bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Acyl and N‐Alkoxycarbonyl Derivatives of 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazolo[4,5‐c]pyridine: Preparation and Application.
Authors: Holt Jarle , Fiksdahl Anne 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the Synthesis of 5‐Ethyl Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: Akue‐Gedu Rufine , El‐Hafidi Hayate , Rigo Benoit , Couturier Daniel 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Benzofuranyl‐1,3‐benzoxazines and 1,3‐Benzoxazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Ujjinamatada Ravi K. , Appala Raju S. , Agasimundin Yankanagouda S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Synthesis of 4H‐1,4‐Benzothiazine Derivatives Based on Ring Closure of EWG‐Stabilized (2‐Isocyanophenylthio)methyl Anions.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Hayashi Kazutaka , Iitsuka Daisuke , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two‐Step Syntheses of 3‐Methyl and 3‐Phenyl‐1,2,4‐benzotriazines.
Authors: Khodja Mohamed , Moulay Saad , Boutoumi Hocine , Wilde Horst 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three New, 1‐Oxygenated ent‐8,9‐Secokaurane Diterpenes from Croton kongensis
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Yang Jing‐Hua , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Li Zi‐Yan , Li Liang 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Scaffold for iGluR Ligands Based on the Structure of (‐)‐Dysiherbaine.
Authors: Cohen Jamie L. , Limon Agenor , Miledi Ricardo , Chamberlin A. Richard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of FR901464, an Antitumor Agent that Regulates the Transcription of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes.
Authors: Albert Brian J. , Sivaramakrishnan Ananthapadmanabhan , Naka Tadaatsu , Koide Kazunori 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Prediction of Biological Targets for Compounds Using Multiple‐Category Bayesian Models Trained on Chemogenomics Databases.
Authors: Nidhi Nidhi , Glick Meir , Davies John W. , Jenkins Jeremy L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhancing Specificity and Sensitivity of Pharmacophore‐Based Virtual Screening by Incorporating Chemical and Shape Features — A Case Study of HIV Protease Inhibitors.
Authors: Pandit Deepangi , So Sung‐Sau , Sun Hongmao 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metastable γ‐MnS Hierarchical Architectures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Growth Mechanism.
Authors: Zheng Yuanhui , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng , Zhou Lihua , Bao Feng , Jia Chong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Specific Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Thioredoxin Reductase as Potential Antimalarial Agents.
Authors: Adricopulo A. D. , Akoachere M. B. , Krogh R. , Nickel C. , McLeish M. J. , Kenyon G. L. , Arscott L. D. , Williams C. H. Jr. , Davioud‐Charvet E. , Becker K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nature of the Active Species in Palladium Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck and Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings — Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Critical Review
Authors: Phan Nam T. S. , Van Der Sluys Matthew , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4′‐N Pyrrolidine Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Oligonucleotides
Authors: Rejman Dominik , Kocalka Petr , Pohl Radek , Rosenberg Ivan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfenylphosphinoferrocenes: Novel Planar Chiral Ligands in Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Cabrera Silvia , Mancheno Olga Garcia , Arrayas Ramon Gomez , Alonso Ines , Mauleon Pablo , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multisegmented One‐Dimensional Nanorods Prepared by Hard‐Template Synthetic Methods
Authors: Hurst Sarah J. , Payne Emma Kathryn , Qin Lidong , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrical spin injection into InGaAs quantum dots
Authors: Löffler W. , Tröndle D. , Fallert J. , Tsitsishvili E. , Kalt H. , Litvinov D. , Gerthsen D. , Lupaca‐Schomber J. , Passow T. , Daniel B. , Kvietkova J. , Hetterich M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report on the injection of electron spins into InGaAs quantum dots with an efficiency of up to 60%. This injection is observed in p‐i‐n light‐emitting diode structures using the diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnMnSe as spin aligner (spin‐LED). The degree of spin polarization is deduced from the circular polarization degree of the photons emitted when the injected electrons recombine in the quantum dots with unpolarized holes. We observe a strong energy dependence of the polarization degree with a strong increase starting from zero to a high value on the high energy side of the emission spectrum. To study the origin of this dependence, we compare results of two quantum‐dot samples with emission peaks at 1.2 eV and 1.33 eV, respectively. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Path integral Monte Carlo results for Bose condensation of mesoscopic indirect excitons
