bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal investigation into childhood-and adolescence-onset depression: Psychiatric outcome in early adulthood
Authors: Dunn Valerie , Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: February 2006

BackgroundMajor depression in childhood or adolescence increases the risk of affective disorder in adulthood. The precise nature and course of the subsequent disorder remain unclear.AimsTo investigate long-term psychiatric outcome of school-age depression in community and clinic samples.MethodA group of 113 young adults were followed up after a mean of 7.8 years (s.e.=15).ResultsGroups with persistent and recurrent depression were identified. Recurrence of affective disorder was similar in clinic and community groups. The clinic group had significantly longer index episodes; these were predicted by an early psychiatric history, longer episode duration before treatment and greater impairment. Being female, having higher self-report depression scores and comorbidity at index episode predicted earlier recurrence. Males were more likely to have persistent depression.ConclusionsPrognosis is similar in young people with depression from community and clinical samples. Boys from a clinical sample are at higher risk than girls of becoming persistently and severely mentally ill.
Lifetime suicide rates in treated schizophrenia: 1875–1924 and 1994–1998 cohorts compared
Authors: Healy D. , Harris M. , Tranter R. , Gutting P. , Austin R. , Jones-Edwards G. , Roberts A. P. 
Published: February 2006

BackgroundRecent interest in suicide rates in schizophrenia has been considerable.AimsTo establish the lifetime suicide rate from the pre-chlorpromazineera and to compare this with recent lifetime suicide rates for schizophrenia.MethodWe have compared suicide and suicide attempt rates for 741 admissions for schizophrenia and 1303 admissions for psychoses to the North Wales Asylum between 1875 and 1924, with first admissions for psychosis in North West Wales between 1994 and 1998.ResultsThe suicide rate in schizophrenia between 1875 and 1924 was 20 per 100 000 hospital years, a lifetime rate of less than 0.5%. The suicide rate for all psychoses was 16 per 100 000 hospital years. Current rates of suicide for schizophrenia and other psychoses appear 20-fold higher.ConclusionsThese findings point to an increase in suicide rates for patients with schizophrenia.
Alcohol consumption and suicide among middle-aged men in Japan
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Iwasaki Motoki , Uchitomi Yosuke , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: February 2006

BackgroundFew studies have investigated large population-based cohorts for an association between alcohol consumption and suicide.AimsTo investigate the possible association between alcohol intake and suicide.MethodWe used nationwide population-based cohort data from the Japan Public Health Centre-Based Prospective Study cohort. Atotal of 43 383 men aged 40–69 years participated. Death from suicide was defined according to ICD–10 as codes X60-X84.ResultsDuringthe367817person-years of follow-up, there were 168 suicides. Compared with occasional drinkers, the pooled multivariate relative risk (RR; with 95% CI) of suicide for non-drinkers and regular heavy drinkers was 2.3 (1.2–4.6) and 2.3 (1.2–4.7) respectively. The RR increased with the amount of alcohol consumed (P for trend =0.004).ConclusionsThere is a U-shaped association between alcohol consumption and subsequent suicide.
Comorbid substance use and age at onset of schizophrenia
Authors: Barnes Thomas R. E. , Mutsatsa Stanley H. , Hutton Sam B. , Watt Hilary C. , Joyce Eileen M. 
Published: February 2006

BackgroundSubstance use may be a risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia.AimsTo examine the association between substance use and age at onset in a UK, inner-city sample of people with recent-onset schizophrenia.MethodThe study sample consisted of 152 people recruited to the West London First-Episode Schizophrenia Study. Self-reported data on drug and alcohol use, as well as information on age at onset of psychosis, were collected. Mental state, cognition (IQ, memory and executive function) and social function were also assessed.ResultsIn total, 60% of the participants were smokers, 27% reported a history of problems with alcohol use, 35% reported current substance use (not including alcohol), and 68% reported lifetime substance use (cannabis and psychostimulants were most commonly used). Cannabis use and gender had independent effects on age at onset of psychosis, after adjusting for alcohol misuse and use of other drugs.ConclusionsThe strong association between self-reported cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis provides further evidence that schizophrenia may be precipitated by cannabis use and/or that the early onset of symptoms is a risk factor for cannabis use.
Inconsistency in reporting potentially traumatic events
Authors: Hepp Urs , Gamma Alex , Milos Gabriella , Eich Dominique , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Rössler Wulf , Angst Jules , Schnyder Ulrich 
Published: February 2006

