bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aminolysis of p‐tert‐Butyl‐tetrakis‐[(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy]thiacalix[4]arene.
Authors: Jin Yan , Zhang Chunlei , Gong Shuling , Chen Yuanyin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Tricyanovinyl‐Substituted Thienylpyrroles and Characterization of the Solvatochromic, Electrochemical and Non‐Linear Optical Properties.
Authors: Raposo M. Manuela M. , Sousa Ana M. R. C. , Kirsch G. , Ferreira F. , Belsley M. , de Matos Gomes E. , Fonseca A. Mauricio C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Halo‐Arylation of Tethered Alkenes Using N‐Halosuccinimide (NXS) as the Halogen Source: A General Method for the Synthesis of Chromanones, Chromans, Quinolones, Tetrahydroquinolines and Tetralins.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maji Biswajit , Karmakar Ananta 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Ionic Liquid Ethylammonium Nitrate‐Promoted Knoevenagel Condensation of Meldrum′s Acid with Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Hu Yi , Wei Ping , Huang He , Le Zhang‐Gao , Chen Zhen‐Chu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐n‐Butyl‐3‐methylimmidazolium Tetrafluoroborate—Promoted Green Synthesis of 5‐Arylidene Barbituric Acids and Thiobarbituric Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Chun , Ma Jing‐jun , Zhou Xin , Zang Xiao‐huan , Wang Zhi , Gao Yong‐jun , Cui Peng‐lei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Pyrazine Derivatives. Part 44. Synthesis and Tuberculostatic Activity of 4‐Substituted 3,4,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐2H‐[1,2′]‐bis‐pyrazine Derivatives.
Authors: Foks Henryk , Pancechowska‐Ksepko Danuta , Janowiec Mieczyslaw , Zwolska Zofia , Augustynowicz‐Kopec Ewa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Route to the Synthesis of α‐Arylselenosubstituted Carbonyl Compounds and Nitriles.
Authors: Beletskaya Irina , Sigeev Alexander , Peregudov Alexander , Petrovskii Pavel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structure of 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐bis‐(methyl 3′,4′,6′‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosid‐2‐yl) ‐imidazolidine‐4,5‐dione (IV).
Authors: Temeriusz Andrzej , Rowinska Magdalena , Piekarska‐Bartoszewicz Boguslawa , Anulewicz‐Ostrowska Romana , Cyranski Michal K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐4′‐Ethynyl and 4′‐Cyano Carbocyclic Analogues of Stavudine (d4T).
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroki , Haraguchi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Hiromichi , Nitanda Takao , Baba Masanori , Dutschman Ginger E. , Cheng Yung‐Chi , Kato Keisuke 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Design of Materials: A Case Study of Inorganic Open‐Framework Materials
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Dan Meenakshi , Behera J. N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Die Bedeutung des zweiten osmotischen Virialkoeffizienten für die Proteinkristallisation
Authors: Wanka J. , Peukert W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDie Kristallisation der Proteine bietet eine gute und quantitative Möglichkeit zu ihrer Abtrennung und Aufreinigung. Wichtigster und zeitaufwändigster Schritt der Kristallisation ist das Auffinden geeigneter Kristallisationsbedingungen meist über ein groß angelegtes Screening. Als prädiktiver Parameter für die Proteinkristallisation zur Reduzierung der notwendigen Experimente wurde der zweite osmotische Virialkoeffizient B22 erkannt. Der Zusammenhang zwischen B22 und den Präzipitateigenschaften wurde bisher nur qualitativ hergestellt, es ist deshalb Thema dieser Untersuchungen, ihn zu quantifizieren.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Porter Geoffrey A. , Baxter Nancy N. , Pisters Peter W. T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDNo population‐based studies of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) have been conducted, and the use and timing of adjuvant radiotherapy for RPS is controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and treatment of RPS, specifically regarding the use of adjuvant radiotherapy.METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to evaluate the incidence of RPS over a 29‐year period (1973‐2001). The rate of surgery, the rate and timing of adjuvant radiotherapy, and the influence of demographic factors on treatment were evaluated.RESULTSA total of 2348 cases of RPS were identified. The mean annual incidence of RPS was 2.7 cases per 106 persons and did not change significantly over time (2.6 in 1973 vs. 2.8 in 2001; P = .92). Most patients (1654; 70.4%) underwent surgical resection. Radiotherapy was used in 428 patients (25.9%) who underwent surgery; radiation was given postoperatively in 366 (85.5%), preoperatively in 20 (4.7%), and intraoperatively or unknown in 42 (9.8%). Patients who received any adjuvant radiotherapy were on average 5 years younger than those who underwent surgery alone (P < .0001). Radiotherapy was more commonly used among whites than African Americans (25.8% vs. 16.7%; P = .02) and there was significant variation in the use of adjuvant radiotherapy by geographic location (P = .003). On multivariate analysis, race (P = 0.004), age (P < .0001), and geographic location (P = .006) were independently associated with the use of adjuvant radiotherapy.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of RPS, a rare disease, appears stable. Most patients who undergo surgery do not receive any adjuvant radiotherapy, and very few receive preoperative radiotherapy. Differences in adjuvant radiotherapy use related to demographic and geographic factors suggest that at least some treatment variations reflect differences in individual and institutional practice patterns. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Risk factors for adverse outcomes after transurethral resection of bladder tumors
