bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the herbal formulation ColiMil®on upper gastrointestinal transit in micein vivo
Authors: Capasso Raffaele , Savino Francesco , Capasso Francesco 
Published: June 2007

AbstractClinical evidence suggests that the herbal formulation ColiMil®(which containsMatricaria recutitaflowers extract,Foeniculum vulgarefruit extract andMelissa officinalisaerial parts extract) is effective in the treatment of breastfed colic in infants. Therefore the effect of this phytotherapeutic formulation and its herbal constituents on upper gastrointestinal transit was investigated in micein vivo. Oral administration of the herbal formulation (0.4–0.8 mL/mice) dose‐dependently delayed upper gastrointestinal transit. Among the herbal components,Matricaria recutitaextract (0.89 and 1.78 mg/mouse) andMelissa officinalisextract (6.46 and 12.92 mg/mouse), but notFoeniculum vulgare(8.21 and 16.42 mg/mouse), reduced motility significantly. These results suggest that ColiMil®reduces upper gastrointestinal motility in mice, with a major contribution byMatricaria recutitaandMelissa officinalis. These experimental data may be important to better understand the observation that the herbal formulation ColiMil®improves colic in breastfed infants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady‐ and steady‐state gas permeation through active packaging walls
Authors: Di Felice Renzo , Cazzola Daniela , Garbero Mirko , Ottonello Piero 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSteady‐ and unsteady‐state gas permeation rates through packaging walls containing active (scavenger) materials are determined as functions of the system's physical parameters and the scavenger load. With the simplifying assumptions of constant scavenger concentration and first‐order reaction kinetics, steady‐state analysis shows that there is a minimum quantity of scavenger that must be added to the packaging wall if any reduction of gas permeation is to be achieved. Unsteady‐state studies have established the dependence of the time needed to reach stationary behaviour on the system's physical parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enthalpy of Solvation Correlations For Gaseous Solutes Dissolved in Linear Alkanes (C5C16) Based on the Abraham Model
Authors: Mintz Christina , Burton Katherine , Acree William E. , Abraham Michael H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractData have been assembled from the published literature on the enthalpies of solvation for gaseous solutes dissolved in the linear alkane solvents, pentane through hexadecane. A total of more than 500 experimental data points were compiled. It is shown that an Abraham solvation equation with five descriptors can be used to correlate the experimental solvation enthalpies of 118 solutes in hexane at 298 K to within a standard deviation of 1.82 kJ/mol for a dataset that spans a range of 89 kJ/mol. Division of the experimental values into a training set and test set shows that there is no bias in predictions, and that the predictive ability of the hexane solvent correlation is better than 2 kJ/mol. The 500+experimental values were combined into a single dataset and used to derive a generic alkane Abraham model correlation equation that predicted the enthalpies of solvation of gaseous solutes in linear alkane solvents to within a standard deviation of 1.82 kJ/mol, which was comparable in predictive accuracy to the solvent‐specific Abraham correlation equations derived for hexane (1.82 kJ/mol), heptane (1.85 kJ/mol), and hexadecane (1.84 kJ/mol).
Density functional study of manganese dimer
Authors: Yamanaka Shusuke , Ukai Takeshi , Nakata Kazuto , Takeda Ryo , Shoji Mitsuo , Kawakami Takashi , Takada Toshikazu , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemical bonding and magnetic interaction of manganese dimer (Mn2) are still in controversy in experimental and theoretical studies. In this work, we examined various exchange correlation functionals of Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT), together with hybrid‐DFT, and Hartree–Fock plus DFT approaches on description of Mn2. We found that, in contrast to pure DFT functionals, the experimentally reported features of chemical bonding and antiferromagnetic interactions of Mn2 can be reproduced by employing the Hartree–Fock exchange terms. Thus, it is recommended to employ HF plus DFT, or hybrid DFT with large HF portion approach for the case that the direct interactions among manganese atoms play a major role to determine the electronic structure, such as manganese clusters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Review and meta‐analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Authors: Kenneson Aileen , Cannon Michael J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe reviewed studies that reported results of systematic cytomegalovirus (CMV) screening on fetuses and/or live‐born infants. The overall birth prevalence of congenital CMV infection was 0.64%, but varied considerably among different study populations. About 11% of live‐born infants with congenital CMV infection were symptomatic, but the inter‐study differences in definitions of symptomatic cases limit the interpretation of these data. Non‐white race, low socioeconomic status (SES), premature birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admittance were risk factors for congenital CMV infection. Birth prevalence increased with maternal CMV seroprevalence. Maternal seroprevalence accounted for 29% of the variance in birth prevalence between study populations. Maternal seroprevalence and birth prevalence were both higher in study populations that were ascertained at birth rather than in the prenatal period. Thus, timing of ascertainment should be considered when interpreting birth prevalence estimates. Birth prevalence was inversely correlated with mean maternal age, but this relationship was not significant when controlling for maternal seroprevalence. The rate of transmission to infants born to mothers who had a primary infection or a recurrent infection during pregnancy was 32% and 1.4%, respectively. Possible maternal primary infections (i.e. seropositive mother with CMV IgM) resulted in congenital infections about 20% of the time, but are likely to represent a mixture of primary and recurrent infections. In summary, CMV is a common congenital infection worldwide that can lead to permanent disabilities. There is an urgent need for interventions that can reduce the substantial burden of this often overlooked disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of continuous‐time homogeneous bilinear systems by constant inputs through nonlinear minimization with applications to the static output feedback stabilization problem
