bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved time‐course studies of free radical reactions with an EPRI/MRI fusion technique
Authors: Hyodo Fuminori , Yasukawa Keiji , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Utsumi Hideo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) using nitroxyl radicals is a useful technique for visualizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the pharmacokinetics of probes. To unambiguously identify anatomical locations, coregistration of EPRI with images obtained by MRI is necessary. In this study the feasibility of performing reliable EPRI/MRI fusion imaging using nitroxyl radical fiducial markers was tested. The pharmacokinetics of the nitroxyl radicals were observed after oral or intravenous administration in C57BL6 mice. To fuse both images, the nitroxyl radical was used as fiducial markers. The EPR and MR images corresponded well and clearly illustrated minimal changes in pharmacokinetics between carbamoyl‐PROXYL and carboxy‐PROXYL. These results demonstrate that the EPRI/MRI fused imaging technique is useful for investigating in vivo pharmacokinetics and provides unambiguous anatomic details. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bayesian inference of hemodynamic changes in functional arterial spin labeling data
Authors: Woolrich Mark W. , Chiarelli Peter , Gallichan Daniel , Perthen Joanna , Liu Thomas T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe study of brain function using MRI relies on acquisition techniques that are sensitive to different aspects of the hemodynamic response contiguous to areas of neuronal activity. For this purpose different contrasts such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI techniques have been developed to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation, respectively. Analysis of such data typically proceeds by separate, linear modeling of the appropriate CBF or BOLD time courses. In this work an approach is developed that provides simultaneous inference on hemodynamic changes via a nonlinear physiological model of ASL data acquired at multiple echo times. Importantly, this includes a significant contribution by changes in the static magnetization, M, to the ASL signal. Inference is carried out in a Bayesian framework. This is able to extract, from dual‐echo ASL data, probabilistic estimates of percentage changes of CBF, R, and the static magnetization, M. This approach provides increased sensitivity in inferring CBF changes and reduced contamination in inferring BOLD changes when compared with general linear model approaches on single‐echo ASL data. We also consider how the static magnetization, M, might be related to changes in CBV by assuming the same mechanism for water exchange as in vascular space occupancy. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CSB investigation of the explosions and fire at the BP texas city refinery on March 23, 2005
Authors: Holmstrom Don , Altamirano Francisco , Banks Johnnie , Joseph Giby , Kaszniak Mark , Mackenzie Cheryl , Shroff Reepa , Cohen Hillary , Wallace Stephen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAt approximately 1:20 p.m. on Wednesday, March 23, 2005 a series of explosions and fire occurred at the BP Texas City oil refinery during the start‐up of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit. Fifteen workers were killed and about 170 other people were injured. Many of those killed were working in or around office trailers located near a blowdown drum and stack open to the atmosphere. The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) found that because of problems that began during the ISOM process unit start‐up, a sudden, geyser‐like release of flammable hydrocarbon liquid and vapor discharged from the atmospheric vent stack. This release created a flammable vapor cloud, which ignited, causing as many as five explosions and fire in and around the ISOM unit. CSB identified multiple possible ignition sources in and around the blowdown drum area, including idling vehicles; however, the exact ignition source remains unknown.CSB deployed a team of investigators to BP Texas City to conduct a root‐cause investigation immediately after the incident. This team examined blast patterns to determine the explosion origin; reviewed the design of the isomerization unit equipment; and examined plant safety and operating procedures, past accidents, maintenance procedures, and oversight and inspection. Investigators also reviewed the adequacy of applicable regulations and industry standards for the placement of temporary structures such as trailers in refineries. This article presents the preliminary findings from the CSB investigative team regarding the technical and underlying causes of the incident and discusses three urgent recommendations issued by the CSB stemming from the BP incident. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Er‐ and Eu‐doped GaP‐oxide porous composites for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Sirbu L. , Ursaki V. V. , Tiginyanu I. M. , Dolgaleva Ksenia , Boyd Robert W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe demonstrate the controlled preparation of Er‐ and Eu‐doped GaP‐oxide porous composites. The fabrication procedure entails the use of porous semiconductor templates and the impregnation of rare earth ions from a rare earth salt solution in alcohol and thermal treatment. The composites exhibit strong green and red emission that comes from finely dispersed ErPO4 and EuPO4 oxide submicron phases in the composite. These materials may prove useful in future generations of optoelectronic and photonic devices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solvating, manipulating, damaging, and repairing DNA in a computer
