bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubilization of Lipid-Soluble Vitamins in Water by Forming Complexes with Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)
Authors: Inamura Isamu , Isshiki Masayuki , Araki Takeo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Lipid-soluble vitamins A1, E, D2, and K1, were solubilized in water by forming complexes with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and hydrogen peroxide on the vitamin–PVP complexes in water were examined by measuring absorption spectra, and compared with those on the vitamins in ethanol.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Symmetrically Substituted Porphyrins via 2-Methoxymethyl-3,4-disubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Kinoshita Hideki , Tanaka Shingo , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
2-Methoxymethylpyrrole derivatives readily available from 2-methylthiomethylpyrroles were found to be readily cyclized to porphyrinogens with formic acid, and subsequent oxidation with O2 affords the corresponding porphyrins in excellent yields.
Abiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids by Proton Irradiation of a Mixture of Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen, and Water
Authors: Kobayashi Kensei , Oshima Tairo , Yanagawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We have shown that proton irradiation simulating the action of cosmic rays and solar flare particles formed proteinous and non-proteinous amino acids such as glycine, alanine, aspartic acid and β-alanine from a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water. The yield of amino acids per unit energy was the highest obtained among various prebiotic energy sources used. This result suggests the possibility of the formation of amino acids from mildly reduced primitive atmospheres on the earth.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Oxygenation of Triphenylcarbenium Ion
Authors: Futamura Shigeru , Kamiya Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Photooxidation of triphenylcarbenium ion in the presence of an electron donor affords bis(triphenylmethyl) peroxide via one electron transfer from the electron donor to the excited singlet state of triphenylcarbenium ion.
Separation of Al(III), Cu(II), Ga(III), and Fe(III) as 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic Acid Complexes by High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Shijo Yoshio , Saitoh Atsuko , Suzuki Kazuyoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
High-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (8-HQS) complexes is studied for the determination of Al(III), Cu(II), Ga(III), and Fe(III). After complexation with 8-HQS, these metals can be determined by direct aqueous injection onto a C18 column in the range of 0.05–2 μg ml−1, with a precision of 3.2–6.5%.
Isolation and Characterization of Some Oxygen-deficient Reduced Forms of Dodecamolybdophosphate Anion Salts
Authors: Kawafune Isao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
By a reaction of [n-Bu4N]3[PMo(VI)12O40] with PPh3 in acetonitrile, reduced forms, [n-Bu4N]3[PMo(VI)12−2xMo(V)2xO40−x] (x = 1, 2, 3), were isolated and characterized by X-ray diffractiometry, IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. No decomposition took place on the anion structure of the reduced compounds, although three of the bridging oxygen atoms in the Mo–O–Mo bonds were eliminated.
Photoreaction of 3-Azido-5,7-di-t-butyl-2,1-benzisothiazole. Spectroscopic Detection of a Thionitroso Intermediate
Authors: Okazaki Renji , Takahashi Masaki , Inamoto Naoki , Sugawara Tadashi , Iwamura Hiizu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Photoreaction of the title compound at cryogenic temperatures produced a highly reactive 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-cyanothionitrosobenzene which showed a visible absorption around 470 nm.
The Control of Molecular Transport Rate through Liquid Membrane Containing Ferromagnetic Powder under Rotating Magnetic Field
Authors: Sakai Yasuzo , Kumakura Hiroyuki , Takahashi Fujio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A novel method with using liquid membrane containing ferromagnetic powder (LM-FP) under rotating magnetic field was proposed for the control of molecular transport rate through the liquid membrane. The rate of phenylglyoxylic acid transport through the LM-FP, (toluene-chloroform mixture containing magnetite powder) increased more than 10 times as compared with the transport rate under non-magnetic field.
Difference in the Primary Structures of Ribonuclease F1 Isoforms
Authors: Hanazawa Hideyuki , Hirabayashi Jun , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The carboxy terminal asparagine residue of ribonuclease F1 has been shown to be replaced by an aspartic acid residue in the isoform, ribonuclease F2. A new name ribonuclease F1′ has been proposed for this isoform. The previously reported primary structure of ribonuclease F1 has been corrected at two positions.
A Novel Photo-Induced Substitution of Alkyl 2-Cyano-3-quinolinecarboxylates
Authors: Ono Isao , Fujiki Yoshiyuki , Fujinami Naoki , Hoshi Toshihiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of 2-quinolinecarbonitriles having an alkoxycarbonyl group at the 3-position afforded five-membered and/or six-membered lactones in normal alcohols depending on their alkyl-chain-length, whereas the irradiation in 2-propanol and t-butyl alcohol did not cause any cyclization, but instead decynated and methylated products were obtained, respectively.
