bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praxis, Language, Dialogue
Authors: Claycomb Brandon , Mulberry Greig 
Published: May 2008

Praxis, Language, Dialogue
Human engagement with the world develops and evolves into increasingly social, complex, and explicit modes. This essay examines the evolution of meaningful human engagement from simple embodied activity, to language-less social praxis, and then to praxis incorporating increasingly rich forms of linguistic action, culminating in theory. Each mode of meaningful engagement creates a space in which new modes of meaning can develop. These new ways of experiencing, acting, and communicating create their own meaning contexts, which provide the settings for the further evolution of humans' phenomenological, hermeneutic, and practical involvements. Each mode of meaning gives rise to its successors, allowing humans to acquire new powers to understand and manipulate their environments and each other. This increase and refinement of human power raises ethical issues that we address using the Gadamerian concept of dialogue.
Dis/Abling Practices: Rethinking Disability
Authors: Schillmeier Michael 
Published: May 2008

Dis/Abling Practices: Rethinking Disability
The paper discusses how ordinary acts of everyday life make up the complex and contingent scenarios of disabilities that create enabling and disabling (dis/abling) practices. Drawing on qualitative empirical data the societal visibility and relevance of dis/abling practices are analyzed by connecting disability studies and sociological ideas with insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS). The essay explores how (visual) dis/ability is the outcome of human and non-human configurations and suggests that dis/ability can be understood neither as an individual bodily impairment nor as a socially attributed disability. Rather, dis/ability refers to complex sets of heterogeneous practices that (re-)associate bodies, material objects, and technologies with sensory practices. These practices, the paper concludes, draw attention to the multiple processes that (re-) concatenate the conduct of human affairs.
"Trust" and Professional Power: Towards a Social Theory of Self
Authors: Powell Jason , Gilbert Tony 
Published: May 2008

"Trust" and Professional Power: Towards a Social Theory of Self
This paper sets out to delve into the relationship trust and professional authority in the context of health care. Understood in its micro-political terms and conceived as impacting on individualorganisational levels and the socio-political; this relationship stands at the interface of competingpressures working to produce the increasing complexity of social life. “Trust” is inextricably linked withuncertainty and complexity while professional authority rests on the specialist knowledge claimed bythe range of experts and technologists that inhabit the spaces through which social life is governed andcomplexity managed.
Sense of Community and its Sustenance in Africa
Authors: Oyeshile Olatunji 
Published: May 2008

Sense of Community and its Sustenance in Africa
There is no gainsaying the fact that Africa is inundated with many problems which have made the development and the attainment of social order, conceived in normative terms, daunting tasks. It is also a fact that there are many causes of this scenario such as political marginalization, ethnic chauvinism, economic mismanagement, religious bigotry and corruption in its various facets. However, in this disquisition we identify the lack of the development, internalization and application of the sense of community, loosely tagged community consciousness, as a major factor that has aggravated the African crisis and which if addressed can reverse the order of things positively. It is the contention of this paper that fundamentally in the case of Africa, as shown in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia and Nigeria, there has been a blind pursuit of private or individual interests to the detriment of the public sphere or public good. Ironically too, when leaders put up repressive laws in the pretense to pursue the public good, the underlying motive has always been the pursuit of selfish private whims and caprices. We noted that in contemporary Africa a major way towards a desired level of social order and development consists in engendering the required sense of community (a situation in which there is mutual co-operation, interdependence and fellow-feeling) on which other developments can be predicated. Although, the quest and realization of the sense of community is not a grand solution to our myriad of problems in Africa, at least it forms the basis on which we can start to address our problems in Africa in a meaningful way.
The influence of the catalyst on the kinetics of ethyl metacrylate synthesis
Authors: Grzesik Mirosław , Witczak Teresa 
Published: May 2008