Authors: Hanba Shigeru 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn algorithm to provide constant‐input stabilizing control inputs for multi‐input continuous‐time bilinear systems is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the formal discrete‐time approximation of the system and the unconstrained nonlinear minimization. The key features of the new algorithm are as follows. First, the formal discrete‐time approximation makes the set of stabilizing control inputs star‐shaped centred at the origin, hence the minimization is to be performed only in a neighbourhood of the origin selected by the designer. Second, the algorithm is always capable of finding a solution if one exists, as long as the minimization inside the neighbourhood is successful. Third, by a slight modification, the algorithm permits us to place all the eigenvalues of the system inside a rectangular region in the complex plane, as long as it is feasible. The algorithm is also applicable to the static output feedback stabilization problem of linear time‐invariant systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computing short‐interval transition matrices of a discrete‐time Markov chain from partially observed data
Authors: Charitos Theodore , de Waal Peter R. , van der Gaag Linda C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMarkov chains constitute a common way of modelling the progression of a chronic disease through various severity states. For these models, a transition matrix with the probabilities of moving from one state to another for a specific time interval is usually estimated from cohort data. Quite often, however, the cohort is observed at specific times with intervals that may be greater than the interval of interest. The transition matrix computed then needs to be decomposed in order to estimate the desired interval transition matrix suited to the model. Although simple to implement, this method of matrix decomposition can yet result in an invalid short‐interval transition matrix with negative or complex entries. In this paper, we present a method for computing short‐interval transition matrices that is based on regularization techniques. Our method operates separately on each row of the invalid short‐interval transition matrix aiming to minimize an appropriate distance measure. We test our method on various matrix structures and sizes, and evaluate its performance on a real‐life transition model for HIV‐infected individuals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Housing for People with Serious Mental Illness: A Comparison of Values and Research
Authors: Sylvestre John , Nelson Geoffrey , Sabloff Annabelle , Peddle Sarah 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article contrasts values associated with the delivery of housing programs for people with serious mental illness with the typical topics pertaining to housing that are studied by researchers. Six values were identified through a search and content analysis of the literature on housing for people with serious mental illness. A second review of the literature was conducted to identify research on housing for this population. A comparison of findings from the two reviews suggested that whereas values concerned with the therapeutic benefits of housing had received considerable research attention, those concerned with a citizenship dimension had received relatively little. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the delivery of housing services and for housing research.
Absorption Properties of Micellar Lipid Metabolites into Caco2 Cells
Authors: Tsuzuki Wakako 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo elucidate the absorption characteristics of dietary lipids in the human intestine, we investigated the cellular uptake of lipid metabolites using a differential monolayer of the Caco2 cells. As lipid metabolites, several free fatty acids and 2‐monoacylglycerols, were formed a mixed micelle by bile salts and lysophospholipids and they were supplied to the Caco2 cells. To estimate the effect of the mixed micelles on the permeability of cells’ membranes during incubation with the mixed micelles, the transepitherial electrical resistance (TEER) value was monitored, and no pronounced changes of TEER was detected. This suggested that mixed micelles did not affect their cellular properties of the barrier measured by TEER. The lipid metabolites transferred from the mixed micelle into the Caco2 cells were determined quantitatively by an enzymatic colorimetric method and were done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for a species of acylglycerols. These highly sensitive methods enabled us to monitor the transepithelial transports of various kinds of non‐isotope‐labeled various lipid metabolites. Newly re‐synthesized triacylglycerols were accumulated in Caco2 cells after 30 min incubation with the mixed micelles, and their amounts increased gradually for 4 h. The secretion of re‐esterified triacylglycerols into a basolateral medium from the Caco2 cells began at 2 h after the mixed micelles were added to the apical medium. The intake of external lipid metabolites by the Caco2 cells were evaluated by an initial 2‐h incubation with the mixed micelles. For example, 2‐monomyristin and 2‐monopalmitin were more rapidly transferred into the Caco2 cells from the mixed micelles than 2‐monocaprin was. On the other hand, the absorption rates of capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid by the cells were larger than those of stearic acid and oleic acid. It revealed that the side‐chain structure of these lipid metabolites affected their absorption by the Caco2 cells. The results of this study suggested that the Caco2 cell monolayer could be a useful model for investigating the involvement of dietary lipids in the transepithelial absorption in the human intestine.
