bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term effects of ecadotril in dogs with induced congestive heart failure
Authors: Olivier N. Bari , Kutas Susan M. , Beals Sue , Hanson Beth , Windram Soren 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate short-term hemodynamic
effects of ecadotril in a model of congestive heart failure
in dogs.

Animals—6 conscious adult male dogs.

Procedures—Instruments were placed in dogs to
measure left ventricular, aortic, and atrial blood pressures.
Heart failure was induced by repeated coronary
embolization with latex microspheres. Four
times, and in random order, dogs were given vehicle
or active drug (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg of body weight) orally.
Hemodynamic variables, urine flow, and urinary
electrolyte excretion were measured before and 30,
90, and 150 minutes, and 10 and 21 hours after drug
administration.

Results—Changes in urine flow, heart rate, mean
arterial pressure, or peak positive and negative rate of
change in ventricular pressure were not apparent.
Urinary sodium excretion significantly increased in
response to the low and high doses of ecadotril but
not in response to the 10 mg/kg dose. Left ventricular
end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) consistently
decreased in dose- and time-dependent manner.
Maximal group-averaged reductions in LVEDP were
5.2, 8.1, and 10 mm Hg for the low, middle, and high
doses, respectively. The magnitude of the decrease
in LVEDP was not related to cumulative change in
urine flow.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Orally
administered ecadotril reduced left ventricular filling
pressures in these dogs by a mechanism that does
not require a substantial diuretic effect. Ecadotril
may be effective for alleviating clinical signs in dogs
with left-sided heart failure and may be particularly
beneficial for use in dogs that are refractory to traditional
diuretic therapy. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:
334–339)
Clinical disease in kittens inoculated with a pathogenic strain of Bartonella henselae
Authors: Mikolajczyk Malgorzata G. , O'Reilly Kathy L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate disease in kittens inoculated withBartonella henselaestrain LSU16.Animals—Eighteen 12-week-old specific-pathogenfree kittens.Procedure—Kittens were inoculated withB henselaestrain LSU16 or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Blood samples were collected from kittens on alternate weeks, and bacteremia, clinical signs, and antibody concentrations were monitored for 6 months after inoculation.Results—Kittens developed raised, erythematous areas at the site of inoculation within 72 hours. Swelling peaked at 14 days and resolved by 28 days after inoculation. Fever had a biphasic pattern, with an episode of 1- to 3-days' duration beginning 6 to 7 days after inoculation followed by an episode of 3- to 8- days' duration beginning 11 to 13 days after inoculation. Kittens were bacteremic by day 14 with peak bacteremia at days 14 to 28. Strong antibody responses toB henselaewere detected. Clinical disease resolved before bacteremia became undetectable, but signs of disease correlated with the highest degree of bacteremia. Regional lymphadenopathy also was evident.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Clinical disease in kittens was similar to that in adult cats infected withB henselaestrain LSU16, except that lethargy and anorexia were less severe in kittens, and a biphasic pattern of fever was detected in kittens. Clinical disease after inoculation with B henselae may be strain-dependent. To limit transmission ofBartonellaorganisms, appropriate flea prevention should be instituted.Impact for Human Medicine—Kittens that are febrile, anorectic, lethargic, and that have lymphadenopathy should be tested for Bartonella organisms, and contact with immunocompromised owners should be discouraged. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:375–379)
Association among filamentous actin content, CD11b expression, and membrane deformability in stimulated and unstimulated bovine neutrophils
Authors: McClenahan David J. , Evanson Oral A. , Walcheck Bruce K. , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate rheologic properties of bovine neutrophils that may result in adhesion molecule- independent sequestration of neutrophils in inflamed lungs of cattle.Animals—Healthy 2- to 4-week-old male Holstein calves.Procedures—Neutrophil deformability, filamentous actin (F-actin) content, and CD11b expression was determined for unstimulated bovine neutrophils and bovine neutrophils incubated with the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP),Pasteurella haemolytica-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), andP haemolyticaleukotoxin. Neutrophils were separated into 3 subpopulations on the basis of size. The F-actin content and CD11b expression were evaluated by use of flow cytometry. Leukocyte deformability was evaluated by filtration of dilute whole blood.Results—The subpopulation of the smallest-sized neutrophils (> 90% of neutrophils) contained little F-actin. A subpopulation of slightly larger neutrophils had a profound increase in F-actin content and CD11b expression. The subpopulation of the largest neutrophils had increased F-actin content and CD11b expression, compared with those for both subpopulations of smaller neutrophils. Incubation of neutrophils with PAF and ZAP, but not TNF, IL-8, LPS, or leukotoxin, resulted in decreased neutrophil deformability and increased F-actin content. Incubation with PAF and TNF induced an increase in size of neutrophils.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Size can be used to identify subpopulations of large and rigid neutrophils in blood samples from healthy calves. Platelet-activating factor and activated complement fragments are potent inducers of F-actin formation and neutrophil rigidity. Physical changes in neutrophils may impede their transit through lung microvasculature and result in leukocyte trapping independent of adhesion molecule interactions with endothelial cells. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:380–386)
D-dimer concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Brooks Marjory B. , Erb Hollis N. , Mauldin Glenna E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine sensitivity and specificity of
assays of D-dimer concentrations in dogs with disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC) and healthy
dogs and to compare these results with those of
serum and plasma fibrin-fibrinogen degradation product
(FDP) assays.

