bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE CONSISTENCY OF THE LUCAS PRICING FORMULA
Authors: Aase Knut K. 
Published: March 2008

In order to find the real market value of an asset in an exchange economy, one would typically apply the Lucas formula, developed in a discrete time framework. This theory has also been extended to continuous time models, in which case the same pricing formula has been universally applied.While the discrete time theory is rather transparent, there has been some confusion regarding the continuous time analogue. In particular, the continuous time pricing formula must contain a certain type of a square covariance term that does not readily follow from the discrete time formulation. As a result, this term has sometimes been missing in situations where it should have been included.In this paper, we reformulate the discrete time theory in such a way that this covariance term does not come as a mystery in the continuous time version.In most real life situations dividends are paid out in lump sums, not in rates. This leads to a discontinuous model, and adding a continuous time framework, it appears that our framework is a most natural one in finance.Finally, the Gordon growth formula is extended from its deterministic origin, to the present model of uncertainty, and it is indicated how this can be used to to possibly shed some light on the volatility puzzle.
Changing composition of human capital  The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland1
Authors: Jeong Byeongju , Kejak Michal , Vinogradov Viatcheslav 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe show that business education/occupations have expanded and that technical education/occupations have contracted in the Czech Republic and Poland since 1990. We interpret these changes as an adjustment necessary for their transition to a market economy. We do not find the same pattern in Hungary, which we attribute to the earlier timing of its transition. We construct an aggregate model in which labour reallocates in response to changing demand structure. When calibrated with the Czech and Polish data, the model generates a large movement of workers with technical education and experience into business occupations in the early 1990s. The discounted sum of output loss due to the gap between the demand structure and the composition of existing human capital amounts to between 8 and 40 percent of 1990 GDP.
The impact of China's millennium labour restructuring program on firm performance and employee earnings1
Authors: Dong Xiao‐Yuan , Xu Lixin Colin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAround the turn of the century, China experienced perhaps the largest labour restructuring program in the world. This paper uses a new dataset of Chinese industrial enterprises to examine what leads to downsizing, and tries to understand the effects of labour downsizing on firms’ technical efficiency, financial performance and employee wages. We find that downsizing is more prevalent in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), and is more likely when enterprises are older, larger and have higher excess capacity. For both SOEs and private firms, downsizing is more likely when the prices of their products drop, but private firms respond more dramatically. Moreover, downsizing has serious short‐term costs in terms of total factor productivity (TFP). For mild downsizing, private firms suffer more deterioration in productivity. The distribution of surplus after downsizing is more favourable to labour in SOEs. For severe downsizing, both SOEs and private firms exhibit lower TFP growth with similar magnitudes. Our findings imply that private firms emphasize profit goals, while SOEs place a greater weight on labour protection.
DRESDEN (2006), TEAMWORX AND TITANIC (1997): GERMAN WARTIME SUFFERING AS HOLLYWOOD DISASTER MOVIE
Authors: Cooke Paul 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article examines the extraordinary success of Roland Suso Richter's recent television mini‐series Dresden (2006), one of a number of major television projects produced by Nico Hofmann's TeamWorx company, with the support of the television mogul Jan Mojto. It explores the way this and other productions have exploited both the recent upsurge of cultural interest in German ‘wartime suffering’ and the rediscovery of the disaster movie as a genre by Hollywood. Of particular interest to the discussion is the fact that Dresden avoided much of the controversy that often accompanies the representation of German wartime suffering. Yet while the film's presentation of the bombing of the city was largely accepted by critics, its use of certain genre conventions proved more troubling. Specifically, the manner in which Dresden employs James Cameron's 1997 epic disaster film Titanic as an intertext is examined, along with a number of films by Steven Spielberg, whose production company, DreamWorks, TeamWorx clearly sees as a role model. The controversy the film did generate, it is suggested, is due to the problematic ideological connotations the film's intertexts bring with them, a cultural context that tests the limits of contemporary German ‘normalisation’.
