bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actualización sobre aspectos políticos y normativos de la desaparición forzada
Authors: Ramirez Páez Diana Emilce 
Published: February 2025

El Registro Nacional de Desaparecidos es un sistema de información nacional e interinstitucional creado por la ley para enfrentar el delito de desaparición forzada en Colombia, suministrando a las instituciones una herramienta eficaz en el intercambio de información que contribuya a las investigaciones y búsqueda de las personas desaparecidas. Desde implementación nacional, mediante plataforma tecnológica SIRDEC, ha contribuido en la búsqueda y aparición de personas desaparecidas y le ha permitido a las entidades del Estado y Sociedad Civil proporcional cifras parciales y referenciar casos que requieren la atención e investigación permanente. Por su naturaleza, objetivos y finalidades establecidas en la normatividad vigente, el Registro Nacional de Desaparecidos requiere el compromiso de todas la entidades intervenientes que de manera permanente están en la obligación de ingresar reportes y seguimiento de los casos, contribuyendo de esta forma la percepción confiable del fenómeno desde un ámbito nacional e internacional.
Competencias transversales y aula invertida en Educación Superior
Authors: Martínez-Clares Pilar , Pérez Cusó Francisco Javier , González-Morga Natalia , González-Lorente Cristina 
Published: February 2025

The increased demand of sift skills among university graduates today requires a reevaluation or careful debate on how teaching and learning are conducted in these higher education institutions. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of implementing the flipped classroom as an active methodology in universities for acquiring a set of soft skills. This is conducted using a descriptive, quantitative quasi-experimental design, collecting information from a group of students before (n=270) and after (n=209) the development of this active methodology through two ad hoc questionnaires. The results show a valid and reliable measurement scale for analyzing soft skills following the application of flipped classroom teaching. Additionally, in both descriptive and inferential analyses, there is an observed increase in students' ratings regarding the acquisition of the proposed skills. Gender and subject differences are significant in both cases, with a higher learning threshold among women and among students in the subject taught in the third year. These findings provide interesting evidence for further advancing the real impact of active methodologies in university classrooms and their close link to the development of students' transversal skills.
La creciente demanda de competencias transversales entre los egresados universitarios en la realidad laboral exige de un replanteamiento pausado sobre cómo se enseña y qué se aprende en la educación superior. La finalidad de este trabajo es analizar el impacto y mejora que puede tener el aula invertida como metodología activa para la adquisición de un conjunto de competencias transversales. Se realiza desde un diseño descriptivo, de carácter cuantitativo cuasiexperimental al recoger información de un grupo de estudiantes de modo previo (n=270) y posterior (n=209) al desarrollo de esta metodología activa mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. El análisis de resultados muestra un incremento en la valoración que realiza el alumnado respecto a la adquisición de las competencias propuestas. Las diferencias por género y asignatura son significativas en ambos casos, con un mayor umbral de aprendizaje por parte de las mujeres y entre los estudiantes de la asignatura que se ha impartido en el tercer curso. Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencias de interés para seguir avanzando sobre el impacto real que tienen las metodologías activas y su estrecha vinculación con el desarrollo de las soft skills de los estudiantes.
La percepción del profesorado sobre la educación de calidad e inclusiva que se ofrece en Formación Profesional
Authors: Escarbajal Frutos Andrés , López Barrancos Sergio , Navarro Barba Juan , Ibáñez López Francisco J. 
Published: February 2025

This article presents a study that explores whether there is a positive perception among teachers regarding the current Vocational Education and Training (VET) system, particularly in its Dual modality, with respect to educational quality and enhanced social inclusion at this level of education. A descriptive, quantitative approach was employed, with a non-experimental research design, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The study involved 211 VET teachers from state and private schools within the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia. Key findings highlight the high assessment of the quality of education and the significant potential of VET to foster social inclusion, notably addressing high dropout and school failure rates. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of socio-occupational guidance and the role of tutoring. This positive perception is even stronger in the case of Dual VET, due to its close relationship with businesses and its potential to enhance employability. However, certain areas for improvement were identified, including expanding the range of offerings, increasing flexibility in transitions between educational levels, and placing greater emphasis on guidance services.
En el siguiente artículo se presenta una investigación en la que se estudió si había una percepción positiva del profesorado sobre la actual Formación Profesional, y específicamente en su modalidad Dual, en cuanto a la calidad educativa y la mayor inclusión social de este nivel formativo. Para ello se implementó un enfoque descriptivo de tipo cuantitativo, con un diseño de investigación no experimental, utilizando el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos. Participaron 211 docentes de Formación Profesional de centros públicos y privados de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. Como resultados destacados, hay que señalar la alta valoración sobre la calidad de las enseñanzas y las grandes posibilidades de inclusión social de la FP, paliando sobremanera los índices negativos de abandono y fracaso escolar, enfatizando igualmente, la importancia de la orientación sociolaboral y el papel de las tutorías. Esta percepción se amplía en el caso de la modalidad de FP Dual, por la estrecha relación con las empresas y su capacidad de empleabilidad. No obstante, también fueron detectadas algunas cuestiones susceptibles de mejora, como la ampliación de la oferta, flexibilizar las transiciones entre niveles educativos o dar mayor importancia a la orientación.
El ambiente en el aula y su efecto en el comportamiento del alumnado
Authors: Frutos de Miguel Jonatan 
Published: February 2025

