bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coining and Defining Novel Nursing Terminology. Part 3: Critical Incident Control
Authors: Wong Elizabeth 
Published: February 2009

PURPOSE.  In the third of a three‐part series, a novel nursing terminology is introduced and proposed for inclusion in the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)—Critical incident control (CIC)—defined as a response that attempts to reverse a life‐threatening condition. Critical incident nursing diagnosis (CIND), defined as recognition of an acute life‐threatening event that occurs as a result of disease, surgery, treatment, or medication, and critical incident nursing intervention, defined as any indirect or direct care registered nurse–initiated treatment, based upon clinical judgment and knowledge that a registered nurse performs in response to a CIND, were introduced in Parts 1 and 2 of this series, respectively. DATA SOURCES.  The current literature, research studies, meta‐analyses from a variety of disciplines, and personal clinical experience serve as the data sources for this article. DATA SYNTHESIS.  The current nursing outcomes in the NOC are inaccurate or inadequate for describing nursing care during life‐threatening situations. The lack of standardized nursing terminology creates a barrier that may impede critical communication and patient care during life‐threatening situations. CONCLUSION.  Coining and defining novel nursing terminology, CIC, for patient care during life‐threatening situations is important and fills the gap in the current standardized nursing terminology. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Refining the NOC will permit nursing researchers, among others, to conduct studies on nursing diagnoses in conjunction with the proposed novel nursing terminology, CIC.
Identification and characterisation of traditional chestnut varieties of southern Spain using morphological and simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers
Authors: Martin M.A. , Alvarez J.B. , Mattioni C. , Cherubini M. , Villani F. , Martin L.M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe maintenance of plant genetic resources requires the identification of places and agroforestry systems that support high levels of genetic diversity. The aim of this work was to clarify the number and names of chestnut (Castanea sativa) cultivars in the south of Spain. Accordingly, 100 grafted chestnut trees corresponding to 34 traditional names were evaluated using 10 qualitative morphological traits and seven simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers. We identified 38 varieties, 12 in the Huelva region and 26 in Malaga, and synonymies and homonymies were discussed. This work demonstrated that the joint use of morphological traits and SSR markers is an efficient method to evaluate the agrobiodiversity of chestnut in this region. It was also stated that chestnut production in the south of Spain is a traditional system using varieties developed ‘in situ’. This constitutes a genuine system of on‐farm conservation, which is now threatened. Consequently, adopting strategies for its safeguarding are urgently recommended.
Building anisotropic sampling schemes for the estimation of anisotropic dispersal
Authors: Soubeyrand S. , Enjalbert J. , Kretzschmar A. , Sache I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAnisotropy, a structural property of dispersal, is observed in dispersal patterns occurring for a wide range of biological systems. While dispersal models more and more often incorporate anisotropy, the sampling schemes required to collect data for validation usually do not account for the anisotropy of dispersal data. Using a parametric model already published to describe the spatial spread of a plant disease, the wheat yellow rust, we carry out a study aimed at recommending an appropriate sampling scheme for anisotropic data. In a first step, we show with a simulation study that prior knowledge of dispersal anisotropy can be used to improve the sampling scheme. One of the main guidelines to be proposed is the orientation of the sampling grid around the main dispersal directions. In a second step, we propose a sequential sampling procedure (SSP) used to automatically build anisotropic sampling schemes adapted to the actual anisotropy of dispersal. The SSP is applied to simulated and real data. The proposed methodology is expected to be adapted easily to any kind of organisms with wind‐borne propagule dispersal because it does not require the inclusion of biological features specific of the considered organism.
