bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of nurse smokers and variables identified with successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation
Authors: Feldman Bernadine M. , Richard Elaine 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA mailed survey of 823 randomly selected registered nurses, constituting an 82% return rate, was conducted to determine the prevalence and quit rate of smoking related behaviors. Variables identified with successful quitters and continuing smokers also were investigated. The findings revealed that nurses have a decreased proportion of current smokers, an increased proportion of never smokers, and an increased quit smoking rate. The smoking cessation method used most frequently by successful quitters was “cold turkey.”
Emotionally triggered asthma as a predictor of airway response to suggestion
Authors: Janson‐Bjerklie Susan , Boushey Homer A. , Carrieri Virginia K. , Lindsey Ada M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwenty‐nine male and female adults with asthma were tested to determine the relationship between perceived response to emotional triggers of asthma and broncho‐constrictive suggestion. Subjects were told that they were inhaling a bronchoconstricting agent in four increasingly potent concentrations, when in fact the solution the subjects inhaled was nebulized isotonic saline. Ten subjects responded to suggestion with a greater than 20% increase in specific airway resistance, but this response could not be predicted by the report of perceived emotional triggers of asthma. The finding that perception of asthmatic response to emotional arousal does not predict airway response to bronchoconstrictive suggestion may mean that suggestion is an invalid proxy variable for studying the role of psychological factors in provocation of asthma.
Testing a classification instrument for the ambulatory care setting
Authors: Verran Joyce A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity, generalizability, and interrater reliability of an instrument designed to measure the complexity of nursing care in the ambulatory care setting. The conceptual framework for the development of the classification instrument was adapted from a theory of organizations and is based upon knowledge technology. Previous research using the Delphi methodology delineated 44 activity categories for the classification instrument. These categories were organized under six literature‐based responsibility areas. The instrument was tested in seven areas of one hospital‐based ambulatory care setting. A total of 641 valid patient ratings were used for the analysis. Results indicate the instrument has beginning construct validity and high interrater reliability with training. It is not generalizable across services unless the effect of clinic type on nursing care complexity is considered.
Marathon running: Comparison of physical and psychosocial risks for men and women
Authors: Estok Patricia J. , Rudy Ellen B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhysical and psychosocial risks of running and addiction were compared in a sample of female (n = 112) and male (n = 108) marathon runners. While female runners reported more pain in the knee, shin, hip, and heel, and more stress fractures, than the men, no injuries were significantly higher in women. Over 40% of both male and female subjects reported knee injury, making it the most common running injury reported. There were no significant differences in level of self esteem, anxiety, or running addiction between the two groups. There was, however, a significant relationship between level of negative addiction scores and two injuries: torn ligaments X2 (2, 202) = 8.45, p < .02, and hematuria X2 (2, 202) = 11.31, p < .005.
Body temperature in elderly surgical patients
Authors: White Helen E. , Thurston Norma E. , Blackmore Kay A. , Green Shirley E. , Hannah Kathryn J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBody temperatures of 37 elderly surgical patients with fractured hips were measured using tympanic membrane probes. Comparisons were made between patients having the usual body coverings and those protected by extra body coverings. Of 21 patients with the usual body coverings, eight were hypothermic as compared with one of 16 patients with extra body coverings. Temperatures were significantly different between groups in‐traoperatively (p < 0.001) and in the recovery room p < 0.002) where the lowest temperatures were recorded. Anxiolytics given preoperatively had a significant negative relationship with lower body temperatures. Careful monitoring of temperatures and extra coverings are recommended for elderly hip fractured patients perioperatively.
Women's causal explanations of divorce: Relationships to self‐esteem and emotional distress
Authors: Barron Cecilia R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationships of women's self‐esteem and emotional distress to their causal explanations of divorce were investigated. Thirty‐six women ending a first marriage were interviewed using the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965), the Ireton Personal Inventory (Ireton, 1980), and the Women's Attributions to Divorce Questionnaire. Self‐esteem was associated with causal explanations characterized as internal, whereas emotional distress was related to causal explanations characterized as internal, stable, and global. The relationships occurred only in women who perceived themselves as being unable to prevent the marriage from ending. The findings support the learned helplessness model for predicting emotional distress and provide nurses with information useful in assessing mental health.
