bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Maintenance of Treatment Outcomes: Diabetes Personal Trainer Intervention for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nansel Tonja R. , Iannotti Ronald J. , Simons-Morton Bruce G. , Plotnick Leslie P. , Clark Loretta M. , Zeitzoff Linda 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
To describe a 2-year follow-up of A1C outcomes of a self-regulation intervention for youth with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 81 youths with type 1 diabetes ages 11–16 years were randomized to usual care versus a diabetes personal trainer intervention consisting of six self-monitoring, goal-setting, and problem-solving sessions with trained nonprofessionals. A1C data were obtained from medical records 2 years postintervention, and ANCOVA adjusting for age and baseline A1C was conducted.

RESULTS
An overall intervention effect on A1C (8.93% control vs. 8.43% intervention; F = 8.24, P = 0.05) and a significant intervention-by-age interaction (F = 9.88; P = 0.002) were observed, indicating a greater effect among older than younger youths. Subgroup analyses demonstrated no treatment group differences among pre-/early adolescents but a significant difference in A1C among middle adolescents (9.61% control vs. 8.46% intervention; F = 7.20, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate maintenance of intervention effects on A1C observed at 1-year follow-up.
Uterine leiomyoma with massive lymphoid infiltrate after colon cancer chemotherapy: an immunohistochemical investigation with special reference to lysosome-associated membrane protein expression
Authors: Belovejdov Veselin , Dikov Dorian , Auriault Marie , Copie-Bergman Christiane , Sarafian Victoria 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma with massive lymphoid infiltration is a rare morphologic phenomenon. We describe the first case of uterine leiomyoma with lymphoid infiltration observed in a patient after chemotherapy for sigmoid cancer. We performed immunohistochemical analysis with a panel of antibodies to several markers. Detection of CD20, CD3, Ki67, CD68 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen assisted in the differential diagnosis and partial elucidation of the pathogenesis. In addition, we examined the lysosome-associated membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 for the first time in this lesion. Their expression was elevated, indicating enhanced autophagy, an indirect sign of degenerative changes in this benign tumor characterized by massive lymphoid infiltration.
Membrane processes used for separation of effluents from wire productions
Authors: Karakulski Krzysztof , Gryta Marek , Morawski Antoni 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMetal wires are produced from different metals using drawing methods. The metal used influences both the technology applied and the composition of effluents generated during wires production. Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration are used for the separation of waste emulsions from cable factories. Membrane distillation was proposed for the treatment of acidic saline wastewater generated during steel wire manufacturing (etching). The possibility of the previously mentioned processes application for water reuse is presented. The application of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes (FP 100) with the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa in the ultrafiltration process resulted in the reduction of 99 % of oil and lubricants in the treated emulsions and allowed complete removal of suspended solids and colloidal substances. Such pre-treated emulsion was subsequently purified by nanofiltration (NF-90-2540) and a 98 % rejection of copper ions was achieved, resulting in a decrease of the permeate electrical conductivity from 3200 μS cm−1 to 260 μS cm−1. The obtained permeate was suitable for preparation of fresh oil emulsion utilized for lubrication in the wire drawing process. The spent etching baths (from steel wire production), which mainly contained FeSO4 and about 1 mass % of sulfuric acid, were separated by membrane distillation. The obtained permeates were: clean water with electrical conductivity at a level of 3–5 μS cm−1. Concentrates (190–200 g of Fe per L) from the MD process were cooled to 295 K, which enabled the FeSO4 crystallization. Application of the above-mentioned membrane processes allows producing high quality product water, over 90 % of water was recovered from the treated wastewaters.
Influence of suspended solid particles on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in a system stirred by double impellers
Authors: Kiełbus-Rąpała Anna , Karcz Joanna 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of the research work was to investigate the effect of the presence and concentration of solid particles on the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a mechanically stirred gas-solid-liquid system. Experimental studies were conducted in a tall vessel of the diameter of 0.288 m, equipped with two designs of double stirrers. Three high-speed stirrers were used: A 315, Smith turbine, and Rushton turbine. The following operating parameters were changed: gas flow rate, stirrer speed, and solid concentration. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined using the dynamic gassing-out method. In the range of the measurements conducted, this coefficient was strongly affected by both the presence and the concentration of particles in the system. Generally, a low concentration of particles in the system, equal to 0.5 mass %, caused an increase of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient values for both stirrer configurations compared to a system without solids whilst more particles (2.5 mass %) caused a decrease of this coefficient. It could be supposed that an increase of slurry viscosity affected the decrease of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at higher solid concentration. An empirical correlation was proposed for volumetric mass transfer coefficient prediction. Its parameters were fitted using experimental data.
