bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in isotope fractionation during nitrate assimilation by marine eukaryotic and prokaryotic algae under different pH and CO2 conditions
Authors: Chen Yawen , Yang Jin‐Yu Terence , Tang Jin‐Ming , Hong Haizheng , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Dai Minhan , Shi Dalin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impact of environmental factors on nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope effects during algal nitrate assimilation causes uncertainty in the field application of sedimentary N isotope records and nitrate isotopes to understand the marine nitrogen cycle. Ocean acidification is predicted to change nitrogen cycling including nitrate assimilation, but how N and O isotope effects during algal nitrate assimilation vary in response to changes in seawater pH and partial pressure CO2 (pCO2) remains unknown. We measured N and O isotope effects during nitrate assimilation and physiological states of the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii and Synechococcus under different pH (8.1 or 7.8) and pCO2 (400 or 800 μatm) conditions. Low pH and/or high pCO2 equally decreased N and O isotope effects during nitrate assimilation by diatoms possibly due to reducing cellular nitrate efflux/uptake ratio and decreased isotope effects for nitrate uptake, whereas they did not affect those by Synechococcus with low intracellular nitrate concentration and limited nitrate efflux. Our results provide compelling experimental evidence showing different changes in N and O isotope effects during nitrate assimilation by marine eukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton at low pH and/or high pCO2. These findings suggest new insight into environmental controls on variability in the isotope effect during algal nitrate assimilation, and have implications for improving a predictive understanding of N and O isotope tools in acidified oceans.
Rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and therapeutic advances
Authors: Gao Ying , Zhang Yunkai , Liu Xingguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the unresolved synovial inflammation for tissues‐destructive consequence, which remains one of significant causes of disability and labor loss, affecting about 0.2–1% global population. Although treatments with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are effective to control inflammation and decrease bone destruction, the overall remission rates of RA still stay at a low level. Therefore, uncovering the pathogenesis of RA and expediting clinical transformation are imminently in need. Here, we summarize the immunological basis, inflammatory pathways, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and metabolic disorders in RA, with highlights on the abnormality of immune cells atlas, epigenetics, and immunometabolism. Besides an overview of first‐line medications including conventional DMARDs, biologics, and small molecule agents, we discuss in depth promising targeted therapies under clinical or preclinical trials, especially epigenetic and metabolic regulators. Additionally, prospects on precision medicine based on synovial biopsy or RNA‐sequencing and cell therapies of mesenchymal stem cells or chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell are also looked forward. The advancements of pathogenesis and innovations of therapies in RA accelerates the progress of RA treatments.
Hypoxia‐activated ADCC‐enhanced humanized anti‐CD147 antibody for liver cancer imaging and targeted therapy with improved selectivity
Authors: Qi Fang‐Zheng , Su Hui‐Shan , Wang Bo , Qian Luo‐Meng , Wang Yang , Wang Chen‐Hui , Hou Ya‐Xin , Chen Ping , Zhang Qing , Li Dong‐Mei , Tang Hao , Jiang Jian‐Li , Bian Hui‐Jie , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Zhang Si‐He 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTherapeutic antibodies (Abs) improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients. However, on‐target off‐tumor toxicity limits Ab‐based therapeutics. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) is a tumor‐associated membrane antigen overexpressed in cancer cells. Ab‐based drugs targeting CD147 have achieved inadequate clinical benefits for liver cancer due to side effects. Here, by using glycoengineering and hypoxia‐activation strategies, we developed a conditional Ab‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)‐enhanced humanized anti‐CD147 Ab, HcHAb18‐azo‐PEG5000 (HAP18). Afucosylated ADCC‐enhanced HcHAb18 Ab was produced by a fed‐batch cell culture system. Azobenzene (Azo)‐linked PEG5000 conjugation endowed HAP18 Ab with features of hypoxia‐responsive delivery and selective targeting. HAP18 Ab potently inhibits the migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase secretion, triggers the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cancer cells, and induces ADCC, complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, and Ab‐dependent cellular phagocytosis under hypoxia. In xenograft mouse models, HAP18 Ab selectively targets hypoxic liver cancer tissues but not normal organs or tissues, and has potent tumor‐inhibiting effects. HAP18 Ab caused negligible side effects and exhibited superior pharmacokinetics compared to those of parent HcHAb18 Ab. The hypoxia‐activated ADCC‐enhanced humanized HAP18 Ab safely confers therapeutic efficacy against liver cancer with improved selectivity. This study highlights that hypoxia activation is a promising strategy for improving the tumor targeting potential of anti‐CD147 Ab drugs.
