bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreters of the Real: Poems about Photographs in the Periodical Press, 1840–1860
Authors: Potter Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Short, anonymous poems were a common feature in the popular magazines and literary journals of photography’s first two decades, the 1840s and 1850s. Yet despite its wide readership, periodical poetry has been largely neglected in histories of photography. Through close readings of periodical poems, this essay addresses this gap and adds a fresh perspective to the complex history of photography’s reception. It argues that whereas Victorian journalism often concentrated on photographic realism and focal clarity, periodical poets were more interested in photography’s ability (or inability) to convey the emotional and psychological qualities of visual experience. By drawing on the technical process and language of photography but concentrating instead on affective qualities, the poems discussed here repositioned familiar debates about photography’s status and made their own claims for the values of both arts as interpreters of the real.
A novel workflow for unbiased 3D quantification of autophagosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Authors: Daněk Michal , Kocourková Daniela , Korec Podmanická Tereza , Eliášová Kateřina , Nesvadbová Kristýna , Krupař Pavel , Martinec Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Macroautophagy is often quantified by live imaging of autophagosomes labeled with fluorescently tagged ATG8 protein (FP–ATG8) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The labeled particles are then counted in single focal planes. This approach may lead to inaccurate results as the actual 3D distribution of autophagosomes is not taken into account and appropriate sampling in the Z-direction is not performed. To overcome this issue, we developed a workflow consisting of immunolabeling of autophagosomes with an anti-ATG8 antibody followed by stereological image analysis using the optical disector and the Cavalieri principle. Our protocol specifically recognized autophagosomes in epidermal cells of Arabidopsis root. Since the anti-ATG8 antibody recognizes multiple AtATG8 isoforms, we were able to detect a higher number of immunolabeled autophagosomes than with the FP–AtATG8e marker, that most probably does not recognize all autophagosomes in a cell. The number of autophagosomes per tissue volume positively correlated with the intensity of autophagy induction. Compared with the quantification of autophagosomes in maximum intensity projections, stereological methods were able to detect the autophagosomes present in a given volume with higher accuracy. Our novel workflow provides a powerful toolkit for unbiased and reproducible quantification of autophagosomes and offers a convenient alternative to the standard of live imaging with FP–ATG8 markers.
A dye elution method for the quantification of insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis and its compatibility with the presence of agro-industrial raw materials and waste products
Authors: Mentel María Isabel , Loto Flavia del Valle , Baigori Mario Domingo , Pera Licia María 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The insecticidal crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis during sporulation are active ingredients against lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran insects. Several methods have been reported for their quantification, such as crystal counting, ELISA, and SDS-PAGE/densitometry. One of the major tasks in industrial processes is the analysis of raw material dependency and costs. Thus, the crystal protein quantification method is expected to be compatible with the presence of complex and inexpensive culture medium components. This work presents a revalidated elution-based method for the quantification of insecticidal crystal proteins produced by the native strain B. thuringiensis RT. To quantify proteins, a calibration curve was generated by varying the amount of BSA loaded into SDS-PAGE gels. First, SDS-PAGE was performed for quality control of the bioinsecticide. Then, the stained protein band was excised from 10% polyacrylamide gel and the protein-associated dye was eluted with an alcoholic solution of SDS (3% SDS in 50% isopropanol) during 45 min at 95°C. This protocol was a sensitive procedure to quantify proteins in the range of 2.0–10.0 µg. As proof of concept, proteins of samples obtained from a complex fermented broth were separated by SDS-PAGE. Then, Cry1 and Cry2 proteins were properly quantified.
The impact of ionization morphology and X-ray heating on the cosmological 21-cm skew spectrum
