bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ileocaeco‐urethroplasty after Total Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: ALCINI E. , VINCENZONI M. , DESTITO A. , D'ADDESSI A. , CASTIGLIONI G. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Eleven cases of ileocaeco‐urethroplasty, performed over a 2‐year period, are presented. The patients had low grade bladder cancer infiltrating into but not extending beyond the muscle layer (B‐T3a). Following radiotherapy a total cystectomy was performed up to the verumontanum; afterwards the prostatic cuff was anastomosed to an ileocaecal segment.The patients have been followed up for 13 to 39 months. One died from metastases after 30 months. The others are alive and in good psychological condition, with satisfactory micturition. We believe this surgical option deserves more careful consideration.
The Value of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Management of Metastatic Germ Cell Tumours
Authors: OLIVER R. T. D. , HIGHMAN W. J. , KELLETT M. J. , CURLING O. M. , DACIE J. E. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Review of 19 patients with advanced metastatic malignant teratomas has revealed five serious complications possibly related to the surgical biopsy procedure, three of which led to the patient's death.Preliminary results from a small series of patients diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology suggest that this procedure is a reliable alternative method for diagnosing these patients. In addition, when used after chemotherapy this procedure may save patients with residual malignancy from having to undergo post‐treatment surgical staging. However, the absence of malignant cells in the aspirate cannot exclude malignancy because of the focal distribution of residual tumour in these masses.
Renal Stones in Children in Pakistan
Authors: RIZVI S. A. , NAQVI S. A. , HUSSAIN Z. , SHAHJEHAN S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred and fifty children up to the age of 12 years with documented evidence of renal or ureteric stones were studied between July 1973 and June 1983.The peak age group was between 10 and 12 years, the male to female ratio being 1.9:l. Abdominal pain was the commonest presenting symptom (66.6%). Asymptomatic stones or vague symptoms in 23 patients warrant a higher index of suspicion of renal stone disease in children. Thirty patients had associated renal insufficiency. One third of the children had a positive urine culture, Proteus spp. being the commonest organism. Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract were seen in 12% of patients. In the majority (59%), aetiological factors related to stone formation could not be identified.One hundred and thirty patients underwent surgery for removal of stones. Analysis of calculi by X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy revealed that stones were predominantly of mixed type, calcium oxalate being the commonest compound. The overall recurrence rate following surgical removal was 15%.
The Importance of Recognising Renal Oncocytomas
Authors: LAWRENCE W. T. , BAJALLAN N. M. S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Oncocytomas of the kidney are infrequently reported tumours. They have distinct clinical and pathological features, but most cases have been discovered retrospectively. Nine series have been analysed (including four cases in Norwich) to define the features of these tumours. One of our cases is noteworthy because it is the largest individually reported tumour of this type and it contained a large cyst.Oncocytomas are benign and have an excellent prognosis. Failure to identify this subgroup may bias the perceived effectiveness of treatment for renal carcinoma.
Micturition Disturbance in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: FITZMAURICE HELEN , FOWLER C. J. , RICKARDS D. , KIRBY R. S. , QUINN N. P. , MARSDEN C. D. , MILROY E. J. G. , TURNER‐WARWICK R. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Ten men with longstanding idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) were investigated by urodynamic and electromyographic methods. The urodynamic studies were repeated after stopping anti‐Parkinsonian medication for several hours. All patients showed a difference between the two studies, but the changes were unpredictable.Three patients who had high residual urine volumes in both studies were thought to have prostatic obstruction.EMG analysis showed no evidence of a lower motor neurone lesion affecting the striated urethral sphincter.It was concluded that micturition difficulty in the patient with IPD is due to detrusor hyperreflexia, influenced by the basal ganglia, which is not associated with impaired striated urethral sphincter activity.
