bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital blood flow velocities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Erdogmus Besir , Yazici Selma , Yazici Burhan , Ataoglu Safinaz , Buyukkaya Ramazan , Yuksel Harun , Cura Sibel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose.To assess orbital blood flow changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using Doppler sonography.Patients and Methods.The study comprised 35 patients who were diagnosed with RA and were treated at the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at Duzce Medical School. A control group consisted of 35 healthy volunteers. Color Doppler imaging was used to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV), from which the resistance index (RI) was calculated in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs).Results.In the OA, PSV, EDV, and RI were, respectively, 36.7 ± 0.6 cm/sec, 9.7 ± 0.2 cm/sec, and 0.73 in the control group versus 34.7 ± 3.0 cm/sec, 9.1 ± 1.1 cm/sec, and 0.74 in the patient group. In the CRA, they were, respectively, 11.8 ± 1.7 cm/sec, 3.6 ± 0.7 cm/sec, and 0.66 in the control group versus 11.1 ± 1.7 cm/sec, 3.4 ± 0.7 cm/sec, and 0.68 in the patient group. In the PCAs, they were, respectively, 13.2 ± 1.2 cm/sec, 4.7 ± 0.6 cm/sec, and 0.65 in the control group versus 12.4 ± 1.2 cm/sec, 4.2 ± 0.6 cm/sec, and 0.66 in the PCAs. PSV, EDV, and RI of the PCAs and OA and RI of the CRA were significantly different between patients and controls, whereas there was no difference in the serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. In the patient group, there was a significant correlation between orbital blood flow and duration of disease.Conclusion.Ocular blood flow appears to be slightly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls, suggesting that RA is a systemic inflammatory disease that may also involve ocular vessels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Preoperative cerebral hemodynamics and shunting during carotid endarterectomy in patients with severe unilateral carotid stenosis
Authors: Telman Gregory , Kouperberg Efim , Nitecki Sami , Karram Toni , Schwarz Henry A. , Sprecher Elliot , Hoffman Aaron , Yarnitsky David 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose.To estimate the possible predictors for the need for shunting during carotid endarterectomy in patients with severe unilateral carotid stenosis based on preoperative transcranial Doppler sonographic examination.Materials and Methods.One hundred twenty‐six patients were included in the study. Pulsatility index, flow acceleration, peak systolic velocity, and mean velocity were measured in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery on both sides. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was evaluated in 21 patients with shunts and in 55 patients without shunts.Results.The shunted and nonshunted groups did not differ with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics. The side‐to‐side difference in peak systolic velocity and mean velocity of the MCA was significantly higher in patients with shunts. CVR were significantly higher in the patients without shunts (36.0 ± 17.2%) than in patients with shunts (16.6 ± 11.4%; p = 0.0003). The peak systolic velocity and mean velocity asymmetry of the MCA had relatively low receiver operating characteristics, whereas CVR exhibited a relatively high accuracy in predicting the need for shunting.Conclusion.Low CVR and increased asymmetry of MCA velocities were found in patients who subsequently required shunting during carotid endarterectomy. The relatively low accuracy of the MCA asymmetry should prevent the use of this criterion as a reliable preoperative predictor for shunting during carotid surgery, whereas CVR was more accurate and may prove useful in this setting. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Leucine‐rich repeat proteins of synapses
Authors: Ko Jaewon , Kim Eunjoon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLeucine‐rich repeats (LRRs) are 20–29‐aa motifs that mediate protein–protein interactions and are present in a variety of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins. Many LRR proteins with neuronal functions have been reported. Here, we summarize an emerging group of synaptic LRR proteins, which includes densin‐180, Erbin, NGL, SALM, and LGI1. These proteins have been implicated in the formation, differentiation, maintenance, and plasticity of neuronal synapses. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization of the full‐length isoform of the type 2 corticotropin releasing factor receptor in the postnatal mouse cerebellar cortex