Synthesis and Conduction Properties of New Na+-conducting Glass-ceramics of Sodium Yttrium Silicophosphate
Authors: Yamashita Kimihiro , Nojiri Takeshi , Umegaki Takao , Kanazawa Takafumi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Na+ superion conducting glass-ceramics were obtained in the system Na2O–Y2O3–P2O5–SiO2. The compounds with the crystal structure of Na5YSi4O12 was found to be the most conductive and exhibit the ionic conductivity as 8.0 × 10−2 S/cm at 300 °C with the activation energy of 22.8 kJ/mol.
Solvent Effect on the Product Distributions in the Photocycloaddition of Electron-rich Olefins to 1,2-Naphthoquinone
Authors: Takuwa Akio , Sumikawa Miho 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of 1,2-naphthoquinone in the presence of electron rich olefins such as 2-methoxypropene, ethyl vinyl ether, or 2,3-dihydrofuran, afforded two isomers of cycloadducts, i.e., dihydrodioxins and dihydrofuran derivatives. The distributions of these two products strongly depended on the solvent polarities. In the reaction in benzene, dihydrodioxins were almost exclusively obtained, whereas in acetonitrile or methanol dihydrofuran derivatives were exclusively produced in high yields.
The Oxidation of Methacrylic Acid Esters with H2O2 in the Presence of Chromium Catalysts. A Novel Route to Pyruvic Acid Esters
Authors: Inoue Masami , Uragaki Toshitaka , Kashiwagi Hiroshi , Enomoto Saburo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of methacrylic acid esters to pyruvic acid esters was carried out with aqueous H2O2 in CH3CN in the presence of a catalytic amount of chromium compounds such as Cr(III)(acac)3, chromium salts, and chromic acid. The oxidation of methyl methacrylate in the presence of chromic acid and triethylamine (1:1) gave an 82% conversion with a 72% selectivity to methyl pyruvate at 40 °C for 20 h.
Selectivity in the Solid-State Photoreaction of 6-Cyanouracils with Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Meng Ji-ben , Zhu Zuo-lin , Wang Ru-ji , Yao Xin-kan , Ito Yoshikatsu , Ihara Hiroyasu , Matsuura Teruo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The photoreactions of 6-cyanouracils with aromatic hydrocarbons in the solid state proceed with a selectivity different from that in solution.
Intramolecular Interactions between Two Non-conjugated Metal Complex Moieties in Alkylene-bridged Ferrocene and (η-Cyclopentadienyl)(1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolato)cobalt(III)
Authors: Akiyama Takeo , Nakamura Kosei , Tamada Masami , Ushijima Hirobumi , Kajitani Masatsugu , Shimizu Kunio , Sugimori Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Bimetallic complexes, A–CH2–B(1) and A–(CH2)2–B(2), were synthesized in which (η-cyclopentadienyl)(1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolato)cobalt(III) (A) and ferrocene (B) moieties are bound at the cyclopentadienyl(cp) rings by–CH2–. Their cyclic voltammogramms show the presence of the intramolecular interaction between the two metal complex moieties, A and B. Moiety B (oxidized form) promotes decomposition of the oxidized form of A. The MS fragment patterns of 1 and 2 suggest the presence of a species in which two sulfur atoms of the dithiolene ligand bridge the two metal atoms.
CIDEP Studies on Radicals Produced from Photochemical Reactions of Some Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Ikoma Tadaaki , Akiyama Kimio , Tero-Kubota Shozo , Ikegami Yusaku 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
CIDEP spectra of radicals generated from photoinduced hydrogen abstraction and α-cleavage reactions of several alkyl phenyl ketones were studied. The participation of radical pair mechanism on the spectra was discussed from the magnitude of hyperfine interaction.
Observation of Tip-Induced Ordered Molecular Arrangement on Graphite Surfaces by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Liu Zhong-Fan , Loo Boon H , Baba Ryo , Fujishima Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Ordered molecular structure has been observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in the disordered films of an azobenzene derivative on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. The disordered films were formed by a direct deposition method. The present result gives the first report on the observation of tip-induced ordered molecular structure from disordered films by STM, and it demonstrates the possibility of orderly arranging molecules on surfaces through the action of an STM tip.
