bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring struturants of fat blends with ultrasound based in‐line rheometry (ultrasonic velocity profiling with pressure difference)
Authors: Young Niall W. G. , Wassell Paul , Wiklund Johan , Stading Mats 
Published: October 2008

SummaryUltrasonic velocity profiling with pressure difference (UVP‐PD) was demonstrated to be a successful, non‐invasive, in‐line measurement system for instantaneous velocity and rheological flow profiling of complex, opaque fat blends. Model systems of 25% Akomic, 75% rapeseed oil; and 25% Akomic, 74% rapeseed oil and 1% Grindsted® Crystalliser 110 were compared under real process conditions with UVP‐PD. Results indicated that the sample containing the crystalliser had twice the viscosity of the control. These in‐line results are in agreement with previous off‐line results, and offer the chance to probe the mechanics of fat blend physics under real, dynamic conditions.
Effect of fermentation on in vitro digestibilities and the level of antinutrients in moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal]
Authors: Bhandal Amrit 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe effect of fermentation with varying temperatures and time periods on the nutritive value of Moth bean was studied. Results indicated that at 30 °C, protein digestibility increased from 60% in the non‐processed moth bean to 77%, 78% and 80% and at 35 °C, increased to 81%, 83% and 85% following 12, 18 and 24 h of fermentation (controlled) period, respectively. Fermentation also caused an appreciable enhancement (96–133%) in starch digestibility with increase in period and temperature of fermentation. Fermentation of moth bean resulted in 24–34% reduction in phytic acid content at 30 °C and 33–42.5% at 35 °C. Polyphenol content was reduced by 42%, 48% and 51% at 30 °C and by 44%, 49% and 54% at 35 °C after 12, 18 and 24 h of fermentation period, respectively. Prolonging the period of fermentation from 12 to 18 and 24 h at 30 °C also caused a loss in TIA.
Resonance Raman monitoring of lipid oxidation in muscle foods
Authors: Kathirvel Priya , Ermakov Igor V. , Gellermann Werner , Mai Jimbin , Richards Mark P. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryA non‐invasive optical method, Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to follow the progression of lipid oxidation in mechanically separated turkey (MST) through oxidative bleaching of β‐carotene. Endogenous or 20–50 ppm exogenously added β‐carotene in MST served as an inert marker of lipid oxidation, and the corresponding detectable Raman signals were highly correlated with the concentration of lipid oxidation products in muscle tissue based on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Adding 100 ppm β‐carotene accelerated lipid oxidation in MST, and thus should not be used. No carotenoid Raman response was obtained for washed cod with added hemoglobin, which indicates that washed cod was devoid of any endogenous β‐carotene. Moreover, the absence of any heme protein Raman response eliminates the use of heme as an alternative biomarker to β‐carotene at the excitation wavelength employed. These studies indicate that resonance Raman detection of endogenous or exogenous β‐carotene can be used as a simple and non‐invasive method for assessing lipid oxidation status in finely comminuted muscle tissues.
Establishing the contribution of nursing in the community to the health of the people of Scotland: integrative literature review
Authors: Kennedy Catriona , Christie Jane , Harbison Jean , Maxton Fiona , Rutherford Ishbel , Moss Dawn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Establishing the contribution of nursing in the community to the health of the people of Scotland: integrative literature review. Aim.  This paper is a report of an integrative literature review to explore the evidence base for nursing in the community.Background.  The Scottish Executive (2005) in Scotland (UK), announced that a review of nursing in the community should be undertaken to inform implementation of the policy Delivering for Health. This policy called for a fundamental shift in the focus of care away from acute hospitals into the community where health care in the future will be concentrated. To inform this review of nursing in the community, the Scottish Executive commissioned a literature review.Methods.  An integrative literature review was carried out during 2006 (February to April). We carried out an extensive literature search using multiple electronic databases and hand‐searched key texts to find suitable systematic reviews and primary quantitative and qualitative papers for review (1996–March 2006). We included English language publications describing systematic reviews and primary empirical research about community nurses' contributions to the health of people.Findings.  Seventy‐three papers (12 systematic reviews and 61 studies) met our inclusion criteria. All of the studies were scored as either ‘low’ or ‘medium’ quality. None merited a ‘high’ quality rating.Conclusions.  There is little research evaluating the impact of community nursing actions. Adequately resourced research is needed to strengthen the evidence base to support nurses in the community in delivering effective and efficient care that meet the health needs of people and communities.
Partners in care: investigating community nurses’ understanding of an interdisciplinary team‐based approach to primary care
Authors: O’Neill Mary , Cowman Seamus 
Published: October 2008

