bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing Benzodiazepines and Opioids and Clinical Characteristics Associated With 30-Day Hospital Return in Patients Aged ≥75 Years: Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Park Juyoung , Engstrom Gabriella , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The current study compared prevalence of opioid or benzodiazepine (BZD) prescription and co-prescription of opioids and BZD at discharge and return to a community hospital within 30 days, as well as identified clinical characteristics associated with hospital return in patients aged ≥75 years.

Method:
A secondary analysis of a database created during implementation of the Safe Transitions for At Risk Patients program at a 400-bed community teaching hospital in south Florida was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant demographic and clinical characteristics associated with return to the hospital within 30 days of discharge.

Results:

A total of 24,262 participants (52.6% women) with a mean age of 85.3 (
SD
= 6.42) years were included. More than 20% in each central nervous system prescription group (i.e., opioids only, BZD only, opioids and BZD) returned to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. Demographic and chronic conditions (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes) and poly-pharmacy were significant factors of a 30-day return to the hospital.

Conclusion:

Findings highlight the importance of hospital nurses' role in identifying high-risk patients, educating patients and caregivers, monitoring them closely, communicating with primary care physicians and specialists, and conducting intensive follow up via telephone to avoid 30-day rehospitalization. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(4), 25–33.]
Dementia-Related Disparities in Adult Day Centers: Results of a Bivariate Analysis
Authors: Bofao Jonelle , Bergh Marissa , Zheng Amy , Sadarangani Tina 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Adult day services (ADS) are a valuable resource for people living with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) and serve a large population of late-life immigrants, often with limited English proficiency (LEP). This secondary data analysis examined potential disparities in diagnosis, dementia severity, medical complexity, and dementia-related behavioral problems in persons with AD/ADRD with LEP within the ADS setting.

Method:
The current study used data from TurboTAR, the electronic health record for ADS in California. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine differences in clinical management for those with and without LEP.

Results:
Of 3,053 participants included in the study, 42.3% had LEP. Participants with LEP had higher rates of emergency department use and medication mismanagement. However, due to non-standard data collection, there was a significant amount of missing data on language preference (38.1%) and race/ethnicity (46.5%). Although these findings suggest LEP may play a role in the clinical management of persons with AD/ADRD in ADS, missing data caused by lack of standardized collection compromise the results.

Conclusion:

It is essential to improve data collection practices in ADS on language, race, and ethnicity to help identify health disparities and promote equitable care for marginalized older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(4), 42–47.]
Virtual Staff Training to Support Communication for Older Adults With Untreated Hearing Loss in Care Settings
Authors: Mamo Sara K. , Wheeler Kara A. , Garrity Katherine 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The current quasi-experimental study aimed to develop and evaluate a virtual staff training on age-related hearing loss at a care organization for older adults.

Method:
Training included the use of affordable headset amplifiers and a hands-on activity in which hearing loss was simulated. Staff were encouraged to offer amplifiers to assist in communication given the high prevalence of untreated hearing loss among older adults and the increased communication difficulty that results from mask-wearing.

Results:

Quantitative results (
N
= 51) from the pre/post questionnaire suggest that staff members gained knowledge about hearing loss and communication through the training session. Qualitative data over the 6-month post training suggest that some older adults had not only improved speech understanding but also improved quality of interactions with staff. The main reasons for not using the amplifiers were that staff would forget they had access to the amplifiers or the older adult would refuse to use the device.

Conclusion:

This article highlights successes of the training as well as ideas for future trainings suggested by staff members. A key finding was the need to identify a core group of staff members who would be charged with facilitating use of personal amplification for older adults in the organization. In addition, providing multiple brief trainings over time was suggested to improve adoption of good communication practices among staff. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(4), 48–56.]
Myeloid Cells and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Are Required for TCRαβ Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Colon Epithelium
Authors: Danielson Sarah Mann , Lefferts Adam R , Norman Eric , Regner Emilie H , Schulz Hanna M , Sansone-Poe Danielle , Orlicky David J , Kuhn Kristine A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are T cells important for the maintenance of barrier integrity in the intestine. Colon IELs are significantly reduced in both MyD88-deficient mice and those lacking an intact microbiota, suggesting that MyD88-mediated detection of bacterial products is important for the recruitment and/or retention of these cells. Here, using conditionally deficient MyD88 mice, we show that myeloid cells are the key mediators of TCRαβ+ IEL recruitment to the colon. Upon exposure to luminal bacteria, myeloid cells produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in a MyD88-dependent fashion. TCRαβ+ IEL recruitment may be blocked using the S1P receptor antagonist FTY720, confirming the importance of S1P in the recruitment of TCRαβ+ IELs to the colon epithelium. Finally, using the TNFΔARE/+ model of Crohn’s-like bowel inflammation, we show that disruption of colon IEL recruitment through myeloid-specific MyD88 deficiency results in reduced pathology. Our results illustrate one mechanism for recruitment of a subset of IELs to the colon.
The paucity of high-level evidence for therapy in pediatric cardiology
Authors: Littman Emily , Hsiao Diana , Gautham Kanekal S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Clinical practice should be based on the highest quality of evidence available. Therefore, we aimed to classify publications in the field of pediatric cardiology in the year 2021 based on the level of scientific evidence

