bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of in vivo differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. III. Regulation By T Lymphocytes And Inflammation
Authors: Lotem Joseph , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse and human (HL‐60) MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells were induced to differentiate to mature cells in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of normal mice when a xenogeneic source of serum was added to the diffusion chambers. Differentiation was inhibited in immune deficient mice including congenitally athymic nude and neonatally thymectomized mice, and mice treated with cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone, or X‐irradiation. There was no such inhibition of differentiation in mice with various genetic defects in their B lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and natural killer cells. Differentiation in cyclophosphamide‐treated mice was restored by a single intravenous injection of normal spleen cells highly enriched for T lymphocytes. Conditions permissive for differentiation were associated with a higher number of eosinophils in the peritoneum than conditions that inhibited differentiation. Intraperitoneal injections of inflammatory peritoneal exudate cells, peritoneal granulocytes, or the inflammation inducer sodium caseinate, restored the ability of defective mice to induce differentiation. Injections into defective mice of the normal mouse macrophage and granulocyte differentiation‐inducing protein (MGI‐2) restored differentiation of the mouse myeloid leukemic cells but not of the human myeloid leukemic cells. Differentiation of normal mouse bone marrow myeloid precursors to mature cells and of differentiation‐defective (MGI‐D‐) mouse myeloid leukemic cells to intermediate stages of differentiation were not affected by the conditions that inhibited differentiation of the MGI +D+ myeloid leukemic cells. The results indicate: 1) that the intraperitoneal accumulation of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, can induce differentiation of MGI +D+ leukemic cells in the peritoneal cavity; 2) that this response requires T lymphocytes and can be regulated by xenogeneic serum in the chamber; 3) that in vivo diffentiation of normal and MGI +D+ myeloid leukemic cells can be regulated in different ways; and 4) that the in vivo differentiation of the mouse MGI +D+ leukemic cells, human MGI+D+ leukemic cells and mouse MGI−D− leukemic cells were induced by different compounds, so that differentiation of different types of leukemic cells may be differently regulated in vivo depending on which compounds induce differentiation.
Propagation of a poorly differentiated human pulmonary adenocarcinoma in nude athymic rats
Authors: Korsgaard Rolf , Lindén Carl‐Johan , Willén Roger , Willén Helena , Svensson Gunnar , Simonsson Bo G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNude athymic rats of Rowett genetic background were injected subcutaneously with cells from a poorly differentiated human pulmonary adenocarcinoma, following propagation in nude mice. The tumour cells were obtained by thoracentesis and by pleural biopsy during thoracoscopy. So far, we have heterotransplanted 13 different malignant human tumours including malignant mesothelioma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma and malignant lymphoma. Subcutaneous tumour growth was seen in all inoculated animals, with an exponential tumour growth pattern and with tumour volume doubling times of approximately 8 days. After two initial passages in nude athymic mice of BALB/c genetic background, the human tumour so far has undergone 9 passages in athymic rats, i. e. collection of tumour material by biopsy from the preceding tumour‐bearing rat generation, processing and inoculation of tumour brei with subsequent tumour growth have been repeated 8 times. Four‐ to 8‐week‐old rats of both sexes were used throughout and tumour growth was controlled by palpation twice a week. Routine histopathological sections were prepared from the tumour at various passages to assess similarity to the original tumour in the patient. The growth pattern of the xenografts remained similar at all passages just as the remarkable similarity of the heterotransplanted tumours to the original adenocarcinoma was retained at all passages. No spontaneous regressions of heterotransplanted tumours could be demonstrated. Electron microscopical analysis revealed numerous blunt microvilli and lumina partly filled with conglomerates of mucigen granules and small glycocayceal bodies associated with external superficial microvilli. Scantiness of dark secretory granules together with free and membrane‐bound polyribosomes were seen in the cytoplasm. We believe that the nude athymic rat is a valuable research tool and that the permanently transplantable human tumour reported here could be of value in delineating further the mechanisms for tumour take, growth and control.
