bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skinfold Thickness of Government Primary School Children in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman Sharmin , Ara Shamim , Begum Mahamuda , Banu Masuma Akhtar 
Published: April 2024

Context: Skinfold thickness is one of the important parameter to assess nutritional status which is widely used in children. It is the common technique for estimating fat mass in children. We can also use measurement of skinfold thickness in children for clinical, research and epidemiological purposes. The present study was planned to determine difference in skinfold thickness between boys and girls of four government primary school in Dhaka city.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional analytical type of study was conducted in the department of anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2012 to December 2012. The present study was performed on 400 government primary school children. Out of 400 children, 200 were boys and 200 were girls. The study population was divided into three groups A, B, C according to age and sex of the subject. Group A include age 9+ years, group B include age 10+ years and group C include age 11+ years old children. Each group was again subdivided into A1, B1 and C1 for boys and A2, B2 and C2 for girls. The subjects of this age group were the students of class III to class V. With the help of skinfold caliper measurements were recorded.
Results: Triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf skinfold of group A2, B2 and C2 were significantly greater (P<0.001) than group A1, B1 and C1.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2015, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 41-45
Sexual Dimorphism of Index (2D) and Ring (4D) Digit Lengths and Their Ratio (2D:4D) Among Adult Bangladeshi Male
Authors: Hasan Karim Rezwan , Ara Shamim , Begum Mahamuda 
Published: April 2024

Context: Human hand is one of the most studied subjects in modern science and evolutionary biology. By virtue of evolution and genetically arrangements, digital lengths vary from person to person according to age, sex, races, occupation or even environmental influences. It has been found that the digital lengths and their ratios are not the same in different sexes or even both hands. Specially, index to ring digit lengths and their ratios which already have been proved to represent sexual dimorphism may differ in both hands of an individual. Many studies among different races have shown that index to ring digit ratio (2D:4D) 31 among female and <1.00 among male. In this study, this variation of the index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) length and their ratio (2D:4D) has been analyzed and compared in both hands among the adult male Bangladeshis.
Materials & Methods: A Cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2012 to June 2013. The study was performed on 100 male MBBS students (20-25 years of age) of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. With the help of digital vernier caliper measurements of digital lengths were recorded. Paired t- test was done for statistical analysis of the results.
Results: Significant difference has been found in the lengths of index finger (2D) and ring (4D) digits and their ratios (2D:4D) between both hands where left index finger (L2D) length was higher than right index finger (R2D) length (P<0.05) and the length of right ring finger (R4D) was significantly greater (P<0.001) than left ring finger (L4D). The right index to ring digit ratio (R2D:4D) was significantly less than left index to ring digit ratio (L2D:4D) in male (P<0.001) that indicated sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio is more prominent in the right hand in male. Also, right index to ring digit ratio (R2D:4D) was recorded <1.00 in 86% and 31 in 14% subjects and left index to ring digit ratio (L2D:4D) was recorded <1.00 in 76% and 31 in 24% of subjects.
Conclusion: Digital lengths especially index (2D) and ring (4D) digit lengths are often use to determine sexual dimorphism. Also, study over the variations of digital lengths have great medicolegal importance to determine age, sex and race of an individual.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2015, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 57-61
Dermatoglyphic Patterns of Finger Tips in the Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmed Afrose , Ara Shamim , Alom K M Monjurul , Reza Rumana , Banu Masuma Akhter 
Published: April 2024

Context: The word dermatoglyphics denotes as the scientific study of the epidermal ridge patterns of fingertips, palm and sole. There are three major classes of dermatoglyphic patterns of finger tips: loops, whorls and arches. Analysis of finger dermatoglyphic is beginning to prove itself as a useful tool for preliminary investigation in conditions with a suspected genetic basis. The genetic contribution is one of the causes of pulmonary tuberculosis. The present study on finger dermatoglyphics pattern was carried out to provide dermatoglyphic as a tool for early prediction of pulmonary tuberculosis by comparing dermatoglyphic patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with the normal healthy individuals.
Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional, analytical type of study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2012 to December 2012. The study was performed on 100 patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and 100 healthy individuals.
Results: The percentage of whorl in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than control group (P<0.001). On the other hand, in pulmonary tuberculosis patients ulnar loop, radial loop and arch were 30.4%, 0.1% and 4.9% respectively and in control group were 72.3% , 2.5% and 10.3% respectively. Ulnar loop, radial loop and arch were significantly decreased in the patients group as compared to controls.
Conclusion: In the present study the percentage of whorl was predominantly higher in the pulmonary tuberculosis patient than the control subjects.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2015, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 62-66
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCT MANAGEMENT AT BAKTI JAYA STORE
Authors: Rahman Bayu , Helmiah Fauriatun , Larasati Mustika Fitri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Toko Bakti Jaya is one of the shops in Kisaran which is engaged in selling cake and food ingredients. Currently, the store is still managing product inventory manually by recording the number of incoming goods based on order records. Stock counting is done by looking directly at the warehouse, which causes difficulties in accurately monitoring stock and risks of shortages or excess stock. These constraints can affect customer satisfaction and store operations. This study aims to improve the efficiency of product inventory management at Bakti Jaya Stores by implementing a technology-based and information-based Supply Chain Management system. The research method is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques through interviews with informants, conducting field observations, and also obtained from literature studies. This research produces a product stock management information system using Supply Chain Management that connects Bakti Jaya Stores with suppliers to maximize coordination between stores and suppliers, facilitates control of the flow of stock availability in stores, and makes it easier for store owners to make decisions related to purchasing and procuring goods by providing accurate inventory analysis and real-time product stock information. Keywords: management; stock; suppliers; supply chain management Abstrak: Toko Bakti Jaya adalah salah satu toko yang ada di Kisaran yang bergerak dalam bidang penjualan bahan kue dan makanan. Saat ini, toko tersebut masih mengelola persediaan produk secara manual dengan mencatat jumlah barang masuk berdasarkan catatan pemesanan. Penghitungan stok dilakukan dengan cara melihat langsung gudang, yang menyebabkan kesulitan dalam pengawasan stok secara akurat dan berisiko terjadi kekurangan atau kelebihan stok. Kendala tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan dan operasional toko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengelolaan persediaan produk di Toko Bakti Jaya dengan menerapkan sistem Supply Chain Management berbasis teknologi dan informasi. Metode penelitiannya ialah metode kualitatif, dengan tehnik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara kepada narasumber, melakukan observasi ke lapangan serta juga didapat dari studi literature. Penelitian ini menghasilkan Sistem Informasi pengelolaan stok produk dengan menggunakan Supply Chain Management yang menghubungkan Toko Bakti Jaya dengan para supplier dapat memaksimalkan koordinasi antara toko dengan supplier, memudahkan pengendalian aliran stok ketersediaan barang di toko serta memudahkan pemilik toko membuat keputusan terkait dengaan pembelian dan pengadaan barang dengan menyediakan analisis persediaan yang akurat dan informasi stok produk yang real time. Kata kunci: pengelolaan; stok; supplier; supply chain management
IMPLEMENTATION OF SES TECHNIQUES IN THE NEEDS FOR BROILER CHICKEN MEAT IN ASAHAN DISTRICT
