bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega‐3 PUFA of marine origin limit diet‐induced obesity in mice by reducing cellularity of adipose tissue
Authors: Ruzickova Jana , Rossmeisl Martin , Prazak Tomas , Flachs Pavel , Sponarova Jana , Vecka Marek , Tvrzicka Eva , Bryhn Morten , Kopecky Jan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOmega‐3 PUFA of marine origin reduce adiposity in animals fed a high‐fat diet. Our aim was to learn whether EPA and DHA could limit development of obesity and reduce cellularity of adipose tissue and whether other dietary FA could influence the effect of EPA/DHA. Weight gain induced by composite high‐fat diet in C57BL/6J mice was limited when the content of EPA/DHA was increased from 1 to 12% (wt/wt) of dietary lipids. Accumulation of adipose tissue was reduced, especially of the epididymal fat. Low ratio of EPA to DHA promoted the effect. A higher dose of EPA/DHA was required to reduce adiposity when admixed to diets that did not promote obesity, the semisynthetic high‐fat diets rich in EFA, either α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18∶3 n−3, the precursor of EPA and DHA) or linoleic (18∶2 n−6) acid. Quantification of adipose tissue DNA revealed that except for the diet rich in ALA the reduction of epididymal fat was associated with 34–50% depression of tissue cellularity, similar to the 30% caloric restriction in the case of the high‐fat composite diet. Changes in plasma markers and adipose gene expression indicated improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism due to EPA/DHA even in the context of the diet rich in ALA. Our results document augmentation of the antiadipogenic effect of EPA/DHA during development of obesity and suggest that EPA/DHA could reduce accumulation of body fat by limiting both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fat cells. Increased dietary intake of EPA/DHA may be beneficial regardless of the ALA intake.
Increasing homicide rates and linoleic acid consumption among five western countries, 1961–2000
Authors: Hibbeln Joseph R. , Nieminen Levi R. G. , Lands William E. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractClinical intervention trials and animal studies indicate that increasing dietary intakes of long chain n−3 FA or reducing linoleic acid intake may reduce aggressive and violent behaviors. Here we examine if economic measures of greater n−6 consumption across time and countries correlate with greater risk of homicide. Linoleic acid available for human consumption was calculated from World Health Organization disappearance data for 12 major seed oils in the food supply for the years 1961 to 2000 in Argentina, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States (US). Homicide mortality rates, adjusted for age, were obtained from the central judicial authority of each country. Apparent linoleic acid intake from seed oil sources ranged from 0.29 en% (percentage of daily food energy) (Australia 1962) to 8.3 en% (US 1990s). Greater apparent consumption of linoleic acid correlated with higher rates of homicide mortality over a 20‐fold range (0.51–10.2/100,000) across countries and time in an exponential growth regression model (r=0.94, F=567, P<0.00001). Within each country, correlations between greater linoleic acid disappearance and homicide mortality over time were significant in linear regression models. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine if reducing high intakes of linoleic acid by seed oils with alternative compositions can reduce the risk of violent behaviors. These dietary interventions merit exploration as relatively cost‐effective measures for reducing the pandemic of violence in Western societies, just as dietary interventions are reducing cardiovascular mortality. Low linoleate diets may prevent behavioral maladies that correctional institutions, social service programs, and mental health providers intend to treat.
