bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ‘aging’ of an inhibitor of spontaneous tumors in mice. II. Observations at aging from 101‐1346 days
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn keeping with the policy established several years ago, the present article is considered to be a progress report. Much is already known on the control of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice, but several final conclusions have not been reached. The most urgent present needs are (1) to identify, separate, and purify the ingredients of a liver emulsion known to contain an active inhibitor of spontaneous tumors (this program has been initiated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute), (2) to test out purified fractions on known malignant disease at the San Diego laboratory of Strong Foundation, and (3) to analyze genetically the nature of a transmissible entity already known to have an effect on spontaneous tumors in mice and possibly induced (?) by the injection of a liver emulsion containing a mixture which is at least partially known. Hence the conclusion is reached that the present problem for the control of spontaneous tumors in mice remains an immunogenetic problem. The present data verify a previous conclusion that the aging of a liver emulsion, at least up to 1346 days, increases significantly the biological effect of suppressing spontaneous cancerous growth in mice.
Synovial sarcoma: An analysis of its response to radiation
Authors: Kagan A. Robert , Friedman Nathan B. , Jaffe Henry L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of synovial sarcoma with multiple metastatic lesions is presented. Histopathological analysis of the primary and metastatic lesions showed an evolution toward a spindle cell sarcoma. The exquisite tenderness and size of the metastatic masses responded slowly to relatively intense doses of radiations.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma
Authors: MacKman Sanford , Korbitz Bernard C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCase histories that are presented were indirect diagnostic studies that suggested that the patients had disseminated carcinoma, where, in actuality, they either had no malignancy or localized and still apparently curable malignancies. If these studies had not been questioned, these patients could have been treated incorrectly with palliative measures.
Cancer of the tongue in young persons
Authors: Goyanes Alfredo Die , Frazell Edgar L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinoma of the tongue in young persons is uncommon, A search of records of the Memorial Hospital revealed six such cases, and 13 others were encountered in the literature. The preponderance of females in this small series is not significant. The high survival rate (50%) is directly attributed to the infrequency of cervical metastasis and the favorable location (anterior two‐thirds) of the primary lesion.
The occurrence of SV40‐neutralizing antibodies in sera of patients with genitourinary carcinoma
Authors: Shah Keerti V. , Palma Loreto D. , Murphy Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeutralizing antibodies to simian virus 40 (SV40) were detected in sera of seven of 182 patients studied at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Four of 91 (4.4%) bladder tumor patients, two of 24 (8.3%) patients with prostatic carcinoma, and one of four patients with testicular tumors had antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies were demonstrable in repeated bleedings over a 5–11 month period. T antibodies were not detected in any of the sera. None of the antibody‐positive patients gave a history of immunization with (potentially SV40‐contaminated) poliovirus vaccines, the only known source of major human exposure to SV40 in the United States. These findings suggest that the seven antibody‐positive donors were infected with a virus cross‐reacting with SV40 or that infection with SV40 may have occurred in some unknown manner.
Psychological considerations in the attainment of esophageal speech
Authors: Dibartolo Russell 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn view of the increasing incidence and decreasing mortality due to larynx cancer, the constant 2:1 ratio of esophageal speakers to nonspeakers among laryngectomees, and the widespread argeement that psychological factors are prime considerations in esophageal speech attainment, the investigation was designed to delineate certain psychological, physical, and sociological variables which might relate to attainment of alaryngeal speech. Ninety‐four male laryngectomees responded to the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale, the IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, and a standardized personal interview including a voice recording. Five variables (self‐concept, body‐concept, anxiety level, age at surgery, and defensive distortion of self‐concept responses) were found to be significant in differentiating groups of nonesophageal, below‐average, average, and above‐average esophageal speakers. A significant difference in self‐concept and body‐concept appeared between the two high and the two low speaker groups. The below‐average speakers were more anxious than were the average speakers or the above‐average speakers. The above‐average speakers were younger in age at surgery than were the subjects in the other three groups. The higher self‐concept and body‐concept scores of the better speakers may have been a function of a defense mechanism, as indicated by their defensive distortion scores which were higher than those of the below‐average group. It was found that the variables of self‐concept, body‐concept, and anxiety were about three times more influential than those of age at surgery and defensive distortion in identifying groups of speakers. The conclusions warranted were that necessary psychological counseling and immediate postoperative use of an artificial larynx before the institution of esophageal speech therapy would help raise the ratio of esophageal to nonesophageal speakers.
