bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox‐Active p‐Quinone‐Based Bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane Ligands: Synthesis and Coordination Behaviour
Authors: Scheuermann Sebastian , Kretz Tonia , Vitze Hannes , Bats Jan W. , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe synthesis, structural characterisation and coordination behaviour of mono‐ and ditopic p‐hydroquinone‐based bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane ligands is described (i.e., 2‐(pz2CH)C6H3(OH)2 (2 a), 2‐(pz2CH)‐6‐(tBu)C6H2(OH)2 (2 b), 2‐(pz2CH)‐6‐(tBu)C6H2(OSiiPr3)(OH) (2 c), 2,5‐(pz2CH)2C6H2(OH)2 (4)). Ligands 2 a, 2 b and 4 can be oxidised to their p‐benzoquinone state on a preparative scale (2 aox, 2 box, 4ox). An octahedral NiII complex [trans‐Ni(2 c)2] and square‐planar PdII complexes [Pd2 bCl2] and [Pd2 boxCl2] have been prepared. In the two PdII species, the ligands are coordinated only through their pyrazolyl rings. The fact that [Pd2 bCl2] and [Pd2 boxCl2] are isolable compounds proves that redox transitions involving the p‐quinone substituent are fully reversible. In [Pd2 boxCl2], the methine proton is highly acidic and can be abstracted with bases as weak as NEt3. The resulting anion dimerises to give a dinuclear macrocyclic PdII complex, which has been structurally characterised. The methylated ligand 2‐(pz2CMe)C6H3O2 (11ox) and its PdII complex [Pd11oxCl2] are base‐stable. A new class of redox‐active ligands is now available with the potential for applications both in catalysis and in materials science.
Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of the Human CCR2 Receptor
Authors: Doyon Julien , Coesemans Erwin , Boeckx Staf , Buntinx Mieke , Hermans Bart , Van Wauwe Jean P. , Gilissen Ron A. H. J. , De Groot Alex H. J. , Corens David , Van Lommen Guy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe recently reported the discovery of a series of 2‐thioimidazoles as CCR2 antagonists. The most potent molecules of this series, the 4,5‐diesters, were rapidly hydrolyzed to the inactive acids and were found to be metabolically unstable. Herein we describe the synthesis of a number of analogues with heterocyclic bioisosteric replacements of the ester group(s). Small 5‐membered heterocyclic substituents at the 4‐position gave highly potent CCR2 antagonists. Hydrolysis of the 5‐ester is diminished, thus imparting these compounds with sufficient stability and systemic exposure after oral administration to warrant further study of the in vivo pharmacology of these functional CCR2 inhibitors.
The clinical management of patients with a small volume of prostatic cancer on biopsy: What are the risks of progression?
Authors: Harnden Patricia , Naylor Brian , Shelley Michael D. , Clements Hayley , Coles Bernadette , Mason Malcolm D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractClinically localized prostate cancer is associated with a wide variation in biologic behavior, and men with the less aggressive form of the disease may never develop symptoms. There has been a rise in prostate cancer incidence in countries in which the blood test for prostatic‐specific antigen (PSA) is common, and concerns have been expressed that this may be because of the increased detection of indolent disease, subjecting these men to unnecessary treatment and associated side effects. For the current review, the authors conducted a systematic evaluation of the literature regarding the outcomes of men who were diagnosed on the basis of a small volume of cancer in prostatic biopsies. The results indicated that, despite differences in study design and reporting, a significant proportion of patients with microfocal cancer, regardless of how it was defined, had adverse pathologic findings and a significant risk of PSA recurrence after undergoing radical prostatectomy. Biochemical and clinical recurrences also were observed after radiotherapy or watchful waiting. The authors concluded that patients with microfocal carcinoma on biopsy should be advised that their disease is not necessarily “insignificant” and should be counseled accordingly. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Lymph node‐positive head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy
