bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential cooperation of oncogenes with p53 and Bax to induce apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Taylor Alan C , Schuster Katja , McKenzie Pamela P , Harris Linda C 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Deregulated expression of oncogenes such as MYC and PAX3-FKHR often occurs in rhabdomyosarcomas. MYC can enhance cell proliferation and apoptosis under specific conditions, whereas PAX3-FKHR has only been described as anti-apoptotic.

Results
In order to evaluate how MYC and PAX3-FKHR oncogenes influenced p53-mediated apoptosis, rhabdomyosarcoma cells were developed to independently express MYC and PAX3-FKHR cDNAs. Exogenous wild-type p53 expression in MYC transfected cells resulted in apoptosis, whereas there was only a slight effect in those transfected with PAX3-FKHR. Both oncoproteins induced BAX, but BAX induction alone without expression of wild-type p53 was insufficient to induce apoptosis. Data generated from genetically modified MEFs suggested that expression of all three proteins; MYC, BAX and p53, was required for maximal cell death to occur.

Conclusion
We conclude that cooperation between p53 and oncoproteins to induce apoptosis is dependent upon the specific oncoprotein expressed and that oncogene-mediated induction of BAX is necessary but insufficient to enhance p53-mediated apoptosis. These data demonstrate a novel relationship between MYC and p53-dependent apoptosis, independent of the ability of MYC to induce p53 that may be important in transformed cells other than rhabdomyosarcoma.
Myb proteins inhibit fibroblast transformation by v-Rel
Authors: Fu Shu-ling , Ganter Brigitte , Lipsick Joseph S 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Genes that cause cancer have been divided into two general classes – oncogenes that act in a dominant fashion to transform normal cells into a malignant state, and tumor suppressor genes that act in a dominant fashion to prevent such transformation. In this report, we demonstrate that both the v-myb retroviral oncogene, which causes leukemic transformation of hematopoietic cells, and the c-myb proto-oncogene can also function as inhibitors of fibroblast transformation by the v-rel oncogene. These results imply that the myb genes can function either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors in different cellular contexts.
Stromal Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Pan Judong , Mestas Javier , Burdick Marie D , Phillips Roderick J , Thomas George V , Reckamp Karen , Belperio John A , Strieter Robert M 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by organ-specific metastases. The chemokine stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 have been suggested to regulate organ-specific metastasis in various other cancers. On this basis, we hypothesized that the biological axis of CXCL12 via interaction with its receptor, CXCR4, is a major mechanism for RCC metastasis. We demonstrated that CXCR4 was significantly expressed on circulating cytokeratin+ RCC cells from patients with known metastatic RCC. We detected up-regulation of CXCR4 mRNA and protein levels on a human RCC cell line by either knockdown of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, or incubating the cells under hypoxic conditions. The enhanced CXCR4 expression was mediated through the interaction of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) with the promoter region of the CXCR4 gene. Furthermore, the expression of CXCR4 on human RCC directly correlated with their metastatic ability in vivo in both heterotopic and orthotopic SCID mouse models of human RCC. Neutralization of CXCL12 in SCID mice abrogated metastasis of RCC to target organs expressing high levels of CXCL12; without altering tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, or tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, our data suggest that the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis plays an important role in regulating the organ-specific metastasis of RCC.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent neutrophil chemotaxis toward PR-39 cathelicidin
Authors: Djanani Angela , Mosheimer Birgit , Kaneider Nicole C , Ross Christopher R , Ricevuti Giovanni , Patsch Josef R , Wiedermann Christian J 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Cathelicidins are mammalian proteins containing a C-terminal cationic antimicrobial domain. Porcine PR-39 cathelicidin affects leukocyte biology. Mechanisms of action may involve alteration of heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent functions in inflammatory cells. It was tested whether PR-39 affects human neutrophil migration and if such effects involve heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Neutrophils were from forearm venous blood of healthy donors. Migration was tested in modified Boyden chamber assays. Involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans was tested by their chemical modification and by the use of specific antibodies. PR-39 induced migration in neutrophils in a concentration dependent manner. Modification of heparan sulfate proteoglycans with sodium chlorate inhibited migration whereas chemotaxis toward the chemoattractant formyl-Met-Leu-Phe was not affected. Removal of heparan sulfates or chondroitin sulfates from the surface of neutrophils by heparinase or chondroitinase inhibited migration toward PR-39. In conclusion, antimicrobial PR-39 stimulates human neutrophil chemotaxis in a heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent manner. Involvment of syndecans is likely as both heparinase and chondroitinase were abrogating. Data suggest active participation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans of neutrophils in cathelicidin peptide-mediated regulation of the antimicrobial host defense.
The effects of incomplete protein interaction data on structural and evolutionary inferences
Authors: de Silva Eric , Thorne Thomas , Ingram Piers , Agrafioti Ino , Swire Jonathan , Wiuf Carsten , Stumpf Michael PH 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background

