bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Geological Vulnerability Assessment in Northern Shanxi Province Based on SRP Model
Authors: CAI Yanlong , GUO Xiaoyu , LIU Junshuai , WANG Dake , ZHENG Jilin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Assessing ecological geological vulnerability is crucial for the protection and restoration of regional ecological environments. Considering the strategic ecological importance of Northern Shanxi Province, this study undertakes a thorough regional ecological geological vulnerability assessment, aiming to devise specific countermeasures and generate insightful research contributions. This methodology guides ecological environment evaluations and restorations in Northern Shanxi Province and similar Northwestern Chinese regions. Centering on Northern Shanxi Province, the study utilizes the Sensitivity-Resilience-Pressure (SRP) model to meticulously select 11 indicators, encompassing slope, soil erosion intensity, and the Enhanced Vegetation Indicator (EVI). The study employs analytical methods such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and principal component analysis (PCA) to perform the ecological geological vulnerability assessment. The study results show that the ecological geological vulnerability comprehensive indicator (EGVCI) for Northern Shanxi Province is approximately 3.97. Regions with the moderate to extreme vulnerability represent about 23.7% of the total area, mainly distributed in the basin-mountain transition zones and the western low-mountain areas, with the primary ecological geological issues of environmental problems caused by open-pit mining activities, soil erosion, land salinization. Ecological geological vulnerability in Northern Shanxi Province primarily resides at a mild level. The driving factors of the vulnerability are soil erosion intensity, mineral exploitation intensity, water conservation capacity, land use type, slope, and the Enhanced Vegetation Indicator (EVI).
Relative and absolute intensity accelerometer metrics decipher the effects of age, sex, and occupation on physical activity
Authors: Schwendinger Fabian , Knaier Raphael , Wagner Jonathan , Infanger Denis , Lichtenstein Eric , Hinrichs Timo , Rowlands Alex V. , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate whether quantifying both the absolute and relative intensity of physical activity (PA) improves understanding of age, sex, and occupation-related differences in PA in healthy adults aged 20–89.
Methods
In the cross-sectional COmPLETE study, participants (N = 460, 48% women, age 55 [IQR 37, 71]) wore accelerometers for up to 14 days and underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Average intensity (AvAcc) and distribution of intensity (IG) of PA across the day were expressed in absolute terms (_ABS) and relative (_REL) to the acceleration at the individual´s maximum intensity, predicted from cardiorespiratory fitness.
Results
After initial increases, AvAcc_ABS and IG_ABS continuously declined beyond age 40–45, whereas AvAcc_REL and IG_REL increased until stabilising at age ~ 70 and declining at age ~ 60, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness constantly declined. Women had trivially higher AvAcc_ABS and moderately higher AvAcc_REL, but not IG_ABS and IG_REL, than men. Occupations involving ≥ moderate PA showed higher AvAcc_ABS and AvAcc_REL, but not IG_ABS and IG_REL indicating longer periods of low-intensity PA, compared to sitting/standing occupations.
Conclusions
Distinct age trajectories of absolute and relative metrics as well as cardiorespiratory fitness suggest that the age-related decline in the latter preceded that of PA. Women’s higher AvAcc_ABS and AvAcc_REL relate to more low-intensity PA combined with lower cardiorespiratory fitness rather than more health-enhancing higher-intensity PA. Finally, the intensity profile of occupational PA may provide insight into why occupational PA appears to lack a prophylactic association with health. Quantifying both the absolute and relative intensity of accelerometer-assessed PA provides greater insight than either alone.
Trial registration:
On clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03986892). Retrospectively registered 14 June 2019.
Nonlinear optical response of molybdenum disulfide film and its application for Yb: YAG solid laser
Authors: Li Guangying , Xie Liang , Wang Xu , Lou Rui , Zhang Guodong , Wang Jiang , Cheng Guanghua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film has been recognized as a promising optical modulator for pulsed laser due to its excellent optical nonlinear characteristic. In this article, continuous and large-area MoS2 film growth on quartz substrate by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was researched. The Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were implemented to demonstrate the excellent crystalline quality of the MoS2 thin film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were utilized to assess the thickness and morphology of the created MoS2 thin film, indicating that the MoS2 film exhibits surface uniformity and comprises only a few layers. Z-scan technology and balanced synchronous twin-detector technique were applied to reveal the nonlinear optical characteristics of MoS2 film growth on quartz substrate, and a large third order nonlinear absorption coefficient of -3.94×104 cm/GW and modulation depth of 21.8% was obtained, respectively. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated a bulk Yb: YAG crystal solid Q-switched laser based on MoS2 film as saturable absorber (SA). Nanosecond laser pulse trains and the pulse duration of 703 ns were obtained, that is the narrowest pulse duration for the Yb: YAG solid Q-switched laser based on MoS2 film for our knowledge. The findings provide a pathway for the employment of the MoS2 growth on quartz substrate by RF magnetron sputtering in near-infrared pulsed laser applications.
