bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of social factors responsible for Juvenile delinquency – A literature review
Authors: Abhishek R , Balamurugan J 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Juvenile delinquency appears to be the most widespread social issue in comparison to other social issues. Social factors and conditions have a significant impact on the prevalence of delinquency. Individuals who engage in criminal behavior before reaching the age of 18 are commonly referred to as juvenile offenders. The aim of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the research and work carried out on juvenile offenders, with a specific focus on the critical role played by social factors in all facets of juvenile delinquency. Additionally, this research seeks to investigate the social roots and influences that contribute to the criminal behavior of young offenders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This article uses a literature review methodology to analyze research on social factors influencing juvenile delinquency. It synthesizes and evaluates prior findings to understand the complex interplay between social factors and young individuals’ involvement in delinquent behaviors. The study analyzed 80 articles from reputable online databases, focusing on juvenile delinquency, offenders, crime, and social factors. Out of the 80 articles, 53 were cited, meeting inclusion criteria, including publication within 2000–2023, rigorous peer-review, and reputable database indexing.

RESULTS:
As per the findings of the research, it has been observed that children who grow up in households that exhibit affection, hospitality, and encouragement are comparatively less susceptible to the manifestation of societal maladies. Children who have experienced parental abandonment are at heightened risk of developing delinquent behaviors.

CONCLUSION:
The presence of negative family dynamics and associations with delinquent peers are widely recognized as significant contributors to the development of drug abuse behavior. It is imperative for policymakers and preventive initiatives to have a comprehensive understanding of this complex relationship. Therefore, this literature review presented a distinct overview of the influence of social factors on juvenile offenders in India.
Efficacy of Google Form–based MCQ tests for formative assessment in medical biochemistry education
Authors: Panchbudhe Sanjyoti , Shaikh Simran , Swami Hanmant , Kadam Charushila Y. , Padalkar Ramchandra , Shivkar Rajni R. , Gulavani Gouri , Gulajkar Supriya , Gawade Shubhangi , Mujawar Farheen 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Biochemistry, being a vast and complex subject, can be challenging for Phase I MBBS students to comprehend and retain. Embracing rapidly evolving technology can facilitate a more accessible learning experience. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of using Google Form–based multiple-choice question (MCQ) tests as a formative assessment tool after each biochemistry lecture series. The aim was to assess the improvement and gather feedback of Phase I MBBS students on the utility of this assessment tool.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This educational prospective longitudinal study was conducted by the Department of Biochemistry at a university-affiliated medical college and tertiary care hospital. The study included 150 Phase I MBBS students as participants. Google Form–based MCQ tests were implemented as educational interventions after each lecture series during the study period. The study compared the internal assessment (IA) MCQ marks of students before and after the implementation of the intervention. In addition, feedback questionnaires were collected from the students.

RESULTS:
There was a significant improvement in students’ scores between the first IA (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 8.16 ± 3.08) and second IA (mean ± SD, 17.64 ± 2.02) (P < 0.0001). According to students’ feedback, 149 out of 150 (99.3%) students found the use of Google Form–based MCQ tests as a formative assessment tool in the teaching–learning process to be highly beneficial and motivated them to engage in their biochemistry studies.

CONCLUSION:
With the shift toward competency-based medical education (CBME) in India, it is crucial for educators to embrace novel teaching–learning and evaluation approaches. Our study highlighted the efficacy of employing Google Form–based MCQ tests in enhancing students’ comprehension of the biochemistry subject, evaluating their scores and improving the overall quality of learning. Through this mode of assessment, teachers were able to provide targeted feedback on areas that required improvement, thereby enhancing the learning experience.
Role of Personality Traits in Adherence to COVID 19 Precautions among Outpatient Department Patients in Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Delhi – A Cross sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Radhika , Mohanty Vikrant , Balappanavar Aswini Y. , Chahar Puneet , Rijhwani Kavita , Bhatia Sonal 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Due to the high transmissibility of COVID-19, the government has implemented certain precautionary measures aimed at flattening the curve of infection and limiting the spread of the disease. Personality traits of an individual have been found as one of the main determinants that might affect adherence to preventive personal practices.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the role of personality traits in adherence to COVID-19 precautions among the patients attending outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care dental hospital in Delhi.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 participants aged 15–70 years attending the OPD of a public sector tertiary care dental hospital in New Delhi. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to collect the data for 2 months’ period. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to record demographic variables, COVID-19-related status, personality traits (using 20-item Mini-International Personality Item Pool), and self-reported adherence to COVID-19 precautions. The association between personality traits with precautionary behaviors and demographic factors was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman correlation.

