bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture and neural differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Lei Zhao , Yongda Lin , Jun Ma , Yingyu Sun , Shaoju Zeng , Xinwen Zhang , Mingxue Zuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several types of mesenchymal cells, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, but can also differentiate into non‐mesenchymal cells, such as neural cells, under appropriate experimental conditions. Until now, many protocols for inducing neuro‐differentiation in MSCs in vitro have been reported. But due to the differences in MSCs' isolation and culture conditions, the results of previous studies lacked consistency and comparability. In this study, we induced differentiation into neural phenotype in the same MSCs population by three different treatments: β‐mercaptoethanol, serum‐free medium and co‐cultivation with fetal mouse brain astrocytes. In all of the three treatments, MSCs could express neural markers such as NeuN or GFAP, associating with remarkable morphological modifications. But these treatments led to neural phenotype in a non‐identical manner. In serum‐free medium, MSCs mainly differentiated into neuron‐like cells, expressing neuronal marker NeuN, and BME can promote this process. Differently, after co‐culturing with astrocytes, MSCs leaned to differentiate into GFAP+ cells. These data confirmed that MSCs can exhibit plastic neuro‐differentiational potential in vitro, depending on the protocols of inducement.
Increased hormone levels in Tetrahymena after long‐lasting starvation
Authors: Csaba G. , Kovács P. , Pállinger Éva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTetrahymena contains vertebrate hormone‐like materials. The level of one of these, insulin increased during starvation in a previous experiment. We hypothesized that other hormones are also influenced by starvation. To prove the hypothesis Tetrahymena pyriformis cultures were (1) starved for 24 h; (2) starved for 24 h and re‐fed for 30 min or (3) starved for 30 min. Amount and localization of vertebrate‐like hormones, produced by Tetrahymena, β‐endorphin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), serotonin, histamine, insulin and triiodothyronine (T3) were studied by immunocytochemical methods using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Long starvation elevated with 50% the hormone levels, while short starvation moderately elevated only the serotonin level in the cells. After short re‐feeding endorphin and histamine returned to the basal level, ACTH and serotonin approached the basal level, however, remained significantly higher, while insulin and T3 stood at the starvation level. The results show that such a stress as long starvation provokes the enhanced production of hormones which likely needed for tolerating the life‐threatening effect of stress.
Retention of ovaries and oxidative stress of surgery
Authors: Kaur G. , Mishra S. , Kaur A. , Sehgal A. , Nageswari K.S. , Prasad R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective: Surgical menopause results in severe menopausal symptoms due to the sudden withdrawal of estrogen. This study evaluated the impact of surgical menopause on oxidant and antioxidant status. Methods: Thirty eight women who underwent total hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy were included. Oxidant status was assessed by measuring plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant status by assessing glutathione (GSH) and estrogen levels. Results: The levels of MDA were increased in all women, and GSH levels were significantly decreased in women who underwent hysterectomy alone but significantly increased in those who also had oophorectomy. Estrogen levels were increased if the ovaries were retained even in postmenopausal women, while they were decreased in the women who underwent oophorectomy. Conclusion: Oxidative stress of surgery, as assessed by increased MDA levels, occurred in all women. After oophorectomy, estrogen levels decreased and GSH levels increased in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The ovaries may therefore respond to oxidative stress of surgery by increasing estrogen production, estrogen being a better antioxidant than GSH.