Test of the nursing minimum data set: Availability of data and reliability
Authors: Devine Elizabeth C. , Werley Harriet H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn initial study of the availability of the elements in the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) and intercoder reliability across four types of clinical settings is reported. These clinical settings included an acute care hospital, a nursing home, a home health care agency, and two ambulatory care clinics. The health records of 116 randomly selected subjects were reviewed to determine the availability of the NMDS elements. A randomly selected subset of 23 of these records provided data on intercoder agreement. All but four of the NMDS elements were available for 85% or more of the subjects. The average intercoder agreement across all NMDS elements was a satisfactory 91%. However, the intercoder agreement on some NMDS elements was much lower, suggesting a need to refine the definitions and procedures for collecting some of the NMDS elements. Where appropriate, coefficient Kappa and Pearson product moment correlation statistics for reliability are reported on individual NMDS elements.
Cognitive disturbance in hospitalized and institutionalized elders
Authors: Roberts Beverly L. , Lincoln Ruth E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between empirical findings and a theoretical model of cognitive disturbance among 94 hospitalized and 78 institutionalized elders. Path analysis was used to determine the magnitude of relationships between variables described in the model. Neural function was the only variable in both groups that was significantly associated with greater cognitive disturbance. In the hospitalized group, neural structural changes and physiologic alterations contributed indirectly to cognitive disturbance by their effects on neural function. Further, neural function indirectly affected cognitive disturbance through its effects on sensory deficits. In the institutionalized group, environmental deficits and neural functions were significantly related to greater cognitive disturbance. Except for the direct effects of neural function on activity limitations and physiologic alterations on mental health, all the relationships between the variables described by the model were significantly different between hospitalized and institutionalized elders. The results suggest that different interventions to reduce cognitive disturbances may be required for institutionalized and hospitalized elders.
Identification of nursing diagnoses and defining characteristics: Two research models
Authors: Woodtli Anne 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNursing diagnoses and their defining characteristics associated with one Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) were identified and validated. The clinical‐retrospective model and the nurse validation model were used to identify high‐volume nursing diagnoses associated with DRG 366, transurethral prostatectomy, and to validate related defining characteristics. For the clinical‐retrospective model, 34 patient records classified as DRG 366 were reviewed, nursing diagnoses and their associated defining characteristics were identified and retrospectively validated. The nurse‐validation model was implemented by assessing nine patients within DRG 366 over 22 shifts. Analysis using descriptive statistics demonstrated 80% level of agreement on five most frequently identified nursing diagnoses, but lack of agreement on the associated defining characteristics.
Explaining the pain of active labor: The importance of maternal confidence
Authors: Lowe Nancy K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the relationships between the perception of pain during active labor and nine predictor variables: age, parity, childbirth preparation, state anxiety, confidence in ability to handle labor, concern regarding the outcome of labor, fear of pain, cervical dilatation and frequency of uterine contractions. The sample included 134 low‐risk women at term with a normal singleton pregnancy. Standard and stepwise regression was used to examine the ability of the selected variables to explain the variance in the sensory, affective, and evaluative components of pain as measured by the subscales of the Pain Rating Index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Although significant proportions of variance were explained for each component of pain, the study variables were most powerful in their ability to explain the variance in the affective component of active labor pain. The stepwise analysis suggested that of the nine variables, confidence in ability to handle labor was the most significant predictor of all components of pain during active labor.
Stress and coping in a NICU
Authors: Rosenthal Susan L. , Schmid Kathleen D. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe stress and coping of NICU nurses were examined in this study. Questionnaires were designed to measure the coping strategies used by the nurses (N = 30); the perceived helpfulness of the coping strategies; the frequency, controllability, and stressfulness of eight common NICU situations; and overall stress and satisfaction. The results suggested that nurses used a variety of problem‐oriented and emotion‐oriented coping strategies, which they found helpful. Common coping strategies were identified regardless of the NICU situation. Overall satisfaction was inversely related to experience and education, but unrelated to stress. The implications of these findings for managing stress and reducing burnout were discussed.
