bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human T cell recognition of cloned HL A class I gene products expressed on DNA transfectants of mouse mastocytoma P815
Authors: Maryanski Janet L. , Moretta Alessandro , Jordan Bertrand , de Plaen Etienne , van Pel Aline , Boon Thierry , Cerottini Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCloned genes for human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens were introduced by DNA‐mediated gene transfer into a high‐efficiency transfection recipient (HTR) cell line previously derived from mouse mastocytoma P815. Cell surface expression of HLA‐A3, AW24 and CW3 gene products on P815 transfectants was demonstrated by radioimmune assay and by flow cytometry. The human MHC class I gene products were apparently expressed on P815 transfectants in a form recognized by human cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Human CTL generated in unidirectional mixed lymphocyte culture against AW24+ donor lymphocytes clearly lysed P815‐HLA‐AW24+ transfectant target cells, but not untransfected P815(HTR) controls. Moreover, P815‐HLA transfectants could stimulate in vitro a significant alloreactive human CTL response. Lysis of P815‐HLA transfectant target cells by human CTL was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against human MHC class I gene products. These mouse cell transfectants may be useful for the study of human T cell responses.
Transformation of B and non‐B cell lines with the 2,4,6‐ trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐specific immunoglobulin genes
Authors: McCubrey James , McKearn John P. , Köhler Georges 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rearranged μ and x genes from the 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐specific hybridoma Sp6 have been introduced into B cells from three different stages of differentiation as well as 5 non‐B cell lines to determine the levels and modes of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene expression. In pre‐B cells transformed with the μ and ϰ genes, low levels of Sp6‐ specific μ RNA were produced and approximately 210‐fold less μ and 800‐fold less ϰ proteins were produced than in the hybridoma Sp6. The Ig proteins were present intracellularly, but were not detected on the cell membrane. In mature surface sIg+ B cell transformants, higher levels of μSp6 and ϰSp6 proteins and RNA were produced than in the pre‐B cell transformants (12 × μ, 70 × ϰ). These transformants displayed the μSp6 and ϰSp6 proteins on the cell membrane and also secreted the transfected Ig product. Plasma cell transformants produced the highest amounts of μSp6 and ϰSp6proteins. These transformants secreted pentameric IgM but did not display detectable amounts of these proteins on the cell membrane.T cell and one fibroblast transformant produced Ig as normal sized μSp6 and ϰSp6proteins. All other μSp6 and ϰSp6 non‐B cell transformants (melanoma, teratoma and macrophage) failed to produce enough Ig to determine whether the Ig proteins were of the correct molecular weights. The T cell and fibroblast transformants that produced Ig proteins did not secrete or display detectable Ig on the cell membrane. The expression of Ig did not inhibit the expression of the T cell antigen Thy‐1 in the T cell transformants.
Oscillation of antibody production and regulatory T cells in response to antigenic stimulation
Authors: Zöller Margot , Lopatta Dagmar , Benato Benjamino , Andrighetto Giancarlo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPriming with the T‐dependent antigen trinitrophenylated horse red blood cells led to an oscillatory response of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) with peaks of response after 4, 8, 12 and 16 days. Limiting dilution (LD) analysis of regulatory T cells indicated that the response is partly due to activation of helper T cells (Th), but mainly is the result of release from suppression by activation of a third regulatory T cell (T3) population (Zöller, H. and Andrighetto, G., Immunology 1985. 55: 703). Priming resulted in consecutive activation of suppressor T cells (Ts; day 1‐3), a population regulating Ts(T3; day 2‐4) and of Th (day 4). Furthermore, regulatory elements displayed a cyclical behavior like PFC. Th and T3 oscillated within a period of 4 days in phase with PFC, while Ts oscillated phase‐shifted to PFC, Th and T3. Hence, oscillation of PFC after priming with a T‐dependent antigen is the result of interactions among regulatory T cells.The data are interpreted as follows. Th are the primum movens of the oscillatory behavior of PFC response, since Th oscillate in phase with PFC and display the same pattern of decreasing amplitudes as PFC. However, the basic regulatory elements are Ts and T3 which are interlinked and oscillate phase shifted. As revealed by the time‐ course analysis of LD curves, T3 function as suppressor cells for Ts. Hence the status of mutual interactions of Ts and T3 determines suppression of Th or release from suppression, i.e. when T3 are found at high frequencies, Th are released from suppression, since T3 suppresses Ts. Instead, the increase in the frequency of Ts and their predation on Th determine the decrease of the frequency of Th. Thus, these data support the hypothesis of a circular network, the central regulatory core being composed of two elements, Ts and T3, with mutual suppressive activity.