Mitomycin C in Superficial Bladder Cancer: 24‐month Follow‐up
Authors: SOMERVILLE J. J. F. , NEWLING D. W. W. , RICHARDS B. , ROBINSON M. R. G. , SMITH P. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐three patients who were given intravesical Mitomycin C for treatment of superficial bladder cancer have been followed up for a further 12 and 24 months after an initial assessment 5 weeks after completing therapy. At 5 weeks 17 (74%) showed complete disappearance of tumour and 4(17%) showed a partial response. Twelve months later 8 (35%) remained tumour‐free and 15 (65%) had recurrences; 5 of these (22% of all patients) had progressed to invasive cancer. The results at 24 months were little different except that one further patient (27% in all) progressed to invasive cancer.Six patients with symptomatic carcinoma in situ became symptom‐free after Mitomycin C, but despite remaining free of symptoms three have progressed to invasive cancer.This small series shows that involvement of large areas of bladder urothelium by tumour, carcinoma in situ and previous therapy for tumour are unfavourable prognostic indices.
Long‐term Results of Two‐stage Urethroplasty
Authors: SOMERVILLE J. J. F. , ADEYEMI O. A. , CLARK P. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Forty‐two patients undergoing a two‐stage urethroplasty for stricture were reviewed and the long‐term sequelae of 30 patients followed up for a minimum period of 1 year (mean 6.3, range 1–14) are presented.Twenty‐six patients (87%) were considerably improved, with only minor or no symptoms. Three patients (10%) continued to require treatment for urethral stone or recurrence of stricture and one patient was incontinent. The stricture was eradicated in 28 patients (93%).The late sequelae showed that perineal fistula may not develop until 2 years after the second‐stage repair, urethral stone formation until 8 years and recurrence of stricture until 12 years after the second stage. This late onset of sequelae emphasises the importance of long‐term follow‐up in these patients.
A Single Plasma Sample Method to Assess Disease Activity in Patients with Bone Metastases from Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: NISBET A. P. , SHAW P. J. , BLACKFORD N. , EDWARDS S. , FOGELMAN I. , LAZARUS C. , MAISEY M. N. , MASHITER G. D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A single blood sample method was used to measure total skeletal activity during routine radionuclide bone scans in 114 patients with known carcinoma of the prostate. The method is based on the measurement of radioactivity in plasma after administration of 99mTc MDP and 51Cr EDTA, providing an assessment of total skeletal activity independent of renal function.The results showed a significant elevation of skeletal activity in patients with untreated bone metastases when compared with patients with no metastatic spread. Significant elevation with increasing extent of metastases was also shown, the highest activity being in patients with diffuse metastatic spread (superscan). Patients with treated metastatic disease showed significantly lower skeletal activity than patients with untreated bone metastases.The method requires the use of two radiopharmaceuticals injected as a mixture and potential errors may arise from pharmaceutical instability. In addition, elevation of total skeletal activity may be caused by coexistent metabolic bone disease.The results suggest that the measure may provide quantitative information in the assessment of the activity of bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma.
Continence and Potency Preserving Cystoprostatectomy and Substitution Cystoplasty for Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: MUNDY A. R. , NURSE D. E. , DICK J. A. , MURRAY K. H. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—
Fifteen potent men with T3 MO transitional (cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent a technique for cystoprostatectomy designed to preserve the innervation of the distal sphincter mechanism and the corpora cavernosa, and substitution cystoplasty. All patients had previously had radiotherapy.When the neurovascular bundles were seen to be preserved all patients were continent by day (although one had objectively demonstrable stress incontinence) and 60% were potent. Damage to the neurovascular bundles was usually associated with impotence and a degree of stress incontinence, although the latter was correctable by implantation of an artificial sphincter.Cystectomy need not necessarily lead to an abdominal stoma or to impotence.
