bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Applications of Hexafluoroacetone. Part 3. Synthesis of Partially Fluorinated Heterocycles from 4,4‐Bis(trifluoromethyl) Substituted Hetero‐1,3‐dienes via C—F Bond Activation and Their Application as Trifluoromethyl Substituted Building Blocks
Authors: Burger Klaus , Hennig Lothar , Spengler Jan , Albericio Fernando 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorine‐Containing 2‐Functionalized 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds for Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Burgart Yanina V. , Saloutin Viktor , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Free‐Radical Reductions Mediated by Chiral Stannanes, Germanes, and Silanes
Authors: Beckmann Jens , Dakternieks Dainis , Schiesser Carl H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acyl Glucuronides: Biological Activity, Chemical Reactivity, and Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Stachulski Andrew V. , Harding John R. , Lindon John C. , Maggs James L. , Park B. Kevin , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Paclitaxel Prodrugs: Toward Smarter Delivery of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Skwarczynski Mariusz , Hayashi Yoshio , Kiso Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Conductive Organic Molecular Assemblies: Organic Metals, Superconductors, and Exotic Functional Materials.
Authors: Saito Gunzi , Yoshida Yukihiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metathesis of Heteroatom‐Substituted Olefins and Alkynes: Current Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Van de Weghe Pierre , Bisseret Philippe , Blanchard Nicolas , Eustache Jacques 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ligand‐Based Vascular Targeting of Disease
Authors: Rybak Jascha‐N. , Trachsel Eveline , Scheuermann Joerg , Neri Dario 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dipolar Interactions and Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Aggregates: Unterstanding Cooperative Phenomena for 1st Hyperpolarizability
Authors: Datta Ayan , Pati Swapan K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Non‐Viral Vector Based on the Quantitative Comparison of Intracellular Trafficking with Viral Vector
Authors: Akita Hidetaka , Hama Susumu , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Luminescent Transition‐Metal Polypyridine Biotin Complexes
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Hui Wai‐Ki , Chung Chi‐Keung , Tsang Keith Hing‐Kit , Lee Terence Kwok‐Ming , Ng Dominic Chun‐Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Pollutants for the Wastewater Treatment: Direct and Indirect Processes
Authors: Martinez‐Huitle Carlos A. , Ferro Sergio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benchmarking State‐of‐the‐Art ab initio Thermochemical Predictions with Accurate Pulsed‐Field Ionization Photoion—Photoelectron Measurements
Authors: Lau Kai‐Chung , Ng Cheuk‐Yiu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorescent Probes for Rapid Screening of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions at the CYP3A4 Level
Authors: Chougnet Antoinette , Grinkova Yelena , Ricard David , Sligar Stephen , Woggon Wolf‐D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSteroid derivatives bearing fluorescent groups such as anthracene, dansyl, deazaflavin, and pyrene attached to C6 were synthesized. These compounds are unique inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and display similar IC50values in the μMrange for the CYP3A4 substrates midazolam, testosterone, and nifedipine. On binding to CYP3A4, the fluorescence of the dansyl, deazaflavin, and pyrene probes is quenched by photophysical interaction of the fluorophore with the heme. The addition of drug candidates with binding constants in the nM–μMrange causes displacement of the probes from the active site, and hence leads to restoration of fluorescence. Accordingly, relative affinities of drug candidates to CYP3A4 can be easily and accurately determined by fluorescence measurements.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Investigation of Chiral Phenoxyacetic Acid Analogues with PPARα and PPARγ Agonist Activity
Authors: Fracchiolla Giuseppe , Laghezza Antonio , Piemontese Luca , Carbonara Giuseppe , Lavecchia Antonio , Tortorella Paolo , Crestani Maurizio , Novellino Ettore , Loiodice Fulvio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand‐activated transcription factors that govern lipid and glucose homeostasis, and play a central role in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, there is significant interest in developing new and specific agonists for these receptors. Herein we present screening results for a series of chiral phenoxyacetic acid analogues, some of which are potent PPARα agonists as well as PPARγ agonists. The stereochemistry of these compounds plays an important role in determining their activity; the S isomers were observed to be more active than the corresponding R isomers. Interestingly, for one of these analogues, the stereoselectivity toward PPARα was reversed, and for this reason docking experiments were performed to rationalize this peculiar behavior.
