bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin shock in the pig: Beneficial effects of pretreatment with prednisolone sodium succinate
Authors: Schrauwen Ε. M. , Houvenaghel A. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In anesthetized pigs, the influence on cardiovascular performance and on survival rate of iv administration of a large dose of endotoxin (0.5 mg/ kg of body weight) was examined. This dose of endotoxin (ld100) resulted in a progressively evolving deterioration of cardiovascular functions and in the death of all animals within 210 minutes (mean ± sem: 107 ± 13 minutes) after it was given. The iv injection of prednisolone sodium succinate, 10 mg/kg at 25 minutes before dosing the pigs with endotoxin resulted in a significant increase in survival time. This effect of the glycocorticoid can only partly be ascribed to an amelioration of the cardiovascular dysfunctions.
Prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in Quebec
Authors: Elazhary M. A. S. Y. , Silim A. , Dea S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of Quebec from June to August 1982. Sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpesvirus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine viral diarrhea virus, 22.2%; to bovine herpesvirus-1, 10.8%; and to parainfluenza-3 virus, 23.2%. Antibodies prevailed in similar proportions in young (< 1 year) and adult (> 1 year) animals.
Cutaneous innervation of the thorax and abdomen of the dog
Authors: Bailey Cleta Sue , Kitchell Ralph L. , Haghighi Siavash S. , Johnson Richard D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The anatomy of the cutaneous nerves innervating the canine thorax and abdomen was investigated by gross dissection of 38 dogs. Additionally, the cutaneous areas innervated by the thoracic and abdominal cutaneous nerves were mapped in a 2nd group of 33 barbiturate-anesthetized male dogs, using electrophysiologic techniques. The skin of the thorax was innervated by dorsal cutaneous branches, lateral cutaneous branches, and ventral cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves. The dorsal cutaneous branches were branches of the dorsal primary branches of spinal nerves C6 and T2 through T11. The lateral cutaneous branches were branches of the ventral primary branches of spinal nerves T2 through T12. The ventral cutaneous branches were branches of the ventral primary branches of spinal nerves T2 through T10. The skin of the abdomen was innervated by dorsal and lateral cutaneous branches of spinal nerves T12 through L3 (and occasionally L4). The cutaneous areas of the dorsal cutaneous branches occupied the dorsal half of the scapular and thoracic regions and the dorsal 2/5 of the abdominal region. The cutaneous areas of the lateral cutaneous branches covered the major portion of the ventral half of the thorax and the ventral 3/5 of the abdomen. The cutaneous areas of the ventral cutaneous branches occupied the axilla and the ventral part of the thoracic wall.
Vitamin E requirement of mink with special reference to tocopherol composition in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue
Authors: Työppönen J. , Hakkarainen J. , Juokslahti T. , Lindberg P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tissue responses of 4 different tocopherols found in a basal diet (bd) and the effect of 2 physiologic levels of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (25 and 150 mg/kg) on tissue tocopherol content were studied in the mink.
The bd contained a total of 7.1 mg vitamin E/kg, with α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol in a ratio of 1:0.07:0.55:0.10, respectively. The corresponding ratios in the tissues were: liver, 1:0.04:0.12:0; plasma, 1:0:0.13:0; and adipose tissue, 1:0:0.19:0. After mink were fed diets containing vitamin E, α- and γ-tocopherol were distributed in similar proportions in plasma and liver, but γ-tocopherol was in a slightly higher proportion in adipose tissue. Addition of 25 or 150 mg/kg of α-tocopheryl acetate to the bd decreased the γ-tocopherol levels in all 3 tissues; this was considered to be a dilution effect of other tocopherols in bd with added α-tocopheryl acetate. The β-tocopherol content in the liver remained unchanged, irrespective of the dietary amount of α-tocopheryl acetate.