Notes on streptozotocin in metastatic insulinoma
Authors: Vogel Thomas T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of limited success with streptozotocin in overwhelming metastatic insulinoma is reported for illustration of clinical management and possible toxic effects of the drug. An initial dose of 1.5 g/m2 and an interval of administration no more frequent than 1–2 weeks is favored. Acute renal failure and bone marrow suppression followed the last and largest intravenous dose of 8 g/m2. Insulin immunoassay levels and glucose or caloric requirements were reduced, but the patient did not survive. Niacin‐amide and an intra‐arterial route of administration may avoid toxicity in clinical use of this valuable drug.
Growth characteristics of the stilbestrol‐induced hamster kidney tumor
Authors: Dekernion Jean B. , Fraley Elwin E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe stilbestrol‐induced hamster kidney tumor retained hormone dependence in vivo. In order to elucidate the mode and site of hormone stimulation, tumors of the twelfth in vivo transplant generation as well as newly induced kidney tumors were explained to monolayer cell cultures. Various concentrations of diethylstilbestrol failed to stimulate cell growth or prolong viability, and cells died after two to eight subcultures. This was not secondary to in vitro selection of a hormone‐independent cell population, since hormone was required for growth of tumor recycled from cell culture to animals. The presence of an intact stroma seems to be a requisite for estrogen tumorigenesis in the hamster kidney.
Morphology of thymic grafts exposed to lymphomagenic virus
Authors: Hays Esther F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSyngeneic thymic grafts in AKR mice were exposed in vitro to lymphomagenic virus, grafted subcutaneously or under the kidney capsule, and biopsied at intervals. No specific morphologic change was seen to precede the development of lymphoma in these grafts. Lymphoma was found to develop initially as foci of lymphoblasts in the cortex of a normal‐appearing thymus. Regeneration of syngeneic virus‐exposed thymic epithelial remnant grafts in AKR mice was compared to that of nonvirus‐exposed grafts in the same strain and to that in a low‐incidence lymphoma strain. All of the grafts were found to regenerate to the morphology of normal thymus with a characteristic sequence of cellular events. These results imply that lymphomagenic virus acts by a direct transformation of cells in the thymic cortex which is not dependent on any preceding structural alteration of this organ and that regeneration of grafts composed of epithelial reticular cells was not impaired or altered by the presence of the virus.
Effects of pig leukocytes on mouse lymphatic leukemia
Authors: Hill G. , Littlejohn K. , Kelly G. , Atkins R. , Greer J. , Eiseman B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSensitized leukocytes from live pigs and isolated, perfused pig spleens produced a significant immunotherapeutic effect in AKR mice injected with syngeneic BW 5147 lymphatic leukemia. Therapeutically useful leukocytes were obtained from tumor‐sensitized ex vivo perfused pig spleens and from both spleens and peripheral blood of tumor‐sensitized live pigs. Therapeutic benefit was achieved only when leukocytes were incubated with tumor cells prior to injection into mice. Normal pig leukocytes were relatively less effective against tumor cells. Normal mice tolerated two injections of 106 to 108 pig leukocytes without ill effect.