Authors: Bunta Juraj , Dahlberg Martin , Eriksson Leif , Korolev Nikolai , Laaksonen Aatto , Lohikoski Raimo , Lyubartsev Alexander , Pinak Miroslav , Schyman Patric 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis work highlights four different topics in modeling of DNA: (i) the importance of water and ions together with the structure and function of DNA; the hydration structure around the ions appears to be the determining factor in the ion coordination to DNA, as demonstrated in the results of our MD simulations; (ii) how MD simulations can be used to simulate single molecule manipulation experiments as a complement to reveal the structural dynamics of the studied biomolecules; (iii) how damaged DNA can be studied in computer simulations; and (iv) how repair of damaged DNA can be studied theoretically. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
3D ultrasound in robotic surgery: performance evaluation with stereo displays
Authors: Novotny Paul M. , Jacobsen Stephen K. , Vasilyev Nikolay V. , Kettler Daniel T. , Salgo Ivan S. , Dupont Pierre E. , Del Nido Pedro J. , Howe Robert D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe recent advent of real‐time 3D ultrasound (3DUS) imaging enables a variety of new surgical procedures. These procedures are hampered by the difficulty of manipulating tissue guided by the distorted, low‐resolution 3DUS images. To lessen the effects of these limitations, we investigated stereo displays and surgical robots for 3DUS‐guided procedures.MethodsBy integrating real‐time stereo rendering of 3DUS with the binocular display of a surgical robot, we compared stereo‐displayed 3DUS with normally displayed 3DUS. To test the efficacy of stereo‐displayed 3DUS, eight surgeons and eight non‐surgeons performed in vitro tasks with the surgical robot.ResultsError rates dropped by 50% with a stereo display. In addition, subjects completed tasks faster with the stereo‐displayed 3DUS as compared to normal‐displayed 3DUS. A 28% decrease in task time was seen across all subjects.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of using a stereo display. By reducing errors and increasing speed, it is an important enhancement to 3DUS‐guided robotics procedures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How nursing personnel judge patients’ pain
Authors: Igier Valérie , Mullet Etienne , Sorum Paul Clay 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe study examined how nurses, student nurses, and nurse's aides judge patients’ level of pain from five indicators: facial grimacing, maintenance of abnormal body position, restriction of movement, complaints about pain, and signs of possible depression. In Toulouse, France, 214 participants were presented with 48 vignettes describing an elderly patient suffering from osteoarthritis who showed various levels of these signs. The three most important factors in judging pain were the difficulty in making social contact with the patient, the patient's avoidance of changing position, and her avoidance of movements. The nurses put more emphasis on the difficulty in making social contact than did the student nurses and nurse's aides. In all groups, each sign of pain contributed independently and additively to the level of pain that the patient was thought to be experiencing.
Cholera and homœopathic medicine
Authors: Jeulin Dominique , Peycru Patrick , Pla Anna , Amengual Carles , Gaucher Catherine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn March 1991 the charity Homeopathes sans Frontieres established an aid programme for cholera victims in Peru which continued intermittently for 8 months. Homœopathic treatment was administered in combination with rehydration. In the course of the mission a method was established with which to evaluate the importance of the use of homœopathic medicines in the treatment of cholera.
Homœopathy and physics
Authors: Bernal German Guajardo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIt has been recognized since the early days of homœopathy that the very high, ultramolecular dilutions employed in homœopathy pose fundamental scientific problems. Hahnemann was the first to recognize that the solution to these problems must be sought in physics, not chemistry. The views of Hahnemann are summarized. The influence of contemporary developments in physics on homœopathic theoreticians in the 19th and 20th centuries is described. The latter part of the 20th century has seen the advent of experimental studies using various forms of spectroscopy, particularly nuclear magnetic resonance. Contemporary developments in the understanding of the physical basis of ultramolecular dilutions, particularly information theory, are outlined.
Homœopathy in treatment of patients with fibromyoma of the uterus
Authors: Popov A.V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe efficacy of homœopathic treatment of patients with fibromyoma of the uterus has been studied. Eighty-four patients with various clinical manifestations of the disease were under our observation. All patients received homœopathic therapy only. Besides pelvic examination, real-time ultrasonic scanning was used for evaluation of tumour volume. The period of observation varied from one to three years.In our opinion homœopathy used alone is an effective method of treatment of patients with fibromyoma of the uterus. It is possible to stop the growth of a tumour and even to reduce its size, as well as to control pain and abnormal endometrial bleeding. In the course of investigation certain patterns of response to treatment were found. These require further investigation.
Evolution of 26 cases of bronchial asthma with homœopathic treatment
Authors: Castellsagu Anna Pia I 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis is a review of a series of asthmatic patients to evaluate the efficacy of their homœopathic treatment and the prognostic features to take into account. Data of 26 patients suffering from bronchial asthma (BA) are analyzed, with a follow-up from 18 months to 11 years. Their evolution and special circumstances and conditions that seem to facilitate or to impede the cure under homœopathic criteria have been considered. The effectiveness of the homœopathic treatment (57% cured) is confirmed and a relationship between BA and vaccinations and suppressive treatments of exanthemata was detected.
