bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Summer Vacation From Diabetes: Evidence From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Boland Elizabeth A. , Grey Margaret , Mezger Jo Anne , Tamborlane William V. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE This study examined the metabolic trend and factors associated with an unexpected rise in HbA1c levels during the summer, with a return to baseline when school resumed, in 40 intensively treated adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Psychosocial data were collected using a variety of diabetes evaluation instruments. HbA1c was measured monthly. RESULTS HbA1C values increased by a mean of .73% from May to July and decreased by a mean of .75% from August to October. Lack of consistency in summer routines compared with school days was associated with a worsening in metabolic control during the summer months. Other factors associated with the summer increase in HbA1c included lower guidance scores on the Diabetes Family Behavior Scale, and higher impact and worry scores on the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth Scale. CONCLUSIONS Interviews suggested that teenagers need to take a vacation from intensive diabetes care during the summer.
Nutritional Management of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Bell Stacey J. , Forse R. Armour 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE People with type 1 diabetes who follow an intensive management program have an increased risk of hypoglycemia, particularly overnight. New strategies for the nutritional management of hypoglycemia are essential. METHODS The unique properties of foods that affect blood glucose are reviewed, with special attention to a new medical food bar designed to reduce the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia. RESULTS All carbohydrate-containing foods affect blood glucose, but each causes a different rise in concentration. Consuming a variety of conventional foods with different glycemic indices can help control hypoglycemia. A new medical food bar that provides a sequential triphasic release of glucose from sucrose, protein, and uncooked cornstarch can help control blood glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Hypoglycemia can be avoided by consuming foods with varying glycemic indices. A new medical food bar that provides sequential release of glucose into the bloodstream may also help control blood glucose levels.
Participant Satisfaction With a Culturally Appropriate Diabetes Education Program: The Native American Diabetes Project
Authors: Griffin Julie A. , Gilliland Susan S. , Perez Georgia , Helitzer Deborah , Carter Janette S. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the purpose of this paper is to report on participant satisfaction with the Native American Diabetes Project diabetes education program. METHODS A questionnaire was designed to measure satisfaction among participants in the diabetes education program, which consisted of five sessions designed according to the Transtheoretical Model of Change and Social Action Theory with input from community members. Eight pueblo communities participated in the program. Sessions were taught by community mentors in three sites in New Mexico. One site taught sessions in a one-on-one format, and two sites taught sessions in a group format. RESULTS The results showed that participant satisfaction did not vary based on session delivery type or by session site. Overall, participants responded positively to sessions designed according to Social Action Theory and with cultural competency. Retention rates for the sessions were 81% for group sessions and 91% for one-on-one sessions. CONCLUSIONS Using a strong theoretical framework and community input to design diabetes education sessions may be important factors in participant satisfaction and retention in diabetes lifestyle education sessions.
Diabetes Knowledge and Its Determinants in a Mexican Population
Authors: Bautista-Martinez Silvia , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos Alberto , Lerman Israel , Velasco Ma.Luisa , Castellanos Rafael , Zenteno Elena , Guillen Luz E. , Murcio Rocio , Wong Bella , Pérez Francisco J Gómez , Rull-Rodrigo Juan A. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the purpose of this study was to measure the level of diabetes knowledge in a representative group of Mexican individuals with diabetes and to identify the factors that influence it. METHODS A validated questionnaire was administered to 570 outpatients; 11.2% had Type 1 diabetes, 36.4% had Type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, and 52.2% had Type 2 diabetes treated with oral agents. Samples for HbAjC determination also were obtained. RESULTS The percentage of correct answers in each section of the questionnaire was low. Type 1 patients had the highest scores, followed by the insulin-treated Type 2 patients; those with chronic complications also had high scores. Educational background, attendance at diabetes courses, age, and HbAIC concentration were the main predictors of knowledge. Attendance at courses was influenced by the severity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The amount of patient knowledge about diabetes-related issues was low in this representative Mexican population. The educational efforts were focused on those with the worst metabolic control and/or with diabetes complications.
Body Size and Body Shape: Perceptions of Black Women With Diabetes
Authors: Liburd Leandris C. , Anderson Lynda A. , Edgar Timothy , Jack Leonard 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this qualitative study was conducted to explore perceptions of body size and shape in a group of black women with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Thirty-three black women with Type 2 diabetes participated in one of three focus groups to discuss perceptions about body size and body shape. Transcriptions of the discussion were analyzed for themes of participants' perceptions about their bodies, their ideas about body size and body shape, and personal and environmental influences on their preferences about size and shape. RESULTS Participants preferred a middle-to-small body size but indicated that a middle-to-large body size was healthier. They also said that a large body size did result in some untoward social consequences. Participants preferred a pear-shaped body (a figure without abdominal adiposity). The three major influences on body image perceptions were children, parents, and the media. CONCLUSIONS With these findings in mind, diabetes education programs that are geared for black women may benefit from the inclusion of key family members. Additionally, the importance of body image perceptions should be recognized in the design and implementation of weight-related diabetes education programs.
Perceived Control and Psychosocial/Physiological Functioning in African American Elders With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wallhagen Margaret I , Lacson Magnolia 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study was to assess (1) the reliability of the revised Wallhagen Perceived Control Questionnaire (PCQ-R), derived from a person-environment perspective, in a sample of elderly African Americans >60 years with Type 2 diabetes and (2) the relationship between the PCQ-R and psychosocial and physiological functioning. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot project was conducted with a convenience sample of 23 African Americans with Type 2 diabetes. Variables included health status, the PCQ-R, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36, and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS The PCQ-R was reliable and significantly related to physical and social functioning, physical and emotional role involvement, mental health, vitality, and general health perception. No relationship was found with metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the reliability of the PCQ-R and the conceptualization of control. However, confirmation is needed in a larger sample, and questions that emerged require further exploration.
An evidence-based approach to physical activity promotion and policy development in Europe: contrasting case studies
Authors: Cavill Nick , Foster Charlie , Oja Pekka , Martin Brian W. 
Published: April 2008

