bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability Analysis of O&M Strategies for Power Generation Post 4MWp Solar-Utility Integration: LNG Plant Case Study
Authors: Bahtiar Muhamad Rais 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In response to declining feed gas, Badak LNG currently operates two process trains. The power demand has decreased to only one-third of the total 112.5 MW internal power generation capacity, indicating a significant opportunity to optimize generator usage for improved efficiency and cost reduction. However, reducing the number of active generators may decrease system inertia, making the system more vulnerable to disturbances, especially with the integration of a 4 MWp solar PV panel. Additionally, partial power migration to the public utility company (PLN) further reduces power consumption.
This paper presents a comprehensive power system study and reliability analysis, including load flow, transient analysis, and a detailed reliability study. By employing the Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) method and evaluating several jeopardy scenarios, the study recommends operating five power generators (PGs) for two-train mode. Although the calculated LOLE of 0.56 days/year is higher than the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standard of 0.1 days/year for two-train mode, operating with fewer PGs can significantly benefit fuel efficiency. Additionally, considering that only non-critical loads would be affected in the event of load shedding, the proposed strategy is deemed viable. The paper also outlines a maintenance strategy for the power generators in the coming years to ensure sustained performance and reliability.
Excavation method and support system based on Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification at Gunung Manggah Tunnel, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Manggala Wimas , Gde Budi Indrawan I , Hendarto  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Samarinda City is currently carrying out road tunnel construction in Selili Village, Samarinda Ilir District, East Kalimantan Province. The rock mass classification, excavation, and support system used is the Rock Mass Rating (RMR). The methods are used to consider uncertain geological conditions. Data was obtained from the results of surface and subsurface geological mapping, assessment of core drill samples located at the tunnel centerline, and laboratory testing. RMR is vital for understanding geological challenges, optimizing tunnel design, and ensuring safety and efficiency throughout the construction process. Surface geological mapping and core drill sample assessment were conducted to Assess the integrity of the rock structure along the road tunnel line. The drill core samples’ mechanical and physical characteristics of the whole rock were obtained through laboratory testing. The tunnel site consists of a sandstone unit and a siltstone unit with rock mass classifications of fair, medium, and poor. Tunnel excavation is designed using a sequential excavation method, including top heading and benching construction methods. The distance between the top-heading excavation face and the bench excavation face is 12 m, and the initial support must be installed immediately after each stage of tunnel excavation is carried out; the tunnel is also divided into 7 zones based on RMR recommendations: 4 areas with The rock structure classification 3, 2 areas with rock mass class 2, and 1 area with rock mass class 4. The tunnel excavation technique used is the top and bench method with parallel buffers 1-1.5 m from the tunnel face for class 4 areas and 1.5-3 m from the tunnel face for class 3 areas, while class 2 areas can be excavated the entire tunnel face at once. The suggested support system, based on the RMR value, consists of rock bolts that are 4-5 m long, spaced 1-1.5 m apart, and have a shotcrete thickness of 10-15 cm throughout the tunnel.
Spatial resolution and noise measurement of low-dose CT ACR phantom images
Authors: Ismail  , Widodo Susilo , Brazovskiy Konstantin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is an instrument that is still widely used to diagnose and evaluate patient conditions from images produced by the CT scan process. CT scan images are formed from X-ray beams that penetrate the patient’s body and are captured by a detector and then displayed on a monitor screen. A fairly high dose of X-ray radiation is required to produce images with high resolution, good contrast, and low noise. However, this is contrary to the principles of ALARA, as low as reasonably achievable, and patient safety by using high-dose radiation. Various efforts to reduce the dose of X-ray radiation have been made. One of which is to use a low dose by operating the X-ray CT-scan machine at low voltage. Still, the consequence is that the resulting CT scan image has greater noise and lower spatial resolution compared to the image produced from the full radiation dose. This research measured spatial resolution by its modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise on open-source images taken at 25% dose by operating a 50-kV x-ray CT-scan machine on ACR phantom images using the IndoQCT application. The results are the noise of 25% dose images has an average of 86.71% greater and 41.96% lower spatial resolution than full-dose images. These results show that there are problems in using low-dose CT scans and open up opportunities to solve this problem by image reconstruction or image processing.
