bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suboptimal in vitro culture conditions: an epigenetic origin of long‐term health effects
Authors: Fernández‐Gonzalez Raúl , Ramirez Miguel Angel , Bilbao Ainhoa , De Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez , Gutiérrez‐Adán Alfonso 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe foetal origins of adult diseases or Barker hypothesis suggests that there can be adverse in uterus effects on the foetus that can lead to certain diseases in adults. Extending this hypothesis to the early stages of embryo development, in particular, to preimplantation stages, it was recently demonstrated that, long‐term programming of postnatal development, growth and physiology can be irreversibly affected during this period of embryo development by suboptimal in vitro culture (IVC). As an example, it was found in two recent studies that, mice derived from embryos cultured in suboptimal conditions can suffer from obesity, increased anxiety, and deficiencies on their implicit memory system. In addition, it was observed that suboptimal IVC can cause disease in mature animals by promoting alterations in their genetic imprinting during preimplantation development. Imprinting and other epigenetic mechanisms control the establishment and maintenance of gene expression patterns in the embryo, placenta and foetus. The previously described observations, suggest that the loss of epigenetic regulation during preimplantation development may lead to severe long‐term effects. Although mostly tested in rodents, the hypothesis that underlies these studies can also fit assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures in other species, including humans. The lack of information on how epigenetic controls are lost during IVC, and on the long‐term consequences of ART, underscore the necessity for sustained epigenetic analysis of embryos produced in vitro and long‐term tracking of the health of the human beings conceived using these procedures. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1149–1156, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scrotal heat stress effects on sperm viability, sperm DNA integrity, and the offspring sex ratio in mice
Authors: Pérez‐Crespo M. , Pintado B. , Gutiérrez‐Adán A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEvidence exists to suggest detrimental effects of heat stress on male fertility. This study was designed to assess the effects of scrotal heat stress on mature and developing sperm in a mouse model. After receiving shock heat treatment (42°C for 30 min), mature spermatozoa were recovered from the epididymis hours (6) or Days (7, 14, 21, 28, 60) later, to determine the variables: number of spermatozoa, sperm viability, motility and progressive motility, sperm DNA integrity as established by the TUNEL method, embryo implantation rate, and sex ratio of the fetuses conceived using the heat‐exposed spermatozoa. Our results indicate that transient mild heat treatment does not affect in the same way the different types of male germ cells. Spermatocytes present within the testis at the time of heat stress resulted into a lower concentration of spermatozoa with reduced viability and low motility. Even though, DNA integrity of spermatozoa resulting from spermatocytes was also compromised by heat stress, the higher degree of DNA damage was found among spermatozoa resulting from spermatids present within the testis at the time of heat stress. At last, heat shock effect on spermatozoa present in the epididymis at the time of thermal stress resulted into a sex ratio distortion. These findings point to a higher sensitivity of spermatocytes to heat exposure and also suggest a different response of X and Y chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa to heat stress that warrants further investigation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 40–47, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of porous/hollow particles of phenolic resin
Authors: Hong Zhou , Guangsu Huang , Pin Gao , Chengqun Long 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPorous/hollow polymer microparticles were prepared by suspension polymerization from a resol, water‐soluble phenolic resin in a multiple emulsion system oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil(O/W/O). The porous/hollow structures of phenolic resin microparticle were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown that the porous/hollow structure is related to a dispersion and curing process of the resol resin. It was indicated that it is low‐cost and simple to prepare porous/hollow phenolic resin micr‐particles from resol in an O/W/O system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking of the effects of the plasticizer on the water uptake and free volume changes of methylcellulose
Authors: Pintye‐Hódi Klára , Süvegh Károly , Marek Tamás , Zelkó Romána 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe structural changes in methylcellulose containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) as plasticizer caused by water absorption during storage were evaluated. In order to elucidate the structural changes in the polymer, water‐uptake measurements and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were utilized. The PEG concentrations relative to the total polymer content were varied within the range 0–75% w/w. The Doppler‐spectra were characterized by means of the conventional parameters S and W. A transition from a single phase to two phases was found in the methylcellulose films above PEG; a content of 33% w/w. The first step of ageing is merely a conformational change, after which the electron structure remains more or less the same, while both S and W indicate significant changes during the second slow step of ageing. Accurate determination of the plasticizer concentration relating to the single‐phase to two‐phase transition of Metolose‐PEG films has a great impact from the aspect of the application of a stable composition for coating of solid dosage forms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductive characteristics of radical‐bearing polythiophenes using a microcomb‐shaped electrode