Authors: Maulana Marpaung Teguh Gilang , Ramdhan William , Syahputra Abdul Karim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Asahan Regency Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service carries out outreach activities on the level of demand for boiler chicken, which means that the department must be more active in collecting data on the volume of boiler chicken every year because consumer demand for chicken continues to increase and instability often occurs. Where in the period 2012 to 2024 there was a significant increase in demand. So it becomes an obstacle in the stock of chickens in the Asahan Regency market which must be prepared. If there is too much chicken supply but the demand for chicken consumption decreases then this will result in a loss, conversely if the demand for chicken consumption increases but the chicken supply cannot be prepared then this will be a loss for chicken traders and distributors. To increase the accuracy of the estimates, the use of the Single Exponential Smoothing Method is proposed. This method smooths past values with exponential weights, placing greater emphasis on recent data. Using data from the last 12 (twelve) years as reference data for recording the past for forecasting experiments for the next 1 (one) month. Experiments using different Alphas test accuracy in actual situations. The results of the experiment with an alpha of 0.9 are almost the same as the actual value in predicting the situation one year into the future with the lowest error, namely MAPE 7.4% and forecasting broiler chicken meat supplies of 13661261.46 chickens.Keywords: broiler chicken; ses method; web based. Abstrak: Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Kabupaten Asahan melakukan aktivitas penyuluhan tingkat permintaan ayam boiler dimana pihak dinas harus lebih aktif dalam melakukan pendataan volume ayam boiler setiap tahunnya karena permintaan konsumen terhadap ayam sering terjadi ketidakstabilan. Dimana pada periode tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2024 terjadi kenaikan permintaan yangsignifikan. Sehingga menjadi kendala dalam stok ayam di pasar Kabupaten Asahan yang harus disiapkan. Jika persediaan ayam terlalu banyak namun permintaan akan konsumsi ayam menurun maka ini akan manjadi kerugian, sebaliknya jika permintaan akan konsumsi ayam meningkat namun persediaan ayam tidak dapat disiapkan maka ini menjadi kerugian bagi pihak pedagang dan distributor ayam. Untuk meningkatkan ketepatan perkiraan, penggunaan Metode Single Exponential Smoothing diusulkan. Metode ini menghaluskan nilai masa lalu dengan bobot eksponensial, memberikan penekanan lebih besar pada data terbaru. Penggunaan data 12 tahun terakhir sebagai data acuan pencatatan masa lalu untuk percobaan peramalan untuk 1 (satu) bulan kedepan. Penggunaan Alpha yang berbeda menguji akurasi dalam situasi aktual. Hasil dari penelitian dengan alpha 0,9 hampir sama dengan nilai aktual dalam meramalkan keadaan satu tahun ke depan dengan error yang paling rendah yaitu MAPE 7,4% dan peramalan persediaan daging ayam broiler sebanyak 13661261,46 ayam.Kata kunci: berbasis web; daging ayam broiler; metode ses.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KELAS UNGGULAN DI SMA NEGERI 3 MATARAM
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Haromain Haromain , Hidayati Nurul 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) bagaimana penerapan program kelas unggulan di SMAN 3 Mataram, (2) faktor pendukung kelas unggulan (3) faktor penghambat kelas unggulan (4) dan bagaimana solusi yang dapat dilakukan dalam faktor penghambat penerapan program kelas unggulan di SMA Negeri 3 Mataram. Untuk mencapai tujuan di atas, digunakan pendekatan dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, yaitu metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang didapat dianalisis selama pengumpulan data berlangsung, untuk membuat laporan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1. penerapan kelas program kelas unggulan di SMA Negeri 3 Mataram diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan aspek: input siswa, kurikulum, guru pengajar, sumber dan proses pembelajaran, lingkungan belajar, dan evaluasi 2. Faktor pendukung dalam program kelas unggulan mencakup: siswa, kurikulum, sarana prasarana, dan guru 3. Faktor penghambat dari program kelas unggulan mencakup: guru, fasilitas, siswa dengan adanya kesenjangan sosial, 4. Solusi untuk kendala yang ada dalam pelaksanaan kelas unggulan adalah: a) guru yang monoton harus bisa mengubah metode pembelajaran semenarik mungkin untuk bisa membuat siswa lebih aktif di kelas dan tidak bosan saat proses belajar. b) fasilitas guru harus bisa memaksimalkan proses program pembelajaran di dalam kelas walaupun adanya fasilitas yang kurang lengkap. c) siswa terkait dengan adanya kesenjangan sosial seharusnya memberikan sosialasi dan arahan kepada kelas unggulan dan kelas reguler supaya tidak ada pembedaan di antara kedua kelas tersebut.
