bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Functional Domains within the Essential Large Tegument Protein pUL36 of Pseudorabies Virus
Authors: Böttcher Sindy , Granzow Harald , Maresch Christina , Möhl Britta , Klupp Barbara G. , Mettenleiter Thomas C. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

Proteins of the capsid proximal tegument are involved in the transport of incoming capsids to the nucleus and secondary envelopment after nuclear egress. Homologs of the essential large capsid proximal tegument protein pUL36 are conserved within the
Herpesviridae
. They interact with another tegument component, pUL37, and contain a deubiquitinating activity in their N termini which, however, is not essential for virus replication. Whereas an internal deletion of 709 amino acids (aa) within the C-terminal half of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) pUL36 does not impair its function (S. Böttcher, B. G. Klupp, H. Granzow, W. Fuchs, K. Michael, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 80:9910-9915, 2006), deletion of the very C terminus does (J. Lee, G. Luxton, and G. A. Smith, J. Virol. 80:12086-12094, 2006). For further characterization we deleted several predicted functional and structural motifs within PrV pUL36 and analyzed the resulting phenotypes in cell culture and a mouse infection model. Extension of the internal deletion to encompass aa 2087 to 2981 exerted only minor effects on virus replication but resulted in prolonged mean survival times of infected mice. Any additional extension did not yield viable virus. Deletion of an N-terminal region containing the deubiquitinating activity (aa 22 to 248) only slightly impaired viral replication in cell culture but slowed neuroinvasion in our mouse model, whereas a strong impairment of viral replication was observed after simultaneous removal of both nonessential domains. Absence of a region containing two predicted leucine zipper motifs (aa 748 to 991) also strongly impaired virus replication and spread. Thus, we identify several domains within the PrV UL36 protein, which, though not essential, are nevertheless important for virus replication.
Mutagen Sensitivity and Genetic Variants in Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation
Authors: Lin Jie , Swan Gary E. , Shields Peter G. , Benowitz Neal L. , Gu Jian , Amos Christopher I. , de Andrade Mariza , Spitz Margaret R. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The rationale behind gene-disease association studies is that genetic variants (polymorphisms) result in alterations in intermediate phenotypes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations have not been established for most polymorphisms. In this study, we correlated genotype data of genes involved in the nucleotide excision repair pathway with mutagen sensitivity phenotype, quantified by benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-induced chromatid breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in 422 healthy subjects recruited into a twin study that included 138 pairs of monozygotic twins, 51 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 44 siblings. Among a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms examined, we found that BPDE sensitivity was modified by individual polymorphisms in XPC, RAD23B, and XPA genes. Specific haplotypes and diplotypes of XPC also modified BPDE sensitivity profiles. In addition, a more consistent and stronger correlation was observed between mutagen sensitivity phenotype and the combination of multiple polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Specifically, when XPC-PAT, XPC Lys939Gln, XPA A23G, and RAD23B Val249Ala were analyzed together, we observed a significant dose-response relationship between increasing mutagen sensitivity with increasing number of adverse alleles: mutagen sensitivity for those carrying zero to two, three to five, and six or more adverse alleles were 0.64, 0.68, and 1.06, respectively (P for trend = 0.008), and the results remained significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Using individuals carrying zero to two adverse alleles as the reference group, the risks of being mutagen sensitive (mutagen sensitivity values greater than the median) were 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.64) and 4.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-16.61) for those carrying three to five and six or more adverse alleles, respectively. Analyses of the effects of genotype combinations yielded similar results. These findings underscore the importance of assessing the collective effects of a panel of polymorphisms in the same pathway in modulating mutagen sensitivity. As risk assessment for cancer risk is moving toward a multigenic pathway-based approach, future genotype-phenotype correlation studies should also investigate the combined effects of multiple genetic variants. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2065–71)
