bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Deep Gray Matter in Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age Using Manual Volumetry of 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Srinivasan Latha , Dutta Robin , Counsell Serena J. , Allsop Joanna M. , Boardman James P. , Rutherford Mary A. , Edwards A. David 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE. Nonhypothesis-based MRI-analysis techniques including deformation-based morphometry and automated tissue segmentation have suggested that preterm infants at term-equivalent age have reduced tissue volume in the basal ganglia and thalami, which is most apparent among infants with supratentorial lesions. The aim of our study was to test this hypothesis by direct measurement of thalamic and lentiform nuclei volumes in preterm infants at term-equivalent age and term-born controls using manual volumetry.
DESIGN/METHODS. Forty preterm infants at term-equivalent age (median gestational age: 29.5 weeks; median birth weight: 1.3 kg) and 8 term-born controls were examined using a 3-T Philips (Best, Netherlands) system. T1-weighted volume images and T2-weighted fast-spin echo pseudovolumes were acquired. There was no significant difference in postmenstrual age at image acquisition between the 2 groups. ImageJ 1.34 (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) was used for manual segmentations.
RESULTS. The median thalamic and lentiform nuclei volumes for preterm infants at term-equivalent age were 13.6 and 3.07 cm3, respectively, significantly smaller than term-control volumes of 16.3 and 5.6 cm3, respectively. Ten preterm infants at term-equivalent age had supratentorial lesions (intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, or hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction), and the median thalamic and lentiform volumes for this group were 10.4 and 1.7 cm3, respectively. When this group was excluded, the remaining infants who had mild or moderate diffuse excessive high signal intensity in the white matter on T2-weighted images had a smaller, yet significant, volume reduction compared with controls. Tissue volumes were not related to weight and gestational age at birth.
CONCLUSIONS. Manual volumetry confirms that preterm infants at term-equivalent age have reduced thalamic and lentiform volumes compared with controls. This was most marked among infants with supratentorial lesions but was also seen among those with nonfocal white matter abnormalities.
Do All Infants With Apparent Life-Threatening Events Need to Be Admitted?
Authors: Claudius Ilene , Keens Thomas 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to identify criteria that would allow low-risk infants presenting with an apparent life-threatening event to be discharged safely from the emergency department.METHODS. We completed data forms prospectively on all previously healthy patients &lt;12 months of age presenting to the emergency department of an urban tertiary care children's hospital with an apparent life-threatening event over a 3-year period. These patients were then observed for subsequent events, significant interventions, or final diagnoses that would have mandated their admission (eg, sepsis).RESULTS. In our population of 59 infants, all 8 children who met the aforementioned outcome measures, thus requiring admission, either had experienced multiple apparent life-threatening events before presentation or were in their first month of life. In our study group, the high-risk criteria of age of &lt;1 month and multiple apparent life-threatening events yielded a negative predictive value of 100% to identify the need for hospital admission.CONCLUSIONS. Our study suggests that &gt;30-day-old infants who have experienced a single apparent life-threatening event may be discharged safely from the hospital, which would decrease admissions by 38%.
Incidence, Complications, and Risk Factors for Prolonged Stay in Children Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Influenza
Authors: Coffin Susan E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Rosenquist Anna B. Wheeler , Heydon Kateri , Herrera Guillermo , Bridges Carolyn B. , Watson Barbara , Localio Russell , Hodinka Richard L. , Keren Ron 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVES. Few studies have examined the characteristics and clinical course of children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza. We sought to (1) estimate the age-specific incidence of influenza-related hospitalizations, (2) describe the characteristics and clinical course of children hospitalized with influenza, and (3) identify risk factors for prolonged hospitalization.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Children ≤21 years of age hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza at a large urban children's hospital were identified through review of laboratory records and administrative data sources. A neighborhood cohort embedded within our study population was used to estimate the incidence of community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among children &lt;18 years old. Risk factors for prolonged hospitalization (&gt;6 days) were determined by using logistic regression.
