bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections
Authors: Yamazaki Yuriko , Ito Tomoka , Tamai Masakazu , Nakagawa Seitaro , Nakamura Yuumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It is the most common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, and can also cause various other infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well as life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. The pathogen can also asymptomatically colonize human skin, nasal cavity, and the intestine. S. aureus colonizes approximately 20–30% of human nostrils, being an opportunistic pathogen for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via human contact makes it difficult to eradicate S. aureus. A major concern with S. aureus is its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. The variability in the accessory gene regulator (Agr) region of the genome contributes to a spectrum of phenotypes within the bacterial population, enhancing the likelihood of survival in different environments. Agr functions as a central quorum sensing (QS) system in S. aureus, allowing bacteria to adjust gene expression in response to population density. Depending on Agr expression, S. aureus secretes various toxins, contributing to virulence in infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing Agr may be disadvantageous in certain situations, such as in hospitals, causing S. aureus to generate Agr mutants responsible for infections in healthcare settings.

Main body
This review aims to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse phenotypes of S. aureus, ranging from a harmless colonizer to an organism capable of infecting various human organs. Emphasis will be placed on QS and its role in orchestrating S. aureus behavior across different contexts.

Short conclusion
The pathophysiology of S. aureus infection is substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting from factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected to give the comprehensive understanding of S. aureus overall profile in various settings.
Corrosion protection of mild steel in corrosive media, a shift from synthetic to natural corrosion inhibitors: a review
Authors: Emmanuel Jovine Kamuhabwa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Mild steel is globally used in the construction, manufacturing and engineering industries due to its low cost and appreciable stability. Despite its application, mild steel often loses its structural integrity, attractiveness and performance because of corrosion, a spontaneous process with serious negative global safety, economic and environmental impacts. However, inhibitors are frequently used in corrosion-inhibitive fluids to provide temporary corrosion protection.

Main body of the abstract
Various organic and inorganic molecules display inhibitory characteristics; nevertheless, most of these are remarkably lethal to humans and their surroundings. Therefore, the application of such molecules is limited in recent applications. As of today, there has been a continuous and ever-increasing curiosity about the use of green corrosion inhibitors of plant origin. The current article discusses the kinds of corrosion, corrosion progression and plant-based mild steel corrosion inhibitors. Evidently, diverse plant sources have continuously been sufficiently used as sensible protectors for mild steel deterioration.

Short conclusion
Reports reveal an ever-increasing shift from the previous traditional synthetic to plant-based natural corrosion inhibitors in corrosive media. A wide range of natural plant-based corrosion inhibitors, the influence of the amount and temperature on inhibitory action and the motive for the shift are apparent.
Some effects of domain size and boundary conditions on the accuracy of airfoil simulations
Authors: Golmirzaee Narges , Wood David H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a specific case of one of the most popular fluid dynamic simulations, the incompressible flow around an airfoil (NACA 0012 here) at a high Reynolds number ($$6 \times 10^6$$

6
×

10
6

). OpenFOAM software was used to study the effect of domain size and four common choices of boundary conditions on airfoil lift, drag, surface friction, and pressure. We also examine the relation between boundary conditions and the velocity, pressure, and vorticity distributions throughout the domain. In addition to the common boundary conditions, we implement the “point vortex” boundary condition that was introduced many years ago but is now rarely used. We also applied the point vortex condition for the outlet pressure instead of using the traditional Neumann condition. With the airfoil generating significant lift at incidence angles of $$5^\circ , 10^\circ$$

5
∘

,

10
∘

, and $$14^\circ$$

14
∘

, we confirm a previous finding that the boundary conditions combine with domain size to produce an induced (pressure) drag. The change in the pressure drag with domain size is significant for the commonly-used boundary conditions but is much smaller for the point vortex alternative. The point vortex boundary condition increases the execution time, but this is more than offset by the reduction in domain size needed to achieve a specified accuracy in the lift and drag. This study also estimates the error in total drag and lift due to domain size and shows it can be almost eliminated using the point vortex boundary condition. We also used the impulse form of the momentum equations to study the relation between drag and lift and spurious vorticity, which is generated as a result of using non-exact boundary conditions. These equations reveal that the spurious vorticity throughout the domain is associated with cancelling circulation around the domain boundaries.
Chemical composition of Gariss produced from milk of camels with different watering intervals using some traditional containers in Al-Koma Locality, North Darfur State, Sudan
Authors: Osman Hafiz I. I. , Shuiep El Tahir S. , El Zubeir Ibtisam E. M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The nomadic camels herders utilizing the extensive production system in Sudan depend mainly on fermented milk, locally known as Gariss, as their main stable food for several months during the year.

