bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite electrode for capillary electrophoretic measurement of honokiol and magnolol in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Authors: Yao Xiao , Xu Xuejiao , Yang Pengyuan , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the development and the application of a novel carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) (CNT/PMMA) composite electrode as a sensitive amperometric detector of CE. The composite electrode was fabricated on the basis of the in situ polymerization of a mixture of CNT and prepolymerized methylmethacrylate in the microchannel of a piece of fused‐silica capillary under heat. The performance of this unique system has been demonstrated by separating and detecting honokiol and magnolol in traditional Chinese medicine, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis. Factors influencing their separation and detection processes were examined and optimized. Honokiol and magnolol were well separated within 7 min in a 40 cm long capillary at a separation voltage of 15 kV using a 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The new CNT‐based CE detector offered significantly lower operating potentials, yielded substantially enhanced S/N characteristics, and exhibited resistance to surface fouling and hence enhanced stability. It demonstrated long‐term stability and reproducibility with RSDs of less than 5% for the peak current (n = 9) and should also find a wide range of applications in microchip CE, flowing injection analysis, and other microfluidic analysis systems.
Levodopa can worsen tremor associated with dystonia
Authors: Hensman Davina J. , Bain Peter G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA patient with tremor associated with spasmodic dysphonia developed a marked exacerbation of her upper limb tremor whilst on co‐careldopa (Sinemet CR) that improved when the drug was withdrawn. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Chorea induced by globus pallidus externus stimulation in a dystonic patient
Authors: Mouton Servane , Xie‐Brustolin Jing , Mertens Patrick , Polo Gustavo , Damier Philippe , Broussolle Emmanuel , Thobois Stéphane 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBilateral high‐frequency stimulation of the internal part of the pallidum has proven its efficacy in improving motor symptoms of dystonia. In Parkinson's disease, the stimulation of the external pallidum (GPe) can induce dyskinesias. This has never been described in dystonia. We report here a case of abnormal movements induced by the stimulation of GPe in a dystonic patient and discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Interplay of relativistic and nuclear effects in few‐electron atoms and ions
Authors: Sapirstein J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAfter the basic physics of the Schrödinger equation is solved for in atomic systems, discrepancies with experiment arise from relativistic effects, quantum electrodynamic effects, and the fact the nucleus is not a point‐like particle. While the nuclear effects are small, valuable nuclear physics information can be obtained from high‐precision exeriments if the non‐nuclear part of the problem can be controlled with similar precision. Recent progress in the accurate evaluation of relativistic and QED effects will be described, which gives information on a number of few‐nucleon nuclei where theoretical progress has also been made by nuclear theorists. Examples of this interplay will be given, including a study of the so‐called “halo” nucleus helium‐6 through isostope shift experiments and the charge radii determination of the proton. In addition, the more complicated nuclear problem of the magnetization distribution in the bismuth nucleus will be shown to be probed because of experimental and theoretical advances in the study of hyperfine splitting in hydrogen‐like and lithium‐like bismuth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Theoretical studies of the effect of pair scattering process on two‐gap superconductivity in Eliashberg theory
Authors: Nagao Hidemi , Kawabe Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo‐gap superconductivity is investigated from the viewpoint of strong electron–phonon coupling including effective electron–electron interaction within an extension of the Eliashberg theory. The two‐band Eliashberg theory is extended to a more general formalism, including the pair scattering process between two bands. We present a coupled extended Eliashberg equation. We discuss the contribution of effective electron–electron interaction and the electron–phonon coupling to two‐gap superconductivity in relation to frequency dependence, using the extended Eliashberg equation and a model for phonon spectral density. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The Relevance of Old World Archaeology to the First Entry of Man into New Worlds: Colonization Seen from the Antipodes
Authors: Hallam Sylvia J. 
Published: July 2006

Following several discussions in recent numbers of Quaternary Research on the peopling of the Americas, this paper suggests that movements into the New World should be viewed in the wider context of subsistence, technology, and movement around the western littorals of the Pacific, resulting in the colonization not of one but of two new continents by men out of Asia. Specific points which have been raised by these recent papers are reviewed in the light of Australian, Wallacian, and East Asian data.(1) The earliness of watercraft is evidenced by chronology of the human diaspora through Wallacia and Greater Australia.(2) The simplistic nomenclature of chopper-flake traditions masks considerable complexity and technological potential, revealed in detailed Antipodean studies.(3) These traditions also have great potential for adapting to differing ecological zones, evidenced within Greater Australia; and for technological and economic innovation there, through Southeast Asia, and to Japan and the north Asian littoral.(4) The history of discovery and the nature of the evidence from Australia cannot validly be used to controvert early dates in the Americas.(5) Demographic data from Australia suggest that total commitment to a rapid-spread “bowwave” model for the peopling of new continents may be unwise.
