bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonionic wetting agents
Authors: Weil J. K. , Koos R. E. , Linfield W. M. , Parris N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurified polyglycol ester and ether types of non‐ionic surfactants were investigated to determine optimum structures for wetting hydrophobic soils, peat moss, and standard cotton skeins (Draves test). The most rapid wetting of hydrophobic soil was observed with diethylene glycol monoesters of fatty acids possessing 8,9, and 10 carbon atoms and triethylene glycol monoesters of fatty acids containing 9 and 10 carbon atoms. Methyl pentaethylene glycol decanoate and methyl hexaethylene glycol dodecanoate were also effective wetting agents for hydrophobic soil. Nonionics with slightly longer oxy‐alkylene chains most effectively wet Draves skeins and peat moss. Diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol monodecyl ethers also effectively wet hydrophobic soil and peat moss.
Computer‐controlled potentiometric titration system for rapid determination of sulfuric and organo‐sulfonic acids in detergent intermediates
Authors: Yamaguchi S. , Kusuyama T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA potentiometric titration system controlled by a desk‐top computer is set up for process control analysis and applied to rapid determination of sulfuric and organo‐sulfonic acids in detergent intermediates. The computer takes the weight of sample from an automatic top‐loading electronic balance, stores it, controls stepwise additions of titrant, detects two end points, and finally prints out the acid contents in weight per cent. During the titration, the rate of titrant additions is adjusted to electrode response time by frequent monitoring of an electrode potential with the computer. Typical titration time is about 60–70 seconds per sample, and the precision of the determination was satisfactory.
The role of dedicated instrumentation in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Capone Antonio , Podda Daniele , Civinini Roberto , Gusso Marco Italo 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Tissue-sparing surgery is a surgical strategy aimed to reduce tissue damage in joint replacement. This can be achieved by reducing soft tissue trauma, performing minimally invasive access routes and limiting bone removal with implantation of conservative prostheses. In order to facilitate mini-approaches, special instrumentation was developed to avoid impingement of the soft tissues and provide an easier and more correct placement of the components. We performed an analysis of the literature and a research of the instrumentation available today, to evaluate the actual utility of dedicated tools.
Conductive hearing loss after head trauma: review of ossicular pathology, management and outcomes
Authors: Basson O J , van Lierop A C 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIntroduction:This paper reviews our experience of ossicular chain injuries following head trauma treated at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.Materials and methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with a history of head trauma and a conductive hearing loss who had undergone exploratory tympanotomy. Sixteen patients were included in the study.Results:Injury was most common at the incudostapedial joint (63 per cent). Disarticulations of the icudostapedial joint were treated with cartilage interposition in all cases. Audiography showed an improvement in 12 of the patients, with an average improvement of 35 dB.Discussion:We discuss the various options available to the otologist to repair ossicular disruptions after trauma. In this series, cartilage autografts were used in most incudostapedial joint injuries, with excellent closure of the air–bone gap.Conclusion:Cartilage interposition was a very successful method of repairing incudostapedial joint dislocation in this series, at short term follow up.
Successful treatment of intranasal papillomata with imiquimod cream in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient
Authors: Fernández-Casado A , Pujol R M , Amat M , Gallardo F 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives:To report a new, alternative treatment for nasal papillomata in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients with multiple recurrences after surgical removal.Case report:A human immunodeficiency virus positive patient presented with multiple, recurrent nasal papillomata which developed after repeated surgical removal procedures. In this patient, complete and persistent resolution of the lesions was achieved after topical treatment with imiquimod cream.Conclusion:Imiquimod is a class of non-nucleoside imidazoquinolinamines which promotes local cytokine release from antigen-presenting cells inducing a T-h1 dominant cell-mediated response against virus-infected cells. Topical imiquimod 5 per cent cream, applied for four to 16 weeks, may offer some benefit in the management of recurrent nasal papillomata in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients. Such treatment may be preferable to surgery or destructive therapeutic options when patients are unwilling or are poor surgical candidates, and also avoids potential surgical sequelae such as scar formation and stenosis.
Multiple oesophageal foreign bodies: the importance of two radiological views