Authors: Filinov A. , Bonitz M. , Ludwig P. , Lozovik Yu. E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFirst principle results for small clusters of strongly correlated indirect excitons in a harmonic confinement potential are presented. At low temperature Bose condensation is verified. The condensate fraction and the superfluid density are computed. The importance of a correct treatment of the Fermi statistics of electrons and holes is demonstrated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the phonon‐exciton interaction on exciton‐exciton quantum correlation in semiconductor microcavities
Authors: Portolan S. , Di Stefano O. , Savasta S. , Rossi F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe present an extension of the previous descriptions based on the Dynamics Controlled Truncation Scheme of light‐matter interaction beyond mean‐field, including the microscopic description of the exciton‐photon interaction. This enables the microscopic analysis of the influence of decoherence and noise on the polariton quantum correlations originating from nonlinear optical processes. We expand the operators involved in the dynamics in terms of exact eigenstates of the electron system, the photon and phonon operators and treat phonon‐assisted transitions within the Markov approximation. In particular, we present quantum Heisenberg‐Langevin equations describing light‐induced excitations in semiconductor systems interacting with the phonon bath. This theoretical framework is applied to study the influence of dephasing and noise due to photoluminescence on polariton quantum correlations generated by parametric emission in microcavities. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport in quantum devices: modelling contacts in the Wigner formalism
Authors: Taj D. , Genovese L. , Rossi F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe shall discuss the role of the contacts as they are modelled in the conventional treatment of quantum devices based on the Wigner‐Function formalism. Our analysis will show that the artificial spatial separation between device active region and external reservoirs is intrinsically incompatible with the non‐local character of quantum mechanics. More specifically, by means of an exactly‐solvable semiconductor model, we shall show that the application of the usual Up‐Wind boundary scheme to the Wigner transport equation may produce highly non‐physical results, like boundary‐driven negative probability distributions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐photon coherent control of dark orthoexcitons in Cu2O
Authors: Yoshioka K. , Kuwata‐Gonokami M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe investigate experimentally the two‐photon coherence exhibited by optically forbidden exciton states in the bulk semiconductor Cu2O. Two‐photon coherent control is achieved by using phase‐locked optical pulse pairs. Very long dephasing times and a fine energy splittings of the order of µ‐eV are observed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microscopically resolved resonant Rayleigh scattering from single excitons
Authors: Schwedt Daniel , Schwartz Rico , Stolz Heinrich , Reuter Dirk , Wieck Andreas 
Published: July 2006

AbstractStrongly disordered GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QW) have been excited resonantly with a narrow bandwidth cw laser which was scanned over the absorption profile of the QW. The secondary emission of the QW was investigated with microscopic resolution using either a CCD, examining the spatial distribution of the emission, or an imaging CCD spectrograph. The observed resonant emission was found to be very well isolated spectrally as well as spatially. From comparison with numerical model calculations it was found that spectrally sharp emission peaks clearly can be assigned to single excitons. However, spatially isolated emission spots do not prove strong localization of the emitting excitons. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐radiative recombination of optical excitations in (GaIn)(NAs) quantum wells
