bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a novel vaginal cells self‐sampling device for human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: A clinical trial assessing reliability and acceptability
Authors: Yang Chung‐Yao , Chang Ting‐Chang , Chou Hung‐Hsueh , Chao Angel , Hsu Shih‐Tien , Shih Yu‐Hsiang , Huang Huei‐Jean , Lin Cheng‐Tao , Chen Min‐Yu , Sun Lou , Huang Kuan‐Gen , Wu Kai‐Yun , Hsieh Wu‐Chiao , Huang Yi‐Ting , Chen Liang‐Hsuan , Lu Chien‐Hsing , Lin Hao , Cheng Chao‐Min 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is a significant public health concern, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries where resources for prevention and treatment are limited. Routine screening, such as the Papanicolaou test (Pap smears) and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, plays a crucial role in the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. However, the participation rate in cervical cancer screening programs remains below optimal levels due to various factors. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and acceptability of the HygeiaTouch Self Sampling Kit for Women in collecting vaginal samples for HPV typing, comparing the results with samples collected by physicians. The study included 1210 women aged 21–65 from three medical centers in Taiwan. The findings indicated that the self‐sampling kit was as effective as physician‐collected specimens in terms of obtaining valid samples and identifying HPV. The agreement between the two methods was 88%, with a κ value of 0.75. Furthermore, the study assessed the mechanical characteristics of the self‐sampling applicator through tensile, bending, and torque tests, and determined that it was safe for intravaginal use. Additionally, the study evaluated the safety and satisfaction of self‐sampling and found a low rate of adverse events (0.7%) and high levels of satisfaction (over 90%) among participants. Overall, we demonstrated that the HygeiaTouch Self Sampling Kit for Women is a reliable and acceptable device for HPV testing and cervical screening, providing a convenient, safe, and effective alternative for women.
Urban relatives ameliorate survival disparities for genitourinary cancer in rural patients
Authors: Choudry Mouneeb , Dindinger‐Hill Kassandra , Ambrose Jacob , Horns Joshua , Vehawn Jeffrey , Gill Hailie , Murray Nicole Z. , Hunt Trevor C. , Martin Christopher , Haaland Benjamin , Chipman Jonathan , Hanson Heidi A. , O'Neil Brock B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatients living in rural areas have worse cancer‐specific outcomes. This study examines the effect of family‐based social capital on genitourinary cancer survival. We hypothesized that rural patients with urban relatives have improved survival relative to rural patients without urban family.MethodsWe examined rural and urban based Utah individuals diagnosed with genitourinary cancers between 1968 and 2018. Familial networks were determined using the Utah Population Database. Patients and relatives were classified as rural or urban based on 2010 rural–urban commuting area codes. Overall survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsWe identified 24,746 patients with genitourinary cancer with a median follow‐up of 8.72 years. Rural cancer patients without an urban relative had the worst outcomes with cancer‐specific survival hazard ratios (HRs) at 5 and 10 years of 1.33 (95% CI 1.10–1.62) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.24–1.73), respectively relative to urban patients. Rural patients with urban first‐degree relatives had improved survival with 5‐ and 10‐year survival HRs of 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.40) and 1.16 (95% CI 1.03–1.31), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest rural patients who have been diagnosed with a genitourinary cancer have improved survival when having relatives in urban centers relative to rural patients without urban relatives. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which having an urban family member contributes to improved cancer outcomes for rural patients. Better characterization of this affect may help inform policies to reduce urban–rural cancer disparities.
