bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HORMONAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS IN A CASE OF RESISTANT OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Starup J. , Pedersen H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This report describes in detail the hormonal and ultrastructural findings in a 21 year old woman with secondary amenorrhoea. who fulfilled all the criteria necessary to establish the diagnosis of resistant ovary syndrome. Ovarian biopsies revealed numerous primordial and primary follicles, which both by light and electron microscopy showed a normal morphology. Nevertheless, the follicles could not be stimulated neither by large doses of human gonadotrophins alone nor by simultaneous administration of cortisone acetate and large doses of human gonadotrophins. The association of a decreased target cell response with increased levels of serum FSH and LH might be explained in different ways. The presence of an inhibitor preventing the normal action of gonadotrophins could not be substantiated, because we did not detect any circulating gonadotrophin antibodies. Furthermore the serum prolactin level was normal.
KIDNEY FUNCTION IN NORMAL MAN DURING SHORT-TERM GROWTH HORMONE INFUSION
Authors: Parving H.-H. , Noer I. , Mogensen C. E. , Svendsen P. Aa. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Kidney function was studied in 9 normal males before and during a 2 h growth hormone (GH) infusion of 50 ng/kg/min. The following variables were measured during each 20 min clearance period: glomerular filtration rate, GFR, effective renal plasma flow, RPF (steady state infusion technique with urinary collections using [125I]iothalamate and [131I]iodohippurate), and urinary albumin and β2-microglobulin excretion rates (radioimmunoassays).
The GH infusion resulted in a 10-fold increase in plasma GH concentration.
All the above mentioned variables remained practically unchanged during the infusion except for a small (−5%) but significant decrease in renal plasma flow (P < 0.01). Our negative results contrast to the findings of increased GFR and RPF during prolonged GH administration and suggest that GH requires several hours or days for its renal effects to become manifest.
IMMUNOREACTIVE β-MSH IN HUMAN PLASMA AND IN A CORTICOTROPHIC ADENOMA CULTURE MEDIUM. ITS RELATION TO THE LIPOTROPHINS
Authors: Bertagna X. , Donnadieu M. , Seurin D. , Binoux M. , Girard F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to characterize more accurately the relationship between immunoreactive β-MSH ("β-MSH") and the lipotrophins (LPH) we attempted to investigate the gel filtration and the immunological characteristics of "β-MSH" in the plasma of patients with Nelson's syndrome and Addison's disease as well as in the culture medium from a human corticotrophic adenoma using a sensitive radioimmunoassay from human β-MSH.
When added either to hormone free plasma or to a plasma from a patient with Nelson's syndrome all the human β-MSH (hβ-MSH) elutes from a Sephadex G-50 column as a single peak in a volume corresponding to its molecular weight. In contrast plasma "β-MSH" in 3 patients with Nelson's syndrome and one patient with Addison's disease almost completely elutes in a volume corresponding to a molecular weight range of 6000– 10 000; no "β-MSH" can be detected in its normal elution volume. Drastic pH change (8.2 to 2.3) does not significantly alter the elution pattern. Chromatography of a corticotrophic adenoma culture medium gave a similar pattern of "β-MSH" with a main peak in the molecular weight range of 6000–10 000. In our radioimmunoassay the culture medium and purified hβ-LPH gave parallel displacement curves for [125I]hβ-MSH. It is suggested that hβ-LPH or a closely related substance is the main material responsible for "β-MSH" immunoactivity.
EFFECT OF CLOMIFENE ON THYROID FUNCTION IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Lange Axel P. , Date John , Hansen Mogens Kern 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To study the effect on thyroid function 100 mg of clomifene citrate was given once a day to two groups of healthy male volunteers for 5 and 12 consecutive days, respectively.
In both groups serum concentrations of TSH, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, T3 resin uptake test and thyroid hormone binding proteins were measured before, during and after oral administration of clomifene. The effect of clomifene treatment was evaluated in Group 1 by means of serum FSH and LH measurements. Further in Group 2 the serum TSH response to iv TRH (200 μg) was also investigated.
