bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic patellar brace: A new orthosis in the management of patellofemoral disorders
Authors: Palumbo P.M. 
Published: June 2007

The diagnosis and treatment of patellofemoral dys function, especially subluxation of the patella, remains controversial. Many authors feel conservative treat ment will give better long-term results than operative treatment. To aid in nonoperative treatment of patellofemoral conditions a dynamic patellar stabilizing brace has been developed. The brace applies an active, medially displacing force to the lateral border of the patella and maintains constant pressure during flexion, extension, and rotation of the knee. This brace consists of an elastic sleeve with a patellar cutout and two circum ferentially wrapped "live" rubber arms which apply dynamic tension to a crescent-shaped lateral patellar pad. An elastic circumferential counterarm maintains proper positioning of the pad and prevents rotation of the brace. The brace, superior to other methods of patellar splinting, is felt to be useful in the diagnosis of sus pected subluxation in patients without the classical stigmata of patellofemoral dysplasia. It has proven useful in the treatment of 39 cases of patellar sublux ation and 4 of patellofemoral arthritis. In a number of cases symptoms were completely eliminated with pro longed use of the brace. The brace is felt to be beneficial in conjunction with vastus medialis rehabil itation in patellar subluxation in growing children; in patients with mild or occasional subluxation, espe cially during specific activities; in persons with dislo cation or subluxation in which surgery is contraindi cated or must be delayed; and in acute subluxation. The brace may also be helpful in the prevention and treatment of chondromalacia and patellar tendinitis.
An epidemiologic study of squash injuries
Authors: Berson Burton L. , Rolnick Audie M. , Ramos Christopher G. , Thornton John 
Published: June 2007

A retrospective investigation of squash-related injuries incurred at a private and a public club in New York was undertaken to gain insight into the incidence and nature of such injuries. Telephone interviews were conducted with 200 randomly selected individuals to obtain their entire injury history. Sixty-nine of the 155 squash players contacted sustained injuries during their participation. Some had multiple injuries. This resulted in an overall injury rate of 44.5%. Strains and sprains accounted for over one- third of the injuries. Nearly one-half of the injuries involved the lower extremity, with the ankle and lower leg being injured most often. Forty-seven percent of the injuries seen were considered disabling because the patients were out of action for more than two weeks after injury. Players over the age of 40 are at increased risk for injury, as are newcomers to the game. Increased injury rates were also associated with an increased frequency of play among females. Only rarely will an injured squash player become permanently impaired.
Repair of peripheral meniscus tears
Authors: Cassidy Robert E. , Shaffer Andrew J. 
Published: June 2007

Degenerative joint disease in the knee following me niscus injury and/or surgical removal of the meniscus is an accepted fact. In an attempt to reduce the severity of the degenerative joint disease, 27 patients underwent 29 repairs of tears in the peripheral one- third of the meniscus. Twenty-four were medial, and 5 were lateral. Twenty of the patients were men; 7 were women. Ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 34 years. The surgical technique involved resuturing of the meniscus to the capsule and/or ligaments after debriding the peripheral edge of the tear. Followup ranged from 6 to 17 months. Three out of 9 patients with slight pain still had some swelling or effusion in the knee intermittently. One of these had a sensation of giving way but no actual buckling. Two of the patients had not returned to full activity 6 months after their surgery. Four patients have had postoperative arthrograms, all of which show evidence of complete healing. Two repairs have been directly visualized, and the suture lines are healed. The follow-up data support the conclusion that re pair of peripheral tears of the meniscus is possible. However, longer followup is needed to determine the long-lasting effects of meniscus repair and their role in preventing progressive degenerative change within the knee.
Anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee
Authors: Hanks Gregory A. , Joyner David M. , Kalenak Alexander 
Published: June 2007

In an attempt to correct anterolateral rotatory instabil ity of the knee, 30 consecutive patients underwent a surgical procedure similar to that described by Ellison (Ellison AE: A modified procedure for the extra-artic ular replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Symposium, New Orleans, LA, July 15, 1975), called the iliotibial band transfer. Fashioning the passageway for the transfer closer to the attachment of the fibular collateral ligament on the femur and meticulous fascial closure over the transplant were not found to be crucial to success. Twenty-nine of the 30 patients were injured during athletic activities, and the remaining patient was in jured in a motorcycle accident. They often complained of an unstable knee with symptoms of pain and giving way. Twenty-eight patients with a minimum followup of nine months (the average followup was 25 months) were evaluated subjectively by an interview and by objective clinical examination. Subjective results (including asymptomatic return to their previous level of athletic activity) and clinical improvement of anterolateral rotatory instability (based on the flexion-extension-valgus test or the Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test) were en couraging. Areas of concern were that a small number of patients developed asymptomatic varus instability and a few had relative strength deficits which may or may not have long-term significance.
Elbow injury in women's gymnastics
Authors: Priest James D. , Weise Debra J. 
Published: June 2007

