bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of association thermodynamics between crystal violet and sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate and kinetics of basic fading of crystal violet in microemulsions
Authors: Chen Zhi Yun , Zhao Ji Hua , He Wei , An Xue Qin , Shen Wei Guo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe thermodynamics of the association between 4,4′,4″‐tris(dimethyl‐amino)triphenylmethyl chloride (crystal violet or CV) and sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐sulfosuccinate (aerosol OT or AOT) in water/AOT/n‐decane microemulsion and the kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of CV in a water‐in‐oil microemulsion were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopic measurements. An association model of CV and AOT was used to analyze the experimental data to obtain the association constants at various temperatures. By taking the association into account, the “actual” rate constants and the activation energies of the basic hydrolysis of CV in the media of water/AOT/oil were obtained. The difference in thermodynamics and kinetics between the two media of water/AOT/n‐decane and water/AOT/isooctane is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 294–300, 2008
Juvenile and adult immature and in vitro matured ovine oocytes evaluated in relation to membrane electrical properties, calcium stores, IP3 sensitivity and apoptosis occurrence in cumulus cells
Authors: Boni R. , Cocchia N. , Silvestre F. , Tortora G. , Lorizio R. , Tosti E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe analysis of differences between juvenile and adult oocytes may provide useful information on the acquisition of meiotic and developmental competence of the female gamete. In oocytes collected from either ewes or 40‐day‐old lambs, we evaluated membrane electrical proprieties, such as resting potential, conductance, activation ion currents, L‐type Ca2+ currents as well as calcium stores and IP3 sensitivity; in addition, the incidence of apoptosis in cumulus cells in these two age categories was compared. The analysis was carried out in oocytes both prior to and after in vitro maturation. Significant differences were found in all the examined parameters in relation to maturational stages whereas minor differences were recorded in relation to age of the donor. IP3 sensitivity strongly increased after in vitro maturation following a dose‐dependent pattern from 1 to 500 µmol/L with a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between dose and maturational stage. The incidence of apoptosis in cumulus cells strongly increased after in vitro maturation and was greater in adult than in juvenile cumulus cells (39.2 ± 5.8% vs. 21.9 ± 3.5%; P < 0.01). In conclusion, all the examined parameters were greatly affected by the maturational stage, whereas minor differences were due to age‐related oocyte quality, that is, at plasma membrane levels to conductance, activation current peaks and calcium currents, at cytosol level to calcium stores and IP3 sensitivity, and to incidence of apoptosis in cumulus cells. These parameters were compared with previous data in bovine to analyze oocyte quality in juvenile and adult individuals or between species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1752–1760, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The computational complexity of graph contractions II: Two tough polynomially solvable cases
Authors: Levin Asaf , Paulusma Daniel , Woeginger Gerhard J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor a fixed pattern graph H, let H‐CONTRACTIBILITY denote the problem of deciding whether a given input graph is contractible to H. This article is part II of our study on the computational complexity of the H‐CONTRACTIBILITY problem. In the first article we pinpointed the complexity for all pattern graphs with five vertices except for two pattern graphs H. Here, we present polynomial time algorithms for these two remaining pattern graphs. Interestingly, in all connected cases that are known to be polynomially solvable, the pattern graph H has a dominating vertex, whereas in all cases that are known to be NP‐complete, the pattern graph H does not have a dominating vertex. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
New poly(ester amide)s from alkyl 2‐(carboethoxyhydroxymethyl)acrylates
Authors: Morizur Jean‐François , Mathias Lon J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of alkyl 2‐(carboethoxyhydroxymethyl)acrylates via the Bayllis‐Hillmann reaction pathway is described. These compounds are found to be poor monomers when involved in free radical polymerizations but present an extremely high reactivity upon Michael addition with primary amines leading to a simple, mild and efficient route to the preparation of new multifunctional heterocycles and polymers with potential applications in biodegradable coatings. Real‐time NMR spectroscopy permitted monitoring the extent of the reaction sequence and determining the conversion profile of reactants and Michael adduct intermediate. Poly(ester amide)s derived from diamine and hexane bis‐2‐(carboethoxyhydroxymethyl)acrylate were synthesized at room temperature by means of a very efficient Michael addition/cyclization polymerization. These polymers display excellent adhesion to metal, glass, and paper substrates and interesting hydrolytic susceptibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3182–3192, 2008
Microwave‐assisted ring‐opening polymerization of p‐dioxanone
