bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Guided Reading: Gateway to English as a Second Language and Literacy Learning
Authors: Avalos Mary A. , Plasencia Alina , Chavez Celina , Rascón Josefa 
Published: November 2007

Guided reading is an important component of a comprehensive literacy program. Using this approach to reading instruction is beneficial to all students, including English‐language learners (ELLs). While guided reading is generally used in the early elementary grades, this approach is recommended for ELLs of all ages when appropriate methods and materials are used. Teachers can modify guided reading to better meet the literacy and second language (L2) learning needs of ELLs.Building on previous work in the area of guided reading and L2 reading instruction, this article describes guided‐reading modifications for ELLs, integrating reading, writing, listening, and speaking to build the four language skills. A lesson‐planning guide and examples are provided for teachers who are facing the challenge of providing language and literacy instruction to students learning to read in their L2.
Effect of frequency altered feedback and audience size on stuttering
Authors: ARMSON JOY , FOOTE SHEILA , WITT COLLEEN , KALINOWSKI JOSEPH , STUART ANDREW 
Published: November 2007

AbstractsThe effect of frequency altered feedback (FAF) and audience size on stuttering frequency was examined. Nine adults who stutter orally read to audiences of two, four and 15 people under conditions of FAF (one‐half octave shift down) and non‐altered auditory feedback (NAF). There was no statistically significant effect of audience size on stuttering frequency (p>0.05). A statistically significant reduction in stuttering frequency was found under FAF relative to NAF (p<0.5). Collapsed across audience conditions, stuttering frequency was reduced by 74%. These findings suggest that FAF may be useful as a treatment tool.L'on a examiné l'effet sur la fréquence de bégaiement, du feedback avec changement de fréquence fondamentale (FAF dans le texte en anglais), et due nombre des auditeurs. Neuf adultes bègues ont lu à voix haute à des groupes de respectivement deux, quatre et 15 auditeurs, soit avec un feedback FAF baissé d'un demi octave, soit avec un feedback auditif non modifié (NAF). Il n'y a eu aucun effet significatif du nombre des auditeurs sur la fréquence de bégaiement (p<0,05). L'on a remaré une réduction statistiquement significative de cette fréquence pendant le FAF, par rapport au NAF (p<0,5). Etalée à travers les diverses conditions de nombre d'auditeurs la fréquence de bégaiement était réduite de 74%. Ces données suggèrent que le FAF peut ětre utile en tant 'instrument de traitement.Der Einfluβ auf das Stottern von frequenzveränderter Rückkopplung (frequency altered feedback: FAF) und Gröβe der Zuhörergruppe wurde untersucht. Neun erwachsene Stotterer fasen vor Gruppen von 2, 4 und 15 Zuhören under FAF‐Bedingungen (Frequenzsenkung von 6,5 Oktave) und nichveränderten Bedingungen (NAF) vor. Der Effekt der Zuhörergruppe war nicht signifikant (p>0,05). Unter FAF‐Bedingungen wurde eine signifikant Reduktion des Stotterns (p>0,05) gefunden. Die verschiedenen Zuhörerbedingungen zusammengenommen reduzierte sich das Stottern um 74%. Dieses Ergebnis weist auf das Potential der FAF als Behandlungsmethode hin.
