bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heterophasic or random PP copolymer on the compatibility mechanism between EVA and PP copolymers
Authors: Ramírez‐Vargas Eduardo , Margarita Huerta‐Martínez Blanca , Javier Medellín‐Rodríguez Francisco , Sánchez‐Valdes Saúl 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCompatibility mechanisms between EVA and PP copolymers (C‐PP) blends have been studied as a function of the type of copolymer, using a heterophasic PP copolymer (PP‐EP) and a random PP copolymer (PP‐r‐EP), with similar ethylene content. The morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of PP/EVA blends with different levels of EVA containing 28% vinyl acetate (VA) were determined. The obtained results indicated compatibility for both systems showing interactions at the amorphous interfaces; however, this interaction was higher for the PP‐r‐EP/EVA, which showed a single glass transition temperature and changes in the PP crystalline fraction (changes in the fusion temperature and in the diffraction patterns). The evolution of the morphology from isolated spherical domains (20% EVA) to elongated shapes (40% EVA) was related to the observed changes in thermal and mechanical properties. The impact strength and deformation properties showed significant improvement with increasing EVA content above 40% where the highest values of elongation for the PP‐r‐EPand of impact strength for the PP‐EP were obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Privileged learning
Authors: Wagoner Norma E. , Romero‐O'Connell Josina M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStudents often attain memorable experiences from cadaver dissections through reflective writing. For many, facing a dissection for the first time elicits a wide range of emotions. These may include thoughts of their own mortality to the sheer admiration of knowing that someone cared enough to help others learn about the body, even in death. Poems or stories from medical students are often moving and heartfelt, and warrant being shared. Anat Sci Ed 2:47–48, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Evaluation of computer‐aided instruction in a gross anatomy course: A six‐year study
Authors: McNulty John A. , Sonntag Beth , Sinacore James M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWeb‐based computer‐aided instruction (CAI) has become increasingly important to medical curricula. This multi‐year study investigated the effectiveness of CAI and the factors affecting level of individual use. Three CAI were tested that differed in specificity of applicability to the curriculum and in the level of student interaction with the CAI. Student personality preferences and learning styles were measured using the Meyers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI). Information on “computer literacy” and use of CAI was collected from student surveys. Server logs were used to quantify individual use of respective CAI. There was considerable variability in the level of utilization of each CAI by individual students. Individual use of each CAI differed and was associated with gender, MBTI preferences and learning style, but not with “computer literacy.” The majority of students found the CAI useful for learning and used the CAI by themselves. Students who accessed the CAI resources most frequently scored significantly higher on exams compared with students who never accessed the resources. Our results show that medical students do not uniformly use CAI developed for their curriculum and this variability is associated with various attributes of individual students. Our data also provide evidence of the importance of understanding student preferences and learning styles when implementing CAI into the curriculum. Anat Sci Ed 2:2–8, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
A simple dissection method for the conduction system of the human heart
Authors: Yanagawa Nariaki , Nakajima Yuji 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA simple dissection guide for the conduction system of the human heart is shown. The atrioventricular (AV) node, AV bundle, and right bundle branch were identified in a formaldehyde‐fixed human heart. The sinu‐atrial (SA) node could not be found, but the region in which SA node was contained was identified using the SA nodal artery. Gross anatomical observation of the conduction system is useful for understanding the structure and function of the heart. Anat Sci Ed 2:78–80, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Distribution sensitivity in a highway flow model
Authors: Ross Andrew M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe examine a model of traffic flow on a highway segment, where traffic can be impaired by random incidents (usually, collisions). Using analytical and numerical methods, we show the degree of sensitivity that the model exhibits to the distributions of service times (in the queueing model) and incident clearance times. Its sensitivity to the distribution of time until an incident is much less pronounced. Our analytical methods include an M/Gt/∞ analysis (Gt denotes a service process whose distribution changes with time) and a fluid approximation for an M/M/c queue with general distributions for the incident clearance times. Our numerical methods include M/PH2/c/K models with many servers and with phase‐type distributions for the time until an incident occurs or is cleared. We also investigate different time scalings for the rate of incident occurrence and clearance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of CSS/GPS sources with the Deep Space Network antennas in Madrid