Health monitoring of plants by their emitted volatiles: trichome damage and cell membrane damage are detectable at greenhouse scale
Authors: Jansen R.M.C. , Hofstee J.W. , Wildt J. , Verstappen F.W.A. , Bouwmeester H.J. , Posthumus M.A. , Van Henten E.J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPathogen attack and herbivore infestation have a major impact on plant health. In a model study, these two plant health issues were simulated to study whether plant health can be monitored at greenhouse scale through the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in greenhouse atmosphere. To simulate pathogen attack and herbivore infestation, we repeatedly stroked the stems of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) and repeatedly removed their side shoots. In addition, we studied the effect of fruit picking on the concentration of plant‐emitted VOCs in greenhouse atmosphere. Analysis of air samples obtained before these treatments revealed up to 17 VOCs that are known to be released from tomato plants, of which the most dominant one was the monoterpene β‐phellandrene. When plants were 7 weeks old, the concentration of this VOC was approximately 0.06 ppbv before treatment. When plants were 12 weeks old, this concentration was raised to approximately 0.14 ppbv. Stroking of the stems, removing the side shoots and fruit picking resulted in an increase in the concentrations of all mono‐ and most sesquiterpenes up to 60‐fold, which was expected because these VOCs are well‐known constituents of trichomes. The treatments did not result in substantially increased concentrations of the stress‐related compounds α‐copaene, methyl salicylate and (E,E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyl‐1,3,7,11‐tridecatetraene. In contrast to stroking and fruit picking, shoot removal resulted in the emission of the lipoxygenase‐derived product (Z)‐3‐hexenol in greenhouse atmosphere expressing cell membrane degradation. The findings presented in this paper focus on the feasibility of monitoring plant health through the analysis of VOCs in greenhouse air, but findings might also be relevant for atmospheric chemistry.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Flag‐leaf Ligule Length in Rice and Alignment with ZmLG1 Gene
Authors: Zeng Dali , Hu Jiang , Dong Guojun , Liu Jian , Zeng Longjun , Zhang Guangheng , Guo Longbiao , Zhou Yihua , Qian Qian 
Published: February 2009

Abstract A doubled haploid (DH) population, which consists of 120 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid ‘CJ06’/‘TN1’, was used in this study. Ligule lengths of flag leaf were investigated for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using the DH population. Five QTLs (qLL‐2, qLL‐4, qLL‐6, qLL‐10 and qLL‐12) controlling the ligule length (LL) were detected on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12, with the variances explained 11.4%, 13.6%, 27.8%, 22.1% and 11.0%, respectively. Using four known genes of ZmGL1, ZmGL2, ZmGL3 and ZmGL4 in maize from the MaizeGDB, their homologs in rice were aligned and integrated into the existing simple sequence repeats linkage map by in silico mapping. A ZmLG1 homolog gene, OsLG1 encoding a squamosa promoter binding protein, was located between the markers RM255 and RM280, which is just identical to the interval of qLL‐4 on the long arm of chromosome 4. The results are beneficial to dissection of the ligule molecular mechanism and the study of cereal evolution.
Constraints on w0 and wa of dark energy from high-redshift gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Tsutsui Ryo , Nakamura Takashi , Yonetoku Daisuke , Murakami Toshio , Tanabe Sachiko , Kodama Yoshiki , Takahashi Keitaro 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We extend the Hubble diagram up to z= 5.6 using 63 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) via peak energy–peak luminosity relation (so-called Yonetoku relation), and obtain constraints on cosmological parameters including dynamical dark energy parametrized by P/ρ≡w(z) =w0+wa×z/(1 +z). It is found that the current GRB data are consistent with the concordance model (Ωm= 0.28, ΩΛ= 0.72, w0=-1, wa= 0) within 2σ level. Although constraints from GRBs themselves are not so strong, they can improve the conventional constraints from type Ia supernovae because GRBs have much higher redshifts. Further, we estimate the constraints on the dark energy parameters expected by future observations with Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope and Swift by Monte Carlo simulation. Constraints would improve substantially with another 150 GRBs.
