bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis of Different Lesion Areas of Vitiligo by Reflectance Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Wu Jiyuan , Sun Miaomiao , Wei Zijia , Jiang Qian , Chen Hongying , Chen Liuqing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical diagnosis and staging of vitiligo often rely on the patient's subjective recollection, physician's experience, or clinical evaluation methods. An objective, quantitative diagnostic approach is lacking.AimsThis study was performed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different lesion areas and full scanning of lesion areas using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for diagnosis and staging of vitiligo.MethodsClinical and RCM data of patients diagnosed with vitiligo were collected. RCM data were gathered from three sites of a lesion: the center of the lesion, the margin of the lesion, and the perilesional normal skin. Scoring was conducted for each method, categorizing the results as either the progressive or stable stage of vitiligo.ResultsThe sensitivity was significantly lower in the perilesional normal skin than at multiple sites (p < 0.001). The specificity was significantly lower in the center of the lesion and at the margin than at multiple sites and significantly higher in the perilesional normal skin than at multiple sites (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe results of RCM of different lesion areas of vitiligo showed that the rate of missed diagnosis of the progressive stage was lowest in the center of the lesion and comparable to that of multiple sites. The misdiagnosis rate for the stable stage was lowest in the perilesional normal skin, significantly differing from the other sites. Overall, scanning multiple sites yielded the most accurate results, offering flexibility in selection according to the patient's compliance.
Comparison of Predictive Models for Keloid Recurrence Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Hao Yan , Shan Mengjie , Liu Hao , Xia Yijun , Kuang Xinwen , Song Kexin , Wang Youbin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo establish, evaluate and compare three recurrence prediction models for keloid patients using machine learning methods.MethodsWe enrolled 301 keloid patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, dividing them into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). Three recurrence prediction models were established in the training set: the logistic regression model, the decision tree model, and the random forest model. We then evaluated and compared the performance of these models in the validation set, using metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, recall, precision, kappa coefficient, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsWe developed three machine learning‐based prediction models for keloid recurrence. KAAS, mean arterial pressure levels, postoperative complications, and the proportion of inflammatory cells played crucial roles in these models. The decision tree model outperformed both the random forest and logistic regression models in terms of accuracy, and it also exhibited the highest overall precision. Regarding AUC, logistic regression performed the best, followed by random forest and decision trees.ConclusionsThis study established three prediction models for keloid recurrence using machine learning techniques, highlighting the significance of KAAS, blood pressure levels, postoperative complications, and inflammatory cell proportions. When compared from various dimensions, the logistic regression model demonstrated the most favorable prognostic performance in terms of AUC.
Linking phenotypic variation to patterns of genetic isolation along a speciation continuum
Authors: Heiser Sabrina , Amsler Charles D. , Shilling Andrew J. , Higginbotham Hazel M. , Amsler Margaret O. , Stoeckel Solenn , McClintock James B. , Baker Bill J. , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInvestigating taxa at varying stages of divergence can shed light on the evolutionary forces that lead to reproductive isolation and eventual speciation. The forces promoting isolation vary in space and time, which makes it difficult to reconstruct the trajectory that resulted in the divergence observed among species today. The red macroalgal genus Plocamium is known worldwide for its cryptic genetic and chemical diversity. Previous work on the genus Plocamium in Antarctica observed two haplotypes along the western Antarctic Peninsula that have been treated as the same species. Using 10 microsatellite loci, we observed that these two haplotypes correspond to two highly divergent, co‐occurring genetic entities in Antarctic Plocamium, which are located within close vicinity of each other at the same sites. The morphology of the reproductive structures, a feature commonly used to identify cryptic species in Plocamium, as well as the timing of reproduction, differed significantly between the two genetic entities. Altogether, this suggests that two Antarctic Plocamium species exist on the western Antarctic Peninsula. We observed evidence for high levels of selfing in both genetic entities, which likely exacerbated the lack of gene flow between them. In addition, we identified concomitant chemodiversity that generates compelling evidence of early evolutionary divergence within one of these entities. This chemodiversity has ecological consequences for its main grazer, which alludes to one putative evolutionary driver of divergence. Antarctic Plocamium spp. provide a promising model system for investigating the eco‐evolutionary forces that initiate and maintain species boundaries.
