bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamische Belastung von Seitenkanalverdichtern im Vakuumbetrieb
Authors: Surek D. , Stempin S. , Galinsky H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeitenkanalverdichter sind wie alle Turbomaschinen und rotierende Verdrängermaschinen in der Lage sowohl im Druck und Vakuumbereich zu arbeiten. Gegenwärtig werden Seitenkanalverdichter im Vakuumbetrieb nur für den Grobvakuumbereich bis zu absoluten Saugdrücken von ps = 10 kPa genutzt. Die Vorteile von Seitenkanalverdichtern mit der Expansionsströmung im Unterbrecher nehmen aber gegenüber dem Betrieb im Druckbereich und gegenüber anderen Verdichterbauarten mit sinkendem Saugdruck deutlich zu. Deshalb ist es zweckmäßig den Arbeitsbereich von Seitenkanalverdichtern auch für den Betrieb im höheren Vakuumbereich bis in den Feinvakuumbereich zu erschließen, da Seitenkanalverdichter dann die Möglichkeit eröffnen, den gesamten Vakuumbereich vom Feinvakuum bis nahe an den Atmosphärendruck zu überdecken. Damit ist der Vorteil verbunden, daß im Vakuumbereich hochtourige Turboverdichter eingesetzt werden könnten, die über geringe Bauabmessungen verfügen, einfach aufgebaut sind und schmierungsfrei arbeiten. Diese Vorteile erfüllen auch die Forderungen der Vakuumtechnik nach ölfreier Gasförderung und Absaugung von Dämpfen.
Pulsed Laser Deposition: Schicht‐ und Prozeßuntersuchung
Authors: Husmann Andreas , Hangen Ude D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie Prozesse bei der Schichtabscheidung im PLD‐Verfahren werden systematisch beschrieben. Exemplarische Ergebnisse zur Prozeßentwicklung und Schichtanalyse mittels Ramanspektroskopie und nano‐Härtemessung werden vorgestellt.
Stabilität der Leckrate von Helium‐Testlecks
Authors: Jitschin W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractZur Kalibrierung der Empfindlichkeit von Helium‐Lecksuchern werden Testlecks mit bekanntem Helium‐Gasstrom eingesetzt. Weit verbreitet ist eine Bauform von Testlecks, bei der sich das Gas in einem Reservoir befindet und mittels Permeation durch eine Wand austritt. Bei konstanter Temperatur wird ein zeitlich konstanter Leckstrom erwartet, der aufgrund des Gasverlustes allmählich geringfügig abnimmt (typisch −1% pro Jahr). Dieses Verhalten wird bei Testlecks mit Quarzglaswand auch tatsächlich beobachtet. Bei Testlecks mit Kunststoffwand treten jedoch erhebliche Schwankungen auf, die nicht verstanden sind. Ergänzend werden gemessene Reaktionszeiten der Leckrate auf Änderungen der Temperatur und des Fülldrucks für Lecks mit Quarzglaswand und mit Kunststoffwand mitgeteilt.
Moderne Schmierstoffe in der Vakuumtechnik
Authors: Loderer Dirk , Staudacher Werner 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAuch oder gerade im Zeitalter der Trockenläufer, sind Schmierstoffe und/oder funktionelle Flüssigkeiten ein wesentlicher, intgraler Teil jeder Vakuumpumpe. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über alle Arten moderner Schmierung in der Vakuumtechnologie: Fluids, Fette und Beschichtungen.
Towards a sociology of global morals with an ‘emancipatory intent’
Authors: LINKLATER ANDREW 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTFirst generation Frankfurt School critical theorists argued that global solidarity was possible because human beings have similar vulnerabilities to mental and physical suffering. This approach to solidarity remains significant for any discussion of the ethical aspirations of critical theory. It also has ramifications for efforts to develop a sociological approach to global moral codes which is influenced by the idea of an emancipatory social theory. Informed by certain themes which were developed by Simone Weil, this article draws on the writings of Fromm, Horkheimer, Adorno and Elias to consider how a sociology of international moral codes can be developed. One of the aims of this project is to consider how far global moralities have developed forms of solidarity around the recognition of shared vulnerabilities to mental and physical suffering which are part of the species’ biological legacy.
