bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mice lacking the Obox6 homeobox gene undergo normal early embryonic development and are fertile
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Cheng , Hsieh‐Li Hsiu Mei , Yeh Yu‐Jung , Li Hung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObox6 is a member of the Obox (oocyte‐specific homeobox) gene family. The Obox6 gene was isolated from the mouse two‐cell embryonic cDNA library. Using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found Obox6 is expressed exclusively in early embryonic stages and exhibits an elevated expression from the two‐cell stage to the morula stage. The gene is thought to be involved in early embryogenesis. To study the function of Obox6 in early embryogenesis, we generated Obox6 mutant mice using a gene targeting strategy. Obox6 mutant mice with genetic background of C57BL/6J inbred were born according to Mendelian rules without apparent defects. The mutant mice grew without morphological abnormalities and with normal fertility. The lack of an obvious phenotype in Obox6‐null mice and altered RNA levels of some Obox genes raise the possibility that other members of the Obox gene family can compensate for Obox6 function during embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:2636–2642, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Lmo1 as part of a Hox‐dependent regulatory network for hindbrain patterning
Authors: Matis Christelle , Oury Franck , Remacle Sophie , Lampe Xavier , Gofflot Françoise , Picard Jacques J. , Rijli Filippo M. , Rezsohazy René 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe embryonic functions of Hox proteins have been extensively investigated in several animal phyla. These transcription factors act as selectors of developmental programmes, to govern the morphogenesis of multiple structures and organs. However, despite the variety of morphogenetic processes Hox proteins are involved in, only a limited set of their target genes has been identified so far. To find additional targets, we used a strategy based upon the simultaneous overexpression of Hoxa2 and its cofactors Pbx1 and Prep in a cellular model. Among genes whose expression was upregulated, we identified LMO1, which codes for an intertwining LIM‐only factor involved in protein–DNA oligomeric complexes. By analysing its expression in Hox knockout mice, we show that Lmo1 is differentially regulated by Hoxa2 and Hoxb2, in specific columns of hindbrain neuronal progenitors. These results suggest that Lmo1 takes part in a Hox paralogue 2–dependent network regulating anteroposterior and dorsoventral hindbrain patterning. Developmental Dynamics 236:2675–2684, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A challenge for regenerative medicine: Proper genetic programming, not cellular mimicry
Authors: Rizzino Angie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRecent progress in stem cell biology and the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent phenotype has generated a new wave of excitement in regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, efforts aimed at understanding transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation, and the plasticity of cells, as well as the ability of somatic cells to be reprogrammed, has raised as many questions as those that have been answered. This review proffers the argument that many reports of transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation, and unexpected stem cell plasticity may be due to aberrant processes that lead to cellular look‐alikes (cellular mimicry). In most cases, cellular look‐alikes can now be identified readily by monitoring gene expression profiles, as well as epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone proteins of the cells involved. This review further argues that progress in regenerative medicine will be significantly hampered by failing to address the issue of cellular look‐alikes. Developmental Dynamics 236:3199–3207, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Early‐Lanthanide Organometallic Clusters
Authors: Barnea Eyal , Averbuj Claudia , Kapon Moshe , Botoshansky Mark , Eisen Moris S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractReaction of Cp*2NdCl·LiCl·2thf (1) with excess catecholborane affords the hexameric cluster (Cp*NdCl2)6(LiCl)3(thf)3 (2) bearing three types of bridging chloride ions. Heating the reaction mixture affords the tetrameric cluster [(Cp*NdCl2)4(μ4‐Cl)]2[LiO2][LiO2*Li2O*O2] (3), which has the first crystal structure with the LiO2+ motif. Reaction of complex 1 or the analogous Sm complex, 4, with pinacolborane affords clusters 5a (Nd) or 5b (Sm), respectively, a second type of hexameric cluster built from two CpNd3Cl5(thf) units bonded by two μ2‐Cl atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression
Authors: Shingfield Kevin J. , Griinari J. Mikko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFat is the most variable constituent in milk and is reduced on low‐fiber/high‐concentrate diets or on rations containing lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biohydrogenation theory attributes the causal mechanism underlying diet‐induced milk fat depression (MFD) to changes in ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti‐lipogenic effects. Trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only intermediate shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis. However, increases in ruminal trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA formation do not provide a universal explanation for the reductions in milk fat during diet‐induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates may also be involved. Post‐ruminal infusion experiments have provided tentative evidence that cis‐10, trans‐12 CLA and trans‐9, cis‐11 CLA also exert anti‐lipogenic effects. Diet‐induced MFD is consistently associated with an increase in milk fat trans‐10 18:1 concentrations, but recent direct evidence offers little support for a role of this intermediate in the regulation of milk fat synthesis. Further research is required to characterize the structure and function of other biohydrogenation intermediates, as well as considering the contribution of more global changes in ruminal lipid metabolism to provide a more universal explanation of diet‐induced MFD.
Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat
Authors: Chilliard Yves , Glasser Frédéric , Ferlay Anne , Bernard Laurence , Rouel Jacques , Doreau Michel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe potential to modify the milk fatty acid (FA) composition by changing the cow or goat diets is reviewed. Ruminal biohydrogenation (RBH), combined with mammary lipogenic and Δ‐9 desaturation pathways, considerably modifies the profile of dietary FA and thus milk composition. The pasture has major effects by decreasing saturated FA and increasing FA considered as favorable for human health (c9‐18:1, 18:3n‐3 andc9t11‐CLA), compared to winter diets, especially those based on maize silage and concentrates. Plant lipid supplements have effects similar to pasture, especially linseed, but they increase to a larger extent, simultaneously severaltransisomers of 18:1 and, conjugated or non‐conjugated 18:2, especially when added to maize silage or concentrate‐rich diets. The goat responds better for milk 18:3n‐3 andc9t11‐CLA, and sometimes less forc9‐18:1, and is less prone to the RBHtrans‐11 totrans‐10 shift, which has been shown to be time dependent in the cow. The respective physiological roles of most milktransFA have not been studied to date, and more studies in rodents and humans fed dairy products modified by changing ruminant diet are required before recommending a larger use of lipid sources and how to combine them with the different feeding systems used by dairy farmers.
Outlier detection in functional data by depth measures, with application to identify abnormal NOx levels
Authors: Febrero Manuel , Galeano Pedro , González‐Manteiga Wenceslao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper analyzes outlier detection for functional data by means of functional depths, which measures the centrality of a given curve within a group of trajectories providing center‐outward orderings of the set of curves. We give some insights of the usefulness of looking for outliers in functional datasets and propose a method based in depths for the functional outlier detection. The performance of the proposed procedure is analyzed by several Monte Carlo experiments. Finally, we illustrate the procedure by finding outliers in a dataset of NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions taken from a control station near an industrial area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo imaging of brain lesions with [11C]CLINME, a new PET radioligand of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors
Authors: Boutin Hervé , Chauveau Fabien , Thominiaux Cyrille , Kuhnast Bertrand , Grégoire Marie‐Claude , Jan Sébastien , Trebossen Régine , Dollé Frédéric , Tavitian Bertrand , Mattner Filomena , Katsifis Andrew 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is expressed by microglial cells in many neuropathologies involving neuroinflammation. PK11195, the reference compound for PBR, is used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging but has a limited capacity to quantify PBR expression. Here we describe the new PBR ligand CLINME as an alternative to PK11195. In vitro and in vivo imaging properties of [11C]CLINME were studied in a rat model of local acute neuroinflammation, and compared with the reference compound [11C]PK11195, using autoradiography and PET imaging. Immunohistochemistry study was performed to validate the imaging data. [11C]CLINME exhibited a higher contrast between the PBR‐expressing lesion site and the intact side of the same rat brain than [11C]PK11195 (2.14 ± 0.09 vs. 1.62 ± 0.05 fold increase, respectively). The difference was due to a lower uptake for [11C]CLINME than for [11C]PK11195 in the non‐inflammatory part of the brain in which PBR was not expressed, while uptake levels in the lesion were similar for both tracers. Tracer localization correlated well with that of activated microglial cells, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and PBR expression detected by autoradiography. Modeling using the simplified tissue reference model showed that R1 was similar for both ligands (R1 ∼ 1), with [11C]CLINME exhibiting a higher binding potential than [11C]PK11195 (1.07 ± 0.30 vs. 0.66 ± 0.15). The results show that [11C]CLINME performs better than [11C]PK11195 in this model. Further studies of this new compound should be carried out to better define its capacity to overcome the limitations of [11C]PK11195 for PBR PET imaging. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in assisted living: patterns of use and association with retention
Authors: Rosenblatt Adam , Samus Quincy M. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Baker Alva S. , McNabney Matthew , Mayer Lawrence S. , Brandt Jason , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo describe patterns of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ACI) use in an Assisted Living (AL) population, and the association of ACIs with retention in AL.MethodsAs part of the Maryland Assisted Living Study (MD–AL), 198 residents of 22 ALs were evaluated. Dementia was diagnosed in 134, and specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 79, by an expert consensus panel. Data was collected on ACI agent and dose. Vital status and location were recorded every 6 months. Other data included age, duration of residence, general medical health rating (GHMR), Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and number of non‐psychiatric medications.ResultsThe overall ACI treatment rate was 31%. 34.5% of participants with mild to moderate AD were taking ACIs. Only two in seven participants taking rivastigmine were taking an adequate dose. Participants with AD on ACI's did not differ significantly from those not on ACI's in any of the secondary measures except age and duration of residence, those on the agents being somewhat younger and more recently admitted. For participants with AD, only ACI use was significantly associated with retention in AL at 6 months, with a relative risk of death or discharge to higher level care of 0.217. Baseline MMSE was associated with retention for those with non‐AD dementia. In a survival analysis ACI use was associated with 228.75 days longer retention in participants with AD.ConclusionACIs have low rates of use in AL and are associated with better retention for residents with AD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel algorithm for reliable detection of human papillomavirus in paraffin embedded head and neck cancer specimen
