bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Personality Traits, Job Satisfaction, and Job Involvement Among Taiwanese Community Health Volunteers
Authors: Li I‐chuan , Lin Mei‐Chih , Chen Ching‐Min 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
Objective: To understand the relationship between job involvement, job satisfaction, and personality traits among health volunteers in one Taiwan community. It is not easy to retain voluntary workers as part of health programs even though they have been trained. Previous research has shown that in order to increase job involvement, volunteers must effectively fulfill their needs to achieve and obtain job satisfaction.Design and sample: Cross‐sectional design. Surveys were mailed to 317 health volunteers at community health centers in I‐lan County, northern Taiwan; 213 complete responses (67%) were received.Methods: The survey instrument included sociodemographic items and scales measuring locus of control, achievement orientation, job involvement, and job satisfaction.Results: Most respondents (94.8%) were female and their average age was 49.6 years. In terms of personality traits, most volunteers showed internal control orientation. Explainable variance for the prediction of job involvement from a combination of participation frequency, on‐job training, achievement orientation, and job satisfaction was 33.6%.Conclusions: The results suggest that there is a need to strengthen cooperative relationships among volunteers by initiating well‐planned volunteer training programs and growth groups. These should involve the empowerment concept with the aim of enhancing the volunteers' interpersonal relationships and job satisfaction.
Indicators of a Major Depressive Episode in Primary Care Patients With a Chief Complaint of Headache
Authors: Maeno Tetsuhiro , Inoue Kazuo , Yamada Kenshi , Maeno Takami , Sato Takeshi 
Published: May 2007

Objective.—To identify the indicators of major depressive episode (MDE) in primary care patients with a chief complaint of headache.Background.—MDE is very frequent among headache patients in primary care. However, primary care physicians often fail to recognize the coexistence of MDE.Methods.—A total of 177 consecutive new adult patients who visited 19 primary care clinics from January 2002 to December 2002 with a chief complaint of headache were enrolled in the study. All subjects completed a self‐report questionnaire that included questions regarding the duration and severity of their headaches, changes in headache severity, and other symptoms. The questionnaire also identified distressed high utilizers (patients who consulted different doctors for the same episode of an illness, without being referred). MDE was diagnosed using a module of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI). To identify potential indicators of depression, both univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results.—Forty‐five of 177 patients (25.4%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MDE. Univariate analysis revealed that severe headache, longer duration of headaches, multiple somatic symptoms, and being a distressed high utilizer were associated with MDE. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with headaches lasting 6 months or longer and those with multiple somatic symptoms were more likely to be suffering from MDE (adjusted odds ratios: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.7–10.6; and 3.9, 95% CI: 1.2‐8.1, respectively).Conclusions.—MDE is highly prevalent in headache patients visiting a primary care setting. Multiple somatic symptoms and longer duration (≥6 months) of headaches are particularly useful indicators of MDE.
Hypothalamic Activation in Spontaneous Migraine Attacks
Authors: Denuelle Marie , Fabre Nelly , Payoux Pierre , Chollet Francois , Geraud Gilles 
Published: May 2007

Background.— Migraine sufferers experience premonitory symptoms which suggest that primary hypothalamic dysfunction is a likely trigger of the attacks. Neuroendocrine and laboratory data also support this hypothesis. To date, positron emission tomography (PET) scans of migraine sufferers have demonstrated activation of brainstem nuclei, but not of the hypothalamus.Objective.— To record cerebral activations withH2 15OPET during spontaneous migraine without aura attacks.Methods.— We scanned 7 patients with migraine without aura (6 females and 1 male) in each of 3 situations: within 4 hours of headache onset, after headache relief by sumatriptan injection (between the fourth and the sixth hour after headache onset), and during an attack‐free period.Results.— During the headache we found not only significant activations in the midbrain and pons, but also in the hypothalamus, all persisting after headache relief by sumatriptan.Conclusion.— Hypothalamic activity, long suspected by clinical and experimental arguments as a possible trigger for migraine, is demonstrated for the first time during spontaneous attacks.
An Anthropological Study About Headache and Migraine in Native Cultures From Central and South America
Authors: Carod‐Artal Francisco Javier , Vázquez‐Cabrera Carolina 
Published: May 2007

