bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of imide‐linked covalent organic frameworks with palladium nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Guo Zhuangyan , Yang Shuai , Liu Minghao , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been widely employed as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their diverse and tunable skeletons and pores. However, their electrocatalytic activity was limited due to the lack of highly active catalytic sites. In this work, we have first immobilized palladium nanoparticles (NPs) into the crystal, porous, and stable imide‐linked COF for ORR. The newly designed COF had pyridine linkers with imide‐linkages in the frameworks serving as the binding sites to anchor Pd sites, and the high surface area and open pore channels provide fast mass transport pathway to the active Pd sites, which contributed highly active performance in ORR. And the designed catalyst delivered onset potential and the half‐wave potential of COF‐Pd of 0.97 and 0.83 V, with a limited current density of 6.1 mA cm−2, respectively. This work provides us insights into developing high crystalline COFs with metal NPs in electrocatalytic systems.
High sensitivity of host Helios+/Neuropilin‐1+ Treg to pretransplant conditioning hampers development of OX40bright/integrin‐β7+ regulatory cells in acute gastrointestinal GvHD
Authors: Lupsa Nikolett , Érsek Barbara , Böröczky Csenge , Kis Dávid , Szarka Eszter , Lumniczky Katalin , Sáfrány Géza , Zádori Zoltán S , Szöőr Árpád , Buzás Edit I , Pós Zoltán 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study sought to compare the behavior of Treg subsets displaying different coexpression patterns of Neuropilin‐1 (Nrp1) and Helios, under the influence of gut stress unrelated to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pretransplantation conditioning, and posttransplant gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease (GI‐aGvHD). Host CD4+/CD25hi/Foxp3+ Treg cells, identified by flow cytometry, were isolated from various tissues of mice affected by these stressors. Expression of CD25, CTLA‐4, CD39, OX40, integrin‐β7, LAG3, TGFβ/LAP, granzyme‐A, ‐B, and interleukin‐10 was compared in four Treg subsets displaying Helios or Nrp1 only, both or none. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorter–sorted Treg subsets, displaying markers affected in a conditioning‐ and GI‐aGVHD‐restricted manner, were further investigated by transcriptome profiling and T‐cell suppression assays. We found that conditioning by irradiation greatly diminished the relative frequency of Helios+/Nrp1+ Treg, shifting the balance toward Helios−/Nrp1− Treg in the host. Upregulation of integrin‐β7 and OX40 occurred in GI‐aGvHD‐dependent manner in Helios+/Nrp1+ cells but not in Helios−/Nrp1− Treg. Sorted Treg subsets, confirmed to overexpress Nrp1, Helios, OX40, or integrin‐β7, displayed superior immunosuppressive activity and enrichment in activation‐related messenger RNA transcripts. Our data suggest that conditioning‐induced shrinkage of the Nrp1+/Helios+ Treg subset may contribute to the development of GI‐GvHD by impairing gut homing and decreasing the efficiency of Treg‐mediated immunosuppression.
Certainty and uncertainty in the biological activities of resveratrol
Authors: Drago Lorenzo , Ciprandi Giorgio , Brindisi Giulia , Brunese Francesco Paolo , Dinardo Giulio , Gori Alessandra , Indolfi Cristiana , Naso Matteo , Tondina Enrico , Trincianti Chiara , Varricchio Attilio , Zicari Anna Maria , Ullah Hammad , Daglia Maria ,   the Nutraceutical and Medical Device Task Force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology (SIAIP)
Published: March 2024

AbstractResveratrol is a nonflavonoid polyphenolic compound with a chemical structure consisting of two aromatic rings linked by a methylene bridge. It exists in two primary isomers and has a broad range of desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and antitumor activities. Some antioxidant properties of resveratrol are known with certainty, such as its potential to positively impact cardiovascular health, inflammation, and the metabolism. On the other hand, many uncertainties and controversies plague its efficacy, including issues related to its bioavailability, dosing, human clinical trial results, interactions with other food components and drugs, and individual variability. In brief, although promising results have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies, the translation of these findings to human health remains uncertain. Many human clinical trials on resveratrol are ongoing or have proven inconclusive, making it challenging to definitively determine its efficacy for specific health conditions and its dose and duration of treatment. Resveratrol may interact with medications and have varying effects on individuals. In conclusion, it is essential to approach resveratrol with a balanced perspective, consulting with healthcare professionals, and considering the evolving scientific evidence when making decisions regarding its clinical use.
