bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over‐ and underreporting of energy intake by patients with metabolic syndrome using an automated dietary assessment website
Authors: PROBST Yasmine , TAPSELL Linda 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUnder‐ and overreporting of dietary intake in a face‐to‐face context is related to age, gender and body mass index. The use of computer technology in dietetic practice is restricted to analysis of nutrient data rather than assessment of the diet. DietAdvice, a website developed to allow patients with metabolic syndrome to self‐report their dietary intake, has been developed in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Patients are recruited by their general practitioner, and use the website, and the data are electronically fed to a dietitian for an individualised dietary prescription. The aim of the present study is to describe the reporting status of patients using a pilot test of the website from November 2004 to October 2005, and determine relationships to body mass index, gender and age. Reported energy intake (EI) was compared with predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR). Patients were classified as underreporting if EI : BMR <1.35 and overreporting if EI : BMR >2.4. Chi‐square and ordinal regression analyses were used to determine relationships to patient characteristics. Two hundred patients were recruited, of whom 57 had missing data or did not complete the assessment. Of the remaining 143 patients, 32.3% underreported their intakes, 21.7% overreported their intakes, and 46.2% were on target with their reporting. No relationships were found for age, gender or body mass index. Findings suggest that computerised dietary assessment may encourage patients to report with less bias than in a verbal dietary assessment when compared with the literature.
Monitoring, river restoration and the Water Framework Directive
Authors: England Judy , Skinner Kevin S. , Carter Matthew G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMonitoring is an important aspect of any procedure that seeks to determine whether a technique has worked effectively. The river restoration process is no different. Unfortunately, monitoring is often not undertaken due to constraints on time and resources, as well as the commonly held belief that river restoration is inherently a good thing and, as a result, monitoring is unnecessary. There are many reasons to monitor projects and among the most important is the need to learn from experiences and for regulatory compliance. This paper examines the issues associated with the monitoring of river restoration schemes. In particular, it details monitoring selection models focusing on those associated with ecology and geomorphology. The paper also considers the requirements of monitoring schemes that will help deliver the goals of the Water Framework Directive (WFD).
Accuracy of the ISIS bridge methods for prediction of afflux at high flows
Authors: Atabay Serter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental results and findings from investigation into the accuracy, capability and suitability of the ISIS software package to model flow through bridge structures. Different types of bridge models, in terms of soffit shape, set in a two‐stage channel with various roughness conditions, were used for this study. In order to simulate natural environmental conditions, the original experimental data were scaled up using the undistorted‐scale method. One‐dimensional ISIS bridge methods, the ARCH bridge method, USBPR bridge method and the Bernoulli loss unit, were applied to both original experimental data and the scaled‐up data. The results for the ARCH bridge method and the USBPR method of ISIS are significantly different from the measured data and the Bernoulli loss unit. The Bernoulli loss unit, which uses Bernoulli's equation in ISIS, is the most accurate method to compute the afflux of bridges in waterways.
Decision‐Making: A Neuroeconomic Perspective
Authors: Hardy‐Vallée Benoit 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article introduces and discusses from a philosophical point of view the nascent field of neuroeconomics, which is the study of neural mechanisms involved in decision‐making and their economic significance. Following a survey of the ways in which decision‐making is usually construed in philosophy, economics, and psychology, I review many important findings in neuroeconomics to show that they suggest a revised picture of decision‐making and ourselves as choosing agents. Finally, I outline a neuroeconomic account of irrationality.
Emotion
Authors: Goldie Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAfter many years of neglect, philosophers are increasingly turning their attention to the emotions, and recently we have seen a number of different accounts of emotion. In this article, we will first consider what facts an account of emotion needs to accommodate if it is going to be acceptable. Having done that, we will then consider some of the leading accounts and see how they fare in accommodating the facts. Two things in particular will emerge. First, an adequate account of emotion cannot be provided without taking into account a wide range of issues in philosophy of mind that extend beyond the emotions in particular. Secondly, the diversity of emotional phenomena makes it especially hard to provide anything like acomprehensiveaccount of emotion; philosophers not only disagree over what are the essential properties of emotion, but also over what are central cases.
