bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regions on Gli349 and Gli521 Protein Molecules Directly Involved in Movements of
Mycoplasma mobile
Gliding Machinery, Suggested by Use of Inhibitory Antibodies and Mutants
Authors: Uenoyama Atsuko , Seto Shintaro , Nakane Daisuke , Miyata Makoto 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma mobile
glides on solid surfaces by use of a unique mechanism that involves two large proteins, Gli349 and Gli521. Here we isolated and analyzed two antibodies and three mutants that modified mycoplasma gliding. Mapping of the target points of antibodies and mutations currently available suggested that a 301-amino-acid region on the whole 3,138-amino-acid sequence, a C-terminal region of Gli349, and an N-terminal region of Gli521 are directly involved in the movements of the gliding machinery.
Cystathionine γ-Lyase Is a Component of Cystine-Mediated Oxidative Defense in
Lactobacillus reuteri
BR11
Authors: Lo Raquel , Turner Mark S. , Barry Daniel G. , Sreekumar Revathy , Walsh Terence P. , Giffard Philip M. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus reuteri
BR11 possesses a novel mechanism of oxidative defense involving an abundant cystine ABC transporter encoded by the
cyuABC
gene cluster. Large amounts of thiols, including H
2
S, are secreted upon cystine uptake by the CyuC transporter. A cystathionine γ-lyase (
cgl
) gene is cotranscribed with the
cyu
genes in several
L. reuteri
strains and was hypothesized to participate in cystine-mediated oxidative defense by producing reducing equivalents. This hypothesis was tested with
L. reuteri
BR11 by constructing a
cgl
mutant (PNG901) and comparing it to a similarly constructed
cyuC
mutant (PNG902). Although Cgl was required for H
2
S production from cystine, it was not crucial for oxidative defense in de Mann-Rogosa-Sharpe medium, in contrast to CyuC, whose inactivation resulted in lag-phase arrest in aerated cultures. The importance of Cgl in oxidative defense was seen only in the presence of hemin, which poses severe oxidative stress. The growth defects in aerated cultures of both mutants were alleviated by supplementation with cysteine (and cystine in the
cgl
mutant) but not methionine, with the
cyuC
mutant showing a much higher concentration requirement. We conclude that
L. reuteri
BR11 requires a high concentration of exogenous cysteine/cystine to grow optimally under aerobic conditions. This requirement is fulfilled by the abundant CyuC transporter, which has probably arisen due to the broad substrate specificity of Cgl, resulting in a futile pathway which degrades cystine taken up by the CyuC transporter to H
2
S. Cgl plays a secondary role in oxidative defense by its well-documented function of cysteine biosynthesis.
A prospective cohort study on physical activity and sports-related injuries in 10–12-year-old children
Authors: Verhagen E , Collard D , Paw M Chin A , van Mechelen W 
Published: January 2009

Objectives:To describe the incidence and severity of injuries resulting from physical education, sports and leisure time physical activity (PA) in 10–12-year-old children.Design:This was a prospective cohort study conducted in primary schools, with 995 children aged 10–12 years old as participants. Individual weekly exposure was estimated from baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Exposure to physical education (PE) classes was equal in all schools. An injury was recorded if it occurred during either PE class, leisure time PA, or sports, and caused the child to at least stop the current activity. Injuries were reported within 1 week of injury onset. The main outcome measure was injury incidence density.Results:During the school year a total of 119 injuries were reported by 104 children, resulting in an overall injury incidence density (ID) of 0.48 per 1000 h of exposure (95% CI 0.38 to 0.57). Injury ID was lowest for leisure time PA, followed by PE and sports, respectively. Of all injuries, 40% required medical treatment and 14% resulted in 1 or more days of absence from regular school activities. In general for girls a higher injury ID was reported than for boys, mainly caused by a twofold higher risk during leisure time PA.Conclusions:Next to specific areas of preventive interest it was found that in this specific age group, girls require special attention as they seem to be at higher injury risk than boys.
THE ISOPERIMETRIC METHOD IN NON-ABELIAN GROUPS WITH AN APPLICATION TO OPTIMALLY SMALL SUMSETS
Authors: BALANDRAUD ÉRIC 
Published: January 2009

