bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking genetic counseling communication skills to patient outcomes and experiences using a community-engagement and provider-engagement approach: research protocol for the GC-PRO mixed methods sequential explanatory study
Authors: Fisher Elena R , Cragun Deborah , Dedrick Robert F , Lumpkins Crystal Y , Ramírez Mariana , Kaphingst Kimberly A , Petersen Ashley , MacFarlane Ian M , Redlinger-Grosse Krista , Shire Abdirashid , Culhane-Pera Kathleen A , Zierhut Heather A 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn over 50 years since the genetic counseling (GC) profession began, a systematic study of GC communication skills and patient-reported outcomes in actual sessions across multiple clinical specialties has never been conducted. To optimize GC quality and improve efficiency of care, the field must first be able to comprehensively measure GC skills and determine which skills are most critical to achieving positive patient experiences and outcomes. This study aims to characterise GC communication skills using a novel and pragmatic measure and link variations in communication skills to patient-reported outcomes, across clinical specialties and with patients from diverse backgrounds in the USA. Our community-engagement and provider-engagement approach is crucial to develop recommendations for quality, culturally informed GC care, which are greatly needed to improve GC practice.Methods and analysisA mixed methods, sequential explanatory design will be used to collect and analyze: audio-recorded GC sessions in cancer, cardiac, and prenatal/reproductive genetic indications; pre-visit and post-visit quantitative surveys capturing patient experiences and outcomes and post-visit qualitative interview data. A novel, practical checklist will measure GC communication skills. Coincidence analysis will identify patterns of GC skills that are consistent with high scores on patient-reported measures. Two-level, multilevel models will be used to evaluate how GC communication skills and other session/patient characteristics predict patient-reported outcomes. Four community advisory boards (CABs) and a genetic counselor advisory board will inform the study design and analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the single Institutional Review Board of the University of Minnesota. This research poses no greater than minimal risk to participants. Results from this study will be shared through national and international conferences and through community-based dissemination as guided by the study’s CABs. A lay summary will also be disseminated to all participants.
General practitioners’ risk literacy and real-world prescribing of potentially hazardous drugs: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wegwarth Odette , Hoffmann Tammy C , Goldacre Ben , Spies Claudia , Giese Helge A 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOveruse of medical care is a pervasive problem. Studies using hypothetical scenarios suggest that physicians’ risk literacy influences medical decisions; real-world correlations, however, are lacking. We sought to determine the association between physicians’ risk literacy and their real-world prescriptions of potentially hazardous drugs, accounting for conflicts of interest and perceptions of benefit–harm ratios in low-value prescribing scenarios.Setting and sampleCross-sectional study—conducted online between June and October 2023 via field panels of Sermo (Hamburg, Germany)—with a convenience sample of 304 English general practitioners (GPs).MethodsGPs’ survey responses on their treatment-related risk literacy, conflicts of interest and perceptions of the benefit–harm ratio in low-value prescribing scenarios were matched to their UK National Health Service records of prescribing volumes for antibiotics, opioids, gabapentin