bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining ambulance clinical response models: The impact on ambulance response and emergency department presentations
Authors: Nehme Emily , Smith Karen , Jones Colin , Cox Shelley , Cameron Peter , Nehme Ziad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe ambulance service in Victoria, Australia implemented a revised clinical response model (CRM) in 2016 which was designed to increase the diversion of low‐acuity Triple Zero (000) calls to secondary telephone triage and reduce emergency ambulance dispatches. The present study evaluates the influence of the revised CRM on emergency ambulance response times and ED presentations.MethodsA retrospective study of emergency calls for ambulance between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018. Ambulance data were linked with ED presentations occurring up to 48 h after contact. Interrupted time series analyses were used to evaluate the impact of the revised CRM.ResultsA total of 2 365 529 calls were included. The proportion allocated a Code 1 (time‐critical, lights/sirens) dispatch decreased from 56.6 to 41.0% after implementation of the revised CRM. The proportion of calls not receiving an emergency ambulance increased from 10.4 to 19.6%. Interrupted time series analyses demonstrated an improvement in Code 1 cases attended within 15 min (Key Performance Indicator). However, for patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest or requiring lights and sirens transport to hospital, there was no improvement in response time performance. By the end of the study period, there was also no difference in the proportion of callers presenting to ED when compared with the estimated proportion assuming the revised CRM had not been implemented.ConclusionThe revised CRM was associated with improved Code 1 response time performance. However, there was no improvement in response times for high acuity patients, and no change in the proportion of callers presenting to ED.
Does being a leader make them stay? Short‐ and long‐term effects of supervisory responsibility on turnover intentions
Authors: Funk Stephanie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmployers want to avoid fluctuation, especially when qualified personnel is involved. This raises the question of whether promoting employees into leadership positions with supervisory responsibility helps to retain them. Based on social exchange theory, this article predicts that in the short run, employees have lower turnover intentions due to reciprocal feelings. In the long run, following human capital theory, supervisory responsibility increases an employee's turnover intentions due to the general skills acquired in the leadership position. This article argues that human resource management (HRM) practices that enhance an individual's internal career development counteract this long‐term turnover‐increasing effect by offering employees internal advancement opportunities. This study empirically tests these predictions using German linked employer‐employee data. The results support the predicted short‐term turnover‐reducing and the long‐term turnover‐increasing effect of supervisory responsibility. The results also reveal that for long‐term supervisors appraisal interviews and development plans, two examples of HRM practices, counteract the effect by reducing an employee's intention to quit.
Protective effects of sugarcane polyphenol against UV‐B‐induced photoaging in Balb/c mouse skin: Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐glycosylation Effects
Authors: Wang Junru , Wang Min , Zhang Chengfeng , Li Wenhui , Zhang Tianyu , Zhou Yanv , Flavel Matthew , Xi Yu , Li He , Liu Xinqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough the benefits of sugarcane polyphenol (SP) are well documented, its function in preventing photoaging has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SP in preventing ultraviolet (UV)‐B‐induced skin photoaging in Balb/c mice, as well as the underlying mechanism. Chlorogenic acid was determined to be the primary component of SP by using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. SP and chlorogenic acid were orally administrated to mice for 56 days, and UV‐B radiation exposure was administered 14 days after SP and chlorogenic acid administration and lasted 42 days to cause photoaging. SP and chlorogenic acid administrations significantly alleviated the UV‐B‐induced mouse skin photoaging, as indicated by the decrease in epidermal thickness, increase in the collagen (COL) volume fraction, and elevation in type 1 and type 3 COL contents. Notably, both SP and chlorogenic acid effectively reversed the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase induced by UV‐B exposure in the mouse skin. Furthermore, SP and chlorogenic acid reduced the expression of receptor for advanced glycosylation end products in the mice; amplified the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase; reduced malondialdehyde levels; and decreased inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α levels. SP could be a prospective dietary supplement for anti‐photoaging applications due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐glycosylation attributes, and chlorogenic acid might play a major role in these effects.Practical ApplicationThis study can provide a scientific basis for the practical application of sugarcane polyphenols. We expect that sugarcane polyphenols can be used in food and beverage products to provide flavor while combating skin aging.