Authors: Yeung Anamaria R. , Liauw Stanley L. , Amdur Robert J. , Mancuso Anthony A. , Hinerman Russell W. , Morris Christopher G. , Villaret Douglas B. , Werning John W. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose was to determine if postradiotherapy (RT) neck dissection can be limited to the neck levels of residual adenopathy on post‐RT computed tomography (CT).METHODSIn all, 274 patients with lymph node‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated with definitive RT. All patients had a contrast‐enhanced CT performed 4 weeks after completing RT to evaluate tumor response. Two hundred eleven heminecks were dissected, either planned pre‐RT or because of residual adenopathy on post‐RT CT. CT images were reviewed to determine the presence and location of residual adenopathy. Radiographic complete response (rCR) was defined as lymph node size ≤1.5 cm and normal radiographic morphology (no filling defects or calcifications). For each neck level the CT findings were correlated with neck dissection pathology.RESULTSCorrelation of CT nodal response with neck dissection pathology revealed the following negative predictive values of rCR: level I, 100%; level II, 95%; level III, 98%; level IV, 96%; and level V, 96%. A subset analysis was performed on 61 neck levels with initially positive lymph nodes that completely responded to RT that were in a hemineck with residual lymphadenopathy elsewhere in the neck. Correlation of nodal response on CT to pathology indicated a negative predictive value of an rCR of 95% for this high‐risk scenario. In 71 heminecks that underwent a selective neck dissection (defined as dissection of less than levels I‐V) the 5‐year neck control rate was 100%.CONCLUSIONSrCR on post‐RT CT has a negative predictive value of ≥95% for each neck level. This suggests that limiting neck dissection based on post‐RT CT is safe. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Exclusive Production of Chloroaniline from Chloronitrobenzene over Au/TiO2 and Au/Al2O3
Authors: Cárdenas‐Lizana Fernando , Gómez‐Quero Santiago , Keane Mark A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe gas‐phase continuous hydrogenation of p‐chloronitrobenzene (p‐CNB) over 1  mol % Au/TiO2 and Au/Al2O3 was compared for the first time. Both catalysts exhibit 100 % selectivity in terms of ‐NO2 group reduction, resulting in the sole formation of p‐chloroaniline (p‐CAN). Au/TiO2 exhibited a narrower particle size (1–10 nm) distribution than Au/Al2O3 (1–20 nm) and a smaller surface‐area‐weighted mean Au size (6 nm versus 9 nm). Au/TiO2 delivered a higher specific hydrogenation rate (by a factor of up to four), a response that is discussed in terms of Au particle size and a possible contribution of the support to p‐CNB activation. A CNB isomer reactivity sequence was established, that is, o>p>m, which is attributed to resonance stabilisation effects. The results presented establish a basis for the development of a sustainable alternative route for the production of haloamines.
Energetic N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraaminopiperazinium Salts
Authors: Gao Haixiang , Huang Yangen , Twamley Brendan , Ye Chengfeng , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe formation of tetraaminopiperazinium salts using water as solvent provides a green, straightforward approach to highly energetic salts that exhibit good thermal stabilities and moderate densities. The N,N,N′,N′‐tetraaminopiperazinium cation was selected for this study because of its high nitrogen–nitrogen bond content and its high positive heat of formation. Theoretical and empirical calculations on energetic salts based on this nitrogen‐rich cation reveal them to have high positive molar enthalpies of formation, as high as 1034.0 kJ mol−1, supporting the application of these new salts as potential energetic materials.
