bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI tumor characterization using Gd‐GlyMe‐DOTA‐perfluorooctyl‐mannose‐conjugate (Gadofluorine M™), a protein‐avid contrast agent
Authors: Raatschen Hans‐Jürgen , Swain Rebecca , Shames David M. , Fu Yanjun , Boyd Zachary , Zierhut Matthew L. , Wendland Michael F. , Misselwitz Bernd , Weinmann Hanns‐Joachim , Wolf Karl‐Jürgen , Brasch Robert C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe rationale and objectives were to define the MRI tumor‐characterizing potential of a new protein‐avid contrast agent, Gd‐GlyMe‐DOTA‐perfluorooctyl‐mannose‐conjugate (Gadofluorine M™; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) in a chemically induced tumor model of varying malignancy. Because of the tendency for this agent to form large micelles in water and to bind strongly to hydrophobic sites on proteins, it was hypothesized that patterns of dynamic tumor enhancement could be used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, to grade the severity of malignancies and to define areas of tumor necrosis. Gadofluorine M, 0.05 mmol Gd kg−1, was administered intravenously to 28 anesthetized rats that had developed over 10 months mammary tumors of varying degrees of malignancy as a consequence of intraperitoneal administration of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU), 45–250 mg kg−1. These tumors ranged histologically from benign fibroadenomas to highly undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Dynamic enhancement data were analyzed kinetically using a two‐compartment tumor model to generate estimates of fractional plasma volume (fPV), apparent fractional extracellular volume (fEV*) and an endothelial transfer coefficient (KPS) for this contrast agent. Tumors were examined microscopically for tumor type, degree of malignancy (Scarff–Bloom–Richardson score) and location of necrosis. Eighteen tumor‐bearing rats were successfully imaged. MRI data showed an immediate strong and gradually increasing tumor enhancement. KPS and fEV*, but not fPV obtained from tumors correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the SBR tumor grade, r = 0.65 and 0.56, respectively. Estimates for KPS and fEV* but not fPV were significantly lower in a group consisting of benign and low‐grade malignant tumors compared with the group of less‐differentiated high‐grade tumors (1.61 ± 0.64 vs 3.37 ± 1.49, p < 0.01; 0.45 ± 0.17 vs 0.78 ± 0.24, p < 0.01; and 0.076 ± 0.048 vs 0.121 ± 0.088, p = 0.24, respectively). It is concluded that the protein‐avid MRI contrast agent Gadofluorine M enhances tumors of varying malignancy depending on the tumor grade, higher contrast agent accumulation for more malignant lesions. The results show potential utility for differentiating benign and low‐grade malignant lesions from high‐grade cancers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase II clinical studies of denileukin diftitox diphtheria toxin fusion protein in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Frankel Arthur E. , Surendranathan Asha , Black Jennifer H. , White Angela , Ganjoo Kristen , Cripe Larry D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe safety and efficacy of the interleukin‐2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein (DAB389IL2; denileukin diftitox) directed against the IL‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) was tested in patients with recurrent or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).METHODSDenileukin diftitox was administered as 60‐minute intravenous infusions for 5 days every 21 days at a dose of 18 μg/kg per day for up to 8 cycles. In total, 28 patients were treated in 2 multiinstitutional studies with similar eligibility criteria and treatment protocols. Twenty‐two patients receive ≥2 cycles of denileukin diftitox and were evaluable for response.RESULTSTwelve of 22 patients achieved reductions of peripheral CLL cells, with 5 of 12 patients achieving >80% reductions. Six of 22 patients achieved reductions in the size of lymph node on examination and computed tomography scans, and all 6 of those patients met the criteria for a partial or complete response that lasted ≥2 months. Bone marrow biopsies before and after treatment confirmed a complete remission that lasted for 1 year in 1 patient. Overall, denileukin diftitox produced complete remission in 1 of 22 patients (4%) and partial remission in 5 of 22 patients (23%) for a total remission rate of 27%. Progression‐free intervals in the responders were 2 months in 2 patients and 4 months, 6 months, 7 months, and 12 months in 1 patient each. Toxicities were moderate. No infections associated with immunosuppression were seen. There was no significant correlation of response or toxicities with the numbers of denileukin diftitox cycles received or with CD25 levels.CONCLUSIONSFollow‐up studies will be required to identify predictors of response that may improve the response rate to denileukin diftitox in patients with CLL. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of exercise across the cancer trajectory in brain tumor patients