RESULTS. We identified 745 children hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 4-year study period. In this urban cohort, the incidence of community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization was 7 per 10000 child-years of observation. The median age was 1.8 years; 25% were infants &lt;6 months old, and 77% were children &lt;5 years old. Many children (49%) had a medical condition associated with an increased risk of influenza-related complications. The incidence of influenza-related complications was higher among children with a preexisting high-risk condition than for previously healthy children (29% vs 21%). However, only cardiac and neurologic/neuromuscular diseases were found to be independent risk factors for prolonged hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS. Influenza is a common cause of hospitalization among both healthy and chronically ill children. Children with cardiac or neurologic/neuromuscular disease are at increased risk of prolonged hospitalization; therefore, children with these conditions and their contacts should be a high priority to receive vaccine. The impact on pediatric hospitalization of the new recommendation to vaccinate all children 6 months to &lt;5 years old should be assessed.
Occurrence of Periodontopathic and Superinfecting Bacteria in Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Subjects in a Colombian Population
Authors: Botero Javier Enrique , Contreras Adolfo , Lafaurie Gloria , Jaramillo Adriana , Betancourt Marisol , Arce Roger Mauricio 
Published: April 2007

Background: Differences in the composition of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis have been observed in different geographic locations. Some of these microbial differences could have clinical significance. This study describes clinical parameters and the composition of the subgingival microbiota in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients in a Colombian population.Methods: Clinical parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index) and plaque samples from 68 CP, 12 AgP, and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were analyzed. Subgingival samples were processed using culture, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of periodontal and superinfecting pathogens. The analysis of variance, χ2, and Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used to evaluate differences between groups for clinical parameters and microbiologic composition (P ≤0.05).Results: Clinical parameters were significantly increased in CP and AgP patients compared to healthy subjects (P <0.001), but no differences were found between periodontitis groups. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Eikenella corrodens showed higher frequencies in AgP compared to CP and healthy subjects (P <0.05). Extension (localized and generalized) of the periodontal destruction had no effect on the composition of the subgingival microbiota. Gram‐negative enteric rods were more frequent in AgP patients (P <0.01).Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and E. corrodens in AgP patients. Gram‐negative enteric rods were frequent in AgP and CP patients. Differences in the composition of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients need to be taken into account when considering the best therapeutic approach for each individual, including the use of antibiotics.
Clinical Crown Length of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth Preorthodontics and Postorthodontics
Authors: Konikoff Bryan M. , Johnson David C. , Schenkein Harvey A. , Kwatra Naveen , Waldrop Thomas C. 
Published: April 2007

Background: Prevalence information on excessive gingival display in postorthodontic patients is limited. By studying the size relationship of the clinical crowns of teeth, in an orthodontic population, we can begin to quantify their need for periodontal plastic surgery.Methods: Preorthodontic and postorthodontic crown dimensions were measured on 200 plaster models, and after 5 years, 31 of the subjects were recalled to repeat the measurements in a clinical examination. The measurements included clinical crown lengths and widths of the six anterior teeth, and these values were compared to known ideals.Results: This study revealed a significant increase in the length of the maxillary anterior crowns over the three examinations, yet these values were still ∼1.5 mm shorter than ideal. The mean crown width‐to‐length ratio was 87% to 88% for maxillary central incisors, clearly above the accepted “ideal.” In addition, 61% to 71% of maxillary central incisors exceeded allowable crown width‐to‐length ratios, and 61% of subjects displayed asymmetry in gingival architecture.Conclusions: Although this study only examined one aspect of excessive gingival display, to our knowledge it is the first study to show that in a predominantly young, postorthodontic population, the prevalence of non‐ideal width‐to‐length ratios is >65% and the presence of asymmetry is >60%. Therefore, close interaction between the periodontist and the orthodontist is necessary to diagnose these conditions to provide patients with all options for improving their smile.
