bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Precursor Approach” to Patterned Fluorescence Images in Polymer Films
Authors: Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn contrast to the conventional two‐step method, which involves the generation of reactive functional groups followed by incubation in a dye solution (a wet developing process), the “precursor approach” enables the rapid and cost‐effective generation of patterned images in one step, without the need for an additional wet process. By using the “precursor approach”, the fluorescence of precursor molecules in polymer films can be effectively manipulated by: (1) photoinduced removal of transient protecting groups; (2) photoinduced protonation or intramolecular proton transfer; (3) photochromism; (4) photoinduced formation of fluorophores; (5) photoinduced oxidative degradation or molecular orientation.magnified image
CF3SO3H Initiated Cationic Polymerization of Diisopropenylbenzenes in Macrobatch and Microflow Systems
Authors: Iwasaki Takeshi , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCF3SO3H was found to serve as a more superior initiator for the polymerization of diisopropenylbenzenes than the conventionally used acids such as H2SO4. Much faster polymerization at lower temperatures seems to be ascribed to the higher acidity of CF3SO3H. The use of microflow systems was also found to be effective in increasing the indane unit content, especially for 1,4‐DPB. Fast mixing and uniformity of the temperature seem to be responsible. The thus‐obtained polymers of high indane unit content serve as useful materials having high thermal resistance and low dielectric constants.magnified image
Analysis of olfactory function and the depth of olfactory sulcus in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kim Ji Youn , Lee Won Yong , Chung Eun Joo , Dhong Hun‐Jong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOlfactory deficit is known to occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore olfactory deficit in PD and to investigate its possible correlation with the disease severity or the depth of the olfactory sulcus. Fifty‐nine PD patients and 25 normal controls were examined by the odor identification test with the crosscultural smell identification test (CC‐SIT). Among these subjects, the depth of the olfactory sulcus of 42 PD patients and 8 controls was measured in the plane of the posterior tangent through the eyeballs using the coronal view brain MRI. The CC‐SIT scores of the PD patients were significantly lower than those of the normal control (P < 0.001). However, CC‐SIT did not correlate with the disease duration, H‐Y stage, score of UPDRS Part III, or the depth of either side of the olfactory sulcus (P > 0.05). Our study confirms that CC‐SIT is a helpful test in detecting the olfactory deficit in Korean PD patients. The absence of correlation of olfactory deficit with the disease severity or the depth of olfactory sulcus may suggest that olfactory loss precede the development of motor signs and not be a primary consequence of damage to the olfactory sulcus. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A novel GLRA1 mutation in a recessive hyperekplexia pedigree
Authors: Forsyth Rob J. , Gika Artemis D. , Ginjaar Ieke , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report the identification of a novel Y228C mutation within the M1 trans‐membrane domain of the GLRA1 subunit of the glycine receptor responsible for a severe recessive hyperekplexia phenotype in a Kurdish pedigree. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A new mixed finite element method for poro‐elasticity
Authors: Tchonkova Maria , Peters John , Sture Stein 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDevelopment of robust numerical solutions for poro‐elasticity is an important and timely issue in modern computational geomechanics. Recently, research in this area has seen a surge in activity, not only because of increased interest in coupled problems relevant to the petroleum industry, but also due to emerging applications of poro‐elasticity for modelling problems in biomedical engineering and materials science. In this paper, an original mixed least‐squares method for solving Biot consolidation problems is developed. The solution is obtained via minimization of a
least‐squares functional, based upon the equations of equilibrium, the equations of continuity and weak forms of the constitutive relationships for elasticity and Darcy flow. The formulation involves four separate categories of unknowns: displacements, stresses, fluid pressures and velocities. Each of these unknowns is approximated by linear continuous functions. The mathematical formulation is implemented in an original computer program, written from scratch and using object‐oriented logic. The performance of the method is tested on one‐ and two‐dimensional classical problems in poro‐elasticity. The numerical experiments suggest the same rates of convergence for all four types of variables, when the same interpolation spaces are used. The continuous linear triangles show the same rates of convergence for both compressible and entirely incompressible elastic solids. This mixed formulation results in non‐oscillating fluid pressures over entire domain for different moments of time. The method appears to be naturally stable, without any need of additional stabilization terms with mesh‐dependent parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA fragmentation in developing lung fibroblasts exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) toxins