Uniqueness and stability of the recovery of an absorbing obstacle from a knowledge of its scattering resonances
Authors: Labreuche C. 
Published: July 2007

In a previous paper, I investigated the use (for the inverse scattering problem) of the resonant frequencies and the associated eigen far-fields. I showed that the shape of a sound soft obstacle is uniquely determined by a knowledge of one resonant frequency and one associated eigen far-field. Inverse obstacle scattering problems are ill-posed in the sense that a small error in the measurement may imply a large error in the reconstruction. This is contrary to the idea of continuity. I proved that, by adding some a priori information, the reconstruction becomes continuous. More precisely, continuity holds if we assume that the obstacle lies a fixed and known compact set.The goal of this paper is to extend these results to the case of absorbing obstacles.
Epilogue: Implications of Research on English Language Learners for Classroom and Clinical Practice
Authors: Nixon Stephanie M. , McCardle Peggy , Leos Kathleen 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the present article is to provide the closing context for this clinical forum that showcases prereading and reading development research with Spanish-speaking English language learning children.MethodBackground information, including legislation, judicial review, and past research, are used to interpret the results of the studies in the clinical forum.ImplicationsSuggestions for practitioners and future research are presented based on the clinical forum and background information.
Quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities who live with families in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Y. C. , Schalock R. L. , Tzou P. Y. , Lin L. C. , Chang A. L. , Lee W. P. , Chang S. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground  Little research has been conducted about the quality of life (QOL) of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Taiwan, particularly their subjective QOL. This study examined the personal perceptions of these individuals as measured on internationally recognized core QOL domains and indicators.Methods  A census interview survey was conducted in Hsin‐Chu City in Taiwan; 233 adults aged over 16 years with mild ID and living with their families participated in the study. Data were collected using the Cross‐Cultural QOL Indicators (CCQOLI) together with socio‐demographic data that included ‘activities of daily living’ and ‘instrumental activities of daily living’ (IADL). The CCQOLI were based on the three most commonly reported indicators of each of the eight QOL domains: emotional well‐being, interpersonal relations, material well‐being, personal development, physical well‐being, self‐determination, social inclusion and rights. Each indicator has two sets of questions related to the indicator's ‘importance’ and ‘use’. These are answered by the respondent using a 4‐point Likert scale.Results  The importance and use of the QOL indicators were evaluated positively by the respondents. The adults' individual characteristics, namely IADL and educational level, were significant predictors for the ‘importance’ while the adults' perceptions of ‘use’ for overall QOL were significantly affected by his/her socio‐economic data, that is, residence location and father's educational level.Conclusions  The present study addressed the issue of self‐reported QOL in people with ID in Taiwanese society, becoming a possible benchmark for similar measurements carried out by disability movements there. These results contribute to current advocacy efforts towards creating a supportive environment for people with ID.
Regulation of G protein‐coupled cAMP receptor activation by a hydrophobic residue in transmembrane helix 3
Authors: Zhang Minghang , Goswami Mousumi , Sawai Satoshi , Cox Edward C. , Hereld Dale 
Published: July 2007

SummarycAR1, a G protein‐coupled cAMP receptor, is essential for multicellular development of Dictyostelium. We previously identified a cAR1‐Ile104 mutant that appeared to be constitutively activated based on its constitutive phosphorylation, elevated affinity for cAMP, and dominant‐negative effects on development as well as specific cAR1 pathways that are subject to adaptation. To investigate how Ile104 might regulate cAR1 activation, we assessed the consequences of substituting it with all other amino acids. Constitutive phosphorylation of these Ile104 mutants varied broadly, suggesting that they are activated to varying extents, and was correlated with polarity of the substituting amino acid residue. Remarkably, all Ile104 substitutions, except for the most conservative, dramatically elevated the receptor's cAMP affinity. However, only a third of the mutants (those with the most polar substitutions) blocked development. These findings are consistent with a model in which polar Ile104 substitutions perturb the equilibrium between inactive and active cAR1 conformations in favour of the latter. Based on homology with rhodopsin, Ile104 is likely buried within inactive cAR1 and exposed to the cytoplasm upon activation. We propose that the hydrophobic effect normally promotes burial of Ile104 and hence cAR1 inactivation, while polar substitution of Ile104 mitigates this effect, resulting in activation.