The influence of the catalyst on the kinetics of ethyl metacrylate synthesis
The synthesis of ethyl metacrylate in the liquid phase was studied. Tungstophosphoric and molybdophosphoric acids, which belong to heteropolyacids group, were used as a catalyst. The chemical compounds from this group are often utilized in the catalysis with regard to their activity and selectivity. The rate equations, reaction rate constants and equilibrium constants have been determined. The reaction order and the kinetic parameters of the kinetic relations were determined by the integral method. All rate equations are formulated with activities taking the non ideal effects of the compounds into consideration. It was found that the kinetics of the esterification of the presented reactions was non-elementary
The effect of supports on coke deposition on supported platinum and platinum-tin catalysts investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy
Authors: Sarbak Zenon 
Published: May 2008

The effect of supports on coke deposition on supported platinum and platinum-tin catalysts investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy
Coke deposit is produced from ethylene on the surface of the platinum and platinum-tin catalysts supported on two various Al2 O3, SiO2 and SiO2 -Al2O3. The coke amount and the structure depend on the type and the amount of the components introduced onto the catalyst support and on the type of the support. It has been found that the surface area of the support has no significant effect on the type of species in the coke deposit. The analysis of the FT-IR spectra has shown the presence of different species on the surface of the catalysts, including carboxyl groups, pseudo-graphite (polyaromatic) structures, polyphenylene groups, acetyl groups, carbonyl groups of acetone and formate type, enol species.
The influence of organic diluents and solvents on the stability of PVC plastisol water dispersions
Authors: Makarewicz Edwin , Jan´czak Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

The influence of organic diluents and solvents on the stability of PVC plastisol water dispersions
The work presents the research, the aim of which is to specify the influence of organic diluents and solvents such as xylene, toluene, n-butyl acetate and butanol as well as cyclohexanone on the stability of water dispersions of the PVC plastisol containing various surface-active agents (SAA). The applied surfactants were characterised by a specific ethoxylation number, molecular mass, the Hildebrand parameter, hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, surface activity, the limiting viscosity number, the Haller interaction constant, the limiting equivalent conductivity and the Kohlrausch-Onsager equation "b" constant. Basing on the molar refraction and the Hildebrand parameter, the interactions between the plastisol constituents and the constituents of water dispersions of the PVC plastisol were established. The sedimentation tests on the PVC plastisol water dispersions stabilized by various surface-active agents with an organic diluent or solvent added indicated that the addition resulted in the dispergation yield, a reduction in the PVC plastisol molecular size in water dispersion and the increased Huggins interaction constant, showing both surface lyophilisation and higher adsorption of surface-active agents.
Mathematical modelling of wet oxidation of excess sludge
Authors: Chacuk Andrzej , Imbierowicz Mirosław 
Published: May 2008

Mathematical modelling of wet oxidation of excess sludge
A mathematical model enabling a quantitative description of wet oxidation of excess sludge in continuous bubble columns is proposed. The model consists of mass and heat transfer kinetic equations and material and heat balance equations of gas and liquid phases flowing through the absorber. The equations of material and heat balance refer to a parallel, co- current flow of gas and liquid phase and take into account a complex chemical reaction in the liquid phase core. The proposed model was used in a numerical simulation of wet oxidation in a bubble absorber for different process conditions: flow rate and composition of the gas and liquid phase, temperature and pressure, and different heights and diameters of the column.
Synthesis of photoreactive solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives in the recovered system
Authors: Milker Roland , Czech Zbigniew , Wesołowska Marta 
Published: May 2008

Synthesis of photoreactive solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives in the recovered system
The present paper discloses a novel photoreactive solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) systems, especially suitable for the so much adhesive film applications as the double-sided, single-sided or carrier-free technical tapes, self-adhesive labels, protective films, marking and sign films and wide range of medical products. The novel photoreactive solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesives contain no volatile organic compounds (residue monomers or organic solvent) and comply with the environment and legislation. The synthesis of this new type of acrylic PSA is conducted in common practice by solvent polymerisation. After the organic solvent are removed, there remains a non-volatile, solvent-free highly viscous material, which can be processed on a hot-melt coating machine at the temperatures of about 100 to 140°C.
The Influence of Urea on the KHCO3 and NH4VO3 Solubility in the KHCO3 + NH4VO3 + H2O System
Authors: Kiełkowska Urszula , Trypuć Mieczysław , Mazurek Krzysztof , Drużyński Sebastian 
Published: May 2008

