bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of lactobacillus‐fermented rapeseed meal in broiler diet reduces Campylobacter jejuni cecal colonization and limits the l‐tryptophan and l‐histidine biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Khattak Farina , Galgano Salvatore , Pedersen Ninfa Rangel , Hui Yan , Matthiesen Rikke , Houdijk Jos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCampylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a widely distributed global foodborne pathogen, primarily linked with contaminated chicken meat, poses a significant health risk. Reducing the abundance of this pathogen in poultry meat is challenging but essential. This study assessed the impact of Lactobacillus‐fermented rapeseed meal (LFRM) on broilers exposed to C. jejuni‐contaminated litter, evaluating growth performance, Campylobacter levels, and metagenomic profile.RESULTSBy day 35, the litter contamination successfully colonized broilers with Campylobacter spp., particularly C. jejuni. In the grower phase, LFRM improved (P < 0.05) body weight and daily weight gain, resulting in a 9.2% better feed conversion ratio during the pre‐challenge period (the period before artificial infection; days 13–20). The LFRM also reduced the C. jejuni concentration in the ceca (P < 0.05), without altering alpha and beta diversity. However, metagenomic data analysis revealed LFRM targeted a reduction in the abundance of C. jejuni biosynthetic pathways of l‐tryptophan and l‐histidine and gene families associated with transcription and virulence factors while also possibly leading to selected stress‐induced resistance mechanisms.CONCLUSIONThe study demonstrated that LFRM inclusion improved growth and decreased cecal Campylobacter spp. concentration and the relative abundance of pivotal C. jejuni genes. Performance benefits likely resulted from LFRM metabolites. At the molecular level, LFRM may have reduced C. jejuni colonization, likely by decreasing the abundance of energy transduction and l‐histidine and l‐tryptophan biosynthesis genes otherwise required for bacterial survival and increased virulence. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Charge balance in OLEDs: Optimization of hole injection layer using novel p‐dopants
Authors: Xie Menglan , Pang Huiqing , Wang Jing , Cui Zhihao , Ding Hualong , Zheng Renjie , Kwong Ray , Xia Sean 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCharge balance is one of the most important factors for realizing high performance organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). In this work, we provide a novel strategy to improve the charge balance in OLEDs by optimizing the hole injection layer (HIL) as well as the electron transporting layer (ETL) and thereby controlling the charge carrier supplies in the device. First, we develop a p‐dopant material (PD02), with a lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) of −4.63 eV, much shallower than that of the commercial material (PD01) of which the LUMO is −5.04 eV. Nevertheless, this enables us to modulate the supply of holes to the emissive layer through tuning doping concentration. We demonstrate that device performances are significantly improved by employing such a scheme. With a 23% molar doping of PD02, a bottom emission red OLED achieves an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 30%, an operating voltage of 3.4 V and a LT95 ~15,000 h at 10 mA/cm2, with a Digital Cinema Initiative P3 (DCI‐P3) chromaticity of CIE (X, Y) = (0.68, 0.32). Moreover, the efficiency roll‐off is suppressed up till ~3500 cd/m2, a desirable feature in display applications. The lateral conductivity of by using such HIL is also found to be much lower than that of PD01, resulting in reduced crosstalk among RGB pixels. Next, a new electron transporting material (ETM‐02) with a deep LUMO of −2.86 eV is also introduced to further optimize the charge balance. Although devices with ETM‐02 shows lower voltage and higher EQE, lifetime is compromised. In order to improve lifetime, additional fine tuning of the charge balance is essential. Finally, a second p‐dopant PD03 with a LUMO of −4.91 eV is added to the HIL to further extend the modulation flexibility in the hole injection. A double‐layer HIL consisting of 8 nm of HTM:16% PD02 and 2 nm of HTM:3% PD03, where the former is in contact with anode, is adopted in the device structure. The bottom emission deep red device achieve EQE over 30%, an operating voltage of 3.2 V and an improved LT95 ~13,000 h at 10 mA/cm2 with a BT.2020 range chromaticity of CIE (X, Y) = (0.701, 0.299). In the double HIL configuration, the introduction of PD03 provides one more parameter for tuning and therefore improves the overall device performances.
