bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of structure‐thermal cycloimidization relationship of novel poly(amide amic acid)s to poly(amide imide)s by thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Mohan D. J. , Reddy A. V. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNovel diamic acids (DAAs) and poly(amide amic acid)s (PAAs) were prepared and their thermal cycloimidization to the corresponding imide form was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under isothermal conditions at four different temperatures, that is, at 175, 200, 225, and 260 °C for 75 min. A general equation, 18NW/RMW, where, the numerical 18 corresponds to the molecular weight of water, N is the number of water molecules, which would be eliminated per repeat unit of the PAA upon cycloimidization, W is the weight of PAA taken for TGA, and R is the molecular weight of the repeat unit of PAA, has been derived for the calculation of theoretical amount of weight loss of PAA upon complete cycloimidization. The degree of cycloimidization (DCI%) of PAAs to poly(amide imide)s (PAI) has been calculated from their isothermal TGA curves. The variation in DCI on temperature, time, and the structures of diamine and acid chloride, especially, with respect to meta‐ and para‐linkages and the presence of electron withdrawing groups has been discussed. Cycloimidization occurs at faster rate in the initial stages of about 20 min, curing and then proceeds in a gradual manner and reaches almost a plateau within an hour. The DCI was more at higher temperatures, and the final values were 22−60% at 175 °C, 34−78% at 200 °C, 50−96% at 225 °C, and 85−99% at 260 °C after 75 min of heating, depending on the nature of diamine and acid chloride in the PAA. The DCI of PAAs with meta‐linkages in either of diamine or diacid chloride was somewhat lower than those having para‐linkages. The DCI of PAAs containing electron withdrawing group like sulfone in the diamine is somewhat higher compared with those of others. The final DCI (%) values obtained from FT‐IR spectra and isothermal TGA curves were very close to each other. Further, the thermal and thermooxidative stabilities of the PAIs were discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2937–2947, 2007
Aspects of BCS to BEC “Crossover” as illustrated by fulleride superconductivity
Authors: Squire Richard H. , March Norman H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe pioneering works by Eagles, Leggett, and Nozieres/Schmitt‐Rink [Eagles, Phys Rev, 1969, 186, 456; Leggett, In: Modern Trends in the Theory of Condensed Matter, Springer‐Verlag: Berlin, 1980; Nozieres and Schmitt‐Rink, Low Temp Phys, 1985, 59, 980] (reviewed and augmented by Randeria [Randeria, Bose‐Einstein Condensation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, p 255]) emphasize that in the limits of the models studied both at T = 0 and T ≠ 0, the “cross‐over” from a BCS‐type to a BEC‐type superconductor is continuous. The BCS and BEC “end points” seem to be well‐established. However, in the intermediate region—home to fulleride and high temperature superconductors—considerable extrapolation of the models must be done as there still is no exact theory. Yet, considerable current literature is devoted to what appears to be more “singular‐type phenomena” such as quantum critical points, “stripe” formation, insulator to superconductor phase transitions, loss of validity of the Fermi liquid theory, etc. Using a connection we have made with “cold” atom fermion‐boson crossover theory [Chen, Stajic, Levin, 2005, e‐print cond‐mat/0508603], we can establish that the resonance previously discussed [Squire and March, Int J Quant Chem, 2006, 106, 3343] is a result of the crossing of the fermion band by the boson band. While the ground state appears to remain continuous, the paired energy gap becomes transformed. We discuss features of the resonance and the experimentally observed pre‐formed “BEC Cooper pair” formation, essential to the boson‐fermion resonance theory. In addition some of the various singular phenomena discussed above can be put more into perspective. Finally, in both limits the relation of characteristic lengths to the inverse Fermi momentum is strongly emphasized, as is the role of the chemical potential near the pseudogap regime. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Accumulation of dechlorination daughter products: A valid metric of chloroethene biodegradation
Authors: Bradley Paul M. , Chapelle Frank H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn situ reductive dechlorination of perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) generates characteristic chlorinated (cis‐dichloroethene [cis‐DCE] and vinyl chloride [VC]) and nonchlorinated (ethene and ethane) products. The accumulation of these daughter products is commonly used as a metric for ongoing biodegradation at field sites. However, this interpretation assumes that reductive dechlorination is the only chloroethene degradation process of any significance in situ and that the characteristic daughter products of chloroethene reductive dechlorination persist in the environment. Laboratory microcosms, prepared with aquifer and surface‐water sediments from hydrologically diverse sites throughout the United States and amended with [1,2‐14C] TCE, [1,2‐14C] DCE, [1,2‐14C] DCA, or [1,2‐14C] VC, demonstrated widely variable patterns of intermediate and final product accumulation. In predominantly methanogenic sediment treatments, accumulation of 14C‐DCE, 14C‐VC, 14C‐ethene, and 14C‐ethane predominated. Treatments characterized by significant Fe(III) and/or Mn(IV) reduction, on the other hand, demonstrated substantial, and in some cases exclusive, accumulation of 14CO2 and 14CH4. These results suggest that relying on the accumulation of cis‐DCE, VC, ethene, and ethane may substantially underestimate overall chloroethene biodegradation at many sites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a U.S. government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
A deterministic approach to evaluate and implement monitored natural attenuation for chlorinated solvents
Authors: Truex Michael J. , Johnson Christian D. , Spencer James R. , Clement T. Prabhakar , Looney Brian B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA US EPA directive and related technical protocol outline the information needed to determine if monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for chlorinated solvents is a suitable remedy for a site. For some sites, conditions such as complex hydrology or perturbation of the contaminant plume caused by an existing remediation technology (e.g., pump‐and‐treat) make evaluation of MNA using only field data difficult. In these cases, a deterministic approach using reactive transport modeling can provide a technical basis to estimate how the plume will change and whether it can be expected to stabilize in the future and meet remediation goals. This type of approach was applied at the Petro‐Processors Inc. Brooklawn site near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to evaluate and implement MNA. This site consists of a multicomponent nonaqueous‐phase source area creating a dissolved groundwater contamination plume in alluvial material near the Mississippi River. The hydraulic gradient of the groundwater varies seasonally with changes in the river stage. Due to the transient nature of the hydraulic gradient and the impact of a hydraulic containment system operated at the site for six years, direct field measurements could not be used to estimate natural attenuation processes. Reactive transport of contaminants were modeled using the RT3D code to estimate whether MNA has the potential to meet the site‐specific remediation goals and the requirements of the US EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Directive 9200.4‐17P. Modeling results were incorporated into the long‐term monitoring plan as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the MNA remedy. As part of the long‐term monitoring plan, monitoring data will be compared to predictive simulation results to evaluate whether the plume is changing over time as predicted and can be expected to stabilize and meet remediation goals. This deterministic approach was used to support acceptance of MNA as a remedy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significance of blood-tinged post-nasal drip in paranasal sinus disease
Authors: Chao T-K , Liu C-M , Huang W-H 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives:Blood-tinged post-nasal drip is a rare manifestation of paranasal sinus disease. Although the presence of such a symptom would intuitively prompt suspicion of malignancy, no previously published study has addressed this issue.Methods:One hundred and ninety-three patients with paranasal sinus lesions, who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery for treatment or biopsy, were prospectively recruited. Their clinical information was collected and analysed.Results:In patients without blood-tinged post-nasal drip, 177/181 (97.8 per cent) had chronic paranasal sinusitis and fungal sinusitis. However, in patients who presented with this symptom, six of 12 (50 per cent) were diagnosed with other conditions. The difference was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, two tails, p < 0.001). In patients with blood-tinged post-nasal drip, diagnoses other than chronic paranasal sinusitis and fungal sinusitis were found more frequently in older males.Conclusion:The chance of diagnoses other than the usual sinusitis increased significantly in patients with paranasal sinus diseases who presented with blood-tinged post-nasal drip, especially in older males.
On categorical models of classical logic and the Geometry of Interaction
Authors: FÜHRMANN CARSTEN , PYM DAVID 
Published: September 2007

