bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image encryption scheme based on improved four-dimensional chaotic system and evolutionary operators
Authors: Niu Ying , Zhou Hangyu , Zhang Xuncai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo enhance the security of image data transmission, and address the weaknesses of existing image encryption schemes based on chaotic systems, particularly concerning resistance to differential attacks and the unstable performance of chaotic systems, this article introduces an improved four-dimensional chaotic system and integrates evolutionary operators to propose an image encryption scheme. Firstly, a method for generating pseudo-random sequences associated with the plaintext is designed. The change rate of the ciphertext pixel value exceeds 0.9967 after a slight modification of the plaintext pixel value, significantly improving the plaintext sensitivity and the scheme's ability to resist selected plaintext attacks. Secondly, an individual rearrangement operation is introduced to achieve bit-level scrambling, and pixel-level scrambling is achieved by selection strategy. Subsequently, crossover and mutation operations are incorporated into image encryption. To reflect the randomness of the pairing, we adopt the pseudo-random sequence generated by the chaotic system to control the crossover and mutation operators, and a diffusion operation is performed on selected pixel pairs. Finally, ciphertext feedback is applied. Experimental results and performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only enhances the security of encrypted images but also effectively resists noise and cropping attacks. This method effectively meets the high-security requirements of images in network transmission and provides new ideas for further research in the field of image encryption.
Magnetic resonance imaging based finite element modelling of the proximal femur: a short-term in vivo precision study
Authors: Majcher Kadin B. , Kontulainen Saija A. , Leswick David A. , Dolovich Allan T. , Johnston James D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProximal femoral fractures are a serious life-threatening injury with high morbidity and mortality. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has potential to non-invasively assess proximal femoral bone strength in vivo through usage of finite element (FE) modelling (a technique referred to as MR-FE). To precisely assess bone strength, knowledge of measurement error associated with different MR-FE outcomes is needed. The objective of this study was to characterize the short-term in vivo precision errors of MR-FE outcomes (e.g., stress, strain, failure loads) of the proximal femur for fall and stance loading configurations using 13 participants (5 males and 8 females; median age: 27 years, range: 21–68), each scanned 3 times. MR-FE models were generated, and mean von Mises stress and strain as well as principal stress and strain were calculated for 3 regions of interest. Similarly, we calculated the failure loads to cause 5% of contiguous elements to fail according to the von Mises yield, Brittle Coulomb-Mohr, normal principal, and Hoffman stress and strain criteria. Precision (root-mean squared coefficient of variation) of the MR-FE outcomes ranged from 3.3% to 11.8% for stress and strain-based mechanical outcomes, and 5.8% to 9.0% for failure loads. These results provide evidence that MR-FE outcomes are a promising non-invasive technique for monitoring femoral strength in vivo.
Clinically-observed FOXA1 mutations upregulate SEMA3C through transcriptional derepression in prostate cancer
Authors: Tam Kevin J. , Liu Liangliang , Hsing Michael , Dalal Kush , Thaper Daksh , McConeghy Brian , Yenki Parvin , Bhasin Satyam , Peacock James W. , Wang Yuzhuo , Cherkasov Artem , Rennie Paul S. , Gleave Martin E. , Ong Christopher J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFOXA1 is a pioneer transcription factor that is frequently mutated in prostate, breast, bladder, and salivary gland malignancies. Indeed, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) commonly harbour FOXA1 mutations with a prevalence of 35%. However, despite the frequent recurrence of FOXA1 mutations in prostate cancer, the mechanisms by which FOXA1 variants drive its oncogenic effects are still unclear. Semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) is a secreted autocrine growth factor that drives growth and treatment resistance of prostate and other cancers and is known to be regulated by both AR and FOXA1. In the present study, we characterize FOXA1 alterations with respect to its regulation of SEMA3C. Our findings reveal that FOXA1 alterations lead to elevated levels of SEMA3C both in prostate cancer specimens and in vitro. We further show that FOXA1 negatively regulates SEMA3C via intronic cis elements, and that mutations in FOXA1 forkhead domain attenuate its inhibitory function in reporter assays, presumably by disrupting DNA binding of FOXA1. Our findings underscore the key role of FOXA1 in prostate cancer progression and treatment resistance by regulating SEMA3C expression and suggest that SEMA3C may be a driver of growth and tumor vulnerability of mCRPC harboring FOXA1 alterations.
Radiomics analysis for distinctive identification of COVID-19 pulmonary nodules from other benign and malignant counterparts
Authors: Selvam Minmini , Chandrasekharan Anupama , Sadanandan Abjasree , Anand Vikas K. , Ramesh Sidharth , Murali Arunan , Krishnamurthi Ganapathy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis observational study investigated the potential of radiomics as a non-invasive adjunct to CT in distinguishing COVID-19 lung nodules from other benign and malignant lung nodules. Lesion segmentation, feature extraction, and machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, feed-forward neural network, and discriminant analysis, were employed in the radiomics workflow. Key features such as Idmn, skewness, and long-run low grey level emphasis were identified as crucial in differentiation. The model demonstrated an accuracy of 83% in distinguishing COVID-19 from other benign nodules and 88% from malignant nodules. This study concludes that radiomics, through machine learning, serves as a valuable tool for non-invasive discrimination between COVID-19 and other benign and malignant lung nodules. The findings suggest the potential complementary role of radiomics in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia exhibiting lung nodules and suspicion of concurrent lung pathologies. The clinical relevance lies in the utilization of radiomics analysis for feature extraction and classification, contributing to the enhanced differentiation of lung nodules, particularly in the context of COVID-19.