Results:
Of the 400 participants, 193 were male and 207 female. Participants belonging to the 20–34 years of age group (44.3%), high income (<99,931 INR, 51.3%), and professionals-semiprofessional’s occupation (9%) were more adherent to COVID-19 precautions. A significant association was found between personality traits with education status (agreeableness, P = 0.017 and imaginative, P = 0.007) and gender (neuroticism, P = 0.03). Regarding the potential influence of Big Five personality traits, only conscientiousness shows a statistically significant association with adherence to COVID-19 precautions (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that only personality factors such as conscientiousness and demographic variables such as age, income, and occupation are directly associated with greater adherence to COVID-19 precautions.
Assessment of Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status in Institutionalized Elderly Goan Population: A Descriptive, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Loveleen , Aras Meena Ajay , Chitre Vidya , Nagarsekar Aradhana , Mascarenhas Kennedy , Ferreira Amanda Nadia , Da Costa Fhelen , Gaunkar Ridhima Birmani 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The geriatric population is continuously at risk for nutritional deficiency and malnutrition, especially in developing countries like India. The aim of this study was to determine if the oral health-related quality of life is associated with malnutrition among the institutionalized elderly Goan population.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the institutionalized elderly in Goa. The elderly was assessed by a 12-item Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using the SPSS version 21.

Results:
There were 102 elderly participants, of which 60.8% were females. The majority of study subjects (83%) were between the age group of 65 and 74 years. Among the assessed subjects, nearly 55.9% of them had a total score of GOHAI between 12 and 57 which was categorized as “needed dental care.” As per MNA, 32.4% had adequate nutrition, 65.7% were at risk of malnutrition, and the remaining 2% of subjects were malnourished. There was a significant correlation between GOHAI and MNA scores.

Conclusion:
In the elderly, nutritional status played a significant role in the oral health quality of life. The geriatric denture population is particularly vulnerable to compromised nutritional health.
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhat Padma K. , Mohandas Nayana , Jayachandra MY , Rangan Vinod 
Published: March 2024

Background:Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis have been shown to have a high rate of transformation to oral cancer. Although many studies have already been done on the risk factors of OPMDs and oral cancer, there are only a few literature on oral health status of patients suffering from OPMDs in Indian scenario.Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of patients with OPMDs.Methodology:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Department of Oncology, Rajarajeswhwari Medical college and hospital and Outpatient Department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital in Bengaluru after obtaining required permission from the concerned authorities and due ethical clearance. Clinical examination was conducted using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults, 2013.Results:Majority of the participants were males, with an age range of 21–75 years, and majority were suffering from leukoplakia (49.9%). Decayed, missing, and filled tooth component was statistically significant (P< 0.05) when comparing mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth scores between age, gender, and socioeconomic status. The highest CPI score (score of 2) was found highest in participants (32.47%) with leukoplakia. Regarding the treatment needs, about 94.5% of the participants needed prompt treatment (including scaling).Conclusion:Results revealed that the oral health status of participants with OPMD was average. The CPI score (periodontal status) was high in most participants with OPMD, with the maximum score of 2 found in a large number of participants.
Factors Determining Publication in a Journal: A Questionnaire Study among Dentists of Odisha
Authors: Nanda Jagruti , Satyarup Dharmashree , Panigrahi Priyanca 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Research activities have increased manifold due to the importance of scientific publication in advancing an academic career. Researchers find it strenuous to choose journals due to the availability of a higher number of scientific journals.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the various journal factors that affect its selection to publish research work and the motivating factors involved in it.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 219 dental professionals that included dental faculties, postgraduate students, and private dental practitioners of Odisha, through a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms consisting of 15 items. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis with a level of significance set at 0.05.

