bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Authors: Liang Pei , Cui Jian‐Zhou , Yang Xiu‐Qing , Gao Xi‐Wu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have become serious pests of cotton and vegetable crops in China since the early 1990s. In recent years, however, B. tabaci have broken out more frequently and widely than have T. vaporariorum. The B. tabaci biotype B has also developed higher resistance to several insecticides. Here, the effects of four different host plants on the insecticide susceptibility of B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum have been compared. The LC50 values of imidacloprid, abamectin, deltamethrin and omethoate in T. vaporariorum reared on cucumber were significantly higher than those in B. tabaci (the LC50 values in T. vaporariorum were respectively 3.13, 2.63, 2.78 and 6.67 times higher than those in B. tabaci). On the other hand, the B. tabaci population reared on cotton was more tolerant to all four insecticides tested than the T. vaporariorum population from the same host, especially to abamectin (up to 8.4‐fold). The effects of the four host plants on the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE) in B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum were also compared. The results showed that, although the CarE activity of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum varied depending on the host plants, the B. tabaci population possessed significantly higher CarE activity than the T. vaporariorum population reared on the same host plant. This was especially so on cucumber and cotton, where the CarE activities of the B. tabaci population were over 1.6 times higher than those of T. varporariorum. The frequency profiles for this activity in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum populations reared on same host plant were apparently different. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of the lattice discreteness on magnetic ordering in nanostructures and nanoarrays
Authors: Vedmedenko E. Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe article attempts to analyze the effect of lattice discreteness on the magnetic ordering in nanostructures and nanoarrays. The discussion starts with a basic introduction of the theoretical methods for the description of the magnetic ordering. Next it is shown that the discrete nature of an atomic lattice may lead to the size‐driven reorientation of magnetization in nanoparticles, i.e., the magnetization direction can be changed by shrinking the lateral size, keeping the thickness fixed. It is demonstrated that in finite nanomagnets the shape anisotropy can be divided into the discrete and continuum contributions. Then the orientation of magnetic domain walls in low‐symmetry objects is discussed. It is shown theoretically that in nanomagnets of monolayer thickness the mechanism of the orientation of domain walls is different from that of bulk systems and is mainly determined by the discreteness of the atomic lattice and the exchange energy. In the last part the theoretical study of magnetostatically interacting nanoarrays is presented. Special attention is paid to the influence of the underlaying lattice symmetry and the higher order multipolar terms on the magnetic ordering. It is demonstrated that the multipole‐multipole interactions lead to an enhancement/decrease of the coercivity in arrays with in‐plane/out‐of‐plane magnetization, respectively. In each section of the manuscript the agreement between the theory and recent experimental results is analyzed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Graphical approaches to the analysis of safety data from clinical trials
Authors: Amit Ohad , Heiberger Richard M. , Lane Peter W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatient safety has always been a primary focus in the development of new pharmaceutical products. The predominant method for statistical evaluation and interpretation of safety data collected in a clinical trial is the tabular display of descriptive statistics. There is a great opportunity to enhance evaluation of drug safety through the use of graphical displays, which can convey multiple pieces of information concisely and more effectively than can tables. Graphs can be used in an exploratory setting to help identify emerging safety signals, or in a confirmatory setting as a tool to elucidate known safety issues. We developed several graphical displays for routine safety data collected during a clinical trial, covering a broad range of graphical techniques, and illustrate here 10 specific graphical designs, many of which display the data along with statistics derived from them. Two are simple plots, comparing distributions in the form of boxplots or cumulative plots, and four more display data and summaries over time, comparing information from two groups in terms of distribution (with boxplots), cumulative incidence, hazard, or simply means with error bars. The other four are multi‐panel displays: one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional arrays of scatterplots, a trellis of individual profiles, and a paired dotplot displaying risk together with relative risk. The displays focus on key safety endpoints in clinical trials including the QT interval from electrocardiograms, laboratory measurements for detecting hepatotoxicity, and adverse events of special interest. We discuss in detail the statistical and graphical principles underlying the production and interpretation of the displays. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impulsive stabilization of delayed neural networks with and without uncertainty
Authors: Li Chuandong , Liao Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany dynamic systems in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and information science have impulsive dynamical behaviours due to abrupt jumps at certain instants during the dynamical process, and these complex dynamic behaviours can be modelled by impulsive differential systems. This paper formulates and studies the impulsive stabilization of the Hopfield‐type delayed neural networks with and without uncertainty. Several criteria guaranteeing stabilization of such systems are established by employing Lyapunov‐like stability theorem, linear matrix inequality approach, and other inequality techniques. A simple approach to the design of an impulsive controller is then presented. Two numerical examples are given for illustration of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching the theory of evolution in social, intellectual, and pedagogical context
