bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Stream of Thought, the Lifespace, Selective Inattention, and War
Authors: White Ralph K. 
Published: March 2007

The analogy of a moving flashlight enables us to integrate three concepts that are basic but not ordinarily seen as related to each other: William James's "stream of thought," Kurt Lewin's "lifespace," and Harry Stack Sullivan's "selective inattention." Lewin's lifespace, conceived as the psychological field at a given moment, resembles the field of objects lit up by a moving flashlight at a given moment; it has a bright center consisting of what is at the focus of attention and a fainter periphery or penumbra consisting of what is in the field but with little or no salience. James's stream of thought resembles the continual changing of this field as attention shifts and new objects of thought pass through the periphery into the center or vice versa. Sullivan's selective inattention is motivated resistance to the change from periphery to center. War becomes more likely when there is selective inattention to the following: * the enormity of the nuclear danger and possible ideas about how to prevent it (Lifton's "psychic numbing"); * the enormous deficit, caused partly by spending on nuclear weapons; * the human side of an enemy; realistic empathy with an enemy's fear of the self or anger at the self; and * incipient guilt feelings, such as Soviet qualms about Afghanistan or American qualms about Nicaragua.
Psychospiritual Dimensions of Extraordinary Survival
Authors: Roud Paul Charles 
Published: March 2007

Nine individuals who survived their medically confirmed diagnoses of "terminal cancer" were interviewed. These people offered personal theories to account for the extraordinary results and discussed the nature of their life changes following the terminal prognoses. The similarity of responses was compelling. Survivors assumed responsibility for contracting cancer, disease outcome, and the quality of their lives. They believed that their attitudes and actions significantly influenced their illnesses. Survivors were leading fuller, freer, more meaningful lives following cancer onset. Fear and worry were greatly reduced, or even eliminated according to some. The author suggests that these profound changes may be related to their encounters with impending death. They reported an intense desire to stay alive. Life was viewed as a gift, far too precious to abandon prematurely. Survivors indicated that they cannot offer prescriptive healing formulas. They believe that seriously ill patients must discover for themselves what will be life-giving. Men pray to their Gods for their health. They do not realize that they have the power to control it themselves. -Democritus, fifth century, B.C. It's not over until it's over. -Yogi Berra, 1973 manager of the pennant-winning New York Mets
"We Suffered Too"
Authors: Bar-On Dan (Bruno) , Gaon Amalia 
Published: March 2007

Genuine and explicit empathy for the victims of one's predecessors' wrongdoings could be a psychological mechanism for preventing future similar atrocities. However, such empathy requires a lot of personal and societal working through that did not take place in Germany during the first 40 years after WWII. "We suffered too" was a major moral argument and normalization strategy found among descendants of Nazis in West Germany. This strategy kept them from relating to the outcomes of their parents' direct or indirect involvement in the Holocaust. In the present study, 31 interviews were content analyzed: 15 children of "perpetrators," 7 children of "witnesses," of the Holocaust, and 9 "children of war," whose parents were not involved in Nazi atrocities. In the search for verbal expressions of empathy for the victims of Nazism, the direct narration of events was analyzed according to three factors: Distinctiveness of the description (remote, proximal, and specific), the Target of the events ("done to us," "done to them") and Distance from the describer ("myself," "our family," "community," and "nation"). On the average, only 45% of the descriptions were direct, and out of these the vast majority were remote, relating to events that had happened to the interviewees and their families. Only in the very few specific and proximate descriptions did subjects relate also to the events that were inflicted by the Nazis on their victims. This was found significantly more among children of witnesses of the Holocaust, when compared to both children of war and children of perpetrators. Although lack of verbal expression of empathy, one generation after victimization, does not necessarily imply emotional indifference, we argue that the inability to empathize with the suffering of others may reinforce those people in today's society who promote discrimination and persecution of minorities. "As a child, one tends to see the parents in a positive light. It is the drive for self-preservation. And then to find out that this person had some really terrible convictions, expressed some terrible views, and held onto them... how can one grasp it? How can you take him for a father?" -One of the interviewees
Job Segregation, Industrialisation and the Non-Discrimination Principle
Authors: Thornton Margaret 
Published: March 2007

