bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Significance of the Pawnbroking Business in Singapore
Authors:   Selina Ching Chan
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the socio-economic role of pawnshops in Singapore. It suggests that pawnshops are a barometer of socio-economic changes in Singapore. The changing style and operation of pawnshops is explored, as is the changing varieties of the items pledged. The research shows that pawnshops have adopted a new image and continue to have a significant role in modern Singapore. This paper also suggests that pawnshops serve cash-strapped individuals, who ironically are not necessarily poor. Through data collected on redemptions and pledges, it is found that a high redemption rate both in number and amount reflects a period of economic growth; the reverse is true when the redemption rate falls.
Environmental Social Movements in Thailand: How Important is Class?
Authors: Forsyth Timothy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper argues that current academic approaches to environmentalism in developing countries understate the role of class in either dominating political alliances, or in constructing underlying environmental discourse. The paper uses examples of various social movements in Thailand to illustrate the diverse ways in which environmental activism may represent or support different political objectives. It is proposed that analysts need to pay more attention to the origin of much environmental discourse from new, or identity-based social movements both within Thailand and elsewhere, and to seek ways to understand the 'co-production' of social activism and environmental knowledge.
Environment and the Global Civil Society
Authors:   Habibul Haque Khondker
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the role of civil society in environmental movements in the context of globalization. Exploring the various meanings of civil society, it argues that to understand civil society as a politically meaningful concept, due consideration should be given to social movements, which recharge civil society. At the same time, the efficacy of social movements rests on the vibrancy of civil society. In the present day world, civil society has become quite active in a large number of public interest issues of which environment has become quite central. This paper explores the conditions of the environmental movement as a truly global phenomenon and its role in the rise of a global civil society. The paper also reflects on the implications of the emergence of a global civil society for the protection of the environment. Drawing upon the cases of the Three Gorges Dam in China and the Narmada Dam in India the paper examines the role of an incipient global civil society. We must keep on striving to make the world a better place for all of mankind - each one contributing his bit, in his or her own way. - Ken Saro-Wiwa The Environment is humanity's first right. - Ken Saro-Wiwa
Transnational Protest and the Corporate Planet - the Case of Mitsubishi Corporation vs. The Rainforest Action Network
Authors: Holzer Boris 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper argues that the emergence of a global economy has led to new lines of conflict between transnational corporations (TNCs) and civil society actors. While the efficiency of state regulation seems to have diminished, transnational protest groups have been able to challenge TNCs and enforce certain standards upon them. The paper discusses the conflict between the Mitsubishi Corporation and rainforest protection groups in order to identify the mechanisms behind this and similar conflicts.
The Roots of ASEAN: Regional Identities in the Strait of Melaka Region Circa 1500 C.E
Authors: Hall Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSoutheast Asian sources that report regional connection with the Majapahit and Angkor polities reflect upon a rapidly changing fourteenth and fifteenth century world order, the result of new trading opportunities as Europeans were becoming more direct participants in affairs beyond their Western home-lands. In the face of the individualistic and destructive tendencies of the wider global community circa 1500, in the Strait of Melaka region there was less dislocation and isolation than is supposed by many twentieth century scholars. Despite the number of political and religious transitions underway, in the Southeast Asian archipelago and mainland there was a sense of regional self-confidence and progress among societies who had enjoyed over two hundred years of widespread socio-economic success. These successes were the product of the functional international, regional, and local networks of communication, as well as a common heritage that had developed in the Strait of Melaka region during the pre-1500 era. This study not only addresses the role of Majapahit and Angkor in the shaping of regional inclusiveness circa 1500, but also explores the enduring (and often exclusive) legacy of these two early cultural centers among Southeast Asia's twentieth century polities.
Human Security in the Western Pacific: The Asian Economic Crisis and Beyond 1
Authors: Kim Hee-Soo , Wesley Michael , Thomas Nicholas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the human security implications of the Asian economic crisis for the Western Pacific. It will be shown that the regional insecurity was not caused by great power military intervention or by the escalation of territorial disputes, or subversion from revolutionary ideologies. Rather the insecurity was transmitted through the unregulated operation of the global market, on which the countries of East Asia had based their national and regional development strategies. It is likely that the regional approach to security will change forever after 1998. It is argued that if the countries of the Western Pacific are to successfully ameliorate the effects of the Asian economic crisis as well as optimally position themselves to resolve future challenges then a regional security regime that revolves around humanitarian concerns must be developed.