Authors: McCrae K.C. , Rand T.G. , Shaw R.A. , Mantsch H.H. , Sowa M.G. , Thliveris J.A. , Scott J.E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStachybotrys chartarum (atra) is a toxic mold that grows on water‐damaged cellulose‐based materials. Research has revealed also that inhalation of S. chartarum spores caused marked changes in respiratory epithelium, especially to developing lungs. We analyzed the epigenetic potential of S. chartarum spore toxins on developing rat lung fibroblasts using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Isolated fetal lung fibroblasts were exposed to S. chartarum spore toxins for 15 min, 3, 14, or 24 hr and control cells were exposed to saline under the same conditions. Cells were embedded in agarose, electrophoresed under alkaline conditions and silver stained. DNA damage was assessed in terms of fragmentation as measured by comet tail length (DNA migration) and intensity (% DNA contained within head and tail). Upon visual inspection, control fibroblasts showed no DNA fragmentation whereas S. chartarum‐treated cells had definable comets of various degrees depending upon the time‐course. Analyses of the comets revealed that exposure to S. chartarum spore toxins for at least 15 min to 14 hr, induced increased DNA fragmentation in a time‐dependent manner. The fact that exposure to toxins for 24 hr showed less damage suggested that developing lung fibroblasts may have the capability of repairing DNA fragmentation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:592–599. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of extended defects in SiGe/Si heterostructures with SiGeC intermediate layers
Authors: Vdovin V. I. , Torack T. A. , Fei Lu , Reznik V. Ya. , Mil'vidskii M. G. , Falster R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe generation of misfit dislocations (MDs) and stacking faults (SFs) was studied by TEM and preferential chemical etching in multilayer Si(001)/SiGe/SiGeC(10 nm)/SiGe/Si heterostructures grown by CVD at 650 °C. Prior to growth of Si layer, the other part of heterostructure was annealed at 950 °C in the growth chamber to get relaxed buffer layers and strained Si layer free of extended defects. We used SiGe alloys with Ge content of 24 at.% and C content of 0.5 at.%. Carbon in the strained SiGe matrix was found to promote high rates of strain relaxation through the nucleation of perfect dislocation loops close to the interface with Si substrate. For Si layer thickness >10 nm, threading dislocations split in these layers under tensile strain to form SFs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical spectra and covalent chemistry of fulleropyrrolidines
Authors: Razbirin B. S. , Starukhin A. N. , Nelson D. K. , Sheka E. F. , Prato M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLow‐temperature vibronic spectra of two fulleropyrrolidines (1‐methyl‐3,4‐FP and 1‐methyl‐2(4‐pyridine)‐3,4‐FP) embedded in crystalline toluene matrix have been studied. Two‐component composition of the spectra has been established and charge‐transfer‐excitation origin of the structureless component has been suggested. Fine‐structured Shpol'skii spectra were observed for 1‐methyl‐3,4‐FP, which made possible to perform the vibrational analysis of its vibronic spectra. General similarities of the absorption spectra of fulleropyrrolidines and C60 molecules along with significant difference in their details have been discussed. A detailed interpretation of the C60 spectra serves as a basis for analyzing the spectra of the derivatives. Quantum‐chemical study is based on the effectively‐unpaired‐electron concept for the fullerene molecule. Computations have been performed for the singlet states of the molecules in unrestricted Hartree–Fock approximation implemented in AM1 semiempirical quantum chemical codes of the CLUSTER‐Z1 software. The population of the HOMO and LUMO of the molecules under study alongside with the lowering of the molecules symmetry have been proposed to explain the spectral features observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
σ‐Hole bonding and hydrogen bonding: Competitive interactions
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Lane Pat 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn certain molecular environments, a covalently‐bonded atom from Groups V–VII may have a region of significantly‐positive electrostatic potential on its outer side, along the extension of a covalent bond. This is due to the electron‐deficient outer lobe of a half‐filled p bonding orbital, which is called a “σ‐hole.” σ‐Hole bonding is the resulting highly directional noncovalent interaction that may occur with a nucleophile, e.g., a lone pair of a Lewis base. In this article, we compare the computed interaction energies and vibrational frequency shifts associated with the formation of a series of σ‐hole‐bonded and hydrogen‐bonded complexes. When the molecular environments of the atoms of Groups V–VII and the hydrogen are similar, then the hydrogen bond is usually the stronger one, although there are exceptions, as in the case of bromine. Overall, however, σ‐hole bonding can certainly be competitive with hydrogen bonding. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Modeling of ion processes in atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation
Authors: Berkout Vadym D. , Kryuchkov Sergey I. , Doroshenko Vladimir M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAtmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP‐MALDI) has proven a convenient and rapid method for ion production in the mass spectrometric analysis of biomolecules. This technique, like other atmospheric pressure ionization methods, suffers from ion loss during ion transmission from the atmosphere into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. In this work, a simple model describing ion formation and ion motion towards the inlet capillary of the mass spectrometer is described. Both the gas flow and electric field near the MALDI plate were numerically calculated using the boundary element method (BEM). The ions were moving along with the gas flow and drifting in the electric field in accordance with their ion mobility properties. The ion signal dependence on an electric field strength obtained in the proposed model correlates well with experimental results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of multiscale environmental flow methodologies as tools for optimized management of a Norwegian regulated national salmon watercourse
Authors: Halleraker J. H. , Sundt H. , Alfredsen K. T. , Dangelmaier G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe river Surna has been regulated for hydropower production since the late 1960s, with a minimum flow requirement of ca. 30% of the mean annual flow downstream of the power plant outlet, leaving a large by‐pass section with residual flow. This river has recently been selected as a national salmon watercourse by the Norwegian Parliament. Mitigations to protect the Atlantic salmon stock will be given priority in these rivers, and hence an environmental flow assessment (EFA) has been started to optimize hydropower production in relation to salmon habitat. A suite of methodologies for EFA like habitat‐hydraulic models, indicators of hydrological alteration (IHA), mesohabitat analysis, temperature simulations and optimalization of habitat improvements, has been applied across scales and seasons in this catchment. The EFA has been related to various hydropower schemes, to suggest more salmon‐friendly hydropower operation. A temperature‐adjusted running of the hydropower plant was found to have a major influence on the production of salmonids. Downstream of the hydropower station, rapid ramping has often occurred. This is possibly harmful for juvenile fish inhabiting the shallow parts of the river due to stranding. Based on our habitat modelling toolkit, we have suggested ramping guidelines to drastically reduce stranding of juvenile salmonids. Our EFA has indicated a great potential with mitigations to increase salmon production in the river Surna. For maximum gain, combinations of more gentle flow ramping, habitat improvements and/or environmental flow requirement (EFR) in the by‐pass section and temperature alteration by new intake arrangements and/or temperature‐adjusted run of the power plant are needed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum hitting time for random walks on graphs
Authors: Brightwell Graham , Winkler Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor x and y vertices of a connected graph G, let TG(x, y) denote the expected time before a random walk starting from x reaches y. We determine, for each n > 0, the n‐vertex graph G and vertices x and y for which TG(x, y) is maximized. the extremal graph consists of a clique on ⌊(2n + 1)/3⌋) (or ⌈)(2n − 2)/3⌉) vertices, including x, to which a path on the remaining vertices, ending in y, has been attached; the expected time TG(x, y) to reach y from x in this graph is approximately 4n3/27.
From conceptual change to transformative modeling: A case study of an elementary teacher in learning astronomy
Authors: Shen Ji , Confrey Jere 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis case study describes a teacher's development of and creativity in manipulating physical models in an astronomy course for in‐service science teachers of K‐8. Specifically, she organized a data table from several charts of numbers, constructed a moon‐ball model in addition to a 2‐D model, and created a hula hoop model as a concrete realization of her mental model. Examination of the transformation and construction processes revealed how she revised existing models and added new elements. These reconstruction experiences afforded her with a higher level of comprehension and self‐awareness of her mental models. Three of the teacher's actions contributed to her increased understanding and deployment of the models: she enhanced her autonomy by changing the given models and solving problems she was interested in; she communicated with her partners and shared her knowledge by materializing her models; and she constructed new models on the basis of her experience. This case study shows that the transformation process, especially a cascade of small steps with the emergence of a more dramatic departure, is a key to generating scientific knowledge. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 91:948–966, 2007
Eine Anwendung des absoluten Parallelismus auf die Schalentheorie .
