bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competencies: From Deconstruction to Reconstruction and Back Again, Lessons Learned
Authors: Leach David C. 
Published: July 2008

I address the potential impact of the Association of Schools of Public Health’s development of a competency model for the graduate Master of Public Health. I reflect on the model in relation to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education’s adoption of a competency-based model for medical education. Six lessons learned by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education that the Association of Schools of Public Health might consider in moving forward are how learning outcomes can be enhanced by using competency models, the effect of competency development processes in “creating a common language” among educators, the benefits and challenges of numerous competencies within a model, the usefulness of the Dreyfus model for progressive competency development, the need for multiple assessment tools used over time, and the value of learning portfolios.
Psychosocial Antecedents and Adverse Health Consequences Related to Substance Use
Authors: Brook Judith S. , Saar Naomi S. , Zhang Chenshu , Brook David W. 
Published: July 2008

Objectives. We examined the relationship between psychosocial antecedents in earlier adolescence and problems related to substance use and related adverse health consequence (e.g., respiratory diseases, neurocognitive symptoms, and general malaise) in adulthood. We specifically focused on parent–child bonding in earlier adolescence and internalizing behaviors in later adolescence and their effects on problems related to substance use in the mid-20s and health problems in the mid-30s. Methods. Our team interviewed a community-based sample of 502 participants over a 30-year period (1975, 1983, 1985–1986, 1997, 2002, and 2005). Results. We found a strong relationship between internalizing behaviors in later adolescence and adverse health consequences in the mid-30s. Internalizing behaviors in later adolescence served as a mediator between low parent–child bonding in earlier adolescence and later adverse health consequences. Problems related to substance use in the late 20s and early 30s were related directly to later adverse health consequences and indirectly as mediators between earlier psychosocial difficulties (i.e., internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, poor ego integration, and maladaptive coping) and later adverse health consequences. Conclusions. Policies and programs that address parent–child bonding and internalizing behaviors should be created to reduce problems related to substance use and, ultimately, later health problems.
Blue‐Emitting Cationic Iridium Complexes with 2‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine as the Ancillary Ligand for Efficient Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: He Lei , Duan Lian , Qiao Juan , Wang Ruji , Wei Peng , Wang Liduo , Qiu Yong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo blue‐emitting cationic iridium complexes with 2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (pzpy) as the ancillary ligands, namely, [Ir(ppy)2(pzpy)]PF6 and [Ir(dfppy)2(pzpy)]PF6 (ppy is 2‐phenylpyridine, dfppy is 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl) pyridine, and PF6− is hexafluorophosphate), have been prepared, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties have been investigated. In CH3CN solutions, [Ir(ppy)2(pzpy)]PF6 emits blue‐green light (475 nm), which is blue‐shifted by more than 100 nm with respect to the typical cationic iridium complex [Ir(ppy)2(dtb‐bpy)]PF6 (dtb‐bpy is 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine); [Ir(dfppy)2(pzpy)]PF6 with fluorine‐substituted cyclometalated ligands shows further blue‐shifted light emission (451 nm). Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the emissions are mainly from the ligand‐centered 3π–π* states of the cyclometalated ligands (ppy or dfppy). Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on [Ir(ppy)2(pzpy)]PF6 gave green‐blue electroluminescence (486 nm) and had a relatively high efficiency of 4.3 cd A−1 when an ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was added into the light‐emitting layer. LECs based on [Ir(dfppy)2(pzpy)]PF6 gave blue electroluminescence (460 nm) with CIE (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage) coordinates of (0.20, 0.28), which is the bluest light emission for iTMCs‐based LECs reported so far. Our work suggests that using diimine ancillary ligands involving electron‐donating nitrogen atoms (like pzpy) is an efficient strategy to turn the light emission of cationic iridium complexes to the blue region.