Evidence-based public health takes many of the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies them to public health. This is a relatively young discipline however and is not universally applied to public health issues - especially such multi-disciplinary topics as physical activity. This paper sets out to provide guidance on this issue by characterising four 'key tasks' that form the basis of a systematic evidence-based approach to promoting physical activity. These tasks are based in part on the physical activity promotion model (Brownson et a1.,1999). These are illustrated with examples from work in three contrasting European countries: Finland, England and Switzerland. 'Task one' is concerned with using the evidence for the health benefits of physical activity to 'make the case' and increase action by policy makers. Here, all three countries took a similar approach, conducting academic reviews to draw together the existing evidence of the health benefits of physical activity. 'Task two' is concerned with conducting surveillance to collect evidence on the prevalence of physical activity. Here, Finland and Switzerland were careful to collect trend data and use them for advocacy, while in England continuous changes to questionnaires and survey methodologies have led to poor trend data. 'Task three' is to review evidence on 'what works' in increasing physical activity to influence practice. England appears to be taking a more systematic approach to this task, with a comprehensive approach to reviewing evidence on what works and disseminating this to influence good practice, while the other countries rely mainly on individual evaluation studies. 'Task four' is the evaluation of practice and it is clear that in all three countries this remains a significant challenge - one requiring additional training and dedicated funding. As a result much of current "good practice" is based upon experience (usually unevaluated) and not evidence. This brief analysis shows that there are some common tasks that need to be undertaken as a central part of an evidence-based public health approach. However, cultural and political factors in each country studied have influenced the manner in which these tasks were undertaken, and the importance attached to each component.
Socioeconomic status and trends in alcohol drinking in the Danish MONICA population, 1982- 92
Authors: Osler Merete , Jørgensen Torben , Davidsen Michael , Grønbæk Morten , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Madsen Mette , Gerdes Ulrik , Schroll Marianne 
Published: April 2008

Aims: To examine trends in alcohol drinking in different educational groups. Methods: Data from three cross-sectional WHO MONICA surveys conducted in 1982-84, 1987, and 1991-92 were analysed to estimate trends in abstention, moderate, heavy, and sporadic heavy alcohol use in relation to level of education, age and smoking. In total, 6,695 Danish men and women aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years were included. Results: Alcohol drinking decreased in both men and women during the study period, but changes were only significant among the highest educated. In the highest educated men the prevalence of moderate alcohol use increased from 77 to 82%, while heavy alcohol use declined from 19 to 12%. In the highest educated women the prevalence of abstention increased from 15 to 22%, while moderate alcohol use declined from 78 to 68%. Conclusion: During the 1980s, alcohol drinking decreased among the highest educated men and women and an educational gradient in alcohol drinking widened in men and attenuated in women.
Structural changes and social inequalities in health in Finland, 1986- 1994
Authors: Manderbacka Kristiina , Lahelma Eero , Rahkonen Ossi 
Published: April 2008