Effect of Attapulgite Pore Size Distribution on Soybean Oil Bleaching
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Liu Yuanfa , Liu Yue , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe pore size distribution and specific surface area of the attapulgite was a crucial parameter for the uptake of pigments of oil. Bleaching of the soybean oil with three attapulgites with different pore size distribution, which were assigned a, b, and c, respectively was investigated. The specific surface area and the pore size distribution of the attapulgites were characterized. The Freundlich isotherm analysis was used to evaluate the sorption capacity of the three attapulgite. Sample b gave the highest surface area and sample c the lowest. Sample b exhibited a wider pore distribution (8–65 Å) whereas samples a and c had more micropores smaller than 15 Å. Sample a, in contrast to samples b and c, was characterized by some larger pores (100–170 Å). The sorption capacity followed the sequence: attapulgite sample c > attapulgite sample a > attapulgite sample b. The sorption capacity was decided by the pore size distribution. The more pores with a distribution range 8–32 Å (i.e., close to the diameter of the pigments), the more pigments removed. The attapulgite sample c, which had most pores (8–32 Å) was the best.
Respecting adolescents’ confidentiality and reproductive and sexual choices
Authors: Cook R.J. , Erdman J.N. , Dickens B.M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAdolescents, defined as between 10 and 19 years old, present a growing challenge to reproductive health. Adolescent sexual intercourse contributes to worldwide burdens of unplanned pregnancy, abortion, spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, and maternal mortality and morbidity. A barrier to contraceptive care and termination of adolescent pregnancy is the belief that in law minors intellectually mature enough to give consent also require consent of, or at least prior information to, their parental guardians. Adolescents may avoid parental disclosure by forgoing desirable reproductive health care. Recent judicial decisions, however, give effect to internationally established human rights to confidentiality, for instance under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which apply without a minimum age. These judgments contribute to modern legal recognition that sufficiently mature adolescents can decide not only to request care for contraception, abortion and STIs, but also whether and when their parents should be informed.
Idiopathic temporal bone encephaloceles in the obese patient
Authors: Scurry W. Cooper , Ort Stuart A. , Peterson William M. , Sheehan Jonas M. , Isaacson Jon E. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectivesOur aims were to introduce temporal bone encephalocele (TBE) to the differential diagnosis of persistent middle ear effusion, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, or chronic otitis media in obese adults and to demonstrate the basic pathophysiologic principles of morbid obesity as it may lead to the cascade of increased intra‐abdominal pressure, increased central venous pressure, benign increased intracranial pressure, and TBE.MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records was performed to determine the location, nature, and etiology of the encephaloceles identified at our institution from 1989 to 2005. Body mass index was calculated from the patient height and weight data.ResultsEight patients with spontaneous, idiopathic TBE were identified. Body mass index values ranged from 32.0 to 67.5 kg/m2 with a mean of 48.6 kg/m2. All patients identified with a spontaneous, idiopathic TBE were obese.ConclusionTBE is associated with morbid obesity in our population and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating mastoid and middle ear disease in the morbidly obese.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Combined modality therapy of esthesioneuroblastoma
Authors: McLean J. Nicolas , Nunley Sunjay R. , Klass Carmen , Moore Charles , Susan Müller , Peter A. S. Johnstone 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare tumor of the olfactory epithelium. The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities including surgery, IMRT, and chemotherapy and patient outcomes.Patients and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 21 patients. Therapy included craniofacial resection (CFR), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 47 months. Surgery was performed in 90.4% of cases; radiotherapy was performed adjuvantly in 15 (72.7%) patients. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were administered to 7 (33.3%) patients. Eight (38.3%) patients had local recurrence. The 5‐year crude overall survival was 71.4% and actuarial 5‐year overall survival was 58% with confidence interval (CI, 25 and 81, respectively). The 5‐year crude disease‐free survival rate was 59% and the 5‐year actuarial disease‐free survival rate was 62% (CI, 28 and 83, respectively).ConclusionMultidisciplinary therapy of ENB should be considered, especially for Kadish C and high‐grade lesions. Craniofacial resection (CFR), Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and chemotherapy should be investigated in a multi‐institution trial of ENB.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Plasma Epstein‐Barr virus immunoglobulin A and DNA for nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening in the United States