This investigation reports on 30 female gymnasts with 32 elbow injuries acquired in gymnastics. Thirty of the injuries were acute fractures and dislocations, and two developed Panner's disease of the humeral capi tellum. Primary treatment included 14 closed reductions and 11 open surgical procedures. Those who returned to competition lost an average of 4.1 months. Spotters were not present during nearly 60% of these injuries. The mechanism which led to a variety of elbow injuries was possibly singular: a fall on an outstretched arm. More than twice as many injuries occurred on thin mats or the bare floor than on thicker mats. The authors concluded, after the study, that elbow immobilization for as short a time as possible was beneficial to regaining range of motion. We recom mend reducing injuries by employing spotters, using thicker mats, and educating young gymnasts in tech niques of falling.
Patellar tendon avulsion as a complication of Osgood-Schlatter's disease
Authors: Bowers K. Douglas 
Published: June 2007

The etiology of Osgood-Schlatter's disease remains a topic for debate. Previous studies by Ogden and Southwick (Osgood-Schlatter's disease and tibial tu bercle development. Clin Orthop 116: 180-189, 1976) strongly support the concept of multiple mi croavulsions of the anterior surface of the developing ossification center of the tibial tubercle as the under lying cause. Orthopaedic literature fails to associate Osgood- Schlatter's disease with traumatic disruption of the extensor mechanism of the knee. Though the mech anism of injury for such trauma is as common as Osgood-Schlatter's disease itself, such occurrences are rare. Failure of the point of attachment of the patellar tendon in a patient with markedly symptomatic Os good-Schlatter's disease tends to confirm the etio logic concept of Ogden and Southwick. Patients with markedly symptomatic Osgood- Schlatter's disease who engage in activities involving rapid deceleration or vigorous vertical acceleration are in a relatively high risk category for disruption of the extensor mechanism. Traumatic avulsion of the patellar tendon in such a patient establishes this re lationship.
Cryotherapy in ankle sprains
Authors: Hocutt John E. , Jaffe Rebecca , Rylander C. Roy , Beebe J. Kirk 
Published: June 2007

This study assesses recovery from ankle sprains. Thirty-seven final participants were categorized ac cording to the severity of their injury and the use of cryotherapy (15 minutes, one to three times per day) versus heat therapy (15 minutes, one to three times per day) for a minimum of three days. Therapy com menced either less than one hour, from one to 36 hours, or greater than 36 hours after the traumatic event. Sprains were graded into five categories based on the severity of the injury, but only two categories, subject to conservative treatment, are considered in this study. The study showed that cryotherapy started within 36 hours after the injury was statistically more effec tive than heat therapy for complete and rapid recov ery. Patients in a group with Grade four sprains (un able to bear weight because of pain) reached full activity in 13.2 days compared to 30.4 days in a group using cryotherapy initiated 36 hours after injury or to 33.3 days in a group using heat therapy. Therefore, early use of cryotherapy, continued with adhesive compression, is an effective treatment of ankle sprains yielding earlier complete recovery than late cryotherapy or heat therapy.
Jumper's Knee
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Ippolito Ernesto , Mariani Pierpaolo , Puddu Giancarlo 
Published: June 2007

Jumper's knee (patellar or quadriceps tendon tendon itis) is found in a high number of athletes, especially in volleyball and basketball players. Conservative treatment (rest, stretching, physical therapy and an tiinflammatory drugs) is usually successful. The ath letes often recover completely and resume their sports activity. The purpose of this study is to present the histologic findings and our surgical repair of 18 knees of patients who underwent surgery after failure of conservative treatment. Histologic findings confirm that the so-called "jumper's knee" is a pathology localized at the bone- tendon junction. In all cases the following abnormali ties were found:pseudocystic cavities at the borderline between mineralized fibrocartilage and bone, disap pearance of the "blue line," increased thickness of the insertional fibrocartilage with myxomatous and hyaline metaplasia, mineralization, and ossification of the fibrocartilage far from the "blue line." Abnormali ties of the patellar tendon were observed only in one patient who received local injection of corticosteroids. Eleven of the 18 surgically treated knees obtained a satisfactory result with complete resumption of sports activity.
Injury account during the 1980 NCAA wrestling championships
Authors: Kersey Robert D. , Rowan Linda 
Published: June 2007

