bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SERUM LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE, AND THE OVARIAN LH, FSH AND PRL BINDING DURING LUTEOLYSIS OF THE SUPERLUTEINIZED RAT OVARY
Authors: Torjesen Peter A. , Aakvaag Asbjørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The process of luteolysis has been studied in immature rats in which superluteinization had been induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Following prostaglandin F2α and the prostaglandin analogues, and at the end of the pseudopregnancy, the plasma levels of progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone were measured and used as parameters of luteal function in relation to the capacity of the ovarian tissue to bind LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL) in vitro. On day 19 after HCG a marked decrease in the progesterone level from the day 8 level was observed concomitant with a marked increase in 20α-dihydroprogesterone. The capacity of the ovarian tissue to bind LH in vitro was markedly reduced on day 19 compared to day 8. Identical changes were observed 21 h after 1 mg prostaglandin F2α or prostaglandin analogues. Progesterone decreased from about 600 ng/ml to about 50 ng/ml, whereas the increase in 20α-dihydroprogesterone was from about 200 ng/ml to 500–1000 ng/ml and the reduction in LH binding sites was from 1.7 × 10−12 to 0.5 × 10−12 mol/mg protein. Nanogram amounts of the analogues were as effective as 1 mg of prostaglandin F2α. The number of FSH or PRL binding sites was not affected by spontaneous luteolysis or the treatment given.
By the use of graded doses of the prostaglandin analogues a negative correlation (r=−0.81) was found between plasma progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone levels, and a positive correlation (r = 0.84) between LH binding sites and plasma progesterone levels.
The luteolysis induced by prostaglandin F2α or prostaglandin analogues was indistinguishable from the spontaneous luteolysis using these parameters.
EVALUATION OF PROPRANOLOL-GLUCAGON TEST
Authors: Okada Y. , Watanabe K. , Takeuchi T. , Hata T. , Mikam H. , Brown F. A. , Kumahara Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A propranolol-glucagon test was evaluated in 24 control normal children, 21 pituitary dwarfs, 15 patients with constitutional short stature, 2 with chromosome aberration and 4 with miscellaneous diseases. The dose of glucagon enough for the stimulation of human growth hormone (HGH) secretion is more than 20 μg/kg of body weight. During the test in the control subjects the serum HGH level increased from 2.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml to a maximum level of 30.0 ± 15.1 ng/ml, when 10 mg propranolol, regardless of body weight and 30 μg glucagon per kg of body weight are given. The dose of propranolol administered ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight in normal children studied. Serum 11-OHCS also increased significantly from 14.5 ± 11.2 μg/100 ml to 30.1 ± 15.5 μg/100 ml (P <0.01). There was no difference in the maximum level of urinary total catecholamines in propranolol-glucagon test between 7 pituitary dwarfs and 7 control subjects. The mechanism of HGH response to propranolol-glucagon administration is unknown, but propranolol-glucagon administration is a sensitive and reliable provocative test for HGH secretion, since false negative responses of HGH are not observed in patients with non-pituitary disease.
LACK OF A CIRCANNUAL CYCLE OF DAYTIME SERUM PROLACTIN IN MAN AND MONKEY
Authors: Gala Richard R. , Van De Walle Cynthia , Hoffman William H. , Lawson David M. , Pieper David R. , Smith Stuart W. , Subramanian Marappa G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum samples were obtained from 7 subjects (6 men and 1 woman) in the morning (09.00 h) and in the afternoon (15.00 h) of each week for a period of 13 months and assayed for prolactin by RIA. In addition, 4 female monkeys were sampled once weekly in the afternoon for approximately two years. The data were analyzed for cyclicity by power spectrum analysis. In both species a serum prolactin circannual cycle was not obvious. In most subjects statstically significant (P<0.05) cycles were observed; however, there was considerable variability among individuals in the duration of the cycle, which ranged between 4 and 50 weeks. A similar result was also observed for the monkey data; here the cycles ranged between 7 and 51 weeks. The physiologic significance of these cycles is unknown at present. It is suggested that although there appears to be no diurnal serum prolactin circannual cycle, this does not rule out the possibility that there may be a nocturnal circannual cycle.
