bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated MRI analysis for identification of hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Halford Jonathan J. , Rorden Chris , Roberts Donna R. , Rumboldt Zoran , Eckert Mark A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryBackground: Hippocampal sclerosis is frequently associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA), which is often observed on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Manual morphometry of the hippocampus is sensitive to detecting HA, but is time‐consuming and prone to operator error. Automated MRI morphometry has the potential to provide rapid and accurate assistance in the clinical detection of HA.Methods: We performed a voxel‐based morphometry analysis of 23 consecutive subjects with MTLE and 58 matched controls. Images from randomly selected 34 controls were used to create mean and standard deviation images of gray matter volume. Voxel‐wise standardized Z‐score hippocampal images from patients and the remaining 24 controls were cross‐checked with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate sensitivity versus one‐specificity rate for a binary classifier (atrophied versus normal hippocampi).Results: The ipsilateral hippocampi of patients with MTLE displayed a significantly lower mean Z‐score compared to the hippocampi of controls [F(2,67) = 33.014, p < 0.001, Tukey HSD < 0.001]. A classifier using the hippocampal gray matter Z‐scores to discriminate between atrophied and normal hippocampi yielded a fitted ROC = 97.3, traditionally considered an excellent discriminator, with a standard error of classification of 1.173 individuals if 100 patients and 100 controls are studied.Conclusion: Automatic morphometry can be potentially used as a clinical tool to assist the detection of HA in patients with MTLE. It can provide a quantifiable estimative of atrophy, which can aid in the decision about the presence of clinically relevant HA.
Growth dependence on insulin‐like growth factor‐1 during the ketogenic diet
Authors: Spulber Gabriela , Spulber Stefan , Hagenäs Lars , Åmark Per , Dahlin Maria 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPurpose:  To examine the influence of the ketogenic diet (KD) on linear growth and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) levels in children with pharmacotherapy‐resistant epilepsy.Methods:  A prospective study was designed to evaluate growth, serum IGF‐I levels, blood β‐hydroxybutyric acid (β‐OHB), and seizure frequency before and during KD in 22 children (median age 5.5 years). Growth was assessed by measurements of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and height velocity. Standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated for all measured parameters as well as for serum IGF‐I to eliminate the influence of age‐ and sex‐related differences among patients.Results:  Fourteen of the 22 patients responded to the KD. Weight, height, BMI, and height velocity decreased significantly during the KD. We found that the KD had profound influence on growth and IGF‐I levels. No correlation was found between seizure response and growth alterations. Height velocity correlated negatively with β‐OHB during the KD. The slope of the regression of height velocity against IGF‐I decreased significantly during the KD.Conclusions:  Height velocity was most affected in those with pronounced ketosis, which implies that, in clinical practice, the level of ketosis should be related to outcomes in seizure response and growth. Our data indicate that growth disturbances and the decreased sensitivity of growth to similar IGF‐I levels during KD are independent of seizure reduction. The metabolic status induced by KD may be the mechanism underlying both alterations of linear growth and seizure reduction.
Global Phosphorus Flows in the Industrial Economy From a Production Perspective
Authors: Villalba Gara , Liu Yi , Schroder Hans , Ayres Robert U. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryHuman activity has quadrupled the mobilization of phosphorus (P), a nonrenewable resource that is not fully recycled biologically or industrially. P is accumulated in both water and solid waste due to fertilizer application and industrial, agricultural, and animal P consumption. This paper characterizes the industrial flows, which, although smaller than the agricultural and animal flows, are an important phosphorus source contributing to the pollution of surface waters. We present the quantification of the network of flows as constrained by mass balances of the global annual metabolism of phosphorus, based on global consumption for 2004, all of which eventually ends up as waste and in the soil and water systems. We find that on a yearly basis, 18.9 million metric tons (MMT) of P is produced, of which close to 75% goes to fertilizer and the rest to industrial and others uses. Phosphoric acid is the precursor for many of the intermediate and end uses of phosphate compounds described in this study and accounts for almost 80% of all P consumed. Eventually, all of the P goes to waste: 18.5 MMT ends up in the soil as solid waste, and 1.32 MMT is emissions to air and water. Besides quantifying P flows through our economy, we also consider some possible measures that could be taken to increase the degree of recovery and optimization of this resource and others that are closely related, such as the recovery of sulfur from gypsum and wastewater (sludge), and fluorine from wet phosphoric acid production.
Sucrose Decreases Infant Biobehavioral Pain Response to Immunizations: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hatfield Linda A. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and age‐related changes in analgesia of oral sucrose as a preprocedural intervention during routine immunizations in infants at 2 and 4 months of age. Design: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of 40 healthy term infants scheduled to receive routine immunizations from a pediatric ambulatory care clinic during May 2005 to July 2005.
