bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ichthyosis Prematurity Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Grace X. , Chen Kathryn , Sebaratnam Deshan F. , Pham James P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesIchthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by premature birth, neonatal respiratory distress, eosinophilia, and a thick, clay‐like vernix at birth. This review aims to summarize the available reported cases of IPS, including genetic etiology, clinical features, management, and prognosis.MethodsA search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, from inception to September 3, 2024 using the search terms “IPS” or “ichthyosis congenita type IV”. This systematic review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42024533988). Any publication reporting a case of IPS was suitable for inclusion. Quality appraisal was performed according to CARE guidelines. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using R v4.3.1 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria).ResultsWe identified 26 studies reporting 59 cases of IPS (PROSPERO database: CRD42024533988). While IPS was previously thought to predominantly affect Norwegian and Swedish patients, we identified cases from a broad range of ethnicities. The median duration of the cutaneous scale was 10 weeks, though patients usually have persisting atopy. Long‐term prognosis is generally good, although six (10.2%) fulminant cases were identified with an estimated 6‐month survival rate of 87.6% (95% confidence interval: 78.8–97.4). Mortality in these cases was attributed to respiratory and/or cardiac sequelae or sepsis. Limitations include heterogeneity in the reporting of cases and low quality of data in several aspects of data collection.ConclusionsThe cutaneous manifestations of IPS resolve over a period of weeks, and patients generally have a favorable long‐term prognosis. However, rare cases of death and other complications have been reported.
Educating for peace in the culture wars: The example of sojourner truth
Authors: Riddle Karie Cross 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education in the United States (US) is embattled, facing charges of “wokeness” from the right as well as critical scholarship questioning its transformative capabilities from the left. Students, however, require effective instruction about difference if they are to navigate changing US demographics. I argue that DEI education and peace education can deepen a fruitful partnership to address critiques from both left and right. Peace educators can reframe DEI education as a vital tool for solving problems and building nonviolent relations, while DEI education, in turn, can help peace education re‐examine its own racial silences. I demonstrate this partnership through a peace‐oriented diversity lesson about Sojourner Truth, a Black feminist activist from the nineteenth century. As a strategic problem‐solver constrained by race‐ and gender‐based power relations, Truth shows us how to navigate difference while staying true to her goal of universal rights.
The Rise of Investor‐Driven Climate Governance: From Myth to Institution?
Authors: Kaplan Rami , Levy David L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInvestor‐driven climate governance (ICG) is premised on mobilizing finance to address climate change by leveraging investors to pressure companies to reduce emissions. Examining the rapid growth of ICG from an institutional political economy perspective, we argue that powerful financial and regulatory actors with varied interests coalesced to promote the discourse that climate risks equal financial risks, and to develop a finance‐centered mechanism of climate governance. The flourishing field created market opportunities for other actors such as data vendors and accountants, and attracted activists seeking leverage on emitters. In turn, institutionalization exerted isomorphic pressure on financial firms to adopt ICG practices. However, ICG practices of disclosure and emission commitments became increasingly decoupled from actions to reduce emissions due to the weak business case for decarbonizing investors' portfolios and corporate operations; the core economic mechanism was largely a myth. This decoupling created contradictory forces: it erodes the legitimacy of the ICG discourse, but we also identified dynamic feedback loops that strengthen the field, potentially making the myth self‐fulfilling. Overall, we conclude that the field's momentum, interests of key actors, and feedback effects are likely to sustain the field, which is deeply institutionalized despite the current headwinds.
Soil GHG flux potentials and their microbiological mechanisms under urban forest and grassland
Authors: Zhang Mengke , Fu Wenjing , Han Chenglong , Ye Yuhang , Zhao Yifan , Xu Mengyao , Tang Yongqi , Feng Li , Zhang Zhiyong , Feng Xiaoting , Zhang Bo , Lu Xueqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUrban soils, both sources and sinks for greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), significantly impact Earth's temperature. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding how variations in vegetation types, soil horizons and seasons affect GHG fluxes, complicating predictions of soil‐atmosphere exchanges. Soil samples collected from the forest and grassland in Jinnan District, Tianjin, China, were used to determine physicochemical properties, extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) and GHG fluxes. Meanwhile, the structures and functional genes of the soil microbial community were analysed using metagenomic sequencing technology. Compared to the forest soil, the GHG flux potentials in the grassland soil were greater. Although not statistically significant, the forest soil demonstrates lower CO2 flux potential and CH4 flux potential compared to the grassland soil. Notably, the N2O flux potential in the grassland soil significantly surpasses that in the forest soil. Metagenomic analysis confirmed the conclusion; the relative abundance of functional genes related to fermentation, aerobic respiration and carbon fixation was higher in the forest soil compared to the grassland soil. The forest soil also exhibited a higher relative abundance of functional genes involved in CH4 oxidation (pomABC) and methanogenesis. The grassland soil shows higher levels of the N2O source gene (nirS) and lower levels of the N2O sink gene (nosZ) than the forest soil. Combining the three major GHGs, the grassland soil has a larger global warming potential than the forest soil.
Expected outcomes of stratified post‐donation testing in whole blood donation in England: A discrete event simulation modeling study
Authors: Qi Hongchao , Wood Angela M. , Kaptoge Stephen , McMahon Amy , Mehenny Susan , Kingston Nathalie , Ouwehand Willem H. , Danesh John , Roberts David J. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Kim Lois G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn England, blood donors with low hemoglobin concentration are deferred following on‐session testing to prevent donations below regulatory thresholds, thereby protecting donors' health and blood supply quality. However, deferrals are costly, time‐consuming and may discourage donors. Post‐donation testing (PDT), where hemoglobin levels are measured after donation, offer potential alternatives as used in some European countries.Study Design and MethodsWe compared four PDT strategies to the current approach: (A) no on‐session testing, (B) on‐session testing if low hemoglobin at previous visit, (C) on‐session testing if low/medium hemoglobin at previous visit, all with delayed reinvitation if low hemoglobin at previous donation, and (D) on‐session testing if low/medium hemoglobin at previous visit without delayed reinvitations.We employed discrete event simulation modeling, informed by data collected from 16,941 donors returning under the current strategy in England, to simulate and compare total donations, under‐threshold donations, and deferrals for each strategy over 18 months.ResultsStrategy A eliminated deferrals but led to increased under‐threshold donations compared to the current strategy in men (6.5% vs. 2.3%) and women (11.8% vs. 4.5%).Strategies B–D reduced deferrals rates for men (1.0%–3.7% vs. 5.5%) and women (2.2%–6.3% vs. 8.9%) but showed slightly higher under‐threshold donations in men (3.0%–5.1% vs. 2.3%) and women (5.3%–8.8% vs. 4.5%). Strategies with more on‐session testing had lower under‐threshold donations.DiscussionPDT strategies incorporating on‐session testing for low/medium hemoglobin at previous visits could reduce deferrals while maintaining a low proportion of under‐threshold donations, thereby balancing donor safety with operational efficiency.