Implementation of a quality improvement strategy to optimise the management of community acquired pneumonia in a rural health setting
Authors: Sally Carrington , Gabrielle Chau , Sidony Miller Waugh , Christopher Symmons , Justin Titmarsh , Avent Minyon L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProblemIn Australia, inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials is higher in rural and regional areas than in major city hospitals. Inappropriate prescribing is defined as the prescription of antimicrobial agents that do not adhere to guidelines in terms of type of antimicrobial chosen, dose and/or duration or are deemed unnecessary. A review of antimicrobial prescribing in a Queensland rural Hospital and Health Service (HHS) identified that respiratory infections were an area for potential improvement.SettingThe study was performed in a rural HHS in Queensland.Key Measures for ImprovementAppropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing for baseline and post‐implementation phases of the study was evaluated according to Therapeutic Guidelines: antibiotic recommendations for community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Strategies for ChangeQuality improvement strategy to implement a multifaceted package of interventions for CAP.Effects of ChangePost‐implementation, overall appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing improved and there was a decrease in duration of antimicrobial therapy.Lessons LearntA quality improvement strategy to implement a multifaceted package of interventions for CAP has shown to be acceptable and effective in improving the antimicrobial prescribing in a rural setting. Our findings highlight the importance of utilising a multifaceted package of interventions which can be tailored to the prescribers and the patients at hand. It is also valuable to engage with local clinicians to promote the optimal management of common infections in the rural setting.
EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergy and asthma: The impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor air pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes and recommendations for mitigation measures
Authors: Agache Ioana , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Cecchi Lorenzo , Biagioni Benedetta , Chung Kian Fan , Clot Bernard , D'Amato Gennaro , Damialis Athanasios , del Giacco Stefano , Dominguez‐Ortega Javier , Galàn Carmen , Gilles Stefanie , Holgate Stephen , Jeebhay Mohamed , Kazadzis Stelios , Nadeau Kari , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Quirce Santiago , Sastre Joaquin , Tummon Fiona , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Walusiak‐Skorupa Jolanta , Jutel Marek , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe EAACI Guidelines on the impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes provide recommendations for prevention, patient care and mitigation in a framework supporting rational decisions for healthcare professionals and patients to individualize and improve asthma management and for policymakers and regulators as an evidence‐informed reference to help setting legally binding standards and goals for outdoor air quality at international, national and local levels. The Guideline was developed using the GRADE approach and evaluated outdoor pollutants referenced in the current Air Quality Guideline of the World Health Organization as single or mixed pollutants and outdoor pesticides. Short‐term exposure to all pollutants evaluated increases the risk of asthma‐related adverse outcomes, especially hospital admissions and emergency department visits (moderate certainty of evidence at specific lag days). There is limited evidence for the impact of traffic‐related air pollution and outdoor pesticides exposure as well as for the interventions to reduce emissions. Due to the quality of evidence, conditional recommendations were formulated for all pollutants and for the interventions reducing outdoor air pollution. Asthma management counselled by the current EAACI guidelines can improve asthma‐related outcomes but global measures for clean air are needed to achieve significant impact.
Targeting IL‐13 with tralokinumab normalizes type 2 inflammation in atopic dermatitis both early and at 2 years
Authors: Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Kabashima Kenji , Staumont‐Salle Delphine , Nahm Walter K. , Pauser Sylvia , Da Rosa Joel Correa , Martel Britta Cathrina , Madsen Daniel Elenius , Røpke Mads , Arlert Petra , Steffensen Louise , Blauvelt Andrew , Reich Kristian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTralokinumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically neutralizes interleukin (IL)‐13, a key driver of skin inflammation and barrier abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (AD). This study evaluated early and 2‐year impacts of IL‐13 neutralization on skin and serum biomarkers following tralokinumab treatment in adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsSkin biopsies and blood samples were evaluated from a subset of patients enrolled in the Phase 3 ECZTRA 1 (NCT03131648) and the long‐term extension ECZTEND (NCT03587805) trials. Gene expression was assessed by RNA sequencing; protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoassay.ResultsTralokinumab improved the transcriptomic profile of lesional skin by Week 4. Mean improvements in the expression of genes dysregulated in AD were 39% at Week 16 and 85% at 2 years with tralokinumab, with 15% worsening at Week 16 with placebo. At Week 16, tralokinumab significantly decreased type 2 serum biomarkers (CCL17/TARC, periostin, and IgE), reduced epidermal thickness versus placebo, and increased loricrin coverage versus baseline. Two years of tralokinumab treatment significantly reduced expression of genes in the Th2 (IL4R, IL31, CCL17, and CCL26), Th1 (IFNG), and Th17/Th22 (IL22, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9) pathways as well as increased expression of epidermal differentiation and barrier genes (CLDN1 and LOR). Tralokinumab also shifted atherosclerosis signaling pathway genes (SELE, IL‐37, and S100A8) toward non‐lesional expression.ConclusionTralokinumab treatment improved epidermal pathology, reduced systemic markers of type 2 inflammation, and shifted expression of key AD biomarkers in skin towards non‐lesional levels, further highlighting the key role of IL‐13 in the pathogenesis of AD.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT03131648, NCT03587805.