Present protein interaction network data sets include only interactions among subsets of the proteins in an organism. Previously this has been ignored, but in principle any global network analysis that only looks at partial data may be biased. Here we demonstrate the need to consider network sampling properties explicitly and from the outset in any analysis.

Results

Here we study how properties of the yeast protein interaction network are affected by random and non-random sampling schemes using a range of different network statistics. Effects are shown to be independent of the inherent noise in protein interaction data. The effects of the incomplete nature of network data become very noticeable, especially for so-called network motifs. We also consider the effect of incomplete network data on functional and evolutionary inferences.

Conclusion

Crucially, when only small, partial network data sets are considered, bias is virtually inevitable. Given the scope of effects considered here, previous analyses may have to be carefully reassessed: ignoring the fact that present network data are incomplete will severely affect our ability to understand biological systems.
Causes of death and determinants of outcome in critically ill patients
Authors: Mayr Viktoria D , Dünser Martin W , Greil Veronika , Jochberger Stefan , Luckner Günter , Ulmer Hanno , Friesenecker Barbara E , Takala Jukka , Hasibeder Walter R 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Whereas most studies focus on laboratory and clinical research, little is known about the causes of death and risk factors for death in critically ill patients.

Methods
Three thousand seven hundred patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit (ICU) were prospectively evaluated. Study endpoints were to evaluate causes of death and risk factors for death in the ICU, in the hospital after discharge from ICU, and within one year after ICU admission. Causes of death in the ICU were defined according to standard ICU practice, whereas deaths in the hospital and at one year were defined and grouped according to the ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) score. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were separately calculated to identify independent risk factors for death during the given time periods.

Results
Acute, refractory multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was the most frequent cause of death in the ICU (47%), and central nervous system failure (relative risk [RR] 16.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3 to 31.4, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular failure (RR 11.83, 95% CI 5.2 to 27.1, p < 0.001) were the two most important risk factors for death in the ICU. Malignant tumour disease and exacerbation of chronic cardiovascular disease were the most frequent causes of death in the hospital (31.3% and 19.4%, respectively) and at one year (33.2% and 16.1%, respectively).

Conclusion
In this primarily surgical critically ill patient population, acute or chronic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome prevailed over single-organ failure or unexpected cardiac arrest as a cause of death in the ICU. Malignant tumour disease and chronic cardiovascular disease were the most important causes of death after ICU discharge.
Annotated Bibliography on the Teaching of Psychology: 2005
Authors: Johnson David E. , Schroder Simone I. 
Published: November 2006

