bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocopying and copyright: attitudes to licensing
Authors: O'Callaghan M.C. , Eisenschitz T.S. 
Published: March 2007

The present law of copyright concerning photocopying is summarised The licensing scheme proposed by the Copyright Licensing Agency is outlined and a case study is described to determine users' attitudes to such a licence. The educational sector has shown willingness to negotiate with the CLA for better terms but industrial organisations seem to prefer to wait until the law is changed They see negotiating with the CLA as implying recognition of their interpretation of the present law. Only Local Education Authorities have negotiated a tem porary CLA licence, and further assessment must await their evaluation of the one year trial.
Personal transferable skills for the modern information professional: a discussion paper
Authors: Gash Sarah , Reardon Denis F. 
Published: March 2007

Personal transferable skills are defined by authors as essen tial work skills which are not subject-specific and which, once learned, may be transferred to and applied in many different contexts. Employers require these skills in their graduate re cruits but consider that graduates are generally wanting in this respect. The importance of transferable skills to the role and functions of an information professional is such that lack of, or weakness in, such skills is certainly one factor in the success or otherwise of information graduates in the job market. Personal transferable skills of particular importance to the information professions are identified and communication skills certainly rank as most important. Some causes of the mis-match between current products of higher education and the require ments of employers are considered from both viewpoints. Skills are demonstrably so important to the information professions that Library and Information Studies departments must give them more emphasis. The question of the teaching of these skills is addressed and it is concluded that academics should take skills teaching far more seriously, paying attention to the views of the employers and the professional institutions.
Database of research structures in public and private institutions in the south of Italy
Authors: Bianchi G. , Brandi M.C. , Scarda A.M. 
Published: March 2007

The development of the research project "The scientific system in Southern Italy" of the National Research Council has required a series of studies aimed at enhancing the knowl edge and analysis of specific problems of southern Italy (Mez zogiorno). The methodology of a specific inquiry about the structure and the research activities of the institutions operat ing in the Mezzogiorno is presented. The project included setting up a database with a conceptual schema which concerns structures, activities and ongoing research projects in public and private institutions in the Mezzogiorno, that can be con sidered as necessary infrastructure, in order to know the geo graphical distribution of the existing deficiencies and the more advanced areas in science and technology. The prototype of the database includes all public and private institutions carry ing out R&D activities but does not yet include academic structures. It also contains information and data on related activities such as training courses, scientific information and documentation activities. The need to choose a formal data model which will allow the correct execution of the design of the complex conceptual schema has been resolved by the adoption of the second generation formal model Entity Relationship. This model, be sides being the object of much research in the academic world, has been widely used in industrial applications also because it is highly functional as a "common language" for end-users and analysts in the description of requirements and solutions. The main characteristics of the tool used to develop the database, ADEPT (Application Design with Entity Relationship Program ming Techniques) are explained. Examples of basic informa tion on research units and the main menus for database queries are given.
Organization-Environment Isomorphism, Rejection, and Substitution in Brazilian Protestantism
Authors: Nelson Reed E. 
Published: March 2007

Mainline organization theory generally presumes that organizations tend toward ever greater 'fit' or isomorphism with their environments. Much of current organization theory also stresses the rational-legal bases of organization at the expense of charismatic and traditional authority. This paper posits two nonisomorphic responses to the environment—rejection and substitution—and analyzes their dynamics in bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic protestant churches in 200 Brazilian communities.
Organizational Change: Towards a New East— West Comparison
Authors: Grancelli Bruno 
Published: March 2007

This paper contains some ideas intended to contribute to a rethinking of East— West comparative organizational research after the collapse of the Soviet-type economies. These ideas are presented in the first section and, in essence, they amount to a further elaboration of some points of complementarity between organizational economic and institutional theory which have emerged in recent debates in the West. In the second section, a reassessment of two East-West comparative frame works is proposed with the aim of highlighting two basic shortcomings. The first, common in the past, was that of exploring workers' behaviour through a 'workerist' perspective, the second, common today, is that of focusing on strategic management while neglecting what is happening on the shop-floor. In the concluding section, a new comparative framework is discussed which tries to address in an integrated manner the issues of efficient management, bureaucracy and entrepreneurship. This framework is informed by a modernist perspective which remains the most suited for an assessment of the legacy of 'fake modernity' left by state socialism, but also present in Western countries.
Research Note: Business Environment and Corporate Culture in Venezuela
Authors: Berlin Margalit 
Published: March 2007

