bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive measurement of phenylalanine by iontophoretic extraction in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Longo N. , Li S. K. , Yan G. , Kochambilli R. P. , Papangkorn K. , Berglund D. , Ghanem A.‐H. , Ashurst C. L. , Ernst S. L. , Pasquali M. , Higuchi W. I. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryPhenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated concentrations of phenylalanine. Elevated phenylalanine concentrations can impair intellectual functions and the disease is treated with a lifelong diet and frequent monitoring of plasma phenylalanine concentrations. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated the feasibility of iontophoretically enhanced transdermal transport of phenylalanine. Here we evaluate the feasibility of transdermal iontophoretic extraction of phenylalanine in vivo. Phenylalanine was iontophoretically extracted from the skin of healthy volunteers and of patients with phenylketonuria for up to 6 h and concentrations were compared with those measured in plasma. The amount of phenylalanine iontophoretically extracted from the skin declined over time, suggesting contribution of phenylalanine from the skin in the initial extraction. Phenylalanine iontophoretically extracted from skin correlated with plasma phenylalanine levels at plasma levels above 300 μmol/L. This correlation supports the feasibility of iontophoretic phenylalanine extraction for monitoring phenylketonuria.
On weakly harmonic maps from Finsler to Riemannian manifolds
Authors: von der Mosel Heiko , Winklmann Sven 
Published: October 2007

We prove global

C^{0,\alpha }

-estimates for harmonic maps from Finsler manifolds into regular balls of Riemannian target manifolds generalizing results of Giaquinta, Hildebrandt, and Hildebrandt, Jost and Widman from Riemannian to Finsler domains. As consequences we obtain a Liouville theorem for entire harmonic maps on simple Finsler manifolds, and an existence theorem for harmonic maps from Finsler manifolds into regular balls of a Riemannian target.

