bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definite or Indefinite? The Case of Arabic Product Names as Judged by Student Translators
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima 
Published: March 2024

Product names in Saudi Arabia are mostly written in both Arabic and English, whether they are imported or locally produced. Numerous errors in using the Arabic definite article are currently very common. This study aims to examine a sample of Arabic product names consisting of single and multi-word names to find out the percentage of indefinite and definite product names, the types of compound product names with the highest frequency in faulty definite article attachment, and whether they faulty {al-} attachment is a result of transfer from their English equivalents which in most cases are printed on the product boxes or bottles. A sample of 187 product names (food, teas, coffee, herbs, spices, supplements, and beauty products) was collected from supermarkets, shops, and pharmacies. A sample of undergraduate student translators made judgments about the correctness of the definiteness and indefiniteness of all the product names in the sample. A product name was confirmed as definite or indefinite if it received the same response from 70% of the participants. Results showed that 60% of the product names are definite and 40% are indefinite. 49% were judged correct ((38% indefinite and 11% definite) as برجر بقري Beef burger; توت مشكل mixed berries & كبة دجاج chicken kibbeh. 51% were judged incorrect (49% definite and 2% indefinite) as (الزنك *the zinc). مربى المشمش apricot fruit spread; شيش طاووق الدجاج shish tawook). In some cases, definite and indefinite forms of the same product names are used due to differences in the manufacturer. Few faulty indefinite forms should be definite ( بهارات السمكfish spices instead of بهارات سمك ), and few definite forms were considered correct (توابل المشويات BBQ spices). The highest frequency of faulty {al-} occurred in two-word product names. It seems that manufacturers are unaware of the rules of making product names definite/indefinite, especially those with a generic and ubiquitous reference as opposed to those referring to specific and unique entities as in oil names. Analysis revealed no transfer of definiteness/indefiniteness from English, in which product names are usually indefinite. Recommendations for the correct labelling and translation of product names are given.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PERIWINKLE SHELL ASH REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATION
Authors: Adah Patrick Ushie , Nuhu A. A. , Salawu A. A. , Hassan A. B. , Ubi P. A. 
Published: March 2024

The Periwinkle shell (Tympanotonus fuscatus) is one of the most abundant wastes in the Calabar coastal region of Nigeria and needs to be put into proper use. The great need to shift attention towards waste materials with good mechanical properties to replace some materials used in the Automobile industries for Automobile products is paramount. This research focused on the Mechanical characterization of several composites developed from Periwinkle Shell Powder (PSP) as filler and four selected polymeric materials as the matrix. Recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE), Recycled linear low-density polyethylene (rLLDPE), Recycled polystyrene (rPP) and recycled polystyrene (rPS) from waste dumps were selected as the Matrix for the composites. The crushed periwinkle shell (CPSP) was subjected to a calcination (ashing) process. Ashed Periwinkle Shell Powder (APSP) was used to reinforce the rHDPE, rLLDPE, rPP and rPS at 0 to 40% filler loading. Mechanical tests carried out resulted in the 30%PSP and 70%PP composite having better tensile and flexural strengths, good flexural modulus, hardness, impact and moisture absorption results. Results obtained from the mechanical tests were comparable with values obtained from a tested existing vehicle bumper. The APSP-filled recycled polymer composites can serve as a suitable green alternative to existing vehicle bumpers.