Set addition theory is born a few decades ago from additive number theory. Several difficult issues, more combinatorial in nature than algebraic, have been revealed. In particular, computing the values taken by the function: [Formula: see text] where G is a given group does not seem easy in general. Some successive results, using Kneser's Theorem, allowed the determination of the values of this function, provided that the group G is abelian. Recently, a method called isoperimetric, has been developed by Hamidoune and allowed new proofs and generalizations of the classical theorems in additive number theory. For instance, a new interpretation of the isoperimetric method has been able to give a new proof of Kneser's Theorem. The purpose of this article is to adapt this last proof in a non-abelian group, in order to give new values of the function μG, for some solvable groups and alternating groups. These values allow us in particular to answer negatively a question asked in the literature on the μG functions.
Angio-Seal Use in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (ASPIRE)
Authors: Katzenschlager Reinhold , Tischler Reinhold , Kalchhauser Georg , Panny Michael , Hirschl Mirko 
Published: January 2009

Purpose To investigate the incidence of complications after the use of an arterial closure device (Angio-Seal) in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods In 105 consecutive patients after transfemoral catheterization, the puncture site was closed using a closure device (Angio-Seal). Colourflow-duplexsonography studies were conducted 1 to 4 days before, within 3 days after and 3 month after the intervention. Results All patients had peripheral arterial disease, 34 had calcification at the puncture site. Detection of calcification did not prevent device deployment. Complications (2 minor bleedings, 1 pseudoaneurysm) were not associated with high risk groups (these were: 69 antegrade punctures, 22 obese and 32 hypertensive patients). Three-month postinterventional diameter and blood velocity changes were <1%. Conclusions Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the region of the puncture site and patients at higher complication risk can safely and effectively be closed with an Angio-Seal device. At the puncture site, no lumen change can be observed 3 months postinterventional.
Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition up-regulates mouse kidney growth arrest specific-6 protein and the AXL subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases
Authors: Pei Chia Eng  , Chua Wendy Chen-Nee , Suk Peng Chew Valerie , Wong Peter Tsun Hon , Jian Lin Yin  , Hambly Brett , McLachlan Craig Steven 
Published: January 2009

Introduction. Growth arrest specific-6 (GAS-6), a vitamin K-dependent protein, is a potential mediator in progressive and chronic renal disease, specifically as a mediator of abnormal mesangial cell proliferation. Nitric oxide and angiotensin II affect mesangial cell proliferation. However, an association between nitric oxide synthase or angiotensin II on GAS-6 expression in the kidney has not previously been examined. Thus, our aim was to examine the effects of antihypertensive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the kidney expression of GAS-6 and its receptors AXL, MER and RSE. Methods. Four groups of adult male C57BL/6J mice were studied: group 1, untreated controls (tap water for six weeks); group 2, treated orally with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.325 mg/ml for six weeks); group 3, treated orally with captopril (0.6875 mg/ml for six weeks); group 4, co-treated orally with L-NAME and captopril (same doses for six weeks).At the end of the study, kidneys were placed in fixative and processed to paraffin for immunohistochemical staining. Results. GAS-6 and its receptors were not present in control and L-NAME-treated mice. Positive GAS-6 staining was detectable only in those mice receiving some form of chronic dosing with captopril, whether they were treated with captopril only or with captopril and L-NAME. Immunohistochemical detection across cases for MER and RSE was rare, whereas AXL-positive staining in the kidney mirrored GAS-6 staining/expression.The staining of GAS6 and AXL was predominantly localised to the renal tubular cells. Conclusions. These findings suggest that GAS-6 may not be a final common pathway for nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced renal disease. Renal tubular GAS-6 expression following captopril treatment was unexpected and could be beneficial in preventing tubular atrophy following the onset of persistent systemic hypertension.
Up- and down-regulation of angiotensin II AT1-A and AT1-B receptors in afferent and efferent rat kidney arterioles
Authors: Razga Zsolt , Nyengaard Jens Randel 
Published: January 2009