Optimizing Screening for Intrastriatal Interventions in Huntington's Disease Using Predictive Models
Authors: Barrett Matthew J. , Negida Ahmed , Mukhopadhyay Nitai , Kim Jin K. , Nawaz Huma , Jose Jefin , Testa Claudia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntrastriatal delivery of potential therapeutics in Huntington's disease (HD) requires sufficient caudate and putamen volumes. Currently, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging is rarely done in clinical practice, and these data are not available in large research cohorts such as Enroll‐HD.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether predictive models can accurately classify HD patients who exceed caudate and putamen volume thresholds required for intrastriatal therapeutic interventions.MethodsWe obtained and merged data for 1374 individuals across three HD cohorts: IMAGE‐HD, PREDICT‐HD, and TRACK‐HD/TRACK‐ON. We imputed missing data for clinical variables with >72% non‐missing values and used the model‐building algorithm BORUTA to identify the 10 most important variables. A random forest algorithm was applied to build a predictive model for putamen volume >2500 mm3 and caudate volume >2000 mm3 bilaterally. Using the same 10 predictors, we constructed a logistic regression model with predictors significant at P < 0.05.ResultsThe random forest model with 1000 trees and minimal terminal node size of 5 resulted in 83% area under the curve (AUC). The logistic regression model retaining age, CAG repeat size, and symbol digit modalities test‐correct had 85.1% AUC. A probability cutoff of 0.8 resulted in 5.4% false positive and 66.7% false negative rates.ConclusionsUsing easily obtainable clinical data and machine learning‐identified initial predictor variables, random forest, and logistic regression models can successfully identify people with sufficient striatal volumes for inclusion cutoffs. Adopting these models in prescreening could accelerate clinical trial enrollment in HD and other neurodegenerative disorders when volume cutoffs are necessary enrollment criteria. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectrum of CSF1R‐Related Disorder in China
Authors: Wu Jingying , Cheng Xin , Ji Duxin , Niu Huiwen , Yao Songquan , Lv Xukun , Wang Jianqiang , Li Ziyi , Zheng Haoran , Cao Yuwen , Zhan Feixia , Zhang Mengyuan , Tian Wotu , Huang Xiaojun , Luan Xinghua , Cao Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundColony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)‐related disorder (CRD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease. The clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients have not been elucidated.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to clarify the core features and influence factors of CRD patients in China.MethodsClinical and genetic‐related data of CRD patients in China were collected. Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Sundal MRI Severity Score were evaluated. Whole exome sequencing was used to analyze the CSF1R mutation status. Patients were compared between different sexes, mutation types, or mutation locations.ResultsA total of 103 patients were included, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1:1.51. The average age of onset was (40.75 ± 8.58). Cognitive impairment (85.1%, 86/101) and parkinsonism (76.2%, 77/101) were the main clinical symptoms. The most common imaging feature was bilateral asymmetric white matter changes (100.0%). A total of 66 CSF1R gene mutants (22 novel mutations) were found, and 15 of 92 probands carried c.2381 T > C/p.I794T (16.30%). The MMSE and MoCA scores (17.0 [9.0], 11.90 ± 7.16) of female patients were significantly lower than those of male patients (23.0 [10.0], 16.36 ± 7.89), and the white matter severity score (20.19 ± 8.47) of female patients was significantly higher than that of male patients (16.00 ± 7.62). There is no statistical difference in age of onset between male and female patients.ConclusionsThe core manifestations of Chinese CRD patients are progressive cognitive decline, parkinsonism, and bilateral asymmetric white matter changes. Compared to men, women have more severe cognitive impairment and imaging changes. c.2381 T > C/p.I794T is a hotspot mutation in Chinese patients. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
