bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus), in decomposition and nutrient cycling in a tropical seagrass bed
Authors: Koike Isao , Mukai Hiroshi , Nojima Satoshi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, which feeds mainly on living leaves of the seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii, was studied in its habitat on the southern coast of Papua New Guinea, and its roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling in a seagrass bed were assessed through the excretion of ammonium and metabolism of feces produced by the sea urchin. Carbon content of the fresh feces (21% of dry weight) was similar to that of intact dead leaves of the same species (22–23%). Carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios of the feces (21.7 and 466, respectively), however, were significantly lower than those of the dead leaves (25.9–27.7 and 656–804, respectively), indicating that the feces retain more nitrogen and phosphorus in comparison with carbon.Net consumption of ammonium and orthophosphate typically concurred with oxygen consumption during dark incubation of both the dead leaves and the sea urchin feces. Compared with the same oxygen consumption rate, however, the dead leaves consumed more orthophosphate than the feces. Under sunlight, dead leaves showed a net accumulation of carbon by epiphytic algae, while the feces showed a carbon loss.Ammonium excretion by this sea urchin (1.7–5.4 mg nitrogen/individual/day) would thus appear to make a significant contribution to nitrogen recycling since biological communities associated with dead leaves and sea urchin feces tend to demand an external supply of nitrogen, such as ammonium.
Bionomics of Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on Quercus. II. Effects of ants
Authors: Sato Hiroaki , Higashi Seigo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of ants on a population of Phyllonorycter leaf miners were observed in an oak chaparral on the Ishikari Coast. The density of ant nests was higher at the chaparral's edge than in the interior, while the density of mines was lower at the edge than in the interior. The effects of ant predation were examined in a comparison between treated ant‐free trees and untreated ant‐rich trees. Percentages of the torn mines observed were higher on the ant‐rich trees than on the ant‐free trees, whereas the mortality due to parasitoids was higher on the ant‐free trees than on the ant‐rich trees. This shows that ants greatly contributed to the mortality of leaf miners.
Grouping‐patterns and inter‐group relationships of Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) in the Rokko mountain area
Authors: Hirotani Akira , Nakatani Jun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGrouping‐patterns and inter‐group relationships of Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) were studied at a provisioning site in the Rokko mountain area, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, from 1982 to 1983. The observations were divided into four study periods. Almost all wild boars were individually identified and their kin‐relationships were followed from the beginning of the study. To examine grouping‐patterns of Japanese wild boars, the degree of association between any two individuals, based on coexisting time at the provisioning site, was analyzed for each study period. Mother and her litter group (MLG), female littermate group (FLG) and solitary individual were recognized grouping‐patterns. Groups did not associate with each other. Male offspring separated from their mother before 1 year of age and become solitary. Separation of female offspring occurred before the subsequent parturition of their mother. The proximate cause of separation was increased aggression by the mother. After separation, female offspring formed a FLG. However, the FLG seemed to be generally a temporary one, maintaining its stability only until parturition of it's members. Thereafter adult females had no close association with any other individuals, except for their own infants. Male offspring disappeared from their natal area, while female offspring could remain there.
Mammals, reptiles and crabs on the Krakatau Islands: Their roles in the ecosystem
Authors: Iwamoto Toshitaka 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn 1982 I studied the changes which had taken place in the fauna of the Krakatau Islands over the last fifty years, and elucidated the roles of terrestrial consumers and reducers in the developing ecosystems of these islands.Only two species of rat were found (Rattus rattus and R. tiomanicus) as observed by Dammerman (1948) in 1933, but R. tiomanicus had newly established its population on Sertung. No rats were found on Anak Krakatau. Although many skinks (Mabuya multifasciata) were observed on R. Besar, this species was not found on the other islands. The rat and skink are considered strong competitors to the sand crab (Ocypode kuhli), because while the crab was restricted to the sandy beach on the three islands where rat and skink live it had expanded inland on Anak Krakatau where there are no rats and skinks. The two banded monitor (Varanus sarvator) was found on every island and it mainly fed on crabs (Gecarcoidea natalis and Metasesarma aubryi). Thus it is suggested that the crab plays an important role in the process of faunal succession on the Krakatau Islands.
The impact on the senjogahara ecosystem of extreme run‐off events from the river Sakasagawa, Nikko National Park
Authors: Hukusima Tukasa , Kershaw Kenneth Andrew , Takase Yuko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDuring high run‐off events the river Sakasagawa carries extremely large quantities of alluvial materials which are deposited in the north east corner of the Senjogahara moor.This study was initiated to examine the effects, both recent and historic, that this periodic and catastrophic inundation has had on the ecology of this area. It also questions the potential importance of alluvial deposition on the conservation of the moor as a whole. From the data presented it is clear that the present day vegetation of the north east corner of the moor represents a mosaic of vegetation reflecting differential levels of damage to the plants, deposition of alluvial material and the establishment of erosion channels in a space‐time continum. The results indicate that Malus Toringo and Salix integra can survive in the areas outside the heaviest flood damage, whereas Ulmus Davidiana var. japonica, Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Larix Kaempferi are quite sensitive to flooding. Similarly Sasa nipponica var. nana is intolerant of even light alluvial deposition in contrast to Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx and Spiraea salicifolia which are also still dominant beyond the zone of major alluvial deposition.
Regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata) after the simultaneous death of undergrowing dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis)
Authors: Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeedling recruitment and survivorship of beech (Fagus crenata) were studied with special reference to the simultaneous death of undergrowing bamboo (Sasa kurilensis). The survival rate of beech seedlings on the floor where Sasa had withered was much higher than that on the floor where Sasa survived. Damping off caused the largest mortality among beech seedlings. However, the allocation pattern of matter to different parts of the seedlings indicated that their survival was greatly affected by production economy. The dense cover of dwarf bamboo prevented the establishment of beech seedling banks on the forest floor. The interval between the times when simultaneous death of Sasa occur and the length of its recovery period are thus important factors controlling the dynamics of beech forests in Japan.
Climate and vegetation in China (I). Changes in the altitudinal lapse rate of temperature and distribution of sea level temperature
Authors: Fang Jing‐Yun , Yoda Kyoji 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChanges in the altitudinal lapse rate of temperature (ALRT) and temperature distribution at sea level were studied all over China, using temperature records from 671 meteorological stations during a statistical period from 1951 to 1980.ALRT varied regularly with distance from the eastern and south eastern coast (DC) with a minimum at about 600 km DC and a maximum at 1600–2000 km DC. The ALRT curve pattern was closely related to the mean altitude. The reliability of this trend was verified by calculating ALRT for each latitude group. Values of ALRT did not show any latitidinal trend within a distance group from the coast.An empirical equation was proposed for the relation between the DC and ALRT, and the ALRT for each meteorological station was estimated from the equation. The annual and monthly mean temperatures at sea level were calculated using the ALRT, and distribution maps were constructed. The isotherms ran almost parallel to latitude in January, and roughly parallel to the coastline in July. High temperatures at sea level were remarkable in the Qinghai‐Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Daxingan Ling and the area surrounding the Tien Shan Mountains.
Communication Technology
Authors: Small Tamara A. 
Published: March 2006

