bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy and complete extrahepatic bile duct resection using transduodenal approach for hilar cholangiocarcinoma arsing from Biliary Papillomatosis
Authors: Kim Jae Keun , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Park Joon Seong , Cho Sin Il , Yoon Dong Sup , Chi Hoon Sang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundBiliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple papillary lesions of variable distribution and extent in the intra and extrahepatic bile duct. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) can be indicated for the resection of diffuse intra and extrahepatic BP that extended to the distal bile duct and ampullary region. The mortality rate for HPD has recently decreased but HPD still has a high morbidity rate. In this study, we present a safe procedure for concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic BP.Patients and MethodsPreoperative studies showed showed multiple, variable‐sized, and nodular papillary masses with mucin in the left intrahepatic ducts, confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, and whole CBD, but peripheral to the right intrahepatic bile ducts were grossly well preserved. We underwent Lt. hepatectomy and the common bile duct and ampulla of Vater were completely resected with transduodenal approach and the pancreatic duct was repositioned to the duodenal mucosa.ConclusionsMajor hepatic resection and transduodenal approach for complete bile duct resection and pancreatic duct repositioning could be an acceptable therapeutic option for concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis without the evidence of pancreatic duct involvement in the patients with severe comorbidity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:139–142. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mucin phenotype in gastric cancer
Authors: Wakatsuki Kohei , Yamada Yukishige , Narikiyo Michihiro , Ueno Masato , Takayama Tomoyoshi , Tamaki Hidetoshi , Miki Katsuhiko , Matsumoto Sohei , Enomoto Koji , Yokotani Tomoyo , Nakajima Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGastric and intestinal mucin phenotype cell markers are widely expressed in gastric carcinoma cells, irrespective of their tumor histological type. In the present study, we tried to reveal the clinicopathological significance of mucin phenotype in human gastric carcinomas. Moreover, we investigated the clinical significance of RUNX3 in association with mucin phenotype.MethodsThe mucin expression of MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, and CD10 was evaluated in 97 gastric carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. Tumors were classified into gastric (G), gastric and intestinal mixed (GI), intestinal (I), and null (N) phenotype according to combination of mucin expression.ResultsThe rate of G, GI, I, and N phenotype was 40.0%, 38.1%, 10.3%, and 19.6%, respectively. Mucin phenotype was also significantly correlated with several clinicopathological findings. Patients with I phenotype had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with any other phenotypes. They also had a higher rate of postoperative liver metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that mucin phenotype was a significant independent prognostic factor. We suggested that Loss of RUNX3 expression might correlate with intestinal phenotype and postoperative outcome.ConclusionsMucin phenotype has a significant prognostic value and may be a useful marker for the treatment of human gastric carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:124–129. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schwingfestigkeit von Kehlnähten mit und ohne Fugenöffnung
Authors: Özden H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAuf die Frage; hat das Dickblechschweißen mit und ohne Fugenvorbereitung einen dominierenden Einfluss auf die Schwingfestigkeit? In der Literatur gibt es über den Einfluss der Nahtformen auf die Betriebsfestigkeit nicht genügende Arbeiten zu finden, deren Angaben aber in manchen Fällen einander widersprechen. Die Minimierung des Nahtquerschnittes sowie der Verzicht der Nahtvorbereitung und der Nahtnachbearbeitung wirken entscheidend auf die Fertigungskosten der Schweißverbindung. Zugleich kann enorme Zeit, Material und Energie eingespart werden.In dieser Arbeit wird das Schwingfestigkeitsverhalten von Kehlnahtverbindungen mit und ohne Fugenvorbereitung unter Biege‐ und Torsionsbeanspruchungen untersucht. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden dargestellt und kommentiert. Als das wichtigste Untersuchungsergebnis ist festzustellen, dass die Nahtform beim HV‐ und HY‐ Kehlnähten unter Biege‐ und Torsionsbeanspruchungen keinen dominierenden Einfluss auf die Schwingfestigkeit hat. Die Wöhlerlinien verlaufen für beide Nahtformen fast identisch.
