bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Craniofacial Soft Tissue Injury in a Western Chinese Population
Authors: Mu Si-Qi , Dong Chen , Chen Jie , Liu Heng-Xin , Jin Chang-Xin , Cang Zheng-Qiang , Zhang Xi 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Craniofacial soft tissue injuries represent a serious public health problem and their epidemiology is extremely variable. The objective of the present study was to analyze and discuss the epidemiological characteristics of 12,816 patients with craniofacial skin soft tissue injuries over a 3-year period.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted in emergency departments of plastic surgery at Xijing Hospitals from 2020 to 2022. Data were collected for the cause of injury, age and gender distribution, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, visit time, facial bone fractures, nerve injury, and treatment protocols. All the data were analyzed and performed including descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression analyses.

Results:
A total of 13,574 soft tissue injuries were seen in 12,816 patients. A total to 94.67% (12,133) were single-site injuries, and 5.33% (683) were multiple-site injuries. The male-to-female ratio of 1.62:1. The age group 0 to 9 years accounted is the largest subgroup. The most common etiology of the trauma was collisions, accounted for 51.89%. The forehead (23.54%) was the most common site by the cheeks (14.36%). Two hundred three patients (1.58%) had associated bone fractures. May month had the highest incidence of trauma and February month had the lowest incidence. There are more visits on weekends than on weekdays. 18:00 to 24:00 is the time with the largest number of visits, but there is no statistically significant difference from other time periods. The average time interval between the accident and treatment was 6.8 hours, and the median time was 6 hours.

Conclusions:
The incidence of craniofacial soft tissue injuries is related to gender, age, and the cause of trauma. Children between 0 and 9 are the most likely group. Collisions is the main cause of craniofacial soft tissue injuries.
Use of a Space Graft in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Zhao Jiuli , Xu Xiaowen , Shan Lei 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Construction of the nasal tip strut is an important part of rhinoplasty; the incidence of postoperative complications is closely related to the type of graft and the approach to cartilaginous framework construction.

Objectives:
To introduce a supplementary graft to support the cartilaginous framework.

Methods:
Forty patients (37 female and 3 male), aged from 18 to 40 years (average 29), received a rhinoplasty using a spacer graft. Of these, 12 were primary cases and the other 28 had a previous rhinoplasty procedure. Postoperatively, all patients were photographed and asked to complete a satisfaction survey. Complications were collected retrospectively.

Results:
Postoperatively, the mean nasofrontal angle was 141.92±1.26 degrees for the primary cases and 140.75±2.22 degrees for the repeat procedures; the mean nasolabial angle was 88.69±0.95 degrees for primary cases and 89.14±0.93 degrees for the repeat procedures; mean nasal length was 4.78±0.05 cm for primary cases and 4.79±0.07 cm for the repeat procedures; mean tip projection was 4.68±6.35 cm for primary cases and 2.24±0.07 cm for the repeat procedures. Self-report of the overall improvements showed a high satisfaction rate. One case (2.5%) had a postoperative complication involving a mildly deviated columellar.

Conclusions:
The spacer graft can be used as an effective supplement to the traditional methods for reconstructing the nasal tip framework; it can prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications such as the exposure of the nasal prosthesis, the downward rotation of the nasal tip, the depression of the supratip regions of the nose, and the deviation of the nasal columella.
Biomechanical Study on the Comparison of Synthetic Materials for Cranio-Orbital Fracture Repair
Authors: Zeng Xueying , Li Yang , Sun Hetian , Kikkawa Don O. , Lu Wei 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
For analyzing the mechanical properties of 2 cranio-orbital repair materials under distinct external impacts by finite element analysis and evaluating the stability of various repair materials.