and benzodiazepines and analysed for differences.Results204 GPs (67.1%) worked in practices with ≥6 practising GPs and 226 (76.0%) reported 10–39 years of experience. Compared with GPs demonstrating low risk literacy, GPs with high literacy prescribed fewer opioids (mean (M): 60.60 vs 43.88 prescribed volumes/1000 patients/6 months, p=0.016), less gabapentin (M: 23.84 vs 18.34 prescribed volumes/1000 patients/6 months, p=0.023), and fewer benzodiazepines (M: 17.23 vs 13.58 prescribed volumes/1000 patients/6 months, p=0.037), but comparable volumes of antibiotics (M: 48.84 vs 40.61 prescribed volumes/1000 patients/6 months, p=0.076). High-risk literacy was associated with lower conflicts of interest (ϕ = 0.12, p=0.031) and higher perception of harms outweighing benefits in low-value prescribing scenarios (p=0.007). Conflicts of interest and benefit–harm perceptions were not independently associated with prescribing behaviour (all ps >0.05).Conclusions and relevanceThe observed association between GPs with higher risk literacy and the prescription of fewer hazardous drugs suggests the importance of risk literacy in enhancing patient safety and quality of care.
Hospice and palliative care utilization in 16 004 232 medicare claims: comparing trauma to surgical and medical inpatients
Authors: Fakhry Samir M , Carrick Matthew M , Hoffman Melissa Red , Shen Yan , Garland Jeneva M , Wyse Ransom J , Watts Dorraine D 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundHospice and palliative care (PC) utilization is increasing in geriatric inpatients, but limited research exists comparing rates among trauma, surgical and medical specialties. The goal of this study was to determine whether there are differences among these three groups in rates of hospice and PC utilization.MethodsPatients from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Inpatient Standard Analytical Files for 2016–2020 aged ≥65 years were analyzed. Patients with a National Trauma Data Standard-qualifying ICD-10 injury code with abbreviated injury score ≥2 were classified as ‘trauma’; the rest as ‘surgical’ or ‘medical’ using CMS MS-DRG definitions. Patients were classified as having PC if they had an ICD-10 diagnosis code for PC (Z51.5) and as hospice discharge (HD) if their hospital disposition was ‘hospice’ (home or inpatient). Use proportions for specialties were compared by group and by subgroups with increasing risk of poor outcome.ResultsThere were 16M hospitalizations from 1024 hospitals (9.3% trauma, 26.3% surgical and 64.4% medical) with 53.7% women, 84.5% white and 38.7% >80 years. Overall, 6.2% received PC and 4.1% a HD. Both rates were higher in trauma patients (HD: 3.6%, PC: 6.3%) versus surgical patients (HD: 1.5%, PC: 3.0%), but lower than in medical patients (HD: 5.2%, PC: 7.5%). PC rates increased in higher risk patient subgroups and were highest for inpatient HD.ConclusionsIn this large study of Medicare patients, HD and PC rates varied significantly among specialties. Trauma patients had higher HD and PC utilization rates than surgical, but lower than medical. The presence of comorbidities, frailty and/or severe traumatic brain injury (in addition to advanced age) may be valuable criteria in selection of trauma patients for hospice and PC services. Further studies are needed to inform the most efficient use of hospice and PC resources, with particular focus on both timing and selection of subgroups most likely to benefit from these valuable yet limited resources.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic/care management.
Alpha-like correlations in "Equation missing" Ne, comparison of quartetting wave function and THSR approaches
Authors: Röpke G. , Xu C. , Zhou B. , Ren Z. Z. , Funaki Y. , Horiuchi H. , Lyu M. , Tohsaki A. , Yamada T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract$$^{20}$$