Animals—20 dogs with DIC and 30 healthy dogs.

Procedure—Semi-quantitative and quantitative
D-dimer concentrations were determined by use of
latex-agglutination and immunoturbidometry, respectively.
Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products were
measured by use of latex-agglutination. A reference
range for the immunoturbidometric D-dimer concentration
assay was established; sensitivity and specificity
of the assay were determined at 2 cutoff concentrations
(0.30 µg/ml and 0.39 µg/ml).

Results—Reference range for the immunoturbidometric
D-dimer concentration assay was 0.08 to
0.39 µg/ml; median concentrations were significantly
higher in dogs with DIC than in healthy dogs. Latexagglutination
D-dimer and serum and plasma FDP
assays had similar sensitivity (85 to 100%) and specificity
(90 to 100%); the immunoturbidometric assay
had lower specificity (77%) at the 0.30 µg/ml cutoff
and lower sensitivity (65%) at the 0.39 µg/ml cutoff.
Sensitivity or specificity of the latex-agglutination
D-dimer assay was not significantly improved when
interpreted in series or parallel with FDP assays.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Measurement
of D-dimer concentrations by latex-agglutination
appears to be a sensitive and specific ancillary test for
DIC in dogs. Specificity of D-dimer concentrations in
dogs with systemic disease other than DIC has not
been determined, therefore FDP and D-dimer assays
should be performed concurrently as supportive tests
for the diagnosis of DIC in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:393–398)
Duration of nonresponse to noxious stimulation after intramuscular administration of butorphanol, medetomidine, or a butorphanol-medetomidine combination during isoflurane administration in dogs
Authors: Grimm Kurt A. , Tranquilli William J. , Thurmon John C. , Benson G. John 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess duration of actions of butorphanol, medetomidine, and a butorphanol-medetomidine combination in dogs given subanesthetic doses of isoflurane (ISO).Animals—6 healthy dogs.Procedure—Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values for ISO were determined. for each dog. Subsequently, 4 treatments were administered to each dog (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, butorphanol [0.2 mg/kg of body weight], medetomidine [5.0 mg/kg], and a combination of butorphanol [0.2 mg/kg] and medetomidine [5.0 mg/kg]). All treatments were administered IM to dogs concurrent with isoflurane; treatment order was determined, using a randomized crossover design. Treatments were given at 7-day intervals. After mask induction with ISO and instrumentation with a rectal temperature probe, endtidal CO2and anesthetic gas concentrations were analyzed. End-tidal ISO concentration was reduced to 90% MAC for each dog. A tail clamp was applied 15 minutes later. After a positive response, 1 of the treatments was administered. Response to application of the tail clamp was assessed at 15-minute intervals until a positive response again was detected.Results—Duration of nonresponse after administration of saline solution, butorphanol, medetomidine, and butorphanol-medetomidine (mean ± SD) was 0.0 ± 0.0, 1.5 ± 1.5, 2.63 ± 0.49, and 5.58 ± 2.28 hours, respectively. Medetomidine effects were evident significantly longer than those for saline solution, whereas effects for butorphanol-medetomidine were evident significantly longer than for each agent administered alone.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—During ISOinduced anesthesia, administration of medetomidine, but not butorphanol, provides longer and more consistent analgesia than does saline solution, and the combination of butorphanol-medetomidine appears superior to the use of medetomidine or butorphanol alone. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:42–47)
Prokinetic effects of erythromycin on the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure of horses during the postoperative period