Ocular surface immune transcriptome and tear cytokines in corneal infection patients
Authors: Alenezi Heba , Parnell Grant , Schibeci Stephen , Ozkan Jerome , Willcox Mark , White Andrew J. R. , Carnt Nicole 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMicrobial keratitis is one of the leading causes of blindness globally. An overactive immune response during an infection can exacerbate damage, causing corneal opacities and vision loss. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes between corneal infection patients and healthy volunteers within the cornea and conjunctiva and elucidate the contributing pathways to these conditions’ pathogenesis. Moreover, it compared the corneal and conjunctival transcriptomes in corneal-infected patients to cytokine levels in tears.MethodsCorneal and conjunctival swabs were collected from seven corneal infection patients and three healthy controls under topical anesthesia. RNA from seven corneal infection patients and three healthy volunteers were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Tear proteins were extracted from Schirmer strips via acetone precipitation from 38 cases of corneal infection and 14 healthy controls. The cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), CX3CL1, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-17A, and IL-23 were measured using an antibody bead assay.ResultsA total of 512 genes were found to be differentially expressed in infected corneas compared to healthy corneas, with 508 being upregulated and four downregulated (fold-change (FC) &lt;−2 or &gt; 2 and adjusted p &lt;0.01). For the conjunctiva, 477 were upregulated, and 3 were downregulated (FC &lt;−3 or ≥ 3 and adjusted p &lt;0.01). There was a significant overlap in cornea and conjunctiva gene expression in patients with corneal infections. The genes were predominantly associated with immune response, regulation of angiogenesis, and apoptotic signaling pathways. The most highly upregulated gene was CXCL8 (which codes for IL-8 protein). In patients with corneal infections, the concentration of IL-8 protein in tears was relatively higher in patients compared to healthy controls but did not show statistical significance.ConclusionsDuring corneal infection, many genes were upregulated, with most of them being associated with immune response, regulation of angiogenesis, and apoptotic signaling. The findings may facilitate the development of treatments for corneal infections that can dampen specific aspects of the immune response to reduce scarring and preserve sight.
High-quality development under energy constraints: an empirical study based on e-commerce demonstration zones
Authors: Guo Qian , Zhang Na 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: China is exploring methods to achieve economically intensive, green, and high-quality development. Strengthening urban green total-factor production is important for achieving high-quality economic development. Whether the construction of e-commerce demonstration zones (EDZ) can provide new opportunities for high-quality urban development under the dual constraints of energy and environment is a question worth studying.Methods: In order to verify the relationship this study using panel data from 290 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2020. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to assess the level of high-quality urban development under resource and environmental constraints. The multi-phase difference-difference method (DID) was used to analyze how the e-commerce model city creation policies significantly promoted high-quality urban economic development.Results and Discussion: This study shows that the e-commerce demonstration zone effectively promotes the high-quality development of the city. Heterogeneity tests show that the impact of electric EDZs on high-quality development can be influenced by city size and geographic location (e.g., east coast and mid-west). Based on these conclusions, this study puts forward some suggestions to enhance the attractiveness of small- and medium-sized cities, non-resource-based cities, and western cities by formulating preferential policies.