Use of a serum‐based glomerular filtration rate prediction equation to assess renal function by age, sex, fasting, and health status in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Venn‐Watson Stephanie , Smith Cynthia R. , Dold Christopher , Ridgway Sam H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a direct measurement of renal function. Although clearance tests using 24‐h urine collection or blood sample series are gold standards for measuring GFR, serum‐based prediction of GFR based upon the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation is acceptable for routine use in human adults. The purpose of our study was to assess the ability for a modified MDRD Study equation to predict expected changes in GFR in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using a healthy dolphin population represented by 1,103 routine serum samples collected from 50 dolphins of all age groups, years 1998–2005. Predicted GFR was also calculated from serum collected from a 32‐yr‐old male dolphin with end‐stage renal disease. The dolphin‐adjusted MDRD equation predicted GFR changes in our population that paralleled what has previously been reported in other mammals, including decreasing predicted GFR with age (P < 0.01), higher predicted GFR in dolphins that had recently eaten (P < 0.01), and rapidly decreasing predicted GFR in the animal with end‐stage renal disease. We conclude that a serum‐based GFR prediction equation may be a feasible means of detecting and tracking renal function in bottlenose dolphins.
Estimating the impact of interactions between bottlenose dolphins and artisanal fisheries around the Balearic Islands
Authors: Brotons José María , Grau Antonio María , Rendell Luke 
Published: November 2007

AbstractInteractions between marine mammals and fisheries are a growing problem, and effective management requires assessment of the factors driving the interaction and of the impacts on fisheries. We used data from interactions between artisanal fisheries and bottlenose dolphins around the Balearic Islands to assess these factors and impacts. Observers collected data during 1,040 fishing operations over 3 yr. Location and year were important factors affecting interaction probability, with some areas showing large increases over the study period. We estimated the combined cost of catch loss and net damage as 6.5% of the total catch value (95% CI −12.3%, −1.6%), and the annual loss to be 3.4% (95% CI −6.5%, −0.1%) of the total catch by weight. This weight equates to the dietary needs of ∼12 dolphins (95% CI 0.2, 22), suggesting the fishery is not a vital food source for the dolphin population. Two dolphins died through entanglement during the observed fishing operations. We observed 3% of the total fishing activity, by weight, in 2003; scaling up this mortality directly suggests that as many as sixty dolphins may be dying in nets each year. This interaction likely has serious conservation implications for the dolphin population.
Multicenter Comparison of Different Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantitative Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus
Authors: Hayden R. T. , Hokanson K. M. , Pounds S. B. , Bankowski M. J , Belzer S. W. , Carr J. , Diorio D. , Forman M. S. , Joshi Y. , Hillyard D. , Hodinka R. L. , Nikiforova M. N. , Romain C. A. , Stevenson J. , Valsamakis A. , Balfour H. H. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT
Quantification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in peripheral blood is important for the diagnosis and management of serious EBV diseases, including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. A variety of PCR-based methods are currently in use; however, there is little information on their comparability. This study assessed the relative performance of different quantitative assays. A multicenter comparative study was performed at eight sites using three panels consisting of serial dilutions of quantified EBV DNA and extracts from a total of 19 whole-blood specimens. Samples were distributed and tested blindly. Instrumentation, probe chemistries, amplification targets, and other test-related aspects varied considerably between laboratories. Each laboratory's calibration curve indicated strong evidence of a consistent log-linear relationship between viral load and cycle threshold, suggesting that intralaboratory tracking of a given patient would yield similar relative quantitative trends among the participating test sites. There was strong concordance among laboratories with respect to qualitative test results; however, marked quantitative discordance was seen. For most samples, the across-laboratory interquartile range of the reported viral load (in copies/μl) was roughly 0.6 log-units, and for one sample the overall range was approximately 4.2 log-units. While intralaboratory tracking of patients may yield similar results, these data indicate a need for caution when attempting to compare clinical results obtained at different institutions and suggest the potential value to be gained by more standardized testing methodology.
Comparison of Molecular Typing Methods for Characterization of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
: Proposal for Clone Definition
Authors: Miragaia M. , Carriço J. A. , Thomas J. C. , Couto I. , Enright M. C. , de Lencastre H. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

In the present study we give some direction on the selection of the most appropriate typing method(s) to be used for the characterization of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, in view of the most recent findings on the evolution, population structure, and epidemiology of this species. In order to achieve this aim, quantitative assessment of the correlation of the results of three typing methods—pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette
mec
(SCC
mec
) typing, which target different regions of the chromosome that evolve at different rates—was performed. In order to evaluate the discriminatory ability and the strength and direction of the correlation of the different typing methods, Simpson's index of diversity (SID), the adjusted Rand coefficient (AR), and the Wallace coefficient (
W
) were calculated. PFGE was the most discriminatory method (SID = 99%), followed by MLST (SID = 90%) and SCC
mec
typing (SID = 75%). The values of AR and
W
(0.10 < AR < 0.30; 0.50 <
W
< 0.75) indicated that the partition of the same isolate collection by PFGE, MLST, and SCC
mec
typing provided results that had only a poor correlation with each other. However, the information provided by the combination of PFGE and SCC
mec
enabled the prediction of the results obtained by MLST at the level of the clonal complex with a high degree of precision (
W
> 0.90). We propose that clones of
S. epidermidis
be defined by the combination of the PFGE type followed by the SCC
mec
type, which provides reliable information on the short-term epidemiology and the ability to predict with consistency long-term clonal evolution.
