bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic modeling of ion cloud motion in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance cell by use of a particle‐in‐cell approach
Authors: Nikolaev Eugene N. , Heeren Ron M. A. , Popov Alexander M. , Pozdneev Alexander V. , Chingin Konstantin S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing a ‘Particle‐In‐Cell’ approach taken from plasma physics we have developed a new three‐dimensional (3D) parallel computer code that today yields the highest possible accuracy of ion trajectory calculations in electromagnetic fields. This approach incorporates coulombic ion–ion and ion–image charge interactions into the calculation. The accuracy is achieved through the implementation of an improved algorithm (the so‐called Boris algorithm) that mathematically eliminates cyclotron motion in a magnetic field from digital equations for ion motion dynamics. It facilitates the calculation of the cyclotron motion without numerical errors. At every time‐step in the simulation the electric potential inside the cell is calculated by direct solution of Poisson's equation. Calculations are performed on a computational grid with up to 128 × 128 × 128 nodes using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The ion populations in these simulations ranged from 1000 up to 1 000 000 ions. A maximum of 3 000 000 time‐steps were employed in the ion trajectory calculations. This corresponds to an experimental detection time‐scale of seconds. In addition to the ion trajectories integral time‐domain signals and mass spectra were calculated. The phenomena observed include phase locking of particular m/z ions (high‐resolution regime) inside larger ion clouds. A focus was placed on behavior of a cloud of ions of a single m/z value to understand the nature of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) resolution and mass accuracy in selected ion mode detection. The behavior of two and three ion clouds of different but close m/z was investigated as well. Peak coalescence effects were observed in both cases. Very complicated ion cloud dynamics in the case of three ion clouds was demonstrated. It was found that magnetic field does not influence phase locking for a cloud of ions of a single m/z. The ion cloud evolution time‐scale is inversely proportional to magnetic field. The number of ions needed for peak coalescence depends quadratically on the magnetic field. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IPv6 networks over DVB‐RCS satellite systems
Authors: Lou Ricardo Castellot , Sánchez Esguevillas Antonio Javier , de la Cuesta Diego Borja , Carro Belén , Fan Linghang , Sun Zhili 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSatellite plays an important role in global information infrastructure (GII) and next generation networks (NGNs). Similarly, satellite communication systems have great advantages to support IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) networks as a technology that allows universal access to broadband e‐services (audio, video, VPN, etc.). In the context of DVB‐S2 (digital video broadcast‐satellite) and DVB‐RCS (digital video broadcast‐return channel via satellite) standards, this paper presents the current SatSix project (satellite‐based communications systems within IPv6 networks) within the European 6th Framework Programme, which is implementing innovative concepts and effective solutions (in relation with the economical cost) for broadband satellite systems and services using the technology presented above. This project is promoting the introduction of the IPv6 protocol into satellite‐based communication systems.Moreover, through SatSix, the industry is addressing the next generation Internet, IPv6. It also enhances its competitive position in satellite broadband multimedia systems by exploiting the common components defined by the European DVB‐S2 and DVB‐RCS satellite broadband standards. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for within‐patient correlation in assessing relative sensitivity of an adjunctive diagnostic test: Application to lung cancer
Authors: Scharfstein Daniel O. , Ryea Jennifer L. , Caffo Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe address the comparison of results between two diagnostic tests applied multiple times to the same subjects. The estimand of interest is the sensitivity of the combined test (primary and adjunct) relative to a primary test. Analytical methods are first described that assume independence between the multiple observations within a subject. In order to account for the within‐subject correlation introduced by the multiple measurements, analytical approaches for correlated, categorical response data are described. In the discussion of these methods, we pay particular attention to the presence of a structural zero which results from the decision rule for the combination of diagnostic tests. In a simulation study, we compare the finite sample performances of all analytical approaches in terms of confidence interval coverage rates and median lengths. Our methods are cast in the context of a diagnostic bronchoscopy technology for the detection of lung cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of revascularization odds using smoothing splines
Authors: Silva Giovani L. , Dean C. B. , Niyonsenga Théophile , Vanasse Alain 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHierarchical Bayesian models are proposed for over‐dispersed longitudinal spatially correlated binomial data. This class of models accounts for correlation among regions by using random effects and allows a flexible modelling of spatiotemporal odds by using smoothing splines. The aim is (i) to develop models which will identify temporal trends of odds and produce smoothed maps including regional effects, (ii) to specify Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference for fitting such models, (iii) to study the sensitivity of such Bayesian binomial spline spatiotemporal analyses to prior assumptions, and (iv) to compare mechanisms for assessing goodness of fit. An analysis of regional variation for revascularization odds of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome in Quebec motivates and illustrates the methods developed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cuba: A comparison of work values on Castro's Island with those in the United States
