bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and correlates of physical activity: a cross-sectional study in urban Chinese women
Authors: Jurj Adriana L , Wen Wanqing , Gao Yu-Tang , Matthews Charles E , Yang Gong , Li Hong-Lan , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundInactivity is a modifiable risk factor for many diseases. Rapid economic development in China has been associated with changes in lifestyle, including physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns and correlates of physical activity in middle-aged and elderly women from urban Shanghai.MethodsStudy population consisted of 74,942 Chinese women, 40–70 years of age, participating in the baseline survey of the Shanghai Women's Health Study (1997–2000), an ongoing population-based cohort study. A validated, interviewer-administered physical activity questionnaire was used to collect information about several physical activity domains (exercise/sports, walking and cycling for transportation, housework). Correlations between physical activity domains were evaluated by Spearman rank-correlation coefficients. Associations between physical activity and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were evaluated by odds ratios derived from logistic regression.ResultsWhile more than a third of study participants engaged in regular exercise, this form of activity contributed only about 10% to daily non-occupational energy expenditure. About two-thirds of women met current recommendations for lifestyle activity. Age was positively associated with participation in exercise/sports and housework. Dietary energy intake was positively associated with all physical activity domains. High socioeconomic status, unemployment (including retirement), history of chronic disease, small household, non-smoking status, alcohol and tea consumption, and ginseng intake were all positively associated with exercise participation. High socioeconomic status and small household were inversely associated with non-exercise activities.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that physical activity domains other than sports and exercise are important contributors to total energy expenditure in women. Correlates of physical activity are domain-specific. These findings provide important information for research on the health benefits of physical activity and have public health implications for designing interventions to promote participation in physical activity.
Proteomic analyses of retina of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 deficient mice
Authors: Okumichi Hideaki , Kanamoto Takashi , Souchelnytskyi Nazariy , Tanimoto Seiji , Tanaka Kohichi , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a glutamate transporter found in neuronal tissues and is extensively expressed in the retina. EAAC1 plays a role in a variety of neural functions, but its biological functions in the retina has not been fully determined. The purpose of this study was to identify proteins regulated by EAAC1 in the retina of mice. To accomplish this, we used a proteomics-based approach to identify proteins that are up- or down-regulated in EAAC1-deficient (EAAC1-/-) mice.

Results
Proteomic analyses and two-dimensional gel electorphoresis were performed on the retina of EAAC1-/- mice, and the results were compared to that of wild type mice. The protein spots showing significant differences were selected for identification by mass spectrometric analyses. Thirteen proteins were differentially expressed; nine proteins were up-regulated and five proteins were down-regulated in EAAC1-/- retina. Functional clustering showed that identified proteins are involved in various cellular process, e.g. cell cycle, cell death, transport and metabolism.

Conclusion
We identified thirteen proteins whose expression is changed in EAAC-/- mice retinas. These proteins are known to regulate cell proliferation, death, transport, metabolism, cell organization and extracellular matrix.
Coexistence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and colorectal adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Efstathios Papalambros , Athanasios Petrou , Papaconstantinou Ioannis , Alexandros Papalambros , Frangisca Sigala , Sotirios Georgopoulos , Evangelos Felekouras , Athanasios Giannopoulos 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. Over the last ten years the management of GISTs has dramatically altered but their coexistence with other gasrointesinal tumors of different histogenesis presents a special interest. The coexistence of GISTs with other primaries is usually discovered incidentally during GI surgery for carcinomas.

Case presentation
We present here, a case of a 66-year-old patient with intestinal GIST and a synchronous colorectal adenocarcinoma discovered incidentally during surgical treatment of the recurrent GIST. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the concurrence of histologically proved GIST (strongly positive staining for c-kit, vimentin, SMA, and focal positive in S-100, while CD-34 was negative) and Dukes Stage C, (T3, N3, M0 according the TNM staging classification of colorectal cancer).

Conclusion
The coexistence of GIST with either synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer represents a phenomenon with increasing number of relative reports in the literature the last 5 years. In any case of GIST the surgeon should be alert to recognize a possible coexistent tumor with different histological origin and to perform a thorough preoperative and intraoperative control. The correct diagnosis before and at the time of the surgical procedure is the cornerstone that secures the patients' best prognosis.
Circulating Bmi-1 mRNA as a possible prognostic factor for advanced breast cancer patients
Authors: Silva Javier , García Vanesa , García José M , Peña Cristina , Domínguez Gemma , Díaz Raquel , Lorenzo Yolanda , Hurtado Alicia , Sánchez Antonio , Bonilla Félix 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Deregulation of Polycomb member Bmi-1 is involved in cell proliferation and human oncogenesis. Modulation of Bmi-1 is found in several tumor tissues, including primary breast carcinomas; however, analysis of Bmi-1 in plasma of cancer patients has not been reported. This is the first study that evaluates Bmi-1 in plasma by using a large series of primary breast carcinomas to investigate the presence at diagnosis of detectable Bmi-1 mRNA in plasma and possible correlations between this event and a series of clinical-pathological parameters of the tumors.

