bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durable Approaches to Recurrent Rectal Prolapse Repair May Require Avoidance of Index Procedure
Authors: Bordeianou Liliana , Ogilvie James W. , Saraidaridis Julia T , Olortegui Kinga S. , Ratto Carlo , Ky Alex J. , Oliveira Lucia , Vogler Sarah A. , Gurland Brooke H. ,   On behalf of the Steering Committee for the Pelvic Floor Disorders Consortium Quality Improvement in Rectal Prolapse Surgery Database Pilot
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Surgical treatment of recurrent rectal prolapse is associated with unique technical challenges, partly determined by the surgical approach utilized for the index operation. Success rates are variable and data to determine the best approach in patients with recurring prolapse are lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess current surgical approaches to patients with prior rectal prolapse repairs and to compare short-term outcomes of de novo and redo procedures, including recurrence of rectal prolapse.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of a prospective database.

SETTING:
The Multicenter Pelvic Floor Disorders Consortium Prospective Quality Improvement database. Deidentified surgeons at more than 25 sites (81% high volume) self-reported patient demographics, prior repairs, symptoms of incontinence and obstructed defecation, and operative details, including history of concomitant repairs and prior prolapse repairs.

INTERVENTIONS:
Incidence and type of repair used for prior rectal prolapse surgery were recorded. Primary and secondary outcomes of index and redo operations were calculated. Patients undergoing rectal prolapse re-repair (redo) were compared to patients undergoing first (de novo) rectal prolapse repair. The incidence of rectal prolapse recurrence in de novo and redo operations was quantified.

OUTCOMES:
The primary outcome of rectal prolapse recurrence in de novo and redo settings.

RESULTS:
Eighty-nine (19.3%) of 461 patients underwent redo rectal prolapse repair. On short-term follow-up, redo patients had prolapse recurrence rates similar to those undergoing de novo repair. However, patients undergoing redo procedures rarely had the same operation as their index procedure.

LIMITATIONS:
Self-reported, de-identified data.

CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION:
Our results suggest that recurrent rectal prolapse surgery is feasible and can offer adequate rates of rectal prolapse durability in the short term but may argue for a change in surgical approach for redo procedures when clinically feasible. See Video Abstract.
Exploring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD) in children exposed to polybrominated biphenyl
Authors: Christensen Grace M. , Terrell Metrecia L. , Pearce Brad D. , Hood Robert B. , Barton Hillary , Pearson Melanie , Marcus Michele 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Although the causes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism have not been identified, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), during fetal development and early life has been suspected to impact neurological development. This study aims to investigate the association between prenatal and early life exposure to PBB and the development of ADHD and autism later in life.

Methods:
Data from the Michigan PBB Registry, a cohort of Michigan residents who had been exposed to PBB in a mass contamination event in 1973, was leveraged for this nested case-control analysis among two distinct samples: (1) Those who self-reported ADHD or autism diagnosis, and (2) mothers who reported their child’s ADHD or autism diagnosis. PBB exposure was measured in participants of the PBB Registry, and the mother’s PBB level was used in mother-reported analyses. Cases were matched with controls by sex and year of birth. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between PBB level and case status.

Results:
PBB levels were higher among those who were exposed in early life compared with those exposed in utero (geometric mean: 0.300 ng/ml vs. 0.016 ng/ml). Among women in this cohort, a higher than expected proportion of self-reported ADHD diagnosis (11.11%), compared with population estimates. PBB was not associated with ADHD or autism in either self-reported or mother-reported analyses.