It is well known that weakening and contraction cause naive categorical models of the classical sequent calculus to collapse to Boolean lattices. In previous work, summarised briefly herein, we have provided a class of models calledclassical categoriesthat is sound and complete and avoids this collapse by interpreting cut reduction by a poset enrichment. Examples of classical categories include boolean lattices and the category of sets and relations, where both conjunction and disjunction are modelled by the set-theoretic product. In this article, which is self-contained, we present an improved axiomatisation of classical categories, together with a deep exploration of their structural theory. Observing that the collapse already happens in the absence of negation, we start with negation-free models calledDummett categories. Examples of these include, besides the classical categories mentioned above, the category of sets and relations, where both conjunction and disjunction are modelled by the disjoint union. We prove that Dummett categories are MIX, and that the partial order can be derived from hom-semilattices, which have a straightforward proof-theoretic definition. Moreover, we show that the Geometry-of-Interaction construction can be extended from multiplicative linear logic to classical logic by applying it to obtain a classical category from a Dummett category.Along the way, we gain detailed insights into the changes that proofs undergo during cut elimination in the presence of weakening and contraction.
Review of: Metalloproteinase axes increase β-catenin signaling in primary mouse mammary epithelial cells lacking TIMP3
Authors: Salomon D. S. 
Published: September 2007