Authors: Chen Yu‐Yan , Wu Gang , Qiu Zhi‐Cheng , Wang Xiu‐Li , Zhang Yuan , Lu Fang , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of p‐dioxanone (PDO) under microwave irradiation with triethylaluminum (AlEt3) or tin powder as catalyst was investigated. When the ROP of PDO was catalyzed by AlEt3, the viscosity‐average molecular weight (Mv) of poly(p‐dioxanone) (PPDO) reached 317,000 g mol−1 only in 30 min, and the yield of PPDO achieved 96.0% at 80 °C. Tin powder was successfully used as catalyst for synthesizing PPDO by microwave heating, and PPDO with Mv of 106,000 g mol−1 was obtained at 100 °C in 210 min. Microwave heating accelerated the ROP of PDO catalyzed by AlEt3 or tin powder, compared with the conventional heating method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3207–3213, 2008
Simulation of the self‐assembly of poly(α‐glutamate) and dodecyltrimethylammonium: Diffusive role of the surfactant cations
Authors: Zanuy David , Alemán Carlos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe self‐assembly process of stoichiometric complexes formed by poly(α‐glutamate) and dodecyltrimethylammonium molecular cations has been studied at the atomistic by molecular dynamics simulations. The results presented in this work depict a time‐dependent succession of events. Among them, the formation of the assembled complex is an extraordinarily fast event. On the other side, the surfactant units do not influence the kinetics of the polypeptide folding process, showing that the characteristic independent organization experimentally detected for the charged groups and aliphatic tails has its reflection during the assembly process. Through these results, it is possible to infer new strategies to engineer the final nano‐organization that these stoichiometric complexes can adopt. The instantaneous assembly of the oppositely charged components allows a further kinetic control over the polypeptide folding process, which is expected to take place in time scales that are between 10 and 100 times larger than those explored in this work. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 917–924, 2008
Taming mechanical integrity
Authors: Hobbs Douglas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA well designed and executed mechanical integrity (MI) program is essential to loss prevention. A MI program perpetually behind the unrelenting schedule of completing essential equipment condition monitoring tasks or the function tests of process safeguards is symptomatic of not understanding the resource requirements and the technical requirements for a MI program. A key to preventing this outcome is to define a realistic MI program that meets your resource constraints, but delivers the right information on schedule. A realistic MI program is designed by plant personnel understanding why each activity is performed to the frequency and extent you have specified and the benefit it brings to the integrity of the equipment. This topic is applicable to facilities of any size or extent of process hazards, but the emphasis for this discussion will be for smaller facilities. This is accomplished by defining a MI program that is matched to your resources with a realistic suite of activities and schedules that you understand. A thorough PHA should address the process hazards, describe the potential consequences and their causes and identify safeguards. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2008
Biologically inspired climbing with a hexapedal robot
Authors: Spenko M. J. , Haynes G. C. , Saunders J. A. , Cutkosky M. R. , Rizzi A. A. , Full R. J. , Koditschek D. E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents an integrated, systems‐level view of several novel design and control features associated with the biologically inspired, hexapedal, RiSE (Robots in Scansorial Environments) robot. RiSE is the first legged machine capable of locomotion on both the ground and a variety of vertical building surfaces including brick, stucco, and crushed stone at speeds up to 4 cm/s, quietly and without the use of suction, magnets, or adhesives. It achieves these capabilities through a combination of bioinspired and traditional design methods. This paper describes the design process and specifically addresses body morphology, hierarchical compliance in the legs and feet, and sensing and control systems that enable robust and reliable climbing on difficult surfaces. Experimental results illustrate the effects of various behaviors on climbing performance and demonstrate the robot's ability to climb reliably for long distances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ORIGAMI: A Novel and Effective Approach for Mining Representative Orthogonal Graph Patterns
Authors: Chaoji Vineet , Al Hasan Mohammad , Salem Saeed , Besson Jeremy , J. Zaki Mohammed 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the concept of α‐orthogonal patterns to mine a representative set of graph patterns. Intuitively, two graph patterns are α‐orthogonal if their similarity is bounded above by α. Each α‐orthogonal pattern is also a representative for those patterns that are at least β similar to it. Given user defined α, β ∈ [0, 1], the goal is to mine an α‐orthogonal, β‐representative set that minimizes the set of unrepresented patterns.We present ORIGAMI, an effective algorithm for mining the set of representative orthogonal patterns. ORIGAMI first uses a randomized algorithm to randomly traverse the pattern space, seeking previously unexplored regions, to return a set of maximal patterns. ORIGAMI then extracts an α‐orthogonal, β‐representative set from the mined maximal patterns. We show the effectiveness of our algorithm on a number of real and synthetic datasets. In particular, we show that our method is able to extract high‐quality patterns even in cases where existing enumerative graph mining methods fail to do so. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company Statistical Analy Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