Conclusions:
This study adds to the sparse literature about prenatal and early life exposure to PBB-153 and ADHD and autism. Future studies should examine potential effect modification by sex.
Proparacaine Overuse in Corneal Abrasions at the Emergency Department: A Case Series
Authors: Zhou Avery , Rabljenovic Anja , Steinemann Thomas L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Corneal abrasions are among the most common ophthalmic injuries in the emergency department (ED) and primarily present as severe ocular pain. Topical anesthetics provide temporary analgesia, but overuse is associated with complications including further corneal injury, infection, and vision loss. This case series describes three patients who used a 15-mL bottle of 0.05% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution after discharge from the ED and returned within three days with corneal injury and pain. Although the use of topical anesthetics is traditionally discouraged by ophthalmologists, publications in the emergency medicine literature support their use. We review the literature surrounding topical anesthetic use in the ED setting and caution against prescribing patients topical anesthetics for corneal abrasions, particularly without patient counseling and significant restriction of anesthetic supply.
Workplace Psychosocial Factors, Work Organization, and Physical Exertion as Risk Factors for Low Back Pain Among US Workers
Authors: Shockey Taylor , Alterman Toni , Yang Haiou , Lu Ming-Lun 
Published: March 2024

Objective
To evaluate the association between workplace psychosocial, organization, and physical risk factors with low back pain (LBP) among US workers.

Methods
2015 National Health Interview Survey data were analyzed to calculate the prevalence rates and prevalence ratios for LBP across levels of workplace psychosocial and organizational risk factors among 17,464 US adult workers who worked ≥20 hours per week. Results were also stratified by workplace physical exertion.

Results
The adjusted prevalence rates of LBP were significantly elevated for workers reporting high job demand, low job control, work-family imbalance, bullying, job insecurity, working alternate shifts, and physical exertion. Job control and nonstandard shifts were significantly associated with LBP only among those who reported low/no physical exertion.

Conclusions
LBP prevalence was associated with select workplace psychosocial and organization risk factors. Stratification by physical exertion modified multiple associations.
Four-Point Impedance: A Potential Biomarker for Residual Hearing After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Tan Eren , Bester Christofer , Collins Aaron , Razmovski Tayla , O'Leary Stephen 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPreservation of residual hearing after cochlear implantation allows for electroacoustic stimulation, which leads to better music appreciation, noise localization, and speech comprehension in noisy environments. Real-time intraoperative electrocochleography (rt-ECochG) monitoring has shown promise in improving residual hearing rates. Four-point impedance (4PI) is being explored as a potential biomarker in cochlear implantation that has been associated with fibrotic tissue response, hearing loss, and dizziness. In this study, we explore whether monitoring both rt-ECochG intraoperatively and postoperative 4PI improves predictions of the preservation of residual hearing.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. Adults with residual acoustic hearing underwent cochlear implantation with intraoperative intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) monitoring. The surgeon responded to a drop in ECochG signal amplitude of greater than 30% by a standardized manipulation of the electrode with the aim of restoring the ECochG. At the end of the procedure, the ECochG signal was categorized as being maintained or having dropped more than 30%. 4PI was measured on 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after cochlear implantation. Residual hearing was measured by routine pure-tone audiogram at 3 months postoperatively. The ECochG category and 4PI impedance values were entered as factors in a multiple linear regression predicting the protection of residual hearing.ResultsTwenty-six patients were recruited. Rt-ECochG significantly predicted residual hearing at 3 months (ttest; mean difference, 37.7%;p= 0.002). Inclusion of both 1-day or 3-month 4PI in a multiple linear regression with rt-ECochG markedly improved upon correlations with residual hearing compared with the rt-ECochG–only model (rt-ECochG and 1-d 4PI model,R2= 0.67; rt-ECochG and 3-mo 4PI model,R2= 0.72; rt-ECochG–only model,R2= 0.33).ConclusionsBoth rt-ECochG and 4PI predict preservation of residual hearing after cochlear implantation. These findings suggest that the biological response of the cochlea to implantation, as reflected in 4PI, is an important determinant of residual hearing, independent of the acute effects on hearing during implant surgery seen with rt-ECochG. We speculate that 4PI relates to inflammation 1 day after implantation and fibrosis at 3 months.
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and long-term mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a longitudinal analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database
Authors: Zhou Ji , Liu Chu , Liu Lili , Li Lei 
Published: March 2024

Background
Consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to the development of various adverse health conditions, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study evaluated associations between SSB intake and long-term mortality among individuals with MASLD using a nationally representative database.

