bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt ions induce chemokine secretion in primary human osteoblasts
Authors: Queally J.M. , Devitt B.M. , Butler J.S. , Malizia A.P. , Murray D. , Doran P.P. , O'Byrne J.M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemokines are major regulators of the inflammatory response and have been shown to play an important role in periprosthetic osteolysis. Titanium particles have previously been shown to induce IL‐8 and MCP‐1 secretion in osteoblasts. These chemokines result in the chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively. Despite a resurgence in the use of cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum alloys in metal‐on‐metal arthroplasty, cobalt and chromium ion toxicity in the periprosthetic area has been insufficiently studied. In this study we investigate the in vitro effect of cobalt ions on primary human osteoblast activity. We demonstrate that cobalt ions rapidly induce the protein secretion of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 in primary human osteoblasts. This elevated chemokine secretion is preceded by an increase in the transcription of the corresponding chemokine gene. Using a Transwell migration chemotaxis assay we also demonstrate that the chemokines secreted are capable of inducing neutrophil and macrophage migration. Furthermore, cobalt ions significantly inhibit osteoblast function as demonstrated by reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. In aggregate these data demonstrate that cobalt ions can activate transcription of the chemokine genes IL‐8 and MCP‐1 in primary human osteoblasts. Cobalt ions are not benign and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteolysis by suppressing osteoblast function and stimulating the production and secretion of chemokines that attract inflammatory and osteoclastic cells to the periprosthetic area. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 855–864, 2009
Vocal cord immobility caused by the long‐standing impaction of a fishbone in the hypopharynx
Authors: Hung Chung‐Ching , Lee Jih‐Chin , Hsiao Li‐Chun , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractVocal cord immobility is a rare presentation of an impacted fishbone in the pharynx. The mechanisms can be classified into either mechanical articular fixation or direct/indirect neuropathy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We report a case of vocal cord immobility secondary to long‐standing impaction of a fishbone in the hypopharynx for at least 9 months. The diagnosis was made by computed tomography (CT) and rigid laryngoscopy because no reliable history was available. The cricoarytenoid joint was not fixed and the function of the vocal cords returned one month after removal of the fishbone. The mechanism of the vocal cord immobility was an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve due to the chronic inflammatory reaction in the paraglottic space. Laryngoscope, 119:228–230, 2009
Confusion over different types of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Stanley John C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere are two kinds of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) is the parent n‐3 PUFA; it cannot be synthesized by the human body and as a result is an essential fatty acid. The two long chain n‐3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can in principle be synthesized from ALA or obtained from the diet. While the cardioprotective effects of long chain n‐3 PUFA are well established the effects of ALA on the cardiovascular system are more controversial. The Lyon Diet Heart Study which it is claimed provides evidence for beneficial effects of ALA on the cardiovascular system is flawed. The argument that ALA conversion into EPA and DHA provides significant quantities of the two long chain n‐3 PUFA is unsustainable as rates of conversion are too low. To avoid confusion a distinction needs to be drawn between ALA and the long chain n‐3 PUFA. Health claims for foods rich in EPA and DHA cannot be extended to foods rich in ALA nor is ALA a substitute for EPA and DHA in vegetarian diets.
