bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ultra-stable high-power optical frequency comb
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Moreno Jorge , Weitenberg Johannes , Russbüldt Peter , Hänsch Theodor W. , Udem Thomas , Ozawa Akira 
Published: February 2024

Optical frequency combs are typically generated in the near-infrared wavelength range, where many mode-locked lasers operate. Nonlinear frequency conversion can then be used to extend optical frequency metrology to other spectral regions, such as the extreme ultraviolet (XUV). High-power frequency combs at the fundamental wavelength can efficiently drive nonlinear frequency conversions. Low phase noise is an important requirement because the frequency conversion process not only multiplies the carrier frequency but also the phase fluctuations. In this work, we have developed a low-noise frequency comb centered at 1030 nm with an average power of 230 W, a temporal pulse duration of 59 fs, and a peak power of 32 MW. One of the modes of the seed laser is phase-locked to a continuous wave reference laser stabilized to an ultra-stable high-finesse cavity. The residual integrated phase noise from 10 Hz to 10 MHz is 41 mrad, which is sufficiently low to address narrow transitions with kHz-level linewidths after the frequency conversion to XUV wavelengths.
A novel rapid cooling assembly design in a high-pressure cubic press apparatus
Authors: Wu Peiyan , Xu Yongjiang , Lin Yanhao 
Published: February 2024

In traditional high-pressure–temperature assembly design, priority has been given to temperature insulation and retention at high pressures. This limits the efficiency of cooling of samples at the end of experiments, with a negative impact on many studies in high-pressure Earth and planetary science. Inefficient cooling of experiments containing molten phases at high temperature leads to the formation of quench textures, which makes it impossible to quantify key compositional parameters of the original molten phase, such as their volatile contents. Here, we present a new low-cost experimental assembly for rapid cooling in a six-anvil cubic press. This assembly not only retains high heating efficiency and thermal insulation, but also enables a very high cooling rate (∼600 °C/s from 1900 °C to the glass transition temperature). Without using expensive materials or external modification of the press, the cooling rate in an assembly (∼600 °C/s) with cube lengths of 38.5 mm is about ten times faster than that in the traditional assembly (∼60 °C/s). Experiments yielding inhomogeneous quenched melt textures when the traditional assembly is used are shown to yield homogeneous silicate glass without quench textures when the rapid cooling assembly is used.
Effect of metal insertion on the magnetic properties and anomalous Hall effect in MgO/CoFeB/Ta/MgO films
Authors: Xu Xiulan , Hu Wangyang , Jia Yunlong , Huang Yiya , Shan Xin , Zhu Guanlun , Ren Hongyu , He Qiang , Guo Qixun , Yu Guanghua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
CoFeB-based nano-magnetic multilayers can be applied in magnetic sensors, magnetic random access memory and other logic devices, which have attracted wide attention. The magnetic properties and interface structure of the magnetic multilayers still need further research for future applications. The effects of Pt insertion on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) of MgO/CoFeB/Pt/Ta/MgO multilayers were studied. It is found that the sample with 0.2 nm Pt insertion at the CoFeB/Ta interface and annealed at 250 °C can transform the films from in-plane magnetic anisotropy to PMA. The effective magnetic anisotropy K
eff can reach 1.82 × 106 erg cm−3. The Pt insertion and annealing heat treatment can promote the migration of oxygen from MgO at the top layer to CoFeB/Ta interface and combine with Fe to generate iron oxide, and improve the orbital hybridization of Fe 3d and O 2p, thus successfully inducing the PMA of the film samples. In addition, Pt insertion and annealing treatment can improve the side-jump mechanism and the skew scattering mechanism which contribute to the AHE. This work provides guidance for the application of PMA materials in magnetic sensor and memory devices.
