bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal chelate absorption coupled with microbial reduction for the removal of NOx from flue gas
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Cheng‐Zhi , Shi Yao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA novel process for the removal of NOx from flue gas by a combined Fe(II)EDTA absorption and microbial reduction has been demonstrated. Fe(II)EDTA–NO and Fe(III)EDTA (EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetate) can be effectively reduced to the active Fe(II)EDTA in the reactor containing microorganisms. In a steady‐state absorption and regeneration process, the final removal efficiency of NO is up to 88%. The effects of four main parameters (i.e. NO, O2 and SO2 concentrations, and the amount of cyclic solution) on NOx removal efficiency were experimentally investigated at 50 °C. The results provide some insight into conditions required for the successful removal of NOx from flue gas using the approach of Fe(II)EDTA absorption combined with microbial reduction. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Specific recognition of non‐denatured nitrite‐oxidizing system of Nitrospira moscoviensis by monoclonal antibody Hyb 153‐3
Authors: Litman Matthew R , Chiu Norman HL , Wang James 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe objective of this research project is to develop a rapid molecular method for monitoring nitrification in a wastewater reactor. In the developed method, a monoclonal antibody (Hyb 153‐3) was used because it can specifically recognize non‐denatured enzymes responsible for nitrite oxidation in Nitrobacter and Nitrospira. The recognition of these enzymes under non‐denatured conditions can significantly simplify the procedures of future immunoassays for environmental samples collected from various natural and engineered systems. This paper presents the ability of the selected Hyb 153‐3 antibody to recognize the non‐denatured form of the nitrite‐oxidizing enzyme of Nitrospira in an aqueous phase as well as when the enzyme has been immobilized on a solid surface. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface properties and catalytic behavior of MoO3/SiO2 in esterification of acetic acid with ethanol
Authors: A Said Abd El‐Aziz , Abd El‐Wahab Mohamed MM 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA series of MoO3/SiO2 catalysts was prepared by an impregnation method with Mo loadings ranging from 1 to 50 wt%. The original and calcined samples at 400 °C were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption measurements. The surface acidity and basicity of the catalysts were investigated by the dehydration–dehydrogenation of isopropanol and the chemisorption of pyridine. The catalytic esterification of acetic acid with ethanol was carried out at 220 °C in a conventional fixed‐bed reactor at 1 atm using air as a carrier gas. The results clearly revealed that silica–molybdena catalysts were active and selective towards the formation of ethyl acetate. Moreover, the catalyst containing 20 wt% MoO3 was the most active and selective one. The results emphasize the importance of the surface acid sites together with the specific surface area of the prepared catalyst, towards ester formation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic degradation of 3‐nitrobenzenesulfonic acid in aqueous TiO2 suspensions
Authors: Gautam Satyen , Kamble Sanjay P , Sawant Sudhir B , Pangarkar Vishwas G 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of 3‐nitrobenzenesulfonic acid in the presence of solar radiation and artificial UV radiation with suspended TiO2 was studied in a batch and continuous annular reactor, respectively. The effects of catalyst loading, pH, presence of anions and cations and initial concentration on the rate of photocatalytic degradation were investigated. Concentration–time data were correlated with the rate equation d[Ct=0]/dt = krK[Ct=0]/(1 + K[Ct=0]). Studies were carried out to compare the photolytic, photochemical and photocatalytic methods of degradation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic degradation of m‐dinitrobenzene by illuminated TiO2 in a slurry photoreactor
Authors: Kamble Sanjay P , Sawant Sudhir B , Pangarkar Vishwas G 
Published: October 2005

Abstract1,3‐dinitrobenzene (m‐DNB) is one of the compounds released to water in discharges during the manufacture of explosives. Its widespread distribution as an environmental contaminant is a potential threat to wildlife and other ecological receptors. Therefore, removal of m‐DNB from aqueous solution is very important. In this work, which is a continuation of our ongoing investigation of the effect of various functional groups in aromatic derivatives, a study of the destruction of m‐DNB in aqueous solution, was carried out using both concentrated solar radiation and artificial UV radiation. It was found that a variety of phenolic intermediates are formed via hydroxyl radicals attacking the parent compound. The effects of the various parameters such as adsorption, initial concentration, catalyst loading, pH and anions on the photocatalytic degradation of m‐DNB was studied. The kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction were also studied. The effect of the second nitro group in m‐DNB was elucidated by comparison with our earlier work on PCD of nitrobenzene. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular basis for regulation of Src by the docking protein p130Cas
