bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipogenic and Antiapoptotic Protein Levels in Human Adipose Stromal Cells after Weight Loss
Authors: Aubin Denise , Gagnon AnneMarie , Grunder Laura , Dent Robert , Allen Murray , Sorisky Alexander 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, current strategies to achieve sustained weight loss are often unsuccessful. Fat reaccumulation might be favored by enhanced adipose cell differentiation or survival in the postreduced state.Research Methods and Procedures: We measured adipogenic and apoptotic protein expression in subcutaneous abdominal adipose stromal‐vascular cells from 10 obese patients (7 women and 3 men) that were obtained before and after a 16% weight loss in a medically supervised weight loss program.Results: After weight loss, protein expression was 2.4‐fold higher (p < 0.005) for p42 C/CAAT enhancer binding protein α, but there was no change for peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ1; both of these are adipogenic regulators. For neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, a protein associated with adipose cell apoptotic resistance, there was a rise of 1.7‐fold (p < 0.02).Discussion: Alterations in C/CAAT enhancer binding protein α and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein expression occurred in human adipose stromal‐vascular cells after weight loss in a pilot study of 10 patients. It will be important for future studies to directly examine whether the adipogenic and antiapoptotic capacity of these cells is changed after weight loss.
Altered Kidney CYP2C and Cyclooxygenase‐2 Levels Are Associated with Obesity‐Related Albuminuria
Authors: Dey Aparajita , Williams Roger S. , Pollock David M. , Stepp David W. , Newman John W. , Hammock Bruce D. , Imig John D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression and metabolite regulation and renal damage in the early stages of obesity‐related hypertension and diabetes.Research Methods and Procedures: Obese and lean Zucker rats at 10 to 12 weeks of age were studied. Blood pressure was measured in the conscious state using radiotelemetry. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured periodically. Protein expression of CYP450 and COX enzymes in the kidney cortex, renal microvessels, and glomeruli was studied. The levels of CYP450 and COX metabolites in urine were measured, and urinary albumin excretion, an indicator of kidney damage, was measured.Results: Body weight and blood glucose averaged 432 ± 20 grams and 105 ± 5 mg/dl, respectively, in obese Zucker rats as compared with 320 ± 8 grams and 91 ± 5 mg/dl, respectively, in age‐matched 10‐ to 12‐week‐old lean Zucker rats. Renal microvascular CYP4A and COX‐2 protein levels were increased 2.3‐ and 17.0‐fold, respectively, in obese Zucker rats. The protein expression of CYP2C11 and CYP2C23 was decreased 2.0‐fold in renal microvessels isolated from obese Zucker rats when compared with lean Zucker rats. The urinary excretion rate of thromboxane B2 was increased significantly in obese Zucker as compared with lean Zucker rats (22.0 ± 1.8 vs. 13.4 ± 1.0 ng/d). Urinary albumin excretion, an index of kidney damage, was increased in the obese Zucker rat at this early age.Discussion: These results suggest that increased CYP4A and COX‐2 protein levels and decreased CYP2C11 and CYP2C23 protein levels occur in association with microalbuminuria during the onset of obesity‐related hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
Association between Low‐Molecular Weight Apolipoprotein(a) Isoforms and Obesity in Italian Women
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Fogari Roberto , Piccinni Mario Nello , Peros Emmanouil , Bertone Gianandrea , Ciccarelli Leonardina , Tinelli Carmine , Geroldi Diego , Pannacciulli Nicola , De Pergola Giovanni 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Low‐molecular weight (MW) apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] isoforms are closely associated with an increased incidence of atherothrombotic disease, prevalence of which is higher in obese individuals, particularly in women. The hypothesis of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the distribution of apo(a) phenotypes between obese patients and healthy controls.Research Methods and Procedures: One hundred three obese Italian women (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study, and apo(a) phenotyping was performed in all subjects. The prevalence of low‐MW apo(a) isoforms, detected in plasma samples of our obese women, was compared with that found in a control group of 84 normal‐weight, never‐obese (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2), age‐matched women.Results: The distribution of apo(a) isoforms in the population of obese women was significantly different from that found in normal‐weight female subjects. In particular, the percentage of subjects in the obese group with at least one apo(a) isoform of low MW was significantly higher than that in the control group (51.4% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.0079).Discussion: Our results seem to suggest the possibility that small‐sized apo(a) isoforms may be used together with other traditional risk factors to better assess the overall predisposition to atherothrombotic disease in obese women.