Aim.  This study investigated community nurses understanding of teamwork in primary care.Background.  Internationally trends indicate a movement towards the development of primary care as a key element in health service delivery. This will have implications for the organisation of community nursing services by creating the need for more coherent integrated structures for service delivery. In this context, teamwork is associated with a range of positive outcomes including higher levels of quality care and job satisfaction.Design.  A research study was undertaken to investigate community nurses’ understanding of an interdisciplinary team‐based approach to primary care using a qualitative research design. Focus groups were held with community nurses working in the areas of public health nursing, general nursing and practice nursing.Methods.  Three focus groups were established. Twenty seven participants were recruited to form three groups comprising public health nurses (n = 10), general nurses (n = 10) and practice nurses (n = 7). A sequenced‐questioning framework guided the systematic process of data collection. Data analysis engaged a thematic content analysis framework.Results.  The analysis of the data revealed the following themes: teamwork, promoting community services, promoting health, professional roles and skills and knowledge for primary care.Conclusion.  Nurses can contribute significantly to the re‐orientation and development of primary care services. There must be greater efforts to encourage interdisciplinary approaches. The outcomes of this study can inform strategies for effective team working in primary care. Collective team efforts enhance patient care and effective teamwork requires a greater understanding of group processes and team development.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses clearly articulated their contribution to primary care, but recognised that there are many challenges to overcome. An enhanced primary care team has the potential to allow the public access to both the individual and collective skills and knowledge of team members.
Education for patients with chronic kidney disease in Taiwan: a prospective repeated measures study
Authors: Yen Miaofen , Huang Jeng‐Jong , Teng Hsiu‐Lan 
Published: October 2008

Aim.  To investigate the physical, knowledge and quality of life outcomes of an educational intervention for patients with early stage chronic kidney disease.Background.  A comprehensive predialysis education care team can be effective in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease.Design.  A single group repeated measures design was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention.Methods.  Participants were recruited through health department community health screen data banks. A predialysis, team‐delivered educational intervention covering renal function health care, dietary management of renal function and the effects of Chinese herb medication on renal function was designed and implemented. Data were collected at baseline, six and 12 months. Study outcomes included physical indicators, knowledge (renal function protection, use of Chinese herbs and renal function and diet) and quality of life. Data were analysed using repeated measure anova to test for change over time in outcome variables.Results.  Sixty‐six persons participated in this study. The predialysis educational intervention showed significant differences at the three time points in overall knowledge scores, waist–hip ratio, body mass index and global health status. Knowledge measures increased at month 6 and decreased at month 12. The primary indicator of renal function, glomerular filtration rate, remained stable throughout the 12 months of follow‐up, despite the relatively older mean age of study participants.Conclusion.  A predialysis education care team can provide effective disease‐specific knowledge and may help retard deterioration of renal function in persons with early‐stage chronic kidney disease. The intervention dose may need to be repeated every six months to maintain knowledge effects.Relevance to clinical practice.  A predialysis educational program with disease‐specific knowledge and information is feasible and may provide positive outcomes for patients. Topics on the uses of Chinese herbs should be included for people who are likely to use alternative therapies.
Iranian version of childbirth self‐efficacy inventory
Authors: Khorsandi Mahboobeh , Ghofranipour Fazllolah , Faghihzadeh Soghrat , Hidarnia Alireza , Akbarzadeh Bagheban Alireza , Aguilar‐Vafaie Maria E 
Published: October 2008

Aim.  The primary purpose of this study was to translate the Lowe’s Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory to Persian and to examine the psychometric properties of its Iranian version.Background.  Self‐efficacy for childbirth has been found to be a factor in a woman’s decision about her choice of delivery and an essential key in coping with labour pain. Creating a valid and reliable questionnaire is necessary to gain a better understanding of the emotional preparation of pregnant women. It is also essential for the development of educational interventions and improving the sense of self‐efficacy during pregnancy.Design.  Questionnaire translation.Methods.  The standard ‘forward–backward’ procedure was applied to translate the questionnaire from English into Persian (Iranian language) and then was reviewed by a panel of experts. We used exploratory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the instrument. To test the reliability, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was employed. A random sample of 176 pregnant women, attending public prenatal clinics in Tehran, was recruited for participation in the study.Results.  The results indicated that each subscales of Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory is essentially a unidimensional scale. The results revealed that Iranian pregnant women were able to distinguish between self‐efficacy expectancy and outcome expectancy, but they did not differentiate the active phase of labour from second stage. Religious or spiritual beliefs were found to have an important role in the Iranian version of the Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory.Conclusion.  This preliminary study of the Iranian version of the Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory showed that it is an acceptable, reliable and valid measure of women’s belief and their confidence in coping with labour pain.Relevance to clinical practice.  A culturally sensitive, reliable and valid instrument is crucial to better understand the self‐efficacy of childbirth as a basis for developing effective interventions to increase normal childbirth among Iranian pregnant women.
A review of psychosocial needs of breast‐cancer patients and their relatives
Authors: Schmid‐Büchi Silvia , Halfens Ruud JG , Dassen Theo , Van Den Borne Bart 
Published: October 2008

