bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refinement in the Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed Face using Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Bikhazi Nadim B. , Maas Corey S. 
Published: October 2005

A number of surgical procedures exist to improve facial symmetry for patients with facial paralysis. Whereas static symmetry is often improved, dynamic asymmetry frequently persists because of the imbalance of complex coordinated movements of facial expression. The paralyzed face is often distorted by the excessive pull of the normal contralateral face during emotional expression. This study reports an expanded clinical indication for botulinum toxin in patients with unilateral facial paralysis. Ten patients with facial paralysis and markedly asymmetric smiles were treated with botulinum toxin A injections into the contralateral zygomaticus major, levators labii superioris and angulii oris, or risorius muscles. Eight of the 10 patients noted improvement in the symmetry of their smiles and underwent repeat injections. The onset and duration of effect averaged 5.9 days and 3 months, respectively. Botulinum toxin therapy provides a safe and efficacious modality for refining the appearance of the paralyzed face during mimetic activity.
Preoperative and Postoperative Nasal Septal Surgery Assessment with Acoustic Rhinometry
Authors: Shemen Larry , Hamburg Richard 
Published: October 2005

INTRODUCTIONAcoustic rhinometry is a relatively new tool used for the measurement of the geometry of the nasal fossa. We hypothesized that acoustic rhinometry would be useful for preoperative and postoperative assessment of patients undergoing septal surgery.METHODS AND MATERIALTwenty‐four patients undergoing septal surgery performed by two surgeons underwent preoperative and postoperative rhinometry. The indications for surgery were nasal obstruction caused by a deviated nasal septum. Rhinometry was conducted with the Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometry System (Hood Laboratories). Analysis of the data was performed with the Kwikstat program (Texasoft) and Excel (Microsoft).RESULTSSubjective improvement in nasal patency was significantly correlated with improvement in acoustic rhinometry.CONCLUSIONSAcoustic rhinometry is valuable in objectively confirming nasal patency after nasal septal and turbinate surgery.
Prosthesis Size in Stapedectomy
Authors: Fucci Michael J. , Lippy William H. , Schuring Arnold G. , Rizer Franklin M. 
Published: October 2005

Primary stapedectomies were performed on 60 patients with bilateral otosclerosis. Every patient had a 4 mm long Robinson prosthesis with a 0.4 mm wide shaft placed in one ear and a 4 mm long Robinson prosthesis with 0.6 mm wide shaft placed in the opposite ear. With the 0.4 mm wide prosthesis, 54 patients overclosed the air bone gap and 6 were within 10 dB of closing. With the 0.6 mm wide prosthesis, which was placed in the opposite ear, 51 patients overclosed their air‐bone gap and 8 were within 10 dB of closing. We conclude that there is no statistical difference in hearing results between the 0.4 mm and the 0.6 mm wide Robinson prosthesis when they are used in a partial stapedectomy with a vein graft covering the oval window.
Induction of Labyrinthitis Ossificans after Pneumococcal Meningitis: An Animal Model
Authors: Brodie Hilary A. , Thompson Teresa C. , Vassilian Lara , Lee Becky N. 
Published: October 2005

Newly formed disorganized bone fills the open spaces within the otic capsule in various pathologic conditions, resulting in labyrinthitis ossificans. The pathologic mechanisms of this disease remain poorly understood. To better study the sequence of events and contributing mechanisms involved in labyrinthitis ossificans, an animal model was developed. Three groups of Mongolian gerbils received either an intralabyrinthine injection of normal saline solution (group 1) or Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide capsule antigens (groups 2 and 3). The temporal bones were harvested after 3 months and serially sectioned. None of the eight control animals (group 1), which received intralabyrinthine injections of normal saline solution had any histologic changes in their temporal bones. Nine of the surviving 19 animals in groups 2 and 3 had fibrosis or evidence of early ossification. A fourth group of Mongolian gerbils received two intrathecal injections of live S. pneumoniae organisms. The temporal bones were harvested after 3 months and serially sectioned. Fourteen of the surviving 15 animals had fibrosis or ossification or both. This animal model will provide a method for study of the mechanisms of labyrinthitis ossificans.
Otologic and Laryngologic Manifestations of Mucopolysaccharidoses after Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Papsin B. C. , Vellodi A. , Bailey C.M. , Ratcliffe P. C. , Leighton S. E. J. 
Published: October 2005

