bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer incidence among filipinos in los angeles county, 1972–1991
Authors: Bernstein Leslie , Miu Angela , Monroe Kris , Henderson Brian E. , Ross Ronald K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough Filipinos are the second largest Asian subgroup in the United States, little is known about their patterns of cancer incidence. We have examined cancer incidence rates among Filipinos living in Los Angeles County from 1972 through 1991 and evaluated their risk of non‐localized cancer relative to non‐Hispanic whites. Although Filipinos have substantially lower cancer rates than non‐Hispanic whites in Los Angeles County, their incidence rates of liver cancer, cancer of the nasopharynx and thyroid cancer are higher. Filipino men and women had somewhat more advanced cancer at diagnosis, on average, than non‐Hispanic whites, though no statistically significant differences were observed for sites where early detection methods exist. Our data suggest that Filipino‐Americans would benefit from increased screening for cervical and breast cancer as well as efforts to interrupt transmission of hepatitis B virus to reduce liver cancer incidence.
A case‐control investigation on cancer of the ovary in Bangalore, India
Authors: Nandakumar Ambakumar , Anantha Narayanappa , Dhar Murali , Ahuja Vijaykumar , Kumar Rekha , Reddy Sreerama , Venugopal Thalagavadi , Rajanna  , Vinutha A. T. , Srinivas  
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer of the ovary is the sixth leading cancer among females in Bangalore, and is a leading site of cancer in other population‐based cancer registries in India. A case‐control investigation was conducted utilizing the data from the population‐based cancer registry in Bangalore. In addition to the core patient information, certain other details pertaining to consumption of tobacco, reproductive and obstetric factors and those related to the practice of family planning, including the method adopted, were available with the registry, for the period 1982–1985. Identical information was also available for patients residing in the registry area who did not have cancer. Ninety‐seven cases of ovarian cancer in ever‐married women were age‐matched with 194 controls from the same area who showed no evidence of cancer. The risk of ovarian cancer was not influenced by tobacco habits, alcohol consumption, diet or the various reproductive factors. However, tubectomy as a method of family planning appeared to reduce the risk of development of ovarian cancer. This reduction in risk was not influenced by parity or age of the woman at the time of birth of the first child.
Life‐long over‐expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene in transgenic mice does not lead to generally enhanced tumorigenesis or neuronal degeneration
Authors: Alhonen Leena , Halmekytö Maria , Kosma Veli‐Matti , Wahlfors Jarmo , Kauppinen Risto , Jänne Juhani 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOrnithine decarboxylase, the rate‐controlling enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway of the polyamines, is one of the most inducible mammalian enzymes showing many of the features common to the oncoproteins. Ornithine decarboxylase activity is likewise strongly induced in response to various neurotoxic stimuli, and the enhanced enzyme activity is believed to be causally related to neuronal damage. We have generated several transgenic mouse lines over‐expressing human ornithine decarboxylase gene. We have now subjected the animals to a long‐term survival study in order to assess whether constitutively over‐expressed ornithine decarboxylase would predispose them to enhanced tumorigenesis and neuronal degeneration. When the transgenic animals were 2 years old, their tissue ornithine decarboxylase activity was 20‐ to 50‐fold that in their syngenic littermates. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of organs revealed no differences between syngenic and transgenic animals as regards spontaneous tumor incidence or age‐related changes in brain.