This bibliography is a continuation of those previously published in Teaching of Psychology (e.g., Berry & Daniel, 1984; Fulkerson & Wise, 1987; Johnson & Schroder, 1997; Wise & Fulkerson, 1996). We maintained similar search methods and criteria for inclusion that were used in previous bibliographies. We also continued the cumulative numbering of the items. To help the reader locate relevant articles, we arranged items into a small number of subject categories. Generally, if fewer than 3 items fell into a specific subject category, we relegated them to a category labeled miscellaneous.
Transgelin Functions as a Suppressor via Inhibition of ARA54-Enhanced Androgen Receptor Transactivation and Prostate Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Yang Zhiming , Chang Yu-Jia , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Ni Jing , Niu Yuanjie , Chen Zhaodian , Chen Yuh-Ling , Yao Jorge L. , di Sant’Agnese P. Anthony , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) requires coregulators for its optimal function. However, whether AR coregulators further need interacting protein(s) for their proper function remains unclear. Here we describe transgelin as the first ARA54-associated negative modulator for AR. Transgelin suppressed ARA54-enhanced AR function in ARA54-positive, but not in ARA54-negative, cells. Transgelin suppressed AR transactivation via interruption of ARA54 homodimerization and AR-ARA54 heterodimerization, resulting in the cytoplasmic retention of AR and ARA54. Stable transfection of transgelin in LNCaP cells suppressed AR-mediated cell growth and prostate-specific antigen expression, whereas this suppressive effect was abolished by the addition of ARA54-small interfering RNA. Results from tissue surveys showing decreased expression of transgelin in prostate cancer specimens further strengthened the suppressor role of transgelin. Our findings reveal the novel mechanisms of how transgelin functions as a suppressor to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. They also demonstrate that AR coregulators, like ARA54, might have dual in vivo roles functioning as both a direct coactivator and as an indirect mediator in AR function. The finding that a protein can modulate AR function without direct interaction with AR might provide a new therapeutic approach, with fewer side effects, to battle prostate cancer by targeting AR indirectly.
An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Heuristic for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Ropke Stefan , Pisinger David 
Published: November 2006