Le Traité « Sur Les Enfants Morts Prématurément» De Grégoire De Nysse
Authors: Daniélou Jean 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGrégoire appartient par sa famille à l'aristocratie cappadocienne. Cette noblesse sénatoriale était caractérisée par la grande propriété, les fonctions publiques, la culture rhétorique. Grégoire rapporte lui-même, dans la Vie de Macrine que les propriétés de sa famille s'étendaient dans les deux provinces pontiques, en Cappadoce, en Arménie. De même a-t-il reçu la culture rhétorique des hommes de sa classe. Un aspect de la vie de ces milieux était les relations entretenues par la correspondance.1 Même devenu évêque, Grégoire comme Basile, reste en correspondance avec de hauts personnages chrétiens et païens. Une partie de son oeuvre relève de cet aspect de sa personnalité. C'est le cas en particulier de la correspondance. C'est le cas aussi de l'un de ses traités, qui est un vrai chef d'oeuvre de la rhétorique du temps, celui Sur les enfants morts prématurément (PG, 46, 161 A-192 C).
Critical Notes To Firmicus Maternus, De Errore
Authors: Forbes Clarence A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Christian polemic of Firmicus Maternus, De errore profanarum religionum, is known from a solitary manuscript P, Vaticanus Palatinus Latinus 165. After finding this manuscript in Minden in 1559, the Lutheran scholar Flacius produced the editio princeps in 1562. Modern editions, to be mentioned in the following discussion, are those of Ziegler (Teubner, 1907), Heuten (Brussels, 1938), Ziegler in a second edition (Munich, 1953), and Pastorino (Florence, 1956). I propose to discuss the readings in certain disputed passages.
Augustinus Unter Dem Feigenbaum (Zu Conf. Viii)
Authors: Buchheit Vinzenz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractP. Courcelle hat in seinem viel beachteten Werk über die Confessiones Augustins' u.a. nachzuweisen versucht, daß die - in der Substanz nicht angezweifelte - Bekehrung Augustins, wie sie im achten Buch der Confessiones, besonders in der Gartenszene geschildert sei, literarisch-fiktiven Charakter habe. Besonders dieser Text hat eine sehr lebhafte Diskussion ausgelöst, die teils zustimmend, teils kritisch, teils ablehnend ausgefallen ist.2 Courcelle selbst hat inzwischen in zahlreichen Arbeiten zum Problem Stellung genommen und zuletzt die Frage in kritischer Auseinandersetzung erneut umfassend behandelt.3 Mit Recht stellt er einleitend fest, daß man bisher versäumt habe, die Confessiones Augustins genauer zu untersuchen "au sein de la tradition litteraire".4 Mit bewundernswerter Belesenheit gelingt es Courcelle, diese literarische Tradition, in der gerade die Darstellung im achten Buche steht, nahezu erschöpfend einzufangen und für die Interpretation der betreffenden Texte fruchtbar zu machen. Es scheint mir auf diesem gründlichen und methodisch zu Recht erarbeiteten Hintergrund kein Zweifel mehr möglich an der Berechtigung der These vom literarisch-fiktiven Charakter der Gartenszene in der von Augustin geschilderten Form.
Eine Verbindung Der Zwei Höhlengleichnisse Der Heidnischen Antike Bei Gregor Von Nyssa
Authors: Blum Wilhelm 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWenn wir vom "Höhlengleichnis" sprechen, denken wir zunächst an das berühmte Höhlengleichnis in Platons Staat.1 Weit weniger bekannt ist die Tatsache, daß auch Aristoteles ein Höhlengleichnis verfaßt hat.2 Im folgenden sollen zunächst diese beiden Gleichnisse kurz einander gegenübergestellt werden; dann wird gezeigt, wie der heilige Gregor von Nyssa diese beiden Gleichnisse in einer originellen Synkrisis zusammengestellt und für eine genuin christliche Interpretation fruchtbar gemacht hat.