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma progressing to Nodal T follicular helper cell lymphomas with aberrant CD20 expression and monoclonal TCR, IG rearrangements: A case report
Authors: Zhu Ning , Zhang Li , Song Liling , Li Na , Sui Xiaolong , Yang Ping , Liu Xiaoqian , Yu Guohua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
CHL is a rare malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system. While CHL typically responds well to conventional treatments, some cases may experience relapse or progression to other subtypes, with the development of secondary PTCL being relatively uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of nTFHL-NOS arising from CHL, accompanied by aberrant CD20 expression and clonal rearrangements of TCR and IG.
Case presentation:
A 74-year-old male, was diagnosed with CHL, leaning towards the mixed cell type, six years ago. He received six cycles of the ABVD regimen, achieving complete clinical remission. The patient was admitted to our hospital due to the appearance of multiple skin nodules 66 months later. Physical examination showed a palpable mass measuring 3cm × 2cm in its largest dimension on the skin of the right shoulder blade, characterized by firm consistency and limited mobility. A subcutaneous tissue biopsy of the right shoulder blade was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed nTFHL-NOS, with aberrant CD20 expression and clonal rearrangements of TCR and IG. The patient underwent two cycles of chemotherapy with brentuximab vedotin and the G-mox regimen, resulting in a reduction of the skin lesions to 2cm × 1cm.
Conclusion
EBV infection, complex tumor microenvironment, and genetic susceptibility may all contribute to the occurrence of CHL progressing to PTCL. Addressing the stability of the tumor microenvironment during CHL treatment to mitigate the risk of secondary PTCL development poses a significant challenge that warrants investigation.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of topical pan-JAK inhibitor in a chronic graft-versus- host disease model mouse
Authors: Sato Shinri , Asai Kazuki , Ogawa Yoko , Shimizu Eisuke , Shimizu Shota , Taniguchi Hiroko , Okazaki Takahiro , Shimmura Shigeto , Negishi Kazuno , Hirayama Masatoshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Systemic administration of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors is effective in treating chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) but is associated with side effects. Topical drug administration is an effective approach in minimizing these effects. We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of topical delgocitinib administration in a cGVHD mouse model. Allogenic bone-marrow transplantation (BMT) was performed from B10.D2. to BALB/c mice, leading to cGVHD. cGVHD mice were treated with delgocitinib eye drops or ointments; their samples were analyzed 4 weeks post-BMT. Topical delgocitinib ointment and eye-drop administration significantly increased the meibomian-gland (MG) area and attenuated corneal epithelial damage. Pathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a substantial reduction in inflammation and pathological fibrosis of the skin and eyelids in delgocitinib-treated cGVHD mice. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, and STAT5A phosphorylation was significantly increased in the back skin and eyelids of vehicle-treated cGVHD mice; topical delgocitinib administration significantly reduced the expression of these phosphorylated STAT molecules. Delgocitinib eye drops significantly attenuated corneal epithelial damage, MG acinar depletion, and inflammatory cells infiltration in cGVHD mouse corneas. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in cGVHD mice. In summary, a topical delgocitinib administration attenuated cGVHD phenotype severity in the skin and eyes of cGVHD mice.
Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Its Associated Factors Among Health Professionals in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive &amp; Specialised Hospital, Bahir-dar, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Getu Bekalu , Mulugeta Yeshalem , Almaw Hunegnaw 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Health professionals are considered as an epitome for the population by keeping their healthy life including not to be obese. Unfortunately, health care providers are a part of the social groups those are mostly affected by abdominal obesity which is a devastating public health problem.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to estimate the magnitude of abdominal obesity and its associated factors among health professionals.
Methods and Materials
An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was employed. Data was collected using Self-administered structured questionnaires. Abdominal obesity was measured by waist circumference measurement parameters with trained data collectors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of abdominal obesity at a p-value of less than 0.05. The strength and direction of association was computed using adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI.
Results
The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 47.2% (95%CI:42.4%, 52.5%) among the overall health professionals. Being female (AOR = 10,95%CI:5.2,20), age group 35–54(AOR = 2.1,95%CI:2.6,19.2), consumed fruits < 2 times/day (AOR = 6.3, 95%CI: 3.15, 12.4), consumed sugar and sweets ≥ 2 times/week (AOR = 2.6,95%CI:1.3,5.4), consumed fats > 3 times/week(AOR = 2.4,95%CI:1.1,5.2), meals not prepared at home(AOR = 1.7,95%CI:0.8,3.3) and being physically inactive (AOR = 2.6(1.3 5.3) were significantly associated for the occurrence of abdominal obesity.
