bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenic activity of multiple myeloma endothelial cells in vivo in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay is associated to a down‐regulation in the expression of endogenous endostatin
Authors: Mangieri Domenica , Nico Beatrice , Benagiano Vincenzo , De Giorgis Michela , Vacca Angelo , Ribatti Domenico 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe have attempted a fine characterization of the angiogenic response induced by multiple myeloma endothelial cells (MMEC) by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Results showed that in the CAM assay MMEC induced an angiogenic response comparable to that of a well‐known angiogenic cytokine, namely fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), while RT‐PCR demonstrated that the expression of endostatin mRNA detected in MM treated CAM was significantly lower respect to control CAM. These data suggest that angiogenic switch in MM may involve loss of an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, such as endostatin.
Full‐mouth treatment concepts for chronic periodontitis: a systematic review
Authors: Eberhard Jörg , Jervøe‐Storm Pia‐Merete , Needleman Ian , Worthington Helen , Jepsen Søren 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: To systematically review the effectiveness of full‐mouth treatment concepts for chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods: A search was conducted for randomized, controlled clinical trials including full‐mouth scaling with (FMD) or without (FMS) the use of antiseptics and quadrant scaling (control). Data sources included COHG, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Reviewers independently conducted data abstraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was tooth loss; secondary outcomes were the reductions of PPD and BOP and a gain of CAL.Results: Of 216 identified abstracts, seven trials were included. Meta‐analysis revealed a weighted mean difference (WMD) for the reduction of PPD between FMD and control of 0.53 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.28, 0.77), p<0.0001] in moderately deep pockets of single‐rooted teeth. The WMD for gain in CAL was 0.33 mm [95% CI (0.04, 0.63), p=0.03] in moderately deep pockets of single‐ and multi‐rooted teeth. Comparing FMD and FMS, the WMD for the reduction of CAL amounted to 0.74 mm [95% CI (0.17, 1.31), p=0.01] in deep pockets of multi‐rooted teeth in favour of FMS. For BOP a WMD –18.0% [95% CI (−34.30, −1.70), p=0.03] was calculated in deep pockets of single‐rooted teeth in favour of FMD.Conclusions: In adults with chronic periodontitis only minor differences in treatment effects were observed between the treatment strategies.
Tooth loss and implant outcomes in patients refractory to treatment in a periodontal practice
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Linden Gerard James 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with continued significant tooth loss due to periodontal reasons during maintenance following periodontal therapy in a specialist periodontal practice in Norway.Material and Methods: A case–control design was used. Refractory cases were patients who lost multiple teeth during a maintenance period of 13.4 (range 8–19) years following definitive periodontal treatment in a specialist practice. Controls were age‐ and gender‐matched maintenance patients from the same practice. Characteristics and treatment outcomes were assessed, and all teeth classified as being lost due to periodontal disease during follow‐up were identified. The use of implants in refractory cases and any complications relating to such a treatment were recorded.Results: Only 27 (2.2%) patients who received periodontal treatment between 1986 and 1998 in a specialist practice met the criteria for inclusion in the refractory to treatment group. Each refractory subject lost 10.4 (range 4–16) teeth, which represented 50% of the teeth present at baseline. The rate of tooth loss in the refractory group was 0.78 teeth per year, which was 35 times greater than that in the control group. Multivariate analysis indicated that being in the refractory group was predicted by heavy smoking (p=0.026), being stressed (p=0.016) or having a family history of periodontitis (p=0.002). Implants were placed in 14 of the refractory patients and nine (64%) of these lost at least one implant. In total, 17 (25%) of the implants placed in the refractory group were lost during the study period.Conclusions: A small number of periodontal maintenance patients are refractive to treatment and go on to experience significant tooth loss. These subjects also have a high level of implant complications and failure. Heavy smoking, stress and a family history of periodontal disease were identified as factors associated with a refractory outcome.
G1 cell cycle regulators in congenital melanocytic nevi. Comparison with acquired nevi and melanomas
Authors: Stefanaki Christina , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Antoniou Christina , Argyrakos Theodoros , Stratigos Alexander , Patereli Amalia , Katsambas Andreas 
Published: May 2008

Background:  Congenital nevi are one of the known risk factors for the development of melanoma. However, the magnitude of the risk for both large and small congenital nevi is controversial.Methods:  In order to elucidate the behavior of congenital nevocytes and to define any possible similarities or differences with common nevi and melanomas, we investigated the expression of Ki‐67, Rb, p16, cyclin D1, p53 and p21/Waf‐1 in 41 congenital nevi, 16 melanomas and 20 acquired common nevi by immunohistochemistry.Results:  Congenital nevi highly expressed p16 (81.82 ± 9.98) but showed limited, if any, reactivity for Ki‐67 (1.34% ± 0.89), Rb (0.76% ± 0.94), cyclin D1 (0.21% ± 0.29), p53 (0.54% ± 0.93) and p21 (0.0609% ± 0.32). No statistically significant difference was found between giant and nongiant congenital nevi and between congenital and common nevi for any of the markers. The expression of p16 was significantly higher in congenital nevi than in melanomas (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, the expression of Ki‐67, p53, p21, Rb and cyclin D1 was significantly higher in melanomas (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Our data regarding the immunohistochemical expression of Rb, p16, p53, cyclin D1 and Ki‐67 in congenital nevi indicate that either the alteration of their expression is not an initiating event in melanoma formation or, alternatively, congenital melanocytic nevi may not be the first step in malignant transformation.
