bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of compounds isolated from Gomphrena celosioides
Authors: Quang Ngo Van , Phuong Nguyen Thi Mai , Luong Dang Vu , Huyen Nguyen Thi Trang , Xuan Do Thi Thanh , Thuy Thanh Thi Thu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, the investigation of xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide formation inhibitory activities of three compounds isolated from aerial part of Gomphrena celosioides, a folk medicinal plant for treatment of gout disease, is reported. The isolated compounds were determined based on NMR and ESI‐MS spectra, they are umbellatosides B, 20‐hydroxyecdysone, and 20‐hydroxyecdysone‐20,22‐monoacetonide. Biological activity results indicated that three compounds showed great activities, in which, umbellatosides B has good activity with IC50 value of 33.78 ± 0.49 and 19.55 ± 0.61 µm for xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide inhibitory activities, respectively. This is the report on the xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of three compounds that were first time isolated from the G. celosioides.
A small‐bore wire‐guided chest tube for the initial stabilisation of septic uroperitoneum in a dog
Authors: Elisa Pizzi , Veronica Cola , Chiara Ferrari , Sofia Segatore , Sara Del Magno 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this report was to describe the emergency management and subsequent surgical treatment of a 6‐year‐old, entire, male Epagneul Breton referred for septic uroperitoneum of 5 days duration. Clinical stabilisation was achieved by the insertion of a percutaneous small‐bore wire‐guided chest tube as an abdominal drain in association with conventional medical treatment. The small‐bore wire‐guided chest tube was inserted percutaneously into the abdomen, under ultrasound guidance, using a modified Seldinger technique. It was connected to a closed active collection system, and successfully drained the peritoneal urinary effusion. The medical treatment associated with the application of the small‐bore wire‐guided chest tube contributed to the patient's stabilisation, which was reached within 5 hours from arrival, allowing for an exploratory laparotomy with repair of the bladder laceration. The small‐bore wire‐guided chest tube was replaced during surgery by a Jackson–Pratt drain, which remained in place for 4 days postoperatively. The dog has completely recovered, and no complications were recorded.
Security Compliance in Model-Driven Software Development
Authors: Peldszus Sven 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo ensure the security of a software system, it is vital to keep up with changing security precautions, attacks, and mitigations. Although model-based development enables addressing security already at design-time, design models are often inconsistent with the implementation or among themselves. Such inconsistencies hinder the effective realization and verification of secure software systems. In addition, variants of software systems are another burden to developing secure systems. Vulnerabilities must be identified and fixed on all variants or else attackers could be well-guided in attacking unfixed variants. To ensure security in this context, in the thesis (Peldszus, Security Compliance in Model-driven Development of Software Systems in Presence of Long-Term Evolution and Variants. Springer, Berlin; 2022), we present GRaViTY, an approach that allows security experts to specify security requirements on the most suitable system representation. To preserve security, based on continuous automated change propagation, GRaViTY automatically checks all system representations against these security requirements. To systematically improve the object-oriented design of a software-intensive system, GRaViTY provides security-preserving refactorings. For both continuous security compliance checks and refactorings, we show the application to variant-rich software systems. To support legacy systems, GRaViTY allows to automatically reverse-engineer variability-aware UML models and semi-automatically map existing design models to the implementation. Besides evaluations of the individual contributions, we demonstrate applicability of the approach in two real-world case studies, the iTrust electronics health records system and the Eclipse Secure Storage. This book chapter provides a summary of the thesis, focusing on the addressed problems, identified and answered research questions, the general solution, and its application of it to two case studies. For details on the individual solutions, please refer to the thesis and the corresponding publications referenced in this book chapter.
Loop amplitudes in the Coulomb branch of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Abhishek Md. , Hegde Subramanya , Jatkar Dileep P. , Saha Arnab Priya , Suthar Amit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study four point planar loop amplitudes at an arbitrary point in the Coulomb branch of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. We study two particle unitary cuts up to four loop order. We explicitly verify that bubble and triangle graphs do not contribute at one loop level and show that the results hold at higher loop level as well. We also write down an all loop recursion relation for two particle reducible graphs for four point amplitudes.
Coupling a Cosmic String to a TQFT
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel , Hong Sungwoo , Wang Lian-Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A common framework of particle physics consists of two sectors of particles, such as the Standard Model and a dark sector, with some interaction between them. In this work, we initiate the study of a qualitatively different setup in which one of the sectors is a topological quantum field theory (TQFT). Instead of particles, the physics of a TQFT only manifests itself in non-trivial spacetime topologies or in the presence of topological defects. In particular, we consider two possible ways in which axionic cosmic strings can interact with a ℤn TQFT. One of them, by extending the structure of the axion coupling, leads to specific predictions for the localized degrees of freedom on the cosmic string, which can in turn effect their evolution and leave observable signals. The second approach, by gauging a discrete subgroup of the axionic shift symmetry, leads to dramatic changes in the string spectrum. We stress that the scenario considered here should be regarded as a plausible way for new physics to arise since it can be the low energy effective field theory for quite generic scenarios at high energies. To demonstrate this point and further illustrate the physical implications, we construct UV completions for both of the cases of couplings to TQFTs. While detailed predictions for observable signals of such scenarios require further investigation, our results demonstrate that there are rich new phenomena in this scenario.
Human presencing: an alternative perspective on human embodiment and its implications for technology
Authors: Fester-Seeger Marie-Theres 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman presencing explores how people’s past encounters with others shape their present actions. In this paper, I present an alternative perspective on human embodiment in which the re-evoking of the absent can be traced to the intricate interplay of bodily dynamics. By situating the phenomenon within distributed, embodied, and dialogic approaches to language and cognition, I am overcoming the theoretical and methodological challenges involved in perceiving and acting upon what is not perceptually present. In a case study, I present strong and weak dimensions of human presencing. In the former, a person uses their body in distinct ways and shapes their immediate ecology to make others present to them. In contrast, in the latter, a person’s past encounter with others powerfully shapes the projections they make onto written digital inscriptions. These findings have implications for how people act in online learning environments and how human activity shapes the machines we use every day. In this way, the paper highlights the complexity of a person as a social being and allows for different approaches to human embodiment in technology.
A generic functional inequality and Riccati pairs: an alternative approach to Hardy-type inequalities
Authors: Kajántó Sándor , Kristály Alexandru , Peter Ioan Radu , Zhao Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a generic functional inequality on Riemannian manifolds, both in additive and multiplicative forms, that produces well known and genuinely new Hardy-type inequalities. For the additive version, we introduce Riccati pairs that extend Bessel pairs developed by Ghoussoub and Moradifam (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008 & Math. Ann., 2011). This concept enables us to give very short/elegant proofs of a number of celebrated functional inequalities on Riemannian manifolds with sectional curvature bounded from above by simply solving a Riccati-type ODE. Among others, we provide alternative proofs for Caccioppoli inequalities, Hardy-type inequalities and their improvements, spectral gap estimates, interpolation inequalities, and Ghoussoub-Moradifam-type weighted inequalities. Concerning the multiplicative form, we prove sharp uncertainty principles on Cartan-Hadamard manifolds, i.e., Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl uncertainty principles, Hydrogen uncertainty principles and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities. Some sharpness and rigidity phenomena are also discussed.
Aesthetic Surgery Fellowship at Akademikliniken Stockholm: Survey among Graduates
Authors: Montemurro Paolo , Diehm Yannick F. , Hedén Per , Fischer Sebastian , Wagner Johannes M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Aesthetic Surgery is one of the most competitive fields of plastic surgery. Although there is a certain demand for highly educated surgeons in this field, training in cosmetic procedures remains challenging. Akademikliniken Stockholm offers a highly appreciated fellowship program for aesthetic plastic surgeons and trained more than 200 surgeons from all over the world.

