bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telangiectatic adenoma – computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Takayassu Tatiana Chinem , Marchiori Edson , Eiras Antonio , Cabral Rafael Ferracini , Cabral Fernanda Caseira , Batista Raquel Ribeiro , Zanetti Gláucia , Dias Paula Cristina Pereira 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Telangiectatic adenoma is a new classification of a hepatic lesion. It was previously named telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia but it is in fact true adenoma with telangiectatic features. We report here a case of telangiectatic adenoma in a 72-year-old woman. The image features are lack of a central scar, a heterogeneous lesion, hyperintensity in T1-weighted MR images, strong hyperintensity in T2-weighted MR images, and persistent contrast enhancement in delayed-phase contrast-enhanced CT or T1-weighted MR images. It is a monoclonal lesion with potential of malignancy. The treatment of telangiectatic adenoma is surgery, the same way as hepatic adenoma. Focal nodular hyperplasia may be managed by clinical follow-up alone.
Advocacy: time to communicate
Authors: Harrison Tom , Davis Ruth 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThis article offers an introduction to advocacy on behalf of people with mental disorders and/or intellectual disabilities. It concentrates mainly on the issues related to independent specialist advocacy, but refers to other forms also. The term is itself contentious, having different meanings in different contexts. Some of these controversies are outlined here. Inevitably, diverse interpretations imply varying practices, and these too are illustrated briefly. Legislation and concordance of expectations are both contributing to a set of standards to which most advocates in the UK and Ireland will adhere. The requirements that such legislation makes of mental healthcare staff working with independent specialist advocates are outlined, and the ethical dimension of mental health advocacy is noted.
The ‘Natural Health Service’: natural does not mean safe
Authors: Dunne Francis J. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryPlants have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries, treating everything from non-specific ailments such as backache and colds to serious conditions, including depression and cancer. In this review, a few commonly known plants with psychotropic effects (St John's wort, Ginkgo biloba, kava, ginseng and valerian) are discussed by way of illustration. The readers' attention is brought to important interactions between herbal remedies and conventional drugs. A background to the constituents of herbs, possible mechanisms of action and an explanation of their antioxidant properties is given.
Are you looking at me? Understanding and managing paranoid personality disorder
Authors: Carroll Andrew 
Published: January 2009

SummaryParanoid personality disorder is a neglected topic in clinical psychiatry, and is often the subject of diagnostic confusion and therapeutic pessimism. This article presents a summary of the key diagnostic issues relating to paranoid personality disorder and describes various psychological and social processes mooted to be central to the genesis of paranoid thinking and behaviours. The evidence relating to paranoid personality disorder and risk of violence is summarised and clinically useful guidance for the safe treatment of people with the disorder is outlined.
CPD and recertification: improving patient outcomes through focused learning
Authors: Bamrah J. S. , Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe impending regulatory changes for all medical professionals in the UK will make it necessary for doctors to be relicensed and, in the case of specialists, to be recertified. This editorial argues strongly in favour of recertification and proposes that continuing professional development is one of the main planks on which recertification of psychiatrists should be based. We present cogent reasons for this, as well as evidence that improved learning contributes positively to healthcare. We also recommend that psychiatrists should make learning objectives more clinically focused as well as properly resourced.
Self-harm in adolescent in-patients
Authors: Livesey Anthony E. 
Published: January 2009

Aims and MethodSelf-harm among adolescent in-patients exercises all who work with them. the UK has an exceptionally high prevalence of this behaviour compared with the rest of Europe. However, in one in-patient adolescent unit, in-patient self-harm was significantly reduced. Details of our rationale and intervention are presented, together with a retrospective data analysis.ResultsUsing a range of practical and psychological interventions, the alarmingly high level of self-harm was almost completely eliminated and this level has been maintained to the present.Clinical ImplicationsOur results suggest that self-harm in in-patients can be managed and reduced without adverse effects on the patients. Our methods may be applicable to other settings, although some staff may initially feel uncomfortable with such policy.
Community care law for psychiatrists
Authors: Allen Danny 
Published: January 2009

SummaryAlthough psychiatrists are well-acquainted with the Mental Health Act 1983, most are unlikely to know much about community care law, despite the fact that its provisions have the potential to significantly improve the level of service for the users. This paper explains the meaning of community care law, looks at how it applies to National Health Service trusts and what are the psychiatrists' responsibilities. It examines how community care law works and discusses the significance of ‘fair access to care services’ policy, the meaning of ‘need’, the benefits of direct payments, the significance of housing provision and the role of carers.
Prevalence of parental mental illness in Australian families
Authors: Maybery Darryl John , Reupert Andrea E. , Patrick Kent , Goodyear Melinda , Crase Lin 
Published: January 2009

