bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PARATHYROID HORMONE IN PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM: COMPARISON WITH VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
Authors: ALLGROVE J. , CHAYEN J. , JAYAWEERA P. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCirculating parathyroid hormone was studied in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and compared with that in normal subjects and patients with hypocalcaemia due to postsurgical or idiopathic hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency. The cytochemical bioassay was used to measure bioactivity and an amino‐terminal specific immunoradiometric assay was used to measure immunoreactivity. In normal subjects (n= 12) the concentration of bioactive parathyroid hormone was 1.1–5.9 pg/ml. It was higher in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated pseudohypoparathyroidism (n= 4, range 20–53 pg/ml) and similarly raised in patients with untreated vitamin D deficiency (n= 9, range 23–74 pg/ml). The degree of hypocalcaemia was similar in these two groups of patients. By contrast, the concentration of bioactive parathyroid hormone was low (less than 0.6 pg/ml) in four patients with untreated postsurgical or idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Restoration of normocalcaemia reduced the concentrations of bioactive PTH in both pseudohypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency. Thus, in this respect the parathyroid glands in both conditions appeared to respond to the circulating calcium concentration. Immunoreactive PTH was also raised in patients with untreated pseudo‐hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency, but restoration of normocalcaemia did not always reduce immunoreactive PTH to normal in these patients. Thus, there can be dissociation between bioactivity and immunoreactivity even when the PTH is measured in an amino‐terminal specific assay.
GLOMERULOSA FAILURE IN CONGENITAL ADRENOCORTICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO ACTH
Authors: DAVIDAI GIORA , KAHANA LUNA , HOCHBERG ZEEV 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe report two children of a family with congenital adrenocortical unresponsiveness to ACTH. Repeated stimulation of the adrenal by Synthetic 1–24 ACTH (Synacthen) failed to increase cortisol secretion, but produced significant rises of serum aldosterone. This was, however, associated with increased plasma renin activity. Only when the renin‐angiotensin effect was eliminated, by a converting enzyme blocker, did Synacthen fail to affect serum aldosterone. These data support the view that glucocorticoid deficiency in this disorder results from unresponsiveness to ACTH and that development of the zona glomerulosa and normal aldosterone secretion is achieved by action of the renin‐angiotensin system.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SKIN GLYCOSYLATION AND GLYCAEMIC CONTROL IN HUMAN DIABETES
Authors: PAISEY R. , HOPTON M. , HARTOG M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGlycosylation of human skin has been measured by an adaptation of the thiobarbituric acid reaction on samples obtained mainly at autopsy from normal and diabetic subjects. The mean (± 1 SD) glycosylation of skin from 33 normal subjects was 0.072 ± 0.012 μmol fructosamine/100 mg wet weight tissue compared with 0.127 ± 0.034 μmol (P < 0.01) in the 10 diabetic subjects. There was a correlation between mean blood glucose levels in the 6 months before death and skin glycosylation in the diabetics, (r= 0.71, P= 0.025), but no correlation between age, sex, or the presence or absence of diabetic complications and skin glycosylation. Skin glycosylation in samples from four non diabetics was increased from 0.075 ± 0.015 to 0.126 ± 0.01 μmol fructosamine/100 mg wet weight tissue (P < 0.01) after incubation with 50 mmol/1 glucose solution for 7 d at 37°C.
PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE IN ACROMEGALY. EVALUATION BY PLASMA GH DAY PROFILES AND PLASMA GH CONCENTRATIONS DURING ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTS
Authors: NORTIER J. W. R. , CROUGHS R. J. M. , THIJSSEN J. H. H. , SCHWARZ F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn most studies reporting favourable results of chronic bromocriptine treatment in acromegaly, plasma GH levels are measured at fixed intervals during the day. Negative results are reported in one major study measuring plasma GH levels during oral glucose tolerance tests (Lindholm et al., 1981). This study does not mention the time interval between the last dose of bromocriptine and the performance of an OGTT, but due to the short duration of action of bromocriptine this may be critical. Therefore, in the present report the plasma GH suppressive effect of bromocriptine in acromegaly is studied using plasma GH day‐profiles as well as OGTT's during continued bromocriptine administration and OGTT's at two different time intervals after the last dose of bromocriptine. Twelve patients with clinically active acromegaly were treated with 10–20 mg bromocriptine for 6–9 months. After 6–9 months during continued bromocriptine administration the plasma GH suppressive effect of bromocriptine was evaluated by the mean of four plasma GH determinations during the day and by the mean of seven plasma determinations during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT's) performed 1 h, 10 h and 34 h after the last dose. The percentage decrease of the mean plasma GH level during the day induced by chronic bromocriptine treatment showed a good correlation (r= 0·86, P< 0·001) with the percentage decrease of the mean plasma GH level during OGTT, if the post‐treatment test was carried out one hour after the last dose of bromocriptine. When OGTT was performed 10 h after the last dose no significant correlation (r= 0·17) was found and after 34 h a rebound of the mean plasma GH level occurred in eight patients. It is concluded that measurement of the mean plasma GH level during the day or during OGTT are equally effective indicators of the suppressive effect of bromocriptine treatment on GH secretion in acromegaly if the OGTT is performed 1 h after the last dose of bromocriptine.