Objectives
The aim of the present work was to provide insights into this fellowship program, analyze what graduates have learned and if this had implications on their further professional orientation.

Methods
Participants of the Akademikliniken fellowship program, who graduated between 10/2008 and 10/2018 (n = 66) were invited to take part in an online survey which included 30 questions about general demographics and about experience before, during and after the fellowship.

Results
Thirty-four graduates participated in the survey (52%). Twenty-four graduates (71%) had been already specialists in plastic surgery before commencing the fellowship program. Mean length of fellowship was 7 months (range 3–24months). Numbers of aesthetic procedures performed by the applicants significantly increased after the fellowship, and moreover, the scope of daily clinical practice shifted toward aesthetics in almost all applicants.

Conclusions
A well-designed dedicated aesthetic surgery fellowship can improve the lack of training, aesthetic surgeons have during their residency. Graduates of our fellowship program reported great improvements in confidence in performing aesthetic procedures and a benefit for their future career.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Automated graded prognostic assessment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using machine learning
Authors: Gross Moritz , Haider Stefan P. , Ze’evi Tal , Huber Steffen , Arora Sandeep , Kucukkaya Ahmet S. , Iseke Simon , Gebauer Bernhard , Fleckenstein Florian , Dewey Marc , Jaffe Ariel , Strazzabosco Mario , Chapiro Julius , Onofrey John A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurate mortality risk quantification is crucial for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, most scoring systems are subjective.