The Mode and Mechanism of the Last Deglaciation: Oceanic Evidence
Authors: Ruddiman W. F. , McIntyre A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChanges in ocean temperature, carbonate productivity, and ice-rafted detritus in the North Atlantic suggest that half of the Northern Hemisphere ice volume at the last glacial maximum had disappeared by 13,000 yr B.P., despite the still-extensive limits of the ice sheets. This early thinning of the ice sheets occurred during a time when summer insolation values were slowly rising but when pollen evidence south of the ice margins indicates cold, dry air masses. We infer that this rapid early ice disintegration (16,000–13,000 yr B.P.) was caused by oceanic mechanisms: (1) rising sea level, causing increased calving along ice margins; (2) the chilling of the sea-surface by icebergs and meltwater, reducing moisture extraction by the atmosphere and transport to the ice sheets; and (3) winter freezing of the low-salinity meltwater layer, suppressing local moisture extraction and the regional influx of moisture-bearing storms from lower latitudes in winter and hence starving the ice sheets. These oceanic feedback mechanisms were strongest from 16,000 to 13,000 yr B.P., and weaker but still active from that date until the end of deglaciation at 6000 yr B.P.
Invertebrate Fossils (Insecta: Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera) from the Pleistocene Scarborough Formation at Toronto, Ontario, and their paleoenvironmental Significance
Authors: Williams Nancy E. , Westgate John A. , Williams D. Dudley , Morgan Anne , Morgan Alan V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLarval caddisfly, chironomid, and beetle remains have been recovered from the Pleistocene Scarborough Formation in the Toronto region of southern Ontario. Three stratigraphic levels were sampled at the northeastern end of the Scarborough Bluffs; the youngest horizon yielded 16 chironomid taxa, 33 caddisfly taxa, and 28 beetle taxa, whereas the two older levels yielded somewhat less diverse assemblages. Only one taxon in each of the caddisfly and chironomid groups was identified from the presumed correlative beds at Woodbridge, Ontario, but numerous beetle fragments were recovered, several of which have been specifically identified and match species found previously in the upper part of the Scarborough Formation. The youngest sampled assemblage in the Scarborough Formation at the northeastern end of the Scarborough Bluffs is interpreted as indicating cool climatic conditions in a boreal forest environment, given the present-day distributions and feeding habits of these river, lake, and terrestrial taxa. The mean July temperature at this time was probably about 15°C, as compared to the present-day value of 20.5°C. The forest was poorer in deciduous species during deposition of the older part of the formation as preserved here. These results agree well with previous interpretations based on plant remains. We suggest that both aquatic and terrestrial insects are good indicators of macroclimate.
Latest Pleistocene Increase in Wind Intensity Recorded in Eolian Sediments from Central Alaska
Authors: Bigelow Nancy , Begét Jim , Powers Roger 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA brief increase in wind intensity between ca. 11,100 and 10,700 yr B.P. is recorded by a sharp increase in sediment grain size at eolian sections along the Nenana River in central Alaska. This occurred at the same time as the Younger Dryas climatic reversal in northern Europe and an increase in the vigor of atmospheric circulation recorded by Greenland ice cores. Climatic fluctuations in high latitude areas during Younger Dryas time may reflect variations in the CO2 content of the atmosphere.
Taphonomy of Guanaco Bones in Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Borrero Luis Alberto 
Published: July 2006

AbstractGuanaco carcasses are deposited in great quantities in Cabo San Pablo, Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), as a result of winter stress. Taphonomic studies indicate that the gnawing action of foxes on guanaco (Lama guanicoe) carcasses produces only very tenuous marks on the bones. Lack of sustained interest in the carcasses by carnivores results in slow disarticulation. The articulated and disarticulated bones are exposed to heavy trampling by guanacos, a process that produces vertical migration of small/dense bones and fracturing of the most weathered bones. An understanding of this ongoing process is important for local archaeology, since modern bones are migrating into archaeological contexts. A regional approach to taphonomy is the most appropriate instrument to solve this and other related problems.
Intestinal contents of a late Pleistocene mastodont from midcontinental north America
Authors: Lepper Bradley T. , Frolking Tod A. , Fisher Daniel C. , Goldstein Gerald , Sanger Jon E. , Wymer Dee Anne , Ogden J.Gordon , Hooge Paul E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSalvage excavations of a nearly complete and remarkably well-preserved skeleton of an American mastodont (Mammut americanum) in Licking County, Ohio, yielded a discrete, cylindrical mass of plant material found in association with articulated vertebrae and associated ribs. This material is interpreted as intestinal contents of the mastodont and paleobotanical analyses indicate that the mastodont diet included significant amounts of low, herbaceous vegetation. Enteric bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae), isolated from a sample of this material, are believed to represent survivors or descendants of the intestinal microflora of the mastodont. This is the first report of the isolation of bacteria associated with late Pleistocene megafauna.
