bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved strategy for selective and efficient enrichment of integral plasma membrane proteins of mycobacteria
Authors: Mattow Jens , Siejak Frank , Hagens Kristine , Schmidt Frank , Koehler Christian , Treumann Achim , Schaible Ulrich E. , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMycobacterial plasma membrane proteins play essential roles in many cellular processes, yet their comprehensive proteomic profiling remains challenging. This is mainly due to obstacles related to their extraction and solubilization. To tackle this problem, we have developed a novel procedure to selectively enrich mycobacterial plasma membrane proteins based on alkaline sodium carbonate washing of crude membranes followed by Triton X‐114 phase partitioning. The present study assesses the efficiency of this method by proteome analysis of plasma membrane proteins from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Extracted proteins were separated in parallel by 1‐D SDS‐PAGE and 2‐DE and then analyzed by LC‐MS/MS and MALDI‐MS/MS. Our study revealed 125 proteins, of which 54 contained 1–14 predicted transmembrane domains (TMD) including nine novel proteins. The 1‐D SDS‐PAGE‐based proteome analysis identified 81 proteins, of which 49 (60.5%) harbored TMD. This approach also revealed many hydrophobic membrane‐associated/periplasmic proteins lacking TMD, but only few soluble proteins. The identified proteins were characterized with regard to biological functions and physicochemical properties providing further evidence for the high efficiency of the prefractionation method described herein.
Flame retardant epoxy resins based on diglycidyl ether of (2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)diphenyl phosphine oxide
Authors: Spontón M. , Ronda J. C. , Galià M. , Cádiz V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhosphine oxide‐containing epoxy resins were prepared from diglycidyl ether of (2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)diphenyl phosphine oxide and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A by crosslinking with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane. Several (2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)diphenyl phosphine oxide/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A molar ratios were used to obtain materials with different phosphorus content. The properties of the thermosetting materials were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and limiting oxygen index and related to the phosphorus content. Thermal and thermooxidative degradation was studied by GC/MS, 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Limiting oxygen index values indicate good flame retardant properties that are related to the formation of a protective phosphorus‐rich layer that slowed down the degradation and prevented it from being total. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2142–2151, 2007
Chemical surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers by aminolysis and grafting of carbohydrates
Authors: Bech Loïc , Meylheuc Thierry , Lepoittevin Bénédicte , Roger Philippe 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPET is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polyester used in many fields. For a variety of applications, however, it is necessary to impart desired properties by introducing specific functional groups on the surface. Aminolysis of PET fibers with diamines (1,2‐diaminoethane, 1,6‐diaminohexane, 3,6‐dioxa‐1,8‐diaminooctane, and 4,9‐dioxa‐1,12‐diaminododecane) gives amino functional groups on the surface. The effects of temperature, reaction time, diamine concentration, and solvent employed for the grafting were studied. The graft yield was observed to increase with temperature, reaction time, and diamine concentration. Aminolysis affects greatly the geometry and surface morphology of PET fibers as observed by scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy in tapping mode. A decrease of fibers diameter and an increase of surface heterogeneity and roughness due to chemical degradation is observed. Amino groups on the surface were used to prepare glycosylated fibers by reductive amination or amidation with different carbohydrates as maltose, maltotriose, and maltohexaose. The study reveals that the yield is dependent on the initial amino groups' surface concentration and the molar mass of the carbohydrate. These surfaces could benefit to a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2172–2183, 2007
The role of excess nitroxide in the SG1 (N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐[1‐diethylphosphono‐(2,2‐dimethylpropyl)] nitroxide)‐mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Mchale Ronan , Aldabbagh Fawaz , Zetterlund Per B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMethyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerizations have been conducted in the presence of large excesses of N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐[1‐diethylphosphono‐(2,2‐dimethylpropyl) nitroxide] (SG1) at 110°C. It is demonstrated that such a protocol does not improve control/livingness in the nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) of this monomer, instead substantial levels of disproportionation between the nitroxide and propagating radical (PMMA•) results. The extent of the disproportionation reaction increased with the SG1 concentration, eventually becoming the sole end forming event. Significant disproportionation between SG1 and PMMA• was also observed at substantially lower temperatures (45°C) in the presence of large excesses of SG1. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2194–2203, 2007
Atom‐transfer radical polymerization of styrene with bifunctional and monofunctional initiators: Experimental and mathematical modeling results