Forskolin: A potential antimetastatic agent
Authors: Agarwal Kailash C. , Parks Robert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForskolin, a diterpene from the roots of an Indian plant, Coleus forskohlii, is a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor and has been examined for its effects on (a) tumor‐induced human platelet aggregation and (b) pulmonary tumor colonization in mice. These studies employed a subline of B16 murine melanoma, BI6‐FIO (highly meta‐static to lungs). Forskolin (2 μM) strongly inhibits the melanoma cell‐induced human platelet aggregation. A single dose of forskolin (82 μg/mouse) administered in‐ traperitoneally 30 or 60 min prior to tail vein injection of cultured BI6‐FIO cells (2 or 3 × 10s cells/mouse) reduced tumor colonization in the lungs by more than 70%. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments. These findings raise the possibility that forskolin could prove of value in the clinic for the prevention of cancer metastasis.
Application of an in vitro assay for serum thymidine kinase: Results on viral disease and malignancies in humans
Authors: Gronowitz J. Simon , Källander Clas F. R. , Diderholm Hans , Hagberg Hans , Pettersson Ulf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn improved method for the detection of deoxythymidine kinase (TK) in human sera is reported. The method which utilizes 125I‐iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) as a substrate was used to measure TK in sera from patients with different diseases. Sera collected during the acute stage of infectious mononucleosis were found to contain elevated levels of TK, in most cases 10–40 times the normal value. The serum TK activity disappeared gradually and reached a normal level within 4 weeks. Sera from patients with other viral infections contained in most cases normal serum TK levels except in connection with measles, rubella, varicella, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections. Additional studies revealed that sera from patients with different types of advanced lymphomas, acute leukemias, chronic granulocytic leukemia and lung cancer of the small‐cell type with metastases, contained high TK level which fluctuated in parallel with alterations in activity of the disease. The TK activity in sera from patients with both mononucleosis and tumor disease was characterized by electrophoresis and by its ability to utilize cytidine triphosphate as the phosphate donor. The results showed that the serum TK has the same properties as the human cytosolar TK1, except in connection with varicella.
Steroid hormone receptors in human squamous carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Virolainen Erkki , Vanharanta Riitta , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecific estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors were determined in 19 well‐characterized squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. Ten of the lines were derived from patients with SCC of the larynx and nine were from patients with SCC originating in other areas of the head and neck. Estrogen receptors (ER) were found in seven of 10 cell lines derived from squamous cancers of the larynx (70%) but in only one of the nine SCC cell lines from sites other than larynx. Progesterone receptors (PGR) were more evenly distributed. Eight of the 10 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines (80%) and five of the nine non‐laryngeal SCC lines (55%) had progesterone receptors. Only one cell line, UM‐SCC‐10B (derived from a recurrent carcinoma of the larynx) was found to express androgen receptors (AR). Expression of specific estrogen receptors was not dependent on the sex of the patients since lines from both males and females contained receptors. These results establish that squamous carcinoma cell lines may express specific steroid hormone receptors and that cell lines from cancers of the larynx (an organ known to be androgen‐responsive) are more likely to express estrogen receptors than androgen receptors. From this initial survey it appears that there is a striking difference in estrogen and progesterone receptor content between SCC cell lines originating from larynx cancers and cell lines established from squamous carcinomas of other head and neck regions. The presence of estrogen receptors in a high proportion of laryngeal carcinoma cell lines suggests that hormonal therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy in selected patients with cancer of the larynx.
Soft‐tissue sarcomas of adults; study of pathological prognostic variables and definition of a histopathological grading system
Authors: Trojani M. , Contesso G. , Coindre J. M. , Rouesse J. , Bui N. B. , De Mascarel A. , Goussot J. F. , David M. , Bonichon F. , Lagarde C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pathological features of 155 adult patients with soft‐tissue sarcomas were studied retrospectively, in an attempt to set up a grading system for these tumors. As the first step, seven histological criteria (tumor differentiation, cellularity, importance of nuclear atypia, presence of malignant giant cells, mitosis count, pattern of tumor necrosis and presence of vascular emboli) were evaluated in a monofactorial analysis. Five of these (tumor differentiation, cellularity, mitosis count, tumor necrosis, and vascular emboli) were correlated with the advent of metastases and with survival. A multivariate analysis, using a Cox model, selected a minimal set of three factors (tumor differentiation, mitosis count, and tumor necrosis) the combination of which was necessary and sufficient to retain all the prognostic information. A grading system was elaborated, which turned out to be correlated with the advent of metastasis and with patients' survival. A second multivariate analysis introducing clinical prognostic features showed that the histological grade was the most important prognostic factor for soft‐tissue sarcomas. Thus, this grading system appears to be highly interesting because of its prognostic value and the facility of its elaboration. However, its reproducibility should be tested.
