bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Secrete Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha In Vitro
Authors: Yongchaitrakul Tussanee , Lertsirirangson Kanokporn , Pavasant Prasit 
Published: May 2006

Background: Human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells may support osteoclastogenesis by expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) in response to periopathogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. Because osteoclastogenesis requires the presence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), we examined whether HPDL cells secrete M‐CSF in response to tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α).Methods: Cultured HPDL cells were treated with TNF‐α in serum‐free condition. The expression of M‐CSF and RANKL was determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Inhibitors and anti‐TNF receptor (TNFR) neutralizing antibodies were used for the inhibitory experiments. A migration assay was performed.Results: TNF‐α upregulated M‐CSF and RANKL in HPDL cells. The effect on M‐CSF expression could be partially blocked by pyrrolidine‐dithiocarbamate ammonium salt and LY294002 but not by NS398. Neutralizing antibody to TNFR1 could diminish the effect of TNF‐α. In addition, TNF‐treated culture medium exhibited chemotactic effect for RAW264.7.Conclusions: HPDL cells are capable of secreting M‐CSF and expressing RANKL in response to TNF‐α. The upregulation of M‐CSF is possibly one of the mechanisms essential for periodontal tissue destruction in response to inflammatory cytokines. The upregulation is partly through nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase and possibly involves TNFR1.
Race/Ethnicity and Women’s Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Kronenberg Fredi , Cushman Linda F. , Wade Christine M. , Kalmuss Debra , Chao Maria T. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We studied the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among women in 4 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Chinese Americans. Methods. We obtained a nationally representative sample of women aged 18 years and older living in the United States in 2001. Oversampling obtained 800 interviews in each group, resulting in a sample of 3068 women. Results. Between one third and one half of the members of all groups reported using at least 1 CAM modality in the year preceding the survey. In bivariate analyses, overall CAM use among Whites surpassed that of other groups; however, when CAM use was adjusted for socioeconomic factors, use by Whites and Mexican Americans were equivalent. Despite the socioeconomic disadvantage of African American women, socioeconomic factors did not account for differences in CAM use between Whites and African Americans. Conclusions. CAM use among racial/ethnic groups is complex and nuanced. Patterns of CAM use domains differ among groups, and multivariate models of CAM use indicate that ethnicity plays an independent role in the use of CAM modalities, the use of CAM practitioners, and the health problems for which CAM is used.
The Garden of Eden: Acknowledging the Impact of Race and Class in Efforts to Decrease Obesity Rates
Authors: Baker Elizabeth A. , Kelly Cheryl , Barnidge Ellen , Strayhorn Jennifer , Schootman Mario , Struthers Jim , Griffith Deidre 
Published: May 2006

Geographic assessments indicate that the selection of produce in local supermarkets varies by both area-level income and racial composition. These differences make it particularly difficult for low-income African American families to make healthy dietary choices. The Garden of Eden produce market was created to improve access to high-quality, affordable produce for these communities. The Garden of Eden is housed in a church in an economically depressed African American community in St Louis, Mo, that has less access to fresh produce than surrounding communities. All staff are from the community and are paid a living wage. The market is run with an eye toward sustainability, with partners from academia, a local faith-based community organization, businesses, and community members collaborating to make all program decisions.
In Defense of the Randomized Controlled Trial for Health Promotion Research
Authors: Rosen Laura , Manor Orly , Engelhard Dan , Zucker David 
Published: May 2006

The overwhelming evidence about the role lifestyle plays in mortality, morbidity, and quality of life has pushed the young field of modern health promotion to center stage. The field is beset with intense debate about appropriate evaluation methodologies. Increasingly, randomized designs are considered inappropriate for health promotion research. We have reviewed criticisms against randomized trials that raise philosophical and practical issues, and we will show how most of these criticisms can be overcome with minor design modifications. By providing rebuttal to arguments against randomized trials, our work contributes to building a sound methodological base for health promotion research.
