bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell metabolic activity in acromegaly: a microcalorimetric study of lymphocyte metabolism
Authors: Valdemarsson Stig , Ikomi-Kumm Julie , Monti Mario 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A discrepancy between the clinical impression of disease activity and basal serum levels of growth hormone is often seen in patients with acromegaly. A slightly better relation has been found to serum levels of IGF-I, but a technique for evaluation of cell metabolic activity in this disease is still missing. For this purpose we used microcalorimetry to determine heat production rate in lymphocytes from 15 patients with acromegaly. The mean heat production rate was 2.90±0.15 pW/cell, significantly higher than in 13 healthy subjects, 2.31±0.12 pW/cell (p<0.01). Heat production rates did not correlate significantly with basal growth hormone levels, but increased, in a statistically significant manner (p<0.001), in parallel with the score index used to evaluate the clinical activity of the disease. Using the technique of microcalorimetry we could thus demonstrate an increased metabolic activity at a cellular level in patients with acromegaly, a finding that is in accordance with the view that an increased cell metabolic activity is a component of the disease process in acromegaly.
Prompt recovery of plasma arginine vasopressin in diabetic coma after intravenous infusion of a small dose of insulin and a large amount of fluid
Authors: Ishikawa San-e , Saito Toshikazu , Okada Koji , Nagasaka Shoichiro , Kuzuya Takeshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We studied the changes in plasma arginine vasopressin in 5 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and one patient with non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma who had marked hyperglycemia (36.6 ± 4.6 mmol/l, mean ± sem) and dehydration. Plasma osmolality (Posm) was 342.2 ± 11.4 mOsm/kg H2O, and hematocrit, serum protein, and blood urea nitrogen were also elevated at hospitalization. Circulating blood volume was decreased by approximately 21% as compared with that on day 7. Plasma AVP level was increased to 8.5 ± 1.6 pmol/l at hospitalization. When hyperglycemia was improved by iv infusion of a small dose of insulin plus fluid administration, plasma AVP level promptly decreased to 2.4 ± 0.4 pmol/l within six hours. When plasma AVP level had normalized, Posm was still as high as 305 mOsm/kg H2O, but the loss of circulating blood volume was only 4.2% of the control state. Plasma AVP level was positively correlated with change in hematocrit (plasma AVP = 3.58 + 0.45 · hematocrit, r = 0.468, p < 0.01), serum protein (r = 0.487, p < 0.01), Posm (r = 0.388, p < 0.01), and blood glucose (r = 0.582, p < 0.01). Plasma AVP level was negatively correlated with the change in circulating blood volume (plasma AVP = 3.6 – 0.14 · change in circulating blood volume, r = −0.469, p <0.01). These results indicate that both non-osmotic and osmotic stimuli are involved in the mechanism for AVP release in patients with diabetic coma, and that the non-osmotic control of AVP may contribute to circulating homeostasis, protecting against severe blood volume depletion in diabetic patients suffering from hyperglycemia and dehydration.
Thyrotropin releasing hormone does not stimulate prolactin release in the preterm human fetus
Authors: Roti Elio , Gardini Eliana , Minelli Roberta , Bianconi Lina , Alboni Alessandro , Braverman Lewis E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Previous studies have suggested that fetal PRL secretion does not respond to stimuli such as TRH, metoclopramide, and cimetidine. It was postulated that the lack of response to TRH could be due to the possibility that, in the term fetus, lactotropes secrete PRL maximally and would be unresponsive to further stimulation. In order to study this hypothesis, 200 μg TRH or saline were administered to preterm pregnant women in labor. Maternal blood was obtained before TRH and saline administration. Maternal and cord blood were obtained at parturition. PRL, TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were measured in all sera. TRH administration induced a significant increase in maternal serum PRL, TSH and T3 concentrations. In the cord blood of newborns whose mothers received TRH, serum TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were significantly higher than in cord blood of newborns whose mothers received saline. Cord blood serum PRL concentrations were unchanged after TRH administration. This latter finding suggests that fetal lactotropes do not respond to TRH in the preterm fetus. Desensitization of fetal PRL secreting cells to TRH stimulation and/or the inhibitory effect of elevated fetal circulating corticosteroids on TRH-induced PRL secretion may explain the absent PRL response to TRH during fetal life.