FAILURE OF SODIUM LOADING OR DEFICIENCY TO AFFECT PLASMA PROLACTIN IN THE MALE RAT
Authors: Mattheij J. A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relation between plasma prolactin (PRL) and sodium metabolism was studied in adult male rats. During the experiments attention was given to the avoidance of stress. Cannulated rats were infused with 2.5 ml 5 % NaCl over a 40 min period. Plasma PRL did not change during or up to 2 h after this infusion. Other rats were subjected to a sodium deficient diet for 3 weeks. This treatment which induced a marked rise in plasma aldosterone, did not cause a change in plasma PRL. It is concluded that PRL does not have an important role in the regulation of sodium balance.
INFLUENCE OF INDOMETHACIN AND OF POLYPHLORETIN PHOSPHATE FRACTIONS ON IN VIVO SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONE IN MICE
Authors: Melander A. , Westgren U. , Ingbar S. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous in vivo studies in mice have shown that polyphloretin phosphate (PPP), a polyionic polyester of phosphoric acid and the dihydrochalcone phloretin, can inhibit thyroid hormone secretion induced by TSH and by the long-acting thyroid stimulator of Graves' disease (LATS), but not that induced by catecholamines or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The present study was undertaken to explore further the mechanism of this effect, particularly the possibility that PPP interferes with the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins (PG). Therefore, the effects of PPP and some of its subfractions and congeners were compared with those of indomethacin, a known inhibitor of PG synthesis, with respect to their influence on the blood radioiodine (BRI) increase in response to TSH, 5-HT, and isoprenaline (IPNE) in 125I- and T4-pre-treated mice.
When given alone, neither indomethacin nor PPP or its subfractions reduced the BRI levels. Instead, small increments were seen in occasional experiments. Indomethacin did not inhibit the BRI increase in response to any of the thyroid-stimulating agents, but rather enhanced the responses in occasional experiments. PPP and some of its high-molecular weight subfractions reduced the BRI increases in response to TSH but not those to 5-HT or IPNE. The findings do not support the concept that de novo synthetized PG mediates TSH activation of thyroid hormone secretion, but they favour the view that PPP inhibits the action of TSH at its receptor site.
A RADIOLIGAND RECEPTORASSAY FOR SERUM HCG
Authors: Brand Egenius C. , Kassenaar A. A. H. , van Hall E. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioligand receptorassay system is described for the measurement of human choriogonadotrophin (HCG) in serum, using 600–1600 × g fractions of homogenates of superovulating rat ovaries. The method is specific for HCG and lutrophin (LH), with a detection limit of 3.5 mIU HCG. The values obtained in the dilutions of pregnancy sera paralleled the standard curve up to 20 μ1, and no non-specific effects were found with this amount of serum.
The potency ratio R/I, measured in normal pregnancy sera by radioligand receptorassay and radioimmunoassay, varied between 1.1 and 3.2. No relationship was found between the stage of pregnancy and the R/I ratio.
ASSESSMENT OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE SERUM LEVELS THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY IN NORMAL WOMEN AND IN WOMEN WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA. WHO CONCEIVED AFTER BROMOCRIPTINE TREATMENT
Authors: Thomas Chris M. G. , Corbey Rudolph S. , Rolland Rune 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Peripheral serum levels of unconjugated oestradiol and of progesterone were measured serially throughout the gestational period in 13 uncomplicated pregnancies. The levels of these hormones were compared with those found in the same time course of 13 patients with hyperprolactinaemia who conceived following bromocriptine treatment. Both steroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay using highly specific antibodies. The reliability characteristics of the methods are reported. The patterns of change in the serum levels for both hormones allowed the following conclusions:
1. Serum progesterone in the 11–12th week period showed a statistically nificant difference, the values being lower in bromocriptine pre-treated women (P < 0.05). Hyperprolactinaemia thus may cause suppression of progesterone secretion that - at least in part - originates from the corpus luteum of pregnancy around the time of the luteo-placental shift.
2. No statistically significant differences were observed for both oestradiol and progesterone serum levels between the two groups of pregnant women following 12 weeks of duration. Thus, elevated prolactin during the course of pregnancy does not affect the functional steroid parameters of the foeto-placental unit.
