bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The control of lymphosarcoma/leukaemia and feline leukaemia virus
Authors: WEIJER K. , DAAMS J. H. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis article discusses a removal programme designed especially for catteries and so–called multiple–cat households in an effort to control lymphosarcoma/leukaemia in cats and transmission of FeLV (feline leukaemia virus).The removal programme calls for: annual testing of all stud cats; testing of all contacts of a FeLV–positive cat during the previous 2 years; testing of imported cats; and isolation of FeLV–positive cats or, if this is impossible, euthanasia. The FeLV antigen can be demonstrated in cats by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test.The results of a removal programme carried out over a 4–year period in a large Dutch cat club are discussed. The percentage of FeLV–positive catteries decreased from 11 –5% during the first half of 1974 to 21% during the latter half of 1977; during the same period the percentage of FeLV–positive cats and stud cats decreased from 4–9% and 5–9%, respectively, to 1–2% and 1–0%, respectively.It is concluded that the recommended removal programme can be carried out without difficulty and produces good results.
Osteomyelitis in the dog: microorganisms isolated and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents
Authors: HIRSH D. C. , SMITH T. M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTIn fifteen out of 17 (88%) radiographically diagnosed cases of osteomyelitis in the dog the lesion contained bacteria, the one most frequently isolated being Staphylococcus aureus. All bacteria isolated were tested to determine their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. The results of two methods of measuring susceptibilities, standard disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration, are presented.
Short–term antimicrobial therapy–a pilot compliance study using ampicillin in dogs
Authors: BOMZON L. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA short–term drug compliance study, using ampicillin in dogs, was carried out. The results indicated that three out of four owners do not follow the instructions of veterinarians relating to the oral administration of ampicillin at home. This study also showed that owners of pets wish to treat their animals according to the instructions issued by the veterinarians. The causes of non–compliance do not appear to involve factors such as the animal getting better or the owner's inability to give the antibiotic orally.
Gastric torsion in the dog—II. Nonsurgical treatment by aspiration of gastric contents during repeated rotation of the animal
Authors: FUNKQUIST B. , OBEL N. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTGastrocentesis followed by introduction of a stout gastric tube and aspiration of gastric content during repeated rotation of the animal around its long axis was attempted as a nonsurgical treatment in 30 cases of gastric torsion. One of the dogs died in the initial phase of the treatment. One dog died at exploratory laparotomy performed because of fundic necrosis. In one animal, obstruction of the cardia remained in spite of effective emptying of the stomach. This dog died at a subsequent exploratory laparotomy showing a remaining gastric torsion of about 270o. The other 27 cases survived and could be discharged in good condition. The findings at a subsequent laparotomy which was performed after recovery to produce a prophylactic gastropexy, are discussed to the extent to which they seemed to be related to the acute attack.
Gastric torsion in the dog III. Fundic gastropexy as a relapse‐preventing procedure
Authors: FUNKQUIST B. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTIn 36 dogs having recovered after nonsurgically treated gastric torsion, fundic gastropexy, including cauterization of the fundic wall before suturing, was performed 1 week to 3–5 months after the initial attack. One of the animals died of intercurrent disease and one could not be traced. Within an observation time of 1–5 months to 4–5 years (mean 18 months), no relapse occurred in the remaining 34 animals operated upon.
Multiple dermatophyte infections in a dog
Authors: WILKINSON G. T. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA case of multiple infections of the skin of a dog with Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans is reported and described. As immunodepression was suspected, an immunostimulatory course of levamisole, together with the antifungal agent, griseofulvin, was prescribed. Bone marrow depression was countered with anabolic steroids and a vitamin‐iron compound. A 10% w/v solution of etisazole (Ectimar, Bayer) was applied topically to the lesions. Complete resolution of the infection was obtained after 5 months therapy.
