bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markers and Methods for Cell Sorting of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cell Populations
Authors: Pruszak Jan , Sonntag Kai-Christian , Aung Moe Hein , Sanchez-Pernaute Rosario , Isacson Ole 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Neural cells differentiated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) exhibit broad cellular heterogeneity with respect to developmental stage and lineage specification. Here, we describe standard conditions for the use and discovery of markers for analysis and cell selection of hESC undergoing neuronal differentiation. To generate better-defined cell populations, we established a working protocol for sorting heterogeneous hESC-derived neural cell populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using genetically labeled synapsin-green fluorescent protein-positive hESC-derived neurons as a proof of principle, we enriched viable differentiated neurons by FACS. Cell sorting methodology using surface markers was developed, and a comprehensive profiling of surface antigens was obtained for immature embryonic stem cell types (such as stage-specific embryonic antigen [SSEA]-3, -4, TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60), neural stem and precursor cells (such as CD133, SSEA-1 [CD15], A2B5, forebrain surface embryonic antigen-1, CD29, CD146, p75 [CD271]), and differentiated neurons (such as CD24 or neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM; CD56]). At later stages of neural differentiation, NCAM (CD56) was used to isolate hESC-derived neurons by FACS. Such FACS-sorted hESC-derived neurons survived in vivo after transplantation into rodent brain. These results and concepts provide (a) a feasible approach for experimental cell sorting of differentiated neurons, (b) an initial survey of surface antigens present during neural differentiation of hESC, and (c) a framework for developing cell selection strategies for neural cell-based therapies.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Clonal Multipotency of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Stem Cells Between Mesodermal and Ectodermal Lineage
Authors: Tamaki Tetsuro , Okada Yoshinori , Uchiyama Yoshiyasu , Tono Kayoko , Masuda Maki , Wada Mika , Hoshi Akio , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Akatsuka Akira 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe differentiation potential of skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) after in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation has been extensively studied. However, the clonal multipotency of MDSCs has yet to be fully determined. Here, we show that single skeletal muscle-derived CD34−/CD45− (skeletal muscle-derived double negative [Sk-DN]) cells exhibit clonal multipotency that can give rise to myogenic, vasculogenic, and neural cell lineages after in vivo single cell-derived single sphere implantation and in vitro clonal single cell culture. Muscles from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were enzymatically dissociated and sorted based on CD34 and CD45. Sk-DN cells were clone-sorted into a 96-well plate and were cultured in collagen-based medium with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor for 14 days. Individual colony-forming units (CFUs) were then transplanted directly into severely damaged muscle together with 1 × 105 competitive carrier Sk-DN cells obtained from wild-type mice muscle expanded for 5 days under the same culture conditions using 35-mm culture dishes. Four weeks after transplantation, implanted GFP+ cells demonstrated differentiation into endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and neural cell (Schwann cell) lineages. This multipotency was also confirmed by expression of mRNA markers for myogenic (MyoD, myf5), neural (Musashi-1, Nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule-1, peripheral myelin protein-22, Nucleostemin), and vascular (α-smooth muscle actin, smoothelin, vascular endothelial-cadherin, tyrosine kinase-endothelial) stem cells by clonal (single-cell derived) single-sphere reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 70% of clonal CFUs exhibited expression of all three cell lineages. These findings support the notion that Sk-DN cells are a useful tool for damaged muscle-related tissue reconstitution by synchronized vasculogenesis, myogenesis, and neurogenesis.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Production-Data Analysis of Single-Phase (Gas) Coalbed-Methane Wells