Die Theodizee Des Patriarchen Germanos I. Von Konstantinopel
Authors: Blum Wilhelm 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGermanos I. (715-730 Patriarch von Konstantinopel) hat eine Schrift verfaßt, die bis jetzt viel zu wenig Beachtung fand. In dem Werk πΕrepì öpou ξωξ1 versucht Germanos, das Wirken Gottes in der Welt darzustellen und Gottes Vorsehung zu beweisen. Das Werk ist in der Form eines Dialogs abgefaßt; es unterhalten sich Meister und Schüler. Germanos hat den heiligen Basilius sehr verehrt, und so weist er diesem Kirchenlehrer des 4. Jahrhunderts die Rolle des Meisters zu. Der Schüler stellt die Fragen, die jeden Menschen immer wieder interessieren, die Fragen nach dem Sinn von Krankheit, Leid und Tod, also eben die klassischen Fragen der Theodizee. Die Gedanken des Germanos hierzu sind sehr wertvoll und sollten auch heute noch Interesse finden.
Negotiations in the Former Soviet Union: New Structure, New Dimensions
Authors: Kremenyuk Victor A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDespite a heritage of suspicion toward negotiation, the new states of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) have negotiated among themselves (and in Russia's case, within itself) to resolve the issues of the Soviet Union's dissolution and to create a new structure of relations and institutions for the future. Special situations have occurred in relations with the Baltic states, which are not members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and Chechnya, which is a restive part of Russia. Past and future issues need to be distinguished, a new structure for the CIS worked out, and new relations established with the outside world.
The Russian Way of Negotiating
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCharacteristics of Russian negotiating perceptions, behavior and tactics as reported for the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods are examined as hypotheses for verification against post-Soviet activity. Positive views of struggle and power and negative views of compromise and rhetoric, lack of initiatives, openness and constancy, and tactical ploys are presented. While evidence is not yet available to confirm these traits currently, there is a presumption of continuity that requires verification.
The Meeting in East-West Negotiations in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Svedberg Erika 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntercultural communication poses challenges to East-West negotiations in the post Cold War era. The meeting in East-West negotiations is a metaphor for the processes that were set in motion when parties representing Western and Eastern organizations respectively negotiated on cooperation projects. The projects in question were of two types: the profit driven type (joint ventures), and the NGO, non-profit driven type. In applying a relational approach to analyzing negotiations, this paper presents four different typologies of the East-West meeting. The material that forms the basis for these analytical typologies consists of the two parties' perceptions of meeting, negotiating, and cooperating with the Other. The material was gathered via the author's own experience as a negotiator of a Russian-Swedish NGO project between 1991-1994, and also by studying a number of East-West joint ventures and NGO projects in post-Soviet Russia between 1991-96. The four meeting typologies developed in the article are (1) Concurring Perceptions; (2) Mirror Perceptions; (3) Inverted Perceptions; and a type of meeting characterized by a process that has been named (4) Recreating the Other.
Why Conflicts In The Former Soviet Union Are So Difficult To Negotiate And Mediate
Authors: Lebedeva Marina M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe difficulty in using negotiation and mediation to resolve conflicts in the former Soviet Union (FSU) derives from factors coming both from the Soviet and pre-Soviet Russian periods and from the current transition. Traditional reliance on authority and government centralization led to both reliance on and distrust of central authorities, neither of which is conducive to negotiation. In the transition period, rigidity, change, long-term and short-term uncertainty, distrust, and absence of valid spokespeople all contribute to undermine negotiations. Yet, inevitably, more negotiation and mediation will be needed and eventually used.