Developing common metrics of mechanical exposures across aetiological studies of low back pain in working populations for use in meta-analysis
Authors: Griffith L E , Wells R P , Shannon H S , Walter S D , Cole D C , Hogg-Johnson S ,   on behalf of the Meta-Analysis of Pain in the Lower Back and Work Exposures (MAPLE) Collaborative Group
Published: November 2007

Objectives:One of the challenges of conducting meta-analyses on the relationship between workplace mechanical exposures and low back pain is that mechanical exposures are reported in a wide variety of ways. We aimed to develop common metrics to apply in the translation of literature-based workplace mechanical exposures for use in meta-analyses, and to test the metrics’ measurement properties.Methods:We developed a set of 7-point scales to capture the intensity of important aspects of mechanical exposures that may be related to the development of low back pain in workers. The scales represented three dimensions of mechanical exposures at work: (1) trunk posture, (2) weight lifted or force exerted and (3) spinal loading, and estimated both peak and cumulative loads. Measurement properties of the scales were tested through a survey of experts in biomechanics and ergonomics who were asked to rate literature-based workplace exposure definitions using the scales and provide estimates of their confidence in their ratings.Results:For each dimension the ratings for peak loads tended to be higher than the cumulative load ratings. The inter-rater reliability for the scales ranged from 0.3 to 0.5; we would need to average the ratings of at least four expert raters to have an acceptable level of reliability (>0.7). Inter-expert reliability was positively related to the experts’ level of confidence in their ratings. In most cases the ranking of intensity ratings from the experts matched the ranking of exposure intensity from the original articles.Conclusions:This study provides insight into estimating the intensity of literature-based mechanical exposure metrics using a common set of scales which can be applied across epidemiologic studies. These metrics may be useful to quantify the relationship between workplace mechanical exposure and low back pain in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF RESISTIVITY OF MANGANITES
Authors: KHAN SHAKEEL , SINGH R. J. 
Published: November 2007

In the resistivity–temperature curves of La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 and La 0.75 Ca 0.25 MnO 3, five distinct regions have been identified. For example, in La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3, the regions are: (1) from the lowest temperature of measurement to 200 K where resistivity is directly proportional to temperature with a small slope, (2) the reciprocal of resistivity follows Bloch's T3/2 law, (3) resistivity is directly proportional to temperature with a large slope, (4) the cusp region, where there are FM clusters of reduced dimensions and varying degrees of correlated polarons or bipolarons and small polarons, (5) the semiconducting region having small polarons. The regions 1, 2 and 3 together appear to replicate the spontaneous magnetization curves of the materials. The effect of magnetic field on the resistivity–temperature curves are as follows: (a) resistivity is reduced. In particular, the resistivity peak with magnetic field occurs at a temperature μH/K downward from the T c of the curve without magnetic field; (b) resistivity peak is displaced by μ · μH/K towards the higher temperature side compared to the resistivity peak without magnetic field; (c) cusp region is broadened; (d) magnetoresistance is appreciable only within 10% of Tp on both sides. All these observations suggest that temperature profile of resistivity of manganites is controlled by magnetic effects.
Detection and mapping of shrink–swell clays in SW France, using ASTER imagery
Authors: Bourguignon A. , Delpont G. , Chevrel S. , Chabrillat S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Current mapping methods for shrink–swell clays in France are based on the use of existing 1:50 000 geological maps. However, stratigraphy is the primary basis of current published geological mapping, which is detrimental to the accurate mapping of clay minerals, argillaceous lithologies and clayey soils. In the study region, Pyrenean forefront molasse deposits have been mapped in a stratigraphy-dominated way, grouped into a single mapping unit, even though they are made up of eight sequences of continental sands, gravels, clays and lacustrine limestones. Mapping shrink–swell clay hazardous terrain can be improved by spectral methods, allowing rapid delineation of argillaceous units and the identification of their mineralogy, especially with regard to illite, chlorite and kaolinite. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) allows a new approach to regional clay mineral mapping, via the six spectral bands in its short-wave infrared domain, particularly wavelengths between 2.145 and 2.43 µm.
