bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy for management of Barrett's esophagus with high‐grade dysplasia
Authors: Panjehpour Masoud , Overholt Bergein F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPorfimer sodium photodynamic therapy (ps‐PDT) for Barrett's esophagus is a powerful endoscopic treatment that can eliminate high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and Barrett's mucosa and reduce the risk of development of cancer in these patients. Ps‐PDT typically results in destruction of Barrett's esophagus in the majority of the treated area. However, residual small island of Barrett's mucosa may persist after PDT. Therefore, adjuvant thermal ablation should be available during follow‐up endoscopies for ablation of residual islands of Barrett's mucosa. PDT should be applied concurrent with effective proton pump inhibitor therapy. This article provides a practical guide for application of porfimer sodium balloon PDT for management of Barrett's esophagus with HGD. Recommendations are provided for patient selection and screening, delivery of PDT to include light dosimetry, methodology for follow‐up endoscopies, as well as discussing the potential side effects and complications. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:390–395, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and research applications of photodynamic therapy in dermatology: Experience of the scottish PDT centre
Authors: Moseley H. , Ibbotson S. , Woods J. , Brancaleon L. , Lesar A. , Goodman C. , Ferguson J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Scottish PDT Centre has carried out 3,442 treatments on 762 patients with superficial skin lesions, especially superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC), Bowen's disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK).Study Design Materials and MethodsThe article reviews our experience of various light sources and associated dosimetry; thereafter we discuss clinical outcome followed by some of our research studies in clinically important areas.ResultsWe show that improved dosimetry is required to ensure an optimal light dose is delivered to the tumour. We have shown that photosensitizers and proteins interact in such a way that their photophysical and photochemical properties are modified. We have also demonstrated the presence of DNA strand breaks with two different photosensitizers, but there is no evidence that PDT is significantly mutagenic in clinical practice.ConclusionsIn our experience, topical PDT is generally well tolerated and is an effective treatment of sBCC, BD, AK, field change and lesions at sites of poor healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:403–416, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indole, a core nucleus for potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization
Authors: Brancale Andrea , Silvestri Romano 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMicrotubules are the basic components of cell structure, which take part in a wide number of pivotal cellular functions. Drugs that are able to modulate the microtubule assembly either by inhibition of tubulin polymerization or by blocking microtubule disassembly are of great interest in anti‐cancer therapy. Several tubulin polymerization inhibitors characterized by the presence of an indole nucleus have been obtained from natural sources or have been prepared by semi‐synthesis. In the last decade an ever increasing number of synthetic indoles have been reported. We have reviewed anti‐tubulin agents obtained by synthesis having an indole as core nucleus. The synthesis, the biological activity, and the structure–activity relationship aspects of 3‐formyl‐2‐phenylindoles, heterocombretastatins, diarylindoles, 2‐aroylindoles, D‐24851, 2‐aryl‐3‐aroylindoles, 3‐aroyl‐ and 1‐aroylindoles, and arylthioindoles are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Log‐Euclidean metrics for fast and simple calculus on diffusion tensors
Authors: Arsigny Vincent , Fillard Pierre , Pennec Xavier , Ayache Nicholas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DT‐MRI or DTI) is an emerging imaging modality whose importance has been growing considerably. However, the processing of this type of data (i.e., symmetric positive‐definite matrices), called “tensors” here, has proved difficult in recent years. Usual Euclidean operations on matrices suffer from many defects on tensors, which have led to the use of manyad hocmethods. Recently, affine‐invariant Riemannian metrics have been proposed as a rigorous and general framework in which these defects are corrected. These metrics have excellent theoretical properties and provide powerful processing tools, but also lead in practice to complex and slow algorithms. To remedy this limitation, a new family of Riemannian metrics called Log‐Euclidean is proposed in this article. They also have excellent theoretical properties and yield similar results in practice, but with much simpler and faster computations. This new approach is based on a novel vector space structure for tensors. In this framework, Riemannian computations can be converted into Euclidean ones once tensors have been transformed into their matrix logarithms. Theoretical aspects are presented and the Euclidean, affine‐invariant, and Log‐Euclidean frameworks are compared experimentally. The comparison is carried out on interpolation and regularization tasks on synthetic and clinical 3D DTI data. Magn Reson Med 56, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utilizing audit to evaluate improvements in continuous veno‐venous haemofiltration practices in intensive therapy unit
Authors: Richardson Annette , Reynolds Claire , Rodgers Rebecca 
Published: June 2006

AbstractContinuous veno‐venous haemofiltration (CVVH) is used regularly in the management of acute renal failure in intensive therapy unit (ITU). A three‐staged approach was undertaken involving two audits of practice to improve CVVH record keeping in a 15‐bedded cardiac ITU. An initial baseline audit identified a number of areas for improvement in practice. The areas for improvement were implemented then a second audit was repeated. The improvements and practice changes included the dissemination of audit findings to the multidisciplinary team, redesigning the prescription chart to a more user‐friendly format and the development of a competency‐based CVVH workbook. This nurse‐led project demonstrated how positive outcomes and improvements could be achieved with record keeping across the multidisciplinary ITU team.