Résumé

Nous démontrons des

C^{0,\alpha }

-estimations globales pour des applications harmoniques des variétés de Finsler dans des boules régulières des variétés riemanniennes en généralisant des résultats de Giaquinta, Hildebrandt et de Hildebrandt, Jost et Widman pour des domaines de Riemann, à des domaines de Finsler. En conséquence nous obtenons un théorème de Liouville pour des applications harmoniques entières sur des variétés de Finsler simples, et un théorème d'existence pour des applications harmoniques des variétés de Finsler dans des boules régulières d'une variété riemannienne.
An analysis of job dissatisfaction and turnover to reduce global supply chain risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Jiang Bin , Baker Revenor C. , Frazier Gregory V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSuppliers’ labor problems in developing countries have emerged as a key risk in global supply chains. In China's coastal industrial zones, where most Fortune 500 companies have established their manufacturing bases, local suppliers are facing serious labor turnover problems. High labor turnover rates have caused poor quality, low productivity, and unfilled orders in supply chains. Applying a combination of quantitative techniques to determine the reasons why workers leave China's export factories, this research tries to identify the root causes of job dissatisfaction leading to turnover and provides managerial implications that may assist managers in dealing with labor‐related supply chain risks.
Everywhere incense burning: Remembering ancestors in Đổi Mó'i Vietnam
Authors: Jellema Kate 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article explores ‘ancestor worship’ from the viewpoint of villagers in the Red River Delta, as a meaningful practice reverberating across spiritual, social and moral realms. I describe two cases of what is locally termed ‘remembering the moral debt to our grandparents’. The first case involves the personal interactions of an older unmarried woman with her deceased parents, while the second focuses on the re-incorporation of a prominent local lineage organisation. I then analyse how war, revolution and reform have shaped the way villagers ‘remember the debt’ at home and in lineage halls.
Dhammamātā: Buddhadāsa Bhikkhu's notion of motherhood in Buddhist women practitioners
Authors: Ito Tomomi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe notion of dhammamātā is one of the last items of the legacy of the late Buddhadāsa Bhikkhu. In order to accord women practitioners better social status and provide them with opportunities for spiritual training, Buddhadāsa avoided committing himself to the reintroduction of bhikkunī ordination. Instead, he proposed the notion of dhammamātā, which literally means ‘dhamma mother’. This article postulates that by using the metaphor of the mother, Buddhadāsa invited less conflict, appealing to the high respect which Thai people generally held for women. Moreover, the article argues that with dhammamātā Buddhadāsa challenged the common notion of motherhood which usually regards women as nurturers of the Sanġha. Dhammamātā nurture people's spirituality through their teaching and virtues. Whilst the social impact of dhammamātā cannot be compared to that of bhikkunī, whose yellow robes visually suggest a status equivalent to that of male bhikkhu, the concept of dhammamātā was a new creation revolving around the image of the female religious teacher, a role that Buddhist women had wanted.
Medium Optimization for the Production of Recombinant Nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Chen Po Ting , Chiang Chung‐Jen , Chao Yun‐Peng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNattokinase is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme with the potential for fighting cardiovascular diseases. Most recently, a new Bacillus subtilis/Escherichia coli (B. subtilis/E. coli) shuttle vector has been developed to achieve stable production of recombinant nattokinase in B. subtilis (Chen; et al. 2007, 23, 808–813). With this developed B. subtilis strain, the design of an optimum but cost‐effective medium for high‐level production of recombinant nattokinase was attempted by using response surface methodology. On the basis of the Plackett‐Burman design, three critical medium components were selected. Subsequently, the optimum combination of selected factors was investigated by the Box‐Behnken design. As a result, it gave the predicted maximum production of recombinant nattokinase with 71 500 CU/mL for shake‐flask cultures when the concentrations of soybean hydrolysate, potassium phosphate, and calcium chloride in medium were at 6.100, 0.415, and 0.015%, respectively. This was further verified by a duplicated experiment. Moreover, the production scheme based on the optimum medium was scaled up in a fermenter. The batch fermentation of 3 L was carried out by controlling the condition at 37 °C and dissolved oxygen reaching 20% of air saturation level while the fermentation pH was initially set at 8.5. Without the need for controlling the broth pH, recombinant nattokinase production with a yield of 77 400 CU/mL (corresponding to 560 mg/L) could be obtained in the culture broth within 24 h. In particular, the recombinant B. subtilis strain was found fully stable at the end of fermentation when grown on the optimum medium. Overall, it indicates the success of this experimental design approach in formulating a simple and cost‐effective medium, which provides the developed strain with sufficient nutrient supplements for stable and high‐level production of recombinant nattokinase in a fermenter.
Laser‐Induced Heating of Dextran‐Coated Mesocapsules Containing Indocyanine Green
Authors: Yaseen Mohammad A. , Yu Jie , Wong Michael S. , Anvari Bahman 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIndocyanine green (ICG) is a photosensitive reagent with clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Recently, ICG has been investigated for its utility as an exogenous chromophore during laser‐induced heating. However, ICGapos;s effectiveness remains hindered by its molecular instability, rapid circulation kinetics, and nonspecific systemic distribution. To overcome these limitations, we have encapsulated ICG within dextran‐coated mesocapsules (MCs). Our objective in this study was to explore the ability of MCs to induce thermal damage in response to laser irradiation. To simulate tumorous tissue targeted with MCs, cylindrical phantoms were prepared consisting of gelatin, intralipid emulsion, and various concentrations of MCs. The phantoms were embedded within fresh chicken breast tissue representing surrounding normal tissue. The tissue models were irradiated at λ = 808 nm for 10 min at constant power (P = 4.2 W). Five hypodermic thermocouples were used to record the temperature at various depths below the tissue surface and transverse distances from the laser beam central axis during irradiation. Temperature profiles were processed to remove the baseline temperature and influence of light absorption by the thermocouple and subsequently used to calculate a damage index based on the Arrhenius damage integral. Tissue models containing MCs experienced a maximum temperature change of 18.5 °C. Damage index calculations showed that the heat generation from MCs at these parameters is sufficient to induce thermal damage, while no damage was predicted in the absence of MCs. ICG maintains its heat‐generating capabilities in response to NIR laser irradiation when encapsulated within MCs. Such encapsulation provides a potentially useful methodology for laser‐induced therapeutic strategies.
Wenn die Vermittlung von Informationen auf eine Sprach-Barriere trifft – zur Zusammenarbeit mit Übersetzern
Authors: Sleptsova  
Published: October 2007

