bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh Photo‐Responsivity and Detectivity in 2D Bismuth Sulfide Photodetector for Vis–NIR Radiation
Authors: Panwar Vinod , Dey Manoj , Sharma Pragya , Sundar Karthick , Nandi Sukanta , Tripathi Rahul , Mondal Anindita , Makineni Surendra K. , Shukla Alok , Singh Abhishek , Misra Abha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) exhibits a direct energy bandgap and an exceptional optical absorption capability over a broadband radiation, thus presents a novel class of 2D photodetector material. The field effect transistor (FET) photodetector device is fabricated from 2D Bi2S3. An anomalous variation in the transport characteristics of 2D Bi2S3 is observed with the variation in temperature. The electrical resistance reduces by 99.26% at 10 K compared to the response at 300 K. Defects due to the bismuth and sulfur vacancies play a critical role in the dramatic behavior, which is confirmed using photoluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence, Hall measurements, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The density functional theory calculations provide a significant insight into the thermodynamic properties of intrinsic defects in Bi2S3. Moreover, the effect of gate bias on responsivity additionally confirms its invariance at low temperature. The Bi2S3 based FET photodetector achieves ultrahigh responsivity in the order of ≈106 A W−1 and detectivity of ≈1014 Jones. Moreover, the external quantum efficiency of ≈107% is measured in a wide spectrum of optical illumination (532 to 1064 nm) with a noise‐equivalent power of 3.5 × 10−18 W/√Hz at a bias of 0.2 V. The extraordinary performance of Bi2S3 photodetector outstands 2D photodetectors.
Advanced Hollow Cubic FeCo‐N‐C Cathode Electrocatalyst for Ultrahigh‐Power Aluminum–Air Battery
Authors: Tian Zhidong , Liang Yiqi , Chen Kai , Gao Jiyuan , Lu Zhiwen , Hu Xiang , Ding Yichun , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe exploration of electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is pivotal in the development of diverse batteries and fuel cells that rely on ORR. Here, a FeCo‐N‐C electrocatalyst (FeCo–HNC) featuring with atomically dispersed dual metal sites (Fe–Co) and hollow cubic structure is reported, which exhibits high activity for electrocatalysis of ORR in alkaline electrolyte, as evidenced by a half‐wave potential of 0.907 V, outperforming that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The practicality of such FeCo–HNC catalyst is demonstrated by integrating it as the cathode catalyst into an alkaline aluminum–air battery (AAB) paring with an aluminum plate serving as the anode. This AAB demonstrates an unprecedented power density of 804 mW cm−2 in ambient air and an impressive 1200 mW cm−2 in an oxygen‐rich environment. These results not only establish a new benchmark but also set a groundbreaking record for the highest power density among all AABs reported to date. Moreover, they stand shoulder to shoulder with state‐of‐the‐art H2–O2 fuel cells. This AAB exhibits robust stability with continuous operation for an impressive 200 h. This groundbreaking achievement underscores the immense potential and forward strides that the present work brings to the field.
MXene‐Based Pressure Sensor with a Self‐Healing Property for Joule Heating and Friction Sliding
Authors: Chen Yu , Gao Mengyao , Chen Kun , Sun Huili , Xing Haonan , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Weijie , Guo Haizhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs a kind of flexible electronic device, flexible pressure sensor has attracted wide attention in medical monitoring and human‐machine interaction. With the continuous deepening of research, high‐sensitivity sensor is developing from single function to multi‐function. However, Current multifunctional sensors lack the ability to integrate joule heating, detect sliding friction, and self‐healing. Herein, a MXene/polyurethane (PU) flexible pressure sensor with a self‐healing property for joule heating and friction sliding is fabricated. The MXene/PU sensitive layer with special spinosum structure is prepared by a simple spraying method. After face‐to‐face assembly of the sensitive layers, the MXene/PU flexible pressure sensor is obtained and showed excellent sensitivity (150.65 kPa−1), fast response/recovery speed (75.5/63.9 ms), and good stability (10 000 cycles). Based on the self‐healing property of PU, the sensor also has the ability to heal after mechanical damage. In addition, the sensor realizes the joule heating function under low voltage, and has the real‐time monitoring ability of sliding objects. Combined with low cost and simple manufacturing method, the multi‐functional MXene/PU flexible sensor shows a wide range of application potential in human activity monitoring, thermal management, and slip recognition.