Uneven Development, Inter‐scalar Tensions, and the Politics of Decentralization in South Korea
Authors: PARK BAE‐GYOON 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this article, I examine how the spatiality of the state and its associated territorial politics can have an impact on the spatial and scalar restructuring of the state. Building on recent theoretical developments on state space, this article examines how territorial politics can be organized under the particular spatiality of the state, and how that particular form of territorial politics can have an impact on the future restructuring of state spatiality. In particular, by focusing on the spatial processes of state restructuring in South Korea, I will attempt to conceptualize the ways in which the spatiality of top‐down regulatory processes led by the state can generate inter‐scalar tensions between the national and the local; this, in turn, results in the downward rescaling of the state. More specifically, the empirical focus is on how the processes of decentralization in South Korea have been shaped by the influences of various kinds of territorial politics (for example, inter‐scalar tensions between the national and the local, territorialized party politics, etc.) that occur within the context of uneven regional development stemming from the spatial selectivity of state regulation.Résumé Cet article examine comment la dimension spatiale de l'Etat et les politiques territoriales afférentes peuvent affecter la restructuration de l'Etat en termes d'espace et d'échelle. A partir de théories récentes sur l'espace de l'Etat, est examinée la manière dont les politiques territoriales peuvent être organisées compte tenu de la spatialité spécifique de l'Etat,et dont cette forme spécifique de politique territoriale peut agir sur la restructuration future de la spatialité de l'Etat. En s'intéressant aux processus spatiaux de restructuration de l'État en Corée du Sud, ce travail tente de concevoir comment la dimension spatiale des processus réglementaires verticaux menés par l'Etat peut générer des tensions entre les échelons national et local, ce qui entraîne une réduction d'échelle de l'Etat. Plus précisément, l'intérêt empirique porte sur la façon dont les processus de décentralisation sud‐coréens ont subi l'influence de diverses sortes de politiques territoriales (comme les tensions entre échelons national et local, les politiques de parti territorialisées, etc.) existant dans le cadre d'un développement régional inégal issu de la sélectivité spatiale de la réglementation étatique.
Comment on ‘The Eviction of Critical Perspectives from Gentrification Research’
Authors: FREEMAN LANCE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract'The eviction of critical perspectives from gentrification research’ offers the premise that scholars are becoming less critical of gentrification and that this trend is detrimental to those most vulnerable to gentrification. This argument falls short on a number of grounds. First, the article does not persuasively show that the scholarly literature on gentrification has indeed become less critical. More significantly, Slater does not consider perhaps the most important reason that gentrification can be accurately described in both critical and less than critical terms — gentrification's impacts are multifaceted, affecting different people differently and even the same individuals in different ways. Finally, those most threatened by gentrification are likely to need a combination of resistance and persuasion to blunt the ill effects of gentrification. Slater's call for more critical approaches may inspire some to resist, but will do little to persuade the larger society to take their concerns seriously. Given that those most threatened by gentrification are among the least powerful, their cause will most benefit from a combination of literature that inspires resistance as well as literature that persuades others that gentrification is truly a predicament. Therefore, literature that not merely criticizes gentrification but offers a rationale for blunting its detrimental effects is needed as well.Résumé L'article intitulé The eviction of critical perspectives from gentrification research pose en principe que les chercheurs se font moins critiques sur la ‘gentrification’ et que cette tendance porte préjudice aux plus vulnérables face à ce phénomène. Cet argument ne tient pas pour plusieurs raisons. D'abord, il n'est pas montré de manière probante que la littérature académique sur la ‘gentrification’ soit vraiment devenue moins critique. De façon plus marquante, Slater n'étudie pas la raison, peut‐être la plus importante, pour laquelle la ‘gentrification’ peut être décrit avec exactitude en termes à la fois critiques et moins critiques : en effet, ses impacts revêtent plusieurs aspects, affectant différemment les populations différentes, voire les mêmes populations. Enfin, les plus menacés par la ‘gentrification’ ont sans doute besoin d'un mélange de résistance et de persuasion pour atténuer les effets négatifs du processus. L'appel de Slater à des approches plus critiques peut susciter la résistance chez certains, mais va difficilement convaincre la société de traiter sérieusement le problème. Etant donné que les plus menacés font partie des moins puissants, leur cause bénéficiera surtout d'une combinaison de publications inspirant la résistance et de textes capables de convaincre de toute la complexité de la situation liée à la ‘gentrification’. En conséquence, une littérature qui ne se contente pas de critiquer la ‘gentrification’, mais qui propose un raisonnement pour en atténuer les effets néfastes, a tout autant d'utilité.
