bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The investigation of the molecular changes duringlipopolysaccharide‐induced systemic inflammation on rat hippocampus by usingFTIRspectroscopy
Authors: Cakmak‐Arslan Gulgun , Kaya Yildiray , Mamuk Soner , Akarsu Eyup Sabri , Severcan Feride 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to reveal the molecular changes accompanying the neuronal hyper‐excitability during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced systemic inflammation on rat hippocampus using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. For this aim, the body temperature of Wistar albino rats administered LPS or saline was recorded by radiotelemetry. The animals were decapitated when their body temperature began to decrease by 0.5°C after LPS treatment and the hippocampi of them were examined by FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicated that systemic inflammation caused lipid peroxidation, an increase in the amounts of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, a decrease in membrane order, an increase in membrane dynamics and changes in the secondary structure of proteins. Principal component analysis successfully separated control and LPS‐treated groups. In conclusion, significant structural, compositional and functional alterations occur in the hippocampus during systemic inflammation and these changes may have specific characteristics which can lead to neuronal hyper‐excitability.
Effective vaccination strategies for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer based on the mathematical model with a stochastic process
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Kim Eunjung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a significant risk to women's health by causing cervical cancer. In addition to HPV, cervical cancer incidence rates can be influenced by various factors, including human immunodeficiency virus and herpes, as well as screening policy. In this study, a mathematical model with stochastic processes was developed to analyze HPV transmission between genders and its subsequent impact on cervical cancer incidence. The model simulations suggest that both‐gender vaccination is far more effective than female‐only vaccination in preventing an increase in cervical cancer incidence. With increasing stochasticity, the difference between the number of patients in the vaccinated group and the number in the nonvaccinated group diminishes. To distinguish the patient population distribution of the vaccinated from the nonvaccinated, we calculated effect size (Cohen's distance) in addition to Student's t‐test. The model analysis suggests a threshold vaccination rate for both genders for a clear reduction of cancer incidence when significant stochastic factors are present.
The Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia shows slight interobserver and substantial intraobserver reliability
Authors: Martinez‐Cano Juan Pablo , Tuca Maria , Gallego Alejandro , Rodas‐Cortes Yorlany , Post William R. , Hinckel Betina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTrochlear dysplasia is one of the main risk factors for recurrent patellar dislocation. The Dejour classification identifies four categories that can be used to classify trochlear dysplasia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of the Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia. The hypothesis was that both intra‐ and interobserver reliability would be at least moderate.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, reliability study. Twenty‐eight examiners from the International Patellofemoral Study Group 2022 meeting evaluated lateral radiographs of the knee and axial magnetic resonance images from 15 cases of patellofemoral instability with trochlear dysplasia. They classified each case according to Dejour's classification for trochlear dysplasia (A–D). There were three rounds: one with only computed radiograph (CR), one with only magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and one with both. Inter‐ and intraobserver reliability were calculated using κ coefficient (0–1).ResultsThe mean age of patients was: 14.6 years; 60% were female and 53% had open physis. The interobserver reliability κ probabilities were 0.2 (CR), 0.13 (MRI) and 0.12 (CR and MRI). The intraobserver reliability κ probabilities were 0.45 (CR), 0.44 (MRI) and 0.65 (CR and MRI).ConclusionThe Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia has slight interobserver reliability and substantial intraobserver reliability.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Was starke Magnetfelder Biopolymeren entlocken
Authors: Hagn Franz , Reif Bernd , Sattler Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMit NMR‐Spektroskopie untersuchen Forschende die Struktur und Dynamik von Biopolymeren in atomarer Auflösung. Für empfindliche und hochaufgelöste Messungen sind Spektrometer mit starken Magnetfeldern nötig, aus welchen sich Resonanzfrequenzen bis 1,2 GHz ergeben. So wird beispielsweise entschlüsselt, wie Nukleinsäuren und Proteine interagieren und dabei ihre Konformation ändern.
Urban wild meat and pangolin consumption across southern forested Cameroon: The limited influence of COVID‐19
Authors: Simo Franklin T. , Difouo Ghislain F. , Tchana Christian N. , Wandji Alain Christel , Djomnang‐Nkwala Alfiery Laurel , Mbadjoun Nziké Marcelle , Kekeunou Sévilor , Swiacká Markéta , Ingram Daniel J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Overexploitation of wildlife is pervasive in many tropical regions, and in addition to being a significant conservation and sustainability concern, it has received global attention given discussions over the origins of zoonotic disease outbreaks. Where unsustainable, consumption of wild meat by urban residents has been identified as a major socio‐environmental challenge, given it is a significant driver of wildlife declines. Yet, information on urban wild meat consumers and possible ways to target conservation interventions remains lacking.