Motion‐sensitive cameras track population abundance changes in a boreal mammal community in southwestern Yukon, Canada
Authors: Kenney Alice J. , Boutin Stan , Jung Thomas S. , Murray Dennis L. , Johnson Nick , Krebs Charles J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotion‐sensitive cameras are commonly used to monitor wildlife occupancy rates; however, few studies have assessed whether data from cameras are correlated with density estimates obtained from more traditional labor‐intensive methods such as those based on capture‐mark‐recapture. We used data from a boreal forest community to test whether camera data were correlated with densities estimated from independent monitoring methods. We placed 72 covert cameras in the forest around Lhù'ààn Mân' (Kluane Lake), Yukon, Canada, for 7 years and tracked changes in population densities by camera hit rates. We independently estimated population densities of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) using capture‐mark‐recapture via live trapping, and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyotes (Canis latrans), and moose (Alces americanus) by snow track transects. Density estimates obtained from conventional aerial surveys were also periodically available for moose. Except for red squirrels, camera hit rates were highly correlated with population density estimates obtained by traditional methods, including across a large range of estimated densities corresponding to cyclic population dynamics in several species. Accordingly, we infer that motion‐sensitive cameras could supplement or replace traditional methods for monitoring key species in boreal forest food webs. Using cameras to monitor population change has several advantages; they require less effort in the field, are non‐invasive compared to live‐trapping, include multiple species at the same time, and rely less on weather than either aerial surveys or snow track transects. Tracking changes across the vast boreal forest is becoming increasingly necessary because of climate and landscape change and our data validate the use of motion‐sensitive cameras to provide a useful quantitative method for state‐of‐the‐environment reporting.
American woodcock migration phenology in eastern North America: implications for hunting season timing
Authors: Fish Alexander C. , Roth Amber M. , Balkcom Greg , Berigan Liam , Brunette Kylie , Clements Sarah , Costanzo Gary , Graham Clayton L. , Harvey William F. , Hook Michael , Howell Douglas L. , Maddox Seth , McWilliams Scott , Meyer Shawn W. , Nichols Theodore C. , Bruce Pollard J. , Roy Christian , Stiller Josh , Washington Dawn , Williams Lisa , Blomberg Erik J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the phenology of migration is fundamental to management of migratory gamebirds, in part because of the role migratory timing plays in setting harvest regulations. Migratory timing is particularly important for determining appropriate dates for hunting seasons, which may be selected to coincide with major periods of migration, according to local management objectives. We used global positioning system (GPS)‐transmitters to track American woodcock (Scolopax minor), characterize the timing of woodcock migration, and identify sources of variation in timing relative to current hunting season structures in eastern North America. We captured 304 woodcock in 3 Canadian provinces and 12 states from 2017 to 2020, primarily within the Eastern Woodcock Management Region. Using locations collected every 1.7 days on average, we assessed whether initiation, termination, or stopover timing of woodcock migration during fall and early spring varied geographically, differed among age and sex classes, or was influenced by individual body condition. During fall, woodcock migrating from summer use areas farther north and west (e.g., Ontario, Quebec, Canada) initiated and terminated migration earlier than woodcock migrating from areas farther south and east (e.g., Rhode Island, USA). Adult woodcock made multiday stopovers that were 3 days longer on average than juveniles and females made more stopovers on average (8.0 stopovers) compared to males (6.1 stopovers). During the onset of spring migration, woodcock that wintered farther west initiated migration before birds that spent the winter farther east, and males initiated migration on average 6 days earlier than females. Under the current 45‐day harvest regulatory framework in the United States, hunting seasons in northern breeding and southern wintering areas are generally consistent with migration phenology. At more intermediate latitudes, however, periods of migration are generally longer than 45 days, resulting in many circumstances where migrating woodcock are present during periods when hunting seasons are closed. Managers in mid‐latitude states could consider opening hunting seasons later, allowing hunters to harvest more migrant woodcock.