ASSESSING ANNUAL EXPOSURES DOSE AND OTHER RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FROM COSMIC RADIATION AMONG FLIGHT CREWS IN NIGERIA LOCAL AIRLINE
Authors: Okedeyi Sakiru Abiodun , Kayode Yusuf Olanrewaju , Joshua Abimbola , Atilade Adesanya Oluwafemi , Ikuemonisan Femi Emmanuel , Ajose Anthony Segara , Kasika Farouk Ajeigbe , Odubote Bilikisu Opeyemi , Ejire-Adedolapo Balqis Ayoka 
Published: March 2024

Cosmic radiation is high-energy radiation generated in outer space that increases with altitudes. This study uses aircrew cosmic radiation exposure to measure radiation dose received by monitoring individual crew members (a total of 179 members for all the crews in the three routes for 2011 to 2022) using computer model calculator (CARI – 6M) on Nigeria’s local airlines crews and evaluated other radiological parameters. The finding shows that annual effective dose (AED) received by the air crew members between 2011 and 2022 across the three routes (Lagos – Kano, Lagos – Abuja and Lagos – Port Harcourt) ranges between 0.230 and 1.90 µSv y-1 and there is a direct relationship between the time of flight and the effective dose received by the crew members. This result is lower than the recommended value of 20 µSv y-1 by International bodies. The result also revealed that Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) across the three routes ranges from 7.20 – 380 µSv y-1 with only Lagos – Kano route in year 2017 (380 µSv y-1) were above the maximum permissible value of 300 µSv y-1. The findings indicated low AED however; the significant excess lifetime cancer risk that increases with cumulative doses and dependent of the flight route constitute a risk. This implies that, there are possibilities of the crew members developing cancer during their lifetime. It’s therefore recommended that Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority should introduce regulations and training program to reduce potential sources of radiation exposure of Nigerian flight crews.
CHLORITE AUTHIGENESIS AND ITS EFFECTS ON RESERVOIR POROSITY IN THE EARLY CRETACEOUS BIMA SANDSTONE, YOLA SUB-BASIN, NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA
Authors: Nabage Nuru Abdullahi , Maigari A. S. , Haruna A. I. , Umar B. A. , Bata T. P. , Aliyu A. H. , Umar S. U. , Abdulmumin Y. , Abdulkarim S. 
Published: March 2024

The effects of chlorite on sandstone reservoirs have received more attention recently. Deeply buried sandstone reservoirs are prone to diagenetic alterations due to the presence of clays thereby affecting their reservoir quality (porosity). The effects of chlorite authigenesis on reservoir porosity are yet to be fully understood, and these create uncertainties in reservoir exploration of the fluvial reservoir in the basin. The Early Cretaceous Bima Sandstone which is divided into the Lower and Upper Members was deposited in a braided river to alluvial fan settings. An integrated approach, including thin-section petrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses was employed in the study with the aim of determining the effects of different chlorite occurrences on reservoir quality (porosity). Sandstone reservoir quality depends on both depositional parameters like grain size, sorting and matrix content as well as diagenetic alterations. Chlorite formation involves the availability of precursor clays like smectite, kaolinite and berthierine as the material base and dissolution of detrital grains to provide Fe and Mg ions. Two types of authigenic chlorite occurrences were observed in this research; the grain-coating chlorite and the pore-filling chlorite. The study shows that chlorite sourced from smectite-dominant clays occurs as grain-coating thereby inhibiting quartz overgrowth, whereas chlorite formed from kaolinite are found as pore-fillings which leads to deterioration of reservoir porosity.
DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF LASSA FEVER
Authors: Ogwuche Otache Innocent , Emonyi T. A. 
Published: March 2024

Many models on the transmission dynamics of Lasser fever were based on purely deterministic approach. This approach does not put into cognizance randomness which is inherent in disease transmission resulting from differences in immunity levels, contact patterns, hygienic practices and mutation rates among so many other possibilities. In this work, we attempt to demonstrate the impact of uncertainties in the mode of transmission of Lassa fever by subjecting the dynamics to some white noise modeled by the Brownian motion as a Wiener process. An existing deterministic model involving the Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered (SEIR) individuals was transformed into a stochastic differential equation model by applying the procedure proposed by Allen et al (2008). The resulting system of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) was solved numerically using the Milstein scheme for SDEs. An algorithm for the method was developed and implemented in Python programming language. Numerical simulations of the model was done using four sets of parameters; , representing the natural birth rate, the natural death rate , the recovering rate from infected to recovered, transmission rate from exposed to infected ,transmission rate from susceptible to exposed are carried out to investigate the transmission dynamic of Lassa fever. The results of the simulations indicate that randomness does affect transmission of Lassa fever. We therefore recommend that factors such as social behavior, hygienic practices, contact patters, mutation rate should be considered while formulating mathematics models of disease transmission.
