bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Lacosamide as Adjunctive Therapy in Adults with Partial‐Onset Seizures
Authors: Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Biton Victor , Jatuzis Dalius , Abou‐Khalil Bassel , Doty Pamela , Rudd G. David 
Published: July 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lacosamide when added to 1 or 2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in adults with uncontrolled partial‐onset seizures, and assess plasma concentrations of concomitant AEDs to determine any potential for drug interactions. Methods: During this multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, patients were randomized to placebo or lacosamide 200, 400, or 600 mg/day after an 8‐week baseline period. Lacosamide was titrated in weekly increments of 100 mg/day over 6 weeks and maintained for 12 weeks. Results were analyzed on an intention‐to‐treat basis. Results: Four hundred eighteen patients were randomized and received trial medication; 312 completed the trial. The median percent reduction in seizure frequency per 28 days was 10%, 26%, 39%, and 40% in the placebo, lacosamide 200, 400, and 600 mg/day treatment groups, respectively. The median percent reduction in seizure frequency over placebo was significant for lacosamide 400 mg/day (p = 0.0023) and 600 mg/day (p = 0.0084). The 50% responder rates were 22%, 33%, 41%, and 38% for placebo, lacosamide 200, 400, and 600 mg/day, respectively. The 50% responder rate over placebo was significant for lacosamide 400 mg/day (p = 0.0038) and 600 mg/day (p = 0.0141). Adverse events that appeared dose‐related included dizziness, nausea, fatigue, ataxia, vision abnormal, diplopia, and nystagmus. Lacosamide did not affect mean plasma concentrations of concomitantly administered AEDs. Conclusions: In this trial, adjunctive lacosamide significantly reduced seizure frequency in patients with uncontrolled partial‐onset seizures. Along with favorable pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles, these results support further development of lacosamide as an AED.
Tertiary-Quaternary intra-plate magmatism in Europe and its relationship to mantle dynamics
Authors: Wilson Marjorie , Downes Hilary 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Anorogenic intra-plate magmatism was widespread in Europe from early Tertiary to Recent times, extending west to east from Spain to Bulgaria, and south to north from Sicily to central Germany. Magmatism is spatially and temporally associated with Alpine-Pyrenean collisional tectonics, the development of an extensive lithospheric rift system in the northern foreland of the Alps, and, locally, with uplift of Variscan basement massifs (Massif Central, Rhenish Massif, Bohemian Massif). The volcanic regions vary in volume from large central volcanoes (e.g. Cantal, Massif Central;Vogelsberg, central Germany), to small isolated plugs (e.g. Urach and Hegau provinces in southern Germany). Within the Mediterranean region, the Dinarides, the Pannonian Basin and Bulgaria, anorogenic volcanism locally post-dates an earlier phase of subduction-related magmatism. The major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of the most primitive mafic magmatic rocks (MgO > 6 wt%) provide important constraints on the nature of the mantle source and the conditions of partial melting. These are predominantly sodic (melilitites, nephelinites, basanites and alkali olivine basalts); however, locally, potassic magma types (olivine leucitites, leucite nephelinites) also occur. In several localities (e.g. Sicily; Vogelsberg and the Rhine Graben, Germany; Calatrava, central Spain) olivine and quartz tholeiites form a significant component of the magmatism. The sodic magmas were derived by variable degrees of partial melting (c. 0.5-5%) within a transitional zone between garnet-peridotite and spinel-peridotite mantle facies, close to the base of the lithosphere; the potassic magma types are interpreted as partial melts of enriched domains within the lithospheric mantle. Mantle partial melting was induced by adiabatic decompression of the asthenosphere, locally in small-scale, plume-like, diapirs, which appear to upwell from c. 400 km depth