Vascular proliferations of the skin after radiation therapy for breast cancer: Clinicopathologic analysis of a series in favor of a benign process
Authors: Gengler Carole , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Leroux Agnés , Trassard Martine , Ranchère‐Vince Dominique , Valo Isabelle , Michels Jean‐Jacques , Guillou Louis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Cutaneous vascular proliferations that occur in the field of prior radiotherapy include angiosarcoma and small, cutaneous lesions with a pseudosarcomatous pattern that previously were reported as atypical vascular lesions or benign lymphangiomatous papules.METHODS.The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of 56 radiation‐induced vascular proliferations that occurred in 36 patients who received previous treatment for breast carcinoma. Data from all patients were retrieved from the files of the French Sarcoma Group. Immunostaining with D2.40 antibody was performed in 24 lesions.RESULTS.All patients (median age, 52 years) had received external radiotherapy. Small papules developed within the field of prior radiotherapy (median latency interval, 66 months). Microscopically, the lesions were relatively well circumscribed, and they were located mostly in the superficial/middermis. They were composed of dilated or irregular‐jagged vascular channels that were lined by a single layer of bland endothelial cells, and they demonstrated either a predominately lymphangioendothelioma‐like or lymphangioma/lymphangioma circumscriptum‐like growth pattern. Micropapillary tufts were common findings. Ten lesions showed additional cytologic and/or architectural atypia. Twenty of 24 lesions showed D2.40 positivity. Follow‐up information was available for 31 patients (median follow‐up, 48 months): Five women developed new cutaneous lesions, and 1 woman had spontaneous regression of her lesions. None of the patients developed cutaneous angiosarcoma. Five patients were lost to follow‐up.CONCLUSIONS.Although vascular proliferations in irradiated skin may mimic angiosarcoma morphologically, the large majority of these lesions showed a benign clinical outcome. Despite relatively limited follow‐up, the current results indicate the benign nature of these vascular proliferations. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
On the existence of potential landscape in the evolution of complex systems
Authors: Ao Ping , Kwon Chulan , Qian Hong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA recently developed treatment of stochastic processes leads to the construction of a potential landscape for the dynamical evolution of complex systems. Since the existence of a potential function in generic settings has been frequently questioned in literature, here we study several related theoretical issues that lie at core of the construction. We show that the novel treatment, via a transformation, is closely related to the symplectic structure that is central in many branches of theoretical physics. Using this insight, we demonstrate an invariant under the transformation. We further explicitly demonstrate, in one‐dimensional case, the contradistinction among the new treatment to those of Ito and Stratonovich, as well as others. Our results strongly suggest that the method from statistical physics can be useful in studying stochastic, complex systems in general. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 19–27, 2007
How large should a complex system be? An application in organizational teams
Authors: Millhiser William P. , Solow Daniel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article investigates when a growing team benefits from being divided and how complex interactions among workers and management impact this decision. The proposed model—a modification of Kauffman's NK model—has the property that team performance decreases as the size of the team increases. Analytical results and computer simulations show how team size, the amount of supervision, worker performance, interaction among employees, relationships between management and labor, and leadership skill affect when a team should be split. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 54–70, 2007
Territories, corridors, and networks: A biological model for the premodern state
Authors: Smith Monica L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhen depicted on maps as homogenous territorial wholes, ancient states are visually summarized as static entities in a way that conceals the highly fluid dynamics of polity formation, maintenance, and growth. Models derived from studies of animal behavior show that “territory” does not consist of an undifferentiated use of the landscape. Instead, the concept of territory can be parsed into a series of resource‐rich nodes linked by corridors of access, surrounded by unutilized regions and boundaries marked at points of competition. Ancient human groups also can be analyzed as having perceived and occupied landscapes through strategies of flexible networks in which nodes and corridors were surrounded by unutilized spaces around which boundaries were selectively identified and defended. This strategy is identifiable in human social groups at different levels of complexity ranging from hunter‐gatherers through ancient chiefdoms and states. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 28–35, 2007
Experimental reconsideration of spatio‐temporal dynamics observed in fluid‐elastic oscillator arrays from complex system viewpoint: From vibrating pipes in heat exchangers to waving plants in agricultural fields