CD40 ligation of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts regulates RANKL‐medicated osteoclastogenesis: Evidence of NF‐κB–dependent, CD40‐mediated bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lee Hak‐Yong , Jeon Hyun‐Soon , Song Eun‐Kyung , Han Myung‐Kwan , Park Sung‐Il , Lee Sang‐Il , Yun Hee‐Jin , Kim Jung‐Ryul , Kim Jong‐Suk , Lee Yong‐Chul , Kim Sung‐Il , Kim Hang‐Rae , Choi Jin‐Young , Kang Insoo , Kim Ho‐Youn , Yoo Wan‐Hee 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether CD40 ligation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) is able to induce RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis in RASFs, and to identify its mechanism of action in patients with RA.MethodsCD40 of RASFs was ligated with CD40 ligand (CD40L)–transfected L cells or activated T cells. The formation of osteoclasts in cocultures of CD40‐ligated RASFs and T lymphocyte–depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, detection of calcitonin receptor, and resorption pit formation assay. The expression of NF‐κB, IκBα, ERK‐1/2, phospho‐ERK‐1/2, p38, phospho‐p38, and RANKL was examined by immunoblotting and/or semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCD40 ligation of RASFs by CD40L‐transfected L cells or activated T cells induced RANKL expression and enhanced osteoclastogenesis. CD40 ligation of RASFs also induced activation of ERK‐1/2, p38 MAPK, and NF‐κB and up‐regulation of CD40 ligation–induced RANKL expression, whereas osteoclastogenesis was reduced in RASFs transfected with a dominant‐negative mutant of IκBα or by an NF‐κB inhibitor. However, specific inhibitors of MAPK/ERK‐1/2 and p38 MAPK partially blocked the induction of RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis. Monoclonal antibodies against interleukin‐1 and tumor necrosis factor α partially inhibited CD40 ligation–mediated osteoclastogenesis.ConclusionThese results indicate that CD40 ligation of RASFs induces RANKL expression mainly via NF‐κB activation and also results in enhanced osteoclast formation, both of which might play important roles in bone and cartilage destruction in RA. Inhibition of the CD40–CD40L interaction is a potential strategy for the prevention of bone damage in RA.
Effects of vibration and hyaluronic acid on activation of three‐dimensional cultured chondrocytes
Authors: Takeuchi Ryohei , Saito Tomoyuki , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Takigami Hidetake , Dezawa Mari , Ide Chizuka , Itokazu Yutaka , Ikeda Mitsugu , Shiraishi Toshihiko , Morishita Shin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of vibration (Vib) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on 3‐dimensional cultured cartilage.MethodsChondrocytes were obtained from metatarsophalangeal joints of freshly killed 6‐month‐old pigs. Twenty‐four–well plates containing type I collagen sponge disks were used to culture samples. The frequency and the amplitude of the vibration of the well plate were 100 Hz and 0.5 nm, respectively. We produced 3‐dimensional cartilage tissue using HA and vibration with collagen sponge as a carrier. Four different culture conditions were examined: a control HA−Vib− group, an HA−Vib+ group, an HA+Vib− group, and an HA+Vib+ group. Each group was cultured for 2 weeks. After culture days 3, 7, 10, and 14 (every 3.5 days), the levels of chondroitin 4‐sulfate (C4S) and chondroitin 6‐sulfate (C6S) isomers synthesized in each culture medium were measured. Histologic analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and electron microscopic examination were performed.ResultsMean C4S and C6S synthesis had increased rapidly after 7 days of culture and continued to increase thereafter. There were significant differences among the 4 groups (P < 0.01). Synthesis of both C4S and C6S was most abundant in the HA+Vib+ group and the lowest in the HA−Vib− group. After 1 and 2 weeks of culture, the chondrocytes had formed stratified structures on the collagen sponges in all groups, although the thickest structure was observed in the HA+Vib+ group and the thinnest in the HA−Vib− group. Under immunofluorescence, the HA+Vib+ group exhibited the strongest chromatic features. Under electron microscopy, the chondrocytes in the HA+Vib+ group exhibited many long and slender prominences on their surface, and extracellular substance could be observed associated with the cells.ConclusionOur results indicate that the combination of vibration and HA activates the production of proteoglycan in 3‐dimensional cultured chondrocytes and stimulates MAPK and β‐catenin. This suggests that some mechanoreceptors for vibration exist on the plasma membrane of chondrocytes and activate the intracellular signal transduction system.
