bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IgD CH1 region contains the binding site for the human respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis IgD‐binding protein MID
Authors: Samuelsson Martin , Jendholm Johan , Amisten Stefan , Morrison Sherie L. , Forsgren Arne , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Moraxella catarrhalis IgD‐binding protein (MID) has a unique specificity for human IgD, and the sequence with maximal IgD binding is located within the amino acids MID962–1200. In the present paper, we examined the MID binding site on IgD using a series of recombinant Ig. Full‐length IgD, IgD F(ab’)2, and an IgD F(ab’) C290R mutant lacking the inter‐heavy‐chain cysteine 290 were manufactured. Furthermore, a series of IgD/IgG chimeras were constructed. ELISA, dot blot and flow cytometry were used to study the binding of purified Ig to native MID, recombinant MID962–1200 or to Moraxella with or without MID. MID962–1200 bound both the IgD F(ab’)2 and F(ab’) C290R, indicating that the binding occurred independently of antibody structure. When amino acids 157–224 of the IgD CH1 region were substituted with IgG sequences, binding by M. catarrhalis or recombinant MID962–1200 was abolished. Subsequent smaller substitutions of IgD CH1 157–224 with IgG sequences led us to conclude that IgD CH1 amino acids 198–206 were crucial for the interaction between MID and IgD.
Hierarchy of eosinophil chemoattractants: role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Schratl Petra , Sturm Eva M. , Royer Julia F. , Sturm Gunter J. , Lippe Irmgard T. , Peskar Bernhard A. , Heinemann Akos 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeveral chemoattractants can regulate the recruitment of eosinophils to sites of inflammation, but the hierarchy among them is unknown. We observed here that eosinophil chemotaxis towards eotaxin or 5‐oxo‐6,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (5‐oxo‐ETE) was amplified up to sixfold in the presence of prostaglandin (PG) D2. This effect was only seen in eosinophils, and not in neutrophils or basophils. Pretreatment with the chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist ramatroban prevented the PGD2enhancement of eosinophil migrations. In contrast, eotaxin or 5‐oxo‐ETE inhibited the migration of eosinophils towards PGD2. 5‐oxo‐ETE enhanced the chemotaxis to eotaxin, while eotaxin had no effect on 5‐oxo‐ETE‐induced migration. 5‐oxo‐ETE induced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and inhibition of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase by SB‐202190 converted the effect of 5‐oxo‐ETE on the chemotaxis to PGD2from inhibition to enhancement. The presence of blood or plasma markedly decreased the sensitivity of eosinophils to eotaxin or 5‐oxo‐ETE, while responses to PGD2were unaltered. In conclusion, PGD2might be an initial chemoattractant, since it maintains its potency in the circulation and augments the responsiveness of eosinophils to other chemoattractants. In contrast, eotaxin seems to be an end‐point chemoattractant, since it has reduced efficacy in blood and is capable of down‐modulating eosinophil responsiveness to other chemoattractants.
Antibody‐independent B cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic roles for CD21/35
Authors: Rossbacher Joerg , Haberman Ann M. , Neschen Susanne , Khalil Ashraf , Shlomchik Mark J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMice lacking C3, C4 or complement receptor 1/2 (Cr) have defective germinal centers (GC). The requirement for C4 implicates complement fixation by immune complexes (IC) via the classical pathway. Yet, transgenic (Tg) mice that lack circulating antibody but still express membrane IgM (mIgM) have normal GC responses. We showed previously that cross‐linking mIgM leads to the deposition of C3 on the B cell surface and that disruption of this pathway diminishes GC responses. Here, we investigate the role of Cr in this process by generating mIgM‐Tg mice that lack Cr and serum Ig. These mIgM/Cr–/– mice have smaller, transient GC, with incomplete B cell receptor down‐regulation and peanut agglutinin up‐regulation, compared to mIgM/Crwt counterparts. BM chimera experiments showed that Cr on B cells is required for normal GC responses. These results establish that Cr ligands generated at the B cell surface are sufficient for normal GC responses and function by signaling Cr on B cells. Unexpectedly, chimera experiments also showed a critical role for Cr on follicular dendritic cells (FDC), even in the absence of IC, indicating novel functions for FDC‐expressed Cr beyond the capture of C3‐coated IC.