Contrasting modes of ophiolite emplacement in the Eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Robertson Alastair H. F. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean region is characterized by one of the largest concentrations of ophiolites anywhere in the world. Many of these ophiolites are fragmentary or highly deformed, such that their initial mode of tectonic emplacement cannot easily be inferred from the local field relations. The emplacement of many of these ophiolites can usefully be compared with the intact Oman ophiolite, one of the largest and best-studied ophiolites in the world. The Oman ophiolite is commonly believed to have been created in Late Cretaceous time (c. 95 Ma) above an oceanward-dipping, intra-oceanic subduction zone. This was followed by collision of the subduction zone with the downflexed Arabian passive margin, facilitating the emplacement of the ophiolite onto the continental margin. A less likely alternative is that the Oman ophiolite formed at a mid-ocean ridge that then collapsed, initiating the emplacement of the ophiolite. An Oman-type model is applicable to many of the Mid-Jurassic and the Late Cretaceous ophiolites of the Eastern Mediterranean region that were thrust over former passive continental margins. These ophiolites are again mainly of suprasubduction-zone type. Such ophiolites include many of the Jurassic ophiolites of Greece, Albania and former Yugoslavia, and also the Late Cretaceous ophiolites of Turkey and northern Syria. These ophiolites were emplaced from both more northerly and southerly Neotethyan ocean basins. In contrast, the opposing (northerly) margins of these oceanic basins experienced a history of subduction-accretion, marginal arc volcanism and back-arc basin formation ('Cordilleran-type' ophiolites). Ophiolites that were emplaced associated with active margin settings range from large accreted thrust sheets to small slices within accretionary prisms and back-arc basins. Examples include the Late Cretaceous ophiolites that are related both to the northern margin of the southern Neotethys and to the northern margin of the northern Neotethys in Turkey. Not all ophiolites were emplaced in response to large-scale horizontal tectonic transport (e.g. Jurassic Guevgueli ophiolite, northern Greece), and several ophiolites experienced dominantly strike-slip or transpression (e.g. the Late Cretaceous Antalya ophiolites, SW Turkey). In general, the mode of ophiolite emplacement, especially the direction of emplacement relative to the orientation of the adjacent continental margin was influenced by the regional palaeogeographical setting.
Physical differences in the deep lithosphere of Northern and Central Europe
Authors: Gregersen Soren , Voss Peter , Shomali Z. Hossein , Grad Marek , Roberts Roland G. ,   TOR Working Group
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A number of large-scale integrated studies, including the TOR and POLONAISE'97 projects, with an emphasis on seismic methods, have been used to elucidate the southwestern boundary (suture zone) between the East European Craton and the Phanerozoic terranes of Western Europe. Results indicate that a thick slab of mantle lithosphere below the craton thins southwestwards beneath the Trans-European Suture Zone and is not seen south of the Variscan front. The thinning is not gradual, but is interrupted by at least two abrupt deep boundaries, the most significant of which corresponds to the surface position of the Tornquist Zone, a major fault. The present geometry of the lithosphere is the result of modification of the margin of the Neoproterozoic continent Baltica by Phanerozoic processes, including the development of the Tornquist Zone and the stretching of the lithosphere in a broad central block SW of this zone. Seismic results and their interpretations from the TOR tomographic project are presented and compared with results from the POLONAISE'97 controlled source project to the SE. Both investigations have shown high-angle, non-symmetrical features extending deep into the mantle.