Data were gathered during the 1980 NCAA Wrestling Championships in order to document various specifics involving the injuries sustained by the participating ath letes. Any time a match was stopped for medical rea sons, specific information was recorded and later or ganized to indicate any injury tendencies in wrestling. Of the 353 athletes who participated in the champi onships, 110 incurred injuries requiring the attention of a physician and/or an athletic trainer. Results indicated an overall injury rate per athlete of 31.2% with no conclusive trends considering the weight classification. Injury variety was great with only six athletes (5.5%) injured severe enough to require withdrawal from the tournament. The head-face-neck region was the most commonly injured area (36.4%). Data suggest the fa tigue may affect the injury rate while results related to wrestler position and match score seemed to be incon clusive.
Mountaineering accidents in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Mclennan Jon G. , Ungersma John 
Published: June 2007

Two hundred and fifteen mountaineering accidents oc curred in the Sierra Nevada over a 5-year period in climbers on Class V routes. Patients were evaluated for: climbing preparation and training, first aid experi ence, altitude acclimatization, age, anatomical site of injuries, and cause of the injury. Consideration as to evacuation procedure was also given. The effect of high altitude exposure impairs judgment and muscular coordination and implies poor acclimati zation. Acute mountain sickness and hypothermia were documented in 104 patients, the majority of whom sustained injuries resulting from judgmental errors. Ninety-four injuries involved the ankle and lower tibia, an incidence similar to that seen in alpine skiing a decade ago. There were 17 deaths resulting most frequently from head injuries. Few climbers had formal training in basic mountain medicine which was reflected in the poor assessment and management of injuries, with an unnecessary reli ance upon others for evacuation. Morbidity and mortality may be lessened by proper climbing preparation—instruction in mountaineering techniques as well as basic mountain medicine—and by prevention of acute mountain sickness and cold injury.
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using free tendon graft
Authors: Zaricznyj B. 
Published: June 2007

Twenty-seven patients were treated with an intraarti cular tendon graft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The tendon of the extensor of the fifth toe was used in five patients and the tendon of the semi tendinosus muscle used in 22 patients. Followup ranged from 2 to 9 years, averaging 5.4 years. Fifteen patients remained pain-free, nine complained of only occasional ache, and three had more severe discom fort. One of those patients ruptured the graft postop eratively. Twenty patients were able to return to recreational sports and three to competitive sports. All patients were able to return to their previous occupations. Nine pa tients had evidence of severe or moderately severe arthritic changes in the injured knee prior to surgery, and an additional five patients had chondromalacia or early arthritic changes. The severity of arthritic changes was directly related to the time interval between injury and reconstruction of the ligament and also to the severity of the injury. Patients with arthritic changes greatly benefited from reconstruction of the ligament. The stability of the reconstructed ligament did not change during the followup if integrity of other ligaments was preserved or reconstructed.
Acute posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee
Authors: Delee Jesse C. , Riley Mark B. , Rockwood Charles A. 
Published: June 2007

Posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee, a poste rior rotational subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau in relation to the lateral femoral condyle, is an unusual condition. Twelve cases of acute posterolateral rotatory instability are presented with an average followup of 7.5 years after surgical repair. Clinical signs suggestive of this injury included posterolateral knee tenderness, and a contusion or abrasion over the anteromedial aspect of the tibia. Indications for operative repair in cluded a 2+ or greater varus instability of the knee at 30° flexion in association with a positive external rota tion recurvatum or posterolateral drawer test. At oper ation, the consistent finding was a tear in the arcuate ligament complex in all patients. Primary operative repair resulted in stable and func tional knees in 8 of 11 patients without evidence of degenerative joint disease at 7½ years postinjury. Roentgenographic evidence of degenerative joint dis ease was present in three patients, two of whom had some residual posterolateral laxity. Results were evaluated subjectively, objectively, and functionally. There were eight good, three fair, and no poor subjective results; eight good, two fair, and one poor objective results; and seven good, three fair and one poor functional results. The single objective and functional poor result had a deep infection postopera tively. Eight of the 11 patients participated in recreational sports following repair and no patients were limited in the activities of daily living.
Posterior compartment fractures of the ankle
Authors: Paulos Lonnie E. , Johnson Charles L. , Noyes Frank R. 
Published: June 2007