Plasma α-tocopherol had a linear relationship to log dietary dose, with an apparent half-saturation of the vitamin E binding capacity at 13 mg vitamin E/kg diet. At the given dietary levels, liver and adipose continued to accumulate α-tocopherol. The correlation between total plasma lipids and plasma α-tocopherol was significant (P < 0.001) only in the group fed the bd.
Vitamin E analysis of plasma could be used as a routine method for controlling the vitamin E status of mink. The liver and adipose tissue were, however, more responsive to physiologic doses of vitamin E, and were more reliable organs for the establishment of vitamin E status in the mink.
Seemingly, 30 mg of vitamin E/kg of diet was a satisfactory minimum to ensure an adequate vitamin E status in mink.
Bovine pulmonary alveolar macrophages: Antemortem recovery and in vitro evaluation of bacterial phagocytosis and killing
Authors: Trigo E. , Liggitt H. D. , Breeze R. G. , Leid R. W. , Silflow R. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A system was developed to recover pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) from living cattle and to evaluate the function of these cells by measuring bacterial phagocytosis and killing. For the collection of pam, single-tube and telescoped double-tube pulmonary lavage devices were compared. The total recovery, using these systems, was 70 ± 10.7% of infused fluid, yielding approximately 87% pam. The total number of cells per collection was approximately 5 times higher with the single-tube device (6.87 ± 0.78 × 107 cell/ml) than with the telescoped double-tube device (1.3 ± 0.1 × 107 cells/ml).
Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus by pam in media suspension and by plasticadherent pam were evaluated. In addition, different bacteria-to-macrophage ratios were assessed, as well as the intracellular killing of S epidermidis at periodic intervals. Results showed that over a 3-hour period, similar numbers of both bacteria were phagocytized, but intracellular killing of S epidermidis was more efficient than intracellular killing of S aureus. It also was found (i) that suspended pam and adherent pam phagocytized similar numbers of bacteria; (ii) that when the bacteria-to-cell ratio was 10:1, the numbers of phagocytized bacteria and intracellular killing were higher than when the ratio was 1:10; and (iii) that killing of S epidermidis by adherent pam was directly proportional to incubation time. The time that pam are in culture affects the phagocytosis and killing of intracellular bacteria, as shown by increased phagocytosis and by intracellular killing of S epidermidis by pam in suspension for 48 hours or plastic adherent for 60 hours after collection.
Canine atopic disease: Investigations of eosinophils and the nasal mucosa
Authors: Willemse A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood eosinophil counts were comparable in dogs with and without canine atopic disease. Eosinophils were not observed in the nasal smears of any of the dogs studied. Of 46 dogs with atopic disease, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in nasal airway resistance was observed in 2 dogs after nasal provocation with nebulized allergens of grasses and in 1 dog after provocation with summer weed extracts.
Effect of dexamethasone on babesiasis in hamsters
Authors: Eckblad W. P. , Stiller D. , Woodard L. F. , Kuttler K. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three subcutaneous injections of 0.20 mg of dexamethasone/kg of body weight caused a substantial increase in Babesia microti-parasitized rbc of hamsters, indicating that this was a useful method for revealing the presence of latent infections. A relative neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, and eosinopenia were also seen in the long-term B microti-infected carrier hamsters after 0.20 mg or 0.02 mg of dexamethasone/kg. Noninfected hamsters treated with dexamethasone had a neutrophilic leukocytosis and a transient lymphocytopenia. Spleen to body weight ratios of noninfected hamsters decreased significantly (P < 0.02) after 4 injections with either dosage level. These ratios did not significantly (P > 0.05) decrease in dexamethasone-treated infected hamsters.
Investigations of budgerigar fledgling disease virus
Authors: Dykstra M. J. , Dykstra C. C. , Lukert P. D. , Bozeman L. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The DNA of a papovavirus associated with budgerigar fledgling disease was purified and cloned into plasmid pBR322. The genome was circular and approximately 5.1 kilo-bases long, Physical mapping of the genome with restriction endonucleases revealed little similarity to simian virus 40 or polyomavirus DNA, Transformation trials using murine 3T3 cells were negative. Attempts to characterize proteins were unsuccessful due to the apparent close association of the virus and host cell components.