The research reported here studies the relation between the corporate culture of an American multinational company and the business environment in Venezuela. This multinational financial service corporation enjoys and tries to maintain, at all costs, excellent worldwide prestige. In order to ensure this, the corpora tion'imposes strict supervision, following orders that come from headquarters located in the United States. It offers continuous training to managers, both abroad and locally, through courses given by international staff members who travel from headquarters or other countries where they have acquired experi ence that can also be useful in Venezuela. The special contribution of this research is to show how, in the Latin American entrepreneurial context, corpor ate culture is useful in counteracting local business practices which act as obstacles to the fulfilment of corporate values. At the same time, this local entrepreneurial context makes it very difficut for managers to adapt to a corpor ate culture for an unlimited period of time. As managers grow older and their individual circumstances change, they no longer adapt to corporate goals because the firm cannot offer them the possibility of fulfilling their needs and professional goals. At that point, it is the local business environment that offers managers the chance to advance professionally.
hannah arendt: existential phenomenology and political freedom
Authors: Allen Wayne F. 
Published: March 2007

This paper has three purposes: first, to explicate the ex istential basis of Arendt's theory of action. This will be done by first tracing the intellectual derivation of Arendt's existentialism and the modifications she made to fit it in to her public realm. Second, I will demonstrate the con nection between Arendt's existentialism and her formula tion of political freedom. Third, I will illustrate throughout that Arendt's political ideas, if they are to be properly understood, must be subsumed under her existentialism . Part I treats Arendt's effort to find a home for the in dividual Human Being by attacking the modern tendency to make freedom an inner domain of the mind and refuge from the outside world. We will see how she uses the ideas of Heidegger and Jaspers to counter the Being of Kant and the philosophy of Mill and Augustine. Part II demonstrates her effort to make freedom a world reality and counter to the forces of totalitarianism: the modern enchantment with totality and an inexorable history. She attacks the Will, consciousness, Being, and the historical process itself. Finding no suitable conceptualization of freedom which makes it political by giving it a public space, Arendt turns finally to Jaspers' communicative existentialism and Duns Scotus' emphasis on contingency.
Aesthetics and Education: An ill-matched couple?
Authors: Sundin Bertil 
Published: March 2007

Not too long ago the concept of aesthetics was restricted to the fine arts. The cleavage between ‘high’ (or ‘fine’) and ‘low’ (or ‘popular’) culture was obvious, as was the gulf between on the one hand, verbalised aesthetic values within the cultural establishment, and on the other hand popular taste and implicit/acted out ‘aesthetic’ preferences within most youth cultures. Since then we have seen and heard frequent rapprochements and mixings of ‘serious’ and ‘popular’ art forms. The concept of aesthetics has broadened, as it is dependent on societal changes and on our definitions of culture and art. If the concept once ‘belonged’ exclusively to philosophers and art scholars, today authors from various disciplines write about the subject, sometimes so far from the fine arts as the aesthetics of soccer and other sport games, body aesthetics (tatooing, piercing etc) and (mostly spelled without an ‘a’), esthetic surgery or dentistry. Some attempts to discuss the concept and its definitions might therefore be appropriate in this current issue of IJME.
An investigation of undergraduate music education curriculum content in primary teacher education programmes in Australia
Authors: Temmerman Nita 
Published: March 2007

Primary school music experiences have been shown to impact not only on future adult attitudes to, but also interest and participation in music. Unfortunately, the current policy and practice of music in primary schools is still perceived to be unsatisfactory. According to teachers this can be attributed in the main to their undergraduate university training in music education. Music educators have a key role to play in breaking the apparent current cycle of unsatisfactory (or no) music practice at the primary school level. This paper investigates what curriculum content is currently included in compulsory undergraduate university music education programmes. It asks teacher educators, in light of recent research, to reflect critically on the adequacy of their current curriculum to prepare beginning teachers to teach primary school music.
Learning together through research method
Authors: Tafuri Johannella 
Published: March 2007

Learning is one of the most studied subjects and among several definitions, one of the most widely accepted is &… acquired and relatively stable modifications of behaviou’. We would like to widen this perspective considering educational situations in which the interaction occurs between several behaviours. Teachers can use different methods according to their own point of view about the essence of the teaching/learning process: if they are convinced of the importance of promoting co-operation, solidarity and mutual help between individuals, research, particularly group research, can be one of the most suitable methods. Communicating a research spirit lets everyone participate critically in the production of knowledge and allows the acquisition of research instruments. This will be useful in future both for individuals and for a more humane community.
Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and latent inhibition in the rat following microinjections of a 5 -HT1B agonist into the dorsal subiculum: implications for schizophrenia
Authors: Boulenguez P. , Peters S.L. , Mitchell S.N. , Chauveau J. , Gray J.A. , Joseph M.H. 
Published: March 2007

