bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Hemodynamic Effects of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Superficial Femoral Artery Disease
Authors: Labropoulos Nicos , Giannoukas Athanasios D. , Volteas Nicos , Al Kutoubi Aghiad , Katsamouris Asterios , Wolfe John H.N. , Mansfield Averil O. , Nicolaides Andrew N. 
Published: November 2007

This study was conducted to assess the early hemodynamic effects of percutaneous trans luminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with superficial femoral artery (SFA) atheroscle rotic disease. Seventeen patients (forty-nine to eighty-five years, median sixty-seven years), underwent PTA in the SFA, except 1 who had PTA in both the SFA and popliteal artery. Fifteen patients were claudicant whereas the other one had rest pain and ulcera tion. Ten patients had localized SFA occlusion on the angiogram (3 of them had combined stenoses in the common femoral, profunda, and popliteal arteries) and 7 had localized stenoses more than 50%. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), limb blood flow (measured by air plethysmography), peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio across the stenosis, and the spectral waveform analysis displayed by color flow duplex imaging (CFDI) were assessed before and one day after PTA. Before PTA, the median ABI and limb blood flow were 0.55 ±0.19 and 58.6 ±13.1 mL/min, respectively. The waveform in the poststenotic area of the SFA was monophasic in 5 patients and biphasic in the others, and the PSV was at least doubled in the stenotic area. PTA was technically successful in 16 patients and failed in 1 with an occluded SFA. After successful PTA the median ABI was 0.76 ±0.15 (P<0.00001), and the median limb blood flow was 78.1 ±11.9 mL/min (P<0.00001). The waveform in the dilated area of the SFA was biphasic in all patients with marked decrease in the PSV and forward diastolic velocity present. Postangioplasty pain-free walking distance was at least doubled in 12 patients. In the case of the failed PTA the ABI, limb blood flow, poststenotic waveform, PSV, and pain-free walking-distance were unchanged. In conclusion, early improvement in the hemodynamic parameters occurs over the first day after a successful PTA. These hemodynamic parameters correlate well with the findings of the postangioplasty angiogram and thus can be used in the follow-up of the patients after PTA.
Extraanatomic Renal Revascularization: Surgical and Anatomic Variations
Authors: Dardik Herbert , Silvestri Fred , Alasio Teresa , Berry Silvia , Hallac Ralph , Laudito Antonio , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. 
Published: November 2007

A thoracic-aorta-left renal artery bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and three gastroduodenal right renal artery bypasses were constructed in four patients in whom loss of renal function and the potential for dialysis were imminent. These extraanatomic bypasses showed durable patency with preservation of renal function. Gastroduodenal- renal bypass requires an appreciation of the anatomic relationship of the right renal artery to the right renal vein. Anatomic studies were performed in 80 human cadavers to assess the anatomic relationships of the right renal artery with respect to the right renal vein. In 50% of the cadavers studied, the right renal artery was superior to the right renal vein. It was located inferior to the right renal vein in 17.5% and directly posterior in 32.5%. Extraanatomic bypasses may be required for treatment of renal hypertension or parenchymal salvage. Gastroduodenal-renal and thoracorenal reconstructions are unusual variants of extraanatomic bypasses, and though uncommonly required, may be extremely useful methods to employ for renal revascularization.