Authors: Tanaka Manabu , Hatta Kaoru , Edura Tomohiko , Tsutsui Ken , Wada Yasuo , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe electric conductivity of π‐conjugated and radical‐bearing polymers, i.e., polythiophenes bearing pendant galvinoxyl and phenoxyl radical groups, was measured using a microcomb‐shaped electrode. The electric conductivity was found to be enhanced by the radical content in the polymer. The infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies suggested a structural change from an aromatic form to a quinoid one in the polythiophene backbone by the phenoxyl radical generation. The effect of the pendant galvinoxyl radical's unpaired electron on the electric conductivity of the polythiophene was discussed by comparing the conductivity of a radical‐bearing polystyrene and a polythiophene mixed with low‐molecular radical molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term follow‐up of children who underwent hematopoeitic cell transplant (HCT) for AML or ALL at less than 3 years of age
Authors: Perkins Joanna L. , Kunin‐Batson Alicia S. , Youngren Nancy M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Ulrich Kami J. , Hansen Melissa J. , Petryk Anna , Steinberger Julia , Anderson Fiona S. , Baker K. Scott 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundHematopoeitic cell transplantation (HCT) in childhood has been associated with late complications including endocrine, neurocognitive, and cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Little is known about the complications of transplantation in infants.ProcedureEligible subjects underwent HCT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at less than 3 years of age. Seventeen out of 33 eligible patients were evaluated, transplanted between 1981–2000. Eleven patients had AML, 11 were female. Preparative regimen included total body irradiation (TBI) for eleven. Age at HCT ranged from 0.58 to 2.97 years, and survival 3.25 to 22.33 years. Patients underwent physical and laboratory evaluation, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, bone age X‐ray, neuropsychological, and quality of life (QOL) evaluation.ResultsIdentified abnormalities included: growth hormone deficiency (59%), hypothyroidism (35%), osteochondromas (24%), decreased bone mineral density (24%), and dyslipidemias (59%). Two patients developed a second malignancy. Neuropsychological testing revealed average intelligence quotient (IQ) with attention deficits and other weaknesses for most patients. There were no overall differences between QOL in these children when compared to population norms.ConclusionsOf the survivors evaluated, typical late effects seen after radiation exposure are common, yet most subjects were doing well without major ongoing medical issues. Dyslipidemias affect more than half of patients and may be associated with metabolic syndrome, placing patients at increased risk for early cardiovascular disease. Even in this group of patients where the majority was exposed to TBI at a very young age, most are functioning at an average or above‐average level. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:958–963. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guidelines for submitting adverse event reports for publication
Authors: Kelly William N. , Arellano Felix M. , Barnes Joanne , Bergman Ulf , Edwards I. Ralph , Fernandez Alina M. , Freedman Stephen B. , Goldsmith David I. , Huang Kui , Jones Judith K. , McLeay Rachel , Moore Nicholas , Stather Rosie H. , Trenque Thierry , Troutman William G. , van Puijenbroek Eugene , Williams Frank , Wise Robert P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPublication of case reports describing suspected adverse effects of drugs and medical products that include herbal and complementary medicines, vaccines, and other biologicals and devices is important for postmarketing surveillance. Publication lends credence to important signals raised in these adverse event reports. Unfortunately, deficiencies in vital information in published cases can often limit the value of such reports by failing to provide sufficient details for either (i) a differential diagnosis or provisional assessment of cause‐effect association, or (ii) a reasonable pharmacological or biological explanation. Properly described, a published report of one or more adverse events can provide a useful signal of possible risks associated with the use of a drug or medical product which might warrant further exploration. A review conducted by the Task Force authors found that many major journals have minimal requirements for publishing adverse event reports, and some have none at all. Based on a literature review and our collective experience in reviewing adverse event case reports in regulatory, academic, and industry settings, we have identified information that we propose should always be considered for inclusion in a report submitted for publication. These guidelines have been endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) and the International Society of Pharmacovigilance (ISoP) and are freely available on the societies' web sites. Their widespread distribution is encouraged. ISPE and ISoP urge biomedical journals to adopt these guidelines and apply them to case reports submitted for publication. They also encourage schools of medicine, pharmacy, and nursing to incorporate them into the relevant curricula that address the detection, evaluation, and reporting of suspected drug or other medical product adverse events. Copyright © 2007 Kelly et al. Reproduced with permission by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compatibility of recycled PVC/ABS blends. Effect of previous degradation