Authors: Reutter F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNach einer kurzen Entwicklung der Theorie des absoluten Parallelismus werden mittels dieses mathematischen Apparates die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen für das deformierte Schalenelement aufgestellt und anschließend insbesondere die Fundamentalgrößen zweiter Ordnung der deformierten Schalenmittelfläche errechnet.
Über den Spannungszustand im Halbraum bei halbkugelförmiger Druckverteilung .
Authors: Usunoff Nicola 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVerfasser berechnet die räumliche Verteilung der senkrechten Spannungskomponente σx und der Schubspannung τ in einem Halbraum, auf dessen Oberfläche eine halbkugelförmig verteilte Belastung wirkt. Nach Aufstellung und Lösung des Grundintegrals werden die Spannungskurven für eine Reihe von Werten der σx und τ konstruiert. Merkbare Übereinstimmung dieser σx‐Kurven bzw.‐Flächen mit denjenigen, die von einer gleichwertigen Einzelkraft herrühren, ist bei Werten kleiner als 0,03 p0 vorhanden.
Harmonische Analyse diskreter Zahlenreihen .
Authors: Rud Erich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird ein Verfahren angegeben, mit Hilfe der bekannten Abminderungsfaktoren die Koeffizienten der Trigonometrischen Interpolation instrumentell zu bestimmen. Für die Koeffizienten der Interpolation vom Grade k wird eine Beziehung aufgestellt, die auf einfache Weise den Abminderungsfaktor τk zu berechnen gestattet. Schließlich werden die Formeln angegeben, mit deren Hilfe man den Harmonischen Analysator auch zur Harmonischen Synthese verwenden kann.
Über eine Schwingungserscheinung in Flüssigkeiten mit stabiler Dichteschichtung
Authors: Görtler H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Theorie der erzwungenen kleinen Schwingungen in einer der Schwerkraft unterworfenen reibungslosen Flüssigkeit mit stabiler Dichteschichtung führt zur Voraussage einer neuartigen Schwingungserscheinung: Die Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung für die Verschiebungsamplituden zeitlich harmonischer Schwingungen als Funktionen der Ortskoordinaten ist für Frequenzen unterhalb eines von der jeweiligen Dichteschichtung abhängigen kritischen Werts vom hyperbolischen Typ. Demgemäß treten Regularitätsdefekte dieser Größen an einem Orte zugleich in allen Punkten der durch diesen Ort gehenden reellen Charakteristiken der Differentialgleichung auf. In einfachen Experimenten läßt sich diese Erscheinung beobachten. Die theoretischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Charakteristikenverlaufs im einzelnen erfahren dabei ihr Bestätigung.
Mathematische Theorie der Zeit/Menge‐Beziehungen bestimmter Vergiftungsvorgänge
Authors: Geppert Maria‐Pia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird der Versuch unternommen, eine bei gewissen kontinuierlichen Vergiftungen empirisch gefundene Beziehung zwischen konstanter Infusionsgeschwindigkeit und Infusionsdauer (bis zum Tode) aus bestimmten Annahmen über die Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit des betreffenden Giftes mathematisch herzuleiten. Die Untersuchung wird ausgedehnt auf weitere, dem Gesetz der monomolekularen Reaktion bzw. dem Massenwirkungsgesetz verwandte Annahmen über die Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit.
Numerische Integration einer Differentialgleichung der Wellenmechanik
Authors: Schade Th. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die numerische Auswertung einer speziellen Schrödingergleichung des Mehrkörperproblems der Atomphysik unter Zugrundelegung gewisser analytischer Aussagen vor allem im asymptotischen Verhalten der Lösung der Differentialgleichung. Damit kann das bisherige Auswertungsverfahren erheblich gekürzt werden.Im I. und II. Teil wird die Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung als Eigenwertproblem behandelt, wobei auch an Hand von Störungsrechnungen quantitative Aussagen über Eigenwertänderungen bei Änderung des Potentials und anderer Funktionen der Differentialgleichung gemacht werden, die für die Iterationsrechnung wesentlich sind.
