bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piezo‐voltage control of magnetization orientation in a ferromagnetic semiconductor
Authors: Goennenwein S. T. B. , Althammer M. , Bihler C. , Brandlmaier A. , Geprägs S. , Opel M. , Schoch W. , Limmer W. , Gross R. , Brandt M. S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe possibility to control magnetic properties via electrical fields is investigated in a piezoelectric actuator/ferromagnetic semiconductor thin film hybrid structure. Using anisotropic magnetoresistance techniques, the magnetic anisotropy and the magnetization orientation within the plane of the ferromagnetic film are measured quantitatively. The experiments reveal that the application of an electrical field to the piezoelectric actuator allows to continuously and reversibly rotate the magnetization orientation in the ferromagnet by about 70°. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characterization of synthetic poly(ester amide) from sebacic acid and 4‐amino‐1‐butanol by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rizzarelli Paola , Puglisi Concetto 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS) was employed to analyze a poly(ester amide) sample (PEA‐Bu) from the melt condensation of sebacic acid and 4‐amino‐1‐butanol. In particular, we investigated the fragmentation pathways, the ester/amide bond sequences and the structure of species derived from side reactions during the synthesis. MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS analysis was performed on cyclic species and linear oligomers terminated by dicarboxyl groups, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups and diamino alcohol groups. The sodium adducts of these oligomers were selected as precursor ions. Different end groups do not influence the fragmentation of sodiated poly(ester amide) oligomers and similar series of product ions were observed in the MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS spectra. According to the structures of the most abundant product ions identified, the main cleavages proceed through a β‐hydrogen‐transfer rearrangement, leading to the selective scission of the OCH2 bonds. Abundant product ions originating from CH2CH2 (β–γ) bond cleavage in the sebacate moiety were also detected. Their formation should be promoted by the presence of an α,β‐unsaturated ester or amide end group. MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS provided structural information concerning the ester/amide sequences in the polymer chains. In the MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS spectra acquired, using argon as the collision gas, of cyclic species and linear oligomers terminated by diamino alcohol groups, product ions in the low‐mass range, undetected in the mass spectra acquired using air as the collision gas, proved to be diagnostic and made it possible to establish the presence of random sequences of ester and amide bonds in the poly(ester amide) sample. Furthermore, MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS provided useful information to clarify the structures of precursor ions derived from side reactions during the synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace level determination of trichloroethylene in biological samples by headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yongzhen , Muralidhara Srinivasa , Bruckner James V. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/NCIMS) method using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) was developed for the determination of trichloroethylene (TCE) in blood, liver, kidney, lung and brain. The method was optimized with respect to several parameters including extraction time, extraction temperature, desorption time and salt addition. The method showed good linearity over the range of 0.025–25 ng/mL in blood and 0.075–75 ng/g in tissues with correlation coefficient (R2) values higher than 0.99. The precision and accuracy for intra‐day and inter‐day measurements were less than 10%. The relative recoveries of all matrices were greater than 52%. Samples showed no significant loss during 8 h in the autosampler and following three freeze/thaw cycles. Validation results demonstrated that selected‐ion monitoring of the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopes using NCI resulted in reliable and sensitive quantitation. This validated method was successfully applied to study the toxicokinetics of TCE following oral administration of extremely low doses of this potential human carcinogen to small test animals (rats). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of peanut allergens in cereal‐chocolate‐based snacks: metal‐tag inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry immunoassay versus liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Careri Maria , Elviri Lisa , Maffini Monica , Mangia Alessandro , Mucchino Claudio , Terenghi Mattia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA comparison of two methods for the identification and determination of peanut allergens based on europium (Eu)‐tagged inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) immunoassay and on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer was carried out on a complex food matrix like a chocolate rice crispy‐based snack. The LC/MS/MS method was based on the determination of four different peptide biomarkers selective for the Ara h2 and Ara h3/4 peanut proteins. The performance of this method was compared with that of a non‐competitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with ICP‐MS detection of the metal used to tag the antibody for the quantitative peanut protein analysis in food. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation of the ICP‐MS immunoassay were 2.2 and 5 µg peanuts g−1 matrix, respectively, the recovery ranged from 86 ± 18% to 110 ± 4% and linearity was proved in the 5–50 µg g−1 range. The LC/MS/MS method allowed us to obtain LODs of 1 and 5 µg protein g−1 matrix for Ara h3/4 and Ara h2, respectively, thus obtaining significantly higher values with respect to the ELISA ICP‐MS method, taking into account the different expression for concentrations. Linearity was established in the 10–200 µg g−1 range of peanut proteins in the food matrix investigated and good precision (RSD <10%) was demonstrated. Both the two approaches, used for screening or confirmative purposes, showed the power of mass spectrometry when used as a very selective detector in difficult matrices even if some limitations still exist, i.e. matrix suppression in the LC/ESI‐MS/MS procedure and the change of the Ag/Ab binding with matrix in the ICP‐MS method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inclusion of succinylacetone as marker for tyrosinemia type I in expanded newborn screening programs
