bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the sensorial quality and aroma through an electronic nose in peaches during cold storage
Authors: Infante Rodrigo , Farcuh Macarena , Meneses Claudio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The poor eating quality of fresh peaches transported to far markets is one of the main problems that fresh‐fruit exporting countries have to face. This research is focused on the evaluation of the sensorial quality, with emphasis on aroma, of four peach cultivars kept in long‐term storage, through maturity parameters, sensorial attributes and electronic nose (e‐nose) assessments. Fruits were stored at 0 °C and 90% elative humidity, for 14, 28 and 42 days. Evaluations were carried out after the fruit was taken out of cold storage and after a variable period of ripening at 21 °C, until flesh firmness reached 1–2 kgf.RESULTS: On fruit recently harvested, the e‐nose was suitable for discriminating among cultivars, even if it corresponded to an early pre‐climacteric phase. As cold storage proceeded, liking degree, and specially aroma, declined for each cultivar tested. Cultivars showed different behavior patterns for liking degree and especially aroma during cold storage. Flavor showed significant correlation with sweetness (r = 0.92), juiciness (r = 0.92) and texture (r = 0.93), but not with aroma and acidity, being these last ones being independent from each other.CONCLUSION: Post‐harvest storage life of peaches is limited by loss of quality. ‘Tardibelle’ peaches showed the highest quality attribute scores after 42 days of cold storage. This evidences the availability of commercial peach cultivars which are able to withstand long‐term storage periods, allowing far markets to be reached with high quality standards. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationships of rapeseed strength properties to seed size, colour and coat fibre composition
Authors: Tańska Małgorzata , Konopka Iwona , Rotkiewicz Daniela 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The size and strength of rapeseeds are factors likely to determine their suitability for storage and processing. The mechanical properties of whole seeds depend mainly on their coat composition. This study investigates variations in seed strength and colour between different‐sized rapeseeds. The paper also presents an explanation of the differences in seed mechanical properties through analyses of coat fibre composition.RESULTS: The strength properties of seeds were dependent on seed size and correlated with seed equivalent diameter. All measured strength indices showed that seeds of diameter above 2 mm were the most resistant. The mechanical properties of seeds were also correlated with the colour of seed surface, indicating that the most resistant seeds were those with values of H > 60°, S < 15% and I < 19% in the HSI colour space. The resistance of individual seeds was attributed to the surface density of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, especially cellulose and lignin.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the highest mechanical resistance shown by the largest and blackest rapeseeds can be associated with the high surface density of fibre components in the seed coat. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
An examination of the efficacy of the 8 cm maximal tumor diameter cutoff for the subdivision of AJCC stage II osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Kim Min Suk , Lee Soo‐Yong , Cho Wan Hyeong , Song Won Seok , Koh Jae‐Soo , Lee Jun Ah , Yoo Ji Young , Shin Duk Seop , Jeon Dae‐Geun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn the revised AJCC staging system a maximal tumor diameter of 8 cm was adopted as a cutoff for the subdivision of IIA and IIB osteosarcoma, but this cutoff was chosen based on limited information.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 347 patients with stage II osteosarcoma that were treated at our institute. We plotted a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of maximal tumor diameter for the prediction of subsequent metastasis, and calculated diagnostic indices according for different cutoffs.ResultsA maximal tumor diameter greater than 8 cm was found to predict subsequent metastasis with a sensitivity of 76.3%, a specificity of 49.5%, and a positive predictive value of 49.0% Almost half of stage IIB patients subsequently developed metastasis, whereas only a quarter of stage IIA patients did so. Tumor size had no prognostic relevance for proximal humeral tumors.ConclusionsThe present study shows that an 8 cm maximal tumor diameter cutoff is useful for subdividing AJCC stage II osteosarcoma patients in terms of predicting of a subsequent metastatic event. Our results suggest that the IIA and IIB subdivision in the AJCC staging system provides a basis for risk‐adapted therapy when used in combination with other prognostic factors. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanostructure Evolution in Poly(propylene) During Mechanical Testing
Authors: Stribeck Norbert , Nöchel Ulrich , Funari Sérgio S. , Schubert Tom , Timmann Andreas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSlow continuous mechanical tests of oriented poly(propylene) (PP) are monitored by combined two‐dimensional (2D) ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Patterns are transformed to the 3D chord distribution (CDF), a real‐space representation of nanostructure. From the CDF, topological parameters of the semicrystalline domain structure are extracted and discussed. A continuous‐strain test shows fracture and release of weak lamellae (2–10% strain). Beyond that we see conversion of lamellae into needles. As all layers are consumed the material breaks. Fatigue is studied in load‐reversal (between 10 and 35% strain). We report cyclic (damped) crystallization, layer break, and relaxation melting.magnified image
D‐instantons and effective couplings in intersecting D‐brane models
