bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy generation due to jet impingement on a surface: effect of annular nozzle outer angle
Authors: Shuja S.Z. , Yilbas B.S. , Budair M.O. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine entropy generation rate in the flow field due jet emanating from an annular nozzle and impinging on to a flat plate. Since the flow field changes with the geometric configuration of the annular nozzle, the influence of nozzle outer cone angle on the entropy generation rate is considered.Design/methodology/approachThe steady flow field pertinent to jet impingement on to a flat plate is modeled with appropriate boundary conditions. A control volume approach is introduced to discretize the governing equations of flow and to simulate the physical situation numerically. Entropy generation rate due to heat transfer and fluid friction is formulated. The resulting entropy equations are solved numerically.FindingsThermodynamic irreversibility, which is quantified through entropy generation rate, gives insight into the thermodynamics losses in the flow system. Entropy generation rate is highly affected by the nozzle outer cone angle. In this case, increasing nozzle outer cone angle enhances the entropy generation rate, particularly due to fluid friction.Research limitations/implicationsThe predictions may be extended to include the nozzle area ratio and mass flow rate variation.Practical implicationsThe paper is a very useful source of physical information for improving nozzle design, particularly that which is used in a laser thick material cutting operation. It disseminates information for those working on both laser machining applications and entropy generation in flow systems.Originality/valueThis paper discusses the physical issues related to the entropy generation rate and offers practical help to an individual starting out on an academic career.
The unsteady boundary layer flow past a circular cylinder in micropolar fluids
Authors: Ali Anati , Amin Norsarahaida , Pop Ioan 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the unsteady boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid past a circular cylinder which is started impulsively from rest.Design/methodology/approachThe nonlinear partial differential equations consisting of three independent variables are solved numerically using the 3D Keller‐box method.FindingsNumerical solutions for the velocity profiles, wall skin friction and microrotation profiles are obtained and presented for various values of time t and material parameter K with the boundary condition for microrotation n=0 (strong concentration of microelements) and n=1/2 (weak concentration of microelements). The results are presented along the points on the cylinder surface, starting from the forward to the rear stagnation point, for small time up to the time when the boundary layer flow separates from the cylinder.Originality/valueIt is believed that this is the first paper that uses the 3D Keller‐box method to study the unsteady boundary layer flow of micropolar fluids. In the last four decades, there has been overhelming interest shown by researchers in micropolar fluids and still many problems are unsolved. The paper shows not only the fundamental importance of this problem, but also the implications for situations of practical interest.
A fully explicit three‐step SPH algorithm for simulation of non‐Newtonian fluid flow
Authors: Hosseini S.M. , Manzari M.T. , Hannani S.K. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper sets out to present a fully explicit smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to solve non‐Newtonian fluid flow problems.Design/methodology/approachThe governing equations are momentum equations along with the continuity equation which are described in a Lagrangian framework. A new treatment similar to that used in Eulerian formulations is applied to viscous terms, which facilitates the implementation of various inelastic non‐Newtonian models. This approach utilizes the exact forms of the shear strain rate tensor and its second principal invariant to calculate the shear stress tensor. Three constitutive laws including power‐law, Bingham‐plastic and Herschel‐Bulkley models are studied in this work. The imposition of the incompressibility is fulfilled using a penalty‐like formulation which creates a trade‐off between the pressure and density variations. Solid walls are simulated by the boundary particles whose positions are fixed but contribute to the field variables in the same way as the fluid particles in flow field.FindingsThe performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed by solving three test cases including a non‐Newtonian dam‐break problem, flow in an annular viscometer using the aforementioned models and a mud fluid flow on a sloping bed under an overlying water. The results obtained by the proposed SPH algorithm are in close agreement with the available experimental and/or numerical data.Research limitations/implicationsIn this work, only inelastic non‐Newtonian models are studied. This paper deals with 2D problems, although extension of the proposed scheme to 3D is straightforward.Practical implicationsThis study shows that various types of flow problems involving fluid‐solid and fluid‐fluid interfaces can be solved using the proposed SPH method.Originality/valueUsing the proposed numerical treatment of viscous terms, a unified and consistent approach was devised to study various non‐Newtonian flow models.