Methods:
Based on the computed tomography images of the patients with cranio-orbital fractures, three-dimensional models of the normal craniomaxillofacial models were established by segmenting them with Mimics 19.0, Geomagic Studio 12.0, and UG 12.0, respectively, to build the finite element models of titanium repair fixation and the poly-ether-ether-ketone repair fixation. The models were then simulated by Ansys 19.2, with divergent impact forces to analyze the stresses and displacements of the repair materials, as well as the internal fixation system, and to make a comparison on the stability of the distinct repair materials.

Results:
The titanium mesh is stable at impact forces ≤1500 N. Furthermore, the poly-ether-ether-ketone mesh and the internal fixation system are resistant to fracture and displacement at impact forces of up to 3000 N.

Conclusion:
By simulating distinct mechanical environments, the biomechanical finite element analysis method can digitally assess the mechanical properties of cranio-orbital repair materials and objectively evaluate the stability of the repair materials and the internal fixation system.
Sizeable Facial and Cervical Defect Repair using a Medial Arm Flap Combined With the Tissue Expansion Technique: Clinical Applications and Fifteen-year Follow-up
Authors: Luo Si-Si , Yang Zhe , Ma Ning , Chen Sen , Li Yang-Qun 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The aim of this study was to present the 15-year clinical results using a preexpanded pedicle medial arm flap for repairing massive facial and cervical defects.

Methods:
The process of our method is divided into 3 stages. In the first stage, the rectangle-shaped tissue expander was implanted subcutaneously in the medial arm region and serially inflated for ~3 months. In the second stage, the distal portion of the flap was to cover the defects, the proximal portion was overlapped with the residual lesion flap. The pedicle was divided 3 weeks later, and the extra tissue was reinserted back to the donor site.

Results:
A total of 27 patients were retained. All donor sites were closed directly. Maximum and minimum sizes of preexpanded cervical flaps were 20

15 cm2 to 5.5

4 cm2. In 2 cases, partial necrosis occurred at the distal end of the flap, while the remaining flap survived completely. The median duration of follow-up was 7.5 years. During follow-up, 24 patients (88.9%) had satisfactory outcomes and 3 patients (11.1%) had partially satisfactory results.

Conclusion:
Using expanded pedicle medial arm flap for face or neck defects’ reconstruction showed that it was safe and effective, and had satisfying results in the long-term follow-up. The flap based on the proximal pedicle has a more reliable blood supply.
Evidence-based psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia: a critical review
Authors: Barlati Stefano , Nibbio Gabriele , Vita Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) are severe conditions that frequently produce significant impairment in cognitive performance, social skills and psychosocial functioning. As pharmacological treatment alone often provides only limited improvements on these outcomes, several psychosocial interventions are employed in psychiatric rehabilitation practice to improve of real-world outcomes of people living with SSD: the present review aims to provide a critical overview of these treatments, focusing on those that show consistent evidence of effectiveness.

Recent findings
Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated in detail the acceptability, the effectiveness on several specific outcomes and moderators of response of different psychosocial interventions, and several individual studies have provided novel insight on their implementation and combination in rehabilitation practice.

Summary
Cognitive remediation, metacognitive training, social skills training, psychoeducation, family interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical exercise and lifestyle interventions, supported employment and some other interventions can be fully considered as evidence-based treatments in SSD. Psychosocial interventions could be of particular usefulness in the context of early intervention services. Future research should focus on developing newer interventions, on better understanding the barriers and the facilitators of their implementation in clinical practice, and exploring the opportunities provided by novel technologies.
No Effect of Serum Electrolyte Levels on Electroconvulsive Therapy Seizure Quality Parameters
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Sartorius Alexander , Aksay Suna Su 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Seizure quality is considered to be associated with treatment outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). A wide range of treatment parameters and patient characteristics are known to influence seizure quality. However, conflicting results exist for the role of serum electrolyte levels and seizure quality.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a total of 454 patients and a total of 2119 individual acute ECT sessions irrespective of diagnosis where a clinical evaluation of serum levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium took place routinely up to 2 days before the ECT session. To assess the impact of serum electrolyte levels on seizure quality parameters, we used mixed-effects linear regression analysis with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.