Authors: la Marca Giancarlo , Malvagia Sabrina , Pasquini Elisabetta , Innocenti Marzia , Fernandez Maira Rebollido , Donati Maria Alice , Zammarchi Enrico 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn expanded newborn screening programs by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry false negatives for tyrosinemia type I are a significant problem. We describe a method for inclusion of succinylacetone in order to avoid false negatives. We studied spots from 13 000 neonates born in Tuscany (January–May 2007) and ten spots from six patients with tyrosinemia type I. The traditional screening method was modified by adding dioxooctanoid acid (or 13C2‐succinylacetone) as an internal standard to the methanolic solution of deuterated acylcarnitines and amino acids. A hydrazine solution was added to the mixture. The times of extraction, butylation and drying were only slightly prolonged. Specific multiple reaction monitoring for derivatized and labelled succinylacetone and dioxooctanoic acid was carried out. The assays were linear up to 100 µmol/L for succinylacetone. Intra‐ and inter‐day imprecision data were in the range of 1.34% to 7.09% and 3.50% to 4.49%. Limits of detection and of quantification were 0.2 µmol/L and 0.4 µmol/L, respectively. Recovery ranged from 97.02% to 100.29%. Succinylacetone levels in samples from unaffected neonates were very close to the detection limit. Of the 46 recalls, eight (17.4%) were for abnormal tyrosine levels and all these cases had succinylacetone levels within the normal range (<2.4 µmol/L). In ten spots from six affected patients succinylacetone values ranged from 3.3 to 35.0 µmol/L. Including succinylacetone in newborn screening programs for amino acids and acylcarnitines avoids false‐negative results for tyrosinemia type I. Newborn screening laboratories should consider implementing these modifications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confirmatory identification of sixteen non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug residues in raw milk by liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Gallo Pasquale , Fabbrocino Serena , Vinci Floriana , Fiori Maurizio , Danese Vincenzo , Serpe Luigi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe European Council Decision 2002/657/EC established that group B substances detected in foods must be identified and confirmed on the basis of their molecular structure. To this aim, we have developed a panel of methods for unambiguous determination of sixteen non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cattle and buffalo raw milk. A multi‐residue reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection is described for quantitative screening analysis. For confirmatory purposes, two multi‐residue reversed‐phase ion trap liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) methods were developed: the former to identify salicylic acid, naproxen, carprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, meclofenamic acid, niflumic acid, flunixin and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyflunixin in the negative ion mode; the latter to identify ketoprofen, suxibutazone, diclofenac, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, phenylbutazone and its metabolite oxyphenbutazone in the positive ion mode. These drugs are representative of different subclasses of NSAIDs not chemically related. The methods were in‐house validated, evaluating specificity and calculating the mean recoveries, repeatability, within‐laboratory reproducibility, and limits of quantification. For all the NSAIDs, apart from salicylic acid and 5‐hydroxyflunixin, mean recoveries ranging between 69.0% and 96.7% were measured. The qualitative identification of all drugs was attained by their MS/MS spectra in the concentration range studied. Similarly, at 5 µg/kg all NSAIDs, apart from flurbiprofen, were unambiguously confirmed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay‐dependent robust stability for stochastic time‐delay systems with polytopic uncertainties
Authors: Li Hongyi , Chen Bing , Zhou Qi , Lin Chong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper considers a delay‐dependent and parameter‐dependent robust stability criterion for stochastic time‐delay systems with polytopic uncertainties. The delay‐dependent robust stability criterion, as expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), is obtained by using parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions. It is shown that the result derived by a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functional is less conservative. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disturbance attenuation by output feedback for linear systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Wu Fen , Zheng Qian , Lin Zongli 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of disturbance attenuation by output feedback for linear systems subject to actuator saturation. A nonlinear output feedback, expressed in the form of a quasi‐linear parameter‐varying system with state‐dependent scheduling parameter, is constructed that leads to the attenuation of the effect of the disturbance on the output of the system. The level of disturbance attenuation is measured in terms of the restricted ℒ︁2gain and the restricted ℒ︁2–ℒ︁∞gain over a class of bounded disturbances. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic instantiation of abstract tests on specific configurations for large critical control systems
