bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin‐immunoreactive axon terminals innervate pyramidal cells and interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala
Authors: Muller Jay F. , Mascagni Franco , McDonald Alexander J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala (BLC) receives a dense serotonergic innervation that appears to play a critical role in the regulation of mood and anxiety. However, little is known about how serotonergic inputs interface with different neuronal subpopulations in this region. To address this question, dual‐labeling immunohistochemical techniques were used at the light and electron microscopic levels to examine inputs from serotonin‐immunoreactive (5‐HT+) terminals to different neuronal subpopulations in the rat BLC. Pyramidal cells were labeled by using antibodies to calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, whereas different interneuronal subpopulations were labeled by using antibodies to a variety of interneuronal markers including parvalbumin (PV), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calretinin, calbindin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin. The BLC exhibited a dense innervation by thin 5‐HT+ axons. Electron microscopic examination of the anterior basolateral nucleus (BLa) revealed that 5‐HT+ axon terminals contained clusters of small synaptic vesicles and a smaller number of larger dense‐core vesicles. Serial section reconstruction of 5‐HT+ terminals demonstrated that 76% of these terminals formed synaptic junctions. The great majority of these synapses were symmetrical. The main targets of 5‐HT+ terminals were spines and distal dendrites of pyramidal cells. However, in light microscopic preparations it was common to observe apparent contacts between 5‐HT+ terminals and all subpopulations of BLC interneurons. Electron microscopic analysis of the BLa in sections dual‐labeled for 5‐HT/PV and 5‐HT/VIP revealed that many of these contacts were synapses. These findings suggest that serotonergic axon terminals differentially innervate several neuronal subpopulations in the BLC. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:314–335, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new allele uncovers the role of echinus in the control of ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye
Authors: Montrasio Silvia , Mlodzik Marek , Fanto Manolis 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe precise orientation of the ommatidia in the Drosophila eye is achieved through a specialized process of cell migration taking place in the third‐instar eye imaginal disc when ommatidial clusters rotate by 90 degrees. This process is strictly coordinated with the establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP), but it relies on a specific set of genes that control its mechanism independently from PCP signaling. Recently, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has been implicated in determining ommatidial rotation. We have isolated a new allele of echinus, a gene known to control the patterning and number of interommatidial cells. We show that echinus displays defects in the rotation of ommatidia that are not evident until mid‐pupal stages, and we propose that echinus action is that of opposing EGFR by an unknown mechanism and that this can explain both its influence in ommatidial rotation and lattice programmed cell death (PCD). Developmental Dynamics 236:2936–2942, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemically Induced Iron Release of Adsorbed Horse Spleen Ferritin: Quantitation of Iron Using Long Optical Path Length Thin‐Layer Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Kreutzian Todd B. , Seraj Khalid S. A. , Anderson Larry G. , Zapien Donald C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this work, long optical path length thin‐layer electrochemical cell was constructed using indium‐tin oxide on glass as the electrode material. Iron release from ferritin adsorbed on the electrode was induced by applying a negative potential sweep in the presence of 1,10‐phenanthroline. The usefulness of spectroelectrochemistry as a means of determining the quantity of iron released from an adsorbed layer of ferritin is demonstrated.
Disposable Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes for Dual Electrochemiluminescence/Amperometric Detection: Sequential Injection Analysis of Oxalate
Authors: Chiu Mei‐Hsin , Wu Han , Chen Jyh‐Cheng , Muthuraman Govindan , Zen Jyh‐Myng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis work describes the development and application of an electrochemical cell specifically designed for disposable screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) suitable for simultaneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and amperometric detection in sequential injection analysis. The flow system with facility for photomultiplier tube via a fiber optic facing the SPCE is user‐friendly and makes the detection process very easy to operate. Instead of the need to constant deliver the chemiluminescence (CL) reagents to the reaction zone, sequential injection analysis allows a considerable reduction in the consumption of the sample and expensive CL reagents (such as Ru(bpy)$\rm{ _3^{2 + } }$ salts). The utility of the analyzer was demonstrated for the detection of oxalate based on the ECL reaction with Ru(bpy)$\rm{ _3^{2 + } }$. Under optimized conditions, in the presence of 100 μM Ru(bpy)$\rm{ _3^{2 + } }$, the linear ranges of peak current and ECL light intensity for oxalate distinctly varied from 10 μM to 5 mM and 0.1 μM to 100 μM, respectively. In other words, the linear detection can be covered over a four‐order range with the combination of these two signals.