Authors: Nasertorabi Fariborz , Tars Kaspars , Becherer Kathleen , Kodandapani Ramadurgam , Liljas Lars , Vuori Kristiina , Ely Kathryn R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe docking protein p130Cas (Cas) becomes tyrosine‐phosphorylated in its central substrate domain in response to extracellular stimuli such as integrin‐mediated cell adhesion, and transmits signals through interactions with various intracellular signaling molecules such as the adaptor protein Crk. Src‐family kinases (SFKs) bind a specific site in the carboxyl‐terminal region of Cas and subsequently SFKs phosphorylate progressively the substrate domain in Cas. In this study crystallography, mutagenesis and binding assays were used to understand the molecular basis for Cas interactions with SFKs. Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates binding of Cas to SFKs, and the primary site for this phosphorylation, Y762, has been proposed. A phosphorylated peptide corresponding to Cas residues 759MEDpYDYVHL767 containing the key phosphotyrosine was crystallized in complex with the SH3–SH2 domain of the SFK Lck. The results provide the first structural data for this protein–protein interaction. The motif in Cas 762pYDYV binds to the SH2 domain in a mode that mimics high‐affinity ligands, involving dual contacts of Y762 and V765 with conserved residues in SFK SH2 domains. In addition, Y764 is in position to make an electrostatic contact after phosphorylation with a conserved SFK arginine that mediates interactions with other high‐affinity SH2 binders. These new molecular data suggest that Cas may regulate activity of Src as a competing ligand to displace intramolecular interactions that occur in SFKs (between the C‐terminal tail and the SH2 domain) and restrain and down‐regulate the kinase in an inactive form. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tobacco cembranoids protect the function of acute hippocampal slices against NMDA by a mechanism mediated by α4β2 nicotinic receptors
Authors: Ferchmin P.A. , Hao Jiukuan , Perez Dinely , Penzo Mario , Maldonado Hector M. , Gonzalez Maria T. , Rodriguez Abimael D. , de Vellis Jean 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNicotine has been reported to be neuroprotective in experimental and epidemiological studies. In addition to nicotine, tobacco and cigarette smoke contain cembranoids, which are antagonists of neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChR). Exposure of hippocampal slices toN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) decreases the population spikes (PS). This parameter has been used as a measure of excitotoxicity. Surprisingly, both nicotine and tobacco cembranoids protected against NMDA and this neuroprotection was not blocked by methyllycaconitine (MLA), an antagonist of α7 nAChR. On the contrary, MLA had a neuroprotective effect of its own. We examined the effect of the tobacco cembranoid (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)‐cembra‐2,7,11‐triene‐4,6‐diol (4R) on the neuroprotection against NMDA. DHβE, a selective antagonist of α4β2 nAChR, inhibited the neuroprotection by nicotine, 4R, and MLA, suggesting the involvement of α4β2 nAChRs in the neuroprotection. The cell‐signaling pathways underlying the neuroprotection by 4R and by nicotine are different. The activity of phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) was required in both cases; however, 4R required the activity of L‐type calcium channels and CAM kinase, whereas nicotine required the extracellular signal regulated kinase‐1,2 (ERK) and protein kinase C (PKC). In addition, 4R did not enhance total phospho‐ERK‐1/2 but increased the amount of total Akt/PKB phosphorylated on the activation site and of glycogen synthase kinase 3‐β phosphorylated on the inhibitory site. Total levels of phosphoenzymes are presented instead of the ratio of phospho‐ over total enzyme because in preliminary experiments total ERK‐1/2 levels were slightly increased by 4R. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that there are two different nicotinic neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by α4β2. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postsynaptic excitation of prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons by hypocretin‐1/orexin a through the inhibition of potassium currents
Authors: Xia Jianxia , Chen Xiaowei , Song Chenghui , Ye Jianning , Yu Zhengping , Hu Zhian 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHypocretins are crucial for the regulation of wakefulness by the excitatory actions on multiple subcortical arousal systems. To date, there is little information about the direct postsynaptic excitatory effects of hypocretins on the neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is important for higher cognitive functions and is correlated with level of wakefulness. In this study, we tested the excitatory effects of hypocretin‐1 on acutely isolated PFC pyramidal neurons of rats and studied the possible ionic mechanisms by using whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques. Puff application of hypocretin‐1 caused a dose‐dependent excitation. Further observations that perfusion of Ca2+‐free artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not influence the depolarizing effects of hypocretin‐1, in conjunction with the findings that hypocretin‐1 could decrease net whole‐cell K+ currents, demonstrate that the excitatory effects of hypocretin‐1 on PFC neurons are mediated by the inhibition of K+ currents but not Ca2+ influx. Finally, the decrease in K+ currents induced by hypocretin‐1 was abolished by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (BIS II) or a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (D609), suggesting that PKC and PLC appear to be involved in mediating the inhibitory effects of hypocretin‐1 on K+ currents. These results indicate that hypocretin‐1 exerts a postsynaptic excitatory action on PFC neurons through the inhibition of K+ currents, which probably results from activation of PKC and PLC signaling pathways. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hormonal and sensory inputs regulate distinct neuroblast cell cycle properties in adult cricket brain
