bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and clinical investigations of the use of carbon fiber sutures in equine tendon repair
Authors: Brown Murray P. , Pool Roy R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Braided carbon fiber sutures were used to repair surgically transected or lacerated digital flexor tendons of 20 mature horses (10 experimental and 10 clinical cases). In addition, 4 experimental horses had tenectomies that were not surgically repaired; these served as controls for the horses with carbon-implanted tendons. Six of the 10 clinically affected horses were returned to their intended use; 2 were euthanatized because of complications and 2 were still recuperating. The experimental horses were euthanatized at 12 days and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 months. Tendon scars were structurally and functionally similar in all of these horses. The main histologic difference between the controls and principals was the more extensive remodeling in the latter group at 8 months.
Babesiosis in the Greyhound
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Malone John B. , Mac-Williams Peter , Levy Michael G. , Qualls Charles W. , Prudich Mary Jane 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Babesiosis was diagnosed in five 11- to 18-day old Greyhound pups. In 3 pups, Babesia canis organisms were identified by examination of a Wright's-Giemsa-stained smear of blood. In 2 pups, the diagnosis was established by examination of a splenic impression smear obtained at necropsy. Findings in the 3 clinical cases included depression, weakness, anorexia, pallor, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Subcutaneous administration of diminazene aceturate resulted in rapid clinical recovery in these cases. In the 2 pups that were necropsied, variable numbers of erythrocytes containing Babesia organisms were observed in the microvasculature of tissues. Subinoculation of blood into an intact dog and a splenectomized dog resulted in parasitemia and B canis serum titers, as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody testing. A site visit to the kennel from which the pups had originated led to identification of numerous Rhipicephalus sanguineus in small buildings and pens. Of 107 dogs from this kennel that were tested, 63 had an indirect fluorescent antibody titer for B canis. A limited serologic survey of Greyhound kennels in West Virginia, Oklahoma, Texas, Mississippi, and Florida identified a large number of dogs with indirect fluorescent antibody titers for B canis.
Clinical results of lateral ear resection in dogs
Authors: Gregory C. R. , Vasseur P. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-six dogs had lateral ear resection performed for the treatment of chronic otitis externa. After a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years, 17 of the 26 dogs were available for physical examination. The remaining 9 dogs died prior to this review; their owners were surveyed by questionnaire.
In the examined group, the resolution of clinical signs was good in 41% of the dogs, improved in 12%, and poor in 47%. A good result was defined as the elimination of clinical signs, with minimal or no care required from the owner. An improved status was assigned to dogs that experienced occasional recurrence of signs requiring professional attention. A poor result was defined as no improvement.
Evaluation of mebendazole used concurrently with piperazine monohydrochloride in horses
Authors: DiPietro J. A. , Paul A. , Todd K. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty horses from a herd known to have benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles were treated with mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg) or combinations of mebendazole and piperazine monohydrochloride (25, 40, or 55 mg of piperazine base/kg). Pretreatment and 7-day posttreatment fecal examinations were done. Fecal cultures and strongyle egg per gram (epg) counts, and in vitro testing for benzimidazole resistance were performed. Results of fecal examinations prior to treatment were similar in all horses, and results of testing were positive for benzimidazole resistance. Horses treated with mebendazole and piperazine at all dosages had much lower geometric mean strongyle epg counts (2 to 4) and greater percentage reduction in geometric mean strongyle epg counts (99.7 to 99.9) at 7 days after treatment, compared with those measurements for horses treated with mebendazole alone. Adverse reactions to treatment were not observed.
Clinicopathologic features of brain herniation in animals
Authors: Kornegay Joe N. , Oliver John E. , Gorgacz Edward J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Caudal transtentorial, foramen magnum, rostral transtentorial, and cingulate gyrus herniation were diagnosed alone or in combination in 14 dogs, 7 cats, 1 horse, and 1 goat. Eleven of the affected animals had encephalitis; others had various diseases, including brain neoplasms, cranial trauma, and hydrocephalus. Herniation followed anesthesia or csf aspiration, or both, in 7 of the animals.
