bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of the effect of computer‐assisted practice on reading attainment
Authors: Davidson Johan , Elcock Jonathan , Noyes Peter 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTA computer system which gives prerecorded speech prompts on request was developed and a study was carried out to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing the reading attainment of young children. Sixty children aged 61 to 84 months were tested on three measures of sight vocabulary (BAS Word Recognition, Frequently Occurring Words, words from the books read) before and after the intervention period of one month, during which 30 of the children had access to the system. The intervention group made significantly higher gains on the tests than the control group. The amount of practice undertaken by subjects was highly positively correlated with their gains. The amount of help which they requested showed no relationship to the gains. These results suggest that some effective practice in reading can be given by a computer.
Achieving health or achieving wellbeing?
Authors: Schickler Pam 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis article argues that achieving health and achieving wellbeing are different. The use of phenomenological and narrative approaches helped to elicit the meanings, nature and dimensions of wellbeing for ‘lay’ people, and also how wellbeing was maintained, lost and recovered. It indicates that the term ‘wellbeing’ has a much wider meaning than ‘health’. The two terms are interrelated, but the former has many more domains, health generally applying to the physical and sometimes to mental domains. The role of professionals in helping and hindering the attainment of wellbeing is examined. Prevention of ill‐health may well be the province of those who work in the health services, but promotion of health and wellbeing is much wider. Those in the health service and those in social services, education and other professions should be aware of what wellbeing is, and how they affect it, for both themselves and their clients.
Developing interprofessional assessment
Authors: Morison Susan L. , Stewart Moira C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractUndergraduate medical and nursing education should enable the development of communication and teamworking skills and of reflective practice, which should be assessed and continued into professional practice. This study aimed to examine appropriate methods for the assessment of interprofessional learning of clinical, teamwork and communication skills for undergraduate students in Paediatrics and Children's Nursing and to involve Senior House Officers (SHOs) in this process. During the 2002/3 academic year, 31 students, four nurse educators, two medical educators and six SHOs were involved in the development and implementation of a programme of interprofessional learning and assessment. Objective structured clinical skills examination (OSCE) and role‐play assessment methods were used to explore the potential to develop common activities and standards for both professions. This study found that common learning activities and assessment methods acceptable to both professions could be developed and common standards set. It also concluded that development and delivery by an interprofessional team is particularly important and that formative feedback has a vital role to play in the process. Involving SHOs in the planning and implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) has the potential to allow its extension into different clinical areas and to meet training requirements at the postgraduate level.
Learning bioscience in nursing education: perceptions of the intended and the prescribed curriculum
Authors: Friedel June M. , Treagust David F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study used a curriculum inquiry framework to investigate the perceptions of 184 nursing students and nurse educators in relation to bioscience in the nursing curriculum. These participants’ attitudes to science and bioscience, self‐efficacy in bioscience and perceptions of bioscience were investigated using scales based on previous research. Nursing students were found to have significantly more positive attitudes to bioscience in nursing education than nurse educators, and nurse educators were not found to have significantly better self‐efficacy in bioscience than the students, although this might have been expected. The results of focus group discussions, used to investigate this in more depth, suggested that some nurse educators and clinical preceptors may not have sufficient science background or bioscience knowledge, to help nursing students apply bioscience knowledge to practice. As a result of this, it is suggested that the aims of the intended and prescribed nursing curricula are not being fulfilled in the implemented curriculum. Because of the increasing acuity of illness in hospitals, the fact that nurses are becoming more autonomous in their practice and the increasing expectation that nurses, in some cases, will be able to prescribe as well as administer medications, bioscience knowledge is becoming even more important. The teaching of bioscience and its application to clinical practice needs to improve if nurses are to be credible members of the multi‐disciplinary team.