Dissipative analogies between a schematic macro‐roughness arrangement and step–pool morphology
Authors: Canovaro Francesco , Solari Luca 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe investigate flow resistance developed by macro‐roughness represented by pebbles positioned on a granular layer according to a regularly spaced stripe pattern on steep bed slopes. Flume experiments under various geometrical and hydraulic conditions are carried out and interpreted by means of a theoretical model. Results show that flow resistance reaches a maximum and is due mainly to form drag when the spacing between macro‐roughness stripes is about 10 times the average macro‐roughness height. A statistical analysis based on various field observations of step–pool geometry underlines that this spacing appears to be one of the most frequent occurring in step–pool bed morphology sequences. Comparison between the present results and flow resistance evaluated for step–pools reproduced in the laboratory and observed in the field suggests that step–pool streams are characterized by a bed geometry able to develop the maximum flow resistance. Finally, a criterion is obtained to estimate flow resistance developed by natural step–pool streams when a formative flow discharge occurs based on geometric quantities only. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the Halide Counterion in the ROMP of exo‐Benzyl‐[2‐(3,5‐dioxo‐10‐oxa‐4‐aza‐tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐en‐4‐yl)ethyl]dimethyl ammonium Bromide/Chloride
Authors: Rankin David A. , Schanz Hans‐Jörg , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe describe results relating to the effect of halide counterion in the ROMP of a permanently cationic exo‐7‐oxanorbornene derivative. Statistical copolymerizations of exo‐benzyl‐[2‐(3,5‐dioxo‐10‐oxa‐4‐aza‐tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐en‐4‐yl)ethyl]dimethyl ammonium bromide/chloride were conducted at different molar ratios and the polymerizations evaluated with respect to their kinetic features, as well as their molecular mass profiles, as a function of conversion, and the ability to produce materials with narrow molecular mass distributions. The polymerization characteristics are rationalized in terms of the in situ formation of the mixed Grubbs' derivative RuClBr(PCy3)2CHPh and/or the dibromo analog RuBr2(PCy3)2CHPh.magnified image
Discontinuous deformation in an elastic material. Part 2. Energy dissipative and storage applications
Authors: Raman Arun , Farris Richard J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLarge amounts of energy dissipation are possible from a perfectly elastic material, cyclically deformed reel to reel, due to thermodynamic free expansions and contractions of the elastic material, (much like the throttling of a gas), rather than from internal or external friction. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that when the above principle is utilized, numerous applications are possible for elastomers as energy dissipative and storage devices including the following: torque control devices such as tension or torque controllers, and torque converters which can be used in automobile drive systems instead of friction clutches or differential gear assemblies. Using many steps in the stretching and contraction process can significantly minimize dissipation and create elastic energy storage devices. Such devices are employed as regenerative brake devices and mechanical energy batteries that are used in applications where modest amounts of energy are required. Current work also involves the design of thermomechanical heat engines, a simple device that utilizes heat input and obtains mechanical work output. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1521–1529, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hydrazine‐based polyimides from isomeric bis(chlorophthalimide)s