Authors: Clarkson C. R. , Bustin R. M. , Seidle J. P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCoalbed-methane (CBM) reservoirs commonly exhibit two-phase-flow (gas plus water) characteristics; however, commercial CBM production is possible from single-phase (gas) coal reservoirs, as demonstrated by the recent development of the Horseshoe Canyon coals of western Canada. Commercial single-phase CBM production also occurs in some areas of the low-productivity Fruitland Coal, south-southwest of the high-productivity Fruitland Coal Fairway in the San Juan basin, and in other CBM-producing basins of the continental United States. Production data of single-phase coal reservoirs may be analyzed with techniques commonly applied to conventional reservoirs. Complicating application, however, is the unique nature of CBM reservoirs; coal gas-storage and -transport mechanisms differ substantially from conventional reservoirs. Single-phase CBM reservoirs may also display complex reservoir behavior such as multilayer characteristics, dual-porosity effects, and permeability anisotropy.The current work illustrates how single-well production-data-analysis (PDA) techniques, such as type curve, flowing material balance (FMB), and pressure-transient (PT) analysis, may be altered to analyze single-phase CBM wells. Examples of how reservoir inputs to the PDA techniques and subsequent calculations are modified to account for CBM-reservoir behavior are given. This paper demonstrates, by simulated and field examples, that reasonable reservoir and stimulation estimates can be obtained from PDA of CBM reservoirs only if appropriate reservoir inputs (i.e., desorption compressibility, fracture porosity) are used in the analysis. As the field examples demonstrate, type-curve, FMB, and PT analysis methods for PDA are not used in isolation for reservoir-property estimation, but rather as a starting point for single-well and multiwell reservoir simulation, which is then used to history match and forecast CBM-well production (e.g., for reserves assignment).CBM reservoirs have the potential for permeability anisotropy because of their naturally fractured nature, which may complicate PDA. To study the effects of permeability anisotropy upon production, a 2D, single-phase, numerical CBM-reservoir simulator was constructed to simulate single-well production assuming various permeability-anisotropy ratios. Only large permeability ratios (&#62;16:1) appear to have a significant effect upon single-well production characteristics.Multilayer reservoir characteristics may also be observed with CBM reservoirs because of vertical heterogeneity, or in cases where the coals are commingled with conventional (sandstone) reservoirs. In these cases, the type-curve, FMB, and PT analysis techniques are difficult to apply with confidence. Methods and tools for analyzing multilayer CBM (plus sand) reservoirs are presented. Using simulated and field examples, it is demonstrated that unique reservoir properties may be assigned to individual layers from commingled (multilayer) production in the simple two-layer case.
Development of Dope-Free Premium Connections For Casing and Tubing
Authors: Leech Andrew , Roberts Alun 
Published: June 2007

Summary
Removing API dope from the makeup process of threaded premium connections during casing and tubing operations not only reduces the risk of contamination of the local environment but also provides a cleaner and safer working area. Conversely, the removal of the antigalling property inherent in API dope greatly increases the risk of galling damage to connections during power-tight makeup.
This paper describes various tests carried out to evaluate manufacturers' claims of having successfully improved the galling resistance of premium connections by electro-depositing a white bronze (45%Cu-55%Sn) alloy onto couplings manufactured from high-chrome materials. Galling resistance was measured by subjecting several test coupons plated with copper and various alloy compositions to a series of tests designed to generate high stresses to threaded surfaces. The paper also shows through experimentation how the correct amount of preload was achieved in a premium connection's gas-tight seal by applying a thin lubricating layer (also referred to as a protective film) to both pin and box threads.
Selective Placement of Fractures in Horizontal Wells in Offshore Brazil Demonstrates Effectiveness of HydraJet Stimulation Process
Authors: Surjaatmadja J. B. , Willett R. , McDaniel B. W. , Rosolen M. A. , de A. Franco M. L. , dos Santos F. C. Rodrigues , Fernandes P. D. , Carneiro F. A. S. , Bezerra de Lima B. , Cortes M. 
Published: June 2007

Summary
Cased cemented completions have not been the preferred horizon-tal-well completion method in offshore Brazil. Lower-cost solutions such as uncemented preperforated liners were often used in completing horizontal wells offshore and are usually very effective. Often, however, low production rates mean that stimulation treatments become necessary for many wells. The use of conventional stimulation technology has generally been ineffective for these completions, which posed a challenge for the operator to find an effective solution for continuing developments in some fields. These challenges included reevaluating the more expensive cased cemented completions to allow more effective options for future stimulation, as well as trying to find newer stimulation techniques that can be effective with lower-cost completions (noncemented liners).
