bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of (−)-12,13-epi-Obtusenyne
Authors: Suzuki Toshio , Yoshino Nobuyuki , Uemura Toshiyuki , Hagiwara Hisahiro , Hoshi Takashi 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-12,13-epi-obtusenyne is described. The oxonene skeleton possessing cis-orientated alkyl substituents at the α,α′-positions to ether linkage was stereoselectively constructed via cyclization of the corresponding hydroxy epoxide promoted by Eu(fod)3.
Isomerism Effect on Flexibility of Layered Frameworks in Organic Salts of 4,4′-Biphenyldisulfonic Acid with Primary Amines
Authors: Mizobe Yuji , Miyata Mikiji , Hisaki Ichiro , Tohnai Norimitsu 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Organic salt of 4,4′-biphenyldisulfonic acid with isopropylamine yields a flexible layered framework with guest-responsive channels, while the salt with n-propylamine does a rigid one with fixed channels. The flexibilities of the framework are modulated by an isomerism effect of alkyl groups on the basis of different directions of methyl groups.
Dinuclear Palladium Complex with a Bridging Dialkylsilylene Ligand
Authors: Watanabe Chieko , Iwamoto Takeaki , Kabuto Chizuko , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A novel dinuclear palladium complex with one bridging dialkylsilylene ligand 6 was synthesized by the reaction of isolable dialkylsilylene 7 (R2Si:) with two equiv of bis(tricyclohexyl)phosphinepalladium (8). Complex 6 as a prototypical dipalladasilacyclopropane reacts with molecular hydrogen to give dihydrosilane 10 (R2SiH2) together with 8 and metallic palladium.
A Novel Preparation of Tungsten Carbide Particles with High Specific Surface Area by Carburizing Tungsten Sulfides
Authors: Hara Yoshinori , Minami Noriko , Matsumoto Hajime , Itagaki Hiroaki 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
High surface area tungsten carbide (WC) was prepared by the carburization of tungsten sulfide (WS2) with a mixture gas of H2/CH4. In particular, the surface area of WC derived from W(CO)6/S as starting material showed around 80 m2/g, which is the highest value among reported. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed that WS2 decomposed into small WC crystals with a plate-like structure retaining the entire morphology of the original WS2 when WS2 was transformed into WC. That may be one of reasons why WC obtained in this way gives a high surface area.
Fabrication of Large, Free-standing Nanofilms of Platinum and Platinum–Palladium Alloy
Authors: Li Yuanzhi , Kunitake Toyoki , Onoue Shinya , Muto Emi , Watanabe Hirohmi 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A facile approach was developed to fabricate macroscopic, free-standing nanofilms (thickness, 50 nm) of platinum and platinum–palladium alloy, which are flexible and remain intact in air.
Addition of Allylindium Bromide to Nitrile Oxides in Aqueous Media: Convenient Synthesis of 5-Methylisoxazolines
Authors: Sawant Sanghapal D , Singh Parvinder P , Qazi Naveed A , Kumar H M Sampath 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
5-Methylisoxazolines were obtained in good yields through a highly selective nucleophilic addition of allylindium reagent to benzonitrile oxides with concominant C–O heterocyclization.
An Effect of Protruding Ends of λ-DNA on its Adsorption onto Hydrophobic Solid Surfaces during Molecular Combing
Authors: Kudo Hidetoshi , Suga Kosaku , Fujihira Masamichi 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
We investigated an effect of difference in extremities of DNA on its adsorption onto chemically modified cover glass slips. Two kinds of DNA were used. These are λ-DNA and λ-DNA treated with T4 DNA polymerase, which have protruding ends and blunt ends, respectively. The glass substrate surfaces were silanized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) or octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTS). Both DNA molecules were adsorbed on the APS-treated surface due to electrostatic interaction between the positively charged ammonium groups and the negatively charged phosphate groups along the DNA chains, while only untreated λ-DNA was adsorbed on the OTS-treated surface. The latter result is attributable to hydrophobic interaction between the protruding ends and the OTS-treated surface.