INTRODUCTIONChildren with mucopolysaccharidosis have significant functional impairment of a number of systems because of deposition of glycosaminoglycans. The otolaryngologic system is affected, resulting in conductive and sensorineural hearing loss and voice abnormality.METHODEleven children who had undergone bone marrow transplantation had their hearing and voices assessed. Unmatched data from patients who had not undergone transplantation were collected for nonstatistical comparison.RESULTSThe hearing loss in children who had undergone bone marrow transplantation was variable but on average was less severe than in the younger children who had not undergone transplantation. The incidence of otitis media with effusion was diminished in the transplanted group. Approximately half had normal voices.DISCUSSIONDiminution of the progression of hearing loss and voice abnormality probably occurs in patients after treatment by bone marrow transplantation.
Distortion‐Product Otoacoustic Emissions Hearing Screening in High‐Risk Newborns
Authors: Salata James A. , Jacobson John T. , Strasnick Barry 
Published: October 2005

Universal infant hearing screening has recently been recommended by the National Institutes of Health. Otoacoustic emissions have been proposed as the first‐level screening technique. Although transient evoked otoacoustic emissions have shown limited applications, distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions hold promise as a screening technique but have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions as a hearing screening technique. A total of 208 ears of 104 infants at risk for hearing loss were tested with both automated auditory brain stem response and distortion‐product otoacoustic emission screening protocols. Acoustic brain stem response results were used as the standard for normal hearing. Distortion‐product otoacoustic emission results were analyzed by means of calculation of the difference between the mean of the response levels and the mean of the noise floor levels from five frequency pairs between 2000 and 4000 Hz. Pass‐fail rates for response above noise floor criteria of 5, 10, and 15 dB were examined. The sensitivity of distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions was 50%, 67%, and 87%, and the specificity was 94%, 68%, and 38% at the 5,10, and 15 dB levels, respectively. The pass‐fail criterion of distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions should be based on instrumentation calibration, infant status, and an acceptable false‐positive, false‐negative yield. The ability to test rapidly the hearing of all infants with distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions points to the feasibility of using this test as a first‐stage screen.
Effects of 21‐Aminosteroid U‐74389G on Acute Otitis Media in a Guinea Pig Model
Authors: Haddad Joseph , Egusa Kentaro , Takoudes Thomas G. 
Published: October 2005

Free radicals participate in the development of disease under inflammatory conditions. Lipid peroxides such as malondialdehyde are regarded as markers of cell membrane damage by oxidative stresses. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that Iipidperoxidation is increased in acute otitis media in guinea pigs, implicating a role for free radicals as contributors to inflammation. In this study we examined the effect of Iazaroid U‐74389G, a 21‐aminosteroid, on acute otitis media in guinea pigs. Streptococcus pneumoniae organisms were inoculated into the right tympanic cavity; sterilized phosphate‐buffered saline solution was injected into the left ear to serve as a control. The guinea pigs were given intraperitoneal injections of 40 mg/kg of a Iazaroid compound or its vehicle every 12 hours. Middle ear mucosa was collected and used for assay. We quantified lipid peroxide by means of the methylene blue‐hemoglobin method and by means of measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. Lazaroid significantly (p<0.05) suppressed production of lipid hyproperoxide of the middle ear mucosa of the guinea pigs with acute otitis media for up to 24 hours. These results suggest that Iazaroid may reduce Iipoperoxidation in the middle ear at an early stage of acute otitis media.
Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome Caused by Indolent Aspergillus Sphenoid Sinusitis
Authors: Bikhazi Nadim B. , Sloan Steven H. 
Published: October 2005