Ethnopolitics, Strategic Bargaining, And Institutional Design: Setting The Rules Of Electoral Competition In Post-Soviet Central Asia
Authors: Luong Pauline Jones 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore the process by which elites in emerging, multi-ethnic states design new institutions or negotiate the new "rules of the game," combining the use of game theory and social-historical analysis. In doing so, it represents a first attempt to explain why state-builders in a multi-ethnic state exclude some groups while including others. I present my preliminary hypothesis that a new state creates inclusive or exclusive institutions based on its calculated perception of the threat posed by the respective bargaining strategies of the major ethnic groups residing within it, which I argue is directly influenced by the preceding state's institutional structure. In other words, those groups which pose a "credible threat" to the continued rule of present state leaders if excluded will be included, as well as those groups which can help to diffuse this threat. Yet, the assessment of this threat is based largely upon the legacy of the preceding state's institutions and policies. A detailed account of the development of electoral rules in the three newly-independent, multi-ethnic states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan serve as a "critical test" of my hypothesis.
Lost Opportunities in Negotiating the Conflict over Nagorno Karabakh
Authors: Maresca John J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThere have been at least six moments in the evolution of the Armenian-Azeri conflict over Nagomo Karabakh which can be qualified as lost opportunities for negotiation toward management of the conflict; that is, moments when movement toward resolution could have been produced. These include early CSCE involvement in 1992, cooperation with Russia in 1993, provision of a peacekeeping force in 1993, provision of a special envoy in 1994, use of the CSCE summit of 1994, and use of an oil pipeline after 1994. Other possibilities are also examined; the idea of a special envoy should be retained.
Coercive Mediation on the Road to Dayton
Authors: Touval Saadia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe article tries to explain why the American mediation at Dayton resulted in agreement, whereas previous attempts to settle the Bosnian conflict had failed. After examining the evolution of American policies prior to 1995, the article discusses the US initiative of taking the lead in the negotiation, and the methods and tactics it employed. It argues that the military operations against the Serbs do not fit the description of the mediator as a manipulator inducing a mutually hurting stalemate. The military campaign having endowed Western policies with credibility, intimidated the Serbs, and redrawn the front-lines, might be called coercive mediation. It suggests that the description of the mediator as an intervenor who does not employ force needs to be revised.
Scaffolded Participation of Children: Perspectives from India
Authors: Rampal Anita 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper offers a nuanced cross-cultural perspective on children's 'scaffolded' participation, within the 'spaces' of formal, informal and non-formal education. Contrasting children's agency in rural or urban, disadvantaged or privileged, modernising or collectivistic communities in India, it points to the tensions of 'participation' in school, work or public action, within a stratified education system which promotes 'technological' rather than 'social intelligence'. Scaffolded participation in the 'formal' school is detailed through two curricular models - the Gandhian Basic School for learning situated in productive processes, and the National Curriculum Framework 2005 for active participation in the construction of knowledge. The non-formal space of the literacy campaign is used to analyse the large-scale voluntary mobilisation of rural youth for transformative action.
Public Policy, Governance and Participation in the UK: A Space for Children?
Authors: Arnott Margaret 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article considers key concerns which have occupied political scientists' analyses of 'participation'. Children have seldom featured in these analyses. 'Participation' in public policy initiatives have been used as a means of (re)building 'trust' and 'renewing democracy'. In recent years we have seen some shift towards viewing children as direct participants in public policy. There are signs that the government in the UK is including children more directly in policies designed to 'renew' democracy and 'civil society' and that such policies are not confined to proposals to lower the voting age. The article draws upon examples from education and the running of schools in particular to reflect upon the relationship between public policy, governance and children's participation.
Children's Participation and International Development: Attending to the Political
Authors: Hart Jason 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSince the early 1990s participation has grown to become a key notion amongst child-focused international and intergovernmental development organisations. By means of participatory projects such bodies commonly seek to achieve transformation of children's lives. While considerable consideration has been given to the technical, institutional and attitudinal challenges to achievement of this goal, far less attention has been paid to the political context in which such transformation is sought. Drawing upon the emerging critique of (adult) participatory development, this article seeks to illustrate the inherent limitations of child participation resulting from the failure to confront the workings of power associated with capitalist expansion. It argues that societal change leading to the realisation of the rights of impoverished and marginalised children requires greater political will and new forms of alliance amongst international child-focused development organisations.
