bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical work of crack growth and environmental stress cracking resistance of semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Sharif A. , Mohammadi N. , Ghaffarian S. R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe area fraction of tie molecules at the crystal–amorphous interface, amorphous phase dynamics, average crystal strength against stem sliding, and crack growth tortuosity concepts have been used simultaneously, for the first time, to develop a model for predicting the environmental stress cracking resistance of semicrystalline polymers. The model is based on the analogy of crack growth through the amorphous phase of semicrystalline polymers in a harsh environment at adhesive polymer–substrate interfaces. The model variable consists of the practical work of crack growth (Gc) times the crack growth path tortuosity (Γ) and correlates very well with the time to failure in the full notch creep test (FNCT) through a sigmoidal‐type equation: FNCT = a{1 + exp[(b − GcΓ)/c]}−1, where a (3386), b (0.16), and c (0.006) are constants (r2 = 0.999). Gc is calculated by multiplication of the area fraction of tie molecules at the crystal–amorphous interface, the amorphous phase loss factor value at −25°C, and the sample storage shear modulus at the test temperature, whereas Γ is estimated as the product of the sample molecular weight and its distribution. The application of the Kendall rank correlation coefficient test as a primitive gross criterion of comparison among the proposed correlations also shows reasonable values of the rank correlation coefficient (0.891) and probability (0.000) for the new model. In other words, a point‐to‐point increasing or descending trend among the experimentally found data is ignored in comparison with the sound physical basis of the correlation toward the development of a comprehensive model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
New aspects of viscosity effects on the photopolymerization kinetics of the 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxymethacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomer system
Authors: Andrzejewska Ewa , Marcinkowska Agnieszka 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe photopolymerization kinetics and viscosity behavior of 11 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxymethacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate mixtures were investigated. The viscosity was studied at six temperatures (20–70°C), and the activation energies for the viscosity were determined. The excess logarithm viscosities were calculated and found to be negative over the whole composition and temperature ranges; they were fitted to the Redlish–Kister polynomial equation. The kinetic analysis of the photopolymerization was carried out at three polymerization temperatures (20, 40, and 60°C). The results proved the existence of the most reactive composition (reaching the highest value of the maximum polymerization rate), but the ratio of the monomers in this composition, close to equimolar, showed a tendency to change with the polymerization temperature. The viscosities of the most reactive compositions lay in the range of about 0.1–1.2 Pa s, which was narrow in comparison with the range of viscosities of all the compositions used in the kinetic studies (from 3 × 10−3 to 1.5 × 103 Pa s). The activation energies for the polymerization rates were calculated and correlated with the viscosity changes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
1,3‐ and 1,2‐Carbo‐Migration of 2‐Vinylbicyclo[2.2.2]octenols: Facile and Concise Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.2.2]/[3.2.2] Skeleton by Two/One‐Carbon Ring Expansion
Authors: Lu Yan‐Bin , Lee Tsung‐Ho , Liu Wen‐Cheng , Chuang Gary Jing , Liao Chun‐Chen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of bicyclo[4.2.2]octenones and bicyclo[3.2.2]heptenones by 1,3‐ or 1,2‐migration reaction from 2‐vinylbicyclo[2.2.2]octenols is reported. These ring‐expansion reactions were accomplished under basic or neutral conditions. Whether 1,3‐ or 1,2‐migration takes place depends on endo‐ or exocyclic olefin displacement in the substrates.
Acid–Base Bifunctional Catalytic Surfaces for Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Authors: Motokura Ken , Tada Mizuki , Iwasawa Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article illustrates the modification of oxide surfaces with organic amine functional groups to create acid–base bifunctional catalysts, summarizing our previous reports and also presenting new data. Immobilization of organic amines as bases on inorganic solid–acid surfaces afforded highly active acid–base bifunctional catalysts, which enabled various organic transformations including CC coupling reactions, though these reactions did not proceed with either the homogeneous amine precursors or the acidic supports alone. Spectroscopic characterization, such as by solid‐state MAS NMR and FTIR, revealed not only the interactions between acidic and basic sites but also bifunctional catalytic reaction mechanisms.