Citation of original article:C. V. Hojilla, I. Kim, Z. Kassiri, J. E. Fat, H. Fang, R. Khokha.Journal of Cell Science2007;120(6): 1050–1060.Abstract of the original article:Multiple cancers exhibit mutations in β-catenin that lead to increased stability, altered localization or amplified activity. β-Catenin is situated at the junction between the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and Wnt signaling pathways, and TIMP3 functions to alter β-catenin signaling. Here we demonstrate that primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and mammary epithelial cells (MECs) deficient inTimp3have increased β-catenin signaling. Functionally, the loss of TIMP3 exerted cell-type-specific effects, withTimp3−/−MEFs being more sensitive andTimp3−/−MECs more resistant to EGTA-induced cell detachment than the wild type.Timp3−/−MECs had higher dephosphorylated β-catenin levels and increased β-catenin transcriptional activity as measured by TCF/LEF-responsive reporter assays. Real-time PCR analysis of β-catenin target genes in MEFs and MECs showed no alteration in Myc, decreasedCcnd1(cyclin D1) and increasedMmp7mRNA levels upon loss of TIMP3, with the latter occurring only in epithelial cells. Recombinant TIMP3 and synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitors reverted the increase in dephosphorylated β-catenin, decrease inCcnd1gene expression and increase inMmp7gene expression. Physiologically,Timp3−/−mammary glands displayed accelerated mammary ductal elongation during pubertal morphogenesis. Gain-of-function studies using slow-release TIMP-containing pellets revealed distinct effects of individual TIMPs on ductal morphogenesis. Recombinant TIMP1, TIMP3 and TIMP4 inhibited ductal elongation whereas TIMP2 promoted this process.
Teachers' Perceptions of Students With Speech Sound Disorders: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Overby Megan , Carrell Thomas , Bernthal John 
Published: September 2007

Purpose
This study examined 2nd-grade teachers' perceptions of the academic, social, and behavioral competence of students with speech sound disorders (SSDs).

Method
Forty-eight 2nd-grade teachers listened to 2 groups of sentences differing by intelligibility and pitch but spoken by a single 2nd grader. For each sentence group, teachers rated the speaker’s academic, social, and behavioral competence using an adapted version of the Teacher Rating Scale of the Self-Perception Profile for Children (S. Harter, 1985) and completed 3 open-ended questions. The matched-guise design controlled for confounding speaker and stimuli variables that were inherent in prior studies.