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Hoon , Bishop Georgia A. , Tian Jin Bin , Jang Yoon‐Jin , Bui Bao Chi , Nguyen Truong Le Xuan , Ahn Jee‐Yin , King James S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCorticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and its cognate receptors, defined as Type 1 and Type 2 have been localized within the cerebellum. The Type 2 CRF receptor (CRF‐R2) is known to have both a full length (CRF‐R2α) and a truncated (CRF‐R2α‐tr) isoform. A recent study documented CRF‐R2α primarily in Bergann glia and astrocytes, as well as in populations of Purkinje cells in the adult cerebellum. The goal of the present study is to determine if CRF‐R2α is present in the postnatal cerebellum, and if so to describe its cellular distribution. RT‐PCR data showed that CRF‐R2α is expressed in the mouse cerebellum from birth through postnatal day 21. Between birth and P14, CRF‐R2α‐immunoreactivity was localized within the somata of Purkinje cells, and migrating GABAergic interneurons. GFAP‐immunoreactive astrocytes, including Bergmann glia, also expressed CRF‐R2α‐immunoreactivity from P3‐P14. There is a change, however, in CRF‐R2α immunolabeling within neurons as the cerebellum matures. Compared to its expression in the adult cerebellum, Purkinje cells, and GABAergic interneurons showed more extensive CRF‐R2α immunolabeling during early postnatal development. We postulate that CRF‐R2α could be involved in developmental events related to the survival and differentiation of Purkinje cells and GABAergic neurons, whereas in the adult, this isoform of the CRF receptor family is likely involved in modulating Bergmann glia that have been shown to play a role in regulating the synaptic environment around Purkinje neurons. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low wavenumber Raman scattering of nanoparticles and nanocomposite materials
Authors: Ivanda M. , Furić K. , Musić S. , Ristić M. , Gotić M. , Ristić D. , Tonejc A. M. , Djerdj I. , Mattarelli M. , Montagna M. , Rossi F. , Ferrari M. , Chiasera A. , Jestin Y. , Righini G. C. , Kiefer W. , Gonçalves R. R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLow wavenumber Raman scattering of the acoustic vibrational modes of nanoparticles was used for the determination of the size distribution of free dielectric and semiconductor nanoparticles and of nanoparticles embedded in matrices. The theoretical background as well as the experimental results for the free noninteracting nanoparticles and for the nanoparticles in strong interaction with a surrounding matrix is described. The approach is based on a 1/ν dependence of the Raman light‐to‐vibration coupling coefficient and on the fact that each nanocrystallite of diameter D vibrates with its eigenfrequency ν ∼ 1/D. The model calculation considers the inhomogeneous broadening due to contribution from the particles of different sizes, and homogeneous broadening due to interaction of particles with the matrix. The comparison of the calculated and experimental low wavenumber Raman spectra are presented for SnO2, TiO2 and CdS free nanoparticles and TiO2, CdSxSe1−x and HfO2 nanoparticles embedded in a glass matrix. The particle‐size distributions determined by Raman scattering were compared to those found by TEM measurements. Raman spectroscopy proved to be a simple, fast and reliable method for size‐distribution measurements. By an inverse procedure, starting from the Raman spectra and known particle‐size distribution, a new method for the determination of the mean sound velocities of longitudinal and transverse phonons of nanoparticles is described. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of citrus limonoids and their differential inhibitory effects on human cytochrome P450 enzymes
Authors: Poulose Shibu M , Jayaprakasha Guddadarangavvanahally K , Mayer Richard T , Girennavar Basavaraj , Patil Bhimanagouda S 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent studies demonstrated that citrus limonoids and flavonoids possess numerous health promoting properties. In the present study, glucosides of limonoids and flavonoids were purified from citrus molasses and limonoid aglycones from citrus seeds. Glucosides were separated on styrene (divinylbenzene), Q‐sepharose resins with increasing concentration of sodium chloride. A pH‐dependent cold precipitation was carried out for the isolation of naringin in large quantity. Major aglycones such as limonin and nomilin were isolated from seeds by direct crystallization and minor limonoids were purified by vacuum liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by