Enhanced chemotaxis of tumor‐derived and virus‐transformed cells to fibronectin and fibroblast‐conditioned medium
Authors: Mensing Hartwig , Albini Adriana , Krieg Thomas , Pontz Bertram F. , Müller Peter K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSV40 transformants of human embryo fibroblasts showed an enhanced chemotactic response to fibronectin and conditioned medium of fibroblasts in comparison to the non‐transformed cells. An even higher chemotactic response was characteristic for a malignant human fibrosarcoma cell line, whereas cells derived from low‐grade malignant dermatofibrosarcoma showed a normal response in the Boyden chamber assay. The high stimulation of chemotaxis is paralleled by a reduced synthesis and an altered deposition of fibronectin in the pericellular matrix of these cells. Both high chemotactic response and lack of deposition of fibronectin may play a role in tissue invasion and formation of metastasis by malignant tumors.
Role of nk cells in the antimetastatic effect of anticoagulant drugs
Authors: Gorelik Eliezer , Bere William W. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antimetastatic effects of heparin (40 units) and prostacylin (PGI2, 100 μ)1 were investigated in normal mice and in mice with depressed or activated natural killer (NK) cell activity. Both anticoagulants inhibited the formation of lung metastases after inoculation of the F1 or F10 sublines of B16 melanoma. Inhibition of NK activity by treatment of mice with anti‐asialo GM1 serum abrogated the antimetastatic effects of PGI2 or heparin. Conversely, augmentation of NK‐cell activity by poly I:C plus treatment with anticoagulants produced synergistic antimetastatic effects. A similar pattern of results was obtained with heparin treatment of mice challenged with the Madison lung carcinoma (M109), but PGI2 alone or in combination with theophylline had little or no detectable antimetastatic effect on M109 or on the parental B16 melanoma. Studies of the mechanism of the interaction between heparin nd NK cells revealed that the anticoagulant treatment did not affect splenic NK activity in vitro However, heparin treatment caused a significant increase in the clearance of radiolabelled tumor cells from the lungs of normal mice. Combined treatment of mice with poly I:C and heparin synergistically accelerated the elimination of radiolabelled tumor cells. In contrast, heparin did not affect the clearance of tumor cells from the lungs of mice with depressed NK activity. Thus the antimetastatic effects of heparin and PGI2 are dependent on levels of NK activity in the host. Platelet aggregation and fibrin coating of the surface of tumor cells may be among the mechanisms by which hematogenously spread tumor cells are protected from destruction by NK cells. Anticoagulant drugs may exert antimetastatic effects by making tumor cells more vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of NK cells, rather than by blocking adherence of tumor cells to vascular endothelium.
Lysis of fld‐3 friend erythroleukemia cellsin vitroandin vivo: Effect of89sr treatment and friend virus infection
Authors: Lust John A. , Bennett Michael , Kumar Vinay 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effector cells from non‐immunized mice capable of lysing51Cr‐labelled FLD‐3 BALB/c Friend virus‐induced erythroleukemia cellsin vitroand cells capable of clearing FLD‐3 cells labelled with 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐125I (125IdUrd) from the lungsin vivowere characterized and compared with natural killer (NK) cells reactive against YAC‐1 lymphoma cells. Unlike NK cells, the cells capable of lysing FLD‐3 cellsin vitrowere insensitive to antibodies directed agains NK‐2.1 or Thy‐1.2 antigens (plus complement) and to pretreatment of micein vivowith silica particles,89Sr or estradiol. Heat‐killedC. parvumorganism stimulated anti‐FLD‐3 effector cells without changing the slow rate (24 h) of lysisin vitro. The ability to clear FLD‐3 and YAC‐1 cells from the lung was normal and defective, respectively, in C57BL/6‐bg/bg(beige) mice and in mice pretreated with89Sr or estradiol. We conclude that natural cytotoxic (NC) cells lyse FLD‐3 cells.Fv‐2, which regulates resistance to leukemia induction by Friend virus, does not regulate NC(FLD‐3) activity, and the virus does not affect NC(FLD‐3) activity during the first several days of infection of normal genetically susceptible mice. However, infection of89Sr‐treated mice inhibits NC(FLD‐3) function owing to the activation of suppressor cells. These data suggest (but do not prove) that effector cells similar or identical to NC(FLD‐3) cells may functionin vivoto resist the proliferation/survival of certain leukemia cells.