Authors: Anderson Ronald D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTeaching the theory of evolution in classrooms takes place in a social, intellectual, and pedagogical context which must be considered with care if students are to receive a complete and authentic education. In addition to the science education literature on this topic, attention is directed to the expanding literature on science and religion, as well as the writing on religion and education. With attention to the contentious social context in which the theory of evolution is taught today, as well as the worldviews students bring to the classroom, a case is made for teaching the theory of evolution in a manner that takes account of the questions students bring with them and the broader philosophical considerations that impinge upon their thinking. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 91:664–677, 2007
Metaphors: a creative expression of holistic nursing
Authors: Sharoff Leighsa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHolistic nursing is a personal expression of the practitioner's philosophy that includes participating in the caring process of self and others. Certified holistic nurses (HNCs) are individuals who encompass the knowledge and skills of holism and integrate them into a mutually participatory relationship. Metaphors are a personal expression of an experience or situation. The application of encouraging HNCs to express their practice as a metaphor is a natural progression in qualitative research. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of utilizing metaphors as a qualitative research methodology and to describe the holistic nurse's practice as a metaphor. Qualitative data from interviews with 10 experienced certified holistic nurses (HNCs) provided for the descriptive metaphorical expression of being a holistic nurse. The metaphorical language provided useful insights into the reflective process of being a holistic nurse. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healing and the soul: finding the future in the past
Authors: Collins Mick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses a rationale for the inclusion of the soul in modern healthcare practice. It is proposed that, in order to develop a holistic perspective, health professionals need to consider a balance between scientific and technological interventions and the healing experiences associated with the soul. Physicians in the UK and the USA are currently discussing the merits of addressing holism through the practice of integrated medicine. This paper identifies that the development of holism in mainstream healthcare is dependent on all the health professions working together to establish an integrated approach to healthcare. It is being proposed that the care of the soul is vital to the experience of healing and holism. The historical antecedents that form a basis for the art and science of healing are discussed with recommendations for modern healthcare practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On constitutive inequalities in nonlinear theory of elastic shells
Authors: Eremeyev V. , Zubov L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConstitutive inequalities in general static and dynamic theory of elastic shells undergoing finite deformation are discussed. Constitutive inequalities are well known in continuum mechanics. They express physical or mathematical restrictions for constitutive equations of 3D elastic materials. In this paper we discuss the analogs of the strong ellipticity, Hadamard and Coleman‐Noll (GCN‐condition) inequalities for nonlinear elastic shells. It is shown that the GCN‐condition implies the strong elipticity for shell theory whereas the strong ellipticity is equivalent to the existence conditions of acceleration waves in shell.
On new phase inclusions in elastic solids
Authors: Freidin A.B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐phase deformation of an elastic body is studied by a small strain approach. Phase transformations of martensite type are implied. An arbitrary anisotropy of the phases and arbitrary transformation eigenstrains are taken into account. An additional thermodynamic condition on the equilibrium interface and a configurational force are presented in a form relating an effective strain or stress on one side of the interface and the normal to the interface. The characteristic features and the shape of the equilibrium ellipsoidal and cylindrical new phase inclusions are studied. Then the difference between the equilibrium and optimal ellipsoidal inclusions is discussed. A necessary stability conditions is proved. An expression of the configurational force acting on the interface of an ellipsoidal inclusion is derived in a form convenient for the analysis. An example of the analytical examination of the behavior of the inclusion not far from the equilibrium is given.
On the 2D models of plates and shells including the transversal shear
Authors: Tovstik P. , Tovstik T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 2D Kirchhoff–Love (KL) theory and the Timoshenko–Reissner (TR) theory for thin shells made of the transversally isotropic, homogeneous material are discussed. For the cyclic‐symmetric deformations of shells of revolution the asymptotic analysis of stress–strain states is performed. Two simple linear problems for double‐periodic deformations of plates are studied applying the exact 3D theory and the 2D approximate theories. From these problems it follows that the KL theory is asymptotically correct because it gives the first term of asymptotic expansion of the 3D solution. The TR theory is asymptotically incorrect. It gives correctly the first term only and incorrectly the second term. But if the transversal shear modulus is comparatively small then this theory gives the main part of the second term. The case of the extremely small shear modulus is discussed. As an example the multi‐layered plate with alternating hard and soft isotropic layers is studied.
