bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional types of long trichoid sensilla responding to sex pheromone components in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Li Xiao‐Fei , Qie Xing‐Tao , Mo Bao‐Tong , Wang Cai‐Feng , Xing Zeng‐Hua , Zhao Jin‐Yu , Wang Chen‐Zhu , Hao Chi , Ma Li , Yan Xi‐Zhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSex pheromones, which consist of multiple components in specific ratios promote intraspecific sexual communications of insects. Plutella xylostella (L.) is a worldwide pest of cruciferous vegetables, the mating behavior of which is highly dependent on its olfactory system. Long trichoid sensilla on male antennae are the main olfactory sensilla that can sense sex pheromones. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 3 sex pheromone components from sex pheromone gland secretions of P. xylostella female adults were identified as Z11‐16:Ald, Z11‐16:Ac, and Z11‐16:OH in a ratio of 9.4 : 100 : 17 using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection. Electrophysiological responses of 581 and 385 long trichoid sensilla of male adults and female adults, respectively, to the 3 components were measured by single sensillum recording. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the long trichoid sensilla were of 6 different types. In the male antennae, 52.32%, 5.51%, and 1.89% of the sensilla responded to Z11‐16:Ald, Z11‐16:Ac, and Z11‐16:OH, which are named as A type, B type, and C type sensilla, respectively; 2.93% named as D type sensilla responded to both Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:Ac, and 0.34% named as E type sensilla were sensitive to both Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:OH. In the female antennae, only 7.53% of long trichoid sensilla responded to the sex pheromone components, A type sensilla were 3.64%, B type and C type sensilla were both 0.52%, D type sensilla were 1.30%, and 1.56% of the sensilla responded to all 3 components, which were named as F type sensilla. The responding long trichoid sensilla were located from the base to the terminal of the male antennae and from the base to the middle of the female antennae. The pheromone mixture (Z11‐16:Ald : Z11‐16:Ac : Z11‐16:OH = 9.4 : 100 : 17) had a weakly repellent effect on female adults of P. xylostella. Our results lay the foundation for further studies on sex pheromone communications in P. xylostella.
Isolation, opportunity, and the ‘third place’: The experiences of Timorese seasonal workers in Australia
Authors: Wu Annie Yuan Cih , Vamos George , Rose Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganised, temporary labour migration from the Global South to wealthier countries is a growing and sometimes problematic phenomenon. This article considers Timorese involvement in the Australian Seasonal Workers Program (SWP) in relation to this trend. Drawing primarily on semi‐structured interviews and participant observation undertaken among an interconnected group of 50 Timorese seasonal workers across Australia and Timor‐Leste between 2016 and 2021, we found that geographical and social isolation and limited leisure all proved challenges while working in Australia. In some cases, it appears that the workers were able to lean upon their own social networks and local churches as a way to mitigate these challenges. We argue that, in considering the welfare of workers in temporary migration programs such as the SWP, it is important to be aware of the role played by informal groups that are formally outside the scheme itself.
Empirically contrasting urine drug screening‐based opioid use disorder treatment outcome definitions
Authors: Brandt Laura , Odom Gabriel J. , Hu Mei‐Chen , Castro Clinton , Balise Raymond R. ,   the CTN‐0094 Team
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsA lack of consensus on the optimal outcome measures to assess opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment efficacy and their precise definition and computation has hampered the pooling of research data for evidence synthesis and meta‐analyses. This study aimed to empirically contrast multiple clinical trial definitions of treatment success by applying them to the same dataset.MethodsData analysis used a suite of functions, developed as a software package for the R language, to operationalize 61 treatment outcome definitions based on urine drug screening (UDS) results. Outcome definitions were derived from clinical trials that are among the most influential in the OUD treatment field. Outcome functions were applied to a harmonized dataset from three large‐scale National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) studies, which tested various medication for OUD (MOUD) options (n = 2492). Hierarchical clustering was employed to empirically contrast outcome definitions.ResultsThe optimal number of clusters identified was three. Cluster 1, comprising eight definitions focused on detecting opioid‐positive UDS, did not include missing UDS in outcome calculations, potentially resulting in inflated rates of treatment success. Cluster 2, with the highest variability, included 10 definitions characterized by strict criteria for treatment success, relying heavily on UDS results from either a brief period or a single study visit. The 43 definitions in Cluster 3 represented a diverse range of outcomes, conceptualized as measuring abstinence, use reduction and relapse. These definitions potentially offer more balanced measures of treatment success or failure, as they avoid the extreme methodologies characteristic of Clusters 1 and 2.ConclusionsClinical trials using urine drug screening (UDS) for objective substance use assessment in outcome definitions should consider (1) incorporating missing UDS data in outcome computation and (2) avoiding over‐reliance on UDS data confined to a short time frame or the occurrence of a single positive urine test following a period of abstinence.