Authors: Garcia‐Miro C. , Moll E. , Vazquez M. , Kuiper T.B.H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis contribution summarizes the antennas and receivers available at the Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex (MDSCC) and outlines the type of observations that can be performed to contribute to the study of the CSS/GPS sources. The last section provides guidelines on how to observe with the DSN antennas, and in particular at MDSCC (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure, spectra and variability of some GPS radio sources
Authors: Liu X. , Song H.‐G. , Cui L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe report the results of multifrequency‐VLBI observations of GHz‐Peaked‐Spectrum (GPS) radio sources. The VLBI structure and component spectra of some GPS sources are presented. Our VLBI results show that about 80% of the GPS galaxies exhibit a compact double or CSO‐like structure, while the GPS quasars tend to show a core‐jet. The component spectra of the GPS galaxies are often steep/convex, and the core has a flat spectrum but it is usually hidden or weak. In addition, we studied the variability of GPS sources by comparing new flux density measures, acquired with the Urumqi 25‐m telescope at 4.85 GHz, with previous 87GB data. The results show that 44% of the GPS quasars varied higher than 10% in passed 20 years, while the fraction is only 12% for the GPS galaxies meaning that the GPS quasars are much more variable than GPS galaxies. In total, 25% of GPS sources show >10% variability at 4.85 GHz in our sample (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The B3‐VLA CSS sample: Polarisation observations
Authors: Rossetti A. , Dallacasa D. , Fanti C. , Fanti R. , Mack K.‐H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNew polarisation WSRT data at 13 cm and earlier VLA data at 3.6, 6, and 21 cm, for 65 radio sources from the B3‐VLA CSS sample, enable a more reliable determination of integrated RM, and RM dispersion. We find that the RM dispersion shows a dependence on both z and LS. We discuss these dependences in terms of a depolarising Faraday curtain, with a King‐like distribution of the magneto‐ionic medium, which is produced by either a smooth or a clumpy medium (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High frequency GPS sources in the AT20G survey
Authors: Hancock P.J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Australia Telescope 20 GHz (AT20G) survey was used to select a complete sample of 656 Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources with spectral turnovers above 5 GHz. The AT20G has near simultaneous observations at 4.8, 8.6 and 20 GHz, which makes it possible to exclude flat spectrum variability as a cause of a source's peaked spectrum. Optical identification of the sample results in 361 QSOs and 104 galaxies and 191 blank fields. Redshifts are known for 104 of the GPS sources. The GPS sources from the AT20G are discussed and compared to previously known samples. The new sample of high frequency peaking GPS sources is found at a lower redshift than previous samples and to also have a lower 5 GHz radio power. Evidence is found to support the idea that the origin of the GPS spectral shape are intrinsically different for galaxies and QSOs. This paper is an elaboration and extension of the talk given at the 4th CSS/GPS conference in Riccione in May this year (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The lack of large compact symmetric objects
Authors: Augusto P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn recent years, ‘baby’ (<103 yr) and ‘young’ (103–105 yr) radio galaxies have been found and classified, although their numbers are still small (tens). Also, they have many different names, depending on the type of survey and scientific context in which they were found: compact steep spectrum sources (CSS), giga‐Hertz peaked spectrum sources (GPS) and compact‐medium symmetric objects (C‐MSO). The latter have the radio galaxy structure more obvious and correspond to the ‘babies’ (CSOs; < 1 kpc) and ‘young’ (MSOs; 1–15 kpc) radio galaxies. The log‐size distribution of CSOs shows a sharp drop at 0.3 kpc. This trend continues through flat‐spectrum MSOs (over the full 1–15 kpc size range). In order to find out if this lack of large CSOs and flat‐spectrum MSOs is due to poor sampling (lack of surveys that probe efficiently the 0.3–15 kpc size range) and/or has physical meaning (e.g. if the lobes of CSOs expand as they grow and age, they might become CSSs, ‘disappearing’ from the flat‐spectrum MSO statistics), we have built a sample of 157 flat‐spectrum radio sources with structure on ∼0.3–15 kpc scales. We are using new, archived and published data to produce and inspect hundreds of multi‐frequency multi‐instrument maps and models. We have already found 13 new secure CSO/MSOs. We expect to uncover ∼30–40 new CSOs and MSOs, most on the 0.3–15 kpc size range, when our project is complete (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From observations to physics: Cosmological evolution of radio galaxies
Authors: Kapińska A.D. , Kaiser C.R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRecent theoretical progress has allowed us to determine the influence of the intrinsic properties of radio galaxies and their environments on their luminosity and size evolution. There are still, however, considerable uncertainties regarding our understanding of radio source evolution, in particular the relationship between CSS and GPS sources and larger radio galaxies. Here, we present our preliminary results on the cosmological evolution of the entire radio galaxy population. We use recent analytical models for the dynamical and luminosity evolution of FR II radio galaxies to convert observational data into distributions of source properties such as pressure of the source lobes. As input parameters we use the observed P ‐D (radio power–linear size) diagrams built up from flux‐limited radio samples with complete redshift information. This allows us to examine the environments of evolving radio sources, and to shed more light on the (early) evolutionary tracks of radio galaxies (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Point Estimator for the Time Course of Drug Release