Sonographic assessment of hemi-diaphragmatic palsy post brachial plexus blocks
Authors: Thomas Deepa Anne , Bhandary Avanish , Dsouza Joylin 
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim: Brachial plexus blocks (BPB) are indispensable in providing surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Although Hemi-diaphragmatic palsy (HDP) after BPB is clinically insignificant in the majority, it can cause significant physiological impairment in patients with reduced pulmonary function. Sonographic assessment of diaphragmatic function using the ABCDE approach provides accurate and quantitative information on HDP. This can be performed bedside before and after administration of the nerve block to quantify HDP. This was a prospective observational study comparing ultrasound-guided diaphragmatic thickness in two approaches of ultrasound-guided BPB.
Methodology: Eighty participants receiving eitherinterscalene/supraclavicular BPB were included in this observational study. Baseline vitals, NRS score for pain and ultrasound-guided diaphragm thickness at inspiration and expiration using the ABCDE approach were noted. After 20 minutes of BPB administration, the diaphragm thickness was remeasured.
Results: Eighty participants completed the study, forty from either group. Average volume of the total local anaesthetic drug mixture used was noted to be 30ml. The diaphragmatic thickness ratio in the supraclavicular group was found to decrease by 2.34% as compared to 2.39% in the interscalene group. (p-value 0.256 baseline values,0.292 for post block values) The thickness fraction was found to decrease by 9.21% in Group A as compared to 9.04% in Group B (P value 0.248 baseline values and 0.292 post-block values). There was no statistically significant difference between the diaphragm thickness in both the group'spre- and post-block, irrespective of the approach used.
Conclusion: The ABCDE approach to measure diaphragm thickness can be used as a simple bedside modality to quantify the amount of HDP occurring after ultrasound-guided BPB. It is easy to learn & a non-invasive modality which can be used to improve patient safety during BPB
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S101-S106
Cost per Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for upadacitinib in the treatment of bio-exposed patients with moderately-severely active ulcerative rectocolitis
Authors: Caprioli Flavio , Fantini Massimo Claudio , Marando Francesca , Scaduto Dario , Ravasio Roberto 
Published: March 2024

Background: Only limited information is available on cost efficacy of the advanced therapies for the treatment of ulcerative rectocolitis. We evaluated the efficacy and the treatment costs of these advanced therapies in the treatment of bio-exposed (primary failure to a biological agent) patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative rectocolitis.
Methods: Data from a previous network meta-analysis (NMA) in the treatment of bio-exposed patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative rectocolitis was used. The analysis involved three therapies approved in Italy for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative rectocolitis: upadacitinib (UPA), ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ). According to the NMA results, the analysis was conducted considering two different timepoints: induction and maintenance. The pharmacoeconomic comparison between advanced therapies was carried out to estimate the respective cost for the NNT (Number Needed to Treat) compared to placebo using the clinical response (CRes) for the induction and clinical remission (CRem) and endoscopic improvement (EI) for the maintenance. Only the ex-factory price of each advanced therapy was considered. The cost per NNT was adopted as a cost-effectiveness indicator.
Results: Independently of the timepoint considered (induction or maintenance) and the clinical (CRem and CRes) or endoscopic endpoint (EI) evaluated, UPA had always the lower cost per NNT than UST and VDZ. For example, considering the induction and the CRes, the cost per NNT for upadacitinib (45 mg) was € 7,862.07 compared to € 30,459.38 for ustekinumab (6 mg/kg) and to € 67,868.00 for vedolizumab.
Conclusion: Upadacitinib is a cost-effective therapeutic option compared to ustekinumab and vedolizumab in the treatment of bio-exposed patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative rectocolitis.