Microinjection of a serotonergic 5-HT1B agonist (S-CM-GTNH2, 3μg/l) into the dorsal subiculum (DS) induced long-lasting increases in dopamine (DA; +58%), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; +15%) and homovanillic acid (HVA; +31%), without changing extracellular levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), measured by microdialysis in freely moving rats in the shell area of the nucleus accumbens (n. acc). Perfusion of a glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK 801, dizocilpine, 10μM) through the dialysis probe in the n. acc induced similar long-lasting increases in DA and DOPAC, whereas the glutamate-quisqualate/kainate receptor antagonist (CNQX, 50 μM) had no effect. In the presence of dizocilpine in the n. acc, microinjection of S-CM-GTNH2 into the DS could still increase DOPAC and HVA, but DA levels were not further changed, whereas in the presence of CNQX, microinjection of S-CM-GTNH2 into the DS still increased not only DOPAC and HVA, but also DA levels in a way similar to that in the absence of glutamate antagonist. Therefore, activation of 5-HT1B receptors located in the DS increases the release of DA in the n. acc, presumably via the glutamatergic projection to this structure and acting through NMDA receptors in it. This implies either the suppression of a tonic indirect inhibitory influence and/or stimulation of a phasic excitatory effect of glutamate. Disruption of latent inhibition (LI) has been suggested as a model for a cognitive deficit in schizophrenia (hyperattention to irrelevant stimuli) and is usually associated with an increase in DA release in the n. acc. However, s.c. injection of RU 24 969 (0.5 mg/kg), a mixed 5-HT1A-5-HT1B agonist, which was previously shown to increase DA release in the n. acc, left LI unchanged. Moreover, bilateral microinjections of S-CM-GTNH2 into the rat DS tended to potentiate LI, in spite of the increase in DA in n. acc demonstrated here. It is concluded that not all increases in DA release in the n. acc are functionally equivalent. Sensitization of receptors or impulse- dependent increase in DA release might be necessary to disrupt LI. The possible role of altered serotonergic transmission, through h5-HT1B receptors (human homologue of the rat 5-HT 1B receptors) located in the DS, in acute schizophrenia needs to be further investigated.
A Dialysis Need-Forecasting Model
Authors: Pliskin Joseph S. , Tell Eileen J. 
Published: March 2007

A model to forecast the need for dialysis beds, currently used by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH), is evaluated after ten years of availability and two years of formal use. The model was originally developed in 1972 to accommo date some informal planning needs of dialysis providers in Massachusetts. In 1978 the model was formally adopted by the DPH for its end stage renal disease planning. The model was designed to be and proved to be flexible in accommodating parameters and inputs specific to a given region, changes due to medical and techno logical innovations, and the acquisition of new data. This paper evaluates the model in terms of its accuracy, its financial impact, and the impact it has had on the allocation of dialysis resources in Massachusetts. The usefulness of the model as a planning tool is evaluated along several criteria. Two case studies are presented to illustrate how the model has been used to evaluate requests for dialysis facility development or expansion. (Med Decis Making 3:489-500, 1983)
Exploding the Limits: Form and Function in Psalm 22
Authors: Davis Ellen F. 
Published: March 2007

The aim of this study is to show how the methods of form criticism and rhetorical criticism can be utilized for theological interpretation of a particular psalm (Psalm 22), and further, how attention to the function of poetic language complements and deepens insights to which formal analysis points. While both the 'complaint' and the 'vow of praise' sections far exceed the proportions usual in an individual lament, the essential integrity of the psalm's form is indicated by the fact that a single theme—the possibility of and conditions for rendering praise to God—is maintained throughout. An exegetical section suggests that (1), in the present context, the so-called 'confession of trust' serves less as an affirmation of faith and more as an expression of how completely the old mythos of salvation has broken down; (2) the 'eschatolo gical character' of the vow of praise (often taken to be a sign of the psalm's lateness) evidences a shift occurring, not primarily in the cognitive domain, but within lan guage itself—this is an instance of the creative or 'resymbolizing' (P. Ricoeur) capacity of poetic language, which precedes exploration through discursive language. A final section considers a further process of resymbolization, namely that involved in the evangelists' use of this psalm, and suggests how attention to the psalm's form and language lays down guidelines for a Christian understanding of faithful suffering.
From IFLA's President
Authors: Wedgeworth Robert 
Published: March 2007

