bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying marine invasion threats and management priorities through introduction pathway analysis in a remote sub‐Antarctic ecosystem
Authors: Bayley Daniel T. I. , Brewin Paul E. , James Ross , McCarthy Arlie H. , Brickle Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe threat from novel marine species introductions is a global issue. When non‐native marine species are introduced to novel environments and become invasive, they can affect biodiversity, industry, ecosystem function, and both human and wildlife health. Isolated areas with sensitive or highly specialised endemic species can be particularly impacted. The global increase in the scope of tourism and other human activities, together with a rapidly changing climate, now put these remote ecosystems under threat. In this context, we analyse invasion pathways into South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) for marine non‐native species via vessel biofouling. The SGSSI archipelago has high biodiversity and endemism, and has historically been highly isolated from the South American mainland. The islands sit just below the Polar Front temperature boundary, affording some protection against introductions. However, the region is now warming and SGSSI increasingly acts as a gateway port for vessel traffic into the wider Antarctic, amplifying invasion likelihood. We use remote Automatic Identification System vessel‐tracking data over a 2‐year period to map vessel movement and behaviour around South Georgia, and across the ‘Scotia Sea’, ‘Magellanic’ and northern ‘Continental High Antarctic’ ecoregions. We find multiple vessel types from locations across the globe frequently now enter shallow inshore waters and stop for prolonged periods (weeks/months) at anchor. Vessels are active throughout the year and stop at multiple port hubs, frequently crossing international waters and ecoregions. Management recommendations to reduce marine invasion likelihood within SGSSI include initiating benthic and hull monitoring at the identified activity/dispersion hubs of King Edward Point, Bay of Isles, Gold Harbour, St Andrews Bay and Stromness Bay. More broadly, regional collaboration and coordination is necessary at neighbouring international ports. Here vessels need increased pre‐ and post‐arrival biosecurity assessment following set protocols, and improved monitoring of hulls for biofouling to pre‐emptively mitigate this threat.
Association between left‐sided varicocele and epididymo‐orchitis with sonographic findings
Authors: Atay Musa , Toprak Huseyin , Akcay Ahmet , Mehdi Elnur , Yilmaz Mehmet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between left‐sided varicocele and epididymitis or epididymo‐orchitis.Materials and MethodsThe study included 72 patients with left side epididymitis (EP) or epididymo‐orchitis (EPO) (Group 1) and a control group of 72 patients without EP or EPO (Group 2). Those with right EP‐EPO were excluded due to possible other underlying retroperitoneal pathologies causing varicocele. Groups were evaluated for presence of left side varicocele, varicocele grade and pampiniform plexus vein diameter.ResultsThe average age was 38 ± 8.4 years (range, 18–50 years) in Group 1, and 36 ± 9.1 years (range, 16–47 years) in Group 2. Varicocele was significantly more common in patients with EP or EPO (p < 0.001). The rate of varicocele was 66.7% (48/72) in Group 1, and 22.3% (16/72) in Group 2. The median grade of varicocele was 2 in Group 1, and 0 in Group 2. Pampiniform plexus vein diameters were found to be significantly larger in patients with EP or EPO compare to patients without EP and EPO. The median vein diameter was 3.3 mm with the 25th and 75th percentiles at 2.7 and 3.8 mm, and was 1.9 mm with the 25th and 75th percentiles at 1.7 and 2.3 mm, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsLeft‐sided varicocele was significantly more common in patients with EP or EPO and it is an important cause for the development of EP/EPO because of chronic venous stasis.
Imaging of adeno‐associated viral capsids for purposes of gene editing using CEST NMR/MRI
Authors: Lam Bonnie , Velasquez Mark , Ogiyama Tomoko , Godines Kevin , Szu Fan‐Yun , Velasquez‐Mao A. J. , AlGhuraibawi Wissam , Wang Jingshen , Messersmith Phillip B. , Vandsburger Moriel H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeGene therapy using adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector‐mediated gene delivery has undergone substantial growth in recent years with promising results in both preclinical and clinical studies, as well as emerging regulatory approval. However, the inability to quantify the efficacy of gene therapy from cellular delivery of gene‐editing technology to specific functional outcomes is an obstacle for efficient development of gene therapy treatments. Building on prior works that used the CEST reporter gene lysine rich protein, we hypothesized that AAV viral capsids may generate endogenous CEST contrast from an abundance of surface lysine residues.MethodsNMR experiments were performed on isolated solutions of AAV serotypes 1–9 on a Bruker 800‐MHz vertical scanner. In vitro experiments were performed for testing of CEST‐NMR contrast of AAV2 capsids under varying pH, density, biological transduction stage, and across multiple serotypes and mixed biological media. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify virus concentration. Subsequent experiments at 7 T optimized CEST saturation schemes for AAV contrast detection and detected AAV2 particles encapsulated in a biocompatible hydrogel administered in the hind limb of mice.ResultsCEST‐NMR experiments revealed CEST contrast up to 52% for AAV2 viral capsids between 0.6 and 0.8 ppm. CEST contrast generated by AAV2 demonstrated high levels of CEST contrast across a variety of chemical environments, concentrations, and saturation schemes. AAV2 CEST contrast displayed significant positive correlations with capsid density (R2 > 0.99, p < 0.001), pH (R2 = 0.97, p = 0.01), and viral titer per cell count (R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001). Transition to a preclinical field strength yielded up to 11.8% CEST contrast following optimization of saturation parameters. In vivo detection revealed statistically significant molecular contrast between viral and empty hydrogels using both mean values (4.67 ± 0.75% AAV2 vs. 3.47 ± 0.87% empty hydrogel, p = 0.02) and quantile analysis.ConclusionAAV2 viral capsids exhibit strong capacity as an endogenous CEST contrast agent and can potentially be used for monitoring and evaluation of AAV vector‐mediated gene therapy protocols.
