bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetraspanins CD37 and CD151 differentially regulate Ag presentation and T‐cell co‐stimulation by DC
Authors: Sheng Kuo‐Ching , van Spriel Annemiek B. , Gartlan Kate H. , Sofi Mariam , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Ashman Leonie , Wright Mark D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA major question in immunology is how DC can display limited amounts of individual peptide–MHC complexes and still induce cross‐linking of T‐cell receptors to initiate cellular responses. One suggested mechanism is that MHC exists at the cell surface in high avidity multimers, and tetraspanin proteins, known to laterally associate with both MHC classes I and II, promote MHC multimerisation. To validate this theory, we tested the ability of DC deficient in either one of two typical tetraspanin molecules: CD37 or CD151 to present peptide to Ag‐specific T cells. Surprisingly, although they exhibited no developmental or maturation defects, DC lacking either CD37 or CD151 expression were hyper‐stimulatory to T cells. We demonstrate that CD37 and CD151 control DC‐mediated T‐cell activation by two different mechanisms: CD151 regulates co‐stimulation whereas CD37 regulates peptide/MHC presentation. The implications of these results on the model suggesting that tetraspanins promote MHC multimerisation are discussed.
Mapping the archaeological soil archive of sand and gravel mineral reserves in Britain
Authors: Ward Ingrid , Smith Barry , Lawley Russell 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrimary sand and gravel deposits in Britain play an important role in preserving our cultural heritage and are also a valuable aggregate resource. While an understanding of the extrinsic properties of the soil archive (such as pH, redox, groundwater) can provide a firstorder assessment of the potential risk to any archaeologically sensitive deposits, we have very poor definition of spatial variations in the extrinsic properties of soil that influence archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale. Developments in digital geological mapping, remote sensing, and geochemical survey data undertaken by the British Geological Survey (BGS) have, however, significantly extended capabilities in this respect and can potentially be used to provide a primary assessment of the sensitivity of the present soil archive and the potential risk from changes to the soil process on cultural material in areas earmarked for aggregate extraction. Two of the major factors affecting archaeological preservation—soil acidification and groundwater—can be mapped or predicted at scales of better than 1:50,000 across increasingly large parts of the country using a combination of regional hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical data. Additional data from site investigations may further refine preservation potential as a function of changes in redox potential and acidity. These data, maps and models can be used to (1) better establish a baseline for archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale and (2) improve our understanding of how the physical and chemical properties of the near surface environment can be managed to sustainably preserve archaeological materials in areas impacted by sand and gravel extraction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beavertail modification of the radial forearm free flap in base of tongue reconstruction: Technique and functional outcomes
Authors: Seikaly Hadi , Rieger Jana , O'Connell Daniel , Ansari Khalid , AlQahtani Khalid , Harris Jeffrey 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck oncologists are often confronted with the difficult challenge of balancing cancer cure with the preservation of function when deciding the patient's best treatment protocol. This task is especially difficult in cancer of the base of tongue. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the beavertail modification of the radial forearm‐free flap in base of tongue reconstruction.MethodsThirty‐one consecutive patients treated for base of tongue cancer with primary surgery were followed prospectively. The technique of the beavertail modification is described. Swallowing and speech function were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsAll the flaps survived. Thirty (97%) patients started consuming oral diet within 1 year, and all had normal speech intelligibility.ConclusionsThe beavertail modification of the radial forearm arm flap seems to provide the reconstructive elements that allow patients with large base of tongue extirpations to develop functional swallowing and speech production postoperatively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Osteomyocutaneous peroneal artery–based combined flap for reconstruction of composite and en bloc mandibular defects
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Huei , Saint‐Cyr Michel , Ali Rozina S. , Chang Kai‐Ping , Hao Sheng‐Po , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe osteomyocutaneous peroneal artery‐based combined (OPAC) flap is a refinement of fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap, with the inclusion of partial soleus muscle based on an independent myocutaneous perforator.MethodsSeventeen men underwent composite oromandibular reconstruction using an OPAC flap. Flaps were raised with 1 or 2 skin paddles and 2 to 3 bone segments. In 8 cases, a portion of soleus muscle was included.ResultsAll flaps survived, but partial failure occurred in 2 cases (11.7%). At a mean follow‐up of 25.3 ± 19.4 months, 6 of 12 patients tolerated a regular diet, 5 a soft diet, and 1 a liquid diet. Speech was normal in 2 patients, intelligible in 4, and slurred in 6.ConclusionAdvantages of the OPAC flap include a single donor site, 1 pair of recipient vessels, versatile 3‐dimensional