Oral lesions as indicators of HIV infection among routine dental patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Agbelusi GA , Wright AA 
Published: November 2005

Objectives:  To document the incidental oral lesions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the pattern and frequency of the lesions based on clinical presentation and oral manifestations in routine dental patients who tested positive in Nigeria.Subjects and methods:  The study was conducted at the Oral Diagnosis/Oral Medicine clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between May 2002 and April 2003. During this period, all patients with oral lesions suggestive of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as described in the EEC‐WHO Classification and diagnostic criteria of oral lesions of HIV were counseled and offered voluntary HIV testing. All the 35 patients who consented and tested positive were included in this study.Results:  Of a total of 700 patients 53 patients with oral lesions suggestive of HIV/AIDS were seen, thirty‐eight (72%) consented to HIV screening, 15 patients (28%) refused. Thirty‐five patients (92%), mean age 36 ± 13 years were confirmed positive for HIV.Oral candidiasis was the commonest lesion seen (43%) the second common being Herpes zoster (23%). Other lesions seen included erythema multiforme in two (6%), facial palsy in two (6%) and oral hairy leukoplakia in one (3%).Conclusion:  An oral mucosal lesion may be the presenting lesion of HIV/AIDS in routine patients attending the dental clinic. Oral health care workers should practice optimal infection control based on the Centers for Disease Control ‘Standard Precautions’ guidelines on infection control for all patients to minimize occupational transmission of HIV.
Norwegian LongoVital® and recurrent aphthous ulceration: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kolseth I , Herlofson BB , Pedersen A 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  LongoVital® (LV) is a herbal‐based tablet enriched with the recommended daily doses of vitamins. The present study was undertaken to investigate possible prevention of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) during 4 months daily intake of the Norwegian LV.Design:  The study was a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized, clinical trial.Subjects:  Sixty otherwise healthy patients with at least one attack of minor RAU per 2 months were included in the study.Methods:  After an introduction period (IP) of 60 days, the patients were randomly divided into three groups and given either LV, the herbs of LV only, or placebo. Three test tablets were taken every day together with breakfast for 4 months [tablet period (TP)] and the patients followed up for another 4 months (F‐UP). The number of new ulcers (NU) and ulcer‐free days (UFD) were observed.Results:  Fifty‐two patients completed the study. Neither NU nor UFD showed any statistical significant differences between any of the groups in any of the periods. All three groups, however, showed a significant increase in UFD during the first 2 months of TP compared to IP. Within the LV group only, there was a further increase in UFD after 2 months intake of the tablets. The number of NU and UFD decreased significantly in both the LV and the herbal group in F‐UP compared with TP.Conclusion:  Neither the Norwegian LV nor the herbal component alone was superior to placebo in the prevention of RAU. The results, however, indicate that neither the LV nor the herbal group benefited from the treatment.
Clinical features of hypodontia and associated dental anomalies: a retrospective study
Authors: Kırzıoğlu Z , Köseler Şentut T , Özay Ertürk MS , Karayılmaz H 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  Hypodontia is the most commonly known developmental dental anomaly in man. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of tooth absence and associated dental anomalies among the patients attending our paediatric dentistry clinic.Subjects and methods:  For this study, 192 patients aged between 1 and 18 years with congenitally missing teeth were selected among the patients who attended the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of Süleyman Demirel University between January 2000 and December 2003. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed by two dentists in order to detect the missing teeth.Results:  We determined 503 congenitally missing teeth in 192 patients (male=93, female=99), excluding third molars. Twelve of these teeth were deciduous and 491 were permanent. A higher incidence of missing teeth was observed in girls than boys, in mandibular arch than maxillary and on the right side than left side. However the differences between arches and sides were not statistically significant in both sexes.Conclusion:  The diagnosis of the hypodontia should be performed as early as possible, thus alternative treatment modalities can be planned and performed in a multidisciplinary team approach, in order to establish an aesthetic and functional dentition in the future.
Tendon and Muscle Imaging in Sports
Authors: Kainberger F. , Weidekamm C. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryTendon and muscle lesions appear in manifold forms clinically as well as on magnetic resonance or ultrasound images. Tendinous abnormalities may be classified and staged with respect to their biomechanical role in a kinetic chain by using the concept of the tendon overuse syndrome (TOS). In the first phase, painful functional impairment of movements occurs without any morphological changes. In the second stage, abnormalities of the gliding tissue in the form of bursitis, tendovaginitis or peritendinitis are observed. In the third stage, such lesions are followed by degenerative changes of the tendon itself. Often, they present more clearly than during the early forms of TOS and three types of tendon degeneration can be differentiated: tendinosis at distinct points along the course of the tendon, fibroostosis at the tendon insertion and compression or impingement syndromes. Rupture of fibres following tendinosis may be considered as the last or fourth stage of TOS.
Novel Developments in Sports Injuries: The Ankle
Authors: Faletti C. 
