bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trois types d'intervention du tourisme dans l'organisation de l'espace littoral
Authors: Barbaza Yvette 
Published: October 2008

Plutôt qu'une fin en soi, l'étude du tourisme doit être, pour le géographe, un moyen d'appréhender les effets de l'apparition d'un nouvel élément dans le complexe d'activités et de rapports de forces qui définissent une portion de l'espace et dans les systèmes de relations qui le structurent. Cet article a pour objet de proposer quelques réflexions sur ce dernier terme et une première approche typologique appliquée au littoral méditerranéen.
A partir de trois séries de critères (degré d'occupation et plus ou moins grande vitalité des activités antérieurement à l'apparition du tourisme ; caractère spontané ou volontaire des équipements ; caractère ponctuel ou continu des implantations), trois types d'intervention du tourisme dans l'espace littoral ont été reconnus :
— le type Costa Brava : un littoral rocheux, sans hinterland mais très articulé, aux nombreux petits ports précocement occupés, aux activités traditionnelles très diverses mais d'un dynamisme inégal, sans unité, mais dont les paysages, le climat, la situation sont particulièrement attractifs, est bouleversé par l'intervention spontanée du tourisme qui lui apporte, avec le désenclavement, une organisation et une unité fonctionnelles, mais compromet à la fois ses paysages et ses valeurs sociales et spirituelles ;
— le type roumain-bulgare, où les équipements ont précédé la venue des touristes. Les « stations » (Mamaia, Les Sables d'Or...) représentent un type d'implantation ponctuel, rigoureusement fonctionnel, un espace-vacances à l'état pur. Mais elles ne modifient guère l'organisation antérieure de l'espace fondée sur le pouvoir de commandement des grands ports (Constantza, Varna, Bourgas) ;
— le type Languedoc-Roussillon, où s'affirme la volonté de mettre en valeur, sur un espace continu, un potentiel touristique jusqu'ici délaissé, avec le souci d'entraîner l'arrière-pays dans cet effort de promotion régionale. Cette action concertée, dans le cadre de la politique d'aménagement du territoire, devrait aboutir à une organisation fonctionnelle et rationnelle de l'espace.
Un exemple d'invasion polaire sur la région mauritano-sénégalaise
Authors: Le Borgne Jean 
Published: October 2008

La genèse, l'évolution et les effets de l'invasion polaire qui a provoqué, du 16 au 22 décembre 1976, sur la Mauritanie, le Sénégal, le Mali et la Guinée-Bissau, des pluies dont l'extension vers le sud a été remarquable, sont étudiés à l'aide des cartes synoptiques de surface et d'altitude, des isohyètes ainsi que des photos de satellites.
La fréquence de ce type de temps est également calculée à partir des pluies enregistrées de 1931 à 1960. Sont examinées aussi les variations du total et de l'intensité des précipitations dans le temps et dans l'espace.
On en conclut que le nombre de passages pluvieux est très variable d'une année à l'autre. Il est plus important au nord qu'au sud et il en est noté une augmentation au cours de la dernière décade d'observation. La moyenne est de 5 par an. Faibles en général, ces pluies d'hiver n'ont de valeur économique que dans le nord de la Mauritanie où elles peuvent atteindre 28 % du total annuel. C'est en décembre, d'abord, en février, ensuite, qu'elles sont les plus abondantes et les plus intenses.
L'accent est mis, en conclusion, sur la grande extension vers le sud de certaines coulées, comme celle décrite dans cet article, et sur l'importance de la circulation des moyennes et hautes latitudes sur le temps et la genèse des perturbations des régions tropicales.
Les industries électrométallurgiques et électrochimiques en Norvège
Authors: Pinard Jacques 
Published: October 2008

Les industries électrométallurgiques et électrochimiques ont connu un grand développement en Norvège depuis un demi-siècle. La courbe de production de l'aluminium est presque parallèle à celle de la production d'hydroélectricité et les usines ont diversifié leurs fabrications fournissant maintenant des produits semi-finis et finis qui permettent le maintien de l'emploi. Le prix relativement peu élevé de l'hydroélectricité compense le coût des matières premières qui doivent être importées.
Les premières sociétés industrielles avaient été fondées avec des capitaux étrangers. L'Etat a voulu, par souci d'indépendance économique, créer ses propres entreprises qui sont aujourd'hui au premier rang de ces productions et qui possèdent de nombreux établissements de toutes les tailles. Le but de toutes les firmes est d'exporter après avoir satisfait les besoins nationaux. Après s'être implantées dans les premières décennies du siècle près des centrales hydroélectriques, les usines recherchent aujourd'hui la proximité des littoraux pour bénéficier des avantages du transport maritime. Des établissements ont aussi été récemment implantés dans le nord du pays pour y retenir la population qui a tendance à glisser vers le sud.
Les marchés forains : un domaine géographique à explorer et exploiter
Authors: Troin Jean-François 
Published: October 2008

