bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WAKE UP! The effectiveness of a student response system in large packaging classes
Authors: Auras Rafael , Bix Laura 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLarge classes present many challenges in higher education. New digital technologies, such as interactive student response systems (SRSs), are promising tools for large classes. SRSs facilitate interaction between faculty members and students on an on‐going basis by allowing instructors to ask multiple‐choice, true/false and numerical questions during class and then analyse and display the student responses in real time. In general, SRSs consist of three basic components: a student input device (clicker), operating system software loaded onto the classroom computer, and an overhead projection system to display the questions asked and the distribution of student responses. SRSs have already been used in classrooms in a variety of fields; however, to our knowledge, they have not been used previously in packaging education. This article describes the introduction of an SRS in two packaging classes at the School of Packaging at Michigan State University. The SRS implementation is discussed and faculty and student comments and responses regarding the SRS are reported. The system motivated student participation and attendance for both classes: 75% of student respondents stated that the SRS motivated them to attend class; 57% of student respondents reported that the SRS enhanced their classroom experience; and 56% of the student respondents indicated that the system helped them to comprehend the material better. These numbers are supported by the vast majority of research studies, which indicate improved attendance, participation and comprehension when using SRSs for large classrooms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neighborhood Behavior: Validation of Two‐Dimensional Molecular Similarity as a Predictor of Similar Biological Activities and Docking Scores
Authors: Perekhodtsev Gleb D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have used four large datasets to determine the extent to which Two‐Dimensional (2D) structural similarity of chemical compounds predicts how similarly they bind to proteins. Structures of 1750, 1853, 1377, and 407 inhibitors for trypsin, thrombin, factor Xa (fXa), and urokinase‐type Plasminogen Activator (uPA), respectively, with their observed binding affinities were collected from various literature sources. We also obtained calculated binding affinities for the datasets using an in‐house docking program. Plots of the differences in affinity for all pairs of compounds versus their 2D similarity values were generated. All datasets with both observed and calculated affinities clearly exhibit structure–activity relationships (neighborhood behavior), though notable differences among plots are also observed. Guidelines for application of 2D similarity in structure‐based virtual screening are discussed in the context of the results obtained.
Protein profile of osteoarthritic human articular cartilage using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Garcia Benjamin A. , Platt Mark D. , Born Timothy L. , Shabanowitz Jeffrey , Marcus Norman A. , Hunt Donald F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractArticular cartilage contains both chondrocyte cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Currently, comprehensive information concerning the protein composition of human articular cartilage tissue is somewhat lacking. In this report we detail the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for a preliminary global identification of proteins from human articular knee cartilage tissue from patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Knee cartilage supernatant was fractionated using one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D‐SDS‐PAGE), in‐gel digested and peptide sequences were then determined by performing on‐line nano‐liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS experiments using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Altogether, over 100 different proteins from nearly 700 unique peptide sequences were detected by MS/MS. The majority of the proteins identified are involved in ECM organization (35%), signal transduction and cell communication (14%), immune response (11%) and metabolism and energy pathways (11%). Proteins observed included several well‐known cartilage components as well as lower abundant lesser known ECM proteins. Possible degradation products in the cartilage sample, such as from cartilage link protein, could also be detected by our mass spectrometry methods. We show here that mass spectrometry can be utilized as a tool for a fast, accurate and sensitive analysis of a complex mixture of cartilage proteins. It is believed that this type of proteomic analysis will aid future work centered on investigating the pathology of this and other related joint diseases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the elimination of water from lithium‐cationized tripeptide methyl esters by means of tandem mass spectrometry and isotope labeling
