bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TARGET GLAND INSUFFICIENCY AND PITUITARY TUMOURS
Authors: Leiba Sara , Landau Baruch , Ber Artur 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three patients with pituitary tumours are described. The first is a patient with myxoedema who 28 years ago was treated for thyrotoxicosis with irradiation of the thyroid gland. It is the author's opinion that the long-standing hypothyroidism may have induced a hypersecretion of TSH and secondary hyperplasia of the pituitary gland which resulted in an enlargement of the sella. The second patient presented signs of a pituitary tumour with a compression of the chiasma and hypofunction of the thyroid and gonads. One year previously she had a febrile disease diagnosed as morbili. After she was treated with substitution therapy with thyroid hormones there was an improvement in her condition, with disappearance of the ocular signs of the glandular insufficiency. It is assumed that this patient developed a primary hypothyroidism due to thyroiditis which probably induced a mucopolysaccharide infiltration around the pituitary gland. This infiltration in turn resulted in the rapid enlargement of the sella and signs of compression of the optic chiasma. Thyroid therapy probably caused disappearance of the mucopolysaccharides infiltration with a consequent return of the ocular signs to normal. The sella remained enlarged.
The third patient also presented an enlarged sella. The pituitary gland produced high levels of gonadotrophins, but the levels of GH, ACTH and TSH were normal. The patient had premature ovarian failure. In this case the tumour was discovered when the patient was still menstruating. This tumour seems to be of a dependent type since oestrogen therapy induced inhibition of the high levels of gonadotrophins.
It is suggested that the prolonged subnormal levels of oestrogens stimulated the development of the pituitary tumour.
The relation between the target gland insufficiency and the development of the pituitary tumours is discussed.
CHROMOPHOBE PITUITARY ADENOMA WITH ACROMEGALY AND TSH-INDUCED HYPERTHYROIDISM ASSOCIATED WITH PARATHYROID ADENOMA
Authors: Lamberg B.-A. , Ripatti J. , Gordin A. , Juustila H. , Sivula A. , Björkesten G. af 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The simultaneous occurrence of acromegaly, hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism is extremely rare and even that of acromegaly and hyperparathyroidism very unusual. Chromophobe adenomata producing either acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome or hyperthyroidism have been described in a limited number of cases.
A unique case of a patient with acromegaly, hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism and a chromophobe pituitary adenoma was studied. In the blood an unusually high level of thyrotrophin (TSH) was found (about 2 mU/ml) but no »long-acting thyroid stimulator« (LATS). The TSH activity remained unaffected by thyroidectomy and by treatment with triiodothyronine but was not found in the blood after surgical hypophysectomy. The pituitary tumour contained TSH only about 20 mU/209 mg weight of tissue, i. e. less than is found in normal human pituitary glands. There was evidence of inadequate secretion of corticotrophin and gonadotrophins. The evidence suggests that both the acromegaly and the hyperthyroidism were caused by increased production of growth hormone (STH) and TSH by the pituitary tumour. The hyperparathyroidism was due to a parathyroid adenoma.
In four other acromegalic but euthyroid patients no TSH or LATS activity could be detected in the blood. In these patients the protein-bound iodine (PBI), free thyroxine and triiodothyronine-Sephadex uptake tests were normal. In addition in one of these patients, hyperparathyroidisni due to a parathyroid adenoma was observed. The occurrence of a parathyroid adenoma in acromegaly may be one facet of the multiple endocrine adenoma syndrome.
In all 5 subjects the hydroxyproline in serum and urine was increased.