The Visceral City and the Theatre of Fear
Authors: Sundaram Ravi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver the last decade in India, intensive urbanisation, with the aid of the mass media, has unleashed a new culture of fear. Widespread access to TV, text messaging and the Internet have heightened and played upon individuals' anxieties. Ravi Sundaram describes how in Delhi, in particular, the media provided the catalyst for ‘mass hysteria’ and ‘psychosis’ during the summer of 2002. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunohistochemical analysis as a means to predict responsiveness to rituximab treatment
Authors: Teng Y. K. Onno , Levarht E. W. Nivine , Hashemi Mojtaba , Bajema Ingeborg M. , Toes René E. M. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , van Laar Jacob M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveAnti‐CD20–mediated B cell depletion with rituximab is a new and effective therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although B cells in peripheral blood (PB) are consistently depleted in all patients, the clinical effects are more heterogeneous, possibly related to differences in the depleting effects of lymphoid or solid tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate B cell depletion in different compartments (PB, bone marrow, and synovium) and determine predictive variables for responsiveness to rituximab therapy.MethodsBefore and 12 weeks after rituximab treatment, samples of PB, bone marrow, and synovium were collected from 25 patients with RA refractory to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and tumor necrosis factor–blocking agents. CD19+ and CD20+ B cells in PB and bone marrow were measured by flow cytometric analysis, whereas CD79a+ and cytoplasmic CD20+ B cells in the synovium were stained by immunohistochemistry. The effects of rituximab on serum Ig and autoantibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsRituximab effectively depleted the CD20+ subset of B cells in the PB, bone marrow, and synovium of RA patients. Rituximab significantly reduced autoantibody production (anti–citrullinated protein antibodies [ACPAs] and rheumatoid factor [RF]), in part due to a nonspecific decrease in total Ig production. Importantly, positivity for circulating ACPA IgM, in combination with a high infiltration of CD79a+ B cells in the synovium, but not of CD138+ plasma cells, was a predictor of clinical outcome after rituximab treatment. ACPA IgM titers were independently associated with synovial infiltration of CD20−,CD79a+ B cells, but not with CD138+ plasma cells.ConclusionThese data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of CD20‐mediated B cell depletion in the lymphoid and solid tissues of RA patients and suggest a pivotal role for ACPA IgM–producing plasmablasts in RA.
Retracted:The efficacy and safety of diacerein in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with primary end points at two months after the end of a three‐month treatment period
Authors: Pavelka Karel , Trč Tomáš , Karpaš Karel , Vı´tek Petr , Sedláčková Marie , Vlasáková Věra , Böhmová Jana , Rovenský Jozef 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the efficacy of diacerein persists at 2 months after the end of a 3‐month treatment period, compared with placebo, in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsAfter a 1‐week nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug washout period, patients received either diacerein or placebo for 3 months, followed by an off‐treatment period of 3 months to determine the carryover effects of the drug. Although patients were followed up through month 6, the primary efficacy end point was the percent change from baseline in pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] A) at month 5 (i.e., 2 months after the end of treatment) compared with placebo. The co–primary efficacy end point was the percent change from baseline in the total WOMAC score, also at month 5 versus placebo.ResultsTwo hundred three patients were screened, and 168 patients with painful knee OA were randomized. One hundred sixty‐five patients were analyzed in an intent‐to‐treat analysis. At month 5, diacerein showed statistically significant superiority versus placebo as assessed with both the WOMAC A (P< 0.0001) and the total WOMAC (P< 0.0001), demonstrating the carryover effect of the drug. This superiority was already evident from month 2 for pain (P= 0.001) and month 1 for total WOMAC (P= 0.0021). Diacerein was safe and well tolerated. No serious or previously undocumented adverse events were observed during the study.ConclusionThis is the first published study of a symptomatic slow‐acting OA drug in which the time of assessment of the primary outcome end points was 2 months after the end of a 3‐month treatment period. The results show that diacerein is safe and effective for the treatment of knee OA and has a long carryover effect.
Identification of novel susceptibility genes in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus using a uniquely designed candidate gene pathway platform
Authors: Jacob Chaim O. , Reiff Andreas , Armstrong Don L. , Myones Barry L. , Silverman Earl , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , McCurdy Deborah , Wagner‐Weiner Linda , Nocton James J. , Solomon Aaron , Zidovetzki Raphael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveChildhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents a unique subgroup of patients for genetic study. The present study was undertaken to identify susceptibility genes contributing to SLE, using a novel candidate gene pathway microarray platform to investigate gene expression in patients with childhood‐onset SLE and both of their parents.MethodsUtilizing bioinformatic tools, a platform of 9,412 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1,204 genes was designed and validated. Molecular inversion probes and high‐throughput SNP technologies were used for assay development. Seven hundred fifty three subjects, corresponding to 251 full trios of childhood‐onset SLE families, were genotyped and analyzed using transmission disequilibrium testing (TDT) and multitest corrections.ResultsFamily‐based TDT showed a significant association of SLE with a N673S polymorphism in the P‐selectin gene (SELP) (P= 5.74 × 10−6) and a C203S polymorphism in the interleukin‐1 receptor–associated kinase 1 gene (IRAK1) (P= 9.58 × 10−6). These 2 SNPs had a false discovery rate for multitest correction of <0.05, and therefore a >95% probability of being considered as proven. Furthermore, 7 additional SNPs showed q values of <0.5, suggesting association with SLE and providing a direction for followup studies. These additional genes notably included TNFRSF6 (Fas) and IRF5, supporting previous findings of their association with SLE pathogenesis.ConclusionSELP and IRAK1 were identified as novel SLE‐associated genes with a high degree of significance, suggesting new directions in understanding the pathogenesis of SLE. The overall design and results of this study demonstrate that the candidate gene pathway microarray platform used provides a novel and powerful approach that is generally applicable in identifying genetic foundations of complex diseases.