Aim.  To identify the psychosocial needs of breast‐cancer patients and their relatives along with factors affecting these needs and to develop a tentative model to guide further research and need assessments in clinical practice.Background.  Women experiencing breast cancer must deal with the diagnosis of a life‐threatening illness. Treatment and the recovery process can be demanding for patients and their relatives. Need assessment may help clinicians focus on providing appropriate help.Design.  Literature review.Method.  Undertaken using electronic databases and specific research terms; 20 articles were identified and analysed.Results.  The needs identified by patients involve (1) treatment‐related physical and social impairment like fatigue, menopausal symptoms and a changed body image and (2) emotional distress like fear of recurrence, anxiety and depression. Partners need help to protect themselves and the patient from different threats. Women need information to maintain control and manage their illness. Partners want information concerning the patient’s condition and both of them about the prognosis and perspectives. There is a lack of knowledge of relatives’ needs. Mutual familial support, women’s and partners’ health and emotional distress may affect the interaction between the patients and their partners.Conclusions.  A tentative family‐based model to guide further research and clinical support is proposed. Further research is needed to determine precisely which psychosocial factors may influence fulfilment of the patients’ and relatives’ needs.Relevance to clinical practice.  The proposed model may provide a framework for healthcare professionals to evaluate the patients’ and relatives’ met and unmet needs and the real demand for help, to guide care planning, counselling and education.
Gendered attitudes towards sexual relationships among adolescents attending nurse led sexual health clinics in England: a qualitative study
Authors: Hayter Mark , Harrison Christina 
Published: October 2008

Aims.  This study aimed to explore gender differences in attitudes towards sexual relationships of adolescent attending nurse led sexual health clinics.Background.  Nurse led sexual health clinics are at the forefront of promoting adolescent sexual health. To provide sensitive, effective and non‐judgemental care, nurses need to understand the complexities of adolescent sexual behaviour and the social factors that influence sexual relationships.Design.  A qualitative, exploratory research design was used.Methods.  Ten focus groups (five male and five female) involving sexual health clinic attendees aged between 14–16 years were conducted. Focus groups were asked to comment on four sexual relationship ‘case studies’. Group discussions were recorded and transcribed. Data were subject to thematic analysis.Results.  Three themes emerged from the data analysis. ‘Empathy’ reflected how young women were more likely to try to see their partner’s point of view. ‘Complexity’ also reflected that young women were more aware of the complex nature of relationships than were the male participants. ‘Language’ related to how young males used aggressive language in the context of relationships – a feature absent from female participants’ discourse.Conclusions.  Male and female attitudes clearly differ. Female responses are more complex and empathic because of the more complex nature of the social pressures that sexualise young women. Young males are not as subject to these social forces. Young men are socialised into behaviour that can place females under pressure to have sex – this pressure can include the use of alcohol.Relevance to clinical practise.  Nurses working in sexual health should attempt to encourage empathic thinking in male clients. Females should be educated to deal with the social pressures they may face from their partners. Practitioners should also recognise the problematic role alcohol can play within sexual relationships.
Evaluation of a primary care nurse case management intervention for chronically ill community dwelling older people
Authors: Schraeder Cheryl , Fraser Cynthia W , Clark Ida , Long Barbara , Shelton Paul , Waldschmidt Valerie , Kucera Christine L , Lanker William K 
Published: October 2008