Several V genes participate in the early phenyloxazolone response in various combinations
Authors: Kaartinen Matti , Pelkonen Jukka , Mäkelä Olli 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeventeen monoclonal anti‐2‐phenyloxazolone antibodies from the early (day 7) primary response were partially sequenced with an mRNA method. Ten antibodies expressed the VH−Ox1 gene. The remaining seven express at least four but probably six different germ‐line VH genes belonging to Dildrop's groups 1, 5, 6 and 7 (Immunol. Today 1984. 5: 85). Two of them have been met before in other antibodies, one (group 6) in J606 and the other (group 7) in antibodies to the influenza virus hemagglutinin.Eleven kappa chains were partially sequenced and five of them (all VH−Ox1 antibodies) express the Vx−Ox1 gene. One expresses another germ‐line gene of the Vx−Ox1 family, one the Vx89.4 gene, three the Vx45.1 gene and one a new Vx gene. The Vx45.1 gene was found to form anti‐phox antibodies with two new VH genes.The frequency of somatic mutations in day 7 antibodies was estimated by comparing germ‐line sequences and antibody sequences. It is low (one mutation per 2500 nucleotides sequenced), twenty times lower than in antibodies obtained a week later. Two anti‐idiotype antisera (495 and 260) are useful in the typing of monoclonal antibodies. 260 bound only to antibodies coded by both VH−Ox1 and Vx−Ox1 genes. 495 bound strongly to antibodies coded by the VH−Ox1 gene and weakly to antibodies coded by the (related) VH101 gene regardless of the light chain partner.
Quantitative representation of two germ‐line V genes in the early antibody response to 2‐phenyloxazolone
Authors: Pelkonen Jukka , Kaartinen Matti , Mäkelä Olli 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarly anti‐phenyloxazolone antibodies of B ALB/c mice include a subset that bears the nearly or totally unmutated VH−Ox1 sequence. A fraction of this subset also bears the nearly or totally unmutated Vx−Ox1 sequence. The whole subset is recognized by an anti‐idiotype serum 495 and the VH−Ox1/Vx−Ox1 fraction also by another anti‐idiotype serum 260.Frequencies of the VH−Ox1 subset and its Vx−Ox1 fraction in early IgM and IgG antibodies were determined by typing hybridomas with anti‐idiotype antisera. The whole subset appears to make up approximately one half of IgG antibodies, two thirds of this being 495+/260+ in both isotypes. IgM data are less certain but the same frequencies may be valid.Affinities of 495+/260+ antibodies ranged from 1.3 × 106 to 11 × 106, affinities of 495+/260− antibodies from 0.47 × 106 to 1.1 × 106, and affinities of doubly negative antibodies were less than 0.41 × 106. High affinity is probably an explanation for the high proportion (one third) of the 495+/260+ antibodies in the early response. Doubly negative (and low‐affinity) hybridomas may not have been classified as producers of phenyloxazolone antibodies in earlier studies, and this could explain the still higher reported frequency (73%) of VH−Ox1/Vx−Ox1 antibodies.
Electronmicroscopical observations on monocyte‐lymphocyte interactions upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen latex conjugate
Authors: De Vries Egbert , Van Weij Johan P. Der , Van Der Veen Corrie J. P. , Doekes Gert , Steven Malcolm M. , Cats Arnold 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study we report on the preparation and application of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) conjugated to latex particles. This conjugate (PWM‐latex) was prepared by incubation of PWM with latex particles in the presence of glutaraldehyde. The effect of the addition of PWM‐latex to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was fully comparable to the addition of PWM alone i.e. differentiation of lymphocytes into blast cells followed by proliferation of these blast cells as measured by DNA synthesis and total cell number. Electronmicroscopically PWM‐latex was found to be taken up by monocytes within the first 24 h after addition. Although no direct interaction could be observed between PWM‐latex and lymphocytes, the latter were found to differentiate into blast cells. Due to interactions of these blast cells with latex‐containing monocytes, latex particles were obviously released from the phagocytes and close contacts between latex particles and blast cells were regularly seen. In addition, it was found that blast cells of T cell origin, as judged by their positive reaction with anti‐T cell monoclonal antibodies, had taken up latex particles. Based on enzyme‐cytochemical, functional and light microscopical studies, monocytes could not be detected in the PWM‐latex‐driven PBMC stimulation after 6 days. At the electronmicroscopical level evidence was found that the inability to demonstrate macrophages could be due to the release of the lysosomal enzyme content and of parts of the cytoplasm.