Mediated trust, the internet and artificial intelligence: Ideas, interests, institutions and futures
Authors: Flew Terry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of trust in communication, or mediated trust, with regard to the historical evolution of the Internet and, more recently, debates around the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI). At a conceptual level, it proposes a ‘Three I's’ framework of ideas, interests, and institutions as a way of understanding how and why current proposals for greater regulation of digital platforms counterpose questions around credibility and social licence for digital tech giants against a dominant set of ideas around the Internet as a privileged domain of free speech. By contrast, the rise of AI comes at a time when data‐driven business models associated with dominant platform businesses are in the ascendancy, so institutional arrangements need to be considered as a form of countervailing power to the capacity of tech giants to use AI to further consolidate forms of economic, political and communications power.
Relationship between stigma and infertility‐related stress among couples undergoing AID: The mediating role of communication patterns
Authors: Wang Qing , Jia Dongmei , Gao Yiming , Zhou Miao , Zhao Xiangyu , Qin Rui , Kong Linghua , Li Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInfertility can be stressful for infertile couples. This study aims to examine the intra‐dyadic associations between stigma, communication patterns, and infertility‐related stress in couples undergoing artificial insemination by donor semen (AID). This cross‐sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021. Two hundred and three couples undergoing AID were recruited from a reproductive centre in China. All of the couples completed a two‐item stigma questionnaire, Communication Pattern Questionnaire, and Fertility Problem Inventory. The actor‐partner interdependence mediation analysis was performed using AMOS 23.0. The analysis demonstrated significant actor–actor effects for couples undergoing AID. More specifically, higher levels of stigma among wives and husbands were associated with more negative communication patterns, thereby increasing their own infertility‐related stress. Simultaneously, there was a significant partner–actor effect among infertile wives, demonstrating that the husband's stigma can affect his wife's infertility‐related stress by influencing her communication patterns. Couples undergoing AID experience increased infertility‐related stress when they have high levels of stigma and negative communication patterns, and husbands' stigma is correlated to wives' communication patterns. Therefore, dyadic interventions aiming to improving stigma and enhancing positive communication may be conducive to reducing infertility‐related stress.
A machine learning approach for predicting textbook outcome after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Ashraf Ganjouei Amir , Romero‐Hernandez Fernanda , Wang Jaeyun Jane , Hamed Ahmed , Alaa Ahmed , Bartlett David , Alseidi Adnan , Choudry Mohammad Haroon , Adam Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeritoneal carcinomatosis is considered a late‐stage manifestation of neoplastic diseases. Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS‐HIPEC) can be an effective treatment for these patients. However, the procedure is associated with significant morbidity. Our aim was to develop a machine learning model to predict the probability of achieving textbook outcome (TO) after CRS‐HIPEC using only preoperatively known variables.MethodsAdult patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and who underwent CRS‐HIPEC were included from a large, single‐center, prospectively maintained dataset (2001–2020). TO was defined as a hospital length of stay ≤14 days and no postoperative adverse events including any complications, reoperation, readmission, and mortality within 90 days. Four models (logistic regression, neural network, random forest, and XGBoost) were trained, validated, and a user‐friendly risk calculator was then developed.ResultsA total of 1954 CRS‐HIPEC procedures for peritoneal carcinomatosis were included. Overall, 13% (n = 258) achieved TO following CRS‐HIPEC procedure. XGBoost and logistic regression had the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.76) after model optimization, followed by random forest (AUC 0.75) and neural network (AUC 0.74). The top preoperative variables associated with achieving a TO were lower peritoneal cancer index scores, not undergoing proctectomy, splenectomy, or partial colectomy and being asymptomatic from peritoneal metastases prior to surgery.ConclusionThis is a data‐driven study to predict the probability of achieving TO after CRS‐HIPEC. The proposed pipeline has the potential to not only identify patients for whom surgery is not associated with prohibitive risk, but also aid surgeons in communicating this risk to patients.
Position of the centroid of a planar convex body
Authors: Lassak Marek 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is well known that any planar convex body A permits to inscribe an affine-regular hexagon $$H_A$$