Application and performance comparison of high‐resolution central schemes for the black oil model
Authors: Naderan H. , Manzari M.T. , Hannani S.K. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of a specific class of high‐resolution central schemes in conjunction with the black oil models for hydrocarbon reservoir simulation.Design/methodology/approachA generalized black oil model is adopted, in which the solubility of gas in both oil and water and evaporation of oil are considered, leading to a system of equations prone to degeneracy. A computer code is generated and three test cases are solved to evaluate the performance of various schemes in terms of accuracy and discontinuity handling.FindingsIt is shown that, although some of the central schemes are highly sensitive to the choice of Courant‐Friedrich‐Levy (CFL) number and produce overly diffusive results, a certain type of this class is insensitive to the CFL number and can conveniently handle degenerate equations appearing in the reservoir simulation. The obtained results are compared with those available in the literature, showing merits of this class of schemes in complex reservoir simulation models.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper gives the one‐dimensional implementation of the above‐mentioned schemes. Extension to higher dimensional black oil model is currently under development by the authors.Practical implicationsThe specific class of high‐resolution central schemes investigated here presents the same level of accuracy as more complicated numerical methods, yet keeping it much more simple, by avoiding Riemann solvers.Originality/valueThe high‐resolution central scheme used in this work has been newly developed and applied to simple scalar hyperbolic equations. It has been adopted for the black oil for the first time.
How to avoid the pitfalls of employee‐satisfaction surveys
Authors: Lusty David 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis article shows how to get the most from employee‐satisfaction surveys.Design/methodology/approachDescribes some frequently overlooked steps of successful employee‐satisfaction surveys and demonstrates how to avoid the pitfalls.FindingsStresses the importance of top‐management commitment, proper design, good communications and feedback, comparing like with like, and guarantees of anonymity for survey respondents.Practical implicationsUrges organizations not to try to handle employee‐satisfaction surveys internally – advice that is unsurprising given that the author is a supplier of survey consultancy and support services.Originality/valueHighlights the advantages to the organization of a proper employee‐satisfaction survey.
Menzies distribution takes the first steps to becoming a “future proof” organization
Authors: Mackay Renee 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis article describes individual coaching and a program of 360‐degree feedback used with Menzies Distribution's senior‐management team, including the managing director and full executive board.Design/methodology/approachDetails how 360‐degree instrument used included behavioral analysis of eight competencies across 18 skill sets. It asked managers to rate themselves on core competencies such as communication, leadership, adaptability, relationships, task management, production, development of others, personal development and problem solving. It then asked their peers, bosses and direct reports to rate them across the same competencies.FindingsReveals that managers across the business were good at getting the job done, were task focused and could be relied upon to implement, but they were weak in critically analyzing their systems and processes and then redesigning them for the better.Practical implicationsArgues that the business now has a management team that is ready, willing and able to react to and lead change.Originality/valueHighlights how 360‐degree feedback was a necessary first step to get a clear picture of the talent across the business before any management‐development and coaching work could begin.
Corporate social responsibility: the risks and opportunities for HR
Authors: Ledwidge Jonathan 
Published: August 2007

PurposeAdvances the view that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has brought risks and opportunities for HR managers, and that managing the risks and exploiting the opportunities will require reappraisal of existing approaches to HR and the scope of its activities.Design/methodology/approachArgues that, more often than not, an organization's identity differs from that of its CSR program, because CSR is most often seen as complementary rather than integral to the organization's core strategy. Highlights, through the examples of BP and Bristol Myers Squibb, what can result from this corporate schizophrenia.FindingsShows that this corporate schizophrenia represents a major challenge for HR managers, who must ensure that employee‐development programs are geared to ensuring that the customer experience reflects the organization's values with respect to the community and that the human and social values that CSR programs profess to hold dear are fully integrated into the strategic and operational fabric of the organization.Practical implicationsPresents the human‐asset model, which recognizes that today's organizations are best defined as a network of human assets – managers, employees, suppliers, customers, and the wider community. In this model, success is determined by the extent to which these assets are motivated to work and collaborate in pursuit of a common vision or purpose.Originality/valueHighlights the need for HR professionals to engineer their organizational‐development and transformation programs around the relevant human and social values.