Authors: Akerblom N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article is basically a rendition of the author's PhD thesis. We are concerned with two aspects of intersecting D6‐brane models: We treat some of the effects that are induced by E2‐instantons and we consider one‐loop corrections to the gauge kinetic functions in the low‐energy effective field theory. Owing to the genesis of this article, we begin in Sect. 1 with a general introduction covering the question why to consider string theory as a candidate theory of nature. After that, in Sect. 2, we go over some topics related to field theory instantons and finally discuss the instanton generated superpotential in supersymmetric QCD (SQCD), the so‐called Affleck–Dine–Seiberg (ADS) superpotential. In Sect. 3 we then proceed to reproduce the ADS superpotential in an intersecting D6‐brane realization of SQCD as the effect of a single E2‐instanton. In order to do so, we first explicate the necessary formalism for calculating the E2‐instanton contribution to the superpotential, then construct a (local) intersecting D6‐brane realization of SQCD, and finally show that the formalism indeed leads to the Affleck–Dine–Seiberg superpotential. In Sect. 4 we consider one‐loop corrections to the gauge kinetic functions. These one‐loop corrections are related quite intricately to gauge threshold corrections which we compute for intersecting D6‐brane models on the ℤ2× ℤ2toroidal orbifold. An analysis of the formulas for calculating the E2‐instanton contribution to the superpotential raises the question whether this contribution is a holomorphic quantity. In Sect. 5 we take up this question showing that it is indeed holomorphic. In addition, we discuss under which circumstances one can expect E2‐instanton corrections to the gauge kinetic functions.
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 205/8
Authors: Ghafari Mohammad 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA conference series on magnetism has been organized in Germany under the auspices of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The first meeting of this series (SCM2001) was held in September 2001. The Third Seeheim Conference on Magnetism (SCM2007) took place from 26 to 30 August 2007. The aim of the conference was to bring together scientists working in the field. SCM2007 was focused on the magnetism of nanostructured materials, interfaces, multilayers and nanoparticles. The most recent results were presented in the form of plenary lectures, invited and contributed talks and posters. A total number of 230 papers correlating nanostructures and magnetic properties were selected for presentation. Throughout the meeting 75 talks were given; the remaining 155 papers were scheduled for poster presentation.The topical areas were:1. Hard and soft magnetic materials– Permanent magnets and ferrites– Amorphous alloys– Nanocrystalline materials– Domain walls, modeling and hysteresis2. Magnetic memories– MRAM– TMR, GMR– CPP‐GMR3. Domain walls, modelling and hysteresis4. Spin dependent transport properties– Magneto‐resistance– Magneto‐impedance– Giant magneto‐resistance (multilayers, magnetic tunnel junctions, ultrafine particles, other materials, magnetic semiconductors)– Magneto‐optics– Magneto‐resistance in transition metal oxides5. Thin films and particles– Superlattices– Ultrathin films– Multilayers– Ultrafine particles– Dots– Current induced magnetization, spin torque, injection and accumulation– Surfaces and interfaces– Magnetic fluids and nanoparticles6. Magnetic interactions– Exchange interactions (multilayers, transition metals and compounds, rare earth and compounds)– Crystal field anisotropy– Magneto‐elastic interactions7. Magnetization processes– Dynamic effects in nanomaterials– Relaxation, spin waves and solitons8. Applications– Recording media and devices– Magnetic sensors and memory– Magneto‐optics– Measurement techniquesThere were more than 200 registered participants from 37 countries, representing academic institutions and industry.We look forward to welcoming again all the participants of SCM2007 at the fourth Seeheim conference, planned for 2010. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study on the concentrations of native point defects in high‐dielectric‐constant binary oxide materials
Authors: Zheng J. X. , Ceder G. , Chim W. K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe intrinsic concentrations of point defects in high‐k binary oxide materials of HfO2, ZrO2, Y2O3 and La2O3 are evaluated on the basis of first‐principles calculations. Oxygen defects are found to dominate over a wide range of the oxygen chemical potential. Neutral oxygen vacancies are likely to be responsible for electron trapping in the investigated materials. In HfO2 and ZrO2, oxygen Frenkel pairs are likely to form. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model of inelastic impact of unit loads
Authors: Piatkowski Tomasz , Sempruch Janusz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this study, the authors present a model of the inelastic impact of bodies that takes place during handling of unit loads (cubiform parcels). A modified non‐linear Kelvin model is proposed, in which the relationships between object strains and elastic and damping forces of the impact are represented by power functions. The results of analytical investigations on the proposed model were confirmed by experiments consisting in tests of free fall of the load on rigid ground and on elastic beam. The developed model allows the assessment of the influence of mechanical properties of loads and conveyor‐line deflection mechanisms as well as impact velocity, on the dynamic forces exerted on the manipulated objects during the impact. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate process capability using principal component analysis
