bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Differences in the Place of Death of Elderly Hospice Enrollees
Authors: Johnson Kimberly S. , Kuchibhatala Maragatha , Sloane Richard J. , Tanis David , Galanos Anthony N. , Tulsky James A. 
Published: October 2005

Elderly minorities are more likely to die in inpatient settings than their Caucasian counterparts. It is not known whether this difference is due to cultural preferences for place of death or decreased access to hospice. This analysis examines ethnic differences in the place of death of elderly hospice patients.Using data from a large, national hospice provider, elderly (≥65) African‐American, Hispanic, and Caucasian decedents admitted to hospice between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, were identified. Of the 115,854 eligible decedents, 78.3% were Caucasian, 10.7% African American, and 11% Hispanic. Hispanics and African Americans were more likely to die in inpatient hospice settings than Caucasians (38.5%, 38.5%, and 32%, respectively). After adjustment for demographic and hospice use variables, older African Americans had higher odds than older Caucasians of dying in an inpatient hospice setting than a nursing home (odds ratio (OR)=1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07–1.19). However, African‐American ethnicity was not a significant predictor of death in an inpatient setting versus home (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.97–1.08)). Hispanics had lower odds than Caucasians of death in an inpatient hospice setting than at home (OR=0.88, 95% CI=0.84, 0.93) and higher odds of death in an inpatient setting than a nursing home (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.37–1.53).Admission to hospice reduces but does not eliminate ethnic differences in place of death. Further research should examine the effect of individual and cultural preferences for place of death on decisions to enroll in hospice.
The Effect of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Position on Cranial Tibial Subluxation: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kowaleski Michael P. , Apelt Detlef , Mattoon John S. , Litsky Alan S. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives—To compare centered versus distal tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) position on cranial tibial subluxation, postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), and tibial long axis shift (TLAS).Study Design—In vitro biomechanical evaluation.Animals—Six pairs of canine cadaveric hind limbs.Methods—One limb of each pair was randomly assigned to the distal (TPLO‐D) or centered (TPLO‐C) osteotomy group. Cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) under load was quantified sequentially under 3 conditions: intact, after cranial cruciate ligament transection, and after TPLO; a corrected CTS value was also calculated. Postoperative TPA and TLAS were measured. Comparisons were made using 1‐way repeated measures ANOVA with a Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test for CTS, and a Wilcoxon's sign rank test for TPA and TLAS. Significance was set atP<.05.Results—TPLO‐C had a significantly lower mean CTS than TPLO‐D (P<.01). Corrected CTS was also significantly lower in TPLO‐C than in TPLO‐D (P<.001). Postoperative TPA and TLAS were less in TPLO‐C than in TPLO‐D (P=.0312).Conclusion—Our results confirm that distal centering of the TPLO leads to craniodistal translation of the tibial plateau, TLAS, and a postoperative TPA that is greater than expected. This geometric effect has the biomechanical effect expected of inadequate tibial plateau leveling, namely incomplete neutralization of cranial tibial thrust.Clinical Relevance—The centered osteotomy position is geometrically more precise, and biomechanically more effective than the distal position.
Experimental Use of Polyamide Bands in Combination with Intramedullary Pinning for Repair of Oblique Femoral Fractures in Rabbits
Authors: Carrillo Jose M. , Sopena Joaquin J. , Rubio Monica , Redondo Jose I. , Serra Ivan , Soler Carme 
Published: October 2005

Objective— To evaluate the use of polyamide bands, manufactured for securing electrical cables, for repair of oblique femoral fractures in rabbits.Study Design— Experimental study.Animals— Twelve nulliparous, 21–25‐week‐old, California female rabbits.Methods— Rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n=4) and studied for 14, 28, or 56 days. A Z‐shaped mid‐diaphyseal femoral osteotomy was repaired with a 2.5 mm intramedullary pin and a polyamide 6.6 cerclage band. Healing was evaluated at intervals by physical examination, limb use, femoral radiographs, and callus histology.Results— Rabbits had early limb use with good wound healing. From the 1st day, movement of the hip and stifle joints was satisfactory. Radiographically, fractures were healed at 28 days. Histologically, there was no foreign body reaction and bone healing was normal.Conclusion— Nylon cerclage band application was accomplished easily, maintained reduction, and resulted in good healing and limb use.Clinical Relevance— Sterilized nylon bands, manufactured for electrical use, can be used for cerclage in rabbits.
