bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the Stokes problem based on an artificial compressibility flux
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this work, we propose and analyse a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the Stokes problem based on an artificial compressibility numerical flux. A crucial step in the definition of a DG method is the choice of the numerical fluxes, which affect both the accuracy and the order of convergence of the method. We propose here to treat the viscous and the inviscid terms separately. The former is discretized using the well‐known BRMPS method. For the latter, the problem is locally modified by adding an artificial compressibility term of the form (1/c2)(∂p/∂t) for the sole purpose of interface flux computation. The flux is obtained as the exact solution of a local Riemann problem. The analysis of the method extends the well‐established strategies for the DG discretization of the Laplacian to the resulting partially coercive problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal cortical activation during response inhibition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gothelf Doron , Hoeft Fumiko , Hinard Christine , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Van Dover Stoecker John , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Morris Michael A. , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a well‐known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. The catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene falls within the 22q11.2 minimal critical region of the deletion. Brain activity, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a Go/NoGo, response inhibition task was assessed in adolescents with 22q11.2DS (n = 13), typically developing (TD) controls (n = 14), and controls with developmental disability (DD, n = 9). Subjects with 22q11.2DS were also genotyped for the COMT Met/Val polymorphism. Groups did not differ on task performance. However, compared to both control groups, the 22q11.2DS group showed greater brain activation within left parietal regions. Comparison of brain activation between 22q11.2DS Met and Val subgroups revealed significantly increased activation (Met>Val) in the cingulate but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These preliminary findings suggest that adolescents with 22q11.2DS compensate for executive dysfunction via recruitment of parietal regions. Further, the COMT Met subgroup of 22q11.2DS may recruit additional cingulate activation for tasks requiring attention and inhibition. 22q11.2DS is a unique model for learning about the deleterious effects of decreased dosage of the COMT gene on brain function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and operative management of persistent hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Gilat Hanna , Feinmesser Raphael , Vinkler Yanush , Morgenstern Sara , Shvero Jacob , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground.Persistent (tertiary) hyperparathyroidism (TH) after renal transplantation may cause considerable morbidity and necessitate parathyroidectomy. This study investigated the characteristics of this patient subgroup.Methods.The medical data and pathology specimens of 20 kidney transplant recipients who underwent parathyroidectomy for TH in 2001 to 2004 were reviewed.Results.Treatment consisted of subtotal resection of 3.5 glands in 13 patients, resection of 3 to 3.5 glands under intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (iPTH) in 5 patients, and selective resection in 2 patients with markedly asymmetric gland enlargement. Eighteen patients had hyperplasia—diffuse in 10, nodular in 4, or both in 2; 2 patients had 1 large nodule in every gland. Six patients had postoperative complications. Follow‐up of 2 years revealed recurrent hypercalcemia in 1 patient and a high level of PTH (>60 pg/mL) in 12.Conclusion.Subtotal resection for TH may be insufficient. The use of iPTH monitoring is recommended. Renal transplant recipients have distinctive characteristics and require special perioperative attention. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Hydrometeorological effects of intercepted snow in an eastern Siberian taiga forest using a land‐surface model
