bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZUI Konzepte für Navigation und Suche in komplexen Informationsräumen (ZUI Concepts for Navigating and Searching Complex Information Spaces)
Authors: Gundelsweiler Fredrik , Memmel Thomas , Reiterer Harald 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Die Quantität, Dimensionalität und Multimedialität heutiger Informationsräume stellt bei der Suche, Exploration und Navigation große Anforderungen an die Gestaltung der Mensch-Computer Interaktion. Zoomable User Interfaces (ZUIs) bieten dabei neue Möglichkeiten für ein benutzergerechteres Design. Am Beispiel von ZUI Konzepten für die Navigation und Suche in digitalen Welten sollen neue Wege des Interaktionsdesigns aufgezeigt werden.
Herbert Butterfield, der Nationalsozialismus und die deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft
Authors: Steber Martina 
Published: April 2007

Vorspann
Der Cambridge-Historiker Herbert Butterfield, bekannt geworden vor allem durch seinen 1931 erschienenen Angriff auf „The Whig Interpretation of History“, galt Zeit seines Lebens als ausgesprochen deutschfreundlich. Viele sahen in dem stark von Rankes Historismus geprägten, christlich und antiliberal orientierten Wissenschaftler sogar einen Sympathisanten des nationalsozialistischen Deutschland. Beruhte dieses Urteil nur auf Missverständnissen? War die Ausbildung einer konservativen Schule der britischen Nachkriegsgeschichtsschreibung von Butterfields wechselvoller Auseinandersetzung mit dem deutschen Weg in die Katastrophe beeinflusst? Und wie war das Verhältnis zwischen Butterfield und den nationalkonservativen Historikern in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland der 1950er und 1960er Jahre?
Morphometrical and molecular characterization of Bursaphelenchus species from Slovenia
Authors: Urek G. , Širca S. , Geric B. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The environmental conditions in Slovenia are relatively favourrable for the colonisation and spread of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a very dangerous pathogenic species which was recently identified in Europe in Portugal. To determine the presence of B. xylophilus in Slovenia and to introduce proper measures against its emergence and spread, a survey of Bursaphelenchus species was conducted in Slovenia from 2002 to 2005. Approximately 120 ha of conifer forests in Slovenia were surveyed for the presence of Bursaphelenchus species. In total, 206 wood samples were taken from the conifer forests. B. hofmanni, B. mucronatus were found for the first time in Slovenia, while B. xylophilus was not detected. Additionally, the species Aphelenchoides stammeri which is morphologically very similar to Bursaphelencus was found. All species have been described morphologically and characterized by ITS-RFLP analysis. Sequences of ribosomal DNA for B. hofmanni, B. mucronatus were analysed.
Sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA for three species of Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from sheep in Russia
Authors: Kuznetsov D. , Kuznetsova N. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
For the first time, DNA sequence data were obtained for three species of Trichostrongylus from Russia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA was sequenced for T. axei, T. colubriformis and T. probolurus from sheep from the Moscow region. ITS-2 rDNA length was estimated as 238 nucleotides for T. colubriformis and T. probolurus and 237 nucleotides for T. axei. The G+C content of the ITS-2 sequences of T. colubriformis, T. axei and T. probolurus were 31 %, 32 % and 34 % respectively. The level of interspecific differences in ITS-2 of rDNA of T. axei, T. probolurus and T. colubriformis ranged from 3 to 4 %. The ITS-2 sequences from the Russian specimens were compared with those of T. axei, T. probolurus and T. colubriformis from Australia and Germany. Intraspecific variation ranged from 0 % in T. colubriformis to 3.0 % in T. axei.
Comparative study of the intestinal strongylid communities of equidae in the Askania-Nova biosphere reserve, Ukraine
Authors: Kuzmina T. , Kharchenko V. , Zvegintsova N. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Comparative studies of the intestinal strongylid communities of 14 ponies, 6 donkeys and 9 zebras from the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere reserve (Ukraine) were carried out after deworming the hosts with aversectin drug. Faecal sampling (200 g each) was performed at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after treatment; all nematodes expelled were collected and identified. Thirty strongylid species from 12 genera were found; 7 species from the Strongylinae and 23 species from Cyathostominae. In ponies 27 species were found (range 8–23; mean 14 ± 3.8). In donkeys 23 species were found (range 11–15; mean 12 ± 1.3). Cyathostomum tetracanthum a species specific for donkeys was found for the first time in Ukraine. In zebras 17 species were found (range 2–13; mean 7 ± 3.6). The results obtained confirmed the specificity of the intestinal strongylid fauna of different equid species grazing on the same pastures in the “Askania-Nova” reserve.