The Influence of Urea on the KHCO3 and NH4VO3 Solubility in the KHCO3 + NH4VO3 + H2O System
The influence of urea on the vanadium(V) and potassium ion concentrations in the KHCO3 + NH4VO3 + H2O system was determined in the temperature range of 293 K to 303 K. Additionally, the solution density dependence versus the urea concentration was presented. These data are essential for the assessment of optimum operating conditions for the new production process of potassium carbonate.
Mass transfer in the bath reactor of the adsorption process of 1,2-dichloropropane from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon
Authors: Pełech Robert 
Published: May 2008

Mass transfer in the bath reactor of the adsorption process of 1,2-dichloropropane from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon
A pseudo-second order rate equation describing the kinetics of the adsorption of 1,2-dichloropropane from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon at different initial concentrations, adsorbent dose, temperature, particle diameter and the rate of stirring have been developed. The rate constant was calculated. The rate constant correlation in a good mixing conditions was described as a function of the temperature.
Application of fly ash agglomerates in the sorption of arsenic
Authors: Polowczyk Izabela , Bastrzyk Anna , Koźlecki Tomasz , Rudnicki Piotr , Sawiński Wojciech , Sadowski Zygmunt , Sokołowski Adam 
Published: May 2008

Application of fly ash agglomerates in the sorption of arsenic
The scope of this contribution was to investigate in detail an application of fly ash adsorbent for the removal of arsenite ions from à dilute solution. The experiments have been carried out using fly ash from black coal burning power plant "Siersza" and brown coal burning power plant "Turów" (Poland), which was wetted, then mixed and tumbled in the granulator with a small amount of cement to increase the mechanical strength of agglomerates. The measurements of arsenic adsorption from the aqueous solution were carried out in the flask (with shaking), as well as in the column (with circulation), in order to compare two different methods of contacting waste with adsorbent. The adsorption isotherms of arsenic were determined for granulated material, using the Freundlich model. Kinetics studies indicated that the sorption follows a pseudo-first-order (PFO) model (Lagergren) and the Elovich-type model.
The new method of 1,2-epoxy-3-butanol production over titanium silicalite catalysts
Authors: Wajzberg Joanna , Wróblewska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2008

The new method of 1,2-epoxy-3-butanol production over titanium silicalite catalysts
The results of 1-butene-3-ol (1B3O) epoxidation over the titanium silicalite catalysts: TS-1, Ti-Beta, Ti-MCM-41 has been presented. The optimal parameters obtained for the individual catalyst were compared. The main functions describing the process were: the selectivity of transformation to 1,2-epoxy-3-butanol (1,2E3B) in relation to 1B3O consumed, the conversions of 1B3O and hydrogen peroxide and the selectivity of the transformation to organic compounds in relation to the H2O2 consumed. The main product of the epoxidation process was 1,2-epoksy-3-butanol, the chemical compounds having a lot of applications.
The pressure method of 1-butene-3-ol epoxidation over Ti-beta catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Wajzberg Joanna , Milchert Eugeniusz , Grzmil Barbara , Ziebro Janusz 
Published: May 2008

The pressure method of 1-butene-3-ol epoxidation over Ti-beta catalyst
The investigations of 1-buten-3-ol (1B3O) epoxidation by 30% hydrogen peroxide over Ti-Beta catalyst were performed. The experiments were carried out under the autogenic pressure and at the presence of methanol as a solvent. The influence of the following technological parameters on the course of epoxidation: temperature (20 - 120°C), the molar ratio of 1B3O/H2O2 (0.5:1 - 5:1), methanol concentration (5 - 90 wt%.), Ti-Beta concentration (0.1 - 5.0 wt%) and the reaction time (0.5 - 5.0 h) was investigated. The main functions describing the process were: the selectivity of transformation to 1,2-epokxy-3-butanol in relation to 1B3O consumed, conversions of substrates as well as the selectivity of transformation to organic compounds in relation hydrogen peroxide consumed.
Application of catalysts in the treatment of selected waste chloroorganic compounds
Authors: Żarczyński Andrzej , Zaborowski Marcin , Paryjczak Tadeusz , Gorzka Zbigniew , Kaźmierczak Marek 
Published: May 2008