Effects of increasing sensitizing doses of ovalbumin on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice
Authors: Chen Yan‐Jiao , Yuan Yu , Peng Lu , Dong Xin‐Yi , Xu Yu‐Dong , Wang Yu , Yang Yong‐Qing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe dosage of ovalbumin (OVA) during the sensitization stage is considered a crucial factor in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, the inconsistent dosages of sensitizing OVA used in current studies and the lack of research on their impact on AHR are notable limitations.MethodsWe examined the impact of increasing sensitizing doses of OVA in a murine asthma model, which entailed initial sensitization with OVA followed by repeated exposure to OVA aerosols. BALB/c mice were primed with doses of OVA (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg) plus 1 mg Alum on Days 0 and 7, and were challenged with OVA aerosols (10 mg/mL for 30 min) between Days 14 and 17. Antigen‐induced AHR to methacholine (MCh), as well as histological changes, eosinophilic infiltration, and epithelial injury were assessed.ResultsThe result indicated that there are striking OVA dose‐related differences in antigen‐induced AHR to MCh. The most intense antigen‐induced AHR to MCh was observed with sensitization at 50 μg, while weaker responses were seen at 10, 20, and 100 μg. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in eosinophil count with sensitization at 50 μg. The changes of AHR were correlated with total cells count, lymphocytes count, eosinophils count, and basophils count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; however, it did not correlate with histological changes such as cellular infiltration into bronchovascular bundles and goblet cell hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium.ConclusionOverall, this study demonstrated that sensitization with 50 μg of OVA resulted in the most significant AHR compared to other dosages. These findings may offer valuable insights for future research on mouse asthma modeling protocols.
Establishment of patient‐derived organoids for guiding personalized therapies in breast cancer patients
Authors: Wu Huizi , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Yinbin , Chen Yinxi , Shan Changyou , Li Jia , Jia Yiwei , Li Chaofan , Du Chong , Cai Yifan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Shuqun , Wu Fei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBreast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer. The intra‐ and interpatient heterogeneity induced a considerable variation in treatment efficacy. There is an urgent requirement for preclinical models to anticipate the effectiveness of individualized drug responses. Patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) can accurately recapitulate the architecture and biological characteristics of the origin tumor, making them a promising model that can overtake many limitations of cell lines and PDXs. However, it is still unclear whether PDOs‐based drug testing can benefit breast cancer patients, particularly those with tumor recurrence or treatment resistance. Fresh tumor samples were surgically resected for organoid culture. Primary tumor samples and PDOs were subsequently subjected to H&E staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to make comparisons. Drug sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the feasibility of this model for predicting patient drug response in clinical practice. We established 75 patient‐derived breast cancer organoid models. The results of H&E staining, IHC, and WES revealed that PDOs inherited the histologic and genetic characteristics of their parental tumor tissues. The PDOs successfully predicted the patient's drug response, and most cases exhibited consistency between PDOs' drug susceptibility test results and the clinical response of the matched patient. We conclude that the breast cancer organoids platform can be a potential preclinical tool used for the selection of effective drugs and guided personalized therapies for patients with advanced breast cancer.