The state of microcirculation in patients with periodontal diseases and disorders of the occlusal relationships of the dentition
Authors: Kochkonyan T. S. , Domenyuk D. A. , Davydov B. N. , Ivanyuta O. O. , Domenyuk S. D. 
Published: March 2024

Background. The study of microcirculation disorders, as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, is relevant in clinical dentistry. Premature contacts, acting as provoking factors for occlusal disorders, cause overload of individual teeth and aggravate the severity of inflammatory periodontal pathology. Objective registration of capillary blood flow and associated changes in the microvessels of the arteriolar and venular units in patients with periodontopathies and occlusal dis-orders will allow us to assess the degree and nature of tissue blood flow disorders in the gum tissue.Goal. Increasing the efficiency of diagnosing microcirculatory disorders in periodontal tissues in patients with chronic generalized mild periodontitis and disorders of the occlusal relationships of the dentition.Materials and methods. Using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the state of mi-crocirculation in the periodontium was studied in 78 people aged 21–35 years with intact dentition and physiological occlusion, of which 33 people (group 1) had clinically healthy periodontium and the absence of occlusal disorders (group 1), with generalized chronic pulmonary periodontitis degree and premature occlusal contacts – 45 people (group 2). The microcirculation index (M), standard deviation (σ), and coefficient of variation (КV) were assessed. To obtain objective diagnostic data, amplitude-frequency analysis of the harmonic rhythms of LDF-grams was used with spectral decomposition into harmonic components of physiological oscillations of tissue blood flow (wavelet analysis).Results. In patients of group 2, in comparison with patients of group 1, a decrease in the level of periodontal blood perfusion, a reduction in the fluctuation of erythro-cyte flow and vasomotor activity of microvessels is determined, while a decrease in “active” and an increase in «passive» modulation of tissue blood flow contributes to an increase in the volume of circulating blood at arteriovenular anastomoses when the intensity of blood flow through the vessels of the capillary bed decreases.Conclusions. Patients of group 1 were diagnosed with a normoemic type of LDF-gram, which provides a relatively high degree of intensity of tissue blood flow, balance of regulatory mechanisms, and optimal trophism of periodontal tissues. In patients of group 2 with a spastic type of LDF-gram, characterized by a reduced level of perfusion, flux, vasomotor activity of microvessels, indicators of tissue blood flow and trophic function are significantly reduced.
Post-radiation lesions of the salivary glands after radioiodine therapy: features of the clinical course
Authors: Dubrovina E. I. , Gaiduk I. V. , Mkrtumyan A. M. , Panin A. M. , Fakhrislamova L. R. 
Published: March 2024

To date, thyroid diseases are one of the most common pathologies of the endocrine system and are an urgent medical and social problem. In order to treat and diagnose differentiated thyroid cancer, thyrotoxic goiter, and diffuse toxic goiter, radioiodine therapy is used in combination with other methods (surgery, hormone therapy). Lesions of the salivary glands that occur after radiotherapy are associated with the ability of large salivary glands to concentrate iodine in ductal cells. The accumulation of radioactive iodine I131 has an adverse radiation effect on the salivary glands, which leads to damage to the tissues of the glands of varying degrees of intensity.Background. Despite the large number of publications devoted to this problem, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of radioiodosialadenitis remain incomplete and often contradictory. In this regard, the study of this topic does not lose its relevance.Materials and methods. As a result of the examination of 45 patients after radiooderpia, with a clinical-radiological examination, a group of patients (n = 12), with a lack of a secret during visual examination and contrast of one or more salivary glands, is probably associated with irreversible changes in the salivary glands, was identified and described in this article.Results. Different combinations of damage to one or more salivary glands have been identified, reducing the level of quality of life of patients in this group of patients. When examining the salivary glands and conducting differential diagnostics, various combinations of examination methods must be used.Conclusions. The side effect of the effects of radioid therapy on the salivary glands is characterized by a wide spectrum of the involvement of the salivary glands up to a decrease in the functional activity and atrophy of the salivary glands, however, adverse consequences are not always dose-dependent. The results of the methods obtained do not exclude, but complement each other, which allows you to fully evaluate structural and functional changes in salivary glands. The negative effects of radionuclide therapy on the salivary glands affects the quality of life of patients.