French markets in urban and peri-urban areas are withstanding the super markets competition, specially in suburbs and in the first outskirts belt. In french rural areas, markets are mainly food suppliers and customers expenses are more important than on urban markets.
In developing countries, markets show accurately the standard of rural way of life (note the difference between Morocco and Algeria).
Compared commercial structures allow to know the influence of the urban way of life : parisian markets are similar to Kabylie's markets ; clothing stands are numerous on french markets; rural products still appear on moroccan « souks ». Finally, markets can help to revivify depressed areas and could be used as regional planning tools.
Les étrangers en France, étude géographique
Authors: George Pierre 
Published: October 2008

L'immigration est, en France, une constante de longue date, mais au cours des dernières décennies, elle a changé de contenu. Les « voisins », Italiens et Espagnols, progressivement assimilés, ont été remplacés par les Maghrébins et les Portugais, respectivement 1 416 000 et 764 000 sur 3 680 000 étrangers d'après le recensement de 1982. Parmi les nouveaux venus, les « Africains noirs », mais aussi les réfugiés du Sud-Est asiatique.
La localisation reste aussi une constante : la majeure partie des immigrés est recensée dans la moitié nord-est du territoire et centrée surtout dans les régions urbaines et industrielles, région parisienne, région lyonnaise, Marseille, l'Est industriel. Une exception également traditionnelle, le Bassin aquitain.
A l'intérieur des agglomérations urbaines, la fixation des immigrés obéit à des processus classiques, passant des tristes « lieux d'accueil » initiaux, bidonvilles et taudis, à des résidences moins ingrates au fur et à mesure de l'intégration. Mais les différences culturelles contribuent à maintenir ou à développer le phénomène de « ghetto ».
Cadre de vie urbain et problèmes de l'eau en Afrique noire
Authors: Vennetier Pierre 
Published: October 2008

In the context of a fast-growing urbanization, water scarcity is one of the most acute problems faced by government bodies in Black Africa. Despite heavy investments, urban dwellers hardly get enough drinkable water. The expansion of urbanized area and the prevalence of low income families combine their effects : only the well-off and the prime areas are satisfactorily deserved by individual running water taps. On the other hand, most of the people have to use the too rare public taps, of are compelled either to buy water at a high coast front water sellers, either to use wells, springs ore ponds, whose water is too often polluted. As a result, a low level of water consumption and a high mortality rate (particularly for infant mortality) testify for shocking social inequalities.
Surface water as well might be unsafe. Illegal dwellings have been constructed in areas normally unfit for residence. On the denudate soils of steep slopes heavy downpours furrow disastrous gullies. Valleys and lowlands are afflicted by sudden floods or by intense alluviation. Marshes, lagoons and flood affected areas are colonized by insalubrious quarters where thousands of people live in unhealthy surroundings. In all the low-income groups residential areas, the bad areas, the bad maintenance or the complete lack of sewerage and drainage systems rise serious issues : rainwater stagnates, waste household waters stretch over the roads, latrines and free defecation are more and more threatening.
Évolution de la pollution atmosphérique en France. De la pollution locale à la pollution globale
Authors: Garrec Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2008