Authors: Cook J H , Balu S , Greig B , Trott C M , Line J L B , Qin Y , Wyithe J S B 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The cosmological 21-cm signal offers a potential probe of the early Universe and the first ionizing sources. Current experiments probe the spatially dependent variance (Gaussianity) of the signal through the power spectrum (PS). The signal, however, is expected to be highly non-Gaussian due to the complex topology of reionization and X-ray heating. We investigate the non-Gaussianities of X-ray heating and reionization, by calculating the skew spectrum (SS) of the 21-cm signal using meraxes, which couples a semi-analytic galaxy population with seminumerical reionization simulations. The SS is the cross-spectrum of the quadratic temperature brightness field with itself. We generate a set of seven simulations from z = 30 to 5, varying the halo mass threshold for hosting star formation, the X-ray luminosity per star formation rate, and the minimum X-ray energy escaping host galaxies. We find the SS is predominantly negative as a function of redshift, transitioning to positive towards the start of reionization, and peaking during the mid-point of reionization. We do not see a negative dip in the SS during reionization, likely due to the specifics of modelling ionization sources. We normalize the SS by the PS during reionization isolating the non-Gaussianities. We find a trough ($k\sim \, 0.1\, \textrm {Mpc}^{-1}$) and peak ($k\sim \, 0.4{-}1\, \textrm {Mpc}^{-1}$) in the normalized SS during the mid-to-late periods of reionization. These correlate to the ionization topology, and neutral islands in the IGM. We calculate the cosmic variance of the normalized SS, and find these features are detectable in the absence of foregrounds with the SKA_LOW.
Exploring the non-Gaussianity of the cosmic infrared background and its weak gravitational lensing
Authors: Lee Jaemyoung (Jason) , Bond J Richard , Motloch Pavel , van Engelen Alexander , Stein George 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Gravitational lensing deflects the paths of photons, altering the statistics of cosmic backgrounds and distorting their information content. We take the cosmic infrared background (CIB), which provides plentiful information about galaxy formation and evolution, as an example to probe the effect of lensing on non-Gaussian statistics. Using the Websky simulations, we first quantify the non-Gaussianity of the CIB, revealing additional detail on top of its well-measured power spectrum. To achieve this, we use needlet-like multipole-band filters to calculate the variance and higher-point correlations. Using our simulations, we show the two-, three- and four-point spectra, and compare our calculated power spectra and bispectra to Planck values. We then lens the CIB, shell-by-shell with corresponding convergence maps, to capture the broad redshift extent of both the CIB and its lensing convergence. The lensing of the CIB changes the three- and four-point functions by a few tens of per cent at large scales, unlike with the power spectrum, which changes by less than two per cent. We expand our analyses to encompass the full intensity probability distribution functions (PDFs) involving all n-point correlations as a function of scale. In particular, we use the relative entropy between lensed and unlensed PDFs to create a spectrum of templates that can allow estimation of lensing. The underlying CIB model is missing the important role of star bursting, which we test by adding a stochastic lognormal term to the intensity distributions. The novel aspects of our filtering and lensing pipeline should prove useful for any radiant background, including line intensity maps.
Rapid spectral parameter prediction for black hole X-ray binaries using physicalized autoencoders
Authors: Tregidga Ethan , Steiner James F , Garraffo Cecilia , Rhea Carter , Aubin Mayeul 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) offer insights into extreme gravitational environments and the testing of general relativity. The X-ray spectrum collected by NICER offers valuable information on the properties and behaviour of BHBs through spectral fitting. However, traditional spectral fitting methods are slow and scale poorly with model complexity. This paper presents a new semisupervised autoencoder neural network for parameter prediction and spectral reconstruction of BHBs, showing an improvement of up to a factor of 2700 in speed while maintaining comparable accuracy. The approach maps the spectral features from the numerous outbursts catalogued by NICER and generalizes them to new systems for efficient and accurate spectral fitting. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in the spectral fitting of BHBs and holds promise for use in other areas of astronomy and physics for categorizing large data sets. The code is available via https://github.com/EthanTreg/Spectrum-Machine-Learning.
Content Analysis of E-mail Marketing Communications Among Online E-cigarette Retailers
Authors: Donaldson Scott I , Beard Trista A , Trinh Jacqueline , Jaladanki Sarayu , Unger Jennifer B , Galimov Artur , Wipfli Heather L , Allem Jon-Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Online e-cigarette retailers use e-mail communications to promote products directly to consumers, which may facilitate e-cigarette use. Little is known about the content of these e-mails. As such, this study collected e-mails from online e-cigarette retailers in California to conduct a content analysis.