Methods
This study was conducted to assess some factors (locations, types of containers used for preparing Gariss and camels watering intervals) affecting the compositional content of Gariss that is commonly prepared by nomadic camel herders. Gariss samples (n-118) were collected during February 2018, from nomadic herders in 4 locations in Al-Koma Locality, North Darfur State, Sudan.

Results and discussion
The chemical analysis conducted during this study indicated that the mean levels of the total solids, fat, protein and ash content and the pH values of Gariss samples revealed 7.35 ± 0.22%, 2.58 ± 0.08%, 1.86 ± 0.04% and 0.67 ± 0.01% and 3.77 ± 0.03, respectively. The data showed that Gariss prepared in Siin showed the highest total solids (7.7 ± 0.71%), protein (2.02 ± 0.18%), fat (2.60 ± 0.19%) and ash (0.68 ± 0.04%) content, while it revealed the lowest pH value (3.61 ± 0.11). Gariss prepared in plastic containers showed the lowest total solids (7.30 ± 0.23%) and protein (1.48 ± 0.28%). Moreover, Gariss from milk of camels that drink water every 14 days revealed high values for total solids (7.91 ± 0.29%), fat (2.80 ± 0.11%), protein (1.99 ± 0.05%) and pH (3.78 ± 0.04), while it showed the lowest ash (0.67 ± 0.02%) content compared to those made from milk of camels with drinking water frequency of 10 days.

Conclusion
The study concluded that the compositional content of Gariss was affected by the frequency of water drinking by camels in addition to the containers used for its preparation; as the compositional content of Gariss from Siin showed the best values followed by that stored in Bokhsa. Thus, the study recommends that Siin and Bokhsa should be considered as valuable ethnic containers in keeping camel fermented milk with better compositional content.
Bioactive properties and therapeutic aspects of fermented vegetables: a review
Authors: Gunawardena Sadhisha , Nadeeshani Harshani , Amarasinghe Vidun , Liyanage Ruvini 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide is closely linked to the global nutrition transition. Functional foods play a crucial role in the prevention and control of NCDs, making them an active area of research. Fermentation, which involves the biotransformation of food, enhances its digestibility and nutritional properties by releasing bioactive molecules. The increased bioactivity during fermentation can be attributed to the liberation of compounds trapped in the food matrix, the generation of metabolites, or the metabolic products of the microorganisms involved. Additionally, fermented foods can serve as a vehicle to deliver live beneficial microbes to the gastrointestinal tract, promoting gut homeostasis. While most studies demonstrate an increase in bioactivity during fermentation, some investigations yield contradictory results, likely due to the complexity of the food matrix, microbial strains utilized, and environmental conditions during the fermentation process. Further research is needed to address conflicting findings, and epidemiological studies are recommended to examine the impact of fermented vegetables on human health. This review discusses changes in antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities of fermented vegetables, both in vitro and in vivo using animal models. Moreover, the drawbacks associated with vegetable fermentation, their management, and the future prospects of vegetable fermentation are also discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Moving from surviving to thriving: a taxonomy of beginning science teacher challenges
Authors: Donna Joel D. , Roehrig Gillian H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInduction programs have been promoted as a potential solution for alleviating aspects of job dissatisfaction that lead to attrition of beginning science teachers. We can meet the immediate concerns of beginning teachers that impact job satisfaction while simultaneously helping them improve their practices by better understanding the particular challenges they face. This qualitative study examines challenges as expressed within an online induction program for non-tenured Science educators with data from synchronous chat room sessions between mentors and beginning teachers. The results indicate that there is a more diverse and nuanced set of challenges that beginning in-service science teachers face than previously indicated by literature. The content-specific nature of these challenges supports the call for content-specific induction.
Unraveling the microRNAs, key players in folliculogenesis and ovarian diseases
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Intan , Dasuki Djaswadi , Harjana Sofia Mubarika , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Sweety Margaretha Cempaka , Septiani Linda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Folliculogenesis is an intricate process that involves the development and maturation of ovarian follicles in females. During folliculogenesis, multiple factors including hormones, growth factors, and signaling pathways regulate the growth and maturation of follicles. In recent years, microRNA, short non-coding RNA molecules, has gained attention due to its roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of various diseases in humans. It is known to have an important part in ovarian health and illness and its functions extend to several cellular processes.