Application of catalysts in the treatment of selected waste chloroorganic compounds
Tetrachloromethane (TCM) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TChE) were oxidized in the temperature range from 300 to 600°C and at contact time of 0.36 s. The following catalysts were applied during the process: the granular one - platinum (0.12%) at the TiO2-SiO2 carrier, platinum ZChO-80 (0.15%) at γ-Al2O3 carrier, palladium (1%) at γ-Al2O3 carrier and monolithic platinum-rhodium catalyst (Pt - 0.09% and Rh - 0.04%) at the cordierite carrier.
The substrates were oxidized in the presence of the above mentioned catalysts with various efficiencies depending on the molecular structure and the type of the catalyst. Palladium contact appeared to be the most active among the others. In the presence of this catalyst, total oxidation of TCM and TChE proceeded at the temperature of 425 and 500°C, respectively. The content of PCDD/Fs in gaseous products obtained during the oxidation of both substrates, was significantly lower than the admissible value of the toxicity equivalent (0.1 ng TEQ/m3).
The impact of composts prepared from different organic waste on the total number of soil microorganisms
Authors: Michalcewicz Wiera , Wołoszyk Czesław , Balcer Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

The impact of composts prepared from different organic waste on the total number of soil microorganisms
In a two-factor pot experiment impact of two doses of six types of composts prepared from the municipal sewage sludge with an addition of canteen waste, wheat straw and cocoa husk on the total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were exmined. The light soil used in the experiment was taken from the Ap level of an arable field. On all the objects with composts there was mineral NPK fertilization applied, the control object was fertilized with the NPK only. The test plant was grass Festulolium which was harvested three times and after the third cut the samples of the soil were taken for microbiological analyses.
The conducted research shows that the number of microorganisms in soil was dependent on the dose and the type of the compost. The second dose of the compost, in comparison with the control object, in most composts considerably increased the number of bacteria and the first dose increased the number of actinomycetes. However, the number of fungi, in most cases, with both doses of composts, was lower than in the soil from the control object. The highest number of bacteria was noticed on the object with the co-most prepared from 35% sewage sludge + 35% canteen waste + 30% straw and actinomycetes on the object with the compost prepared from 35% sewage sludge + 35% canteen waste + 30% cocoa husk. The development of the soil fungi was restrained in the highest degree by the first dose of the compost prepared from 35% sewage sludge + 35% canteen waste + 15% straw + 15% cocoa husk and by the second dose of the compost prepared from 70% sewage sludge + 30% straw.
Reverse osmosis application in the recycling of zinc from the electroplating shop wastewater
Authors: Porębski Tadeusz , Tomzik Sławomir , Ratajczak Włodzimierz , Talma-Piwowar Marzena , Koprowski Adam 
Published: May 2008

Reverse osmosis application in the recycling of zinc from the electroplating shop wastewater
The paper reveals the results of the research on the reverse osmosis recovery of zinc from galvanic electroplating. The pilot plant tests were performed in an electroplating shop. Raw washings were concentrated with a spiral wound 2.5x40" module with a composite polymeric membrane.
The research tests have proved that the proposed RO process enables successful concentration of the nonferrous metal in raw washings. The retentate of the RO process has contained about 96% of the metal previously wasted in washings discharged to the environment. The retentate can be recycled to the mother electroplating process. The permeate of the RO process can be recycled to the washing system of the electroplating shop.
Removal of organic dye in the hybrid photocatalysis/membrane processes system
Authors: Grzechulska-Damszel Joanna , Morawski Antoni 
Published: May 2008

