bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LUTEINIZING HORMONE RESPONSE TO DOMPERIDONE IN HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC WOMEN WITH PITUITARY MICROADENOMAS
Authors: SEKI K. , KATO K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAdministration of a dopamine (DA) antagonist, domperidone, increased circulating levels of LH in hyprolactinaemic‐amenorrhoeic women with pituitary microadenomas but not in normal women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This drug does not readily cross the blood‐brain barrier and therefore the site of action of domperidone could be the pituitary gland or the median eminence. As the simultaneous administration of GnRH and domperidone did not increase the GnRH‐induced LH release in hyperprolacti‐naemic women, the site of action of domperidone is likely to be the median eminence.
SELECTIVE BILATERAL AND SIMULTANEOUS CATHETERIZATION OF THE INFERIOR PETROSAL SINUS: CRF STIMULATES PROLACTIN SECRETION FROM ACTH‐PRODUCING MICROADENOMAS IN CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: SCHULTE H. M. , ALLOLIO B. , GUNTHER R. W. , BENKER G. , WINKELMANN W. , OHNHAUS E. E. , REINWEIN D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBilateral, selective and simultaneous catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinus with measurements of ACTH after stimulation with ovine corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) is now frequently used to establish the differential diagnosis in patients with Cushing's disease and to determine the side of the microadenoma in the pituitary. To investigate whether CRF has any effect on other pituitary hormones, we also determined prolactin (PRL) concentrations in the samples obtained during this procedure. Fourteen patients under evaluation for Cushing's syndrome and one patient with a hormonally inactive pituitary tumour were catheterized. Baseline PRL levels in the peripheral veins were within the normal range before and after CRF in all patients (3 ‐7‐16‐0 ng/ml). In 10 patients ACTH‐ and PRL concentrations lateralized to one side of the pituitary and could both be stimulated by CRF. The gradient of PRL between inferior petrosal sinus and periphery ranged from 7 to 147 ng/ml after CRF. There was no correlation between ACTH and prolactin increase in response to CRF. In three patients with no ACTH‐gradient but a positive response to CRF, no tumours could be found during transsphenoidal surgery; they had no PRL‐gradient and showed no PRL response to CRF. One patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome had no ACTH‐ and no PRL response to CRF. The patient with the inactive pituitary tumour showed a normal ACTH‐, but no PRL response to CRF. These data demonstrate for the first time that in normo‐prolactinaemic patients with Cushing's disease, in contrast to patients bearing no microadenoma, PRL is secreted in response to CRF. This constant feature in all patients with pituitary Cushing's disease suggests that in the source of prolactin is the microadenoma and might prove useful clinically in interpreting equivocal ACTH‐gradients during this procedure.
TSH DEPENDENT ELEVATION OF SERUM THYROGLOBULIN IN REVERSIBLE PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: SATO K. , OKAMURA K. , IKENOUE H. , SHIROOZU A. , YOSHINARI M. , FUJISHIMA M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured using immunoradiometric assay in 18 patients with primary hypothyroidism, whose serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were higher than 40 mU/1 and anti‐Tg antibodies were negative. In 12 patients, serum Tg levels were extremely elevated above the upper limit of normal (30 ng/ml) and the levels were more than 800 ng/ml in 10 of them. In all of these 12 patients, thyroid function recovered spontaneously with only iodide restriction and the serum Tg levels declined concomitantly with the decrease in serum TSH concentrations, events suggesting the TSH dependency of this Tg elevation. In the other 6 patients without elevated Tg levels, thyroid function did not recover and replacement therapy with l‐thyroxine had to be given. Data from our study show that the TSH dependent Tg secretion is observed in reversible type primary hypothyroidism and that it may proceed vigorously even though thyroid hormone production is subnormal. Measurement of serum Tg may be valuable for predicting the prognosis of primary hypothyroidism.
LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH A NEW NON‐ERGOT LONG‐ACTING DOPAMINE AGONIST, CV 205‐502, IN WOMEN WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA
Authors: RASMUSSEN CARSTEN , BERGH TORBJÖRN , WIDE LEIF , BROWNELL JUDITH 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐four hyperprolactinaemic women were treated for 6 months with the new, non‐ergot, long‐acting dopamine agonist, CV 205‐502. The treatment resulted in normalization of PRL secretion in 17 of the 24 women at once‐daily doses of 005 to 0‐15 mg of the drug. Sixteen of these women as well as 4 of those who remained hyperprolactinaemic had regular menstrual bleeding. Five of the patients had previously discontinued bromocriptine therapy because of adverse effects but had no problems tolerating CV 205‐502. Of three bromocriptine‐resistant women, two responded partially while one also remained unresponsive to CV 205‐502 treatment. Mild to moderate galactorrhoea was recorded at baseline in 19 of the 24 women. After 6 months’treatment mild galactorrhoea was still present in six patients, four of whom had attained normal PRL levels. Side‐effects were mild and transient. CV 205‐502 seems to be a valuable compound in the management of patients with hyperprolactinaemia.
CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC BLOCKADE PRODUCES SHORT‐TERM SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN CHILDREN WITH TALL STATURE
Authors: HINDMARSH P. C. , PRINGLE P. J. , BROOK C. G. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have studied the effects of oral pirenzepine (50 mg twice daily) on growth and growth hormone (GH) secretion in 10 children with tall stature (9F, 1M). Suppression of GH secretion was observed in all children for 2‐3 h after drug administration but was followed by rebound secretion of GH after 4‐6 h. Consequently there was little overall change in GH secretion. In the dose regimen used the disruption of normal pulsatile GH secretion was not sufficiently significant to change final or predicted heights.
ALPHA‐2‐ADRENERGIC PATHWAYS RELEASE GROWTH HORMONE VIA A NON‐GRF‐DEPENDENT MECHANISM IN NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: VALCAVI R. , DIEGUEZ C. , PAGE M. D. , ZINI M. , CASOLI P. , PORTIOLI I. , SCANLON M. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAdministration of a supramaximal dose of GRF 1‐44 (200 μg, i.v.) to normal human volunteers increased GH levels while a further bolus of GRF (200 μg i.v.) given 2 hours later failed to increase plasma GH levels. In contrast, alphaadrenergic receptor agonism with either propranolol‐adrenaline infusion or clonidine increased plasma GH levels at a time when GH responses to this supramaximal dose of GRF were absent. This indicates that alpha‐adrenergic pathways stimulate GH secretion through a non‐GRF‐dependent mechanism in normal human subjects.
EVIDENCE FOR A HYPOTHALAMIC ALTERATION OF CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: PARADISI ROBERTO , GROSSI GABRIELE , VENTUROLI STEFANO , CAPELLI MAURIZIO , PORCU ELEONORA , FABBRI RAFFAELLA , PASQUALI RENATO , FLAMIGNI CARLO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe role of brain catecholamine (CA) activity in the neuroendocrine regulation of the GnRH‐LH system in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) was investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detector. We measured urinary dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4‐dihydr‐oxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and total 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels in a group of 12 women with PCO before and during peripheral dopa‐decarboxylase blockade, by carbidopa. HVA and DOPAC concentrations were significantly lower (P<0001 and P<0‐005, respectively) in PCO patients compared with twelve control subjects in early follicular phase, whereas total MHPG concentrations and MHPG/VMA ratio were significantly higher (P< 0‐005) in PCO patients. Moreover, HVA and DOPAC concentrations in PCO patients were similar to those of the control subjects in preovulatory phase, while MHPG concentrations remained higher in PCO patients (P<0‐01). DA, NA, A and VMA concentrations were similar to those of control subjects in both phases of the cycle. During carbidopa administration the concentrations of all urinary CAs and metabolites were unchanged, except those of DA which dropped markedly (P<0‐001). These data suggest that (1) an altered central catecholamine metabolism consisting of DA deficiency and NA excess is present in PCO, and (2) the site of DA deficiency may be located in the hypothalamus.