The first cosmetic treatise of history. A female point of view
Authors: Cavallo P. , Proto M. C. , Patruno C. , Sorbo A. Del , Bifulco M. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisThe Schola Medica Salernitana was an early medieval medical school in the south Italian city of Salerno and the most important native source of medical knowledge in Europe at the time. The school achieved its splendour between the 10th and 13th centuries, during the final decades of Longobard kingdom. In the school, women were involved as both teachers and students for medical learning. Among these women, there was Trotula de Ruggiero (11th century), a teacher whose main interest was to alleviate suffering of women. She was the author of many medical works, the most notable being De Passionibus Mulierum Curandarum (about women’s diseases), also known as Trotula Major. Another important work she wrote was De Ornatu Mulierum (about women’s cosmetics), also known as Trotula Minor, in which she teaches women to conserve and improve their beauty and treat skin diseases through a series of precepts, advices and natural remedies. She gives lessons about make‐up, suggests the way to be unwrinkled, remove puffiness from face and eyes, remove unwanted hair from the body, lighten the skin, hide blemishes and freckles, wash teeth and take away bad breath, dying hair, wax, treat lips and gums chaps.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review
Authors: Farage M. A. , Miller K. W. , Elsner P. , Maibach H. I. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisAs the proportion of the ageing population in industrialized countries continues to increase, the dermatological concerns of the aged grow in medical importance. Intrinsic structural changes occur as a natural consequence of ageing and are genetically determined. The rate of ageing is significantly different among different populations, as well as among different anatomical sites even within a single individual. The intrinsic rate of skin ageing in any individual can also be dramatically influenced by personal and environmental factors, particularly the amount of exposure to ultraviolet light. Photodamage, which considerably accelerates the visible ageing of skin, also greatly increases the risk of cutaneous neoplasms. As the population ages, dermatological focus must shift from ameliorating the cosmetic consequences of skin ageing to decreasing the genuine morbidity associated with problems of the ageing skin. A better understanding of both the intrinsic and extrinsic influences on the ageing of the skin, as well as distinguishing the retractable aspects of cutaneous ageing (primarily hormonal and lifestyle influences) from the irretractable (primarily intrinsic ageing), is crucial to this endeavour.
Cognitive control after distraction: Event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) dissociate between different processes of attentional allocation
Authors: Berti Stefan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAttentional reallocation after a distracting event is an important function of cognitive control. This process is tapped by the reorienting negativity (RON) event‐related brain potential. It was argued that the RON reflects orientation of attention to relevant information in working memory. To test this hypothesis participants performed an auditory duration discrimination task. The stimuli were presented in a frequent standard or a rare deviant pitch with deviants resulting in behavioral distraction. Participants accomplished this task under two conditions: In the refocus condition participants were asked to respond to every stimulus; in the reorient condition participants were instructed to ignore deviant stimuli and omit a reaction. The results suggest that different functions of attentional allocation are reflected by two RON subcomponents: the fast orientation of the focus of attention in working memory and a subsequent poststimulus evaluation process.
D2 dopamine receptor expression and trafficking is regulated through direct interactions with ZIP
Authors: Kim Ok‐Jin , Ariano Marjorie A. , Namkung Yoon , Marinec Paul , Kim Eunmi , Han Jian , Sibley David R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe have used the yeast two‐hybrid system to identify protein kinase C‐ζ interacting protein (ZIP) as a novel interacting protein for the D2 dopamine receptor (DAR). This interaction was identified by screening a rat brain cDNA library using the third intracellular loop of the D2 DAR as bait. A partial‐length cDNA encoding ZIP was isolated and characterized as specifically interacting with the third intracellular loop of the D2 DAR, but not with the third intracellular loops of other DAR subtypes. Biochemical confirmation of the ZIP–D2 DAR interaction was obtained by expressing the full‐length ZIP and D2 DAR proteins in mammalian cells and demonstrating that they could be co‐immunoprecipitated. We further showed that ZIP and the D2 DAR could be co‐immunoprecipitated from endogenous brain tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses further revealed that ZIP and the D2 DAR were extensively co‐localized within numerous neurons in various brain regions. ZIP exists as three protein isoforms of varying length, which are derived from alternative RNA splicing. All three isoforms were found to interact with the D2 DAR, which allowed for the delineation of the receptor interacting domain to within 38 residues of ZIP. Functionally, over‐expression of ZIP was found to result in decreased expression of the D2 DAR with a corresponding decrease in receptor modulation of cAMP accumulation. Confocal microscopy revealed that ZIP over‐expression also lead to an intracellular accumulation of D2 DAR protein in lysosome compartments. These results suggest that ZIP can physically interact with the D2 DAR leading to increased intracellular trafficking to lysosomes with subsequent down‐regulation of receptor expression and function.