Patients’ Information Needs for Informed Consent to Participate in First‐in‐Human Pig Kidney Xenotransplant Clinical Trials: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Gusmano Michael K. , Gacki‐Smith Jessica , Brooks Hannah L. , Matthews Margaret M. , Manning Dahlya , Leventhal Joseph , Maschke Karen J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransplant programs preparing to initiate first‐in‐human pig kidney xenotransplant clinical trials must be especially careful when obtaining participants’ informed consent. Little is known about the kind of information patients want for making an informed decision about trial participation.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured telephone interviews with waitlisted kidney transplant patients about information needs regarding participating in a first‐in‐human pig kidney xenotransplant trial, which guided development of a prototype consent form. Subsequent usability testing interviews sought patient feedback on the consent form. We analyzed qualitative data by thematic analysis and quantitative data by descriptive statistics.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients participated in semi‐structured interviews; 16 patients participated in usability testing interviews. Most interview participants were male (68%, 56%), White (54%, 56%), or Black (36%, 31%), respectively. Interview participants identified five types of information needs: (1) the potential for infection contraction and transmission; (2) risks, benefits, and impact of xenotransplant trials; (3) xenotransplant clinical trial and recipient experience; (4) clinical trial logistics; and (5) the pig and its kidney. Usability testing participants suggested adding details to the prototype. Participants’ preparedness to make a decision about participating in a xenotransplant trial increased after reviewing the prototype (12.5% vs. 31.3%, n.s.).ConclusionWe identified multiple unique types of information patients desired to make informed decisions about pig kidney xenotransplant trial participation. Transplant programs initiating xenotransplant trials should be prepared to address patients’ information needs to optimize informed decision‐making for trial participation. The prototype consent form may support a patient‐centered approach to informed consent.
How to Detect Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) Infections in Patients After Transplantation of Pig Organs
Authors: Denner Joachim , Jhelum Hina , Ban Jinzhao , Krabben Ludwig , Kaufer Benedikt B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPorcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated into the genome of all pigs and can infect human cells in culture. However, no PERV infections have been reported in recipients following preclinical or clinical xenotransplantation or deliberate infection experiments. Detection of PERV infection in transplanted recipients is challenging due to microchimerism, such as the presence of pig cells containing PERV proviruses in the recipient. Based on our previous publications on PERV detection in xenotransplant recipients, particularly from the first clinical trials, we developed a comprehensive strategy to screen for PERV infections. Recipients can be monitored for increasing levels of viral genomic RNA and mRNA using real‐time reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR, which can indicate PERV expression and replication. To test this strategy, explanted pig hearts and organs from baboons after pig heart transplantation were analyzed. No PERV genomic RNA or mRNA was detected in these tissues, although both were found in PERV‐producing human control cells. Screening for antibodies against PERV as indirect evidence of infection is the method of choice. Recombinant viral proteins were prepared for use in Western blot assays. Animal antisera generated through immunization with recombinant PERV proteins served as positive controls. No antibodies against PERV were detected in transplanted baboons, even though microchimerism was observed in many of the animals' organs. For effective antibody screening, at least two PERV proteins should be used as antigens.
Spike gene variability in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus as a determinant for virulence
Authors: Li Wentao , Hangalapura Basav N. , van den Elzen Paul , van den Born Erwin , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Rottier Peter J. M. , Bosch Berend-Jan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a pathogenic coronavirus that targets the swine intestinal tract, leading to acute diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. PEDV is categorized into different genotypes based on genetic variations, especially in the spike (S) gene. The S protein is crucial for viral entry and a major immune target. Significant differences in virulence have been observed among PEDV genotypes, particularly between classical strains and newly emerging strains. In this study, we explored the impact of spike gene variability on PEDV pathogenicity. Using targeted RNA recombination, we generated recombinant PEDV (rPEDV) variants carrying spike genes from contemporary strains (moderately virulent strain UU and highly virulent strain GDU), all within the genetic background of the avirulent DR13 vaccine strain. Pathogenicity was assessed in 3-day-old piglets. The rPEDV carrying the DR13 spike gene was nonpathogenic, with no detectable viral RNA in feces. The rPEDV with the UU spike gene induced mild to severe diarrhea, with moderate viral shedding but no mortality. Conversely, the rPEDV with the GDU spike gene caused severe diarrhea, high viral titers, and high mortality. These findings highlight the critical role of the spike protein in PEDV virulence, informing future development of effective control strategies, including the design of live-attenuated vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
This study significantly advances our understanding of how genetic variations in the spike (S) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) influence its ability to cause disease. By engineering viruses with spike genes from different PEDV strains, variations in this protein could be directly linked to differences in disease severity. We found that the spike protein from highly virulent strains caused severe diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, while that from less virulent strains led to milder symptoms. These findings emphasize the central role of the spike protein in determining PEDV virulence, which may enable the design of more effective vaccines to combat PEDV and reduce its impact on the swine industry.
Peripapillary atrophy in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis
Authors: Ferreira de Moura Thomas , Enjalbert Aurélie , Monnet Dominique , Kecili Souhila , Imikerene Linda , Loeliger Jordan , Thorne Jennifer E , Brézin Antoine P 
Published: February 2025