Ceric ammonium sulfate/sodium disulfite initiated grafting of acrylamide on to Cassia reticulata seed gum
Authors: Singh Vandana , Tiwari Ashutosh , Singh Shailendra Pratap , Kumari Premlata , Tiwari Stuti 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCeric ammonium sulfate/sodium disulfite redox system was evaluated for the poly(acrylamide) (PAM) grafting on to Cassia reticulata (CR) seed gum. Grafting conditions were optimized and the maximum %Grafting (%G) and %Efficiency (%E) achieved were 152 and 97.2%, respectively, using [disulfite] 0.005M; [ceric ammonium sulfate] 0.026M; [acrylamide] 0.11M; [gum] 0.125 g/25mL at 40 ± 0.2°C. Representative CR‐grafted gum (CRPAM) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Under identical conditions, the redox initiator could result 142.6 %G and 91.2 %E on to guar gum (GG). Various physical properties of the CR gum/grafted CR gum, such as viscosity, water retention, and saline retention, were studied and compared with GG/grafted GG to find out the potential industrial use of CR gum and PAM‐grafted‐CR gum. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Foam sandwich composites with cyanate ester based syntactic foam as core and carbon‐cyanate ester as skin: Processing and properties
Authors: John Bibin , Reghunadhan Nair C. P. , Mathew Dona , Ninan K. N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFoam sandwich composites were processed using cyanate ester‐based syntactic foam as core and carbon fabric‐cyanate ester composite as skin. They were processed by a one‐step compression‐molding technique. The mechanical performance of the sandwich composites was evaluated in terms of flatwise tensile strength (FTS), flatwise compressive strength, and edgewise compressive strength. The dependency of these properties on the core composition was investigated. FTS initially increased with the increase in resin content of the syntactic foam core. However, higher resin content in the core led to a diminution in FTS due to high void content. The flatwise compressive strength and edgewise compressive strength and the corresponding moduli values showed an increasing trend with increase in resin content of the core despite the presence of voids at high resin content. The failure modes of the composites under different loading conditions have been examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Tribological properties of bismaleimide composites with surface‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Hongxia , Li Pengbo , Ning Rongchang , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Zengping 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles was modified by silane coupling agent N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐γ‐aminopropylmethyl dimethoxy silane. The bismaleimide nanocomposites with surface‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles or unmodified SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the same casting method. The tribological performance of the nanocomposites was studied on an M‐200 friction and wear tester. The results indicated that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles could decrease the frictional coefficient and the wear rate of the composites. The nanocomposites with surface‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles showed better wear resistance and lower frictional coefficient than that with the unmodified nanoparticles SiO2. The specific wear rate and the steady frictional coefficient of the composite with 1.0 wt % surface‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles are only 1.8 × 10−6 mm3/N m and 0.21, respectively. The dispersion of surface‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles in resin matrix was observed with transmission electron microscope, and the worn surfaces of pure resin matrix and the nanocomposites were observed with scanning electron microscope. The different tribological behavior of the resin matrix and the filled composites should be dependent on their different mechanical properties and wear mechanism. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Coronary Vasospasm Produces Reversible Perfusion Defects Observed During Adenosine Triphosphate Stress Myocardial Single‐photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Teragawa Hiroki , Ueda Kentaro , Okuhara Koichiro , Kuwashima Rieko , Fukuda Yukihiro , Kiguchi Masao , Taniguchi Kingo , Higashi Yukihito , Oshima Tetsuya , Yoshizumi Masao , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundAdenosine triphosphate stress thallium‐201 single‐photon emission computed tomography (ATP‐SPECT) is useful for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), although sometimes false positive results are observed. It has not been established whether a coronary spasm is responsible for the false positive findings during ATP‐SPECT.HypothesisWe investigated whether coronary spasm is one of the factors which produces reversible defects on ATP‐SPECT.MethodsEighty‐six patients (mean age: 62 y; 58 men) who underwent both spasm‐provocation testing by coronary angiography and ATP‐SPECT, were selected for the study. Patients with coronary narrowing (>30%), myocardial infarction, or heart failure were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether the spasm‐provocation test result was positive (vasospastic angina [VSA] group, n = 46) or negative (non‐VSA group, n = 39).ResultsThe body mass index was lower in the VSA group than in the non‐VSA group (p = 0.005). On ATP‐SPECT imaging, any type of reversible defect was observed more frequently in the VSA group (68%) than in the non‐VSA group (36%, p = 0.0027). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of reversible defects was one of the factors accounting for the presence of coronary vasospasm (p = 0.0022, R2 = 0.172).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that reversible defects on ATP‐SPECT imaging are frequently present in patients with coronary vasospasm. Coronary spasm may be considered as 1 of the factors, which produce reversible defects on ATP‐SPECT, observed in patients with chest symptoms and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for analyzing human sperm DNA fragmentation by TUNEL labeling