Authors: Talaty Erach R. , Cooper Travis J. , Piland Debra L. , Bateman David J. , Syed Adeel , Stevenson William , Van Stipdonk Michael J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractExtensive isotope labeling (2H, 13C and 15N), collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and multiple‐stage tandem mass spectrometry were used to investigate the elimination of H2O from a series of model, metal‐cationized tripeptide methyl esters. The present results corroborate our earlier suggestion that loss of water from lithiated peptides is initiated by a nucleophilic attack from the N‐terminal side upon an amide carbonyl carbon atom to form a five‐membered ring as an intermediate followed by 1,2‐elimination of water. We show that the nucleophilic atom is the oxygen atom of the N‐terminal amide group in the fragmentation of [AcGGGOMe+Li]+ as well as [GGGOMe+Li]+. However, the subsequent fragmentation is markedly different in the two cases as a result of the absence and presence of a free amino group. In particular, extensive scrambling of protons in the α‐positions of GGGOMe is observed, presumably as a consequence of intervention of the basic amino group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous quantification of fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization: method development, validation and application to a clinical study
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S. , Kandikere Vishwottam N. , Shukla Manoj , Mudigonda Koteshwara , Maurya Santosh , Komarneni Prashanth 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTo support the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of a once‐daily fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine combination, a high‐performance liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine was developed and validated with 500 µL human plasma using mosapride as an internal standard (IS). Following solid‐phase extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed‐phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ions,m/z502/466 for fexofenadine,m/z166/148 for pseuoephedrine andm/z422/198 for the IS. The method exhibited linear dynamic ranges of 1–500 ng/mL and 2–1000 ng/mL for fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine, respectively, in human plasma. The lower limits of quantification were 1 and 2 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 10% for fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine, respectively. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The total chromatographic run time was 2 min and more than 400 human plasma samples could be analyzed in one day by running the system overnight. The method is precise and sensitive enough for its intended purpose. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐throughput, fully automated liquid/liquid extraction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of a new investigational drug ABT‐869 and its metabolite A‐849529 in human plasma samples
Authors: Rodila Ramona C. , Kim Joseph C. , Ji Qin C. , El‐Shourbagy Tawakol A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractABT‐869 is a novel ATP‐competitive inhibitor for all the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It is one of the oncology drugs in development at Abbott Laboratories and has great potential for enhanced anti‐tumor efficacy as well as activity in a broad range of human cancers. We report here an accurate, precise and rugged liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay for the quantitative measurement of ABT‐869 and its acid metabolite A‐849529. A fully automated 96‐well liquid/liquid extraction method was achieved utilizing a Hamilton liquid handler. The only manual intervention required prior to LC/MS/MS injection is to transfer the 96‐well plate to a drying rack to dry the extracts then transfer the plate back to the Hamilton for robotic reconstitution. The linear dynamic ranges were from 1.1 to 598.8 ng/mL for ABT‐869 and from 1.1 to 605.8 ng/mL for A‐849529. The coefficient of determination (r2) for all analytes was greater than 0.9995. For the drug ABT‐869, the intra‐assay coefficient of variance (CV) was between 0.4% and 3.7% and the inter‐assay CV was between 0.9% and 2.8%. The inter‐assay mean accuracy, expressed as percent of theoretical, was between 96.8% and 102.2%. For the metabolite A‐849529, the intra‐assay CV was between 0.5% and 5.1% and the inter‐assay CV was between 0.8% and 4.9%. The inter‐assay mean accuracy, expressed as percent of theoretical, was between 96.9% and 100.6%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JSetL: a Java library for supporting declarative programming in Java
Authors: Rossi G. , Panegai E. , Poleo E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper we present a Java library—called JSetL—that offers a number of facilities to support declarative programming such as those usually found in logic or functional declarative languages: logical variables, list and set data structures (possibly partially specified), unification and constraint solving over sets, non‐determinism. The paper describes the main features of JSetL and it shows, through a number of simple examples, how these features can be exploited to support a real declarative programming style in Java. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient plagiarism detection for large code repositories
Authors: Burrows Steven , Tahaghoghi S. M. M. , Zobel Justin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUnauthorized re‐use of code by students is a widespread problem in academic institutions, and raises liability issues for industry. Manual plagiarism detection is time‐consuming, and current effective plagiarism detection approaches cannot be easily scaled to very large code repositories. While there are practical text‐based plagiarism detection systems capable of working with large collections, this is not the case for code‐based plagiarism detection. In this paper, we propose techniques for detecting plagiarism in program code using text similarity measures and local alignment. Through detailed empirical evaluation on small and large collections of programs, we show that our approach is highly scalable while maintaining similar levels of effectiveness to that of the popular JPlag and MOSS systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating service‐oriented system performance: a systematic study