Dynamic interactions between parametric pendulum and electro‐dynamical shaker
Authors: Xu X. , Pavlovskaia E. , Wiercigroch M. , Romeo F. , Lenci S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the dynamic interactions between a parametric pendulum and an electro‐dynamical shaker aiming to explain a weak correlation between the theoretical predictions obtained for a parametric pendulum model and the experimental results for pendulum rig driven by the shaker. In particular, the quasi‐periodic rotations were found experimentally to be co‐existing with the period one rotations, where no such motion can be predicted for parametric pendulum with an ideal parametric excitation. First the experimental setup including the pendulum, the shaker and data acquisition system is described. Then the electro‐dynamical shaker is modelled as two and a half degrees‐of‐freedom system. Next the parameters of the system have been identified by static and dynamic tests. Finally, comparisons between theoretical and experimental results were made for the pendulum–shaker system and a good agreement was obtained for a wide range of the system parameters.
Different effects of coarse woody material on the species diversity of three saproxylic beetle families (Cerambycidae, Melandryidae, and Curculionidae)
Authors: Ohsawa Masashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationships between coarse woody material (CWM) and the diversity of three saproxylic beetle families (Cerambycidae, Melandryidae, and Curculionidae) were investigated. These three families responded differently toward the quality and quantity of CWM. The species richness of cerambycid beetles increased in forests with more CWM in the early stage of decomposition. The richness of saproxylic curculionids increased in stands with more tree species. No clear trend was evident for melandryid diversity. The CWM differed in quality and quantity among three forest types [middle‐aged larch (Larix kaempferi [Lamb.] Carrière) plantation, secondary forest, and old‐growth forest] and between two forest‐management practices (thinning and long rotation). Forest type and management practices affected CWM and the number of tree species, and CWM and the number of tree species influenced the diversity of saproxylic families differently. Because each decomposition stage is considered to be important for saproxylic beetles at the species level, a constant supply of CWM is necessary to maintain a suitable balance of CWM through these decomposition stages in forests to maintain the diversity of saproxylic beetles.
Enhanced Oleic Acid Content in the Soybean Mutant M23 Is Associated with the Deletion in the Fad2‐1a Gene Encoding a Fatty Acid Desaturase
Authors: Sandhu Devinder , Alt Jessie L. , Scherder Curtis W. , Fehr Walter R. , Bhattacharyya Madan K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOleic acid is one of the three major unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil. Expression of the embryo‐specific Fad2‐1 gene correlates with fatty acid biosynthesis and oil deposition in developing seeds. Elevated levels of oleate in the X‐ray‐induced mutant line M23 have been shown to be associated with the deletion of a Fad2‐1 gene. In soybean, two homologs of the Fad2‐1 gene, termed Fad2‐1a (L43920) and Fad2‐1b (AY611472), presumably encode functional embryo‐specific fatty acid desaturase. The objectives of this investigation were to determine which copy of the Fad2‐1 gene is associated with the increased oleate content in the mutant line and what is the relative transcript abundance of these two embryo‐specific genes. PCR and DNA blot analyses showed that increased oleate content in M23 mutant was associated with the deletion of Fad2‐1a. These results were further validated using five independent soybean populations developed by crossing mid‐oleate and normal‐oleate parents. Investigation of the soybean expressed sequence tag database and reverse transcription PCR analyses revealed that Fad2‐1b is the predominantly transcribed copy of the Fad2‐1 gene. We hypothesize that null mutation in Fad2‐1b in the fad2‐1a mutant background should further elevate the oleic contents of soybean oil.
Cisplatin cytotoxicity is enhanced with zoledronic acid in A549 lung cancer cell line: Preliminary results of an in vitro study
Authors: Ozturk O.H. , Bozcuk H. , Burgucu D. , Ekinci D. , Ozdogan M. , Akca S. , Yildiz M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe tested whether zoledronic acid, a biphosphonate with proposed apoptotic activity, augmented the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and/or gemcitabine in A549 lung cancer cell line. This cell line was subjected to different concentrations of the above chemotherapeutic agents and zoledronic acid. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrasodium bromide) assay. Particularly, zoledronic acid in 100 micromolar (μM) concentration augmented the cytotoxicity by cisplatin 1 μg/ml from 25% to 70% (Z= 3.22, P= 0.0072). A significant portion of cells underwent apoptosis with or without zoledronic acid, but more so with the combination treatment as assessed by an Annexin V‐FITC apoptosis detection kit. However, 100 μM zoledronic acid showed 50% cytotoxicity on its own, but failed to improve cytotoxicity by Gemcitabine. Thus, we show for the first time in a lung cancer cell line that zoledronic acid bears cytotoxic potential on its own and in conjunction with cisplatin. The clinical potential of this finding should be further studied.