Hypoxia‐induced increase in the production of extracellular matrix proteins in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Distler Jörg H. W. , Jüngel Astrid , Pileckyte Margarita , Zwerina Jochen , Michel Beat A. , Gay Renate E. , Kowal‐Bielecka Otylia , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Schett Georg , Marti Hugo H. , Gay Steffen , Distler Oliver 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveInsufficient angiogenesis with tissue ischemia and accumulation of extracellular matrix are hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Based on the severely decreased oxygen levels in the skin of patients with SSc, we aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of SSc.MethodsSubtractive hybridization was used to compare gene expression in dermal fibroblasts under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Dermal fibroblasts were further characterized by exposure to different concentrations of oxygen and for different time periods as well as by interference with hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α). The systemic normobaric hypoxia model in mice was used for in vivo analyses.ResultsSeveral extracellular matrix proteins and genes involved in extracellular matrix turnover, such as thrombospondin 1, proα2(I) collagen, fibronectin 1, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3, and transforming growth factor β–induced protein, were induced by hypoxia in SSc and healthy dermal fibroblasts. The induction of these genes was time‐ and dose‐dependent. Experiments with HIF‐1α–knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, deferoxamine/cobalt ions as chemical stabilizers of HIF‐1α, and HIF‐1α small interfering RNA consistently showed that extracellular matrix genes are induced in dermal fibroblasts by HIF‐1α–dependent, as well as HIF‐1α–independent, mechanisms. Using the systemic normobaric hypoxia mouse model, we demonstrated that dermal hypoxia leads to the induction of the identified extracellular matrix genes in vivo after both short exposure and prolonged exposure to hypoxia.ConclusionThese data show that hypoxia contributes directly to the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc by increasing the release of major extracellular matrix proteins. Targeting of hypoxia pathways might therefore be of therapeutic value in patients with SSc.
Beneficial effect of galectin 9 on rheumatoid arthritis by induction of apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Seki Masako , Sakata Ken‐Mei , Oomizu Souichi , Arikawa Tomohiro , Sakata Atsuko , Ueno Masaki , Nobumoto Atsuya , Niki Toshiro , Saita Naoki , Ito Kanako , Dai Shu‐Yan , Katoh Shigeki , Nishi Nozomu , Tsukano Michishi , Ishikawa Kouichiro , Yamauchi Akira , Kuchroo Vijay , Hirashima Mitsuomi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the expression of galectin 9 (Gal‐9) in synovial tissue (ST) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and to evaluate the effects of Gal‐9 on fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) in these patients.MethodsThe expression of Gal‐9 in ST and FLS was compared using immunohistochemical techniques. Apoptotic cells in RA and OA ST samples were detected by TUNEL assay. Apoptosis of FLS was analyzed by the sub‐G1 method in vitro. The in vivo suppressive effects of Gal‐9 on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in a mouse model were also elucidated.ResultsThe percentage of Gal‐9–positive cells in ST samples and the amount of Gal‐9 in synovial fluid samples were significantly higher in patients with RA than in patients with OA, suggesting the involvement of Gal‐9 in the development of RA. Compared with the 2 wild‐type Gal‐9 forms, stable Gal‐9, a mutant protein resistant to proteolysis, significantly induced apoptosis of FLS from RA patients. In contrast, other galectins, such as Gal‐1, Gal‐3, and Gal‐8, did not induce apoptosis or suppress the proliferation of human RA FLS. Stable Gal‐9 preferentially induced apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of RA FLS in vitro. It also induced apoptosis of cells in RA ST implanted into SCID mice in vivo. In a mouse model of CIA, apoptotic cells were detected in the joints of stable Gal‐9–treated mice, but not phosphate buffered saline–treated mice, and suppressed CIA characterized by pannus formation with inflammatory cell infiltration and bone/cartilage destruction.ConclusionGal‐9–induced apoptosis of hyperproliferative RA FLS may play a critical role in the suppression of RA.