In the attempt to find an economical yet effective stimulation solution, the operator chose to implement a unique and relatively new hydrajet stimulation technique that has a proven success rate in onshore applications. The technique can be applied in either sandstone or carbonate formations, which are commonplace in this field; therefore, stimulation plans in this area will include fracture acidizing as well as propped fracture stimulations that use a high concentration of proppants or curable resin-coated prop-pants (RCPs).
This paper discusses the early results of this investigation. Wells that were completed and evaluated using different completion schemes are reviewed.
Using Gradients To Refine Parameterization in Field-Case History-Matching Projects
Authors: Cominelli A. , Ferdinandi F. , de Montleau P. C. , Rossi R. 
Published: June 2007

Summary
Reservoir management is based on the prediction of reservoir performance by means of numerical-simulation models. Reliable predictions require that the numerical model mimic the production history. Therefore, the numerical model is modified to match the production data. This process is termed history matching (HM).
Form a mathematical viewpoint, HM is an optimization problem, where the target is to minimize an objective function quantifying the misfit between observed and simulated production data. One of the main problems in HM is the choice of an effective parameterization—a set of reservoir properties that can be plausibly altered to get a history-matched model. This issue is known as a parameter-identification problem, and its solution usually represents a significant step in HM projects.
In this paper, we propose a practical implementation of a multiscale approach aimed at identifying effective parameterizations in real-life HM problems. The approach requires the availability of gradient simulators capable of providing the user with derivatives of the objective function with respect to the parameters at hand. Objective-function derivatives can then be used in a multiscale setting to define a sequence of richer and richer parameterizations. At each step of the sequence, the matching of the production data is improved by means of a gradient-based optimization. The methodology was validated on a synthetic case and was applied to history match the simulation model of a North Sea oil reservoir.
The proposed methodology can be considered a practical solution for parameter-identification problems in many real cases until sound methodologies (primarily adaptive multiscale estimation of parameters) become available in commercial software programs.
Deepwater Extended-Reach Sand-Control Completions and Interventions
Authors: Pourciau Robert D. 
Published: June 2007

Summary
Extended-reach, naturally perforated, water-injection, frac-pack producing completions and frac-pack producing selective completion interventions were successfully implemented in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico Petronius field, setting both Gulf of Mexico and world records. Success was achieved through careful planning of procedures and specification of equipment. This paper describes the planning for these challenging extended-reach completion and intervention operations, along with the lessons learned while implementing these case-history jobs.
A New Extreme-HP/HT Viscometer for New Drilling-Fluid Challenges
Authors: Gusler William , Pless Marvin , Maxey Jason , Grover Patrick , Perez Jose , Moon Jeff , Boaz Todd 
Published: June 2007

Summary
Growing demand for natural gas in North America is driving the exploration and production industry to look for new resources in previously unexplored areas, and the deep Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf is currently attracting substantial attention. Several current deep-shelf high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells have anticipated bottomhole temperatures that significantly exceed the operating limits of existing measuring-while-drilling and logging-while-drilling (MWD/LWD) tools; therefore, down-hole annular-pressure measurements will not be available for pressure management. This leaves temperature and hydraulic models as the best, if not the only, source of downhole-pressure information for these wells. These models depend on accurate surface inputs and laboratory-measured fluid properties under downhole conditions. Unfortunately, these anticipated temperatures and pressures also exceed the operating limits of conventional HP/HT viscometers. This lack of measured fluid properties under these extreme conditions will severely limit the ability of hydraulic models to predict downhole pressures.
