bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Protein-Energy Synchronization Index-Based Ration: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Syamsi Afduha Nurus , Ifani Merryafinola 
Published: March 2024

The study examined the effect of protein-energy synchronization (PES) index-based rations on the rumen fermentation profile. The material used was the Jawa Randu goat's rumen fluid, collected soon after the goat was slaughtered. The treatment ration consisted of elephant grass, lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), coconut meal, tofu waste, bran, cassava waste, and mineral mix arranged based on the PES index of each feed ingredient. The research was conducted in vitro using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment consisted of 4 PES indexes, namely 0.55 (R1); 0.6 (R2); 0.65 (R3); 0.7 (R4), and each had 5 replications. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and orthogonal polynomials (OP). The results of the ANOVA showed that the PES index did not affect the production of acetate (C2) and butyrate (C4) but had a highly significant effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, a total of volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate (C3), C2:C3 ratio, methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). The analysis of OP showed a quadratic effect on all variables with the equation Y= - 81.601X2 + 375.04X â€“ 310.78Â (DMD), Y= -433.69X2 + 522.69X â€“ 128.75 (OMD), Y=-44X2 + 54.04X â€“ 9.9 (pH), Y= -2160X2 + 2576.8X â€“ 604.2 (VFA Total), Y= -481.8X2 + 585.01X â€“ 143.45 (C3), Y = 50.93X2 â€“ 60.177X + 21.067 (C2:C3), Y = 202.45X2 â€“ 223.18X + 103.41 (CH4), Y= 436X2 â€“ 552.28X + 181.08 (NH3), dan Y= -1012X2 + 1260X â€“ 311.64 (MPS). Protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of 0.6 achieved the best rumen fermentability. The formulation of the PES index-based ration of 0.6 had the most effective compared to other indexes based on the high of propionate, the lowest methane, the lowest NH3, and the best microbial protein synthesis. The ration with an index of 0.6 is composed of 30% elephant grass, 30% Leucaena leucocephala, 10% coconut meal, 10% tofu waste, 10% rice brand, 9% cassava waste, and 1% mineral mix.
Meat Quality Characteristics of IPB-D1 Chicken and the Final Stock from Different Locations
Authors: Adelta Kresna Bhayu , Arief Irma Isnafia , Sumantri Cece , Wulandari Zakiah 
Published: March 2024

The increasing demand for animal protein encourages innovations development of new livestock types or breeds.Â IPB-D1 chicken is an improved local chicken for their productivity.Â Its rearing was carried out in Sukabumi and Bekasi Regency.Â Physical, chemical, and microbiological quality testing of IPB-D1 chicken meat was carried out at the Integrated IPTP Laboratory and the Microbiology Laboratory of Livestock Products, and organoleptic testing was carried out in the Organoleptic Room, both of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University.Â The research was carried out from February to June 2022.Â The scope of this research includes chicken rearing at two locations and sampling that aims to test the physical, chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic quality.Â The chickens tested were the IPB-D1 Sukabumi chicken, IPB-D1 Bekasi chicken, IPB-D1 final stock Sukabumi chicken, IPB-D1 Bekasi final stock chicken, and Kampong, Sentul, and broiler chickens, which consist of 15 chickens each.Â At each location, sampling was carried out 10 times as a replication.Â The sampling technique used is simple random sampling.Â The results showed that the quality of IPB-D1 chicken meat and its Final Stock did not have a significant difference (P0.05) in physical quality aspects such as pH and water holding capacity (WHC) but had a significant difference (P0.05) in cooking loss and tenderness than Kampong, Sentul, and broilers.Â Meanwhile, the chemical quality of IPB-D1 broilers and their final stock showed significantly different results (P0.05) in the fat content of the meat.Â As for the parameters of ash content, protein, minerals, and cholesterol showed no significant difference (P0.05).Â Microbiological quality analysis in the form of total bacterial colonies (total plate count) of IPB-D1 broilers and its Final Stock was 105 CFU/g.Â These results are still within the Maximum Microbial Contamination Limits set by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency in 2009.Â Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to improve handling methods, hygienic packaging, and sanitation so that the quality of broilers can be improved and microbial contamination can be minimized.
Effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis‐associated genes in low‐ and high‐water efficient chicken lines
Authors: Aloui Loujain , Greene Elizabeth S. , Tabler Travis , Lassiter Kentu , Thompson Kevin , Bottje Walter G. , Orlowski Sara , Dridi Sami 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith climate change, selection for water efficiency and heat resilience are vitally important. We undertook this study to determine the effect of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis‐associated markers in high (HWE)‐ and low (LWE)‐water efficient chicken lines. HS significantly elevated core body temperatures of both lines. However, the amplitude was higher by 0.5–1°C in HWE compared to their LWE counterparts. HWE line drank significantly less water than LWE during both thermoneutral (TN) and HS conditions, and HS increased water intake in both lines with pronounced magnitude in LWE birds. HWE had better feed conversion ratio (FCR), water conversion ratio (WCR), and water to feed intake ratio. At the molecular level, the overall hypothalamic expression of aquaporins (AQP8 and AQP12), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its related receptor AVP2R, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and calbindin 2 (CALB2) were significantly lower; however, CALB1 mRNA and AQP2 protein levels were higher in HWE compared to LWE line. Compared to TN conditions, HS exposure significantly increased mRNA abundances of AQPs (8, 12), AVPR1a, natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE), CALB1 and 2, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4) as well as the protein levels of AQP2, however it decreased that of AQP4 gene expression. A significant line by environment interaction was observed in several hypothalamic genes. Heat stress significantly upregulated AQP2 and SCT at mRNA levels and AQP1 and AQP3 at both mRNA and protein levels, but it downregulated that of AQP4 protein only in LWE birds. In HWE broilers, however, HS upregulated the hypothalamic expression of renin (REN) and AVPR1b genes and AQP5 proteins, but it downregulated that of AQP3 protein. The hypothalamic expression of AQP (5, 7, 10, and 11) genes was increased by HS in both chicken lines. In summary, this is the first report showing improvement of growth performances in HWE birds. The hypothalamic expression of several genes was affected in a line‐ and/or environment‐dependent manner, revealing potential molecular signatures for water efficiency and/or heat tolerance in chickens.
Liouville theorems of solutions to mixed order Hénon-Hardy type system with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Dai Wei , Peng Shaolong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the Hénon-Hardy type systems with exponential nonlinearity on a half space

