bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to implementing and financing primary health care in Kenya: a case of seven counties
Authors: Karimi Janette , Hussien Salim , Wangia Elizabeth , Kimani Mercy-Irene , Mohamed Mohamud , Wanda Melissa , Muganda Rosemarie , Ndirangu Rachel , Mwai Daniel , Wanjala Mercy , Richter Fadhila 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundKenya has prioritized Primary Health Care as an indispensable foundation to realize UHC by 2022. Integral to this approach’s operationalization is the adoption of the primary health care networks (PCNs) model to strengthen service delivery efficiency and coordination. The PCNs are coordinated by a Multidisciplinary Team (MDT). The MDT is dynamic and should comprise a care and support team that matches patient health needs and the catchment population. This scholarly article delineates the outcomes of an investigative assessment reviewing the current state and trajectory of PHC implementation, focusing on the PCN implementation, and analyzing PHC financing modalities in 7 counties in Kenya.MethodsThis study employed a mixed-methodological approach to gather data from seven counties; Garissa, Nyeri, Makueni, Vihiga, Kisumu, Nakuru, and Mombasa. Key informant interviews were conducted with county health officials and partners. Additionally, counties were supplied with templates for qualitative data. Data was subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsSuccessful implementation of PCNs was positively correlated with robust county-level leadership, prioritization of PHC funding, intersectoral collaboration, and joint planning initiatives. Counties which had achieved high levels of community health unit (CHU) establishment and functionality were more adept at successfully mapping and operationalizing PCNs. All participating counties adopted Sub-County Health Management Teams (SCHMTs) as the MDTs due to staffing limitations at primary care facilities consequently inhibiting the capacity for effective MDT engagement. Fiscal commitments at the county level were imperative for facilitating the mobility of MDTs and orchestrating community outreach initiatives. Reimbursements from the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) served as a pivotal financial conduit for the sustenance of primary care facilities.ConclusionThe study finds that robust leadership, funding, collaboration, and planning were crucial for the effective operationalization and financial structuring of PCNs. The study recommends that the county governments should invest more in PHC infrastructure, equipment, and supplies, as well as in strengthening the capacity and mobility of MDTs. The study also suggests that uptake of NHIF will enhance the sustainability of PCNs.
Comparative clinical impact of low-curvature and normal-curvature titanium mesh in cranioplasty: a retrospective analysis of patient outcomes
Authors: Yang Shengkai , Chen Weihua , Teng Hongwei , Zhang Lei , Ji Kangkang , Zhou Hai 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of two types of cranioplasty surgery involving low-curvature and normal-curvature titanium mesh, respectively.MethodsThe clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients undergoing skull defect repair surgery between January 2021 and December 2022. The clinical outcomes associated with the two surgical approaches were compared and analyzed.ResultsA total of 67 patients who underwent skull defect repair surgery were enrolled, with 22 in the low-curvature titanium mesh group and 45 in the normal-curvature titanium mesh group. Both before and after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, the hospital stay for the low-curvature titanium mesh group was significantly shorter than that for the normal-curvature mesh group (Before: 9.14 ± 2.64 vs. 12.51 ± 4.15, P = 0.001; After: 9.44 ± 2.83 vs. 12.13 ± 4.40, P = 0.048). The low-curvature group exhibited lower overall hospitalization costs than the normal-curvature group (Before: 23500. ± 900. vs. 24,900. ± 1,100., P &lt; 0.001; After: 23,300. ± 800. vs. 24,100. ± 1,000., P = 0.026). Moreover, satisfaction with molding (Before: 4.23 ± 0.75 vs. 3.18 ± 0.81, P = 0.001; After: 4.13 ± 0.72 vs. 3.25 ± 0.78, P &lt; 0.001), Karnofsky's Performance Status score (Before: 93.32 ± 1.67 vs. 90.38 ± 3.50, P = 0.001; After: 93.56 ± 1.75 vs. 91.00 ± 3.78, P &lt; 0.001), and Quality of Life score (Before: 52.95 ± 2.13 vs. 50.18 ± 3.54, P = 0.001; After: 53.31 ± 2.12 vs. 50.38 ± 4.23, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the low-curvature titanium mesh group than the normal-curvature titanium mesh group.ConclusionsApplying low-curvature titanium mesh for skull repair effectively shortens the hospital stay, reduces overall hospitalization costs,enhances patient satisfaction with surgical modeling, and improves the postoperative functional status and quality of life of patients undergoing neurosurgery. These advantages warrant further clinical promotion.