Granular activated carbon coupled with microwave energy for treating pentachlorophenol‐containing wastewater
Authors: Jou Chih‐Ju , Wu Chung‐Rung 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe combined adsorption by granular activated carbon (GAC) and thermal treatment by microwave energy were used to treat pentachlorophenol (PCP)‐containing wastewater. GAC was used to adsorb and concentration PCP from the aqueous solution; the exhausted GAC was then subject to microwave treatment. The microwave energy, which is readily absorbed by GAC, can be transformed into heat inside the particles because of dipole rotation and ionic conduction; the resulting heat is capable of desorbing PCP. Results of laboratory studies show that if 1 g GAC was used to adsorb PCP from a 0.5 mL solution containing 1000 mg/L PCP and the exhausted GAC was subject to 600 W microwave energy for 100 s, more than 99% PCP can be destroyed. The PCP was decomposed into intermediate products such as benzene and other forms of radicals or hydrocarbon compounds, which are then oxidized into inorganic end products, e.g., H2O, CO2, and HCl. The results obtained in this research will promote the understanding of this innovative process of applying the microwave energy to decompose the adsorbed PCP and reuse GAC in treating PCP‐containing wastewater. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
CO‐Free Hydrogen Production by Ethanol Steam Reforming in a Pd–Ag Membrane Reactor
Authors: Basile A. , Gallucci F. , Iulianelli A. , Tosti S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work, the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) reaction has been studied by using a dense Pd–Ag membrane reactor (MR) by varying the water/ethanol molar ratio between 3:1 and 9:1 in a temperature range of 300–400 °C and at 1.3 bar as reaction pressure. The MR was packed with a commercial Ru‐based catalyst and a constant sweep gas flow rate in counter current mode was used. The influence of the temperature and the feed molar ratio on different parameters such as the ethanol conversion, the hydrogen production, the hydrogen yield and the CO‐free hydrogen recovery has been evaluated.
Two‐Phase 1D+1D Model of a DMFC: Development and Validation on Extensive Operating Conditions Range
Authors: Casalegno A. , Marchesi R. , Parenti D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA two‐phase 1D+1D model of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is developed, considering overall mass balance, methanol transport in gas phase through anode diffusion layer, methanol and water crossover. The model is quantitatively validated on an extensive range of operating conditions, 24 polarisation curves. The model accurately reproduces DMFC performance in the validation range and, outside this, it is able to predict values under feasible operating conditions. Finally, the estimations of methanol crossover flux are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to experimental measures and the main local quantities' trends are coherent with results obtained with more complex models.
Quantitative analysis of gene expression in human articular chondrocytes assigned for autologous implantation
Authors: Barlič Ariana , Drobnič Matej , Maličev Elvira , Kregar‐Velikonja Nevenka 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAutologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) relies on the implantation of in vitro expanded cells. The aim was to study the dedifferentiation of human articular chondrocytes under different cultivating conditions [days 0–10 in the primary culture (P0); passages in a monolayer from P0 to P3; monolayer vs. alginate and monolayer vs. alginate/agarose hydrogels] using real‐time PCR analysis. The relative gene expressions for collagen type I and II, aggrecan and versican were quantified and the corresponding differentiation indexes (Col2/Col1, Agr/Ver) were calculated. The values of both differentiation indexes decreased exponentially with time in the P0 monolayer culture, and continued with a significant decrease over the subsequent monolayer passages. On the contrary, the chondrocytes seeded in either of the hydrogels significantly increased the indexes compared to their parallel monolayer cultures. These results indicate that alginate and alginate/agarose hydrogels offer an appropriate environment for human articular chondrocytes to redifferentiate after being expanded in vitro. Therefore the three‐dimensional (3D) hydrogel chondrocyte cultures present not only surgical, but also biological advantage over the classic suspension–periosteum chondrocyte implantation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:847–853, 2008
Embedding vector‐valued Besov spaces into spaces of γ ‐radonifying operators
