bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal CT‐based finite element analyses provide objective fracture healing measures in an ovine tibia model
Authors: Hetreau Carla , Mischler Dominic , Schlatter Jérôme , Valenti Alessia , Ernst Manuela , Varga Peter , Schwarzenberg Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeasuring the healing status of a bone fracture is important to determine the clinical care a patient receives. Implantable devices can directly and continuously assess the healing status of fracture fixation constructs, while subject‐specific virtual biomechanical tests can noninvasively determine callus structural integrity at single time points. Despite their potential for objectification, both methods are not yet integrated into clinical practice with further evidence of their benefits required. This study correlated continuous data from an implantable sensor assessing healing status through implant load monitoring with computer tomography (CT) based longitudinal finite element (FE) simulations in a large animal model. Eight sheep were part of a previous preclinical study utilizing a tibial osteotomy model and equipped with such a sensor. Sensor signal was collected over several months, and CT scans were acquired at six interim time points. For each scan, two FE analyses were performed: a virtual torsional rigidity test of the bone and a model of the bone‐implant construct with the sensor. The longitudinal simulation results were compared to the sensor data at corresponding time points and a cohort‐specific empirical healing rule was employed. Healing status predicted by both in silico simulations correlated significantly with the sensor data at corresponding time points and correctly identified a delayed and a nonunion in the cohort. The methodology is readily translatable with the potential to be applied to further preclinical or clinical cohorts to find generalizable healing criteria. Virtual mechanical tests can objectively measure fracture healing progressing using longitudinal CT scans.
EResNet‐SVM: an overfitting‐relieved deep learning model for recognition of plant diseases and pests
Authors: Xiong Haitao , Li Juan , Wang Tiewei , Zhang Fan , Wang Ziyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe accurate recognition and early warning for plant diseases and pests are a prerequisite of intelligent prevention and control for plant diseases and pests. As a result of the phenotype similarity of the hazarded plant after plant diseases and pests occur, as well as the interference of the external environment, traditional deep learning models often face the overfitting problem in phenotype recognition of plant diseases and pests, which leads to not only the slow convergence speed of the network, but also low recognition accuracy.RESULTSMotivated by the above problems, the present study proposes a deep learning model EResNet‐support vector machine (SVM) to alleviate the overfitting for the recognition and classification of plant diseases and pests. First, the feature extraction capability of the model is improved by increasing feature extraction layers in the convolutional neural network. Second, the order‐reduced modules are embedded and a sparsely activated function is introduced to reduce model complexity and alleviate overfitting. Finally, a classifier fused by SVM and fully connected layers are introduced to transforms the original non‐linear classification problem into a linear classification problem in high‐dimensional space to further alleviate the overfitting and improve the recognition accuracy of plant diseases and pests. The ablation experiments further demonstrate that the fused structure can effectively alleviate the overfitting and improve the recognition accuracy. The experimental recognition results for typical plant diseases and pests show that the proposed EResNet‐SVM model has 99.30% test accuracy for eight conditions (seven plant diseases and one normal), which is 5.90% higher than the original ResNet18. Compared with the classic AlexNet, GoogLeNet, Xception, SqueezeNet and DenseNet201 models, the accuracy of the EResNet‐SVM model has improved by 5.10%, 7%, 8.10%, 6.20% and 1.90%, respectively. The testing accuracy of the EResNet‐SVM model for 6 insect pests is 100%, which is 3.90% higher than that of the original ResNet18 model.CONCLUSIONThis research provides not only useful references for alleviating the overfitting problem in deep learning, but also a theoretical and technical support for the intelligent detection and control of plant diseases and pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analyzing Vocal Fold Frequency Dynamics Using High‐Speed 3D Laser Video Endoscopy
Authors: Patel Rita R. , Döllinger Michael , Jakubaß Bernhard , Pinhack Hanna , Katz Ute , Semmler Marion 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo examine changes in lateral and vertical vibratory motion along the anterior, middle, and posterior sections of the vocal folds, as a function of vocal frequency variations.MethodsAbsolute measurements of vocal fold surface dynamics from high‐speed videoendoscopy with custom laser endoscope were made on 23 vocally healthy adults during sustained /i:/ production at 10%, 20%, and 80% of pitch range. The 3D parameters of amplitude (mm), maximum velocity opening/closing (mm/s), and mean velocity opening/closing (mm/s) were computed for the lateral and vertical vibratory motion along the anterior, middle, and posterior sections of the vocal folds. Linear mixed model analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in (a) vocal frequency levels (high vs. normal vs. low pitch), (b) axis level (vertical vs. lateral), (c) position level (anterior vs. middle vs. posterior), and (d) gender differences (male vs. female).ResultsOverall, the superior surface vertical motion of the vocal fold is greater compared with the lateral motion, especially in males. Along the superior surface, the mean and maximum closing velocities are greater posteriorly for low pitch. The location (anterior, middle, and posterior) along the superior surface is relevant only for vocal fold closing rather than opening, as the dynamics are different along the various locations.ConclusionsThe study highlights the significance of assessing the vertical motion of the superior surface of the vocal fold to understand the complex dynamics of voice production.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3267–3276, 2024
