bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem/Progenitor Cell-Specific Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein Expression Driven by the Endogenous Mcm2 Promoter
Authors: Maslov Alexander Y. , Bailey Kimberly J. , Mielnicki Lawrence M. , Freeland Amy L. , Sun Xiaolei , Burhans William C. , Pruitt Steven C. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated expression of the minichromosome maintenance protein Mcm2 in cells that remain competent to divide, including stem/progenitor cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) within the brain. Here, a transgenic mouse line in which the Mcm2 gene drives expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was constructed by insertion of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-EGFP cassette into the last exon of the gene, 3′ to the stop codon. In these mice, expression of EGFP is observed in the SVZ and several other tissues with high proliferative activity, including the spleen, intestine, hair follicles, and bone marrow. These observations suggest that EGFP fluorescence in this mouse line provides an index of the proliferative capacity of different tissues. Immunohistological analysis demonstrates a direct concordance between expression of EGFP and Mcm2, consistent with a transcriptional level downregulation of Mcm2 expression in postmitotic cells. To test the utility of EGFP expression for recovery of live cells retaining the capacity to divide, EGFP-expressing and -nonexpressing cells from bone marrow and brain were isolated from an adult Mcm2IRES-EGFP mouse by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and assayed for clonal growth. The EGFP-positive fraction contained the entire clonogenic population of the bone marrow and greater than 90% of neurosphere-forming cells from the brain. Brain-derived clonogenic cells were shown to remain competent to differentiate towards all three neural lineages. These studies demonstrate that the Mcm2IRES-EGFP transgenic line constructed here can be used for recovery of proliferation competent cells from different tissue types.
Survivin Identifies Keratinocyte Stem Cells and Is Downregulated by Anti-β1 Integrin During Anoikis
Authors: Marconi Alessandra , Dallaglio Katiuscia , Lotti Roberta , Vaschieri Cristina , Truzzi Francesca , Fantini Fabrizio , Pincelli Carlo 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Survivin belongs to the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and is involved in regulation of cell death as well as cell division. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) survivin is expressed in a subpopulation of basal keratinocytes in normal human skin at the cytoplasmic level. WT survivin is highly expressed in keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs), whereas its mRNA level decreases in transit amplifying (TA) cells and disappears in postmitotic (PM) cells. Likewise, WT survivin protein is expressed in KSCs, almost undetectable in TA cells, and absent in PM cells. Real time polymerase chain reaction demonstrates that the putative antiapoptotic isoforms survivin-2B and survivin-ΔEx3 are expressed at the highest levels in KSCs, whereas they tend to decrease in TA cells and disappear in PM cells. On the contrary, the putative proapoptotic variants of survivin, survivin-3B, and survivin-2α tend to be high in PM and TA cells and are almost absent in KSCs. By confocal microscopy, survivin is predominantly expressed at the nuclear level in KSCs, which proliferate significantly better than TA cells, which, in turn, express mostly cytosolic WT survivin. Blocking β1 integrin signal downregulates WT survivin mRNA and protein expression and induces apoptosis (anoikis) in KSCs. On the other hand, inhibition of β1 integrin upregulates mRNA expression of survivin-2α. Taken together, these results indicate that survivin identifies human KSCs. Expression of nuclear survivin could reflect the different behavior between KSCs in vitro and in vivo, in terms of proliferation. Finally, survivin could be part of the “niche” protection by preventing anoikis in KSCs.
Differentiation Potential of Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells Is Improved by Nuclear Transfer
Authors: Hikichi Takafusa , Wakayama Sayaka , Mizutani Eiji , Takashima Yasuhiro , Kishigami Satoshi , Van Thuan Nguyen , Ohta Hiroshi , Thuy Bui Hong , Nishikawa Shin-Ichi , Wakayama Teruhiko 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Parthenogenesis is the process by which an oocyte develops into an embryo without being fertilized by a spermatozoon. Although such embryos lack the potential to develop to full term, they can be used to establish parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells for autologous cell therapy in females without needing to destroy normally competent embryos. Unfortunately, the capacity for further differentiation of these pES cells in vivo is very poor. In this study, we succeeded in improving the potential of pES cells using a nuclear transfer (NT) technique. The original pES cell nuclei were transferred into enucleated oocytes, and the resulting NT embryos were used to establish new NT-pES cell lines. We established 84 such lines successfully (78% from blastocysts, 12% from oocytes). All examined cell lines were positive for several ES cell markers and had a normal extent of karyotypes, except for one original pES cell line and its NT-pES cell derivatives, in which all nuclei were triploid. The DNA methylation status of the differentially methylated domain H19 and differentially methylated region IG did not change after NT. However, the in vivo and in vitro differentiation potentials of NT-pES cells were significantly (two to five times) better than the original pES cells, judged by the production of chimeric mice and by in vitro differentiation into neuronal and mesodermal cell lines. Thus, NT could be used to improve the potential of pES cells and may enhance that of otherwise poor-quality ES cells. It also offers a new tool for studying epigenetics.