Beitrag zur Entstehung von Wasserwellen durch Wind
Authors: Wuest Walter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Entstehung von Wasserwellen durch Wind wird auf eine Instabilität der ebenen Wasserfläche gegenüber kleinen Störungen zurückgeführt. Dabei werden laminare Grenzschichten in Wasser und Luft berücksichtigt und für die Grundströmung lineare und gekrümmte Geschwindigkeitsprofile zugrundegelegt. Die Rechnung ergibt einen wesentlichen Einfluß der Luftgrenzschicht und die Wellenlänge der zuerst gebildeten Wellen hängt von der Grenzschichtdicke ab.
Ein Beitrag zur Statik der Kreisplatten
Authors: Jung H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDurch die Anwendung der Hankeltransformation ist es gelungen, Differentialgleichungen auf einem neuen einfachen Weg zu lösen. Das Verfahren wurde zur Bestimmung der Durchbiegung von Kreisplatten bei rotationssymmetrischer Lastverteilung herangezogen. Auf demselben Weg lassen sich Verfahren zur Behandlung der Druckverteilung unter Kreisplatten, die auf einem elastischen Medium aufliegen, finden. Ebenfalls kann auf diesem Weg die „Wärmebeulung von Kreisplatten”︁ behandelt werden.
Die Entspannungswelle bei plötzlichem Einschnitt eines gespannten elastischen Körpers
Authors: Maue A.‐W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEin unter Zug stehendes elastisches Medium wird senkrecht zur Zugspannung von einer Seite her momentan aufgeschnitten. Die Untersuchung des ablaufenden Entspannungsvorganges wird als zweidimensionales Problem durchgeführt. Die Lösung erfolgt unter Benutzung der vorliegenden Ähnlichkeitsverhältnisse mit funktionentheoretischen Methoden.
Über die Darstellung der Durchbiegung von rechteckigen Platten durch Integrale der ϑ‐Logarithmen
Authors: Müller Wilhelm 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür die Darstellung der Durchbiegung von rechteckigen Platten werden einige neue komplexe Reihen aufgestellt, die aus den Logarithmen der ϑ‐Funktionen durch Integration ableitbar sind. Diese Reihenfunktionen werden im Gebiet des Elementarrechtecks tabuliert und der Verlauf des Realteils und des Imaginärteils durch die Niveaulinien veranschaulicht. Die in der Arbeit behandlte Anwendung bezieht sich auf die wichtigen Sonderfälle einer durchlaufenden Pilzdecke und einer in einem Punkt belasteten frei aufliegenden Platte.
Elementarer Beweis für die Eindeutigkeit der Strömung in der laminaren Grenzschicht zur Potentialströmung U_u1xm mit m ⩾ 0 bei Absaugen und Ausblasen
Authors: Iglisch Rudolf 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMan beherrscht die Strömung in der laminaren Grenzschicht um einen ebenen unendlich ausgedehnten Keil vom Öffnungswinkel β · π, zu der die Potentialströmung U=u1 xm mit m=β/(2–β) gehört, wenn man die gewöhnliche Differentialgleichung f‴ + ff″+β (1–f′2) = 0 unter den Randbedingungen f(0) = C, f′(0)=0, f′(∞)=1 löst. Daß dieses Problem für β ⩾ 0 nur eine einzige Lösung besitzen kann, unter der Zusatzbedingung f′(η)>0 für η > 0 (das bedeutet eine Strömung ohne Rückfließen), wird in der folgenden Note auf elementarem Wage bewiesen.
Die Einschließung von Eigenwerten hermitescher Matrizen beim Iterationsverfahren
Authors: Kreyszig E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIm Anschluß an eine Theorie von Wielandt [1,2]Laufende Nummer des Literaturverzeichnisses am Schluß der Arbeit.
werden Einschließungsintervalle für die Eigen werte einer gegebenen hermiteschen Matrix A auf Grund einer ebenfalls gegebenen Iterationsfolge von Vektoren x0, x1=Ax0, …, xs=Asx0 ermittelt. Abschnitt 1 bringt Ergebnisse von Wielandt, Abschnitt 2 Beiträge zur Theorie des „Zweischrittverfahrens”︁ und Abschnitt 3 die numerische Durchführung der Einschließung beim Ein‐ und Zweischrittverfahren.