bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal transduction mediated by endostatin directly modulates cellular function of lung cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Cui Ri , Ohashi Rina , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Yoshioka Masakata , Tominaga Shigeru , Sasaki Shinichi , Gu Tao , Takagi Yumiko , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: April 2007

Endostatin (ED) is a carboxyl‐terminal fragment of collagen XVIII with strong antiangiogenic activity. ED has been considered as a highly specific inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and migration through interaction with its receptor on the surface of endothelial cells. Recently, direct antitumor effects of ED in colon cancer cells and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells has been reported. However, its effect on lung cancer cells has not been clarified. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ED on in vitro lung cancer cell function and to identify its receptor on lung cancer cells. We revealed that α5 integrin is capable of being a functional ED receptor among several integrins that are expressed on murine lung cancer (Lewis lung cancer [LLC]) cells. We further demonstrated that the ED–integrin interaction modulates various in vitro biological functions of LLC cells as we revealed that immobilized ED helps in LLC cell adhesion and migration in an integrin‐dependent manner. Furthermore, ED inhibited LLC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, ED did not demonstrate any antiproliferative activity against the other murine lung cancer cell line, KLN205, that lacks α5 integrin but binds to immobilized ED through the β1 integrin. In addition, the binding of ED to α5 integrin on LLC cells induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Taken together, these results suggest that the interaction between ED and α5 integrin may play an important role in lung cancer cell function. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 830–837)
Heparanase gene haplotype (CGC) is associated with stage of disease in patients with ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Ralph Shirley , Brenchley Paul E. C. , Summers Angela , Rosa Daniela D. , Swindell Ric , Jayson Gordon C. 
Published: April 2007

Heparanase (HSPE‐1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proangiogenic growth factors, play important roles in the metastatic biology of ovarian cancer. The aim of the present study was to test for association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HSPE‐1 and VEGF and outcome in ovarian cancer. A mutational analysis was performed on the coding sequence of the HSPE‐1 gene to define high‐frequency SNPs. HSPE‐1 polymorphisms, together with two SNPs in the VEGF gene, were studied in 136 patients with ovarian cancer. Patients were categorized into two groups, those with FIGO stages 1 and 2 (group 1) and those with stages 3 and 4 (group 2). We identified 10 polymorphisms in the HSPE‐1 gene, those in introns 2, 3 and 5b, and exons 8, 13a and 13b occurring at a minor allele frequency of ≥10%. There was an increase in frequency of those individuals with a genotype that carried at least one copy of the intron 2 (C), exon 8 (G), exon 13a (C) haplotype (CGC) in group 2. Specifically there were 24% with this haplotype in group 2 versus 5% in group 1 (P = 0.0184, odds ratio 5.986, 95% confidence interval 1.340–26.752). Most of this association was captured by the intron 2 genotype, where carriage of the C allele was associated with stage (P = 0.0148, odds ratio 6.524, 95% confidence interval 1.401–27.921). There was no association between VEGF SNPs and stage of disease. The CGC HSPE‐1 haplotype associates with stage in ovarian cancer. This haplotype may affect splicing of the HSPE‐1 gene, as in silico it alters the presence of a splicing motif. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 844–849)
Depletion of the lipid raft constituents, sphingomyelin and ganglioside, decreases serotonin binding at human 5‐HT7(a) receptors in HeLa cells
Authors: Sjögren B. , Svenningsson P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAim:  The localization and function of several G protein‐coupled receptors, including β‐adrenergic receptors and NK 1 receptors, are regulated via lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. These domains are enriched in cholesterol, gangliosides and sphingolipids, and play an important role in regulating signal transduction in most cell types. Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT), acting via 14 different receptors, regulates as diverse effects as mood, metabolism and smooth muscle contraction. 5‐HT7 receptors are involved in the regulation of depression, circadian rhythms, thermoregulation and vasodilatation. Ligand binding and signalling via the 5‐HT7 receptor are regulated by membranous cholesterol. Here we investigated the role of sphingomyelin and gangliosides on binding of 5‐HT to 5‐HT7 receptors to further examine the role of lipid raft constituents on 5‐HT7 receptor function.Methods:  HeLa cells stably transfected with the human 5‐HT7 receptor were treated with Fumonisin B1 or (±)‐threo‐1‐Phenyl‐2‐decanoylamino‐3‐morpholino‐1‐propanol (PDMP) to reduce sphingomyelin or ganglioside levels, respectively. The effects of these treatments were investigated by the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay, cholesterol analysis and [3H]5‐HT binding studies on intact cells.Results:  Treatments with 20 μm Fumonisin B1 for 24 h or with 10 μm PDMP for 48 h had no effects of total levels if 5‐HT7 receptors, but caused significant decreases in maximum [3H]5‐HT binding to 5‐HT7 receptors. The effects were cholesterol‐independent as levels of cholesterol remained unaffected by either treatment.Conclusion:  These data demonstrate a role for sphingomyelin and gangliosides in regulating binding of [3H]5‐HT to 5‐HT7 receptors. These observations further strengthen that actions of 5‐HT via 5‐HT7 receptors are dependent upon lipid raft integrity.
