bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient electromagnetic interference shielding performance of poly(amide imide)/MWCNT‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Rani Priyanka , Malik Rajender Singh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe establishment of conducting network in a polymer matrix is essential for the improvement in electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Here, we report the fabrication of nanocomposites comprising polyamideimide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (from 0.5 to 5.0 wt%). The effect of MWCNTs on electrical conductivity, morphology, and EMI shielding behavior has been examined. The morphology of nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscope and x‐ray diffraction, which confirms the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the matrix. The electrical conductivity increases from 1.4 × 10−12 to 0.145 × 10−4 S/cm by the inclusion of MWCNTs. The composite PACNT‐5 exhibits a good EMI shielding efficiency of −17 dB in the X‐band region by employing only 5.0 wt% of MWCNTs. The incorporation of MWCNTs formed an interconnected conducting network, which boost the transferability of electrons or charge carriers. This work demonstrates a feasible, simple, and effective strategy for the fabrication of potential PAI/MWCNT composites for highly efficient EMI shielding materials.
Increasing Dimensionality in Self‐Assembly: Toward Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Atienza Carmen M. , Sánchez Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDifferent approaches to achieve 2D supramolecular polymers, as an alternative to the covalent bottom‐up approaches reported for the preparation of 2D materials, are reviewed. The significance of the operation of weak non‐covalent forces to induce a lateral growth of a number of self‐assembling units is collected. The examples of both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled formation of 2D supramolecular polymers showed in this review demonstrate the utility of this strategy to achieve new 2D materials with biased morphologies (nanosheets, scrolls, porous surfaces) and showing elegant applications like chiral recognition, enantioselective uptake or asymmetric organic transformations. Furthermore, elaborated techniques like seeded or living supramolecular polymerizations have been demonstrated to give rise to complex 2D nanostructures.
High‐pressure Synthesis of Cobalt Polynitrides: Unveiling Intriguing Crystal Structures and Nitridation Behavior
Authors: Chen Huawei , Bykov Maxim , Batyrev Iskander G. , Brüning Lukas , Bykova Elena , Mahmood Mohammad F. , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Fedotenko Timofey , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Glazyrin Konstantin , Steele Andrew , Goncharov Alexander F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we conduct extensive high‐pressure experiments to investigate phase stability in the cobalt‐nitrogen system. Through a combination of synthesis in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell, first‐principles calculations, Raman spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, we establish the stability fields of known high‐pressure phases, hexagonal NiAs‐type CoN, and marcasite‐type CoN2 within the pressure range of 50–90 GPa. We synthesize and characterize previously unknown nitrides, Co3N2, Pnma‐CoN and two polynitrides, CoN3 and CoN5, within the pressure range of 90–120 GPa. Both polynitrides exhibit novel types of polymeric nitrogen chains and networks. CoN3 feature branched‐type nitrogen trimers (N3) and CoN5 show π‐bonded nitrogen chain. As the nitrogen content in the cobalt nitride increases, the CoN6 polyhedral frameworks transit from face‐sharing (in CoN) to edge‐sharing (in CoN2 and CoN3), and finally to isolated (in CoN5). Our study provides insights into the intricate interplay between structure evolution, bonding arrangements, and high‐pressure synthesis in polynitrides, expanding the knowledge for the development of advanced energy materials
Alzheimer's disease progression detection based on optical fluence rate measurements using alternative laser wavelengths
Authors: Mahdy Shimaa , Abuelmakarem Hala S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) levels have increased globally, which is considered the sixth reason for deaths. So, a requirement exists for economic and quantitative methods to follow up the gradual progression of AD. The current study presents a simulation for a non‐irradiated, safe, wearable, and noninvasive mobile approach for detecting the progression of Alzheimer's brain atrophy using the optical diffusion technique and for investigating the difference between the normal and the diseased brain. The virtual study was accomplished using COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulated head is implemented as the following: scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter. The optical properties of the heterogeneous tissue are observed using the fluence rate after irradiating the head with different wavelengths (630, 700, 810, 915, and 1000 nm) of lasers. Two assessment techniques were applied to evaluate the brain atrophy measurements; the first technique was an array of photodetectors, which were lined at the head posterior, while a matrix of photodetectors was applied over the head surface in the second technique. The results show that the surface photodetectors approach differentiates the normal from AD brains without measuring the brain atrophy percentages by applying 630 nm. The array of photodetectors distinguishes normal from AD brains without detecting the brain atrophy percentages when the wavelengths 630, 700, and 810 nm were applied. The line detector at 1000 nm evaluates the brain atrophy percentages with AD. The future explores applying those techniques in vivo and analyzing the information by the spectrometer for extensively safer early detection of neural disorders.
