bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Resolution and Rapid HPLC Method for Etamsylate Estimation from Human Plasma Escorted by The Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Ghaith Mohamed E. , Elabd Asmaa I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The high polarity of Etamsylate hardens the estimation of Etamsylate-related substances by the liquid-phase detection method So, an accurate and sensitive High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was created to provide a rapid analysis and high recovery percent of the Etamsylate from volunteers’ plasma. The method relied on protein precipitation by using 100% (wt/v) TCA (Tri-chloroacetic acid). Separation of Etamsylate was achieved by using a Fortis C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5μm) and the mobile phase consisted of orthophosphoric acid 0.8% and acetonitrile with a ratio of 98:2 v/v and delivered to the system at a flow rate 1ml/min with injection volume 100μl. The wavelength was fixed at 302 nm. Paracetamol was used as the internal standard. A linear calibration curve of Etamsylate in plasma was obtained with a correlation coefficient r² < 0.999 while using a wide range of concentrations (0.6 - 40μg/ml). Retention times for both Etamsylate and Paracetamol were identified at 2.80 and 4.55 minutes respectively. The method is conducted on healthy Egyptian volunteers and proved to be precise. Many pharmacokinetic parameters were determined such as t1/2, tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and 90% CI.
Recognition of Maize Seedling under Weed Disturbance using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Tang boyi , Zhou Jingping , Pan Yuchun , Qu Xuzhou , Cui Yanglin , Liu Chang , Li Xuguang , Zhao Chunjiang , Gu Xiaohe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using UAV-based RGB images to recognize maize seedlings is of great significant for precise weed control, efficient water and fertilizer management. However, the presence of weeds with morphological resemblances at the maize seedling stage affects the recognition of maize seedlings. This research employs UAV RGB images and deep learning algorithms to achieve accurate recognition of maize seedlings under weed disturbance. Firstly, the adaptive anchor frame algorithm is employed to intelligently select optimal anchor frame sizes suited for the maize seedling from UAV images. This strategic selection minimizes time and computational demands associated with multiple anchor frame sampling. Subsequently, the Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) is introduced, bolstering feature extraction capabilities. A range of deep learning models, including YOLOv3 and YOLOv5, are applied for maize seedling recognition, culminating in the identification of an optimal model. To account for real-world scenarios, we investigate the influences of UAV flight altitude and weed disturbance on maize seedling recognition. The results indicate a multi-class Average Precision (mAP) of 94.5% and 88.2% for detecting maize seedlings at flight altitudes of 15m and 30m, respectively, with an average detection speed of 0.025s per single image. This emphasizes the efficacy of the improved YOLOv5 deep learning model in recognizing maize seedlings under weed disturbance using UAV RGB images.
Structural fine-tuning analogues of quinabactin revealed the differences of their binding microenvironment with ABA receptors and their influence on plant phenotypes
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Che Chuanliang , Lu Huizhe , Xu Yong , Tang Xianjun , Xu Yanjun , Zhang Xueqin , Xiao Yumei , Li Jia-Qi , Qin Zhaohai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Quinabactin (QB, 3) is an important ABA functional analogue without ABA-like structure and has great application potential in agriculture. In order to address the key factors affecting the binding mode of quinabactin to ABA receptors and plant phenotypes, several QB analogues with fine-tuned lactam ring and sulfonamide group were designed and synthesized. Their effects on plant phenotypes, such as seed germination, seedling growth, stomatal movement and drought tolerance, were screened. Meanwhile, their binding affinity to ABA receptors, inhibitory activities on HAB1 phosphatase and ABA-response gene regulation abilities were evaluated. The results showed that their affinities to ABA receptors displayed subtle differences and were highly consistent with their influence on plant phenotypes. DHQB increased the inhibitory activity of QB on rice leaf growth by nearly one fold, showed that the weak activity of QB on monocots could be improved by its structure optimization. The change of sulfonamide orientation had the greatest influence on receptor binding and apparent bioactivities, whereas the poor activity of TFTQB (25) reflected the binding boundary between these analogues and ABA receptors. The change of a single factor on lactam ring had little effect on all activities, although activities were all slightly decreased. These effects were obviously due to the differences in their binding to ABA receptors, which had been reasonably explained by the molecular docking model. This study provided constructive insights for the development of novel quinabactin analogues.