Bone marrow aplasia—a rare complication of imatinib therapy in CML patients
Authors: Srinivas Upendra , Pillai Lakshmi S. , Kumar Rajat , Pati H.P. , Saxena Renu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractImatinib mesylate therapy in CML patients is a generally well tolerated without any significant hematological adverse drug effects. However, complications like anemia and cytopenias have been described in literature. A very few case reports of bone marrow aplasia following imatinib therapy have been reported so far. We here report five patients of CML who developed bone marrow aplasia following imatinib therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of preoperative exercise on measures of functional status in men and women undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Rooks Daniel S. , Huang Jie , Bierbaum Benjamin E. , Bolus Sarah A. , Rubano James , Connolly Christine E. , Alpert Sandra , Iversen Maura D. , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a short preoperative exercise intervention on the functional status, pain, and muscle strength of patients before and after total joint arthroplasty.MethodsA total of 108 men and women scheduled for total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were randomized to a 6‐week exercise or education (control) intervention immediately prior to surgery. We assessed outcomes through questionnaires and performance measures. Analyses examined differences between groups over the preoperative and immediate postoperative periods and at 8 and 26 weeks postsurgery.ResultsAmong THA patients, the exercise intervention was associated with improvements in preoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function score (improvement of 2.2 in exercisers versus decline of 3.9 in controls; P = 0.02) and Short Form 36 physical function score (decline of 0.4 in exercisers versus decline of 14.3 in controls; P = 0.003). No significant differences were seen in TKA patients. Exercise participation increased muscle strength preoperatively (18% in THA patients and 20% in TKA patients), whereas the control patients had essentially no change in strength (P > 0.05 for exercise versus education in both THA and TKA groups). Exercise participation prior to total joint arthroplasty substantially reduced the risk of discharge to a rehabilitation facility in THA and TKA patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.074–0.998). The intervention had no effects on outcomes 8 and 26 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionA 6‐week presurgical exercise program can safely improve preoperative functional status and muscle strength levels in persons undergoing THA. Additionally, exercise participation prior to total joint arthroplasty dramatically reduces the odds of inpatient rehabilitation.
Comment on the use of self‐reporting instruments to assess patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The longitudinal association between the DAS28 and the VAS general health
Authors: Kievit W. , Welsing P. M. J. , Adang E. M. M. , Eijsbouts A. M. , Krabbe P. F. M. , van Riel P. L. C. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveRecently, the use of patient self‐reporting instruments instead of clinical, objective measurements to assess rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was proposed. This assumes a constant association between disease activity and the self‐reporting instruments. The objective was to explore the association (in time) between disease activity and patient perception of general health, disease activity, pain, and functional disability in patients with RA.MethodsData of 624 newly diagnosed RA patients who completed 3 years of followup were analyzed. Cross‐sectional linear regression models and longitudinal regression models were estimated, with a visual analog scale (VAS) measuring general health (VAS‐GH; 0 = best, 100 = worst) as a dependent variable and the Disease Activity Score (DAS28) without the VAS‐GH as an independent variable. Other dependent variables were VAS disease activity, pain, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire.ResultsThe DAS28 and VAS‐GH were significantly associated in RA patients (P < 0.001). However, the explained variance was low (6.7%). From diagnosis to 3 years after the diagnosis, the intercept decreased given the same regression coefficient. The longitudinal regression model showed that the VAS‐GH improved during disease course independent of a change in DAS28. Analyses on the other outcome parameters showed similar results.ConclusionPatients' perception of health can be different with equal disease activity, depending on the moment in the disease course. Furthermore, our results indicate that self‐reported measures on functionality, disease activity, and general health cannot substitute for objective measures of disease activity in RA in longitudinal studies; subsequently, both need to be measured.