Authors: Cayre Myriam , Malaterre Jordane , Scotto‐Lomassese Sophie , Aouane Aïcha , Strambi Colette , Strambi Alain 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFrom invertebrates to humans, it has been demonstrated that new neurons are added to specific brain structures throughout adult life. In the house cricket, adult neurogenesis occurs in the mushroom bodies, the main sensory integrative center of the brain, often considered an analogue of vertebrate hippocampus. We have previously shown that this neurogenesis can be modulated by hormones through the polyamine pathway and by environmental conditions through sensory inputs and the nitric oxide pathway. Environment‐induced neurogenesis is independent of juvenile hormone levels, so we addressed the roles of sensory inputs and hormones in the control of neuroblast proliferation. Here, by using double labelling of cells specifically in S phase (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine) together with labelling of mitotically active cells in any phase (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), we show that juvenile hormone acts on progenitor cell proliferation by inducing quiescent neuroblasts to enter the cell cycle, whereas sensory inputs act by shortening the cell cycle. Thus, in the adult house cricket, regulation of neuroblast proliferation by hormonal and environmental cues occurs through two independent modes of action. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplanted human embryonic germ cell‐derived neural stem cells replace neurons and oligodendrocytes in the forebrain of neonatal mice with excitotoxic brain damage
Authors: Mueller Dawn , Shamblott Michael J. , Fox Harold E. , Gearhart John D. , Martin Lee J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStem cell therapy is a hope for the treatment of some childhood neurological disorders. We examined whether human neural stem cells (hNSCs) replace lost cells in a newborn mouse model of brain damage. Excitotoxic lesions were made in neonatal mouse forebrain with the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist quinolinic acid (QA). QA induced apoptosis in neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, white matter, and subventricular zone. This degeneration was associated with production of cleaved caspase‐3. Cells immunopositive for inducible nitric oxide synthase were present in damaged white matter and subventricular zone. Three days after injury, mice received brain parenchymal or intraventricular injections of hNSCs derived from embryonic germ (EG) cells. Human cells were prelabeled in vitro with DiD for in vivo tracking. The locations of hNSCs within the mouse brain were determined through DiD fluorescence and immunodetection of human‐specific nestin and nuclear antigen 7 days after transplantation. hNSCs survived transplantation into the lesioned mouse brain, as evidenced by human cell markers and DiD fluorescence. The cells migrated away from the injection site and were found at sites of injury within the striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, and white matter tracts and at remote locations in the brain. Subsets of grafted cells expressed neuronal and glial cell markers. hNSCs restored partially the complement of striatal neurons in brain‐damaged mice. We conclude that human EG cell‐derived NSCs can engraft successfully into injured newborn brain, where they can survive and disseminate into the lesioned areas, differentiate into neuronal and glial cells, and replace lost neurons. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cyanopropyl reversed phase chromatography enables resolution of huperzine A and B on analytical and preparative scales
Authors: Li Xiu‐Nan , Sun Hai‐Hong , Zhang Gui‐Feng , Bi Jing‐Xiu , Ma Guang‐Hui , Ma Run‐Yu , Su Zhi‐Guo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHuperzine A (HupA) and huperzine B (HupB) are two medically important components of Huperzia serrata. It is difficult to obtain high yields of the separation from the plant using conventional liquid extraction and chromatography. However, this study has found that RP chromatography with cyanopropyl (CN) medium was able to separate these two analogs simultaneously from the plant extract with higher resolution. Comparison between a CN medium and a popular C18 medium demonstrated the superiority of the CN over the C18 in resolution for both analytical and preparative separation of HupA and HupB. A preparative process was developed for simultaneous purification of HupA and HupB from H. serrata. The yields on the basis of the mass of the herbal powder for HupA and HupB were 0.019 and 0.008% respectively, which were about 1.9 and 10 times of those reported in the literature.
Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid phase extraction sorbent for preconcentration of trace copper in water samples
Authors: Liang Pei , Ding Qiong , Song Feng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe adsorption behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) toward copper has been investigated systemically, and a new method has been developed for the determination of trace copper in water samples based on preconcentration with a microcolumn packed with MWNTs prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimum experimental parameters for preconcentration of copper, such as pH of the sample, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution and interfering ions, have been investigated. Copper can be quantitatively retained by MWNTs in the pH range 5–8, and then eluted completely with 0.5 M HNO3. The detection limit of this method for Cu was 0.42 ng/mL, and the RSD was 3.5% at the 10 ng/mL Cu level. The method was validated using a certified reference material, and has been successfully applied for the determination of trace copper in water samples.
Ionene‐dynamically coated capillary for analysis of urinary and recombinant human erythropoietin by capillary electrophoresis and online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Liu Huwei , Li Yuanzong , Liu Feng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this article, a series of ionene polymers were synthesized and used to coat fused‐silica capillaries for the separation of recombinant and urinary human erythropoietin (rhEPO and uEPO) standards by CE. The influence of the charge density of coatings on the separation of rhEPO and uEPO glycoforms was investigated. Then, we further studied the method for fast separation and detection of rhEPO and uEPO standards by CE‐ESI‐MS. The influence of several CE and MS operating parameters, such as the concentration of CE running buffer, applied external pressure, and the composition and flow rate of sheath liquid on CE‐ESI‐MS was studied. The results demonstrated that when the capillary was permanently coated with 6,6‐ionene and the pH value of acetic acid‐ammonium acetate running buffer was 4.80 and 5.50, respectively, a significantly reproducible separation was achieved for rhEPO and uEPO glycoforms. In the online CE‐ESI‐MS experiments, we not only achieved the online MS signal of uEPO, but also obtained baseline separation of three major rhEPO glycoforms successfully and reproducibly on the 6,6‐ionene‐coated capillaries. Furthermore, the standard mixture of rhEPO and uEPO was separated, and two incompletely resolved peaks that were identified to be rhEPO and uEPO by the unique MS “fingerprint” were obtained. Additionally, the molecular weight of rhEPO and uEPO were verified and compared to the results by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. It can be concluded that, in contrast to other indirect methods, the online CE‐ESI‐MS technique with the combination of the advantages of both CE and MS shows great potential for the separation and detection of rhEPO doping directly in competitive sports.