Self‐Promoted Glycosylation of Carbamoylated Peptides on Solid Phase
Authors: Fischer Niklas H. , Vævest Benedicte N. , Dam Andreas K. , Diness Frederik , Pedersen Christian M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelf‐promoted glycosylations with trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors are demonstrated on solid‐phase‐anchored peptides orthogonally deprotected and tosylcarbamoylated on the side‐chains of cysteine and serine, respectively. The donor scope included glucosyl as well as mannosyl trichloroacetimidates, carrying benzyl, acetyl, or isopropylidene protecting groups. Isopropylidene groups were found to be removed under the acidic conditions used for release of the neoglycopeptides from the solid support, yielding neoglycopeptides with unprotected hydroxyl groups. Glycosylation of a peptide containing a carbamoylated tyrosine was attempted as well, but the desired neoglycopeptide could not be synthesized due to thermal instability of the carbamate.
Ongoing effects of preterm birth on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of guinea pigs
Authors: Moloney Roisin A. , Palliser Hannah K. , Dyson Rebecca M. , Pavy Carlton L. , Berry Max , Hirst Jonathon J. , Shaw Julia C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChildren born preterm have an increased likelihood of developing neurobehavioral disorders such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety. These disorders have a sex bias, with males having a higher incidence of ADHD, whereas anxiety disorder tends to be more prevalent in females. Both disorders are underpinned by imbalances to key neurotransmitter systems, with dopamine and noradrenaline in particular having major roles in attention regulation and stress modulation. Preterm birth disturbances to neurodevelopment may affect this neurotransmission in a sexually dimorphic manner. Time‐mated guinea pig dams were allocated to deliver by preterm induction of labor (gestational age 62 [GA62]) or spontaneously at term (GA69). The resultant offspring were randomized to endpoints as neonates (24 h after term‐equivalence age) or juveniles (corrected postnatal day 40, childhood equivalence). Relative mRNA expressions of key dopamine and noradrenaline pathway genes were examined in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and quantified with real‐time PCR. Myelin basic protein and neuronal nuclei immunostaining were performed to characterize the impact of preterm birth. Within the frontal cortex, there were persisting reductions in the expression of dopaminergic pathway components that occurred in preterm males only. Conversely, preterm‐born females had increased expression of key noradrenergic receptors and a reduction of the noradrenergic transporter within the hippocampus. This study demonstrated that preterm birth results in major changes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor, transporter, and synthesis enzyme gene expression in a sex‐ and region‐based manner that may contribute to the sex differences in susceptibility to neurobehavioral disorders. These findings highlight the need for the development of sex‐based treatments for improving these conditions.
No recovery in the biomass of flying insects over the last decade in German nature protected areas
Authors: Mühlethaler Roland , Köthe Sebastian , Hörren Thomas , Sorg Martin , Eichler Lisa , Lehmann Gerlind U. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFive years after a German study on insect biomass described a multi‐decade decline in nature protected habitats, the DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas) project has investigated the status of insects in 21 selected nature reserves across Germany in the years 2020 and 2021. We used the same methods and protocols for trapping and measuring the biomass of flying insects as in the earlier study. Across two vegetation periods, we accumulated a comprehensive data set of 1621 data points of two‐week emptying intervals to evaluate the insect biomass along gradients from arable land into nature reserves through transects of Malaise traps. On average, we observed an increase in maximum insect biomass per day along the transect from the edge to the centre of the nature reserve. Overall, the measured insect biomass remained at low levels, consistent with previous findings from the years 2007–2016. There were no significant regional differences. The results show that protected habitats have higher insect biomass compared to farmland and are therefore essential for insects but are unlikely to be sufficient to sustain insect biodiversity. Further measures need to be taken for better protection and sustainment of insects, which fulfil key functions in all terrestrial ecosystems.