A COMPARISON OF FOLLICULAR FLUID LEVELS OF INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTOR‐1 IN NORMAL DOMINANT AND COHORT FOLLICLES, POLYCYSTIC AND MULTICYSTIC OVARIES
Authors: EDEN J. A. , JONES J. , CARTER G. D. , ALAGHBAND‐ZADEH J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFourteen ovulatory patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy had at least two samples of clear follicular fluid (FF) collected in the late follicular phase. The cohort concentrations of Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 (IGF1) were significantly correlated with serum IGF1 and dominant follicles contained significantly higher concentrations of IGF1 and oestradiol (E2) than their cohorts. After the LH surge, a further significant increase in dominant FF‐IGF1 occurred. FF‐(log)E2 was significantly correlated with both FF‐IGF1 and FF volume. Nine women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and one patient with multicystic ovaries (MCO) associated with weight‐loss related amenorrhoea also had follicular aspiration performed. The mean (SD) FF‐IGF1 in the PCOS group, 0.42 (0.15) U/ml, was not significantly different from that of the cohorts in the control group, 0.39 (0.13) U/ml. The patient with MCO had both serum and FF‐IGF1 concentrations < 10th centile. These results support the hypothesis that IGF1 has a paracrine (and possibly endocrine) role in the regulation of ovarian function in the human female.
STUDIES ON THYROTROPHIN RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH EUTHYROID GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: KASAGI K. , HATABU H. , TOKUDA Y. , IIDA Y. , ENDO K. , KONISHI J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and TSH‐binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) were assessed in 30 patients with euthyroid Graves' disease. TSAb were detected in 24 cases (80.0%), the incidence being not significantly different from that in hyperthyroid Graves' disease (29/30,97.6%). On the other hand, the incidence of TBII in patients with euthyroid Graves' disease (12/30, 40.0%) was significantly lower than that in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease (30/30, 100.0%). The mean TSAb and TBII activities in the euthyroid patients were significantly lower than in the hyperthyroid patients (P < 0.f005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Both TBII and, more closely, TSAb activities correlated with T3‐nonsuppressibility and inhibition of serum TSH response to TRH stimulation. The findings supported the stimulation in vivo of the thyroid by these antibodies.Both antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibody titres in euthyroid Graves' disease were significantly lower than in hyperthyroid Graves' disease (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Goitre size was significantly smaller (P < 0.001), and 99mTc thyroid uptake was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the euthyroid than in the hyperthyroid group. Thus, the reduced mass of thyroid tissues responding to the stimulators was considered to be one of the factors responsible for the euthyroidism despite the presence of TSAb.The high incidence of TSAb and relatively low incidence of TBII in euthyroid Graves' disease indicate that the presence of TSAb does not necessarily lead to hyperthyroidism and that the development of overt thyrotoxicosis may require augmentation of both TSAb and TBII.
TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE BY INDUCING OVULATION WITH PULSATILE SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN ASSOCIATED WITH LUTEINIZING HORMONE‐RELEASING HORMONE ANALOGUE
Authors: NAKAMURA YUKIO , YOSHIMURA YASUNORI , TAMAOKA YUUKOKU , UBUKATA YOSHINOBU , YOSHIDA KEIKO , YAMADA HARUHIKO , IIZUKA RIHACHI , SUZUKI MASAHIKO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTreatment with a combination of luteinizing hormone‐releasing analogue (GnRHa, Buserelin) and pulsatile administration of hMG (Group I) were used to induce ovulation in nine patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The same patients were also treated with pulsatile hMG administration alone (Group II). Ovulation was observed in all twelve treatment cycles in Group I, and there were two pregnancies. In Group II, ovulation occurred in 22 of 26 treatment cycles. Ovarian hyperstimulation occurred in one cycle of Group I and in 5 of 26 cycles of Group II. The total dose per cycle of hMG to induce ovulation in Group I was significantly lower than that needed when only pulsatile hMG administration was used. In response to Buserelin administration, the concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increased transiently and then declined to the normal range observed in the early follicular phase. The concentrations of FSH increased in response to hMG administration, resulting in a normal LH/FSH ratio. The present data demonstrated that pulsatile subcutaneous administration of hMG in addition to Buserelin was effective in inducing follicular maturation and ovulation in patients with PCO with a lower incidence of serious side‐effects.
