bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Suicide Risk Using Facial Action Units : A Machine Learning Approach to Objective and Large-Scale Screening
Authors: Li Huihuang , Yang Yuqing , Zhong Huiqun , Zhao Jiubo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Suicide is a global concern, and adolescents currently have the highest suicide risk because they are more prone to extreme behaviors such as suicide and self-injury due to their emotions and coping styles. Research suggests that suicide can be predicted, and therefore, early detection of suicide risk is crucial for suicide prevention and treatment.
Methods:
This study collected data from 98 participants using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) paradigm. Videos were recorded during the normal and stressful phases
Results:
In the normal state, the most efficient features for identification were action unit (AU) 17, AU20, and AU23; in the stress state, the features AU2 and AU5 were added. In the combined model integrating both subjective and objective measures, the accuracy increased to 83.1%, which was the best performance in this study.
Conclusions:
This study enriches the empirical evidence that AU features can be used to identify suicide risk, provides a way to formulate and implement policies related to suicide prevention.
Spinocerebellar ataxias: phenotypic spectrum of polyQ versus non-repeat expansion forms
Authors: Moura João , Oliveira Jorge , Santos Mariana , Costa Sara , Silva Lénia , Lemos Carolina , Barros José , Sequeiros Jorge , Damásio Joana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are most frequently due to (CAG)n (coding for polyglutamine, polyQ) expansions and, less so, to expansion of other oligonucleotide repeats (non-polyQ) or other type of variants (non-repeat expansion SCA). In this study we compared polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA, in a cohort of patients with hereditary ataxia followed at a tertiary hospital. From a prospective study, 88 patients (51 families) with SCA were selected, 74 (40 families) of whom genetically diagnosed.
Thirty-eight patients (51.4%, 19 families) were confirmed as having a polyQ (no other repeat-expansions were identified) and 36 (48.6%, 21 families) a non-repeat expansion SCA. Median age-at-onset was 39.5 [30.0-45.5] for polyQ and 7.0 years [1.00-21.50] for non-repeat expansion SCA. PolyQ SCA were associated with cerebellar onset, and non-repeat expansion forms with non-cerebellar onset. Time to diagnosis was longer for non-repeat expansion SCA. The most common polyQ SCA were Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) (73.7%) and SCA2 (15.8%); whereas in non-repeat expansion SCA ATX-CACNA1A (14.3%), ATP1A3-related ataxia, ATX-ITPR1, ATX/HSP-KCNA2, and ATX-PRKCG (9.5% each) predominated. Disease duration (up to inclusion) was significantly higher in non-repeat expansion SCA, but the difference in SARA score was not statistically significant. Cerebellar peduncles and pons atrophy were more common in polyQ ataxias, as was axonal neuropathy.
SCA had a wide range of genetic etiology, age-at-onset and presentation. Proportion of polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA was similar; the latter had a higher genetic heterogeneity. While polyQ ataxias were typically linked to cerebellar onset in adulthood, non-repeat expansion forms associated with early onset and non-cerebellar presentations.
Infertility and Lifestyle Among Finnish Men and Women
Authors: Vilanti Titta , Klemetti Reija , Eetu Ervasti , Koponen Päivikki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The aim of this population-based study is to examine lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption) and body mass index (BMI) among fertile and infertile Finnish women and men.
Methods: Infertility was defined based on reporting having ever tried to become pregnant or to get a child unsuccessfully over a year. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of smoking, alcohol consumption and BMI with infertility when adjusted first for age and then additionally for marital status, education and employment status. Men (n=201) and women (n=267) who had ever experienced infertility were compared to those with no experience of infertility (n=1677 men and n=1257 women) and further separately for those who had despite the infertility experience received a child or not.
Results: No significant differences between smoking or BMI were found in men by the infertility experience, compared to childless infertile and infertile men with a child. However, men with infertility experience had higher total alcohol consumption (g/year) than fertile men (p=0.005). The odds ratio for total consumption of alcohol at an average or high level was 2.49 (95 % CI 1.39-4.45) in the age adjusted model and 2.01 (CI 1.11-3.67) in the fully adjusted model for males who had experienced infertility by using the fertile men as a reference group.
No differences in smoking, alcohol consumption or BMI were found between women with or without infertility experience.
Conclusions: The results indicate that in fertility counselling and care given by midwifes and health care professionals, attention should be paid to men’s lifestyle, especially to alcohol consumption. The small numbers of those having experienced infertility limited analyses in this study.