Second‐generation biofuels and local bioenergy systems
Authors: Antizar‐Ladislao Blanca , Turrion‐Gomez Juan L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFirst‐generation biofuels, mainly from corn and other food‐based crops are being used as a direct substitute for fossil fuels in transport. However, they are available in limited volumes that do not make them serious replacements for petroleum. Second‐generation biofuels from forest and crop residues, energy crops and municipal and construction waste, will arguably reduce net carbon emission, increase energy effi ciency and reduce energy dependency, potentially overcoming the limitations of fi rst‐generation biofuels. Nevertheless, implementation of second‐generation biofuels technology will require a sustainable management of energy, or development of local bioenergy systems. This study aims at identifying second‐generation biofuel feedstock. It also provides information on the available technologies to produce second‐generation biofuels. Finally it discusses the development of local bioenergy systems vs sustainable use of second‐generation biofuels. Locally produced second‐generation biofuels will exploit local biomass to optimize their production and consumption. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A vector system for genomic FLAG epitope‐tagging in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Noguchi Chiaki , Garabedian Mikael V. , Malik Marriam , Noguchi Eishi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a popular model organism to study various cellular processes, although research tools available for S. pombe are relatively inadequate. To facilitate genetic and biochemical investigation in S. pombe, we report here a system of vectors for genomic FLAG epitope‐tagging. These vectors enable us to amplify gene‐targeting fragments for integration into specific loci of the S. pombe genome. All vectors in this report were designed to express FLAG epitope‐tagged proteins from their endogenous genomic loci. Vectors for N‐terminal FLAG epitope‐tagging allow us to control protein expression levels using the wild‐type nmt1 promoter, its weaker derivatives, and the urg1 promoter. These vectors are available with various antibiotic markers including kanMX6, hphMX6, natMX6 and bleMX6, and the his3+ marker. Vectors for C‐terminal FLAG epitope‐tagging were designed to express FLAG‐fusion proteins under the control of their native promoters at their own genomic loci, allowing us to characterize protein functions under physiological conditions. These vectors are available with kanMX6, hphMX6, nat‐MX6 and bleMX6 markers. The series of vectors described in this report should prove useful for protein studies in fission yeast.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and DNA‐Cleaving Behavior of 5‐Substituted Benzene‐1,3‐bis(methylene)‐Spaced Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Li Tuanjie , Du Jun , Li Tao , Wu Ziyi , He Weijiang , Zhu Jianhui , Guo Zijian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThree meta‐dicopper complexes, 1–3, based on 5‐substituted 1,3‐xylylene spacer have been synthesized. These complexes are capable of inducing the transformation of supercoiled DNA (pUC19) to its nicked and linear DNA form in the presence of ascorbate, and their DNA nicking efficiency can be correlated to their DNA‐binding ability. The cleavage mechanism is similar to that of the non‐substituted meta‐dicopper complex A. Amongst the three complexes, 5‐(aminomethyl)‐substituted complex 3 displayed a higher DNA‐binding ability and nicking efficiency than unsubstituted complex A. The CD‐spectroscopic study and structural analysis imply that the different Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu distances and DNA binding modes induced by different 5‐substituents on benzene‐1,3‐bis(methylene) spacer may be responsible for the different DNA cleaving behavior of meta‐dicopper complexes.
The Thulium Complex of 1,4,7,10‐Tetrakis{[N‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)carbamoyl]methyl}‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (dotami) as a ParaCEST Contrast Agent
Authors: Burdinski Dirk , Lub Johan , Pikkemaat Jeroen A. , Langereis Sander , Grüll Holger , ten Hoeve Wolter 
Published: August 2008

Abstract1,4,7,10‐Tetrakis{[N‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)carbamoyl]methyl}‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (dotami), a tetra(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) derivative of the well‐studied octadentate 1,4,7,10‐tetrakis[(carbamoyl)methyl]‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (dotam) ligand, was synthesized by reaction of 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane with N‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)chloroacetamide in high yield. Its tricationic thulium complex was isolated as a water‐soluble chloride salt. The detection of the mildly acidic amide and amine protons by direct proton NMR in aqueous solution was unsuccessful, but such exchangeable protons could be detected via their chemical exchange‐dependent saturation transfer (CEST) effect. The observed CEST effect was distinctly different from that found for respective dotam complexes and is, therefore, ascribed to exchangeable protons associated with the imidazole substituent.
