bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF 17α-ETHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE AND 17α-ETHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE 3-ENOL-PROPIONATE ON GROWTH AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN NORMAL YOUNG MALES OF SHORT STATURE
Authors: Geller Jack 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
8 courses of norethandrolone by mouth and 5 courses of 17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone 3-enol-propionate (SC-7294) i. m. were administered for 6-12 month periods to a total of 11 patients with short stature but no other abnormality. During the mean treatment period of 6 months in the combined group of patients standard height age Δ increased an average of 12 months; corrected height age Δ, a measurement introduced to evaluate growth rates in patients undergoing a spontaneous growth spurt, averaged 12.1 months and bone age maturation increased 11.5 months. Out of 13 total courses of treatment, 8 with norethandrolone and 5 with SC-7294, predicted ultimate stature appeared to have been favorably affected in 7 instances, unchanged in 4 and reduced in 2. In 7 of the patients, additional observations were made during a 6-9 month period following initial therapy. Cumulative data over a 12-15 month period in these 7 patients indicated that standard and corrected height age Δ's were equal to or exceeded bone age Δ's during the same time interval in 5 out of 7 of the patients. There was no evidence of drug toxicity to the liver; urinary 17-ketosteroids fell in a majority of patients after 6 months of therapy; no significant changes in the 17-hydroxy corticoids appeared. The drugs did not appear to suppress the urinary gonadotrophins in the dosage administered. Significant weight gain accompanied therapy in all instances. This preliminary experience indicates that carefully regulated doses of norethandrolone and SC-7294 are safe and useful for increasing immediate stature in most patients with short stature of non-endocrine origins. The drugs should be given for 6 month intervals only; ratios must be determined at the end of therapy and again a 6 month follow-up period before deciding upon the advisability of retreatment. No claim for or against the usefulness of these drugs in increasing ultimate stature can be made on the basis of this study.
BLOOD CORTICOTROPHIN IN NORMAL ADULTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Davies Beryl M. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An oxycellulose adsorption-HC1 elution procedure has been used to concentrate corticotrophin (ACTH) from about 1000 ml normal pooled human blood or 500 ml blood from patients with Cushing's syndrome. The concentrates were bioassayed by measuring their adrenal ascorbic acid depleting action in cortisol-treated rats. Satisfactory recovery figures were obtained for the concentration of 2nd International Standard for ACTH added to out-of-date blood-bank blood or to blood from a hypophysectomized patient. Normal blood ACTH levels are reported from 8 estimations each on pooled blood from 2–3 individuals. Mean normal ACTH was 0.7 mU per 100 ml blood (range 0.60–1.2 mU). Eleven patients with Cushing's syndrome were investigated. These included non-treated cases with adrenal hyperplasia and post-adrenalectomy cases with recurrence of Cushingoid symptoms in the presence of a pituitary tumour. In both groups, mean blood ACTH values were three to four times normal.
FURTHER NOTES ON THE INTERACTION OF SPIRONOLACTONE AND DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE IN DOGS
Authors: Kagawa C. M. , Bouska D. J. , Anderson M. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of DCA induced typical mineralocorticoid effects in a dog, namely the retention of urinary Na and Cl and the loss of K ions. Coadministration of spironolactone orally at several doses neutralized the effect on K, but produced a rate-limited inhibition of Na and Cl retention, by altering tubular reabsorption of the ions. Plasma levels of spironolactone did not appear to be a factor limiting the Na and Cl response. Interpretation of these data indicates that spironolactone inhibited only one of the tubular reabsorbing mechanisms for renal effects of DCA.