Hybrid Hydrogen Bonding Strategy to Construct Instantaneous Self‐Healing Highly Elastic Ionohydrogel for Multi‐Functional Electronics
Authors: Huang Hongfei , Sun Lijie , Zhang Luzhi , Zhang Yalin , Zhang Youwei , Zhao Shunan , Gu Shijia , Sun Wei , You Zhengwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGels show great promise for applications in wearable electronics, biomedical devices, and energy storage systems due to their exceptional stretchability and adjustable electrical conductivity. However, the challenge lies in integrating multiple functions like elasticity, instantaneous self‐healing, and a wide operating temperature range into a single gel. To address this issue, a hybrid hydrogen bonding strategy to construct gel with these desirable properties is proposed. The intricate network of hybrid strong weak hydrogen bonds within the polymer matrix enables these ionohydrogel to exhibit remarkable instantaneous self‐healing, stretching up to five times their original length within seconds. Leveraging these properties, the incorporation of ionic liquids, water, and zinc salts into hybrid hydrogen bond crosslinked network enables conductivity and redox reaction, making it a versatile ionic skin for real‐time monitoring of human movements and respiratory. Moreover, the ionohydrogel can be used as electrolyte in the assembly of a zinc‐ion battery, ensuring a reliable power supply for wearable electronics, even in extreme conditions (−20 °C and extreme deformations). This ionohydrogel electrolyte simplifies the diverse structural requirements of gels to meet the needs of various electronic applications, offering a new approach for multi‐functional electronics.
A Stable Matrix Assisting Highly Compatible and Maintainable Lithium‐Garnet Interface for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Ye Xiaolu , Wang Tengrui , Wen Jiayun , Yu Qian , Chen Yuwei , Cai Kefeng , Luo Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolid‐state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs) are attractive due to their capability to simultaneously offer high energy density and high‐level safety when combining Li metal anodes, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), and high‐voltage cathodes together. However, SSLMBs may well incur short circuits caused by Li dendrites penetrations, which mainly originate from the instability and poor contact between Li metal and SSEs. Herein, by taking full advantage of the reaction products of Li and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP), a lithium‐LATP composite anode (Li‐LATP) is obtained, in which a stable matrix is formed to enhance the contact between Li and the garnet‐type SSEs, alleviating the volume change and preserving an intact interface during the charge/discharge process. Consequently, the Li‐LATP/garnet/Li‐LATP symmetric cell displays a fairly low interfacial resistance of 6 Ω cm2 and stable cycling performance for over 2500 h with a low overpotential. Furthermore, the LiCoO2/garnet/Li‐LATP full cell also shows a high discharge capacity of 159 mAh g−1 and great cycling performance.
Machine Learning‐Assisted Survey on Charge Storage of MXenes in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Kawai Kosuke , Ando Yasunobu , Okubo Masashi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPseudocapacitance is capable of both high power and energy densities owing to its fast chemical adsorption with substantial charge transfer. 2D transition‐metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are an emerging class of pseudocapacitive electrode materials. However, the factors that dominate the physical and chemical properties of MXenes are intercorrelated with each other, giving rise to challenges in the quantitative assessment of their discriminating importance. In this perspective, literature data on the specific capacitance of MXene electrodes in aqueous electrolytes is comprehensively surveyed and analyzed using machine‐learning techniques. The specific capacitance of MXene electrodes shows strong dependency on their interlayer spacing, where confined H2O in the interlayer space should play a key role in the charge storage mechanism. The electrochemical behavior of MXene electrodes is overviewed based on atomistic insights obtained from data‐driven approaches.
Effect of Energy‐driven Molecular Precursor Decomposition on the Crystal Orientation of Antimony Selenide Film and Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Li Ke , Yang Junjie , Cai Zhiyuan , Gu Yuehao , Liu Aoxing , Zhu Changfei , Tang Rongfeng , Chen Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) consists of 1D (Sb4Se6)n ribbons, along which the carriers exhibit high transport efficiency. By adjusting the deposition parameters of vacuum‐deposited methods, such as evaporation temperature, chamber pressure, and vapor concentration, it is possible to grow the (Sb4Se6)n ribbons vertically or highly inclined towards the substrate, resulting in films with [hk1] orientation. However, the specific mechanisms by which these deposition parameters affect the orientation of thin films require a deeper understanding. Herein, a molecular beam epitaxy technique is developed for the preparation of highly [hk1]‐oriented Sb2Se3 films, and the effect of evaporation parameters on the film orientation is investigated. It is found that the evaporation temperature can affect the decomposition degree of Sb2Se3, which in turn determines the vapor composition and film orientation. Additionally, the decomposition of Sb2Se3 related to evaporation temperature leads to significant changes in the elemental composition of the film, thereby passivating deep‐level defects under Se‐rich conditions. Consequently, the Sb2Se3 films with highly [hk1] orientation achieve a power conversion efficiency of 8.42% for the solar cells. This study provides new insights into the control of orientation in antimony‐based chalcogenide films and points out new directions for improving the photovoltaic performance of solar cells.