Ohne die Hilfe von Dolmetschern ist die Kommunikation zwischen ausländischen Patienten und Vertretern des Gesundheitssystems nicht möglich. Ihre Anwesenheit im Gespräch kann allerdings unterschiedliche, positive wie negative Auswirkungen haben. Unprofessionelle Übersetzer (Familienmitglieder, Mitarbeiter auf Stationen im Spital) können die medizinische Behandlung durch fehlerhafte Übersetzung negativ beeinflussen, indem sie z.B. ihre eigenen Interpretationen einfliessen lassen, wenn sie das Gesagte in die jeweils andere Sprache übertragen. Die Arbeit mit professionellen Übersetzern wird demnach deutlich vorgezogen. Andere Studien zeigen, dass professionelle Übersetzung die Qualität der Behandlung und die Zufriedenheit des Patienten mit der Behandlung positiv verändert. Eine eigentliche Professionalisierung ist eine relativ neue Entwicklung in der Geschichte medizinischer Übersetzer. Es gibt verschiedene Rollen, die der Dolmetscher übernehmen kann. Die Funktion des kulturellen Übermittlers oder Mediators geht davon aus, dass Übersetzer zwischen zwei verschiedenen Kulturen vermitteln, die in einem Gespräch aufeinander prallen. In unserer Erfahrung stehen allerdings türkisch-sprachige Dolmetscher auf Grund ihrer sozio-demographischen Charakteristika näher bei den Therapeuten als bei den Patienten. Deshalb wird diese Annahme von uns kritisch hinterfragt. Wir erläutern anhand konkreter Fallbeispiele, warum wir für die wortwörtliche Übersetzung plädieren und auf die «transkulturelle Mediation» durch Dolmetscher verzichten.
Antimicrobial activity of skin secretions isolated from Indian toad, Bufo melanostictus Schneider 1799
Authors: Garg Abhishek Dinkarnath , Kanitkar Dattatrey V. , Hippargi Rajshekhar V. , Gandhare Amit N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmphibians like toads have been known to secrete antimicrobial secretions outside their body into their environments, through skin pores and parotid glands. Toad skin-secretions contain four types of compounds namely, biogenic amines, bufadienolides, alkaloids & steroids and peptides & proteins. Bulk of research relating to amphibian antimicrobial secretions has been done on frogs. In toads, such research has only been done in South America, Europe and China. Antimicrobial secretions vary considerably from specie-to-specie and drastically across various biomes. This prompted us to examine and confirm presence of antimicrobial activity (if any) in Indian Common Toad (Bufo melanostictus Schneider 1799) skin secretions since; no such analysis had been previously done on this toad which is found all across the South-east Asia. The antibacterial potency of toad skin secretions was tested against the bacteria, Escherichia coli. After running preliminary antibacterial analysis assays, we found that these cutaneous secretions retrieved from Indian Common Toad possessed potential bactericidal activity. The results that we got confirmed that some unexplored bactericidal components were present in skin secretions of these toads. These conclusions call for further research into biochemistry and molecular characterization of these components.
Derived words in the lexicon of Polish children
Authors: Haman Ewa 
Published: October 2007

The present work is an attempt to explain how the structure of derived words influences the order of acquisition of word formation rules. Three main types of derivatives  transpositions, modifications and mutations  are investigated in Polish child language. The differences among the three categories (analyzed in nouns, verbs and adjectives) are discussed, regarding semantic and formal changes undergone in the process of forming complex words. It is claimed that semantic-formal correspondence is an essential factor influencing the order of acquisition of word formation rules. Modifications in which the correspondence is both preserved and has a simple character emerge earlier than the other types of derivatives  transpositions (the correspondence is broken) and mutations (the correspondence is complex). The proposal is said to be complementary to Clarks principles of acquisition of complex words (Clark, 1993).
Polish has a very rich word formation system (compared e.g. with English), thus the analysis of word formation acquisition in such a language seems to be especially important for developmental psycholinguistic research. The proposal is tested on four Polish childrens speech diaries available in CHILDES (Smoczynska, 1998). All data available from ages two to seven were analyzed. The analyses revealed that indeed modifications are acquired earlier than transpositions and mutations. The consequences of the finding for psycholinguistic theory are discussed.
Needs assessment in translation teaching
Authors: Li Defeng 
Published: October 2007

As we are advancing into the new millennium, changes are taking place in translation markets and technology is fast becoming omnipresent. In the face of changes and new technology, translation programs and courses must respond to the changing needs of society.

It is argued in this paper that in the process of planning/restructuring/innovating translation programs to address the changing social needs, needs assessment is crucial. Rather than sitting behind closed doors charting out the possible needs of our students, which often are considerably different from the actual needs of translators (Cheung, Xu, Chan and Yim 1993), we need to carry out serious needs assessment to find out what the real needs are.
It is further argued that needs assessment should be a continual process and take place throughout the instructional program (Burnaby 1989;Savage 1993), thus influencing materials selection, curriculum design and teaching approaches. Major assessment methods for translation programs/courses are then described in brief for reference. The paper concludes that (1) Whatever the format and focus of the needs assessment, the basic purpose is to determine what are the real needs of our students:and (2) When curriculum content, materials, and teaching approaches match social needs, student motivation and success are enhanced.
Drama translation strategies
Authors: Merino Raquel 
Published: October 2007

This paper, which deals with drama translations in Spain (English-Spanish) from 1950, presents the results of a four-stage analysis carried out on a large corpus of translated plays.
Starting from the assumption that theatre is part of the field of drama (which includes cinema and television, among other spectacles), and taking into account drama’ś inherent specificity (written to be performed), as well as its peculiar structure (dialogue versus prose) this study on translated drama posits, as a starting point, an inherently dramatic unit (réplica) which is instrumental in describing and comparing drama texts, be they translated or not.
Starting from an outline of the four-stage process adopted, this paper elaborates fundamentally on extreme cases of translation strategies (addition, deletion and adequacy), found to have been applied in each of the three extreme cases studied, relating them with a previously uncovered twofold characterization (into reading and acting editions) of the translations under scrutiny.
Too Counter-Intuitive to Believe? Pragmatic Accounts of Mixed Quotation
Authors: Reimer Marga 
Published: October 2007

