bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Chemical Properties in Aqueous Solutions of Glucosyl Alkylbenzenes
Authors: Tokiwa Fumikatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface tension in aqueous solutions of glucosyl alkylbenzenes having various alkyl chain-lengths has been measured. The surface tension vs. concentration relation of these compounds obeys Szyszkowski’s equation in a relatively wide range of concentrations. For these compounds the free energy, ΔG°, of adsorption was calculated; ΔG° changes by 650–700 cal./mol. for each CH2 added to the alkyl chain, except in the case of going from glucosyl methylbenzene to glucosyl ethylbenzene. The adsorbed monolayer obeys an equation of state of the form Π(A–AO=xkT at relatively high pressures, where AO is independent of alkyl chain-length in the present experiment. Contrary to expectation, the value of x, which is governed by the attractive force between hydrophobic portions, is not influenced by the alkyl chainlengths; the benzene ring in the hydrophobic portion seems to play an important role in this attraction between the hydrophobic portions.
The Effect of Sodium Triphosphate on the Nucleation of Strontium Sulfate
Authors: Naono Hiromitu , Miura Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nucleation from supersaturated solutions of strontium sulfate containing various amounts of triphosphate has been investigated by means of light scattering and nucleation kinetics. The nucleation rate is remarkably reduced by the increase in the concentration of triphosphate and may be represented by an empirical expression, J=Kc−95. Light-scattering measurements have confirmed that practically no nucleation occurs in the supersaturated solution stabilized in the presence of triphosphate.
Estimation of Anharmonic Potential Constants. I. Linear XY2 Molecules
Authors: Kuchitsu Kozo , Morino Yonezo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of a normal-coordinate analysis of a series expansion of the anharmonic potential field, a set of general expressions has been derived for a linear XY2 molecule for relating the cubic and quartic potential constants (k) to the coefficients (f) of the potential function expanded in terms of the internal coordinates. The constants k and f for CO2 and CS2 have been calculated by using the observed values of α and x taken from the literature, and the physical significance of the dependence of k on f has been studied.
The anharmonic constants related to the C-O(C-S) bond-stretching vibrations are represented as functions of the parameters of anharmonicity, a3 and a4, which are shown to be transferable from the CO(CS) diatomic molecule. Most of the k, α, and x values for CO2 and CS2 can be predicted quantitatively by assuming a simple potential function, comprised of ordinary quadratic terms and the anharmonic terms for the bond-stretching vibrations mentioned above, with all other higher-order potential terms ignored.
A number of methods for estimating the parameters a3 and a4, and a general rule regarding their relative magnitudes, have been discussed. The k, α, and x values of the linear radicals, NH2, ND2, and BO2, may be predicted in the present scheme by making simple assumptions about their potential constants.
Current-Voltage Characteristics in Phenanthrene Single Crystals
Authors: Matsumoto Shoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The obtained current-voltage characteristics of phenanthrene single crystals exhibited three distinct types of behavior: (1) at low voltages, up to 2×104 V.per cm., the dependence of the current on the voltage obeyed Ohms’ law, (2) at intermediate voltages, the current increased with the square of the voltage, and (3) at higher voltages, over 5×104 V.per cm., the current rose steeply with the voltage. These results have been analyzed as space-charge-limited currents phenomena, and a value of 1.2×106 cm−2 has been obtained as the concentration of the bulk-free carriers from the transition voltage between the ohmic region and the square-law behavior. The resistivity calculated by applying this value is in good agreement with the resistivity observed for the ohmic region of current-voltage characteristics.
The trap density of 1.1×1014cm−3 has been evaluated from the voltage where the current rose steeply. Although this value seems to be rather low for an organic solid, it is comparable to the trap densities for organic molecular crystals ever obtained.
The Synthesis of Deoxyaspergillic Acid and Tetrahydrodeoxyaspergillic Acid
Authors: Chigira Yasuhiro , Masaki Mitsuo , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Deoxyaspergillic acid (I) and tetrahydrodeoxyaspergillic acid (II) were synthesized. 1-Chloro-3-methyl-2-pentanone was directly oximinated with hydroxylamine, and then the oxime was treated with l-leucine ethyl ester to yield N-(3-methyl-2-oximinopentyl)-l-leucine ethyl ester (III), which, on alkali-hydrolysis, followed by acid-hydrolysis, gave N-(3-methyl-2-oxopentyl)-l-leucine (IV). The treatment of the methyl ester of IV with ammonia gave I, and the hydrogenation of III on Raney nickel gave II.