The mean per cent elevations in serum concentrations of FSH and LH were 145 and 200, respectively. In Group 1 a small but statistically significant decrease within reference limits in triiodothyronine (P < 0.01) and free thyroxine index (P < 0.02) was found on day 4 of clomifene. On day 5 a slight increase in TSH was observed (P < 0.05). In Group 2 the response of TSH to TRH showed a non-significant increase after 5 days and a significant increase (P < 0.01) after 12 days of clomifene. Eight days after discontinuation of the drug the response was restored to normal. No changes in the thyroid hormone binding proteins in serum could be demonstrated. Though the observed changes were slight, they indicate that clomifene exerts an influence directly on the thyroid function.
RENAL HANDLING OF HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIODINATED THYROTROPHIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Kuku S. F. , Kjeld M. , Gunasekera S. W. , Diamant L. , Fraser T. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previously, TSH metabolism and tissue distribution in the rat were studied using heterologous hormone and/or unphysiological doses. We injected iv [131T]rTSH (S.A. 100 μCi/μg) in physiological doses (10 ng) to KI blocked male rats. Two to 180 min after which TCA precipitable 131I was measured in the kidney, liver, muscle, fat and testis. The highest TCA precipitable radioactivity concentration, peak value 12 % at 30 min; organ/blood ratio, 16, was found in the kidney. With the kidney validated as the major site of localization of TSH, the renal localization and handling of [125I]rTSH was studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was confined to the cortex. Two to 30 min samples showed 125I in Bowman's space and luminal parts of the proximal tubular cells while samples from 60 to 180 min revealed activity in contraluminal areas, suggesting glomerular filtration and tubular re-absorption. Gel-filtration of supernatants of kidney homogenates revealed progressive diminution of the TSH peak and the appearance of a smaller MW peak. We conclude that (1) the kidney is the major site of localization and metabolism of homologous TSH, (2) the renal handling of TSH involves both glomerular filtration and tubular re-absorption.
A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY IN MEASURING T3 AND T4 CONCENTRATION IN RED AND WHITE SKELETAL MUSCLE AND PLASMA OF EUTHYROID RATS
Authors: Janssen J. W. , van Hardeveld C. , Kassenaar A. A. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
T3 and T4 concentrations were determined in plasma and red and white skeletal muscle of the rat. Because of the small tissue samples (± 300 mg), the ultra-sensitive Wick radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serum was adapted for determination in ethanol extracts.
The dilution curves of the plasma and tissue extracts showed excellent parallelism with the standard curves for both T3 and T4.
The mean T4 level found in female rats (n = 6) was 22.6 ± 5.2 ng/ml in plasma and did not differ significantly between red (1.85 ± 0.28 ng/g) and white (1.90 ± 0.25 ng/g) skeletal muscle.
The mean T3 level in 11 normal female rats was 0.629 ± 0.098 ng/ml in the plasma and was significantly higher in the red muscle (2.07 ± 0.26 ng/g) than in the white muscle (1.65 ± 0.20 ng/g).
The higher T3 levels found in the red muscle as compared with the white muscle may help to elucidate the different responsiveness of these muscle types observed in altered thyroid states.
STEROID EXCRETION IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA PATIENTS
Authors: Vanluchene E. , Aertsens W. , Vandekerckhove D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Seven anorexia nervosa (A. N.) patients had reduced urinary excretion values of tetrahydrocortisone (THE), androsterone (A) and 5α-tetrahydrocortisol (5α-THF). THE to tetrahydrocortisol (THF), A to aetiocholanolone (Ae) and 5α-THF to THF ratios were all significantly reduced. Six A. N. patients had oral metyrapone tests with quantitatively normal but delayed urinary 3α,17α,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (THS) response.
The steroid determinations were done by capillary gaschromatography, which proves to be of value in the study of the above mentioned metabolic abnormalities.
THE DYNAMICS OF GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS WITH "MIXED" PITUITARY TUMOURS
Authors: Lamberts Steven W. J. , Klijn Jan G. M. , Kwa Giok H. , Birkenhäger Jan C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The dynamics of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and bromocriptine were evaluated in 15 untreated and 1 previously unsuccessfully treated patients with acromegaly. In 7 of these patients elevated basal PRL levels were found.
