bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Performance of Rotator Cuff Repairs with Humeral Rotation
Authors: Ahmad Christopher S. , Kleweno Conor , Jacir Alberto M. , Bell Jonathon E. , Gardner Thomas R. , Levine William N. , Bigliani Louis U. 
Published: April 2008

Background Traditional biomechanical evaluations of rotator cuff repair techniques employ cyclic loading of the supraspinatus tendon in an isolated medial direction. Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate 2 different rotator cuff repair techniques that are currently the subject of debate with cyclic loading and with internal and external humeral rotation to better simulate postoperative rehabilitation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Nine fresh-frozen paired human cadaver shoulders (18 shoulders) were studied. A single-row repair with 2 suture anchors was compared with a double-row repair with 4 suture anchors. The shoulders were tested in a custom device to position the shoulder in neutral, 45° of internal rotation, and 45° of external rotation. Cyclic loading of the supraspinatus tendon was performed with an MTS material testing machine. Gap formation was measured and analyzed for each rotational position using the MTS device. Results For the single-row repair, average gap formation per 100 cycles in the positions of neutral, internal, and external humeral rotation was 1.47 ± 0.63, 3.11 ± 1.55, and 2.24 ± 0.94 mm, respectively. For the double-row repair, average gap formation per 100 cycles in the positions of neutral, internal, and external humeral rotation was 1.25 ± 0.54, 2.29 ± 1.10, and 1.57 ± 0.48 mm, respectively. For gapping averaged over all positions, the double-row repair had significantly less gapping than the single-row repair ( P = .0109); gapping was greatest for internal rotation, followed by external rotation, and least for neutral ( P < .0001). Conclusion The testing method of including a rotational component in biomechanical rotator cuff repair testing is a more realistic model of the loading conditions experienced by a repaired rotator cuff as the patient participates in postoperative rehabilitation. Double-row repair has better fixation strength than single-row repairs when exposed to cyclic loading and changes in humeral rotation position. Clinical Relevance Humeral rotation affects rotator cuff fixation and should be considered in postoperative rehabilitation.
Rapid short-duration hypothermia with cold saline and endovascular cooling before reperfusion reduces microvascular obstruction and myocardial infarct size
Authors: Götberg Matthias , Olivecrona Goran K , Engblom Henrik , Ugander Martin , van der Pals Jesper , Heiberg Einar , Arheden Håkan , Erlinge David 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of a rapid intravenous infusion of cold saline and endovascular hypothermia in a closed chest pig infarct model.

Methods
Pigs were randomized to pre-reperfusion hypothermia (n = 7), post-reperfusion hypothermia (n = 7) or normothermia (n = 5). A percutaneous coronary intervention balloon was inflated in the left anterior descending artery for 40 min. Hypothermia was started after 25 min of ischemia or immediately after reperfusion by infusion of 1000 ml of 4°C saline and endovascular hypothermia. Area at risk was evaluated by in vivo SPECT. Infarct size was evaluated by ex vivo MRI.

Results
Pre-reperfusion hypothermia reduced infarct size/area at risk by 43% (46 ± 8%) compared to post-reperfusion hypothermia (80 ± 6%, p < 0.05) and by 39% compared to normothermia (75 ± 5%, p < 0.05). Pre-reperfusion hypothermia infarctions were patchier in appearance with scattered islands of viable myocardium. Pre-reperfusion hypothermia abolished (0%, p < 0.001), and post-reperfusion hypothermia significantly reduced microvascular obstruction (10.3 ± 5%; p < 0.05), compared to normothermia: (30.2 ± 5%).

