bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations énonciatives. Aspects de la genèse du style de l'Étranger
Authors: Adam Jean-Michel , Noël Mireille 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Michel Adam et Mireille Noël : Enunciative variations : The genesis of style in « L'Etranger »
As a consequence of the systematic use of the French « passe compose », the style of Albert Camus's best-known novel deviates from the traditional French novel. But it is indeed the basic function of tenses and time adverbs which is deconstructed : actions and events can no longer be located relatively to the time of utterance. The stylistic innovation of the novel cannot be separated from the enunciative choices. The article examines how Albert Camus goes from « La Mort heureuse » (a novel written in the third-person and the French « passe simple » which he never published) to a novel which is a landmark in French fiction. The stylistic choices are studied through a comparison of the opening pages of the two novels and in a fragment of « La Mort heureuse » which Camus takes up again almost literally in « L'Etranger ».
Quantification et anaphore discursive : la référence aux complémentaires
Authors: Corblin Francis 
Published: November 2007

F. Corblijn, Université Rennes 2 et URA 1028 CNRS : « Quantification et anaphore discursive : la reference aux complémentaires »
In this paper, it is argued that there is no need to assume that plural pronouns can refer to the complement (А П -i B) of a set introduced by a quantified sentence of form Q A B. It is argued instead that apparent references to this set are in fact references to the A set. A way of dealing with the accessibility of the set A is provided, and the preference of some quantifiers (e.g.yew, less than, etc.) for a reference to the A set is assumed to be trigerred by a smallness implicature carried by those quantifiers.
Les constructions adjectivales à sujet phrastique en grec moderne et en français
Authors: Sklavounou Elsa 
Published: November 2007

During the comparative study of adjectives nominalization in Modern Greek and in French (E. Sklavounou, 1997) we have singled out constructions with specific syntactic properties and related them to lexical entries of different syntactic classes. In this article we study the specific syntactic properties of the adjectival constructions whose subject is a sentence or a deverbal phrase, for example Η απόφαση του Οδυσσέα ήταν έξυπνη (Ulysses' decision was clever) . These constructions are related to the construction with a human subject and a sentential complement ΝΟ είναι Adj QueP. The two adjectival constructions (sentential or human subject) have important syntactic differences. Both can be nominalized leading to two de-adjectival nominal sentences, indirectly related, with slightly different meanings and different support verb. We propose a representation with two families of constructions inside the lexical entry : one for the human-subject construction and another for the sentential-subject one.
These specific syntactic properties and those of morphologically related nouns and adverbs define a class of adjectives denoting human psychological qualities.
L'adjectif en portugais et en kriyol : essai de syntaxe comparée
Authors: Kihm Alain 
Published: November 2007

Alain Kjhm : The adjective in Portugese and in Kriyol : A study in comparative syntax
The pre-theoretical notion "adjective" is described in terms of a combination of features as defined in Chomsky (1970), Jackendoff (1977) etc. Adjectives in Portugese, be they preposed or postposed, are shown to be lexical items that combine the features [+N] and [uV]. They are inserted in the Specifier of NP, bearing overt or non overt agreement features, and they are liable to merge with the copula [+V uN] to form a complex head. Unlike its lexifier language, Guinee-Bissau Kriyol exclusively postposes adjectives to the head noun. Arguments are adduced to show that Kriyol adjectives include [uN] and [+V] features, incorporating copula features, hence their inherent predicate status. Although both languages, Portuguese and Kriyol, possess adjectives as a linguistic category, a slight displacement in the values of the features
associated with Kriyol adjectives, probably due to creolization, has had far-reaching consequences.