Authors: Ralston David A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this empirical study of work values differences between Cuba and the United States, the data reveal findings that confirm the expectations of the conventional wisdom on individualism for a comparison between a Latin culture‐communist system and an Anglo culture‐capitalist system. However, the study findings for collectivism defy this conventional wisdom. Given the dearth of empirical research on Cuba for 50‐plus years, this study should serve as a starting point for subsequent investigation of Cuban work values. Additionally, it should provide preliminary information on the Cuban work attitudes and behaviors for U.S. business interested in engaging in commerce in postembargo Cuba. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer‐aided diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence with vector‐based perineal ultrasound using neural networks
Authors: Huang Y.‐L. , Chen H.‐Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectivesAdequately defining the anatomical and functional defects in women with stress urinary incontinence prior to surgical repair is essential. Differences in dynamic changes of the bladder neck on perineal ultrasound have been shown to be effective in differentiating between women with and those without urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). This study evaluated a system to diagnose USI with computer‐aided vector‐based perineal ultrasound.MethodsWe evaluated 48 women with lower urinary tract symptoms, of whom 36 were found to have USI, by urodynamic study and computer‐aided vector‐based perineal ultrasound. The function and morphology of the lower urinary tract were used as features in a multilayer perception (MLP) neural network classifier to distinguish between women with and those without USI. The k‐fold cross‐validation method was used to estimate the performance of the proposed computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system.ResultsThe accuracy of the proposed CAD system for classifying USI was 91.7% (44/48), the sensitivity was 94.4% (34/36), the specificity was 83.3% (10/12), the positive predictive value was 94.4% (34/36) and the negative predictive value was 83.3% (10/12). The receiver–operating characteristics area index for the proposed CAD system was 0.941 ± 0.034. The proposed CAD system differentiated USI effectively with perineal ultrasound.ConclusionComputer‐aided vector‐based perineal ultrasound is valuable in assessing anatomical changes of the bladder neck. Women with and those without USI can be distinguished using perineal sonographic analysis with the proposed CAD system. Because the MLP model is trainable, it could be optimized if a larger set of perineal ultrasound images and other useful features were supplied. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of cervical chondrocutaneous vestige
Authors: Gilboa Y. , Achiron R. , Zalel Y. , Bronshtein M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCervical chondrocutaneous vestiges or remnants originate from anomalous development of the branchial arches in the fourth week of gestation. Owing to their relative rarity, published data of cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges remain scarce. We report on the diagnosis and associated anomalies of cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges in three fetuses. The association of cervical chondrocutaneous vestige with other anomalies emphasizes the importance of performing meticulous examination and biochemical marker analysis in affected cases. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The adenylate energy charge and specific fermentation rate of brewer's yeasts fermenting high‐ and very high‐gravity worts
Authors: Guimarães Pedro M. R. , Londesborough John 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntracellular and extracellular ATP, ADP and AMP (i.e. 5′‐AMP) were measured during fermentations of high‐ (15°P) and very high‐gravity (VHG, 25°P) worts by two lager yeasts. Little extracellular ATP and ADP but substantial amounts of extracellular AMP were found. Extracellular AMP increased during fermentation and reached higher values (3 µM) in 25°P than 15°P worts (1 µM). More AMP (13 µM at 25°P) was released during fermentation with industrially cropped yeast than with the same strain grown in the laboratory. ATP was the dominant intracellular adenine nucleotide and the adenylate energy charge (EC = ([ATP] + 0.5*[ADP])/([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP])) remained high (>0.8) until residual sugar concentrations were low and specific rates of ethanol production were < 5% of the maximum values in early fermentation. The high ethanol concentrations (>85 g/l) reached in VHG fermentations did not decrease the EC below values that permit synthesis of new proteins. The results suggest that, during wort fermentations, the ethanol tolerance of brewer's strains is high so long as fermentation continues. Under these conditions, maintenance of the EC seems to depend upon active transport of α‐glucosides, which in turn depends upon maintenance of the EC. Therefore, the collapse of the EC and cell viability when residual α‐glucoside concentrations no longer support adequate rates of fermentation can be very abrupt. This emphasizes the importance of early cropping of yeast for recycling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetics Education for Health Professionals: A Context
Authors: McInerney Joseph D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEducation of health professionals about genetics is essential to the integration of genetics into mainstream health care, but there are a number of associated challenges. By virtue of their training, genetic counselors are well suited to address many of those challenges and to assume a variety of roles related to genetics education for health professionals. This paper provides a brief overview of the status of genetics education for non‐genetics health professionals and reviews the context in which educational efforts are likely to occur.