Introduction. The contractile effect of angiotensin II via AT1 receptors on the kidney arterioles is a crucial element in the kidney microcirculation.Angiotensin II also plays a role as an inhibitor via the AT1 receptors in the renin granulation of the arterioles.We have previously demonstrated that the AT1 receptors are downregulated in the renin-positive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in contrast to renin-negative SMCs. In this study, we estimated the numbers of the AT1 receptor sub-types separately in the afferent and efferent arterioles and the renin-positive and renin-negative SMCs. Methods. The immunohistochemical signals of theAT1-A and AT1-B receptors were counted by stereological methods.1 Results. The number of AT1-B receptors in the efferent arterioles (expressed in signals/µm 3; mean (CV): 0.32 (0.33)) was significantly higher (78%; p<0.05) as compared with the number in the afferent arterioles (0.18 (0.11)). No differences were found in the AT1-A receptors. In a number ofAT 1-A receptors, significant differences (p<0.01) were detected between the afferent arteriolar renin-positive SMCs (0.13 (0.36)) and the number in renin-negative SMCs (0.25 (0.34)).The AT1-B receptors did not display any differences. Conclusions. These results indicate that the AT1 receptor sub-types are regulated independently in the SMCs of the normal kidney arterioles.
Improved outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation due to breastfeeding-induced tolerance to maternal antigens
Authors: Aoyama Kazutoshi , Koyama Motoko , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Hashimoto Daigo , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Harada Mine , Akashi Koichi , Tanimoto Mitsune , Teshima Takanori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractExposure of offspring to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) during pregnancy may have an impact on transplantations performed later in life. Using a mouse model, we recently showed that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from NIMA-exposed offspring to the mother led to a reduction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Since offspring can also be exposed to NIMAs by breastfeeding after birth, we tested whether breast milk could mediate the tolerogenic NIMA effect. We found that oral exposure to NIMAs by breastfeeding alone was sufficient to reduce GVHD, and that in utero exposure to NIMAs is required for maximum reduction of GVHD. The tolerogenic milk effects disappeared when donor mice were injected with CD25 monoclonal antibodies during the lactation period, suggesting a CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell–dependent mechanism. Our results suggest a previously unknown impact of breastfeeding on the outcome of transplantation.
p21-activated kinase regulates mast cell degranulation via effects on calcium mobilization and cytoskeletal dynamics
Authors: Allen Jayme D. , Jaffer Zahara M. , Park Su-Jung , Burgin Sarah , Hofmann Clemens , Sells Mary Ann , Chen Shi , Derr-Yellin Ethel , Michels Elizabeth G. , McDaniel Andrew , Bessler Waylan K. , Ingram David A. , Atkinson Simon J. , Travers Jeffrey B. , Chernoff Jonathan , Clapp D. Wade 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMast cells are key participants in allergic diseases via activation of high-affinity IgE receptors (FcϵRI) resulting in release of proinflammatory mediators. The biochemical pathways linking IgE activation to calcium influx and cytoskeletal changes required for intracellular granule release are incompletely understood. We demonstrate, genetically, that Pak1 is required for this process. In a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis experiment, Wsh/Wsh mast cell–deficient mice locally reconstituted with Pak1−/− bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) experienced strikingly decreased allergen-induced vascular permeability compared with controls. Consistent with the in vivo phenotype, Pak1−/− BMMCs exhibited a reduction in FcϵRI-induced degranulation. Further, Pak1−/− BMMCs demonstrated diminished calcium mobilization and altered depolymerization of cortical filamentous actin (F-actin) in response to FcϵRI stimulation. These data implicate Pak1 as an essential molecular target for modulating acute mast cell responses that contribute to allergic diseases.
Genome sequence analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains associated with gastric ulceration and gastric cancer