Characteristics of Men with Persistent Thinness
Authors: Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Slof Rita M. , Tozzi Federica , Kendler Kenneth S. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Although Western society is increasingly obesogenic, some individuals maintain low weights. Thin women manifest fewer eating disorders and higher self‐esteem. However, little is known about persistently thin men.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants completed measures of demographics, psychiatric history, body size, eating behavior, and personality.Results: Thinness was associated with less eating pathology. Thin men were more likely to meet criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio = 2.46).Discussion: Persistent thinness may protect men from eating disorders.
Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome: Does the Type of Beverage Matter?
Authors: Djoussé Luc , Arnett Donna K. , Eckfeldt John H. , Province Michael A. , Singer Martha R. , Ellison R. Curtis 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the association between total and beverage‐specific alcohol consumption and the prevalence odds of metabolic syndrome (MS).Research Methods and Procedures: Using a cross‐sectional design, we studied 4510 white participants of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. We used generalized estimating equations adjusting for age, education, risk group, smoking, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, energy intake, energy from fat, fruits, and vegetables, dietary cholesterol, dietary fiber, and use of multivitamins to estimate the prevalence odds of MS by alcohol intake.Results: Compared with never‐drinkers, multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for MS were 1.12 (0.85 to 1.49), 0.68 (0.36 to 1.28), 0.72 (0.50 to 1.03), 0.66 (0.44 to 0.99), and 0.80 (0.55 to 1.16) among men who were former drinkers and who were current drinkers of 0.1 to 2.5, 2.6 to 12.0, 12.1 to 24.0, and >24.0 g/d of alcohol, respectively (p for linear trend 0.018). Corresponding values for women were 0.86 (0.69 to 1.09), 0.80 (0.43 to 1.34), 0.47 (0.33 to 0.66), 0.47 (0.30 to 0.74), and 0.39 (0.21 to 0.74), respectively (p for trend < 0.0001). The reduced prevalence odds of MS was observed across all beverage types: compared with never‐drinkers, multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of MS were 0.32 (0.14 to 0.73), 0.42 (0.23 to 0.77), 0.57 (0.30 to 1.09), and 0.56 (0.36 to 0.88) for subjects who consumed >7 drinks/wk of wine only, beer only, spirits only, and more than one type of beverage, respectively.Discussion: Our data indicate that alcohol consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of MS irrespective of the type of beverage consumed. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the influence of drinking patterns on the alcohol‐MS association.
The Relationship between Body Weight and Health Care among German Women
Authors: Meisinger Christa , Heier Margit , Loewel Hannelore 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate the relationship between body weight and the use of health care services among women from southern Germany.Research Methods and Procedures: Data were drawn from the 1994 to 1995 Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Augsburg survey, covering a population‐representative sample of women 25 to 74 years old (n = 2301). Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the use of medical services by women with overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) in comparison with normal‐weight women (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2).Results: In multivariable analysis, obese women 50 to 74 years old were more likely than normal‐weight women to delay cancer screening procedures, such as manual breast examination and Papanicolaou smear (OR 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.74) in the previous 12 months. However, the relationship between obesity and cancer screening was not found to be significant in 25‐ to 49‐year‐old women (OR 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.36). Neither in the 25‐ to 49‐year‐old age group nor in the 50‐ to 74‐year‐old age group were independent relationships between higher body weight and total physician visits, hospitalizations, or medication use observed.Discussion: Obese women tended to use medical services with greater frequency due to obesity‐related diseases. However, postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were more likely to delay routine cancer screening, putting them at a greater risk for death from breast, cervical, and endometrial cancer. Thus, obese postmenopausal women should be targeted for increased screening.
Molecular Screening of the 11β‐HSD1 Gene in Men Characterized by the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Robitaille Julie , Brouillette Charles , Houde Alain , Després Jean‐Pierre , Tchernof André , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAdipose tissue type 1 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β‐HSD1), which generates hormonally active cortisol from inactive cortisone, has been shown to play a central role in adipocyte differentiation and abdominal obesity‐related metabolic complications. The objective was to investigate whether genetic variations in the human 11β‐HSD1 gene are associated with the metabolic syndrome among French‐Canadian men. We sequenced all exons, the exon‐intron splicing boundaries, and 5′ and 3′ regions of the human 11β‐HSD1 gene in 36 men with the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program‐Adult Treatment Panel III, and two controls. Three intronic sequence variants were identified: two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 3 (g.4478T>G) and intron 4 (g.10733G>C) and one insertion in intron 3 (g.4437‐4438insA). The relative allele frequency was 19.6%, 22.1%, and 19.6% for the g.4478G, g.10733C, and g.4438insA alleles, respectively. One single‐nucleotide polymorphism was identified in exon 6 (c.744G>C or G248G). The frequency of the c.744C allele was only 0.46% in a sample of 217 men. Variants were not associated with components of the metabolic syndrome except for plasma apolipoprotein B levels. In conclusion, molecular screening of the 11β‐HSD1 gene did not reveal any sequence variations that can significantly contribute to the etiology of the metabolic syndrome among French‐Canadians.