Aims and MethodTo provide multiple estimates of the numbers of Australian and Victorian families and children living in families where a parent has had a mental illness. We used the Australian Bureau of Statistics Victorian Mental Health Branch service usage and data collected from 701 community participants to triangulate prevalence information.ResultsAccording to population estimates, 23.3% of all children in Australia have a parent with a non-substance mental illness, 20.4% of mental health service users have dependent children and 14.4% of the community study participants report having at least one parent with a mental illness.Clinical ImplicationsThe multiple prevalence estimates of the numbers of children in families with parental mental illness provide fundamental information for psychiatric policy, planning and programming.
Ageing, ethnicity and psychiatric services
Authors: Oommen Geetha , Bashford Jon , Shah Ajit 
Published: January 2009

SummaryIn 2001, the Royal College of Psychiatrists produced Council Report (CR103) which concluded that services for Black and minority ethnic elders had received little attention. the report also called for an urgent need to establish a reliable and informative database of good practice and increased research. It is currently under review by the College. This article attempts to set out some of the issues that remain as well as newly identified ones. In particular, the article hopes to heighten awareness and raise debate about these issues and to link these with the College's Race Equality Action Plan.
Optimal wind turbine design to maximize energy production
Authors: Lanzafame R , Messina M 
Published: January 2009

Determining the best geometric parameters for the blade of a wind turbine is critical for maximizing energy production. This paper considers how to determine the laws which govern twist to maximize electrical energy output for a rotor with two blades, with a 10 m diameter, in a given wind site. Optimum twist was obtained by applying the ‘blade element momentum theory’. Then two different blade design methods were compared. The first, based on maximizing the power coefficient (at the average wind velocity, assuming an attack angle which maximizes the ratio of lift and drag coefficients); the second, based on maximizing the annual energy production for the turbine object of this study, in a given wind site.
Contrasting Measures of Adherence with Simple Drug Use, Medication Switching, and Therapeutic Duplication
Authors: Martin Bradley C , Wiley-Exley Elizabeth K , Richards Shirley , Domino Marisa E , Carey Timothy S , Sleath Betsy Lynn 
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND Multiple measures of adherence have been reported in the research literature and it is difficult to determine which is best, as each is nuanced. Occurrences of medication switching and polypharmacy or therapeutic duplication can substantially complicate adherence calculations when adherence to a therapeutic class is sought. OBJECTIVE To contrast the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) adherence metric with 2 variants of the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR, truncated MPR). METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of the North Carolina Medicaid administrative claims data from July 1999 to June 2000. Data for patients with schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM code 295.xx) who were not part of a health maintenance organization, not hospitalized, and not pregnant, taking at least one antipsychotic, were aggregated for each person into person-quarters. The numerator for PDC was defined as the number of days one or more antipsychotics was available and the MPR numerator was defined as the total days’ supply of antipsychotics; both were divided by the total days in each person-quarter. Adherence rates were estimated for subjects who used only one antipsychotic, switched medications, or had therapeutic duplication in the quarter. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 25,200 person-quarters from 7069 individuals. For person-quarters with single antipsychotic use, adherence to antipsychotics as a class was: PDC 0.607, truncated MPR 0.640, and MPR 0.695 (p < 0.001). For person-quarters with switching, the average MPR was 0.690, truncated MPR was 0.624, and PDC was 0.562 (p < 0.001). In the presence of therapeutic duplication, the PDC was 0.669, truncated MPR was 0.774, and MPR was 1.238 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The PDC provides a more conservative estimate of adherence than the MPR across all types of users; however, the differences between the 2 methods are more substantial for persons switching therapy and prescribed therapeutic duplication, where MPR may overstate true adherence. The PDC should be considered when a measure of adherence to a class of medications is sought, particularly in clinical situations in which multiple medications within a class are often used concurrently.
Liveware Survey of Human Systems Integration (HSI) Technologies: Need for Comprehensive Survey and Available Database
Authors: Gentner Frank C. , Crissey Mona J. 
Published: January 2009