Down-sampling from hierarchically structured corpus data
Authors: Sönning Lukas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Resource constraints often force researchers to downsize the list of tokens returned by a corpus query. This paper sketches a methodology for down-sampling and offers a survey of current practices. We build on earlier work and extend the evaluation of down-sampling designs to settings where tokens are clustered by text file and lexeme. Our case study deals with third-person present-tense verb inflection in Early Modern English and focuses on five predictors: year, gender, genre, frequency, and phonological context. We evaluate two strategies for selecting 2,000 (out of 11,645) tokens: simple down-sampling, where each hit has the same selection probability; and structured down-sampling, where this probability is inversely proportional to the author- and verb-specific token count. We form 500 subsamples using each scheme and compare regression results to a reference model fit to the full set of cases. We observe that structured down-sampling shows better performance on several evaluation criteria.
Exact asymptotics of long-range quantum correlations in a non-equilibrium steady state
Authors: Fraenkel Shachar , Goldstein Moshe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOut-of-equilibrium states of many-body systems tend to evade a description by standard statistical mechanics, and their uniqueness is epitomized by the possibility of certain long-range correlations that cannot occur in equilibrium. In quantum many-body systems, coherent correlations of this sort may lead to the emergence of remarkable entanglement structures. In this work, we analytically study the asymptotic scaling of quantum correlation measures—the mutual information (MI) and the fermionic negativity—within the zero-temperature steady state of voltage-biased free fermions on a one-dimensional lattice containing a non-interacting impurity. Previously, we have shown that two subsystems on opposite sides of the impurity exhibit volume-law entanglement, which is independent of the absolute distances of the subsystems from the impurity. Here, we go beyond that result and derive the exact form of the subleading logarithmic corrections to the extensive terms of correlation measures, in excellent agreement with numerical calculations. In particular, the logarithmic term of the MI asymptotics can be encapsulated in a concise formula, depending only on simple four-point ratios of subsystem length scales and on the impurity scattering probabilities at the Fermi energies. This echoes the case of equilibrium states, where such logarithmic terms may convey universal information about the physical system. To compute these exact results, we devise a hybrid method that relies on Toeplitz determinant asymptotics for correlation matrices in both real space and momentum space, successfully circumventing the inhomogeneity of the system. This method could potentially find wider use for analytical calculations of entanglement measures in similar scenarios.
Voice and Voicing Strategies Across Native and Second Language Writing: Extending the Interactional Metadiscourse Framework
Authors: Zhao Cecilia Guanfang , Wu Jincheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Authorial voice is often identified as a key trait of successful writing in English rhetoric and composition, leading to research on its construction, development, and assessment in various types of written texts. Using Hyland’s (2008) interactional metadiscourse framework, existing studies have also examined the use of particular voice-related element(s) across different writer groups. Few, however, have examined how L2 writers may construct voice similarly or differently in their L1 and L2 writing. The present study therefore examined voice strength and voicing strategies in L1-Chinese and L2-English essays composed by the same group of Chinese EFL writers. Paired samples t-test showed, surprisingly, that writers’ L2-English voice was significantly stronger than their L1-Chinese voice, whereas subsequent text analysis of L1 and L2 writing samples further revealed differing linguistic, rhetorical, and discoursal resources employed by writers for voice construction when writing in two different language systems. Such findings extend Hyland’s (2008) interactional metadiscourse framework on voice construction and offer important implications for L2 writing instruction and assessment.
Using a Handful of Transcriptomes to Detect Sex-Linked Markers and Develop Molecular Sexing Assays in a Species with Homomorphic Sex Chromosomes
Authors: Saunders Paul A , Ferre-Ortega Carles , Hill Peta L , Simakov Oleg , Ezaz Tariq , Burridge Christopher P , Wapstra Erik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To understand the biology of a species, it is often crucial to be able to differentiate males and females. However, many species lack easily identifiable sexually dimorphic traits. In those that possess sex chromosomes, molecular sexing offers a good alternative, and molecular sexing assays can be developed through the comparison of male and female genomic sequences. However, in many nonmodel species, sex chromosomes are poorly differentiated, and identifying sex-linked sequences and developing sexing assays can be challenging. In this study, we highlight a simple transcriptome-based procedure for the detection of sex-linked markers suitable for the development of sexing assays that circumvents limitations of more commonly used approaches. We apply it to the spotted snow skink Carinascincus ocellatus, a viviparous lizard with homomorphic XY chromosomes that has environmentally induced sex reversal. With transcriptomes from three males and three females alone, we identify thousands of putative Y-linked sequences. We confirm linkage through alignment of assembled transcripts to a distantly related lizard genome and readily design multiple single locus polymerase chain reaction primers to sex C. ocellatus and related species. Our approach also facilitates valuable comparisons of sex determining systems on a broad taxonomic scale.
Longitudinal Evolution and Plasma Biomarkers for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lin Junyu , Li Chunyu , Ou Ruwei , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Lingyu , Wei Qianqian , Liu Kuncheng , Jiang Qirui , Yang Tianmi , Xiao Yi , Pang Dejiang , Yu Yujiao , Song Wei , Zhao Bi , Chen Xueping , Yang Jing , Wu Ying , Shang Huifang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most frequent nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, the pathogenesis of EDS is unclear, and there is a lack of information on plasma biomarkers for EDS in PD. We aimed to investigate the plasma biomarkers of EDS in a large PD cohort.