Aim. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a collaborative primary care nurse case management intervention emphasising collaboration between physicians, nurses and patients, risk identification, comprehensive assessment, collaborative planning, health monitoring, patient education and transitional care on healthcare utilisation and cost for community dwelling chronically ill older persons.Background. Primary care teams comprised of nurses and primary care physicians have been suggested as a model for providing quality care to the chronically ill, but this type of intervention has not been systematically evaluated.Design. A non‐randomised, 36 month comparison of two geographically distinct primary care populations was conducted.Methods. Six hundred and seventy‐seven persons aged 65 and older were determined to be at high‐risk for mortality, functional decline, or increased health service use. The treatment group (n = 400) received the intervention and the comparison group (n = 277) received usual care. Health plan claims files provided data on number of hospitalisations and bed days, emergency department (ED) visits, physician visits and total cost of care.Results. After adjustment for baseline variables, there were no significant differences between the treatment and comparison group in the percentage of patients hospitalised or ED visits. However, among those hospitalised in the treatment group, the likelihood of being re‐hospitalised was significantly reduced by 34% (p = 0·032). After adjusting for the cost of the intervention, although not statistically significant, the reduced hospital use resulted in cost savings of $106 per patient per month in the treatment group.Conclusions. The results indicate that a collaborative primary care nurse case management intervention has the potential to be an effective alternative to current primary care delivery system practice.Relevance to clinical practice. The study suggests that a chronic care intervention emphasising collaboration between physicians, nurses and patients, may be more effective when implemented in integrated provider networks.
Relationship between diagnostic criteria, depressive equivalents and diagnosis of depression among older adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Langlois L. , Martin L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground  Depression is more common among persons with an intellectual disability (ID) than the general population, and may be expected to increase with age just as in the general population. However, little is known about depression among older adults with ID. The literature has questioned the use of standard diagnostic criteria for depression among both older adults and persons with ID, and behavioural depressive equivalents have been suggested. This study uses the interRAI ID assessment instrument to investigate the relationship between standard diagnostic criteria for depression, depressive equivalents and a diagnosis of depression among older and younger adults with ID in community and institutional settings in Ontario, Canada.Method  Items in the interRAI ID assessment instrument that were representative of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria and depressive equivalents were examined among persons with ID in institutional (census‐level data) and in community‐based (sample) residential settings. Bivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and a diagnosis of depression. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among those who did not have a diagnosis of depression.Results  The results indicate that DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria and depressive equivalents were significantly related to a diagnosis of depression among older and younger adults with ID, and that both types of symptoms were exhibited by a non‐trivial proportion of individuals without a diagnosis of depression.Conclusions  The depression rating scale embedded in the interRAI ID is helpful in identifying older adults at risk of depression. Contrary to other studies, few significant differences were found in depressive symptoms by age.
Do introduced North American beavers Castor canadensis engineer differently in southern South America? An overview with implications for restoration
Authors: ANDERSON CHRISTOPHER B. , PASTUR GUILLERMO MARTÍNEZ , LENCINAS MARÍA VANESSA , WALLEM PETRA K. , MOORMAN MICHELLE C. , ROSEMOND AMY D. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Twenty‐five pairs of North American beavers Castor canadensis Kuhl were introduced to Tierra del Fuego Island in 1946. The population has expanded across the archipelago, arriving at the Chilean mainland by the mid‐1990s. Densities range principally between 0.5–2.05 colonies/km. They have an impact on between 30–50% of stream length and occupy 2–15% of landscape area with impoundments and meadows. Beaver impacts constitute the largest landscape‐level alteration in subantarctic forests since the last ice age.
The colonization pattern, colony densities and impacted area indicate that habitat in the austral archipelago is optimal for beaver invasion, due to low predator pressure and suitable food resources. Nothofagus pumilio forests are particularly appropriate habitat, but a more recent invasion is occurring in adjacent steppe ecosystems. Nonetheless, Nothofagus reproductive strategies are not well adapted to sustain high beaver population levels.
Our assessment shows that at the patch‐scale in stream and riparian ecosystems, the direction and magnitude of exotic beaver impacts are predictable from expectations derived from North American studies, relating ecosystem engineering with underlying ecological mechanisms such as the relationships of habitat heterogeneity and productivity on species richness and ecosystem function.
Based on data from the species' native and exotic range, our ability to predict the effects of beavers is based on: (i) understanding the ecological relationships of its engineering effects on habitat, trophic dynamics and disturbance regimes, and (ii) having an adequate comprehension of the landscape context and natural history of the ecosystem being engineered.
We conclude that beaver eradication strategies and subsequent ecosystem restoration efforts, currently being considered in southern Chile and Argentina, should focus on the ecology of native ecosystems rather than the biology of this invasive species per se. Furthermore, given the nature of the subantarctic landscape, streams will probably respond to restoration efforts more quickly than riparian ecosystems.