Thyroid-stimulating antibody and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin activity in hypothyroid patients who subsequently developed thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Tamai Hajime , Kasagi Kanji , Mizuno Osamu , Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Komaki Gen , Matsuzuka Fumio , Kuma Kanji , Konishi Junji , Kumagai Lindy F. , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Although abnormal thyroid-stimulating and -blocking antibodies have been demonstrated in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, a direct correlation is not always observed. Thyroid-stimulating antibody, thyrotropinbinding inhibitory immunoglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating blocking antibody levels were determined in three hypothyroid patients who subsequently developed hyperthyroidism. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies levels were normal in one, elevated in another, and unmeasured in the third hypothyroid patient, but became elevated in all patients with the onset of hyperthyroidism. There was discordance, however, in one patient who had markedly elevated thyroid-stimulating antibodies and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin levels when she was hypothyroid. The data indicate that thyroidal responses to the abnormal stimulating antibodies may differ among patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.
Biosynthetic response of mouse intermediate pituitary gland to induced drinking and dehydration
Authors: Leenders HansJ. , de Vries TacoJ. , v. d. Loop Frank T. L. , Jenks Bruce G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
There are indications that the intermediate lobe peptide α-MSH is involved in the regulation of the hydromineral balance in mice and other mammals. The purpose of our studies was to determine whether manipulation of this balance in the mouse could lead to changes in either the rate of POMC biosynthesis in the pars intermedia or to changes in the direction of the processing of the precursor protein to form bioactive peptides. The results show that excess drinking, induced by substitution of drinking water by a 5% glucose solution, causes a rapid increase in POMC synthesis, whereas dehydration has the opposite effect; no evidence could be found that the above treatments have any effect on the processing of POMC, although strain differences were found in level of N-terminal acetylation of newly synthesized melanotropins and endorphins. The changes in various parameters of the hydromineral balance of the animals are consistent with the concept that peptides of the pars intermedia may be involved in regulating plasma aldosterone levels under severe conditions of low plasma sodium concentration.
Selective aromatase inhibition by pyridoglutethimide, an analogue of aminoglutethimide
Authors: Kitawaki Jo , Yamamoto Takara , Urabe Mamoru , Tamura Takaya , Inoue Shigeo , Honjo Hideo , Okada Hiroji 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The inhibitory effects of pyridoglutethimide (3-ethyl-3-(4-pyridyl)piperidine-2,6-dione), an analogue of aminoglutethimide, on aromatase and other cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid-metabolizing enzymes were studied in vitro. Pyridoglutethimide and aminoglutethimide showed competitive inhibition of human placental aromatase activity with apparent Ki values of 1.7 and 0.7 μmol/l, respectively. Both pyridoglutethimide and aminoglutethimide inhibited the aromatase activity of uterine leiomyoma and cultured choriocarcinoma Enami cells as well as immunopurified human placental aromatase cytochrome P-450 by more than 90%, with IC50 values of 10–19 and 5–7 μmol/l, respectively. These results might suggest that the inhibitors interacted directly with the aromatase cytochrome P-450 of these tissues. Aminoglutethimide inhibited bovine adrenal cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity with an IC50 value of 40 μmol/l and inhibited 21-hydroxylase activity slightly, but did ot inhibit 17α-, 1 1β- and 18-hydroxylase at concentrations up to 100 μmol/l. On the other hand, pyridoglutethimide had no inhibitory effect on any of these enzymes at concentrations up to 50 μmol/l, although it inhibited 11β- and 18-hydroxylase slightly at 100 μmol/l. These results indicated that pyridoglutethimide was an aromatase inhibitor of a comparable potency to aminoglutethimide, but that it did not inhibit other steroid hydroxylases.
