bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPC) exert anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Neuwirt Hannes , Arias Mercedes Cedeno , Puhr Martin , Hobisch Alfred , Culig Zoran 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDOligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPC) are extracted from grape seeds or maritime pine bark and have been used for enhancement of capillary stability and lymphatic drainage. Since a role for OPC in cancer prevention was postulated, we asked whether they have an effect on prostate cancer cells.METHODSCell proliferation was determined by 3H‐thymidine assay and cell cycle status was analyzed on a flow cytometer. Expression of regulators of proliferation and apoptosis was determined by Western blot.RESULTSWe found that androgen‐responsive cells LNCaP are more sensitive to OPC in terms of inhibition of proliferation in comparison to androgen receptor‐negative PC3 or DU145 cells. Treatment with OPC resulted in a decrease in the percentage of LNCaP cells in the S phase and an increase in the percentage of cells in sub G1 phase. The anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effect of OPC in the LNCaP cell line was associated with down‐regulation of expression of the androgen receptor. Interestingly, similar regulatory effects of OPC, such as inhibition of expression of cyclin‐dependent kinases and cyclins and stimulation of tumor suppressors p21 and p27, were seen in LNCaP and PC3 cells. Favorable changes in the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio were observed in LNCaP and PC3 cells after the treatment with OPC. OPC caused an increase of phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase p44 and p42, thus suggesting induction of cellular differentiation.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that OPC is a candidate that fulfills criteria for chemopreventive strategies in prostate cancer that might be established in following in vivo studies. Prostate 68: 1647–1654, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D‐QSAR Studies on a Class of IKK‐2 Inhibitors with GALAHAD Used to Develop Molecular Alignment Models
Authors: Long Wei , Liu Peixun , Li Qi , Xu Yang , Gao Jing 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (3D‐QSAR) studies were preformed on a class of Ikb Kinase‐2 (IKK‐2) inhibitors, which contained thiophene‐carboxamide series and their analogs. Before 3D‐QSAR, a pharmacophore‐based molecular alignment model was built by using Genetic Algorithm with Linear Assignment of Hypermolecular Alignment of Datasets (GALAHAD). At the same time, we constructed another molecular model by application of classical common structure alignment method as a comparative study. The results of the Comparative Molecule Field Analysis (CoMFA), the main 3D‐QSAR method applied in this paper, suggested that GALAHAD was a better tool for molecular alignment in this study. Based on the GALAHAD molecular alignment model, 3D‐QSAR analysis, including CoMFA and Comparative Molecule Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA), was carried out. The leave‐one‐out cross‐validation correlation coefficient (q$\rm{ _{{\rm{CoMFA}}}^{\rm{2}} }$=0.642; q$\rm{ _{{\rm{CoMSIA}}}^{\rm{2}} }$=0.675) and the good correlation between the predicted and experimental activities of excluded test compounds revealed that CoMFA and CoMSIA models were robust. These models are useful tools for predicting the inhibitory activities of the new compounds against IKK‐2. Suggestions of structural modification were then derived from the analysis of the 3D‐QSAR, and these will probably lead to the more active IKK‐2 inhibitors.
Synthesis and Investigation of Swelling Behavior of Grafted Alginate/Alumina Superabsorbent Composite
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Farhadpour Bahareh , Seidi Farzad 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study a novel alginate‐g‐poly(acrylic acid)/alumina composite was synthesized and characterized. Preparation of the composite hydrogels involved free radical polymerization of a combination of alginate, acrylic acid (AA) and distilled water, in appropriate amounts and N,N‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent. The composite formation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT‐IR). The surface morphologies of the synthesized hydrogels were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Systematically, the different variables of the graft copolymerization were optimized to achieve maximum swelling capacity. The swelling of superabsorbent hydrogels was measured in various solutions with pH values ranging from 0 to 14. In addition, the pH reversibility, on–off switching behavior, swelling kinetics in distilled water and the absorbency under load (AUL) were investigated.