Clinical signs were attributable to herniation in 13 cases. Animals with caudal transtentorial herniation had initial clinical evidence of midbrain compression followed occasionally by deficits related to the pons and medulla oblongata. Tetraplegia, apnea, and coma developed most often in animals with foramen magnum herniation. Clinical signs directly related to rostral transtentorial or cingulate gyrus herniation did not develop.
Treatment with corticosteroids and osmotic diuretics occasionally resulted in temporary alleviation of clinical signs in animals with caudal transtentorial or foramen magnum herniation. However, neurologic dysfunction progressed and resulted in death or necessitated euthanasia within 12 hours in most cases. Animals with rostral transtentorial or cingulate gyrus herniation were not treated.
At necropsy, animals with caudal transtentorial herniation of the temporal cortex had resultant compression and caudal displacement of the midbrain. Foramen magnum herniation of the cerebellum resulted in compression of the displaced cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Flattening of the rostral cerebellar vermis against the tentorium cerebelli occurred in animals with rostral transtentorial herniation. Compression of the opposite cingulate gyrus was the only consistent pathologic feature in cases of cingulate gyrus herniation.
Radiographic and clinical features of pelvic bladder in the dog
Authors: Adams W. M. , DiBartola S. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Contrast radiography enabled identification of 17 dogs with pelvic location of the caudal portion of the urinary bladder. The caudal pole of each bladder consistently was more blunted than expected. The range of craniocaudal dimension within the pelvic canal was 6% to 26% of the distended bladder. Ten dogs were females with urinary incontinence. Seven dogs did not have incontinence; 4 were males and 3 were intact females. Six dogs had associated anatomic abnormalities: urachal diverticulum (3), bladder adhesions (1), rectovaginal fistula (1), and inverted vulva (1). Eleven dogs had urinary tract infection. In addition, urinary incontinence and pelvic bladder without urinary tract infection or other anatomic abnormalities was identified in 4 large-breed spayed females. These dogs responded poorly to diethylstilbestrol therapy. Three of the 4 subsequently were treated with ephedrine, and all had their incontinence effectively controlled by its continued use. Four of the 10 incontinent dogs in this series were Doberman Pinschers, suggesting breed predisposition. These data indicated an association between pelvic bladder and urinary incontinence in the spayed female dog, but also indicated that pelvic bladder can be found in both sexes and that it is associated with urologic abnormalities other than incontinence.
Cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis in cats
Authors: White Stephen D. , Ihrke Peter J. , Stannard Anthony A. , Cadmus Cal , Griffin Craig , Kruth Stephen A. , Rosser Edmond J. , Reinke Susan I. , Jang Spencer 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cutaneous infection with atypical mycobacteria was observed in 6 cats. All cats had cutaneous or subcutaneous masses, with or without fistulous tracts. Diagnosis was determined by microbial culture. Transmission studies were done in 1 case. Treatment, which included antibiotics or surgery, or both, was usually unsuccessful, but remission without treatment did occur. In 3 cats available for long-term evaluation, there has been no recurrence of disease.
Complications associated with immunotherapy of equine phycomycosis
Authors: Miller Richard I. , Wold Dianne , Lindsay William A. , Beadle Ralph E. , McClure Jill J. , McClure J. Raymond , McCoy David J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five horses with pythiosis of the limbs were treated unsuccessfully by surgery or topical application of amphotericin B, or both. Follow-up immunotherapy resulted in 1 horse responding favorably. Three horses were cured of the fungal infection but developed osteitis or deep-seated laminitis, which necessitated their destruction. The remaining horse, which had severe anemia, died before the course of vaccination was completed.
Fractures of the central and third tarsal bones in horses
Authors: Tulamo R. M. , Bramlage L. R. , Gabel A. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The case histories and follow-up data for 11 horses with slab fractures of the central or 3rd tarsal bones were examined for information pertaining to the diagnosis, which was difficult to identify, treatment, which was proven ineffective, and the prognosis, which was shown to be poor for return to racing. The purpose of the study was to define the results that could be obtained by nonoperative methods, in an attempt to determine whether surgical treatment was advisable. Nine of the horses were Standardbreds and 2 were Thoroughbreds; all horses were 2 to 4 years old and were being exercised at race speed when the injury occurred. The diagnosis usually was made at the referral examination, some time after injury. Distention of the tibiotarsal joint usually developed following fracture of the central tarsal bone. In some fractures, local anesthetic injection or multiple radiographic views were required for diagnosis. Not all fracture planes were demonstrable radiographically. Prolonged rest was ineffective in restoring athletic soundness. Lag screw fixation was used in 1 horse, the only horse in the series that raced successfully after injury.