Myositis‐specific and myositis‐associated antibodies in a series of eighty‐eight mediterranean patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Selva‐O'Callaghan Albert , Labrador‐Horrillo Moisés , Solans‐Laque Roser , Simeon‐Aznar Carmen Pilar , Martínez‐Gómez Xavier , Vilardell‐Tarrés Miquel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis‐associated autoantibodies (MAAs) and their clinical and immunogenetic correlations in Mediterranean patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.MethodsSera from 88 patients were studied for MSAs and MAAs by RNA and protein immunoprecipitation. HLA typing was performed by sequence‐specific primer– and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide–polymerase chain reaction and serology. Statistical analyses were performed with Student's t‐test and Fisher's exact test. Cumulative survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (30%) had MSAs, most commonly antisynthetase antibodies (23.9%). Six patients (7.5%) had anti–Mi‐2 antibodies. No anti–signal recognition particles were found. Arthritis, mechanic's hands, interstitial lung disease, and sicca syndrome were more prevalent in patients with antisynthetase antibodies. Dysphagia and the need for more treatment courses were more frequent in patients who were anti–Mi‐2 positive. Forty‐three patients (48%) had MAAs, 20 (22%) with anti–Ro 60 and 18 (20.4%) with anti–Ro 52. Ten patients (11.4%) were positive for anti–PM‐Scl, 6 (6.8%) for anti‐RNP, and 1 for anti‐Ku antibodies. Patients with PM‐Scl, RNP, or Ro antibodies were more often classified as having overlap syndrome. Immunogenetic studies found a significant association between HLA–DR3 and the presence of antisynthetase antibodies (P = 0.049), anti–PM‐Scl antibodies (P = 0.017), and interstitial lung disease (P = 0.03). No statistically significant differences in mortality, survival, or clinical course were observed between patients positive for MSAs or MAAs and the remaining patients.ConclusionThese results are consistent with those from other published series, although some differences warrant consideration. Autoantibody studies may be useful for defining more homogeneous groups of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
Beurteilung der Standsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit von dauerhaft rückverankerten Bauwerken
Authors: Hanel Jens , Prehn Wolfgang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDaueranker können naturgemäß nicht von außen begutachtet werden und sind trotzdem für die normgemäße Lebensdauer von bis zu 100 Jahren ausgelegt. In diesem Aufsatz wird von der Erfassung, Analyse und Bewertung von rückverankerten Bauwerken im Verantwortungsbereich des Landesbetriebs Straßenbau Nordrhein‐Westfalen (LS NRW) berichtet. Von 45 potentiell gefährdeten Bauwerken kann für 14 Bauwerke eine unmittelbare Gefährdung nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die Analyse und Bewertung beruht dabei auf der Fragestellung, ob plötzliches Versagen möglich ist, obwohl alle äußeren Hinweise gegen eine Gefährdung der lokalen oder globalen Standsicherheit sprechen. Insbesondere Bauwerke, die in der zulassungslosen Zeit, also vor Inkrafttreten der DIN 4125‐11972 und 4125‐21976, hergestellt worden sind, können nicht per se als dauerhaft standsicher eingestuft werden. Ein Verfahren wird vorgestellt, wie aus einer vergleichsweise einfachen Betrachtung eine Gefährdung grundsätzlich ausgeschlossen werden kann.
Tragende Glasstützen für eine Café‐Bar in Göppingen
Authors: Pocanschi Adrian , Phocas Marios C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIm vorliegenden Aufsatz werden Entwurf und Berechnungsansatz von zwei Glasstützen eines dreiseitig verglasten Bauwerks der Innenstadt von Göppingen aufgezeigt. Die Glasstützen sind zum ersten Mal in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als tragende Bauteile realisiert worden. Sie bestehen aus jeweils einem Schwert und aus zwei Flügeln, die kreuzförmig daran angeschlossen sind. Beide Elemente bestehen aus Verbundsicherheitsglas, aus jeweils drei teilvorgespannten Scheiben. Nach einer kurzen baukonstruktiven Beschreibung werden die statischen Nachweise, der Tragfähigkeit der Stützen, der Resttragfähigkeit der Stützen und des Gesamttragwerks bei möglichen Schadensszenarien der Tragelemente, erläutert. Durch dieses Projekt wird die Anwendung von Glas für primäre Tragglieder vom Gebäude belegt.