THE EFFECTS OF OESTROGENS ON BLUING LESIONS BY BRADYKININ AND HISTAMINE
Authors: Ishioka Tadao , Honda Yumiko , Sagara Atsushi , Shimamoto Takio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anti-bradykinin effect of oestrogens in the vascular permeability-increasing effect of bradykinin in the skin of rabbits was demonstrated by Miles and Miles's technique, i. e. by the so-called bluing lesions. Thus,
The sizes of the bluing lesions induced by 0.01 μg of bradykinin were significantly reduced by conjugated oestrogens obtained from the urine of pregnant mares (Premarin) in a concentration of 0.2 μg, by synthetic oestrogens, namely hexoestrol in a concentration of 0.01 μg and oestriol dihemisuccinate (Styptanon) in a concentration of 2.0 μg, which were mixed in the same dose of bradykinin (P < 0.05), and the bradykinin-antagonistic effect of oestrogens was shown in each suitable concentrations. The larger and smaller doses of oestrogens reduced the sizes of the bluing lesions; however, the reduction was smaller than those obtained by their suitable concentrations and was not statistically significant. Conjugated oestrogens which were mixed in 0.1 μg and 0.001 μg of histamine failed to reduce the sizes of the bluing lesions induced by the same doses of histamine.
THE UPTAKE OF (6,7-3H) 17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL
Authors: Hawkins R. A. , Heald P. J. , Taylor Patricia 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A limited investigation of the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues of the adult laying hen has been made at differing times after intravenous injection of (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol. Uptake by all tissues examined was maximal between 2.0 and 4.0 minutes after injection. There was a marked retention of radioactivity by the oviduct and the liver. Of cerebral tissues examined the uptake of radioactivity was greatest in the pituitary gland. This uptake varied according to the physiological state of the bird. Calculations based on the rates of clearance of intravenous (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol indicate that in the adult bird the rate of secretion by the ovary is of the order of 1–2.0 mg oestradiol/24 h.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN RATS BEARING HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS OF MAMMILLARY AND SUPRA-CHIASMATIC NUCLEI
Authors: Rüedi Bernard A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis has been made in rats bearing bilateral lesions of the lateral mammillary nuclei or of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. There was no significant change in the germinal cell counts in lesioned rats as compared either with normal or with sham operated rats.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD THYROTROPHIN LEVEL, PROTEIN BOUND IODINE AND FREE THYROXINE CONCENTRATION IN MAN UNDER NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Lemarchand-Béraud Th. , Vannotti A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study of the thyroid-pituitary interrelationships in normal healthy subjects is carried out by measurements of plasma thyrotrophin (TSH), by a radioimmunoassay, protein bound iodine (PBI) and free thyroxine (T4).
It has been found that:
– PBI and TSH significantly increase with age, which probably results from a peripheral hypometabolism, in spite of a normal free T4 concentration;
– there are circadian variations of free T4 accompanied by a non significant inverse relationship of the plasma TSH level;
– no important changes occur during the normal menstrual cycles but there is a significant increase in both PBI and TSH during pregnancy.
The secretion of pituitary TSH seems to be finely regulated not only by the free plasma thyroxine concentration but also by the rate of metabolism of the thyroid hormones in the cell.
THE METABOLISM OF RADIOACTIVE L-5′ ISOPROPYL-3′.3.5 TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND ITS RELATION TO THYROID HORMONE ACTION
Authors: Gordon Amirav , Zipser Yudith 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The biological activity of L-3′ isopropyl-5′,3,5 triiodothyronine (ISO-T3) an isopropyl analogue of thyroxine (T4) was determined. The minimal goitre prevention dose of ISO-T3 was found to be 1.05 μg/100 g b. w./day. The molar ratio of activity of T3:ISO-T3:T4 equalled 1:3:8.5. T3 and ISO-T3 had the same effect on growth in thyroidectomized rats when injected in a molar ratio of 1:3. The distribution and disappearance of 125I-labelled ISO-T3 and T3 was studied in the thyroidectomized rats maintained on either of these substances. The disappearance rate of ISO-T3 was T½ = 185 min and of T3 T½ = 126 min. The difference was not statistically significant. The molar ratio of accumulated ISO-T3:T3 was 3:1 in skeletal muscle and 1.3:1 in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. The relative binding of ISO-T3 to plasma proteins was twice as strong as T3. Chromatographic analysis of tissue indicates that ISO-T3 is not appreciably transformed into T3 or 3′ isopropyl-T2. This model would indicate that the activity of a thyroid hormone analogue depends on a combination of the entry into the target site (muscle) and the sensitivity of the target receptor metabolic system. The entry is not solely dependent on the degree of binding by plasma proteins but may involve a receptor entry mechanism.
