bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of induction therapy post‐heart transplantation: Clinical practice recommendations based on systematic review and network meta‐analysis of evidence
Authors: Foroutan Farid , Guyatt Gordon , Stehlik Josef , Gustafsson Finn , Greig Douglas , McDonald Michael , Bertolotti Alejandro Mario , Kugathasan Lakshmi , Rayner Daniel G. , Cuello Carlos A. , Cook Amanda , Zlatanoski Darko , Ram Sujivan , Demas‐Clarke Penny , Kozuszko Stella , Alba Ana Carolina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of induction therapy (IT) agents in the early post‐heart transplant period remains controversial. The following recommendations aim to provide guidance on the use of IT agents, including Basiliximab and Thymoglobulin, as part of routine care in heart transplantation (HTx).MethodsWe recruited an international, multidisciplinary panel of 15 stakeholders, including patient partners, transplant cardiologists and surgeons, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and methodologists. We commissioned a systematic review on benefits and harms of IT on patient‐important outcomes, and another on patients’ values and preferences to inform our recommendations. We used the GRADE framework to summarize our findings, rate certainty in the evidence, and develop recommendations. The panel considered the balance between benefits and harms, certainty in the evidence, and patient's values and preferences, to make recommendations for or against the routine post‐operative use of Thymoglobulin or Basiliximab.ResultsThe panel made recommendations on three major clinical problems in HTx: (1) We suggest against the routine post‐operative use of Basiliximab compared to no IT, (2) we suggest against the routine use of Thymoglobulin compared to no IT, and (3) for those patients for whom IT is deemed desirable, we suggest for the use of Thymoglobulin as compared to Basiliximab.ConclusionThis report highlights gaps in current knowledge and provides directions for clinical research in the future to better understand the clinical utility of IT agents in the early post heart transplant period, leading to improved management and care.
Measuring maternal autonomy and its effect on child nutrition in rural India
Authors: Arulampalam Wiji , Bhaskar Anjor , Srivastava Nisha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the link between a mother's autonomy—the freedom and ability to think, express, make decisions and act independently—and the nutritional status of her children. We treat ‘autonomy’ as a latent variable, and design a novel statistical framework to measure this. This method allows us to separate the direct associations of maternal and family characteristics in our model for nutrition, from their indirect associations that work through maternal autonomy. Using data from India, we explore the sensitivity of our estimates to endogeneity caused by sample selection in the presence of son preference. We find: (i) a one standard deviation (SD) higher autonomy score is associated with a 0.16 SD higher height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ score); and (ii) a 10% lower prevalence of stunting (HAZ < −2 SD). The latter is equivalent to the prevention of approximately 300,000 children stunting, indicating the important role of maternal autonomy.
Focal high‐intensity focused ultrasound therapy for localized prostate cancer: An interim analysis of the multinational FASST study
Authors: Ladjevardi Sam , Ebner Anna , Femic Aleksandar , Huebner Nicolai A. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kraler Simon , Kubik‐Huch Rahel A. , Ahlman Rafaele C. , Häggman Michael , Hefermehl Lukas J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) emerged as a novel approach for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). However, prospective studies on HIFU‐related outcomes and predictors of treatment failure (TF) remain scarce.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a multinational prospective cohort study among patients undergoing HIFU therapy for localized, low‐ to intermediate‐risk PCa. Follow‐up data on serial prostate specific antigen (PSA), multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), targeted/systematic biopsies, adverse events and functional outcomes were collected. The primary endpoint was TF, defined as histologically confirmed PCa requiring whole‐gland salvage treatment. Uni‐ and multi‐variable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsAt baseline, mean (standard deviation) age was 64.14 (7.19) years, with the majority of patients showing T‐stage 1 (73.9%) and International Society of Urological Pathology grading system Grade 2 (58.8%). PSA nadir (median, 1.70 ng/mL) was reached after 6 months. Of all patients recruited, 16% had clinically significant PCa, as confirmed by biopsy, of which 13.4% had TF. Notably, T‐stage and number of positive cores at initial biopsy were independent predictors of TF during follow‐up (HR [95% CI] 1.27 [1.02–1.59] and 5.02 [1.80–14.03], respectively). Adverse events were minimal (17% and 8% early and late adverse events, respectively), with stable or improved functional outcomes in the majority of patients.ConclusionsThis interim analysis of a multinational study on HIFU therapy for the management of low‐to‐intermediate‐risk PCa reveals good functional outcomes, minimal adverse events and low incidence of TF over the short‐term. Data on long‐term outcomes, specifically as it relates to oncological outcomes, are awaited eagerly.