Purpose
To develop and independently validate a machine learning mortality risk quantification method for HCC patients using standard-of-care clinical data and liver radiomics on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
This retrospective study included all patients with multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI at the time of diagnosis treated at our institution. Patients were censored at their last date of follow-up, end-of-observation, or liver transplantation date. The data were randomly sampled into independent cohorts, with 85% for development and 15% for independent validation. An automated liver segmentation framework was adopted for radiomic feature extraction. A random survival forest combined clinical and radiomic variables to predict overall survival (OS), and performance was evaluated using Harrell’s C-index.

Results
A total of 555 treatment-naïve HCC patients (mean age, 63.8 years ± 8.9 [standard deviation]; 118 females) with MRI at the time of diagnosis were included, of which 287 (51.7%) died after a median time of 14.40 (interquartile range, 22.23) months, and had median followed up of 32.47 (interquartile range, 61.5) months. The developed risk prediction framework required 1.11 min on average and yielded C-indices of 0.8503 and 0.8234 in the development and independent validation cohorts, respectively, outperforming conventional clinical staging systems. Predicted risk scores were significantly associated with OS (p < .00001 in both cohorts).

Conclusions
Machine learning reliably, rapidly, and reproducibly predicts mortality risk in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from data routinely acquired in clinical practice.

Clinical relevance statement
Precision mortality risk prediction using routinely available standard-of-care clinical data and automated MRI radiomic features could enable personalized follow-up strategies, guide management decisions, and improve clinical workflow efficiency in tumor boards.

Key Points
• Machine learning enables hepatocellular carcinoma mortality risk prediction using standard-of-care clinical data and automated radiomic features from multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI.
• Automated mortality risk prediction achieved state-of-the-art performances for mortality risk quantification and outperformed conventional clinical staging systems.
• Patients were stratified into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups with significantly different survival times, generalizable to an independent evaluation cohort.
Tropical cyclones in global high-resolution simulations using the IPSL model
Authors: Bourdin Stella , Fromang Sébastien , Caubel Arnaud , Ghattas Josefine , Meurdesoif Yann , Dubos Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite many years of extensive research, the evolution of Tropical Cyclone (TC) activity in our changing climate remains uncertain. This is partly because the answer to that question relies primarily on climate simulations with horizontal resolutions of a few tens of kilometers. Such simulations have only recently become accessible for most modeling centers, including the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL). Using recent numerical developments in the IPSL model, we perform a series of historical atmospheric-only simulations that follow the HighResMIP protocol. We assess the impact of increasing the resolution from $${\sim }\, 200$$

∼

200

to 25 km on TC activity. In agreement with previous work, we find a systematic improvement of TC activity with increasing resolution with respect to the observations. However, a clear signature of TC frequencies convergence with resolution is still lacking. Cyclogenesis geographical distributions also improve at the scale of individual basins. This is particularly true of the North Atlantic, where the agreement with the observed distribution is impressive at 25 km. In agreement with the observations, TC activity correlates with the large-scale environment and ENSO in that basin. By contrast, TC frequencies remain too small in the Western North Pacific at 25 km, where significant biases of humidity and vorticity are found compared to the reanalysis. Despite the few minor weaknesses we identified, our results demonstrate that the IPSL model is a suitable tool for studying TCs on climate time scales. This work thus opens the way for further studies contributing to our understanding of TC climatology.
Operational wind and turbulence nowcasting capability for advanced air mobility
Authors: Chrit Mounir , Majdi Marwa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study introduces “WindAware”, a wind and turbulence prediction system that provides nowcasts of wind and turbulence parameters every 5 min up to 6 h over a predetermined airway over Chicago, Illinois, USA, based on 100 m high-resolution simulations (HRSs). This system is a long short-term memory-based recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) that uses existing ground-based wind data to provide nowcasts (forecasts up to 6 h every 5 min) of wind speed, wind direction, wind gust, and eddy dissipation rate to support the Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UASs) safe integration into the National Airspace System (NAS). These HRSs are validated using both ground-based measurements over airports and upper-air radiosonde observations and their skill is illustrated during lake-breeze events. A reasonable agreement is found between measured and simulated winds especially when the boundary layer is convective, but the timing and inland penetration of lake-breeze events are overall slightly misrepresented. The WindAware model is compared with the classic multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models. It is demonstrated by comparison to high-resolution simulations that WindAware provides more accurate predictions than the MLP over the 6 h lead times and has almost similar performance as the XGBoost model although the XGBoost’s training is the fastest using its parallelized implementation. WindAware also has higher prediction errors when validated against lake-breeze events data due to their under-representation in the training dataset.
HayCAMJ: A new method to uncover the importance of main filter for small objects in explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Ornek Ahmet Haydar , Ceylan Murat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVisual XAI methods enable experts to reveal importance maps highlighting intended classes over input images. This research paper presents a novel approach to visual explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for object detection in deep learning models. The study investigates the effectiveness of activation maps generated by five different methods, namely GradCAM, GradCAM++, EigenCAM, HayCAM, and a newly proposed method called "HayCAMJ", in detecting objects within images. The experiments were conducted on two datasets (Pascal VOC 2007 and Pascal VOC 2012) and three models (ResNet18, ResNet34, and MobileNet). Zero padding was applied to resize and center the objects due to the large objects in the images. The results show that HayCAMJ performs better than other XAI techniques in detecting small objects. This finding suggests that HayCAMJ has the potential to become a promising new approach for object detection in deep classification models.
Lumbar percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective survey on the first 172 adult patients treated in Denmark
Authors: Terkelsen Jacob Holmen , Hundsholt Torben , Bjarkam Carsten Reidies 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate patient demographics, surgery characteristics, and patient-reported clinical outcomes related to the implementation of lumbar PTED in Denmark by surgeons novice to the PTED technique.

