bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional variation in the syntactic distribution of null finite complementizer
Authors: Kearns Kate 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article explores syntactic and regional variation in the choice between declarative (nonrelativizer)thatand zero complementizer. Using a corpus of contemporary prose from New Zealand, Australian, American, and British newspapers, the study examines complementizer choice in complements to verbs and adjectives, extraposed complements to verbs,it-subject constructions (It is obvious(that)), and copula constructions (The trouble is(that),It could be(that),What matters is(that),It was only later(that)). The form of the embedded subject (pronoun, short NP (noun phrase), long NP) is also taken into account. It is shown that significant regional differences in zero rates are to some extent syntactic. The New Zealand and Australian data show less inhibition of zero in clauses that are not adjacent to the clause-selecting lexical head than the American and British data.
Regional differences in low SES African-American children's speech in the school setting
Authors: Charity Anne H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractComprehensive investigations of African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) have demonstrated that most features of AAVE reported in the sociolinguistic literature are consistently seen in nearly every African-American speech community in which vernacular speech has been documented. This article highlights quantitative regional differences in the speech produced by African-American children from three U.S. cities in an academic setting. In this analysis, 157 5- to 8-year-old African-American children in New Orleans, LA, Washington, DC, and Cleveland, OH imitated the sentences of a story presented in Standard American English (SAE) by teachers. The 15 sentences included many items that were possible mismatches between the child's vernacular and SAE. Afterwards, the children retold the story in their own words. Children's use of SAE and AAVE features in both tasks was analyzed. Higher rates of AAVE feature use occurred in New Orleans than in Cleveland or Washington, DC.
Appalachian English in southern Indiana? The evidence from verbal -s
Authors: José Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this article, the variable use of verbal -swith (especially, third-person) plural subjects is examined in extreme south-central Indiana. The patterns observed are compared to the same in several varieties of Appalachian English, and it is argued that the local language variety reflects the morphosyntactic stability of the linguistic system brought here by pioneer settlers from various Appalachian states some 200 years before. A very small pilot-study corpus of comparable data from the extreme northwestern corner of Indiana is called on to help refute a “universalist” explanation for the similarities found in southern Indiana and Appalachia. Finally, the conditions surrounding the transplantation of Appalachian English to Kentuckiana and to other places (i.e., the Ozarks, North Carolina's Outer Banks) are considered, and questions are raised about the degree of isolation believed to be necessary in the respective communities.
‘In Italy we don’t have the means for illusion’: Grand opéra in nineteenth-century Bologna
Authors: NEWARK CORMAC 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTContemporary press reports of two important stagings of grand opéra in Bologna – Rossini’s Guillaume Tell (as Rodolfo di Sterlinga) in 1840 and the Italian première of Verdi’s Don Carlos in 1867 – shed light on some intriguing details of the beginning and culmination of the genre’s reception in Italy. Through the prism of local civic pride, they illuminate not only the national standing of the composers in question and the state of regional operatic production, but also the political issues of the day as they impinged – frequently in unexpected ways – on then-current debates about musical style and genre. In particular, when read alongside the pronouncements of Angelo Mariani (conductor in Bologna from 1860) and, above all, Verdi, they reveal that the role, provenance and relative status of the works’ visual aspect (apparently so integral to the development of grand opéra) figured surprisingly importantly in the complicated and often contradictory discourse on unity in the nation at large.
Killing time: Contemporary representations of opera in British culture
Authors: WILSON ALEXANDRA 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTRecent debates about ‘high’ and ‘low’ culture and the perceived repositioning of such categories have had potentially profound implications for opera. British artist Sam Taylor-Wood’s video installation Killing Time (1994) provides a useful starting point from which to explore these polemics. By juxtaposing images of mundane daily life with a soundtrack drawn from Strauss’s Elektra, Taylor-Wood seems to present opera and ‘the everyday’ as irreconcilable. Yet, the perception of opera as highbrow has by no means been a historical constant in Britain. This article considers the extent to which opera may be regaining the ‘entertainment status’ it enjoyed for a period during the late nineteenth century, or whether its perception as an ‘elite’ product is more deeply ingrained in British culture than ever before. Killing Time’s critique of opera and the commentary it offers on voice, art as redemption, and the politics of participatory art are analysed and contrasted with the representation of opera in a more ‘popular’ medium, a reality television series in which members of the public were trained as opera singers. The article concludes that, while popular culture seems able to embrace opera, the more uneasy relationship today is that between opera and other forms of ‘high art’.