Authors: Hollenbeck Brent K. , Miller David C. , Taub David , Dunn Rodney L. , Khuri Shukri F. , Henderson William G. , Montie James E. , Underwood Willie , Wei John T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDRisk factors for adverse outcomes after transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) have not been identified to date. Such information would facilitate preoperative risk stratification and case‐mix–adjusted outcome comparison, and lead to the development of processes of care directed at improving outcomes and ultimately the quality of care for bladder carcinoma patients.METHODSThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is a prospective quality management initiative of 123 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers nationwide. Since 1991, a total of 21,515 TURBTs have been prospectively registered by the NSQIP; these cases compose the current study population. Using multivariable logistic regression, the authors determined the independent association between preoperative patient risk factors and perioperative elements of structure/process and morbidity, mortality, and prolonged length of stay (LOS) outcomes.RESULTSThe postoperative complication, 30‐day, and 90‐day mortality rates were 4.3%, 1.3%, and 3.3%, respectively. The median, 75th percentile, and 90th percentile for LOS among patients undergoing TURBT was 2 days, 3 days, and 8 days, respectively. Robust preoperative patient risk factors that were found to be uniformly associated with all adverse outcomes included the presence of disseminated disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.9‐5.2) weight loss (OR, 1.8‐3.8), low serum albumin (OR, 2.3‐7.1), elevated serum creatinine (OR, 1.3‐2.9), a dependent functional status (OR, 1.5‐2.7), and emergent case status (OR, 1.8‐3.1). Compared with models using preoperative patient factors alone, models including perioperative structure and process measures explained further variation in surgical outcomes (each likelihood ratio test, P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study highlight the fact that there are a wide array of patient risk factors that are associated with adverse outcomes after TURBT. Validation of those processes implemented to modify such elements can provide a basis for quality metrics in the context of TURBT. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Twist1 dimer selection regulates cranial suture patterning and fusion
Authors: Connerney Jeannette , Andreeva Viktoria , Leshem Yael , Muentener Christian , Mercado Miguel A. , Spicer Douglas B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSaethre‐Chotzen syndrome is associated with haploinsufficiency of the basic‐helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor TWIST1 and is characterized by premature closure of the cranial sutures, termed craniosynostosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this defect are unclear. Twist1 has been shown to play both positive and negative roles in mesenchymal specification and differentiation, and here we show that the activity of Twist1 is dependent on its dimer partner. Twist1 forms both homodimers (T/T) and heterodimers with E2A E proteins (T/E) and the relative level of Twist1 to the HLH inhibitor Id proteins determines which dimer forms. On the basis of the expression patterns of Twist1 and Id1 within the cranial sutures, we hypothesized that Twist1 forms homodimers in the osteogenic fronts and T/E heterodimers in the mid‐sutures. In support of this hypothesis, we have found that genes regulated by T/T homodimers, such as FGFR2 and periostin, are expressed in the osteogenic fronts, whereas genes regulated by T/E heterodimers, such as thrombospondin‐1, are expressed in the mid‐sutures. The ratio between these dimers is altered in the sutures of Twist1+/− mice, favoring an increase in homodimers and an expansion of the osteogenic fronts. Of interest, the T/T to T/E ratio is greater in the coronal versus the sagittal suture, and this finding may contribute to making the coronal suture more susceptible to fusion due to TWIST haploinsufficiency. Importantly, we were able to inhibit suture fusion in Twist1+/− mice by modulating the balance between these dimers toward T/E formation, by either increasing the expression of E2A E12 or by decreasing Id expression. Therefore, we have identified dimer partner selection as an important mediator of Twist1 function and provide a mechanistic understanding of craniosynostosis due to TWIST haploinsufficiency. Developmental Dynamics 235:1345–1357, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hedgehog signalling controls zebrafish neural keel morphogenesis via its level‐dependent effects on neurogenesis