inset, adequate soft tissue augmentation, and better aesthetic and functional outcomes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Roles of ezrin in the growth and invasiveness of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Xie Jian‐Jun , Xu Li‐Yan , Xie Yang‐Min , Zhang Hai‐Hua , Cai Wei‐Jia , Zhou Fei , Shen Zhong‐Ying , Li En‐Min 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEzrin, which crosslinks the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane, is involved in the growth and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Ezrin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was described recently, but its roles and the underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. In our study, we first showed that ezrin in ESCC cell is expressed in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Then, by using RNAi, we revealed that interference of ezrin expression suppressed the growth, adhesion and invasiveness of ESCC cells. Tumorigenesis experiments revealed that ezrin may directly regulate tumor formation in vivo. To explore the molecular mechanisms through which ezrin contributes to the proliferation and invasiveness of ESCC cells, we used cDNA microarrays to analyze ezrin knockdown cells and the control cells; of 39,000 genes examined, 297 were differentially expressed upon ezrin knockdown, including some proliferation‐ and invasiveness‐related genes such as ATF3, CTGF and CYR61. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that ezrin knockdown led to decreased activation of the TGF‐β and MAPK pathways, and ezrin‐mediated cell invasiveness alteration was dependent on the activation of these pathways. Finally, immunohistochemical staining on 80 ESCC specimens and 50 normal esophageal mucosae revealed that the expression levels of 3 altered genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumor metastasis, including CTGF, CYR61 and ATF3, were altered in ESCCs, and their expression pattern correlated with ezrin expression. Taken together, we propose that ezrin might function in the growth and invasiveness of ESCC cells through the MAPK and TGF‐β pathways. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decomposing European bond and equity volatility
Authors: Christiansen Charlotte 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe paper investigates volatility spillover from US and aggregate European asset markets into European national asset markets. A main contribution is that bond and equity volatility spillover is analysed simultaneously. A new model belonging to the ‘volatility‐spillover’ class is suggested: The conditional variance of e.g. the unexpected German stock return is divided into separate effects from US bonds, US stocks, European bonds, European stocks, German bonds, and German stocks. Significant volatility‐spillover effects are found. The national bond (stock) volatilities are mainly influenced by bond (stock) effects. After the introduction of the euro the European markets have become more integrated; bond markets more so than stock markets. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioactive scaffolds mimicking natural dentin structure
Authors: Vallés Lluch A. , Campillo Fernández A. , Gallego Ferrer G. , Monleón Pradas M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOrganic scaffolds of poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) [P(EMA‐co‐HEA)] 70/30 wt % ratio, with varying proportions of silica SiO2 from 0 to 20 wt % and aligned tubular pores, were prepared using a fiber‐templating fabrication method, with the aim of mimicking structure and properties of the mineralized tissue of natural dentin. Precursors of the copolymer and silica were simultaneously polymerized in a sol–gel process within the fiber template, which was eventually eliminated to generate homogeneously distributed parallel micrometer‐sized pores in the material. Scaffolds of PEMA and PHEA were obtained by the same approach. The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The specific volume was determined by Archimedes' method and the porosity calculated from the geometry. The mechanical properties were analyzed in tensile and compressive modes. The bioactivity of the scaffolds with 15 wt % SiO2 was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days followed by immersion in 2× SBF for 7 days. These scaffolds were afterwards characterized by SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and compression assays. Percentages of silica above 10 wt % reinforced mechanically the copolymer, evidenced by the hindrance of the long range motions of the organic chains, altered shrinkage and swelling, and meanwhile conferred bioactivity to its surface. These tubular porous structures, which resemble natural dentin with regard to its structure and properties and induce the precipitation of apatite on their surfaces in vitro, are expected to facilitate the integration in the host mineralized tissue, to stimulate cell growth and to be useful as guiding scaffolds for in vivo dentin regeneration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The influence of the Nd:YAG laser bleaching on physical and mechanical properties of the dental enamel