Results
Statistically significant differences in teachers' expectations of children’s academic, social, and behavioral performances were found between moderately intelligible and normal intelligibility speech. Teachers associated moderately intelligible low-pitched speech with more behavior problems than moderately intelligible high-pitched speech or either pitch with normal intelligibility. One third of the teachers reported that they could not accurately predict a child’s school performance based on the child’s speech skills, one third of the teachers causally related school difficulty to SSD, and one third of the teachers made no comment.

Conclusion
Intelligibility and speaker pitch appear to be speech variables that influence teachers' perceptions of children’s school performance.
Discovering Communicative Competencies in a Nonspeaking Child With Autism
Authors: Stiegler Lillian N. 
Published: September 2007

Purpose
This article is intended to demonstrate that adapted conversation analysis (CA) and speech act analysis (SAA) may be applied by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to (a) identify communicative competencies in nonspeaking children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially during particularly successful interactions, and (b) identify communicative patterns that are exhibited by interventionists and communication partners that may positively or negatively impact interactions with such children.

Method
A case example involving an 8-year-old boy with autism and the author, an SLP, is explicated. A videotaped segment from an intervention session was transcribed and subjected to adapted forms of CA and SAA.

Results
CA and SAA helped reveal several underlying competencies in the boy’s communicative output, including an awareness of conversational structure and sequence, diversity of communicative acts, functional use of gaze and smile behavior, and the ability to spontaneously initiate interactions. Observations regarding the SLP’s interactive style included the use of multiple instances of “asking” as well as multiple “derailments” of the boy’s obvious communicative bids.

Conclusion
CA and SAA may be adapted to gain a clearer picture of what takes place during especially positive communicative interactions with nonspeaking children with ASD.
TAPPA: topological analysis of pathway phenotype association
Authors: Gao Shouguo , Wang Xujing 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: Extracting biological insight from microarray data is important but challenging. Here we describe TAPPA, a java-based tool, for identification of phenotype-associated genetic pathways utilizing the pathway topological measures. This is achieved by first calculating a Pathway Connectivity Index (PCI) for each pathway, followed by evaluating its correlation to the phenotypic variation. Our PCI definition not only efficiently captures the contributions from genes that show subtle but consistent changes in expression, but also naturally overweighs the hub genes that interact with a large number of other genes in the pathway. TAPPA also allows evaluation of sub-modules within a pathway and their association to phenotypes.Availability: TAPPA and data for Figure 1 are freely available from http://watson.mcgee.mcw.edu:8080/~sgaoContact: sgao@mcw.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Thomas Forde, Stationers' Company Apprentice and Author: New Information about his Life and Work
Authors: Schneider Gary 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This article offers new information about the life and works of Thomas Forde (b. 1624), author of The Times Anatomiz’d in Severall Characters (1647), Lusus Fortunae (1649), and Virtus Rediviva (1660-61). This new information includes details of the social relationships and literary circles of this stationers’ company apprentice. Forde’s Faenestra in Pectore: Or a Century of Familiar Letters, included as part of his Virtus Rediviva, reveals several particulars of his life hitherto unnoticed. The article concludes with an appendix in which dates are assigned to several of these letters; many of Forde’s addressees are identified as well.
Molecular Architecture of Strictosidine Glucosidase: The Gateway to the Biosynthesis of the Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Family
Authors: Barleben Leif , Panjikar Santosh , Ruppert Martin , Koepke Juergen , Stöckigt Joachim 
Published: September 2007

