bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wirtschaftliche Bemessung von Druckstäben aus gewalzten I‐Profilen mit dem Kappa‐Verfahren
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Wolf Christian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIm Vordergrund des Aufsatzes steht die Beurteilung der κ‐Werte für Druckstäbe aus gewalzten I‐Profilen. Anhand rechnerisch ermittelter κ‐Werte werden die Genauigkeit überprüft und vorhandene Reserven aufgezeigt. Zur Ausnutzung dieser Reserven wird neben der Angabe der genauen κ‐Werte eine neue Knickspannungslinie “ab” vorgeschlagen. Sie ermöglicht für typische Stützenprofile mit h/b ≤ 1,2, also für baupraktisch besonders interessante Anwendungsfälle, eine wirtschaftlichere Bemessung als bisher.
Berechnung von Flüssigkeitsbehältern unter Erdbebeneinwirkung
Authors: Habenberger Jörg 
Published: January 2008

AbstractZur Berechnung der Interaktionsschwingung von Flüssigkeit und zylindrischer Behälterwand wird im Anhang A des Eurocode 8, Teil 4 ein Iterationsverfahren vorgeschlagen, das den Flüssigkeitsdruck als erhöhte effektive Dichte der “trockenen” Behälterwand berücksichtigt. Um dabei auftretende Singularitäten am Behälterfuß zu vermeiden, sind zusätzliche Maßnahmen erforderlich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein alternativer Ansatz vorgeschlagen, der diese Singularitäten umgeht und einfacher in der Anwendung ist. Die Methode wird auf eine Serie von Behältern angewendet und mit Ergebnissen anderer Untersuchungen verglichen.
Some thermal properties of methyl malvalate, methyl sterculate, and their dihydro derivatives
Authors: White J. L. , Zarins A. , Feuge R. O. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummaryMethyl esters of cyclopropene acids, malvalic and sterculic, and their dihydro derivatives, were highly purified and examined for melting points, poly‐morphic behavior, heats of fusion, and dilatometric behavior. Results revealed that the quickly chilled forms of the unsaturated methyl esters underwent a rapid monotropic transformation. The dihydro derivatives exhibited no detectable polymorphism. The melting dilation for methyl malvalate was signifi‐cantly below the previously reported dilations of other fatty acid methyl esters.
Surface active properties of combinations of soap and lime soap dispersing agents
Authors: Weil J. K. , Linfield W. M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummarySurface tension versus log concentration curves were obtained for combinations of a variety of lime soap dispersing agents (LSDA) with sodium oleate. Salient features of the curves for these mixtures were: (a) criticial micelle concentration (CMC) close to that for LSDA alone; (b) absence of a surface tension minimum or substantial reduction in the minimum, which was often found with LSDA alone; (c) surface tension values above the CMC very close to those found for soap alone above its CMC; and (d) slope below the CMC greater than that for soap alone, more like that for soap with alkali added or lime soap dispersing agent alone. Higher CMC values were confirmed by dye solubilization measurements. The surface tension curves provided further evidence for the mixed micellar nature of soap‐LSDA mixtures and suggested that the addition of LSDA to soap increased the surface concentration of surfactant.
Ion exchange resins and ethyleneimine polymer as antioxidants II: Autoxidation products
Authors: Ikeda Nobuo , Fukuzumi Kazuo 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummaryThe antioxidant effects of ion exchange resins and ethyleneimine polymer on the autoxidation products of methyl linoleate in a heterogeneous reaction system are discussed. Results from analyses of the various autoxidation products from linoleate samples with and without the antioxidants showed that the addi‐tion of the antioxidants did not change the original autoxidation mechanism of methyl linoleate. How‐ever, the antioxidants did retard the autoxidation in response to their antioxidant activity and, compared with a linoleate control, changed the yields of some autoxidized products such as an increased amount of conjugated diene hydroperoxides in linoleate samples with added ion exchange resins.