Eutectic Phase in Water‐Ice: A Self‐Assembled Environment Conducive to Metal‐Catalyzed Non‐Enzymatic RNA Polymerization
Authors: Monnard Pierre‐Alain , Ziock Hans 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInformation and catalytic polymers play an essential role in contemporary cellular life, and their emergence must have been crucial during the complex processes that led to the assembly of the first living systems. Polymerization reactions producing these molecules would have had to occur in aqueous medium, which is known to disfavor such reactions. Thus, it was proposed early on that these polymerizations had to be supported by particular environments, such as mineral surfaces and eutectic phases in water‐ice, which would have led to the concentration of the monomers out of the bulk aqueous medium and their condensation. This review presents the work conducted to understand how the eutectic phases in water‐ice might have promoted RNA polymerization, thereby presumably contributing to the emergence of the ancient information and catalytic system envisioned by the ‘RNA‐World’ hypothesis.
Addition of DNA to CrVI and Cytochrome b5 Containing Proteoliposomes Leads to Generation of DNA Strand Breaks and CrIII Complexes
Authors: Borthiry Griselda R. , Antholine William E. , Myers Judith M. , Myers Charles R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChromium (Cr) is a cytotoxic metal that can be associated with a variety of types of DNA damage, including Cr‐DNA adducts and strand breaks. Prior studies with purified human cytochrome b5 and NADPH : P450 reductase in reconstituted proteoliposomes (PLs) demonstrated rapid reduction of CrVI (hexavalent chromium, as CrO), and the generation of CrV, superoxide (O2.−), and hydroxyl radical (HO.). Studies reported here examined the potential for the species produced by this system to interact with DNA. Strand breaks of purified plasmid DNA increased over time aerobically, but were not observed in the absence of O2. CrV is formed under both conditions, so the breaks are not mediated directly by CrV. The aerobic strand breaks were significantly prevented by catalase and EtOH, but not by the metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), suggesting that they are largely due to HO. from Cr‐mediated redox cycling. EPR was used to assess the formation of Cr‐DNA complexes. Following a 10‐min incubation of PLs, CrO, and plasmid DNA, intense EPR signals at g=5.7 and g=5.0 were observed. These signals are attributed to specific CrIII complexes with large zero field splitting (ZFS). Without DNA, the signals in the g=5 region were weak. The large ZFS signals were not seen, when CrIIICl3 was incubated with DNA, suggesting that the CrIIIDNA interactions are different when generated by the PLs. After 24 h, a broad signal at g=2 is attributed to CrIII complexes with a small ZFS. This g=2 signal was observed without DNA, but it was different from that seen with plasmid. It is concluded that EPR can detect specific CrIII complexes that depend on the presence of plasmid DNA and the manner in which the CrIII is formed.
Hydrolysis and Cytotoxic Properties of Osmium(II)/(III)‐DMSO‐Azole Complexes. Short Communication
Authors: Egger Alexander , Cebrián‐Losantos Berta , Stepanenko Iryna N. , Krokhin Artem A. , Eichinger Rene , Jakupec Michael A. , Arion Vladimir B. , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe antiproliferative properties of the osmium(II) complexes cis,fac‐[OsIICl2(DMSO)3(L)] and trans,cis,cis‐[OsIICl2(DMSO)2(L)2] (L=1H‐pyrazole, 1H‐imidazole) were studied in three human cancer cell lines, namely 41M (ovary), SK‐BR‐3 (breast), and SW480 (colon). Their activities were compared with those of osmium(III) and ruthenium(III) NAMI‐A type complexes on HT‐29 (colon) and SK‐BR‐3 cancer cell lines. While IC50 values of all the OsII complexes were found to be >1000 μM in all cell lines, Os and Ru‐NAMI‐A type complexes showed remarkable antiproliferative activity. The marginal in vitro cytotoxicity of the OsII compounds is presumably attributed to their resistance to hydrolysis. However, the Os‐NAMI‐A complexes, which are also kinetically stable in aqueous solution, showed reasonable antiproliferative activity in vitro when compared with the analogous Ru compounds and with the OsII‐DMSO‐azole species, indicating that hydrolysis might be not a prerequisite for the antitumor activity of Os‐NAMI‐A type complexes.
Elucidation of the Interactions of an Anticancer Ruthenium Complex in Clinical Trials with Biomolecules Utilizing Capillary Electrophoresis Hyphenated to Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry. Short Communication
Authors: Groessl Michael , Hartinger Christian G. , Połeć‐Pawlak Kasia , Jarosz Maciej , Dyson Paul J. , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with highly sensitive inductively‐coupled‐plasma mass spectrometric (ICP‐MS) detection allows the interactions of metal complexes with biomolecules to be characterized. This technique has been used to provide new insights into the mode of action of the ruthenium‐based anticancer drug candidate indazolium [trans‐tetrachlorobis(1H‐indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019). While the compound binds rapidly and efficiently to serum proteins, especially albumin, its reactivity towards the model DNA compound 2′‐deoxyguanosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐dGMP) is moderate.