Postpartum evaluation of stress urinary incontinence among primiparas
Authors: Eftekhar T. , Hajibaratali B. , Ramezanzadeh F. , Shariat M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: To assess the prevalence of postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI); the relationship between postpartum SUI and mode of delivery; and the association between SUI and other obstetric factors.Method: In this prospective study, 1000 primiparas with no history of UI were recruited and followed up for 4 months after delivery. The χ2 and Fisher's Exact tests were used to calculate the effects of the nominal variables.Result: The prevalence of postpartum SUI was 14.1%, and the mode of delivery was significantly associated with SUI. The prevalence rates were 15.9% after vaginal delivery, 10.7% after elective cesarean section (CS), and 25% after CS performed for obstructed labor. The prevalence of postpartum SUI was similar following spontaneous vaginal delivery and CS performed for obstructed labor (P = .21). Meanwhile, elective CS with no trial of labor was found to be associated with a significantly lower prevalence of postpartum SUI (P = .01; χ2 = 12.42). A maternal body mass index greater than 30 before pregnancy and fetal weight higher than 3000 g appeared to be associated with an increased rate of SUI (P = .001; χ2 = 17.6 and P = .000; χ2 = 22.5, respectively).Conclusion: Elective CS significantly reduced the rate of postpartum SUI.
Ossiculoplasty: a UK survey
Authors: Dhanasekar G , Khan H K , Malik N , Wilson F , Raut V V 
Published: July 2006

The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the current surgical practice of ossiculoplasty among British otolaryngology consultants, using a postal questionnaire. Ossiculoplasty is not a very common procedure. It is only performed by otologists with a special interest in ossiculoplasty. Among the 280 respondents (response rate 51.9 per cent), only 179 (63.9 per cent) performed ossiculoplasty. The majority of the consultants (86.5 per cent) used artificial prostheses, and 63.7 per cent used patients' own ossicles (autografts). Most of the consultants (77.6 per cent) performed ossiculoplasty with primary tympanoplasty surgery rather than with primary cholesteatoma surgery (46.3 per cent). The majority of the consultants (50.8 per cent) performed less than 10 ossiculoplasties per year.This is the first survey on ossiculoplasty surgery in the United Kingdom.
Spectrum analysis of plasma produced by pulsed laser ablation of GaAs
Authors: LIU AI HUA 
Published: July 2006

Abstract.A time-resolved diagnostic technique was used to investigate the emission spectra from the plasmas produced by 1.06 μm, 10 ns pulsed laser ablation of semiconductor GaAs. The characteristics of the species in plasma produced at different ambient pressure were analyzed. The full width at half maximum of the spectral line was measured and analyzed according to obtained spectra of the excited atoms; several line broadening factors were estimated according to our experimental conditions and the results indicate that the Stark broadening is the main broadening mechanism. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the time evolution of electron number density was deduced from the Stark broadening measurements.
Family predictors of parent participation in an adolescent drug abuse prevention program
Authors: DÍAZ SUSANA AL‐HALABI , SECADES‐VILLA ROBERTO , PÉREZ JOSÉ MANUEL ERRASTI , FERNÁNDEZ‐HERMIDA JOSÉ RAMÓN , GARCÍA‐RODRÍGUEZ OLAYA , CRESPO JOSÉ LUIS CARBALLO 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLow participation rates constitute a serious problem faced by family drug abuse prevention programs. In this study we analyse the factors related to participation in a Life Skills Training program implemented in three schools in Spain. Participants in the study were 485 pupils aged 12–14 years and their respective parents. The variables that predicted participation in the program were: number of children and educational level of parents, children's drug use, family conflict, parental rearing style, relationships between parents and children and family communication. The results from Spain are similar to those found in international studies, and indicate that the families most at risk of drug use are those least likely to participate in prevention programs. There is a need for strategies to increase participation in prevention programs of the families most at risk.