The pulsatile secretion of bioactive luteinising hormone in normal adult men
Authors: Talbor J. Alan , Stuart R. , Rodger C. , Shalet Steven M. , Littley Malcolm D. , Robertson William R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We have studied bioactive and immunoreactive LH pulsatility in 11 normal men. The temporal relationship of plasma LH, testosterone, and FSH were also investigated. Blood samples were taken at 10-minute intervals for 6 h and bioactive LH levels were determined using an in vitro mouse Leydig cell bioassay. Testosterone, LH and FSH were determined by standard radioimmunoassay. Twenty-two bioactive LH pulses were detected (amplitude 8.5±4.9 IU/l, mean±sd) with a frequency of 2±0.8/6 h compared with only 18 immunoreactive LH pulses (amplitude of 3.6±1.8 IU/l) and a frequency of 1.6±0.5/6 h. Bioactive:immunoreactive LH ratios increased (p<0.01) from the preceding pulse nadirs (2.26, range 1.66-4.28) to the pulse peaks (2.71, range 1.99-4.67). Twenty FSH pulses (seen in all but one subject) of low amplitude (0.7±0.6, median 0.5 IU/l) were also present. There was a close temporal relationship between testosterone and FSH secretion with bioactive and immunoreactive LH pulses with lags of 30-60 and 0 min, respectively. We conclude that immunoreactive LH pulses are discordant from bioactive LH pulses in 18% of occasions. Further, the mean amplitude of bioactive episodes were approximately 2.6 times greater than that of immunoreactive episodes, whereas interpulse period and pulse duration were similar. The increase in bioactive:immunoeactive ratio at pulse peaks may indicate that in normal men LH pulses are enriched with a more biopotent form of the molecule.
Differential effect of estrogen on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in women with different forms of hypothalamic amenorrhea
Authors: Schuiling G. A. , Valkhof N. , Koiter T. R. , Lappöhn R. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of treatment with estradiol valerate (6 days, 2-6 mg/day) on basal levels of LH and FSH and on response of LH and FSH levels to GnRH challenge (2 × 25 μg GnRH, iv) were investigated in women with "hypothalamic amenorrhea", but without other endocrine disorders. Three groups were studied: 11 women with primary amenorrhea, 10 women exhibiting secondary amenorrhea related with weight loss, and 7 women with normal weight and with amenorrhea persisting after a period of severe weight loss. Before treatment with estradiol valerate the estradiol concentrations in all women were at the lower limit of the follicular phase of a normal ovulatory cycle. In addition, there were no differences between the groups in basal LH and FSH levels and in responses to GnRH challenges. Treatment with estradiol valerate suppressed the basal levels of FSH but not of LH in all women. Estradiol did not affect the response to GnRH challenge in women with primary amenorrhea, weakly augmented the response in women with secondary amenorrhea associated with weight loss, and strongly increased the response in secondary amenorrheic women who had regained normal weight. The results are interpreted in the light of the well-established fact that estrogen augments the gonadotropin response only if the pituitary gland is not exposed to high concentrations of GnRH. It is hypothesized that the differential response to GnRH of the present patients after estrogen treatment reflects differences in GnRH exposure of the pituitary gland, with patients with primary amenorrhea having the highest level of GnRH exposure.
Steroid profile in urine: a useful tool in the diagnosis and follow up of adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Gröndal Staffan , Eriksson Barbro , Hagenäs Lars , Werner Sigbritt , Curstedt Tore 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The urinary steroid profile was determined in 24 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Seventeen of the patients had Cushing's syndrome, virilization or feminization, and 7 had no signs of endocrine disease. Seven of the 11 patients still alive are free of disease, after a follow-up period of 5-75 months. The steroid profile varied widely between the patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Patients with Cushing's syndrome had increased levels of cortisol metabolites and those with virilism had raised excretion of androgen metabolites. Six of the patients with adrenocortical carcinoma showed normal values of these metabolites. In 23 of the 24 patients the excretion of 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroids and/or metabolites of cortisol precursors, such as tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol, were significantly increased, compared with healthy controls or patients with adrenal adenomas. These findings suggest a relative deficit or low activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase and/or 1 1β-hydroxylase in tumour tissue. In the single patient where the steroid profile failed to indicate malignancy, hypercortisolism was seen and the tumour mass was small. The steroid excretion normalized after radical surgery and decreased in patients responding to chemotherapy. During recurred disease the metabolites of 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroids and/or cortisol precursors increased, but in some patients the excretory pattern then was different from that seen before treatment.
