bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and analytic validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the measurement of sugar probes in canine serum
Authors: Rodriguez Heriberto , Suchodolski Jan S. , Berghoff Nora , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To develop and analytically validate a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the quantification of lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, 3-O-methylglucose, and sucrose in canine serum.
Sample Population—Pooled serum samples from 200 dogs.
Procedures—Serum samples spiked with various sugars were analyzed by use of GC-MS. The method was analytically validated by determination of dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, intra-assay variability, and interassay variability.
Results—Standard curves ranging from 0.5 to 500 mg/L for each sugar revealed a mean r2 of 0.997. The lower detection limit was 0.03 mg/L for lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, and methylglucose and 0.12 mg/L for sucrose. The observed-to-expected ratios for dilutional parallelism had a mean ± SD of 105.6 ± 25.4% at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8. Analytic recoveries for the GC-MS assays of sugars ranged from 92.1% to 124.7% (mean ± SD, 106.2 ± 13.0%). Intra-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 6.8% to 12.9% for lactulose, 7.1% to 12.8% for rhamnose, 7.2% to 11.2% for xylose, 8.9% to 11.5% for methylglucose, and 8.9% to 12.0% for sucrose. Interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 7.0% to 11.5% for lactulose, 6.4% to 9.4% for rhamnose, 6.8% to 13.2% for xylose, 7.0% to 15.9% for methylglucose, and 5.5% to 9.4% for sucrose.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The GC-MS method described here was accurate, precise, and reproducible for the simultaneous measurement of sugar probes in canine serum.
Characterization of systolic intervals in healthy, conscious sheep
Authors: Kharin Sergey N. , Shmakov Dmitry N. , Vityazev Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To characterize systolic intervals of the left ventricle and their relationship with heart rate in conscious sheep.
Animals—11 healthy Romanov sheep (age range, 3 months to 10 years).
Procedures—Systolic intervals and indices of myocardial contractility of the left ventricle were measured in conscious sheep by use of polycardiography.
Results—The mean ± SD pre-ejection period was 59 ± 12 milliseconds, and the mean left ventricular ejection time was 194 ± 34 milliseconds. The mean myocardial tension index was 0.22 ± 0.05, and the mean ratio of the pre-ejection period to ejection time was 0.30 ± 0.09. Total electromechanical systole, mechanical systole, and ejection time varied inversely with heart rate. The electromechanical delay and pre-ejection period were not correlated with heart rate, nor were the myocardial tension index and the ratio of the pre-ejection period to ejection time. The isovolumetric contraction index and isovolumetric contraction time were not significantly correlated with heart rate, although the values for the correlation coefficient were moderate (r = −0.561 and r = −0.482, respectively).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although a larger study would be needed to provide reference intervals for healthy sheep, the results of the study reported here provided useful information for the cardiac evaluation of sheep.
Determination of cardiac output in anesthetized neonatal foals by use of two pulse wave analysis methods
Authors: Shih Andre C. , Giguère Steeve , Sanchez Linda C. , Valverde Alexander , Jankunas Hope J. , Robertson Sheilah A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by lithium arterial pressure waveform analysis (PULSECO) and CO measured by transpulmonary pulse contour analysis (PICCO) in anesthetized foals, with CO measured by use of lithium dilution (LIDCO) considered the criterion-referenced standard.
Sample Population—6 neonatal (1- to 4-day-old) foals that weighed 38 to 45 kg.
Procedures—Foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and CO. The CO was measured by use of PULSECO, PICCO, and LIDCO techniques. Measurements were converted to specific CO (sCO) values for statistical analysis. Measurements were obtained during low, intermediate, and high CO states.
