bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal disease definition may determine the association between periodontitis and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Manau Carolina , Echeverria Ana , Agueda Anna , Guerrero Adrian , Echeverria Jose J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this secondary analysis is to explore whether the application of different definition criteria of periodontitis, used in other similar studies, has an influence on the significance of the association between periodontitis and prematurity or low birth weight.Material and Methods: Fourteen periodontitis definitions and more than 50 periodontal disease continuous measurements, found in 23 published studies, were applied to a cohort study that included 1296 pregnant women. The associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes were analysed using logistic regression analysis.Results: Six of the 14 tested definitions of periodontitis resulted in statistically significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for some of the adverse pregnancy outcomes, while no significance was found for the other eight case definitions. Out of more than 50 periodontal continuous measurements tested, only 17 demonstrated statistically significant ORs.Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that the significance of the association between periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes may be determined by the periodontal disease definition or measurement used.
Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana
Authors: Hooks C.R.R. , Wright M.G. , Kabasawa D.S. , Manandhar R. , Almeida R.P.P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted in Oahu, Hawaii, to investigate the effects of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) infection on growth and morphology of banana (Musa acuminata). The time interval between aphid inoculation of BBTV and the initial appearance of disease symptoms (i.e. incubation period) was also determined. Plants infected with BBTV showed a significant reduction in petiole size (i.e. length and distance), plant canopy and height, leaf area, pseudostem diameter and chlorophyll content compared with control plants. Growth differences between virus‐infected and control plants were not observed until 40–50 days after the plants were inoculated with viruliferous aphids. Other growth parameters such as petiole width and leaf production were not statistically different between infected and control plants. The incubation period of banana bunchy top disease or appearance of symptoms ranged from 25 to 85 days after aphid inoculation. However, PCR assays provided earlier detection of BBTV in banana plants compared with visual symptoms.
EXERGETIC ASSESSMENT OF DRYING OF MINT LEAVES IN A HEAT PUMP DRYER
Authors: COLAK NESLIHAN , KUZGUNKAYA EBRU , HEPBASLI ARIF 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT This article deals with the exergy analysis of a single layer drying process of mint leaves in a ground source heat pump tray dryer, which was designed and constructed in the Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. The drying process was realized at three various drying air temperatures of 40, 45 and 50C, and mass flow rate from 0.01 to 0.05 kg/s at a constant relative humidity of 16%. The effects of temperatures and mass flow rates on the exergy losses, exergy efficiencies and improvement potentials of the drying process were investigated. Maximum exergy efficiency of the drying chamber was obtained at a temperature of 50C and a drying air mass flow rate of 0.05 kg/s. The exergy efficiency values were obtained to vary from 76.03 to 97.24% at drying air temperatures of 40–50C with drying air mass flow rates of 0.01–0.05 kg/s. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study is useful for not only producers of dry mints, but also for all dry herbs. It may be successfully used in the design and performance evaluation of heat pump dryers.
SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM BLACK TEA LEAF OF IRAN
Authors: SHALMASHI ANVAR , GOLMOHAMMAD FERESHTEH , EIKANI MOHAMMAD H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT This study examines subcritical water extraction (SCWE) of caffeine from black tea leaf. The effects of various operating conditions such as water temperature (100, 125, 150 and 175C), water flow rate (1, 2 and 4 g/min), mean particle size (0.5, 1 and 2 mm) on extraction yield and rate were determined. SCWE at 175C, water flow rate of 2 g/min and mean particle size of 0.5 mm were found to be able to recover 3.82% (w/w) of caffeine present in the black tea leaf within 3 h of extraction. In comparison to the SCWE, conventional hot water extraction showed 3.30% (w/w) extraction yield. It was found also that pressure had no effect on extraction yield and rate.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRecently, subcritical water has become of great interest as an alternative solvent for extraction of natural active compounds. Subcritical water, as a green solvent, can be used in many different fields of applications. In recent years, extraction of flavors, fragrances and antioxidant components from plant materials, and hydrolysis of carbohydrates, vegetable oils and fatty acids have been widely investigated by many researchers. Using subcritical water for analytical purposes, for soil remediation and applying it as a reaction media are some other interesting fields for practical applications. Subcritical water is an excellent solvent for caffeine as well as many other organic compounds but is safer than the organic solvents that are used for caffeine extraction.
