bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Berry curvature and quantum metric in copper-substituted lead phosphate apatite
Authors: Chen Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The recent discovery of copper-substituted lead phosphate apatite, also known as LK-99, has caught much attention owing to certain experimental evidence of room-temperature superconductivity, although this claim is currently under intensive debate. Be it superconducting or not, we show that the normal state of this material has peculiar quantum geometrical properties that may be related to the magnetism and the mechanism for flat band superconductivity. Based on a recently proposed spinless two-band tight-binding model for the Pb–Cu hexagonal lattice subset of the crystalline structure, which qualitatively captures the two flat bands in the band structure, we elaborate the highly anisotropic Berry curvature and quantum metric in the regions of Brillouin zone where one flat band is above and the other below the Fermi surface. In these regions, the Berry curvature has a pattern in the planar momentum that remains unchanged along the out-of-plane momentum. Moreover, the net orbital magnetization contributed from the Berry curvature is zero, signifying that the magnetism in this material should come from other sources. The quantum metric has a similar momentum dependence, and its two planar components are found to be roughly the same but the out-of-plane component vanishes, hinting that the superfluid stiffness of the flat band superconductivity, shall it occur, may be quite anisotropic.
Realization of either physisorption or chemisorption of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin on the Cu(111) from density functional theory
Authors: Naseri Shabnam , Abbas Ghulam , Johansson Gustav , Koumpouras Konstantinos , Baran Jakub D , Larsson J Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The adsorption of organic molecules to surfaces is a central issue to achieve fully-functional molecular devices, for which porphyrins are well-studied due to their chemical stability and functional diversity. Herein, we investigate both the physical and the chemical adsorption of the free-base tetraphenylporphyrin 2H-TPP on the Cu(111) surface within the framework of density functional theory and find that the most stable physisorbed configuration is more weakly bound by −0.31 eV than the chemisorbed configuration. We use the electron localization function to investigate the difference in binding mechanisms between strong physisorption and weak chemisorption. We have computed a reaction barrier of 0.12 eV in going from physical binding to chemical bonding to the surface, and a barrier of 50 meV in going between neighboring physical binding sites. Our results support the possibility of realizing free-base porphyrins either physisorbed or chemisorbed on Cu(111) depending on the deposition procedure and experimental conditions.
Entangled dark state mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero materials
Authors: Ma Yun , Wang Nuo , Liu Qi , Tian Yu , Tian Zhaohua , Gu Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two emitters can be entangled by manipulating them through optical fields within a photonic cavity. However, maintaining entanglement for a long time is challenging due to the decoherence of the entangled qubits, primarily caused by cavity loss and atomic decay. Here, we found the entangled dark state between two emitters mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, ensuring entanglement maintenance over an extended period. To obtain the entangled dark state, we derived an effective model with degenerate mode modulation. In the dielectric cavities within ENZ materials, the decay rate of emitters can be regarded as 0, which is the key to achieving the entangled dark state. Meanwhile, the dark state immune to cavity loss exists when two emitters are in symmetric positions in the dielectric cavity. Additionally, by adjusting the emitters to specific asymmetric positions, it is possible to achieve transient entanglement with higher concurrence. By overcoming the decoherence of the entangled qubits, this study demonstrates stable, long-term entanglement with ENZ materials, holding significant importance for applications such as nanodevice design for quantum communication and quantum information processing.
Finite-time blow-up in hyperbolic Keller–Segel system of consumption type with logarithmic sensitivity
Authors: Na Jungkyoung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with finite-time blow-up of a hyperbolic Keller–Segel system of consumption type with the logarithmic sensitivity

∂

t

ρ
=
−
χ
∇
⋅

ρ
∇
log
c

,

∂

t

c
=
−
μ
c
ρ

χ
,
μ
>
0

in

R

d

(
d
⩾
1
)

for nonvanishing initial data. This system is closely related to tumor angiogenesis, an important example of chemotaxis. Our singularity formation is not because c touches zero (which makes

log
c

diverge) but due to the blowup of

C
1

×

C
2

-norm of

(
ρ
,
c
)

