bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Quality Control Dried Blood Spot Materials in Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Authors: De Jesus Victor R , Zhang X Kate , Keutzer Joan , Bodamer Olaf A , Mühl Adolf , Orsini Joseph J , Caggana Michele , Vogt Robert F , Hannon W Harry 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise more than 40 genetic diseases that result in the accumulation of products that would normally be degraded by lysosomal enzymes. A tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based method is available for newborn screening for 5 LSDs, and many laboratories are initiating pilot studies to evaluate the incorporation of this method into their screening panels. We developed and evaluated dried blood spot (DBS) QC materials for LSDs and used the MS/MS method to investigate their suitability for LSD QC monitoring.
Methods: We incubated 3.2-mm punches from DBS controls for 20–24 h with assay cocktails containing substrate and internal standard. Using MS/MS, we quantified the resulting product and internal standard. Samples were run in triplicate for 3 consecutive days, and results were reported as product-to-internal standard ratios and enzyme activity units (μmol/L/h).
Results: Enzyme activity interday imprecision (CV) for the high, medium, and low series were 3.4%–14.3% for galactocerebroside α-galactosidase, 6.8%–24.6% for acid α-galactosidase A, 7.36%–22.1% for acid sphingomyelinase, 6.2%–26.2% for acid α-glucocerebrosidase, and 7.0%–24.8% for lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (n = 9). In addition, DBS stored at −20° and 4 °C showed minimal enzyme activity loss over a 187-d period. DBS stored at 37° and 45 °C had lower activity values over the 187-day evaluation time.
Conclusions: Suitable QC materials for newborn screening of LSDs were developed for laboratories performing DBS LSD screening. Good material linearity was observed, with goodness-of-fit values of 0.953 and higher. The QC materials may be used by screening laboratories that perform LSD analysis by MS and/or more conventional fluorescence-based screening methods.
Effects of salt and light stress on the release of volatile halogenated organic compounds bySolieria chordalis: a laboratory incubation study
Authors: Bondu Stephanie , Cocquempot Boris , Deslandes Eric , Morin Pascal 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe red algaSolieria chordaliswas used as a model to investigate the effects of salt and light stress on the release of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs). We used a purge and trap technique coupled with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector.S. chordaliswas exposed to hyposaline (22 psu), hypersaline (50 psu) and normal salinity (34 psu) media in combination with light stress (48 h in the dark followed by 24 h under continuous light). The releases of 9 VHOCs (i.e., CH3I, CH3CH2I, CH2ClI, CH2Br2, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, CH2BrI, CHBr3, CH2I2) were measured after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h on algal sub-samples. In algae unstressed by salt, VHOC production rate decreased under dark conditions but increased with light exposure. However, long periods of light also resulted in higher production of di-halogenated compounds (as compared to tri-halogenated or mono-halogenated compounds). The results from salt-stressed samples indicate that hypoosmotic conditions strongly enhanced whole VHOC production rate, whereas hyper-osmotic conditions slightly reduced their production. An exception was mono-halogen production, which was higher under hyper-osmotic condition (especially during dark periods). Furthermore, long exposure to light and hyper-osmotic conditions led to a decrease in the production of di-halogenated compounds (this did not occur in thalli unstressed by salt). As halogen productions derive from different metabolic pathways, including an enzymatic mechanism, it is possible that the activity of these enzymes may be affected by exposure to various salinity conditions.
Marginal Fit of Heat-pressed vs CAD/CAM Processed All-ceramic Onlays Using a Milling Unit Prototype
Authors: Reich S. , Gozdowski S. , Trentzsch L. , Frankenberger R. , Lohbauer U. 
Published: November 2008

Clinical Relevance
The marginal fit of all-ceramic restorations has an important influence on the clinical performance and lifetime of adhesively luted restorations. In proximal boxes, an average marginal gap of less than 100 μm is claimed. These clinical requirements are fulfilled by both processing procedures.
Long-term Durability of One-step Adhesive-composite Systems to Enamel and Dentin
Authors: Foxton R. M. , Melo L. , Stone D. G. , Pilecki P. , Sherriff M. , Watson T. F. 