The pickup and delivery problem with time windows is the problem of serving a number of transportation requests using a limited amount of vehicles. Each request involves moving a number of goods from a pickup location to a delivery location. Our task is to construct routes that visit all locations such that corresponding pickups and deliveries are placed on the same route, and such that a pickup is performed before the corresponding delivery. The routes must also satisfy time window and capacity constraints. This paper presents a heuristic for the problem based on an extension of the large neighborhood search heuristic previously suggested for solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows. The proposed heuristic is composed of a number of competing subheuristics that are used with a frequency corresponding to their historic performance. This general framework is denoted adaptive large neighborhood search. The heuristic is tested on more than 350 benchmark instances with up to 500 requests. It is able to improve the best known solutions from the literature for more than 50% of the problems. The computational experiments indicate that it is advantageous to use several competing subheuristics instead of just one. We believe that the proposed heuristic is very robust and is able to adapt to various instance characteristics.
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Multiplex Genotyping of CYP2B6 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Blievernicht Julia K , Schaeffeler Elke , Klein Kathrin , Eichelbaum Michel , Schwab Matthias , Zanger Ulrich M 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground: CYP2B6 is a highly variable and polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme involved in the biotransformation of an increasing number of drugs, including cyclophosphamide, bupropion, and the nonnucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz. Several nonsynonymous and promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP2B6 gene are associated with altered hepatic expression and function, which affect drug plasma concentrations.Methods: We used multiplex PCR to amplify relevant gene fragments while avoiding amplification of the CYP2B7P1 pseudogene. Polymorphic sites were analyzed by allele-specific primer extension followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Method evaluation was performed on a panel of 287 genomic DNA samples previously genotyped by other methods.Results: Five multiplex assays were developed, comprising the following 15 SNPs: −82T→C (*22); 86G→C (R29T, *17); 136A→G (M46V, *11); 296G→A (G99E, *12); 415A→G (K139E, *8, *13); 419G→A (R140Q, *14); 516G→T (Q172H, *6, *7, *9, *13, *19, *20), 547G→A (V183I); 769G→A (D257N); 785A→G (K262R, *4, *6, *7, *13, *16, *19, *20); 983T→C (I328T, *16, *18); 1006C→T (R336C, *19); 1172T→A (I391N, *15); 1282C→A (P428T, *21); 1459C→T (R487C, *5, *7). In 9 DNA samples showing discrepant genotypes, correctness of the MALDI-TOF MS result was confirmed by direct sequencing.Conclusions: This genotyping method enabled sensitive, specific, accurate, and comprehensive determination of 15 relevant SNPs of CYP2B6. The assay design allows analysis of SNP subsets, incorporation of additional SNPs, and performance of high-throughput genotyping.
Hypoxia and lipid signaling
Authors: Huwiler Andrea , Pfeilschifter Josef 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSufficient oxygen supply is crucial for the development and physiology of mammalian cells and tissues. When simple diffusion of oxygen becomes inadequate to provide the necessary flow of substrate, evolution has provided cells with tools to detect and respond to hypoxia by upregulating the expression of specific genes, which allows an adaptation to hypoxia-induced stress conditions. The modulation of cell signaling by hypoxia is an emerging area of research that provides insight into the orchestration of cell adaptation to a changing environment. Cell signaling and adaptation processes are often accompanied by rapid and/or chronic remodeling of membrane lipids by activated lipases. This review highlights the bi-directional relation between hypoxia and lipid signaling mechanisms.
Human RBM28 protein is a specific nucleolar component of the spliceosomal snRNPs
Authors: Damianov Andrey , Kann Michael , Lane William S. , Bindereif Albrecht 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) involves organized translocations between the cytoplasm and certain nuclear domains, such as Cajal bodies and nucleoli. Here we identify human RBM28 protein as a novel snRNP component, based on affinity selection of U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As shown by immunofluorescence, RBM28 is a nucleolar protein. Anti-RBM28 immunoprecipitation from HeLa cell lysates revealed that this protein specifically associates with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs. Our data provide the first evidence that RBM28 is a common nucleolar component of the spliceosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes, possibly coordinating their transition through the nucleolus.
Concise Review: Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson Disease Based on the Modulation of Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Geraerts Martine , Krylyshkina Olga , Debyser Zeger , Baekelandt Veerle 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. To date, treatment strategies are mainly symptomatic and aimed at increasing dopamine levels in the degenerating nigrostriatal system. Hope rests upon the development of effective neurorestorative or neuroregenerative therapies based on gene and stem cell therapy or a combination of both. The results of experimental therapies based on transplanting exogenous dopamine-rich fetal cells or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression into the brain of Parkinson disease patients encourage future cell- and gene-based strategies. The endogenous neural stem cells of the adult brain provide an alternative and attractive cell source for neuroregeneration. Prior to designing endogenous stem cell therapies, the possible impact of PD on adult neuronal stem cell pools and their neurogenic potential must be investigated. We review the experimental data obtained in animal models or based on analysis of patients' brains prior to describing different treatment strategies. Strategies aimed at enhancing neuronal stem cell proliferation and/or differentiation in the striatum or the substantia nigra will have to be compared in animal models and selected prior to clinical studies.