Significance of the cribriform morphology area ratio for biochemical recurrence in Gleason score 4 + 4 prostate cancer patients following robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Shimodaira Kenji , Inoue Rie , Hashimoto Takeshi , Satake Naoya , Shishido Toshihide , Namiki Kazunori , Harada Kazuharu , Nagao Toshitaka , Ohno Yoshio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn prostate cancer, histological cribriform patterns are categorized as Gleason pattern 4, and recent studies have indicated that their size and percentage are associated with the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, these studies included a mixture of cases with various Gleason scores (GSs). We therefore examined the prognostic value of the area and percentage of cribriform patterns in patients with GS 4 + 4 prostate cancer.MethodsWe investigated 108 patients with GS 4 + 4 prostate cancer who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). After digitally scanning the hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides, we measured the area of the entire cancer and cribriform patterns. Predictive factors for BCR were explored using log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard model analyses.ResultsSixty‐seven (62.0%) patients had a cribriform pattern in RARP specimens, and 32 (29.6%) experienced BCR. The median total cancer area, cribriform pattern area, and percentage of cribriform pattern area (% cribriform) were 427.70 mm2 (interquartile range [IQR], 171.65–688.53 mm2), 8.85 mm2 (IQR, 0–98.83 mm2), and 2.44% (IQR, 0%–33.70%), respectively. Univariate analyses showed that higher preoperative serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, positive resection margins, advanced pathological T stage, extraprostatic extension, larger total cancer area, larger cribriform morphology area, and higher % cribriform values were significantly associated with BCR. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the PSA level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.061; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.011–1.113; p = 0.017) and % cribriform (HR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.005–1.031; p = 0.005) were independent predictors of BCR.ConclusionsAn increased % cribriform value was associated with BCR in patients with GS 4 + 4 prostate cancer following RARP.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Semiconductor Photocatalyst for Fluoroalkylation Reactions
Authors: Wang Hao , Xie Fukai , Wang He , Dai Wen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing use of fluorine‐containing bioactive molecules necessitates efficient strategies for fluorinated group installation. Despite the impressive development of photoinduced radical fluoroalkylation as a powerful tool for introducing fluorine, the persistent issues, including the recyclability and reaction specificity of homogeneous photocatalysts, still leave great room for further advancement in a sustainable and general fashion. Herein, we report a conceptually different approach toward multiple types of fluoroalkylations by using recoverable and versatile graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) nanosheets as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. This photocatalytic system enables diverse intermolecular fluoroalkylations of alkenes with fluoroalkanesulfinates and intramolecular fluoroalkyl migrations of alkenyl triflates. Detailed characterizations and mechanism studies substantiate the stability of this organic semiconductor and the crucial role of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs.
Ring Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides with CO2 and Organic Anhydrides Promoted by Dinuclear [OSSO]‐type Metal Complexes
Authors: Niknam Fatemeh , Buonerba Antonio , Grassi Alfonso , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ternary copolymerization of a series of cyclic anhydrides with epoxides and carbon dioxide using dinuclear [OSSO]‐type chromium (III),1, and ‐iron(III), 2, complexes (0.1 mol %) in combination with (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride) (PPNCl, 0.5–1.0 mol with respect to catalyst) as co‐catalyst is reported in this study. The results have yielded copolymers with polyester and polycarbonate segments with high molecular weights and narrow dispersity. The catalytic systems 1–2/PPNCl were tested in the copolymerization of different epoxides, such as propylene oxide (PO), cyclohexene oxide (CHO), and vinylcyclohexene oxide (VCHO), with a variety of cyclic anhydrides, such as phthalic (PA), diglycolic (DGA) and succinic (SA), with CO2 pressure of 20 bar, temperature range of 45–80 °C in 24 h. Anhydride reaction, affording the polyester segments, exceeded the conversion of 99 % in all the explored cases. On the other hand, in the case of epoxide copolymerization with CO2, for the propylene oxide (PO) reaction, the selectivity towards polypropylene carbonate (PPC) without polyether linkage consistently was >99 %. For the terpolymerization of PO, CO2 and diglycolic anhydride (DGA), a notable epoxide conversion of 86 %, selectively to polycarbonate, with TOF value as high as 36 h−1, was achieved.