Authors: Smeets Serge J. , Hesselink Albertus T. , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. , Haesevoets Annick , Snijders Peter J.F. , Pawlita Michael , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Braakhuis Boudewijn J.M. , Leemans C. René , Brakenhoff Ruud H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) plays a role in the development of a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, uncertainty exists about the true impact of HPV in this tumor type as conflicting reports have been published with prevalence rates from 0 to 100%. We aimed to find a detection algorithm of a biologically and thus clinically meaningful infection, applicable for high‐throughput screening of frozen and formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens. By considering detection of HPV E6 oncogene expression in frozen biopsies as gold standard for a meaningful HPV infection, the value of several assays was evaluated on FFPE tumor specimens and sera of 48 HNSCC patients. The following assays were evaluated on FFPE tissue samples: HPV DNA general primer (GP)5+/6+ PCR, viral load analysis, HPV16 DNA FISH detection, HPV16 E6 mRNA RT‐PCR, p16 immunostaining, and on corresponding serum samples detection of antibodies against the HPV16 proteins L1, E6 and E7. Comparing single assays on FFPE tissue samples detection of E6 expression by RT‐PCR was superior, but application remains at present limited to HPV16 detection. Most suitable algorithm with 100% sensitivity and specificity appeared p16 immunostaining followed by GP5+/6+ PCR on the p16‐positive cases. We show that clinically meaningful viral HPV infections can be more reliably measured in FFPE HNSCC samples in a standard and high throughput manner, paving the way for prognostic and experimental vaccination studies, regarding not only HNSCC, but possibly also cancer types with HPV involvement in subgroups such as penile and anal cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of EU shocks on the newly acceded countries
Authors: Barnett Alina 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the response of seven of the newly acceded countries (NACs) to EU supply and monetary shocks. A typical NAC perceives an EU technology disturbance as a negative supply shock and an EU monetary expansion as a negative demand shock. When we split the seven countries into two groups, results for group 1 which includes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia suggest that an EU supply shock feeds through as a demand shock, increasing both prices and output. This suggests trade acts as a channel of EU shock propagation. Monetary disturbances explain 2% and 3% of the output fluctuation of group one and two and 10% and 42% of interest rate variations, respectively. EU shocks are identified as given by Canova and De Nicoló (2002) using sign restrictions of the cross‐correlation function of the variables' responses to orthogonal disturbances. These restrictions are derived from a DSGE model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fretting wear properties of hydroxyapatite, alumina containing high density polyethylene biocomposites against zirconia
Authors: Bodhak Subhadip , Nath Shekhar , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: August 2007

AbstractConsidering the importance of wear on the materials performance in biomedical applications, the major objective of the present work is to investigate the friction and fretting wear behavior of various HDPE‐based composites against zirconia counterbody, both in air and simulated body fluid (SBF) environment. Both Al2O3 and/or HAp fillers (upto 40 vol %) have been incorporated in HDPE to improve the hardness and elastic modulus of HDPE. The fretting wear study indicates that extremely low COF (∼0.055–0.075) as well as higher wear resistance (wear rate in the order of ∼10−6 mm3/N m) can be achieved with the newly developed composites in SBF. A low wear depth of 3–7 μm is recorded, irrespective of fretting environment. Besides reporting the phenomenological tribological data, major focus has been on to understand the underlying mechanism of material removal at fretting contacts. Such understanding has been established in discussing the wear mechanisms in terms of deformation of polymer matrix, tribolayer formation, and wear debris generation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
A novel, tissue occlusive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel material