Conclusion
Rapid hypothermia with cold saline and endovascular cooling before reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size and microvascular obstruction. A novel finding is that hypothermia at the onset of reperfusion reduces microvascular obstruction without reducing myocardial infarct size. Intravenous administration of cold saline combined with endovascular hypothermia provides a method for a rapid induction of hypothermia suggesting a potential clinical application.
Comparison between conventional and "clinical" assessment of experimental lung fibrosis
Authors: Ask Kjetil , Labiris Renee , Farkas Laszlo , Moeller Antje , Froese Aaron , Farncombe Troy , McClelland Grant B , Inman Mark , Gauldie Jack , Kolb Martin RJ 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a treatment resistant disease with poor prognosis. Numerous compounds have been demonstrated to efficiently prevent pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in animal models but only a few were successful when given to animals with established fibrosis. Major concerns of current PF models are spontaneous resolution and high variability of fibrosis, and the lack of assessment methods that can allow to monitor the effect of drugs in individual animals over time. We used a model of experimental PF in rats and compare parameters obtained in living animals with conventional assessment tools that require removal of the lungs.

Methods
PF was induced in rats by adenoviral gene transfer of transforming growth factor-beta. Morphological and functional changes were assessed for up to 56 days by micro-CT, lung compliance (measured via a mechanical ventilator) and VO2max and compared to histomorphometry and hydroxyproline content.

Results
Standard histological and collagen assessment confirmed the persistent fibrotic phenotype as described before. The histomorphological scores correlated both to radiological (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.01) and functional changes (r2 = 0.51, p < 0.0001). VO2max did not correlate with fibrosis.

