bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Foam Cement in the Williston Basin
Authors: Bour D. L. , Vennes M. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The properties of low density foamed cement slurries have been advantageously employed to overcome cementing problems in North and South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. For over 30 years, operators in the Williston Basin have encountered completion problems associated with several salt and lost circulation zones.
Poor mud displacement in washed out salt sections left long string production casing vulnerable to casing collapse. Weak zones prone to lost circulation necessitated use of multiple stage cementing techniques to perform long string casing cementing jobs.
To solve these problems, foam cement has been used with exceptional success. The use of this lightweight cementing system has helped eliminate the problem of collapsed pipe, as well as allowing for the circulation of long intervals of cement, even back to surface, in a single stage.
A Systematic Approach To Design Of Rod Pumps In Coal Degasification Wells: San Juan Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Hebert Doug W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Pumping coal degasification wells with conventional rod pumping methods can be a virtual nightmare without a systematic approach to the wells inherent problems.
When confronted with this task there are two main problems to address, particulate matter and gas interference. Both problems must be addressed simultaneously. Because of the nature of these problems, conventional attempts to alleviate one can lead to intensification of the other.
Pump design and configuration is very important but no more important than the well bore configuration. Over the years new products and new methods have been developed to make pumping these wells feasible.
Storage Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis and How They Can Interface With Planning, Remedial Work, and Operations
Authors: Syvertson D. I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
With recent changes within the gas transmission business both internal (personnel, etc.) and external (open access, markets, etc.), companies are faced with how best to utilize their storage capabilities in this new environment. Natural, faced with this situation, had severed, options available. Initially, some discussion was given to purchasing a commercial simulator program. However, with 13 reservoirs and the time and investment involved along with the uncertainty of the final product, Natural took a different approach. Mainly, organizing data so that both trend and analytical analysis can be performed quickly and easily. With past problems of rigid data bases where data was too structured and inflexible for review, the decision was made to put as much data into spreadsheet programs as possible. From here data can be reviewed or extracted into another spreadsheet for analysis.
This paper will track data from the wellhead (type and frequency) to planning models (the final product). Intermediate steps show how the data is stored and analyzed to determine how each reservoir is behaving. From these intermediate analysis individual reservoirs are then combined into a big picture for all reservoirs, which is combined into the overall system plan.
Examples, analysis, and conclusions are drawn from various P/z vs Inventory graphs, fields data plots, and historical trends are shown and described.
The Antrim Shale of the Michigan Basin: An Active Devonian Shale Gas Play
Authors: Oliver S. J. P. , Kuuskraa V. A. , Brandenburg C. F. , Coates J-M. P. , Kelafant J. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Antrim Shale, first drilled in the 1940’s, is estimated to contain significant quantities of gas, up to 76 Tcf in place. However, relatively low gas production rates, coupled with an inadequate understanding of its key reservoir properties, have limited its active pursuit. Recently, a better appreciation of the merit of the Antrim Shale as a gas resource has raised operator interest. From a base of 32 Antrim Shale wells in 1986, drilling increased to 91 wells in 1987 and to over 300 wells in 1988.
While the pace of Antrim Shale drilling has clearly increased, gas production rates are still relatively low (at about 100 Mcf/day), suggesting that innovative completion and stimulation techniques are needed to increase production and, ultimately, gas reserves. This paper examines in detail two such development strategies aimed at improving Antrim Shale productivity - large volume sand fracs and improved geologic understanding.
Initial analysis of the Antrim Shale suggests that large, water-based stimulation treatments may increase gas flow by more efficiently removing the water in the formation thus improving relative permeability to gas. In addition proper interval selection and well spacing could improve gas recovery. A tworphase, dual porosity reservoir simulator was used to examine the well performance and gas flow rates for applying improved technology to the Antrim Shale.
Field Experience with Production of Deep Sour Gas Reservoir
Authors: Morsi K. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The design, construction, pre-commissioning, commissioning and operating phases oE major projects involve several various personnel. Operating problems encountered subsequent to commissioning are not always communicated to designers. This can result in the repeat of the errors which will cause costly modifications.
This paper reviews ADNOC’s experience in well completion and production of deep sour gas reservoir. In addition it presents a summary of several operating problems encountered in producing these wells, actions done to reduce failure probability and the resulting recommendations which should be considered in design and operation of similar reservoirs.