Patient, surgical and hospital factors predicting actual first‐day mobilisation after hip fracture surgery: An observational cohort study
Authors: Woodcroft‐Brown Victoria , Bell Jack , Pulle Chrysanth Ranjeev , Mitchell Rebecca , Close Jacqueline , McDougall Catherine , Hurring Sarah , Sarkies Mitchell 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo examine patient, surgical and hospital factors associated with Day‐1 postoperative mobility after hip fracture surgery in older adults.MethodsA cohort study using Australia and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry was conducted. Participants were aged older than 50 years and underwent hip fracture surgery between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 inclusive. The outcome was standing and step transferring out of bed onto a chair and/or walking Day‐1 after hip fracture surgery.ResultsMean age was 82 years and 68% were women. Of 12,318 patients with hip fracture, 5981 (49%) actually mobilised Day‐1. Odds of actual first‐day mobilisation were lower for individuals usually walking with either stick or crutch (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.62–0.82) or two aids or frame (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.52–0.64) or wheelchair/bed bound (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.17–0.33); who had impaired cognition preadmission (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.51–0.64); from aged care facilities (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.52–0.67); had an American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade 2 (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.97), 3 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20–0.47) or 4 or 5 (OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.14–0.32); surgery delay >48 h (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.91); and restricted/non‐weight‐bearing status immediately postoperatively (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.42–0.67).ConclusionsBoth non‐modifiable and modifiable patient and surgical factors influence first‐day mobilisation after hip fracture surgery. Reducing time to surgery might assist future quality improvement efforts to increase Day‐1 postoperative mobility.
Risk stratification in multiple myeloma: Are we there yet?
Authors: Mohan Meera , Schinke Carolina 
Published: April 2024

The second revision of international staging system (R2‐ISS) shows promise in patients with multiple myeloma treated with a regimen of novel agent‐based induction therapy, autologous stem cell transplant and maintenance therapy, but challenges persist. This study by Alzahrani et al. underscores the importance of refining risk assessment tools for tailored treatment strategies.Commentary on: Alzahrani et al. Impact of revised international staging system 2 (R2‐ISS) risk stratification on outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1944‐1952.
Comparison of adjustment to a temporary or permanent ostomy using the OAI‐23
Authors: Whiteley Ian , Randall Susan , Fetheny Judith , Stanaway Fiona 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to compare adjustment between those with a new temporary or permanent ostomy in a cohort of Australian adults.MethodThis is a multicentre, longitudinal observational study. Ostomy adjustment was measured using the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory (OAI‐23) at six possible time points ending at 9 months postsurgery or at the time of ostomy closure in those with a temporary stoma. The OAI‐23 includes four domains: anger, acceptance, anxious preoccupation and social engagement.ResultsEligibility criteria were met by 1230 patients, with 849 (69%) recruited and consented. Of these, 108 were excluded as their surgery did not result in the formation of an ostomy and a further 41 were excluded due to there being no data on ostomy type (temporary or permanent). This left a study population of 700, of whom 397 had a temporary and 303 a permanent ostomy. Only small differences were observed between the temporary and permanent ostomy groups at most time points within the four OAI‐23 domains. There were no statistically significant differences found beyond 2 weeks postdischarge and the differences were of small size. While no difference was found between the groups in the domain of anxious preoccupation, both groups demonstrated an increase in anxious preoccupation over time. Neither group regained their presurgery confidence to attend social engagements.ConclusionWe found only minor differences in adjustment in those with a new temporary ostomy compared with a new permanent ostomy. Both groups demonstrated increasing anxious preoccupation and problems with social engagement. This suggests that access to education, training and support should be equitable between these two groups in clinical practice, and needs to incorporate a focus on psychological as well as physical outcomes.
Preschoolers benefit from sentential context in familiar‐ and unfamiliar‐accented speech
Authors: Atik Naz Deniz , LaTourrette Alexander , Waxman Sandra R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo learn the meaning of a new word, or to recognize the meaning of a known one, both children and adults benefit from surrounding words, or the sentential context. Most of the evidence from children is based on their accuracy and efficiency when listening to speech in their familiar native accent: they successfully use the words they know to identify other words’ referents. Here, we assess how accurately and efficiently 4‐year‐old children use sentential context to identify referents of known and novel nouns in unfamiliar‐accented speech, as compared to familiar‐accented speech. In a looking‐while‐listening task, children showed considerable success in processing unfamiliar‐accented speech. Children robustly mapped known nouns produced in an unfamiliar accent to their target referents rather than novel competitors, and they used informative surrounding verbs (e.g., “You can eat the dax”) to identify the referents of both known and novel nouns—although there was a processing cost for unfamiliar‐accented speech in some cases. This demonstrates that 4‐year‐olds successfully and rapidly process unfamiliar‐accented speech by recruiting the same strategies available to them in familiar‐accented speech, revealing impressive flexibility in word recognition and word learning across diverse linguistic environments.Research Highlights
We examined 4‐year‐old children's accuracy and processing efficiency in comprehending known and novel nouns embedded in sentences produced in familiar‐accented or unfamiliar‐accented speech.