L'absence de pronoms clitiques en créole mauricien
Authors: Syea Anand 
Published: November 2007

Anand Syea : Pronouns and the absence of clitic pronouns in Mauritian Creole
An examination of the pronominal system of Mauritian Creole, as of other French-based creoles, reveals that while most of the strong pronouns of French have been-retained, the weak (clitic) pronouns were never acquired. An obvious question arises as to why these pronouns failed to appear in the French creoles. It is suggested here that if clitic pronouns are in effect agreement markers, as has been suggested in the
literature, and are base-generated as bundles of features which are spelt out on functional heads such as Agr(S) and Agr(O), their absence in Mauritian and other French creoles can be accounted for. It is proposed that in general the spelling out of subject clitics in Agr(S) rests crucially on the presence of an overt Tense marker and the reason they failed to be spelt out in Mauritian Creole is because no overt Tense
marker was available in the initial period. In the case of object clitics, their failure to be realised on Agr(O) is attributed to the strict SVO order imposed on the emerging grammar.
Epoxidation of high trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene and its properties
Authors: Zhao Yongxian , Huang Baochen , Yao Wei , Cong Hailin , Shao Huafeng , Du Aihua 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new organic‐solvent‐free water‐phase suspension method was used to synthesize partially epoxidized high trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (TPI) to improve its properties, including oil resistance and wet‐skid resistance. The epoxidation was conducted in an aqueous peracetic acid solution and on the TPI granules prepared by a bulk precipitation method with supported titanium catalyst. The effects of the synthesis conditions, including reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH value, on the epoxy content were investigated. Epoxidized trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (ETPI) with epoxy contents between 10 and 80% were obtained within 4 h. Both the amorphous and crystalline regions of TPI were epoxidized. The crystallization properties decreased with increasing epoxy content. ETPIs possessed lower mechanical properties than TPI but could be enhanced by vulcanization. The oil resistance and wet‐skid resistance were significantly improved after epoxidation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Influence of natural fiber type in eco‐composites
Authors: García Miriam , Garmendia Izaskun , García Javier 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study concerns the preparation of eco‐composites based on natural fibers coming from wood and subproducts (rice husks) and products (kenaf) of annually grown plants. The matrices used were of two types: a biopolymer (PLA) and a petroleum‐derived polymer (HDPE). Results showed that natural fibers markedly increase the tensile and flexural properties of both polymers by extending the field of application of these materials with less use of nonrenewable resources. The properties obtained are comparable to commercially available fiber‐filled composites. Moreover, processing can easily be carried out in one step below a critical fiber volume. Fire and durability performance of the composites can be also improved by adding typical fire retardants and pigments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Recognition Properties of Donor‐ and Acceptor‐Modified Biphenyl‐DNA
Authors: Zahn Alain , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe recognition properties of DNA duplexes containing single or triple incorporations of eight different donor‐modified (OMe, NH2) and acceptor‐modified (NO2) biphenyl residues as base replacements in opposite positions were probed by UV‐melting and by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We found a remarkable dependence of duplex stability on the natures of the substituents (donor vs. acceptor). The stabilities of duplexes with one biphenyl pair increase in the order donor/donor < acceptor/donor < acceptor/acceptor substitution. The most stable biphenyl pairs stabilize duplexes by up to 6 °C in Tm. In duplexes with three consecutive biphenyl pairs the stability increases in the inverse order (acceptor/acceptor < donor/acceptor < donor/donor) with increases in Tm, relative to an unmodified duplex, of up to 10 °C. A thermodynamic analysis, combined with theoretical calculations of the physical properties of the biphenyl substituents, suggests that in duplexes with single biphenyl pairs the affinity is dominated by electrostatic forces between the biphenyl/nearest neighbor natural base pairs, whereas in the triple‐modified duplexes the increase in thermal stability is predominantly determined by hydrophobic interactions of the biphenyl residues with each other. Oligonucleotides containing amino biphenyl residues are fluorescent. Their fluorescence is largely quenched when they are paired with themselves or with nitrobiphenyl‐containing duplex partners.
