bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposition 13 and Its Impact on Local Government Programmes in California
Authors: Goodenough Richard 
Published: November 2007

In July 1978 the California Legislature passed a far-reaching and controversial law, popularly known as Proposition 13, which greatly reduces the State revenue from property taxes. This article examines the reasons for the growing discontent with property taxation which has received nationwide support in recent years. Major changes in property taxation under Proposition 13 are reviewed and the implications of a declining property tax base are assessed for cities, counties and special districts in California. Proposition 13 has clearly resulted in a serious reduction of some services and the elimination of others depending on the priority which local governments give to the various services. There is also a trend for local governments to ensure that charges for services now reflect the true cost of providing them.
Although individual home-owners and businessmen have benefited considerably from reduced property taxes, the full impact of the revenue loss on programmes of local government spending has still to be felt because of the support funds supplied by the State Treasury. These funds have effectively shifted the tax burden from a local to a State level and temporarily delayed the time when local governments must come to terms with the real and very substantial revenue loss mandated by Proposition 13.
Increasing GLP-1–Induced β-Cell Proliferation by Silencing the Negative Regulators of Signaling cAMP Response Element Modulator-α and DUSP14
Authors: Klinger Sonia , Poussin Carine , Debril Marie-Bernard , Dolci Wanda , Halban Philippe A. , Thorens Bernard 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a growth and differentiation factor for mature β-cells and their precursors. However, the overall effect of GLP-1 on increasing β-cell mass in both in vivo and in vitro conditions is relatively small, and augmenting this effect would be beneficial for the treatment or prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we searched for cellular mechanisms that may limit the proliferative effect of GLP-1 and tested whether blocking them could increase β-cell proliferation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined GLP-1–regulated genes in βTC-Tet cells by cDNA microarrays. To assess the effect of some of these gene on cell proliferation, we reduced their expression using small heterogenous RNA in β-cell lines and primary mouse islets and measured [3H]thymidine or 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation.
RESULTS—We identified four negative regulators of intracellular signaling that were rapidly and strongly activated by GLP-1: the regulator of G-protein–signaling RGS2; the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) antagonists cAMP response element modulator (CREM)-α and ICERI; and the dual specificity phosphatase DUSP14, a negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. We show that knockdown of CREMα or DUSP14 or expression of a dominant-negative form of DUSP14 increased β-cell line proliferation and enhanced the GLP-1–induced proliferation of primary β-cells.
CONCLUSIONS—Together, our data show that 1) the cAMP/protein kinase A/CREB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways can additively control β-cell proliferation, 2) β-cells have evolved several mechanisms limiting GLP-1–induced cellular proliferation, and 3) blocking these mechanisms increases the positive effect of GLP-1 on β-cell mass.
Potentiometric Investigation of Silver (I) Complexation by Arginine
Authors: Antonilli Marco , Bottari Emilio , Festa Maria Rosa , Gentile Lorella 
Published: November 2007

AbstractArginine is an important amino acid involved in the production of NO, which is a vasodilatator. Its property as ligand towards cations was little studied. Also its protonation constants, even if subject of several studies, were not accurately determined. In this paper electromotive force measurements are performed by using a hydrogen electrode to accurately determine the three protonation constant of arginine. At 25 °C and in 1.00 mol dm‐3 NaClO4, as ionic medium, they are log k1 = 12.53 ± 0.05; log k1 k2 = 21.36 ± 0.03 log k3 = 2.20 ± 0.07, while in 1.00 mol dm‐3 NaCl, the following values were obtained: log k1 = 12.35 ± 0.05; log k1 k2 = 21.18 ± 0.03; log k3 = 2.08 ± 0.07.Galvanic cells involving silver and glass electrodes were employed to study the behaviour of L‐arginine as ligand towards silver (I). The experimental data, obtained at 25 °C and in 1.00 mol dm‐3 NaClO4, were explained by assuming the formation of the species Ag(HL) (log β1,1,1 = 3.79 ± 0.04) and Ag(HL)2 (log β1,2,2 = 7.36 ± 0.03) The results of this paper will be used for future investigation.