The evolution of the southern margin of Eastern Europe (Eastern European and Scythian platforms) from the Latest Precambrian- Early Palaeozoic to the Early Cretaceous
Authors: Saintot Aline , Stephenson Randell A. , Stovba Sergiy , Brunet Marie-Françoise , Yegorova Tamara , Starostenko Vitaly 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The southern part of the Eastern European continental landmass consists mainly of a thick platform of Vendian and younger sediments overlying Precambrian basement, referred to as the East European and Scythian platforms (EEP and SP). Some specific geological features, such as the Late Devonian Pripyat-Dniepr-Donets rift basin, the Karpinsky Swell, the Permo(?)-Triassic troughs of the SP, and the deformed belt running from Dobrogea to Crimea and the Greater Caucasus, in which rocks as old as Palaeozoic crop out, form a record of the geodynamic processes affecting this part of the European lithosphere. Hard constraints on the Palaeozoic history of the SP are very sparse. The conventional view has been that the SP is a Late Palaeozoic orogenic belt. However, it is shown that the few available data are also consistent with an alternative interpretation in which it is the thinned margin of the Precambrian continent, reworked by Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic rifting events. The geodynamic setting of the margin is classically reported as one of active convergence throughout the Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic, with subduction of the Palaeotethys Ocean beneath Europe. Actually, there are no direct observations constraining the polarity of Palaeotethys subduction in this area although indirect evidence is not inconsistent with the conventional model. In such a case, the sedimentary-tectonic record of the SP suggests that convergence during the Permo-Triassic(?) and certainly during the Early and Mid-Jurassic was oblique. An Eo-Cimmerian (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) event is widespread and implies a tectonic compressional regime with systematic inversion of most sedimentary basins. There is also a widespread unconformity at the end of the Mid-Jurassic and in the Late Jurassic. These can be interpreted as indicators of compressional tectonics; however, nowhere is there evidence of intense shortening or other orogenic processes. A revised tectonic model is proposed for the area but, given the degree of uncertainty characterizing the geology of this area, it is best considered as a basis for further discussion.
LBA–ESECAFLOR Artificially Induced Drought in Caxiuanã Reserve, Eastern Amazonia: Soil Properties and Litter Spider Fauna
Authors: Ruivo Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro , Barreiros José Augusto Pereira , Bonaldo Alexandre Bragio , da Silva Rosecélia Moreira , Sá Leonardo Deane Abreu , Lopes Elessandra Laura Nogueira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA review is presented of soil properties and litter fauna of an experimental site in the Caxiuanã forest, eastern Amazonia, as a contribution to the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). This study’s main scientific goal is to compare some biogeochemical soil properties of an undisturbed forest ecosystem with those of an experimental (1 ha) plot in which rainfall was artificially excluded to simulate drought [the Efeitos da Seca da Floresta (ESECAFLOR) experiment]. A second scientific objective is to investigate the space variability of soil profile characteristics in the experimental sites, particularly organic carbon concentration, moisture, and texture. It is expected that such soil property variability influences greatly the distribution of several biological species such as spiders. To investigate such effects in the litter spider community, we applied percentual complementarity and Simpson diversity index to available data. Our results suggest that a faunal transition was under way in the treatment plot, shifting from a rich and even community to a less diverse one.
Cellular immune therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kater Arnon P. , van Oers Marinus H. J. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Although chemotherapy can induce complete responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), it is not considered curative. Treated patients generally develop recurrent disease requiring additional therapy, which can cause worsening immune dysfunction, myelosuppression, and selection for chemotherapy-resistant leukemia-cell subclones. Cellular immune therapy promises to mitigate these complications and potentially provide for curative treatment. Most experience with this is in the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), in which graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects can be observed and shown responsible for long-term disease-free survival. However, use of allo-HSCT for CLL is limited because of the lack of suitable donors and the treatment-related morbidity/mortality for elderly patients, who constitute the majority at risk for developing this disease. The GVL effect, however, suggests there are specific CLL-associated antigens that could be targeted in autologous cellular immune therapy. Effective strategies for this will have to overcome the disease-related acquired immune deficiency and the capacity of the leukemia-cell to induce T-cell tolerance, thereby compromising the activity of even conventional vaccines in patients with this disease. We will discuss the different strategies being developed to overcome these limitations that might provide for effective cellular immune therapy of CLL.
Nichtlineare Identifikation des Luftpfads von aufgeladenen Dieselmotoren und automatisierter AGR-/VTG-Reglerentwurf (Nonlinear Identification of the Air Path of Turbo-charged Diesel Engines and an Automated EGR/VGT-Controller Design)
Authors: Pfeil Karl , Zimmerschied Ralf , Isermann Rolf 
Published: July 2007

In diesem Beitrag wird im ersten Teil ein systematisches Vorgehen zur Identifikation des Luftpfades (Luft- und Abgastrakt) von Dieselmotoren auf Basis einer dynamischen Motorvermessung vorgestellt. Dafür werden lokal lineare Modelle mit Ausgangsfehlerschätzung verwendet. Mit dem identifiziertenModell erfolgt im zweiten Teil eine automatisierte Parametrisierung der Luftmassenstrom- und Ladedruckregelung.