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Guill Bebe , Keir Stephen T. , Carter B.S. Karen , Friedman Henry S. , Bigner Darrell D. , Reardon David A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDExercise may represent a supportive intervention that may complement existing neurooncologic therapies and address a multitude of therapy‐induced debilitating side effects in patients with brain tumors. Given the limited evidence, the authors conducted a survey to examine the exercise patterns of brain tumor patients across the cancer trajectory.METHODSUsing a cross‐sectional design, 386 brain tumor patients who received treatment at the Brain Tumor Center at Duke University were sent a questionnaire that assessed self‐reported exercise behavior prior to diagnosis, during adjuvant therapy, and after the completion of therapy.RESULTSThe response rate was 28% (106 of 383 patients). Descriptive analyses indicated that 42%, 38%, and 41% of participants, respectively, met national exercise prescription guidelines prior to diagnosis, during treatment, and after the completion of adjuvant therapy. Repeated measures analyses indicated no significant changes in the majority of exercise behavior outcomes over the cancer trajectory. However, exploratory analyses indicated that males and younger participants may be at the greatest risk of reducing exercise levels after a brain tumor diagnosis. These analyses remained unchanged after controlling for relevant demographic and medical covariates.CONCLUSIONSA relatively high percentage of brain tumor patients are exercising at recommended levels across the cancer trajectory. Moreover, these patients have unique exercise patterns that may be modified by select demographic variables. This preliminary study provides important informative data for future studies examining the potential role of exercise in patients diagnosed with neurologic malignancies. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Adsorption of Functionalized Benzoic Acids on MgSO4⋅H2O (100)
Authors: Maslyuk Volodymyr , Tegenkamp Christoph , Pfnür Herbert , Bredow Thomas 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing a combination of ab initio and semiempirical methods, adsorption problems on surfaces with large unit cells and low symmetry can still be studied. Here, a hybrid approach of density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree–Fock (HF) was used. As an example, we determined the geometry and the electronic properties of benzoic acid (BA), salicylic acid (SA) and para‐salicylic acid (p‐SA) adsorbed on MgSO4⋅H2O (100), which are used as conditioner molecules for the electrostatic separation of minerals. Contrary to general expectations, these molecules are chemisorbed, with binding energies around 1.9 eV, forming bonds through the carboxylic O atom of the COOH groups in a nonplanar geometry, although the surface is a stoichiometric wide‐band‐gap insulator and the molecules stay intact. In contrast, a planar adsorption geometry turned out to be nonbonding. Bonding takes place by means of surface–molecule resonances due to the overlap of the valence band with molecular orbitals, assisted by a small charge‐transfer molecule to the surface of around 0.15e. These combined interactions cause an intramolecular twist between the COOH group and the benzene ring.
ESR Spin Probes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Stoesser Reinhard , Herrmann Werner , Zehl Andrea , Strehmel Veronika , Laschewsky André 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe spin probes 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPOL), and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐trimethylammoniumpiperidine‐1‐oxylIodide (CAT‐1) are examined in a number of ionic liquids based on substituted imidazolium cations and tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate anions, respectively. The reorientation correlation times τR of the spin probes in these systems have been determined by complete spectra simulation and, for rapid reortientation, by analysis of the intensities of the hyperfine lines of the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. A comparison of the results with those from the model system glycerol/water and selected organic solvents is made. Additions of diamagnetic and paramagnetic ions allow the conclusion that salt effects and spin exchange are present, and that both are superimposed by motional effects. Specific interactions in the ionic liquids, as well as between the spin‐probe molecules and the constituents of the ionic liquids are reflected in the spectra of the spin probes, depending on their molecular structure.
