bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and activity of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria in Nakivubo wastewater channel and wastewater treatment wetland, Uganda
Authors: Kyambadde Joseph , Kansiime Frank , Dalhammar Gunnel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe pollution profiles of Nakivubo channel and wetland, and the spatial distribution of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria and the corresponding ammonium‐oxidation activities along Nakivubo channel and wetland are presented. A set of physico‐chemical and biochemical variables was monitored, and numbers and activity of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria in the water, sediment and epiphyton were quantified to estimate their influence on the nitrification and nitrogen bioconversions in general, and to determine the factors influencing the distribution of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria in Nakivubo channel and wetland. Considerable numbers of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria and ammonium‐oxidation activities were found upstream of Nakivubo channel suggesting that the physico‐chemical conditions were suitable for the survival of nitrifying bacteria. However, the longitudinal decline in numbers and activity of ammonium‐oxidizers was probably due to (1) high biodegradable organic matter input which supported proliferation of heterotrophs, consuming the little available oxygen, (2) hydro‐sedimentary conditions of the channel, (3) die‐off due to presence of toxic and inhibitory chemicals and metal compounds. The removal of biochemical oxygen demand was significantly higher than that of nitrogen indicating lower self‐purification efficiency for nitrogen. A comparison of the ammonium‐oxidation activity of the different phases indicated that epiphytic nitrification was more important than that of sediment and water compartments of the wetland, whereas sediment and suspended nitrifiers were equally important for nitrification upstream of Nakivubo channel.
The seasonal occurrence of the sewage fungus Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh in stagnant and running waters of different water chemistry of Hesse and Thuringia, Germany
Authors: Riethmüller Alexandra , Gründel Andreas , Langer Ewald 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe compared the seasonal occurrence of Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh (Oomycetes, Leptomitales) in freshwater samples from autumn 2003 to summer 2004. For this purpose, we analysed 42 different water samples of running waters from Hesse and Thuringia and additionally of stagnant waters and of a spring from Hesse. For isolating L. lacteus, the baiting technique was used. The simultaneous limnochemical characterisation of the examined waters resulted in information on the trophic status of the lakes and the water quality classification of some rivers. L. lacteus occurred in all three types of waters examined. Based on the number of samples in which it occurred, L. lacteus seems to prefer rivers rather than stagnant waters. L. lacteus could be isolated during the whole year. Nevertheless, most isolates were obtained in winter. Hence, a preference for growth and propagation in winter is postulated.
Integrated fault‐detection and fault‐tolerant control of process systems
Authors: Mhaskar Prashant , Gani Adiwinata , El‐Farra Nael H. , McFall Charles , Christofides Panagiotis D. , Davis James F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe problem of implementing fault‐tolerant control to nonlinear processes with input constraints subject to control actuator failures is considered, and an approach predicated upon the idea of integrating fault‐detection, feedback and supervisory control is presented and demonstrated. To illustrate the main idea behind the proposed approach, availability of measurements of all the process state variables is initially assumed. For the processes under consideration, a family of candidate control configurations, characterized by different manipulated inputs, is first identified. For each control configuration, a Lyapunov‐based controller that enforces asymptotic closed‐loop stability in the presence of constraints, is designed, and the constrained stability region, associated with it, is explicitly characterized. A fault‐detection filter is used to compute the expected closed‐loop behavior in the absence of faults. Deviations of the process states from the expected closed‐loop behavior are used to detect faults. A switching policy is then derived, on the basis of the stability regions, to orchestrate the activation/deactivation of the constituent control configurations in a way that guarantees closed‐loop stability in the event that a failure is detected. Often, in chemical process applications, not all state variables are available for measurement. To deal with the problem of lack of process state measurements, a nonlinear observer is designed to generate estimates of the states, which are then used to implement the state feedback controller and the fault‐detection filter. A switching policy is then derived to orchestrate the activation/deactivation of the constituent control configurations in a way that accounts for the estimation error. Finally, simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant control scheme, as well as to investigate an application in the presence of uncertainty and measurement noise. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
The virtual mass of a growing and collapsing bubble