Aims and Methods
This study included 13 online e-cigarette retailers in California using Yelp. To be included in the study, e-cigarette retailers needed a live website, physical retail location (ie, vape shop), and e-cigarettes available for purchase online. The research team entered each website and signed up (if possible) for an e-mail newsletter. Data were collected from the Gmail Application Programming Interface over a 1-year study period (November 1, 2021–November 1, 2022). Members of the research team coded e-mails for the presence of e-cigarettes, other products, flavors, marketing categories, and promotional activities, among other variables.

Results
Seven hundred and forty-nine promotional e-mails (2.1 avg/day) were received over the 1-year study period. Second-generation e-cigarettes (n = 581, 77.6%) were the most observed product in e-mails followed by disposable e-cigarettes (n = 391, 52.2%). The most common flavor profile was fruit or sweet or liquor (n = 424, 56.6%). E-mails included links to social media pages (n = 366, 48.9%). Online coupons were found in 53.1% (n = 398) of the e-mails. Age warnings were displayed in 8.0% (n = 60) of the e-mails.

Conclusions
E-cigarette retailers’ e-mails promoted new products, flavors, and contained promotional discounts. Future research should examine the impact of exposure to such e-mails on e-cigarette-related attitudes and behaviors.

Implications
Findings from this study may help inform prevention programs and interventions focused on increasing tobacco-related digital media literacy (ie, evaluate tobacco advertising messages on digital media) among gender and ethnic minorities. Future research should examine if exposure to e-mail marketing is causally linked with e-cigarette use among gender and ethnic minorities.
Energy expenditure in healthy pregnant women: a systematic review
Authors: Dal Nursel , Tek Nilufer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Since pregnancy is a decisive period for women and children in terms of future health, it is very important to determine changes in energy expenditure and requirements. However, there is no reference method to determine the energy expenditure as there are many factors that change maternal energy homeostasis during this period.

Objective
This review aims to evaluate the changes in energy expenditure during pregnancy and the effects of these changes on maternal weight gain, as well as the methods used to determine energy expenditure.

Data Sources
Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library databases were searched to determine studies on energy expenditure during pregnancy between 2010 and 2022.

Data Extraction
Of the 2095 articles initially identified, 20 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted data from those articles.

Data Analysis
The articles reviewed show that prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, changes in fat mass, and lean body mass influence energy expenditure during pregnancy. Doubly-labeled water and indirect calorimetric methods are considered reference methods for determining energy expenditure in pregnancy. Indirect calorimetric methods, when used together with body weight and physical activity measurements, allow an accurate estimation of resting energy expenditure and energy requirements for pregnant women. Metabolic Holter or accelerometers are valid methods for determining activity energy expenditure in pregnant women and are suitable for use during activity.

Conclusion
Resting energy expenditure and activity energy expenditure should be carefully monitored and measured by valid methods to achieve the correct energy intake targets during pregnancy. The existing equations used in determining energy expenditure should be developed for a more accurate estimation of energy expenditure during pregnancy, or new pregnancy-specific equations should be derived.
Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Case-Control Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Agudelo Higuita Nelson Iván , Chastain Daniel B , Scott Brian , Sahra Syeda , Vargas Barahona Lilian , Henao Cordero José , Lee Alfred L H , Tuells Jose , Henao-Martínez Andrés F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Prior reports have suggested a possible increase in the frequency of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) with use of a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) for treatment of chronic lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but precise estimates are lacking. We aim to characterize the prevalence of IFIs among patients with CLL, for whom a BTKi is now the first-line recommended therapy.

Methods
We queried TriNetX, a global research network database, to identify adult patients with CLL using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code (C91.1) and laboratory results. We performed a case-control propensity score–matched analysis to determine IFIs events by BTKi use. We adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and clinical risk factors associated with an increased risk of IFIs.

Results
Among 5358 matched patients with CLL, we found an incidence of 4.6% of IFIs in patients on a BTKi versus 3.5% among patients not on a BTKi at 5 years. Approximately 1% of patients with CLL developed an IFI while on a BTKi within this period. Our adjusted IFI event analysis found an elevated rate of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) (0.5% vs 0.3%, P = .02) and invasive candidiasis (3.5% vs 2.7%, P = .012) with the use of a BTKi. The number needed to harm for patients taking a BTKi was 120 and 358 for invasive candidiasis and PJP, respectively.