Action Mechanism of Insulin‐Mimetic Vanadyl–Allixin Complex
Authors: Hiromura Makoto , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the 21st century, there has been a dramatic worldwide increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndromes, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Several synthetic pharmaceutical agents have been developed and used for the treatment of type‐2 DM; however, these compounds have several problems such as side effects, hypoglycemia, and weight gain. Therefore, new drugs are required for DM therapy. We have proposed that some vanadyl complexes function as potent insulin‐mimetic and antidiabetic agents in type‐1 and type‐2 DM animal models. In this article, we review the possible action mechanism of insulin‐mimetic and antidiabetic vanadyl complexes, focusing on a recently proposed complex, bis(allixinato)oxovanadium(IV), with respect to the insulin‐signaling pathway in cultured adipocytes.
Phosphite‐Derivatized Ruthenium‐Carbohydrate Complexes in the Catalytic Hydration of Nitriles. Short Communication
Authors: Ashraf Shaheen M. , Berger Isabella , Nazarov Alexey A. , Hartinger Christian G. , Koroteev Mikhail P. , Nifant'ev Eduard E. , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of metal complexes with bioligands is one option to introduce chirally defined ligands to catalysts. Herein, the hydration of nitriles to the corresponding carboxamides by use of ruthenium(II) complexes is described, which were obtained by attaching derivatives of the 3,5,6‐bicyclophosphite‐α‐D‐glucofuranoside ligand.
Terpene Conjugates of Diaminedichloridoplatinum(II) Complexes: Antiproliferative Effects in HL‐60 Leukemia, 518A2 Melanoma, and HT‐29 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Bernhardt Günther , Biersack Bernhard , Bollwein Susanne , Schobert Rainer , Zoldakova Miroslava 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwenty‐eight [6‐(aminomethyl)nicotinate]dichloridoplatinum(II) complexes 1 esterified with various terpene alcohols either directly or via alkyl spacers were tested for antiproliferative activity in human 518A2 melanoma and HL‐60 leukemia cells. Generally, conjugates with menthanes and polycyclic sesquiterpenes attached via propane‐1,2‐diyl spacers were most active. In the melanoma cells, the propane‐1,2‐diyl‐spacered conjugates of (−)‐menthol (1a2′), (+)‐neomenthol (1b2′), (−)‐carvomenthol (1h2′), and (−)‐isolongifolol (1n2′) displayed growth inhibition at IC50<4 μM which is ten times smaller than that of cisplatin. The stationary diamino ligand was also crucial. The (−)‐menthyl ester complexes with 2,3‐diaminopropanoate (9a) and 2,4‐diaminobutanoate (10a) ligands caused a greater and persistent growth inhibition in HT‐29 colon cancer cells upon long‐term exposure when compared to the 6‐(aminomethyl)nicotinate analogue 1a. The cedrenyl ester 1l and the menthoxyisopropyl ester 1a2′ proved most efficacious in all three tumor cell lines. The DNA binding of complexes 1 was assessed by electrophoretic band‐shift experiments and found correlated to the terpene structure but not to the observed antiproliferative activities.
Carotid angioplasty and stenting in octogenarians: Is it safe?
