bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of microbial growth in alfaxalone, propofol and thiopental
Authors: Strachan F. A. , Mansel J. C. , Clutton R. E. 
Published: March 2008

Objectives: To compare the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in alfaxalone with that in propofol and thiopental and to evaluate contaminant microbial growth in these agents under two different conditions of storage and handling. Methods: Known quanta of S aureus and E coli were inoculated into separate 5 ml samples of propofol, thiopental and alfaxalone. Quantitative bacterial analysis was performed at intervals over a 14 day period. Commercial preparations of propofol, thiopental and alfaxalone were stored and handled using “dirty” or “clean” techniques. Microbial quantification and identification was performed over a 14 day period. Results:
S aureus and E coli grew rapidly in propofol after six hours. Both bacteria were killed by thiopental. S aureus numbers slowly declined in alfaxalone; E coli growth was rapid after 24 hours. In “dirty” and “clean” groups of intravenous anaesthetics, 9·3 and 7·4 per cent of samples, respectively, were positive for microbial growth; none were considered to represent colonisation of bottles. Clinical Significance: Alfaxalone supports growth of some microorganisms but less readily than propofol. Bacterial colonisation of intravenous anaesthetic bottles is uncommon, but contamination as syringes are prepared for injection occurs regardless of storage and handling technique.
Aging—an overview
Authors: Gambert Steven R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCaring for the elderly mandates recognition of their special problems and needs. The health provider must be patient and compassionate when caring for to plan ahead, to become more knowledgeable about all aspects of the elderly, and to work toward ensuring a high quality of life for everyone regardless of age. The elderly, and well versed in the basic principles of aging. Careful consideration must be given to physiological functions, and to the elderly person's psychological and social needs. The demographic imperative we now face embodies the past and future growth of the elderly, the expected change in the percentage of the working elderly, and economic problems that must be solved to provide optimal social and health care services for the elderly. Now is the time
Preventive dentistry for the elderly
Authors: Mandel Irwin D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPreventive dentistry for the elderly must be concerned with the four levels of prevention: initiation of disease, progression and recurrence, loss of function, and loss of life. The areas of greatest pertinence to the elderly are: caries, erosion and abrasion, periodontal disease, special considerations in restorative dentistry, oral cancer, systemic diseases with oral manifestations, and hazards within the dental office.The major problem in preventive dentistry has been the tendency by many practitioners to view it in a very narrow way, as essentially plaque control. I n many offices it is relegated to a separate alcove, taking on the trappings of a religious rite. To be effective, preventive dentistry has to be the philosophic base of a dental practice. Similarly, dentistry for the elderly should not be considered as the palliative treatment of terminal oral disease. We must recognize that there are a range of clinical entities and multiple levels of prevention as well as treatment. Elderly people have many needS. We have the capability of serving them with an ordered set of responses that recognize both the communality and the special aspects of their oral concerns.
University of Mississippi Dental Care Unit: toothbrushing for the handicapped
Authors: Rommerdale Eric H. , Comer Robert W. , Caughman W. Frank 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis unit satisfactorily helps to maintain dental health, and also gives the handi‐ capped a sense of independence. This has tremendous psychological value for the individual who may have relied on others to provide routine oral hygiene functions. It may also have therapeutic effects by providing the patient with a useful and important personal task.Because of special circumstances, certain handicapped individuals must recognize their need for dental health. For the quadriplegic, the mouth assumes the functions of the impaired limbs. For example, the mouthstick and the sip and puff wheelchair are con‐ trolled by the mouth. Therefore, it is important for the quadriplegic to maintain healthy dentition and oral tissue and not compound the problems by also b e coming dentally handicapped.Until the development of the University of Mississippi Dental Care Unit, the quadriplegic was dependent on others to manage his dental hygiene. Reliance on others is sometimes unsatis‐ factory because of the inconvenience and the inability of one individual to ad‐ equately dean another's teeth. Several the participants in the development of the prototypic unit stated that: “It is very difficult for someone else to do a good job brushing your teeth, and that after using the dentalcareunit, my teeth “felt really clean for the first time since my accident.
SnF2 as an adjunct to toothbrushing in an elderly institutionalized population
Authors: POTTER DALE E. , MANWELL MARY A. , DESS ROBERT , LEVINE ERIC , TINANOFF NORMAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis study examined whether tooth brushing with 0.4% SnF2 gel altered the oral microflora or improved the gingival health of an elderly institutionalized population. The trial included a 2‐week initial preparation period, two sequential experimental periods during which active agent and placebo were “crossed over,” and a 1‐week interim between the experimental periods.
