bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer expression of CD163, a macrophage scavenger receptor, is related to early distant recurrence and reduced patient survival
Authors: Shabo Ivan , Stål Olle , Olsson Hans , Doré Siv , Svanvik Joar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are important for tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Fusion between macrophages and cancer cells in animal models in vitro and in vivo causes hybrids with increased metastatic potential. Primary breast cancer cells were characterized for macrophage antigens to test if phenotypic resemblance to macrophages is related to early distant recurrence. Immunostaining for CD163, MAC387 and CD68 was performed in a breast cancer tissue micro array from 127 patients consequently followed up for a median of 13 years. Tumour‐associated macrophages expressed all 3 antigens. The breast cancers expressed CD163 to 48%, MAC387 to 14% while CD68 was not expressed. TGF‐β staining intensity was positively related to both CD163 and MAC387 expression. Expression of CD163 in the cancer cells was compared to their DNA ploidy, Nottingham Histological Grade, TNM‐stage, node state, presence of estrogen receptors and occurrence of distant metastases and survival. Cancers of a more advanced histological grade expressed CD163 to a higher extent. Cells expressing MAC387 were more common in cancers with a high proportion of CD163 positive cells. Multivariate analysis showed that expression of the macrophage antigen CD163 in breast cancer cells has a prognostic impact on the occurrence of distant metastases and reduced patient survival time. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High preoperative plasma TIMP‐1 is prognostic for early relapse in primary breast carcinoma
Authors: Kuvaja Paula , Talvensaari‐Mattila Anne , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTIMP‐1 is a natural inhibitor of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases. In addition to its capacity to inhibit matrix degradation, TIMP‐1 has been shown to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis. The expression of TIMP‐1 in tumor tissue, as well as in circulating blood, has therefore been shown to associate with worsened survival in several malignancies. In our study, a prospective series of 213 patients with primary breast carcinoma was assessed. Circulating pre‐ and postoperative TIMP‐1 levels were assayed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analysis. It was shown that high preoperative plasma TIMP‐1 was a powerful predictor of systemic early relapse in breast carcinoma, with HR 8.1 (95% CI 1.8–37.6) (p = 0.007) as a log‐transformed continuous variable in Cox regression univariate analysis. It was shown to be independent of, and superior to, nodal status as a prognostic variable in multivariate analysis, and not associated with any known prognostic clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that the patients belonging to the highest quartile of circulating TIMP‐1 levels had a worsened recurrence‐free survival of 79% compared to 94% RFS among patients in the lower quartiles (p = 0.016). The postoperative levels of circulating plasma TIMP‐1 were not found to be prognostic for relapse. In conclusion, preoperative plasma TIMP‐1 was found to be a powerful prognostic factor for early systemic relapse in primary breast carcinoma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood transfusion, anesthesia, surgery and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Cerhan James R. , Engels Eric A. , Cozen Wendy , Davis Scott , Severson Richard K. , Morton Lindsay M. , Gridley Gloria , Hartge Patricia , Linet Martha 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe incidence of NHL has increased dramatically since at least the 1950s, and during this timeframe there has been a major increase in the use of blood transfusions, invasive surgical procedures and anesthesia, all of which can impact immune function. We evaluated these factors with NHL risk in a population‐based study of 759 cases and 589 frequency‐matched controls. Risk factor data were collected during in‐person interviews. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs, adjusted for the matching factors. History of transfusion was associated with a 26% higher risk of NHL (95% CI 0.91–1.73), and the elevated risk was specific to transfusions first given 5–29 years before the reference date (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.08–2.62) and transfusions given for a medical condition (OR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.03–4.26). The total number of surgeries and dental procedures (OR = 1.53 for 26+ surgeries compared to 0–6; 95% CI 1.02–2.29) and to a lesser extent the total number of exposures to general or local/regional anesthesia (OR = 1.35 for 24+ times compared to 0–6; 95% CI 0.91–2.02) were positively associated with risk of NHL. Inclusion of transfusion and surgery or transfusion and anesthesia in the same model did not attenuate these associations. All results were broadly consistent for both DLBCL and follicular subtypes. Blood transfusions were associated with NHL risk, but appear to be a marker for underlying medical conditions. Multiple surgical procedures and/or repeated administration of anesthesia have not been previously reported to be associated with risk of NHL and these exposures warrant further evaluation. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of the immunogenic potential of frameshift‐mutated antigens in microsatellite instable cancer