The response of marine fish population productivity to juvenile habitat modifications depends upon life histories
Authors: Champagnat J. , Rivot E. , Le Pape O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoastal and estuarine habitats are essential for both growth and survival at juvenile stages for a large proportion of marine fish but are exposed to a variety of threats. However, the quantitative impacts of anthropic‐mediated nursery degradation on exploited population dynamics and productivity are rarely addressed. We developed a comprehensive steepness‐based parameterization of the stock–recruitment relationship that directly depends upon juvenile habitat quality and surface area and used a generic age‐ and stage‐structured model to simulate exploited population dynamics under nursery degradation/restoration scenarios. Population responses to juvenile habitat modification were estimated for three species with contrasting life histories. Modifying the surface area of nursery habitat has a predictable direct scaling effect on population size and affects biomass and fishing yield, with identical responses observed for various life histories. Modification of habitat quality affects both the population size and the shape of the productivity curve, leading to more complex responses of biomass and fishing yields that depend upon combinations of life history traits. Populations with low steepness and hence lower resiliency to fishing are the most sensitive to the degradation of habitat quality. Our study emphasizes the critical impact of juvenile habitat modification on population dynamics and productivity and the need to integrate habitat consideration into the management of exploited marine species. Our modelling framework is generalizable and can be extended to handle many diverse life histories and case studies to quantify the consequences of coastal habitat degradation/restoration for the dynamics of exploited marine fish populations.
Artificial intelligence in dermatology: advancements and challenges in skin of color
Authors: Fliorent Rebecca , Fardman Brian , Podwojniak Alicia , Javaid Kiran , Tan Isabella J. , Ghani Hira , Truong Thu M. , Rao Babar , Heath Candrice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) uses algorithms and large language models in computers to simulate human‐like problem‐solving and decision‐making. AI programs have recently acquired widespread popularity in the field of dermatology through the application of online tools in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of skin conditions. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar analyzing recent literature (from the last 10 years through October 2023) to evaluate current AI programs in use for dermatologic purposes, identifying challenges in this technology when applied to skin of color (SOC), and proposing future steps to enhance the role of AI in dermatologic practice. Challenges surrounding AI and its application to SOC stem from the underrepresentation of SOC in datasets and issues with image quality and standardization. With these existing issues, current AI programs inevitably do worse at identifying lesions in SOC. Additionally, only 30% of the programs identified in this review had data reported on their use in dermatology, specifically in SOC. Significant development of these applications is required for the accurate depiction of darker skin tone images in datasets. More research is warranted in the future to better understand the efficacy of AI in aiding diagnosis and treatment options for SOC patients.
