bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of smallholder wetland aquaculture–agriculture systems (fingerponds) into riparian farming systems on the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya: socio‐economics and livelihoods
Authors: KIPKEMBOI J , VAN DAM A A , IKIARA M M , DENNY P 
Published: August 2007

This paper presents the results of experimental fingerponds: an integrated flood recession aquaculture–agriculture production system in the Lake Victoria wetlands in Kenya. The overall aim of the study is to assess the potential of fingerponds as a sustainable wetland farming system for improving food security at the subsistence level and within the context of the existing livelihood activities. The contribution of this new activity to rural household livelihoods is evaluated. Since it is a sustainable technology, based on natural events, the production level is intermediate and the benefits may not be high in the short term. Economic analysis shows that the gross margin and net income of fingerponds is about 752 and 197 Euros per hectare per year, respectively. This is about an 11% increase in the annual gross margin of an average rural household around Lake Victoria. The additional per capita fish supply is 3 kg per season or more from a 192 m2 pond. The potential fish protein supply of 200 kg/ha is high compared with most existing terrestrial protein production systems. Fingerponds have the potential to contribute to household food security and to improve livelihoods. Sensitivity analysis indicates that biophysical variations, which may occur from one wetland to another, have implications for the functioning, and consequently the economic performance, of fingerponds. This reinforces the need for the integration of these systems into other household activities to buffer the household against potential risk.
Effect of phorbol ester and platelet‐derived growth factor on protein kinase C in rat hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshimasa , Bridle Kim R. , Ramm Grant A. , O'Neill Rosemary , Britton Robert S. , Bacon Bruce R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground/Aims: Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a key role in hepatic fibrogenesis and thus, it is important to understand the intracellular signalling pathways that influence their behaviour. This study investigated the expression and regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) in HSC.Results: Western blot analysis indicates that rat HSC express at least four PKC isoforms, PKC‐α, PKC‐δ, PKC‐ɛ and PKC‐ζ. PKC‐α and PKC‐ζ were located predominantly in the cytosol and were redistributed to the membrane by the PKC agonist, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), while PKC‐δ and PKC‐ɛ were highly membrane‐bound and did not undergo translocation by PMA. PKC‐α, PKC‐δ and PKC‐ζ were rapidly downregulated by PMA. However, PKC‐ɛ was resistant to downregulation. We also examined phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a specific substrate of PKC, as another approach to assess activation of PKC. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and PMA increased the phosphorylation of MARCKS, suggesting that PDGF can induce PKC activation. PDGF‐induced stimulation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and p70‐S6 kinase was not abrogated by downregulation of PKC‐α, PKC‐δ and PKC‐ζ. Prolonged PKC inhibition did not inhibit the fibrogenic phenotype.Conclusion: Multiple PKC isoforms are expressed in rat HSC and are differentially regulated by PMA. PDGF activates certain mitogenic signalling pathways independent of PKC‐α, PKC‐δ and PKC‐ζ. Specific PKC isoforms may modulate different cell functions in HSC.
Scale‐dependent spatial population dynamics of gall‐makers on oak
Authors: BIEDERMANN Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe patterns of synchrony in the population fluctuations of six species of gall‐makers on oak (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae and Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) were analyzed over a small‐scale transect (8 km) and a large‐scale transect (500 km). Gall‐maker species differed in their degree of synchrony. At the small scale some species showed synchrony among local sites, whereas at the large scale, with one exception, population fluctuations of all species were largely independent. The patterns of synchrony differed between the two spatial scales. At the small scale a considerable degree of synchrony was found among sites for two species, Cynips divisa and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum, whereas at the large scale no synchrony was seen for these species. For one species, Macrodiplosis volvens, the fluctuations were asynchronous at both the small and large scales. At the large scale, synchrony among sites was found for one species: the fluctuations of Neuroterus anthracinus were largely synchronous at both scales (i.e. over several hundred kilometers). Distance‐dependent synchronies (i.e. decreasing synchrony with increasing distance) were found for only one species, Neuroterus anthracinus. In summary, the levels of synchrony in the population fluctuations of these insects differed among species and were scale‐dependent. Scaling up from the small scale to the large scale does not seem appropriate.