Children showed limited processing costs for unfamiliar‐accented speech and mapped known words to their referents even when these were produced in unfamiliar‐accented speech.
Children used known verbs to predict the referents of upcoming nouns in both familiar‐ and unfamiliar‐accented speech, but processing costs were evident for unfamiliar‐accented speech.
Thus, the strategies that support children's word comprehension and word learning in familiar‐accented speech are available to them in unfamiliar accents as well.
Time trends and regional variation in utilization of antidiabetic medicines in China, 2015–2022
Authors: Zhang Jieqiong , Xu Sen , Liu Xingyu , Zhang Jinwei , Hu Shuchen , Liu Xiaoyong , Yang Caijun , Fang Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the use of non‐insulin antidiabetic medicines in China.Materials and MethodsWe analysed the national procurement data for 29 non‐insulin antidiabetic medicines from nine subgroups in China from 2015 to 2022. We estimated the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) procured per year in seven regions of China for nine subgroups and adjusted the data by the number of patients with diabetes. For each subgroup, the regional ratio was calculated by comparing the procurement per patient in each region with the procurement nationwide. The regional disparity was the difference between the highest and lowest regional ratios. We compared the medication patterns across regions.ResultsNationally, between 2015 and 2022, the number of DDDs per patient increased from 14.45 to 47.37. The two most commonly used categories were sulphonylurea and biguanides, which increased from 7.04 to 15.39 (119%) and 3.28 to 11.11 (239%) DDDs per patient, respectively. The procurement of new drugs (dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists) increased quickly and had >5000% relative changes. Particularly for sodium‐glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, it increased from 0.08 to 5.03 DDDs (6662%). The southwest region had the highest relative change (319%), while the southern region had the lowest (118%). Biguanide and thiazolidinediones had the lowest (1.19) and highest level (2.21) of regional disparity in 2022, respectively.ConclusionThe procurement of non‐insulin antidiabetic medicines in China has increased a lot from 2015 to 2022. In terms of DDDs per patient, sulphonylurea ranked first, followed by metformin. The procurement of new drugs increased greatly. A large regional disparity existed in medicine usage and patterns.
Smoking timing, genetic susceptibility and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Hu Ying , Li Xiang , Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Zhou Jian , Tang Rui , Kou Minghao , Heianza Yoriko , Liang Zhaoxia , Qi Lu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo prospectively assess the association of smoking timing with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and examine whether smoking amount or genetic susceptibility might modify the relationship.Materials and MethodsA total of 294 815 participants without diabetes from the UK Biobank, including non‐smokers and smokers with data on the time from waking to first cigarette, were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between smoking timing and the risk of incident T2D.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up time of 12 years, a total of 9937 incident cases of T2D were documented. Compared with non‐smokers, a shorter time from waking to first cigarette was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D (P for trend < .001). In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) associated with smoking timing were 1.46 (1.17–1.81) for more than 2 hours, 1.51 (1.21–1.87) for 1–2 hours, 1.58 (1.34–1.85) for 30–60 minutes, 1.86 (1.57–2.21) for 5–15 minutes and 2.01 (1.60–2.54) for less than 5 minutes. We found that even among those who reported being light smokers, those with the shortest time from waking to first cigarette had a 105% higher risk of T2D with an HR of 2.05 (1.52–2.76), which was comparable with heavy smokers. The genetic risk score for T2D did not modify this association (P‐interaction = .51).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that shorter time from waking to first cigarette is significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D.
Nominal wage patterns, monopsony, and labour market power in early modern England
Authors: Paker Meredith M. , Stephenson Judy Z. , Wallis Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecords of long‐eighteenth‐century English wage rates exhibit almost absolute nominal rigidity over many decades, alongside significant dispersion between the wages paid by different organizations for the same type of work in the same location. These features of preindustrial wages have been obscured by data aggregation and the construction of real wage series, which introduce variation. In this paper, we argue that the standard explanations for wage rigidity in economic history are insufficient. We show econometric evidence for monopsony power in one major organization and argue that the main historical wage series are also affected by employer power. Eighteenth‐century England had an imperfectly competitive labour market with large frictions. This gave large organizations the power to set wage policies. We discuss the implications for the eighteenth‐century British economy and research into long‐run wages more generally.