Heterogeneity in production, secretion and glycosylation of MUC1 epithelial mucin by primary cultures of ovarian carcinoma
Authors: McGuckin Michael A. , Hurst Terence G. , Ward Bruce G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe MUCI mucin produced by many adenocarcinomas has functions that may be of biological significance and is of importance clinically as a serum tumour marker and as a candidate target for immunotherapy. Previous studies of MUCI production by ovarian cancers have been limited to immunohis‐tochemical studies of tumour specimens and in vitro studies using cell lines. In this study the biosynthesis, secretion and glycosylation of MUCI were studied in primary cultures of tumour cells obtained from 35 patients with stage 3 ovarian cancer. Although 34 of the 35 tumours produced MUCI in vitro, the concentrations of intracellular and secreted MUCI, as measured by an ELISA using core protein‐reactive antibodies, varied over a wide range. In addition, the amount of secreted MUCI as a proportion of the intracellular concentration varied between tumours. Pulse/chase amino acid labelling studies of MUCI biosynthesis also demonstrated variation in secretion rates. Multivariate regression analysis showed that of the variables tumour size, histological type, grade, ploidy status and intracellular and secreted MUCI concentrations in vitro, only mucin secretion rate was significantly associated with serum mucin concentrations (p < 0.001). Culture of tumour cells for 4 days in the presence or absence of a competitive inhibitor of O‐glycosylation, BAG, showed that the degree of glycosylation of MUCI varied between tumours and that under‐glycosylation was not correlated with production or secretion rates. Our study has shown heterogeneity in the production, secretion and glycosylation of MUCI and a strong correlation between the secretion rate in vitro and the concentration in the serum of patients.
Human esophageal carcinomas frequently express the tumor‐rejection antigens of MAGE genes
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Mori Masaki , Li Jian , Mimori Koshi , Honda Masayuki , Nakashima Hideaki , Mafune Ken‐Ichi , Tanaka Youichi , Akiyoshi Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThde human genes MAGE‐1 and ‐3 encode melanoma peptide antigens that are recognized bhd autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Tumors expressing MAGE genes are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, because MAGE genes are expressed only in tumor tissue and not in any normal tissue except testis and placenta. However, little is known about MAGE gene expression in human esophageal carcinoma. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze MAGE gene status in human esophageal carcinoma. We studied the expression status of these genes in 42 surgical samples and in 12 cell lines of human esophageal carcinoma using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Various clinicopathological factors were also analyzed. No MAGE gene expression was seen in any of the 42 normal esophageal tissue specimens. In contrast, tumor tissue expressed MAGE‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 in 26, 18 and 24 specimens, respectively. Thirty‐three of 42 tumors expressed at least one MAGE gene. Significant clinicopathologic differences between the tumors were not observed, regardless of the presence or absence of MAGE gene expression. In cell lines, MAGE‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 gene expression was recognized in 5, 4 and 4 cell lines, respectively. This study demonstrates that MAGE genes are frequently expressed in clinical samples as well as in cell lines of esophageal carcinoma. The identification of MAGE genes, therefore, may open up a new modality of treatment, namely specific immunotherapy, for patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Mutant androgen receptors in prostatic tumors distinguish between amino‐acid‐sequence requirements for transactivation and ligand binding
Authors: Peterziel Heike , Culig Zoran , Stober Jutta , Hobisch Alfred , Radmayr Christian , Bartsch Georg , Klocker Helmut , Cato Andrew C. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMutant androgen receptors are thought to contribute to hormone resistance in prostate carcinoma. The part they play in this process, however, is ill‐defined. Here we report on transactivation by 2 mutant androgen receptors from prostatic tumors with single amino‐acid exchanges in their hormone‐binding domains. These exchanges enhance the transactivation property of the receptors, particularly to androsterone and androstanediol, 2 metabolized derivatives of testosterone present in the prostate. Additionally, they enhance the transactivation potential of the mutant receptors to hydroxyflutamide, an anti‐androgen frequently used in hormone ablation therapy. The increased transactivation by the mutant receptors did not result from altered affinity of the receptors to the inducing ligands nor from measurable changes in conformation of the liganded receptors. Thus the single amino‐acid exchanges identify differences in amino‐acid‐sequence requirements for transactivation and ligand binding in the hormone‐binding domain of the androgen receptor. These results provide new insights into ligand‐dependent transactivation, and form a framework for the search for effective antagonists to be used in prostate‐cancer therapy.