Conclusions
The magnitude of abdominal obesity in this study was high compared to other studies. Thus focusing on the risk factors of abdominal obesity could be a compulsory assignment to combat its impact among health professionals
Personalized Optimization of Systematic Prostate Biopsy Core Number Based on mpMRI Radiomics Features
Authors: Chen Zhenlin , Li Zhihao , Dou Ruiling , Lin Shaoshan , Lin Zequn , Xu Yue , Liu Ciquan , Zheng Zijie , Lin Yewen , Jiang Shaoqin , Li Mengqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is definitively diagnosed by systematic prostate biopsy (SBx) with 13 cores. This method, however, can increase the risk of urinary retention, infection and bleeding due to the excessive number of biopsy cores.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 622 patients who underwent SBx with prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) from two centers between January 2014 to June 2022. The MRI data were collected to manually segment Regions of Interest (ROI) of the tumor layer by-layer. ROI reconstructions were fused to form VOIs, which were exported and applied to subsequent extraction of radiomics features. The t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests and chi-squared tests were performed to evaluated the significance of features. The logistic regression was used for calculating the PCa risk score(PCS). The PCS model was trained to optimize the SBx core number, utilizing both mpMRI radiomics and clinical features.
Results
The predicted number of SBx cores were determined by PCS model. Optimal core numbers of SBx for PCS subgroups 1–5 were calculated as 13, 10, 8, 6, and 6, respectively. Accuracies of predicted core numbers were high: 100%, 95.8%, 91.7%, 90.6%, and 92.7% for PCS subgroups 1–5. Optimized SBx reduced core rate by 41.9%. Leakage rates for PCa and clinically significant PCa were 8.2% and 3.4%, respectively. The optimized SBx also demonstrated high accuracies on the validation set.
Conclusion
The optimization PCS model described in this study could therefore effectively reduce the number of systematic biopsy cores obtained from patients with high PCS. This method can enhance patient experiences without reducing tumor detection rate.
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) prevents killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by indolicidin
Authors: Waz Natalha T. , Milani Barbara , Assoni Lucas , Coelho Guilherme Rabelo , Sciani Juliana M. , Parisotto Thais , Ferraz Lucio F.C. , Hakansson Anders P. , Converso Thiago R. , Darrieux Michelle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae that binds to lactoferrin and protects the bacterium from the bactericidal action of lactoferricins – cationic peptides released upon lactoferrin proteolysis. The present study investigated if PspA can prevent killing by another cationic peptide, indolicidin. PspA-negative pneumococci were more sensitive to indolicidin-induced killing than bacteria expressing PspA, suggesting that PspA prevents the bactericidal action of indolicidin. Similarly, chemical removal of choline-binding proteins increased sensitivity to indolicidin. The absence of capsule and PspA had an additive effect on pneumococcal killing by the AMP. Furthermore, anti-PspA antibodies enhanced the bactericidal effect of indolicidin on pneumococci, while addition of soluble PspA fragments competitively inhibited indolicidin action. Previous in silico analysis suggests a possible interaction between PspA and indolicidin. Thus, we hypothesize that PspA acts by sequestering indolicidin and preventing it from reaching the bacterial membrane. A specific interaction between PspA and indolicidin was demonstrated by mass spectrometry, confirming that PspA can actively bind to the AMP. These results reinforce the vaccine potential of PspA and suggest a possible mechanism of innate immune evasion employed by pneumococci, which involves binding to cationic peptides and hindering their ability to damage the bacterial membranes.
Identification of Genetic Loci Associated with Flavonoid Content in Sweet Corn Across Different Populations and Environments
Authors: Tang Yunqi , Wang Shifeng , Wang Yang , Zhong Jianbin , Zhang Xinyi , Zhai Lihong , Huang Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Flavonoids play essential roles in plant growth and development, enhancing stress resistance. Moreover, flavonoids are vital in maintaining human health. To develop flavonoid-rich sweet corn varieties by genetic intervention, understanding the genetic basis of variation in flavonoid content is necessary. In this study, regulatory genetic mechanism of content of six flavonoids [dihydrokaempferol (DIH), quercetin (QUE), apigenin (API), kaempferol (KAE), isoquercitrin (ISO), and naringenin (NAR)] in two environments (Zengcheng and Zhuhai) was investigated. Two populations were used: the introgression line (IL) population with 187 families constructed with the sweet corn inbred lines “HZ11” and “ZX127” and the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 197 families derived from the cross of two sweet corn inbred lines (K44 and F22). A total of 145 flavonoid-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, which were distributed on 10 chromosomes (Chr) of sweet corn, with 33, 26, 27, 7, 11, and 41 QTLs for DIH, QUE, API, KAE, ISO, and NAR, respectively. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by individual QTLs ranged from 0.24–16.03%. Among them, 11 flavonoid-related QTLs could be stably detected in two different environments. Six QTLs (qQUE2.1a, qAPI2.1a, qAPI4.1a, qISO2a, qNAR7.2a, and qNAR8a) were detected in the IL population in two environments and were evaluated using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method. Only one QTL in the RIL population, namely, qKAE1d, was the main QTL controlling KAE. Seven stable QTL clusters were detected on five different chromosomes, including 2, 2, 1, 1, and 1 on Chr 2, Chr 4, Chr 7, Chr 8, and Chr 9, respectively. This suggested that these clusters may be responsible for controlling flavonoid QTLs in sweet corn. These findings provided a basis for nutritional quality improvement using marker-assisted selection breeding and clarified the genetic mechanism of flavonoid content in sweet corn.