Trabeculectomy trapdoor separation with allergic periorbital dermatitis: an unusual late‐onset complication of guarded filtration surgery
Authors: Ooi Kenneth G‐J , Adler Paul A , Goldberg Ivan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHypotony post trabeculectomy may be the result of excessive aqueous outflow. Herein a case of an elderly man with excessive filtration 2 years post trabeculectomy resulting from trapdoor separation associated with allergic periorbital dermatitis is presented. Quaternary ammonium compounds are a significant cause of allergic periorbital dermatitis. Chronic rubbing associated with allergies to multiple topical quaternary ammonium compound‐containing ophthalmic preparations is likely to have contributed to the trapdoor autotrauma and separation in this man with a background of allergic contact dermatitis.
Isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the rock carp, Procypris rabaudi (Tchang)
Authors: ZHANG XIUYUE , YUE BISONG , FENG JINCHAO , SONG ZHAOBIN 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNine highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from AC‐ and GATA‐repeat microsatellite enrichment DNA libraries in the rock carp, Procypris rabaudi (Tchang). The number of alleles for these loci ranged from eight to 18 in tested individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.712 to 0.908 with an average of 0.837. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.719 and 0.870, respectively. These molecular markers will be useful for the assessment of genetic diversity and analysis of population structure in wild rock carp.
Isolation, characterization and cross‐amplification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Laelia speciosa (Orchidaceae)
Authors: CORTÉS‐PALOMEC AUREA C. , MCCAULEY ROSS A. , OYAMA KEN 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Laelia speciosa is an endangered epiphytic orchid endemic to central Mexico. Here, we report on the development of 14 perfect and imperfect microsatellite repeat loci for this species. Numbers of alleles ranged from two to 16 and levels of observed heterozygosities among the 14 loci ranged from 0.28 to 1.00 across two widely divergent populations. All loci were also tested for cross‐amplification in four other Laelia species and other selected genera of the subtribe Laeliinae.
Predicting marital satisfaction: Social absorption and individuation versus attachment anxiety and avoidance
Authors: CHARANIA MAHNAZ R. , ICKES WILLIAM 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe incremental validity of social absorption and social individuation in predicting relationship satisfaction beyond anxious and avoidant attachment was assessed in a sample of 400 heterosexual couples. Results indicated that the actor’s and partner’s social absorption scores and the absolute difference between the partners’ social individuation scores made significant unique contributions to the actor’s satisfaction in a model that included avoidant and anxious attachment. This model accounted for 49% of the variance in the actors’ satisfaction scores. Satisfaction was high when both partners were predisposed toward behavioral interdependence but suffered when the partners were discrepant in their need to cognitively distinguish self and other. Possible explanations for these findings and their implications for marital satisfaction are discussed.
Altered Gene Expression Profiles in the Frontal Cortex of Cirrhotic Alcoholics
Authors: Liu Jianwen , Lewohl Joanne M. , Harris R. Adron , Dodd Peter R. , Mayfield R. Dayne 
Published: July 2007

Background:  Cirrhosis is the result of chronic liver disease that causes scarring and dysfunction of the liver. The disease is a common concomitant condition resulting from sustained exposure to alcohol. Heavy alcohol use results in brain damage that is generally more severe in cirrhotic compared with noncirrhotic alcoholics. We examined, at the cellular level, gene expression in the frontal cortex of cirrhotic alcoholics.Methods:  Gene expression profiles were compared between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholics using ∼47,000 element cDNA microarrays.Results:  Widespread differences in transcriptome patterns were observed in cirrhotic compared with noncirrhotic alcoholics and these differences in gene expression accurately distinguished cirrhotic from noncirrhotic alcoholics. Functionally related groups of genes were identified that are involved in cell adhesion, mitochondrial function, synaptic transmission, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Both astrocytes and neuronal cells were affected at the transcriptional level. The regulated genes are involved in neurite growth, neuronal cell adhesion, synaptic vesicle release, and postsynaptic neurotransmission.Conclusions:  These changes in the transcriptome likely contribute to the more severe brain dysfunction in cirrhotic alcoholics.