Peripheral vestibular syndrome in the dog: A review of 83 cases
Authors: Schunk Kenneth L. , Averill Damon R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical data and follow-up evaluations of 83 cases of peripheral vestibular syndrome in the dog were reviewed. The absence of physical abnormalities of the tympanic membrane and absence of radiographic changes within the tympanic bulla or petrous temporal bone were the criteria used to make the diagnosis of idiopathic benign vestibular disease. When grouped according to the cause of the syndrome, most of the dogs had been diagnosed as having either otitis media/interna (49%) or idiopathic benign vestibular disease (39%). Clinical evidence suggested that most of the cases of otitis media/interna were secondary to otitis externa.
Effects and use of a modified live Anaplasma marginale vaccine in beef heifers in California
Authors: Henry E. T. , Norman B. B. , Fly D. E. , Wichmann R. W. , York S. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighty-one 11-month-old, nonpregnant, Anaplasma marginale-seronegative beef heifers were allotted to 2 groups for evaluation of a modified live A marginale vaccine (n = 50 for vaccinated group and n = 31 for nonvaccinated group). The vaccine induced a mild form of anaplasmosis, as evidenced by a significant (P<0.0l) decrease in the packed cell volume (pcv) between days 31 and 46 after vaccination. The lowest pcv was 11%, and 3 heifers had a pcv <20%. Slight lethargy was evident in some of the vaccinated heifers between days 30 and 45 after vaccination. All vaccinated heifers became seropositive to A marginale, as measured by the complement fixation test and the card test on days 35 and 42 after vaccination, respectively. All nonvaccinated heifers remained seronegative.
An economic evaluation of metabolic and cellular profile testing in calves to be raised in a feedlot
Authors: Carpenter T. E. , Norman B. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The economic value of the metabolic and cellular profile test as a predictor of feedlot calves’ performance was determined. The economic technique used in this evaluation was decision tree analysis. Results showed that in a case study evaluation such as this one, the metabolic and cellular profile test would not be recommended. Further, under the assumptions used, even if the test were perfected, the cost of the test should not exceed $2.79. The application of decision tree analysis demonstrated how questions concerning the economics of animal health issues may be formulated and solved.
Malignant hyperthermia-like reactions in three anesthetized horses
Authors: Manley Susan V. , Kelly Andrew B. , Hodgson David 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Problems encountered during halothane anesthesia in 3 horses included increasing rectal temperature, muscle rigidity or movement during anesthesia, irregular breathing patterns, and difficulty in stabilizing blood pressure. One horse had prolonged muscle fasciculations and failure to relax after administration of succinylcholine in addition to halothane. That horse developed severe, bilateral myositis of the triceps, lumbar, and gluteal muscles. Problems encountered were similar to those caused by the disease known as malignant hyperthermia.
Distinguishing dogs with functioning adrenocortical tumors from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Feldman Edward C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-seven dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were studied. In each dog the histologic diagnosis was an adrenocortical tumor or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The plasma concentration of endogenous ACTH was determined at least once in each dog. Dogs with an ACTH concentration <20 pg/ml ultimately were shown to have an adrenocortical adenoma or carcinoma. All dogs with an ACTH concentration >40 pg/ml ultimately were shown to have pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Retrospectively, ACTH concentrations were correct in localizing the disorder in 54 of 57 dogs. Three dogs had endogenous ACTH concentrations of 20 to 40 pg/ml, which were considered nondiagnostic.