Development of nephritis but not sialadenitis in autoimmune‐prone BAFF transgenic mice lacking marginal zone B cells
Authors: Fletcher Carrie A. , Sutherland Andrew P. R. , Groom Joanna R. , Batten Marcel L. , Ng Lai Guan , Gommerman Jennifer , Mackay Fabienne 
Published: August 2006

AbstractB cell‐activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) is a B cell survival factor required for B cell maturation. BAFF transgenic (Tg) mice develop autoimmune disorders characterized by autoantibody production, which leads to nephritis and salivary gland destruction (sialadenitis), features reminiscent of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), respectively. Disease in BAFF Tg mice correlates with the expansion of the marginal zone (MZ) B cell compartment and the abnormal presence of MZ‐like B cells in the blood, LN and inflamed salivary glands, suggesting a role for these cells in BAFF‐induced autoimmunity. Lymphotoxin‐β (LTβ)‐deficient mice show disrupted splenic architecture, lack MZ B cells and some peripheral LN, and are unable to mount T cell‐dependent immune responses. BAFF Tg mice lacking LTβ (LTβ▵‐BTg) retained these defects, yet still developed nephritis associated with the presence of B‐1 B cells in the kidneys. However, in contrast to old BAFF Tg mice, aging LTβ▵‐BTg mice no longer developed sialadenitis. Thus, autoimmune disorders in BAFF Tg mice are possibly events coordinated by MZ and B‐1 B cells at separate anatomical sites.
Kinetic Evaluation of Ligand Hemilability in Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Bassetti Mauro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHemilability is the property of hybrid ligands to undergo a reversible metal chelate opening process by rupture of the weakest coordinative bond, yielding a coordinatively unsaturated complex. While experimental evidences of the process rely on the observation of fluxional behavior in the metal complex or on the spectroscopic detection of the species with different chelating bites, various effects are speculatively attributed to hemilability. In this review, this property is discussed in the context of its effects on the rate and mechanisms of bimolecular reactions. Examples of kinetics performed on ligand substitution, oxidative addition, alkyne tautomerization, and dehydrobromination reactions illustrate that the ligand hemilability process can be detected through simple kinetic analyses and can be quantitatively evaluated with respect to alternative reaction pathways. Since this concept affects various fields of chemistry, e.g. catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, molecular sensing, and materials, the kinetic approach may assist the rational design of ligands with the expected properties.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cobaloximes with Pyrazine and Their Dimetallic Complexes
Authors: Mandal Debaprasad , Gupta Bhagwan D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMono‐ and dinuclear cobaloximes with inorganic anions and pyrazine (Pz) as a base/bridging ligand were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy and X‐ray structure analysis. Mononuclear complexes XCo(dioxime)2Pz were used as precursors for building homo‐ and heterodimetallic complexes. The X‐ray crystal structures of ClCo(dmgH)2Pz, ClCo(dpgH)2Pz, [Co(dpgH)2(NO2)2]Na, and [Co(dmgH)2(NO2)2]2[Ag]2·H2O are reported. [Co(dmgH)2(NO2)2]2[Ag]2·H2O shows two AgI ions in different environments: one is in tetrahedral, whereas the other is in capped trigonal coordination and the metal‐organic framework in this molecule shows helical structure. A cyclic voltammetry study in [XCo(dioxime)2]2‐μ‐Pz and XCo(dioxime)2Pz [dioxime = dmgH (dimethylglyoximato), dpgH (diphenylglyoximato)] is reported. The reduction, CoIII to CoII and CoII to CoI, is found to be more difficult in [XCo(dpgH)2]2‐μ‐Pz than in XCo(dpgH)2Pz. The CV data have been interpreted in terms of cobalt anisotropy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Substituted Ring‐Fused Yttrium Derivatives – X‐ray Crystal Structures of [(L′YCl2·THF)2LiCl·2THF] and [{L′YCl(OH)}6·2THF] (L′ = 2‐Phenyl‐4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroazulenyl)
Authors: Paolucci Gino , Vignola Manuela , Zanella Alessandra , Bertolasi Valerio , Polo Eleonora , Sostero Silvana 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reaction of lithium salts of ring‐fused ligands (L), where the ring fused to the cyclopentadienyl moiety is a saturated one (six, seven, or eight carbon atoms), with YCl3 in THF in 2:1 and 1:1 molar ratios affords complexes of formula [L2YCl]2 and [(LYCl2·THF)2LiCl·2THF], respectively. Here we report the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and X‐ray crystal structure of [(L′YCl2·THF)2LiCl·2THF] (L′ = 2‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroazulenyl), together with the crystal structure of the hexameric species [{L′YCl(OH)}6·2THF], which was quite unexpectedly isolated during the attempted crystallization of the latter complex and is probably formed by partial hydrolysis of that complex. The activity of the new complexes towards ethylene and 1‐hexene polymerization reactions was also tested. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium Salts from Phenylchlorocarbene and 2‐Pyridyl Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism and Effect of Rotamerism
