bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Official Lithuanian Language in the Interwar Years
Authors: Pupkis Aldonas 
Published: March 2024

The article aims to show the state of the Lithuanian language in the years of the national movement at the turn of the 20th century and its functioning in the restored independent Lithuanian state from 1918 up to 1940 when it was occupied by the USSR.
Under the rule of the Russian Empire, the Lithuanian language was confined to the domestic setting: the press in the Latin script was banned and the use of Lithuanian in public was prohibited. As a continuation of the Springtime of Nations, the Lithuanian national movement relied on the Lithuanian-speaking society, and the language was perceived as one of the most important components of Lithuanianness. Scientific literature sometimes claims that the Lithuanian identity has been built on the philological foundation. This idea can be found in the history of many European nations, so the emphasis on the native language in Lithuania was nothing out of the ordinary.
Drawing on national legislation and archival data, the article outlines how the Lithuanian language was taking root in the state that declared its independence in 1918. Reform of the economy, development of culture and education, the choice of the Western way of life, and formalising Lithuanian as the official language in the 1922 Constitution, created favourable conditions for the Lithuanian language and culture to function independently in the entire public life.
The development of the Lithuanian language in the years of independence is analysed in three dimensions: legal (introducing the official language in all areas of life), structural (conducting research of the language, compiling the great dictionary, etc.), and educational (developing the modern theory of standard language grounded in structuralism and implementing its principles). The ideological basis of the educational work (as part of national upbringing), its implementers (the Lithuanian Language Society, different commissions and organizations), and the results thereof are also discussed.
MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL E ESQUIZOFRENIA: ALTERAÇÕES, TRATAMENTO E INTERFERÊNCIAS ALIMENTARES.
Authors: Damázio Louyse Sulzbach , Ioppi Zugno Alexandra 
Published: March 2024

A esquizofrenia é uma doença neuropsiquiátrica crônica e severa. A microbiota intestinal é essencial para o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento de sistemas cerebrais associados à respostas ao estresse e parece estar alterada nesta condição psiquiátrica. Este trabalho se trata de uma revisão de literatura que foca na influência da alteração da microbiota em esquizofrênicos, bem como no tratamento com probióticos e sensibilidades alimentares que alteram a flora intestinal. Pacientes com esquizofrenia possuem diversidade dos filos e gêneros de bactérias quando comparado a indivíduos controles. Também apresentam um aumento da translocação bacteriana e anticorpos anti-gliadina e anti-caseína. Sugere-se melhora dos sintomas e de marcadores bioquímicos após o tratamento com probióticos. Na sua fisiopatologia, a esquizofrenia apresenta reações auto-imunes, de sensibilidades alimentares e inflamatória, podendo alterar as composições microbianas no intestino.
A influência da alimentação na prevenção do câncer colorretal: uma revisão bibliográfica.
Authors: Zanette Netto Maiara , De Oliveira Marques Schérolin 
Published: March 2024

O câncer colorretal representa a neoplasia mais comum do trato gastrointestinal. É um dos cânceres mais comumente diagnosticados e a terceira causa de morte relacionada ao câncer no mundo. O CCR é caracterizado por fatores hereditários e esporádicos (consumo de álcool, alta ingestão de gordura, alimentos ricos em calorias, alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, obesidade, tabagismo e sedentarismo). Vários fatores de risco podem colaborar para o aparecimento dessa neoplasia, entretanto a alimentação parece ser o fator que contribui mais para o desenvolvimento do CCR e é capaz de alterar a microbiota intestinal. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica com a finalidade de analisar a influência da alimentação na prevenção do câncer colorretal. Para tal, buscou-se artigos originais e de revisão de diversos autores. O consumo de carne vermelha, alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, ingestão de alimentos gordurosos e ricos em calorias auxiliam no desenvolvimento do CCR. No entanto, o alto consumo de alimentos funcionais como frutas, vegetais, fibras, gorduras boas, probióticos e prebióticos ajudam na prevenção da neoplasia. Por fim, buscar uma alimentação saudável poderá modular a microbiota intestinal e prevenir o surgimento do câncer colorretal.