R

+

2

${\mathbb{R}}_{+}^{2}$

:

(

−
Δ

)

α

2

u

(

x

)

=
|
x

|

a

u

p

1

(

x

)

e

q

1

v

(

x

)

,

x
∈

R

+

2

,

(

−
Δ

)

v

(

x

)

=
|
x

|

b

u

p

2

(

x

)

e

q

2

v

(

x

)

,

x
∈

R

+

2

,

$\begin{cases}{\left(-{\Delta}\right)}^{\frac{\alpha }{2}}u\left(x\right)=\vert x{\vert }^{a}{u}^{{p}_{1}}\left(x\right){e}^{{q}_{1}v\left(x\right)}, x\in {\mathbb{R}}_{+}^{2},\quad \hfill \\ \left(-{\Delta}\right)v\left(x\right)=\vert x{\vert }^{b}{u}^{{p}_{2}}\left(x\right){e}^{{q}_{2}v\left(x\right)}, x\in {\mathbb{R}}_{+}^{2},\quad \hfill \end{cases}$

with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where 0 < α < 2 and p
1, p
2, q
1, q
2 > 0. First, we derived the integral representation formula corresponding to the above system under the assumption

p

1

≥
−

2
a

α

−
1

${p}_{1}\ge -\frac{2a}{\alpha }-1$

. Then, we prove Liouville theorem for solutions to the above system via the method of scaling spheres.
Geometry of branched minimal surfaces of finite index
Authors: Meeks William H. , Pérez Joaquín 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Given

I
,
B
∈
N
∪

{

0

}

$I,B\in \mathbb{N}\cup \left\{0\right\}$

, we investigate the existence and geometry of complete finitely branched minimal surfaces M in

R

3

${\mathbb{R}}^{3}$

with Morse index at most I and total branching order at most B. Previous works of Fischer-Colbrie (“On complete minimal surfaces with finite Morse index in 3-manifolds,” Invent. Math., vol. 82, pp. 121–132, 1985) and Ros (“One-sided complete stable minimal surfaces,” J. Differ. Geom., vol. 74, pp. 69–92, 2006) explain that such surfaces are precisely the complete minimal surfaces in

R

3

${\mathbb{R}}^{3}$

of finite total curvature and finite total branching order. Among other things, we derive scale-invariant weak chord-arc type results for such an M with estimates that are given in terms of I and B. In order to obtain some of our main results for these special surfaces, we obtain general intrinsic monotonicity of area formulas for m-dimensional submanifolds Σ of an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold X, where these area estimates depend on the geometry of X and upper bounds on the lengths of the mean curvature vectors of Σ. We also describe a family of complete, finitely branched minimal surfaces in

