bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning electron microscopic studies on surface microstructural features of some tissues of epizootic ulcerative syndrome‐affected Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822) from Southern Assam of India
Authors: Dey Sudip , Bhattacharyya S.P. , Chakraborty Rahul , Dutta A. , Kharbuli S.M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEpizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS)‐affected Puntius ticto exhibited a number of abnormalities in scale, gill, skin, and muscle at surface microstructural level. Lepidontal damage including breakage of individual lepidonts and complete loss of lepidontal assembly was evident in the scale. Disturbances in the gill included fusion of gill–lamella, distortion of lamellar surface, damage of primary and secondary gill lamella as well as breakage of gill racker. The skin of EUS‐affected Puntius ticto showed breakage of epidermal cell boundary, distortion, and loss of alignment of cells including lesions at places. Loss of alignment of muscles along with breakage and distortion of individual fibers was also evident. The similarities of these abnormalities in EUS‐affected Puntius ticto with those of pesticide and other pollutant toxicity reported in some fish is discussed with the help of relevant literature. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accurate shape from focus based on focus adjustment in optical microscopy
Authors: Shim Seong‐O , Malik Aamir Saeed , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOptical microscopy allows a magnified view of the sample while decreasing the depth of focus. Although the acquired images from limited depth of field have both blurred and focused regions, they can provide depth information. The technique to estimate the depth and 3D shape of an object from the images of the same sample obtained at different focus settings is called shape from focus (SFF). In SFF, the measure of focus–sharpness–is the crucial part for final 3D shape estimation. The conventional methods compute sharpness by applying focus measure operator on each 2D image frame of the image sequence. However, such methods do not reflect the accurate focus levels in an image because the focus levels for curved objects require information from neighboring pixels in the adjacent frames too. To address this issue, we propose a new method based on focus adjustment which takes the values of the neighboring pixels from the adjacent image frames that have approximately the same initial depth as of the center pixel and then it re‐adjusts the center value accordingly. Experiments were conducted on synthetic and microscopic objects, and the results show that the proposed technique generates better shape and takes less computation time in comparison with previous SFF methods based on focused image surface (FIS) and dynamic programming. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An assessment of present and future climate in the Mackenzie Delta and the near‐shore Beaufort Sea region of Canada
Authors: Bonsal Barrie R. , Kochtubajda Bohdan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractClimate change is projected to significantly alter physical, biological, and socio‐economic systems, particularly in high latitudes. The Mackenzie Delta and near‐shore Beaufort Sea region of Canada is one such area that has already experienced considerable changes in climate and associated impacts. It has also been identified as highly sensitive due to recent oil and gas exploration and extraction. All Global Climate Models (GCMs) are projecting further changes to the Arctic climate, however, regional‐scale variations are not well documented. Using seven international GCMs, this study quantifies 18 future (2010–2039) temperature and precipitation projections over the Beaufort region on annual and seasonal scales. Several observed gridded temperature and precipitation datasets are also compared.Observed climate comparisons reveal substantial variability, especially for precipitation. All future projections demonstrate temperature and for the most part, precipitation increases, however, there is a considerable range on both temporal and spatial scales. For temperature, autumn has the greatest change (+1.4 to + 3.3 °C), followed by winter (+1.2 to + 2.6 °C), spring (+0.8 to + 2.4 °C), and summer (+0.2 to + 1.6 °C). Spatially, the ocean warms more than the land during the cold season, and the eastern Beaufort is warmer than the western region. Future precipitation shows annual increases averaging between 4.8 and 10.7%. Unlike temperature, seasonal precipitation changes do not vary greatly although slight decreases are projected in some scenarios. Recent (1991–2005) temperature changes at Inuvik, Northwest Territories, indicate that Beaufort‐region warming is occurring faster than projected by the majority of GCMs. However, precipitation has not experienced these rapid changes. In terms of extremes, climate‐change projections revealed a substantial shift in the temperature distribution toward fewer very cold months and several more warm months. Extremely high monthly precipitation amounts are also projected to increase. This study can be considered an important step towards addressing future climate‐change impact assessments in Arctic regions. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcinoma of the colon: Margins of resection