Anterior pelvic tilt increases hamstring strain and is a key factor to target for injury prevention and rehabilitation
Authors: Mendiguchia Jurdan , Garrues Mirian Aranzazu , Schilders Ernest , Myer Gregory D. , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeHamstring muscle strain injury is very common in sports involving high‐speed running. Hamstring muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity and thus pelvic position may influence hamstring strain during different sports movements like sprinting, but this has only been evaluated by indirect methods. This study tested the hypothesis that a change in anterior pelvic tilt causes elongation of the overall hamstring complex and disproportionately elongates proximal relative to distal muscle regions.MethodsSeven fresh‐frozen specimens (full lower limb with pelvis and lumbar spine) were used for this in vitro study. Specimens were dissected to enable visualization of the hamstring muscles and then fixed into a custom‐made testing bench that allowed controlled movement of the pelvis over a fixed femur and tibia. Nine markers were inserted into the hamstring muscles to allow intra‐ and intermuscle difference measurements. Then, six different anterior pelvic angles were used to measure the difference in hamstring muscle lengthening through a three‐dimensional reconstruction system based on stereoscopic machine vision technology.ResultsAn increase in anterior pelvic tilt produced a significant non‐uniform increase in tissue elongation in all regions of the three hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus [SMB] and biceps femoris long head), which was greater in the proximal (>1 cm every 5°) compared to the distal region (≈0.4 cm every 5°). At the proximal hamstring region, SMB showed significantly greater length changes compared to conjoint tendons with nonstatistically significant elongation differences between muscles at the distal region.ConclusionConsidering the results of the study, the pelvis segment will likely play a fundamental role as a strain regulator of hamstring muscles. These results will have an impact on injury rehabilitation and prevention processes of hamstring injuries, as well as optimize future musculoskeletal models and avoid potential underestimation of the hamstring muscle‐tendon complex lengthening during high‐speed running.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Viable cartilage allograft outperforms existing treatments for focal knee cartilage defects
Authors: Desai Bhumit , Assid Eric , Jacobs Graylin , Dasgupta Anouska , Williams Gerard , Choate Walter Stephen , Montgomery Scott , Godshaw Brian , Suri Misty , Jones Deryk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeViable cartilage allograft (VCA) is a cartilage tissue matrix that contains cryopreserved viable allogeneic cartilage fibres. This study aimed to assess safety and benefits in treating focal knee cartilage defects with VCA. We hypothesized that VCA is a safe single‐stage procedure in isolated chondral defects.MethodIn vitro analysis, in vivo studies and a prospective case series were performed. VCA was evaluated in a goat cartilage repair model. Symptomatic International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3/4A lesions of the femoral condyle or patella were implanted with VCA. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) subscales, Lysholm, Short Form‐12, Visual Analog Scale and pain frequency levels were assessed. Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at regular intervals postoperatively. Data were analysed by statisticians to determine the power and significance of the results.ResultsThe goat study confirmed that VCA is effective for cartilage repair. Twenty patients were implanted; the mean age was 28.1 (16–56), the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.9 ± 5.6 and the mean follow‐up was 24.1 months (range = 12.0–36.0 months). Lesions were in either the femoral condyle (7) or patella (13). Lesion sizes ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm2 (mean = 4.58 cm2). Outcome scores improved from preoperative baseline (POB): IKDC (78.2), Lysholm (89.0), KOOS: Pain (95.8), Symptoms (86.3), ADL (87.8), Sports (85.0) and QOL (75.0). MRI imaging demonstrated excellent osteochondral allograft assimilation. Second‐look arthroscopy (two patients) demonstrated complete fill and incorporation (Brittberg scores 11/12). Functional scores were maintained at 24 (M): IKDC (86.24 ± 17.2), Lysholm (87.23 ± 15.0), KOOS: Pain (91.72 ± 17.3), Symptoms (84.92 ± 16.1), ADLs (93.80 ± 16.1), Sports (84.45 ± 27.7), QOL (81.30 ± 20.8).ConclusionVCA is an off‐the‐shelf, single‐stage, conformable allogeneic graft that treats chondral defects with no additional fixation. Preclinical and short‐term prospective clinical studies show that VCA can safely treat chondral defects with potential advantages to existing options.Level of EvidenceLevel IV study.
