bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Improvement in Outcome of Nationwide Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant Populations Between 1996–1997 and 1999–2000
Authors: Tommiska Viena , Heinonen Kirsti , Lehtonen Liisa , Renlund Martin , Saarela Timo , Tammela Outi , Virtanen Martti , Fellman Vineta 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to investigate whether outcome in extremely low birth weight infants changes over time in Finland.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. All infants with a birth weight &lt;1000 g born in Finland in 1996–1997 and 1999–2000 were included in the study. Perinatal and follow-up data were collected in a national extremely low birth weight infant research register. Data concerning cerebral palsy and visual impairment were obtained from hospitals, the national discharge, and visual impairment registers.
RESULTS. A total of 529 and 511 extremely low birth weight infants were born during 1996–1997 and 1999–2000. No changes were detected in prenatal, perinatal, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates between the periods. The survival rates including stillborn infants were 40% and 44%. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and septicemia increased from 1996–1997 to 1999–2000 (75% vs 83% and 23% vs 31%). The overall incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage increased (29% vs 37%), but the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage grades 3 through 4 did not (16% vs 17%). The rates of oxygen dependency at the age corresponding with 36 gestational weeks, retinopathy of prematurity stages 3 to 5, cerebral palsy, and severe visual impairment did not change. Mortality remained higher in 1 university hospital area during both periods compared with the other 4 areas, but no regional differences in morbidity were detected during the later period.
CONCLUSIONS. No significant changes were detected in birth or mortality rate in extremely low birth weight infants born in Finland during the late 1990s, but some neonatal morbidities seemed to increase. Regional differences in mortality were detected in both cohorts. Repeated long-term follow-up studies on geographically defined very preterm infant cohorts are needed for establishing reliable outcome data of current perinatal care. Regional differences warrant thorough audits to assess causalities.
Binge Drinking and Associated Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students
Authors: Miller Jacqueline W. , Naimi Timothy S. , Brewer Robert D. , Jones Sherry Everett 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES. Underage drinking contributes to the 3 leading causes of death (unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide) among persons aged 12 to 20 years. Most adverse health effects from underage drinking stem from acute intoxication resulting from binge drinking. Although binge drinking, typically defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on an occasion, is a common pattern of alcohol consumption among youth, few population-based studies have focused specifically on the characteristics of underage binge drinkers and their associated health risk behaviors.METHODS. We analyzed data on current drinking, binge drinking, and other health risk behaviors from the 2003 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using SAS and SUDAAN statistical software. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between different patterns of alcohol consumption and health risk behaviors.RESULTS. Overall, 44.9% of high school students reported drinking alcohol during the past 30 days (28.8% binge drank and 16.1% drank alcohol but did not binge drink). Although girls reported more current drinking with no binge drinking, binge-drinking rates were similar among boys and girls. Binge-drinking rates increased with age and school grade. Students who binge drank were more likely than both nondrinkers and current drinkers who did not binge to report poor school performance and involvement in other health risk behaviors such as riding with a driver who had been drinking, being currently sexually active, smoking cigarettes or cigars, being a victim of dating violence, attempting suicide, and using illicit drugs. A strong dose-response relationship was found between the frequency of binge drinking and the prevalence of other health risk behaviors.CONCLUSIONS. Binge drinking is the most common pattern of alcohol consumption among high school youth who drink alcohol and is strongly associated with a wide range of other health risk behaviors. Effective intervention strategies (eg, enforcement of the minimum legal drinking age, screening and brief intervention, and increasing alcohol taxes) should be implemented to prevent underage alcohol consumption and adverse health and social consequences resulting from this behavior.
Pediatric Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Capacity in Regional Disasters: Expanding Capacity by Altering Standards of Care
Authors: Kanter Robert K. , Moran John R. 
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND. Federal planners have suggested that one strategy to accommodate disaster surges of 500 inpatients per million population would involve altering standards of care. No data are available indicating the extent of alterations necessary to meet disaster surge targets.
OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to, in a Monte Carlo simulation study, determine the probability that specified numbers of children could be accommodated for PICU and non-ICU hospital care in a disaster by a set of strategies involving altered standards of care.
METHODS. Simulated daily vacancies at each hospital in New York City were generated as the difference between peak capacity and daily occupancy (generated randomly from a normal distribution on the basis of empirical data for each hospital). Simulations were repeated 1000 times. Capacity for new patients was explored for normal standards of care, for expansion of capacity by a discretionary 20% increase in vacancies by altering admission and discharge criteria, and for more strictly reduced standards of care to double or quadruple admissions for each vacancy. Resources were considered to reliably serve specified numbers of patients if that number could be accommodated with a probability of 90%.
