bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endophytische Pilze in Blättern und Ästen gesunder und geschädigter Buchen (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Sieber Von T. , Hugentobler C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Endophytic fungi in leaves and twigs of healthy and diseased beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface‐sterilized leaves and twigs of healthy and diseased trees. Three fungal species could be isolated frequently: Apiognomonia errabunda, Diaporthe eres and Bisporella sp. D. eres occurred in leaves of healthy trees more frequently, than in those of diseased trees. It has been hypothesized, that less capacity of water and nutrient uptake of diseased trees is responsible for this effect. A mutualistic symbiosis of A. errabunda and D. eres with beech trees is supposed and discussed.
Fungi occurring on forests injured by air pollutants in the Upper Silesia and Cracow industrial regions. X. Mycoflora of dying young trees of Alnus incana
Authors: Domański S. , Kowalski T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe results of a 10‐year study on the mortality of Alnus incana in the Upper Silesia industrial region (Poland) are presented in this paper. Fungi which infected the trees at different stages of the disease were identified. The most common were: Cryptospora suffusa, Hypoxylon fuscum, Peniophora cinerea, P. erikssonii, Pezicula cinnamomea, Tympanis alnea, and Valsa diatrypa.
Factors affecting Chondrostereum purpureum infection of Salix
Authors: Spiers A. G. , Hopcroft D. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFactors affecting Chondrostereum purpureum infection of Salix were studied in the laboratory and field. Basidiospores passively entered all xylem tissues but not cambial, phloem or bark tissues. A small number entered stems up to 70 mm from the wound surface although most were retained within tissues 30 mm from the surface. Basidiospores required free water for germination and the optimum temperature for germtube extension was 26°C. Hyphae ramified extensively throughout xylem tissues eventually plugging vessels. Cell walls and starch granules were penetrated with enzymatic assistance. The depth of C. purpureum penetration was affected by wound diameter and inoculum concentration but not stem age. Wounds of Salix were susceptible to C. purpureum throughout the year and greater depth of penetration was obtained using mycelium as inoculum than basidiospores. The depth of C. purpureum penetration decreased with duration of wound exposure prior to inoculation. A characteristic flora of saprophytic fungi and bacteria inhabited wound tissues.
High performance liquid chromatography determination of ergosterolas a measure of ectomycorrhiza infection in Scots pine
Authors: Salmanowicz By B. , Nylund J.‐E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA technique for determining the ergosterol content in mycorrhizal pine roots using HPLC was developed. Pure cultures of different my corrhizal fungi contained very similar and constant amounts of ergosterol, and calculations of fungal biomass in mycorrhizal roots based on ergosterol readings agreed well with results using other methods. The extraction and sample purification were simple and reliable. Consequently, the technique is considered practical wherever accurate estimates of the intensity of mycorrhizal infection are required.
Isolierung und Identifikation des Sesquiterpenalkohols (+/−)‐Torreyol aus Reinkulturen des Ektomykorrhizapilzes Cortinarius odorifer Britz
Authors: Egli Von S. , Gfeller H. , Bigler P. , Schlunegger U.‐P. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Isolation and identification of the sesquiterpene (+/−)‐Torreyol from pure cultures of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cortinarius odorifer Britz. Several strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cortinarius odorifer produce in pure culture crystals of the sesquiterpene (+/−)‐Torreyol. The identification has been made on the basis of spectral evidence.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Kronenschäden und dem Stärkegehalt der Wurzeln bei Fagus sylvatica L.
Authors: Von Wiebe S. , Blaschke H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCorrelation between root starch content and crown damage of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). During a research project on forest decline in European beech stands the starch content of woody roots apparently of healthy and trees with dieback symptoms were examined by a histochemical method developed by Wargo.A comparison of affected and apparently healthy trees indicated no correlation between starch content of coarse roots and damage class derived from crown symptoms. However, results of these preliminary studies on distribution of starch in the root system of European beech confirmed the data reported in the literature.