H
A

. We prove that the centroid of A belongs to the homothetic image of $$H_A$$

H
A

with ratio $$\frac{4}{21}$$

4
21

and the center in the center of $$H_A$$

H
A

. This ratio cannot be decreased.
Predictors of significant distress in cervical cancer patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Schmitt Friederike , Najjari Laila , Kupec Tomas , Stickeler Elmar , Meinhold-Heerlein Ivo , Wittenborn Julia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This cross-sectional study aims to investigate parameters that predict relevant levels of distress in women in a perioperative setting undergoing treatment for cervical cancer.

Materials and methods
Data from 495 patients with cervical cancer that were treated at the university hospital Aachen between 2010 and 2022 were analysed based on their respective National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer score (DT) and Problem List (PL) and their clinical history. 105 patients were enrolled in the study. 18 medical and demographic variables were analysed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Three variables contributed significantly to the prediction of a DT score ≥ 5. Significant distress was defined as a DT score of ≥ 5, which was observed in 70.5% of the participants (mean: 5.58 ± 2.892). Women who chose to receive psycho-oncological counselling were more likely to have a DT score ≥ 5 (Odds Ratio(OR) = 3.323; Confidence Interval (CI95%): 1.241–8.900; p-value: 0.017). In addition, women who did not receive chemoradiation had significantly higher DT scores (OR = 3.807; CI 95%:1.185–12.236; p-value: 0.025), as did women whose Distress Thermometer was assessed in the first month after their initial diagnosis (OR = 3.967; CI 95%:1.167–13.486; p-value: 0.027).

Conclusion
Increased distress in women with cervical cancer is common especially in the first month after diagnosis, in patients who do not receive chemoradiation and in patients who seek psycho-oncological counselling. Surgical factors do not play a major role in patient distress.
Does the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and its serum IgG levels affect fertility treatments and obstetric outcomes? An observational cohort study
Authors: Miller Netanella Danielli , Goren Gepstein Nitzan , Cohen Dovev , Haikin Herzberger Einat , Shalev Ram Hila , Mashiach Friedler Jordana , Sharon Weiner Maya , Rahav Roni , Indenbaum Victoria , Lustig Yaniv , Wiser Amir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Although there are some data regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, its potential impact in terms of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels has not been evaluated prospectively. This study aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccine and IgG levels on IVF outcomes.

Methods
This observational, cohort study was conducted at a referral IVF unit. Couples undergoing IVF treatment during the COVID-19 vaccination period were recruited from March–April 2021. The study compared 38 women who had received the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccination to 10 women who had not and were not infected by the virus. We also compared pre- and post-vaccination IVF treatments for 24 women. The relation between serologic titers and IVF treatment outcomes was also assessed.

Results
No significant difference was found between the vaccinated and unvaccinated/uninfected groups regarding the main outcome measures. However, there was a trend toward a higher pregnancy rate for the unvaccinated group (57% vs. 23%, p = 0.078) but no difference in delivery rate (p = 0.236), gestational week (p = 0.537) or birth rate (p = 0.671).

