cell lines, the IC50 and IC90 values decreased as the exposure time increased, going a linear curve with a slope of almost — 1, and showing a typical log‐log AUC vitro‐dependent curve. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of DDP is dependent on its AUC vitro, suggesting the clinical usefulness of this drug when administered daily in small divided doses. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ewing's sarcoma of bone: Oncologic and functional results
Authors: Renard Auke J. S. , Veth René P. H. , Pruszczynksi Maciej , Hoogenhout Jaap , Bökkerink Jos , Van Der Staak Frans J. M. , Wobbes Theo , Lemmens Josef A. M. , van Hoesel René , Van Horn Jim R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes 29 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated between 1975 and 1990 at the University of Nijmegen Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Osteomyelitis was the primary diagnosis in 24%.Treatment consisted of chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Nine patients received radiotherapy only; five of them died of disease. Five patients underwent an intralesional excision; four of them died of disease. Twelve patients underwent a wide excision; there is no evidence of disease in any of them. Three patients underwent a radical disarticulation; all died of disease. The disease‐free survival at 1.5 years was 66%. This figure at 5 years was 55%. After wide excision and reconstruction in tumors of expendable, femoral or radial bones good functional results were obtained in all cases. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative brachytherapy using gelfoam radioactive plaque implants for resected stage iii non‐small cell lung cancer with positive margin: A pilot study
Authors: Nori Dattatreyudu , Li Xilian , Pugkhem Tretorn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplete surgical resection of stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is at times impossible. Adjuvant radiation therapy is required to sterilize the residual tumor. This study is to investigate the safety, reproducibility, and effectiveness of intraoperative I–125 or Pd‐103 Gelfoam plaque implant technique as an adjuvant treatment for resected stage III NSCLC with positive surgical margin. Between 1989 and 1993, 12 patients with stage III NSCLC received intraoperative lung implant with radioactive I–125 or Pd‐103 pellets. All 12 patients underwent tumor resection, but either gross or microscopic positive margin was found during operation. Radioactive I‐125 or Pd‐103 seeds were embedded in the Gelfoam plaque. After surgical resection was completed, the radioactive Gelfoam plaque was secured onto the tumor bed either by clips or suture. Either preoperative or postoperative external beam radiation of 45–60 Gy was given to all of the 12 patients. Four patients received chemotherapy. No patient has developed any early or late complications attributable to implant procedure or radiation. The local control rate at last follow‐up is 82%. The 2‐year overall and cause‐specific survival rates are 45% and 56%, respectively. The intraoperative Gelfoam I‐125 or Pd‐103 planar implant technique is a safe, reproducible, and effective technique of treatment for stage III NSCLC with positive surgical margin. Encouraging local control and survival are achieved in patients treated with this technique. This technique will compliment standard adjuvant treatments to further improve local control in resected stage III lung cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid carcinoma metastasized to the sternum: Resection of the sternum and reconstruction with acrylic resin
Authors: Ozaki Osamu , Kitagawa Wataru , Koshiishi Haruya , Sugino Kiminori , Mimura Takashi , Ito Kunihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently we resected and reconstructed the sternum in two female patients with thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the sternum. Histological diagnosis of the metastatic lesion was follicular carcinoma in the first case and papillary carcinoma in the second case. Reconstruction of the sternum was accomplished by using an acrylic resin plate alone in the first case and an acrylic resin plate sandwiched between layers of Marlex® mesh (Marlex sandwich procedure) in the second case. In the first case the acrylic resin plate was directly fixed to the ribs with metallic wires, most of which snapped off later, and a small amount of exudate accumulated around the plate for a short period of time. In contrast, the postoperative course in the second case was uneventful and the Marlex® sandwich procedure seemed superior in chest wall reconstruction following resection of the sternum. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser surgery of port wine stains using local vacuum pressure: Changes in skin morphology and optical properties (Part I)
