bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le développement d'une pédagogie du français langue étrangère : les pronoms relatifs en qu- dans les grammaires à l'usage des anglophones
Authors: Kibbee Douglas 
Published: November 2007

Douglas Kibbee, « The development of a pedagogy of French as foreign language: the relative pronoun with qu- in grammars for the usage of English speakers ».
The French language retained its prestige in England even as its range of functions diminished in English law and other administrative institutions. The first grammars and orthographical treatises of French were composed for an English audience in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the first printed grammars of French in the late 15th and early 16th century were likewise for insular readers. In these printed grammars the category of 'relative pronoun' might include what today are termed locative, possessive, partitive, interrogative, demonstrative and personal pronouns. The description of the qu- forms was sometimes scanty in the early grammars, but expanded rapidly in the 17th century, under the influence of continental works. Given the pedagogical utility of comparison, those features that distinguished French from English usage in this area, such as animacy, received special attention.
F. de Saussure et la constitution d'un domaine de mémoire pour la linguistique contemporaine
Authors: Chiss Jean-Louis , Puech Christian 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Louis Chiss and Christian Puech : F. de Saussure and the Constitution of a Domain of Memory for Contemporary Linguistics
This text examines the memory of linguistics as a discipline by questioning the essential reference of many linguistic works to F. de Saussure's Course of General Linguistics. It show the complexity of this apparently simple referential operation, in which it perceives different and often contradictory reading strategies, various modes of reception and several time periods. This work is a contribution to the understanding of what is the « domain of memory » (Foucault) of contemporary linguistics.
Combinaisons appropriées des constructions complétives
Authors: Mohri Mehryar 
Published: November 2007

M. Mohri : Combinaisons appropriées des constructions complétives
Some verb-noun combinations require specific studies. Here, we shall present a set of such combinations which are composed of a verb admitting sentential complements and a predicative noun. These combinations which we shall call appropriate do not share the properties generally observed. Indeed, unlike the majority of other groups of verb and predicative noun, some of these combinations do not allow the application of general transformations. Also, in some cases, the predicative noun of these combinations can be dropped from a sentence without producing any loss of information. Using these two criteria, we shall give a precise definition of these appropriate combinations.
Étude des objets nominaux de verbes de parole anglais ; comparaison avec le français
Authors: Kübler Nathalie 
Published: November 2007

N. Kubler : Étude des objets nominaux de verbes de parole anglais, comparaison avec le français
The object of this paper is to explore the syntactic structures of the English report verbs and to compare them with the French verb structures. Among these structures we single out for special attention the verbs to say and to tell, as well as the particular noun complements they accept. It will be shown that, although they share the same defining structure NO V That S to N2, they do not accept the same noun complements. Different derivations will be proposed to analyze the various noun complements which are allowed after report verbs. The table shown in the appendix illustrates the way lists of appropriate nouns for specific verbs are made out. In the second part of this paper, the comparison between appropriate nouns of the French verb dire and the two corresponding English verbs to say and to tell brings out the differences and similarities of the two systems. The linguistic phenomena are very similar, e.g. the use of support verbs and appropriate nouns. Each verb however has specific uses —whether in English or in French. A possible answer to these specific use is the careful working-out of a lexicon-grammar.
« Le traducteur et l'ordinateur »
Authors: Ladmiral Jean-René 
Published: November 2007

Jean-René Ladmiral : « Le traducteur et l'ordinateur »
In a first part, this paper presents the other papers published in this issue, within a wider, linguistic and historical framework. In a second part, the author explains how the use of a personal computer with text-processing software can help the translator resolving psycho-linguistic difficulties in rewording, i.e. producing a target language text.
« L'intérêt des logiciels de concordances pour la traduction »
Authors: Jacquet-Pfau Christine 
Published: November 2007

Christine Jacquet-Pfau : « L'intérêt des logiciels de concordances pour la traduction »
The aim of this article is to show the potential resources of concordance and textual analysis software (WORDCRUNCHER, TACT and DISCOTEXT) for translators. This type of analysis in context enables a faster, more systematic and therefore more effective handling of three main areas of the translator's work :
comprehension of the field, reformulation and comparison of existing translations of the same text.
« Ordinateurs et traduction : survol d'un demi-siècle »
Authors: Anis Jacques 
Published: November 2007