Published: November 2008

Clinical Relevance
Resin-enamel and resin-dentin bonds formed by one-step adhesive-composite systems from the same manufacturer were not hydrolytically stable after accelerated aging in water.
Sedative and anticonvulsant drugs suppress postnatal neurogenesis
Authors: Stefovska Vanya G. , Uckermann Ortrud , Czuczwar Miroslaw , Smitka Martin , Czuczwar Piotr , Kis Jacek , Kaindl Angela M. , Turski Lechoslaw , Turski Waldemar A. , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveSedative and anticonvulsant drugs, which inhibit N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor–mediated excitation or enhance GABA‐mediated action, may cause apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mammalian brain. Here we explored whether such agents influence early postnatal neurogenesis.MethodsThe N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate antagonist MK801 and the GABA subtype A agonists phenobarbital and diazepam were administered to infant rats, and cell proliferation and neurogenesis were studied in the brain using 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine and doublecortin immunohistochemistry and stereology. Using confocal microscopy, we quantified neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus on postnatal day 15 (P15) after treatment with MK801 or phenobarbital on P6 to P10. Learning and memory were assessed at the age of 6 months after early postnatal treatment with phenobarbital.ResultsMK801, phenobarbital, and diazepam reduced numbers of newly born cells in the brain. We found no evidence that these agents caused apoptosis of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine–positive cells. In the dentate gyrus, many of the newly formed cells differentiated toward a neuronal phenotype. Phenobarbital and MK801 reduced numbers of newly formed neurons in the dentate gyrus. At the age of 6 months, phenobarbital‐treated rats had fewer neurons in the dentate gyrus and performed worse than saline‐treated littermates in water maze learning and memory task.InterpretationThese findings show that blockade of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor–mediated excitation and enhancement of GABA subtype A receptor activation impair cell proliferation and inhibit neurogenesis in the immature rat brain. Because many sedative and antiepileptic drugs used in pediatric medicine act via these mechanisms, our findings raise concerns about their potential impact on human brain development. Ann Neurol 2008
Bauwerksschäden infolge des Erdbebens in Yogyakarta, Java, am 27. Mai 2006
Authors: Werkle Horst , Zahn Franz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIm Mai 2006 fand auf Java ein schweres Erdbeben der Magnitude Mw = 6.3 statt, bei dem in der Nähe des Epizentrums neben horizontalen Bodenbeschleunigungen von ca. 2,5 bis 3,0 m/s2 auch vergleichsweise hohe vertikale Beschleunigungen auftraten. Der Beitrag berichtet über Schäden an Mauerwerksbauten, Stahlbetonbauten und an Dachkonstruktionen, die bei einer Erkundungsreise der Autoren im August 2006 festgestellt wurden. Eine Reihe von Bauwerken wurde durch das Beben vollständig zerstört. Die meisten aufgetretenen Schäden bestätigen die Bedeutung der allgemeinen Regeln für die Erdbebensicherung von Bauwerken. Einzelne Schadensbilder und darauffolgende rechnerische Untersuchungen geben darüber hinaus Hinweise darauf, dass die Vertikalkomponente der Bodenbeschleunigung in bestimmten Fällen für das Versagen maßgebend sein kann und dann nicht vernachlässigt werden darf.
One‐Step Synthesis of Stoichiometrically Defined Metal Oxide Nanoparticles at Room Temperature
Authors: Chen Lan , Xu Ju , Tanner David A. , Phelan Richard , Van der Meulen Machteld , Holmes Justin D. , Morris Michael A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA great variety of metal oxide nanoparticles have been readily synthesized by using alkali metal oxides, M2O (M is Na or Li) and soluble metal salts (metal chlorides) in polar organic solutions, for example, methanol and ethanol, at room temperature. The oxidation states of the metals in the resulting metal oxides (Cu2O, CuO, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Bi2O3, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and CoFe2O4) range from 1 to 6 and remain invariable through the reactions where good control of stoichiometry is achieved. Metal oxide nanoparticles are 1–30 nm and have good monodispersivity and displayed comparable optical spectra. These syntheses are based on a general ion reaction pathway during which the precipitate occurs when O2− ions meet metal cations (Mn+) in anhydrous solution and the reaction equation is Mn+ + n/2 O2− → MOn/2 (n=1–6).