Adenosine is not a direct GHSR agonist – artificial cross‐talk between GHSR and adenosine receptor pathways
Authors: Hermansson N.‐O. , Morgan D. G. A. , Drmota T. , Larsson N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAim: To assess if adenosine is a direct growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist by investigating the mechanism behind adenosine induced calcium release in human embryonic kidney 293s (HEK) cells expressing GHSR.Methods: Calcium mobilization, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and IP3experiments were performed using HEK cells stably expressing GHSR and/or adenosine A2Breceptor (A2BR).Results: Adenosine has been widely reported as a GHSR agonist. In our hands, adenosine and forskolin stimulated calcium release from IP3controlled stores in HEK–GHSR cells but not in non‐transfected HEK cells. This release was not accompanied by increased IP3levels. The calcium release was both cholera toxin and U73122 sensitive, indicating the involvement of both Gαs/adenylyl cyclase and Gαq/11/phospholipase C pathways. Importantly, the GHSR inverse agonist [D‐Arg1D‐Phe5D‐Trp7,9Leu11]‐Substance P (SP‐analogue) blocked the adenosine stimulated calcium release, demonstrating that GHSR is involved. Assessment of the GHSR‐dependent calcium release using adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists resulted in a rank order of potencies resembling the profile of A2BR. A2BR over‐expression in HEK–GHSR cells enhanced potency and efficacy of the adenosine induced calcium release without increasing IP3production. Moreover, A2BR over‐expression in HEK cells potentiated NECA‐induced cAMP production. However, GHSR expression had no effect on intracellular cAMP production.Conclusion: In HEK–GHSR cells adenosine activates endogenously expressed A2BR resulting in calcium mobilization. We hypothesize that the responsible mechanism is cAMP‐dependent sensitization of IP3receptors for the high basal level of IP3caused by GHSR constitutive activity. Altogether, our results demonstrate that adenosine is not a direct GHSR agonist.
Eliminating the antilipolytic adenosine A1 receptor does not lead to compensatory changes in the antilipolytic actions of PGE2 and nicotinic acid
Authors: Johansson S. M. , Yang J.‐N. , Lindgren E. , Fredholm B. B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAim:  We examined whether compensatory changes after adenosine A1 receptor knockout [A1R (−/−)] eliminate the antilipolytic actions mediated by this receptor.Methods:  Lipolysis experiments were performed on adipocytes prepared from the wild type A1R (+/+), A1R (−/−) and heterozygous mice. Gene expression was assayed with cDNA microarray technique and real‐time PCR; protein expression with immunoblotting.Results:  The A1R was the only adenosine receptor involved in lipolysis. The effects of adenosine deaminase and 2‐chloroadenosine were abolished in A1R (−/−) mice. The IC50 value of 2‐chloroadenosine doubled from 16.6 to 33.6 nm when half of the A1Rs were eliminated. Adrenergic α2 agonists had no effects on lipolysis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibited lipolysis with an IC50 value of 5.8 nm (4.7–7.2 nm) in the A1R (+/+) mice and 10.6 nm (9.0–12.6 nm) in the A1R (−/−) mice. Nicotinic acid inhibited lipolysis with an IC50 value of 0.30 μm (0.19–0.46 μm) in the A1R (+/+) mice and 0.24 μm (0.16–0.37 μm) in the A1R (−/−) mice. Giα1 mRNA was significantly up‐regulated in adipose tissue from A1R (−/−) mice. However, immunoblotting showed that Giα1 was not up‐regulated at the protein level.Conclusion:  The A1R mediates the antilipolytic actions of adenosine. Deletion of the A1R in mice does not result in compensatory increases in G‐protein‐mediated antilipolytic actions of PGE2 or nicotinic acid.