Photoexcitation and Relaxation Dynamics of Catecholato–Iron(III) Spin‐Crossover Complexes
Authors: Enachescu Cristian , Hauser Andreas , Girerd Jean‐Jacques , Boillot Marie‐Laure 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe photophysical properties of the ferric catecholate spin‐crossover compounds [(TPA)Fe(R‐Cat)]X (TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine; X=PF6−, BPh4−; R‐Cat=catecholate dianion substituted by R=NO2, Cl, or H) are investigated in the solid state. The catecholate‐to‐iron(III) charge‐transfer bands are sensitive both to the spin state of the metal ion and the charge‐transfer interactions associated with the different catecholate substituents. Vibronic progressions are identified in the near‐infrared (NIR) absorption of the low‐spin species. Evidence for a low‐temperature photoexcitation process is provided. The relaxation dynamics between 10 and 100 K indicate a pure tunneling process below ≈40 K, and a thermally activated region at higher temperatures. The relaxation rate constants in the tunneling regime at low temperature, kHL(T→0), vary in the range from 0.58 to 8.84 s−1. These values are in qualitative agreement with the inverse energy‐gap law and with structural parameters. A comparison with ferrous spin‐crossover complexes shows that the high‐spin to low‐spin relaxation is generally faster for ferric complexes, owing to the smaller bond length changes for the latter. However, in the present case the corresponding rate constants are smaller than expected based on the single configurational coordinate model. This is attributed to the combined influence of the electronic configuration and the molecular geometry.
Distant regulatory elements in a Sox10‐βGEO BAC transgene are required for expression of Sox10 in the enteric nervous system and other neural crest‐derived tissues
Authors: Deal Karen K. , Cantrell V. Ashley , Chandler Ronald L. , Saunders Thomas L. , Mortlock Douglas P. , Southard‐Smith E. Michelle 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSox10 is an essential transcription factor required for development of neural crest‐derived melanocytes, peripheral glia, and enteric ganglia. Multiple transcriptional targets regulated by Sox10 have been identified; however, little is known regarding regulation of Sox10. High sequence conservation surrounding 5′ exons 1 through 3 suggests these regions might contain functional regulatory elements. However, we observed that these Sox10 genomic sequences do not confer appropriate cell‐specific transcription in vitro when linked to a heterologous reporter. To identify elements required for expression of Sox10 in vivo, we modified bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) to generate a Sox10βGeoBAC transgene. Our approach leaves endogenous Sox10 loci unaltered, circumventing haploinsufficiency issues that arise from gene targeting. Sox10βGeoBAC expression closely approximates Sox10 expression in vivo, resulting in expression in anterior dorsal neural tube at embryonic day (E) 8.5 and in cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, and developing dorsal root ganglia at E10.5. Characterization of Sox10βGeoBAC expression confirms the presence of essential regulatory regions and additionally identifies previously unreported expression in thyroid parafollicular cells, thymus, salivary, adrenal, and lacrimal glands. Fortuitous deletions in independent Sox10βGeoBAC lines result in loss of transgene expression in peripheral nervous system lineages and coincide with evolutionarily conserved regions. Our analysis indicates that Sox10 expression requires the presence of distant cis‐acting regulatory elements. The Sox10βGeoBAC transgene offers one avenue for specifically testing the role of individual conserved regions in regulation of Sox10 and makes possible analysis of Sox10+ derivatives in the context of normal neural crest development. Developmental Dynamics 235:1413–1432, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphoregulation of avian beaks: Comparative mapping of growth zone activities and morphological evolution
Authors: Wu Ping , Jiang Ting‐Xin , Shen Jen‐Yee , Widelitz Randall Bruce , Chuong Cheng‐Ming 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAvian beak diversity is a classic example of morphological evolution. Recently, we showed that localized cell proliferation mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) can explain the different shapes of chicken and duck beaks (Wu et al. [2004] Science 305:1465). Here, we compare further growth activities among chicken (conical and slightly curved), duck (straight and long), and cockatiel (highly curved) developing beak primordia. We found differential growth activities among different facial prominences and within one prominence. The duck has a wider frontal nasal mass (FNM), and