bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro characterization of phosphatidylglyceroglycerol‐based thermosensitive liposomes with encapsulated 1H MR T1‐shortening gadodiamide
Authors: Wang Tungte , Hossann Martin , Reinl Herbert M. , Peller Michael , Eibl Hansjoerg , Reiser Maximilian , Issels Rolf D. , Lindner Lars H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThermosensitive liposomes (TSL) with encapsulated proton (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents have been proposed for noninvasive online temperature monitoring during tumor treatment using chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia (HT). The technique exploits the fact that water exchange between the TSL interior and exterior is increased and/or the encapsulated 1H MR contrast agent is released near the gel‐to‐liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm) of TSL and thus shortens the 1H MR relaxation time of tissue. In this work, newly developed, phosphatidylglyceroglycerol (DPPGOG)‐based TSL with encapsulated 1H MR longitudinal relaxation time (T1)‐shortening gadodiamide (Gd‐DTPA‐BMA) were characterized in vitro by measuring the temperature dependence of the T1 of these gadodiamide‐containing DPPGOG‐TSL samples between 30 and 50°C. The measurements revealed that the T1 nonlinearly slightly decreased with increasing temperature from 30 to 37°C, mainly due to increased water exchange between the gadodiamide‐containing DPPGOG‐TSL interior and exterior with the exception of negligible gadodiamide release. This implies that gadodiamide‐containing DPPGOG‐TSL were stable at temperatures ≤37°C, which was also confirmed by an independent stability study. From 37 to 44°C, the T1 nonlinearly markedly decreased with increasing temperature since encapsulated gadodiamide was rapidly released. Above 44°C, gadodiamide was completely released and the T1 was directly proportional to temperature while heated from 44 to 50°C and cooled from 50 to 30°C, respectively. Additionally, gadodiamide release was theoretically quantified and this calculated concentration was consistent with the actually released amount directly obtained from the cooling course of empty DPPGOG‐TSL with completely released gadodiamide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of statistical methods used in molecular marker studies in cancer
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Jang Kwang , Sargent Daniel , Lilja Hans , Kattan Michael W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.There is wide interest in the use of molecular markers for the early detection of cancer, the prediction of disease outcome, and the selection of patients for chemotherapy. Despite significant and increasing research activity, to the authors' knowledge only a small number of molecular markers have been successfully integrated into clinical practice. In the current study, the experimental designs and statistical methods used in contemporary molecular marker studies are reviewed, particularly with respect to whether these evaluated a marker's clinical value.METHODS.MEDLINE was searched for studies that analyzed an association between a cancer outcome and a marker involving chemical analysis of body fluid or tissue. For each article, data were extracted regarding patients, markers, type of statistical analysis, and principal results.RESULTS.The 129 articles eligible for analysis included a very large variety of molecular markers; the total number of markers was larger than the number of articles. Only a minority of articles (47 articles; 36%) incorporated multivariate modeling in which the marker was added to standard clinical variables, and only a very small minority had any measure of predictive accuracy (14 articles; 11%). No article used decision analytic methods or experimentally evaluated the clinical value of a marker. Correction for overfit was also rare (3 articles).CONCLUSIONS.Statistical methods in molecular marker research have not focused on the clinical value of a marker. Attention to sound statistical practice, in particular the use of statistical approaches that provide clinically relevant information, will help maximize the promise of molecular markers for care of the cancer patient. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Development of In Situ Electrochemical Scanning Electron Microscopy with Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes
Authors: Arimoto Satoshi , Oyamatsu Daisuke , Torimoto Tsukasa , Kuwabata Susumu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report that ionic liquids (ILs) can be observed by electron microscopy without any charging of the liquid. Based on this, we present an in situ electrochemical scanning electron microscopy (in situ ECSEM) system. The key technology that enables in situ ECSEM is that charges can be removed from an IL by grounding it with a Pt wire, even if the IL is in an insulating glass cell. As a first demonstration, we describe the redox reaction of a polypyrrole (PPy) film accompanied by changes in its thickness when it is polarized by the film‐deposited Pt electrode in the IL. Furthermore, energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDX) analysis can be employed for the electrode polarized in the IL. The component analysis by EDX of PPy in an IL containing K+ as a marker, reveals doping of electrolyte cations into the PPy film upon the latter′s reduction and dedoping of cations from the film upon oxidation.