Interdependence of social structure and demography in the southern elephant seal colony of Península Valdés, Argentina
Authors: Ferrari Mariano A. , Lewis Mirtha N. , Pascual Miguel A. , Campagna Claudio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSouthern elephant seals breed at Península Valdés (PV, Argentina) along 200 km of coastline. Annual pup counts at peak breeding season for the entire colony increased from 12,113 in 1995 to 14,350 in 2006. Two demographic subunits were identified in the North and South of PV with different trends in births numbers, sex ratios and harem sizes. Birth numbers increased in the South, but decreased sharply in the North. To explain the trends in the colony and subunits, a population model was proposed that integrates social structure (harem size and sex ratio) in a fertility function that quantifies the effects of the social structure on the number of births. We found that a better fit to census data results from our model compared to a linear one (χ12= 4.027, P= 0.045). The model was then used to test alternative hypotheses about the role of recruitment and migration on the dynamic of the two subunits. Results indicated the relevance of considering social structure in population models of gregarious and polygynous species, and is an additional tool for comparative studies between populations of elephant seals where long term census are available.
Radiation‐associated carotid artery atherosclerosis: case report and review of contemporaneous literature
Authors: Friedlander Arthur H. , Federico Maria , Yueh Ronald , Norman Keith M. , Chin Eva E. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTRadiation therapy (RT) is a component of the treatment of patients with head and neck malignancies. This therapy may damage the nearby carotid arteries, thereby initiating or accelerating the atherosclerotic process (atheroma formation). Dentists treating patients who have been irradiated should examine the patient's panoramic radiograph for evidence of atheroma‐like calcifications, which appear 1.5 to 2.5 cm posterior and inferior to the angle of the mandible. Patients with evidence of such lesions should be referred to their primary care physician with the suggestion that an ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries is indicated.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Ainsliaea faurieana (Asteraceae), an endemic plant species on Yakushima Island, Japan, and cross‐species amplification in closely related taxa
Authors: MITSUI Y. , ISAGI Y. , SETOGUCHI H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFourteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for Ainsliaea faurieana, an endemic perennial plant species on Yakushima Island. In an analysis of 37 individuals from Yakushima Island, the observed number of alleles ranged from two to six. The expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.109–0.811 and 0.000–0.27, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient was 0.489–1.000. The interspecific applicability of these microsatellites was evaluated by analysing three closely related taxa from the Ryukyu Islands. All primer pairs for the 14 loci tested successfully amplified in all taxa.
Isolation and characterization of codominant markers for the perennial canker fungal pathogen Neonectria ditissima
Authors: MARRA ROBERT E. , CORWIN JASON A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract Neonectria ditissima is a fungal pathogen native to eastern North America that causes disfiguring cankers on numerous tree species, particularly birches (Betula spp.). In order to develop control strategies, fundamental knowledge of the pathogen's reproductive and dispersal dynamics is necessary. To undertake these studies, we developed genomic libraries enriched for clones containing microsatellites, and then designed primers flanking each locus. Of 34 loci that were screened, 11 were polymorphic among 38 isolates obtained from a single population. Gene diversities ranged from 0.05 to 0.862 with a mean of 0.409. These markers will be invaluable in population studies of this fungus.
Characterization of 27 microsatellite loci in the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis
Authors: LALLIAS DELPHINE , STOCKDALE RUTH , BOUDRY PIERRE , BEAUMONT ANDY R. , LAPÈGUE SYLVIE 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe flat oyster Ostrea edulis is native to Europe and populations have been severely depleted by the parasite Bonamia ostreae since the 1980s. Additional genetic markers are required to improve population genetics study and linkage map development for selection for B. ostrea‐resistance in this species. Here, we characterized 27 novel microsatellite loci for O. edulis. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 25 and observed heterozygosity between 0.375 and 1. Null alleles were suggested at a few loci but most loci were in Hardy–Weinberg agreement enabling their reliable use in further population and mapping genetics approaches.
Isolation and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellites in the Plethodontid salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii
Authors: DEVITT THOMAS J. , PEREIRA RICARDO , JAKKULA LAKSHMI , ALEXANDRINO JOÃO , BARDELEBEN CAROLYNE , MORITZ CRAIG 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe developed 15 new polymorphic microsatellites for the plethodontid salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii. Loci were isolated from a genomic library from Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica enriched for (AAAG)n repetitive elements. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 20 (mean 9) in the sampled population. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.37 to 1. None of the loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or showed significant linkage disequilibrium after a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. All loci amplified in the six other subspecies of the Ensatina eschscholtzii complex. These new markers will prove useful in measuring gene flow and population structure as well as patterns of mating and sperm use in Ensatina.