Illicit drug use and responses in six Pacific Island countries
Authors: DEVANEY MADONNA L. , REID GARY , BALDWIN SIMON , CROFTS NICK , POWER ROBERT 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report here on the illicit drug situation in six Pacific nations: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The report is based on the ‘Situational analysis of illicit drug issues and responses in Asia and the Pacific’, commissioned by the Australian National Council on Drugs Asia Pacific Drug Issues Committee. The situational analysis was a comprehensive desk‐based review; data sources included published and unpublished literature and information from key informants. A range of psychoactive substances have been used traditionally across the Pacific region. Cannabis is the by far the most common and widespread illicit drug used in the six Pacific Islands reviewed. Drugs such as heroin, methamphetamines and cocaine are not used commonly due to their high cost compared to the average income. Currently, there is no overall regional or country‐based illicit drug policy for the Pacific and few treatment programs; limited data exist to aid in understanding illicit drug use and the harms associated with its use in the Pacific. This review highlights the urgent need for strategic alcohol and drug research in the Pacific as a foundation for the development of policy.
Arginine-Dependent Acid Resistance in
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Kieboom Jasper , Abee Tjakko 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium does not survive a pH 2.5 acid challenge under conditions similar to those used for
Escherichia coli
(J. W. Foster, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2:898-907, 2004). Here, we provide evidence that
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium can display arginine-dependent acid resistance (AR) provided the cells are grown under anoxic conditions and not under the microaerobic conditions used for assessment of AR in
E. coli
. The role of the arginine decarboxylase pathway in
Salmonella
AR was shown by the loss of AR in mutants lacking
adiA
, which encodes arginine decarboxylase;
adiC
, which encodes the arginine-agmatine antiporter; or
adiY
, which encodes an AraC-like regulator. Transcription of
adiA
and
adiC
was found to be dependent on AdiY, anaerobiosis, and acidic pH.
Multilocus Sequence Typing as an Approach for Population Analysis of
Medicago
-Nodulating Rhizobia
Authors: van Berkum Peter , Elia Patrick , Eardly Bertrand D. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a sequence-based method to characterize bacterial genomes, was used to examine the genetic structure in a large collection of
Medicago
-nodulating rhizobial strains. This is the first study where MLST has been applied in conjunction with eBURST analysis to determine the population genetic structure of nonpathogenic bacteria recovered from the soil environment. Sequence variation was determined in 10 chromosomal loci of 231 strains that predominantly originated from southwest Asia. Genetic diversity for each locus ranged from 0.351 to 0.819, and the strains examined were allocated to 91 different allelic profiles or sequence types (STs). The genus
Medicago
is nodulated by at least two groups of rhizobia with divergent chromosomes that have been classified as
Sinorhizobium meliloti
and
Sinorhizobium medicae
. Evidence was obtained that the degree of genetic exchange among the chromosomes across these groups is limited. The symbiosis with
Medicago polymorpha
of nine strains placed in one of these groups, previously identified as
S. medicae
, ranged from ineffective to fully effective, indicating that there was no strong relationship between symbiotic phenotype and chromosomal genotype.
Straight-Chain Fatty Acids Are Dispensable in the Myxobacterium
Myxococcus xanthus
for Vegetative Growth and Fruiting Body Formation
Authors: Bode Helge B. , Ring Michael W. , Kaiser Dale , David Anna C. , Kroppenstedt Reiner M. , Schwär Gertrud 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT

Inactivation of the MXAN_0853 gene blocked the production in
Myxococcus xanthus
of straight-chain fatty acids which otherwise represent 30% of total fatty acids. Despite this drastic change in the fatty acid profile, no change in phenotype could be observed, which contrasts with previous interpretations of the role of straight-chain fatty acids in the organism's development.
Enhanced Biofilm Formation and Loss of Capsule Synthesis: Deletion of a Putative Glycosyltransferase inPorphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Davey Mary E. , Duncan Margaret J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTPeriodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease.Porphyromonas gingivalisis an obligate anaerobe consistently associated with severe manifestations of this disease. As an opportunistic pathogen, the ability to proliferate within and disseminate from subgingival biofilm (plaque) is central to its virulence. Here, we report the isolation of aP. gingivalistransposon insertion mutant altered in biofilm development and the reconstruction and characterization of this mutation in three different wild-type strains. The mutation responsible for the altered biofilm phenotype was in a gene with high sequence similarity (∼61%) to a glycosyltransferase gene. The gene is located in a region of the chromosome that includes up to 16 genes predicted to be involved in the synthesis and transport of capsular polysaccharide. The phenotype of the reconstructed mutation in all three wild-type backgrounds is that of enhanced biofilm formation. In addition, in strain W83, a strain that is encapsulated, the glycosyltransferase mutation resulted in a loss of capsule. Further experiments showed that the W83 mutant strain was more hydrophobic and exhibited increased autoaggregation. Our results indicate that we have identified a gene involved in capsular-polysaccharide synthesis inP. gingivalisand that the production of capsule prevented attachment and the initiation of in vitro biofilm formation on polystyrene microtiter plates.