Authors: Wechsler Sandra , Fehr Daniel , Molenberg Aart , Raeber George , Schense Jason C. , Weber Franz E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques requires new materials meeting the needs of clinical application. Design criteria for GBR devices are biocompatibility, tissue occlusion, space provision, and clinical manageability. This study evaluates a novel biodegradable poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) based material as tissue occlusive membrane. A subcutaneous implant model in rats was developed to test the barrier function of the PEG hydrogels over time. Fourteen rats received three membrane implants and two positive controls each. Explants were collected over a period of 7 months. Histological analysis revealed that for at least 4 months cellular infiltration in the membrane explants was lower than 1% of that of the positive controls. Therefore, the PEG based hydrogel can be regarded as tissue occlusive during this period of time. A barrier function seems to be maintained for up to 6 months. In vitro degradation studies performed with the same PEG constructs confirm the in vivo result. In conclusion, our results indicate that this novel PEG‐based material has potential for use as a GBR barrier membrane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Self‐crosslinkable hydrogels composed of partially oxidized hyaluronan and gelatin: In vitro and in vivo responses
Authors: Weng Lihui , Pan Hui , Chen Weiliam 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSelf‐crosslinkable hydrogels had been formulated from two precursors, partially oxidized hyaluronan (oHA) and gelatin. The physicochemical properties of the resulting hydrogels have been elucidated by instrumental analyses (FTIR, SEM, and rheometry). These hydrogels were highly porous with an average pore size of 60 μm, and evidently, accommodative to cell infiltration. Increasing the oxidation degree of oHA resulted in corresponding increases in hydrogels' storage moduli and decreases in water uptake. Dermal fibroblasts were used to study the cell–hydrogel interactions in vitro. Both the hydrogels and their degradation byproducts are biocompatible as indicated by long‐term cell viability assay. In addition, significant amount of cells migrated into the hydrogels and they aligned into highly organized arrays. When cultured with cells, the hydrogels underwent degradation within 4 weeks depending on composition with obvious loss of cohesiveness over time. The good biocompatibility and biodegradability of oHA/gelatin hydrogel were further demonstrated in mice subdermal implantations. Lastly, in vitro and in vivo depositions of extracellular matrix in hydrogels by cells were demonstrated by SEM analyses. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
The biodegradability of poly(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly) synthetic polypeptide and the promotion of a dermal wound epithelialization using a poly(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly) sponge
Authors: Tanihara Masao , Kajiwara Kazumi , Ida Keiko , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Kamitakahara Masanobu , Ogata Shin‐Ichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCollagens are widely used in medical applications, but animal‐derived collagens have several drawbacks, such as low thermal stability, nonspecific cell attachment, and susceptibility to contamination by infectious pathogens, such as prions, which may transfect humans. We have previously reported the chemical synthesis of polypeptides consisting of a Pro‐Hyp‐Gly sequence and the high thermostability of their triple‐helical structure. To clarify the biomaterial characteristics of the poly(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly) polypeptide, we assessed its biodegradability and its capability for skin regeneration. Eight weeks after implantation, a poly(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly) freeze‐dried sponge embedded subcutaneously into a rat dorsal area degraded at the same rate as Terudermis®, which is made from bovine type I atelocollagen and is used as an artificial dermis. Surprisingly, compared with Terudermis, the poly(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly) sponge significantly promoted epithelialization of a full‐thickness wound on a rabbit's ear pad. This chemically synthesized polypeptide may be useful as a scaffold for tissue engineering and tissue regeneration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Biomechanical response of condylar cartilage‐on‐bone to dynamic shear
Authors: Tanaka Eiji , Rego Emanuel B. , Iwabuchi Yasunori , Inubushi Toshihiro , Koolstra Jan Harm , van Eijden Theo M. G. J. , Kawai Nobuhiko , Kudo Yasusei , Takata Takashi , Tanne Kazuo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractShear stress can result in fatigue, damage, and irreversible deformation of the mandibular condylar cartilage. However, little information is available on its dynamic properties in shear. We tested the hypothesis that the dynamic shear properties of the condylar cartilage depend on the frequency and amplitude of shear strain. Ten porcine mandibular condyles were used for dynamic shear tests. Two cartilage‐bone plugs were dissected from each condyle and tested in a simple shear sandwich configuration under a compressive strain of 10%. Sinusoidal shear strain was applied with an amplitude of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% and a frequency range between 0.01 and 10 Hz. The magnitudes of the shear dynamic moduli were found to be dependent on the frequency and the shear strain amplitude. They increased with shear strain. tan δ ranged from 0.2 to 0.4, which means that the cartilage is primarily elastic in nature and has a small but not negligible viscosity. In conclusion, the present results show that the shear behavior of the mandibular condylar cartilage is dependent on the frequency and amplitude of the applied shear strain. The observed shear characteristics suggest a significant role of shear strain on the interstitial fluid flow within the cartilage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008