bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brown Trout Seasonal Movement Patterns and Habitat Use in an Urbanized South Dakota Stream
Authors: James Daniel A. , Erickson Jack W. , Barton Bruce A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Fifty-six brown trout Salmo trutta were implanted with transmitters in an urbanized portion of Rapid Creek within the city limits of Rapid City, South Dakota, to determine habitat use and seasonal movement behavior by radiotelemetry. Fish locations were determined twice weekly during daylight hours from September 2000 to September 2001 by triangulating the signal from shore. During the year-long tracking period, 1,153 individual fish locations were recorded. Gross movement distance averaged 506 m and ranged from 22 to 2,554 m. The net movement averaged 49.4 m downstream and ranged from 774 m downstream to 188 m upstream. The movement for individual fish averaged 23 m and ranged from 2 to 150 m. Gross movement was greatest in fall and then spring, whereas the greatest net movement (downstream) occurred in spring. Fish moved a greater distance during the fall spawning period than they did during summer, spring, or winter. Runs and pools were used more frequently than riffles in fall and winter, but runs were used much more than either pools or riffles in spring. No difference in habitat use was evident during the summer. Fish occurrence in riffles was greater in the fall than in all other seasons. Overall, brown trout in this highly urbanized section of stream had similar movement patterns and general habitat distribution during daylight hours as their counterparts in nonurbanized streams described previously in published literature.
Contribution of Stocked Yearling Walleyes to the Fishery in Oneida Lake, New York
Authors: VanDeValk Anthony J. , Brooking Thomas E. , Jackson James R. , Rudstam Lars G. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Absolute estimates of stocked fish contributions to fisheries are important in determining the utility of stocking programs. Accounts of stocked fish contribution to fisheries are rare; such studies require (1) stocked fish to be uniquely marked so that they are identifiable when the cohort recruits to the fishery and (2) absolute abundance estimates to be available both from stocked fish and fish produced from other sources. Our objective was to assess the absolute contribution of walleyes Sander vitreus stocked as yearlings to the age-4 population in Oneida Lake, New York. Stocked yearlings contributed 1,778 fish to the age-4 population, which was estimated at 127,000. Estimated survival from stocking (age 1) to age 4 was 1.7% (range = 0.2–3.2%) and was similar to reports of the absolute contribution of fingerling stocking programs. Our results support findings from other studies indicating that attempts to strengthen walleye year-classes by stocking have had limited success; however, our data are based on only one year-class. Documented variability in stocking success on other systems warrants further investigation.
Hatch Dates, Growth, Survival, and Overwinter Mortality of Age‐0 Alewives in Lake Michigan: Implications for Habitat‐Specific Recruitment Success
Authors: Höök Tomas O. , Rutherford Edward S. , Mason Doran M. , Carter Glenn S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlewivesAlosa pseudoharengusare key components of Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystems and spawn in multiple habitat types. Exploration of alewife early life history dynamics within these different habitats should help identify important recruitment processes. During 2001‐2003, we quantified physical (temperature, transparency) and biotic (chlorophylla, zooplankton densities) habitat factors and collected age‐0 alewives (using ichthyoplankton nets and trawls) in a nearshore region of Lake Michigan and Muskegon Lake, Michigan (a drowned river mouth lake connected to Lake Michigan). We characterized alewife hatch dates, individual condition, growth, mortality, and size‐dependent overwinter survival to infer differences in habitat‐specific recruitment success. Temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll‐aconcentrations, and densities of zooplankton prey were consistently higher in Muskegon Lake than in nearshore Lake Michigan. On average, young alewives in Muskegon Lake hatched earlier, grew faster, were in better condition (based on a biphasic length‐weight relationship), and had greater survival than alewives in Lake Michigan. By the end of the growing season, young alewives in Muskegon Lake obtained a larger size than those residing in nearshore Lake Michigan, suggesting that they were more likely to survive through winter (a period of intense size‐selective mortality) and ultimately recruit to the adult population.