Immunological disturbance and infectious disease in anorexia nervosa: a review
Authors: Brown Rhonda F. , Bartrop Roger , Birmingham C. Laird 
Published: May 2008

Objective:Severely malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are reported to show fewer symptomatic viral infections and a poorer response to bacterial infection than controls. They are also reported to show mild immune system changes, although the relevance of these to altered infection disease presentation in AN and AN pathophysiology is unknown. Thus, in this paper, we suggest a range of immune system changes that might underpin these altered responses to common pathogens, and review a number of recent infectious disease findings for their utility in explaining the pathophysiology of AN.Methods:A systematic review of the literature pertaining to immunity and infectious disease in AN was performed.Results:AN is associated with leucopenia, and the increased spontaneous and stimulated levels of proinflammatory cytokines [i.e. interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α). A range of less consistent findings are also reviewed. Most of these data were not controlled for length of illness, degree of malnutrition, micronutrient or vitamin deficiencies or recent refeeding and starvation.Conclusion:Cytokine disturbances have been suggested to be causally related to AN symptomatology and pathophysiology of AN, although the evidence supporting this assertion is lacking. Immune and cytokine changes in AN do, however, occur in association with a decreased incidence of symptomatic viral infection, decreased clinical response to bacterial infection leading to delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity and mortality associated with the infections.
Lymphogranuloma venereum outbreak in Europe
Authors: Stary Georg , Stary Angelika 
Published: May 2008

SummaryLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a venereal disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis biovars L1 to L3. Unlike other anogenital C. trachomatis infections, LGV preferably affects lymphatic tissue after invasion through an epithelial surface.LGV has been considered an exotic tropical disease in Europe. This changed in 2003 as there was an outbreak of LGV in Rotterdam followed by additional reports from other European countries and North America. Most patients were HIV‐positive men who presented with proctitis. Most of these patients were infected by C. trachomatis L2b biovar, a variant that was first identified in patients from Amsterdam.This review will address the recent developments of the LGV outbreak in Europe and discuss epidemiology, clinical manifestations, new subtypes of LGV genotypes and appropriate diagnostic measures.
Cutaneous infection with Leishmania infantum in an infant treated successfully with miltefosine
Authors: Neub Angela , Krahl Dieter , Stich August , Amon Ulrich 
Published: May 2008

SummaryA two‐year‐old girl presented with a 20 month history of a facial nodule which had appeared after a vacation on Mallorca. Various topical treatments at other hospitals for the working diagnosis of mastocytoma failed to prevent a slow increase in size and the onset of systemic signs and symptoms. An indurated crusted nodule evolved. Histology, tissue PCR and serologic analysis proved the presence of Leishmania infantum. She was treated with oral miltefosine 10 mg p.o. t.i.d. for 28 days. Regression was apparent after 8 weeks and complete healing after 6 months.
HIV infection: Fear of contagion, reality of risk
Authors: HOLZEMER William L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurpose:  The purpose of this presentation at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Japan Academy of Nursing was to give an overview of the HIV pandemic from global, Asian, and Japanese perspectives and to address the issues related to potential occupational exposure to HIV infection. Selected topics in the areas of prevention, treatment, and care were also addressed.Discussion:  The session challenged the audience to understand that, while there is a risk of acquiring HIV infection through occupational exposure, the reality is that health‐care workers and others are much more likely to contract HIV through their own personal behaviour.
Harmonization of fibrinogen assay results: study within the framework of the Dutch project ‘Calibration 2000’
Authors: Van Den BESSELAAR A. M. H. P. , HAAS F. J. L. M. , Van Der GRAAF F. , KUYPERS A. W. H. M. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryIn a Dutch project for harmonization of fibrinogen assays, the commutability of potential calibrators for fibrinogen was assessed by means of a twin‐study design, which is, in essence, a multicentre, split‐patient sample, between‐field‐methods protocol. The study consisted of simultaneous analysis of fresh‐frozen patient plasmas and three potential calibrators for fibrinogen by 48 Dutch laboratories forming 24 couples. The state‐of‐the‐art intralaboratory standard deviation was used to assess the commutability of the potential calibrators. The potential calibrators were commutable for the Clauss, but not for the prothrombin time (PT)‐derived assays. One potential calibrator was used in an attempt to harmonize fibrinogen assay results in a Dutch field study. The interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) of three out of four test samples could be reduced significantly using the common calibrator. The average overall CV for the four test samples was 10.3% using the routine measurements and 7.8% using the common calibrator. Despite the reduction in the overall CV, the bias between Clauss and PT‐derived assay results in two coumarin test samples could not be eliminated.