False positivity of FDG‐PET/CT in a child with Hodgkin disease
Authors: Beker Dildar Bahar , Berrak Su Gulsun , Canpolat Cengiz , Tugtepe Halil , Ones Tunc , Tecimer Tulay 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRole of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with F‐18‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) in staging of Hodgkin disease is well established despite several controversies. We report a Stage III Hodgkin lymphoma patient with false positive FDG‐PET/CT results. Seven‐year‐old male with Hodgkin lymphoma was in remission at end of chemotherapy. At third and fourth month of postchemotherapy follow‐up, increased Gallium uptake and positive FDG‐PET/CT in right lower quadrant of abdomen was observed. Open biopsy revealed lymphoid hyperplasia. He has been followed for 21 months without any evidence of disease. Despite its documented benefit, we believe that results of FDG‐PET/CT should be interpreted with great caution in order to avoid unnecessary interventions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:881–883. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori associated gastric Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Grewal Satkiran S. , Hunt John P. , O'Connor Stephen C. , Gianturco Laurie E. , Richardson Matthew W. , Lehmann Leslie E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been linked to lymphoma of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), a tumor that is typically localized at presentation. Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) frequently presents as an abdominal mass. However, primary gastric BL is unusual and the role of H. pylori in its pathogenesis is unclear. We describe a 12 year old with localized gastric BL and concurrent H. pylori infection. In this report, we discuss the potential association between H. pylori and gastric BL and also highlight certain similarities between gastric MALT lymphomas and BL arising in the stomach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:888–890. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of honeycomb films from poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) via water‐droplet templating
Authors: Tian Ye , Dai Chong , Ding Huaiyu , Jiao Qingze , Wang Lihua , Shi Yanqiao , Liu Biqian 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe fabrication of honeycomb‐patterned films from amphiphilic poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLEG) in a high‐humidity atmosphere is reported. The influence of the solution concentration on pattern formation was investigated. Moreover, by comparing the different conditions of fabricating regular structures between PLEG and poly(phenylene oxide), the mechanism of the regular pattern formation was studied. Finally, by adding sodium dodecylsulfate to a concentrated solution of 1 g L−1 PLEGCHCl3 which otherwise could not form regular pores, we found that regular pores could be obtained. The PLEG honeycomb films are expected to be of use in cell culture, tissue engineering and many other areas. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of polymer chemistry to dentistry: development of an impermeable interpenetrating polymer network to protect teeth from acid demineralization
Authors: Nakabayashi Nobuo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this review article is to show how polymer science can contribute to the further improvement of modern dentistry. It has long been believed that the development of strong dental materials is essential to improve dentistry, and polymeric materials might not be reliable compared to metals and ceramics. It was hypothesized that the bonding of restoration materials to the tooth structure is required in order to inhibit the detachment of prostheses. However, bonding of artificial materials to natural tissues is difficult. It has been found that a polymer network interpenetrated with dental hard tissues resolves this problem, that formal bonding is not required and that protection of prepared dentin against lactic acid demineralization with an impermeable barrier is a requisite for prevention of caries. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrode kinetics in polymer electrolyte solid‐state cells
Authors: Scrosati Bruno 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of lithium metal and of selected intercalation electrodes in electrochemical cells using poly(ethylene oxide)‐based electrolytes are discussed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry, polarisation curves and frequency response analysis. The results indicate that the lithium electrode, even if inherently reversible, may be passivated by the polymer electrolytes with the growth of a resistive layer at the interface. Among the most common intercalation compounds the Li1+xV3O8 bronze shows reversible behaviour and appears to be a very promising positive electrode in rechargeable lithium/polymer electrolyte batteries.
Electroactive polymer blends
Authors: Inganäs Olle 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe rapid development of two new classes of electrically active polymer materials, electronically conducting and electroactive polymers and ion‐conducting polymers respectively, offers new possibilities for application of both classes of material, especially in combination with each other. While some of these combinations have been attempted before, they all met serious problems due to poor interpenetration of the two polymers. The recent availability of solubilized and soluble electroactive and conductive polymers has greatly advanced the possibilities of reducing the interpenetration problem. Some experimental studies using the combination of solubilized electroactive polypyrrole with poly(ethylene oxide) in an electroactive polymer blend electrode for solid‐state polymer batteries are discussed. The opportunities for using polymer blends for solid‐state electrochemical polymeric devices, and avenues for the development of materials for such devices, are also reviewed.
Tensile, stress‐strain and creep rupture properties of poly (vinyl chloride)/poly(neopentyl glycol adipate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends
Authors: Lau Wayne W. Y. , Swee‐Hin Teoh , Suat‐Hong Goh 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPoly (vinyl chloride), PVC, and poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, are incompatible polymers. Poly(neopentyl glycol adipate), PDPA, is miscible with both PVC and PVDF. With PDPA acting as a compatibilizer between PVC and PVDF. compatible PVC/PDPA/PVDF blends can be formed at PVDF content of about less than 50wt%. Above 50wt% PVDF the ternary blends exist in two phases exhibiting two glass transition temperatures, Tg, PVC is the main contributor to the mechanical strength while PDPA and PVDF contribute to the elastic properties of these blends. A compatible blend of 55/22.5/22.5 wt% PVC/PDPA/PVDF exhibiting one single Tg appears to show an interesting balance of the properties of the blend components.