Authors: Takamiya Masanari , Campos‐Ortega Jose A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe investigated the role of hedgehog (Hh) signalling on zebrafish neurulation, focusing on the intimate relationship between neurogenesis and morphogenesis during the neural keel stage. Through the analyses of Hh loss‐ and gain‐of‐function phenotypes, we found that Hh signalling controls the neural keel morphogenesis. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we examined cellular elongation polarity in the neural keel of Hh loss‐ and gain‐of‐function phenotypes and compared this with the deficient phenotype of a planar cell polarity (PCP) molecule, Trilobite/Strabismus. We found that Hh signalling controls cell elongation polarity of the neuroepithelium at least in part by means of PCP pathway; however, its effects are not strong enough per se to affect keel morphogenesis; instead Hh signalling mainly controls keel morphogenesis by means of affecting both medial and lateral neurogenesis. We devised a method for precise evaluation of neurogenesis in loss‐ and gain‐of‐Hh phenotypes that compensates for its delay caused by disturbed morphogenesis. We present a model that Hh signalling exerts level‐dependent and binary‐opposite effects on medial neurogenesis, whose modification to explain lateral neurogenesis reveals regional differences of underlying mechanisms between the two proneural domains. Such differences seem to be created in part by regional effector signalling; the effects of high Hh‐signalling on medial neurogenesis can be reversed in accordance to medial Tri/Stbm level, in a polarity independent manner. Developmental Dynamics 235:978–997, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for adolescents with binge eating syndromes: A case series
Authors: Schapman‐Williams Ann M. , Lock James , Couturier Jennifer 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectivePublished empirically based studies of psychotherapies for bulimia nervosa (BN) have been conducted solely with adult populations. The current study extends the extant literature by piloting a version of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for BN adapted for an adolescent population.MethodThe participants were referred for treatment for binge eating and purging behaviors at a university clinic. Patients received pretreatment and posttreatment interviews assessing the frequency of their binge eating and purge behaviors, and they also completed pretreatment and posttreatment assessments with the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE).ResultsResults indicated significant reductions in the frequency of binge eating from pretreatment to posttreatment. Furthermore, all subscale scores of the EDE showed significant declines from pretreatment to posttreatment.ConclusionThe authors concluded that CBT adapted for adolescents with bulimic symptoms appears to be a promising intervention worthy of further study in adolescents. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Scale of interest versus scale of estimation: comparing alternative estimators for the incremental costs of a comorbidity
Authors: Basu Anirban , Arondekar Bhakti V. , Rathouz Paul J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe investigate how the scale of estimation in risk‐adjustment models for health‐care costs affects the covariate effect, where the scale of interest for the covariate effect may be different from the scale of estimation. As an illustrative example, we use claims data to estimate the incremental costs associated with heart failure within one year subsequent to myocardial infarction. Here, the scale of interest for the effect of heart failure on costs is additive. However, traditional methods for modeling costs use predetermined scale of estimation – for example, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression assumes an additive scale while log‐transformed OLS and generalized linear models with log‐link assume a multiplicative scale of estimation. We compare these models with a new flexible model that lets the data determine the appropriate scale of estimation. We use a variety of goodness‐of‐fit measures along with a modified Copas test to assess robustness, lack of fit, and over‐fitting properties of the alternative estimators. Biases up to 19% in the scale of interest are observed due to the misrepresentation of the scale of estimation. The new flexible model is found to appropriately represent the scale of estimation and less susceptible to over‐fitting despite estimating additional parameters in the link and the variance functions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Job displacement and stress‐related health outcomes
Authors: Browning Martin , Moller Dano Anne , Heinesen Eskil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe investigate whether job loss as the result of displacement causes hospitalization for stress‐related diseases which are widely thought to be associated with unemployment. In doing this, we use much better data than any previous investigators. Our data are a random 10% sample of the male population of Denmark for the years 1981–1999 with full records on demographics, health and work status for each person, and with a link from every working person to a plant. We use the method of ‘matching on observables’ to estimate the counter‐factual of what would have happened to the health of a particular group of displaced workers if they had not in fact been displaced. Our results indicate unequivocally that being displaced in Denmark does not cause hospitalization for stress‐related disease. An analysis of the power of our test suggests that even though we are looking for a relatively rare outcome, our data set is large enough to show even quite small an effect if there were any. Supplementary analyses do not show any causal link from displacement or unemployment to our health outcomes for particular groups that might be thought to be more susceptible. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional role of VDR in the activation of p27Kip1 by the VDR/Sp1 complex
