bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood factors and war zone stress in chronic PTSD
Authors: Donovan Beverly S. , Padin‐Rivera Edgardo , Dowd Thomas , Blake Dudley David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the predictive validity of combat factors and selected premilitary variables (i.e., childhood physical abuse, substance abuse in the family of origin, or being raised in a nonadaptive or noncohesive family) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) group membership. In addition, it assessed the correlation of combat exposure and selected premilitary variables with the severity of PTSD symptomology. Ninety‐three male Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD were compared to 82 male Vietnam combat veterans without the disorder. The results of two hierarchical logit analyses identified combat exposure as the best predictor of PTSD‐group membership. However, physical punishment was also found to significantly predict group membership when entered first in the analyses. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses conducted with the PTSD group alone found that both combat exposure and physical abuse predicted greater PTSD symptomology. These findings suggest that childhood physical abuse as well as military trauma should be addressed in the assessment and treatment of chronic PTSD patients.
Antinuclear antibodies and thyroid function in sexually abused girls
Authors: de Bellis Michael D. , Burke Lillian , Trickett Penelope K. , Putnam Frank W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSexually abused girls manifest dysregulation of physiological stress response systems. In this exploratory investigation, 14 sexually abused and 13 control girls, ages 8–15 years, recruited from a prospective, longitudinal study, underwent plasma antinuclear antibody and thyroid function tests. Thyroid function tests and plasma antinuclear antibody titers did not differ between sexually abused and control girls. However, a significantly higher incidence of plasma antinuclear antibody titers was seen in abused subjects when compared with the frequency of positive antinuclear antibody liters in a sample of 22 adult healthy female volunteers, ages 20–58 years. These findings suggest that sexually abused girls may show evidence of an alteration in normal immune homeostatic function.
Compensation seeking status and psychometric assessment of combat veterans seeking treatment for PTSD
Authors: Frueh B. Christopher , Smith Daniel W. , Barker Susan E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExamined differences between compensation seeking (CS) veterans and noncompensation seeking (NCS) veterans on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) and other psychological measures in 142 combat veterans evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at an outpatient Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital PTSD clinic. Patients were grouped on the basis of their compensation seeking status, with 69% classified as CS for PTSD. The CS veterans achieved significantly more pathological scores across a wide range of psychological inventories and MMPI‐2 validity indices, although they did not differ in frequency of PTSD diagnoses from NCS veterans. Implications of these findings are discussed, and clinicians are advised to be aware of the compensation seeking status of combat‐veterans being evaluated for PTSD.
The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma
Authors: Tedeschi Richard G. , Calhoun Lawrence G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe development of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, an instrument for assessing positive outcomes reported by persons who have experienced traumatic events, is described. This 21‐item scale includes factors of New Possibilities, Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life. Women tend to report more benefits than do men, and persons who have experienced traumatic events report more positive change than do persons who have not experienced extraordinary events. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is modestly related to optimism and extroversion. The scale appears to have utility in determining how successful individuals, coping with the aftermath of trauma, are in reconstructing or strengthening their perceptions of self, others, and the meaning of events.
Voluntary and professional disaster‐workers: Similarities and differences in reactions
Authors: Dyregrov Atle , Kristoffersen Jakob Inge , Gjestad Rolf 
Published: May 2007

AbstractForty‐three rescuers responding to a bus crash that killed 12 children and 4 adults and injured many more answered questionnaires at 1 and 13 months following the crash. This study compared the responses of the voluntary and professional helpers, using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). For all helpers taken together, the decline in IES‐intrusion and IBS‐total scores was significant from 1 to 13 months. The voluntary helpers reported significantly more intrusion and avoidance on the IES at 1 month than professional helpers, and for avoidance the voluntary helpers still evidenced a significantly higher score than professional helpers at 13 months. The GHQ scores at 13 months reflected that the long‐term negative impact of the event was low.
Experiences of torture and ill‐treatment and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Palestinian political prisoners
Authors: Sarraj Eyad El , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Salmi Suhail , Summer‐field Derek 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the nature and severity of experiences of torture and ill‐treatment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was studied in 550 male nonhelp‐seeking Palestinian political ex‐prisoners from the Gaza Strip. Results showed that the more a prisoner had been exposed to physical, chemical and electric torture, psychological ill‐treatment, and sensory deprivation or bombardment the more he subsequently suffered from intrusive reexperiencing, withdrawal and numbness, and hyperarousal. Existential problems were not related to torture experiences. Furthermore, duration of imprisonment, health problems during the imprisonment, harassment during arrest and after release, family, marriage and economic difficulties all predicted intrusive reexperiences of trauma. Also, ex‐prisoners who continued to be harassed by military authorities and had economic problems suffered more from withdrawal, numbness, and hyperarousal than others.