Results—sCO ranged from 75.5 to 310 mL/kg/min. Mean ± SD PICCO bias varied significantly among CO states and was −51.9 ± 23.1 mL/kg/min, 20.0 ± 19.5 mL/kg/min, and 87.2 ± 19.5 mL/kg/min at low, intermediate, and high CO states, respectively. Mean PULSECO bias (11.0 ± 37.5 mL/kg/min) was significantly lower than that of PICCO and did not vary among CO states. Concordance correlation coefficient between LIDCO and PULSECO was significantly greater than that between LIDCO and PICCO. The proportion of observations with a relative bias < ± 30% was significantly lower with the PULSECO method than with the PICCO method.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Values for the PULSECO method were more reproducible and agreed better with values for the LIDCO method than did values for the PICCO method and were able to more accurately monitor changes in CO in anesthetized newborn foals.
Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on health, steroidogenesis, and thyroid gland function in dogs
Authors: Cerundolo Rosario , Michel Kathy E. , Court Michael H. , Shrestha Binu , Refsal Kent R. , Oliver Jack W. , Biourge Vincent , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of a soy-based diet on general health and adrenocortical and thyroid gland function in dogs.
Animals—20 healthy privately owned adult dogs.
Procedures—In a randomized controlled clinical trial, dogs were fed a soy-based diet with high (HID; n = 10) or low (LID; 10) isoflavones content. General health of dogs, clinicopathologic variables, and serum concentrations of adrenal gland and thyroid gland hormones were assessed before treatment was initiated and up to 1 year later. Differences between groups with respect to changes in the values of variables after treatment were assessed by means of a Student t test (2 time points) and repeated-measures ANOVA (3 time points).
Results—No differences were detected between the 2 groups with respect to body condition and results of hematologic, serum biochemical, and urine analyses. Most serum concentrations of hormones did not change significantly after treatment, nor were they affected by diet. However, the mean change in serum concentration of total thyroxine was higher in the HID group (15.7 pmol/L) than that in the LID group (–1.9 pmol/L). The mean change in estradiol concentration after ACTH stimulation at 1 year after diets began was also higher in the HID group (19.0 pg/mL) than that in the LID group (–5.6 pg/mL).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Phytoestrogens may influence endocrine function in dogs. Feeding soy to dogs on a long-term basis may influence results of studies in which endocrine function is evaluated, although larger studies are needed to confirm this supposition.
Effects of intramammary infusion of cis–urocanic acid on mastitis-associated inflammation and tissue injury in dairy cows
Authors: Bannerman Douglas D. , Rinaldi Manuela , Vinyard Bryan T. , Laihia Jarmo , Leino Lasse 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of cis–urocanic acid (cis-UCA) on mammary gland (MG) inflammation and injury associated with Escherichia coli–induced mastitis in dairy cows.
Animals—12 lactating dairy cows (36 MGs).
Procedures—At 7-week intervals, a different MG in each cow was experimentally inoculated with E coli. At 6-hour intervals from 6 to 36 hours after inoculation, the inoculated MG in each cow was infused with 40 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 12.5mM cis-UCA, or 25mM cis-UCA (4 cows/group); ultimately, each cow received each treatment. Immediately prior to and at various time points after inoculation and treatment, milk samples were collected. Bacterial CFUs, somatic cell counts (SCCs), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and concentrations of bovine serum albumin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cis-UCA were quantified in each milk sample.
Results—Compared with findings in saline solution–treated MGs, NAGase and LDH activities in milk samples from cis-UCA–treated MGs were lower. Cis-UCA had no effect on milk SCCs and milk concentrations of bovine serum albumin and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, cis-UCA had no adverse effect on bacterial clearance; CFUs of E coli in MGs treated with saline solution or cis-UCA were equivalent.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cows, milk NAGase and LDH activities were both lower in E coli–infected MGs infused with cis-UCA than in those infused with saline solution, which suggests that cis-UCA reduced mastitis-associated tissue damage. Furthermore, these data indicated that therapeutic concentrations of cis-UCA in milk can be achieved via intramammary infusion.
Identification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica organisms with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from fecal samples of cows in dairy herds
Authors: Heider Luke C. , Funk Julie A. , Hoet Armando E. , Meiring Richard W. , Gebreyes Wondwossen A. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To estimate the relationship between therapeutic use of ceftiofur and recovery of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from feces of dairy cattle.