Complementary cancer care
Authors: Clover Anne 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe demand for complementary cancer care (CCC) is increasing. Cancer is a systemic process and involves psychological factors. A study published in the Lancet purporting to show that CCC had a negative effect has been discredited. The role of CCC and the modalities employed, including homœopathy, acupuncture, Iscador, relaxation, diet and massage, are discussed.
International perspectives in education
Authors: Rose Barry 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Executive Dean of the Faculty of Homœopathy describes recent developments in the Faculty's international relationships. There are plans to establish the MFHom examination in India. The Special Committee for Education of the LMHI has organized discussions aimed at harmonizing standards of education for homœopathic doctors throughout Europe. The present situation of homœopathy in a number of European countries is summarized and the future plans and role of the Faculty of Homœopathy are presented
An agricultural application of homœopathy
Authors: Kayne Steven 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA field trial in which four homœopathic sprays were applied to rye grass is reported. The aim of the trial was to determine whether any significant effect on growth could be achieved when compared with similar applications of nitrogen fertilizer, and a control. At the particular dosages and strengths chosen no such effect was perceived; however a method for testing homœopathic sprays were established. The results are presented and analyzed. Suggestions are made for further work.
Computer-aided homœopathy
Authors: Fichefet J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHomœopathy has now come to a turning point. Thanks to Knowledge Base Expert Systems, which appeared recently and are orientated towards drug diagnosis, homœopaths have been made aware of the enormous possibilities that computers can offer them. This applies particularly to the gathering of clinical data and analysis of a collection of clinical files. The purpose of this paper is to summarize what has already been done and suggest what can be done in the future.
Ultrasonic study of homœopathic solutions
Authors: Silvio Maranta , Arnaldo Paparelli 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUltrasonic velocity and absorption measurements have been performed in homœopathic solutions and in corresponding placebo solutions. The possibility of microstructural differences between ‘normal water’ and ‘homœopathic’ water solutions was investigated by propagation of ultrasonic waves in diluted water-ethanol mixtures. Our spectroscopic results do not display any difference between the two liquid systems.
An assessment of treatment of migraine/headache syndrome in patients seen in private practice
Authors: Fox Anthony Dunstan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFifty-four patients suffering from headache/migraine syndrome as well as other symptoms who had consulted me approximately 18 months previously and were treated by diet and homœopathy were sent a questionnaire to assess their progress. Forty-three replied—of these 35 did well and enjoyed improvement in their symptoms in the first four weeks after the first consultation. Thirty-five still keep moderately well to date.
The children of Chernobyl and cina
Authors: Zakharchenko G.A. , Vasilyeva L.G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe authors have under their care fifty-four children exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster of 1986. The radiation exposure and the most common pathologies are discussed. Response to treatment, especially in terms of general health was good. Cina was the most commonly indicated medicine. The plant Artemisia cina is traditionally associated with Chernobyl.
Quality control of homoeopathic medicines
Authors: Davey R. William , McGregor Julia A. , Grange John M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHomœopathic medicines are being increasingly scrutinized by regulatory authorities. There is considerable variation in methods of preparation and no generally accepted standard. The authors have tested 55 different mother tinctures for anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, using a previously described method. Twenty mother tinctures were available from more than one manufacturer. In 40% there were significant differences in anti-bacterial activity between tinctures from different manufacturers.
Towards a new method for improving clinical homœopathy
Authors: Van Haselen R.A. , Fisher Peter 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMost prescribing indications in homœopathy are derived from clinical experience. There is a need to revise and update them. A new method known as systematic outcome correlation, which correlates outcome as measured by a standard clinical assessment, with prescription, is described. The method uses information technology and the Read clinical classification. Preliminary results in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The method and results are critically examined with recommendations for future developments.
Haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice and rats suppressed by orally pre-administered potentized Agaricus
Authors: Paul A. , Sinhababu S.P. , Ghosh S. , Sukul N.C. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Agaricus muscarius 30s, a potentized homoeopathic drug prepared by successive dilution and sonication from the alcoholic extract of the fungus of the same name, significantly reduced haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice and rats. The drug produced the anticataleptic effect when administered orally and no such effect when administered intraperitoneally. Open field activity of the mice was suppressed more with haloperidol (hal) alone than with the combination of Agaricus 30s (oral) and hal. Agaricus 30s, given intraperitoneally, did not alter hal-induced suppression of the spontaneous activity of mice. Based on the previously reported results with Agaricus in combination with apomorphine, D1 and D2 agonists, it was thought that Agaricus might have served as a D1 blocker. It was further assumed that the effect of Agaricus was mediated through the oral taste receptors.