Novel aspects of G‐protein‐coupled receptor signalling – different ways to achieve specificity
Authors: Schulte G. , Levy F. O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOur understanding of signal transduction via G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR) has developed dramatically during the last decades. The initial idea of linear signalling pathways transferring information from the cell membrane to the nucleus has evolved into a complicated network of signalling pathways offering the possibility of crosstalk, fine tuning and specific regulation at multiple levels. During the recent meeting on GPCRs at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm novel aspects of GPCR signalling were presented and discussed. Here, we will discuss several possibilities for GPCRs to achieve specificity in signal transduction, such as the phenomenon of biased agonism, receptor multimerization, the role of co‐receptors, the regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins as well as multiple Gs‐dependent pathways to extracellular single‐regulated protein kinases.
CONTROL OF CARROT FLY ON CELERY, WITH NOTES ON OTHER PESTS
Authors: Bevan W. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDiazinon, mecarbam, fenchlorphos, disulfoton, chlorfenvinphos and trichlorphon, gave good control of carrot fly on celery on peat soil. Ethion was less effective but gave a commercial control, comparable to gamma‐BHC dips made from an oil‐free liquid formulation. Diazinon dip made from a wettable powder formulation was slightly less effective than the latter and caused slightly more check to the transplants. Fenchlorphos dip was not effective.The most promising and practical treatment was the application of granule formulations of diazinon, mecarbam, chlorfenvinphos and disulfoton, using a granule applicator mounted on a mechanical planter. The granules were delivered into the soil around the plant roots. The incorporation of dieldrin, fenchlorphos and diazinon into potting soil, used for making soil blocks into which seedlings are pricked out, controlled heavy attacks of carrot fly on self‐blanching celery. Mecarbam was phytotoxic when mixed into the potting soil.Infestations of aphids, Cavariella spp, and leaf miner, PMlophylla heraclei (F.) were kept at low levels by soil treatments of disulfoton, trichlorphon and mecarbam.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EELWORM IN A NATURALLY‐INFESTED STOCK OF NARCISSUS
Authors: Hesling J. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA survey of a stock of narcissus naturally‐infested with Dity‐lenchus dipsaci showed that 11 per cent of the bulbs were infested. Bulbs were graded as rotten, ‘infested’ and ‘non‐infested’ by cutting across their necks, and, later, samples of the bulbs were dissected and eelworm damage scored. The eelworm populations in the bulbs and in the bulb trash were estimated. The variability of the eelworm population was very high. A few bulbs classed as infested contained no eelworms; and 23 per cent of apparently non‐infested bulbs harboured eelworm. Bulb trash contained eelworm at a rate of 210,000 eelworms per 1000 bulbs. The importance of bulb trash as a source of eelworm, and the influence of bulb husbandry methods on eelworm persistence are discussed.
STHE EFFECTS OF LATE‐SEASON ATTACK ON NARCISSUS BY STEM EELWORM
Authors: Hesling J. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYInoculation of narcissus with known numbers of Ditylenchus dipsaci in the last months of growth produces externally symptomless infested plants and bulbs. Variability of eelworm numbers in foliage and bulb is high and late‐season inoculation cannot be relied on to produce a uniformly infested bulb stock for experimental work. Eelworm numbers in the foliage fall when this dies; at this time eelworms probably emigrate into the soil from the foliage and bulb.
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR SCORING ROOT DAMAGE BY CABBAGE ROOT FLY LARVAE
Authors: Wardlow L. R. , Winfield A. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn an insecticide experiment on the control of cabbage root fly on summer cauliflowers, 1,524 root systems were scored for root damage by two methods. Similar conclusions about the effectiveness of the treatments could be drawn by using either method, but one detected very low levels of root damage and distinguished between different levels of severe damage. This method was more time‐consuming and costly, and could be done over only a short harvesting period. The second method was simpler, cheaper, and could be used over a prolonged harvesting period, but was less sensitive for low, or very high, levels of root damage.