Distal denervating disease: a degenerative neuropathy of the distal motor axon in dogs
Authors: GRIFFITHS I. R. , DUNCAN I. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA group of ten dogs affected by an apparently identical denervating disease, is described. There was no breed or age predisposition but females were preferentially affected (70%). The rate of onset of signs was variable from a week to greater than 1 month. Quadriparesis was present to varying severities and in two dogs the head and neck could not be supported. Mastication, swallowing, respiration and bladder function were unimpaired. Pain sensation was normal, tone was usually decreased and the local limb reflexes depressed or absent. Muscle atrophy was often prominent. All cases bar one recovered but another dog was also destroyed. Electrophysiology revealed diffuse spontaneous activity in the muscles and the motor nerve conduction velocities were at the lower end of or just below the normal range. The evoked muscle potentials were reduced in amplitude. Sensory nerve potentials were normal. The pathology showed a degeneration of the distal intramuscular axons with collateral axonal sprouting. The muscle changes were typical of neurogenic atrophy. The disease has been called distal denervating disease (DDD) until the precise aetiology can be determined.
A simplified surgical approach to the last two cervical discs of the dog
Authors: FUNKQUIST BERIT , SVALASTOGA EILEW 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe conventional technique of evacuating cervical discs by the ventral ‘approach’ has been modified by the authors, meaning that all the degenerated cervical discs i.e. even the two caudal discs (C6/C7 and C7/Th1) can be evacuated at the same time. The results in sixty‐six surgical cases are reported and discussed with special reference to the prophylactic effect of cervical disc evacuation.
Bone marrow failure in a dog
Authors: WATSON A. D. J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA 7‐month old Boxer bitch with lethargy and inappetence of several days' duration was found to have pancytopenia. A bone marrow aspirate contained many lymphocytes and immature myeloid cells but few erythrocyte precursors; marrow phagocytes appeared active and megakaryocytes were immature. Circumstantial evidence suggested that the cause of marrow failure was prior administration of thiacetarsamide, an organic arsenical. Recovery was spontaneous and within four weeks the haemo‐gram was normal, except that platelet numbers were not fully restored.The bitch was examined 6 months later because of a recurrence of signs, with several syncopic episodes during the preceding week. A severe non‐regenerative anaemia was present, with absence of erythroid precursors from bone marrow. Neutrophil and platelet counts were normal. The cause of the erythrocyte aplasia was not determined. The dog was given blood transfusions, oxymetholone and prednisolone but died after one month. A post‐mortem marrow sample contained many erythroid cells, some with morphological abnormalities suggesting dyserythropoiesis.
Systemic mastocytosis in a cat: remission after splenectomy
Authors: GUERRE R. , MILLET P. , GROULADE P. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA case of systemic mastocytosis is recorded in a 12‐year old cat. After splenectomy, the mast cells disappeared from the body and normal health was regained for 7 months but the cat died during the eighth month after surgery.
Treatment of osteoarthritis of the femoro‐tibial joint of the dog by synovectomy and debridement, and repair of the ruptured anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: BRADNEY I. W. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSurgical treatment of fourteen cases of acute degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) of the femorotibial joint of dogs is described. In nine cases the arthritic disease was accompanied by a ruptured cruciate ligament. Surgery consisted of synovectomy and debridement of the stifle joint and, where appropriate, replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. During a follow‐up period varying from 3 months to three and a half years excellent results were recorded in ten of the fourteen cases.
Techniques for single and multiple peroral jejunal biopsy in the dog
Authors: BATT R. M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTJejunal mucosa has been obtained from the dog by peroral biopsy using both the paediatric and adult versions of a single biopsy capsule and a multiple biopsy system. The operation of the equipment and the biopsy procedures are detailed and the application of the techniques to the biopsy of forty‐six animals is discussed.
Polyarthritis in a young cat
Authors: WILKINSON G. T. , ROBINS G. M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA 3‐year‐old cat had polyarthritis involving both tarsal joints and the right carpal joint. The condition was associated with pyrexia and regional lymphadenopathy. The aetiology of the arthritis was not determined, but no bacterial or mycoplasmal agent could be isolated from the synovial fluid obtained from one of the affected joints. Prednisolone, administered on a reducing dosage schedule, induced lasting remission of the clinical signs.