Ethnic Differences in Parental Perceptions of Genetic Testing for Deaf Infants
Authors: Palmer Christina G. S. , Martinez Ariadna , Fox Michelle , Sininger Yvonne , Grody Wayne W. , Schimmenti Lisa A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs genetic testing becomes an integral part of the evaluation of deaf infants and children, it is important to understand parental views on genetic testing. The purpose of this study is to examine parental reasons for, and beliefs about, genetic testing for deafness in early‐identified infants, and to determine if they differ as a function of ethnicity. We present baseline data collected from 56 Caucasian, 59 Hispanic, and 24 Asian parents of deaf children participating in a longitudinal, prospective study on genetic testing for connexin‐related deafness. The overall finding is that reasons for, and beliefs about, genetic testing for deafness varied as a function of ethnicity. Virtually all parents sought genetic testing to understand why their child is deaf. However, Asian and/or Hispanic parents were more likely than Caucasian parents to view family planning, helping with their child's medical care, and helping the family as other important reasons for testing, and were more likely than Caucasian parents to perceive genetic testing to be useful for these purposes. Asian and Hispanic parents were more likely than Caucasian parents to perceive genetic testing in harmful terms. Genetic testing fulfills a cognitive need for parents to understand why their child is deaf, yet differences in responses suggest that Asian and Hispanic parents may seek testing for other purposes. Understanding different perspectives on genetic testing for deafness will enhance genetic counselors’ cultural competence and facilitate the pre‐test genetic counseling session.
Beef meat promotion of dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal carcinogenesis biomarkers is suppressed by dietary calcium
Authors: Pierre Fabrice , Santarelli Raphaëlle , Taché Sylviane , Guéraud Françoise , Corpet Denis E. 
Published: October 2007

Red meat consumption is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. We have previously shown that haemin, Hb and red meat promote carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions: aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in rats. We have also shown that dietary Ca, antioxidant mix and olive oil inhibit haemin-induced ACF promotion, and normalize faecal lipoperoxides and cytotoxicity. Here we tested if these strategies are effective also against red meat promotion in dimethylhydrazine-induced rats. Three diets with 60 % beef meat were supplemented with calcium phosphate (31 g/kg), antioxidant agents (rutin and butylated hydroxyanisole, 0·05 % each) and olive oil (5 %). ACF, MDF, faecal water cytotoxicity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and urinary 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (DHN-MA) were measured. Beef meat diet increased the number of ACF (+30 %) and MDF (+100 %) (P < 0·001), which confirms our previous findings. Promotion was associated with increased faecal water TBARs ( × 4) and cytotoxicity ( × 2), and urinary DHN-MA excretion ( × 15). Ca fully inhibited beef meat-induced ACF and MDF promotion, and normalized faecal TBARS and cytotoxicity, but did not reduce urinary DHN-MA. Unexpectedly, high-calcium control diet-fed rats had more MDF and ACF in the colon than low-Ca control diet-fed rats. Antioxidant mix and olive oil did not normalize beef meat promotion nor biochemical factors. The results confirm that haem causes promotion of colon carcinogenesis by red meat. They suggest that Ca can reduce colorectal cancer risk in meat-eaters. The results support the concept that toxicity associated with the excess of a useful nutrient may be prevented by another nutrient.
Decay of correlations in suspension semi-flows of angle-multiplying maps
Authors: TSUJII MASATO 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe consider suspension semi-flows of angle-multiplying maps on the circle for Cr ceiling functions with r≥3. Under a Crgeneric condition on the ceiling function, we show that there exists a Hilbert space (anisotropic Sobolev space) contained in the L2 space such that the Perron–Frobenius operator for the time-t-map acts naturally on it and that the essential spectral radius of that action is bounded by the square root of the inverse of the minimum expansion rate. This leads to a precise description of decay of correlations. Furthermore, the Perron–Frobenius operator for the time-t-map is quasi-compact for a Cr open and dense set of ceiling functions.
On one-pass CPS transformations
Authors: DANVY OLIVIER , MILLIKIN KEVIN , NIELSEN LASSE R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe bridge two distinct approaches to one-pass CPS transformations, i.e, CPS transformations that reduce administrative redexes at transformation time instead of in a post-processing phase. One approach is compositional and higher-order, and is independently due to Appel, Danvy and Filinski, and Wand, building on Plotkin's seminal work. The other is non-compositional and based on a reduction semantics for the lambda-calculus, and is due to Sabry and Felleisen. To relate the two approaches, we use three tools: Reynolds's defunctionalization and its left inverse, refunctionalization; a special case of fold–unfold fusion due to Ohori and Sasano, fixed-point promotion; and an implementation technique for reduction semantics due to Danvy and Nielsen, refocusing. This work is directly applicable to transforming programs into monadic normal form.