Methods
Bmi-1 expression levels were quantified in plasma of 111 breast cancer patients and in 20 healthy controls by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Cancer patients with the presence of Bmi-1 mRNA in plasma had higher levels of Bmi-1 expression than healthy controls with Bmi-1 mRNA in plasma. The higher expression levels of Bmi-1 correlated with well-established markers of poor clinical outcome in breast cancer such as positive p53 immunostaining and negative progesterone receptors. Moreover, we described for the first time a statistically significant correlation between Bmi-1 expression in plasma of breast cancer patients and disease-free and overall survival in advanced stages.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that levels of Bmi-1 expression may be a surrogate marker of poor prognosis and may become clinically useful as noninvasive diagnostic markers.
LPA3 receptor mediates chemotaxis of immature murine dendritic cells to unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)
Authors: Chan Liana C , Peters Wendy , Xu Yan , Chun Jerold , Farese Robert V , Cases Sylvaine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIncreasing evidence supports roles for lipids in the biology of immune cells. In particular, bioactive lipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) bind to cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and modulate leukocyte trafficking and homeostasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) represents a family of bioactive lipids, which differ in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain. LPA is structurally related to S1P and exerts cellular effects by binding to five known GPCRs (LPA1–5). Its function in the immune system is less clear, although it was shown to induce chemotaxis of human dendritic cells (DCs) and activated T cells. In this study, we show that LPA can induce chemotaxis of immature but not mature mouse DCs and that only unsaturated and not saturated LPA species are efficient chemoattractants. However, both LPA species do not alter DC maturation or chemotaxis to other chemokines. The loss of DC migration capability correlated with the down-regulation of expression of the receptors LPA3 and LPA5, and expression of LPA1, LPA2, and LPA4 did not change. A LPA3 antagonist reduced immature DC migration to LPA by 70%, suggesting that LPA3 mediates immature DC chemotaxis to unsaturated species of LPA. Furthermore, isolated, immature DCs from mice lacking LPA3 exhibited a 50% reduction in migration to LPA. In summary, our results indicate that immature mouse DCs migrate preferentially in response to unsaturated LPA and that LPA3 is important in this response.
Apoptosis triggered by phagocytosis-related oxidative stress through FLIPS down-regulation and JNK activation
Authors: Kanayama Atsuhiro , Miyamoto Yusei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated neutrophils phagocytose and eliminate bacteria by using such oxidants as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is produced from H2O2 by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Thereafter, neutrophils eventually undergo apoptosis to prevent excessive inflammation. However, it is unclear how this process is regulated. Here, we show that cotreatment of TNF-α-resistant neutrophilic HL-60 cells with taurine chloramine (TauCl), a detoxified form of HOCl, and TNF-α renders them susceptible to apoptosis, mostly by preventing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Of several NF-κB target genes tested, FLICE inhibitory protein short form (FLIPS) was specifically down-regulated by TauCl. TNF-α/TauCl cotreatment-induced apoptosis was largely blocked by stable expression of FLIPS. Cotreatment with TNF-α and H2O2 promoted apoptotic signaling via MPO activation and subsequent attenuation of FLIPS expression. TNF-α priming with H2O2 or bacteria caused MPO-dependent apoptosis in human neutrophils. However, FLIPS knock-down by siRNA did not affect the viability of cells treated with TNF-α, implying that TauCl may affect another pathway in TNF-α-driven apoptosis. Indeed, oxidization of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) by TauCl induced the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thereby triggering TNF-α-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the antiapoptotic signaling induced by TNF-α via NF-κB activation can be altered to promote apoptosis via H2O2-MPO-mediated FLIPS down-regulation and JNK activation.
Novel interferon-β-induced gene expression in peripheral blood cells
Authors: Rani M R Sandhya , Shrock Jennifer , Appachi Swathi , Rudick Richard A , Williams Bryan R G , Ransohoff Richard M 
Published: August 2007