Statistically and clinically important change of pain scores in patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorders
Authors: van Grootel Robert J. , van der Glas Hilbert W. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTA within‐patient change in pain score after treatment is statistically ‘reliable’ when it exceeds the smallest detectable difference (SDD). The aims of the present study were (i) to determine SDD for scoring pain behavior on a 0–5 point adjectival scale, and (ii) to explore the relationship between SDD, clinically important difference (CID) and effect size (ES) following treatment of known efficacy, and to compare these parameters of pain behavior with those of VAS‐scores of pain intensity [van Grootel RJ, van der Bilt A, van der Glas HW. Long‐term reliable change of pain scores in individual myogenous TMD patients. Eur J Pain 2007;11:635–43]. SDD was determined using duplicate scores on pain behavior from a pre‐treatment diary that was completed by 118 patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMD). CID was determined as the mean change in score following treatment, and Cohen's ES as the ratio between mean change and SD of baseline values. The SDDs were 2–3units (40–60% of the scale range) for test–retest intervals of 1–13 days. CID was 1.13units (22.6%) and ES was 1.38. The normalized SDD and CID values and ES were similar for VAS‐scores of pain intensity, i.e., 38–49% (SDD), 24.2% (CID) and 1.09 (ES). Because reliable change (change>SDD) exceeds CID, the responsiveness of scoring of pain variables is low for detecting CID. The finding of ES values that are larger than 0.5 (ES for patients with chronic degenerative diseases [Norman GR, Sloan JA, Wyrwich KW. Interpretation of changes in health‐related quality of life. The remarkable universality of half a standard deviation. Med Care 2003;41:582–92]) suggests that for myogenous TMD (chronic pain not caused by somatic disease and with a large chance on recovery following treatment), there are higher expectations of what constitutes important change.
BOUNDEDNESS OF FOURIER INTEGRAL OPERATORS ON HARDY SPACES
Authors: Peloso Marco M. , Secco Silvia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFor $0\ltp\le1$, let $h^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ denote the local Hardy space. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a Fourier integral operator defined by the oscillatory integral$$ \mathcal{F}f(x)=\iint_{\mathbb{R}^{2n}}\exp(2\pi\mathrm{i}(\phi(x,\xi)-y\cdot\xi))b(x,y,\xi)f(y)\,\mathrm{d} y\,\mathrm{d}\xi, $$where $\phi$ is a $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ non-degenerate real phase function, and $b$ is a symbol of order $\mu$ and type $(\rho,1-\rho)$, $\sfrac12\lt\rho\le1$, vanishing for $x$ outside a compact set of $\mathbb{R}^n$. We show that when $p\le1$ and $\mu\le-(n-1)(1/p-1/2)$ then $\mathcal{F}$ initially defined on Schwartz functions in $h^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ extends to a bounded operator $\mathcal{F}:h^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\rightarrow h^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The range of $p$ and $\mu$ is sharp. This result extends to the local Hardy spaces the seminal result of Seeger \et for the $L^p$ spaces. As immediate applications we prove the boundedness of smooth Radon transforms on hypersurfaces with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature on the local Hardy spaces.Finally, we prove a local version for the boundedness of Fourier integral operators on local Hardy spaces on smooth Riemannian manifolds of bounded geometry.
ORLICZ–POINCARÉ INEQUALITIES
Authors: Wang Feng-Yu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCorresponding to known results on Orlicz–Sobolev inequalities which are stronger than the Poincaré inequality, this paper studies the weaker Orlicz–Poincaré inequality. More precisely, for any Young function $\varPhi$ whose growth is slower than quadric, the Orlicz–Poincaré inequality$$ \|f\|_\varPhi^2\le C\E(f,f),\qquad\mu(f):=\int f\,\mathrm{d}\mu=0 $$is studied by using the well-developed weak Poincaré inequalities, where $\E$ is a conservative Dirichlet form on $L^2(\mu)$ for some probability measure $\mu$. In particular, criteria and concrete sharp examples of this inequality are presented for $\varPhi(r)=r^p$ $(p\in[1,2))$ and $\varPhi(r)= r^2\log^{-\delta}(\mathrm{e} +r^2)$ $(\delta>0)$. Concentration of measures and analogous results for non-conservative Dirichlet forms are also obtained. As an application, the convergence rate of porous media equations is described.
GLOBAL ATTRACTIVITY IN A PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEM WITH PURE DELAYS
Authors: Tang X. H. , Zou Xingfu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe consider a delay predator–prey system without instantaneous negative feedback and establish some conditions for global attractivity of the positive equilibrium of the system which generalize and improve some of the existing ones. When the system is decoupled, one of the main results reduces to the well-known Wright 3/2 stability condition for the delayed logistic equation.