Relative Contributions of Age and Atherosclerosis to Vascular Stiffness
Authors: Santelices Linda C. , Rutman Sarah J. , Prantil‐Baun Rachelle , Vorp David A. , Ahearn Joseph M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo determine the relative contributions of aging and atherosclerosis to vascular stiffness, we studied aortic stiffness, plaque, and elastin in 8‐, 16‐, 25‐, and 34‐week‐old male ApoE‐KO and C57BL/6J control mice (N = 48). Stiffness increased gradually in both strains up to 25 weeks (p < 0.05), and dramatically between 25 and 34 weeks in ApoE‐KO (p < 0.001). Aging ApoE‐KO demonstrated increased plaque (p = 0.02), medial thickening (p < 0.001), and severe elastin fragmentation (p < 0.001). We conclude that the contribution of aging to vascular stiffness is relatively minor compared with the influence of atherosclerosis. However, the effect of atherosclerosis on stiffness is significant only with advanced stages of plaque formation.
Nexus Between Epidermolysis Bullosa and Transcriptional Regulation by Thyroid Hormone in Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Stojadinovic Olivera , Lee Brian , Walsh Rebecca , Blumenberg Miroslav 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThyroid hormone, T3, through the interaction of its receptor with the recognition sequences in the DNA, regulates gene expression. This regulation includes the promoter activity of keratin genes. The receptor shares coregulators with other members of the nuclear receptor family, including RXR. Intending to define the transcriptional effects of thyroid hormones in keratinocytes, we used Affymetrix microarrays to comprehensively compare the genes expressed in T3‐treated and untreated human epidermal keratinocytes. The transcriptomes were compared at 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Surprisingly, T3 induced only 9 and suppressed 28 genes, much fewer than expected. Significantly, genes associated with epidermolysis bullosa, a set of inherited blistering skin diseases, were found statistically highly overrepresented among the suppressed genes. These genes include Integrin β4, Plectin, Collagen XVII, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP14. The data imply that in keratinocytes T3 could suppresses the remodeling by, attachment to, and production of extracellular matrix. The results suggest that topical treatment with T3 may be effective for alleviation of symptoms in patients with epidermolysis bullosa.
Immunostimulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Neurons: Implications for Stem Cell Therapy in Allogeneic Transplantations
Authors: Castillo Marianne D. , Trzaska Katarzyna A. , Greco Steven J. , Ponzio Nicholas M. , Rameshwar Pranela 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate along various lineages to specialized mesodermal cells and also transdifferentiate into cells such as ectodermal neurons. MSCs are among the leading adult stem cells for application in regenerative medicine. Advantages include their immune‐suppressive properties and reduced ethical concerns. MSCs also show immune‐enhancing functions. Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC‐II) is expected to be downregulated in MSCs during neurogenesis. Ideally, “off the shelf” MSCs would be suited for rapid delivery into patients. The question is whether these MSC‐derived neurons can reexpress MHC‐II in a milieu of inflammation. Western analyses demonstrated gradual decrease in MHC‐II during neurogenesis, which correlated with the expression of nuclear CIITA, the master regulator of MHC‐II expression. MHC‐II expression was reversed by exogenous IFNY. One‐way mixed lymphocyte reaction with partly differentiated neurons showed a stimulatory effect, which was partly explained by the release of the proinflammatory neurotransmitter substance P (SP), cytokines, and decreases in miR‐130a and miR‐206. The anti‐inflammatory neurotransmitters VIP and CGRP were decreased at the peak time of immune stimulation. In summary, MSC‐derived neurons show decreased MHC‐II expression, which could be reexpressed by IFNY. The release of neurotransmitters could be involved in initiating inflammation, underscoring the relevance of immune responses as consideration for stem cell therapies.