Pepsin assay: A marker for reflux in pediatric glue ear
Authors: Abd El‐Fattah Ahmed M. , Abdul Maksoud Gamal A. , Ramadan Ahmed S. , Abdalla Ahmed F. , Abdel Aziz Mohamed M. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate if analysis of pepsin/pepsinogen in middle ear effusions can be considered a diagnostic marker for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in children with otitis media with effusion (OME).Material and MethodsAmbulatory 24‐hour dualprobe pH monitoring was carried out on 31 children with OME. Middle ear effusions were collected from 17 children during myringotomy. Total pepsin/pepsinogen concentrations in effusions were measured by ELISA using antipepsin antibody.ResultsDual‐probe pH monitoring showed that 22/31 (71%) of the studied children had significant LPR. The concentrations of pepsin/pepsinogen in middle ear effusions, ranged from 0.085 to 5.02 μg/ml, were found to be up to 4.5 to 231.44 times higher than the serum levels. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of pepsin/pepsinogen assayed in the effusions of the 17 children and the number of pharyngeal reflux episodes measured by pH monitoring.ConclusionsControl of LPR may be an essential component in the successful management of OME in pediatric patients. Pepsin/pepsinogen analysis in effusions of children, using ELISA, can be considered a reliable marker for assessment of reflux in children with OME.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Safe use of selected cephalosporins in penicillin‐allergic patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pichichero Michael E. , Casey Janet R. 
Published: February 2007

BackgroundRecent analysis of clinical data and a clearer understanding of the role of chemical structure in the development of cross‐reactivity indicate that the increased risk of an allergic reaction to a cephalosporin in penicillin‐allergic patients is smaller than previously postulated.MethodMedline and EMBASE databases were searched with the keywords: cephalosporin, penicillin, allergy, and crosssensitivity for the years 1960 through 2005. Among 219 articles retrieved, 9 served as source material for this evidence‐based meta‐analysis.ResultsA significant increase in allergic reactions to cephalothin (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 5.5), cephaloridine (OR = 8.7; CI = 5.9 to 12.8), and cephalexin (OR = 5.8; CI = 3.6 to 9.2), and all first generation cephalosporins plus cefamandole (OR = 4.8; CI = 3.7 to 6.2) were observed in penicillin allergic patients; no increase was observed with second generation cephalosporins (OR = 1.1; CI, 0.6 to 2.1) or third generation cephalosporins (OR = 0.5; CI = 0.2 to 1.1). Clinical challenges, skin testing, and monoclonal antibody studies point to the paramount importance of similarities in side chain structure to predict cross‐allergy between cephalosporins and penicillins.ConclusionFirst‐generation cephalosporins have cross‐allergy with penicillins, but cross‐allergy is negligible with second‐and third‐generation cephalosporins. Particular emphasis should be placed on the role of chemical structure in determining the risk of cross‐reactivity between specific agents.2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Hearing loss diagnosis followed by meningitis in Danish children, 1995–2004
Authors: Parner Erik T. , Reefhuis Jennita , Schendel Diana , Thomsen Janus L. , Ovesen Therese , Thorsen Poul 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveA higher risk of meningitis associated with cochlear implants may be explained in part by a generally higher risk of meningitis in children with severe to profound hearing loss. We investigated whether children with hearing loss have an increased risk of meningitis.Study Design and SettingA historical cohort study of all children born in Denmark between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2004, was conducted. The cohort was selected through the Danish Medical Birth Registry, and information on hearing loss and meningitis was obtained from the National Hospital Registry.ResultsWe identified 39 children with both hearing loss and meningitis. Of these children, five were diagnosed first with hearing loss and later with meningitis. The relative risk of meningitis in the group of children with a hearing loss diagnosis, as compared with the non‐hearing loss group, was 5.0 (95% CI, 2.0 to 12.0).ConclusionsThe study provides evidence for an association between hearing loss and the development of meningitis. Parents and health care providers of children with hearing loss should be more alert for possible signs and symptoms of meningitis, and vaccination should be considered.
Microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty: A preliminary report
Authors: Metson Ralph , Pletcher Steven D. , Poe Dennis S. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty for treatment of patients with eustachian tube dysfunction.Study DesignA prospective study of 20 patients with eustachian tube dysfunction who underwent microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty (mETP) was performed at an academic medical center. Surgery involved use of a microdebrider to remove hypertrophied mucosa from the posterior eustachian tube cushion. All patients had concurrent sinonasal disease and underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at the time of mETP.ResultsThere were no surgical complications. Following mETP, subjective symptoms of ear blockage improved in 14 of 20 patients (70%). Mean pure tone average improved by 6 dB (27 dB pre‐op vs 21 dB post‐op; P = 0.013). Abnormal tympanogram improved in 11 of 17 patients (65%). Failure of the procedure correlated with severity of mucosal disease as measured by both elevated tissue eosinophil count and advanced sinus CT stage (P = 0.018 and P = 0.014, respectively). Mean follow‐up was 13 months (range 3‐34 months).ConclusionMicrodebrider eustachian tuboplasty appears to be a safe procedure for the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction.
Medialization thyroplasty for cancer‐related unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Lam Paul K. Y. , Ho W. K. , Ng Manwa L. , Wei William I. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveTo justify the application of medialization thyroplasty in Chinese patients with symptomatic cancer‐related unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Study Design and SettingRetrospective chart review from February 2000 to March 2006.ResultsEighty‐seven Chinese patients undergoing medialization thyroplasty for UVFP were included; there were no significant differences between the cancer‐related and benign groups in terms of the speech and swallowing rehabilitation outcome and the perioperative complication rate (P > 0.05). The median survival time of cancer‐related UVFP patients from the date of medialization to death was 129 days. Age more than 65 years was identified as the only factor for a shorter survival period after medialization (P = 0.040).ConclusionMedialization thyroplasty restores satisfactory speech and swallowing and has a low perioperative complication rate in Chinese patients with cancer‐related UVFP. Postmedialization survival period was also reasonable.SignificanceMedialization thyroplasty is a justifiable treatment option for cancer‐related UVFP.
The use of porous polyethylene implants to correct nasal valve collapse
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jeevan B. , Danner Christopher J. , Yee Suzanne W. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term outcome of correction of nasal valve collapse with a porous polyethylene implant.Study Design and SettingRetrospective review from November 1999 to December 2005. Nasal valve collapse was corrected with a porous polyethylene implant in 12 adults. Main outcome measures included relief of nasal obstruction and complications. Independent variables included other causes of nasal obstruction and need for revision surgery. Simple statistical analysis was performed.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 5.6 years (58 months). 75% had complete resolution of nasal obstruction. 100% had complete resolution of nasal obstruction at 6 months and had coexisting causes of nasal obstruction. The implant extrusion rate was 21%. 42% went on to have revision surgery.ConclusionCorrection of nasal valve collapse with a porous polyethylene implant provided good long‐term symptomatic relief of nasal obstruction, but with significant incidence of infection, implant extrusion, and need for revision surgery. The use of this implant should be reserved for cases in which autogenous graft material is not available.
Results of ansa to recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation
Authors: Lee Walter T. , Milstein Claudio , Hicks Douglas , Akst Lee M. , Esclamado Ramon M. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectiveWe sought to describe the results of ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve (ansa‐RLN) reinnervation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.Study DesignA chart review was performed on patients undergoing ansa‐RLN reinnervation for unilateral vocal cord paralysis at a tertiary care center. Patient perceptions of preoperative and postoperative voice quality was surveyed. Acoustic and visual parameters were assessed from videostroboscopy.ResultsFrom a total of 25 study patients, 15 patients underwent both preoperative and postoperativ video stroboscopies. In stroboscopies within 6 months, the average improvement in overall severity, roughness, and breathiness was 69, 79, and 100 percent, respectively. In stroboscopies after 6 months, the average improvement in overall severity, roughness, and breathiness was 63, 66, and 100 percent, respectively. Postoperatively, all patients had reinnervation of the vocal fold.ConclusionsVoice outcomes were improved in patients with preoperative and postoperative stroboscopies.SignificanceAnsa‐RLN reinnervation should be considered as a treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Introduction of visually oriented information handouts in an academic pediatric otolaryngology practice