Authors: Shinde R. L. , Khadse K. G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWang and Chen (Qual. Eng. 1998; 11:21–27) have defined process capability indices (PCIs) for multivariate normal processes data using principal component analysis (PCA). Veevers (Statistical Process Monitoring and Optimization. Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1999; 241–256) has suggested a multivariate capability index based on the first principal component (PC). In this paper we demonstrate the problem in the definition of PCIs given by Wang and Chen (Qual. Eng. 1998; 11:21–27) and the non‐suitability of PCI given by Veevers (Statistical Process Monitoring and Optimization. Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1999; 241–256) through some examples. We also suggest an alternative method for assessing multivariate process capability based on the empirical probability distribution of PCs. This method has been performed on industrial and simulated data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Project management using point graphs
Authors: Ishaque Mashood , Zaidi Abbas K. , Levis Alexander H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA graph‐based approach for scheduling and monitoring temporal events and activities in a system engineering project is presented. It attempts to overcome some of the limitations of traditional project management approaches by allowing specifications of real‐time milestones, and by breaking the finish‐start barrier between the activities. An example of a residential construction project is used to illustrate the approach. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Customized birth weight: coefficients and validation of models in a UK population
Authors: Sahota D. S. , Kagan K. O. , Lau T. K. , Leung T. Y. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo produce a customized birth weight model in a UK population.MethodsThis was a population‐based, multiethnic, retrospective cohort study of 42 583 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies resulting in a live birth at 37–42 weeks of gestation between 1997 and 2005. Multivariate analysis was undertaken and a double cross‐over approach was employed to validate the models estimating customized birth weight.ResultsCoefficients confirmed the findings of previous studies, indicating that birth weight was strongly influenced by maternal ethnicity, age, parity, body mass index, smoking, fetal gender and gestational age at delivery.ConclusionsWe have derived models to determine customized or predicted birth weight in a UK population that are both robust and reproducible. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling of astrocyte properties in the hyperammonaemic brain: Shedding new light on the pathophysiology of the brain damage in hyperammonaemia
Authors: Lichter‐Konecki U. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAcute hyperammonaemia (HA) causes cerebral oedema and severe brain damage in patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) or acute liver failure (ALF). Chronic HA is associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability in patients with UCDs and with neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic liver failure. Treatment often cannot prevent severe brain injury and neurological sequelae. The causes of the brain oedema in hyperammonaemic encephalopathy (HAE) have been subject of intense controversy among physicians and scientists working in this field. Currently favoured hypotheses are astrocyte swelling due to increased intracellular glutamine content and neuronal cell death due to excitotoxicity caused by elevated extracellular glutamate levels. While many researchers focus on these mechanisms of cytotoxicity, others emphasize vascular causes of brain oedema. New data gleaned from expression profiling of astrocytes acutely isolated from hyperammonaemic mouse brains point to disturbed water and potassium homeostasis as regulated by astrocytes at the brain microvasculature and in the perisynaptic space as a potential mechanism of brain oedema development in hyperammonaemia.
LIPGENE food-exchange model for alteration of dietary fat quantity and quality in free-living participants from eight European countries
Authors: Shaw Danielle I. , Tierney Audrey C. , McCarthy Sinead , Upritchard Jane , Vermunt Susan , Gulseth Hanne L. , Drevon Christian A. , Blaak Ellen E. , Saris Wim H. M. , Karlström Brita , Helal Olfa , Defoort Catherine , Gallego Raquel , López-Miranda José , Siedlecka Dominika , Malczewska-Malec Małgorzata , Roche Helen M. , Lovegrove Julie A. 
Published: August 2008

Controlled human intervention trials are required to confirm the hypothesis that dietary fat quality may influence insulin action. The aim was to develop a food-exchange model, suitable for use in free-living volunteers, to investigate the effects of four experimental diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high SFA (HSFA); high MUFA (HMUFA) and two low-fat (LF) diets, one supplemented with 1·24 g EPA and DHA/d (LFn-3). A theoretical food-exchange model was developed. The average quantity of exchangeable fat was calculated as the sum of fat provided by added fats (spreads and oils), milk, cheese, biscuits, cakes, buns and pastries using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of UK adults. Most of the exchangeable fat was replaced by specifically designed study foods. Also critical to the model was the use of carbohydrate exchanges to ensure the diets were isoenergetic. Volunteers from eight centres across Europe completed the dietary intervention. Results indicated that compositional targets were largely achieved with significant differences in fat quantity between the high-fat diets (39·9 (sem0·6) and 38·9 (sem0·51) percentage energy (%E) from fat for the HSFA and HMUFA diets respectively) and the low-fat diets (29·6 (sem0·6) and 29·1 (sem0·5) %E from fat for the LF and LFn-3 diets respectively) and fat quality (17·5 (sem0·3) and 10·4 (sem0·2) %E from SFA and 12·7 (sem0·3) and 18·7 (sem0·4) %E MUFA for the HSFA and HMUFA diets respectively). In conclusion, a robust, flexible food-exchange model was developed and implemented successfully in the LIPGENE dietary intervention trial.