Communities of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in Slovakia
Authors: Lišková M. , Renčo M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A total of 61 nematode species belonging into 48 genera was identified in soil of nine localities of hop gardens in Slovakia. From free living soil nematodes the most abundant were the genus Rhabditis-eudominant taxon, species Aphelenchus avenae — dominant taxon, the species Cephalobus persegnis, Chiloplacus propinquus, Aglenchus agricola, Nothotylenchus acris, Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus and genus Eudorylaimus were subdominant taxa. Only ten species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed — Ditylenchus dipsaci, Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus canadensis, H. digonicus, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. pratensis, Heterodera humuli, and Paratylenchus bukowinensis. Bitylenchus dubius and Merlinius brevidens belonged to dominant taxa, the species Heterodera humuli and Helicotylenchus digonicus to subdominant taxa. The occurrence of Heterodera humuli cysts was recorded at all localities studied, and the occurrence of H. humuli larvae in soil during autumn indicates that possibly more than one generation of the parasite have developed within one vegetation period. The proportion of individual trophic groups in nematode communities of hop gardens was characterised by the prevalence of bacterial feeders followed by plant parasites. The ecological characteristics used for ecological evaluation, especially Maturity Index and Plant Parasitic Index/Maturity Index, indicate a more disturbed environment. Although hop is a perennial plant, the structure and ecology of its nematode communities is more similar to the agricultural ecosystems with a higher level of agricultural practices.
Soil nematode responses to heavy metal stress
Authors: Zhang W. , Wang X. , Li Q. , Jiang Y. , Liang W. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The effect of Cu and Zn on soil nematode communities at the depth of 0–20 cm was investigated along a pollution gradient with increasing distance from a copper smelter in Northeast China. The results showed that the abundance of total nematodes significantly increased with increasing distance from the smelter, and nematode taxon richness also exhibited an increasing trend. Twenty genera were observed in our study, and Paratylenchus was the dominant genus at all the sampling sites. The numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores, plant parasites, omnivores-predators and the values of NCR (Nematode Channel Ratio) negatively correlated with total Cu (P < 0.01), total and available Zn (P < 0.01). The values of SI (Structure Index) negatively correlated with total Cu (P < 0.05). Among the nematode ecological indices examined, NCR and SI were found to be sensitive indicators for assessing the effect of heavy metals on soil nematode communities in this study.
Disturbance In The Composition of Lipoprotein Particles And Chronic Inflammation As Prognostic Factors In The Development of Coronary Disease
Authors: Jovović Biljana , Lečć Nevenka , Jelić Marija , Damnjanović Goran , Đinđić Boris , Sokolović Dušan 
Published: April 2007

Disturbance In The Composition of Lipoprotein Particles And Chronic Inflammation As Prognostic Factors In The Development of Coronary Disease
The study focused on 30 dyslipidemic patients (12 women and 18 men); 16 of them had coronary disease (CD). The concentrations of apoA and apoB were determined in all patients, as well as the calculated ratio between apoA and apoB. As far as inflammatory indicators are concerned, the concentrations of sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), albumin, fibrinogen, intracellular adhesive molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesive molecule (VCAM -1) were determined. In patients with CD there were considerably higher concentrations of fibrinogen (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.7 g/L) and VCAM-1 (10.9 ± 3.6 vs. 8.3 ± 2.8 g/L) (p<0.05) while the numerical values of hsCRP and ICAM-1 were not significantly different in relation to the patients without CD. The concentration of apoB and the value of apoB/apoA ratio were considerably higher in patients with CD (1.7 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 and 1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4; p<0.05), whereas the concentration of apoA did not differ in relation to the patients without CD. The research confirmed the significance of the disturbance in the composition of lipoprotein particles and the systemic inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, whereas their significant mutual connection was not shown. This indicates their cumulative effect and different mechanisms at the base of these disturbances.