Frequency of TP53 Mutations in Relation to Arg72Pro Genotypes in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lind Helge , Ekstrøm Per Olaf , Ryberg David , Skaug Vidar , Andreassen Tove , Stangeland Lodve , Haugen Aage , Zienolddiny Shanbeh 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 gene are important events during human lung carcinogenesis. The TP53 gene harbors several polymorphisms, and functional studies have shown that the Arg72Pro polymorphism alters both wild-type and mutant p53 protein activity. Thus, we hypothesized that certain Arg72Pro genotypes may influence the frequency and pattern of somatic mutations in TP53. We therefore examined the status of the Arg72Pro polymorphism and TP53 mutations in 260 non–small-cell lung cancer cases. Here we report a significant trend toward lower frequency of TP53 mutations with increasing number of Pro72 alleles (P = 0.02). Overall, Pro72 allele carriers had significantly lower frequency of TP53 mutations compared with Arg72 homozygotes (P = 0.02). In addition, carriage of the Pro72 variant was related to a lower frequency of mutations affecting the hotspot codon 273. Mutations at codon 273 accounted for 10.6% of the mutations in Arg72 homozygotes and 1.7% of the mutations in Pro72 allele carriers. Our results suggest that the genotype of the Arg72Pro polymorphism may modulate the frequency of TP53 mutations in non–small-cell lung cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2077–81)
Prognostic Relevance of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Levels in Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Harder Jan , Kummer Oliver , Olschewski Manfred , Otto Florian , Blum Hubert Erich , Opitz Oliver 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) has been identified as biochemical marker for biliary tract cancer (BTC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate its value as a treatment response marker and its value as a prognostic parameter in patients with unresectable BTC. We analyzed 70 patients with BTC treated with chemotherapy. CA 19-9 levels before and after two treatment courses were analyzed with respect to their effect on treatment response. Patients were categorized into two subgroups according to biliary stenting: patients without endoscopic intervention or biliary drainage (non-stent subgroup) and patients with endoluminal stenting (stent subgroup). Pretreatment CA 19-9 levels were prognostic with respect to overall survival for the entire study population. Patients with CA 19-9 levels above the median of 300 units/mL had a nearly 3-fold risk for early death (hazard ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-5.64; adjusted P = 0.002) as compared with patients with CA 19-9 levels ≤300 units/mL. An association between CA 19-9 and therapeutic response was observed in the non-stent subgroup (P = 0.001) only. Furthermore, the decrease of CA 19-9 levels after treatment was predictive for improved survival in the non-stent subgroup (adjusted P = 0.018) but not in the stent subgroup. Our results indicate that pretreatment CA 19-9 levels and CA 19-9 decrease after chemotherapy are of prognostic relevance in patients with BTC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2097–100)
Factors Associated with Human Small Aggressive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tammemagi C. Martin , Freedman Matthew T. , Church Timothy R. , Oken Martin M. , Hocking William G. , Kvale Paul A. , Hu Ping , Riley Thomas L. , Ragard Lawrence R. , Prorok Philip C. , Berg Christine D. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background: Some non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) progress to distant lymph nodes or metastasize while relatively small. Such small aggressive NSCLCs (SA-NSCLC) are no longer resectable with curative intent, carry a grave prognosis, and may involve unique biological pathways. This is a study of factors associated with SA-NSCLC.
Methods: A nested case-case study was embedded in the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. SA-NSCLC cases had stage T1, N3, and/or M1 NSCLC (n = 48) and non–SA-NSCLC cases had T2 to T3, N0 to N2, and M0 NSCLC (n = 329). Associations were assessed by multiple logistic regression.
Results: SA-NSCLCs were associated with younger age at diagnosis [odds ratio (OR)≥65 versus &lt;65, 0.44; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.22-0.88], female gender, family history of lung cancer, and the interaction gender*family history of lung cancer and were inversely associated with ibuprofen use (ORyes versus no, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.76). The ORs for associating gender (women versus men) with SA-NSCLC in those with and without a family history of lung cancer were 11.76 (95% CI, 2.00-69.22) and 1.86 (95% CI, 0.88-3.96), respectively. These associations held adjusted for histology and time from screening to diagnosis and when alternative controls were assessed.