A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems
Authors: Marjadi Meghna N. , Batchelder Sidney , Govostes Ryan , Roy Allison H. , Sheppard John J. , Slocombe Meghan‐Grace , Llopiz Joel K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiadromous fishes migrate between marine and fresh waters for reproduction. For anadromous species, which spawn in freshwater, improved access to freshwater spawning and nursery habitats and ability of juveniles to emigrate to the ocean may support population recovery. Despite the potentially enormous influence of early life stage survival on adult population size, managers and scientists have limited capacity to assess numbers of juvenile anadromous fishes leaving freshwater ecosystems. Such data are critical for evaluating reproductive success and habitat suitability and have been identified as a top priority in anadromous fish research and management. We developed a state‐of‐the‐art underwater video and computational system to collect videos to estimate abundances and migration timing for juvenile river herring (Alosa pseudoharengus; Alosa aestivalis). We collected continuous video in the Monument River (Bourne, Massachusetts, USA) from June to November 2017. We trained three types of neural network models to detect and count fish in video frames and evaluated model performance by comparing human counts to model outputs. Our top model assessed presence and absence (F1 = 87%) and counted fish (counting error 9.4%) with an accuracy comparable to human counters (F1 = 88%). Our system's capability to collect accurate counts of emigrating juveniles will provide critical information that could be related to the numbers of spawning adults, system‐specific productivity, and spawning and nursery habitat suitability. Both the video collection system and computational model may be transferrable to other sites and for other species where tracking juvenile emigration may inform management efforts.
A Design of Transesterification Vitrimers with Variable Fractions of Network Defects and the Creep Characteristics
Authors: Inaba Takaya , Hayashi Mikihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVitrimer materials have attained great interest owing to their sustainable functions and distinctive physical properties. Compared with conventional cross‐linked materials, the thermoplastic‐like nature, such as the stress relaxation and creep at high temperatures, is outstanding, which is owing to the activation of the bond exchange in the cross‐linked network. The activation temperature of the bond exchange, so‐called topology freezing temperature (Tv), are treated as the important material parameters, and non‐isothermal (i.e., temperature‐ramp) creep test is one of the method to determine the Tv. This study investigates effects of network defects, that is, the breaking point of network connectivity, on the creep and Tv. The transesterification vitrimer samples with varying fraction of the network defects are designed using thiol‐epoxy click reaction, where the overall fraction of the bond exchange units, that is, the ester bond and hydroxyl group, is kept constant. Non‐isothermal creep tests are conducted with varying temperature‐ramp rate and applied stress levels, and the difference of Tv and creep behaviors at T > Tv are discussed in terms of network strand diffusion during bond exchange and chain elongation under stress.
Effects of color variation and physiological state on ascidian microbiomes
Authors: Morrison Samantha K. , Erwin Patrick M. , López‐Legentil Susanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAscidians, known for their color variation, host species‐specific microbial symbiont communities. Some ascidians can also transition into a nonfiltering (resting) physiological state. Recent studies suggest that the microbial symbiont communities may vary across different physiological states and color morphs of the host. The colonial ascidian, Polyclinum constellatum, which exhibits several color morphs in the Caribbean Sea, periodically ceases its filtering activity. To investigate if color variation in P. constellatum is indicative of sibling speciation, we sequenced fragments of the ribosomal 18S rRNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes. Additionally, we sequenced a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the microbial communities of two common color morphs (red and green) in colonies that were either actively filtering (active) or nonfiltering (resting). Phylogenetic analyses of both ascidian genes resulted in well‐supported monophyletic clades encompassing all color variants of P. constellatum. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed among the microbial communities of the green and red morphs, suggesting that color variation in this species is a result of intraspecific variation. However, the host's physiological state significantly influenced the microbial community structure. Nonfiltering (resting) colonies hosted higher relative abundances of Kiloniella (Alphaproteobacteria) and Fangia (Gammaproteobacteria), while filtering colonies hosted more Reugeria (Alphaproteobacteria) and Endozoicomonas (Gammaproteobacteria). This study demonstrates that microbial symbiont communities serve as reliable indicators of the taxonomic state of their host and are strongly influenced by the host's feeding condition.
