bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurofilament heavy‐chain NfHSMI35 in cerebrospinal fluid supports the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Brettschneider Johannes , Petzold Axel , Süßmuth Sigurd D. , Landwehrmeyer Georg B. , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan , Tumani Hayrettin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the potential of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) axonal damage biomarker NfHSMI35 in the laboratory‐supported differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 22), multiple‐system atrophy (MSA; n = 21), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n = 21), corticobasal degeneration (CBD; n = 6), and age‐matched controls (n = 45) were included. CSF levels of NfHSMI35 were measured using ELISA. Levels of CSF NfHSMI35 were elevated in PSP compared to PD and controls (P < 0.05 each). They were also significantly higher in MSA than in PD and controls (P < 0.05 each). NfHSMI35 differentiated PD from PSP with a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 94.4%. Axonal damage as measured by CSF NfHSMI35 is most prominent in the more rapidly progressive syndromes PSP and MSA as compared to PD or CBD. CSF NfHSMI35 may therefore be of some value for the laboratory‐supported differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Microarray analysis of the developing cortex
Authors: Semeralul Mawahib O. , Boutros Paul C. , Likhodi Olga , Okey Allan B. , Van Tol Hubert H.M. , Wong Albert H.C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAbnormal development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders that have an onset in childhood or adolescence. Although the basic laminar structure of the PFC is established in utero, extensive remodeling continues into adolescence. To map the overall pattern of changes in cortical gene transcripts during postnatal development, we made serial measurements of mRNA levels in mouse PFC using oligonucleotide microarrays. We observed changes in mRNA transcripts consistent with known postnatal morphological and biochemical events. Overall, most transcripts that changed significantly showed a progressive decrease in abundance after birth, with the majority of change between postnatal weeks 2 and 4. Genes with cell proliferative, cytoskeletal, extracellular matrix, plasma membrane lipid/transport, protein folding, and regulatory functions had decreases in mRNA levels. Quantitative PCR verified the microarray results for six selected genes: DNA methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a), procollagen, type III, alpha 1 (Col3a1), solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 (Slc16a1), MARCKS‐like 1 (Marcksl1), nidogen 1 (Nid1) and 3‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (heart, mitochondrial) (Bdh). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
Tooth wear in two ancient populations of the Khazar Kaganat region in the Ukraine
Authors: Arnold W. H. , Naumova E. A. , Koloda V. V. , Gaengler P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTooth wear is a common phenomenon in archaeological material. It has been related to the abrasiveness of diet and to the tribological attrition of teeth of individuals. Numerous investigations have been carried out in north and middle American samples as well as African anthropological material. Not much is known about tooth wear in European cultures. Eleven skulls from Chervona Gusarovka, and 14 skulls from the Upper Saltov sites of the Khazar Kaganat region (8th–10th centuries AD) in eastern Ukraine, with different diets were examined. A total of 208 teeth were studied for tooth wear, caries prevalence and periodontal status. Abrasion grades were determined according to a standardised classification and statistically evaluated. Periodontal status was measured using the distance between the enamel‐cementum junction and alveolar crest and the gingival attachment level respectively. Tooth wear was significantly different (P < 0.01) between the two populations. A low caries prevalence of 4.2% in the Chervona Gusarovka population and 1.7% in the Upper Saltov population was found. Significantly more alveolar crest bone resorption on the lingual side was found in the premolars and anterior teeth of the Chervona Gusarovka population. No significant differences were found regarding gingival attachment levels and gingival recession. It is concluded that the content and mode of food preparation influenced tooth wear, as reflected by the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases in these ancient populations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of a self‐trapped quasiparticle in a one‐dimensional molecular lattice with two phonon modes
Authors: Natanzon Yu. , Brizhik L. S. , Eremko A. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work we study numerically the dynamics of a self‐trapped quasiparticle (electron, hole or excitation) in a one‐dimensional molecular chain with two phonon modes, one acoustical and one optical. This model generalizes the model of Davydov solitons and Holstein polaron model: Davydov solitons are formed by a quasiparticle interacting with acoustical phonons, and Holstein polarons are formed due the interaction with optical phonons. Our model describes soliton‐like (large polaron) states in soft quasi‐one‐dimensional systems, such as conducting polymers, alpha‐helical polypeptide macromolecules, DNA etc. For the purpose of modelling self‐trapping of quasiparticles without any influence of chain boundaries, we consider a molecular chain with periodic boundary conditions. Then, to study the dynamics of quasiparticles in such states, we use the adiabatic acceleration method. We show that soliton velocity is an oscillating function of time. These oscillations are caused by the presence of optical vibrations and by the Peierls–Nabarro barrier formed by discrete lattice. We also show that self‐trapping of a quasiparticle takes place at random dynamical lattice potential induced by some random initial conditions for acoustical and optical phonons, provided the random range constant, i.e., the amplitude of random field, is not too big. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure and vibrational analysis of novel nonlinear optical L‐histidinium tetrafluoroborate (L‐HFB) single crystals