Back to basics: Validation of automated as compared to manual slide staining in the cytopathology laboratory
Authors: Haack Lori A. , Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRegulatory agencies on laboratory accreditation require that a laboratory validate and document an instrument's functionality in its own specific environment, including the capability of the instrument to replace existing processes. Instruments without manufacturer‐provided validation protocols must still undergo validation with documentation of the specific method used. This study was performed to validate the Sakura Tissue‐Tek® DRS™ 2000 automated slide stainer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:199–201. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of meningiomas on crush preparations: A review
Authors: Siddiqui Momin T. , Mahon Brett M. , Cochran Elizabeth , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMeningiomas are rarely subjected to aspiration, however, since they may occur outside the central nervous system, it is important to recognize their cytologic features. The goal of this study was to examine the cytologic features of meningiomas in crush preparations and cytologic imprints prepared at the time of frozen section. A total of 97 cases of meningiomas evaluated intraoperatively by frozen section with concomitant crush preparation and cytologic imprint were reviewed to assess their cytologic features. The cytologic features of meningiomas identified in our study are cohesive syncitial clusters of cells with ill‐defined boundaries. The nuclei are oval and may be eccentrically placed, along with small central nucleoli. The cytologic features may not reflect the histologic subtype. The psammomatous variant can however be easily recognized in touch preps/imprints. The presence of nuclear anaplasia, macronucleoli, mitotic activity, and sheet‐like growth may suggest an atypical meningioma. In conclusion, the cytologic features identified would be helpful in diagnosis of meningiomas, especially in unusual locations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:202–206. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of early isolation on sexual behavior and c‐fos expression in naïve male long‐evans rats
Authors: Akbari E. M. , Budin R. , Parada M. , Fleming A. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPrevious findings have demonstrated that the maternal environment is important for the development of male sexual behavior. The present study examined the effects of complete early life isolation and replacement ‘stroking’ stimulation on male sexual behavior and neural activation as seen by Fos immunoreactivity (Fos‐IR). Animals were either artificially reared (AR) with minimal (AR‐MIN) or maximal (AR‐MAX) body simulation, or maternally reared (MR). In adulthood, animals were either given an exposure to an estrous female (EXP) or left undisturbed (NoEXP). No significant effects of early development were found in sexual behavior; however differences in activation in response to this exposure were observed. AR‐MIN animals showed lower Fos‐IR in the medial preoptic area and the ventromedial hypothalamus compared to MR animals. AR‐MAX animals were not significantly different from either condition. These findings demonstrate that although there are no differences in the quality of the first copulatory exposure between AR and MR animals, the brain's response to this exposure differs in sites within the brain that subserve sexual behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 298–306, 2008.