A new extreme-HP/HT (XHP/HT) concentric-cylinder viscometer was designed and built to fill this important technology gap for GOM deep-shelf HP/HT wells. The instrument is capable of measuring typical drilling-fluid viscosities up to 600°F (316°C) and 40,000 psig (276.0 MPa) and is capable of accurate property measurements for drilling fluids containing ferromagnetic materials. Subsequent verification and validation proved that the new viscometer compares favorably to commercially available field viscometers and more-sophisticated laboratory rheometers and therefore lends itself to widespread industry use. This paper reviews the development of the instrument and associated automated control system and explores health, safety, and environment (HSE) issues related to testing drilling fluids at these extreme conditions. The paper also presents results of verification and validation testing on invert-emulsion drilling fluids.
Analysis of Chalk Petrophysical Properties by Means of Submicron-Scale Pore Imaging and Modeling
Authors: Tomutsa Liviu , Silin Dmitriy , Radmilovic Velimir 
Published: June 2007

Summary
For many rocks of high economic interest such as chalk, diatomite, shale, tight gas sands, or coal, a submicron-scale resolution is needed to resolve the 3D pore structure, which controls the flow and trapping of fluids in the rocks. Such a resolution cannot be achieved with existing tomographic technologies. A new 3D imaging method based on serial sectioning, which uses the focused-ion-beam (FIB) technology, has been developed. FIB technology allows for the milling of layers as thin as 10 nm by using accelerated gallium (Ga+) ions to sputter atoms from the sample surface. After each milling step, as a new surface is exposed, a 2D image of this surface is generated, and the 2D images are stacked to reconstruct the 3D pore structure. Next, the maximum-inscribed-spheres (MIS) image-processing method computes the petrophysical properties by direct morphological analysis of the pore space. The computed capillary pressure curves agree well with laboratory data. Applied to the FIB data, this method generates the fluid distribution in the chalk pore space at various saturations.
Silencing of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor increases the sensitivity to apoptosis and inhibits invasion in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Dong Aiqiang , Kong Minjian , Qian Jianfang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), which is over-expressed or activated in many human cancers, including lung cancer, mediates cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Several studies indicate that blocking IGF-1R expression can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In this study, inhibition of the endogenous IGF-1R by recombinant adenoviruses encoding short hairpin RNAs against IGF-1R was found to significantly suppress IGF-1R expression, arrest the cell cycle, enhance the apoptotic response, and inhibit proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration in A549 cells. Moreover, silencing IGF-1R decreases the expression of invasive-related genes including matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA), and the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. These results suggest that the silencing of IGF-1R has the potential to be an effective cancer gene therapy strategy for human lung cancer.
Tracking chromatin states using controlled DNase I treatment and real-time PCR
Authors: Martins Rui , Platts Adrian , Krawetz Stephen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel approach to DNase I-sensitivity analysis was applied to examining genes of the spermatogenic pathway, reflective of the substantial morphological and genomic changes that occur during this program of differentiation. A new real-time PCR-based strategy that considers the nuances of response to nuclease treatment was used to assess the nuclease susceptibility through differentiation. Data analysis was automated with the K-Lab PCR algorithm, facilitating the rapid analysis of multiple samples while eliminating the subjectivity usually associated with Ct analyses. The utility of this assay and analytical paradigm as applied to nuclease-sensitivity mapping is presented.
The differential expression of ribosomal 18S RNA paralog genes from the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera
Authors: Barthélémy Roxane-Marie , Grino Michel , Pontarotti Pierre , Casanova Jean-Paul , Faure Eric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChaetognaths constitute a small marine phylum of approximately 120 species. Two classes of both 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences have been evidenced in this phylum, even though significant intraindividual variation in the sequences of rRNA genes is unusual in animal genomes. These observations led to the hypothesis that this unusual genetic characteristic could play one or more physiological role(s). Using in situ hybridization on the frontal sections of the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera, we found that the 18S Class I genes are expressed in the whole body, with a strong expression throughout the gut epithelium, whereas the expression of the 18S Class II genes is restricted to the oocytes. Our results could suggest that the paralog products of the 18S Class I genes are probably the “housekeeping” 18S rRNAs, whereas those of class II would only be essential in specific tissues. These results provide support for the idea that each type of 18S paralog is important for specific cellular functions and is under the control of selective factors.