Authors: Cheng Hsuen‐Tsen , Chen Jing‐Yi , Huang Yu‐Chun , Chang Hui‐Chiu , Hung Wen‐Chun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOur previous study demonstrate that vitamin D3 induces the binding of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) to Sp1 transcription factor and stimulates p27Kip1 expression via the Sp1 consensus sequences in the promoter. Both VDR and Sp1 are transcriptional activators, it is unclear which protein functions as the transcription component of the VDR/Sp1 complex. To address this issue, we constructed the AF‐2 deletion mutant of VDR and tested the effect of vitamin D3 on p27Kip1 expression. In consistent with our previous results, we found that expression of wild‐type VDR in SW620 colon cancer cells, which expressed very low level of endogenous VDR, increased vitamin D3‐stimulated p27Kip1 promoter activity and protein expression. On the contrary, expression of AF‐2 deletion mutant had little effect. DNA affinity precipitation assay (DAPA) showed that both wild‐type and deletion mutant of VDR bound to the DNA probe corresponding to the Sp1 binding site in the p27Kip1 promoter in a vitamin D3‐dependent manner indicating deletion of AF‐2 domain does not affect the interaction between VDR and Sp1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay also confirmed that VDR and its AF‐2 deletion mutant bound to p27Kip1 promoter in vivo. We found that deletion of AF‐2 domain abolished the interaction of coactivators SRC‐1 and DRIP205 with VDR. Taken together, our results suggest that VDR functions as the transactivation component of the VDR/Sp1 complex to trigger gene expression. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delayed treatment with sildenafil enhances neurogenesis and improves functional recovery in aged rats after focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Zhang Rui Lan , Zhang Zhenggang , Zhang Li , Wang Ying , Zhang Chunling , Chopp Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIncreasing age decreases the number of new neurons in the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, enhances neurogenesis in young rats. The present study tested the hypothesis that sildenafil augments neurogenesis in aged rats after focal cerebral ischemia. Nonischemic aged (18 months, n = 6) Wistar rats exhibited a significant reduction of actively proliferating and relatively quiescent cells in the SVZ measured by the number of minichromosome maintenance protein‐2‐positive (MCM‐2+) cells, a marker of the proliferating cells, compared with nonischemic young (3–4 months, n = 8) rats. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery did not increase the number of MCM‐2+ cells in the SVZ of aged rats at 3 months after focal ischemia. However, treatment with sildenafil at a dose of 3 mg/kg (n = 8) daily for 7 consecutive days starting 7 days after focal ischemia significantly increased the number of MCM‐2+ cells in the SVZ of aged rats compared with aged rats treated with saline (n = 8). Double immunostaining revealed that substantially more Ki67+ cells (a marker of proliferating cells) were doublecortin+ (a marker of migrating neuroblasts) in sildenafil‐treated than in saline‐treated aged animals. In addition, treatment with sildenafil significantly improved functional recovery compared with saline‐treated rats. These data suggest that inhibition of PDE5 activity by sildenafil augments neurogenesis in the SVZ of aged ischemic rats, although these rats have reduced numbers of neural progenitor and stem cells in the SVZ. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrodiagnostic criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome in axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Ubogu Eroboghene E. , Benatar Michael 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMedian–ulnar comparative studies (MUCSs) play an important role in the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but diagnostic criteria in patients with underlying axonal polyneuropathy have not been established. We prospectively evaluated 28 patients with axonal polyneuropathy (48 hands), blindly dichotomized into CTS cases and controls, using the lumbrical–interosseous motor (LIM), mixed palmar sensory (MPS), and digit 4 sensory (D4S) MUCS. LIM, MPS, and D4S MUCS latency differences could be calculated in 98%, 69%, and 48% of hands. Based on the maximum combination of sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic cutoffs were ≥0.8, ≥0.5, and ≥0.4 ms for the LIM, MPS, and D4S studies, respectively. The LIM study was the most accurate test and the only MUCS that yielded a positive likelihood ratio greater than 10 (16.25 for a cut‐off value of 1 ms) and a negative likelihood ratio less than 0.1 (0.09 for a cut‐off value of 0.4 ms), resulting in meaningful differences in pretest and posttest probabilities of CTS in patients with axonal polyneuropathy. These novel MUCS electrodiagnostic criteria should facilitate more accurate electrodiagnostic confirmation of CTS in this population. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Pentoxifylline fails to attenuate fibrosis in dystrophic (mdx) diaphragm muscle
Authors: Gosselin Luc E. , Williams Jacqueline E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFibrosis is a common pathological feature observed in muscle from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in mdx diaphragm. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment for 4 weeks (16 mg/kg/day) could significantly attenuate the process of fibrosis in diaphragm muscle from mdx mice. PTX treatment had no impact on in vitro diaphragm muscle contractile function. In addition, diaphragm muscle hydroxyproline concentration and the level of type I and III collagen and TGF‐β1 mRNA were unaffected by PTX treatment. These findings do not support the use of PTX as an antifibrotic drug for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2006