While the long-term prospects for industrial growth in Australia promise improved employment opportunities for skilled male workers, despite the present cyclical downturn, the prognosis for women is gloomy. The majority of women workers are confined to female-dominated occupations, such as clerical work and sales. However, it is in these very areas that employment prospects have diminished as a result of technological change, as may be seen by the computerisation of office work, for example. Australia's industrial future is intimately tied up with mining, construction and power generation, industries in which female participation is almost negligible. This reflects the societal bias against women working in what are perceived to be 'men's jobs'. This societal bias has been entrenched in International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions and legislation which has resulted in restrictions on female labour relating to categories of employment, such as underground mining. While a certain ambivalence may be discerned in the motivations prompting the implementation of 'protective' measures, their retention is undoubtedly questionable in the light of the passage of anti-discrimination legislation. Therefore, new standards need to be devised to safeguard the health of all workers without disadvantaging one sector of the workforce.
Discriminatory Labeling and the Five-Finger Discount
Authors: Cohen Lawrence E. , Stark Rodney 
Published: March 2007

In developing the argument that deviance is primarily created, labeling theorists borrow heavily from conflict theory to account for who is most apt to be labeled and why. The present study contrasts a labeling-conflict model with a behavioral one, regard ing the decision to prosecute or to release apprehended shop lifters. The authors apply tabular and regression analysis to a total sample of 371 shoplifters apprehended in 1969 at a large metro politan department store located in California. They find that the data largely contradict the labeling and conflict notion that "deviance is in the eye of the beholder." Rather, the decision to release or prosecute the offender is largely related to what he does instead of who he is or how he is perceived. Thus, the data indicate that shoplifters tend to earn their own fate on the basis of their own shoplifting behavior. Specifically, the shoplifter's age, sex, and race are found to be unrelated to his subsequent release or prosecution. Social class is also found to be insignificantly related to shoplifting disposi tions, except for the high rate of prosecution of the unemployed. On the other hand, the value of the merchandise stolen is found to exert a strong independent influence upon the release or prosecution of apprehended shoplifters and thus offers support for the behavioral model.
Comparison of Two Summary/Text-Integration Writing Tasks Requiring Different Inferential Processes
Authors: Yamada Kyoko 
Published: March 2007

Though experienced English academic writers are capable of writing with multiple sources, novice EFL/ESL writers have a difficult time with it. The present study investigates whether Japanese intermediate EFL writers would be able to summarize and integrate source texts without being heavily dependent on them if they are encouraged to use inferential thought processes. Students engaged in two summary writing tasks, each task requiring integration of two media sources on the same topic. One task involved more inferential process than the other. The results show that task requiring greater degree of inference helped writers generate information which are more independent of the source texts.
Intégration sociale, déchristianisation et pastorale
Authors: Birou Alain 
Published: March 2007

A well-integrated society is a value, but not the final value of existence. There may be, from the Christian and human points of view, bad integra tions. It is therefore necessary to emphasize the dangers of technical civilization when it becomes man's highest value. This technical myth leads to materia lism for human relations which crystallize here into social structures are more and more dependent on material finalities. The man who is perfectly integra ted into this new universe is the one who is perfectly conditioned by technology. The « dechristianizing » force of this bad integration, which does away with the problem of God, cannot be underestimated. Is the pastoral reply within the aspiration toward a Christian society isolated from contemporary socie ty ? Or in a transformation of the technical society under evangelic ferment ? More emphasis must be given to the training of the Christian to be in the work without being of the world.
Champ religieux et champ politique dans la société singhalaise
Authors: Houtart François 
Published: March 2007

The article summarizes a study presented by the author as a doctoral thesis at the Catholic University of Louvain. The approach adopted consists in establishing a theoretical and conceptual framework which would take into account corres ponding relationships among the different systems of the society, at the origin of which is the mode of economic production. The origin of changes and tensions among systems in their fundamental aspects is to be found in chanqes in the mode of production. It is this which leads us to establish three models of society : agrarian, transitional, industrial. The heuristic framework established serves as a hypothesis of work for approaching the empirical reality. Key periods in Sinhalese society were studied and chosen in terms of significant changes such as the adoption of Buddhism, the two colonisations (Portuguese and English) and independence. The main conclusions of the study of these different periods is given in the article. The introduction of Buddhism a little after the establishment of the first Kingdom would correspond to the dysfunctional character of Brahminism in the new type of society demanded by the new orqanization of production. The study of Kandyan feudality in the XVIIIth century provides a parameter for the analysis of the effects of two types of colonisation Kandyan feudality further offers a typical case of a unique structure with almost completely corresponding expressions in the mode of production, the social system. the political organization and the religious system. The difference between the two colonisations consists in the fact that the Portuguese expressed their ideology in religious terms and iustified their conquest on religious grounds
Westernization or Modernization : the Case of the Sinhalese Buddhism
Authors: Ames Michael M. 
Published: March 2007