Authors: Gokul Raj S. , Ramesh Kumar G. , Mohan R. , Jayavel R. , Varghese Babu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSingle crystals of L‐histidinium tetrafluoroborate (L‐HFB) were grown by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution at room temperature. The crystal structure has been elucidated through single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopic measurements fully confirm the X‐ray crystal structure. The potential role of hydrogen bonds of the title crystal and its influence on interaction between the L‐histidinium cation and tetrafluoroborate anion has been discussed in detail. The crystal is a very good second harmonic generator. Its powder SHG efficiency is calculated as deff = 1.70 deff (KDP). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural correlation of band‐gap modifications induced in mercury telluride by dimensional constraint in single walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sloan J. , Carter R. , Meyer R. R. , Vlandas A. , Kirkland A. I. , Lindan P. J. D. , Lin G. , Harding J. , Hutchison J. L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA unique tubular structure for mercury telluride HgTe grown inside narrow single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is described with both Hg and Te in novel coordination geometries. Two unique projections were obtained by high resolution transmission electron microscopy from two separate encapsulated crystal fragments enabled reconstruction of a three dimensional atomic arrangement structurally consistent with both fragments. The observed structure was separately determined by quantum mechanical calculations that confirmed the global stability of the HgTe structure and demonstrated conclusively that it arises as a result of its constrained low‐dimensionality. We have also calculated that this structural change is correlated directly with a fundamentally modified electronic structure resulting in the transformation of HgTe from a bulk semimetal to a semiconductor when confined within a SWNT. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A useful identification method to build low‐order transfer function models based on frequency response for small‐signal stability analysis
Authors: Tada Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a scheme of small‐signal stability analysis for very large radial power systems. Generally, a radial power system can be easily classified as one main system and some external systems. Therefore, if accurate low‐order model of the external systems could be identified, the analysis effort for small‐signal stability can be reduced. Some dynamic reduction methods are proposed. Especially, the frequency‐domain least‐squares approximation methods, which are powerful and have high numerical reliability. This paper proposes a modal rebuild logic to improve the result obtained by the frequency‐domain least‐squares approximation methods. The proposed method provides high accuracy and a practical low‐order transfer function model. This paper introduces the usefulness of the proposed method with some numerical examples. In addition, merging sophisticated data handling and advanced applications in order to reduce human efforts is also discussed. This paper mentions the importance of automated node ID handling in order to realize the classification of system data into some partial data sets. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of core diameter of cylindrical polymer insulators on contamination flashover voltage—part I
Authors: Gautam Basanta Kumar , Matsumura Shigeki , Sakanishi Kenji , Matsuoka Ryosuke , Ito Masatoshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the investigation results of the effect of the core diameter on the flashover voltage of cylindrical polymer insulators under contaminated and heavy fog conditions. The specimens had the same or very similar shed profiles but different core diameters. The results confirmed a large reduction in flashover voltage when the core diameter was increased from 26 mm for transmission line insulators to 73 mm for post insulators; however, change is not so significant from post insulators to bushing shells having larger core diameters. Higher flashover voltages of line insulators are attributable to the large difference in the leakage current density between the trunk and shed portions so that the wetting conditions are very different between these portions. This causes the applied voltage to the whole insulator to be divided and allotted to almost all the dried trunks, preventing the concentration of the applied voltage to only a few portions, resulting in higher flashover voltages. The quantitative assessment of contamination flashover voltage characteristics of hydrophobic polymer insulators presented in this paper will be helpful in the selection and design of polymer insulators for contamination areas. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Voltage balancing control of chain link converter application to interconnection system
Authors: Konishi Hiroo , Verma Suresh C. , Sugimoto Shigeyuki , Ogawa Shigeaki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn application of the chain link converter (CLC) system, which consists of multiple single‐phase voltage source converters (VSCs) connected in parallel or series, is studied as interconnection systems. In a CLC‐high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) system, single‐phase converters must be connected in series on the DC side to make the DC voltage high, and the DC voltage of each converter must be controlled to the same value to get an appropriate capacity. This paper describes a DC voltage balancing control (DVBC) method between series converters. Simulations and simulator tests in steady states and in transient states were carried out to confirm behaviors of the CLC‐HVDC system. Those results confirmed the viability of CLC applications to interconnection systems. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparisons between impulse voltage calibrators and digitizers