Web 2.0 vs. the Semantic Web: A Philosophical Assessment
Authors: Floridi Luciano 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper develops some of the conclusions, reached in Floridi (2007), concerning the future developments of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their impact on our lives. The two main theses supported in that article were that, as the information society develops, the threshold between online and offline is becoming increasingly blurred, and that once there won't be any significant difference, we shall gradually re-conceptualise ourselves not as cyborgs but rather as inforgs, i.e. socially connected, informational organisms. In this paper, I look at the development of the so-called Semantic Web and Web 2.0 from this perspective and try to forecast their future. Regarding the Semantic Web, I argue that it is a clear and well-defined project, which, despite some authoritative views to the contrary, is not a promising reality and will probably fail in the same way AI has failed in the past. Regarding Web 2.0, I argue that, although it is a rather ill-defined project, which lacks a clear explanation of its nature and scope, it does have the potentiality of becoming a success (and indeed it is already, as part of the new phenomenon of Cloud Computing) because it leverages the only semantic engines available so far in nature, us. I conclude by suggesting what other changes might be expected in the future of our digital environment.
The Epistemic Cultures of Science andWikipedia: A Comparison
Authors: Wray K. Brad 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTI compare the epistemic culture ofWikipediawith the epistemic culture of science, with special attention to the culture of collaborative research in science. The two cultures differ markedly with respect to (1) the knowledge produced, (2) who produces the knowledge, and (3) the processes by which knowledge is produced.Wikipediahas created a community of inquirers that are governed by norms very different from those that govern scientists. Those who contribute toWikipediado not ground their claims on their reputations as knowers, for they stand to lose nothing if and when their contributions are found to be misleading or false. And the immediacy of the medium encourages gossip and jokes. Hence, though we have some reason to believe that an invisible hand aids scientists in realizing their epistemic goals, we cannot ground our confidence in what is reported onWikipediaon the fact that an invisible hand ensures quality. Nor is the information onWikipediaaptly justified in a manner similar to the way testimony can be justified.
Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Nanocrystalline ZnO Due to Increased ROS‐Mediated Cell Injury
Authors: Applerot Guy , Lipovsky Anat , Dror Rachel , Perkas Nina , Nitzan Yeshayahu , Lubart Rachel , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn innovative study aimed at understanding the influence of the particle size of ZnO (from the microscale down to the nanoscale) on its antibacterial effect is reported herein. The antibacterial activity of ZnO has been found to be due to a reaction of the ZnO surface with water. Electron‐spin resonance measurements reveal that aqueous suspensions of small nanoparticles of ZnO produce increased levels of reactive oxygen species, namely hydroxyl radicals. Interestingly, a remarkable enhancement of the oxidative stress, beyond the level yielded by the ZnO itself, is detected following the antibacterial treatment. Likewise, an exposure of bacteria to the small ZnO nanoparticles results in an increased cellular internalization of the nanoparticles and bacterial cell damage. An examination of the antibacterial effect is performed on two bacterial species: Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive). The nanocrystalline particles of ZnO are synthesized using ultrasonic irradiation, and the particle sizes are controlled using different solvents during the sonication process. Taken as a whole, it is apparent that the unique properties (i.e., small size and corresponding large specific surface area) of small nanometer‐scale ZnO particles impose several effects that govern its antibacterial action. These effects are size dependent and do not exist in the range of microscale particles.
Functionalized Siloles: Versatile Synthesis, Aggregation‐Induced Emission, and Sensory and Device Applications
Authors: Li Zhen , Dong Yong Qiang , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jiaxin , Qin Anjun , Häußler Matthias , Dong Yu Ping , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Kwok Hoi Sing , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of functionalized siloles has been a challenge because of the incompatibility of polar functional groups with the reactive intermediates in the conventional protocols for silole synthesis. In this work, a synthetic route for silole functionalization is elaborated, through which a series of functionalized siloles are successfully prepared. Whereas light emissions of traditional luminophores are often quenched by aggregation, most of the functionalized siloles show an exactly opposite phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The siloles are nonemissive when dissolved in their good solvents but become highly luminescent when aggregated in their poor solvents or in the solid state. Manipulation of the aggregation–deaggregation processes of the siloles enables them to play two seemly antagonistic roles and work as both excellent quenchers and efficient emitters. The AIE effect endows the siloles with multifaceted functionalities, including fluorescence quenching, pH sensing, explosive detection, and biological probing. The sensing processes are very sensitive (with detection limit down to 0.1 ppm) and highly selective (with capability of discriminating among different kinds of ions, explosives, proteins, DNAs, and RNAs). The siloles also serve as active layers in the fabrication of electroluminescent devices and as photosensitive films in the generation of fluorescence patterns.