Investigation on deformation behavior and bearing capacity of a segmental ring based on the horizontal convergence
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Zhao Xu , Li Yang , Yuan Bingxiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a refined numerical model, which contains the detailed geometric construction of the longitudinal joints, is established to investigate the bearing performance of the segmental ring based on the horizontal convergence. Firstly, the model is verified by comparing it with the reported results of a documented full‐scale model test. Then, according to the load‐structure method, this numerical model is employed to investigate the deformation behavior and bearing capacity of the segmental ring. Moreover, the effects of the coefficient of lateral pressure and subgrade reaction are extensively taken into consideration through comprehensive numerical analyses. According to the numerical results, a bilinear model is proposed to describe the relation between the convergent displacement and the stratum pressure, which could be used to preliminarily estimate the convergence after the completion of tunnel construction. Otherwise, the development of structural defects, such as the joint opening and the water leakage, has close association with the horizontal convergence. Therefore, a simple evaluation method for tunnel structure safety assessment is proposed using horizontal convergence deformation as an indicator to predict the tunnel service state. Since this indicator is easy to obtain during the tunnel operation, it is convenient for the engineers to assess the bearing capacity of the segmental ring and the service state of the tunnel structure quickly.
Fabrication of astaxanthin‐loaded nanoparticles and their neuroprotective effects on C6 cell lines
Authors: Oanh Ho Thi , Hien Hoang Thi Minh , Van Tru Nguyen , Hien Trinh Thi , Hoang Mai Ha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAstaxanthin (AST), a well‐known carotenoid primarily extracted from the green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, exhibits notable pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidation, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, its practical application in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics is hindered by its limited water solubility and poor bioavailability. To address these challenges, this study aims to fabricate astaxanthin‐loaded nanoparticles and evaluate their neuroprotective potential. Nanoparticles of astaxanthin were synthesized by the freeze‐drying method using the surfactants Tween 80 and lecithin, the β‐cyclodextrin encapsulating agent. The nanoparticles possessing high AST loading (up to 9.6 wt%) had a spherical shape with an average particle size of 98 nm and negative surface potentials (ζ = −36.8 mV). The neuroprotective effects of the astaxanthin nanoparticles were thoroughly determined. Nanoastaxanthin (NA) exhibited excellent dispersibility and stability in aqueous solutions, thereby remarkably improving its absorption into the C6 glial cell line. Furthermore, nanoastaxanthin protected C6 cells against Aβ25‐35‐induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the expression of genes (iNOS, COX, TNF‐α, and IL‐6) involved in the inflammatory pathway. In general, these results suggest that nanoparticles of astaxanthin in this work may be appropriate ingredients for functional foods.
The utility of trace DNA within forensic science for investigative and intelligence purposes
Authors: Hoffmann Rachael , Meakin Georgina E. , Morelato Marie , Roux Claude 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForensic science not only provides evidence to support criminal investigations, but also contributes to knowledge surrounding criminal phenomena. Forensic scientists are in the unique position to strategically combine information gained from traces to create intelligence that can assist the security space in keeping our communities safe. Research into the use of traces for more than just criminal investigations, with a focus on the greater “utility” of a trace, has pointed to the broader problem‐solving potential of traces when more fully exploited. Alongside this, there has continued to be an exponential increase of the use of biological traces for criminal investigations, in particular the collection of trace DNA specimens. The potential for identification, among other information, trace DNA can provide is vast, however much of the previous research has predominately focused on recovery rates which does not provide a holistic view of the value of trace DNA. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on the utility of trace DNA, as well as makes suggestions toward the creation of a decision‐making model that can inform scene of crime officers in regards to trace selection and decisions about trace analysis.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > DNA Databases and Biometrics
Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence
Efficacy of hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis using 3D visualization combined with ICG fluorescence imaging: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Zhenju , Zeng Silue , Zeng Xiaojun , Wen Sai , Zhou Yi , Cai Peilin , Zhong Hao , Liu Zhihao , Xiang Nan , Zhou Chenjie , Fang Chihua , Zeng Ning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatolithiasis is a complex condition that poses challenges and difficulties in surgical treatment. Three‐dimensional visualization technology combined with fluorescence imaging (3DVT‐FI) enables accurate preoperative assessment and real‐time intraoperative navigation. However, the perioperative outcomes of 3DVT‐FI in hepatolithiasis have not been reported. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of 3DVT‐FI in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, between January 2017 and December 2022. Among them, 50 patients underwent hepatectomy using 3DVT‐FI (3DVT‐FI group), while 78 patients underwent conventional hepatectomy without 3DVT‐FI (CH group). The operative data, postoperative liver function indices, complication rates and stone residue were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in preoperative baseline data between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the CH group, the 3DVT‐FI group exhibited lower intraoperative blood loss (140.00 ± 112.12 vs. 225.99 ± 186.50 mL, p = 0.001), and a lower intraoperative transfusion rate (8.0% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.027). The overall incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly (22.0% vs. 35.9%, p = 0.096). The 3DVT‐FI group was associated with a lower immediate residual stone rate (16.0% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.021). There were no perioperative deaths in the 3DVT‐FI group, while one perioperative death occurred in the CH group.ConclusionsThe 3DVT‐FI may offer significant benefits in terms of surgical safety, reduced intraoperative bleeding and decreased stone residue during hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.