Radionuclide approach to tumor detection
Authors: Espinosa John L. , Johnston Gerald S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA considerable amount of the nuclear medicine physician's attention is directed toward the screening of patients for tumor diagnosis or for the growth or metastasis of known tumor. Two basic techniques of radionuclide tumor detection are (1) rendering the normal tissue in an organ radioactive and looking for abnormal, nonradioactive areas which represent tumor involvement and (2) making the tumor itself radioactive and hence readily detectable in the relatively nonradioactive normal tissue. Liver, kidney, and thyroid scanning utilize the first method, while metastatic thyroid, brain, and bone tumor scans are examples of the second. The superiority of the technique for finding a hot or bright lesion in a cold or dark background has prompted attempts at extension of this method to the search for tumors. Among the newer agents which specifically label tumors and are being evaluated are Ga67‐citrate in lung carcinomas and lymphomas, Se75‐selenite in brain and bone tumors, radioiodinated antifibrinogen for various tumors, and radioiodinated iodoquine in malignant melanoma.
Pathophysiologic basis of soft tissue tumor scanning
Authors: Potchen E. James , Elliott A. John , Siegel Barry A. , Studer Rebecca , Evens Ronald G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMechanisms for localization of radionuclides in soft tissue tumors are discussed in relationship to a sequential observation of the label from the time it enters the intravascular space until the time it can be identified in a tumor in greater concentration than in surrounding normal structures. In the case of soft tissue lymphoma identification with gallium or other labeled compounds, it appears that the degree of positivity on a scan will depend upon the characteristic features that the tumor has which differ from the normal surrounding structure. These features include the relative blood volume in the tumor, the transcapillary transport of labeled protein within the tumor, the relative pinocytotic activity of tumor cells in relation to normal tissue, the relative affinity for the label of intracellular proteins in tumor cells vs. normal tissue, and finally the capacity of the tumor to retain the radioactive label due to poor lymphatic drainage or interstitial pressure different from surrounding tissue. By appreciating these possible mechanisms, we may now be able to search for those features which would lead toward positive tumor scans and predict the characteristic features of tumors which will make it possible to detect them by tracer methods. In recognizing these features, we may be able to develop tracer techniques to improve the identification of soft tissue neoplasms.
Computer applications in radionuclide imaging
Authors: Green Michael V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComputers for display, data manipulation, quantitation, diagnoses, and tomography offer the potential of improving the diagnostic efficacy of radionuclide imaging procedures. Although one may legitimately take issue over the question of expense vs. results using present computer systems and techniques, it remains an undeniable fact that if the demand for quantitative information and its manipulation increases, the computer must eventually come to play a central role in nuclear medicine. Indeed, as the phenomena taken under study increase in complexity, perhaps evolving into multiparameter studies, the computer will necessarily be required to present these data in a form meaningful to the physician. This refinement of technique is readily applicable to oncological studies.
Selenite (Se75) as a tumor‐scanning agent
Authors: Cavalieri Ralph R. , Steinberg Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSelenite (Se75) is a useful scanning agent for visualization of a wide variety of neoplasms in the brain, skeletal system, and chest. Although tumor specificity is not absolute, this agent shows a relatively high selectivity for lesions containing actively metabolizing cells. Other advantages include ready availability, low cost, long ‘shelf‐life,’ and convenient gamma‐energy spectrum for imaging. The major disadvantage is a relatively long biologic retention, which limits the size of the dose which can be administered. Selenite is recommended, therefore, as a secondary scanning agent, to be used in conjunction with shorter‐lived radiopharmaceuticals. When so used, Se75‐selenite often increases the diagnostic accuracy of scanning procedures.
The use of the brain scan in the diagnosis of intracranial neoplasia
Authors: Handmaker Hirsch , Schall Gerald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe brain scan has become a safe, efficient, and accurate method of screening patients who are suspected of having intracranial abnormalities. Tumor detection and localization are now possible in approximately 90% of patients seen, comparing favorably with results of angiography and pneumoencephalography. Improvements in radionuclides and detection equipment have made possible refinements of techniques to allow study of cerebral vasculature at the time of nuclide injection for the routine static studies. Certain tumors have been found to have specific characteristics on the dynamic and static brain scans and can be predicted with some certainty in many instances. Normal scan anatomy and the various histologic tumor types and their patterns are described.