Clinical Significance of Unilateral Testicular Obstruction in Subfertile Males
Authors: HENDRY W. F. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—
Unilateral testicular obstruction has been defined by exploratory scrototomy in 80 spontaneously infertile males. The most common sites of obstruction were either in the tail of the epididymis after previous infection (40 cases) or in the vas deferens due to congenital absence or after previous infection or surgery (24 cases). Half of the patients had severe oligozoospermia (less than 5 million/ml) and three‐quarters had developed antisperm antibodies, often in high titres. Spermatogenesis was shown by testicular biopsy to be normal (Johnsen score‐count > 8.0) in almost all of the obstructed testes, and serum FSH levels were normal.Following surgical reconstruction, with prednisolone therapy if indicated by high antisperm antibody titres, 19 (32%) of 60 patients with adequate follow‐up successfully impregnated their female partners, with the best results occurring in 30 men who started with sperm counts < 5 million/ml, 12 of whom (40%) were successful. Removal of irreparably blocked testes in 10 men led to profound falls in high antisperm antibody titres, with production of two pregnancies.Unilateral testicular obstruction appears to be a correctable cause of infertility in some human males.
A Study of the Pathogenesis, Urodynamic Assessment and Outcome of Detrusor Instability Associated with Bladder Outflow Obstruction
Authors: SPEAKMAN M. J. , SETHIA K. K. , FELLOWS G. J. , SMITH J. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred patients awaiting surgery for bladder outflow obstruction were studied prospectively. All patients completed a symptom score and had urodynamic studies pre‐operatively. These results were not known to the urologist and did not therefore influence the course of surgery.There was a good positive correlation between both the severity and the duration of irritative symptoms and the presence of detrusor instability. Eighty per cent of patients were significantly improved 3 months post‐operatively. Patients with detrusor instability or low compliance were four times more likely to have an unsatisfactory outcome than those with stable bladders. The outcome could have been predicted in half of the unsuccessful patients on the basis of their pre‐operative symptom score and urodynamic studies.Whilst a full urodynamic evaluation is usually unnecessary, all patients should have a flow rate estimation and those with a high urgency symptom score and an unexpectedly high flow rate require full urodynamic assessment. These patients should be considered for alternative treatment or warned pre‐operatively of the likely outcome.Read at the Combined Meeting of the British Association of Urological Surgeons and the Canadian Urological Association in London, June 1986
Changes in Urodynamic Measurements after Successful Anal Electrostimulation in Female Urinary Incontinence
Authors: ERIKSEN B. C. , MJØLNERØD O. K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifty‐five of 71 women with stress, motor urge and mixed stress and motor urge urinary incontinence were treated successfully with a new integrated electrostimulation device (Incontan) used anally. Changes in urodynamic measurements were evaluated when the patients themselves reported cure or significant improvement. The duration of the treatment was 9 to 20 h/day for at least 2 months (mean 9 months). According to the patients' subjective evaluation, 71% were cured of their incontinence and 29% were markedly improved.In motor urge and mixed incontinence a significant increase in bladder volume at first sensation and at maximum cystometric capacity was found, and 45% of these patients had a normal, stable bladder after treatment. A significant increase in functional urethral length was observed in patients who had had stress incontinence, but the measured increase in maximum urethral pressure was not significant. Of the 16 patients with stress and mixed incontinence who reported cure, 15 had a positive urethral closure pressure during coughing after treatment. Urodynamic analysis confirmed the positive clinical effect observed after electrostimulation therapy. It is recommended as primary therapy in stress, motor urge and mixed stress and motor urge incontinence in women.
Single‐stage Repair of Urethral Fistula by Vascular Island Groin Flap
Authors: SAHAI R. , SHUKLA G. N. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A new technique for the repair of a urethral fistula at the penoscrotal junction is presented. Under local anaesthesia we have successfully repaired six of these fistulae using a groin island pedicle flap. The urethra is repaired by mobilising the mucous lining around the fistula and closing it longitudinally, using absorbable 4/0 chromic catgut sutures. The groin island pedicle flap which is based on superficial circumflex iliac vessels is used to cover the repaired lining. The donor defect is closed primarily. In all six cases there was primary healing.This procedure is recommended for cases where the skin around the fistula is badly scarred or where previous attempts at closure have failed. Moderate defects of penile and scrotal skin can also be repaired by this type of flap.