Authors: Ko Alvin B. , Simons Jeffrey P. , Mandell David L. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectivesTo characterize after‐hours postoperative care‐giver telephone calls received by on‐call otolaryngology residents and to determine the feasibility of using visually oriented handouts to affect postoperative telephone call volume.Study Design and SettingWe conducted a prospective, before‐after feasibility study at a tertiary‐care children's hospital. Visually oriented handouts describing expected postoperative courses were distributed preoperatively to the parents of all adenotonsillectomy and tympanostomy tube patients. Postoperative care‐giver telephone call volume and content were recorded before and after handout introduction.ResultsThe handouts were well accepted and viewed favorably by caregivers, and they led to some changes in the nature of postoperative telephone call content, but call log compliance was not adequate to fully assess the impact on call volume and content.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of implementing visually oriented informational handouts and characterized the nature of postoperative caregiver telephone calls received by on‐call residents in an academic pediatric otolaryngology practice.SignificanceVisually oriented instructional handouts may have benefits that deserve further study. Data from this study can help plan a definitive clinical trial.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Anatomical variation of the nasal septum: Analysis of 57 cadaver specimens
Authors: Miles Brett A. , Petrisor Daniel , Kao Herman , Finn Richard A. , Throckmorton Gaylord S. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the anatomical variation of the osseous and cartilaginous components of the nasal septum.Study DesignFifty‐seven cadaver specimens were digitally scanned and analyzed utilizing Bersoft Image software. Anatomical data were statistically analyzed utilizing SPSS 13.0. Evaluation of the area of the osseous/cartilaginous nasal septum as well as an estimation of the available cartilage for grafting was performed.ResultsSeptal specimens revealed males had greater variation in cartilaginous area compared to female specimens. The intranasal/extranasal cartilage contributes about 45%/55% of the total cartilage, respectively. The data indicate that the mean area of cartilage available for grafting is around 420 mm2.ConclusionsSignificant variability in the cartilaginous elements of the nose is the rule rather than the exception. Key differences exist in the anatomic location of the graft material between males and females. This has important surgical implications given the critical attention required during graft harvesting in order to maintain support of the nose.
Examination of aerodynamic measures and strain by vibratory source
Authors: Weinrich Barbara , Baker Susan , Kelchner Lisa , Middendorf Janet , Krival Kate , Elluru Ravindhra , Zur Karen B. 
Published: February 2007

ObjectivesPatients with laryngotracheal stenosis often require airway reconstruction. Following surgical intervention, voicing may be produced with either a glottic or supraglottic vibratory source. The objective of this study was to compare average airflow, estimated subglottal pressure, and expert perceptual rating of strain between children with glottic and supraglottic vibratory sources post‐airway reconstruction.Study DesignThis study was a non‐randomized prospective study conducted at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Center for Pediatric Voice Disorders, and included 12 participants with a diagnosis of subglottic stenosis, post‐laryngotracheal reconstruction.ResultsExpert perceptual ratings of strain were significantly higher for participants with supraglottic versus glottic voicing (P = 0.0001). Although the mean airflow measure was higher for participants with glottic phonation and mean pressure measure was higher for those with supraglottic voicing, these comparisons failed to reach significance.ConclusionsPatients who exhibit supraglottic phonation patterns demonstrate greater strain during speech, as well as potential alterations to aerodynamic patterns.SignificanceThe significant differences in perceived strain by vibratory source are noteworthy, as perceptual quality is always a patient's motivation to seek treatment.
Value of head and neck cancer incidence data on UK cancer registry websites: a comparison
Authors: Khan A M , Tomkinson A 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the relative usefulness of data on head and neck cancer available on the websites of cancer registries in the United Kingdom. Data were analysed to determine the accuracy and completeness of essential information related to the incidence of head and neck cancer.We found that 16 per cent (2/11) of the registries had some cancer data but none relating to head and neck cancer patients. Seventy-five per cent (9/12) of the registries had selected data on head and neck cancer, but 33 per cent (3/9) of these pooled the various head and neck cancers into a single group. The remainder of registries offering data [66 per cent (6/9)] had a variety of ways of grouping and presenting the various types of head and neck cancer. The overall value and usefulness of head and neck cancer information on these websites were limited, especially when all the sites were considered together.The cancer registries collectively possess an extremely important asset of immense value to both the medical profession and, possibly, patients with cancer. The accessibility of this data and the overall experience of those seeking information on this subject could be improved. However, this would require significant thought, collaboration and agreement between each registry, which would involve significant extra investment.