Adaptation of the “in‐gel release method” to N‐glycome analysis of low‐milligram amounts of material
Authors: Rendić Dubravko , Wilson Iain B. H. , Lubec Gert , Gutternigg Martin , Altmann Friedrich , Léonard Renaud 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProtein N‐glycosylation is a post‐translational modification which plays numerous crucial physiological roles. The N‐glycan pattern varies depending on the species organs, tissues and even cell types and their respective physiological states. Obtaining enough starting material from a particular cell type or tissue for N‐glycan purification by conventional methods can, in certain cases, be very difficult. Previously, a sensitive technique, the “in‐gel release method” that allows the determination of N‐glycans attached to a protein isolated by SDS‐PAGE, has been developed in this and other laboratories. Here, we describe the adaptation of this method to obtain information on the N‐glycome from minute amounts of tissue. The starting material, ranging from less than a milligram to a few milligrams of fresh tissue, is directly ground in Laemmli sample buffer and subject briefly to discontinuous Tris–glycine–SDS‐PAGE. The Coomassie‐stained band containing the majority of the proteins is subject to the “in‐gel release method”. The developed technique was used to analyze N‐glycan patterns of different samples from Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichoplusia ni, Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Mus musculus. Furthermore, the technique was used to determine the effects of transient small‐scale RNAi‐mediated knock‐down of a glycosylation‐related gene in Drosophila Schneider 2 cell line.
Detection of novel NF1 mutations and rapid mutation prescreening with Pyrosequencing
Authors: Brinckmann Anja , Mischung Claudia , Bässmann Ingelore , Kühnisch Jirko , Schuelke Markus , Tinschert Sigrid , Nürnberg Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the neurofibromin (NF1) gene. Mutation analysis of NF1 is complicated by its large size, the lack of mutation hotspots, pseudogenes and frequent de novo mutations. Additionally, the search for NF1 mutations on the mRNA level is often hampered by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) of the mutant allele. In this study we searched for mutations in a cohort of 38 patients and investigated the relationship between mutation type and allele‐specific transcription from the wild‐type versus mutant alleles. Quantification of relative mRNA transcript numbers was done by Pyrosequencing, a novel real‐time sequencing method whose signals can be quantified very accurately. We identified 21 novel mutations comprising various mutation types. Pyrosequencing detected a definite relationship between allelic NF1 transcript imbalance due to NMD and mutation type in 24 of 29 patients who all carried frame‐shift or nonsense mutations. NMD was absent in 5 patients with missense and silent mutations, as well as in 4 patients with splice‐site mutations that did not disrupt the reading frame. Pyrosequencing was capable of detecting NMD even when the effects were only moderate. Diagnostic laboratories could thus exploit this effect for rapid prescreening for NF1 mutations as more than 60% of the mutations in this gene disrupt the reading frame and are prone to NMD.
2‐D difference gel electrophoresis of the lung squamous cell carcinoma versus normal sera demonstrates consistent alterations in the levels of ten specific proteins
Authors: Dowling Paul , O'Driscoll Lorraine , Meleady Paula , Henry Michael , Roy Shunil , Ballot Jo , Moriarty Michael , Crown John , Clynes Martin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMost lung cancers are diagnosed too late for curative treatment to be possible, therefore early detection is crucial. Serum proteins are a rich source of biomarkers and have the potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for lung cancer. In order to examine differences in serum levels of specific proteins associated with human lung squamous carcinoma, immunodepletion of albumin and five other high‐abundant serum proteins followed by 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis and subsequent MS was used to generate a panel of proteins found to be differentially expressed between the cancer and normal samples. Proteins found to have increased abundance levels in squamous cell carcinoma sera compared to normal sera included apolipoprotein A‐IV precursor, chain F; human complement component C3c, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A protein precursor and Ras‐related protein Rab‐7b. Proteins found to have lower abundance levels in squamous cell carcinoma sera compared to normal sera included alpha‐2‐HS glycoprotein, hemopexin precursor, proapolipoprotein, antithrombin III and SP40; 40. The data presented here demonstrate that high‐abundant protein removal combined with 2‐D DIGE is a powerful strategy for the discovery of potential biomarkers. The identification of lung cancer‐specific biomarkers is crucial to early detection, which in turn could lead to a dramatic increase in survival rates.
