bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible leukoencephalopathy with acute neurological deterioration and permanent residua in classical homocystinuria: A case report
Authors: Vatanavicharn N. , Pressman B. D. , Wilcox W. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWe report a 24‐year‐old patient with underlying classical homocystinuria who developed acute neurological deterioration apparently induced by malnutrition secondary to poor compliance with treatment and pancreatitis. Neurological examination revealed stupor, tremor of the upper extremities, spasticity, and Babinski responses of the bilateral lower extremities. The biochemical profile, including marked hypermethioninaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and decreased cystine in plasma, is consistent with cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency. Brain MRI showed reversible diffuse white‐matter changes without evidence of thrombosis. The clinical features and neuroimaging including diffusion‐weighted MRI suggest a demyelinating process similar to other inborn errors of the transsulfuration pathway such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, disorders affecting methylcobalamin metabolism (cobalamin C, D, E, and G disorders), and methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency. She was left with residual spastic paraparesis despite normal follow‐up MRI. Our observation suggests that reversible demyelination is another neurological manifestation of classical homocystinuria; however, the pathophysiology is unknown.
The Determination of n‐3 Fatty Acid Levels in Food Products Containing Microencapsulated Fish Oil Using the One‐Step Extraction Method. Part 1: Measurement in the Raw Ingredient and in Dry Powdered Foods
Authors: Curtis Jonathan M. , Berrigan Natalie , Dauphinee Prudence 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn optimized one‐step extraction and methylation method (OSE) for the determination of n‐3 fatty acid levels in microencapsulated fish oil products has been described. Validation of the method for the food ingredient powder MEG‐3®(a commercial microencapsulated fish oil product manufactured by Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd, with a gelatin shell matrix) has been demonstrated and compared to a method that combines enzymatic digestion of the shell material, gravimetric determination of released oil payload and an official method of fish oil analysis. Excellent agreement between the two methods was also achieved using a microencapsulated standard of pure ethyl palmitate. The OSE method was applied to an infant formula containing microencapsulated fish oil powder and is shown to be a valid method for such dry powdered foods.
A high-fructose diet impairs basal and stress-mediated lipid metabolism in healthy male subjects
Authors: Abdel-Sayed Andrew , Binnert Christophe , Lê Kim-Anne , Bortolotti Murielle , Schneiter Philippe , Tappy Luc 
Published: January 2008

The effects of a 7 d high-fructose diet (HFrD) or control diet on lipid metabolism were studied in a group of six healthy lean males. Plasma NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, net lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) and exogenous lipid oxidation (13CO2production) were monitored in basal conditions, after lipid loading (olive oil labelled with [13C]triolein) and during a standardised mental stress. Lactate clearance and the metabolic effects of an exogenous lactate infusion were also monitored. The HFrD lowered plasma concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate as well as lipid oxidation in both basal and after lipid-loading conditions. In addition, the HFrD blunted the increase in plasma NEFA and exogenous lipid oxidation during mental stress. The HFrD also increased basal lactate concentrations by 31·8 %, and lactate production by 53·8 %, while lactate clearance remained unchanged. Lactate infusion lowered plasma NEFA with the control diet, and net lipid oxidation with both the HFrD and control diet. These results indicate that a 7 d HFrD markedly inhibits lipolysis and lipid oxidation. The HFrD also increases lactate production, and the ensuing increased lactate utilisation may contribute to suppress lipid oxidation.
Seed-set evaluation of four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines using alfalfa leafcutting bees and honey bees as pollinators
Authors: ORTIZ-PEREZ E. , MIAN R. M. A. , COOPER R. L. , MENDIOLA T. , TEW J. , HORNER H. T. , HANLIN S. J. , PALMER R. G. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYMale-sterile, female-fertile plants were used to produce hybrid soybean seed. Manual cross-pollination using male-sterile plants to produce large quantities of hybrid seed is difficult and time-consuming because of the low success rate in cross-pollination. Insect pollinators may be suitable vectors to transfer pollen, but the most suitable vector for pollen transfer from the male parent to the female parent has not been identified for soybean. The objective of the present study was to evaluate seed-set on four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines by using alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata (F.)) and honey bees (Apis mellifera (L.)) as pollinators. Seed-set was evaluated in summers 2003 and 2005 near Ames, Iowa, USA and in summers 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Wooster, Ohio, USA. Neither the effect of pollinator species nor the interaction effect of pollinator species×location was significant for any year. Honey bees performed similarly to alfalfa leafcutting bees at both locations. The results indicated significant differences for seed-set among male-sterile lines, suggesting preferential pollination. Male-sterile lines, ms1 (Urbana) and ms2 (Ames 2), had higher cross-pollinated seed-set compared to ms6 (Ames 1), and ms6 (Corsoy 79). At the Ames location, ms1ms1 (Urbana) plants had the highest seed-set (50·16 seeds per male-sterile plant in 2005). At the Wooster location, ms1ms1 (Urbana) plants also had the highest seed-set (92·04 seeds per male-sterile plant) in 2005. Costs and local conditions need to be addressed to support the choice of either pollinator species as a pollination vector to produce hybrid soybean seed.
