bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo acute treatment with trimethyltin chloride causes neuronal degeneration in the murine olfactory bulb and anterior olfactory nucleus by different cascades in each region
Authors: Kawada Koichi , Yoneyama Masanori , Nagashima Reiko , Ogita Kiyokazu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOur earlier study demonstrated that in vivo acute treatment with trimethyltin chloride (TMT) produces severe neuronal damage in the dentate gyrus and cognition impairment in mice. In the present study, we assessed whether TMT was capable of causing neuronal degeneration in the olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) of the mouse brain. An intraperitoneal injection of TMT at the dose of 2.8 mg/kg led to a dramatic increase in the number of degenerating cells, which were reactive with antibody against single‐stranded DNA, in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the OB and AON 1 day and 2 days later, respectively. TMT treatment produced a marked translocation of phospho‐c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the AON. Expectedly, a marked increase in phospho‐c‐Jun‐positive cells was seen in the AON after the treatment. In addition to the AON, the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb showed the presence of phospho‐c‐Jun‐positive cells after the treatment. However, the GCL had no cells positive for either phospho‐c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase or phospho‐c‐Jun at any time after the treatment with TMT. Similarly, TMT‐induced nuclear translocation of the lysosomal enzyme deoxyribonuclease II was seen in the AON, but not in the GCL. On the other hand, TMT elicited the expression of activated caspase 3 in the GCL but not in the AON. Taken together, our results suggest that TMT is capable of causing neuronal degeneration in the murine OB and AON through different cascades in the two structures. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of polyamines transport through liquid membranes with D2EHPA as a carrier
Authors: Dziarkowska Katarzyna , Koprek Katarzyna , Wieczorek Piotr P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe transport of polyamines through the liquid membranes with di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was investigated. The study was performed in three main steps: liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), bulk liquid membrane (BLM) extraction, and supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction. Equilibrium distribution experiments allowed determining the extraction constants and stoichiometric coefficients for each polyamine. It turned out that one amino group binds two molecules of carrier (one D2EHPA dimer) and the extractability of polyamine rises with the increase in number of function groups in the molecule. The BLM and SLM experiments showed that despite considerable differences in distribution ratio between various polyamines the extraction efficiencies for all of them are very approximate. The smaller diamines compensate the lowest affinity to membrane phase with faster interface reaction kinetics and higher diffusivity. Finally, the SLM extraction conditions were optimized. The main parameters that influence the transport are the pH of the donor and acceptor phases. The extraction efficiencies obtained for polyamines are high (80–90%) and give hope for an application in bioanalytical chemistry.
Comparison of high performance TLC and HPLC for separation and quantification of chlorogenic acid in green coffee bean extracts
Authors: Urakova Irina N. , Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Shikov Alexander N. , Kosman Vera M. , Makarov Valery G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo chromatographic methods, high‐performance TLC (HPTLC) and HPLC, were developed and used for separation and quantitative determination of chlorogenic acid in green coffee bean extracts. For HPTLC silica gel Kieselgel 60 F 254 plates with ethyl acetate/dichlormethane/formic acid/acetic acid/water (100:25:10:10:11, v/v/v/v/v) as mobile phase were used. Densitometric determination of chlorogenic acid by HPTLC was performed at 330 nm. A gradient RP HPLC method was carried out at 330 nm. All necessary validation tests for both methods were developed for their comparison. There were no statistically significant differences between HPLC and HPTLC for quantitative determination of chlorogenic acid according to the test of equality of the means.