Materials and Methods:
A PubMed search was performed to identify pediatric cardiology articles published in the calendar year 2021. The abstract or manuscript of each study was reviewed. Each study was categorized as high, medium, or low level of evidence based on the study design. Disease investigated, treatment studied, and country of publication were recorded. Randomized control trials (RCTs) in similar fields of neonatology and adult cardiology were identified for comparison. Descriptive statistics were performed on the level of evidence, type of disease, country of publication, and therapeutic intervention.

Results:
In 2021, 731 studies were identified. A decrease in prevalence for the level of evidence as a function of low, medium, and high was found (50.1%, 44.2%, and 5.8%, respectively). A low level of evidence studies was the majority for all types of cardiac disease identified, including acquired heart disease, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, and heart failure, and for treatment modalities, including circulatory support, defibrillator, percutaneous intervention, medicine, and surgery. In a subgroup analysis, most high-level evidence studies were from the USA (31%), followed by China (26.2%) and India (14.3%). Comparing RCTs, 21 RCTs were identified in pediatric cardiology compared to 178 in neonatology and 413 in adult ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions:
There is a great need for the conduct of studies that offer a high level of evidence in the discipline of pediatric cardiology.
Lack of “ventricular interdependence” in constrictive pericarditis and atrial septal defect
Authors: Kalyani Maulik , Champaneri Bhavik , Kothari Shyam S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Ventricular interdependence, i.e., reciprocal variations in the left and right ventricle pressures with respiration, is a hallmark of the hemodynamic diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP). Similarly, respiratory variations in the mitral and tricuspid valve Doppler inflow velocities on echocardiogram are very helpful in the diagnosis of CP. We document the absence of such variations in a patient with CP and associated atrial septal defect. It is important to be mindful of this intuitively obvious fact; otherwise, the diagnosis of CP might be missed.
Tubercular pseudoaneurysm of the axillary artery
Authors: Kadiyani Lamk , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Kumar Sanjeev , Ramakrishnan Pradeep 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Tuberculous (TB) involvement of the vascular system has been reported in the preantibiotic era. We, hereby, report a case involving a teenage boy who presented to us with left upper limb pain followed by gradually progressive motor and sensory deficit over 1 month with preceding history of tuberculosis. Examination revealed a palpable, noncompressible, nonpulsatile swelling superior to the lateral third of the clavicle. Imaging through ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a pseudoaneurysm with compression of the underlying nerves. The child underwent surgical thrombectomy with pseudoaneurysm repair and arteriorrhaphy along with antitubercular medications with complete recovery at 6 months. The tissue staining, nucleic acid amplification tests, and histopathology confirmed TB etiology. Tuberculosis continues to remain a major health concern, especially in the developing world. High index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose such manifestations to avoid catastrophic sequelae.
Preheating effect on microhardness and depth of cure of three bulk-fill composite resins: An in vitro study
Authors: Sahetia Aashna Sunil , Jain Divya Rupesh , Sirsat Padmaja Panditrao , Gulve Meenal N. , Kolhe Swapnil J. , Patel Surbhi P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of preheating on microhardness and depth of cure of three bulk-fill composite resins.

Methods:
Three bulk-fill composite resins were used; Group I: Filtek Bulk Fill, Group II: Beautifil Bulk Restorative and Group III: Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill. Further each group was divided into two subgroups, Sub Group A: Discs were prepared using nonheated composite, Sub Group B: Discs were prepared using preheated composite. A total of 60 disc shaped specimens were prepared and microhardness (Vickers Microhardness Number [VHN]) of the top and bottom surfaces of the disc specimens were measured by Vickers microhardness tester. The ratio of the bottom surface VHN to the top surface VHN was used to calculate the depth of cure.