Over the hills and far away: phylogeography and demographic migration history of a dispersal-restricted primrose (Primula vulgaris)
Authors: Triest Ludwig , Van Rossum Fabienne , Sramkó Gábor , Sierens Tim , Volkova Polina 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionQuaternary glaciations, in particular the last glacial maximum (LGM), have shaped the contemporary distribution of many species. In Europe, survival of temperate species during range contractions was mainly associated with refugia in Mediterranean peninsulas, allowing south to north recolonization. Additionally, the Ponto-Caspian refugium provided an east to west migration route.MethodsHere, we investigated genetic diversity and structure of the dispersal-restricted Primula vulgaris Huds., a temperate herb of supposed Caucasian origin, using 12 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci to trace the colonization of this species in three European regions. We studied 38 populations, namely an eastern mountainous region (Caucasus), a central region (Carpathian Mountains and Dinaric Alps) and a western lowland region (North European Plain). The role of an eastern refugium of the species was tested by performing Approximate Bayesian computation analyses to elucidate its demographic and phylogeographic history, detecting bottleneck and expansion events, and estimating effective (ancestral and current) population sizes and time of divergence.Results and discussionWe found the eastern and central regions featuring the highest allelic richness and genetic differentiation being strong between and within regions. Stepwise-like mutation processes (RST &gt; FST), together with isolation-by-distance patterns, contributed to genetic differentiation. Demographic event models showed that P. vulgaris experienced bottlenecks as well as expansions across its range during the Quaternary glacial cycles, with the last expansion about 6,000, 4,000, and 2,000 generations ago for eastern, central, and western populations, respectively. The best supported origin model pointed to the Caucasus population being closest to an ancestral situation, and from where central and western populations diverged subsequently. Divergence time of the Caucasus populations from an ancestral lineage referred to the Upper Pleistocene (Middle Weichselian). Divergence of Carpathian populations, including a Lower Danube valley corridor, was estimated during and across the LGM (Late Weichselian), confirming central populations as potential secondary cryptic refugium. Western populations recently diverged during the Holocene, most probably in the Atlanticum phase (7,000–3,900 years ago). Within regions, genetic structure was also shaped by latitude, longitude, or altitudinal migration, and for western lowlands, by recent bottleneck and genetic drift processes.
Response of Alnus glutinosa to Phytophthora bark infections at ambient and elevated CO2 levels
Authors: Macháčová Markéta , Tomášková Ivana , Corcobado Tamara , Nagy Zoltan , Milanović Slobodan , Janoušek Josef , Pešková Vítězslava , Čepl Jaroslav , Gezan Salvador , Nakládal Oto , Zumr Václav , Kalyniukova Alina , Milenković Ivan , Jung Thomas 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMortality of the riparian alder population caused by Phytophthora pathogens has been studied for over 20 years throughout Europe, recently gaining more importance in the context of evident climate change. The main objective of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of species from the “Phytophthora alni complex” present in the Czech Republic (P. × alni and P. uniformis) and P. plurivora to Alnus glutinosa seedlings grown at ambient and elevated CO2 concentration.MethodsAn underbark inoculation test was performed with seedlings grown from seeds collected from two Czech alder populations, one suffering from severe Phytophthora decline and the other disease-free.ResultsThe results showed significant differences in lesion development and seedling mortality. After a 13-week experimental period, at both CO2 levels P. × alni and P. uniformis showed high aggressiveness to A. glutinosa seedlings causing lesions of variable sizes and mortality of 33.3%, and 45.8% of plants, respectively. In contrast, P. plurivora did not cause mortality to any plant, and lesion sizes did not differ significantly from those in control plants. Physiological measurements did not reveal any significant differences between Phytophthora species except for plants inoculated with P. plurivora showing increased values in specific physiological parameters 4 weeks post-inoculation. Net photosynthesis decreased over the measurement period in all treatments with significant differences found between measurements conducted 2 and 4 weeks after the inoculation. Transpiration showed a decreasing trend in all inoculated plants with no significant differences between Phytophthora species at both CO2 levels. Chemical analyses of root samples showed high variability in sugars and phenolic compounds related to the plant's health status.DiscussionThis is the first study to examine the response of alder seedlings to Phytophthora pathogens at different CO2 levels. The findings demonstrate high aggressiveness of P. × alni and P. uniformis and weaker aggressiveness of P. plurivora to alder seedlings regardless of the CO2 level.