bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Iron-rhodonite’ (from slag) and pyroxmangite and their relation to rhodonite
Authors: Perutz Max 
Published: December 2006

The pyroxmangite and rhodonite, here examined by X-ray methods, are from the Lewisian schists at Glen Beag, in the Glenelg district, Inverness-shire. The material was exhibited by Prof. C. E. Tilley at the meeting of the Society on November 5, 1936, and it has since been described by him. The specimen of ‘iron-rhodonite’ was from the iron slag described by Whiteley and Hallimond, and is no. 7a in their table of analyses.The unit cell of the ‘iron-rhodonite’ was determined by means of the Weissenberg goniometer and the data obtained are compared in table I with Gossner and Brückl's determination for rhodonite. The unit cell of pyroxmangite was determined by taking a Weissenberg photograph about the c-axis and oscillation photographs about the a- and b-axes.
The identity of zinckenite and keeleyite
Authors: Vaux George , Bannister F. A. 
Published: December 2006

Zinckenite was first described in 1826 by G. Rose, who determined it to be an orthorhombic mineral. The crystals were thought to be seldom single, but to occur in nearly hexagonal forms as a result of twinning in some fashion similar to that found in aragonite. The presence of longitudinal striations on the lateral faces was taken as further evidence that the crystals were twinned. The composition was given by H. Rose as PbSb2S4or PbS.Sb2S3. The original specimens which were described came from the antimony mine of Woffsberg in the Harz.In 1922 S. G. Gordon described a new lead sulfantimonite from Oruro, Bolivia, which he named keeleyite. This mineral he presumed to he orthorhombic, although no measurable crystals were found, and the formula was given as Pb2Sb6S11or 2PbS.3Sb2S3.
Zoned olivines and their petrogenetic significance
Authors: Tomkeieff S. I. 
Published: December 2006

The object of this paper is to demonstrate the widespread occurrence of zoned olivines in igneous rocks, to show that the zoning is continuous, that the composition varies from a magnesium-rich centre to an iron-enriched margin, and that these findings have an important bearing on the question of petrogenesis.I propose to express the composition of olivine by stating only the percentage of fayalite, as the rock-forming olivines belong mainly to the forsterite-fayalite series. There are, however, a number of names in use for the members of this series. Assuming that the two names forsterite and fayalite are insufficient for the needs of classification, it yet seems to me that all but four of the existing names are superfluous.
Prismatic cleavage and steep rhombohedral form in α-quartz
Authors: Drugman Julien 
Published: December 2006

As is well known, quartz rarely shows well-defined cleavages. Kenngott has shown that quartz that has suddenly been cooled, after strong heating, has a tendency to break up in the directions of rhombohedron faces. Breithaupt (cf. Hintze, Min., 1904, vol. 1, p. 1273) mentions ‘cleavage following the primary rhombohedron and the prism, rarely well defined, often passing into conchoidal fracture’.It may be useful to put on record an example of clear rock-crystal in which cleavage is developed in all three 60° directions of the prism faces. The specimen was originally in the Daimeries collection, in Brussels, having been bought years ago at Idar, near Oberstein on the Nahe, by A. Daimeries. I obtained it from Mr. A. G. F. Gregory, who had bought the Daimeries collection. The locality from which it came is, unfortunately, unknown.
The crystallography of sartorite
Authors: Bannister F. A. , Pabst Adolf , Vaux George 
Published: December 2006

Sartorite is one of four minerals once thought to be isomorphous. Of these only two are truly so—chalcostibite, copper antimony sulphide, CuSbS2; and emplectite, copper bismuth sulphide, CuBiS2—both orthorhombic minerals. The third, zinckenite, has been shown by two of the authors to be hexagonal and to approach more closely the formula Pb6Sb14S27 ═ 6PbS.7Sb2S3 than PbSb2S4 ═ PbS.Sb2S3. It seemed appropriate to continue a study of the series by an X-ray investigation of sartorite, a lead arsenic sulphide formerly supposed isomorphous with zinckenite. More than usual interest was attached to such a task, since discrepant interpretations of the symmetry and setting of sartorite had been obtained by well-known crystallographers.Indeed, the difficulties of indexing different crystals of sartorite on the same lattice proved insuperable to G. F. H. Smith and R. H. Solly, so that they devised three incongruent lattices—one monoclinie and two anorthic. Also they used slightly different elements for each crystal. Their device, however, was not uniformly successful with certain crystals of sartorite previously measured by C. O. Trechmann. Two crystals in particular eluded their efforts. These, they decided, could not belong to the same species, but must be another mineral, perhaps a dimorphous form of sartorite, which they then named sartorite-α.
Crystal-structure of a natural nickel-iron alloy
Authors: Owen E. A. , Burns B. D. 
Published: December 2006