Authors: Speetjens Frank M. , Lauwen Marjolein M. , Franken Kees L. , Janssen‐van Rhijn Connie M. , van Duikeren Suzanne , Bres Sandra A. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , Kuppen Peter J.K. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Morreau Hans , Offringa Rienk 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMicrosatellite instable (MSI) cancers express frameshift‐mutated antigens, the C‐terminal polypeptides of which are foreign to the immune system. Consequently, these antigens constitute a unique pool of tumor‐specific antigens that can be exploited for patient diagnosis and selective, immune‐mediated targeting of cancers. However, other than their sequence, very little is known about the characteristics of the majority of these proteins. We therefore developed a methodology for predicting their immunogenic behavior that is based on a gene‐expression system, in which each of the proteins was fused to a short C‐terminal polypeptide comprising two epitopes that can be readily detected by T‐cells and antibodies, respectively. In this manner, accumulation of the antigens and processing of peptides derived thereof into MHC can be monitored systematically. The antigens, which accumulate in the cells in which they are synthesized, are of primary interest for cancer immunotherapy, because peptide epitopes derived thereof can be presented by dendritic cells in addition to the tumor cells themselves. As a result, these antigens constitute the best targets for a coordinated immune response by both CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cells, which increases the likelihood that tumor‐induced immunity would be detectable against these antigens in cancer patients, as well as the potential value of these antigens as components of anticancer vaccines. Our data indicate that, of 15 frameshift‐mutated antigens examined in our study, 4 (TGFβR2‐1, MARCKS‐1, MARCKS‐2 and CDX2‐2) are of primary interest, and 4 additional antigens (TAF1B‐1, PCNXL2‐2, TCF7L2‐2 and Baxα+1) are of moderate interest for further tumor immunological research. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated gene copy number and expression microarray analysis of gastric cancer highlights potential target genes
Authors: Myllykangas Samuel , Junnila Siina , Kokkola Arto , Autio Reija , Scheinin Ilari , Kiviluoto Tuula , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Hollmén Jaakko , Knuutila Sakari , Puolakkainen Pauli , Monni Outi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe performed an integrated array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and expression microarray analysis of 8 normal gastric tissues and 38 primary tumors, including 25 intestinal and 13 diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas to identify genes whose expression is deregulated in association with copy number alteration. Our aim was also to identify molecular genetic alterations that are specific to particular clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer. Distinct molecular genetic profiles were identified for intestinal and diffuse gastric cancers and for tumors obtained from 2 different locations of the stomach. Interestingly, the ERBB2 amplification and gains at 20q13.12‐q13.33 almost exclusively discriminated intestinal cancers from the diffuse type. In addition, the 17q12‐q25 gain was characteristic to cancers located in corpus and the 20q13.12‐q13.13 gain was more common in the antrum. Statistical analysis was performed using integrated copy number and expression data to identify genes showing differential expression associated with a copy number alteration. Genes with the highest statistical significance included ERBB2, MUC1, GRB7, PPP1R1B and PPARBP with concomitant changes in copy number and expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of ERBB2 and MUC1 on a tissue microarray containing 78 independent gastric tissues showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 and <0.001) in immunopositivity in the intestinal (31 and 70%) and diffuse subtypes (14 and 41%), respectively. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that intestinal and diffuse type gastric cancers as well as cancers located in different sites of the stomach have distinct molecular profiles which may have clinical value. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KIT overexpression induces proliferation in astrocytes in an imatinib‐responsive manner and associates with proliferation index in gliomas