Donor–Acceptor Interactions in Red‐Emitting Thienylbenzene‐Branched Dendrimers with Benzothiadiazole Core
Authors: Thomas K. R. Justin , Huang Tai‐Hsiang , Lin Jiann T. , Pu Shin‐Chien , Cheng Yi‐Ming , Hsieh Cheng‐Chih , Tai Chou Pi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of dendrimers containing thienylbenzene repeating units, red‐emitting benzothiadiazole core, and triarylamine peripheries that bear naphthyl units are reported. The relevant dendrimers of different generations are classified as Gnb (n=1–3), while the tert‐butyl dendrimers Gna with the acceptor alone were also synthesized to serve as control chromophores that avoid donor–acceptor interactions. The resulting dendrimers are capable of harvesting photon energy through efficient energy transfer among donor–acceptor moieties, so that highly luminescent red fluorophores result. Transient fluorescence studies suggest that the energy transfer and its efficiency are approximately unity in all Ga dendrimers, whereas the rate of energy transfer for the Gb dendrimers is suppressed, that is, charge transfer from the core to the periphery is a significant quenching pathway. These dendrimers are amorphous in nature with high glass transition temperatures (176–201 °C). Electroluminescent devices were fabricated by using the dendrimers as hole‐transporting emitters, and the devices exhibit promising red emission parameters.
Total and Extractable Heavy Metals in Indoor, Outdoor and Street Dust from Aswan City, Egypt
Authors: Rashed Mohamed Nageeb 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe level of heavy metal contamination in indoor room dust is evaluated and its relationship to the external environment examined. Samples of outdoor fallen dust, indoor room dust and street dust were collected from two different environmental locations in Aswan city, Egypt. Total and extractable (soluble) concentrations of cadmium, lead, iron, and manganese were determined in the three types of dust samples. The measurements of the metal contents were preformed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The aims of this study are: (a) to assess the influence of urban traffic on the heavy metal content in house and street dust, and (b) to determine and compare the soluble fractions of the metals in indoor house dust, outdoor fallen dust and street dust. The results showed widespread heavy metal contamination, especially Pb, Mn, and Fe, which were present as the highest values in the outdoor fallen dust, indoor and street dust, while Cd was the lowest content metal present. In general, indoor and outdoor concentration ratios varied widely from one metal to another and from one residence to another. An enrichment factor for metal explained the originality of these metals. Traffic near the two studied buildings reflects the presence of Pb in outdoor fallen dust, indoor room dust and street dust in those residences. Soluble fractions of the studied heavy metals seem to be at the lower values compared to total metal concentration present.
Galectin‐1 functions as a Th2 cytokine that selectively induces Th1 apoptosis and promotes Th2 function
Authors: Motran Claudia C. , Molinder Karen M. , Liu Scot D. , Poirier Françoise , Miceli M. Carrie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGalectin‐1 has been implicated in regulating T‐cell survival, function, and Th1/Th2 balance in several mouse models, though the molecular and cellular basis of its immuno‐modulatory activity has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, we examined galectin‐1 expression and activity within differentiated murine Th1 and Th2 subsets. While recombinant galectin‐1 specifically bound to both T‐cell subsets, Th1 and Th2 T cells expressed distinct combinations of galectin‐1‐reactive epitopes and were differentially responsive to galectin‐1 exposure. Indeed, Th1 cells were more susceptible to galectin‐1‐induced death than Th2 cells. Th2 protection from apoptosis was correlated with expression of anti‐apoptotic galectin‐3. Further, galectin‐1 promoted TCR‐induced type 2 cytokine production by Th2 cells. Differentiated Th2 cells constitutively expressed high levels of galectin‐1 and can be induced to produce even higher levels of galectin‐1 with restimulation, whereas comparable levels of galectin‐1 in Th1 cells were only observed after restimulation. Co‐culturing experiments using galectin‐1−/− and galectin‐1+/+ Th1 and Th2 T cells demonstrated that Th2‐derived galectin‐1 induced Th1 apoptosis, whereas Th1‐derived galectin‐1 promoted Th2 cytokine production. These studies identify galectin‐1 as a cross‐regulatory cytokine that selectively antagonizes Th1 survival, while promoting TCR‐induced Th2 cytokine production.