Using one of the largest datasets of urban wild meat consumers (1391) collected through structured questionnaires in 20 towns and cities, we model the demographic, psychographic and spatial factors associated with wild meat consumption patterns in southern Cameroon.

We find that nearly half of the sampled consumers ate wild meat once per week or more, and find that the probability of being a frequent consumer was greater among men, those living in smaller towns, and those who do not consider there to be a link between eating wild meat and disease. Threatened pangolin species are highly preferred among urban consumers, and most consumers did not consider there to be a link between COVID‐19 and pangolins.

Most respondents had eaten wild meat since the beginning of COVID‐19 and had not reduced their wild meat consumption due to COVID‐19. For the first time, we show that consumers with beliefs against a link between wild meat consumption and disease and those with greater income were less likely to have decreased their wild meat consumption.

We identified stakeholders including teachers and religious/community leaders as potentially appropriate messengers for demand‐reduction campaigns, with television and radio being the most trusted communication channels among wild meat consumers.

Crucially, our study advances current scientific understanding of the factors that influence wild meat consumption frequency and change due to COVID‐19 by urban consumers (particularly health beliefs and settlement size). We discuss how our results could be used to inform the design of wild meat demand‐reduction interventions to bring the consumption of wild meat towards sustainability in Cameroon, and our approach applied pan‐tropically.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Development of hybrid green composites by dual natural fibers (jute/bamboo) reinforcement and investigation of their mechanical behavior
Authors: Abraha Guangul Haftamu , Prabhakar M. N. , Lee Dong Woo , Song Jung‐il 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of natural fiber hybrid composites, specifically those based on jute and bamboo fibers. Jute fibers made in the form of highly scattered mesh and fine‐meshed bamboo mat were selected as reinforcing materials. The highly scattered meshed jute fabric composite showed poor mechanical properties owing to resin agglomeration, leading to the brittle fracture of the composite before elongation. In contrast, the randomly oriented fine‐meshed bamboo fabric performed better in terms of both mechanical properties and strain energy absorption under the same loading conditions. Hybridization with fine bamboo mesh fibers can be a solution to improve the mechanical properties of jute fabric composites. The tensile, flexural, and in‐plane shear properties of the composites are investigated in our study. We found that hybridizing a fine‐meshed bamboo mat with jute fabric resulted in an improved mechanical performance of the composite. Composite panels have been manufactured using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Experimental and numerical methods have been used to investigate the flexural behavior. Of the stacking sequences considered, the (J/B4/J) stacking showed the highest flexural strength (141.1 Mpa) and the (B2/J2/B2) 2/2 stacking sequence showed the minimum flexural strength. The alternating stacking sequence (B/J/B/J/B/J) exhibited intermediate properties. The randomly oriented bamboo fabric near the neutral axis enhanced the properties of the hybridized composite. This was verified numerically using the ANSYS ACP software.Highlights
Mechanical behavior of Hybrid composite of two natural fibers was investigated.
Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding was used to manufacture composite panels.
Tensile, in plane shear, 3 point flexural tests and SEM micro analysis were done.
FEA was used to validate and compare the experimental and numerical results.
Resin agglomeration was improved by fibers with better resin impregnation property.
Preparation of thermal expandable epoxy resin and properties of foam sandwich composites formed by thermal expansion molding process
Authors: Qin Yinle , Mei Zhonghao , Kang Dongxu , Peng Ziyao , Geng Ziqian , Min Wei , Yu Muhuo , Sun Zeyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermal expansion molding process (TEMP) is a sophisticated molding technique for creating complex sandwich composites. The core key of TEMP is a high‐performance, thermally expandable resin film. In this study, the epoxy resin is used to create a specific crosslinking network that can provide the support force required for the stable molding of the vesicles during the expansion process of the foaming agent. The curing process of the resin was determined by analyzing the change in the exothermic amount of the epoxy resin during the curing process and the flow behavior of the resin. The pore size distribution of the epoxy foam was investigated, and the expansion force of the thermally expandable resin was tested. The TEMP molding process was compared with the vacuum bag press molding (VBPM) process. The TEMP molding technique increased tensile and compressive strength by about 25%, flexural strength by 34.5%, and shear strength by 54.5%. Finally, the section on microanalysis of the comparative materials and the short beam bending experiments of the sandwich structure provides a theoretical foundation for developing complicated sandwich structures.Highlights
Preparation of thermally expandable epoxy prepregs with stabilized foaming by means of pre‐curing.
The effects of curing temperature, foaming agent content and expansion multiplicity on the thermal expansion force of epoxy prepreg adhesives were investigated.
Thermally expandable epoxy prepreg molding composites with different expansion multiplicities and analysis of the mechanical properties of the composites.
Preparation of foam core sandwich composites by thermal expansion in‐mold monolithic molding process and their verification by bending experiments.
Fetus with multiple congenital anomaly syndrome caused by novel variant in ATP1A2