Improved Postischemic Recovery After Peripheral Bypass Surgery Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Eiberg Jonas Peter , Secher Niels Henry , Schroeder Torben Veith 
Published: November 2007

Near-infrared spectroscopy has been established as a monitoring technique for assessment of cerebral oxygenation. With the sensor placed over the gastrocnemius muscle, we studied the vascular capacity before and after infrainguinal revascularization, as well as the temporal profile of muscle oxygenation in the first 24 postoperative hours. Twenty-three patients undergoing femorodistal bypass surgery for claudication (n=10) or critical ischemia (n=13) were examined. Vascular capacity was assessed in 10 patients and expressed as the time for 95% reoxygenation (reox-T 95) of calf muscles upon 4 minutes of tourniquet-induced ischemia. Five days postoperatively, reox-T95 was reduced from 128 (105 to 183) s to 85 (61 to 109) s (p<0.005) (median, interquartile range) compared with 56 (55 to 57) s for a group of seven young and 55 (36 to 56) s for a group of seven age-matched controls (p<0.05). Thirteen patients monitored for 24 hours postoperatively demonstrated postreconstructive hyperemia with a peak in skeletal muscle oxygenation (peak-SmO2) 3 h after surgery of 21 (4 to 33) units above the preoperative level (p < 0.01 ), declining to the preoperative level after 11 h. In conclusion, calf vascular capacity as expressed by postischemic recovery was improved markedly following peripheral bypass surgery, and near-infrared spectroscopy revealed marked hyperemia postreconstructively.
Limits to sustained energy intake. X. Effects of fur removal on reproductive performance in laboratory mice
Authors: Król Elżbieta , Murphy Michelle , Speakman John R. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYThe maximum rate of sustained energy intake (SusEI) may limit reproductive effort and other aspects of animal performance. We have previously suggested that lactating mice are not limited centrally by the alimentary tract or peripherally by the mammary glands, but that the limits to SusEI are imposed by the capacity of the animal to dissipate body heat generated as a by-product of processing food and producing milk. To explore the nature of the limits to SusEI, we bred MF1 laboratory mice at 21°C and then dorsally shaved lactating females to reduce their external insulation and thereby elevate their capacity to dissipate body heat. These mice increased their food intake by 12.0% and assimilated on average 30.9 kJ day–1 more energy than unshaved animals. With nearly identical mean litter sizes (11.4 pups for shaved and 11.3 pups for unshaved mice), shaved mothers exported 15.2% (22.0 kJ day–1) more energy as milk than control individuals. The elevated milk production of shaved mice enabled them to wean litters that were 15.4% (12.2 g) heavier than offspring produced by unshaved mice. Our results argue against central, peripheral or extrinsic limits to SusEI at peak lactation and provide strong support for the heat dissipation limit hypothesis. More generally, we see many situations where heat dissipation may be a previously unrecognised factor constraining the evolution of endothermic animals – for example, the latitudinal and altitudinal trends in clutch and litter sizes and the migration patterns of birds.
The predicted growth of the low-Earth orbit space debris environment — an assessment of future risk for spacecraft
Authors: Krisko P H 
Published: November 2007

Space debris is a worldwide-recognized issue concerning the safety of commercial, military, and exploration spacecraft. The space debris environment includes both naturally occuring meteoroids and objects in Earth orbit that are generated by human activity, termed orbital debris. Space agencies around the world are addressing the dangers of debris collisions to both crewed and robotic spacecraft. In the United States, the Orbital Debris Program Office at the NASA Johnson Space Center leads the effort to categorize debris, predict its growth, and formulate mitigation policy for the environment from low-Earth orbit (LEO) through geosynchronous orbit. The current paper presents recent results derived from the NASA long-term debris environment model, LEGEND. It includes the revised NASA sodium potassium droplet model, newly corrected for a factor of two over-estimation of the droplet population. The study indicates a LEO environment that is already collisionally active among orbital debris larger than 1 cm in size. Most of the modelled collision events are non-catastrophic (i.e. they lead to a cratering of the target, but no large scale fragmentation). They take place between impactors smaller than 10 cm and targets larger than 10 cm. Given the small size of the impactor these events would likely be undetectable by present-day measurement means. The activity continues into the future as would be expected. Impact rates of about four per year are predicted by the current study within the next 30 years, with the majority of targets being abandoned intacts (spent upper stages and spacecraft). Still, operational spacecraft do showa small collisional activity that increases over time as the small fragment population increases. And such an event would be potentially mission-ending for the spacecraft.