De Nijmeegse Criminele Ordonnantie Van 1614
Authors: Van Kappen O. Moorman 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBekanntlich ist die 1570 vom Herzog von Alba als Generalgouverneur der Niederlande angeordnete Einführung der Kriminalordonnanzen Philipps II. in vielen Provinzen auf Widerstand gestossen. Dies war im besonderen in den erst 1528 beziehungsweise 1543 in die Habsburgischen Niederlande einverleibten Provinzen Overijssel und Geldern-Zutphen der Fall, denn diese besassen noch grossenteils ihre althergekommenen Institutionen, Privilegien, Gewohnheiten, Land- und Stadtrechte, welche zu wahren Philipp II. mehrmals eidlich versprochen hatte. Der Ansicht der Landstände nach waren die Kriminalordonnanzen unrechtmässig, weil ohne ihre Mitwirkung zustandegebracht, und folglich unverbindlich. Dies um so mehr als diese Ordonnanzen, die keine salvatorische Klausel kannten und die als subsidiäre Rechtsquelle nur das 'gemeine geschriebene Recht' anerkannten, in vielen Hinsichten gegen die Privilegien, Freiheiten, Her-kommen, Land- und Stadtrechte verstiessen. Die ehemalige Reichsstadt Nimwegen spielte in dieser Widerstandsbewegung eine führende Rolle, weil sie ihre von vielen Römischen Königen und Kaisern bis ins 16. Jahrhundert hinein bestätigten Privilegien wahren wollte. Auch sie wurde jedoch letztendlich zur Publikation der Ordonnanzen gezwungen, obwohl diese unter Protest und Verwahrung des althergekommenen Stadtrechtes stattfand. In der Praxis der städtischen Strafrechtspflege wurden sie übrigens überhaupt nicht angewendet. Als 1614 die Gefahr einer 'spanischen' Wiedereroberung der Stadt endgültig gewichen schien, erliess der städtische Magistrat seine eigene Kriminalordonnanz. Diese war allerdings bei weitem nich so umfassend wie die Kriminalordonnanzen Philipps II. Bemerkenswert ist jedoch, dass die Nimwegener Stadtväter mittels dieser Ordonnanz vor allem diejenigen städtischen Kompetenzen und Rechtsregeln sicherstellten, die von den Kriminalordonnanzen Philipps gefährdet worden waren, wie auch solche, die von den Landrechten der umliegenden Ämter und von der Peinlichen Gerichtsordnung Karls V. - die in etlichen Herrschaften unter Klevischer Lehnshoheit in der Nähe der Stadt in der dortigen Strafrechtspflege angewandt wurde - abwichen. Dieser Nimwegener Kriminalordonnanz lag also nicht - wie den Kriminalordonnanzen Philipps II. - ein beflügelndes Gesamtkonzept einer 'idealen' Strafrechtspflege zugrunde, sondern nur städtisches Eigeninteresse.
Winter-to-Spring Transition in East Asia: A Planetary-Scale Perspective of the South China Spring Rain Onset
Authors: LinHo L. H. , Huang Xianglei , Lau Ngar-Cheung 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Analysis of observations from 1979 to 2002 shows that the seasonal transition from winter to spring in East Asia is marked with a distinctive event—the onset of the south China spring rain (SCSR). In late February, the reduced thermal contrast between ocean and land leads to weakening of the Asian winter monsoon as well as the Siberian high and the Aleutian low. Meanwhile, convection over Australia and the western Pacific Maritime Continent is suppressed on the passage of the dry phase of a Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). In conjunction with the seasonal march of monsoon circulation in the Indonesian–Australian sector, this MJO passage weakens the local thermally direct cell in the East Asia–Australia sector. This development is further accompanied by a series of adjustments in both the tropics and midlatitudes. These changes include attenuation of the planetary stationary wave, considerable weakening of the westerly jet stream over much of the central Pacific adjacent to Japan, and reduction of baroclinicity near the East Asian trough. The influence of concurrent local processes in midlatitudes on the SCSR onset is also important. The weakened jet stream is associated with confinement of frontal activities to the coastal regions of East Asia as well as with rapid expansion of the subtropical Pacific high from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific. A parallel analysis using output from an experiment with a GFDL-coupled GCM shows that the above sequence of circulation changes is well simulated in that model.