Authors: Woodall Philip , Brereton Pearl , Budgen David 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe initial use of a service‐oriented system, which collates information from three databases, highlighted a performance problem with query response time for queries that selected more than ten attributes from a single data source. Our aim was to find the cause of the performance problem within the service‐oriented system. The challenges that were encountered when attempting to locate such a problem are described. Our approach to finding the performance problem, while addressing these challenges, was based on systematically devising and applying measurements to the system. We developed strategies that addressed the challenges and the inherent difficulty of measuring performance in a service‐oriented system. The cause of the performance problem was a buffer used by a JDBC‐ODBC driver to connect Java code to a Microsoft Access database. Three strategies successfully addressed the challenges of measuring performance in the service‐oriented system. In particular, routing queries to a local data source eliminated networking problems. Creating a model of the system allowed performance measurements to continue concurrently with demonstrations of the system, and with its further development. Finally, porting the system identified the part that had a detrimental effect on performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic refresh‐rate scaling via frame buffer monitoring for power‐aware LCD management
Authors: Kim Hyoseung , Cha Hojung , Ha Rhan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn recent years, there has been wide‐spread use of large and high‐resolution liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) on handheld devices. The portion of LCD power consumption in the overall system has gradually increased. While most of the previous research on LCD power management has focused on the hardware level, practical mechanisms at the software level are hardly known. This paper presents a power‐aware LCD management mechanism, based on dynamic refresh‐rate scaling and frame buffer monitoring. The proposed mechanism guarantees the display quality of service, which is inherently specified by content types. The mechanism does not require additional hardware or modifications to applications. The experiment results—on a commercial PDA with a $320\times240$ resolution—show that the proposed mechanisms effectively reduce the power consumption by up to 10%, while satisfying the display quality requirements for the LCD screen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and implementation of UMTS session management in the user equipment
Authors: Gan Chai‐Hien , Lin Yi‐Bing , Chen Shi‐Hi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), session management (SM) maintains a communication session between a user equipment (UE) and the core network. 3GPP TS 24.008 specifies the SM functions and the communication protocols between the UE and the core network. However, the interaction between the SM and other entities in the UE are not specified in detail. This paper designs and implements the SM software. We use a finite state machine (FSM) to model the SM functions. Based on the FSM and the primitives, we describe how to set up the development steps to implement the SM at the UE. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Giruka Venkata C. , Singhal Mukesh , Royalty James , Varanasi Srilekha 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWith sensor networks on the verge of deployment, security issues pertaining to the sensor networks are in the limelight. Though the security in sensor networks share many characteristics with wireless ad hoc networks, the two fields are rapidly diverging due to the fundamental differences between the make‐up and goals of the two types of networks. Perhaps the greatest dividing difference is the energy and computational abilities. Sensor nodes are typically smaller, less powerful, and more prone to failure than nodes in an ad hoc network. These differences indicate that protocols that are valid in the context of ad‐hoc networks may not be directly applicable for sensor networks. In this paper, we survey the state of art in securing wireless sensor networks. We review several protocols that provide security in sensor networks, with an emphasis on authentication, key management and distribution, secure routing, and methods for intrusion detection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pervasive data access in wireless and mobile computing environments
Authors: Lee Ken C. K. , Lee Wang‐Chien , Madria Sanjay 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe rapid advance of wireless and portable computing technology has brought a lot of research interests and momentum to the area of mobile computing. One of the research focus is onpervasive data access. With wireless connections, users can access information at any place at any time. However, various constraints such as limited client capability, limited bandwidth, weak connectivity, and client mobility impose many challenging technical issues. In the past years, tremendous research efforts have been put forth to address the issues related to pervasive data access. A number of interesting research results were reported in the literature. This survey paper reviews important works in two important dimensions of pervasive data access:data broadcastandclient caching. In addition, data access techniques aiming at various application requirements (such astime,location,semanticsandreliability) are covered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical modeling of MAC protocol in ad hoc networks