The educational environment is a determining factor in school development. A better understanding of its impact on children's behaviour would help to better adjust classroom teaching to the needs of the group. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyse the relationship between the classroom environment and pupils' behavioural problems (CP), to better understand how to adapt the environment to their needs. The behaviours of 35 children with CP (focus group) and 52 typically developing peers (reference group) aged eight and nine were observed in their educational environment. Multivariate analyses revealed that levels of motor and verbal hyperactivity increased during classroom transitions compared to group work and individual work. Children in the focus group were more off-task in all contexts. Furthermore, they were similarly affected by the classroom setting compared to their typically developing peers, despite being more inattentive in all settings.
El ambiente educativo es un factor determinante en el desarrollo escolar. Un mayor conocimiento, sobre su impacto en el comportamiento, ayudaría a ajustar mejor las actuaciones docentes ante las necesidades del grupo. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre el ambiente del aula y los problemas de comportamiento (PC) del alumnado, para conocer mejor cómo adaptar el entorno a sus necesidades. Se observaron las conductas de 35 niños con PC (grupo focal) y 52 compañeros/as con desarrollo típico (grupo referencia) de ocho y nueve años. Los análisis multivariados revelaron que los niveles de hiperactividad motora y verbal aumentaban durante las transiciones en el aula en comparación con el trabajo grupal y el trabajo individual. Los niños/as del grupo focal se desviaban más de la tarea en todos los contextos. Además, se vieron afectados de forma similar por el entorno del aula en comparación con sus compañeros/as de desarrollo típico, a pesar de estar más desatentos en todos los entornos.
Relationship between Attention and Clarity in the Work Environment from a Cognitive and Organizational Perspective
Authors: Murillo Hernán Javier Guzmán , Ortega José Marcelo Torres , Niebles William 
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the relationship between Attention and Clarity in the organizational environment, analyzing how the perception of clarity in work processes can influence the ability of employees to maintain attention in their tasks. The research is based on theories on information processing, cognitive regulation and efficiency in performance, considering that clarity in organizational procedures and objectives facilitates concentration and reduces cognitive load. It is hypothesized that an increase in clarity in work processes is associated with an improvement in employee attention, suggesting that well-structured organizational environments can enhance individual performance. To evaluate this relationship, a quantitative design based on econometric techniques was used. The estimated simple linear regression model shows that the coefficient of the Clarity variable is positive and significant (p<0.001p < 0.001), indicating that employees who perceive greater clarity in their work environment tend to manifest a greater attention span in their activities. In addition, the model meets the fundamental assumptions of regression, including tests of specification, linearity, and absence of autocorrelation, allowing for reliable interpretation of the results. The findings suggest that organizational clarity is a factor that influences work care, which has implications in the design of organizational strategies aimed at performance optimization. It is recommended that future research extend the analysis by incorporating moderating variables such as task complexity and workload, in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship
Sign Language
Authors: Glucker John , Ludlam Ivor 
Published: February 2025

The need for a more detailed account concerning the first two centuries of rhetorical theory is best illustrated by an example: we present here the textual evidence for two common terms denoting evidence, namely τεκμήριον and σημεῖον. Despite their widespread use in fifth and fourth century Athens, there seems to have been some confusion over their relative roles. While τεκμήριον is fairly regularly used to mean past evidence for a present claim or state, σημεῖον ranges in meaning from a present indication for a past act or state to something very similar to τεκμήριον. We trace, so far as is possible, three possible sources for the apparent confusion: an early rhetorical source (perhaps even the legendary Tisias or Corax himself/themselves) might explain the relatively uniform use of τεκμήριον, while confusion over σημεῖον may be due to usage in early Hippocratic medical treatises as opposed to a clear and logical distinction between τεκμήριον and σημεῖον by Antiphon, a distinction ignored by his younger contemporaries (e.g. Andocides), but strictly adhered to by a later orator, Lycurgus.
Umbricius and Greek Shell Games (Juvenal, Sat. 3.74-81)
Authors: Fontaine Michael 
Published: February 2025