Methods: Infants received 24% oral sucrose solution or the control solution of sterile water 2 minutes before routine immunizations at both their 2‐ and 4‐month, well‐child visits. The University of Wisconsin Children's Hospital pain scale was used to measure serial acute behavioral pain responses at baseline, 2, and 5 minutes after administration of the solution. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine between‐group differences and within‐subject variability of the effects of treatment on overall behavioral pain scores.
Findings: Infants receiving oral sucrose (n=20) showed a significant reduction in behavioral pain response 5 minutes after administration compared to those in the placebo group (n=20). At 2 minutes following solution administration, both sucrose and sterile water showed the highest mean pain score (4.54 and 4.39 respectively) indicating a severe amount of pain. At 5 minutes, the sucrose group returned to near normal at 0.27 while the placebo group remained at 3.02 indicating a percentage difference in mean pain scores relative to sterile water pain scores of 90.9. No statistically significant age‐related change in behavioral pain response was noted between 2‐ and 4‐month‐old infants at 2 minutes and 5 minutes following treatment administration.
Conclusion: Sucrose is an effective preprocedural intervention for decreasing behavioral pain response in infants after immunizations.
Clinical Relevance: Efforts to decrease the pain associated with immunizations can promote parental adherence to recommended immunizations schedules, prevent a resurgence of vaccine‐preventable diseases and mitigate adverse neurologic outcomes in infants.
Responders and Nonresponders to a Walking Intervention for Sedentary Women
Authors: Nies Mary A. , Sun Yiyuan 
Published: August 2008

Purpose: Increasing evidence has indicated that people might be differentially influenced by intervention programs. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to identify groups of women who responded differently to a walking intervention. Data used in this secondary analysis were collected in a longitudinal study of a counseling intervention to increase walking among 248 initially sedentary women.
Method: A latent growth‐mixture modeling approach was used to assess treatment effects on growth in physical activity and mood over time. Subgroups of participants who were responsive versus those who were nonresponsive to intervention were also identified. Logistic‐regression analysis was conducted to confirm group membership and identify predictors associated with the identified subgroups.
Results: Two subgroups (responders, nonresponders) were identified separately for physical activity and mood. Using several variables as predictors of group memberships, 92%–95% of the cases were correctly classified. The current study indicated that predictors for group membership were associated with the outcome variables.
Conclusions: These findings indicated that optimal interventions should be tailored to not only the physical, psychosocial, and environmental variables of each woman, but also to outcome variables of interest to the woman.
Clinical Relevance: Nurses practicing in community and public health settings should determine physical activity interventions that are based on scientific findings and on outcomes that are important for the individual woman.
Living With Gynecologic Cancer: Experience of Women and Their Partners
Authors: Akyüz Aygül , Güvenç Gülten , Üstünsöz Ayfer , Kaya Tülay 
Published: August 2008

Purpose: To describe the experiences of Turkish women with gynecologic cancer and their partners.
Design and Methods: Qualitative research using a descriptive phenomenological approach.
Setting: Gynecologic oncology outpatient clinic of the Gulhane Military Medical Academy in Ankara, Turkey. Nineteen women with gynecologic cancer aged 43–70 years and 12 partners aged 46–73 years were recruited. Data were obtained through open‐ended and in‐depth, audio‐taped interviews which lasted approximately 35–45 minutes each.
Findings: Seven themes emerged from the participants' description of their experience: (a) experiences during the diagnosis period; (b) experiences during the treatment period; (c) the effect of cancer on family life; (d) changes in daily life; (e) coping methods and support sources; (f) the meaning of illness; and (g) experiencing the illness as a woman.
Conclusions: Receiving the diagnosis of gynecologic cancer was remembered as a very dramatic experience. The women and partners reported many physical and psychosocial difficulties relating to the treatment period. Healthcare professionals must understand and recognize cancer patients' and their partners' experiences to provide appropriate holistic care.
Clinical Relevance: Nurses can only provide effective and comprehensive nursing care to gynecologic cancer patients and their families if they fully understand the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual experiences in their lives.
The Meaning of Health Among Midlife Russian‐Speaking Women
Authors: Resick Lenore Kolljeski 
Published: August 2008

Purpose: To explore the meaning of health among midlife Russian‐speaking women from the former Soviet Union.
Design and Methodology: A hermeneutic phenomenological design was used. Study participants included 12 Russian‐speaking women ages 40–61, who also spoke English and had migrated to the United States after 1991.
Findings: These themes were identified: health as being highly valued, though less of a priority during immigration; being a stranger and seeking the familiar; grieving and loss and building a new life; experiencing changes and transitions; trusting self; and the importance of hope.