Published: November 2005

SummarySports injuries may cause traumatic and degenerative injuries at both an amatuer and professional level and are caused by direct athletic gestures or biomechanical modifications triggered by repetitive movements. Because of its particular morphology, the ankle is often involved in these injuries, particularly in soccer, athletics and basketball. The most common pathologies involve sprains, but there may also be osteochondral fractures, impingement syndrome, stress fractures or tendon injuries. There is a complex diagnostic cycle which must include an evaluation of the clinical history, specific information from specialists and diagnostic imaging. Nowadays, there are many and varied methodologies available that vary in sensibility and specificity. The correct diagnostic imaging cycle must be followed, integrating the methodologies in such a way as to obtain the most reliable diagnostic data as possible.
Factors associated with walkout of patients from New South Wales hospital emergency departments, Australia
Authors: Mohsin Mohammed , Young Lis , Ieraci Sue , Bauman Adrian E 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective To explore the association between daily patient numbers, sociodemographic, clinical and system characteristics and walkout rates of patients from New South Wales (NSW) public hospital ED (without seeing a medical officer).Methods This was a secondary analysis of the NSW Emergency Department Data Collection, between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2001, with a total of 4 356 323 ED attendances. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship of walkout from ED and explanatory variables.Results About 5.7% of the patients attending in NSW public hospital ED left without seeing a doctor. The results from bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed that walkout rates significantly varied by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Patient groups that more likely to walk out were those aged 15–44 years, from a non‐English‐speaking background, Aboriginal, with lower socioeconomic status, with no private health insurance coverage and longer waiting times for triage. Patient volume in the ED showed a significant positive association with walkout rates.Conclusions After adjusting for triage category (urgency of presentation) and triage time, patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and those without private health insurance coverage were more likely to leave ED without treatment. These results have important implications for Health Services. Future strategies aimed at minimizing walkouts from public hospital ED should prioritize and target factors identified in the present study.
Non‐urgent presentations to a paediatric emergency department: Parental behaviours, expectations and outcomes
Authors: Ryan Mary , Spicer Maureen , Hyett Carlie , Barnett Peter 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives:  To identify factors that influence the attendance of children with non‐urgent medical problems to a tertiary paediatric ED and to define parental expectations of the hospital visit.Methods:  A questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of 200 parents/carers who attended the paediatric ED and whose children were categorized as having non‐urgent problems that had been present for at least 4 weeks. Subsequent outpatient attendances were then analysed retrospectively.Results:  Most patients had visited a general practitioner but remained unhappy with the outcome of the consultation. The hospital was expected to provide immediate diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment by the vast majority of parent. Only four patients required admission.Conclusions:  The expectations of parents who attend the paediatric ED with children who have non‐urgent chronic complaints are high. Rapid access to outpatient clinics might provide an acceptable alternative for these patients, and free valuable ED resources.
Techniques for reduction of anteroinferior shoulder dislocation
Authors: Cunningham Neil J 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDislocation of the shoulder joint is common. The shoulder is affected in up to 60% of all major joint dislocations, one study citing an incidence of 1.7% in the general population. The most common form is anteroinferior dislocation. A variety of techniques to reduce shoulder dislocation has been described. The key to successful relocation is a thorough understanding of the anatomy of both the enlocated and the dislocated shoulder joint.
Definitive management of acute cardiac tamponade secondary to blunt trauma
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark , Spencer Jack , Johnson Fiona , Marasco Silvana , Atkin Chris , Kossmann Thomas 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBlunt cardiac injuries are a leading cause of fatalities following motor‐vehicle accidents. Injury to the heart is involved in 20% of road traffic deaths. Structural cardiac injuries (i.e. chamber rupture or perforation) carry a high mortality rate and patients rarely survive long enough to reach hospital. Chamber rupture is present at autopsy in 36–65% of death from blunt cardiac trauma, whereas in clinical series it is present in 0.3–0.9% of cases and is an uncommon clinical finding. Patients with large ruptures or perforations usually die at the scene or in transit – the rupture of a cardiac cavity, coronary artery or intrapericardial portion of a major vein or artery is usually instantly fatal because of acute tamponade. The small, rare, remaining group of patients who survive to hospital presentation usually have tears in a cavity under low pressure and prompt diagnosis and surgery can now lead to a survival rate of 70–80% in experienced trauma centres. As regional trauma systems evolve, patients with severe, but potentially survivable cardiac injury are surviving to ED. Two distinct syndromes are apparent – haemorrhagic shock and cardiac tamponade. Any patient with severe chest trauma, hypotension disproportionate to estimated loss of blood or with an inadequate response to fluid administration should be suspected of having a cardiac cause of shock. For patients with severe hypotension or in extremis, the treatment of choice is resuscitative thoracotomy with pericardotomy. Closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation is ineffective in these circumstances. Blunt traumatic cardiac injury presenting with shock is associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of survivors of blunt or penetrating cardiac injury present to the ED/trauma centre with vital signs. The main pathophysiologic determinant for most survivors is acute pericardial tamponade. The presence of normal clinical signs or normal ECG studies does not exclude tamponade. In recent years the widespread availability and use of ultrasound for the initial assessment of severely injured patients has facilitated the early diagnosis of cardiac tamponade and associated cardiac injuries. Two cases of survival from blunt traumatic cardiac trauma are described in the present paper to demonstrate survivability in the context of rapid assessment and intervention.