Feasibility of using retinol-binding protein from capillary blood specimens to estimate serum retinol concentrations and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in low-resource settings
Authors: Gorstein Jonathan L , Dary Omar , Pongtorn  , Shell-Duncan Bettina , Quick Tim , Wasanwisut Emorn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a significant public health problem in many countries. While cost-effective interventions are available to control VAD, reliable information is needed to the track progress of control programmes. However, assessment of VAD is uncommon because current approaches are expensive and not feasible in low-resource settings. The present study explores the utility of retinol-binding protein (RBP), analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from capillary blood, as an alternative measure of serum retinol concentrations in populations. The study collected matched panels of venous and capillary blood from pre-school children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Of a total sample of 195 children, there were no differences between RBP from venous blood, RBP from capillary blood or retinol from capillary blood relative to retinol from venous blood. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested a cut-off of RBP < 0.825 μmol l−1had optimal screening proficiency relative to retinol <0.70 μmol l−1. For the purpose of population assessment, all three parameters performed well in screening for VAD relative to retinol from venous blood. There were no differences in the estimates of VAD between children stratified by inflammation status. Lower RBP concentrations were found in children in the early convalescent stage of infection than in children with no infection or in the late convalescent stage. This study provided evidence of the biological comparability between retinol and RBP estimated from venous blood and capillary blood. This is a critical observation as it provides empirical evidence that RBP from capillary blood is a surrogate measure of serum retinol concentrations.
Celebrating Patriotism: Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach’s Compositions for the Militia in Hamburg
Authors: RATHEY MARKUS 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTWhen Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach became cantor in Hamburg in 1768, he was faced with a long musical tradition shaped by his ancestor Georg Philipp Telemann. Part of this tradition was the provision of compositions for the annual meeting of the captains of the militia, for whom Telemann had composed several oratorios and serenades. Even though Bach composed only two such Bürgerkapitänsmusiken, they are instructive pieces, showing the relationship between music, culture and politics in late eighteenth-century Hamburg, which at the time was a centre of political discourse. Questions of democracy, the relationship between government and the individual, and the possibilities of ‘patriotic education’ were discussed earlier in Hamburg than in other regions of Germany. It is especially the question of patriotism and of patriotic behaviour that informs Bach’s Bürgerkapitänsmusiken. An analysis both of the librettos (written by Christian Wilhelm Alers) and of Bach’s music shows how the ideas of enlightened patriotic discourse lurk behind these compositions and how they aim to depict an ideal political community.
It Takes Two to Talk – The Hanen Program® and families of children with motor disorders: a UK perspective*
Authors: Pennington L. , Thomson K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground  Speech and language therapy for young children who have motor disorders targets both the children themselves and their parents. Therapy for parents often involves training about communication and how to foster children's development. It Takes Two to Talk – The Hanen Program® for Parents has become popular in the UK, but has not been specifically evaluated for this client group. This study, which was part of a larger investigation of the acceptability and potential effects of the programme on the communication patterns of mothers and their young children with motor disorders, investigated therapists' experiences of providing the training in the National Health Service (NHS) and their views on its effectiveness.Methods  Four focus groups, which involved 16 speech and language therapists who provide It Takes Two to Talk in NHS Trusts in England, were analysed using qualitative methods.Results  The themes indicated that therapists perceived the training programme to be effective in helping parents to develop a facilitative communication style. Therapists reported secondary outcomes of positive changes in parents' confidence and in relationships between parents and their children and between parents and therapists. Barriers to the provision and success of the programme were thought to relate to resources, parents' apprehensions about the programme's content and delivery and support from key stakeholders. Barriers were seen to be minimized in services where other members of the healthcare teams actively supported the training programme and where the intervention was integrated as part of a care pathway.Conclusions  The information from this study may assist service providers in the marketing, planning and delivery of new intervention methods, to ensure that they are seen as valuable and acceptable by parents.