. As a corollary, we also construct initial data near any constant equilibrium state which blows up in finite time for any

d
⩾
1

.
Nonlocal based FISTA network for noninvasive cardiac transmembrane potential imaging
Authors: Ran Ao , Cheng Linsheng , Xie Shuting , Liu Muqing , Pu Cailing , Hu Hongjie , Liu Huafeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. The primary aim of our study is to advance our understanding and diagnosis of cardiac diseases. We focus on the reconstruction of myocardial transmembrane potential (TMP) from body surface potential mapping. Approach. We introduce a novel methodology for the reconstruction of the dynamic distribution of TMP. This is achieved through the integration of convolutional neural networks with conventional optimization algorithms. Specifically, we utilize the subject-specific transfer matrix to describe the dynamic changes in TMP distribution and ECG observations at the body surface. To estimate the TMP distribution, we employ LNFISTA-Net, a learnable non-local regularized iterative shrinkage-thresholding network. The coupled estimation processes are iteratively repeated until convergence. Main results. Our experiments demonstrate the capabilities and benefits of this strategy. The results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in accurately estimating the TMP distribution, thereby providing a reliable method for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Significance. Our approach demonstrates promising results, highlighting its potential utility for a range of applications in the medical field. By providing a more accurate and dynamic reconstruction of TMP, our methodology could significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases, thereby contributing to advancements in healthcare.
The superiority of the photocatalytic and antibacterial performance of mechanochemically synthesized CdS nanoparticles over solvothermal-prepared ones
Authors: Burashev Gairat , Tatykayev Batukhan , Baláž Matej , Khan Natalya , Jumagazieva Ardak , Iskakbayeva Zhanar , Seysembekova Anar , Tugelbay Saparbek , Turgynbay Nurshat , Niyazbayeva Almagul , Ilin Aleksandr , Burkitbayev Mukhambetkali , Shalabayev Zhandos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have developed a facile, dry, and environmentally friendly mechanochemical method for the synthesis of cadmium sulfide (m-CdS) nanoparticles in a planetary ball mill using non-toxic precursors. Thiourea was for the first time used as a precursor of sulfide ion in room temperature solid state ball milling synthesis. For comparison of the mechanochemical approach with others, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were also prepared using the solvothermal method (s-CdS). The crystal structure of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles was studied by XRD, the qualitative chemical band properties were examined by Raman scattering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and particle morphology and microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods. The sizes of the m-CdS nanoparticles had 5–6 nm in diameter, which is 10 times smaller than the diameter of s-CdS nanorods. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the dye degradation and hydrogen production by water splitting were evaluated and the antibacterial activities were also tested. The photocatalytic activity of m-CdS was superior to that of s-CdS in the degradation of Orange II under visible light irradiation. Better results for m-CdS were also evidenced in photocatalytic experiments on hydrogen generation. The maximum rate of hydrogen evolution for m-CdS was 191.9 µmolg−1h−1 at the 120th min,while this indicator for s-CdS was only 58.0 µmolg−1h−1 at the same irradiation time.The better effect of m-CdS was evidenced also in an antibacterial study (namely against gram-positive bacteria).
Design and analysis of a contact-aided flexure hinge (CAFH) with variable stiffness
Authors: Dai Shenyuan , Hao Guangbo , Qiu Lifang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel contact-aided flexure hinge (CAFH) with variable stiffness, which consists of a contact-aided segment, a flexible segment and a rigid part. The proposed CAFH can facilitate a compact design and provide an alternative for stiffness-variable designs under any loading conditions. With a mortise-tenon structure, the CAFH is trivially affected by friction. The design and deformation procedures of the CAFH are described in detail, followed by its theoretical kinetostatic modeling using the chained beam-constraint model. The deformation of all segments is considered in the kinetostatic model, which expands the space of design parameters for stiffness-variable designs. Then, the accuracy of the theoretical model and the variable stiffness design are verified by nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental tests. In term of stiffness, the maximum relative errors of the theoretical model are 0.76% in Stage 1 and 0.70% in Stage 2, as compared with FEA, respectively. Further, the parameter sweep is carried out, followed by sensitivity analysis to identify the main test error sources. Finally, the multi-material scenarios are investigated preliminarily, and some outlooks are discussed.
DBD plasma as a practical approach to sterilization of dental instruments
Authors: Mohammed Raghad S , Al -Marjani Mohammed F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Microbe control and decontamination are necessary for medical equipment that will be used again. Several wet and dry sterilizer technologies, like as autoclaves, ovens, UV systems, and chemical agents, have been widely used to eliminate the possibility of cross-infection between contaminated dental instruments or materials and dental patients. The development of a sterilizer device capable of sterilizing dental equipment through non-toxic materials has been shown to significantly decrease the overall procedure time compared to conventional approaches. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma device in sterilizing dental instruments under atmospheric pressure conditions. Also, due to Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) existence at low temperatures, researchers have been examining the biological effects of cold plasmas for medical applications with promising results. The dental Tweezer, one of the dental tools, was chosen to perform the sterilization process using the DBD plasma device. The Dental Tweezers samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and then the DBD plasma device was used to sterilize them for 1, 2, 3, and 4 min, respectively, to figure out the best time to do this. The DBD plasma device successfully killed E. coli and S. aureus. Based on the findings derived from our present investigation, the cold plasma device has impressively proven its efficiency in sterilization.
Adsorption and evolution of hydrogen molecules on hexagonal boron nitride monolayer: a combined DFT and kinetic monte-carlo simulations study
Authors: Ghosh Sulagna , Nath Palash , Moshat Sudipta , Sanyal Dirtha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte-Carlo (kMC) simulation code has been combinedly used to study the adsorption and evolution dynamics of hydrogen molecules over a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer. Maximum adsorption energy from van der Waals curve is predicted to be around 60 to 70 meV using two different DFT functionals. Repulsive lateral interaction between two hydrogen molecules plays a key role in determining the maximum number of adsorptions inside one unit cell of h-BN. Bader charge analysis, electron localization function (ELF), total and partial density of states (DOS) plots have been included to understand the weak interaction going on between the adsorbent and substrate. The input energy parameters from the DFT calculation has been used to perform the kMC simulation for describing the adsorption, desorption and the diffusion pattern of hydrogen molecules with a given time of exposure to an empty h-BN substrate along with the overall surface coverage.
Precise determination of the top-quark on-shell mass
via its scale- invariant perturbative relation to the top-quark
mass
*
Authors: Huang 黄 Xu-Dong 旭东 , Wu 吴 Xing-Gang 兴刚 , Zheng 郑 Xu-Chang 绪昌 , Yan 闫 Jiang 江 , Wu 吴 Zhi-Fei 知非 , Ma 马 Hong-Hao 鸿浩 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a systematic approach to solve the conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities. Scale-fixed predictions of physical observables using the PMC are independent of the choice of renormalization scheme – a key requirement for renormalization group invariance. In this paper, we derive new degeneracy relations based on the renormalization group equations that involve both the usual β-function and the quark mass anomalous dimension