BackgroundResearch on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relies mainly on self-reports of exposure to trauma and its consequences.AimsTo analyse the consistency of the reporting of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) over time.MethodA community-based cohort, representative of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, was interviewed at the ages of 34–35 years (in 1993) and 40–41 years (in 1999). A semi-structured diagnostic interview, including a section on PTSD, was administered.ResultsOf the 342 participants who attended both interviews, 169 reported some PTE (1993,n=110; 1999,n=120). In 1999, 56 participants (33.1%) reported for the first time PTEs that actually occurred before 1993, but which had not been reported in the 1993 interview. In total, 68 participants (40.2%) who had reported a PTE in 1993 did not report it in 1999. The overall frequency of inconsistent reporting was 63.9%.ConclusionsThe high level of inconsistency in the reporting of PTEs has implications for therapy as well as for research.
Impact of psychiatric disturbance on identifying psychiatric disorder in relatives: study of mothers and daughters
Authors: Coelho Helen F. , Cooper Peter J. , Murray Lynne 
Published: February 2006

SummaryPrevious studies have suggested that collecting psychiatric data on relatives in family studies by asking probands to provide information on them leads to a bias in estimates of morbidity risk, because probands' accounts are influenced by their own psychiatric histories. We investigated this in a UK sample and found that daughters' anxiety disorder histories did not influence their reports of anxiety disorder in mothers, but their history of mood disorder/alcohol dependence made them more sensitive in predicting mood disorder/alcohol dependence in mothers.
Maternal psychological morbidity and low birth weight in India
Authors: Patel Vikram , Prince Martin 
Published: February 2006

SummaryDepression following childbirth is associated with poor child growth in developing countries. We describe the association between psychological morbidity during pregnancy and low birth weight (<2.5 kg). A cohort of 270 mothers was recruited from a district hospital in Goa, India; all mothers were interviewed with a screening questionnaire for psychological morbidity. Babies of 250 mothers were reviewed at birth to measure their weight. Excluding 5 premature babies, we found that maternal psychological morbidity was independently associated with low birth weight (odds ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.00–2.07). We conclude that maternal psychological morbidity has an adverse impact on foetal growth.
Stressful life events, 5-HTT genotype and risk of depression
Authors: Zammit Stanley , Owen Michael J. 
Published: February 2006

SummaryStudies of how genetic and environmental exposures interact may be essential for understanding the aetiology of complex psychiatric disorders. In this issue of the Journal an Australian study reports evidence of such an interaction on risk of depression. We discuss findings in this field in the context of the limitations inherent in studies of gene–environment interactions.
Assertive outreach: policy and reality
Authors: Schneider Justine , Brandon Toby , Wooff David , Carpenter John , Paxton Roger 
Published: February 2006