Authors: Kalton Nigel , van Neerven Jan , Mark Mark , Weis Lutz 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt is shown that a Banach space E has type p if and only for some (all) d ≥ 1 the Besov space B(1/p – 1/2)d p,p (ℝd ; E) embeds into the space γ (L2(ℝd ), E) of γ ‐radonifying operators L2(ℝd ) → E. A similar result characterizing cotype q is obtained. These results may be viewed as E ‐valued extensions of the classical Sobolev embedding theorems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abnormal metabolic networks in atypical parkinsonism
Authors: Eckert Thomas , Tang Chengke , Ma Yilong , Brown Nathaniel , Lin Tanya , Frucht Steven , Feigin Andrew , Eidelberg David 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSpatial covariance analysis has been used with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET to detect and quantify specific metabolic patterns associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, PD‐related patterns cannot necessarily serve as biomarkers of the processes that underlie the atypical parkinsonian syndromes. In this FDG PET study, we used strictly defined statistical criteria to identify disease‐related metabolic patterns in the imaging data from patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the two most common of these atypical conditions. We found that MSA and PSP were each associated with a specific, highly stable metabolic brain network (P < 0.0001, bootstrap estimation). The MSA‐related pattern was characterized by decreased metabolism in the putamen and cerebellum. The PSP‐related pattern was characterized by metabolic decreases in the brainstem and medial frontal cortex. For both conditions, pattern expression was significantly elevated in patients relative to age‐matched healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). For each condition, we validated the associated disease‐related metabolic pattern by computing its expression on an individual scan basis in two independent patient cohorts, and in one subsequent healthy volunteer cohort. We found that for both MSA and PSP, prospective assessments of pattern expression accurately discriminated patients from controls (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the major atypical parkinsonian syndromes are associated with distinct patterns of abnormal regional metabolic activity. These disease‐related networks can potentially be used in conjunction with functional brain imaging as quantifiable biomarkers for the assessment of these pathological conditions. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Inconsistencies between reported test statistics and p‐values in two psychiatry journals
Authors: Berle David , Starcevic Vladan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA recent survey of the British Medical Journal (BMJ) and Nature revealed that inconsistencies in reported statistics were common. We sought to replicate that survey in the psychiatry literature. We checked the consistency of reported t‐test, F‐test and χ2‐test values with their corresponding p‐values in the 2005 issues of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (ANZJP) and compared this with the issues of the ANZJP from 2000, and with a similar journal, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (APS). A reported p‐value was ‘inconsistent’ if it differed (at its reported number of decimal places) from our calculated p‐values (using three different software packages), which we based on the reported test statistic and degrees of freedom. Of the 546 results that we checked, 78 (14.3%) of the p‐values were inconsistent with the corresponding degrees of freedom and test statistic. Similar rates of inconsistency were found in APS and ANZJP, and when comparing the ANZJP between 2000 and 2005. The percentages of articles with at least one inconsistency were 8.5% for ANZJP 2005, 9.9% for ANZJP 2000 and 12.1% for APS. We conclude that inconsistencies in p‐values are common and may reflect errors of analysis and rounding, typographic errors or typesetting errors. Suggestions for reducing the occurrence of such inconsistencies are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using decision theory to derive optimal cut‐off scores of screening instruments: an illustration explicating costs and benefits of mental health screening
Authors: Smits Niels , Smit Filip , Cuijpers Pim , De Graaf Ron 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper shows how decision theory can be used to determine optimal cut‐off scores on mental health screeners. The procedure uses (a) the costs and benefits of correct and erroneous decisions, and (b) the rates of correct and erroneous decisions as a function of the cut‐off score. Using this information, for each cut‐off point expected costs are calculated. The cut‐off point with the lowest expected costs is the optimal cut‐off score. An illustration is given in which the General Health Questionnaire is employed as a major depression screener. Optimal cut‐off points are determined for four different contexts: patients, health service providers, society, and mental health researchers. As in these four situations different costs are encountered, different optimal cut‐off points were found. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful pregnancy after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for carrier of t(2;7)(p11.2;q22) with high rates of unbalanced sperm and embryos: a case report