In 4 of the 7 hyperprolactinaemic patients plasma PRL concentrations followed closely the pattern of GH secretion in response to TRH (400 μg). The maximal paradoxical increment of GH in response to TRH was paralleled by a delayed PRL response, while a close relationship was observed between the suppression of the elevated GH and PRL levels in these patients after one single dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine. In one of these patients parallel escapes of plasma GH and PRL during bromocriptine treatment were seen. In addition, a significant higher sensitivity to the GH-lowering effect of 2.5 mg bromocriptine was noted from 2 up to 8 h in these 4 patients with presumably "mixed" GH/PRL secreting pituitary adenomas, compared with the response in 9 untreated acromegalic patients with normal basal PRL levels. In the 3 acromegalic patients with slightly elevated PRL levels, no or a normal increase of PRL levels in response to TRH was observed, while the suppressive effect of bromocriptine on plasma GH concentrations was not different from that seen in the acromegalic patients with normal PRL levels. However, as a group the 7 patients with hyperprolactinaemia showed a significantly higher GH-lowering effect to 2.5 mg bromocriptine than the 9 normoprolactinaemic acromegalic patients.
A close relationship between the magnitude of the increment of GH in response to TRH and the decrease of plasma GH after 2.5 mg bromocriptine was present in the whole group of 16 acromegalics (P < 0.01). No such correlation was shown in the type of response of plasma GH to an oral glucose load or the coefficient of variation of basal plasma GH levels on 5 different days.
It is concluded that in the population of acromegalic patients with elevated plasma PRL levels a sub-population of patients is present with "mixed" pituitary adenomas which secrete GH and PRL in a parallel manner. The characteristics of the secretion of both hormones, in these patients can be recognized as a parallel, delayed response of both hormones to TRH and an increased sensitivity to the suppressive effect of bromocriptine.
STUDIES OF THE TSH RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY
Authors: Beall Gildon N. , Chopra Inder J. , Solomon David H. , Irvine W. James , Kruger Sally R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We have examined several variables in the reagents and procedures used in the TSH radioreceptor assay, the binding of iodinated TSH to its thyroidal receptor. We found that iodinated bovine TSH (S.A. 30 U/mg) was more effectively bound to receptor than iodinated human TSH (S.A. 7.3 U/mg). Iodination of TSH with the Bolton-Hunter acylation method apparently prevented binding to TSH receptor. Surgically removed human thyroid tissue specifically bound 10.3 ±1.0 (mean ± sem) of added [125I]TSH, but post-mortem human thyroid bound only 3.9 ± 0.4% of [125I]TSH (P< 0.001). Maximal binding of [125I]TSH was found at pH 5.8. Many tissue preparations contained activity, possibly due to proteases, which inactivated TSH, and inclusion of a protease inhibitor, aprotinin, significantly increased specific binding.
THYROID AND ADRENOMEDULLARY REACTIONS DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION
Authors: Palmblad Jan , Äkerstedt Torbjörn , Fröberg Jan , Melander Arne , von Schenck Henning 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The possible influence of a 48 h period of sleep deprivation on the serum concentrations of total and unbound 3,5,3′,5′-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), and of total 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) was studied in 12 young male volunteers. In addition, plasma concentrations of TSH and the urinary excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline were examined. Both total S-T4, S-T3 and S-rT3, and unbound S-T4 and S-T3 (unbound rT3 was not calculated) were significantly enhanced following sleep deprivation. P-TSH showed a numerical but statistically not significant increase, while the catecholamines remained unaltered. The results suggest that sleep deprivation provokes enhanced secretion of thyroid hormone(s), supposedly via increased secretion of TSH.
ONTOGENY AND DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNOREACTIVE GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE (IR-GIP) IN RAT SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Gespach C. , Bataille D. , Jarrousse C. , Rosselin G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ontogeny and distribution of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) has been studied in the rat duodenum and jejunoileum between day 20 post-coitum and day 150 post-partum by radioimmunoassay following tissue extraction. In foetuses on day 20 of gestation, the content of IR-GIP was 2.0 ± 0.2 ng/duodenum and 18 ± 2.0 ng/jejuno-ileum. The IR-GIP content increased during the whole period investigated and a peak of concentration was observed in the first post-natal week in both the duodenum (860 ± 150 ng/g) and jejunoileum (650 ± 135 ng/g). In the duodenum, the main increase in IR-GIP content (ng per organ) occurred in the 3rd week of life and the same phenomenon was observed 2 weeks later in the jejuno-ileum. The highest GIP concentration was found in the duodenum and in the proximal jejunum, indicating that the upper small intestine is the major site of IR-GIP storage. It is concluded that the ontogeny of IR-GIP further supports the concept that this hormone is involved in the endocrine regulation of metabolism and suggests that this regulatory process takes place at an early stage of rat development.