Investigation of wear resistance and microstructure of a newly developed chromium and vanadium containing iron‐based hardfacing alloy
Authors: Reisgen U. , Dilthey U. , Balashov B. , Kondapalli S. , Geffers C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPlasma transferred arc (PTA) welded Ni and Co‐based alloys have gained high acceptance in many industrial applications for the wear protection of components. Recently, the cost of nickel and cobalt is rising drastically. This paper presents the development of a cost‐effective high chromium and vanadium containing iron‐based hardfacing alloy with high hardness and wear resistance. The welding processing of the alloy is carried out by PTA welding of atomized powders. Investigations on powder production as well as on weldability are presented. The coatings are metallographically studied by optical microscopy, SEM, EDX and micro‐hardness measurements. The wear resistance properties of the coatings are examined using pin on disk, dry sand rubber wheel and Miller testing, the corrosion properties are determined by immersion corrosion tests. The newly developed iron‐based alloy has nearly the same wear resistance as Ni‐based alloys with fused tungsten carbides at a higher level of corrosion resistance and much lower cost.
The effect of weld parameters on friction stir welding of brass plates
Authors: Çam G. , Serindağ H. T. , Çakan A. , Mistikoglu S. , Yavuz H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMore successful results have been obtained in butt‐ and overlap‐joining of Al‐alloy plates by a recently developed solid state joining technique, namely friction stir welding (FSW), than in more conventional fusion welding processes. In this joining technique, no fusion takes place in the joint area of the plates welded. This novel joining method also offers the potential to weld some other materials rather than Al‐alloys, such as Mg‐alloys, brasses and low strength steels. In this study, the applicability of friction stir welding to brasses, namely 90 %Cu‐10 %Zn and 70 %Cu‐30 %Zn alloys, has been investigated. The joint performance was determined by conducting optical microscopy, microhardness mesurements and mechanical testing (e.g. tensile and bend tests). The effect of welding speed on the joint quality at a given rotational speed of the stirring pin (i.e. 1600 rpm) was also determined for both alloys. The highest joint performances were obtained at a welding speed of 210 mm/min for both alloys.
A comparison of cardiac 31P MRS at 1.5 and 3 T
Authors: Tyler Damian J. , Hudsmith Lucy E. , Clarke Kieran , Neubauer Stefan , Robson Matthew D. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract31P MRS was evaluated on normal volunteers at 1.5 and 3 T, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the two field strengths was calculated. The in vivo spin‐lattice, T1, relaxation times for PCr and γ‐ATP, which are essential for correcting for the effects of radiofrequency saturation on the PCr/ATP ratio, were determined at 3 T. The T1 values for six volunteers were 3.8 ± 0.7 s for PCr (mean ± SD) and 2.4 ± 1.1 s for γ‐ATP, which are similar to reported values at 1.5 T, allowing us to use protocols developed at 1.5 T at the new clinical field strength of 3 T. Direct comparison between 1.5 T and 3 T in the same 10 subjects, using coils of identical geometry and identical pulse sequences gave a mean SNR for PCr at 3 T which was 206 ± 94% of that at 1.5 T. The linewidth for PCr increased from 13 ± 6 Hz at 1.5 T to 22 ± 12 Hz at 3 T. The coefficient of variation in the measurement of PCr/ATP, based on the Cramer–Rao lower bounds, was reduced from 32 ± 25% at 1.5 T to 18 ± 13% at 3 T. Thus, 31P MRS at 3 T is greatly improved by the increase in SNR compared with acquisitions at 1.5 T because of the higher field strength. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonprofit manager's guide to online volunteering
Authors: Dhebar Beatrice Bezmalinovic , Stokes Benjamin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAs access to the Internet expands, volunteer managers have the option of using this new technology to manage pools of volunteers online. Online volunteering can appear deceptively simple: post an opening, select a volunteer, and then manage them by e‐mail. However, our evaluation of an active online volunteering service used by more than three hundred organizations and ten thousand potential volunteers indicates that additional planning and management are frequently needed. Through an analysis of two years of quantitative data and interviews with more than forty volunteers and managers, we have extracted suggested practices and programmatic implications for managers in the areas of program design, volunteer selection, training, ongoing operations, and evaluation.