Poor but allocatively efficient—evidence from the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Sauer Johannes , Mendoza‐Escalante Arisbe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis research empirically investigates the well‐known “poor‐but‐efficient” hypothesis formulated by Schultz (1964) assuming that small‐scale farmers in developing countries are reasonably efficient in allocating their scarce resources by responding positively to price incentives. Deviating from Schultz it is assumed here that scale effects explain a considerable proportion of small‐scale farmers' relative efficiency. The theoretical underpinnings of the scale efficiency concept are briefly reviewed before a normalized generalized Leontief (GL) profit function is modeled by using its output supply and input demand system to capture the joint production of cassava flour and maize by a sample of small‐scale farmers in the Bragantina region of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The discussion of theoretical consistency and functional flexibility is considered by imposing convexity on the GL profit framework. The empirical results confirm our revised hypothesis that small farmers in traditional development settings are “poor‐but‐allocatively efficient” by clearly suggesting considerable inefficiency with respect to the scale of operations.
Keratinocyte cultures from involved skin in vitiligo patients show an impaired in vitro behaviour
Authors: Bondanza Sergio , Maurelli Riccardo , Paterna Patrizia , Migliore Eleonora , Giacomo Fabio Di , Primavera Giovanni , Paionni Emanuel , Dellambra Elena , Guerra Liliana 
Published: July 2007

SummaryVitiligo depigmentation is considered a consequence of either melanocyte disappearance or loss of functioning melanocytes in the involved areas. However, it has been reported that keratinocytes in involved vitiligo skin are damaged too. Based on this evidence, we evaluated the in vitro behaviour, in life span cultures, of involved and uninvolved vitiligo keratinocytes and their expression of proliferation, differentiation and senescence markers. An additional purpose was to investigate whether vitiligo keratinocytes from depigmented skin are able to sustain survival and growth of normal melanocytes (when added in co‐culture experiments), as normal human keratinocytes manage to do. Our results demonstrate that almost all involved vitiligo keratinocytes have a shorter life span in vitro than the uninvolved cells and all of them do not maintain melanocytes in culture in a physiological ratio. Modification of proliferation and senescence marker expression also occurs. Indeed, we detected low initial expression levels of the senescence marker p16 in involved vitiligo keratinocytes, despite their shorter in vitro life span, and increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53. This preliminary analysis of a small number of in vitro cultured vitiligo keratinocytes suggests an impaired senescence process in lesional vitiligo keratinocytes and attempts to regulate it.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Effects on Trophoblast and Endothelial Cells
Authors: D’Ippolito Silvia , Di Simone Nicoletta , Di Nicuolo Fiorella , Castellani Roberta , Caruso Alessandro 
Published: July 2007

Problem  Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may affect placental functions through several possible mechanisms. Interaction of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) with cells involved in the coagulation cascade is thought to produce a procoagulant state. Thrombotic placental pathology is however not specific for the APS.Method of study  An analysis of published data.Results  It is now generally accepted that the clinically relevant aPL bind to proteins with affinity for phospholipids (PL), such as β2‐glycoprotein I (β2‐GPI). Following the attachment of β2‐GPI to trophoblast anionic PL, both molecules undergo conformational changes resulting in the exposure of cryptic epitopes within the structure of β2‐GPI. This may allow the subsequent binding of antibodies hence affecting trophoblast functions directly.Moreover anti‐β2‐GPI antibodies induce the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), resulting in a proinflammatory state which favours the prothrombotic diathesis of the syndrome.Conclusion  Numerous ameliorations in the APS knowledge have been introduced in the last few years. To have clarified the mechanism of antibody mediated damage on trophoblast and ECs represents an important step to explain the cellular events leading to pregnancy complications.
Effects of shade, drought and daughter cladodes on the CO2 uptake by cladodes of Opuntia ficus‐indica
Authors: Pimienta‐Barrios E. , Castillo‐Cruz I. , Zañudo‐Hernández J. , Méndez‐Morán L , Nobel P.S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effects of shade on the physiology of opuntias have received little attention, notwithstanding that shade regularly occurs in both wild stands and cultivated populations. This research evaluates the effects of shade on the physiology of cladodes of Opuntia ficus‐indica, with and without daughter cladodes, as they are exposed to progressive drought. The stress caused by shade, drought and daughter cladodes reduced photosynthesis by mother cladodes and was associated with decreases in relative water content, parenchyma thickness and chlorophyll content. Shade exacerbated the physiological drought of mother cladodes imposed by daughter cladodes and by reduced soil water content.