Adolescents with strong life purpose report greater career maturity
Authors: Yukhymenko‐Lescroart Mariya , Sharma Gitima 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examined the role of sense of life purpose (awakening to purpose, awareness of purpose, and altruistic purpose) in career maturity (concern, curiosity, confidence, and consultation) among adolescents (N = 234). Adolescents with a strong awareness of purpose reported high career curiosity, high career confidence, and low career consultation. Adolescents with altruistic purpose reported high career concern but low career confidence. Awakening to purpose, on the other hand, did not significantly contribute to career maturity. Overall, findings suggest the importance of providing support as adolescents explore various career options within the context of their life's purpose.
A career education program for early childhood youth: Development and initial evaluation
Authors: Ginevra Maria Cristina , Santilli Sara , Hartung Paul J. , Nota Laura 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFostering occupational knowledge during early childhood could help build a foundation for more sophisticated future knowledge of the world of work. Thus, we developed and initially evaluated the effectiveness of a career education program designed to promote occupational knowledge of kindergarten children. Participants were 133 Italian kindergarten children with a mean age of 4.62 years (SD = 0.47) who were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Results indicated that, compared to the control group, the experimental group experienced a significantly greater overall increase in occupational knowledge after the intervention. Results of social validity measures indicated that parents and teachers of the experimental group perceived the intervention very favorably in terms of its goals, acceptability and usability of the procedures, and outcomes. The study results provide initial support for the potential of the career education program to promote understanding of the world of work and occupations in early childhood.
Transforming Disposed Face Masks into S‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Muge , Haneef Rashidah , Wei Shanghai , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe substantial increase in discarded face masks since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in extensive environmental pollution from plastic waste. This study presents a novel upcycling method to repurpose disposable face masks into a carbon‐based nanomaterial for use in supercapacitors. The upcycled sample, CSDFM@800, demonstrates very good supercapacitor properties, boasting a high specific capacitance of 234 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Additionally, the symmetric coin cell supercapacitor constructed from this material exhibits excellent performance, achieving a high energy density of 8.54 Wh kg−1 at a low current density of 0.5 A g−1, and maintaining superior capacitance retention of 96.8 % after 15,000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. Materials characterisation results and electrochemical analysis reveal that this upcycling process not only preserves the carbon nanofiber structure but also introduces highly reactive sulfur as a heteroatom doping element.
Two‐Dimensional Crystalline Electrocatalysts for Efficient Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Dai Lu , Zong Jiawen , Liang Lisha , Li Pengfei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) can achieve carbon recycling through renewable electrical energy. Before releasing the full potential of eCO2RR, the electrocatalysts still need improvement in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. Two‐dimensional (2D) crystalline materials show a high aspect ratio with well‐defined crystal structures, which are promising electrocatalysts for eCO2RR. In this review, we briefly discuss the typical 2D electrocatalysts for eCO2RR. Subsequently, we provide a summary of the different strategies to improve the catalytic performance of 2D crystalline electrocatalysts for creating and modulating active sites. Finally, we end this review with the current challenges and future opportunities of 2D crystalline materials in the eCO2RR.
Leveraging Pyrazolium Ylide Reactivity to Access Indolizine and 1,2‐Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Tran Ricky , Brownsey Duncan K. , O'Sullivan Leonie , Brandow Connor M. J. , Chang Emily S. , Zhou Wen , Patel Ketul V. , Gorobets Evgueni , Derksen Darren J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic ylides are important synthetic precursors to rapidly build molecular complexity. Pyrazolium ylides have largely been unexplored, and we demonstrate their diverse utility in this report. We show that these readily accessible building blocks can be used to construct different heterocyclic skeletons by varying the coupling partner. Indolizines can be formed via an N‐deletion type mechanism when reacting pyrazolium salts with electron deficient alkynes. 1,2‐Dihydropyrimidines can be formed via a rearrangement mechanism when reacting pyrazolium ylides with isocyanates. These reactions enable access to valuable heteroarenes without the need for transition metal catalysis, high temperatures, or strong bases.
