bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of thermophilic campylobacters in sewage sludge
Authors: Jones K. , Betaieb M. , Telford D.R. 
Published: March 2008

The seasonal variation of thermophilic campylobacters in Lancaster's sewage sludge was studied over a 21 month period. The numbers in fresh sludge (from primary sedimentation) vary between approximately 200 and 5000/100 ml for most of the year but there was a large increase in May and June (in May 1988 there were 42100 campylobacters/100 ml which is 17 times more than in the preceding April). In 1989 there was a similar May/June peak but with lower numbers. This seasonal variation, measured by environmental monitoring, reflects the incidence of infections in the community. The same pattern was found in 2‐d old sludge but the numbers were substantially lower (40% lower over the experimental period).Thermophilic campylobacters were virtually absent from digested sludge and sludge prior to land distribution. Survival experiments confirm that campylobacters survive for only a few hours in both sterile and unsterile digested and undigested sludge. These results suggest that it is safe to dispose of Lancaster's digested sludge on land but there is still uncertainty about the ability of campylobacters to survive in sludge in the viable but non‐culturable form.
Heat shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance in Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Mackey B.M. , Derrick Christine 
Published: March 2008

The resistance of stationary phase Salmonella typhimurium to heating at 55°C was greater in cells grown in nutritionally rich than in minimal media, but in all media tested resistance was enhanced by exposing cells to a primary heat shock at 48°C. Chloramphenicol reduced the acquisition of thermotolerance in all media but did not completely prevent it in any.The onset of thermotolerance was accompanied by increased synthesis of major heat shock proteins of molecular weight about 83, 72, 64 and 25 kDa. When cells were shifted from 48°C to 37°C, however, thermotolerance was rapidly lost with no corresponding decrease in the levels of these proteins. There is thus no direct relationship between thermotolerance and the cellular content of the major heat shock proteins. One minor protein of molecular weight about 34 kDa disappeared rapidly following a temperature down‐shift. Its presence in the cell was thus correlated with the thermotolerant state.
The combined effect of incubation temperature, pH and sorbic acid on the probability of growth of non‐proteolytic, type B Clostridium botulinum
Authors: Lund Barbara M. , Graham Ann F. , George Susan M. , Brown D. 
Published: March 2008

Lund, B.M., Graham, A.F., George, S.M. & Brown, D. 1990. The combined effect of incubation temperature, pH and sorbic acid on the probability of growth of non‐proteolytic, type B Clostridium botulinum. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 481–492.It has been reported that non‐proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum will grow at 3.3°C, and they are therefore of concern in relation to certain chilled foods. The effects of combinations of inhibitory factors may be used to reduce the risk of growth of these bacteria in foods. The combined effect of pH values between 4.8 and 7.0, temperatures between 6° and 30°C, and sorbic acid concentrations up to 2270 mg/1 on the probability of growth from a single spore of non‐proteolytic, type B strains in a culture medium has been determined. A mathematical model has been developed that enables the effect of varying combinations of these factors on the probability of growth of non‐proteolytic, type B Cl. botulinum to be predicted.
Growth inhibition of selected food‐borne bacteria, particularly Listeria monocytogenes, by plant extracts
Authors: Chung King‐Thom , Thomasson W.R. , Wu‐Yuan Christine D. 
Published: March 2008

Chung, K.‐T., Thomasson, W.R. & Wu‐Yuan, C.D. 1990. Growth inhibition of selected food‐borne bacteria, particularly Listeria monocytogenes, by plant extracts. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 498–503.Six extracts from Chinese medicinal plants: Tin Men Chu, Sey Lau Pai, Siu Mao Heung, Bak Tao Yung, Kam Chin Chiu and Liao Ya, were tested for their inhibitory effect on selected food‐borne bacteria by the well assay technique. Among them, Tin Men Chu, Siu Mao Heung and Sey Lau Pai inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella paratyphi, Salm. enteritidis, Enterobacter aero‐genes, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteus vulgaris, Alcaligenes faecalis, and three strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Two of these three extracts, Tin Men Chu and Siu Mao Heung, suppressed the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A in cabbage juice. This inhibition was prevented by the addition of protein but not sodium chloride. Plant extracts show potential to control the growth of food‐borne bacteria.
A proposal for using previous experience in designing microbiological sampling plans based on variables
Authors: Smelt J.P.P.M. , Quadt J.F.A. 
Published: March 2008