THE CONCENTRATIONS OF URINARY OESTRONE-3-GLUCURONIDE, LH AND PREGNANEDIOL-3α-GLUCURONIDE AS INDICES OF OVARIAN FUNCTION
Authors: Collins W. P. , Collins P. O. , Kilpatrick M. J. , Manning P. A. , Pike J. M. , Tyler J. P. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Methods based upon the principles of radioimmunoassay have been developed and evaluated for the measurement of oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide in samples of unextracted urine. The procedures have been applied to daily urine (early morning fraction and combined 24 hour collections) from 6 women throughout one complete menstrual cycle and to serial samples from an additional 14 women who only collected early morning specimens.
The results showed that there were characteristic, well-defined changes in the concentration of all 3 metabolites in both samples of urine and from all subjects. In addition, there was a reasonable correlation between the concentration of all 3 compounds in samples of early morning urine and the corresponding rates of excretion per 24 hours. These findings suggest that the procedures may be of value for monitoring ovarian function over long periods of time, without the problems of stress and inconvenience to the patient. Furthermore, the ratio of values for oestrone-3-glucuronide to pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide may be used to indicate the start and finish of the fertile period.
TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON HUMAN PITUITARY TUMOURS: LONG TERM RELEASE OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES INTO THE CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: Lipson Loren G. , Beitins Inese Z. , Kornblith Paul L. , McArthur Janet W. , Friesen Henry G. , Kliman Bernard , Kjellberg Raymond N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was undertaken to determine the length of time that human pituitary tumours are capable of releasing anterior pituitary polypeptide hormones in vitro under basal conditions and to study the spectrum of hormone release by functioning and "non-functioning" pituitary neoplasms. Fragments from the pituitary tumours of 10 patients in the following categories: 1 Cushing's disease, 2 with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea, 3 with acromegaly, and 4 with "non-functioning" pituitary tumours and from 2 normal human anterior pituitary glands were placed in primary culture immediately after surgery. The in vitro release of human growth hormone (hGH), prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was measured by specific radioimmunoassays at the end of each week in culture. Hormone release was surveyed from 6 weeks to 6 months depending upon the survival of the culture. Hormone release patterns were compared with clinical and pathological data.
In the initial week of the study, all 6 anterior pituitary polypeptides were detected in the media from the 2 control pituitaries and from 4 of the tumours (1 amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and 3 acromegaly) in concentrations up to 100 ng/ml of medium while 5 of the 6 hormones were readily detectable in the media from 2 additional tumour samples (Cushing's disease and 1 "non-functioning" pituitary tumour). The media of the remaining 4 tumours contained at least 3 of the 6 hormones (1 amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and 3 "non-functioning" pituitary tumours). After 6 months in culture, the 6 hormones were readily detectable in at least 1 of the 5 surviving cultures and hGH (up to 800 ng/ml) and LH were each detectable in the media from 2 cultures. Although most of the hormone concentrations in the media decreased with length of time in culture, there were 2 exceptions. First, in the media from 5 of the 12 cultures from both controls and tumours, Prl concentrations increased after 50 to 80 days culture. This increase usually lasted for several weeks before Prl levels again began to decline. The second unusual finding occurred in a tumour from a patient with acromegaly in the media of which hGH levels rose from 60 ng/ml to 800 ng/ml between days 125 and 174.
These findings of prolonged hormone release in vitro give promise of future usefulness of tissue culture methods for study of polypeptide hormone releasing mechanisms and long-term production of human anterior pituitary hormones for use in research and possible therapy.