Removal of organic dye in the hybrid photocatalysis/membrane processes system
The removal of azo dye Acid Red 18 in hybrid photocatalysis/membrane processes systems was investigated. The photocatalytic reactions were conducted in the reactor with photocatalyst suspended in the solution. The reaction solution was recirculated through the ultrafiltration system. A commercially available titanium dioxide (Aeroxide® P25, Degussa, Germany) was used as a photocatalyst. The solution after the photocatalytic/UF reaction was applied as the feed for the membrane distillation process. The changes of various parameters, including the concentration of the dye, pH and the conductivity of the solution, TOC and TDS content were analyzed during the process.
It was found that azo dye Acid Red 18 could be successfully decolourised in the hybrid photocatalysis/UF system. The catalyst particles were retained in the feed solution by means of the ultrafiltration membrane so the obtained permeate was free of TiO2. The application of ultrafiltration together with the photocatalytic process results in the separation of photocatalyst from the treated solution but does not give the complete removal of organic matter from the reaction mixture. Membrane distillation applied with the permeate after the photocatalysis/UF process as a feed gives a complete separation of TOC from the treated solution and the obtained product is practically pure water.
Extraction of Palladium(II) Ions from Chloride Solutions with Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Cyphos®IL101
Authors: Cieszyńska Anna , Regel-Rosocka Magdalena , Wiśniewski Maciej 
Published: May 2008

Extraction of Palladium(II) Ions from Chloride Solutions with Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Cyphos®IL101
The extraction of palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions of various concentrations in the presence of different amounts of sodium chloride with phosphonium ionic liquid Cyphos®IL101 in toluene was investigated. The extraction of Pd(II) is very effective. The percentage extraction of Pd(II) from 0.1 mol dm- 3 HCl solution amounts to 97% with Cyphos®IL101. Both the increase in HCl concentration and the presence of NaCl have a negative influence on the extraction. The extent of extraction from 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl solution in the presence of 0.5 mol dm-3 NaCl is about 80% and from 3 mol dm-3 HCl is lower and amounts to 56%. The extraction of Pd(II) from aqueous 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl and from 0.1 mol dm-3 HCl in the presence of 0.5 mol dm-3 NaCl with this phosphonium ionic liquid is rapid and the equilibrium is achieved after 1 - 2 minutes. The extraction of Pd(II) from aqueous 3 mol dm-3 HCl is slower and the equilibrium is achieved after 5 - 6 minutes.
Epoxidation of 1-buten-3-ol under atmospheric pressure over the Ti-Beta catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Wajzberg Joanna 
Published: May 2008

Epoxidation of 1-buten-3-ol under atmospheric pressure over the Ti-Beta catalyst
The results of 1-buten-3-ol (1B3O) epoxidation with 30% hydrogen peroxide over the Ti-Beta catalyst were presented. The studies were performed under the atmospheric pressure and at the presence of methanol as a solvent. There was examined the influence of the following parameters: the temperature (0 - 60°C), the molar ratio of 1B3O/H2O2 (1:1 - 5:1), methanol concentration (5 - 90 wt%), the Ti-Beta catalyst concentration (0.1 - 5.0 wt%) and the reaction time (0.5 - 5.0 h). The optimal parameters were determined by using the following functions: the selectivity of the transformation to 1,2-epoxy-3-butanol (1,2E3B) in relation to 1B3O consumed, the selectivity of the transformation to organic compounds in relation to hydrogen peroxide consumed, the conversions of 1B3O and hydrogen peroxide. The main product of epoxidation was 1,2-epoxy-3-butanol, epoxide having several applications.
Utilization of poultry droppings in mineral-organic fertilizers
Authors: Hoffmann Krystyna , Lewandowska Barbara , Borowiec Magdalena , Hoffmann Józef 
Published: May 2008

Utilization of poultry droppings in mineral-organic fertilizers
The results of physicochemical analyses of raw and composted turkey droppings and those of germination tests carried out using the droppings are presented. On the basis of the results formulas for microelement mineral-organic fertilizers have been developed and fertilizer rates have been determined for winter wheat.