Physico‐Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Starch Nanocomposites
Authors: García Nancy L. , Ribba Laura , Dufresne Alain , Aranguren Mirta I. , Goyanes Silvia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanocomposites of cassava starch reinforced with waxy starch nanocrystals were prepared. They showed a 380% increase of the rubbery storage modulus (at 50 °C) and a 40% decrease in the water vapor permeability. X‐ray spectra show that the composite was more amorphous than the neat matrix, which was attributed to higher equilibrium water content in the composites. TGA confirmed this result and its thermal derivative suggested the formation of hydrogen bonding between glycerol and the nanocrystals. The reinforcing effect of starch nanocrystals was attributed to strong filler/matrix interactions due to the hydrogen bonding. The decrease of the permeability suggests that the nanocrystals were well dispersed, with few filler/filler interactions.magnified image
On Processing and Impact Deformation Behavior of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)–Calcium Carbonate Nanocomposites
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Shah Jinesh S. , Bertrand Kennith J. , Misra R. Devesh K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDifferent processing approaches were adopted to obtain the best combination of strength and toughness. The approach that yielded superior properties was examined in detail to study the mechanical response of nanoscale calcium carbonate‐reinforced high density polyethylene in conjunction with unreinforced high density polyethylene. The reinforcement of high density polyethylene with nanoscale calcium carbonate increases impact strength and is not accompanied by decrease in yield strength. The addition of nanoscale calcium carbonate to high density polyethylene alters the micromechanism of deformation from crazing‐tearing in high density polyethylene to fibrillation in high density polyethylene–calcium carbonate nanocomposite.magnified image
Ultra‐Fast Fabrication of Colloidal Photonic Crystals by Spray Coating
Authors: Cui Liying , Zhang Youzhuan , Wang Jingxia , Ren Yibing , Song Yanlin , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn ultra‐fast fabrication of large‐scale colloidal PCs via spray coating was demonstrated. The latex spheres with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell were designed, and the latex shell with abundant COOH groups resulted in strong hydrogen bonding interaction among latex spheres, which boosted latex arrangement during the spray procedure. The resultant samples with area of 7 × 12 cm2 were easily fabricated within 1 min on different substrates. This ultra‐fast fabrication procedure would be of great importance for the practical application of PCs for optic devices and functional coatings.magnified image
Understanding and Optimizing the SMX Static Mixer
Authors: Singh Mrityunjay K. , Anderson Patrick D. , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUsing the Mapping Method different designs of SMX motionless mixers are analyzed and optimized. The three design parameters that constitute a specific SMX design are: The number of cross‐bars over the width of channel,Nx, the number of parallel cross‐bars per element,Np, and the angle between opposite cross‐barsθ. OptimizingNx, somewhat surprisingly reveals that in the standard design withNp = 3,Nx = 6 is the optimum using both energy efficiency as well as compactness as criteria. IncreasingNxresults in under‐stretching and decreasingNxleads to over‐stretching of the interface. IncreasingNpmakes interfacial stretching more effective by co‐operating vortices. Comparing realized to optimal stretching, we find the optimum series for all possible SMX(n) designs to obey the universal design ruleNp = (2/3)Nx−1, forNx = 3, 6, 9, 12, ….magnified image
Functionalized Graphenes and Thermoplastic Nanocomposites Based upon Expanded Graphite Oxide
Authors: Steurer Peter , Wissert Rainer , Thomann Ralf , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractExfoliation of expanded GO represents an attractive route to functionalized graphenes as versatile 2D carbon nanomaterials and components of a wide variety of polymer nanocomposites. Thermally reduced graphite oxides (TrGO) with specific surface areas of 600 to 950 m2 · g−1 were obtained by oxidation of graphite followed by thermal expansion at 600 °C. Thermal post treatment at 700 °C and 1 000 °C increased carbon content (81 to 97 wt.‐%) and lowered resistivity (1 600 to 50 Ω · cm). During melt extrusion with PC, iPP, SAN and PA6, exfoliation afforded uniformly dispersed graphenes with aspect ratio > 200. In comparison to conventional 0D and 1D carbon nanoparticles, TrGO afforded nanocomposites with improved stiffness and lower percolation threshold. Recent progress and new strategies in development of functionalized graphenes and graphene‐based nanocomposites are highlighted.magnified image
Measuring RF‐induced currents inside implants: Impact of device configuration on MRI safety of cardiac pacemaker leads