Introduction
Authors: Yates Simeon , Carmi Elinor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis book developed from the “Digital Inclusion Policy and Research Conference 2021”. This was the third in a series of conferences that brought together, academic researchers, policy makers and practitioners. The chapters presented here represent the breadth of topics explored at the conference. The conference took place – online – at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result several the chapters here explore issues that arose or interventions that took place in response to COVID-19. This is not just a curiosity of timing but reflects a key shift in thinking, especially policy, thinking about digital exclusion and strategies for digital inclusion. COVID-19 lockdowns drove a range of responses. Many governments their agencies, health providers, community groups and businesses shifted “online”. There were many potential benefits with this shift – but it also left a lot of people behind. In fact, from our own experience and discussions with governments and civic stakeholders, we can confidently say that levels of digital inequality – not just absolute digital exclusion – caught many organisations off guard. Levels of digital access (e.g., broadband speeds), equipment, spaces in the home to use digital kit, distribution across families, as well as individual and household digital literacies were all found to be wanting or much lower than assumed.
How to Make Affordability-Focused Digital Inclusion Interventions More Effective: Lessons from the Connected Students Program
Authors: Kennedy Jenny , Holcombe-James Indigo , Mannell Kate , Boyle Estelle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses findings from the Connected Students program, a digital inclusion initiative delivered by Telstra (Australia’s largest telecommunications provider) and evaluated by researchers based at RMIT University. The program specifically aimed to address the affordability barriers to digital inclusion experienced by low-income households in a large regional town in Victoria, Australia. Drawing on findings from the program, this chapter outlines lessons and considerations for future digital inclusion programs.
Infocomics vs Infodemics: How Comics Utilise Health, Data and Media Literacies
Authors: Feigenbaum Anna , McDougall Julian , Tonnesen Ozlem Demirkol 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic citizens created their own artistic representations of public health messages. Tackling everything from the significance of R numbers, to being on guard for misinformation, these public health comics were shared across social media to thousands of followers. In this chapter we present findings from our UKRI/AHRC project ‘Comics in the time of COVID-19’ that analysed a sample of over 15,000 web-comics distributed on Instagram between March 2020 and March 2021. At their best, these comics amplified official public health messages, increased data comprehension, and led to more informed approaches to consuming and sharing digital media.
Atomic Process in Plasmas
Authors: Takabe Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen a high-intensity laser is irradiated onto a solid gold (Z = 79), half of the electrons is partially ionized. The multi-electron structure of such ions is not obvious. Quantum mechanics of multi-electron systems and calculations of ionization statistics are required. In this chapter, the electrons in the ion are approximated to be bound in a spherically symmetric mean field, and the isolated atom is studied.The Hartree-Hock (HF) equation, which accurately describes atoms in many-electron systems, can be solved, but it is a daunting task. For this purpose, simple but error-prone approximations have been used, such as the HULLAC and OPAL codes, which use the para-potential method instead of a rigorous description of the HF. It is an intuitive and easy-to-understand approximation.Once the quantum state of the bound electrons can be calculated, the statistical distribution of ionization can be obtained by solving the Saha equation for thermal equilibrium. The threshold of ionization (continuum lowering) is determined. The calculation of such an ionic structure is presented. Due to the high temperature of the plasma, interaction with thermal radiation and free electrons cause excitation, ionization, and the reverse process. Calculations of these processes will be presented.Applications of the rate equations will be explained. In the recently introduced X-ray laser (XFEL) heating, free electrons are also non-equilibrium (non-Maxwellian). This chapter begins with a review of hydrogen and helium atoms, and then introduces the topics of atomic physics and processes from the laboratory to the universe.