bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of spousal homicide perpetrators: a study of all cases of spousal homicide in Sweden 1990–1999
Authors: Belfrage Henrik , Rying Mikael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn Sweden 20 000 cases of assault against women are reported to the police every year.MethodAll data on the perpetrators of spousal homicide in Sweden between 1990 and 1999 were investigated (n = 164). A control group of all other perpetrators of homicide in Sweden during the same period, i.e. cases of homicide not committed in the context of spouse violence (n = 690) was used. All verdicts, as well as all material in the police investigations, including interviews with all of the police investigators, were analysed. Copies of police examinations of the suspects, and forensic reports from the autopsies, were also examined. Data on all registered criminality were collected from the National Police Register, and in cases where the perpetrators had been subject to forensic psychiatric examinations, those reports were obtained from the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine. In addition, the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version scores were rated from the forensic psychiatric examinations.ResultsThere was a four times higher suicide rate among the spousal homicide perpetrators (24%, n = 40) compared with the perpetrators in the control‐group (6%, n = 39, chi‐squared = 55,42df = 1 , p < 0.001). Consequently, suicidal ideation must be considered as an important risk factor for spousal homicide. In 79% of the cases the spousal homicide perpetrators were subject to forensic psychiatric examinations. All except 5% were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric diagnosis, and 34% were sentenced to forensic psychiatric treatment. If it is assumed that the psychiatric morbidity was high in the 24% of the perpetrators who committed suicide, then 80% of all perpetrators of spouse homicide during the study period can be characterized as mentally disordered. ‘Psychopathic’ perpetrators, who generally are over‐represented in most violent criminality, were comparatively uncommon. Only seven (4%) in the study group met the diagnostic criteria for psychopathy as measured with the PCL:SV.DiscussionThe group of spouse killers studied here fits the dysphoric/borderline group of spouse assaulters. This is a group that may benefit from treatment. Perhaps police officers could help identify this kind of spouse assaulter before a fatality occurs. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Dimensions of personality disorders in offenders
Authors: Ullrich Simone , Marneros Andreas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundOwing to criticisms of current concepts of personality disorders such as high comorbidity, criteria overlap and arbitrary thresholds of categorical diagnoses, a dimensional assessment is proposed that considers interrelations between different personality disorders. Results of previous factor analyses using dimensional personality disorder scores have indicated that one underlying dimension shows strong similarities to the concept of psychopathy and is similarly related to criminal recidivism.AimThe authors examined the underlying dimensions of ICD‐10 personality disorders, to analyse their association with criminal behaviour in general, and with specific criminal history variables.MethodStudy samples included 105 offenders and 80 non‐criminal controls. Personality disorders were measured using a clinical structured interview (IPDE), measures of personality using self‐report (NEO‐FFI, IPC, HDHQ), and criminal history variables obtained from court records.ResultsThree underlying personality disorder factors could be identified, which showed identical structures in both the forensic and the non‐forensic sample. Factor 1 comprised emotionally unstable, histrionic, paranoid and dissocial traits and showed strong similarity to the construct of psychopathy. Factor 2 was defined by anankastic personality disorder scores and an inverse relation to schizoid personality features. Factor 3 showed high negative loadings of anxious and dependent personality disorders. Self‐report measures of personality and criminal history variables yielded different associations with the three PD dimensions. Offenders with high scores on factor 1 were highly aggressive, violent and impulsive.ConclusionsThe findings generally replicated previous analyses using DSM‐III personality disorder scores. Differences can be explained by the different constructs of personality disorders included in ICD‐10. Although a diagnosis of psychopathy is not currently included in these diagnostic systems, the authors' findings indicate that a highly inter‐related pattern of personality disorder scores constitutes psychopathic personality disorder and can be used to identify impulsive, hostile and violent offenders. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Juvenile sexual delinquents: contrasting child abusers with peer abusers