School middle leaders' transformational leadership and organizational resilience: The moderating role of academic emphasis
Authors: Zadok Ayala , Benoliel Pascale , Schechter Chen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines how teachers' perceptions of academic emphasis moderate the relationship between their middle leaders' transformational leadership and organizational resilience subdimensions (principal organizational resilience and faculty organizational resilience). Academic emphasis in schools prioritizes academic excellence in teaching and is crucial in evaluating school effectiveness. The study used a two‐source survey design with self‐report data from 609 participants in 103 secondary schools in Israel. The results indicate that academic emphasis moderates the relationship between transformational leadership's sub‐dimensions (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation) and principal organizational resilience but not faculty organizational resilience. The findings suggest that middle leaders can create a positive academic emphasis to optimize their transformational leadership's effects on organizational resilience. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Effects of build direction and microstructure on fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti6Al4V fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Xie Peidong , Xie Deqiao , Zhou Kai , Gu Xuwen , Naqvi Syed Mesum Raza , Shen Lida , Tian Zongjun , Zhao Jianfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study compares the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of Ti6Al4V parts fabricated by laser powder bed melting (LPBF) with four build directions (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) and two heat treatments and analyzed the effect of build direction and microstructure on FCG. The results show that the build direction has a significant effect on the FCG rate. Particularly, specimens with 90° build direction have the best FCG resistance while the 0° specimens have the worst. Furthermore, the fragile deposition layer boundary is the main cause of the crack deflection. The microstructure shows that the columnar β grains have less effect on FCG. The increase in resistance to FCG after heat treatment is attributed to the lath‐like α grains consuming the energy for FCG. As compared to needle‐like α′ grains, the lath‐like α grains are more likely to initiate intergranular fracture and secondary cracking, leading to rugged crack tip paths.
Driving transformation in higher education: Exploring the process and impact of educational innovations for sustainability through interdisciplinary studies
Authors: Baroudi Sandra , ElSayary Areej 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing focus on innovation research, particularly in the manufacturing and information technology sectors in the US and Europe. However, the disruptions caused by the recent pandemic called for more innovations, especially in the education industry. Innovation is viewed as an outcome of a set of various drivers. This study explored faculty perspectives on the drivers of innovation that can transform the curriculum into an interdisciplinary model to promote sustainability in education. Additionally, it examined the relationship between these drivers and the outcome of innovation, particularly at the process level. An explanatory sequential mixed‐method approach was employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a purposeful sample of 60 faculty members at one federal higher education institution in the United Arab Emirates. Findings indicated that while there is a correlation between the drivers and process of innovation and sustainability in education, other factors played a more significant role in facilitating this transformation. Empowering faculty members and involving them in the process of transformation, connecting them with the institutional vision and mission for innovation, fostering a clear understanding of the value of the transformation, providing faculty with continuous professional learning and development opportunities to promote the use of innovative pedagogical methods, are among the key factors.
Assessing the impact of an online dementia awareness initiative co‐created with and for English, Arabic and Vietnamese speaking communities: A case study
Authors: Ali Yousra , Caballero Gabriela E. , Shatnawi Eman , Dadich Ann , Steiner‐Lim Genevieve Z. , Alliance Canterbury Bankstown Dementia , DiGiacomo Michelle , Karamacoska Diana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAwareness and understanding of dementia remain limited in ethnically diverse populations in multicultural societies due to culturally inappropriate and inaccessible information.ObjectiveTo establish the impact, helpers and hinderers of an online multilingual dementia awareness initiative co‐created with and for English, Arabic and Vietnamese speaking people.DesignA case study using mixed methods to assess the impact and implementation of an information session on dementia knowledge.Setting and ParticipantsThe study was conducted with English, Arabic and Vietnamese speaking individuals in Canterbury‐Bankstown, Australia.Intervention StudiedA dementia alliance co‐created an online multilingual dementia information session, which was delivered synchronously in English, Arabic and Vietnamese by trained facilitators.Main Outcome MeasuresIn‐session group discussions, quizzes and a postsession survey assessed the impact on dementia knowledge. A postimplementation focus group explored the factors that helped and hindered the initiative.ResultsThe online dementia information session successfully supported participants understanding of dementia causes, impacts and care strategies. The initiative was hindered by competing priorities and limited accessibility to target audiences, while it was helped by the support of an established organisation and feedback mechanisms.DiscussionOngoing dementia education and awareness‐raising campaigns that are culturally sensitive are needed in communities to promote dementia literacy and help‐seeking.ConclusionsAn online multilingual dementia information session can be an effective way to improve dementia literacy and advocate for change in multicultural communities.Patient or Public ContributionEnglish, Arabic and Vietnamese speaking members of the Canterbury Bankstown Dementia Alliance participated in the co‐creation and evaluation of this initiative.