Fetal Ureteric Reflux
Authors: SCOTT J.E. S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Seven babies (six male, one female) with ureteric reflux, all of whom had antenatal renal dilatation, are described together with one other baby who was found to have gross ureteric reflux when investigated following an acute urinary infection at the age of 9 days. There was a strong probability that all of the babies had fetal ureteric reflux (FUR).Radioisotope studies demonstrated parenchymal damage in three of seven and reduced function in four of 10 refluxing kidneys. Subsequent investigation showed no increase in the areas of parenchymal damage but there was evidence that function in some kidneys had deteriorated. It was thought that this was due to disturbances in inter‐renal or renal‐child related growth velocities.A plea is put forward for more detailed postnatal examination of babies whose urinary tracts show evidence of dilatation antenatally.
Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy. A Prospective Study of 81 Primary Strictures Treated with a Single Urethrotomy
Authors: AAGAARD J. , ANDERSEN J. , JASZCZAK P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The post‐operative treatment of urethral strictures as well as the criteria of success have varied considerably. In order to find a solution to this problem, we undertook a prospective evaluation of 81 men treated for their first urethral stricture with a single urethrotomy. Fifty‐one patients with a stricture 5 mm or less in length were catheterised post‐operatively for 3 days. Patients with strictures longer than 5 mm were catheterised for 3 weeks (14 patients) or 6 weeks (16 patients). All were followed up for a minimum of 24 months. The stricture recurred in 33 patients (41%).We found that 3 days' catheter drainage was sufficient for patients with short strictures. Whether strictures measuring more than 5 mm might be treated similarly needs further investigation.
Haematuria Following a Marathon Run: Source and Significance
Authors: REID R. I. , HOSKING D. H. , RAMSEY E. W. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Urine specimens were obtained from 98 runners before and immediately after running a half (21 km) or full (42 km) marathon. Specimens were examined for the presence of proteinuria, haematuria and whether the erythrocytes were normomorphic or dysmorphic as determined by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria occurred in 35% of those running the half and 69% running the full marathon. Haematuria with or without proteinuria occurred in 21 % running the half and 22% running the full marathon.In runners with haematuria, dysmorphic erythrocytes were found in 30% of the half and 81% of the full marathon group. No urinary abnormalities were found on repeat examination 4 to 12 weeks after the run. These results suggest that non‐glomerular bleeding, possibly from bladder contusions, predominates at shorter distances. With greater distances glomerular bleeding occurs. These abnormalities disappear with rest and do not appear to signify underlying urinary tract disease.
Incidental Detection of Renal Carcinoma During Radiological Imaging
Authors: UEDA T. , MIHARA Y. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The manner of presentation and tumour stage in 16 consecutive patients with renal carcinoma who were treated surgically between 1976 and 1980, and in 37 patients treated similarly between 1981 and 1985, were reviewed.Two patients (13%) were discovered incidentally between 1976 and 1980 compared with 13 (35%) between 1981 and 1985. The renal tumours were discovered incidentally at the time of intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and angiography. There were 13 stage I and two stage II lesions, as assessed pathologically after nephrectomy. The tumours were less than 6 cm in diameter. Thirteen of 15 patients are alive between 6 and 90 months after surgery. No patient died of renal carcinoma.Our data have shown an increase in the proportion of incidentally diagnosed cases. The routine use of intravenous urography, ultrasound and computed tomography has led to earlier diagnosis, lower stage and possibly longer survival in patients with incidentally detected renal carcinomas compared with patients where the diagnosis was suspected.
Anatomical Findings at Orchiopexy
Authors: JACKSON M. B. , GOUGH M. H. , DUDLEY N. E. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The anatomical findings at orchidopexy for cryptorchid testis were recorded for 60 boys aged between 6 months and 18 years. In 11 patients (18.3%) bilateral cryptorchidism was present. At operation, atrophied testicular tissue was found in two patients and one testis was found to be absent; 69.1% (47/68) of the remaining testes were found in the superficial inguinal pouch at operation, 27.9% (19/68) were in the inguinal canal, one was in the femoral triangle and one was high in the scrotum.In 35 testes (51.5%) there was an associated hernial sac. In 54 testes (79.4%) the gubernaculum testis was attached to an anatomical site other than the lower scrotum. In 26 (38.2%) there was a fascial block to descent into the scrotum and one or other of these findings was present in 64 testes (94.1%). These findings suggest that failure to establish a patent route from the superficial inguinal region to the scrotum and the passage of the gubernaculum along this route are the abnormalities responsible for failure of testicular descent.