Conclusion
The progression of pulmonary fibrosis can be reliably assessed and followed in living animals over time using invasive, non-terminal compliance measurements and micro-CT. This approach directly translates to the management of patients with IPF and allows to monitor therapeutic effects in drug intervention studies.
Development of a New Production Process for N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
Authors: Shimasaki Yuuji , Yano Hitoshi , Sugiura Hideto , Kambe Hideyuki 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We describe the first continuous production process for N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The starting materials are γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and monoethanolamine (MEA). The process consists of two stages: the synthesis of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) from GBL and MEA, and the vapor-phase dehydration of HEP to NVP. The key features of this technology are the dehydration catalyst and the vapor-phase reaction system. The catalyst is of very simple composition, being alkali (or alkaline earth) metal oxides–SiO2. Though its acid and base strengths are very weak, its catalytic performance is high. We presume that the excellent catalytic performance is due to the selective adsorption of HEP to the catalyst. Moreover, an IR spectroscopic study of the HEP-adsorbed catalyst indicated that the isolated silanol of the catalyst surface plays an important role. This account describes the progress made from the laboratory study to the industrial process, along with the experimental results and discussion.
Ferromagnetic Interactions in Non-Kekulé Polymers. II
Authors: Hatanaka Masashi , Shiba Ryuichi 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Ferromagnetic interactions in two-dimensional non-Kekulé polymers were theoretically analyzed under periodic boundary conditions. We constructed two-dimensional Wannier functions in the non-bonding crystal orbitals (NBCOs), and PNBCO (product of NBCO) were their products. Ferromagnetic interactions were attributed to anti-parallel-spin instabilities in PNBCO, similar to one-dimensional non-Kekulé polymers. The instabilities consisted of on-site terms and through-space terms. The former resulted from the squared amplitude of the same atomic site in PNBCO, and the latter resulted from antibonding-through-space interactions between second-nearest-neighbor carbon atomic sites in PNBCO.
Evaluation of Metal Toxicity in Chlorella kessleri from the Perspective of the Periodic Table
Authors: Fujiwara Kitao , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Kawakami Hayato , Aoki Motohide , Tuzuki Mikio 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The toxicities of 33 metals (36 species of metal ions) in Chlorella kessleri were investigated and compared to several parameters such as ion radii, stability constants with several ligands, solubility products, and heats of formation (enthalpy). Although a universal parameter that could explain the toxicities of all of the metal ions was not identified, the Irving–Williams series and the HSAB (hard and soft Lewis acidity and basicity) are related to the toxicity of metal ions. With regard to aluminum group elements, the amount of free ion determines the toxicity. Metal absorption was also investigated, including its time dependence (transient absorption). The absorption (adsorption) of anionic species (oxoacid) is lower than that of cationic species which in some cases shows a high collection rate of over 90%. Furthermore, absorptivity varies during the different growth regimes of the cell. Among green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is much more resistant to metal toxicity than Chlorella kessleri. Intracellular distribution of zinc was also determined by using a zinc-fluorescent probe under a confocal laser microscope, and the result shows the intracellular distribution of pH could be an important factor for the intracellular distribution of zinc.
Log-PCR: A New Tool for Immediate and Cost-Effective Diagnosis of up to 85% of Dystrophin Gene Mutations
Authors: Trimarco Amelia , Torella Annalaura , Piluso Giulio , Maria Ventriglia Vega , Politano Luisa , Nigro Vincenzo 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Background: Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Despite the progress in the technologies of mutation detection, the disease of one third of patients escapes molecular definition because the labor and expense involved has precluded analyzing the entire gene. Novel techniques with higher detection rates, such as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization, have been introduced.
Methods: We approached the challenge of multiplexing by modifying the PCR chemistry. We set up a rapid protocol that analyzes all dystrophin exons and flanking introns (57.5 kb). We grouped exons according to their effect on the reading frame and ran 2 PCR reactions for DMD mutations and 2 reactions for BMD mutations under the same conditions. The PCR products are evenly spaced logarithmically on the gel (Log-PCR) in an order that reproduces their chromosomal locations. This strategy enables both simultaneous mapping of all the mutation borders and distinguishing between DMD and BMD. As a proof of principle, we reexamined samples from 506 patients who had received a DMD or BMD diagnosis.
Results: We observed gross rearrangements in 428 of the patients (84.6%; 74.5% deletions and 10.1% duplications). We also recognized a much broader spectrum of mutations and identified 14.6% additional cases.
Conclusions: This study is the first exhaustive investigation of this subject and has made possible the development of a cost-effective test for diagnosing a larger proportion of cases. The benefit of this approach may allow more focused efforts for discovering small or deep-intronic mutations among the few remaining undiagnosed cases. The same protocol can be extended to set up Log-PCRs for other high-throughput applications.
Ethnic Differences in C-Reactive Protein Concentrations
Authors: Kelley-Hedgepeth Alyson , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Colvin Alicia , Matthews Karen A , Johnston Janet , Sowers MaryFran R , Sternfeld Barbara , Pasternak Richard C , Chae Claudia U ,   for the SWAN Investigators
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Background: Limited data exist regarding the ethnic differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, an inflammatory marker associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that known CVD risk factors, including anthropometric characteristics, would explain much of the observed ethnic variation in CRP.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3154 women, without known CVD and not receiving hormone therapy, enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiethnic prospective study of pre- and perimenopausal women.
Results: The study population was 47.4% white, 27.7% African-American, 8.5% Hispanic, 7.7% Chinese, and 8.6% Japanese; mean age was 46.2 years. African-American women had the highest median CRP concentrations (3.2 mg/L), followed by Hispanic (2.3 mg/L), white (1.5 mg/L), Chinese (0.7 mg/L), and Japanese (0.5 mg/L) women (all pairwise P &lt; 0.001 compared with white women). Body mass index (BMI) markedly attenuated the association between ethnicity and CRP. After adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, BMI, and other risk factors, African-American ethnicity was associated with CRP concentrations &gt;3 mg/L (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.07–1.75), whereas Chinese and Japanese ethnicities were inversely related (0.58, 0.35–0.95, and 0.43, 0.26–0.72, respectively).
Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, particularly BMI, account for much but not all of the ethnic differences in CRP concentrations. Further study is needed of these ethnic differences and their implications for the use of CRP in CVD risk prediction.
Design and Application of Noncontinuously Binding Probes Used for Haplotyping and Genotyping
Authors: Pont-Kingdon Genevieve , Margraf Rebecca L , Sumner Kelli , Millson Alison , Lyon Elaine , Schütz Ekkehard 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Background: Many methods for genotyping use melting temperature (Tm) of sequence-specific probes. Usually the probes hybridize to a continuous stretch of DNA that contains the variant(s). In contrast, hybridization of noncontinuous probes to a template can form bulges. This report generates guidelines for the design of noncontinuous probes.
Methods: We used software to predict hybridization structures and Tms from 10 noncontinuous probes and 54 different templates. Predicted Tms were compared to existing experimental data. The bulging template’s sequences (omitted in the probe) ranged in size from 1 to 73 nucleotides. In 36 cases, we compared observed and predicted ΔTms between alleles complementary to the probe and mismatched alleles. In addition, using software that predicts effects of bulges, we designed a probe and then tested it experimentally.
Results: The mean differences between predicted and observed Tms were 0.65 (2.51) °C with the Visual OMP software and 0.28 (1.67) °C with the MeltCalc software. ΔTms were within a mean (SD) of 0.36 (1.23) °C (Visual OMP) and −0.01 (1.02) °C (MeltCalc) of observed values. An increase in the size of the template bulge resulted in a decrease in Tms. In 2 templates, the presence of a variant in the bulge influenced the experimental Tm of 2 noncontinuous probes, a result that was not predicted by the software programs.
Conclusions: The use of software prediction should prove useful for the design of noncontinuous probes that can be used as tools for molecular haplotyping, multiplex genotyping, or masking sequence variants.
In situ Monitoring of Pavement Stresses on the A1 in Switzerland
Authors: Morgan G. C. J. , Poulikakos L. D. , Arraigada M. , Partl M. N. , Muff R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A large number of sensors installed as part of the European cooperative project, Eureka Logchain Footprint, are used to examine the effects of individual vehicles on the road pavement and the environment. The weigh-in-motion data recorded at the Footprint Monitoring Site near Lenzburg, Switzerland are analyzed and figures are presented which describe the nature of the traffic experienced at the monitoring site. The weigh-in-motion data are matched to data from a prototype stress-in-motion sensor from the same site and the two datasets are compared. The ability of the stress-in-motion sensor to record the contact stress distribution is discussed and procedures are proposed for describing the shape of the distribution using a relatively small number of parameters. A method for quantifying distribution shape in terms of an “m”-ness value is proposed. A finite element model of the road is constructed, validated, and used to predict the stresses and strains in the pavement related to particular contact stress distributions. It is demonstrated that, for all but the heaviest tires, the shape of the stress distribution has a significant effect on the stresses and strains within the pavement.
Bilingual emotions
Authors: Panayiotou Alexia 
Published: April 2008