Communication Technology, Barney, Darin, The Canadian
Democratic Audit; Vancouver, UBC Press, 2005, pp. 210, xiii.When Darin Barney tells people he studies digital politics, they
typically ask, “So, is the Internet good for democracy or isn't
it?” (179). If you have ever wanted to know, Barney's
Communication Technology provides an extremely comprehensive
answer to questions about information and communication technologies
(ICTs), democracy and Canadian politics.
Les partis et leurs transformations : le dilemme de la
participation
Authors: Michaud Denis 
Published: March 2006

Les partis et leurs transformations : le dilemme de la
participation, Vincent Lemieux, Québec : Les Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2005, 221 p.Après Systèmes partisans et partis politiques
qu'il a publié en 1985 sur la science des partis politiques,
Vincent Lemieux offre cette fois Les partis et leurs transformations :
le dilemme de la participation. Il faut bien noter que ces deux
ouvrages ne représentent qu'une partie de la contribution du
politologue québécois à l'étude des
partis politiques et des systèmes partisans. Toutefois, cette plus
récente publication retiendra l'attention, ne serait-ce que
parce qu'elle est centrée sur la question de la participation
des acteurs partisans aux partis et aux systèmes de partis.
Le français en Amérique du Nord: état
présent
Authors: Terrien Chantal 
Published: March 2006