Results:
Respondents were predominantly dental faculty (53%). Factors influencing journal selection were citation of the journal (89.4%), followed by impact factor and indexing of the journal. Less than half (42.4%) agreed to pay the publishing charges. It was observed that PubMed indexing was preferred, followed by Scopus. The reason to publish was different for faculty and postgraduate students.

Conclusions:
Researchers consider various factors before publishing in a journal with the intent of discoverability and recognition. The study revealed that indexing of journals and impact factor as important aspects of choosing a journal for publication.
Effect of Sterilization on Different Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs Probe Ball Dimension: An Analytical Study
Authors: Medha Vaidhya , Nagappa Karibasappa Gundabaktha , Ankita Vidhate , Kulkarni Shriram Gururaj , Bharatesh J. V. , Yogita Vaidhya 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Quantification of disease is an important procedure for an appropriate planning. Periodontal pocket determination helps to measure the extent and severity of periodontal disease. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) periodontal probe and its ball dimension are very important in true estimation of disease.

Methodology:
Probe 1, Probe 2, and Probe 3 ball dimensions were measured from baseline after subjecting to autoclaving, microwave, and Korsolex sterilization. Rapid I Vision Measuring System was used to measure the ball dimension. The CPITN probe ball dimensions were measured at baseline, 10th, 20th, and 40th cycles of different sterilization methods.

Results:
CPITN ball dimension of different brands did not meet the World Health Organization specifications before the start of the study, and there was a linear and gradual reduction in ball dimension of all the probes after each cycle of sterilization. There was a reduction in the dimensions after the 20th cycle of sterilization. Probe 1 had better dimensional stability, and Korsolex solution had the least effect on ball dimension in all the probes.

Conclusion:
CPITN probe should be discontinued after the 40th cycle of sterilization in order to avoid inaccurate diagnosis, and in field surveys, Korsolex solution could be recommended to increase the longevity of the probe.
Association of spiritual well-being with quality of life among undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Shahid Ahmad , Hussain Hina , Shuaib Nazia , Rasool Ahmad , Younis Fatima , Nasab Zoya 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
The study was conducted with the aim of determining the spiritual well-being (SWB) of nursing students and its association with quality of life (QOL).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with a sample size of 504 nursing students collected from January 2023 to March 2023 in the nursing institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, using convenient sampling techniques. A Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) questionnaire for SWB and K-27 QOL (K-27 QOL) instrument were used for data collection that contains three parts.

Results:
The number of female participants was in the majority (50.4%) compared to male nurses (49.6%). The overall mean score of SWB of the students was 3.79 ± 0.48, while the mean K-27 QOL score was 3.73 ± 0.57. There were significant differences between the groups of gender (P = 0.001), while no significant difference within the groups of semester (P = 0.061) and college status (0.285). In QOL, there were significant differences within the groups of semester (P = 0.000) and college status (P = 0.036) while no significant difference in gender category (P = 0.480). SHALOM score is positively and moderately correlated with QOL score (r = 0.597, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Spiritual practices are one of the important factors that are associated positively with QOL, therefore to enhance the QOL, it will require spiritual practices.
Vasoactive-ventilation-renal (VVR) score: A potential tool for predicting early postoperative outcomes in adult mitral valve surgery
Authors: Kiran K. S. Ram , Parikh Nirav , Venuthurupalli Rajesh S. P. , Haranal Maruti , Pandya Himani , Kapoor Anuj , Patel Kaushal P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Vasoactive-ventilation-renal (VVR) score has been validated in predicting postoperative outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery. The aim was to evaluate its potential in predicting early postoperative outcomes in adult patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.

Material and Methods:
A single-center prospective observational study involved 100 patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. We evaluated preoperative variables (Ambler score), VVR, and vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and then at 12, 24, and 48 hrs postoperatively. Outcomes assessed were length of stay in ICU (LOS-ICU), length of hospital stay (LOHS), and mortality. The data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and areas under curve (AUC).