AbstractType I IFNs are used for treating viral, neoplastic, and inflammatory disorders. The protein products encoded by IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) likely mediate clinical effects of IFN in patients. Macroarray assays, used for studying ISG induction in IFN-treated patients, comprise genes identified predominantly through analysis of long-term cell lines. To discover genes induced selectively by IFN-β in PBMC, we exposed whole blood to physiological concentrations of IFN-β. PBMC were prepared, and RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed, and hybridized to cDNA microarrays, and microarray analysis identified 39 ISGs and 20 IFN-repressed genes (IRGs). Thirty-three ISGs were known previously, and six ISGs were novel. New ISGs included GTP cyclohydrolase 1; hypothetical protein LOC129607; hypothetical protein FLJ38348; leucine aminopeptidase 3; squalene epoxidase; and GTP-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle. Twenty IRGs included IL-1β and CXCL8, which had been identified earlier. CXCL1 was a novel IRG identified in the current study. PCR analysis demonstrated the regulation of six novel ISGs and CXCL1 as an IRG in PBMC and astrocytoma cells. Results were validated using RNA obtained ex vivo from blood of patients after injection with IFN-β. Identification of new ISGs and IRGs in primary PBMC will enhance macroarray assays for monitoring IFN responsiveness.
Chemokine and cytokine processing by matrix metalloproteinases and its effect on leukocyte migration and inflammation
Authors: Van Lint Philippe , Libert Claude 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was originally believed to be restricted to degradation of the extracellular matrix; however, in recent years, it has become evident that these proteases can modify many nonmatrix substrates, such as cytokines and chemokines. The use of MMP-deficient animals has revealed that these proteases can indeed influence the progression of various inflammatory processes. This review aims to provide the reader with a concise overview of these novel MMP functions in relation to leukocyte migration.
Treatment-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Patients Treated With Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Czuczman Myron S. , Emmanouilides Christos , Darif Mohamed , Witzig Thomas E. , Gordon Leo I. , Revell Stephen , Vo Katie , Molina Arturo 
Published: August 2007

Purpose To investigate the incidence of treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) after treatment with ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy. Patients and Methods Analysis of the incidence of t-MDS and t-AML in 746 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen in registration and compassionate-use trials between 1996 and 2002. Results Nineteen patients (2.5%) developed t-MDS or t-AML at a median follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 0 to 9.3). These malignancies were diagnosed at a median of 5.6 years (range, 1.4 to 13.9) after the diagnosis of NHL and 1.9 years (range, 0.4 to 6.3) after radioimmunotherapy. The annualized rates were 0.3% per year after the diagnosis of NHL and 0.7% per year after treatment. Most patients with t-MDS or t-AML had multiple cytogenetic aberrations, commonly on chromosomes 5 and 7, suggesting an association with previous exposure to chemotherapy. Conclusion Analysis of data from patients in registration and compassionate-use trials suggests that the annualized incidences of t-MDS and t-AML are consistent with that expected in patients with NHL who have had extensive previous chemotherapy treatment and do not appear to be increased after treatment with the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen. Cytogenetic testing before treatment with radioimmunotherapy may identify existing chromosomal abnormalities in previously treated patients, particularly those who have been treated with alkylating agents and purine nucleoside analogs and would be at higher risk for t-MDS or t-AML.
Phase II Trial of Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Musuraca Gerardo , Tani Monica , Stefoni Vittorio , Marchi Enrica , Fina Mariapaola , Pellegrini Cinzia , Alinari Lapo , Derenzini Enrico , de Vivo Antonio , Sabattini Elena , Pileri Stefano , Baccarani Michele 
Published: August 2007

Purpose To determine the antitumor activity of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCLU) with isolated skin involvement. Patients and Methods From May 2005 to June 2006 at our institute, we treated patients with previously pretreated CTCL or PTCLU using bortezomib as a single agent, at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, every 21 days for a total of six cycles. Results Fifteen patients were registered, of whom 12 (10 CTCL, all mycosis fungoides, and two PTCLU with isolated skin involvement) were assessable. The overall response rate was 67%, with two (17%) complete remissions and six (50%) partial remissions. The remaining four patients had disease progression. Histologically, the responder patients were seven with CTCL and one with PTCLU with isolated skin involvement. All responses were durable, lasting from 7 to 14 or more months. Overall, the drug was well tolerated, with no grade 4 toxicity. The most common grade 3 toxicities were neutropenia (n = 2), thrombocytopenia (n = 2), and sensory neuropathy (n = 2). Conclusion This study suggests that bortezomib was well tolerated and has significant single-agent activity in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Baby boomer pharmacists: ageing and projections of retirement
Authors: Schofield D J , Fletcher S L , Johnston N 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Objective
To identify ageing and retirement patterns of the pharmacy workforce since 1986 and the implications of those changes for future workforce planning.

Method
Australian Bureau of Statistics census data from 1986 to 2001 were used to examine ageing of the pharmacy workforce and attrition of pharmacists aged 50 years and over. The number of pharmacists to retire was projected over the next 20 years.