Ureteral Papilla Implantation as a Technique for Neoureterocystostomy in Cats
Authors: Hardie Robert J. , Schmiedt Chad , Phillips Lynette , McAnulty Jonathan 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To evaluate ureteral papilla implantation for neoureterocystostomy in cats.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Five domestic shorthair cats.Methods—The ureteral papilla was resected and the ureter isolated to the level of the renal hilus. The ureter was reimplanted into the apex of the bladder and the contralateral kidney was removed. Serum creatinine concentrations were measured daily for 7 days, then every other day from days 7–14, then every 3rd day until day 35. Ultrasound examination (once during the first 4 days, then again on day 35) and intravenous pyelography (day 35) were performed to assess ureteral patency. Histologic examination of the anastomosis was performed on day 35.Results—Serum creatinine concentration remained within reference range for all cats except for a transient (<24 hour) increase (2.2, 2.3, and 3.6 mg/dL respectively) in 3 cats. Ultrasound examination and intravenous pyelography revealed no evidence of ureteral obstruction. Histologic examination revealed complete mucosal epithelialization of the anastomosis, moderate inflammation localized to residual suture material, and no evidence of vascular compromise of the ureteral papilla.Conclusion—Implantation of the ureteral papilla is a viable technique for neoureterocystostomy in cats.Clinical Relevance—Advantages of ureteral papilla neoureterocystostomy include the technical ease of suturing the ureteral papilla, reduced risk of ureteral obstruction because sutures are not placed directly within the ureteral lumen and a more secure anastomosis because a complete 2‐layer closure is performed.
Multiple Rib Fracture in a Neonatal Foal Using a Nylon Strand Suture Repair Technique
Authors: Kraus Beth M. , Richardson Dean W. , Sheridan Georgiana , Wilkins Pamela A. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives— To report rib fracture repair using the Securos Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System (SCCLRS; Securos Veterinary Orthopedics, Charlton, MA) in a neonatal foal.Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 1‐day‐old Standardbred foal with fracture of left ribs 2–9.Methods— Four days after admission the foal was anesthetized and rib fractures were repaired using open reduction and the SCCLRS.Results— Rib fractures were successfully stabilized and the foal was discharged 7 days postoperatively without further complications.Conclusions— The SCCLRS provided a straightforward, effective method of rib fracture repair in neonatal foals.Clinical Relevance— Effective rib fracture repair in neonatal foals can be achieved with the SCCLRS.
Use of Autogenous Fascia Lata Graft for Perineal Herniorrhaphy in Dogs
Authors: Bongartz Alexandre , Carofiglio Francesca , Balligand Marc , Heimann Marianne , Hamaide Annick 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of a herniorrhaphy technique, using an autogenous fascia lata graft (FLG) for perineal hernia (PH) repair in dogs.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Twelve dogs with PH.Method—PHs were repaired with FLG harvested from the dog's ipsilateral thigh and sutured directly into the perineal defect. Correction of associated conditions, and castration were performed. Surgical time, pain, inflammation, pattern of defecation, lameness, hospitalization time, postoperative complications, and owner satisfaction were recorded. Histopathologic examination was performed in 1 dog euthanatized 10 months after repair.Results—Hernia did not recur (mean follow‐up, 5.8 months). Lameness was the most frequent minor complication, and was resolved within a few days. Transient rectal prolapse occurred in 2 dogs with bilateral PH. The mean (±SD) hospitalization was 1.8±0.9 days, and the surgical time was 76.5±9.8 minutes. Histopathologic examination in 1 dog revealed perfect integration of FLG into adjacent tissues without substantial tissue reaction.Conclusions—FLG reconstruction of PH is a simple, effective method of treatment.Clinical Relevance—FLG can be used without major complications for primary repair of PH, as an augmentation procedure when the internal obturator muscle is thin or friable, or when herniation has recurred after another repair technique.