An efficient shear and bending‐locking‐free quadrilateral plate element using a modified Hellinger‐Reissner functional and the Bergan free formulation
Authors: Batoz Jean‐Louis , Katili Irwan , Widyatmoko Susilo , Antaluca Eduard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a general variational principle as theoretical support for creating a simple and efficient quadrilateral plate finite element called BKWA, having only a single displacement and two rotations at corner nodes according to the Reissner‐Mindlin plate theory. The functional is a modified Hellinger‐Reissner in terms of the kinematic variables and independent transverse shear strains. Hence, we consider quadratic rotations, as in DKQ, and linear independent shear strains with constant tangential components on sides, as in MITC4. The quadratic rotation contributions and the mixed shear strain components are wiped out by static condensation. To adequately satisfy the constant curvature patch tests, we also consider the orthogonality conditions between the linear and quadratic bending modes, as in the Bergan free formulation, to avoid ‘spurious bending energy’ for thick plates (also called bending locking). The paper contains comprehensive patch tests and convergence tests with regular and irregular meshes (displacements, internal forces, and strain energy) of circular and square plates. The element is compared with other existing elements (MITC4, DKMQ). It is concluded that BKWA is an efficient element regarding several criteria.
Drinking behavior patterns may be associated with persistent depressive symptoms after alcohol abstinence in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Kurihara Kazuhiro , Shinzato Hotaka , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Kondo Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis study examined the association between drinking behavior patterns and depressive symptoms after alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodWe recruited 102 AUD inpatients with baseline depressive symptoms, indicated by scores ≥6 on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self‐Report Japanese Version (QIDS‐SR‐J) pre‐detoxification. Post‐4‐week abstinence, remission was defined as QIDS‐SR‐J scores <6. Patients were classified into remitted (n = 51) and persistent (n = 51) groups. Comparative analyses were conducted using patient profiles and the Drinking Behavior Pattern 20‐item Questionnaire (DBP‐20). Logistic regression identified factors related to post‐abstinence persistent depression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined DBP‐20 cutoff scores differentiating between persistent and remitted depression.ResultsThe persistent group exhibited higher scores in the DBP‐20 “coping with negative affect” subscale. Logistic regression showed low education, unemployment, and using alcohol for coping as significant factors for persistent depression. Conversely, an automatic drinking pattern indicated natural remission post‐abstinence. A subscale score of ≥8 in alcohol use for coping, especially among unemployed patients, predicted persistent depression (sensitivity 86.8%, positive predictive value 73.3%).ConclusionUnemployed patients with AUD using alcohol to cope with negative affect may experience residual depression even after detoxification. In contrast, patients with AUD with predominantly automatic drinking behavior may exhibit natural remission post‐abstinence.