Design and operational practices for the passivation of spacecraft and launchers at the end of life
Authors: Bonnal C 
Published: November 2007

Passivating spacecraft and upper stages at the end of their operational life is a must: numerous in orbit break-ups have been encountered by all space operators due to a lack of proper passivation leading to an explosion triggered by mixture of hypergolic propellants, pressure buildup, or hyper-velocity collision with a small object. The following paper recalls first the high level guidelines that have to be adopted at international level to achieve proper space debris mitigation, recalls the definition of passivation, then describes the most frequent solutions currently adopted. Several examples, mainly from India and China, are quoted, extracted generally from IADC presentations; they are presented in italics, unmodified. The paper then reviews briefly the main problems encountered during the process of designing the passivation system and operating it.
Test procedures to evaluate spacecraft materials ejecta upon hypervelocity impact
Authors: Siguier J-M , Mandeville J-C 
Published: November 2007

A spacecraft is exposed to the risk of collision with orbital debris or meteoroids throughout its orbital lifetime. Part of small debris is produced as ejecta upon impact of particles on spacecraft outer surfaces. In order to mitigate this growing population of orbital debris and obtain a better knowledge of secondary debris production, it is proposed in this document to perform standardized tests on the various materials used for external surfaces. The approach to assess the behaviour of materials under orbital debris or meteoroid impacts, uses an ejecta model under hypervelocity impact (HVI) to define simple parameters which are able to characterize ejecta production as total mass ejected, size partitioning, velocity, and direction. In order to get comparable results, well defined ground tests are proposed using readily available HVI ranges. Results of ejecta production have to be implemented in a database which will help in the choice of spacecraft use materials during the design phase, in order to fulfill debris mitigation and to determine the small debris production over the total spacecraft life-time.
Association of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins With Otosclerosis
Authors: Schrauwen Isabelle , Thys Melissa , Vanderstraeten Kathleen , Fransen Erik , Dieltjens Nele , Huyghe Jeroen R , Ealy Megan , Claustres Mireille , Cremers Cor RWJ , Dhooge Ingeborg , Declau Frank , Van de Heyning Paul , Vincent Robert , Somers Thomas , Offeciers Erwin , Smith Richard JH , Van Camp Guy 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We studied the role of polymorphisms in 13 candidate genes on the risk of otosclerosis in two large independent case-control sets. We found significant association in both populations with BMP2 and BMP4, implicating these two genes in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Introduction: Otosclerosis is a progressive disorder of the human temporal bone that leads to conductive hearing loss and in some cases sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. In a few families, it segregates as a monogenic disease with reduced penetrance, but in most patients, otosclerosis is more appropriately considered a complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
Materials and Methods: To identify major genetic factors in otosclerosis, we used a candidate gene approach to study two large independent case-control sets of Belgian-Dutch and French origin. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 candidate susceptibility genes were studied in a stepwise strategy.
Results: Two SNPs were identified that showed the same significant effect in both populations. The first SNP, rs3178250, is located in the 3′ untranslated region of BMP2. Individuals homozygote for the C allele are protected against otosclerosis (combined populations: p = 2.2 × 10−4; OR = 2.027; 95% CI = 1.380–2.979). The second SNP, rs17563, is an amino acid changing (p.Ala152Val) SNP located in BMP4. The G allele, coding for the amino acid alanine, confers susceptibility in both populations (combined populations: p = 0.002; OR = 1.209; 95% CI: 1.070–1.370).
Conclusions: These results indicate that polymorphisms in the BMP2 and BMP4 genes, both members of the TGF-β superfamily, contribute to the susceptibility to otosclerosis and further strengthen the results from the recently reported association of TGFB1 with this disease.
Genetic Analyses in a Sample of Individuals With High or Low BMD Shows Association With Multiple Wnt Pathway Genes
Authors: Sims Anne-Marie , Shephard Neil , Carter Kim , Doan Tracy , Dowling Alison , Duncan Emma L , Eisman John , Jones Graeme , Nicholson Geoffrey , Prince Richard , Seeman Ego , Thomas Gethin , Wass John A , Brown Matthew A 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Using a moderate-sized cohort selected with extreme BMD (n = 344; absolute value BMD, 1.5–4.0), significant association of several members of the Wnt signaling pathway with bone densitometry measures was shown. This confirms that extreme truncate selection is a powerful design for quantitative trait association studies of bone phenotypes.