Downsizing the Department of Defense (DoD) means accomplishing more with fewer people. Enlightened design that considers all requirement and interaction issues simultaneously is the key to productivity. In the past, human issues have been difficult to quantify or depict during the systems engineering process. Recently, there has been an explosion of affordable HSI technologies. Despite the new DoD directives that require HSI analyses throughout acquisition, it is difficult to identify the most appropriate technology for HSI analyses. Defense acquisition managers, contractors, and the HSI research and development (R&D) community need a database of information about HSI tools, databases, and test facilities. They need this database to identify technology available in each of the Liveware domains of Manpower, Personnel, Training, (MPT) Safety, Health Hazard Prevention, and Human Factors Engineering (HFE) and to fully integrate human consideration into the acquisition process. However, no comprehensive catalog of HSI technology exists. Under the sponsorship of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel) HSI office and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Research Study Group.21 (RSG.21), TPDC and CSERIAC are surveying the HSI community for a comprehensive database of HSI technologies, an ambitious effort requiring the help of all HSI technology developers, owners, and users. This paper reviews previous HSI-related technology studies. It supports the thesis that a comprehensive survey and database are needed to improve prioritization of HSI technology R&D aid in HSI technology identification and use; and take full advantage of the new acquisition climate. It also describes the survey and database which is now being populated, and highlights the need for HSI community participation.
Effects of an Aversive Vicarious Experience and Modelling on Perceived Risk and Self-Protective Behavior
Authors: Chy-Dejoras Evangeline A. 
Published: January 2009