Natural nickel-iron alloys have been found in several places on the earth's surface. In addition to alloys containing a low percentage of nickel (about 3%), there are others which contain much higher percentages of nickel (about 70%). To alloys of the latter group the name awaruite is now generally given and it may include josephinite, souesite, and other alloys possessing high nickel content so long as they belong to the same phase and possess identical crystal-structures.It is of interest to the mineralogist to know whether these alloys conform to the structure of nickel-iron alloys prepared in the laboratory and whether they fit into the accepted phase diagram of the nickel-iron system. It is of interest also to the physicist and the metallurgist to obtain information concerning these natural alloys, because some nickel-iron alloys made in the laboratory are difficult to prepare in a state of true equilibrium. Data derived from the study of the natural alloys may help to throw light upon the structure of these artificial alloys.
Crystallography of aramayoite
Authors: Berman Harry , Wolfe C. W. 
Published: December 2006

The original description of aramayoite by Spencer in 1926 contained only a qualitative discussion of the crystallography, because suitable crystals for a more rigorous treatment were not found. The pseudo-tetragonal symmetry was recognized, and cleavages were noted, but only one was defined. Twinning was later observed in polished section by Schneiderhöhn and Ramdohr, but undefined. Yardley demonstrated the triclinic symmetry of aramayoite by the Laue method, and determined the spacings of a considerable number of planes in the crystal. From these data she formulated a unit cell and correlated the X-ray data with Spencer's crystallographic results.Several specimens of aramayoite found in our recently acquired Ahlfeld Bolivian collection contained small but excellent crystals. Measurement of these indicated that the Yardley X-ray crystallography was not consistent with an adequate morphological treatment of the form-development. The twenty-seven forms found by us lead to an obvious crystallographic unit (fig. 1), bearing a rather complex relationship to the Yardley unit. In order to test the suitability of the latter, we repeated the X-ray examination by the modern Weissenberg method and found complete accordance with our morphological treatment, as will be shown below.
Iron-rich kornerupine from Port Shepstone, Natal
Authors: de Villiers J. E. 
Published: December 2006

A very interesting kornerupine-bearing rock was sent by Mr. W. H. Cross during 1938 to the Geological Survey for identification. The material, of which about 800 grams were available for study, was stated to have been found in the Port Shepstone district. The occurrence has, however, not been visited by the writer.The hand-specimens examined were all somewhat weathered. Macroscopically these consisted of an intergrowth of grey, columnar crystals of kornerupine, up to 5 centimetres in length, and adhering iron-stained quartz. Shiny ‘books’ of biotite occur both in the kornerupine and the quartz, while small patches and specks of dark brown tourmaline and bluish grandidierite were observed enclosed in the kornerupine.
Hydrozincite from Narlarla, West Kimberley district, Western Australia
Authors: Prider Rex T. 
Published: December 2006

Hintze (1930) has pointed out the considerable variation in analyses of hydrozincite and the various formulae assigned to this mineral. Further data concerning this comparativeIy rare mineral are therefore desirable. Hydrozincite has been found at Narlarla, Western Australia, and this material is described below.Narlarla is situated in the Napier Range, West Kimberley district (long. 124° 43′ E., lat. 17° 16′ S.), 75 miles due east from Derby, on the south side of the Barker River gorge (fig. 1). Several small silver-lead-zinc ore-deposits occur in the hills at Narlarla which are made up entirely of Devonian limestone. The occurrences have been described by Woodward (1907, p. 11), who, in his report, gives the results of assays of several specimens of the ore. These occurrences are Unique as they are the only known post pre-Cambrian primary ore-deposits in Western Australia. (Secondary gold deposits occur in the Donnybrook sandstone which is considered to be probably of Permian age (Forman, 1936).) The unique character of the Narlarla deposits has been noted by Simpson (1939, p. 218), who, however, offers no explanation as to their genesis. The absence of any post-Devonian igneous intrusives, other than the leucite-lamproite plugs (Wade and Prider, 1940) which are intrusive into the Permian rocks of the Fitzroy River area to the south of Narlarla, seems to indicate that these deposits are genetically related to the lamproite magma. The nearest known occurrence of the leucite-lamproites is at Mr. North, some 15 miles to the south (fig. 1), but there may be closer occurrences as the area has not been very closely examined, and the widespread distribution of the lamproite magma has been demonstrated (Wade and Prider, 1940).
Dravite-bearing rocks from Dinas Head, Cornwall
Authors: Agrell S. O. 
Published: December 2006