Authors: Chen Yunli , Zeng Qing‐An , Agrawal Dharma P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn ad hoc networks, CSMA/CA is a widely used MAC layer protocol. There has been considerable work on the performance evaluation of this protocol. But most work is confined to saturation performance of single‐hop ad hoc networks. In this paper, we employ a linear feedback model to evaluate the performance for CSMA/CA according to the Poisson distributed traffic in both single‐hop and multi‐hop ad hoc networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analytically evaluate the performance for CSMA/CA protocol under a general assumption about the traffic. This paper also gives analytical results, showing the impact of RTS/CTS. Although RTS/CTS do add the overhead to the system, they become essential when either the hidden terminal problem is dominant, or the traffic is heavy, or the packet length is very large. This paper also shows that the performance degrades dramatically in multi‐hop ad hoc networks when the number of competing nodes increases, which implies that the scalability is still a major problem in ad hoc networks. To validate our analytical results, we have done extensive simulations, and it is observed that the simulation results match the analytical results very well. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustained service lookup in areas of sudden dense population
Authors: Aly Sherif G. , Elnahas Amal A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAs mobility became the norm rather than the exception, location‐based services are playing more of a key role in assisting mobile users. In this paper, we address the challenges of providing location‐based services to users in areas of sudden population increases, such as stadiums and traffic jams. A sudden increase in the number of mobile users leads to an increasing demand for the already scarce wireless bandwidth, thus causing dramatical throughput degradation and an increase in connectivity failures. We propose a hybrid model within which a peer‐to‐peer mode is deployed to assist the cellular‐based network whenever a sudden increase in population density is sensed by the base station. Location‐based data is migrated to selected elite nodes, thus allowing other peer nodes to get their information locally. This approach is proven, through experimental results, to decrease the query response time and number of query failures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power control and scheduling for guaranteeing quality of service in cellular networks
Authors: Wu Dapeng , Negi Rohit 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProviding quality of service (QoS) guarantees is important in the third generation (3G) and the fourth generation (4G) cellular networks. However, large‐scale fading and non‐stationary small‐scale fading can cause severe QoS violations. To address this issue, we design QoS provisioning schemes, which are robust against time‐varying large scale path loss, shadowing, non‐stationary small scale fading, and very low mobility. In our design, we utilize our recently developed effective capacity technique and the time‐diversity dependent power control proposed in this paper. The key elements of our QoS provisioning schemes are channel estimation, power control, dynamic channel allocation, and adaptive transmission. The advantages of our QoS provisioning schemes are (1) power efficiency, (2) simplicity in QoS provisioning, (3) robustness against large‐scale fading and non‐stationary small‐scale fading. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are effective in providing QoS guarantees under various channel conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bit error rate for rectangular QAM with arbitrary constellation mapping in Nakagami‐mchannels
Authors: Xu Hong , Benjillali Mustapha , Szczeciński Leszek 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe present closed‐form expressions for the bit error rate (BER) of rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in Nakagami‐mfading channels. The presented formulas, which are valid for arbitrary bits‐to‐symbols mapping, thus may be used when non‐Gray mapping is employed, are particularly useful in the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) range and/or for small values of the parameterm. The advantage of the proposed expressions over the known bounding techniques is illustrated through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mutual authentication and privacy mechanism for WLAN security
Authors: Jiang Yixin , Lin Chuang , Yin Hao , Chen Zhen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN) has been increasingly deployed in various locations because of the convenience of wireless communication and decreasing costs of the underlying technology. However, the existing security mechanisms in wireless communication are vulnerable to be attacked and seriously threat the data authentication and confidentiality. In this paper, we mainly focus on two issues. First, the vulnerabilities of security protocols specified in IEEE 802.11 and 802.1X standards are analyzed in detail. Second, a new mutual authentication and privacy scheme for WLAN is proposed to address these security issues. The proposed scheme improves the security mechanisms of IEEE 802.11 and 802.1X by providing a mandatory mutual authentication mechanism between mobile station and access point (AP) based on public key infrastructure (PKI), offering data integrity check and improving data confidentiality with symmetric cipher block chain (CBC) encryption. In addition, this scheme also provides some other new security mechanisms, such as dynamic session key negotiation and multicast key notification. Hence, with these new security mechanisms, it should be much more secure than the original security scheme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.