Private practice preventive dentistry for the special patient
Authors: Entwistle Beverly 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA framework for developing and implementing preventive programs for handicapped persons in clinical settings has been described. The first portion of this framework requires a working knowledge of dental epidemiology in terms of reviewing the literature on disease prevalence in persons with handicapping conditions and collecting clinicai data on individual patients. The second aspect requires integration of clinical and historical assessment procedures into the office routine. After all data are analyzed, an individualized preventive program that is feasible, efficient, and cost‐effective for the patient and the practice can be developed. A knowledge of preventive approaches for individuais with handicapping conditions reported in the dental literature is essential. The final aspect of the framework is program implementation and follow‐up. By using this framework, I believe dental professionals can begin to build a knowledge base about dental disease and appropriate preventive measures for persons with handicapping conditions seeking outpatient dental care. Without this knowledge base, a rational approach to treatment planning will not be forthcoming.
Safety of hospital dental treatment for the high‐risk patient
Authors: SETO BRADLEY G. , LYNCH STEVEN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA total of 100 hospital dental cases were reviewed. No significant long‐term complications were seen that resulted from the anesthesia or operative procedures. Most of the minor postoperative changes that we saw were related to the operative procedures. In this study, few minor changes could be related to the anesthesia techniques or duration of the surgery. This is probably related to optimizing preoperative health and proper intra‐ and postoperative care. However, the results could also be related to the age of our patients, because younger age groups are less likely to have postoperative complications. Despite the potentially high‐risk patient population, dental treatment in the hospital environment is a safe procedure.
Mitral valve prolapse: a significant cardiac defect in the development of infective endocarditis
Authors: KERPEN STEVEN J. , KERPEN HOWARD O. , SACHS STEPHEN A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBecause mitral valve prolapse is relatively common, and can underlie the development of infective endocarditis, it is important for the dental practitioner to understand and recognize the signs and symptoms of this condition. Dental treatment for a patient who is suspected of having MVP should be delayed until the patient has been medically evaluated. To avoid bacteremia and the development of endocarditis, antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory for patients who have been diagnosed as having MVP.
Cost containment: is hospital‐based dentistry affected?
Authors: Ostenberg Paul R. Van 
Published: March 2008

Cost containment, watchwords of the 80s, has resulted in an alphabet soup of alternatives: HMOs, PPOs, and DRGs. According to the three hospital administrators who participated in this Special Concern, cost containment, and traditional sources of reimbursement for hospital‐based dental care, will require hospital dental administrators to become financial managers as well as clinicians.The administrators believe that hospital dental departments can become and remain financially viable if they rethink the types of services offered, the settings in which these services are provided, and patient mix.Finally, the question of whether different payment systems will affect rationing or quality of care is addressed from three different viewpoints.
Pretreatment for the cardiovascularly compromised geriatric dental patient: Geriatric Dentistry
Authors: MULLIGAN ROSEANN 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAs more elderly patients seek dental care, dentists will increasingly be confronted with growing numbers of ill patients on multiple medication regimes. Because cardiovascular disease is the largest disease entity in this age group and the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality, this paper has focused on the major types of cardiovascular disease, and the cardiac medications routinely prescribed. Possible interactions with dental procedures or medications and alternative dental treatments and medications are discussed. The need for the dentist to continually assess the stability of the patient's health and compliance with his or her prescribed treatment regimen is stressed, because through an awareness of the patient's medical status and level of compliance the dentist can determine a course of dental treatment that will not jeopardize the geriatric patient's already compromised cardiovascular health.
The long‐term effect of mouthsticks on periodontal support
Authors: RODEGHERO PAUL , CLAMAN LEWIS , CELLIER STEPHEN , LOTZ J. WENDELL 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAfter reviewing the records for two patients, using the 15 guidelines listed earlier, there was no obvious evidence of primary trauma from occlusion caused by an oral orthosis during 13 years of use. The patients were able to maintain good oral hygiene with the help of attendants and the recall system at the Ohio State Dental Clinic. The absence of secondary occlusal trauma can possibly be attributed to this lack of significant attachment loss. It is, therefore, our opinion that a properly fitted occlusal orthosis, together with proper home care, has the capacity of producing no deleterious effects on the periodontium, teeth, and the associated musculoskeletal system over an extended period.