Optimal placement of automated protection switches to enhance resiliency of Power Distribution Networks under climate change conditions
Authors: Zeinalzadeh Arash , Teimoortashloo Mazdak , Samadi Hamidreza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of natural disasters has significantly increased due to climate change and global warming. These disasters include very hot and prolonged summers, extremely cold winters with severe frosts, sudden and destructive floods, high-speed and devastating storms, and widespread catastrophic gusts. The effects of these weather conditions and resulting crises are rapidly escalating. These events are typically referred to as low probability and high impact events. One of the current focal points for electrical distribution companies (DISCOs) is the resilience of the power distribution network (PDN) against such events. In addition to handling typical events, the PDN needs to be able to recover as quickly as possible with minimal outage and minimum energy supply disruptions during disaster events, specifically the increasing growth of electrical load and the expansion of the network have made the control and monitoring of energy distribution more challenging. This article proposes a model for optimizing the planning of automated protection switch (APS), taking into account both the improvement of resilience of the PDN against natural disasters and network reliability at the operational, planning, and control levels. To solve this optimization problem, including the costs of energy not supplied regarding to both resiliency and reliability and protection switch costs, a binary imperial competitive algorithm (BICA) is employed. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed optimal planning method have been demonstrated through numerical studies conducted on IEEE standard 33 bus feeders.
Chassis concept of the individually steerable five-link suspension: a novel approach to maximize the road wheel angle to improve vehicle agility
Authors: Schmitz Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The Institute of Vehicle Systems Engineering at Ulm University of Applied Sciences is currently developing the autonomous concept vehicle Nimbulus-e in the strategic field "Intelligent Commercial Vehicles" with the aim of maneuvering as agilely as possible in confined spaces. To achieve high agility under the conditions mentioned, large road wheel steering angles are necessary. As part of the basic vehicle concept, the first step is to select a suitable chassis for this purpose. Conventional suspensions cannot be applied due to the mechanical connection of the tie rod to the steering knuckle limiting the road wheel angles. Therefore, the approaches published so far for individual chassis concepts with large steering angles are analyzed and evaluated for use. In this paper, the concept of a novel individually steerable five-link suspension is described. The concept includes a vehicle body mounted steering actuator connected to the chassis via a self-locking worm gear. Due to the body mounted connection of the steering actuator, it does not contribute to the unsprung mass. An analysis of the kinematic and elastokinematic properties and the achievable road wheel steering angle is presented. In the Nimbulus-e concept vehicle, the individually steerable corner module is used on both the front and the rear axle. The system is driven by four wheel hub motors. This means that eight control variables are available for the vehicle.
Miniaturized on-chip spectrometer enabled by electrochromic modulation
Authors: Wang Fan , Tian Menghan , Liu Baolei , Lu Zelin , Wang Yao , Zheng Ze , Song Jiaqi , Zhong Xiaolan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Miniaturized on-chip spectrometers with small footprints, lightweight, and low cost are in great demand for portable optical sensing, lab-on-chip systems, and so on. Such miniaturized spectrometers are usually based on engineered spectral response units and then reconstruct unknown spectra with algorithms. However, due to the limited footprints of computational on-chip spectrometers, the recovered spectral resolution is limited by the number of integrated spectral response units/filters. Thus, it is challenging to improve the spectral resolution without increasing the number of used filters. Here we present a computational on-chip spectrometer using electrochromic filters that can be electrochemically modulated to increase the efficient sampling number for higher spectral resolution. These filters are directly integrated on top of the photodetector pixels, and the spectral modulation of the filters results from redox reactions during the dual injection of ions and electrons into the electrochromic material. We experimentally demonstrate that the spectral resolution of the proposed spectrometer can be effectively improved as the number of applied voltages increases. The average difference of the peak wavelengths between the reconstructed and the reference spectra decreases from 14.48 nm to 2.57 nm. We also demonstrate the proposed spectrometer can be worked with only four or two filter units, assisted by electrochromic modulation. This strategy suggests a new way to enhance the performance of miniaturized spectrometers with tunable spectral filters for high resolution, low-cost, and portable spectral sensing, and would also inspire the exploration of other stimulus responses such as photochromic and force-chromic, etc, on computational spectrometers.
Blowing in the Wind: A Time Series Analysis of Mean UK Summer Temperature
Authors: Johnson Keith 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Time series analysis is applied to the mean UK summer temperatures provided by the UK MET Office. First, the statistical significance of the data is determined by comparing with the mean and standard deviation of the whole time series and using the Wald Wolfowitz Runs Test. On this basis, only the rising trend in the last decade or so (> 2009) is possibly significant.
This trend is then compared with various potential causes: atmospheric CO2, global carbon emissions, China carbon emissions etc. By detrending, using first differences, and computing the cross-correlation function, or CCF, only offshore wind generating capacity gives a significant level of cross-correlation in the CCF. The cross-correlation persists when a different method of detrending is used and autocorrelation is taken into account using the Cochrane-Orcutt procedure. Hence, if the rising trend is significant, the hypothesis that it is associated with offshore wind generating capacity cannot be rejected.