Authors: Nordbeck Peter , Weiss Ingo , Ehses Philipp , Ritter Oliver , Warmuth Marcus , Fidler Florian , Herold Volker , Jakob Peter M. , Ladd Mark E. , Quick Harald H. , Bauer Wolfgang R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF)‐related heating of cardiac pacemaker leads is a serious concern in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent investigations suggest such heating to be strongly dependent on an implant's position within the surrounding medium, but this issue is currently poorly understood. In this study, phantom measurements of the RF‐induced electric currents inside a pacemaker lead were performed to investigate the impact of the device position and lead configuration on the amount of MRI‐related heating at the lead tip. Seven hundred twenty device position/lead path configurations were investigated. The results show that certain configurations are associated with a highly increased risk to develop MRI‐induced heating, whereas various configurations do not show any significant heating. It was possible to precisely infer implant heating on the basis of current intensity values measured inside a pacemaker lead. Device position and lead configuration relative to the surrounding medium are crucial to the amount of RF‐induced heating in MRI. This indicates that a considerable number of implanted devices may incidentally not develop severe heating in MRI because of their specific configuration in the body. Small variations in configuration can, however, strongly increase the risk for such heating effects, meaning that hazardous situations might appear during MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional changes in CSF volume estimated using measurement of water T2 relaxation
Authors: Piechnik S.K. , Evans J. , Bary L.H. , Wise R.G. , Jezzard P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides hydraulic suspension for the brain. The general concept of bulk CSF production, circulation, and reabsorption is well established, but the mechanisms of momentary CSF volume variation corresponding to vasoreactive changes are far less understood. Nine individuals were studied in a 3T MR scanner with a protocol that included visual stimulation using a 10‐Hz reversing checkerboard and administration of a 5% CO2 mix in air. We acquired PRESS‐localized spin‐echoes (TR = 12 sec, TE = 26 ms to 1.5 sec) from an 8‐mL voxel located in the visual cortex. Echo amplitudes were fitted to a two‐compartmental model of relaxation to estimate the partial volume of CSF and the T2 relaxation times of the tissues. CSF signal contributed 10.7 ± 3% of the total, with T2,csf = 503.0 ± 64.3 [ms], T2,brain = 61.0 ± 2 [ms]. The relaxation time of tissue increased during physiological stimulation, while the fraction of signal contributed by CSF decreased significantly by 5–6% with visual stimulation (P < 0.03) and by 3% under CO2 inhalation (P < 0.08). The CSF signal fraction is shown to represent well the volume changes under viable physiological scenarios. In conclusion, CSF plays a significant role in buffering the changes in cerebral blood volume, especially during rapid functional stimuli. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Backcalculating pavement structural properties using a Nelder–Mead simplex search
Authors: Yi Jin‐Hak , Mun Sungho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA structural integrity assessment technique of pavements that considers the backcalculation of material properties is herein proposed. In order to carry out the backcalculation, a Nelder–Mead simplex (NMS) search is applied to estimate the elastic moduli of layered structures using the deflection data simulated by falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests. In order to utilize a forward calculation engine of the numerical simulation in the FWD testing, a wave analysis program of layered pavement systems is used based on a spectral element method. The performance of the NMS inversion technique is evaluated based on a comparison with the Levenberg–Marquardt method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving the reaction–diffusion equations with nonlocal boundary conditions based on reproducing kernel space
Authors: Lin Yingzhen , Zhou Yongfang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe reaction–diffusion equations with initial condition and nonlocal boundary conditions are discussed in this article. A reproducing kernel space is constructed, in which an arbitrary function satisfies the initial condition and nonlocal boundary conditions of the reaction‐diffusion equations. Based on the reproducing kernel space, a new algorithm for solving the reaction–diffusion equations with initial condition and nonlocal boundary conditions is presented. Some examples are displayed to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Erratum zu “Antitussiva und Expektorantien”, Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 6/2008
Authors: Sander Kerstin , Zettl Heiko , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred , Stark Holger 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLeider ist uns in der Ausgabe 6/2008 “Antitussiva/Expektorantien” in dem Artikel “Medizinisch‐chemische Aspekte – Antitussiva und Expektorantien” in Abb. 2, Seite 463, ein Formelfehler unterlaufen. Die Abbildung enthält die Struktur von Levomethorphan statt der des beschriebenen antitussiven Dextromethorphans. Zur Sicherheit haben wir beide Strukturen hier nochmals aufgeführt (Abb.).Die Autoren
Nobelviren
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo , Winckler Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractZwei spannende und zugleich lehrreiche Wissenschaftsgeschichten wurden mit dem jüngsten Nobelpreis für Physiologie und Medizin ausgezeichnet: Zum einen die Entdeckung des HI‐Virus als Ursache für AIDS, zum anderen die Identifizierung der Humanen Papillomaviren (HPV) als Auslöser des Gebärmutterhalskrebses. Natürlich freut es die deutsche Wissenschaftswelt besonders, dass die Hälfte des Preises an den langjährigen Leiter des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums in Heidelberg, Harald zur Hausen ging.