Authors: Roussel Allen J. , Hooper R. Neil , Cohen Noah D. , Bye Alicia D. , Hicks Russell J. , Bohl Tonya W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of erythromycin on motility of the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure of horses during the postoperative and post-recovery periods.Animals—8 healthy adult horses.Procedure—Horses were anesthetized and bipolar electrodes were implanted in smooth muscle of the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure. Approximately 4, 16, and 24 hours (postoperative recording sessions) and at least 8 days (post-recovery recording session) after surgery, myoelectric activity was recorded before and after administration of erythromycin (0.5 mg/kg).Results—Following erythromycin administration, myoelectric activity was increased in the ileum during all postoperative recording sessions but not during the post-recovery recording session. Myoelectric activity was increased in the cecum following erythromycin administration only during the post-recovery recording session. Myoelectric activity was increased in the pelvic flexure following erythromycin administration during all recording sessions. During several recording sessions, there were short periods during which myoelectric activity was significantly decreased following erythromycin administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that erythromycin has an effect on myoelectric activity of the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure in horses; however, prokinetic effects of erythromycin administered during the postoperative period were not always the same as effects obtained when the drug was administered after horses had recovered from the effects of surgical implantation of recording devices. Therefore, caution must be exercised when extrapolating results of prokinetic studies in healthy animals to animals with abnormal gastrointestinal tract motility. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:420–424)
Metabolic and mitogenic activities of insulin-like growth factor-1 in interleukin-1-conditioned equine cartilage
Authors: Frisbie David D. , Sandler Emily A. , Trotter Gayle W. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine response of interleukin-1α (IL-1α)-conditioned equine articular cartilage explants to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).Sample Population—Cartilage from the trochlea and condyles of the femur of a clinically normal 4-year-old horse.Procedure—Effects of IGF-1 (0 to 500 ng/ml) after addition of IL-1α were evaluated by assessing matrix responses, using a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assay, matrix35SO4GAG incorporation, and release of GAG. Mitogenic response was assessed by3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA and fluorometric assay of total DNA concentration.Results—Human recombinant IL-1α (40 ng/ml) increased the amount of labeled GAG released and decreased labeled and total GAG remaining in explants, and IL-1α decreased mitogenic response. Addition of IGF-1 counteracted effects seen with IL-1α alone. In general, IGF-1 decreased total and labeled GAG released into the medium, compared with IL-1α- treated explants (positive-control sample). Values for these variables did not differ significantly from those for negative-control explants. A significant increase in total and newly synthesized GAG in the explants at termination of the experiment was observed with 500 ng of IGF-1/ml. Labeled GAG remaining in explants was greater with treatment at 50 ng of IGF-1/ml, compared with treatment with IL-1α alone. Concentrations of 200 ng of IGF-1/ml abolished actions of IL-1α and restored DNA synthesis to values similar to those of negative-control explants.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IGF-1 at 500 ng/ml was best at overcoming detrimental effects associated with IL-1α in in vitro explants. These beneficial effects may be useful in horses with osteoarthritis. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:436–441)
Use of specific sugars to inhibit bacterial adherence to equine endometrium in vitro
Authors: King Sheryl S. , Young Deena A. , Nequin Lynn G. , Carnevale Elaine M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether specific sugars
inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus zooepidemicus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to
equine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro.

Sample Population—Endometrial biopsy specimens
collected during estrus from 7 healthy mares.