Sex-dependent toxoplasmosis-associated differences in testosterone concentration in humans
Authors: FLEGR J. , LINDOVÁ J. , KODYM P. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYSeveral lines of indirect evidence suggest that subjects with latent infection of the coccidian parasiteToxoplasma gondiihave a higher concentration of testosterone than uninfected controls. Here, we searched for direct evidence of latent toxoplasmosis-associated differences in testosterone concentration among a population of 174 female and 91 male students screened forToxoplasmainfection. We have foundToxoplasma-infected men to have a higher concentration of testosterone andToxoplasma-infected women to have a lower concentration of testosterone thanToxoplasma-free controls. The opposite direction of the testosterone shift in men compared to women can explain the observed gender specificity of behavioural shifts inToxoplasma-infected subjects.
Factors influencing relapse during a 2-year follow-up of first-episode psychosis in a specialized early intervention service
Authors: Malla A. , Norman R. , Bechard-Evans L. , Schmitz N. , Manchanda R. , Cassidy C. 
Published: January 2008

BackgroundDifferential association of risk factors associated with relapse following treatment of first-episode psychosis (FEP) have not been studied adequately, especially for patients treated in specialized early intervention (SEI) services, where some of the usual risk factors may be ameliorated.MethodConsecutive FEP patients treated in an SEI service over a 4-year period were evaluated for relapse during a 2-year follow-up. Relapse was based on ratings on the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and weekly ratings based on the Life Chart Schedule (LCS). Predictor variables included gender, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), total duration of untreated illness (DUI), age of onset, pre-morbid adjustment, co-morbid diagnosis of substance abuse during follow-up and adherence to medication. Univariate analyses were followed by logistic regression for rate of relapse and survival analysis with the Cox proportional-hazards regression model for time to relapse as the dependent variables.ResultsOf the 189 eligible patients, 145 achieved remission of positive symptoms. A high rate of medication adherence (85%) and relatively low relapse rates (29.7%) were observed over the 2-year follow-up. A higher relapse rate was associated with a co-morbid diagnosis of substance abuse assessed during the follow-up period [odds ratio (OR) 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–6.51]. The length of time to relapse was not associated with any single predictor.ConclusionsSpecialized treatment of substance abuse may be necessary to further reduce risk of relapse even after improving adherence to medication.
Sources, diversity and circulation of biogenic compounds in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Nędzarek Arkadiusz 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper presents horizontal and seasonal differences in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface waters of Admiralty Bay. The average annual concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be 1.054 and 0.129 mg dm-3 respectively. Organic nitrogen constituted 59% of total nitrogen on average, while N-NO3- was substantially higher than N-NH4+ (0.362 and 0.062 mgN dm-3, respectively). Organic phosphorus constituted 34% of total phosphorus on average, and the mean annual concentration of reactive phosphorus was 0.085 mgP dm-3. The observed concentrations of N and P were higher in the nearshore area and lower in the central part of the Admiralty Bay basin. In explaining this account was taken of surface runoff into the bay, the decay of marine macroalgae in the tidal area and the excretion of N and P by marine animals. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in freshwater streams varied from 0.528–5.698 mgN dm-3 and from 0.088–1.709 mgP dm-3. In laboratory experiments, 24-hour loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus released from the remains of macroalgae into the waters of the bay were estimated at about 6.2 tN and 10.3 tP, while the approximate quantities excreted by macrozoobenthos were 482 kgN and 48 kgP. The availability of N-NH4+ was seen to be greater in the waters of the bay than has been reported for open water in this part of the ocean and water from the Bransfield Strait had a diluting effect on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bay. The role of the wind in carrying mineral salts from waters of the Bay to the inland environment was also discussed.