Results:
Preheated groups showed higher VHN values as compared to nonheated groups. Group II showed higher VHN value as compared to Group I in both subgroups. Group III showed the least VHN values in both subgroups. VHN values were maximum on top surfaces and minimum on the bottom surfaces for all the groups. It was found that the highest depth of cure was 0.71 while lowest depth of cure was 0.62.

Conclusion:
Preheating resulted in higher VHN values compared to nonheating. Top surface VHN values were better as compared to bottom surface VHN values for all groups. The depth of cure showed satisfactory results for all groups.
Evaluation of Endothelin-1 as a Marker of Endothelial Activation in Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia in a tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Dirisu I.M. , Awodu O.A. , Nwogoh B. 
Published: April 2024

Background: Endothelial activation, which often occurs in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) patients as a result of oxidative stress, may lead to endothelial dysfunction and acute inflammation. Evaluation of endothelin-1 levels in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) may help identify therapeutic targets in the management of SCD.
Materials and Methods: This study aims to assess the role of endothelial activation in the pathophysiology of VOC using endothelin-1 in patients with sickle cell disease managed at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State between April 2018 and August 2019. Thirty-five patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) were evaluated during VOC and later re-evaluated in steady-state. Thirty-five HbAA subjects, matched for age and sex with the SCA population were recruited as controls. Endothelin -1 (ET1) concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: The age range of the SCA patients was 18 – 45 years with a mean SD of 27.7 + 6.7 years. The mean endothelin-1 levels in SCA patients in steady state, VOC and control subjects were 9.35mM, 13.79mM and 4.80mM respectively. The mean ET-1 levels in SCA patients in steady-state and VOC was significantly increased compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between ET-1 and number of VOCs per year (p = 0.108) and the number of admissions per year (p < 0.005).
Conclusion: SCA is associated with increased endothelial activation which may contribute to the pathogenesis of VOC. This finding may be important in determining the role of the use of antiinflammatory therapies in the management of SCD.
Prevalence of Occupational Burnout among Healthcare Workers in Government-owned Health Facilities in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojeogwu C.I. , Aboloje E.A. , Afamefuna F.U. , Osuvwe C.O. , Israel O.E. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: One of the serious issues facing global health care systems, patient care, and patient safety is burnout among health care workers which is a psychological condition affecting people who work at a job for a prolonged period of time and are exposed to interpersonal and emotional pressures. This study evaluated the prevalence of occupational burnout among health care workers in government-owned health facilities in Delta State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted for this investigation. Stratified (proportionate) random sampling was adopted and the questionnaire was self-administered to 140 respondents. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), was used to measure the prevalence of occupational burnout.
Results: Burnout scores were divided into low, average, and high categories. Out of the 140 study subjects, 113 (80.7%) were females and 27 (19.3%) were males giving a male to female ratio of 1:4.0. The workplace morbidity/lifestyle of respondents revealed that 6 (4.3%) were diagnosed with health problems prior to commencement of their current job and 38 (27.1%) were diagnosed with health problems on their current job. The majority of the respondents had musculoskeletal pain while 7.9% of the respondents had diabetes mellitus. As a result of stress in the workplace, 72 (51.4%) were overeating, 40 (28.6%) were inactive, 2 (1.4%) had increased use of alcohol. The findings in this study indicated that workload (30.7%) and shift work (20.0%) were the major sources of occupational burnout experienced by the HCWs with the overall prevalence of occupational burnout at 45.0%.
Conclusion: The study suggests the need for policy intervention from the health authorities of the state hospitals and the PHCs with regards to improving staff welfare, improving work family balance and effective family support from the family to reduce occupational burnout among HCWs.
Stature Estimation using Tibia Length in Young Adults of Urhobo Ethnic Group, in South-south, Nigeria
Authors: Enakpoya P.O. , Eboh D.E.O. , Akpovona O.S. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Estimating stature is an essential part of the identification of human skeletal remains or body parts. The purpose of this study was to estimate stature using tibia length among young Urhobo Adults.
Materials and method: 350 subjects (144 males and 206 females) were utilized for the study. Stature was measured using a stadiometer and tibia length was measured using a digital Vernier calliper. The independent and paired samples t-test, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression equations were employed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
Results: The mean height in males was 174.22cm and females was 163.97cm, the mean Right tibia length was 40.48cm in males and 37.67cm in females while the left tibia length was 40.41cm and 37.63cm in males and females respectively. There was significant difference between right and left tibia length in males and the general population (p<0.001). However, females showed no significant difference (p>0.05). There was a strong positive significant association between stature and bone lengths (r>0.8, p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the estimated and actual stature for subjects using the general and group-specific regression formulas (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The study showed that males have significantly higher mean values of parameters measured than females. Right tibia length was significantly longer than the left in males and total population. Groupspecific formula gave more accurate results than the general formula making them better suited to estimate stature in forensic cases. Hence, tibia length can be used as an important tool in forensic examination as they provide elements of accuracy in stature determination.
