bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stokes to head key House subcommittee
Authors: Jones Richard 
Published: October 2006

In an action that is almost certain to have consequences for the National Science Foundation and NASA, Louis Stokes (D‐Ohio) has been named chairman of the House Appropriations Veterans Administration, Housing and Urban Development, Independent Agencies Subcommittee. Stokes replaces Bob Traxler (D‐Mich.), who retired this year.It would be difficult to exaggerate the importance that this subcommittee and its counterpart in the Senate, headed by Barbara Mikulski (D‐Md.), have in controlling NSF and NASA. These subcommittees not only determine the agencies' budgets, but, in many cases, their direction.
King named EOS Senior Project Scientist
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Michael D. King has begun work as senior project scientist for NASA's Earth Observing System at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. King previously served as deputy team leader for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) science team and is a member of the science team for the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument. He is also adjunct professor of Atmospheric Science, Department of Oceanography, at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.He received his degree in physics from Colorado College in 1971 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in atmospheric sciences from the University of Arizona in 1973 and 1977, respectively.
Atmospheric studies by optical methods
Authors: Steen Åke 
Published: October 2006

The 19th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods was held in Kiruna, Sweden, from August 10 to 14. About 120 scientists from thirteen countries contributed talks and posters to eight topical sessions.The annual optical meeting, which was first held in Stockholm in 1972, provides a platform for the exchange of ideas, scientific results, and instrumental information on atmospheric studies collected by optical methods. Although the primary objective is to stimulate high‐level scientific discussions, social activities are included in the conference program to expose participants to the host city's local culture, industry, and sights. Participants from all parts of the world are welcome to attend.
Global undersea research program examined
Authors: Hotta /.H. , Hattori M. , Fujioka K. , Kusakabe M. , Matsumoto T. , Tanaka T. 
Published: October 2006

Geological understanding of age and horizontal variations of oceanic plates from mid‐ocean ridges to deep‐sea trenches, including interactive phenomena between continental and oceanic plates, especially in areas transecting trenches, arcs, and back‐arc basins was addressed at the 1992 Workshop on the Global Undersea Research Program, held at the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC), Tokyo, Japan, from September 2 to 4, 1992. The meeting was held following a proposal at the 1991 International Symposium to commemorate the 20th anniversary of JAMSTEC to hold a workshop on undersea research to discuss the utilization of undersea devices such as manned submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).The goals of the September meeting were to improve research cooperation among organizations using manned submersibles or ROVs; to support more effective research programs by avoiding unnecessary research duplication; and to discuss new technologies, scientific needs, and functional requirements for hardware being developed for manned submersibles and ROVs. About twenty‐five scientists participated from the National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); University of Hawaii; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation des Mers (IFREMER), France; Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo; Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo; Geological Survey of Japan; Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS), Deacon Laboratory, United Kingdom; and JAMSTEC.
Deglaciation triggered by the resumption of North Atlantic Deep Water
Authors: Wright James D. 
Published: October 2006

Changes in the distribution of solar radiation received on Earth, as a result of the planet's orbital variations, are well‐established as the pacemaker of Pleistocene climate change [Hays et al, 1976]. However, several hypotheses suggest that these radiation changes cannot account by themselves for the manner in which the ice ages wax and wane. New evidence clearly defines the role of deep ocean circulation during the last deglaciation and supports a stronger connection between deep ocean circulation changes and warming trends.Considering only the effect of solar radiation, climate change such as the transition from the last ice age to the present should occur gradually over several thousand years and should be out of phase in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. However, the last deglaciation was composed of two distinct steps, each of which lasted less than 1 kyr [Fairbanks, 1989] and, apparently, was “felt” synchronously between the hemispheres. Hypotheses proposed to explain this most recent climate change focus either on changes in the level of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, methane, and water vapor, or on large‐scale ocean circulation, which delivers heat to high latitudes.
The challenge of marine positioning
Authors: Kumar Muneedra , Maul George A. 
Published: October 2006

Studying geodesy and the making of maps and charts, learning the engineering of land and hydrographic surveying, and mastering the art of navigating over vast oceans have been our oldest quests. Most of our efforts have been concentrated on accurate positioning on land, and when we did extend seaward, our main efforts were confined to surface positions over oceans for navigation or to locate assets in shallow waters.In maritime countries concerned with navigation over oceans, efforts were expanded to make nautical charts, especially beyond their shorelines. The most important challenge was to sail accurately, efficiently, and in the correct direction over long distances across known and unknown oceans.
Project Halo: The annular solar eclipse of 1994
Authors: Mims Forrest M. 
Published: October 2006