Olive oil consumption and reduced incidence of hypertension: The SUN study
Authors: Alonso Alvaro , Martínez‐González Migel Ángel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOlive oil, a major component of the Mediterranean diet, has been associated in some small clinical trials and cross‐sectional studies with a reduction in blood pressure. The objective of this study was to assess the association of olive oil consumption with the incidence of hypertension in an epidemiologic cohort, the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) study. The SUN Project is a prospective cohort study whose members are all university graduates. The recruitment and follow‐up of participants is made using mailed questionnaires. Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire previously validated in Spain, with 136 items. Outcomes of interest were newly diagnosed cases of hypertension, as reported by participants in the follow‐up questionnaires. Logistic regression models were fit to assess the risk of hypertension associated with olive oil consumption. For the present analysis, we have taken in consideration the first 6,863 participants, with at least 2 yr of follow‐up. After a median follow‐up time of 28.5 mon, the cumulative incidence of hypereension was 4.7% in men and 1.7% in women. A lower risk of hypertension was observed among participants with a higher olive oil consumption at baseline, but the results were not statistically significant (P=0.13 for the linear trend test in the multivariate model). However, among men, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals) of hypertension for the second to fifth quintiles of olive oil consumption, compared with the first quintile, were 0.55 (0.28–1.10), 0.75 (0.39–1.43), 0.32 (0.15–0.70), and 0.46 (0.23–0.94), respectively (P=0.02 for linear trend). No association was found between olive oil consumption and the risk of hypertension among women. In conclusion, in a Mediterranean population, we found olive oil consumption to be associated with a reduced risk of hypertension only among men. The lack of association observed among women might be attributed to the overall lower incidence of hypertension found among females and the resulting lower statistical power.
Innovation‐supportive culture: The impact of organizational values on process innovation
Authors: Khazanchi Shalini , Lewis Marianne W. , Boyer Kenneth K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFor managers, innovation is vital, but paradoxical, requiring flexibility and empowerment, as well as control and efficiency. Increasingly, studies stress organizational culture as a key to managing innovation. Yet innovation‐supportive culture remains an intricate and amorphous phenomenon. In response, we explore how organizational values – a foundational building block of culture – impact a particular process innovation, the implementation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). To unpack this scarcely studied construct, we examine three‐dimensions of organizational values: value profiles, value congruence and value–practice interactions.
A single mutation at Tyr143 of human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase renders the enzyme thermosensitive and affects the oxidation state of bound cofactor nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide
Authors: Belužić Robert , Ćuk Mario , Pavkov Tea , Fumić Ksenija , Barić Ivo , Mudd S. Harvey , Jurak Igor , Vugrek Oliver 
Published: November 2006

Recently, we have described the first human case of AdoHcyase (S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase) deficiency. Two point mutations in the AdoHcyase gene, the missense mutation p.Y143C (AdoHcyase in which Tyr143 is replaced by cysteine) and the truncation mutation p.W112stop (AdoHcyase in which Trp112 is replaced by opal stop codon) were identified [Barić, Fumić, Glenn, Ćuk, Schulze, Finkelstein, James, Mejaški-Bošnjak, Pažanin, Pogribny et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 4234–4239]. To elucidate the molecular and catalytic properties of AdoHcyase, we have made recombinant wild-type and mutant p.Y143C (AdoHcyase in which Tyr143 is replaced by cysteine) enzymes for a comparative analysis. The catalytic rates of p.Y143C protein in the directions of S-adenosylhomocysteine synthesis or hydrolysis are decreased from 65% to 75%. Further, the oxidation states of coenzyme NAD differ between mutant and wild-type protein, with an increased NADH accumulation in the mutant p.Y143C enzyme of 88% NADH (wild-type contains 18% NADH). Quantitative binding of NAD is not affected. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed, that mutant p.Y143C subunits are able to form the tetrameric complex as is the wild-type enzyme. CD analysis showed that the p.Y143C mutation renders the recombinant protein thermosensitive, with an unfolding temperature significantly reduced by 7 °C compared with wild-type protein. Change of Glu115 to lysine in wild-type protein causes a change in thermosensitivity almost identical with that found in the p.Y143C enzyme, indicating that the thermosensitivity is due to a missing hydrogen bond between Tyr143 and Glu115. We emphasize involvement of this particular hydrogen bond for subunit folding and/or holoenyzme stability. In summary, a single mutation in the AdoHcyase affecting both the oxidation state of bound co-factor NAD and enzyme stability is present in a human with AdoHcyase deficiency.