Authors: Rubel O. , Baranovskii S. D. , Hantke K. , Rühle W. W. , Thomas P. , Volz K. , Stolz W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe present results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal quenching of the photoluminescence intensity in (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs quantum wells after various postgrowth treatments. The experimental data are well described in the framework of a phenomenological model, if thermal emission of excitons out of localized states into delocalized states at the mobility edge prior to their non‐radiative recombination is taken into account. Comparison between theoretical results and experimental data yields such material parameters as the energy scale of the band tail and the relative concentrations of non‐radiative centers and traps. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stimulated emission from ZnO nanorod arrays
Authors: Hauschild R. , Lange H. , Priller H. , Klingshirn C. , Kling R. , Waag A. , Fan H. J. , Zacharias M. , Kalt H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe discuss the time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra of single ZnO nanorods taken at excitation fluences above and below the laser threshold. In the latter case, P‐band emission related to polariton‐polariton scattering is observed for certain rod geometries while stimulated emission occurs within the electron‐hole plasma band. We calculate the intensity distribution of low‐order waveguide modes as well as their energy dependence for given nanorod geometries to discuss their relevance with respect to nanorod lasing and polariton propagation. Additional finite‐element analysis confirms that a gold layer formed at the nanorod‐substrate interface under certain growth conditions leads to an enhancement of confinement within the resonator. (2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy spectrum of strongly correlated electrons and indirect excitons in quantum dots
Authors: Balzer K. , Nölle C. , Bonitz M. , Filinov A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the limit of strong correlations, we present a general description of finite electron and exciton systems in semiconductor quantum dots or quantum wells with external electrostatic confinement. We are able to analytically obtain the energy spectrum and wave functions which are constructed by exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in terms of the N ‐particle eigenmodes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Foundations of a robust social-ecological system: irrigation institutions in Taiwan
Authors: LAM WAI FUNG 
Published: July 2006

The decline of agriculture in Taiwan has adversely affected the incentives of farmers and the government to engage in irrigation management. Despite that, Taiwan's irrigation systems have shown a high degree of robustness. This study seeks to understand how institutions have contributed to the robustness of Taiwanese irrigation. Conceptualizing an irrigation system as a social-ecological system (SES), this study examines the development and design of Taiwanese irrigation institutions, and how these institutions have enabled farmers and irrigation managers to cope with the dynamics in the SES, and hence contributed to the system's robustness.The study has found that the robust systems are built upon institutions that allow effective coordination of the activities of a multitude of farmers, enhance the development and sustenance of a repertoire of ideas, and nest the problem-solving efforts of various scopes and scales in a complementary manner. The institutions enable individuals and organizations at different levels to engage in continuous learning and adaptation that, in turn, facilitates the systems' adaptation to the changing environment.
“Let There Be Bile”‐Understanding Hepatic Injury in Cholestasis
Authors: Sokol Ronald J. , Devereaux Michael , Dahl Rolf , Gumpricht Eric 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTCholestatic liver disorders account for a large proportion of chronic liver ailments in adults, children and infants, and are among the leading indications for liver transplantation in all age groups. Recent studies have begun to characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte injury caused by the retention of hydrophobic bile acids in cholestasis. Steatocholestasis is the combined presence of hepatic steatosis and cholestasis, common in genetic causes of metabolic liver disease in childhood. Retention of hydrophobic bile acids promotes hepatocellular injury and subsequent portal fibrosis in these conditions. Investigations at the mechanistic level have revealed that activation of hepatocyte death receptors, induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial perturbations and activation of caspases are intracellular pathways that mediate hepatocyte injury. Several compounds in licorice root have been shown to modulate bile acid‐induced apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. Further investigations will be needed to identify novel molecular and cellular targets for which pharmaceuticals might be developed, to reduce liver injury and fibrosis in cholestasis and steatocholestasis.