Results
Serum sodium, potassium, and calcium levels were not associated with seizure quality markers after correcting the significance level for multiple testing. Younger age was consistently associated with higher postictal suppression, interhemispheric coherence, midictal amplitude, and peak heart rate. Lower dose was consistently associated with longer electroencephalogram and motor seizure duration.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that there is no clinically relevant effect of serum electrolyte levels on seizure quality, at least within clinically commonly observed ranges of serum electrolyte concentrations.
Limited stress and tissue-specific transcriptional and translational activity of transposable elements in mosquitoes
Authors: Melo Elverson S , Wallau Gabriel L 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) can either negatively affect the host’s fitness or contribute to the species evolution. TE protein expression is the first stage for transposition, but organisms developed defenses to control it. The intensity of regulatory mechanisms can vary among tissues, and in response to stress, it may facilitate TE activation across different species. Using hundreds of RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry experiments we calculated TE expression on twelve mosquito species. Most mosquito TE families exhibit constitutive RNA expression with abundant lncRNA production, yet only a limited number of proteins are effectively produced, in a tissue-specific manner. Under natural conditions, TEs exhibit distinct expression in somatic and germinal tissues, notably with pronounced repression in ovaries, associated with increased PIWI and AGO3 expression. Following exposure to abiotic stress and viral infection, certain TE families undergo altered expression. However, some stressors have no effects on TEs, or cause opposite effects in distinct species. Furthermore, repression predominates over induction in most cases. These data suggest that while some proteins are synthesized, the majority of TE transcripts function in a regulatory capacity. We also propose that the conventional notion of TEs being more expressed under stress conditions may not be universally valid.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Theta-burst direct electrical stimulation remodels human brain networks
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Zelmann Rina , Hadar Peter , Dezha-Peralta Jaquelin , Richardson R. Mark , Williams Ziv M. , Cash Sydney S. , Keller Corey J. , Paulk Angelique C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatterned brain stimulation is a powerful therapeutic approach for treating a wide range of brain disorders. In particular, theta-burst stimulation (TBS), characterized by rhythmic bursts of 3-8 Hz mirroring endogenous brain rhythms, is delivered by transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve cognitive functions and relieve symptoms of depression. However, the mechanism by which TBS alters underlying neural activity remains poorly understood. In 10 pre-surgical epilepsy participants undergoing intracranial monitoring, we investigated the neural effects of TBS. Employing intracranial EEG (iEEG) during direct electrical stimulation across 29 stimulation cortical locations, we observed that individual bursts of electrical TBS consistently evoked strong neural responses spanning broad cortical regions. These responses exhibited dynamic changes over the course of stimulation presentations including either increasing or decreasing voltage responses, suggestive of short-term plasticity in the amplitude of the local field potential voltage response. Notably, stronger stimulation augmented the mean amplitude and distribution of TBS responses , leading to greater proportion of recording sites demonstrating short-term plasticity. TBS responses were stimulation site-specific and propagated according to the underlying functional brain architecture, as stronger responses were observed in regions with strong baseline effective (cortico-cortical evoked potentials) and functional (low frequency phase locking) connectivity. Further, our findings enabled the predictions of locations where both TBS responses and change in these responses (e.g. short-term plasticity) were observed. Future work may focus on using pre-treatment connectivity alongside other biophysical factors to personalize stimulation parameters, thereby optimizing induction of neuroplasticity within disease-relevant brain networks.
Releasable hydrogel microsphere-drug conjugates as generic prodrugs for long-acting intra-tumoral therapy