In a previous paper describing the geological and petrographical details of the adinoles of Dinas Head, short references were made to the common occurrence among the adinoles and associated rock-types of the magnesia-rich tourmaline, dravite. It is proposed now to describe these tourmaline-rich rocks in more detail and to discuss the question of their origin.Adinoles with accessory tourmaline occur wherever true adinoles are developed at Dinas Head, although tourmaline is characteristically absent from types 2 a, b, c, and 3 [1, pp. 318–323]. Bands with up to 30 % tourmaline occur interbanded with normal adinoles of type 1 and with certain spilosites.
Native gold and silver with other minerals from the Old West mine, Penhalonga, Southern Rhodesia (With Plate III.)
Authors: Macgregor A. M. 
Published: December 2006

Large specimens of native gold showing crystalline form are not at all common in Southern Rhodesia, but the recently discovered gold with adherent silver from the Old West mine, Penhalonga, would be outstanding wherever it had been found.About the middle of December 1940, Mr. D. V. Burnett, Director and Consulting Engineer to the Rezende Mines Limited, the owners of the property, lent two specimens to the Geological Survey for examination. The following week Mr. B. Lightfoot, Director of the Southern Rhodesia Geological Survey, visited the mine and examined the cavity where the specimens had been found. He made notes and collected specimens of the associated minerals, and borrowed a few other specimens which had been retained at the mine.
On a crystal of augelite from California
Authors: Peacock M. A. , Moddle D. A. 
Published: December 2006