Le français en Amérique du Nord: état
présent, Sous la direction de Albert Valdman, Julie Auger et
Deborah Piston-Hatlen, Québec : Presses de l'Université
Laval, 2005, 583 p.Ce volume est le résultat du colloque “ Le
français aux États-Unis ”, organisé à la
suite de plusieurs initiatives du Programme de linguistique
française d'Indiana University dans le domaine de
l'étude du français hors de France et des
créoles à base lexicale française.
La démocratie, c'est le mal.
Authors: Bernier Émilie 
Published: March 2006

La démocratie, c'est le mal., Marc Angenot,
Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004, 182
pages.Par ce titre incisif, Angenot indique le point de départ de
l'ensemble des critiques adressées à la
démocratie parlementaire et au suffrage universel au cours du
développement idéologique qui a préparé les
grandes révolutions du siècle dernier: l'identification
d'un mal social. L'auteur vise à retracer l'histoire
des critiques et des contre-propositions formulées par certains
secteurs de l'extrême gauche, socialistes et libertaires, au
cours du “ long XIXe siècle ” (de 1815
à la Première Guerre mondiale) devant les vices et les
crimes d'un état social jugé corrompu en ses principes.
Il ne s'agit pas de soumettre d'anciennes querelles
idéologiques à l'épreuve de la
réalité car polémiquer avec des chimères est
loin d'être le but d'Angenot. Si cette démarche a
un intérêt d'actualité, c'est plutôt
parce que les grands malheurs du XXe siècle, à
savoir les dérives du bolchevisme et des fascismes, trouvent leur
origine dans ce foisonnement idéologique, dans la mesure où
il y a préparé les esprits. Il demeure donc pertinent
d'interroger ces argumentaires et d'identifier l' “
aveuglement ” sur lequel ils s'érigent. Le
problème est cette “ hostilité de principe ” qui
s'est exprimée à travers le discours du militantisme
antidémocratique. La méthode est de rappeler
l'essentiel des conjectures et de recréer les débats
internes et inhérents à toute mouvance militante, afin
d'expliquer la persistance d'une telle hostilité.
Myringoplasty
Authors: Aggarwal R , Saeed S R , Green K J M 
Published: March 2006

There is marked diversity in the reported success rates for achieving an intact tympanic membrane following myringoplasty. Controversy exists about the factors thought to influence surgical outcome. Both of these facts have important implications for obtaining informed consent prior to surgery.This study reviews the factors thought to determine the likelihood of achieving complete closure of the tympanic membrane following surgical closure.
Part II: The Karguzar and Security, the Trade Routes of Iran and Foreign Subjects 1900–1921
Authors: Nouraei Morteza , Martin Vanessa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis, the second of our three articles on the role of the karguzar in the foreign relations of Iran, focuses on internal issues, and, in particular, the problems of security. Its main period of study is the years following the Constitutional Revolution during which Iran witnessed a gradual breakdown of social control resulting from severe government weakness. The Revolution, itself the product of financial fragility, led to the virtual bankruptcy of the country, despite the attempts of the Majlis at fiscal reform. Thus by 1910 the government did not have the means to enforce law and order. Problems of personal security placed considerable pressure on people at all levels of Iranian society. This article is, however, concerned with the experiences of the non-elite and the implications for them of financial crisis and weak government. These circumstances were also to have repercussions for Iran's relations with foreigners.
The Bear Yawns? Russian and Soviet Relations with Macao
Authors: Share Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFrom the late nineteenth century until the hand-over of Macao to Chinese rule about one hundred years later, Russia and the Soviet Union demonstrated discernible, though far from overwhelming, interest in the tiny Portuguese territory of Macao. Their activities and involvement in the enclave served as an interesting contrast and coda to their more extensive dealings with the larger entities of British Hong Kong and even more problematic Taiwan. Both Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union had definite policies towards both Hong Kong and Taiwan; though policy emphasis altered dramatically over time, especially towards Hong Kong, both regimes sought to expand their trade with, and activities in, those territories. Soviet and Russian policies toward Macao were in some ways less consistent, circumscribed by the relative insignificance of the territory, and also for several decades from the 1920s onward by the implacable long-term hostility of the fascist Portuguese government toward Soviet Communism. Even so, the fact that first Russian and then Soviet foreign policymakers assigned some importance to Macao is amply demonstrated by the Foreign Ministry Archive, which contains nearly thirty files of varying size spanning the period from 1910 to 1987.
About Ugra and his Friends: a Recent Contribution on Early Mahāyāna Buddhism. A review article.
Authors: Pagel Ulrich 
Published: March 2006