Different choices of scaling in homogenization of diffusion and interfacial exchange in a porous medium
Authors: Peter Malte A. , Böhm Michael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral choices of scaling are investigated for a coupled system of parabolic partial differential equations in a two‐phase medium at the microscopic scale. This system may be regarded as modelling a reaction–diffusion problem, the Stokes problem of single‐phase flow of a slightly compressible fluid or as a heat conduction problem (with or without interfacial resistance), for example. It is shown that, starting with the same problem on the microscopic scale, different choices of scaling of the diffusion coefficients (resp. permeability or conductivity) and the interfacial‐exchange coefficient lead to different types of macroscopic systems of equations. The characterization of the limit problems in terms of the scaling parameters constitutes a modelling tool because it allows to determine the right type of limit problem. New macroscopic models, not previously dealt with, arise and, for some scalings, classical macroscopic models are recovered. Using the method of two‐scale convergence, a unified approach yielding rigorous proofs is given covering a very broad class of different scalings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Xanthate‐Based Transfer Agents on Styrene Emulsion Polymerization: Mathematical Modeling and Model Validation
Authors: Altarawneh Ibrahem S. , Gomes Vincent G. , Srour Mourtada S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA mathematical model was developed to account for the evolution of polymer product attributes in the emulsion polymerization of styrene. The effects of transfer agent, surfactant, initiator and temperature were investigated. Polymerization rate, $\overline M _{\rm n}$ and particle size decreased with increasing concentration of the transfer agent. The polymerization rate increased with increasing surfactant and initiator concentrations, while an increase in temperature led to a decrease of molecular weight but an increase of polymerization rate and particle size. Chain extension was successfully achieved in the presence of our RAFT agent. The model predictions compared well with our experimental results.magnified image
3D magnetization prepared elliptical centric fast gradient echo imaging
Authors: Lin Chen , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract3D magnetization‐prepared fast gradient echo MR sequences, such as MP‐RAGE and IR‐SPGR, provide good spatial resolution and gray‐white contrast. The efficiency and image quality of these techniques can be further improved with an interleaved, recessed elliptical centric view order. It is shown that this novel acquisition strategy, along with skipping the acquisition of views ink‐space corners can provide images with higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), while reducing artifact level and scan time compared to standard MP‐RAGE. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies
Authors: Hertzog Melody A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere is little published guidance concerning how large a pilot study should be. General guidelines, for example using 10% of the sample required for a full study, may be inadequate for aims such as assessment of the adequacy of instrumentation or providing statistical estimates for a larger study. This article illustrates how confidence intervals constructed around a desired or anticipated value can help determine the sample size needed. Samples ranging in size from 10 to 40 per group are evaluated for their adequacy in providing estimates precise enough to meet a variety of possible aims. General sample size guidelines by type of aim are offered. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:180–191, 2008
Translocation or membrane disintegration? Implication of peptide–membrane interactions in pep‐1 activity
Authors: Henriques Sónia Troeira , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Cell membrane is impermeable for most peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Moreover, some cationic peptides, the so‐called cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs), are able to translocate across the membrane. This observation has attracted much attention because these peptides can be covalently coupled to different macromolecules, which are efficiently delivered inside the cell. The mechanism used by these peptides to pass across the membrane is a controversial matter of debate. It has been suggested that endocytosis is the main mechanism of internalization and this was confirmed by several studies for different peptides. Pep‐1 is an exception worthy of attention for its ability to translocate cargo macromolecules without the need to be covalently attached to them. A preferential internalization by an endocytosis‐independent mechanism was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Pep‐1 has a high affinity to lipidic membranes, it is able to insert and induce local destabilization in the lipidic bilayer, although without pore formation. No cytotoxic effects were found for pep‐1 concentrations where translocation is fully operative. At much higher concentrations, membrane disintegration takes place by a detergent‐like mechanism that resembles anti‐microbial peptide activity. In this review, the ability of pep‐1 to transverse the membrane by an endocytosis‐independent mechanism, not mediated by pores as well as an ability to induce membrane disintegration at high peptide concentration, is demonstrated. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative microstructure characterization of self‐annealed copper films with electron backscatter diffraction