Modelling and preparation of composite wrinkled structures on polyester fabric via plasma treatment
Authors: Tian Ying , Xu Shaofeng , Wang Wei , Yu Dan , Shi Jianjun , Guo Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Micro/nanostructured surfaces with extreme wettability, such as superhydrophobic surfaces, are useful for various applications. Herein, we used Ar plasma to form polydimethylsiloxane films while immobilising SiO2 nanoparticles, which were prepared on polyester fabric surfaces under mechanical stretch–release to obtain micro/nanostructures. The treated fabrics exhibited a large contact angle of 169.06° with small sliding angle of 5°. We developed corresponding micro/nanostructure models to establish the relationships between the structural parameters and the hydrostatic pressure and water-droplet bouncing. The model is useful for guiding the regulation of water pressure.
A small sample bearing fault diagnosis method based on ConvGRU relation network
Authors: Zhao Zhihong , Zhang Ran 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Considering that in the fault diagnosis of bearing based on relation network, using the sample mean value as the class prototype for each class is susceptible to outliers, resulting in inaccurate class prototypes, this paper proposes a convolutional gate recurrent unit (ConvGRU) relation network fault diagnosis model; firstly, the model utilizes a embedding module to extract bearing fault features, and then uses the ConvGRU as a learnable class prototype generator to generate class prototypes for each class. Secondly, a relation module is utilized to measure the similarity between class prototypes and the sample features of the query set, obtaining relation scores, and ultimately achieving fault diagnosis. In order to test the validity and advantages of the model, experimental verification and analysis were conducted on the case western storage rolling bearing dataset. The results of the experiment show that the class prototypes generated by the ConvGRU class prototype generation module have better discrimination and accuracy compared to the class prototypes generated by the relation network. In the 10-way 5-shot experiment, the accuracy of the model proposed in this paper reaches 99.60%, which increases by 6.63%, 5.10%, 4.80%, and 1.75% compared to k-nearest neighbor, convolutional neural network, prototypical network, and relation network. The method proposed in this paper helps to generate more accurate class prototypes and has a certain effect on improving the accuracy of model fault diagnosis.
A treelike framework combining fault diagnosis and RUL prediction
Authors: Chai Senhao , Dong Lei , Ren Weibo , Li Yanfeng , Chen Zhongxin , Wang Zhijian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Most existing deep learning methods consider the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction problem under a single failure mode and cannot solve the RUL prediction problem with multiple failure modes coexisting caused by component coupling in actual engineering systems. Thus, considering these issues, this paper proposes a novel tree network framework to address fault classification and RUL prediction in parallel, and the RUL prediction results are fused output, which are suitable for bearing RUL prediction with multiple faults. First, this paper develops a fault recognizer combining a frequency domain classifier and deep convolutional neural network to improve model selection accuracy. Secondly, this paper proposes a feature fusion algorithm based on the Gini coefficient, and the fused indicators are input into the RUL prediction sub-network for model training. Finally, the RUL sub-network prediction results are dynamically weighted and fused with the fault classification results to obtain the RUL based on SoftMax. The bearing dataset XJTU-SY is introduced to verify the efficiency of the proposed method, and computational results show that the developed framework can effectively predict RUL compared with other traditional methods, especially for RUL prediction under multiple failure modes.
Clarification of Au dimer adsorption sites on Si (111)-7 × 7 surface by AFM/KPFM
Authors: Guo Qiang , Ren Xiaosen , Shu Pengli , Tian Xin , Wei Jiuyan , Qu Zhang , Wen Huanfei , Tang Jun , Li Yanjun , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Ma Zongmin , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Atomic-scale surface adsorption has been a significant research topic in recent years, with a particular emphasis on the adsorption properties of Au/Si(111)-7 × 7, which are vitally important for pioneering future novel semiconductor devices. Here, we investigated the adsorption of Au dimers on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface with atomic resolution using non-contact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy at room temperature. Our results show that the Au dimer adsorbs in the vicinity of the Si rest atoms, exhibiting a distinct localized electron distribution. In density functional theory calculations, three candidate Au dimer adsorption sites have been identified, and the most stable site of Au dimer adsorption aligns with experimental findings. Furthermore, the local electron transfer of Au dimer adsorption has been analyzed, confirming the distribution of electrons around the Au dimer adsorption site. This research reveals that the structure and charge transfer of adsorbed Au dimers on Si(111)-7 × 7 provide insight into the mechanism of the metal-semiconductor system.