Inside Front Cover: A Photosynthetic Reaction Center Covalently Bound to Carbon Nanotubes (Adv. Mater. 22/2007)
Authors: Carmeli I. , Mangold M. , Frolov L. , Zebli B. , Carmeli C. , Richter S. , Holleitner A. W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOn p. 3901, Shachar Richter, Alexander Holleitner, and co‐workers report on a novel hybrid system, fabricated by covalent binding of photosynthetic reaction center protein photosystem I (PS I) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by using carbodiimide chemistry. The versatile chemical modification schemes allow contacting of single PS I protein to two carbon nanotubes, the formation of CNT–PS I–CNT junctions, and electrical contact of carbon nanotubes to gold electrodes via covalent binding to the photosystem. Such nanostructures can pave the way for the construction of electronic circuits for nano‐optoelectronic applications.
Intelligence in DSM‐IV combined type attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not predicted by either dopamine receptor/transporter genes or other previously identified risk alleles for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. , Brookes Keeley‐Joanne , Buitelaar Jan , Anney Richard , Bitsakou Paraskevi , Baeyens Dieter , Buschgens Cathelijne , Chen Wai , Christiansen Hanna , Eisenberg Jacques , Kuntsi Jonna , Manor Iris , Meliá Amanda , Mulligan Aisling , Rommelse Nanda , Müller Ueli C. , Uebel Henrik , Banaschewski Tobias , Ebstein Richard , Franke Barbara , Gill Michael , Miranda Ana , Oades Robert D. , Roeyers Herbert , Rothenberger Aribert , Sergeant Joseph , Steinhausen Hans Christoph , Thompson Margaret , Taylor Eric , Asherson Philip , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA major goal of genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is to identify individual characteristics that might help segregate the disorder's inherent heterogeneity. [Mill et al. (2006); Arch Ger Psychiatry 63:462–469] recently reported a potentially important association between two dopamine‐related risk polymorphisms (DRD4 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in exon 3 and DAT1 VNTR in the 3′ UTR) and lowered IQ in ADHD. The objective of the current study was to replicate the [Mill et al. (2006); Arch Ger Psychiatry 63:462–469] findings in a clinical sample and to extend the analysis to a large range of alternative SNP markers of putative ADHD risk alleles identified in a recent study [Brookes et al. (2006); Mol Genet 11:934–953]. Participants were 1081 children and adolescents with a research‐confirmed combined type ADHD diagnosis and 1300 unaffected siblings who took part in the International Multi‐centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project. They were recruited from multiple settings from across Europe: Belgium, Britain, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. The results were that ADHD was associated with reduced IQ. However, there was no association between the two dopamine‐related risk polymorphisms and IQ in either the probands or their siblings. Furthermore, other selected genetic markers previously demonstrated to be associated with ADHD in this sample were not associated with IQ. This large scale study with a clinically ascertained and regorously diagnosed sample failed to replicate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine system and IQ in ADHD. We also observed no association of other SNPs with IQ in ADHD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones using cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate in acetic acid
Authors: Itoh Ken‐ichi , Utsukihara Takamitsu , Funayama Kenji , Sakamaki Hiroshi , Kanamori Miyuki , Takahashi T. Tomoyoshi , Saitoh Yoshikazu , Matsushita Masatoshi , He Liangyou , Hashimoto Chikao , Sugiyama Takashi , Horiuchi C. Akira 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate [Ce(SO4)2·4H2O, CS] in acetic acid gave the corresponding β‐acetoxy ketones. In the case of 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one with CS in acetic acid, benzobicyclo[2.2.2]octen‐2‐one was obtained. The reaction mechanism also was proposed. Moreover, we report the aromatization and esterification of (R)‐(−)‐carvone by CS in acetic acid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo‐viscoelastic behavior of PCNF‐filled polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Frormann Lars , Iqbal Azhar , Abdullah Shahrul Azam 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThermal and viscoelastic properties of composites of polypropylene (PP) filled with 0–8 vol % of vapor grown platelet carbon nanofibers (PCNF) were investigated. High shear mixing was used to disperse and distribute the nanofibers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the composites that indicated the good dispersion of nanofibers within the PP matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal stability enhancements due to the presence of PCNF in the PP matrix. DSC analysis indicated that the inclusion of nanofibers increased the melting temperature of PP matrix. By the incorporation of PCNF, the storage modulus increased whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan δ) decreased. The use and limitations of various theoretical equations to predict the storage modulus and tan δ of the fiber reinforced composites have been discussed. Cole–Cole analysis has been carried out to understand the phase behavior of the nanocomposite samples. Thermal conductivity increases from 0.125 to 0.181 W/mK. Thermal conductivity values were compared with several theoretical and semi empirical models. The van Beek model showed a very good correlation to the measured values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JAppl Polym Sci, 2008
Inequalities between some large deviation rates