The engineered exosomes targeting ferroptosis: A novel approach to reverse immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance
Authors: Chen Anqi , Zhang Wenjie , Jiang Chuwen , Jiang Zhengting , Tang Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been extensively used in immunological therapy primarily due to their ability to prolong patient survival. Although ICIs have achieved success in cancer treatment, the resistance of ICIs should not be overlooked. Ferroptosis is a newly found cell death mode characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, which has been demonstrated to be beneficial to immunotherapy and combining ferroptosis and ICIs to exploit new immunotherapies may reverse ICIs resistance. Exosomes act as mediators in cell‐to‐cell communication that may regulate ferroptosis to influence immunotherapy through the secretion of biological molecules. Thus, utilizing exosomes to target ferroptosis has opened up exciting possibilities for reversing ICIs resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of ferroptosis improving ICIs therapy and how exosomes regulate ferroptosis through adjusting iron metabolism, blocking the ROS accumulation, controlling ferroptosis defense systems, and influencing classic signaling pathways and how engineered exosomes target ferroptosis and improve ICIs efficiency.
What drives the return and volatility spillover betweenDeFisand cryptocurrencies?
Authors: Assaf Ata , Demir Ender , Ersan Oguz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the return and volatility connectedness between cryptocurrencies and DeFi Tokens, considering the impact of different uncertainty indices on their connectivity. Initially, we estimate a TVP‐VAR model to obtain the total connectedness between the two markets. We find that returns on the cryptocurrencies transmit significantly larger shocks and, thus, are responsible for most variations in the majority of DeFis' returns. Then, to analyse the impact of uncertainty on total return and volatility connectedness, we use four factors, namely, Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU), The Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX), Infectious Disease Equity Market Volatility Tracker (ID‐EMV) and Geopolitical Risks (GPR). We find that except for geopolitical risks, all three measures have a positive impact on return and volatility connectedness, while GPR exerts a negative impact. Finally, we provide implications for researchers, market participants and policymakers.
Risk factors related to the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine additional doses hesitancy among pregnant and non‐pregnant people of reproductive age and partners: A Brazilian cross‐sectional study
Authors: Charles Charles M. , Noles Marcelo , Munezero Aline , Gallardo Negli , Bahamondes Luis , Bento Silvana F. , de Pádua Karla S. , Nhauche Marta , Metelus Sherly , Cecatti José G. , Souza Renato T. , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the predictors of acceptance and hesitancy of additional doses of any SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) vaccine among pregnant or recently pregnant and non‐pregnant people of reproductive age and partners in Brazil.MethodsWe conducted an online cross‐sectional study from June 2022 to April 2023 and invited women and partners between 18 and 49 years old to participate. We employed a snowball strategy to reach all potential eligible participants. Our primary outcome was the acceptance rate of the COVID‐19 booster vaccine. We estimated the frequency and percentage for the three groups and compared categorical variables using the Chi‐square test. Moreover, bivariate, backward stepwise regression, and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors and predictors of COVID‐19 vaccine booster hesitancy. We reported the effect size as OR with a 95% CI.ResultsWe included 1487 participants, and among them, 334 (22.5%) were pregnant or recently pregnant people, 905 (60.8%) were non‐pregnant people, and 247 (16.6%) were male partners. Pregnant and recently pregnant people showed greater hesitancy for the COVID‐19 vaccine booster than non‐pregnant people (28% vs 15%, P < 0.001) and male partners (28% vs 16%, P < 0.001). Non‐pregnant women accepted the COVID‐19 vaccine more often than pregnant or recently pregnant people (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.13–2.70). The associated factors to the reduced COVID‐19 vaccine booster acceptance were family income between US$ 566–945.00 (54%), evangelic religion (65%), concern about vaccine safety (80%) and perceived common vaccine importance (93%).ConclusionPregnant people were more hesitant than non‐pregnant people to accept the COVID‐19 booster vaccine. Family income, religious beliefs, vaccine safety concerns, and perceived common vaccine importance were significant barriers to accepting COVID‐19 booster vaccines. The impact of these factors was more evident among pregnant or recently pregnant people, emphasizing the harmful effect of misinformation among this vulnerable population.
