bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and enzymatic transacylation of amide‐linked FA of buttermilk gangliosides
Authors: Beermann Christopher , Röhrig Anne‐Katrin , Boehm Günther 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe goal of this work was to alter the composition of amide‐linked FA of bovine buttermilk gangliosides, particularly the disialoganglioside GD3, to adjust lipid sources to special food specifications and pharamacological or cosmetic applications. The chemical transacylation of amide‐linked FA of buttermilk gangliosides with free arachidic acid (20∶0) by a combination of basic hydrolysis and diethylphosphorylcyanide/triethylamine‐catalyzed reacylation was compared to an enzymatic sphingolipid ceramide N‐deacylase (EC 3.5.1.23)‐catalyzed FA exchange by GC analysis and nano electrospray ionization‐MS. The buttermilk predominantly contained the disialoganlioside GD3 and the monosialoganglioside GM3. The heterogeneity of FA that are incorporated into gangliosides, mainly palmitic acid (29.4 wt%), stearic acid (16.9 wt%), oleic acid (17.8 wt%), and myristic acid (8.5 wt%), was effectively altered by both transes‐terification techniques. Arachidic acid, which was not integrated into the initial buttermilk gangliosides, was transacylated to total gangliosides with 23.2 wt% (GD3, 6.7 wt%) by the chemical process and with 8.7 wt% (GD3, 13.8 wt%) when catalyzed enzymatically. Mainly behenic acid and lignoceric acid of GD3 were exchanged chemically, and stearic acid was exchanged by the enzymatic process. This observation might depend on hydrolytic sensitivities of amide‐linked very long chain saturated FA or specific enzyme subtrate affinities, respectively. Results of chemical hydrolysis indicated there was a risk of sialic acid decomposition and unspecific degradations. Regarding specificity and avoidance of critical agents, the enzymatic transesterification is recommended for industrial‐scale production of consumer goods.
Unusual minor nonmethylene‐interrupted di‐, tri‐, and tetraenoic fatty acids in limpet gonads
Authors: Kawashima Hideki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnusual minor nonmethylene‐interrupted (NMI) FA have been identified in the lipids of gonads from the limpets Cellana grata and Collisella dorsuosa by using GC‐MS of the combination of their 4,4‐dimethyloxazoline derivatives and picolinyl esters. Among 23 NMI unsaturated FA from C18 to C22 and C24 identified in this study, 5,11‐nonadecadienoic (5,11‐19∶2), 7,16‐heneicosadienoic (7,16–21∶2), 9,15‐tetracosadienoic (9,15–24∶2), 5,9,15‐docosatrienoic (5,9,15–22∶3), and 5,9,15‐tetracosatrienoic (5,9,15–24∶3) acids may not have been reported previously from living organisms. The presence of 5,11,14,17‐eicosatetraenonoic (5,11,14,17–20∶4) and 7,13,16,19‐docosatetraenenoic (7,13,16,19–22∶4) acids as FA components in marine mollusks may be reported here for the first time. In this study, the male and female gonads of both species showed distinct differences in both their composition and proportions of NMI FA. Most NMI FA identified were mainly present in the female gonads of both species, especially in TAG that contained 21 NMI FA.
Gas chromatography‐chemical ionization‐mass spectrometric fatty acid analysis of a commercial supercritical carbon dioxide lipid extract from New Zealand green‐lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus)
Authors: Wolyniak Christopher J. , Brenna J. Thomas , Murphy Karen J. , Sinclair Andrew J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSupercritical fluid extracts of New Zealand green‐lipped mussels (NZGLM) have been suggested to have therapeutic properties related to their oil components. The large number of minor FA in NZGLM extract was characterized by a GC‐CIMS/MS method that excels at identification of double‐bond positions in FAME. The extract contained five major lipid classes: sterol esters, TAG, FFA, sterols, and polar lipids. The total FA content of the lipid extract was 0.664 g/mL. Fifty‐three unsaturated FA (UFA) were fully identified, of which 37 were PUFA, and a further 21 UFA were detected for which concentrations were too low for assignment of double‐bond positions. There were 17 saturated FA, with 14∶0, 16∶0, and 18∶0 present in the greatest concentration. The 10 n−3 PUFA detected included 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3, the two main n−3 FA; n−3 PUFA at low concentrations were 18∶3, 18∶4, 20∶3, 20∶4, 21∶5, 22∶5, 24∶6, and 28∶8. There were 43 UFA from the n−4, n−5, n−6, n−7, n−8, n−9, n−10, n−11 families, with 16∶2n−4, 16∶1n−5, 18∶1n−5, 18∶2n−6, 20∶4n−6, 16∶1n−7, 20∶1n−7, 16∶1n−9, 18∶1n−9, and 20∶1n−9 being the most abundant. In general, we estimated that FAME concentrations greater than 0.05% (w/w) were sufficient to assign double‐bond positions. In total, 91 FA were detected in an extract of the NZGLM, whereas previous studies of fresh flesh from the NZGLM had reported identification of 42 FA. These data demonstrate a remarkable diversity of NZGLM FA.