Authors: Henise Jeff , Hangasky John A. , Charych Deborah , Carreras Christopher W. , Ashley Gary W. , Santi Daniel V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntratumoral (IT) therapy is a powerful method of controlling tumor growth, but a major unsolved problem is the rapidity that injected drugs exit tumors, limiting on-target exposure and efficacy. We have developed a generic long acting IT delivery-system in which a drug is covalently tethered to hydrogel microspheres (MS) by a cleavable linker; upon injection the conjugate forms a depot that slowly releases the drug and “bathes” the tumor for long periods. We established technology to measure tissue pharmacokinetics and studied MSs attached to SN-38, a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. When MS∼SN-38 was injected locally, tissues showed high levels of SN-38 with a long half-life of ∼1 week. IT MS∼SN-38 was ∼10-fold more efficacious as an anti-tumor agent than systemic SN-38. We also propose and provide an example that long-acting IT therapy might enable safe use of two drugs with overlapping toxicities. Here, long-acting IT MS∼SN-38 is delivered with concurrent systemic PARP inhibitor. The tumor is exposed to both drugs whereas other tissues are exposed only to the systemic drug; synergistic anti-tumor activity supported the validity of this approach. We propose use of this approach to increase efficacy and reduce toxicities of combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors such asαCTLA4 andαPD-1.
Dnmt3amutations limit normal and autoreactive Tfh differentiation
Authors: Shen Yunbing , Li Zhaojun , Boddul Sanjaykumar , Kasza Zsolt , Espinosa Alexander , Klareskog Lars , Wermeling Fredrik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, strongly associated with the activity of autoreactive CD4+ T cells.DNMT3Amutations are the most common somatic mutations found in the hematopoietic system of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, the role of DNMT3A in CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is poorly understood. Since somatic mutations are not identified in standard genome-wide association studies, somatic mutations’ impact on the etiology of diseases could be underestimated. Here, we thoroughly characterized and used the KRN+ splenocyte transfer model of autoimmune joint inflammation and inactivatedDnmt3ausing CRISPR-Cas9 and standard Cre/loxP approaches. Experiments with competitive bone marrow (BM) chimeras identified a positive role forDnmt3ain Tfh differentiation, which was validated by comparing mice withDnmt3amutations in CD4+ cells to animals with WTDnmt3a. In conclusion, We identify thatDnmt3amutations limit normal and autoreactive Tfh differentiation.Key findings–Dnmt3amutations limit Tfh differentiation, which could contribute to reduced immune responses in individuals with somaticDNMT3Amutations.–Deep characterization of the KRN+ splenocyte transfer model defines a dynamic process leading to reproducible autoimmune joint inflammation.–The immuno-CRISPR (iCR) methodology can be used to test the role of candidate genes in disease models.
An extremely fast neural mechanism to detect emotional visual stimuli: A two-experiment study
Authors: Luis Carretié , Uxía Fernández-Folgueiras , Dominique Kessel , Guzmán Alba , Estrella Veiga-Zarza , Manuel Tapia , Fátima Álvarez 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTDefining the brain mechanisms underlying initial emotional evaluation is a key but unexplored clue to understand affective processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs), especially suited for investigating this issue, were recorded in two experiments (n=36 and n=35). We presented emotionally negative (spiders) and neutral (wheels) silhouettes homogenized regarding their visual parameters. In Experiment 1, stimuli appeared at fixation or in the periphery (200 trials per condition and location), the former eliciting a N40 (39 milliseconds) and a P80 (or C1: 80 milliseconds) component, and the latter only a P80. In Experiment 2, stimuli were presented only at fixation (500 trials per condition). Again, a N40 (45 milliseconds) was observed, followed by a P100 (or P1: 105 milliseconds). Analyses revealed significantly greater N40-C1P1 peak-to-peak amplitudes for spiders in both experiments, and ANCOVAs showed that these effects were not explained by C1P1 alone, but that processes underlying N40 significantly contributed. Source analyses pointed to V1 as a N40 focus (more clearly in Experiment 2). Sources for C1P1 included V1 (P80) and V2/LOC (P80 and P100). These results and their timing point to low-order structures (such as visual thalamic nuclei or superior colliculi) or the visual cortex itself, as candidates for initial evaluation structures.
Intrinsic structural covariation links cerebellum subregions to the cerebral cortex