Passive immunization with monoclonal antibody against a 70‐kDa putative adhesin of Sporothrix schenckii induces protection in murine sporotrichosis
Authors: Nascimento Rosana C. , Espíndola Noeli M. , Castro Rafaela A. , Teixeira Pedro A. C. , Loureiro y Penha Carla V. , Lopes‐Bezerra Leila M. , Almeida Sandro R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCell‐mediated and innate immunity are considered the most important mechanisms of host defense against fungus infections. However, recent studies demonstrated that specific antibodies show different degrees of protection against mycosis. In a previous study, antigens secreted by Sporothrix schenckii induced a specific humoral response in infected animals, mainly against the 70‐kDa molecule, indicating a possible participation of antibodies to this antigen in infection control. In the present study, an IgG1 mAb was produced against a 70‐kDa glycoprotein of S. schenckii in order to better understand the effect of passive immunization of mice infected with S. schenckii. Results showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU in organs of mice when the mAb was injected before and during S. schenckii infection. Similar results were observed when T‐cell‐deficient mice were used. Moreover, in a second schedule treatment, the mAb was injected after infection was established, and again we observed a significant reduction in CFU associated with an increase of IFN‐γproduction. Also, the 70‐kDa antigen is shown to be a putative adhesin present on the surface of this fungus. In conclusion, we report for the first time the protective effect of a specific antibody against S. schenckii.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 11/08
Authors: Zimmer Jacques , Andrès Emmanuel , Hentges François 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe cover picture features a set of scales representing the “weighing up” of the latest developments and challenges regarding a selected aspect of immunology, as presented in our Viewpoint articles. The focus of the latest Viewpoint series is NK cells, and the cell schematic also presented on the cover depicts the influence/interactions between NK and Treg cells and is taken from the article by Zimmer et al. (pp. 2942–2945). This, and the related article by Andoniou et al. (pp. 2938–2942), discuss the cross‐talk between NK cells and adaptive immune cells.
Imidazole‐Mediated Cascade [2 + 2 + 2] Annulation Reactions: A Highly Diastereoselective Synthetic Protocol for the Construction of Multiply Substituted Cyclohexanes
Authors: Liu Xu‐Guang , Shi Min 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel imidazole‐mediated [2 + 2 + 2] annulation process that enables the diastereoselective synthesis of multiply substituted cyclohexanes 3 in a one‐pot, three‐component manner from two units of (arylmethylidene)malononitriles 1 and one unit of nitroalkenes 2 is described. These cyclohexane derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The influence of chemical conditioning on the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by using clinoptilolite
Authors: Çoruh Semra , Turan Gamze , Akdemir Andaç , Ergun Osman Nuri 
Published: November 2008

AbstractClinoptilolite, a silica rich variety of the heulendite group of natural zeolites, has the capability to remove trace quantities of cations from aqueous solutions by utilizing the phenomenons of ion‐exchange and adsorption. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by using the clinoptilolite samples. The results clearly showed that both conditioned and unconditioned forms of the clinoptilolized tuffs have a removal capacity up to 98–99% for low concentrations of metal ions. But the removal capacity decreases for the concentrations of about 500 mg/L when natural forms were used. The chemical conditioning has been found to increase the removal capability of the clinoptilolite to about 50%. The adsorption capacities of the unconditioned, conditioned, and reused forms of the clinoptilolite samples of Çankırı‐Çorum Basin have also been investigated in this study. The results have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin‐Radushkevich (D‐R), and BET (Brauner Emmett Teller) adsorption isotherms. Of the model tested, Langmuir, Freundlich, and D‐R isotherm expressions were found to better fit the experimental equilibrium data compared with the BET model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Dynamic behavior of a heat equation with memory