THERAPY OF ACROMEGALY WITH SANDOSTATIN: THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF AN ACUTE TEST, THE VALUE OF SERUM SOMATOMEDIN‐C MEASUREMENTS IN DOSE ADJUSTMENT AND THE DEFINITION OF A BIOCHEMICAL ‘CURE’
Authors: LAMBERTS S. W. J. , UITTERLINDEN P. , SCHUIJFF P. C. , KLIJN J. G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFifteen acromegalic patient were treated for a mean of 96 weeks with 200–300 μg Sandostatin per day. The mean 24 h GH concentration decreased by 86% from 34.3 ± 6.6 to 4.8 ± 0.7 μ/l (1 μg/l = 46 pmol/1). There was a close correlation between the mean GH levels from 2 to 6 h after the acute administration of 50 μg Sandostatin and the mean 24 h GH levels after chronic therapy (P < 001). Serum Sm‐C levels decreased from 6.9 ± 0.7 to 2.7 ± 0.5 U/ml (−61%) and normalized in eight of these 15 patients. There was a close correlation between the Sm‐C and mean 24 h GH levels after therapy (P < 0001). It is suggested that adjustment of the dose and the number of Sandostatin injections can be made in acromegaly on the basis of the measurement of Sm‐C levels during the follow‐up. This precludes the need of multiple GH determinations throughout the day and/or night. Biochemical ‘cure’(as denned by normalized Sm‐C levels) was reached in eight patients in whom mean 24 h GH levels were suppressed to 3–3 μg/l or less. The normalization of Sm‐C levels was even observed in the presence of two or three GH secretory peaks (never exceeding 7.5–10 μg/l) during the 24 h period occurring towards the next Sandostatin injection.
GONADOTROPHIN, GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: BUCHANAN C. R. , STANHOPE R. , ADLARD P. , JONES J. , GRANT D. B. , PREECE M. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have studied eight children with primary hypothyroidism (6F, 2M) aged 6–7 to 14–2 years. The girls were prepubertal and the boys had early normal pubertal development. Overnight secretion of LH, FSH, TSH, PRL and GH, and ovarian ultrasound morphology were assessed before and up to 9 months after commencing thyroxine treatment. Serum FSH concentrations in all the girls were increased above LH levels and severe hypothyroidism was associated with reduced GH secretion. These abnormalities reversed with thyroxine treatment. The boys had less severe hypothyroidism and did not demonstrate abnormal gonadotrophin or GH secretion. We conclude that primary hypothyroidism in childhood is associated with widespread disturbance of pituitary function, including increased FSH secretion often without signs of early sexual maturation.
SODIUM FLUORIDE STIMULATES OSTEOCALCIN IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: DANDONA P. , COUMAR A. , GILL D. S. , BELL J. , THOMAS M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo test whether the administration of sodium fluoride in vivo results in an increase in osteocalcin concentration, we administered sodium fluoride to seven healthy male subjects for a period of 3 weeks. Fasting calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin were measured prior to, during and 6 weeks after fluoride administration. Plasma calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations did not alter. Serum osteocalcin concentrations increased following fluoride administration, and the mean osteocalcin concentration at 3 weeks was significantly higher than the pretreatment mean. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations did not alter. Six weeks after the cessation of fluoride treatment, the mean serum osteocalcin concentration had returned to the pretreatment baseline. We conclude that fluoride administration in normal subjects over a short period increases serum osteocalcin concentration and probably stimulates osteoblastic activity.
LUNG CARCINOID WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME: CONTROL OF SERUM ACTH AND CORTISOL LEVELS USING SMS 201–995 (SANDOSTATIN)
Authors: HEARN P. R. , REYNOLDS C. L. , JOHANSEN K. , WOODHOUSE N. J. Y. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo patients with Cushing's syndrome due to lung carcinoid tumours were given the long‐acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 (Sandostatin). One received a single 50 μg dose which produced a 50% reduction in circulating ACTH levels within 4 h. The other has been maintained in clinical and biochemical remission for 10 weeks on 100 μg tid. This is the first report of the successful use of SMS 201–995 in carcinoid‐induced Cushing's syndrome, and suggests that this hormone analogue could be valuable in the long term medical management of such patients.
DYSGERMINOMA IN 45,X TURNER SYNDROME: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: SINISI A. A. , PERRONE L. , QUARTO C. , BARONE M. , BELLASTELLA A. , FAGGIANO M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHere we report the fourth case of dysgerminoma in a patient with the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis and 45,X karyotype. Typical Turner's syndrome features were unusually associated with breast development, menarche and secondary amenorrhoea. Exaggerated basal and GnRH stimulated gonadotrophin and low oestradiol levels were typical of post‐pubertal Turner's syndrome. Detailed (standard) chromosome and banding analysis excluded the presence of Y chromosome material. This case suggests that the presence of a Y chromosome is not necessary for abnormal differentiation of germ cells and the occurrence of a gonadoblastoma.