Authors: Hendriks J. , Bijleveld C.C.J.H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing concern regarding juvenile sex offenders, and concomitant interest in a more scientific database which could help direct management and treatment resources.AimsTo investigate whether juveniles who sexually offend against children (or those at least five years younger than themselves) differ from those who sexually assault their peers or older victims.MethodThe study is based on data from psychological screenings conducted for the juvenile courts in the Netherlands.ResultsAs hypothesized, juvenile child molesters scored higher on neuroticism, had experienced more social problems, and had been bullied more often at school than their peers who sexually assaulted same‐age or older victims. Child molesters also reported a more negative self‐image. When referred for screening, they were younger but had committed more sex offences, more often against males than females.ConclusionsThe results were suggestive of greater need for psychological interventions in the child molester group, although in both groups substantial minorities had had experience of early childhood deprivation or abuse. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Mental health outcomes of adjudicated males and females: the aftermath of juvenile delinquency and problem behaviour
Authors: Corneau Mélanie , Lanctôt Nadine 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundEmpirical evidence indicates that the rates of mental health problems and disorders are relatively high among adjudicated youths, especially females, yet few longitudinal studies have focused on gender differences regarding their mental health outcomes as adults.AimsThe present study was designed to assess the prevalence rates of self‐reported suicide attempts and psychological help‐seeking in young adults adjudicated for antisocial behaviours in adolescence. This study also assessed gender differences in the prevalence rates of mental health problems and disorders reported by participants.MethodsStructured interviews assessing personal and social adaptation were conducted on three occasions with 292 adjudicated male and 113 female youths (mean age 15 years on the first occasion). Data from the third testing wave (mean age 23.51 at T3) provide information on their mental health outcomes in adulthood.ResultsResults indicate that in individuals with a history of juvenile delinquency and/or problem behaviour over 10% of the males and 20% of the females reported suicide attempts, and one‐fifth and one‐third respectively reported psychological consultation. Similar and lower proportions reported psychiatric hospitalization and/or drug addiction programme/therapy at the beginning of adulthood.Implications for practiceThe present study suggests that these youths may need more mental health directed interventions in their assessment rehabilitation programmes. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Personality disorders in a Dutch forensic psychiatric sample: changes with treatment
Authors: Greeven Peter G.J. , Ruiter Corine De 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the effectiveness of treatment for personality disorder (PD) is mixed, and there are very few data at all on outcomes for offender patients with PD. In the Netherlands there is nevertheless commitment to treating such people in specialized forensic psychiatric hospitals.Aims/hypothesesThe main aim was to determine the extent to which, if at all, patients detained under the Dutch TBS provision in the Dr Henri Van der Hoeven Hospital changed during inpatient treatment.MethodsThe study followed a naturalistic design. On admission, the Structured Interview for DSM Personality Disorders (SIDP‐R) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire‐Revised (PDQ‐R) were used to assess DSM axis‐II personality disorder pathology. After two years of intensive treatment they were reassessed using self‐report questionnaires.ResultsFifty‐nine patients (54 men and five women) completed both ratings. At follow‐up, group mean indicated a significant reduction in personality disorder pathology as measured by the PDQ‐R. Analysis of changes in individual subjects according to a method described by Jacobson and Truax (1991) showed that almost 40% improved reliably (by more than two standard deviations) and more than one quarter of the sample improved to a reliable and clinically significant extent in personality disorder features.Conclusions and clinical implicationsThe findings of the study are encouraging in terms of reduction of personality disorder psychopathology. Limitations to the study design are acknowledged. Further, it is not known whether this change constitutes substantial reorganization of personality, or whether it reflects a change at a more superficial level. Further follow‐up of the patients is necessary to investigate whether the positive changes remain after release from hospital. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