Oral treatment of canine dirofilariasis with levamisole hydrochloride—pilot trial
Authors: ATWELL R. B. , BALDOCK C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTFour dogs with natural infestation of Dirofilaria immitis were treated for 21 days with levamisole hydrochloride at dosages of 20 mg and 10 mg/kg bodyweight. Autopsy revealed at least 50% mortality of filaria. Signs of toxicity with the higher dosage disappeared after cessation of treatment.Levamisole hydrochloride affects both circulating microfilaria (mf) (Mills & Amis, 1975) and adult filaria Dirofilaria immitis, and various dose regimes have been used with variable results, (Bradley & Alford, 1977; Garlick, 1976; Boring & Shepherd, 1974). This communication describes a pilot trial involving a 3 week oral dose schedule of levamisole hydrochloride at 20 mg and 10 mg active ingredient (ai)/kg body weight daily.
Obstetrical problems in two tortoises
Authors: HOLT P. E. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe management of two tortoises (Testudo hermanni and Testudo graeca) with retained ova is described and discussed. Caesarean delivery of the ova was successful in one case but the other tortoise died post‐operatively. Pseudomonas and Proteus spp. were cultured from an ovum in the latter case and the same Pseudomonas was recovered post‐mortem from a heart blood sample.
Steroid—receptor interaction in a canine anal adenoma
Authors: CHAISIRI N. , PIERREPOINT C. G. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAn anal adenoma from a dog has been examined for cytosol binding proteins for androgens and oestrogens. Sucrose‐density gradient analysis revealed low capacity binding moieties for testosterone with sedimentation coefficients of 2S and 8S, for 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (8S) and for oestradiol‐17β (4S and 8S). In each case it was shown that the steroids could be translocated to the nuclei and were found there to be protein‐bound. The dissociation constants for 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol‐17β were 5×1 × 10‐10M and 2×6 × 10‐10M respectively and the corresponding receptor site concentrations were 9 and 38 fmol/mg cytosol protein.The possible significance of these findings with regard to the induction and maintenance of such tumours is discussed.
Emphysematous cystitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a non‐diabetic dog
Authors: MIDDLETON DEBORAH J. , LOMAS GEOFFREY R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a case of emphysematous cystitis in a non‐diabetic dog. The organism isolated from a urine specimen was identified as the gas producing anaerobe Clostridium perfringens.
Anaesthesia for Caesarean section in the dog and cat: A review
Authors: DODMAN N. H. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTLiterature concerning anaesthesia for Caesarean section in the dog and cat is reviewed. The maternal and foetal requirements for a successful method of anaesthesia are discussed with reference to general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia, neuroleptanaesthesia and dissociative anaesthesia. A method for evaluating the technique used is described.
Scurvy as a cause of osteodystrophy
Authors: VÄÄNÄNEN MARIA , WIKMAN L. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) showed the characteristic stigmata of scurvy. The effective treatment, for both patients, was ascorbic acid. The clinical and radiographic findings and a discussion of the possible causes of hypovitaminosis C are presented.
Radiological features of intra‐nasal lesions in the dog: a review of 100 cases
Authors: GIBBS CHRISTINE , LANE J. G. , DENNY H. R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe radiological changes observed in 100 dogs with confirmed intra‐nasal disease are reviewed with particular reference to the differential features of neoplasia, destructive rhinitis and proliferative inflammatory conditions. The contribution of radiographic examination to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these disorders is discussed.
Orbital pneumatosis as an unusual complication to enucleation
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe gross accumulation of air within the orbital cavity following routine enucleation surgery in a young Pekingese dog is reported. The air had gained access to the orbit via the lower lacrimal canaliculus, and cure was effected by closing this structure with permanent suture material.
