bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of predator species, composition and light environment on prey escape behaviours of invasive and native benthic fishes
Authors: Michels N. O. , Hrabik T. R. , Mensinger A. F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe behaviour of two benthic species, round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii), were examined under natural relevant downwelling light during predatory attacks by Burbot (Lota lota) and Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Population declines have been observed for mottled sculpin after round goby invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes, but no data exist on prey avoidance behaviours and success for either species. The activity levels of the prey species were measured in the presence and absence of predators. Predator–prey interactions were quantified for reaction, attack, capture and retention probabilities. In addition, flight initiation distance, turns per flee and a comparison between observed and optimal escape angles were used as escape metrics to examine differences in prey survival. Trials were run under downwelling irradiances calculated for Lake Superior that correlated with dark, civil twilight, and sunrise. The number of round goby movements decreased by 74% in the presence of predators while mottled sculpin movement declined by 95% compared to baselines established without predators. Round gobies were more successful at evading predation with 18.3% of mottled sculpins consumed compared to 8.5% of round gobies during a comparable number (n = 27) trials. Round gobies also fled closer to their theoretically calculated optimal angles than mottled sculpin. Greater variation in flight initiation distances at different light intensities, fleeing at optimum angles that avoid predation and a more erratic escape path led to increased escape success for round gobies. Greater success avoiding predators may be another compounding factor, combined with round goby aggression and competition, that has contributed to the success of the round goby invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Engagement and commitment in higher education: Looking at the role of identification and perception of performance
Authors: Borja‐Gil Javier , Castellanos Verdugo Mario , Oviedo‐García M. Ángeles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWithin OECD countries, 20% of university students continue no further than the first year. The objective of this research is to analyse the antecedents of student commitment, so as to design action plans for reducing dropout rates within higher education. Educational engagement, student–university identification and perception of performance were analysed at the campus of Social and Juridical Sciences of Seville University (Spain). A sample of 641 valid questionnaires was used to analyse the constructs and their complex inter‐relations using Partial Least Squares‐Simultaneous Equation Modelling. The results revealed a strong relation between identification with and commitment to the university, as well as between educational engagement and identification. Universities as institutions are called on to take action to reduce high early dropout rates by encouraging educational engagement and identification with the university. Such actions might include departments for educational orientation and the promotion of activities to foster enduring links between students and universities.
Effects of cognitive reserve on cognitive frailty among older adults: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Yanyan , Yu Ruby , Si Huaxin , Liu Qinqin , Bian Yanhui , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Cuili 
Published: March 2024

AimWe investigated the effect of lifespan cognitive reserve and its components on cognitive frailty among older adults.MethodsA total of 4922 participants aged ≥65 years were recruited in 2008 and were followed up in 2011 from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive frailty was determined through the simultaneous presence of physical frailty (pre‐frailty or frailty) and mild cognitive impairment, excluding concurrent dementia. The assessment of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment was based on the Fatigue, Resistence, Ambulation, Illness, Loss of weight (FRAIL) (Fatigue, Resistence, Ambulation, Illness, Loss) and Mini‐Mental State Examination scale, respectively. The lifespan cognitive reserve consisted of education attainment, occupational complexity and later‐life leisure activities. We used logistic regression models to estimate the risk of cognitive frailty associated with the lifespan cognitive reserve and its components.ResultsA higher level of lifespan cognitive reserve, higher educational attainment or leisure activities engagement, but not occupational complexity, were associated with lower risk of incident cognitive frailty. Furthermore, cognitive, social and physical activities were associated with lower risk of incident cognitive frailty.ConclusionCognitive reserve, particularly educational attainment and leisure activities, can protect from cognitive frailty. This implicates that individuals should accumulate cognitive reserve in their lifespan, and older adults should actively participate in leisure activities to prevent cognitive frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 398–403.