Authors: Muratori Monica , Forti Gianni , Baldi Elisabetta 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConflicting results are reported by recent studies comparing flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay. Each of the two technologies has specific peculiarities and limitations, but whereas the limitations of FM observation are well known, the biases due to the inability of FCM to recognize morphologically analyzed cells are less explored. In particular, so far, FCM analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation have included in the analyses M540 bodies, round semen structures exhibiting FSC/SSC properties similar to sperm. Semen M540 bodies, altogether with the occurrence of two sperm populations with different nuclear staining, concur to an underestimation of values of sperm DNA fragmentation by FCM. However, even considering such bias, the observed discrepancies between the performance of FM and FCM are not fully explained. We discuss here the possible variables that may affect the results of each of the two technologies and the necessary efforts to be taken to address this issue. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Monotherapy with Pegylated Interferon Alpha‐2a in Hemodialyzed Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Zoppoli Gabriele , Di Maio Giovanni , Artioli Stefania , Robaudo Cristina , Basso Monica , Torre Francesco , Cannella Giuseppe , Picciotto Antonino 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn our pilot study, we aimed to treat a group of HCV‐infected HD patients with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) alpha‐2a, a new and potentially efficacious therapeutic possibility.METHODSWe treated 10 consecutively enrolled chronic hepatitis C hemodialysis (HD) patients (5 men, 5 women; ages 31‐70 years; 7 with genotypes 1‐4, 3 with genotypes 2‐3) with PEG‐IFN alpha‐2a (135 μg/week) for 24 weeks (genotypes 2‐3) or for 48 weeks (genotypes 1‐4). Primary end points were sustained viral response (SVR) rate and safety and tolerability profiles. Secondary end points were rapid response (after 12 weeks of treatment), and response at the end of therapy.RESULTSViral load reduction was observed in all the patients after 12 weeks of treatment. Seven were HCV‐RNA negative and continued therapy. Five patients dropped out before the completion of therapy because of significant adverse events (pancytopenia, severe weight loss). PEG‐IFN alpha‐2a was reduced to 90 μg/week in 5 patients within the first 4 weeks of therapy. Overall, SVR was 20% at the end of follow‐up.CONCLUSIONPEG‐IFN alpha‐2a is efficacious in inducing a fast virological response (12 weeks of therapy) in 70% of HCV‐infected HD patients and a considerable fall in liver cytolysis enzymes blood values. The use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for neutropenia, starting with lower initial doses of PEG‐IFN alpha‐2a (e.g., 90 μg/week) or in combination with ribavirin, after appropriate dose adjustment studies, should be evaluated in randomized prospective studies.
Medication Side Effects: Barriers to the Management of Fluid Intake
Authors: Iacono Steven A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractManaging fluid intake can be complicated and stressful for hemodialysis patients. It is known that excessive interdialytic weight gain greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and death. Research has tried to identify individual characteristics and motives to explain why certain patients fail to adhere to their fluid restrictions. In addition to intrinsic causes, external barriers also may impede compliance. Numerous medications frequently prescribed to the hemodialysis population are known to have negative side effects, such as dry mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Homeostasis can be difficult to achieve when a patient has to constantly deal with these symptoms. This article reviews medications commonly used in hemodialysis and the side effects they have that may affect fluid management.
Homer proteins shape Xenopus optic tectal cell dendritic arbor development in vivo
Authors: Van Keuren‐Jensen Kendall R. , Cline Hollis T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConsiderable evidence suggests that the Homer family of scaffolding proteins contributes to synaptic organization and function. We investigated the role of both Homer 1b, the constitutively expressed, and developmentally regulated form of Homer, and Homer 1a, the activity‐induced immediate early gene, in dendritic arbor elaboration and synaptic function of developing Xenopus optic tectal neurons. We expressed exogenous Homer 1a or Homer 1b in developing Xenopus tectal neurons. By collecting in vivo time lapse images of individual, EGFP‐labeled and Homer‐expressing neurons over 3 days, we found that Homer 1b leads to a significant decrease in dendritic arbor growth rate and arbor size. Synaptic transmission was also altered in developing neurons transfected with Homer 1b. Cells expressing exogenous Homer 1b over 3 days had a significantly greater AMPA to NMDA ratios, and increased AMPA mEPSC frequency. These data suggest that increasing Homer 1b expression increases excitatory synaptic inputs, increases synaptic maturation, and slows dendritic arbor growth rate. Exogenous Homer 1a expression increases AMPA mEPSC frequency, but did not significantly affect tectal cell dendritic arbor development. Changes in the ratio of Homer 1a to Homer 1b may signal the neuron that overall activity levels in the cell have changed, and this in turn could affect protein interactions at the synapse, synaptic transmission, and structural development of the dendritic arbor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Chronic anorexia nervosa: A Delphi study to explore practitioners' views
Authors: Tierney Stephanie , Fox John R.E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:Anorexia nervosa (AN) can be an enduring condition. Increasing interest in the treatment of long‐term cases has occurred over the recent years. This study explored healthcare practitioners' views of what constitutes a case of chronic AN and their opinions of its treatment.Method:A Delphi study was conducted, involving members of specialist groups for professionals with an interest in eating disorders and delegates from a conference about enduring AN.Results:Participants reached agreement and consensus on factors relating to weight, behaviors, and cognitions in cases of chronic AN, but did not for the importance of duration and number of treatment attempts. Adopting a supportive, co‐ordinated, and eclectic approach was considered important in the care of these patients.Conclusion:Results suggest that chronic AN is not an easy term to define and that a rehabilitative model for working with this patient group may be required. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Factors associated with improvements in readiness for change: Low vs. normal BMI eating disorders