Utility of combined hepatic scintiphotography and arteriography: Case examples of cirrhosis, hepatoma, and amebic abscess
Authors: Jones Alfred E. , Montgomery Johnny L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique of hepatic scintiphotography is a simple, widely available, and useful procedure for the evaluation of the presence of hepatic lesions. This technique is limited both in accuracy and its ability to provide differentiation of the etiology of observed hepatic abnormalities. Hepatic angiography can provide a means of further evaluation of the abnormal hepatic scintiphoto.
Pathogenesis of the positive bone scan and its implications for the detection of metastatic osteosarcomas
Authors: Schall Gerald L. , Larson Steven M. , Delellis Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe bone scan is a more sensitive indicator of bone involvement in primary or secondary neoplastic disease than the X‐ray. A positive scan is produced by the deposition of a radioactive, calcium‐mimetic tracer in the immature osteoid of rapidly growing bone. In metastatic bone tumors, the radionuclide is localized in the reactive bone formed in response to the destruction of normal tissue by the invasive neoplasm, whereas in primary bone tumors, specifically osteosarcomas, the tracer is deposited directly within the tumor. Metastatic osteosarcomas can be detected in a similar manner if they are at least 1‐2 cm in diameter and composed of viable tissue, although calcification is not required. Sr87m and F18 have theoretical advantages over Sr85 for the delineation of small metastases. Radionuclide scanning is a potentially valuable procedure for the initial diagnosis of primary and secondary osteosarcomas, for the therapeutic staging of patients with this tumor, and for evaluating the response of these lesions to radiation or chemotherapy in cases where surgery is contraindicated.
Combined therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Shanta V. , Krishnamurthi S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 328 breast cancers seen between 1958 to 1963, 0.7% were stage 0, 2.2% were stage I, 23.3 % were stage II, 36.3% were stage III, and 27% were stage IV. The rest were recurrences after treatment elsewhere. All were histologically confirmed. Combined therapy (radical preoperative radiation and hormonal therapy followed by operation) was the treatment policy. The study was conducted to evaluate whether (1) preoperative radiation could alter the classical conceptions of operability, (2) preoperative radiation could appreciably enhance the 5‐year survival rate, especially in stages II and III and an occasional stage IV, (3) radiation per se could achieve total tumor resolution, and its effectiveness in sterilizing the primary tumor and metastatic nodes, and (4) the role of other factors (histology of primary tumor, hormonal status of patient, regional metastatic lymph node involvement, and excisional biopsy in the form of enucleation of primary tumor) influenced survival rate. It would appear in conclusion that combination therapy, as practiced, was of distinct value in stages II and III. In stage II, the 5‐year survival rate was 74.2%. In stage III, preoperative radiation enabled us to operate in cases which would have been routinely declared inoperable. The 5‐year survival rate in these cases was 40%. The overall local recurrence rate after operation in all cases was only 6%. Morbidity following post‐radiation surgical therapy was not very great.
The effect of androgens and estrogens on induced prostatic tumor in the hamster
Authors: Varkarakis M. J. , Sampson D. , Schoonees R. , Gaeta J. F. , Reynoso G. , Mirand E. A. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human adenovirus type 12 and the chemical DMBA inoculated into the prostate of adult hamsters show tumorogenic affects only in the presence of exogenous administration of estradiol or testosterone. The type of tumor observed was prostatic sarcoma, half of which were differentiated to fibrosarcoma. Castration did not change the incidence of the lesions. The pattern of hormonal influence was related to exogenous estrogen rather than androgen dependency when virus or DMBA were administered. Androgen dependency was found only in the presence of DMBA. Both stimuli together showed no potentiating effect in increasing prostatic tumor incidence.