Authors: Garcia David , Balart Rafael , Sánchez Lourdes , López Juan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to analyze the compatibility between recycled poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). With this objective, blends made from recycled PVC obtained from credit cards and both virgin ABS and recycled ABS obtained from the electrical and electronic sector were prepared, and the range of compositions from 0 to 100 wt% were analyzed. The level of degradation existing within the recycled materials was analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The existence of partial compatibility between the components of the blend was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The presence of the elastomeric phase in the ABS is a significant factor which needs to be taken into account when studying the phenomena of interfacial adhesion. In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis has been used to analyze the effect of temperature upon stiffness, in the function of the composition of the blend. The tensile strength of the blends has been adjusted according to the equivalent box model, which has allowed the determination of the level of adhesion at the interface of the blend components. Finally, a morphological study of the fracture has been completed using scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:789–796, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Alginate fibres: an overview of the production processes and applications in wound management
Authors: Qin Yimin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlginate fibers are made from sodium alginate, which is a natural polymer extracted from brown seaweeds. Over the last two decades, alginate fibers have become well established in the wound management industry where their ion‐exchange and gel‐forming abilities are particularly useful for the treatment of exuding wounds. In order to deliver functional performances for advanced wound management products, many improvements have been made in recent years to enhance the absorption and gel‐forming capabilities and the anti‐microbial properties of alginate fibers. In addition, attempts have been made to use alginate fibers as a carrier to deliver zinc, silver and other active ingredients that are beneficial to wound healing. This paper reviews the development in the production of various fibers from alginate, and summarizes the production processes for calcium alginate, calcium/sodium alginate, sodium alginate, zinc alginate, silver alginate and other types of alginate fibers containing novel functional ingredients. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Ulcer protective effect of Terminalia arjuna on gastric mucosal defensive mechanism in experimental rats
Authors: Devi R. S. , Narayan Shoba , Vani G. , Srinivasan P. , Mohan K. Vijai , Sabitha K. E. , Devi C. S. Shyamala 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe methanol extract of the bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) (TAE) showed marked antiulcer and ulcer healing activity against 80% ethanol (ETH), diclofenac sodium (DIC) and dexamethasone (DEX) induced ulcer models dose dependently at doses of 100, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. Pre‐, post and co‐administration of TAE offered 100% protection to the gastric mucosa against ETH, DIC and DEX induced ulcers as observed from the ulcer score. Gastric mucosal analysis of DEX induced rats were associated with changes in the levels of protein, protein bound carbohydrate complexes, lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared with control rats. Co‐administration with TAE in DEX rats (DEX + TAE) favorably altered the levels of LPO, GSH and also the activities of SOD and CAT in gastric mucosa, whereas the activities of GPx remained unaltered in all groups. In DEX + TAE rats, the levels of protein and protein bound carbohydrate complexes were increased when compared with DEX rats. The results indicate that the gastroprotective effect of TAE is probably related to its ability to maintain the membrane integrity by its antilipid peroxidative activity that protects the gastric mucosa against oxidative damage and its ability to strengthen the mucosal barrier, the first line of defense against exogenous and endogenous ulcerogenic agents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rapid characterisation of poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers using desorption electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry combined with novel product ion peak assignment software
Authors: Williams Jonathan P. , Hilton Gillian R. , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Jackson Anthony T. , Scrivens James H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA rapid method for the characterisation of polyglycol esters and ethers is described which uses accurate mass desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q‐ToFMS). The results are combined with newly developed software which aids the interpretation of product ions produced using collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of selected precursor ions. The poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) samples analysed were PEG dibenzoate, PEG monooleate, PEG butyl ether, PEG bis(2‐ethyl hexanoate) and PEG diacrylate. Lithium metal was used for cationisation of the PEG oligomers since it yielded the most useful structural information compared with other group I metals. The full scan mass spectra and product ion mass spectra were all obtained in <5 s. Interpretation of the MS/MS product ion spectra, using the product ion interpretation software which incorporates previously developed fragmentation rules, was carried out in <1 s. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Jung Kyu Sung , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Jae Il , In Moon Kyo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of thirteen psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives (amphetamine; AP, phentermine; PT, methamphamine; MA, cathinone; Khat, methcathinone; MCAT, fenfluramine; FFA, desmethylselegiline; DSEL, 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDA, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA, 3,4‐methylenedioxyethylamphetamine; MDEA, norketamine; NKT, mescaline; MES, 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine; 2CB) in human hair. Hair samples (20 mg) were washed with distilled water and acetone, cut into small fragments (<1 mm), and incubated in 0.25 M methanolic HCl under ultrasonication at 50°C for 1 h. The resulting solutions were evaporated to dryness, derivatized using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) at 70°C for 30 min, and analyzed by GC/MS. The linear ranges were 0.02–25.0 ng/mg for AP, PT, Khat, FFA, DSEL, MDMA, and 2CB; 0.05–25.0 ng/mg for MA, MCAT, and MES; 0.05–12.5 ng/mg for MDA; and 0.1–25.0 ng/mg for MDEA and NKT, with good correlation coefficients (r2 > 0.9985). The intra‐day, inter‐day, and inter‐person precisions were within 12.7%, 14.8%, and 16.8%, respectively. The intra‐day, inter‐day, and inter‐person accuracies were between −10.7 and 13.4%, −12.7 and 11.6%, and −15.3 and 11.9%, respectively. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) for each compound were lower than 0.08 ng/mg. The recoveries were in the range of 76.7–95.6%. The method proved to be suitable for the simultaneous qualification and quantification of phenylalkylamine derivatives in hair specimens. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topological properties of the one dimensional exponential random geometric graph
Authors: Gupta Bhupendra , Iyer Srikanth K. , Manjunath D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article we study the one‐dimensional random geometric (random interval) graph when the location of the nodes are independent and exponentially distributed. We derive exact results and limit theorems for the connectivity and other properties associated with this random graph. We show that the asymptotic properties of a graph with a truncated exponential distribution can be obtained using the exponential random geometric graph. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
A continuous–discontinuous second‐order transition in the satisfiability of random Horn‐SAT formulas
Authors: Moore Cristopher , Istrate Gabriel , Demopoulos Demetrios , Vardi Moshe Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe compute the probability of satisfiability of a class of random Horn‐SAT formulae, motivated by a connection with the nonemptiness problem of finite tree automata. In particular, when the maximum clause length is three, this model displays a curve in its parameter space, along which the probability of satisfiability is discontinuous, ending in a second‐order phase transition where it is continuous but its derivative diverges. This is the first case in which a phase transition of this type has been rigorously established for a random constraint satisfaction problem. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
A study of e‐mail patterns
Authors: Shah Sam , Noble Brian D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlthough electronic mail is an increasingly important service, there are few empirical studies of e‐mail traffic. We have observed over 2.85 million messages passing through our departmental servers over the course of seven months, and derived distributions that approximate several important e‐mail parameters including message sizes, message senders and receivers and the burstiness of message deliveries. Our work is unique in that we also analyse message payloads: attachment content types, e‐mail redundancy, and the use of e‐mail as a sharing mechanism. These data can be used in developing e‐mail workloads for mail system engineering or benchmarking. To this end, we provide an improved version of Postmark, a small‐file Internet benchmark, that better approximates mail server characteristics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapidly implementing languages to compile as C++ without crafting a compiler
Authors: Savidis Anthony 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present a heuristic implementation method for programming languages that is appropriate when the following requirements or conditions are met: (a) there is a need for very rapid development of a language with significant performance demands, while exploiting a comprehensive host language and/or library; (b) need of customized runtime execution environment supporting of execution tracing and visualization instruments; (c) the facilitation of hybrid code exists, such as mixing with the native language, and there is the potential for allowing multiple languages to be deployed concurrently in the same program. This may account for a wide range of domain‐specific languages such as learning‐oriented, scripting, assembly style, data manipulation, rule‐based, or event languages. The proposed technique is presented for the C++ language, supporting the development of languages whose source programs compile as C++ code. The software architecture shifts from the tradition of lexical analysis, syntax‐directed translation and code generation, and we propose a complementary, conditionally advantageous, heuristic development paradigm. The method has been applied to the development of a high‐level imperative language, an assembly language and a functional language, which are all currently deployed for teaching purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.