RELATION BETWEEN SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN AND D-NORGESTREL LEVELS IN PLASMA
Authors: Victor Arne , Weiner Erik , Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to investigate the effect of changes in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels on d-norgestrel (d-Ng) levels in plasma, the plasma levels of SHBG and d-Ng were studied during one treatment cycle in 6 women on oral contraceptives containing d-Ng and ethinyloestradiol (EOe2) and in 3 women using subcutaneous silastic rods containing d-Ng concomitantly taking EOe2 for three weeks. A significant positive correlation between the SHBG and d-Ng levels was found in 7 of the 9 subjects studied. The results provide evidence for an in vivo binding of d-Ng to SHBG, a SHBG influence on the metabolic clearance rate of d-Ng and consequently a dependence of the plasma levels of d-Ng on the SHBG concentrations in the plasma. These findings support the concept that the clinically and biochemically observed anti-oestrogenic/androgenic effects observed in women on d-Ng containing medication are due to a displacement of testosterone from SHBG by d-Ng.
GnRH ACTION IN RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND: REGULATION OF PROTEIN, GLYCOPROTEIN AND LH SYNTHESIS
Authors: Menon K. M. J. , Gunaga K. P. , Azhar S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of synthetic GnRH on the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins in the anterior pituitary and in vitro release of LH into the medium was studied. A maximal dose (25 ng/ml) of synthetic GnRH caused optimum release of radioimmunoassayable LH into the medium after 2 h of incubation. A concomitant increase in cyclic AMP accumulation in the tissue and LH in the incubation medium was also observed under the influence of GnRH during different periods of incubation time. Incubation of the rat anterior pituitary with GnRH stimulated the incorporation of [3H]proline into acid precipitable proteins in a time- and dose-dependent manner, similar to radioimmunoassayable LH released into the medium. Similar results were obtained when pituitary was incubated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. LH, in addition, enhanced the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine and [3H]amine acids mixture into acidprecipitable proteins suggesting that proteins including glycoproteins are synthesized by the rat anterior pituitary under the influence of GnRH. Approximately 10 % of the radioactivity associated with proteins comigrated with radioimmunoassayable LH on the gels. GnRH also enhanced the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine and [3H]amino acid mixture into immunoprecipitable LH. The GnRH-induced incorporation of [3H]proline into anterior pituitary proteins was abolished by specific translation inhibitors.
ACTIVATION OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY. THYROID AND ADRENAL GLAND IN RATS AFTER DISTURBANCE STRESS
Authors: Döhler K.-D. , Gärtner K. , von zur Mühlen A. , Döhler U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Groups of adult male rats were decapitated without anaesthesia 30 seconds or 5, 10, 15 and 60 min after disturbance stress (investigators entering the animal room and moving the cages). The serum concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured by radioimmunoassay and corticosterone by a fluorometric method.
With regard to the hormone levels measured in serum obtained within 30 seconds after induction of disturbance stress to resemble most closely the actual unstressed levels of endogenous hormones in circulation, serum corticosterone levels increased within 5 min. indicating that the procedure was stressful to the animals. In addition the serum prolactin and TSH levels were significantly elevated within 5 min, T3 within 60 min. Whereas corticosterone reached peak levels after 15 min. the serum levels of prolactin, TSH and T3 were still rising after 60 min. The FSH levels remained rather stable during the first 10 min. but started to rise during the following 5 min. At 60 min FSH levels were back to normal. Serum LH and T4 showed only minor fluctuations during the experimental period. These results indicate, that not only is the pituitary-adrenal axis stimulated by emotional stress, but also the pituitary-thyroid axis. It also seems, that emotional stress leads to a general activation of pituitary hormone release. Hence, proper care should be taken with regard to animal keeping, handling and the method of blood collection when dealing with rats as experimental animals.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON NSILA CONCENTRATIONS IN THE DOG: EVIDENCE FOR PARTIALLY PITUITARY-INDEPENDENT REGULATION
Authors: Eigenmann J. E. , Becker M. , Kammermann B. , Zapf J. , Leemann W. , Froesch E. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) was determined in 5 dogs before and after hypophysectomy. All NSILA determinations were carried out on serum samples after acidic Sephadex G-50 chromatography by two different assay systems, i. e. a bioassay and a protein binding assay. The levels of NSILA decreased significantly after hypophysectomy and returned to near normal levels after 2 weeks. T3−, T4− and cortisol levels were drastically reduced during the entire period of the experiment. Several GH determinations after hypophysectomy revealed very low levels. Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia failed to provoke a rise of GH levels as late as 4 months after hypophysectomy.