Firefighting, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and DNA methylation of genes associated with prostate cancer risk
Authors: Quaid Margaret , Goodrich Jaclyn M. , Calkins Miriam M. , Graber Judith M. , Urwin Derek , Gabriel Jamie , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Petroff Rebekah L. , Grant Casey , Beitel Shawn C. , Littau Sally , Gulotta John J. , Wallentine Darin , Hughes Jeff , Burgess Jefferey L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProstate cancer is the leading incident cancer among men in the United States. Firefighters are diagnosed with this disease at a rate 1.21 times higher than the average population. This increased risk may result from occupational exposures to many toxicants, including per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study assessed the association between firefighting as an occupation in general or PFAS serum levels, with DNA methylation. Only genomic regions previously linked to prostate cancer risk were selected for analysis: GSTP1, Alu repetitive elements, and the 8q24 chromosomal region. There were 444 male firefighters included in this study, with some analyses being conducted on fewer participants due to missingness. Statistical models were used to test associations between exposures and DNA methylation at CpG sites in the selected genomic regions. Exposure variables included proxies of cumulative firefighting exposures (incumbent versus academy status and years of firefighting experience) and biomarkers of PFAS exposures (serum concentrations of 9 PFAS). Proxies of cumulative exposures were associated with DNA methylation at 15 CpG sites and one region located within FAM83A (q‐value <0.1). SbPFOA was associated with 19 CpG sites (q < 0.1), but due to low detection rates, this PFAS was modeled as detected versus not detected in serum. Overall, there is evidence that firefighting experience is associated with differential DNA methylation in prostate cancer risk loci, but this study did not find evidence that these differences are due to PFAS exposures specifically.
Automated extraction of mining‐induced ground fissures using deep learning and object‐based image classification
Authors: Huangfu Wenchao , Qiu Haijun , Cui Peng , Yang Dongdong , Liu Ya , Ullah Mohib , Kamp Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccurate extraction of ground fissures caused by intense coal mining has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring in mining areas. However, the extraction results using previous methods have often exhibited issues of discontinuity and substantial deviation from ground truth data, resulting in low extraction accuracy. In this study, a novel approach, ENVINet5‐OBIC, for extracting ground fissures in mining areas is proposed, which integrates object‐based image classification (OBIC) with the pixel‐based deep learning model ENVINet5. ENVINet5‐OBIC uses OBIC to segment high‐resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images across different scales, effectively considering shape, texture and correlative information between adjacent pixels. Furthermore, by utilizing homogeneous objects as building blocks, it establishes a deep learning model for the automated extraction of ground fissures. Experimental results show that ENVINet5‐OBIC performs better when compared with OBIC, U‐Net, PSPNet and ENVINet5 methods in terms of continuity, accuracy and error reduction. In addition, the ground fissure area extracted by ENVINet5‐OBIC closely aligns with ground truth data. This study provides a more effective method for automatic extraction of ground fissures, which improves the efficiency of environmental monitoring in mining areas.
Fabrication of hierarchically structured supercapacitor using N and S co‐doped activated carbons derived from Samanea saman biomass
Authors: Sarmah Saswati , Kakati Biraj Kumar , Kucernak Anthony RJ , Deka Dhanapati 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived activated carbons have emerged as highly promising electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors due to their remarkable characteristics, such as high surface area, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the synthesis of N and S co‐doped activated carbons (NSACs) from Samanea saman (rain tree) biomass through a combined hydrothermal‐chemical activation process. Leveraging the advantageous hierarchical structure inherent to biological sources, the resulting NSACs demonstrate enhanced ion transport, leading to remarkable capacity and power density. The NSACs synthesized by pyrolysis at 800°C exhibit exceptional specific capacitances of 434 and 401 Fg−1 in Na2SO4 and H2SO4 electrolytes, respectively, in a three‐electrode system. The capacitance retention of the same NSAC was found to be 77.6% at a corresponding current density of 10 Ag−1 in H2SO4 electrolyte. This outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the material's high specific surface area (1402 m2 g−1), well‐defined hierarchical porous structure, and a substantial degree of graphitization. A symmetric supercapacitor constructed using the synthesized NSACs demonstrates notable energy densities of 14.5 and 25.0 Whkg−1, with H2SO4 and Na2SO4 electrolytes respectively. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent stability, retaining 91.3%–94.3% of its capacity after 5000 consecutive GCD cycles with H2SO4 and Na2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. The synergistic combination of the unique characteristics of NSACs derived from Samanea saman biomass presents a promising avenue for the development of high‐performance and environment‐friendly supercapacitors.