THE EFFECT OF RADIOIODINE AND ANTITHYROID DRUGS ON SERUM LONG ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR PROTECTOR (LATS‐P). A THREE YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: HARDISTY C. A. , FOWLES A. , MUNRO D. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOver a three year period we have studied the effect of either a one year course of Carbimazole or a single dose of radioiodine in a group of 46 patients with GRAVES' disease. Initially, in untreated patients LATS‐P was present in 39 (85%) but at the end of the study was only detectable in 19 (41%), The clinical outcome in 29 patients initially treated with carbimazole correlated well with changes in serum LATS‐P which persisted in 18. Thirteen of these ultimately required radioiodine or sub‐total thyroidectomy. With radioiodine two patterns of response were seen, in some LATS‐P levels declined, whereas in others transient increases were seen usually during the first year but subsequently fell. There was no difference in clinical response between the two groups. Overall, the study indicates that serum LATS‐P is related to the clinical course of GRAVES' disease but there remains a minority of patients in whom the activity cannot be detected.
HEREDITARY CONGENITAL GOITRE WITH THYROGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY CAUSING HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: MEDEIROS‐NETO G. A. , KNOBEL M. , CAVALIERE H. , SIMONETTI J. , MATTAR E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe thyroid glands of two hypothyroid goitrous siblings aged 13 and 14 and of a 21‐year‐old hypothyroid goitrous female were examined. In all three patients a very high thyroid uptake of iodide was observed in the presence of a negative perchlorate discharge test. An abnormally high serum protein bound iodine (12·9–20·0 μg/dl) and low serum T4 concentration suggested the presence of increased serum levels of iodoalbumin. Surprisingly, serum T3 levels were normal or low normal (80–220 ng/dl) in several determinations. Basal serum TSH was elevated and an exaggerated TSH response was observed after TRH. Serum thyroglobulin was undetectable in one patient, low normal in another and in the normal range for the third one. Except for the patient with undetectable Tg the two other subjects slightly increased the serum Tg levels after a bovine TSH injection. Plasma chromatography after a tracer dose of 125I disclosed only minute amounts of T3+T4 and MIT+DIT. Studies performed in the homogenized thyroid tissues indicated that these goitrous glands had pronounced decrease of immunoreactive thyroglobulin. The total amount of Tg‐like proteins (RIA) in the thyroid soluble protein extract was only 16–122 μg/g (normal: 50–70 mg/g of tissue). Ultracentrifugal studies were unable to demonstrate the presence of mature (18–20S) thyroglobulin. Only one peak (3·6–4·1S) was obtained in the pooled soluble proteins supernatants. Hydrolysis of the homogenates indicated, by subsequent column chromatography, very low relative concentrations of iodotyrosines and iodothyronines and that a relatively large amount of iodide remained associated with subcellular proteins and undigested. The predominant histological pattern was of the intermediary differentiated adenoma type, microfollicular or fetal, with several atypical features and capsular invasion which may suggest malignant change. We conclude that a defective Tg export from the cell to the lumen or an anomaly in the structural gene leading to inadequate translation of Tg mRNA finally results in deficient storage of normal, mature Tg in the colloid with subsequent goitrous hypothyroidism.
PLASMA NORADRENALINE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS: EFFECT OF GRADUAL THYROXINE TREATMENT
Authors: MANHEM P. , HALLENGREN B. , HANSSON B.‐G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHigh plasma noradrenaline (PNA) levels have been reported in hypothyroid patients and hypothyroidism has been associated with hypertension. To explore the relationship between PNA and blood pressure (BP) in hypothyroid patients, and the effects of gradual thyroxine replacement, a prospective study was performed comparing BP, heart rate (HR) and PNA in a normotensive and a hypertensive group of hypothyroid patients before and during gradual thyroxine substitution. Thyroxine treatment reduced the BP; the reduction in supine BP was greater in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group. HR increased similarly in both groups during treatment. PNA was elevated in the normotensive group before treatment and decreased gradually during thyroxine treatment. The hypertensive group had normal PNA levels. The present study indicates that normotensive, in contrast to hypertensive, hypothyroid patients have increased sympathetic nervous activity. Although the mechanism is unclear, thyroid replacement therapy can reverse hypertension in hypothyroid patients.
CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR: EFFECTS ON CIRCULATING GUT AND PANCREATIC PEPTIDES IN MAN
Authors: LYTRAS N. , GROSSMAN A. , REES LESLEY H. , SCHALLY A. V. , BLOOM S. R. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAs a CRF‐like peptide has been isolated from human gut, we investigated the effect of synthetic CRF‐41 100 μg on gut and pancreatic peptides in six normal subjects. There was a significant rise in pancreatic polypeptide compared to a control infusion, but no change in plasma insulin, pancreatic glucagon, gastrin, somatostatin, motilin, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory peptide, or cholecystokinin was seen. In addition, there was no change in circulating met‐enkephalin. We conclude that the rise in pancreatic polypeptide seen after CRF administration may suggest a role for a CRF‐like peptide in the control of pancreatic function.
A SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR SERUM 24, 25‐DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN MAN
Authors: HUMMER L. , CHRISTIANSEN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have developed a sensitive and selective radioimmunoassay for 24, 25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3). Antisera with a high titre and affinity to 24, 25(OH)2D3 were raised in rabbits immunized with a protein conjugate of the 3‐hemisuccinate derivative of 24, 25(OH)2D3. Serum samples were extracted by methanol/dichloromethane and the lipid extracts purified on Sephadex LH 20 and chromatographed by single step HPLC on a straight phase silica column. The radioimmunoassay is capable of measuring 24, 25(OH)2D3 in the ‘24, 25(OH)2D complex’ isolated by HPLC and containing the comigrating metabolites: 24, 25(OH)2D3, 24, 25(OH)2D2, 25(OH)D3‐26, 23 lactone and 25, 26(OH)2D2. The detection limit of 2 pg/assay tube is a marked improvement, compared to the competitive protein binding assay using rachitic rat serum. Measured by the radioimmunoassay 24, 25(OH)2D3 ranged from 0·05 to 1·96 ng/ml with a mean of 0·85 ng/ml in 34 healthy adults. For comparison 24, 25(OH)2D, measured simultaneously by competitive protein binding with rachitic rat serum, ranged from 0·1 to 4·0 ng/ml with a mean of 1·76 ng/ml.
HYPOTHALAMIC GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR DEFICIENCY FOLLOWING CRANIAL IRRADIATION
Authors: AHMED S. R. , SHALET S. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of synthetic human pancreatic tumour GH releasing factor (hp GRF1–44) on GH release has been studied in 10 patients with radiation‐induced GH deficiency and four normal subjects. All 10 patients showed subnormal GH responses to both an ITT (median peak GH 3.2 mU/l) and to arginine stimulation (median peak GH 2.9 mU/l), although the remainder of pituitary function was intact. Following an acute intravenous bolus (100 /μg) of hp GRF1‐44, there was no GH response in two patients and a subnormal but definite GH response in a further four. The remaining four patients showed a significant GH response (median peak GH level 29 mU/l; range 22–57 mU/l) to hp GRF1‐44, similar in magnitude and timing to that seen in the four normals. This strongly suggests that in these four subjects, the discrepancy in GH responses to hp GRF1‐44, ITT and to arginine was a result of radiation‐induced hypothalamic damage leading to a deficiency of endogenous GRF. The availability of synthetic hp GRF capable of stimulating GH secretion means that the distinction between hypothalamic and pituitary causes of GH deficiency will be of considerable therapeutic importance in the future.
