bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Early Orthodontic Intervention on Dental and Skeletal Development in Children with Mixed Dentition
Authors: Sandhu Avreet , Sakaria Brinda A. , Patel Sejal D. , Ahuja Gaurav , Jadeja Neeldipsinh , Mehta Aaryan , Kakkad Dinta 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The mixed dentition stage in children is a critical period for orthodontic assessment and intervention. This study investigates the effects of interceptive orthodontics on dental and skeletal development in children with mixed dentition, aiming to evaluate the potential benefits of early orthodontic treatment

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 children with mixed dentition (aged 7–11 years), who received interceptive orthodontic treatment. Dental and skeletal records, including cephalometric radiographs and dental cast models, were collected before and after treatment. A control group of 150 untreated children with mixed dentition was also assessed for comparison. Various dental and skeletal parameters, such as dental alignment, overjet (OJ), overbite (OB), and cephalometric measurements, were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
The results of this study indicate significant improvements in dental alignment and occlusion in the group of children who received interceptive orthodontic treatment. The average reduction in OJ was 3.5 mm, and the OB correction averaged 2.1 mm. Cephalometric analysis showed positive changes in skeletal relationships, with a mean reduction in the angle formed by point A, nasion (N) and point B. (ANB) angle of 2.8 degrees. These improvements were statistically significant compared to the control group (P < 0.05)

Conclusion:
Early orthodontic intervention, such as interceptive orthodontics, has a positive impact on dental and skeletal development in children with mixed dentition.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Apex Locators as a Diagnostic Tool to Detect Root Perforations: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Langaliya Akshayraj K. , Patel Neeta , Chaudhari Ekta , Kothari Anjali , Patel Shwetika , Rathod Pratiksha 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to determine how effectively four distinct apex locators could diagnose root perforations in terms of accuracy and repeatability.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty mandibular premolars with a single root were instrumented. The distal face of the root was perforated at both the apical and middle thirds, five millimeters from the apical terminus. K-files connected to apex locators were used for detection on teeth set in an alginate-filled box.

Results:
The current research showed that all four apex locators accurately detected root canal perforations.

Conclusion:
This study’s findings show that all four apex locators were able to accurately and successfully identify root canal perforations.
Prevalence of Periodontal Disease among Patients Reporting to Tertiary Care Hospital in Ranchi
Authors: Verma Santosh K. , Singh Neha , Jha Awanindra K. , Tigga Chandmani , Noorani Mohammad K. , Ekram Subia , Gupta Vivek 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Despite a huge number of advancements in the medical field, periodontitis still remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide.

Aim:
Thus, the primary aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal diseases in patients reporting to the tertiary healthcare setup in Ranchi

Materials and Methods:
Based on inclusion criteria, subjects aged 18–60 years were selected and a per forma was filled by the observer. The prevalence of periodontal disease was measured using the community periodontal index, simplified oral hygiene index, and stage of periodontitis.

Results:
Descriptive variables were assessed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviations, while the categorical analysis was performed using the Chi-square tests

Conclusion:
General awareness about periodontal health and regular dental visits should be given utmost importance among the rural populations of every developing country.
Effectiveness of Invisalign Treatment on Open Bite Correction
Authors: Karalikkattil T Lishna , Batra Namit , Vivek CR , Reddy Vivek , Manimegalan Priya , Tom Athul 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Open bite is a common orthodontic malocclusion that can have functional and aesthetic implications. Traditional orthodontic treatments have been used to correct open bites, but the effectiveness of Invisalign, a clear aligner therapy, in open bite correction remains a topic of interest

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 50 patients with open bites who underwent Invisalign treatment. Pre-treatment and post-treatment records, including cephalometric radiographs, dental models, and clinical photographs, were assessed. The open bite was defined as a negative overbite greater than 2 mm. Treatment duration, number of aligners used, and patient compliance were also recorded. Statistical analysis, including paired t-tests and subjective patient feedback, was employed to evaluate the treatment outcomes.