Methods
A total of 159 PD patients were included in the prospective cohort study and followed up annually for 3 years. Plasma biomarkers including glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid-beta, p-tau181, and neurofilament light chain (NfL), were measured using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) technology at each visit. EDS was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Results
The frequency of EDS in PD increased from 15.1% at baseline to 25.0% after 3 years. The mean ESS scores increased from 5.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.8) at baseline to 6.1 (SD: 5.5) at the third year of follow-up. At baseline, compared with patients with PD without EDS, those with EDS were more likely to be male, had poorer cognitive performance, and more severe motor and nonmotor symptoms. The adjusted generalized estimating equations models showed that higher plasma NfL levels (OR: 1.047 [1.002–1.094], p = .042) were associated with EDS during follow-ups. The adjusted linear mixed-effects model showed that higher plasma NfL levels (β 0.097 [0.012–0.183], p = .026) were associated with ESS scores during follow-ups.

Conclusions
Higher plasma NfL levels were associated with EDS in PD, indicating an association between neuro-axonal degeneration and EDS in PD.
Adolescent Stress-Induced Ventral Hippocampus Redox Dysregulation Underlies Behavioral Deficits and Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance Related to Schizophrenia
Authors: Santos-Silva Thamyris , Lopes Caio Fábio Baeta , Hazar Ülgen Doğukan , Guimarães Danielle A , Guimarães Francisco S , Alberici Luciane Carla , Sandi Carmen , Gomes Felipe V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Redox dysregulation has been proposed as a convergent point of childhood trauma and the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ). A critical region particularly vulnerable to environmental insults during adolescence is the ventral hippocampus (vHip). However, the impact of severe stress on vHip redox states and their functional consequences, including behavioral and electrophysiological changes related to SCZ, are not entirely understood.

Study Design
After exposing adolescent animals to physical stress (postnatal day, PND31–40), we explored social and cognitive behaviors (PND47–49), the basal activity of pyramidal glutamate neurons, the number of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, and the transcriptomic signature of the vHip (PND51). We also evaluated the impact of stress on the redox system, including mitochondrial respiratory function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) levels in the vHip and serum.