Language development beyond the here‐and‐now: Iconicity and displacement in child‐directed communication
Authors: Motamedi Yasamin , Murgiano Margherita , Grzyb Beata , Gu Yan , Kewenig Viktor , Brieke Ricarda , Donnellan Ed , Marshall Chloe , Wonnacott Elizabeth , Perniss Pamela , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMost language use is displaced, referring to past, future, or hypothetical events, posing the challenge of how children learn what words refer to when the referent is not physically available. One possibility is that iconic cues that imagistically evoke properties of absent referents support learning when referents are displaced. In an audio‐visual corpus of caregiver–child dyads, English‐speaking caregivers interacted with their children (N = 71, 24–58 months) in contexts in which the objects talked about were either familiar or unfamiliar to the child, and either physically present or displaced. The analysis of the range of vocal, manual, and looking behaviors caregivers produced suggests that caregivers used iconic cues especially in displaced contexts and for unfamiliar objects, using other cues when objects were present.
The potential influence of genome‐wide adaptive divergence on conservation translocation outcome in an isolated greater sage‐grouse population
Authors: Zimmerman Shawna J. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Schroeder Michael A. , Fike Jennifer A. , Cornman Robert Scott , Oyler‐McCance Sara J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConservation translocations are an important conservation tool commonly employed to augment declining or reestablish extirpated populations. One goal of augmentation is to increase genetic diversity and reduce the risk of inbreeding depression (i.e., genetic rescue). However, introducing individuals from significantly diverged populations risks disrupting coadapted traits and reducing local fitness (i.e., outbreeding depression). Genetic data are increasingly more accessible for wildlife species and can provide unique insight regarding the presence and retention of introduced genetic variation from augmentation as an indicator of effectiveness and adaptive similarity as an indicator of source and recipient population suitability. We used 2 genetic data sets to evaluate augmentation of isolated populations of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the northwestern region of the species range (Washington, USA) and to retrospectively evaluate adaptive divergence among source and recipient populations. We developed 2 statistical models for microsatellite data to evaluate augmentation outcomes. We used one model to predict genetic diversity after augmentation and compared these predictions with observations of genetic change. We used the second model to quantify the amount of observed reproduction attributed to transplants (proof of population integration). We also characterized genome‐wide adaptive divergence among source and recipient populations. Observed genetic diversity (HO = 0.65) was higher in the recipient population than predicted had no augmentation occurred (HO = 0.58) but less than what was predicted by our model (HO = 0.75). The amount of shared genetic variation between the 2 geographically isolated resident populations increased, which is evidence of periodic gene flow previously assumed to be rare. Among candidate adaptive genes associated with elevated fixation index (FST) (143 genes) or local environmental variables (97 and 157 genes for each genotype–environment association method, respectively), we found clusters of genes with related functions that may influence the ability of transplants to use local resources and navigate unfamiliar environments and their reproductive potential, all possible reasons for low genetic retention from augmentation.
Assessment of the quality of online patient information resources for patients considering parastomal hernia treatment
Authors: Blackwell Sue , Clifford Scott , Pinkney Thomas , Thompson Dean , Mathers Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe aim was to examine the quality of online patient information resources for patients considering parastomal hernia treatment.MethodsA Google search was conducted using lay search terms for patient facing sources on parastomal hernia. The quality of the content was assessed using the validated DISCERN instrument. Readability of written content was established using the Flesch–Kincaid score. Sources were also assessed against the essential content and process standards from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) framework for shared decision making support tools. Content analysis was also undertaken to explore what the sources covered and to identify any commonalities across the content.ResultsFourteen sources were identified and assessed using the identified tools. The mean Flesch–Kincaid reading ease score was 43.61, suggesting that the information was difficult to read. The overall quality of the identified sources was low based on the pooled analysis of the DISCERN and Flesch–Kincaid scores, and when assessed against the criteria in the NICE standards framework for shared decision making tools. Content analysis identified eight categories encompassing 59 codes, which highlighted considerable variation between sources.ConclusionsThe current information available to patients considering parastomal hernia treatment is of low quality and often does not contain enough information on treatment options for patients to be able to make an informed decision about the best treatment for them. There is a need for high‐quality information, ideally co‐produced with patients, to provide patients with the necessary information to allow them to make informed decisions about their treatment options when faced with a symptomatic parastomal hernia.