The Phosphorylation of Alcohols by the Reaction of Monobromocyano-acetamide with Monobenzyl Phosphite or Inorganic Phosphorous Acid
Authors: Obata Teisuke , Ueki Masaaki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper describes a successful method of preparing monoalkyl phosphates by the reaction of monobromocyanoacetamide with monobenzyl phosphite or inorganic phosphorous acid in the presence of alcohols. When equimolar amounts of monobromocyanoacetamide and either of the above-mentioned phosphorus compounds in alcohols were heated at about 100°C, the corresponding monoalkyl dihydrogen phosphates were obtained as anilinium salts in fairly good yields, together with cyanoacetamide and benzyl bromide or hydrogen bromide. The reaction can be interpreted in terms of a mechanism in which the initially-formed enol-phosphonium salts of cyanoacel amide are easily transformed to the second phosphonium salts by the action of the alcohols present from the salts, alkyl dihydrogen phosphates are produced.
The Pyrolysis and Thermochromism of the Crystalline Powder of Dianthraquinone
Authors: Kuroda Haruo , Sudo Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystalline powder of dianthraquinone changes its color from yellow to green when it is heated above 250°C. A heat-treated powder of a green color exhibits an ESR absorption, the line width of which is about 7 gauss, and the g-value, 2.0032. The intensity of the ESR absorption was studied as a function of the temperature of heat-treatment and the heating time. The activation energy for the formation of the paramagnetic species is estimated to be 74 kcal./mol. The X-ray diffraction patterns of heat-treated specimens indicate that a marked disorder is produced in the crystal structure by the heat treatment and that, finally, the dianthraquinone crystal becomes an amorphous solid. A close correlation can be found between the intensity of ESR absorption and the structural change. Polymerization occurs at higher temperatures and results in the formation of a dark green solid insoluble in organic solvents. It is suggested that the initial process of these thermal changes is associated with the thermochromism of dianthraquinone.
Reactions of 2-Chlorocycloalkanone Oximes. I. Their Preparations and Conversion to 2-Alkoxy-, 2-Acyloxy- and 2-Alkylthiocycloalkanone Oximes
Authors: Ohno Masaji , Naruse Norio , Torimitsu Seiichi , Okamoto Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preparation of 2-chlorocycloalkanone oximes has been investigated in detail. 2-Chlorocyclooctanone oxime is prepared in an excellent yield by the reaction of cyclooctene with nitrosyl chloride under the irradiation of light from a high-pressure mercury lamp. 2-Chlorocyclododecadienone oxime, 2-chlorocyclohexanone oxime and 3-chloronorcamphor oxime are prepared in good yields by the addition of nitrosyl chloride to cis, trans, trans-1, 5, 9-cyclododecatriene, cyclohexene and norbornene respectively in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Their displacement reactions with such nucleophilic reagents as sodium alkoxides, sodium ethanethiolate and sodium salts of carboxylicacids have been studied, and the syntheses of 2-alkoxy-, 2-ethylthio- and 2-acyloxy-cycloalkanone oximes have been successfully achieved.
Reactions of 2-Chlorocycloalkanone Oximes. III. Displacement Reactions with Various Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: Ohno Masaji , Torimitsu Seiichi , Naruse Norio , Okamoto Masaru , Sakai Ikuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The displacement reactions of 2-chlorocycloalkanone oximes with various nucleophilic reagents, such as ammonia, primary and secondary amines, silver and sodium nitrite, sodium azide, Grignard reagents, and carbanions derived from acetylacetone and ethyl malonate, have been investigated. α-Alkylamino, α-nitro, α-azido, and α-alkyloximes of the 8- and 12-membered rings have been prepared in excellent yields, and those of the 6-membered ring, in moderate yields. It has been shown that 2-chlorocyclohexanone oxime hydrochloride can be treated directly with a large excess of the nucleophilic reagents. 2-Chlorocyclooctanone oxime was used in the free state, and 2-chloro-5, 9-cyclododecadienone oxime was first treated with nucleophilic reagents; the resulting α-substituted oximes of the 12-membered ring were hydrogenated to the corresponding saturated oximes with palladium charcoal. These reactions have shown that α-chlorocyclo-alkanone oximes have a potential synthetic utility.