How does homoeopathy cure?
Authors: Bernal German Guajardo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA classification of hypotheses concerning the mode of action of potentized medicines is proposed. Hypotheses are analysed according to their adequacy for explaining the phenomenon. 2 main groups are proposed, depending on the active or passive role of the organism during homoeopathic treatment, with subdivisions and differences described. Links with the main body of knowledge must be maintained so the hypotheses may gradually acquire the status of a successful explanation. The need to introduce the Hahnemannian concept of biological reaction stems from the principles of homoeopathy.
The semantics of homoeopathy
Authors: Searcy Roberto , Reyes Oscar , Guajardo Germán 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHomoeopathy is often referred to as a form of ‘alternative’ or ‘complementary’ medicine. This results in the marginalization of homoeopathy and tends to equate allopathy with medicine. In fact homoeopathy is a medical speciality and our semantics should reflect this: There is a need to improve our courses and incoporate interdisciplinary topics. The use of the terms dilution and potency is also discussed.
Neuro-sensory aspects of malignant disease
Authors: Twentyman L.R. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryMigraine has been characterized as cephalic dysmenorrhoea, and dysmenorrhoea as uterine migraine. Conception can occur in the head or uterus, and in the legend of the birth of Pallas Athene, Zeus' migranious headache or labour pains is relieved by her delivery from his head.In the migraine attack, substantial processes push up into the head which is properly the place of insubstantial images or reproduction. Substantial reproduction belongs properly to the uterus.In migraine, sclerotic tendencies in the head are healed to some extent by the inflammatory processes from the blood, but of course these may themselves go too far. There are correspondences between gout and migraine.The unilateral component in the migraine points to the metabolic origin, and in the drug pictures of Chelidonium, Sanguinaria and Spigelia, for instance, we can trace the dynamic process further.Six cases (five with malignant tumours) are reported which suggest a migrainous process manifesting as inflammation in the limbs. These cases further illustrate the idea of a tumour as a displaced sense organ and the reactive, potentially healing process arising from the blood.The importance of Hahnemann's concept of one-sided disease is related to the Bahnson's spectrum of disease and to Steiner's concept of the polarity between cancer and inflammation and insanity, and the polarity between cancer and migraine.
Calcium carbonicum and the concept of constitution in homœopathy
Authors: Von Keller Georg 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe idea of “constitution in homœopathy” is analysed first, on the example of Calcium carbonicum. It is noted that this concept consists of two parts, the general physical appearance and the temperament, and, later on, the manner in which the patient reacts to environmental influences, which is very much in line with Kent's general symptoms. It is ascertained with respect to Calcium carbonicum that the dull, obese individual does not represent the usual constitutional expression of the remedy so much as the plethoric, robust, intensely-reacting individual. Corpulence and dullness appear to be signs of illness, not the normal constitution. Then the difference is brought out between simple constitutional indications, which apply in each instance to many remedies, and which characterize a single remedy only in combination with several others; and precisely described, fully developed symptoms, each one of which suffices for diagnosing the particular remedy. To exemplify such a living symptom, a Calcium carbonicum syndrome is considered in detail, out of daily practice. It reads: Hunger; the patient eats more and more, until it is too late, since the painful full feeling or the feeling as if there were stones in the stomach does not come on immediately to warn the patient, but only a quarter of an hour after eating.
Ageing, arteriosclerosis, dizziness and Baryta carb
Authors: Ghosh A. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryTwelve patients with arteriosclerosis and dizziness are discussed. Because baryta poisoning causes arteriosclerosis the same remedy was used to treat these patients; twice-daily doses of Baryta carb. 6x or 30c for six months were found to be effective.
Arthritis and rheumatism
Authors: Martin Geoffrey 
Published: September 2006

SummaryWith an eye to effect it is said that doctors get the patients they deserve. A more true general statement is that they get the patients with diseases in which they are interested. Nevertheless, the rheumatic diseases are so common at all ages after youth, and homœopathy has so much to contribute to the management of these illnesses, that it is instructive to record and analyse the caseload of rheumatic disease referred to one consultant physician over a twelve-month period. There will be a brief reference to the concept of the chronic pain syndrome, and to certain aspects of homœopathic prescribing in general, but not to the materia medica of individual remedies or the homœopathic treatment of individual patients.
Self-awareness and homœopathy
Authors: Hehr G.S. 
Published: September 2006

SynopsisHahnemann recommended a psychological exercise that was based on the experience of the ancients. Recent scientific studies have shown that it is likely to be of immense value to everybody. This exercise should have become an integral part of homœopathy, but has not done so. Stalwarts of homœopathy have missed this point. In every commentary on Hahnemann's work and in every restatement of the same, this aspect of Hahnemann's teaching has been overlooked.