bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudden fetal hemorrhage from umbilical cord ulcer associated with congenital intestinal atresia
Authors: Miyachi Keiko , Kikuchi Akihiko , Kitsunezaki Masako , Sunagawa Sorahiro , Hiroma Takehiko , Takagi Kimiyo , Ogiso Yoshifumi , Nakamura Tomohiko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere have been several reports of umbilical cord ulcer (UCU) associated with congenital intestinal atresia, many cases of which have been reported with fetal or neonatal death. Herein is described the case of a fetus with jejunal atresia complicated by acute massive intrauterine hemorrhage due to the perforation of UCU resulting in an intact survival. Although the onset of critical condition in the present case was noted due to continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring, it is necessary to establish the management of congenital intestinal atresia to prevent this life‐threatening fetal hemorrhage.
Abundant proteorhodopsin genes in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Campbell Barbara J. , Waidner Lisa A. , Cottrell Matthew T. , Kirchman David L. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryProteorhodopsin (PR) is a light‐driven proton pump that has been found in a variety of marine bacteria, including Pelagibacter ubique, a member of the ubiquitous SAR11 clade. The goals of this study were to explore the diversity of PR genes and to estimate their abundance in the North Atlantic Ocean using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). We found that PR genes in the western portion of the Sargasso Sea could be grouped into 27 clusters, but five clades had the most sequences. Sets of specific QPCR primers were designed to examine the abundance of PR genes in the following four of the five clades: SAR11 (P. ubique and other SAR11 Alphaproteobacteria), BACRED17H8 (Alphaproteobacteria), HOT2C01 (Alphaproteobacteria) and an uncultured subgroup of the Flavobacteria. Two groups (SAR11 and HOT2C01) dominated PR gene abundance in oligotrophic waters, but were significantly less abundant in nutrient‐ and chlorophyll‐rich waters. The other two groups (BACRED17H8 and Flavobacteria subgroup NASB) were less abundant in all waters. Together, these four PR gene types were found in 50% of all bacteria in the Sargasso Sea. We found a significant negative correlation between total PR gene abundance and nutrients and chlorophyll but no significant correlation with light intensity for three of the four PR types in the depth profiles north of the Sargasso Sea. Our data suggest that PR is common in the North Atlantic Ocean, especially in SAR11 bacteria and another marine alphaproteobacterial group (HOT2C01), and that these PR‐bearing bacteria are most abundant in oligotrophic waters.
THE GEOGRAPHICAL IMPRINT OF LAND RESTITUTION WITH REFERENCE TO LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: RAMUTSINDELA MAANO 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the geographical imprint of land restitution against earlier views that land reform in South Africa will result in the enlargement of former bantustans (homelands), and that it will give black people marginal land. Those views, and their underlying assumptions not only suggest that it would be difficult to dismantle apartheid geography, but also imply that land reform has the potential to reinforce that geography. This begs the question of the manner in which South Africa's land reform programme might contribute to the consolidation of the spatial legacy of apartheid. In this paper Limpopo Province is referred to to conclude that the government's approach to land restitution, together with the pattern and resolution of land claims, largely account for the emerging spatial consolidation of the geography of the former bantustans. It also demonstrates that the resolution of land claims has moved from ‘a case‐by‐case’ to ‘a policy‐oriented’ approach between 1994 and 2004.
THE COMMERCE CLAUSE AS A CONSTRAINT ON WASTEFUL BUSINESS INCENTIVES: ROADBLOCK OR BUMP IN THE ROAD IN THE ‘RACE TO THE BOTTOM?’
Authors: MCCARTHY LINDA 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTState and local economic development efforts have grown during the last three decades in the United States. Some public incentives for companies may be effective, including those for high unemployment areas; others may be wasteful, especially if they retain corporations that merely threaten to leave. As companies increasingly expect incentives, however, governments find themselves in a ‘race to the bottom’– the only way to remain competitive is to offer more. Having identified arguments for and against incentives, this paper considers the prospects for addressing wasteful competition, including, in the absence of Congressional action, the US Supreme Court's application of the Commerce Clause to strike down incentives that discriminate against interstate commerce. A review of a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of incentives for the DaimlerChrysler Toledo Jeep plant finds that the Commerce Clause is not a solution for wasteful competition. Another model to consider is the European Union's regulation of incentives.