Fabrication and Erection of Jack-Up Drilling Platform Legs of Heat-Treated Steels
Authors: Crawford David C. , Walker James H. 
Published: December 2007

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
This paper was prepared for the 42nd Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Houston, Tex., Oct. 1–4, 1967. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
The utilization of newly developed heat treated steels in the legs of jack-up drilling platforms required the development of new welding and quality control techniques for both shop and field applications. The necessity of these techniques, their development and subsequent application is described.

Introduction
Early in 1964 it became apparent that the offshore drilling industry had entered an era in which contractors, through the stimulation and requirements of the offshore operators, would be called upon to construct several offshore rigs with an operating depth capability of 200 to 300 feet. One of the major new areas opened to exploration at this time, thus creating an immediate rig demand, was the North Sea.
The immediate initiation of new rig construction in the U.K. was the path chosen by The offshore Company as the most expeditious and economical way to meet the need for rigs in this area. The rush to the North Sea had commenced, and it was incumbent on the contractor to construct (offshore rigs as soon as possible with all the modern refinements and suitable for the intended area of operation— in an area of the world where rig construction experience was practically non-existent.
As the legs of a self-elevating drilling platform are the most important single structural component, the necessity of rigorous fabrication controls is of vital importance. utilization of newly developed heat treated steels in the legs not only increased the magnitude of fabrication controls, but created the need for development of new welding and quality control techniques for both shop fabrication and field erection applications.
Evaluation Programme for Offshore Development System
Authors: Ihara M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to develop the prompt assisting tool programme named "EPODS" ( Evaluation Programme for Offshore Development System ) for the decision making of selecting optimum oil field development system. The programme is designed to be used at various stages such as preliminary stage when bidding for a concession, conceptual study stage after acquisition of the concession and final study stage prior to actual development design.
The Fluid Properties Measurement Expert System
Authors: Dharan M. B. , Turek E. A. , Vogel J. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the development of an expert system to provide routine consulting advice to petroleum reservoir engineers in the highly specialized field of fluid properties. Obtaining reliable reservoir fluid properties is a critical first step in various reservoir engineering studies. Knowledge of the fluid properties required for various applications and the technically appropriate and cost effective methods for obtaining the data can save time and money. The likelihood of obtaining representative data is increased. In order to provide advice on the fluid property needs for various applications and to recommend appropriate ways to obtain the requisite data, the Fluid Properties Measurement Expert System was developed. The system has been developed using an EMYCIN like expert system shell. In addition to containing over 600 rules in its knowledge base, the expert system connects to several processing programs and a database of fluid property reports. An initial prototype of an important subsystem was validated against a panel of fluid property experts. The validation methodology is also detailed.
Experience with the Development of a Well Test Program in a Windows Environment
Authors: Blanc L. M. , Peters E. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A computer-aided pressure transient analysis program has been developed in a Microsoft Windows™ environment resulting in a highly interactive and user-friendly application. Programming in such an environment involved a completely new approach to program logic and design. In Windows, programs respond to events and process messages -mouse clicks, requests to redraw window contents, etc- rather than issue commands as in conventional software design.
Personal computer operating systems are evolving towards creating a graphical user interface. The main advantage of such a visual interface is that the user can learn how to operate a particular application quicker and more efficiently than a DOS-based application. The learning process is intuitive and all the applications consistently have the same feel and look. Users of both Macintosh™ and IBM™ family of personal computers are well aware of the difference in operating systems.
For the non-professional software developer, programming in Windows creates a whole new array of concepts and requires a deep understanding of computer architecture, in particular, memory management and organization. The experience obtained in developing a pressure transient analysis application has reinforced our belief that engineers need to become acquainted with such operating systems. This paper covers the most important topics on how to write Windows applications and the changes in our programming habits involved in creating them.
Business Interruption Insurance for North Sea Oil and Gas Production Fields
Authors: Canaway R. T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The phased discovery of oil and gas reserves in isolated pockets beneath the seas has led to an interesting network of interlinked offshore developments.