Understanding prolonged grief from an existential counseling perspective
Authors: Ivers Nathaniel N. , Johnson David A. , Casares D. Robert , Lonn Marlise R. , Duffey Thelma , Haberstroh Shane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine prolonged grief through an existential theoretical lens. In particular, we critically compare criteria for prolonged grief disorder with existential theoretical principles, including existential phenomenology, existential relatedness, and existential givens of human existence: death anxiety, existential freedom, existential isolation, and existential meaning/meaninglessness. We explore how existential perspectives and principles provide a clinically useful explanation for the presence and etiology of many of the symptoms of prolonged grief. We also describe counseling implications for treating prolonged grief phenomenologically, relationally, and through the lens of the four existential givens.
Guided inquiry‐based learning to enhance student engagement, confidence, and learning
Authors: Nguyen Vuvi H. , Halpin Richard , Joy‐Thomas Anita R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study explores the impact of guided inquiry‐based learning (IBL) on student engagement and performance in a dental hygiene program. The research was conducted with 36 dental hygiene students, focusing on enhancing student engagement using a guided IBL methodology that could ultimately lead to improved student performance and confidence.MethodsDelivered through two interventions, pre‐, post‐, and delayed post‐tests evaluated student performance and confidence, while the ASPECT survey assessed student engagement. The interventions included a lecture (intervention #1) and a group‐based IBL worksheet activity (intervention #2). Statistical analyses using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested the impact of these interventions on student performance and confidence‐adjusted scores.ResultsResults showed significant improvements in student performance and confidence following both interventions, with notably higher gains after the IBL activity. Analysis of ASPECT survey data revealed positive perceptions of engagement, emphasizing the importance of group dynamics, instructor roles, and the activity's value. Students reported enhanced understanding and engagement through group interactions and individual study. The study also highlighted the critical role of the instructor in facilitating and guiding the IBL activity.ConclusionIn conclusion, the study demonstrates that guided IBL strategies can significantly enhance student confidence and performance, suggesting a sustainable impact on learning outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of active, engaged learning methodologies in healthcare education, particularly in enhancing long‐term retention and understanding of complex topics. The study advocates for integrating such strategies into academic curricula to foster deeper student engagement and improved educational experiences.
Langat virus inhibits the gp130/JAK/STAT signaling by reducing the gp130 protein level
Authors: Lin Shaoli , Wang Xiaochun , Sallapalli Bhargava Teja , Hage Adam , Chang Peixi , He Jia , Best Sonja M. , Zhang Yanjin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex includes several medically important flavivirus members endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America, which can induce severe neuroinvasive or viscerotropic diseases with unclear mechanisms of pathogenesis. Langat virus (LGTV) shares a high sequence identity with TBEV but exhibits lower pathogenic potential in humans and serves as a model for virus‐host interactions. In this study, we demonstrated that LGTV infection inhibits the activation of gp130/JAK/STAT (Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)) signaling, which plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes. Our data show that the LGTV‐infected cells had significantly lower phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) protein upon oncostatin M (OSM) stimulation than the mock‐infected control. LGTV infection blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 without a significant effect on total STAT3 protein level. LGTV inhibited JAK1 activation and reduced gp130 protein expression in infected cells, with the viral NS5 protein mediating this effect. TBEV infection also reduces gp130 level. On the other hand, pretreatment of Vero cells with OSM significantly reduces LGTV replication, and STAT1/STAT2 knockdown had little effect on OSM‐mediated antiviral effect, which suggests it is independent of STAT1/STAT2 and, instead, it is potentially mediated by STAT3 signlaing. These findings shed light on the LGTV and TBEV‐cell interactions, offering insights for the future development of antiviral therapeutics and improved vaccines.
