bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly of amphiphilic tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium‐cored star‐shaped polymers
Authors: Zhou Guangchang , He Jibao , Harruna Issifu I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAmphiphilic tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium‐cored star‐shaped polymers consisting of one polystyrene block and two poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) blocks were prepared by the “arm‐first” method in which RAFT polymerization and nonconvalent ligand–metal complexation were employed. The prepared amphiphilic star‐shaped metallopolymers are able to form micelles in water. The size and distribution of the micelles were studied by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Preliminary studies indicate that the polymer concentration and the hydrophilic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) block length can affect the morphologies of the formed metal‐interfaced core–shell micelles in water. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4204–4210, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives containing phenothiazine‐5‐oxide and phenothiazine‐5, 5‐dioxide moieties
Authors: Yang L. Y. , Wang C. , Li L. Q. , Janietz S. , Wedel A. , Hua Y. L. , Yin S. G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPPV‐based copolymers containing phenothiazine‐5‐oxide and phenothiazine‐5, 5‐dioxide moieties have been successfully synthesized by Wittig‐Horner reaction and characterized by means of UV‐vis, photoluminescence, electroluminescence spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. All of these copolymers can be dissolved in common organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene. The PL maxima in the film state are located at 582, 556, and 552 nm for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The HOMO and LUMO levels of P2 are found to be −5.21 and −2.68 eV, respectively; whereas those of P3 are found to be −5.26 and −2.71 eV, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry result indicates that the conversion of electron‐donating sulfide to electron‐withdrawing sulfoxide or sulfone group in polymers plays a dominating role in increasing its oxidation potential. Yellowish‐green light ranging from 568 to 540 nm was observed for the single layer device with the configuration of ITO/Polymer/Ca/Al. Double layer devices with Zn (BTZ)2 as a hole blocking layer exhibited enhanced EL performance compared to the single layer devices. The maximum brightness of the double layer devices of P1, P2, and P3 is 278, 400, and 796 cd/m2, respectively. The results of EL and electrochemical analyses revealed that they are promising candidate materials for organic, light‐emitting diodes with hole‐transporting ability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4291–4299, 2007
Miscibility and crystallization behavior in blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinylidene fluoride): Effect of star‐like topology of poly(methyl methacrylate) chain
Authors: Fan Wenchun , Zheng Sixun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA tetraarmed star‐shaped poly(methyl methacrylate) (s‐PMMA) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization with 2‐bromoisobutyryl pentaerythritol as the initiator. For comparison, a linear PMMA with the identical molecular weight (l‐PMMA) was also prepared. The blends of the two PMMA samples with poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were prepared to investigate the effect of macromolecular topological structure on miscibility and crystallization behavior of the binary blends. The behavior of single and composition‐dependent glass transition temperatures was found for the blends ofs‐PMMA with PVDF, indicating that thes‐PMMA is miscible with PVDF in the amorphous state just likel‐PMMA. The miscibility was further evidenced by the depression of equilibrium melting points. It is found that the blends ofs‐PMMA and PVDF displayed the largerkvalue of Gordon–Taylor equation than the blends ofl‐PMMA and PVDF blends. According to the depression of equilibrium melting points, the intermolecular parameters for the two blends were estimated. It is noted that thes‐PMMA/PVDF blends displayed the lower interaction parameter thanl‐PMMA/PVDF blends. The isothermal crystallization kinetics shows that the crystallization of PVDF in the blends containings‐PMMA is faster than that in the blends containing the linear PMMA. The surface‐folding free energy of PVDF chains in the blends containings‐PMMA is significantly lower than those in the blends containingl‐PMMA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2580–2593, 2007
Templated i‐PVD of Metallic Nanodot Arrays
Authors: Yuan Luqi , Zhong Xiaoxia , Levchenko Igor , Xia Yuxing , Ostrikov Kostya 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe results of numerical simulation of plasma‐based, porous, template‐assisted nanofabrication of Au nanodot arrays on highly‐doped silicon taking into account typical electron density of low‐temperature plasma of 1017–1018 m−3 and electron temperature of 2–5 eV are reported here. Three‐dimensional microscopic topography of ion flux distribution over the outer and inner surfaces of the nanoporous template is obtained via numerical simulation of Au ion trajectories in the plasma sheath, in the close proximity of, and inside the nanopores. It is shown that, by manipulating the electron temperature, the cross‐sheath potential drop, and by additionally altering the structure of the nanoporous template, one can control the ion fluxes within the nanopores, and eventually maximize the ion deposition onto the top surface of the developing crystalline Au nanodots (see top panel in the figure). In the same time, this procedure allows one to minimize amorphous deposits on the sidewalls that clutter and may eventually close the nanopores, thus disrupting the nanodot growth process, as it is shown in the bottom panel in the figure on the right.magnified image