Authors: Henry M. , Henry I. , Polydorou A. , Hugel M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPurpose: Elderly patients have a higher risk of complications in carotid endarterectomy. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether carotid artery stenting (CAS) performed in octogenarians also increases the procedure related risk. Methods: 870 patients (male 626) mean age 70.9 ± 9.3 years underwent 930 CAS for de novo lesions (n = 851) restenoses (n = 54) post radiation (n = 14) inflammatory arteritis (n = 9) post trauma aneurysms (n = 2). Indications for treatment: symptomatic carotid stenosis ≥ 70% (n = 577) or asymptomatic stenosis ≥ 80%. Patients were separated into two age groups: <80 years (749 patients, 806 CAS) and >80 years (121 patients, 124 CAS). 187 CAS performed without protection (N.P−) 6 patients >80 years, 743 with protection (NP+) (occlusion balloon: 334, filters: 404, reversal flow: 6) 118 patients >80 years. Data analysis included neurological complications, death and myocardial infarction (MI) rate at 30 days, anatomical particularities. Technical points will be described depending on the age of the patient. Results: Technical success 804/806 in patients <80 years, 123/124 in patients >80 years (NS). 30 days outcomes: in the patient group <80 years we observed 9 TIA (1.1%) 3 without NP (1.7%) 6 with NP (0.9%), 5 minor strokes (0.6%) 2 without NP (1.1%) 3 with NP (0.5%), 3 major strokes: 2 without NP (1.1%) 1 with NP (0.2%), 5 deaths (0.6%) 2 without NP (1.1%) 3 with NP (0.5%). Death/stroke/MI: 14 (1.8%) 6 without NP (3.3%), 8 with NP (1.3%). In the group >80 years, we observed 2 TIA (1.7%) 1 without NP 1 with NP (0.92%) 1 minor stroke without NP (17%) no major stroke, no death. Death/stroke/MI 1 without NP (17%). Conclusion: CAS can be performed in elderly patients without higher risk than in younger patients. But good indications, a meticulous technique, protection devices are mandatory and some technical points must be pointed out to avoid neurological complications and failures. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient and persistent renal dysfunction are predictors of survival after percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the Dartmouth Dynamic Registry
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Malenka David J. , DeVries James T. , Robb John F. , Jayne John E. , Friedman Bruce J. , Hettleman Bruce D. , Niles Nathaniel W. , Kaplan Aaron V. , Schoolwerth Anton C. , Thompson Craig A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives: We sought to determine if transient and persistent elevations in creatinine following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) resulted in poor survival. Background: Limited survival data exist that defines the natural survival history of transient and persistent renal dysfunction following interventional PCI cases. Methods: Data were collected prospectively on 7,856 consecutive patients undergoing PCI from January 1, 2000 to July 31, 2006. Ninety‐three patients were excluded due to pre‐PCI dialysis. Patients were stratified into three categories of renal dysfunction: no renal dysfunction from baseline (<0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine within 48 hr of the procedure), transient renal dysfunction (≥0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine within 48 hr with return to normal within 2 weeks), and persistent renal dysfunction (≥0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine without returning to normal within 2 weeks of the procedure). Mortality was determined by comparing with the Social Security Death Master File. Results: Median survival was 3.2 years (mean 3.4). Renal dysfunction occurred in 250 patients (0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine). Survival was significantly different between patients at 1, 3.2, and 7.5 years (P‐value < 0.001): no renal dysfunction (95%, 88%, 75%), with transient (61%, 42%, 0%), and with persistent (58%, 44%, 36%) renal dysfunction. Patients with transient or persistent renal dysfunction had a twofold–threefold increased risk of 7.5‐year mortality compared with patients with no renal dysfunction. Conclusions: Both transient and persistent postprocedural renal dysfunction are prognostically significant for mortality during extended follow‐up. Renal dysfunction should be closely monitored before and after PCI. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The PLS model space: the inconsistency persists
Authors: Manne Rolf , Pell Randy J. , Ramos L. Scott 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn response to the criticisms of Wold et al. 1, the PLS model‐space inconsistency previously described 2 is expressed in latent‐variable language. The inability of the conventional NIPALS PLS algorithm to recover its own decomposition from an already decomposed matrix is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Alkyl‐Chain Quaternary Ammonium Lactate Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Cybulski Jacek , Wiśniewska Anna , Kulig‐Adamiak Anna , Lewicka Lidia , Cieniecka‐Rosłonkiewicz Anna , Kita Kazimierz , Fojutowski Andrzej , Nawrot Jan , Materna Katarzyna , Pernak Juliusz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new group of quaternary ammonium lactate based ionic liquids have been prepared and characterized. Didecyldimethylammonium (DDA) and benzalkonium (BA) d,l‐ and L‐lactates are air‐stable, hydrophilic, surface‐active salts. They are very effective antibacterial and antifungal agents, especially the DDA lactates, against Streptococcus mutants and Candida albicans. Their activities are comparable or more effective than the original benzalkonium chloride. In addition, they have been shown to be good insect‐feeding deterrents. However, they are poor antifungal agents for wood preservation. The toxicity of the DDA and BA lactates has also been studied and the results are presented in this paper.