Solar eclipses are most often described in terms of their astronomical significance, but they also provide a unique opportunity to study various atmospheric phenomena. Because eclipses are brief and usually occur over oceans or remote land surfaces, these opportunities are quite rare. Thus, a comment about the solar eclipse of May 20, 1947, remains as valid today as when it was published nearly half a century ago: “Something also can be learned about how the upper levels of the Earth's own atmosphere are affected by the Sun's rays, by noting what happens in the atmosphere when those rays are cut off during an eclipse” [Colton, 1947].The annular eclipse of May 10, 1994, will provide a significant opportunity for observers in the United States since its centerline will sweep from New Mexico to Maine (Figure 1). I have begun Project Halo to encourage observations of this eclipse, which will be the last visible from the continental United States until 2017.
Heterogeneous porous media in hydrology
Authors: Ababou Rachid 
Published: October 2006

In natural geologic formations, flow and transport‐related processes are perturbed by multidimensional and anisotropic material heterogeneities of diverse sizes, shapes, and origins (bedding, layering, inclusions, fractures, grains, for example). Heterogeneity tends to disperse and mix transported quantities and may initiate new transfer mechanisms not seen in ideally homogeneous porous media. Effective properties such as conductivity and dispersivity may not be simple averages of locally measured quantities.The special session, “Effective Constitutive Laws for Heterogeneous Porous Media,” convened at AGU's 1992 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, addressed these issue. Over forty‐five contributions, both oral and poster, covering a broad range of physical phenomena were presented. The common theme was the macroscale characterization and modeling of flow and flow‐related processes in geologic media that are heterogeneous at various scales (from grain size or fracture aperture, up to regional scales). The processes analyzed in the session included coupled hydro‐mechanical processes; Darcy‐type flow in the saturated, unsaturated, or two‐phase regimes; tracer transport, dilution, and dispersion. These processes were studied for either continuous (porous) or discontinuous (fractured) media.
1992 Fall Meeting is largest ever
Authors: Furlong Kevin P. 
Published: October 2006

The 1992 AGU Fall Meeting, which was held in San Francisco from December 7 to 11, continued the pattern of Fall Meeting growth and was the largest AGU meeting held to date. For the first time in several years, the meeting was held under one roof in the Civic Auditorium and Brooks Hall. Approximately 4571 papers (oral and poster) were presented and more than 6200 geophysicists registered for the meeting—an increase of 11% in paper presentations and 12% in registrations.Holding the meeting under one roof has been an objective for some time. This year, through judicious use of space and a more effective organization of poster sessions, it was achieved.
1993 CEDAR Meeting planned
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The 1993 Annual Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) meeting will be held from June 21 to June 26, in Boulder, Colo. Both workshops and tutorials will be featured.A Data Analysis School at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is being organized by Jeffrey Forbes for June 26. It will emphasize the analysis of time series data with gaps and will give each speaker the same data set to look at the different analysis techniques. Several topics to be discussed are digital signal processing, spectral methods, Fourier techniques, fast Fourier transforms, periodograms, nonstationary time series (such as 2‐day waves), wavelets, and curve fitting.
WHOI establishes new fellowships
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has received a $400,000 challenge grant from the Henry L. and Grace Doherty Charitable Foundation, Inc., to create WHOI's first‐ever endowed postdoctoral scholarships. The grant is to be matched by funds raised by WHOI from other donors, with a combined amount totaling $1,200,000. The Doherty Postdoctoral Scholarships will be given to individuals in various disciplines of oceanography, applied physics, and ocean engineering in their first and/or second postdoctoral year.WHOI currently offers postdoctoral appointments for 1 year, but an 18‐month appointment is under consideration. “One year is not sufficient for new scientists to prove themselves in the competition for federal funds,” said John Farrington, associate director for education and dean of graduate studies. “Increasingly, scientists need 1 year to get their science up and running, and another year to master federal proposals. Providing 18 months of postdoctoral support is critical to recruiting young scientists in the field of oceanography,” he said.
Natural resources awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

In 1992 the Renewable Natural Resources Foundation established the nation's first awards to honor interdisciplinary achievements in the renewable natural resources fields. RNRF invites nominations for the 1993 Outstanding Achievement and Sustained Achievement awards. June 1 is the deadline for both.The Outstanding Achievement Award recognizes a project, publication, piece of legislation, or similar concrete accomplishment that occurred during the 3 years prior to nomination for the award.
Fall Meeting Subsurface Hydrology Highlights
Authors: Bales Roger 
Published: October 2006