5‐fluorouracil intravenous infusion for 48 hours, repeated every two weeks
Authors: Hill G. J. , Grage T. B. , Wilson W. , Ansfield F. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh dose, continuous intravenous (I.V.) infusion of 5‐FU was evaluated in a Phase I Study. Doses of 30, 40, 50 or 60 mg/kg/day were administered for 48 hours, and subsequent courses were given at two week intervals. Sixty‐six courses of therapy were evaluated in twenty‐six patients, the majority of whom had carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract (16) or breast (5). Only four patients failed to receive a second course of therapy. The median was 3 and the mean was 2.54 courses per patient. Serious leukopenia (WBC<2000) occurred in five patients, all of whom recovered. Other toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, microscopic hematuria, phlebitis and thrombocytopenia. The toxicity of 5‐FU was dose related and 22 of 26 patients showed one or more toxic manifestations. Subjective improvement occurred in seven patients, and seven patients showed tumor progression during the study. This study suggests that 48 hour infusions of 30 mg/kg/day, repeated every two weeks, would be feasible.
Excretion of tritiated 3–2′ dimethyl‐4‐diphenylamine
Authors: Gerfo Paul Lo , Herter Frederic P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTritiated 3–2′Dimethyl‐4‐diphenylamine was prepared by catalytic exchange and studies were carried out in Wistar‐Furth rats following subcutaneous injection. Blood levels reached their peak in 12 hours and this correlated closely with the peak levels of label in the urine and bile. Ninety per cent of labelled compound was excreted within 5 days, less than 3% of the tritium excreted was in the form of tritiated water. Sixty‐five per cent of excreted label appeared in the stools, and 35% in the urine of intact animals. In animals with bile fistula, 85% of the label appeared in the bile and 15% appeared in the urine. This data suggested recirculation of the compound and radioautographs were done at 10 and 20 hours after injection of labelled carcinogen, to see if there was any preferred site of absorption in the G.I. tract. None was found. Radioautographs failed to show any preferred localization of the label in the cells of the G.I. tract, liver, kidney, or bladder.
The lognormal distribution of growth rates of soft tissue metastases of breast cancer
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe gross growth rates of 158 soft tissue metastatic lesions of breast cancer in 54 patients seen at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital were studied. The frequency distributions of both the linear diametric and exponential volumetric (doubling time) growth rates were lognormal and were analyzed statistically as such. Among the 66 untreated metastatic lesions, parasternal lymph node had the fastest growth rate, although this could be a reflection of the crudeness of the measurement method. Undifferentiated or poorly differentiated recurrent lesions in the chest wall appeared to consist of two heterogeneous groups: one group grew faster than the more differentiated cancers and the other group slower, suggesting tumor with more necrosis. This paper further documented the prevalence of lognormal distribution of events associated with human cancers.
Continuous intravenous fucose treatment of rat mammary tumor
Authors: Rosato F. E. , Mullen J. L. , Rosato E. F. , Steiger E. , Miller E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirteen male, adult, 400‐gm Lewis‐Wistar rats received implants of a transplantable mammary tumor, which had arisen spontaneously in rats being treated with N‐N Dimethyl B‐Aziridino propionamide. Three rats (controls) received no treatment, five were given dextrose (8.7 mg/kg/day) and five given L‐fucose (7.6 mg/kg/day) for four days. The sugars were adminstered by continuous intravenous infusion through a catheter placed in the superior vena cava which was maintained in position with a swivel harness apparatus allowing complete freedom of motion during therapy. There was a 20% reduction in tumor size (mean diameter) during fucose infusion, while the controls increased by 5%. The fucose did produce a diuresis but no toxicity was encountered. At sacrifice, on the 23rd day of tumor growth, bone marrow, liver, kidney, and spleen were normal histologically. Tumor fucose was approximately doubled in those receiving fucose, as compared to the control and dextrose treated animals.