A METHOD FOR THE MICRODISSECTION OF INTACT PANCREATIC ISLETS OF MAMMALS
Authors: Hellerström Claes 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A technique for the dissection of fresh pancreatic islets of different mammalian species is described. Besides being suitable for microchemical analyses, the isolated islets seem of potential value for direct studies of the metabolism of the islet cells. The method has proved to be useful for the isolation of relatively large amounts of islet tissue for analytical purposes.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN MAN
Authors: Ditzel Jørn , Hansen P. From , Riskær Niels 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pituitary-adrenal function in hypophysectomized patients was evaluated by means of the steroid content in blood and urine prior to and following oral administration of metyrapone (Metopirone®). This method appears to be useful in revealing cases of incomplete hypophysectomy. In two out of six patients, in whom no gonadotrophin could be detected in the urine, metyrapone administration was followed by a marked increase in the plasma level of compound S and a significant increase in the urinary 17-ketogenic steroid output, indicating that the hypophysectomy was presumably incomplete.
EXCRETION OF ORGANIC IODINE IN THE URINE OF NORMAL AND HYPERTHYROID RATS
Authors: Ford Donald H. , Rhines Ralph 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An extensive review of the thyroid hormone by Pitt-Rivers & Tata (1959) indicates that the principal if not the only urinary metabolite of thyroid hormone is inorganic iodide in normal rats. In a series of normal and hyperthyroid rats injected with 131I labeled triiodothyronine (T3–131I) this was not observed to occur. Within a short time of injection of a tracer dose of T3–131I, appreciable amounts of T3–131I, mono and diiodotyrosine were detected in the urine by ascending paper chromatographic separation of urines collected from the bladder at the time of killing the animals. During the earlier experimental periods (1/2, 1 and 2 hours) organic iodine made up a large percent of the excreted 131I found in bladder urine. It was only by the seventh hour that inorganic iodide (131I) appeared in really appreciable amounts. The hyperthyroid state was observed to be accompanied by a decreased total excretion of 131I via the kidneys. However, the percent of urinary 131I present as organic iodine in hyperthyroid rats reached a maximal amount earlier than in normal rats.
Comparison of the 131I labeled materials in bladder urine with those in the plasma from the same animals suggested that the nature of the excreted 131I labeled material was in general closely related to what was present in the plasma. Thus, when plasma iodide reaches high levels seven hours after injection of T3–131I, urinary excretion of free iodide becomes highest.
FURTHER STUDIES ON DIFFERENCES IN THE UPTAKE OF 131I-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN THE BRAINS OF MALE AND FEMALE RATS
Authors: Ford Donald H. , Hartstein Marvin , Rhines Ralph 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sex difference in the uptake of T3–131I by the brain has been previously noted in white rats such that higher uptakes were routinely observed in females. It was believed that such differences in T3–131I uptake might be related to the conjugation of T3–131I to glucuronic acid, to the clearance rate of T3–131I by the liver, to a difference in the iodinated derivatives entering the blood from the liver or to the breakdown of the T3-glucuronide complex within the intestine. Investigation of these components of the enterohepatic metabolism of triiodothyronine in male and female rats revealed that there were no real sex differences at this point.
Studies on the effect of testosterone propionate (TP) given either to adult or to newborn females suggest a direct effect of TP on the degradation of T3–131I. Thus, the CNS uptake of T3–131I in TP-treated adult females was reduced and more like that observed in males and the point at which the degradation rate exceeded the uptake rate occurred sooner. The effect of TP in the newborn androgen sterilized females was manifest only in the red blood cell uptake of T3, which was decreased and therefore more like that seen in males than in untreated females. It thus appears that the lower uptake of T3–131I by the male CNS is due in part at least to a higher degradation rate which decreases the amount of labeled T3 available for concentration in the brain more quickly than in the female. The female, on the other hand, has a higher plasma and RBC T3–131I level, which is apparently related to the somewhat slower degradation rate of the injected labeled hormone. From previous experiments, one might anticipate that such an elevation in available T3–131I would be associated with a slight increase in T3 uptake by nervous tissue. This was substantially what was observed. Thus, the sex difference in T3–131I uptake by the CNS of the white rat appears to be somewhat related to the intrinsic degradation rate of the injected hormone by the tissues, particularly as influenced by androgens. Other factors involving the enterohepatic circulation and metabolism of T3 may be involved, but only perhaps as influenced along with other tissues by androgens. Certainly no evidence for any sex difference in this very important area of thyroid hormone metabolism was observed under any of the experimental conditions studied here.