Jacques Anis : « Ordinateurs et traduction : survol d'un demi-siècle »
The paper presents a historical survey of research in Machine (Aided) Translation. The five decades are described, 1945-1955, the first steps ; 1955-1965, from enthusiasm to disillusionment ; 1965-1975 the « quiet period » ; 1975-1985 the revival ; 1985-1995 matureness. All through the paper are recurrently addressed general topics such as the image of MT, the factors of MT demand, the architectures of eystems, the relations between MT and linguistics, the progressive integration of the computer into translation activity, the diversification of computer tools (from fully automated translation to machine-aided human translation)...
Le mécanisme des relations de réplique
Authors: Zeevat Henk 
Published: November 2007

H. Zeevat, Université d'Amsterdam : « Le mécanisme des relations de réplique »
The paper discusses the laws by which the counterpart relation between objects in the world and the « objects » in the mind of a person (or between the « objects » in the mind of a person A and those in the mind of a person B) evolve under the influence of communication and perception. The results of this investigation are combined with a recent theory of presuppositions to obtain an alternative solution to Frege's problem in attitudinal contexts.
« L'EGLF : Une grammaire à "tiroirs" »
Authors: Wilmet Marc 
Published: November 2007

Marc Wllmet : « l'E.G.L.F. : une grammaire à "tiroirs" »
The title in the form of a pun intends both to refer to the ressources of a strictly speaking inexhaustible book and to single out the chapter on verbal forms, which is probably one of the most powerful theoretical constructions in French grammar since Nicolas Beauzee (1767). Marc Wilmet points out what to him is its main quality — the opposition between the nunc 'now' and the tune 'then' — and its main defect — the unacknowledgment of aspect, which was by contrast discovered by Gustave Guillaume (1929) at the same time. By way of conclusion, he proposes a reexamination of the uses of the "imparfait" based on a simultaneous account of the two parameters.
Esquisse d'une grammaire du sublime chez Longin
Authors: Zilberberg Claude 
Published: November 2007

The study has three objectives:
(i) to reinforce the still fledgling hypothesis of the schematism of tension. This hypothesis proposes to accentuate the orientation of the interval which is considered to be more dynamic than opposition; the sublime according to Longinus' description is characterized by suddenness, hence speed, by which he forces the enunciatee to bridge the semantic gap;
(ii) establish that the principal distinctions of rhetoric, in this case restricted if one relates it to the works of Aristotle, are already those that tensive semiotics is labouring to specify; (iii) finally, from the perspective of future generalization, the point of view adopted here is indirect as it is not presented as the ordinary relation of a commenting texte [D2] to a commented text [Dl], but as a commentary [D3] of a commentary [D2], such that the point of view has for its formula: [D3 - D2 - Dl]. The possibility of grammaticality, that is , the constraining recurrence of certain semantic categories , is related to the stabilization of the relation [D3 - D2].
Verbes statifs et adjectifs en tayo
Authors: Corne Chris 
Published: November 2007