Conclusion: SA-NSCLC was associated with female gender, especially in those with a family history of lung cancer. If these exploratory findings, which are subject to bias, are validated as causal, elucidation of the genetic and female factors involved may improve understanding of cancer progression and lead to preventions and therapies. Ibuprofen may inhibit lung cancer progression. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2082–9)
Can Language-Concordant Prevention Care Managers Improve Cancer Screening Rates?
Authors: Beach Michael L. , Flood Ann Barry , Robinson Christina M. , Cassells Andrea N. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Greene Mary Ann , Dietrich Allen J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Objective: There is evidence that non-English speakers in the United States receive lower quality health care and preventive services than English speakers. We tested the hypothesis that Spanish-speaking women would respond differently to an intervention to increase up-to-date status for cancer screening.
Study Design and Setting: A multisite randomized controlled trial showed that scripted telephone support, provided by a Prevention Care Manager (PCM), increased up-to-date rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. This subgroup analysis investigated the relative efficacy of the PCM among women who chose to communicate with the PCM in Spanish versus English.
Results: Of 1,346 women in this analysis, 63% were Spanish speakers. Whereas the PCM intervention increased cancer screening rates generally, Spanish-speaking women seemed to benefit disproportionately more than English-speaking women for cervical cancer screening (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.05). In addition, in this exploratory analysis, there was a trend toward Spanish-speaking women receiving more benefit than English-speaking women from the intervention in increased breast and colorectal cancer screening rates.
Conclusion: Spanish-speaking women seemed to benefit more than did English-speaking women from a bilingual telephone support intervention aimed at increasing cancer screening rates. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2058–64)
Risk of Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Cook Michael B. , Wild Christopher P. , Everett Simon M. , Hardie Laura J. , Bani-Hani Kamal E. , Martin Iain G. , Forman David 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background: There are very few prospective follow-up studies of Barrett esophagus (BE) cohorts assessing the risk of extraesophageal cancer incidence or mortality. Such studies are necessary in order to understand the overall risks of cancer and death experienced by patients with BE.
Methods: A cohort of 502 patients with BE were identified at Leeds General Infirmary, England. Mortality and cancer incidence information were provided by the Office for National Statistics. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated using indirect standardization.
Results: All-cause mortality was found to be elevated in patients with BE [SMR, 1.21; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.06, 1.37] and remained so after esophageal cancers were excluded (SMR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.32). Increased mortality risks were also found for malignant neoplasms of the esophagus (SMR, 7.26; 95% CI, 3.87-12.42) and diseases of the digestive system (SMR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11-3.40). The remaining disease categories produced no altered risk estimates. Circulatory disease mortality was borderline statistically significant (SMR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00-1.52; P = 0.053) for those with a specialized intestinal metaplasia diagnosis of BE. In the cancer incidence analyses, esophageal malignancies (SIR, 8.66; 95% CI, 4.73-14.53) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (SIR, 14.29; 95% CI, 7.13-22.56) were found to be increased in BE. All remaining analyses provided unaltered risks, including that of colorectal cancer.