Palavras-chave: Alimentação; Câncer Colorretal; Dieta; Nutrição.
Síndrome de Franceschetti-Klein: Achados de imagem
Authors: De Aguiar da Costa Maiara , Brunel Alves Anita , Burato Wessler Leticia , Lin Jaime , Ludvig Gonçalves Cinara 
Published: March 2024

A síndrome de Franceschetti-Klein (SFK) teve somente em 1900 as suas principais características descritas por E. Treacher-Collins. E uma doença autossômica dominante rara que compromete o desenvolvimento craniofacial e apresenta uma incidência de cerca de 1 caso para cada 50.000 nascidos vivos. São consideradas características obrigatórias: fissuras palpebrais oblíquas em posição antimongolóide; anomalias da pálpebra inferior com a presença de colobomas ou alterações nos cílios; hipoplasia da maxila e mandíbula. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever todas as características clínicas da SFK através de imagens para facilitar o pronto reconhecimento da síndrome. Apresentamos um relato de caso de um paciente de seis anos com todas as características clínicas da síndrome de Franceschetti-Klein. Ainda que as manifestações clínicas sejam típicas, a presença de todos os achados não é rara e a descrição escrita e ilustrativa favorece o pronto reconhecimento da síndrome.
Palavras-chave: Ossos da face, Coloboma, Disostose Mandibulofacial, Doenças Otorrinolaringológicas.
Integrating Local Science and School Science: The Benefits for Preserving Local Wisdom and Promoting Students’ Learning
Authors: Kasi Yohanes Freadyanus , Widodo Ari , Samsudin Achmad , Riandi Riandi , Novia Novia , Sukmawati Wati , Shidiq Ari Syahidul 
Published: March 2024

<p dir="ltr"><span>Integrating local science into science learning benefits students and the culture. However, science teaching tends to focus only on the scientific content presented in the books but ignores the local culture. This paper explores local science in community cultural activities to be implemented in science learning to introduce students to cultural values following the concept of science. It identifies local science, describes the oral arguments produced by the tribal council, and analyzes the lesson plan by five science teachers in the Nagekeo district, East Nusa Tenggara. The data used in this analysis are observation and identification, interviews, and assessment sheets. The findings show that the local science in Nagekeo cultural activities that can be integrated into science learning includes the traditional unit and measurement systems, Newton's laws in their application to the traditional game, biodiversity in the traditional hunt, the concept of heat transfer, and its application in the construction of traditional houses, and vibrations, waves, and sounds in the traditional musical instrument. Recommendations from this research are embracing local science in science learning to provide meaningful learning for students and preserve local culture for each generation in the future so that it does not become extinct. </span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>
Virtual Reality and Surgical Simulation Training for Orthopaedic Surgery Residents
Authors: Kuhn Andrew W. , Yu Justin K. , Gerull Katherine M. , Silverman Richard M. , Aleem Alexander W. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The demonstrated benefits of virtual reality (VR) in orthopaedic surgical training are numerous. However, it is relatively unknown how best to implement VR into an already established orthopaedic resident education curriculum and how trainees will engage and use these technologies longitudinally.

Methods:
This was an exploratory, qualitative research study performed in accordance with Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Orthopaedic surgery residents at a single institution were recruited during the 2022 to 2023 academic year. Semistructured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed through grounded theory methodology, beginning with open coding, followed by axial coding, and concluding with selective coding that describes orthopaedic surgery residents' current perceptions of VR as a training tool.

Results:
Six residents participated in interviews before thematic saturation was achieved. Average interview length was 13:27 (±2:59) minutes. Residents felt that currently, VR is most useful for interns and junior residents as an educational adjunct for learning anatomy, surgical exposures, and the steps of a procedure in a risk- and judgment-free arena. There seems to be a “ceiling effect” with VR given current technological limitations, and residents remarked that there is an associated “opportunity cost” with using VR technology. Some residents may find it more time-efficient to study texts, videos, or surgical guides rather than use VR. Cost (limited number of headsets) and technological barriers (i.e., hardware, software, and Wi-Fi issues) were some of the described barriers to VR utilization. Residents felt that there needs to be dedicated technological support to help with these issues. At this time, given these limitations of VR, many preferred VR as an optional educational adjunct rather than as a required curricular tool or assessment of surgical competency.

Conclusions:
There is current utility for VR in orthopaedic surgical training. Future technological advances may make VR more central to resident education. This study describes resident perceptions about the technology and best use practices for the technology.