Microsatellite loci within sixgill sharks, Hexanchus griseus
Authors: LARSON SHAWN , TINNEMORE DEBORAH , AMEMIYA CHRIS 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNovel sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) microsatellite loci were developed and tested on five shark species. A suite of microsatellite loci previously developed for lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) was also tested. Data on 15 microsatellites are presented including primer sequences, number of alleles (a), observed (HO) and expected heterozygosities (HE), and FIS values for sixgill sharks (a = 10–69, HO = 0.24–1.00, HE = 0.76–0.96 and FIS = –0.21–0.60), sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) (a = 6–40, HO = 0.20–0.73, HE = 0.59–0.94 and FIS = –0.47–0.58), Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) (a = 3–13, HO = 0.00–0.96, HE = 0.24–0.93 and FIS =–0.52–1.00), angle sharks (Squatina californica) (a = 1–4, HO = 0.00–1.00, HE = 0.60–1.00 and FIS =–1.00–0.25), and leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) (a = 3–16, HO = 0.20–1.00, HE = 0.53–0.92 and FIS = –0.57–1.00). A final suite of 14 microsatellites (13 developed from sixgill sharks and one from lemon sharks) were found to be polymorphic and conform to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium within sixgill sharks.
Six diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism markers for detecting introgression between cutthroat and rainbow trouts
Authors: FINGER AMANDA J. , STEPHENS MOLLY R. , CLIPPERTON NEIL W. , MAY BERNIE 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTen primer pairs were screened to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) TaqMan assays that will distinguish California golden trout and some rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss sspp., O. m. aguabonita) from the Paiute and Lahontan cutthroat trouts (Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris, O. c. henshawi). From these 10 primer pairs, one mitochondrial and five nuclear fixed SNP differences were discovered and developed into TaqMan assays. These six assays will be useful for characterizing and monitoring hybridization between these groups. Additional Oncorhynchus clarkii sspp. and Oncorhynchus mykiss sspp. were assayed to determine if these assays are useful in closely related species.
Molecular characterization of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in the common frog, Rana temporaria
Authors: ZEISSET I. , BEEBEE T. J. C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes, which play a major role in the immune system response, are some of the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates. We developed polymerase chain reaction primers for part of the second exon of an expressed MHC class II gene in the common frog, Rana temporaria. We genotyped this locus in five frog populations in southeast England and detected eight alleles in 215 individuals. Five or six alleles were detected in each population with a maximum of two alleles per individual, indicating that only a single locus was amplified. We also inferred the possible existence of a null allele. There were 23 variable nucleotide sites (out of 136) and 13 variable amino acid sites (out of 44), many of which corresponded to amino acids involved in antigen recognition. We detected a significant excess of nonsynonymous substitutions at antigen binding sites, indicating that this gene is under positive selection. The level of variation we found was similar to that in other amphibian MHC class II loci, such as those in Bombina bombina, Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma tigrinum.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Eosinophilia in Dogs
Authors: Windsor R.C. , Sturges B.K. , Vernau K.M. , Vernau W. 
Published: February 2009

Background:Marked eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis (EME) is rarely reported in dogs and the cause is usually undetermined. Long‐term prognosis for dogs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia is variable.Animals:Twenty‐three client‐owned dogs.Methods:Retrospective case series. Dogs with eosinophilic CSF, defined as total nucleated cell count (TNCC) >3 cells/μL with >20% eosinophils, were identified by a computerized search of all dogs having cisternal and/or lumbar CSF analyzed as part of the diagnostic workup between 1992 and 2007.Results:TNCC in CSF ranged from 4 to 4,740 cells/μL (median 84 cells/μL, reference range ≤3 cells/μL), with 22 to 95% (median 78%) eosinophils in the differential count. An infectious agent was identified on necropsy in 4 of 23 (17%) dogs (Cryptococcus neoformans[n = 2],Neospora caninum[n = 1], andBaylisascaris procyonis[n = 1]). Each of these dogs had progressive neurologic deterioration. Sixteen dogs had idiopathic EME. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were abnormal in 7 of 13 dogs with EME; 2 dogs had focal lesions and 5 dogs had multifocal lesions. Clinical signs in 12 of 16 (75%) dogs with idiopathic EME resolved with prednisone treatment. Three dogs with acute intervertebral disc herniations recovered after decompressive surgery alone.Conclusions:Idiopathic EME is a common cause of eosinophilic pleocytosis in dogs. MRI findings are variable. Infectious causes of EME were less common and had a poor prognosis.