THE LEVELS AND SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF HORMONES AND MARKER ENZYMES IN PITUITARIES FROM CONTROL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH PROLACTINOMAS, ACROMEGALY OR FUNCTIONLESS PITUITARY TUMOURS
Authors: DE MARCO L. , MASHITER K. , PETERS T. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPituitary homogenates were prepared from patients undergoing pituitary ablation for breast or prostatic carcinoma (controls) and from patients with either PRL‐ and GH‐secreting pituitary adenomas or from patients with ‘functionless’ pituitary tumours. The principal subcellular organelles, plasma membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol and hormone‐containing granules were characterized by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Tissue from patients with prolactinomas showed hormone granules, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum of lighter density than controls; cytosol, mitochondria and plasma membrane were similar. PRL‐secreting tumours showed a 2‐fold increase in PRL content with significant reduction of LH, FSH and GH. Activities of various lysosomal enzymes, except for PRL proteolytic activity, were significantly reduced. Similar conclusions were found for GH‐secreting pituitary adenomas with a striking reduction in PRL proteolytic activity. Functionless tumours showed significant amounts, though reduced compared to control tissue, of all hormones. In contrast to the hormone‐secreting adenomas, the activity of the lysosomal enzyme N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase was significantly increased compared to control tissue.
META‐IODOBENZYLGUANIDINE IN METASTATIC PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Authors: STEWART R. J. , ANDERSON J. R. , LAIRD J. D. , ATKINSON A. B. , KENNEDY T. L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of metastatic phaeochromocytoma is presented. Meta‐iodobenzylguanidine was used to locate the tumour but failed to show two functioning abdominal metastatic deposits. Although meta‐iodobenzylguanidine appears to be highly specific for phaeochromocytoma, a negative scan does not exclude a functioning tumour with confidence.
RECURRENCE OF NONTOXIC GOITRE WITH AND WITHOUT POSTOPERATIVE THYROXINE MEDICATION
Authors: GEERDSEN J. P. , FRØLUND L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe incidence of postoperative recurrence of nontoxic goitre was evaluated in 175 patients. The average observation period was 8.8 years. Levothyroxine (Eltroxin) had been taken by 104 of these patients as long‐term prophylaxis against goitre recurrence. Ten (9.5%) of the 104 had recurrence. The other 71 patients received no or only brief thyroxine medication postoperatively. In this group there were eight recurrences (11.3%). The difference was not significant, nor did the two groups differ significantly in regard to sex and age distribution, pathologic anatomy and observation time. Routine long‐term administration of thyroxine after thyroid resection is not justified from the results of this study.
THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF A DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST (DOMPERIDONE) ON LUTEINISING HORMONE, FOLLICULE STIMULATING HORMONE, PROLACTIN AND THYROTROPHIN SECRETION IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF OVULATION
Authors: MURDOCH A. P. , DUNLOP W. , KENDALL‐TAYLOR P. , WATSON M. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn alteration of the hypothalamic dopaminergic regulation of LH secretion has been implicated in the abnormal LH secretion of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). To investigate this, the acute effect of dopamine (DA) receptor blockade on LH, FSH, PRL and TSH secretion was determined. No effect was observed on either LH or FSH secretion in the PCOS patients or in normal women and LH pulsatility appeared to be maintained. When the PCOS patients were divided into those who ovulated in the preceding cycle and those who were anovulatory, it was observed that the ovulatory patients had a normal PRL and TSH response; whereas in the anovulatory patients, the PRL rise was blunted and the TSH response was absent. We conclude that this study gives no evidence to support the hypothesis of altered hypothalamic DA regulation of LH secretion in PCOS. The lack of LH response to DA blockade suggests that a physiological role of DA in the control of LH secretion seems unlikely as determined under these experimental conditions. The differences in PRL and TRH response may reflect anovulation rather than a fundamental abnormality in PCOS.
TRANSSPHENOIDAL MICROSURGERY FOR CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: SEMPLE C. G. , THOMSON J. A. , TEASDALE G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNineteen patients thought to have Cushing's disease were treated by trans‐sphenoidal microsurgery; the type of operation performed depended upon the findings in the individual patient. Seventeen patients remitted. Failures occurred in a patient with an invasive macroadenoma and in a patient who was subsequently found to have a thymic carcinoid tumour secreting ACTH. One patient who remitted suffered a recurrence during pregnancy, 30 months after operation. The ten patients (Group I) who had a selective removal of a microadenoma or a limited resection of the gland were often GH deficient, but seven regained cortisol reserve and all ten regained normal pituitary‐thyroid and pituitary‐gonadal responses. By contrast abnormalities of pituitary function were common in nine patients who had a radical or total hypophysectomy. We conclude that transsphenoidal microsurgery is the best treatment for Cushing's disease and that, when feasible, a selective microadenomectomy is the most appropriate operation.