Authors: Marcondes Maurem , Gandolfi Paranhos Maria Paula , Spohr Ana Maria , Mota Eduardo Gonçalves , Lima da Silva Isaac Newton , Souto André Arigony , Burnett Luiz Henrique 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground and Objectives: The Nd:YAG laser can be used in Dentistry to remove soft tissue, disinfect canals in endodontic procedures and prevent caries. However, there is no protocol for Nd:YAG laser application in dental bleaching. The aims of this in vitro study were: (a) to observe the tooth shade alteration when hydrogen peroxide whitening procedures are associated with dyes with different wavelengths and irradiated with Nd:YAG laser or halogen light; (b) to measure the Vickers (VHN) enamel microhardness before and after the whitening procedure; (c) to evaluate the tensile bond strength of two types of adhesive systems applied on bleached enamel; (d) to observe the failure pattern after bond strength testing; (e) to evaluate the pulpal temperature during the bleaching procedures with halogen light or laser; (f) to measure the kinetic reaction of hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: Extracted sound human molar crowns were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction to obtain 150 fragments that were divided into five groups for each adhesive system: WL (H2O2 + thickener and Nd:YAG), WH (H2O2 + thickener and halogen light), QL (H2O2 + carbopol + Q‐switch and Nd:YAG), QH (H2O2 + carbopol + Q‐switch and halogen light), and C (Control, without whitening agent). Shade assessment was made with a shade guide and the microhardness tests were performed before and after the bleaching procedures. Immediately afterwards, the groups were restored with the adhesive systems Adper Single Bond 2 or Solobond M plus composite resin, and the tensile bond strength test was performed. The temperature was measured by thermocouples placed on the enamel surface and intrapulpal chamber. The kinetics of hydrogen peroxide was observed by ultraviolet analysis. Results: The shade changed seven levels for Nd:YAG laser groups and eight levels for halogen light. According to the student's t‐test, there was no statistical difference between the VHN before and after the whitening protocols (p > 0.05). The tensile bond strength showed no statistical significance between the test groups and the controls, considering both adhesive systems tested by ANOVA and Tukey tests (p > 0.05). The predominant failure pattern after bond strength testing was mixed. The temperature was safe for laser and halogen light. The kinetic reaction showed that after 5 min all the hydrogen peroxide had been consumed. Conclusions: Nd:YAG laser associated with hydrogen peroxide bleached the enamel, the shade being similar to that obtained with the traditional method performed with halogen light. Moreover, the Vickers' microhardness and bond strength values were not altered in comparison with those for nonbleached enamel. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The Italian registry of pediatric therapeutic apheresis: A report on activity during 2005
Authors: De Silvestro Giustina , Tison Tiziana , Vicarioto Maria , Bagatella Paola , Stefanutti Claudia , Marson Piero 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe results of the 2005 Survey of the Italian Society for Apheresis and Cell Manipulation (SIdEM) reporting on the pediatric procedures carried out in 18 Italian Apheresis Units are presented here. Utilizing a standardized questionnaire, the survey collected data on techniques, types of blood separators, clinical indications, and adverse events. A total of 1,693 apheresis procedures were carried out in 355 pediatric patients: 219 plasma‐exchange, 291 peripheral blood stem cell collections, 791 extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), 265 LDL‐apheresis, 71 erythro‐exchange, 9 cytoreductive apheresis, 47 immunoadsorption sessions. Adverse events were registered in 94 procedures (5.6%), most of which of mild entity, e.g., insufficient flow rate (50.0%) and symptomatic hypocalcemia (24.4%). Our data indicate that all types of apheresis procedures can be safely carried out in children. ECP, utilized primarily for the treatment of graft versus host disease (GvHD) and rejection of solid organ transplantation, are burgeoning procedures in pediatric patients, whereas plasma exchange, which is a common treatment in adults, is infrequently utilized in pediatric medicine. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement equivalence of neighborhood quality measures for European American and Mexican American families
Authors: Kim Su Yeong , Nair Rajni , Knight George P. , Roosa Mark W. , Updegraff Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe factorial and construct equivalence of subscales assessing parents' and children's perceptions of the quality of their neighborhood was examined in Mexican American and European American families. All subscales (dangerous people in the neighborhood, sense of safety in the neighborhood, quality of the physical environment) demonstrated adequate partial factorial invariance across English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Mexican American and European American families. Reports by children about dangerous people in the neighborhood was the closest to achieving strict factorial invariance, and the only one of the four dimensions to achieve invariance in the validity analyses across Mexican American and European American families. The implications of using these self‐report neighborhood quality measures in studies of multiple cultural or language groups are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social support and risk of sexual assault revictimization
Authors: Mason Gillian E. , Ullman Sarah , Long Susan E. , Long LaDonna , Starzynski Laura 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLimited research on revictimization has examined the role of social support, which is known to affect sexual assault survivors' psychological recovery. Measuring social support also provides a more ecological approach to understanding revictimization, as it assesses the possible role of those in the survivors' environment. The current study examined how social support and disclosure experiences of 625 community‐based survivors related to their revictimization status over a 12‐month period. Results showed differences between revictimized and nonrevictimized survivors in terms of who they disclosed to about their assault. In addition, revictimized survivors received less informational and emotional support and more blaming reactions. Implications for future research regarding using an ecological approach to better understand revictimization risk are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social support provisions as differential predictors of adaptive outcomes in young adolescents