Conclusions: Although health was less of a priority during the immigration process, the women valued and were knowledgeable about health, participated in self‐care practices, trusted their own abilities to make self‐care decisions, and sought health‐related information. This is a vulnerable population at risk for the onset of chronic medical conditions associated with the process of aging, past exposures, the tendency to avoid health screening, and current stressors related to immigration and family responsibilities. Implications include the need for interventions to build trust, assess self‐care practices, and understand values and beliefs concerning health screening. Future research recommendations include replication with other samples within this population and exploring curative beliefs and practices more fully. Ultimately, this study design could be applied to other immigrant populations in Western cultures.
Clinical Relevance: Midlife Russian speaking women from the former Soviet Union are a vulnerable group at risk for the onset of chronic medical conditions associated with aging, past exposures, the tendency to avoid health screening, and current stressors related to immigration and family responsibilities.
Conceptual Model of Symptom‐Focused Diabetes Care for African Americans
Authors: Skelly Anne H. , Leeman Jennifer , Carlson John , Soward April CM , Burns Dorothy 
Published: August 2008

Purpose: Development of a conceptual model and description of its use to guide the content and format of a community‐based intervention.
Conceptual Model: We developed a symptom‐focused model for type 2 diabetes for older African American women based on the UCSF symptom management model. Key concepts in this model are symptom experience, symptom management, and health outcomes.
Methods: Review of literature, intervention protocol.
Conclusions: The symptom‐focused conceptual model is an innovative approach to tailoring care to a distinct population and to engaging participants in their own self‐care.
Clinical Relevance: Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in African Americans; and diabetes self‐management is the cornerstone of care. To better meet the distinct needs of diverse populations and positively affect health outcomes, new tailored approaches should be developed that are culturally sensitive and acceptable.
Soldiers With Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Jennings Bonnie M. , Yoder Linda H. , Heiner Stacy L. , Loan Lori A. , Bingham Mona O. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose:To describe Soldiers' (e.g., U.S. Army personnel) perspectives of the effect of musculoskeletal injuries.Design:Data were collected in the summer of 2003 using a prospective survey design. The survey was mailed to active duty Soldiers on modified work plans because of musculoskeletal injuries. These Soldiers were assigned to one Army installation in the US.Methods:Responses to the survey questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The numerous handwritten comments were evaluated qualitatively.Findings:Injuries most often involved the back and knees (18% each). At least 47% of the injuries were work related. Injuries interfered with Soldiers' abilities to perform military tasks such as road marching (80%) and organized physical training (69%). Although many respondents indicated they were not experiencing pain, at least some Soldiers reported mild pain for each of 19 anatomic locations. Severe pain was reported most often for the lower back (21%). In their written comments, Soldiers expressed a sense of frustration with their injuries, the healthcare system and providers, and their unit leaders.Conclusions:Healthcare personnel are challenged to better manage Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries and expedite their return to full duty. Unit leaders are challenged to create work environments that focus on injury prevention and allow injured Soldiers time to heal.Clinical Relevance:The Soldiers in this study were often engaged in physically challenging work or sports activities when injured. Because people outside the Army engage in similar activities (e.g., construction workers, endurance athletes), the findings from this study might be applicable to nonmilitary communities. Additionally, with the number of Reserve and National Guard Soldiers currently on active duty, civilian nurses might be caring for Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries.
Lessons Learned From China's Healthcare System and Nursing Profession
Authors: Ungos Kristin , Thomas Eileen 
Published: August 2008

Purpose: To examine the healthcare policy and the nursing profession in China and to share insights learned from that country, which can be used to inform health‐policy decision makers in the US.
Organizing Construct: Despite their significant cultural, political, and historical differences, many healthcare issues are the same for China and the US. Both countries face rising healthcare costs and widening disparities between wealthy and poor individuals, and between urban and rural sectors.
Conclusions: Some of the ideas that can be gleaned from China's healthcare system include rewarding physicians for prescribing preventive services; using trained laypeople as gatekeepers to the healthcare system in rural areas; communicating to the public and to health‐policy decision makers the importance of nurses so that staffing, work conditions, and professional status can be improved; and including nurses in health‐policy decisions.
Clinical Relevance: Lessons learned from China's healthcare policy and healthcare system have implications for public health policy change that could lead to improved patient outcomes in the US. The current changing global health environment calls for healthcare providers to learn from and work with our international neighbors to improve health outcomes for all patients.