The news section of IFLA Journal contains information about IFLA and its activities, and other "international" news. National information is only disseminated if it has international relevance. Attention is drawn to the fact that members are free to translate and/or duplicate any part of this news section, without copyright implications. IFLA, indeed, urges members to disseminate the IFLA news in their country and region. A statement of the source of information would be appreciated.
The semic matrices of meaning
Authors: Guiraud Pierre 
Published: March 2007

The possibility of a quantitative approach to the problem of sense outlined in the following article, is one which has been suggested innu merable times in those sciences which are based on a model of the sign (e.g., linguistics and logic) . The controversy between partisans of the quanti tative or statistical method and those who accept the qualitative or semantic one remains unresolved. If the 1930's, influenced by logic, favored the first method, recent years have evinced a preference for the second. Nevertheless, the problem remains. Generative grammar eliminates the question when it proposes calculations of syntactical transformations and mathematically organizes the generation of " signified " structures as if they were "signifying " structures without ever formulating the problem of sense. Semiotics is an heir to this situation, again seriously raising the dilemma, to organize as signifiers, the signified in systems which it studies. The complementarity of the two approaches (quantitative, qualitative) is essential. One cannot overemphasize the fundamental importance of the first method, more concretely and more specifically in the realm of semiotics, that is, the importance of mathematical and logical proce dures for articulating the signifying of the corresponding signified material. M. Guiraud's text, while strictly in the realm of linguistics, is of considerable interest to semiotics because of the methodological and theo retical problems which it raises : 1) The homology of the signifier/signified. 2) The acceptance of the notion of " sense " a) as a function of a statistical factor (word frequency), b) as semic content on the one hand, and sense, in its fullest meaning, on the other, and c) as an " orientation of the word toward words, as a relationship with the semic properties which it does not possess ". Semiotics, still in its formative stages, can render more flexible the qualitative models which it has hitherto used, by these and other propo sitions of quantitative linguistics. With this article, we initiate the regular publication of studies involving the application of quantitative models, thereby working towards the rigorous axiomatization of semiotic systems. ( Editor's note.)
Encountering the Alien in the Heidegger Affair: Some Reflections in Response To Barry Hindess
Authors: Ansell-Pearson Keith 
Published: March 2007

There is a pressing need to think the Heidegger affair. There are several states of urgency, and thus the affair is not the exclusive province of the political or politics. There is an urgency of thought.1 A union of state and philosophy can make sense only if philosophy promises to be unconditionally useful to the state, that is to say, to set usefulness to the state higher than the truth. It would be splendid of course for the state if it also had truth in its pay and service; but the state itself well knows that it is part of the essence of truth that it never accepts pay or stands in anyone's service. 2
Influence of Flexible Polyurethane Foams on Upholstery Fabric-Foam Mock-ups Ignitions by Cigarettes
Authors: Ihrig A.M. , Rhyne A.L. , Spears A.W. 
Published: March 2007

Fabric and polyurethane foam are major components in most upholstered fur niture mock-up systems. Their influence on the system propensity to ignite when exposed to a lit cigarette can be estimated by means of a logistic model. The model, which estimates percent ignition, is uniquely determined by the significant physical properties of the fabric, foam and cigarette employed in the test. Varying the physical properties or weighted characteristic of one com ponent in the fabric/foam/cigarette mock-up system while holding the other two constant allows sensitivity analysis. The logistic model development rationale along with the selection criteria for the fabrics, foams and cigarettes are presented. Weight and proclivity of the fabric, and air flow of conventional polyurethane foam were found to be the major physical properties of the mock-up system substrate influencing ignition rates.
Flame Retardancy in Flexible Molded Foams for the Furniture Industry
Authors: Caggiati M. , Fangareggi A. , Solmi S. 
Published: March 2007

Furniture is globally the major field of application of poly urethane foam polymers and flame retardancy is definitely the major issue for this product-market. The challenge is not only in designing foams with better combustibility resistance to flame spread, but also to define test methods that, even if not representing the risk of stringent fire conditions, could at least be a meaningful indicator of the improvement in the foam combustibility char acteristics. Europe is now looking forward to a common standard in the nineties. At pres ent some countries, as Italy and the United Kingdom, have defined specific FR test methods and regulations for flexible polyurethane foams to be used by the furniture industry. This paper deals with flexible polyurethane foam systems especially devel oped for cold molding furniture applications meeting the above mentioned regulations. Foam flame behaviour is described, together with physical-mechanical prop erties and processing characteristics. Data are compared with those of non-FR containing polyurethane foam. Also smoke emission data were generated, in cluding the evaluation of a smoke suppressant additive. All the developed products, with the exception of the smoke modified ones, are stable and commercialized as fully formulated, ready to use, systems.