The straw that broke the nurse's back—Using psychological contract breach to understand why nurses leave
Authors: Pyhäjärvi Daniela , Söderberg Christina B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo deepen our understanding of why nurses decide to leave their occupation instead of changing jobs, we examined the antecedents that led to this decision through the theoretical lens of psychological contract breach.DesignA qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews.MethodsWe collected 28 interviewees from our social networks and a social media platform. We included professional nurses who had decided to leave or had left the occupation. We analysed our data with reflexive thematic analysis, thereby giving space for the interviewee voices to rise.ResultsWe identified various experiences of dissonance between interviewee expectations and reality. The interviewees expressed unfulfilled expectations or psychological contract breaches in relation to their occupation on different levels and over extended time periods. The psychological contract breaches and decisions to leave the occupation were built up over time because of continuous disappointment and dissonance between expectations and reality. The frustration, dissonance and unfulfilled expectations were expressed towards the institution of nursing rather than a specific employer or organization.ConclusionUnfulfilled expectations over a longer period might cause psychological contract breach, leading to turnover intentions. Our research brings novel insights into the psychological contract, as our findings indicate that the psychological contract can be formed and breached, also between the employee and the occupation. This means that turnover intentions might result in nurses leaving the profession rather than seeking work in new organizations.ImpactThe study addresses the problem of nurse shortage by showing the root reasons for deciding to leave the occupation. Our findings show how psychological contract breaches over time erupt as turnover intentions regarding the occupation rather than a job. The results guide healthcare managers and decision‐makers to recognize factors leading to a psychological contract breach, thereby enabling the retention of nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Domestic Violence and Abuse: Expanding Our Conceptual Repertoire
Authors: Salzberger Macy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis article aims to clarify and expand our conceptual repertoire for understanding domestic violence and abuse by making legible different characteristic harms, particularly those that cannot be made sense of in terms of physical harm. Sections 2 and 3 of this article review popular understandings of the harms of domestic violence and abuse. These often emphasize either (a) pain and suffering or (b) the loss of capacities for self‐governance as characteristic harms of domestic violence and abuse. In its second half, this article argues that domestic violence and abuse characteristically involve yet another harm to the victim, one that cannot neatly be explained in terms of hedonistic welfare or concerns for a victim's capacities for self‐governance. More specifically, this article argues that through the characteristic social isolation of domestic violence and abuse, perpetrators alienate victims from what motivationally roots them to the world. Although relationships that motivationally root us to the world might make us fundamentally dependent on others and can cause us great pain, they nevertheless play a profoundly valuable role in our lives by giving us reasons to go on living.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes, an underrecognized and unique subtype of type 1 diabetes: A case series from Singapore
Authors: Tan Sarah Ying Tse , Rama Chandran Suresh , Yew Jielin , Wong Andy Jun‐Wei , Gardner Daphne Su‐Lyn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a unique subtype of type 1 diabetes, characterized by acute absolute insulin deficiency, severe ketosis, and increased risk of hypoglycemia, glycemic variability and microvascular complications. Seven people with FT1D were identified from two tertiary centers in Singapore. Six were Chinese, the mean age was 35 years and all were lean (mean body mass index 20.3 kg/m2). All presented with diabetes ketosis or ketoacidosis and low C‐peptide. All but one had low glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. Nearly half had a missed/delayed diagnosis of FT1D. Three had frequent hypoglycemia, which improved after transition to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. Individuals with FT1D experience unique diagnostic and management challenges associated with rapid absolute insulin deficiency. Greater awareness about this clinical entity is required.
Association between infant birth weight and gestational weight gain in Japanese women with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fujikawa Shingu Kei , Waguri Masako , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Piedvache Aurélie , Katakami Naoto , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionIn 2021, the guidelines on gestational weight gain (GWG) were revised and increased by 2–3 kg in Japan. This study aimed to investigate whether the revised guidelines would increase the incidence of babies with excessive birth weight in mothers with diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 369 deliveries of women with diabetes whose pre‐pregnancy body mass index was below 30 kg/m2 between 1982 and 2021. The primary outcome measure was large for gestational age (LGA). We compared the incidence of LGA between women who gained weight within the previous guidelines and women who gained weight within the revised guidelines. We also compared the incidence of macrosomia, preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight.ResultsThe incidence of LGA was not significantly different between women who gained weight within the revised guidelines and those within the previous guidelines (34.6% [95% confidence interval 25.6–44.6%] for the revised guidelines vs 28.9% [21.6–37.1%] for the previous guidelines; P = 0.246). Neither was the incidence of macrosomia or preeclampsia significantly different (8.7% [4.0–15.8%] vs 5.6% [2.5–10.8%] and 5.8% [2.1–12.1%] vs 6.3% [2.9–11.7%]; P = 0.264 and 0.824, respectively), while women who gained weight within the revised guidelines had a lower incidence of SGA (1.9% [0.2–6.8%] vs 10.6% [6.0–16.8%]; P = 0.001) and low birth weight (1.0% [0.02–5.2%] vs 7.0% [3.4–12.6%]; P = 0.023).ConclusionsThe revised GWG guidelines could be beneficial in women with diabetes in terms of delivering babies with appropriate birth weight.