Identification of testis development-related genes by combining Iso-Seq and RNA-Seq in Zeugodacus tau
Authors: Liu Peipei , Li Ziniu , Zhang Qiuyuan , Qiao Jiao , Zheng Chenjun , Zheng Wenping , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:Zeugodacus tau (Walker) is an invasive pest. An effective method to control this pest is the sterile insect technique (SIT). To better apply this technique, it is necessary to understand testis development progression.Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during testis development were analyzed by PacBio Iso-Seq and RNA-seq.Results: RNA-Seq library of Z. tau testes on day 1, 6, and 11 post eclosion were constructed. We identified 755 and 865 differentially expressed genes in the comparisons of T6 (testes on day 6) vs. T1 and T11 vs. T1, respectively. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in retinol metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathways. Knockdown of retinol dehydrogenase 12-like (rdh12-like), pyridoxal kinase (pdxk) and regucalcin (rgn), the representative gene in each of the above 3 pathways, reduced the hatching rate of Z. tau offspring. In addition, we identified 107 Drosophila spermatogenesis-related orthologous genes in Z. tau, of which innexin 2 (inx2) exhibited significantly up-regulated expression throughout testis development, and the knockdown of this gene reduced offspring hatching rate. Discussion: Our data indicated that rdh12-like, pdxk, rgn, and inx2 genes were related to testis development, and they were conserved in tephritid species. These results suggested that this gene might have the same function in tephritid. The findings provide an insight into testis development and spermatogenesis in tephritid species.
Spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial keratitis: a retrospective analysis of eight years in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Southwest China
Authors: Guo Rui-Qin , Yang Ji , Yang Ya-Bin , Chen Ya-Nan , Xiao Yu-Yuan , Xiang Ping , Dong Meng-Jie , He Min-Fang , Wang Yin-Ting , Xiao Yun-Ling , Ke Hong-Qin , Liu Hai 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, distribution of isolates, prevailing patterns, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a Tertiary Referral Hospital located in Southwest China.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 660 cases of bacterial keratitis occurring between January 2015 and December 2022. The demographic data, predisposing factors, microbial findings, and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were examined.ResultsCorneal trauma emerged as the most prevalent predisposing factor, accounting for 37.1% of cases. Among these cases, bacterial culture results were positive in 318 cases, 68 species of bacteria were identified. The most common Gram-Positive bacteria isolated overall was the staphylococcus epidermis and the most common Gram-Negative bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci accounted for 18.1% of all Gram-Positive bacteria. The detection rate of P. aeruginosa showed an increasing trend over time (Rs=0.738, P=0.037). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of Gram-Negative microorganisms over time (Rs=0.743, P=0.035). The sensitivity of Gram-Positive bacteria to linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and rifampicin was over 98%. The sensitivity rates of Gram-Negative bacteria to amikacin, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, ceftazidime, and cefepime were all above 85%. In patients with a history of vegetative trauma, the possibility of BK should be taken into account in addition to the focus on fungal keratitis.ConclusionThe microbial composition primarily consists of Gram-Positive cocci and Gram-Negative bacilli. Among the Gram-Positive bacteria, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most frequently encountered, while P. aeruginosa is the predominant Gram-Negative bacteria. To combat Gram-Positive bacteria, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin are considered excellent antimicrobial agents. When targeting Gram-Negative pathogens, third-generation cephalosporins exhibit superior sensitivity compared to first and second-generation counterparts. As an initial empirical treatment for severe cases of bacterial keratitis and those unresponsive to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in community settings, the combination therapy of vancomycin and tobramycin is a justifiable approach. Bacterial keratitis can be better managed by understanding the local etiology and antibacterial drug susceptibility patterns.