Sociodemographic disparities in sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor use among US kidney transplant recipients: An observational study of real‐world pharmacy records
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Miyata Kana N. , Lam Ngan N. , Joseph Corey , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara , Bae Sunjae , Chen Yusi , Caliskan Yasar , Sarabu Nagaraju , Dhindsa Sandeep , Xiao Huiling , Segev Dorry L. , Axelrod David A. , Schnitzler Mark A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent clinical trials demonstrate benefits of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with chronic kidney disease, but data on use in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients are limited.MethodsWe examined a novel database linking SRTR registry data for KTx recipients (2000–2021) with outpatient fill records from a large pharmaceutical claims warehouse (2015–2021). Adult (≥18 years) KTx recipients treated with SGLT2i were compared to those who received other noninsulin diabetes medications without SGLT2i. Characteristics associated with SGLT2i use were quantified by multivariable logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio, 95%LCLaOR95%UCL).ResultsAmong 18 988 KTx recipients treated with noninsulin diabetes agents in the study period, 2224 filled an SGLT2i. Mean time from KTx to prescription was 6.7 years for SGLT2i versus 4.7 years for non‐SGLT2i medications. SGLT2i use was more common in Asian adults (aOR, 1.091.311.58) and those aged > 30–59 years (compared with 18–30 years) or with BMI > 35 kg/m2 (aOR, 1.191.411.67), and trended higher with self‐pay status. SGLT2i use was lower among KTx recipients who were women (aOR, .79.87.96), Black (aOR, .77.881.00) and other (aOR, .52.751.07) race, publicly insured (aOR, .82.921.03), or with less than college education (aOR, .78.87.96), and trended lower in those age 75 years and older. SGLT2i use in KTx patients increased dramatically in 2019–2021 (aOR, 5.015.636.33 vs. prior years).ConclusionSGLT2i use is increasing in KTx recipients but varies with factors including race, education, and insurance. While ongoing study is needed to define risks and benefits of SGLT2i use in KTx patients, attention should also focus on reducing treatment disparities related to sociodemographic traits.
Recurrent inverse necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis
Authors: Ibraheim Marina Kristy , Storey Leslie , North Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNecrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis (NICF) is a rare type of necrotizing folliculitis. The disease typically manifests as folliculocentric papules arising in a seborrheic distribution. Only 23 cases exist in the literature. Most reported cases have arisen spontaneously, but a small number of drug‐induced cases in the setting of epidermal‐derived growth factor, vascular endothelial‐derived growth factor, or PD‐1 inhibitor therapy have been reported. Colonization by bacteria and/or yeast occurs frequently. The etiology remains unknown, but some suggest a complex interplay with an aberrant microbiome, sebaceous gland dysfunction, and perturbed EGFR signaling in follicular infundibula. Histopathologic findings include rupture of follicular epithelium, neutrophilic inflammation, and nodular cup‐shaped crystal deposits. We present a case of spontaneous, recurrent NICF in an inverse pattern in the inguinal region.
Who matters and why? The contributions of different sources of social support to doctoral students' academic engagement
Authors: Cao Fei , Li Huan , Chen Xin , You Yanwei , Xue Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial support is a crucial factor in the academic engagement of doctoral students, which is vital to their overall success. While past studies have mostly focused on the support from doctoral supervisors, support from other significant groups, including institutions, peers and families, has been largely neglected, and even no study has investigated their contributions to doctoral students' development. Drawing from the job demands‐resources model, this study investigated the contributions of different sources (institutions, supervisors, peers and families) of social support to doctoral students' academic engagement. It further examined the mediating role of grit within these relationships. A sample of 472 doctoral students across various disciplines from 10 universities in mainland China responded to an online survey. Results showed that institutional support and supervisory support positively predicted doctoral students' academic engagement, while peer support and family support did not significantly predict academic engagement. Furthermore, grit was found to mediate the relationship between support from institutions and supervisors and academic engagement. Practical implications for higher education institutions, doctoral supervisors and programs are discussed.
Association of diabetes mellitus with dementia‐ and non‐dementia‐related mortality amongst women: a secondary competing risks analysis of the California Teachers Study
Authors: Morgan Cathleen , Annegers Bradon , Taylor Matthew K. , Shuger Fox Sara , Titcomb Tyler J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe prevalence of dementia is rapidly increasing. Attempts to further understand modifiable risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM) are urgently needed to inform public health policies for prevention. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess the relationship between DM and risk of dementia and non‐dementia mortality amongst women in the California Teachers Study prospective cohort.MethodsWomen (n = 124,509) aged 22–104 years at baseline were included. DM was ascertained from self‐reported questionnaires and hospital‐linked records. Dementia‐related deaths were ascertained from state and national records. Competing risk regression models were used to estimate cause‐specific hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of DM with dementia‐ and non‐dementia‐related mortality.ResultsThere were 10,511 total DM cases and 3625 deaths due to dementia over a mean of 21.3 years of follow‐up. Fully adjusted cause‐specific hazard ratios of the association with DM were 2.26 (2.01, 2.55) for dementia‐related and 1.97 (1.89, 2.05) for the competing risk of non‐dementia‐related mortality. This association was strongest amongst participants with incident DM, younger age at baseline and higher alcohol consumption or who were overweight.ConclusionsIn the California Teachers Study, women with DM had increased risk of mortality due to both dementia and non‐dementia causes; however, the risk of mortality due to dementia was elevated compared to non‐dementia causes only amongst participants with incident DM.