Authors: Koehne‐Voss Stephan , Pigeot Iris 
Published: February 2009

AbstractProcedures for deconvolution of pharmacokinetic data are routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry to determine drug release and absorption which is essential in designing optimized drug formulations. Although these procedures are described extensively in the pharmacokinetic literature, they have been studied less from a statistical point of view and variance estimation has not been addressed. We discuss the statistical properties of a numerical procedure for deconvolution. Based on a point‐area deconvolution method we define an estimator for the function that describes the time course of drug release from a drug formulation. Asymptotic distributions are derived and several methods of variance and interval estimation are compared (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An automated system for delivery of an unstable transcription factor to hematopoietic stem cell cultures
Authors: Csaszar Elizabeth , Gavigan Geneviève , Ungrin Mark , Thérien Cynthia , Dubé Pascale , Féthière James , Sauvageau Guy , Roy Denis Claude , Zandstra Peter W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn automated delivery system for cell culture applications would permit studying more complex culture strategies and simplify measures taken to expose cells to unstable molecules. We are interested in understanding how intracellular TAT‐HOXB4 protein concentration affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate; however, current manual dosing strategies of this unstable protein are labor intensive and produce wide concentration ranges which may not promote optimal growth. In this study we describe a programmable automated delivery system that was designed to integrate into a clinically relevant, single‐use, closed‐system bioprocess and facilitate transcription factor delivery studies. The development of a reporter cell assay allowed for kinetic studies to determine the intracellular (1.4 ± 0.2 h) and extracellular (3.7 ± 1.8 h and 78 ± 27 h at 37°C and 4°C, respectively) half‐lives of TAT‐HOXB4 activity. These kinetic parameters were incorporated into a mathematical model, which was used to predict the dynamic intracellular concentration of TAT‐HOXB4 and optimize the delivery of the protein. The automated system was validated for primary cell culture using human peripheral blood patient samples. Significant expansion of human primitive progenitor cells was obtained upon addition of TAT‐HOXB4 without user intervention. The delivery system is thus capable of being used as a clinically relevant tool for the exploration and optimization of temporally sensitive stem cell culture systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 402–412. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teaching Robotics with a reconfigurable 3D multibody dynamics simulator
Authors: Chiang Luciano E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe theoretical foundations of a software package used to teach Robotics by simulation of 3D multibody systems is described. The software called PADROB is based in a methodology that automatically assembles and solves the equations of motion of a 3D mechanism specified according to modeling conventions. The system of equations is time‐integrated to simulate the behavior of a multibody mechanism subject to a set of external forces and moments. Models are constructed by specifying bodies and connections (joints) between them, and they easily reconfigurable. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 108–116, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20202
Total Synthesis of Meloscine by a [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition/Ring‐Expansion Route
Authors: Selig Philipp , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Bach Thorsten 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe stereogenic centers at C3 and C12 of meloscine (3) can be established in the photochemical key step 1 → 2. 1,2‐retro‐Benzilic acid rearrangement to a five‐membered ring, reductive amination, Claisen rearrangement, and ring‐closing metathesis are further key steps in the transformation of cyclobutane 2 into the target molecule 3 (14 steps, 9 % overall yield). Enantioselective access to (+)‐meloscine was possible when the [2+2]‐photocycloaddition was conducted in the presence of a chiral template.magnified imageThe unusual monoterpenoid indole alkaloid meloscine was synthesized starting from a protected aminoethylquinolone in 15 steps and an overall yield of 9 %, employing a [2+2]‐photocycloaddition as the stereochemistry defining key step. After the initial plan of a Wagner–Meerwein type rearrangement of a [4.2.0]‐ into a [3.3.0]‐bicyclic substructure could not be realized, the required ring enlargement of a cyclobutane was eventually achieved by a retro‐benzilic acid rearrangement. Generation of the central pyrrolidine ring was possible by a three‐step reductive amination domino sequence. The final ring was built up by a ring‐closing metathesis after the last quaternary stereocenter had been constructed by a Johnson–Claisen rearrangement. The synthesis was concluded by a selenylation–elimination sequence to build up the exocyclic vinyl group of meloscine. Using our methodology for enantioselective [2+2]‐photocycloaddition mediated by a chiral complexation agent, the experimentally very simple synthesis could be performed in an enantioselective fashion (7 % overall yield). The enantioselective synthesis of (+)‐meloscine represents the first example of a natural product synthesis employing an enantioselective [2+2]‐photocycloaddition as its key step, and illustrates nicely the synthetic potential of photochemical transformations for the construction of complex heterocyclic structures.