Clear‐cell adenofibroma can be a clonal precursor for clear‐cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary: a possible alternative ovarian clear‐cell carcinogenic pathway
Authors: Yamamoto S , Tsuda H , Takano M , Hase K , Tamai S , Matsubara O 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have reported that ovarian clear‐cell adenocarcinoma can be derived from endometriosis. Although the clear‐cell adenofibroma (CCAF), a major form of benign and borderline ovarian clear‐cell tumour, has been suggested as another precursor for clear‐cell adenocarcinoma (CCA), there is no supportive genetic evidence for this presumption. To examine the genetic linkage between CCAF and CCA of the ovary, we conducted allelotype analysis for both CCAF and adjacent CCA components in 14 cases of CCA associated with benign CCAF and/or borderline CCAF. DNA isolated from laser‐microdissected tissue was subjected to polymerase chain reaction and analysis for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), using 17 polymorphic markers located on 11 chromosomal arms: 1p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 9q, 10q, 11q, 13q, 18q, 19p and 22q. For all informative loci, the frequency of LOH in adenocarcinoma was 49% (54/110 loci), and was significantly higher than those in the components of benign CCAF (22%, 20/92 loci) and borderline CCAF (30%, 25/83 loci) (χ2 test; p < 0.05, respectively). The concordance rate in allelic patterns at all informative loci was 74% between benign CCAF and adenocarcinoma components, 81% between borderline CCAF and adenocarcinoma components, and 95% between benign CCAF and borderline CCAF components. Furthermore, between CCAF and adenocarcinoma components, an identical LOH pattern, involving the same alleles, was found in 13 (93%) of 14 cases at one or more chromosomal loci, and estimation of probability indicated that these events were very unlikely to have occurred by chance. Among the markers examined, LOHs on 5q, 10q and 22q were frequent in both CCAF and adenocarcinoma components, whereas LOHs on 1p and 13q were rare in CCAF components but frequent in adenocarcinoma components. These findings suggest that CCAF can be a clonal precursor for ovarian clear‐cell adenocarcinoma. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic liquids as an efficient bulk membrane for the selective transport of organic compounds
Authors: Branco Luís C. , Crespo João G. , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe possibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) in bulk (non‐supported) liquid membranes for the selective transport of organic molecules has been demonstrated. Recent publications have shown the potential usefulness of ILs in selective transport application and separation processes. In this work, a systematic selective transport study was performed using 1,4‐dioxane, 1‐propanol, 1‐butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, morpholine and methylmorpholine as a 7‐component mixture of representative organic compounds, and 10 different ILs based on five cation structures such as 1‐n‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation (n‐butyl and n‐octyl), 1‐n‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium cation, 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium ([C2OHmim]+), 1‐[2‐(2‐methoxy‐ethoxy)‐ethyl]‐3‐methylimidazolium ([C5O2mim]+) and tetra‐alkyl‐dimethylguanidinium cation (alkyl = ethylbutyl and hexyl), combined with PF and Tf2N− anions. These studies allowed us to understand the effect of cation–anion IL structures as novel liquid membranes, and also to conclude that IL polarity seems to be crucial in order to achieve high affinities and selectivities for a specific organic substrate. In general, the use of ILs based on more polar cations containing ether or hydroxyl functional groups increases their affinity for all organic compounds but also reduces the selective transport observed, especially for secondary and tertiary amines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Special Materials in Pyrotechnics: V. Military Applications of Phosphorus and its Compounds
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews the military applications of phosphorus in obscurants, incendiaries, float and smoke signals, friction igniters and decoys. Whereas white phosphorus (WP) is still in use as both incendiary and obscurant ammunition it has been mainly replaced today by red phosphorus (RP). For part VI see Ref. [1].