Development and validation of an HPLC confirma‐tory method for the determination of tetracycline antibiotics residues in bovine muscle according to the European Union regulation 2002/657/EC
Authors: Samanidou Victoria F. , Nikolaidou Konstantina I. , Papadoyannis Ioannis N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with diode‐array detection, at 351 nm, was developed and validated for the determination of five tetracyclines (TCs): minocycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in bovine muscle. Samples were macerated with a buffer solution, centrifuged, and purified using Abselut Nexus SPE cartridges. The separation of the examined TCs was achieved on an Inertsil ODS‐3 5 μm, 250×4 mm analytical column, at ambient temperature. A multistep gradient elution was followed using 0.05 M oxalic acid and CH3CN, at a flow rate of 1.65 mL/min. The procedure was validated according to the European Union regulation 2002/657/EC determining selectivity, stability, decision limit, detection capability, accuracy, and precision. The results of the validation process demonstrate that the method can be readily applied to European Union statutory veterinary drug residue surveillance programmes. Mean recoveries of TCs from bovine muscle samples spiked at three concentrations (100, 250, and 400 ng/g) were in the range of 98.7–103.3%. Method's LOQ values achieved were 40 μg/kg for MNC, CTC, and DC and 25 μg/kg for OTC and TC. The decision limits (CCα) were in the range of 104.7–109.8 μg/kg, while the detection capability (CCβ) was in the range of 108.4–116.7 μg/kg for all compounds.
Gradual DNA demethylation of the Oct4 promoter in cloned mouse embryos
Authors: Yamazaki Yukiko , Fujita Toko C. , Low Eleanor W. , Alarcón Vernadeth B. , Yanagimachi Ryuzo , Marikawa Yusuke 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDuring differentiation, somatic cell nuclei acquire unique patterns of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, which affect the transcriptional activity of specific genes. Upon transfer into oocytes, however, the somatic nucleus undergoes reprogramming of these epigenetic modifications to achieve pluripotency. Oct4 is one of the critical pluripotency regulators, and is expressed in the germ line, including the pluripotent early embryonic cells. Previous studies showed that the upstream regulatory sequences of the Oct4 gene are distinctly methylated in somatic cells, and the DNA methylation of the regulatory sequences suppresses the transcriptional activity. Thus, successful reprogramming of the somatic cell nucleus to gain pluripotency must be accompanied by the demethylation of the Oct4 regulatory sequences. Here, we investigated the methylation pattern of the Oct4 promoter during early development of cloned mouse embryos. We found that the Oct4 promoter was only gradually demethylated during the early cleavage stages and that the ineffective demethylation of the promoter was associated with developmental retardation. We also found that the upstream sequences of the other pluripotency regulators, namely Nanog, Sox2, and Foxd3, were considerably under‐methylated in cumulus cells. These results suggest that the Oct4 gene, as compared to the other pluripotency regulators, needs to undergo extensive demethylation during nuclear reprogramming, and that the failure of such demethylation is associated with inefficient development of cloned somatic cell embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A unified magnetic resonance imaging pharmacokinetic theory: Intravascular and extracellular contrast reagents
Authors: Li Xin , Rooney William D. , Springer Charles S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA fundamental reworking of pharmacokinetic theory for the use of contrast reagents (CRs) in T1‐weighted MRI studies is presented. Unlike the standard model in common use, this derivation starts with the quantities measured, the intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular 1H2O signals. The time dependences of CR concentrations are introduced as perturbations of the T1 values of these. Since there is an explicit accounting for the equilibrium exchange of water molecules between tissue compartments, the approach here is a new (second) generation of the shutter‐speed model (S2M). When the first‐order rate constant measuring CR extravasation (Ktrans) is of sufficient magnitude, simulations presented here confirm that neglect of plasma CR, a feature of the first generation of S2M, is a valid approximation. The second S2M generation (S2M2) also automatically accommodates excursions of either or both of the two major equilibrium water exchange systems (transendothelial and transcytolemmal) into any or all possible exchange conditions, from their fast‐exchange limits to their slow‐exchange limits. This can happen not because the exchange kinetics themselves vary during the isothermal CR passage, but because the MR shutter speeds for these processes can vary. When Ktrans is sufficiently small, the S2M2 also naturally accounts for the hyperfine blood agent level dependent (BALD) effect that is easily detectable at high magnetic field. This can be seen for virtually all CRs in normal brain tissue and for virtually all tissues with sufficiently intravascular CRs. Thus, S2M2 represents a unified pharmacokinetic theory for intravascular and extracellular T1 contrast reagents. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.