Analytical13C NMR: A rapid, nondestructive method for determining the cis,trans composition of catalytically treated unsaturated lipid mixtures
Authors: Pfeffer Philip E. , Luddy Francis E. , Unruh Joseph , Shoolery James N. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummaryHigh resolution natural abundance 13C Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been found to be an effective tool for the rapid and direct determination of the cis/trans composition in partially hydrogenated and isomerized unsaturated lipids. With the eis and trans allylic carbon resonances as representative probes for double bond stereo‐chemistry. Evaluation of the cis/trans composition of complex, positionally isomerized mixtures can be made without the necessity of carrying out detailed analyses of multishift olefinic carbon resonances. Migration of double bonds in monoenes and polyenes and formation of conjugated unsaturation in cata‐lytically treated fats are discussed and assessed as possible sources of error in the evaluation of cis/trans isomer ratios. Carbon spin lattice relaxation times T1 were measured for both cis and trans allylic reson‐ances in isomeric mixtures of varying composition to assure quantitative intensity relationships. 13C NMR compositional analysis of complex mixtures is demonstrated.
Long‐term Outcome of Reoperations for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Fialkowski Elizabeth , DeBenedetti Mary , Moley Jeffrey 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundMost patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have persistent disease after primary surgery, as evidenced by calcitonin elevation. Previous reports showed that reoperation on selected patients yields immediate calcitonin normalization in one‐third of patients. Long‐term follow‐up data are needed to assess the outcome in such patients. This report aims to provide 8– to 10–year follow‐up on reoperations for persistent or recurrent MTC.MethodsAn Internal Review Board (IRB) approved database on patients treated for MTC has been prospectively maintained. This database was reviewed to report follow‐up data on calcitonin levels and survival.ResultsBetween 1992 and 2006, 148 patients underwent reoperations for recurrent or persistent MTC (55 patients had 59 reoperations for palliation, and 93 patients had 105 reoperations for cure). Of the 93 patients operated on for cure (44 with hereditary MTC, 49 with the sporadic form), 8–10‐year follow‐up data were available on 56. Four patients died of disease (4.3% of 93). Two died of unrelated causes, and were excluded from calcitonin outcome analysis. Fourteen patients of 54 (26.0%) have unstimulated calcitonin levels of < 10 pg/ml at 8–10 years. Eleven additional patients (20.4%) have levels < 100 pg/ml. None of these 25 patients (46.4%) have radiologic recurrence.ConclusionsPrevious reports demonstrated the low morbidity of reoperation for MTC in experienced hands, and success was determined by lowering of calcitonin levels. Follow‐up data demonstrate that at least one third of such patients have long‐term eradication of their disease following reoperation, as evidenced by biochemical and imaging studies.
Risk‐stratified Management of Well‐differentiated Thyroid Cancers: A Review of Experience from a Single Institution, 1990–2003
Authors: Chew M. H. , Chan G. , Siddiqui M. M. A. , Tai B. C. , Sivanandan R. , Soo K. C. , Lim D. T. H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIntroductionControversy persists regarding ideal management strategies in well‐differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTC). This retrospective study reviews the utilization of a modified AMES risk stratification in the management of our institution’s patients.MethodsA total of 352 patients (median follow‐up of 5.5 years) were reviewed and were risk stratified. Surgical resection was performed, and patients with clinically palpable lymph nodes were subjected to radical neck dissection. Patients were referred for adjuvant therapy if necessary.ResultsOf the 352 patients, 264 (75%) were females and 276 (78%) had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). For those with lymph nodes (50%), 95% had PTC. In this series, 72% of the patients underwent total thyroidectomy; 5‐year disease‐free survival probability was 100% in low‐risk patients, 92% in intermediate‐risk patients, and 64% in high‐risk patients. The 5‐year overall survival probability was 100% in low‐risk patients, 96% in intermediate‐risk patients, and 69% in high‐risk patients, respectively (both logrank trend p < 0.001).ConclusionsManagement of WDTC requires multimodal treatment and should be based on patient risk classifications. We recommend aggressive surgical resection for all gross disease in high‐risk and intermediate‐risk patients. Adjuvant therapy is recommended in high‐risk patients, but should be individualized for intermediate‐risk patients. Total thyroidectomy may not be necessary in low‐risk patients.