Authors: Bonneau Roland , Guionneau Philippe 
Published: August 2006

Abstract3‐Phenylimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium salts are easily prepared in excellent yield by thermolysis of phenylchlorodiazirine in the presence of 2‐pyridyl Schiff bases (2‐Pyr‐CH=NR, where R is an aromatic or alkyl group). When the reaction is conducted in an alkane solvent, the salts precipitate and are easily obtained with a high level of purity after filtration and repeated washing of the precipitate with a nonpolar solvent. A laser‐flash photolysis study of the reaction mechanism reveals that the phenylchlorocarbene produced by decomposition of the diazirine reacts with the Schiff base to give two different ylides. The intramolecular cyclization of these two ylides yields the same intermediate product, which rapidly eliminates a chlorine anion. Neither semi‐empirical calculations of the energy barriers for the formation and cyclization of the various possible ylides, nor comparison of their calculated and experimental absorption spectra, allow us to determine whether the two ylides are rotamers of a pyridinium ylide or a pyridinium ylide and an iminium ylide. Only the comparison of systems where R is a cyclohexyl or a tert‐butyl group indicates that the two ylides are rotamers of a pyridinium ylide.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Substituent Effects in the Ring–Chain Tautomerism of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐arylnaphth[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazines
Authors: Tóth Diána , Szatmári István , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNew 1‐(1‐aminoalkyl)‐2‐naphthols 8–11 have been synthesised by the condensation of 2‐naphthol with aliphaticaldehydes in the presence of ammonia, followed by acidic hydrolysis. The condensation of 7–11 with substitutedbenzaldehydes after microwave irradiation led to1‐alkyl‐3‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐naphth[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazines,which proved to be three‐component (rt‐o‐rc) tautomeric mixtures in CDCl3 at 300 K. The electronic effects of the 1‐alkyl and 3‐aryl groups on the tautomeric ratios could be determined for both the ringtrans–chain and the ringcis–chain equilibria with the aid of two‐variant linear equations. A significant difference was found between the coefficients of the Meyer parameter Va, which characterises the volume of the portion of the alkyl substituent within 0.3 nm of the reaction centre, for ringtrans–chain and ringcis–chain equilibria, and this is explained in terms of the stereoelectronic effect caused by the alkyl substituent at position 1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Comprehensive genome and transcriptome analysis of the 11q13 amplicon in human oral cancer and synteny to the 7F5 amplicon in murine oral carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xin , Godfrey Tony E. , Gooding William E. , McCarty Kenneth S. , Gollin Susanne M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract11q13 amplification occurs in a wide variety of tumors, including almost half of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) where it has been correlated with a poor outcome. In this study, we compiled 3.6 Mb of DNA sequence in the 11q13 amplicon core and refined the physical map of the amplicon. In the process, we determined the genomic structure and normal tissue expression patterns of two recently identified genes, TAOS2/TMEM16A and MRGF, which reside in the amplicon core. We then quantified DNA copy number and mRNA expression of all genes in the 11q13 amplicon in cell lines and primary tumors from OSCC. With the exception of FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, and MRGF, all genes were overexpressed in most tumors with genomic amplification. Furthermore, we found that the expression of genes in the amplicon appeared to be highly coordinated, making it difficult to determine which gene or genes are driving amplification. However, in nonamplified primary tumors, three genes, TAOS2/TMEM16A, OCIM, and TPCN2, are frequently overexpressed, whereas CCND1 and EMS1 are not. These results suggest that in addition to CCND1 and EMS1, other important genes also may be target genes driving 11q13 amplification. We hypothesize that 11q13 amplification may be driven by a cassette of genes that provide growth or metastatic advantage to cancer cells. This is supported by the finding that the human 11q13 amplicon core is syntenic to mouse chromosomal band 7F5, which is frequently amplified in chemically induced murine OSCC. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ordovician graptolite evolutionary radiation: a review