Augelite was originally described from Sweden by Blomstrand (1868) who obtained the composition 2Al2O3.P2O5.3H2O from a massive mineral with cleavage in three directions. No further description of this inadequately defined mineral appeared until Prior and Spencer (1895) gave their complete and exact characterization of well-crystallized material from Machacamarca, department Potosi, Bolivia, supplemented by observations by Spencer (1898, 1907) on further finds at Tatasi, department Potosi, and at Oruro, Bolivia.Lemmon (1935) first recognized augelite as cleavage masses in the commercial deposit of andalusite at White Mountain, Mono County, California, and gave determinative observations which established the identity of the mineral. In this locality Kerr (1932) had noted corundum, diaspore, pyrophyllite, alunite, lazulite, and rutile, associated with the andalusite. In addition to these minerals Professor Joseph Murdoch of the University of California at Los Angeles, has found small, white, tabular crystals of apatite in a specimen carrying augelite. Crystals of augelite from this deposit, with a number of new forms, were mentioned by Pough (1936) in an inconspicuous notice which we did not see until our work was nearly done.
A geochemical study of Lewisian metasedimentary granulites and gneisses in the Scourie-Laxford area of the north-west Scotland
Authors: Okeke P. O. , Borley G. D. , Watson J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMajor element, trace element, and REE data for metasedimentary granulites and their retrogressed derivatives formed from Archaean parent-rocks at two localities in the Lewisian complex of north-west Scotland are presented.The metasedimentary rocks are enclosed in and intruded by metatonalites and related calc-alkaline rocks and have been highly deformed and metamorphosed along with these rocks. They are geochemically distinct from this meta-igneous suite and range from highly aluminous to highly siliceous types. Comparisons of major and trace element data with those for unmetamorphosed Archaean and post-Archaean sediments suggest that they are derived from a detrital shale-greywacke assemblage, which may have included a volcaniclastic component. High ΣREE and ΣLREE suggest that the source-rocks included fractionated felsic igneous rocks.Evidence that depletion in the large ion lithophile elements K, Rb, Th accompanied high-pressure granulite metamorphism supports the view, based on data derived from the associated meta-igneous rocks, that depletion was effected by active fluids rather than by abstraction of a partial melt and suggests that removal of K and Th began only when a considerable reduction of Rb had taken place.
Clay minerals in the basalts of the South Pennines
Authors: Walters S. G. , Ineson P. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractX-ray diffraction, electron microprobe and STEM EDAX analyses of basalts from the South Pennines (Derbyshire) indicate that Fe-rich smectites are the dominant alteration products, occurring either as pseudomorphs or infilling veins and vesicles. Previously chlorite has been identified as the common alteration product but its occurrence is very infrequent.
Vertical chemical gradients in a single grain of magnetite from the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Authors: Grant Cawthorn R. , Mccarthy T. S. , Davies G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractVery large crystals of magnetite, up to 2 cm, are found in pure magnetitite layers in the upper zone of the Bushveld Complex. Detailed electron microprobe analysis of one of these indicates a vertical compositional zoning of Cr (a highly compatible element in magnetite) quite different from the concentric zonation often found, for example, in feldspars in intrusive rocks. It is shown that these crystals could not have grown to their present size in suspension in the magma chamber. Annealing of many small crystals into a single grain could occur either by the Ostwald ripening process at temperatures close to the liquidus or by subsolidus recrystallization. Alternatively, these grains could have formeddirectlyfrom the magma by upward growth from the floor of the magma chamber, by a process analogous to crescumulate or heteradcumulate growth but in the absence of other crystallizing phases. All of these models require the observed Cr gradient to be produced during the initial crystallization event and not as a secondary effect.
Gortdrumite, a new sulphide mineral containing copper and mercury, from Ireland
Authors: Steed G. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGortdrumite superficially resembles chalcocite but is more distinctly anisotropic, and is present in a vein containing ferroan dolomite and baryte which cuts dolomitized limestones from the Gortdrum Orebody of County Tipperary, Ireland. It has an empirical formula of approximately (Cu,Fe)6Hg2S5. A distinctive powder diffraction X-ray pattern has been obtained which indicates a probable orthorhombic crystal lattice with a 14.96, b 7.90, and c 24.1 Å. The reflectivity at 589 nm is 25.1 to 27.9% and the VHN10 hardness range 186 to 230.
Wilcoxite and lannonite, two new fluosulphates from catron county, New Mexico
