bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mobile robot system for automatic floor marking
Authors: Jensfelt Patric , Gullstrand Gunnar , Förell Erik 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a patent awarded system for automatically marking the positions of stands for a trade fair or exhibition. The system has been in operation since August 2003 and has been used for every exhibition in the three main exhibition halls at the Stockholm International Fair since then. The system has speeded up the marking process significantly. What used to be a job for two men over 8 h now takes one robot monitored by one man 4 h to complete. The operators of the robot are from the same group of people that previously performed the marking task manually. Environmental features are much further away than in most other indoor applications and even many outdoor applications. Experiments show that many of the problems that are typically associated with the large beam width of ultrasonic sensors in normal indoor environments manifest themselves here for the laser because of the long range. Reaching the required level of accuracy was only possible by proper modeling of the laser scanner. The system has been evaluated by hand measuring 680 marked points. To make the integration of the robot system into the overall system as smooth as possible the robot uses information from the existing computer aided design (CAD) model of the environment in combination with a SICK LMS 291 laser scanner to localize the robot. This allows the robot to make use of the same information about changes in the environment as the people administrating the CAD system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topological exploration of subterranean environments
Authors: Silver David , Ferguson Dave , Morris Aaron , Thayer Scott 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe need for reliable maps of subterranean spaces too hazardous for humans to occupy has motivated the development of robotic mapping tools suited to these domains. As such, this work describes a system developed for autonomous topological exploration of mine environments to facilitate the process of mapping. The exploration framework is based upon the interaction of three main components: Node detection, node matching, and edge exploration. Node detection robustly identifies mine corridor intersections from sensor data and uses these features as the building blocks of a topological map. Node matching compares newly observed intersections to those stored in the map, providing global localization during exploration. Edge exploration translates topological exploration objectives into locomotion along mine corridors. This article describes both the robotic platform and the algorithms developed for exploration, and presents results from experiments conducted at a research coal mine near Pittsburgh, PA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Agricultural robot for radicchio harvesting
Authors: Foglia Mario M. , Reina Giulio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the last few years, robotics has been increasingly adopted in agriculture to improve productivity and efficiency. This paper presents recent and current work at the Politecnico of Bari, in collaboration with the University of Lecce, in the field of agriculture robotics. A cost effective robotic arm is introduced for the harvesting of radicchio, which employs visual localization of the plants in the field. The proposed harvester is composed of a double four‐bar linkage manipulator and a special gripper, which fulfills the requirement for a plant cut approximately 10 mm underground. Both manipulator and end‐effector are pneumatically actuated, and the gripper works with flexible pneumatic muscles. The system employs computer vision to localize the plants in the field based on intelligent color filtering and morphological operations; we call this algorithm the radicchio visual localization (RVL). Details are provided for the functional and executive design of the robotic arm and its control system. Experimental results are discussed; obtained with a prototype operating in a laboratory testbed showing the feasibility of the system in localizing and harvesting radicchio plants. The performance of the RVL is analyzed in terms of accuracy, robustness to noises, and variations in lighting, and is also validated in field experiments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A joint performance model of TCP and TFRC with mobility management protocols
Authors: Argyriou Antonios 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAt the forefront of the recent advances in mobile networks, is the development of sophisticated mobility management mechanisms that are usually based on Mobile IP and its derivatives. Based on these mobility management protocols, several studies that characterize transport protocol performance have been presented. In this work we move one step further, and present a joint performance evaluation model of TCP and TFRC, with the underlying IP‐based mobility protocols. We develop stochastic models that can characterize the protocol performance during handoffs between heterogeneous wireless networks like WLAN, cellular, or WMAN. We present performance evaluation results for validating the developed models under a set of different handoff scenarios. The developed model can be utilized as a basis for further analytical evaluation of new mobility management protocols, allowing thus a fast and accurate comparison. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIP mobility and IPv4/IPv6 dual‐stack supports in 3G IP multimedia subsystem
Authors: Huang Shiang‐Ming , Wu Quincy , Lin Yi‐Bing , Yeh Che‐Hua 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), session initiation protocol (SIP) and IPv6 are the default protocols for IP multimedia core network subsystem (IMS). However, a user equipment (UE) may not be allowed to roam or hand off from UMTS to a private‐IPv4 GPRS network. In this paper, we utilize SIP mobility and an automatic IPv6 tunneling mechanism, called Teredo, to support roaming/handoff of a UE between different networks. We have developed the first non‐commercial Linux‐based Teredo mechanism, and compared our solution with other Teredo implementations in the public domain. Our study indicates that our solution can reduce the tunneling overhead and transmission delay over two other implementations by 44–74%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global dynamic home agent discovery on mobile IPv6