Authors: Xu Chen , Yuan‐Dong Zhang , Jun‐Xuan Fan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBased on the global graptolite genera and higher rank taxa, we propose three radiation stages through the Ordovician. The isograptid type of development is present within anisograptids predominating in the Tremadocian. Thus, the evolutionary radiation of the Anisograptid fauna from Tremadocian is proposed as the beginning of the Ordovician graptolite radiation. The second graptolite radiation event is the radiation of the Dichograptid fauna, which began from the T. fruticosus Biozone. The third radiation event, the radiation of Diplograptid fauna began immediately after that of the dichograptids. This radiation includes the peak in total diversity of all the Ordovician graptoloids in the Nemagraptus gracilis Biozone. The radiation extended through the Sandbian and Katian and then was interrupted by a major extinction during the early Hirnantian. Thus, the Ordovician graptolite radiation events coincide with those of the three graptolite faunas proposed by Bulman. The distribution and expansion of the Ordovician graptolites in South China may exemplify the graptolite origination pattern, which begins from the slope belt and expanded into both the shelf and oceanic zones. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulation of TLR9 with CpG ODN enhances apoptosis of glioma and prolongs the survival of mice with experimental brain tumors
Authors: Andaloussi Abdeljabar El , Sonabend Adam M. , Han Yu , Lesniak Maciej S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize a set of conserved molecular structures, so called pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, which allow them to sense and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we examined the expression of TLRs in both human and murine glioma. We then analyzed the change in TLR expression after treatment with synthetic phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODNs), strong activators of both innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, we investigated the in vivo effect of CpG injection into C57BL/6 mice implanted with syngeneic GL261 glioma. Our results indicate that TLR9 is overexpressed in human and murine glioma cell lines and CpG stimulation prolongs the survival of mice with experimental brain tumors. CpGs induce TLR9 down‐regulation, followed by apoptosis of GL261 cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, the effects of CpG stimulation appear to enhance the antigen presenting capacity of microglia, shift the immune response toward CD8+ T cells, and decrease the number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Taken together, our data support the role of CpG in glioma immunotherapy and provide a rationale for further clinical development of CpG therapy in patients with malignant glioma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steroids and glial cell function
Authors: Garcia‐Segura Luis M. , Melcangi Roberto C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHormonal and locally produced steroids act in the nervous system as neuroendocrine regulators, as trophic factors and as neuromodulators and have a major impact on neural development and function. Glial cells play a prominent role in the local production of steroids and in the mediation of steroid effects on neurons and other glial cells. In this review, we examine the role of glia in the synthesis and metabolism of steroids and the functional implications of glial steroidogenesis. We analyze the mechanisms of steroid signaling on glia, including the role of nuclear receptors and the mechanisms of membrane and cytoplasmic signaling mediated by changes in intracellular calcium levels and activation of signaling kinases. Effects of steroids on functional parameters of glia, such as proliferation, myelin formation, metabolism, cytoskeletal reorganization, and gliosis are also reviewed, as well as the implications of steroid actions on glia for the regulation of synaptic function and connectivity, the regulation of neuroendocrine events, and the response of neural tissue to injury. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of ultrasonically activated shears in thyroid surgery