Effects of Platelet Concentrate on Palatal Wound Healing After Connective Tissue Graft Harvesting
Authors: Yen C. Alec , Griffin Terrence J. , Cheung Wai S. , Chen Jake 
Published: April 2007

Background: Platelet concentrate (PC) is known to contain growth factors that stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study, the objective was to determine whether PC accelerated connective tissue graft (CTG) wound healing and maintained donor site tissue thickness.Methods: Twenty healthy adult subjects with multiple bilateral gingival recessions were treated with CTGs and PC combined with CTGs. The donor sites were treated with PC and placebo. Clinical wound healing was observed for an average of 6 weeks. Biopsies were taken from donor sites and submitted for histology and immunohistochemical analysis for type I and III collagens. Palatal tissue thickness, post‐surgical complications, and pain level were evaluated. Wilcoxon, Cronbach, one‐sample t, and paired‐sample t tests were used to assess statistical significance at P <0.05.Results: PC‐treated palatal donor sites were 1.10 mm thicker than control sites. PC‐treated recipient sites showed accelerated clinical healing compared to controls. PC did not accelerate donor site clinical healing. No significant statistical differences in complication occurrence and perceived pain levels were found between control and PC‐treated sites. Biopsy samples revealed that during healing, PC‐treated sites contained lower concentrations of inflammatory cells, more type I mature collagen, and less type III immature collagen than control sites.Conclusions: PC may accelerate wound healing and hasten the regeneration of palatal donor tissue. PC did not influence complication occurrences or mediate pain level. PC has the potential to shorten the treatment time for patients who need multiple CTG procedures.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma: Growth Factors and Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties
Authors: El‐Sharkawy Hesham , Kantarci Alpdogan , Deady Jennifer , Hasturk Hatice , Liu Hongsheng , Alshahat Mohammad , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: April 2007

Background: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) promotes regeneration of bone, presumably through the action of concentrated growth factors. However, it is not clear how PRP affects the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth factors in PRP and to study the effects of PRP on monocyte cytokine release and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) generation.Methods: PRP was prepared from healthy donors. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐AB, PDGF‐BB, transforming growth factor‐β1, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, fibroblast growth factor‐basic (FGF‐b), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin‐12 (p40/70), and regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and bead‐based multiplexing. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and cultured with or without PRP. Cytokine, chemokine, and LXA4 levels as well as monocyte chemotactic migration were analyzed.Results: Growth factors were increased significantly in PRP compared to whole blood (WB) and platelet‐poor plasma. Monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) was suppressed significantly by PRP, whereas RANTES was increased significantly in monocyte cultures. LXA4 levels were significantly higher in PRP compared to WB. PRP stimulated monocyte chemotaxis in a dose‐dependent fashion, whereas RANTES, in part, was responsible for PRP‐mediated monocyte migration.Conclusions: PRP is a rich source of growth factors and promoted significant changes in monocyte‐mediated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine release. LXA4 was increased in PRP, suggesting that PRP may suppress cytokine release, limit inflammation, and, thereby, promote tissue regeneration.