Animals—3,840 mature dairy cows on 50 dairy herds in Ohio.
Procedures—Fecal samples were obtained from up to 100 mature dairy cows on each farm. Samples were screened for E coli and Salmonella spp with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone by use of selective media.
Results—E coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was recovered from 92% (46/50) of the herds and 60.9% (2,338/3,840) of cows. Salmonella spp were recovered from 44% (22/50) of the herds and 9.9% (382/3,840) of cows. No association was found between ceftiofur use and recovery of E coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone at the herd level. However, recovery of E coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was more likely from cows in herds in which Salmonella spp were also recovered on the day of collection (odds ratio, 24.96; 95% confidence interval, 3.17 to 196.68) than from herds in which Salmonella spp were not recovered. Odds of recovery of E coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from an individual cow increased 62% (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 2.25) for every 454-kg increase in herd milk production.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No evidence was found that the use of ceftiofur on dairy farms increases the prevalence or dissemination of Salmonella spp or E coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone.
Cardiovascular effects of fentanyl and propofol on hemodynamic function in rabbits
Authors: Baumgartner Christine M. , Koenighaus Hilke , Ebner Johanna K. , Henke Julia , Schuster Tibor , Erhardt Wolf D. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate short-term cardiovascular effects after IV administration of boluses of fentanyl in rabbits.
Animals—6 healthy New Zealand White rabbits.
Procedures—Each rabbit was anesthetized with propofol (4.0 to 8.0 mg/kg, IV); anesthesia was maintained by administration of propofol (1.2 to 1.3 mg/kg/min, IV). Subsequently, 3 injections of fentanyl (0.0053 mg/kg) were administered. Before and for 10 minutes after injections, the following variables were measured: vessel diameter, peak systolic blood flow velocity, minimum diastolic blood flow velocity, end-diastolic blood flow velocity, time-average blood flow velocity, mean volumetric flow (VFmean), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index for the left common carotid artery after the first injection and abdominal aorta after the third injection; mean arterial pressure (MAP); heart rate (HR); arterial oxygen saturation; end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide; and body temperature. Echocardiography was performed after the second injection.
Results—Fentanyl injections caused a transient and significant decrease in diameter and VFmean of the abdominal aorta and end-diastolic blood flow velocity of the left common carotid artery and an increase in peak systolic blood flow velocity and RI of the left common carotid artery. Also, MAP, HR, and body temperature decreased significantly after injections.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Fentanyl injections induced a short-term decrease of vessel diameter in the abdominal aorta and increased resistance in the distal distribution area of the left common carotid artery. Results revealed decreases in MAP, HR, and body temperature, with an increasing effect after the third bolus injection, which indicated a cumulative drug effect.