Effect of training on the response of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor to exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Wood Rachel E. , Sanderson Brad E. , Askew Christopher D. , Walker Philip J. , Green Simon , Stewart Ian B. 
Published: November 2006

Expansion of the capillary network, or angiogenesis, occurs following endurance training. This process, which is reliant on the presence of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), is an adaptation to a chronic mismatch between oxygen demand and supply. Patients with IC (intermittent claudication) experience pain during exercise associated with an inadequate oxygen delivery to the muscles. Therefore the aims of the present study were to examine the plasma VEGF response to acute exercise, and to establish whether exercise training alters this response in patients with IC. In Part A, blood was collected from patients with IC (n=18) before and after (+20 and +60 min post-exercise) a maximal walking test to determine the plasma VEGF response to acute exercise. VEGF was present in the plasma of patients (45.11±29.96 pg/ml) and was unchanged in response to acute exercise. Part B was a training study to determine whether exercise training altered the VEGF response to acute exercise. Patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TMT; n=7) that completed 6 weeks of high-intensity treadmill training, or to a control group (CON; n=6). All patients completed a maximal walking test before and after the intervention, with blood samples drawn as for Part A. Training had no effect on plasma VEGF at rest or in response to acute exercise, despite a significant increase in maximal walking time in the TMT group (915±533 to 1206±500 s; P=0.009) following the intervention. The absence of a change in plasma VEGF may reflect altered VEGF binding at the endothelium, although this cannot be confirmed by the present data.
CGI: a new approach for prioritizing genes by combining gene expression and protein–protein interaction data
Authors: Ma Xiaotu , Lee Hyunju , Wang Li , Sun Fengzhu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Identifying candidate genes associated with a given phenotype or trait is an important problem in biological and biomedical studies. Prioritizing genes based on the accumulated information from several data sources is of fundamental importance. Several integrative methods have been developed when a set of candidate genes for the phenotype is available. However, how to prioritize genes for phenotypes when no candidates are available is still a challenging problem.Results: We develop a new method for prioritizing genes associated with a phenotype by Combining Gene expression and protein Interaction data (CGI). The method is applied to yeast gene expression data sets in combination with protein interaction data sets of varying reliability. We found that our method outperforms the intuitive prioritizing method of using either gene expression data or protein interaction data only and a recent gene ranking algorithm GeneRank. We then apply our method to prioritize genes for Alzheimer's disease.Availability: The code in this paper is available upon request.Contact: fsun@usc.eduSupplementary data: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Association of Specific Expansins with Growth in Maize Leaves Is Maintained under Environmental, Genetic, and Developmental Sources of Variation
Authors: Muller Bertrand , Bourdais Gildas , Reidy Beat , Bencivenni Christelle , Massonneau Agnès , Condamine Pascal , Rolland Gaëlle , Conéjéro Geneviève , Rogowsky Peter , Tardieu François 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate whether changes in maize (Zea mays) leaf expansion rate in response to environmental stimuli or developmental gradients are mediated by common or specific expansins, a class of proteins known to enhance cell wall extensibility. Among the 33 maize expansin or putative expansin genes analyzed, 19 were preferentially expressed at some point of the leaf elongation zone and these expansins could be organized into three clusters related to cell division, maximal leaf expansion, and cell wall differentiation. Further analysis of the spatial distribution of expression was carried out for three expansins in leaves displaying a large range of expansion rates due to water deficit, genotype, and leaf developmental stage. With most sources of variation, the three genes showed similar changes in expression and consistent association with changes in leaf expansion. Moreover, our analysis also suggested preferential association of each expansin with elongation, widening, or both of these processes. Finally, using in situ hybridization, expression of two of these genes was increased in load-bearing tissues such as the epidermis and differentiating xylem. Together, these results suggest that some expansins may be preferentially related to elongation and widening after integrating several spatial, environmental, genetic, and developmental cues.