Estrous state influences on investigative, aggressive, and tail flicking behavior in captive female Asian elephants
Authors: Slade‐Cain Barbara E. , Rasmussen L. E. L. , Schulte Bruce A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFemales of species that live in matrilineal hierarchies may compete for temporally limited resources, yet maintain social harmony to facilitate cohesion. The relative degree of aggressive and nonaggressive interactions may depend on the reproductive condition of sender and receiver. Individuals can benefit by clearly signaling and detecting reproductive condition. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) live in social matrilineal herds. Females have long estrous cycles (14–16 weeks) composed of luteal (8–12 weeks) and follicular (4–8 weeks) phases. In this study, we observed the behavior of four captive Asian elephant females during multiple estrous cycles over 2 years. We evaluated whether investigative, aggressive, and tail flicking behaviors were related to reproductive condition. Investigative trunk tip contacts showed no distinct pattern by senders, but were more prevalent toward female elephants that were in their follicular compared with their luteal phase. The genital area was the most frequently contacted region and may release reproductively related chemosignals. Aggression did not differ significantly with estrus; however, rates of aggression were elevated when senders were approaching ovulation and receivers were in the luteal phase. Females in the follicular phase may honestly advertise their condition. Contacts by conspecifics may serve to assess condition and reduce aggression. A behavior termed “tail flicking” was performed mainly during the mid‐follicular phase when estrogen and luteinizing hormone levels are known to spike. Tail flicking may disperse chemical signals in urine or mucus as well as act as a tonic signal that could provide a means of anticipating forthcoming ovulation by elephants and also for human observers and caretakers. Zoo Biol 27:167–180, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emission of Volatile Aldehydes from DAG‐Rich and TAG‐Rich Oils with Different Degrees of Unsaturation During Deep‐Frying
Authors: Katsuta Izumi , Shimizu Masao , Yamaguchi Tohru , Nakajima Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the emission of volatile aldehydes from diacylglycerol‐rich oils (DAG‐OILs) and triacylglycerol‐rich oils (TAG‐OILs) with different degrees of unsaturation of fatty acid moieties during the deep‐frying of sliced potatoes. To examine the effect of fatty acid composition, four kinds of oils with different fatty acid compositions were selected: rape seed (RS); sunflower oil as a high oleic (HO); safflower oil as high linoleic (HL); and, perilla oil as high linolenic (HLn) oils. The emissions of volatile aldehydes were determined during the deep‐frying of sliced potatoes by using the above fresh test oils or deteriorated RS oils. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in volatile aldehyde emission and profile between the DAG‐OIL and TAG‐OIL with the fatty acid composition of RS, HL, and HLn. Although a statistically significant difference was noted in the volatile aldehyde emission between the DAG‐OIL and TAG‐OIL with HO, this difference was extremely small when compared to the variations found in the oils with four types of fatty acid composition. Finally, no difference was found in the volatile aldehyde emissions between the deteriorated DAG‐OIL and TAG‐OIL, although volatile aldehyde emissions increased with frying time. In addition, the acrylamide contents in potato chips prepared with RS–DAG or RS–TAG were at comparable levels.
Reproductive success of Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. incarnata (Orchidaceae): the effects of population size and plant visibility
Authors: Vallius Elisa , Lammi Antti , Kuitunen Markku 
Published: April 2008

Reproduction of plants pollinated solely by flower‐visiting animals depends on the ability of the population and each of its flowering member to attract pollinators. Factors affecting the pollination of nectarless species differ somewhat from those affecting the pollination of rewarding species due to the avoidance behaviour of pollinators after visiting empty flowers.We studied a non‐mimic food‐deceptive orchid, Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. incarnata, in 16 populations in central Finland to examine if population properties and plant size affected reproductive success of plants.We found that the number of flowering plants increased total pollinia removal and seed production of the population, but had no effect on reproduction of individual plants. Dactylorhiza incarnata occurred in open mires with virtually no rewarding species in the neighbourhood, but the distance from the forest edge did not have any effect on reproduction. However, increased variation in the number of flowers among within‐population plants enhanced plant reproductive success. The increased variation probably hampered the learning process of flower visitors. Plant size affected reproductive success only in populations with a high general reproductive success indicating that in the rarely visited populations, pollination of individual plants is mainly affected by random effects.