The phenomenology of exception times: Qualitative differences between problem‐focussed and solution‐focussed interventions
Authors: Wehr Thomas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSolution‐focussed brief therapy (SFBT) is a prominent psychotherapeutic approach that deals with a positive focus and promises brief interventions. In two experiments, a solution‐focussed technique was compared with a problem‐focussed intervention. By means of a structured questionnaire, subjects were encouraged to think about a standard (Experiment 1) or a facultative topic (Experiment 2). Subsequently, they generated either one or five exceptions or exemplary problem episodes. Dependent variables were confident in coping with the problem, ease of retrieval, psychic comfort and several phenomenological properties of the autobiographical memory. A solution‐oriented intervention increased self‐confidence and established a positive mood. Exception times had a more positive tone and were generally more easily retrieved than problem episodes.The study confirms the claims of the SFBT for empowerment and rapid reduction of current suffering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earwitness memory: distortions for voice pitch and speaking rate
Authors: Mullennix John W. , Stern Steven E. , Grounds Benjamin , Kalas Rob , Flaherty Mary , Kowalok Sara , May Eric , Tessmer Brian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn two experiments, memory distortions for voice pitch and speaking rate were examined. In both experiments, a significant distortion effect for voice pitch was observed, with listeners biased towards selecting voices lower in pitch than low‐pitch targets and selecting voices higher in pitch than high‐pitch targets. In contrast, for speaking rate there was little evidence for the production of memory distortions. The results are discussed in terms of transient surface properties of speech and how transience may be a factor in producing distortions. The results have implications for how errors arise during earwitness testimony for a suspect's voice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What remains of that day: The survival of children's autobiographical memories across time
Authors: Morris Gwynn , Baker‐Ward Lynne , Bauer Patricia J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study we investigated the contributions of the content and the coherence of initial event reports to the survival of autobiographical memories during part of the lifespan eventually obscured by childhood amnesia. Over 100 children reported personal experiences when they were 4, 6 or 8 years old, enabling a determination of age‐related differences in two aspects of narrative coherence: Theme and chronology. Content was assessed separately through the presentation of directed memory probes. After a 1‐year delay, younger children more frequently failed to report target experiences. Multilevel modelling indicated that the survivability of a memory was predicted over and above the child's age by high thematic coherence of the initial memory narrative, but not by the memory content. It is possible that memories described in a highly thematically coherent narrative are indicative of well‐integrated event memories, and thus likely to be cued more often, resulting in their long‐term survival. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐Selective Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Authors: Arpiainen Sanna , Jonsson Fredrik , Dekker James R. , Kocher Gudrun , Khunsin Worawut , Torres Clivia M. Sotomayor , Ahopelto Jouni 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA scalable method for site‐selective, directed self‐assembly of colloidal opals on topologically patterned substrates is presented. Here, such substrate contains optical waveguides which couple to the colloidal crystal. The site‐selectivity is achieved by a capillary network, whereas the self‐assembly process is based on controlled solvent evaporation. In the deposition process, a suspension of colloidal microspheres is dispensed on the substrate and driven into the desired crystallization sites by capillary flow. The method has been applied to realize colloidal crystals from monodisperse dielectric spheres with diameters ranging from 290 to 890 nm. The method can be implemented in an industrial wafer‐scale process.
Bimolecular Crystals of Fullerenes in Conjugated Polymers and the Implications of Molecular Mixing for Solar Cells
Authors: Mayer A. C. , Toney Michael F. , Scully Shawn R. , Rivnay Jonathan , Brabec Christoph J. , Scharber Marcus , Koppe Marcus , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain , McGehee Michael D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe performance of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells is heavily influenced by the interpenetrating nanostructure formed by the two semiconductors because the size of the phases, the nature of the interface, and molecular packing affect exciton dissociation, recombination, and charge transport. Here, X‐ray diffraction is used to demonstrate the formation of stable, well‐ordered bimolecular crystals of fullerene intercalated between the side‐chains of the semiconducting polymer poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene. It is shown that fullerene intercalation is general and is likely to occur in blends with both amorphous and semicrystalline polymers when there is enough free volume between the side‐chains to accommodate the fullerene molecule. These findings offer explanations for why luminescence is completely quenched in crystals much larger than exciton diffusion lengths, how the hole mobility of poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloxy)‐p‐phylene vinylene) increases by over 2 orders of magnitude when blended with fullerene derivatives, and why large‐scale phase separation occurs in some polymer:fullerene blend ratios while thermodynamically stable mixing on the molecular scale occurs for others. Furthermore, it is shown that intercalation of fullerenes between side chains mostly determines the optimum polymer:fullerene blending ratios. These discoveries suggest a method of intentionally designing bimolecular crystals and tuning their properties to create novel materials for photovoltaic and other applications.