Three dexamethasone suppression testing protocols were reviewed. Thirteen dogs were given 0.1 mg of dexamethasone/kg of body weight, iv. Plasma cortisol concentrations were obtained before and 8 hours after injection. Complete suppression was described as a cortisol value <50% of base line after dexamethasone administration. Three dogs with adrenocortical tumors did not have complete suppression, whereas 9 of 10 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism did have complete suppression. Two additional dexamethasone suppression protocols were found to be less reliable. Administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone/kg of body weight, iv, with comparison of base-line and 8-hour plasma cortisol values, was diagnostic in 6 of 9 dogs. Administration of 0.2 mg of dexamethasone/kg of body weight, im, tid, with comparison of the plasma cortisol concentration before starting the test and 8 hours after the final dose was given, was diagnostic in 11 of 14 dogs.
Immune-mediated vasculitis in five dogs
Authors: Randell Martin G. , Hurvitz Arthur I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Vasculitis was diagnosed in 5 dogs. Clinical signs varied, but all 5 dogs had signs of systemic illness. Inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of small blood vessels were consistent findings. The skin and mucous membranes were the main tissues involved in 3 dogs; polyarthropathy and myopathy were diagnosed in 1 dog and myopathy in 1 dog. Good response to corticosteroid therapy was achieved in 3 dogs; in 2 dogs, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide was necessary and the dogs responded well.
Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit in dogs
Authors: Hsu Walter H. , McNeel Sandra V. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effect of xylazine on the transit of barium sulfate through the stomach and duodenum was evaluated in 4 dogs. Base-line transit time was determined while the dogs were nonsedated and undisturbed; the mean time for barium sulfate to move from the stomach to the duodenojejunal junction was 4.8 ± 1.2 minutes. An iv injection of xylazine (1 mg/kg) prolonged the mean transit time to 157 ± 37.8 minutes. During the xylazine-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit, there were no vigorous contractions for at least 90 minutes. Yohimbine, an α2-adrenergic-blocking agent, given iv at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg, did not affect gastrointestinal motility. It did, however, prevent both the gastrointestinal and sedative effects of xylazine. Atropine methylnitrate given iv at a dosage of 1 mg/kg prolonged the transit time to 13.8 ± 2.4 minutes. After atropine methylnitrate injection, the gastrointestinal tract was more flaccid than with xylazine administration. The prolongation of transit induced by atropine methylnitrate was not prevented by yohimbine. It was concluded that gastrointestinal radiographic findings in animals under the influence of xylazine should be interpreted cautiously.
Thymoma in the dog: Two case reports and review of 20 additional cases
Authors: Bellah J. R. , Stiff M. E. , Russell R. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A 7-year-old German Shepherd Dog had a large cranial mediastinal mass that had resulted in chronic weight loss. A diagnosis of benign thymoma was made by transthoracic needle biopsy. The thymoma was removed surgically and the dog recovered without complications. At 4 months after surgery, the dog's activity was improved and it had gained weight.
A 12-year-old mixed-breed dog was admitted for evaluation of dependent edema of the neck. Thoracic radiography revealed pleural effusion and lesions in the right lung and left scapula. Neoplastic epithelial cells were found in a needle aspiration specimen from the scapular lesion. The dog was euthanatized and necropsied. The primary tumor, a malignant thymoma, filled the cranial mediastinum and had invaded the cranial vena cava. Metastasis was confirmed in the right lung, liver, and left scapula.
Eight cases of thymoma in the dog were retrieved from the Veterinary Medical Data Program. In 5 of the cases, the tumor was benign. The 3 dogs with malignant thymoma developed cranial vena caval syndrome, and they were euthanatized or died. Four of the dogs with benign thymoma were euthanatized for reasons unrelated to the tumor. One dog with benign thymoma was free of tumor when examined 5 years after surgical removal of the tumor.