Structure, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of Hexaferrite/Molybdenum Disulfide Composite
Authors: Izaak M. P. , Sitompul H. , Mulyawan A. , Setiawan J. , Gunanto Y. E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research discusses synthesizing and characterizing hexaferrite/Molybdenum disul9ide (Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19/MoS2) composite materials. The Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19 hexaferrite sample was synthesized using a solid-state reaction method and sintered at high temperatures. Hexaferrite/Molybdenum disul9ide composite (Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19/MoS2) with a weight ratio of 1:9 was mixed using milling. Using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the characterization results produced hexaferrite samples Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19 had a hexagonal structure and MoS2 had a monoclinic structure. The surface morphology from characterization using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows a heterogeneous shape. LCR-meter is used to characterize the dielectric, loss tangent, and impedance. The magnitude of the dielectric, loss tangent, and impedance decrease with increasing frequency. A vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to characterize magnetization at ambient temperature. The magnitudes of magnetic saturation, magnetic remanent, and coercivity 9ields are 37.42 emu/g, 19.35 emu/g, and 3.82 kOe, respectively.
Paraffin and magnetite composite for thermal management applications
Authors: Sebayang A M S , Humaidi S , Sembiring T , Tetuko A P , Fauzi M , Fachredzy A , Nabawi M A H , Padmadipoera R D S K N F , Sebayang P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The thermal management technology has been extensively applied to enhance the efficiency of renewable-energy devices and electronics. This paper proposes a novel approach utilizing a passive method that incorporates phase-change materials (PCMs). Paraffin was used as the matrix with the addition of magnetic particles (Fe3O4). In this study, paraffin-magnetite composites were synthesized using an ultrasonic method at 80 °C with a frequency of 37 kHz for 30 min. Subsequently, their thermophysical properties were analyzed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results revealed a latent heat value of 108.39 J/g and melting temperature of 57.54 °C. The incorporation of magnetite increases the thermal conductivity to 0.625 W/m°C. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that paraffin and magnetite exhibit semicrystalline and cubic crystal structures, respectively. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) results for the composite yielded saturation, remanence, and coercivity values of 25.54 emu/g, 3.91 emu/g, and 168.73 Oe, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphology analysis demonstrated a uniform distribution of magnetite particles within the paraffin structure. Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis confirmed the presence of C, O, and Fe.
Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the electrochemical performance of NiO/rGO supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Syafri Zainuddin Muh , Susanti Diah , Dyah Pramata Azzah , Bahfie Fathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing demand for energy in the last decade has highlighted the need for efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions, including supercapacitors. This study aims to analyze the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the electrochemical performance of NiO/rGO for supercapacitor electrode applications. The method used for the synthesis of NiO material by sol-gel method from a NiSO4 hydrate precursor and rGO (Reduced Graphene Oxide) material by Hummer method. NiO and rGO were composited by Hydrothermal method at temperature variations of 120°C, 160°C, and 200°C. Materials were characterized by by XRD, SEM-EDX, SAA-BET and FTIR. To determine the electrochemical properties, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD) tests were conducted using Na2SO4 electrolyte 1M. The results show that increasing the temperature reduces the specific capacitance of supercapacitors. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, the specific capacitance is 268.65 F g−1 at 120°C, 154.34 F g−1 at 160°C, and 143.81 F g−1 at 200°C. This result is due to the increase in impedance (Z) as the hydrothermal temperature increases. The electrical conductivity of NiO/rGO decreased. The SAA-BET characterization results show a decrease in surface area with increasing hydrothermal temperature. The NiO/rGO supercapacitor electrode synthesized using the hydrothermal method at 120°C maintained 95.06% of its initial capacitance during 1000 charge-discharge cycles. The NiO/rGO composite material has high potential for supercapacitor applications due to its high capacitance and stable retention.
Extraction of Silica (SiO2) from corn leaves waste as anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Paramitha Tika , Rahmania Fatimah Rizky , Hesti Alfin Tachtiar Afrizal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries or LIBs) are a type of secondary battery. One of the main components is the anode. In this research, anode fabrication was carried out using silica (SiO2) from corn leaves waste. SiO2 has advantages such as low discharge potential, abundant availability, and high theoretical capacity (1965 mAh/g). The conversion of corn leaves into anode material includes extraction of SiO2 with natrium hydroxide and synthesis of a composite of SiO2 and graphite (SiO2/C). The SiO2 material was characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) to identify the Si-O-Si group, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to analyze the morphological structure, XRD (X-ray Diffraction) to identify the crystal phases, and BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) to determine the surface area and pore volume. Furthermore, battery electrochemical performance testing was carried out using a battery analyzer. Electrochemical testing of Li-ion batteries shows that the battery capacities with SiO2/C anodes for samples A, B, C, and D were 137.29, 131.46, 108.40, and 119.15 mAh/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the initial coulombic efficiency of samples A, B, C, and D were 86.36%, 87.58%, 94.89%, and 51.55%, respectively. Based on the results, optimizing the SiO2 content ratio in the SiO2/C composite is crucial to enhance the capacity and stability of Li-ion batteries.