Control of Ia antigen expression on phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum by interferon‐gamma and prostaglandins
Authors: Papiernik Martine , Dombret Hervé , Stefanos Simon , Wietzerbin Juana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum (P‐TR) spawned in the microenvironment of primary thymic stroma cultures express class II antigens on their membranes. We can show that Ia‐antigen expression is regulated by the local secretion of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ): (a) early primary culture supernatants contain IFN as tested by a cytopathogenic inhibition test after concentration of IFN activity; (b) the addition of a specific anti‐IFN‐γ antiserum to primary cultures reduces Ia expression on P‐TR suggesting that IFN‐γ produced in situ is implicated in Ia expression; (c) the percentage of Ia+ cells declines as primary cultures age. This phenomenon parallels the disappearance of thymocytes which are the supposed candidate for IFN‐γ secretion. (d) When isolated from their stromal environment and replated in secondary cultures, P‐TR lose their membrane Ia antigen which can be re‐expressed in the presence of recombinant IFN‐γ, but not IFN‐α/β. The decline of Ia expression on P‐TR during the aging of primary cultures may be delayed by the inhibition of prostaglandin secretion.
Functional and mechanistic studies on the toxicity of deoxyguanosine for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes
Authors: Scharenberg John G. M. , Spaapen Leo J. M. , Rijkers Ger T. , Duran Marinus , Staal Gerard E. J. , Zegers Ben J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDeoxyguanosine (dGuo) has been implicated as the toxic metabolite causing a severe impairment of cellular immunity in children with a genetic deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). In peripheral blood T cells of normal donors both the pathway which leads to phosphorylation of dGuo (ultimately resulting in deoxyguanosine triphosphate, dGTP) and the salvage pathway which starts with degradation of dGuo by PNP (resulting in the formation of guanosine triphosphate, GTP) contribute to the inhibition of proliferation. In normal peripheral blood B cells, addition of dGuo leads to an inhibition of proliferation and differentiation. The concentrations of dGuo needed to cause a 50% inhibition are equivalent for peripheral blood T cells and B cells. Inhibition of B cell differentiation can be observed at the level of intracytoplasmic as well as secreted Ig and concerns all Ig isotypes. The early phase of B cell activation which takes place during a 24‐h preculture with formalinized Cowan I Staphylococci is not affected by dGuo; it is not until proliferation and differentiation of B cells, brought about by culturing in the presence of crude concanavalin A supernatant, occurs that inhibitory effects of dGuo become evident. Addition of dGuo to B cell cultures results in an intracellular accumulation of GTP and dGTP. Addition of 8‐aminoguanosine, a PNP inhibitor, next to dGuo, completely prevents the dGuo‐mediated inhibition. Under these circumstances the dGuo‐mediated increase in intracellular GTP is abrogated while dGTP accumulation still occurs. This indicates that the inhibitory effect of dGuo on the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral blood B lymphocytes of normal donors is independent of dGTP accumulation.
Analysis of immunoglobulins expressing the Vx21E and Vx21D gene products. Evidence for multigenic control of the expression of VH−VL combinations
Authors: Primi Daniele , Devaux Christian , Pierres Michel , Barbier Eliane , Cazenave Pierre‐André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the genetic control of VH−VL combined expression. To this end immunoglobulins expressing the Vx21E and Vx21D gene products were isolated from the normal sera of several inbred strains of mice using a monoclonal antibody that selectively reacts with Vx21E and Vx21D subgroups. Analysis of the isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern of the IgG heavy chains of these immunoglobulins obtained from H‐2‐congeneic mice revealed as expected that Igh‐linked loci strongly influence VH−VL combined expression. The IEF pattern of Vx21D and Vx21E‐associated heavy chains isolated from recombinant inbred mouse strains, however, revealed different phenotypes from either parental strains in strains in which both H‐2 and Igh loci segregated from the same parent. These data, therefore, strongly suggest that the expression of VH−VL combinations is controlled in part by genetic loci which segregate independently from those linked to H‐2 and Igh.