Authors: Whelan-Johnson S , Hall C E J 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives:To demonstrate the importance of two radiological views in the assessment of oesophageal foreign bodies.Case report:The case of a child with multiple oesophageal foreign bodies appearing as a single object on an antero-posterior chest radiograph is used to illustrate the need for two radiological views in the assessment of such cases.Conclusions:Two radiological views are recommended in the assessment of oesophageal foreign bodies.
Quantum Hall-MHD equations for a non-uniform dense magnetoplasma with electron temperature anisotropy
Authors: SHUKLA P. K. , STENFLO L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNonlinear quantum Hall-MHD equations for a warm dense magnetoplasma with an anisotropic electron pressure are derived. The nonlinear equations include the quantum force associated with electron tunneling effects. The newly found equations can be used to investigate the dense plasma stability, as well as different types of waves, instabilities, and nonlinear structures in a warm dense magnetoplasma.
On embedding categories in groupoids
Authors: JOHNSTONE P. T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe provide a new, unified approach to the necessary and sufficient conditions found by Mal'cev (1939) and by Lambek (1951) for embeddability of a semigroup in a group, and also show that each provides a necessary and sufficient set of conditions for the embeddability of a category in a groupoid. We show that all such conditions, and more besides, may be derived in a uniform way from a particular class of directed graphs which we call quadrangle clubs, and we prove a number of results (extending those of Mal'cev, Lambek, Bush and Krstić) on which families of quadrangle clubs provide sufficient conditions for embeddability.
Representation of Radon shape diffusions via hyperspherical Brownian motion
Authors: PANARETOS VICTOR M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA framework is introduced for the study of general Radon shape diffusions, that is, shape diffusions induced by projections of randomly rotating shapes. This is done via a convenient representation of unoriented Radon shape diffusions in (unoriented) D.G. Kendall shape space$\widetilde{\Sigma}_n^k$through a Brownian motion on the hypersphere. This representation leads to a coordinate system for the generalized version of Radon diffusions since it is shown that shape can be essentially identified with unoriented shape in the projected case. A bijective correspondence between Brownian motion on real projective space and Radon shape diffusions is established. Furthermore, equations are derived for the general (unoriented) Radon diffusion of shape-and-size, and stationary measures are discussed.
Spread of a large plasmid carrying thecpegene and thetcplocus amongstClostridium perfringensisolates from nosocomial outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in a geriatric hospital
Authors: KOBAYASHI S. , WADA A. , SHIBASAKI S. , ANNAKA M. , HIGUCHI H. , ADACHI K. , MORI N. , ISHIKAWA T. , MASUDA Y. , WATANABE H. , YAMAMOTO N. , YAMAOKA S. , INAMATSU T. 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYTo investigate two clusters of diarrhoea cases observed in our geriatric hospital wards, the faecal specimens were analysed. Reversed passive latex agglutination assay revealed that 63·2% and 41·7% of the faecal specimens from each cluster were positive forClostridium perfringensenterotoxin. PCR assay revealed that 71·4% and 68·8% ofC. perfringensisolates from each cluster were positive for the enterotoxin gene (cpe). These observations suggested that both the clusters were outbreaks caused by enterotoxigenicC. perfringens. Subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the two outbreaks were caused by differentC. perfringensisolates. However, these outbreak isolates as well as other sporadic diarrhoea isolates shared a 75-kb plasmid on which thecpegene and thetcplocus were located. The 75-kb plasmid had horizontally spread to variousC. perfringensisolates and had caused outbreaks and sporadic infections. However, the site and time of the plasmid transfer are unclear.
Molecular evolutionary relationships of the octopodid genus Thaumeledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Strugnell J.M. , Collins M.A. , Allcock A.L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRecent trawling in the Southern Ocean has yielded individuals of a number of species of the deep sea octopod genus Thaumeledone. This paper provides the first molecular study of the genus, employing molecular sequences from five mitochondrial (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, COI, COIII, cytochrome oxidase b) and a single nuclear gene (rhodopsin) and includes representatives of each of the known Southern Ocean species. Thaumeledone rotunda, believed to be circumpolar in distribution and found in relatively deep water is the sister taxa to T. gunteri, known only from South Georgia. A notable level of sequence variability was evident between a T. peninsulae individual recently captured from the Powell Basin, and two T. peninsulae individuals captured from the continental slope, north of the South Shetland Islands. This is likely to represent population level intraspecific variation within this species.
Distribution of macrobenthic taxa across the Scotia Arc, Southern Ocean