PRE- AND POSTOPERATIVE EXCRETION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Boström Harry , Wester Per Olov 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparison of the range of urinary excretion of 20 elements (Ag, As, Au, Br, Ce, Cd, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mg, Mo, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, W, Zn) in healthy subjects as well as in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after operation was performed by means of a recently developed ion-exchange technique following neutron activation analysis. The urinary levels of the 20 trace elements showed no distinct differences when the controls were compared with the untreated cases of hyperparathyroidism. Small differences in the urinary excretion of certain trace elements in patients with hyperparathyroidism before and after operation were, however, revealed. The biological significance of these findings is discussed.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF THYROID HORMONES BY THE NORMAL AND DISEASED HUMAN LIVER
Authors: Zaninovich Angel A. , Volpé Robert , Soto Roberto J. , Ezrin Calvin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In patients with liver cirrhosis the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the blood during the 20 to 50 minute interval following the intravenous injection of 131I labelled L-T4 has been found to be markedly delayed compared to normal subjects. That this delay is due mainly to decreased hepatic uptake, was shown by a reduced 10 minute hepatic uptake of this labelled hormone. The principle binding proteins for T4 were not affected in a manner that would increase serum binding of the hormone. The 10 minute hepatic uptake of 131I labelled L-T3 was also reduced in the cirrhosis group, suggesting that the normal liver also contains binding sites for T3, and these are diminished in cirrhosis.
HISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTO-ENZYMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GROWING CARTILAGE IN PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Stănescu V. , Bona C. , Ionescu V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A biopsy specimen of the tibial growing cartilage in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism aged 9 was studied. The cartilage was found to be narrow with a relatively wide resting zone, short columns of cells and very long directory lines. No osteoclasts were found. Histochemical investigations disclosed the presence of glycogen and of metachromatic, alcianophilic and Hale positive material within the chondrocytes. The matrix of the resting and proliferative zones contained Hale, γ-metachromatic and alcianophilic and weakly PAS positive material. Metachromasia was reversed by hyaluronidase and trypsin and partially extracted by sialidase. In the lower hypertrophic zone the matrix was orthochromatic, PAS positive and strongly alcianophilic. The directory lines were orthochromatic. Sialidase had no effect and hyaluronidase only partially reversed the alcianophilic material. By means of the cytoenzymological study strong lactate and glutamate dehydrogenase activity was detected; moderate activity of succinate dehydrogenase, ATP-ase and 5-nucleotidase; low activity of glutamyltranspeptidase, nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase; lack of activity of NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, β-glucuronidase, leucyl-aminopeptidase, cysteine desulphurase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the hypertrophic chondrocytes and in the osteoblasts.
DWARFISM CAUSED BY CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Copinschi G. , Nève P. , Wolter R. , Bastenie P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of dwarfism associated with Cushing's disease in a 15-year boy is described. Cessation of growth was accompanied by undetectable levels of plasma immunoreactive growth hormone in the fasting state and a complete lack of response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia. After total bilateral adrenalectomy, normal growth was rapidly resumed while a normal rise in plasma growth hormone was observed during an insulin tolerance test.