Bone changes in hypercalcemia of malignancy in dogs
Authors: Norrdin Robert W. , Powers Barbara E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bone was collected for trabecular bone morphometry from 6 dogs with hypercalcemia of malignancy. Five of the dogs had lymphosarcoma and 1 had an anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma with vertebral metastases. Parathyroid gland weights varied around normal, with those for 1 dog being slightly low and those for another dog being moderately increased. As a group, the dogs had decreased bone volume, with increased resorption surfaces and increased numbers of osteoclasts. In 4 dogs, osteoid seams and osteoblasts were limited in extent and this distinguished them from dogs with hyperparathyroidism. Although most dogs had received corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment, the bone changes in these dogs were similar to 1 dog that had not received treatment. Also, the changes could not be related to uremia or renal mineralization that had developed in 2 of the dogs. Two of the dogs had somewhat greater amounts of osteoid-covered surface and slightly widened osteoid seams, ie, findings more like those of hyperparathyroidism. One of these dogs had anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma and the other had lymphosarcoma in which there was invasion of the bone cortex at the sampling site. It was concluded that bone remodeling changes do occur in hypercalcemia of malignancy and that these changes are varied and often are not those of hyperparathyroidism.
Bleeding abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cattle
Authors: Palmer Jonathan E. , Whitlock Robert H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Case records of abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cattle admitted to the University of Pennsylvania during a 12-year period were reviewed. The only records retrieved were those for cases in which the clinical signs were directly associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Of 6,385 adult cows admitted during the study period, 69 had clinical ulceration. Twenty-four were bleeding ulcers: 12 nontumor-asso-ciated bleeding ulcers and 12 lymphosarcoma-associated bleeding ulcers. Nontumor-associated bleeding ulcers were commonly found in young cows (7 cows ≤4 years old) that often had concurrent postparturient disease conditions. Lymphosarcoma-associated bleeding ulcers were found more commonly in older cows (10 cows ≥6 years old) during all stages of lactation, often without concurrent diseases (8 cows).
Effect of Anabolic Steroids on Reproductive Function of Young Mares
Authors: Maher J. Μ. , Squires E. L. , Voss J. L. , Shideler R. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of anabolic steroids on reproductive functions was studied in 48 yearling mares. Mares were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and received either: (1) the manufacturer's recommended dosage of 1.1 mg of boldenone undecylenate/kg of body weight (bu); (2) 4.4 mg of boldenone undecylenate/kg (4BU); (3) 1.1 mg of nandrolone decanoate/kg (nd); (4) 0.04 ml of sesame oil/kg (c). Injections were given once every 3 weeks for 54 weeks, beginning Dec 9, 1980.
None of the mares receiving anabolic steroids displayed normal estrous behavior, whereas mares in the control group had normal estrous cycles. All mares in the c and bu groups ovulated, but only 2 mares in the 4BU group ovulated and mares in the nd group were anovulatory. Mares in all anabolic steroid-treatment groups had fewer (P<0.05) ovulations and estrous cycles/mare than did control mares. Anabolic steroids decreased (P<0.05) ovarian size and number of large follicles and tended to depress the number of small- and medium-size follicles. Mares in the 4BU and nd groups were most severely affected. The ovarian size (volume) of mares in all anabolic steroid treatment groups was decreased (P<0.05). The decrease was more severe in mares in the 4BU and nd groups. There was a decrease (P<0.05) in the number of large follicles from January to May in mares in all anabolic steroid-treatment groups. During the physiologic breeding season (beginning May 1), there was no difference in the number of large ovarian follicles between mares receiving bu and controls. However, the number of large follicles continued to be depressed (P<0.05) in mares in the 4BU and nd groups. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone were depressed (P<0.05) diưing the luteal phase of the cycle, whereas concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone were depressed 1 day before ovulation and during the luteal phase in mares in the bu group, compared with controls. Concentrations of progesterone in mares in the bu group were lower (P<0.05) 7 to 10 days prior to ovulation. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone were lower (P<0.05) for mares in the 4BU and nd groups than for control mares.
Administration of anabolic steroids caused abnormal sexual behavior in all anabolic steroid-treated mares. Abnormal behavior was characterized by mounting other mares and aggressiveness toward other horses. None of the control mares was observed mounting or exhibiting male aggressiveness.
Clitoral hypertrophy developed in all mares treated with anabolic steroids. The degree of clitoral development was dose- and drug-dependent (P<0.05). Anabolic steroid treatment had no effect on weight gain or on height at withers.