LONG‐TERM TREATMENT OF NELSON'S SYNDROME WITH SODIUM VALPROATE
Authors: KELLY W. , ADAMS J. E. , LAING I. , LONGSON D. , DAVIES D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEleven patients with Nelson's syndrome were given sodium valproate (Epilim, Sanofi). Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were measured under carefully controlled conditions which were designed to eliminate spontaneous fluctuations in ACTH. At 6 weeks all 11 patients were reassessed while taking sodium valproate 600 mg/day; there was then a small but significant (P<0.05) reduction in plasma ACTH concentration. Six patients continued to take sodium valproate, and were reassessed at 1 year when five were taking 1200 mg/day and one patient was taking 600 mg/day. At 1 year for these six patients there had been an increase in mean plasma ACTH which was then not significantly different from basal values. The five patients who discontinued sodium valproate were also reassessed at 1 year, when there were no significant differences compared to basal or 6‐week values. During therapy with sodium valproate, there were no significant changes in the half‐life of plasma cortisol, plasma sodium and potassium concentrations, or serum liver enzymes. Weight gain on sodium valproate was the main reason for patients asking to discontinue therapy. Sodium valproate is not an effective long‐term therapy for reducing plasma ACTH for patients with Nelson's syndrome.
DEPRESSED NATURAL KILLER ACTIVITY IN GRAVES' DISEASE AND DURING ANTITHYROID MEDICATION
Authors: WANG PEI‐WEN , LUO SHUE‐FEN , HUANG BIE‐YU , LIN JEN‐DER , HUANG MIAU‐JU 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo investigate the natural killer (NK) cell mediated immunity in Graves' disease (GD) and the effect of antithyroid drugs upon NK cell activity, 51Cr release assay for NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells was examined in patients with GD before and during antithyroid medication and after drug withdrawal. Fifty‐eight patients were divided into three groups: the untreated thyrotoxic patients (n= 33), the euthyroid patients under antithyroid treatment (n= 19) and the euthyroid patients after drug withdrawal (n= 6). The results of the three groups were compared to 23,15 and 5 sex‐ and age‐matched controls, respectively. The data revealed a significant NK dysfunction in the untreated hyperthyroid patients, although the number of the NK cells was not decreased. NK function was normal when patients were no longer taking antithyroid medication and in euthyroid state. However, euthyroid patients under antithyroid medication had markedly depressed NK activity, suggesting an immunosuppressive effect of the antithyroid drugs. This study demonstrated that both the hyperthyroid state and the antithyroid drugs exerted immunosuppressive effects upon the NK cells. Since such an immunosuppressive effect on NK cells might be associated with a decreased immune surveillance against tumour growth, this study implies that a long‐term follow up of GD patients treated with antithyrdid drugs may be indicated to guard against a possible increased incidence of malignancy.
A BROMOCRIPTINE‐RESPONSIVE CORTICOTROPH ADENOMA SECRETING α‐MSH IN A PATIENT WITH CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: HALE A. C. , COATES P. J. , DONIACH I. , HOWLETT T. A. , GROSSMAN A. , REES L. H. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYClinical and in‐vitro investigations have been performed on a corticotroph adenoma removed from a patient suffering from Cushing's disease. Prior to surgery, the patient's Cushing's disease had been successfully controlled, clinically and biochemically, by long term administration of bromocriptine. After selective adenomectomy, tumour tissue was investigated by a perfused isolated cell column technique. It was shown that the tumour cells secreted immunoreactive‐ (IR‐) ACTH and IR‐α‐MSH and that the release of both peptides was promptly suppressed by dopamine. Chromatographic analysis of the secreted IR‐α‐MSH revealed a high proportion of acetylated α‐MSH; smaller amounts of desacetyl α‐MSH and diacetyl α‐MSH were present. The relevance of these findings to the proposal that certain corticotroph adenomas are derived from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary is discussed. It is concluded that there is little direct evidence for involvement of the residual zona intermedia of the adult human pituitary in the development of Cushing's disease.