Toward a synthesis of phytoplankton community composition methods for global‐scale application
Authors: Kramer Sasha J. , Bolaños Luis M. , Catlett Dylan , Chase Alison P. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Boss Emmanuel S. , Crockford E. Taylor , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Graff Jason R. , Haëntjens Nils , Karp‐Boss Lee , Peacock Emily E. , Roesler Collin S. , Sosik Heidi M. , Siegel David A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe composition of the marine phytoplankton community has been shown to impact many biogeochemical processes and marine ecosystem services. A variety of methods exist to characterize phytoplankton community composition (PCC), with varying degrees of taxonomic resolution. Accordingly, the resulting PCC determinations are dependent on the method used. Here, we use surface ocean samples collected in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans to compare high‐performance liquid chromatography pigment‐based PCC to four other methods: quantitative cell imaging, flow cytometry, and 16S and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing. These methods allow characterization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic PCC across a wide range of size classes. PCC estimates of many taxa resolved at the class level (e.g., diatoms) show strong positive correlations across methods, while other groups (e.g., dinoflagellates) are not well captured by one or more methods. Since variations in phytoplankton pigment concentrations are related to changes in optical properties, this combined dataset expands the potential scope of ocean color remote sensing by associating PCC at the genus‐ and species‐level with group‐ or class‐level PCC from pigments. Quantifying the strengths and limitations of pigment‐based PCC methods compared to PCC assessments from amplicon sequencing, imaging, and cytometry methods is the first step toward the robust validation of remote sensing approaches to quantify PCC from space.
Interfacial Engineering of Selenium‐Based Photodiodes for Extremely Low‐Noise Photodetection and Single‐Pixel Imaging
Authors: Bai Songxue , Li Ruiming , Jia Zhenglin , Yu Bin , Yao Fang , Liu Yong , Liu Hailin , Wang Du , Lei Cheng , Wang Zhiping , Lin Qianqian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelenium as one of the most historical semiconductors has been used for photovoltaics and photodetection, thanks to its excellent optoelectronic properties, superior stability, facile and low‐cost fabrication. However, commercialized Se‐based devices are mainly based on its amorphous state, which significantly limits the charge transport and requires relatively large bias voltage. The charge carrier dynamics of high‐performance crystalline Se thin films are barely reported, and related photodiodes have not been realized mainly limited by the large dark current and slow response speed. Here, poly‐crystalline Se thin films via vacuum evaporation, in situ thermal annealing, and engineered the interfaces with various metal electrodes are fabricated, which resulted in enhanced charge transport properties and reduced device leakage. The optimized Se photodiodes exhibited excellent performance metrics, including extremely low dark current density, decent specific detectivity, and superior stability. Furthermore, the optimized Se photodetectors are also introduced for single‐pixel imaging, which demonstrates excellent sensitivity and great potential for real applications.