Level of Evidence:
Qualitative Study, Level V Evidence
Upper Jurassic Sediments in the Western Side of the Frolovskoye Basin in West Siberia: Diverse Patterns and Environments of Deposition
Authors: Nemova V.D. , Shakhov A.S. , Bazhukova T.A. , Isangulova A.M. , Kim O.O. , Skomorokhova A.D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
—The paper presents data on different types of Late Jurassic carbonaceous–siliceous–shale sequences of marine deposits in the western side of the Frolovskoye basin. The diverse sedimentation patterns in the area were presumably controlled by tectonics, sea bottom topography, and currents, with voluminous gas venting through large faults. Recent exploration drilling in the Elizarovo trough and the Vygnlor basin revealed Upper Jurassic sections of a previously unknown type with low-radioactivity lower strata markedly thicker at the account of biogenic radiolarite intercalations affected by postdepositional carbonatization. The lithology of these rocks is described with implications for deposition environments and extent of such sections.
WITHDRAWN: Entrepreneurship and Nigerian Economic Development Nexus in the Digitized Era
Authors: Onyejiaku Chinyere C. , Ngong Chi Aloysius , Onwumere Josaphat Uchechukwu Joe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
ExaAUAC: Arabic Twitter User Age prediction Corpus based on language and metadata features
Authors: Sadeghi Reyhaneh , Akbari Ahmad , Jaziriyan Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Twitter is a rich resource for analyzing the contents of social media and extracting the age groups of users can be beneficial for recommender systems, marketing and advertising, etc. Age detection task is an aspect of demographic information of users. In this study a large-scale corpus of Arabic Twitter users including 181k user profiles with age groups consisting of -18, 18-24, 25-34, 35-49, 50-64, +65 is presented. The corpus is created by various methods, such as collecting publicly available birthday announcement tweets using the Twitter Search application programming interface, manual annotation, augmenting data and fetching verified accounts.Different evaluations are tested to find the model with highest accuracy and efficiency. Number of tweets, regression vs. classification, using metadata of users and tweets, using baseline model vs. BERT are some parts of examinations done.Presented methodology is based on language and metadata features and final model is fine-tuned with BERT on 70k users and evaluated on 8200 manually annotated users. We show that our best model, compared with baseline model and BERT-based similar model yields an improvement of up to 9% in F1-score and increment of 5% in accuracy, respectively. The model achieved macro-averaged F1-score of 44 on six age groups, and F1-score of 58 on three age groups of -25, 25-34, +35. The link of our proposed data is provided here: www.github.com/exaco/ExaAUAC
Assessing climate induced resettlement impacts on livelihood vulnerability in flood-prone areas of Punjab, Pakistan; an application of livelihood vulnerability index
Authors: Ahmad Dilshad , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Population living in climate induced disaster vulnerable areas can mitigate risks by preventive resettlement strategies. However, prior to having resettlement risks and particular resettles livelihood impacts it is necessary to investigate those communities whose living have transformed through climate persuaded resettlement. Objective of this research work is to examine prior resettlement and after resettlement climate-based livelihood vulnerability variations of resettled two model villages flood prone community of Muzaffargarh. Livelihood vulnerability changes of resettled households were investigated by application of Livelihood vulnerability index that covers seven major components exposure, finance, water, health, social networks, livelihood strategy and sociodemographic profile. In this study data was collected by well-developed questionnaire from 241 households’ heads which resettled in two model villages from twelve flood prone union council areas. Data collected by direct interaction with respondents where questionnaire consists on some significant perspectives regarding resettlers subsidies receipts, physical conditions, job status, income aspect, socioeconomic perspective and damages of flood disasters prior and after resettlement. Livelihood vulnerability index each indicator values prior and after resettlement were calculated to determine in what way altered household’s livelihood after resettlement. Estimated outcomes of study indicated that vulnerability of health, water, livelihood strategy and exposure components were significantly declined when household moved to less flood prone areas owing to resettlement in well-construction model villages associated with government subsidies. On the other hand, some major components like finance and social networking becomes higher vulnerable owing to loss in economic activity and kinship which were deep rooted in original communities of households. In these resettled areas, proactive stance of concerned authorities or institutions and policy makers need to implement with compacted strategies to reduce financial risks and job vulnerabilities to develop sustainable livelihood of resettled households.
Biochemical Composition and Toxicity Assessment of Seaweeds from the Algerian Coast: Implications for Human Consumption and Marine Pollution
Authors: Ousmer Lila , Madani Zahia , Dahim Mohammed Abdullah , Boussebaa Walid , Adouane Meriem , Ouali Karima Ould , Msela Amine , Dahmoune Farid , Aleya Lotfi , Trabelsi Lamia , houali karim , Kadri Nabil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Seaweeds are widely used as food and natural remedies among the Asian population. In this study, the biochemical composition of Cystoseeira amentacea, Cystoseira sedoides, and Sargassum vulgare from the Algerian coast was evaluated. The results indicated that the protein content ranged from 8.62–9.56%, whereas the lipid content varied from 0.77 to 2.35%. The most prevalent unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (14.47–18.64%). The seaweeds contain phenolic compounds in varying amounts, LC-MS-MS analysis showed the presence of catechin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid. Moreover, the phaeophyta are rich in potassium and calcium. However, they accumulate high quantities of heavy metals including arsenic (403.92 ± 1.299 to 508.62 ± 1.364 mg/100g of dry matter). The results suggest that these algae are rich in primary and secondary metabolites, however, they cannot serve as human food, due to their toxicity. Consequently, they can used as bioindicators of marine pollution. Keyworlds : Seaweeds, Phenolic compounds, Fatty acids, Proteins, Flavonoids, Heavy metals.