Establishment and characterization of new mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines derived from double transgenic mice expressing GFP and neu oncogene
Authors: Sacco M.G. , Faggioli F. , Soldati S. , Gribaldo L. , Collotta A. , Pariselli F. , Malerba I. , Musio A. , Montagna C. , Catò E. Mira , Vezzoni P. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.  A new murine cell line, named GFPneu, was established from a mammary adenocarcinoma arising in double transgenic MMTVneu × CMV‐GFP mice. Breast tumours develop in 100% of females after 2 months latency, as a result of the over‐expression of the activated rat neu oncogene in the mammary glands. All tissues, and in particular the breast tumours, express the GFP protein. This cell line was tumorigenic when inoculated into nude mice and the derived tumours showed the same histological features as the primaries from which they were isolated. Their histopathology reproduces many characteristics of human breast adenocarcinomas, in particular their ability to metastasize. The GFP marker allows us to visualize the presence of lung metastases in fresh tissues immediately, to confirm the histopathology. From a lung metastatic fluorescent nodule, we derived a further cell line, named MTP‐GFP, which we also characterized. These two cell lines could be useful to study the role played by the neu oncogene in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype, in the metastatic process, to test novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit primary tumour growth and to observe the generation of distant metastases.
Cell transplantation with a catheter‐based approach: an efficient method for the treatment of heart failure with multiple lesions
Authors: Chen M. , Fan Z.‐C. , Liu X.‐J. , Deng J.‐L. , Yang Q. , Huang D.‐J. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.  Cell transplantation is emerging as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure. At present, popular methods of cell delivery may not be efficient in perfusing cells through the whole myocardium. We have developed a novel catheter‐based method for global transplantation of cells. Heart failure was induced in rabbit by intravenous administration of doxorubicin. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells were transplanted into failing hearts via the root of the aorta. Bilateral sinus aortae and coronary arteries were visualized by angiography during the cell transplantation procedure; there was no intraprocedural death. Four weeks after cell transplantation, there was an improvement in the mean left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline 72.13% to 81.54% (P = 0.034). Transplanted cells were observed throughout the cardiac layers of left and right ventricles. In conclusion, cell transplantation through the root of the aorta is a useful approach to globally supply cells into the heart.
Percutaneous coronary intervention increases leptin and decreases adiponectin levels
Authors: Azar Rabih R. , Sarkis Antoine , Salameh Elie , Gannagé‐Yared Marie‐Hélène , Amm‐Azar Mireille , Badaoui Georges , Germanos Mirna , Kassab Roland 
Published: November 2006

SummaryObjective  The study was designed to examine the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on adiponectin and leptin levels. We have previously demonstrated that PCI triggers a systemic inflammatory response. We hypothesized that inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome by modulating levels of adiponectin and leptin.Design  Prospective study in which inflammation was induced by PCI.Patients  Forty‐eight patients with stable coronary artery disease and without diabetes mellitus.Measurements  High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), leptin and adiponectin were measured at baseline and 48 h after the procedure.Results  Following PCI, hs‐CRP increased by 211%, IL‐6 by 87% and leptin by 19%, while adiponectin decreased by 14% (P < 0·001 for all). The change in IL‐6 correlated with that in hs‐CRP (rho = 0·32; P = 0·027), as did the changes in IL‐6 and leptin (rho = 0·31; P = 0·03). The change in adiponectin, however, did not correlate with the change in any of the other markers.Conclusion  This study demonstrates that PCI affects the levels of adiponectin and leptin within 48 h. These effects may be secondary to the inflammatory response triggered by PCI.
Increased plasma concentrations of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Almqvist Erik G. , Becker Charlotte , Bondeson Anne‐Greth , Bondeson Lennart , Svensson Johan , Svensson Sven‐Eric 
Published: November 2006

SummaryObjective  Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with heart disease. The aims of the present study were to evaluate how cardiac function and secretion of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) correlate in patients with mild PHPT, and how the plasma level of NT‐proBNP is influenced by cure of the parathyroid disease.Design and patients  Forty‐two patients with PHPT without symptoms of heart disease were examined before and 1 year after curative parathyroidectomy.Measurements  Plasma or serum concentrations of NT‐proBNP, calcium, PTH, creatinine, oestradiol, testosterone and SHBG were measured. Cardiac function was evaluated by equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA).Results  At baseline, NT‐proBNP levels correlated negatively with systolic function [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), P < 0·001]. Twelve per cent of the patients had NT‐proBNP levels above normal reference values preoperatively. One year postoperatively, the corresponding proportion was 21%. The mean plasma concentration of NT‐proBNP increased after parathyroidectomy (P < 0·01) in parallel with a dip in diastolic function (peak filling rate, P < 0·05) and a falling trend in systolic function (LVEF, P = 0·08). The postoperative percentage changes in circulating NT‐proBNP and total oestradiol correlated positively (P < 0·05).Conclusions  Patients with mild PHPT and normal renal function may have high levels of circulating NT‐proBNP despite the absence of symptomatic heart disease. Cure of the parathyroid disease is followed by a further increase in NT‐proBNP secretion in parallel with ERNA measures, indicating subclinical changes in heart function. These results are in line with data indicating an association between PHPT and increased risk of premature death.