What explains regional variation in privately provided out‐of‐area residential placement costs for people with intellectual disability in Ireland?
Authors: Cullinan J. , O'Brien T. , Yacoub E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundExpenditure on residential placements for people with intellectual disability (ID) in Ireland is considerable and expected to increase. Despite this, there is limited evidence on the factors driving variation in privately provided ‘out‐of‐area’ residential placement costs, including across Community Health Organisations (CHOs)/regions. This is important to help inform the delivery of services at best value.MethodsWe analyse unit cost data from 2019 for a sample of 278 high‐cost publicly funded privately provided out‐of‐area residential placements for people with ID in Ireland. We undertake univariate analysis of the relationship between costs and a wide range of variables using t‐tests and one‐way analysis of variance. We employ multivariable regression analysis to examine how raw differentials in unit costs across regions can be accounted for by individual‐level characteristics.ResultsWe estimate average unit costs of €264 170 per annum in our sample. The univariate analysis shows considerable variation in costs across a range of personal, disability, psychiatry/psychological, forensic issues, behaviour and supports and plans related variables. We also find wide variation in average unit costs across CHOs/regions (F = 4.58, P < 0.001), ranging from €213 380 to €331 880. The multivariable analysis shows that regional differences remain even after accounting for a wide range of individual characteristics that influence costs.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that while the majority of differences in costs across regions can be explained, there is potential for cost savings in the provision of high‐cost publicly funded out‐of‐area residential placements in Ireland. Overall this can help to develop and implement a more sustainable disability residential funding model in a context of rising demand for services. It also has potential implications for the approach to procurement of services.
Influence of cosmetic foundation cream on skin condition during treadmill exercise
Authors: Yoon Eun‐Jung , Kwon Eun Hye , Kim Joo Hyun , Delacruz Jesse , Symons T. Brock , Lee Sukho , Park Dongsun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing trend of individuals wearing cosmetics while participating in physical activities. Nonetheless, there remains a need for further understanding regarding the effects of makeup on the facial epidermis during exercise, given the existing knowledge gaps.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cosmetic foundation cream on skin conditions during physical activity.MethodsForty‐three healthy college students, 20 males (26.3 ± 1.5 years) and 23 females (23.1 ± 1.0 years), were enrolled in this study. Foundation cream was applied to participants on half of the face in two different areas (MT: makeup T zone and MU: makeup U zone). The other half of the face served as internal control (T: non‐makeup T zone and U: non‐makeup U zones). Skin levels of moisture, elasticity, pore, sebum, and oil were measured using a skin analysis device (Aramhuvis, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea) before and after a 20‐min treadmill exercise. Paired t‐test and independent t‐test were performed for skin condition measurements at pre‐ and postexercise.ResultsThe skin moisture levels in both the T and MT significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05) (pre‐T: 24.5 ± 1.3, post‐T: 38.5 ± 3.5 and pre‐MT: 18.7 ± 0.7, post‐MT: 40.4 ± 4.8). Elasticity also significantly improved in both the T and MT (p < 0.05) (pre‐T: 25.6 ± 1.3, post‐T: 41.5 ± 3.5 and pre‐MT: 20.0 ± 0.9, post‐MT: 41.7 ± 3.7). The size of the pores in the T zone observed a significant increase after exercise (p < 0.05) (pre‐T: 41.7 ± 2.1, post‐T: 47.8 ± 2.4). The sebum levels in the T zone exhibited a reduction following physical activity, whereas there was a notable increase in sebum levels in the makeup zones (p < 0.05) (pre‐MT: 2.4 ± 0.7, post‐MT:4.2 ± 0.8 and pre MU 1.8 ± 0.34, post MU 4.9 ± 0.9). The oil level was increased in the non‐makeup zones (pre‐T: 6.1 ± 1.4, post‐T: 11.8 ± 2.0 and pre‐U: 7.3 ± 1.5, post‐U: 11.9 ± 1.9; p < 0.05) and decreased in the makeup zones (pre‐MT: 13.3 ± 1.9, post‐MT: 7.4 ± 2.3 and pre‐MU: 22.1 ± 2.4, post‐MU: 3.2 ± 1.0; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that using foundation cream during aerobic exercise can reduce skin oil, causing dryness. Additionally, makeup can clog pores and increase sebum production. Therefore, wearing makeup may not be recommended for people with dry skin conditions based on the results of the current study. This research offers important insights to the public, encouraging them to consider the possible consequences of using makeup while exercising.
Critical cognitive science: A systematic review towards a critical science
Authors: Carbajal Iván , Moore Everrett , Cabrera Martinez Lianelys , Hunt Kiara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany leading scholars have highlighted the use of Critical Race Theory (CRT) in approaching research and practice in psychology. Critical Race Theory allows for cognitive science to take a more intersectional perspective rather than perpetuate the exclusionary and universal limitations associated with traditional cognitive science. This review and commentary apply CRT to cognitive science to address three main goals. The first is describing the history of cognitive science and how CRT tenets can help understand the need for a critical race perspective. Second is applying the CRT tenet of recognizing racism in cognitive science through a rigorous systematic review. The third is highlighting the tenet of whitewashing psychological phenomenon to explain epistemic exclusion and provide recommendations to combat it. CRT is an important framework in cognitive science as it can help combat the harmful methodologies and implications that have been perpetuated for decades (e.g., racist assumption of intelligence, exclusion of participants because of hair texture).
Relationship between long‐acting reversible contraception and acne in a cohort of adolescents and young adults
Authors: Boos Markus D. , Ryan Morgan E. , Milliren Carly , Golub Sarah , Maslyanskaya Sofya , Escovedo Michelle , DiVasta Amy , Pitts Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of progestin‐only long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) may be a risk factor for acne. Few studies have focused primarily on the effects of hormonal LARC on the development or exacerbation of acne in adolescents and young adults. We sought to understand the incidence and management of acne following hormonal LARC insertion in this adolescent/young adult population.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted of prospectively collected quality improvement (QI) data from the Adolescent Medicine LARC Collaborative. Subjects were evaluated by clinicians in adolescent medicine clinics at participating study sites, and acne severity was documented using a standardized recording instrument and scale. Descriptive statistics were reported as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables or mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics by those who had worsening acne, accounting for site inter‐correlation using Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel chi‐square tests for categorical variables and linear generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression for continuous variables.ResultsOf 1319 subjects who completed LARC insertion, 28.5% (376/1319) experienced worsening acne following use of progestin‐only LARC. Acne was a contributing factor to LARC removal in only 3% (40/1319), and the sole reason for removal in 0.4% (5/1319) of all subjects. As this was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected QI data, limitations of this study include incomplete or inaccurate documentation of acne severity. Moreover, LARC insertions without follow‐up/removal visits or with only follow‐up/removal within 8 weeks of insertion were excluded from our study, which may also bias results.ConclusionsAdolescents and young adults seeking progestin‐only LARC should be counseled about the potential for developing acne or experiencing a worsening of existing acne during LARC use. However, acne was not a common reason for LARC discontinuation.