As has become the norm in recent years, subsurface hydrology sessions took place every day of AGU's Fall 1992 Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. Sessions were organized around various approaches to groundwater modeling, hydrogeology field studies, hydrochemical investigations, vadose‐zone studies, and measurement methods. Session chairs contributed the following highlights.A well‐attended special session looked at the “History of Groundwater Hydrology in the Nuclear Era.” F. L. Parker, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., reviewed early developments in U.S. radioactive‐waste disposal and offered the provocative viewpoint that a disposal program is characterized by a high degree of inflexibility. W. W. Dudley of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo., summarized the hydrological studies that have been such an important component of the nuclear explosion program at the Nevada Test Site. Two papers presented results of investigations in connection with the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, where military waste is to be stored in salt.
Scientific papers: A new paradigm
Authors: Reid George C. 
Published: October 2006

The problem of how to organize and write a scientific paper is a very basic one for most of us. A scientific paper is, after all, the only tangible product of a research scientist and, like all products, will be a failure if not marketed properly to reach its potential buyers. I think that a lack of attention to this “marketing and sales” aspect of research is a serious fault in our community, by which I mean those of us who publish in AGU journals.The potential audience for a scientific paper can be divided roughly into three distinct categories. The first group is usually rather small in number, consisting of fellow scientists working in a very closely related field, and to whom the details of the work are of major importance. The second group is also fellow scientists, but their interest is less sharply focused, and they are concerned with the broad outlines of the work and essential results. The third group is the sponsors and the people who actually pay for the work, whose interest in the details is minimal and they, sadly enough, are often concerned only with the fact that a paper has been published rather than its content.
VGP highlights of Spring Meeting
Authors: Morse S. A. 
Published: October 2006

Two special events of interest to Union and VGP section members will take place on Tuesday afternoon, May 25, during AGU's Spring Meeting in Baltimore.R. A. Daly Lecture: Every section of AGU has an established “Bowie Lecture” named after a distinguished scientist associated with the work of the section. These lectures are delivered by special invitation during the annual AGU Spring or Fall meetings and are highlighted in the program. The VGP lecture is named for Reginald A. Daly, but it has never been given. Its inauguration at this year's Spring Meeting celebrates the distinguished career of this famous Harvard professor and author of the seminal Igneous Rocks and the Depths of the Earth (1914, 1933). Most fittingly, the inaugural lecture will be given by David Walker of Columbia University's Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory after a day‐long Union session on discontinuities in the mantle. Dave's lecture, “Errors in Earth Evolution,” will start at 4:45 P.M. We can expect to hear an original and provocative talk that features exciting, new data.
An IAVCEI commentary on the Galeras Tragedy
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) views the Decade Volcanos Project as an integral part of its efforts, outlined in full by Barberi et al. “1990”, during the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). The project is only one of several proposed IAVCEI activities for the IDNDR. The IAVCEI Executive Committee wishes to express its sadness and regret that the lives of colleagues were lost during the Galeras eruption in pursuit of the goals of the Decade Volcanos Project.Significant advances have been made in recent years in monitoring restless volcanos and in predicting, in a general sense, new periods of eruption. The behavior of magma beneath volcanos can be monitored by a wide range of techniques, and there have been some notable successes in predicting the timing of explosive outbursts, for example, at Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines in June 1991. However, the recent tragedies at Unzen (Japan, 1991), Galeras (Columbia, 1993), and most recently, Mayon (Philippines, 1993), bring into sharp focus the hazardous and unpredictable nature of active volcanos. These events illustrate that scientists still have much to learn before they develop a clear understanding of how volcanos work and how volcanic eruptions can be predicted accurately—particularly single, sharp, explosive events such as that on Galeras January 14.
Ocean acoustics program underway
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A major international project using undersea acoustics to directly measure ocean climate has been funded with a $35 million research contract procured by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego.Scripps scientists are the leading investigators in the 30‐month Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) project, which is being funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The project will be led by Walter Munk, a professor of geophysics at Scripps. Eleven institutions and eight nations—Australia, Canada, France, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States—are involved in the project.
Inge Lehmann (1888–1993)
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann died on February 21 at the age of 105. In 1971, she was awarded AGU's William Bowie Medal, given for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and unselfish cooperation in research. She was also an AGU Fellow.Lehmann's career began in 1925 in Copenhagen, where she was responsible for the establishment of a large seismic network with stations in several locations. She became chief of the Seismological Department of the Royal Danish Geodetic Institute in 1928, and held the position until her retirement in 1952. For 25 years, she was the only Danish seismologist.
AGU members elected to Academy
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Six AGU members are among the sixty new members and fifteen foreign associates elected on April 27 to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.AGU members elected were AGU Past‐President G. Brent Dalrymple of USGS, Menlo Park, Calif.; Donald J . DePaolo, University of California, Berkeley; Ho‐Kwang (David) Mao, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C.; Mario J . Molina, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; and Alexandra Navrotsky, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. Elected as foreign associates were Nikolai V. Sobolev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, and Friedrich H. Busse, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
Electronic GP information
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Section's Executive Committee is instituting an e‐mail list of active GP members. Only those members who would like to receive informal information about current topics, events, or happenings in geomagnetism and paleomagnetism will be on the list. The e‐mail list promises to be well‐used as we have already received requests for inclusion from several geomagnetists and paleomagnetists.If you wish to be included, send your name, address, and e‐mail address to Sue Beske‐Diehl, Secretary—GP Section of AGU, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Geology, Geophysics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townshend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931—1295; fax 906‐487‐3371; e‐mail sbeske‐d@mtu.edu.
1992 Editors' Citations: Excellence in refereeing
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The reviewers whose photographs appear below have been cited by editors of AGU's journals for excellence in refereeing. The editor's citation recognizes this special service to the Union, and the individuals listed below are to be commended for consistently providing constructive and thoughtful reviews. They were recognized at the Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md.Reviewers cited who do not appear here will be recognized in next week's Eos.
Scientists study active volcanos
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