Invited Commentary—Dynamic Structural Consumer Models and Current Marketing Issues
Authors: Sun Baohong 
Published: January 2007

Structural models integrate behavioral and psychological decision theory into economics models and are more aligned with the true underlying economic primitives of the consumers. This allows researchers to investigate more behavior-driven and process-oriented customer decision processes such as learning of product attributes, formation of a consideration sets, stockpiling, and flexible consumption that cannot be easily handled by traditional marketing models. Chintagunta et al. (2006) gives an excellent review on the development and applications of structural models in marketing for modeling both consumer demand and firm competition. Recent interests in consumer research have diversified from frequently purchased packaged goods to services, high-tech, Internet, and information industries. Consumers are observed to be more sophisticated, long-term oriented, risk averse, and rational when making purchase and consumption decisions in these product categories. Structural models are better choices to capture the nature of the sophisticated decision process under the new marketing environment and engineering. Given the thorough review of Chintagunta et al. (2006), I will focus only on the dynamic structural demand models that have the components of information processing, rational expectation, and/or endogenous decisions to trade off current and future utilities, and I discuss some current marketing issues that can be most appropriately addressed by these models.
Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study
Authors: Hozawa Atsushi , Jacobs David R , Steffes Michael W , Gross Myron D , Steffen Lyn M , Lee Duk-Hee 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Background: Serum carotenoid concentrations relate inversely to cardiovascular disease incidence. To clarify the effect of carotenoids on atherosclerotic risk factors, we examined the association of circulating carotenoids with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and smoking.
Methods: Black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, ages 18 to 30 years at recruitment (1985–1986) from 4 US cities, were investigated over 15 years. We included 2048 to 4580 participants in analyses of the sum of serum α-carotene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations and of lycopene at year 0 and at year 7.
Results: The year 0 sum of 4 carotenoids was inversely associated (all P &lt;0.05) with year 0 leukocyte count (slope per sum carotenoid SD, −0.17); year 7 fibrinogen (slope, −0.10); year 7 and year 15 C-reactive protein (slope, −0.12 and −0.09); and year 15 F2-isoprostanes (slope, −13.0), soluble P-selectin (slope, −0.48), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1; slope, −5.1). Leukocyte counts and sICAM1 and F2-isoprostane concentrations had stronger associations in smokers than in nonsmokers, and sICAM1 concentrations were higher in the highest carotenoid quartile in smokers than in the lowest carotenoid quartile in nonsmokers. Superoxide dismutase was positively associated with the sum of 4 carotenoids (slope, 0.12; P &lt;0.01). Lycopene was inversely associated only with sICAM1. The year 7 carotenoid associations with these markers were mostly similar to those at year 0.
Conclusions: Circulating serum carotenoids were associated, some interactively with smoking, in apparently beneficial directions with markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
Inference of Population Structure Under a Dirichlet Process Model
Authors: Huelsenbeck John P , Andolfatto Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInferring population structure from genetic data sampled from some number of individuals is a formidable statistical problem. One widely used approach considers the number of populations to be fixed and calculates the posterior probability of assigning individuals to each population. More recently, the assignment of individuals to populations and the number of populations have both been considered random variables that follow a Dirichlet process prior. We examined the statistical behavior of assignment of individuals to populations under a Dirichlet process prior. First, we examined a best-case scenario, in which all of the assumptions of the Dirichlet process prior were satisfied, by generating data under a Dirichlet process prior. Second, we examined the performance of the method when the genetic data were generated under a population genetics model with symmetric migration between populations. We examined the accuracy of population assignment using a distance on partitions. The method can be quite accurate with a moderate number of loci. As expected, inferences on the number of populations are more accurate when θ = 4Neu is large and when the migration rate (4Nem) is low. We also examined the sensitivity of inferences of population structure to choice of the parameter of the Dirichlet process model. Although inferences could be sensitive to the choice of the prior on the number of populations, this sensitivity occurred when the number of loci sampled was small; inferences are more robust to the prior on the number of populations when the number of sampled loci is large. Finally, we discuss several methods for summarizing the results of a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of population structure. We develop the notion of the mean population partition, which is the partition of individuals to populations that minimizes the squared partition distance to the partitions sampled by the MCMC algorithm.