The Effect of Bromocriptine in Begign Prostatic Hypertrophy and Vesicospheincteric Dynamics
Authors: MATOS‐FERREIRA A. , CORTE‐REAL J. , PALMA J. , DURÃTO V. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Four studies were carried out on 66 patients in order to examine the effect of bromocriptine in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and to clarify its mechanism of action. Two studies were clinical: the first was a double‐blind, controlled trial (lasting 6 months) in which bromocriptine 5 mg/day was compared with placebo, and the second was an open study to evaluate the effect of bromocriptine 5 mg on patients with acute retention due to BPH. The other two studies were designed to investigate the action of the drug on vesicosphincteric dynamics. These were double‐blind, controlled, parallel trials, one comparing bromocriptine at dosages of 2.5 and 5 mg with placebo 90 min after administration, and the other comparing bromocriptine 5 mg/day with placebo after 15 days' administration in post‐prostatectomy patients.Bromocriptine had a favorable effect on patients with BPH but no effect on cases of acute retention. The urodynamic studies suggested that the drug affected urethral sphincteric mechanisms specifically. The weight and volume of the prostate remained unchanged after administration of the drug, so that any clinical response was not due to a direct effect on the gland itself.
Histochemical Study of Lectin Binding in neoplastic and Non‐neoplastic Urothelium
Authors: NEAL D. E. , CHARLTON R. G. , BENNETT M. K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A histochemical study of lectin binding was performed to assess staining with lectins and, therefore, the expression of complex carbohydrates in human neoplastic urothelium. Forty‐seven patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and six controls were studied.Cryostat sections were stained with a panel of 10 biotinylated lectins by means of the avidinbiotin‐peroxidase technique. Sixteen tumours were also studied after conventional formalin fixation and paraffin embedding.In general, staining by lectins of tumours was more intense than staining of control urothelium and staining of tumours invading bladder muscle was greater than that of superficial tumours (both P<0.001). A small but statistically significant diminution of staining was observed after formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (P<0.05).Four lectins—Bandeiraea simplicifolia (P<0.01), Vicia villosa (P<0.01), peanut agglutinin (P<0.001) and soyabean agglutinin (P<0.001) stained invasive tumours more frequently than superficial tumours in frozen sections. Thus, increased binding of certain lectins was found in human transitional cell tumours and correlated with muscle invasion and poor differentiation.
99mTc DTPA Scintigraphy Compared with Intravenous Urography in the Follow‐up of Posterior Urethral Valves
Authors: GORDON I. , RANSLEY P. G. , HUBBARD C. S. ff. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐seven patients with posterior urethral valves with varying degrees of renal function underwent both intravenous urography (IVU) and DTPA scan during their follow‐up. Although the IVU was successful in excluding obstruction in 31 kidneys, the DTPA scan was successful in 43 kidneys. In addition, the DTPA scan provides quantifiable renal function, exposes the child to a lower radiation dose and has no morbidity compared with an IVU.It is recommended that the DTPA scan should replace the IVU for long‐term follow‐up and that the latter should be reserved for certain problems.
Improving Splintage Techniques in Pyeloplasty
Authors: SIBLEY G. N. A. , GRAHAM M. D. , SMITH M. L. , DOYLE P. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred patients undergoing pyeloplasty were studied and the outcome assessed with particular reference to the splintage technique used. A double J stent was used in 16 patients instead of a more traditional external drainage technique.The use of the double J stent for splintage of a pyeloplasty anastomosis was associated with a marked reduction in hospital stay and with fewer post‐operative complications when compared with external drainage techniques. The double J stent is recommended in cases where a pyeloplasty anastomosis is to be splinted.