Urinary Cystatin C as a Marker of Tubular Dysfunction
Authors: Mijušković Zoran , Maksić Đorđe , Hrvačević Rajko , Vučelić Marina , Subota Vesna , Stojanović Jelica , Pejović Janko 
Published: April 2007

Urinary Cystatin C as a Marker of Tubular DysfunctionCystatin C (CysC) is a nonglycosylated 13 KD protein that belongs to the type II cystatin gene family. It is a strong inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, freely filtered by the kidney glomerulus and reabsorbed by the tubulus, where it is almost totally catabolized. Remainder of the nonmetabolized CysC is eliminated in urine and may represent a useful marker of tubular dysfunction. The aim of the study was to confirm the clinical importance of the quantitative determination of CysC by an automated immunonephelometric method (DADE Behring). Two groups of patients were examined: one with glomerular (GD, n=36) and one with tubular dysfunction (TD, n=31), and compared with the control group (CG, n=31) of healthy males and females from laboratory personnel (n=11) and patients on routine systematic examination (n=20), from 25 to 58 years old. The patient groups were categorised according to the urine analysis of total proteins, creatinine and adequate proteins electrophoretic panel. CysC concentration in CG was in the range of 0.02-0.15 mg/L; 0.01-0.48 mg/L and 0.25-18 mg/L in GD and TD groups respectively. Values of means ± SD for patient groups (GD=0.11 ± 0.14; TD=3.92 ± 3.75 mg/L) showed statistical significance (p<0.001) in the TD group in relation to GD and CG groups. It confirms that quantitative determination of CysC in one urine portion, with a fast laboratory method, might be a useful marker of tubular dysfunction, especially in emergency situations, taking into account that there is no interference of circadian variation on its concentration.
Wald und Forstwirtschaft Kirgistans | Forests and Forestry in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Scheuber Matthias , Müller Ueli , Köhl Michael 
Published: April 2007

Kyrgyzstan is situated in Central Asia between Kazakhstan and China. Mountain ranges dominate the country's topography. The dry continental climate means that forests are only found on north-facing mountain slopes and account for only 3 to 5 % of the country's surface area. The main forest types are spruce forest in the north, walnut-fruit forest on the slopes of the Fergana valley and juniper forest in the mountains of south Kyrgyzstan. Over-exploitation in the first half of the century coupled with a lack of felling and excessive overgrazing have shaped the way the forest looks today.
The declaration of independence by the former Soviet republic in 1991 changed the general situation dramatically. Forest authorities are now trying to meet the huge challenges by implementing new concepts laid down in the 1999 forest law. Since 1995, the Kyrgyz-Swiss Forestry Support Program has offered help and support to the forest authorities. Its main objectives are to improve inventory and planning, to further develop forest enterprises and to preserve the walnut-fruit forests.
Dual‐Responsive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanomedicine for Self‐Cascade Amplified Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Wenting , Ye Binglin , Yu Guocan , Yang Huang , Wu Hao , Ding Yuan , Huang Feihe , Wang Weilin , Mao Zhengwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInsufficient tumor immunogenicity and immune escape from tumors remain common problems in all tumor immunotherapies. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by immune checkpoint inhibitors, can induce effective immunogenic cell death and long‐term immune activation. Therapeutic strategies to jointly induce pyroptosis and reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments are promising for cancer immunotherapy. In this regard, a dual‐responsive supramolecular polymeric nanomedicine (NCSNPs) to self‐cascade amplify the benefits of cancer immunotherapy is designed. The NCSNPs are formulated by β‐cyclodextrin coupling nitric oxide (NO) donor, a pyroptosis activator, and NLG919, an indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, and self‐assembled through host–guest molecular recognition and hydrophobic interaction to obtain nanoparticles. NCSNPs possess excellent tumor accumulation and bioavailability attributed to ingenious supramolecular engineering. The study not only confirms the occurrence of NO‐triggered pyroptosis in tumors for the first time but also reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor sites via an IDO inhibitor by enhancing the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, to achieve remarkable inhibition of tumor proliferation. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
AFM Imaging Reveals MicroRNA‐132 to be a Positive Regulator of Synaptic Functions
