bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Multiphase Flow Phenomena in Moving Time‐Averaged Space
Authors: Ueyama K. , Saito M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn overview of multiphase flow phenomena is described on the basis of three relations; a relation between an interaction force and time‐averaged physical quantities, a relation between an interaction force and the surrounding flow field, and a relation between time‐averaged physical quantities and multiphase flow. The three relations used to theoretically derive the parabolic radial distribution of gas holdup for recirculating turbulent flow in a bubble column are in good agreement with experimental data. General applicability of the three relations for a variety of multiphase flows is also discussed.
VOF‐Simulation of the Lift Force for Single Bubbles in a Simple Shear Flow
Authors: Bothe D. , Schmidtke M. , Warnecke H.‐J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBubbles in shear flows experience a lift force, causing them to migrate sideways while they are rising. This lateral migration is investigated in numerical simulations, which are carried out with an extended version of the highly parallelized code FS3D, employing an advanced Volume‐of‐Fluid method. The movement of single bubbles in linear shear flows is simulated to obtain the magnitude of the lift force – expressed by the lift force coefficient CL – for various bubble diameters and material data. Simulation results are in good agreement with experiments for medium liquid phase viscosities. An investigation of the dynamic pressure on the bubble surface explains why large bubbles migrate in the opposite direction compared to small bubbles.
Synthesis, Multiphase Characterization, and Helicity Control in Chiral DACH‐Linked Oligothiophenes
Authors: Melucci Manuela , Barbarella Giovanna , Gazzano Massimo , Cavallini Massimiliano , Biscarini Fabio , Bongini Alessandro , Piccinelli Fabio , Monari Magda , Bandini Marco , Umani‐Ronchi Achille , Biscarini Paolo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new class of chiral oligothiophenes is described. Mono‐, bi‐, ter‐, and quarterthiophenes have been linked to enantiopure trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine (DACH) via diamino or diimino moieties. The stereochemistry of DACH, the type of linker, and oligothiophene size determine the conformational flexibility of these molecules and consequently their molecular and supramolecular helicity in solution and in the solid state. The case of diaminobis(bithiophene), which inverts helicity and shows chiral amplification in the transition from solution to film, is described in detail. Based on the combined use of circular dichroism in solution and in the solid state, single‐crystal/thin‐film X‐ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscopy, a working mechanism has been proposed to explain this unexpected behavior.
Surgical pathology stage by American Joint Commission on Cancer criteria predicts patient survival after preoperative chemoradiation for localized gastric carcinoma
Authors: Rohatgi Pooja R. , Mansfield Paul F. , Crane Christopher H. , Wu Tsung‐Teh , Sunder Punita K. , Ross William A. , Morris Jeffrey S. , Pisters Peter W. , Feig Barry W. , Gunderson Leonard L. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Preoperative chemoradiation for localized gastric cancer can modify baseline stage, as determined by surgical pathology stage. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that surgical pathology stage would be a better prognosticator of overall survival (OS) than baseline stage.METHODS.Patient populations were combined from 2 prospectively conducted, preoperative chemoradiation trials that used the same therapeutic strategy. Patients must have had localized gastric adenocarcinoma and were staged extensively, including endoscopic ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Patients had to be fit for surgery medically with a technically resectable cancer. All patients provided written informed consent. Patients first received induction chemotherapy for up to 2 months followed by chemoradiation (45 grays) and an attempted surgery. OS was correlated with pretreatment and posttreatment parameters, including surgical pathology stage according to American Joint Commission on Cancer criteria.RESULTS.Of 74 patients who were registered, 69 patients (93%) had undergone surgery. Nineteen patients (26%) had a pathologic complete response (pathCR), and 55 patients (81%) had a curative (R0) resection. None of the pretreatment parameters correlated with OS; however, longer OS correlated with lower pathologic stage (P < .0001), R0 resection (P < .001), clinical response noted prior to surgery (P = .002), pathCR (P = .004), lower pathologic lymph node classification (P = .006), and lower pathologic tumor classification (P = .03). Pathologic stage and R0 resection were independent prognostic factors for OS (multivariate Cox model; both P = .05).CONCLUSIONS.When preoperative chemoradiation strategy was employed for gastric cancer, the surgical pathology stage, a reflection of cancer's biologic heterogeneity, was a better prognosticator of OS than the baseline clinical stage. Surgical pathology stage, in this setting, may serve as an intermediate endpoint for Phase II/III trials. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Predictors of outcome in patients undergoing postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer
Authors: Spiess Philippe E. , Brown Gordon A. , Liu Ping , Tannir Nizar M. , Tu Shi‐Ming , Evans James G. , Czerniak Bogdan , Kamat Ashish M. , Pisters Louis L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe management of metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) frequently consists of systemic chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC‐RPLND). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the authors' PC‐RPLND experience and identify predictors of outcome in these patients.METHODSBetween 1980 and 2003, 236 patients with clinical Stage IIA‐III NSGCT underwent PC‐RPLND. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed for pertinent clinical and treatment‐related outcomes. The 5‐year disease‐specific and recurrence‐free survival was 85% and 75%, respectively, with the median length of follow‐up after RPLND 45 months (6–250 months).RESULTSThe median age of patients at diagnosis was 28 years, with all patients receiving systemic chemotherapy (median of 5 cycles) before RPLND. On multivariate analysis, predictors of poorer disease‐specific survival (DSS) included systemic symptoms at presentation (P= .05), elevated pre‐RPLND serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP,P= .006) and β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG,P= .004), postoperative complications (P= .03), and recurrence (P< .0001). Predictors of poorer recurrence‐free survival (RFS) included advanced clinical stage (IIC‐III,P= .001) and presence of viable tumor in the RPLND specimen (P= .03). A pre‐RPLND serum AFP > 9 ng/mL and HCG > 4.1 mIU/mL were found to predict a worse DSS (P= .03 and .03, respectively).CONCLUSIONSIn patients undergoing PC‐RPLND, preoperative tumor markers and the occurrence of postoperative complications or recurrence are predictive of poorer DSS. Advanced clinical stage and viable tumor in the surgical specimen predict worse RFS. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase‐β (LPAAT‐β) is highly expressed in advanced ovarian cancer and is associated with aggressive histology and poor survival
Authors: Diefenbach Catherine S.M. , Soslow Robert A. , Iasonos Alexia , Linkov Irina , Hedvat Cyrus , Bonham Lynn , Singer Jack , Barakat Richard R. , Aghajanian Carol , Dupont Jakob 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDLysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase‐β (LPAAT‐β) tumor expression is an emerging prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic target in early epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The significance of tumor overexpression of LPAAT‐β was investigated in a large number of advanced‐ and early‐stage EOC patients.METHODSLPAAT‐β expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 158 ovarian tumors, including 68 advanced and 90 low‐stage tumors, representing all grades and histologies (including 33 borderline tumors). In advanced‐stage patients, tissue from multiple sites was evaluated to assess differential expression of LPAAT‐β in local tumor and distant metastases.RESULTSLPAAT‐β was overexpressed in 90 (57%) of all 158 ovarian tumors. Forty‐nine (72%) of 68 advanced tumors overexpressed LPAAT‐β. LPAAT‐β was associated with the presence of carcinoma versus borderline histology (67% vs. 18%, P < .0001), high histologic grade [according to the Silverberg Grading Scheme] (Grade 1, 25%; Grade 2, 21%; and Grade 3, 54%; P < .0001), and with papillary‐serous histology. In an analysis of the 125 carcinoma patients, LPAAT‐β increased with but was not significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P = .1431). LPAAT‐β expression was associated with shortened progression‐free survival (PFS) (5‐year PFS, 32% for LPAAT‐β‐positive vs. 60% for LPAAT‐β‐negative; P = .0318) and decreased overall survival (OS) (5‐year OS, 54% for LPAAT‐β‐positive vs. 74% for LPAAT‐β‐negative; P = .0173).CONCLUSIONSLPAAT‐β is highly expressed in advanced ovarian tumors and is associated with aggressive histology and decreased PFS and OS. LPAAT‐β is an intriguing prognostic tool for the identification of high‐risk EOC and a potential target for directed therapy that warrants further study. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Effect of obesity on survival in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Pavelka James C. , Brown Rebecca S. , Karlan Beth Y. , Cass Ilana , Leuchter Ronald S. , Lagasse Leo D. , Li Andrew J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Epidemiologic studies suggest that obese women are more likely to die of ovarian cancer than those of ideal body weight, but it is not known whether increased incidence, comorbidities common to obese women, or altered tumor biology is responsible for this difference. The current study attempted to determine the influence of excess body weight on ovarian cancer survival, disease progression, and clinicopathologic factors.METHODS.The records of patients undergoing surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer at Cedars Sinai Medical Center between January 1, 1996 and June 30, 2003 were reviewed for height, weight, age, comorbidities, and treatment‐specific details. Statistical analyses included the Fisher exact test, Kaplan‐Meier survival, and Cox regression analyses.RESULTS.In all, 216 patients were identified. Eight percent were underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5), 50% were ideal body weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), 25% were overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and 16% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Age, comorbidities including coronary artery disease and venous thromboembolism, and rates of optimal surgical cytoreduction were similar among BMI strata. Diabetes and hypertension were more common in obese women. Ten (29%) of the obese patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I disease, compared with 19 (10%) of the patients with BMI < 30 (P = .01). In a subcohort of 149 patients with Stage III or IV disease, a significant trend was identified favoring increased BMI as an independent negative factor for disease‐free (P = .02) and overall (P = .02) survival.CONCLUSIONS.Obese patients were more likely to have disease limited to the ovaries. For patients with advanced stage disease, obesity was independently associated with both shorter time to recurrence and shorter overall survival. These findings suggest an effect of excess body weight on tumor biology, and studies are under way to elucidate the molecular and hormonal mechanisms underlying these clinical observations. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Nonequilibrium statistics of a reduced model for energy transfer in waves
Authors: DeVille R. E. Lee , Milewski Paul A. , Pignol Ricardo J. , Tabak Esteban G. , Vanden‐Eijnden Eric 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe study energy transfer in a “resonant duet”—a resonant quartet where symmetries support a reduced subsystem with only 2 degrees of freedom—where one mode is forced by white noise and the other is damped. We consider a physically motivated family of nonlinear damping forms and investigate their effect on the dynamics of the system. A variety of statistical steady states arise in different parameter regimes, including intermittent bursting phases, states highly constrained by slaving among amplitudes and phases, and Gaussian and non‐Gaussian quasi‐equilibrium regimes. All of this can be understood analytically using asymptotic techniques for stochastic differential equations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear stability and instability of relativistic Vlasov‐Maxwell systems
Authors: Lin Zhiwu , Strauss Walter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe consider the linear stability problem for a symmetric equilibrium of the relativistic Vlasov‐Maxwell (RVM) system. For an equilibrium whose distribution function depends monotonically on the particle energy, we obtain a sharp linear stability criterion. The growing mode is proved to be purely growing, and we get a sharp estimate of the maximal growth rate. In this paper we specifically treat the periodic 1½D case and the 3D whole‐space case with cylindrical symmetry. We explicitly illustrate, using the linear stability criterion in the 1½D case, several stable and unstable examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On a micro‐macro model for polymeric fluids near equilibrium
Authors: Lin Fang‐Hua , Liu Chun , Zhang Ping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study a micro‐macro model for polymeric fluid. The system involves coupling between the macroscopic momentum equation and a microscopic evolution equation describing the combined effects of the microscopic potential and thermofluctuation. We employ an energetic variation procedure to explore the relation between the macroscopic transport of the particles and the induced elastic stress due to the microscopic structure. For the initial data not far from the equilibrium, we prove the global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a steroidogenic factor 1/Cre transgenic mouse line