Higher risk of hepatitis C virus perinatal transmission from drug user mothers is mediated by peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection
Authors: Azzari Chiara , Moriondo Maria , Indolfi Giuseppe , Betti Letizia , Gambineri Eleonora , de Martino Maurizio , Resti Massimo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMaternal injection drug use and peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection by hepatitis C virus are important risk factors for perinatal transmission of the virus. The aim of present study was to evaluate the independent association of these two factors on perinatal transmission. Forty‐eight consecutive mothers who transmitted infection to their offspring and 122 consecutive mothers who did not, together with their children, were examined. Both maternal injection drug use and peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection were significantly more frequent in infected than in uninfected children (respectively P = 0.04; odds ratio 2.33, 95% confidence intervals 1.02–5.42 and P < 10−6; odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals not calculable due to zero values). Multivariate analysis confirmed the link between maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection and perinatal transmission (P < 10−6; odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals not calculable due to zero values) but no association was found with maternal injection drug use. The high risk of perinatal transmission found in injection drug use mothers is dependent on maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection by hepatitis C virus. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection represents one of the most important risk factors for hepatitis C virus perinatal transmission. J. Med. Virol. 80:65–71, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrovirus detection in sporadic cases of diarrhea among hospitalized and non‐hospitalized children in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2004
Authors: Soares Caroline Cordeiro , Albuquerque Maria Carolina Maciel de , Maranhão Adriana Gonçalves , Rocha Ludmila Nascimento , Ramírez María Liz Gamarra , Benati Fabricio J. , Carmo Timenetsky Maria do , Santos Norma 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe analyzed 379 stool samples collected from January 1998 through December 2004, from hospitalized and non‐hospitalized children with diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These samples had prior negative results for other enteric viruses and bacterial pathogens. The specimens were analyzed for HAstV detection by RT‐PCR. HAstV genotypes were determined by sequence analysis of the RT‐PCR products. Twenty (5.3%) out of 379 samples were positive for astrovirus. Astrovirus was equally common among inpatients and outpatients and among different age groups. Of 20 HAstV‐infected children, 13 (65%) were either hospitalized or received medical care in the emergence department, which suggests that they had a more severe illness. Only 7 (35%) of the 20 HAstV‐infected children attended walk‐in clinics, which suggests that they had mild disease. Other then diarrhea, fever was the most common symptom among the HAstV‐positive patients, followed by vomit and bloody diarrhea. HAstV‐1 was the predominant strain although genotypes 2 and 4 were also found. There was no obvious difference among HAstV strains detected from inpatients or outpatients or among different age groups. The study documented that astrovirus is an agent of acute diarrhea in children who are inpatients or outpatients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil although it seems to be less common as a single cause of childhood diarrhea then rotavirus. J. Med. Virol. 80:113–117, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vibrational study of auto‐assembling oligopeptides for biomedical applications
Authors: Tinti A. , Di Foggia M. , Taddei P. , Torreggiani A. , Dettin M. , Fagnano C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEight alternating polar/non‐polar peptides derived from β‐sheet EAK‐16 were studied for their possible use as biomimetic materials, due to their self‐assembling properties. IR and Raman spectroscopies were used to investigate the influence of the sequence on the prevailing conformation of the peptide and its changes after solubilisation in saline phosphate buffer and lyophilisation.As regards the as‐synthesised peptides, acidic substitution (Glu → Asp, peptide 2), basic substitution (Lys → Orn, peptide 3), (Glu → Asp and Lys → Orn, peptide 4) and spacer substitution (Ala → Abu, peptide 5; Ala → Tyr, peptide 6) did not induce significant conformational changes with respect to EAK‐16 (peptide 1); the prevailing structure was β‐sheet (about 70%), with about 15% of β‐turn, 10% of unordered structure and a minor α‐helix content. The insertion at the N‐terminus of the Arg‐Gly‐Asp sequence (peptide 7), important for cell adhesion, induced a decrease in the β‐sheet content (50%), while the simultaneous ‘scrambling’ of the sequence (peptide 8) made α‐helix the prevailing structure.Solubilisation/lyophilisation procedures generally induced a change towards a less ordered conformation in all the analysed peptides. However, for peptides 1–7, the prevailing conformation remained β‐sheet. Peptide 8 was prevalently unordered with a lower β‐sheet content. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine analysis by direct injection of human plasma in a column switching liquid chromatographic system