Effect of pruning intensity and season on Diplodia pinea infection of Pinus radiata stem through pruning wounds
Authors: Chou C. K. S. , MacKenzie M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a five‐year‐old Pinus radiata stand, trees were pruned to remove 50%, 40% or 25% of the crown and pruning stubs inoculated with Diplodia pinea. Infection occurred in 65–68% of the intensely pruned trees some of which also developed crown wilting and died, but in lightly pruned trees (25% crown removal) only 8% of the trees were infected and no mortality occurred.Pruning and inoculation every two weeks for a whole year cycle showed an infection peak in summer, but extremely low infection level during the rest of the year.A vertical gradient of resistance of infection was apparent along the stem with the basal part being extremely resistant, becoming more susceptible towards the top. Within limits infection also increased with increasing stub diameter.
Nutrient element and carbohydrate status of Norway spruce at Mt. Kleiner Feldberg in Taunus exposed to air pollution and soil acidification
Authors: Rothe G. M. , Weil H. , Geider M. , Pfennig P. , Wilhelmi V. , Maurer W. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA 17‐year‐old Norway‐spruce stand at Mt. Kleiner Feldberg (Taunus) was investigated. The mineral soil was found to be in the aluminum buffer range (pH H2O = 3.5) but the fine and very fine roots of injured and uninjured trees were sufficiently supplied with Ca and Mg. Mg‐deficiency, however, was observed in current‐year needles where the contents were 30 % and 45 % below standard values in uninjured and injured trees, respectively. In injured trees the severe Mg‐losses of current‐year needles coincided with a 20 to 60 % loss of the activities of a number of enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism and a significant reduction of the growth of current‐year twigs.
Observations on some Italian provenances of Melampsora populnea
Authors: Longo B. Naldini , Longo N. , Moriondo F. , Drovandi F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe presence of Melampsora larici˜tremulae Kleb. and M. pinitorqua Rostr. in the same area (Piz‐zorne, Lucca) was proved by studying differences between periods of teliospore germinability and by inoculations on pycnio‐aecial hosts.The life cycles and pathogcnicity of these two rusts were separately studied in a controlled environment and compared to those of M. larici‐tremulae from Bressanone and M. pinitorqua from Monticiano.
Responses of Sitka spruce callus to challenge with wood decay fungi
Authors: Woodward S. , Pearce R. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn dual cultures Sitka spruce callus inhibited the growth of several decay and mycorrhizal fungi. This effect was influenced by the quantities of plant growth regulators in the tissue culture medium: higher levels of auxin increased the inhibition, though this effect was partially suppressed by cyto‐kinins.Two compounds with antifungal activity were found in methanol extracts of callus. One of these was soluble in chloroform and present in small quantities in relation to its antifungal activity. The second, present in larger quantities, remained in the aqueous phase on partitioning, but was recovered into ethyl acetate after saturation with NaCl.The structural and histochemical responses of callus to direct application of fungal inoculum were also examined. Reactions were similar with all fungi used; cells adjacent to the inoculum became necrotic and their walls thickened. Groups of cells close to this zone became suberized. Also, an amorphous gel impregnated with phloroglucinol‐HCl reactive material was secreted into intercellular spaces around the necrotic region. Hyphae grew into the gel matrix, but did not penetrate the suberized tissues.
Influence of seed‐borne fungi on the nutrient composition and growth of conifer seedlings
Authors: Singh Pritam , Mittal R. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeed‐borne fungi induce conspicuous changes in the concentrations of various nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn), thus affecting the growth in height and biomass of seedlings of two conifer species. The data indicates that the changes may be caused by interference in the physiology of the infected seeds and seedlings. The response of the change in the nutrient levels and total height growth towards the pre‐chilling treatment of the seeds was not consistent to indicate any trend.
Effects of simulated acid rain and ABS on leaf surfaces of some broadleaf seedlings
Authors: Rinallo C. , Raddi P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLeaves of London plane, chestnut, walnut, Italian alder and ailanthus were exposed to simulated acid rain (pH 3.5) with and without the addition of ABS, from the first opening of buds to the full growth of leaves. Examination in the SEM showed that the leaves were damaged by the solution, more if it contained ABS. Damage observed included alteration and disarticulation of the glandular hairs and trichomas, erosion and fusion of the epicuticular waxes with consequent occlusion of the stomata, and neoplastic formations in the mesophyll (“galls”). The degree of damage suffered also varied with the species.