A Novel Family of Lectins Evolutionarily Related to Class V Chitinases: An Example of Neofunctionalization in Legumes
Authors: Van Damme Els J.M. , Culerrier Raphaël , Barre Annick , Alvarez Richard , Rougé Pierre , Peumans Willy J. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
A lectin has been identified in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) bark that shares approximately 50% sequence identity with plant class V chitinases but is essentially devoid of chitinase activity. Specificity studies indicated that the black locust chitinase-related agglutinin (RobpsCRA) preferentially binds to high-mannose N-glycans comprising the proximal pentasaccharide core structure. Closely related orthologs of RobpsCRA could be identified in the legumes Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and Lotus japonicus but in no other plant species, suggesting that this novel lectin family most probably evolved in an ancient legume species or possibly an earlier ancestor. This identification of RobpsCRA not only illustrates neofunctionalization in plants, but also provides firm evidence that plants are capable of developing a sugar-binding domain from an existing structural scaffold with a different activity and accordingly sheds new light on the molecular evolution of plant lectins.
Functional Conservation of a Root Hair Cell-Specificcis-Element in Angiosperms with Different Root Hair Distribution Patterns
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Lee Sang Ho , Choi Sang-Bong , Won Su-Kyung , Heo Yoon-Kyung , Cho Misuk , Park Youn-Il , Cho Hyung-Taeg 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVascular plants develop distinctive root hair distribution patterns in the root epidermis, depending on the taxon. The three patterns, random (Type 1), asymmetrical cell division (Type 2), and positionally cued (Type 3), are controlled by different upstream fate-determining factors that mediate expression of root hair cell-specific genes for hair morphogenesis. Here, we address whether these root hair genes possess a common transcriptional regulatory module (cis-element) determining cell-type specificity despite differences in the final root hair pattern. We identified Arabidopsis thaliana expansinA7 (At EXPA7) orthologous (and paralogous) genes from diverse angiosperm species with different hair distribution patterns. The promoters of these genes contain conserved root hair–specific cis-elements (RHEs) that were functionally verified in the Type-3 Arabidopsis root. The promoter of At EXPA7 (Type-3 pattern) also showed hair cell–specific expression in the Type 2 rice (Oryza sativa) root. Root hair–specific genes other than EXPAs also carry functionally homologous RHEs in their promoters. The RHE core consensus was established by a multiple alignment of functionally characterized RHEs from different species and by high-resolution analysis of At EXPA7 RHE1. Our results suggest that this regulatory module of root hair–specific genes has been conserved across angiosperms despite the divergence of upstream fate-determining machinery.
Founder effects, inbreeding and effective sizes in the Southern cattle tick: the effect of transmission dynamics and implications for pest management
Authors: KOFFI BROU BASILE , DE MEEÛS THIERRY , BARRÉ NICOLAS , DURAND PATRICK , ARNATHAU CÉLINE , CHEVILLON CHRISTINE 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSince its immigration in the Pacific island of New Caledonia in 1942 (i.e. about 240 tick‐generations ago), the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has experienced a remarkable adaptive diversification there. In order to better understand the population factors involved, we have investigated the B. microplus population structure on that main host‐species, Bos taurus. This study was based microsatellite loci and confirmed that the island colonization came along with a significant bottleneck. Knowledge on B. microplus biology led us to expect B. microplus populations to be composed of highly inbred lineages irregularly dispatched among the individual hosts belonging to the same herds. Instead, this study evidenced a weak inbreeding level and an absence of genetic differentiation within herds. Complementarily, a significant signal of isolation by distance exhibited that human‐traffic of cattle does not promote high tick dispersal within the island. Finally, the tick density was found to be about a few hundreds of reproducing adults per squared kilometre, for a gene dispersal range of about a few hundred metres per tick generation. Results are discussed with regard to the evolution of new adaptive changes.