Of Fieldwork, Folklore, and Festival: Personal Encounters
Authors: Nájera-Ramírez Olga 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Drawing on folklorist Américo Paredes’s insights on the ethnographic encounter, this article examines the role of personal experience in the fieldwork process. In particular, I provide a personal account of how my identity shaped my interactions in the field and how these ethnographic encounters in turn shaped my approach to, and understanding of, a specific festival.
Self‐Organized Gradient Hole Injection to Improve the Performance of Polymer Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Lee T.‐W. , Chung Y. , Kwon O. , Park J.‐J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract A new approach to forming a gradient hole‐injection layer in polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) is demonstrated. Single spin‐coating of hole‐injecting conducting polymer compositions with a perfluorinated ionomer results in a work function gradient through the layer formed by self‐organization, which leads to remarkably efficient single‐layer PLEDs (ca. 21 cd A–1). The device lifetime is significantly improved (ca. 50 times) compared with the conventional hole‐injection layer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate). These results are a good example for demonstrating that the shorter lifetime of PLEDs compared with small‐molecule‐based organic LEDs (SM‐OLEDs) is not mainly due to the inherent degradation of the polymeric emitter itself. Hence, the results open the way to further improvements of PLEDs for real applications to large‐area, high‐resolution, and full‐color flexible displays.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptidomimetics of Apicidin A
Authors: Deshmukh Prashant H. , Schulz‐Fademrecht Carsten , Procopiou Panayiotis A. , Vigushin David A. , Coombes R. Charles , Barrett Anthony G. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSyntheses of novel 16‐membered macrocyclic peptidomimetics are reported, which employ iterative peptide coupling followed by high yielding ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) as the key cyclization step. The target macrocyclic compounds include examples containing a (2S)‐amino‐8‐oxodecanoic acid (Aoda) residue as analogues of apicidin A, a known potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. These showed modest levels of biological activity as HDAC inhibitors.
Rhenium(VII) Oxide/Aluminum Oxide: More Experimental Evidence for an Oxametallacyclobutane Intermediate and a Pseudo‐Wittig Initiation Step in Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Salameh Alain , Copéret Christophe , Basset Jean‐Marie , Böhm Volker P. W. , Röper Michael 
Published: January 2007

AbstractReactivity studies of the rhenium(VII) oxide/aluminum oxide olefin metathesis catalyst with various olefins show that initiation does not require an olefin with an allylic CH bond, and therefore probably takes place via a pseudo‐Wittig reaction. While it does not react with ethene in the absence of propene, Re2O7/Al2O3 catalyses the self‐metathesis of Z‐stilbene and its cross‐metathesis with ethene. Additionally, reaction of Re2O7/Al2O3 with Z‐2‐butene followed by 13C di‐labelled ethene shows that it contains only 2 % of active sites.
Strategies to Immobilize Well‐Defined Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Supported Homogeneous Catalysis vs. Surface Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Copéret C. , Basset J.‐M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis review is mainly devoted to a description of the strategies that have been implemented to develop well‐defined olefin metathesis catalysts immobilized on solid supports. Two main approaches have been investigated involving supported homogenous catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts prepared by surface organometallic chemistry. Advantages, limitations and possible developments of these systems are discussed.