Authors: McClain Mark S , Shaffer Carrie L , Israel Dawn A , Peek Richard M , Cover Timothy L 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundPersistent colonization of the human stomach byHelicobacter pyloriis associated with asymptomatic gastric inflammation (gastritis) and an increased risk of duodenal ulceration, gastric ulceration, and non-cardia gastric cancer. In previous studies, the genome sequences ofH. pyloristrains from patients with gastritis or duodenal ulcer disease have been analyzed. In this study, we analyzed the genome sequences of anH. pyloristrain (98-10) isolated from a patient with gastric cancer and anH. pyloristrain (B128) isolated from a patient with gastric ulcer disease.ResultsBased on multilocus sequence typing, strain 98-10 was most closely related toH. pyloristrains of East Asian origin and strain B128 was most closely related to strains of European origin. Strain 98-10 contained multiple features characteristic of East Asian strains, including a type s1cvacAallele and acagAallele encoding an EPIYA-D tyrosine phosphorylation motif. A core genome of 1237 genes was present in all five strains for which genome sequences were available. Among the 1237 core genes, a subset of alleles was highly divergent in the East Asian strain 98-10, encoding proteins that exhibited <90% amino acid sequence identity compared to corresponding proteins in the other four strains. Unique strain-specific genes were identified in each of the newly sequenced strains, and a set of strain-specific genes was shared amongH. pyloristrains associated with gastric cancer or premalignant gastric lesions.ConclusionThese data provide insight into the diversity that exists amongH. pyloristrains from diverse clinical and geographic origins. Highly divergent alleles and strain-specific genes identified in this study may represent useful biomarkers for analyzing geographic partitioning ofH. pyloriand for identifying strains capable of inducing malignant or premalignant gastric lesions.
Mining for single nucleotide polymorphisms in pig genome sequence data
Authors: Kerstens Hindrik HD , Kollers Sonja , Kommadath Arun , del Rosario Marisol , Dibbits Bert , Kinders Sylvia M , Crooijmans Richard P , Groenen Martien AM 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are ideal genetic markers due to their high abundance and the highly automated way in which SNPs are detected and SNP assays are performed. The number of SNPs identified in the pig thus far is still limited.ResultsA total of 4.8 million whole genome shotgun sequences obtained from the NCBI trace-repository with center name "SDJVP", and project name "Sino-Danish Pig Genome Project" were analysed for the presence of SNPs. Available BAC and BAC-end sequences and their naming and mapping information, all obtained from SangerInstitute FTP site, served as a rough assembly of a reference genome. In 1.2 Gb of pig genome sequence, we identified 98,151 SNPs in which one of the sequences in the alignment represented the polymorphism and 6,374 SNPs in which two sequences represent an identical polymorphism. To benchmark the SNP identification method, 163 SNPs, in which the polymorphism was represented twice in the sequence alignment, were selected and tested on a panel of three purebred boar lines and wild boar. Of these 163 in silico identified SNPs, 134 were shown to be polymorphic in our animal panel.ConclusionThis SNP identification method, which mines for SNPs in publicly available porcine shotgun sequences repositories, provides thousands of high quality SNPs. Benchmarking in an animal panel showed that more than 80% of the predicted SNPs represented true genetic variation.
Cytokinesis is blocked in mammalian cells transfected with Chlamydia trachomatis gene CT223
Authors: Alzhanov Damir T , Weeks Sara K , Burnett Jeffrey R , Rockey Daniel D 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
The chlamydiae alter many aspects of host cell biology, including the division process, but the molecular biology of these alterations remains poorly characterized. Chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) are likely candidates for direct interactions with host cell cytosolic proteins, as they are secreted to the inclusion membrane and exposed to the cytosol. The inc gene CT223 is one of a sequential set of orfs that encode or are predicted to encode Inc proteins. CT223p is localized to the inclusion membrane in all tested C. trachomatis serovars.