Conclusion
We cautiously state that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine does not affect fertility outcomes, including fertilization, pregnancy and delivery rates, obstetric outcomes, and semen parameters, regardless of measured IgG levels.
Flow Topology of the Bi-Stable Wake States for the DrivAer Fastback Model
Authors: Aultman Matthew , Duan Lian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor this work, conditional averaging and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) were used to analyze the salient three-dimensional structures in the wake of a DrivAer fastback model with smooth underbody. Conditional averaging revealed that the bi-stable structure of the wake consists of a ring-like structure with three vortex legs, which includes a vortex pair on the side associated with the bi-stability and one on the opposite side associated with the wheel vortex. POD revealed the entrainment of low-momentum fluid from the wheel wake into the vortex pair leads to an induced spanwise crossflow which drives a feedback loop for the bi-stability. The resultant bi-stable structure was dependent on the state of the wheels. With stationary wheels, the feedback mechanism is enhanced, leading to higher spanwise crossflow that breaks the ring-like vortex. A different structure was observed when the wheels rotate, wherein the ring-like structure is unbroken and pierced by the vortex pair. The feedback mechanism and resultant vortex structure are similar to those found in simplified square-back models. Given the similarity in bi-stability between realistic and simplified vehicles, the suppression of the bi-stability in realistic vehicles could initially be based on the same mechanism as that for simplified square-back models.
Continued decline in the incidence of myocardial infarction beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study of the Swedish population aged 60 and older during 2015–2022
Authors: Meyer Anna C. , Ebeling Marcus , Acosta Enrique , Modig Karin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe number of myocardial infarctions declined during the early COVID-19 pandemic but mechanisms behind these declines are poorly understood. COVID-19 infection is also associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction which could lead to higher incidence rates in the population. This study aims to shed light on the seemingly paradoxical relationship between COVID-19 and myocardial infarction occurrence on the population level by exploring long-term trends in incidence rates, case fatality, and proportion of patients dying before reaching a hospital. Our work is based on a linkage of administrative registers covering the entire population aged 60 + in Sweden. Considering both long-term trends since 2015 and seasonal variability, we compared observed incidence, case fatality, and proportions of patients hospitalized to expected values during 2020–2022. Despite more than 200 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases per 1000 inhabitants by the end of 2022, incidence rates of myocardial infarction continued to decline, thus following the long-term trend observed already before 2020. During the first pandemic wave there was an additional incidence decline corresponding to 13% fewer myocardial infarctions than expected. This decline was neither accompanied by increasing case fatality nor by lower shares of patients being hospitalized. We found no increase in the population-level incidence of myocardial infarction despite large-scale exposure to COVID-19, which suggests that the effect of COVID-19 on myocardial infarction risk is not substantial. Increased pressure on the Swedish health care system has not led to increased risks or poorer outcomes for patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction.
Limiting Access to Certain Anonymous Information: From the Group Right to Privacy to the Principle of Protecting the Vulnerable
Authors: Asgarinia Haleh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn issue about the privacy of the clustered groups designed by algorithms arises when attempts are made to access certain pieces of information about those groups that would likely be used to harm them. Therefore, limitations must be imposed regarding accessing such information about clustered groups. In the discourse on group privacy, it is argued that the right to privacy of such groups should be recognised to respect group privacy, protecting clustered groups against discrimination. According to this viewpoint, this right places a duty on others, for example, private companies, institutions, and governments, to refrain from accessing such information. To defend the idea that the right to privacy should be recognised for clustered groups, at least two requirements must be satisfied. First, clustered group privacy must be conceived of as either a collective good or a participatory good. Since these forms of good are of the type from which no member of a group can be excluded from benefiting, the right to them is defined as a group right. Second, there must be group interests on which to base a group right. Group interests can be either the interests of those members that are a result of their being in the group or the interests of the group as a whole that transcend the interests of its members. However, this paper argues that clustered group privacy cannot be conceived of as either a collective or a participatory good because it is possible for some individuals to be excluded from benefiting from it. Furthermore, due to the lack of awareness among individuals that they are members of a clustered group and the nature of a clustered group itself, such groups cannot have the group interests necessary to establish a group right. Hence, the group right to privacy cannot be recognised for these groups, implying that the group right cannot be considered a means to protect clustered groups against discrimination. Instead, this paper suggests that moral principles need to be articulated within an ethics of vulnerability to identify the moral obligations of protecting vulnerable clustered groups. The duty owed to the vulnerable should involve refraining from accessing certain information about clustered groups in specific contexts. This duty is not engendered by the right to privacy of such groups; it is the duty owed to the vulnerable. The findings highlight the need to articulate moral principles regarding privacy and data protection to protect clustered groups in contexts in which accessing information about them could constitute a reason for discriminatory targeting.
The characteristics of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 Vaccines: a systematic review
Authors: Abu Serhan Hashem , Abu Suilik Husam , Hassan Amr K. , AlSamhori Jehad Feras , Hassan Abdul Rhman , Siddiq Abdelmonem , Ahmed Nagi , Elnahry Ayman G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo review all studies reporting the onset of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsOur protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO [registration number: CRD42023426012]. We searched five different databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct up to May 2023. All the studies that reported the occurrence of white dot syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines were included. All statistical tests were conducted with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% error margin. Apvalue of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The methodological quality of included studies was performed using the IHE Quality Appraisal Checklist for Case Series studies and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports.ResultsFifty studies involving seventy-one subjects were included. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) was the most common disease (n = 25, 35.2% %), followed by acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) (n = 22, 31.0%) and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) (n = 4, 5.6%). They were mostly unilateral (n = 50, 70.4%). The presenting symptoms were blurred vision (n = 26, 36.6%), paracentral scotoma (n = 19, 26.8%), visual field disturbance, and photopsia (n = 7, 9.9%). The mean duration for follow-up was 10.15 ± 14.04 weeks. Nineteen subjects (29.69%) received steroids with improvement reported in 68.4%. Eleven subjects (17.19%) were managed by observation only with reported full recovery and improvement.ConclusionWhite dot syndromes are very rare entities. Our findings highlight a possible association between COVID-19 vaccines and the occurrence of white dot syndromes. However, larger studies with good quality should be implemented to confirm these findings.