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common fungal pathogen of the paranasal sinuses. Its clinical significance ranges from noninvasive colonization to fulminant invasion of the sinuses and surrounding structures. Immunocompromised individuals are at highest risk for invasive infection. While the maxillary sinus is most commonly affected, isolated sphenoid sinusitis is infrequent.1 Complications of sphenoid involvement result from extension into contiguous structures such as the orbit, cavernous sinus, or brain. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are paramount to reducing morbidity and mortality.Superior orbital fissure syndrome includes ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, forehead hypesthesia, and retro‐orbital pain. Any process that invades the superior orbital fissure may lead to this constellation of findings. We report a case of indolent Aspergillus sphenoid sinusitis presenting as a superior orbital fissure syndrome over a 6‐week period. The unusual clinical and radiologic features of this report that led to a delay in diagnosis and treatment are detailed.
p53 Expression and p53 Gene Mutation in Oral Cancer and Dysplasia
Authors: Rowley Helena , Sherrington Paul , Helliwell Timothy R. , Kinsella Anne , Jones Andrew S. 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUNDThe aim of the current study was to examine the possible association of the p53 tumor suppressor gene with the development of oral cancer. We examined biopsy material from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma for p53 protein expression and p53 mutations.METHODSEighteen samples were analyzed. These comprised oral squamous cell carcinoma biopsy samples and oral dysplastic biopsy material taken from nine patients. An immunohistochemical technique was used to determine p53 protein expression. A direct sequencing technique was used to detect mutations in the p53 gene itself.RESULTSOverall seven of nine (77%) oral squamous cell carcinomas and seven of nine (77%) oral dysplastic lesions analyzed showed evidence of p53 protein over‐expression. Mutations in exons 5 and 6 of the p53 gene were detected in five of nine (55%) oral squamous cell carcinomas and four of nine (44%) dysplastic lesions analyzed.CONCLUSIONSBoth p53 protein over‐expression and p53 mutations were noted in dysplastic oral lesions. Over‐expression of the p53 protein and p53 gene mutations were not always coexistent, however, suggesting that gene mutation may be only one of the mechanisms responsible for stabilization of the p53 protein.
Complications and Functional Outcome after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy with Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy
Authors: Naudo Philippe , Laccourreye Ollivier , Weinstein Gregory , Jouffre Véronique , Laccourreye Henri , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: October 2005

We present a review of the postoperative course, complications, and functional outcome of 190 patients consecutively treated with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy. The average times until removal of the tracheostomy and nasogastric feeding tubes were 9 and 16 days, respectively. The postoperative mortality rate was 1%. Major complications included pneumonia from aspiration, cervical wound infection, symptomatic laryngocele, ruptured pexis, laryngeal chondroradionecrosis, and laryngeal stenosis in 8.5%, 4.2%, 3.1%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.5% of the patients, respectively. Completion total laryngectomy, permanent gastrostomy, and permanent tracheostomy were requested in 0.5% of the patients. Normal swallowing without gastrostomy and respiration without tracheostomy was achieved by the first postoperative year in 98.4% (187/190) of the patients. This article presents a univariate analysis of the potential correlation between various variables and the duration of tracheostomy and the length of time the nasogastric feeding tubes were inserted, the mortality incidence and causes, the incidence and type of the various complications, and the duration of hospitalization. Comparison of our data with the reported functional results after vertical partial laryngectomy suggested that supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy does not result in an increased rate of postoperative complications.
Ireland's Nice Referenda
Authors: Costello Cathryn 
Published: October 2005

Part One: Referenda required to amend Irish Constitution. Referenda on accession to EEC, the Single European Act, Maastricht and Amsterdam. Development by courts of rules for fairness of referendum campaigns. Referendum Acts and Referendum Commission.Part Two: First Nice Referendum dominated by euro-anxiety, Irish neutrality and enlargement. Second referendum on same subject not unusual and acceptable according to domestic criteria. Concessions and clarifications. Effect on the Convention on the Future of Europe.Part Three: implications for the Constitutional Treaty.
Rethinking EU Scholarship
Authors: Zemanek Jiri , Xuereb Peter G. , de Witte Bruno , Weiler J.H.H. , Roobol W.H. , Shaw Jo , Pernice Ingolf , Maduro Miguel Poiares , Louis Jean-Victor , Lawson Rick , Eijsbouts W.T. , Curtin Deirdre , de Búrca Gráinne , Benz Arthur , Michaelis Lars 
Published: October 2005