FLOOD RISK, UNCERTAINTY AND CHANGING RIVER PROTECTION POLICY IN THE NETHERLANDS: THE CASE OF ‘CALAMITY POLDERS’
Authors: ROTH DIK , WARNER JEROEN 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTExtreme river discharges, floods and debates about climate change triggered a shift in flood protection policy in the Netherlands from infrastructural to spatial measures. The new policy directive of ‘Room for the River’, details of which were introduced in 2000, should prepare the country for future peak discharges. In order to deal with ‘residual risk’, the concept of ‘calamity polders’ for ‘controlled flooding’ was launched in the same year. In this contribution we discuss the local protests against these plans against the backdrop of changed thinking about flood protection. We analyse the emergence of the concept, the commission established to inquire into the calamity polder plans, as well as local resistance and the counter‐expertise it mobilised. We conclude that the choice to limit public participation in the debates about calamity polders has backfired. It has contributed to the shelving of the plans while increasing public distrust of flood policy. At the same time this episode has created some awareness among policy‐makers of the importance of dialogue with the inhabitants of areas affected by flood policy measures.
Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
Authors: Stanley Rachael L. , Fleck Roland A. , Becker David L. , Goodship Allen E. , Ralphs Jim R. , Patterson‐Kane Janet C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInjury to the energy‐storing superficial digital flexor tendon is common in equine athletes and is age‐related. Tenocytes in the superficial digital flexor tendon of adult horses appear to have limited ability to respond adaptively to exercise or prevent the accumulation of strain‐induced microdamage. It has been suggested that conditioning exercise should be introduced during the growth period, when tenocytes may be more responsive to increased quantities or intensities of mechanical strain. Tenocytes are linked into networks by gap junctions that allow coordination of synthetic activity and facilitate strain‐induced collagen synthesis. We hypothesised that there are reductions in cellular expression of the gap junction proteins connexin (Cx) 43 and 32 during maturation and ageing of the superficial digital flexor tendon that do not occur in the non‐injury‐prone common digital extensor tendon. Cryosections from the superficial digital flexor tendon and common digital extensor tendon of 5 fetuses, 5 foals (1–6 months), 5 young adults (2–7 years) and 5 old horses (18–33 years) were immunofluorescently labelled and quantitative confocal laser microscopy was performed. Expression of Cx43 and Cx32 protein per tenocyte was significantly higher in the fetal group compared with all other age groups in both tendons. The density of tenocytes was found to be highest in immature tissue. Higher levels of cellularity and connexin protein expression in immature tendons are likely to relate to requirements for tissue remodelling and growth. However, if further studies demonstrate that this correlates with greater gap junctional communication efficiency and synthetic responsiveness to mechanical strain in immature compared with adult tendons, it could support the concept of early introduction of controlled exercise as a means of increasing resistance to later injury.
Klippel‐Feil syndrome with other associated anomalies in a medieval Portuguese skeleton (13th–15th century)
Authors: Fernandes Teresa , Costa Catarina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractKlippel‐Feil syndrome, or synostosis of the cervical spine, is the result of an abnormal division of somites during embryonic development. This report analyses an adult male (exhumed from a Portuguese graveyard dating from the 13th to the 15th century) with malformations in the cranium and vertebral column. Besides the lesions that are typical of Klippel‐Feil syndrome type II, other defects usually linked to this pathology are described (occipito‐atlantal fusion, hemivertebrae, butterfly vertebrae, cervical rib, changes in normal number of vertebral segments and a possible Sprengel deformity).
Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits
Authors: Thorell Lisa B. 