Fiber optics in dentistry for the homebound
Authors: OLSEN RICHARD A. , WEISS LEONARD P. , CARLSON MARILYN R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAdequate intraoral illumination has remained one of the major obstacles in providing high‐quality care in nontraditional settings. After trying to adapt various light sources, we found that a portable fiberoptic light unit meets our criteria. An added benefit not initially considered is the ability to use the light to cure composite resin materials. The fiberoptic unit has been an excellent addition to our dental home care program.
Dental diagnosis and treatment for musicians
Authors: PRENSKY H. DAVID , SHAPIRO GERALD I. , SILVERMAN SIDNEY I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOral health maintenance for the musical performer is an essential component of the training and experience. Normal tooth and dental arch development permit vocalists. and players of wind instruments and chin‐held wind instruments to achieve their optimum acoustic and esthetic musical performance. Dental disease or disorders that high‐quality performance years of vocalists and instrumentalists.
The dental management of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: FRIEDLANDER ARTHUR H. , BRILL NORMAN Q. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA significant portion of the US population has been diagnosed as having schizophrenia. Within this report, the psychopathology of the disorder and the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia are reviewed. The medical/pharmacological methods of treatment and the interrelationship between the disease process, the medical therapy, and the incidence of dental disease are described; the appropriate nomenclature can help the dentist obtain meaningful consultative advice. Necessary precautions must be taken when an individual, who is receiving certain psychotropic drugs, is to receive dental treatment.
Dental office access for patients with disabling conditions
Authors: BILL DANIEL J. , WEDDELL JAMES A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYToday's professional health care centers are becoming more accessible to patients with handicapping conditions each year. The increase in numbers of these persons in society, along with their desire to be treated locally, will result in a much higher influx of persons with disabling conditions seeking professional services. Dental professionals should be aware and make appropriate responses to the needs of these special patients. State codes for facilities access vary widely, but are clearly becoming more defined as federal legislation and federal regulations continue to support the rights of persons with disabling conditions to access work, study, leisure, and services.The dental profession has an opportunity to demonstrate leadership in handicapped access in both the private and public professional sectors without direct governmental mandates. The American Dental Association and constituent state associations can further accomplish this by setting accessibility guidelines for the dental environment.Dr. Bill is executive director. Northeastern Center. Inc. Kendallville, IN, and is a consultant in the field of handicapped accessibility planning. Dr. Weddell is associate professor, pediatric dentistry; director, dental services. James Whitcomb Riley Children's Hospital; and is in private practice, pediatric dentistry, Indianapolis. Address requests for reprints to Dr. Bill, 815 Elmwood Circle, Noblesville, IN 40660.
Phenytoin‐induced gingival hyperplasia of edentulous spaces: a case report
Authors: POPPELL TIMOTHY D. , COLLINS J. FRANK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis case report shows that phenytoin‐induced gingival hyperplasia can occur in edentulous spaces within a dentulous arch. The hyperplasia may occur after removal of the teeth in a segment of the arch or it may not resolve following tooth extraction. Careful consideration must be given to these areas if prosthodontic replacement is planned.
Dental sequelae of chronic rumination: report of cases
Authors: BURTNER A. PAUL , POPPELL TIMOTHY D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryRumination is a maladaptive behavior most commonly found in individuals with mentally handicapping conditions who live in long‐term care facilities. Chronic rumination can have severe medical and dental sequelae. Treatment of dental sequelae of chronic rumination is discussed. Two case reports are presented.
Oral treatment needs for patients requiring heart surgery
Authors: GARFUNKEL ADI A. , MASSOT SHMUEL , GALILI DAN 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA study based on a group of 184 patients was conducted to evaluate the needs for dental treatment for patients requiring heart surgery. Acquired cardiac disease was more common in the adult population, whereas congenital heart conditions were more common in the young group. A positive history of infectious endocarditis was detected in 16% of the Jewish group, but in only 8% of the Arab population. The extent of dental disease showed a significant difference between the groups with or without infectious endocarditis, 84% compared with 77.4% had dental disease per se. Periodontal disease was shown in 80% of the patients with a positive history of infectious endocarditis, but in only 53% among the patients with a negative history of infectious endocarditis. Dental treatments given to our patients followed prophylactic administration of antibiotics according to the AHA recommendations.The importance of special programs designed for treating patients before heart surgery was discussed and the need for hospital‐based dental departments was suggested.