Interferon‐γ induces light chain synthesis in interleukin 2 stimulated human B cells
Authors: Bieh‐Thuy Lě Thi , Queen Cary , Fauci Anthony S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman B cells were cultured without added lymphokines, with interleukin 2 (IL 2) or interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) alone, or with a combination of IL2 and IFN‐γ. Treatment with IL2 alone induced differentiation of the B cells, as shown by an increase in the number of immunoglobulin (Ig)‐containing cells and plaque‐forming cells, and by a larger amount of Ig secreted into the medium. In most of the induced Ig‐containing cells, heavy chains but not light chains were detectable by cytoplasmic staining. Treatment with IFN‐γ alone did not stimulate B cell differentiation. However, a combination of IFN‐γ and IL2 was more effective than IL 2 alone in inducing B cell differentiation, as measured by further increases in the number of plaque‐forming cells and in total Ig secretion. Furthermore, after treatment with both 1L 2 and IFN‐γ, most cells that contained cytoplasmic heavy chains also contained cytoplasmic light chains. We conclude that IFN‐γ acts in synergy with IL2 in B cell differentiation by enhancing light chain synthesis, leading to secretion of Ig molecules.
Is the antibody response specific?
Authors: Etlinger Howard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntroduction of heterologous immunoglobulin (Ig) or red blood cells into mice results in an increased production of Ig and immunogen‐reactive antibody. Since the increase in both total Ig and specific antibody is similar, it is concluded that the antibody response is specific. This result, which contrasts with those of previous studies in which the production of large amounts of nonspecific Ig was reported, suggests that in vivo T‐dependent B cell activation and differentiation to plasma cells requires the presence of immunogen and linked recognition.
The human immune response against major allergens from house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus: II. Idiotypic cross‐reactions of allergen‐specific antibodies
Authors: Saint‐Remy Jean‐Marie R. , Lebrun Philippe M. , Lebecque Serge J. , Masson Pierre L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntisera were prepared in rabbits against the idiotypic (Id) determinants of anti‐allergen antibodies. These antibodies were isolated from the plasma of 10 unrelated patients by immunoabsorption. Three major allergens isolated from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT), were used. The anti‐Id antisera were rendered specific by successive absorption on insolubilized allergens, IgG and IgM from a pool of human sera and Ig from the donor after removal of anti‐DPT antibodies by absorption.Anti‐Id antibodies raised essentially against IgG antibodies were found to inhibit the agglutinating activity of both IgG and IgM anti‐DPT antibodies toward allergen‐coated latex. These anti‐Id antibodies were also able to inhibit partly the binding of radiolabeled allergen to IgE anti‐DPT antibodies. Matching the anti‐Id antisera with the various individual anti‐DPT antibodies revealed an Id cross‐reactivity of about 71% for IgG, 61% for IgM and 62% for IgE. A second and predominant type of anti‐Id antibodies recognized bystander idiotopes as the allergen did not inhibit Id‐anti‐Id reaction. These idiotopes were apparently more specific to individuals (private) as the anti‐DPT antibodies of a given patient did not agglutinate latex particles coated with anti‐Id antibodies prepared against Id of another patient.
Alteration of the T cell self‐specificity repertoire by treatment with anti‐la antibody during embryonic life
Authors: Kimoto Masao , Kishimoto Susumu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of anti‐la antibody on the development of murine neonatal self‐Ia‐reactive T lymphocytes in the thymus was studied. A C57BL/6 (B6) mouse pregnant with (B6 ± C3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) embryos was injected with monoclonal anti‐I‐Ek(mαI‐Ek) antibody every other day starting from the 12th day of gestation. The mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR) responses of thymocytes from mαI‐Ek‐treated neonatal mice were assayed against adult B6 (H‐2b), C3H/H3 (H‐2k) or BALB/c (H‐2d) splenic stimulator cells. The syngeneic MLR response of mαI‐Ek‐treated B6C3F1 neonatal thymocytes against C3H stimulator cells was augmented compared to that of untreated neonatal thymocytes. Experiments utilizing recombinant inbred strains of mice as well as monoclonal anti‐Ia antibody blocking experiments suggested that the antigen(s) responsible for this augmentation of syngeneic MLR resided in the I‐Ek molecule. The MLR response against B6 or BALB/c stimulator cells was not influenced by mαI‐Ek treatment. We speculate that mαI‐Ek antibody blocked the expression of I‐Ek molecules in B6C3F1 embryos and this resulted in the alteration of T cell self‐specificity repertoire in the thymus. Our results support the concept that Ia molecules play important roles for the elimination of self‐reactive T lymphocyte clones in the thymus.