Psychiatric morbidity following Hurricane Andrew
Authors: David Daniella , Mellman Thomas A. , Mendoza Lourdes M. , Kulick‐Bell Renee , Ironson Gail , Schneiderman Neil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe nature of psychiatric morbidity in previously non‐ill subjects from the area most affected by Hurricane Andrew was investigated at 6–12 months posthurricane. Preliminary associations of morbidity with personal and event‐related risk factors were also determined. Fifty one percent (31/61) met criteria for a new‐onset disorder, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 36%, major depression (MD) in 30%, and other anxiety disorders in 20%. Thirty four subjects (56%) had significant symptoms persisting beyond 6 months. Having sustained “severe damage” was the risk factor most strongly associated with outcome. Our data underscore the range of psychiatric morbidity related to a natural disaster, and suggest a relationship to chronic stressors.
The process in psychological debriefings
Authors: Dyregrov Atle 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCritical Incident Stress Debriefings have become an intervention method used in various cultures, countries and groups following critical incidents. Although the structure of such meetings has been adequately described, utilization of the group processes involved has received less attention. A model, process debriefing (PD), based on experiences from Europe, is presented. Some differences between the current CISD process in the United States and the Europe based model are outlined. Various factors that impact the process of debriefings are discussed with a special emphasis on leadership, and implications of these group process variables for psychological debriefing are presented. It is emphasized that the continued exploration and discussion of process issues is critical to advance the understanding of the critical elements of debriefing.
Predictors of emotional numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Litz Brett T. , Schlenger William E. , Weathers Frank W. , Caddell Juesta M. , Fairbank John A. , Lavange Lisa M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the mechanisms underlying emotional numbing (EN). The functional relationship between other classes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and EN is also not well understood. In the present study, we examined the statistical predictors of EN. We hypothesized that the severity of EN would be most strongly associated with the hyperarousal symptoms rather than the avoidance symptoms of PTSD, or comorbid depression or substance abuse. This prediction was derived from psychological and biological models that posit EN to be a product of the depletion of emotional resources subsequent to chronic hyperarousal. Using hierarchical multiple regression in two separate samples of Vietnam combat veterans, we found hyperarousal symptoms to be the most robust predictor of EN. These data suggest that there is a substantive relationship between hyperarousal symptoms and EN in PTSD.
Attentional bias in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Harvey Allison G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study investigated preferential encoding of threat material in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with a modified dot‐probe paradigm. This paradigm indexes attentional bias by measuring response latency to name neutral target words that are presented adjacent to or distant from threat words. Motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD (n = 15), subclinical PTSD (n = 15), and low anxiety (n = 15) were required to name target words that were presented either adjacent to or distant from strong threat, mild threat, positive, and neutral words. PTSD subjects named targets faster when they were in close proximity to mild threat words. Results suggested that PTSD subjects' attention was drawn to the mild threat stimuli and are discussed in the context of network models of PTSD.