Electroactive Poly(2-chloroaniline) Film Prepared by Electrochemical Polymerization in Organic Solvents without Protic Acid
Authors: Kobayashi Norihisa , Yamada Katsumi , Hirohashi Ryo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
It is revealed that the electroactive polymer film is obtained by the electrochemical polymerization of 2-chloroaniline in organic solvents such as 1,2-dichloroethane etc. without protic acid. The film exhibits the reversible electrochromic behavior with the color change from pale yellow to green to blue in the potential range of 0 V – +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
p-Methoxybenzyl as a New N3-Imide Protecting Group of 5-Fluorouridine and Its Application to the Synthesis of 5′-O-Acryloyl-5-fluorouridine
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Kumegawa Masahiro , Takesue Yasuhiro , Nishimoto Hiroyuki , Ozaki Shoichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
5′-O-Acryloyl-5-fluorouridine was prepared by use of p-methoxybenzyl(PMB) group as a new N3-imide protecting group of 5-fluorouridine. A chemoselective method for protection has been developed by use of ethyldiisopropylamine as a base and deprotection was effected by AlCl3-anisole system.
A Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Probe Based on a Lithium Ionic Conductor
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Kawasato Takeshi , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A carbon dioxide gas sensor probe was fabricated by applying a high lithium ionic conductor as a solid electrolyte and a calcium carbonate + calcium oxide mixture as a solid reference electrode, and its ability for CO2 detection was examined. The electromotive force(EMF) obtained was in excellent agreement with the EMF value calculated from the Nernst’s equation for CO2 gas concentrations from 80 ppm(v/v) to 1 %(v/v).
Acid Catalyzed Rearrangement of 16β,17β-Epoxydigitoxigenin 3-Acetate, The Formation of Spiro Compound and Tetraenolide
Authors: Ishii Keitaro , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Dan Gong , Sakamoto Masanori , Taira Zenei , Asakawa Yoshinori 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
On treatment with boron trifluoride etherate, 16β,17β-epoxydigitoxigenin 3-acetate undergoes unusual rearrangement leading to novel spiro compound and tetraenolide, whose 3-hydroxy derivative is one of the aglycon of neriumosides.
Catalytic Ability of 9-Cyanophenanthrene in Oxidative Photodimerization of 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene
Authors: Ohashi Maki , Maeda Hajime , Mizuno Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The oxidative photodimerization reaction of 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (1) in the presence of nucleophiles was efficiently catalyzed by 9-cyanophenanthrene (9-CP) to give nucleophile-substituted 3,7-decadienes.
Analyzing the Crushing of Granular Materials by Sound Analysis Technique
Authors: Arslan H , Baykal G 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Signal processing techniques have been introduced in the past two decades into engineering applications to analyze particle-scale microstructure. In this paper, a different approach of signal processing techniques for the geotechnical engineering application is introduced. The crushing of granular particles was analyzed by using the sound analysis technique during the shear process of granular materials. Sound analysis setup was implemented to direct shear box to analyze the crushing of granular materials under shear loading. The microphone signal by using an Electret Microphone is processed and the signal coming from the microphone was analyzed by using the Fourier Transform method. Although the analysis is very complex, it is believed the information obtained will help in understanding when the crushing process begins and the extent of crushing which will lead to better understanding of granular materials subjected to shear.
The Formation Mechanism of the Factory-Roof Pattern in a Torsional Fatigue Specimen with Circumferential Notch
Authors: Makabe C , Anggit M , Sueyoshi T , Yafuso T 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The formation mechanism of the factory-roof pattern in a circumferential notched specimen was examined. To achieve observation of the material's cracks internally, plastic material, that was acrylic, was used for the test. Cyclic torsional tests were performed with and without application of static tension. A factory-roof pattern was formed in the fracture surface when cyclic torsion tests were conducted with static tension. Formation of the factory-roof pattern was found to be dependent on testing conditions. When such a pattern was formed, many small cracks were initiated by shear mode, followed by their coalescence. The new cracks' initiation at the front of the shear mode cracks could be one of the reasons for the coalescence. After the coalescence and branching of cracks, the cracks grew under the control of the maximum principal stress criterion. This behavior was examined by direct observation of the cracks. The final fracture pattern showed the initiation of many shear-mode cracks and their succeeding coalescence. From those observations, we considered the formation of a factory-roof pattern model.