NMR spectra. Individual limonoids were tested for O‐dealkylase and hydroxylase activities of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP3A4 and CYP19, using ethoxyresorufin, methoxyresorufin and dibenzylfluorescein as substrates. Partial to high inhibition of CYPs was observed in dose‐dependent assays. Significant (P < 0.001) reductions in enzyme activities were observed with purified compounds above 2 µmol. Kinetic analyses indicated that limonin glucoside inhibited CYP19 competitively (IC50, 7.1 µ mol L−1), whereas Nomilinic acid glucoside inhibited it noncompetitively (IC50, 9.4 µ mol−1). Nomilinic acid glucoside was the most potent limonoid, with an overall IC50 of < 10 µ mol, for all the enzymes tested. The differential inhibition of CYPs can be ascribed to structural variations of the limonoid nucleus. Limonoid inhibition of key CYPs involved in carcinogenesis supports growing evidence that citrus limonoids act as anticancer agents. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Hypoglycaemic role of Cucurbita ficifolia (Cucurbitaceae) fruit extract in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Xia Tao , Wang Qin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCucurbita ficifolia is commonly used as an antidiabetic and antihyperglycaemic agent in Asia. However, the mechanisms of antidiabetic action of the plant remain to be clarified. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of C. ficifolia fruit extract on blood plasma, plasma insulin level, lipid peroxidation and number of β cells in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that feeding with C. ficifolia fruit extract caused reduction in STZ‐induced hyperglycaemia while increase plasma insulin level in STZ diabetic rats, and markedly reduced the STZ‐induced lipid peroxidation in pancreas of the rats. Further there was a significant increase in the number of β cells in C. ficifolia‐treated animals when compared with untreated diabetics, however, their number was still less than that obtained for normal rats, indicating the mode of protection of C. ficifolia fruit extract on pancreatic β cells. The present study thus confirms a hypoglycaemic effect of C. ficifolia fruit extract and suggests that oral feeding of C. ficifolia fruit extract may have a role in the renewal of β cells in STZ diabetic rats or, alternatively, may permit the recovery of partially destroyed β cells. Our results provide some documentation to define the role and mode of action of C. ficifolia fruit extract in its potential and promising use in treating diabetes. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Interval Topology and Order‐Convergence in the Hyperspace of a Topological Space
Authors: Schmidt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the hyperspace Exp X of all closed subsets of a topological space X interval and order topology solely use the ⊂‐relation in Exp X for their definitions whereas HAUSDORFF set convergence and VIETORIS topology use neighbourhoods in X itself. Nevertheless there exist intimate but non‐trivial relations between them.
Comparison Theorems in Homotopy Theory Via Operations on Homotopy Sets
Authors: Berrick A. J. , Kamps K. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present comparison theorems in semicubical homotopy theory. Topological versions are more or less well known and have been obtained amongst others by A. DOLD ([6], [7]), I. M. JAMES ([11]), P. R. HEATH ([9]), S. P. LAM ([15]), and the first author ([2], [3]). A partially abstract approach has been given by the first author in [3]. We use operations on homotopy sets and the notion of CHEP (covering homotopy extension property).
Ein Störungssatz für lokalkonvexe Räume
Authors: Wenzel Lothar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß gewisse additive Störungen infinitesimaler Erzeuger lokal gleichstetiger Halbgruppen eines lokalkonvexen Raumes E wieder zu infinitesimalen Erzeugern führen. Der bekannte Störungssatz im BANACH‐Raum ergibt sich als Spezialfall. Ein Beispiel belegt, daß die Verhältnisse in lokalkonvexen Räumen jedoch komplizierter sind.
0‐1‐Gesetze für die Konvergenz von Integralfunktionalen gewisser Semimartingale
Authors: Engelbert H. J. , Schmidt W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Funktionale der Gestalt untersucht. Dabei sind X ein gewisses, stetiges Semimartingal und f eine nichtnegative meßbare Funktion. Die betrachtete Klasse von Semimartingalen enthält insbesondere Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. Es werden 0‐1‐Gesetze sowie hinreichende Bedingungen für die Konvergenz dieser Funktionale bewiesen.