Procedure—Endometrial specimens on glass slides
were incubated for 30 minutes at 4 C with suspensions
of S zooepidemicus, P aeruginosa, or E coli in
phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) alone or
with various concentrations of D-(+)-mannose,
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine,
D-(+)-glucose, galactose, or N-acetyl-neuraminic acid.
Inhibition of bacterial adherence was determined by
comparing adhesion of bacteria (ie, percentage of
glandular epithelial cells with adherent bacteria) suspended
in each sugar solution with that of bacteria
suspended in PBSS.

Results—Mannose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
inhibited adhesion of E coli and P aeruginosa to
epithelial cells, whereas only mannose inhibited adhesion
of S zooepidemicus. The other sugars did not
affect bacterial adherence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mannose and
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine appear to play a role in
adhesion of S zooepidemicus, P aeruginosa, and
E coli to equine endometrium. In horses with uterine
infections, use of sugars to competitively displace
bacteria from attachment sites on cells may provide
an adjunct to antibiotic treatment. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:446–449)
Experimental infection of Mouflon-domestic sheep hybrids with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus
Authors: Guiguen Francois , Mselli-Lakhal Laila , Durand Jitka , Du Jian , Favier Colette , Fornazero Claudie , Grezel Delphine , Balleydier Sabine , Hausmann Elda , Chebloune Yahia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether monocyte-derived macrophages from Mouflon-domestic sheep hybrids (Ovis musimonXOvis spp) were susceptible to productive infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in vitro and whether experimental inoculation of Mouflon-domestic sheep hybrids with a molecularly cloned CAEV would result in persistent infection.Animals—5 Mouflon hybrids.Procedure—Macrophage monolayers were inoculated with virus in vitro. Three animals were inoculated with virus intratracheally.Results—Productive replication of CAEV was demonstrated in monocyte-derived macrophages following in vitro and in vivo inoculation. Titer of infectious cytopathic CAEV produced by macrophages from the Mouflon hybrids was similar to titers produced by macrophages from an infected goat or by synovial membrane cells. Isolation of virus from monocytederived macrophages and use of a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to amplify a portion of the viral genome demonstrated persistent virus replication in all 3 inoculated animals. Two weeks after inoculation of sheep, approximately 1 of 5,000 monocytes was harboring the virus.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that Mouflon-domestic sheep hybrids are susceptible to infection with isolates of CAEV that cause infection in domestic small ruminants. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:456–461)
Evaluation of a method for experimental induction of osteoarthritis of the hip joints in dogs
Authors: Renberg Walter C. , Johnston Spencer A. , Carrig Colin B. , Budsberg Steven C. , Ye Keying , Veit Hugo P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate a method for experimental induction of osteoarthritis in the hip joints of dogs.Animals—12 mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—A unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy was performed. In 6 dogs, the iliac osteotomy was repaired with 45° of internal rotation, reducing coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum. In the other 6 dogs, the fragments were repaired in anatomic alignment. Radiography, force plate evaluations, and subjective lameness evaluations were performed before and after surgery. Dogs were euthanatized 7 months after surgery, and samples of cartilage and joint capsule were examined histologically.Results—Subjective lameness scores, radiographic appearance of the hip joints, and Norberg angles were not significantly different between groups; however, force plate evaluations did reveal significant differences in vertical ground reaction forces. Femoral head coverage was significantly decreased with rotation of the acetabulum. Mild inflammatory changes were discernible in the joint capsule and articular cartilage of some dogs in both groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that 45° internal rotation of the acetabulum does not consistently induce biologically important osteoarthritic changes in the hip joints of dogs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:484–491)
Role of inflammatory mediators in priming, activation, and deformability of bovine neutrophils