Authors: Yamazaki Takeshi , Yabuki Hironori , Ohata Tetsuo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study investigates the hydrometeorological effects of intercepted snow in an intensely cold region. Observation of meteorological and hydrological elements in severely cold conditions, such as those in Siberia, is very difficult. One such typical element is that of snow interception. Therefore, this study applies a land surface model, which includes a relatively simple interception model for snowfall, to a taiga forest in eastern Siberia that is dominated by deciduous larch. The simulation demonstrates that solid water storage in the canopy is present from October to March. The finding concurs with photographs of the study site. Intercepted snow and ice decrease rapidly in March because of sublimation. Evaporation is low (0·01–0·05 mm day−1) in midwinter because the air temperature is very low. The average ratio of interception evaporation to precipitation is 0·16 in winter (October–March), 0·03–0·09 in midwinter, and 0·57 in March. Net radiation roughly balances with the sensible heat flux in midwinter. The albedo is almost constant at 0·35 in midwinter. Frost is negligible on the canopy in these simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of MOD16 algorithm using MODIS and ground observational data in winter wheat field in North China Plain
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Wang Qinxue , Ouyang Zhu , Watanabe Masataka , Matsushita Bunkei , Fukushima Takehiko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is an important factor for understanding hydrological processes and climate dynamics. Remote sensing is considered as the most promising tool for estimation of ET over a large spatial scale. The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the MOD16 algorithm, developed by Nishida et al. (2003a,b), in winter wheat fields by using MODIS land products, MOD11‐land surface temperature and MOD13‐standard normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as well as observations at the Yucheng Experimental Station, China in 2002. The original MOD16 is a dual‐source ET model in which the evaporation fraction (EF) for bare soil surface is estimated using the VI‐Ts diagram method, and EF for vegetation is determined by a function of canopy resistance, aerodynamic resistance and air temperature. We analysed a radiation budget sub‐model and found that the estimate for solar radiation is acceptable only on cloud‐free days. We also found that, in the original MOD16, seasonal variations of minimum canopy resistance and physiological temperatures are not considered, which results in overestimation of canopy resistance when leaf area index (LAI) is less than 2·5. Because the strong unstable thermal stratification over the dry bare soil surface is ignored in the original algorithm, wind speed is overestimated and aerodynamic resistance above the vegetation surface is underestimated. We then modified the original MOD16 algorithm. The result shows that both EF and ET for vegetation estimated with the modified algorithm are in consistent with both the observations of an eddy covariance system and the calculations using the Penman‐Monteith method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model for flood inundation simulation: a case study in the lower Mekong river basin
Authors: Dutta Dushmanta , Alam Jahangir , Umeda Kazuo , Hayashi Masayoshi , Hironaka Sadayuki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe lower Mekong basin is frequently affected by floods. Prolonged floods disrupt daily activities and cause huge socio‐economic damage almost every year. An advanced flood warning system could provide achievable non‐structural measures for reducing such damages. With a view to developing an advanced flood warning system, a distributed hydrodynamic modelling approach has been adopted for simulating a flood inundation phenomenon in the lower Mekong basin. A modelling system with a one‐dimensional (1‐D) river flow model and a two‐dimensional (2‐D) surface flow model has been used for simulating flood inundation. In the model, exchange of flows between the river and surface floodplain is calculated through established links, which determine the overflow from river nodes to surface grids or vice versa. These occur due to overtopping or failure of the levee when water height surpasses levee height. The model has incorporated detailed information about urban terrain features like embankments, roads, bridges, culverts, etc. in the simulation. A geographical information system (GIS)‐based comprehensive raster database of different spatial data layers is prepared and used in the model development. An explicit solution scheme is used for numerical computation, which considerably reduces the run time and makes the model suitable for use as a flood warning system in a large river basin. The model simulated results in the lower Mekong basin have shown close alignment with the observed data in terms of water level and discharge in various river gauging stations and flood extents in the floodplain and from the results it can be inferred that the model can predict the magnitude and duration of flood inundation to a reasonable level of accuracy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citrinin and endosulfan induced maternal toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: pathomorphological study