Methods
All adult patients treated with a lumbar PTED from our first surgery in October 2020 to December 2021 were included. Data was generated by journal audit and telephone interview.

Results
A total of 172 adult patients underwent lumbar PTED. Surgery duration was a median of 45.0 (35.0–60.0) minutes and patients were discharged a median of 0 (0–1.0) days after. Per operatively one procedure was converted to open microdiscectomy due to profuse bleeding. Post operatively one patient complained of persistent headache (suggestive of a dural tear), two patients developed new L5 paresthesia, and three patients had a newly developed dorsal flexion paresis (suggestive of a root lesion). Sixteen patients did not complete follow-up and 24 (14.0%) underwent reoperation of which 54.2% were due to residual disk material. Among the remaining 132 patients, lower back and leg pain decreased from 7.0 (5.0–8.5) to 2.5 (1.0–4.5) and from 8.0 (6.0–9.1) to 2.0 (0–3.6) at follow-up, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, 93.4% returned to work and 78.8% used less analgesics. Post hoc analysis comparing the early half of cases with the latter half did not find any significant change in surgery time, complication and reoperation rates, nor in pain relief, return to work, or analgesia use.

Conclusion
Clinical improvements after lumbar PTED performed by surgeons novel to the technique are satisfactory, although the reoperation rate is high, severe complications may occur, and the learning curve can be longer than expected.
Resection status and margin control in intraoperative frozen sectioning analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Neumann Felix , Straub Xenia , Mrosk Friedrich , Rubarth Kerstin , Wolfsberg Johanna , Piwonski Iris , Doll Christian , Voss Jan , Heiland Max , Kreutzer Kilian , Koerdt Steffen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Intraoperative frozen section analysis (IFSA) is a well-established procedure for determining the intraoperative soft tissue resection status in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Margin status is a major predictor of the patient´s outcome, histologically free margins of ≥ 5 mm are demanded. This study evaluates the accuracy of IFSA, the impact of margin status and the impact of intraoperative margin revision on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods
This retrospective study included 213 patients with OSCC. IFSA results were compared with definitive histopathological reports, Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed. Cut-off values were calculated for resection margins considering known risk factors.

Results
IFSA showed positive margins in 8 cases (3.8%). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant differences for OS or DFS if R0-status was achieved by initial resection or immediate re-resection.
Final histopathological evaluation revealed false-positive IFSA in 3/8 cases (37.5%) and false-negative IFSA in 1/205 cases (0.5%). Sensitivity was 83.3% and specificity was 98.6%.
Analysis of optimal cut-off values showed no general need for larger resection margins in patients with risk factors. Cut-off values were slightly higher for patients with the risk factor alcohol consumption (7 mm for OS and DFS) or pN + ECS- disease (7 mm for DFS). Optimal cut-off values for tumour-margin-distance were around 6 mm.

Conclusion
IFSA provides a valuable assessment method for intraoperative soft tissue resection margins. Risk factors seemingly do not significantly influence the extent of tumour resection.