Authors: Yen Yun‐Sheng , Hsu Chia‐Chang , Chao Han‐Chieh 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMobile IPv6 is a novel technology that supports mobile Internet communications. When a mobile node approaches another scalable domain, such as another ISP or mobile network company, serious problems occur such as registration delay and transmission latency owing to the binding update that the mobile node registers back to its original home agent. This work attempts to construct a scalable mobile IPv6 global network anycast by dynamically determining the nearest home agent to the current home agent for registration and transmission. This scheme is called Global Dynamic Home Agent Discovery (GDHAD). This investigation also performed and evaluated an anycast simulation to find how to obtain the best performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast handoff method in mobile IPv6 using prerouting
Authors: Lu Chia‐Shien , Chang Ruay‐Shiung 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new fast handoff routing method, called fast handoff using prerouting, for mobile IPv6. The new routing method will improve the packet delay and save the bandwidth during handoff. It routes the packet to the destination before the mobile node finishes its route update to the corresponding node (CN). It can also save the bandwidth wasted in tunneling during route update to CN. Special agents attached to the access routers and border routers are proposed to help prerouting. The proposed fast handoff combines the benefits of cellular systems and data communication systems. The agent residing in the routers will act as an MSC in a cellular system and it takes care of mobile nodes in its wireless LAN. Simulation results demonstrate its efficiency compared to previous schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A partition network model for ad hoc networks in overlay environments
Authors: Huang Yueh‐Min , Chiang Tzu‐Chiang , Hou Ting‐Wei 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn recent years, the wireless network has been attracting a lot of attentions, and due to these devices has enjoyed a tremendous rise in popularity. However, the broadcast storm becomes a very serious problem for ad hoc networks to migrate into the overlay networks for the applications of group communications. The main concept of virtual subnet technology is the capability to group users into broadcast domains, which divides a virtual subnet into logic, instead of physical, segments and reduces the traffic overhead. With this characteristic, we propose an interoperability network model integrating self‐organizing ad hoc networks and the Internet/a conventional network with the partition of physical/virtual subnets. Moreover, we describe a protocol to establish the virtual broadcast domains by using the IPv6 addressing concept in ad hoc networks and perform IP‐based network communications in a multi‐switch backbone. Since the virtual subnet technology functions by logically segmenting the network into different broadcast domains, packets can only be delivered between fixed/mobile nodes with the same virtual identity. Therefore we can prevent the broadcast storm problem in MANET. The hierarchical networks, physical/virtual subnets, addressing method, and mobility management are described, and some performance issues are evaluated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fish odour syndrome: Verification of carrier detection test
Authors: Zhang A. Q. , Mitchell S. , Smith R. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryAn oral trimethylamine challenge test has been used to confirm the heterozygous status of patients with ‘fish‐odour syndrome’. By measuring the percentage of total urinary trimethylamine‐related material excreted as theN‐oxide, no discrimination could be made between obligate heterozygotes (parents of ‘fish‐odour syndrome’ patients) (n=15; 96±2%, range 92–98%) and control individuals (parents of unaffected children) (n=16; 96±2%, range 93–99%) on a normal diet. However, after ingesting a trimethylamine load (600 mg base) the obligate heterozygotes were clearly distinguishable (76±3%, range 71–79%) from controls (95±2%, range 91–99%) (t‐test;p<0.001). One of a hundred apparently normal volunteers who were subsequently challenged with trimethylamine had anN‐oxidation capacity which fell within the range found among the obligate heterozygotes.
BiotinidaseKm‐variants: detection and detailed biochemical investigations
Authors: Suormala T. , Ramaekers V. T. , Schweitzer S. , Fowler B. , Laub M. C. , Schwermer C. , Bachmann J. , Baumgartner E. R. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryWe describe a simple method for the detection of biotinidaseKm‐variants and detailed biochemical investigations in 5 such patient. They were detected among 103 patients with plasma biotinidase activity which ranged from undetectable to 30% of the mean normal value. Two different types of biotinidaseKm‐variants were found. (1) In 3 infants biotinidase had a single 105–430‐fold elevatedKm for biocytin. Biotinidase showed very low activities (0.2–4% of the mean normal value) in the routine colorimetric assay and was not functionalin vivo. Accordingly, these patients presented with classical clinical illness. (2) In two patients biotinidase showed biphasic kinetics indicating the presence of one component with a normalKm and reducedVmax (1.7% and 12%), and another with 330‐ and 59‐fold elevatedKm, respectively. In these two patients, biotinidase proved to be at least partially functionalin vivo. However, the first patient developed severe symptoms and biotin deficiency late, at the age of 10–15 years, and the second had marginal biotin deficiency at the age of 2 years but no clinical symptoms. Comparative studies revealed that both patients had more severe biotin deficiency than age‐matched patients with similar levels of residual biotinidase activity and a single normalKm. Therefore, all patients with residual biotinidase activity should be evaluated for the presence of aKm‐mutation, since such patients should be treated with biotin. These can easily be detected by including a second substrate concentration (1.5 mmol/L) in the routine colorimetric biotinidase assay which is performed with 0.15 mmol/L biotin. Increased activity with the higher substrate concentration indicates the presence of aKm‐mutation. Detailed kinetic studies are needed to evaluate the distinct forms ofKm‐variants.
Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome and its pathogenesis: Normal nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide but reduced ATP concentrations that correlate with reduced poly (ADP‐ribose) synthetase activity in HPRT‐deficient lymphoblasts
Authors: McCreanor G. M. , Harkness R. A. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryIn hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase‐ (HPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) deficient lymphoblasts, ATP but not nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide coenzyme concentrations are reduced by limited nutrition. Such reduced ATP concentrations are correlated with reduced poly(ADP‐ribose) synthetase (polyADPRT; EC 2.4.2.30) activity; this reduces the breakdown of nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide coenzymes and thus explains their normal intracellular concentrations. Since reductions in poly(ADP‐ribose) synthetase activity reduce DNA repair, alterations in DNA could accumulate even in non‐multiplying cells such as neurons, especially in the continuously active ‘respiratory centre’. Our Lesch‐Nyhan patients suffered respiratory deaths between 15 and 20 years of age.
Biliary Ascariasis: A Review
Authors: Shah Omar Javed , Zargar Showkat Ali , Robbani Irfan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAscariasis, a helminthic infection of humans, is the most common parasitic infestation of the gastrointestinal tract. It infects about 25% of the world’s population; around 20 thousand deaths occur per year from an adverse clinical course of the disease. This review is focused on biliary ascariasis, examining in some detail the pathogenesis of the disease with special reference to postcholecystectomy ascariasis and related issues. Although an endemic disease of tropical and subtropical countries, increasing population migration facilitated by fast improving communication facilities demands that clinicians everywhere be familiar with the clinical profile and management of biliary ascariasis.
Last glacial megafaunal death assemblage and early human occupation at Lake Menindee, southeastern Australia
Authors: Cupper Matthew L. , Duncan Jacqui 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Tedford subfossil locality at Lake Menindee preserves a diverse assemblage of marsupials, monotremes and placental rodents. Of the 38 mammal taxa recorded at the site, almost a third are of extinct megafauna. Some of the bones are articulated or semi-articulated and include almost complete skeletons, indicating that aeolian sediments rapidly buried the animals following death. New optical ages show the site dates to the early part of the last glacial (55,700 ± 1300 yr weighted mean age). This is close to the 51,200–39,800 yr Australia-wide extinction age for megafauna suggested by Roberts et al. [2001, Science 292:1888–1892], but like all previous researchers, we cannot conclusively determine whether humans were implicated in the deaths of the animals. Although an intrusive hearth at the site dating to 45,100 ± 1400 yr ago is the oldest evidence of human occupation of the Darling River, no artifacts were identified in situ within the sub-fossil-bearing unit. Non-anthropogenic causes, such as natural senescence or ecosystem stress due to climatic aridity, probably explain the mortality of the faunal assemblage at Lake Menindee.
Interpreting anonymous DNA samples from mass disasters—probabilistic forensic inference using genetic markers
Authors: Lin Tien-ho , Myers Eugene W. , Xing Eric P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: The problem of identifying victims in a mass disaster using DNA fingerprints involves a scale of computation that requires efficient and accurate algorithms. In a typical scenario there are hundreds of samples taken from remains that must be matched to the pedigrees of the alleged victim’s surviving relatives. Moreover the samples are often degraded due to heat and exposure. To develop a competent method for this type of forensic inference problem, the complicated quality issues of DNA typing need to be handled appropriately, the matches between every sample and every family must be considered, and the confidence of matches need to be provided.