Influence of −308 A/G polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor α gene on etanercept treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Guis Sandrine , Balandraud Nathalie , Bouvenot Julien , Auger Isabelle , Toussirot Eric , Wendling Daniel , Mattei Jean‐Pierre , Nogueira Leonor , Mugnier Benedicte , Legeron Pierre , Landt Olfert , Serre Guy , Roudier Jean , Roudier Chantal 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the −308 A/G tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene polymorphism can predict the outcome of etanercept therapy in 86 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as already observed in patients treated with infliximab.MethodsEighty‐six RA patients treated with etanercept were genotyped for −308 A/G TNFα gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis, using specific gene primers and probes. Patients were subdivided into group A (G/A genotype) and group G (G/G genotype). We compared clinical responses to etanercept between groups A and G after 6 months, using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). After 12‐month treatment, 48 of 86 patients were evaluated again.ResultsOf 86 patients, 18 (21%) belonged in group A and 68 (79%) belonged in group G. After 6‐month treatment, 55.6% of patients in group A and 82.4% of patients in group G had DAS28 improvement >1.2 (P = 0.027 by chi‐square). The mean ± SD DAS28 improvement was 1.69 ± 1.31 in group A and 2.23 ± 1.19 in group G (P = 0.098 by t‐test). After 1‐year treatment 48 patients were tested again: 10 (21%) belonged in group A and 38 (79%) belonged in group G. Forty percent of patients in group A and 87% in group G had DAS28 improvement >1.2 (P = 0.005 by chi‐square). The mean ± SD DAS28 improvement was 1.334 ± 1.37 in group A and 2.29 ± 1.47 in group G (Mann‐Whitney U test = 115, P = 0.0057).ConclusionRA patients with a −308 G/G TNFα genotype respond to etanercept better than patients with a −308 A/G genotype.
Disease remission and sustained halting of radiographic progression with combination etanercept and methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van der Heijde D. , Klareskog L. , Landewé R. , Bruyn G. A. W. , Cantagrel A. , Durez P. , Herrero‐Beaumont G. , Molad Y. , Codreanu C. , Valentini G. , Zahora R. , Pedersen R. , MacPeek D. , Wajdula J. , Fatenejad S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe Trial of Etanercept and Methotrexate with Radiographic Patient Outcomes (TEMPO) is a 3‐year, double‐blind, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of etanercept, methotrexate, and the combination of etanercept plus methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The results after 1 and 2 years of the study have been previously reported. Here we provide the 3‐year clinical and radiographic outcomes and safety of etanercept, methotrexate, and the combination in patients with RA.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, multicenter TEMPO study, 682 patients received etanercept 25 mg twice weekly, methotrexate ≤20 mg weekly, or the combination. Key efficacy assessments included the Disease Activity Score (DAS) and the DAS in 28 joints.ResultsCombination therapy resulted in significantly greater improvement in the DAS and in more patients with disease in remission than either monotherapy. This finding was confirmed by longitudinal analysis; patients receiving combination therapy were more than twice as likely to have disease in remission than those receiving either monotherapy. Independent predictors of remission included male sex, lower disease activity, lower level of joint destruction, and/or better physical function. Combination and etanercept therapy both resulted in significantly less radiographic progression than did methotrexate (P < 0.05). Etanercept and combination treatment were well tolerated, with no new safety findings.ConclusionEtanercept plus methotrexate showed sustained efficacy through 3 years and remained more effective than either monotherapy, even after adjustment for patient withdrawal. Combination therapy for 3 years led to disease remission and inhibition of radiographic progression, 2 key goals for treatment of patients with RA.