Aims and MethodThis survey set out to profile the case-loads of assertive outreach teams in North East England, to discover whether they were reaching the people for whom they were meant. A survey of case-loads of 29 assertive outreach teams was carried out using the MARC-2, HoNOS and GAS instruments. Findings were compared with earlier surveys of the case-loads of community mental health teams in parts of the same region.ResultsClients of assertive outreach teams proved to be at the more severe end of the spectrum on almost every measure: 95% were deemed ‘psychotic’ and 30% had three or more admissions in the previous 2 years.ConclusionsAssertive outreach teams in the North East are reaching the people they are meant to target. The effects of this shift on existing teams remain to be evaluated.
Concurrent Cetuximab, Cisplatin, and Concomitant Boost Radiotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced, Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Phase II Study of a New Combined-Modality Paradigm
Authors: Pfister David G. , Su Yungpo Bernard , Kraus Dennis H. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Lis Eric , Aliff Timothy B. , Zahalsky Andrew J. , Lake Simone , Needle Michael N. , Shaha Ashok R. , Shah Jatin P. , Zelefsky Michael J. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cetuximab has activity in squamous cell carcinoma and enhances both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We conducted a pilot phase II study of a new combined-modality paradigm of targeted therapy (cetuximab) with chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had stage III or IV, M0, squamous cell head and neck cancer. Treatment included concomitant boost radiotherapy (1.8 Gy/d weeks 1 to 6; boost: 1.6 Gy 4 to 6 hours later weeks 5 to 6; 70 Gy total to gross disease), cisplatin (100 mg/m2 intravenously weeks 1 and 4), and cetuximab (400 mg/m2 intravenously week 1, followed by 250 mg/m2 weeks 2 to 10). Results Twenty-two patients were enrolled (median age, 57 years; range, 41 to 72 years; median Karnofsky status, 90%; range, 70% to 90%; oropharynx primary tumor, 59% of patients; T4, 36%; N2/3, 77%; stage IV disease, 86%). One patient did not receive study treatment because of an ineligible diagnosis. The severity of expected, acute toxicities was typical of concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy alone. Grade 3 or 4 cetuximab-related toxicities included acne-like rash (10%) and hypersensitivity (5%). However, the study was closed for significant adverse events, including two deaths (one pneumonia and one unknown cause), one myocardial infarction, one bacteremia, and one atrial fibrillation. With a median follow-up of 52 months, the 3-year overall survival rate is 76%, the 3-year progression-free survival rate is 56%, and the 3-year locoregional control rate is 71%. Conclusion This regimen is not currently recommended outside of the clinical trial setting. Further investigation of its safety profile is needed. However, preliminary efficacy is encouraging, and further development of this targeted combined-modality paradigm is warranted.
Multiagent Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer: Mature Results From a Single Institution
Authors: Adelstein David J. , Saxton Jerrold P. , Rybicki Lisa A. , Esclamado Ramon M. , Wood Benjamin G. , Strome Marshall , Lavertu Pierre , Lorenz Robert R. , Carroll Marjorie A. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose A retrospective review with long-term follow-up is reported from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation studying radiation and concurrent multiagent chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer. Patients and Methods Between 1989 and 2002, 222 patients were treated with 4-day continuous infusions of fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m2/d) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d) during weeks 1 and 4 of either once daily or twice daily radiation therapy. Primary site resection was reserved for patients with residual or recurrent primary site disease after chemoradiotherapy. Neck dissection was considered for patients with N2 or greater disease, irrespective of clinical response, and for patients with residual or recurrent neck disease. Results With a median follow-up of 73 months, the Kaplan-Meier 5-year projected overall survival rate is 65.7%, freedom from recurrence rate is 74.0%, local control without the need for surgical resection rate is 86.7%, and overall survival rate with organ preservation is 62.2%. Including patients undergoing primary site resection as salvage therapy, the overall local control rate is 92.4%. Regional control rate at 5 years is 92.4%. Among patients with N2-3 disease, regional control was significantly better if a planned neck dissection was performed. Distant control at 5 years was achieved in 85.4% of patients and was significantly worse in patients with hypopharyngeal primary sites and patients with poorly differentiated tumors. Conclusion Concurrent multiagent chemoradiotherapy can result in organ preservation and cure in the majority of appropriately selected patients with locoregionally advanced, nonmetastatic, squamous cell head and neck cancer. Distant metastatic disease was the most common cause of treatment failure. Late functional outcomes will require further investigation.
Advanced Breast Cancer Patients' Perceptions of Decision Making for Palliative Chemotherapy
Authors: Grunfeld Elizabeth A. , Maher E. Jane , Browne Susannah , Ward Pippa , Young Teresa , Vivat Bella , Walker Gay , Wilson Cathy , Potts Henry W. , Westcombe Alex M. , Richards Michael A. , Ramirez Amanda J. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose To examine advanced breast cancer patients' perceptions of the key decision-making consultation for palliative chemotherapy. Patients and Methods One hundred two women with advanced breast cancer, who were offered palliative chemotherapy, participated in a study-specific semistructured interview examining perceptions of the information they had received and their involvement in the decision-making process. One hundred seventeen interviews included 70 in relation to first-line chemotherapy and 47 in relation to second-line chemotherapy (15 patients were interviewed in relation to both first- and second-line chemotherapy). Results Eighty-six percent of patient interviews (n = 101) reported patient satisfaction with the information they received, and 91% (n = 106) reported satisfaction with the decision-making process. Factors most influential in decisions to accept chemotherapy were the possibility of controlling the tumor (45%, n = 53 of patient interviews) and providing hope (33%, n = 28 of patient interviews; 19%, n = 13 being offered first-line chemotherapy v 43%, n = 20 being offered second-line chemotherapy; P = .006). Thirty-eight percent of patient interviews (n = 44) reported the patient as taking an active role in the decision-making process (33%, n = 23 at first-line chemotherapy v 43%, n = 20 at second-line chemotherapy; P = .06). Conclusion Women offered second-line chemotherapy were more likely to undergo chemotherapy because of the hope it offers and were more likely to take an active role in that decision compared with women who were offered first-line chemotherapy. Compassionate and honest communication about prognosis and likelihood of benefit from treatment may help to close the gap between hope and expectation and enable patients to make fully informed decisions about palliative chemotherapy.
Hospice Referral Practices for Children With Cancer: A Survey of Pediatric Oncologists
Authors: Fowler Kimberly , Poehling Katherine , Billheimer Dean , Hamilton Rodney , Wu Huiyun , Mulder John , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: February 2006