Authors: Williams S. A. , Cesbron F. P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBoth Species were Found as post-Mine Minerals in the Lone Pine mine, Catron County, New Mexico. They occur encrusting ores of fluorite-pyrite with khademite and gypsum.Wilcoxite is clear, colourless to white, H = 2, D = 1.58. Abundant as spongy masses of perfect to somewhat rounded crystals. Stubby prisms are bounded by {100}, {010}, {110}, {10}, and {01}. Triclinic P or P1 with a = 14.90, b = 6.65, c = 6.77 Å, α = 117° 26′, β = 100° 35′, γ = 80° 10′, and Z = 1. Strongest lines are 5.654(9) 110, 11, 4.908(10) 11, 4.371(6) 201, 210, and 3.384(5) 11, 111. Biaxial negative with α = 1.424, β = 1.436, γ = 1.438, 2Vα = 48°. Analysis gave MgO 6.61%, Al2O3 8.13, Fe2O3 0.46, MnO 0.13, SO3 27.50, H2O 56.40, F 3.48, total 101.24 (corr. for O ≡ F) leading to MgAl(SO4)2F·18H2O.Lannonite is usually as chalky white aggregates of microscopic tetragonal (square) platelets; H = 2, D = 2.22. Indexed as tetragonal a = 6.84, c = 28.01 Å, and Z = 1. Strongest lines are 13.98(10) 002, 4.840(7) 110, 3.980(5) 116, and 3.456(7) 017. Uniaxial positive with ω = 1.460 and ε = 1.478. Analysis gave CaO 12.06%, MgO 4.46, Al2O3 11.06, SO3 34.40, H2O 32.00, F 9.44, total 99.45 (corr. for O ≡ F) leading to HCa4Mg2Al4 (SO4)8F9·32H2O.Both minerals and mineral names have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and New Mineral Names, IMA.New analytical data for the khademite associated with these species are presented.
Fluocerite and its alteration products from the Afu Hills, Nigeria
Authors: Styles M. T. , Young B. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEluvial pebbles from the Afu Hills, Nigeria, are largely composed of fluocerite, Ce0.50La0.28Nd0.11 Pr0.04Th0.03Ca0.02F3, with minor monazite. The fluocerite shows two types of alteration, to bastnäsite, and to bastnäsite-(La) with cerianite. Electron microprobe analyses are given for fluocerite, monazite, bastnäsite and bastnäsite-(La). The refined cell parameters of the fluocerite are a = 7.130±0.001, c = 7.2985 ± 0.001 Å. Strongest lines are 3.204 Å (100), 3.65 (45), 2.059 (45), 2.010 (45) and 3.565 (40). Space group P 63/mcm, Z = 6, Dcalc. = 6.12 g cm−3, ω = 1.613, ε = 1.609 both ±0.002, uniaxial negative. For bastnäsite a = 7.131 ± 0.002, c = 9.786±0.004 Å, for cerianite a = 5.460 ± 0.005 Å.
Occurrence of thaumasite in a seawater-basalt interaction, mururoa atoll (French Polynesia, South Pacific)
Authors: Noack Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe first occurrence of thaumasite resulting from seawater-basalt interaction has been discovered in a drill hole on Mururoa atoll (French Polynesia, South Pacific). This sulphate-carbonate-silicate is associated with zeolites (phillipsite, chabazite, gmelinite), apophyllite, analcime, and gyrolite. In this environment thaumasite can be considered as the last mineral of an alteration sequence. It crystallized from a Ca-SO3-CO2-rich and Al-Na-K-poor fluid. The temperature of this solution is unknown, but was probably not greater than 100°C.
Incommensurate superlattice ordering in priderite
Authors: Pring A. , Jefferson D. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe mineral priderite has been examined by electron microprobe analysis and electron diffraction. The composition was approximately (K0.97Ba0.33)(Fe1.17Ti6.60Mg0.23)O16, which is in line with the observed superlattice periodicity of m = 5.88, there being inter-growths of m = 5 and m = 6 superstructures. A surprisingly high degree of lateral correlation between tunnel cations was noted.
The aqueous chemistry of uranium minerals. 4. Schröckingerite, grimselite, and related alkali uranyl carbonates
Authors: O'Brien Timothy J. , Williams Peter A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractUsing solution techniques, ΔG°f(298.2k) has been calculated for schröckingerite, NaCa3UO2(CO3)3 SO4F · 10H2O, and grimselite, NaK3UO2(CO3)3 · H2O. The values are −8077.3 ±8.7 and −4051.3 ±1.8 kJ mol−1 respectively. ΔH°f(298.2k) for grimselite is −4359.0 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1. An estimate for ΔG°f of the synthetic compound Na4UO2(CO3)3(s) using previously published equilibria has been made, −3720.0±9.7 kJ mol−1. The results have been used to reconstruct the chemical environments in which these and related compounds can form. Grimselite is only stable at relatively high activities of K(aq)+ and the alkali metal carbonates containing only potassium or sodium ions have not been reported to occur naturally. This is most probably due to their relatively high solubility in water. Schröckingerite can form from solutions which are more than saturated with respect to calcite and fluorite. The close relationship of schröckingerite with gypsum, observed frequently in the field, is evident from synthetic and solution studies.
Petrology of alkali wehrlite sills in the Oman Mountains
Authors: Lippard S. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlkaline mafic sills of Jurassic to Cretaceous age in the Oman Mountains have coarse-grained wehrlite centres composed of olivine and zoned diopside-titanaugite with large interstitial poikilitic titanian hornblendes and titanian barian phlogopites and biotites which appear to have crystallized from a trapped, intergranular, volatile-rich liquid. The fine-grained chilled margins of the sills are olivine-poor and composed largely of titanaugite, kaersutite, sphene, and interstitial altered plagioclase. The rocks have high contents of incompatible elements (Ti, P, Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb, and others) and steeply inclined, light element enriched, REE patterns. The parent magma is estimated to have been a hydrous alkali picrite with c. 12% MgO from which the wehrlite formed by olivine accumulation. The unusual tectonic setting of the sills, in a Mesozoic continental margin sequence emplaced in an Alpine thrust belt, is noted.
Malayaite and tin-bearing garnet from a skarn at Gumble, NSW, Australia
Authors: Mulholland I. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMalayaite and tin-bearing garnet occur within a skarn assemblage at Gumble, NSW. A metasomatic origin is proposed for these minerals under conditions of T = 300-500°C Xco2 < 0.30 and fO2 = 10−18 to 10−30 bars. Malayaite has formed as a result of reaction between a metasomatic fluid rich in Sn, F, H2O and silica, and tin-bearing andradite and wollastonite. The main requirements for tin-bearing skarn formation appear to be an F-Sn-rich granite, an iron-rich skarn assemblage, and a relatively long cooling history.