A membrane‐bound FtsH protease is involved in osmoregulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: the compatible solute synthesizing enzyme GgpS is one of the targets for proteolysis
Authors: Stirnberg Marit , Fulda Sabine , Huckauf Jana , Hagemann Martin , Krämer Reinhard , Marin Kay 
Published: November 2006

SummaryProtein quality control and proteolysis are involved in cell maintenance and environmental acclimatization in bacteria and eukaryotes. The AAA protease FtsH2 of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was identified during a screening for mutants impaired in osmoregulation. The ftsH2– mutant was salt sensitive because of a decreased level of the osmoprotectant glucosylglycerol (GG). In spite of wild type‐like transcription of the ggpS gene in ftsH2– cells the GgpS protein content increased but only low levels of GgpS activity were observed. Consequently, salt tolerance of the ftsH2– mutant decreased while addition of external osmolyte complemented the salt sensitivity. The proteolytic degradation of the GgpS protein by FtsH2 was demonstrated by an in vitro assay using inverted membrane vesicles. The GgpS is part of a GG synthesizing complex, because yeast two‐hybrid screens identified a close interaction with the GG‐phosphate phosphatase. Besides GgpS as the first soluble substrate of a cyanobacterial FtsH protease, several other putative targets were identified by a proteomic approach. We present a novel molecular explanation for the salt‐sensitive phenotype of bacterial ftsH– mutants as the result of accumulation of inactive enzymes for compatible solute synthesis, in this case GgpS the key enzyme of GG synthesis.
The novel Hha/YmoA family of nucleoid‐associated proteins: use of structural mimicry to modulate the activity of the H‐NS family of proteins
Authors: Madrid Cristina , Balsalobre Carlos , García Jesús , Juárez Antonio 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe Hha/YmoA family of proteins is a group of conserved, low‐molecular‐weight proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. Studies performed in Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Yersinia sp. highlight the contribution of these proteins in regulating bacterial virulence, horizontal gene transfer and cell physiology. Genes encoding such proteins are located on chromosomes and plasmids in different genera of Gram‐negative bacteria. Their mode of action is currently being analysed by studying direct binding of Hha to DNA and as a component of protein complexes with regulatory functions. Recent data on the interaction of Hha with the H‐NS family of proteins and structural information suggest a physiological role for such protein complexes in many aspects of gene regulation.
Endometrial thickness screening in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Getpook Chatpavit , Wattanakumtornkul Saranya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim:  To assess the role of measuring endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) as a screening tool for abnormal uterine bleeding triage in premenopausal women.Methods:  Between November 2002 and October 2004, endometrial thickness was measured by TVS in 111 premenopausal women with non‐cyclic abnormal uterine bleeding before dilatation and curettage.Results:  Of the 111 women, 31 (27.9%) had an abnormal endometrium (hyperplasia 13.5%, polyps 5.4%, submucous myoma 5.4%, and adenocarcinoma 3.6%). An endometrial thickness of 8 mm showed optimal sensitivity and specificity (83.9% and 58.8%, respectively) and 90.4% negative predictive value (NPV) for an abnormal endometrium. When submucous myoma was excluded, the sensitivity, specificity, and NPV were 80%, 53.8%, and 89.6%, respectively.Conclusion:  Endometrial thickness of 8 mm or less is less likely to be associated with malignant pathologies in premenopausal uterine bleeding.
Severe leg compartment syndrome associated with dorsal lithotomy position during radical hysterectomy
Authors: Yanazume Shintaro , Yanazume Yumi , Iwamoto Ichiro , Tsuji Takahiro , Yoshinaga Mitsuhiro , Douchi Tsutomu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe encountered a female patient with left‐leg compartment syndrome; a devastating complication, probably associated with prolonged dorsal lithotomy position during radical hysterectomy using intermittent pneumatic compression. This patient was intensively treated and fortunately recovered. However, leg compartment syndrome is poorly understood by gynecologists. We must always consider the potential risk of this life‐threatening complication when patients are placed in the dorsal lithotomy position for a prolonged period during extended surgery using intermittent external compression.