Authors: Wang Zilong , Diedrichsen Jörn , Saltoun Karin , Steele Christopher , Arnold-Anteraper Sheeba Rani , Yeo B.T. Thomas , Schmahmann Jeremy , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe human cerebellum is increasingly recognized to be involved in non-motor and higher-order cognitive functions. Yet, its ties with the entire cerebral cortex have not been holistically studied in a whole-brain exploration with a unified analytical framework. Here, we characterized disso-ciable cortical-cerebellar structural covariation patterns across the brain in n=38,527 UK Bio-bank participants. Our results invigorate previous observations in that important shares of corti-cal-cerebellar structural covariation are described as i) a dissociation between the higher-level cognitive system and lower-level sensorimotor system, as well as ii) an anticorrelation between the visual-attention system and advanced associative networks within the cerebellum. We also discovered a novel pattern of ipsilateral, rather than contralateral, cerebral-cerebellar associations. Furthermore, phenome-wide association assays revealed key phenotypes, including cognitive phenotypes, lifestyle, physical properties, and blood assays, associated with each decomposed covariation pattern, helping to understand their real-world implications. This systems neurosci-ence view paves the way for future studies to explore the implications of these structural covaria-tions, potentially illuminating new pathways in our understanding of neurological and cognitive disorders.
Longitudinal study of neurochemical, volumetric and behavioral changes in Q140 & BACHD mouse models of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Zacharoff Lori , Tkac Ivan , Shapiro Alexander , Henry Pierre-Gilles , Dubinsky Janet M 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBrain metabolites, detectable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), have been examined as potential biomarkers in Huntington’s Disease (HD). In this study, the RQ140 and BACHD transgenic mouse models of HD were used to investigate the relative sensitivity of the metabolite profiling and the brain volumetry to characterize mouse HD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1H MRS data were acquired at 9.4 T from the transgenic mice and wild-type littermates every 3 months until death. Brain shrinkage was detectable in striatum of both mouse models at 12 months compared to littermates. In Q140 mice, increases in PCr and Gln occurred in striatum prior to cortex. Myo-inositol was significantly elevated in both regions from an early age. Lac, Ala and PE decreased in Q140 striatum. Tau increased in Q140 cortex. Metabolite changes in the BACHD cortex and striatum were minimal with a striatal decrease in Lac being most prominent, consistent with a dearth of ubiquitin and 1C2 positive aggregates detected in those regions. Binary logistical regression models generated from the Q140 metabolite data were able to predict the presence of disease in the BACHD striatal and previously published R6/2 metabolite data. Thus, neurochemical changes precede volume shrinkage and become potential biomarkers for HD mouse modelsIntroduction
In vivo timelapse imaging and analysis of Golgi satellite organelle distribution and movement in the neural progenitor cells of the brain
Authors: Arellano Lindsay D , Bestman Jennifer E 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dividing stem cells of the developing brain are the radial glial neural progenitor cells (NPCs), multifunctional cells that proliferate to generate all of the cells of the brain, but also act as scaffolds for their migrating neuron progeny, guideposts for pathfinding growing axons and regulators of synaptic activity. These remarkable cells perform these very different activities while remaining in contact with the inner and outer surface of the ever-growing brain. NPCs synthesize proteins locally to support the compartmentalized protein expression required for the cells to perform their specialized functions, but it is not clear how the necessary processing that normally occurs in the Golgi apparatus is achieved at locations far from the cell body. Golgi satellites, motile organelles and members of the protein maturation machinery, control protein glycosylation and maturation in polarized cells like neurons. To investigate whether NPCs also rely on Golgi satellites, we expressed a fluorescent reporter to label Golgi satellites in the NPCs in the intact brains ofXenopus laevistadpoles. Quantitative analysis ofin vivotimelapse images revealed dynamic, motile Golgi satellites that distribute throughout the cell, suggesting that NPCs have local proteostasis to support their diverse functions.