Introduction: Although the high heritability of BMD variation has long been established, few genes have been conclusively shown to affect the variation of BMD in the general population. Extreme truncate selection has been proposed as a more powerful alternative to unselected cohort designs in quantitative trait association studies. We sought to test these theoretical predictions in studies of the bone densitometry measures BMD, BMC, and femoral neck area, by investigating their association with members of the Wnt pathway, some of which have previously been shown to be associated with BMD in much larger cohorts, in a moderate-sized extreme truncate selected cohort (absolute value BMD Z-scores = 1.5–4.0; n = 344).
Materials and Methods: Ninety-six tag-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) lying in 13 Wnt signaling pathway genes were selected to tag common genetic variation (minor allele frequency [MAF] &gt; 5% with an r2 &gt; 0.8) within 5 kb of all exons of 13 Wnt signaling pathway genes. The genes studied included LRP1, LRP5, LRP6, Wnt3a, Wnt7b, Wnt10b, SFRP1, SFRP2, DKK1, DKK2, FZD7, WISP3, and SOST. Three hundred forty-four cases with either high or low BMD were genotyped by Illumina Goldengate microarray SNP genotyping methods. Association was tested either by Cochrane-Armitage test for dichotomous variables or by linear regression for quantitative traits.
Results: Strong association was shown with LRP5, polymorphisms of which have previously been shown to influence total hip BMD (minimum p = 0.0006). In addition, polymorphisms of the Wnt antagonist, SFRP1, were significantly associated with BMD and BMC (minimum p = 0.00042). Previously reported associations of LRP1, LRP6, and SOST with BMD were confirmed. Two other Wnt pathway genes, Wnt3a and DKK2, also showed nominal association with BMD.
Conclusions: This study shows that polymorphisms of multiple members of the Wnt pathway are associated with BMD variation. Furthermore, this study shows in a practical trial that study designs involving extreme truncate selection and moderate sample sizes can robustly identify genes of relevant effect sizes involved in BMD variation in the general population. This has implications for the design of future genome-wide studies of quantitative bone phenotypes relevant to osteoporosis.
Reviews
Authors: Smith Russel , Roberts Lynne , Biles David , Thorne Colin 
Published: November 2007

Cybercrime and Society, Majid Yar (2006) London, Sage Publications, 185 pp, ISBNs 101412907535, 101412907543, 139781412907538, 139781412907545. Crime Online, Yvonne Jewkes (Ed.) (2007) Cullompton, England, Willan Publishing, 189 pp, ISBN 13: 978-1-84392-197-4 Virtually Criminal: Crime, Deviance and Regulation Online, Matthew Williams (2007). London, England: Routledge, 195 pp., ISBN 10: 0-415-36405-1. Fighting Crime Together: The Challenges of Policing and Security Networks, Fleming, Jenny and Wood, Jennifer (Eds.) (2006). Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 304 pp, ISBN 9780868409238. Interrogating Images: Audiovisually Recorded Police Questioning of Suspects, David Dixon (2007) Institute of Criminology: Sydney. 296 pp, ISBN 9780975196748.
