bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phoenix definition of biochemical failure predicts for overall survival in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Abramowitz Matthew C. , Li Tiaynu , Buyyounouski Mark K. , Ross Eric , Uzzo Robert G. , Pollack Alan , Horwitz Eric M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) definition of biochemical failure (BF) incorporates backdating, resulting in an artificial flattening of Kaplan‐Meier curves and overly favorable estimates when follow‐up is short. The nadir + 2 ng/mL (Nadir + 2; Phoenix) definition reduces these artifacts. The objective of the current study was to compare ASTRO and Phoenix BF estimates as determinants of distant metastasis (DM), cause‐specific mortality (CSM), and overall mortality (OM).METHODS.A total of 1831 patients with T1‐4N0M0 prostate cancer were treated with external beam radiotherapy (RT) using conventional or three‐dimensional conformal methods to at least 60 grays (Gy). The median follow‐up was 71 months and the median RT dose was 72 Gy (range, 60–79 Gy). Cox regression models incorporating BF as a time‐dependent covariate were used for both univariate and multivariate analyses. Other covariates included in the analyses were T classification, Gleason score, neoadjuvant/adjuvant androgen deprivation, age, RT dose, and pretreatment prostate‐specific antigen.RESULTS.BF was observed in 389 men (21%) using the Phoenix definition and 460 men (25%) using the ASTRO definition. DM was observed in 84 patients (5%), 48 patients (3%) patients died of prostate cancer, and 404 patients (22%) died of any cause. The Phoenix definition of BF was found to be a significant predictor of DM, CSM, and OM, after controlling for other significant covariates. The ASTRO definition was found to be associated with CSM and DM, but not OM.CONCLUSIONS.The Phoenix definition of BF is a more robust determinant of patient outcome compared with the ASTRO definition. The correlation with mortality, including OM, and the independence of this correlation from the use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant androgen deprivation, supports the use of Nadir + 2 in prostate cancer clinical trials of RT with or without androgen deprivation. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A fast method for numerical simulation of casting solidification
Authors: Tavakoli Rohallah , Davami Parviz 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn efficient numerical method for simulation of casting solidification is presented. The presented method is based on a stable explicit finite difference solution of the heat equation in conjunction with the temperature recovery method to incorporate latent heat effect. The computational cost of the presented method is approximately the same as an explicit method (per time step), while it is free from the time step limitation due to the stability criterion. A simple domain decomposition method is included to improve the computational performance of the presented method. The efficiency, stability and accuracy of the presented method are supported with illustrative examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin effect on serum potassium and auto‐inhibition of insulin secretion is intact in a patient with leprechaunism despite severe impairment of substrates metabolism
Authors: Luzi Livio , Zoppini Giacomo , Targher Giovanni , Battezzati Alberto , Muggeo Michele , Bonora Enzo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of insulin on glucose, protein metabolism, circulating fatty acids (FFA), potassium (K+) and C‐peptide concentrations were investigated in a 12‐year‐old girl with leprechaunism. The mutations do not affect the insulin‐receptor binding affinity and insulin‐stimulated auto‐phosphorylation of the receptor.MethodsThe subject was studied with a primed‐continuous infusion of [6,6 − 2H2] glucose and [1‐13C] leucine during a basal period followed by two steps of insulin infusion (1 and 10 mU/kg/min) of 2 h each, during which plasma glucose level decreased from 131 to 115 and then to 95 mg/dL.ResultsWhole body glucose disposal was virtually unaffected by insulin, slightly decreasing from 21 µmol/kg/min in the basal period to 20 and to 19 µmol/kg/min during the two steps of insulin infusion, respectively. The endogenous leucine flux, an index of proteolysis, was completely insensitive to insulin, being 182, 189 and 180 µmol/kg/min, in the three periods, respectively. The FFA concentration (an indirect index of lipolysis) decreased from 1135 to 799 during step 1. During step 2 the FFA concentration rebounded to 917 µmol/L. The concentration of K+ decreased from 4.2 to 3.2 mmol/L and an infusion of 20 mEq/h of KCl was necessary to prevent further hypokalemia (final value 3.3 mmol/l). The C‐peptide concentration declined from 1.85 to 0.97 and then to 0.29 pmol/mL.ConclusionsThe dissociation of control exerted by insulin on K+ uptake and on β‐cell secretion may rely on a differential expression and folding of the mutated receptors in the different insulin target tissues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum protein patterns in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus—influence of diabetic environment and family history of diabetes