It follows from a consideration of wind turbine wake dynamics using Bernouilli’s principle that extracting large amounts of energy must lead to low pressure down wind of the turbines. With prevailing westerly winds and largely offshore wind farms, this means the creation of a low pressure region in the North Sea. Perhaps this low pressure region, sucking hot air from Africa, provides a mechanism for the increase in the mean UK summer temperature? It might also account for the Cerberus heat wave in 2023 and Sahara dust. Hence our attempts at mitigating anthropogenic climate change might be causing deleterious changes in weather patterns.
Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices in the Indian Ocean: Impacts, Management, and Policy Implications
Authors: Heile Abdirahim Sheik , Dyer Emilia , Bealey Roy , Bailey Megan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Indian Ocean has seen a significant increase in drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) used in purse seine fisheries, resulting in an exponential rise in tropical tuna catches. However, the negative impacts such as catches of juvenile tunas, increase in catches of non-targeted species, ghost fishing, and abandoned and lost fishing gear remain a significant concern of developing coastal States. The study examines the abundance and ecosystem consequences of abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) dFADs in the Indian Ocean, focusing on their impact on the marine ecosystem, risks to marine ecosystems and the legality of these unauthorized ALDFG dFADs posing IUU fishing on the Somali coast. The study also critically evaluates the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks and governance mechanisms in addressing these issues. Investigating the prevalence of ALDFG dFADs in Somalia's waters, the paper underscores the failure of current Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) dFAD management and governance frameworks to mitigate these impacts effectively. Over a six-month period, 63 dFADs were opportunistically recovered along the sample coastline, projecting an annual influx of approximately 160 dFADs, not one was fully compliant with IOTC regulations. The research further calculated a proportional number of dFADs per km per annum over the entire Somali shelf, estimating a total of approximately 1,439 dFADs recovered annually. The study's findings reveal explicit non-compliance with existing regulations, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced monitoring, regulatory measures, and international cooperation to address the challenges posed by dFADs to marine ecosystems and the livelihoods of coastal communities.
Electrolytic Mineralization of CO2
Authors: Berlinguette Curtis , Jiang Gaopeng , Pimlott Douglas , Weiss Samuel , Ma Siwei , Waizenegger Christopher , Kim Yongwook , Yang Yumeng , Ji Tengxiao , Ren Shaoxuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Natural rock weathering has the potential to store approximately 105 gigatons of CO2 as solid carbonates.1,2 However, the conversion of silicates and CO2 into carbonates is slow, resulting in the mineralization of merely 0.13 gigatons of CO2 each year.1 Here, we demonstrate a continuous flow electrochemical reactor capable of capturing and permanently storing CO2 in the form of inert carbonate minerals. This “weathering electrolyzer” accelerates rock weathering by up to 3 orders of magnitude by electrolytically generating H+ and OH– in chambers separated by a Ca2+-selective membrane. The H+ decomposes silicates into reactive Ca2+ species in a chemical chamber, while the OH– reacts with CO2 and Ca2+ to form CaCO3 mineral in an adjacent cathode compartment. We show that the weathering electrolyzer is capable of mineralizing CO2 derived from both flue gas and air, while avoiding the need to isolate CO2 from conventional capture units.
Assessment of germination and seedling development of tomato genotypes under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought
Authors: Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Bhujel Prabina , Bhandari Nirajan , Sharma Shaurav 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Food security is one of the major global challenges of the twenty-first century. Crop yield is estimated to decline by 5 to 30% from 2050 onwards compared to 1990. Climate change has a major impact on crop production. Drought stress is a significant environmental factor affecting plant growth and crop productivity, and understanding its impact on tomato production is crucial for the development of drought-tolerant varieties. The experiment was carried out to find the drought tolerant genotypes. The study was conducted in two factorial completely randomized designs with three replications, subjecting tomato seeds of five different genotypes to three different polyethylene glycol 6000 induced drought stress. The observation revealed that Monoprecas showed increase in root length, shoot length, canopy spread, root spread lengthwise, root spread breadthwise, root weight, shoot weight, total biomass, root-shoot ratio, vigor index, and vigor test index with increase in PEG concentration 3% (-0.18Mpa), and then decreases with higher concentration 6% (-0.36Mpa). NGRCO9569, NGRCO9571, and Khumal 2 showed continuous increase in most of the observations with an increase in PEG concentration 3% (-0.18Mpa) and 6% (-0.36Mpa). Unlike these genotypes, Srijana showed drastic reduction in all the observations and unexpectedly increased in days of first germination and days to fifty percent germination as compared to control. Results showed these varieties were more tolerant even up to higher drought conditions up to -0.36 Mpa but Srijana were susceptible even to lower drought conditions (-0.18 Mpa). The five tomato varieties were grouped into two clusters, Srijana and NGRCO9571 genotypes in one and NGRCO9569, Monoprecas, and Khumal 2 under another based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. The promising genotypes NGRCO9569, Khumal 2, and Monoprecas were identified as more drought tolerant and be utilized in breeding programs aimed at developing drought tolerant tomato varieties or can be recommended at areas with lower irrigation facilities. The findings highlight the vulnerability of tomato genotypes, especially the commercial and hybrid to drought stress during the early stages of growth. The variation observed among different tomato genotypes indicates the presence of genetic variability for drought tolerance, suggesting the potential for breeding drought-tolerant tomato varieties. Further research and breeding efforts should focus on identifying and utilizing drought-tolerant genetic traits in tolerant varieties NGRCO9569, Khumal 2, and Monoprecasto enhance the resilience of tomato plants to drought stress. Furthermore, breeding programs should be initiated to develop new tomato varieties with enhanced drought tolerance, incorporating the identified drought-tolerant genetic traits and genes.