Authors: Karvounaris Dimitrios C. , Antonopoulos Vassilios , Psarras Kyriakos , Sakadamis Athanasios 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonically activated shears (UAS) in hemostasis as well as its safety in regard to complications in thyroid surgery.Methods.Three hundred patients who had undergone surgery on the thyroid gland were divided into 2 groups of 150 patients each. Hemostasis as well as division of blood vessels and thyroid tissue were performed with the use of UAS in the first group and by conventional ligations in the second group.Results.The use of UAS resulted in as much as a 39.7% reduction in the operative time of the total thyroidectomy and a 30.8% reduction of the lobectomy (p < .001). However, there was no important difference in the postoperative blood loss in either the temporary hypoparathyroidism or the paresis of recurrent laryngeal nerves.Conclusions.The use of UAS in thyroid surgery is a safe method for hemostasis, as well as for the division of blood vessels and thyroid tissue. It leads to the reduction of the total operative time without serious complications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Radiation‐induced xerostomia
Authors: Chambers Mark S. , Rosenthal David I. , Weber Randal S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground.Radiation‐induced xerostomia is a frequent and usually permanent side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. We summarize recent developments in the prevention and treatment of radiation‐induced xerostomia.Methods.The Medline database was searched for articles published within the past 10 years on the prevention and treatment of postirradiation xerostomia. Proceedings of recent important national meetings and government Web registries of clinical trials and therapeutic agents were also consulted. Priority was given to randomized controlled trials but, because of the scarcity of such trials, small open trials were included in this review. No other predetermined selection criteria were used, although articles exploring the effects of xerostomia and its treatment on quality of life were considered of special interest.Results.A variety of preventive approaches for postirradiation xerostomia exist, involving more conformal radiation delivery technology, radioprotective agents, and even preirradiation surgical techniques. Therapeutic interventions include supportive care, saliva supplementation, and the use of procholinergic salivary secretagogues.Conclusions.Radiation‐induced xerostomia constitutes a significant morbidity after orofacial irradiation. Careful preventive techniques, meticulous supportive care, and new preventive and therapeutic agents may prove useful in combination. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Nutritional factors and survival of patients with oral cancer
Authors: Liu Shih‐An , Tsai Wen‐Chen , Wong Yong‐Kie , Lin Jin‐Ching , Poon Chiu‐Kwan , Chao Shou‐Yee , Hsiao Ying‐Lyung , Chan Man‐Yee , Cheng Chi‐Sheng , Wang Chen‐Chi , Wang Ching‐Ping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground.Our objective was to determine the survival rate of patients with oral cancer who were treated at a medical center in central Taiwan. Furthermore, we attempted to investigate whether nutritional factors influence the survival.Methods.We carried out a retrospective review of 1010 chart records of patients with oral cancer. We used the Kaplan–Meier method for survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the prognosticators.Results.Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed an overall 5‐year survival rate of 63.24%. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that those with a preoperative body mass index (BMI) of <22.8 kg/m2 tended to have a higher probability of death (relative risk [RR] = 1.292, p = .022). In addition, those with a preoperative serum albumin level of <4.15 g/dL were generally associated with a poorer prognosis (RR = 1.313, p = .016).Conclusions.Apart from clinical features, nutritional factors also had a significant influence on the survival of patients with oral cancer. Therefore, good nutritional status is crucial for patients with oral cancer in improving their survival. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: Established models and rationale for selection
Authors: Lin Charles J. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Carey Thomas E. , Gollin Susanne M. , Whiteside Theresa L. , Koch Wayne M. , Ferris Robert L. , Lai Stephen Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground.Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines are important preclinical models in the search for novel and targeted therapies to treat head and neck cancer. Unlike many other cancer types, a wide variety of primary and metastatic HNSCC cell lines are available. An easily accessible guide that organizes important characteristics of HNSCC cell lines would be valuable for the selection of appropriate HNSCC cell lines for in vitro or in vivo studies.Methods.A literature search was performed.Results.Cell growth and culture parameters from HNSCC cell lines were catalogued into tables or lists of selected characteristics. Methods for establishing cancer cell lines and basic cell culture maintenance techniques were reviewed.Conclusions.A compendium of HNSCC cell line characteristics is useful for organizing the accumulating information regarding cell line characteristics to assist investigators with the development of appropriate preclinical models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006