bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional development for podiatrists in diabetes using a work‐based tool
Authors: Leese GP , Brown K , Green V 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aim of this project was to deliver a work‐based educational package to non‐specialised podiatrists in the community that would improve their skills and confidence in managing diabetic foot problems.A combination of theoretical teaching, attendance at a multidisciplinary foot clinic and receiving immediate peer review in normal routine practice was provided by a ‘podiatry practitioner’ who had expertise and experience in diabetes. This was delivered over a one‐year period to 34 out of 61 invited ‘link’ podiatrists. Participants filled out a questionnaire before and after the intervention.The three‐part educational programme was successfully delivered over one year. After the educational year, 91% were more confident in treating foot ulcers, and 91% wished to remain as a diabetes link podiatrist. The community podiatrists were more aware of diabetes specialist groups (83% after vs 20% before, p < 0.001) and local guidelines and referral pathways (96% vs 73%, p < 0.05). They felt they needed less instruction on debridement (65% vs 93%, p < 0.01) and were more willing to be involved in the multidisciplinary foot clinic (83% vs 53%, p < 0.05). In 15 out of 16 domains, there was a trend towards improvement.In conclusion, work‐based diabetes‐related educational input for community podiatrists can improve confidence, self‐perceived knowledge and lines of communication between hospital and community podiatrists. This may result in improved diabetes foot care in the community. Copyright ©2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Distribution of Dislocations and the Mathematical Theory of Plasticity
Authors: Mura T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMises' yield criterion, the Prandtl‐Reuss relation between stress and plastic strain rate, and Hencky's theorem on shear lines for isotropic elastic‐plastic materials are derived from the theory of continuous distributions of dislocations. A linear relation between the velocity of dislocations and the gliding force acting on the dislocations is assumed in the derivation. Within this framework, the constant k in Mises' yield criterion and the scalar factor μ* in the Prandtl‐Reuss relation can be interpreted in the light of dislocation behavior. It can be also proved that the plastic curvature rate disappears and the curvature rate of the material equals the elastic curvature rate of the lattices.
Anisotropy of the Mechanical Properties of Alkali Halide Crystals
Authors: Boyarskaya Yu. S. , Valkovskaya M. I. , Zhitaru R. P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe spatial distribution of dislocations produced by scratching along different directions on the (001) and (111) planes of NaCl and LiF is investigated. A study is also made of the distribution produced by pyramidic indentation on the (111) surfaces. The mobility of dislocations in the dislocation bands produced by the scratches is studied. The slip planes responsible for the propagation of the deformation into the crystal are determined. The anisotropic hardness observed experimentally is explained qualitatively.
Temperatur‐ und Verformungsabhängigkeit der Koerzitivfeldstärke von Eisen‐Einkristallen Von
Authors: Bilger H. , Träuble H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn reinen, stabförmigen Eisen‐Einkristallen wurde die Verformungsabhängigkeit der Koerzitivfeldstärke HC bei Raumtemperatur gemessen. Hieraus läßt sich der Anstieg der Gesamtversetzungsdichte N bei der plastischen Verformung berechnen. Es wurde ferner die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Koerzitivfeldstärke an unverformten und verformten Einkristallen untersucht. Während bei unverformten Kristallen die Koerzitivfeldstärke mit steigender Temperatur monoton abnimmt, steigt sie bei verformten Kristallen (mit inneren Spannungen) bis etwa 600 °C stark an und fällt dann zur Curietemperatur steil ab. Dieser Temperaturgang ist charakteristisch für den Fall, daß die Magnetisierungsprozesse durch Versetzungen beeinflußt werden. Bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Maximums der Koerzitivfeldstärke erfolgt die Magnetisierungsänderung hauptsächlich durch Blochwandbewegungen, oberhalb durch Drehprozesse.
Cyclotron Resonance Investigations of Niobium
Authors: Preppernau U. , Herrmann R. , Rothkirch L. , Dwelk H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCyclotron resonance (CR) and EPR measurements of niobium single crystals are presented. At Nb − in distinction to other metals − CR signals are detectable only by certain additional requirements, as time of precooling or speed of magnetic field sweep. The results are interpreted on the basis of the Mattheiss model. Some pecularities of the spectrum are explained by a magnetic breakdown.