This paper is part of a broader work on the cultural construction of emotions as examined
through a qualitative study with Greek/English bilingual/bicultural informants. The paper argues that there are emotions which are specific to certain languages and cultures and focuses on one example of untranslatable emotions: the Greek stenahoria (loosely translated as ‘discomfort/sadness/suffocation’) and the English frustration. The paper asserts that although a respective linguistic translation may not exist for these terms, they may, in fact, be the cultural translations of each other as shown by the descriptions given by bilinguals and their use in various cultural contexts. The use of bilingual informants in this research overcomes some of the methodological problems of previous work on the cultural and linguistic comparison of emotion terms. The author argues that bilinguals, as people who cross physical, linguistic, and cultural boundaries, offer an optimal cross-cultural comparison of emotion terms because they subjectively experience two languages and two cultures.
Este estudo forma parte dun traballo máis amplo sobre a construción cultural das emocións analizada nunha investigación cualitativa con informantes bilingües / biculturais en grego e inglés. O artigo esgrime que existen emocións que son específicas de certas linguas e culturas, e céntrase nun caso de emocións intraducíbeis: o grego stenahoria (traducido de maneira aproximada por ‘desacougo’, ‘tristura’, ‘abafo’) e o inglés frustration. No artigo afírmase que, malia non existir a correspondente tradución lingüística para estes termos, na realidade poden producirse traducións culturais dos mesmos, como o mostran as descricións dadas polos bilingües e o seu uso en diversos contextos culturais. O recurso a informantes bilingües nesta investigación supera algúns dos problemas metodolóxicos de traballos anteriores sobre a comparación cultural e lingüística dos termos de emoción. A autora argumenta que os bilingües, como persoas que traspasan límites físicos, lingüísticos e culturais, facilitan unha comparación intercultural óptima para os termos de emoción dado que subxectivamente conviven con dúas linguas e dúas culturas.
Adquisición de las propiedades morfosintácticas del español por parte de niños bilingües en etapas avanzadas
Authors: Guijarro-Fuentes Pedrp , Clibbens John 
Published: April 2008