Feinwurzelmasse und Mykorrhiza von Altbuchen (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Waldschadensgebieten Bayerns
Authors: Vincent J.‐M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Feeder root biomass and mycorrhizae of old beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) in bavarian forest die‐back areas. The feeder root biomass (roots = 2 mm diameter) and the quantity of mycorrhizae of apparently healthy and diseased old beech trees were determined in 7 stands in Bavaria. Canopy die‐back correlated with reduction of the feeder root biomass and of mycorrhizae in the topsoil. In the deeper layers of the soil (below 50 cm) there were nearly no differences between the decline classes lor these parameters. The feeder root damage described were encountered in all stand types. For that reason, such damage can be considered, at least for comparable stands, as a general symptom of above ground diseased old beech trees.
Sulfur dioxide‐induced growth changes in Eucalyptus calophylla
Authors: Murray F. , Wilson Susan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Eucalyptus calophylla Lindley exposed to two levels of sulfur dioxide continuously for 120 days in open top chambers, showed contrasting changes in resource partitioning. Exposure to 125 μg m−3 of SO2 had an apparent fertilization effect with increase in the weight of stems and total above ground plant weight whereas 261 μg m−3 had a toxic effect with a reduction in the total number of leaves. SO2 had no effect on leaf protein or chlorophyll concentration nor on visible injury.
Phacidium infestans
Authors: Roll‐Hansen F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Phacidium injestans P. Karsten sensu lato may be divided into two varieties: the Eurasian Ph. infestans var. infestans and the American‐Japanese variety Ph. infestans var. abietis Dearness. Ph. infestans var. infestans includes a northern and a southern group, both fruiting on two‐ and five‐needled pines, the northern also very seldom fruiting on Abies and Juniperus. Disease caused by the fungus, diaspores, resistance of the hosts, influence of snow cover and of ground vegetation, and control are dealt with in detail for the northern group. Ph. infestans var. abietis includes two formac speciales: the North American Ph. infestans var. abietis f. sp. abietis on Abies and Pseudotsuga, and the Japanese Ph. infestans var. abietis f. sp. piceae on Abies, Picea, and pinus.
Intersterilitätsgruppen und Klone von Heterobasidion annosum in einem 31jährigen Fichtenbestand1
Authors: Siepmann R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Intersterility groups and clones of Heterobasidion annosum in a 31 years old Norway spruce stand. H. annosum isolates from roots of 13 spruce trees growing in close neighbourhood be longed to the P group (from five roots) and to the S group (from 44 roots). The clone identifications revealed colonisation via root contacts.
Physiologische Reaktionen der Fichte (Picea abies) auf komplexen SO2‐ und Trockenstreß
Authors: Tesche M. , Feiler Sonja , Michael Gerda , RANFT H. , Bellmann Christa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhysiological reactions of spruce (Picea abies) on complex SO2‐ and drought‐induced stress. Part 1: Reactions caused by simultaneous effect of SO2 and drought. To indicate stress a certain number of physiological and biochemical parameters were used on young spruces. Simultaneous SO2 and drought‐induced stress under the given stress intensities leads to a reduction in the SO2‐uptake, whereby the stress effect is somewhat reduced as compared with SO2‐stress alone. The parameters used for the indication of stress show synergistic, antagonistic as well as superimposing types of reactions.
Physiologische Reaktionen der Fichte (Picea abies) auf komplexen SO2‐ und Trockenstreß
Authors: Michael Gerda , Tesche M. , Feiler Sonja , Ranft H. , Bellmann Christa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhysiological reactions of spruce (Picea abies) on complex SO2‐ and drought‐induced stress. Part 2: Responses of drought‐induced spruces to subsequent SC2‐stress. Changes in the reactivity of spruce saplings to SO2‐stress as a result of preceding sublethal drought‐induced stress were investigated. Of the tested physiological and biochemical parameters some values of water balance still reflected the drought‐induced stress. The drought‐induced response of the saplings to SO2 became particularly obvious in an increase of the osmotic potential. A stressreducing effect of the preceding drought on the response of young spruces to SO2 could not be observed.