Main body
In this overview, we look at the importance of microRNAs in ovarian illnesses and how they function during follicle growth in the ovaries. Short RNA molecules (22 nucleotides) called microRNAs may influence several mRNA targets in different biological processes. The expression patterns of these small non-coding RNAs undergo dynamic changes during the several phases of follicular development; they play a function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Follicle development, follicular atresia (regression of the follicles), and ovulation are all intricately regulated by the dynamic expression of distinct miRNAs throughout the various phases of folliculogenesis.
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are known to regulate gene expression, has recently come to light as crucial in the development and advancement of a number of ovarian diseases. Abnormalities of the human ovary, such as ovarian cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and endometriosis, have prompted extensive research into the dysregulation of microRNAs. Endometriosis is associated with miRNAs that are known to have a role in processes such as invasion, cell growth, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The disturbance of target gene expression resulting from abnormal miRNA production is a potential factor contributing to cancer development. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) differ in expression levels between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls, indicating that miRNAs may play a role in the development of PCOS.

Conclusion
Extensive research carried out over the last 20 years has illuminated the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs), demonstrating their critical importance in controlling gene expression and the cell cycle. Changes in the quantities of microRNAs (miRNAs) may affect the aggressiveness of cancer and contribute to a variety of gynecological disorders. It appears that microRNAs hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment potential for various ovarian diseases.
A review on reinforcements, fabrication methods, and mechanical and wear properties of titanium metal matrix composites
Authors: Ammisetti Dhanunjay Kumar , Kruthiventi S. S. Harish , Vinjavarapu Sankararao , Babu Nelakuditi Naresh , Gandepudi Jaya Raju , Battula Sudheer Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTitanium and its alloys exhibit a favorable integration of characteristics, including notable strength and high resistance to corrosion. However, they are deficient in terms of wear resistance and thermal conductivity, among other properties. The aforementioned limitations impose constraints on the utilization of these alloys across diverse applications. Currently, various strategies involving the utilization of composite materials are being implemented in order to address and mitigate these previously mentioned limitations. The utilization of micro- or nano-sized reinforcements has been employed to improve the characteristics of the metal matrix. Diverse techniques are employed to uniformly distribute the reinforcement within the matrix, thereby generating titanium metal matrix composites (TMCs). The use of TMCs has become increasingly prevalent in diverse sectors, including defense, automotive, aerospace, and biomedical, owing to their remarkable characteristics, which encompass lower weight, higher specific strength, and compatibility with biological systems. The present study discusses various manufacturing techniques, including spark plasma sintering (SPS), additive manufacturing, and vacuum melting. This study further examines different reinforcements that are considered in the production of TMCs. The current study also investigates the effects of reinforcements on properties such as mechanical and tribological characteristics. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of reinforcements resulted in enhanced properties.
Batch adsorption of diesel oil in water using saba banana peel biochar immobilized in teabags
Authors: Urgel Jefrick Jun Daniel T. , Briones Justin Marwin A. , Diaz Emmanuel B. , Dimaculangan Kirstin Margaux N. , Rangel Kayla L. , Lopez Edgar Clyde R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diesel oil contamination is a threat to environment and human health. Many technologies have been developed to address this issue; however, they are costly to be deployed in real-world oil remediation. Adsorption remains to be one of the most economical methods to remove oil from water. Here, we used banana peel biochar (BPBC) immobilized in teabags as an adsorbent for the removal of diesel oil in water. We investigated the adsorption behavior of BPBC under different conditions, examining the influence of adsorbent loading, pH, salinity, and contact time on its efficiency for removing diesel oil in water. Our results show that the sorption capacity of BPBC is significantly affected by the amount of adsorbent used. Lower biochar loadings enhance the sorption capacity due to greater surface area accessibility, while higher loadings lead to decreased efficiency due to pore blockage and reduced surface exposure. Interestingly, the pH of the solution was found to have minimal impact on the sorption process. This is attributed to diesel oil’s hydrophobic and non-polar nature, which leads to its interaction with BPBC being predominantly governed by hydrophobic forces instead of pH-sensitive electrostatic interactions. Salinity emerged as a crucial factor in the adsorption process. An increase in salinity enhances the sorption capacity, likely due to the “salting-out” effect, where higher salt concentrations decrease the solubility of diesel oil, promoting its adsorption onto the biochar surface. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of contact time, with longer exposure resulting in increased sorption capacity. This trend is explained by the adsorption kinetics, initially characterized by rapid adsorption, followed by a slower, progressive occupation of the biochar’s adsorption sites. The kinetic analysis of the process suggests that the pseudo-second-order model is more suitable, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The Harkins–Jura isotherm model was identified as the best fit for explaining the isotherm behavior, owing to its capacity to account for the heterogeneous nature of the biochar surface and the formation of multiple adsorbate layers. The optimum conditions for maximum diesel oil removal are as follows: BPBC loading of 0.50 g, a solution pH of 5.00, a salinity concentration of 12,656.57 mg/L, and a contact time of 240 min. Under these conditions, BPBC exhibited an adsorption capacity of 19.04 g/g. In summary, our research establishes BPBC, particularly when contained within teabags, as an efficient and practical adsorbent for diesel oil removal in water. Its effectiveness, superior to other biochar, is mainly due to its porosity and hydrophobic properties. These findings not only enhance our understanding of BPBC’s adsorption capabilities but also underscore its potential for environmental remediation.
Graphical Abstract
Mapping food system drivers of the double burden of malnutrition using community-based system dynamics: a case study in Peru
Authors: Quinteros-Reyes Carmen , Seferidi Paraskevi , Guzman-Abello Laura , Millett Christopher , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio , Ballard Ellis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeru is facing a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterized by the co-existence of undernutrition and overnutrition. Double-duty actions that concurrently target common drivers of undernutrition and overnutrition, while ensuring no unintended side effects, are recommended to effectively address the DBM. To understand these complex common mechanisms and design context-specific double-duty actions, there is a need for participatory systems approaches. This paper provides a case study of applying a community-based system dynamics approach to capture stakeholder perspectives of food system drivers of the DBM in two regions in Peru.MethodsWe implemented a multi-stage community-based system dynamics approach, which included processes for research capacity building for systems approaches, and the designing, piloting, and implementation of stakeholder workshops. A total of 36 stakeholders, representing diverse perspectives, participated in five group model building workshops. Stakeholder views are presented in a causal loop diagram that showcases the feedback mechanisms between key food system drivers of overweight and stunting in Peru.ResultsThe causal loop diagram highlights that prioritization of undernutrition over overnutrition in the policymaking process, due to Peru’s historically high levels of undernutrition, may undermine action against the DBM. It also describes potential mechanisms of unintended impacts of undernutrition policies on the DBM in Peru, including impacts related to within-family distribution and quality of food provided through food assistance programs, and unintended impacts due to regional dynamics.ConclusionsThis paper highlights the importance of a participatory approach to understand local needs and priorities when recommending double-duty actions in Peru and shares practical methodological guidance on applying participatory systems approaches in public health.
The p factor outweighs the specific internalizing factor in predicting recurrences of adolescent depression
Authors: Shu Yinuo , Ao Na , Wen Xue , Cui Zaixu , Qu Diyang , Chen Runsen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The early prediction of adolescent depression recurrence poses a significant challenge in the field. This study aims to investigate and compare the abilities of the general psychopathology factor (p) and the specific internalizing factor, in predicting depression recurrence over a 2-year course, as well as identifying remitted depressed adolescents from healthy adolescents. Longitudinal changes of these two factors in different trajectory groups were also tracked to examine their sensitivity to sustained remission and relapse.

Methods
We included 255 baseline-remitted depressed adolescents and a healthy control group (n = 255) matched in age, sex, and race, sourced from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. The linear mixed model was employed for the statistical analysis.

Results
The p factor not only effectively discriminated between remitted depressed adolescents and healthy controls but also robustly predicted the depression recurrence over a subsequent 2-year course. The specific internalizing factor could only differentiate remitted depressed adolescents from healthy controls. Additionally, a noteworthy longitudinal decline of the p factor in the sustained-remission group was observed.

Conclusions
Psychopathology factors serve as the inherent and enduring measurement of long-term mental health aberrations. Longitudinal results indicate that the p factor is more sensitive to respond to sustained remission than the internalizing factor. The ability of the overall p factor to anticipate depression relapse, unlike the specific internalizing factor, suggests the clinical interventions should monitor and mitigate the coincident symptoms across all dimensions to preempt relapse of adolescent depression, rather than an exclusive focus on internalizing symptoms.