The Mean Amplitudes and Atomic Scattering Factors of Boron Tribromide
Authors: Konaka Shigehiro , Ito Tetsuzo , Morino Yonezo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mean amplitudes and the interatomic distances of BBr3 have been determined by the sector-microphotometer method of gas electron diffraction. The B–Br and Br–Br distances (rg) have been found to be 1.8932±0.0054 Å and 3.2830±0.0053 Å respectively. The values of the mean amplitudes are dependent on the atomic scattering factors used in the analysis. The complex scattering factors for B and Br, as calculated on the basis of the Hartree-Fock potential, have given mean amplitudes which are consistent with the vibrational frequencies observed by spectroscopy, while the mean amplitudes derived from the use of other scattering factors are less reasonable. It has been shown that the Hartree-Fock function for the Br atom is a better representation of the atomic potential function than the Thomas-Fermi function. The utility of the method of gas electron diffraction for the study of atomic scattering factors and atomic potential functions in some favorable cases has been pointed out.
The Thermal Treatment of Dibenzanthronyls
Authors: Nagai Yoshio , Nagasawa Kotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ring closure of 3, 3′-dibenzanthronyl to form dibenzanthrone was previously effected by means of homogeneous melting at 430°C in an open vessel or in vacuo (Y. Nagai et al., J. Chem. Soc. Japan, Ind. Chem. Sect. (Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi), 67, 1977 (1964)). In this report, the thermal treatment of 3, 3′-dibenzanthronyl and its isomers, 3, 4′- and 4, 4′-dibenzanthronyls, in a closed vessel is described. The reaction was carried out in the following way: a glass tube was filled with finely-powdered dibenzanthronyl. The tube was then placed in a stainless-steel bomb and heated to 425–435°C for 25 min. Thus, 3, 3′- or 4, 4′-dibenzanthronyl yielded dibenzanthrone and dibenzanthrene, along with a putative secondary thermal reaction product in the form of a black powder; the nature of this briefly discussed. Similarly, 3, 4′-dibenzanthronyl was converted to isodibenzanthrone and isodibenzanthrene, together with a black powder.
The Vibrational Assignment and Rotational Isomerism of 1,2-Dithiamethyl Ethane
Authors: Hayashi Michiro , Shiro Yuji , Oshima Toshiyuki , Murata Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of 1,2-dithiamethyl ethane have been measured in gaseous, liquid and solid states. Vibrational assignments have been made in relation to the rotational isomerism. The normal vibration calculation has been carried out in a modified Urey-Bradley force field. In the gaseous and liquid states, GTG′ and GGG molecular forms exist, while in the solid state the GTG′ form alone persists. The energy difference between GTG′ and GGG molecular forms has been found to be 1.1 kcal./mol. in the gaseous state and very small in the liquid state. The GTG′ form is more stable than the GGG form, in both the gaseous and liquid states.
The Solution Behavior of Polystyrene Derivatives: Poly-p-methoxystyrene
Authors: Kotera Akira , Suzuki Keizo , Saito Takahide , Matsuda Hideomi , Kamata Toshio , Hashino Yoshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solution behavior of poly-p-methoxystyrene in toluene and butanone was measured by light-scattering and viscosity methods, and the results were compared with those of polystyrene and poly-p-chlorostyrene in order to discuss the mutual interactions between the solvent and the substituent on the phenyl group. The results show that toluene is a good solvent and butanone a poor one for poly-p-methoxystyrene; these relationships between poly-p-methoxystyrene and solvents are inverse to those for poly-p-chlorostyrene and similar to those for polystyrene, although the extensions of poly-p-chlorostyrene and poly-p-methoxystyrene are much larger than that of polystyrene at the same degree of polymerization because of the strong mutual interaction between, the solvent and the substituent on the phenyl group. It is clear, from the application of Kurata-Stockmayer theory to the experimental results obtained for poly-p-methoxystyrene, that the unperturbed dimension of poly-p-methoxystyrene is larger than that of polystyrene; this result may be interpreted as being due to an increase in the volume of the chain element of the polymer molecule.
Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structures of α- and β-Nitronaphthalenes and 1,8-Dinitronaphthalene
Authors: Kojima Maomi , Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption spectra of α-, β-nitronaphthalenes and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene were measured in the near and vacuum ultraviolet regions. The peak wavelengths are as follows: α-nitro-naphthalene, 213, 243 and 326.5 mμ; β-nitronaphthalene, 210.5, 259.5, 303 and 342 mμ; 1,8-dinitronaphthalene, 199.5, 229.5 and 303 mμ. The transition energies and oscillator strengths were calculated with these three molecules by considering the configurational interaction among the ground, locally-excited and charge-transfer configurations. By combining the theoretical results with the observed peak wavelengths and the oscillator strengths, the nature of the electronic excitations corresponding to the observed absorption bands was clarified. Concerning 1,8-dinitro-naphthalene, the twisting angle between the nitro groups and the naphthalene ring was estimated to be 60–70° by comparing the observed peak wavelengths and intensities with the calculated values. The effect of solvents on the absorption spectrum of 1,8-dinitronaphthalene was found to be explained by the energy change in the charge-transfer configurations caused by the polarity of solvents. By considering the contribution of the charge-transfer configurations in the ground state, the increment in the dipole moment due to the delocalization of π-electrons was estimated for α- and β-nitronaphthalenes and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene. The estimated dipole moment could explain the fact that the observed dipole moment of β-nitronaphthalene is greater than that of α-nitronaphthalene.
Vinyl-substituted Polysilanes
Authors: Sakurai Hideki , Tominaga Kenji , Kumada Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1-Vinylheptamethyltrisilane, 2-vinylheptamethyltrisilane and vinylpentamethyldisilane have been prepared from the corresponding chlorosilanes and vinylmagnesium chloride. In these compounds, intense absorption maxima were observed in the ultraviolet region, and both the λmax and ε increased with an increase in the chain length. Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared data are also recorded here. Free radical copolymerizations were carried out with styrene and with acrylonitrile, and the monomer reactivity ratios of vinylpentamethyldisilane and 2-vinylheptamethyltrisilane were determined. It has been concluded that the 3d orbital resonance is not important for the stabilization of an odd electron adjacent to the silicon atom in the free radical intermediate in copolymerization in spite of spectral and chemical evidence of enhanced conjugation between the vinyl group and the polysilanyl group.
The Oligomerization of Butadiene with Iron Complex Catalysts. II. The Effects of Additives
Authors: Hidai Masanobu , Tamai Katsumi , Uchida Yasuzo , Misono Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the oligomerization of butadiene with the catalyst composed of iron(III) acetylacetonate and triethylaluminum, the degree of digomerization and the structures of the oligomers were strongly affected by the addition of an electron donor as a catalyst component. When triphenylphosphine was added, linear dimers composed of 3-methylhepta-1, 4, 6-triene and n-octa-1, 3, 6-triene were formed, while the addition of 2, 2′-dipyridyl produced cyclic dimers composed of cycloocta-1, 5-diene and 4-vinylcyclohex-1-ene. Besides the above donors, triphenylphosphite, tri(o-tolyl)-phosphite, tri(p-tolyl)phosphite, phosphorus trichloride, triethylamine and pyridine as monodentate, and o-phenanthroline, 2(2′-pyridyl)imidazoline and oxine as bidentate ligands, were tried, and the effects of those donors upon the reaction were studied. The transition states in these catalyst systems were also considered by means of studies of the effects of the molar ratio of catalyst components and by the measurements of infrared, ESR and visible light absorption spectra or magnetic susceptibilities of the reaction solutions.
The Electronic Structures of Hydrides, Halides and Alkyl Compounds of Boron and Aluminum. II. Dimers
Authors: Kato Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Kaichiro , Yonezawa Teijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic structures of dimers containing boron and aluminum atoms, i. e., B2H6, B2H2-(CH3)4, Al2Cl6, Al2Cl2(CH3)4 and Al2(CH3)6, are investigated by an extended Huckel method. The calculations show that the central linkages are weak and that their bonding natures are very different from those of the bonds between the metals and terminal atoms. Judging from the orbital energies and populations, these dimers still hold a strong acidity, like that in the monomers, an acidity which depends mainly on the existence of the almost unfilled pπ orbitals of the metal atoms, where the electrons occupying the lower vacant orbitals in these dimers are almost localized. The results are compared with other calculations and experimental results. It is, further, shown by examining the electronic structures of two hypothetical compounds that these dimers can be easily formed by using the vacant valence orbitals of the metal atoms, and that the metal-metal bonds in some dimers are considerably strong.
On the Carbon-13 Chemical Shifts of Saturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Yonezawa Teijiro , Morishima Isao , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A molecular orbital interpretation of the carbon-13 chemical shifts of saturated hydrocarbons is presented. The shielding constant of the carbon atom is shown to be roughly proportional to the excess charge densities of 2p electrons, which is in accordance with experiments. The so-called β- and γ-effects in the carbon-13 chemical shifts are explained on the basis of an MO theory.