THE PLASMA 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS RESPONSE TO INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Laron Z. , Karp M. , Nitzan M. , Pertzelan A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed in 102 children and adolescents belonging to the following 6 groups: controls (56 subjects), pituitary insufficiency (17 patients), delayed puberty (13 patients), obesity (6 patients), idiopathic precocious sexual development (6 patients) and congenital adrenal virilization (4 patients). All subjects showed hypoglycaemia. The mean percentage of maximal reduction in the blood sugar from the fasting concentration varied from 41 to 50 in all the groups. The control subjects and the patients with delayed puberty, obesity, precocious sexual development and congenital adrenal virilization showed an increase in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) to a mean peak value ranging between 20 and 25 μg/100 ml, measured 60 min after the injection of insulin. From these results it was concluded that a rise in plasma 11-OHCS to a value of 20 μg/100 ml or more after hypoglycaemic stress denotes a normal corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and corticotrophin (ACTH) reserve. The patients with pituitary insufficiency showed 3 types of response independent of the degree of hypoglycaemia: nine patients showed a normal response, four had a medium response and four showed no response. There was a good correlation between lack of response of plasma 11-OHCS induced by hypoglycaemia and the urinary 17-OHCS response during the metopiron test, indicating that both these tests act at the hypothalamic level. Although the rise in plasma 11-OHCS after ITT was less marked than after the lysine vasopressin (LVP) test, it is suggested that the ITT is to be preferred as a clinical screening test, as it permits concomitant evaluation of both ACTH and growth hormone reserve. Another advantage of performing the ITT before the LVP test is that it allows of the diagnosis of a hypothalamic disturbance in ACTH secretion.
PLASMA LEVELS AND EXCRETION OF SOLVOLYZABLE STEROIDS
Authors: Hellström K. , Sjövall J. , Vihko R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The faecal and urinary excretion of intravenously injected labelled dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was studied in three healthy subjects on a standardized diet before and during oral cholestyramine administration. Faecal excretion was found to be an important pathway for the elimination of administered radioactivity. Thus, 28–45 per cent of the activity was recovered in the faeces during the control period. The urinary isotope excretion was slightly lower during cholestyramine administration. The plasma concentrations of »sulphates« of androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, epiandrosterone, androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol and pregn-5-ene-3β,20α-diol and the urinary excretion of »sulphates« of the same steroids with the exception of epiandrosterone, were determined by gas chromatographic procedures. The individual and daily variations of the values were large and no change could be detected when cholestyramine was administered. The low renal clearance of steroid sulphates has been confirmed.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE VALUES IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF TESTOSTERONE TREATMENT
Authors: Aakvaag Asbjørn , Vogt Jørgen H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone was determined in 4 cases of female trans-sexualism under virilizing therapy with various testosterone preparations. Testosterone oenanthate and a mixture of testosterone esters gave adequate plasma values (above 0.40 μg/100 ml) of 2–4 weeks duration. Rectal application of 50 mg non-esterified testosterone gave normal male values lasting for about 12 hours. Sublingual application of 17α-methyl-testosterone did not bring about a rise in plasma testosterone.
RENIN SECRETION IN VITRO FROM RAT KIDNEY CORTEX SLICES
Authors: Božović Lj. , Efendić S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for in vitro studies of renin release is described. Kidney cortex slices taken from control rats and rats stimulated to release renin were incubated with and without glucose. Renin release from the slices to a large extent was glucose-dependent. This result supports the hypothesis of an active mechanism of renin secretion.
A MODIFICATION OF THE PIGEON CROP SAC ASSAY FOR LACTOTROPHIC HORMONE DETERMINATIONS BY MEANS OF THE ADDITION OF PREDNISOLONE
Authors: Herlyn U. , Jantzen K. , Flaskamp D. , Hoffmann H. , von Berswordt-Wallrabe Ilse 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
For LTH-determination in biological material without preliminary extraction procedures the pigeon crop sac assay, performed by the micro-method of Grosvenor & Turner (1958), and modified by the addition of prednisolone to the standard or test material was used. Serum samples of lactating women caused no inflammations of the skin of the pigeons, and the crop sacs hardly showed any signs of inflammation. Reaction sites could be measured more easily, and the LTH activities in the plasma were about 3 times higher than in plasma processed by the acetone extraction method of Sulman (1956).