Authors: Yan Jingling , Li Taihang , Wang Zhen , Gao Lianxun , Ding Mengxian 
Published: September 2007

Abstract3,3′‐Dichloro‐N,N′‐biphthalimide (3,3′‐DCBPI), 3,4′‐dichloro‐N,N′‐biphthalimide (3,4′‐DCBPI), and 4,4′‐dichloro‐N,N′‐biphthalimide (4,4′‐DCBPI) were synthesized from 3‐ or 4‐chlorophthalic anhydrides and hydrazine in glacial acetic acid. The yield of 3,3′‐DCBPI (90%) was much higher than that of 4,4′‐DCBPI (33%) because of the better stability of the intermediate, 3‐chloro‐N‐aminophthalimide, and 3,3′‐DCBPI. A series of hydrazine‐based polyimides were prepared from isomeric DCBPIs and 4,4′‐thiobisbenzenethiol (TBBT) in N,N‐dimethylacetamide in the presence of tributylamine. Inherent viscosity of these polymers was in the range of 0.51–0.69 dL/g in 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) at 30 °C. These polyimides were soluble in 1,1,2,2‐terachloroethane, NMP, and phenols. The 5% weight‐loss temperatures (T5%s) of the polymers were near 450 °C in N2. Their glass‐transition temperatures (Tgs) determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry increased according to the order of polyimides based on 4,4′‐DCBPI, 3,4′‐DCBPI, and 3,3′‐DCBPI. The hydrolytic stability of these polymers was measured under acid, basic, and neutral conditions and the results indicated that the order was 3,3′‐DCBPI/TBBT > 3,4′‐DCBPI/TBBT > 4,4′‐DCBPI/TBBT. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4933–4940, 2007
Preparation and properties of well‐defined waterborne polyurethaneurea with fluorinated siloxane units in hard or soft segments
Authors: Su Teng , Wang Gui You , Hu Chun Pu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo series of well‐defined polyurethaneurea (PUU) aqueous dispersions consisting of fluorinated siloxane units in the hard and the soft segments, respectively, were prepared from polyester polyol, α,ω‐dihydroxypoly[(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl) methylsiloxane] (PTFPMS), dimethylolpropionic acid, isophorone diisocyanate, and ethylenediamine. These anionic aqueous dispersions were stable at the ambient temperature for more than 6 months. The experimental results showed that the water‐resistance performance of the PUU films prepared with the insertion of PTFPMS units into the hard segments (HFS series) were better than those prepared with the insertion of PTFPMS units into the soft segments (SFS series). The film prepared from the PUU aqueous dispersion incorporating 5 wt % PTFPMS in the hard segments exhibited the lowest water absorption amount (2.3 wt %) with the contact angle of water on the film surface greater than 90°. In comparison with the PUU film without adding PTFPMS, the waterproof performance and the mechanical properties of both HFS and SFS series were enhanced markedly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5005–5016, 2007
Thermodynamic Aspects of Equilibrium Ozone Generation
Authors: Ozonek Janusz , Fijalkowski Stefan , Czerwiński Jacek 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOzone generation is a power‐consuming process. However, the energy required thermodynamically for ozone synthesis is typically less than 20% of the actual energy consumption, and the remainder of the energy is transformed into heat and emitted to the environment. A model of the phenomena occurring during ozone electrosynthesis at equilibrium is presented. The main processes of ozone electrosynthesis and concurrent thermodynamical flow were investigated. The coupling between them and the influence of thermal states of the industrial ozonizers on the process efficiency are analyzed. An equation describing the temperature distribution in the ozonizer gap is derived.