Authors: Geller Josie , Cassin Stephanie E. , Brown Krista E. , Srikameswaran Suja 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine factors associated with improvements in readiness for change as a function of body mass index (BMI) in individuals assessed for eating disorders treatment.Method:Participants (n = 128) completed the Readiness and Motivation Interview (RMI) and measures of psychiatric and eating disorder symptoms, quality of life, and self‐esteem at baseline and at 5‐month follow‐up.Results:Participants whose readiness for change showed improvements in psychiatric symptom severity, global self‐esteem, and in the importance of friendships as a determinant of self‐esteem. Only those with a normal baseline BMI (20 kg/m2 or greater) improved in eating disorder symptoms and quality of life, and reported increased importance of personal development and decreased importance of shape and weight as determinants of self‐esteem.Conclusion:Correlates of readiness differed between low and normal BMI participants, suggesting that weight status may be an important variable to consider in preparing highly ambivalent individuals for treatment. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Fundamental study of the development of a transformer with low‐viscosity silicone liquid
Authors: Yamagishi Akira , Kojima Hiroaki , Morooka Hisashi , Sugawa Osami , Sampei Hiroyuki , Miyagi Katsunori 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSilicone liquid is less flammable and produces less environmental pollution compared with mineral oil. Applicability of 20‐cSt silicone liquid to transformers was investigated from the viewpoints of insulation, cooling performance, and the less‐flammability evaluation. The results showed that the basic characteristics of 20‐cSt silicone liquid were verified in application to a less‐flammable transformer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 21–28, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20483
Information filtering using latent semantics
Authors: Yokoi Takeru , Yanagimoto Hidekazu , Omatu Sigeru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe propose an information filtering system using latent semantics obtained by Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Document vectors usually have too many elements. Thus, we are obliged to spend much time applying the ICA for the document vectors. To solve this problem, the present method combines the SVD which is often used for decreasing dimension and the ICA. Before applying the ICA, we represent documents with singular vectors obtained by the SVD. We measure processing times to carry out the ICA without the SVD and the proposed method for comparison of these methods. In addition, we construct a user profile in space consisting of latent semantics obtained by the present method, and discuss accuracy of recommendation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 53–59, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20564
Unusual Reactions Between Aromatic Carbon Supernucleophiles and 1,2‐Diazabuta‐1,3‐dienes: Useful Routes to New Pyrazolone and Cinnoline Derivatives
Authors: Forlani Luciano , Attanasi Orazio A. , Boga Carla , De Crescentini Lucia , Del Vecchio Erminia , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio , Tozzi Silvia , Zanna Nicola 
Published: July 2008

AbstractReactions between 1,3,5‐tris(dialkylamino)benzenes and 1,2‐diazabuta‐1,3‐dienes produce semicarbazone derivatives through attack of the supernucleophile aromatic carbon atom at the terminal carbon atom of the heterodiene reagent. The strong activation of the aromatic ring due to the presence of the three amino groups in a symmetrical relationship promotes electrophilic aromatic substitution by the neutral carbon atom of the electrophile. The resulting semicarbazones, in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide, mainly afford pyrazolone derivatives, whereas in THF in the presence of sodium methoxide an unusual cyclization reaction produces cinnoline derivatives as the major products. Both cyclization reaction mechanisms are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Why NH3 is not a candidate reagent for ambient CO2 fixation: A response to “Alternative solution to global warming arising from CO2 emissions—Partial neutralization of tropospheric H2CO3 with NH3”
Authors: Johnson Martin T. , Vaughan Naomi E. , Goodwin Philip , Goldblatt Colin , Roudesli Sonia , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt has been proposed that application of urea, or ammonium sulfate (plus lime) to nonagricultural land to evolve ammonia may provide a “solution” to increasing CO2 concentrations by neutralizing atmospheric carbonic acid to ammonium bicarbonate at ambient concentrations and subsequent storage in the surface ocean (Apak [2007]: Environmental Progress 26, 355–359). We identify a series of major flaws in this hypothesis, which indicate that the approach is unfeasible and would not succeed if attempted at any scale: (i) The phenomenal energy cost associated with breaking the NN bond and evolving H2 for NH3 production (and associated fossil fuel CO2 emissions under the current energy generation market); (ii) the radiative forcing associated with substantially increasing the concentration of ammonia in the atmosphere, and (iii) a number of unwanted indirect effects, including eutrophication, enhanced N2O emissions, and the inhibition of the oxidation of strong greenhouse gases such as methane in the atmosphere. We strongly urge future efforts to be directed away from this approach and suggest that engagement with the climate, earth‐system, and biogeochemistry communities is essential when putting forward ideas for potential geoengineering approaches to mitigate global climate change. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008