In this study we examine the development of morphosyntactical knowledge by Spanish- English and English-Spanish simultaneous bilinguals. In particular, we investigate the acquisition of verbal aspect and its semantic entailments of the Spanish preterite and imperfect tenses from a generative point of view (de Miguel, 1992; Smith, 1997). As a departure point, we would not expect to find great differences between the bilingual and monolingual grammars if both grammars evolve in a similar way; if that is not the case, and given that both languages, English and Spanish, exhibit clear differences in relation to the categories tense and aspect (Smith, 1997), we would claim that the differences could beaccounted for due to the fact that one of the languages is the dominant one and due to the transference of properties from one language to another. Overall the results show that subjects do not confuse preterite and imperfect forms in production; however, the bilingual participants have problems with the aspectual feature and its semantic entailment. In the light of these results we claim that the acquisition of these two aspects of functional categories is dissociated as has been observed in L2 grammars (Lardiere, 1998a, 1998b).

Neste estudio analizaremos o desenvolvemento do coñecemento morfosintáctico por parte de nenos bilingües simultáneos español-inglés e inglés-español. En concreto, investigaremos a adquisición da morfoloxía verbal e as súas propiedades semánticas nos tempos do pasado do español (imperfecto/indefinido) desde un punto de vista xerativista (de Miguel, 1992; Smith, 1997). Como hipótese inicial, non esperamos atopar diferenza algunha entre a gramática dun bilingüe e dun monolingüe de partirmos do presuposto de ambas gramáticas evolucionaren de forma paralela; en caso negativo, e dado que ambas linguas, inglés e español, mostran ter diferenzas con respecto ao tempo/aspecto (Smith, 1997), poderiamos esperar que ambas gramáticas amosen estruturas diferentes dependendo de cal sexa a lingua dominante e debido á transferencia de propiedades de unha a outra lingua. Os resultados indican que existen diferenzas significativas entre ambas gramáticas, e mentres que ambos grupos de bilingües simultáneos non semellan ter problemas á hora de recoñeceren as formas morfolóxicas do contraste imperfecto/indefinido en español, ese non parece ser o caso do aspecto e das súas implicacións semánticas. De aí que propoñamos que exista unha clara disociación entre aspecto e tempo na gramática bilingüe de ambos grupos de nenos tal e como semella ocorrer na adquisición de segundas linguas (Lardiere, 1998a, 1998b).
A Comparison of the Scale and Otolith Methods of Age Estimation for Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron
Authors: Muir Andrew M. , Ebener Mark P. , He Ji X. , Johnson James E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We compared sagittal otolith and scale age estimation methodologies for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis collected in Georgian Bay and the main basin of Lake Huron between 2002 and 2004 in terms of the age, growth, and mortality estimates generated by the two methodologies. In general, otolith age estimates were higher than scale age estimates. Forty-nine percent of the fish aged by otoliths were judged to be greater than 10 years of age, compared with 5% of the fish aged by scales, and more age-classes were found when otoliths were used. Otolith and scale ages agreed for 16% (n = 60) of Georgian Bay fish and only 9% (n = 27) of main-basin fish. The overall coefficients of variation for the otolith and scale age estimation methodologies pooled across years and basins were 5.52% and 2.68%, respectively. Mean length at age based on otoliths was significantly lower than mean length at age based on scales. Variation in the mean length at age was greatest for fish age 7 and older. Otolith-based catch-curve estimates of total instantaneous mortality (Z) were 1.26 in Georgian Bay and 0.57 in the main basin. In contrast, scale-based estimates of Z were 0.98 for Georgian Bay and 0.85 for main-basin lake whitefish. This study has demonstrated that estimates of age, growth, and mortality for lake whitefish in Lake Huron vary according to aging methodology. Therefore, we recommend that mark–recapture studies be undertaken to validate the spatiotemporal variation in lake whitefish age estimates in Lake Huron.