Pharmacokinetics of high‐dose methotrexate in infants treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lönnerholm Gudmar , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , De Lorenzo Paola , Schrappe Martin , Hovi Liisa , Campbell Myriam , Mann Georg , Janka‐Schaub Gritta , Li Chi‐Kong , Stary Jan , Hann Ian , Pieters Rob 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundInterfant‐99 was an international collaborative treatment protocol for infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureWe collected data on 103 infants at the time of their first treatment with high‐dose methotrexate (HD MTX), 5 g/m2. Children <6 months of age received two‐third of the calculated dose based on body surface area (BSA), children 6–12 months three‐fourth of the calculated dose, and children >12 months full dose.ResultsThe median steady‐state MTX concentration at the end of the 24‐hr infusion was 57.8 µM (range 9.5–313). The median systemic clearance was 6.22 L/hr/m2 BSA, and tended to increase with age (P = 0.099). Boys had higher clearance than girls, 6.77 and 5.28 L/hr/m2 (P = 0.030), and tended to have lower median MTX concentration at 24 hr. Eight infants had MTX levels below 20 µM, a level judged to be sufficient in B‐lineage ALL in children >1 year of age. All infants tolerated the dose well enough to receive a second dose of HD MTX without dose reduction. We found no significant effect on disease‐free survival for MTX steady‐state concentration, MTX clearance, or time to MTX below 0.2 µM.ConclusionsOur data provide no support for a change in the dosing rules for MTX used in Interfant‐99. However, in view of the poor treatment results for infants, one might consider increase in the dose for patients who reach plasma levels below median after the first MTX dose. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:596–601. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass spectrometric and computational analysis of cytokine‐induced alterations in the astrocyte secretome
Authors: Keene Sarah Dunn , Greco Todd M. , Parastatidis Ioannis , Lee Seon‐Hwa , Hughes Ethan G. , Balice‐Gordon Rita J. , Speicher David W. , Ischiropoulos Harry 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe roles of astrocytes in the CNS have been expanding beyond the long held view of providing passive, supportive functions. Recent evidence has identified roles in neuronal development, extracellular matrix maintenance, and response to inflammatory challenges. Therefore, insights into astrocyte secretion are critically important for understanding physiological responses and pathological mechanisms in CNS diseases. Primary astrocyte cultures were treated with inflammatory cytokines for either a short (1 day) or sustained (7 days) exposure. Increased interleukin‐6 secretion, nitric oxide production, cyclooxygenase‐2 activation, and nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion confirmed the astrocytic response to cytokine treatment. MS/MS analysis, computational prediction algorithms, and functional classification were used to compare the astrocyte protein secretome from control and cytokine‐exposed cultures. In total, 169 secreted proteins were identified, including both classically and nonconventionally secreted proteins that comprised components of the extracellular matrix and enzymes involved in processing of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Twelve proteins were detected exclusively in the secretome from cytokine‐treated astrocytes, including matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) and members of the chemokine ligand family. This compilation of secreted proteins provides a framework for identifying factors that influence the biochemical environment of the nervous system, regulate development, construct extracellular matrices, and coordinate the nervous system response to inflammation.