Enhanced Breast Cancer Therapy Using Multifunctional Lipid- Coated Nanoparticles Combining Curcumin Chemotherapy and Nitric Oxide Gas Delivery
Authors: Yan Zhirong , Xiao Peihan , Ji Peng , Su Rongjian , Ren Zhenkun , Xu Li , Qiu Xun , Li Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The limitations of conventional treatment modalities for cancer, particularly breast cancer, have promoted the need to develop safer drug delivery systems (DDS). Chemotherapy combined with gas therapy has emerged as an attractive cancer treatment strategy. In this study, curcumin (Cur) loaded amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Cur-CaCO3) were prepared by gas diffusion reaction. A "one-step" ethanol injection method was then used to prepare lipid-coated calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Cur-CaCO3@LA-Lip) loaded with L-arginine (LA) to achieve a combination of chemotherapy and NO to enhance the antitumor effect. The prepared Cur-CaCO3@LA-Lip was characterized and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TEM observed that the Cur-CaCO3@LA-Lip nanoparticles were subspherical and had a distinct lipid layer covering the periphery. FTIR, XRD, and DSC indicated the successful synthesis of Cur-CaCO3@LA-Lip. Cur-CaCO3@LA-Lip exhibited a large drug loading capacity of 8.89% and 3.1% for Cur and LA, respectively, effectively preventing drug leakage. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo, Cur-CaCO3@LA-Lip nanoparticles exhibited Cur sustained-release, high cellular uptake, high tumor accumulation, good biocompatibility, robust cytotoxicity, and antitumor efficacy.
The effectiveness of immediate weight bearing as tolerated versus delayed weight bearing following intramedullary fixation for geriatric intertrochanteric fractures: a post-hoc analysis
Authors: Li Ning , Cheng Kai-Yuan , Zhang Jing , Liu Gang , Zhou Li , Zhu Shi-Wen , Yang Ming-Hui , Wu Xin-Bao , Jiang Xie-Yuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Early weight bearing is an essential variable for fracture healing after osteosynthesis for Intertrochanteric fractures (ITF), which may impact morbidity and mortality. The optimal period to start weight bearing after surgery is still under debate, despite the recommendation of guidelines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of both a delayed and an immediate weight-bearing regimen following intramedullary fixation for elderly ITF.
Methods
This study is a post-hoc analysis of the multicenter prospective non-randomized controlled study (NCT03184896) listed on Clinicaltrials.gov. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 65 years with X-ray confirmed ITF, admitted within 21 days after injury and received intramedullary fixation surgery. Patients would be excluded if they were diagnosed with pathologic fractures, unable to comply with the rehabilitation program due to physical or psychological problems or received conservative treatment or other types of surgery. Patients bearing weight as tolerated during hospitalization were identified as the immediate weight bearing (IWB) group and patients bearing weight after discharge were identified as the delayed weight bearing (DWB) group in this study. The primary outcome was EQ5D score of patients at 120 days post-surgery. Secondary outcomes include EQ5D score of patients at 30 days and 365 days post-surgery, complication rate and mortality.
Results
410 eligible patients enrolled (190 patients with IWB and 220 patients with DWB). Compared to the DWB group, the IWB group had a higher EQ5D score at 30 days and 120 days after surgery (30d, P < 0.001; 120d, P = 0.002). The DWB group had a higher EQ5D score at 365 days after surgery (P = 0.012) than the IWB group. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of any complication, reoperation rate, or cumulative complication rate between the two groups. The one-year mortality was 5.79% in the IWB group and 4.55% in the DWB group (P = 0.542).
Conclusions
Immediate weight bearing as tolerated following intramedullary fixation for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients improves functional outcomes in the early stage (within 120 days after surgery) without increasing the incidence of complications, reoperation, or mortality compared with delayed weight bearing.
Intrinsically Stretchable OLEDs with a Designed Morphology-Sustainable Layer and Stretchable Metal Cathode
Authors: Park Jin-Woo , Oh Je-Heon , Jeon Kun-Hoo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Recently, the growing desire to conformally integrate electronics with the human body in the form of wearable devices has spurred the need for additional form factors, skin-like softness, and stretchability of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Traditional intrinsically stretchable OLED (is-OLED) approaches have focused on improving the luminance and stretchability through methods such as blending materials to endow the component layers with stretchability and complex lamination processes. However, the designed microstructure of the blended layer cannot be maintained due to the different orthogonality between the solvents of subsequently coated layers. In addition, the lamination method often leads to degradation of the performance due to delamination induced by formed defects. To overcome these challenges, we developed a sequentially coated is-OLED and confirmed the maintenance of the designed morphologies of each layer and a highly stretchable metallic is-cathode. Our is-OLEDs achieved a maximum total luminance of 3,151 cd m-2 and a total current efficiency of 5.4 cd A-1 (on both the anode and cathode sides). Furthermore, our is-OLEDs exhibited a higher static stretchability of up to 70% than previous work and a notable cyclic stretchability, maintaining 80% of the luminance at 0% strain after 300 stretching cycles under 40% strain. This breakthrough in the fabrication process, coupled with the use of novel stretchable materials, represents a significant step forward in the field of is-OLED technology, potentially leading to a new era of highly durable and efficient soft electronic devices.
Lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased all-cause mortality in the United States
Authors: Wu Yutong , Wang Lili , Yi Jiayi , Ren Xiangpeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

It remains unclear whether lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients had worse outcomes. This study aims to investigate the long-term outcome of NAFLD in comparison to overweight and obese NAFLD using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. A total of 11860 participants (mean age, 43.4 years; 6498 [54.8%] women) were analyzed. NAFLD was assessed by hepatic ultrasonography and stratified into lean (body mass index, [BMI] < 25), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 30) subgroups. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations of NAFLD subgroups with risks of mortality. Lean NAFLD patients showed younger age and a lower prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. During a median follow-up period of 276 months, 3484 (29.4%) all-cause mortality occurred. All NAFLD subgroups were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk compared with healthy controls. However, only lean NAFLD was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03–1.47) after the adjustment of confounders. This national-wide cohort study showed that lean NAFLD was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality. A more granular assessment was needed to further characterize the phenotypes of the lean NAFLD population.
Anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin supplementation in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Emphasis on the role of inflammation-related microRNAs, lysophosphatidylcholine, and α-hydroxybutyrate in diabetic complications
Authors: Sharifi-Rigi Ali , Zal Fatemeh , Aarabi Mohammad-Hossein , Dehghani Mehdi , Rad Nikoo Roustaei , Taghiyar Sana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Astaxanthin is a carotenoid compound that has several beneficial qualities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-diabetic effects. This study examined the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on inflammation-related microRNAs, lysophosphatidylcholine, and α-hydroxybutyrate in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Fifty people with type 2 diabetes volunteered in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either 10 mg of astaxanthin (n = 25) or a placebo (n = 25) for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, we determined the inflammation-related microRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as the serum levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and α-hydroxybutyrate.
Results: After 12 weeks of supplementation, compared with the placebo, astaxanthin supplementation led to a remarkable reduction (p < 0.05) in hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-34a, and hsa-miR-155 expression. In addition, astaxanthin supplementation substantially decreased (p < 0.05) the levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and α-hydroxybutyrate compared with the placebo. Furthermore, compared to the placebo, astaxanthin supplementation substantially reduced serum plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels.
Conclusion: Overall, the present research indicates that daily supplementation with 10 mg/day astaxanthin might be a beneficial approach for improving inflammation-related diabetic complications and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients.
Machine learning developed a macrophage signature for predicting prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy features in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yao , Mou Ya‐Kui , Liu Wan-Chen , Wang Han‐Rui , Song Xiao-Yu , Yang Ting , Ren Chao , Song Xi-cheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Macrophages played an important role in the progression and treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, there is a limited amount of research that has comprehensively elucidated the characteristics of macrophages associated genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify macrophage-related genes (MRGs) and classify patients with HNSCC into two distinct subtypes. A macrophage-related risk signature (MRS) model, comprising nine genes: IGF2BP2, PPP1R14C, SLC7A5, KRT9, RAC2, NTN4, CTLA4, APOC1, and CYP27A1, was formulated by integrating 101 machine learning algorithm combinations. We observed lower overall survival (OS) in the high-risk group and the high-risk group showed elevated expression levels in most of the differentially expressed immune checkpoint and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, suggesting a strong immune evasion capacity in these tumors. Correspondingly, TIDE score positively correlated with risk score, implying that high-risk tumors may resist immunotherapy more effectively. At the single-cell level, we noted macrophages in the TME predominantly stalled in the G2/M phase, potentially hindering epithelial-mesenchymal transition and playing a crucial role in the inhibition of tumor progression. Additionally, we validated MRS gene expression levels using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The current study constructed a novel MRS for HNSCC, which could serve as an indicator for predicting the prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy benefits for HNSCC patients.
Epidemiological, Clinical And Therapeutic Factors influencing Second Eye Cataract Surgery Among Patients Utilizing Outreach Surgical Facilities
Authors: Sebastian Stephanie , Nagarajan Swathi , R Rajalakshmi A. , Jha Kirti N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Visual improvement after cataract surgery in one eye diminishes the incentive for second-eye cataract surgery (SECS). This observational study aimed to determine if patients report for SECS with more advanced cataracts than for the first eye. Further, to explore the time gap between first-eye and SECS and factors influencing it. Adults requiring cataract surgery were included. Demographics, ocular and systemic conditions and peri-operative findings were compared between ‘First-eye cataract surgery’ and ‘SECS’ groups. Time elapsed since first-eye surgery and reasons thereof were analyzed in SECS group. Of 891 eyes operated, 376 (42.2%) were SECS. Frequency of advanced cataracts was comparable between the groups (p = 0.11), while ocular comorbidities was lower in SECS group (p < 0.05). Both groups encountered similar intra-operative (p = 0.72) and post-operative (p = 0.13) complications. Post-operative visual acuity was significantly better in SECS group (p = 0.007). Mean time interval between first-eye and SECS was 2.07 ± 1.8 years. A longer gap was associated with increased incidence of intra-operative complications (p = 0.04). Reasons for the time interval to SECS included “good vision in fellow eye”, “non-availability of caregiver” and “unsatisfactory outcomes with first-eye surgery”. Patients undergoing SECS did not have a higher incidence of advanced cataracts. Almost half the patients reported for SECS within 1 year. Experience of first-eye surgery influenced the decision to undergo SECS.