Authors: Wang Jun‐Min , Guo Bao‐Zhu , Fu Meng‐Yin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses the spectrum‐determined growth condition for a heat equation with exponential polynomial kernel memory. By introducing some new variables, the time‐variant system is transformed into a time‐invariant one. The detailed spectral analysis is presented. It is shown that the system demonstrates the property of hyperbolic equation that all eigenvalues approach a line that is parallel to the imaginary axis. The residual spectral set is shown to be empty and the set of continuous spectrum is exactly characterized. The main result is the spectrum‐determined growth condition that is one of the most difficult problems for infinite‐dimensional systems. Consequently, a strong exponential stability result is concluded. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravascular ultrasound assessment of coronary artery involvement in Fabry disease
Authors: Kovarnik T. , Mintz G. S. , Karetova D. , Horak J. , Bultas J. , Skulec R. , Skalicka H. , Aschermann M. , Elleder M. , Linhart A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryAimWe used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to characterize coronary artery involvement in patients with Fabry disease (FD).MethodsNine FD patients (5 women) were matched to 10 control patients (5 women) chosen from our IVUS database. Standard volumetric IVUS analyses were performed along with assessment of plaque echodensity.ResultsPlaques in FD patients were diffuse and hypoechogenic compared with more focal and more echogenic lesions in control patients. Echogenicity of plaques was significantly lower in FD patients (median 30.7  ±  12.9 vs 55.9  ±  15.7,p  =  0.0052, mean 37.2  ±  15.6 vs 66.2  ±  13.3,p  =  0.0014). Diffusiveness was assessed as differences between mean and median plaque burden versus the plaque burden in each of the analysed cross‐sections. These differences were lower in FD vs controls (5.8  ±  4.8 vs 8.7  ±  6.6,p  <  0.001 for mean, and 5.8  ±  4.9 vs 8.8  ±  7.3,p  <  0.001 for median) indicating a more diffuse involvement. The occurrence of lipid cores was significantly higher in FD patients than in controls (2.4  ±  1.5 vs 1.0  ±  0.94,p  =  0.02).ConclusionIVUS showed diffuse hypoechogenic plaques in patients with FD. The explanation may be higher lipid content in plaques and accumulation of glycosphingolipid in smooth‐muscle and endothelial cells.
Ant nests and soil nutrient availability: the negative impact of fire
Authors: Sousa-Souto Leandro , Schoereder José H. , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto G. R. , Silva Washington L. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:High-nutrient patches are important for regulating the structure and physiognomy of dystrophic habitats. Leaf-cutting ants create these rich patches in many neotropical habitats. Burning, however, could diminish or even annul the effects of ant nests on soil properties. To test this hypothesis, we compared the nutrient concentrations at various depths in soil samples near three nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata and three non-nest soils, located in 10-ha plots subjected to burning or with fire-protection within a Brazilian cerrado. Root density in ant-nest soil was greater than in non-nest soil in both unburned and burned plots. Besides, the concentration of Ca, Mg, K and P increased 2–50-fold in ant nests from the unburned area compared to non-nest soils. In contrast, nutrient concentrations and pH in burned ant nests were similar to or lower than non-nest soils, but the nests maintained higher values of organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The positive effect of leaf-cutting ant nests as high-nutrient patches may be strongly reduced in habitats with frequent burning. In this case, the negative effects of leaf-cutter herbivory on a plant community could surpass the benefits of local nutrient enrichment by their nests.Resumo: Sauveiros modificam as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, alterando a estrutura e fisionomia local. Entretanto, queimadas podem reduzir os efeitos dos formigueiros nesses ambientes como, por exemplo, pela diminuição do forrageamento das formigas e, conseqüentemente, pela baixa incorporação de material orgânico ao solo. Este estudo testou o efeito do fogo sobre a concentração de nutrientes no solo de colônias de Atta laevigata em área de cerrado. A densidade de raízes foi maior nas colônias do que áreas controle, independentemente da presença do fogo. Na ausência de queimadas, as concentrações de nutrientes foram até 50 vezes superiores nos sauveiros. Contudo, queimadas reduzem a concentração de nutrientes e pH nas colônias. Possivelmente, essa baixa concentração seja atribuída à maior demanda pela vegetação remanescente, em resposta à perturbação provocada pelo fogo. Nesse caso, os efeitos negativos da herbivoria podem superar os benefícios causados por meio da disponibilização de nutrientes pelos sauveiros.