Authors: Griffiths Huw J. , Linse Katrin , Barnes David K.A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn extremely dynamic chain of archipelagos links South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. It includes islands, which are large and small, old and young, near continental margins and isolated, and well sampled and poorly known. The current study sampled the macrobenthos of all the major archipelagos of this arc at shelf and slope depths using an Agassiz trawl. At least four samples (200 m, 500 m, 1000 m and 1500 m) were taken down-slope at Falkland Trough, Shag Rocks, South Georgia, South Thule, Powell Basin, Elephant Island, and Livingston Island sites and one sample was collected in the caldera of Deception Island. Despite the biogeographical and biodiversity importance of this region, this is the first time (by definition) entire standardized trawl samples have been analysed from all its archipelagos and at any consistent taxonomic level. We found 15 phyla and 29 classes of macro- and megafauna in total across the samples, many of which occurred at all sites. Even at remote and geologically young sites richness was high. Richness increased with abundance and wet mass and was highest in the shallow shelf samples and lowest at 1500 m. Abundance and wet mass varied more than two orders of magnitude, even within classes or study areas. There were strong similarities between the ascidian dominated shallow faunas of the two active volcanic sites, Southern Thule and Deception Island despite huge differences in isolation. There were also strong faunal similarities between Falkland Trough and Shag Rocks despite being on opposing sides of the Polar Front. In contrast two near neighbours with similarly soft substrata, Elephant and Livingston islands were amongst the most dissimilar.
Correlates of childhood obesity in Athens, Greece
Authors: Lagiou Areti , Parava Maria 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity is a growing public health problem. We have examined the association between sociodemographic profile and eating and physical activity patterns with overweight among primary-school students in Athens, Greece.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEleven primary schools in the greater Athens area, Greece.SubjectsA total of 633 children aged 10–12 years (50 % boys, 50 % girls) were interviewed in person during spring 2003. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between eating and physical activity patterns and overweight (≥85th sex- and age-specific BMI centile). Results are presented as odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals.ResultsOverweight was more common among girls than among boys (OR=1·73; 95% CI 1·11, 2·69) and substantially less common among children born outside Greece (OR=0·46; CI 0·22, 0·95). Reported physical activity (per 1·5 h per day) was unrelated to overweight (OR=0·97; CI 0·85, 1·12) but patent physical inactivity, operationalised as time spent watching television or working/playing with the computer (per 1·5 h per day) was a highly significant predictor of overweight (OR=1·20; CI 1·05, 1·36). Composition of diet was unrelated to overweight but the daily number of eating occasions, controlling for total energy intake, was significantly inversely associated with overweight (OR=0·61; CI 0·48, 0·76).ConclusionsThe principal factor underlying overweight among children in Athens appears to be the extended inactivity imposed by modern childhood lifestyles. An intriguing finding is that spreading a given energy intake over several eating occasions was inversely associated with the likelihood of childhood obesity.
Screening for psychological distress in two French cancer centers: Feasibility and performance of the adapted distress thermometer
Authors: Dolbeault Sylvie , Bredart Anne , Mignot Véronique , Hardy Patrick , Gauvain-Piquard Annie , Mandereau Laurence , Asselain Bernard , Medioni Jacques 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTObjective:Little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a screening procedure using the Psychological Distress Scale (PDS). The PDS is a French adaptation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer. The screening performance of the PDS was assessed by comparison with the established clinical case threshold on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Methods:Among 598 consecutive cancer outpatients recruited in two cancer centers in Paris, 561 (94%) agreed to complete the PDS, the HADS, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer core quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and study-specific psychosocial questions.Results:A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed, using a HADS cutoff score of 15 or greater to identify patients with psychological distress. This yielded a PDS cutoff score of 3, giving 76% sensitivity and 82% specificity. With this cutoff score, the prevalence of psychological distress was 38%. PDS scores were significantly related to scores from the HAD total scale (r = .64), HAD anxiety (r = .61) and HAD depression (r = .39) subscales, and EORTC QLQ-C30 emotional functioning (r = .56) and global health state (r = .44). In multivariate analyses, factors associated with psychological distress were female gender, taking analgesics, receiving professional psychological help, perceived psychosocial difficulties and lack of social support.Significance of results:Using the PDS appeared feasible, acceptable and effective for psychological distress screening in French ambulatory cancer care settings.
Automatic Time–Motion Study of a Multistep Preoperative Process
Authors: Meyer Mark A. , Seim Andreas R. , Fairbrother Pamela , Egan Marie T. , Sandberg Warren S. 
Published: May 2008