Authors: Burrill Natalie , Khalek Nahla , Cristancho Ana G. , Coleman Beverly , Murrell Jill , Moldenhauer Julie S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report a 32‐year‐old G3P1 at 35 weeks 3 days with a dichorionic, diamniotic twin gestation who presented for evaluation secondary to ventriculomegaly (VM) in one twin. Fetal ultrasound and MRI demonstrated microcephaly, severe VM, compression of the corpus callosum, scalp and nuchal thickening, elongated ears, bilateral talipes, right‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and loss of normal cerebral architecture, indicative of a prior insult in the affected twin. The co‐twin was grossly normal. The family pursued a palliative care pathway for the affected twin and was delivered at 37 weeks and 6 days. The affected twin passed away within the first hour of life due to respiratory compromise. Postmortem trio exome sequencing identified a homozygous likely pathogenic variant in ATP1A2 (c.2439+1G>A). Although this variant is novel, it is predicted to affect the donor split site in intron 17, resulting in a frameshift and complete loss‐of‐function of the gene. Biallelic loss of function variants in this gene have been reported in seven individuals with multiple anomalies similar to those in the affected twin. However, only one other individual with a possible CDH has been previously reported. Our case suggests that CDH be included in the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder and reports the first frameshift mutation causing this autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome.
Optimizing integrated nutrient management for sustainable maize–sesame cropping in Gujarat Plains: A soil health perspective
Authors: Chauhan Zalak Y. , Shah Sanjay N. , Patel K. C. , Shroff Jagruti C. , Patel Hiren K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe degradation of soil quality in intensive cropping systems demands urgent attention to preserve soil health and sustain crop productivity. A 2‐year field experiment conducted in the loamy sand soil of Gujarat's Plains and Hills explored integrated nutrient management (INM) effects on nutrient dynamics, soil attributes, and microbial populations in maize (Zea mays L.)–sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cropping. Using a randomized block design with three replications and 12 treatments, notable enhancements in soil physical conditions were observed following the integrated application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers. Specifically, the application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 25% recommended dose of nutrient (RDN) through vermicompost, added with an NPK consortium via soil application, significantly increased N, P, and K uptake in the maize crop as compared with other treatments. The application of 75% RDF and 25% RDN through farmyard manure, added with an NPK consortium via soil application, led to a substantial increase of organic carbon levels and nitrogen availability in the soil post‐maize and sesame harvests, as well as with a marked increase in soil microbial populations. Correlation analysis representing the degree of association among all the traits underscores the potential of INM strategies to mitigate soil quality degradation and enhance nutrient cycling within maize–sesame cropping systems, thereby promoting agricultural sustainability in this specific agro‐climatic region.
Experimental study on the use of the ARM Cortex M7 processor for measuring far-field blast waves
Authors: du Plessis M. , Mahomed N. , Heise R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ongoing study of blast waves and blast wave mitigation continues to play an essential role in protecting structures and personnel. The methodology, however, for capturing far-field blast waves in large-scale tests has remained largely unchanged for three decades, relying on large arrays of pressure transducers connected by hundreds of meters of cabling and requiring a considerable amount of time to set up. This paper evaluates the use of a modern low-cost microprocessor with high computational power to capture blast waves with sufficient fidelity to provide scientists and engineers with credible data. The system utilizes an ARM Cortex M7 processor as an experimental data acquisition (DAQ) system for measuring far-field blast waves in an open-air blast arena at sampling speeds of up to 1.8 Msps (megasamples per second). The experimental system’s performance was evaluated by comparing it to a traditional commercial system used for measuring blast waves. The comparison showed an average Spearman correlation coefficient r of 0.928 between the two systems, suggesting a low variance between the commercial and experimental DAQ systems. This suggests that, despite its simplicity, the experimental system is an effective and low-cost alternative for accurately measuring blast waves.
Tracially amenable actions and purely infinite crossed products
Authors: Gardella Eusebio , Geffen Shirly , Kranz Julian , Naryshkin Petr , Vaccaro Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe introduce the notion of tracial amenability for actions of discrete groups on unital, tracial C$$^*$$

∗

-algebras, as a weakening of amenability where all the relevant approximations are done in the uniform trace norm. We characterize tracial amenability with various equivalent conditions, including topological amenability of the induced action on the trace space. Our main result concerns the structure of crossed products: for groups containing the free group $$F_2$$

F
2

, we show that outer, tracially amenable actions on simple, unital, $$\mathcal {Z}$$
Z
-stable C$$^*$$

∗

-algebras always have purely infinite crossed products. Finally, we give concrete examples of tracially amenable actions of free groups on simple, unital AF-algebras.
Training of young medical professionals: implementation of modern training concepts, taking into account the changed framework conditions for training—a pilot project for operational subjects
Authors: Findeklee S. , Hamoud B. Haj , Diedrich K. , Sima R. M. , Solomayer E.-F. , Spüntrup C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
For years, generations of medical students have complained that practice-oriented learning is neglected in medical studies. Further training assistants also complain about limited opportunities to learn subject-specific practical activities.