Combination immunotherapy with prostatic acid phosphatase pulsed antigen‐presenting cells (provenge) plus bevacizumab in patients with serologic progression of prostate cancer after definitive local therapy
Authors: Rini Brian I. , Weinberg Vivian , Fong Lawrence , Conry Shauna , Hershberg Robert M. , Small Eric J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAPC8015 (sipuleucel‐T) is a cellular prostate cancer vaccine containing autologous antigen‐presenting cells (APC) loaded with PA2024, a recombinant prostatic acid phosphatase/granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor fusion protein, as the immunogen. Bevacizumab is a recombinant antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, a proangiogenic protein with inhibitory effects on APC. A clinical trial was conducted to determine the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and immunomodulatory effects of this combination immunotherapy.METHODSPatients with androgen‐dependent prostate cancer who had received prior definitive therapy with nonmetastatic, recurrent disease as manifested by a rising PSA of between 0.4 ng/mL and 6.0 ng/mL were enrolled. APC8015 was given intravenously(i.v.) on Weeks 0, 2, and 4. Bevacizumab was given at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. on Weeks 0, 2, 4, and every 2 weeks thereafter until toxicity or disease progression. PSA changes were recorded and the PSA doubling time (PSADT) was calculated. Immune response versus PA2024 was measured at baseline and after treatment by T‐cell proliferation and interferon‐γ enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays.RESULTSTwenty‐two patients were treated. One patient achieved a ≥50% decrease in PSA. Nine patients exhibited some decrease in PSA from baseline, ranging from 6% to 72%, with the PSA of 3 patients decreasing at least 25%. The median pretreatment PSADT for the 20 evaluable patients was 6.9 months and the median posttreatment PSADT was 12.7 months (P = .01). All patients demonstrated induction of an immune response against PA2024.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of APC8015 and bevacizumab induces an immune response and modulates PSA in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Changes inD‐serine levels and localization during postnatal development of the rat vestibular nuclei
Authors: Puyal Julien , Martineau Magalie , Mothet Jean‐Pierre , Nicolas Marie‐Thérèse , Raymond Jacqueline 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe patterns of development of the vestibular nuclei (VN) and their main connections involving glutamate neurotransmission offer a good model for studying the function of the glial‐derived neuromodulatorD‐serine in synaptic plasticity. In this study we show thatD‐serine is present in the VN and we analyzed its distribution and the levels of expression of serine racemase andD‐amino acid oxidase (D‐AAO) at different stages of postnatal (P) development. From birth to P21, high levels ofD‐serine were detected in glial cells and processes in all parts of the VN. This period corresponded to high expression of serine racemase and low expression ofD‐AAO. On the other hand, in the mature VND‐serine displayed very low levels and was mainly localized in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. This drop ofD‐serine in adult stages corresponded to an increasing expression ofD‐AAO at mature stages. High levels of glialD‐serine during the first 3 weeks of postnatal development correspond to an intense period of plasticity and synaptogenesis and maturation of VN afferents, suggesting thatD‐serine could be involved in these phenomena. These results demonstrate for the first time that changes inD‐serine levels and distribution occur during postnatal development in the central nervous system. The strong decrease ofD‐serine levels and the glial‐to‐neuronal switch suggests thatD‐serine may have distinct functional roles depending on the developmental stage of the vestibular network. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:610–621, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Aframomum exscapum (Sims) hepper collected in Guadeloupe, French West Indies
Authors: de K. Martin M. A. Couppé , Joseph H. , Bercion S. , Menut C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves, stems, pulp and seeds of fruits of Aframomum exscapum (Sims) Hepper grown in Guadeloupe was investigated by GC and GC–MS. Forty‐four volatile compounds were identified, among which 1,8‐cineole was the main constituent in all parts of the plant (47–86%). These analytical data confirm that the species from Guadeloupe is not Aframomum melegueta (Rosc.) K. Schum. as initially claimed by local botanists. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thyroid cancer and employment as a radiologic technologist
Authors: Zabel Erik W. , Alexander Bruce H. , Mongin Steven J. , Doody Michele M. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Linet Martha S. , Freedman D. Michal , Hauptmann Michael , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Ron Elaine 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe association between chronic occupational ionizing radiation exposure in the medical field and thyroid cancer is not well characterized. Thyroid cancer incidence was ascertained for 2 periods in a cohort of radiologic technologists certified for a minimum 2 years and enumerated in 1983: (i) cases identified prospectively in 73,080 radiologic technologists who were free of thyroid cancer at the baseline survey and completed a second questionnaire a decade later (N = 121), and (ii) cases occurring prior to cohort enumeration among 90,245 technologists who completed the baseline survey and were thyroid cancer free 2 years after certification (N = 148). Survival analyses estimated risks associated with employment as a radiologic technologist, including duration of employment, period of employment, types of procedures and work practices. The only occupational history characteristic associated with prospectively identified thyroid cancer was a history of holding patients for X‐ray procedures at least 50 times (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.01–2.15). Total years worked as a radiologic technologist, years performing diagnostic, therapeutic, and nuclear medicine procedures, employment under age 20 and calendar period of first employment were not associated with thyroid cancer risk. Risk of thyroid cancers diagnosed before the baseline questionnaire was inversely associated with decade first employed as a technologist, and was elevated, albeit imprecisely, among those working more than 5 years prior to 1950 (HR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.01–10.78). These data provide modest evidence of an association between employment as a radiologic technologist and thyroid cancer risk; however, the findings require confirmation with more accurate exposure models. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal application of chitosan and UV‐cross‐linkable chitosan