Authors: Macci Claudio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn some cases it is interesting to have inequalities between asymptotic rates. Here, we consider asymptotic rates in the fashion of large deviations. We present inequalities between large deviation rate functions for telegrapher processes in the first part, and inequalities between Lundberg parameters for Markov‐additive processes in the second part. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into the intrinsic flexibility of the SL1 stem‐loop from genomic RNA of HIV‐1 as probed by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Mazier Sonia , Genest Daniel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe SL1 stem‐loop is the dimerization initiation site for linking the two copies of the RNA forming the HIV‐1 genome. The 26 nucleotides stem contains a defect consisting on a highly conserved G‐rich 1‐3 asymmetrical internal loop, which is a major site for nucleocapsid protein binding. Several NMR attempts were undertaken to determine the internal loop structure in the SL1 monomer. However, the RNA constructs used in the different studies were largely mutated, in particular with replacement of the nine nucleotides apical loop by a tetraloop, and divergent results were obtained ranging from a rigid structure to a particularly large flexibility. To investigate the reasons for such discrepancies, we used molecular dynamics simulation of the SL1 monomer to probe the effect of mutations on the conformational stability of the internal loop and of the whole stem. It is found that in the wild‐type sequence, the internal loop displays conformational variability originating mainly from the nine nucleotides apical loop flexibility that causes large conformational fluctuations (without changing the average structure) in the 7 bp duplex linking the apical and internal loops. The large amplitude atomic motions in the duplex are transmitted to the internal loop in which they induce conformational changes characterized by a labile hydrogen bond network such as G5 successively H‐bonded to A29 and G30. On the contrary, with a four nucleotides apical loop, conformational fluctuations in the duplex are reduced by a factor of 2 and are not sufficiently energizing for promoting changes in the internal loop structure at the time scale of the simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 187–196, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley. com
Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce by alkaline pretreatment at low temperature
Authors: Zhao Yulin , Wang Ying , Zhu J.Y. , Ragauskas Art , Deng Yulin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlkaline pretreatment of spruce at low temperature in both presence and absence of urea was studied. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis rate and efficiency can be significantly improved by the pretreatment. At low temperature, the pretreatment chemicals, either NaOH alone or NaOH–urea mixture solution, can slightly remove lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose in the lignocellulosic materials, disrupt the connections between hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin, and alter the structure of treated biomass to make cellulose more accessible to hydrolysis enzymes. Moreover, the wood fiber bundles could be broken down to small and loose lignocellulosic particles by the chemical treatment. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of untreated mechanical fibers can also be remarkably enhanced by NaOH or NaOH/urea solution treatment. The results indicated that, for spruce, up to 70% glucose yield could be obtained for the cold temperature pretreatment (−15°C) using 7% NaOH/12% urea solution, but only 20% and 24% glucose yields were obtained at temperatures of 23°C and 60°C, respectively, when other conditions remained the same. The best condition for the chemical pretreatment regarding this study was 3% NaOH/12% urea, and −15°C. Over 60% glucose conversion was achieved upon this condition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1320–1328. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
At‐line monitoring of bioreactor protein production by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Jacquemart R. , Chavane N. , Durocher Y. , Hoemann C. , De Crescenzo G. , Jolicoeur M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn innovative and automated method for the at‐line monitoring of secreted protein was developed by harnessing a Surface Plasmon Resonance‐based biosensor to a bioreactor. The proof of concept was performed by following at‐line the relative concentration of a secreted protein produced by transient transfection of mammalian cells in a bioreactor. Our results suggest that our approach can be readily applied to the at‐line determination of both protein concentration and bioactivity. Our experimental setup and strategy can thus satisfy the needs related to the development of novel bioprocess control protocols in the context of the new process analytical technology that arises in the biopharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 184–188. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extrahelical Damaged Base Recognition by DNA Glycosylase Enzymes
Authors: Stivers James T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe efficient enzymatic detection of damaged bases concealed in the DNA double helix is an essential step during DNA repair in all cells. Emergent structural and mechanistic approaches have provided glimpses into this enigmatic molecular recognition event in several systems. A ubiquitous feature of these essential reactions is the binding of the damaged base in an extrahelical binding mode. The reaction pathway by which this remarkable extrahelical state is achieved is of great interest and even more debate.