Quality of poisoning management advice in the Monthly Index of Medical Specialties Annual
Authors: Mallows James , Chan Betty , Graudins Andis 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground:  The Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS) contains Therapeutic Goods Administration‐approved product information supplied by manufacturers. It is widely used by health‐care professionals but is not specifically designed as a toxicology reference.Objectives:  To determine how widespread the use of MIMS is as a toxicology reference. To evaluate the quality of poisoning management advice it contains.Methods:  First, a survey of 500 consecutive calls to the NSW Poison Information Centre (PIC) was undertaken asking health‐care workers which toxicology references were consulted prior to calling and which references they would use if the PIC were not available. Second, a consensus opinion for poisoning management was obtained, for 25 medications which are either commonly involved in poisoning or potentially life‐threatening in overdose, by review of 5 current toxicology references for contraindicated treatments, ineffective treatments and specific recommended treatments and antidotes. MIMS poisoning management advice was then compared with this toxicology consensus opinion.Results:  In total, 276 doctors and 222 nurses were surveyed. Prior to calling the PIC 22.8% of doctors and 6.8% of nurses consulted MIMS. In total, 25.7% of doctors and 39.6% nurses stated they would use the MIMS for poisoning management advice if the PIC were not available. For the 25 drugs assessed, 14 contained inaccurate poisoning management: 1 recommended ineffective treatments and 14 omitted specific treatments or antidotes.Conclusion:  The MIMS is often used as a toxicology reference by physicians prior to calling the PIC. It contains a number of significant inaccuracies pertaining to management of poisonings and should not be used as a primary reference for poisoning advice.
Unusual cause of sudden onset headache: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Broadley Simon A , Park Nick , Renowden Shelley , Ferguson Iain T 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSpontaneous intracranial hypotension is a very distinctive but unusual cause of acute headache. The postural nature of the headache can be easily overlooked in the celerity to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage. We describe the clinical and radiological features of a case that emphasizes some of the diagnostic difficulties. An approach to management and treatment for this condition is outlined.
THREADS: A Life in Geochemistry
Authors: Turekian Karl K. 
Published: November 2005

I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. Ecclesiastes 9:11 (King James version)
Arctic–North Atlantic Interactions and Multidecadal Variability of the Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Jungclaus Johann H. , Haak Helmuth , Latif Mojib , Mikolajewicz Uwe 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Analyses of a 500-yr control integration with the non-flux-adjusted coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean model ECHAM5/Max-Planck-Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM) show pronounced multidecadal fluctuations of the Atlantic overturning circulation and the associated meridional heat transport. The period of the oscillations is about 70–80 yr. The low-frequency variability of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) contributes substantially to sea surface temperature and sea ice fluctuations in the North Atlantic. The strength of the overturning circulation is related to the convective activity in the deep-water formation regions, most notably the Labrador Sea, and the time-varying control on the freshwater export from the Arctic to the convection sites modulates the overturning circulation. The variability is sustained by an interplay between the storage and release of freshwater from the central Arctic and circulation changes in the Nordic Seas that are caused by variations in the Atlantic heat and salt transport. The relatively high resolution in the deep-water formation region and the Arctic Ocean suggests that a better representation of convective and frontal processes not only leads to an improvement in the mean state but also introduces new mechanisms determining multidecadal variability in large-scale ocean circulation.