Interview with Emmanuel Gobillot
Authors: Powell Sarah 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper provides an interview with Emmanuel Gobillot.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides an interview with Hay Group Director of Leadership Services Emmanuel Gobillot who argues that to deliver results leaders must engage employees in relationships based on trust and meaningful dialogue – mirroring the social relationships that people foster outside the workplace.FindingsEmmanuel Gobillot emphasizes the need for leaders to cultivate self‐awareness so that they can gauge the impact they have on employees and customers. Explores the barriers to being a “connected” leader and the difference between good and great leaders. Explains that performance‐related pay runs the risk of employees becoming reward‐ rather than goal‐oriented and stresses how important it is for leaders to satisfy employees' desire for meaning, belonging and recognition in their work.Originality/valueThe paper provides an insightful interview with Emmanuel Gobillot.
Keeping the workplace safe
Authors: Pitt Mike 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to examine health and safety in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses violence in the workplace.FindingsThe Home Office and Health and Safety Executive produced a joint report which showed that by far the highest “at risk” group in terms of actual physical violence were workers in the security and protective services. They were closely followed by nurses, care workers, public‐transport workers and people working in the hotel and catering trade, education and retail.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful advice on work‐related accidents or violence.
An analysis of the repositioning of the “BMW Mini” brand
Authors: Simms C. , Trott P. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to adopt a consumer behaviour perspective and investigate the extent to which BMW has repositioned the new “Mini”. It builds on a previous paper that explored perceptions of the “Mini” brand.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a two‐stage approach to data collection, consisting of 66 in‐depth interviews with a cross section of important stakeholders with high brand awareness and knowledge. The paper develops a conceptual framework and offers a novel way for firms to consider the effects of their repositioning strategies on consumers perceptions of a brand.FindingsThe findings reveal a substantial repositioning of the brand's functional appeal, moving away from the car's price as an appeal towards product build quality. Furthermore, the Mini's symbolic appeal, which is based on its fun and sporty image, has largely remained in place.Practical implicationsFirms need to recognise the importance of repositioning at both the symbolic and functional level.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel conceptual framework for viewing repositioning strategies and presents evidence of repositioning at both the functional and symbolic level.
Managing brand consistent employee behaviour: relevance and managerial control of behavioural branding
Authors: Henkel Sven , Tomczak Torsten , Heitmann Mark , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis study aims to show that brand success can be improved if the brand promise that is communicated through mass media campaigns is lived up to by each employee of a company. The paper terms such brand consistent employee behaviour behavioural branding and identifies managerial instruments for its implementation and management.Design/methodology/approachThe model in the paper explains the brand's contribution to company success by brand consistent employee behaviour, functional employee performance and brand congruent mass media communication. Brand consistent employee behaviour and functional employee performance in turn are modelled as determined by formal and informal management techniques as well as employee empowerment. The model is tested on a sample of 167 senior managers using partial least squares and finds empirical support. Furthermore, practical implications are provided based on additional top management focus groups.FindingsThe paper finds that behavioural branding determines the brand's contribution to company success. Further, the results show that informal management and employee empowerment have a far stronger impact on the brand consistency of employee behaviour than formal management instruments.Practical implicationsManagers should spend more time explaining and discussing targets of behavioural branding, and they should create an organisational environment that enables employees to find their own individual ways of articulating a brand to customers.Originality/valueThe framework in the paper integrates personal and non‐personal facets of interaction for a holistic explanation of brand performance. It provides a broader understanding of factors affecting the accruement of a customer's brand experience and enables researchers and practitioners to develop more consistent and promising brand management activities.
Does Diageo make your Guinness taste better?
Authors: Muzellec Laurent , Lambkin Mary 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to analyse the effect of abandoning a venerable brand name (Guinness) and all of the reputation value that it embodied in favour of a new, untested name (Diageo). The paper seeks to examine the extent to which this affects consumers' perceptions of the product and the corporation.Design/methodology/approachSix hypotheses were tested in the study by surveying corporate and product brand images among a group of consumers (n=411) using the Davieset al.Corporate Character Scale.FindingsThe survey establishes that a change of corporate name does affect the perceptions of the corporation but not the products. It also confirms that image spillovers occur between the corporate and the product levels. Corporate image is derived from product image, and vice versa, when the two share the same name.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the case study approach allows the gaining of a deep insight into a phenomenon, it is at the expense of generalisability.Practical implicationsThe study implies that consumers fail to distinguish between product and corporate brand when the two share the same name. Managers may neutralise corporate images by attributing a different brand name to the corporation.Originality/valueThe paper seeks to fill the conceptual vacuum in which decisions to adopt a new corporate name and rearrange the brand architecture seem to be made.