AimsThis study aims to analyse peripapillary atrophy (PPA), its frequency, extent and relation with measures of visual function in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR).MethodsPatients of the single-centre prospective COhort of patients with BIRDshot chorioretinitis (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT05153057) were included. The areas of the optic nerve head (ONH) and PPA were measured on red–green and autofluorescence fundus images acquired by ultrawidefield retinal photography. The main outcome measure was the frequency of PPA. Correlations between the PPA/ONH ratio and disease duration, age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual field results (mean deviation (MD) and the pattern SD (PSD)—Humphrey perimeter 30–2) were evaluated using the Spearman coefficient.ResultsA total of 752 eyes from 384 patients (mean age 62.4±12.1 years) were included. The median disease duration was 13.0 (7.0–19.0) years. PPA was observed in 717 (95.4%) eyes. The mean PPA/ONH ratio was 2.9±2.2 on red–green images, 3.1±2.2 on autofluorescence, and these measures were highly correlated (R=0.95, p<0.0001). The ratio of PPA/ONH increased with the duration of the disease (R=0.57, p<0.0001) from 1.6±0.6 in the 0–5 years group to 5.2±2.9 after 25 years and with age (R=0.51, p<0.0001). PPA was also associated with a worse BCVA (R=−0.42, p<0.0001) and worse visual field results: MD (R=−0.41, p<0.0001), PSD (R=0.42, p<0.0001). A strong intereye symmetry of the PPA/ONH ratio was observed (R=0.91, p<0.0001), which was greater than that of BCVA (R=0.58, p<0.0001), MD (R=0.76, p<0.0001) or PSD (R=0.70, p<0.0001).ConclusionsAlmost all patients with BSCR exhibit PPA and its extent increases over time. PPA is associated with poorer vision.
Association of targeted temperature management on progression to brain death after severe anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest: an observational study
Authors: Paul Marine , Hickel Charles , Troché Gilles , Laurent Virginie , Richard Olivier , Merceron Sybille , Legriel Stephane 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTargeted temperature management (TTM), through its physiological effects on intracranial pressure, may impede the progression to brain death (BD) in severe anoxic brain injury post-cardiac arrest (CA). We examined the potential association between the use of TTM and the occurrence of BD after CA.DesignMonocentric, retrospective study.SettingIntensive care unit, Versailles Hospital, France.ParticipantsComatose survivors of CA who died from BD or postanoxic encephalopathy (PAE) after 24 hours.Main outcome measuresPAE deaths corresponded to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) due to irreversible postanoxic coma or vegetative state according to prognostication guidelines. BD corresponded to the cessation of cerebral vascularisation secondary to intracranial hypertension. The diagnosis of BD was definite by clinical diagnosis of deep coma according to the Glasgow Coma Scale 3, loss of all brainstem reflexes and the demonstration of apnoea during a hypercapnia test. A cerebral omputed tomography (CT) scan or two isoelectric and unreactive electroencephalograms were used to confirm BD. To identify the independent association between TTM and BD, we conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsOut of 256 patients included between 2005 and 2021, 54.3% received TTM for at least 24 hours, and 56 patients (21.9%) died from BD. In the multivariable analysis, TTM for 24 hours or more was not associated with a decrease in BD (Odds Ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.32). Factors associated with BD included a total duration of no-flow plus low-flow exceeding 30 min, CA due to neurological causes or hanging and a high arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide between days 1 and 2 after admission.ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis of post-CA patients with severe anoxic brain injury did not find an association between TTM ≥24 hours and a reduction in BD. Further studies are needed to identify specific subgroups of post-CA patients for whom TTM may be especially futile or even harmful.
Scoping review for pain mitigation during intralesional injections of corticosteroid for hypertrophic scar and keloid treatment
Authors: Halim Ahmad Sukari , Heng Sophia , Saipolamin Ainna Qistina 
Published: February 2025