Representation of 3D heterogeneous cloud fields using copulas: Theory for water clouds
Authors: Norris Peter M. , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Hou Arthur Y. , Tao Wei‐Kuo , Zeng Xiping 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt is shown that a general representation of GCM column cloud fraction within probability density function (PDF)‐based statistical cloud parametrizations can be obtained using statistical functions called copulas that encapsulate the dependence structure of rank statistics in a multivariate system. Using this theory, a new Gaussian copula formulation of GCM cloud overlap is obtained. The copula approach provides complete flexibility in the choice of the marginal PDF of each layer's moisture and temperature, and, compared with earlier approaches, including the ‘generalized overlap’ approach, allows a far more general specification of the correlation between any pair of layers. It also allows easy addition of new layer variables, such as temperature, into the modelled grid‐column statistics. As a preliminary test of this formulation, its ability to statistically describe a cloud‐resolving model simulation of a complex multi‐layer case‐study, including both large‐scale and convective clouds, is examined. The Gaussian copula cloud fraction is found to be significantly less biased than other common cloud overlap methods for this case‐study. Estimates of several nonlinear quantities are also improved with the Gaussian copula model: the variance of condensed water path and the fluxes of solar and thermal radiation at atmospheric column boundaries. This first paper, though limited to the simpler case of water clouds, addresses subgrid‐scale variability in both moisture and temperature. This work is envisaged as a first step towards developing a generalized statistical framework for GCM cloud parametrization and for assimilating statistical information from high‐resolution satellite observations into GCMs and global analyses. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Efficient forcing and atmospheric teleconnections
Authors: Li Zhijin , Ji Limn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor linear forcing problems, a method is developed to provide a set of forcing modes which form a complete orthonormal basis for the finite‐time response to steady forcing in the energy inner product space. the forcing modes are found by calculating the singular vectors of a matrix using the adjoint technique. the amplitude of response to forcing modes is given in terms of the associated singular values. This method is used in the damped barotropic model linearized about the 300 hPa zonally varying climatological flow for the northem wintertime. the results show that the strength of response varies considerably for the different forcing modes, and thus only a small number of efficient forcing modes control the behaviour of atmospheric response. the structure of the response to these forcing modes is primarily composed of teleconnection patterns in good agreement with those in the real atmosphere, and conversely these forcing modes may excite the observed teleconnection patterns. the efficient forcing is mainly localized to the south of regions of strong flow and in the polar region.Energetics analyses are performed. the primary source of energy of the responses to the most efficient forcing modes is the conversion of basic state kinetic energy to the response kinetic energy, rather than directly supplied by the forcing itself. So the routes of teleconnection patterns should be ones along which the response will most efficiently extract kinetic energy from the basic state. It is suggested that teleconnection patterns produced by an external source are not only determined by Rossby wave dispersion from anomalous external sources, but also depend on the efficient extraction of energy from the basic state.
Characteristics of aerosols over a remote island, Minicoy in the Arabian Sea: Optical properties and retrieved size characteristics
Authors: Moorthy K. Krishna , Satheesh S. K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChanges in the characteristics of atmospheric aerosol over a marine environment are investigated by making regular spectral extinction measurements in the visible and near‐infrared region from a tiny island location. Minicoy (8.3°N, 73.04°E), situated in the Arabian Sea about 400 km due west of the southern tip of the Indian peninsula. The role of seasonally changing air‐mass type in causing a regular annual variation in the spectral optical depths is delineated. The association between aerosol optical depths, surface wind speed and rainfall is examined. An increase in wind speed causes an increase in optical depths, the effect is predominant when a marine air mass prevails. The impact of changes in wind speed on optical depths (due to sea‐spray production over the sea) is parametrized in the case that the island is influenced by a marine air mass. Columnar size distributions, retrieved from the spectral optical depths, in general, show a bimodal log‐normal distribution in the optically active size range. The accumulation mode is more sensitive to continental air‐mass types, while the coarse mode is influenced by the marine conditions. The coarse mode is sharper but its position is variable. Increase in wind speed leads to a remarkable enhancement in the concentration and relative abundance of coarse particles, particularly during the monsoon season. The mass loading and effective radius are well associated and depend on wind speed histories. The findings are discussed.
Thermal versus dynamical tropopause in upper‐tropospheric balanced flow anomalies
Authors: Wirth V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper systematically investigates differences between the thermal and the dynamical tropopause for upper‐tropospheric balanced flow anomalies. Idealized cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies are considered, which are either axisymmetric or plane symmetric. Given a distribution of potential vorticity (PV), the inversion problem is solved numerically to obtain the corresponding balanced flow (i.e. wind and temperature). The control parameter is the aspect ratio of the PV anomaly, which governs the partitioning into a thermal and a dynamical anomaly. For PV anomalies of intermediate and tall aspect ratios, the location of the thermal tropopause differs significantly from the location of the dynamical tropopause. The thermal tropopause is rather indistinct for intermediate aspect ratios, while it is sharp and well defined for both tall and shallow anomalies. A barotropic deformation flow field superimposed on a plane symmetric anomaly induces an ageostrophic wind which modifies the static stability throughout the PV anomaly such that the thermal and dynamical tropopauses evolve differently. Recent observations concerning the correlation between the thermal and ozone tropopauses can be interpreted consistently in terms of the present results.