Microhabitat and rhythmic behavior of tiger beetle Callytron yuasai okinawense larvae in a mangrove forest in Japan
Authors: SATOH Aya , HAYAISHI Shuhei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMangrove forests are regularly flooded by tides at intervals of approximately 12.4 h (tidal rhythm). Larvae of the tiger beetle Callytron yuasai okinawense in a mangrove forest made shallow burrows in mounds up to 1 m in height constructed by the mud lobster Thalassina anomala. No larval burrows were observed on the forest floor, which was very muddy even during low tide. Some larvae plugged the burrow openings before they were submerged at high tide. The mean interval between consecutive burrow plugging events was 12.37 h, which is similar to the period of tidal cycles. Nine out of 30 larvae plugged the burrow openings even when the burrows did not become submerged. Plugging behavior may be governed by an endogenous biological clock, or may be a response to exogenous information about tidal level (e.g. moisture seeping through the ground).
Effects of carcass size and male presence on clutch size in Nicrophorus quadripunctatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: NAGANO Masahiro , SUZUKI Seizi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effects of carcass size and male presence on clutch size in Nicrophorus quadripunctatus were examined. Male presence increased clutch size and improved the female's ability to produce replacement clutches. Clutch size was also related to carcass size. There was a negative correlation between number of clutches and clutch size for most carcass sizes. We conclude that N. quadripunctatus is potentially iteroparous and hypothesize that reproductive energy is reserved for brood failure.
Abundance of 24‐methylenecholesterol in traditional African rice as an indicator of resistance to the African rice gall midge,Orseolia oryzivoraHarris & Gagné
Authors: OMOLOYE Adebayo A. , VIDAL Stefan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRice production is of great importance to food security in Nigeria. The African rice gall midge (AfRGM),Orseolia oryzivoraHarris & Gagné, is a major pest of lowland rice in Nigeria and many other Africa countries. Current management efforts are directed at integrating host plant resistance with biological agents. The type and abundance of some phytochemicals are known to affect resistance in host plants, so in this study we measured rice culm hardness, rice culm stickiness and the type and quantity of phytosterols in rice cultivars, and investigated the effects of these factors on resistance to the AfRGM. The study was conducted at 24 ± 2°C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and a 12 h light : 12 h dark photoperiod. Three rice cultivars were studied: oneOryza glaberimmacultivar, Tog 7442 (resistant), and twoO. sativacultivars, Cisadane (tolerant) and ITA 306 (susceptible). We found no significant differences in culm hardness and stickiness among the cultivars tested. Using gas chromatography (flame ionization detection) analysis, we identified four major phytosterols: campesterol, 24‐methylenecholesterol, stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol. 24‐Methylenecholesterol was the most abundant sterol in the resistantO. glaberimmacultivar (79.20 μg), whereas β‐sitosterol was most abundant in the two susceptibleO. sativacultivars (Cisadane, 71.27 μg; ITA 306, 66.37 μg). The comparatively high concentration of 24‐methylenecholesterol in this cultivar of O. glaberimmamay be an indicator of resistance to AfRGM.
Three new species and two new records of the genus Psen from China (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae)
Authors: MA Li , LI Qiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThree new species of the genus Psen Latreille from China are described: Psen yunnanensis Ma et Li, sp. nov., from Yunnan Province; Psen lacuniventris Ma et Li, sp. nov., from Zhejiang and Sichuan Provinces; and Psen spinitibialis Ma et Li, sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province. Two species of the genus Psen are recorded from China for the first time. Modifications to the key to species of the genus Psen, as developed by van Lith in 1968, are presented.