Temperature and Competition between Bull Trout and Brook Trout: A Test of the Elevation Refuge Hypothesis
Authors: McMahon Thomas E. , Zale Alexander V. , Barrows Frederic T. , Selong Jason H. , Danehy Robert J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe tested the elevation refuge hypothesis that colder temperatures impart a competitive advantage to bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and thus account for increased biotic resistance to invasion and displacement by brook trout S. fontinalis in headwater streams. Growth, survival, and behavior were compared in allopatry and sympatry at temperatures of 8‐20°C in the laboratory. In allopatry, age‐0 bull trout and brook trout grew at similar rates at temperatures of 8.0‐14.3°C, but brook trout grew significantly faster at higher temperatures. In sympatry, bull trout grew significantly less than brook trout at all test temperatures, with growth differences increasing linearly with increased temperature. Age‐1 brook trout had significantly higher feeding and aggression rates than did similar‐sized bull trout at 8°C and 16°C. The modeled growth of age‐0 bull trout and brook trout based on tributary temperature data from a high‐elevation site (mean summer temperature, 10°C) and a low‐elevation site (14°C) was similar for both species in allopatry. However, brook trout achieved much greater size than bull trout in sympatry, particularly at the warm site, where the predicted size of brook trout was 21.7 mm (23%) greater in length and 4.9 g (60%) greater in weight. Brook trout therefore had a marked size and growth advantage over bull trout at warm temperatures, but bull trout do not appear to gain a similar advantage over brook trout at low temperatures. Thus, factors in addition to water temperature are relevant to protecting remaining bull trout populations from displacement by brook trout in headwater streams.
Tracking Nursery Habitat Use in the York River Estuary, Virginia, by Young American Shad Using Stable Isotopes
Authors: Hoffman J. C. , Bronk D. A. , Olney J. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe developed and applied a stable isotope turnover model to estimate how long age‐0 American shad Alosa sapidissima reside within tidal freshwater and brackish‐water habitats in the York River estuary, Virginia. The residence time was estimated by modeling the changing stable isotope ratio (either the carbon [δ13C] or sulfur [δ34S] stable isotope ratio) of an age‐0 American shad as it migrates seaward from its present habitat to a new habitat and determining the minimum time required to acquire the isotopic signature of its new habitat. A sensitivity analysis of our turnover model indicates that the results are robust at relatively fast turnover rates, such as those experienced by young fish, but that at slow turnover rates the model can yield biologically meaningful differences with relatively small changes in variables. The average ± SE isotopic ratios for the dorsal muscle tissue of age‐0 fish increased along the estuary, from −31.8 ± 0.3‰ for δ13C and −5.2 ± 0.7‰ for δ34S at the farthest upriver region to −21.8 ± 1.2‰ for δ13C and 10.3 ± 1.7‰ for δ34S in the lower estuary, and were significantly different among regions. To account for these distinct signatures along the estuary, the turnover model predicts that age‐0 fish remain in discrete regions (∼10 river kilometers) of the tidal freshwater portion of the river for at least 15‐45 d and in the lower estuary for at least 32‐66 d. Juveniles, therefore, are spatially segregated, and probably migrate slowly downstream during the summer and early fall, accumulating in the lower freshwater and oligohaline portions of the estuary before their oceanic migration.
Fulvestrant (Faslodex®)—How to Make a Good Drug Better
Authors: Robertson John F. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFulvestrant (Faslodex®; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE) is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with a novel mode of action; it binds, blocks, and increases degradation of ER. Fulvestrant (at the approved dose [250 mg/month]) is at least as effective as anastrozole (1 mg/day) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer (HR+ ABC) progressing or recurring on antiestrogen therapy, and is also an active first-line treatment. Although fulvestrant (250 mg/month) is clearly effective, it takes 3–6 months to achieve steady-state plasma levels. Steady-state concentrations are approximately twofold higher than those achieved with a single dose; reaching this earlier, for example, via a loading-dose (LD) regimen (250 mg/month plus 500 mg on day 0 and 250 mg on day 14 of month 1), may allow responses to be achieved more quickly and limit the possibility of early relapse.Fulvestrant high-dose (HD) regimens (500 mg/month) offer the possibility of greater antitumor activity, because (a) ER downregulation is a dose-dependent process (an approximately 70% reduction is observed with a single 250 mg dose of fulvestrant) and (b) evidence correlates greater ER downregulation with superior efficacy. A fulvestrant HD regimen offers the potential of achieving near 100% ER downregulation. There is also potential to increase fulvestrant–ER binding by reducing plasma estrogen levels, for example, with concomitant aromatase inhibitor treatment.Several ongoing trials use LD, HD, and combination regimens; results from these studies are awaited with interest. Meanwhile, fulvestrant (250 mg/month) remains a valuable additional endocrine treatment for postmenopausal women with HR+ ABC recurring or progressing on antiestrogen therapy.