Diamagnetic π‐Dimers of the [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl Radical Anion in the Crystalline State: Preparation and X‐ray Crystal Structure of a [(Me2N)2CC(NMe2)2]2+[(C2N4S2)2]2– Salt
Authors: Gritsan Nina P. , Lonchakov Anton V. , Lork Enno , Mews Ruediger , Pritchina Elena A. , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemical reduction of [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (2) with 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethene (3) leads to the [3]2+[12]2– salt (4) whose X‐ray crystal structure reveals diamagnetic π‐dimers of the [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl radical anion (1). The interplanar separation of 324.5 pm in the [12]2– dimers is significantly shorter than the sum of the isotropic van der Waals radii of two S atoms of 348–358 pm. CASSCF calculations suggest that the largest contributor to the singlet ground state of these π‐dimers is the closed‐shell electronic configuration, although a noticeable contribution from a configuration with a singlet biradical character was also found. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Heteroleptic Europium(III) Complexes with Appended Carbazole Units
Authors: Zheng Youxuan , Cardinali Francois , Armaroli Nicola , Accorsi Gianluca 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo europium complexes {Eu·dbm·carb·phen = tris[1‐{[6‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)hexoxy]phenyl}‐3‐{[6‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)hexoxy]phenyl}propane‐1,3‐dione](1,10‐phenanthroline)europium(III), Eu·dbm·carb·bath = tris[1‐{[6‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)hexoxy]phenyl}‐3‐{[6‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)hexoxy]phenyl}propane‐1,3‐dione](bathophenanthroline)europium(III)} and their reference compounds were synthesized and characterized. Each complex contains three different chromophores: carbazole (carb), phenanthroline (phen) (or bathophenanthroline, bath) and dibenzoylmethane (dbm) units. The luminescence properties investigated in dichloromethane solution and in solid matrix show that the carbazole moiety is a better sensitizer for the metal‐centred emitting states of the EuIII ion compared to the dibenzoylmethane and phenanthroline units. Furthermore, the charge‐transporting properties of the carbazole moieties appear to be appealing when integrated into the emitting units. Finally, the high number of appended carbazole units confers a strong light‐harvesting character to the structure.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Subjective cognitive functioning as a predictor of all cause mortality in an Israeli national sample of community dwelling older adults
Authors: Ayalon Liat 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectiveCognitive functioning has been identified as a predictor of all cause mortality in several epidemiological studies. As a result, researchers have suggested the use of short cognitive screens as prognostic indicators in older adults. Little is known, however, about subjective complaints of cognitive functioning as predictors of all cause mortality.MethodsA 7‐year follow‐up of a national sample of 4,921 Israelis over the age of 60. Main predictors were subjective complaints of memory problems, confusion, and recognition problems. Outcome was time to death.ResultsAs expected, in the fully adjusted model, age, gender, subjective health, baseline health, and ADL and IADL impairments were significant predictors of all cause mortality. In addition, complaints about difficulties recognizing familiar people also were associated with a greater risk for mortality.ConclusionsSubjective complaints about recognition problems serve as a risk for all cause mortality above and beyond well‐known risk factors. Health care professionals can use this information about subjective cognitive functioning in conjunction with other measures in order to identify older adults at risk for an earlier death. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of polycyclic thioketones with a phosphonylated carbanion
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Obijalska Emilia , Urbaniak Katarzyna , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPolycyclic, nonenolizable cycloaliphatic thioketones 1a and 1b react smoothly with the lithium salt of diethyl methylphosphonate 7 in THF solution at −40°C to afford products of the carbophilic attack exclusively. Quenching of the obtained lithium thiolates with alkyl iodides yields sulfanes of type 9 or 11, respectively, in good yields. 1‐Fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene was shown to act as an arylating agent. In the case of the “cage” thioketone 1b, the carbanion of salt 7 approaches the CS bond from the exo‐side exclusively. In contrast to the parent carbonyl compounds, thioketones 1 show no tendency to undergo the conversion analogous to the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, which would result in the formation of an olefinic product. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:182–187, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20390
Synthesis of optically active hydroxyphosphonates