Life histories of two ichneumonid parasitoids of Cyclosa octotuberculata (Araneae): Reclinervellus tuberculatus (Uchida) and its new sympatric congener (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae)
Authors: MATSUMOTO Rikio , KONISHI Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn Japan, two species of the genus Reclinervellus were found to attack a single host spider, Cyclosa octotuberculata (Araneae). One of these, Reclinervellus tuberculatus comb. nov., winters as a tender larva and has at least two generations a year. This species laid its egg on the anterior face of the host's abdomen. Prior to laying an egg the female repeatedly rubbed her ovipositor over the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the host's abdomen near the base for more than 25 min. The hatched larva fixed itself at the position where the egg was laid, and developed by consuming the host's body fluids. The other species, R. masumotoi sp. nov., is closely related to R. tuberculatus but is easily distinguished from it by having a very weakly reclivous Cu vein in the hindwing, a less developed carina of the propodeum, a shorter ovipositor and more blackish coloration of the mesoscutum. Although this species is sympatric with R. tuberculatus and attacks the same host, the position of the egg and larva on the host's body is quite different from that of R. tuberculatus. The egg of this species was laid on the posterior surface of the host's abdomen and the larva matured 10–20 days earlier than those of R. tuberculatus. Via these modes of parasitism R. masumotoi seemed to escape from competition with R. tuberculatus at the stage of oviposition and out‐competed it when a single host individual bore larvae of both species. Previous records of parasitoids reared from C. octotuberculata were reviewed and found to include records of both species.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Syndiamesa Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Japan, with description of a new species
Authors: ENDO Kazuo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Japanese species of the genus Syndiamesa are revised. A new species, Syndiamesa longipilosa sp. nov., from Honshu, Japan is described from male and female material. The male of Syndiamesa mira (Makarchenko) from Japan is redescribed and figured. Syndiamesa chuzemagna Sasa is synonymized with Syndiamesa yosiii Tokunaga. Syndiamesa bicolor Tokunaga is transferred to the genus Sympotthastia. A key to males of Japanese Syndiamesa is provided.
A new genus, Thailepidonia gen. nov., based on T. yoshiyasui sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Thailand
Authors: PARK Kyu‐Tek 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new genus, Thailepidonia gen. nov. of the family Lecithoceridae, is described based on a new species, T. yoshiyasui sp. nov. from Thailand.
Review of the female Duroc/Yorkshire pig model of human fibroproliferative scarring
Authors: Zhu Kathy Q. , Carrougher Gretchen J. , Gibran Nicole S. , Isik F. Frank , Engrav Loren H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTHypertrophic scarring after burns is an unsolved problem and remains as devastating today as it was in the 40s and it may be that the main reason for this is the lack of an accepted, useful animal model. The female, red Duroc pig was described as a model of hypertrophic scarring nearly 30 years ago but then vanished from the literature. This seemed strange since the authors reported that 12 of 12 pigs developed thick scar. In the mid 90s we explored the model and found that, indeed, the red Duroc pig does make thick scar. Other authors have established that the Yorkshire pig does not heal in this fashion so there is the possibility of a same species control. We have continued to explore the Duroc/Yorkshire model and herein describe our experiences. Is it a perfect model of hypertrophic scarring? No. Is it a useful model of hypertrophic scarring? Time will tell. We have now obtained gene expression data from the Duroc/Yorkshire model and analysis is underway.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ALGAL PYRENOID. I. ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CYTOCHEMISTRY DURING ZOOSPOROGENESIS OF TETRACYSTIS EXCENTRICA1
Authors: Brown R. Malcolm , Arnott Howard J. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe fine structure of the pyrenoid in the mature vegetative cell of Tetracystis excentrica Brown and Bold is described. During zoosporogenesis, the pyrenoid undergoes regression, and the ultrastructure of this process is described in detail. The ground substance undergoes dissolution, and reticulate fibrillar structures appear as well as intruding chloroplast thylakoids. Pyrenoid‐associated starch plates diminish, and quantities of starch not associated with the pyrenoid are produced. New pyrenoids appear late in the division cycle after all other major organelles associated with the motile cell have been formed. Zoospore pyrenoids develop in thylakoid‐free spaces of the chloroplast which are similar to the DNA‐containing regions. The new pyrenoid ground substance, which is loosely fibrillar, arises in close proximity to starch grains which may be formed in the stroma. Then the zoospore pyrenoid produces 2 hemispherical starch plates identical to those in the mature vegetative cell. Zoospore pyrenoids lack the 2 convoluted thylakoids between the starch plates and the ground substance characteristic of those in the mature vegetative cell. Instead, the thylakoids are identical to those of the chloroplast at first, and then develop into a convoluted state in the vegetative cell. Cytochemical tests for DNA, RNA, and protein were made for the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, and pyrenoid. Conclusive evidence is presented for the presence of RNA in the cytoplasm and nucleolus, DNA in the nucleus, and protein in the pyrenoid. The tests did not conclusively demonstrate the presence or absence of DNA and RNA in the pyrenoid; however, they suggested that small amounts of both DNA and RNA may be present.
PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF TWO PLANKTONIC DIATOMS IN STEADY STATE CULTURE1,2
Authors: Carpenter Edward J. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYMinimum phosphorus requirements of 2 marine diatoms, Cylindrotheca (Nitzschia) closterium and Cyclotella nana, were measured in axenic steady state chemostat culture. C. closterium and C. nana required 1.055 and 1.045 × 10−15 g‐at P cell−1 generation−1, respectively, with an average cell doubling time of 0.20 divisions/day. The algae were cultured at 15.5 C and exposed to 5380 lux on a light‐dark cycle of 19 hr‐5 hr. The phosphorus requirement per unit of cell volume was 0.0135 and 0.0129 × 10−15 g‐at P/μ3 of cell volume for C. closterium and C. nana, respectively.
A NEW BANGIOPHYCIDEAN ALGA FROM ALABAMA1
Authors: Deason Temd R. , Nichols H. Wayne 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYA new species of red algae, Boldia angustata sp. nov., was discovered near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, during the spring of 1968. It differs significantly from the only previously described species, Boldia erythrosiphon Herndon, in length and width of young and mature thalli, cell size, shape of nuclei in first‐order cells, shape of intercalary filaments, morphology of filaments derived from monospores, ontogenetic development of erect plants, morphology of the basal system, and regularity of first‐order cells.
THE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE SILICOFLAGELLATE DICTYOCHA FIBULA EHRENBERG IN CULTURE1,2
Authors: Van Valkenburg Shirley D. , Norris Richard E. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY Dictyocha fibula was cultured in an enriched seawater medium from collections taken at Edmonds, Washington. The optimum temperature for growth is 10 C at salinity 24% and 160 ft‐c illumination in Provasoli enriched seawater at the concentration of 7.5 ml/liter seawater. Average generation time is 49 hr. In addition to swimming cells with skeletons, swimming cells without skeletons and nonswimming coenocytes were observed in clonal cultures at 15 C.
COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY OF THREE SPECIES OF CHLAMYDOMONAS TO ANALOGS OF METABOLITES1,2
Authors: McBride A. Charles , Gowans C. Shields 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYTwenty‐five analogs of metabolites were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of Chlamydomonas eugametos, C. moewusii, and C. reinhardii. Eleven of the tested analogs were inhibitory to 1 or more species, but only 3 compounds were inhibitory to all 3.
AN UNUSUAL NEW SPECIES OF DRAPARNALDIA FROM LAKE CHAMPLAIN1,2,3
Authors: Cook Philip W. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY Draparnaldia champlainensis sp. nov. is described and compared with other species of the genus and with Draparnaldiopsis. It closely resembles certain species described by Meyer from Lake Baikal and also Draparnaldiopsis simplex Jao. Its distinguishing features are (1) determinate branches borne in whorls on nearly every cell of the main axis; (2) one or a few broad hairs originating near the base of the determinate branch system; (3) a well‐defined group of meristematic cells at the base of the hair; and (4) extensive rhizoidal cortication in the lower portions of the plants and at the base of the main branches. Draparnaldiopsis simplex Jao is transferred to the genus Draparnaldia and renamed Draparnaldia jaoi nom. nov.