Accuracy of World Health Organisation‐grade parameters (necrosis and mitotic activity) and foci of vascular invasion in predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. A case–control validation study
Authors: Ragazzi Moira , Besutti Giulia , Mancuso Pamela , Rossi Paolo Giorgi , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Donati Benedetta , Manzotti Gloria , Giordano Davide , Frasoldati Andrea , Chiaruccci Federico , de de Biase Dario , Coluccelli Sara , Maloberti Thais , De Leo Antonio , Piana Simonetta , Tallini Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

AimsTumour necrosis and/or increased mitoses define high‐grade papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It is unclear whether angioinvasion is prognostic for PTC. Cut‐offs at five or more mitoses/2 mm2 and four or more angioinvasive foci have been empirically defined based upon data from all forms of aggressive non‐anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Performance of tumour necrosis, mitoses and vascular invasion in predicting distant metastases when specifically applied to PTC is undefined.MethodsWe analysed 50 consecutive PTC cases with distant metastases (DM‐PTC): 16 synchronous and 34 metachronous. A total of 108 non‐metastatic PTC (N‐DM‐PTC, 15.0‐year median follow‐up) were used as controls. Invasive encapsulated follicular variant PTC was excluded. Necrosis, mitoses and angioinvasion were quantified. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analyses determined best sensitivity and specificity cut‐offs predictive of distant metastases.ResultsMetastases correlated with necrosis (any extent = 43.8% all DM‐PTC, 53.1% metachronous DM‐PTC versus 5% N‐DM‐PTC; P < 0.001), mitoses (P < 0.001) and angioinvasion (P < 0.001). Mitoses at five or more per 2 mm2 was the best cut‐off correlating with distant metastases: sensitivity/specificity 42.9%/97.2% all DM‐PTC (AUC = 0.78), 18.8%/97.2% synchronous DM‐PTC (AUC = 0.63), 54.6%/97.2% metachronous DM‐PTC (AUC = 0.85). Angioinvasive foci at five or more was the best cut‐off correlating with distant metastases: sensitivity/specificity 36.2%/91.7% all DM‐PTC (AUC = 0.75), 25%/91.7% synchronous DM‐PTC (AUC = 0.79) and 41.9%/91.7% metachronous DM‐PTC (AUC = 0.73). Positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) were: necrosis 22.6%/98.2%; five or more mitoses 32.3%/98.2%; five or more angioinvasive foci 11.8%/97.9%. After multivariable analysis, only necrosis and mitotic activity remained associated with DM‐PTC.ConclusionOur data strongly support PTC grading, statistically validating World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria to identify poor prognosis PTC. Angioinvasion is not an independent predictor of DM‐PTC.
Vegetation structure and relative humidity drive the diurnal foraging activity of Malaysian giant ant workers in urban fragmented forests
Authors: Azhar Badrul , Razi Norhisham , Sanusi Ruzana , Lechner Alex , Ashraf Mohamad , Zaki Wan Mamat Wan , Jafni Farhan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The impacts of urban forest fragmentation on tropical ant foraging activity are poorly understood. The Malaysian giant ant (Dinomyrmex gigas) is among the largest ant species worldwide. Colonies of this species contribute to important ecosystem processes such as predation and nutrient cycling in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia.
Here, we compared the diurnal foraging activity of D. gigas workers in urban‐fragmented and contiguous forests, and investigated how this was shaped by key environmental factors such as vegetation structure and microclimate. Specifically, we sampled ground‐foraging D. gigas workers in four urban/semi‐urban forest patches and two contiguous forests in Peninsular Malaysia across the wet and dry seasons.
Surprisingly, we found that some urban forest patches, irrespective of area, supported greater foraging activity of D. gigas workers than contiguous forests. These differences in foraging activity were explained by differences in multiple stand‐level variables between urban forests patches and contiguous forests. Specifically, the abundance of foraging D. gigas workers increased with number of trees with Diamater at breast height (DBH) 5–30 cm, but it decreased with relative humidity, canopy cover, number of palms, number of shrubs and trees with DBH <5 cm.
Our study highlights the importance of urban forest patches, microclimate and vegetation structure for driving the diurnal foraging activity of Malaysian giant ant. Small and relatively large forest patches were of comparable importance for the maintenance of biodiversity in urban landscapes.
In the absence of landscape connectivity, reforestation is the most feasible option to restore the natural habitat of D. gigas in urban forest patches and mitigate microclimatic edge effects.
Urban intensity gradients shape community structure, life‐history traits and performance in a multitrophic system
Authors: Casanelles‐Abella Joan , Pellissier Loïc , Aleixo Cristiana , Orti Marta Alós , Chiron François , Deguines Nicolas , Laanisto Lauri , Myczko Łukasz , Müller Stefanie , Niinemets Ülo , Pinho Pedro , Samson Roeland , Tryjanowski Piotr , Villarroya‐Villalba Lucía , Moretti Marco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urban ecosystems are formed by pronounced socio‐ecological gradients, which are distinct from other ecosystems and can simultaneously filter and promote taxa, ultimately affecting their interactions. However, the strength of the effect of filtering and facilitation across the different trophic levels could vary among biotic and abiotic factors.