Authors: Warren Jared S. , Jackson Yo , Sifers Sarah K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSocial support provisions were examined in relation to negative life events, adaptive skills, hope, and grade point average in a sample of 103 inner‐city youth (ages 11–14). Analyses focused on seven support provisions: social integration, attachment, guidance and information, reliable alliance, reassurance of worth, nurturance, and instrumental support. For boys, the provision of guidance and information was most strongly related to adaptive skills and grade point average, whereas attachment and reassurance of worth were the strongest predictors of hopefulness. The relation between support provisions and outcomes was less pronounced in the girls. Results underscore the multidimensional nature of social support and emphasize the differential ways in which support networks and their underlying dimensions relate to adaptive outcomes in young adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief scale measuring patient preparedness for hospital discharge to home: Psychometric properties
Authors: Graumlich James F. , Novotny Nancy L. , Aldag Jean C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adverse events occur when patients transition from the hospital to outpatient care. For quality improvement and research purposes, clinicians need appropriate, reliable, and valid survey instruments to measure and improve the discharge processes.OBJECTIVE:The object was to describe psychometric properties of the Brief PREPARED (B‐PREPARED) instrument to measure preparedness for hospital discharge from the patient's perspective.METHODS:The study was a prospective cohort of 460 patient or proxy telephone interviews following hospital discharge home. We administered the Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale and the PREPARED instrument 1 week after discharge. PREPARED measured patients' perceptions of quality and outcome of the discharge‐planning processes. Four weeks after discharge, interviewers elicited emergency department visits. The main outcome was the B‐PREPARED scale value: the sum of scores from 11 items. Internal consistency, construct, and predictive validity were assessed.RESULTS:The mean B‐PREPARED scale value was 17.3 ± 4.2 (SD) with a range of 3 to 22. High scores reflected high preparedness. Principal component analysis identified 3 domains: self‐care information, equipment/services, and confidence. The B‐PREPARED had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.76) and construct validity. The B‐PREPARED correlated with medication information satisfaction (P < 0.001). Higher median B‐PREPARED scores appropriately discriminated patients with no worry about managing at home from worriers (P < 0.001) and predicted patients without emergency department visits after discharge from those who had visits (P = 0.011).CONCLUSIONS:The B‐PREPARED scale measured patients' perceptions of their preparedness for hospital discharge home with acceptable internal consistency and construct and predictive validity. Brevity may potentiate use by patients and proxies. Clinicians and researchers may use B‐PREPARED to evaluate discharge interventions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3(6):446–454. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Results of a medication reconciliation survey from the 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine national meeting
Authors: Clay Brian J. , Halasyamani Lakshmi , Stucky Erin R. , Greenwald Jeffrey L. , Williams Mark V. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:The status of implementation of medication reconciliation across hospitals is variable to date; the degree to which hospitalists are involved is not known.METHODS:To better describe the current state of medication reconciliation implementation, we conducted a survey of attendees of the 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine national meeting.RESULTS:We identified a lack of uniformity across hospitals with respect to the degree of process implementation. Hospitalists were involved in design and implementation in a majority of cases, and felt that medication reconciliation would likely have a positive impact on patient safety. Tertiary care academic centers were more likely to use physicians to perform medication reconciliation, whereas community hospitals were more likely to involve nurses as well. Pharmacist participation in the medication reconciliation process was found to be quite low. Process and outcome measures were used infrequently. Patients' lack of medication knowledge and absence of preadmission medication information were cited most frequently as barriers to implementation of medication reconciliation.CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of medication reconciliation is complex and challenging. Medication information is often incomplete, and elements of the medication reconciliation process result in increased time demands on providers. Current implementation efforts often have physicians and nurses “share” responsibility for compliance, and pharmacists are underutilized in medication reconciliation processes. Hospitalists have thus far played a substantial role in process design and implementation, and should continue to lead the way in advancing efforts to successfully implement medication reconciliation. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3(6):465–472. © 2008 Societyof Hospital Medicine.