Synthesis of Oxygen‐Containing Medium and Large Rings using One‐Pot Combinations of Sequential Alkene, Enyne and Alkyne Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Groaz Elisabetta , Banti Donatella , North Michael 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe first and second generation Grubbs’ catalysts are shown to convert cyclohexane and cyclohexene bis‐allyl and allyl propargyl ethers into 6,8‐fused bicyclic derivatives by alkene and enyne metathesis reactions, respectively. The corresponding cyclohexane and cyclohexene bis‐propargyl ethers are converted into 6,8‐fused bicyclic trienes by enyne metathesis when treated with the second generation Grubbs’ catalyst. Cyclohexene and norbornene esters bearing two alkyne units undergo alkyne metathesis when treated with molybdenum hexacarbonyl and 2‐fluorophenol to give 12‐membered ring containing alkynes which subsequently undergo alkene and enyne metathesis reactions when treated with first or second generation Grubbs’ catalysts. Both Grubbs’ catalysts are shown to be compatible with the reagents and conditions used for the molybdenum alkyne metathesis catalyst, thus allowing the two catalysts to be used in a one‐pot process involving alkyne, enyne and alkene metathesis transformations.
A Cross‐Metathesis Route to Functionalized α‐Methyl α‐Substituted Amino Acids
Authors: Storcken Roy P. M. , Panella Lavinia , van Delft Floris L. , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Schoemaker Hans E. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA chemoenzymatic approach to the synthesis of functionalized α‐methyl α‐substituted amino acids is detailed. This involves amidase‐mediated enzymatic resolution of α‐methyl α‐substituted side‐chain ω‐unsaturated amino acids followed by functionalization via cross‐metathesis.
Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Applications of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene and Alkylidyne Catalysts for the Metathesis of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Schrock Richard R. , Czekelius Constantin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe last several years have produced some key advances in the area of alkene and alkyne metathesis by high oxidation state alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes along with new applications in organic and polymer chemistry. In this review we cover some of these developments and applications. The first part of this review concerns developments in catalyst synthesis and new catalysts. The second part concerns notable applications in organic and polymer chemistry. We discuss only high oxidation state alkylidene and alkylidyne chemistry of relevance to alkene or alkyne metathesis reactions and favor studies in the homogeneous phase.
Syntheses and Reactivity of Analogues of Grubbs’ Second Generation Metathesis Catalyst with Fluorous Phosphines: A New Phase‐Transfer Strategy for Catalyst Activation
Authors: da Costa Rosenildo Corrêa , Gladysz John A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractReactions of the bis(pyridine) complex (H2IMes)(Py)2(Cl)2Ru(=CHPh), (H2IMes=1,3‐dimesityl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and the highly fluorophilic phosphines [Rfn(CH2)m]3P [1; m/n=a, 2/6; b, 2/8; c, 2/10; d, 3/8; Rfn=CF3(CF2)n−1] give (H2IMes){[Rfn(CH2)m]3P}(Cl)2Ru(=CHPh) (4a–d, 64–78 %), which are analogues of Grubbs’ second generation alkene metathesis catalyst. Complexes 4a,b are effective catalysts for conversions of 1,6‐dienes to cyclopentenes under monophasic and biphasic conditions in CH2Cl2 and CH2Cl2/fluorous solvent mixtures. The latter generally exhibit rate accelerations, which are believed to arise from phase transfer of the dissociated fluorous phosphine, allowing the substrate to better compete for the fourteen valence‐electron intermediate. Only modest effects are observed when Grubbs’ second generation catalyst is similarly reacted. The most fluorophilic catalyst, 4c, can be recycled by extracting the reaction mixtures with perfluoro(methylcyclohexane).
Ligand Influence on Metathesis Activity of Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts: A DFT Study
Authors: Straub Bernd F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA survey of the concept of active and inactive ligand conformations in ruthenium alkene carbene complexes of the Grubbs catalyst type is presented. This concept is extended to a variety of anionic ligand atoms. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/LACV3P**+//B3LYP/LACVP* level of theory were performed on the precatalyst, 14 valence‐electron intermediate, alkene carbene conformers and ruthena(IV)cyclobutane model intermediates for several ligands, such as methoxide, methanethiolate, fluoride, mesylate, water, and ammonia. The rule of the superiority of metathesis catalysts with small and electron‐withdrawing halogens does not apply to fluoride ligands. Alkoxides and thiolates also destabilize active carbene conformations, while mesylate ligands lead to a balanced energetic relation of active and inactive carbene orientations. Cationic ruthenium carbene species with aqua or ammine ligands are limited by unfavored ligand dissociation to 14 valence‐electron intermediates. A guideline for the design of novel ligand systems for ruthenium carbene complexes as metathesis catalysts is proposed.