Authors: Yeo Yoon , Burdick Jason A. , Highley Christopher B. , Marini Robert , Langer Robert , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe suitability of chitosan and UV‐cross‐linkable chitosan for intraperitoneal use, for example as a barrier device for preventing peritoneal adhesions or for drug delivery, was examined. In vitro experiments using two major cell types present in the peritoneal cavity (mesothelial cells and peritoneal macrophages) revealed neither attractive interactions between cross‐linked chitosan gels and the cells nor a proliferative effect. However, the same UV‐cross‐linked chitosan applied in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits caused a granulomatous reaction with adhesion formation within two weeks in all animals, which persisted up to 4 weeks after exposure. Unmodified chitosan also caused adhesions, while UV irradiation did not. UV‐cross‐linkable chitosan induced significant elevations in MIP‐2 and TNF‐α from peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that soluble mediators could play a role in inducing adhesion formation. These results reinforce the view that the predictive value of in vitro cytotoxicity assays in matters of biocompatibility may not be sufficient, and suggest that other assays such as cytokine levels may be of value in predicting outcomes in situations involving multiple cell types (i.e. in vivo). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Nanoindentation differentiates tissue‐scale functional properties of native articular cartilage
Authors: Li Cheng , Pruitt Lisa A. , King Karen B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCartilage mechanical properties are typically tested at the macroscale. To demonstrate the ability of nanoindentation to characterize in situ articular cartilage properties at the tissue scale, we investigated the local structure–property relationships of intact articular cartilage of a normal rabbit metacarpophalangeal joint. We calculated the mechanical parameters of stiffness, S, resistance to penetration, R, and volumetric creep strain, dV/V, from nanoindentation of the articular surface at specific regions of interest. We measured morphological parameters of superficial zone thickness, middle zone thickness, total uncalcified thickness, and cell density from corresponding regions with light and polarized light microscopy. Mechanical parameters were compared to morphological parameters. There were significant positive correlations (r = 0.98, p < 0.05) between superficial zone thickness and both S and R. However, we found no significant correlation between dV/V and the zone sizes. There were moderate, negative correlations between cell density and both S and R, suggesting an effect of cell volume on cartilage behavior at the tissue scale. We opine that the superficial zone plays important role in load support, as evidenced by correlations between zone size and intact cartilage mechanical properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Thyroid hormone metabolism and peroxidase function in two non‐chordate animals
Authors: Heyland Andreas , Price David A. , Bodnarova‐buganova Michaela , Moroz Leonid L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn mammals, thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is essential for metabolic control, differentiation and homeostasis. These hormones are also involved in the regulation of metamorphosis in amphibians and lampreys and a role in basal chordates has been suggested. Increasing evidence supports TH‐related function not only in basal chordates such as urochordates and cephalochordates but also in other invertebrate groups. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying TH function including the mechanisms of endogenous synthesis of hormones in these groups are essentially unknown. Our data provide evidence for endogenous TH synthesis in the sea hare Aplysia californica and the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus based on thin layer chromatography. Pharmacological experiments show that these hormones accelerate development to metamorphosis and specifically affect the formation of juvenile skeletal structures in the sea urchin. Furthermore, we identified two new peroxidase genes (LvTPO from L. variegatus and AcaTPO from A. californica) showing high sequence similarity with peroxidasin and thyroid peroxidases (the critical TH synthesis enzymes found in all vertebrates). Spatial and temporal expression patterns of these transcripts suggest a role of LvTPO and AcaTPO in a variety of processes such as development to metamorphosis and the regulation of the animal's energetics. We discuss our new findings in the context of evolution of TH synthesis and TH signaling in non‐chordate animals. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Eiol.) 306B, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of weakly interacting anti‐carbohydrate scFv phages using surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Åström Eva , Ohlson Sten 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMethods to characterise and confirm specificity of scFv displayed on phages are important during panning procedures, especially when selecting for antibody fragments with weak affinities in the millimole to micromole range. In this report the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was used to study and verify specificity of phages displaying weak anti‐carbohydrate scFvs. The variable immunoglobulin light (VL) and heavy (VH) chain genes of the weak monoclonal antibody 39.5 were amplified and cloned into a phagemid and displayed as a scFv‐pIII fusion protein on filamentous phage. This monoclonal antibody recognises with weak affinity the structural sequence Glcα1‐4Glc present in a variety of carbohydrate molecules. Injection of the 39.5 phages over a biosensor chip immobilised with a (Glc)4‐BSA conjugate confirmed selective binding of the scFv to its antigen. Inhibition studies verified the specificity. These results clearly show that SPR technology can be used to evaluate in terms of binding and specificity weakly interacting scFv displayed on the phage surface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.