Authors: Childers Michael A. , Franco Walfre , Nelson J. Stuart , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn a recent case study, the use of a suction device to aid in port wine stain (PWS) laser treatments showed favorable results. It is our objective to further understand the mechanisms of vacuum‐assisted laser therapy by analyzing the mechanical and optical changes of the skin and musculoskeletal tissues during the application of mild vacuum pressure from a suction cup.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA mathematical model of tissue deformation was used to determine the changes in tissue morphology that affect the underlying laser‐tissue interactions, such as epidermal stretching and thinning, blood vessel dilation, and change in blood vessel depth. Video imaging experiments were used to verify the bulk tissue deformation and skin surface stretching computed by the mathematical model. Additionally, visible reflectance spectroscopy was used to determine the changes in the optical characteristics of tissue, including blood vessel dilation and epidermal absorption coefficient.ResultsAt a vacuum pressure of 50 kP
a, the epidermis at the center of the suction cup was measured to stretch 4% and was calculated to be thinned approximately 6%. Blood vessels embedded in the dermis were measured to dilate up to two times their original size. However, these vessels were calculated to be displaced toward the skin surface by a very small amount, approximately 1–3 µm. The absorption coefficient of the epidermis was also measured to be reduced significantly by approximately 25% at a wavelength of 585 nm.ConclusionsMild vacuum pressure applied to the skin surface causes considerable changes in the morphology and optical properties of the tissue. These changes may be used for more efficient photothermolysis of small PWS blood vessels. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:108–117, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The new‐generation, high‐energy, 595‐nm, long pulse‐duration pulsed‐dye laser improves the appearance of photodamaged skin
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChronic sun‐exposure results in five main changes to exposed skin: telangiectasia, hyperpigmentation, rhytides, enlarged pores, and sagging skin. Various laser and non‐laser modalities have been used to improve sun‐damaged skin. The pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) has an unparalleled safety record and an ideal wavelength for treating the signs of photodamage. In this study, we investigate the ability of the long pulse‐duration PDL to improve the appearance of photodamaged skin.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTen subjects with cutaneous photodamage were treated with the high‐energy, long pulse‐duration PDL using fluences ranging from 8.0 to 10.0 J/cm2, a 10‐mm spot, and a 10‐millisecond pulse‐duration. Five subjects judged to have discrete solar lentigos or ephiledes were also treated to these lesions using a compression handpiece. Improvement was determined by blinded evaluation of photographs taken before and after the final treatment, and by subjects' self‐evaluation 8 weeks following the final treatment.ResultsSubjects rated overall improvement as 65%, facial veins as 72% improved, hyperpigmentation 65% improved, enlarged pores 65% improved, and wrinkles 62% improved. Improvement was also determined by 3 physicians rating digital photographs and blinded as to which photos were pre‐ or post‐treatment. They rated wrinkles as improved in 50% of photographs, veins as improved in 82%, diffuse redness as improved in 80%, pigmentary alterations as improved in 61.4%, and pore size as improved in 25%.ConclusionsThe high‐energy, long pulse‐duration PDL improves photodamaged skin using non‐purpuric settings. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo histological evaluation of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device
Authors: Hantash Basil M. , Bedi Vikramaditya P. , Kapadia Bhumika , Rahman Zakia , Jiang Kerrie , Tanner Heather , Chan Kin Foong , Zachary Christopher B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA novel carbon dioxide (CO2) laser device employing ablative fractional resurfacing was tested on human skin in vivo for the first time.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAn investigational 30 W, 10.6 µm CO2 laser system was focused to a 1/e2 spot size of 120 µm to generate an array of microscopic treatment zones (MTZ) in human forearm skin. A range of pulse energies between 5 and 40 mJ was tested and lesion dimensions were assessed histologically using hematoxylin & eosin. Wound healing of the MTZ's was assessed immediately‐, 2‐day, 7‐day, 1‐month, and 3‐month post treatment. The role of heat shock proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe investigational CO2 laser system created a microscopic pattern of ablative and thermal injury in human skin. The epidermis and part of the dermis demonstrated columns of thermal coagulation that surrounded tapering ablative zones lined by a thin eschar layer. Changing the pulse energy from 5 to 30 mJ resulted in a greater than threefold