Authors: Pantleon Karen , Gholinia Ali , Somers Marcel A. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was applied to analyze cross sections of self‐annealed copper electrodeposits, for which earlier the kinetics of self‐annealing had been investigated byin‐situX‐ray diffraction (XRD). The EBSD investigations on the grain size, grain boundary character and crystallographic texture of copper films with different thicknesses essentially supplement results fromin‐situXRD. Twin relations between neighboring grains were identified from the orientation maps and the observed twin chains confirm multiple twinning in copper electrodeposits as the mechanism of microstructure evolution at room temperature (self‐annealing). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman mode shifts correlated with conductivity and Young's modulus changes in modified carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Skákalová V. , Kaiser A. B. , Roth S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have discovered a remarkable correlation between frequency shifts in G+, D and D* Raman modes and changes in the conductivity and Young's modulus of freestanding single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks. On ion irradiation, all these properties show similar peaks as a function of irradiation dose. On acceptor doping that increases conductivity, increases are also observed in the Raman mode frequencies that are analogous to the irradiation effects. We discuss possible mechanisms for these correlated changes in properties. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron transfer dissociation in the hexapole collision cell of a hybrid quadrupole‐hexapole Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer
Authors: Kaplan Desmond A. , Hartmer Ralf , Speir J. Paul , Stoermer Carsten , Gumerov Dmitry , Easterling Michael L. , Brekenfeld Andreas , Kim Taeman , Laukien Frank , Park Melvin A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractElectron transfer dissociation (ETD) of proteins is demonstrated in a hybrid quadrupole‐hexapole Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (Qh‐FTICRMS). Analyte ions are selected in the mass analyzing quadrupole, accumulated in the hexapole linear ion trap, reacted with fluoranthene reagent anions, and then analyzed via an FTICR mass analyzer. The hexapole trap allows for a broad fragment ion mass range and a high ion storage capacity. Using a 3 T FTICRMS, resolutions of 60 000 were achieved with mass accuracies averaging below 1.4 ppm. The high resolution, high mass accuracy ETD spectra provided by FTICR obviates the need for proton transfer reaction (PTR) charge state reduction of ETD product ions when analyzing proteins or large peptides. This is demonstrated with the ETD of ubiquitin and apomyoglobin yielding sequence coverages of 37 and 20%, respectively. We believe this represents the first reported successful combination of ETD and a FTICRMS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulins in equine urine: qualitative analysis by immunoaffinity purification and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for doping control purposes in horse‐racing
Authors: Kuuranne Tiia , Thomas Andreas , Leinonen Antti , Delahaut Philippe , Bosseloir Alan , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInsulin is a peptide hormone consisting of two peptide chains (A‐ and B‐chain) that are cross‐linked by two disulfide bonds. To obtain improved pharmacokinetic onset of action profiles of insulin treatment in diabetic patients, recombinant long‐, intermediate‐, and rapid‐acting insulin analogs are produced, in which the C‐terminal end of the B‐chain plays an especially important role.A review of the veterinary literature reveals the low prevalence of equine type I diabetes mellitus, which indicates that the therapeutic use of insulin in racing horses is unlikely. Although there is no unequivocal evidence of an overall performance‐enhancing effect of insulin, in human sports the misuse of insulin preparations is reported among elite athletes. The desired effects of insulin include the increase of muscular glycogen prior to sports event or during the recovery phase, in addition to a chalonic action, which increases the muscle size by inhibiting protein breakdown.In the present study urinary insulin was detected in equine samples and differences between equine insulin, human insulin, as well as rapidly acting recombinant insulin variants were examined. The method was based on sample purification by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), and subsequent analysis by microbore liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using top‐down sequencing for the determination of various insulins. Product ion scan experiments of intact proteins and B‐chains enabled the differentiation between endogenously produced equine insulin, its DesB30 metabolite, human insulin and recombinant insulin analogs, and the assay allowed the assignment of individual product ions, especially those originating from modified C‐termini of B‐chains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Cleavable Aryl Sulfonate Anionic Surfactants and a Study of their Surface Activity
Authors: Chen Lin , Hu Zhiyong , Zhu Hailin , Xue Zhuanru 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA series of cleavable aryl sulfonate anionic surfactants were synthesized from cyanuric chloride, aliphatic amine and H‐acid mono sodium salt. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR, Infrared Spectrum (IR) and Elementary Analysis (EA). Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in aqueous solutions at 25 °C were determined by a steady‐state fluorescence probe method and a surface‐tension method. With the increasing length of the carbon chain, the value of their CMCs and surface tensions under CMC (γCMC) initially decreased and then reached a minimum (respectively 2.63 × 10−5 mol L−1 and 28.29 mN m−1) when the carbon number was 10. The CMC and γCMC then increased when the carbon number was increased to 12. The results showed that, compared with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), such kinds of surfactants have much lower surface adsorption amounts and greater molecular areas on the aqueous surface.