Authors: Park Ikbum , Kim Hyun Jin , Shin Juyoung , Jung Yu Jin , Lee Donggyu , Lim Ji‐seon , Park Jong Mok , Park Joon Won , Kim Joung‐Hun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe modification of synaptic and neural connections in adults, including the formation and removal of synapses, depends on activity‐dependent synaptic and structural plasticity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating these changes by targeting specific genes and regulating their expression. The fact that somatic and dendritic activity in neurons often occurs asynchronously highlights the need for spatial and dynamic regulation of protein synthesis in specific milieu and cellular loci. MicroRNAs, which can show distinct patterns of enrichment, help to establish the localized distribution of plasticity‐related proteins. The recent study using atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐based nanoscale imaging reveals that the abundance of miRNA(miR)‐134 is inversely correlated with the functional activity of dendritic spine structures. However, the miRNAs that are selectively upregulated in potentiated synapses, and which can thereby support prospective changes in synaptic efficacy, remain largely unknown. Using AFM force imaging, significant increases in miR‐132 in the dendritic regions abutting functionally‐active spines is discovered. This study provides evidence for miR‐132 as a novel positive miRNA regulator residing in dendritic shafts, and also suggests that activity‐dependent miRNAs localized in distinct sub‐compartments of neurons play bi‐directional roles in controlling synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity.
Bioengineered Hydrogels Recapitulate Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Cancer
Authors: Ho Nicholas Ching Wei , Yap Josephine Yu Yan , Zhao Zixuan , Wang Yunyun , Fernando Kanishka , Li Constance H , Kwang Xue Lin , Quah Hong Sheng , Arcinas Camille , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Fong Eliza Li Shan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently mapped transcriptomic landscapes reveal the extent of heterogeneity in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) beyond previously established single‐gene markers. Functional analyses of individual CAF subsets within the tumor microenvironment are critical to develop more accurate CAF‐targeting therapeutic strategies. However, there is a lack of robust preclinical models that reflect this heterogeneity in vitro. In this study, single‐cell RNA sequencing datasets acquired from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues to predict microenvironmental and cellular features governing individual CAF subsets are leveraged. Some of these features are then incorporated into a tunable hyaluronan‐based hydrogel system to culture patient‐derived CAFs. Control over hydrogel degradability and integrin adhesiveness enabled derivation of the predominant myofibroblastic and inflammatory CAF subsets, as shown through changes in cell morphology and transcriptomic profiles. Last, using these hydrogel‐cultured CAFs, microtubule dynamics are identified, but not actomyosin contractility, as a key mediator of CAF plasticity. The recapitulation of CAF heterogeneity in vitro using defined hydrogels presents unique opportunities for advancing the understanding of CAF biology and evaluation of CAF‐targeting therapeutics.
Chromatin Modifier EP400 Regulates Oocyte Quality and Zygotic Genome Activation in Mice
Authors: Tian Qing , Yin Ying , Tian Yu , Wang Yufan , Wang Yong‐feng , Fukunaga Rikiro , Fujii Toshihiro , Liao Ai‐hua , Li Lei , Zhang Wei , He Ximiao , Xiang Wenpei , Zhou Li‐quan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEpigenetic modifiers that accumulate in oocytes, play a crucial role in steering the developmental program of cleavage embryos and initiating life. However, the identification of key maternal epigenetic regulators remains elusive. In the findings, the essential role of maternal Ep400, a chaperone for H3.3, in oocyte quality and early embryo development in mice is highlighted. Depletion of Ep400 in oocytes resulted in a decline in oocyte quality and abnormalities in fertilization. Preimplantation embryos lacking maternal Ep400 exhibited reduced major zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and experienced developmental arrest at the 2‐to‐4‐cell stage. The study shows that EP400 forms protein complex with NFYA, occupies promoters of major ZGA genes, modulates H3.3 distribution between euchromatin and heterochromatin, promotes transcription elongation, activates the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial functions, and facilitates the expression of rate‐limiting enzymes of the TCA cycle. This intricate process driven by Ep400 ensures the proper execution of the developmental program, emphasizing its critical role in maternal‐to‐embryonic transition.