Authors: Sternberg Ahud 
Published: December 2008

AbstractResection of colonic carcinoma with curative intent must encompass: (1) margins of bowel wall that are wider than the extent of microscopic intramural tumor spread beyond the macroscopic edge of the tumor; (2) lymphatic tissue draining the tumor and possibly containing cancer cells; (3) structures adhering to the tumor and possibly infiltrated by tumor cells. The minimal extent of resection that satisfies these requirements and possible benefits of extending the resection are reviewed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:603–606. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reevaluation of the rate constant for the reaction propene + NO3 by absolute rate determination
Authors: Picquet‐Varrault B. , Scarfogliero M. , Helal W. Ait , Doussin J‐F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA rate constant for the reaction of NO3 with propene has been determined by an absolute rate technique at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Experiments were performed in a Pyrex photoreactor coupled to two multiple reflection optical systems interfaced to a FTIR spectrometer and a UV–visible grating spectrometer. These two spectrometric devices allowed us a time‐resolved monitoring of propene and NO3 radicals. We propose the following rate constant: k = (6.4 ± l.l) × l0−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. This value is in good agreement with three published values but is about 30% lower than three other determinations and than the value recommended by frequently used bibliographic evaluations. As propene has been widely used as a reference compound in many other kinetic studies, implications of this reevaluation are briefly discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 73–81, 2009
Antagonism in (conventional anionic–gemini anionic) mixed micelle catalyzed oxidation of D‐fructose by alkaline chloramine‐T: A kinetic study
Authors: Kambo Neelu , Upadhyay Santosh K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe catalytic effect of individual conventional anionic surfactant, namely, sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS), anionic gemini surfactant, namely, sodium salt of bis(1‐dodecenyl succinamic acid) (NaBDS), and mixed surfactant (NaLS + NaBDS) on the rate of oxidation of D‐fructose by alkaline chloramine‐T has been investigated. The reaction always showed a first‐order dependence of rate with respect to each fructose, alkali, and chloramine‐T. The rate was proportional to (k′+k″ [surfactant]), where k′ and k″ are the rate constants in the absence and presence of the surfactant, respectively. The binding parameters have been evaluated. The observed catalytic effect of mixed micelle on the rate of oxidation was always less than the algebraic sum of the catalytic effect of two surfactants when they were taken separately, suggesting an antagonism (negative synergism) in mixed micelle. The antagonism has also been confirmed by determining critical micelle concentration and interaction parameter (βm) of mixed micelle under the experimental conditions of kinetics, that is, in alkaline medium. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 123–132, 2009
Trajectories of fatigue in family caregivers of patients undergoing radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Fletcher Barbara A. Swore , Schumacher Karen L. , Dodd Marylin , Paul Steven M. , Cooper Bruce A. , Lee Kathryn , West Claudia , Aouizerat Bradley E. , Swift Patrick S. , Wara William , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPredictors of and trajectories for evening and morning fatigue were evaluated in family caregivers of oncology patients using hierarchical linear modeling. Evening fatigue trajectory fit a quadratic model. Predictors included baseline sleep disturbances in family caregivers and baseline evening fatigue in patients. Morning fatigue trajectory fit a linear model. Predictors were baseline trait anxiety, levels of perceived family support, and baseline morning fatigue in patients. Findings suggest considerable inter‐individual variability in the trajectories of evening and morning fatigue. Evaluating family caregivers for sleep disturbance, anxiety, and poor family support, as well as high levels of patient fatigue, could identify those family caregivers at highest risk for sustained fatigue trajectories. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:125–139, 2009
How international nonprofits build brand equity
Authors: Laidler‐Kylander Nathalie , Simonin Bernard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper describes an empirical model of brand equity for international nonprofit organizations and offers nonprofit managers suggestions for the management of their brands. The main areas of interest include:
A review of the importance of branding for nonprofits, the lack of a brand equity models specifically for nonprofits, and the key differences between for‐profits and nonprofits.
A proposed nonprofit brand equity model, based on a grounded theory and system dynamics approach.