Humor and ad memorability: On the contributions of humor expectancy, relevancy, and need for humor
Authors: Kellaris James J. , Cline Thomas W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHumor is often used in advertising to make messages more entertaining and memorable. There are circumstances, however, under which humor can impede the acquisition of information from ads. This study explores these circumstances by examining how the interplay of humor expectancy, humor relevancy, and individuals' need for humor influences message claims recall. Results of experimentation show that recall is damaged when humor is expected—especially when expected humor is conceptually related to the message. Additionally, the deleterious impact of humor expectancy on recall is more pronounced among individuals characterized by low need for humor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The mediating effect of satisfaction on consumers' switching intention
Authors: Antón Carmen , Camarero Carmen , Carrero Mirtha 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMost previous research on consumers' switching intention has focused on individual variables that have immediate effects on consumers' intentions or behaviors, rather than analyzing it as a complex phenomenon. This article provides evidence that some service provider behaviors precipitate relationship dissolution, whereas other behaviors create a predisposition to switch. This different effect is observed through the mediating effect of customer satisfaction. While poor service quality and low firm commitment undermine consumer satisfaction and have only an indirect effect on switching intentions, price unfairness and anger incidents have a strong effect on switching, both directly and indirectly through satisfaction. Implications are discussed for customer relationship management. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of narrative versus factual print ad copy on product evaluation: The mediating role of ad message involvement
Authors: Polyorat Kawpong , Alden Dana L. , Kim Eugene S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relative impact of narrative versus factual message strategies on product evaluation was explored. The role of ad message involvement (AMI) as a mediator was also investigated. Narrative versus factual print ad copy resulted in more favorable product evaluations for two fictitious brands, one each from the cell phone and sunglasses product categories. Narrative print ad copy also elicited higher ad message involvement which, in turn, mediate the differential effect of narrative versus factual copy on product evaluations. The study demonstrated one of the major pathways through which the relatively more persuasive effects of narrative versus factual print ad copy appears to operate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sheathing Polymer Gels Fibrils with Nanotubules
Authors: Viswanathan C. , Mésini P. , Guenet J.‐M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of this preliminary study is to master the making of nanocomposites by physical processes. In particular, the sheathing of polymer fibrils by self‐assembled nanotubules is examined. Nanotubules recently prepared from 3,5‐Bis‐(5‐hexylcarbamoyl‐pentyloxy)‐benzoic acid decyl ester have been used for sheathing fibrils obtained by thermoreversible gelation of isotactic polystyrene. Investigations have been carried out by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Encapsulation of Indomethacin in PVP: Solid‐State NMR Studies
Authors: Guilbaud Jean‐Baptiste , Cummings Linda , Khimyak Yaroslav Z. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSummary:13C solid‐state NMR and 1H relaxation time measurements have been used to determine the structure of the crystalline and amorphous forms of the pharmaceutical drug indomethacin. Cross‐polarization dynamics parameters were calculated for individual NMR resonances providing an insight into the mobility of functional groups in two forms of indomethacin. The changes of mobility in indomethacin/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formulation have been investigated via1H‐13C solid‐state NMR methods.Differences between the amorphous material and its crystalline counterpart have been observed. The γ‐amorphous indomethacin rapidly crystallizes with time. It has been shown that encapsulation in the PVP stabilizes the amorphous form of the drug by preventing crystallization due to reduced mobility of the guest in the formulation.
Temperature‐Triggered Modification of Polymer‐ Solvent Interactions: From Fluid‐to‐Gel Transitions to Particle Capture
Authors: Saunders Jennifer M. , Alava Christina , Saunders Brian R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTemperature‐responsive polymers are of considerable interest in the literature. In this work the ability to combine temperature‐responsive polymer‐solvent interactions with architectural control to achieve a range of macroscopic effects is considered. The first part of the work considers poly(DEA) (N,N‐dieth ylacrylamide) microgel particles. The particles exhibit temperature‐triggered particle collapse at temperatures more than ca. 27 °C. As a consequence concentrated temperature‐responsive microgel dispersions change from gels to fluids when heated. The opposite effect is observed when dispersions or emulsions are stabilised by temperature‐responsive polymer surfactants. Recent results involving a gel‐forming castor oil‐in‐water emulsion are considered. The gelled emulsion releases a model drug (lidocaine) according to first‐order kinetics. We extend the principle of temperature‐triggered control of particle‐surface interactions to test a new approach for immobilising particles on surfaces. The method consists of electrodepositing Laponite particles onto a carbon surface, grafting of poly(NIPAM) (N‐isopropylacrylamide) onto the deposited particles and then increasing the temperature of the modified surface to trigger capture of dispersed polystyrene particles. This new approach uses chemistry that is potentially applicable to any conductive surface.
NMR Study on Polymer‐Solvent Interactions during Temperature‐Induced Phase Separation in Aqueous Polymer Solutions
Authors: Spěváček Jiří , Hanyková Lenka 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSome possibilities of NMR spectroscopy (mainly spin‐spin relaxation) in investigations of hydration and other polymer‐solvent interactions during the temperature‐induced phase separation in aqueous polymer solutions are described. A certain portion of water molecules bound in phase‐separated mesoglobules was revealed. The residence time of the bound HDO for poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/D2O solution (c = 6 wt%) is 1.2 ms. With time a slow release of originally bound water from the respective mesoglobules was observed. For highly concentrated PVME/D2O solutions (c = 20–60 wt%), the residence time of bound HDO ≫ 2.7 ms and fractions of bound water unchanged even for 70 h were found. A similar behaviour as described above for water (HDO) was also found for EtOH molecules in PVME/D2O/EtOH solutions.