Methods
This population-based, longitudinal study extracted data of adults aged 20–79 years with MASLD from the USA (US) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 2003–2014. Associations between the amount of SSB intake and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality until the end of 2019 were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results
A total of 12 965 individuals aged 20–79 years who had MASLD were identified in the database. After exclusion, 5630 participants remained for the analyses. This cohort can be extrapolated to 43 420 321 individuals in the entire US after proper weighting. The mean age of the study cohort was 44.1 years. After adjusting for confounders, no significant association was observed between SSB intake (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1) and all-cause [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–1.76) or cancer mortality (aHR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.15–1.16). However, higher SSB intake (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1) was significantly associated with elevated cardiovascular disease mortality risk (aHR = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.01–7.91).

Conclusion
In US adults with MASLD, high SSB intake is associated with nearly three-fold increased cardiovascular disease mortality risk. The findings underscore the critical need for concerted action on the part of healthcare providers and policymakers.
Comparative maintenance performance of all biologic agents and small molecules in ulcerative colitis: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Rokkas Theodore , Gisbert Javier P. , Ekmektzoglou Konstantinos , Dassopoulos Themistocles , Niv Yaron , O’Morain Colm 
Published: March 2024

Background and aims
Βiologic agents and small molecules have expanded the therapeutic armamentarium of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). However, their comparative efficacy and safety performance as maintenance treatments have not been sufficiently explored. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NWM) to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of all approved and emerging treatments for maintenance in moderate to severe UC.

Methods
We searched Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant RCTs through April 2023. The primary endpoint was clinical remission at the end of the maintenance therapy. Data were analyzed by means of a Bayesian NWM. The ranking probability concerning efficacy and safety was evaluated by means of surfaces under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) values.

Results
There were 20 eligible RCTs with 7660 patients randomized to 20 treatments. RCTs were grouped into two study designs, that is, re-randomization of patients after an induction period and treat-through patients. Concerning efficacy, in re-randomized patients, upadacitinib 30 mg/day was ranked first (SUCRA 94.9%) whereas in treat-through patients etrasimod 2 mg/day was ranked first (SUCRA 91.1%). The integrated efficacy-safety hierarchical analysis, showed that tofacitinib 10 mg had the best efficacy-safety therapeutic profile in re-randomized patients, whereas in treat-through patients infliximab 3.5 mg/Kg Q8W showed the best efficacy-safety profile.

Conclusion
For maintenance treatment, in moderate to severe UC, this NWM showed that upadacitinib 30 mg/day and etrasimod 2 mg/day were ranked best for efficacy in re-randomized and treat-through patients respectively. Tofacitinib 10 mg/day and infliximab 3.5 mg/Kg Q8W showed the best efficacy-safety therapeutic profile in re-randomized and treat-through patients respectively.
Outcomes of Colectomy and Proctectomy According to Surgeon Training: General vs Colorectal Surgeons
Authors: Purdy Amanda C , Murphy Serena , Vilchez Valery , Shanmugan Skandan , Whealon Matthew , Mills Steven , Carmichael Joseph C , Stamos Michael J , Nguyen Ninh T 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Colectomies and proctectomies are commonly performed by both general surgeons (GS) and colorectal surgeons (CRS). The aim of our study was to examine the outcomes of elective colectomy, urgent colectomy, and elective proctectomy according to surgeon training.