A series of specific managerial recommendations, for building nonprofit brand equity.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The long‐term effects of housing assistance on work and welfare
Authors: Newman Sandra , Holupka C. Scott , Harkness Joseph 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the long‐term effect of project‐based housing assistance—public housing and private assisted housing—on work, earnings, and welfare receipt. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics–Assisted Housing Database to identify women ever living in project‐based assisted housing and to create comparison groups using propensity scores. Analyses show no evidence that moving into this type of assisted housing is associated with sustained reductions in employment rates, work hours, or earnings. Although welfare rates decline, they remain higher for assisted housing recipients compared with nonrecipients. Overall, these findings align with those of recent experimental and nonexperimental studies that include other forms of housing assistance and cover different time periods. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Inequities in enforcement? Environmental justice and government performance
Authors: Konisky David M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper examines whether state governments perform systematically less environmental enforcement of facilities in communities with higher minority and low‐income populations. Although this is an important claim made by environmental justice advocates, it has received little attention in the scholarly literature. Specifically, I analyze state regulatory enforcement of three U.S. pollution control laws—the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act—over the period 1985–2000. To test for disparities in enforcement, I estimate a series of count models and find strong evidence across each of the three environmental laws that states perform less enforcement in poor counties, but little evidence of race‐based inequities. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Institutional factors affecting biophysical outcomes in forest management
Authors: Coleman Eric A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough there is considerable interest in the impact of diverse policies affecting the biophysical outcomes in forests, gaining a substantial sample over time of forests under different institutional arrangements has been difficult. This article analyzes data from 46 forests located in six countries over time. In forests where policies have been adopted for conservation, active monitoring and sanctioning by locals is associated with positive forest conditions. Forests that allow user group harvesting, perhaps counterintuitively, are also shown to be associated with positive forest conditions. However, conditions in community‐managed forests are not statistically different from government‐ or privately managed forests. This implies that local communities can play an important role in achieving positive forest conditions but that full management responsibilities need not be given to achieve these results. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Numerical study of transient natural convection in a cavity with multiple adiabatic blocks
Authors: Dalal Durga Charan , Pandit Swapan Kumar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study deals with the solution of a problem of unsteady natural convection in a thermally driven square enclosure with four adiabatic square blocks placed inside. The governing equations are solved numerically using higher order compact schemes. Results are in good agreement with the established results for some special cases. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An immersed interface method for the Navier‐Stokes equations on irregular domains
Authors: Li Zhilin , Lai Ming‐Chih , Ito Kazufumi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn augmented method based on a Cartesian grid is proposed for the incompressible Navier Stokes equations on an irregular domain. The irregular domain is embedded into a rectangular one so that a fast Poisson solver can be used in the projection method. Unlike several methods suggested in the literature that set the force strengths as unknowns, which often results an ill‐conditioned linear system, we set the jump in the normal derivative of the velocity as the augmented variable. The new approach improve the condition number of the system for the augmented variable significantly. Using the immersed interface method, we achieve second order accuracy for the velocity. Numerical results and comparisons are given to validate the new method. Some interesting new numerical experiments results are also presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Discrete mechanics and control on Lie groupoids
Authors: Martínez Eduardo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe first order optimality conditions for discrete‐time optimal control problems defined on Lie groupoids are found, and they are expressed in terms of composability in a groupoid. Some examples are shown. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inversion of the X‐ray transform from limited angle parallel beam region of interest data with applications to electron tomography
Authors: Öktem Ozan , Quinto Eric Todd 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present a new local tomographic algorithm applicable to electron microscopy tomography. Our algorithm applies to the standard data acquisition method, single‐axis tilting, as well as for more arbitrary acquisition methods. Using microlocal analysis we put the reconstructions in a mathematical context, explaining which singularities are stably visible from the limited data given by the data collection protocol in the electron microscope. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Versions of inexact Kleinman‐Newton methods for Riccati equations
Authors: Hylla Timo , Sachs E. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOptimal control problems involving PDEs often lead in practice to the numerical computation of feedback laws for an optimal control. This is achieved through the solution of a Riccati equation which can be large scale, since the discretized problems are large scale and require special attention in their numerical solution. The Kleinman‐Newton method is a classical way to solve an algebraic Riccati equation. We look at two versions of an extension of this method to an inexact Newton method. It can be shown that these two implementable versions of Newton's method are identical in the exact case, but differ substantially for the inexact Newton method. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New development of parallel robots and microrobots with three, four and five degrees of freedom