Authors: Sundsten Tea , Östenson Claes‐Göran , Bergsten Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent heterogeneous groups with differences in β‐cell function and genetic background. The aim of the present study was to compare serum protein profiles of NGT and T2DM individuals and determine the influence of the genetic background versus diabetic environment on differentially displayed proteins.MethodsSurface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF MS) was used to compare serum protein profiles of NGT persons and T2DM patients. All participants were from the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program (SDPP) cohort. They were selected to have high or low β‐cell function (HOMA‐β) and family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) or not.ResultsEight proteins were found to be elevated and five lowered (p < 0.05) in serum of T2DM patients. In a second comparison, the NGT and T2DM groups were divided into persons with FHD and low HOMA‐β and those without FHD and high HOMA‐β. Three proteins were rediscovered and interpreted to be different due to genetic background. Two of these were identified as apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and albumin. Ten proteins were interpreted to be not related to FHD, and one of these was identified as transthyretin.ConclusionsUsing the SELDI‐technique, serum protein profiles of NGT and T2DM persons with differences in β‐cell function and FHD were compared. The diabetic environment had a major influence on most of these proteins, while FHD was an important factor for apoC3 and albumin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Catalytic Formation of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Hilgraf Robert , Zimmermann Nicole 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEnantioselective catalytic formation of tertiary stereogenic centers has nowadays reached an impressive level of maturity, as is reflected in the large variety of available methods that afford high yields and high stereoselectivities. However, the development of stereoselective approaches for the formation of quaternary stereogenic centers still represents an enormous challenge for synthetic chemists. On the other hand, biologically active molecules containing quaternary stereogenic centers provide an incentive for the development of new, selective, and useful processes. Over the last few years, breakthrough work relating to the formation of fully substituted carbon centers has appeared in the literature. In this review we discuss recent highlights of this new direction in catalysis research: the formation of quaternary stereogenic centers by enantioselective catalytic methodologies.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
How would I manage a case of essential thrombocythaemia presenting with an ischaemic toe
Authors: McLornan DP , McMullin MF 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEssential thrombocythaemia (ET) is an acquired myeloproliferative disorder. The phenotypic and biological heterogeneity of ET can make management of individual cases problematic, especially in the era of changing ideas on the molecular pathogenesis of this disease process. This case discussion will explore the evidence base and rationale that guides treatment of a 46‐year‐old individual with ET presenting with an ischaemic episode. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall patterns and critical values associated with landslides in Povoação County (São Miguel Island, Azores): relationships with the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Marques Rui , Zêzere José , Trigo Ricardo , Gaspar João , Trigo Isabel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSão Miguel Island (Azores) has been affected by hundreds of destructive landslide episodes in the last five centuries, triggered either by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or rainfall episodes, which were responsible for many deaths and very important economic losses.Among the instability causes, meteorological factors are of primary importance on Povoação County, namely the high recurrence rate of calamitous rainfall triggering landslides. The most recent catastrophic episode took place on the 31st October 1997 when almost 1000 soil slips and debris flows were triggered, and 29 people died in the Ribeira Quente village.The role of rainfall on regional landslide activity was analysed applying cumulative rainfall methods. The method comprises the reconstruction of both absolute and calibrated antecedent rainfalls associated with each major landslide event. The critical rainfall combination (amount‐duration) responsible for each landslide event was assessed and a rainfall critical threshold for landslide occurrence was calculated. Rainfall‐triggered landslides in the study area are ruled by the function I = 144·06 D−0·5551, and they are related both to short duration precipitation events (1–3 days) with high average intensity (between 78 and 144 mm/day) and long‐lasting rainfall episodes (1–5 months) with a lower intensity (between 9 and 22 mm/day).The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the regional precipitation regime was evaluated. It is shown that the monthly precipitation of São Miguel is largely modulated by the NAO mode presenting a significant negative correlation with the NAO index. This result arises from the NAO control on the travelling latitude of most storm tracks that cross the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on ‘C.‐P. Tung, N.‐M. Hong, C.‐H. Chen and Y.‐C. Tan, Regional daily baseflow prediction. Hydrological Processes, 18(2004) 2147–2164’
Authors: Rupp David E. , Woods Ross A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere are both practical and theoretical issues to consider when doing recession analyses of the type introduced by Brutsaert and Nieber (1977). Tung et al. (2004) point out a practical issue, which is the error introduced by using time‐averaged values of discharge. The issue, however, is probably not serious for many practical applications and the error can be made negligible by using time intervals that are appropriate to the time rate of change in discharge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should reciprocity be a part of the UNCITRAL Model Cross‐Border Insolvency Law?