Fit for public consumption? An exploratory study of the reporting of nutrition research in UK tabloids with regard to its accuracy, and a preliminary investigation of public attitudes towards it
Authors: Basu Andrea J , Hogard Elaine 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the quality (accuracy, balance, practical context) of tabloid articles reporting on nutrition research, and public attitudes towards it.DesignA qualitative multi-method study consisting of a systematic analysis of tabloid articles and a series of focus groups with members of the public.SettingTabloid newspapers (nationwide). Focus groups were conducted at a UK university.SubjectsAll UK tabloid newspapers were collated for a full calendar month. Members of the local Women’s Institute and non-teaching staff within the University College Chester were recruited as focus group participants.ResultsTwenty-nine tabloid articles were included. A standardised TAT (Tabloid Analysis Tool) was used a total of thirty-nine times (once for each research study cited). Twenty-six failed to accurately report research results, thirty-six failed to mention significant research limitations, and only five quoted a third-party expert source. Two focus groups, each with eight participants, were conducted. Attitudes expressed were largely negative, highlighting elements of confusion and scepticism. Articles were more likely to be disregarded than acted upon, although some value was attached to newspapers providing nutrition information.ConclusionsTabloid reporting on nutrition research is not sufficiently accurate, balanced or contextualised, and public attitudes towards the reporting are not wholly favourable. Guidance for journalists via registered dietitians and a strengthening of present links could serve to utilise this form of mass media more effectively.
Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)
Authors: Psaltopoulou T , Kyrozis A , Stathopoulos P , Trichopoulos D , Vassilopoulos D , Trichopoulou A 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo identify dietary and lifestyle variables that may affect cognitive function in the elderly.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingGeneral community residing in Athens and the surrounding Attica region of Greece.SubjectsA total of 732 men and women, 60 years or older, participating in the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) and residing in the Attica region had sociodemographic, anthropometric, medical, dietary and lifestyle variables ascertained at enrolment (1993–1999). Six to 13 years later, cognitive function was evaluated through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and affective state through the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).ResultsMMSE score was positively associated with years of formal education, height and physical activity and inversely with age, diabetes mellitus and GDS score (P < 0·05 for all). Among dietary variables, intake of PUFA was inversely associated with cognitive function and this association was largely accounted for by a similar association with seed oils. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as well as intake of olive oil, MUFA and SFA exhibited weakly positive but not significant associations.ConclusionPhysical activity and early life factors as reflected in height are significant predictors of cognitive function in the elderly. Seed oil consumption may adversely affect cognition, whereas other nutritional factors do not appear to have a quantitatively large effect.
α1β2δ, a silent GABAAreceptor: recruitment by tracazolate and neurosteroids
Authors: Zheleznova N , Sedelnikova A , Weiss D S 
Published: January 2008

Background and purpose:This study investigated the α1β2δ isoform of the GABAAreceptor that is presumably expressed in the forebrain. The functional and pharmacological properties of this receptor combination are largely unknown.Experimental approach:We expressed α1β2δ GABAAreceptors inXenopus laevisoocytes. GABA‐activated currents, in the presence and absence of modulators, were recorded using the two‐electrode voltage clamp technique.Key results:The α1β2δ isoform of the GABAAreceptor exhibited an extremely small GABA‐mediated current. Tracazolate increased the current amplitude evoked by a half‐maximal concentration (EC50) of GABA by 59‐fold. The maximum current was increased 23‐fold in the presence of a saturating GABA concentration. Concomitant with the increase in the maximum, was a 4‐fold decrease in the EC50. Finally, a mutation in the second transmembrane domain of the δ subunit that increases receptor efficacy (L286S), eliminated the increase in the maximum GABA‐activated current. The endogenous neurosteroid, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), also decreased the EC50and increased the maximum current amplitude, although to a lesser degree than that of tracazolate.Conclusions and implications:Taken all together, these findings indicate that the small GABA‐mediated currents in the absence of the modulator are due to a low efficacy for activation. In the absence of modulators, α1β2δ GABA receptors would be effectively silent and therefore contribute little to inhibition in the CNS. In the presence of tracazolate or endogenous neurosteroids however, this particular receptor isoform could exert a profound inhibitory influence on neuronal activity.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)153, 1062–1071; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707665; published online 21 January 2008
Pharmacokinetic interaction between DA‐8159, a new erectogenic, and metformin in rats: competitive inhibition of metabolism via hepatic CYP3A1/2
Authors: Choi Y H , Chung S J , Lee M G 
Published: January 2008