Über die Wirtsspezialisierung von Armillaria‐Arten1
Authors: Siepmann R. , Leibiger Marion 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn the host‐specification of Armillaria species.DiploidArmillariaisolates from rhizomorphs in a large beech stand (1), from rhizomorphs in a small Norway spruce stand (surrounded by beech forests) (2), and from the roots of Norway spruces in a large spruce stand (3) were identified by mating them with haploid testers.Armillaria bulbosaoccurred in (1),A. cepistipes, A. obscuraandA. bulbosain (2), andA. borealisandA. obscurain (3). — In infection experiments with three‐year‐old Norway spruces and Scots pinesA. obscuraandA, melleawere of high pathogenicity,A. borealisof medium, andA. bulbosaof low pathogenicity.
Physiologische Reaktionen der Fichte (Picea abies) auf komplexen SO2‐ und Trockenstreß
Authors: Feiler Sonja , Tesche M. , Michael Gerda , Ranft H. , Bellmann Christa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhysiological reactions of spruce (Picea abies) on complex SO2‐ and drought‐induced stress. Part 3. Responses of SO2‐stressed spruces to subsequent drought‐induced stress. SO2‐stressed spruces under drought‐stress showed less reduced water content, less increased osmotical potential and less restricted photosynthesis compared to spruces without preceding SO2‐stress and thus seemed to be in a better physiological situation. Their ability to retain water (in cut‐off twigs) as well as their ability to withstand a quick and strong water‐loss in the needle‐tissue without cell‐damage were reduced. Reasons for the temporarily favourable effect of a pre‐going SO2‐stress in surviving a drought‐stress are discussed.
Morphological and cultural variation of Seiridium spp. from cankered Cupressaceae hosts in New Zealand
Authors: Chou C. K. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies of Seiridium. spp. isolated from cankered cypresses and related hosts in New Zealand indicate that only 2 species are present, namely, 5. unicorne and 5. cardinale, following sdtton, and not 3 species as proposed by boesewinkel. Apart from a difference in the presence/absence of conidial appendages, the two pathogens are similar in many biological characteristics. Isolates of S. unicorne showed a continuum of variation in conidial size and cultural morphology making it difficult to justify splitting of the species.
Trehalose synthesis in mycorrhiza of Norway spruce: an indicator of vitality
Authors: Niederer M. , Pankow W. , Wiemken A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExcised mycorrhizae of spruce trees, grouped according to state of development and integrity, were tested for their ability to produce fungal and plant specific, soluble carbohydrates from glucose. Trehalose was the principal sugar formed. A strong correlation was found between the rate of trehalose synthesis and the proportion of intact, turgid, young and vigorous appearing mycorrhizae.
Screening for resistance to cypress canker (Seiridium cardinale) in three Greek provenances of Cupressus sempervirens
Authors: Xenopoulos S. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA test involving field‐inoculation of three year‐old cypress seedlings was evaluated to find clones resistant to Seriatim cardinale. A satisfactory proportion of resistant trees was found, but it was significant different among three provenances and also among families. Best results were obtained from the provenance of Sames, followed in decreasing order by the provenances of Rhodes and Krete.
Relative effectiveness of Scolytus scolytus, S. multistriatus and S. kirschi as vectors of Dutch elm disease
Authors: Webber Joan F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree scolytid species consistently associated with Dutch elm disease were assessed and compared for their effectiveness as vectors ofOphiostoma ulmi.Assessments were based on the number of beetles within a sample carrying any detectable O.ulmi, the number of O.ulmispores carried by individual beetles and the number of discrete gallery systems colonised by O.ulmi.
Einfluß von Immissionen auf die Ethenproduktion und den Primärstoffwechsel von Fichten (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)
Authors: Hohendorff Ulrike , Vogels K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInfluence of air pollutants on the ethylene production and the primary metabolism of spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.).The stimulation of ethylene production, the reduction of chlorophyll contents, and the decrease of apparent photosynthesis of three‐year old spruce clones exposed to SO2 and O3 singly and in combination in climatic chambers are comparable to the physiological changes of damaged spruce trees in the Black Forest and in the Fichtel Gebirge.Long‐term fumigation experiments with various combinations of SO2 and O3 show that even low concentrations stimulate stress ethylene production and depress the apparent photosynthesis.