Free‐Standing Multiscale Porous High Entropy NiFeCoZn Alloy as the Highly Active Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Qiuping , Wang Xu , Jian Tianzhen , Ma Wenqing , Xu Caixia , Zhou Qiuxia , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive SummaryIn the endeavor of searching for highly active and stable electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting, high‐entropy‐alloys have been the intense subjects owing to their advanced physicochemical property. The non‐noble metal free‐standing multiscale porous NiFeCoZn high‐entropy‐alloy is in situ constructed on the surface layer of NiZn intermetallic and Ni heterojunction over nickel foam (NiFeCoZn/NiZn‐Ni/NF) by one scalable dealloying protocal to fulfill the outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic performances toward overall water splitting. Because of the high‐entropy effects and specific hierarchical porous architecture, the as‐made NiFeCoZn/NiZn‐Ni/ NF displays high intrinsic catalytic activities and durability toward both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. In particular, the in‐situ construction of bimodal porous NiFeCoZn high‐entropy‐alloy results in the small overpotentials (η1000 = 254/409 mV for HER and OER), low Tafel slopes, and exceptional long‐term catalytic durability for 400 h. Expressively, the electrolyzer constructed with NiFeCoZn/NiZn‐Ni/NF as both cathode and anode exhibits a low cell voltage of 1.72 V to deliver the current density of 500 mA·cm–2 for overall water splitting. This work not only provides a facile and scalable protocol for the preparation of self‐supporting high‐entropy‐alloy nanocatalysts but also enlightens the engineering of high performance bifunctional electrocatalysts toward water splitting.
The biomechanical effects of bimaxillary osteotomies to the patients with mandibular retraction under incisal clenching
Authors: Luo Haotian , Teng Haidong , Chong Desmond Y. R. , Liu Zhan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the biomechanical effect of bimaxillary osteotomies on patients with mandibular retraction. Mandibular retraction, as a typical maxillofacial deformity, and has great adverse effects on TMJ. Bimaxillary osteotomies are widely used to correct symptoms of mandibular retraction. It is necessary to understand the effect of surgery on temporomandibular disc (TMJ). Five patients with mandibular retraction and 10 asymptomatic subjects were involved in this study. Finite element models of preoperative, postoperative and control group were constructed based on the CT data. Nine sets of concentrated forces were used to simulate the muscle effect and contact method was used to simulate the interaction within the TMJs and dentitions. The results showed that bimaxillary osteotomies could effectively improve the maxillofacial morphology and alleviate the overload in TMJ. The facial asymmetry and right chewing side preference could cause imbalanced stress distributions in the TMJs and interfere the surgical treatment.
Ultrasound–Driven Deposition of Au and Ag Nanoparticles on Citrus Pectin: Preparation and Characterisation of Antimicrobial Composites
Authors: Bucciol Fabio , Manzoli Maela , Zhang Chao , Di Nardo Giovanna , Gilardi Gianfranco , Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPectin is a renewable, non–toxic and biodegradable polymer made of galacturonic acid units. Its polar groups make it suitable for complexing and supporting metallic nanoparticles (NPs). This work aimed to produce antibacterial nanocomposites using pectin and acoustic cavitation. The metal NPs (Au or Ag) were deposited using ultrasound (US, 21 kHz, 50 W) and compared with those achieved with mechanical stirring. The impact of the reducing agents (NaBH4, ascorbic acid) on the dispersion and morphology of the resulting NPs was also assessed. Characterization by diffuse reflectance (DR) UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the use of US improves the dispersion and decreases the size of both Au and Ag NPs. Moreover, with Au NPs, avoiding external reductants led to smaller NPs and more uniform in size. The prepared NPs were functionalized with oxytetracycline in water and tested against Escherichia coli (gram negative) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive) via the Kirby–Bauer test. The results show a better antibacterial activity of the functionalized nanoparticles compared to antibiotic–free NPs and pure oxytetracycline, advising the potential of the nanoparticles as drug carriers. These findings underscore the significance of US‐assisted synthesis, paving the way to new environmentally friendly antimicrobial materials.