Anomalous polarization of elastic waves in transversely isotropic media
Authors: Helbig Klaus , Schoenberg Michael 
Published: October 2005

The orientation of the displacement vector U of a plane wave in a homogeneous anisotropic elastic medium is the polarization of that plane wave. For transversely isotropic media, U of the fastest plane wave propagating in a given direction need not be in or near the direction of propagation, i.e., the direction of the slowness vector s. Moreover, with the x3 axis the transverse axis of the medium, when c13+c44&lt;0, there are directions of propagation for which U can be perpendicular to s which means that the first arrival in that direction is a purely transverse wave. The two plane waves whose displacement vectors lie in the plane of the direction of propagation and the x3 axis—the faster usually called ‘‘quasi-P’’ and the slower usually called ‘‘quasi-SV’’—have mutually orthogonal displacement vectors. The polarization of these waves as a function of propagation direction depends strongly on the sign of c13+c44 whereas the magnitudes of the slowness vectors, which give the shape of the slowness surface, do not. In the x3 direction and perpendicular to the x3 direction the waves are purely longitudinal and purely transverse. When c13+c44 is positive, which is the usual case, the particle displacement vectors rotate in the same sense as the slowness vector. When c13+c44 is negative, which is the ‘‘anomalous’’ case, the sense of rotation of the particle displacement vector is opposite to that of the slowness vector and there always exists a direction of propagation in the medium for which U of the fast (or inner or quasi-P) sheet of the slowness surface is perpendicular to that direction and U of the slow (or outer or quasi-SV) sheet is parallel to that direction. The stability conditions on the transversely isotropic moduli even admit media that are (almost) kinematically isotropic, i.e., characterized by spherical wave fronts emanating from point sources, but which are characterized by anomalous polarization.
A layered medium can be equivalent, in the long-wavelength limit, to an anomalous transversely isotropic medium. For a layered medium composed of two alternating constituent substrates, this can occur when the larger volume fraction constituent has a negative Poisson’s ratio, the smaller volume fraction constituent has a positive Poisson’s ratio, and the ratio of the shear modulus of the negative Poisson’s ratio constituent to the shear modulus of the positive Poisson’s ratio constituent is very large.
Serotype-Specific Detection of Dengue Viruses in a Fourplex Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay
Authors: Johnson Barbara W. , Russell Brandy J. , Lanciotti Robert S. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

The dengue (DEN) viruses are positive-strand RNA viruses in the genus
Flavivirus
. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome are important human arboviral diseases caused by infection with one of four closely related but serologically distinct DEN viruses, designated DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 viruses. All four DEN serotypes are currently cocirculating throughout the subtropics and tropics, and genotypic variation occurs among isolates within a serotype. A real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification assay has been developed to detect viral RNA of a single DEN virus serotype. Each primer-probe set is DEN serotype specific, yet detects all genotypes in a panel of 7 to 10 representative isolates of a serotype. In single reactions and in fourplex reactions (containing four primer-probe sets in a single reaction mixture), standard dilutions of virus equivalent to 0.002 PFU of DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 viruses were detected; the limit of detection of DEN-1 virus was 0.5 equivalent PFU. Singleplex and fourplex reactions were evaluated in a panel of 40 viremic serum specimens with 10 specimens per serotype, containing 0.002 to 6,000 equivalent PFU/reaction (0.4 to 1.2 × 10
6
PFU/ml). Viral RNA was detected in all viremic serum specimens in singleplex and fourplex reactions. Thus, this serotype-specific, fourplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR nucleic acid detection assay can be used as a method for differential diagnosis of a specific DEN serotype in viremic dengue patients and as a tool for rapid identification and serotyping of DEN virus isolates.