Syntheses, Phase Behavior, Supramolecular Chirality, and Field‐Effect Carrier Mobility of Asymmetrically End‐Capped Mesogenic Oligothiophenes
Authors: Meng Qingwei , Sun Xiao‐Hua , Lu Zhengyu , Xia Ping‐Fang , Shi Zehua , Chen Dongzhong , Wong Man Shing , Wakim Salem , Lu Jianping , Baribeau Jean‐Marc , Tao Ye 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSupramolecular chirality and liquid crystalline OFET: Achiral end‐capped oligothiophenes can be tuned to exhibit supramolecular chirality with unique striped textures showing distinct circular dichroism signals as well as a highly ordered SmE phase that leads to high hole carrier mobility.magnified imageA novel series of asymmetrically end‐capped mesogenic oligothiophenes, with various oligothiophene core lengths, alkoxy tail lengths, and molecular polarities through introducing alkylsulfanyl or alkylsulfonyl functionalities as the terminal group, have been synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling and Kumada cross‐coupling reactions as key steps. For the single end‐capped oligothiophenes, CmO‐Ar‐OT(4)‐H in which m=10, 12, 14, 16, and 18, all of these oligomers exhibited a broad temperature range of highly ordered smectic E and enantiotropic nematic phases, apart from the one with the longest octadecyloxy tail. For the double end‐capped series C10O‐Ar‐OT(n)‐R, R=Ph‐SC6 or Ph‐SO2C6 in which n=1, 2, 3, and 4, oligomers with more than one thiophene ring exhibited smectic A and smectic C phases, various crystal polymorphs and/or unusual low‐temperature condensed phases. In the nonpolar, alkylsulfanylphenyl‐substituted oligothiophene series, both the crystal/solid melting point and mesogenic clear point increased significantly with an increasing oligothiophene conjugation length. In the polar, alkylsulfonylphenyl‐substituted oligothiophene series, all the oligomers showed increased melting points, but decreased mesogenic temperature intervals than those of their corresponding alkylsulfanyl counterparts. Remarkably, two different helical structures showing distinct striated textures or striped patterns were observed with a pitch of several to tens of micrometers under a polarized optical microscope upon cooling from their preceding fluidic smectic phases. The unusual twisted smectic layer structures in the thin solid films exhibiting distinct supramolecular chirality of both handednesses, revealed by circular dichroism measurements, were further confirmed by XRD analyses characterized by a sharp layer reflection together with its higher orders and diffuse wide‐angle scatterings. In addition, initial studies showed that the highly ordered smectic phase of the single end‐capped oligothiophenes can be utilized to improve field‐effect charge mobility. C10O‐Ar‐OT(4)‐H showed a hole mobility of 0.07 cm2 V−1 s−1 when deposited on octyltrichlorosilane‐treated substrates at 140 °C and the on/off current ratios reached 5×105; on the other hand, its mobility was only 8×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 on the same substrate when deposited at room temperature.
Highly Enantioselective Zinc/Amino Alcohol‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Zhong Jiang‐Chun , Hou Shi‐Cong , Bian Qing‐Hua , Yin Min‐Min , Na Ri‐Song , Zheng Bing , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Liu Shang‐Zhong , Wang Min 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMeeting the challenge: The zinc/amino alcohol catalyzed enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to aldehydes is effective with both phenylacetylene and methyl propiolate, leading to chiral secondary propargyl alcohols with very high enantioselectivity (see scheme).magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Chemistry of Modified [MFe3S4] and [M2Fe2S4] Clusters: Assessment of Trends in Electronic Structure and Properties
Authors: Jensen Kasper P. , Ooi Bee‐Lean , Christensen Hans E. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of LnRhZn (Ln: La Ce, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Hermes Wilfried , Al Alam A. F. , Matar Samir F. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Quasi Binary System BaAu—BaPt.
Authors: Saltykov Vyacheslav , Nuss Juergen , Konuma Mitsuharu , Jansen Martin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of NiIICrIII Layered Double Hydroxide Materials.
Authors: Almansa Juan J. , Coronado Eugenio , Marti‐Gastaldo Carlos , Ribera Antonio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of the R2CuGe6 (R: Gd, Tb, Dy, Er) Ternary Compounds.
Authors: Kaczorowski D. , Konyk M. , Szytula A. , Romaka L. , Bodak O. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Structure of the Inverse Perovskite (Ce3N)In.
Authors: Gaebler Frank , Schnelle Walter , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Niewa Rainer 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.