Radio-optical synergies at high redshift to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity
Authors: Barberi-Squarotti Matilde , Camera Stefano , Maartens Roy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We apply the multi-tracer technique to test the possibility of improved constraints on the amplitude of local primordial non-Gaussianity, f_NL, in the cosmic large-scale structure. A precise measurement of f_NL is difficult because the effects of non-Gaussianity mostly arise on the largest scales, which are heavily affected by the low statistical sampling commonly referred to as cosmic variance. The multi-tracer approach suppresses cosmic variance and we implement it by combining the information from next-generation galaxy surveys in the optical/near-infrared band and neutral hydrogen (Hi) intensity mapping surveys in the radio band. High-redshift surveys enhance the precision on f_NL, due to the larger available volume, and Hi intensity mapping surveys can naturally reach high redshifts. In order to extend the redshift coverage of a galaxy survey, we consider different emission-line galaxy populations, focusing on the Hα line at low redshift and on oxygen lines at higher redshift. By doing so, we cover a wide redshift range 1≲ z≲4. To assess the capability of our approach, we implement a synthetic-data analysis by means of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling of the (cosmological+nuisance) parameter posterior, to evaluate the constraints on f_NL obtained in different survey configurations. We find significant improvements from the multi-tracer technique: the full data set leads to a precision of σ(f_NL)<1.
Teukolsky-like equations in a non-vacuum axisymmetric type D spacetime
Authors: Guo Ya , Nakajima Hiroaki , Lin Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study an axisymmetric metric satisfying the Petrov type D property with some additional
ansatze, but without assuming the vacuum condition. We find that our metric in turn becomes
conformal to the Kerr metric deformed by one function of the radial coordinate. We then study the
gravitational-wave equations on this background metric in the case that the conformal factor is
unity. We find that under an appropriate gauge condition, the homogeneous wave equations admit the
separation of the variables, which is also helpful for solving the nonhomogeneous equations. The
resultant ordinary differential equation for the radial coordinate gives a natural extension of
the Teukolsky equation.
Searching for dark matter annihilation with IceCube and P-ONE
Authors: Desai K. , Li R. , Meighen-Berger S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a new search for weakly interacting massive particles utilizing ten years of public IceCube data, setting more stringent bounds than previous IceCube analysis on massive dark matter to neutrino annihilation. We also predict the future potential of the new neutrino observatory, P-ONE, showing that it may even exceed the sensitivities of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray searches by about 1–2 orders of magnitude in 1–10 TeV regions. This analysis considers the diffuse dark matter self-annihilation to neutrinos via direct and indirect channels, from the galactic dark matter halo and extra-galactic sources. We also predict that P-ONE will be capable of pushing these bounds further than IceCube, even reaching the thermal relic abundance utilizing a galactic center search for extended run-time.
Self-consistent, global, neoclassical radial-electric-field calculations of electron-ion-root transitions in the W7-X stellarator
Authors: Kuczyński M.D. , Kleiber R. , Smith H.M. , Beidler C.D. , Borchardt M. , Geiger J. , Helander P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The radial electric field in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator is computed by means of self-consistent, global, neoclassical simulations using the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code EUTERPE. The simulation results are compared with local predictions obtained from a transport code using locally computed neoclassical transport coefficients. The analysis focuses on ion-electron-root transitions and investigates their dependence on collisionality, normalised ion gyroradius, and the electron-ion temperature ratio. Several of the results cannot be reproduced using conventional, local neoclassical transport theory. An approximate criterion for root transitions is derived, which results in an analytical scaling law that is useful for understanding how the position of the transition layer varies with plasma parameters.