Authors: Bingham Nathan C. , Verma‐Kurvari Sunita , Parada Luis F. , Parker Keith L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Cre‐loxP strategy provides an approach to disrupt genes in specific tissues and/or cell types, circumventing lethality associated with global knockouts or secondary effects due to gene inactivation at other sites. A critical component is the development of transgenes that target Cre expression to specific cell types. Here, we describe the use of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis to target Cre expression to tissues that express steroidogenic factor 1 (SF‐1, officially designated Nr5a1). Consistent with the SF‐1 expression pattern, the SF‐1 BAC directed Cre expression to the somatic cells of the gonads, the adrenal cortex, the anterior pituitary, the spleen, and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. This transgene provides a powerful tool to inactivate genes of interest in these tissues. genesis 44:419–424, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of ZnO Nanowires in a Neutral Aqueous System: Concentration Effect on the Orientation Attachment Process
Authors: Yang Ming , Pang Guangsheng , Li Jixue , Jiang Linfeng , Feng Shouhua 
Published: August 2006

AbstractZnO nanowires with diameters in the range of 10 to 30 nm and lengths of ca. several micrometers are prepared with the use of ZnO nanoparticles as building blocks. The length and diameter of the ZnO nanowires can be controlled by the variation of the concentration of the nanoparticles in the orientation attachment process. A plausible mechanism for the concentration‐controlled orientation attachment process is suggested. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Gold Catalysis: Alkylideneoxazolines and ‐oxazoles from Intramolecular Hydroamination of an Alkyne by a Trichloroacetimidate
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Rudolph Matthias , Schymura Stefan , Visus Jorge , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeveral propargylic trichloroacetimidates have been prepared and their reactions with gold catalysts studied. Only with the propargyl and the 1‐methylpropargyl substituent was a selective cyclization observed; with gold(III) chloride in acetonitrile only the product of a fast hydroamination to 4‐methylene‐4,5‐dihydrooxazoles was obtained, in chloroform the slower subsequent aromatization could not be prevented which delivered the oxazoles after long reaction times. Up to 3333 turnovers could be reached. With gold(I) catalysts in chloroform or dichloromethane selective hydroamination to 4‐methylene‐4,5‐dihydrooxazoles without subsequent aromatization was exclusively observed. The gold(I) catalysts also allowed chemoselective cycloisomerization of N‐propargylcarboxamides to 5‐methylene‐4,5‐dihydrooxazoles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Reactivity of 1‐Phenoxy‐2,7‐octadiene under Metathesis Conditions
Authors: Damez Céline , Bouquillon Sandrine , Hénin Françoise , Muzart Jacques 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe metathesis of the internal double bond of 1‐phenoxy‐2,7‐octadiene was found to be mediated by Grubbs catalysts. In the presence of rhenium or tungsten‐based catalysts the reaction was found to afford o‐substituted phenols. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Optimization of capillary array electrophoresis single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis for routine molecular diagnostics
Authors: Jespersgaard Cathrine , Larsen Lars Allan , Baba Shingo , Kukita Yoji , Tahira Tomoko , Christiansen Michael , Vuust Jens , Hayashi Kenshi , Andersen Paal Skytt 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMutation screening is widely used for molecular diagnostics of inherited disorders. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the present and future identification of genetic risk factors for complex disorders will increase the need for high‐throughput mutation screening technologies. Capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) SSCP analysis is a low‐cost, automated method with a high throughput and high reproducibility. Thus, the method fulfills many of the demands to be met for application in routine molecular diagnostics. However, the need for performing the electrophoresis at three temperatures between 18°C and 35°C for achievement of high sensitivity is a disadvantage of the method. Using a panel of 185 mutant samples, we have analyzed the effect of sample purification, sample medium and separation matrix on the sensitivity of CAE‐SSCP analysis to optimize the method for molecular diagnostic use. We observed different effects from sample purification and sample medium at different electrophoresis temperatures, probably reflecting the complex interplay between sequence composition, electrophoresis conditions and sensitivity in SSCP analysis. The effect on assay sensitivity from three different polymers was tested using a single electrophoresis temperature of 27°C. The data suggest that a sensitivity of 98–99% can be obtained using a 10% long chain poly‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide polymer.