The meaning of Juvenal 3. 81 should be: “Should I not run away from these folks’ shell games?” Rather than meaning “purple clothes,” the conchylia – the shells or “shell games” -- denote the Greek immi­grant’s infuriating πολυτροπία (versatility).
Servile Invective in Classical Athens
Authors: Kamen Deborah 
Published: February 2025

Accusations or insinuations of servile ancestry were pervasive in classical Athenian oratory, even in instances where the litigants had no discernable slave history. After examining the ‘servile invective’ used by Demosthenes and Aeschines in their paired speeches, I argue that one source of this invective was attacks against individuals who actually had been or were descended from slaves. I contend further that servile invective reveals contemporary concerns about manumission and naturalization, processes that not only incorporated ‘outsiders’ into the demos but also revealed the fluidity of (ideologically fixed) status categories like slave/free and citizen/non-citizen. Finally, I suggest that one effect of this rhetoric in the case of non-servile litigants (like Aeschines and Demosthenes) was to stir up status-related anxieties in the jury, thereby aligning the jurors with the speaker against his opponent.
Was a Roman Cohort Stationed at Ein Gedi?
Authors: Magness Jodi , Davies Gwyn 
Published: February 2025

The evidence for a Roman military garrison being based at Ein Gedi between the First and Second Jewish Revolts, rests on the existence of a document from the Babatha archive witnessed by a Roman centurion and the remains of a ‘military-style’ bath house. This commonly shared assumption is challenged in this paper. By reviewing the significance of P. Yadin 11 and adducing comparative evidence from elsewhere in the empire to identify other reihentyp bathing facilities with no direct connection to a military establishment, the authors suggest that there is no reason to conclude that Ein Gedi was the location of a Roman army garrison.
Theatres in Ancient Palestine during the Roman-Byzantine Period (An Historical-Archaeological Survey)
Authors: Segal Arthur 
Published: February 2025

The present survey seeks to ascertain the place of the theatre in the region with Jewish, Nabatean, and Greek populations, in which the tradition of Classical theatre has no roots.
Theatres were built over a long period of time in various areas of Judaea, Nabataea, and in the Hellenized cities. The earliest examples in Judaea were erected at Herod’s initiative but did not reflect the true cultural needs of most of the population.
At the end of the 1st century BCE and in the 1st century CE, theatres were also built in the Nabatean kingdom, but they merely provided an architectural setting little related to the theatre in its accepted sense.
The first theatres in the Hellenized cities in Judaea, Southern Syria and Arabia were erected in the late 1st and early 2nd centuries CE, at a time when the Classical creativity was in decline. Classical plays were disappearing from the stage throughout the Roman world, to be replaced by lighter, less select forms of entertainment.
In the Eastern part of the Empire, especially in Judaea, Syria and Arabia, Classical tragedy and comedy had never earned themselves a permanent niche. Residents of these areas apparently knew no theatre other than mime, and lively, popular mime presentations faithfully reflected the true cultural demands of most of the city-dwellers in Roman Palestine, Syria, and Arabia during the Roman-Byzantine period”.
Is the Brussels Effect Creating a New Legal Order in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean?
Authors: Boshe Patricia , Goberna Caride Carolina 
Published: February 2025