-function. These new degeneracy relations enable improved PMC scale-setting procedures for correct magnitudes of the strong coupling constant and

-running quark mass to be determined simultaneously. By using these improved PMC scale-setting procedures, the renormalization scale dependence of the

-on-shell quark mass relation can be eliminated systematically. Consequently, the top-quark on-shell (or

) mass can be determined without conventional renormalization scale ambiguity. Taking the top-quark

mass

GeV as the input, we obtain

GeV. Here, the uncertainties arise from errors combined with those from

and the approximate uncertainty resulting from the uncalculated five-loop terms predicted through the Padé approximation approach.
Sequential decay analysis of 235U(nth, f ) reaction using fragmentation approach
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Kaushik Ashutosh , Sharma Manoj K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Numerous experimental and theoretical observations have concluded that the probability of the three fragment emission (ternary fission) or binary fission increases when one proceeds towards the heavy mass region of nuclear periodic table. Many factors affect fragment emission, such as the shell effect, deformation, orientation, and fissility parameter. Binary and ternary fissions are observed for both ground and excited states of the nuclei. The collinear cluster tripartition (CCT) channel of the

U(n

, f) reaction is studied, and we observe that the CCT may be a sequential or simultaneous emission phenomenon. To date, different approaches have been introduced to study the CCT process as a simultaneous or sequential process, but the decay dynamics of these modes have not been not fully explored. Identifying the three fragments of the sequential process and exploring their related dynamics using an excitation energy dependent approach would be of further interest. Hence, in this study, we investigate the sequential decay mechanism of the

U(n

, f) reaction using quantum mechanical fragmentation theory (QMFT). The decay mechanism is considered in two steps, where initially, the nucleus splits into an asymmetric channel. In the second step, the heavy fragment obtained in the first step divides into two fragments. Stage I analysis is conducted by calculating the fragmentation potential and preformation probability for the spherical and deformed choices of the decaying fragments. The most probable fragment combination of stage I are identified with respect to the dips in the fragmentation structure and the corresponding maxima of the preformation probability (