Control reduction theories: the benefit of structural substitution
Authors: ARIOLA ZENA M. , HERBELIN HUGO 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe historical design of the call-by-value theory of control relies on the reification of evaluation contexts as regular functions and on the use of ordinary term application for jumping to a continuation. To the contrary, thecontrol calculus, developed by the authors, distinguishes betweenjumpsandterms. This alternative calculus, which derives from Parigot's λμ-calculus, works by directstructural substitutionof evaluation contexts. We review and revisit the legacy theories of control and argue thatprovides an observationally equivalent but smoother theory. In an additional note contributed by Matthias Felleisen, we review the story of the birth of control calculi during the mid- to late-eighties at Indiana University.
Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine on the Developing Brain: An Authoritative Guide
Authors: Johnson-Greene Doug 
Published: October 2007

Brain Development: Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine. Michael W. Miller (Ed.). 2006. New York: Oxford University Press, 424 pp., $98.50 (HB)The process of brain development is an essential yet often overlooked area in the neuropsychological literature. The topic has a natural appeal to those who work with children where developmental disorders predominate. However, it is often more difficult for those who work with adults to appreciate the role of developmental aberrations and their contribution to pathological processes that may seem far removed from the early developmental history of our patients. The tendency for some to deemphasize early developmental influences may stem in part from a lack of clarity about how common toxin exposures, such as alcohol and nicotine, alter normal brain development and contribute to changes in cognitive function. Increasingly, evidence of early developmental influences has emerged in a host of epigenetically-based developmental disorders and neuropathological conditions, such as schizophrenia, and these influences are also implicated in theoretical models, such as cognitive reserve.
The Social Brain: The Blind Men and The Elephant
Authors: Nies Kristie J. 
Published: October 2007

Social Neuroscience: Integrating Biological and Psychological Explanations of Social Behavior. Eddie Harmon-Jones and Piotr Winkielman (Eds.). 2007. New York: The Guilford Press, 512 pp., $65.00 (HB)I reviewed this book shortly after reading The Neuroscience of Human Relationships, by Louis Cozolino (2006), hoping that this book, which addresses how our brains exist in relationship to other brains, would be an adequate prerequisite for Social Neuroscience. I had concerns that its focus would be the biology of social psychology proper (rather than the biology of social relationships) for which I would be less qualified and less interested. A quick perusal convinced me that the book was indeed about the biological basis of human social behavior. With that information and a review of a similar title, Social Neuroscience: People Thinking About Thinking People (Fein, 2006), I proceeded.
Suspension Culture Process of MethA Tumor Cell for the Production of Heat‐Shock Protein Glycoprotein 96: Process Optimization in Spinner Flasks
Authors: Tang Ya‐Jie , Li Hong‐Mei , Hamel Jean‐François P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHeat‐shock proteins (HSPs) act like “chaperones”, making sure that the cellapos;s proteins are in the right shape and in the right place at the right time. Heat‐shock protein glycoprotein 96 (gp96) is a member of the HSP90 protein family, which chaperones a number of molecules in protein folding and transportation. Heat‐shock protein gp96 serves as a natural adjuvant for chaperoning antigenic peptides into the immune surveillance pathways. Currently, heat‐shock protein gp96 was only isolated from murine and human tissues and cell lines. An animal cell suspension culture process for the production of heat‐shock protein gp96 by MethA tumor cell was developed for the first time in spinner flasks. Effects of culture medium and condition were studied to enhance the MethA tumor cell density and the production and productivity of heat‐shock protein gp96. Initial glucose concentration had a significant effect on the heat‐shock protein gp96 accumulation, and an initial glucose level of 7.0 g/L was desirable for MethA tumor cell growth and heat‐shock protein gp96 production and productivity. Cultures at an initial glutamine concentration of 3 and 6 mM were nutritionally limited by glutamine. At an initial glutamine concentration of 6 mM, the maximal viable cell density of 19.90 × 105 cells/mL and the maximal heat‐shock protein gp96 production of 4.95 mg/L was obtained. The initial concentration of RPMI 1640 and serum greatly affected the MethA tumor cell culture process. Specifically cultures with lower initial concentration of RPMI 1640 resulted in lower viable cell density and lower heat‐shock protein gp96 production. At an initial serum concentration of 8%, the maximal viable cell density of 19.18 × 105 cells/mL and the maximal heat‐shock protein gp96 production of 5.67 mg/L was obtained. The spin rate significantly affected the cell culture process in spinner flasks, and a spin rate of 150 rpm was desirable for MethA tumor cell growth and heat‐shock protein gp96 production and productivity. Not only the cell density but also the production and productivity of heat‐shock protein gp96 attained in this work are the highest reported in the culture of MethA tumor cell. This work offers an effective approach for producing heat‐shock protein glycoprotein 96 from the cell culture process. The fundamental information obtained in this study may be useful for the efficient production of heat‐shock protein by animal cell suspension culture on a large scale.