A NOTE ON RANDOM HOLOMORPHIC ITERATION IN CONVEX DOMAINS
Authors: Bracci Filippo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe introduce a geometric condition of Bloch type which guarantees that a subset of a bounded convex domain in several complex variables is degenerate with respect to every iterated function system. Furthermore, we discuss the relations of such a Bloch-type condition with the analogous hyperbolic Lipschitz condition.
ON EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS FOR ELLIPTIC HEMIVARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Liu Guifang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the Dirichlet problem for quasilinear elliptic hemivariational inequalities at resonance as well as at non-resonance. Using Clarke's notion of the generalized gradient and the property of the first eigenfunction, we also build a Landesman–Lazer theory in the non-smooth framework of quasilinear elliptic hemivariational inequalities.
CONSTRUCTION OF ELLIPTIC DIFFUSIONS WITH REFLECTING BOUNDARY CONDITION AND AN APPLICATION TO CONTINUOUS N-PARTICLE SYSTEMS WITH SINGULAR INTERACTIONS
Authors: Fattler Torben , Grothaus Martin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe give a Dirichlet form approach for the construction and analysis of elliptic diffusions in $\bar{\varOmega}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ with reflecting boundary condition. The problem is formulated in an $L^2$-setting with respect to a reference measure $\mu$ on $\bar{\varOmega}$ having an integrable, $\mathrm{d} x$-almost everywhere (a.e.) positive density $\varrho$ with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The symmetric Dirichlet forms $(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a},D(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}))$ we consider are the closure of the symmetric bilinear forms\begin{gather*} \mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}(f,g)=\sum_{i,j=1}^n\int_{\varOmega}\partial_ifa_{ij} \partial_jg\,\mathrm{d}\mu,\quad f,g\in\mathcal{D}, \\ \mathcal{D}=\{f\in C(\bar{\varOmega})\mid f\in W^{1,1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varOmega),\ \mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}(f,f)\lt\infty\}, \end{gather*}in $L^2(\bar{\varOmega},\mu)$, where $a$ is a symmetric, elliptic, $n\times n$-matrix-valued measurable function on $\bar{\varOmega}$. Assuming that $\varOmega$ is an open, relatively compact set with boundary $\partial\varOmega$ of Lebesgue measure zero and that $\varrho$ satisfies the Hamza condition, we can show that $(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a},D(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}))$ is a local, quasi-regular Dirichlet form. Hence, it has an associated self-adjoint generator $(L^{\varrho,a},D(L^{\varrho,a}))$ and diffusion process $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ (i.e. an associated strong Markov process with continuous sample paths). Furthermore, since $1\in D(\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a})$ (due to the Neumann boundary condition) and $\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}(1,1)=0$, we obtain a conservative process $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ (i.e. $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ has infinite lifetime). Additionally, assuming that $\sqrt{\varrho}\in W^{1,2}(\varOmega)\cap C(\bar{\varOmega})$ or that $\varrho$ is bounded, $\varOmega$ is convex and $\{\varrho=0\}$ has codimension at least 2, we can show that the set $\{\varrho=0\}$ has $\mathcal{E}^{\varrho,a}$-capacity zero. Therefore, in this case we can even construct an associated conservative diffusion process in $\{\varrho>0\}$. This is essential for our application to continuous $N$-particle systems with singular interactions. Note that for the construction of the self-adjoint generator $(L^{\varrho,a},D(L^{\varrho,a}))$ and the Markov process $\bm{M}^{\varrho,a}$ we do not need to assume any differentiability condition on $\varrho$ and $a$. We obtain the following explicit representation of the generator for $\sqrt{\varrho}\in W^{1,2}(\varOmega)$ and $a\in W^{1,\infty}(\varOmega)$:$$ L^{\varrho,a}=\sum_{i,j=1}^n\partial_i(a_{ij}\partial_j)+\partial_i(\log\varrho)a_{ij}\partial_j. $$Note that the drift term can be singular, because we allow $\varrho$ to be zero on a set of Lebesgue measure zero. Our assumptions in this paper even allow a drift that is not integrable with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
Hope in adults, ages 20–59, with advanced stage cancer
Authors: Reynolds Mary Anne Hales 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives:The diagnosis of terminal cancer begins one of the most complex and challenging individual experiences of human life that requires multiple coping responses, one of those being hope. There are few studies that provide descriptions of hope over time for adults, ages 20–59, with advanced stage cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe hope as defined and experienced by young and middle age adults with advanced stage cancer.Methods:This descriptive, longitudinal qualitative research study interviewed 12 hopeful adults with advanced stage cancer once a month for 3 months.Results:By definition, this population exhibited high levels of hope at study entry. Hope scores did not change overtime. Four qualities associated with high levels of hope included: reliance on strong spiritual beliefs, maintenance of positive attitudes, accommodation of cancer symptoms, and the presence of supportive resource people. The emphasis or importance of each quality and specific hope related goals were determined and defined individually. Hope goals varied in degree of expectancy and concreteness and require reassessment as conditions change.Significances of results:By identifying an individual's hope goals, palliative care clinicians can then plan and implement interventions to move toward that hope goal.