The mapleson ‘E’ circuit and controlled ventilation using an air piston in dogs
Authors: LAMPLUGH G. , JONES R. S. , SNOWDON S. L. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe use of a Mapleson ‘E’ circuit for controlled ventilation is described and its function investigated. Twelve Labrador dogs were anaesthestised and ventilated using an ‘air piston’. Fresh gas flows to attain low, normal or high arterial levels of carbon dioxide were found to be independent of minute volume, providing a relatively large tidal volume is used to minimise the ratio of anatomical dead space to tidal volume (VDanat/Vt). At normocapnia economy of fresh gas usage is demonstrated.
Mast cell sarcoma of the larynx in a dog: a case report
Authors: BEAUMONT P. R. , O'BRIEN J‐ B. , ALLEN H. L. , TUCKER J. A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAn 8‐year‐old, spayed, female miniature poodle was presented to the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital (UPVH) with signs of mild respiratory distress related to increasing laryngeal obstruction. The dog was found to have a unicentric mast cell sarcoma involving the larynx, with tumour infiltration of the tissues between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages as well as subglottic narrowing. Treatment and differential diagnosis are described.
Unusual soft tissue orthopaedic problems in the dog
Authors: BENNETT D. , CAMPBELL J. R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSingle cases of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle contracture in working sheep‐dogs are reported. Both cases showed characteristic abnormal forelimb posture and were successfully treated by complete section of the affected muscle. Three cases of anteromedial shoulder luxation with damage to the biceps brachii tendon are also described. In two of these the tendon was completely severed. The integrity of the biceps tendon is important in maintaining shoulder joint stability and should be inspected when surgical reduction of shoulder dislocations is carried out. Repair of the tendon, if severed, is important. Three cases of lameness associated with tendon displacement are considered i.e. slipping of the biceps brachii, long digital extensor and superficial digital flexor tendons. In two cases the displacement was prevented by the insertion of mattress wire sutures to form a ‘lid’ over the tendon.
A case of suspected ventricular pre‐excitation in the cat
Authors: FLECKNELL P. A. , GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. , BROWN C. M. , KELLY D. F. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe electrocardiographic findings are described in a cat with suspected ventricular pre‐excitation suggestive of the Lown‐Ganong‐Levine syndrome and their relevance to the clinical picture are discussed.
Plasma and tissue enzyme activities in the cat
Authors: NILKUMHANG PARNCHITT , THORNTON J. R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe levels of activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes, α‐hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α‐HBDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined in various tissues of six clinically normal cats. The plasma half times (T1/2) of several hepatic enzymes were also measured in three clinically normal cats.
Studies on an outbreak of intestinal coccidiosis in the dog
Authors: ODUYE O.O. , BOBADE PA. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of intestinal coccidiosis in the dog due to Isospora canis characterized by mild severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea of sudden onset, acute abdominal pain, anorexia, dehydration and relative polycythaemia is described. Although clinical recovery followed sulphonamide therapy, reinfection was common within 10 days of treatment.
A new test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog
Authors: BATT R. M. , BUSH B. M. , PETERS T. J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA new approach to the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog has been evaluated. The synthetic peptide, N‐benzoyl‐L‐tyrosyl‐p‐aminobenzoic acid, administered orally, is specifically cleaved by pancreatic chymotrypsin to release p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which is subsequently absorbed and excreted in the urine. The assay of plasma PABA or the estimation of urinary excretion over a 6‐hour period was found to give a clear differentiation between two small groups of healthy dogs and animals with pancreatic insufficiency. The absorption of orally administered sodium PABA was similar in the two groups confirming that the rate limiting process following oral peptide is hydrolysis not absorption.
Osteochondrosis of the elbow joint in young dogs
Authors: MASON T. A. , LAVELLE R. B. , SKIPPER S. C. , WRIGLEY W. R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTOsteochondrosis is a failure of the normal process of endochondral ossification. In the elbow joint there are three manifestations of osteochondrosis, namely osteochondritis dissecans of the medial condyle of the humerus, ununited coronoid process and ununited anconeal process. This paper describes a series of sixty‐eight cases diagnosed at a referral centre over a 10‐year period. Ununited coronoid process and OCD of the medial condyle are not readily diagnosed because the lesions are difficult to demonstrate radiographically, but signs of degenerative joint disease of the elbow in young dogs of the medium to large breeds is strongly suggestive. Surgical treatment is indicated and the surgical approach to the medial aspect of the joint is described.