Conclusion:
Our study showed the potential utility of the VVR score as a powerful tool for predicting early outcomes after mitral valve surgery, with VVR at 48 hrs having superior predictive capability.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Brucellosis among the Rural Population in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ghugey Satish L , Deshmukh Jyotsna S , Ghugey Apurva V , Chaudhari Sandeep P , Ghugey Abhinav V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Brucellosis is a disease that can have severe consequences for both humans and animals, resulting in considerable economic losses due to its impact on human health and animal productivity. To prevent the transmission of this disease from animals to humans, it is essential to improve the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). This study aimed to evaluate the KAP and associated risk factors for human brucellosis among rural populations in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Materials and Methods:
Using closed-ended questionnaires, a cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data on demographics and risk exposure variables from 382 participants. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographic features and KAP

Results:
78.5% were male, and 21.5% were female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 90 years, and 92.1% were married. Only 4.5% of respondents had heard of brucellosis, 21.5% consumed unpasteurized milk, 3.9% used protective gloves while assisting during calving, and 15.4% milked the animal. Furthermore, 21.2% buried animal birth products, 10.9% burned animal birth products, and 13.6% threw animal birth products in the dustbin. Overall, the respondents’ attitude was average to poor

Conclusion:
This study revealed that the rural population has poor knowledge and high-risk self-reported practices and behaviors for brucellosis. Therefore, enhancing public health education and local organizational involvement is imperative to increase the community’s capacity to prevent brucellosis as an integral part of the National Control Program on Brucellosis in India.
Knowledge and Preparedness of Dentists in Response to Bioterrorism
Authors: Chaitanya Nallan CSK , Chelluri Shreya Reddy , Saba Asra , Priya Sivan Padma , Hashim Nada Tawfig , Shetty Shishir Ram , Padmanabhan Vivek , Shaga Pranathi , Pulluri Saraswathi Sravani , Bahra Shadi El 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In the current climate of heightened terrorist activity, the deliberate release or threat of biological agents like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or their toxins to induce sickness or death among civilians has become a genuine possibility. The most crucial action during a bioterrorist strike is early warning. The possibility of such an occurrence in dental setting is underestimated.

Methods and Materials:
Seventy five graduate students participated in the research. In a survey on zoonotic diseases, participants were asked whether they were familiar with the transmission from person to person, if the diseases caused significant morbidity and mortality, whether they were simple to produce and disseminate, and whether they posed a high risk of infection.

Results:
Graph Prism was used to examine the data. A single proportion test was used to determine the “Aware Not Aware” group. The first 10 questions assessed dentists objective knowledge of bioterrorism. The importance of the last six questions was determined by their analysis of dentists’ preparedness and desire to respond to a bioterrorism associated occurrence via perceived knowledge.

Conclusion:
Given the real danger they may face, dentists needed to be vigilant regarding the prevention, detection, and treatment of zoonotic illnesses transmitted in their offices or as a vector while being commended for their courage in the face of adversity.
Artificial intelligence in pharmacovigilance – Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Desai Mira Kirankumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a data-driven process to identify medicine safety issues at the earliest by processing suspected adverse event (AE) reports and extraction of health data. The PV case processing cycle starts with data collection, data entry, initial checking completeness and validity, coding, medical assessment for causality, expectedness, severity, and seriousness, subsequently submitting report, quality checking followed by data storage and maintenance. This requires a workforce and technical expertise and therefore, is expensive and time-consuming. There has been exponential growth in the number of suspected AE reports in the PV database due to smart collection and reporting of individual case safety reports, widening the base by increased awareness and participation by health-care professionals and patients. Processing of the enormous volume and variety of data, making its sensible use and separating “needles from haystack,” is a challenge for key stakeholders such as pharmaceutical firms, regulatory authorities, medical and PV experts, and National Pharmacovigilance Program managers. Artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has been very impressive in specialties that rely heavily on the interpretation of medical images. Similarly, there has been a growing interest to adopt AI tools to complement and automate the PV process. The advanced technology can certainly complement the routine, repetitive, manual task of case processing, and boost efficiency; however, its implementation across the PV lifecycle and practical impact raises several questions and challenges. Full automation of PV system is a double-edged sword and needs to consider two aspects – people and processes. The focus should be a collaborative approach of technical expertise (people) combined with intelligent technology (processes) to augment human talent that meets the objective of the PV system and benefit all stakeholders. AI technology should enhance human intelligence rather than substitute human experts. What is important is to emphasize and ensure that AI brings more benefits to PV rather than challenges. This review describes the benefits and the outstanding scientific, technological, and policy issues, and the maturity of AI tools for full automation in the context to the Indian health-care system.