Smelt, J.P.P.M. & Quadt, J.F.A. 1990. A proposal for using previous experience in designing microbiological sampling plans based on variables. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 504–511.A microbiological sampling system on the basis of variables is presented which requires only small numbers of replicates (n≥ 2). The system uses previous data on standard deviations of numbers of micro‐organisms in batches and is particularly useful for in‐plant situations. The discriminating power of the system is comparable to that of the current International Committee on Microbiological Specifications for Foods sampling schemes but uses more replicates.
The automatic maintenance of low dissolved oxygen using a photobacterial oxygen sensor for the study of microaerobiosis
Authors: Kavanagh E. , Hill S. 
Published: March 2008

Kavanagh, E. & Hill, S. 1990. The automatic maintenance of low dissolved oxygen using a photobacterial oxygen sensor for the study of microaerobiosis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 539–549.Conventional galvanic and polarographic oxygen electrodes are not sensitive enough to investigate microaerobic phenomena such as nitrogen fixation. Two sensors are available for this application. They are the oxygen‐dependent changes in either the absorption spectrum of leghaemoglobin, or the light emission by photo‐bacteria. We have coupled the latter to the automatic feedback control of agitation for the maintenance of predetermined low dissolved oxygen concentrations (DOCs) in bacterial suspensions. This method is inexpensive, provides accurate control of DOC, and the photobacterium is easily propagated. We have used this equipment to determine the optimum DOC for microaerobic nitrogenase activity in the facultative anaerobe Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Barrier properties of the Gram‐negative cell envelope towards high molecular weight polyhexamethylene biguanides
Authors: Gilbert P. , Pemberton D. , Wilkinson Diane E. 
Published: March 2008

Gilbert, P., Pemberton, D. & Wilkinson, D.E. 1990. Barrier properties of the Gram‐negative cell envelope towards high molecular weight polyhexamethylene biguanides. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 585–592.The antimicrobial activities of four discrete molecular weight fractions of polyhexamethylene biguanides towards a number of Escherichia coli strains have been investigated. Whilst activity of the polymers was observed to increase in proportion to polymerization number, the dependence of activity upon molecular weight was five times greater towards sphaeroplasts than towards whole cells. This suggested that the cell envelope, whilst not conferrring complete resistance to the agents, did provide a significant exclusion barrier. Comparison of the activities towards rough and deep‐rough lipopolysaccharide strains showed growth inhibitory activity, but not bactericidal activity nor respiratory inhibition, to be enhanced in the rough strains. Uptake studies showed mixed H‐ and C‐type adsorption with significantly greater numbers of high‐affinity binding sites being associated with rough than deep‐rough lipopolysaccharide. The binding affinity of polyhexamethylene biguanides towards cells was also enhanced in the rough strains. Binding affinity was, in all cases, significantly reduced in the presence of magnesium and suggested a mechanism of self‐promoted uptake for these biocides, facilitated through core lipopolysaccharide.
Changes in microbial populations during anaerobic flax retting
Authors: Donaghy J.A. , Levett P.N. , Haylock R.W. 
Published: March 2008

Donaghy, J.A., Levett, P.N. & Haylock, R.W. 1990. Changes in microbial populations during anaerobic flax retting. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 634–641.The bacterial flora of industrial and laboratory scale anaerobic flax rets were determined at intervals throughout the rets. Although after an initial lag period total bacterial numbers remained roughly constant there were fluctuations in the bacterial species constituting the total. Pure culture rets and enzyme assays were used to determine which strains had retting potential. Of the strains demonstrated to have retting ability Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis were numerically dominant from 10 to 40 h and were succeeded in dominance by Clostridium acetobutylicum and Cl. felsineum.
Ethanol tolerance, sugar tolerance and invertase activities of some yeast strains isolated from steep water of fermenting cassava tubers
Authors: Ekunsanmi T. J. , Odunfa S. A. 
Published: March 2008