The influence of temperature and fine‐scale resource distribution on resource sharing and domination in an ant community
Authors: STRINGER LLOYD D. , HAYWOOD JOHN , LESTER PHILIP J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract1. In order to coexist in sympatry, subordinate species must somehow obtain resources that dominant taxa may generally control. This study examines the response of an ant community to fine‐scale variation in resource distribution, as a mechanism enabling resource acquisition by subordinates in the presence of dominant taxa. Food (6 g) was portioned as one, eight, or 64 items in a 0.4‐m2area, centred on nests ofMonomorium sydneyenseForel, considered the most dominant ant in the area. This ant is a newly established exotic species in our study site of Tauranga, New Zealand.2. As the number of food items increased, a significant increase in the number of species utilising the food was observed, associated with an increase in the non‐utilised proportion of food items.3. The changing occupation rates of food items byM. sydneyenseand three other species were modelled against soil surface temperature and the varying dispersion rates of the food resource. Significant main effects of food density, site, species, and temperature were observed on the probability of food being occupied by a species. However, there were also significant interaction effects, making it impossible to interpret the main effects in isolation.Monomorium sydneyensedominated a smaller proportion of resources in trials with increased resource distribution and cooler temperatures, allowing more species to access resources.4. There was considerable variation between species in their responses to variation in temperature and food distribution. Although most species were able to respond to increasing resource dispersion, species that were in low abundance apparently could not. However, even species that could respond to increasing resource dispersion were limited in the number of resources they could secure.
A comparison of nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic effects on sperm competitiveness and female remating in a seed beetle
Authors: DOWLING D. K. , FRIBERG U. , ARNQVIST G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt is widely assumed that male sperm competitiveness evolves adaptively. However, recent studies have found a cytoplasmic genetic component to phenotypic variation in some sperm traits presumed important in sperm competition. As cytoplasmic genes are maternally transmitted, they cannot respond to selection on sperm and this constraint may affect the scope in which sperm competitiveness can evolve adaptively. We examined nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic contributions to sperm competitiveness, using populations of Callosobruchus maculatus carrying orthogonal combinations of nuclear and cytoplasmic lineages. Our design also enabled us to examine genetic contributions to female remating. We found that sperm competitiveness and remating are primarily encoded by nuclear genes. In particular, a male’s sperm competitiveness phenotype was contingent on an interaction between the competing male genotypes. Furthermore, cytoplasmic effects were detected on remating but not sperm competitiveness, suggesting that cytoplasmic genes do not generally play a profound evolutionary role in sperm competition.
Host plant and latitude‐related diapause variation in Rhagoletis pomonella: a test for multifaceted life history adaptation on different stages of diapause development
Authors: DAMBROSKI H. R. , FEDER J. L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVariation in the overwintering pupal diapause of Rhagoletis pomonella appears to adapt sympatric populations of the fly to seasonal differences in the fruiting times of their host plants, generating ecological reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate what aspects of diapause development are differentially affected (1) by comparing the propensities of apple vs. hawthorn‐infesting host races of R. pomonella to forgo an initially deep diapause and directly develop into adults, and (2) by determining the chronological order that R. pomonella races and sibling species break diapause and eclose when reared under standardized environmental conditions. The results imply that factors affecting initial diapause depth (and/or differential mortality during the prewintering period) and those determining the timing of diapause termination or rates of post‐diapause development are both under differential selection and are to some degree genetically uncoupled in flies. The modular nature of diapause life history adaptation in Rhagoletis suggests that phenology may involve multiple genetic changes and represent a stronger ecological barrier separating phytophagous specialists than is generally appreciated.
Health‐related quality of life and sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder
Authors: Oh Seung‐June , Ku Ja Hyeon , Choo Myung‐Soo , Yun Jong Min , Kim Duk Yoon , Park Won‐Hee 
Published: October 2007

Background:  We evaluated the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and sexual function.Methods:  A total of 245 women (SUI; n = 123 and OAB; n = 122) from 21 to 79 years old (mean 50.4) were included in the primary analyses. To obtain HRQOL and sexual function assessments, patients were asked to fill in the ‘Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BFLUTS)’ and the ‘Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‐36)’ questionnaires.Results:  Of the eight domains in the SF‐36 questionnaire, only ‘general health’ was significantly different between the groups. Patients with SUI had a better general health than those with OAB (P = 0.016). When comparing the BFLUTS scores in the two groups, the score for ‘BFLUTS‐filling symptoms’ was higher in the OAB group (P = 0.002) but that for ‘BFLUTS‐incontinence symptoms’ was higher in the SUI group (P < 0.001). The score for ‘BFLUTS‐sex’ was higher in the SUI group than in the OAB group but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.096). Of the 169 patients who had a sex life, the SUI group had experienced pain (P = 0.033) and leakage (P = 0.056) more frequently during intercourse than the OAB group.Conclusion:  Both SUI and OAB have a detrimental impact on patient HRQOL in Korean women. In addition, our findings suggest that women with SUI had more frequently experienced pain during intercourse and coital incontinence than those with OAB.