Authors: Al‐Harthi Mamdouh , Cheng Long Shun , Soares João B. P. , Simon Leonardo C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBulk atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene was carried out at 110 °C using benzal bromide as bifunctional initiator and 1‐bromoethyl benzene as monofunctional initiator. CuBr/2,2′‐bipyridyl was used as the ATRP catalyst. The polymerization kinetic data for styrene with both initiators was measured and compared with a mathematical model based on the method of moments and another one using Monte Carlo simulation. An empirical correlation was incorporated into the model to account for diffusion‐controlled termination reactions. Both models can predict monomer conversion, polymer molecular weight averages, and polydispersity index. In addition, the Monte Carlo model can also predict the full molecular weight distribution of the polymer. Our experimental results agree with our model predictions that bifunctional initiators can produce polymers with higher molecular weights and narrower molecular weight distributions than monofunctional initiators. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2212–2224, 2007
Correlation of tracheal smooth muscle function with structure and protein expression during early development
Authors: Cullen Aaron B. , Cooke Peter H. , Driska Steven P. , Wolfson Marla R. , Shaffer Thomas H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWith increased survival of premature infants, understanding the impact of development on airway function and structure is imperative. Airway smooth muscle plays a primary role in the modulation of airway function. The purpose of this study is to correlate the functional maturation of airway smooth muscle during the perinatal period with structural alterations at the cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular levels. Length‐tension and dose‐response analyses were performed on tracheal rings acquired from preterm and term newborn lambs. Subsequent structural analyses included isolated airway smooth muscle cell length, electron microscopy, and myosin heavy chain isoform expression measurements. Functionally the compliance, contractility, and agonist sensitivity of the tracheal rings matured during preterm to term development. Structurally, isolated cell lengths and electron microscopic ultrastructure were not significantly altered during perinatal development. However, expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms increased significantly across the age range analyzed, correlating with the maturational increase in smooth muscle contractility. In conclusion, the developmental alterations in tracheal function appear due, in part, to enhanced smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:421–432. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional consequences of exchanging domains between LacI and PurR are mediated by the intervening linker sequence
Authors: Tungtur Sudheer , Egan Susan M. , Swint‐Kruse Liskin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHomologue function can be differentiated by changing residues that affect binding sites or long‐range interactions. LacI and PurR are two proteins that represent the LacI/GalR family (>500 members) of bacterial transcription regulators. All members have distinct DNA‐binding and regulatory domains linked by ∼18 amino acids. Each homologue has specificity for different DNA and regulatory effector ligands; LacI and PurR also exhibit differences in allosteric communication between DNA and effector binding sites. A comparative study of LacI and PurR suggested that alterations in the interface between the regulatory domain and linker are important for differentiating their functions. Four residues (equivalent to LacI positions 48, 55, 58, and 61) appear particularly important for creating a unique interface and were predicted to be necessary for allosteric regulation. However, nearby residues in the linker interact with DNA ligand. Thus, differences observed in interactions between linker and regulatory domain may be the cause of altered function or an effect of the two proteins binding different DNA ligands. To separate these possibilities, we created a chimeric protein with the LacI DNA‐binding domain/linker and the PurR regulatory domain (LLhP). If the interface requires homologue‐specific interactions in order to propagate the signal from effector binding, then LLhP repression should not be allosterically regulated by effector binding. Experiments show that LLhP is capable of repression from lacO1 and, contrary to expectation, allosteric response is intact. Further, restoring the potential for PurR‐like interactions via substitutions in the LLhP linker tends to diminish repression. These effects are especially pronounced for residues 58 and 61. Clearly, binding affinity of LLhP for the lacO1 DNA site is sensitive to long‐range changes in the linker. This result also raises the possibility that mutations at positions 58 and 61 co‐evolved with changes in the DNA‐binding site. In addition, repression measured in the absence and presence of effector ligand shows that allosteric response increases for several LLhP variants with substitutions at positions 48 and 55. Thus, while side chain variation at these sites does not generally dictate the presence or absence of allostery, the nature of the amino acid can modulate the response to effector. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SVM‐Cabins: Prediction of solvent accessibility using accumulation cutoff set and support vector machine