Authors: Kuroda Masaharu , Moon Francis C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTransition from local complexity to global spatio‐temporal dynamics in a two‐dimensional array of fluid‐elastic oscillators is examined experimentally with an apparatus comprising 90‐1000 cantilevered rods in a wind tunnel as the Reynolds number (based on rod diameter) is increased from 200 to 900. A cluster‐pattern entropy measure is introduced as a quantitative measure of local complexity. As the intensity of interaction among neighboring elements (in this case, frequency of collisions among rods) increases, a set of the elements (in this case, a rod‐array) achieves globally better‐organized behavior. On the basis of accelerometer data, the rod impact rate versus flow velocity shows a power‐law scaling relation. Video images reveal that, initially, each rod moves individually; then clusters consisting of several rods emerge. Finally, global wave‐like motion occurs at higher flow velocities. Each wave‐like motion has its specific frequency and spatial wavelength, which vary according to wind velocity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 36–47, 2007
A Delivery System for Precursor Vapors Based on Sublimation in a Fluidized Bed
Authors: Vahlas C. , Caussat B. , Senocq F. , Gladfelter W. L. , Aloui L. , Moersch T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA fluidized‐bed, solid‐precursor delivery system is found to overcome the mass and heat transport problems encountered in a fixed‐bed system. To achieve ideal fluidization behavior, a combination of solid precursor (minor component) and inert particles such as alumina or silica (major component) are charged to the vessel. Using [Al(acac)3] as a test precursor and operating at 423K, the rate of mass transport is measured as a function of the carrier gas flow rate. When operating at carrier gas flow rates above the minimum value required to fluidize the bed, the precursor flow rate significantly exceeds the performance of the fixed‐bed system. A simple model of a solid‐precursor delivery system is developed to quantify the relationship between operating conditions and gas‐phase precursor flow rate. The concept of the fluidized bed, solid‐precursor delivery system is validated by directing the precursor and carrier gas mixture into a CVD reactor where the flow is combined with a source of water vapor and oxygen to deposit amorphous Al2O3 films on coupons of a Ti6242 alloy.
Thermodynamic Stability of Small GanNn Clusters as Intermediates in GaN CVD
Authors: Tafipolsky M. , Schmid R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSmall stoichiometric, as well as some nonstoichiometric, gallium nitride clusters of the type GanNm (n + m ≤ 8) are investigated by density functional theory (DFT), MP2, and coupled cluster, CCSD(T), calculations. The lowest energy structures of the stoichiometric clusters and the corresponding products after the loss of a nitrogen molecule have been determined. It is shown that, above room temperature, they are unstable against the loss of nitrogen molecules and therefore are even less stable than the bulk material. Thus, these clusters can be ruled out as direct intermediates for the formation of bulk GaN. This has been ignored up to now and is of crucial importance for the decomposition mechanism of single‐molecule precursor systems. It is argued that the azide group can stabilize a tetrahedral arrangement of four gallium atoms around the N atom, and a nonstoichiometric gallium nitrogen cluster like gallium azide, GaN3, can play an important role as an intermediate during the formation of bulk GaN in CVD.
Editorial: Special Issue on EUROCVD‐15
Authors: Fischer Roland A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe EUROCVD conferences are a forum for some of the very best research in chemical vapor deposition. In this Editorial, Guest Editor Roland Fischer overviews his selection of the in‐depth studies presented in this issue, based on contributions made to EUROCVD‐15 in Bochum, Germany, 2005.
Influence of a Large σ‐Donor Ligand on Structural and Catalytic Properties of Di‐Iron Compounds Related to the Active Site of Fe‐Hydrogenase – A DFT Investigation
Authors: Greco Claudio , Bruschi Maurizio , Fantucci Piercarlo , De Gioia Luca 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe complex (S2C3H6)[Fe2(CO)5P(NC4H8)3] (A), a recently synthesized functional model of the active site of Fe‐hydrogenases, is able to electrocatalyze proton reduction, leading to molecular hydrogen evolution. Experimental results suggested that the presence of the electron donor P(NC4H8)3 ligand in A could favor the formation of a μ‐CO species similar to that observed in the enzymatic cluster. However, insight into the structural features of key catalytic intermediates deriving from reduction and protonation of A was still lacking. Here we present results obtained using density functional theory to evaluate structures, relative stabilities, and spectroscopic properties of several species relevant for the electrocatalytic H2 evolving process. The results enabled us to unravel the structure of the μ‐CO complex experimentally detected after monoelectronic reduction of A. Moreover, we show that the introduction of the large electron‐donor ligand P(NC4H8)3 in the biomimetic complex does not favour the stabilization of terminal‐hydrido adducts, which are expected to be very reactive in terms of H2 production. The comparison of our findings with previous theoretical and experimental results obtained on similar model complexes suggests that the introduction of an electron donor ligand as good as P(NC4H8)3, but less sterically demanding, could represent a better choice to facilitate the formation of μ‐CO complexes more closely resembling the structure of the enzymatic cluster.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Structure of the Triaquatricarbonylrhenium(I) Cation and Its Conjugate Base