Authors: Yamauchi Keith D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn 1997, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law adopted a Model Law on Cross Border Insolvency. Since then, many countries have passed it or a revised version of it. In many cases, the adopting country wrestled with the issue of whether to include a reciprocity provision in its version. Some have included such a provision, others have not. The inclusion of a reciprocity provision is not consistent. This article discusses the concept and argues that a reciprocity provision could be detrimental to the operation of the Model Law and prejudicial to the parties; especially those in the country whose legislation includes such a provision. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of adsorbed von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen on platelet interactions with synthetic materials under flow conditions
Authors: Wu Yuguang , Zhang Min , Hauch Kip D. , Horbett Thomas A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe effect of adsorbed fibrinogen (Fg) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) on platelet adhesion at low or high shear rate to several materials was studied. The materials studied were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), glass, and tetraglyme‐coated PET. The materials were preadsorbed with normal plasma, serum, and Fg‐deficient plasma replenished with various amounts of Fg, and vWf‐deficient plasma with or without added vWf. Platelet adhesion to PET preadsorbed with Fg‐deficient plasma or serum was low at either low or high shear rate, but increased as Fg was added to the preadsorption media. However, the effect of added Fg on adhesion at the higher shear rate was much greater on surfaces preadsorbed with plasma than for serum, probably due to the much lower vWf concentration in serum in comparison to plasma. Platelet adhesion to either polystyrene or glass preadsorbed with normal plasma was much higher at high shear than low shear, but when vWf‐deficient plasma was used to preadsorb these surfaces, adhesion was much less at the higher shear rate than at low shear rate. Platelet adhesion to polystyrene preadsorbed with vWf‐deficient plasma to which vWf was added was higher at high shear rate than low shear rate. These results show that under high shear rate, both Fg and vWf are required for platelet adhesion on synthetic biomaterials. The results suggest that developing surfaces that adsorb low amounts of vWf is a good approach to improving the blood compatibility of biomaterials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Structural stability and release profiles of proteins from core‐shell poly (DL‐lactide) ultrafine fibers prepared by emulsion electrospinning
Authors: Yang Ye , Li Xiaohong , Cui Wenguo , Zhou Shaobing , Tan Rui , Wang Chaoyang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study was aimed at assessing the potential use of emulsion electrospinning to prepare core‐shell structured ultrafine fibers as carriers for therapeutic proteins. It focused on the effect of fiber structure on the release profiles and structural stability of encapsulated proteins. In the case of bovine serum albumin (BSA) which was selected as a model protein, poly‐DL‐lactide ultrafine fibers prepared by emulsion electrospinning using a lower volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase, showed higher structural integrity of core‐shell fiber as assessed by laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM). This structural property can reduce the initial drug burst and improved the ability of the device to provide sustained therapeutic action. Fickian release was observed for the initial 60% of protein release. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were used to assess the primary structure of BSA. These studies indicated that ultra‐sonication caused denaturation of protein molecules, while the core‐shell structured electrospun fibers protected the structural integrity of encapsulated protein during incubation in the medium. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses showed that the electrospinning process had much less effect on the secondary structure of protein than ultra‐sonication. In vitro degradation study showed that the protein release from fibers led to more significant mass loss, higher molecular weight reduction and larger molecular weight distribution of the matrix residues, compared with fibers without protein inoculation. These data suggest that emulsion electrospinning can provide a useful core‐sheath structure, which may serve as a promising scaffold for sustainable, controllable, and effective release of bioactive proteins in tissue engineering and other applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Seamless tubular poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds: High‐yield fabrication and potential applications
Authors: Crapo Peter M. , Gao Jin , Wang Yadong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have previously created scaffolds composed of a biodegradable elastomer, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), which are tubular, seamless, and highly porous. Here we describe two scaffold fabrication methods developed subsequently and compare the advantages of these methods to the original by examining overall yields and scaffold characteristics, such as defect frequency and severity, wall thickness homogeneity, microstructure, porosity, and mechanical properties. Scaffolds fabricated with a heat‐shrinkable (HS) mandrel had higher yield, fewer defects, more homogeneous wall thickness and microstructure, and higher porosity. Improvements in yield and scaffold characteristics likely resulted from more uniform distribution of forces resulting in lower stress concentrations in the scaffolds during removal of HS mandrels. When seeded with smooth muscle cells in a bioreactor, the optimized scaffolds retained 74% of cells, which proliferated and formed a confluent cellular layer after 21 days of in vitro culture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Three‐dimensional fabrication of engineered bone with human bio‐derived bone scaffolds in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor
Authors: Song Kedong , Liu Tianqing , Cui Zhanfeng , Li Xiangqin , Ma Xuehu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy in the effort to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged bone. The bioreactor, within which engineered bone tissue is cultured, plays a key role in the development of engineered bone graphs. In this work, the potentials of the rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWVB) and the human bio‐derived bone scaffolds (BDBS) for 3D bone culture are evaluated. The osteoblasts isolated from the cranium of neonatal Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat of 3 days old were expanded firstly with microcarrier suspension culture in a RWVB. After the assessment of the biological functions of the expanded cells by histomorphometry, the cells were seeded at 2 × 106 and 1 × 106 cells/mL, respectively, onto the 3D human BDBS and cultured for 3 weeks in the RWVB. The cells metabolism and nutrient concentration were monitored in the whole culture processes. The structure of the harvested bone tissues was observed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The biological properties of the engineered bone were detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and alizarin red staining to visualize the newly formed bone. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double fluorescence staining was used to analyze the cell activity. For a comparative study, cell seeded constructs were also cultured in static conditions. The results indicate that the bone grafts cultured in RWVB with two different seeded cell densities grew well, and the cell number expanded in RWVB was five times as that in T‐flask and spinner flask. There were significantly more collagen fibers mineralized nodules and new osteoid tissue formed than those in T‐flask and spinner flask. It also demonstrated that with the stress stimulation inside the fluid in the RWVB, the ALP expression could be increased; the formation of mineralized nodules can be accelerated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Navigator‐triggered oxygen‐enhanced MRI with simultaneous cardiac and respiratory synchronization for the assessment of interstitial lung disease.