La thèse émise par l'auteur est qu'il n'y a pas de coinci dence entre occidentalisation et modernisation. Dans la rela tion entre l'Occident et les sociétés traditionnelles de l'Asie, deux aspects méritent d'être distingués; d'une part les insti tutions, attitudes, idéaux et pratiques liés fonctionnellement avec le développement technologique et. d'autre part, les élé ments qui ne sont qu'accidentellement liés à ces facteurs. Les premiers sont appelés la modernisation et les seconds l'occi dentalisation : il s'agit de pratiques et d'institutions unies symboliquement avec la modernisation, mais qui n'en font point partie intégrale. On commet une confusion en identifiant les deux. Car, en fait, dans la société ceylanaise actuelle, il y a occidentalisation sans modernisation. Cette thèse est vérifiée dans l'histoire récente de la société singhalaise bouddhiste. C'est d'abord un bref rappel des chan gements politiques et économiques, puis l'histoire de l'occiden talisation par le biais du système scolaire. Le contenu de cette éducation de langue anglaise, pratiquement monopolisée par les Eglises chrétienncs. est un des facteurs-clés de l'occiden talisation sans modernisation. La réaction bouddhiste est pro gressive, mais elle se heurte aux classes occidentalisées — et en grande partie chrétiennes — qui sont les groupes internes dominants et plus tard, avec l'indépendance, ceux qui mono polisent le pouvoir. C'est le début du " Buddhist Revival", initiative du laicat bouddhiste. Ce prélude mènera à la victoire électorale de Mme Bandaranaike en 1956.
New Statistical Data Concerning the Monks of Mount Athos
Authors: Mantzaridis George 
Published: March 2007

Dans cet article, l'Auteur présente les données statistiques les plus récentes qu'il a rassemblé sur le monachisme du Mont Athos. D'après ces données, la décadence qui affectait le Mont Athos depuis de nombreuses années est en train de se résorber. Le célèbre lieu spirituel de l'Orthodoxie grecque connaît depuis quelques années un nouveau développement prometteur tant du point de vue du nombre des moines que de celui de leur âge et de leur niveau d'instruction.
Part II: Capillary Size Distribution
Authors: Steele Richard 
Published: March 2007

The water holding capacity of a fabric is important in determining its pick-up of treating solutions, the amount of water which must be removed in drying it, and other aspects of its functional behavior. This capacity can be considered to be made up of the volume of a bundle of continuous capillaries of various radii, the volume of a noncon tinuous capillary system, and the sorption capacity of the fibers themselves. A vertically suspended wet fabric develops a water concentration gradient from top to bottom which can be used to calculate the pore size distribution of the bundle of continu ous capillaries. The water gradient is given empirically by where Wh is the water content at height h, a is the water held within the fibers and in noncontinuous capillaries, b is the maximum capacity of the continuous capillaries, and k is a constant which depends on the fabric. The number of capillaries of a given radius r is given by where ρ 2 is fabric density in g./cm.2, v is the surface tension of water in dynes/cm. and θ its contact angle with the fiber, ρ1 is the density of water, and g is the gravitational constant. This is approximately a log normal distribution. For cotton printcloth, wool flannel, and nylon challis, the maxima in the radius fre quency distributions were found to be 11.1, 19.3, and 9.3 microns respectively.
The Reactivity of Cellulose1
Authors: Urquhart A.R. 
Published: March 2007

The chemical finishing of cotton involves applying to it materials that either react with the cellulose or with one another after they have been adsorbed by the cellulose. For finislies of the first kind it is obviously important to have the cellulose in a reactive condition, but it is no less important for the second kind also, since reactivity and ac cessibility are in general closely correlated. This paper discusses the reasons underlying the great differences of reactivity that can be encountered among samples of cellulose that appear to be identical chemically and differ only in physical form or structure. Moisture absorption studies exemplify these differences and build a theory that goes far to explain them in terms of variability of the availability of the reacting groups in the cellulose molecule. Thus purified cotton is in general in a state of low reactivity and regenerated cellulose in one of high reactivity, while mercerized cotton occupies an intermediate position. This picture is for most reactions satisfactory, but in some it is completely revèrsed, with ordinary cotton having a high reactivity and regenerated cellulose a low, mercerized cotton being again inter mediate. The cause of this is discussed in the light of more recent work.
A Study of Blended Woolen Structures
Authors: Coplan Myron J. 
Published: March 2007

For statistical evaluation of blend variation along the length of strands, it is necessary, to be able to determine the composition of a large number of small specimens. Micro scopic techniques are useful, but tedious. The present report describes two other methods which have been developed: densi tometric and microanalytical spectrophotometric evaluation.
Fear, Technology, and the State
Authors: McCORMICK JOHN P. 
Published: March 2007