New‐onset primary Sjögren's syndrome following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Shu , Zhang Jing , Liu Mian , Chen Qun , Wang Shiying , Wang Dandan , Sun Lingyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the clinical implications of autoimmune manifestations associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is essential to reduce its consequences. This study was aimed at determining the activities of new‐onset primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) since the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included data from 471 participants with dry mouths and eyes who had been attending Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital since December 2019. By April 2023, patients diagnosed with pSS were sequentially assigned to vaccinated group (n = 24) or vaccinated and infected group based on exposure (n = 20). Patients diagnosed with pSS within 3 months of vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 were assigned to a vaccinated group, and those who had been vaccinated and then developed pSS within 3 months of follow up after direct exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 were assigned to a vaccinated and infected group. The controls comprised age‐ and sex‐matched patients who had not been exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 before December 2019 (n = 21). We then compared data among the three groups.ResultsThe vaccinated and infected patients had more fever, malaise, splenomegaly, and weight loss before diagnosis and a higher European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index at the time of onset than the other two groups. Vaccinated patients had a higher frequency of anti‐nuclear antibody (ANA) titers > 1:320 (n = 12; 50%) and anti‐phospholipid antibodies (aPL) (n = 7; 29%) than the controls. The frequency of anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies (13, 65%), ANA titers > 1:320 (n = 16; 80%), and aPLs (n = 7; 29%) (n = 5; 25%) were all significantly higher in vaccinated patients with infection than those in the controls. Higher doses of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin A, and tacrolimus were administered to the vaccinated and infected than the vaccinated and control groups (p < 0.05, for all).ConclusionsPatients with new‐onset pSS and a history of vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection might have more active disease. Further strengthening the assessment of people with a clear history of SARS‐CoV infection and the monitoring of potential populations for autoimmune screening should not be overlooked.
FeNi2S4–A Potent Bifunctional Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed Barakat Zakaria , Zander Judith , Weiss Morten , Simon Christopher , Gerschel Philipp , Sanden Sebastian A. , Smialkowski Mathias , Tetzlaff David , Kull Tobias , Marschall Roland , Apfel Ulf‐Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor a carbon‐neutral society, the production of hydrogen as a clean fuel through water electrolysis is currently of great interest. Since water electrolysis is a laborious energetic reaction, it requires high energy to maintain efficient and sustainable production of hydrogen. Catalytic electrodes can reduce the required energy and minimize production costs. In this context, herein, a bifunctional electrocatalyst made from iron nickel sulfide (FeNi2S4 [FNS]) for the overall electrochemical water splitting is introduced. Compared to Fe2NiO4 (FNO), FNS shows a significantly improved performance toward both OER and HER in alkaline electrolytes. At the same time, the FNS electrode exhibits high activity toward the overall electrochemical water splitting, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.63 V, which is favourable compared to previously published nonprecious electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. The long‐term chronopotentiometry test reveals an activation followed by a subsequent stable overall cell potential at around 2.12 V for 20 h at 100 mA cm−2.
Ostracods from the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary at El Matuasto Section, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: taxonomy, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical inferences
Authors: Ceolin Daiane , Santos Filho Marcos Antonio B. , Concheyro Andrea , Fauth Gerson 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work presents a taxonomic, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical study of the ostracod fauna around the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary from the El Matuasto section, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The analysis of 64 samples resulted in the recovery of 82 marine ostracod species, of which four are new: Hemiparacytheridea condilomata, Paramunseyella stictus, Hysterocythereis acuminata and Aleisocythereis? picnus. In addition, the genera Sapucariella, Monoceratina, Aracajuia, Microceratina and Pelecocythere are reported for the first time from the Neuquén Basin. Palaeoecological inferences indicate fluctuations in abundance and diversity, occurring alongside environmental change from an inner to medium shelf during the Maastrichtian and to an outer shelf in the Danian. The Maastrichtian fauna was less abundant than that in the Danian, which shows a rapid recovery after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. During the Danian, a small interval also shows a sudden decrease in abundance and diversity that could potentially be related to the Dan‐C2 event. In addition, the described genera and species in this study suggest a strong palaeobiogeographical affinity with the Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil.