Authors: Kendoush Abdullah Abbas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAnalytical solutions were obtained for the virtual mass coefficient (CV) of a growing and collapsing bubble controlled by the following causes: thermal diffusion and mass diffusion. Expressions were derived for CV of bubble growth and collapse controlled by thermal diffusion, at high and low Jakob numbers. The solutions were validated by their asymptotic approach to the limit of the constant volume bubble as well as to the limit of the single growing bubble in a system of two growing bubbles. Some avenues for future research were pointed out. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Automatic thesaurus development: Term extraction from title metadata
Authors: Wang Jun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe application of thesauri in networked environments is seriously hampered by the challenges of introducing new concepts and terminology into the formal controlled vocabulary, which is critical for enhancing its retrieval capability. The author describes an automated process of adding new terms to thesauri as entry vocabulary by analyzing the association between words/phrases extracted from bibliographic titles and subject descriptors in the metadata record (subject descriptors are terms assigned from controlled vocabularies of thesauri to describe the subjects of the objects [e.g., books, articles] represented by the metadata records). The investigated approach uses a corpus of metadata for scientific and technical (S&T) publications in which the titles contain substantive words for key topics. The three steps of the method are (a) extracting words and phrases from the title field of the metadata; (b) applying a method to identify and select the specific and meaningful keywords based on the associated controlled vocabulary terms from the thesaurus used to catalog the objects; and (c) inserting selected keywords into the thesaurus as new terms (most of them are in hierarchical relationships with the existing concepts), thereby updating the thesaurus with new terminology that is being used in the literature. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by an experiment with the Chinese Classification Thesaurus (CCT) and bibliographic data in China Machine‐Readable Cataloging Record (MARC) format (CNMARC) provided by Peking University Library. This approach is equally effective in large‐scale collections and in other languages.
Enhanced lycopene production in Escherichia coli engineered to synthesize isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate from mevalonate
Authors: Yoon Sang‐Hwal , Lee Young‐Mi , Kim Ju‐Eun , Lee Sook‐Hee , Lee Joo‐Hee , Kim Jae‐Yean , Jung Kyung‐Hwa , Shin Yong‐Chul , Keasling Jay D. , Kim Seon‐Won 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo increase expression of lycopene synthetic genes crtE, crtB, crtI, and ipiHP1, the four exogenous genes were cloned into a high copy pTrc99A vector with a strong trc promoter. Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring pT‐LYCm4 produced 17 mg/L of lycopene. The mevalonate lower pathway, composed of mvaK1, mvaK2, mvaD, and idi, was engineered to produce pSSN12Didi for an efficient supply of the lycopene building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Mevalonate was supplied as a substrate for the mevalonate lower pathway. Lycopene production in E. coli harboring pT‐LYCm4 and pSSN12Didi with supplementation of 3.3 mM mevalonate was more than threefold greater than bacteria with pT‐LYCm4 only. Lycopene production was dependent on mevalonate concentration supplied in the culture. Clump formation was observed as cells accumulated more lycopene. Further clumping was prevented by adding the surfactant Tween 80 0.5% (w/v), which also increased lycopene production and cell growth. When recombinant E. coli harboring pT‐LYCm4 and pSSN12Didi was cultivated in 2YT medium containing 2% (w/v) glycerol as a carbon source, 6.6 mM mevalonate for the mevalonate lower pathway, and 0.5% (w/v) Tween 80 to prevent clump formation, lycopene production was 102 mg/L and 22 mg/g dry cell weight, and cell growth had an OD600 value of 15 for 72 h. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of blood loss, obstruction and perforation on survival in patients undergoing curative resection for colon cancer
Authors: McArdle C S , McMillan D C , Hole D J 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have drawn attention to the high postoperative mortality and poor survival of patients who present as an emergency with colon cancer. However, these patients are a heterogeneous group. The aim of the present study was to establish, having adjusted for case mix, the size of the differences in postoperative mortality and 5-year survival between patients presenting as an emergency with evidence of blood loss, obstruction and perforation.

Methods
The study included 2068 patients who presented with colon cancer between 1991 and 1994 in Scotland. Five-year survival rates and the adjusted hazard ratios were calculated.

Results
Thirty-day postoperative mortality following potentially curative resection was consistently higher in patients who presented with evidence of blood loss, obstruction or perforation (all P &lt; 0·005) than in elective patients. Following potentially curative surgery, cancer-specific survival at 5 years was 74·6 per cent compared with 60·9, 51·6 and 46·5 per cent in those who presented with blood loss, obstruction and perforation respectively (all P &lt; 0·001). The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (95 per cent confidence interval) for cancer-specific survival, relative to elective patients, were 1·62 (1·22 to 2·15), 2·22 (1·78 to 2·75) and 2·93 (1·82 to 4·70) for patients presenting with evidence of blood loss, obstruction or perforation (all P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Compared with patients who undergo elective surgery for colon cancer, those who present as an emergency with evidence of blood loss, obstruction or perforation have higher postoperative mortality rates and poorer cancer-specific survival.