CYCLIC VARIATIONS IN THE HYPOPHYSEAL FSH-CONTENT IN THE FEMALE RAT
Authors: Gans E. , de Jongh S. E. , van Rees G. P. , van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. , Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
FSH-estimations were carried out on anterior pituitary glands obtained from rats in four stages of the oestrous cycle: early dioestrus, late dioestrus, pro-oestrus and oestrus.
Autopsy was carried out in one experimental series in the morning, in a second one in the afternoon. The combined results suggested a sudden fall in hypophyseal FSH-content about noon on the day of pro-oestrus. This suggestion was confirmed by estimating the FSH-content of anterior pituitary glands removed from pro-oestrous rats either in the morning or in the afternoon.
DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE RATS INJECTED SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH WITH TESTOSTERONE OR »ANABOLIC STEROIDS«
Authors: Jacobsohn Dora 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present work is concerned with early effects of a single injection of 1.5 mg testosterone propionate into 5 day old female rats (injected rats). Effects of »anabolic steroids« given to rats shortly after birth, generally on the 5th day, were also studied. Untreated littermates served as controls.
As early as 5 days after injection (rat's age 10 days) a reduction in ovarian weight was noticeable. At 10 days after injection the ovaries weighed less than those of controls. Vaginal smears showing cornified cells were obtained from injected rats about 5 days prior to controls. At the controls' first oestrous the ovaries of the injected rats weighed approximately 60 per cent of those of the controls. At this time the ovaries of the controls contained large follicles but no corpora lutea. Confirming previous results of other workers, injected rats observed for about 2 months presented constant vaginal oestrous and ovaries without corpora lutea. The ovaries weighed less than half those of the controls. This result was obtained irrespective of whether one ovary had been removed a fortnight previously, or not. Rats given 1.5 mg testosterone propionate at 20 days of age did not show any persistent effects. Records of weight of body, pituitary gland and adrenals were also in agreement with results of other investigators. Results obtained from similar experiments with »anabolic steroids« (19-nor-testosterone, 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone-oenanthate and methan-drostenolone = Durabol, Primobolan and Dianabol, respectively) indicated that, in the doses studied so far, a depression of endocrine activities and/or persistent defects in the development of female accessory reproductive organs and ovarian function may occur in rats after an injection given within 24 hours after birth or at 5 days of age. The importance of further investigations with regard to the clinical use of »anabolic steroids«, particularly in newborn infants, is discussed.
THE INITIAL METABOLISM OF 4-14C-TESTOSTERONE IN THE RAT. II.
Authors: ElAttar T. , Mosebach K.-O. , Dirscherl W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ten minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 4-14C-testosterone in ten 45 day old Sprague Dawley rats the radioactive metabolites 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol were isolated from the liver; 5β-androstane-3α-ol-17-one from liver, seminal vesicles and prostate; testosterone from blood plasma, seminal vesicles and prostate. Unidentified strongly polar metabolites were present in the four organs examined.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CHANGES IN THE ROOSTER COMB DURING REGRESSION
Authors: Doyle J. , Szirmai J. A. , de Tyssonsk Ellen R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Comb growth was induced in White Leghorn capons by daily treatment with testosterone propionate for 15 days. The hormone treatment was then discontinued and the regression of the romb in the course of the following 24-days period studied in respect to the content of hyaluronic acid, water and various protein fractions. Comb size measurements and histological studies showed that regression of the comb is accompanied by reduction and finally disappearance of the so-called mucoid layer, which gives positive histochemical tests for the presence of acidic glycosaminoglycans. Chemical analysis revealed that the hyaluronic acid content of the comb is reduced to practically zero in the course of the regression period, parallel with a considerable loss of water. A significant correlation was observed between the hyaluronic acid content and comb weight, as well as between hyaluronic acid and water content. The disappearance of hyaluronic acid from the comb was found to fit a semilog linear regression line, with a period of 5 to 9 days required to reach half of a given value. The relationship of this result to the biological half-life time of hyaluronic acid in the steady state is discussed. The relative rise in the total protein content of the comb in the course of regression was attributed to the dehydration of the comb. Only minor changes were observed in the protein composition. The collagen content showed a slight decrease during the second half of the regression period, suggesting a delayed onset of collagen breakdown, as compared with the immediate response of the hyaluronic acid and water content. The soluble protein fraction of the comb was found to be correlated with the comb weight and remained constant in concentration; electrophoretic and immunological analysis showed this fraction to be partly identical with serum proteins. No direct relationship was observed between the hyaluronic acid and this protein fraction.
STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Bolté E. , Mancuso S. , Eriksson G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 15 cases of therapeutic abortion by laparotomy the placenta was disconnected from the foetus and perfused in situ with tracer amounts of radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (A), testosterone (T) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2).
Analysis of the placentas, perfusates and urine samples revealed an extensive aromatisation of DHA, A and T; more than 70% of the radioactive material recovered was phenolic, and at least 80 % of this phenolic material was identified as oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and oestriol (OE3), the latter being detected only in the urine. Comparative studies indicated that A and T were aromatised somewhat better than DHA and that all three unconjugated steroids were aromatised to a much greater extent than DHAS.
Radioactive OE1 and OE2 were isolated and identified in the placentas and perfusates, but no OE3, epimeric oestriols, or ring D ketols could be detected in these sources, not even when human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was added to the blood prior to perfusion. Lack of placental 16-hydroxylation was also apparent when OE2 was perfused. Regardless of the precursor perfused, there was three times more OE2 than OE1 in the placenta and three times more OE1 than OE2 in the perfusate. This was also the case following perfusion with OE2.
The results are interpreted as suggesting the existence in the pregnant human of a placental »barrier« limiting the passage of circulating androgen. The barrier consists of a) limited ability to transfer directly DHAS and b) an enzymic mechanism resulting in the rapid and extensive aromatisation of the important androgens DHA, A and T.
THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC DIETHYL-STILBOESTROL ADMINISTRATION AND SUBSEQUENT WITHDRAWAL ON PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN EXCRETION IN PATIENTS WITH MAMMARY CARCINOMA
Authors: O'Connor P. J. , Skinner L. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The total urinary gonadotrophin output has been followed in four postmenopausal women with mammary carcinoma undergoing treatment with diethylstilboestrol (ca. 20 mg/d) for periods varying from 7 to 13 months. During diethylstilboestrol treatment all cases showed a significant depression of gonadotrophin output to a minimal level and upon withdrawal the urinary titre returned approximately to the pre-treatment level. Evidence from these 4 cases suggests that the inhibition of total gonadotrophin secretion induced by prolonged diethylstilboestrol treatment is not irreversible.
TESTICULAR HISTO-MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG RATS TREATED WITH OESTRADIOL-17β BENZOATE
Authors: Maqueo Manuel , Kind Fred A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestradiol-17β benzoate, 120 βg, injected into five-day old male rats inhibited maturation of the seminiferous epithelium as demonstrated by histological studies performed 40–55 days post-treatment. The oestrogen treatment was ineffective when administered at the age of 20 days. The degree of testicular damage appeared to be correlated with the amount of steroid used. A dose of 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate led to severe pathological changes in almost 100 per cent of the seminiferous tubules and atrophy of the Leydig cells.
URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANETRIOL (PREGN-5-ENE-3β,17α,20-TRIOL) IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Pal S. B. , James V. H. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnenetriol and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations were determined in the urine of eleven patients with Cushing's Syndrome. All the patients excreted quantities of pregnenetriol which exceeded the amount found in normal urines. These values ranged from 0.7 to 66 mg per day. The highest excretion values occurred in two patients with adrenocortical carcinoma but elevated values were also found in association with adenoma and hyperplasia and it was not possible to differentiate these types of adrenal pathology on the basis of urinary excretion values.