Authors: Herrick Richard S. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Çetin Aníl , Franklin Brenton R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe crystal structure of the Re(CO)3(H2O)3+ cation has been determined from crystals obtained by evaporation of an aqueous solution of [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]Br. The bromide ion is incorporated in the Re2(CO)9(μ3‐Br)3– anion. A second structure was obtained by removal of bromide as AgBr and precipitation of the Re(CO)3(H2O)3+ cation with PF6–. In the latter structure the conjugate base, Re(CO)3(OH)(H2O)2 is co‐crystallized in the structure. Each structure along with the previously known cubane [Re(CO)3(μ3‐OH)]4·4H2O was obtained multiple times during crystallization studies. The use of other anions to generate crystalline products was unsuccessful. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Medium Effect on the Reaction of N‐Butyl‐2,4,6‐trinitroaniline with NaOH
Authors: Salum María Laura , de Rossi Rita H. , Buján Elba I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction of N‐butyl‐2,4,6‐trinitroaniline (3) with NaOH have been studied in 10 and 60 % 1,4‐dioxane/H2O at 25 °C. In both cases, several processes were observed. In 10 % 1,4‐dioxane/H2O the only product formed was 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (4), whereas in 60 % 1,4‐dioxane/H2O a mixture of 4 and 5,7‐dinitro‐2‐propyl‐1H‐benzimidazole 3‐oxide (5) was observed in ratios that depend on the HO– concentration. A mechanism involving the formation of σ complexes through the addition of one or two HO– anions to unsubstituted ring positions is proposed for 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol formation. The presence of these complexes was confirmed by NMR studies in 60 % [D8]1,4‐dioxane/D2O. The mechanism suggested for the formation of the N‐oxide includes the cyclization of an N‐alkylidene‐2‐nitrosoaniline‐type intermediate as the rate‐determining step. The decrease in solvent polarity produces a decrease in the observed rate constant for the formation of 4 of about one order of magnitude making the cyclization reaction a competitive pathway. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
An Imidazolium‐Based Phosphinite Ionic Liquid (IL‐OPPh2) as a Reusable Reaction Medium and PdII Ligand in Heck Reactions of Aryl Halides with Styrene and n‐Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Azadi Roya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new imidazolium‐based phosphinite ionic liquid (IL‐OPPh2) is reported as an effective reusable medium and suitable PdII ligand for C–C bond formation through Heck coupling reactions of aryl iodides, bromides and also chlorides with styrene and n‐butyl acrylate. The ionic liquid, still containing its corresponding PdII complex, was easily recovered and reused in several runs without losing its efficiency.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Direct Preparation of N‐Glycosidic Bond‐Linked Nonionic Carbohydrate‐Based Surfactant (NICBS) via Ritter Reaction
Authors: Wang Zerong Daniel , Sheikh Samia O. , Cox Shannon , Zhang Yulu , Massey Keegan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Ritter reaction has been successfully extended to the direct preparation of N‐glycosidic bond‐linked nonionic carbohydrate‐based surfactants from carbohydrates and nitriles in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) and silver perchlorate (AgClO4) on a high‐speed mechanical shaker. The new surfactant molecules have the features of low toxicity, environmental compatibility and biodegradability. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Development of a Progesterone Immunosensor Based on a Colloidal Gold‐Graphite‐Teflon Composite Electrode
Authors: Carralero V. , González‐Cortés A. , Yáñez‐Sedeño P. , Pingarrón J. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel amperometric immunosensor for the determination of progesterone, based on direct attachment of antiprogesterone on a gold nanoparticles‐modified graphite‐Teflon composite electrode is reported. Competitive assay involving progesterone labeled with alkaline phosphatase (AP), and 1‐naphtyl phosphate as the enzyme substrate, was employed. The product of the enzyme reaction, 1‐naphtol was detected amperometrically at +0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Variables involved in the immunosensor preparation such as the colloidal gold loading and the amount of anti‐Prog immobilized, as well as in the immunosensing event (pH, Prog/Prog‐AP ratio and volume) were optimized. A calibration plot was obtained for progesterone with a linear range between 0 and 30 ng mL−1, and a slope value, −1.2 nA ng−1 mL, which is remarkably higher than that reported for other progesterone biosensors. A good repeatability of the amperometric measurements, RSD=3.5% (n=10), and an acceptable fabrication reproducicility, RSD=8.2% (n=3), were obtained. The developed anti‐Prog‐Aucoll‐graphite‐Teflon immunosensor was applied to the progesterone determination in milk. Recovery at the 3.5 ng mL−1 progesterone concentration level was of 101±6% (n=7).