Caribbean transnational migration behaviour: reconceptualising its ‘strategic flexibility’
Authors: Conway Dennis 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBuilding on a considerable body of extant literature, and critically assessing its strong and weak (or overlooked) conceptual explanations and observations, this reconceptualisation of Caribbean transnational migrant behaviour updates the theoretical account of what is now an increasingly prevalent mobility process in the region. Utilising a structuration construct in which a key conceptual base is a behavioural (agency) notion of strategic flexibility, transnational migrants operating within Caribbean family networks are situated in their multi‐local transnational social fields and resultant distant‐but‐linked community structures. A ‘moorings’ construct (first offered by Moon in 1995) further enables the portrayal of transnational migrants' personal interactions and migration behaviours in multicultural contexts. It allows the examination of their aggregate outcomes in relation to the micro‐ and mesostructural contexts of institutional/familial/communal decision‐making and action as they play themselves out in continuous time. ‘Homes’ and ‘homes away from home’ provide the microgeographical ‘roots’ of migrants' transnational existence, of their experiences, identities, and degrees of national and transnational consciousness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fertility, age structure and demographic transition in the former Soviet republics: the Central Asian Republics in focus
Authors: Gentile Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSynthesising data from Soviet and post‐Soviet statistical sources, this paper provides a general overview of some of the major population trends of the Former Soviet Union with a special focus on the Central Asian Republics. The paper investigates the characteristics of the countries' vital statistics, paths of demographic transition and age structure as they have developed during the past 50–60 years. Particular emphasis is placed upon data and methodological problems encountered when doing population research on the region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐organized InAs quantum dots grown in a V‐groove InGaAs quantum wire
Authors: Son Chang‐Sik , Ogura Mustuo , Sung Yun Mo , Leem Si Jong , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSelf‐organized InAs quantum dots (QDs), by the Stranski–Krastanow mode, have been grown by using low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on V‐groove GaAs substrates. By adjusting the flow rate of AsH3 during the growth of InAs QDs, a one dimensional InAs QD array was successfully formed along the [0$ \bar 1 $1] direction only at the bottom of V‐grooves. No QDs were observed on the sidewalls and the surface of the mesa top. The InAs QDs took on an oval shape. They were spatially well‐isolated along the [0$ \bar 1 $1] direction with a line density of 3 × 103 cm–1. These low‐density InAs QDs are expected to be used in areas of quantum information and quantum computing. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation between glass forming tendency and rate of crystallization in glassy Se100–xTex and Se100–xInx alloys
Authors: Mehta N. , Kumar D. , Kumar A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe rate of crystallization in glassy Se100–x Tex (5 ≤ x ≤ 30) and Se100–x Inx (5 ≤ x ≤ 30) alloys has been determined by using the Arrhenius dependence of the rate constant of crystallization. For this, the pre‐exponential factor K0 of the rate constant K (T) in these alloys has been determined using isothermal and non‐isothermal methods. The glass forming tendency is determined using the Sun–Rawson–Minaev criterion. A correlation is observed between the glass forming tendency and the rate of crystallization in these alloys. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of dendrite‐like Au nanostructures and their enhanced photoluminescence emission
Authors: Hu Ying , Pan Nan , Zhang Kun , Wang Zhenxing , Hu Hailong , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSpecial hierarchical dendrite‐like Au (DLAu) nanostructures were fabricated facilely between the gaps of Au electrodes by an electrochemical method. The composition, morphology and crystallinity of the DLAu nanostructures were characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The formation of these nanostructures is attributed to the distribution of the local electrical field between the Au electrodes and a diffusion‐limited aggregation process. Photoluminescence (PL) having an emission peak near 530 nm is observed from these nanostructures, which is attributed to the recombination of the s–p band electrons near the Fermi energy with the d band holes in the DLAu nanostructures generated by optical excitation. We believe that such PL enhancement compared to a smooth Au film is due to the local‐field enhancement from the surface plasmon resonance of the DLAu nanostructures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallisation and magnetic behaviour of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe81–x –yNixCoyZr7B12 alloys