increase in lesion depth and twofold increase in width. Expression of heat shock protein (hsp)72 was detected as early as 2 days post‐treatment and diminished significantly by 3 months. In contrast, increased expression of hsp47 was first detected at 7 days and persisted at 3 months post‐treatment.ConclusionThe thermal effects of a novel investigational ablative CO2 laser system utilizing fractional resurfacing were characterized in human forearm skin. We confirmed our previous ex vivo findings and show for the first time in‐vivo, that a controlled array of microscopic treatment zones of ablation and coagulation could be deposited in human skin by varying treatment pulse energy. Immunohistochemical studies of heat shock proteins revealed a persistent collagen remodeling response lasting at least 3 months. We successfully demonstrated the first in‐vivo use of ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR™) treatment on human skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:96–107, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood‐vessel neoplasms in children: Epidemiologic aspects
Authors: Chabalko John J. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a search for etiologic leads to blood‐vessel neoplasms, we examined 111 death certificates of U.S. children who died from 1960 to 1968 of angiosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, and hemangiopericytoma and 127 medical records of similar cases from 12 institutes. The available data provided no leads to environmental agents (vinyl chloride, thorotrast, arsenic) that can produce vascular liver tumors in adults, but one infant, who died from a hepatic tumor, lived within a mile of an industrial source of polyvinyl chloride. About half of the children with hepatic hemangioendotheliomas had associated skin hemangiomas, which may aid in the differential diagnosis of liver tumors in infancy. Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas also predominated in girls, a possible clue to the origin of the tumor. A familial influence was suggested by one sibling aggregation of cutaneous hemangioendotheliomas.
Intravenous catheter infection study: A prospective trial in patients with neoplastic disease
Authors: Feld R. , Leers W. D. , Curtis J. E. , Bergsagel D. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the frequency and significance of infection at the site of indwelling intravenous catheters. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to have an intravenous infusion utilizing either a plastic cannula or a short metal needle. Both of these groups were further randomly divided into two groups, one having the intravenous catheter removed every 48 hr and the other having the catheter changed only when necessary.One hundred and eighty‐seven catheters from 50 patients were cultured. Eleven (5.9%) of the catheters were found to be colonized by organisms. Metal needles and plastic cannulas were infected with similar frequency. The incidence of local infection was not influenced by concurrent antibiotic therapy, local phlebitis, or the level of the granulocyte count during the period of intravenous infusion. Six of 31 catheter tips in place for longer than 56 hr were colonized by organisms, compared with 5 of 156 catheter tips in place for less than 56 hr (p < 0.001). The study indicates that indwelling intravenous catheters should be changed at least every 48 hr in order to prevent colonization of the tip of the intravenous catheter.
Mononuclear cell content of human solid tumors
Authors: Hersh Evan M. , Mavligit Giora M. , Gutterman Jordan U. , Barsales Petronilo B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mononuclear cell content and mononuclear cell function of human solid tumors were determined. Twenty‐eight primary, and 17 metastatic solid tumors, including 6 lymph node metastases, were obtained from 45 patients. Cells were released from the tumors by mincing, scraping, and sieving. Analysis of the cellular content was determined by light microscopy, and tumor lymphocyte function was determined by stimulation of blastogenesis with PHA, PWM, Con‐A, MLC, and SLO. A median of 3.3 × 107 tumor cells with 12.5% viability was obtained per gram of tumor, and a median of 7.8 × 106 lymphocytes with a viability of 96% and 0.35 × 106 macrophages with a viability of 85% was also obtained per gram of tumor. Significant lymphocyte responses to various mitogens and antigens were obtained in 31–40% of the tumor lymphocyte preparations. From 9.4% to 23% had vigorous responses with a stimulation index greater than 10. Primary tumors contained significantly more lymphocytes than metastatic tumors; thus, the percent lymphocytes in primary tumors was 13.5% compared to 5% for metastatic tumors. In contrast, some of the lymphocyte responses were significantly greater for metastatic tumors than primary tumors. These data suggest that the direct study of lymphocytes infiltrating primary and metastatic tumors may be a useful approach to understanding tumor immunity in man.
Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin (NSC‐123127) and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC‐45388) in children with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Cangir Ayten , Morgan Samuel K. , Land Vita J. , Pullen Jeanette , Starling Kenneth A. , Nitschke Ruprecht 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCombination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms tumor, 7 out of 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33 patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients) and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There were 7 drug‐associated deaths due to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure (2).
Cytogenetic studies in acute lymphocytic leukemia: Special emphasis in long‐term survival
Authors: Whang‐Peng Jacqueline , Knutsen Turid , Ziegler John , Leventhal Brigid 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytogenetic studies were performed in 331 patients with ALL diagnosed at the National Institutes of Health between January 1961 and January 1976. Four patients had constitutionally abnormal genotypes, three had Down's syndrome, and one had a D/G translocation. Aneuploidy was observed in the pretreatment bone marrow in 49/115 (42.6%) of the patients and at some stage of disease in 54.1% of the patients. Aneuploidy in this series exhibited several general characteristics: aneuploid cells usually coexist with normal stem cells, hyperdiploidy is predominant, and wide ranging aneuploidy clusters around a major cell line. The most common chromosomal group involved in aneuploidy is the G group (p = 0.001) and the next most common is the B group (p = 0.01). Aneuploidy disappeared after successful achievement of remission, and new clones developed in 12 patients during relapse. Two of the four patients originally thought to have a Ph1 chromosome, on trypsin Giemsa banding were proved to have a 21q‐ chromosome. A higher incidence of aneuploidy was noted in patients under one year or more than 20 years of age and was also higher in patients with low or elevated WBCs at diagnosis. The appearance of aneuploid cells in the bone marrow at the onset or later in the disease is of no prognostic significance but persistence of these lines and the development of total aneuploidy signals a poor prognosis. Eradication of aneuploid cells is therefore essential for the achievement of a long remission and progress to a permanent cure.
Cicatricial ectropion secondary to 5‐fluorouracil therapy
Authors: Straus David J. , Mausolf Frederick A. , Ellerby Richard A. , McCracken Joseph D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour cases of cicatricial ectropion secondary to prolonged systemic administration of 5‐fluorouracil are described. In 1 patient ectropion resolved with conservative treatment and discontinuation of 5‐FU. Another patient developed the ectropion terminally and died before its resolution. In 2 patients surgical repair of the ectropion was unsuccessful in relieving conjunctival symptoms while 5‐FU was continued. With prolonged adjuvant chemotherapy programs utilizing 5‐FU, this complication may be seen with increasing frequency. Conservative management should be attempted, and patients with this problem should be reassured that symptoms will resolve when 5‐FU is stopped.
Prognosis in children with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Okamura Jun , Sutow Wataru W. , Moon Thomas E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDistant metastases were documented in 83 of 161 children with rhabdomyosarcoma seen between 1953 and 1974. Of these, 31 had metastases at diagnosis (Group IV) and 7 were noted to have metastases only at autopsy. Only 6 are living with no evidence of disease activity at 6, 20, 77, 85, 105, and 112 months from time of metastasis. One child is living with disease at 98 months. Late deaths occurred in 2 at 31 and 41 months after metastasis. Sixty‐four of the 66 deaths occurred within 24 months. The median durations of life after metastasis were less than 9 months in Groups I and II patients, less than 6 months in Group III patients, and about 12 months in 31 Group IV patients. The median time to metastasis in Groups I, II, and III patients was 9 months.
Clinical trial of nafoxidine in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Steinbaum Fred L. , de Jager Robert L. , Krakoff Irwin H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐nine postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, Nafoxidine. The drug was generally well tolerated with dermatitis being the major toxic effect. A partial response in 12 of 40 patients, or 30%, was achieved with a median duration of response of greater than five months.