Complications After Esophagectomy for Cancer: 53‐Year Experience with 20,796 Patients
Authors: Liu J. F. , Wang Q. Z. , Ping Y. M. , Zhang Y. D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe incidence of esophageal cancer in Hebei Province in China is the highest in the world. Our experience in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University with the management of postoperative complications following esophagectomy was determined. From September 1952 to December 2005, a total of 20,796 patients underwent an intended esophagectomy for cancer in our department. Data for the outcome of these procedures was sourced from reported articles in the Chinese‐language literature. The data were collated to determine the incidence and outcomes of postoperative complications. The incidence of major complications declined over the period of study. The likelihood of anastomotic leakage decreased from 5.0% to 2.3%, and pulmonary complications declined from 3.2% to 1.6%. The surgical mortality rate decreased from 17.1% to 0.6%. The incidence of postoperative complications and deaths following esophagectomy for cancer in our unit has fallen steadily over the past five decades. Improvements in preoperative preparation and postoperative management have contributed to this decrease.
Recent Advances in Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
Authors: el‐Zein Chawki , Ilbawi Michel N. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral major advances in the field of neonatal cardiac surgery have improved the outcome of these severely ill patients. Among the preoperative advances are improvement in the management of patients with single ventricle equivalents, prenatal diagnosis, and interventional procedures. Intraoperative advances include better understanding of the inflammatory process caused by cardiopulmonary bypass and ways to manage it, newer techniques for treating hypoplastic left heart syndrome and aortic valve disease, and primary repair of complex lesions. Postoperative refinements in managing pulmonary hypertension, low cardiac output state, and ventricular assist devices have decreased surgical mortality and morbidity. Although his primary interest has been adult cardiac surgery, Dr. Geha has contributed directly and indirectly to these advances.
Determination of Tertiary‐butylhydroquinone and Its Metabolites in Rat Serum by Liquid Chromatography–Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Wen , Gu Yinchun , Niu Hai 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new method applying sensitive and selective liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for analyzing tertiary‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and its metabolites in rat serum was validated. Using an extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) of m/z 149, free TBHQ was observed in rat serum after dosing TBHQ at 350 mg/kg to male and female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Four major metabolites of TBHQ were identified—a TBHQ‐sulfate, two TBHQ‐sulfate‐derived substances and a TBHQ‐glucuronide through MSn spectra. Besides its simplicity, the sample treatment allows one to obtain a very good recovery of analysts, namely around 95%. This result suggests that the method described here is useful for the analysis of TBHQ and its metabolites in rat serum. Moreover, the metabolism of TBHQ was investigated using the method. After oral administration, TBHQ appear to be more completely absorbed and bio‐transformed by males than females, which may result in higher acute oral toxicity of TBHQ for males than females.
Oral Nanoparticulate Atorvastatin Calcium is More Efficient and Safe in Comparison to Lipicure® in Treating Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Meena A. K. , Ratnam D. Venkat , Chandraiah G. , Ankola D. D. , Rao P. Rama , Kumar M. N. V. Ravi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAtorvastatin calcium (AC) is a second‐generation 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitor approved for clinical use as a lipid lowering agent. AC, the world's best selling drug is associated with poor oral bioavailability and serious adverse effects like rhabdomyolysis on chronic administration. A biodegradable nanoparticulate approach was introduced here with a view to improving the efficacy and safety of AC. Poly lactide‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing atorvastatin calcium were prepared using two stabilizers i.e. didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DMAB) and Vitamin E tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (Vit E‐TPGS) using a co‐solvent approach by emulsion–diffusion–evaporation method. AC loaded PLGA nanoparticles prepared using DMAB and Vit E‐TPGS were found to be 120.0 ± 4.2 nm and 140.0 ± 1.5 nm (z‐average) in size respectively. In vitro release studies at pH 7.4 revealed a zero order release profile for nanoparticles. Efficacy and safety parameters of the prepared nanoparticles against marketed formulation were evaluated in high fat diet fed (hyperlipidemic) rats. It was found that atorvastatin calcium nanoparticles were equally effective in comparison to Lipicure®, at a 66%‐reduced dose in treating the hyperlipidemia characterized by alterations in PTC, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, HDL‐C, PTG and PGL in the high fat diet fed rats. On the other hand, when evaluated for safety, nanoparticulate formulation showed no/negligible myotoxicity characterized by lower PC, BUN, CK, LDH and AST levels in comparison to the marketed formulation.