Computed Thermodynamic and Explosive Properties of 1‐Azido‐2‐nitro‐2‐azapropane (ANAP)
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Steemann F. Xaver , Sućeska Muhamed 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSome thermodynamic and explosive properties of the recently reported 1‐azido‐2‐nitro‐2‐azapropane (ANAP) have been determined in a combined computational ab initio (MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ) and EXPLO5 (Becker–Kistiakowsky–Wilson's equation of state, BKW EOS) study. The enthalpy of formation of ANAP in the liquid phase was calculated to be ΔfH°, ANAP(l)=+297.1 kJ mol−1. The heat of detonation (Qv), the detonation pressure (P), and the detonation velocity of ANAP were calculated to be Qv=−6088 kJ kg−1, P=23.8 GPa, D=8033 m s−1. A mixture of ANAP and tetranitromethane (TNM) was investigated in an attempt to tailor the impact sensitivity of ANAP, but results obtained indicate that the mixture is almost as sensitive as pure ANAP. On the other hand, ANAP and TNM were found to be chemically compatible (1H, 13C, 14N NMR; DSC) and a 1 : 1 mixture (by weight) of both components was calculated to have superior explosive properties than either of the individual components: Qv=−6848 kJ kg−1, P=27.0 GPa, D=8284 m s−1.
Study of the Effect of Additive Particle Size on Non‐ideal Explosive Performance
Authors: Trzciński Waldemar A. , Cudziło Stanisław , Paszula Józef , Callaway James 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDetonation performance of non‐ideal RDX‐based compositions was studied. Charges of phlegmatised RDX containing 30% of two types of aluminium powders, coarse aluminium oxide or fine lithium fluoride particles were tested. The research concerning influence of inert and reactive additives on the detonation velocity and quasi‐static pressure was carried out. To estimate the degree of afterburning of the detonation products and reactive particles, closed explosions were performed in a chamber filled with different atmospheres. Explosion residues were also analysed. Gasdynamical and thermochemical calculations were also performed for the tested explosive compositions.
Stabilizer Degradation in Propellants: Identification of Two Isomeric Forms of 2‐Nitro‐N‐nitroso‐N‐ethylaniline
Authors: Ritter Helmut , Braun Silke , Kaiser Manfred , Becher Christopher 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDuring the degradation of the propellant stabilizer Centralite I the 2‐nitro‐N‐nitroso‐N‐ethylaniline 2N‐NO‐EA is formed showing two signals in the chromatographic analysis (HPLC) with a 2 : 1 ratio, while the 4‐nitro isomer presents only one signal. This completely unexpected behaviour which interferes with the qualitative and quantitative determination was supposed to be due to the presence of two isomeric forms; however, the existence of two rotameric forms cannot be excluded. A detailed parameter study of the analytical conditions showed that at temperatures of 5 °C the isolation of the two forms should be possible. Preparative chromatography on a RP‐18 column at 5 °C indeed gave fractions with differing percentages of both forms; at room temperature a re‐equilibration to the starting ratio of 2 : 1 was observed.
Investigation of the Burning Properties of Slow‐Propagation Tungsten Type Delay Compositions
Authors: Lu Kai‐Tai , Yang Ching‐Chyuan , Ko Yang‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwenty‐eight delay compositions with a variation of the W content of ±20% wt, on the basis of the primitive formula, W/BaCrO4/KClO4/SiO2/Viton=27 : 54 : 11 : 6 : 2, were designed for delay ignition in self‐destruction application of fuse. They were processed finally to be cylindrical pellets and were then characterized by measuring their burning properties including igniting ability, burning rate, and output flame temperature. In the experiments, the cylindrical pellets were packed into a heat‐resisting quartz tube and were ignited by an electrical‐heating wire. A high‐speed video camera and a digital‐image processing device were used for simultaneously recording the combustion phenomena such as ignition and flame propagation. In addition, the output flame temperature was detected by placing a thermocouple at the end of the quartz tube. The delay compositions were also loaded in a cylindrical aluminum tube to measure burning properties as compared to naked cylindrical pellets. According to these experimental results, this work discussed the effect of composition on burning properties. The consequences of these analyses will be very important and useful for defining criteria in formulating the tungsten type slow‐propagation delay compositions, as well as for improving self‐destruction designs of fuse.