Myeloma cells exhibit an increase in proteasome activity and an enhanced response to proteasome inhibition in the bone marrow microenvironment in vivo
Authors: Edwards Claire M. , Lwin Seint T. , Fowler Jessica A. , Oyajobi Babatunde O. , Zhuang Junling , Bates Andreia L. , Mundy Gregory R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has a striking clinical benefit in patients with multiple myeloma. It is unknown whether the bone marrow microenvironment directly contributes to the dramatic response of myeloma cells to proteasome inhibition in vivo. We have used the well‐characterized 5TGM1 murine model of myeloma to investigate myeloma growth within bone and response to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in vivo. Myeloma cells freshly isolated from the bone marrow of myeloma‐bearing mice were found to have an increase in proteasome activity and an enhanced response to in vitro proteasome inhibition, as compared with pre‐inoculation myeloma cells. Treatment of myeloma‐bearing mice with bortezomib resulted in a greater reduction in tumor burden when the myeloma cells were located within the bone marrow when compared with extra‐osseous sites. Our results demonstrate that myeloma cells exhibit an increase in proteasome activity and an enhanced response to bortezomib treatment when located within the bone marrow microenvironment in vivo. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma ghrelin concentration is a signal of decreased fat free mass in healthy elderly females
Authors: Jürimäe Jaak , Kums Tatjana , Jürimäe Toivo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate whether circulating ghrelin is associated with changes in different body composition parameters over a 12‐month prospective study period in healthy older females. On 41 postmenopausal women (mean age: 71.0 ± 6.5 years), ghrelin, leptin, insulin resistance (IR), and body composition parameters were assessed before and after the study period. Trunk fat: leg fat ratio (+3.6%), fat free mass (FFM) (−4.1%), glucose (+5.8%), and IR (+7.0%) were significantly changed (P < 0.05), whereas no changes in height, body mass, body mass index, fat mass (FM), %FM, trunk fat, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were observed as a result of study period. At baseline, ghrelin correlated negatively (r > −0.306; P < 0.05) with body mass, FM, %FM, trunk fat, FFM, leptin, insulin, and IR. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that baseline ghrelin concentration was significantly associated only with the mean change in FFM value over the 12‐month study period. In conclusion, basal ghrelin concentration predicted the loss of FFM in healthy elderly females. In addition, these results suggest that circulating ghrelin concentration could be regarded as a signal of decreased FFM in healthy elderly females. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Y‐chromosome variation in South Iberia: Insights into the North African contribution
Authors: Alvarez Luis , Santos Cristina , Montiel Rafael , Caeiro Blazquez , Baali Abdellatif , Dugoujon Jean‐Michel , Aluja Maria Pilar 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPopulation of Pedroches Valley, a hypothetical Berber settlement, located in the northwest portion of Córdoba province (Andalusia, Spain), had been analyzed for its Y‐chromosome diversity. Moreover, to contextualize this population, 127 Y‐chromosomes from a general Andalusia sample and a North African Berber community (Marrakech, Morocco) were also typed. For all samples, 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the non‐recombining portion of the Y‐chromosome (NRY) were analyzed and those samples described as belonging to E3b1b‐M81 haplogroup were also typed for 16 Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats. Our Analysis showed low levels of North African E3b1b‐M81 haplogroup in the Pedroches Valley population (1.5%), which is a lower contribution than would be expected. This result rejects the hypothesis of a gradual genetic assimilation of Berber settlers during the Islamic period. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality and fertility rates in humans and chimpanzees: How within‐species variation complicates cross‐species comparisons
Authors: Hawkes Kristen , Smith Ken R. , Robson Shannen L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA grandmother hypothesis may explain why humans evolved greater longevity while continuing to end female fertility at about the same age as do the other great apes. With that grandmother hypothesis in mind, we sought to compare age‐specific mortality and fertility rates between humans and chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, and found two puzzles. First, we expected that lower adult mortality in humans would be associated with slower senescence, but the rate of chimpanzee demographic aging falls within the human range. Second, we expected declines in age‐specific fertility to be similar in the two species but instead of falling in the thirties as it does in women, fertility remains high into the forties in some chimpanzee populations. We report these puzzles using data from nine human populations and both wild and captive chimpanzees, and suggest that systematic differences in the heterogeneity of surviving adults may explain them. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case report: Adult phenotype of Mulvihill–Smith syndrome