Authors: Kopcewicz M. , Latuch J. , Kulik T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe amorphous precursors Fe81–x –y Nix Coy Zr7B12 (x = 50, 40, 30, 20; y = 0, 10, 20), prepared by the melt quenching technique, have been characterised in terms of their ability to form nanocrystalline grains on annealing. The crystallisation process was studied in detail using Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The crystalline phases formed were identified and their transformation versus annealing temperature was followed. Bulk and surface crystallisation of amorphous precursors was compared using conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. The size of nanograins was estimated from the XRD results using the Scherrer formula. The magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe81–x –y Nix Coy Zr7B12 alloys were studied using an unconventional ‘rf‐Mössbauer’ technique. The rf‐Mössbauer technique provides information on the soft magnetic behaviour of alloys. The rf sidebands observed are directly related to magnetostriction and their presence provides a good test for the formation of the nanocrystalline alloy. The rf‐Mössbauer results revealed that the anisotropy field increased significantly with the introduction of Co. The rf‐Mössbauer measurements were accompanied by conventional measurements of hysteresis loops that fully supported the rf‐Mössbauer results. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectrometer for the investigation of temperature dependent Ps formation and material dependent moderation efficiency
Authors: Brunner T. , Hugenschmidt C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe moderation efficiency of the commonly used positron moderators, such as tungsten or solid rare gases, is very low and amounts to less than 10‐2. For this reason a novel spectrometer was developed that enables the determination of the positron workfunction ϕ+ and the temperature dependent moderation efficiency ε of various sample materials. An additional feature of the experimental setup is the ability to investigate the temperature dependence of positronium (Ps) formation. Either with three BGO detectors the emitted gamma‐rays of the ortho‐Ps decay can be detected in coincidence or the decay spectrum can be measured with a high resolution Ge detector. The layout of this novel spectrometer and simulations are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reflection high‐energy positron diffraction study of surface super‐structures
Authors: Kawasuso A. , Fukaya Y. , Hayashi K. , Hashimoto M. , Ichimiya A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this work, we studied a few surface super‐structures using reflection high‐energy positron diffraction (RHEPD). We found that the RHEPD pattern from the Si(111)‐7×7 surface exhibits different features from that of electron diffraction. The difference is explained as a strong thermal diffuse scattering of positrons at the first surface layer. We also studied the phase transition of the Si(111)‐√3×√3‐Ag surface. We found that the surface sensitive diffraction spots exhibit peculiar temperature dependences. Based on theoretical considerations, we interpreted the temperature dependences in terms of the order‐disorder phase transition. Furthermore, we succeeded in determining a unique structure of the Si(111)‐√21×√21‐Ag surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlated, ab initio electron propagators in the study of molecular wires: Application to a single molecular bridge placed between two model leads
Authors: Sterling Mark R. , Dolgounitcheva O. , Zakrzewski V.G. , Dahnovsky Yu. , Ortiz J. V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA correlated, ab initio electron propagator approach is tested for a model system containing 1,4‐benzene‐dithiolate attached to two gold or two aluminum atoms. Qualitative agreement with available experiment is achieved for the gold dithiolate system. Similar current and conductance curves obtain for both metal leads when the Fermi energy is set to −1.0 eV. A molecular orbital analysis is given for the gold dithiolate system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Investigation of analytical variation in metabonomic analysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Sangster Tim P. , Wingate Julie E. , Burton Lyle , Teichert Friederike , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSources of analytical variation in high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), such as changes in retention, mass accuracy or signal intensity, have been investigated to assess their importance as a variable in the metabonomic analysis of human urine. In this study chromatographic retention and mass accuracy were found to be quite reproducible with the most significant source of analytical variation in the data sets obtained being the result of changes in detector response. Depending on the signal intensity threshold used to define the presence of a peak a sample component could be present in some replicate injections and absent in others within the same run. The implementation of a more sophisticated data software analysis package was found to greatly reduce the impact of detector response variability resulting in improved data analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of some stilbenes in Italian wines by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Buiarelli Francesca , Coccioli Franco , Jasionowska Renata , Merolle Mirco , Terracciano Alessandro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStilbenes from grapes and wines play a central role in the human diet because of their antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. We describe a method for the direct determination of some stilbenes (cis‐ and trans‐resveratrol, cis‐ and trans‐resveratrol glucoside, cis‐ and trans‐piceatannol, and cis‐ and trans‐piceatannol glucoside) in wine by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using a triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass spectrometer, in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, acquiring two diagnostic product ions from the chosen precursor. All the target analytes were separated on a C‐18 column using gradient elution, in a single run. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative ion mode gives higher sensitivity for all the target compounds than atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). For the identification of piceatannol glucoside (astringin), because of the lack of a suitable standard, an HPLC/TOFMS method was used. The method permits direct injection of samples and it is time‐saving, removing the need for sample pre‐treatment. The detection limits were 48.0 ng mL−1 for cis‐ and trans‐resveratrol and for cis‐ and trans‐resveratrol glucoside, and 50.0 ng mL−1 for cis‐ and trans‐piceatannol. The procedure proved to be simple and suitable for routine and confirmatory purposes. A total of 19 red and 3 white Italian wines were analyzed and differences in the stilbene composition were found among these samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Values and sustainable consumption behavior of women: a Turkish sample