Published: September 2007

Background:  The present study examined the distinct properties of executive functioning in relation to ADHD symptoms, as well as functional outcomes associated with ADHD. In line with the dual‐pathway model of ADHD, executive functioning and delay aversion were expected to show independent effects on ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, relations to early academic skills were examined, and it was hypothesized that the two processes of the dual‐pathway model can be differentiated in terms of their effect on academic skill deficits, such that EF deficits, but not delay aversion, mediate the link between ADHD and academic functioning.Results:  As hypothesized, both EF deficits and delay aversion were independently related to ADHD symptoms. However, when conducting separate analyses for the two ADHD symptom domains, only the effect of EF deficits was independently related to symptoms of inattention, whereas only the effect of delay aversion was independently related to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. The mediation analysis showed that EF deficits, but not delay aversion, act as a mediator in the relation between symptoms of inattention and both mathematics and language skills. In addition, there was also a significant direct effect of inattention on early academic skills.Conclusions:  The findings of the present study are of importance for current models of heterogeneity in ADHD as they 1) provide further support for the notion that EF deficits and delay aversion are two possible pathways to ADHD, 2) add new interesting knowledge by showing that EF deficits and delay aversion can be differentiated in terms of their relations to the two ADHD symptom domains, and 3) indicate that the two processes of the dual‐pathway model can also be differentiated in terms of their effect on functional impairments associated with ADHD.
Successful management of chylous ascites after living donor liver transplantation with somatostatin
Authors: Ijichi Hideki , Soejima Yuji , Taketomi Akinobu , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Uchiyama Hideaki , Harada Noboru , Yonemura Yusuke , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChylous ascites is a rare complication following liver transplantation. A variety of treatment options have been proposed for the management of chylous ascites; however, their effectiveness following a liver transplant is unknown. A 40‐year‐old woman who underwent living donor liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis developed chylous ascites 21 days after the transplant. A conventional treatment consisting of a low‐fat diet with total parenteral nutrition failed to treat the complication for 104 days. However, the use of somatostatin in combination with total parenteral nutrition resulted in a rapid falloff in chyle output without any adverse effects. Somatostatin and total parenteral nutrition are an effective option for the treatment of chylous ascites after living donor liver transplantation.
Childhood Pustular Psoriasis Associated with Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin‐Producing Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pouessel Guillaume , Ythier Hubert , Carpentier Olivier , Vachée Anne , Etienne Jerome , Catteau Benoit 
Published: September 2007

Abstract:  We report the association of a generalized pustular psoriasis and infection by Staphylococcus aureus which produced Panton‐Valentine leukocidin in a 5‐year‐old child. Another S. aureus strain with the same toxin gene content was also isolated among three family members presenting with cutaneous lesions. Although a methicillin‐resistant staphylococcal strain has been reported in association with pustular psoriasis, this is the first report of a Panton‐Valentine leukocidin strain associated with generalized pustular psoriasis. The causal relationship between S. aureus produced Panton‐Valentine leukocidin and skin lesions is discussed.
ICTAL EEG Fast Activity in West Syndrome: From Onset to Outcome
Authors: Panzica Ferruccio , Binelli Simona , Canafoglia Laura , Casazza Marina , Freri Elena , Granata Tiziana , Avanzini Giuliano , Franceschetti Silvana 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: To characterize the fast EEG activities associated with infantile spasms in West syndrome, and their value in predicting the recurrence and localization of late seizures.
Methods: We selected 23 infants who were followed for at least 2 years. Selected EEG recordings underwent autospectra, coherence, and phase analyses in order to assess the changes during follow‐up.
Results: Short discharges of fast‐rhythms (331 ± 190 ms) with a lateralized onset were detected in 18 of the 23 infants (78.3%). There were no significant differences in the parameters characterizing ICTAL beta‐activity (frequency, duration, inter‐hemispheric coherence, or transfer time) between the infants with or without seizure recurrence. However, beta‐discharges with a consistent location formed part of the ICTAL EEG in all 10 infants with seizure recurrence, but only in eight (61.5%) of those who remained seizure‐free (SF) (p < 0.05). In all but one of the infants experiencing seizure recurrence, the ICTAL discharges associated with the late seizures apparently originated from the same hemisphere as that involved at the beginning of the spasm‐associated beta‐activity, although the precise location varied.