Study Results
Adolescent-stressed animals exhibited loss of sociability, cognitive impairment, and vHip excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling unveiled the impact of stress on redox system- and synaptic-related genes. Stress impacted mitochondrial respiratory function and changes in ROS levels in the vHip. GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were elevated in the serum of stressed animals, while GSSG was also increased in the vHip and negatively correlated with sociability. Additionally, PV interneuron deficits in the vHip caused by adolescent stress were associated with oxidative stress.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the negative impact of adolescent stress on vHip redox regulation and mitochondrial function, which are partially associated with E/I imbalance and behavioral abnormalities related to SCZ.
Longer sleep duration and neuroinflammation in at-risk elderly with a parental history of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Baril Andrée-Ann , Picard Cynthia , Labonté Anne , Sanchez Erlan , Duclos Catherine , Mohammediyan Béry , Breitner John C S , Villeneuve Sylvia , Poirier Judes ,   PREVENT-AD Research Group, Villeneuve Sylvia , Chakravarty Mallar , Spreng Nathan , Bohbot Véronique , Collins Louis , Evans Alan , Hoge Rick , Near Jamie , Rajah Natasha , Soucy Jean-Paul , Baillet Sylvain , Poirier Judes , Auld Daniel , Multhaup Gerhard , Cuello Claudio , Morgan David G , Arbour Nathalie , Breitner John , Geddes Maiya , Ducharme Simon , Baril Andrée-Ann , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Das Samir , Madjar Cécile , Kat Justin , Tremblay-Mercier Jennifer , Dyke Stephanie , Iturria Medina Yasser , Leoutsakos Jeannie-Marie , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Mielke Michelle M , Ossenkoppele Rik , Amouyel Philippe , Labonté Anne , Picard Cynthia , Tardif Christine , Münter Lisa-Marie , Orban Pierre , Fonov Vladimir , Newbold Holly , Dadar Masha , Meyer Pierre-François , Tullo Stéphanie , Vachon-Presseau Étienne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Although short sleep could promote neurodegeneration, long sleep may be a marker of ongoing neurodegeneration, potentially as a result of neuroinflammation. The objective was to evaluate sleep patterns with age of expected Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset and neuroinflammation.

Methods
We tested 203 dementia-free participants (68.5 ± 5.4 years old, 78M). The PREVENT-AD cohort includes older persons with a parental history of AD whose age was nearing their expected AD onset. We estimated expected years to AD onset by subtracting the participants’ age from their parent’s at AD dementia onset. We extracted actigraphy sleep variables of interest (times of sleep onset and morning awakening, time in bed, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration) and general profiles (sleep fragmentation, phase delay, and hypersomnia). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with OLINK multiplex technology.

Results
Proximity to, or exceeding, expected age of onset was associated with a sleep profile suggestive of hypersomnia (longer sleep and later morning awakening time). This hypersomnia sleep profile was associated with higher CSF neuroinflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-1, and global score). Interaction analyses revealed that some of these sleep-neuroinflammation associations were present mostly in those closer/exceeding the age of expected AD onset, APOE4 carriers, and those with better memory performance.

Conclusions
Proximity to, or exceeding, parental AD dementia onset was associated with a longer sleep pattern, which was related to elevated proinflammatory CSF biomarkers. We speculate that longer sleep may serve a compensatory purpose potentially triggered by neuroinflammation as individuals are approaching AD onset. Further studies should investigate whether neuroinflammatory-triggered long sleep duration could mitigate cognitive deficits.
Insurance-based Disparities in Outcomes and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Utilization for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Mazzeffi Michael , Shippey Ernie , Wood Katherine L. , Yoko Furuya E. , Stone Patricia W. , Shang Jingjing , Wu Isaac Y. , Gosev Igor , Lustik Stewart J. , Lander Heather L. , Wyrobek Julie A. , Laserna Andres , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: March 2024

Background
The objective of this study was to examine insurance-based disparities in mortality, nonhome discharges, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods
Using a national database of U.S. academic medical centers and their affiliated hospitals, the risk-adjusted association between mortality, nonhome discharge, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization and (1) the type of insurance coverage (private insurance, Medicare, dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid, and no insurance) and (2) the weekly hospital COVID-19 burden (0 to 5.0%; 5.1 to 10%, 10.1 to 20%, 20.1 to 30%, and 30.1% and greater) was evaluated. Modeling was expanded to include an interaction between payer status and the weekly hospital COVID-19 burden to examine whether the lack of private insurance was associated with increases in disparities as the COVID-19 burden increased.

Results
Among 760,846 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 214,992 had private insurance, 318,624 had Medicare, 96,192 were dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid, 107,548 had Medicaid, and 23,560 had no insurance. Overall, 76,250 died, 211,702 had nonhome discharges, 75,703 were mechanically ventilated, and 2,642 underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The adjusted odds of death were higher in patients with Medicare (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.21 to 1.35]; P < 0.0005), dually enrolled (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.30 to 1.50]; P < 0.0005), Medicaid (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.20 to 1.36]; P < 0.0005), and no insurance (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.26 to 1.62]; P < 0.0005) compared to patients with private insurance. Patients with Medicare (adjusted odds ratio, 0.47; [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.58]; P < 0.0005), dually enrolled (adjusted odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43]; P < 0.0005), Medicaid (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62 to 0.79]; P < 0.0005), and no insurance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.56]; P < 0.001) were less likely to be placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation than patients with private insurance. Mortality, nonhome discharges, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization did not change significantly more in patients with private insurance compared to patients without private insurance as the COVID-19 burden increased.

Conclusions
Among patients with COVID-19, insurance-based disparities in mortality, nonhome discharges, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization were substantial, but these disparities did not increase as the hospital COVID-19 burden increased.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New