Authors: Wakimoto Takayuki , Li Yi , Ik‐Soo Kim 
Published: September 2006

AbstractComparisons between impulse calibrators and digitizers are useful in determining the uncertainties of the instruments, especially when multiple devices are being cross compared. In this paper, comparisons between calibrators and digitizers from NIT, Japan and NMI, Australia are reported. Comparisons of full lightning impulse and switching impulse waveforms were performed. The results of the comparisons are reported with an analysis of the sources of the uncertainties. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Productivity of forage legumes intercropped with maize and their acceptability to livestock in the savanna zone of Nigeria
Authors: Rahman SA , Ogungbile AO 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFarmers in a village in northern Nigeria grew six forage legumes as intercrops with maize in two seasons. Lablab purpurens gave the best yield and economic performance while Centrosema pubescens was more appreciated by the livestock as feed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Acceptability and growth of goats fed with khat (Catha edulis) leftover as a sole diet and supplement
Authors: Ismail Mohammed , Tamir Berhan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLeftover of khat (Catha edulis) fed to goats as a sole diet or supplement improved body weight gain and did not affect the haematological parameters. Supplementation of sorghum stover by up to 45% of khat leftover increased intakes of dry matter and nutrients, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of goats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Growth of newly established alien populations: comparison of North American gypsy moth colonies with invasion theory
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Tobin Patrick C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA common characteristic observed in many biological invasions is the existence of a lag between the time of arrival by the alien population and the time when established populations are noticed. Considerable advances have been made in modeling the expansion of invading species, and there is often remarkable congruence between the behavior of these models with spread of actual populations. While these models have been used to characterize expansion of very newly founded colonies, there have been few attempts to compare the behavior predicted from theory with spread in actual newly founded populations, largely due to the difficulty of sampling sparse populations. Models predict that time lags in the radial expansion of newly invaded populations may be due to time requirements for the population to grow from founding to detectable levels. Models also indicate that these time lags can be predicted based upon population parameters such as the intrinsic rate of population growth and diffusion coefficient. In this paper, we compared the behavior of these models with historical data on gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar, establishment and spread to show similarities between model predictions and observed population spread, both of which exhibited temporal lags of expansion. However, actual populations exhibited certain behaviors that were not predicted, and this could be due, in part, to the existence of Allee effects and stochasticity. Further work that incorporates these effects is needed to more fully understand the growth of incipient colonies of invading species. Ultimately, this information can be of critical importance in the selection of effective strategies for their detection and eradication.
Assessment of Quality of Outcomes within a Local United Way Organization: Implications for Sustaining System Level Change
Authors: Julian David A. , Kombarakaran Francis 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper provides a historical case study of efforts to implement and sustain “outcomes based funding” in a large United Way system in Central Ohio. The case study describes how community practitioners employed specific strategies to promote sustainability. The use of these strategies corresponds to several techniques suggested in the sustainability literature. This case study is offered as a means of considering how practitioners helped sustain the shift to outcomes based funding within the United Way system. In addition, this case study demonstrates how skills related to implementation and sustainability might be transferred to other situations where practitioners are interested in promoting change within large organizations and/or communities. The authors suggest that skills related to implementation and sustainability are essential to community practice.
Calmodulin is essential for angiogenesis in response to hypoxic stress in endothelial cells
Authors: Shen Wei‐Gan , Peng Wan‐Xin , Dai Gu , Xu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Yu , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAngiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels that is regulated by hypoxia, is a critical process for the growth and spread of tumors. Multiple phases of this process, including migration, adhesion, and formation of new capillary tubes, are needed for optimal tumor growth. Here, a new regulatory function for Ca2+–CaM in the vascular endothelium is described. Ca2+–CaM activation induced by hypoxia in endothelial cells is essential for angiogenic cellular responses. Inhibition of Ca2+–CaM activity suppressed endothelial cell migration, adhesion on collagen I substrate, invasion and impaired in vitro endothelial cell differentiation into tube‐like structures. We also reported that CaM is co‐distributed with the actin structures in the lamellipodia in migrating cells, whereas the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement induced by hypoxia was disrupted and HIF‐1 transcriptional activity was decreased when treated with CaM antagonists into cultures. These data indicate that Ca2+–CaM activation is more closely associated with the regulation of angiogenic key events, especially in response to hypoxic stress.