Treatment planning considerations for the patient with developmentally disabling conditions
Authors: WOEHRLEN ARTHUR E. , SIKORA GERALD J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTreatment of patients with developmentally disabling conditions presents significant problems to the general practitioner. Oral and intravenous sedation techniques are often adequate to control the behavior of these individuals. General anesthesia provides a safe and convenient aid. Contemporary guidelines are presented to help the dentist manage these special patients.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a report of case
Authors: PETTY TREY L. , CRESPI PAUL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a debilitating disease that includes significant medically and physically disabling conditions that have an effect on the dental treatment of these patients. The dental treatment considerations for the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy include: the current status of the disease; the progressive nature of the disease; lack of ambulation; poor muscular control and muscle weakness; muscle contractures; respiratory and cardiac complications; relative contraindication of general anesthesia; and the oral health needs of the patient. In the case reported, these problems were considered and appropriate treatment modalities selected. With appropriate medical consultation and ample consideration of the patient's physically disabling conditions, dental therapy can be modified to provide a satisfactory level of oral health for the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Multidisciplinary treatment of a young child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: WAGGONER WILLIAM F. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA clinical report of case of a young child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with unusual radiographic findings is presented. Permanent first molar buds are seen developing in an arch that shows anodontia of all primary and permanent teeth. The multidisciplinary treatment involving esthetic restructuring of teeth, orthodontic movement of primary teeth, and complete and partial removable prosthodontics is discussed. Phased treatment began when the child was 20 months old and dentures were constructed and placed when the child was 38 months old. Successes and limitations of treatment administered at this age are reviewed.
Preventive dental prosthesis for the patient with bulimia
Authors: RUFF JESLEY C. , ABRAMS RICHARD A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBulimia is a distinct diagnostic eating disorder with its most noted manifestation being the rapid ingestion of large quantities of food followed by its elimination through the mouth. Because of the dental implications of highly acidic stomach contents chronically being regurgitated, the dentist is in a unique position to help identify the patient with bulimia. Dental erosion is not only the most easily noted but also the most destructive of the many oral problems caused by bulimia. This report of case describes a preventive dental prosthesis that can be used by the patient with bulimia to protect those teeth that are most affected by dental erosion. The construction of the prosthesis is easily completed with materials in the dental office and provides a great service to the patient with bulimia.
Dental caries and administrative status occurrence in Finnish children with mentally handicapping conditions
Authors: PALIN‐PALOKAS TUIJA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCaries prevalence was recorded in 204 Finnish children, aged 9 to 10 years (125 had mentally handicapping conditions, 79 had no mentally handicapping conditions—identified in this paper as “normal”). The children with mentally handicapping conditions used preventive fluoride less frequently and their standard of oral hygiene was much poorer than that of the normal children. In the registered children with mentally handicapping conditions, caries occurrence was less than that in the normal children. In the unregistered children with mentally handicapping conditions, caries occurrence was greater than in the normal children. Irrespective of administrative status or severity of mentally handicapping conditions, these children received less dental treatment than the normal children with regard to treatment need. The need to further educate dental care personnel in the dental treatment of these children seems evident, especially as long as the dental care system is not able to meet the restorative dental treatment needs of the children with mentally handicapping conditions. The necessity of preventive regimens for these children should be emphasized even at low levels of caries occurrence.
Dental considerations in the treatment of patients with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome)
Authors: BORAZ ROBERT A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe medical and dental problems of patients with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome) are presented. The particular dental problems of diminished or absent parotid gland secretion and hemifacial microsomia are detailed. A case is presented to demonstrate problems common to the management of these patients as well as appropriate treatment recommendations. A suggestion for an experimental, nonsurgical approach to treatment of the hemifacial microsomia is also discussed.
Dental health knowledge in a group of inner‐city older adults
Authors: ODRICH JOHANNA , LEVINE JOANNE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe studied a group of inner‐city older volunteers to evaluate their dental health knowledge. The respondent group, though small (n = 23), presented data that suggest that there is a need for specific information on fluoride use and benefits as well as on the utility of home and professional dental care. The findings also suggest that communicating in the older adults' native language might be advisable for ensuring comprehension of vital health information.
Oral manifestations of drug therapy
Authors: FELDER ROBERT S. , MILLAR SUZANNE B. , HENRY ROBERT H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, patients with complicated medical problems are coming to dental offices for treatment. These patients report using a variety of medications to control one or more chronic conditions. Many of these medications produce changes in the mouth because of toxic overdoses, side effects, allergic reactions, or as a consequence of the primary action of the drug. These effects include: xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, candidiasis, mucositis, stomatopyrosis, gingival bleeding, petechia, salivary gland problems, intrinsic stain, cheilitis, erythema multiforme, lichen planus, ulcerations, taste changes, tardive dyskinesias, and soft tissue pigmentation. This article discusses presentations and causes of oral changes secondary to systemic drug use.