Authors: Molinari Francesco , Eichinger Monika , Risse Frank , Plathow Christian , Puderbach Michael , Ley Sebastian , Herth Felix , Bonomo Lorenzo , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Fink Christian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate an optimized method for oxygen‐enhanced MRI of the lung, using simultaneous electrocardiograph (ECG) and navigator triggering. To correlate oxygen‐enhanced MRI with lung function tests assessing alveolar‐capillary gas exchange.Materials and MethodsA total of 12 healthy volunteers (aged 20–32 years) and 10 patients (aged 37–87 years) with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) underwent oxygen‐enhanced MRI and pulmonary functional tests (PFTs) assessing alveolar‐capillary gas exchange. The paradigm room‐air–oxygen–room‐air was acquired with a nonselective inversion‐recovery half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo sequence (inversion time = 1200 msec; acquisition time = 134.5 msec; slice thickness = 20 mm; matrix size = 128 × 128), using simultaneous double triggering (navigator plus ECG trigger). Cross‐correlation was performed in regions of interest (ROIs) encompassing both lungs. The number of oxygen‐activated pixels over the total number of pixels in the ROIs (OAP%) of volunteers and patients was compared. OAP%s were correlated with PFTs.ResultsThe mean OAP% of patients was significantly lower than that of volunteers (36.7 vs. 81.7, P = 0.001). OAP% correlated with the transfer lung factor for carbon monoxide (Tlco) (r = 0.64; P = 0.002), the transfer coefficient (Kco) (r = 0.75; P = 0.001), the arterial partial pressure (r = 0.77; P < 0.001), and the saturation (r = 0.70; P < 0.001) of oxygen.ConclusionNavigator‐triggered oxygen‐enhanced MRI of the lung may have a potential role in the quantitative assessment of lung function in ILD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparent diffusion coefficients in oligodendroglial tumors characterized by genotype
Authors: Jenkinson Michael D. , Smith Trevor S. , Brodbelt Andrew R. , Joyce Kathy A. , Warnke Peter C. , Walker Carol 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether oligodendroglial tumors with or without 1p/19q loss differ in their diffusion‐weighted imaging characteristics. Oligodendroglial tumors with or without 1p/19q loss differ in their therapeutic responsiveness and prognosis, and recent reports also suggest that these tumors may differ in their magnetic resonance characteristics and blood volume.Materials and MethodsApparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were assessed in three grade II oligodendrogliomas, nine grade II and five grade III oligoastrocytomas with known 1p/19q status. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on ADC maps: 1) around tumor margins to generate pixel histograms; 2) over minimum and maximum tumor ADC; 3) on areas comparable to the highest choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) ratio determined from chemical shift imaging (CSI); and 4) across tumor margins to measure the ADC transition coefficient (ATC).ResultsTumor ADC was significantly different from normal brain (P < 0.001). ADC in regions of highest Cho/Cr was greater than minimum ADC and did not correlate with the Cho/Cr ratio. ADC and ATC were not significantly different between oligodendroglial subtypes or grades. Tumors with intact 1p/19q had higher maximum (P = 0.021) and histogram ADC (P = 0.015), and greater ATC (P = 0.001) compared to those with 1p/19q loss, which may reflect differences in edema and cellularity.ConclusionThis preliminary study identified differences in ADC and ATC between oligodendroglial tumor genotypes that may reflect underlying biology. Confirmation in a larger series is warranted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.