Impact of a clinical pharmacist‐led COVID‐19 treatment consult service in two primary care seniors clinics
Authors: Hart Caitlin , Linnebur Sunny A. , Fixen Danielle R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare utilization due to COVID‐19 infection is more prevalent in the older adult population. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is an oral antiviral option that can decrease the hospitalizations in older adults but has many of drug–drug interactions that need evaluation.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacist COVID‐19 treatment consult service.MethodsClinical pharmacists were consulted to assess and provide COVID‐19 therapy recommendations for adults 65 years and older who tested positive for COVID‐19 in two primary care clinics. Recommendations for the most appropriate COVID‐19 therapy were sent to the primary care provider for review and discussed with the patient. Healthcare utilization, reinfection with COVID‐19, and safety of COVID‐19 therapies were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred and twenty four patients, average age of 82 years, received clinical pharmacy assessment for COVID‐19 therapy. Pharmacists recommended treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in 80% of patients. Medication modifications due to drug–drug interactions were required in 88% of patients receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Thirteen patients were recommended or opted to receive alternative COVID‐19 treatment while 36 patients declined COVID‐19 treatment, despite provider and pharmacist recommendations. Nineteen patients had an emergency department visit or hospitalization related to COVID‐19 within 30 days of pharmacy consult; 15 of the patients had been treated with COVID‐19 therapy and 4 declined therapy (p = 0.58). Eight patients experienced reinfection with COVID‐19. Only one patient reported an adverse event of hives within 30 days of receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy.ConclusionA pharmacist‐led consult service for evaluating and recommending COVID‐19 antiviral therapies resulted in successful triage, while balancing management of drug interactions in a high‐risk patient population. No significant difference was found in healthcare utilization or reinfection between patients who received a COVID‐19 therapy and those who did not.
Clinical outcome of bevacizumab or ramucirumab combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the first line therapy in susceptible EGFR‐mutated advanced non‐small‐cell lung
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Yu , Tsai Ming‐Ju , Hung Jen‐Yu , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Wu Kuan‐Li , Tsai Yu‐Chen , Chuang Cheng‐Hao , Huang Chung‐Wen , Chen Chin‐Ling , Yang Chih‐Jen , Chong Inn‐Wen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCombining epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with an anti‐ vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, bevacizumab or ramucirumab, is indicated for advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutation. This study aimed to show the real‐world data of combination therapy and compare the effectiveness between bevacizumab and ramucirumab in combination with an EGFR‐TKI. This retrospective study enrolled 47 patients diagnosed of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation, receiving a first‐line EGFR‐TKI with anti‐VEGF agent, including 34 (72%) and 13 (28%) patients receiving bevacizumab and ramucirumab, respectively. The response rate was similar in both groups (p = 0.38). Patients receiving bevacizumab had similar progression free survival (PFS) as those receiving ramucirumab (median PFS: 21.9 vs. 24.2 months, p = 0.4871); similar finding was noted in overall survival (OS) (median OS: 33.5 months vs. not reached, p = 0.4618). Patients receiving ramucirumab experienced a significantly high‐grade hypertension compared to those receiving bevacizumab (p = 0.0351). Multivariable Cox regression analysis found independent risk factors for worse PFS included poorer ECOG performance status, multiple (≥3) metastatic sites, brain metastasis, and pleural metastasis/effusion, while the type of anti‐VEGF agent was not a risk factor. Pericardial metastasis/effusion was the only one independent risk factor for worse OS. In summary, ramucirumab may have similar effectiveness as bevacizumab in combination with an EGFR‐TKI as first line therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring susceptible EGFR mutation. Further large‐scale registry‐based cohort studies may be needed to validate our findings.
Systemic Bevacizumab for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Single Institution's Experience
Authors: So Raymond J. , Rayle Christopher , Joo Henry H. , Huang Emily Y. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Raabe Eric H. , Best Simon R. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesMedical therapies to limit disease recurrence are critically needed for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Systemic bevacizumab is emerging as an exciting adjuvant therapy toward this end, but uptake has been poor due to the lack of experience and awareness of best prescribing practices. The objective of this study was to describe a single tertiary care academic medical center's experience using systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of RRP.MethodsA retrospective review was performed to identify patients with RRP on systemic bevacizumab. Demographic and clinical characteristics, findings on imaging reports, and disease response at all anatomic subsites involved in papilloma were documented.ResultsOf the 17 RRP patients on systemic bevacizumab, 9 (52.9%) were male, and 12 (70.6%) were diagnosed with juvenile‐onset RRP. The total lifetime number of surgeries was high, with more than half (n = 9; 52.9%) undergoing more than 50 surgeries. Following induction of systemic bevacizumab, a significant reduction in patients with laryngeal (n = 15; 94.1% vs. n = 7; 41.2%, p < 0.001) and tracheal (n = 11; 64.7% vs. n = 5; 29.4%, p = 0.04) RRP was noted. Surgical frequency was significantly lower following systemic bevacizumab (2.5 vs. 0.5 surgeries per year; p < 0.001). The most common complications were new‐onset hypertension (n = 4; 23.5%) and proteinuria (n = 5; 29.4%).ConclusionSystemic bevacizumab is effective in reducing the number of surgeries needed for RRP while exhibiting a relatively safe complication profile. Papillomas in the larynx and trachea are most responsive to systemic bevacizumab, while pulmonary RRP is most likely to exhibit a partial‐to‐stable response.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:3253–3259, 2024