Variability of
Clostridium difficile
Surface Proteins and Specific Serum Antibody Response in Patients with
Clostridium difficile
-Associated Disease
Authors: Péchiné Séverine , Janoir Claire , Collignon Anne 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Pathogen attachment is a crucial early step in mucosal infections. This step is mediated by important virulence factors, such as surface proteins.
Clostridium difficile
surface proteins have been identified as (i) adhesins (the flagellar cap protein FliD; the flagellin FliC; and the cell wall protein Cwp66 with a two domain-structure [Cw66 N-terminal and Cwp66 C-terminal domains]) and (ii) protease (the Cwp84 protein). To address the roles of these proteins in the pathogenesis of
Clostridium difficile
and to identify vaccine antigen candidates, we analyzed the variability of the proteins and their immunogenicities in 17 patients with
C. difficile
-associated disease. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified gene products revealed interstrain homogeneity with
fliC
and
fliD
, in contrast to
cwp66
genes. Immunoblot analysis showed that FliC and FliD were detected in the majority of isolates. The N-terminal domain of Cwp66 and Cwp84 were present in all strains tested, in contrast to the Cwp66 C-terminal domain, the expression of which was heterogeneous. The 17 sera from the corresponding patients were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies directed against these proteins. Many patients developed antibodies to FliC, FliD, Cwp84, and the Cwp66 C-terminal domain, but not to the Cwp66 N-terminal domain. In conclusion, this study confirms the expression of these surface proteins of
C. difficile
during the course of the disease. In addition, the FliC, FliD, and Cwp84 proteins appeared to be good potential vaccine candidates.
Polymorphism of Variable-Number Tandem Repeats at Multiple Loci inMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Smittipat Nat , Billamas Pamaree , Palittapongarnpim Manee , Thong-On Arunee , Temu Mansuet M. , Thanakijcharoen Prateep , Karnkawinpong Opart , Palittapongarnpim Prasit 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTGenotyping based on variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) is currently a very promising tool for studying the molecular epidemiology and phylogeny ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. Here we investigate the polymorphisms of 48 loci of direct or tandem repeats inM. tuberculosispreviously identified by our group. Thirty-nine loci, including nine novel ones, were polymorphic. Ten VNTR loci had high allelic diversity (Nei's diversity indices ≥ 0.6) and subsequently were used as the representative VNTR typing set for comparison to IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing. The 10-locus VNTR set, potentially providing >2 × 109allele combinations, obviously showed discriminating capacity over the IS6110RFLP method forM. tuberculosisisolates with fewer than six IS6110-hybridized bands, whereas it had a slightly better resolution than IS6110RFLP for the isolates having more than five IS6110-hybridized bands. Allelic diversity of many VNTR loci varied in each IS6110RFLP type. Genetic relationships inferred from the 10-VNTR set supported the notion thatM. tuberculosismay have evolved from two different lineages (high and low IS6110copy number). In addition, we found that the lengths of many VNTR loci had statistically significant relationships to each other. These relationships could cause a restriction of the VNTR typing discriminating capability to some extent. Our results suggest that VNTR-PCR typing is practically useful for application to molecular epidemiological and phylogenetic studies ofM. tuberculosis. The discriminating power of the VNTR typing system can still be enhanced by the supplementation of more VNTR loci.