Tracheal intubation using the ILMA, C‐TrachTM or McCoy laryngoscope in patients with simulated cervical spine injury
Authors: Bilgin H. , Bozkurt M. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryA study of 90 patients was undertaken to compare intubation success rates of using either ILMA, C‐TrachTM or McCoy laryngoscope in patients with simulated cervical spine injury. Insertion and intubation success rates, time taken to achieve intubation, airway complications and haemodynamic parameters were recorded. Insertion of ILMA and C‐TrachTM was successful at the first attempt in all patients. Intubation success rates were higher in the C‐Trach (100%) and McCoy (100%) groups than in the ILMA (87%) group. Total intubation time was significantly longer in the ILMA (63 s, SD 36.5) group than in the C‐Trach (41 s, SD 15.8) and McCoy (30 s, SD 7.4) groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in haemodynamic parameters among the groups at any time.
Geographical partitioning of goat diversity in Europe and the Middle East
Authors: Cañón J. , García D. , García‐Atance M. A. , Obexer‐Ruff G. , Lenstra J. A. , Ajmone‐Marsan P. , Dunner S. ,   The ECONOGENE Consortium
Published: June 2006

SummaryThirty microsatellite markers were analysed in 1426 goats from 45 traditional or rare breeds in 15 European and Middle Eastern countries. In all populations inbreeding was indicated by heterozygosity deficiency (mean FIS = 0.10). Genetic differentiation between breeds was moderate with a mean FST value of 0.07, but for most (c. 71%) northern and central European breeds, individuals could be assigned to their breeds with a success rate of more than 80%. Bayesian‐based clustering analysis of allele frequencies and multivariate analysis revealed at least four discrete clusters: eastern Mediterranean (Middle East), central Mediterranean, western Mediterranean and central/northern Europe. About 41% of the genetic variability among the breeds could be explained by their geographical origin. A decrease in genetic diversity from the south‐east to the north‐west was accompanied by an increase in the level of differentiation at the breed level. These observations support the hypothesis that domestic livestock migrated from the Middle East towards western and northern Europe and indicate that breed formation was more systematic in north‐central Europe than in the Middle East. We propose that breed differentiation and molecular diversity are independent criteria for conservation.
Structural analogues of AMD3100 mobilise haematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow in vivo according to their ability to inhibit CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 in vitro
Authors: Martin Coralie , Bridger Gary J. , Rankin Sara M. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThe CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, stimulates a rapid increase in circulating numbers of haematopoeitic progenitor cells (HPCs) in both mice and human healthy volunteers. An in situ perfusion system of the mouse femoral bone marrow was used to provide the first direct evidence that AMD3100 mobilises HPCs from the bone marrow. Structural analogues of AMD3100 demonstrated that the ability of these compounds to mobilise HPCs in vivo correlated with their capacity to antagonise CXCR4 in vitro. This model system was also used to demonstrate additive effects of AMD3100 administered acutely, with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor administered chronically, with respect to HPC mobilisation.
AUG‐proximal nucleotides regulate protein synthesis in Leishmania tropica
Authors: Stanton Julie D. , Mensa‐Wilmot Kojo 
Published: June 2006

SummaryGene expression in the Leishmania is controlled post‐transcriptionally, and is likely to be impacted by both 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). We have investigated the effects of trinucleotides in the AUG‐proximal region (APR) (i.e. positions −3 to −1 upstream of an AUG) on two reporter genes in the context of an endogenous intergenic region of Leishmania tropica. The effects of APRs on protein expression were determined in stable transfectants in vivo. Three APRs, namely, C−3C−2C−1, ACC and GCC, yielded robust translation, whereas GTA produced low amounts of proteins. A purine at −3 of an APR was not crucial for efficient translation. Steady‐state level of reporter mRNA did not correlate directly with the amount of protein detected. Polysome analysis revealed that APRs modulate translation, at least in part, by influencing mRNA association with ribosomes. An analysis of genomic UTRs in L. major showed that (i) the consensus APR is N−3N−2C−1 (where N = any nucleotide), and (ii) the most frequently used APRs include ACA, ACC, ATC, GCC, GCG, GTC and CAC, some of which were translation enhancers in our experimental studies.