gelatinase A/TIMP‐2 imbalance in lymph‐node‐positive breast carcinomas, as measured by RT‐PCR
Authors: Onisto Maurizio , Riccio Maria Pia , Scannapieco Paolo , Caenazzo Cristina , Griggio Luciano , Spina Michele , Stetler‐Stevenson William G. , Garbisa Spiridione 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver‐production of gelatinase A (MMP‐2) or under‐production of its inhibitor (TIMP‐2) may result in the matrix degradation crucial for metastasis, and early evaluation of their expression in primary tumor would offer important prognostic informations. RT‐PCR amplicons of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 mRNA from tissue biopsies of 13 breast carcinomas and one fibrocystic mastopathy were quantitated. In comparison with their normal‐tissue counterparts, their expression trends were not uniform: in some cases MMP‐2 increased in the tumor without changes in TIMP‐2, in others TIMP‐2 expression also increased, although to a lesser extent than MMP‐2; only in 2 cases was it slightly lower in the tumor tissue. Nevertheless, clearer insights were gained from the comparison of the ratio (R) between MMP‐2tumor/normal and TIMP‐2tumor/norma: as in the fibrocystic mastopathy, the R in carcinomas without lymph‐node involvement (LN−) was usually lower than 1 in most cases. In contrast, in 5 out of 6 patients with lymph‐node metastasis (LN+), the ratio ranged between 2 and 4. While the R magnitude was not related to the frequency of positive lymph nodes out of the total analyzed, nor to relapse status at follow‐up (all relapse‐free), the clear‐cut difference between the LN− and LN+ groups was statistically significant. Results suggest that evaluation of MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 mRNA balance may constitute an early prognostic approach, which may also be more reliable concerning cancer aggressiveness as compared with the MMP‐2 alone, and that boosting TIMP‐2 expression may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent metastasis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dendritic antigen‐presenting cells from the peripheral blood of renal‐cell‐carcinoma patients
Authors: Radmayr Christian , Böck Günther , Hobisch Alfred , Klocker Helmut , Bartsch Georg , Thurnher Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDendritic cells are considered to be the initiators of immune responses, including those directed against tumors. Clinical research on dendritic cells was long hampered by the limited availability of these cells. The recent identification of cytokine combinations that mobilize dendritic cells with potent antigen‐presenting cell function from peripheral blood represented a major progress. We show in this study that substantial numbers of dendritic cells can be obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with renal‐cell carcinoma. The procedure requires a relatively small blood sample (40 ml) and avoids both priming of the patient with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and leukapheresis. Approximately 2 to 8 million cells with the characteristics of dendritic cells could be obtained: phase‐contrast microscopy revealed the typical cytoplasmic processes or veils; phenotypic analysis confirmed expression of dendritic‐cell‐associated molecules, including MHC class II, CDIa, CD4, ICAM‐1 (CD54), LFA‐3 (CDS8), B7‐1 (CD80) and B7‐2 (CD86), and absence of T‐cell, B‐cell and monocyte markers; in addition, these cells rapidly attached to and migrated on collagen‐type‐1‐coated surfaces. Interestingly, attachment was accompanied by acquisition of the CD14 antigen; functionally, cultured dendritic cells proved to be very potent co‐stimulators of the phytohemag‐glutinin‐induced proliferation of autologous tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. The reproducible growth of functional dendritic cells from cancer patients is encouraging for the design of immunotherapy protocols. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic mutations of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) tumor‐suppressor gene in european kidney cancers
Authors: Bailly Maryse , Bain Christine , Favrot Marie‐C. , Ozturk Mehmet 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSomatic mutations of von Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor‐suppressor gene have been identified in kidney cancers from North America and Japan. We studied VHL gene mutation in 31 kidney tumors from France. Of these tumors, 45% (14/31) displayed mutations, 60% of which occurred at A:T base pairs. The frequency and the spectrum of mutations identified in kidney tumors from Europe were similar to those reported for tumors from other geographical locations. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural and mesenchymal differentiations in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines. Morphological, immunophenotypic, molecular biological and cytogenetic evidence