Risk factors for renal insufficiency after radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: A systematic review
Authors: Huang Zhigao , Liu Zhuo , Zhuo Lin , Ma Xin , Jiang Zhenbin , Chen Kewei , Chen Jiyuan , Li Yuxuan , Wang Guoliang , Tian Xiaojun , Zhang Hongxian , Hong Kai , Ma Lulin , Liu Lei , Zhang Shudong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is great burden over world. Radical nephrectomy (RN) with thrombectomy seems to be its gold standard operation, which might cause reduction of renal function. The aim of this systematic review was to provide evidence about the incidence, risk factors, possible reasons and influence of renal insufficiency in RCC patients undergoing RN with thrombectomy.
Methods: A systematic search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and European Urology databases was conducted. Study selection followed the PRISMA guidelines. After screening, eleven articles and abstracted fully compatible with the PICOS were included in this systematic review. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42024516596.
Results: Overall, a total of 1,668 patients who were diagnosed with RCC and VTT and underwent RN (open/laparoscopic/robotic) with thrombectomy were analyzed. The postoperative renal insufficiency was presen from 0.7% to 53.9%. Relevant risk factors of postoperative renal insufficiency could be summarized into three aspects: baseline characteristics (male gender, tumor thrombus level), intraoperative procedure (surgical method and inferior vena cava clamping time) and other factors (development of the times). The reason of renal insufficiency could be depletion of circulation volume, alteration in renal hemodynamics and condition of solitary kidney. Necessary managements like supplying blood volume, diuretic therapy and renal replacement therapy should be applied.
Conclusions: The present incidence of postoperative renal insufficiency was underestimated. More possible risk factors should be explored. Large cohort, multi-center, prospective, and well-designed studies would be necessary to corroborate these results and provided with high-grade recommendation for clinical practice.
Reporting on the Safety of Dementia Care for 2010-2021 in South Korea
Authors: Lee Jong hoon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This is the second report on the benefit or risk of treatment with anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drugs (AADs). As a tool for monitoring citizen health, we use information from the National Health Service (NHIS) for all citizens via an information retrieval engine to link International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and death tables of AADs with big data to create a standard comparison between AADs and deaths over 12 years. According to the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes, the correlation between the trend in the number of deaths and the number of deaths per 100,000 people was analyzed via the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) through the decision of the Open Data Mediation Committee of South Korea (case number: 2020-029) and information disclosure (20240110). The Dementia Management Act (DMA) in South Korea was enacted in 2012 and all dementia subjects are registered at Central Dementia Center. In completely blinded randomized states, we enrolled subjects from 2012 (the year of the Dementia Management Act) to 2018 (the year of the Dementia National Responsibility System was implemented). We observed a correlation between the AD and AAD groups from 2005 to 2019 on Sorok Island and from 2010 to 2021 on the NHIS of South Korea. This study investigated the increase and decrease in mortality in AD patients with AAD. We analyzed the mortality per 100,000 people with the R2. A simple linear equation was applied to trace the increase (+) or decrease (-) in deaths with the Friedman and Kolmogorov‒Smirnov tests for decisions on the listed, delisted, and sustainable drugs based on R2 > 0.75. Total deaths from AD caused by AAD decreased (R2, 0.993) from 2010 to 2021. From 2012 to 2018, the drugs listed to reduce deaths were fluoxetine (R2, 0.826), escitalopram (0.955) and galantamine (0.825) in South Korea. The delisted drugs used were donepezil (0.861), rivastigmine (0.754), risperidone (0.816), quetiapine (0.977), and haloperidol (0.973). The sustainable drugs used were memantine (0.108), olanzapine (0.124), fluvoxamine (0.001), oxcarbazepine (0.52), and trazodone (0.331). With the 12-year trend, galantamine, fluoxetine, could be therapeutics for AD, and sertraline and aripiprazole could be therapeutics; however, additional observation is needed. Deaths and AADs based on NHIS big data could be useful for safe dementia care.