YY1 Lactylation Aggravates Autoimmune Uveitis by Enhancing Microglial Functions via Inflammatory Genes
Authors: Huang Jiaxing , Wang Xiaotang , Li Na , Fan Wei , Li Xingran , Zhou Qian , Liu Jiangyi , Li Wanqian , Zhang Zhi , Liu Xiaoyan , Zeng Shuhao , Yang Hui , Tian Meng , Yang Peizeng , Hou Shengping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActivated microglia in the retina are essential for the development of autoimmune uveitis. Yin‐Yang 1 (YY1) is an important transcription factor that participates in multiple inflammatory and immune‐mediated diseases. Here, an increased YY1 lactylation in retinal microglia within in the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) group is observed. YY1 lactylation contributed to boosting microglial activation and promoting their proliferation and migration abilities. Inhibition of lactylation suppressed microglial activation and attenuated inflammation in EAU. Mechanistically, cleavage under targets & tagmentation （CUT&Tag） analysis revealed that YY1 lactylation promoted microglial activation by regulating the transcription of a set of inflammatory genes, including STAT3, CCL5, IRF1, IDO1, and SEMA4D. In addition, p300 is identified as the writer of YY1 lactylation. Inhibition of p300 decreased YY1 lactylation and suppressed microglial inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the results showed that YY1 lactylation promoted microglial dysfunction in autoimmune uveitis by upregulating inflammatory cytokine secretion and boosting cell migration and proliferation. Therapeutic effects can be achieved by targeting the lactate/p300/YY1 lactylation/inflammatory genes axis.
Transient‐State Self‐Bipolarized Organic Frameworks of Single Aromatic Units for Natural Sunlight‐Driven Photosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Chen Lizheng , Niu Ruping , Ma Zhuoyuan , Ba Kaikai , Xie Tengfeng , Chu Xuefeng , Wu Shujie , Wang Dayang , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConstructing π‐conjugated polymer structures through covalent bonds dominates the design of organic framework photocatalysts, which significantly depends on the selection of multiple donor‐acceptor building blocks to narrow the optical gap and increase the lifetimes of charge carriers. In this work, self‐bipolarized organic frameworks of single aromatic units are demonstrated as novel broad‐spectrum‐responsive photocatalysts for H2O2 production. The preparation of such photocatalysts is only to fix the aromatic units (such as 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene) with alkane linkers in 3D space. Self‐bipolarized aromatic units can drive the H2O2 production from H2O and O2 under natural sunlight, wide pH ranges (3.0‐10.0) and natural water sources. Moreover, it can be extended to catalyze the oxidative coupling of amines. Experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrate that such a strategy obeys the mechanism of through‐space π‐conjugation, where the closely face‐to‐face overlapped aromatic rings permit the electron and energy transfer through the large‐area delocalization of the electron cloud under visible light irradiation. This work introduces a novel design concept for the development of organic photocatalysts, which will break the restriction of conventional through‐band π‐conjugation structure and will open a new way in the synthesis of organic photocatalysts.
Tuning the Properties of Multi‐Stable Structures Post‐Fabrication Via the Two‐Way Shape Memory Polymer Effect
Authors: Risso Giada , Kudisch Max , Ermanni Paolo , Daraio Chiara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMulti‐stable elements are commonly employed to design reconfigurable and adaptive structures, because they enable large and reversible shape changes in response to changing loads, while simultaneously allowing self‐locking capabilities. However, existing multi‐stable structures have properties that depend on their initial design and cannot be tailored post‐fabrication. Here, a novel design approach is presented that combines multi‐stable structures with two‐way shape memory polymers. By leveraging both the one‐way and two‐way shape memory effect under bi‐axial strain conditions, the structures can re‐program their 3D shape, bear loads, and self‐actuate. Results demonstrate that the structures' shape and stiffness can be tuned post‐fabrication at the user's need and the multi‐stability can be suppressed or activated on command. The control of multi‐stability prevents undesired snapping of the structures and enables higher load‐bearing capability, compared to conventional multi‐stable systems. The proposed approach offers the possibility to augment the functionality of existing multi‐stable concepts, showing potential for the realization of highly adaptable mechanical structures that can reversibly switch between being mono and multi‐stable and that can undergo shape changes in response to a change in temperature.