Evaluating the Evidence: Web Sites
Authors: Hoss Brenda , Hanson Diane 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTEVIDENCE‐BASED PRACTICE (EBP) is essential to improving patient safety and the effectiveness of health care practices, but a lack of computer literacy can hinder access to and availability of EBP in the clinical setting.ACCURATE EVALUATION of web site content is essential, including determining bias, validity, and fit to a patient population.METHODS TO EVALUATE WEB SITES and techniques for efficient access to web resources are presented and discussed. AORN J 87 (January 2008) 124‐141. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
SOME $\mathbb{Z}_{n-1}$ TERRACES FROM $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ POWER-SEQUENCES, $n$ BEING AN ODD PRIME POWER
Authors: Anderson Ian , Preece D. A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA terrace for $\mathbb{Z}_m$ is a particular type of sequence formed from the $m$ elements of $\mathbb{Z}_m$. For $m$ odd, many procedures are available for constructing power-sequence terraces for $\mathbb{Z}_m$; each terrace of this sort may be partitioned into segments, of which one contains merely the zero element of $\mathbb{Z}_m$, whereas every other segment is either a sequence of successive powers of an element of $\mathbb{Z}_m$ or such a sequence multiplied throughout by a constant. We now refine this idea to show that, for $m=n-1$, where $n$ is an odd prime power, there are many ways in which power-sequences in $\mathbb{Z}_n$ can be used to arrange the elements of $\mathbb{Z}_n\setminus\{0\}$ in a sequence of distinct entries $i$, $1\le i\le m$, usually in two or more segments, which becomes a terrace for $\mathbb{Z}_m$ when interpreted modulo $m$ instead of modulo $n$. Our constructions provide terraces for $\mathbb{Z}_{n-1}$ for all prime powers $n$ satisfying $0\ltn\lt300$ except for $n=125$, $127$ and $257$.
ALGEBRA HOMOMORPHISMS FROM REAL WEIGHTED $L^1$ ALGEBRAS
Authors: Miana Pedro J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe characterize algebra homomorphisms from the Lebesgue algebra $L^1_\omega(\mathbb{R})$ into a Banach algebra $\mathcal{A}$. As a consequence of this result, every bounded algebra homomorphism $\varPhi:L^1_\omega(\mathbb{R})\to\mathcal{A}$ is approached through a uniformly bounded family of fractional homomorphisms, and the Hille–Yosida theorem for $C_0$-groups is proved.
ON OPERATORS CAUCHY DUAL TO 2-HYPEREXPANSIVE OPERATORS
Authors: Chavan Sameer 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe operator Cauchy dual to a $2$-hyperexpansive operator $T$, given by $T'\equiv T(T^*T)^{-1}$, turns out to be a hyponormal contraction. This simple observation leads to a structure theorem for the $C^*$-algebra generated by a $2$-hyperexpansion, and a version of the Berger–Shaw theorem for $2$-hyperexpansions.As an application of the hyperexpansivity version of the Berger–Shaw theorem, we show that every analytic $2$-hyperexpansive operator with finite-dimensional cokernel is unitarily equivalent to a compact perturbation of a unilateral shift.
MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR A QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC VARIATIONAL SYSTEM ON STRIP-LIKE DOMAINS
Authors: Cammaroto F. , Chinní A. , Di Bella B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe consider the quasilinear elliptic variational system\begin{alignat*} {2} -\Delta_pu\amp=\lambda F_u(x,u,v)+\mu H_u(x,u,v) \quad\amp \amp\text{in }\varOmega, \\ -\Delta_qv\amp=\lambda F_v(x,u,v)+\mu H_v(x,u,v) \amp \amp \text{in }\varOmega, \\ u\amp=v=0 \amp \amp \text{on }\partial\varOmega, \end{alignat*}where $\varOmega$ is a strip-like domain and $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are positive parameters. Using a recent two-local-minima theorem and the principle of symmetric criticality, existence and multiplicity are proved under suitable conditions on $F$.
INTERPOLATION METHODS DEFINED BY MEANS OF POLYGONS AND COMPACT OPERATORS
Authors: Fernández-Cabrera Luz M. , Martínez Antón 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe work with interpolation methods for $N$-tuples of Banach spaces associated with polygons. We compare necessary conditions for interpolating closed operator ideals with conditions required to interpolate compactness. We also establish a formula for the measure of non-compactness of interpolated operators.
Loss of nitrogen and carbon during storage of the fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry and influence on nitrogen availability
Authors: PETERSEN J. , SØRENSEN P. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYManure production in the most livestock-intensive areas exceeds the crop demand for nutrients and legislative restrictions on application rate cause a shortage of land for manure application. Export of nutrients in the fibrous fraction of separated animal slurry has become an option for sustaining or increasing livestock production in livestock-intensive areas. The nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) losses during on-farm storage of the fibrous fraction, originating from separation of anaerobically digested pig slurry using the non-volatile elements phosphorus (P), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as internal references, were calculated. In addition, the plant availability of N in fresh and stored fibrous fractions was evaluated in an incubation experiment. The losses of N and C were greater from the heap surface than from the centre, and turning the heap by reloading for transport increased the losses. The proportion of ammonium N, total N and C lost during storage of the fibrous fraction was 0·30–0·90, 0·10–0·55 and 0·35–0·70 of the initial amount, respectively. Storage reduced the plant-available N and the amount of residual organic N, thereby having long-term influence on soil fertility. The plant-available N in fresh fibrous fractions was 0·22–0·52 of total N, but decreased to 0·15–0·38 after storage due to a decrease of the Nammonium:Ntotal ratio during storage. The net mineralization of manure N was negatively related to the Ctotal:Norganic ratio. The fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry may be characterized as a manure with a high potential for loss and a variable value as fertilizer.
VICTORIANS LIVE
Authors: Sussman Herbert 
Published: January 2008

Victorians Liveexamines the afterlife of the Victorians, the ways that Victorian literature and culture remain alive, continue to live in our own day.“‘Modern Life’ – with a Vengeance”: William Powell Frith at the Guildhall Art GalleryTIMOTHY BARRINGERBirth of the BestsellerHERBERT SUSSMAN
Are Trauma Memories Disjointed from other Autobiographical Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Kleim Birgit , Wallott Franziska , Ehlers Anke 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that trauma memories are disjointed from other autobiographical material in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Assault survivors with (n = 25) and without PTSD (n = 49) completed an autobiographical memory retrieval task during script-driven imagery of (a) the assault and (b) an unrelated negative event. When listening to a taped imagery script of the worst moment of their assault, survivors with PTSD took longer to retrieve unrelated non-traumatic autobiographical information than those without PTSD, but not when listening to a taped script of the worst moment of another negative life event. The groups also did not differ in general retrieval latencies, neither at baseline nor after the imagery tasks. The findings are in line with suggestions that traumatic memories are less integrated with other autobiographical information in trauma survivors with PTSD than in those without PTSD.