Psychological Adjustment of Obese Youth Presenting for Weight Management Treatment
Authors: Zeller Meg H. , Saelens Brian E. , Roehrig Helmut , Kirk Shelley , Daniels Stephen R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of psychological maladjustment in clinic‐based treatment‐seeking obese children and adolescents (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) and the degree to which maternal, demographic, and youth factors correlate to the youths’ psychological adjustment.Research Methods and Procedures: Anthropometrics, demographics (race, sex, insurance status), measures of youth psychological adjustment (self‐ and mother‐report; Behavior Assessment System for Children), and maternal self‐report of psychological distress (Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised) were collected from 121 obese children and adolescents (55% white, 45% black) and their mothers.Results: Approximately one‐third of youths self‐reported some psychological maladjustment, but two‐thirds of youth were described by their mothers as experiencing some degree of psychological maladjustment. Adjustment difficulties were specific to social functioning, low self‐esteem, and internalizing symptoms. Forty‐one percent of mothers of child participants and 56% of mothers of adolescent participants reported clinically significant psychological distress. Youth self‐report and mother‐report of youths’ psychological difficulties were often most strongly associated with mothers’ level of psychological distress and/or family socioeconomic status rather than to youth characteristics (e.g., percent overweight, race).Discussion: Psychological maladjustment levels among obese youth and their mothers were higher in this clinic‐based sample than in treatment research‐based samples. Present correlate findings extended to obese adolescents and reaffirm a potent association between youth self‐report of their own psychological adjustment and their mother's level of psychological distress. Demographic characteristics and youth weight status were not consistent correlates of youths’ psychological functioning. Findings have implications for the translation of empirically supported pediatric obesity interventions to clinic‐based treatment samples.
Lack of Association between Human G‐Protein β3 Subunit Variant and Overweight in Japanese Workers*
Authors: Suwazono Yasushi , Okubo Yasushi , Kobayashi Etsuko , Miura Katsuyuki , Morikawa Yuko , Ishizaki Masao , Kido Teruhiko , Nakagawa Hideaki , Nogawa Koji 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe examined the association of the G‐protein β3 subunit gene (GNB3) C825T polymorphism with overweight in Japanese workers. This cross‐sectional study used multivariate analysis to investigate whether a polymorphism in the C825T polymorphism was associated independently with overweight when factors such as age and lifestyle were taken into account. The study in 1453 men and 1172 women involved identifying subjects with the C825T genotype using the polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment‐length polymorphism analysis. Overweight was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Genotype distributions for C825T in overweight men (CC = 80, CT = 162, TT = 80) and women (CC = 52, CT = 91, TT = 40) were not significantly different from normal‐weight men (CC = 278, CT = 588, TT = 265) and women (CC = 242, CT = 549, TT = 198). The allele distributions were also not significantly different between either sex. The power of the study was estimated as 98% in men and 81% in women based on the allelic frequencies reported in a previous positive study in Chinese subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the genotype was not significantly associated with overweight. In conclusion, this study indicated that the GNB3 C825T polymorphism is not a significant factor for overweight in Japanese people.
Adapted Changes in Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Severe Uncomplicated Obesity
Authors: Iacobellis Gianluca , Ribaudo Maria Cristina , Zappaterreno Alessandra , Iannucci Concetta Valeria , Di Mario Umberto , Leonetti Frida 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: A massive amount of fat tissue, as that observed in obese subjects with BMI over 50 kg/m2, could affect cardiac morphology and performance, but few data on this issue are available. We sought to evaluate cardiac structure and function in uncomplicated severely obese subjects.Research Methods and Procedures: We studied 55 uncomplicated severely obese patients, 40 women, 15 men, mean age 35.5 ± 10.2 years, BMI 51.2 ± 8.8 kg/m2, range 43 to 81 kg/m2, with a history of fat excess of at least 10 years, and 55 age‐matched normal‐weight subjects (40 women, 15 men, mean BMI 23.8 ± 1.2 kg/m2) as a control group. Each subject underwent an echocardiogram to evaluate left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry and systolic and diastolic function.Results: Severely obese subjects showed greater LV mass and indexed LV mass than normal‐weight subjects (p < 0.01 for all parameters). Nevertheless, LV mass was appropriate for sex, height2.7, and stroke work in most (77%) uncomplicated severely obese subjects. In addition, no significant difference in LV mass indices and LV mass appropriateness between obese subjects with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 and those with BMI ≤ 50 kg/m2 was found. Obese subjects also showed higher ejection fraction and midwall shortening than normal‐weight subjects (p = 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), suggesting a hyperdynamic systolic function. No significant difference in systolic performance between obese subjects with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 and those with BMI ≤ 50 kg/m2 was seen.Discussion: Our data show that uncomplicated severe obesity, despite the massive fat tissue amount, is associated largely with adapted and appropriate changes in cardiac structure and function.