20

Ne can be considered as a double-magic $$^{16}$$

16

O core nucleus surrounded by four nucleons, the constituents of an $$\alpha $$
α
-like quartet. Similar to other nuclei ($$^{212}$$

212

Po, $$^{104}$$

104

Ti, etc.) with a quartet on top of a double-magic core nucleus, significant $$\alpha $$
α
-like correlations are expected. Correlations in the ground state of $$^{20}$$

20

Ne are investigated using different approaches. The quartetting wave function approach (QWFA) predicts a large $$\alpha $$
α
-like cluster contribution near the surface of the nuclei. The Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Röpke (THSR) approach describes $$\alpha $$
α
-like clustering in nuclear systems. The results of the QWFA in the Thomas-Fermi and shell-model approximation are compared with THSR calculations for the container model. Results for the $$\alpha $$
α
formation probability and the rms radii are shown.
Field redefinition invariant Lagrange multiplier formalism with gauge symmetries
Authors: McKeon D. G. C. , Brandt F. T. , Martins-Filho S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt has been shown that by using a Lagrange multiplier field to ensure that the classical equations of motion are satisfied, radiative effects beyond one-loop order are eliminated. It has also been shown that through the contribution of some additional ghost fields, the effective action becomes form invariant under a redefinition of field variables, and furthermore, the usual one-loop results coincide with the quantum corrections obtained from this effective action. In this paper, we consider the consequences of a gauge invariance being present in the classical action. The resulting gauge transformations for the Lagrange multiplier field as well as for the additional ghost fields are found. These gauge transformations result in a set of Faddeev–Popov ghost fields arising in the effective action. If the gauge algebra is closed, we find the Becci–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) transformations that leave the effective action invariant.
Facts and Hopes on Cancer Immunotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zugazagoitia Jon , Osma Handerson , Baena Javier , Ucero Alvaro C. , Paz-Ares Luis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy plus PD1 axis blockade is the standard of care in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Despite the robust and consistent increase in long-term survival with PD1 axis inhibition, the magnitude of the benefit from immunotherapy seems lower than that for other solid tumors. Several immune evasive mechanisms have been shown to be prominently altered in human SCLC, including T-cell exclusion, downregulation of components of the MHC class I antigen processing and presentation machinery, or upregulation of macrophage inhibitory checkpoints, among others. New immunotherapies aiming to target some of these dominant immune suppressive features are being intensively evaluated preclinically and clinically in SCLC. They include strategies to enhance the efficacy and/or reverse features that promote intrinsic resistance to PD1 axis inhibition (e.g., restoring MHC class I deficiency and targeting DNA damage response) and novel immunomodulatory agents beyond T-cell checkpoint blockers (e.g., T cell–redirecting strategies, antibody–drug conjugates, or macrophage checkpoint blockers). Among them, delta-like ligand 3–targeted bispecific T-cell engagers have shown the most compelling preliminary evidence of clinical efficacy and hold promise as therapies that might contribute to further improve patient outcomes in this disease. In this study, we first provide a brief overview of key tumor microenvironment features of human SCLC. Then, we update the current clinical evidence with immune checkpoint blockade and review other emerging immunotherapy strategies that are gaining increasing attention in SCLC. We finally summarize our future perspective on immunotherapy and precision oncology for this disease.
Monitoring Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Tumor Content in Circulating Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Lian Shifeng , Lu Chenyu , Li Fugui , Yu Xia , Ai Limei , Wu Biaohua , Gong Xueyi , Zhou Wenjing , Liang Xuejun , Zhan Jiyun , Yuan Yong , Fang Fang , Liu Zhiwei , Ji Mingfang , Zheng Zongli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of tumor content in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) for monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) throughout its natural history.

Experimental Design:
We included 67 patients with hepatitis B virus–related HCC, of whom 17 had paired pre- and posttreatment samples, and 90 controls. Additionally, in a prospective cohort with hepatitis B virus surface antigen–positive participants recruited in 2012 and followed up biannually with blood sample collections until 2019, we included 270 repeated samples before diagnosis from 63 participants who later developed HCC (pre-HCC samples). Shallow whole-genome sequencing and the ichorCNA method were used to analyze genome-wide copy number and tumor content in ccfDNA.

Results:
High tumor content was associated with advanced tumor stage (P &lt; 0.001) and poor survival after HCC diagnosis [HR = 12.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.413–107.9; P = 0.023]. Tumor content turned negative after surgery (P = 0.027), whereas it remained positive after transarterial chemoembolization treatment (P = 0.578). In non-HCC samples, the mean tumor content (±SD) was 0.011 (±0.007) and had a specificity of 97.8% (95% CI = 92.2%–99.7%). In pre-HCC samples, the tumor content increased from 0.014 at 4 years before diagnosis to 0.026 at 1 year before diagnosis. The sensitivity of tumor content in detecting HCC increased from 22.7% (95% CI = 11.5%–37.8%) within 1 year before diagnosis to 30.4% (95% CI = 13.2%–52.9%) at the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0/A, 81.8% (95% CI = 59.7%–94.8%) at stage B, and 95.5% (95% CI = 77.2%–99.9%) at stage C.