Helminth absence and invasion success of blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) in Thailand
Authors: Suwannarat Nannaphat , Ribas Alexis , Miquel Jordi , Poonlaphdecha Srisupaph 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThis study investigates the helminth absence in the invasive blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) in Thailand, testing the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH). The ERH suggests that invasive species thrive in new habitats due to the lack of natural parasites that control their populations in native environments. The recent introduction of S. melanotheron in Thailand has raised concerns about its ecological and economic impacts.MethodsWe surveyed 164 blackchin tilapia from six different locations in Chumphon Province, Thailand, including the sea, estuary, canal, and shrimp farms, examining them for helminths. Fishermen provided data on the first capture dates in the surveyed areas to determine how long the populations have been established.ResultsNo helminths were detected in any of the examined fish. The absence of parasites was consistent across all surveyed environments, suggesting a lack of parasitic burden in the population.DiscussionThe absence of helminths may contribute to the successful expansion of S. melanotheron in Thailand, supporting the Enemy Release Hypothesis.
The association between coding for chronic kidney disease and kidney replacement therapy incidence at CCG-level in England: an ecological study
Authors: Lindemann Christoph Heinrich , Medcalf James , Hollinshead James FV , Nitsch Dorothea 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundWith ageing of the population both prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and incidence of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are rising. Existing research suggests that Read-coding for CKD in those affected is associated with better implementation of recommended care and fewer hospitalisations for heart failure.AimTo investigate whether coding for CKD is associated with regional KRT incidence in England.Design & settingThis is an ecological study using the clinical commissioning groups (CCG) in England as geographical units.MethodKRT incidence rates were calculated using UK Renal Registry (UKRR) data from 01/2019 to 12/2021. Data on the percentage of uncoded CKD patients (PUCP) who had laboratory evidence of CKD but lacked a diagnostic code were obtained from the CVDPREVENT Audit, a national audit that extracts routinely held general practitioner data. Data on confounders and acute kidney injury (AKI) mortality as a marker for population frailty were obtained from CVDPREVENT and the UKRR, respectively. Poisson models assessed the association between PUCP and KRT incidence.ResultsAfter adjusting, the PUCP was non-linearly associated with KRT incidence, with the CCGs in the lowest PUCP quintile having a lower KRT incidence than the others. There was evidence that this association was more pronounced in CCGs with high AKI mortality compared to CCGs with low AKI mortality.ConclusionAt the geographical level in England, the data suggests that the prevalence of not having formally diagnosed CKD is non-linearly associated with a higher KRT incidence rate, especially in areas with a high AKI mortality.
Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Breadfruit Peel (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) and Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Levels
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Febriana , Arifin Ibrahim , Anwar Khoirul 
Published: February 2025

Breadfruit peel (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These compounds have benefits as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of breadfruit peel by using the ABTS (2,2- Azinobis (3- Ethylbenzothaizoline-6- Sulfonic Acid) method and determining the total phenolic and flavonoid levels. The skin of breadfruit is extracted using a method with a 96% ethanol solvent. The results of the extract were tested for antioxidant activity by ABTS and trolox methods as a comparison, and the total phenolic and flavonoid levels were determined by comparing gallic acid and quercetin using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results of the absorbance data were analyzed by linear regression to obtain IC₅₀ values. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels were expressed by mgGAE/gram extract and mgQE/gram extract. The results showed that the extract ethanol of breadfruit peel extracted by maceration method obtained IC₅₀ 47.86±0.07 ppm, trolox IC₅₀ 20.17±0.06 ppm. The determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid levels was obtained as 280.70±2.54 mg GAE/gram and 5,51±0.02 mgQE/gram extract. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of breadfruit peel is categorized as a very powerful antioxidant.
Keywords: antioxidants; breadfruit peel; flavonoids; phenolics
A study on the classification of threading dislocations in GaN substrate by spot size using X-ray topography high-resolution image
Authors: Kanechika Masakazu , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Kishida Yoshihiro , Kitazumi Kohsuke , Isegawa Kazuhisa , Kimoto Yasuji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We studied the classification of threading dislocations in an ammonothermal GaN substrate by analyzing the spot size in dislocation images obtained via synchrotron back-reflection X-ray topography. The spot size reflects the lattice distortion or strain surrounding the dislocations, enabling us to categorize the dislocation types based on their respective spot sizes. To achieve this, we employed both a high-quality X-ray camera and a high monochromatic X-ray. Consequently, we classified the dislocations based on spot size in X-ray topography images using the 0008-reflection plane and experimentally determined that the small, middle and large spots correspond to edge dislocations, mixed dislocations with b = na + 1c (n=1, 2), and mixed dislocations with Burgers vectors with b = na + 2c (n=1, 2), respectively. This method is promising for the non-destructive classification of dislocations across an entire surface in a short time.