Effects of naringin on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paclitaxel in rats
Authors: Lim Sung‐Cil , Choi Jun‐Shik 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIt was reported that paclitaxel is an inhibitor of hepatic P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1/2, and that naringin is an inhibitor of biliary P‐gp and CYP3A1/2 in rats. The purpose of this study was to report the effects of oral naringin on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paclitaxel in rats. Oral naringin (3.3 and 10 mg/kg) was pretreated 30 min before intravenous (3 mg/kg) administration of paclitaxel. After intravenous administration of paclitaxel, the AUC was significantly greater (40.8% and 49.1% for naringin doses of 3.3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively), and Cl was significantly slower (29.0% and 33.0% decrease, respectively) than controls. The significantly greater AUC could be due mainly to an inhibition of metabolism of paclitaxel via CYP3A1/2 by oral naringin. The inhibition of hepatic P‐gp by oral naringin could also contribute to the significantly greater AUC of intravenous paclitaxel by oral naringin. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
More than, less than, or minimum, maximum: how upper and lower bounds determine subjective interval estimates
Authors: Teigen Karl Halvor , Halberg Anne‐Marie , Fostervold Knut Inge 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUncertain quantities can be described by single‐point estimates of lower interval bounds (X1), upper interval bounds (X2), two‐bound estimates (separate estimates of X1 and X2), and by ranges (X1−X2). A price estimation task showed that single‐bound estimates phrased as “T costs more than X1” and “T costs less than X2,” yielded much larger intervals than “minimum X1” and “maximum X2.” This difference can be attributed to exclusive interpretations of X1 and X2 in the first case (X1 and X2 are unlikely values), and inclusive interpretations in the second (X1 and X2 are likely values). This pattern of results was replicated in other domains where participants estimated single targets. When they estimated a distribution of targets, the pattern was reversed. “Minimum” and “maximum” values of variable quantities (e.g., flight prices) were found to delimit larger intervals than “more than” and “less than” estimates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of bacterial biphenyl‐chlorobiphenyl dioxygenase genes in tobacco plants
Authors: Mohammadi Mahmood , Chalavi Vida , Novakova‐Sura Martina , Laliberté Jean‐François , Sylvestre Michel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOptimized plant–microbe bioremediation processes in which the plant initiates the metabolism of xenobiotics and releases the metabolites in the rhizosphere to be further degraded by the rhizobacteria is a promising alternative to restore contaminated sites in situ. However, such processes require that plants produce the metabolites that bacteria can readily oxidize. The biphenyl dioxygenase is the first enzyme of the bacterial catabolic pathway involved in the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. This enzyme consists of three components: the two sub‐unit oxygenase (BphAE) containing a Rieske‐type iron–sulfur cluster and a mononuclear iron center, the Rieske‐type ferredoxin (BphF), and the FAD‐containing ferredoxin reductase (BphG). In this work, based on analyses with Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently expressing the biphenyl dioxygenase genes from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants transformed with each of these four genes, we have shown that each of the three biphenyl dioxygenase components can be produced individually as active protein in tobacco plants. Therefore, when BphAE, BphF, and BphG purified from plant were used to catalyze the oxygenation of 4‐chlorobiphenyl, detectable amounts of 2,3‐dihydro‐2, 3‐dihydroxy‐4′‐chlorobiphenyl were produced. This suggests that creating transgenic plants expressing simultaneously all four genes required to produce active biphenyl dioxygenase is feasible. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 496–505. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Si‐tag for immobilizing proteins on a silica surface