Conclusions: This study has shown evidence of an increased risk of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in BE. It has also shown that those who have a histologic BE diagnosis may also have an increased risk of circulatory disease mortality. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2090–6)
Collection of Blood, Saliva, and Buccal Cell Samples in a Pilot Study on the Danish Nurse Cohort: Comparison of the Response Rate and Quality of Genomic DNA
Authors: Hansen Thomas v. O. , Simonsen Mette K. , Nielsen Finn C. , Hundrup Yrsa Andersen 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In this study, we compared the response rates of blood, saliva, and buccal cell samples in a pilot study on the Danish nurse cohort and examined the quantity and quality of the purified genomic DNA. Our data show that only 31% of the requested participants delivered a blood sample, whereas 72%, 80%, and 76% delivered a saliva sample, buccal cell sample via mouth swabs, or buccal cell sample on FTA card, respectively. Analysis of purified genomic DNA by NanoDrop and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that blood and saliva samples resulted in DNA with the best quality, whereas the DNA quality from buccal cells was low. Genotype and PCR analysis showed that DNA from 100% of the blood samples and 72% to 84% of the saliva samples could be genotyped or amplified, whereas none of the DNA from FTA cards and only 23% of the DNA from mouth swabs could be amplified and none of the DNA from swabs and 94% of the DNA from FTA cards could be genotyped. Our study shows that the response rate of self-collection saliva samples and buccal cell samples were much higher than the response rate of blood samples in our group of Danish nurses. However, only the quality of genomic DNA from saliva samples was comparable with blood samples as accessed by purity, genotyping, and PCR amplification. We conclude that the use of saliva samples is a good alternative to blood samples to obtain genomic DNA of high quality and it will increase the response rate considerably in epidemiologic studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):2072–6)
Greek Renderings of the Hebrew Lexeme hmx in LXX Canticles and Isaiah
Authors: Ceulemans Reinhart , De Crom Dries 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUp to three times, the LXX version of Canticles (iv 1, 3; vi 7) reads σιωπησσιζ ('silence') as a translation equivalent of the Hebrew lexeme smh ('veil'). This article aims at establishing whether this enigmatic equivalence is due to mistranslation or to a conscious, if obscure, rendering, by closely analysing the nature of the lexemes in question. Although there are strong arguments in favour of the former scenario, the matter cannot be resolved with any definiteness. Symmachus' apparently similar translation in Isa. xlvii 2 (τò σιωπηλóν for smh) is shown to be unrelated to the puzzling equivalence established in LXX Canticles. The article concludes with some thoughts on the lexicographical treatment of translation-specific lexical items such as σιωπησιζ.
Job iii 5 in the Light of Mesopotamian Demons of Time
Authors: Noegel Scott B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis brief communication examines two cruces in Job iii (μ/yî yrEyrIèm]Kiâ in iii 5 and μ/y=AyrEr"ao in iii 8) in the light of Sumerian, Akkadian, and later Mandaic performative texts which identify elements of time as cosmic, and potentially demonic, entities. After establishing the shared contexts and features of the texts (i.e., affliction by the Satan/a demon, an illocutionary pronouncement against personified elements of time, and an association between demons and warfare), I argue that the rendering of μ/yî yrEyrIèm]K in Job iii 5 as “day-demons”, proposed already by Rashi and Ibn Ezra, is to be preferred, and that one should understand μ/y=AyrEr"ao as “those who curse a day”.
Hebrew Misreadings or Free Translation in the Septuagint of Amos?
Authors: Glenny Edward W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to test and respond to the theory of A. Gelston presented in his article, “Some Hebrew Misreadings in the Septuagint of Amos,” VT (2002), pp. 493-500. Gelston gives twenty-three examples of differences between the MT and LXX of Amos that he argues should be explained by indistinct writing or damage to the Hebrew Vorlage. It is more probable that most of the twenty-three examples of differences between the MT and LXX of Amos that Gelston surveys are the result of the translator's attempt to make sense of words or phrases in the Vorlage that he did not understand. In many of the examples cited by Gelston rare or difficult words in the context in the Vorlage offer a ready explanation of the difference. Some of the differences are probably the result of double translations, adequate but imprecise translations, or theologically motivated translations.
Looking at Foreigners in Biblical and Greek Prophecy
Authors: Hagedorn Anselm C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe article investigates the role of foreigners in biblical and Greek prophecy and shows how words against foreigners or foreign people are used to reaffirm one's own (i.e Israelite or Greek) ethnicity or group identity. Oracles against foreigners have to be located in the context of (imagined or actual) war and tend to imply salvation for the group who hears these words. Here, a few short characterizations of the foreigners are used that tend to evoke stereotypical images. Whether the knowledge of the other is historically accurate or based on concrete encounters is, however, not important for the authors of such words since the salvation of the own group is the determining feature.