To gain a better understanding of the volcanic process, which may lead to the ability to predict eruptions and ultimately save lives, volcanologists need to study active volcanos. In spite of the risk involved, research at these volcanos gives valuable information to understanding what takes place before, during, and after a volcanic eruption, said Stan Williams, Arizona State University, Tempe. He added that “volcanos produce a crisis and volcanologists hope to intervene.”Williams, a survivor of the January 14 Galeras eruption in Colombia that killed six volcanologists, was taking samples when the volcano exploded with no warning. He knew that the volcano had the potential to erupt because of high levels of volcanic gases. After another eruption in March, scientists began to see a pattern in the long‐period seismic waves that preceded the eruptions. Although they cannot yet predict exactly when the next eruption will occur, Williams said Galeras is about to erupt again and that volcanologists are able to forecast the probability of an eruption within a time frame.
San Andreas drilling sites selected
Authors: Ellsworth Bill , Zoback Mark 
Published: October 2006

A new initiative for drilling and coring directly into the San Andreas fault at depths up to 10 km is being proposed by an international team of scientists led by Mark Zoback, Stanford University; Steve Hickman and Bill Ellsworth, U.S. Geological Survey; and Lee Younker, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. In addition to exhuming samples of fault rock and fluids from seismogenic depths, the hole will be used to make a wide range of geophysical measurements within the fault zone and to monitor the fault zone over time.Four areas along the San Andreas have been selected as candidates for deep drilling: the Mojave segment of the San Andreas between Leona Valley and Big Pine, the Carrizo Plain, the San Francisco Peninsula between Los Altos and Daly City, and the Northern Gabilan Range between the Cienga winery and Melendy Ranch. These sites were chosen from an initial list compiled at the International Fault Zone Drilling Workshop held in Asilomar, Calif., in December 1992 and at meetings held this winter and spring in Menlo Park, Calif.
Droessler receives Smith Medal
Authors: Malone Thomas , Droessler Earl G. 
Published: October 2006

The Waldo E. Smith Medal for extraordinary service to geophysics was presented to Earl G. Droessler at the 1992 AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on December 9, 1992. The meeting was held in San Francisco. The award citation, delivered by Thomas Malone, as well as Droessler's response, are presented here.“With consummate wisdom, unfettered imagination, boundless enthusiasm, and gentle persuasion, Earl Droessler has been one of the prime movers in the elevation of geophysics to prominence in the scientific community during the second half of the 20th century. His contributions began [when he was] a key figure in the Geophysics Section of the Office of Naval Research in the 1940s, when ONR was pioneering in establishing productive links between the federal government and the university community.
Union and section officer nominations for 1994–1996
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The nominees listed below are those of the Union and Section nominating committees and have been approved by the AGU Council.Additional nominations may be made by membership petition. There are no age, nationality, or residence restrictions. All members except Associates are eligible to serve as officers. Petitions should be sent to the General Secretary, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20009. They must be received no later than July 19, 1993. Each petition must be accompanied by a letter from the proposed candidate agreeing to be a candidate and to serve if elected.