Authors: Wiland Ewa , Hobel Calvin J. , Hill David , Kurpisz Maciej 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundRegarding the literature on the results of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in reciprocal chromosomal translocation carriers seems to prevail a view that this method reduces the frequency of miscarriages, and the pregnancy rate is directly proportional to the number of normal spermatozoa. Therefore, we compared the results of sperm karyotype analysis of a carrier of familial t(2;7)(p11.2;q22) with PGD results. The carrier was ascertained as his wife had had two miscarriages.MethodsEmpirical data from a pedigree of t(2;7)(p11.2;q22) carrier was collected. A tri‐color fluorescence in situ hybridization method (FISH) was used to show the meiotic segregation pattern in sperm of the proband. PGD of blastomeres from a single ICSI cycle and standard prenatal diagnosis procedures to confirm the PGD results was performed.ResultsMeiotic segregation pattern showed only 34.2% of normal/balanced spermatozoa. The high rate (42%) of miscarriages was observed in this family, which could be explained by chromosomal unbalanced karyotypes as a product of fertilization by unbalanced spermatozoa found with a frequency of approximately 66%. The lack of unbalanced progeny at birth suggests a natural selection of unbalanced fetuses. The 37.5% of normal/balanced embryos received after a single ICSI cycle and PGD was similar to the percentage of normal/balanced spermatozoa (34.2%). After 38 weeks a healthy girl with normal karyotype was born.ConclusionThe presented study is an optimistic message for translocation carriers showing that even in case with more than 60% of genetically unbalanced sperm there is a reasonable chance for reproductive success. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of Roberts syndrome and detection of an ESCO2 frameshift mutation in a Pakistani family
Authors: Schulz Solveig , Gerloff Claudia , Ledig Susanne , Langer Dorothea , Volleth Mariannne , Shirneshan Katayoon , Wieacker Peter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectivesWe report two siblings with Roberts syndrome (RBS), and an attempt to delineate the underlying molecular mechanism leading to familial recurrence.MethodsCytogenetic studies and direct sequencing of the ESCO2 gene were carried out in the second affected fetus and the parents. Fetal DNA was obtained from amniocytes after amniocentesis. Parental DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples.ResultsCytogenetic analysis of amniocytes revealed a normal male karyotype in 20 analyzed metaphases and chromosomal aneuploidies in 10 metaphases. All metaphases displayed premature separation of centromeres and puffing of heterochromatic regions near the centromere. A homozygous mutation leading to a frameshift in ESCO2 was identified in the fetal DNA sample. Both parents are heterozygous carriers of the same mutation.ConclusionThe present case demonstrates the prenatal diagnosis of RBS associated with a frameshift mutation in ESCO2. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic assessment of the extra‐abdominal fetal small bowel in gastroschisis: a retrospective longitudinal study in relation to prenatal complications
Authors: Heinig J. , Müller V. , Schmitz R. , Lohse K. , Klockenbusch W. , Steinhard J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveAn explorative retrospective study following a case‐series of fetuses with isolated gastroschisis, to evaluate if small‐bowel dilatation may be indicative for emerging obstetric complications. The secondary aim was to establish preliminary normative curves for the external diameter and wall thickness of eventerated fetal small bowel in gastroschisis during the second and third trimester of pregnancy.Methods and MaterialsFourteen fetuses with isolated gastroschisis were followed at a single center. Repeated ultrasound examinations for fetal surveillance with measurement of fetal small‐bowel diameter and wall thickness over the course of pregnancy until delivery were performed.ResultsLongitudinal data analysis showed significantly increasing bowel diameter and wall thickness of eventerated small bowel with advancing gestation. Dilatation of small bowel more than 25 mm in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of short‐term prenatal complications as fetal distress or intrauterine fetal death (PPV 100%; 95% CI: 29.2–100%, NPV 100%; 95% CI: 71.5–100%).ConclusionsDilatation of the extra‐abdominal fetal small bowel in the third trimester may allow identifying fetuses with increased risk of fetal distress requiring closer monitoring of fetal well‐being or delivery in a short interval to prevent impending fetal death. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.