Isolation and partial characterization of IGF-like peptides from Cohn fraction IV of human plasma
Authors: Van den Brande J. L. , Hoogerbrugge C. M. , Beyreuther K. , Roepstorff P. , Jansen J. , van Buul-Offers S. C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
IGFs were extracted from Cohn fraction IV of human plasma using ultrafiltration of acidified paste as the initial step. Further purification, including HPLC as the final steps, yielded seven IGF-like peptides: two with acidic pI (A1, A2), two with neutral pI (N1, N2), and three in the basic region (B1, B2 and B3). B1 was identified as IGF-I and N1 as IGF-II. The other peptides were further characterized with respect to their molecular weight and by N-terminal amino-acid sequencing. B2 and B3 are IGF-I-like, Al and A2 and N2 are IGF-II-like. Two of the peptides (A2 and B3) appear to be two-chain forms of IGF-II and IGF-I, respectively, as shown by structural analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One peptide (Al) appears to be a new variant of an IGF-II derivative with a substitution of Ser by Cys in position 29. Further analysis involved reactivity in radioreceptor assays for IGF-I and IGF-II. N2, Al and A2 are IGF-II-like, whereas B2 and B3 are IGF-I-like, though there are important differences with the main IGFs. Similar results were obtained in IGF-I and IGF-II C-peptide radioimmunoassays. The physiological significance of these peptides is unknown. They offer interesting perspectives for structure-function analysis.
Effects of propranolol on GH responsiveness to repeated GH-releasing hormone stimulations in normal subjects
Authors: Arosio Maura , Losa Marco , Bazzoni Nicoletta , Bochicchio Domenico , Palmieri Eva , Nava Claudio , Faglia Giovanni 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The influence of β-adrenergic blockade by oral propranolol on the variability of GH responses to GHRH and on GH responsiveness to repeated GHRH administrations was investigated. Eight normal volunteers underwent three tests on three separate occasions. Each test consisted of two administrations of 80 μg GHRH at 2-h intervals without other medication (test 1) or combined with oral administration of 80 mg propranolol 90 min before the first (test 2) or the second GHRH injection (test 3). In test 1 GH levels increased significantly after the first, but not the second GHRH bolus (net incremental area under the curve [nAUC], mean ± sd: 1453 ± 974 and 178 ± 309 μg·l−1·(120 min)−1, respectively). In test 2 basal GH secretion was not influenced by propranolol administration, whereas the GH response to the first GHRH injection was significantly greater than in test 1 (2327 ± 1814 μg·l−1·(120 min)−1; p<0.05). However, individual subjects showed the same variability of GH response as in test 1. The GH response to the second GHRH bolus remained negligible. In test 3 administration of propranolol 90 min before the second GHRH bolus led to a clear GH increase (690±1002 μg·l−1·(120 min)−1), not significantly different from the GH response to the first bolus (1796±1375 μg·l−1·(120 min)−1). However, only 4 subjects showed a marked restoration of the GH responsiveness to the second GHRH administration. In conclusion, oral administration of propranolol is able to increase GH responsiveness to GHRH without changing the great individual variability. The response to a repeated GHRH stimulation is only partially restored by propranolol.
Characteristics of atrial natriuretic hormone receptors in human pheochromocytomas
Authors: Eurin J. , Carayon A. , Zongazo M. A. , Masson F. , Barthelemy C. , Maistre G. , Rouby J. J. , Eurin B. , Legrand J. C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The presence of functional receptors for human atrial natriuretic hormone in human pheochromocytomas was recently reported. The present study reports the binding of hANH as measured by Scatchard analysis in 4 human adrenal glands and in 5 human pheochromocytomas. Binding assays using [3H]ANH revealed a single class of high-affinity binding sites for hANH in both tissues. Human pheochromocytomas present a lower number of binding sites than normal human adrenal gland (Bmax of 7.1±2.1 vs 33.6±6.9 fmol/mg protein, respectively). However, the decreased number of ANH receptors was not paralleled by modifications of tissular cyclic GMP (cGMP). Moreover, plasma hANH concentrations in 7 patients with pheochromocytomas (20.2±2.7 pmol/l) were statistically higher than those obtained in 25 normal control humans (8.1±0.6 pmol/l, p<0.001). We also demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive ANH in the tumour itself.