Mallard brood movements and survival in an urbanized landscape
Authors: Dykstra Laura R. , Huang Min T. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen selecting a nest site, mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) balance differing habitat requirements for the nesting and brood‐rearing periods, such that the juxtaposition of these habitats in the landscape may influence the female's reproductive strategy and reproductive success. Mallard populations in the northeastern United States have declined since the mid‐1990s, and increasing urban development in this region may pose risks to broods and cause high duckling mortality. We assessed mallard brood and duckling survival in the urbanized landscapes of Connecticut, USA, and evaluated whether differences in brood movements, home ranges, and habitat use in urbanized areas influence brood survival. We monitored 32 mallard broods from females with global positioning system (GPS) transmitters in Connecticut in 2021 and 2022. Apparent brood survival to 30 days (0.48, n = 29 broods) was comparable to previous estimates in the Northeast (range = 0.21–0.72), but individual duckling survival (0.18, n = 257 ducklings) was lower than many previous estimates for this region (range = 0.14–0.44), suggesting this parameter warrants continued evaluation because it may be contributing to population declines in Connecticut and the greater Northeast region. Mallard females demonstrated different reproductive strategies and seemed to prioritize either high‐quality nesting habitat or proximity to high‐quality brood‐rearing habitat. High‐quality nesting habitat is not necessarily near high‐quality brood‐rearing habitat, and 61% (17/28) of females moved their ducklings an average of 1.1 ± 0.9 km (SD) shortly after hatch to a brood‐rearing site, often traveling along small streams. A similar proportion of successful (9/12) and failed (7/13) broods moved. We provide evidence of limited availability of brood‐rearing habitat, as females moved long distances to brood‐rearing wetlands and only 1 brood made additional inter‐wetland moves. Management actions that create or modify nesting and brood‐rearing habitat should consider connectivity between these sites; females may choose to nest away from wetlands to minimize exposure to predators but may depend on small streams for travel to brood‐rearing wetlands.
Space‐Time Projection Enabled Ultrafast All‐Optical Diffractive Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Feng Fu , Gan Jiaan , Lin Wei , Chen Guangyong , Somekh Michael G , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll‐optical neural networks have advantages in higher throughput, higher speed as well as lower energy consumption compared to electrical neural networks. Optical neural networks have already shown great potential in various applications; however, the operation speed of the network is limited by the 2D detector as most optical neural networks rely on space to space projection. Here, a space to time projection approach to build diffractive deep neural network (D2NN) is proposed, which can project spatial intensity distribution into time‐domain intensity variation, thus bypassing the detection speed limit of 2D imaging device. Based on this scheme, high‐speed all‐optical logic gates are theoretically analyzed and experimentally realized. In this case, the network's operation speed is only limited by the photodetector (PD), which can reach GHz levels. Moreover, the method will show great advantage when it comes to wavelengths where 2D detectors are not achievable easily such as infrared, terahertz or microwaves.
Predicting corrosion for life estimation of ocean and coastal steel infrastructure
Authors: Melchers Rob E. , Jeffrey Robert , Chaves Igor A. , Petersen Robert B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysical infrastructure in coastal and offshore locations often is constructed from mild and low alloy steels. These are prone to marine corrosion even with the application of protective coatings and cathodic protection. Particularly for high‐value assets such as energy facilities (wind farms, oil and gas production and subsea pipelines), the prediction of their safe and economic life is of much interest. Herein, a review is given of the modern development of models for the prediction of long‐term marine corrosion of steel exposed to various marine environments. These include immersion, tidal, splash and atmospheric zones and contact with sands and soils. The effects of temperature and water pollution are especially important, as is the ability of the steels or irons to form protective corrosion products. Comments are made also about other alloys such as copper‐nickels and aluminium. All show that corrosion, including pitting corrosion, develops with increased exposure time in a bimodal manner. The reasons for such behaviour are considered, together with the practical implications, important for containment structures such as pipelines, tanks and floating offshore energy platforms.