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ag Nanowire Polarizing Glass
Authors: Wang Q.‐Q. , Han J.‐B. , Gong H.‐M. , Chen D.‐J. , Zhao X.‐J. , Feng J.‐Y. , Ren J.‐J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn R2O–B2O3–SiO2 (R = Li, Na, K) polarizing glass containing Ag nanorods is prepared by thermal elongation–reduction technology. The transverse and longitudinal plasmon absorption peaks of the embedded Ag nanorods are near 460 and 720 nm, respectively. When the polarization of the laser is parallel to the long axis of the Ag nanorods, the nonlinear absorption coefficient β = 0.82 cm GW–1 and the nonlinear refractive index n2 = –1.5 × 10–4 cm2 GW–1. When the polarization of light is perpendicular to the long axis of the Ag nanorods β = 0.12 cm GW–1 and n2 = –7.2 × 10–5 cm2 GW–1 and the appropriate one‐ and two‐photon figures of merit (FOM), W = 1.6 and T = 0.16, respectively, are obtained, which satisfies the demand, W > 1 and T < 1, for applications in all optical switching, where W is a one‐photon FOM, and T is a two‐photon FOM.
Flow ‐ induced dilation of cohesive granular materials
Authors: Faqih AbdulMobeen , Chaudhuri Bodhisattwa , Muzzio Fernando J. , Tomassone M. Silvina , Alexander Albert , Hammond Steve 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDynamic (flow — induced) expansion (dilation) of fine powders inside a rotating drum is investigated. Most previous work on powder dilation is based on two‐phase effects, where the presence of air either drives the flow (fluidized bed), or air needs to be displaced for the powder to flow (hoppers). Experimental results show that for many common powders the bed dilates visibly up to 25%, depending on powder composition, particle size, and the rotation speed of the drum. Discrete element simulations were performed in parallel for various values of powder cohesion, rotation rates, and drum size. Results show qualitative agreement between experiments and simulations. In experiments, after the initial transient behavior, the density reached at equilibrium for all materials tested is lower than the static “bulk density” reported in the literature. In both experiments and simulations, increase in powder cohesion enhances dilation. DEM simulations are used to analyze local density fluctuations and coordination numbers, which decrease with increasing cohesion. As cohesive forces become dominant, large pores are formed in the bed, leading to substantial fluctuations in local (micro) density that can have tremendous consequences for product uniformity and quality. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Sicherung der gemauerten Kreuzgewölbe im Querhaus der Kirche des Klosters Unser Lieben Frauen in Magdeburg
Authors: Marzahn Gero , Jahnel Rüdiger , Köhler Michael , Tue Nguyen Viet 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDas mittelalterliche Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen in Magdeburg gehört zu den bedeutendsten romanischen Klosteranlagen in Deutschland und ist heute Heimstatt des Kunstmuseums der Landeshauptstadt. Im Jahre 1977 erfolgte die Einweihung der ehemaligen Klosterkirche als Konzerthalle “Georg Philipp Telemann”, welche durch ihre ansprechende Aura als Konzertstätte bekannt und begehrt ist.In den letzten Jahren führten offensichtliche Schäden, wahrscheinlich Spätfolgen des 2. Weltkriegs, zu einer eingeschränkten Nutzungsfähigkeit des Querhauses. Eingeleitete Untersuchungen, bei denen die Schäden dokumentiert und eingehender untersucht wurden, ließen Zweifel an der Standsicherheit der Gewölbe aufkommen. Zur Klärung der aufgeworfenen Fragen war eine Untersuchung der tatsächlichen Tragwirkung der gemauerten Kreuzgewölbe erforderlich, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird.
Analytische Berechnung von Voutenstäben nach Theorie II. Ordnung unter Berücksichtigung der M‐ und Q‐Verformungen
Authors: Aminbaghai Mehdi , Binder René 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Übertragungsbeziehung des Einzelstabes mit linear veränderlicher Höhe nach Theorie II. Ordnung unter der Berücksichtigung der Momenten‐ und Querkraftverformung hergeleitet. Es wird sowohl die durch die Querkraft zusätzlich hervorgerufene Verkrümmung, als auch die durch das Moment zusätzlich hervorgerufene Schubverzerrung berücksichtigt. Die ermittelten Formeln können anschließend nach der Kombination mit den Längsanteilen aus [1] die Grundlage für baustatische Verfahren wie das Reduktionsverfahren und das Verschiebungsgrößenverfahren bilden.
Mechanical thrombectomy options in complex percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Kelly Robert V. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Stouffer, George A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPercutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of thrombus‐containing lesions are associated with an increased risk of acute complications and poorer long term vessel patency. Dealing with these vessels provides many technical challenges, especially with the significant risk of coronary no reflow and distal embolization. Pharmacological strategies, including intravenous and intracoronary glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors reduce intracoronary thrombus propagation, improve TIMI flow and are associated with a reduction in adverse event rates. Mechanical strategies (particularly embolic protection and thrombectomy catheters) help to improve coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion. However, their impact on clinical outcomes is less clear. The use of embolic protection devices is associated with better perfusion, blood flow, and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing saphenous vein graft (SVG) PCI. However, the role for these devices in primary PCI and native coronary artery interventions is uncertain. This study examines the current approaches to manage thrombotic lesions during PCI and reviews the evidence in support of the different mechanical thrombectomy options that are available to the interventional cardiologist. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.