Repeat hepatic resection for recurrent colorectal liver metastases is associated with favourable long-term survival
Authors: Shaw I M , Rees M , Welsh F K S , Bygrave S , John T G 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe management of patients with recurrent colorectal liver metastases (RCLM) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether repeat liver resection for RCLM could be performed with acceptable morbidity, mortality and long-term survival.MethodsOf 1121 consecutive liver resections performed and prospectively analysed between 1987 and 2005, 852 ‘curative’ resections were performed on patients with colorectal liver metastases. Single liver resection was performed in 718 patients, and 71 repeat hepatic resections for RCLM were performed in 66 patients.ResultsThere were no postoperative deaths following repeat hepatic resection compared with a postoperative mortality rate of 1·4 per cent after single hepatic resection. Postoperative morbidity was comparable following single and repeat hepatectomy (26·1 versus 18 per cent; P = 0·172), although median blood loss was greater during repeat resection (450 versus 350 ml; P = 0·006). Actuarial 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 94, 68 and 44 per cent after repeat hepatic resection for RCLM, compared with 89·3, 51·7 and 29·5 per cent respectively following single hepatectomy.ConclusionThe beneficial outcomes observed after repeat liver resection in selected patients with RCLM confirm the experience of others and support its status as the preferred choice of treatment for such patients.
Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer
Authors: Söreide K , Janssen E A M , Söiland H , Körner H , Baak J P A 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
Microsatellite instability (MSI) causes hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and occurs in about 15 per cent of sporadic colorectal cancers. Although the basic mechanisms are not clear, there is increased understanding of the clinicopathological consequences of MSI.

Methods
Medline was searched for articles with a combination of keywords relating to MSI in colorectal cancer, focusing on molecular mechanisms, clinicopathological implications, and prognostic and predictive value. Emphasis was placed on articles from the past 5 years.

Results
The genetic mechanisms differ in hereditary (germline mutation) and sporadic (epigenetic silencing) colorectal cancer. The MSI pathway frequently has altered transforming growth factor β receptor II and BAX genes, often β-catenin, and occasionally p16INK4A and PTEN. Changes in K-ras, adenomatous polyposis coli and p53 are rare. Polymerase chain reaction testing for MSI is superior to immunohistochemistry, but complicated by the number and types of nucleotide markers. The Bethesda panel guides HNPCC testing, but guidelines are lacking for general screening. The presence and role of low-frequency MSI remains controversial. Tumours with MSI tend to occur in the proximal colon and be large, but they have a good prognosis. Their reduced response to adjuvant chemotherapy requires confirmation.

Conclusion
Research on colorectal cancer needs to be stratified according to microsatellite status in order further to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinicopathological consequences of MSI.
Really changing the course: the limitations of environmental management systems for innovation
Authors: Könnölä Totti , Unruh Gregory C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe paper broadens the scope of environmental management system (EMS) research by describing how EMSs can contribute to inertia in present production systems. In conjunction with other factors this inertia can inhibit dramatic shifts toward more sustainable technologies and systems. Our approach builds upon technological lock‐in theory, which focuses on market coordination and technological interdependencies as generators of inertia in technological systems. Building on this framework, we call attention to previously under appreciated non‐market social forces and institutional structures that can further reinforce lock‐in. We argue that the co‐evolutionary mechanisms that generate increasing returns for physical technologies may also be applied to social technologies, such as management systems. The paper describes the emergence of ‘EMS lock‐in’ as a path dependent evolution occurring within the context of the larger quality management paradigm. While EMS may initially produce improvements in environmental performance, EMS may also constrain organizational focus to the exploitation of present production systems, rather than exploring for superior innovations that are discontinuous. The paper questions the enthusiastic private and public sector support for EMS implementation and instead recommends an ambidextrous management approach that integrates foresight and broader stakeholder collaboration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Environmental business strategy: the Portuguese case
Authors: Da Silva Rui Vinhas , Teixeira Natalia 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study focuses on the adoption of environmental management systems and corporate social responsibility reporting as mechanisms for creating a differential advantage, looking at how different stakeholders in an organization perceive the importance of instituting these mechanisms as determinants of market success.The paper then aims to focus on environmental business strategy and corporate social responsibility reporting in companies, rather than prescribing policy for the entire sector. In so doing it postulates that compliance with market requirements on environmentally related issues, by instituting proper environmental management mechanisms and corporate social responsibility reporting, is a pre‐requisite for acceptance of the firm and its products in the market.The paper is methodologically based on a set of 60 interviews conducted with various agents in the Portuguese textile industry, ranging from policy‐makers to industrialists and NGOs, with a view to determining differences in perception between the various stakeholders. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Recycling Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysts by Their Immobilization onto Ion‐Exchange Resins
Authors: Barbaro Pierluigi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIon‐exchange resins can be used as supports for the preparation of single‐site, heterogenised asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts. The immobilised catalysts obtained can be efficiently and conveniently recovered and recycled. This article reviews the significant contributions in the field including the main concepts behind the design and the applications of this type of catalyst.