more sustained fibroblast growth factor 8 activity. The cockatiel has a thicker FNM that grows more vertically and a relatively reduced mandibular prominence. In each prominence the number, size, and position of localized growth zones can vary: it is positioned more rostrally in the duck and more posteriorly in the cockatiel FNM, correlating with beak curvature. BMP4 is enriched in these localized growth zones. When BMP activity is experimentally altered in all prominences, beak size was enlarged or reduced proportionally. When only specific prominences were altered, the prototypic conical shaped chicken beaks were converted into an array of beak shapes mimicking those in nature. These results suggest that the size of beaks can be modulated by the overall activity of the BMP pathway, which mediates the growth. The shape of the beaks can be fine‐tuned by localized BMP activity, which mediates the range, level, and duration of locally enhanced growth. Implications of topobiology vs. molecular blueprint concepts in the Evo–Devo of avian beak forms are discussed. Developmental Dynamics 235:1400–1412, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of the CT and T‐Shaped Adduct Formation Between 1,3‐Dimethylimidazoline‐2‐thione (or ‐2‐selone) and Halogens
Authors: Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Devillanova Francesco A. , Grimaldi Patrizio , Isaia Francesco , Lelj Francesco , Lippolis Vito 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe reactions between L=E donors [L: 1,3‐dimethylimidazolyl framework; E: S (1), Se (2)] and halogens X2(X: Cl, Br, I) to form either “T‐shaped” hypervalent chalcogen (TY) or linear charge‐transfer‐type adducts (CT) have been studied in the density functional theory (DFT) context by considering both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Apart from the case of the adducts between sulfur donors and diiodine, hypervalent compounds are calculated to be always more stable than CT ones in the gas phase, in agreement with the experimental results based on spectroscopic and structural determinations. NBO and FMO analyses suggest explanations for this. Reaction mechanism studies reveal that CT adducts are always the first products of the reactions and no transition states connecting the reactants directly to TY adducts have been found. The present calculations indicate that, at least for1and2, TY adducts are obtained from CT adducts and not directly from the reactants.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Carbon and Polymer Filaments in Nanoporous Alumina
Authors: Schneider Jörg J. , Engstler Jörg 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNanoporous alumina membranes represent templates for the synthesis and alignment of filamentous nanostructured materials. Porous aluminium oxide (PAOX) membranes are ideal for high‐temperature synthesis. They are transparent, flexible, freestanding and thermally robust. Their pore sizes can be varied over a wide range. The membrane backside seems suited for structuring processes on the nanoscale, for which it may serve as a master. After introducing the formation process of PAOX membranes, synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different morphologies, their electrical field emission properties, and the formation of polymeric filaments and structured polymer surfaces with the aid of PAOX are reported in this microreview.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Zig‐Zag [MnII4] Cluster from a Novel Bis(β‐diketonate) Ligand
Authors: Aromí Guillem , Gamez Patrick , Boldron Christophe , Kooijman Huub , Spek Anthony L. , Reedijk Jan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new ligand, H5L3, has been synthesized featuring seven linearly arranged oxygen donors in form of two 1,3‐diketone and three phenol groups. The X‐ray structure of H5L3 unveils a rare case where one of the diketones is in the enolic form and the other one in the bis(carbonyl) form. This structure is shown by 1H NMR to persist in solution. Reaction of H5L3 with Mn(AcO)2 in pyridine leads to the novel tetranuclear cluster [Mn4(H2L3)2(OAc)2(py)5] (1), which displays an unusual core in form of a zig‐zag chain. Bulk magnetic measurements revealed the existence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling within the molecule. Numerical fits to a model described by the Hamiltonian H = –2J1(S1S2 + S3S4) – 2J2(S2S3) yield coupling constants of J1 = –2.23 cm–1, J2 = –0.85 cm–1 and g = 2.08. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A New Method for the Formation of Anti‐apicophilic (O‐cis) Spirophosphoranes – Kinetic Studies on the Stereomutation of O‐cis Arylspirophosphoranes to Their O‐trans Isomers
Authors: Kajiyama Kazumasa , Yoshimune Miki , Kojima Satoshi , Akiba Kin‐ya 
Published: April 2006