Overexpression of ornithine aminotransferase: consequences on amino acid homeostasis
Authors: Ventura Gabrielle , De Bandt Jean-Pascal , Segaud Frédéric , Perret Christine , Robic Daniel , Levillain Olivier , Le Plenier Servane , Godard Cécile , Cynober Luc , Moinard Christophe 
Published: August 2008

Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is a reversible enzyme expressed mainly in the liver, kidney and intestine. OAT controls the interconversion of ornithine into glutamate semi-aldehyde, and is therefore involved in the metabolism of arginine and glutamine which play a major role in N homeostasis. We hypothesised that OAT could be a limiting step in glutamine–arginine interconversion. To study the contribution of the OAT enzyme in amino acid metabolism, transgenic mice that specifically overexpress human OAT in the liver, kidneys and intestine were generated. The transgene expression was analysed byin situhybridisation and real-time PCR. Tissue (liver, jejunum and kidney) OAT activity, and plasma and tissue (liver and jejunum) amino acid concentrations were measured. Transgenic male mice exhibited higher OAT activity in the liver (25 (sem4)v.11 (sem1) nmol/min per μg protein for wild-type (WT) mice;P < 0·05) but there were no differences in kinetic parameters (i.e.Kmand maximum rate of reaction (Vmax)) between WT and transgenic animals. OAT overexpression decreased plasma and liver ornithine concentrations but did not affect glutamine or arginine homeostasis. There was an inverse relationship between ornithine levels and OAT activity. We conclude that OAT overexpression has only limited metabolic effects, probably due to the reversible nature of the enzyme. Moreover, these metabolic modifications had no effect on phenotype.
Stapled closed technique for laryngectomy and pharyngeal repair
Authors: Ahsan F , Ah-See K W , Hussain A 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground and aims:Total laryngectomy is a recognised treatment for advanced laryngeal carcinoma. Traditionally, pharyngeal repair is performed with layered sutures. We describe our experience with a technique of closed pharyngoplasty using a linear stapler device.Material and methods:Ten total laryngectomies were performed from July 2002 to July 2004, using an Ethicon TLC 75 linear stapler for pharyngeal closure. Data collected included age, sex, staging, endoscopic assessment, surgical margins and post-operative course (including complications and swallowing).Results:Patients comprised eight men and two women. The mean age was 55.4 years. Six patients had stage T4endolaryngeal carcinoma and four had stage T3. Four patients underwent pre-operative radiotherapy. Clear surgical margins were achieved in all patients. One patient developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula. Patients resumed oral intake at 48 hours, or at 72 hours if they had undergone pre-operative radiotherapy. Patients' mean hospital stay was seven days.Conclusion:This stapled closed technique for pharyngoplasty is efficient and eliminates the risk of wound contamination, thus theoretically reducing the risk of tumour seeding. In addition, we were able to commence patients on oral fluids at a mean of 48 hours after surgery. The mean hospital stay was seven days. We recommend this technique as an alternative for repairing the pharynx in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for endolaryngeal carcinoma.
Fire and the demography of camelthorn (Acacia erioloba Meyer) in the southern Kalahari – evidence for a bonfire effect?
Authors: Seymour Colleen L. , Huyser Onno 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFires in arid environments are rare, so are not deemed as important as in mesic savannas. We investigated mortality and resprouting amongst camelthorn (Acacia erioloba) after two fires (at Vaalbos National Park and Susanna farm) in semi‐arid savanna near Kimberley, South Africa. Resprouting response 18 months after a fire was the greatest amongst <6.5 m high trees; extent of foliage damage by fire and bark thickness were the next best predictors of resprouting vigour amongst that size class. The largest size class (8–12 m height) of A. erioloba suffered the greatest mortality rates (40% and 83% at Vaalbos and Susanna respectively), with damage either severe or minor. We hypothesize that large tree mortality rates are partly attributable to well‐developed assemblages of flammable subcanopy plants producing a bonfire beneath trees. These mortality rates indicate that fire reduces both tree abundance and relative representation of large trees, and although able to resprout, A. erioloba is fire‐sensitive, which may explain its restriction to Kalahari sands where rainfall is less than 900 mm year−1. Therefore, although relatively infrequent, fires shape Kalahari woodland structure, particularly as A. erioloba is long lived and slow growing. Large trees have been shown to be important to biodiversity in the southern Kalahari, so frequent fires could impact biodiversity.