Development of efficient models of artificial intelligence for autonomous decision making in dynamic information systems
Authors: Čajić Elvir , Rešić Sead , Elezaj Rame 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research paper focuses on the development of efficient artificial intelligence models for autonomous decision-making in dynamic information systems. Using innovative approaches in data analysis and algorithm optimization, we explore ways to improve model performance in dynamic environments. The results of this research can provide a deeper understanding of how artificial intelligence can operate effectively in real time, thus opening up new perspectives for application in different industries. The research includes the implementation of advanced machine learning techniques, as well as the analysis of adaptive models that can adapt to changes in the environment. Key attention is devoted to the optimization of resources in order to ensure quick and precise decision-making in dynamic situations. In addition, the work addresses the integration of the model with high-performance sensors to improve the system's ability to gather relevant information for decision-making. Through this interdisciplinary analysis, we aim to contribute to the development of intelligent systems that can autonomously react to changes and unforeseen situations in real time.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN LEARNING TOURNAMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP
Authors: Wulantri Novi , Suryani Mulia , Heriyanti Jufri Lucky 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar matematika siswa masih rendah dan semangat kompetisi tim saat pembelajaran kelompok masih kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Learning Tournament lebih baik daripada hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menerapan pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 1 Padang. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian random terhadap subjek. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 1 Padang Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 yang terdiri dari 4 kelas. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak. Kelas eksperimen adalah kelas VIII2 dan kelas kontrol adalah kelas VIII3. Instrumen yang digunakan tes akhir berbentuk essay. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji t satu pihak. Hasil analisis data diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen 78,04 dengan simpangan baku 15,79 sedangkan rata-rata kelas kontrol 67,62 dengan simpangan baku 16,34. Hasil dari uji hipotesis diperoleh = 2,16 dan= 1,678, karena maka hipotesisditerima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan penerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Learning Tournament lebih baik daripada hasil belajar matematika dengan penerapan pembelajaran konvensional siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 1 Padang.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TEKA TEKI SILANG DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IX.4 PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SMPN 1 MEMPURA KECAMATAN MEMPURA KABUPATEN SIAK TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Sandi Santi Santi pradila sandi 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Melalui Penggunaan Media Teka Teki Silang Siswa Kelas IX.4 SMPN Negeri 1 Mempura Kec. Mempura Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan hipotesis tindakannya adalah dengan penggunaan pembelajaran kooperatif dengan strategi crossword puzzl pada mata pelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru, aktivits siswa dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IX.4 Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Mempura Kecamatan Mempura Kabupaten Siak tahun pelajaran 2015 – 2016. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembaran observasi yang di gunakan untuk melihat perubahan aktivitas belajar siswa, aktivitas guru dan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif dengan strategi crossword puzzl pada mata pelajaran IPS dari siklus I ke siklus II. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil belajar siswa, aktivitas belajar siswa dan aktivitas guru mengalami peningkatan sejak siklus I, peningkatan ini berlanjut pada siklus II dan pada siklus III mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan.
DESKRIPSI RASA INGIN TAHU SISWA SMPN 21 KOTA JAMBI TERHADAP PELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Irianti Erika , Mardiyah Ainil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the curiosity of seventh grade students at SMP 21 of Kota Jambi against science subjects. This type of research is descriptive statistical research with mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). The population in this study were seventh grade students of Jambi City Junior High School 21 with samples of class VII-A and class VII-B. The data collection instrument used was a curiosity character questionnaire. The results of the research obtained were seventh grade students of Jambi City Junior High School 21, having high curiosity towards science subjects. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan rasa ingin tahu siswa siswi kelas VII di SMPN 21 Kota Jambi terhadap mata pelajaran IPA. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian statistik deskriptif dengan metode campuran (kualitatif dan kuantitatif). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa siswi kelas VII SMPN 21 Kota Jambi dengan sampel kelas VII-A dan kelas VII-B. Instrumen pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah angket karakter rasa ingin tahu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah siswa siswi kelas VII SMPN 21 Kota Jambi memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi terhadap mata pelajaran IPA.