Proteomic profiling of tumor cells after induction of telomere dysfunction
Authors: Zimmermann Stefan , Biniossek Martin L. , Pantic Milena , Pfeifer Dietmar , Veelken Hendrik , Martens Uwe M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCell division in the absence of telomerase causes progressive telomere shortening which ultimately leads to telomere dysfunction and initiation of genome instability. In order to identify factors related to loss of telomere function, the effects of telomerase inhibition on the proteome of five tumor cell lines were followed by SELDI‐TOF‐MS. Five differentially expressed protein peaks (p<0.01) were found in a total of 60 clones of five cell lines representing four tissues (lung, breast, prostate, and colon) in which telomerase was inhibited by retroviral overexpression of a dominant negative (DN) mutant of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Among these, a 11.3 kDa peak diminished in DN‐hTERT clones was identified as histone H4 by nanoflow‐HPLC‐MS/MS. Immunoblot analysis not only confirmed the decline of histone H4, but also of other core histone proteins including histone H3. Furthermore, upregulation of several cytokeratins was found to be associated with telomere attrition. In conclusion, loss of telomere function is associated with alterations in the proteome which may represent novel biomarkers for the detection of replicative senescence.
Chemical de‐O‐glycosylation of glycoproteins for application in LC‐based proteomics
Authors: Hanisch Franz‐Georg , Teitz Sebastian , Schwientek Tilo , Müller Stefan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe describe a cyclic on‐column procedure for the sequential degradation of complex O‐glycans on proteins or peptides by periodate oxidation of sugars and cleavage of oxidation products by elimination. Desialylated glycoproteins were immobilized to alkali‐stable, reversed‐phase Poros 20 beads followed by two degradation cycles and the eluted apoproteins were either separated by SDS gel electrophoresis or digested with trypsin prior to LC/ESI‐MS. We demonstrate on the peptide and protein level that even complex glycan moieties are removed under mild conditions with only minimal effects on structural integrity of the peptide core by fragmentation, dehydration or by racemization of the Lys/Arg residues. The protocol is applicable on gel‐immobilized glycoproteins after SDS gel electrophoresis. Conversion of O‐glycoproteins into their corresponding apoproteins should result in facilitated accessibility of tryptic cleavage sites, increase the numbers of peptide fragments, and accordingly enhance protein coverage and identification rates within the subproteome of mucin‐type O‐glycoproteins.
HUPO World Congress Publication Committee Meeting August 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Ping Peipei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe plenary session of the Publications Committee of the Human Proteome Organisation at the 7th annual HUPO world congress examined the relationship between journals, proteomics standardization initiatives, such as the work of the HUPO‐PSI, and the public domain data repositories. Delegates from industry, academia and the publishing houses discussed how best to bring these bodies closer to together and facilitate the publication process for the bench scientist.
Elucidation of high ring‐opening polymerizability of methylated 1,6‐anhydro glucose
Authors: Yoshida Dai , Yoshida Takashi 
Published: January 2009

Abstract1,6‐Anhydro glucose was extracted from a wood tar that is a by‐product of charcoal manufacture. After methylation of the 1,6‐anhydro glucose, the starting monomer, 1,6‐anhydro‐2,3,4‐tri‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranose (LGTME), was obtained. We found that LGTME had high ring‐opening polymerizability and polymerized under mild conditions. With BF3OEt2 catalyst under ordinary pressure and N2 atmosphere at 0 °C, LGTME gave high molecular weight of polymer with 1,6‐α stereoregularity in a high yield, even though benzylated 1,6‐anhydro glucose monomer (LGTBE) gave no polymers by the same polymerization conditions. The GPC profile showed two absorptions corresponding to = 272 × 103 and = 390 × 104 in the proportion of 4.5:1. Furthermore, under high vacuum condition at 0 °C, LGTME gave the corresponding polymer and the lower molecular weight increased to = 364 × 103. To reveal the high polymerizability of LGTME, two‐step polymerization was performed. After the first stage of polymerization under ordinary pressure for 6 h at 0 °C, the second LGTME monomer was added to the polymerization mixture and then the polymerization was continued. It was found that the lower molecular weight of the resulting polymer increased to = 394 × 103 and the yield was 78%. These results suggest that poly(LGTME) after the first‐stage polymerization has stable propagating end which has a restarting ability for the ring‐opening polymerization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1013–1022, 2009