A 2 × 3 between-subjects design was used to determine the effects of modelling and aversiveness of a vicarious experience on perceived risk and self-protective behavior. Modelling and aversiveness of experience were manipulated using an instructional videotape. Unprotected model and protected model conditions were compared. Benign, slightly aversive, and highly aversive conditions were compared. The dependent variables were self-protective behavior and perceptions regarding the hazardousness of the product, severity of injury, likelihood of injury, likelihood of an accident, and familiarity with the product. More subjects in the protected model group exhibited self-protective behavior compared to the control group. There was no difference in levels of perceived risk between the two groups. Aversiveness had an effect on self-protective behavior. The slightly aversive group showed an incidence of self-protective behavior significantly greater than that of the control group and the highly aversive group. Examination of the nature of manipulation used in the slightly aversive condition suggests that an ambiguous portrayal of the consequences of a hazard while implying its potential to inflict harm causes people to behave cautiously. The incidence of self-protective behavior in the highly aversive group did not differ significantly from that of the control group despite a significant difference in perceived levels of hazardousness. This is explained as a manifestation of the so-called “self-protective attribution of responsibility.” Perceived hazardousness was found to be the primary predictor of self-protective behavior. Perceived severity and likelihood of injury were found to be the primary predictors of perceived hazardousness. A strong association was found between self-protective behavior and perceived personal susceptibility to injury.
Patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a long-term watershed-scale study to address the effects of pulp and paper mill discharges in four us receiving streams
Authors: Flinders Camille A , Minshall G Wayne , Ragsdale Renee L , Hall Timothy J 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Changes in macroinvertebrate communities exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PPME) have been seen in mesocosm and short-term field studies. However, long-term patterns of macroinvertebrates in PPME receiving streams have not been examined. We conducted a study of 4 PPME receiving streams (Codorus Creek, PA; the Leaf River, MS; and the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, OR) over 9 y to assess temporal patterns in macroinvertebrate community structure and metrics related to PPME discharge. Study streams represented different ecoregions, warm-/cold-water systems, gradients of PPME concentration (&lt;1%-33%), and mill process types. Bray-Curtis similarity and nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed significant community differences across sites in Codorus Creek, but differences were related to stream temperature patterns and not PPME. In the other study streams, seasonal community differences across years were greater than differences across sites. General linear models were used to examine spatial and temporal variation in macroinvertebrate metric response (% dominant taxa, density, richness, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index [HBI], Simpson's Index, and ash-free dry mass). Mean HBI scores indicated that the macroinvertebrate community reflected fair to very good water quality conditions, with water quality typically classified as “good” at most sites. Significant site differences in macroinvertebrate metric response were uncommon in the Leaf, McKenzie, and Willamette rivers but were seen in all metrics in Codorus Creek, where metric response was spatially variable. In the McKenzie River, there was an increase in mean HBI scores at sites downstream of the mill relative to 1 of the 2 upstream sites. However, significant differences were seen only between 1 upstream and downstream site, and HBI scores at all downstream sites consistently reflected “good” water quality. Significant annual differences in metric response were typical in all rivers. Water quality (pH, conductivity, total nitrogen) and habitat (velocity, depth, substrate composition) variables explained community structure patterns in the Leaf and McKenzie rivers, but macroinvertebrate-environment relationships were weak in the other 2 streams. The results of this study indicate that macroinvertebrate community structure is temporally variable and reiterate the importance of long-term studies for accurate determination of the effects of point sources such as PPME on receiving systems.
Nucleotide structure and expression of equine pigment epithelium-derived factor during repair of experimentally induced wounds in horses
Authors: Ipiña Zoë , Lussier Jacques G. , Theoret Christine L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objective—To clone full-length equine pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) complementary DNA (cDNA) and to evaluate its temporal expression during repair of wounds in horses.
Animals—4 clinically normal 2-to 3-year-old Standardbred mares.
Procedures—Full-length equine PEDF cDNA was cloned by screening size-selected cDNA libraries derived from biopsy specimens obtained from the wound edge 7 days after experimental creation of a 6.25-cm2 full-thickness wound in the skin of the lateral thoracic wall. Expression was evaluated in normal skin and in biopsy specimens obtained weekly from experimentally induced wounds on the trunk and limbs of horses. Temporal gene expression was determined by use of reverse transcriptase PCR assay.
Results—Equine PEDF shared 87% sequence and 88% peptide homology with human PEDF. Wounding caused upregulation of PEDF mRNA, which did not return to baseline by the end of the study in either anatomic location. Relative overexpression was evident in wounds on the trunk, compared with expression for wounds on the limbs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study characterized full-length equine cDNA for PEDF and determined that the gene for PEDF appeared to be upregulated in response to dermal wounding. Although the cause of exuberant granulation tissue is probably multifactorial, these data suggested that PEDF, via its potent antiangiogenic capabilities, may contribute to superior healing in wounds on the trunks of horses by protecting such wounds from excessive formation of vascular granulation tissue that characterizes wounds on the limbs of this species.
Vascular perfusion of reproductive organs in pony mares and heifers during sedation with detomidine or xylazine
Authors: Araujo Reno R. , Ginther O. J. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objective—To assess the vascular effects of detomidine and xylazine in pony mares and heifers, respectively, as determined in a major artery and by extent of vascular perfusion of reproductive organs.
Animals—10 pony mares and 10 Holstein heifers.
Procedures—Pony mares were assigned to receive physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (n = 5) or detomidine (3.0 mg/mare, IV; 5). Heifers were assigned to receive saline solution (5) or xylazine (14 mg/heifer, IM; 5). Color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations were performed immediately before and 10 minutes after administration of saline solution or sedative. In spectral Doppler mode, a spectral graph of blood flow velocities during a cardiac cycle was obtained at the internal iliac artery and at the ovarian pedicle. In color-flow mode, color signals of blood flow in vessels of the corpus luteum and endometrium were assessed.
Results—Systemic effects of sedation in the 2 species were evident as a decrease in heart rate; increase in duration of systole, diastole, or both; decrease in volume of blood flow; and decrease in velocity of blood flow within the internal iliac artery. However, an effect of sedatives on local vascular perfusion in the ovaries and endometrium was not detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sedation with detomidine in pony mares and xylazine in heifers did not affect vascular perfusion in reproductive organs. These sedatives can be used in experimental and clinical color Doppler evaluations of vascular perfusion of the corpus luteum and endometrium.
Use of dietary cation anion difference for control of urolithiasis risk factors in goats
Authors: Jones Meredyth L. , Streeter Robert N. , Goad Carla L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine correlations between dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) and urine pH, urine specific gravity, and blood pH in goats.
Animals—24 crossbred goat wethers. Procedures—Goats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 DCAD groups (−150, −75, 0, or +75 mEq/kg of feed) and fed pelleted feed and ground hay for 7 days. The diet was then supplemented with ammonium chloride to achieve the assigned DCAD of each group for 7 days. Urine was obtained for pH and specific gravity measurements at hours −3 to −1, 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 9 to 11, and 13 to 15 relative to the morning feeding. Blood pH was determined on alternate days of the study period.
Results—Goats in the −150 and −75 mEq/kg groups had a urine pH of 6.0 to 6.5 two days after initiation of administration of ammonium chloride, and urine pH decreased to < 6.0 by day 7. Goats in the 0 mEq/kg group had a urine pH from 6.0 to 6.5 on day 5, whereas urine pH in goats in the +75 mEq/kg group remained > 6.5 throughout the trial. Urine specific gravity differed only between the −150 mEq/kg and the −75 mEq/kg groups. Blood pH in the −150 mEq/kg group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Goats in the 0 mEq/kg DCAD group had a urine pH of 6.0 to 6.5 five days after intitiation of feeding the diet, and that pH was maintained through day 7, without significant reduction in blood pH. This may serve as a target for diet formulation for the prevention of urolithiasis.