Oil and gas reserves which are many miles offshore have to be extracted, separated and transported to the shore. The planned development of the North Sea has made it possible to share facilities such as oil and gas pipelines, platform processing and export equipment and tanker loading facilities. Older declining fields possess facilities which can yield spare capacity for use in the development of new marginal fields and the capital cost savings make good sense. However, associated with this comes the disadvantages of interdependency of one field on the availability of another's facilities for production continuity. Business interruption evaluations become more complicated and the placing of insurance cover must take into account all possible incidents which can yield both short and long term losses.
This paper looks at some of the incidents which might lead up to periods of long term business interruption for typical North Sea main oil and/or gas gathering stations and interconnected ‘edge’ fields.
A Remote System for Subsea Well Maintenance
Authors: Torgersen Richard C. , McGregor Ian D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Mobil North Sea Limited and FSSL Limited have worked together for the past two plus years on the development of a deep water satellite well system. The design features an integrated production system which is remotely installed and maintained. Maintenance is performed by an ROV/cage combination which is deployed from a dynamically positioned support vessel or pipe carrier. This development work has endeavoured to achieve a reliable and cost effective system which can also be used as an alternative to diver assisted wells in shallower water areas.
This paper outlines the design work conducted to date by addressing the subsea tree and controls hardware, cage system, special tooling and the surface vessel heavy weather launch and recovery system. Selected prototype hardware has been built and tested.
A New Wellhead Design Concept
Authors: Heijnen W. H. P. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A conceptual wellhead design is described based on the use of 18 3/4″ BOP stacks. It can also be used with the more popular 13 5/8″ BOP. The concept is based around three main parameters:
1] Maximum BOP protection during installation. 2] Full maintainibility to the point of total replacement. 3] Flexibility in use during the total lifetime.
The conceptual design incorporates not only operational requirements but also explains and gives solutions on the level of the detailed design.
Design and Application of an Integral Jet Pump/Safety Valve in a North Sea Oilfield
Authors: Allan J. C. , Moore P. C. , Adair P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Offtake levels, under natural flow, from Thistle and Deveron wells A46(45) and A51(03) are both constrained by relatively poor pressure support. It was decided to install jet pumps in the existing completions to test the reservoir performance under artificial lift. If enhanced offtake levels could be supported permanent gas lift completions would be installed at a later date. In addition to this interim increases in the production rates would be achieved prior to workover.
A wireline retrievable jet pump, complete with a integral sub-surface safety valve (SSSV), has been designed for installation in the (open) sliding side door (SSD) of the existing completions. Power fluid, supplied from the water injection system, is routed via the casing-tubing annulus and returns are produced up the tubing string. Downhole isolation of both the tubing and the annulus is achieved by means of the annulus pressure operated SSSV which is located immediately below the jet pump.
The design procedure for the selection of the optimum nozzle/throat combination is described. Operating procedures have been developed to ensure successful operation of the device and details are given of both the downhole and surface hardware.
Results of actual field performance are presented and comparisons made with predicted values. Finally details are given of design modifications which were implemented in response to problems which developed during field trials.
TRISS, Unmanned Deep Water Tower
Authors: Larsen Jan 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the TRILITE Super Satellite Platform (TRISS), a light 3-legged cost-effective fixed jacket substructure concept supporting a simple topside facility intended for unmanned operation. An overall objective has been to develop a realistic alternative to sub-sea concepts in water depths down to app-rox. 350 meters with the added advantage of having the wellheads located above sea level.
The jacket concept incorporates all known and proven features contributing to weight reductions. Furthermore, additional ideas conforming with this objective has been launched and studied, such as utilizing prestressed conductors and routing caissons inside the legs. Another novel feature is the installation method for cases where the installation weight exceeds the current SSCV lifting capacity, i.e. with use of a special purpose concrete barge-CONRAFT. The approach involves e.g. upending of the jacket jointly with the barge.
The topside facilities studied ranges from the simplest possible sub-sea type arrangement to a more elaborate concept including first stage separation, thereby avoiding multi-phase transportation to the processing facility. Special emphasis has been placed upon developing a layout adapted to a triangular support configuration and minimizing equipment within the frame-work of safety regulations in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea.
Technical merits have been studied and estimates of weight, cost and schedule prepared for a case in 330 m water depth.