Background
Hospitals use time-motion studies to monitor process effectiveness and patient waiting. Manual tracking is labor-intensive and potentially influences system performance. New technology known as indoor positioning systems (IPS) may allow automatic monitoring of patient waiting and progress. The authors tested whether an IPS can track patients through a multistep preoperative process.

Methods
The authors used an IPS between October 14, 2005, and June 13, 2006, to track patients in a multistep ambulatory preoperative process: needle localization and excisional biopsy of a breast lesion. The process was distributed across the ambulatory surgery and radiology departments of a large academic hospital. Direct observation of the process was used to develop a workflow template. The authors then developed software to convert the IPS data into usable time-motion data suitable for monitoring process efficiency over time.

Results
The authors assigned tags to 306 patients during the study period. Eighty patients never underwent the procedure or never had their tag affixed. One hundred seventy-seven (78%) of the remaining 226 patients successfully matched the workflow template. Process time stamps were automatically extracted from the successful matches, measuring time before radiology (mean +/- SD, 77 +/- 35 min), time in radiology (105 +/- 35 min), and time between radiology and operating room (80 +/- 60 min), which summed to total preoperative time (261 +/- 67 min).

Conclusions
The authors have demonstrated that it is possible to use a combination of IPS technology and sequence alignment pattern matching software to automate the time-motion study of patients in a multidepartment, multistep process with the only day-of-surgery intervention being the application of a tag when the patient arrives.
Anesthetic Propofol Enhances Plasma γ-Tocopherol Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Cavalca Viviana , Colli Susanna , Veglia Fabrizio , Eligini Sonia , Zingaro Lorenzo , Squellerio Isabella , Rondello Nicola , Cighetti Giuliana , Tremoli Elena , Sisillo Erminio 
Published: May 2008

Background
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is an anesthetic drug with antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, documented both in vitro and in experimental models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and septic shock. These properties have been related to the similarity of its chemical structure to that of endogenous tocopherols, which are phenol-containing radical scavengers. This study evaluated the effects of propofol on alpha- and gamma-tocopherol (alpha- and gamma-T) levels and on selected markers of oxidant-antioxidant and inflammatory status in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned for anesthesia with either propofol (propofol group, n = 22) or sevoflurane (control group, n = 21). Plasma levels of alpha- and gamma-T, individual antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and interleukin 10 were measured before, during, and after anesthesia. In addition, levels of the proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 as a marker of cyclooxygenase-2 activity and those of interleukin 10 were measured in whole blood cultured with bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Results
Gamma-T levels increased significantly during surgery in propofol group (P < 0.0001 vs. control group). By contrast, alpha-T similarly decreased in both groups. Malondialdehyde and interleukin 10 increased markedly and individual antioxidant capacity decreased, without differences between groups. Prostaglandin E2 levels measured 24 h after anesthesia induction were significantly lower in the propofol than in the control group. In vitro studies highlighted the different capacity of gamma- and alpha-T to impair prostaglandin E2 synthesis by human monocytes challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Conclusions
The antiinflammatory properties of propofol that may be linked to its effect on gamma-T levels could be relevant in controlling the inflammatory response that accompanies tissue injury during reperfusion.
Nasal Ventilation Is More Effective than Combined Oral–Nasal Ventilation during Induction of General Anesthesia in Adult Subjects
Authors: Liang Yafen , Kimball William R. , Kacmarek Robert M. , Zapol Warren M. , Jiang Yandong 
Published: May 2008

Background
The authors hypothesized that nasal mask ventilation may be more effective than combined oral-nasal mask ventilation during induction of general anesthesia. They tested this hypothesis by comparing the volume of carbon dioxide removed per breath with nasal versus combined oral-nasal mask ventilation in nonparalyzed, apneic, adult subjects during induction of general anesthesia.

Methods
Fifteen adult subjects receiving general anesthesia were ventilated first with a combined oral-nasal mask and then with only a nasal mask. The patient's head was maintained in a neutral position, without head extension or lower jaw thrust. Respiratory parameters were recorded simultaneously from both the nasal and oral masks regardless of ventilation approach.

Results
The volume of carbon dioxide removed per breath during nasal mask ventilation (median, 5.0 ml; interquartile range, 3.4-8.8 ml) was significantly larger than that during combined oral-nasal mask ventilation (median, 0.0 ml; interquartile range, 0.0-0.4 ml; P = 0.001); even the peak inspiratory airway pressure during nasal ventilation (16.7 +/- 2.7 cm H2O) was lower than that during combined oral-nasal ventilation (24.5 +/- 4.7 cm H2O; P = 0.002). The expiratory tidal volume during nasal ventilation (259.8 +/- 134.2 ml) was also larger than that during combined oral-nasal ventilation (98.9 +/- 103.4 ml; P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Nasal mask ventilation was more effective than combined oral-nasal mask ventilation in apneic, nonparalyzed, adult subjects during induction of general anesthesia. The authors suggest that nasal mask ventilation, rather than full facemask ventilation, be considered during induction of anesthesia.
Report of a workshop on malignant lymphoma: a review of molecular and clinical risk profiling
Authors: Gleissner B. , Küppers R. , Siebert R. , Glass B. , Trümper L. , Hiddemann W. , Dreyling M. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryMolecular genetic analysis adds important information for lymphoma biology and classification, but the latter is challenged by recent improvement of combined chemo‐immunotherapy. In aggressive lymphoma, molecular profiling identifies risk groups with certain genetic background but still the International Prognostic Index (IPI) remains the most important clinically applicable predictor of outcome. In follicular lymphoma (FL), the importance of the meshwork of bystander cells becomes increasingly evident. As combined immuno‐chemotherapy improved the prognosis of the patients, several clinical trials indicated that the FLIPI still efficiently discriminates patients at risk for transformation and relapse, although several mechanisms of transformation seem to exist. In mantle cell lymphoma it has been proven that pathogenesis and prognosis mainly depend on deregulation of the cell cycle. A reliable clinical risk score could be established.