Objective.—To describe the ritual and ethnobotanical treatments about migraine performed by shamans from several native cultures.Methods.—Anthropological field study conducted with Tzeltal Maya (Mexico), Kamayurá (Brazil), and Uru‐Chipaya (Bolivia) American Indians.Results.—Migraine is calledyaxti‐wanjol chawajby Tzeltal shamans. They wash the head of the patient with an herbal solution to treat headache. The boiled leaves of a shrub calledpayté wamal(Tagetes nelsonii) are used to relieve migraine. Migraine is called monkey's disease by Kamayurá natives. The disease is originated by the revenge of the killed monkey's spirit, striking to Kamayurá hunter on his head. It is treated with an herbal infusion applied in the eyes of the patient. Migraine is calledeskeclamixby Chipaya people, and is treated by drinking thecañahuaplant (Chenopodium palludicale) boiled with water. The patient's head may also be washed with shaman's fermented urine.Conclusions.—Cultural equivalents of migraine exist in the healing system of isolated American cultures.
24‐Hour Distribution of Migraine Attacks
Authors: Alstadhaug Karl , Salvesen Rolf , Bekkelund Svein 
Published: May 2007

Background.— It is a widespread opinion that migraine attacks arise more frequently in the morning and that circadian rhythms may be responsible for the temporal pattern in migraine. However, only one small prospective study has previously been published on this topic.Objective.— To investigate circadian variation in migraine.Method.— Eighty‐nine females in fertile age who had participated in a previous questionnaire‐based study volunteered to prospectively record in detail every migraine attack for 12 consecutive months. We reviewed all diary entries covering the period from March 2004 through April 2005, and did time‐series analysis.Results.— Fifty‐eight patients had complete recordings over the 12 months and 26 completed the diaries for 1–11 months. Three patients were excluded due to missing data and 2 patients were excluded due to chronic migraine or medication‐overuse headache. A total of 2314 attacks were experienced, in average 27.5 per patient (range 1–75). By fitting a sine curve to the data there was a harmonic trend with a peak around 13.40 and the peak/low ratio was 25.6 (95% CI: 8.3–78.6).Conclusion.— The main finding in our study is that migraine attacks tend to recur in a harmonic 24‐hour cyclic manner with a peak around the middle of the day and that there is no difference between migraine with aura and migraine without aura regarding this.
Behavioral Sleep Modification May Revert Transformed Migraine to Episodic Migraine
Authors: Calhoun Anne H. , Ford Sutapa 
Published: May 2007

Background.—Sleep problems have been linked with headaches for more than a century, but whether the headaches are the cause or the result of the disrupted sleep is unknown.Objectives.—We previously reported that nonrestorative sleep and poor sleep habits are almost universal in a referral population of women with transformed migraine (TM). Since cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in improving sleep quality in individuals with poor sleep hygiene, we designed a randomized, placebo‐controlled study to assess the impact of such treatment on TM. We hypothesized that behavioral sleep modification (BSM) would be associated with improvement in headache frequency and intensity and with reversion to episodic migraine.Methods.—Subjects were 43 women with TM referred to an academic headache center. After obtaining informed consent, patients were randomized to receive either behavioral sleep instructions or placebo behavioral instructions in addition to usual medical care. Subjects recorded headaches in standardized diaries. The first postintervention visit was scheduled at 6 weeks. At that visit, the blind was broken and all subjects received BSM instructions. A final visit was scheduled 6 weeks later.Results.—Compared to the placebo behavioral group, the BSM group reported statistically significant reduction in headache frequency [F (1, 33 = 12.42, P=.001)] and headache intensity [F(1, 33 = 14.39, P= .01)]. They were more likely to revert to episodic migraine χ2 (2, n = 43) = 7.06, P= .029. No member of the control group reverted to episodic migraine by the first postintervention visit. By the final visit, 48.5% of those who had received BSM instructions had reverted to episodic migraine.Conclusions.—In this pilot study of women with TM, we found that a targeted behavioral sleep invention was associated with improvement in headache frequency, headache index, and with reversion to episodic migraine.
Genetic Correlation Between Innate Alcohol Preference and Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Selected Mouse Lines
Authors: Barrenha Gustavo D. , Chester Julia A. 
Published: May 2007