Bibliometric Analysis of Researches on Urology and Covid-19; WOS Example
Authors: Untan Ibrahim , Dadalı Mümtaz , Erşekerci Erol , Bağbancı Muhammet Şahin 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: As Covid-19 is a new disease, it has a complex and broad nature. It takes serious time to catch up with the developments in such a literature that is expanding day by day. For this reason, the bibliometric analysis may be at the top of the quantitative researches applied in order to examine and research studies in the fields of “urology” and “covid-19” and to provide literature information in a short time and, to raise awareness in this field. This study aims to reveal the bibliometric analyzes and trends of 1616 studies published in the fields of “urology” and “covid-19” since the pandemic broke out. In this way, it was aimed to provide researchers with basic information about the field of research on these subjects, in which countries it was conducted, and in which journals it was mostly published.
Methods: Using the Web of Science Core Collection Database, an bibliometric analysis was carried out on the topic of “urology” and “covid-19” in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 years range. The results were compared with the “urology” publications of the same period. trends were also evaluated with different data using free online visual software (carrot2).
Results: A total of 5481 articles cited these studies 13036 times. The most common document type was the article, the most frequently researched area was Urology & Nephrology, the most used language was English, the most published journal was Journal of Urology, the most publicized country was the USA, and the most contributing institution was the Udice University.
Conclusions This infectious disease, which disrupts the balance of the world, has also changed the balance of the publications in its favor. Urologists have been very diligent in researches on “urology” and “covid-19” while struggling with the pandemic.
The Interrelationship Between Physical Activity and Cognition in Turkish Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Kocak Seda , Çalışkan Hasan , Karakullukçu Serdar , Pektaş Ferhat 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Although being physically active may not seem more important to medical students than their classes, physical activity is important for human health. As seen in different methodological studies, physical activity affects cognitive functions. Few of these studies are related to youth. Therefore, we aimed to analyze medical students physical activity and cognitive parameters and their association between each other in cross sectional study.
Materials and Methods:138 students from all classes of a medical faculty were included in the study. Medical students completed three scales. Physical activity was determined by the IPAQ-SF. Cognitive variables were measured by autonomous learning and cognitive flexibility scale.
Results: The results revealed that total, vigorous and moderate physical activity differed significantly between female and male students. Similarly independence of learning was influenced by sex assigned at birth. First three years students’ cognitive flexibility scores were higher than last three year ones (p=0.001). Cognitive flexibility has decreased over the years in medicine.
Conclusion: According to the correlation analysis reported in the study, there was no conclusive link between physical activity and cognitive abilities. Cognitive function studies such as autonomous learning and cognitive flexibility, whose effectiveness has not been the subject of much research in medical education and physical activities should be investigated more in future.
Decision-making for Postoperative Care in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Minor Surgeries using Mini Mental State Examination, Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living and CSHA-Clinical Frailty Scale
Authors: Arslan Fatma Nur , Üzümcügil Filiz , Kantar Başak 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The prediction of postoperative outcome following major surgeries in elderly patients requires a decision-making process, which was suggested to be constructed on data pertaining to the cognitive function, functional status and frailty. We aimed to evaluate their predictive value for minor surgeries.
Material and Methods: Patients, ≥65 years of age with ASA 1-3, scheduled for elective minor surgeries between January-June 2019 were enrolled. MMSE, Barthel Index (BI) of ADL and CSHA-CFS were used to evaluate the cognitive function, functional status and frailty on admission, respectively. The MMSE cut-off point was 24 and the frailty cut-off point was 4. The relationships of these parameters with postoperative status either as outpatient or inpatient, PACU stay, LOS in hospital and readmission within 30 days were evaluated.
Results: Ninety-nine patients were included. The MMSE scores, BIs and CSHA-CFS scores were similar in all groups. The number of inpatients were higher among patients either with MMSE 2 (n=20 (83.3%)) (p=0.023). The patients with ASA>2 had higher probability of length of stay >1 day (p=0.036) and for PACU stay (p=0.042) irrespective of frailty score. There was no correlation with readmission within 30 days.
Conclusion: ASA>2 was correlated with inpatient status when associated with MMSE1 day in the elderly after minor surgeries. CSHA-CFS ≥4 was also correlated with inpatient status independently.