Assessment of sand dunes in Missan Governorate, South-eastern Iraq: Implications for Extraction High Purity Silica
Authors: Al-Khafaji S J , Al-Halfi F W , Jasim H K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sand dunes are widely spread in Missan Governorate, South-eastern Iraq in many areas including; Manziliyah, Khazina, Zubadiate, and Chailat. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of sand samples of sizes 0.063-2 mm, 0.125-0.250mm, and 0.250-0.500mm, revealed that quartz is the main mineral phase, followed by calcite, feldspar and trace of gypsum. Chemically SiO2 is the main oxide in sand of an average 61.36 % while the rest oxides; CaO (14.08%), Al2O3 (6. 76%), Fe2O3 (3.05%), K2O+Na2O (2.30 %) are considered as impurities that could affect the properties of sand. XRD tests indicated the formation of crystalline phase of synthetic silica. XRF showed an increases in SiO2 to 85.37%, while all other oxides (impurities) were reduced to their minimum rate, particularly CaO (1.06 %). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests indicated the existence of well compiled spherical particles of synthetic silica within the size of 8.55 nm and surface area of 66.51 m2\g. The medium sand size (0.250-0.500mm) is the appropriate size to produce high purity crystalline silica as it contains the greatest percentage of silica and the low percent of impurities compared to other sizes of sand.
Calculating the Hydraulic Characteristics of Bai Hassan Aquifer in Erbil City/Northern Iraq
Authors: Hussain Tariq Abed , Kindi Ghayda Yaseen Al , Ihsan Elaf Abdul Azal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Iraq lacks surface water resources, so groundwater extraction is prioritized to meet the demands of the industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors. The chosen location is the Bai Hassan Formation’s major aquifer for the city of Erbil. The hydrogeological system in the study area within the central basin of the Erbil Plain, is considered the largest part of the basin and water reservoir, which is a confined aquifer. The study aims to describe the hydraulic characteristics of the limited characteristics of the aquifer in Erbil, northern Iraq. The wells that were studied are 300 m deep and penetrate the Bai Hassan Formation and Quaternary sediments. The general direction of the flow of Groundwater in the region is generally toward the western regions. Using methods of Jacob straight line and theis recovery methods, the results of the pumping test conducted in 5 wells without observation wells indicated a transmissivity values range between 80.295-299.6 m2 / day and hydraulic conductivity values range between 0.65-3.565 m/day and this reflects the wide horizontal and vertical variation in the layers of the reservoirs. The measured specific capacity for these wells ranges from 40.4 to 79.6 m2/day, and there is an inverse relationship between the specific capacity and well drawdown.
Well Logs Analysis and Reservoir Evaluation of Hartha Formation in the East Baghdad oil field central Iraq
Authors: Munther Afnan , Sahaab Abdalratha Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study objective of ascertaining various petrophysical properties, which encompass volume shale, porosity, and water saturation. Well logging assumes a pivotal role in the comprehensive evaluation of reservoirs by providing measurements that can be effectively correlated with the volume fraction and composition of hydrocarbons within porous geological formations.In the course of this research, the quantification of shale volume was achieved through the utilization of gamma-ray logs, while the determination of effective porosity was facilitated by employing porosity logs, including the density log, neutron log, and sonic or acoustic log. The Hartha Formation has been stratified into distinct reservoir units based on their petrophysical characteristics. The interpretation of the findings involved the direct examination of well log readings, complemented by the application of well-established relationships and profiles to discern the critical lithological and petrophysical attributes inherent to the Hartha Formation. The selected wells from the East Baghdad oilfield, namely EB-93, EB-97, EB-51, and EB-42.