Background:There is a high rate of co‐occurrence between anxiety and alcohol‐use disorders in humans that may arise from the inheritance of common genes that increase the risk for both psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a genetic relationship exists between innate alcohol preference and propensity to develop learned fear, using the fear‐potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm, in 2 mouse lines selectively bred for high or low alcohol preference.Methods:Alcohol‐naïve, male, and female mice from replicate pairs of lines selectively bred for high alcohol preference and low alcohol preference were randomly assigned to a fear‐conditioned or control group. Mice in the fear‐conditioned group received 20 pairings of a light stimulus and footshock; the control group received the same number of exposures to light and footshock, except that these stimuli were explicitly unpaired. During testing for FPS, acoustic stimuli were presented both in the presence and in the absence of the light stimulus.Results:In both replicate pairs of lines, mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference showed greater FPS than mice selectively bred for low alcohol preference. No sex differences in FPS were found in any line. Control groups did not show FPS.Conclusion:These findings suggest that common genes mediate both innate alcohol preference and propensity to develop learned fear in these selected mouse lines.
Targeted Nalmefene With Simple Medical Management in the Treatment of Heavy Drinkers: A Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Multicenter Study
Authors: Karhuvaara Sakari , Simojoki Kaarlo , Virta Antti , Rosberg Markus , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Nurminen Tommi , Kallio Antero , Mäkelä Rauno 
Published: May 2007