Authors: Taniguchi Koji , Nomura Kazutaka , Hata Yumehiro , Nishimura Tomoki , Asami Yasuo , Kuroda Akio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTargeting functional proteins to specific sites on a silicon device is essential for the development of new biosensors and supramolecular assemblies. Using intracellular lysates of several bacterial strains, we found that ribosomal protein L2 binds tightly to silicon particles, which have surfaces that are oxidized to silica. A fusion of E. coli L2 and green fluorescence protein adsorbed to the silica particles with a Kd of 0.7 nM at pH 7.5 and also adsorbed to glass slides. This fusion protein was retained on the glass slide even after washing for 24 h with a buffer containing 1 M NaCl. We mapped the silica‐binding domains of E. coli L2 to amino acids 1–60 and 203–273. These two regions seemed to cooperatively mediate the strong silica‐binding characteristics of L2. A fusion of L2 and firefly luciferase also adsorbed on the glass slide. This L2 silica‐binding tag, which we call the “Si‐tag,” can be used for one‐step targeting of functional proteins on silica surfaces. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:1023–1029. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Chain Transfer between Organoyttrium Cations and Aluminum: Synthesis of Aluminum‐Terminated Polyethylene with Extremely Narrow Molecular‐Weight Distribution
Authors: Kretschmer Winfried P. , Meetsma Auke , Hessen Bart , Schmalz Thomas , Qayyum Sadaf , Kempe Rhett 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAminopyridinato‐ligand‐stabilized organoyttrium cations are accessible in very good yield through alkane elimination from trialkyl yttrium complexes with sterically demanding aminopyridines, followed by abstraction of one of the two alkyl functions using ammonium borates. At 80 °C and in the presence of small amounts of aluminum alkyl compounds, very high ethylene polymerization activities are observed if very bulky aminopyridinato ligands are used. During these polymerizations a reversible polyethylene chain transfer is observed between the organoyttrium cations and aluminum alkyls. The chain‐transfer catalyst system described here is able to produce relatively long‐chain (up to 4000 g mol−1) Al‐terminated polyethylene with a molecular‐weight distribution <1.1. In the synthesis of higher molecular PE a slight increase in polydispersity with increasing chain length (15 600 g mol−1, ∼1.4) is observed owing to reduced reversibility caused by higher viscosity and precipitation of polymer chains (temperature of 80–100 °C).
Solid‐State Self‐Assembly of Polymeric Double Helicates Leading to Linear Arrays of Silver(I) Ions and Reversible Strand/Double Helix Interconversion in Solution
Authors: Stadler Adrian‐Mihail , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Vaughan Gavin , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReaction of a bent py‐hyz‐pym‐hyz‐pym 1 and of a linear py‐hyz‐py‐hyz‐pym 3 (py=pyridine; pym=pyrimidine; hyz=hydrazone) ligand strands with silver(I) tetrafluoroborate in CH3NO2 generates double‐helical dinuclear 2 and trinuclear 4 complexes. These complexes form polymeric, highly ordered solid‐state structures, with wirelike, linear continuous or discontinuous polycationic Agn+ arrays with AgAg distances of 2.78 to 4.42 Å. Ligand 5, an isomer of 1, is found to yield a [2×2] grid‐type complex 6. Titration experiments reveal the formation of linear rack‐type dinuclear species from 1 and 5. Acid–base modulated, reversible interconversion between strand 1 and double helicate 2 may be achieved by using tren as a competing complexing agent (tren=N(CH2CH2NH2)3). Progressive addition of silver(I) ions to a 1:1 mixture of 1 and 5 leads to the preferential formation of the double helicate 2 over the grid complex 6, illustrating a process of self‐organisation with selection of the correct ligand.
Nucleophilicities and Carbon Basicities of Pyridines
Authors: Brotzel Frank , Kempf Bernhard , Singer Thomas , Zipse Hendrik , Mayr Herbert 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRate and equilibrium constants for the reactions of pyridines with donor‐substituted benzhydrylium ions have been determined spectrophotometrically. The correlation equation log k(20 °C)=s(N+E), in which s and N are nucleophile‐specific parameters and E is an electrophile‐specific parameter, has been used to determine the nucleophilicity parameters of various pyridines in CH2Cl2 and aqueous solution and to compare them with N of other nucleophiles. It is found that the nucleophilic organocatalyst 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) and tertiary phosphanes have comparable nucleophilicities and carbon basicities despite widely differing Brønsted basicities. For that reason, these reactivity parameters are suggested as guidelines for the development of novel organocatalysts. The Marcus equation is employed for the determination of the intrinsic barriers of these reactions.