Conclusions
We found an adjusted elevated rate of PJP and invasive candidiasis with BTKi use. The rates are, however, low with a high number needed to harm. Additional studies stratifying other IFIs with specific BTKis are required to identify at-risk patients and preventive, cost-effective interventions.
Homo floresiensis
Authors: Tocheri Matthew , Veatch E. Grace , Jatmiko  , Saptomo E. Wahyu , Sutikna Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Homo floresiensis—the holotype of which stood ~106 cm tall, weighed ~27.5 kg, and had a brain ~426 cm3—is the taxonomic name given to hominin remains discovered in Late Pleistocene deposits at Liang Bua, a limestone cave on the Indonesian island of Flores. This species, and the skeletal and cultural remains attributed to it, has been the source of considerable scientific and public interest as well as intense debate since its discovery was first announced. A major implication of the discovery of this extinct taxon is that modern humans (Homo sapiens) once shared this planet with Neandertals and Denisovans as well as H. floresiensis, which also walked bipedally and made and used stone tools but had a brain size, body proportions, and other primitive features not seen within the genus Homo for the past ~1.5 million years. Prior to ~50 thousand years ago human biological diversity was significantly greater than it is presently when the only hominins remaining are members of a single species, H. sapiens. This chapter overviews key aspects about what is currently known about this taxon and how this knowledge differs from or extends upon the initial studies of H. floresiensis. It also outlines how new discoveries and further research will continue to improve and reshape our understanding of the biology and culture of this intriguing human species.
Genesis of Andesitic Magma Erupted at Yufu Volcano, Kyushu Island, Southwest Japan Arc: Evidence from the Chemical Compositions of Amphibole Phenocrysts
Authors: Okada Ikuo , Shibata Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Masako , Ishibashi Hidemi , Sugimoto Takeshi , Hayasaka Yasutaka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The major- and trace-element compositions of amphiboles in andesite from Quaternary Yufu Volcano, northeastern Kyushu, Japan were analysed to investigate the generation processes of andesitic magma from Yufu Volcano. The amphiboles in andesite from Yufu volcano can be divided into two groups based on major-element composition: pargasite and magnesio-hornblende. To estimate temperature, pressure, and major- and trace-element compositions of melts in equilibrium with amphiboles, we used the recently proposed methods that can calculate temperature, pressure, major element compositions, and partition coefficients of trace-element between amphibole and melt using only the major-element compositions of amphibole. The estimated temperature, pressure, and major-element composition of melt in equilibrium with the amphibole phenocrysts indicate that each group crystallised under different conditions. These differences suggest that two magma chambers at different depths existed beneath Yufu Volcano and that the andesitic magma of Yufu Volcano was formed by mixing of the two magmas. The trace-element compositions of melts in equilibrium with the pargasite and magnesio-hornblende, estimated by applying the partition coefficients calculated from major-element compositions of amphibole to trace-element compositions of amphiboles, indicate magma derived from slab melt and the partial melting of crustal material, respectively. Because magma is a mixture of minerals and melt, we estimate the chemical compositional ranges of the two end-member magmas on the Y versus SiO2 diagram from the mixing relationship between amphibole and estimated melt, as well as phenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene. The overlap of the estimated compositional range with the trend of whole-rock composition represents the chemical compositions of the end-members of magma mixing, yielding estimates of the mafic (SiO2 ≈ 45 wt %) and felsic (SiO2 ≈ 68 wt %) end-member magmas. Furthermore, we estimate the concentrations of other elements in the end-member magmas by substituting the estimated SiO2 concentrations of the magmas into linear regression equations between the whole-rock contents of other elements and SiO2. The trace-element compositions of the mafic and felsic end-member magmas, as estimated in this study, have similar features to those of gabbroids and Cretaceous granitic rocks, respectively, that are presumed to lie beneath Yufu Volcano. These similarities could be explained by the possibility that the compositions of the end-member magmas were influenced by basement rocks.
A long noncoding RNA functions in pumpkin fruit development through S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase
Authors: Tian Jiaxing , Zhang Fan , Zhang Guoyu , Li Xiaojie , Wen Changlong , Li Haizhen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes. However, the regulatory roles of lncRNAs underlying fruit development have not been extensively studied. The pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) is a preferred model for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating fruit development because of its variable shape and size and large inferior ovary. Here, we performed strand-specific transcriptome sequencing on pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima “Rimu”) fruits at 6 developmental stages and identified 5,425 reliably expressed lncRNAs. Among the 332 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed during fruit development, the lncRNA MSTRG.44863.1 was identified as a negative regulator of pumpkin fruit development. MSTRG.44863.1 showed a relatively high expression level and an obvious period-specific expression pattern. Transient overexpression and silencing of MSTRG.44863.1 significantly increased and decreased the content of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (a precursor of ethylene) and ethylene production, respectively. RNA pull-down and microscale thermophoresis assays further revealed that MSTRG.44863.1 can interact with S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS), an enzyme in the ethylene synthesis pathway. Considering that ethylene negatively regulates fruit development, these results indicate that MSTRG.44863.1 plays an important role in the regulation of pumpkin fruit development, possibly through interacting with SAMS and affecting ethylene synthesis. Overall, our findings provide a rich resource for further study of fruit-related lncRNAs while offering insights into the regulation of fruit development in plants.
Flowering time: From physiology, through genetics to mechanism
Authors: Maple Robert , Zhu Pan , Hepworth Jo , Wang Jia-Wei , Dean Caroline 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plant species have evolved different requirements for environmental/endogenous cues to induce flowering. Originally, these varying requirements were thought to reflect the action of different molecular mechanisms. Thinking changed when genetic and molecular analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that a network of environmental and endogenous signaling input pathways converge to regulate a common set of “floral pathway integrators.” Variation in the predominance of the different input pathways within a network can generate the diversity of requirements observed in different species. Many genes identified by flowering time mutants were found to encode general developmental and gene regulators, with their targets having a specific flowering function. Studies of natural variation in flowering were more successful at identifying genes acting as nodes in the network central to adaptation and domestication. Attention has now turned to mechanistic dissection of flowering time gene function and how that has changed during adaptation. This will inform breeding strategies for climate-proof crops and help define which genes act as critical flowering nodes in many other species.