Lung regeneration: diverse cell types and the therapeutic potential
Authors: Chen Yutian , Li Zhen , Ji Gaili , Wang Shaochi , Mo Chunheng , Ding Bi‐Sen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLung tissue has a certain regenerative ability and triggers repair procedures after injury. Under controllable conditions, lung tissue can restore normal structure and function. Disruptions in this process can lead to respiratory system failure and even death, causing substantial medical burden. The main types of respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Multiple cells, such as lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, are involved in regulating the repair process after lung injury. Although the mechanism that regulates the process of lung repair has not been fully elucidated, clinical trials targeting different cells and signaling pathways have achieved some therapeutic effects in different respiratory diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell type involved in the process of lung regeneration and repair, research models, and summarize molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung regeneration and fibrosis. Moreover, we discuss the current clinical trials of stem cell therapy and pharmacological strategies for COPD, IPF, and ARDS treatment. This review provides a reference for further research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of lung regeneration, drug development, and clinical trials.
GBA1 rs3115534 Is Associated with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease in Nigerians
Authors: Ojo Oluwadamilola Omolara , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Makarious Mary B. , Crea Peter Wild , Hernandez Dena G. , Houlden Henry , Rizig Mie , Singleton Andrew B. , Noyce Alastair J. , Nalls Mike A. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Okubadejo Njideka Ulunma ,   the Nigeria Parkinson's Disease Research Network and the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2)
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is an early feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Damaging coding variants in Glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) are a genetic risk factor for RBD. Recently, a population‐specific non‐coding risk variant (rs3115534) was found to be associated with PD risk and earlier onset in individuals of African ancestry.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether the GBA1 rs3115534 PD risk variant is associated with RBD in persons with PD.MethodsWe studied 709 persons with PD and 776 neurologically healthy controls from Nigeria. All DNA samples were genotyped and imputed, and the GBA1 rs3115534 risk variant was extracted. The RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) was used to assess symptoms of possible RBD.ResultsRBD was present in 200 PD (28.2%) and 51 (6.6%) controls. We identified that the non‐coding GBA1 rs3115534 risk variant is associated with possible RBD in individuals of Nigerian origin (β, 0.3640; standard error [SE], 0.103, P = 4.093e−04), as well as in all samples after adjusting for PD status (β, 0.2542; SE, 0.108; P = 0.019) suggesting that although non‐coding, this variant may have the same downstream consequences as GBA1 coding variants.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the non‐coding GBA1 rs3115534 risk variant is associated with an increasing number of RBD symptoms in persons with PD of Nigerian origin. Further research is needed to assess if this variant is also associated with polysomnography‐defined RBD and with RBD symptoms in DLB. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Aspartame Intake Delayed Puberty Onset in Female Offspring Rats and Girls
Authors: Lin Chia‐Yuan , Nguyen Nam Nhat , Tsai Wan‐Ling , Hsieh Rong‐Hong , Wu Hung‐Tsung , Chen Yang‐Ching 
Published: February 2024

ScopeThe disturbance of the hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis, gut microbiota (GM) community, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is a triggering factor for pubertal onset. The study investigates the effects of the long‐term intake of aspartame on puberty and GM in animals and humans.Methods and resultsAspartame‐fed female offspring rats result in vaginal opening time prolongation, serum estrogen reduction, and serum luteinizing hormone elevation. , 60 mg kg−1aspartame treatment decreases the mRNA levels of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), Kiss1, and G protein‐coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), increases the mRNA level of RFamide‐related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3), and decreases the expression of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Significant differences in relative bacterial abundance at the genus levels and decreased fecal SCFA levels are noted by 60 mg kg−1aspartame treatment. Among which,Escherichia–Shigellais negatively correlated with several SCFAs. In girls, high‐dose aspartame consumption decreases the risk of precocious puberty.ConclusionsAspartame reduces the chance of puberty occurring earlier than usual in female offspring and girls. Particularly, 60 mg kg−1aspartame‐fed female offspring delays pubertal onset through the dysregulation of HPG axis and GM composition by inhibiting the Kiss1/GPR54 system and inducing the RFRP‐3. An acceptable dose of aspartame should be recommended during childhood.