Authors: McClenahan David , Fagliari Jose , Evanson Oral , Weiss Douglas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the capacity of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- 8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and leukotoxin to prime, activate, or alter deformability of adult bovine neutrophils.Sample Population—Blood collected from 5 healthy adult Holstein cows.Procedure—Isolated neutrophils or whole blood was incubated with TNF-α, IL-8, PAF, LPS, or leukotoxin, and neutrophil chemiluminescence, degranulation, deformability, shape change, CD11b expression, and size distribution was measured.Results—Incubation with TNF-α, IL-8, PAF, and LPS primed neutrophils for oxygen radical release but caused minimal oxygen radical release by themselves. None of the inflammatory mediators induced degranulation. Incubation with TNF-α and PAF resulted in a decrease in neutrophil deformability and induced shape change in neutrophils. Incubation with PAF consistently resulted in an increase in neutrophil size as measured by use of flow cytometry. Only IL-8 caused an increase in expression of CD11b by neutrophils.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inflammatory mediators tested had minimal effects on neutrophil oxygen radical production or degranulation but did prime neutrophils for oxygen radical production. Incubation with PAF and TNF-α caused a decrease in neutrophil deformability and altered neutrophil shape and size. Results of our study indicate that PAF- and TNF-α-induced changes in neutrophil deformability and size may cause integrin- and selectin-independent trapping of neutrophils in the lungs of cattle with pneumonic pasteurellosis. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 492–498)
Ultrastructural characterization of apoptosis in bovine lymphocytes exposed to Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin
Authors: Sun Yude , Clinkenbeard Kenneth D. , Ownby Charlotte L. , Cudd Laura , Clarke Cyril R. , Highlander Sarah K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize ultrastructural changes of bovine lymphocytes exposed toPasteurella haemolyticaleukotoxin (LKT).Sample Population—Partially purified LKT from a wild typeP haemolyticaA1 strain and inactive pro-LKT from an isogeneic mutantP haemolyticastrain. Isolated bovine lymphocytes were obtained from 2 healthy calves.Procedure—Isolated bovine lymphocytes were incubated with various concentrations of LKT and pro-LKT for 3 hours at 37 C and examined by use of transmission electron microscopy. A cytochemical Klenow DNA fragmentation assay was used to examine lymphocytes for DNA fragmentation.Results—Lymphocytes incubated with LKT at a high concentration (1.0 toxic U/ml) had ultrastructural evidence of cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane rupture and swelling or lysis of mitochondria. Low concentrations of leukotoxin (0.1 toxic U/ml) induced DNA fragmentation in 80% of lymphocytes. Ultrastructurally, these cells had nuclear membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic vaculation, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. Incubation of lymphocytes with LKT at extremely low concentrations (0.001 toxic U/ml) or with pro-LKT did not alter their ultrastructure. Inclusion of 0.5 mMZnCl2in the medium blocked leukotoxin-induced ultrastructural changes in bovine lymphocytes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Low concentrations of LKT induce apoptosis and high concentrations induce oncotic cell lysis in bovine lymphocytes. The ability of low LKT concentrations to induce apoptosis in host leukocytes may allow bacteria to escape host immune surveillance and colonize the host. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:51–56)
Evaluation of intratesticular injection of glycerol for nonsurgical sterilization of dogs
Authors: Immegart Heidi M. , Threlfall Walter R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine efficacy of intratesticular
injection of glycerol as a means to sterilize dogs.

Animals—Six 2- to 4-year-old sexually intact male dogs.

Procedure—Testicular volume, serum testosterone
concentration, and number of sperm in ejaculate
were determined before and at weekly intervals for
12 weeks following intratesticular injection of a 70%
glycerol solution (1 ml/testis). Testicular tissue specimens
for histologic evaluation were obtained 4, 8,
and 12 weeks following injection.

Results—Number of sperm in ejaculate following glycerol
injection was not significantly different from number
before injection. Compared with preinjection values,
serum testosterone concentrations were significantly
less 5, 9, and 10 weeks following injection,
although libido and ejaculate characteristics were
unchanged. Testicular swelling was evident 24 to 48
hours following injection, and testicular volume
decreased starting on week 5 following treatment.
Seminiferous tubules and evidence of normal spermatogenesis
were detected in testicular biopsy specimens
obtained from all dogs 12 weeks following injection.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intratesticular
injection of a 70% glycerol solution did not result
in azoospermia and sterility in dogs. ( Am J Vet Res
2000;61:544–549)