Current density effects on the morphological characteristic and reflectance of n-type porous silicon prepared the laser-assisted anodization
Authors: Sehati  , Cari  , Supriyanto Agus , Abdullah M. H. , Suryana Risa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) has been formed on n-type Si (100) substrates using the green laser-assisted electrochemical anodization method. Current densities during the anodization (etching) process were varied at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mA/cm2. The surface morphologies of the prepared PSi samples were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and their optical reflectances were investigated using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that PSi was formed in circular shapes with homogenous pore distribution. Besides, the effects of various current densities were observed. The yields revealed that the higher current densities could produce PSi with larger average pore diameters, leading to declined reflectances.
Water filtration based on local wisdom products for Kalimantan and Java
Authors: Kusumawati Intan , Marwoto Putut , Rusilowati Ani , Sumarni Woro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The local wisdom of cultural communities in Kalimantan and Java needs to be utilized in environmental sanitation efforts by creating innovative water filtration products. This study aims to test the basic materials of local wisdom of Kalimantan and Java through simple groundwater filtration tools in purifying water. The research method used is quantitative with a true experimental design. The product is designed through Ethno-STEAM analysis. The product trial consists of the Kalimantan region (Landak Regency and Sambas Regency) and the Java region (Mojokerto Regency and Tegal Regency). The trial was repeated five times with the same initial volume of water, 500ml with 1000ml sedimentation. The water container is 22 oz (bottom diameter 6 cm, top diameter 9.5 cm, height 15 cm). It was found that all materials tested could purify water. The comparison of the absorption capacity of local wisdom materials of coconut coir with aren palm fibre, rice husk ash with straw, maja fruit fibre, and coconut coir with enau palm fibre in the sequence is 2:3:2:3. The changes observed are dark brown to colourless, odourless, not cloudy, clear, and not sticky. The characteristics of clean water in physical properties are shown from the results of water filtration made from coconut coir with enau palm fibre and maja fruit fibre. It is concluded that the basic materials of local wisdom of coconut coir with enau palm fibre from Kalimantan and maja fruit fibre from Java through a simple groundwater filtration tool can purify water with clean water characteristics.
17th European Workshop on Modern Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis (EMAS 2023) Krakow, Poland, 7-11 May 2023
Authors: Faryna Marek , Tylko Grzegorz , Sørensen Bjørn E. , Dijkstra Hans , Richter Silvia 
Published: February 2025

This volume of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering contains papers from the 17th Workshop of the European Microbeam Analysis Society (EMAS) on Modern Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis, which took place from the 7th to the 11th of May 2023 at the Auditorium Maximum of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
The primary aim of this series of workshops is to assess the state-of-the-art and reliability of microbeam analysis techniques. The workshops also provide a forum where students and young scientists starting out on a career in microbeam analysis can meet and discuss with the established experts. The Krakow meeting was organised within the usual EMAS format, comprising invited plenary lectures by internationally recognised experts, poster presentations by the participants and round-table discussions on the key topics led by specialists in the field. EMAS2023 was organized in collaboration with the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland. The technical programme included the following topics: Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA); Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); Software tools; Focussed ion beam; Combined techniques in SEM; and materials applications of microbeam analysis and their applications.
As at previous workshops, there was also a special oral session for Early Career Scientists. The best presentation by an early career scientist was awarded with an invitation to attend the 2024 Microscopy and Microanalysis meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. The prize went to Maria Wątroba, EMPA - Swiss Federal Labs. Materials Testing and Research, Thun (CH), for her presentation entitled: “Experimental analysis of plastic deformation in single-crystalline and ultrafine-grained Zn micropillars” (by M. Wątroba, W. Bednarczyk, C. Tian, J. Michler and J. Schwiedrzik).
List of Acknowledgements and International Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.
A new empirical model of the 2-dimensional ionisation probability ϕ(ρr, ρz) described by an analytical function
Authors: Achuda G , Bünger J , Pinard P T , Torrilhon M , Richter S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For quantitative electron probe microanalysis matrix effects have to be considered. Conventional matrix correction procedures in use today assume a homogeneous composition for the bulk sample (known as ZAF correction) or heterogeneity only in depth for thin films (ϕ(ρz) models). But when heterogeneity is expected in lateral directions, only Monte Carlo and deterministic simulations could be used for accurate matrix correction. These simulations are computationally expensive and slow. In this work, we introduce a novel analytical model for the multi-dimensional ionisation probability distribution ϕ(ρr, ρz) for a material bombarded with electrons, which could be used for fast matrix correction as an alternative to simulations. By fitting the model onto ionisation probability distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulations, we show that our model can adequately describe the simulated distributions.