Feasibility of prophylaxis and immune tolerance induction regimens in haemophilic children using fully implantable central venous catheters
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio , Sartori Angelo , Agliardi Andrea , Santagostino Elena 
Published: April 2008

SummaryVenous access represents the major barrier to the feasibility of prophylaxis and immune tolerance induction (ITI) in haemophilic children. Ports improve treatment feasibility, but their duration is limited by infectious complications. This study aimed at evaluating whether or not ports allow haemophilic children to maintain the treatment regimen in the long term. Children were prospectively followed‐up and underwent port removal either for complications or transition to peripheral veins. Of 27 ports (17 used for prophylaxis and 10 for ITI), 25 were removed after a median of 3·3 years. Inhibitor children showed a younger age at port insertion (P = 0·02), an earlier occurrence of infections (P = 0·006) at a higher rate (P = 0·00001) and an earlier removal for infection (P = 0·05) than non‐inhibitor patients. Daily port use was associated with earlier infections at a higher rate compared to less frequent use (P = 0·02). Port removal after a median of 0·8 years prevented ITI completion in 50% of children, while it hampered the maintenance of prophylaxis in 27% of patients. This study showed that ports improved the feasibility of prophylaxis in the majority of non‐inhibitor children, while they were not suitable for inhibitor children who require a prolonged ITI regimen with daily infusions.
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors and their potential role in therapy for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: April 2008

SummaryNovel strategies are required for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients who are not eligible for intensive chemotherapy and/or allogenic stem cell transplantation. As activating RAS mutations are frequent in these diseases, one novel approach, consisting of interfering with isoprenylation of RAS proteins by farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), has been proposed. Clinical phase II studies with the oral FTIs tipifarnib and lonafarnib in previously untreated AML, MDS and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia yielded rather encouraging results while results in relapsed and/or refractory AML were disappointing. Results of a phase III trial in untreated AML in the elderly with tipifarnib were also disappointing. Clinical responses were not related to RAS mutations, suggesting additional actions of FTIs on other molecular targets. The combination of existing FTIs with other treatments, such as chemotherapy (in AML) and hypomethylating agents (in MDS and AML), is under investigation. Ongoing studies will also determine if gene profiling analysis may help to identify patients that will respond to FTIs.
The use of intravenous iron in patients with cancer‐related anaemia
Authors: Littlewood T. J. , Alikhan R. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIntravenous iron has become the standard of care in patients with renal failure receiving treatment with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) to treat true and functional iron deficiency and to prevent its development in haemodialysis patients. In cancer‐related anaemia, several recently published, randomised studies suggested that intravenous iron improved haemoglobin response rates in ESA‐treated patients compared to those treated with oral iron or placebo. The data supporting the efficacy of intravenous iron instead of oral iron in this setting are increasingly persuasive but larger randomised trials are needed before definitive recommendations are made.
Advances in the understanding of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jares Pedro , Campo Elías 
Published: April 2008

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a well‐defined lymphoid neoplasm characterized by a proliferation of mature B lymphocytes expressing CD5 that may show a spectrum of morphological and phenotypic features broader than initially described. Although some patients may follow an indolent clinical evolution, in most of them the tumour has an aggressive behaviour with poor response to conventional chemotherapy. The genetic hallmark is the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation leading to the overexpression of cyclin D1, which is considered the initial oncogenic event. In addition to this translocation, MCL may carry a high number of secondary chromosomal and molecular alterations that target regulatory elements of the cell cycle machinery and senescence (BMI1/INK4/ARF/CDK4/RB1), DNA damage response pathways (ATM/CHK2/p53), and cell survival signals. The knowledge of these mechanisms and their influence on the behaviour of the tumour are facilitating the development of prognostic models with a more precise prediction of the clinical evolution of the patients. This information coupled with the availability of a new generation of innovative drugs targeting basic molecular process of the tumour cells, should facilitate the design of new therapeutic protocols able to overcome the resistance of this aggressive lymphoma to conventional treatments and improve the life expectancy of the patients.
The relationship between physical fitness and motor competence in children
Authors: Haga M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground  This study examined the relationship between physical fitness and motor competence in children aged 9–10 years.Methods  A sample of 67 children (mean age 9.7, SD 0.3 year) participated in the study. To assess motor competence, each child completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Physical fitness was measured by the Test of Physical Fitness, comprising nine different tasks including running, jumping, throwing and climbing.Results  The results show a strong and significant correlation between motor competence and physical fitness within the sample.Conclusions  These results are relevant to the work of maintaining and developing both sufficient physical fitness and motor competence in children as these factors are important contributors to their health and well‐being.