Exploring Philosophically Driven Research in Nursing: An Exploration of Research Driven by Jamesian Pragmatism
Authors: Pettifer Annie , Hughes Sean 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNursing research has commonly taken a problem‐based approach to research design seeking to ground research endeavour within the phenomena with which nursing is occupied. The aim of this paper is to explore an alternative of using philosophical imperative as a research driver, considering both the appropriateness and implications of this approach for nursing. Jamesian pragmatism, with its emphasis on plural, fluid ontology and evolving knowledge, aligns with nursing and is one philosophical imperative which has much to the profession. The paper offers an exemplar of research into family members' experience of the diminishing drinking of a dying relative, which was undertaken within, and from, a pragmatic imperative. Research driven by philosophical imperative has consequences. The philosophical imperative will likely to be pervasive across the research, influencing research topic, conceptualisation, design, delivery and utilisation, bringing both advantages and constraints.
Comparing Premaritally Pregnant Couples and Demographically Matched Nonpregnant Controls on Recalled Relationship Progression and Marital Outcomes
Authors: Willis‐Grossmann Emma , Niehuis Sylvia , Reifman Alan , Weiser Dana , Fitzpatrick Jacki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPrior reviews suggest that premarital pregnancies are deleterious to couples' relationship quality and stability. However, outcomes of premarital pregnancy may be confounded with socioeconomic factors. Study 1 (1) compared demographically matched premaritally pregnant and nonpregnant couples on partners' recalled courtship trajectories of commitment to marriage and milestone occurrence (e.g., first sex, feeling love) and marital outcomes (satisfaction and disillusionment); (2) examined how partners' commitment‐trajectory similarity was linked to their milestone attainment and marital outcomes; and (3) investigated how familism relates to premarital pregnancy and relationship progression. Using a predominantly Hispanic local sample, we compared 47 premaritally pregnant and 47 demographically matched nonpregnant newlywed couples on mean levels of key variables and on correlations among them. Pregnant and nonpregnant couples exhibited similar timing and correlates of milestone attainment. Partners' commitment‐trajectory similarity was more important for reaching milestones than was premarital pregnancy. Study 2 addressed Study 1's potential selection bias for highly stable couples (because all eventually married) by including only cohabiting couples from a national dataset. Findings likewise showed little difference in relationship quality between cohabiters with and without young children. Hence, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers should consider premaritally pregnant couples' full context of their romantic relationship rather than the pregnancy alone.
Arthroscopic synovitis severity scoring in canine stifles with cranial cruciate ligament disease
Authors: Lemmon Elisabeth A. , Xiao Rui , Mauck Robert L. , Agnello Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence, degree, and risk factors associated with arthroscopic stifle joint synovitis in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.Study designRetrospective, observational study.Sample populationCanine CCL disease (n = 163) from 149 dogs and their arthroscopic video recordings.MethodsArthroscopic video recordings were reviewed. A synovitis severity (0–5) and a modified Outerbridge cartilage classification system score were assigned, along with recording the presence or absence of a medial meniscal bucket handle tear. Medical records were reviewed for age, sex, limb, and duration of clinical signs. Univariate analyses were performed via a Fisher's exact test for categorical independent variables, and ordered logistic regression was used for continuous variables. Multivariable ordered logistic regression considered independent variables with a p‐value <.2 on univariate analyses. p‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSynovitis was identified in 100% of the stifles examined. The most frequent synovitis severity score was 3/5. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between synovitis severity score and bodyweight (p = .005), median cartilage score (p = .002), and being female (p = .032). On multivariable analysis, the synovitis severity score was significantly associated with median cartilage score (p = .042) and duration of clinical signs (p < .001).ConclusionSynovitis was arthroscopically always identified in stifles with CCL disease. The severity of synovitis was associated with more progressive damage to the articular cartilage and a longer duration of clinical signs.Clinical significanceEarlier intervention in dogs with CCL disease may be warranted to decrease synovitis and progression of osteoarthritis.
Elastic Interaction of Pressurized Cavities in Hyperelastic Media: Attraction and Repulsion
Authors: Saeedi Ali , Kothari Mrityunjay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study computationally investigates the elastic interaction of two pressurized cylindrical cavities in a 2D hyperelastic medium. Unlike linear elasticity, where interactions are exclusively attractive, nonlinear material models (neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce) exhibit both attraction and repulsion between the cavities. A critical pressure-shear modulus ratio governs the transition, offering a pathway to manipulate cavity configurations through material and loading parameters. At low ratios, the interactions are always attractive; at higher ratios, both attractive and repulsive regimes exist depending on the separation between the cavities. Effect of strain stiffening on these interactions are also analyzed. These insights bridge theoretical and applied mechanics, with implications for soft material design and subsurface engineering.