Retinoic acid restores shape‐dependent growth control in neoplastic cells cultured on poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐coated substrate
Authors: Lotan Reuben , Stolarsky Tamara , Lotan Dafna , Ben‐zeev Avri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of retinoic acid to modulate cell‐shape‐dependent growth of untransformed (human skin fibroblasts and mouse embryo Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts) and neoplastic cells (human cervical carcinoma HeLa‐S3, osteosarcoma Hs791, and murine melanomas B16‐F1, S91‐C2 and S91‐C154) was examined. The cells were plated on tissue culture dishes coated with increasing concentrations of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(HEMA) which cause a gradual decrease in substrate adhesiveness. Untreated cells as well as cells pretreated with 10 μM retinoic acid for 4 days displayed a similar graded series of cell shapes between flat and spherical on these modified substrata, with the exception of HeLa‐S3 cells which were rounded and loosely attached even on uncoated plastic dishes. A marked cell‐shape‐dependent decrease in DNA synthesis was observed in untransformed human skin fibroblasts, Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and neoplastic human Hs791 cells 20 h following plating of untreated cells on poly(HEMA)‐coated substrates of decreasing adhesiveness. Conversely, in B16‐F1, HeLa‐S3 and S91‐C154 cells DNA synthesis was only slightly affected by changes in cell shape. Pretreatment with retinoic acid rendered DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3, Hs791, B16‐F1 and S91‐C2 cells much more sensitive to changes in cell shape. In contrast, retinoic acid exerted only marginal effects on the sensitivity of DNA synthesis to changes in cell shape in untransformed human skin fibroblasts, in HeLa‐S3 cells and in the retinoic‐acid‐resistant S91‐C154 cells. The results suggest that retinoic acid can restore in certain tumor cells the tight coupling between cell shape and DNA synthesis that exists in untransformed cells.
Control of in vivo differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. iv. inhibition of leukemia development by myeloid differentiation‐inducing protein
Authors: Lotem Joseph , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is shown that a 5‐day schedule of two injections per day of the myeloid differentiation‐inducing protein MGI‐2 inhibited the in vivo development of leukemia in SL and SJL/J mice with different syngeneic MGI+D+ clones of myeloid leukemic cells. With this schedule of treatment high levels of MGI‐2 were maintained in the serum for long periods. In contrast to these results with MGI‐2, the same schedule of injections of the myeloid growth‐inducing protein MGI‐1 did not affect the in vivo development of leukemia in mice with MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells, but stimulated normal myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. Different forms of MGI‐1 including MGI‐1M and MGI‐1G had different serum half‐lives, and the form of MGI‐1 with the shortest serum half‐life showed the smallest in vivo effect on normal myelopoiesis. MGI‐2 injections did not inhibit the in vivo development of differentiation‐defective WEHI‐3B myelomonocytic leukemic cells or YAC lymphoma cells. The results indicate that the in vivo inhibitory effect of MGI‐2 on the development of myeloid leukemia correlated with its differentiation‐inducing potential on the leukemic cells. It is concluded that this approach of inhibiting leukemia development by inducing differentiation should also be applied to human leukemic patients, whose cells have been shown to be inducible for differentiation in culture by human MGI‐2 or by other differentiation‐inducing compounds.
A fetal glycolipid expressed on adenocarcinomas of the colon
Authors: Blaszczyk Magdalena , Ross Alonzo H. , Ernst Carolyn S. , Marchisio Marino , Atkinson Barbara F. , Pak Koon Yan , Steplewski Zenon , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReactivity of neuraminidase‐treated colorectal carcinoma cells with antibodies that detect the X‐carbohydrate structure was greater than the reactivity of untreated cells. The same results were obtained with glycolipid extracts of meconium, a colorectal carcinoma cell line, three freshly excised human adenocarcinomas, and normal bronchial mucosa. The glycolipid was either not expressed or expressed in smaller quantities on the corresponding normal colon tissue. Further study showed that the major sialo‐X glycolipid has six sugars including a single sialic acid which blocks X‐antigenicity. These glycolipids were further analyzed by ion‐exchange high‐pressure liquid chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography. These monosialo‐X glycolipid antigens might serve as potential tumor markers.