Chris Corne : Stative verbs and adjectives in Tayo
The lexicon of tayo is French-based whereas its syntax is principally influenced by Kanak languages. In Tayo, there is a small number of pre-posed adjectives, coming distinctly from French since the Kanak languages do not allow such a word-order. Post-posed adjectives are rare. The alternative is a relative clause containing a stative verb, a Kanak pattern. The paper analyzes stative verbs found in the following
context le + verb + subject and causative derivation through the use of prefix fe-+ stative verb, another Kanak pattern. Present-day bilingualism (Kanak languages-French) in the Tayo speech community determines a French or a Kanak reading of attributive (pre- and post-posed) and predicative adjectives, and stative verbs. Transfer and retention of lexifier language features are assumed to be the motor processes in the creation and evolution of new vernaculars.
Effects of presentation speed of a dynamic visualization on the understanding of a mechanical system
Authors: Fischer Sebastian , Lowe Richard K. , Schwan Stephan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn experimental study examined temporal manipulation of presentation speed as instructional design strategy. In a between subject design, an animation of a mechanical system, a pendulum clock, was presented at either normal speed or as highly sped up version. Presentation speed was found to affect distribution of attention and understanding of the clock's functioning. Think aloud protocols were analysed for mentions of clock parts as an attention indicator, and for statements about the functions of crucial clock parts. Verbal reports from the fast condition contained more statements about the weight, which is a central part of the clocks' driving mechanism. Written descriptions of the clock produced after presentation included more correct concepts about the key components in the fast condition. For complex dynamic subject matter at least, temporal manipulation of presentation speed seems to provide instructional designers with a way to increase attention to relevant parts and thereby facilitate understanding. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfonated poly(ether imide) and poly(ether sulfone) blends for direct methanol fuel cells. I. Sulfonation of PEI and characterization of the products
Authors: Shu Yao‐Chi , Chuang Fu‐Sheng , Tsen Wen‐Chin , Chow Jing‐Dong , Gong Chunli , Wen Sheng 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis investigation examines characteristics of sulfonated polyether imides (SPEI) with various ion exchange capacity values (IEC) and completes previous work to enable its blends to be adopted as polyelectrolyte in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Polyether imides (PEI) were sulfonated by using chlorosulfonic acid as the sulfonating agent and chloroform as the solvent. The structure of SPEI was observed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The sulfonate or sulfonic acid content of the polymers, expressed as a number per repeat unit of the polymer, was accurately determined by elemental analysis and conductometric titration. Physical properties such as solubility, intrinsic viscosities, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature (Tg) were studied for both PEI and SPEI. TGA‐FTIR verified that sulfonic groups, attached to the aromatic ring in the PEI backbone, are split at 230–350°C, but the main‐chain splitting temperature of SPEI is similar to that of pure polymer. The sulfonated samples exhibited good solubilities and increased glass transition temperatures (Tg values) as degree of sulfonation (DS) increased; two Tg values were detected when IEC was sufficiently high. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Structural and thermodynamic encoding in the sequence of rat microsomal cytochrome b5
Authors: Lecomte Juliette T. J. , Mukhopadhyay Kunal , Pond Matthew P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe water‐soluble domain of rat microsomal cytochrome b5 is a convenient protein with which to inspect the connection between amino acid sequence and thermodynamic properties. In the absence of its single heme cofactor, cytochrome b5 contains a partially folded stretch of ˜30 residues. This region is recognized as prone to disorder by programs that analyze primary structures for such intrinsic features. The cytochrome was subjected to amino acid replacements in the folded core (I12A), in the portion that refolds only when in contact with the heme group (N57P), and in both (F35H/H39A/L46Y). Despite the difficulties associated with measuring thermodynamic quantities for the heme‐bound species, it was possible to rationalize the energetic consequences of both types of replacements and test a simple equation relating apoprotein and holoprotein stability. In addition, a phenomenological relationship between the change in Tm (the temperature at the midpoint of the thermal transition) and the change in thermodynamic stability determined by chemical denaturation was observed that could be used to extend the interpretation of incomplete holoprotein stability data. Structural information was obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy toward an atomic‐level analysis of the effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 428–442, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
T cell adhesion mechanisms revealed by receptor lateral mobility
Authors: Cairo Christopher W. , Golan David E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCell surface receptors mediate the exchange of information between cells and their environment. In the case of adhesion receptors, the spatial distribution and molecular associations of the receptors are critical to their function. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms regulating the distribution and binding associations of these molecules is necessary to understand their functional regulation. Experiments characterizing the lateral mobility of adhesion receptors have revealed a set of common mechanisms that control receptor function and thus cellular behavior. The T cell provides one of the most dynamic examples of cellular adhesion. An individual T cell makes innumerable intercellular contacts with antigen presenting cells, the vascular endothelium, and many other cell types. We review here the mechanisms that regulate T cell adhesion receptor lateral mobility as a window into the molecular regulation of these systems, and we present a general framework for understanding the principles and mechanisms that are likely to be common among these and other cellular adhesion systems. We suggest that receptor lateral mobility is regulated via four major mechanisms—reorganization, recruitment, dispersion, and anchoring—and we review specific examples of T cell adhesion receptor systems that utilize one or more of these mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 409–419, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Colorectal liver metastases contract centripetally with a response to chemotherapy