An approach to the management of paroxysmal laryngospasm
Authors: Obholzer R J , Nouraei S A R , Ahmed J , Kadhim M R , Sandhu G S 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:To review the presentation, risk factors and management of paroxysmal laryngospasm.Study design:Retrospective review of cases.Setting:A teaching hospital otolaryngology department with a subspecialty interest in airway disorders.Patients:All patients diagnosed with laryngospasm over a two-year period were reviewed. Information was obtained about disease presentation, risk factors, management and symptom resolution.Results:Laryngospasm was diagnosed in nine women and six men. The average age at presentation was 56±6.5 years, and there was an 80 per cent association with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Proton pump inhibitors led to complete symptom resolution in six patients and to partial symptomatic relief, requiring no further treatment, in a further four patients. Of the remaining five patients unresponsive to proton pump inhibitor therapy, two continued to experience syncopal episodes due to laryngospasm. Both these patients achieved complete remission after laryngeal botulinum toxin injection. Symptoms recurred after three to four months and were successfully treated with a repeat injection.Conclusions:The primary risk factor for spontaneous laryngospasm is laryngopharyngeal reflux. Symptoms are distressing and may be relieved in most cases by treatment aimed at suppressing gastric acid secretion. Laryngeal botulinum toxin injection appears to be a viable treatment modality in selected patients with refractory symptoms.
Laser inferior turbinectomy under local anaesthetic: a well tolerated out-patient procedure
Authors: Maskell S , Eze N , Patel P , Hosni A 
Published: February 2007

The suitability of performing laser inferior turbinectomy under local anaesthesia in an out-patient setting was assessed, regarding its effectiveness and patients' toleration of the procedure. Prospective data collection was undertaken from 129 patients undergoing laser inferior turbinectomy over four years. Patients were assessed, pre-operatively, operatively and at two weeks and three months post-operatively, for pain, complications and symptoms, using the sino-nasal assessment questionnaire.All patients had hypertrophied inferior turbinates. Ninety-eight patients complained of nasal obstruction and 67 had the procedure as part of treatment for snoring. One hundred and twenty-one of the patients had treatment to both inferior turbinates. There were no cases of intra-operative haemorrhage. The average pre-operative sino-nasal assessment questionnaire score was 18.22, which improved to 10.68 at the three month post-operative assessment (p<0.001). Five patients had significant intra-operative pain.This study shows that laser inferior turbinectomy under local anaesthesia is well tolerated and that good results can be achieved when performing the procedure in the out-patient department.
Titanium prosthesis with malleus notch: a study of its ‘user-friendliness’
Authors: Yung M 
Published: February 2007

‘User-friendliness’ is an important factor in the choice of ossicular prosthesis. The current titanium prostheses have a flat, open head plate and are designed to sit under the tympanic membrane. Previously, the author had designed titanium prostheses with a malleus notch extension at the head plate. The present study aimed to assess whether these customised prostheses were user-friendly, compared with conventional prostheses.Fourteen surgeons were recruited to examine the user-friendliness of several ossicular prostheses. They performed ossiculoplasties on temporal bones and rated the user-friendliness of the malleus notch prosthesis against that of some of the more popular conventional ossicular prostheses.For malleus-stapes assembly, eight out of 13 surgeons preferred the malleus notch prosthesis to the Düsseldorf and Goldenberg designs. For malleus-footplate assembly, six out of 10 surgeons preferred the malleus notch prosthesis to the Düsseldorf and Richards designs. Most of the surgeons stated that the reconstruction was more stable using the malleus notch prosthesis.