Purpose To examine hospice referral patterns among pediatric oncologists and identify barriers to referral. Methods A self-administered survey was sent to 1,200 pediatric oncologists who are members of Children's Oncology Group. Two electronic mail messages followed by traditional mail surveys were sent to eligible physicians. Pediatricians and pediatric oncologists developed, pretested, and modified the survey for item clarification. Results Of 944 eligible pediatric oncologists surveyed, 632 replied, yielding a response rate of 67%. Most respondents reported having access to palliative care programs (65%) and hospice services (85%), but few (27%) had access to inpatient hospice services. More respondents reported feeling comfortable managing end-of-life pain than psychological issues (86% v 67%, respectively). Many pediatric oncologists (62%) reported that half or more of their patients died in the hospital. In multivariate analysis, physicians with access to hospice that accepts patients receiving chemotherapy had more patients die at home than in hospital compared with physicians without access to such services (P = .007). The probability of hospice referral was positively associated with the presence of a hospice facility (P < .001) and with a larger size oncology group (P = .024). Only 2.5% of respondents referred patients at the time of relapse. Continued therapy was cited as the most common reason for not making a referral, and was significantly higher when hospice did not admit children receiving chemotherapy (P = .002). Conclusion Hospice referral for children with cancer is usually made late in the course of their disease and might improve if hospice admits patients who are actively receiving chemotherapy.
Prognostic Value of Pathologic Complete Response After Primary Chemotherapy in Relation to Hormone Receptor Status and Other Factors
Authors: Guarneri Valentina , Broglio Kristine , Kau Shu-Wan , Cristofanilli Massimo , Buzdar Aman U. , Valero Vicente , Buchholz Thomas , Meric Funda , Middleton Lavinia , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana M. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose To evaluate whether hormonal receptor (HR) status can influence the prognostic significance of pathologic complete response (pCR). Patients and Methods This retrospective analysis included 1,731 patients with stage I to III noninflammatory breast cancer treated between 1988 and 2005 with primary chemotherapy (PC). Ninety-one percent of patients received anthracycline-based PC, and 66% received additional taxane therapy. pCR was defined as no evidence of invasive tumor in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Results Median age was 49 years (range, 19 to 83 years). Sixty-seven percent of patients (n = 1,163) had HR-positive tumors. A pCR was observed in 225 (13%) of 1,731 patients; pCR rates were 24% in HR-negative tumors and 8% in HR-positive tumors (P < .001). A significant survival benefit for patients who achieved pCR compared with no pCR was observed regardless of HR status. In the HR-positive group, 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.4% v 84.5% (P = .04) and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 91.1% v 65.3% (P < .0001) for patients with and without pCR, respectively. For the HR-negative group, 5-year OS rates were 83.9% v 67.4% (P = .003) and 5-year PFS rates were 83.4% v 50.0% (P < .0001) for patients with and without pCR, respectively. After adjustment for adjuvant hormonal treatment, HR status, clinical stage, and nuclear grade, patients who achieved a pCR had 0.36 times the risk of death. Conclusion pCR is associated with better outcome regardless of HR status in breast cancer patients who receive PC.
Time Between the First Day of Chemotherapy and the Last Day of Chest Radiation Is the Most Important Predictor of Survival in Limited-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: De Ruysscher Dirk , Pijls-Johannesma Madelon , Bentzen Søren M. , Minken André , Wanders Rinus , Lutgens Ludy , Hochstenbag Monique , Boersma Liesbeth , Wouters Bradly , Lammering Guido , Vansteenkiste Johan , Lambin Philippe 
Published: February 2006