Characterisation of some melamine‐formaldehyde condensates and some cured resins by 1H, 13C and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy
Authors: Ebdon John R. , Hunt Barry J. , O'Rourke William T. S. , Parkin John 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSome oligomeric species (condensates) in a melamine‐formaldehyde adduct mixture have been isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and partly identified by high field 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy. The oligomers are shown most likely to be largely dimers, trimers and tetramers and to contain both methylene and methylene ether linkages. Some cured melamine‐formaldehyde resins are shown by solid‐state cross‐polarisation magic angle sample spinning (c.p./m.a.s.) 13C and 15N n.m.r. to contain linear and branched methylene and methylene ether linkages but few free methylol groups. The relative proportions of the various linkages in both the oligomers and the cured resins appear to be controlled mainly by the melamine: formaldehyde ratio.
Resin transfer moulding of aerospace resins—a review
Authors: Robertson Frank C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractConsiderable work has been carried out on the development of resin transfer moulding (RTM) as a viable processing alternative to conventional autoclave and compression techniques. RTM has the capability of producing high quality components of complex shape with tight tolerances.This paper reviews recent advances in materials suitable for the process of RTM and production of aerospace components. Three main areas are covered:a general description of the process of RTM,resin systems which have been used for RTM (epoxy, bismaleimides and polystyrylpyridines) of aerospace components,high temperature resin systems which have the main processing attributes for RTM but have yet to be used in this area.
New developments in polybenzhydrolimide resins: Application in the field of heat resistant coatings, adhesives and laminates
Authors: Malinge Jean , Garapon Jacques , Sillion Bernard 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe approach to obtaining fully cyclised polyimides is based on the interactions between a benzhydrol group carried in the polyimide main chain and the solvent. The CH of the benzhydrol function is an efficient 1H‐NMR probe in order to follow the extent of imide cyclisation, as shown using benzhydrol tetracarboxylic dimethylester (5.95 ppm), the corresponding diamide diacid (6.20 ppm) and the final imide (6.35 ppm).Three types of polybenzhydrolimides are described. A linear AABB polymide was prepared from benzhydrol tetracarboxylic dimethylester obtained by hydrogenation of the corresponding industrial ketonic tetraacid diester. The solution properties of the polyimide and the extent of imide cyclisation are discussed.The synthesis of a linear AB polymer from (3‐aminophenyl)‐4‐hydroxymethyl monomethylphthalate is described. This product is used as silver filled adhesive for electronic applications.A cyclised nadimide end‐capped benzhydrolimide oligomer (Mw=1940, Mn = 1370) is soluble in diglyme. The crosslinking of this oligomer starts at 275°C and the properties of the network according to the curing cycle are discussed.
Kinetic study of addition of substituted and unsubstituted phenylthiyl radicals to aromatic olefins: Steric effect on reactivities of monomers containing bulky groups
Authors: Yoshizawa Hideo , Ito Osamu , Matsuda Minoru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFor olefins containing aromatic groups such as naphthyl, monomer reactivities have been evaluated on the basis of the absolute rate constants and relative equilibrium constants which were determined by the flash photolysis method using phenylthiyl radicals as attacking radicals. The rate constant for addition of α‐methyl‐1‐vinylnaphthalene is lower than that of α‐methyl‐2‐vinylnaphthalene. This suggests that the aromatic π‐orbital; of the 1‐naphthalene derivative are twisted away from the olefinic π‐orbital; in the transition state, the delocalization of the unpaired electron on the olefinic carbon into the naphthyl group is reduced by the angular structure. For such twisted monomers, the dihedral angles between the aromatic π‐orbitals and the olefinic π‐orbital have been estimated by comparing the observed rate constants with the reactivity indexes calculated by the molecular orbital method. In the case of α,β‐disubstituted olefins, the rate constants are lower than those of α,α‐disubstituted ones; this suggests that the approach of the phenylthiyl radical is impeded. New reactivity parameters were evaluated for the monomers with bulky groups.
Thermal characterisation of polymeric systems by mass spectrometry
Authors: Blease Trevor G. , Paterson George A. , Scrivens James H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe utility of mass spectrometry as a technique for the characterisation of polymeric formulations is discussed in general terms. The use of thermal techniques in which sufficient energy is given to the system to liberate volatile components of the formulation and, in some cases, to induce small amounts of polymer degradation, is described. Results obtained using this technique for a variety of polymer systems are discussed and the advantages of using this approach outlined. Recent developments in field desorption‐mass spectrometry for the direct characterisation of modern polymer systems are discussed and some early results presented.