Results:
The mean pre-treatment open bite was -3.5 mm (SD = 1.2), and the mean treatment duration was 18 months (SD = 2.5). On average, patients received 24 sets of aligners (SD = 4.1) during the treatment. Post-treatment evaluation showed that the mean overbite improved to + 1.5 mm (SD = 0.8), indicating successful open bite correction. The paired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment open bite measurements (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was high, with 90% of participants reporting improved aesthetics and comfort

Conclusion:
Invisalign treatment demonstrates effectiveness in correcting open bites, with statistically significant improvements in overbite measurements.
Comparative Evaluation of Microbial Flora of Endodontic Origin in Teeth with Endo-Perio Lesions
Authors: Mahajan Ankit , Razi Mohammed Ahsan , Kundu Moumita , Qamar Seema , Chandra Sourav , Deep Amrita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence of microbial species in PELs is essential for effective treatment strategies

Materials and Methods:
Microbial samples were collected from 50 teeth diagnosed with PELs. Sterile paper points were used to obtain samples from the root canals. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene to identify bacterial species. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods.

Results:
The microbial analysis revealed a diverse range of bacterial species in PELs. The most prevalent species were Porphyromonas gingivalis (32.5%), Treponema denticola (28.0%), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (22.5%). Streptococcus mutans (9.0%) and Actinomyces naeslundii (8.0%) were also frequently detected. Additionally, Prevotella intermedia (7.0%), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (3.5%), and Enterococcus faecalis (2.5%) were present in lower frequencies

Conclusion:
The presence of a diverse microbial flora in teeth with PELs underscores the polymicrobial nature of these lesions. The predominance of periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum suggests a strong association between periodontal and endodontic infections. A comprehensive understanding of the microbial profile in PELs is crucial for tailored therapeutic approaches targeting the specific pathogens involved.
Comparing Laser-Assisted and Conventional Excision in the Management of Oral Soft Lesions: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Mangalekar Sachin B. , Bagde Hiroj S. , Sale Madhuri , Jambhekar Samidha V. , Patil Chetan , Deshmukh Chetan V. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Oral soft lesions represent a diverse array of pathological conditions that necessitate precise and effective treatment. Laser-assisted excision has gained prominence due to its purported benefits in terms of reduced procedural time, decreased bleeding, and improved aesthetic outcomes. However, conventional excision remains a common practice

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 patients with clinically diagnosed oral soft lesions were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the laser-assisted excision group and the conventional excision group. Demographics, lesion characteristics, and medical histories were recorded for each patient. Procedural parameters such as operative time and intraoperative bleeding were meticulously documented.

Results:
The laser-assisted excision group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in procedural duration compared to the conventional excision group (P < 0.05), with mean operative times of 15.2 and 20.8 min, respectively. Intraoperative bleeding was significantly reduced in the laser-assisted group (P < 0.01), with an average blood loss of 15.7 ml, while the conventional excision group reported an average blood loss of 28.6 ml. Postoperative complications analysis demonstrated that the laser-assisted group had a lower incidence of wound infections (P < 0.05) compared to the conventional excision group (5% vs. 15%). Additionally, the laser-assisted group exhibited significantly reduced scarring (P < 0.01) as reported by both patients and clinicians. Patient satisfaction scores were consistently higher in the laser-assisted excision group, with 85% of patients reporting contentment with the procedure, in contrast to 65% in the conventional excision group

Conclusion:
In light of the results obtained from this study, laser-assisted excision emerges as a favorable approach for the management of oral soft lesions.
The Role of Three-Dimensional Imaging (CBCT) in Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Endodontics: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hora Baljeet Singh , Varghese Anil Samson , Patil Pranav , Anbalagan Sakthivel , Chandarani Sagolsem , Shaik Naseemoon 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the field of endodontics, accurate diagnosis is pivotal for successful treatment outcomes. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) explores the potential of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a tool to enhance diagnostic accuracy in endodontic procedures

Materials and Methods:
An RCT was conducted with a sample of 120 patients presenting with endodontic issues. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A received traditional two-dimensional radiography, while group B underwent CBCT scans. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed by comparing the radiographic findings with the clinical evaluation by experienced endodontists.

Results:
The results indicated a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy in the CBCT group (group B) with an arbitrary value of 88% accuracy, compared with the traditional radiography group (group A) with only 65% accuracy. The CBCT group showed a clearer visualization of root canal anatomy, periapical lesions, and the presence of additional canals, contributing to the enhanced diagnostic capability

Conclusion:
This RCT demonstrates that CBCT significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy in endodontics compared with traditional two-dimensional radiography. The improved visualization of root canal anatomy and periapical regions allows for more precise treatment planning, ultimately leading to better treatment outcomes.
CNS Demyelination Syndromes Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Series
Authors: Hamed Yasser , Shokry Abd-Elaziz , Shehata Khaled Mohamed Ali , Osman Salma Mokhtar , Saad Khaled , Sawy Safwat Salama , Abdelrazzak Emad , Abdelmola Omran Mohamed , Mansour Tarek 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Although immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing, adverse reactions to these vaccinations have been observed in isolated cases. We aimed to report different neurological complications developed after COVID-19 vaccination.