Chemical Properties of Epidermal Lipids, Especially Sphingolipids, of the Antarctic Minke Whale
Authors: Yunoki Keita , Ishikawa Hajime , Fukui Yutaka , Ohnishi Masao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt is well known that sphingolipids specifically exist in the terrestrial mammal epidermis and correlate with skin barrier functions. However, the lipid properties of the marine mammal epidermis have not been examined in detail. We thus investigated the chemical composition of lipid components, especially sphingolipids, in the black epidermis (outer skin) of Antarctic minke whales (six mature and six immature specimens). Complex lipid fractions mainly contained cerebroside (CE), cholesteryl sulfate and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as two glycerophospholipids. Moreover, in the superficial layer of the black epidermis, CE was richly abundant but phospholipids were scarce. As component fatty acids, the non‐hydroxy monounsaturated very long chain fatty acids (VLFA) within 34 carbons were generally present in CE and SM in the black epidermis. CE also consisted of α‐hydroxy fatty acids with monounsaturation within C34 (17%) and a slight proportion of ω‐hydroxy ones (32:1 and 34:1), the latter being probably derived from acyl‐CE. Component sphingoid bases of both sphingolipids were predominantly 4‐sphingenine (64%), followed by a C16 analogue (21%). When comparing these by different maturities, mature whales showed sphingolipid profiles with higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids and with shorter sphingoid base chains than those of immature ones. Component analysis revealed that CE sugars were 67% glucose and 33% galactose, and α‐hydroxy fatty acids only bound to galactose.
THE CLOSED RANGE PROPERTY FOR BANACH SPACE OPERATORS
Authors: MILLER THOMAS L. , MÜLLER VLADIMIR 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLetTbe a bounded operator on a complex Banach spaceX. LetVbe an open subset of the complex plane. We give a condition sufficient for the mappingf(z)↦ (T−z)f(z) to have closed range in the Fréchet spaceH(V,X) of analyticX-valued functions onV. Moreover, we show that there is a largest open setUfor which the mapf(z)↦ (T−z)f(z) has closed range inH(V,X) for allV⊆U. Finally, we establish analogous results in the setting of the weak–* topology onH(V, X*).
QUANTUM ANALOGUES OF SCHUBERT VARIETIES IN THE GRASSMANNIAN
Authors: LENAGAN T.H. , RIGAL L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe study quantum Schubert varieties from the point of view of regularity conditions. More precisely, we show that these rings are domains that are maximal orders and are AS-Cohen-Macaulay and we determine which of them are AS-Gorenstein. One key fact that enables us to prove these results is that quantum Schubert varieties are quantum graded algebras with a straightening law that have a unique minimal element in the defining poset. We prove a general result showing when such quantum graded algebras are maximal orders. Finally, we exploit these results to show that quantum determinantal rings are maximal orders.
PROJECTIVE LINEAR GROUPS AS MAXIMAL SYMMETRY GROUPS
Authors: TORSTENSSON ANNA 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA maximal symmetry group is a group of isomorphisms of a three-dimensional hyperbolic manifold of maximal order in relation to the volume of the manifold. In this paper we determine all maximal symmetry groups of the typesPSL(2,q) andPGL(2,q). Depending on the primepthere are one or two such groups withq=pkandkalways equals 1, 2 or 4.
INFINITE HILBERT CLASS FIELD TOWERS OVER CYCLOTOMIC FIELDS
Authors: SHPARLINSKI IGOR E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe use a result of Y. Furuta to show that for almost all positive integers m, the cyclotomic field $\Q(\exp(2 \pi i/m))$ has an infinite Hilbert p-class field tower with high rank Galois groups at each step, simultaneously for all primes p of size up to about (log logm)1 + o(1). We also use a recent result of B. Schmidt to show that for infinitely many m there is an infinite Hilbert p-class field tower over $\Q(\exp(2 \pi i/m))$ for some p≥m0.3385 + o(1). These results have immediate applications to the divisibility properties of the class number of $\Q(\exp(2 \pi i/m))$.
SOME REMARKS ON TRANSVERSALLY HARMONIC MAPS
Authors: KONDERAK JERZY J. , WOLAK ROBERT 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe consider transversally harmonic foliated maps between two Riemannian manifolds equipped with Riemannian foliations. We give various characterisations of such maps and we study the relation between the properties ‘harmonic’ and ‘transversally harmonic’ for a given map. We also consider these problems for particular classes of manifolds: manifolds with transversally almost Hermitian foliations and Riemannian flows.