How the strength of parent brand associations influence the interaction effects of brand breadth and product similarity with brand extension evaluations
Authors: Wu Cochen , Yen Yung‐Chien 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the strength of brand associations, different brand breadths, and the similarity between a parent brand's product categories and its extension product categories influence consumers' attitudes toward brand extensions.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental research design was applied to testing the set of hypotheses. A total of 384 respondents participated in the main study. This study analyzed experimental results using analysis of variance (ANOVA).FindingsThe paper finds that when a brand is extended to similar product categories, only when the association is strong (trust or affect) will consumers prefer the extension of the narrow brand to that of the broad brand. Conversely, when a brand is extended to dissimilar product categories, regardless of the brand associations (trust or affect), consumers prefer the extension of the favorable broad brand to that of the narrow brand.Practical implicationsFor corporations that operate within a narrow brand, brand extension strategies must be based on parent brand associations (trust or affect) that are very strong. In addition, the extension must only be to extremely similar product categories. In contrast, for corporations operating a broad brand, although the chance of brand extension success is better, favorability of consumer brand association (trust or affect) must never be ignored.Originality/valueThe study results reemphasize the importance of brand breadth effects when launching category extensions. Also, the research provides new insight into the strength of parent brand associations when evaluating consumers' brand attitude on brand extension.
New consumers need new brands
Authors: Burnett John , Hutton R. Bruce 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe value of branding as an effective part of a company's marketing strategy is changing as the needs of the consumer has changed. The purpose of this paper is to identify these changes and to prescribe specific modifications that should be made to the brand and its implementation.Design/methodology/approachTo better understand the evolving consumer a anthropological approach was employed. A variety of recent studies were considered and it was determined that today's consumer has three prominent needs: knowledge, authenticity, and personal experiences. The paper posits that creating positive experiences, via knowledge and authenticity, represents the next evolutionary phase of brand success.FindingsBased on this new perspective on branding, the paper offers the following recommendations to brand managers and CMOs: discern the nature of the relationship customers want with the brand; position brand managers as spiritual leaders; speak to the end‐user through experiences and metaphors; create a master narrative that reflects the company's core value and is operationalized through the brand; apply the paradox of transparency; build your brand from the inside out, by encouraging employees to be advocates; and examine your current and desired brand personality.Practical implicationsThe recommendations and examples of implementation offer the brand manager a roadmap to success. Although these changes would require the support of top management, the benefits are apparent.Originality/valueIt is critical that brand managers both understand and embrace the changes that are occurring within the consumer sector of society. More importantly, these managers must develop strategic and sound principles and practices that respond to these changes. This paper identifies these changes and offers solutions.
Format effects in volume discounts to consumers
Authors: Parguel Béatrice , De Pechpeyrou Pauline , Sabri‐Zaaraoui Ouidade , Desmet Pierre 
Published: August 2007

PurposeUsing a classification of benefits and costs of promotional offers along three routes – economic, informational and affective – this paper aims at evaluating, from the consumer's point of view, the relative perceptual disadvantages of separate‐item bundles compared to pre‐wrapped bundles.Design/methodology/approachThe marketing literature and a qualitative study based on 18 consumers permits the identification of the relative perceived costs and benefits associated with separate‐item bundles and for hypotheses to be derived. An experiment on a sample of 120 adult consumers was then set up to test these hypotheses.FindingsThe findings suggest that consumers associate separate‐item bundles with higher economic benefit but also with higher inspection costs. From a more global perspective, there is no loss of interest in separate‐item bundles compared to pre‐wrapped bundles.Research limitations/implicationsFocusing the research on separate‐item bundles clarifies the way consumers evaluate promotions. Its qualitative phase gives support to the relevance of an “informational route”, beyond the traditional utilitarian and hedonic routes. Its quantitative phase confirms the importance of cognitive biases in consumers' perceptions of promotions.Practical implicationsThe numerous advantages of separate‐item bundles for manufacturers and retailers and their attraction to consumers should lead to an increasingly intensive use in promotional campaigns. Besides, the quality of in‐store communication is the most important factor of the success of separate‐item bundles, which provides the opportunity to propose meaningful recommendations for practitioners.Originality/valueIf the strengths and weaknesses of separate‐item bundles have already been studied from a managerial point of view, to the authors' knowledge, no research has focused on separate‐item bundle efficiency from the consumer's point of view.