Authors: Santos‐Neto Alvaro J. , Fernandes Christian , Rodrigues José C. , Alves Claudete , Lanças Fernando M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA column switching LC method is presented for the analysis of fluoxetine (FLU) and norfluoxetine (NFLU) by direct injection of human plasma using a lab‐made restricted access media (RAM) column. A RAM‐BSA‐octadecyl silica (C‐18) column (40 mm×4.6 mm, 10 μm) is evaluated in both backflush and foreflush elution modes and coupled with a C‐18 lab‐made (50 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm) analytical column in order to perform online sample preparation. Direct injection of 100 μL of plasma samples is possible with the developed approach. In addition, reduction of sample handling is obtained when compared with traditional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and SPE. The total analysis time is around 20 min. A LOQ of 15 ng/mL is achieved in a concentration range of 15–500 ng/mL, allowing the therapeutic drug monitoring of clinical samples. The precision values achieved are lower than 15% for all the evaluated points with adequate recovery and accuracy. Furthermore, no matrix interferences are found in the analysis and the proposed method shows to be an adequate alternative for analysis of FLU in plasma.
Sensitive determination of aliphatic amines by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a new fluorogenic probe 3‐(4‐fluorinebenzoyl)‐2‐quinoline carboxaldehyde
Authors: Zhang Niu , Zhao Yun‐Zhi , Zhang Hua‐Shan , Wang Hong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new fluorogenic reagent 3‐(4‐fluorinebenzoyl)‐2‐quinoline carboxaldehyde (FBQCA) has been synthesized and used as a derivatizing reagent for the determination of aliphatic amines with HPLC. The reagent is nonfluorescent, but forms highly fluorescent isoindole upon the reaction with primary amines in alkaline medium. Eleven amine derivatives were baseline separated in 8 min using a gradient elution on a C8 column and detected with fluorescence detection at λex/λem = 480/546 nm. The detection limits were in the range of 0.5–2 nM (S/N = 3). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of aliphatic amines in food and environmental samples, including white wine, soybean oil, soil, and tap water with satisfactory recoveries in the range of 94–106%.
Chronic lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children
Authors: Zar Heather J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe development of chronic lung disease is common in HIV‐infected children. The spectrum of chronic HIV‐associated lung disease includes lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), chronic infections, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), bronchiectasis, malignancies, and interstitial pneumonitis. Chronic lung disease may result from recurrent or persistent pneumonia due to bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal or mixed infections. In high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence areas, M. tuberculosis is an important cause of chronic respiratory illness. With increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for children in developing countries, a rise in the incidence of IRIS due to mycobacterial or other infections is being reported. Diagnosis of chronic lung disease is based on chronic symptoms and persistent chest X‐ray changes but definitive diagnosis can be difficult as clinical and radiological findings may be non‐specific. Distinguishing LIP from miliary TB remains a difficult challenge in HIV‐infected children living in high TB prevalence areas. Treatment includes therapy for specific infections, pulmonary clearance techniques, corticosteroids for children with LIP who are hypoxic or who have airway compression from tuberculous nodes and HAART. Children who are taking TB therapy and HAART need adjustments in their drug regimes to minimize drug interactions and ensure efficacy. Preventative strategies include immunization, chemoprophylaxis, and micronutrient supplementation. Early use of HAART may prevent the development of chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1–10. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.