First-Line Treatment Options for Patients with HER-2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: The Impact of Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Verma Sunil , Clemons Mark 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe how changes in adjuvant treatment are having a major influence on treatment options in the first-line setting for metastatic breast cancer.Select the most appropriate first-line treatment for a patient with metastatic breast cancer based on previous adjuvant therapy.Discuss how as treatment options become more complex, there may no longer be a single “gold standard” therapy, and a variety of factors must be considered when selecting therapy.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Commentary: A Case for Minimizing Folate Supplementation in Clinical Regimens with Pemetrexed Based on the Marked Sensitivity of the Drug to Folate Availability
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shrikanta , Tamari Roni , Min Sang H. , Zhao Rongbao , Tsai Eugenia , Goldman I. David 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPemetrexed is a novel antifolate recently approved for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. In clinical regimens, pemetrexed is administered in conjunction with folic acid to minimize toxicity. However, excessive folate supplementation may also diminish the activity of this agent. The current study demonstrates, in several human solid tumor cell lines, that when extracellular 5-formyltetrahydrofolate levels are increased in vitro, within the range of normal human blood levels, there is a substantial decrease in pemetrexed activity upon continuous exposure to the drug. This was accompanied by a comparable lower level of trimetrexate activity consistent with an expansion of tumor cell folate pools. Likewise, when cells were exposed to pemetrexed with a schedule that simulates in vivo pharmacokinetics, there was markedly less cell killing with higher extracellular folate levels. Data are provided to indicate that 5-formyltetrahydrofolate is an acceptable surrogate for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the major blood folate, for this type of in vitro study. These observations and other reports suggest that, in view of the rise in serum folate and fall in serum homocysteine that has accompanied folic acid supplementation of food in the U.S., the addition of folic acid to regimens with pemetrexed should be limited to the lowest recommended level that provides optimal protection from pemetrexed toxicity.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Ceresoli Giovanni Luca , Gridelli Cesare , Santoro Armando 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Select appropriate treatment strategies for patients with MPM.Discuss the clinical development of new agents and therapeutic strategies, and how they could be integrated into the current armamentarium.Summarize the current understandings and pitfalls in staging MPM patients.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Review: Anti–CTLA-4 Antibody Ipilimumab: Case Studies of Clinical Response and Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Weber Jeffrey 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the completed and ongoing clinical trials of ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma.Discuss the nature of immune-mediated adverse events, which are often associated with ipilimumab treatment.Describe several cases illustrating the kinetics of ipilimumab-mediated antitumor responses and the relationship to immune-mediated adverse events.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Evaluation of colon cancer elements contents in serum using statistical methods
Authors: Milde D. , Macháček J. , Stužka V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractClassification of normal and different cancer groups (TNM classification) with univariate and multivariate statistical methods according to the contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in blood serum is discussed. All serum samples were digested by acid mixture in a microwave mineralization unit prior to the analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results show that univariate methods can distinguish normal and cancer groups. Level of selenium evaluated as arithmetic mean with its standard deviation in colorectal cancer patients was (42.61 ± 23.76) µg L−1. Retransformed mean was used to evaluate levels of managanese (11.99 ± 1.71) µg L−1, copper (1.05 ± 0.06) mg L−1, zinc (2.14 ± 0.21) mg L−1, and iron (1.82 ± 0.22) mg L−1. Conclusions of multivariate statistical procedures (principal component analysis, hierarchical, and k-means clustering) do not correlate very well with the division of serum samples according to the TNM classification.
Influence of two-phase system composition on biocatalytic properties of β-galactosidase preparations
Authors: Bednarski W. , Kulikowska A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA comparison was made between the catalytic properties of β-galactosidase from Penicillium canescens and Aspergillus oryzae using lactose in two-phase systems of an organic solvent and water. It was shown that the ability of β-galactosidase preparations to synthesize galactooligosaccharides depends on the type of the solvent used (cyclohexane, hexane, toluene) and on its proportion in the two-phase system. The use of cyclohexane in the reaction medium stabilized the activity of β-galactosidase from P. canescens which was immobilized on tosylated cotton cloth, and enabled its multiple use in galactooligosaccharides synthesis.
Synthesis and properties of lanthanide(III) complexes with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid
Authors: Iwan M. , Kula A. , Rzączyńska Z. , Pikus S. , Flisiuk D. , Gomoła M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractComplexes of yttrium(III) and lanthanides(III) with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic (syringic) acid were obtained as solids with metal to ligand mole ratio of 1: 3. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, solubility, and thermal studies. The complexes are sparingly soluble in water and stable at room temperature. Compounds of light lanthanides (from La to Nd) are hydrated and they crystallize in a triclinic system. When heated, they lose water molecules in one step and in the next step they decompose to oxides. Complexes of yttrium and other lanthanides are anhydrous and crystallize in a monoclinic system. They are stable up to 300°C and then decompose to oxides. As the coordination number of lanthanide ions is usually equal to 9 or 8, one can suppose that hydroxy or methoxy groups take part in the coordination of these metal ions.