Development of a Culturally Relevant Body Image Instrument among Urban African Americans
Authors: Pulvers Kim M. , Lee Rebecca E. , Kaur Harsohena , Mayo Matthew S. , Fitzgibbon Marian L. , Jeffries Shawn K. , Butler James , Hou Qingjiang , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To validate a culturally relevant body image instrument among urban African Americans through three distinct studies.Research Methods and Procedures: In Study 1, 38 medical practitioners performed content validity tests on the instrument. In Study 2, three research staff rated the body image of 283 African‐American public housing residents (75% women, mean age = 44 years), with the residents completing body image, BMI, and percentage body fat measures. In Study 3, 35 African Americans (57% men, mean age = 42) completed body image measures and evaluated their cultural relevance.Results: In Study 1, 97% to 100% of practitioners sorted the jumbled figures into the correct ascending order. The correlation between the body image figures and the practitioners’ weight classifications of the figures was high (r = 0.91). In Study 2, observers arrived at similar ratings of body size with excellent consistency (α = 0.95). Ratings of body image were strongly correlated with participant BMI (r = 0.89 to 0.93 across observers and 0.81 for all participants) and percentage of body fat (r = 0.77 to 0.89 across observers and 0.76 for all participants). In Study 3, body image ratings with the new scale were positively correlated with other validated figural scales. The majority of participants reported that figures in the new body image scale looked most like themselves and other African Americans and were easiest to identify themselves with.Discussion: The instrument displayed strong psychometric performance and cultural relevance, suggesting that the scale is a promising tool for examining body image and obesity among African Americans.
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Glucose Transporter 4 mRNA Levels in Baboon Adipose**
Authors: Tejero M. Elizabeth , Proffitt J. Michael , Cole Shelley A. , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne H. , Cai Guowen , Peebles Kyle W. , Cox Laura A. , Mahaney Michael C. , Rogers Jeffrey , VandeBerg John L. , Blangero John , Comuzzie Anthony G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is an insulin‐responsive glucose transporter expressed in adipose tissue. A decrease of the mRNA abundance of GLUT4 in adipose tissue has been observed in conditions of insulin resistance. The objective was to conduct quantitative genetic analyses using GLUT4 mRNA levels in omental adipose tissue of baboons as a novel phenotype.Research Methods and Procedures: A blood sample and a biopsy of omental adipose tissue were collected from 418 adult, pedigreed baboons. Total RNA was isolated from adipose tissue biopsies, and GLUT4 mRNA abundance was assayed by quantitative, real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Insulin and glucose were determined in fasting plasma by standard methods. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using GLUT4 mRNA, insulin, and glucose as quantitative traits.Results: GLUT4 mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue was heritable (h2 = 0.23, p = 0.001). Bivariate genetic analyses revealed a significant genetic correlation (ρG) between GLUT4 mRNA abundance and both body weight (ρG = 0.63, p = 0.007), BMI (ρG = 0.59, p = 0.02) and insulin (ρG = 0.72, p = 0.04). A genome scan was conducted, and a quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 10p12 with a logarithm of the odds ratio score of 1.1.Discussion: GLUT4 mRNA abundance in omental adipose tissue has a significant genetic component. These findings suggest that expression of GLUT4 mRNA, plasma insulin levels, and body weight may be regulated by common genes.
Mothers' Perceptions of Their Adolescents' Weight Status: Are They Accurate?
Authors: Boutelle Kerri , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Story Mary 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the accuracy of mothers’ perceptions of adolescents’ weight status.Research Methods and Procedures: Parent interviews and adolescent surveys (755) were conducted in an ethnically diverse sample from Project EAT (Eating among Teens).Results: Adolescent weight status was accurately assessed by 60% of mothers, underestimated by 35% of mothers, and overestimated by 5% of mothers. In multivariate analyses, mothers of female adolescents were about half as likely to underestimate their adolescent's weight status as mothers of male adolescents. Nonoverweight mothers were about half as likely as overweight mothers to underestimate their adolescent's weight status.Discussion: Most mothers are able to accurately assess their adolescent's weight status; however, adolescent gender and mothers’ weight status are related to accuracy. Mothers were more likely to underestimate their sons’ weights than their daughters’ weights, and overweight mothers were more likely to be inaccurate in their assessments than nonoverweight mothers. Findings suggest that the majority of parents do not need to be told that their children are overweight; instead, messages to parents of overweight teens should focus on how to provide support for healthy weight management.