Hyaluronan (HA) Deposition Precedes and Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment in Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Kessler Sean , Rho Hyunjin , West Gail , Fiocchi Claudio , Drazba Judith , De La Motte Carol 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIncreased hyaluronan (HA) deposition is a common feature of inflamed tissues, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)‐involved intestines. However, whether HA accumulation promotes or is the result of intestinal inflammation is unknown. Using the mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced experimental model of colitis, we investigated changes in HA deposition in the colon over time in conjunction with evolving pathological changes of tissue architecture. Profound changes in colon HA deposition occurred within 3–7 days of oral DSS administration and, more important, they preceded the inflammatory infiltrate. Interestingly, HA deposition within blood vessels of the colon is observed as early as 3 days during the course of colitis induction, well before any significant inflammatory infiltrate. HA deposition is also observed in blood vessels of inflamed human colon of IBD patients. We determined that human intestinal endothelial cells generate HA in response to proinflammatory stimuli by demonstrating a TNF‐α‐induced increase in hyaluronan synthase‐3 mRNA expression and the accumulation of HA cable‐like structures that are adhesive for leukocytes. Additionally, IBD mucosal endothelial cells produce higher levels of cell surface HA in response to TNF‐α than non‐IBD control cells. Therefore, HA deposition is an early event in inflamed gut tissue, preceding and likely promoting leukocyte infiltration.
Risk indicators of caries experience among young adults
Authors: Roberts‐Thomson K , Stewart JF 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground:  Significant gains have been documented on the oral health of Australian children. However, the question remains as to whether improvements have extended to the oral health of young adults. This study aimed to determine the risk indicators associated with oral health status in young adults aged 20–25 years.Methods:  A random sample of young adults was selected from the South Australian electoral roll. Telephone interviews were conducted for 1261 young adults. These provided socio‐demographic, health behaviour and dental visiting data. Dental examinations were carried out on 644 subjects by three calibrated examiners in clinical settings.Results:  The mean number of tooth surfaces affected by dental caries (DMFS) was 6.05 with the presence of untreated cavitated decayed surfaces (DS) evident in 28.6 per cent. In regression models the risk indicators associated with DS were being on government benefits, unemployed, usually visiting for a problem rather than a check, visiting a public clinic, drinking 5+ acidic drinks per day and being a current smoker. Risk indicators for higher DMFS scores were usually visiting for a problem, visiting a public clinic, being on government benefits and having made a dental visit in the previous 2 years.Conclusions:  Socio‐demographic factors, dental visiting patterns and general health behaviours are risk indicators for caries in young adults.
Effect of ozone and Tooth MousseTM on the efficacy of peroxide bleaching
Authors: Manton DJ , Bhide R , Hopcraft MS , Reynolds EC 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of Tooth Mousse™ (TM) and ozone on the bleaching effectiveness of peroxide (P).Methods:  Sixty enamel specimens were stained by tea infusion. P (8% carbamide peroxide solution) and the P/TM (50:50) blend were prepared freshly as required. The specimens were divided randomly into six groups: Group A – ozone followed by P; Group B – ozone concurrently with P; Group C – P alone; Group D – ozone followed by P/TM; Group E – ozone concurrently with P/TM; and Group F – P/TM alone. Ozone exposure was of 40 seconds duration. Digital photographic images were recorded at baseline and endpoint under standardized lighting and desiccation conditions. CIELAB L*a*b* values were determined.Results:  The addition of TM to P or the application of ozone with P did not significantly affect bleaching effectiveness compared with P alone. The application of ozone prior to P significantly decreased bleaching effectiveness as indicated by the ΔL*, Δa*, ΔE and %L* values. The addition of TM to the P did enhance the aesthetic by increasing the lustre and translucency of the treated enamel.Conclusions:  The results of this study suggest that Tooth Mousse may be applied concurrently with the bleach, and not reduce bleaching effectiveness.
Comparative analysis of three commercial saliva testing kits with a standard saliva buffering test
Authors: Kitasako Y , Burrow MF , Stacey M , Huq L , Reynolds EC , Tagami J 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground:  In 1959, Ericsson developed a laboratory buffer capacity test. Because the Ericsson test is not practical for use as a chair‐side test, commercially available saliva buffering capacity tests have been developed for use in the dental office. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between a modified Ericsson test and three commercially available quantitative and colourimetric tests.Methods:  Stimulated saliva (by chewing paraffin wax) was collected from 113 patients. Individual saliva buffering capacity was assessed with the following four different methods: modified Ericsson test; quantitative test using a hand‐held pH meter; paper strip; or liquid colourimetric test. The correlations of ranking results among the different tests were analysed using the Spearman Rank Correlation Test, p < 0.001.Results:  Spearman Rank Correlation indicated significant positive coefficients between the modified Ericsson test and the quantitative test (ρ = 0.857), the paper strip colourimetric test (ρ = 0.621) and the liquid‐type colourimetric test (ρ = 0.689).Conclusion:  The detection level of medium and high buffering capacity was test dependent. The quantitative test using a hand‐held pH meter showed a stronger positive correlation with the modified Ericsson test. The qualitative tests seemed less reliable, particularly for patients classified as having a medium buffering capacity.