R

3

${\mathbb{R}}^{3}$

that are stable and non-orientable; these examples generalize the classical Henneberg minimal surface.
A systematic review of symbiotic organisms search algorithm for data clustering and predictive analysis
Authors: AL-Gburi Abbas Fadhil Jasim , Nazri Mohd Zakree Ahmad , Yaakub Mohd Ridzwan Bin , Alyasseri Zaid Abdi Alkareem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the field of data analytics has witnessed a surge in innovative techniques to handle the ever-increasing volume and complexity of data. Among these, nature-inspired algorithms have gained significant attention due to their ability to efficiently mimic natural processes and solve intricate problems. One such algorithm, the symbiotic organisms search (SOS) Algorithm, has emerged as a promising approach for clustering and predictive analytics tasks, drawing inspiration from the symbiotic relationships observed in biological ecosystems. Metaheuristics such as the SOS have been frequently employed in clustering to discover suitable solutions for complicated issues. Despite the numerous research works on clustering and SOS-based predictive techniques, there have been minimal secondary investigations in the field. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by performing a systematic literature review (SLR) on SOS-based clustering models focusing on various aspects, including the adopted clustering approach, feature selection approach, and hybridized algorithms combining K-means algorithm with different SOS algorithms. This review aims to guide researchers to better understand the issues and challenges in this area. The study assesses the unique articles published in journals and conferences over the last ten years (2014–2023). After the abstract and full-text eligibility analysis, a limited number of articles were considered for this SLR. The findings show that various SOS methods were adapted as clustering and feature selection methods in which CSOS, discrete SOS, and multiagent SOS are mostly used for the clustering applications, and binary SOS, binary SOS with S-shaped transfer functions, and BSOSVT are used for feature selection problems. The findings also revealed that, of all the selected studies for this review, only a few studies specifically focused on hybridizing SOS with K-means algorithm for automatic data clustering application. Finally, the study analyzes the study gaps and the research prospects for SOS-based clustering methods.
A spatial model to understand tuberculosis granuloma formation and its impact on disease progression
Authors: Feng Peng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). When Mtb enters inside the pulmonary alveolus, it is phagocytosed by the alveolar macrophages, followed by a cascade of immune responses. This leads to the recruitment and accumulation of additional macrophages and T cells in the pulmonary tissues. A key outcome of this is the formation of granuloma, the hallmark of TB infection. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of the evolution of granuloma by a system of partial differential equations that is based on the classical Keller–Segel chemotaxis equation. We investigate the effect of different parameters on the formation of granuloma. We present numerical simulation results that illustrate the impact of different parameters. The implication of our result on the disease progression is also discussed.
A mathematical model to study herbal and modern treatments against COVID-19
Authors: Ouemba Tassé Arsène Jaurès , Tsanou Berge , Kwa Kum Cletus , Lubuma Jean 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a two-group deterministic COVID-19 model which takes into account educational campaigns and the fact that people infected with COVID-19 may choose either modern (allopathic) medicine, traditional medicine or may combine the two modes of treatment. The model is analysed in the case where modern medicine is the only mode of treatment and when traditional medicine is taken as an adjuvant (or another mode of treatment). We prove in the first case that the model has a disease-free equilibrium (DFE), globally asymptotically stable when the control reproduction number is less than one and whenever it is greater than one, we prove the local asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium. In the second case, we prove that, misconceptions in the population lead to a backward bifurcation phenomenon, which makes the control of the disease more difficult. We derive using the Lyapunov method that a threshold

T

$\mathcal{T}$

ensures the global asymptotic stability of DFE in some cases when its value is less than one. Both models are fitted using daily COVID-19 cumulative cases reported from January to February 2022 in South Africa. We found a control reproduction number less than one, meaning that COVID-19 will be eliminated. Comparison of the two models fits highlights that misconceptions should be taken into account to accurately describe the dynamics of COVID-19 in South Africa. Numerically, we prove that educational campaigns should focus on preventive measures and both traditional and allopathic medicine health care systems should complement each other in the fight against COVID-19.
Investigating the connection among thyroid function, sensitivity to thyroid hormones, and metabolic syndrome in euthyroid children and adolescents affected by type 1 diabetes
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Mameli Chiara , Macedoni Maddalena , De Silvestri Annalisa , Sgambetterra Laura , Nosenzo Federico , Redaelli Francesca Chiara , Petitti Agnese , Bosetti Alessandra , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A connection between thyroid hormones (THs) and diverse metabolic pathways has been reported. We evaluated thyroid function and tissue sensitivity to THs in children and adolescents with T1D in comparison to euthyroid controls. Additionally, we investigate whether a relationship exists between sensitivity indices and metabolic parameters.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 pediatric patients diagnosed with T1D. Clinical parameters, TSH, FT3, FT4, and the presence of MS were documented. Additionally, indices of peripheral sensitivity (FT3/FT4 ratio) and central sensitivity (TSH index, TSHI; TSH T4 resistance index, TT4RI; TSH T3 resistance index, TT3RI) were assessed. Thirty healthy subjects were considered as controls.