Authors: Singh Nittin D. , Sharma Anil K. , Dwivedi Prabhaker , Patil Rajendra D. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDietary exposures to environmental food pollutants such as mycotoxin(s) or pesticide(s) have gained immense significance due to their adverse effects on production and reproduction in animal and human populations. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the maternal toxicity of citrinin (CIT) and endosulfan administered per os either alone or in combination in pregnant rats during gestational days 6–20. CIT (group I, 10 mg kg−1 feed, through diet) and endosulfan (group II, 1 mg kg−1 body weight, by oral intubation) when administered either alone or in combination (group III) in Wistar rats caused clinical signs of toxicity and pathomorphological changes in all the toxin treated groups, the severity being more pronounced in the combination treatment compared with that observed in the control (group IV). The rate of fetal resorptions was highest (22.22%) in the combination treatment followed by endosulfan (16.48%) and CIT (12.50%) treatment groups compared with the control group (3.86%). The histopathological changes such as engorged vasculature, vacuolar degeneration and karyomegaly in liver; congestion, tubular degeneration and cast formation in kidneys; vascular changes and hemosiderosis in uterus and lymphocytic depletion and apoptosis in the lymphoid organs were recorded in the animals of the toxin treated groups. The lesions were consistent and more severe in the combination treatment group compared with the individual treatment groups, suggesting an additive interaction of CIT and endosulfan in inducing maternal toxicity in Wistar rats. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicogenomics: a pivotal piece in the puzzle of toxicological research
Authors: Gatzidou Elisavet T. , Zira Athina N. , Theocharis Stamatios E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractToxicogenomics, resulting from the merge of conventional toxicology with functional genomics, being the scientific field studying the complex interactions between the cellular genome, toxic agents in the environment, organ dysfunction and disease state. When an organism is exposed to a toxic agent the cells respond by altering the pattern of gene expression. Genes are transcribed into mRNA, which in turn is translated into proteins that serve in a variety of cellular functions. Toxicogenomics through microarray technology, offers large‐scale detection and quantification of mRNA transcripts, related to alterations in mRNA stability or gene regulation. This may prove advantageous in toxicological research. In the present review, the applications of toxicogenomics, especially to mechanistic and predictive toxicology are reported. The limitations arising from the use of this technology are also discussed. Additionally, a brief report of other approaches, using other ‐omic technologies (proteomics and metabonomics) that overcome limitations and give global information related to toxicity, is included. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directing endothelial differentiation of human embryonic stem cells via transduction with an adenoviral vector expressing the VEGF165 gene
Authors: Rufaihah Abdul Jalil , Haider Husnain Khawaja , Heng Boon Chin , Ye Lei , Toh Wei Seong , Tian Xian Feng , Lu Kai , Sim Eugene Kwang‐Wei , Cao Tong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEndothelial progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold much promise in clinical therapy. Conventionally, lineage‐specific differentiation of hESCs is achieved through supplementation of various cytokines and chemical factors within the culture milieu. Nevertheless, this is a highly inefficient approach that is often limited by poor replicability. An alternative is through genetic modulation with recombinant DNA. Hence, this study investigated whether transduction of hESCs with an adenoviral vector expressing the human VEGF165 gene (Ad‐hVEGF165) can enhance endothelial‐lineage differentiation. The hESCs were induced to form embryoid bodies (EBs) by culturing them within low‐attachment plates for 7 days, and were subsequently trypsinized into single cells, prior to transduction with Ad‐hVEGF165. Optimal transduction efficiency with high cell viability was achieved by 4‐h exposure of the differentiating hESCs to viral particles at a ratio of 1 : 500 for three consecutive days. ELISA results showed that Ad‐hVEGF165‐transduced cells secreted human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) for more than 30 days post‐transduction, peaking on day 8, and the conditioned medium from the transduced cells stimulated extensive proliferation of HUVEC. Real‐time PCR analysis showed positive upregulation of VEGF, Ang‐1, Flt‐1, Tie‐2, CD34, CD31, CD133 and Flk‐1 gene expression in Ad‐hVEGF165‐transduced cells. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis of CD133 cell surface marker revealed an approximately 5‐fold increase in CD133 marker expression in Ad‐hVEGF165‐transduced cells compared to the non‐transduced control. Hence, this study demonstrated that transduction of differentiating hESCs with Ad‐hVEGF165 facilitated expression of the VEGF transgene, which in turn significantly enhanced endothelial differentiation of hESCs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joseph Jastrow, the psychology of deception, and the racial economy of observation