Authors: Blom Tea , Fox Heli , Angers‐Loustau Alexandre , Peltonen Karita , Kerosuo Laura , Wartiovaara Kirmo , Linja Marika , Jänne Olli A. , Kovanen Panu , Haapasalo Hannu , Nupponen Nina N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractActivating gene mutations, gene amplifications and overexpressed proteins may be useful as targets for novel therapies. Alterations at chromosome locus 4q12 are associated with gliomas and the region harbors the receptor tyrosine kinase gene KIT, which is frequently amplified in gliomas, and also overexpressed in a subset of gliomas. KIT and its ligand stem cell factor are widely expressed in embryonic and adult mouse brain, and they play a role in many signal transduction pathways involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation and cancer cell metastasis. However, the function of KIT in gliomagenesis or disease progression remains unresolved as well as its role in neural and brain tumor development. In this study, we utilized lentivirus‐mediated gene transfer to deliver the KIT gene into mouse astrocytes. The growth properties of KIT overexpressing cells were analyzed using several in vitro functional assays. The effect of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib on astrocyte growth was also investigated. Our results indicate that overexpression of KIT in mouse astrocytes promotes cell proliferation, and the increased proliferation is partly inhibited by imatinib treatment. Furthermore, KIT overexpression induces phenotypic changes in the cells suggesting that KIT may play a role in astrocyte growth regulation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of different histological types of postmenopausal breast cancer by type and regimen of menopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Flesch‐Janys Dieter , Slanger Tracy , Mutschelknauss Elke , Kropp Silke , Obi Nadia , Vettorazzi Eik , Braendle Wilhelm , Bastert Gunter , Hentschel Stefan , Berger Jürgen , Chang‐Claude Jenny 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn a large population‐based case–control study in Germany, including 3,464 breast cancer cases aged 50–74 at diagnosis and 6,657 population based and frequency matched controls, we investigated the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) by type, regimen, timing and progestagenic constituent on postmenopausal breast cancer risk overall and according to histological type. Data were collected by face‐to‐face interviews. Logistic and polytomous logistic regression analysis were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95%‐confidence intervals (95% CI). Risk of invasive breast cancer was significantly elevated in current users (OR, 1.73, 95% CI, 1.55–1.94) and heterogeneous by histological type (p < 0.01), being more than 2‐fold higher for lobular and tubular than for ductal cancer. Risks for current users varied significantly by type and regimen of HT, with ORs per year of use of 1.05 (95% CI, 1.04–1.06) for continuous combined estrogen–progestagen, 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02–1.04) for cyclical EP and 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00–1.03) for estrogen‐only therapy. No statistically significant increase in risk was observed after 5 years of cessation of HT use for any histological type. Analyses of progestagenic content by regimen revealed a significantly higher risk for continuously administered norethisterone‐ or levonorgestrel‐derived progestagens than for continuously administered progesterone‐derived progestagens (OR, 2.27, 95% CI, 1.98–2.62 vs. 1.47, 95% CI, 1.12–1.93, respectively, p = 0.003), which may be explained by dose rather than type of progestagen. These data suggest that the risks associated with menopausal HT differ by type and regimen of HT and histological type of breast cancer and may vary by progestagenic component, depending on the effective dose. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noncovalent interactions in supramolecular complexes: A study on corannulene and the double concave buckycatcher
Authors: Wong Bryan M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractStimulated by the recent observation of π–π interactions between C60 and corannulene subunits in a molecular tweezer arrangement (J Am Chem Soc 2007, 129, 3842), a density functional theory study was performed to analyze the electronic structure and properties of various noncovalent corannulene complexes. The theoretical approach is first applied to corannulene complexes with a series of benchmark molecules (CH4, NH3, and H2O) using several new‐generation density functionals. The performance of nine density functionals, illustrated by computing binding energies of the corannulene complexes, demonstrates that Zhao and Truhlar's MPWB1K and M05‐2X functionals provide energies similar to that obtained at the SCS‐MP2 level. In contrast, most of the other popular density functionals fail to describe this noncovalent interaction or yield purely repulsive interactions. Further investigations with the M05‐2X functional show that the binding energy of C60 with corannulene subunits in the relaxed molecular receptor clip geometry is −20.67 kcal/mol. The results of this calculation further support the experimental interpretation of pure π–π interactions between a convex fullerene and the concave surfaces of two corannulene subunits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Fragment Molecular Orbital method‐based Molecular Dynamics (FMO‐MD) as a simulator for chemical reactions in explicit solvation