Background: This paper seeks to examine changes in health inequalities in Finland from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. To improve our understanding of the contribution of employment status changes to class and educational differences in health within the context of changing labour market conditions, we examined the differences in ill health among social classes, educational groups, and employment status groups. Methods: The data was derived from nation-wide Finnish Surveys on Living Conditions from 1986 and 1994. Analyses included the age range 25- 64 years. Health was measured using limiting long-standing illness and perceived health as below good. Results are presented as age-standardized prevalence percentages and odds ratios from logistic regression analyses. Results: The pattern and size of relative social inequalities in ill health have remained generally stable during the eight-year study period in Finland. Differences between social classes have changed only slightly. Differences between educational groups have declined somewhat among men, but have remained stable among women. Compared with the employed, health among the unemployed, housewives, and pensioners has improved for both men and women. Analysing social class differences within both the employed and the non-employed showed only negligible changes. Conclusions: Changes in social inequalities in health as indicated by class and educational differentials among Finnish men and women have mostly been negligible. The observed changes are likely to have been affected by the 1990s' labour market crisis in Finland. The rapidly increasing mass unemployment is unlikely to have been very individually selective in the short run. However, in the longer run, to the extent that unemployment remains high, this trend can be expected to change as re-entry to paid employment is likely to be more individually selective.
National policies for reducing social inequalities in health in Europe
Authors: Zöllner Herbert 
Published: April 2008

Gaps in health between poor and rich countries, and between social groups within countries, are unacceptably large and may be widening. WHO has made the fi ght against inequities in health a priority in the European region, as part of the policy framework for health for all in the twenty-fi rst century (HEALTH21), aimed at allowing all people to participate in social and economic life. It proposes a number of concrete steps, in order to promote access to health and reduce inequalities in health status. Equity should be everybody's concern, because inequities in health are everybody's loss. They harm many people, operate on a socioeconomic gradient, and put a strain on economic development and social cohesion. Equity is not something that is achieved once for all. A three-pronged approach to action includes: provision to all people of a "decent minimum' ' of assets and resources for creating and maintaining health and living; targeted additional support for disadvantaged groups in ways that respect their dignity and human rights; and appropriate policies, actions, and investments to secure opportunities and support at all levels of society. Genuine progress can be achieved by: •securing a champion and making action understood and attractive; •identifying and acting on needs; •working in partnership and at different levels - community, subnational, national, and international; •mobilizing investment for health; •building in accountability for health; •agreeing on policy choices, and reallocating resources and responsibilities accordingly; •learning and developing knowledge, and looking around and ahead.
Children's residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke varies greatly between the Nordic countries
Authors: Lund Karl E. , Skrondal Anders , Vertio Harri , Helgason Ásgeir R. 
Published: April 2008