Inversionsbasierter Vorsteuerungsentwurf mit Ein- und Ausgangsbeschränkungen (Inversion-Based Feedforward Control Design under Input and Output Constraints)
Authors: Graichen Knut , Zeitz Michael 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Für die Realisierung von Arbeitspunktwechseln in einem endlichen Zeitintervall wird ein neuer Ansatz zum Vorsteuerungsentwurf für nichtlineare Systeme mit Ein- und Ausgangsbeschränkungen vorgestellt. Das Entwurfsverfahren definiert das betrachtete Transitionsproblem als eine Zwei-Punkt-Randwertaufgabe (RWA) in den Koordinaten der Ein-/Ausgangs-Normalform. Die Lösbarkeit der RWA verlangt eine hinreichende Anzahl von freien Parametern in der Differentialgleichung der Ein-/Ausgangsdynamik. Die RWA mit freien Parametern kann z.B. mit der Matlab-Funktion bvp4c numerisch gelöst werden. Das Entwurfsverfahren bietet darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit, Beschränkungen des Eingangs, des Ausgangs sowie von dessen Zeitableitungen in der Formulierung der RWA zu berücksichtigen. Als Beispielaufgabe wird das seitliche Versetzen eines stehenden Pendels betrachet.
Portale und Prozesse – Schnittstelle zwischen Unternehmen und Nutzer (Portals and Processes — Interface between Company and User)
Authors: Grimm Sebastian 
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung
Viele der derzeit implementierten Portale beschränken sich darauf, vorhandenen Applikationen ein neues Look & Feel zu geben und visuelle Präferenzen zu erfüllen. Zusätzlicher Mehrwert entsteht jedoch erst, wenn Kunden, Partnern und Mitarbeitern der Zugriff auf applikations- und unternehmensübergreifende Prozesse ermöglicht wird — das Portal also nutzerorientiert ausgerichtet wird. Dazu ist eine Abgrenzung zwischen den unterschiedlichen Prozesstypen notwendig. Prozessportale als ein Instrument bilden dabei die Schnittstelle zwischen menschlichen Interaktionen und Geschäftsprozessen.
Crystal chemistry study of the solid solutions in the system La2BaZnO5—Eu2BaZnO5
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Apuleyo , Bucio Lauro , Ibarra-Palos Alejandro , Villafuerte-Castrejón María Elena 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In this work, a complete crystallochemical characterization of two solid solutions, which were founded in the binary end members system La2BaZnO5—Eu2BaZnO5, is reported. Both compounds belong to the family of mixed oxides with formula Ln2BaMO5 which presents interesting magnetic, electric and optical properties. Several works have been reported about this family of compounds with the same stoichiometry but with different structures depending on the M2+ coordination and rare earth content. Two solid solutions were obtained and characterized. Cell parameters, density measurements and solubility limits were determined for both solid solutions.
Structure refinements of Eu2BaZnO5, La2BaZnO5 and the two solid solution series were carried out by the Rietveld method. Both structures and their relationship were discussed.
Polymeric topologies in cadmium(II) dithiophosphate adducts of the isomeric n-pyridinealdazines, n = 2, 3 and 4
Authors: Lai Chian Sing , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A series of crystal structures of adducts formed between cadmium dithiophosphate, Cd(S2P(OiPr)2)2, and the isomeric n-pyridinealdazine ligands, n = 2, 3, and 4, are described. A centrosymmetric dimer is found in the 2 : 1 adduct with the 2-isomer, i.e. [Cd(S2P(OiPr)2)2(2-NC5H4C(H) = C(H)C5H4N-2)0.5]2, in which the cadmium atom exists within a cis-N2S4 donor set and the di-pyridyl-type ligand is tetradentate. By contrast, trans-N2S4 donor sets for cadmium and regular bridging modes of coordination lead to polymers with a step-ladder topology are found in the 1:1 adducts with the 3- and 4-isomeric ligands, i.e. [Cd(S2P(OiPr)2)2(n-NC5H4C(H) = C(H)C5H4N-n)]∞, for n = 3 and 4. Differences in aggregation behaviour are related to the binding requirements of the n-pyridinealdazine ligands.
Iron Cytochrome C Nanohybrids – Supramolecular Electron Transfer to an Electron Accepting Fullerene
Authors: Guldi Dirk M. , Zilbermann Israel , Hatzimarinaki Maria , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: April 2006

Summary
For the first time, intracomplex electron transfer reactions were tested in cytochrome c based nanohybrids (i.e., Fe(II)CytC and Fe(III)CytC), to which polyanionic C60 derivatives were electrostatically associated. Successful radical ion pair formation, namely, oxidized FeCytC and reduced C60, was detected when divalent Fe(II)CytC is used. The so formed Fe(III)CytC · C60
•− lives for 2.4 ± 0.5 μs.