Ekunsanmi, T.J. & Odunfa, S.A. 1990. Ethanol tolerance, sugar tolerance and invertase activities of some yeast strains isolated from steep water of fermenting cassava tubers. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 672–675.Thirteen yeasts isolated from the steep water of fermenting cassava tubers were screened for ethanol tolerance. Three strains which showed measurable growth in medium containing 10% (v/v) ethanol were also sugar‐tolerant and grew well in medium containing 25% (w/v) glucose. One of the strains, YC3, was found to possess much higher invertase activity than the other two and could be of value in ethanol production from molasses. Further search for industrially useful yeasts in African fermented foods is suggested.
A comparison of the sterol content of multiple isolates of the Candida albicans Darlington strain with other clinically azole‐sensitive and ‐resistant strains
Authors: Howell S.A. , Mallet A.I. , Noble W.C. 
Published: March 2008

Howell, S.A., Mallet, A.I. & Noble, W.C. 1990. A comparison of the sterol content of multiple isolates of the Candida albicans Darlington strain with other clinically azole‐sensitive and ‐resistant strains. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 692–696.The mechanism of azole resistance of Candida albicans NCPF 3310 (the deposited culture of the Darlington strain) has been investigated but never fully explained. Seven isolates of this strain, from various sources, were examined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry to detect changes in the sterol composition following passage through many laboratories over several years. Five of the seven, including one recently isolated from the patient, were found to be similar to each other in sterol content, containing large amounts of fecosterol. Of the remaining two, one was thought to be a sensitive variant, both produced only small quantities of fecosterol and resembled the normal clinical strains and other azole‐resistant strains in sterol content. The sterol composition of the Darlington strain was unique and apparently stable to prolonged in vitro experimentation and passage through the patient.
Wool‐colonizing micro‐organisms capable of utilizing wool‐lipids and fatty acids as sole sources of carbon and energy
Authors: Musallam Azza A. Al , Radwan S.S. 
Published: March 2008

Al Musallam, A.A. & Radwan, S.S. 1990. Wool‐colonizing micro‐organisms capable of utilizing wool‐lipids and fatty acids as sole sources of carbon and energy. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 806–813.Two keratinolytic fungi, Chrysosporium keratinophilum and Malbranchea anamorph of Uncinocarpus reesii, and another three wool‐colonizing fungi not previously reported to be keratinolytic, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and Scopulariopsis Candida, were isolated from soil samples baited with animal wool. These fungi were tested for their ability to utilize wool‐lipids as sole source of carbon and energy. The lipid contents of wool of various animals ranged between 2 and 5%. The different lipid extracts were similar in composition; they contained steryl esters, sterols, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and monoacylglycerols. The predominant acyl moiety in wool‐lipids of different animals was linolenic acid (18:2). The five fungi tested grew well on an inorganic medium supplemented with total wool‐lipids as sole sources of carbon and energy. Individual lipid classes fractionated by preparative thin layer chromatography and suspended into inorganic medium were able to support fungal growth as sole carbon sources. These fungi and another eight wool‐colonizing strains. C. tropicum, C. zonatum, C. anamorph of Arthroderma curryei, Microsporum cams, M. distortum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Emmonsia parva and Myceliophthora vellerae could also utilize standard lipids and fatty acids (cholesterol and palmitic and linoleic acids)‐ Evidence for the uptake and degradation of chloesterol by C. keratmophilum is presented.
Growth and nitrogenase activity of Azotobacter vinelandii on soil phenolic acids
Authors: Moreno J. , Rubia T. de la , Ramos‐Cormenzana A. , Vela G.R. 
Published: March 2008