Impact of folic acid food fortification on the birth prevalence of lipomyelomeningocele in Canada
Authors: De Wals Philippe , Van Allen Margot I. , Lowry R. Brian , Evans Jane A. , Van den Hof Michiel C. , Crowley Marian , Tairou Fassiatou , Uh Soo‐Hong , Sibbald Barbara , Zimmer Pamela , Fernandez Bridget , Lee Nora S. , Niyonsenga Théophile 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recent studies reported no reduction in the frequency of lipomeningomyelocele (LMMC) in Hawaii and Nova Scotia after the implementation of a folic acid food fortification policy in 1998, while a marked reduction in the prevalence of other NTDs was observed. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of LMMC in Canada in relation to the timing of food fortification. METHODS: The study population included livebirths, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancies because of fetal anomaly to women residing in seven Canadian provinces, from 1993 to 2002. In each province, the ascertainment of NTD cases relied on multiple sources, and in addition all medical charts were reviewed. The study period was divided into pre‐, partial, and full fortification periods, based on results of red cell folate tests published in the literature. RESULTS: A total of 86 LMMC cases were recorded among approximately 1.9 million live births. The average birth prevalence rate was 0.05/1,000, ranging from a minimum of 0.01/1,000 in 2002 to a maximum of 0.08/1,000 in 1999. There was statistical heterogeneity between years (p = .01), but no pattern compatible with a decrease following fortification. Comparing the full fortification period with the prefortification period, there was a slight but not statistically significant decrease in LMMC birth prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: LMMC seems to be pathogenically distinct from myelomeningocele and more studies are needed to understand the embryologic mechanisms leading to this condition, and the environmental and genetic factors involved in its etiology. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization and interpretation of birth defects data using linked micromap plots
Authors: Gebreab Samson Y. , Gillies Robert R. , Munger Ronald G. , Symanzik Jürgen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Many states have implemented birth defects surveillance systems to monitor and disseminate information regarding birth defects. However, many of these states rely on tabular methods to disseminate statistical birth defects summaries. An innovative presentation technique for birth defect data that portrays the information in a joint geographical and statistical context is the linked micromap (LM) plot. METHODS: LM plots were generated for oral cleft data at two geographical resolutions—USA states and counties of Utah. The LM plots also included demographic and behavioral risk data. RESULTS: A LM plot for the USA reveals spatial patterns indicating higher oral cleft occurrence in the southwest and the midwest and lower occurrence in the east. The LM plot also indicates relationships between oral cleft occurrence and maternal smoking rates and the proportion of American Indians and Alaskan Natives. In particular, the five states with the highest oral cleft occurrence had a higher proportion of American Indians and Alaskan Natives. Among the 15 states with the highest oral cleft occurrence, nine had a smoking rate of 16% or higher while among the 15 states with the lowest oral cleft occurrence only one state had a smoking rate greater than 16%. The LM plot for the state of Utah shows no clear geographic pattern, due perhaps to a relatively small number of cases in a limited geographic area. CONCLUSIONS: LM plots are effective in representing complex and large volume birth defects data. Integration to birth defects surveillance systems will improve both presentation and interpretation. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Receptor Pharmacology of the Group II mGlu Receptor Ligand (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)‐2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane‐2,6‐dicarboxylic Acid—HYDIA
Authors: Woltering Thomas J. , Adam Geo , Huguenin Philipp , Wichmann Jürgen , Kolczewski Sabine , Gatti Silvia , Bourson Anne , Kew James N. C. , Richards Grayson , Kemp John A. , Mutel Vincent , Knoflach Frédéric 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis and receptor pharmacology of (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)‐2‐amino‐3‐Hydroxy‐bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane‐2,6‐dicarboxylic Acid (+)‐9(HYDIA) and a few of its O‐alkylated derivatives are described. The key step of the synthesis utilizes Sharpless’ asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD‐β) for the kinetic resolution of a bicyclic racemic precursor olefin. In contrast to the bicyclic glutamate analogue LY354740, which is a potent and selective agonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), these new conformationally restricted and also hydroxylated or alkoxylated glutamate analogues are potent and selective antagonists for the group II mGluRs.