RESULTS. Providing normal standards of care, hospitals in New York City would reliably accommodate 250 children per million age-specific population. Hypothetical strict reductions in standards of care would reliably permit hospital care of 500 children per million, even if the disaster reduced hospital resources by 40%. On the basis of historical experience that as many as 30% of disaster casualties may be critically ill or injured, existing pediatric intensive care beds will typically be insufficient, even with modified standards of care.
CONCLUSIONS. Extending resources by hypothetical alterations of standards of care would usually satisfy targets for hospital surge capacity, but ICU capacity would remain inadequate for large disasters.
Improving runoff modelling using satellite-derived snow covered area?
Authors: Udnæs Hans-Christian , Alfnes Eli , Andreassen Liss M. 
Published: January 2007

Operational use of satellite-observed snow covered area (SCA) in the HBV model was studied in order to improve the spring flood prediction. The study included calibration of HBV models against both discharge and SCA, against discharge only, and updating of the HBV models based on satellite observed SCA. Ten test catchments were selected for the study. The results confirmed that HBV models calibrated against SCA in addition to discharge simulate discharge nearly as well as models calibrated against discharge only. The simulated SCA was markedly improved when SCA was included in the calibration.
Deviations between observed and simulated SCA was used to trigger model updates. In such cases, the model input (precipitation and temperature) was adjusted until a reasonable fit in the SCA was obtained. The results of the updates were ambiguous. Only 28% of the updates improved the runoff simulations. Improved simulations were most frequent at large SCA values.
SCA derived from radar and optical satellite sensors differed considerably. Harmonisation is required before both types of data can be integrated in the same model simulations.
Optimal model for warehouse location and retailer allocation
Authors: Gill Avninder , Ishaq Bhatti M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWarehouse location and retailer allocation is a high‐level strategic decision problem that is commonly encountered by logisticians and supply chain managers, especially during the supply chain design phase. Considering the product distribution cost and warehouse capital cost trade‐offs, this paper models the warehouse location and retailer allocation problem as a 0–1 integer programming problem and provides an efficient two‐stage set covering heuristic algorithm to solve large‐sized problems. Finally, concluding remarks and some recommendations for further research are also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oral vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in guinea‐pigs with short‐term hypothermia
Authors: Aslan Leyla , Meral Ismail 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEffects of oral vitamin E supplementation on blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) enzyme activities in acute hypothermia of guinea‐pigs were investigated. Thirty male guinea pigs, weighing 500–800 g were randomly divided into one of three experimental groups: A (control, without cooling), B (hypothermic) and C (hypothermic with vitamin E supplementation). The guinea‐pigs of group C received daily oral supplementation of 460 mg kg−1 bw vitamin E for 4 days before inducing hypothermia. Twenty‐four hours after the last vitamin E supplementation, the guinea‐pigs of the B and C groups were cooled by immersion into cold water (10–12°C), and the control guinea‐pigs were immersed into water of body temperature (37°C) up to the neck for 5 min without using any anaesthetic or tranquilizer. Rectal body temperatures of groups were measured and blood samples for biochemical analysis were collected immediately after the cooling. The body temperature, GSH and vitamin E levels and GSH‐Px enzyme activity of hypothermic guinea‐pigs were lower (p < 0.05), but SOD enzyme activity was not different (p > 0.05) from those of control animals. Although, the body temperature of hypothermic with vitamin E supplementation group was lower (p < 0.05), all other parameters of this group were not different (p > 0.05) from the controls. It was concluded that oral supplementation of vitamin E can alleviate the lipid peroxidation‐induced disturbances associated with hypothermia by increasing the serum vitamin E level to normal. However, more studies are needed to prove whether this vitamin can improve quality of life during the cold seasons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine against acute carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Maksimchik Yu. Z. , Lapshina E. A. , Sudnikovich E. Yu. , Zabrodskaya S. V. , Zavodnik I. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn recent years, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) has been widely investigated as a potentially useful protective and antioxidative agent to be applied in many pathological states. The aim of the present work was further evaluation of the mechanisms of the NAC protective effect under carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injuries in rats. The rat treatment with CCl4 (4 g/kg, intragastrically) caused pronounced hepatolysis observed as an increase in blood plasma bilirubin levels and hepatic enzyme activities, which agreed with numerous previous observations. The rat intoxication was accompanied by an enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation (1.4‐fold) and protein oxidative damage (protein carbonyl group and mixed protein‐glutathione disulphide formations) in the rat liver. The levels of nitric oxide in blood plasma and liver tissue significantly increased (5.3‐ and 1.5‐fold, respectively) as blood plasma triacylglycerols decreased (1.6‐fold). The NAC administration to control and intoxicated animals (three times at doses of 150 mg/kg) elevated low‐molecular‐weight thiols in the liver. The NAC administration under CCl4‐induced intoxication prevented oxidative damage of liver cells, decreased membrane lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and mixed protein‐glutathione disulphides formation, and partially normalized plasma triacylglycerols. At the same time the NAC treatment of intoxicated animals did not produce a marked decrease of the elevated levels of blood plasma ALT and AST activities and bilirubin. The in vitro exposure of human red blood cells to NAC increased the cellular low‐molecular‐weight thiol levels and retarded tert‐butylhydroperoxide‐induced cellular thiol depletion and membrane lipid peroxidation as well as effectively inhibited hypochlorous acid‐induced erythrocyte lysis. Thus, NAC can replenish non‐protein cellular thiols and protect membrane lipids and proteins due to its direct radical‐scavenging properties, but it did not attenuate hepatotoxicity in the acute rat CCl4‐intoxication model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of recurrent pulmonary vein stenoses with endovascular stenting and adjuvant oral sirolimus
Authors: Bromberg‐Marin Guilherme , Tsimikas Sotirios , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe increasing use of radiofrequency catheter ablation for the cure of atrial fibrillation has led to iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenosis as a new clinical entity. The optimal diagnostic modality and treatment for pulmonary vein stenosis and restenosis remain unclear. We report the successful treatment of pulmonary vein restenosis following percutaneous balloon angioplasty, and for the first time, following surgical bovine pericardial patch angioplasty, with endovascular stenting and adjuvant oral sirolimus. Both patients remain asymptomatic at 1 year follow‐up without evidence of restenosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Microtechnologies on Chemical and Pharmaceutical Production Processes
Authors: Pieters B. , Andrieux G. , Eloy J.‐C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMicroreaction technology has been developed as a new chemical tool for process intensification. The technology is still at its early stage but has started to succeed its implementation in R&D labs of fine and specialty chemicals companies. This technology has many advantages to drive innovation. It leads to new and high quality products. Fine and speciality chemicals represent a niche market for this technology that could reach about EUR 140 million for microstructured parts but only in 15 to 20 years while implemented for production purpose. The improvement of the technology leading to increased technical and economical benefits will open the way to larger markets like commodity chemicals and energy applications.
High Rate Convergent Synthesis and Deposition of Polyamide Dendrimers using a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor
Authors: Liu S. , Chang C.‐H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPolyamide dendrons and dendrimers have been synthesized using a continuous‐flow microreactor. Furthermore, the synthesized polyamide dendron was deposited onto functionalized glass surface through the formation of amide bond using a facile coupling procedure via a microreactor. The dendron deposition process involved two major steps: the functionalization of the native glass surface using 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and followed by coupling of the synthesized polyamide dendron with an aminosilanised surface. Compared with the conventional synthesis method, the microreactor provides a comparable yield, selectivity and a considerably faster synthesis rate. Nanostructured polyamide G1 dendron thin films could be deposited using an impinging flux from this microreactor in minutes.
Guest‐Dependent Flexible Coordination Networks with Fluorinated Ligands
Authors: Kasai Kayoko , Fujita Makoto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGuest‐dependent flexible coordination networks are formed from 1,4‐bis(4‐pyridylmethyl)tetrafluorobenzene (bpf), 4,4′‐bis(4‐pyridylmethyl)octafluorobiphenyl (bpfb), 2,6‐bis(4‐pyridylmethyl)hexafluoronaphthalene (2,6‐bpfn), and 2,7‐bis(4‐pyridylmethyl)hexafluoronaphthalene (2,7‐bpfn) with Cd(NO3)2 in the presence of various organic compounds. The reaction of bpf affords one‐dimensional cyclic chains, two‐dimensional rhombus grid sheets, and three‐dimensional diamond frameworks with threefold interpenetration. The reaction of bpfb mainly affords two‐dimensional rhombus grid sheets with twofold parallel interpenetration. The reaction of 2,6‐bpfn affords a one‐dimensional ladder and two‐dimensional rhombus grid, twisted grid, and herringbone sheets. The reaction of 2,7‐bpfn affords two‐dimensional rhombus grid sheets and grid sheets with dumbbell‐shaped cavities. This diversity of network topologies is induced by interactions between the guest molecules and the flexible ligand frameworks.
Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas
Authors: Miller Eric A. , Keku Temitope O. , Satia Jessie A. , Martin Christopher F. , Galanko Joseph A. , Sandler Robert S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Many studies have suggested a role for calcium in reducing the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer but its effectiveness may be dependent on interactions with other dietary and/or lifestyle factors. We examined the association between calcium and prevalence of adenomas and assessed whether the association was stronger in biologically plausible subgroups.METHODS.Cross‐sectional data from 222 cases and 479 adenoma‐free controls who underwent colonoscopies and completed food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires were used in the analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between calcium and prevalence of adenomas. Stratified analyses and the likelihood ratio test were used to examine effect modification by various demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral factors.RESULTS.Overall, little association was observed comparing total calcium intake of ≥900 mg/day to <500 mg/day (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–1.37). However, stronger associations were observed in patients with lower fat intake and in those who regularly (≥15 times/month) took nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Specifically, total calcium intake of ≥900 mg/day was associated with a lower prevalence of adenomas among patients with lower fat intake (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.91) but not among those with higher fat intake (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.61–2.35; P‐value for interaction = .01). For NSAIDs, the associations were OR = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.16–0.86) for regular NSAID users and OR = 1.27 (95% CI: 0.73–2.22) with infrequent or nonuse of NSAIDs, respectively (P = .06).CONCLUSIONS.The data suggest that a lower‐fat diet and regular NSAID use may enhance calcium's effectiveness as a colorectal cancer preventive agent. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Micro‐Structured Methane Steam Reformer with Integrated Catalytic Combustor
Authors: Cremers C. , Pelz A. , Stimming U. , Haas‐Santo K. , Görke O. , Pfeifer P. , Schubert K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractExperimental results of tests using a micro‐structured steam reformer for hydrogen generation from methane in fuel cell systems are reported. A distinctive feature of this work is the integration of a catalytic combustor into the reactor to deliver the necessary heat to the endothermic steam reforming reaction. The tests are performed under static and dynamic load conditions. The reactor is operated autonomously without external heat supply. The best results are obtained by firing the integrated combustor with a mixture of hydrogen and methane in co‐flow with the reforming reaction. Providing carbon dioxide to the combustor feed in order to simulate the situation of anode off‐gas firing has only minor effects on system performance. Under static load conditions up to 2 / min–1 of hydrogen are produced at high methane conversion rates of about 70%. Start‐up tests show that a stable product composition is obtained in less than 20 s after admission of methane to the reformer. Furthermore, the product composition shows only minor variations with throughput and load changes if heating adjustments are done simultaneously. Overall, the reactor proves to be very suitable for operation in fuel cell systems.
Synthesis, characterization, and solution properties of some new organotellurium compounds based on di(cyclohexylmethyl)telluride
Authors: Al‐Rubaie Ali Z. , Al‐Derawi Ala'a K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new series of organotellurium(IV) compounds based on di(cyclohexylmethyl)telluride (1) (i.e., (C6H11CH2)2TeX2 and (C6H11CH2)2Te(R)X) was prepared by the reaction of compound 1 with halogens, N‐bromosuccinimide, and alkyl halides. Phenylation of (C6H11CH2)2TeX2 with sodium tetraphenylborate gave di(cyclohexylmethyl)phenyltelluronium tetraphenylborate in good yield. Conductivity measurements in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) showed a considerable ionic character of these compounds and they behave as 1:1 electrolytes. 1H NMR studies in CDCl3 solution indicated that telluronium salts employed in this study are unstable toward reductive elimination. Reaction of di(cyclohexylmethyl)telluride, (C6H11CH2)2Te(CH3)I, and (C6H11CH2)2Te(PhCH2)Br with HgX2 (X = Cl or Br) afforded 1:1 complexes. All compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:93–99, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20240
Analysis of processes limiting quantum efficiency of AlGaInN LEDs at high pumping
Authors: Rozhansky I. V. , Zakheim D. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper we argue that the quenching of external quantum efficiency (EQE) with increase of current typically observed for AlInGaN LEDs is caused by reduction of injection efficiency. It is shown as a result of numerical simulations that the current blocking AlGaN layer is inefficient at high current density due to piezoelectric field of GaN/AlGaN interface. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with experimental dependence of EQE on pumping. A new design of LED heterostructure is proposed, for which the EQE quenching is not expected. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)