An Application of an Artificial Intelligence Program for Bailing Operation Management in West Virginia
Authors: Yu J. P. , Mustafa A. , Yang J. R. , Zhao D. , Suhy T. E. , Hefner M. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The success of a bailing operation depends solely on management in order to keep the operation economical. A novel approach to solve this managment challenge is to use an artificial intelligence program. A prototype bailing evaluation package has been completed with decline curve analysis, artificial intelligence program, and data base.
A decline curve analysis program can be applied to fit the bailing cycles of each well in order to predict the future bailing schedule and bailing gain. The bailing cost and other economic parameters have been used to determine the economic limits for bailing cycle investment, These parameters are being used to set the multiwell priority list for planning one month bailing operations. The line pressure, geographic location, weather conditions, farming activities, and operational problems are optimized into a working list to establish a priority list for the bailing of each well. An artificial intelligence program is being used for selecting and evaluating the priority list of the bailed wells. In addition, a database system is also being compiled to supply pertinent data for the bailing evaluation. This paper presents the way these three programs work together as a bailing evaluation package.
Modeling the Discovery of New Natural Gas Reserves
Authors: Iledare O. O. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In this paper we have attempted to develop a microanalytical model of new natural gas supply response using a careful analysis of West Virginia geological, petroleum engineering and economic data. The model equations were estimated statistically, using covariance analysis model for pooling crosssections of time series data. The regression results support the a priori expectations that higher natural gas prices has a positive effect on drilling activities. There is also an indication that expected wellhead price has a positive effect on the finding rate of new reserves. The contentions that increasing tax rate and increasing reserves-production ratio from preferred level have negative effects on drilling activities were confirmed. The empirical results also show that the margins of substitution in these geologic environments, are not well known.
Selection of Well Completion Zones Using the Dye Leachback Technique
Authors: Bennett R. , Schettler P. D. , Parmely C. R. , Bowles G. H. , Morton B. F. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Selecting specific zones to stimulate in wells is a major problem in designing stimulation treatments for low permeability reservoirs, such as the Devonian shale. Treatments should be concentrated over small intervals of a well, so the selection of the most productive intervals is critical. The Dye Leachback technique helps to locate these zones by determining the areas of highest permeability on the borehole wall.
This patented technique involves measuring the rate of dye penetration into rock cuttings under controlled conditions. The degree of penetration is measured by allowing the dye to diffuse out of the cuttings into an initially clear solution. This process is termed leachback. Dye Leachback Coefficients are calculated from time windows associated with dye immersion, rinse, and leachback. Leachback Coefficients are plotted versus depth of the sample to obtain a permeability profile. The profile indicates zones in the well which are more conducive to gas flow. Profiles from drill cuttings we have analyzed correlate reasonably with gas production zones in the wells. Therefore, the profile information can be used to assist in the selection of intervals for stimulation treatments in a well.
Recovery of Oil from Underground Drillsites
Authors: Streeter W. S. , Hutchinson T. S. , Ameri S. , Wasson J. A. , Aminian K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A significant quantity of oil is left in reservoirs after conventional oil recovery techniques have been applied. In West Virginia and Pennsylvania alone, this oil has been estimated at over 4.5 billion barrels (0.72 billion m3). Conventional recovery methods are already being used when applicable. But a new recovery method is needed for use in reservoirs that have been abandoned. One alternative method for recovery of the residual oil is known as "oil recovery from underground drill sites". This recovery technology is a combination of proven methods and equipment from the petroleum, mining, and civil construction industries.
Underground oil recovery can be an economically viable method of producing oil. This has been shown in producing fields, field tests, and feasibility studies. Faced with decreasing domestic oil production, the petroleum industry should give serious consideration to the use of oil recovery from underground drill sites as a safe, practical, and environmentally sensitive alternative method of producing oil from many reservoirs.
Steerable Systems Drilling: The Right Angle for Horizontal Drilling
Authors: Claytor S. B. , King R. , Speed J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A steerable system was recently employed off the coast of Western Australia to accomplish the longest continuously drilled horizontal section in Australia to date. This paper examines the practical aspects of drilling this horizontal well. The pre-well planning process is discussed with emphasis placed on steerable system design and drill stem design. Finally, a brief chronology of the drilling operation is presented along with results of the actual well.