THE CELL WALL OF PYROCYSTIS SPP. (DINOCOCCALES)1,2
Authors: Swift Elijah , Remsen Charles C. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe cell of Pyrocystis spp. is covered by an outer layer of material resistant to strong acids and bases. Internal to this layer much of the cell wall is composed of cellulose fibrils. The presence of cellulose fibrils was established by staining raw and ultra‐violet–peroxide‐cleaned cell walls and by combining X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy with electron microscope observation. Carbon replicas of freeze‐etched preparations and thin sections of P. lunula walls show outer layers, inside them ca. 24 layers of crossed parallel cellulose fibrils (4–5 nm thick, ca. 12 nm wide), then a region of smaller (ca. 6–12 nm diameter) fibrils in a disperse texture, and then the plasma membrane. Cellulose fibrils in the parallel texture are constructed of 3–5 elementary fibrils ca. 3 nm in diameter. Walls of P. fusiformis and P. pseudonctiluca also have cellulose fibrils in a crossed parallel texture similar to those of P. lunula.The Gymnodinium‐type swarmer from lunate P. lunula appears to have a cell wall ultrastructure typical of other “naked” dinoflagellates.
OBSERVATIONS ON NITELLA ACUMINATA FROM SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND NORTHERN MEXICO1
Authors: Tindall Donald R. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYMorphological and cytological analyses of several specimens of the genus Nitella suggest that species described as N. stellaris, N. lindheimeri, N. gollmeriana, and N. mexicana and some forms reported as N. acuminata var. subglomerata represent a single taxon in the N. acuminata species group. Cytological examination revealed a chromosome number of n = 9 in the specimens from the study area but N. acuminata is known to display n = 18 chromosomes in other regions of North America and on oilier continents. Hypotheses regarding the origin and significance of this polyploidy are discussed. The habitats supporting N. acuminata (n = 9) in the study area show some features which are in contrast to those of habitats supporting the species (n = 18) in other areas of North America.
EFFECT OF 2,4‐DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA CHICK1
Authors: Bertagnolli Byron L. , Nadakavukaren Mathew J. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick cells grown in liquid culture containing 5 × 10−3M sodium 2,4‐dichloro‐phenoxyacetic acid exhibited vesiculation of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial swelling with disorganization of cristae, disruption of the chloroplast lamellar system, and dictyosomes with irregularly swollen cisternae. Ultrastructural details previously not reported for species of Chlorella were also observed: (1) presence of a crystalline pyrenoid with an 80 A periodicity, (2) a nucleolus made up of ribosome‐like particles, and (3) smaller ribosomes in the chloroplast and mitochondria than in the cytoplasm.
PHYTOPLANKTON OF THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER NEAR BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK: SEASONAL VARIATIONS; EFFECT OF SEWAGE EFFLUENTS1,2
Authors: Wager Donald B. , Schumacher George J. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYNet phytoplankton samples were collected weekly for 13 months at points above and below sewage effluents. Sixty‐three genera and 130 taxa were identified: diatoms, 19 genera, 44 taxa; greens, 31 genera, 67 taxa; blue‐greens, 6 genera, 8 taxa. Downstream from the sewage effluents the number of taxa was unchanged but the number of organisms was definitely increased. This increase was most pronounced for green and blue‐green algae, and least for diatoms. The seasonal distribution of algae was that usually seen in waters of the North Temperate Zone. The particular taxa and number of taxa found were those of productive waters but not typical of heavily polluted waters.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE NOCTILUCA MILIARIS SURIRAY1,2
Authors: Zingmark Richard G. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe existence of sexuality in dinoflagellates has long been controversial. Events described as the differentiation and release of isogametes and sexual fusion in cultures of Noctiluca miliaris were studied with the light microscope. In cultures fed. twice weekly with Dunaliella sp., kept under a 12‐hr day, 12‐hr night light regime at 25–30 ft‐c and held at 18 C, certain vegetative cells, termed gametocyte mother cells, were observed to undergo what is interpreted as meiosis. This was followed by several synchronous mitotic divisions occurring at 45‐min to 1‐hr intervals and. resulting in the production of up to 1024 mature uniflagellated isogametes attached on the surface of the gametocyte mother cell body. After several hours gametes now seen swimming freely in the media were observed to fuse and form zygotes. One zygote subsequently became vacuolated and eventually differentiated into a small but reasonably typical vegetative cell. The life cycle of N. miliaris appears thus to be of the diplontic type. The taxonomic relationships between Noctiluca and other mesocaryotic dinoflagellates are discussed.