These findings indicate that:
1) The pituitary gland cannot be the site of synthesis of NSILA.
2) NSILA concentrations in the dog are maintained at a near normal level in the presence of very low growth hormone and thyroid hormone concentrations, so that these latter hormones do not appear to be the only regulatory factors concerned in NSILA synthesis.
HLA ANTIGENS IN GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: Bech Karine , Lumholtz Bo , Nerup Jørn , Thomsen Mogens , Platz Per , Ryder Lars P. , Svejgaard Arne , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Hansen Jens Mølholm , Larsen Jørgen Hannover 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
HLA typing of 86 patients with Graves' disease was performed for the A, B, C and D series antigens. An increased frequency of HLA-B8 (47 per cent) and Dw3 (51 per cent) compared with controls (23.7 and 21 per cent, respectively) was observed. The increase of B8 and Dw3 was almost exclusively found in a group of 48 patients with relapse of disease, whereas the frequency of B8 and Dw3 in patients without relapse did not differ significantly from that of the control group. No association with the presence of exophthalmos, thyroid antibodies, or antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 could be found.
ZINC AND MANGANESE CONTENTS OF MICRO-DISSECTED PANCREATIC ISLETS OF SOME RODENTS
Authors: Havu Niilo , Lundgren Gillis , Falkmer Sture 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry procedure, using a graphite furnace, it was possible to assay the contents of zinc and manganese in micro-dissected pancreatic islets of several rodents. Interest was focused upon the islets of guinea-pigs, due to the fact that guinea-pig insulin lacks a histidine residue in the B10 position of the molecule which normally binds zinc (or other heavy metals) in the hexamer formation, probably involved in the storage of insulin.
Both the zinc and manganese contents were too low in the guinea-pig islet parenchyma to be reasonably involved in the storage of insulin in the β-granules. Instead, it was suggested that guinea-pig insulin, like hagfish insulin, might crystallize without access to zinc or other heavy metals. Low zinc and manganese contents were also observed in newborn and diabetic guinea-pigs.
The islet zinc content was high in the Wistar rat, the Chinese hamster, and the spiny mouse. No significant amounts of manganese were found in any of these kinds of islet parenchyma.
INSULIN STIMULATION TESTS IN PITUITARY DEPENDENT CUSHING'S SYNDROME AFTER COMPLETE ADRENALECTOMY
Authors: Croughs R. J. M. , Timmermans H. , Vingerhoeds A. C. M. , Vermeulen A. , Smals A. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Meyer J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present study shows that in a group of 6 euadrenal patients, previously treated by complete adrenalectomy for pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome, the stress stimulus of insulin induced hypoglycaemia is followed by a plasma ACTH response which is of similar magnitude as the response obtained with lysin-vasopressin. Both observations indicate that the central nervous system-pituitary axis is basically normal in pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome as assessed by insulin induced hypoglycaemia. It is concluded that non-responsiveness of the pituitary-adrenocortical system to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in untreated patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome does not represent a fundamental defect of the stress mechanism, but is due to hypercorticism per se.
METABOLIC AND HORMONAL EFFECTS OF POST-MENOPAUSAL OESTROGEN REPLACEMENT TREATMENT
Authors: Wallentin Lars , Larsson-Cohn Ulf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of daily oral cyclical oestrogen treatment on the plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations was studied in post-menopausal females. Ethinyloestradiol (EOe) 0.05 mg was administered to 20 subjects and oestradiol valerianate (OeV) 2 mg to 19 subjects. The women were investigated twice before medication and 1, 3 and 6 months after the start of treatment.
During EOe therapy the total cholesterol (TC) decreased 10 per cent, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-TC and HDL-phospholipid (PL) increased 30–40 per cent, approximated low density lipoprotein (LDL)-TC decreased 30 per cent and triglyceride (TG) increased 30–40 per cent. In the OeV treated group the HDL-TC and the HDL-PL concentrations showed a mean increase of 10–15 per cent after 6 cycles.