Preventive effect of risedronate on bone loss in men receiving androgen‐deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Ishizaka Kazuhiro , Machida Tatsuya , Kobayashi Shuichiro , Kanbe Naoko , Kitahara Satoshi , Yoshida Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: October 2007

Aim: Androgen‐deprivation therapy for prostate cancer decreases bone mineral density and increases the risk of fracture. The effect of risedronate, a potent third‐generation oral bisphosphonate, on bone loss during androgen deprivation therapy was investigated.Methods: Sixty‐one prostate cancer patients with a mean age (±SD) of 79 ± 6 years who had received androgen deprivation therapy for 42 ± 29 months were enrolled, and were treated with 2.5 mg of risedronate daily for six months. Bone mineral density was measured at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and ultradistal radius by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The percent change of bone mineral density after treatment with risedronate was calculated as the primary efficacy variable. Urinary N‐telopeptide of type I collagen was measured as a bone resorption marker.Results: Bone mineral density remained stable in the femoral neck and radius during risedronate therapy. In contrast, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine showed a significant increase from 1069 ± 488 mg/cm2−1112 ± 497 mg/cm2(P < 0.001), representing a gain of 4.9 ± 8.9%. Urinary N‐telopeptide of type I collagen decreased significantly (P < 0.001) after three months of risedronate treatment.Conclusions: Risedronate could prevent and reverse bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer by inhibiting bone resorption.
Farm‐scale assessment of movement patterns and colonization dynamics of the grain aphid in arable crops and hedgerows
Authors: Vialatte Aude , Plantegenest Manuel , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Dedryver Charles‐Antoine 
Published: October 2007

Abstract1 Integrated management of crop pests requires the identification of the appropriate spatial scale at which colonization processes occurs. We assessed, by coupling demographic and genetic methods, the relative contribution of local and transient migrants of the grain aphidSitobion avenaeto wheat field colonization in spring.2 We examined, during two consecutive years, the daily colonization of wheat by aphid migrants and compared this with daily aphid flight monitored by a local 12.2‐m suction trap. The genetic profiles of aphids landing on crops were compared with those of both flying aphids caught by the suction trap and local populations from arable crops and hedgerows.3 In the first year, we observed: (i) a strong correlation between aphids colonizing the crop and those moving within the crop and a close genetic similarity between aphids from these samples and (ii) a high level of genetic differentiation between these aphids and populations from local cereals and field margins. In the second year, the number of migrants recorded on the wheat was three‐fold higher than in the previous year, and less correlated with that recorded by the suction trap. This was associated with a lack of genetic differentiation between all samples.4 This variation in the colonization processes resulted mainly in an abrupt increase in abundance of genotypes from local over‐wintering sites in 2004. This suggests that, despite the long range dispersal potential of the grain aphid, outbreak risks could be mainly determined at a local scale, encouraging the design of relatively small management units.
An exponential growth model with decreasing r captures bottom‐up effects on the population growth of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Costamagna A. C. , Van Der Werf W. , Bianchi F. J. J. A. , Landis D. A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract1 There is ample evidence that the life history and population dynamics of aphids are closely linked to plant phenology. Based on life table studies, it has been proposed that the growth of aphid populations could be modeled with an exponential growth model, with r decreasing linearly with time. This model has never been tested under field conditions.2 The soybean aphid Aphis glycines is a new invasive pest to soybean production in the U.S.A. In the present study, we present five datasets on the growth of colonies of A. glycines, monitored during population growth and decline under predator‐free conditions in three soybean fields, from 2003 to 2006.3 We demonstrate that an exponential growth model, with r decreasing linearly with time, gives a much better description of A. glycines dynamics for all datasets (R2 = 0.94–0.99) than the exponential (R2 = 0.42–0.98) or logistic growth models (R2 = 0.77–0.99). Furthermore, it is shown by cross‐validation that the exponential model with decreasing r can be used to make population predictions, as shown by the coefficient of prediction, ranging from 0.55 to 0.97. An improved fit of the model was obtained using both aphid () and soybean () degree‐days scales, indicating temperature effects on the phenological time scale for the decrease in r.4 Our model suggests important bottom‐up control of A. glycines population growth, which may interact with other mortality factors. The generality and potential applications of these results are discussed.