Cloning and functional analysis of Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 from Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Zhou Xian , Cao Jie , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Wang Li‐Na , Zhang Wei‐wei , Ye Jia‐Bao , Xu Feng , Cheng Shuiyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract4‐Coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL) gene plays vital roles in plant growth and development, especially the regulation of lignin metabolism and flavonoid synthesis. To investigate the potential function of 4CL in the lignin biosynthesis of Ginkgo biloba, this study identified two 4CL genes, Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2, from G. biloba genome. Based on the phylogenetic tree analysis, Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 protein were classified into Class I, which has been confirmed to be involved in lignin biosynthesis. Therefore, it can be inferred that these two genes may also participate in lignin metabolism. The tissue‐specific expression patterns of these two genes revealed that Gb4CL1 was highly expressed in microstrobilus, whereas Gb4CL2 was abundant in immature leaves. The onion transient expression assay indicated that Gb4CL1 was predominantly localized in the nucleus, indicating its potential involvement in nuclear functions, while Gb4CL2 was observed in the cell wall, suggesting its role in cell wall‐related processes. Phytohormone response analysis revealed that the expression of both genes was upregulated in response to indole acetic acid, while methyl jasmonate suppressed it, gibberellin exhibited opposite effects on these genes. Furthermore, Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 expressed in all tissues containing lignin that showed a positive correlation with lignin content. Thus, these findings suggest that Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 are likely involved in lignin biosynthesis. Gb4CL1 and Gb4CL2 target proteins were successfully induced in Escherichia coli BL21 with molecular weights of 85.5 and 89.2 kDa, proving the integrity of target proteins. Our findings provided a basis for revealing that Gb4CL participated in lignin synthesis in G. biloba.
Digital Archaeology Between Hype and Reality: The Results of a Survey on the Use of 3D Technologies in Archaeology
Authors: Hostettler Marco , Buhlke Anja , Drummer Clara , Emmenegger Lea , Reich Johannes , Stäheli Corinne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBetween January and March 2020, the EAA Community for 3D-Technologies in Archaeology conducted an international online survey on the current use of image-based 3D technologies. The aim was to gain broader insight into the application of image-based 3D technologies in archaeological practice and cultural-heritage management. The survey made it possible to determine the most important aims of the use of 3D technologies, as well as providing an overview both of the software and data formats used and of current archiving practices for raw and/or generated data. In this way, the main challenges for the further development of the techniques and the ongoing implementation of 3D technologies in practice can be identified.
Archiving the Third Dimension: Production, Maintenance and Use of 3D Models in Cultural Heritage Management
Authors: Kruse Kristin , Schönenberger Esther 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2017, the Archaeology Department of the Canton Zurich defined photogrammetry in Agisoft Metashape as a new standard. The years have shown the advantages of the method, especially when documenting complex 3D structures, like skeletons or ruins, on site. While generating 3D models was a well-trodden path, the storage of 3D models needed some exploration. The first challenge was to incorporate 3D data into a pre-existing archive system. The second challenge was to secure both easy access for everyone and long-term storage at the same time. We propose a solution where access and storage are treated as two separate issues. This allows the content to be viewed without technological restrictions (e.g. as 3D PDF or VR application). While independently the same models are stored in a normalised geometry file (e.g. OBJ file) for long term use. Since long-term standards for 3D data have yet to be established, we have decided to provide a temporary backup system by keeping the raw data (photos) together with the processing report for replication purposes. Our solution comes with a lot of redundancy. However, this is still a trial and error approach, one that we would like to work on with fellow 3D enthusiasts.
Concluding Remarks – Coordinates for the Future of Digitalised Archaeology
Authors: Hostettler Marco , Buhlke Anja , Drummer Clara , Emmenegger Lea , Reich Johannes , Stäheli Corinne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe diverse contributions in this book show that the main challenges for the field are a lack of standardisation, interoperability and open-source solutions, as well as of long-term archiving solutions. The contributions also show that efforts are being made to sustainably integrate 3D technologies into the field of archaeology. Within the broader context of digital archaeology, it is argued that, in addition to technical issues, attention must be paid to ethical considerations about the nature of technology, cultural heritage and accessibility. Finally, the entanglements of technology with violent contexts must also be critically assessed.