Impact of the Distinct Sampling Area on Volumetric Features of Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Hatipoğlu Hasan , Yamalik Nermin , Berberoğlu Atilla , Eratalay Kenan 
Published: April 2007

Background: Volumetric features of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are under the influence of many factors, including sampling variables. Standardizing such factors may enable a more precise methodology. Thus, analysis of the possible impact of the clinical periodontal status and the distinct location of sampling sites on fluid volume was performed.Methods: Clinical parameters were recorded, and fluid samples were obtained from 931 maxillary sites. The potential site‐specific volumetric differences among healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites; between multirooted or single‐rooted teeth and mesio‐buccal or disto‐buccal sampling sites; and the correlations between volume and clinical measures were statistically analyzed.Results: Although volume increased in a disease‐related pattern (healthy < gingivitis < periodontitis; P <0.05), the distribution range of volume was widespread, with prominent overlaps between the different clinical periodontal conditions. Multirooted teeth presented more fluid volume, and even mesio‐buccal or disto‐buccal sites exhibited some volumetric differences (P <0.05). Constant correlations between volume and clinical parameters could be observed only at gingivitis sites (P <0.05).Conclusions: The spectrum of fluid volume is disease related in general. However, the wide range of volumetric distribution, the site‐specific nature, and the clear impact of the distinct sampling site on volume are important volumetric features of this biologic fluid. Whenever possible, standardization of the extent of probing depth, degree of gingival inflammation, and distinct sampling area is likely to improve the reliability of GCF methodology.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Accelerates Resorption of a Calcium Carbonate Biomaterial in Periodontal Defects
Authors: Koo Ki‐Tae , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: April 2007

Background: In a previous study, recombinant human transforming growth factor‐beta1 (rhTGF‐β1) in a calcium carbonate carrier was implanted into critical‐size, supraalveolar periodontal defects under conditions for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to study whether rhTGF‐β1 would enhance or accelerate periodontal regeneration. The results showed minimal benefits of rhTGF‐β1, and a clear account for this could not be offered. One potential cause may be that the rhTGF‐β1 formulation was biologically inactive. Several growth or differentiation factors have been suggested to accelerate degradation of biomaterials used as carriers. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible activity of rhTGF‐β1 on biodegradation of the calcium carbonate carrier.Methods: rhTGF‐β1 in a putty‐formulated particulate calcium carbonate carrier was implanted into critical‐size, supraalveolar periodontal defects under conditions for GTR in five beagle dogs. Contralateral defects received the calcium carbonate carrier combined with GTR without rhTGF‐β1 (control). The animals were euthanized at week 4 post‐surgery and block biopsies of the defect sites were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Radiographs were obtained at defect creation and weeks 2 and 4 after defect creation.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in new bone formation (bone height and area) among the treatments. However, total residual carrier was significantly reduced in sites receiving rhTGF‐β1 compared to control (P = 0.04). Similarly, carrier density was considerably reduced in sites receiving rhTGF‐β1 compared to control; the difference was borderline statistically significant (P = 0.06).Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it may be concluded that rhTGF‐β1 accelerates biodegradation of a particulate calcium carbonate biomaterial, indicating a biologic activity of the rhTGF‐β1 formulation apparently not encompassing enhanced or accelerated periodontal regeneration.
Coronally Positioned Flap for Treatment of Restored Root Surfaces: A 6‐Month Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Lucchesi Juliana Antico , Santos Vanessa Renata , Amaral Cristiane Mariote , Peruzzo Daiane Cristina , Duarte Poliana Mendes 
Published: April 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the treatment of gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) by resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) or microfilled resin composite (MRC) and coronally positioned flap (CPF) at 6 months following surgery.Methods: Fifty‐nine patients were assigned to one of three treatments: root exposure without NCCL treated with CPF (group 1); root exposure with NCCL treated with RMGI restoration plus CPF (group 2); or root exposure with NCCL treated with MRC restoration plus CPF (group 3). Clinical measurements that were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after surgery included plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP); probing depth (PD), recession reduction (RR), clinical attachment level gain (CALG), keratinized tissue height (KTH), keratinized tissue thickness (KTT), percentage of root coverage (RC), and percentage of restored root coverage (RRC).Results: Intra‐ and intergroup analyses demonstrated no significant differences in PI, BOP, PD, RR, CALG, KTH, or KTT (P >0.05) among the groups at any time. At 6 months, the mean RC was 80.83% ± 21.08% for group 1; the mean RRCs were 71.99% ± 18.69% and 74.18% ± 15.02% for groups 2 and 3, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in RRC between groups 2 and 3.Conclusion: All treatments showed root coverage improvement without damage to periodontal tissues, supporting the use of CPF for treatment of root surfaces restored with RMGI or MRC as being effective over the 6‐month period.