Conclusions:
The tumor content in ccfDNA is correlated with tumor burden and may help in monitoring HCC 1 yearearlier than clinical diagnosis and in predicting patient prognosis.
A criação de um sistema de coleta de informações de jornais
Authors: Kühl Júlio Cesar Assis , Lorenzetti Silvana , Fanganiello Vera Lígia 
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
O Projeto Leviathan desenvolveu em uma primeira etapa, uma técnica de coleta de informações históricas aplicada aos Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro; a partir de margo de 1975 vem atuando em atividades paralelas no setor do jornalismo, tendo como objetivo básico o estudo dos aspectos importantes de um jornal — visto como uma unidade de informacöes a serem cadastradas e conservadas em um banco de dados.
O Juízo Divino na História: a História de Israel em Ez. 20, 1-44.
Authors: Mota Jorge Cesar 
Published: April 2024

Resenha do livro:
GARMUS, O. F. M. (Frei Ludovico). — O Juízo Divino na História. A História de Israel em Ez. 20, 1-44. Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, 1975, 108 págs.
Uma história entre duas erudições: reflexões sobre a metodologia histórica atual, em França
Authors: Passos Maria Lúcia Perrone de Faro 
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Foi este o tema da conferência ( *) realizada pelo Professor Jean Glénisson, no dia 28 de maio de 1976, a convite do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. O Professor Glénisson dirige o Jnstitut de Recherche et Histoire des Textes, em Paris, e é Diretor de Estudos da École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (antiga 611 Secção da École Pratique des Hautes Etudes). De passagem por São Paulo, tivemos a satisfação de ouvi-lo, após vários anos: Professor da Faculdade de Filosofia, em 1958 e 1959, é esta a segunda vez que volta ao Brasil.
Microbiome and mitogenomics of the chigger mite Pentidionis agamae: potential role as an Orientia vector and associations with divergent clades of Wolbachia and Borrelia
Authors: Alkathiry Hadil A. , Alghamdi Samia Q. , Sinha Amit , Margos Gabriele , Stekolnikov Alexandr A. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Darby Alistair C. , Makepeace Benjamin L. , Khoo Jing Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Trombiculid mites are globally distributed, highly diverse arachnids that largely lack molecular resources such as whole mitogenomes for the elucidation of taxonomic relationships. Trombiculid larvae (chiggers) parasitise vertebrates and can transmit bacteria (Orientia spp.) responsible for scrub typhus, a zoonotic febrile illness. Orientia tsutsugamushi causes most cases of scrub typhus and is endemic to the Asia-Pacific Region, where it is transmitted by Leptotrombidium spp. chiggers. However, in Dubai, Candidatus Orientia chuto was isolated from a case of scrub typhus and is also known to circulate among rodents in Saudi Arabia and Kenya, although its vectors remain poorly defined. In addition to Orientia, chiggers are often infected with other potential pathogens or arthropod-specific endosymbionts, but their significance for trombiculid biology and public health is unclear.

Results
Ten chigger species were collected from rodents in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Chiggers were pooled according to species and screened for Orientia DNA by PCR. Two species (Microtrombicula muhaylensis and Pentidionis agamae) produced positive results for the htrA gene, although Ca. Orientia chuto DNA was confirmed by Sanger sequencing only in P. agamae. Metagenomic sequencing of three pools of P. agamae provided evidence for two other bacterial associates: a spirochaete and a Wolbachia symbiont. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and multi-locus sequence typing genes placed the spirochaete in a clade of micromammal-associated Borrelia spp. that are widely-distributed globally with no known vector. For the Wolbachia symbiont, a genome assembly was obtained that allowed phylogenetic localisation in a novel, divergent clade. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcodes for Saudi Arabian chiggers enabled comparisons with global chigger diversity, revealing several cases of discordance with classical taxonomy. Complete mitogenome assemblies were obtained for the three P. agamae pools and almost 50 SNPs were identified, despite a common geographic origin.