Porous silicon antireflection layer for solar cells using metal‐assisted chemical etching
Authors: Chaoui Rachid , Mahmoudi Bedra , Si Ahmed Yasmina 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPorous silicon antireflection coatings were generated on fully processed screen‐printed monocrystalline silicon solar cells using metal‐assisted chemical etching in HF:H2O2:ethanol. In this method, interaction of the HF acid with the cell front grid contact results in the dissolution of silver nanoparticles which provide the catalytic sites required to initiate porous silicon formation. Control of the etching time and HF concentration was found critical to attain good antireflection proper‐ ties while avoiding front contact degradation. The optimised porous silicon layer reduced the solar cell effective reflectance from 44% to 12% in the spectral range 400–1100 nm and increased the short‐circuit current density by 46%. The solar cell efficiency was raised by 3% absolute. The simplicity of the method makes it promising for cost‐effective reduction of reflection losses in silicon solar cells. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reconstruction of the thermally quenched glow‐curve of Al2O3:C
Authors: Dallas G. I. , Afouxenidis D. , Stefanaki E. C. , Tsagas N. F. , Polymeris G. S. , Tsirliganis N. C. , Kitis G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe experimental glow‐curve of Al2O3:C is highly disturbed due to the strong thermal quenching effect present in this material. Therefore, the real glow‐curve shape of this material is unknown. The present work describes an attempt to reconstruct the glow‐curve shape of Al2O3:C samples with different TL peak structures. The reconstruction procedure is performed in two steps. In the first step, the very narrow glow‐curves are fitted with the product of known kinetic equations and the expression giving the thermal quenching efficiency. From this procedure the quenching parameters are estimated. Next, the experimental glow curves are reconstructed (corrected for thermal quenching) dividing them by the quenching efficiency using the evaluated parameters from the first step. This step was applied to all types of glow curve structures. It was found that the quenching parameters estimated from the above procedure for Al2O3:C are in very good agreement with those reported in the literature. The results indicate that the method can be used as an alternative method for the evaluation of the quenching parameters and the reconstruction of the real (without quenching) glow‐curves of various materials. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orbital angular momentum, its torque and magnetic moment calculated for the electrons circulating on the Landau levels of a crystalline solid
Authors: Olszewski S. , Rolin’︁ski T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe angular momentum of electrons circulating in a constant magnetic field has been examined for the case of free electrons and those bound in a crystal lattice. The case of the crystal electrons provides us with a change of the angular momentum in the course of the process of the electron circulation. This temporal dependence can then be associated with the relaxation time of the circulation varying along the electron position on the orbit. The quantum expressions for the angular momentum and the magnetic moment, similar to those calculated for the energies of the Landau levels, have been derived and compared, first, with the experimental data for semiconductors, next with those obtained by Askenazy. For semiconductors the average observed data differ from those calculated from the theory by a factor equal to about two. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cation ordering in NiFe2–xCrx O4‐spinels studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy in external fields
Authors: Winell S. , Amcoff Ö. , Ericsson T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNiFe2–x Crx O4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.8, produced from appropriate oxides, has been studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) at low and ambient temperatures and in external fields up to 7 Tesla. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows all samples to be single phase cubic spinels, where a0 changes with change in x, as a concave curve, with a minimum at around x = 1. Analyses, based on Mössbauer spectra, show NiFe2–x Crx O4 to be a nearly perfect inverted spinel for x ≤ 0.6. However, for higher x ‐values the ordering is more complicated. It is shown that iron also populates the octahedral positions for x ≥ 0.8. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bulk growth of SiC – review on advances of SiC vapor growth for improved doping and systematic study on dislocation evolution
Authors: Sakwe Sakwe Aloysius , Stockmeier Mathias , Hens Philip , Müller Ralf , Queren Desirée , Kunecke Ulrike , Konias Katja , Hock Rainer , Magerl Andreas , Pons Michel , Winnacker Albrecht , Wellmann Peter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews research on advanced bulk crystal growth of SiC. A brief review highlights the benefits of the so called Modified Physical Vapor Transport Technique which uses an additional gas pipe for fine tuning of the growth cell of a conventional Physical Vapor Transport setup with additional gases. Main emphasis, however, will be laid on a systematic dislocation evolution study for various growth parameter sets. Besides doping, growth temperature was considered. Two main results were found: (i) In p‐type SiC, irrespective of the incorporation of aluminum or boron acceptors, basal plane dislocations that are harmful for bipolar power devices appear less pronounced or are even absent compared to n‐type SiC. (ii) Growth at elevated seed temperature (i.e. 2300 °C and higher) is beneficial for low dislocation densities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)