Design and Performance Assessment of Air Cycle Machine Based Self-Contained Cooling System for Pod-Based Electronic Warfare Systems on Fighter Aircraft Platforms
Authors: Shourya R. Nithantha , Guhaprasad N. , Bhat B. Sreenath 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Airborne electronic warfare (EW) pods installed on outboard stations require a self-contained cooling system for the thermal management of electronics. This article brings out the challenges encountered in the development of an air cycle machine-based liquid cooling system used in a pod-based EW suite on a fighter aircraft. The cooling system consists of three primary modules: ACM module, liquid circulation unit, and electronic control unit. The overall system design requirements are translated to individual module and component level performance requirements, control system modes, and health monitoring requirements. The various parameters that affect the performance of the individual component and in turn the cooling system such as inlet and outlet scoop performance, ACM performance, heat exchanger effectiveness, path losses, and pump unit are deliberated in the article and an analytical model developed to analyze and predict the performance of the system at various altitudes and Mach conditions is discussed. Finally, the experimental test results obtained during ground evaluation at a dedicated cooling system test facility and in-flight performance parameters obtained from the 2 kW air cycle machine-based liquid cooling system are discussed.
Modelling Particulate Deposition in Gas Turbines Part II: Prediction and Validation of Deposition Distributions
Authors: Gaskell Jack , Vadgama Nikul , Villain Florian , Beal Simon , McGilvray Matthew , Gillespie David R.H. , Littley Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cooling passages and the secondary air system of gas turbine components are prone to blockage from sand, dust and ash. The ability to model deposition of non-spherical particles accurately using CFD would allow the prediction of in-service performance degradation and the design of deposition-tolerant hardware. This paper implements a Continuous Random Walk (CRW) transport model with a Discrete Elements Methods (DEM) based bounce stick model to predict deposition in CFD. These are the first such simulations in the open literature to incorporate particle shape and surface roughness. The resulting spatial trends of deposition are compared with experimental data of particle deposition in an S-bend. The case considered is representative of the flow and metal conditions, particle size and loading distribution, and passage geometry seen in HPT blade cooling passages. Numerical predictions of deposition distribution show good qualitative agreement with experiments. The approach is therefore suitable to assess and compare the susceptibility of components to particulate damage in industry. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first example in the open literature of experimental comparison of deposition trends in CFD. The approach provided reasonable first-order estimations of quantitative deposition heights, which may be used to estimate component-level degradation in-engine. More accurate quantitative predictions of deposition will require a suitable deposit evolution and erosion model and improved material data, which are not yet available in the literature. The performance of the DEM bounce stick model was favourable compared to energy-based alternatives.
mSphere of Influence: Complement activity beyond systemic circulation—implications in the context of infections
Authors: Desai Jigar V. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Jigar V. Desai works in the field of immunology, studying the mucosal and systemic complement systems and their roles in regulating the immune response. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the papers by the Kemper, Kulkarni, and Kasper laboratories made an impact on his ongoing work investigating the cell-intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of complement and studying its impacts on mucosal and systemic immunity.
Effects of exercise and exercise timing on energy intake and appetite control in Danish individuals with overweight or obesity with and without type 2 diabetes: a protocol for a randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Jalking Lea , Launbo Natja Poder , Jensen Marie Møller , Pedersen Hanne Enghoff , Blond Martin Bæk , Gerstenberg Marina Kjærgaard , Finlayson Graham , Beaulieu Kristine , Færch Kristine , Grunnet Louise Groth , Quist Jonas Salling 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute exercise on appetite control and whether this differs between morning and late afternoon in individuals with overweight/obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods and analysis

The hedonic and homeostatic appetite control in obesity and type 2 diabetes in the context of meal and exercise timing (TIMEX) study is a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial. Fifty-eight women and men (aged 18–75 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m
2
) with or without T2D will be recruited. All participants will complete a screening and baseline visit followed by four test visits: two morning visits and two late afternoon visits. The participants will arrive in the fasted state during the visits. During one morning visit and one late afternoon visit, the participants will engage in a 45-min bout of acute high-intensity interval exercise on an ergometer bicycle. The remaining two visits (one morning and one late afternoon visit) will include 45 min of rest. Fifteen minutes after the rest or exercise period, the participants will be presented with an ad libitum meal. Blood samples will be collected and subjective appetite will be assessed using Visual Analogue Scales in the fasted state before exercise/rest, immediately post-exercise/rest and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min post-exercise/rest. Food reward and food preferences will be assessed using the validated diurnal version of the Steno Biometric Food Preference Task in the fasted state before exercise/rest and 15 min after the ad libitum meal (45 min post-exercise/rest). The primary outcome is the difference in ad libitum energy intake after exercise compared with rest. Secondary outcomes include eating rate; 24-hour energy intake; appetite-related metabolites and hormones, and circulating biomarkers assessed from proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics analyses; food choice, food attention and reaction time, explicit and implicit liking and wanting for different food categories, subjective appetite; ratings of perceived exertion during exercise. All outcomes will be compared between morning and late afternoon and between participants with and without T2D.