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Chronic phencyclidine treatment increases dendritic spine density in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens neurons
Authors: Flores Cecilia , Wen Xianglan , Labelle‐Dumais Cassandre , Kolb Bryan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe examined whether repeated exposure to the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) produces enduring changes in dendritic structure in a manner similar to the stimulants cocaine and amphetamine. Adult rats were treated with i.p. injections of PCP (5 mg/kg) or saline, twice a day, for 5 consecutive days, for a total of 4 weeks. One month after the last injection, their brains were removed and processed for Golgi‐Cox staining. Prior exposure to PCP increased dendritic spine density in the mPFC and NAcc core, but not in the parietal cortex. These findings, which are similar to those observed after chronic treatment with cocaine and amphetamine, raise the possibility that, despite differences in their mechanisms of action, PCP and stimulant drugs may induce some of their enduring effects via common processes. Synapse 61:978–984, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lightning protection of overhead power distribution lines
Authors: Yokoyama Shigeru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere are two major protective methods against lightning outages on overhead distribution lines. One is by use of surge arresters and the other is by an overhead ground wire. Surge arresters have rather constant effect regardless of the type of lightning outage causes. On the other hand, the effect of an overhead ground wire is quite different against the two major causes: direct lightning hit and induced overvoltages. This paper shows how to design lightning protection for overhead power distribution lines taking these characteristics into account. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristics and utilization of dry roasted air‐classified navy bean protein fraction
Authors: Zabik M. E. , Uebersax M. A. , Lee J. P. , Aguilera J. M. , Lusas E. W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNavy beans,Phaseolus vulgaris, were dry roasted in a particle‐to‐particle heat exchanger, dehulled by air aspiration, pin‐milled and air‐classified to yield a high protein fraction. Proximate analyses, nitrogen solubility indices and oligosaccharide contents of this high protein fraction as influenced by processing parameters which affected final product temperature were determined. Farinograms of wheat/bean protein fraction composite flours were run. A high‐protein bean flour fraction was selected from these dry and roasted treatments and used in product development. Quality characteristics and consumer acceptability of high‐protein prototype products were evaluated. Results of this research indicate that the dry roasting process influences the characteristics of the air‐classified protein fraction. Flour color, nitrogen solubility and dough mixing properties were most greatly influenced by roasting time and temperature. Increased roasting resulted in increased browning and decreased nitrogen solubility and dough mixing stability. Wheat flour bread products, substituted with low levels of high‐protein bean flour, were of high quality.
Investigation and modeling of mass transfer in soybean oil hydrogenators
Authors: Chen A. H. , Mcintire D. D. , Gibson P. , Covey J. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) for soybean oil hydrogenation was determined from various sizes of hydrogenators, 0.2 kg, 45.5 kg, 455 kg, 15454 kg and 29100 kg. The 0.2 kg bench hydrogenator was shown to simulate and to approximate the gas/ liquid mass transfer resistance of the production hydrogenator. The activation energy for the production simulation of 7.2 kcal/mole, indicating the hydrogenation is strongly influenced by mass transfer. A mathematic model was constructed for the prediction of kLa when the calculated power per unit volume of oil (P/V), the ratio of the oil height vs hydrogenator diameter (H/T) and the Raynold's number of the agitator (Nre) are known. Production data obtained from the literature were used for testing the validity of the model; the maximum deviation was found to be 12%. Practical applications by using this model are also discussed.
Economic cost outlook for surfactant intermediates
Authors: Vogel W. J. B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSynthetic alcohol, natural alcohol and linear alkylbenzene (LAB) surfactant feedstocks will all be needed to meet market requirements in the coming decade. Of the synthetic alcohol processes, the Alfol® alcohol process, due to its strong byproduct credit, will be the most cost efficient. Moreover, LAB and natural alcohols will have the lowest production costs of all surfactant intermediates throughout the decade.
Peripheral neuropathy and inborn errors of metabolism in adults
Authors: Sedel F. , Barnerias C. , Dubourg O. , Desguerres I. , Lyon‐Caen O. , Saudubray Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2007

SummaryAlthough they are classically viewed as paediatric diseases, it is now recognized that inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) can present at any age from childhood to adulthood. IEMs can involve the peripheral nervous system, mostly as part of a more diffuse neurological or systemic clinical picture. However, in some cases, the neuropathy can be the unique initial sign. Here, based on our personal experience and on a comprehensive literature analysis, we review IEMs causing neuropathies in adults. Diseases were classified according to the predominant type of neuropathies into (1) acute neuropathies, (2) mononeuropathy multiplex, (3) chronic axonal polyneuropathies, (4) chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies, (5) small‐fibre neuropathies, and (6) lower motor neuron disease.