FKM‐Richtlinie „Bruchmechanischer Festigkeitsnachweis für Maschinenbauteile”︁
Authors: Pyttel B. , Varfolomeyev I. , Berger C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeit 2001 gibt es die FKM‐Richtlinie „Bruchmechanischer Festigkeitsnachweis für Maschinenbauteile”︁ [1, 2]. Sie entstand in einem Forschungsvorhaben des Forschungskuratoriums Maschinenbau im Arbeitskreis „Bauteilfestigkeit”︁. Die Richtlinie beschreibt die Vorgehensweise einer bruchmechanischen Bewertung fehlerbehafteter Bauteile bei statischer und zyklischer Beanspruchung, die Konstrukteuren und Berechnungsingenieuren eine schnelle Umsetzung ermöglicht. Grundlage bilden nationale und internationale Dokumente, wie z. B. SINTAP [3], R6 [4], BS 7910 [5] und DVS‐2401 [6], neue Forschungsergebnisse und einige eigene Schwerpunkte. Seit 2004 gibt es auch eine englische Version der 2. Ausgabe der Richtlinie. Die Berechnungsprozeduren wurden in dem Computerprogramm FracSafe implementiert [7]. In der 3. Ausgabe wurden wesentliche Erweiterungen eingefügt. Sie erlauben die Berücksichtigung spezieller Effekte bei zyklischer Beanspruchung, von Mixed‐Mode‐Beanspruchung, dynamischer (schlagartiger) Beanspruchung, Spannungsrisskorrosion und probabilistische Berechnungen im bruchmechanischen Festigkeitsnachweis. Die Richtlinie beinhaltet ein Kompendium mit Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren und Grenzlastlösungen und eine Sammlung von Werkstoffdaten. Eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsbeispielen verdeutlicht die Handhabbarkeit. In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick über die Richtlinie [1] gegeben.
Verschleißmechanismen von CrAlYN PVD Schichten bei erhöhten Temperaturen
Authors: Scheerer H. , Hoche H. , Allebrandt D. , Schramm B. , Abele E. , Berger C 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn der spanenden Fertigung wird aus vielfältigen Gründen zunehmend auf den Einsatz von Kühl‐ und Schmieremulsion zugunsten der Trockenbearbeitung verzichtet. Die sich dadurch ergebenden höheren Belastungen der Werkzeugschneiden erfordern eine stete Weiterentwicklung der Beschichtungen. Am Institut für Werkstoffkunde (IfW) in Darmstadt entwickelte CrAlYN‐Beschichtungen zeigen besonders unter hoher Last und hoher Temperatur günstige tribologische Eigenschaften. Es wurden Proben unterschiedlichen Yttriumgehaltes eingehend charakterisiert und einer industriellen TiAlN‐Beschichtung gegenübergestellt. Obwohl die CrAlYN‐Schichten in ihrer Zusammensetzung noch nicht ausgereift sind und somit ein hohes Optimierungspotential bieten, zeigen sie vielfach vergleichbare und sogar bessere Eigenschaften als die bereits hochgradig optimierten TiAlN‐Schichten. Das mit zunehmendem Yttriumgehalt amorphere Gefüge der CrAlYN‐Schichten führt zu einer feinen und dichten Schichtmorphologie mit ebener und glatter Oberfläche, die gegenüber der porösen Stengelstruktur des TiAlN Vorteile sowohl beim Verschleiß durch Werkstoffzerrüttung als auch beim Oxidationswiderstand bietet. Außerdem ist eine deutlich verbesserte Adhäsion der Schicht auf dem Trägermaterial festzustellen, die sich in höheren ertragbaren Lasten beim Ritztest äußert.
Die Abteilung Medizin‐Produkte in der MPA Darmstadt – eine Erfolgsgeschichte
Authors: Stagge P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDie Entwicklung (ab 1980) und Bedeutung der Abteilung Medizin‐Produkte in der MPA Darmstadt werden geschildert und zukünftige Perspektiven aufgezeigt. Dabei werden die Aktivitäten (Prüfung, Überwachung, Beratung, Schadensklärung, Kalibrierung und Normung) anhand der für die Prüfstelle wesentlichen, nicht aktiven Medizinprodukte beispielhaft erläutert (Kondome, med. Einmalhandschuhe, Katheter, Zahnbürsten).