Authors: Guliaiko Irina , Nesterov Vitaly , Sheiko Sergei , Kolodiazhnyi Oleg I. , Freytag Matthias , Jones Peter G. , Schmutzler Reinhard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe reduction of dimenthyl ketophosphonates with sodium borohydride involves asymmetric induction at the α‐carbon atom, resulting in a small excess of the (R)‐enantiomer of the α‐hydroxyphosphonate formed. A higher ee purity was achieved if the reduction of chiral dimenthyl ketophosphonates was carried out by the chiral complex of NaBH4‐L‐proline, owing to the double asymmetric induction at the α‐carbon atom. The hydroxyphosphonates obtained were isolated in a diastereomerically pure state and were transformed to the optically active, free hydroxyalkylphosphonic acids. The (R)‐configuration of one of them was proved by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:133–139, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20391
Synthesis of phosphonic acid containing thiadiazole
Authors: Hu Hairong , Zhu Chuanfang , Fu Juan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA series of phosphonic acid, 1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐amine‐N‐alkyl have been synthesized by the reaction of 2‐amine thiadiazole, different aldehydes (or ketone), and phosphorous acid via the melting method or the solvent method. These compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and elemental analysis. Results showed that compounds were reacted via the solvent method in better yields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:140–143, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20395
Synthesis, characterization, and biological effects of diorganotin(IV) derivatives of substituted germyl propionic acid and crystal structure of 3‐triphenylgermyl‐3‐P‐fluorophenyl propionic acid
Authors: Choudhary Muhammad Aziz , Mahboob Sumera , Mazhar Mohammad , Ali Saqib , Parvez Masood , Song Xueqing , Eng George 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new series of diorganotin(IV) derivatives of the general formula (1R3GeCH2RCH2COO)2Sn3R2 has been prepared by the reaction of diorganotin chlorides/oxides with substituted germyl propionic acids in 1:2 mole ratios. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses and various spectroscopic techniques (IR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn), 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopies and mass spectrometry). The single crystal structure of the precursor Ph3GeCHRFCH2COOH (RF = 4‐FC6H4) has been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Biological studies such as cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity were also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:163–170, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20402
Reactivity of phosphiranes toward nucleophiles: Theoretical and experimental investigations
Authors: Coote Michelle L. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Maulana Ilham , Steinbach Jörg , Wild S. Bruce 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the reaction of 1‐methylphosphirane with dimethylphosphide (PMe), proceeding via attack at the ring phosphorus atom to give Me2P–PMe− plus ethylene, were calculated at the G3(MP2)‐RAD(+) level. The rate constant for this mechanism (k = 1.1 × 1013 L mol−1 s−1 at 25°C) is seven orders of magnitude greater than that for the previously studied mechanism involving attack at carbon. Experimental investigations with 1‐phenylphosphirane gave consistent results: Treatment with LiPMePh yielded no detectable polymer, and quenching with MeI gave the known diphosphine (R*, R*)‐(±)/(R*, S*)‐MePhP‐‐PMePh. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:178–181, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20405
Concerted actions of multiple transcription elements confer differential transactivation of HSP90 isoforms in geldanamycin‐treated 9L rat gliosarcoma cells
Authors: Chao Chih‐Chung , Sun Fang‐Chun , Wang Chih‐Hsiang , Lo Chih‐Wei , Chang Yuo‐Sheng , Chang Kun‐Che , Chang Margaret Dah‐Tysr , Lai Yiu‐Kay 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHSP90 chaperones are transducer proteins of many signaling pathways in cells. Using a highly specific inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), an increasing number of the HSP90 client proteins have been identified. Nevertheless, there is little information on the differential transactivation of the two isoforms of the hsp90 genes, hsp90α and β, in cells under stress conditions. Here, we demonstrate the differential expression of the HSP90 isoforms, HSP90α and β, in rat gliosarcoma 9L cells using a modified SDS–PAGE system that allowed us to distinguish the isoforms. We subsequently assessed the transcriptional controls involving the transcription elements located in the promoter regions of the hsp90 genes. At the protein level, HSP90α is more responsive to GA in terms of rate of de novo synthesis and amount of accumulation, as shown by metabolic‐labeling and Western‐blotting analyses. Upregulation of the hsp90 genes was demonstrated by real‐time qPCR. The promoter elements hsp90α‐HSE2 and hsp90β‐HSE1 were also identified to be the major transcription elements involved in GA‐activated gene expression, as shown by EMSA, whereas the results of supershift showed that the transcription factor