Authors: Şener Arzu , Hazer Oya 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe conducted this study to test the impact of values on women's sustainable consumption behavior. The sample consisted of 600 women in Ankara, Turkey. We used a list of 23 values from five value types from Schwartz's model. We measured sustainable consumption behavior with a five‐point scale for 14 environment‐friendly behaviors. We found that the values of this sample of Turkish women are related to their behaviors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Clustering of significant genes in prognostic studies with microarrays: Application to a clinical study for multiple myeloma
Authors: Matsui Shigeyuki , Yamanaka Takeharu , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John D. , Crowley John 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhen a large number of genes are significant in correlating microarray gene expression data with patient prognosis, clustering of significant genes may be effective not only for further dimension reduction but also for identifying co‐regulated genes that belong to the same molecular pathway related to disease biology and aggressiveness. Moreover, a reduced feature, such as the average expression across samples for a cluster of significant genes, can play an important role in reducing variance in prediction analysis. We propose a simple procedure to select gene clusters that have strong marginal association with survival outcome from a large pool of candidate hierarchical clusters of significant genes. Selected gene clusters can have better predictive capability than the other gene clusters and singleton genes. Application of such clustering to the data set from a clinical study for patients with multiple myeloma and associated microarrays is given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STXXL: standard template library for XXL data sets
Authors: Dementiev R. , Kettner L. , Sanders P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present the software library STXXLthat is an implementation of the C++ standard template library (STL) for processing huge data sets that can fit only on hard disks. It supports parallel disks, overlapping between disk I/O and computation and it is the first I/O‐efficient algorithm library that supports the pipelining technique that can save more than half of the I/Os. STXXLhas been applied both in academic and industrial environments for a range of problems including text processing, graph algorithms, computational geometry, Gaussian elimination, visualization, and analysis of microscopic images, differential cryptographic analysis, etc. The performance of STXXLand its applications are evaluated on synthetic and real‐world inputs. We present the design of the library, how its performance features are supported, and demonstrate how the library integrates with STL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The benefits of posing application software as a language interpreter
Authors: Van Snyder W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractComplicated and comprehensive software that is meant to execute in a non‐interactive or semi‐interactive mode needs to be configured to carry out the desired tasks, needs to carry out those tasks efficiently, needs to be extensible to take on additional ambitions, and needs to be maintainable. To reduce costs, it is helpful if experts in the discipline to which the program applies can configure and operate the program without needing to become expert software engineers and without needing to become familiar with the internal details of the program, and if software engineers who develop and maintain the program need not become experts in its target discipline. Progress toward these goals can be advanced by posing the software as a language interpreter. We describe the application of this principle to ground‐based data analysis software for the Microwave Limb Sounder instrument on the NASA Earth Observing System Aura satellite, but we believe the principle has substantially broader applicability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modular formal verification of specifications of concurrent systems
Authors: Gradara Sara , Santone Antonella , Vaglini Gigliola , Villani Maria Luisa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a bottom‐up approach for the verification of systems with modular structure: we prove that when the modules are composed in specific ways, the complete software system verifies a composition of the properties each component does. We focus on the process of upgrading systems with new functionalities, where the validity of old requirements needs to be ensured, but also an understanding of the new properties the upgraded system would enjoy is useful. In this work, we assume each component to be specified by a CCS process, and the properties to be expressed by selective mu‐calculus formulae. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.