The use of vascular biomarkers and imaging studies in the early clinical development of anti‐tumour agents targeting angiogenesis
Authors: DREVS J. , SCHNEIDER V. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Recent findings about the pathomechanisms of tumour angiogenesis have led to new therapeutic options in the treatment of malignant tumours. During the development of anti‐angiogenic drugs, reporting ranged from healing cancer to completely ineffective drugs. In 2003 the first anti‐angiogenic drug was approved. Several anti‐angiogenic drugs are still in the clinical phase of development. In contrast to identifying the maximal tolerable dose, determination of the optimal biological dose – reaching biological activity at lower doses –has become the main target in the early development of anti‐angiogenic agents. This has been evaluated by different biomarker techniques. As a new standard in anti‐tumour treatment, a better understanding of imaging in the treatment monitoring for anti‐angiogenic agents is important. Studies of tumour angiogenesis by tissue sampling rely on invasive procedures, adequate sampling and painstaking estimation of histological microvessel density. Attempts to develop wound healing assays to correlate angiogenesis in wounds with angiogenesis in tumour have been made but are still considered invasive and correlation of healthy with malignant tissue is still of limited validity. Several soluble markers of tumour angiogenesis were detected in various malignant diseases and were evaluated for assessing their use as surrogate markers in tumour angiogenesis. Further, soluble markers were investigated for visualizing them as imaging tools. Combining both, new soluble markers and imaging techniques, developing anticancer drugs and monitoring of therapy success becomes a dynamic process in which finally the patients’ individual response can be achieved soon. Time‐consuming delays for anatomically based restaging procedures can be avoided. Characterization of soluble biomarkers as well as different imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography combined with or without CT are reviewed in this manuscript.
Genetic connectivity in the Florida reef system: comparative phylogeography of commensal invertebrates with contrasting reproductive strategies
Authors: RICHARDS VINCENT P. , THOMAS JAMES D. , STANHOPE MICHAEL J. , SHIVJI MAHMOOD S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEffective spatial management of coral reefs including design of marine protected areas requires an understanding of interpopulation genetic connectivity. We assessed gene flow along 355 km of the Florida reef system and between Florida and Belize in three commensal invertebrates occupying the same host sponge (Callyspongia vaginalis) but displaying contrasting reproductive dispersal strategies: the broadcast‐spawning brittle star Ophiothrix lineata and two brooding amphipods Leucothoe kensleyi and Leucothoe ashleyae. Multiple analytical approaches to sequence variation in the mitochondrial COI gene demonstrated a high degree of overall connectivity for all three species along the Florida reef system. Ophiothrix lineata showed significant genetic structuring between Florida and Belize, and a pattern of isolation by distance but no significant genetic structuring along the Florida coastline. Bayesian estimates of migration detected a strong southerly dispersal bias for O. lineata along the Florida reef system, contrary to the general assumption of northerly gene flow in this region based on the direction of the Florida Current. Both amphipods, despite direct development, also showed high gene flow along the Florida reef system. Multiple inferences of long‐distance dispersal from a nested clade analysis support the hypothesis that amphipod transport, possibly in detached sponge fragments, could generate the high levels of overall gene flow observed. However, this transport mechanism appears much less effective across deep water as connectivity between Florida and Belize (1072 km) is highly restricted.
Phylogeographic concordance in the southeastern United States: the flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum, as a test case
Authors: PAULY GREGORY B. , PISKUREK OLIVER , SHAFFER H. BRADLEY 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWell‐supported, congruent phylogeographic and biogeographic patterns permit the development of a priori phylogeographic and distributional predictions. In the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, the common discovery of east–west disjunctions (phylogeographic breaks and species’ distributional boundaries) suggests that similar disjunctions should occur in codistributed taxa. Despite the near ubiquity of these disjunctions, the most recent morphological analyses of the flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum, indicate that none occur in this low‐vagility, Coastal Plain endemic. We conducted molecular and morphological analyses to test whether the flatwoods salamander is an exception to this common biogeographic pattern. Assessing geographic variation in this species is also an important management tool for this threatened, declining amphibian. We demonstrate that flatwoods salamanders, as predicted by comparisons to codistributed taxa, are polytypic with a major disjunction at the Apalachicola River. This drainage is a common site for east–west phylogeographic breaks, probably because repeated marine embayments during the Pliocene and Pleistocene interglacials generated barriers to gene flow. Based on mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes, we recognize two species of flatwoods salamanders — Ambystoma cingulatum to the east of the Apalachicola drainage and Ambystoma bishopi to the west. Given this increased diversity, the conservation status of these two taxa may warrant re‐evaluation. More generally, these results emphasize that in the absence of taxon‐specific data, established comparative patterns can provide strong expectations for designing management units for unstudied species of conservation concern.