Here, we investigate the effects of habitat amount, temperature and host‐enemy biotic interactions in shaping communities of cavity‐nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies. We installed trap‐nests in 80 sites distributed along urban intensity gradients in five European cities (Antwerp, Paris, Poznan, Tartu and Zurich). We quantified the species richness and abundance of hosts and their natural enemies, as well as two performance traits (survival and parasitism) and two life‐history traits (sex ratio and number of offspring per nest for the hosts). We analysed the importance of the abiotic and biotic variables using generalised linear models and multi‐model inference.
We found that habitat amount was the main driver of multiple host responses, with larger habitat amounts resulting in higher species richness and abundance for hosts and natural enemies, as well as a larger probability of survival and a larger number of brood cells for hosts.
Local resources proxies shaped both bees and wasps and indicate different uses of existing vegetation between bees and wasps. Temperature proxies had a minor role in shaping host and natural enemies.
Biotic interactions were a main driver of host and enemy community structure, with natural enemies being strongly affected by host availability, that is, with direct density‐dependence between hosts and their natural enemies.
Overall, our study highlights the importance of habitat amount and temperature in shaping urban food webs, as well as on biotic interactions through direct effects on hosts responses and the subsequent consequences for their natural enemies. As cities prepare to tackle the consequences of global change, strategies that make it possible to maintain habitat and mitigate urban overheating emerge as a key urban adaptation for biodiversity conservation.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus‐Associated Hospitalizations in Children: A 10‐Year Population‐Based Analysis in Finland, 2008–2018
Authors: Uusitupa Erika , Waris Matti , Vuorinen Tytti , Heikkinen Terho 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization is highest during the first months of life, but few studies have assessed the population‐based rates of hospitalization in monthly age groups of infants.MethodsWe determined the average population‐based rates of hospitalization with virologically confirmed RSV infections in children ≤15 years of age admitted during the 10‐year period of 2008–2018. Testing for RSV was routine in all children hospitalized with respiratory infections, and all RSV‐positive children admitted at any time during the study period were included in the analyses.ResultsThe annual population‐based rate of RSV hospitalization was highest in infants 1 month of age (52.0 per 1000 children; 95% CI, 45.2–59.7), followed by infants <1 month of age (34.8 per 1000; 95% CI, 29.2–41.1) and those 2 months of age (32.2 per 1000; 95% CI, 26.9–38.4). In cumulative age groups, the rate of hospitalization was 39.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 36.2–43.4) among infants <3 months of age, 26.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 24.8–29.0) in infants aged <6 months, and 15.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 14.7–17.0) in those <12 months of age.ConclusionIn monthly age groups of infants, the incidence rates of virologically confirmed RSV hospitalization in all infants up to 3 months of age were substantially higher than those reported in earlier studies. These data may be important for improving the estimates of the cost‐effectiveness of various interventions to reduce the burden of RSV in young infants.
Effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions in improving sleep quality after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soh Pei Qi Peggy , Wong Wei Hao Timothy , Roy Tanushri , Tam Wilson Wai San 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbance is highly prevalent among post‐operative cardiac patients, with negative impacts on surgical recovery and rehabilitation. Post‐operative pain and anxiety commonly seen in cardiac surgery patients are associated with poor sleep. Sleep medications commonly used are not ideal with prolonged usage, and non‐pharmacological interventions can be good alternatives or complements.AimTo examine effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions in post‐operative cardiac settings on sleep quality, pain intensity and anxiety.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were searched on 12 October 2022. Randomised controlled trials of non‐pharmacological interventions examining sleep quality for adult post‐operative cardiac patients were included. Included studies were appraised using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 1. Meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan version 5.4.1, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and Cochran Q's test.ResultsEighteen studies involving 1701 participants were identified. Coronary artery bypass graft was most common. Non‐pharmacological interventions varied in types and duration. All intervention groups were compared to usual care, placebo, no interventions or active comparators. Statistically significant improvement in sleep quality (SMD = −.91, 95% CI = −1.17 to −.65) was found among intervention groups that explored cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation techniques, exercise, massage, acupressure, aromatherapy, music, eye mask and earplugs. Pain intensity was reduced (SMD = −.63, 95% CI = −1.05 to −.20) with cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation techniques, massage, music and eye mask. Anxiety was improved (SMD = −.21, 95% CI = −.38 to −.04) with exercise and music.ConclusionThe overall use of non‐pharmacological interventions can optimise sleep after cardiac surgery. Further research with greater methodological rigour is needed to investigate different intervention‐related characteristics while considering potential confounders.Relevance to Clinical PracticePost‐operative cardiac settings can consider incorporating non‐pharmacological interventions. Patients and healthcare providers can be better informed about the use of such interventions to improve sleep.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42022384991.