Conclusions
P. agamae was identified as a potential vector of Ca. Orientia chuto on the Arabian Peninsula. The detection of an unusual Borrelia sp. and a divergent Wolbachia symbiont in P. agamae indicated links with chigger microbiomes in other parts of the world, while COI barcoding and mitogenomic analyses greatly extended our understanding of inter- and intraspecific relationships in trombiculid mites.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of Pulsatilla species reveals evolutionary and taxonomic status of newly discovered endangered species Pulsatilla saxatilis
Authors: Xue Hefei , Xing Yanping , Bian Che , Hou Wenjuan , Men Wenxiao , Zheng Han , Yang Yanyun , Ying Xixiang , Kang Tingguo , Xu Liang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulsatilla saxatilis, a new species of the genus Pulsatilla has been discovered. The morphological information of this species has been well described, but its chloroplast genome characteristics and comparison with species of the same genus remain to be reported.

Results
Our results showed that the total length of chloroplast (cp.) genome of P. saxatilis is 162,659 bp, with a GC content of 37.5%. The cp. genome contains 134 genes, including 90 known protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. P. saxatilis demonstrated similar characteristics to other species of genus Pulsatilla. Herein, we compared cp. genomes of 10 species, including P. saxatilis, and found that the cp. genomes of the genus Pulsatilla are extremely similar, with a length of 162,322–163,851 bp. Furthermore, The SSRs of Pulsatilla ranged from 10 to 22 bp in length. Among the four structural regions of the cp. genome, most long repeats and SSRs were detected in the LSC region, followed by that in the SSC region, and least in IRA/ IRB regions. The most common types of long repeats were forward and palindromic repeats, followed by reverse repeats, and only a few complementary repeats were found in 10 cp. genomes. We also analyzed nucleotide diversity and identified ccsA_ndhD, rps16_trnK-UUU, ccsA, and rbcL, which could be used as potential molecular markers for identification of Pulsatilla species. The results of the phylogenetic tree constructed by connecting the sequences of high variation regions were consistent with those of the cp. gene phylogenetic tree, and the species more closely related to P. saxatilis was identified as the P. campanella.

Conclusion
It was determined that the closest species to P. saxatilis is P. campanella, which is the same as the conclusion based on pollen grain characteristics, but different from the P. chinensis determined based on morphological characteristics. By revealing information on the chloroplast characteristics, development, and evolution of the cp. genome and the potential molecular markers, this study provides effective molecular data regarding the evolution, genetic diversity, and species identification of the genus Pulsatilla.
The sequential microbial breakdown of pectin is the principal incident during water retting of jute (Corchorus spp.) bast fibres
Authors: Datta Subhojit , Chattopadhyay Lipi , Barai Shrestha , Mandal Kunal , Kar Gouranga , Majumdar Bijan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe extraction of bast fibres such as jute from plant stems involves the removal of pectin, hemicellulose, and other noncellulosic materials through a complex microbial community. A consortium of pectinolytic bacterial strains has been developed and commercialized to reduce the retting time and enhance fibre quality. However, there are currently no studies on jute that describe the structural changes and sequential microbial colonization and pectin loss that occur during microbe-assisted water retting. This study investigated the stages of microbial colonization, microbial interactions, and sequential degradation of pectic substances from jute bark under controlled and conventional water retting. The primary occurrence during water retting of bast fibres is the bacterially induced sequential breakdown of pectin surrounding the fibre bundles. The study also revealed that the pectin content of the jute stem significantly decreases during the retting process. These findings provide a strong foundation for improving microbial strains for improved pectinolysis with immense industrial significance, leading to a sustainable jute-based “green” economy.