A spaceborne broadband circularly polarized conformal antenna for UHF band applications
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Liu Min , Lu Fan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA Spaceborne broadband circularly polarized conformal antenna for ultra high frequency band is presented. The antenna mounted on the outer surface of the circular arc spherical cone satellite works in 390–450 MHz frequency band, and has the characteristics of broadband, light miniature. The measured results for the antenna demonstrate an impedance bandwidth of 32.5% from 360 to 500 MHz, an axial ratio bandwidth of 27.2% from 380 to 500 MHz, and a peak gain of 6.7 dBic. The antenna form can be applied to the field of broadband circularly polarized conformal antenna on satellite and missile, and has a wide application prospect.
Medical Maintenance Therapy Following Laser Excision in Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (GPA)‐Associated Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Aden Aisha A. , Awadallah Andrew S. , Xie Katherine Z. , Wallerius Katherine P. , O'Byrne Thomas J. , Bowen Andrew J. , Edell Eric S. , Bayan Semirra L. , Ekbom Dale C. , Koster Matthew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report on a series of patients with cANCA/PR3‐positive, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)‐associated subglottic stenosis (SGS) and evaluate response to medical maintenance therapy with rituximab versus other immunosuppressants following initial endoscopic laser excision.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients with SGS and cANCA/PR3‐positive GPA who received immunosuppressive maintenance therapy following endoscopic laser excision at our institution from June 1989 to March 2020 was performed. Data pertaining to patient demographics, clinical features, medications, and endoscopic laser procedures were collected.ResultsA total of 27 patients (15 women) with mean age (range) of 40 (19‐59) years and mean (range) follow‐up of 12.6 years (1.5‐28.6) were identified. Sixteen patients (60%) had limited GPA. Six patients (24%) had previously received local intervention with open surgery (n = 1, 4%) or endoscopic techniques (n = 5, 20%). All patients experienced symptom improvement following initial CO2 laser excision at our institution without any procedural complications or adverse events. Following initial laser excision, 15 patients (60%) were treated with rituximab and 10 patients (40%) were treated with nonrituximab immunosuppressive agents. Patients treated with rituximab were less likely to recur (P = 0.040). Limited GPA was associated with an increased incidence of recurrence (P = 0.031). Median time (years) to recurrence (range) was 3.2 (0.3‐19.3) and was not significantly associated with treatment or GPA subtype.ConclusionEndoscopic CO2 laser excision is a safe and effective local intervention for GPA‐associated SGS. Medical maintenance therapy with rituximab reduces risk of recurrence following initial laser excision relative to treatment with non‐rituximab agents.
Recalcitrant Stenosis Following Pediatric LTR: Contributing Factors and Clinical Impact
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel , Leonard James A. , Behzadpour Hengameh , Zalzal George , Preciado Diego 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesLaryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) has revolutionized the management of pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS). However, postoperative stenosis remains a difficult hurdle to overcome. Our goal is to determine the clinical impact of recalcitrant stenosis after LTR and the factors contributing to postoperative stenosis.Study DesignRetrospective review of 181 open LTR patients between 2008 and 2021.SettingStand‐alone tertiary children's hospital.MethodsRecalcitrant stenosis was defined as new or worsening stenosis despite open LTR. Fisher's exact and Mann‐Whitney tests were used to detect differences in categorical and continuous clinical data between patients with and without treatment‐resistant stenosis. Time‐to‐decannulation analysis of both groups was performed using Kaplan‐Meier analysis and evaluated with log‐rank and Cox proportional hazards regression. Multivariate logistical regression was used to assess the validity of associations found in univariate analysis.ResultsAs expected, the 27 patients with postoperative stenosis were less likely to be decannulated (P < .001, Fisher's Exact), more likely to require a postoperative tracheostomy (P < .001, Fisher's Exact) or revision LTR (P < .001, Fisher's Exact) and had prolonged time to decannulation (P < .001, Log‐rank). Children with Grade IV SGS (P = .004, Fisher's Exact), and those with longer suprastomal stent duration (P = .03, Fisher's Exact) were more likely to suffer from recalcitrant stenosis. Stent duration longer than 4 weeks (P = .01) contributed to refractory stenosis when controlling for all aforementioned variables using multivariable logistic regression. Interposition grafts had a protective effect (P = .005).ConclusionMaintaining suprastomal stents over 4 weeks after LTR increases the risk for postoperative stenosis and its sequelae.Level of Evidence4
Assessing Postoperative Phosphate and Calcium/Phosphate Ratio as Surrogates for Parathyroid Hormone Following Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Kappauf Catharine , Gold Brandon , Gonzalez‐Velazquez Camilo , Xing Monica H. , O'Malley Quinn F. , Sandler Mykayla , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate utility of postoperative phosphate and calcium/phosphate ratio (Ca/P) as surrogates for parathyroid hormone (PTH) following total thyroidectomy.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care hospital.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients 18 years or older who underwent total thyroidectomy in a tertiary care hospital by a single surgeon from 2015 through 2021. Patients with incomplete data, pre‐existing hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or renal failure were excluded. All patients had PTH drawn within 4 hours of surgery and serum calcium, albumin, and phosphate levels on postoperative Day 1. Corrected calcium was used to calculate a Ca/P. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare phosphate level or Ca/P with PTH. Each possible surrogate was assessed relative to PTH cutoffs of less than 5, 10, 15, and 20 pg/mL. A good screening test was defined as having an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.8.ResultsA total of 185 patients underwent total thyroidectomy with 1 fellowship‐trained otolaryngologist. Most patients were female (62%), median age 48 years. Most surgeries were performed for cancer (68%). Six (3.2%) patients required IV calcium supplementation and 2 (1.1%) required readmission for symptomatic hypocalcemia. ROC curves comparing phosphate and Ca/P to PTH at the listed cutoffs demonstrated AUC ranging from 0.55 to 0.66 and 0.61 to 0.79, respectively. None met the threshold for a good screening test.ConclusionPostoperative phosphate and Ca/P ratio are not surrogates for PTH levels following total thyroidectomy. More research is needed to identify cost‐effective strategies for postoperative calcium monitoring in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.Level of evidenceRetrospective cohort study.