STUDY DESIGN:
Data were obtained from the Vizient database for adults who underwent elective colectomy, urgent colectomy, and elective proctectomy from 2020 to 2022. Operations performed in the setting of trauma and patients within the database’s highest relative expected mortality risk group were excluded. Outcomes were compared according to surgeon’s specialty: GS vs CRS. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was in-hospital complication rate. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Of 149,516 elective colectomies, 75,711 (50.6%) were performed by GS and 73,805 (49.4%) by CRS. Compared with elective colectomies performed by CRS, elective colectomies performed by GS had higher rates of complications (4.9% vs 3.9%, odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.29, p < 0.01) and mortality (0.5% vs 0.2%, OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.72 to 2.47, p < 0.01). Of 71,718 urgent colectomies, 54,680 (76.2%) were performed by GS, whereas 17,038 (23.8%) were performed by CRS. Compared with urgent colectomies performed by CRS, urgent colectomies performed by GS were associated with higher rates of complications (12.1% vs 10.4%, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.20, p < 0.01) and mortality (5.1% vs 2.3%, OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.23, p < 0.01). Of 43,749 elective proctectomies, 28,458 (65.0%) were performed by CRS and 15,291 (35.0%) by GS. Compared with proctectomies performed by CRS, those performed by GS were associated with higher rates of complications (5.3% vs 4.4%, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.27, p < 0.01) and mortality (0.3% vs 0.2%, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.20, p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this nationwide study, colectomies and proctectomies performed by CRS were associated with improved outcomes compared with GS. Hospitals without a CRS on staff should consider prioritizing recruiting CRS specialists.
Construction, analysis and assessment of relevance of an algebraic model for a class of biochemical networks
Authors: Kundu Siddhartha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe intracellular milieu presents a complex physicochemical environment where molecular redundancy prevails and infra-threshold perturbations are integrated by biochemical networks. The pathways that result from these interactions are complex and will result in a plethora of signalling cascades. The stoichiometry number matrix for a biochemical network is a suitable way to represent the interactions between various molecular species under baseline conditions and in response to stimuli. Here, we model a class of biochemical networks with a set of constrained, reaction-centric, stoichiometry equivalent and degenerate matrices. The matrices exhibit a many-to-one surjection with the null space and form a semigroup with respect to addition. The parameters for these studies are the probable dissociation constants and will be used to derive several network- and reaction-specific metrics. These will describe the class of modelled biochemical networks both, at the level of a single network and as a unit. The model is extendible and can be used to perturb a biochemical network by introducing a finite number of extraneous reactions and then comparing pairs of like-reactions. The theoretical assertions presented are complemented by detailed computational analyses of the hexose monophosphate shunt, urea cycle and folate metabolism in humans. The model provides a theoretically sound basis to interrogate the effects of molecular redundancy and perturbations in the genesis and regulation of complex biochemical function. The model is theoretically sound, mathematically rigorous, readily testable, biochemically relevant, easily parameterizable and can be used to compare biochemical networks under differing intracellular conditions, both, between cells and across taxa.
Arteriolar degeneration and stiffness in cerebral amyloid angiopathy are linked to β-amyloid deposition and lysyl oxidase
Authors: Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Nackenoff Alex , Romero-Fernandez Wilber , Bosworth Allison M , Prusky Alex , Wang Emmeline , Carvajal-Tapia Cristian , Shostak Alena , Harmsen Hannah , Mobley Bret , Maldonado Jose , Solopova Elena , Snider J. Caleb , Merryman W. David , Lippmann Ethan S , Schrag Matthew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a vasculopathy characterized by vascular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition on cerebral blood vessels. CAA is closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and intracerebral hemorrhage. CAA is associated with the loss of autoregulation in the brain, vascular rupture, and cognitive decline. To assess morphological and molecular changes associated with the degeneration of penetrating arterioles in CAA, we analyzed post-mortem human brain tissue from 26 patients with mild, moderate, and severe CAA end neurological controls. The tissue was optically cleared for three-dimensional light sheet microscopy, and morphological features were quantified using surface volume rendering. We stained Aβ, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), lysyl oxidase (LOX), and