Structure–Property Relation of SrTiO3/LaAlO3 Interfaces
Authors: Huijben Mark , Brinkman Alexander , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus , Hilgenkamp Hans , Blank Dave H. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA large variety of transport properties have been observed at the interface between the insulating oxides SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 such as insulation, 2D interface metallicity, 3D bulk metallicity, magnetic scattering, and superconductivity. The relation between the structure and the properties of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface can be explained in a meaningful way by taking into account the relative contribution of three structural aspects: oxygen vacancies, structural deformations (including cation disorder), and electronic interface reconstruction. The emerging phase diagram is much richer than for related bulk oxides due to the occurrence of interface electronic reconstruction. The observation of this interface phenomenon is a display of recent advances in thin film deposition and characterization techniques, and provides an extension to the range of exceptional electronic properties of complex oxides.
Atomic‐Level Studies of Molecular Self‐Assembly on Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Tomba Giulia , Ciacchi Lucio Colombi , De Vita Alessandro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractShrinking devices to the nanoscale, while still maintaining accurate control on their structure and functionality is one of the major technological challenges of our era. The use of purposely directed self‐assembly processes provides a smart alternative to the troublesome manipulation and positioning of nanometer‐sized objects piece by piece. Here, we report on a series of recent works where the in‐depth study of appropriately chosen model systems addresses the two key‐points in self‐assembly: building blocks selection and control of bonding. We focus in particular on hydrogen bonding because of the stability, precision and yet flexibility of nanostructures based on this interaction. Complementing experimental information with advanced atomistic modeling techniques based on quantum formalisms is a key feature of most investigations. We thus highlight the role of theoretical modeling while we follow the progression in the use of more and more complex molecular building blocks, or “tectons”. In particular, we will see that the use of three‐dimensional, flexible tectons promises to be a powerful way to achieve highly sophisticated functional nanostructures. However, the increasing complexity of the assembly units used makes it generally more difficult to control the supramolecular organization and predict the assembling mechanisms. This creates a case for developing novel analysis methods and ever more advanced modeling techniques.
Energy‐Level Alignment at Organic/Metal and Organic/Organic Interfaces
Authors: Braun Slawomir , Salaneck William R. , Fahlman Mats 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this Review, we summarize recent work on modeling of organic/metal and organic/organic interfaces. Some of the models discussed have a semiempirical approach, that is, experimentally derived values are used in combination with theory, and others rely completely of calculations. The models are categorized according to the types of interfaces they apply to, and the strength of the interaction at the interface has been used as the main factor. We explain the basics of the models, their use, and give examples on how the models correlate with experimental results. We stress that given the complexity of organic/metal and organic/organic interface formation, it is crucial to know the exact way in which the interface was formed before choosing the model that is applicable, as none of the models presented covers the whole range of interface interaction strengths (weak physisorption to strong chemisorption).
Efficient Hydrogenation of Benzaldehydes Over Mesopolymer‐Entrapped Pt Nanoparticles in Water
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Shen Yali , Song Liying , Wang Hongna , Wu Haihong , Liu Yueming , Wu Peng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTrapped! Mesopolymer‐entrapped Pt nanoparticles serve as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of benzaldehydes in water at ambient temperature. In comparison with the commercial Pt/alumina catalyst, the Pt/FDU‐14 catalyst shows superior performance in the hydrogenation reaction. The catalyst afforded high turnover frequencies and was reusable more than nine times without loss of activity or selectivity.magnified imagePt nanoparticles entrapped in the matrices of FDU‐14 periodic mesoporous organic polymer (abbreviated as mesopolymer), prepared by a simple and facile method, serve as an efficient catalyst for the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of benzaldehydes under mild conditions. Water was confirmed to be a better choice of solvent for the hydrogenation of benzaldehydes on the Pt/FDU‐14 catalyst. The highest activity (turnover frequency) was about 5700 mol mol−1 h−1 for 3‐fluorobenzaldehyde hydrogenation in water and no distinct loss of activity or selectivity was observed after the catalyst was recycled nine times. For the para‐substituted benzaldehydes, the catalytic performance of Pt/FDU‐14 was superior to the commercial Pt/alumina catalyst owing to the more hydrophobic nature of the FDU‐based catalyst.