Purpose To identify time factors for combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy predictive for long-term survival of patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). Methods A systematic overview identified suitable phase III trials. Using meta-analysis methodology to compare results within trials, the influence of the timing of chest radiation and the start of any treatment until the end of radiotherapy (SER) on local tumor control, survival, and esophagitis was analyzed. For comparison between studies, the equivalent radiation dose in 2-Gy fractions, corrected for the overall treatment time of chest radiotherapy, was analyzed. Results The SER was the most important predictor of outcome. There was a significantly higher 5-year survival rate in the shorter SER arms (relative risk [RR] = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.80; P = .0003), which was more than 20% when the SER was less than 30 days (upper bound of 95% CI, 90 days). A low SER was associated with a higher incidence of severe esophagitis (RR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42 to 073; P < .0001). Each week of extension of the SER beyond that of the study arm with the shortest SER resulted in an overall absolute decrease in the 5-year survival rate of 1.83% ± 0.18% (95% CI). Conclusion A low time between the first day of chemotherapy and the last day of chest radiotherapy is associated with improved survival in LD-SCLC patients. The novel parameter SER, which takes into account accelerated proliferation of tumor clonogens during both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, may facilitate a more rational design of combined-modality treatment in rapidly proliferating tumors.
Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials Reporting in the Primary Treatment of Brain Tumors
Authors: Lai Rose , Chu Rong , Fraumeni Michael , Thabane Lehana 
Published: February 2006

Purpose To assess the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the primary treatment of brain tumors and to identify significant predictors of quality. Patients and Methods Two investigators searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and bibliographies of retrieved articles for RCTs in the primary treatment of brain tumors published between January 1990 and December 2004. We assessed the quality of overall reporting and key methodologic factors reporting (allocation concealment, blinding, and intention to treat [ITT]). Two investigators also rated articles independently using items from the revised Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement. A generalized estimated equation was used to generate regression models that identified significant factors associated with quality of reporting. Results We retrieved 74 relevant RCTs that randomly assigned 14,498 brain tumor patients. The quality of overall reporting has improved during the last 15 years, but eight of the 15 methodologic items were reported in less than 50% of trials. In the appraisal of the reporting quality of key methodologies, allocation concealment, blinding, and adherence to the ITT principle were reported in less than 30% of articles. Multivariable regression models revealed that an impact factor more than 1.66, publication after 1995, and sample size more than 280 were significant factors associated with better overall reporting, whereas complete industrial funding, impact factors more than 2.64, and positive primary outcomes were predictors of higher ratings of the three most important methodologic qualities. Conclusion Despite improvement in general reporting quality, key methodologies that safeguard against biases may still benefit from better description. Significant factors associated with better reporting may act as surrogates for other characteristics.