CHLOROTIC STUNT OF LETTUCE CAUSED BY ARABIS MOSAIC VIRUS
Authors: Walkey D. G. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA severe lettuce disease, designated ‘Chlorotic Stunt’, found in 1965 on a fenland farm in Norfolk, was caused by a strain of arabis mosaic virus. Diseased plants were severely chlorotic, necrotic, stunted and failed to heart. The causal virus was sap‐transmitted and inactivated in sap after 10 min at 60°C. Purified preparations contained polyhedral particles 25mμ in diameter and the virus reacted with antisera of arabis mosaic virus.
SOME EFFECTS OF 2,4‐DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID HERBICIDES ON NEMATODE‐INFESTED CEREALS
Authors: Webster J. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAfter spraying an aqueous solution of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4‐D (140 mg/100 ml/sq. yd) onto nematode susceptible (cv. Sun II) and resistant (cv. Manod) oats infested with Ditylenchus dipsaci the final number of nematodes per plant after eight weeks in both resistant and susceptible cultivars was greater in the sprayed than in the unsprayed plants. Seedlings (18 days old) sprayed two weeks after nematode inoculation tended to contain the largest number of nematodes. Spraying of Shell D50, a commercial 2,4‐D herbicide (10 ml of concentrate /250ml/4 sq. yd) on nematode‐infested oats resulted in a larger number of nematodes per plant than in the unsprayed plants but the difference was insignificant. The 2,4‐D spray, which decreased the resistance of oats, but not of barley, to nematodes, caused plant cell hypertrophy and proliferation, which is a necessary response for favourable nematode development.
SOURCES OF INFECTION BY PHYSIOLOGICAL RACES OF PSEUDOMONAS PHASEOLICOLA BURKHOLDER (DOWSON) IN DWARF BEANS
Authors: Wharton A. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYForty‐seven isolates of Pseudomonas phaseolicola were recovered and race‐typed from stocks of infected dwarf bean seed and from diseased crops of dwarf and runner beans grown in southern England during 1964 and 1965. It appears that race 1 may be indigenous in runner bean crops but that race 2 was largely introduced in infected stocks of dwarf bean seed.
A SLOW‐WILT OF PYRETHRUMS (CHRYSANTHEMUM COCCINEUM WILLD.) CAUSED BY A SPECIES OF CEPHALOSPORIUM
Authors: Robertson N. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIsolations from pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum coccineum Willd.) affected by a slow‐wilt disease demonstrated that there was a consistent association with a Cephalosporium sp. Inoculation of seedling pyrethrums followed by infection, the development of symptoms and re‐isolation, showed that the organism was pathogenic.A randomized comparison of plants vegetatively propagated from inoculated and non‐inoculated stocks of pyrethrum demonstrated that the vigour of infected plants, as measured by the numbers of flowering heads produced, was reduced and also showed that the disease could spread laterally from infected to healthy plants.The fungus in the Cephalosporium stage was similar to C. chrysanthemi but it also produced, sparsely in culture and more frequently on autoclaved pyrethrum stems, pycnidia referable to the genus Deuteroplioma.
VA SURVEY OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS IN S.24 PERENNIAL RYEGRASS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1966
Authors: Doodson J. K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA survey of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in S.24 perennial ryegrass in England and Wales was carried out between January and March 1966. Of the 112 samples tested, 104 were infected and this included many samples which appeared healthy. Many of the virus isolates were severe strains and these were mainly transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi, the most efficient vector. There was no evidence of regional distribution of the virus.
Potato Stem Infection by Phoma solanicola Prill, and Delacr. f. foveata (Foister) Malcolmson
Authors: Logan C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYField trial observations have provided evidence that a proportion of stems produced by gangrene‐affected tubers become infected with P. solanicola f. foveata and ripen off earlier than healthy stems, the disease becoming manifest by the production of pycnidia on stem surfaces above soil level. Pycnidia were mature at least three weeks before harvest and pycnospores reproduced gangrene symptoms when artificially inoculated into potato tubers. Pycnospores from infected stems washed into the soil by rain increased the inoculum potential for tuber contamination. These findings indicate that the inoculum for infection of tubers can be increased by planting affected tubers.
Observations on the Infection of Zea mays by Ophiobolus graminis
Authors: Robinson R. K. , Lucas R. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYInvestigations showed that maize can become severely infected by Ophiobolus graminis during the early stages of its growth, but such infection does not appear to be progressive. However, a considerable number of roots may become infected in this way, and it is significant that a susceptible host following such diseased maize may acquire a more severe infection than it does following a resistant crop such as oats.