The Oracular Process: Delphi and the Near East
Authors: Huffmon Herbert B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe famous Oracle of Apollo at Delphi and various prophetic centers in the ancient Near East have provided extensive but incomplete bodies of reports about oracular activity. Though one cannot find significant interconnections, the two bodies of evidence are complementary and can be mutually informative about the respective oracular processes and the importance of their roles, about what we know and what we do not know in each instance. A comparative analysis is suggestive regarding the background of the oracular speakers, the process of selection, and perseverance in place. The differing bodies of evidence illuminate, inter alia, the process of formulating and presenting questions to the deity for oracular response, the importance of ecstacy in the process, and the capacity of the oracular speakers to produce intelligible, even elegant and rather poetic oracles on their own.
Greek Seers and Israelite-Jewish Prophets
Authors: Lange Armin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAncient Greek seers (manteis) and Ancient Near Eastern prophets have often been compared with each other. Although in rare cases Greek seers communicate a divine message to a wider audience and are thus comparable to Ancient Near Eastern prophets and Israelite-Jewish prophets in particular, Greek seers are distinctly different from Ancient Near Eastern prophets. In most cases Greek seers employ forms of deductive divination while the use of deductive divination is the exception with Israelite-Jewish prophets. If Greek seers use intuitive divination they do not rely on divine revelations but have special ability to perceive more than normal human beings. Although Ancient Near Eastern prophets and Greek manteis do thus not equate, the comparison of the two sheds better light on the characteristics of both. On the one hand, the Ancient Near Eastern understanding of the prophet emphasizes heavily his reliance on divine revelation. This is especially true for Israelite and Jewish prophets. On the other hand, the Greek mantis acts mostly as a diviner in his own right. His special insights and knowledge go back to his abilities.
Functional imaging of shear-dependent activity of ADAMTS13 in regulating mural thrombus growth under whole blood flow conditions
Authors: Shida Yasuaki , Nishio Kenji , Sugimoto Mitsuhiko , Mizuno Tomohiro , Hamada Masaaki , Kato Seiji , Matsumoto Masanori , Okuchi Kazuo , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Yoshioka Akira 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The metalloprotease ADAMTS13 is assumed to regulate the functional levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) appropriate for normal hemostasis in vivo by reducing VWF multimer size, which directly represents the thrombogenic activity of this factor. Using an in vitro perfusion chamber system, we studied the mechanisms of ADAMTS13 action during platelet thrombus formation on a collagen surface under whole blood flow conditions. Inhibition studies with a function-blocking anti-ADAMTS13 antibody, combined with immunostaining of thrombi with an anti-VWF monoclonal antibody that specifically reflects the VWF-cleaving activity of ADAMTS13, provided visual evidence for a shear rate–dependent action of ADAMTS13 that limits thrombus growth directly at the site of the ongoing thrombus generation process. Our results identify an exquisitely specific regulatory mechanism that prevents arterial occlusion under high shear rate conditions during mural thrombogenesis.
Imprint cytology improves accuracy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy
Authors: Chang Y-C. , Yu C-J. , Lee W-J. , Kuo S-H. , Hsiao C-H. , Jan I-S. , Hu F-C. , Liu H-M. , Chan W-K. , Yang P-C. 
Published: October 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether imprint cytology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided transthoracic core biopsy.Between October 1997 and June 2004, thoracic lesions in 622 patients underwent biopsy using 19-gauge coaxial guiding needles and 20-gauge biopsy needles under computed tomography guidance. Touch imprint cytology and histopathology were performed for all biopsy specimens.Of these lesions, 431 (74.1%) were diagnosed as malignant, 151 (25.9%) as benign and 40 (6%) as nondiagnostic. Imprint cytology plus histology shows an improved diagnostic accuracy of 96.4% compared with that of imprint cytology alone (92.3%) or histopathology alone (93.0%). Procedure-related complications requiring further treatment occurred in eight (1.4%) patients.In conclusion, imprint cytology combined with histopathology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy.