bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caltech launches Terrascope
Authors: Wainger Lisa A. 
Published: October 2006

Geophysicists at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, will get real‐time data about Earth motions with a new advanced seismic network they are installing. The Caltech terrestrial telescope, or “Terrascope,” will ultimately consist of an array of at least 10 broad‐band, high‐dynamic‐range, digital seismometers placed around southern California, linked by satellite telemetry, and serviced by high‐speed computers. In addition to the advanced data‐recording features, each Terrascope station will have receivers for the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and will be a permanent part of that geodetic network.Terrascope's seismometers will have a dynamic range about 10,000 times broader than ordinary seismometers, so they will be able to record large and small earthquakes on the same scale. With additional data, geophysicists will be able to determine more about such earthquake characteristics as fault area, energy spectrum, and duration of ground breakage.
What is the fate of acid rain?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Researchers with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association Administration are hoping that data from a July study off the mid‐Atlantic coast of the U.S. will show how far airborne chemicals that contribute to acid rain are reaching offshore. NOAA obtained comparative air and sea‐surface measurements of sulfur, nitrogen, and other trace gases and particles.A research aircraft flew from Newport News, Va., and then from Bermuda to collect measurements. On each of the plane's flights it rendezvoused with the NOAA research ship Mt. Mitchell, which was collecting samples between Norfolk and Bermuda. The instruments operated “the way they were supposed to,” according to Joe Boatman of NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory in Boulder, Colo.
The NSF and the geosciences community: Rotating program officers
Authors: Batiza Rodey , Rea David K. , Rumble Douglas 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a federal agency charged with the care and feeding of basic scientific research in U.S. colleges and universities. NSF is a major contributor toward the support of research in Earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences, disciplines of great importance to AGU members.NSF makes a regular practice of employing scientists from universities, nonprofit research organizations, industry, and state or local governments as temporary program officers (“rotators”) with terms of service from 1 to 2 years. There are several reasons for the use of rotators:

It brings to NSF people who have firsthand, recent knowledge of "what it is really like" beyond the Washington, D.C. beltway. Knowledge of new ideas, recent graduates, and a fresh look at the system are worth considerably more than the problems that arise owing to inexperienced program officers.
It sheds some sunshine on internal NSF procedures when the rotator returns with his tales to his home institution.
It provides NSF management with considerable flexibility in coping with changing staff requirements.
Conference OKs science budgets
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

With the budget process all but complete for next fiscal year, the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration observers were saying that science had not done that badly in Congress, for an election year. NSF got half the budget increase it requested, NASA two‐thirds. The Space Station did well, at the expense of environmental and social programs, which are funded by Congress from the same pot of money as NASA and NSF.A House‐Senate conference finished work on a $59 billion appropriations bill for the Department of Housing and Urban Development and independent agencies, including EPA, NASA, and NSF, in early August. The House and Senate then quickly passed the measure before their recess; the President is expected to sign it soon. Included in the Fiscal Year 1989 spending bill are $1,885 billion for NSF, a 9.8% increase over FY 1988, and $10.7 billion for NASA, 18.5% more than the year before.
St. Louis Science Center to expand
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The St. Louis Science Center will expand to nearly 5 times its present size by 1991. The new complex will house the Science Center's four major program areas: ecology and the environment, people, technology, and the space sciences.Dennis M. Wint, the Center's president, revealed in July a plan for building the new facility and renovating the existing Science Center building in Forest Park. Attendance at the Center has tripled in the past 4 years. “Drawing people to science and promoting an interest in high‐tech jobs which will shape the future are the keys to keeping America strong and, in turn , keeping St. Louis strong. When this project is complete, St. Louis will have the resources to be a leader in quality science education, and we will have a striking new architectural landmark,” Wint said.
Distinguished Rank Award to Cohen
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Philip Cohen, chief hydrologist for the U.S. Geological Survey, was presented the Presidential Distinguished Rank Award by President Reagan on August 2, 1988. A member of the Hydrology Section of AGU, Cohen maintains his office at the USGS National Center in Reston, Va.Cohen has been with the USGS for 32 years and has been chief hydrologist for the past 9 years. He was cited for his efforts in managing the USGS Water Resources Division (WRD) which employs nearly 5000 people in offices in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands, with an operating budget of nearly $260 million per year. Cohen also was honored for directing WRD in providing technical support to other federal, state, and local government agencies in water and other Earth science matters; and for the division's recently implemented National Water Quality Assessment pilot studies. In addition, Cohen was cited for WRD's regionalized evaluation of streamflow and basin characteristics under flood conditions; a major cooperative effort with the U.S. Air Force on the impact of toxic wastes; and further development of national agricultural drainage investigations. Also recognized was Cohen's leadership in establishing a national distributed information system, which provides the USGS with the most extensive computer network in the Earth science community and enhances USGS responsiveness to public needs for Earth science data and information.
A downhole magnetic logging tool for the Ocean Drilling Program
Authors: Pariso Janet , Johnson H. Paul 
Published: October 2006

In October 1986 the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) program of the National Science Foundation funded the University of Washington (UW), Seattle, to construct, test, and initially deploy a downhole magnetometer as part of the logging program for the drilling ship JOIDES Resolution. The success of the initial deployment of the magnetometer in a 500‐m gabbroic crustal section during Leg 118 in December 1987 (Leg 118 Scientific Party, 1988), and the general availability of this tool as part of the ODP suite of logging tools, prompted this brief announcement.The UW/ODP magnetic logging tool was designed by IFG Corporation of Toronto, Canada, and underwent several design modifications specifically for ODP use by both URTEC Instrument Sales Limited, of Toronto, and the Borehole Research Group (BRG) at Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO), Palisades, N.Y. The tool consists of three orthogonally oriented ring core fluxgate magnetometers, a susceptibility sensor, and two thermocouples which monitor the internal temperature of the probe. The fluxgate magnetometers each have a range of +/−100,000 n T and a sensitivity of 0.1 nT. The fluxgates have been calibrated in magnetic fields ranging from 3000 to 100,000 n T and at a range of temperatures between 25° and 90°C. The susceptibility coil has a sensitivity of approximately 10∼5 SI units when run in a borehole 10″ (25 cm) in diameter. In addition to magnetic susceptibility, the coil measures electrical resistivity, but with this particular type of sensor, the measurement is only useful in formations with very high electrical conductivities. The entire magnetometer syst em is currently capable of being run at operating temperatures up to 125°C without damage. Although the fluxgate magnetometer output remains linear within this range, the susceptibility probe becomes nonlinear and exhibits some thermal hysteresis at elevated temperatures. T h e susceptibility probe will require more detailed calibration in order to utilize measurements made at these higher (>60°C) temperatures. Although the magnetometer probe does not currently have an independent system for azimuthal orientation in highly magnetic media (e.g., accelerometers or a gyroscope), this is a desirable feature which is hoped to eventually be included in the magnetic logging package.
Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetism Symposium Liblice, Czechoslovakia
Authors: McElhinny M. W. 
Published: October 2006

The International Symposium “New Trends in Geomagnetism—Modern Methods and Databases in Rock Magnetism and Paleomagnetism” was held at the Castle of Liblice, near Prague, Czechoslovakia from June 27 to July 2, 1988. The symposium provided a highly successful forum for a meeting of scientists from east and west and enabled some excellent discussions to take place between workers facing the introduction of new techniques and technologies from different backgrounds.The Castle of Liblice is owned by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and is operated as a Convention Center for small symposia of about 50 people. All facilities, including accommodation and meals, are provided at the Castle. The unexpected large attendance of 68 at this symposium stretched the facilities, but the organizers coped and should be commended on an outstanding symposium and venue. It is recommended that these intimate symposia should be held more frequently, and this venue is unique for this purpose.
Weather radar to prevent air crashes
Authors: Bush Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

An operational demonstration of Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) at Stapleton International Airport, Denver, finishes August 31. For 2 months, TDWR has been used to detect wind shear and other hazardous weather around air terminals and to provide warnings to air traffic controllers and pilots in time to avert accidents.The biggest hazard for aircraft approaching or departing terminals is the microburst, a form of wind shear. Microbursts are produced by a small‐scale, powerful downdraft of cold, heavy air occurring beneath a thunderstorm, rain shower, or cumulus cloud. As the downdraft reaches Earth's surface, it spreads out horizontally (see Figure 1). An aircraft flying through a microburst at low‐altitude encounters a strong headwind, then a downdraft, and finally a tailwind that causes a sharp reduction in speed and loss of lift. This deadly sequence of events has caused at least 30 accidents and 500 deaths in the United States since the mid‐1960s.
Alaska organizes new marine school
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The University of Alaska has reorganized its ocean sciences institutions and created a new School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences at Fairbanks. The new school combines the Alaska Sea Grant College Program with several of the university's marine, oceanographic, and fishery institutions that had been administered separately.The new school will have an annual budget of $13 million and about 50 faculty members. It will offer undergraduate and M.S. degrees in fisheries and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in oceanography. A Ph.D. in fisheries is planned. The R/V Alpha Helix, the research ship of the Institute of Marine Sciences, will be operated by the new school.
New editors for JGR‐Atmospheres
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU has selected new editors for the Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres. The new editors are James Dye (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.), physical meteorology, and Kenneth Gage (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colo.), dynamic meteorology. Shaw Liu (NOAA, Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colo.), the editor for atmospheric chemistry, will continue as editor in chief.Authors are invited to send papers to any of the three editors. In practice, Dye will edit papers in atmospheric electricity, cloud physics, and meteorological instrumentation. Gage will be editor for papers in atmospheric dynamics, radiation and climate, and remote sensing. Liu will edit papers on atmospheric chemistry. Interdisciplinary papers that fall within more than one of the above areas can be sent to any appropriate editor.
Hawaii organizes new school
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The University of Hawaii, Honolulu, has brought together several existing Earth science programs to create a new School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. SOEST will incorporate the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, the departments of Geology, Geophysics, Meteorology, Oceanography, and Ocean Engineering, the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory, the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, and the Sea Grant College Program. Charles Helsley is acting dean of the new school.In announcing the establishment of the new school, the University of Hawaii's president, Albert J. Simone, said that with the Exclusive Economic Zone, Hawaii is the second largest state in the nation. Hawaii hopes to see significant economic gains result from its new school; the technology developed at SOEST will have applications in energy production, ocean mining, agriculture, and many other fields.
Physics Olympics
Authors: Bush Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

Academics, not athletics, were the game in the 1988 International Physics Olympiad held in Bad Ischl, Austria, June 23 to July 1. AGU was one of about 20 principal sponsoring organizations that helped send 135 students from 27 countries to compete; the American Institute of Physics was another. The U.S. team brought home three of the 22 silver medals for 12th, 17th, 26th, 79th, and 90th places.The 20 members ot the U.S. Physics Olympiad Team attended a week‐long training camp at the University of Maryland, College Park. University professors, high school teachers, and physicists from private industry coached the students through intensive problem solving, laboratory investigation, and testing. Students heard guest lecturers and constantly supplied one another with problem challenges for practice.
Hazard reduction decade begins
Authors: Johnson A. Ivan 
Published: October 2006

United Nations Secretary Javier Perez de Cuellar has appointed a panel of 25 eminent scientists and government experts to assist him in developing an appropriate framework for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.The General Assembly has designated the 1990s as a decade in which the international community, under the auspices of the United Nations, will pay special attention to fostering international cooperation in the field of natural disaster reduction. The objective is to reduce, especially in developing countries, loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption caused by natural disasters. The Secretary‐General is requested, in cooperation with the appropriate organizations of the United Nations system and relevant scientific, technical, academic, and other nongovernmental organizations, to develop an appopriate framework for the Decade.
Nuclear waste under glass, further discussion
Authors: O'Keefe J. A. , Barkatt A. , Glass B. P. , Alterescu S. 
Published: October 2006

J. J. Crovisier and J. Honnorez [1988] discuss an article by W. W. Maggs, “Mg May Protect Waste Under Glass” [Maggs, 1988] summarizing work by A. Barkatt (Catholic University, Washington, D.C.), B. P. Glass (University of Delaware, Newark), and S. Alterescu and J. A. O'Keefe (NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Md.). We found that seawater is orders of magnitude less corrosive t h an fresh water in attacking tektite glass; traced the protective effect to the presence of magnesium, at a level of about 1.3 g/L in seawater; and suggested that the effect might be useful in protecting nuclear waste glasses from corrosion.Crovisier and Honnorez first make the point that the rate of corrosion of glass is, in principle, a function of the ratio of surface area 5 to the effective volume V. This concept, which is usually discussed in American literature under the name of S/V effects, is discussed by Crovisier and Honnorez in terms of the “permeability of the environment.” These effects have been carefully considered throughout our work (see, for example, Barkatt et al. [19867rsqb;). It turns out that in the sea the effective S/V is so small that the effects referred to by Crovisier and Honnorez can be ignored.
Lead levels down in U.S. rivers
Authors: Wainger Lisa A. 
Published: October 2006

Lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers declined from 1974 to 1985 in two‐thirds of the 300 sites tested by the U.S. Geological Survey. The downward trends were statistically significant for 30% of the stations. Preliminary evaluation of more recent data indicates that lead concentrations are continuing to decline.Higher lead concentrations were measured at some sites in the Texas Gulf and lower Mississippi Valley regions but were due largely to lower river flow. A few water samples exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency established limit of 50 ppb, and none were from sources of drinking water supplies.
CEDAR 88
Authors: Meriwether John W. , Killeen Timothy 
Published: October 2006

The third workshop session of the National Science Foundation's Coupling Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) initiative took place at the National Bureau of Standards and National Center for Atmospheric Research institutions in Boulder, Colo., June 6–10, and was attended by 155 participants, including about 40 graduate students.The CEDAR initiative represents the fruit of many years of efforts by the aeronomy community and NSF to modernize the techniques used to understand the many processes of the upper atmosphere both theoretically and experimentally. Since the beginning of this initiative (under the old name of Ground‐Based Optical Aeronomy) with a summer meeting in Logan, Utah, in 1983, there has been a workshop meeting every summer. The 1988 CEDAR meeting, in particular, reflected the growing maturity of the CEDAR initiative. The meeting was well attended, and, in general, we found fewer participants drawn to the meeting just by curiosity and more who came because they expected the workshop activities would be time well spent.
IAPSO Commission on Natural Marine Hazards
Authors: El‐Sabh Mohammed I. 
Published: October 2006

Responding to the United Nations designation of the International Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction, the Executive Committee of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) meeting in August in Acapulco, Mexico, established a Commission on Natural Marine Hazards.Natural and man‐made hazards such as tropical cyclones, floods, storm surges, tsunamis, severe waves, red tides, earthquakes, environmental pollution, volcanic eruptions, and chemical pollutions present challenges around the world and know no national or international boundaries. Such hazards therefore present challenges and life‐threatening problems to all the people of the world. Unless conscious and dedicated efforts by all nations are developed and implemented, the lives, and the quality of those lives, of all people on Earth are seriously and irreparably threatened.
Jule Gregory Charney
Authors: Smagorinsky J. 
Published: October 2006

Twelve years ago, Jule Charney was honored by AGU when he was named the 38th William Bowie medalist for having epitomized the Bowie criteria of outstanding contribution to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research.Fifty years of Bowie awards were celebrated at a Special Session of the AGU Spring Meeting held in Baltimore, Md., in May. It is a very special distinction that AGU has selected Charney, among others, from a truly impressive field of superachievers, as one meriting extended recall of his contributions and his place in history.
Geophysicists Archambeau and Jeanloz Receive Grants
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

When the Macarthur Foundation announced its 1988 fellowship selections in July, two geophysicists were on the list. Charles Archambeau, a seismologist at the University of Colorado in Boulder, and Raymond Jeanloz, a mineral physicist at the University of California in Berkeley, were among 31 writers, musicians, artists, historians, and scientists chosen to receive 5‐year grants from the John D. and Catherine T. Macarthur Foundation in Chicago.The fellowship program gives money to talented people in many fields and is known for the secrecy of its nominating process and the stipulation that the money awarded—between $150,000 and $375,000 over 5 years depending on age—has no strings attached. This year's winners include novelist Thomas Pynchon and jazz drummer Max Roach.
Hans P. Eugster Memorial Symposium
Authors: Sverjensky Dimitri A. 
Published: October 2006

Six of the nation's most outstanding geochemists and petrologists convened May 6, 1988, to honor the late Hans P. Eugster at a symposium organized by the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. (see photo). Over 100 of Hans' collegues, students, and friends gathered to pay tribute both to a man they fondly remebered and to the lesson offered by his scientific career—that profound discoveries follow from the application of fundamental chemical principles to geological processes. The hour‐long presentations were a good mix of current research and reminiscences about the development of now time‐honored practices in goechemistry.Harold C. Helgeson (Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California at Berkeley) intrigued the symposium with his vision of future developments in theoretical organic geochemistry. He outlined how equations of state for inorganic aqueous electrolyte solutions may be extended to dissolved aqueous organic species. Already, these new developments enable a quantitative analysis of goechemical processes that invlove both inorganic and organic species in solution. Examples include the generation and maintenance of the oxidation states of oil‐field brines, the migration and accumulation of petroleum, and abiologic processes involving hydrothermal fluids in the origin of life. He suggested that redox reactions involving acetate may control hydrothermal transport and precipitation of petroleum in sedimentary basins. Oil accumulations, Helgeson speculated, could be regarded as just another kind of hydrothermal “ore deposit.”