IAA oxidase, peroxidase, and barrier zone formation in red maple
Authors: Smith K. T. , Shortle W. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWounding the cambium of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) altered peroxidase isoenzymes and enhanced the activities of peroxidase and indole‐3‐acetic acid oxidase in homogenates of adjacent cambial tissue. Four separate experiments were conducted, in May and July in each of two successive years. Wounds made in July caused greater increases in enzyme activity than those made in May. Alterations in peroxidase isoenzyme pattern were consistent for all experiments. These changes are intrepretable as aspects of the molecular regulation of barrier zone formation.
The effect of Armillaria attack on the nutrient status of Inland Douglas‐fir
Authors: Entry J. A. , Hagli Susan K. , Cromack K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNutrient status, sapwood basal area (SBA) and sapwood to heartwood basal area (S/H) were measured on second growth Pseudotsuga menztesn trees in western Montana. Armillaria‐infected trees had significantly lower S/H ratios, growth, and foliar N and S concentrations than noninfected trees. Our results indicate a general influence of Armillaria infection on nutrient content and physiological status of P. menziesü trees. However, these measurements are not a reliable method to determine the extent of infection.
Occurrence of decay‐associated xylem suberization in a range of woody species
Authors: Pearce R. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSuberization responses to naturally‐occurring fungal colonization of living xylem tissues were detected in 30 of 37 woody species examined. These responses comprised the suberization of traumatic parenchyma tissues in compartmentalization wall 4 barrier zones laid down in the vicinity of fungally infected wounds, or the suberization of parenchyma cells, tyloses and vessel linings in reaction zone decay margins in fully differentiated sapwood. Additionally, in a few species, suberization of xylem fibres and tracheids was observed where juvenile xylem tissues, apparently still incompletely differentiated, had been exposed by wounding. These xylem suberization responses are considered to increase the decay resistance of the altered cells, and may protect the hydraulic integrity of adjacent tissue, thus contributing to the antimicrobial defence of the living sapwood.
Rhizoctonia solani, a potentially dangerous pathogen of khasi pine and hardwoods in forest nurseries in India
Authors: Mehrotra M. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe paper describes top flagging of Pinus kesiya and leaf web blight of 24 broad‐leaved tree species caused by Rhizoctonia solani Khun anamorph of Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk in forest nurseries in India. Damage to the foliage resulting in premature defoliation at the peak of growing season is highlighted. Infection, epidemiology and disease management are discussed.
Independent photosynthetic response of exposed and unexposed twigs of the same spruce tree to car exhaust
Authors: Ziegler‐Jöns A. , Kammerbauer H. , Drenkard S. , Hock B. , Knoppik D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the present paper, we address the question whether the injuries of acute toxic concentrations of exhaust emissions are due to systemic effects or are rather the result of localized and direct effects upon the needles. Twigs from exposed spruce trees, which had been prevented from contact with the exhaust emissions, did not show any decrease of photosynthetic or transpiration rates within four weeks. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also not affected in these parts, while it was severely impaired in the exposed twigs.
Histopathology of longleaf pine needles infected by Ploioderma hedgcockii (Dearn.) Darker
Authors: Jewell F. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe histopathology of Ploioderma hedgcockii on longleaf pine needles was examined. Abnormal host tissue was confined to the visible lesion and to tissues external to the endodermis where collapse of mesophyll cells was the predominant abnormality. Resin ducts exhibited necrosis and dissolution of epithelial cells. l Hyphae, intra‐ and intercellular, were frequent to profuse in inter‐cellular spaces resulting from mesophyll cell collapse. Hyphae were external to the endodermis and appeared limited to the symptomatic tissue by an intercellular matrix at the lesion bound‐aries Hysterotheca were subepidermal and appeared seated on the hypodermis. Asci appeared contain foui “two‐stage” ascospores. The presence of a toxin was not indicated in the host/pathogen relationship.