Authors: Wang Jung‐Ying , Lee Hahn‐Ming , Ahmad Shandar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA number of methods for predicting levels of solvent accessibility or accessible surface area (ASA) of amino acid residues in proteins have been developed. These methods either predict regularly spaced states of relative solvent accessibility or an analogue real value indicating relative solvent accessibility. While discrete states of exposure can be easily obtained by post prediction assignment of thresholds to the predicted or computed real values of ASA, the reverse, that is, obtaining a real value from quantized states of predicted ASA, is not straightforward as a two‐state prediction in such cases would give a large real valued errors. However, prediction of ASA into larger number of ASA states and then finding a corresponding scheme for real value prediction may be helpful in integrating the two approaches of ASA prediction. We report a novel method of obtaining numerical real values of solvent accessibility, using accumulation cutoff set and support vector machine. This so‐called SVM‐Cabins method first predicts discrete states of ASA of amino acid residues from their evolutionary profile and then maps the predicted states onto a real valued linear space by simple algebraic methods. Resulting performance of such a rigorous approach using 13‐state ASA prediction is at least comparable with the best methods of ASA prediction reported so far. The mean absolute error in this method reaches the best performance of 15.1% on the tested data set of 502 proteins with a coefficient of correlation equal to 0.66. Since, the method starts with the prediction of discrete states of ASA and leads to real value predictions, performance of prediction in binary states and real values are simultaneously optimized. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of pool‐riffle naturalization structures on habitat complexity and the fish community in an urban Illinois stream
Authors: Schwartz John S. , Herricks Edwin E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUrbanization and its associated stressors such as flow alteration, channel modification and poor water quality is a leading cause of ecological degradation to rivers and streams. Driven by public concern to address this issue, there has been a dramatic increase in urban restoration projects since 1990 using in‐stream structures. Attempts at restoring the ecological condition of urban streams using structures have produced varied results, but projects do not often meet planned ecological goals. A major challenge to improving the ecological health of urban streams is to better understand how to incorporate ecological assessments into a ‘restoration’ design framework with reasonable expectations for ecological recovery. A naturalization design framework was used in a project on a 0.62‐km reach of the North Branch of the Chicago River in Northbrook, Illinois. Initial surveys of channel morphology, habitat and biota identified poor pool‐riffle bed structure and fish biodiversity, which became the basis for research and development of a pool‐riffle structure specifically designed for constrained, low‐gradient channels. Habitat and fish surveys were conducted pre‐ and post‐construction. The project improved mesohabitat structure, and fish abundance, and biomass and diversity were greater for 2 years following construction (2002–2003) compared to 3 years prior to construction (1999–2001). However, the improved fish metrics were in the low range when compared to rural streams in the same ecoregion, and the fish community consisted primarily of tolerant, slow‐water species. Absent were intolerant and riffle dwelling species, such as insectivorous cyprinids and darters. Assessment of pre‐ and post‐project ecological condition and the use of species information provided a basis for ecologically informed design and expanded our understanding of the limitations to restoring urban streams. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and growth of oxides on polycrystalline nickel surfaces
Authors: Payne Brad P. , Grosvenor Andrew. P. , Biesinger Mark C. , Kobe Brad A. , McIntyre N. Stewart 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe oxidation of polycrystalline nickel (Ni) metal surfaces after exposure to oxygen gas (O2) at 25 and 300 °C and pressures near 130 Pa, was studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Oxide structures involving both divalent (Ni2+) and trivalent (Ni3+) species could be distinguished using Ni 2p spectra, while surface adsorbed O2 and atomic oxygen (O) species could be differentiated from bulk oxide (O2−) using O 1s spectra. Oxide thicknesses and distributions were determined using QUASES™, and the average oxide thickness was verified using the Strohmeier formula. The reaction kinetics for oxide films grown at 300 °C followed a parabolic mechanism, with an oxide thickness of greater than 4 nm having formed after 60 min. Exposure at 25 °C followed a direct logarithmic mechanism with an oxide growth rate about four to five times slower than at 300 °C. Reaction of a Ni (100) single crystal under comparable conditions showed much slower reaction rates compared to polycrystalline specimens. The higher reaction rate of the polycrystalline materials is attributed to grain boundary transport of Ni cations. Oxide thickness was measured on a microscopic scale for polycrystalline Ni exposed to large doses of O2 at 25 and 300 °C. The thickness of oxide was not strongly localized on this scale. However, the QUASES™ analysis suggests that there is localized growth on a nanometric scale—the result of island formation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Position paper of the European Federation of IASP Chapters (EFIC) on the subject of pain management
Authors: Niv David , Devor Marshall 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAmong the complaints that bring patients to see their physician, pain in its various manifestations is the most frequent. In spite of this, pain is often not adequately addressed or managed. The aim of this position paper is to present the viewpoint and recommendations of EFIC on the subject of pain management. Our overall objective is to encourage adoption by architects of healthcare systems in Europe and worldwide of a set of specific recommendations. Every patient is entitled to the implementation of these recommendations in a professional, accessible and timely manner.