). The light fragments of the identified decay channels (obtained in step I) agree closely with the experimentally observed fragments. The excitation energy of the decay channel is calculated using an iteration process. The excitation energy is shared using an excitation energy dependent level density parameter. The obtained excitation energy of the identified heavy fragments is further used to analyze the fragmentation, and the subsequent binary fragments of the sequential process are obtained. The three identified fragments of the sequential process agree with experimental observations and are found near the neutron or proton shell closure. Finally, the kinetic energy of the observed fragments is calculated, and the middle fragment of the CCT mechanism is identified.
A Statistical Study of Magnetic Flux Emergence in Solar Active Regions Prior to Strongest Flares
Authors: Kutsenko Alexander S. , Abramenko Valentina I. , Plotnikov Andrei A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using the data on magnetic field maps and continuum intensity for Solar Cycles 23 and 24, we explored 100 active regions (ARs) that produced M5.0 or stronger flares. We focus on the presence/absence of the emergence of magnetic flux in these ARs 2–3 days before the strong flare onset. We found that 29 ARs in the sample emerged monotonically amidst quiet-Sun. A major emergence of a new magnetic flux within a pre-existing AR yielding the formation of a complex flare-productive configuration was observed in another 24 cases. For 30 ARs, an insignificant (in terms of the total magnetic flux of pre-existing AR) emergence of a new magnetic flux within the pre-existing magnetic configuration was observed; for some of them the emergence resulted in a formation of a configuration with a small δ-sunspot; 11 out of 100 ARs exhibited no signatures of magnetic flux emergence during the entire interval of observation. In six cases the emergence was in progress when the AR appeared on the Eastern limb, so that the classification and timing of emergence were not possible. We conclude that the recent flux emergence is not a necessary and/or sufficient condition for strong flaring of an AR. The flux emergence rate of flare-productive ARs analyzed here was compared with that of flare-quiet ARs analyzed in our previous studies. We revealed that the flare-productive ARs tend to display faster emergence than the flare-quiet ones do.
PEGylation of NIR Cd0.3Pb0.7S aqueous quantum dots for stabilization and reduction of nonspecific binding to cells
Authors: Jednorski Alexandra , Acar Ozgun , Shih Wan Y , Shih Wei-Heng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cd0.3Pb0.7S (CdPbS) aqueous quantum dots (AQDs) made with 3-mercaptoproprionic acid (MPA) as a ligand have the advantages of emitting near-infrared light, well above 800 nm, that completely circumvents interference from tissue autofluorescence and have significant amounts of ligands for bioconjugation. However, retaining the right amount of MPA became a challenge when using CdPbS AQDs for bioimaging because retaining too much MPA could lead to significant nonspecific staining in cell imaging while insufficient MPA could cause AQDs instability in biological systems. Here we examined PEGylation (i.e. chemically linking amine-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG)) to modify MPA on the AQDs surface to improve AQDs stability and reduce nonspecific staining. In addition, for conjugation with antibodies, a bifunctional PEG with a carboxyl functionality was used to permit chemical linkage of a PEG to an antibody on the other end. It was found that performing PEGylation at the thiol concentration where the zeta potential becomes saturated stabilized the CdPbS AQDs suspension and reduced nonspecific binding to cells. Furthermore, with the bifunctional PEG, the CdPbS AQDs were conjugated with antibodies and the AQD-Ab conjugates were shown to stain cancer cells specifically against normal cells with a signal-to-noise ratio of 8.
Canonical reductions of the TED equation: integrable deformations of heavenly-type equations
Authors: Konopelchenko B G , Schief W K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Natural classes of integrability-preserving reductions of a 4+4-dimensional generalisation (TED equation) of the general heavenly equation are recorded. In particular, these reductions lead to integrable ‘deformations’ of various other avatars of the heavenly equation governing self-dual Einstein spaces. The known deformed heavenly equations which give rise to half-flat conformal structures are retrieved in this manner. Moreover, Plebański’s link between the first and second heavenly equations is extended to their deformed counterparts.
Evaluation of temporal, spatial and spectral filtering in CSP-based methods for decoding pedaling-based motor tasks using EEG signals
Authors: Blanco-Díaz Cristian Felipe , Guerrero-Mendez Cristian David , Delisle-Rodriguez Denis , Jaramillo-Isaza Sebastián , Ruiz-Olaya Andrés Felipe , Frizera-Neto Anselmo , Ferreira de Souza Alberto , Bastos-Filho Teodiano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Stroke is a neurological syndrome that usually causes a loss of voluntary control of lower/upper body movements, making it difficult for affected individuals to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) combined with robotic systems, such as Motorized Mini Exercise Bikes (MMEB), have enabled the rehabilitation of people with disabilities by decoding their actions and executing a motor task. However, Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs are affected by the presence of physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Thus, movement discrimination using EEG become challenging, even in pedaling tasks, which have not been well explored in the literature. In this study, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP)-based methods were proposed to classify pedaling motor tasks. To address this, Filter Bank Common Spatial Patterns (FBCSP) and Filter Bank Common Spatial-Spectral Patterns (FBCSSP) were implemented with different spatial filtering configurations by varying the time segment with different filter bank combinations for the three methods to decode pedaling tasks. An in-house EEG dataset during pedaling tasks was registered for 8 participants. As results, the best configuration corresponds to a filter bank with two filters (8–19 Hz and 19–30 Hz) using a time window between 1.5 and 2.5 s after the cue and implementing two spatial filters, which provide accuracy of approximately 0.81, False Positive Rates lower than 0.19, and Kappa index of 0.61. This work implies that EEG oscillatory patterns during pedaling can be accurately classified using machine learning. Therefore, our method can be applied in the rehabilitation context, such as MMEB-based BCIs, in the future.