A systematic procedure is introduced for the identification of the air path (air- and exhaust manifold) of diesel engines, by means of dynamic engine measurements. Local linear models in output error configuration are used. Furthermore, an automated calibration of the feedback-controllers is presented for the air mass flow and the charging pressure.
Robuste Modellprädiktive Regelung für Hybridgetriebe (Robust Model Predictive Control of Hybrid Transmissions)
Authors: Beck Ralf , Zetina Siegfried Saenger , Bollig Alexander , Neiß Konstantin 
Published: July 2007

Hybridfahrzeuge gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung, vor allem wegen ihrer Möglichkeiten zur Kraftstoffeinsparung, aber auch wegen ihrer zusätzlichen Agilität aufgrund der kurzfristig erreichbaren erhöhten Drehmomente. Ein flexibles Getriebe erlaubt mehrere Hybridkonfigurationen, sowohl parallel als auch seriell oder leistungsverzweigt. Ein zentraler Aspekt eines Hybridantriebs ist der komfortable Wechsel zwischen einem rein elektrischen Fahren und dem hybriden Fahren. Dieser Übergang wird am Beispiel einer parallelen Konfiguration in einem flexiblen Hybridgetriebe untersucht und durch das Schließen einer Anfahrkupplung erreicht. Dabei muss der Kupplungsvorgang die gestellten Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Fahrkomforts erfüllen. Ein spürbarer Ruck oder eine Zugkraftunterbrechung sind nicht zulässig. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll ein Modellgestützter Prädiktiver Regler (MPR) vorgestellt werden, der diesen Übergang ausführt. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf die Robustheit des Reglers gelegt, da der Übergang bei allen Fahrbedingungen und Fahrzeugeigenschaften zuverlässig und komfortabel zu realisieren ist.
Hybrid electric vehicles increasingly gain importance mainly due to the potential fuel saving but also because of the additional agility achieved by the increased peak torques during boosting. An important aspect of a hybrid architecture is the transition between pure electric and hybrid operation, which is exemplarily investigated in a flexible hybrid transmission under a parallel engagement configuration. A clutch which separates the transmission input side (engine side) from the rest of the drivetrain is engaged in order to achieve the transition. A noticeable jerk during the engagement process or an interruption of the drive torque cannot be tolerated since the driving comfort must not be reduced. Special attention was given to the robustness of the controller, since the transition has to be carried out reliably and comfortably under varying vehicle properties and drive conditions.
Third phase formation in the extraction of Th(NO3)4 by tri-2-methyl butyl phosphate from nitric acid media
Authors: Suresh A. , Deivanayaki R. , Srinivasan T. G. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: July 2007

In the above mentioned paper we had reported a non-linear dependence of limiting organic concentration (LOC) with temperature in the case of tri-2-methyl butyl phosphate in n-tetradecane as well as n-hexadecane diluents. Subsequently we extended the studies to other trialkyl phosphates such as TBP, TiBP, TsBP, TAP, TiAP and TsAP in various diluents (n-decane, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane and n-octadecane) and found recently that the dependence was always linear, irrespective of the extractant-diluent combination. This behaviour urged us to have a thorough review of the data reported earlier and when we repeated the studies again in the same systems, we found that the dependence was only linear and not as reported earlier.
We have critically looked into what went wrong in the earlier studies and at present have concluded that wrong temperature calibration/measurement might have induced the same.
We now present the correct data in Tables 1 and 2 and 4. Some parts of the sections “Results and discussion” and “Conclusions” are also modified.