Serotonergic response to stress: A protective factor against abnormal dopaminergic reactivity in schizophrenia?
Authors: Brunelin Jerome , D'amato Thierry , Os Jim van , Dalery Jean , Suaud-Chagny Marie-Françoise , Saoud Mohamed 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a double-blind-crossover-study, 10 patients with schizophrenia, 10 of their unaffected siblings and 9 healthy controls randomly received metabolic stressor and placebo. A significant HVA plasma elevation in response to stress was found in siblings whose response was intermediate to that of patients and controls. Only siblings additionally displayed an exaggerated 5HIAA response.
Role of the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism in mental disorders: A review
Authors: Hosák Ladislav 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene is functional, easily detectable, and significantly related to metabolism of catecholamines, which underlie pathogenesis of a significant number of mental disorders. Evidence for the role of this polymorphism in schizophrenia, substance dependence, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is summed up in this review article. The results make it unlikely that the COMT gene plays an important role in these mental disorders, although a minor effect can not be excluded. Future studies on the COMT gene in mentally ill subjects should be stratified by clinical subtypes of the disorder, gender and ethnicity. Studies of endophenotypes instead of the complex disorder seem to be another promising research strategy. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions should also be considered. The COMT gene is probably not “a gene for” any mental disorder, but the Val158Met polymorphism appears to have pleiotropic effects on human behavior.
Annual precipitation in the yellowstone National Park region since AD 1173
Authors: Gray Stephen T. , Graumlich Lisa J. , Betancourt Julio L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCores and cross sections from 133 limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) at four sites were used to estimate annual (July to June) precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region for the period from AD 1173 to 1998. Examination of the long-term record shows that the early 20th century was markedly wet compared to the previous 700 yr. Extreme wet and dry years within the instrumental period fall within the range of past variability, and the magnitude of the worst-case droughts of the 20th century (AD 1930s and 1950s) was likely equaled or exceeded on numerous occasions before AD 1900. Spectral analysis showed significant decadal to multidecadal precipitation variability. At times this lower frequency variability produces strong regime-like behavior in regional precipitation, with the potential for rapid, high-amplitude switching between predominately wet and predominately dry conditions. Over multiple time scales, strong Yellowstone region precipitation anomalies were almost always associated with spatially extensive events spanning various combinations of the central and southern U.S. Rockies, the northern U.S.–Southern Canadian Rockies and the Pacific Northwest.
The House of Commons Library and the transfer of resources to electronic form for user self‐service, 1979‐2004
Authors: Pond Chris 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo examine the effects of technical developments on demand for traditional enquiry services in the House of Commons Library.Design/methodology/approachTrends in enquiry load are matched against technical advances, especially in the area of user self‐service, using published and unpublished reports.FindingsThe growth of resources delivered via the Parliamentary intranet, and the provision of suitable and convenient retrieval equipment, have enabled the end‐user and significantly reduced demands on traditional librarianship and reference skills.Research limitations/implicationsBased on experience of one special library.Practical implicationsLikely to be of use to information practitioners in cognate situations where traditional approaches are being supplanted by technical change.Originality/valueCase study of an organization adapting to the new realities of an information‐rich corps of users.
Learning histories: spanning the great divide
Authors: Parent Robert , Roch Joanne M. , Béliveau Julie 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest the use of a new action research methodology, the learning history, to study knowledge transfer initiatives.Design/methodology/approachAn overview of the literature on learning histories is followed by the results of a case study, where a learning history is used to transfer humanistic practices from an American health care model to a Quebec setting.FindingsThis study demonstrates how the learning history method can act as a catalyst to accelerate the knowledge transfer process. It has helped researchers and practitioners recognize and address the challenges involved in implementing change and transferring new knowledge in an organization.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the learning history provides a fresh and effective way to study learning and knowledge concepts, the potential of this new methodology in studying knowledge transfer activities has not been fully explored. The limitations are primarily those associated with the amount of work involved in a developing a learning history as well as the courage and honesty it requires.Practical implicationsApproaches to improving learning from experience and descriptions about how to capture and disseminate knowledge within organizations are somewhat limited. The findings of this study offer practitioners and researchers guidance on how to accelerate the implementation of future initiatives knowledge transfer.Originality/valueBy linking learning histories to knowledge transfer, this article provides a fresh new approach to studying how knowledge can be transferred from researchers to practitioners and bridging what some have called “the great divide” between these two communities.