Following the dramatic No votes in the French and Dutch referendums on 29 May and 1 June 2005, a need was felt in the European constitutional law profession to react to the shock.EuConst invited members of its Board and members of the European Constitutional Law Network to write a short comment about possible and possibly salutary effects of the events on the ways of European scholarship and teaching. Below are the reactions received. Authors are all members of ECLN and/or the Board of EuConst.The contributions to this issue of EuConst by Jacques Ziller, Sacha Prechal and Herman van Gunsteren carry their comments on the events incorporated.
Over-expression of GbRac1 gene in transgenic tobacco enhances disease resistance to Alternaria alternata in vitro
Authors: Wei-Min Li , Zhi-Xing Wang , Shi-Rong Jia 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGbRac1 gene was cloned from Gossypium barbadense with degenerate primers and 3′-RACE. Northern blot analysis indicated that GbRac1 mRNA was expressed abundantly in G. barbadense seedlings inoculated with Verticillium dehliae compared with mock-inoculated plants. A plant constitutive expression vector pRac harbouring GbRac1 gene was constructed and leaf discs of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. NC89) were transformed with pRac by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Disease challenge test of detached leaves of the transgenic plants by inoculation with Alternaria alternata showed that resistance was enhanced dramatically compared with the non-transgenic plants. Results suggest that GbRac1 gene might have potential application in the genetic engineering of plants with enhanced disease resistance.
RAPD and large subunit nuclear rDNA sequence analyses of the entomogenous fungus Aschersonia
Authors: Jun-Zhi Qiu , Zhi-Peng Huang , Jie-Ru Pan , Xue-Qin Xie , Yan-Ping Zhu , Fang Fang , Shao-Sheng Zhang , Xiong Guan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEleven isolates within four species of the entomogenous fungus Aschersonia from China, the USA, Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia and Columbia were characterized using 17 RAPD primers. Genetic diversity among these strains of Aschersonia was found. The clustering results showed that the genetic variability among interspecies was more than that among intraspecies of Aschersonia. In the constructed phylogenetic tree, these isolates were not clustered according to their geographic origins or hosts. Furthermore, sequences of the divergent domain at the 5′-end of the large subunit (LSU) in nuclear rRNA from the mitosporic entomogenous fungi were employed to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of 11 Aschersonia isolates. The relationships of interspecies or intraspecies shown in the phylogenetic tree were almost consistent with the results of the morphological study. Different species isolated from different geographic origins could be clearly distinguished in the tree. But there were no close relationships among species isolated from the same family or order of insect hosts. The tree indicated that isolate Aa, belonging to A. aleyrodis, was the same as Aa992 and Aa3.4485. Moreover, results of RAPD analyses were consistent with those of LSU nuclear rDNA analysis for the same isolates tested, which consequently indicates that both methods can be independently applied for classification and identification of Aschersonia.
Construction and characterization of a recombinantFowlpox virusexpressing chicken type II interferon
Authors: Yong-Ke Sun , Yun-Feng Wang , Hai-Dong Zhi , Sheng-Wang Liu , Mei Wang , Guang-Zhi Tong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterferon, an important cytokine, is an immunomodulator and possesses antiviral and anti-tumour activity.In vitro, it can be administrated in the treatment of diseases alone or with genetically engineered vaccine to enhance the immune effect of the latter. The recombinant transferring vector pSY681–ChIFN-γ was obtained in this study by inserting the chicken type II interferon (ChIFN-γ) gene into theFowlpox virus(FPV) transferring vector pSY681. The resulting plasmid was then transfected into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell cultures pre-infected with the parental FPV S-FPV-017. Finally, the recombinantFowlpox virus(rFPV) expressingChIFN-γ (rFPV–ChIFN-γ) was produced by homologous recombination with the FPV gene in CEF. rFPV-positive plaques were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction analysis and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The rFPV–ChIFN-γ supernatants, cultured in CEF for 72 h and inoculated into rat fibroblasts (L929), had an inhibitory effect on the replication ofRous sarcoma virus(RSV) with an antiviral titre of 2048 U/ml.