Conclusions: Spectral, coherence and phase analyses detected spasm‐associated runs of lateralized beta‐rhythms in many of our infants with West syndrome. This ICTAL pattern significantly correlated with seizure recurrence. The consistent lateralization of the ICTAL EEG events associated with both the early spasms and late seizures suggests that EEG beta‐activities should be considered as indicating local cortical dysfunction in infants who fail to respond to early treatment and often progress toward severe epilepsy.
Synchronization Clusters of Interictal Activity in the Lateral Temporal Cortex of Epileptic Patients: Intraoperative Electrocorticographic Analysis
Authors: Ortega Guillermo J. , Menendez de la Prida Liset , Sola Rafael G. , Pastor Jesus 
Published: September 2007

SummaryObjective:Drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can be treated by tailored surgery guided by electrocorticography (ECoG). Although its value is still controversial, ECoG activity can provide continuous information on intracortical interactions that may be useful to understand the pathophysiology of TLE. The goal of this study is to characterize local interactions in multichannel ECoG recordings of the lateral cortex of TLE patients using three synchronization measures and to link this information with surgical outcome.Methods:Intraoperative ECoG recordings from 29 TLE patients were obtained using grids of 20 electrodes (4 × 5) covering regions T1, T2, and T3 of the lateral temporal lobe. Linear correlation, mutual information, and phase synchronization were calculated to quantify lateral intracortical interactions. Surrogate data files were generated to test results statistically.Results:By distributing locally the interactions between the electrodes, we characterized the spatial patterns of ECoG activity. We found clusters of synchronized activity at specific areas of the lateral temporal cortex in most patients. Methodologically, linear correlation and phase synchronization performed better than mutual information for cluster discrimination. ROC analysis suggested that surgical removal of sharply defined synchronization clusters correlated with seizure control.Conclusions:Our results show that synchronous intraoperative ECoG activity emerges from specific cortical areas that are highly differentiated from the rest of the temporal cortex. This suggests that synchronization analysis could be used to functionally map into the temporal cortex of TLE patients. Moreover, our results suggest that these sites might be involved in the circuits that participate in clinical seizures.
Dramatic Weight Loss with Levetiracetam
Authors: Gelisse Philippe , Juntas‐Morales Raul , Genton Pierre , Hillaire‐Buys Dominique , Diaz Ophélie , Coubes Philippe , Crespel Arielle 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Background: Levetiracetam is considered a “weight‐neutral” drug. We report 19 cases of significant weight loss associated with levetiracetam at a dose ranging from 500 to 2000 mg/day.
Methods: The population was divided into two groups. Group 1 includes patients in whom levetiracetam was the only possible cause of weight loss and Group 2 those in whom other factors may have played a role. Similar cases reported by the French national drug safety center were added (Group 3).
Results: Group 1 included 9 females and 3 males (weight loss ranging from 8.1% to 28.6%). Three patients had levetiracetam in monotherapy. Prior levetiracetam only three were overweight. One patient was hospitalized for a thorough assessment of weight loss. Seven patients reported reduced caloric intake due to decreased pleasure with food. The other five did not report any changes in feeding behavior. Group 2 included seven females with a weight loss ranging from 10% to 26.6%. One patient was on topiramate since two years prior to levetiracetam. Weight loss started with the introduction of levetiracetam. In 4 patients, there was a decreased dosage or cessation of a previous drug known to produce weight gain in some cases simultaneously to the introduction of levetiracetam, but in two of these patients these drugs had not produced any weight gain. Group 3 included only two patients (weight loss: 7 and 20 kg).
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that levetiracetam can cause significant weight loss. Women are at higher risk while initial weight is not a factor.
Steady‐state Pharmacokinetics of Lamotrigine when Converting from a Twice‐daily Immediate‐release to a Once‐daily Extended‐release Formulation in Subjects with Epilepsy (The COMPASS Study)
Authors: Tompson Debra J , Ali Imran , Oliver‐Willwong Ruth , Job Sarah , Zhu Li , Lemme Francesca , Hammer Anne E , Vuong Alain , Messenheimer John A 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of lamotrigine (LTG) when converting from twice‐daily immediate‐release (LTG‐IR) to once‐daily extended‐release (LTG‐XR) in subjects with epilepsy.