AbstractStrictosidine β-d-glucosidase (SG) follows strictosidine synthase (STR1) in the production of the reactive intermediate required for the formation of the large family of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in plants. This family is composed of ∼2000 structurally diverse compounds. SG plays an important role in the plant cell by activating the glucoside strictosidine and allowing it to enter the multiple indole alkaloid pathways. Here, we report detailed three-dimensional information describing both native SG and the complex of its inactive mutant Glu207Gln with the substrate strictosidine, thus providing a structural characterization of substrate binding and identifying the amino acids that occupy the active site surface of the enzyme. Structural analysis and site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrate the essential role of Glu-207, Glu-416, His-161, and Trp-388 in catalysis. Comparison of the catalytic pocket of SG with that of other plant glucosidases demonstrates the structural importance of Trp-388. Compared with all other glucosidases of plant, bacterial, and archaeal origin, SG's residue Trp-388 is present in a unique structural conformation that is specific to the SG enzyme. In addition to STR1 and vinorine synthase, SG represents the third structural example of enzymes participating in the biosynthetic pathway of the Rauvolfia alkaloid ajmaline. The data presented here will contribute to deciphering the structure and reaction mechanism of other higher plant glucosidases.
Rice Pti1a Negatively Regulates RAR1-Dependent Defense Responses
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Yamazaki Muneo , Onosato Katsura , Miyao Akio , Kawasaki Tsutomu , Shimamoto Ko , Hirochika Hirohiko 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Pto encodes a protein kinase that confers resistance to bacterial speck disease. A second protein kinase, Pti1, physically interacts with Pto and is involved in Pto-mediated defense signaling. Pti1-related sequences are highly conserved among diverse plant species, including rice (Oryza sativa), but their functions are largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of a null mutant for the Pti1 homolog in rice and the functional characterization of Os Pti1a. The rice pti1a mutant was characterized by spontaneous necrotic lesions on leaves, which was accompanied by a series of defense responses and resistance against a compatible race of Magnaporthe grisea. Overexpression of Pti1a in rice reduced resistance against an incompatible race of the fungus recognized by a resistance (R) protein, Pish. Plants overexpressing Pti1a were also more susceptible to a compatible race of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. These results suggest that Os Pti1a negatively regulates defense signaling for both R gene–mediated and basal resistance. We also demonstrated that repression of the rice RAR1 gene suppressed defense responses induced in the pti1a mutant, indicating that Pti1a negatively regulates RAR1-dependent defense responses. Expression of a tomato Pti1 cDNA in the rice pti1a mutant suppressed the mutant phenotypes. This contrasts strikingly with the previous finding that Sl Pti1 enhances Pto-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) induction when expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), suggesting that the molecular switch controlling HR downstream of pathogen recognition has evolved differently in rice and tomato.
An Oncoprotein from the Plant PathogenAgrobacteriumHas Histone Chaperone–Like Activity
Authors: Terakura Shinji , Ueno Yoshihisa , Tagami Hideaki , Kitakura Saeko , Machida Chiyoko , Wabiko Hiroetsu , Aiba Hiroji , Otten Léon , Tsukagoshi Hironaka , Nakamura Kenzo , Machida Yasunori 
Published: September 2007

AbstractProtein 6b, encoded by T-DNA from the pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, stimulates the plant hormone–independent division of cells in culture in vitro and induces aberrant cell growth and the ectopic expression of various genes, including genes related to cell division and meristem-related class 1 KNOX homeobox genes, in 6b-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants. Protein 6b is found in nuclei and binds to several plant nuclear proteins. Here, we report that 6b binds specifically to histone H3 in vitro but not to other core histones. Analysis by bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed an interaction in vivo between 6b and histone H3. We recovered 6b from a chromatin fraction from 6b-expressing plant cells. A supercoiling assay and digestion with micrococcal nuclease indicated that 6b acts as a histone chaperone with the ability to mediate formation of nucleosomes in vitro. Mutant 6b, lacking the C-terminal region that is required for cell division–stimulating activity and interaction with histone H3, was deficient in histone chaperone activity. Our results suggest a relationship between alterations in nucleosome structure and the expression of growth-regulating genes on the one hand and the induction of aberrant cell proliferation on the other.