The descent of tropospheric air into the stratosphere
Authors: Juckes M. N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSince the stratosphere lies above the troposphere, naive expectation would associate mass transfer from the latter into the former with ascent. This note shows that, in the context of the mass circulation associated with large scales in mid latitudes, the transfer into the stratosphere can actually be associated with descent relative to isentropes. The diabatic effects which accompany the transfer of air from the troposphere to the stratosphere are such as to give the air a downward motion, but, the motion of the tropopause is faster so that the descending air is overtaken by the tropopause and transferred into the stratosphere. Combined with the conclusions of an earlier study, these results suggest that the dryness of a substantial portion of the air in the lowermost extra‐tropical stratosphere is caused by its passage through extremely low tropopause temperatures associated with transient mid‐latitude high‐pressure systems.
Study of Nematic Transition Temperatures in Themotropic Liquid Crystal Using Heuristic Method and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Gong Zhiguo , Zhang Ruisheng , Xia Binbin , Hu Rongjing , Fan Botao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractQuantitative Structure–Property Relationships (QSPRs) models have been successfully developed for the prediction of the nematic transition temperatures (TN) of 42 thermotropic liquid crystals. Heuristic Method (HM) and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNNs) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were utilized to construct the linear and non‐linear QSPRs models, respectively. Comparing the whole results obtained from the three models, the RBFNNs model was much better. The optimal QSPRs model which was established based on RBFNNs gave a square correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.984, 0.953, 0.973, and Root‐Mean Square (RMS) error of 2.19, 4.13, and 2.99 for the training set, the test set, and the whole set, respectively. Some analysis to the dataset and evaluation were done in the paper. All the results indicated that the proposed QSPRs model was robust and satisfactory.
The road not taken: Observing a process of issue selection and model conceptualization
Authors: Lane David C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article describes a case study involving information technology managers and their new programmer recruitment policy, but the primary interest is methodological. The processes of issue generation and selection and model conceptualization are described. Early use of “magnetic hexagons” allowed the generation of a range of issues, most of which would not have emerged if system dynamics elicitation techniques had been employed. With the selection of a specific issue, flow diagraming was used to conceptualize a model, computer implementation and scenario generation following naturally. Observations are made on the processes of system dynamics modeling, particularly on the need to employ general techniques of knowledge elicitation in the early stages of interventions. It is proposed that flexible approaches should be used to generate, select, and study the issues, since these reduce any biasing of the elicitation toward system dynamics problems and also allow the participants to take up the most appropriate problem‐ structuring approach.
Geochemistry of Middle Triassic gabbros from northern Liaoning, North China: origin and tectonic implications
Authors: ZHANG XIAOHUI , ZHANG HONGFU , ZHAI MINGGUO , WILDE SIMON A. , XIE LIEWEN 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Xiaofangshen mafic stock is a hornblende gabbroic body emplaced in the Faku dome of northern Liaoning within the continental interior of the North China–Mongolian plate. Zircon U–Pb SHRIMP dating yields an emplacement age of 241 ± 6 Ma. These gabbroic rocks exhibit strong enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Th, U) and light REE, slightly negative Eu anomalies, and pronounced depletion in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti). They show a relatively narrow range of isotopic compositions with initial87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7053 to 0.7055, ϵNd(t) values of +0.40 to +0.68 and zircon ϵHf(T) values from +5.0 to +7.4. These geochemical features suggest that they might have been derived from partial melting of a subduction-related metasomatized lithospheric mantle source, which is tectonically affiliated to the Xing-Meng orogenic belt. Combined with our previous geochronological dating on the predominantly granitic intrusions from the Faku dome, it is inferred that the northern Liaoning block has a tectonic affinity with the Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic belt. This revelation further leads to the proposition that the Chifeng–Kaiyuan fault likely represents the Mesozoic lithospheric boundary between the North China craton and the Xing-Meng orogenic belt in northern Liaoning. The Xiaofangshen gabbros, together with the Triassic mafic–ultramafic cumulates and granulite xenoliths and the Triassic alkaline intrusions within the continental interior of the newly amalgamated North China–Mongolian Plate, constitute an important post-orogenic to within-plate anorogenic magmatic province, in response to the continued magmatic underplating caused by lithospheric delamination and hot asthenosphere upwelling.
Why should disorders of the ear, nose and throat be treated by the same specialty? Can this situation persist?