Aphids and the Increase of Potato Leaf Roll Virus in Seed Potatoes on the Wolds of the East Riding of Yorkshire
Authors: Fidler J. H. , Neild J. R. A. , Murdoch G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIt is shown that aphid infestation in seed potato crops in the East Riding Wolds can be assessed by reference to five sites indicated as representative of the area as a whole.The concept of virus multiplication in seed potato stocks is shown not to be related to aphid infestations expressed as Angles of Colonization for the East Riding Wolds in the seasons 1962 to 1964.It is suggested that most of the observed increase in leaf roll virus can be accounted for as additions to the virus content of the parent stock attributed to introduction by migrant alate aphids from ware potato areas.
A Note on Two Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn from Wheat
Authors: Elnur E. , Chesters C. G. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo Strains of Rhizoctonia solani which were distinctly different in their morphological characters and their pathogenicity were isolated from wheat and wheat stubble. Isolate 1 had broad hyphae with large brown sclerotia usually produced on the aerial mycelium. Isolate 2 had narrow hyphae with small white sclerotia on potato dextrose agar and malt agar, but brown‐black sclerotia on oatmeal agar. It had a slower growth rate and a lower optimum temperature than isolate 1.In glasshouse experiments, isolate 1 produced sharp eyespot symptoms on winter wheat ‘Cappelle Desprez’ and a severe foot rot of broad beans. Isolate 2 produced both sharp eyespot and root rots of winter wheat.
Small Doses of D‐D Soil Fumigant to Control Free‐living Nematodes Injurious to Sugar Beet
Authors: Whitehead A. G. , Tite D. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSmall doses of D‐D kill many free‐living nematodes in sandy soil and can significantly increase yields of sugar and barley grain. The fumigant can be placed during ploughing and its position indicated by drilling rows of winter wheat at intervals on the ploughed land. The rows of wheat act as markers in the spring and allow spring‐sown crops to be drilled in the fumigated bands of soil.
The Effect of Soil Fumigation on the Growth of Sugar Beet
Authors: Greet D. N. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn four trials in sandy soils where beet had previously grown poorly, only slight improvements in growth and yield were obtained after fumigating the soil with dichloropropene‐dichloropropane mixture or chloropicrin. Sugar yields from D‐D treated plots, however, tended to be depressed. Neither the needle nematode (Longidorus attenuatus) nor stubby root nematodes (Trichodorus spp.) were abundant at the four sites.
Junctions between Epidermal Cells as Sites of Appressorium Formation by Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Preece T. F. , Barnes G. , Bayley Jill M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYUsing a technique described, the majority of germinating conidia of Erysiphe polygoni on red clover leaves, and Peronospora parasitica on cauliflower leaves, were found to have formed appressoria in the junction areas between the anticlinal walls of adjoining epidermal cells.
A Note on the Occurrence of Watercore Breakdown in Apples during 1966
Authors: Sharples R. O. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe occurrence and appearance of early watercore breakdown in mature ‘Red Miller’ and ‘Miller's Seedling’ apple fruits is described. The incidence of the disorder was positively correlated with the potassium and magnesium status of the fruits and negatively correlated with the calcium content.I am indebted to Dr. J. C. Fidler of the Ditton Laboratory for aid in identifying this disorder and for permission to publish Plate IV; also to Mrs. S. Vinson of East Kent Packers Ltd. for bringing fruit with this disorder to our attention and for obtaining the samples of Red Miller apples.
The Overwintering of Aphids and Viruses on Sugar Beet Seed Crops in England, 1963‐1966
Authors: Heathcote G. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSamples of leaves and shoots from approximately one third of all English sugar beet seed crops were checked for infesting aphids in late May, June or early July, from 1963 to 1966. Sixty‐eight per cent of all samples contained no aphids, 25 per cent were infested, if lightly, with Aphis fabae and seven per cent with Myzus persicae. M. persicae, the main vector of beet viruses, overwintered on beet seed crops in appreciable numbers only in Kent in 1966; these infested crops were sprayed with insecticide once the aphids were discovered.Sugar beet seed crops in Britain are small and widely scattered, and so they represent a considerable hazard to the sugar beet root crop if they are diseased, although only about 3,000 acres are grown. Producers of sugar beet seed take adequate precautions to prevent virus disease from spreading, but should be encouraged to grow these crops away from sugar beet root crops.