It is striking that one of the most consequential representatives of [the] abstract scientific orientation of the seventeenth century [Thomas Hobbes] became so personalistic. This is because as a juristic thinker he wanted to grasp the reality of societal life just as much as he, as a philosopher and a natural scientist, wanted to grasp the reality of nature.... [J]uristic thought in those days had not yet become so overpowered by the natural sciences that he, in the intensity of his scientific approach, should unsuspectingly have overlooked the specific reality of legal life. Carl Schmitt, Political Theology (1922) In the light of Hobbes's natural science, man and his works become a mere phantasmagoria. Through Hobbes's natural science, “the native hue” of his political science “is sicklied o'er with the pale cast” of something which is reminiscent of death but utterly lacks the majesty of death—of something which foreshadows the positivism of our day. It seems then that if we want to do justice to the life which vibrates in Hobbes's political teaching, we must understand that teaching by itself, and not in the light of his natural science. Can this be done?² Leo Strauss, “On the Basis of Hobbes's Political Philosophy” (1959)
Industrial Modernization by Workers' Participation
Authors: Kissler Leo 
Published: March 2007

The European car industry is in a crisis. The saturation of traditional markets, the need for product innovation and the Japanese challenge have put this industry, more than almost any other, under pressure to modernize. This modernization has a systemic character. It creates new forms of division of labour between producers and suppliers and removes the Tayloristic-Fordist production concept in the firms without any certainty as to what will take its place. This increased uncertainty creates a boom for personnel management, resulting from a new evaluation of labour capacity, from a production factor to a human and investment factor. New forms of workers' participation are being invested in what are the consequences? Quality circles are used as an example of the possible consequences of successful participation in the field of intra-company labour relations. In this context it is worth taking a look across the border. French management discourse is more pronounced and French sociological research more productive than in Germany. What can we learn from the French experience with participative management? Are there signs of an adaptation, perhaps a European road of development in the field of intra-company labour relations parallel to the internationalization and adaptation tendencies in industrial production? Our research shows which possible development perspectives participative management contains in the field of intra-company labour relations. Nation-specific and system-overlapping aspects are presented for that purpose.
Organizational Context of Program Evaluation in Community Mental Health Centers
Authors: Majchrzak Ann 
Published: March 2007

In an attempt to understand the role that program evaluation plays in a community mental health center (CMHC), a conceptual framework of the organizational context in which CMHC self-evaluation efforts occur is presented. The conceptual framework consists of three major propositions. (I) Five dimensions of a CMHC are proposed to have significant effects on the center's evaluation process: research capabilitY, administrative support for evaluation, organizational structure, readiness for innovation, and the environmental context of the center. (2) The evaluation process is perceived to consist of three tYpes of evaluation activities corresponding to the input, process, and output elements of the center. (3) The five organizational parameters are proposed to differentially affect the individual components of the evaluation process. Stemming from the proposed conceptual framework, a theoretical model of the effects of organizational parameters on the evaluation process was tested on a purposive sample of CMHCs. The results were generally supportive of the model, indicating that the role of evaluation in CMHCs is not a simple or singular phenomenon. Specific conclusions and implications for policy and research arenas are discussed.
Angry arguments across the picket lines: Left Labour councils and white collar trade unionism
Authors: Weinstein Jeremy 
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the experience of those Labour authorities who emerged from the 1982 local elections, saw themselves as part of the 'new urban left' and so committed to constructing 'local socialism'. It seeks to explain how those councillors then became locked into a series of unantici pated but actually inevitable bitter industrial disputes with their workers organised in NALGO. It traces some of the recent developments both within the left of the Labour Party and white collar trade unionism which led to those conflicts. These wider ideas are then tested out by events in the London Borough of Southwark, specifically 1) the residential social workers' action and 2) the campaign against rate capping. The paper draws on interviews with NALGO shop stewards in South wark and concludes that the traditional positions of these trade unionists, although characterised as defensive, negative and obstructive by some Labour councillors, have actually stood the test of time rather better than the more ambitious hopes of their socialist employers .
Procurement: Academia's Stepchild
Authors: Burt David N. 
Published: March 2007

There has been a continuing debate among procurement, marketing, and management educators as to the proper "intellectual home "for procurement. In the following two articles, two leading procurement educators address this issue and offer their opinions and observations. We hope that these articles will help acquaint many of you with the tremendous changes and challenges in the field of procurement and stimulate your support for increasing emphasis on this rapidly evolving discipline.