Determination of the Relaxation Super Operator of 23Na in a NaNO3 Single Crystal by Using the I = 3/2 Nuclear Spin as a 2‐Qubit Quantum Processor
Authors: Kampermann Hermann , Veeman Wiebren S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe relaxation super operator of 23Na I = 3/2 spins in a NaNO3 single crystal is determined by using the Na spins as a two‐qubit quantum processor executing the identity operation. It is found that the relaxation super operator in good approximation is diagonal with real elements. The decoherence times of transitions corresponding to the same quantum order (single quantum, respectively two‐quantum order) are approximately equal. But the higher the quantum order, the faster the decoherence. It is discussed that this is due to the dipolar interactions between the spins. By defining a figure of merit, which expresses the ability of a qubit system to act as a quantum processor, it is found that a quantum processor based on quadrupolar nuclear spins in a solid compares well to a processor based on proton spins in a liquid solution.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Fullerenes Encapsulating Atomic Phosphorus
Authors: Scheloske Michael , Naydenov Boris , Meyer Carola , Harneit Wolfgang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSynthesis, purification, and electron spin properties of the endohedral fullerene P@C60 are reported. Highly enriched material could be obtained for the first time, making this molecule accessible for further experiments. We report the first successful chemical modification of P@C60 via cyclo‐propanation to the C2v symmetric monoadducts P@C61(COOCH3) and P@C61(COOC2H5). X‐band electron spin resonance data are presented and discussed. The phosphorus atom shows anisotropic hyperfine coupling in the modified fullerenes, in contrast to the unmodified case, and in contrast to similarly modified N@C60.
Serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations as predictors of death in critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea
Authors: Schoeman Johan P. , Goddard Amelia , Herrtage Michael E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the role of adrenal and thyroid hormones in the prediction of death in a population of critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea by measuring serial daily serum concentrations of cortisol and thyroxine.
Design—Prospective case-control study
Animals—57 critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea admitted to the hospital and 17 clinically normal control puppies.
Procedures—Basal serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations were measured for each dog with parvoviral diarrhea at admission (prior to treatment) and daily until death, euthanasia, or discharge.
Results—Median time between admission and death was 48 hours (ie, on day 3). Median serum cortisol concentration on day 1 (admission) in all dogs with parvoviral diarrhea (248 nmol/L) was significantly higher than in control dogs (77 nmol/L). No significant difference was found in the day 1 median serum cortisol concentration of 11 dogs that died (302 nmol/L) and 46 dogs that survived (238 nmol/L). A significantly higher median serum cortisol concentration was, however, found in nonsurvivor group dogs, compared with survivor group dogs, on days 2 and 3. Median serum thyroxine concentration on day 1 in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea was significantly lower than in control dogs (8.12 nmol/L vs 35 nmol/L, respectively). Median serum thyroxine concentration of nonsurvivor group dogs (4.4 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that of survivor group dogs (9.2 nmol/L) at admission and became even lower on days 2 and 3.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High serum cortisol and low serum thyroxine concentrations at 24 and 48 hours after admission were associated with death in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea.
Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997–2004)
Authors: Kim Stanley E. , Liptak Julius M. , Gall Trent T. , Monteith Gabrielle J. , Woods J. Paul 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the efficacy and toxic effects of epirubicin for the adjuvant treatment of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma and identify prognostic factors.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—59 client-owned dogs that underwent splenectomy for splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with or without epirubicin.
Procedures—Medical records were examined for signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical findings, and postoperative outcome. For dogs treated with epirubicin, dose numbers, intervals, and reductions and type and severity of toxic effects were recorded. Dogs were allotted to 2 groups: splenectomy alone and splenectomy with adjuvant epirubicin treatment.
Results—18 dogs received epirubicin (30 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for up to 4 to 6 treatments. Forty-one dogs were treated with splenectomy alone. The overall median survival time was significantly longer in dogs treated with splenectomy and epirubicin (144 days), compared with splenectomy alone (86 days). Median survival time for dogs with stage I disease (345 days) was significantly longer than for dogs with either stage II (93 days) or III disease (68 days). Seven of 18 dogs treated with epirubicin were hospitalized for signs of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Inappetence, long duration of clinical signs, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and high mitotic rate were negative prognostic factors.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Epirubicin may be as efficacious as adjuvant doxorubicin-based protocols, but may result in a higher incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Epirubicin should be considered as an alternative to doxorubicin in dogs with preexisting cardiac disease, as clinical epirubicin cardiotoxicity was not diagnosed in treated dogs.