AbstractP–H spirophosphorane 4 bearing two Martin ligands was converted to dianions (5a–n), bearing R groups, with excess organolithium reagents (RLi). Subsequent oxidation with I2 at ambient temperature gave anti‐apicophilic (O‐cis) spirophosphoranes 2a–n. All anti‐apicophilic phosphoranes 2a–n isomerized irreversibly to the O‐trans spirophosphoranes 3a–n, respectively. For 2,6‐dialkylphenyl derivatives 2k–n, the barrier for pseudorotation between enantiomers 2‐RP and 2‐Sp was rather high, and thus the interconversion could not be observed on the NMR timescale. The activation parameters for the pseudorotation of the triisopropylphenyl (TIP) derivative 2n to 3n were almost identical with those of nBu derivative 2b to 3b, i.e., ΔH‡ = 21.3 kcal mol–1, ΔS‡ = –9.4 eu. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
N′‐(3‐Amino‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ylidene)‐R‐carbohydrazides and Their Amide‐Type Isomerism
Authors: Hordiyenko Olha V. , Biitseva Angelina V. , Kornilov Mikhail Yu. , Brosse Nicolas , Hocquet Alexandre , Jamart‐Grégoire Brigitte , Shishkin Oleg V. , Zubatyuk Roman I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA series of N′‐(3‐amino‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ylidene)alkyl(aryl,heteroaryl)carbohydrazides have been synthesized in good yields and their structure and conformational behavior in the solid state and in solution have been studied by X‐ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum calculations. (E)/(Z) amide‐type isomerism and the dependence of the isomeric ratio upon steric effects and solvent polarity are discussed. The thermodynamic parameters of (E) →← (Z) isomerization were determined by 1H NMR dynamic spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A new quasi‐interpenetrating network formed by poly(N‐acryloyl‐tris‐(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and polyvinylpyrrolidone: Separation matrix for double‐stranded DNA and single‐stranded DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection
Authors: Wang Qian , Xu Xu , Dai Lixin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe preparation of a new separation matrix, quasi‐interpenetrating networks (quasi‐IPNs) formed by poly(N‐acryloyl‐Tris) (poly(tris‐A)) and PVP, and its application for dsDNA and ssDNA fragments separation by CE with UV detection, are presented. This new quasi‐IPN exhibited high sieving performance, good dynamic coating ability, and low viscosity. Single‐base resolutions of dsDNA fragments (Rs = 0.92 for 123/124 bp) and ssDNA fragments (Rs = 0.65 for 123/124 base, Rs = 0.48 for 309/310 base) were achieved by using the quasi‐IPN of poly(tris‐A)/PVP (2% + 2%) solution in a 31 cm effective length linear polyacrylamide (LPA)‐coated column. Single‐base separation of dsDNA fragments (Rs = 0.92 for 123/124 bp) was also obtained within 28 min in a 46.7 cm effective length bare column at higher 160 V/cm electric field strength by using the same quasi‐IPN solution. The RSD of the migration time measured for each DNA fragments was less than 1.5% in the bare column for nine continuous runs. The effects of temperature and electric field strength on the DNA separation were also investigated.
A multiplex assay with 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms for human identification
Authors: Sanchez Juan J. , Phillips Chris , Børsting Claus , Balogh Kinga , Bogus Magdalena , Fondevila Manuel , Harrison Cheryl D. , Musgrave‐Brown Esther , Salas Antonio , Syndercombe‐Court Denise , Schneider Peter M. , Carracedo Angel , Morling Niels 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA total of 52 SNPs reported to be polymorphic in European, Asian and African populations were selected. Of these, 42 were from the distal regions of each autosome (except chromosome 19). Nearly all selected SNPs were located at least 100 kb distant from known genes and commonly used STRs. We established a highly sensitive and reproducible SNP‐typing method with amplification of all 52 DNA fragments in one PCR reaction followed by detection of the SNPs with two single base extension reactions analysed using CE. The amplicons ranged from 59 to 115 bp in length. Complete SNP profiles were obtained from 500 pg DNA. The 52 loci were efficiently amplified from degraded samples where previously only partial STR profiles had been obtained. A total of 700 individuals from Denmark, Greenland, Somalia, Turkey, China, Germany, Taiwan, Thailand and Japan were typed, and the allele frequencies estimated. All 52 SNPs were polymorphic in the three major population groups. The mean match probability was at least 5.0×10−19 in the populations studied. Typical paternity indices ranged from 336 000 in Asians to 549 000 in Europeans. Details of the 52 SNP loci and population data generated in this work are freely available at http://www.snpforid.org.