Augmented HDL-TC level and/or decreased LDL-TC level is believed to reduce the risk for the development of atherosclerotic disease. Increased TG concentration probably raises the risk for ischaemic cardiovascular disease. Thus the net effect on the development of ischaemic cardiovascular disease due to the changes of plasma lipids induced by EOe 0.05 mg can at present not be evaluated while the plasma lipid changes observed during OeV 2 mg might hypothetically retard the development of atherosclerosis.
Only 10 per cent of the changes of lipid and lipoprotein concentrations could be explained statistically by their correlations to the simultaneously occurring alterations in the glucose tolerance and the concentrations of insulin and growth hormone. The dissimilar changes in the lipid parameters in the EOe and OeV groups might be explained by the different oestrogenic potency of the drugs and a dose-response relationship of oestrogen treatment on protein and probably lipoprotein synthesis.
PLASMA 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE, PROGESTERONE AND 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Florensa Emma , Harrison Robert , Johnson Michael , Youssefnejadian Ezat 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The peripheral plasma levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP), progesterone (P) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured by radioimmuoassay techniques in 440 samples during normal human pregnancy between weeks 4 and 41. The levels of 20α-DHP in plasma from the 4th to the 6th week were between 6.0 and 6.6 ng/ml. From then until the 21st week the average plasma 20α-DHP concentrations remained at the same level between 4.0 and 6.3 ng/ml; they then rose significantly to and beyond term, levels reaching over 40 ng/ml.
The range of mean plasma concentration of P during the first trimester of pregnancy fell to a nadir in the 9th week (170 ng/ml) then rose with increased gestation until the 39th week (190.4 ng/ml) followed by a slight and not significant drop.
Single measurements of plasma 17-OHP from the 4th to the 6th week of pregnancy gave value between 2.8 and 3.6 ng/ml, but from the 7th week the mean plasma 17-OHP levels gradually declined, then from week 30 the 17-OHP concentration increased to reach a mean level of 7.63 ng/ml in the 41st week.
The ratio P/20α-DHP increased from the 4th (3.5:1) to the 24th week (15.6:1) and then decreased from the 25th week (7.9:1) towards term (3.2:1).
CORRELATION OF PITUITARY AND TESTICULAR RESPONSES TO STIMULATION TESTS IN CRYPTORCHID CHILDREN
Authors: Gendrel Dominique , Roger Marc , Chaussain Jean-Louis , Canlorbe Pierre , Job Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
LH-RH test and HCG stimulation test were performed in 154 cryptorchid boys aged 1 month to 15 years (64 unilateral and 90 bilateral). Basal plasma LH levels and LH response to LH-RH were significantly lower from infancy to early puberty in cryptorchids compared with controls. Basal FSH levels and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. The post-HCG rise of plasma testosterone was reduced until mid-puberty. A significant positive correlation was found between post-HCG testosterone levels and pre- and post-LH-RH levels of LH. This correlation suggests that testicular maldescent and the decreased ability of Leydig cells to respond to a short course of HCG may result from an early defect or a delay of pituitary LH secretion.
THE EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE AND ITS 5α-REDUCED METABOLITES ON PITUITARY RESPONSIVENESS TO GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE (Gn-RH)
Authors: Epstein Y. , Lunenfeld B. , Kraiem Z. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of androgens on gonadotrophin release in response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) stimulation in vitro. Hemipituitaries of mature male rats were pre-incubated for 90 min with T, DHT, 3α- or 3β-diol (4 ng or 4 μg/ml medium), and the incubation continued for 240 min after adding Gn-RH (1 ng/ml medium). Gn-RH caused a 4-5-fold rise in the secretion of LH and a 2-fold rise in FSH secretion. The effect of the androgens was dose-dependent. At low levels, T and DHT exerted no effect on Gn-RH-stimulated gonadotrophin release, whereas the two androstanediols (3α- and 3β-diol) augmented the Gn-RH stimulation of both gonadotrophins, though preferentially LH. With high doses of androgens, the results obtained showed: a) no effect of T; b) DHT suppression of the Gn-RH-stimulated FSH release; c) suppression of Gn-RH stimulation by 3α- and 3β-diol regarding both LH and FSH.
It is concluded that T exerts through its reduced metabolites a feedback effect on the pituitary gland responsiveness to Gn-RH stimulation.