Using structuration theory to analyze knowledge and process management in a consortium: a case study
Authors: Gao Ping 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThrough a case study, this paper attempts to establish an argument that structuration theory is a suitable tool for analyzing the issue of knowledge and process management in a consortium. To do so, we first theoretically demonstrate that structuration theory can be linked with the theory of organizational knowledge creation, assuming that structure is a type of categorization of knowledge, and knowledge creation is a structuration process. We then use structuration theory to dissect a consortium designing mobile commerce services. The case study concludes that the structuration perspective enables researchers to expose the improvisatory mechanism of organizational knowledge creation, in which distributed tacit knowledge is crystallized into collective explicit knowledge. The empirical observation argues that a consortium should have a pre‐project phase when a common vocabulary is developed and an integrator is introduced. The experience of our case consortium—that the white book has emerged as a tool of knowledge and process management—can be drawn upon by other cases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An international taxicab evaluation: comparing Tokyo with London, New York and Paris
Authors: Skok Walter , Kobayashi Satoko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn exploratory study was undertaken in order to evaluate the quality of Tokyo's taxicab industry, which provides a 24/7 door‐to‐door service for a daily average of 1.3 million people. This second paper, arising from the study, analyses the current situation in Tokyo, by using the Taxi Cab Management Model (TCMM) which identifies the key processes for managing and operating a taxicab service in any international city. The model provides a benchmark for measuring performance against other capital cities in developed nations. By comparing the results of this analysis with similar case studies of London, New York and Paris, areas of best practice are identified, as well as possible operational improvements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newcomers' use of colleagues as role models: research propositions for investigative thinking styles of law enforcement detectives
Authors: Filstad Cathrine , Dean Geoff , Fahsing Ivar Andre , Gottschalk Petter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractResearch indicates several important differences between a variety of sub‐cultural groups nested within the larger police culture that newcomers to law enforcement must come to grips with. The investigative culture of detectives is one such police sub‐culture that this paper is concerned with in relation to how newcomers use colleagues as role models. Newcomers use several role models, adopting different types of knowledge in order to create their own personal style as police investigators. In accordance with the partial use of role models, the newcomer needs access to several potential role models. Role models represent different investigation thinking styles, such as the method, challenge, skills, or risk style. Role models enable the newcomer to acquire needed knowledge for making a choice concerning which investigation style to choose. First, by reviewing the characteristics of role models and their thinking style they use individuals that best fit to their own perceptions. Second, it is necessary to obtain knowledge directly through interaction with those role models. This is particularly the case when a thinking style involves the use of extensive tacit knowledge. Finally, who newcomers identifies with is important for whom they prefers to use as role model(s). To what extent newcomers use role models is a result of own expectations and self‐confidence, which is related to the degree to which the newcomer is proactive in own learning. Proactive newcomers get access to informal learning arenas and build relationships with successful detectives. Proactive newcomers have access to more knowledge and are more likely to succeed in their new jobs. Less proactive and insecure newcomers are less likely to succeed as a result of not obtaining enough knowledge and experience together with established colleagues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decision‐making under uncertainty for capital budgeting and hiring
Authors: Miller Edward 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMost business decisions are not merely risky but are subject to uncertainty. Different individuals estimate different measures of merit. It is shown that the traditional procedure of ranking the alternatives by their estimated measure of merit and then choosing the highest ranked alternative frequently gives the wrong answer even where the estimates are unbiased. The argument will be made using a simple decision tree. The effect will be shown to be especially serious where there is competition, direct or indirect, between the alternatives.
XPS Investigation of Plasma‐Deposited Polysiloxane Films Irradiated with Helium Ions
Authors: Gelamo Rogério V. , Landers Richard , Rouxinol Francisco P. M. , Trasferetti Benedito C. , Bica de Moraes Mário A. , Davanzo Celso U. , Durrant Steven F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis work describes an XPS investigation of plasma‐deposited polysiloxane films irradiated with 170 keV He+ ions at fluences, Φ, ranging from 1 × 1014 to 1 × 1016 cm−2. Modifications in the atomic concentrations of the surface atoms with Φ were revealed by changes in the [O]/[Si], [O]/[C] and [C]/[Si] atomic ratios. Surface chemical structure modifications were evidenced by the increasing C1s peak width and asymmetry as Φ was increased, due to the formation of ether and carboxyl functionalities. Moreover, structural transformations were indicated by the positive binding energy shift of the Si2p peaks, due to the increasing Si oxidation. Correlations of the XPS data with other results from previous work on polysiloxanes illustrate the role of ion beam‐induced bond breaking on the structural modifications.magnified image
Comparison of Direct and Indirect Effects of Non‐Thermal Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasma on Bacteria
Authors: Fridman Gregory , Brooks Ari D. , Balasubramanian Manjula , Fridman Alexander , Gutsol Alexander , Vasilets Victor N. , Ayan Halim , Friedman Gary 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDirect and indirect influence on microorganisms of non‐thermal atmospheric‐pressure DBD in air is compared in terms of bacterial inactivation rates. It is demonstrated that direct influence of the plasma, where charged particles contact bacteria directly, produces inactivation much faster than the indirect treatment, where plasma afterglow is delivered to the bacteria with a gas flow through the plasma region. This leads to an important conclusion that the effect of charged particles on plasma plays the essential role in interaction with living organisms, although synergy with longer living active molecules and atoms as well as UV radiation generated in plasma and at the surface of tissues may also play a role in inactivation.magnified image