Characteristics of protective activity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine
Authors: Ross Richard F. , Zimmermann-Erickson Barbara J. , Young Theresa F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Protective activity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines prepared from whole cells or crude extracts was evaluated in an experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia swine model. Swine were obtained at 7 to 10 weeks of age from a surgically derived herd free of porcine mycoplasmas. Vaccines prepared from whole cells, freezethaw-saline solution extract, supernate of culture, or saline wash of cells were treated with 0.15 % formalin, incorporated with Freund incomplete adjuvant, and administered im in 2 doses. Twenty-five to 42 days after the 1st dose of vaccine was given, pigs were challenge exposed intratracheally with supernate of lung homogenate containing only M hyopneumoniae. Necropsies were done 27 to 38 days after challenge exposure.
For evaluation of protective efficacy of vaccines, determination of proportion of lung with gross lesions gave better results than histologic, fluorescent antibody or mycoplasmal isolation procedures. Whole cell vaccine containing 109 color-changing units of M hyopneumoniae, an amount attainable in log-phase cultures, protected swine against development of pneumonia. Whole cells, supernate of culture, and saline wash of cells induced comparable protection. Protective activity of whole cell vaccine resisted heating at 80 C. Extracts prepared according to a freeze-thaw procedure were variable in protective activity and, in some instances, enhanced lesion development.
Demonstration of pseudorabies viral antigen in thick and ultrathin tissue sections of young pigs using an immunogold method
Authors: Ducatelle R. , Coussement W. , Hoorens J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's) virus antigens were labeled in thick and ultrathin tissue sections of young pig brain and liver tissue, using an indirect immunogold method. Antigens were tagged with 20 nm gold particles. Controls proved the specificity of the reaction in paraffin sections and ultrathin epoxy sections. Immunogold staining was compared with immunoperoxidase staining in paraffin sections.
In ultrathin sections stained with the immunogold method, the gold particles were present on viral nucleocapsids and viral envelopes, as well as on a number of other intracellular structures. These included the inner nuclear membrane, the nucleoplasm, intranuclear filaments, the endoplasmic reticulum, and free cytoplasmic polyribosomes. Gold particles were absent on mitochondria and microtubules.
In paraffin sections, immunogold labeling for pseudorabies virus antigen was less sensitive than immunoperoxidase staining.
Immunogold staining of ultrathin tissue sections can yield additional information on virus-host cell interactions.
Serologic analysis of isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica and Staphylococcus aureus from mastitic ewes
Authors: Shoop D. S. , Myers L. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Milk samples (10 ml) were collected aseptically from infected and healthy mammary glands of 20 range ewes in the early stages of unilateral acute mastitis. The ewes were on 5 different ranches in the Northern Rocky Mountain region of the United States. The samples were plated on tryptose blood agar and examined for bacteria of possible etiologic significance.
Twelve of the 20 ewes were infected with Pasteurella haemolytica, 4 ewes with Staphylococcus aureus, and 1 ewe with both bacteria. Twelve of the P haemolytica infections were in pure culture as were 4 S aureus infections. The 13 isolates of P haemolytica represented 6 different serotypes. Isolates of P haemolytica from ewes on the same ranch were as serologically diverse as were isolates from ewes in different herds. The 5 isolates of S aureus were similar antigenically. Bacterial isolates were not obtained from the milk of clinically healthy mammae.
Effect of somatic growth on pulmonary function values in healthy Friesian cattle
Authors: Lekeux P. , Hajer R. , Breukink H. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Growth-related changes in pulmonary function values (pfv) of cattle were investigated by a cross-sectional study of 40 healthy Dutch Friesian cattle, 3 days to 13 years of age and weighing 37 to 660 kg. Technical and methodologic procedures and body conformation and condition were standardized.