On the determination of empirical absolute chiral structure: Chiroptical spectrum correlations for D3 lanthanide (III) complexes
Authors: Gawryszewska P. , Legendziewicz J. , Ciunik Z. , Esfandiari N. , Muller G. , Piguet C. , Cantuel M. , Riehl J.P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from selected transitions of Eu(III) in resolved single crystals of Na3[Eu(ODA)3]·2NaClO4·6H2O are compared to CPL results obtained from solutions containing perturbed racemic mixtures of Eu(2,6‐pyridine‐dicarboxylate)33− and enantiomerically pure d‐f helicate ΛΛ‐(−)EuCr(L8)3] in order to determine an empirical relationship between helicity and CPL spectra. Comparison of the CPL results, even for the magnetic dipole allowed transitions of Eu(III) where one measures large chiral discrimination, shows that the signs and magnitudes do not correlate with the overall helicity of the Eu(III) site. It is concluded that the symmetry of the Eu(III) site in ΛΛ‐(−)EuCr(L8)3 is not close enough to D3 to allow for the confirmation of the presumed spectra:structure correlation. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photo‐ionization spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of some molecular and supramolecular asymmetric systems in the isolated state
Authors: Giardini Anna , Paladini Alessandra , Catone Daniele , Piccirillo Susanna , Rondino Flaminia , Satta Mauro , Filippi Antonello , Speranza Maurizio , Turchini Stefano , Zema Nicola 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAsymmetric molecular and supramolecular systems are characterized by: i. the circular dicroism in the angular distribution of valence photoelectrons emitted from randomly oriented chiral molecules by their interaction with circularly polarized VUV light; ii. the different stability and reactivity of diastereomeric aggregates. Both these aspects may have some relationship with the “chiral enrichment mechanism” of chirogenesis, based on the preferential destruction of one enantiomer of a racemate by interaction with a chiral agent, whether a massive species or a circularly polarized photon. The most recent spectroscopic and mass spectrometric studies on this topic are reported in the present mini‐review. Chirality 18:562–568, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vesicular glutamate (VGlut), GABA (VGAT), and acetylcholine (VACht) transporters in basal forebrain axon terminals innervating the lateral hypothalamus
Authors: Henny Pablo , Jones Barbara E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe basal forebrain (BF) is known to play important roles in cortical activation and sleep, which are likely mediated by chemically differentiated cell groups including cholinergic, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and other unidentified neurons. One important target of these cells is the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which is critical for arousal and the maintenance of wakefulness. To determine whether chemically specific BF neurons provide an innervation to the LH, we employed anterograde transport of 10,000 MW biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) together with immunohistochemical staining of the vesicular transporter proteins (VTPs) for glutamate (VGluT1, ‐2, and ‐3), GABA (VGAT), or acetylcholine (ACh, VAChT). In addition, we applied triple staining for the postsynaptic proteins (PSPs), PSD‐95 with VGluT or Gephyrin (Geph) with VGAT, to examine whether the BDA‐labeled varicosities may form excitatory or inhibitory synapses in the LH. Axons originating from BDA‐labeled neurons in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO) and substantia innominata (SI) descended within the medial forebrain bundle and extended collateral varicose fibers to contact LH neurons. In the LH, the BDA‐labeled varicosities were immunopositive (+) for VAChT (∼10%), VGluT2 (∼25%), or VGAT (∼50%), revealing an important influence of newly identified glutamatergic together with GABAergic BF inputs. Moreover, in confocal microscopy, VGluT2+ and VGAT+ terminals were apposed to PSD‐95+ and Geph+ profiles respectively, indicating that they formed synaptic contacts with LH neurons. The important inputs from glutamatergic and GABAergic BF cells could thus regulate LH neurons in an opposing manner to stimulate vs. suppress cortical activation and behavioral arousal reciprocally. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:453–467, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of callosal topography in visual cortex of normal and enucleated rats