Performance evaluation of arterial femoral sheath removal by registered nurses after PCI
Authors: Schiks Ingrid , Schoonhoven Lisette , Verheugt Freek , Aengevaeren Wim , Van Achterberg Theo 
Published: September 2006

Background Sheath removal after PCI by registered nurses can improve patients’ comfort and shorten immobilisation time. As sheath removal is not without risk, it is important to assure the quality of performance. Aims The aim was (a) to check if nurses’ performance in 1999 and 2005 was in accordance with the protocol for arterial sheath removal and (b) to compare both measurements to explore differences in performance over time. Methods We trained registered nurses in sheath removal and observed them during sheath removal in elective uncomplicated PCI-patients. We developed and used a checklist, including 10 elements and 65 items. Results Both in 1999 ( n=43 observations with 13 nurses) and 2005 ( n=42 observations with 16 nurses) the norm of more than 90% for the total score was not achieved: we found 82% and 80%, respectively. Four elements scored more than 90%, and three elements scored less than 80% at both points in time. The results on the other three elements differed significantly over time. Conclusion Registered nurses achieved the norm for good performance (80–89%) of removing arterial sheaths according to protocol after a training programme and this is stable in time. Since the norm for excellent performance (≥90%) was not achieved, current performance could be improved, e.g. by yearly repetition of training and observation of skills. More research is needed, and could focus on the validation of the instrument. Also multi-centre studies with this checklist could test the association between the quality of arterial femoral sheath removal and the occurrence of vascular complications.
Tinnitus and Paget's disease of bone
Authors: Mackenzie I , Young C , Fraser W D 
Published: September 2006

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of tinnitus and deafness in subjects with Paget's disease of bone.Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-four subjects in total (77 with Paget's disease) were identified and audiologically examined. Subjects' experience of tinnitus was surveyed via a questionnaire and the results compared with those of age-matched controls.Results: Hearing loss in those with Paget's disease of bone was significantly worse than in controls. Hearing handicap was also much worse in the Paget's subjects. Sixty-one per cent of the Paget's subjects suffered from tinnitus, compared with 36 per cent of the controls.Conclusion: Deafness is a recognized, common sequelae of Paget's disease of bone, and tinnitus is a common accompanying symptom.
Radiographer roles and risk management in radiotherapy, and a UK survey
Authors: Griffiths S.E. , Craig A. , Abraham M. 
Published: September 2006

In 2005, against a background of expanding radiotherapy services and increasing demands on therapy radiographers, the UK radiotherapy managers group were concerned about vacancies and low establishments impacting on service delivery, and lack of guidance on staffing establishments. They undertook a survey and work to develop a staffing framework, also to highlight the criticality of adequate radiographer staffing to radiotherapy, both in service delivery and treatment safety. The survey, of 2004 services and staffing, aimed to see if commonality existed in establishment size related to services delivered, and whether staffing levels correlated with activity levels.Reasonable parity in the total number of funded WTE establishment for “core” services, per centre, per planned daily Linear Accelerator (linac) hour of service was shown. The resultant staffing formula for core services is 1.33 WTE per linac hour. This includes radiographers, assistants, helpers and others contributing to the core activities. The average linac day length was 8h. The average fraction time was 11min with a range of 1.7–5.7 fractions per hour, the variations in activity rate correlating with actual staffing levels. The formula was tested in three departments and example staffing models constructed to help in operationalising the four-tier career structure.
Stress and coping with advanced cancer
Authors: DE FAYE BARBARA J. , WILSON KEITH G. , CHATER SUSAN , VIOLA RAYMOND A. , HALL PIPPA 
Published: September 2006

Objective:For people with advanced cancer, the months preceding death can be very stressful. Moreover, cancer-related stressors can arise within multiple dimensions. However, little research has examined how people cope differentially with different types of stressors. The goal of this study was to examine patterns of coping across different dimensions of stress.Method:Fifty-two patients who were receiving palliative care for cancer were asked to indicate their most significant stressors within social, physical, and existential dimensions. A structured interview was then conducted to describe how the participants coped with these stressors.Results:Overall, stressor severity ratings were correlated significantly across the three dimensions, although physical symptoms received the highest mean rating. Participants generally used a range of coping strategies to deal with their stressors, but there were clear differences across dimensions in the relative use of problem-focused versus emotion-focused strategies. Problem-focused coping was less frequent for existential issues, whereas emotion-focused strategies were used less frequently for physical stressors. Coping efforts were not clearly related to psychological distress.Significance of results:Although coping is an important research theme within psycho-oncology, it may be overly broad to ask, “How do people cope with cancer?” In fact, different cancer-related stressors are coped with in very different ways. There is not necessarily any particular pattern of coping that is best for relieving psychological distress.