The Ascendancy of Employment Arbitrators in US Employment Relations: A New Actor in the American System?
Authors: Seeber Ronald L. , Lipsky David B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we survey the underpinnings of the trend towards employment arbitration in the United States, and its implications for the broader industrial relations system. Specifically, we address the question of whether or not employment arbitrators have been substituted for collective bargaining by the government to an extent that warrants their inclusion as an actor in the industrial relations system. We review developments in workplace dispute resolution in the United States, the literature that attempts to explain these developments and posit an assessment of the stability of employment arbitration, and employment arbitrators, as a central feature of the US industrial relations system.
Characteristics of α‐glycerophosphate‐evoked H2O2 generation in brain mitochondria
Authors: Tretter Laszlo , Takacs Katalin , Hegedus Vera , Adam‐Vizi Vera 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCharacteristics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in isolated guinea‐pig brain mitochondria respiring on α‐glycerophosphate (α‐GP) were investigated and compared with those supported by succinate. Mitochondria established a membrane potential (ΔΨm) and released H2O2 in parallel with an increase in NAD(P)H fluorescence in the presence of α‐GP (5–40 mm). H2O2 formation and the increase in NAD(P)H level were inhibited by rotenone, ADP or FCCP, respectively, being consistent with a reverse electron transfer (RET). The residual H2O2 formation in the presence of FCCP was stimulated by myxothiazol in mitochondria supported by α‐GP, but not by succinate. ROS under these conditions are most likely to be derived from α‐GP‐dehydrogenase. In addition, huge ROS formation could be provoked by antimycin in α‐GP‐supported mitochondria, which was prevented by myxothiazol, pointing to the generation of ROS at the quinol‐oxidizing center (Qo) site of complex III. FCCP further stimulated the production of ROS to the highest rate that we observed in this study. We suggest that the metabolism of α‐GP leads to ROS generation primarily by complex I in RET, and in addition a significant ROS formation could be ascribed to α‐GP‐dehydrogenase in mammalian brain mitochondria. ROS generation by α‐GP at complex III is evident only when this complex is inhibited by antimycin.
Discrimination that Travels: How Ethnicity Affects Party Identification for Southeast Asian Immigrants*
Authors: See Lim P. , Barry‐Goodman Colleen , Branham David 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. The critical importance of party identification as a determinant of vote choice is well documented. Given the increasing diversity of the population in the United States, it is critical that we understand the process of socialization into the political system for immigrant groups. It is especially important that we should be able to distinguish differences in socialization within a group.Methods. Using a framework developed by Cain, Kiewiet, and Uhlaner (1991), we use newly available data to test their assertions about the development of party identification in Asian‐American immigrants.Results. Looking at a sample of foreign‐born Asian Americans, we find that critical differences can exist within groups.Conclusions. The differences within groups have an important effect on the development of party identification for those immigrants.
Association screen for atopic dermatitis candidate gene regions using microsatellite markers in pooled DNA samples
Authors: Hoffjan S. , Parwez Q. , Petrasch‐Parwez E. , Falkenstein D. , Nothnagel M. , Epplen J. T. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 16% of children in developed countries. A complex genetic background for AD has been suggested, with genetic as well as environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility. Among other factors, dysregulation in both the innate and the adaptive immune system has been proposed to play a role in AD pathophysiology. We present here an extended association screen for AD using microsatellite markers in 154 genes related to innate and adaptive immunity in pooled DNA samples from 150 German children with AD and 100 controls. After Bonferroni correction, no marker revealed a significant association with AD. Yet, markers representing the nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB)1 and chemokine receptor (CCR)4 genes showed differences in allelic distributions between cases and controls for both pooled DNA analysis and individual genotyping and were thus further investigated. Evaluation of additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the NFKB1 and CCR4 genes revealed no association of individual SNPs with AD. In contrast, haplotype analyses showed a significantly different haplotype distribution between patients and controls for CCR4 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, when SNP–SNP interaction effects were analysed for these two genes, we found significant evidence for epistatic interactions between SNPs within each of the two genes but no evidence for a gene–gene interaction, suggesting that variation in or near both the CCR4 and the NFKB1 genes might individually contribute to AD pathogenesis.