Results
A plasmid transfection approach was used to examine the function of the product of CT223 and other Inc proteins within uninfected mammalian cells. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that CT223, and, to a lesser extent, adjacent inc genes, are capable of blocking host cell cytokinesis and facilitating centromere supranumeracy defects seen by others in chlamydiae-infected cells. Both phenotypes were associated with transfection of plasmids encoding the carboxy-terminal tail of CT223p, a region of the protein that is likely exposed to the cytosol in infected cells.

Conclusion
These studies suggest that certain Inc proteins block cytokinesis in C. trachomatis-infected cells. These results are consistent with the work of others showing chlamydial inhibition of host cell cytokinesis.
Design of FitFor2 study: the effects of an exercise program on insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose levels in pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes
Authors: Oostdam Nicolette , van Poppel Mireille NM , Eekhoff Elisabeth MW , Wouters Maurice GAJ , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy is a period in the life of women that is often associated with decreased daily physical activity and/or exercise. However, maintaining adequate levels of daily physical activity during pregnancy is important for mother and child. Studies suggest that moderate daily physical activity and exercise during pregnancy are associated with reductions in the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, at present, physical activity is not routinely advised to pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes in the Netherlands. In FitFor2-study we aim to assess whether an exercise program can improve insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma glucose levels of women at high risk for gestational diabetes, assuming that this will lower their risk of gestational diabetes.

Methods
The FitFor2-study is a randomised controlled trial. Women who visit one of the participating hospitals or midwifery practices and who are at risk for gestational diabetes are eligible to participate. After baseline measurement they are randomly allocated to in the intervention or control group. The intervention group receives an exercise program twice a week in addition to usual care. The exercise program consist of aerobic and strength exercises and takes place under close supervision of a physiotherapist. Data are collected at 15, 24 and 32 weeks of pregnancy and 12 weeks after delivery. Primary maternal outcome measures are fasting plasma glucose and relative increase in insulin resistance. Primary neonatal outcome is birth weight. Secondary outcome measures are: maternal serum triglycerides, HDL, cholesterol, HbA1c, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal physical activity level, foetal growth.

Discussion
If the FitFor2 intervention program proves to be effective, obstetricians and midwives should refer women at risk for GDM to a special exercise program. Exercise programs for pregnant women under supervision of an experienced trainer are already available in the Netherlands, and these programs could be adjusted easily for this target group. Furthermore, the costs of these programs should be refunded by including them in the basic health care cost reimbursement schemes.

Trial registration
NTR1139
Pancreatic and multiorgan resection with inferior vena cava reconstruction for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Stauffer John A , Fakhre G Peter , Dougherty Marjorie K , Nakhleh Raouf E , Maples William J , Nguyen Justin H 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor of smooth muscle origin. It is often large by the time of diagnosis and may involve adjacent organs. A margin-free resection may be curative, but the resection must involve the tumor en bloc with the affected segment of vena cava and locally involved organs. IVC resection often requires vascular reconstruction, which can be done with prosthetic graft.

Case presentation
We describe a 39-year-old man with an IVC leiomyosarcoma that involved the adrenal gland, distal pancreas, and blood supply to the spleen and left kidney. Tumor excision involved en bloc resection of all involved organs with reimplantation of the right renal vein and reconstruction of the IVC with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The patient recovered without renal insufficiency, graft infection, or other complications. Follow-up abdominal imaging at 1 year showed a patent IVC graft and no locally recurrent tumor. Prosthetic graft provides a sufficient diameter and length for replacement conduit in extensive resection of IVC leiomyosarcoma.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first case of resection of an IVC sarcoma with prosthetic graft reconstruction in combination with pancreatic resection. Aggressive surgical resection including vascular reconstruction is warranted for select IVC tumors to achieve a potentially curative outcome.