Authors: Ng Jennica K.S. , Urbanski Stefan J. , Mangat Naurang , McKay Andrew , Sutherland Francis R. , Dixon Elijah , Dowden Scot , Ernst Scott , Bathe Oliver F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Recently, there has been considerable interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases. However, there is little information that defines how much liver should be removed after a favorable response.METHODS.Liver metastases from 2 groups of patients were analyzed: 25 metastases were evaluated from a group that did not receive chemotherapy and 26 lesions were studied from patients who had received systemic chemotherapy before resection. All patients except for 1 had 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), leucovorin (LV), and irinotecan (CPT‐11); 1 had 5‐FU and LV alone. The average duration of chemotherapy was 2.9 ± 0.7 months. Separate assessments of the histopathologic features of the central and peripheral portions of each tumor were made. The pathologist was blinded to all clinical information.RESULTS.All of the untreated metastases had well‐circumscribed borders. Irregular borders were seen in 6 of the postchemotherapy lesions (26%), which was particularly prominent in lesions that had significantly contracted. After chemotherapy, discrete islands of viable tumor cells outside of the main tumor mass were seen in 4 patients, but all were close to the peripheral margin of the tumor mass. Viable tumor cells were more frequent in the periphery of metastases, regardless of chemotherapy exposure. Central necrosis was prominent in untreated metastases, but disappeared after chemotherapy. In lesions treated with chemotherapy, central fibrosis was greater compared with untreated lesions.CONCLUSIONS.After a partial response to chemotherapy, liver metastases shrank in a generally concentric fashion. These findings support the practice of removing less liver after downsizing with chemotherapy. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Optical and mechanical properties of a new second order nonlinear optical crystal urea l‐threonine
Authors: Jaikumar D. , Kalainathan S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new second order non‐linear optical organic crystal Urea L‐threonine has been grown by aqueous solution slow cooling technique. The grown crystal is non hygroscopic and transparent in the visible region. The solubility of the grown crystal was found. The crystal structure and perfection were determined using powder XRD and High resolution XRD. The molecular structure was confirmed by 1H‐NMR spectrum. Thermal properties of the crystal have been studied using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The dielectric response of the crystal with varying frequencies at different temperatures was studied. UV‐Visible spectrum was recorded to study the optical transparency of the grown crystals. The second order non linear optical property was examined by Kurtz powder technique and found that the second order susceptibilities is 1.2 KDP at wavelength 1064 nm. The mechanical behaviour was studied by Vickers Microhardness test. The results are discussed in detail. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of a new nonlinear optical single crystal: L‐Lysinium trifluoroacetate
Authors: Mathivanan V. , Raghavalu T. , Kovendhan M. , Suriya Kumar K. , Gokul Raj S. , Ramesh Kumar G. , Mohan R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSingle crystals of a new L‐Lysine salt: L‐Lysinium trifluoroacetate {abbreviated as LLyTFA; [(NH2)‐(CH2)4‐CH‐(NH3)‐(COOH)]+ CF3COO‐} were grown by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution at room temperature. The grown crystals were subjected to single crystal X‐ray diffraction, FTIR and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrum analyses. The UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrum shows that the absorption is very less in the whole of the region from ultraviolet to near IR. The Kurtz‐Perry powder SHG measurement using a Nd:YAG laser of wavelength 1064nm confirms the frequency doubling of the crystal and its powder SHG efficiency was measured as deff = 0.96 deff (KDP). (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Anion–π Interactions in Bis(pyr­imidine) Salts (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 35/2007)
Authors: Garcia‐Raso Angel , Albertí Francisca M. , Fiol Juan J. , Tasada Andrés , Barceló‐Oliver Miquel , Molins Elies , Escudero Daniel , Frontera Antonio , Quiñonero David , Deyà Pere M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the X‐ray structure of the N,N′‐tetramethylenebis(2‐aminopyrimidinium) tetrafluoroborate salt, which exhibits interesting anion–π interactions that are responsible for the crystal packing. The anion forms a sandwich complex with two pyrimidine rings. A schematic representation of the interaction is depicted in the upper left‐hand corner, which corresponds to the thermal ellipsoid plot. In the manuscript we include a theoretical study of the anion–π interaction involving charged pyrimidine rings, which is in good agreement with the findings of the experimental study. Details are discussed in the article by A. Garcia‐Raso, A. Frontera, P. M. Deyá et al. on p. 5821 ff.
Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC
Authors: Castro‐Puyana María , Crego Antonio L. , Marina María L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the most recent developments concerning the determination of antibiotics by CE and CEC. The most employed CE separation modes were CZE and MEKC although microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatoghraphy was also employed. For the first time, CE was coupled to MS that was applied as a specific and confirmatory detection technique for the analysis of antibiotics. The analytical characteristics of the developed methodologies as well as the different applications reported in the literature on this subject from June 2005 until May 2007 are included in this article. To give the most relevant information on this topic, the experimental conditions employed to achieve the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC are provided together with the main applications performed in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, biological, food, and environmental fields, emphazising sample preparation requirements needed in each case.
The relationship between social norm consensus, perceived similarity, and observer reactions to coworker theft
Authors: Schmidtke James M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis research examines observers' reactions to coworker theft in a restaurant chain. This study focuses on the role of social information, such as the social norm consensus regarding the specific type of theft behavior, and on the perceived similarity between the observer and the perpetrator. In general, observers are less likely to label coworkers' behavior as theft when social norm consensus is low and when they perceive the perpetrator as similar to themselves. Also, observers are less likely to report and more likely to imitate the theft behavior of similar coworkers as the amount of consensus regarding the type of theft decreases. Analyses indicate that the relationship between similarity, reporting, and imitation of theft behavior is not mediated by the labeling of an event as theft. Implications for employee theft research and human resource management practice are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.