Radiomics analysis based on semi-automatic image segmentation of ultrasound for preoperative evaluation of Mammotome-assisted minimally invasive resection
Authors: Huang Zhenfeng , Zhu Qingqing , Li Yijie , Wang Kunyi , Zhang Yideng , Zhong Qiaowei , Li Yi , Zeng Qingan , Zhong Haihong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Previous radiomics studies still relied on manual delineation. DeepLabv3_resnet50 and FCN_resnet50 are deep neural networks commonly used for semantic segmentation in recent years. This study evaluated the effects of two different networks for semi-automatic segmentation of ultrasound images, and established an ensemble model.
Purpose
Performing a preoperative assessment prior to Mammotome-assisted minimally invasive resection to aid physicians in guiding more precise individualized treatments, our research aims to develop an ultrasound-based semi-automatic segmentation ensemble learning model for preoperative assessment
Methods
From November 2018 to November 2023, we retrospectively collected preoperative ultrasound images from 733 patients and randomly assigned them to two cohorts in an 8:2 ratio: a training cohort and a testing cohort. Among these, 230 patients without breast tumors were also randomly divided into training and testing cohorts following the same 8:2 ratio. We then selected DeepLabv3_resnet50 and FCN_resnet50 models for semi-automatic image segmentation. Radiomic features and deep transfer learning features were extracted from both semi-automatic segmentation outcomes to construct radiomic models, deep learning models, and deep learning radiomic models. An ensemble learning strategy was employed to integrate the deep learning radiomic models from both pathways with clinical models. The predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curve analysis.
Results
The semi-automatic segmentation model, DeepLabv3_resnet50, achieved a peak global accuracy of 99.4% and an average Dice coefficient of 92.0% at its best epoch. On the other hand, the FCN_resnet50 model exhibited a peak global accuracy of 99.5% and an average Dice coefficient of 93.7% at its best epoch.In the task of predicting tumor and non-tumor patients, the stacking model ultimately demonstrated an AUC of 0.890 in the training cohort (with a sensitivity of 0.844 and a specificity of 0.815) and an AUC of 0.780 in the testing cohort (with a sensitivity of 0.713 and a specificity of 0.739).In the task of predicting adenosis and other lesion types, the stacking model achieved an AUC of 0.890 in the training cohort (with a sensitivity of 0.613 and a specificity of 0.859) and an AUC of 0.771 in the testing cohort (with a sensitivity of 0.759 and a specificity of 0.765).
Conclusion
Our study has established an ensemble learning model grounded in semi-automatic segmentation techniques. This model accurately distinguishes between tumor and non-tumor patients preoperatively, as well as discriminates adenosis from other lesion types among the non-tumor cohort, thus providing valuable insights for individualized treatment planning.
Socioeconomic deprivation is an important risk factor for frailty in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Ji Yi-Qi , Niu Ben , Deng Fei-Yan , Lei Shu-Feng , Bo Lin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Frailty and socioeconomic deprivation are well-established determinants of health, but little is known about their correlation. This study aims to explore the phenotypic connection and the underlying mediation factors between socioeconomic deprivation and frailty.
Methods
A total of 205,654 eligible participants from UK Biobank were used for the analysis. Frailty phenotype was based on five criteria (weight loss, exhaustion, grip strength, low physical activity, slow walking pace). Socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using the Townsend Deprivation Index from the UK Biobank. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the sociodemographic characteristics and long-term conditions of participants with frailty or pre-frailty to those of non-frail participants. Mediation analyses were conducted to confirm whether inflammation and mental state were involved in modulating the association.
Results
The frailty group has higher socioeconomic deprivation than non-frailty group (P < 0.001). Socioeconomic deprivation was significantly associated with each phenotypic indicator of frailty after adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons. The mediation analysis revealed that the majority of the inflammatory factors and three psychological indicators had partial and significant mediation effects on the association between TDI and frailty.
Conclusions
Socioeconomic deprivation is an important risk factor for frailty, and chronic inflammation and mental health partially mediate these associations.