Background: Clinical studies with opioid antagonists for treatment of problem drinking have mainly been conducted in specialized alcohol treatment centers, included structured psychosocial treatment, and have focused on maintaining abstinence after a period of abstinence from alcohol.Methods: This multisite, randomized double‐blind study investigated targeted nalmefene in reducing heavy drinking. Specialized alcohol treatment centers and private general practices enrolled 403 subjects (328 men, 75 women). Subjects were instructed to take nalmefene 10 to 40 mg (n=242) or placebo (n=161) when they believed drinking to be imminent. After 28 weeks, 57 subjects from the nalmefene group continued into a 24‐week randomized withdrawal extension. Concomitant psychosocial intervention was minimal and no treatment goals were imposed. Alcohol consumption was recorded using the time‐line follow‐back method. Biochemical indicators of alcohol use were also measured.Results: The mean monthly number of heavy drinking days (HDDs) during the 12‐week period before inclusion was 15.5 (SD 6.9) in the nalmefene group and 16.2 (SD 6.9) in the placebo group. During treatment, the mean numbers of HDDs were 8.6 to 9.3 in the nalmefene group and 10.6 to 12.0 in the placebo group (p=0.0065). The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl transferase decreased in the nalmefene group compared with the placebo group (p=0.0088 and 0.0023). During the randomized withdrawal period, subjects randomized to placebo apparently returned to heavier drinking. Subjects receiving nalmefene reported more nausea, insomnia, fatigue, dizziness, and malaise than subjects on placebo.Conclusions: Nalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking, even when accompanied by minimal psychosocial support.
Resident Outcomes in Small‐House Nursing Homes: A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Initial Green House Program
Authors: Kane Rosalie A. , Lum Terry Y. , Cutler Lois J. , Degenholtz Howard B. , Yu Tzy‐Chyi 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of a small‐house nursing home model, THE GREEN HOUSE®(GH), on residents' reported outcomes and quality of care.DESIGN:Two‐year longitudinal quasi‐experimental study comparing GH residents with residents at two comparison sites using data collected at baseline and three follow‐up intervals.SETTING:Four 10‐person GHs, the sponsoring nursing home for those GHs, and a traditional nursing home with the same owner.PARTICIPANTS:All residents in the GHs (40 at any time) at baseline and three 6‐month follow‐up intervals, and 40 randomly selected residents in each of the two comparison groups.INTERVENTION:The GH alters the physical scale environment (small‐scale, private rooms and bathrooms, residential kitchen, dining room, and hearth), the staffing model for professional and certified nursing assistants, and the philosophy of care.MEASUREMENTS:Scales for 11 domains of resident quality of life, emotional well‐being, satisfaction, self‐reported health, and functional status were derived from interviews at four points in time. Quality of care was measured using indicators derived from Minimum Data Set assessments.RESULTS:Controlling for baseline characteristics (age, sex, activities of daily living, date of admission, and proxy interview status), statistically significant differences in self‐reported dimensions of quality of life favored the GHs over one or both comparison groups. The quality of care in the GHs at least equaled, and for change in functional status exceeded, the comparison nursing homes.CONCLUSION:The GH is a promising model to improve quality of life for nursing home residents, with implications for staff development and medical director roles.
Emergence of Rimantadine‐Resistant Virus Within 6 Days of Starting Rimantadine Prophylaxis with Oseltamivir Treatment of Symptomatic Cases
Authors: Drinka Paul J. , Haupt Tom 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To report on the detection of rimantadine resistance within 6 days of starting rimantadine prophylaxis.DESIGN: Observational prospective study.SETTING: Fifty‐bed nursing unit during the 2004/05 influenza season.PARTICIPANTS: All residents.INTERVENTION: Clinical monitoring for new onset of respiratory illness followed by collection of nasopharyngeal swabs for Directigen AB testing and influenza culture. After outbreak identification, rimantadine was administered as prophylaxis, whereas oseltamivir was used to treat symptomatic cases. Laboratory monitoring for the emergence of rimantadine resistance was reinitiated on the fifth day of rimantadine prophylaxis.MEASUREMENTS: Tabulation of respiratory illnesses, rapid tests and cultures yielding influenza A, and rimantadine sensitivity determination in five index isolates.RESULTS: A total of 15 symptomatic cases were identified over 8 days. Amantadine sensitivity was determined in five cases. Three initial cases were sensitive to rimantadine, whereas two cases identified after 6 days of rimantadine prophylaxis were resistant to rimantadine.CONCLUSION: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 91% of isolates collected early the following season (2005/06) were resistant to rimantadine. Rimantadine treatment is no longer recommended. This experience anticipated the new recommendations. If reemergence of sensitivity follows discontinuation of rimantadine use, using rimantadine as prophylaxis and oseltamivir for treatment of symptomatic cases might be efficacious and economical on a national scale.
Physician Communication with Family Caregivers of Long‐Term Care Residents at the End of Life