Results
The overall prevalence of MS was 7.27 %, with MS identified in 8 out of 80 (10 %) T1D subjects; none of the controls manifested MS (p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in indexes of tissue sensitivity to THs between subjects with or without MS (all p>0.05). Correlations between THs and indexes of THs tissue sensitivity and metabolic parameters in controls and T1D patients were noted.

Conclusions
This study affirms a heightened prevalence of MS in children with T1D compared to controls and underscores the potential role of THs in maintaining metabolic equilibrium.
Weighted Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities without any symmetry condition on the weight function
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We establish weighted Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities for some classes of differentiable functions without assuming any symmetry property on the weight function. Next, we apply our obtained results to the approximation of some classes of weighted integrals.
The product of a quartic and a sextic number cannot be octic
Authors: Dubickas Artūras , Maciulevičius Lukas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we prove that the product of two algebraic numbers of degrees 4 and 6 over

Q

{\mathbb{Q}}

cannot be of degree 8. This completes the classification of so-called product-feasible triplets

(

a
,
b
,
c

)

∈

N

3

\left(a,b,c)\in {{\mathbb{N}}}^{3}

with

a
≤
b
≤
c

a\le b\le c

and

b
≤
7

b\le 7

. The triplet

(

a
,
b
,
c

)

\left(a,b,c)

is called product-feasible if there are algebraic numbers

α
,
β

\alpha ,\beta

, and

γ

\gamma

of degrees

a
,
b

a,b

, and

c

c

over

Q

{\mathbb{Q}}

, respectively, such that

α
β
=
γ

\alpha \beta =\gamma

. In the proof, we use a proposition that describes all monic quartic irreducible polynomials in

Q

[

x

]

{\mathbb{Q}}\left[x]

with four roots of equal moduli and is of independent interest. We also prove a more general statement, which asserts that for any integers

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

and

k
≥
1

k\ge 1

, the triplet

(

a
,
b
,
c

)

=

(

n
,

(

n
−
1

)

k
,
n
k

)

\left(a,b,c)=\left(n,\left(n-1)k,nk)

is product-feasible if and only if

n

n

is a prime number. The choice

(

n
,
k

)

=

(

4
,
2

)

\left(n,k)=\left(4,2)

recovers the case

(

a
,
b
,
c

)

=

(

4
,
6
,
8

)

\left(a,b,c)=\left(4,6,8)

as well.
Antibacterial effect of novel dental resin composites containing rod-like zinc oxide
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Liu Ruihua , Ma Xinru , Xie Yushi , Xu Xiaoling , Du Qin , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dental resin composite materials are widely used as dental fillings; however, the accumulation of microbes and the resulting secondary caries often leads to filling failure. ZnO, an inorganic antibacterial material, exhibits effective antibacterial properties and is considered safe for use. In this study, rod-like ZnO was prepared by using the atmospheric-pressure hydrothermal method, and its microstructure and antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans were studied. Subsequently, we created modified resins by incorporating rod-like ZnO at varying mass fractions and analyzed their morphological characteristics and elemental distributions. The antibacterial effectiveness, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of these materials were examined using in vitro experiments. The results indicated that the rod-like ZnO exhibited a complete hexagonal wurtzite structure, with columnar dimensions of approximately 2.5 μm in length, 0.8 μm in diameter, and a lattice spacing of 0.2544 nm. The growth, biofilm formation, and biofilm destruction of S. mutans were significantly inhibited at 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 1 times the minimum inhibitory concentration. The rod-like modified resin, with mass fractions of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt%, exhibited evident inhibitory effects on S. mutans biofilm formation. These modified resins demonstrated no cytotoxicity toward HGF-1 cells and exhibited enhanced compressive strength. Therefore, rod-like ZnO modified resin has promising potential for the treatment of dental caries.
Japanese politeness revisited: from the perspective of attentiveness on Twitter
Authors: Fukushima Saeko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Previous research has shown that attentiveness (kikubari) is a significant aspect of politeness in Japanese. The aim of this paper is to expand on earlier research on attentiveness by using Twitter data and examine how Japanese lay people understand and/or evaluate attentiveness and how attentiveness manifests politeness. The data for this study were 600 Japanese tweets which contain attentiveness. They were coded based on analysis of the content and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that Japanese lay people evaluate attentiveness positively and that they think attentiveness is important in most cases. These results reflect a commonly held belief in Japanese culture, namely that attentiveness is a virtue. In some posts, the demonstrators of attentiveness appeared to infer the needs of the potential recipients and made pre-emptive offers, as they had known the situations of the potential recipients. Attentiveness in such posts coincides with the definition of attentiveness in previous research. In some other posts, attentiveness is used in the sense of consideration, which was included in the conceptualisation of politeness in Japanese. These results confirmed earlier findings and further our understanding of them through concrete examples from Twitter.