STEM-CL and related spectroscopies using a high numerical aperture mirror
Authors: Bézard M , Baaboura J , Auad Y , Varkentina N , Bonnet N , Woo S Y , Tencé M , Blazit J-D , Li X , Meuret S , Houdellier F , Lourenço-Martins H , Arbouet A , Stéphan O , Tizei L H G , Kociak M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This conference proceeding reports on the usage and applications of a high numerical aperture mirror for cathodoluminescence and other photon-based spectroscopies in a scanning transmission electron microscope.
Subscale inversion of X-ray emission in electron probe microanalysis based on deterministic transport equations
Authors: Claus T , Achuda G , Richter S , Torrilhon M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The reconstruction methods (ZAF, ϕ(ρz) matrix correction) commonly applied in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) make restrictive assumptions about the material structure. The model assumption that the material is homogeneous (or layered in depth) limits the spatial resolution of the reconstruction method to the interaction volume of electrons. Models based on Monte Carlo (MC) methods allow for arbitrary material structure, but suffer from statistical noise that prevents the use of MC in gradient-based reconstruction. We present a reconstruction framework for EPMA based on deterministic transport equations to model electron transport. Similar to MC, our model allows for an arbitrary material structure, but is also well-suited for application in gradient-based reconstruction. In this paper we discuss our model with a focus on inversion and discuss the necessity of regularisation (parametrisation of the material) for the reconstruction method. We conclude with reconstruction examples in 1D and 2D, that exemplarily show different parametrizations and, more importantly, the opportunity to resolve material structure smaller than the interaction volume.
Machine Learning techniques in microscopic characterisation of nanomaterials
Authors: Jany Benedykt R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The characterisation of nanomaterials presents significant challenges due to their unique properties and size-dependent behaviours. Recent breakthroughs in Machine Learning (ML) techniques have enabled the development of innovative methods for analysing microscopic data, thereby facilitating the extraction of reliable information on nanomaterials’ chemical composition, structure, and other properties at the nanoscale level. This study provides an overview of selected ML-based approaches applied to microscopic characterisation of nanomaterials, including chemical composition quantification, structure analysis via imaging, and nano-electrical characterisation. The results demonstrate that ML techniques can significantly enhance and simplify the task of nanomaterials characterisation, while minimising data analysis bias and uncertainty. This approach has the potential to derive a comprehensive understanding of a given material’s properties by integrating information obtained from diverse characterisation techniques. The synergistic coupling between microscopic imaging and Machine Learning techniques provides new quality, perspectives, and opportunities for future materials characterisation.
2D materials design and property modulation for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Bai Bobing , Wan Yuchi , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Currently, ammonia is an important chemical in modern society, widely used in agriculture and energy-conversion fields. However, there are existing energy-consumption and environmental problems in the traditional process of ammonia synthesis. At present, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3
−RR) uses renewable electricity as power to achieve simultaneous nitrate removal and ammonia generation, providing an efficient, green and clean platform for sustainable ammonia synthesis. As an ideal model material for electrochemistry research, two-dimensional (2D) materials with tunable surface properties and electronic structure have aroused immense interest in electrocatalysis applications. The atomic-layer structure of 2D materials can significantly affect their physical/chemical properties, while size and surface characteristics are important aspects to be considered for designing and synthesizing efficient catalysts to achieve the high performance of the electrocatalytic NO3
−RR application. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia including reaction mechanisms and basic research methods. Moreover, synthetic methods and design strategies of 2D-material electrocatalysts are introduced and specific applications of 2D material in electrocatalytic NO3
−RR are demonstrated. Furthermore, future perspectives are proposed to inspire novel attempts for new 2D materials applications across broad fields.
Mechanical performance of SS 316L node-reinforced diamond metal lattice structure manufactured via selective laser melting
Authors: Shivakumar N , Ramesh T , Muthukumaran S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Additive manufacturing facilitates the creation of complex porous metallic structures with significant mechanical strength, suitable for tailored, lightweight product requirements in the aerospace and automotive industry. Among these, diamond metal lattice structures (DLS) stand out due to their high porosity. This study investigates the mechanical performance of SS 316L diamond lattice structures fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM), with and without nodal reinforcement. The effect of nodal reinforcement and variations in strut and node dimensions was analysed under quasi-static compression. Node-reinforced diamond lattice structures (NR-DLS) exhibited superior mechanical properties to non-reinforced DLS. Results demonstrated that increasing node and strut sizes enhanced yield strength, collapse strength, and energy absorption while reducing porosity. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD confirmed the significant effect of nodal reinforcement, particularly when strut and node sizes were proportionally increased. Additionally, NR-DLS showed improved stress distribution, leading to uniform densification.