Influence of photoinitiator and curing conditions on polymerization kinetics and gloss of UV-cured coatings
Authors: Jančovičová V. , Kindernay J. , Jakubíková Z. , Mrlláková I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPolymerization kinetics and gloss of different formulations of coatings at different UV curing conditions were studied. The results showed that the photoinitiator type, its concentration, sample coating thickness, as well as the UV light intensity were the most significant factors affecting the polymerization course and the gloss of UV-cured films. The increasing concentration of the photoinitiator and the UV light intensity significantly decreased the gloss of the cured surface. The influence of the sample coating thickness on the kinetics and final gloss was also considerable.
Interactions in iron gall inks
Authors: Jančovičová V. , Čeppan M. , Havlínová B. , Reháková M. , Jakubíková Z. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSimple iron gall inks composed of gallic acid, ferrous sulfate, and gum arabic and in some cases also of copper(II) sulfate were prepared. The process of iron ion complex formation with gallic acid was investigated using UV-VIS spectroscopy, pH measurements, and by monitoring the concentration changes of Fe(II) ions. The admixture of Fe(II) ions to gallic acid induced a bathochromic shift of absorption bands at 215 nm and 265 nm in the UV-VIS spectra. Formation of a new absorbance band in the visible area was also observed and used to calculate the initial rate of complex formation. Concurrently, the pH values and the concentration of Fe(II) ions in the solution decreased. Gum arabic significantly enhanced the complex formation and its stability. On the contrary, the addition of Cu(II) ions to the solution decelerated the complex formation considerably.
Magnetically modified bentonite as a possible contrast agent in MRI of gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Bartonkova H. , Mashlan M. , Medrik I. , Jancik D. , Zboril R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA composite of iron oxide nanoparticles and mineral matrix has been studied by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and TEM. Magnetite and superparamagnetic magnetite have been identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy in the nanocomposite. A relationship between the hyperfine parameters and iron oxide particle size has been confirmed by TEM. The optimal concentration of “magnetite—bentonite” composite, when the MRI signal is fully reduced, was found for using this composite as a negative contrast agent.
The Effect of Nanoscale Confinement on the Collective Electron Transport Behavior in Au Nanoparticles Self‐Assembled in a Nanostructured Polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymer Ultra‐thin Film
Authors: Li C.‐P. , Wu C.‐H. , Wei K.‐H. , Sheu J.‐T. , Huang J. Y. , Jeng U‐S. , Liang K. S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study involves the collective electron transport behavior of sequestered Au nanoparticles in a nanostructured polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine). The monolayer thin films (ca. 30 nm) consisting of Au nanoparticles self‐assembled in the 30‐nm spherical poly(4‐vinylpyridine) domains of an polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer were prepared. From the current‐voltage characteristics of these thin films, the collective electron transport behavior of Au nanoparticles sequestered in the spherical poly(4‐vinylpyridine) nanodomains was found to be dictated by Coulomb blockade and was quasi one‐dimensional, as opposed to the three‐dimensional behavior displayed by Au nanoparticles that had been dispersed randomly in homo‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine). The threshold voltage of these composite increased linearly upon increasing the inter‐nanoparticle distance. The electron tunneling rate constant in the case of Au nanoparticles confined in poly(4‐vinylpyridine) nanodomains is eight times larger than that in the randomly distributed case and it increases upon increasing the amount of Au nanoparticles. This phenomenon indicates that manipulating the spatial arrangement of metal nanoparticles by diblock copolymer can potentially create electronic devices with higher performance.
Solution‐Processed HafSOx and ZircSOx Inorganic Thin‐Film Dielectrics and Nanolaminates
Authors: Anderson J. T. , Munsee C. L. , Hung C. M. , Phung T. M. , Herman G. S. , Johnson D. C. , Wager J. F. , Keszler D. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew thin‐film dielectrics and nanolaminates have been synthesized via aqueous‐solution deposition of Hf and Zr sulfates, where facile gelation and vitrification of the precursor solution have been achieved without organic additives. X‐ray reflectivity, imaging, and metal‐insulator‐metal capacitor performance reveal that smooth, atomically dense films are readily produced by spin coating and modest thermal treatment (T < 325 °C). Dielectric characteristics include permittivities covering the range of 9–12 with breakdown fields up to 6 MV cm–1. Performance as gate dielectrics is demonstrated in field‐effect transistors exhibiting small gate‐leakage currents and qualitatively ideal device performance. The low‐temperature processing, uniformity, and pore‐free nature of the films have also allowed construction of unique, high‐resolution nanolaminates exhibiting individual layers as thin as 3 nm.