BONE MINERAL LOSS IN INSULIN-TREATED DIABETES MELLITUS: STUDIES ON PATHOGENESIS
Authors: McNair P. , Madsbad S. , Christensen M. S. , Christiansen C. , Faber O. K. , Binder C. , Transbøl I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To elucidate pathogenetic factors of bone mineral loss in diabetes mellitus, bone mineral content (BMC), glucose and calcium homeostasis were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 215 insulin-treated diabetics.
BMC declined 10% during the first 5 years of diabetes. This coincided with cessation of insulin secretion, deterioration of metabolic control and raising urinary excretion rates of calcium and phoshorus. BMC was inversely correlated to fasting blood glucose (P < 0.02), to glycosuria (P < 0.02) and to insulin requirement (P < 0.002), and positively to the glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide levels (P < 0.005). Urinary excretion rates of calcium and phosphorus correlated positively with the degree of hyperglycaemia (P < 0.001) and glycosuria (P <0.001). The skeletal calcium loss corresponded to the excess of urinary calcium excretion during the phase of BMC reduction. There was no evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
The relationship between bone loss and disturbed glucose homeostasis indicates that diabetic bone loss is secondary to the metabolic abnormalities, possibly acting directly on bone.
17α-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY. A COMBINATION OF HYDROXYLATION DEFECT AND REVERSIBLE BLOCKADE IN ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Rovner D. R. , Conn J. W. , Cohen E. L. , Berlinger F. G. , Kern D. C. , Gordon D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We have studied the hormonal secretion and excretion patterns in a patient with the XX type of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency. In the untreated state, the patient's urine contained only those steroids which do not require 17-hydroxylation in their biosynthesis. Aldosterone was not produced in the patient and the metabolic product of its immediate precursor, 18-hydroxy-11-dehydro-tetrahydrocorticosterone, was excreted in markedly elevated amounts. This apparent complete block in 18 oxidation was reversible upon long-term ACTH suppression within 27 days.
Direct in vitro incubation of the patient's adrenal gland removed at operation demonstrated, 1) the complete lack of 17α-hydroxylase activity, 2) the functional block in the ability to oxidize the hydroxyl group at the 18 methyl side chain. The addition of physiological concentrations of angiotensin to the incubation medium further showed, 3) angiotensin mildly stimulated the entire aldosterone biosynthetic pathway, 4) angiotensin directly stimulated the conversion of 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone.
We propose that in this patient, 17-hydroxylase deficiency produced a decreased plasma concentration of cortisol, followed by stimulation of deoxycorticosterone production by ACTH. The resultant increase in extracellular fluid volume suppressed plasma renin activity. This resulted in a low plasma concentration of angiotensin II which directly suppressed oxidation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone. This defect has been called corticosterone methyl oxidase defect type 2.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BINDING PROTEIN FOR INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY (ILAs) IN HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID: A POSSIBLE INHIBITOR OF INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY
Authors: Drop Stenvert L. S. , Valiquette Guy , Guyda Harvey J. , Corvol Maité T. , Posner Barry I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An insulin radioreceptor assay (INS-RRA) and an insulin-like activity radioreceptor assay (ILAs-RRA) have been utilized to partially purify and characterize a protein from human amniotic fluid with ILAs-RRA reactivity. An acid-ethanol soluble protein with an apparent molecular weight of 34 500 daltons by calibrated Sephadex chromatography and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.7 accounts for all of the ILAs-RRA reactivity present in human amniotic fluid. Since this protein has been found to be a binding protein for ILAs. but not for insulin, it has been termed amniotic fluid binding protein or AFBP. AFBP is reactive in a non-parallel manner in the ILAs-RRA and totally inactive in the INS-RRA. The activity of AFBP in the ILAs-RRA is thus to the competition of AFBP with the placental membrane receptor for the [125I]ILAs tracer employed in the ILAs-RRA.
AFBP inhibits the activity of added ILAs, but not of added insulin, in the INS-RRA, presumably by binding ILAs, while being inactive itself. In two biological assays studied to date, the rat epididymal fat pad assay and the rabbit chondrocyte sulphation assay, AFBP also inhibits the activity of added ILAs. These observations raise the possibility that binding protein(s) for insulin-like peptides may function as inhibitors of their bioactivity in different physiologic and pathologic states. The relation of AFBP to binding protein(s) in human plasma remains to be clarified.