Self-assembled GaAs quantum dashes for direct alignment of liquid crystals on a III–V semiconductor surface
Authors: Villanti Hugo , Plissard Sébastien , Doucet Jean-Baptiste , Arnoult Alexandre , Reig Benjamin , Dupont Laurent , Bardinal Véronique 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of tunable photonic devices is strategic for miniaturized optical instrumentation and sensing systems. Exploiting the birefringence variation of liquid crystals (LCs) instead of MEMS actuation in such devices could bring better spectral stability and lower power consumption. However, aligning LCs inside a III–V semiconductor device is tricky. We demonstrate that self-assembled gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum dashes (QDHs) could serve as direct planar aligners for LC nematic molecules. The alignment quality and birefringence variation of a LC-microcell embedding QDHs are shown to be similar to those of a polymer nanograting-based reference, with the added advantage of better electrical performance.
Title Strategy in Al-Jawahiri’s Poetry: Royal Poems as a Model
Authors: Al-Saedi Rahim Khreibet , Hussein Star Jabr 
Published: February 2025

Modern critical studies have followed all the textual accompaniments of the produced literary text, giving significant attention to the title, particularly in poetic texts where this documentary act was absent in previous eras. This absence was due to the poet’s preoccupation with live recitation, neglecting the importance of providing this verbal prelude (the title). In fact, this act (titling a poem) was often absent even in poetic texts that were written rather than orally transmitted. Classical criticism compensated for this deficiency through poetry collectors, commentators on diwans, and text editors.
In alignment with modern critical approaches that consider all linguistic markers accompanying the text as guiding elements for uncovering its hidden meanings, this study examines the strategy of titling in the poetry of Al-Jawahiri. It takes the "Royal" poems as a practical field of application to determine the linguistic and semantic nature of titles, the extent of their directness and implicit suggestiveness, and the type of method the poet used in crafting them. The titling methods varied: some titles were derived from a dominant linguistic element within the poem, others from an excerpt with strong presence at the poem’s opening, while some were inspired by the occasion for which the poem was composed.
Gambaran Penderita Infeksi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus yang Dirawat di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja Periode 2004 â€“ 2008
Authors: Anggraeni Renata , Santoso Mardi 
Published: February 2025

Abstrak Diabetes Melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Dari sekian banyak Infeksi pada diabetes melitus yang banyak dijumpai adalah Ulkus diabetik, TBC paru, Candidiasis Oral. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran infeksi pada penderita Diabetes mellitus berdasarkan kelompok umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan dan tinggi badan, tekanan darah, yang berada di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam di RSUD Koja periode 2004 â€“ 2008. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey yang bersifat cross sectional dengan populasi semua pasien penderita sakit sendi yang berobat di Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dari 250 pasien 48,8% menderita Ulkus Diabetik, 29,6% menderita TBC Paru, dan 21,6% menderita Candidiasis Oral dengan jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah perempuan sebesar 60,8% dan berusia antara 45 â€“ 65 tahun sebanyak 50%. Dari ratio berat badan dan tinggi badan sebanyak 69,2% penderita termasuk kategori gemuk. Dari pengukuran tekanan darah didapati 33,2% menderita hipertensi derajat 1.Â Kata kunci : infeksi, DMÂ Abstract Diabetes Melitus is a metabolic disease with characteristic of hiperglikemia resulting abnormality of insulin secrecy. Among various infections of diabetes mellitus, the most famous cases are Ulkus Diabetic, Lung TBC, Oral Candidiasis. The purpose of this research is to find the prevalence of infection on patients of Diabetes mellitus based on age, sex, weight, height, and blood tension at RSUD Kojaâ€™s Internist Ward, period of 2004 â€“ 2008. Research Design is survey method and cross sectional in nature by population of entire joint-ache patients who are having treatment at RSUD Kojaâ€™s Internist. The result shows that from 250 patients, 48,8% suffer Ulkus Diabetik, 29,6% suffer Lung TBC, and 21,6% suffer Oral Candidiasis and mostly suffered by women, ie 60,8% and in age range between 45 â€“ 65 years, ie 50%. As for weight and height ratio, 69,2% patients are regarded as obesse and as for blood tension, it is found that 33,2% have stage one hypertension.Â Key word: Infection, prevalence, Diabetes MelitusÂ