Materials and Methods:
In our case series study, we report all cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 immunization. Clinical evaluation, brain MRI, and CSF analysis for oligoclonal bands and IgG index were performed for all patients. Other investigations were performed for selected patients, including spine MRI, EEG, VEP, and aquaporin-4.

Results:
Eighteen patients (eight males and ten females) with no history of COVID-19 infection had neurological manifestations (vertigo, ataxia, recurrent attacks of loss of consciousness, optic neuritis, and myelitis) starting within 14 days after Pfizer (n = 12) and AstraZeneca (n = 6) vaccination. MRI was obtained during the acute stage of the disease. The most common presenting symptoms were optic neuritis and hemiparesis. Sixteen patients had altered signal intensity and multiple variable-sized, round to ill-defined oval lesions suggestive of MS. Two showed findings compatible with transverse myelitis

Conclusion:
This study identified CNS demyelination complications after COVID-19 vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccination could result in CNS complications, possibly connected to a post-vaccination inflammatory process. We recommend continuous post-marketing monitoring for adverse reactions in individuals who received the vaccines to establish a connection and guarantee the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
A Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Adhesion on Different Long-Term Provisional Fixed Prostheses Fabricated by CAD/CAM Milling, 3D Printing, and Heat Cure Technique: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Kumari M. Krishna , Mohapatra Abhijita , Rath Shakti , Choudhury Gopal K. , Garhnayak Mirna , Mohapatra Abhilash 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study compares the bacterial susceptibility to three different provisional restorations manufactured with different laboratory techniques, i.e., heat cure, CAD/CAM, and 3D printing

Materials and Methods:
Totally, 45 health patients with age group of 30–60 years undergoing complete veneer crown treatment were selected for the study and divided into three groups with 15 samples in each as Group I: the crowns were made from polymethyl methacrylate polymer fabricated by the conventional heat cure method, Group 2: the crowns were made from polymethyl methacrylate fabricated by subtractive manufacturing CAD/CAM method, and Group 3: the crowns were made from oligomers fabricated by additive manufacturing 3D printing. The samples were examined for bacterial adherence at scanning electron microscope. The colony-forming units (CFUs) were calculated, and statistically analyzed.

Results:
It has been determined that the digitally fabricated provisional restorations prove to be superior in terms of surface topography than to the conventionally fabricated provisional restorations

Conclusion:
The study concludes that 3D-printed provisional restorations are more precise with reduced bacterial susceptibility than milled ones.
Evaluation of Correlation between Residual Ridge Resorption and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sawai Devashish S. , Joshi Ankur , Mishra Gaurav , Mansoor Manawar A. , Kumar Ujjawal , Suharwardy Ghulam Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the disintegration of the residual alveolar ridge.

Methods and Materials:
The study sample comprises 144 participants (64 diabetics and 80 controls). Each participant had their orthopantomagram (OPG) taken. Considering the mandibular foreman (MF) and the lower border of mandible in OPGs as landmarks, resorption of residual ridge (RRR) in mandible was evaluated.

Results:
The resorption in diabetic study participants was 36.9%, while it was 19.1% in the healthy control study participants. The RRR in the diabetic group was greater than the control group (P = 0.0039)

Conclusion:
The resorption of RRR was greater in diabetic patients.
Evaluating the Role of AI in Predicting the Success of Dental Implants Based on Preoperative CBCT Images: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rajan R. S. Senthil , Kumar H. S. Kiran , Sekhar Anand , Nadakkavukaran Davis , Feroz Shaikh M. A. , Gangadharappa Praveen 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental implant surgery has become a widely accepted method for replacing missing teeth. However, the success of dental implant procedures can be influenced by various factors, including the quality of preoperative planning and assessment. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging provides valuable insights into a patient’s oral anatomy, but accurately predicting implant success remains a challenge

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), a cohort of 150 patients requiring dental implants was randomly divided into two groups: an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted group and a traditional assessment group. Preoperative CBCT images of all patients were acquired and processed. The AI-assisted group utilized a machine learning model trained on historical data to assess implant success probability based on CBCT images, while the traditional assessment group relied on conventional methods and clinician expertise. Key parameters such as bone density, bone quality, and anatomical features were considered in the AI model.