Primary lens luxation in the dog
Authors: CURTIS R. , BARNETT K. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTPrimary lens luxation in the dog is encountered only in the terrier breeds and is typically a bilateral condition of both sexes arising in early to late middle age. The condition has recently appeared in the Tibetan Terrier and there is evidence to suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in this breed. In the majority of cases the dislocated lens passes forwards into the anterior chamber where its presence is likely to cause the development of acute glaucoma through obstruction of the pupil or filtration angle; for this reason lendectomy is the treatment of choice in such cases. Posterior luxations are less problematic but the approach to the treatment of subluxated lenses is controversial.
Primary cutaneous plasmacytomas in the dog and cat
Authors: LUCKE VANDA M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical, light microscopic and ultrastructural features of twelve cases of primary cutaneous plasmacytomas are described (11 dogs and one cat). The tumours were solitary in all but one case, tended to grow rapidly but did not recur after removal and had a predilection for the feet, lips and ear canal. Primary cutaneous plasmacytomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of round cell tumours of the canine and feline skin. They appear to be benign tumours unrelated to the malignant disease of myelomatosis.
Congenital bullous emphysema in a dog: a case report
Authors: TENNANT B. J. , HAYWOOD S. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTCongenital multilobar bullous emphysema is described in a ten‐week‐old Labrador Retriever bitch. The condition was characterized by progressive dyspnoea and cyanosis. Abdominal respiratory effort was marked but no air movement was heard on auscultation of the chest. Radiographic examination revealed multiple loculated gas densities throughout most lung lobes. The radiographic appearance and pathology are discussed, together with the possible causes.
Anaemia and leucocytosis in one hundred and twelve dogs with pyometra
Authors: DE SCHEPPER J. , VAN DER STOCK J. , CAPIAU E. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTIn a group of 112 dogs with pyometra, 31 per cent showed a normal red blood cell picture, 57 per cent non‐regenerative normocytic normochromic anaemia and 12 per cent non‐regenerative microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The non‐regenerative anaemia was absent or moderate at lower white blood cell levels and markedly present at high to extreme white blood cell counts. The degree of non‐regenerative anaemia was positively correlated with the degree of leucocytosis, neutrophilia, left shift and monocytosis. The more pronounced non‐regenerative microcytic hypochromic anaemia, indicating a more severe chronic blood loss, was usually encountered at extremely high white blood cell levels. The significance of these observations is discussed.
Two cases of IgA multiple myeloma in the dog
Authors: DAY M. J. , PENHALE W. J. , McKENNA R. P. , MILLS J. N. , PASS D. A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTClinical and laboratory findings are presented from two cases of canine IgA multiple myeloma. One of these animals presented with typical clinical and pathological changes including haematological abnormalities and skeletal lesions with secondary invasion of other organs. In contrast, the primary focus of disease in the second dog was the anterior alimentary tract and there were no skeletal changes. In this respect this second case was similar to the condition in man known as alpha chain disease. The two paraproteins differed in electrophoretic mobility.
BSAVA EDUCATION COMMITTEE COMMISSIONED ARTICLE Fever of unknown origin in dogs and cats
Authors: DUNN J. K. , GORMAN N. T. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTFever is a common, albeit, non‐specific manifestation of disease. Most fevers are due to transient viral or bacterial infections which either resolve spontaneously or with appropriate therapy. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a syndrome characterized by prolonged, unexplained fever associated with vague, non‐specific signs of illness such as lethargy, anorexia and weight loss. This paper reviews briefly the pathophysiology of fever and outlines in more detail a logical problem‐orientated approach to diagnosis of FUO in the dog and cat. The major causes of FUO are discussed under four headings; (1) localized or systemic infections, (2) immune‐mediated diseases, (3) neoplasia and (4) miscellaneous diseases.