Authors: Komeiji Yuto , Ishikawa Takeshi , Mochizuki Yuji , Yamataka Hiroshi , Nakano Tatsuya 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFragment Molecular Orbital based‐Molecular Dynamics (FMO‐MD, Komeiji et al., Chem Phys Lett 2003, 372, 342) is an ab initio MD method suitable for large molecular systems. Here, FMO‐MD was implemented to conduct full quantum simulations of chemical reactions in explicit solvation. Several FMO‐MD simulations were performed for a sphere of water to find a suitable simulation protocol. It was found that annealing of the initial configuration by a classical MD brought the subsequent FMO‐MD trajectory to faster stabilization, and also that use of bond constraint in the FMO‐MD heating stage effectively reduced the computation time. Then, the blue moon ensemble method (Sprik and Ciccotti, J Chem Phys 1998, 109, 7737) was implemented and was tested by calculating free energy profiles of the Menschutkin reaction (H3N + CH3Cl → +H3NCH3 + Cl−) in the presence and absence of the solvent water via FMO‐MD. The obtained free energy profiles were consistent with the Hammond postulate in that stabilization of the product by the solvent, namely hydration of Cl−, shifted the transition state to the reactant‐side. Based on these FMO‐MD results, plans for further improvement of the method are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Kick: Constraining a stochastic search procedure with molecular fragments
Authors: Addicoat Matthew A. , Metha Gregory F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn extension of the Kick program developed by Bera et al. (J Phys Chem A 2006, 110, 4287) is described in which chemically sensible molecular fragments are used in an automated stochastic search algorithm. This results in a vastly reduced region of the potential energy surface which can be explored very quickly. We present use of this modified algorithm to the search for low‐lying isomers, and we present candidates for the global energy minimum, for a range of chemical systems. We highlight the usefulness of this procedure for exploring reactions of molecules with transition metal clusters and to the microsolvation of a small dipeptide. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Response surface methodology applied for Orange II photocatalytic degradation in TiO2 aqueous suspensions
Authors: Betianu Camelia , Caliman Florentina A , Gavrilescu Maria , Cretescu Igor , Cojocaru Corneliu , Poulios Ioannis 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Heterogeneous photocatalysis is influenced by a number of parameters involving synergistic effects; hence, an experimental strategy design that considers interactions between the main variables is needed. The response surface methodology was applied for the investigation of photodegradation of 20 mg L−1 Orange II in aqueous solutions and for optimization of color removal efficiency. Preliminary studies were performed to identify the parameters to be selected for optimization.RESULTS: The input variables considered for experimental design were: solution initial pH, oxidizing agent (H2O2) initial concentration and UV‐A irradiation time. The multivariate experimental design allowed the development of a quadratic response surface model to be used for the prediction of color removal efficiency over the full range of the experimental region. Under the optimum conditions established in the region of experimentation (pH = 6.9, [H2O2]0 = 183 mg L−1 and t = 32 min), a 100% color removal efficiency was obtained in experiments.CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the variables considered have important effects on color removal efficiency. The results demonstrate that the use of experimental design strategy is indispensable for successful investigation and adequate modeling of the process because the interdependence of the reaction parameters cannot be neglected. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies in wet air oxidation of aqueous morpholine over Ru/TiO2 catalyst: an insight into the fate of the ‘N’ atom