A comparative analysis of bleomycin‐induced incomplete chromosome elements in two mammalian cell lines using a telomeric PNA probe
Authors: Flaqué María C. Díaz , Bianchi Martha S. , Bolzán Alejandro D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a telomeric peptide nucleic acid probe was employed to analyze the induction of incomplete chromosome elements (ICE; i.e., incomplete chromosomes and terminal fragments) by bleomycin (BLM) in two mammalian cell lines. Chinese hamster embryo cells (CHE cell line, average 2n = 23) and domestic rabbit cells (CPC cell line, average 2n = 44) were treated with 2.5 μg/ml BLM; after 18 hr of incubation, first‐division metaphases were stained with the telomeric probe, and ICE and other unstable chromosomal aberrations were scored. BLM induced ICE, dicentrics, and interstitial acentric fragments in CHE cells, but only ICE in CPC cells. About 50% of the metaphases in BLM‐treated CHE cells contained one or more pairs of ICE, while only 20% of treated CPC cells contained ICE. Almost 100% of the BLM‐induced ICE in both cell lines consisted of pairs formed by an incomplete chromosome and a terminal fragment. Our results confirm that ICE are the most frequent type of unstable chromosomal aberration induced by BLM in mammalian cells. Moreover, the present study shows that an increase in the chromosome number does not necessarily result in an increase in the frequency of BLM‐induced ICE. The results also show that the difference in the chromosomal sensitivity to BLM in CHE and CPC cells is due to differences in the absolute frequency but not in the pattern (i.e., type and proportion) of ICE. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Focal nodular hyperplasia: Lesion characteristics on state‐of‐the‐art MRI including dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced and superparamagnetic iron‐oxide‐uptake sequences in a prospective study
Authors: Terkivatan Türkan , van den Bos Indra C. , Hussain Shahid M. , Wielopolski Piotr A. , de Man Rob A. , IJzermans Jan N.M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPurposeTo image a cohort of patients with pathology‐proven focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) to assess which characteristics of state‐of‐the‐art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver are the most useful for improving the detection and characterization of FNH.Materials and MethodsIn 14 patients, pathology‐proven FNH (N = 33) were prospectively examined using gadolinium (Gd) and superparamagnetic iron‐oxide (SPIO) contrast media. All lesions were evaluated for signal intensity (SI), fatty infiltration, central scar, mode of enhancement with Gd, and uptake of SPIO. The percentage of dynamic contrast enhancement in the arterial, portal, and delayed phases was assessed. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) before and after administration of SPIO contrast was calculated.ResultsThe SI of the lesions was low to isointense on T1‐weighted (T1W) images, and intermediate to isointense on T2W images. Fatty infiltration of the lesions was present in 6%. The percentages of enhancement in the liver and lesion were 110%, 115%, and 95%, and 151%, 182%, and 160%, respectively (P < 0.0001). All lesions showed uptake of SPIO with improved conspicuity of the central scar and septa. The CNR values precontrast and post‐Gd/SPIO were significantly different for T1 in‐ and opposed‐phase and black‐blood echo‐planar imaging (BBEPI).ConclusionCombining dynamic Gd‐enhanced imaging with T1W and T2W sequences after administration of SPIO facilitates comprehensive evaluation of FNH. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.