Epidemiology of Osteoporosis
Authors: Cvijetić Selma , Grazio Simeon , Kaštelan Darko , Koršić Mirko 
Published: April 2007

Epidemiologija OsteoporozeU većini zemalja u svijetu, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj ne postoji jedinstveni sustav registriranja oboljelih od osteoporoze, kao ni osoba s osteoporotskim prijelomima. Podatci iz epidemioloških istraživanja pokazuju da je učestalost osteoporoze veća u azijskim zemljama u odnosu na europsko i sjevernoameričko stanovništvo bijele rase, u kojih prevalencija iznosi 10% do 15%. U Hrvatskoj je učestalost slična onoj u drugim europskim zemljama, dok je incidencija osteoporotskih prijeloma nešto veća od europskog prosjeka. Također je broj prijavljenih slučajeva osteoporoze i osteomalacije od primarne zdravstvene zaštite zadnjih 10 godina u stalnom porastu i u 2004. godini je iznosio 0,70% u odnosu na ukupan broj prijavljenih bolesti. Najvažniji rizični čimbenici bolesti su dob, naslijeđe, životne navike, postojanje kroničnih bolesti i hormonskih poremećaja te individualna fizikalna obilježja kosti. Kao u većine kroničnih bolesti, mjerama prevencije može se pravodobno spriječiti nastanak bolesti i njezinih komplikacija.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Čurković Božidar 
Published: April 2007

Osteoporoza Uzrokovana GlukokortikoidimaGlukokortikoidi su lijekovi koji najčešće uzrokuju osteoporozu, a učinci tih lijekova pobuđuju sve veću pozornost zbog njihove raširene primjene u autoimunim, plućnim, gastrointestinalnim bolestima ili nakon transplantacije organa. Glukokortikoidna osteoporoza nastaje brzo, unutar nekoliko prvih mjeseci primjene glukokortikoida, više zahvaća spužvastu nego kortikalnu kost i brzo povećava rizik nastanka prijeloma, poglavito kralježaka i kuka. Učinci glukokortikoida na skelet ovisni su i o dozi i o trajanju terapije. Mehanizmi kojima glukokortikoidi dovode do osteoporoze su mnogobrojni i nisu još potpuno jasni. Usprkos postojanju više preporuka za otkrivanje i liječenje glukokortikoidne osteoporoze i lijekova koji mogu smanjiti rizik prijeloma kralježnice, još uvijek se razmjerno mali postotak bolesnika zadovoljavajuće dijagnosticira i liječi.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Silicotungstate Multilayer Films Modified on Glassy Carbon Electrode and Their Electrochemical Behaviors
Authors: Du Jinyan , Lv Guiqin , Hu Changwen , Wu Huaqiang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new electrode was modified by multilayer films composed of heteropolyanion (SiW12) and cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) through electrochemical growth. The modified electrode electrochemical behavior, the effect of solution pH and electrocatalytic response to the reduction of BrO3‐ and NO2‐ have been investigated. The result shows that the electrochemical process of multilayer films modified electrode including SiW12 is a reversible process by electrochemical step. One‐electron process has no proton participation in the first step, and one‐electron process is accompanied by one proton participation in the second step and two‐electron process is accompanied by two protons participation in the third step. The films grow uniformly, and the peak currents increase with increasing layer numbers. The peak currents increase with scan rate, and the reduced potentials of multilayer films shift negatively with increasing pH. The electrochemical mechanism of multilayer films was suggested.
Dynamic Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Catechins and Caffeine in Some Tea Samples
Authors: Gu Xungang , Cai Jibao , Zhang Zhengzhu , Su Qingde 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel dynamic ultrasound‐assisted extraction (DUAE) device has been constructed for extraction of five catechins and caffeine in solid sample. The accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the determination of five catechins and caffeine has been developed and validated. A comparison has been made of the efficiencies by employing DUAE and conventionally static ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE). The proposed method can not only improve extraction efficiency but also decrease time and solvent consumption. The commercial Chinese tea samples, involving green and black teas, are rapidly analyzed by the proposed DUAE method. The linearity, range, selectivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness also showed acceptable values.