cDNA cloning and prokaryotic expression of β-glucosidase in tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kutze]
Authors: Chang-Jun Jiang , Yuan-Hua Li , Wan-Ping Fang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe β-glucosidase gene has important effects on alcoholic aroma precursors and insect resistance of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kutze]. The complete cDNA sequence of β-glucosidase of the tea plant was cloned; its full length was 1475 bp, and shared 40–60% similarity with corresponding parts of the nucleotide sequence of β-glucosidase gene from other plants. Its secondary structure contains 14.33% α-helix, 25.43% β-pleated sheet and many functional amino acid domains. The β-glucosidase gene was cloned into the pET-32a expression system and expressed at high-efficiently in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3); the molecular weight of expressed fusion protein was 63 kDa. The results of enzymic reaction showed that the fusion protein possessed normal bioactivity, and it could catalyse the dehydration of the glycosidic bond. The soluble fusion protein was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm.
Development and preliminary application of gE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of the antibody to gE protein ofPseudorabies virusin pigs
Authors: Yong Tang , Huan-Chun Chen , Ya-Li Qin , Qi-Gai He , Mei-Lli Jin , Bin Wu , Zheng-Fei Liu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo differentiate pigs infected withPseudorabies virus(PrV) from pigs vaccinated with gE-PrV, a glycoprotein E enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gE-ELISA) based on recombinant glycoprotein E (gE) (which was expressed byEscherichia coli, purified, denatured and renatured) was developed. By testing 115 serum samples, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the developed gE-ELISA were evaluated to be 94.5% and 96.7%, respectively. Five serum samples were tested with plates from five lots, and the results had a coefficient of variation of less than 10%, showing good reproducibility of gE-ELISA. This gE-ELISA was compared with a commercial blocking ELISA by testing 356 serum samples. The agreement rate of the two assays was 92.13% (328/356). These results suggested that the gE-ELISA developed in our laboratory could be used in differentiating PrV-infected and gE-PrV-vaccinated pigs.
Cloning and sequencing of DNA components of Banana bunchy top virus Hainan isolate
Authors: Zhuang Jun Tian E. , Zhi-Xin Liu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSix DNA components of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using total DNA from banana tissues having the typical BBTV symptoms as template. The sequence analysis indicated that the six fragments (1104 nt, 1067 nt, 1059 nt, 1045 nt, 1014 nt and 1081 nt) were all full-length components of BBTV. The viral sequences from different countries were compared. Results revealed that the sequence of component 1 was more conservative than other components, DNA1 of the Hainan isolate shared 95.4% homology with that of the Vietnam isolate, while sequences of both components 2 and 4 showed less homology. DNA2 of the Hainan isolate only shared 83% homology with that of the Guangzhou isolate. According to the results of the DNA1 sequence comparison, the BBTV Hainan isolate should belong to the Asian sub-group.
Sequencing of cDNA clones and analysis of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] young shoots
Authors: Li-Ping Zhao , Qi-Kang Gao , Liang Chen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe construction of two cDNA libraries from young shoots of tea plant [Camellia sinensis cv. Longjing 43 and Anji Baicha], the sequencing of Longjing 43 cDNA clones and the analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are reported. Totally, 4320 clones from the cDNA library of Longjing 43 were sequenced, and 2963 useful sequences were obtained, corresponding to 68.6% of clones. A total of 416 clones shorter than 150 bp and 863 repeated clones were excluded, the first 1684 valid tea plant ESTs were generated. Most of the ESTs were between 300 and 700 bp, with an average of 478 bp. Six hundred and seven ESTs with known function or putative function were identified by BlastN searches against the National Center of Biotechnology Institute (NCBI) non-redundant nucleotide databases, corresponding to more than 130 functional genes in the tea plant. The rest, 1077 ESTs, were novel gene partial or full sequences. The results indicated that EST sequencing was a rapid and effective approach to identification of novel functional genes for tea plant.