Intuitively, an utterance of:
(1) Alice said that life is “difficult to understand”
would not be true unless Alice
uttered the very words “difficult to understand.” However, several recent theories of “mixed quotation” contend that the
intuition here is a misleading one. According to these theories, the truth conditions of (1) are identical to those
of:
(2) Alice said that life is difficult to understand.
On such accounts, the quotation marks in (1) are of only
pragmatic significance. That Alice uttered the quoted words is something the speaker might well convey in uttering (1); it is
not something literally expressed by the utterance itself. Whatever its theoretical motivations, these contentions are
undeniably counter-intuitive and the pragmaticist owes us an explanation of where they come from. This paper presents and
evaluates various strategies that a pragmaticist with respect to mixed quotation might appeal to in an effort to explain the
source of the counter-intuitive consequences of his theory.
Constructing n-space: establishing a conceptual framework for the management and processing of complex and dynamic networked information flow
Authors: Wilson Paul 
Published: October 2007

This article outlines aspects of a theoretical model of electronic communication design, specifically for the consumption of news. This model allows access to digital information through a process of intuitive, active exploration in a four-dimensional, dynamic and responsive environment: the n-space. I summarise its conceptual foundations and the metaphors used to describe its sense of geography and landscape, relating initially to Jay David Bolter’s notions of ‘writing spaces’ and ‘hard structures’.
Spatial relationships between information elements within the n-space are explored, the utilisation and application of axial reading – namely chronological and conceptual hierarchies – aims to develop dynamic, flexible and intuitive systems for using the n-space. Notions of boundaries and fragmentation, and of macro and micro readings are considered with certain aspects of the reading experience in the n-space model outlined, in particular the use of thematic nodes as anchoring devices to aid navigation and user-orientation in what could initially seem a disorienting environment.
Looking across the river
Authors: Galasiński Dariusz , Meinhof Ulrike H. 
Published: October 2007

The paper reports results of an ongoing ESRC-funded project into constructions of identity in German and Polish border communities. We are interested here in how our informants from different generations position themselves and their communities with regard to those on the other side of the river.The data come from a set of semi-structured interviews conducted in the towns of Guben (Germany) and Gubin (Poland) separated by the river Neisse, with some reference to the data elicited in the similarly split communities on the former East West German border on the Saale. For the people living in our target communities, the official narratives of the nation were re-written not just once, but in the case of the older generation at least three times. This meant a challenge of how to construct their own cultural identity in response to official changes and in relation to oppositional constructions of the nation on the other side of the border literally by ‘looking across’ at the Other in their every-day lives.In this paper we discuss how members of the oldest generation living on both sides of the river Neisse in the respective German and Polish towns of Guben and Gubin construct each other in their discourses. We show that the discourses of the Other are ridden by a mismatch in the constructions of the ownership of the past and the present. While the Polish narratives construct the German neighbours in terms of threat to the present status quo of the town, the German narratives position Gubin mostly in terms of the nostalgic past.
Determining summer residence status and vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Hoolihan John P. , Luo Jiangang 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Hoolihan, J. P. and Luo, J. 2007. Determining summer residence status and vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Arabian Gulf. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64. Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on 18 sailfish in the Arabian Gulf between 2001 and 2005 to determine summer geoposition and habitat preference. Programmed releases following periods ranging from 110 to 156 d provided an aggregate total of 533 monitoring days of data. Three PSATs failed to report and nine released prematurely after periods ranging from 3 to 93 d. Four were recovered in gillnets after periods ranging from 39 to 90 d, and two transmitted after programmed releases of 127 and 128 d. Pooled archival data from recovered PSATs showed a cumulative mean distribution of 83.9% for total time spent in the upper 10 m, with no significant difference between day and night (χ24 = 0.84, p = 0.93). Depth ranged from 0 to 61 m, and ambient water temperature from 19.7°C to 30.1°C. Linear displacements ranged from 11 to 543 km and were all located inside the Gulf. Satellite- and light-level-derived geopositioning suggested that all fish remained in the Gulf. The two PSATs releasing on schedule validated summer residence inside the Gulf, providing further evidence in support of genetic analyses and conventional mark-recapture studies, which suggested that this billfish population confines itself year-round within a shallow marginal sea area. Preference for near-surface depths suggests a great susceptibility to capture by gillnets and other surface gears, raising concern for the effectiveness of regional management and conservation of the species.