AbstractResearch in Mahāyāna sūtras is a slow and painstaking process. Typically, it involves a careful study of multiple versions of individual texts, composed in different languages (Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan) as well as immersion in the voluminous but largely unchartered corpus of canonical literature preserved in the bKa' 'gyur and the Chinese ‘Tripiṭaka’. Years may easily go by without any noteworthy publication. Thus, when a new book appears, scholarly expectation tends to be high. Jan Nattier's study of the Ugrapariprcchā is no exception. Eagerly awaited among colleagues for its research on early Mahāyāna Buddhism – the Ugrapariprcchā is widely recognised to rank among the first Mahāyāna sūtras – Nattier's work promised to dispel at least some of the mist that continues to cloud this ill-understood period. Even though hers is not the first study and translation of the Ugrapariprcchā (Nancy Schuster wrote her PhD dissertation on this text, 1976), Nattier managed to produce a remarkable, original piece of scholarship that brims with thought-provoking ideas about the formation of the Mahāyāna, persuasive refutations of old-seated misconceptions, well-conceived approaches to textual interpretation and a competently crafted translation of the Chinese and Tibetan versions. In short, it is a book that needs to be taken seriously.
Involvement of the Gi/o/cGMP/PKG pathway in the AT2-mediated inhibition of outer cortex proximal tubule Na+-ATPase by Ang-(1–7)
Authors: Lara Lucienne da Silva , Cavalcante Fabíola , Axelband Flavia , De Souza Aloa Machado , Lopes Anibal Gil , Caruso-Neves Celso 
Published: March 2006

The molecular mechanisms involved in the Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] effect on sodium renal excretion remain to be determined. In a previous study, we showed that Ang-(1–7) has a biphasic effect on the proximal tubule Na+-ATPase activity, with the stimulatory effect mediated by the AT1 receptor. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of the Na+-ATPase by Ang-(1–7). All experiments were carried out in the presence of 0.1 nM losartan to block the AT1 receptor-mediated stimulation. In this condition, Ang-(1–7) at 0.1 nM inhibited the Na+-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule by 54%. This effect was reversed by 10 nM PD123319, a specific antagonist of the AT2 receptor, and by 1 μM GDP[β-S] (guanosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate), an inhibitor of G protein. Ang-(1–7) at 0.1 M induced [35S]GTP[S] (guanosine 5′-[γ-[35S]thio]triphosphate) binding and 1 μg/ml pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gi/o protein, reversed the Ang-(1–7) effect. Furthermore, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of Ang-(1–7) on the Na+-ATPase activity was completely reversed by 0.1 μM LY83583, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and by 2 μM KT5823, a PKG (protein kinase G) inhibitor, and was mimicked by 10 nM d-cGMP (dibutyryl cGMP). Ang-(1–7) increased the PKG activity by 152% and this effect was abolished by 10 nM PD123319 and 0.1 μM LY83583. Taken together, these data indicate that Ang-(1–7) inhibits the proximal tubule Na+-ATPase by interaction with the AT2 receptor that subsequently activates the Gi/o protein/cGMP/PKG pathway.
Amplification and disruption of the phenylacetyl-CoA ligase gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding an aryl-capping enzyme that supplies phenylacetic acid to the isopenicillin N-acyltransferase
Authors: Lamas-Maceiras Mónica , Vaca Inmaculada , Rodríguez Esther , Casqueiro Javier , Martín Juan F. 
Published: March 2006