Vibrational Frequencies and Normal Coordinates: Their Relationship to Force Constants and Inertial Coefficients
Authors: Miyazawa Tatsuo , Overend John 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Small variations in the G and F matrices can be related linearly to variations in the calculated frequencies and normal coordinates through a transformation matrix, J. Explicit expressions are given for the elements of J and J−1. Isotope effects on normal-coordinate coefficients are also treated.
The Effect of Oxygen on the Semiconductivity of Quaterrylene
Authors: Maruyama Yusei , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of an evaporated film of quaterrylene varied with the pressure of the ambient oxygen. The resistivity was 1.1×1012 Ωcm. in a vacuum of 4×10−8 mmHg; this was very large compared with the previously-reported value, ∼106Ωcm., which was obtained after exposing the film to the air of an atmospheric pressure. The temperature dependence of the resistance of the film was also affected by the ambient oxygen. The intrinsic semiconductor model could be applied only in the case of a high vacuum (∼10−8 mmHg); the band gap, Δε, was 1.7 eV. in this case. From the resistance-temperature relations at the various oxygen pressures, it seems that two acceptor levels, 0.03 eV. and 0.6 eV. above the valence band respectively, exist.
A Study of the Pyrolysis of Toluene Using 14C as a Tracer
Authors: Takeuchi Toyosaburo , Sakaguchi Masakazu , Togashi Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The pyrolysis of toluene-1-14C was carried out by means of the semi-flow method at 800 and at 1000°C in the presence of the registers of porcelain, and the distributions of the radioactive carbon in gaseous products and that of the deposited carbon were determined. The molar c.p.m. of methane and that of a mixture of C2-compounds were about 1/20 of and twice the molar c.p.m. of the original toluene respectively, while the c.p.m. per gram-atom of the deposited carbon was about twice that of toluene, when the temperature of reaction was 800°C. In the case of the reaction at 1000°C, the c.p.m. per gram-atom of carbon of each product was found to be practically equal to that of the original toluene. It was proposed that methane is formed by the removal of the methyl group of toluene, and that the main source of the carbon of C2-compounds and the deposited carbon is the 1-carbon of toluene. The equalization of the radioactive carbon in every product at a high temperature was interpreted by assuming that the tropyl radical is formed as an intermediate after the formation of the phenyl radical in the initial stage of the reaction.
Studies of the Organic Reaction of Metal Carbonyl. VIII. The Isomerization of Aliphatic C5- and C6-Acylcobalt Carbonyls
Authors: Takegami Yoshinobu , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Masada Hiromitsu , Okuda Yasukazu , Kubo Keiji , Yokokawa Chikao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The isomerization of C5-acyl(n-valeryl- and α-methylbutyryl-) and C6-acyl(n-caproyl-, α-methylvaleryl- and α-ethylbutyryl-) cobalt carbonyls has been studied and compared with that of C4- acyl(n- and isobutyryl-) cobalt carbonyls previously reported. It has been observed that solvents have great effects on the isomerization (the rate and equilibrium) of the C5-acylcobalt carbonyls. The equilibrium proportion of the isomers (iso/normal) is almost 1 in diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. In solvents such as dioxane, ethyl acetate and benzene it seems difficult for this isomerization to occur. α-Ethylbutyrylcobalt carbonyl appears to isomerize directly to n-caproylcobalt carbonyl. However, n-caproylcobalt carbonyl isomerizes only to α-methylvaleryl-cobalt carbonyl; the reverse isomerization also occurs, but it seems very difficult for any other isomerization between the two of them to occur.
Synthetic Studies starting from β-Cyanopropionaldehyde. III. The Synthesis of β-Cyanoacrolein
Authors: Motoki Shinichi , Satsumabayashi Sadayoshi , Masuda Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
β-Cyanopropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal was brominated in the presence of calcium carbonate to give α-bromo-β-cyanopropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal. This was then dehydro-brominated with 10% alcoholic potash at −5 to 0°C, β-cyanoacrolein dimethyl acetal was thus obtained in a high yield. Free aldehyde of a light green liquid was given by the hydrolysis of the acetal. A similar procedure using α-chloro-β-cyanopropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal was also examined. On the other hand, β-cyanoacrolein was prepared by the direct dehydro-genation of β-cyanopropionaldehyde with selenium dioxide.