Caregivers’ differing needs across key experiences of the advanced cancer disease trajectory
Authors: DuBenske Lori L. , Wen Kuang-Yi , Gustafson David H. , Guarnaccia Charles A. , Cleary James F. , Dinauer Susan K. , Mctavish Fiona M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives:Familial caregivers are providing increasing amounts of care to advanced cancer patients. Increased understanding of caregivers’ needs is vital in providing necessary support to lessen caregiver burden and morbidity. Current literature has identified caregiver and patient needs at broad stages of the cancer trajectory; however, such broad stages may be too general to inform a practice of targeting specific interventions when they have the greatest utility. This study examines a variety of particular needs across a number of more discrete illness-related transition experiences specifically in the advanced cancer disease trajectory.Methods:One hundred fifty-nine female informal caregivers of people with advanced cancer completed a needs assessment survey.Results:Analyses of these cross-sectional retrospective-report data reveal that cancer caregiver needs vary across specific key experiences occurring within the broader stages of illness identified by current literature. Furthermore, caregivers have unique needs during bereavement.Significance of results:Although the sample characteristics are demographically limited, this study provides preliminary evidence that the broad stages are not specific enough increments for effectively examining caregiver needs and supports the need for more precise distribution of cancer-related information at more discrete times in the illness course.
A novel non‐antibacterial, non‐chelating hydroxypyrazoline derivative of minocycline inhibits nociception and oedema in mice
Authors: Bastos L F S , Angusti A , Vilaça M C , Merlo L A , Nascimento E B , Rocha L T S , Godin A M , Solano A G R , Jarussophon S , Nunan E A , Konishi Y , Coelho M M 
Published: July 2008

Background and purpose:Many in vitro and fewer in vivo studies have shown that tetracyclines present anti‐inflammatory activity. We investigated if a novel non‐antibacterial, non‐chelating hydroxypyrazoline derivative of minocycline, 12S‐hydroxy‐1,12‐pyrazolinominocycline (PMIN), also induced antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory effects.Experimental approach:Antibacterial effects against a minocycline‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strain were evaluated by applying a cylinder‐plate agar diffusion technique. Antibacterial effects of diluted serum from mice pre‐treated with minocycline or PMIN were also evaluated. Ca2+ binding activity was assessed by spectrophotometry. Formalin‐induced nociceptive responses and carrageenan‐induced paw oedema were evaluated in mice. The rota‐rod apparatus was used to evaluate motor coordination.Key results:Minocycline, but not PMIN, inhibited bacterial growth. Serum from mice treated with minocycline, but not with PMIN, also induced such an effect. The UV absorption spectrum of solutions of minocycline, but not those of PMIN, was markedly changed in the presence of Ca2+. Minocycline or PMIN inhibited both phases of formalin‐induced nociception and carrageenan‐induced paw oedema. It is unlikely that antinociception resulted from lack of motor coordination, as tetracycline did not impair the performance of mice on the rotating rod.Conclusions and implications:These results indicate that inhibition of nociception and oedema by tetracyclines is neither necessarily linked to antibacterial nor to Ca2+chelating activities. This study supports the evaluation of the potential usefulness of PMIN in the treatment of painful and inflammatory diseases, as its lack of antibacterial and Ca2+chelating activities might confer greater safety over conventional tetracyclines.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 714–721; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.303; published online 28 July 2008
Antinociceptive effects of tetrazole inhibitors of endocannabinoid inactivation: cannabinoid and non‐cannabinoid receptor‐mediated mechanisms
Authors: Maione S , Morera E , Marabese I , Ligresti A , Luongo L , Ortar G , Di Marzo V 
Published: July 2008