Surgical Approach Selection for Congenital Long-Segment Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: wu wei , tan kezhe , sheng qingfeng , liu jiangbin , lv zhibao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the selection of timing and methods for curative surgery in patients with congenital long-segment Hirschsprung's disease with different lesion extents.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 22 children with congenital long-segment Hirschsprung's disease who were treated at our hospital from September 2013 to September 2020. Among them, there were 14 males and 8 females, with a median age of 8 months (ranging from 1 month to 6 years). The lesion extents included the proximal descending colon in 10 cases, transverse colon in 8 cases, colonic hepatic flexure in 2 cases, and ascending colon in 2 cases. Regarding the surgical timing, 13 cases underwent colostomy, and 1 case underwent ileostomy (9 cases in stage I surgery, 13 cases in stage II surgery). Follow-up was conducted to assess the complications and bowel function in the mid-to-long-term postoperative period according to different surgical approaches.
Results: Twenty-two patients underwent curative surgery for congenital long-segment Hirschsprung's disease using different surgical methods. The main surgical approaches included stage I surgery (laparoscopic-assisted Soave procedure in 7 cases, laparoscopic modified Duhamel procedure in 2 cases) and stage II surgery (laparoscopic-assisted Soave procedure in 2 cases, laparoscopic or open modified Duhamel procedure in 12 cases). The average duration of stage I surgery was 150 minutes (ranging from 120 to 300 minutes), while that of stage II surgery was 180 minutes (ranging from 160 to 320 minutes). No intraoperative complications or anastomotic leaks occurred. One case experienced postoperative rectal bleeding, which improved with conservative treatment, and two cases had postoperative anal pain, which gradually resolved. The defecation frequency ranged from 2 to 18 times per day within 4 weeks postoperatively and returned to normal (1-3 times per day) with an average time of 4.2 months (ranging from 1.6 to 4.8 months). The average follow-up period was 41 months (ranging from 14 to 83 months). Five cases experienced small bowel colitis postoperatively, and three cases had early constipation symptoms, which improved with conservative treatment. No anorectal malformations or fecal incontinence were observed during the follow-up.
Conclusion: 1. Laparoscopic-assisted or open modified Duhamel procedures are safe and feasible for the treatment of congenital long-segment Hirschsprung's disease. 2. The extent of lesion involvement in congenital long-segment Hirschsprung's disease can range from the sigmoid colon to the cecum, and different management methods should be selected based on the specific lesion extent.
Bio-efficacy of Solanum torvum (Sw.) against agricultural pest Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: R Murugesan , K Vasuki , B kaleeswaran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The antifeedant, larvicidal and histological effects of Solanum torvum leaf extracts were investigated against Spodoptera litura. The study found that the ethyl acetate leaf extract showed a significant antifeedant effect against S. litura of (86.16%) at 5%, followed by SNP (Solanum torvum based silver nanoparticles synthesis) showed the a good antifeedant activity of 61.33% at 600 ppm. Ethyl acetate extract showed a larvicidal activity against S. litura of 88.21% and the LC50 value was 2.05%. Exposure of larvae to ethyl acetate leaf extract resulted in significant histological damage, particularly affecting epithelial, goblet and digestive cells. The results suggest that the inclusion of these plant extracts in integrated pest management approaches can promote sustainable and environmentally friendly pest control methods in agriculture.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of 5th and 6th Grade Medical Students About Testicular Cancer
Authors: Önal Ayşe Emel , Yüce Servet , Koçak Elif Nur 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the last two semesters of medical faculty students who will start to practice medicine in the near future and to investigate their beliefs about this subject.
Materials and Methods
This descriptive study conducted between 01-10-2018 and 31-07-2019. The population of the study consisted of 5th and 6th grade students of a medical faculty 278 students.
Results
52.2% of the students had heard of self-testicular examination. 15.5% of male students reported that they performed self-testicular examination. 13.3% of the students reported that they received training in this subject in medical education. The rate of those students who stated that this issue was shown practically in clinics was 2.9%. For Champion's Health Belief Model Scale’s sub-sections, the mean for sensitivity was 11.01 ± 4.36, triviality-seriousness was 20.58 ± 5.92, benefits was 11,46 ± 2,99, barriers was 10,14 ± 4,04, and the mean of self-efficacy was 18.64 ± 5.26.
Conclusion and Recommendations:
According to the Health Belief Model, students' sensitivity to the subject was below the expected average score, the importance was above the expected average score, believing in the benefits of TSE (testicular self-examination) was higher than the average, the TSE barriers were below the average, and the self-efficacy scores were above the average. Medical students should be more sensitive about testicular cancer and their TSE rates should be increased and their behaviors to recommend and teach this examination to their patients should be increased.