Foreign Physics Graduate Students in the United States
Authors: McDermott Mark N. , Thomas Edward W. 
Published: January 2008

The proportion of foreign citizens among first-year physics graduate students in the US has now reached 42%. up from 17% in 1971. This dramatic increase has drawn attention to a wide range of issues, including the following:
▸ The very small number of US-born students who seek higher degrees in physics. Fewer than 800 US citizens a year, from a population of over 230 million, complete PhDs in physics.
▸ The balance between theorists and experimenters in physics. Half of the growing number of new foreign-student PhDs are theorists, yet for every physicist hired to do theoretical work, three are hired to do experimental work. What will happen when large numbers of theorists graduate in the next five years?
Beyond the Ivory Tower
Authors: Schechter Bruce M. 
Published: January 2008

The industrial research laboratory was arguably Thomas Alva Edison's greatest invention. With more ideas than time to pursue them, Edison built a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, and staffed it with the brightest young men he could find. They were, for the most part, self-taught like himself: He had little patience with universities, having once defined an academic scientist as “a man who would boil his watch while holding onto an egg.” But if he was nothing else, Edison was an experimenter. From time to time he hired an academic scientist. The results were mixed. He said of one:
He knows a lot but he doesn't stick to the job. I set him at work developing details of a plan. But when he happens to note some phenomenon new to him, though easily seen to be of no importance in this apparatus, he gets sidetracked, follows it up and loses time. We can't be spending time that way! We have got to keep working up things of commercial value—that is what this laboratory is for. We can't be like the old German professor who as long as he can get his black bread and beer is content to spend his whole life studying the fuzz on a bee!
Hybrid huberized support vector machines for microarray classification and gene selection
Authors: Wang Li , Zhu Ji , Zou Hui 
Published: January 2008

Motivation: The standard L2-norm support vector machine (SVM) is a widely used tool for microarray classification. Previous studies have demonstrated its superior performance in terms of classification accuracy. However, a major limitation of the SVM is that it cannot automatically select relevant genes for the classification. The L1-norm SVM is a variant of the standard L2-norm SVM, that constrains the L1-norm of the fitted coefficients. Due to the singularity of the L1-norm, the L1-norm SVM has the property of automatically selecting relevant genes. On the other hand, the L1-norm SVM has two drawbacks: (1) the number of selected genes is upper bounded by the size of the training data; (2) when there are several highly correlated genes, the L1-norm SVM tends to pick only a few of them, and remove the rest.Results: We propose a hybrid huberized support vector machine (HHSVM). The HHSVM combines the huberized hinge loss function and the elastic-net penalty. By doing so, the HHSVM performs automatic gene selection in a way similar to the L1-norm SVM. In addition, the HHSVM encourages highly correlated genes to be selected (or removed) together. We also develop an efficient algorithm to compute the entire solution path of the HHSVM. Numerical results indicate that the HHSVM tends to provide better variable selection results than the L1-norm SVM, especially when variables are highly correlated.Availability: R code are available at http://www.stat.lsa.umich.edu/~jizhu/code/hhsvm/Contact: jizhu@umich.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structural systems identification of genetic regulatory networks
Authors: Xiong Hao , Choe Yoonsuck 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Reverse engineering of genetic regulatory networks from experimental data is the first step toward the modeling of genetic networks. Linear state-space models, also known as linear dynamical models, have been applied to model genetic networks from gene expression time series data, but existing works have not taken into account available structural information. Without structural constraints, estimated models may contradict biological knowledge and estimation methods may over-fit.
Results: In this report, we extended expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms to incorporate prior network structure and to estimate genetic regulatory networks that can track and predict gene expression profiles. We applied our method to synthetic data and to SOS data and showed that our method significantly outperforms the regular EM without structural constraints.
Availability: The Matlab code is available upon request and the SOS data can be downloaded from http://www.weizmann.ac.il/mcb/UriAlon/Papers/SOSData/, courtesy of Uri Alon. Zak's data is available from his website, http://www.che.udel.edu/systems/people/zak
Contact: hxiong@cs.tamu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.