En France au cours du 20e siècle et avec le début de l'ère industrielle, la pollution atmosphérique a constamment évolué dans le temps. On peut distinguer 3 périodes caractéristiques :
— 1910-1980 : période caractérisée par des polluants primaires avec des effets sévères, mais localisés sur la forêt ;
— 1980-1990 : période caractérisée par des polluants secondaires moins concentrés mais avec un impact à l'échelle régionale et l'apparition de dépérissements forestiers ;
— 1990-.... : l'augmentation de nombreux gaz à l'état de traces dans l'atmosphère risque d'entraîner un effet de serre au niveau de la planète, avec des effets difficilement prévisibles sur les forêts.
Protein‐Resistant Surfaces through Mild Dopamine Surface Functionalization
Authors: Wach Jean‐Yves , Malisova Barbora , Bonazzi Simone , Tosatti Samuele , Textor Marcus , Zürcher Stefan , Gademann Karl 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and evaluation of new dopamine‐based catechol anchors coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for surface modification of TiO2 are reported. Dopamine is modified by dimethylamine–methylene (7) or trimethylammonium–methylene (8) groups, and the preparation of mPEG‐Glu didopamine polymer 11 is presented. All these PEG polymers allow stable adlayers on TiO2 to be generated through mild dip‐and‐rinse procedures, as evaluated both by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting surfaces substantially reduced protein adsorption upon exposure to full human serum.
Solvent Effects on Environmentally Coupled Hydrogen Tunnelling During Catalysis by Dihydrofolate Reductase from Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Loveridge E. Joel , Evans Rhiannon M. , Allemann Rudolf K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProtein motions may be perturbed by altering the properties of the reaction medium. Here we show that dielectric constant, but not viscosity, affects the rate of the hydride‐transfer reaction catalysed by dihydrofolate reductase from Thermotoga maritima (TmDHFR), in which quantum‐mechanical tunnelling has previously been shown to be driven by protein motions. Neither dielectric constant nor viscosity directly alters the kinetic isotope effect of the reaction or the mechanism of coupling of protein motions to tunnelling. Glycerol and sucrose cause a significant increase in the rate of hydride transfer, but lead to a reduction in the magnitude of the kinetic isotope effect as well as an extension of the temperature range over which “passive” protein dynamics (rather than “active” gating motions) dominate the reaction. Our results are in agreement with the proposal that non‐equilibrium dynamical processes (promoting motions) drive the hydride‐transfer reaction in TmDHFR.
ChemInform Abstract: LiSc(BH4)4: A Novel Salt of Li+ and Discrete Sc(BH4)4‐ Complex Anions.
Authors: Hagemann Hans , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorous Acid and Urea: Valuable Sources of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ammonium‐Thorium Phosphates.
Authors: Salvado Miguel A. , Pertierra Pilar , Bortun Anatoly I. , Trobajo Camino , Garcia Jose R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of a New Compound, Pyrochlore‐Type Sn1.24Ti1.94O3.66 (OH)1.50F1.42.
Authors: Xie Yahong , Yin Shu , Yamane Hisanori , Hashimoto Takatoshi , Machida Hiroshi , Sato Tsugio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoreductive Self‐Assembly from [MoVI7O24]6‐ to Antitumoral [H2MoV12O28(OH)12 (MoVIO3)4]6‐ in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Yamase Toshihiro , Ishikawa Eri 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Lacunary Polyoxometalates and High‐Nuclear Transition‐Metal Clusters under Hydrothermal Conditions. Part 6. Two Hexanickel‐Substituted Keggin‐Type Germanotungstates.
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Wei , Zhang Jie , Song You , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exceptionally Efficient Unsymmetrical Ruthenium(II) NNN Complex Catalysts Bearing a Pyridyl‐Based Pyrazolyl—Imidazolyl Ligand for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Zeng Fanlong , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidative Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl, Tetrahydropyranyl and Methoxymethyl Ethers under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Saeidi Saeideh 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organozinc Reagents in DMSO Solvent: Remarkable Promotion of SN2′ Reaction for Allene Synthesis.
Authors: Kobayashi Koji , Naka Hiroshi , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Debenzylation of Aromatic Benzyl Ethers by Silica‐Supported Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate.
Authors: Zhou Linna , Wang Wenjing , Zuo Li , Yao Shanyan , Wang Wei , Duan Wenhu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparations of Azo‐Dye Labeled Amino Acids and Amines.
Authors: Katritzky Alan Roy , Chen Qi‐Yin , Tala Srinivasa Rao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Pd‐Nanoparticle (PdNP)‐Catalyzed Negishi Coupling Involving Alkylzinc Reagents at Room Temperature.
Authors: Marder Todd B. , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Sonogashira‐Type Reactions under Mild Palaldium‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Monnier Florian , Turtaut Francois , Duroure Leslie , Taillefer Marc 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Epoxidation of Electrophilic Olefins by Using Glycosyl Hydroperoxides.
Authors: Kosnik Wioletta , Bocian Wojciech , Kozerski Lech , Tvaroska Igor , Chmielewski Marek 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Non‐racemic Substituted Vinyl Aziridines.
Authors: Chigboh Kordi , Morton Daniel , Nadin Alan , Stockman Robert A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Domino Heterocyclization/Cross‐Coupling of α‐Allenols and α‐Allenic Esters: Efficient Preparation of Functionalized Buta‐1,3‐dienyl Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Martinez del Campo Teresa , Carrascosa Rocio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel 1,3‐Bis[substituted‐pyridyl(thiazolyl)methyl] ‐2‐substituted‐methylideneimidazolidines.
Authors: Yan Man , Luo Zai‐Gang , Zhu Xiao‐fei , Shi De‐Qing 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, 1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine, Pyrazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine and 1,2,4‐Triazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine Derivatives Incorporating a Thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole Moiety.
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Hamdy Nehal A. , Farag Ahmad M. , Fakhr Issa M. I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Facile Method for One Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Di‐substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles at Room Temperature.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Ghamkhar Somaye 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Condensation for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles.
Authors: Shinde Sandeep V. , Jadhav Wamanrao N. , Kondre Jeevan M. , Gampawar Sumit V. , Karade Nandkishor N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of N‐[Coumarin‐6‐yl‐amino]thiazolidinone and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Mulwad Vinata V. , Mir Abid Ali 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of 3‐Substituted Flavene Derivatives and Asymmetric Dehydration via Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Lee Min Hee , Choi Eui Ta , Lee Yoon Min , Kim Dajung , Park Yong Sun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Microwave‐Promoted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Zincke′s Salts and Their Conversion into Chiral Pyridinium Salts in Water.
Authors: Vianna Gustavo H. R. , dos Santos Itamar C. , de Freitas Rossimiriam P. , Gil Laurent , Alves Rosemeire B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Azulen‐1‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl Substituted Six‐Membered Heteroaromatics.
Authors: Razus Alexandru C. , Birzan Liviu , Zaharia Oana , Enache Cristian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.