B cell activation by the nontransforming P3HR‐1 substrain of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)
Authors: Hu Cheng‐Po , Aman Pierre , Masucci Maria‐Grazia , Klein Eva , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe P3HR‐1 substrain of Epstein‐Barr virus does not transform B cells. This defect is known to be determined by the loss of the coding sequence for the nuclear antigen EBNA‐2. The virus can attach to and enter resting B cells. The initial events after EBV infection are reminiscent of those induced by polyclonal B cell activators. Similar to the effect of these, P3HR‐1 virus lowers membrane IgD expression on B cells and abrogates the transient elevation of activation markers BB‐1 and LB‐1 induced by the culture conditions. An important event of B cell activation is the acquisition of competence to respond to specific growth factors produced by T cells. This was induced by the P3HR‐1 virus. The infected B cells had elevated [3H]thymidine incorporation when exposed to the supernatant of PHA‐treated T cells. The EBV receptor is identical with the complement receptor CR2. Ligand binding to CR2 has been shown both with mouse and human B cells to deliver certain activation signals. Therefore, it is possible that the early step of activation by EBV is initiated through the binding to the receptor and is thus a cell surface event.
A novel approach for preparing anti‐T cell receptor constant region antibodies
Authors: Traunecker Andre , Dolder Beatrice , Karjalainen Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo obtain antibodies against the individual chains of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, we have produced chimeric proteins containing domains from immunoglobulin (Ig) and TCR polypeptide chains. Basically, the Ig light chains were used as carriers for the TCR constant (C) region domains. The exons which encode the main body of the C regions of the α, β and the related γ polypeptide chains were “engineered” into the intronic region between the rearranged Ig variable (V) region and Cx region genes. All three chimeric genes were expressed in myeloma cells, and the proteins of expected apparent molecular weight were produced. Secreted proteins containing the Cβ domain were purified from the culture supernatant by using anti‐x antibody affinity columns, and two rabbits were then immunized with the purified protein. Both rabbits produced antibodies able to immunoprecipitate the heterodimeric TCR protein.
Repertoire of murine λ‐positive variable domains: polyclonal induction of λ isotypes and their associated pattern of antibody specificities
Authors: Sanchez Pierre , Cazenave Pierre‐André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diversity of λ variable (Vλ) domains is extremely restricted when compared to those of VH and Vλ. In addition, each Vλ domain is determined by the Cλ domain, For these reasons, the λ system is an excellent model for the study of the associated VH region repertoire. The study of Vλ domain diversity has been limited by the small contribution (approximately 5%) of λ‐bearing proteins to the total Ig pool. We now show that treatment of BALB/c mice with rabbit anti‐λ1 antibodies coupled to lipopolysaccharide induces a production of polyclonal λ1 light chain‐bearing Ig whereas, conversely, treatment with rabbit anti‐λ2 antibodies induces a production of polyclonal λ2 + λ3 light chain‐bearing Ig. The antigenic specificities of these two distinct λ populations were then studied using B1355 dextran, (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) and 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) as antigens. The anti‐α(1‐3)dextran antibody specificity was found to be mediated exclusively by antibodies bearing the λ1 isotype whereas the anti‐NP and anti‐DNP antibody specificities are mediated by both the λ1 and λ2 + λ3 isotypes. In addition, various mouse strains with the VHa or VHb allotypic haplotype and the r or r phenotype were treated with rabbit anti‐λ1 antibodies. The λ1 anti‐NP and anti‐DNP antibody specificities were similar in all strains whereas the λ1 anti‐α(1‐3)dextran specificity was linked to the presence of the VHa allotypic haplotype. The mouse strains with the r or r phenotype did not differ in terms of their patterns of λ1 antibody specificities.