Optimized Transition Metal Phosphides for Direct Seawater Electrolysis: Current Trends
Authors: Li Yong , Xin Tianran , Cao Zongcheng , Zheng Weiran , He Peng , Yoon Suk Lee Lawrence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeawater electrolysis presents a viable route for sustainable large‐scale hydrogen production, yet its practical application is hindered by several technical challenges. These include the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution, poor stability, cation deposition at the cathode, electrode corrosion, and competing chloride oxidation at the anode. To overcome these obstacles, the development of innovative electrocatalysts is crucial. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising candidates owing to their superior catalytic performance and tunable structural properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in the structural engineering of TMPs tailored for efficient seawater electrolysis. We delve into the catalytic mechanisms underpinning hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in different pH conditions, along with the detrimental side reactions that impede hydrogen production efficiency. Several methods to prepare TMPs are then introduced. Additionally, detailed discussions on structural modifications and interface engineering tactics are presented, showcasing strategies to enhance the activity and durability of TMP electrocatalysts. By analyzing current research findings, our review aims to inform ongoing research endeavors and foster advancements in seawater electrolysis for practical and ecologically sound hydrogen generation.
Preparation of Sulfonyl Chlorides by Oxidative Chlorination of Thiols and Disulfides using HNO3/HCl/O2 in a Flow Reactor
Authors: Sulzer Niklas , Polterauer Dominik , Hone Christopher A. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA continuous flow metal‐free protocol for the synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols and disulfides in the presence of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and oxygen was developed. The influence of the reaction parameters was investigated under batch and flow conditions. Online 19F NMR was successfully implemented to investigate different reaction conditions within a single experiment. The sulfonyl chlorides were isolated (mostly in 70–81 % yield) after performing a simple aqueous washing procedure. In particular, the protocol was successfully operated for >6 hours to convert diphenyl disulfide to its corresponding sulfonyl chloride, achieving a throughput of 3.7 g h−1. The environmental impact of the protocol was assessed and compared to an existing continuous flow protocol using 1,3‐dichloro‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DCH) as reagent. The process mass intensity (PMI) for the newly‐developed flow protocol (15) compared favorably to the DCH flow process (20).
Elastic and breaking properties of epitaxial face‐centered crystals in neutron star crusts and white dwarf cores
Authors: Baiko D. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrystallization of dense matter in neutron star crusts and white dwarf cores may be similar to epitaxial crystal growth in terrestrial laboratories. However, in stellar crystals, the spacing between horizontal planes has to gradually increase with the outward movement of the crystallization front, tracing decrease of the electron density. This process produces Coulomb crystals with stretched rather than cubic elementary cells. We extend the analysis of the elastic and breaking properties of such crystals to the face‐centered (fc) lattice. Shear deformations orthogonal to the stretch direction have been studied for 22 crystallographic shear planes. A common property for all these planes is the reduction and eventual nulling of the breaking shear strain with deviation from the unstretched configuration. The effective shear moduli for deformations orthogonal to the stretch direction have been calculated. It is possible that the epitaxial crystallization in compact stars results in a formation of large‐scale crystallites or, at least, in growth of the whole crystallization front perpendicular to particular crystallographic planes. For fc structure growth orthogonal to the planes, we expect that, at any density, () of crystallite height is occupied by layers one (two) orders of magnitude weaker than the bulk of the crystallite. This may be important for realistic modeling of crustquakes on neutron stars.
Yuri L'vovich Klimontovich, his theory of fluctuations and its impact on the kinetic theory
Authors: Bonitz Michael , Zagorodny Anatoly 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYuri L'vovich Klimontovich (September 28, 1924–October 26, 2002) was an outstanding theoretical physicist who made major contributions to kinetic theory. On the occasion of his 100th birthday, we recall his main scientific achievements.