Authors: Flammini Francesco , Mazzocca Nicola , Orazzo Antonio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractComputer‐based control systems have grown in size, complexity, distribution and criticality. In this paper a methodology is presented to perform an ‘abstract testing’ of such large control systems in an efficient way: an abstract test is specified directly from system functional requirements and has to be instantiated in more test runs to cover a specific configuration, comprising any number of control entities (sensors, actuators and logic processes). Such a process is usually performed by hand for each installation of the control system, requiring a considerable time effort and being an error‐prone verification activity. To automate a safe passage from abstract tests, related to the so‐called generic software application, to any specific installation, an algorithm is provided, starting from a reference architecture and a state‐based behavioural model of the control software. The presented approach has been applied to a railway interlocking system, demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness in several years of testing experience. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast Cancer Issues in Developing Countries: An Overview of the Breast Health Global Initiative
Authors: Anderson Benjamin O. , Jakesz Raimund 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundOf the 411,000 breast cancer deaths around the world in 2002, 221,000 (54%) occurred in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMCs). Guidelines for breast health care (early detection, diagnosis, and treatment) that were developed in high‐resource countries cannot be directly applied in LMCs, because these guidelines do not consider real world resource constraints, nor do they prioritize which resources are most critically needed in specific countries for care to be most effectively provided.MethodsEstablished in 2002, the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) created an international health alliance to develop evidence‐based guidelines for LMCs to improve breast health outcomes. The BHGI held two Global Summits in October 2002 (Seattle) and January 2005 (Bethesda) and using an expert consensus, evidence‐based approach developed resource‐sensitive guidelines that define comprehensive pathways for step‐by‐step quality improvement in health care delivery.ResultsThe BHGI guidelines, now published in English and Spanish, stratify resources into four levels (basic, limited, enhanced, and maximal), making the guidelines simultaneously applicable to countries of differing economic capacities. The BHGI guidelines provide a hub for linkage among clinicians and alliance among governmental agencies and advocacy groups to translate guidelines into policy and practice.ConclusionsThe breast cancer problem in LMCs can be improved through practical interventions that are realistic and cost‐effective. Early breast cancer detection and comprehensive cancer treatment play synergistic roles in facilitating improved breast cancer outcomes. The most fundamental interventions in early detection, diagnosis, surgery, radiation therapy, and drug therapy can be integrated and organized within existing health care schemes in LMCs. Future research will study what implementation strategies can most effectively guide health care system reorganization to assist countries that are motivated to improve breast cancer outcome in their populations.
Standardized Algorithms for Management of Anastomotic Leaks and Related Abdominal and Pelvic Abscesses After Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Phitayakorn R. , Delaney C. P. , Reynolds H. L. , Champagne B. J. , Heriot A. G. , Neary P. , Senagore A. J. ,   International Anastomotic Leak Study Group
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors and incidence of anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery are well reported in the literature. However, the management of the multiple clinical scenarios that may be encountered has not been standardized.MethodsThe medical literature from 1973 to 2007 was reviewed using PubMed for papers relating to anastomotic leaks and abdominal abscess, with a specific emphasis on predisposing factors, prevention strategies, and treatment approaches. A six‐round modified Delphi research method was utilized to find consensus among a group of expert colorectal surgeons and interventional radiologists regarding standardized management algorithms for anastomotic leaks.ResultsManagement scenarios were divided into those for intraperitoneal anastomoses, extraperitoneal (low pelvic) anastomoses, and anastomoses with proximal diverting stomas. Management options were then based on the clinical presentation and radiographic findings and organized into three interconnected algorithms.ConclusionsThis process was a useful first step toward establishing guidelines for the management of anastomotic leak.
Effects of inbreeding on the magnitude of inbreeding depression in a highly self‐fertilizing tree, Magnolia obovata
Authors: Ishida Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInbreeding depression is one of the major selective forces driving the evolution of mating systems. Previous theories predict that long‐lived plants will show a negative correlation between inbreeding depression and the level of inbreeding (as determined by an inbreeding coefficient) at maturity, but the extent of this correlation may vary among life stages because of variation in the genetic basis for inbreeding depression at different stages. To test this prediction, I used electrophoretic allozyme analysis and pollination experiments to examine the fixation index (Fis) at maturity and inbreeding depression in the early and late life stages of two populations with different outcrossing rates of a highly self‐fertilizing tree, Magnolia obovata. The magnitude of inbreeding depression for early survival (δe) in an outcrossing population (tm = 0.51; Fis = −0.015) was higher (δe = 0.97) than that in an inbreeding population (tm = 0.18; Fis = 0.15; δe = 0.38). From these results, I estimated that both populations exhibited high inbreeding depression for late survival (δl) (0.94 in the outcrossing population and 0.93 in the inbreeding one) and lifetime survival (δt) (0.99 and 0.96, respectively). My results and previously published data demonstrate the predicted relationship between inbreeding depression and the level of inbreeding for early survival, but not for late survival. This suggests that there is a differential genetic basis for inbreeding depression at different life stages. The inbreeding depression for late survival appears to play a central role in the maintenance of reproductive traits that promote outcrossing in M. obovata.