Companion d-algebras
Authors: Allen P. , Kim Hee , Neggers J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this paper we develop a theory of companion d-algebras in sufficient detail to demonstrate considerable parallelism with the theory of BCK-algebras as well as obtaining a collection of results of a novel type. Included among the latter are results on certain natural posets associated with companion d-algebras as well as constructions on Bin(X), the collection of binary operations on the set X, which permit construction of new companion d-algebras from companion d-algebras X also in natural ways.
Isometries and direct decompositions of pseudo MV-algebras
Authors: Jasem Milan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In the paper isometries in pseudo MV-algebras are investigated. It is shown that for every isometry f in a pseudo MV-algebra
$$\mathcal{A}$$
= (A, ⊕, −, ∼, 0, 1) there exists an internal direct decomposition
$$\mathcal{A} = \mathcal{B}^0 \times \mathcal{C}^0 $$
of
$$\mathcal{A}$$
with
$$\mathcal{C}^0 $$
commutative such that
$$f(0) = 1_{C^0 } $$
and
$$f(x) = x_{B^0 } \oplus (1_{C^0 } \odot (x_{C^0 } )^ - ) = x_{B^0 } \oplus (1_{C^0 } - x_{C^0 } )$$
for each x ∈ A.
On the other hand, if
$$\mathcal{A} = \mathcal{P}^0 \times \mathcal{Q}^0 $$
is an internal direct decomposition of a pseudo MV-algebra
$$\mathcal{A}$$
= (A, ⊕, −, ∼, 0, 1) with
$$\mathcal{Q}^0 $$
commutative, then the mapping g: A → A defined by
$$g(x) = x_{P^0 } \oplus (1_{Q^0 } - x_{Q^0 } )$$
is an isometry in
$$\mathcal{A}$$
and
$$g(0) = 1_{Q^0 } $$
.
The lower bound of number of solutions for the second order nonlinear boundary value problem via the root functions method
Authors: Somora Peter 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We consider a second order nonlinear differential equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Using the root functions method we prove a relation between the number of zeros of some variational solutions and the number of solutions of our boundary value problem which follows into a lower bound of the number of its solutions.
Oscillatory and asymptotic behaviour of a nonlinear second order neutral differential equation
Authors: Rath R. , Misra N. , Padhy L. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation and asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the second order neutral delay differential equation (NDDE)
$$\left[ {r(t)(y(t) - p(t)y(t - \tau ))'} \right]^\prime + q(t)G(y(h(t))) = 0$$
are obtained, where q, h ∈ C([0, ∞), ℝ) such that q(t) ≥ 0, r ∈ C
(1) ([0, ∞), (0, ∞)), p ∈ C ([0, ∞), ℝ), G ∈ C (ℝ, ℝ) and τ ∈ ℝ+. Since the results of this paper hold when r(t) ≡ 1 and G(u) ≡ u, therefore it extends, generalizes and improves some known results.
On a class of difference sequences related to the ℓp space defined by Orlicz functions
Authors: Tripathy Binod , Mahanta Sabita 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this article we introduce the difference sequence space m(M, Δ, φ) using the Orlicz function. We study its different properties like solidity, completeness etc. Also we obtain some inclusion relations involving the space m(M, Δ, φ).
Vector valued paranormed statistically convergent double sequence spaces
Authors: Tripathy Binod , Sarma Bipul 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this article we introduce the vector valued paranormed sequence spaces
$${}_2\overline c (q,p), {}_2\overline c _0 (q,p), ({}_2\overline c )^B (q,p), ({}_2\overline c _0 )^B (q,p), ({}_2\overline c )^R (q,p)$$
and
$$({}_2\overline c _0 )^R (q,p)$$
defined over a seminormed space (X,q). We study their different properties like completeness, solidness, symmetry, convergence freeness etc. We prove some inclusion results.