Methods: An open‐label, conversion study was conducted, consisting of a 2‐week LTG‐IR Baseline Phase, followed by a 2‐week LTG‐XR Treatment Phase and a 1‐week LTG‐IR Phase. Forty‐four subjects (≥13 years of age) were enrolled and grouped as metabolically neutral (15), induced (15), or inhibited (14) based on the effects of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the clearance of LTG. The primary outcome was LTG PK parameters upon conversion. Secondary outcomes included seizure frequency, adverse events, and subject's preference.
Results: LTG‐XR and LTG‐IR regimens were similar with respect to area under curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC (0–24)), apart from the induced group, where the AUC (0–24) of LTG‐XR was on average 21% lower than for LTG‐IR. A reduction in the LTG Cmax was observed for LTG‐XR compared to LTG‐IR resulting in a decrease in the peak‐to‐trough fluctuation in serum LTG concentrations. The steady‐state, dose‐normalized, trough concentrations for LTG‐XR were similar to those of LTG‐IR. The median time to peak concentration (Tmax) following administration of LTG‐XR ranged from 4 to 6 h, 6 to 10 h, and 9 to 11 h in the induced, neutral, and inhibited groups, respectively. In comparison, the median Tmax following administration of LTG‐IR was between 1 and 1.5 h.
Conclusions: Trough concentrations of LTG can be maintained on conversion from twice‐daily LTG‐IR to once‐daily LTG‐XR at the same total daily dose.
Cost‐effectiveness of Add‐on Therapy with Pregabalin in Patients with Refractory Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Vera‐Llonch Montserrat , Brandenburg Nancy A. , Oster Gerry 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: To estimate the cost‐effectiveness of pregabalin as add‐on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy.
Methods: We developed a model to estimate clinical and economic outcomes over 1 year in a hypothetical cohort of patients with refractory partial epilepsy assumed alternatively to receive add‐on therapy with pregabalin (300 mg/day) or no add‐on therapy. For each patient in the model, we estimated the occurrence of seizure and side effects, using techniques of stochastic simulation. We assigned health‐state utilities to each day of follow‐up based on whether or not seizure or side effects were predicted to occur. Patients could discontinue therapy due to lack of efficacy or side effects. Outcomes included expected numbers of days without seizure (“seizure‐free [SF] days”), quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), and costs of therapy. Cost‐effectiveness was assessed alternatively in terms of incremental cost per SF day gained and incremental cost per QALY gained.
Results: Add‐on therapy with pregabalin was estimated to result in an average gain of 23.8 SF days over one year; the estimated additional cost of therapy was $678. Incremental cost (mean, 95% CI) per SF day gained was $28.45 ($27.25, $29.44); corresponding estimates of incremental cost per QALY gained were $52,893 ($49,249, $56,983).
Conclusions: In patients with refractory partial epilepsy, the cost‐effectiveness of pregabalin 300 mg/day compares favorably with published estimates of cost‐effectiveness for other add‐on antiepileptic drugs.
The effects of childhood trauma in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Üçok A. , Bıkmaz S. 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  To evaluate the impact of childhood trauma on psychopathology in 57 patients with first‐episode schizophrenia.Method:  Psychopathology was assessed by Brief Psychiatric Research Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) at first admission. Childhood trauma was assessed by Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) after discharge.Results:  Frequencies of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), emotional abuse (CEA) and physical abuse (CPA) were reported by 29.8%, 40.9% and 13.6% of the patients respectively. Histories of childhood emotional neglect (CEN) and physical neglect were found in 29.5% and 20.5% of the patients respectively. The patients reporting CSA had higher SAPS scores at admission, and had more suicide attempts before admission. The patients with history of CEA had more hallucinations and delusions of mind reading at admission. CPA, CEA and mean scores of CTQ correlated with the number of siblings.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that childhood trauma may alter the presentation of schizophrenia in first admission.