THE DETERMINATION OF CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING ACTIVITY IN STEROID-BLOCKED MICE
Authors: Rerup Claus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The possibility of elaborating a sensitive test for the determination of CRF (Corticotrophin-releasing factor) was investigated in corticosteroid-blocked mice. Two synthetic peptides known to possess corticotrophin-releasing activity (CRA) in the rat, i. e. lysine-vasopressin and histidyl-seryl-lysine-vasopressin (CRA-41) were used as test substances. The results showed that it is possible to perform quantitative estimations of CR-activity and that both the peptides tested are true corticotrophin-releasing substances in mice. Lysine-vasopressin was more potent than its synthetic histidyl-seryl-analogue both on an absolute weight basis and in terms of pressor- or corticotrophin equivalents. Threshold doses for CR-activity of lysine-vasopressin in mice were calculated to be about 4 ng (nanograms). From the findings it appears that in mice, the main blocking action of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone is exerted at hypothalamic or higher centres, and not in the cells of the anterior pituitary gland. It is proposed to abandon arbitrary units for CR-activity and to use vasopressin or hypothalamic extracts as a standard for CRF-assay. The possibility of a physiological role of vasopressin as a transmitter substance for corticotrophin-release is briefly discussed.
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME AND RENAL FUNCTION IN PITUITARY INSUFFICIENCY AND ACROMEGALY
Authors: Falkheden Thomas , Sjögren Björn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurement of the volume of extracellular water (ECW) was performed simultaneously with determinations of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) in 12 hypophysectomized patients (five cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma and seven diabetic subjects) and in 13 cases of acromegaly. Thirteen normal subjects served as controls. ECW was estimated from the volume of distribution of inulin, GFR and RPF from the renal clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate, respectively.
In the acromegalic group, an increased GFR and RPF was found together with an increased ECW, confirming earlier observations. In the hypophysectomized patients (who were all on cortisone replacement therapy), GFR and RPF were markedly decreased. However, the reduction in GFR and RPF was not associated with any significant changes in ECW.
EXOPHTHALMUS PRODUZIERENDER FAKTOR (EPF) UND THYREOIDALER JODUMSATZ BEI DER ENDOCRINEN OPHTHALMOPATHIE
Authors: Horster Franz Adolf , Klein Erich 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measured with biotests in fishes serum-EPF-activity was shown to be elevated in 81 patients with endocrine exophthalmos of up to two years' duration. The results were not correlated with the level of protein bound iodine in blood or thyroidal 131I-turnover. The highest titers of EPF have been found in patients with longest duration and severest symptoms of ophthalmopathia whereas they did not depend on the thyroid function. In 56 euthyroid and hyperthyroid persons without exophthalmos no serum-EPF-activity could be demonstrated.
BESTIMMUNG DER INSULINAKTIVITÄT IM SERUM UNBEHANDELTER JUGENDLICHER DIABETIKER NACH GLUKOSEBELASTUNG
Authors: Daweke H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
As a continuation of earlier experiments we have determined the insulinlike activity (ILA) in the serum of newly-found, untreated juvenile diabetics before and after oral loading with glucose. This has been done by the method of glucose-1-14C oxydation to 14CO2 on the rat epididymal adipose tissue. Each value was calculated from the mean values of 6 individual results. In some of these diabetics, the glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm was also investigated at the same time.
The fasting values of the »total« ILA of the untreated juvenile diabetics were found to be 150% higher than in normal subjects and this was confirmed statistically. In contrast to normal subjects glucose loading did not lead to an increase but, after 60 and 120 minutes, to a continual significant decrease of the ILA to 60 and 53% of the starting value, while the blood sugar was markedly increased. As in normal subjects the fasting values of the «free« ILA as determined on the rat diaphragm were low and amounted only to about one tenth of the »total« ILA. 60 minutes after glucose loading, however, the »free« ILA increased to 57 % above the starting value and this was confirmed statistically.
Thus in newly-found, untreated juvenile diabetics a large quantity of insulin is found in the blood and this insulin is obviously present in a biologically inactive form. A small part can be released by an extreme increase in the blood sugar concentration. An insulin reserve is no longer detectable.