Implication of mast cell degranulation in ischemic preconditioning‐induced prevention of cerebral injury
Authors: Rehni Ashish K , Bhateja Pradeep , Singh Nirmal , Jaggi Amteshwar S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study has been designed to pharmacologically investigate the role of mast cell degranulation in ischemic preconditioning‐induced reversal of global ischemia‐ and reperfusion‐induced cerebral injury in mice. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion of 17 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h was employed in present study to produce ischemia‐ and reperfusion‐induced cerebral injury in mice. Cerebral infarct size was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Memory was evaluated using Morris water‐maze test. Rota‐rod test was employed to assess motor incoordination. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion produced cerebral infarction and impaired memory and motor coordination. Three preceding episodes of bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 1 min and reperfusion of 1 min (ischemic preconditioning) prevented markedly ischemia–reperfusion‐induced cerebral injury measured in terms of infarct size, loss of memory and motor coordination. Sodium cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a mast cell stabilizer attenuated the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. It is concluded that neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning may be due to the degranulation of mast cells.
Gender differences in early accommodation and vergence development
Authors: Horwood Anna M. , Riddell Patricia M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA remote haploscopic photorefractor was used to assess objective binocular vergence and accommodation responses in 157 full‐term healthy infants aged 1–6 months while fixating a brightly coloured target moving between fixation distances at 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.33 m. Vergence and accommodation response gain matured rapidly from ‘flat’ neonatal responses at an intercept of approximately 2 dioptres (D) for accommodation and 2.5 metre angles(MA) for vergence, reaching adult‐like values at 4 months. Vergence gain was marginally higher in females (p = 0.064), but accommodation gain (p = 0.034) was higher and accommodative intercept closer to zero (p = 0.004) in males in the first 3 months as they relaxed accommodation more appropriately for distant targets. More females showed flat accommodation responses (p = 0.029). More males behaved hypermetropically in the first two months of life, but when these hypermetropic infants were excluded from the analysis, the gender difference remained. Gender differences disappeared after three months. Data showed variable responses and infants could behave appropriately and simultaneously on both, neither or only one measure at all ages. If accommodation was appropriate (gain between 0.7 and 1.3; r2 > 0.7) but vergence was not, males over‐ and under‐converged equally, while the females who accommodated appropriately were more likely to overconverge (p = 0.008). The apparent earlier maturity of the male accommodative responses may be due to refractive error differences but could also reflect gender‐specific male preference for blur cues while females show earlier preference for disparity, which may underpin the earlier emerging, disparity dependent, stereopsis and full vergence found in females in other studies.
Nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopia – is there a link?
Authors: Ciuffreda Kenneth J. , Vasudevan Balamurali 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMyopia is a worldwide public health problem. However, its understanding is incomplete, and many of its preventative and therapeutic aspects remain controversial. Nearwork is a primary, environmentally based factor in the aetiology of permanent myopia (PM), with nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) being a possible contributory component. A relationship between PM and NITM has been suggested, but that connection has remained somewhat indirect and elusive. However, based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five‐fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM and NITM.
Adult Transition From At‐Risk Drinking to Alcohol Dependence: The Relationship of Family History and Drinking Motives
Authors: Beseler Cheryl L. , Aharonovich Efrat , Keyes Katherine M. , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Prospective studies have not previously examined whether a family history of alcoholism and drinking motives conjointly predict a diagnosed DSM‐IV alcohol abuse or dependence in adults, despite a large literature that each is associated with alcohol consumption. The focus of this study is the conjoint, prospective examination of these risk factors in a 10‐year longitudinal study of adults who were at‐risk drinkers at baseline.Methods:  Prospective, population‐based cohort of drinkers aged 18 or older from a Northeastern U.S. area initially evaluated for history of alcohol use disorders and drinking motives in 1991 to 1992. New onset dependence was studied in those who never met the criteria for alcohol dependence at baseline (n = 423), and new onset abuse was studied in those who never met the criteria for alcohol abuse at baseline (n = 301) and who did not develop dependence during the follow‐up.Results:  Family history significantly interacted with 2 baseline drinking motives in predicting new onsets of DSM‐IV alcohol dependence: drinking to reduce negative affect (OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.05, 10.9) and drinking for social facilitation (OR 3.88; CI 1.21, 12.5). Effects were stronger after conditioning the drinking motives on having a positive family history of alcoholism. In contrast, in predicting new onsets of alcohol abuse, drinking motives did not have direct effects or interact with family history.Conclusions:  Those who drank to reduce negative affect or for social facilitation at baseline were at greater risk of alcohol dependence 10 years later if they also had a family history of alcoholism. These results suggest an at‐risk group that can be identified prior to the development of alcohol dependence. Further, the findings suggest utility in investigating the interaction of drinking motives with measured genetic polymorphisms in predicting alcohol dependence.