SHV-Type Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production Is Associated with Reduced Cefepime Susceptibility in
Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Szabó Dóra , Bonomo Robert A. , Silveira Fernanda , Pasculle A. William , Baxter Carla , Linden Peter K. , Hujer Andrea M. , Hujer Kristine M. , Deeley Kathleen , Paterson David L. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Cefepime is a potentially useful antibiotic for treatment of infections with
Enterobacter cloacae
. However, in our institution the MIC
90
for
E. cloacae
bloodstream isolates is 16 μg/ml. PCR amplification of
bla
genes revealed that one-third (15/45) of
E. cloacae
bloodstream isolates produced SHV-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in addition to hyperproduction of AmpC-type beta-lactamases. The majority (11/15) of ESBL producers also produced the TEM-1 beta-lactamase. The SHV types included SHV-2, -5, -7, -12, -14, and -30. All but two of the ESBL-producing
E. cloacae
isolates, but none of the non-ESBL-producing strains, had MICs of cefepime of ≥2 μg/ml. The MIC
90
for cefepime for ESBL-producing strains was 64 μg/ml, while for non-ESBL producers it was 0.5 μg/ml. Using current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints for cefepime, two thirds (10/15) of ESBL-producing isolates would have been regarded as susceptible to cefepime. Phenotypic ESBL detection methods were generally unreliable with these
E. cloacae
isolates. Based on these results, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical reevaluation of cefepime breakpoints for
E. cloacae
may be prudent.
Contemporary Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Clones in Hong Kong
Authors: Ip Margaret , Yung R. W. H. , Ng T. K. , Luk W. K. , Tse Cindy , Hung Philip , Enright Mark , Lyon Donald J. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Two hundred nonduplicate methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) isolates causing bacteremia in patients in four major Hong Kong hospitals during the period 2000 to 2001 were characterized by antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI restriction enzymes, and determination of staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) types. Nine PFGE types, A to I, were obtained. PFGE type A constituted 50% (99/200) of all isolates and was present in isolates from all four hospitals. PFGE types A to E, had previously been identified as the major types at one of the hospitals from 1988 to 2000. The majority had a resistance profile to tetracycline (T), erythromycin (E), clindamycin (D), gentamicin (G), tobramycin (To), and ciprofloxacin (Ci), and belonged to SCC
mec
type III; and representatives belonged to clonal complex 239 (CC239) (MRSA with SCC
mec
type III and sequence type 239, designated ST239-MRSA-III). PFGE types F to I were new patterns that had not been previously identified in isolates from Hong Kong. PFGE type F constituted 18% (35/200) of MRSAs, had resistance profile TEGToCi, and belonged to CC5 (ST5-MRSA-II). PFGE type G included 13% (26/200) of MRSAs, had resistance profile TECi, and belonged to CC45 with SCC
mec
type I or II. PFGE type H had characteristics similar to those of CC239, while PFGE type I included three isolates, two of which expressed resistance to oxacillin and fusidic acid only. Two of these strains had SCC
mec
IVa and carried sequence type 389, with a multilocus sequence typing allelic profile of 3-35-19-2-20-26-39. Contemporary MRSAs causing bacteremia in Hong Kong hospitals belong to three clonal complexes (CC5, CC45, and CC239). The most prevalent MRSA clone in Hong Kong belongs to CC239, with PFGE types A to E and H, SCC
mec
type III, ST239, and a resistance profile of TEDGToCi.
Characterization of Isolates of
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Displaying High-Level Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Japan
Authors: Izumiya Hidemasa , Mori Kadumi , Kurazono Takayuki , Yamaguchi Masanori , Higashide Masato , Konishi Noriko , Kai Akemi , Morita Koji , Terajima Jun , Watanabe Haruo 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Strains of the multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium isolated in Japan were examined for high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. Since the first isolation in 2000 (described in reference 13), we have identified 12 human and 5 nonhuman isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone-resistance (ciprofloxacin MIC of 24 μg/ml or more). Most of these isolates shared some features including definitive phage type (DT12/193), resistance type (ACSSuTNCp; resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin), and genotype on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that were different from those of the MDR
S. enterica
Typhimurium DT104. Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of
gyrA
and
parC
were also conserved in almost all of the isolates despite the absence of any apparent epidemiological relationships among cases. This suggests that a specific clonal group of the serovar Typhimurium with high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance is disseminating among animals and humans in Japan.