A gene, phl, encoding a phenylacetyl-CoA ligase was cloned from a phage library of Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78. The presence of five introns in the phl gene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. The phl gene encoded an aryl-CoA ligase closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase. The Phl protein contained most of the amino acids defining the aryl-CoA (4-coumaroyl-CoA) ligase substrate-specificity code and differed from acetyl-CoA ligase and other acyl-CoA ligases. The phl gene was not linked to the penicillin gene cluster. Amplification of phl in an autonomous replicating plasmid led to an 8-fold increase in phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity and a 35% increase in penicillin production. Transformants containing the amplified phl gene were resistant to high concentrations of phenylacetic acid (more than 2.5 g/l). Disruption of the phl gene resulted in a 40% decrease in penicillin production and a similar reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity. The disrupted mutants were highly susceptible to phenylacetic acid. Complementation of the disrupted mutants with the phl gene restored normal levels of penicillin production and resistance to phenylacetic acid. The phenylacetyl-CoA ligase encoded by the phl gene is therefore involved in penicillin production, although a second aryl-CoA ligase appears to contribute partially to phenylacetic acid activation. The Phl protein lacks a peptide-carrier-protein domain and behaves as an aryl-capping enzyme that activates phenylacetic acid and transfers it to the isopenicillin N acyltransferase. The Phl protein contains the peroxisome-targeting sequence that is also present in the isopenicillin N acyltransferase. The peroxisomal co-localization of these two proteins indicates that the last two enzymes of the penicillin pathway form a peroxisomal functional complex.
Increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with worsening congestive heart failure: improvement after short-term inotropic support
Authors: White Michel , Ducharme Anique , Ibrahim Reda , Whittom Lucette , Lavoie Joel , Guertin Marie-Claude , Racine Normand , He Ying , Yao Guoying , Rouleau Jean L. , Schiffrin Ernesto L. , Touyz Rhian M. 
Published: March 2006

In the present study, we evaluated circulating pro-inflammatory mediators and markers of oxidative stress in patients with decompensated CHF (congestive heart failure) and assessed whether clinical recompensation by short-term inotropic therapy influences these parameters. Patients with worsening CHF (n=29, aged 61.9±2.7 years), NYHA (New York Heart Association) class III–IV, and left ventricular ejection fraction of 23.7±1.8% were studied. Controls comprised age-matched healthy volunteers (n=15; 54.1±3.2 years). Plasma levels of cytokines [IL (interleukin)-6 and IL-18], chemokines [MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1)], adhesion molecules [sICAM (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule), sE-selectin (soluble E-selectin)], systemic markers of oxidation [TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and nitrotyrosine] and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured by ELISA and colorimetric assays at admission and 30 days following 72-h milrinone (n=15) or dobutamine (n=14) infusion. Plasma IL-6, IL-18, sICAM, E-selectin, hs-CRP and oxidative markers were significantly higher in patients on admission before inotropic treatment compared with controls (P&lt;0.05). Short-term inotropic support improved clinical status as assessed by NYHA classification and by the 6-min walk test and significantly decreased plasma levels of IL-6, IL-18, sICAM, hs-CRP and markers of oxidation (P&lt;0.05) at 30 days. The effects of milrinone and dobutamine were similar. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that patients with decompensated CHF have marked systemic inflammation and increased production of oxygen free radicals. Short-term inotropic support improves functional status and reduces indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with decompensated CHF.
Ballonkyphoplastie: Indikation, Diagnostik, operative Technik, Ergebnisse. Teil 1
Authors: Glasmacher S. , Blattert T. R. , Siekmann H. , Josten C. 
Published: March 2006

ZusammenfassungBei der Ballonkyphoplastie handelt es sich um ein relativ neues minimalinvasives Verfahren zur Stabilisierung und Schmerzreduktion bei osteoporotischen Frakturen. Hierbei werden trans- oder extrapedikulär Hohlnadeln vorgeschoben. Durch die Auffüllung der hierüber vorgeführten Ballone erfolgt eine Aufrichtung des frakturierten Wirbelkörpers mit Schaffung von präformierten Kavernen. Diese werden nach Entfernung der Ballone mit hochviskösem Zement gefüllt. Hauptindikation sind die osteoporotischen Frakturen. In Abhängigkeit von Frakturalter und ‐typ kann eine vollständige Reposition erreicht werden. Obwohl auf die A-Frakturen beschränkt, zeigen aktuelle Ballonentwicklungen neue Wege mit möglicherweise breiterem Indikationsspektrum. Im Vergleich zur Vertebroplastie zeigt sich eine deutlich geringere Komplikationsrate bei ebenfalls konsequenter Schmerzreduktion.