TRANSIENT THYROTOXICOSIS IN ENDEMIC GOITRE PATIENTS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO A NORMAL IODINE INTAKE
Authors: LIMA N. , MEDEIROS‐NETO G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐three endemic goitrous subjects (goitre grade: III and IV) that were living in a chronic iodine‐deficient area (iodine intake: less than 40 μg I/d) were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluation within 3–8 weeks of arrival at the metropolitan area of São Paulo, where daily iodine intake is estimated to be 150–200 μg I/d. Eight patients developed a mild thyrotoxic state (T4 = 14.7 ± 2.3 μg/dl, T3 = 279 ± 55 ng/dl, no TSH response to TRH). Five additional subjects, although euthyroid, had a blunted TSH‐response to TRH, and the remaining ten patients were euthyroid and had a normal TSH response to TRH. Thyrotoxicosis was associated with larger goitres (mean thyroid weight: 133 ± 46 g), with high thyroid uptake of RAI (mean 24 h 131 I uptake: 40 ± 15%) but not with increased urinary iodine excretion. Serum Tg levels were more elevated in the first two groups of patients (respectively, geometric means 68 and 72 ng/ml), than in the euthyroid, TRH‐responsive group (52 ng/ml). Thyrotoxicosis resolved spontaneously after three to six months without the need for any specific medication. It was concluded that a relatively small and normal iodide intake due to regular consumption of iodized salt and industrialized foods may induce a transient form of thyrotoxicosis in endemic goitre patients arriving into urban areas.
EFFECT OF SODIUM SALICYLATE ON HORMONAL RESPONSES TO HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN TYPE II DIABETICS
Authors: BRASS E. P. , HALTER J. B. , ENSINCK J. W. , ROBERTSON R. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYProstaglandins and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors are known to influence the secretion of a number of hormones. More specifically, sodium salicylate is known to increase insulin secretion in Type II diabetics in response to a glucose stimulus. To challenge the hypothesis that prostaglandins may be instrumental in a generalized defect of glucose recognition in Type II diabetics, the effect of sodium salicylate on the hormonal counter‐regulatory response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia was examined. Before salicylate treatment, seven Type II diabetics had brisk increases (mean ± SEM) in circulating adrenaline (time 0 = 50 ± 7 pg/ml; peak = 1630 ± 330 pg/ml), noradrenaline (time 0 = 260 ± 46 pg/ml; peak = 770 ± 140pg/ml), glucagon (time 0 = 38 ± 6 pg/ml; peak = 75 ± 10 pg/ml) and pancreatic polypeptide (time 0 = 149 ± 30 pg/ml; peak = 1170 ± 180 pg/ml) in response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. In contrast to previous studies in normal subjects, treatment with sodium salicylate failed to augment hypoglycaemia‐induced secretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline or pancreatic polypeptide in Type II diabetics. The glucagon response to hypoglycaemia was augmented by sodium salicylate when the data were expressed as the incremental area under the glucagon vs. time curve, but not when peak response was used for analysis. These results are inconsistent with a prostaglandin‐related generalized defect in glucose recognition in Type II diabetics and suggest that augmentation of hormone secretion in these patients by sodium salicylate may be specific for glucose‐induced insulin secretion.
GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSIVENESS TO HUMAN PANCREATIC GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR IN ACROMEGALY: MODULATORY EFFECTS OF BASAL HORMONE LEVELS AND OF CONCOMITANT SOMATOSTATIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: PIETERS G. F. F. M. , SMALS A. E. M. , HERMUS A. R. M. M. , SMALS A. G. H. , BENRAAD J. , KLOPPENBORG P. W. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHuman pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor 1–44 (hpGRF), 100 μg was administered as an i.v. bolus injection to eleven patients with acromegaly. The mean serum growth hormone (GH) levels rose (P < 0.001) from 54 ± 20 ng/ml to 215 ± 126 ng/ml (± SEM) 20 min after the injection. Although the maximum response of GH levels was highly variable it correlated positively with the individual GH levels (P<0.01, Rs=±0.80). Thus the higher the GH levels, the greater the responsiveness to hpGRF. Administration of somatostatin (SRIF), 300 μg/h, lowered basal GH levels from 76 ± 38 ng/ml to 13 ± 5 ng/ml (P < 0.01) after 1 h. hpGRF administration during concomitant SRIF infusion also led to highly variable growth hormone responses. The maximum GH responses again correlated positively with the GH level before hpGRF after 1 h of SRIF administration (P<0.05, Rs=±0.79). GH responses to hpGRF were completely blocked by SRIF in three out of four patients whose GH levels decreased to normal levels during SRIF infusion. Our data illustrate that the pituitary in acromegaly is normally responsive to both SRIF and hpGRF but at a higher setting of basal GH levels.