Objective: To assess similarities and differences in the Nordic countries regarding ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) exposure in young children. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study comprising a randomly selected sample of 5,500 households which included a child born in 1992. Data were collected using a mailed anonymous questionnaire. Results: While the prevalence of household smoking was similar in all countries, there was a great difference between the countries with regard to child ETS exposure. Finnish parents were more likely than all other Nordic parents to protect their children from ETS and the situation was worst in Denmark and Iceland, where almost half of all households, and nine out of ten households containing daily smokers, exposed their children. Approximately eight out of ten current and former smokers in all countries stated that they had made efforts to change their smoking habits because of their children.
Complete molecular responses are achieved after reduced intensity stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Heaney Nicholas B. , Copland Mhairi , Stewart Karen , Godden Judith , Parker Anne N. , McQuaker I. Grant , Smith Graeme M. , Crawley Charles , Shepherd Pat , Holyoake Tessa L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia were treated with imatinib mesylate (IM) for 6 to 12 months to establish disease control, before reduced intensity stem cell transplantation (RISCT). Escalating doses of donor lymphocyte infusions were given from 6 months after transplantation to eradicate residual disease. A total of 18 patients entered the study and 15 received RISCT (median follow-up, 31 months). RISCT was well tolerated with rapid engraftment, short inpatient stays, and few readmissions. Viral reactivation was common, although extensive graft-versus-host disease occurred infrequently. Donor lymphocyte infusions were given as part of the RISCT protocol in 13 of 15 patients. BCR-ABL transcripts continued to decrease after RISCT, and 8 (53%) patients achieved sustained undetectable levels. All patients are currently off IM. Although IM is now established as first-line therapy for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia, this protocol is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective strategy in these patients. This study is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN86187144.
High BAALC expression associates with other molecular prognostic markers, poor outcome, and a distinct gene-expression signature in cytogenetically normal patients younger than 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study
Authors: Langer Christian , Radmacher Michael D. , Ruppert Amy S. , Whitman Susan P. , Paschka Peter , Mrózek Krzysztof , Baldus Claudia D. , Vukosavljevic Tamara , Liu Chang-Gong , Ross Mary E. , Powell Bayard L. , de la Chapelle Albert , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Larson Richard A. , Marcucci Guido , Bloomfield Clara D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBAALC expression is considered an independent prognostic factor in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML), but has yet to be investigated together with multiple other established prognostic molecular markers in CN-AML. We analyzed BAALC expression in 172 primary CN-AML patients younger than 60 years of age, treated similarly on CALGB protocols. High BAALC expression was associated with FLT3-ITD (P = .04), wild-type NPM1 (P < .001), mutated CEBPA (P = .003), MLL-PTD (P = .009), absent FLT3-TKD (P = .005), and high ERG expression (P = .05). In multivariable analysis, high BAALC expression independently predicted lower complete remission rates (P = .04) when adjusting for ERG expression and age, and shorter survival (P = .04) when adjusting for FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA, and white blood cell count. A gene-expression signature of 312 probe sets differentiating high from low BAALC expressers was identified. High BAALC expression was associated with overexpression of genes involved in drug resistance (MDR1) and stem cell markers (CD133, CD34, KIT). Global microRNA-expression analysis did not reveal significant differences between BAALC expression groups. However, an analysis of microRNAs that putatively target BAALC revealed a potentially interesting inverse association between expression of miR-148a and BAALC. We conclude that high BAALC expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor and is associated with a specific gene-expression profile.
Capture of plasma membrane fragments from target cells by trogocytosis requires signaling in T cells but not in B cells
Authors: Aucher Anne , Magdeleine Eddy , Joly Etienne , Hudrisier Denis 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Upon recognition of their respective cellular partners, T and B cells acquire their antigens by a process of membrane capture called trogocytosis. Here, we report that various inhibitors of actin polymerization or of kinases involved in intracellular signaling partially or fully inhibited trogocytosis by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, whereas they had no effect on trogocytosis by B cells. Similarly, trogocytosis by T cells was inhibited at 4°C, whereas in B cells it was independent of temperature, indicating that trogocytosis by B cells does not rely on active processes. By contrast, most inhibitors we tested impaired both T-cell and B-cell activation. The differential effect of inhibitors on T-cell and B-cell trogocytosis was not due to the higher affinity of the B-cell receptor for its cognate antigen compared with the affinity of the T-cell receptor for its own antigen, but it correlated tightly with the abilities of T cells and B cells to form conjugates with their target cells in the presence of inhibitors. Trogocytosis thus has different requirements in different cell types. Moreover, the capture of membrane antigen by B cells is identified as a novel signaling-independent event of B-cell biology.
Comparative mapping of Brassica juncea and Arabidopsis thaliana using Intron Polymorphism (IP) markers: homoeologous relationships, diversification and evolution of the A, B and C Brassica genomes
Authors: Panjabi Priya , Jagannath Arun , Bisht Naveen C , Padmaja K Lakshmi , Sharma Sarita , Gupta Vibha , Pradhan Akshay K , Pental Deepak 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Extensive mapping efforts are currently underway for the establishment of comparative genomics between the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana and various Brassica species. Most of these studies have deployed RFLP markers, the use of which is a laborious and time-consuming process. We therefore tested the efficacy of PCR-based Intron Polymorphism (IP) markers to analyze genome-wide synteny between the oilseed crop, Brassica juncea (AABB genome) and A. thaliana and analyzed the arrangement of 24 (previously described) genomic block segments in the A, B and C Brassica genomes to study the evolutionary events contributing to karyotype variations in the three diploid Brassica genomes.

Results
IP markers were highly efficient and generated easily discernable polymorphisms on agarose gels. Comparative analysis of the segmental organization of the A and B genomes of B. juncea (present study) with the A and B genomes of B. napus and B. nigra respectively (described earlier), revealed a high degree of colinearity suggesting minimal macro-level changes after polyploidization. The ancestral block arrangements that remained unaltered during evolution and the karyotype rearrangements that originated in the Oleracea lineage after its divergence from Rapa lineage were identified. Genomic rearrangements leading to the gain or loss of one chromosome each between the A-B and A-C lineages were deciphered. Complete homoeology in terms of block organization was found between three linkage groups (LG) each for the A-B and A-C genomes. Based on the homoeology shared between the A, B and C genomes, a new nomenclature for the B genome LGs was assigned to establish uniformity in the international Brassica LG nomenclature code.

Conclusion
IP markers were highly effective in generating comparative relationships between Arabidopsis and various Brassica species. Comparative genomics between the three Brassica lineages established the major rearrangements, translocations and fusions pivotal to karyotype diversification between the A, B and C genomes of Brassica species. The inter-relationships established between the Brassica lineages vis-à-vis Arabidopsis would facilitate the identification and isolation of candidate genes contributing to traits of agronomic value in crop Brassicas and the development of unified tools for Brassica genomics.