Ruthenium Catalyst with a Chelating Pyridinyl‐Alcoholato Ligand for Application in Linear Alkene Metathesis
Authors: Jordaan Margaritha , Vosloo H. C. Manie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe catalytic activity of ruthenium alkylidene complexes [RuCl(L)($\widehat{ON}$)(CHPh)] [L=H2IMes and PCy3, $\widehat{ON}$=1‐(2′‐pyridinyl)cyclohexan‐1‐olate)], bearing a chelating pyridinyl‐alcoholate ligand, was investigated for the metathesis of 1‐octene in the absence of a solvent. Both systems were active for the metathesis of 1‐octene yielding trans‐7‐tetradecene and ethene as the primary metathesis products. Although the activity of both systems increased with an increase in reaction temperature, the activity of [RuCl(H2IMes)($\widehat{ON}$)(CHPh)] started to decrease at temperatures above 70 °C, with a simultaneous exponential increase in the secondary metathesis products due to double‐bond isomerisation of the substrate. Although the initiation rates for these systems are slower compared to Grubbs 1 and Grubbs 2 for the metathesis of 1‐octene at 60 °C, they have a higher activity and longer lifetime.
Synthesis of Vinyl‐Functionalized Thiazoles by Cross‐Metathesis and Tandem Stille Coupling/Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Dash Jyotirmayee , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe application of olefin cross‐metathesis to vinyl‐functionalized thiazoles and the tandem Stille coupling/cross‐metathesis of bis‐trifloylthiazoles are reported. These processes offer new opportunities for the synthesis of complex natural products.
Complete remission of multiple myeloma after autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Possible association with interferon‐α
Authors: Gesundheit Benjamin , Zelig Orly , Shapira Michael Y. , Ackerstein Aliza , Avgil Meytal , Or Reuven 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA patient with multiple myeloma (MM) was being maintained on human recombinant interferon‐α (INF‐α) after VAD and autologous bone marrow transplantation (pretreated with melphalan). An episode of immune thrombocytopenia and (Coombs positive) autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was noted while on maintenance INF‐α, which remitted when it was withdrawn. Following this event, he achieved a state of stable disease that persists (more than 3 years) with no specific myeloma treatment. This sequence of events suggests a relationship between an immunological reaction induced by INF‐α and the prolonged phase of stable disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
De novo subtelomeric deletion of 15q associated with satellite translocation in a child with developmental delay and severe growth retardation
Authors: Rujirabanjerd Sinitdhorn , Suwannarat Warapong , Sripo Thanya , Dissaneevate Pathikan , Permsirivanich Wutichai , Limprasert Pornprot 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe report on a case of satellited 15q with subtelomeric deletion in a girl with delayed development and severe growth retardation. The patient also has a triangular face, downturned angles of the mouth, micrognathia, and minor limb malformations including mild talipes equinovarus, genu recurvatum, and increased dorsiflexion of both limbs. Cytogenetic analysis using standard GTG banding showed a female karyotype with a satellited‐like structure at the distal long arm of one chromosome 15. Silver staining of the nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) confirmed the presence of a satellite DNA translocation at the lesion. Analysis using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) detected a subtelomeric deletion of the terminal 15q. Additional molecular analysis using microsatellite markers along the long arm of chromosome 15 defined a maximally deleted region at approximately 4.7 Mb. Haploinsufficiency of the IGF1R gene expression is thought to be the cause of growth delay in all 15q terminal deletion including our patient. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.