Authors: Gunale Tukaram L. , Mahajani Vijaykumar V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Wet air oxidation (WAO) is a very attractive process for the treatment of aqueous streams containing amino compounds. During WAO, it is important to ensure that the ‘N’ atom in various ‘N’ bearing organic compounds is converted into N2. Morpholine is selected as model pollutant for the present study. In order to reduce the severity of operating conditions and to maximize N2 formation, the suitability of a heterogeneous catalyst namely 5% (w/w) Ru/TiO2, was studied.RESULTS: The studies were carried out at a morpholine concentration of 500 mg L−1. Among the various catalysts studied 5% (w/w) Ru/TiO2 was found to be an effective catalyst. The selectivity towards N2 varied between 47 and 56% in the temperature range 473–483 K at 0.66 kg m−3 catalyst loading and 0.69 MPa oxygen partial pressure. Below 473 K more NH4+ ions were formed and at higher temperatures (>483 K) more NO3− ions were generated. It was also observed that under the influence of diffusional resistance, selectivity towards N2 formation was enhanced considerably (80%) when compared with the kinetically controlled regime at 483 K. The experimental data can be well correlated by assuming dissociative adsorption of oxygen followed by surface reaction.CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneous catalyst 5% (w/w) Ru/TiO2 was found to be very effective in the complete (100%) degradation of morpholine. The highest selectivity for conversion of NH group in morpholine to N2 gas was obtained at 483 K. Under a partial mass transfer controlled regime, selectivity towards N2 formation was enhanced considerably relative to the kinetically controlled regime. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Human and software error in ductus venosus Doppler waveform analysis
Authors: Szunyogh Norbert , Renate Becker Caroline , Visnovsky Jozef 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDuctus venosus waveform analysis has become increasingly affected by technical errors; however, these errors could be avoided if more attention was paid during sampling and analysis. The most common misevaluations include incorrect tracing, under‐ or overestimation of the peak systolic velocity, overestimation of the end‐diastolic velocity, and, as a consequence, incorrect calculation of the pulsatility index facilitated either by human or software error. This article proposes practical suggestions to avoid technical errors in ductus venosus waveform analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Lipoma of the right atrium
Authors: Gulmez Oyku , Pehlivanoglu Seckin , Turkoz Riza , Demiralay Ebru , Gumus Burcak 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA 66‐year‐old asymptomatic woman was admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of a right atrial mass detected on an outside transthoracic echocardiogram and confirmed on transesophageal echocardiography. Physical examination and basal electrocardiogram were normal. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 3.8 × 2.5 cm echogenic mass in the right atrium. A multislice CT examination demonstrated a right atrial mass with a fat density ranging from −80 to −110 HU. The patient had a successful surgical excision of the mass, and the diagnosis of lipoma was confirmed on histopathological examination. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Investigating exchange and multicomponent relaxation in fully‐balanced steady‐state free precession imaging
Authors: Deoni Sean C.L. , Rutt Brian K. , Jones Derek K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of chemical exchange and multicomponent relaxation on the rapid T2 mapping method, DESPOT2 (driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T2) and the steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence upon which it is based. Although capable of rapid T2 determination, an assumption implicit of the method is single‐component relaxation. In many biological tissues (such as white and gray matter), it is well established that the T2 decay curve is more accurately described by the summation of more than one relaxation species.Materials and MethodsThe effects of exchange were first incorporated into the general SSFP magnetization expressions and its effect on the measured SSFP signal investigated using Bloch‐McConnell simulations. Corresponding imaging experiments were performed to support the presented theory.ResultsSimulations show the measured multicomponent SSFP signal may be expressed as a linear summation of signal from each species under usual imaging conditions where the repetition time is much less than T2. Imaging experiments performed using dairy cream demonstrate strong agreement with the presented theory. Finally, using a dairy cream model, we demonstrate quantification of multicomponent relaxation from multiangle SSFP data for the first time, showing good agreement with reference spin‐echo values.ConclusionSSFP and DESPOT2 may provide a new method for investigating multicomponent systems, such as human brain, and disease processes, such as multiple sclerosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:1421–1429. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.