vascular markers to visualize the relationship between degenerative morphological features, including vascular dilation, dolichoectasia (variability in lumenal diameter) and tortuosity, and the volumes of VSM, Aβ, and LOX in arterioles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess arteriolar wall stiffness, and we identified a pattern of morphological features associated with degenerating arterioles in the cortex. The volume of VSM associated with the arteriole was reduced by around 80% in arterioles with severe CAA and around 60% in cases with mild/moderate CAA. This loss of VSM correlated with increased arteriolar diameter and variability of diameter, suggesting VSM loss contributes to arteriolar laxity. These vascular morphological features correlated strongly with Aβ deposits. At sites of microhemorrhage, Aβ was consistently present, although the morphology of the deposits changed from the typical organized ring shape to sharply contoured shards with marked dilation of the vessel. AFM showed that arteriolar walls with CAA were more than 400% stiffer than those without CAA. Finally, we characterized the association of vascular degeneration with LOX, finding strong associations with VSM loss and vascular degeneration. These results show an association between vascular Aβ deposition, microvascular degeneration, and increased vascular stiffness, likely due to the combined effects of replacement of VSM by β-amyloid, cross-linking of extracellular matrices (ECM) by LOX, and possibly fibrosis. This advanced microscopic imaging study clarifies the association between Aβ deposition and vascular fragility. Restoration of physiologic ECM properties in penetrating arteries may yield a novel therapeutic strategy for CAA.
Preserved spontaneous mentalizing amid reduced intersubject variability in autism during a movie narrative
Authors: Mangnus Margot , Koch Saskia B. J. , Cai Kexin , Greidanus Romaneli Miriam , Hagoort Peter , Bašnáková Jana , Stolk Arjen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndividuals with autism may perform well in structured Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks that assess their ability to infer mental states, yet encounter challenges in everyday social interactions. Using fMRI and pupillometry, we investigated whether this discrepancy stems from reduced spontaneous mentalizing or broader difficulties in unstructured environments. Autistic adults and neurotypical controls viewed a nonverbal animated movie featuring events known to evoke mental state inferences. Both groups exhibited similar ToM network activations and pupil responses to these events, alongside comparable verbal accounts of the mental states portrayed. However, intersubject correlation analysis revealed a significant reduction in response variability among autistic participants throughout the movie’s complex visual narrative, affecting brain regions beyond the ToM network. We suggest that the primary challenge for individuals with autism may lie in the idiosyncratic exploration of narratives in unstructured settings, regardless of whether mental state inferences are involved.
CXCL8 secreted by immature granulocytes inhibits wildtype hematopoiesis in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Deschamps Paul , Wacheux Margaux , Gosseye Axel , Morabito Margot , Pagès Arnaud , Lyne Anne-Marie , Alfaro Alexia , Rameau Philippe , Imanci Aygun , Chelbie Rabie , Marchand Valentine , Renneville Aline , Patnaik Mrinal , Lapierre Valerie , Badaoui Bouchra , Wagner-Ballon Orianne , Berthon Céline , Braun Thorsten , Willekens Christophe , Itzykson Raphael , Fenaux Pierre , Thépot Sylvain , Etienne Gabriel , Porteu Francoise , Elvira-Matelot Emilie , Droin Nathalie , Perié Leïla , Laplane Lucie , Solary Eric , Selimoglu-Buet Dorothée 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a severe myeloid malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Single-cell analysis of clonal architecture demonstrated early clonal dominance with few residual wildtype hematopoietic stem cells. Circulating myeloid cells of the leukemic clone and the cytokines they produce generate a deleterious inflammatory climate. Our hypothesis is that therapeutic control of the inflammatory component in CMML could contribute to stepping down disease progression. The present study explores the contribution of immature granulocytes (iGRANs) to CMML progression. iGRANs can be detected and quantified in the peripheral blood of patients by spectral and conventional flow cytometry. Their accumulation is a potent and independent poor prognostic factor. These cells belong to the leukemic clone and behave as myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Bulk and single cell RNA sequencing revealed a pro-inflammatory status of iGRAN that secrete multiple cytokines of which CXCL8 at the highest level. This cytokine inhibits the proliferation of wildtype but not CMML hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in which CXCL8 receptors are epigenetically downregulated. CXCL8 receptor inhibitors and CXCL8 blockade restore wildtype HSPC proliferation, suggesting that relieving CXCL8 selective pressure on wildtype HSPCs is a potential strategy to slow CMML progression and restore some healthy hematopoiesis.