SV40 immortalization of adult human mesenchymal cells from neuroretina. Biological, functional and molecular characterization
Authors: Daya‐Grosjean L. , Azzarone B. , Maunoury R. , Zaech P. , Elia G. , Zaniratti S. , Benedetto A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman adult mesenchymal cells from neuroretina (human choroid cells, HC) have acquired an infinite lifespan, following phenotypic transformation with a wild‐type SV40. Immortalized cells (HC/SV40) contain high numbers of free circular viral DNA, and integrated molecules in a head‐to‐tail array in the cellular DNA. HC/SV40 cells express both the virus‐coded “T” antigens and the cell‐coded p53 transformation‐associated protein. The transformed phenotype was further characterized by loss of contact inhibition of cell division, inability to induce the retraction of a fibrin clot and to spread within fibrin and the existence of an altered distribution of acutin cables. For the first time we also describe a coupling of the immunofluorescence and the quantitative cytofluorometric analyses, a new transformation parameter, since we show that SV40 transformation causes reorganization of the cell membrane by inducing the unmasking of the antigen recognized by the 4F2 monoclonal antibody, which is present in a “cryptic” form in the untransformed cells. Though the HC/SV40 cells have been continuously passaged over a 3‐year period, they have not yet achieved a fully malignant phenotype, since they retain serum‐dependency and the presence of a well developed fibronectin pericellular network, and they are not tumorigenic in nude mice. Thus this human immortal cell line constitutes a very useful tool for studying the progression toward full malignancy and the relationships between evolution of transformation parameters and changes in the viral and cellular genome interplay.
Initial clinical evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay for CA 19‐9 using the nci serum bank
Authors: Ritts Roy E. , del Villano Bert C. , Go V. L. W. , Herberman Ronald B. , Klug Thomas L. , Zurawski Vincent R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMore than 1,600 coded sera obtained from blood donors and the NCI/Mayo Clinic Serum Bank were analyzed with an improved immunoradiometric assay for the carbohydrate antigenic determinant, CA 19‐9. Results indicated that CA 19‐9 is elevated in a large fraction of sera (67%) from patients with advanced adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including those with pancreatic, hepatobiliary and gastric carcinomas. Several of these sera had CA 19‐9 exceeding 300,000 U/ml. A smaller fraction (18%) of patients with carcinomas of the large bowel had elevated serum CA 19‐9 levels, the majority among patients with metastatic disease. In contrast, none of the healthy donors from the serum bank and only 4 of 1,023 of the blood donor specimens (0.4%) had CA 19‐9 levels greater than or equal to 40 U/ml. Three of 235 sera (1.3%) from benign disease patients had levels of CA 19‐9 in excess of 40 U/ml. These data suggest that the improved CA 19‐9 immunoradiometric assay may have clinical utility as a diagnostic adjunct for adenocarcinoma of the upper GI tract and that the assay also may have some value in monitoring patients with advancing colorectal carcinoma, particularly in combination with CEA determinations. Rigorous prospective clinical trials will be necessary to verify these hypotheses.
Detection of the granulocyte‐specific antigen 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyl‐lactosamine on leukemic cells after neuraminidase treatment
Authors: Tetteroo P. A. T. , Van Veer M. B. T , Tromp J. F. , von dem Borne A. E. G. Kr 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe carbohydrate antigen 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyl‐lactos‐amine (FAL) is expressed on human granulocytes and is detected by a monoclonal antibody B4.3. After neuraminidase treatment, this structure can also be detected on monocytes and on the cells of nearly all acute myeloid leukemia patients (38/39). It is then also present on the cells of a number of CALLA‐positive lymphatic leukemias (8/18), but not on T‐ALL and B‐ALL cells. On cells of patients with AUL, the antigen is then detected in many TdT+ cases, but not in TdT− cases.