Patterns and Trends in Adjuvant Therapy for Major Salivary Gland Cancer
Authors: Patel Aman M. , Haleem Afash , Choudhry Hassaam S. , Povolotskiy Roman , Roden Dylan F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate adjuvant therapy indications, utilization, and associated survival disparities in major salivary gland cancer (MSGC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe 2006 to 2017 National Cancer Database.MethodsPatients with surgically resected MSGC were included (N = 11,398). pT3‐4 classification, pN2‐3 classification, lymphovascular invasion, pathologic extranodal extension (pENE), and positive surgical margin (PSM) were considered indications for adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT). pENE and PSM were considered possible indications for adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were implemented.ResultsAmong 6694 patients with 1 indication for aRT, 1906 (28.5%) received no further treatment and missed aRT. Age, race, comorbidity status, facility type, and distance to reporting facility were associated with missed aRT (P < .025). Among 4003 patients with ≥1 possible indication for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (aCRT), 914 (22.8%) received aCRT. Patients with pENE only (38.5%) and both pENE and PSM (44.0%) received aCRT more frequently than those with PSM only (17.0%) (P < .001). Academic facility was associated with aCRT utilization (P < .05). aCRT utilization increased between 2006 and 2017 in both academic (14.8% vs 23.9%) and nonacademic (8.8% vs 13.5%) facilities (P < .05). Among 2691 patients with ≥1 indication for aRT alone, missed aRT portended poorer OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28‐2.03, P < .001). Among 4003 patients with ≥1 possible indication for aCRT, aRT alone (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89‐1.18, P = .780) and aCRT were associated with similar OS.ConclusionMissed aRT in MSGC occurs frequently and portends poorer OS. Further studies clarifying indications for aCRT are required.
Mechanics behavior and failure mechanism of the intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rod
Authors: Zhang Yanwen , Che Jiaqi , Pei Dongdong , Wang Hanxiang , Zhang Jin , Li Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe carbon/glass hybrid rod exhibits high tensile strength, light weight, and strong corrosion resistance. However, the bottleneck of interlayer splitting exists in the interlayer hybrid rod, severely impeding safe operation. To solve the problem of rod splitting, this paper proposed a new scheme of an intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rod. Based on the material constitutive model, a full‐scale simulation model was developed. The stress distribution and deformation of the hybrid rod were analyzed and the progressive damage mechanism of the hybrid rod was explained. The results indicated that, for the intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rod, (a) the ultimate experimental tensile load witnessed a significant increase, rising by 14.0% from 452.4 to 515.7 kN compared to the interlayer hybrid rod; (b) the numerical model predicted the tensile load of 525.9 kN, with an error of 1.9% compared to the test result, meeting engineering accuracy requirements; (c) the elastic deformation stage saw a 146.7% increase from 280.2 to 691.3 MPa in the maximum axial stress of the carbon‐fiber layer, and a 120% increase from 89.8 to 198.0 MPa in the maximum radial stress of the glass fiber layer as the tensile displacement increased from 0.16 to 0.32 mm. In conclusion, the intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rod proposed in this paper can significantly improve the tensile strength compared to the interlayer hybrid rod, which can accelerate the application of carbon/glass hybrid rods in oil and gas fields.Highlights
According to the problem of interlayer splitting in the interlayer carbon/glass hybrid rods, a novel scheme of an intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rod was proposed.
Based on the material constitutive model, a full‐scale simulation model of an intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rod was developed to analyze the stress distribution and deformation response under tensile load.
The dynamic progressive damage analysis method for intralayer carbon/glass hybrid rods was proposed to reveal the damage evolution mechanism.