Authors: Pettit Michael 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article reconstructs the recurring themes in the career of Joseph Jastrow, both inside and outside the laboratory. His psychology of deception provides the bridge between his experimental and popular pursuits. Furthermore, Jastrow's career illustrates the complex ways in which scientific psychology and pragmatist philosophy operated within the constraints of a moral economy deeply marked by notions of “race.” Psychological investigations of deception were grafted onto two of the human sciences' leading tools: the evolutionary narrative and the statistical analysis of populations. Such associations abetted the racialization of the acts of deceiving and being deceived. These connections also were used to craft moral lessons about how individuals ought to behave in relationship to the aggregate population and natural selection's endowment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental metamorphosis of Halisarca dujardini larvae (Demospongiae, Halisarcida): Evidence of flagellated cell totipotentiality
Authors: Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Konjukov Paul , Willenz Philippe 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe potency of flagellated cells of Halisarca dujardini (Halisarcida, Demospongiae) larvae from the White Sea (Arctic) was investigated experimentally during metamorphosis. Two types of experiments were conducted. First, larvae were maintained in Ca2+ free seawater (CFSW) until the internal cells were released outside through the opening of the posterior pole. These larvae that only composed of flagellated cells (epithelial larvae) were then returned to sea water (SW) to observe their metamorphosis. The posterior aperture closed before they settled on a substratum and started a metamorphosis similar to intact larvae. Secondly, epithelial larvae were, first, further treated in CFSW and then mechanically dissociated. Separated cells or groups of cells were returned to SW, where they constituted large friable conglomerates. After 12–17 h in SW, flagellated cells showed the first steps of dedifferentiation, and regional differentiation was noticeable within conglomerates after approximately 24–36 h. External cells differentiated into pinacocytes while internal cells kept their flagella and became united in a layer. Within 48–72 h, internal cells of the conglomerates formed spherical or ovoid clusters with an internal cavity bearing flagella. These clusters further fused together in a rhagon containing one or two large choanocyte chambers. The sequence of cellular processes in epithelial larvae and in flagellated cell conglomerates was similar. Previous observations indicating the totipotentiality of larval flagellated cells during normal metamorphosis of H. dujardini are thus confirmed. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coherent laser spectroscopy of molecular motions in liquids in the maser range
Authors: Bunkin A. F. , Pershin S. M. , Nurmatov A. A. , Gorchakov A. P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe terahertz and subterahertz four‐photon spectroscopy of liquids gives the opportunity to study large volume samples in native conditions. We present the experimental measurements by this technique of the low‐wavenumber molecular motion in water and some aqueous solution. In fact, the coherent librations of H2O molecules in liquid water as well as aqueous solutions of H2O2 and a protein in the microwave range (0.1–100 cm−1) are observed. A satisfactory correlation of the observed resonances with the rotational spectra of H2O molecule in the gas phase is found. Moreover the lines of ortho‐ and para‐isomers of H2O molecule were identified. We have found that the protein molecules in water interact selectively with the spin isomers of H2O. There is a strong suppression of the rotational motion of the para‐isomers and their respective line intensities, with a corresponding magnification by a factor of 8 by the ortho species. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman scattering characterization of nanopowders and nanowires (rods)