Authors: Olavarria Jaime F. , Safaeian Pegah 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn normal rats callosal projections in striate cortex connect retinotopically corresponding, nonmirror‐symmetric cortical loci, whereas in rats bilaterally enucleated at birth, callosal fibers connect topographically mismatched, mirror‐symmetric loci. Moreover, retina input specifies the topography of callosal projections by postnatal day (P)6. To investigate whether retinal input guides development of callosal maps by promoting either the corrective pruning of exuberant axon branches or the specific ingrowth and elaboration of axon branches at topographically correct places, we studied the topography of emerging callosal connections at and immediately after P6. After restricted intracortical injections of anterogradely and retrogradely transported tracers we observed that the normal, nonmirror‐symmetric callosal map, as well as the anomalous, mirror‐symmetric map observed in neonatally enucleated animals, are present by P6–7, just as collateral branches of simple architecture emerge from their parental axons and grow into superficial cortical layers. Our results therefore do not support the idea that retinal input guides callosal map formation by primarily promoting the large‐scale elimination of long, nontopographic branches and arbors. Instead, they suggest that retinal input specifies the sites on the parental axons from which interstitial branches will grow to invade middle and upper cortical layers, thereby ensuring that the location of invading interstitial branches is accurately related to the topographical location of the soma that gives rise to the parental axon. Moreover, our results from enucleated rats suggest that the cues that determine the mirror‐symmetric callosal map exert only a weak control on the topography of fiber ingrowth. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:495–512, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of pontocerebellar projections to identified climbing fiber zones in the rat
Authors: Pijpers Angelique , Ruigrok Tom J.H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe organization of pontocerebellar projections to the paravermis and hemisphere of the posterior cerebellum of the rat was studied in relation to the organization of climbing fibers. Small injections of cholera toxin subunit B were placed in the cerebellar cortex at locations predetermined by evoked climbing fiber potentials from selected body parts or based on coordinates. The injection site was characterized with respect to the zebrin pattern and by the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons in the inferior olive. The following zones were studied: hindlimb‐related zones C1 and C2 of lobule VIII; forelimb‐related zones C1, C2, and D0/D1 of the paramedian lobule; and face‐related zones A2 of the paramedian lobule and C2 and D0 of crus 2B. The results show that the distribution of pontine neurons is closely related to the climbing fiber somatotopy. Injections centered on face‐related zones result in distribution of pontine neurons within the pontine core region. Forelimb regions surround this core, whereas hindlimb regions are mostly supplied by caudal pontine regions and by a single patch of more rostrally located neurons. This distribution fits well with published data on the somatotopy of the corticopontine projection from the rat primary somatosensory cortex. However, apart from differences in the participation of ipsilaterally projecting cells, the distribution of pontine neurons does not change significantly when the injection covers different zones of the same lobule such as C1 and C2 of lobule VIII; C1, C2, and D0/D1 of the paramedian lobule; A2 of the paramedian lobule; and C2 and D0 of crus 2B. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:513–528, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of diabetic retinopathy in SDT rats
Authors: Kakehashi Akihiro , Saito Yuka , Mori Kana , Sugi Norito , Ono Ryuichiro , Yamagami Hiroko , Shinohara Masami , Tamemoto Hiroyuki , Ishikawa San‐e , Kawakami Masanobu , Kanazawa Yasunori 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported a new diabetic strain of the Sprague‐Dawley rat, named the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat. The purpose of the present study was to report the histologic and ultrastructural characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a new animal model, the SDT rat.MethodsFifty‐three eyes of 43 SDT rats of various ages (35–82 weeks) were examined, of which 33 underwent histopathologic examination, 15 eyes fluorescein‐dextran microscopy, and five eyes the trypsin digestion method.ResultsOf the 33 eyes examined histopathologically, DR was identified in 20 eyes (61%). Large retinal folds mimicking diabetic tractional retinal detachment were