A regression analysis was done with 4 independent variables (body weight, thoracic perimeter, body surface area, and age) and with pfv measured in this study.
Ventilation values, dynamic lung compliance, and viscous work of breathing changed linearly with somatic growth. Respiratory frequency, total pulmonary resistance, and arterial oxygen tension showed an exponential relationship with all the independent variables. On the other hand, intrapleural pressure values were weakly correlated with body size indexes.
The most important growth-related changes in pfv occurred at approximately 1 year of age. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference between immature and mature cattle was shown for the blood-gas values and the specific values of the breathing mechanics. The dynamic lung compliance/ lung weight was lower and the total pulmonary resistance × minute volume was higher in cattle than in other domestic mammals.
The regression equation, giving the best fit of the data, was selected for each pfv.
Comparative aging changes in canine uterine tubes (oviducts): Electron microscopy
Authors: Myers R. K. , Cook J. E. , Mosier J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Uterine tubes (oviducts) from 20 dogs in 3 age groups were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Three segments of the left uterine tube from 4 prepubertal dogs, 8 middle-aged dogs (4 to 6 years), and 8 aged dogs (8 to 11 years) were collected after euthanasia or ovariohysterectomy. Specimens were collected while the dogs, except for one in the middle-aged group, were in late metestrus or anestrus (to reduce variation in tubal epithelium by estrogen stimulation).
Subdivision of mucosal folds, invaginations of mucosa into the entire length of the folds, and height of the folds, increased with age; the width of the mucosal folds had decreased. Complete dedifferentiation of epithelium of the uterine tube ampulla and isthmus to nonciliated cells in a few aged dogs resembled changes in postmenopausal women.
In 3 prepubertal dogs, cilia were present in the infundibulum of the uterine tube, but not in the ampulla and isthmus. In a late prepubertal dog, early ciliation of ampulla and isthmus began before first estrus. Nonciliated cells with a single central cellular projection were present in all segments and all age groups. The significance of the projection was discussed.
Effects of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the dog
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Ferguson Duncan C. , Kintzer Peter P. , Drucker William D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were evaluated in 124 dogs with untreated spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism either by measuring basal thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations (102 dogs) or by assessing the T4 response to exogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) administration (22 dogs). Reduced basal serum concentrations of T4 and of T3 were found in 58 (57%) and 53 (52%), respectively, of the 102 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism; of these, 42 dogs had low values for both T4 and T3, 16 had decreased T4 concentrations alone, and 11 had only decreased T3 concentrations. In 20 dogs that had basal serum thyroid hormone concentrations determined before and after control of hyperadrenocorticism, mean concentrations of both T4 and T3 increased significantly (P < 0.05). Serum T4 and T3 concentrations normalized in all but 1 of the 20 dogs.
In the 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism given tsh, mean serum concentrations of T4 at both basal and post-tsh administration times were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with the results obtained in 18 normal dogs. Nevertheless, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean T4 concentration occurred in these dogs; T4 concentrations after tsh was given were at least 2-fold greater than basal values. The T4 response to exogenous tsh was less in the 13 dogs with low basal T4 concentrations than in the 9 dogs that had resting T4 values within the normal range.
Since microscopic study of the thyroid glands from 33 untreated dogs with hyperadrenocorticism failed to show any evidence of primary hypothyroidism, the pretreatment T4 response to exogenous tsh was intact, and basal thyroid hormone concentrations returned to normal after treatment, it is possible that chronic glucocorticoid excess suppresses pituitary tsh, induces significant changes in serum thyroid hormone binding, or produces changes in peripheral thyroid-hormone metabolism. One or more of these mechanisms could account for the abnormalities in serum thyroid hormone concentrations documented in this study.