Involvement of wound‐induced receptor‐like protein kinase in wound signal transduction in tobacco plants
Authors: Takabatake Reona , Seo Shigemi , Ito Naoko , Gotoh Yoko , Mitsuhara Ichiro , Ohashi Yuko 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThe wound‐induced receptor‐like protein kinase (WRK) gene, isolated as one of the genes whose transcripts accumulated during the early period of N gene‐dependent synchronized cell death in tobacco mosaic virus‐infected tobacco plants, encodes a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein kinase, and its transcript was transiently increased 15 min after wounding. In the present study, analysis of a green fluorescent protein fusion protein indicated that WRK is localized in the plasma membrane. In transgenic tobacco plant lines with elevated or suppressed levels of WRK transcript, the wound‐induced accumulation of both basic PR‐1 and PR‐6 transcripts was slightly enhanced or significantly suppressed respectively. The decrease in wound‐induced basic PR gene expression in WRK suppressed lines was restored by jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Furthermore, the levels of wound‐induced enzymatic activation of both salicylic acid‐induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound‐induced protein kinase (WIPK) and wound‐induced accumulation of JA were reduced in the WRK suppressed lines in comparison with a control line. These results suggest that WRK functions upstream of SIPK and WIPK and regulates wound signal transduction in tobacco plants.
Co‐Authorship in Management and Organizational Studies: An Empirical and Network Analysis*
Authors: Acedo Francisco José , Barroso Carmen , Casanueva Cristóbal , Galán José Luis 
Published: June 2006

In recent decades there has been growing interest in the nature and scale of scientific collaboration. Studies into co‐authorship have taken two different approaches. The first one attempts to analyse the reasons why authors collaborate and the consequences of such decision (Laband and Tollison, 2000). The second approach is based on the idea that co‐authorship creates a social network of researchers (Barabási et al., 2002; Moody, 2004; Newman, 2001). In this study we have carried out an exploratory analysis of co‐authorships in the field of management from the two aforementioned approaches. The results obtained show a growing tendency of the co‐authored papers in the field of management, similar to what can be observed in other disciplines. Our study analyses some of the underpinning factors, which have been highlighted in the literature, explaining this tendency. Thus, the progressive quantitative character of research and the influence of the collaboration on the articles' impact are enhanced. The network analysis permits the exploration of the peculiarities of the management in comparison with other fields of knowledge, as well as the existing linkages between the most central and prominent authors within this discipline.
Real‐time mud gas logging and sampling during drilling
Authors: ERZINGER J. , WIERSBERG T. , ZIMMER M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractContinuous mud gas loggings during drilling as well as offline mud gas sampling are standard procedures in oil and gas operations, where they are used to test reservoir rocks for hydrocarbons while drilling. Our research group has developed real‐time mud gas monitoring techniques for scientific drilling in non‐hydrocarbon formations mainly to sample and study the composition of crustal gases. We describe in detail this technique and provide examples for the evaluation of the continuous gas logs, which are not always easy to interpret. Hydrocarbons, helium, radon and with limitations carbon dioxide and hydrogen are the most suitable gases for the detection of fluid‐bearing horizons, shear zones, open fractures, sections of enhanced permeability and permafrost methane hydrate occurrences. Off‐site isotope studies on mud gas samples helped reveal the origin and evolution of deep‐seated crustal fluids.
Influence of drought on predation of elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves by lions (Panthera leo) in an African wooded savannah
Authors: Loveridge A. J. , Hunt J. E. , Murindagomo F. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractData were collected on species killed by lionsPanthera leoin Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe between 1998 and 2004. Lions killed predominantly large to medium‐sized herbivores, concentrating on buffaloSyncerus caffer, elephantLoxodonta africana, giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis, wildebeestConnochaetes taurinusand zebraEquus burchelli. These species made up 83% of all lion kills found and 94% of the biomass of kills actually observed. Elephant calves made up an unusually large proportion of lion prey during the study period (23% of kills recorded). All elephants killed were dependent juveniles. Elephant calves appear more vulnerable during the dry months of the year, particularly in years of below average rainfall. Elephant calves are usually well protected. However, high‐density aggregations of elephants around limited water sources during the dry season may deplete local food resources, forcing elephant herds to travel large distances between water and forage. Under these circumstances, elephant calves may become lost or separated from family groups, accounting for their high incidence in lion diet.
Nonablative lasers
Authors: Nouri Keyvan , Rivas Maria Patricia , Bouzari Navid , Faghih Sahar 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThe trend toward minimally invasive rejuvenation techniques has led to the widespread use of nonablative lasers. Nonablative lasers can be classified in two groups based on their wavelengths: lasers emitting light in the visible range, and those emitting in the infrared range. In this review, different laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) systems are presented and critically discussed along with findings of the studies in the literature.