Background and purpose:Tetrazoles were recently developed as inhibitors of the cellular uptake of the endocannabinoid anandamide or of its hydrolysis by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), but were proposed to act also on non‐endocannabinoid‐related serine hydrolases.Experimental approach:We tested, in a model of inflammatory pain induced in mice by formalin, five chemically similar inhibitors: (i) OMDM119 and OMDM122, two potent carbamoyl tetrazole FAAH inhibitors with no effect on anandamide uptake; (ii) LY2183240, a carbamoyl tetrazole with activity as both FAAH and uptake inhibitor; (iii) OMDM132, a non‐carbamoyl tetrazole with activity only as uptake inhibitor and iv) OMDM133, a non‐carbamoyl tetrazole with no activity at either FAAH or uptake.Results:All compounds (2.5–10 mg kg−1, i.p.) inhibited the second phase of the nocifensive response induced by intraplantar injection of formalin. The effects of OMDM119, OMDM122 and OMDM133 were not antagonized by pretreatment with cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, such as rimonabant or AM251 (1–3 mg kg−1, i.p.). The effects of LY2183240 and OMDM132 were fully or partially antagonized by rimonabant, respectively, and the latter compound was also partly antagonized by the CB2 receptor antagonist, AM630.Conclusions and implications:(i) non‐FAAH hydrolases might be entirely responsible for the antinociceptive activity of some, but not all, tetrazole FAAH inhibitors, (ii) the presence of a carbamoylating group is neither necessary nor sufficient for such compounds to act through targets other than FAAH and (iii) inhibition of anandamide uptake is responsible for part of this antinociceptive activity, independently of effects on FAAH.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 775–782; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.308; published online 28 July 2008
Frequent Sampling Reveals Dynamic Responses by the Transcriptome to Routine Media Replacement in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Morgan Kevin T. , Casey Warren , Easton Marilyn , Creech Don , Hong Ni  , Yoon Lawrence , Anderson Steve , Qualls Charles W. , Crosby Lynn M. , Macpherson Alistair , Bloomfield Peter , Elston Timothy C. 
Published: July 2008

Cultured cell lines are employed extensively for biological research. Large-scale differential gene expression (LSDGE) is being used to study mechanisms of toxicity in such cultures. `Normal' gene expression dynamics could have a major impact on the design and interpretation of these studies. In order to provide understanding of such dynamics, we investigated LSDGE responses to media replacement in human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) using 5-minute sampling frequencies for 6 hours post routine media replacement. Each mRNA transcript was found to exhibit a characteristic `operating range' based on signal intensity. Following media replacement, which replenishes nutrients (eg, glucose and glutamate) and removes excretory products (eg, lactate), a complex set of gene expression changes was observed. Some transcripts appeared to switch on from a quiescent state to a very active one (eg, CYP1A1), others exhibited `clocklike' oscillations (eg, asparagine synthetase), or a synchronous burst (chirp) of expression up regulation (eg, timeless). Mathematical analysis (Fourier Transform, Singular Value Decomposition, Wavelets, Phase Analysis) of oscillating expression patterns identified cycle lengths ranging from 11.8 to 210 minutes. There were prominent 36.5- and 17.4-minute cycles, for subsets of genes, and transcript-specific differences in phase angle with respect to these cycles. The functional consequences of these novel observations remain to be determined. It is clear that dense time-course studies provide a valuable approach to the investigation of physiological responses to nutrients, toxicants, and other environmental variables. This research also highlights the need for an understanding of biological dynamics when using cell culture systems. An Excel data file representing individual transcripts from the respective Clontech cDNA arrays referred to in this article is available at http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0192-6233. Rows represent data for individual transcripts and columns represent the time-points from 0 to 360 minutes. To access this file, click on the issue link for 31(4), then select this article. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.toxpath.org.
PIGS: automatic prediction of antibody structures
Authors: Marcatili Paolo , Rosi Alessandra , Tramontano Anna 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Summary: We describe a web server for the automatic prediction of immunoglobulin variable domains based on the canonical structure model. The server is user-friendly and flexible. It allows the user to select the templates for the frameworks and the loops using different strategies. The final output is a full-fledged 3D model of the variable domains of the target immunoglobulin.
Availability: The server is openly accessible to academic users at the address: http://arianna.bio.uniroma1.it/pigs. It does not require registration and there is no limit to the number of sequences that can be submitted.
Contact: anna.tramontano@uniroma1.it