Material and techniques
We are presenting a pilot project at the University Women’s Hospital in Homburg, in which medical students complete an endoscopic hands-on course as part of the block internship gynaecology and obstetrics. During the course the students perform classic skills training and hand–eye coordination exercises and learn the first steps in endoscopic suturing (suture and rows of knots). The training concepts used can be implemented on simple boxing trainers and can therefore also be reproduced in clinics or in a private setting.

Outcome
Altogether, 73 medical students did participate in the laparoscopy course. We were able to prove that the knotting time for a simple knot can be reduced from an average of 247 s to 40 s (80%) after completing our training programme. Based on the evaluation sheet that the students filled out after the course, we found a very-high acceptance for surgical simulation training within the student cohort.

Discussion
Practical surgical exercises can complement the curriculum well and, as we can show with our work, are rated very positively by the students. For students in higher semesters, such practical courses can also provide an insight into the respective subject area and thus counteract the lack of skilled workers in surgical subjects. The practical year should not be the first contact with these practical courses, as at this timepoint a certain favoured subject has often already being chosen by the students.
Does the time interval from neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy to surgery affect outcomes for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
Authors: Liu Jiacong , Zhu Linhai , Huang Xuhua , Lu Zhongjie , Wang Yanye , Yang Yuhong , Ye Jiayue , Gu Chen , Lv Wang , Zhang Chong , Hu Jian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
There is currently no consensus on the optimal interval time between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery, and whether prolonged time interval from neoadjuvant therapy to surgery results in bad outcomes for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aim to evaluate outcomes of time intervals ≤ 8 weeks and > 8 weeks in locally advanced ESCC.

Methods
This retrospective study consecutively included ESCC patients who received esophagectomy after neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), while the secondary endpoints were pathological response, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications.

Results
From 2019 to 2021, a total of 80 patients were included in our study and were divided into two groups according to the time interval from neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy to surgery: ≤ 8 weeks group (n = 44) and > 8 weeks group (n = 36). The rate of MPR in the ≤ 8 weeks group was 25.0% and 27.8% in the > 8 weeks group (P = 0.779). The rate of pCR in the ≤ 8 weeks group was 11.4%, with 16.7% in the > 8 weeks group (P = 0.493). The incidence of postoperative complications in the ≤ 8 weeks group was 27.3% and 19.4% in the > 8 weeks group (P = 0.413). The median DFS in the two groups had not yet reached (hazard ratio [HR], 3.153; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.383 to 6.851; P = 0.004). The median OS of ≤ 8 weeks group was not achieved (HR, 3.703; 95% CI 1.584 to 8.657; P = 0.0012), with the > 8 weeks group 31.6 months (95% CI 21.1 to 42.1). In multivariable analysis, inferior DFS and OS were observed in patients with interval time > 8 weeks (HR, 2.992; 95% CI 1.306 to 6.851; and HR, 3.478; 95% CI 1.481 to 8.170, respectively).

Conclusions
Locally advanced ESCC patients with time interval from neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy to surgery > 8 weeks were associated with worse long-term survival.
Assessing the hazard of fault triggering by deep geothermal energy production in an active fault system via a 1D stress model and 3D fault mapping
Authors: Levi Nicola , Weissl Michael , Decker Kurt 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBorehole image data and a 1D-stress model built on open hole logs, leak-off tests (LOT) and image logs are used to evaluate the potential of seismicity caused by fault triggering during geothermal heat production in the city of Vienna. Data were derived from a 4220 m deep geothermal exploration well that investigated the geothermal potential of fractured carbonates below the Miocene fill of the Vienna Basin. The well penetrated several normal faults of the Aderklaa Fault System (AFS) that offset Pleistocene terraces at the surface and hence are regarded as active. Stress-induced borehole failures and 1D geomechanical modeling proves that the potential reservoirs are in a normal fault stress regime with Sv > SHmax > Shmin. While stress magnitudes in the upper part of the well (down to about 2000 m) are significantly below the magnitudes that would trigger the rupture of critically oriented faults including the AFS, stresses in the lower part of the drilled section in the pre-Neogene basement (below about 3300 m) are not. Data evidence a rotation of SHmax for about 45° at a fault of the AFS at 3694 m to fault-parallel below the fault suggesting that the fault is active. Critical or near-critical stressing of the fault is corroborated by the stress magnitudes calculated from the 1D geomechanical model. The safety case to exclude unintended triggering of seismic fault slip by developing geothermal reservoirs in close vicinity to one of the branch faults of the AFS may therefore be difficult or impossible to make.
Graphical Abstract