Authors: Yalamanchili S 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe surgical specialty of otorhinolaryngology has its origins in the nineteenth century. Subsequently, the specialty also incorporated allied disciplines such as plastics and head and neck surgery. Following World War II, the survival of the specialty was threatened by the advent of antibiotics and the rise of the general surgeon. Despite this, the specialty of ENT was strengthened by strong post-war leadership and robust training.Today, with ENT knowledge ever increasing, the subspecialties have again begun to subdivide. Specialisation brings improved efficiency and outcomes; however, there remains a great need for the ENT generalist. Not all cases require subspecialist attention, and the generalist remains the basis of competent emergency cover. The natural development of otorhinolaryngology has brought the invaluable synergistic knowledge required to comprehensively treat disorders of the ear, nose and throat, knowledge that must not be overlooked when shaping the future of the specialty.
Repair in membership categorization in French
Authors: MAHEUX-PELLETIER GENEVIÈVE , GOLATO ANDREA 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTUsing conversation analysis as methodology, this article provides a link between the local organization of talk and larger societal issues by investigating specific conversational sequences in which French speakers from different speech communities interact. It is argued that in addition to dealing with problems of speaking, hearing, and understanding, repair can simultaneously be used to negotiate linguistic membership. Repair can be used to establish, confirm, or insist on speakers' belonging to one particular speech community over another. Moreover, participants can use repair to express affiliation and disaffiliation with each other. The implications of this research are discussed, linking the organization of conversation with issues of language and identity, specifically with the social meaning of dialect variety in the Francophone world. Thus, this article demonstrates how phenomena commonly discussed on the macro level are realized and negotiated on the micro level.
Attempts atin vitrofertilization and culture ofin vitromatured oocytes in sei (Balaenoptera borealis) and Bryde's (B. edeni) whales
Authors: Bhuiyan M. M. U. , Suzuki Y. , Watanabe H. , Matsuoka K. , Fujise Y. , Ishikawa H. , Ohsumi S. , Fukui Y. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe cumulus–oocyte–complexes (COCs) recovery rates with respect to reproductive status per sei (Balaenoptera borealis) and Bryde's (B. edeni) whales were determined in Experiment 1. The number of COCs recovered ranged from 16.0 to 30.6 and from 6.7 to 26.8 per sei and Bryde's whales, respectively. The effects of COCs grades and protein supplementation in embryo culture medium on development ofin vitrofertilized (IVF) embryos were evaluated in sei and Bryde's whales in Experiment 2. The COCs were classified into either Grade A (COCs with five or more layers of compact cumulus cells) or Grade B (COCs with less than five layers of compact or expanded cumulus cells) before being cultured for IVM. The cleavage (12.0 to 19.5%), 4-cell (8.0 to 12.0%) and 8-cell (4.0 to 8.0%) formation rates in sei whales did not vary significantly between embryos derived from either grade A or B oocytes and between embryos cultured in either fetal whale serum (FWS)- or bovine serum albumin (BSA)-supplemented medium. The cleavage (4.0 to 14.8%), 4-cell (0.0 to 7.5%) and 8-cell (0.0 to 2.6%) formation rates in Bryde's whales did not vary significantly between embryos derived from either grade A or B oocytes and between embryos cultured in either FWS- or BSA-supplemented medium. The grade B oocytes cultured in FWS-supplemented medium developed to morula stage (1.1%) in sei whales. In conclusion, the present study indicates that IVF in sei whales is possible to achieve cleaved embryos developing to morula stage. This is the firstin vitroembryo production attempt in sei and Bryde's whales.
The Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Leahy Robert L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCognitive behavioral therapy has often been criticized for ignoring the role of the therapeutic relationship. In this article, I outline several dimensions for case formulation and intervention that suggest that the cognitive-behavioral approach can be a powerful theoretical model for understanding the causes of and the strategies for overcoming impasses in therapy. I review how the clinician and patient can collaborate in understanding the importance of case conceptualization, validation, emotional philosophies, victim resistance, schematic resistance, schematic mismatch, sunk-cost commitment, and self-handicapping. The relevance of these factors for both patient and therapist are discussed. During the last decade there has been increased interest in the nature of the therapeutic relationship in cognitive behavioral therapy (Gilbert, 1992; Safran, 1998; Safran and Muran, 2000; Greenberg, 2002; Leahy, 2001; Gilbert and Irons, 2005; Leahy, 2005; Bennett-Levy and Thwaites, 2007; Gilbert and Leahy, 2007). Cognitive behavioral therapists have proposed that the therapeutic relationship reflects interpersonal schemas, earlier attachment problems, emotional processing, failures in validation and compassion, and a variety of processes underlying non-compliance or resistance. Resolving “ruptures” in the therapeutic relationship provides an often essential opportunity for using the relationship as a means to modify cognitive and emotional problems (Safran, Muran, Samstag and Stevens, 2002; Katzow and Safran 2007). In light of the emphasis on “empirically supported treatments” (such as CBT) there is the risk that the alliance in therapy may be foreshadowed by the techniques and protocols used in CBT, perhaps giving credibility to Mahoney's (1991) earlier claim that therapy can become “technolatry”.