Treatment of Fungal Bioaerosols by a High-Temperature, Short-Time Process in a Continuous-Flow System
Authors: Jung Jae Hee , Lee Jung Eun , Lee Chang Ho , Kim Sang Soo , Lee Byung Uk 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Airborne fungi, termed fungal bioaerosols, have received attention due to the association with public health problems and the effects on living organisms in nature. There are growing concerns that fungal bioaerosols are relevant to the occurrence of allergies, opportunistic diseases in hospitals, and outbreaks of plant diseases. The search for ways of preventing and curing the harmful effects of fungal bioaerosols has created a high demand for the study and development of an efficient method of controlling bioaerosols. However, almost all modern microbiological studies and theories have focused on microorganisms in liquid and solid phases. We investigated the thermal heating effects on fungal bioaerosols in a continuous-flow environment. Although the thermal heating process has long been a traditional method of controlling microorganisms, the effect of a continuous high-temperature, short-time (HTST) process on airborne microorganisms has not been quantitatively investigated in terms of various aerosol properties. Our experimental results show that the geometric mean diameter of the tested fungal bioaerosols decreased when they were exposed to increases in the surrounding temperature. The HTST process produced a significant decline in the (1→3)-β-
d
-glucan concentration of fungal bioaerosols. More than 99% of the
Aspergillus versicolor
and
Cladosporium cladosporioides
bioaerosols lost their culturability in about 0.2 s when the surrounding temperature exceeded 350°C and 400°C, respectively. The instantaneous exposure to high temperature significantly changed the surface morphology of the fungal bioaerosols.
Establishment of an Analytical System for the Human Fecal Microbiota, Based on Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR Targeting of Multicopy rRNA Molecules
Authors: Matsuda Kazunori , Tsuji Hirokazu , Asahara Takashi , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Takada Toshihiko , Nomoto Koji 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

An analytical system based on rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was established for the precise evaluation of human intestinal microbiota. Group- and species-specific primer sets for
Clostridium perfringens
,
Lactobacillus
spp. (six subgroups and three species),
Enterococcus
spp., and
Staphylococcus
spp. targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences were newly developed for the quantitative analysis of such subdominant populations in human intestines. They were used together with previously reported group-specific primer sets for
Enterobacteriaceae
,
Pseudomonas
spp., and six predominant bacterial groups (the
Clostridium coccoides
group, the
Clostridium leptum
subgroup, the
Bacteroides fragilis
group,
Bifidobacterium
spp., the
Atopobium
cluster, and
Prevotella
spp.) for the examination of fecal samples from 40 healthy adults by RT-qPCR with lower detection limits of 10
2
to 10
4
cells per g of feces. The RT-qPCR method gave data equivalent to those yielded by qPCR for predominant populations of more than 10
8
cells per g of feces and could quantify bacterial populations that were not detectable (
Staphylococcus
and
Pseudomonas
) or those only detected at lower incidences (
Prevotella
,
C. perfringens
,
Lactobacillus
, and
Enterococcus
) by qPCR or the culture method. The RT-qPCR analysis of
Lactobacillus
spp. at the subgroup level revealed that a subject has a mean of 4.6 subgroups, with an average count of log
10
(6.3 ± 1.5) cells per g of feces. These results suggest that RT-qPCR is effective for the accurate enumeration of human intestinal microbiota, especially the entire analysis of both predominant and subdominant populations.