Results:
After the completion of the study, the AI-assisted group demonstrated a significantly higher implant success rate, with 92% of implants successfully integrating into the bone compared to 78% in the traditional assessment group. The AI model showed an accuracy of 87% in predicting implant success, whereas traditional assessment methods achieved an accuracy of 71%. Additionally, the AI-assisted group had a lower rate of complications and required fewer postoperative interventions compared to the traditional assessment group

Conclusion:
The AI-assisted approach significantly improved implant success rates and reduced complications, underscoring the importance of incorporating AI into the dental implant planning process.
AI-Assisted Treatment Planning for Dental Implant Placement: Clinical vs AI-Generated Plans
Authors: Satapathy Sukanta K. , Kunam Aishwarya , Rashme Rashme , Sudarsanam Pooja Priyadarshini , Gupta Anuj , Kumar H. S. Kiran 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental implant placement is a critical procedure in modern dentistry, requiring precise treatment planning to ensure successful outcomes. Traditionally, treatment planning has relied on the expertise of clinicians, but recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened up the possibility of AI-assisted treatment planning

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients requiring dental implant placement were included in this comparative study. For each patient, a clinical treatment plan was created by an experienced dentist, while an AI algorithm, trained on a dataset of implant placement cases, generated an alternative plan. Various parameters, including implant position, angulation, and depth, were compared between the two plans. Surgical templates were fabricated based on both plans to guide implant placement accurately.

Results:
The results of this study indicate that AI-generated treatment plans closely align with clinical plans in terms of implant positioning, angulation, and depth. Mean discrepancies of less than 1 mm and 2 degrees were observed for implant position and angulation, respectively, between the two planning methods. The AI-generated plans also showed a reduction in planning time, averaging 10 min compared to the clinical planning, which averaged 30 min per case. Additionally, the surgical templates based on AI-generated plans exhibited similar accuracy in implant placement as those based on clinical plans

Conclusion:
AI-assisted treatment planning for dental implant placement demonstrates promising results in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Determinants of Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study in North India
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Dhoat Preeti S. , Kaur Navdeep , Sahoo Soumya S. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Knowledge and awareness studies reveal the basic information of the community and the misconceptions in relation to practices of a disease. The identification of such factors is important as they directly influence the health care-related interventions. Hypertension is one of the emerging noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally. So, we conducted this study to assess the status of our community regarding hypertension.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 300 hypertensive patients to assess the knowledge and awareness by a hypertension fact questionnaire. Medication adherence was assessed in the same group of patients by Hill–Bone scale—a uniform scale used worldwide.

Results:
Our study revealed a greater number of females with hypertension as compared to males and a maximum number of patients being in the age-group of 61–70 years and belonging to rural areas. Most of the patients had a secondary education as a highest educational qualification with only 10% of patients being postgraduates. A fair number of patients had a good knowledge and awareness about their disease, and most of the respondents accounted forgetfulness as a main reason for nonadherence to therapy over other reasons.

Conclusion:
Our population has good knowledge and awareness about their disease despite not having very good educational qualifications, and we need to strengthen our healthcare programs for even more greater dissemination of information.
Evaluating Study Approach of Dental Students in Palestine using a Study Process Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rabi Tarek , Arandi Naji Z. , Rabi Hakam , Assaf Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Learning approach strategies are an important factor to obtain knowledge in any professional course. Surface approach learning and deep approach learning are two main types of learning strategies.

Aim:
The aim of present study was to evaluate the study approach strategies of dental students in Palestine.

Materials and Methods:
The present study follows a cross-sectional study design, which includes 250 students from first year to fifth year at Al Quds University. The present study evaluated the study approach using a questionnaire called R-SPQ-2F that was filled by all the students using Google forms. The assessment scores from the curriculum assessment examination were also compared with the scores of the R-SPQ-2F questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze data.

Results:
The results of the ANOVA show that the students in the fifth years had significantly higher mean scores of deep learning approaches than other years (P < 0.001). The students having curriculum assessment scores above 80% showed significantly more deep learning strategies than surface learning strategies (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Deep learning approach can provide better academic outcome. Newer teaching strategies that enhance the deep learning approach should be encouraged in the dental curriculum.