STEROIDSTOFFWECHSEL BEI BRUSTKREBS. III.
Authors: Schubert Kurt , Schröder Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A testosterone test using two different dosages was carried out simultaneously in 7 women suffering from metastasizing carcinoma of the mamma and in 3 normal women. In each case the urinary steroids were estimated before the beginning of the test and after administration of 50 mg and 100 mg of testosterone respectively; the interval between the single estimations being one week. The use of fractionated hydrolysis enabled a mild fission of the conjugates and the classification of the products into free steroids, glucuronosides, sulfates and unknown conjugates. The 17-ketosteroids and the testosterone were estimated by means of Girard's separation and adsorption chromatography.
During the loading test with testosterone different behaviours became evident, which had not been realized before. The behaviour of the 17-ketosteroids rendered possible the differentiation of normal women from patients with cancer of the breast yet without hepatic insufficiency, and furthermore of these latter ones from those with a liver damage in addition to the cancer of the breast. The glucuronosides of the 17-ketosteroids are only depressed, when there exists a pronounced damage of the liver; the loading test making possible an extension of the range of recognizable damages. Furthermore, the behaviour of dehydroepiandrosterone (II/III), of androsterone (IV), and of aetiocholanolone (V) lends itself to this differentiation. In advanced cancer of the breast the values of II/III are invariably low, whilst IV and V often increase temporarily. The relation of IV to V may be altered in a different way. The excretion of not transformed testosterone is less in patients than in normal women and especially low in patients with liver damage.
STEROIDSTOFFWECHSEL BEI BRUSTKREBS. IV.
Authors: Schubert Kurt , Schröder Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolic behaviour of 7 women suffering from cancer of the breast and of 3 normal women has been investigated with reference to the excretion of corticoids (TTC chromogens) and oestrogens, put in evidence by the conditions of the testosterone test. In 4 patients the increase of the level of corticoids was striking. Different possibilities of reactions and relations to the survival time are discussed. The remaining 3 patients and the normal women showed no appreciable alteration in the excretion of corticoids. With another composition of the group of persons we observed two different behaviours regarding the excretion of oestrogens. An increase was seen in 2 normal women and in 5 patients. The excretion of oestrogens showed an only slight alteration in the remaining 3 cases. The 4 modes of reaction seen in two groups of steroids enabled the relative classification of the patients with cancer of the breast. Apart of these same types of reaction other ones were seen in normal women.
STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN TUMOURS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Kullander Stig , Källén Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An in vitro study has been made of experimentally produced rat ovarian tumours of different age, paying particular attention to tumour reaction to crystallized steroids. Tumours of two histological structures were found: granulosa cell – luteoma tumours and arrhenoblastoma tumours. Both types grew in vitro and pictures of their cell appearance are given. The former type gave the best growth, and the endocrine studies were restricted to this type. The steroids tested (androsterone, oestrone, progesterone) all had an arresting effect in certain cases. This effect is not an unspecific, toxic one. The different tumours react to different extents, some being completely unaffected.
ROLE OF THE ADRENALS ON SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SENSITIVITY RESPONSE OF THE RAT DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE TO SEX HORMONES
Authors: Gunn Samuel A. , Gould helma Clark 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has been demonstrated previously that the seasonal variations in 65Zn uptake by the DLP represented an archaic reproductive cycle inherent in the male laboratory rat. It was also noted that the degree of sensitivity response of the DLP of the castrate to sex hormones varied seasonally coincident with this archaic cycle. The experiments reported in this paper have shown that the adrenals have three different effects in the seasonal regulation of this sensitivity response, namely, an augmenting role, a suppressing role, or no discernible effect, depending upon the phase of the archaic reproductive cycle.