HSF1 is also involved. Moreover, EMSA results of analysis of the GC box showed differences in both the initial amounts and inductive response of hsp90s transcripts, whereas analysis of the TATA box showed GA responsiveness in hsp90α only. Collectively, these results indicate that GA exerts its regulatory effects through transcription elements including heat‐shock elements (HSEs), GC boxes and TATA boxes, resulting in differential transactivation of hsp90α and hsp90β in rat gliosarcoma 9L cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1286–1296, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic identification of malignant transformation‐related proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Yi‐Jun , He Qing‐Yu , Ma Yuan‐Fang , Du Yao‐Wu , Liu Guang‐Chao , Li Yan‐Jie , Tsao George S.W. , Ngai Sai Ming , Chiu Jen‐Fu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) persists to be a leading cancer‐related death in northern China. Clinical outcome of EC is the most dismal among many types of digestive tumors because EC at early stage is asymptomatic. The current study used 2‐DE‐based proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins between esophageal cancer cell lines and immortal cell line. Fifteen proteins were identified with differences of more than five folds, comprising the down‐regulation of annexin A2, histone deacetylase 10 isoform beta and protein disulfide‐isomerase ER‐60 precursor, and the up‐regulation of heat shock 70 kDa protein 9B precursor, solute carrier family 44 Member 3, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A isoform 2, triosephosphate isomerase1 (TPI), peroxiredoxin1 (PRX1), forminotransferase cyclodeaminase form (FTCD), fibrinogen gamma‐A chain precursor, kinesin‐like DNA binding protein, lamin A/C, cyclophilin A (CypA), and transcription factor MTSG1. Expression pattern of annexin A2 was verified by Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis. The implication of these protein alterations correlated to the esophageal malignant transformation is discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1625–1635, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol supports human prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation through androgen receptor‐independent signaling pathways: Implication of androgen‐independent prostate cancer progression
Authors: Yang Qing , Titus Mark A. , Fung Kar‐Ming , Lin Hsueh‐Kung 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAndrogen and androgen receptor (AR) are involved in growth of normal prostate and development of prostatic diseases including prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy is used for treating advanced prostate cancer. This therapeutic approach focuses on suppressing the accumulation of potent androgens, testosterone and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (5α‐DHT), or inactivating the AR. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with prostate cancer eventually advance to androgen‐independent states and no longer respond to the therapy. In addition to the potent androgens, 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (3α‐diol), reduced from 5α‐DHT through 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3α‐HSDs), activated signaling may represent a novel pathway responsible for the progression to androgen‐independent prostate cancer. Androgen sensitive human prostate cancer LNCaP cells were used to compare 5α‐DHT and 3α‐diol activated androgenic effects. In contrast to 5α‐DHT, 3α‐diol regulated unique patterns of β‐catenin and Akt expression as well as Akt phosphorylation in parental and in AR‐silenced LNCaP cells. More significantly, 3α‐diol, but not 5α‐DHT, supported AR‐silenced LNCaP cells and AR negative prostate cancer PC‐3 cell proliferation. 3α‐diol‐activated androgenic effects in prostate cells cannot be attributed to the accumulation of 5α‐DHT, since 5α‐DHT formation was not detected following 3α‐diol administration. Potential accumulation of 3α‐diol, as a result of elevated 3α‐HSD expression in cancerous prostate, may continue to support prostate cancer growth in the presence of androgen deprivation. Future therapeutic strategies for treating advanced prostate cancer might need to target reductive 3α‐HSD to block intraprostatic 3α‐diol accumulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1612–1624, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improvement on H design
Authors: Ji L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn H(m, g, 4, 3) is a triple $(X,\cal T,\cal B)$, where X is a set of mg points, $\cal T$ is a partition of X into m disjoint sets of size g, and $\cal B$ is a set of 4‐element transverses of $\cal T$, such that each 3‐element transverse of $\cal T$ is contained in exactly one of them. Such a design was introduced by Hanani 2, who used it to study Steiner quadruple systems. Mills showed that for $m > 3, m \not= 5$, an H(m, g, 4, 3) exists if and only if mg is even and $g(m-1)(m-2)$ is divisible by 3, and that for $m=5$, an H(5, g, 4, 3) exists if g is divisible by 4 or 6 10. In this article, we shall show that an H(5, g, 4, 3) exists if g is even, $g \neq 2$ and $g \not \equiv 10, 26\, ({\rm mod} \,48)$. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 25–35, 2009