Key findings
The Australian pharmacy workforce has aged significantly since 1986 (P &lt; 0.01). Forty-one per cent of pharmacists practising in 2001 are predicted to retire by 2026. Baby boomer pharmacists were more likely to work long hours (49+ per week) in 2001 than in 1986, and than generation X pharmacists in 2001. The proportion of women in pharmacy has increased from 39% in 1986 to over 50% in 2001. Women are still more likely to work part-time than males, although they are less likely to do so than they were in 1986. Conversely, the proportion of male pharmacists working part-time is rising.

Conclusions
With baby boomer and older cohorts currently making up 65% of the pharmacy workforce, their retirement will place increased pressure on a profession already facing severe shortages. The growing proportion of female pharmacists and their generally lower workforce participation mean the potential for continued pharmacy shortages.
Professional practices and experiences with complementary medicines: a cross-sectional study involving community pharmacists in England
Authors: Barnes Joanne , Abbot Neil C 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Objective
As retailers of complementary medicines (CMs), pharmacists are well placed to advise consumers on the safe and effective use of these products; where CMs are available in pharmacies, pharmacists should be well informed about such products. This study explored the extent to which CMs are available in community pharmacies in England, and examined pharmacists' experiences, professional practices and training with regard to these products.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a structured questionnaire posted to community pharmacists. Coded follow-up mailings were sent to non-responders after 2 and 4 months, and a reminder telephone call made after 3 months.

Setting
All community pharmacists in six areas (Devon, Cornwall, Bradford, Leeds, Manchester, Stockport) of England (total n = 1337).

Key findings
The response rate was 66.5%. Overall, 92% of respondents reported that CMs (excluding vitamins/minerals) are sold in the pharmacy in which they practise, 81% had received requests from patients/consumers for specific CMs in the previous year, and 58% had recommended CMs. Around 70% of respondents rarely/never asks about CMs use when counter-prescribing conventional medicines or when receiving reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with conventional medicines.
In total, 40% of respondents had undertaken training in complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). Pharmacists who had undertaken training were more likely to ask patients/consumers specifically about use of CMs when counter-prescribing conventional over-the-counter (OTC) medicines (37.0% versus 23.4%, respectively; χ2 = 17.4; P = 0.0003) and when receiving reports from patients/customers of suspected ADRs associated with conventional (prescribed or OTC) medicines (35.6% versus 23.8%, respectively; χ2 = 13.0; P = 0.0003).

Conclusion
CMs are widely available in pharmacies in England, and pharmacists interact with users of these products. An opportunity exists for pharmacists to embrace a professional role as expert advisors on CMs. However, pharmacists' training, professional practices and competence with respect to CMs first need to improve.
Enhanced pharmacy services, barriers and facilitators in Australia's community pharmacies: Australia's National Pharmacy Database Project
Authors: Berbatis Constantine G , Sunderland V Bruce , Joyce Andrew , Bulsara Max , Mills Christina 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Objective
To report the frequency of 27 enhanced pharmacy services (EPS) provided in Australia's community pharmacies and to analyse barriers and facilitators for providing priority services. Setting A large representative sample of community pharmacies in Australia in 2002.

Method
Questionnaires were mailed to owners or managers of a stratified, representative sample of Australia's community pharmacies; 1131of 1391 consenting pharmacies responded (81.3%). Specifically trained staff, fees charged, structural and other components and plan to introduce EPS were analysed. The barriers and facilitators for all EPS were rated by a Likert scale. Logistic regression models tested for predictors for providing one or more EPS and those related to Australia's National Health Priorities.

Key findings
Eighty-eight per cent of Australia's community pharmacies offered ≥1 EPS. More than 40% offered EPS for asthma, diabetes, methadone, herbal medicines, hypertension and wound care. Pharmacies with higher turnover (odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 99% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–3.42) and younger owners (OR for age, 0.69; 99% CI = 0.48–0.99) were predictors for providing ≥1 EPS. Higher turnover was a predictor for diabetes care. Enclosed counselling area was a predictor for hypertension care. Owners and managers committed to continuing education was a predictor for diabetes and hyperlipidaemia services. Significant barriers perceived were lack of confidence for diabetes care and not being regarded as ‘part of the job’ for asthma, diabetes, hypertension and weight-management services.

Conclusion
The percentages of pharmacies in Australia that provided equivalent EPS were similar or higher than the UK, New Zealand and USA. The frequency of existing and planned EPS appeared disproportionately low to satisfy national health priorities. Significant barriers and facilitators and pharmacy characteristics for providing EPS were identified. The results assist national bodies to increase the uptake of EPS by pharmacies.