Authors: Yagihashi Tatsuhiko , Kato Motoichiro , Izumi Kosuke , Kosaki Rika , Yago Kaori , Tsubota Kazuo , Sato Yuji , Okubo Minoru , Watanabe Goro , Takahashi Takao , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMulvihill–Smith syndrome (MSS) is characterized by premature aging, multiple pigmented nevi, decreased facial subcutaneous fat, microcephaly, short stature, mental retardation and recurrent infections, however the adult phenotype of MSS has yet to be delineated. We report a 28‐year‐old woman with Mulvihill–Smith syndrome, who had a solid pseudopapillary cystic tumor of her pancreas at age 17 years. Her distinctive sleep pattern includes severe insomnia with disappearance of sleep spindles and K‐complexes, persisting muscle tone, and loss of slow wave sleep. The clinical and neurophysiological studies are compatible with agrypnia excitata, a sleep disorder attributable to a dysfunction of the thalamo‐limbic system. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography revealed structural and functional deficits in the dorsomedial region of the thalamus and indicated that an alteration in the thalamo‐limbic system may underlie the sleep disturbances in MSS. Furthermore, the rapid and severe decline in acquired cognitive function showed the distinct cognitive impairments resembling dementia, including intellectual deficits, memory disorder and executive dysfunction. We posit that an early onset tumor, sleep disorder and cognitive decline are adult manifestations of Mulvihill–Smith syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occipitoatlantoaxial junction malformation and early onset senile ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis in a girl with MURCS association
Authors: Al Kaissi Ali , Ben Chehida Farid , Ben Ghachem Maher , Grill Franz , Klaushofer Klaus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRecent onset of head mobility limitations associated with significant stiffness along the vertebral column were the predominating symptomatology in a girl with MURCS association. Occipitoatlantoaxial junction malformation complex and vertebral hyperostosis have been identified. Three‐dimensional computerized tomography (3‐DCT) scan showed assimilation of the anterior arch of the atlas causing basilar invagination. She also had significant thoracic vertebral hyperostosis closely resembling senile ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis (Forestier disease). We report on what might be a novel constellation of spine maldevelopment in connection with MURCS association. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymicrogyria in a child with inv dup del(9p) and 22q11.2 microduplication
Authors: Mosca A.L. , Callier P. , Faivre L. , Marle N. , Mejean N. , Thauvin‐Robinet C. , Masurel‐Paulet A. , Madinier N. , Durand C. , Couillaud G. , Ragot S. , Huet F. , Teyssier J.R. , Mugneret F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPolymicrogyria (PMG) is a relatively common malformation of the cortex for which the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Both acquired and genetic causes are known, and to date more than 70 cases of PMG have been associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Here we report on a 12‐year‐old girl presenting with asymmetrical PMG predominantly affecting the right occipital lobe. She was the only child of consanguineous parents. At 7 years of age she was referred for mental retardation with speech delay and seizures. Cytogenetic studies of the patient revealed an inverted 9p duplication/deletion and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)‐array also showed a 22q11.2 microduplication confirmed by quantitative PCR. This case is of interest in the search for candidate genes and emphasizes the importance of the 22q11 region in PMG. It also highlights the efficiency of BACs‐array in detecting complex rearrangements. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Efficient and Regioselective Platinum(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of Multiply Substituted Indolines and Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEin besonderer Vorteil: Die Platin(II)‐katalysierte Tandemcyclisierung von Aminoalkinen mit 1,3‐Diketonen ist eine neue und hoch effiziente Methode zur Synthese von Indolinen und Tetrahydrochinolinen (siehe Schema). Unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen werden gute bis sehr gute Ausbeuten sowie hohe Regio‐ und Chemoselektivitäten erzielt.magnified image
Koordinationspolymere: von metall‐organischen Gerüsten zu Kugeln
Authors: Champness Neil R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractZauberkugel: Metall‐organische Kugeln mit außergewöhnlichen Einschlusseigenschaften lassen sich einfach herstellen und mit einer Reihe von Gastspezies wie Nanopartikeln, Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen und Quantenpunkten versehen. Die Fluoreszenz‐ oder magnetischen Eigenschaften beider Komponenten bleiben erhalten, sodass derartige Systeme als neue Multifunktionsmaterialien von Bedeutung sind.magnified image
Design of Peptidic Foldamer Helices: A Stereochemical Patterning Approach
Authors: Mándity István M. , Wéber Edit , Martinek Tamás A. , Olajos Gábor , Tóth Gábor K. , Vass Elemér , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAssembly language: The programmed sequences of stereochemical building blocks lead to novel biomimetic helices. The rational design approach offers new possibilities for creating periodic secondary structures.magnified image
A Total Synthesis of Norhalichondrin B
Authors: Jackson Katrina L. , Henderson James A. , Motoyoshi Hajime , Phillips Andrew J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFour corners: The syntheses of four key building blocks for the total synthesis of norhalichondrin B (see structure) are described. The assembly of these subunits into the natural product is also reported. Key features of the synthesis are the use of the Achmatowicz oxidation/ionic hydrogenation for the synthesis of pyrans and pyranopyrans, and the application of tandem metathesis for the synthesis of pyranopyrans.magnified image