UTERO-OVARIAN RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER
Authors: Duby R. T. , McDaniel J. W. , Spilman C. H. , Black D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Removal of the non-gravid uterus during the oestrous cycle does not influence the time of the next oestrus and does not influence normal ovarian periodicity for up to 13 months. Hysterectomy prolongs the length of pseudopregnancy by approximately 7.5 days. A critical period occurs in the life span of the corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy on or about day 7; hysterectomy prior to this time results in continued luteal maintenance but is without effect if performed on day 8. In the pregnant animal hysterectomy up to day 8 post-coitum results in continued luteal maintenance while luteal regression occurs in the majority of animals hysterectomized after this time.
UTERO-OVARIAN RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER.
Authors: Duby R. T. , McDaniel J. W. , Spilman C. H. , Black D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Transplantation of uterine tissue to the cheekpouches of hysterectomized hamsters shortens the duration of pseudopregnancy. Uterine autotransplants were the most effective. Single uterine homografts and rat uterine heterografts were more effective than multiple hamster homografts; mouse uterine heterografts were completely ineffective. Bovine endometrial extracts obtained on days 14 or 16 post-oestrus promoted luteolysis in pseudopregnant hamsters hysterectomized on day 7 post-coitum. Extracts obtained from uteri on day 12 or 18 post-oestrus were ineffective. All extracts tested failed to promote luteolysis in pregnant hamsters or hysterectomized-pseudopregnant hamsters.
SEMIQUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF URINARY PREGNANETRIOL, PREGNANETRIOLONE AND TETRAHYDRO S IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION
Authors: Thomas Frances J. , Steinbeck A. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following β-glucuronidase hydrolysis, pregnanetriol, pregnanetriolone and tetrahydro S were extracted from urine, chromatographed on florosil and in two paper systems before semiquantitative estimation of pregnanetriol and pregnanetriolone with the phosphoric acid reaction and of tetrahydro S with blue tetrazolium. The chemical validity and reliability of the method were studied and excretions measured in normal subjects and endocrine disorders. Pregnanetriol excretions were compared with published values.
Normal pregnanetriol excretions were found in »idiopathic« hirsutism, with Stein-Leventhal ovaries and in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia; increased excretions were found in congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing's syndrome with adrenal carcinoma. Pregnanetriolone was detected only in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing's syndrome from hyperplasia and one carcinoma. Large amounts of tetrahydro S were found in Cushing's syndrome with adrenal carcinoma. The possible diagnostic significance of the findings is discussed.
SKIN-FOLD THICKNESS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY AND CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Wright A. D. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple clinical method of determining the skin-fold thickness on the dorsum of the hand has been described using the Harpendon spring-loaded caliper. A normal range for age and sex has been established in 258 normal subjects. The mean skin-fold thickness was greater in men than in women, and in both decreased with age, falling from 2.85 to 1.75 mm in men, and from 2.65 to 1.60 mm in women (aged 15–20 to 70–80). In 48 acromegalic patients, 71 % of the skin-fold measurements were abnormally thick. In 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome, although all measurements were below the normal mean, 42 % only were abnormally thin.
A METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY CORTICOSTEROIDS, PREGNANEDIOL, PREGNANETRIOL AND PREGNANETRIOLONE FOLLOWING THEIR SEPARATION BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Kraiem Z. , Lunenfeld B. , Skalka J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for estimating urinary pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, pregnanetriolone and the following individual corticosteroids: tetrahydrocortisol (THF), allotetrahydrocortisol (allo-THF), tetrahydrocortisone (THE), cortisol (F), tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS), tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB), allotetrahydrocorticosterone (allo-THB), tetrahydro-11-dehydrocorticosterone (THA), tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone (THDOC). The main steps of the method are: enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction, fractionation by thin-layer chromatography, and colorimetric estimation using the sulphuric acid reaction for pregnanediol, pregnanetriol and pregnanetriolone, and the blue tetrazolium reaction for the individual corticosteroids.
The reliability criteria (specificity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity) of the method have been assessed. The advantage of the method lies in its practicability since, unlike other methods: a) the same urine sample (50 ml) is submitted, for the estimation of the twelve C21 steroids, to the same procedure until fractionation, and b) thin-layer chromatography alone is used for the latter purpose.