This paper brings to the reader's attention an injury and symptom complex resulting from an ankle sprain during athletic competition. Twenty patients were re viewed and followed over a 3½ year period of time. Three patients presented acutely and 17 patients pre sented after an extended period of time with residual ankle morbidity. Common to this group of patients was a history of having sustained an ankle sprain, most commonly secondary to a forced plantar flexion type injury. Subsequent disability was generally posterior and postero-lateral ankle pain associated with running and/or jumping. Clinical examination invariably demon strated posterior ankle pain, particularly with forced plantar flexion of the foot. All patients demonstrated bony changes in the area of the posterior talus and/or tibia by x-ray, and all patients had a positive technicium bone scan of the posterior ankle area. If the injury is diagnosed acutely, cast immobilization is the treatment of choice. If diagnosed late, it is sug gested that for those patients who fail conservative treatment, surgical removal of the fragment is best. The majority of patients in this study required surgical extir pation of the posterior talus bony fragment in order to relieve symptoms and return to full sports competition.
The effect of a patella brace on performance in a knee extension strength test in patients with patellar pain
Authors: Lysholm Jack , Nordin Marketta , Ekstrand Jan , Gillquist Jan 
Published: June 2007

The object of this study was to analyze the quadriceps muscle peak strength with the Cybex-II isokinetic dy namometer in patients with patellofemoral arthralgia with and without a patella brace. Twenty-four patients, 18 women and 6 men, were studied. All had patellofemoral arthralgia. The diagnosis was made on typical clinical findings, but was supple mented with arthroscopy in seven patients with pain also over the medial joint line. After a 2 week adaptation period with the brace, a Cybex-II test was done with and without the brace. The other leg was tested as control. Twenty-one patients (88%) improved their per formance in the strength test with the brace (mean difference 13.7 ± 9.1 %). With the brace, 14 patients (58%) performed at 95% of their control leg or more compared to 6 (25%) without the brace. Patients under the age of 30 years had a better effect than patients over that age.
Chronic leg pain in athletes due to a recurrent compartment syndrome
Authors: Martens Marc A. , Backaert Marc , Vermaut Gery , Mulier Jozef C. 
Published: June 2007

A series of 29 patients, all engaged in sports activity on a regular basis, suffering from recurrent compart mental syndrome, is reported. The syndrome is not restricted only to long distance runners but to athletes involved in a variety of sports activities (soccer, volley ball, cycle racing, gymnastics, judo, physical education, and long distance running). Although most patients presented activity-related leg pain, some patients mainly complained of ankle weakness and recurrent ankle distortions at fatigue. The wick catheter technique proved to be most useful to determine which compartments were involved. The severity of clinical symptoms correlated highly with the anomalies of the tissue pressure measurements. The predominance of deep posterior compartment and mul tiple compartment involvement are in contrast with most previous reports. Conservative treatment was unsuccessful in every patient, whereas surgical de compression of the involved compartments yielded fa vorable results in those cases where all the involved compartments were released.
A Guideline for cardiopulmonary conditioning in the middle-aged recreational athlete
Authors: Raven Peter B. , Smith Michael L. 
Published: June 2007

The aging process predisposes man to a greater con cern for and sensitivity to his health and fitness. Regular exercise can improve and maintain an individual's gen eral health regardless of the fitness level at the onset of the exercise regimen. We have noted that age does not significantly reduce the benefits (trainability) at tained from exercise; however, it does appear that a prolonged sedentary lifestyle will diminish the fitness level that can be achieved. Cardiopulmonary fitness is primarily a function of the oxygen transport system and, therefore, is monitored by determining maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). The VO2max is a highly reproducible parameter related to cardiac output and the arteriovenous oxygen differ ence. Exercise conditioning can improve the VO2max by augmenting both the cardiac output and the oxygen extraction within the capillaries. Resting stroke volume is increased by a conditioning effect and resting brady cardia is common. Changes in total peripheral resist ance (TPR) and blood pressure are not as readily demonstrable. To produce a conditioning effect and maintain fitness it is recommended that dynamic exer cise at intensities of 60 to 90% of the maximum heart rate reserve for at least 15 minutes should be per formed at least 3 days/week. The total work load (as a function of intensity and duration) appears to be the most important criterion for producing a conditioning effect. Proper testing and evaluation is necessary for a clinician in prescribing an exercise program that is safe and effective. With the middle-aged individual precau tions must be taken to discern any risks for a cardio vascular event or structural injury.
Musculoskeletal profile and incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in lightweight women rowers
Authors: Howell Damien W. 
Published: June 2007

There is a lack of information dealing with the muscu loskeletal profile of common injuries in women rowers. Strength and flexibility of trunk/pelvic muscles were qualitatively described in 17 elite lightweight women rowers. Questionnaires regarding incidence of muscu loskeletal injuries in this population were completed. Correlations between musculoskeletal profiles and in cidence of injury were determined. Results indicate elite lightweight women rowers have a high incidence of low back pain and discomfort. Seventy-five percent of the sample demonstrated hy perflexion of the lumbar spine. There was a high posi tive correlation between hyperflexion motion of the lumbar spine and incidence of low back pain. There was a high negative correlation between adherence to a regular stretching program and incidence of low back pain.