Unlocking effective coordination: A knowledge‐based multilevel perspective on supplier integration into product development
Authors: Donmez Mehmet , Norheim‐Hansen Anne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSupplier integration into product development (SIPD) provides better access to the specialized knowledge of suppliers but brings about interdependencies and difficulties related to effective coordination. The literature implicitly assumes that coordination in SIPD can be understood and resolved through a single‐level view. This article challenges this assumption and argues for simultaneous attention to knowledge interdependencies at the product, supplier, and buyer–supplier levels. Component modularity, supplier knowledge modularity, and knowledge complementarity are focal concepts at each respective level. Theorizing from a knowledge‐based multilevel perspective, this article constructs a typology of effective coordination. Interrelationships among the concepts reveal patterns of required coordination embedded in the system before product development, enabling partners to effectively direct coordination efforts during development. The framework exposes a dilemma overlooked in the single‐level coordination view. For example, when there is low component modularity and high supplier knowledge modularity (i.e., opposing forces for and against coordination), it is difficult to reason how to coordinate SIPD. Proposing that each high/low modularity configuration calls for a specific type of knowledge complementarity, this article contributes to resolving this dilemma.
Resisting change: Explaining education policy reforms in Ghana
Authors: Saaka Saaka Sulemana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article examines the complexities surrounding the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) within Ghana's basic education system, exploring the intersection of religious, cultural, and political factors. Introducing CSE has sparked significant public discourse and resistance in Ghana, where religious and cultural beliefs are deeply ingrained and often institutionalized in politics. The study utilizes punctuated equilibrium theory to understand the sustained opposition to CSE policy changes. It examines the historical progression of Ghana's educational reforms, highlighting the struggle to maintain cultural and religious values while promoting human rights and gender equality. The contribution of this study is its exploration of the political institutionalization of religion in Ghana, investigating the combined impact of religious bodies, political entities, and civil organizations in shaping public opinion on education policy reform. It further underscores the intricate task of navigating socio‐cultural beliefs and human rights in policy‐making processes.Related ArticlesBingham, Natasha. 2016. “Fighting for Our Cause: The Impact of Women's NGOs on Gender Policy Adoption in Four Former Soviet Republics.” Politics & Policy 44(2): 294–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12155.Holst, Cathrine, and Mari Teigen. 2024. “The ‘Boy Problem’ in Public Policy.” Politics & Policy 52(1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12570.Nchofoung, Tii, Simplice Asongu, Vanessa Tchamyou, and Ofeh Edoh. 2022. “Gender, Political Inclusion, and Democracy in Africa: Some Empirical Evidence.” Politics & Policy 51(1): 137–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12505.
Transfusion‐related errors and associated adverse reactions and blood product wastage as reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module, 2014–2022
Authors: Chavez Ortiz Joel L. , Griffin Isabel , Kazakova Sophia V. , Stewart Phylicia B. , Kracalik Ian , Basavaraju Sridhar V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion‐related errors are largely preventable but may lead to blood product wastage and adverse reactions, resulting in patient harm. In the United States, the incidence of transfusion‐related errors is poorly understood nationally. We used data from the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Hemovigilance Module to describe and quantify transfusion‐related errors, as well as associated transfusion‐related adverse reactions and blood product wastage.MethodsDuring 2014–2022, data from the NHSN Hemovigilance Module were used to analyze errors, including near misses (errors with no transfusion), incidents (errors with transfusion), and associated serious adverse reactions (severe, life‐threatening, or death).ResultsDuring 2014–2022, 80 acute care facilities (75 adult; 5 pediatric) reported 63,900 errors. Most errors occurred during patient blood sample collection (21,761, 34.1%) and blood sample handling (16,277, 25.5%). Less than one‐fifth of reported errors (9822, 15.4%) had a completed incident form. Of those, 8780 (89.3%) were near misses and 1042 (10.7%) incidents. More than a third of near misses (3363, 38.3%) were associated with a discarded blood product, resulting in 4862 discarded components. Overall, 87 adverse reactions were associated with errors; six (7%) were serious.ConclusionsOver half of the transfusion‐related errors reported to the Hemovigilance Module occurred during blood sample collection or sample handling. Some serious adverse reactions identified were associated with errors, suggesting that additional safety interventions may be beneficial. Increased participation in the Hemovigilance Module could enhance generalizability and further inform policy development regarding error prevention.