Authors: Teresa M. O. , Yu Guopei , Hu Kenneth , Li James C. L. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveTo examine the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) IgA and DNA assays as a screening tool for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a nonendemic US population.Study Design and SettingProspective study performed at a teaching hospital in New York City. There were two groups of 155 patients: new NPC patients and controls. An otolaryngologic examination and serial blood testing for serologic markers were performed.ResultsSensitivity and specificity of EBV IgA and DNA assays were determined. Screening scenarios involving series and parallel testing were evaluated to determine economic feasibility. Series testing provided a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 90.6, 93.5, 78.4, and 97.5 percent, respectively. Parallel testing increased the sensitivity to 100 percent.ConclusionNPC screening in a high‐risk, nonendemic population using EBV‐specific serologic markers is effective. Series testing is a statistically sound and economically feasible strategy.SignificanceThe development of a cost‐effective NPC screening strategy in a high‐risk, nonendemic population in the United States.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Percutaneous dilation tracheotomy in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Bhatti Nasir , Tatlipinar Arzu , Mirski Marek , Koch Wayne M. , Goldenberg David 
Published: June 2007

ObjectivesIn our department, we routinely use percutaneous dilation tracheotomy (PDT) in select intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation. We present our experience with this technique and discuss the pros and cons of PDT in the intensive care setting.Study Design and SettingWe conducted a retrospective study of consecutive PDTs performed in our institution between 2002 and 2004. Demographic information and procedural and postoperative complications were noted.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐four PDTs were performed on intensive care unit patients during this time period. Complications included five cases of excessive intraoperative bleeding (1.8%), one postoperative hemorrhage (0.3%), one tracheoesophageal fistula (0.3%), one pneumothorax (0.3%), and four accidental decannulations (1.4%). No PDT‐associated deaths occurred.ConclusionsPDT is advantageous for the patient as it is performed at bedside in the ICU. It is our conclusion that this technique is suitable for many, but not all, critical care patients.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Intraoperative PTH: Effect of sample timing and vitamin D status
Authors: McCarty Statham Melissa , Watts Nelson B. , Steward David L. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of timing of intraoperative parathormone (iPTH) samples and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) status on decision‐making during parathyroidectomy.MethodsA total of 77 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and iPTH levels (preincision, preremoval, 5 (T5) and 10 (T10) minutes postremoval) performed during parathyroidectomy were reviewed.ResultsForty‐one percent of patients were 25‐OHD insufficient. We noted a significant correlation between preoperative 25‐OHD and preincision iPTH (P = 0.002) but not iPTH at postremoval levels (T5, P = 0.89; T10, P = 0.42). When compared with preincision iPTH, the use of either the higher preincision or preremoval iPTH baseline significantly improves the assay sensitivity from 83% to 93% at T5 (P = 0.01) and 87% to 97% at T10 (P = 0.02). Surgical cure was obtained in 98% of patients.ConclusionObtaining preremoval iPTH allowed earlier decision with respect to operative completion in 38% of cases. 25‐OHD status does not appear to significantly affect interpretation of iPTH levels.SignificanceObtaining both baseline levels significantly improves sensitivity in iPTH monitoring.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Transoral laser microsurgery for carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx
Authors: Grant David G. , Salassa John R. , Hinni Michael L. , Pearson Bruce W. , Hayden Richard E. , Perry William C. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectivesThe study goal was to report the oncologic outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx.Study Design and SettingA two‐center prospective case series analysis.ResultsThirty‐eight patients underwent TLM for previously untreated carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx between 1997 and 2005. Pathological T stages were T1 in 8 (21%), T2 in 14 (37%), T3 in 8 (21%), and T4 in 8 (21%). Twenty‐six patients (68%) had neck dissections. Thirteen patients (34%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. The mean follow‐up for all patients was 31 months. The 2‐year Kaplan‐Meier estimates for local control were 97%; locore‐gional control, 94%; disease‐specific survival, 80%; and overall survival, 85%. The overall functional laryngeal preservation rate was 79% (19 of 24).ConclusionsTLM is a safe and effective treatment for cancer of the supraglottic larynxSignificanceTLM is an emerging strategy in the management of laryngeal cancer.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.