Ethics and dissemination
The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-22019913) and the Capital Region of Denmark’s Research Register (Privacy). The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All results will be published in national and international peer-reviewed journals and will be disseminated at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05768958
.
Cataract surgery in Australia: a review of the regional literature and outcomes from 5018 cases at a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad A , Lee Brendon W H , Sartor Lauren , Samarawickrama Chameen 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo report visual and surgical outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery from 5018 consecutive cases from Sydney, Australia. A review of the Australian and New Zealand literature was undertaken to provide a benchmark of outcomes from the region.MethodsThe electronic medical record system was used to review three time-points for all phacoemulsification cataract surgeries at a tertiary-referral centre between May 2017 and August 2020: preoperative, intraoperative and one month postoperatively. Variables collected included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and pinhole visual acuity, surgeon seniority and ocular pathology.ResultsOf the 5018 eyes, 37.3% were operated on by consultants, 47.1% by trainees and 15.6% by fellows. Ocular pathology was seen in 48.9% of eyes (n=1709). The mean preoperative and one month postoperative UDVA was 6/48 and 6/12, respectively. There was an intraoperative complication in 7.6% of eyes (n=379) and posterior capsular rupture (PCR) occurred in 2.7% (n=136). PCR rates between consultants (3.1%, n=56), trainees (2.6%, n=61) and fellows (2.1%, n=16) showed no statistically significant difference (p≥0.355). The key risk factors for PCR were advanced cataract, alpha-antagonist use, small pupil size and the presence of glaucoma.ConclusionWe present visual and surgical outcomes from the largest study on phacoemulsification cataract surgery in Australia and New Zealand, acknowledging the study’s retrospective nature preventing inter-eye correlations, subdivision of cataract subspecialist versus not and trainee rank, and the minority of missing data. Our findings were comparable to regional and international benchmarks despite a high rate of ocular pathology and trainee case load. The lack of a regional cataract surgery registry represents a critical need in assessing and claiming key performance indicators, capturing emerging trends and identifying region-specific risk factors to deliver the best patient outcomes.
Trabeculectomy versus stepwise treatment for breaking the attack of acute primary angle closure in patients with long attack duration: study design and protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (LAAAC)
Authors: Li Zhi , Dai Chao , Fan Su Jie , Tang Guangxian , Liu Chi , Qu Bo , Chang Xinqi , Jiang Jing , Cheng Yanyan , Zhang Ye , Zhang Qing , Wang Ning-li , He Mingguang , Li Shuning 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAcute primary angle closure (APAC) is a common ophthalmic emergency for Chinese patients causing potential visual disabilities. According to current guidelines published by developed countries, a stepwise protocol (medication laser or paracentesis surgery) is recommended for emergency management of APAC. However, patients with APAC in China and developed countries differ in disease characteristics as the Chinese have longer attack duration and lower success rate in breaking the attack with solely medication or laser therapy. It has been proved that long attack duration is a risk factor for failed medical or laser therapies in subsiding APAC. Since prompt and effective treatment is pivotal in preserving visual function as well as avoiding APAC-induced blindness, direct trabeculectomy may largely benefit long-attacking patients with APAC in China.PurposeThe Long-Attacking Acute Angle Closure study aims to compare long-term visual function and safety after different initial treatment strategies: direct surgery (trabeculectomy) or stepwise protocol for patients with APAC with attack duration longer than 72 hours.Methods and analysisThis is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial targeting Chinese patients with APAC duration longer than 72 hours. Eligible participants will be identified at either emergency department or glaucoma clinics, then randomised into stepped treatment group or trabeculectomy group using a computer central randomisation service. The patients will be followed up for 1 year after initial treatment.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome is logMAR BCVA 1 year post initial treatment. Secondary outcomes consist of complete success rate in breaking the attack, intraocular pressure value, mean deviation on Humphrey visual field testing and vision-related quality of life collected using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (25 items) 1 year post initial treatment.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200057289.