Results: We present a unified probabilistic framework that efficiently clusters samples, conservatively eliminates implausible sample-pedigree pairings, and handles both degraded samples (missing values) and experimental errors in producing and/or reading a genotype. We present a method that confidently exclude forensically unambiguous sample-family matches from the large hypothesis space of candidate matches, based on posterior probabilistic inference. Due to the high confidentiality of disaster DNA data, simulation experiments are commonly performed and used here for validation. Our framework is shown to be robust to these errors at levels typical in real applications. Furthermore, the flexibility in the probabilistic models makes it possible to extend this framework to include other biological factors such as interdependent markers, mitochondrial sequences, and blood type.
Availability: The software and data sets are available from the authors upon request.
Contact: epxing@cs.cmu.edu
Finding the evidence for protein-protein interactions from PubMed abstracts
Authors: Jang Hyunchul , Lim Jaesoo , Lim Joon-Ho , Park Soo-Jun , Lee Kyu-Chul , Park Seon-Hee 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Protein-protein interactions play critical roles in biological processes, and many biologists try to find or to predict crucial information concerning these interactions. Before verifying interactions in biological laboratory work, validating them from previous research is necessary. Although many efforts have been made to create databases that store verified information in a structured form, much interaction information still remains as unstructured text. As the amount of new publications has increased rapidly, a large amount of research has sought to extract interactions from the text automatically. However, there remain various difficulties associated with the process of applying automatically generated results into manually annotated databases. For interactions that are not found in manually stored databases, researchers attempt to search for abstracts or full papers.
Results: As a result of a search for two proteins, PubMed frequently returns hundreds of abstracts. In this paper, a method is introduced that validates protein-protein interactions from PubMed abstracts. A query is generated from two given proteins automatically and abstracts are then collected from PubMed. Following this, target proteins and their synonyms are recognized and their interaction information is extracted from the collection. It was found that 67.37% of the interactions from DIP-PPI corpus were found from the PubMed abstracts and 87.37% of interactions were found from the given full texts.
Availability: Contact authors.
Contact: janghc@etri.re.kr
springScape: visualisation of microarray and contextual bioinformatic data using spring embedding and an ‘information landscape’
Authors: Ebbels Timothy M. D. , Buxton Bernard F. , Jones David T. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The interpretation of microarray and other high-throughput data is highly dependent on the biological context of experiments. However, standard analysis packages are poor at simultaneously presenting both the array and related bioinformatic data. We have addressed this challenge by developing a system springScape based on ‘spring embedding’ and an ‘information landscape’ allowing several related data sources to be dynamically combined while highlighting one particular feature.
Each data source is represented as a network of nodes connected by weighted edges. The networks are combined and embedded in the 2-D plane by spring embedding such that nodes with a high similarity are drawn close together. Complex relationships can be discovered by varying the weight of each data source and observing the dynamic response of the spring network. By modifying Procrustes analysis, we find that the visualizations have an acceptable degree of reproducibility. The ‘information landscape’ highlights one particular data source, displaying it as a smooth surface whose height is proportional to both the information being viewed and the density of nodes. The algorithm is demonstrated using several microarray data sets in combination with protein-protein interaction data and GO annotations. Among the features revealed are the spatio-temporal profile of gene expression and the identification of GO terms correlated with gene expression and protein interactions. The power of this combined display lies in its interactive feedback and exploitation of human visual pattern recognition. Overall, springScape shows promise as a tool for the interpretation of microarray data in the context of relevant bioinformatic information.
Contact: d.jones@cs.ucl.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A combinatorial pattern discovery approach for the prediction of membrane dipping (re-entrant) loops
Authors: Lasso Gorka , Antoniw John F. , Mullins Jonathan G.L. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Membrane dipping loops are sections of membrane proteins that reside in the membrane but do not traverse from one side to the other, rather they enter and leave the same side of the membrane. We applied a combinatorial pattern discovery approach to sets of sequences containing at least one characterised structure described as possessing a membrane dipping loop. Discovered patterns were found to be composed of residues whose biochemical role is known to be essential for function of the protein, thus validating our approach.
TMLOOP () was implemented to predict membrane dipping loops in polytopic membrane proteins. TMLOOP applies discovered patterns as weighted predictive rules in a collective motif method (a variation of the single motif method), to avoid inherent limitations of single motif methods in detecting distantly related proteins. The collective motif method applies several, partially overlapping patterns, which pertain to the same sequence region, allowing proteins containing small variations to be detected. The approach achieved 92.4% accuracy in sensitivity and 100% reliability in specificity. TMLOOP was applied to the Swiss-Prot database, identifying 1392 confirmed membrane dipping loops, 75 plausible membrane dipping loops hitherto uncharacterised by topology prediction methods or experimental approaches and 128 false positives (8.0%).
Contact: j.g.l.mullins@swansea.ac.uk