Authors: Popović Z. V. , Dohčević‐Mitrović Z. , Konstantinović M. J. , Šćepanović M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe study nanograin size confinement effects, the effect of the increase of local temperature and strain, and substitutional and nonstoichiometry effects on the Raman spectra in Ce(Ba,Nd,Gd)O2 nanopowders obtained by self‐propagating, room‐temperature synthesis, and silicon nanowires obtained by the electrochemical etching process. The local temperature was monitored by measuring the Stokes/anti‐Stokes peak ratio. We found large wavenumber shifts, up to 10 (30) cm−1, and broadenings, up to 40 (20) cm−1, of the first‐order Raman‐active modes of Ce(M)O2 (n‐Si), which we attribute to confinement and strain effects (laser heating). The phonon softening and phonon linewidth are calculated using a phenomenological model, which takes into account disorder effects through the breakdown of the k = 0 Raman‐scattering selection rule, and also anharmonicity, which is incorporated through the three‐ and four‐phonon anharmonic processes. Very good agreement with experimental data is obtained for the calculated spectra of CeO2 with nanograin sizes of about 7 nm, taking into account particle size distribution, as well as an increase in the anisotropy constants with respect to those of bulk materials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four‐photon laser spectroscopy of fused quartz and crown glass at 0–60 GHz
Authors: Bunkin A. , Pershin S. , Nurmatov A. , Luk'yanchenko V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe low wavenumber spectra of fused quartz and crown glass K8 in the range 0.1–2 cm−1 at room temperature were measured by the four‐wave mixing technique. The experimental scheme is based on using both second harmonics of a neodynium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) pulsed laser and dye laser as a tuning source. The pulse‐to‐pulse deviation of the dye laser frequency is used to obtain the derivative spectra as an additional data source. It was established that the spectra contain a number of narrow (⩽0.1 cm−1) lines. The data could be fitted only by assuming that the Brillouin resonances on longitudinal and transverse sound, as well as the distinct resonances at ∼1.5 cm−1, which can be attributed to hydroxyl (OH) molecular rotations, were involved in the four‐photon scattering process. The fine structure of the Rayleigh wing scattering in fused quartz was observed for the first time. The detected lines, 0.165 cm−1 and 0.26 cm−1 (5.0 and 7.8 GHz, respectively), are attributed to the spheroidal modes ν20 and ν30 of SiO2 spheres with a diameter 880 ± 30 nm. The closely lying eigen modes ν00, ν10 and ν12 are unresolved with a central peak at ± 0.1 cm−1. The 0.4 cm−1 resonance lines in crown glass is attributed to be a manifestation of four‐photon scattering from a second sound phonon. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman and X‐ray investigations of the incorporation of Ca2+ and Cd2+ in the ZrO2 structure
Authors: Gazzoli Delia , Mattei Giorgio , Valigi Mario 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe formation of solid solution and ZrO2 phase stabilization were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in calcium‐containing and cadmium‐containing zirconium oxide samples heated at 1073 K in air. The adopted preparation procedure led to the incorporation of calcium and cadmium in solid solution into the zirconia structure. The solid solution favored the tetragonal and cubic zirconia phases at the expense of the thermodynamically stable monoclinic modification. Combined macro‐ and micro‐Raman spectroscopy disclosed that instead of forming a homogeneous phase t″, intermediate between the tetragonal t′ and the cubic phase, the tetragonal and cubic phases coexisted in the range 9.49–13.89 mol% for Ca and 11.88–17.23 mol% for Cd. At higher dopant contents the cubic form stabilized. The impurity content necessary to stabilize the high‐symmetry phases was defined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled monolayers of mercaptosuccinic acid on silver and gold surfaces designed for protein binding. Part I: structure of the monolayer
Authors: Królikowska Agata , Bukowska Jolanta 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStructure of the monolayers of mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) on silver and gold electrodes, grown from aqueous solution, has been studied using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. It was found that MSA chemisorbs via both sulfur atom and one carboxylic group (more close to the sulfur atom) dissociated on the Ag and Au at natural pH (slightly acidic). The influence of the type of the substrate, pH of the solution and time of incubation of the thiol monolayer have been investigated. SERS results show that acidity of one carboxylic group of MSA (more close to the sulfur) decreases on both substrates with simultaneous increase of acidity of the second COOH group, in comparison to the solution. For silver substrate, longer time of incubation is necessary to form a stable monolayer, whereas the structure of monolayer on gold does not exhibit temporal evolution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.