Influence of alkylphenols and trace elements in toxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disruption activity of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Isidori Marina , Lavorgna Margherita , Palumbo Maria , Piccioli Veronica , Parrella Alfredo 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Toxicity and endocrine interference of influent and effluent waters from domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants were determined. In addition, chemical analyses were performed to detect the presence of 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinyl estradiol, nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, and p-t-octylphenol as well as lead, copper, and cadmium in these matrices. The results showed that despite low acute toxic potential, most of the samples tested showed both genotoxicity and endocrine interference. Furthermore, to establish whether the observed effects were caused by the alkylphenols and the heavy metals detected, toxic, genotoxic, and endocrine interference tests also were performed on pure chemicals. The acute toxicity was measured on the crustacean Daphnia magna. The estrogenic activity was determined by using the yeast estrogen screen with Saccharomyces cerevisiae RMY326, whereas the SOS Chromotest and Ames test detected the genotoxicity on Escherichia coli PQ37 and Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. The results showed that the toxicity found in the matrices did not match the values found for pure chemicals, but a clear correlation was found between alkylphenols and genotoxicity. Both heavy metals and alkylphenols took part in the endocrine interference activity.
Effects of dissolved organic carbon on the toxicity of copper to the developing embryos of the pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Brooks Steven J. , Bolam Thi , Tolhurst Laura , Bassett Janice , Roche Jay La , Waldock Mike , Barry Jon , Thomas Kevin V. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The effects of humic acid (HA) on copper speciation and its subsequent toxicity to the sensitive early life stages of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) are presented. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a hanging mercury drop electrode was used to measure the copper species as labile copper (LCu; free ion and inorganic copper complexes) and total copper (TCu) with respect to increasing HA concentration. The TCu and LCu 50% effect concentrations (EC50s) in the absence of HA were 20.77 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.02–19.97 μg/L) and 8.05 μg/L (95% CI, 9.6-5.92 μg/L) respectively. A corrected dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (HA only) of 1.02 mg/L was required to significantly increase the TCu EC50 to approximately 41.09 μg/L (95% CI, 44.27–37.52 μg/L; p &lt; 0.05), almost doubling that recorded when DOC (as HA) was absent from the test media. In contrast, the LCu EC50 was unaffected by changes in DOC concentration and was stable throughout the corrected DOC concentration range. The absence of change in the LCu EC50, despite increased HA concentration, suggests that the LCu fraction, not TCu, was responsible for the observed toxicity to the oyster embryo. This corresponds with the current understanding of copper toxicity and supports the free-ion activity model for copper toxicity.
Sensitivity of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) to acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc
Authors: Besser John M. , Mebane Christopher A. , Mount David R. , Ivey Chris D. , Kunz James L. , Greer I. Eugene , May Thomas W. , Ingersoll Christopher G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Studies of fish communities of streams draining mining areas suggest that sculpins (Cottus spp.) may be more sensitive than salmonids to adverse effects of metals. We compared the toxicity of zinc, copper, and cadmium to mottled sculpin (C. bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in laboratory toxicity tests. Acute (96-h) and early life-stage chronic (21- or 28-d) toxicity tests were conducted with rainbow trout and with mottled sculpins from populations in Minnesota and Missouri, USA, in diluted well water (hardness = 100 mg/L as CaCO3). Acute and chronic toxicity of metals to newly hatched and swim-up stages of mottled sculpins differed between the two source populations. Differences between populations were greatest for copper, with chronic toxicity values (ChV = geometric mean of lowest-observed-effect concentration and no-observed-effect concentration) of 4.4 μg/L for Missouri sculpins and 37 μg/L for Minnesota sculpins. Cadmium toxicity followed a similar trend, but differences between sculpin populations were less marked, with ChVs of 1.1 μg/L (Missouri) and 1.9 μg/L (Minnesota). Conversely, zinc was more toxic to Minnesota sculpins (ChV = 75 μg/L) than Missouri sculpins (chronic ChV = 219 μg/L). Species-average acute and chronic toxicity values for mottled sculpins were similar to or lower than those for rainbow trout and indicated that mottled sculpins were among the most sensitive aquatic species to toxicity of all three metals. Our results indicate that current acute and chronic water quality criteria for cadmium, copper, and zinc adequately protect rainbow trout but may not adequately protect some populations of mottled sculpins. Proposed water quality criteria for copper based on the biotic ligand model would be protective of both sculpin populations tested.