Impact of body mass index (BMI) on ventilation during low‐frequency jet ventilation
Authors: Abad Hassan Lal Dolat , Ajalloueyan Mohammad , Jalali Ali Reza 
Published: February 2007

ObjectivePercutaneous trans‐tracheal jet ventilation (PTJV) is an alternative ventilatory approach in airway surgery. We evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on ventilation during low‐frequency jet ventilation.Study Design and SettingForty‐two patients undergoing micro‐laryngeal surgery under total anesthesia were studied. Low‐frequency jet ventilation was applied through an injector inserted into the trachea via cricothyroid membrane; ventilation was assessed during the operation by arterial blood gas sampling.ResultThe age range of the patients was 43.54 ± 12.04 years, weight was 69.97 ± 11.66 kg, and BMI 24.80 ± 2.78 (mean ± SD). There was a strong correlation (P < 0.05) and a good correspondence between the BMI and mean PaCO2, and arterial pH.Conclusion and SignificanceThis method was effective in maintaining gas exchange in the presence of microlaryngeal surgery for low‐BMI patients. It provided a nice visible surgical field, avoiding the use of combustible material inside the larynx or trachea.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Endolymphatic mastoid shunt versus endolymphatic sac decompression for Ménière's disease
Authors: Brinson George M. , Chen Douglas A. , Arriaga Moisés A. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveThis study compares the efficacy of endolymphatic mastoid shunt (EMS) versus endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) without sac incision for the treatment of Ménière's disease.Study Design and SettingThe AAO‐HNS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Therapy in Ménière's disease were used to retrospectively identify suitable candidates for the study. All patients who failed medical management and underwent either endolymphatic‐mastoid shunt (EMS) (n = 88) or endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) (n = 108) were selected for review using the AAO‐HNS guidelines. The study was carried out at a tertiary care neurotology private practice.ResultsEMS and ESD were equally effective in reducing the incidence and severity of vertigo attacks with significant improvement in 67 percent and 66 percent of patients, respectively.ConclusionBoth EMS and ESD are effective, nondestructive alternatives for patients who have failed medical management of Ménière's disease with similar long‐term hearing outcomes.SignificanceThis is the only study within the same institution using AAO‐HNS guidelines comparing EMS versus ESD.
Evaluation of the turbinate hypertrophy by computed tomography in patients with deviated nasal septum
Authors: Akoglu Ertap , Karazincir Sinem , Balci Ali , Okuyucu Şemsettin , Sumbas Haldun , Şafak Dagli Ali 
Published: February 2007

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the dimensions of the compensatory hypertrophic inferior turbinate and investigate the radiological changes in the morphology of the conchal bone in patients with septal deviation.Study DesignA retrospective chart review.MethodsThe mucosal and bone compartments of the hypertrophic turbinate were measured using computed tomography (CT) in patients with septal deviation, and the conchal bones were classified radiologically as lamellar, compact, and combined types. The results were compared with those of controls.ResultsThe dimensions of the bony and mucosal components of the inferior turbinate were significantly greater than those of controls in the anterior and middle segments, while the morphological changes in the conchal bone were not different.ConclusionThe significant bony and mucosal enlargement in the anterior and middle segments of the inferior turbinate supports turbinate reduction at the time of septoplasty and the CT findings should be considered when making a decision about the reduction type.
Antimicrobial resistance trends among sinus isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States (2001–2005)
Authors: Sahm Daniel F. , Benninger Michael S. , Evangelista Alan T. , Yee Y. Cheung , Thornsberry Clyde , Brown Nina P. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveTo test the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae sinus isolates collected across the United States against commonly used antimicrobial agents.Study Design and SettingS. pneumoniae sinus isolates (N = 847) collected as part of the Tracking Resistance in the US Today Surveillance Program from 2001 to 2005 were tested against 8 antimicrobial agents.ResultsIn ascending order, the relative activities (% susceptible) were penicillin (51.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (57.6%), erythromycin (59.5%), cefuroxime (62.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (85.5%), clindamycin (86.1%), levofloxacin (99.4%), and linezolid (100%; for 2004 and 2005 respiratory seasons, only). Resistance rates over the 5 years remained generally stable, although resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate nearly doubled (from 6.5% to 12.9%). Forty percent of isolates were resistant to ≥2 agents tested.Conclusions and SignificanceSusceptibility trends among sinus S. pneumoniae isolates appear to have stabilized over the past 5 years. Resistance rates remain elevated for penicillin and macrolides, whereas the high prevalence of multidrug resistance remains a concern.