Moreno, J., de la Rubia, T., Ramos‐Cormenzana, A. & Vela, G.R. 1990. Growth and nitrogenase activity of Azotobacter vinelandii on soil phenolic acids. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 850–855.Growth and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of Azotobacter vinelandii were studied in soil suspensions supplemented with p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, p‐coumaric and ferulic acids. Nitrogenase activity was detected only when the microorganism was cultured on p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, suggesting that this compound could be utilized as a carbon source by A. vinelandii for the maintenance of its biological activities under certain environmental conditions.
Heterotrophic plate counts and the isolation of bacteria from mineral waters on selective and enrichment media
Authors: Manaia Célia M. , Nunes Olga C. , Morais Paula V. , Costa M.S. Da 
Published: March 2008

Manaia, C.M., Nunes, O.C., Morais, P.V. & da Costa, M.S. 1990. Heterotrophic plate counts and the isolation of bacteria from mineral waters on selective and enrichment media. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 871–876.The heterotrophic plate counts of 15 brands of bottled non‐carbonated mineral waters were examined and found to be generally high and variable. Four selective or enrichment media for the enumeration of coliforms (m‐Endo LES and m‐lauryl sulphate agar) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cetrimide‐nalidixic acid agar and malachite green broth) were used to isolate several species of Gram‐negative bacteria. Strains identified as CDC gr IVc‐2 and Comamonas (Ps.) acidovorans were the two most commonly isolated. Considerable variation in populations was seen between the brands, as well as between two batches of the same mineral water.
The hydrolysis of lucerne cell‐wall monosaccharide components by monocultures or pair combinations of defined ruminal bacteria
Authors: Miron J. 
Published: March 2008

The defined ruminal bacterial strains Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD1, Ruminococcus albus 7, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1, and Bacteroides ruminicola GA33 were grown, in monocultures or as combinations of pair strains, on isolated lucerne cell‐walls (CW) as the sole carbohydrate substrate. Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 was the dominant strain determining extent of CW hydrolysis in all combinations with S85. The hydrolysis of cellulose, xylan, hemicellulose side‐sugars, and total CW monosaccharides by pure S85 were: 58·8, 47·3, 66·9 and 57·0%, respectively. The strains combination S85 plus D1 comprised the highest complementary effect, increasing significantly the hydrolysis of cellulose and total CW monosaccharides by 16% and 13%, respectively, above the values obtained by pure S85. This complementation was expressed also in growth pattern of bacteria.The monocultures of FD1, D1 and GA33 had very little hydrolytic effect on lucerne cellulose, but higher effects on xylan and hemicellulose side‐sugars. The combinations D1 plus GA33 and 7 plus GA33 were complementary in the hydrolysis of all CW polysaccharides. The combinations FD1 plus D1, FD1 plus GA33, and 7 plus D1 were complementary only with respect to hemicellulose hydrolysis. On the other hand, the cellulolytic combinations S85 plus FD1, S85 plus 7 and FD1 plus 7 demonstrated negative interactions in lucerne CW polysaccharides hydrolysis.Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), S85 comprised the most dense layer of bacterial cell mass attached to and colonized on CW particles. The cell surface topology of the cellulolytic strains S85, FD1 and 7 attached to CW particles was specified by a coat of characteristic protuberant structures.
Specific enumeration of lactic acid bacteria in fermenting grape must and wine by colony hybridization with non‐isotopic DNA probes
Authors: Lonvaud‐Funel Aline , Joyeux Annick , Ledoux O. 
Published: March 2008