Authors: Biola Holly , Sloane Philip D. , Williams Christianna S. , Daaleman Timothy P. , Williams Sharon W. , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To assess family perceptions of communication between physicians and family caregivers of individuals who spent their last month of life in long‐term care (LTC) and to identify associations between characteristics of the family caregiver, LTC resident, facility, and physician care with these perceptions.DESIGN: Retrospective study of family caregivers of persons who died in LTC.SETTING: Thirty‐one nursing homes (NHs) and 94 residential care/assisted living (RC/AL) facilities.PARTICIPANTS: One family caregiver for each of 440 LTC residents who died (response rate 66.0%) was interviewed 6 weeks to 6 months after the death.MEASUREMENTS: Demographic and facility characteristics and seven items rating the perception of family caregivers regarding physician–family caregiver communication at the end of life, aggregated into a summary scale, Family Perception of Physician‐Family caregiver Communication (FPPFC) (Cronbach alpha=0.96).RESULTS: Almost half of respondents disagreed that they were kept informed (39.9%), received information about what to expect (49.8%), or understood the doctor (43.1%); the mean FPPFC score (1.73 on a scale from 0 to 3) was slightly above neutral. Linear mixed models showed that family caregivers reporting better FPPFC scores were more likely to have met the physician face to face and to have understood that death was imminent. Daughters and daughters‐in‐law tended to report poorer communication than other relatives, as did family caregivers of persons who died in NHs than of those who died in RC/AL facilities.CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve physician communication with families of LTC residents may be promoted using face‐to‐face meetings between the physician and family caregivers, explanation of the patient's prognosis, and timely conveyance of information about health status changes, especially when a patient is actively dying.
The Routine Electrocardiogram for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Old Age: The Leiden 85‐Plus Study
Authors: De Ruijter Wouter , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Macfarlane Peter W. , Jukema J. Wouter , Assendelft Willem J. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To explore the prognostic value of signs of prior myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) on routine electrocardiograms (ECGs) at the age of 85 with respect to mortality and changes in functional status.DESIGN: Observational, prospective cohort study with complete 6‐year follow‐up.SETTING: General population.PARTICIPANTS: A population‐based sample of 566 85‐year‐old participants (377 women, 189 men), without exclusion criteria.MEASUREMENTS: Annual ECG recording and evaluation using automated Minnesota Coding; annual assessment of functional status using validated questionnaires and tests; complete mortality data from civic and national registries.RESULTS: Participants with prior MI at the age of 85 (prevalence 9%) showed greater all‐cause mortality (relative risk (RR)=1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2–2.2) and cardiovascular mortality (RR=2.5, 95% CI=1.6–3.8) but no accelerated decline in functional status during follow‐up. Participants with AF at the age of 85 (prevalence 10%) showed greater all‐cause (RR=1.5, 95% CI=1.2–2.0) and cardiovascular (RR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3–3.0) mortality, as well as an accelerated decline in functional status during follow‐up.CONCLUSION: Very elderly people with prior MI or AF on a routine ECG have markedly greater (cardiovascular) mortality risks. In addition, AF, but not prior MI, is associated with accelerated decline in functional status. These findings suggest that older patients with occasional findings of prior MI or AF on a routine ECG should receive optimal secondary preventive therapy. Furthermore, programmatic ECG recording could be of significant value for cardiovascular risk stratification in old age and needs further exploration.
The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More by Chris Anderson
Authors: Hart Mark A. 
Published: May 2007

Books reviewed in this issue:

The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More
The Toyota Product Development System: Integrating People, Process and Technology
Product Lifecycle Management: Driving the Next Generation of Lean Thinking
Leading Project Teams: An Introduction to the Basics of Project Management and Project Team Leadership
Racial Differences in Networks: Do Neighborhood Conditions Matter?*
Authors: Small Mario Luis 
Published: May 2007

Objectives. This study examines which of five neighborhood conditions help account for racial differences in social networks.Methods. The data set is the Urban Poverty and Family Life Survey, a survey of blacks, whites, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans clustered in Chicago Census tracts, matched to 1990 Census data. I estimate HGLM models predicting five indicators of social isolation and five indicators of number of social ties as a function of race, controls, and the following neighborhood conditions: neighborhood poverty, proportion black, residential stability, ethnic heterogeneity, and population density.Results. Although initial estimates confirm the existence of racial differences in network size, most of these differences are not robust to controls for neighborhood conditions. Among the neighborhood variables, only neighborhood poverty is consistently associated with size of social networks.Conclusions. Findings suggest that while residential segregation has created conditions in which some races are more likely to live in high‐poverty neighborhoods, it is the poverty, not the racial composition, of the neighborhoods that is significantly associated with weaker social ties.