Photoepilation: a potential threat to wound healing in a mouse
Authors: Huh Chang Hun , Oh Jun Kyu , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Mi Hyang , Won Chong Hyun , Eun Hee Chul 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackground  Theoretically, the bulge area which is known to be a reservoir of epidermal stem cells should be destroyed to achieve permanent photoepilation. We wished to determine whether wound healing capability is perturbed after photoepilation.Methods  Twenty C57/BL6 mice were used. After wax epilation to synchronize the hair cycle, one‐half of the backs of mice were photoepilated in the early anagen stage. After the two hair cycles of the mice to confirm the hair removal effect, 30% trichloroacetic acid was applied to the both halves of the backs of the mice. A skin biopsy was performed on both sides before and just after the injury, and 2, 6, 9, and 14 days thereafter. The specimens were evaluated histologically after staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and Verhoeff‐van Gieson.Results  No differences in wound healing times were evident upon gross observation by the naked eye. However, the photoepilated hairless skin was observed to have a thicker epidermis and dermis than normal hairy skin by histological evaluation. The cellularity of the healed wound was much denser in the photoepilated. Collagen production of the neodermis in the normal hairy skin was first observed around the lower part of hair follicle, while it started from the upper papillary dermis in photoepilated skin.Conclusion  Photoepilation may disturb the normal wound healing process, especially dermal wound healing, and increases the risk of producing hypertropic scar or keloid.
Combination of chemical peelings with botulinum toxin injections and dermal fillers
Authors: Landau Marina 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackground Chemical peelings are one of the most powerful and diverse tools for skin rejuvenation. Depending on the chemical used, peelings are classified as superficial, medium, and deep. The depth of the peeling must be adjusted to the depth of the pathological process to be corrected. Deeper peels can eliminate pigmentary spots and wrinkles but are associated with longer recovery time. Chemical peels can be used in conjunction with other nonsurgical methods for skin rejuvenation such as botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) and dermal fillers. Surprisingly, descriptions of such combinations are rare in the current medical literature.Aims To review and describe our experience with a combination of chemical peels with other nonsurgical procedures for facial skin rejuvenation, such as BTX‐A injections and dermal fillers.Patients Patients who came to the clinic for cosmetic treatments were assessed clinically and photographically to follow up the facial skin improvement following combination treatments.Results and conclusions By combining chemical peels with dermal fillers and BTX‐A injections synergistic beneficial effect is achieved. These rejuvenating procedures significantly increase the satisfaction rate of our patients and are relatively easy to adopt by any practicing dermatologist.
The shape of beauty: determinants of female physical attractiveness
Authors: Fisher Maryanne L , Voracek Martin 
Published: June 2006

SummaryRarely has one research area gained as much attention as that which is observed for female physical attractiveness. The past decade has resulted in numerous, exciting developments, particularly with respect to three proposed determinants of beauty: waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and curvaceousness. The goal of our paper is to provide a highly necessary review of contemporary research on the female attractiveness, including an in‐depth examination of these factors.In our review, we first discuss WHR, an index of fat deposition, which is calculated by measuring the circumference of the waist compared to the circumference of the hips. WHR is controlled by the sex hormones, and increases as women age, and hence, may influence perceptions of attractiveness. This factor has been hotly contested, as some researchers have claimed that a WHR of approximately 0.7 is universally most attractive, whereas others have found inconsistent findings, or suggest the importance of other factors, such as BMI.Body mass index (BMI), calculated by dividing the body weight (in kilograms) by height (in meters) squared, serves as a measure of body fat. Although WHR and BMI are correlated, they lead to different conclusions, and the importance of BMI as a measure of female attractiveness is debated in the literature. Similar to WHR research, BMI and its role in attractiveness is not cross‐culturally consistent and is affected by the availability of resources within a given environment.It may be the case that both WHR and BMI influence female attractiveness. However, there has been little investigation of this possibility. We have explored this issue in our research, which revealed that both influence attractiveness, but in addition, we noticed that curvaceousness was also a factor. Curvaceousness is the degree of “hourglass” shape as determined, for example, by the size of the bust, relative to the circumference of the hips and waist, and the size of the buttocks. However, curvaceousness does not appear to be temporally stable as a marker of attractiveness, and it is not consistent across modes of presentation. For example, models in male‐oriented magazines are more curvaceous than models in female‐oriented magazines.In summary, faced with these recent findings, it is difficult to ascertain agreement among the various factors, especially when researchers investigate each determinant in isolation. We conclude that, although researchers have made many important initial steps in examining female attractiveness, there remains much to be discovered.