Histone H1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inhibits Transcriptional Silencing
Authors: Veron Marie , Zou Yanfei , Yu Qun , Bi Xin , Selmi Abdelkader , Gilson Eric , Defossez Pierre-Antoine 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes contain euchromatic regions, which are transcriptionally active, and heterochromatic regions, which are repressed. These domains are separated by “barrier elements”: DNA sequences that protect euchromatic regions from encroachment by neighboring heterochromatin. To identify proteins that play a role in the function of barrier elements we have carried out a screen in S. cerevisiae. We recovered the gene HHO1, which encodes the yeast ortholog of histone H1, as a high-copy modifier of barrier activity. Histone H1 is a linker histone that binds the outside of nucleosomes and modifies chromatin dynamics. Here we show that Hho1p reinforces the action of several types of barrier elements, and also inhibits silencing on its own.
Retroelement Genome Painting: Cytological Visualization of Retroelement Expansions in the Genera Zea and Tripsacum
Authors: Lamb Jonathan C , Birchler James A 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Divergence of abundant genomic elements among the Zea and Tripsacum genera was examined cytologically and a tool kit established for subsequent studies. The LTR regions from the CRM, Huck, Grande, Prem1, Prem2/Ji, Opie, Cinful-1, and Tekay retroelement families were used as FISH probes on mitotic chromosome spreads from a “trispecies” hybrid containing chromosomes from each of three species: Zea mays (2n = 20), Z. diploperennis (2n = 20), and Tripsacum dactyloides (2n = 36). Except for Tekay, which painted both Zea and Tripsacum chromosomes with nearly equal intensity, the retroelement probes hybridized strongly to the Zea chromosomes, allowing them to be distinguished from those of Tripsacum. Huck and Grande hybridized more intensely to maize than to Z. diploperennis chromosomes. Tripsacum genomic clones containing retroelement sequences were isolated that specifically paint Tripsacum chromosomes. The retroelement paints proved effective for distinguishing different genomes in interspecific hybrids and visualizing alien chromatin from T. dactyloides introgressed into maize lines. Other FISH probes (180-bp knob, TR-1, 5S, NOR, Cent4, CentC, rp1, rp3, and α-ZeinA) could be simultaneously visualized with the retroelement probes, emphasizing the value of the retroelement probes for cytogenetic studies of Zea and Tripsacum.
Contrasting Patterns of Introgression at X-Linked Loci Across the Hybrid Zone Between Subspecies of the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Geraldes Armando , Ferrand Nuno , Nachman Michael W 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Hybrid zones provide an excellent opportunity for studying the consequences of genetic changes between closely related taxa. Here we investigate patterns of genetic variability and gene flow at four X-linked loci within and between the two subspecies of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus and O. c. algirus). Two of these genes are located near the centromere and two are located near the telomeres. We observed a deep split in the genealogy of each gene with the root located along the deepest branch in each case, consistent with the evolution of these subspecies in allopatry. The two centromeric loci showed low levels of variability, high levels of linkage disequilibrium, and little introgression between subspecies. In contrast, the two telomeric loci showed high levels of variability, low levels of linkage disequilibrium, and considerable introgression between subspecies. These data are consistent with suppression of recombination near the centromere of the rabbit X chromosome. These observations support a view of speciation where genomic incompatibilities at different loci in the genome create localized differences in levels of gene flow between nascent species.
Consequences of Defective Tubulin Folding on Heterodimer Levels, Mitosis and Spindle Morphology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lacefield Soni , Magendantz Margaret , Solomon Frank 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In budding yeast, the essential roles of microtubules include segregating chromosomes and positioning the nucleus during mitosis. Defects in these functions can lead to aneuploidy and cell death. To ensure proper mitotic spindle and cytoplasmic microtubule formation, the cell must maintain appropriate stoichiometries of α- and β-tubulin, the basic subunits of microtubules. The experiments described here investigate the minimal levels of tubulin heterodimers needed for mitotic function. We have found a triple-mutant strain, pac10Δ plp1Δ yap4Δ, which has only 20% of wild-type tubulin heterodimer levels due to synthesis and folding defects. The anaphase spindles in these cells are ∼64% the length of wild-type spindles. The mutant cells are viable and accurately segregate chromosomes in mitosis, but they do have specific defects in mitosis such as abnormal nuclear positioning. The results establish that cells with 20% of wild-type levels of tubulin heterodimers can perform essential cellular functions with a short spindle, but require higher tubulin heterodimer concentrations to attain normal spindle length and prevent mitotic defects.