Authors: Plitea N. , Vidrean A. , Pisla D. , Pisla A. , Vaida C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAll over the world it can be noticed that product miniaturisation is a central theme in product development for different application areas. In robotics scientific research, one of the most important approaches is concerning the increase of the positioning accuracy by the use of parallel structures [3], [4], [5]. In this paper some variants of parallel robots and micro‐robots with three, four and five degrees of freedom are presented, which are used for manipulation within high precision assembling processes. The corresponding kinematic models have been developed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A fully variational strong discontinuity approach at finite strains
Authors: Radulovic Radan , Mosler Jörn 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel, fully variational three‐dimensional finite element formulation for the modeling of locally embedded strong discontinuities at finite strains is presented. The proposed numerical model is based on the Enhanced Assumed Strain concept with an additive decomposition of the displacement gradient into a conforming and an enhanced part. The discontinuous component of the displacement field which is associated with the failure in the modeled structure is isolated in the enhanced part of the deformation gradient. In contrast to previous works, a variational constitutive update is used. The internal variables are determined by minimizing a pseudo‐elastic potential. The advantages of such a formulation are well known, e.g. the tangent stiffness matrix is symmetric, standard optimization algorithms can be applied and it represents a natural basis for error estimation and mesh adaption. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling the cerebral blood flow using a linear system approach
Authors: Reichold Johannes , Weber Bruno , Buck Alfred , Jenny Patrick 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF) can be defined as the rate of delivery of arterial (nutritive) blood to the capillary beds of a particular mass of brain tissue. CBF assumes a fundamental role in homeostasis and neural activity as it regulates the supply of glucose and oxygen. A linear systems approach is employed to model CBF in a realistic vascular network. High‐resolution 3D data of the cerebral angioarchitecture in animal models acquired by Weber et al. [1] are utilized to create an analogous unstructured computational grid. Pressure boundary conditions are set at the large arteries and veins. Vessel properties such as diameter and curvature are represented by a corresponding transmissibility value. Vasodilation during neural activity or partial occlusion in cerebrovascular impairment are examples of localized changes in vessel attributes. It is investigated how these local alterations affect the global CBF. Among others, insights gained from the simulations are valuable for the correct interpretation of data acquired by magnetic resonance imaging modalities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Edgeworthian economies
Authors: Finkenstädt Barbel , Pinto Alberto A. , Ferreira Miguel , Oliveira Bruno M.P.M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present a model of an Edgeworthian exchange economy where two goods are traded in a random meeting market place. The novelty of our model is that we associate a greediness factor to each participant which brings up a game alike the prisoner's dilemma into the usual Edgeworthian exchange economy. Along the time, random pairs of participants are chosen, and they trade or not according to their greediness. Furthermore, we let the greediness of the participants evolve along the trades according to one of the following rules: (a) the greediness of the participants decreases if they were able to trade and increases otherwise; (b) the greediness of the participants increases if they were able to trade and decreases otherwise. We observe that for rule (a) the greediness of each participant converges to one of two possible values, and that for rule (b) the greediness of all participants converges to a single value. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Euler solver for the acoustic far‐field prediction of compressible jet flow
Authors: Keiderling Felix , Obrist Dominik , Müller Sebastian B. , Kleiser Leonhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report on a highly accurate Euler solver for predicting far‐field jet noise. The solver is based on a framework for Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) / Large‐Eddy Simulation (LES) that provides the time‐dependent, noise‐generating flow field and the acoustic near‐field. The corresponding far‐field is then computed by solving the inviscid Euler equations in a conservative formulation which is discretized with compact finite differences. Numerical stability can be guaranteed by a spectrally selective filtering procedure developed in the context of subgrid‐scale modeling which is active only in the high wavenumber regime. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Propagation of localized bending deformations in microtubules
Authors: Tuszyński J. A. , Portet S. , Dixon J. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA continuum medium model is proposed describing a microtubule (MT) as an elastic rod. When the MT is subjected to a constant bending force, the dynamics of the angular deviation, with respect to the MT's rectilinear configuration, is governed by a Sine‐Gordon equation. Particular analytical solutions are kink and anti‐kink bending modes which may propagate at various speeds along the MT's length. Kinetic energies of these modes compare with thermal and ATP hydrolysis energies. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence of solutions for motion equations for an objective model of viscoelastic medium
Authors: Zvyagin Victor , Vorotnikov Dmitry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe consider the Dirichlet initial‐boundary value problem for the equations of motion of incompressible viscoelastic medium with objective rheological constitutive laws of Maxwell and Jeffreys kind. Several types of existence results are presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the effect of Kirkendall voids on solder joint reliability
Authors: Müller Wolfgang H. , Weinberg Kerstin , Böhme Thomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA model for the theoretical description of Kirkendall voiding is presented based on vacancy diffusion and plastic deformation of spherical voids. We start with a phenomenological explanation of the Kirkendall phenomenon and discuss its consequences on microelectronic reliability. After that a constitutive model for void growth is introduced, which, for instances, can be used in order to predict the temporal development of a certain void distribution. We end this paper with exemplary numerical studies. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)