Hepatic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived UE7T‐13 cells: Effects of cytokines and CCN family gene expression
Authors: Shimomura Takashi , Yoshida Yoko , Sakabe Tomohiko , Ishii Kyoko , Gonda Kazue , Murai Rie , Takubo Kazuko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Hoshikawa Yoshiko , Kurimasa Akihiro , Hisatome Ichiro , Uyama Taro , Umezawa Akihiro , Shiota Goshi 
Published: July 2007

Aim:  Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are expected to be an excellent source of cells for transplantation. We aimed to study the culture conditions and involved genes to differentiate MSC into hepatocytes.Methods:  The culture conditions to induce the efficient differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived UE7T‐13 cells were examined using cytokines, hormones, 5‐azacytidine and type IV collagen.Results:  We found that combination of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with type IV collagen coating induced hepatic differentiation of UE7T‐13 cells at over 30% frequency, where expression of albumin mRNA was increased over 20‐fold. The differentiated cells had functions of albumin production, glycogen synthesis and urea secretion as well as expressing hepatocyte‐specific genes. In addition, these cellshave binuclear and cuboidal morphology, which is a characteristic feature of hepatocytes. During hepatic differentiation, UE7T‐13 cells showed depressed expression of WISP1 and WISP2 genes, members of the CCN family. Conversely, knockdown of WISP1 or WISP2 gene by siRNA stimulated hepatic differentiation. The effect of aFGF/bFGF/HGF/type IV collagen coating and WISP1‐siRNA on hepatic differentiation was additive.Conclusion:  The present study suggests that aFGF/bFGF/HGF/type IV collagen coating is the efficient condition for hepatic differentiation of UE7T‐13 cells, and that WISP1 and WISP2 play an important role in hepatic transdifferentiation of these cells.
N O x Emissions of a Premixed Partially Vaporized Kerosene Spray Flame
Authors: Baessler Stefan , Mösl Klaus G. , Sattelmayer Thomas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn important question for future aeroengine combustors is how partial vaporization influences the NOx emissions of spray flames. In order to address this question an experimental study of the combustion of partially vaporized kerosene/air mixtures was conducted. This assesses the influence of the degree of fuel vaporization on the NOx emissions in a wide range of equivalence ratios covering the entire lean burning regime. The tests were performed at atmospheric pressure, inlet air temperatures of 313–376K, a reference mean air velocity of 1.35m∕s, and equivalence ratios of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.9 using Jet A1 fuel. An ultrasonic atomizer was used to generate a fuel spray with a Sauter Mean Diameter of approximately 50μm. The spray and the heated air were mixed in a glass tube of 71mm diameter and a variable length of 0.5–1m. The temperature of the mixing air and the length of the preheater tube were used for the control of the degree of vaporization. Downstream of the vaporizing section, the mixture was ignited and the flame was stabilized with a hot wire ring that was electrically heated. For local exhaust measurements a temperature controlled suction probe in combination with a conventional gas analysis system were used. The vaporized ratio of the injected fuel was determined by a Phase Doppler Anemometer (PDA). In order to optimize the accuracy of these measurements extensive validation tests with a patternator method were performed and a calibration curve was derived. The data collected in this study illustrates the effect of the vaporization rate ψ upstream of the flame front on the NOx emissions which changes with varying equivalence ratio and degree of vaporization. In the test case with low prevaporization the equivalence ratio only has a minor influence on the NOx emissions. Experiments made with air preheat and higher degrees of vaporization show two effects: With increasing preheat air temperature, NOx emissions increase due to higher effective flame temperatures. However, with an increasing degree of vaporization, emissions become lower due to the dropping number and size of burning droplets, which act as hot spots. A correction for the effect of the preheat temperature was developed. It reveals the effect of the degree of prevaporization and shows that the NOx emissions are almost independent of ψ for near-stoichiometric operation. At overall lean conditions the NOx emissions drop nonlinearly with ψ. This leads to the conclusion that a high degree of vaporization is required in order to achieve substantial NOx abatement.