Background and purpose:Erectile dysfunction is highly prevalent in diabetic patients and PDE V inhibitors are effective and safe for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether a pharmacokinetic interaction occurs between DA‐8159 and metformin, as both drugs are metabolized via hepatic CYP3A1/2 in rats.Experimental approach:DA‐8159 (30 mg kg–1) and metformin (100 mg kg–1), both separately and together, were administered to rats either intravenously or orally. The V
max, K
m, CLint, apparent inhibition constants (K
i), [I]/K
i and concentrations of each drug in the liver and intestine were then measured.Key results:After i.v. administration of both drugs simultaneously, the AUC of DA‐8159 and metformin was significantly greater (21.2 and 33.9% increase for DA‐8159 and metformin, respectively) than that of each drug alone. After p.o. administration of the drugs, the AUC of metformin was also significantly greater (20.7% increase) in the presence of DA‐8159 than in its absence. However, the AUC of DA‐8159 was similar in the absence and presence of metformin.Conclusions and implications:The significantly greater AUC of metformin and DA‐8159 after i.v. administration of both drugs and of metformin after p.o. administration of both drugs is probably due to competitive inhibition for the metabolism of these drugs via hepatic CYP3A1/2. However, the similar AUCs of DA‐8159 in the absence and presence of metformin, after p.o. administration, indicates that the dose of metformin used was insufficient to inhibit the hepatic and intestinal metabolism of DA‐8159.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 1568–1578; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707680; published online 21 January 2008
The role of GABAAreceptors in the control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in the dog
Authors: Beaumont H , Jönsson‐Rylander A‐C , Carlsson K , Pierrou S , Ahlefelt M , Brändén L , Jensen J , Boeckxstaens G E , Lehmann A 
Published: January 2008

Background and purpose:Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) are triggered by activation of mechanosensitive gastric vagal afferents and are the major cause of gastroesophageal reflux and therefore an important target for therapeutic intervention in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Activation of the metabotropic GABABreceptor has shown to inhibit TLESRs. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of the ionotropic GABAAreceptor in the regulation of TLESRs.Experimental approach:TLESRs were quantified using Dentsleeve manometry in dogs, and GABAAagonists were given i.v. prior to gastric distension. Immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR were used to localize GABAAreceptors in the dog nodose ganglion, the source of vagal afferents which initiate TLESRs.Key results:The prototypical GABAAagonist muscimol produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of TLESRs ranging from 19 to 56%. The two other GABAAagonists evaluated, isoguvacine and 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo‐[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol (THIP), as well as the GABAApositive allosteric modulator diazepam, had no major effects on TLESRs. Evaluation of higher doses was limited by emesis (THIP and isoguvacine) or restlessness/sedation (diazepam). Of the predominant GABAAreceptor subunits (α, β and γ components), α and β but not γ were detected in the dog nodose ganglion by RT‐PCR, while immunohistochemistry in addition demonstrated nerve fibres expressing the γ subunit.Conclusions and implications:The present observations demonstrate that GABAAreceptors exert an inhibitory control of TLESRs. These results warrant further studies using GABAAisoform‐selective agonists to define the identity of receptors involved.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)153, 1195–1202; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707681; published online 21 January 2008
Modulation of TRPC5 cation channels by halothane, chloroform and propofol
Authors: Bahnasi Y M , Wright H M , Milligan C J , Dedman A M , Zeng F , Hopkins P M , Bateson A N , Beech D J 
Published: January 2008

Background and purpose:TRPC5 is a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel and has expression and functions in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It forms a calcium‐permeable cation channel that can be activated by a variety of signals including carbachol (acting at muscarinic receptors), lanthanides (e.g. Gd3+) and phospholipids (e.g. lysophosphatidylcholine: LPC). Here we report the effects of inhalational (halothane and chloroform) and intravenous (propofol) general anaesthetics upon TRPC5.Experimental approach:Human TRPC5 channels were expressed in HEK 293 cells and studied using fura‐2 and patch‐clamp recording to measure intracellular calcium and membrane currents respectively at room temperature. Human TRPM2 channels were studied for comparison.Key results:TRPC5 activation by carbachol, Gd3+ or LPC was inhibited by halothane and chloroform at 0.1 and 0.2 mM respectively. Neither agent inhibited TRPM2. Propofol had an initial stimulatory effect on TRPC5 (evident in patch‐clamp recordings only) and an inhibitory effect at 10 μM. TRPM2 was not affected by propofol. Propofol inhibited activation of TRPC5 by Gd3+ but not LPC, suggesting the effect was not directly on the channel. Propofol's anti‐oxidant property was not necessary for its inhibitory effect because di‐isopropyl benzene, a propofol analogue that lacks the hydroxyl group, also inhibited TRPC5.Conclusions and implications:The data show the sensitivity of TRPC5 channel to general anaesthetics and suggest that some of the effects could have clinical relevance. The effects may be explained in part by the sensitivity of the channel to biophysical properties of the lipid bilayer.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 1505–1512; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707689; published online 21 January 2008