Treatment of gingival recession with coronally advanced flap procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Pagliaro Umberto , Nieri Michele 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground: The treatment of buccal gingival recessions is a common requirement due to aesthetic concern or root sensitivity. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the literature on coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone or in combination with tissue grafts, barrier membranes (BM), enamel matrix derivative (EMD) or other material for treating gingival recession.Material and Methods: Randomized clinical trials on treatment of Miller Class I and II gingival recessions with at least 6 months of follow‐up were identified. Data sources included electronic databases and hand‐searched journals. The primary outcome variable was complete root coverage (CRC). The secondary outcome variables were recession reduction, clinical attachment gain, keratinized tissue gain, aesthetic satisfaction, root sensitivity, post‐operative patient pain and complications.Results: A total of 794 Miller Class I and II gingival recessions in 530 patients from 25 RCTs were evaluated in this systematic review. CAF was associated with mean recession reduction and CRC. The addition of connective tissue graft (CTG) or EMD enhanced the clinical outcomes of CAF in terms of CRC, while BM did not. The results with respect to the adjunctive use of acellular dermal matrix were controversial.Conclusions: CTG or EMD in conjunction with CAF enhances the probability of obtaining CRC in Miller Class I and II single gingival recessions.
Cardiovascular disease and periodontitis: an update on the associations and risk
Authors: Persson Gösta Rutger , Persson Rigmor Elisabeth 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground: Associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been recognized.Material and Methods: New literature since the last European Workshop on Periodontology has been reviewed.Results: The lack of reliable epidemiological data on disease prevalence makes an assessment of the associations and risks between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases difficult. Two recent meta‐analysis reports have identified associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (odds ratios: 1.1–2.2). Different surrogate markers for both disease entities, including serum biomarkers, have been investigated. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation, and carotid intima media thickness have in some studies been linked to periodontitis. Studies are needed to confirm early results of improvements of such surrogate markers following periodontal therapy. While intensive periodontal therapy may enhance inflammatory responses and impair vascular functions, studies are needed to assess the outcome of periodontal therapies in subjects with confirmed cardiovascular conditions. Tooth eradication may also reduce the systemic inflammatory burden of individuals with severe periodontitis. The role of confounders remain unclear.Conclusions: Periodontitis may contribute to cardiovascular disease and stroke in susceptible subjects. Properly powered longitudinal case–control and intervention trials are needed to identify how periodontitis and periodontal interventions may have an impact on cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of diabetes mellitus on periodontal and peri‐implant conditions: update on associations and risks
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Carollo‐Bittel Barbara , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives: To review the evidence for the association between diabetes and periodontal and peri‐implant conditions and the impact of periodontal therapy in subjects with diabetes.Material and Methods: A search of MEDLINE‐PubMed was performed up to and including December 2007. The search was limited to clinical studies published in English. Publications on animal studies were excluded. The selection criteria included all levels of available evidence.Results: Evidence on the association between diabetes and periodontitis supports the concept of increased severity but not extent of periodontitis in subjects with poorly controlled diabetes. Subjects with controlled diabetes do not show an increase in extent and severity of periodontitis. Periodontitis is associated with poor glycaemic control and diabetes‐related complications. It is inconclusive that periodontal therapy with or without the use of antibiotics results in improvements of glycaemic control and of markers of systemic inflammation. Evidence is lacking to indicate that implant therapy in subjects with diabetes yields long‐term outcomes comparable with those of non‐diabetic subjects.Conclusions: Poorly controlled diabetes may be considered a risk factor for increased severity of periodontitis. The effects of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control and systemic inflammation is not proven beyond doubt and need to be confirmed in large‐scale randomized‐controlled clinical trials.
Peri‐implant diseases: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Meyle Joerg ,   on behalf of Group D of the European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: August 2008

AbstractIssues related to peri‐implant disease were discussed. It was observed that the most common lesions that occur, i.e. peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis are caused by bacteria. While the lesion of peri‐implant mucositis resides in the soft tissues, peri‐implantitis also affects the supporting bone. Peri‐implant mucositis occurs in about 80% of subjects (50% of sites) restored with implants, and peri‐implantitis in between 28% and 56% of subjects (12–40% of sites). A number of risk indicators were identified including (i) poor oral hygiene, (ii) a history of periodontitis, (iii) diabetes and (iv) smoking. It was concluded that the treatment of peri‐implant disease must include anti‐infective measures. With respect to peri‐implant mucositis, it appeared that non‐surgical mechanical therapy caused the reduction in inflammation (bleeding on probing) but also that the adjunctive use of antimicrobial mouthrinses had a positive effect. It was agreed that the outcome of non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis was unpredictable. The primary objective of surgical treatment in peri‐implantitis is to get access to the implant surface for debridement and decontamination in order to achieve resolution of the inflammatory lesion. There was limited evidence that such treatment with the adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics could resolve a number of peri‐implantitis lesions. There was no evidence that so‐called regenerative procedures had additional beneficial effects on treatment outcome.