Effect of dietary alpine butter rich in conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat composition of lactating sows
Authors: Schmid Alexandra , Collomb Marius , Bee Giuseppe , Bütikofer Ulrich , Wechsler Daniel , Eberhard Pius , Sieber Robert 
Published: February 2008

Multiparous sows (n 17) were included in a controlled cross-over-study in order to investigate the influence of a natural source of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (alpine butter) on the milk fatty acid composition of lactating sows (as an animal model for lactating women) and on the growth performance of their progeny. The usual fat source of a standard lactation diet was replaced by either CLA-rich alpine butter or margarine (control diet). Compared with the margarine diet, feeding the alpine butter-supplemented diet increased (P < 0·001) the CLA concentration in the milk fat (742·3 (sd 272·0) v. 107·7 (sd 34·7) mg/100 g fat). Eleven of fourteen CLA isomers were higher (P ≤ 0·004) in milk fat after feeding the alpine butter-supplemented diet but the transfer was not proportional. The milk fat concentration of the sow milk and the level of SFA, MUFA and PUFA were not (P>0·05) affected. Growth performance of the progeny was similar for both dietary treatments. In summary, the findings show that adding alpine butter to the diet does not provoke a milk fat depression and does not alter the composition of total SFA, MUFA and PUFA in sow milk but increases its CLA concentration.
Effects of dietary cholesterol and fat on serum non-cholesterol sterols according to different apolipoprotein E subgroups among healthy men
Authors: Nissinen Markku J. , Gylling Helena , Miettinen Tatu A. 
Published: February 2008

The impact of apo E phenotypes on applicability of relative cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol:cholesterol) and absorption (ratios of cholestanol, campesterol and sitosterol to cholesterol) during diets of various cholesterol and fat content is unclear. We examined and compared with each other both relative and absolute synthesis and absorption among twenty-nine men, of whom eight, nine and twelve had apo E phenotypes 2 (2/2, 2/3, 2/4), 3 (3/3) and 4 (3/4, 4/4), respectively. Serum lipids, lipoproteins, sterols and cholesterol metabolism were examined on four subsequent diets: high-cholesterol high-fat (home diet; HD), low-cholesterol low-fat (LCLF), high-cholesterol low-fat (HCLF) and low-cholesterol high-fat (LCHF). LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) level was about 40 % lower (P < 0·05) in apo E2 than apo E3 and E4 groups irrespective of dietary fat and cholesterol. Serum proportions of phytosterols were determined apo E-dependently on LCLF and HCLF, and those of lathosterol, cholestanol and campesterol were increased in apo E2 and E3 groups (P < 0·05 for eachv.HD). Serum proportion of sitosterol reflected almost consistently apo E phenotype (rrange+0·308 to+0·383;Prange 0·214–0·011). Relative cholesterol synthesis and absorption reflected respective absolute values during each diet in the apo E4 group (rrange+0·713 to+0·893;P < 0·05 for each), but only during HD (r+0·594;P = 0·015) in the apo E2+E3 group. The consumption of a high amount of fat did not interfere with cholesterol metabolism or serum levels of LDL-C differently in apo E phenotypes. Surrogate sterol markers of cholesterol metabolism reflected absolute ones (especially in the apo E4 group) and apo E phenotypes despite variable amounts of dietary cholesterol and fat.
Preliminary data about the influence of vitamin D status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/obese women following two types of hypocaloric diet
Authors: Ortega Rosa M. , Aparicio Aránzazu , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Elena , Bermejo Laura M. , Perea José M. , López-Sobaler Ana M. , Ruiz-Roso Baltasar , Andrés Pedro 
Published: February 2008

The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (20–35 years) according to their initial vitamin D status. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: Diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased, or Diet C, in which the relative consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks after dividing the women into groups depending on their having an initial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of < 50 nmol/l (LD) or ≥ 50 nmol/l (HD). Dietary intervention led to a reduction in energy intake, body weight and BMI in all groups. The HD women showed greater body fat losses during the study than the LD women (1·7 (sd 1·8) kg compared to 0·5 (sd 0·8) kg). A better vitamin D status therefore aided the loss of body fat over the experimental period (OR 0·462; CI 0·271, 0·785; P < 0·001). However, when the dietary groups were analysed separately, this effect was only seen in the C subjects (OR 0·300; CI 0·121, 0·748; P < 0·001). The present results suggest that women with a better vitamin D status respond more positively to hypocaloric diets and lose more body fat; this was especially clear among the C subjects who had a greater vitamin D supply during the experimental period.