Remote sensing of onshore hydrocarbon seepage: problems and solutions
Authors: van der Werff H. M. A. , Noomen M. F. , van der Meijde M. , van der Meer F. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Optical remote sensing has in the last two decades been extensively tested for the detection of hydrocarbons at the Earth's surface. The spectral absorption features of seepage-related hydrocarbons can easily be confused with those of man-made bituminous surfaces such as tarred roads. The characteristic low albedo of bituminous surfaces can, at the same time, easily be confused with other dark surfaces such as shade. This paper presents the results of two pixel-based classifications that have been carried out on hyperspectral imagery acquired over seepage areas. The first classification algorithm is a ‘minimum distance to class means’ (MDC), which is sensitive to spectral absorption features as well as albedo differences. The second algorithm is a ‘spectral angle mapper’ (SAM), which is not sensitive to albedo differences. Both algorithms are applied for the detection of crude oil resulting from macroseepage and an anomalous halo of bare soil resulting from microseepage. The results show that, at best, only 48% and 29% of the pixels that respectively contain crude oil and seepage-related bare soil could be detected, with the inclusion of many false anomalies. Confusion mainly results from the physical characteristics of the anomalies, as these are not unique to seepages. It is concluded that remote sensing of natural hydrocarbon seepages can be improved by image processing algorithms that make use of spatial information.
Remote sensing for terrain analysis of linear infrastructure projects
Authors: Manning J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
This paper examines recent developments in remote sensing applied to civil engineering projects, particularly those involving terrain analysis of linear infrastructure features. Applications using high-resolution satellite data (e.g. IKONOS and Quickbird), laser altimetry and digital elevation models (DEMs) are discussed. Guidelines are given for the stages of a project in which different remote sensing techniques could be employed. The case is also made for greater use of archive remote sensing datasets, which can be a valuable source of information about landscape dynamics.
Space technology for disaster management: data access and its place in the community
Authors: Andrews Deller M. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The ways in which remotely sensed data can be used to manage and alleviate the consequences of natural disasters have never been fully exploited. If prediction of impending disaster is to be useful, those affected by catastrophe and those who come to their aid must work together. A global strategy based on a vision for disaster management will fail if those affected by hazards are not involved in their own disaster preparation, relief efforts and rehabilitation. Local people are experts in ground knowledge; all that is needed is for those with expertise in remote sensing to pass on their skills, knowledge and data in a way that can be understood and valued. To do this, those threatened by catastrophe must understand how disaster relates to their lives, how satellite data can be used with confidence to prepare for local hazards and how to apply information that can help lessen the effects of catastrophe. This can be achieved by making available remotely sensed images with simple explanations that enhance vegetation, topography and geology. With timely, reliable information, preventive measures can be taken; surface features identified on satellite images can guide refugee placement and hazards can be anticipated and contained.
Mapping volcanic terrain using high-resolution and 3D satellite remote sensing
Authors: Kervyn M. , Kervyn F. , Goossens R. , Rowland S. K. , Ernst G. G. J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Most of the hazardous volcanoes, especially those in developing countries, have not been studied or regularly monitored. Moderate-to-high spatial resolution and 3D satellite remote sensing offers a low-cost route to mapping and assessing hazards at volcanoes worldwide. The capabilities of remote sensing techniques are reviewed and an update of recent developments is provided, with emphasis on low-cost data, including optical (Landsat, ASTER, SPOT, CORONA), topographic (3D ASTER, SRTM) and synthetic aperture radar data. Applications developed here illustrate capabilities of relevant remote sensing data to map hazardous volcanic terrain and derive quantitative data, focusing on mapping and monitoring of volcanic morphology. Limitations of the methods, assessment of errors and planned new sensors are also discussed.
Comparison and validation of Airborne Thematic Mapper thermal imagery using ground-based temperature data for Grímsvötn caldera, Vatnajökull, Iceland
Authors: Stewart S. F. , Pinkerton H. , Blackburn G. A. , Guðmundsson M. T. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Grímsvötn, Iceland's most active volcano, is also one of the most powerful geothermal areas in Iceland. This subglacial volcano is located in the centre of Vatnajökull, Europe's largest temperate ice cap, and it erupted most recently in 1998 and 2004. As part of continuing research on heat flux, morphological changes and volcanic processes at Grímsvötn, thermal anomalies were mapped using remote sensing Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) Airborne Research and Survey Facility (ARSF) data. The 2001 Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) thermal images of the Grímsvötn subglacial caldera reveal distinct areas of geothermal activity and provide an overview of the thermal anomalies associated with water and rock exposures. A crater lake located on the 1998 eruption site is shown to have a surface temperature of 30–35 °C. There is a good correlation between the ARSF data and ground-based temperature measurements. The thermal images also revealed previously undetected areas of high heat flow. Factors that complicate the interpretation and comparison of different datasets from an ice-covered area include recent cornice collapses and variations in atmospheric humidity. To reduce uncertainty in future missions, temperature measurements should be made at points whose position is well constrained using differential global positioning system. In addition, humidity and temperature measurements should be made at the time of flight.