A Conceptual DFT Approach for the Evaluation and Interpretation of Redox Potentials.
Authors: Moens Jan , Geerlings Paul , Roos Goedele 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced Coercivity in Co‐Rich Near‐Stoichiometric CoxFe3‐xO4+δ Nanoparticles Prepared in Large Batches.
Authors: Salazar‐Alvarez German , Olsson Richard T. , Sort Jordi , Macedo Waldemar A. A. , Ardisson Jose D. , Baro Maria Dolors , Gedde Ulf W. , Nogues Josep 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Use of New Substituted 1,3,5‐Hexatrienes in Studying Thermally Induced 6π‐Electrocyclizations.
Authors: Suennemann Hans Wolf , Banwell Martin G. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct, Facile Synthesis of Acyl Azides and Nitriles from Carboxylic Acids Using Bis(2‐methoxyethyl)aminosulfur Trifluoride.
Authors: Kangani Cyrous O. , Day Billy W. , Kelley David E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Allylation of Ketones Catalyzed by N,N′‐Dioxide and Indium(III) Complex.
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Donghui , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Wittig Reactions in Water Media Employing Stabilized Ylides with Aldehydes. Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters from Mixing Aldehydes, α‐Bromoesters, and Ph3P in Aqueous NaHCO3.
Authors: El‐Batta Amer , Jiang Changchun , Zhao Wen , Anness Robert , Cooksy Andrew L. , Bergdahl Mikael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Trifluoromethanesulfonamide with Amides and Paraformaldehyde.
Authors: Meshcheryakov V. I. , Danilevich Yu. S. , Moskalik M. Yu. , Stetsyura N. Yu. , Zavodnik V. E. , Bel'skii V. K. , Shainyan B. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Assembly via Ionic Interactions of Calix[6]arene‐Based Receptors Displaying Remarkable Host—Guest Properties Toward Neutral Guests.
Authors: Le Gac Stephane , Luhmer Michel , Reinaud Olivia , Jabin Ivan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Tetrathiafulvalene: Key Intermediates for the Synthesis of Redox‐Active Calixarene‐Based Anion Receptors.
Authors: Zhao Bang‐Tun , Blesa Maria‐Jesus , Le Derf Franck , Canevet David , Benhaoua Chahrazed , Mazari Miloud , Allain Magali , Salle Marc 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
En Route to Inherently Chiral Tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines.
Authors: Hou Bao‐Yong , Zheng Qi‐Yu , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroolefins.
Authors: Martin Nolwenn J. A. , Ozores Lidia , List Benjamin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tributylphosphine, Excellent Organocatalyst for Conjugate Additions of Non‐Nucleophilic N‐Containing Compounds.
Authors: Gimbert Carolina , Moreno‐Manas Marcial , Perez Elisabet , Vallribera Adelina 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New P,N‐Ferrocenyl Ligands for the Asymmetric Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Cheemala Murthy N. , Knochel Paul 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael Addition of Aryl Sulfonimines with Diethyl Malonate for Synthesis of Arylidene Dimalonates.
Authors: Fan Renhua , Wang Weizi , Pu Dongming , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalyst‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Amination of 2‐Chloro‐5‐nitrobenzoic Acid.
Authors: Baqi Younis , Mueller Christa E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A One‐Pot Combination of Amine and Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy and β‐Malonate Esters from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Cordova Armando 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Oxidative Conversion of Alcohols and Amines to Nitriles with Molecular Iodine and DIH in aq. NH3.
Authors: Iida Shinpei , Togo Hideo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Zinc Mediated Propenylation of Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Srihari P. , Singh Ashutosh Pratap , Basak A. K. , Yadav J. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical Alkyl Disulfides under Phase Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Sonavane Sachin U. , Chidambaram Mandan , Almog Joseph , Sasson Yoel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.