Background
Intralesional corticosteroid injection (ILCSI) has been proven to successfully treat hypertrophic scars (HTSs) and keloids and attain remission in 50% of keloids. Pain is a significant problem with ILCSI, which can affect treatment compliance and effectiveness. To date, many techniques involving ILCSI have been described and used to achieve scar treatment while reducing side effects. The injection technique remains the most widely available method in many healthcare centres.

Objective
This scoping review explores strategies for alleviating pain while administering ILCSIs for hypertrophic scarring and keloid management. ILCSI is a second-line treatment for HTSs and a first-line treatment for keloids.

Eligibility criteria
This scoping review included studies where HTSs and keloids were treated with ILCSI and considered diverse demographics and injection methods. This review excludes other methods of corticosteroid drug delivery where injection is not involved and where the pain assessed is unrelated to injection or infiltration of the scar.

Sources of evidence
This review systematically searched critical databases from inception to December 2023, including ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science, and handpicked articles traced from available review papers. Only English-language publications focused on pain management during ILCSIs for HTSs and keloids were included. All levels of scientific evidence were considered. An in-depth evaluation of the injection technique, type of analgesia or anaesthesia administered, effectiveness of pain management and overall treatment outcomes was conducted.

Charting methods
Citations were compiled in an Excel spreadsheet, with three authors screening the titles and abstracts based on inclusion criteria. Decisions were finalised collaboratively, exclusions were documented and results were presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram.

Results
16 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, 1 case study and 15 journal articles were included. These studies examined ILCSI for hypertrophic scarring and keloid treatment. No differences in pain intensity between HTSs and keloids were reported. 11 studies systematically explored pain reduction methods such as topical analgesia, cryoanaesthesia, mixing triamcinolone acetonide with local analgesics, slow infiltration techniques, vibration analgesia and needle-free injectors.

Conclusion
Pain can significantly impact patient compliance and treatment outcomes. This review offers a foundational reference for healthcare providers and researchers in the field of scar management, providing insights into current practices and highlighting areas for future research and development.