Hubungan Lama Kejadian dan Manajemen Selama Interhospital Transfer dengan Rapid Acute Physiology Score Penderita Trauma Multipel
Authors: Winaktu Holly 
Published: February 2025

AbstrakTrauma merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih dihadapi oleh banyak negara. Tujuan dari interhospital transferÂ adalah untuk menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas, kebutuhan interhospital transferÂ meningkat disebabkan karena kurangnya sarana fasilitas kesehatan. Selama proses interhospital transfer dapat terjadi perburukan kondisi pada pasien trauma multipel. Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS) merupakan skor fisiologis yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai perubahan kondisi fisiologis yang terjadi selama proses interhospital transfer.Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara lama kejadian dengan nilai RAPS, dan apakah terdapat hubungan manajemen selama interhospital transferÂ dengan RAPS. Beberapa studi sebelumnya menunjukan tidak adanya hubungan antara lama dengan hasil. Studi yang digunakan menggunakan observasional analitik dengan consecutive sampling dilakukan pada 66 orang pasien yang mengalami trauma multipel. Pengambilan data antara bulan Agustus-Oktober 2014. Lama kejadian, manajemen selama interhospital transfer, nilai fisiologis berupa nadi, pernapasan, kesadaran, dan tekanan darah semua dicatat dan dianalisis. Secara deskriptif rata-rata lama kejadian paling tinggi dimiliki oleh kelompok pasien yang mengalami penurunan RAPS yakni 1.54Â Â± 0.67 jam, dengan uji korelasi Spearman didapatkan p = 0.740, tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara lama kejadian dengan nilai RAPS. Kelompok subjek yang tidak diberikan manajemen interhospital transfer, relatif mengalami peningkatan nilai RAPS yakni sebanyak 19 (28.4%) orang. Sedangkan subjek yang diberikan manajemen interhospital transfer, relatif mengalami penurunan RAPS yakni sebanyak 15 (22.4%) orang. Dengan uji korelasi Chi-square, didapatkan p = 0,001 terdapat hubugnan yang bermakna antara manajemen interhospital transfer dengan RAPS.Kata kunci: Lama kejadian, manajemen interhospital transfer, RAPSÂ
Filariasis Limfatik pada Anakâ€“anak
Authors: Sari Monica Puspa 
Published: February 2025

AbstrakFilariasisÂ limfatikÂ diakuiÂ telahÂ menyebarÂ danÂ merupakanÂ penyakit serius padaÂ orang dewasa.Â Sedangkan pada anakâ€“anak, filariasis limfatik hanya terjadi secara sporadis. Filariasis limfatikÂ merupakanÂ penyakit menularÂ yang menyerangÂ jaringanÂ limfatik manusiaÂ pada negara tropis yangÂ menyebabkanÂ limfedema pada anggota badan, hidrokel, dan serangan acute dermatolimphangioadentisis (ADLA). Perkembangan diagnosis sekarang dapat membantu mengenal atau mengetahui bahwa infeksi filariasis limfatik sering didapat pada masa anak-anak. Deteksi antigen dan antibodi, Doppler ultrasonografi dan limfoskintigrafi dapat membantu memahami kelainan subklinis filariasis limfatik pada anak-anak.Kata kunciÂ : filariasis limfatik, anak-anak, kelainan subklinik
Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Melioidosis
Authors: Dharmawan Ade , Anastasia Monica Cherlady 
Published: February 2025

AbstrakMelioidosismerupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan akibat kontak dengantanah dan air yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteriBurkholderiapseudomallei. Melioidosis terjadi secara endemik di Australia Utara dan Asia Tenggara. Infeksi dapat terjadi melalui kulit yang terabrasi, inhalasi, dan tertelan. Gejala klinisnya tidak khas, diagnosis pasti dapat ditegakkan dengan kultur mikroorganisme penyebab. Terapi antibiotika yang tepat dapat menurunkan mortalitas dan mencegah kekambuhan melioidosis.Â Kata Kunci: Melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomalleiÂ Abstract Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by contact with soil and water contaminated by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis occurs endemic in Northern Australia and Southeast Asia. Infections can occur by skin abrasions, inhalation and ingestion. The clinical symptoms are not typical, definitve diagnosis with cultures of microorganisms. Appropriate antibiotic therapy can reduce mortality and prevent recurrence of melioidosis.Â Key Words: Melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei
Fibroblas: Struktur dan Peranannya dalam Penyembuhan Luka
Authors: Sumbayak Erma Mexcorry 
Published: February 2025

AbstrakSel fibroblas merupakan sel yang paling umum ditemui pada jaringan ikat dan mensintesis beberapa komponen matriks ekstraseluler (kolagen, elastin, retikuler), beberapa makromolekul anionik (glikosaminoglikans, proteoglikans). Luka merupakan keadaan rusaknya jaringan tubuh. Setelah terbentuk luka, akan terjadi proses yang sangat kompleks. Proses tersebut terdiri dari fase homeostasis dan inflamasi, proliferasi dan maturasi. Proses penyembuhan luka sangat dipengaruhi oleh peranan migrasi dan proliferasi fibroblas pada area perlukaan. Proliferasi dari fibroblas menentukan hasil akhir dari penyembuhan luka. Fibroblas akan menghasilkan kolagen yang akan menautkan luka, dan fibroblas juga akan mempengaruhi proses reepitelisasi yang akan menutup luka.Â Kata kunci: luka, fibroblas, kolagenÂ AbstractFibroblasts are the most common cells found in connective tissue and synthesize some extracellular matrix components (collagen, elastin , reticular), some anionic macromolecules (glicosaminoglican, proteoglicans). Injury is a state of body tissue damage. Once injured, the healing will be a very complex process . The process consists of phases homeostasis and inflammation , proliferation and maturation. The process of wound healing is influenced by the role of migration and proliferation of fibroblasts in the area of injury. Proliferation of fibroblasts determine the final outcome of wound healing . Fibroblasts will produce collagen, which will link the wound , and fibroblasts also affects reepitilization process which would cover the wound .Â Key words : injury, fibroblast, collagenÂ language:IN'> many factors such as caffeine pharmacology effects, genetic predisposition, caffeine-withdrawal symptoms, age, and social norms. The increasing the number of coffee shops in Indonesia increase the chance of people to be caffeine addict. Hence,Â socialization on preventing caffeine addiction, management of caffeine addiction, and psychotherapy should be given.Â Â Key words: caffeine, caffeine addiction, caffeine intoxicationÂ
Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Terkini Pituitary Tumor
Authors: Stevenson William 
Published: February 2025

Abstrak Hipofisis dikenal sebagai "master gland" karena membantu untuk mengontrol sekresi hormon kelenjar lain dan target organ dalam tubuh mencakup tiroid, adrenal, testis, dan ovarium. Tumor hipofisis insidensnya 12 -19% dari semua tumor otak, membuat mereka yang ketiga yang paling umum tumor otak primer pada orang dewasa, meningioma berikut dan glioma. Tumor hipofisis dapat ditemukan di setiap kelompok umur, insiden cenderung meningkat sesuai usia.Â Wanita didiagnosa tumor hipofisis lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Pengobatan tumor hipofisis tergantung pada aktivitas hormonal tumor, ukuran dan lokasi tumor, serta usia dan kondisi umum dari penderita. Tujuan pengobatan untuk menghilangkan tumor, mengurangi atau mengontrol ukuran tumor, dan / atau untuk mengatur keseimbangan kadar hormon.1Â Kata kunci : Hipofisis,Â tumor,Â kelenjar, pengobatanÂ Â Abstract Pituitary gland is known as the â€œmaster glandâ€ because it controls the secretion of hormones from a number glands and â€œtargetâ€ organs in the body. These include the thyroid, the adrenals, testes and ovaries. Pituitary tumors account for 12 -19% of all primary brain tumors, making them the third most common primary brain tumor in adults, following meningiomas and the gliomas. Pituitary tumors can be found in every age group, but their incidence tends to increase with age. Â Women are diagnosed with pituitary tumors slightly more often than men. Treatment of a pituitary tumor depends on the hormonal activity of the tumor, the size and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the person with the tumor. The goals of treatment are to remove the tumor, to reduce or control tumor size, and/or to re-balance hormone levels. 1Â Keywords : Pituitary,Â tumor,Â glands, treatments