Biochemical Abnormality in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
Authors: Bloomer Joseph R. , Wang Yongming , Singhal Anuj , Risheg Hiba 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTObjectives:Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a genetic disorder in which deficient ferrochelatase (FECH) activity causes the excessive production and excretion of protoporphyrin. This in turn causes the major clinical manifestation of EPP, photosensitivity and, in some patients, hepatobiliary disease that may be severe. The objective of this study was to define genotypic determinants of phenotype in EPP.Methods:FECH activity was measured in 30 tissue samples from 26 patients with symptomatic EPP to determine the degree of deficient activity. FECH DNA analysis was also done in 26 families with EPP to identify mutations and examine for the presence of a polymorphism (IVS3‐48c) that causes low gene expression.Results:The level of residual FECH activity that was measured in tissue samples of patients with symptomatic EPP was ≤30% of the mean normal level in all patients except one. Lowest levels (4‐20% normal) were in patients with advanced EPP liver disease. Heterozygous FECH mutations were found in 45 individuals from 26 families with EPP. In 94% of the 32 symptomatic individuals, 15 of whom had liver disease, the polymorphism was present in the nonmutant allele. In 13 asymptomatic patients, the polymorphism was absent.Conclusions:Patients with symptomatic EPP (photosensitivity with/without hepatobiliary disease) usually have a mutation in 1 FECH allele that alters enzyme structure/function, together with a polymorphism in the nonmutant allele that causes low gene expression. This leads to a significant reduction in FECH activity that causes symptomatic disease to develop because of the excess protoporphyrin produced.
Liver Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Colombo Carla , Russo Maria Chiara , Zazzeron Laura , Romano Giovanna 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTLiver involvement in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is much less frequent than both pulmonary and pancreatic diseases that are present in 80‐90% of CF patients; liver disease (LD) affects only one third of CF patients, however, because of the decreasing mortality from extrahepatic causes, its recognition and management is becoming a relevant clinical issue. Recent observations suggest that clinical expression of LD in CF may be influenced by genetic modifiers; their identification is an important issue because it may allow recognition of patients at risk for the development of LD at the time of diagnosis of CF and early institution of prophylactic strategies. Oral bile acid therapy, aimed at improving biliary secretion in terms of bile viscosity and bile acid composition, is currently the only available therapeutic approach for CF‐associated LD. However, the impact of this therapy on the natural history of LD remains to be defined and long‐term effectiveness on clinically relevant outcomes should be further investigated. Liver transplantation should be offered to CF patients with progressive liver failure and/or with life‐threatening sequelae of portal hypertension, who also have mild pulmonary involvement that is expected to support long‐term survival. The 1‐year survival rate after transplantation in CF patients is approximately 80%, with beneficial effects on lung function, nutritional status, body composition and quality of life in most cases.
Corticosteroids and the cardiovascular response to stress: a pilot study of the 35% CO2 challenge in Addison's disease
Authors: Kaye J. M. , Lightman S. L. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryObjective  Glucocorticoids play an essential role in the neuroendocrine response to stress, influencing both the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympatho‐adrenomedullary (SAM) axis at several levels. In this pilot study, a clinical model of primary adrenocortical failure (Addison's disease, AD) has been used to evaluate the role of circulating glucocorticoids in both the autonomic and psychological response to stress.Design and subjects  Five subjects with known AD underwent a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled investigation in which they received fixed glucocorticoid plus mineralocorticoid hormone replacement or placebo for 48 h prior to a 35% CO2 challenge.Measurement  Psychological responses immediately before and after CO2 exposure were assessed by questionnaire. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate were measured automatically at 1‐min intervals for 5 min before and 5 min after the CO2 exposure.Results  While on hormone replacement, all subjects had an identical response to CO2 to that recorded in normal volunteers (initial bradycardia, an increase in blood pressure and subjective feelings of anxiety). On no replacement, however, the bradycardia and anxiety responses were not significantly altered, but the pressor response was markedly attenuated (+15·6 ± 5 mmHg on replacement compared with +4·2 ± 3·3 mmHg off replacement; P = 0·043).Conclusions  These data provide further evidence that the CO2‐induced bradycardia is a direct – presumably parasympathetic – response to CO2 independent of the pressor effect, and that the pressor response itself is dependent on the presence of the circulating corticosteroid.