Electrical and microscopy analysis of dislocations in present generation devices
Authors: Mica I. , Polignano M. L. , Moreau O. , Codegoni D. , Prestini P. F. , Magni P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the most critical issues of the STI process is the reduction of the stress generation during the oxidation steps. This stress can create defects later on in the process, leading to increased leakage. In this work microscopy analyses confirm the link between dislocations and anomalous leakage current. The leakage current of transistors and diodes is measured as a function of temperature and the dislocations responsible of this leakage are characterized by the spectrum analysis of the Emission Microscopy. However, in addition to an accurate characterization of the defects, it is necessary to identify a method to detect the formation of crystal defects at an early stage in the device fabrication process. In this paper, we describe how the passive voltage contrast in the KLA‐Tencor eS31 tool is used for this purpose. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Institutional ownership, capital structure, and firm performance
Authors: Chaganti Rajeswararao , Damanpour Fariborz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn most studies of ownership and firm performance, researchers have assumed different forms of ownership do not interact in their effect on firm strategy or performance. Focusing on the role of institutional owners, this study poses two related questions: (1) What are the relationships between outside institutional shareholdings, on the one hand, and a firm's capital structure and performance, on the other? and; (2) Does the size of stockholdings by corporate executives, family owners, and insider‐institutions modify those relationships? The data, collected from 40 pairs of manufacturing firms selected from as many industries over a 3‐year period, shows that the size of outside institutional stockholdings has a significant effect on the firm's capital structure. We have also found that family and inside institutional owners' shareholdings moderate the relationship between outside institutional shareholdings and capital structure. Likewise, corporate executives' shareholdings supplement the relationship between outside institutional shareholdings and firms' performance. These findings suggest that internal and external coalitions interact with each other to influence the firm's conduct.
Successful bear‐fighting strategies
Authors: Schreuder Hein , Van Cayseele Patrick , Jaspers Patrick , De Graaff Bert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the factors involved in determining the differential performance of firms in bear markets. Bear markets are identified at the industry level by employing the criterion of a 20 percent drop of the industrial value added index over a period of at least 3 years. Twenty‐one matched pairs of Dutch firms which have experienced such bear markets (one successful, the other unsuccessful), are analyzed. The dominant finding is that successful firms follow market‐oriented strategies, whereas their unsuccessful counterparts are distinguished by their focus on costs. Success, however, is a multifaceted phenomenon. Differences in initial conditions, in other types of strategic measures, in energy levels and in timing are also involved. The findings are related to the literatures on decline, failure, turnaround and transformation.
Vertical integration in Franchise systems: Agency theory and resource explanations
Authors: Carney Mick , Gedajlovic Eric 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe ownership strategies of 128 retail franchising systems are examined in the light of existing agency and resource scarcity explanations of this organizational form. Findings suggest that franchiser ownership strategies are more heterogeneous than previously recognized, and that neither explanation, alone accounts for observed ownership patterns. A path model of franchiser ownership patterns embodying agency and resource scarcity elements is developed that is consistent with empirical findings.
Research notes and communications first‐mover effects in multiple dynamic markets
Authors: Mascarenhas Briance 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA study of first‐mover effects in semi‐submersible oil‐drilling suggests that first‐entrants in international markets maintain higher market share after controlling for market localization and life cycle. Examining only surviving entrants at a point in time inflates this pioneering‐market share relationship. Pioneering has an inter‐market effect on market share, greater than the intra‐market effect. Multinational firms may use market pioneering to resist localization pressures and enhance survival in foreign markets. The study suggests the importance of careful first‐mover identification and market definition, a wider examination of first‐mover effects over multiple markets, and control for measurement timing.
Turnaround: Retrenchment and recovery
Authors: Robbins D. Keith , Pearce John A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEmpirical research was conducted to investigate retrenchment as an integral component of the overall turnaround process. An industry study provided an anchored operational definition of a turnaround situation, indications of its internal and external causes, and an application of an absolute measure of its severity. The research further produced an empirical discrimination between retrenchment as a stand‐alone response to financial decline and retrenchment as an initial phase of a turnaround strategy, and an identification of activities that can be used to classify entrepreneurial vs. efficiency emphases in a turnaround firm's recovery response.
Research notes and communications: The effect of product recall announcements on shareholder wealth
Authors: Davidson Wallace N. , Worrell Dan L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrevious research Has found that product recall announcements in the automobile industry are associated with negative abnormal returns. We extend this research by examining announcements of product recalls and products taken off the market outside the automobile industry. We find negative abnormal returns for these announcements and that the returns are significantly more negative when products are replaced (or the purchase price is returned) than when the products are checked and repaired. We find only limited evidence that government‐ordered recalls produce more negative returns than voluntary recalls.