Sialodacryoadenitis in the rat: Effects of immunosuppression on the course of the disease
Authors: Hanna Paul E. , Percy Dean H. , Paturzo Frank , Bhatt Pravin N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight-week-old outbred male and female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats were treated with prednisolone (pr) or cyclophosphamide (cy) and were inoculated intranasally with sialodacryoadenitis (sda) virus. The course of the disease was compared with nonimmunosuppressed, sda virus-inoculated rats of the same stock. Criteria used to compare sda in the 3 groups, included histologic changes in salivary and lacrimal glands, immunofluorescent microscopy of paraffin-embedded tissues, serum amylase levels, and antibody response. Based on these criteria, there was little detectable difference in the course and intensity of sda in pr-treated and nonimmunosuppressed rats. In cy-treated rats, there was a delay in the onset of sda, in the appearance of inflammatory cells in affected glands, and in the reparative process in the salivary and lacrimal glands. Viral antigen persisted longer in cy-treated rats than in pr-treated and nonimmunosuppressed rats. Antibody to sda virus was not detected in cy-treated rats. The efficacy of immunosuppression by pr and cy was confirmed by the sheep erythrocyte agglutination procedure performed in selected rats, Male and female rats of the same strain were immunosuppressed beginning 4 weeks after inoculation with sda virus to produce recrudescence of the disease. Histologic examination of salivary and lacrimal glands, immunofluorescent microscopy, serum amylase values, and viral isolation studies did not reveal evidence of reactivation of a persistent viral infection or viral shedding. Based on these studies, there is no evidence that sda virus may persist as an inapparent infection after recovery from the disease.
Effect of repeated locoweed feeding on peripheral lymphocytic function and plasma proteins in sheep
Authors: Sharma Raghubir P. , James Lynn F. , Molyneux Russell J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven healthy, adult, crossbred yearling ewes were given (orally) 340 g of locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) every day for 10 weeks. Another 7 ewes were not fed the plant, but were housed similarly (controls). Blood samples were obtained once a week to evaluate the mitogen-induced lymphocytic responsiveness. For the locoweed-exposed ewes, there was decreased activity in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (a T-cell mitogen). This effect, although not statistically significant at all times, was consistent and became significant after 7 weeks. A similar response was observed in the blood cell cultures in the presence of pokeweed mitogen, but the differences were not statistically significant at most time points. For the locoweed-exposed ewes there also were gradual numerical decreases in total leukocyte and lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Peripheral leukocytes had cytoplasmic vacuolation. The results indicated that a selective effect may occur on cell-mediated immune responses. Serum proteins and γ-globulins were not affected by locoweed treatment.
Humoral response of cattle to aerosolized Micropolyspora faeni
Authors: Gershwin Laurel J. , Olsen Craig L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves (7) were exposed to antigens of Micropolyspora faeni by the aerosol route for 9 weeks. The humoral immune response of calves to M faeni antigens was studied; immunoglobulins (Ig) E, Gl, G2, A, and M were measured weekly in serum and nasal secretions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). Intradermal injection of antigen was performed during the 6th and 9th weeks; responses were evaluated at 30 minutes, 6 to 8 hours, 24, and 48 hours after injection. Total IgE levels in serum and nasal secretions, evaluated weekly, did not show any elevation. Micropolyspora faeni-specific IgE, IgA, IgGl, and IgG2, but not IgM, were produced by calves exposed to the antigen by the aerosol route; individual variability in magnitude of the response was marked. Thirty-minute skin tests were positive for cytotropic antibody in 2 of 3 aerosol-exposed calves by the 9th week, but delayed-type reactivity was not present. The elisa test results were compared with those from sera of saline solution aerosol-exposed calves and from a parenterally immunized calf. Comparison of isotype-specific elisa results obtained from M faeni aerosol-exposed calves with elisa results from calves exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin according to a similar procedure indicated inherent problems in evaluating immune responses to environmental antigens. Aerosolized M faeni elicited a substantial antibody response. In particular, it is noteworthy that antigen-specific IgE responses were detected.