EU Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR), like the pied piper of Hamelin, has and continues to lure third countries into approximating the EU data protection framework. Some scholars believe the approximation of the EU framework, mostly done in a one-size-fits-all fashion, may not be appropriate in non-EU contexts mainly because (some) values advanced by the EU data protection framework may vary from or be incompatible with legal cultures and/or social norms of the recipient country/region. This paper looks into data protection in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (hereinafter LAC). The focus is on the evolution, influence and role of the EU in the development of data protection laws in Africa and LAC. The purpose is to ascertain whether and to what extent those laws are a result of the Brussels effect
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Low-Risk Nonpumped Brain-Dead Kidney Donors
Authors: Patel Madhukar S. , Salcedo-Betancourt Juan D. , Saunders Christina , Broglio Kristine , Malinoski Darren , Niemann Claus U. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceDelayed graft function in kidney-transplant recipients is associated with increased financial cost and patient burden. In donors with high Kidney Donor Profile Index whose kidneys are not pumped, therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to confer a protective benefit against delayed graft function.ObjectiveTo determine whether hypothermia is superior to normothermia in preventing delayed graft function in low-risk nonpumped kidney donors after brain death.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a multicenter randomized clinical trial, brain-dead kidney donors deemed to be low risk and not requiring machine perfusion per Organ Procurement Organization protocol were prospectively randomized to hypothermia (34.0-35 °C) or normothermia (36.5-37.5 °C) between August 10, 2017, and May 21, 2020, across 4 Organ Procurement Organizations in the US (Arizona, Upper Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Texas). The final analysis report is dated June 15, 2022, based on the data set received from the United Network for Organ Sharing on June 2, 2021. A total of 509 donors (normothermia: n = 245 and hypothermia: n = 236; 1017 kidneys) met inclusion criteria over the study period.InterventionDonor hypothermia (34.0-35.0 °C) or normothermia (36.5-37.5 °C).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was delayed graft function in the kidney recipients, defined as the need for dialysis within the first week following kidney transplant. The primary analysis follows the intent-to-treat principle.ResultsA total of 934 kidneys were transplanted from 481 donors, of which 474 were randomized to the normothermia group and 460 to the hypothermia group. Donor characteristics were similar between the groups, with overall mean (SD) donor age 34.2 (11.1) years, and the mean donor creatinine level at enrollment of 1.03 (0.53) mg/dL. There was a predominance of Standard Criteria Donors (98% in each treatment arm) with similar low mean (SD) Kidney Donor Profile Index (normothermia: 28.99 [20.46] vs hypothermia: 28.32 [21.9]). Cold ischemia time was similar in the normothermia and hypothermia groups (15.99 [7.9] vs 15.45 [7.63] hours). Delayed graft function developed in 87 of the recipients (18%) in the normothermia group vs 79 (17%) in the hypothermia group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.64-1.33; P = .66).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that, in low-risk non-pumped kidneys from brain-dead kidney donors, therapeutic hypothermia compared with normothermia does not appear to prevent delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02525510
National Estimates of Short- and Longer-Term Hospital Readmissions After Major Surgery Among Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Wang Yi , Leo-Summers Linda , Vander Wyk Brent , Davis-Plourde Kendra , Gill Thomas M. , Becher Robert D. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceNationally representative estimates of hospital readmissions within 30 and 180 days after major surgery, including both fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, are lacking.ObjectivesTo provide population-based estimates of hospital readmission within 30 and 180 days after major surgery in community-living older US residents and examine whether these estimates differ according to key demographic, surgical, and geriatric characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA prospective longitudinal cohort study of National Health and Aging Trends Study data (calendar years 2011-2018), linked to records from the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS). Data analysis was conducted from April to August 2023. Participants included community-living US residents of the contiguous US aged 65 years or older who had at least 1 major surgery from 2011 to 2018. Data analysis was conducted from April 10 to August 28, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMajor operations and hospital readmissions within 30 and 180 days were identified through data linkages with CMS files that included both fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. Data on frailty and dementia were obtained from the annual National Health and Aging Trends Study assessments.ResultsA total of 1780 major operations (representing 9 556 171 survey-weighted operations nationally) were identified from 1477 community-living participants; mean (SD) age was 79.5 (7.0) years, with 56% being female. The weighted rates of hospital readmission were 11.6% (95% CI, 9.8%-13.6%) for 30 days and 27.6% (95% CI, 24.7%-30.7%) for 180 days. The highest readmission rates within 180 days were observed among participants aged 90 years or older (36.8%; 95% CI, 28.3%-46.3%), those undergoing vascular surgery (45.8%; 95% CI, 37.7%-54.1%), and persons with frailty (36.9%; 95% CI, 30.8%-43.5%) or probable dementia (39.0%; 95% CI, 30.7%-48.1%). In age- and sex-adjusted models with death as a competing risk, the hazard ratios for hospital readmission within 180 days were 2.29 (95% CI, 1.70-3.09) for frailty and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.15-2.18) for probable dementia.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationally representative cohort study of community-living older US residents, the likelihood of hospital readmissions within 180 days after major surgery was increased among older persons who were frail or had probable dementia, highlighting the potential value of these geriatric conditions in identifying those at increased risk.