Spacer Effects in Novel Cationic Surfactants as a Primordial Parameter for an Optimal Inhibition of SRB
Authors: Ali Hanan El‐Sharkawy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFour bisquaternary ammonium surfactants, low toxic compounds capable of inhibiting sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), were synthesized and characterized by spectral studies IR,1H‐NMR and elemental analyses. The growth of the reference SRB (Desulfomonas pigra) was shown to be completely inhibited by bisquaternary ammonium surfactants. Structure–activity relationships are discussed, as well as the critical micelle concentration (cmc), the saturated adsorption amount (Г∞) and the minimum average area per surfactant molecule (Amin). The influence of the hydrophobic chain length, the number of methylene groups, and the influence of that spacer group on the surfactant properties of synthesized bisquaternary ammonium compounds are discussed. The presence of a long hydrophobic alkyl chain was a primordial parameter for optimal biological activity. The number of SRB and their inhibition efficiency were subject to considerable parameters, maximum values being noted in presence of all paper biocides. A direct relationship has found between the number of SRB and Amin.
A comparative evaluation of functions for partitioning nitrogen and amino acid intake between maintenance and growth in broilers
Authors: KEBREAB E. , FRANCE J. , KUHI H. DARMANI , LOPEZ S. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYThe results from three types of study with broilers, namely nitrogen (N) balance, bioassays and growth experiments, provided the data used herein. Sets of data on N balance and protein accretion (bioassay studies) were used to assess the ability of the monomolecular equation to describe the relationship between (i) N balance and amino acid (AA) intake and (ii) protein accretion and AA intake. The model estimated the levels of isoleucine, lysine, valine, threonine, methionine, total sulphur AAs and tryptophan resulting in zero balance to be 58, 59, 80, 96, 23, 85 and 32 mg/kg live weight (LW)/day, respectively. These estimates show good agreement with those obtained in previous studies. For the growth experiments, four models, specifically re-parameterized for analysing energy balance data, were evaluated for their ability to determine crude protein (CP) intake at maintenance and efficiency of utilization of CP intake for producing gain. They were: a straight line, two equations representing diminishing returns behaviour (monomolecular and rectangular hyperbola) and one equation describing smooth sigmoidal behaviour with a fixed point of inflexion (Gompertz). The estimates of CP requirement for maintenance and efficiency of utilization of CP intake for producing gain varied from 5·4 to 5·9 g/kg LW/day and 0·60 to 0·76, respectively, depending on the models.
Go Forth and Wikify!
Authors: Farley Martin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis Conference paper by Martin Farley gives an outline of four wikis in the legal sector and examines why they were established, how they operate and how successful they have been at achieving their objectives. It also includes a brief introduction to wikis, a list of examples of other possible uses within the legal sector and a broad overview of advantages, disadvantages and probable future developments. It aims to provide an idea of what is practically possible at the moment and where the potential of law wikis lies.
Learning from the Left
Authors: Mickenberg Julia L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
At the height of the Cold War, dozens of radical and progressive writers, illustrators, editors, librarians, booksellers, and teachers cooperated to create and disseminate children's books that challenged the status quo. This book provides the first historic overview of their work. Spanning from the 1920s, when both children's book publishing and American Communism were becoming significant on the American scene, to the late 1960s, when youth who had been raised on many of the books in this study unequivocally rejected the values of the Cold War, this book shows how “radical” values and ideas that have now become mainstream (including cooperation, interracial friendship, critical thinking, the dignity of labor, feminism, and the history of marginalized people), were communicated to children in repressive times. A range of popular and critically acclaimed children's books, many by former teachers and others who had been blacklisted because of their political beliefs, made commonplace the ideas that McCarthyism tended to call “subversive”. These books, about history, science, and contemporary social conditions as well as imaginative works like Harold and the Purple Crayon, Danny and the Dinosaur, and Millions of Cats; science fiction such as the Danny Dunn books, and popular girls' mystery series like the Kathy Martin books were readily available to children: most could be found in public and school libraries, and some could even be purchased in classrooms through book clubs that catered to educational audiences. Drawing upon interviews, archival research, and hundreds of children's books published from the 1920s through the 1970s, the book offers a history of the children's book in light of the history of the Left, and a new perspective on the links between the Old Left of the 1930s and the New Left of the 1960s.