Authors: Pagani A. , Fischer‐Colbrie R. , Eder U. , Pellin A. , Llombart‐Bosch A. , Bussolati G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree established Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell lines (TC106, 6647, A4573), grown both in vitro and as xenograft tumors, were analyzed. In all 3 lines and tumors, the ES characteristic reciprocal translocation (11;22), as well as the presence of the ES‐associated p30/32M1C2 antigen, were documented. However, these cell lines showed discrepancies in their neural and mesenchymal differentiation. The TC106 line was characterized by expression of the neuroendocrine marker secretogranin II (SgII) which was detectable by Northern blot and by radioimmunological detection (RIA) in the culture medium of secretoneurin, a proteolytic product of SgII. In contrast, TC106 cells were immunohistochemically and radioimmunologically secretoneurin‐negative. Rapid cellular secretion of the peptide is probably the explanation of such a discrepancy. The 6647 and A4573 cell lines were SgII/secretoneurin‐negative and the former presented morphological and immunocytochemical evidence of mesenchymal differentiation. In fact, the 6647 xenograft tumor showed osteosarcomatous‐type morphological features and the neoplastic cells were immunocytochemically positive for osteonectin and osteocalcin antigens. Expression of the CgA gene, which is typical of neuroblastomas, was absent in the Ewing's sarcoma cell lines investigated. Our findings provide experimental evidence that Ewing's sarcoma is a heterogeneous tumor which may show either neuroectodermal or mesenchymal differentiation. SgII/secretoneurin analysis by hybridization and RIA procedures is a reliable approach to the identification of ES with neuroendocrine differentiation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastatic behavior of human tumors in congenitally athymic nude mice: Intrinsic properties of the tumor cells and host immune reactivity
Authors: Rofstad Einar K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCongenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted human tumors. It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of human tumor xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the tumor cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic mice for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of human tumor cells. Four human melanoma cell lines (A‐07, D‐12, R‐18, U‐25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the tumorigenicity and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra‐arterially or intravenously (artificial metastases) or intra‐dermally (spontaneous metastases). The influence of the host on the incidence of metastases was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic mice. Both the intradermal and intracranial tumorigenicity differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D‐12 than for A‐07, R‐18 and U‐25 cells. The incidence of metastases was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ‐specific metastatic patterns in athymic mice. The organs of preference were lungs for A‐07 and D‐12 cells, lymph nodes for R‐18 cells, and brain for U‐25 cells. The organ‐specific metastatic pattern in athymic mice reflected the pattern of distant metastases in the donor patients. In addition, all cell lines gave rise to metastases in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal metastases was influenced significantly by the tumorigenicity of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic mice appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of human tumors. The metastasis frequency of human tumors in athymic mice, however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the tumor cells, owing to the cell‐line‐dependent host immune reactivity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family history of cancer is a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Brazil: A case‐control study
Authors: Foulkes William D. , Brunet Jean‐Sebastien , Kowalski Luis P. , Narod Steven A. , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the role of familial factors in head and neck cancer, we analysed data from a hospital‐based case‐control study of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Brazil. There were 754 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and 1,507 age‐ and gender‐matched hospital‐based controls with non‐malignant diseases. Subjects provided information on the occurrence of cancer in first‐degree relatives, as well as about other risk factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumption. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated for developing mouth, pharynx and larynx cancer when cancers in relatives were observed. RRs were adjusted for age, sex, city of admission and alcohol and tobacco consumption. The RR for developing SCCHN if a first‐degree relative had cancer at any site was significantly elevated at 1.97. The RR was 3.65 (95% Cl: 1.97–6.76) if the relative had head and neck cancer. Significantly elevated risks for developing head and neck cancer were associated with siblings with head and neck cancer (RR = 8.57) and, to a lesser extent, with fathers with head and neck cancer (RR = 2.49). There was no significantly increased risk associated with mothers with head and neck cancer, but these tumours were rare among mothers. Our data show that familial, possibly genetic, factors are important in the aetiology of head and neck cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical usefulness of free PSA fraction as an indicator of prostate cancer
Authors: Filella Xavier , Alcover Juan , Molina Rafael , Giménez Núria , Rodríguez Alfredo , Jo Judith , Carretero Pablo , Ballesta Antonio Manuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe usefulness of the fPSA fraction in the differential diagnosis of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer was evaluated, with the aim of improving the diagnostic efficacy of PSA. Serum PSA and fPSA determinations were performed by an enzymoimmunoassay technique on an ES‐300 system. fPSA constitutes a minor fraction both in normal subjects and in patients with prostate disease, being significantly lower in patients with untreated prostate cancer than in patients with BPH. Likewise, the authors have observed that the sensitivity of the fPSA/PSA ratio has an inversely proportional relationship with the stage of the disease. The results obtained in patients with PSA levels between 4 and 20 μg/l are also of note. In this series of patients, the efficacy of the fPSA/PSA ratio was higher than that of PSA, showing a sensitivity of 44% and a specificity of 95% at the cut‐off of 0.08. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adhesion molecules involved in the binding of murine myeloma cells to bone marrow stromal elements
Authors: Okada Tomoko , Hawley Robert G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn previous work, we reported the development of the B9/BM1 syngeneic murine bone marrow metastasis model. Interleukin (IL)‐6–dependent, IL‐1–producing B9/BM1 cells, which preferentially home to and colonise the vertebral and femoral marrow after i.v. injection, exhibit striking similarity in cell surface phenotype to human myeloma cells, especially the expression of 3 adhesion molecules, CD44, VLA‐4 and ICAM‐I. Because the haematopoietic microenvironment consists of different cell types, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipo‐cytes and macrophages, we investigated the functional significance of these adhesion molecules in heterotypic binding assays between B9/BM1 cells and a newly established bone marrow‐derived endothelial cell line (BMEC), a fibroblastoid pre‐adipocyte cell line (BMS2.2) and primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages. B9/BM1 cells adhered well to all stromal elements: a combination of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against CD44 and VLA‐4 significantly inhibited the adherence of B9/ BM1 cells to BMEC and BMS2.2 cells, whereas binding of B9/BM1 cells to macrophages was partially blocked with an anti‐ICAM‐I MAb. Our results implicate multiple recognition mechanisms, including those involving CD44, VLA‐4 and ICAM‐I, in the retention of B9/BM1 cells in the bone marrow. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, maturation and extracellular release of procathepsin D as influenced by cell proliferation or transformation
Authors: Isidoro Ciro , Demoz Marina , De Stefanis Daniela , Baccino Francesco M. , Bonelli Gabriella 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between cell growth and intra‐ and extracellular accumulation of cathepsin D (CD), a lysosomal endopepti‐dase involved in cell protein breakdown, was examined in cultures of normal and transformed BALB/c mouse 3T3 fibro‐blasts grown at various cell densities. In crowded cultures of normal 3T3 cells (doubling time, Td, 53 hr) intracellular CD activity was 2–fold higher than in sparse, rapidly‐growing (Td, 27 hr) cultures. In uncrowded (Td, 18 hr) and crowded (Td, 32 hr) cultures of benzo[a]pyrene‐transformed cells intracellular CD levels were one third and two thirds, respectively, of those measured in hyperconfluent 3T3 cultures. Regardless of cell density, SV‐40–virus‐transformed cells (Td, 12 hr) contained one third of CD levels found in hyperconfluent 3T3 cells. Both transformed cell lines released into the medium a higher proportion of CD, compared with their untransformed counterpart, yet the amount secreted was not sufficient to account for the reduced intracellular level of the enzyme. Serum withdrawal induced a marked increase of both intra‐ and extracellular levels of CD activity. In both normal and virally or chemically transformed 3T3 cells CD comprised a precursor (52 kDa) and processed mature polypeptides; the latter were mostly represented by a 48–kDa peptide, but a minor part was in a double‐chain form (31 and 16 kDa respectively). The proportion of mature enzyme vs. precursor was much higher in confluent, slowly‐growing cells than in fast‐growing cells, whether normal or transformed. In the latter, conversion of mature 48–kDa peptide into the double‐chain form occurred more efficiently. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.