A. LONVAUD‐FUNEL, A. JOYEUX AND O. LEDOUX. 1991. Total DNA extracted from lactic acid bacteria commonly found in musts and wines was randomly labelled with digoxigenin. It was assayed for the detection of several species by dot‐blot hybridization. The method proved to be specific as there was no cross‐hybridization between most of the species belonging to the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus, homofermentative and heterofermentative (Lact. plantarum, Lact. casei, Leuc. mesenteroides, Leuc. oenos, Ped. damnosus, Ped. pentosaceus). However, it failed for some Lact. brevis strains which strongly hybridized with Lact. hilgardii.Colony hybridization was performed directly on plates soon after enumeration. Eight probes of the most common species were used; it was possible to follow the evolution of each species during the vinification of two red wines. According to the phase of alcoholic fermentation, then malolactic fermentation, the predominance or regression of bacilli and cocci could be established.
Composition of the enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of poultry
Authors: Devriese L.A. , Hommez J. , Wijfels R. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: March 2008

Identification to species level showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium largely dominated the enterococcal and streptococcal gut flora of 1‐d‐old chicks. Enterococcus faecalis was rare in 3‐ to 5‐week‐old broilers. Two species, Ent. faecium and Streptococcus alactolyticus, were isolated from nearly all broilers examined. Enterococcus hirae and Ent. durans were found in the small intestines of this category of poultry.In layers and parent stock of over 12 weeks of age, Ent. cecorum dominated with Strep. alactolyticus ranking next. Other species were isolated irregularly. Enterococcus avium and Ent. gallinarum, originally described from chickens, were rarely found. These species did not appear to belong to the normal intestinal flora of poultry.
Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats
Authors: Devriese L.A. , Colque J.I. Cruz , De Herdt P. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: March 2008

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium‐like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum, shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.Forty‐seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called ‘Ton 31 group’ and ‘O7 group’ are described.
Growth, D‐glucose utilization and malolactic fermentation by Leuconostoc œnos strains in 18 media deficient in one amino acid
Authors: Fourcassie P. , Makaga‐Kabinda‐Massard E. , Belarbi A. , Maujean A. 
Published: March 2008

Six Leuconostoc œnos strains were used to study the effect of the deficiency of one amino acid on growth, heterofermentative pathway and malolactic fermentation. All strains had an absolute requirement for four amino acids (isoleucine, glutamic acid, tryptophan and arginine) and needed six other amino acids (valine, methionine, cysteine, leucine, aspartic acid and histidine) for optimum growth. Each deficiency in one amino acid had a particular effect on D‐glucose utilization. Overproduction and underproduction of D‐lactic acid were observed. The rate of L‐malic acid consumption in media deficient in one amino acid was lower than in the complete medium with all amino acids.Although some deficiencies (glycine, phenylalanine, proline or tyrosine) had no influence on the growth, they noticeably limited the malolactic fermentation.
Study of Enterobacteriaceae throughout the manufacturing and ripening of hard goats' cheese
Authors: Tornadijo Eugenia , Fresno J.M. , Carballo J. , Martín‐Sarmiento R. 
Published: March 2008

The evolution of the counts and the species of Enterobacteriaceae as well as some physico‐chemical parameters (pH, αwand NaCl and moisture contents) during manufacturing and ripening of a hard Spanish goats' cheese of the Armada‐Sobado variety were studied. Enterobacteriaceae (mean log counts 4.45 g‐1in milk) increased 0.71–2.18 log units in curd and afterwards decreased until they disappeared after 2–4 weeks of ripening. This premature disappearance seems to be due to the decrease in αwvalues and in moisture contents. However, the low pH values, reached from the beginning of the ripening process, could also contribute to this phenomenon.The most abundant species in milk wasSerratia liquefaciens(57.5% of isolates), followed byMorganella morganii(27.5%),Hafnia alvei(5%),Klebsiella oxytoca(5%) andYersinia enterocolitica(5%).Yersinia enterocoliticawas not subsequently isolated from either curd or in cheese.Hafnia alveinumbers increased in curd and in 1‐week‐old cheese where this micro‐organism was the most abundant (47.5% and 75% of the isolates respectively).Escherichia coli, which was not isolated from milk, curd or 1‐week‐old cheese, was the predominant organism in 2‐week‐old cheese (57.8% of isolates). This confirms the finding of other authors who have shown that it is one of the most resistant species in ripening cheeses.