observed in 20 eyes (61%). Retinal hemorrhages were seen in four eyes (12%). A neovascular fibrous membrane around the iris developed in five eyes (15%), of which two eyes had a massive anterior chamber hemorrhage. Of the 15 eyes examined by fluorescein‐dextran microscopy, an area of nonperfusion and/or extensive hyperfluorescence was observed in 12 eyes (80%). Of the five eyes examined using the trypsin digestion method, acellular capillaries and pericyte loss were observed in four eyes (80%). Of the 53 eyes, the previously mentioned retinal changes of DR were observed in 36 eyes (68%). The rats with DR (49–82 weeks; mean, 60 weeks) were older than the rats without DR (35–55 weeks; mean, 40 weeks) (p < 0.001).ConclusionLarge retinal folds mimicking tractional retinal detachment with extensive leakage of fluorescein around the optic disk was the most prominent finding of DR in SDT rats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium and Hafnium Aryloxide Compounds and Their Reactivity Towards Lactide and ϵ‐Caprolactone Polymerization
Authors: Hsieh Kun‐Chun , Lee Wen‐Yi , Hsueh Li‐Feng , Lee Hon Man , Huang Jui‐Hsien 
Published: March 2006

AbstractReactions of 2 equiv. pyrrole with [C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2M(NEt2)2 in toluene generated tetra‐pyrrolyl metal compounds [C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2M(C4H4N)2 (3, M = Zr; 4, M = Hf) in moderate yields. Similarly, treatment of metal amides [C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2M(NEt2)2 with 2,6‐dimethylphenol or 2,6‐diisopropylphenol in heptane resulted in the elimination of diethylamine along with the formation of the corresponding metal alkoxides [C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2M(OR)2 (5, M = Zr, R = C6H3‐2,6‐Me2; 6, M = Hf, R = C6H3‐2,6‐Me2; 7, M = Zr, R = C6H3‐2,6‐iPr2; 8, M = Hf, R = C6H3‐2,6‐iPr2) in moderate yields. All the new compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the structures of 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 have also been determined by X‐ray crystallographic studies. The aryloxides and the substituted pyrrolyl ligands in both compounds 5 and 6 show fluxionality as observed by 1H NMR signals. A kinetic study on the ring‐opening polymerization of lactide exhibits a first‐order reaction of lactide monomer with compound 8. The catalytic properties of all the metal complexes have been studied for the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Luminescence Modulation of a Terbium Complex with Anions and Its Application as a Reagent
Authors: Zhang Dengqing , Shi Mei , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Fuyou , Yi Tao , Huang Chunhui 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA terbium complex Tb(PMIP)3(PhCN), namely tris(1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐isobutyl‐5‐pyrazolone)‐terbium‐(pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile), was synthesized as a reagent for anions. Compared with Tb(PMIP)3(H2O)2, the fluorescent quantum yield of Tb(PMIP)3(PhCN) was reduced because the triplet energy level of PhCN (20920 cm–1)is a little higher than that of 5D4 of Tb3+ (20400 cm–1) and lower than that of PMIP (23000 cm–1). This resulted in a back‐energy transfer from Tb3+ to PhCN. Interestingly, the photoluminescent properties of Tb(PMIP)3(PhCN) drastically depend on the nature of the anions added into the solution. When apropos equivalents of fluoride (or acetate) anions were added into the CH3CN solution of Tb(PMIP)3(PhCN), the replacement of PhCN with fluoride (or acetate) anions took place and the above back‐energy transfer was prohibited, which resulted in a fluorescence enhancement of the terbium complex. After excessive equivalents of fluoride (or acetate) anions were added, the replacement of PMIP with fluoride (or acetate) anions prohibited the ligand PMIP sensitized energy transfer of the terbium complex, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of the system. However, in the aqueous solution, the terbium complex shows a remarkable selectivity of fluoride anions over the other anions. As a reagent, its sensitivity is about 10–8 mol·L–1 for the fluoride anions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Coordination Polymer Containing Inorganic Buckybowl Analogues
Authors: Wu Tao , Chen Miao , Li Dan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo photoluminescent coordination polymers, {[Cu10(μ3‐Mtta)3(μ4‐Mtta)7]·2H2O}n (1), containing 2‐D wavy motifs with inorganic buckybowl analogues, and [Cu5(μ3‐Mtta)2(μ4‐Mtta)3(NH3)2]n (2, Mtta = 5‐methyl tetrazolate), were obtained by the control of solvents and auxiliary complexing agent. The ligand Mtta is a likely candidate for the construction of metal‐organic, fullerene‐like molecules. The luminescent properties of 1 and 2 are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)