Church Interior Lighting: A Semantic Differential Research
Authors: Manurung P , Sabatini SN 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lighting is essential for improving the visual conditions and meeting the needs of space users. It serves both quantitative and qualitative roles in a building. Furthermore, the lighting in a house of worship fulfills visual tasks and creates atmosphere for worship. This research aims to explore the perception of the Nazarene Christian Church (GKN) Filadelfia congregation regarding to the interior lighting conditions of their church using the semantic differential method. The results show that the congregation perceives the lighting is suitable for visual tasks, but the interior design falls short in creating the atmosphere required for a place of worship. This includes aspects like identity, warmth, intimacy, mystique, hierarchy, and expansiveness. The interior lighting of the Nazarene Christian Church Filadelfia needs to be redesigned to align with the church’s purpose and meaning, in addition to meet visual requirements.
Application of the Forest City Concept to the Surabaya City Environment
Authors: Juanne R , Lia F , Laksmi K W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The parks in Surabaya are one of the applications of the forest city concept. Green Open Space (RTH) in every region, especially the city of Surabaya, is one way to create an environment free from temperature and air pollution. An environment free from pollution can help minimize global warming. In addition, the existence of urban parks can preserve forests and improve environmental quality. The results of this study aim to make Surabaya city can be an example and educate regions in Indonesia about the importance of urban parks for a clean and pollution-free environment. Research on the application of the forest city concept in Surabaya City was conducted in two popular parks in Surabaya. The research objects studied were Taman Pelangi and Taman Flora. The data obtained was analyzed using purposive sampling method in 3 stages of research including: observation-documentation, interviews, and data analysis. Taman Pelangi meets the requirements of a good city park standard with a percentage of 80% while Taman Flora with a percentage of 80%. It can be concluded that the application of city parks with the concept of forest city has a very positive impact on the environment in the city of Surabaya.
Exploring the thermomagnetic behavior of Co2TiZ (Z=Al, Si, Ga, Ge, and Sn) alloys: a computational study
Authors: Aladerah Bilal , Alrousan Abeer , Gharaibeh Maen , Obeidat Abdalla 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive computational exploration of the structural and thermomagnetic properties of Co2TiZ (Z = Al, Si, Ga, Ge, and Sn) Heusler alloys are conducted utilizing both density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations (MC). Our calculations revealed that the XA prototype consistently exhibited larger lattice parameters than the L21 structure. Furthermore, the investigation of exchange parameters uncovered distinct differences between the L21 and XA prototypes. The L21 structures consistently exhibited stronger Co-Co interactions, while the XA prototypes showcased more pronounced Co-Ti interactions. The calculated Curie temperatures (Tc) varied between the L21 and XA prototypes, highlighting the significance of atomic arrangement. The calculated critical temperature Tc of Co2TiAl exhibited variation depending on the structural prototype, and it is determined to be equal to 131K for the L21 prototype, while in the XA structure, it increases significantly to 248K. The higher Tc indicates improved thermal stability, expanding the material’s operational range and making it suitable for applications that require magnetic functionality at higher temperatures.
Estimating construction waste in New Zealand: a focus on urban areas, residential and non-residential building activities
Authors: Albsoul Hadeel , Doan Dat Tien , GhaffarianHoseini Ali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the significant increase in construction waste (CW) due to urbanisation and population growth in New Zealand and worldwide. The aim is to estimate CW using available data in New Zealand and identify relevant indicators to employ estimation methods. Various methods and models for estimating CW at the urban level and from building activities are reviewed. According to the best available data, the paper uses the per-capita multiplier and waste generation rate methods to estimate CW in New Zealand. New Zealand’s per-capita multiplier for CW is 943.46 kg/per capita. The waste generation method using the floor area indicator is applied at residential and non-residential building levels. The estimated CW in 2021 was 531,109 tonnes for residential and non-residential buildings using the floor area indicator. The findings reveal a positive relationship between residential building activity and population growth, with Auckland generating the highest rate of CW. Because of the limitations of the available data and estimation methods, the paper highlights the need for standardised data collection systems and outreach programs to improve CW estimation practices. Further research is recommended to enhance waste reduction strategies and identify high-waste-generating materials and methods. It is vital to have accurate CW estimations to support project waste management plans and sustainable construction practices and to inform waste management policies and regulations at the regional or national level.