Crystal Structure of the Pyrochlore Oxide Superconductor KOs2O6.
Authors: Yamaura Jun‐Ichi , Yonezawa Shigeki , Muraoka Yuji , Hiroi Zenji 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Structural Change upon Heating, and Electronic Structure of Ramsdellite‐Type TiO2.
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhiro , Kijima Norihito , Akimoto Junji 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural and Optical Properties of LiZnN Prepared by Electrochemical Formation in a LiCl—KCl—Li3N Melt.
Authors: Toyoura Kazuaki , Goto Takuya , Hachiya Kan , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermoelectric Properties of Indium‐Filled Skutterudites.
Authors: He Tao , Chen Jiazhong , Rosenfeld H. David , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NaNO2 + NaNO3 Phase Diagram: New Data from DSC and Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: Berg Rolf W. , Kerridge David H. , Larsen Peter H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Reciprocal CuInS2 + 2CdSe ↔ CuInSe2 + 2CdS System. Part 1. The Quasi‐Binary CuInSe2—CdSe System: Phase Diagram and Crystal Structure of Solid Solutions.
Authors: Olekseyuk I. D. , Parasyuk O. V. , Dzham O. A. , Piskach L. V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structures of Alkali‐Metal Indium(III) Phosphates of [M3In(PO4)2]n (M = K, n = 10; M = Rb, n = 2) Compounds, and Band Structures and Chemical Bond Properties of [Rb3In(PO4)2]2 Crystal.
Authors: Zhang Yongchun , Cheng Wendan , Wu Dongsheng , Zhang Hao , Chen Dagui , Gong Yajing , Kan Zigui , Zhu Jing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Thermochemical Properties of a First Scandium Borophosphate, Sc(H2O)2 [BP2O8]×H2O.
Authors: Ewald Bastian , Prots Yurii , Kudla Christian , Gruener Daniel , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Novel cis‐[Bi3I12]3‐‐Anion in Tri(n‐butyl)methylammoniumdodecaiodotribismutate.
Authors: Okrut A. , Feldmann C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Mixed‐Valence Chromium Structure Type: NH4Cr(CrO4)2.
Authors: Casari Barbara M. , Wingstrand Erica , Langer Vratislav 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation, Structure, and Characterization of a Novel Diphosphoheptadecatungstate Complex, [(P2O7)W17O51]4‐.
Authors: Himeno Sadayuki , Katsuta Tadashi , Takamoto Masayo , Hashimoto Masato 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Structure, and Dynamic Properties of [Ni2Sn17]4‐.
Authors: Esenturk Emren N. , Fettinger James C. , Eichhorn Bryan W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic and Stereoselective Iodination of Prochiral C—H Bonds.
Authors: Giri Ramesh , Chen Xiao , Hao Xue‐Shi , Li Jiao‐Jie , Liang Jue , Fan Zi‐Peng , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidation of C—H Bonds of Alkanes and Silyl Ethers to Optically Active Ketones.
Authors: Murahashi Shun‐Ichi , Noji Satoru , Hirabayashi Tatsuo , Komiya Naruyoshi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polystyrene‐Supported Amino Alcohol Ligands for the Heterogeneous Asymmetric Addition of Phenyl Zinc Reagents to Aldehydes.
Authors: Castellnou David , Fontes Montserrat , Jimeno Ciril , Font Daniel , Sola Lluis , Verdaguer Xavier , Pericas Miquel A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.