PRODUCT‐COOLING LOAD AND MOISTURE LOSS UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING PATTERNS AND COOLING RATES OF POTATOES IN COLD STORAGE
Authors: CHOURASIA M.K. , GOSWAMI T.K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Product‐cooling load is one of the most important components, contributing about two‐thirds toward the total refrigeration load during the transient cooling period of a cold storage. Therefore, time‐variable behavior of product‐cooling load is necessary for the efficient design and operation of a refrigeration system. A well‐designed refrigeration system not only avoids wastage of electrical energy but also restricts the moisture loss within permissible limit. In the present study, a total of 15 combinations, with three cooling rates and five loading patterns, were investigated and corresponding product‐cooling loads were predicted. The effect of cooling rates was studied on moisture loss as well. It was found that although the high cooling rate gave low moisture loss, it required a high capacity refrigeration system, which might not be justifiable over the reduced moisture loss during the long‐term storage period. Loading rate of the product also had a similar effect on refrigeration load as that of cooling rate. A cooling rate corresponding to half cooling time of 6.72 days (cool‐down time = 30 days) in combination with linearly decreasing product loading rate of 30 days duration gave the minimum refrigeration load with affordable increased moisture loss, which could be adopted in commercial potato cold storage.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of the present study highlight the interdependence of two different but most burning problems of the Indian potato cold storage industry, i.e., higher electrical power consumption and storage losses beyond permissible limits. The quantitative information of product‐cooling load under different combinations of loading patterns and cooling rates would enable the operators of cold storage in managing these parameters within the installed refrigeration capacity in order to avoid fluctuation in temperature of storage air and resultant storage losses.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SESAME PASTES (TAHIN) PROCESSED FROM HULLED AND UNHULLED ROASTED SESAME SEEDS AND THEIR BLENDS AT VARIOUS LEVELS
Authors: AKBULUT MEHMET , ÇOKLAR HACER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT In this study, proximate composition, certain quality and rheological properties of sesame pastes (tahin) produced from hulled roasted sesame seeds (without hull), called simply tahin, from unhulled roasted sesame seeds (with hull), so‐called Bozkir tahin, and their blends (25–75%) were determined at temperatures ranging from 15 to 65C and shear rates from 0.5 to 100 1/s. Tahin, Bozkir tahin and their blends were found to exhibit non‐Newtonian, pseudoplastic behavior at all temperatures. Apparent viscosity versus shear rate data were successfully fitted to the power law model. The flow behavior index, n, varied in the range of 0.4587–0.6830. The consistency coefficient, K, was in the range of 3.97–28.08 Pa·sn. Both parameters were significantly affected by temperature. The increase in levels of unhulled sesame seeds in tahin resulted in higher viscosity (K) for all temperatures. Temperature sensitivity of the consistency coefficient was assessed by applying an Arrhenius‐type equation, and Ea value appeared in the range of 17.87–24.92 kJ/mol.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRoasting of sesame seeds is the most significant step in tahin processing that causes important physical, chemical, structural and sensorial changes. The sesame roasting is carried out to promote more flavor, desired color and texture changes that ultimately increases the overall palatability. A major concern facing the tahin industry is the production of a product with proper consistency, emulsion stability, color and textural properties. Reliable and accurate rheological data are necessary for the design of flow process and to evaluate heating and cooling rate during different engineering operations. So, this work is very important in terms of the estimation of physicochemical and rheological properties of sesame paste containing hulls.
Small nuclear RNA variants of three Bombyx mori strains
Authors: MESA Annia , SOMARELLI Jason A. , HERRERA Rene J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe spliceosome is a high molecular weight cellular complex responsible for the removal of non‐protein coding introns from pre‐mRNA to form mature mRNA transcripts. It comprises five major uridine (U)‐rich small nuclear (sn)RNAs, to which a number of proteins bind and interact. Variant snRNAs have been identified in several organisms, although it remains to be seen whether or not these isoforms have distinct cellular roles. Nevertheless, many of these sequences have spatio‐temporal trends in expression, suggesting that the variant snRNAs are not functionally equivalent. In this report, we examine and contrast the available data on snRNAs in two strains of Bombyx mori: European 703 and Nistari from India. In addition, the genomic snRNA sequences from the p50T strain are described. Thus far, isoforms of U1, U2, U4 and U6 have been characterized in B. mori European 703 and/or Nistari strains using expression libraries. In this study, an in silico approach was used to identify the genomic counterparts of the U snRNA variants in the 6X Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) of the B. mori p50T strain. The present study is the first comparison of snRNAs in different B. mori strains. Overall, we found that 46 full length U snRNA loci and 76 suspected truncated genes are present in the B. mori genome of the p50T strain. A total of 14 full length genes match previously identified snRNAs in either the Nistari and/or the European 703 strains. Multiple sequence alignments of upstream controlling elements revealed conserved boxes in a subset of U snRNA genes. The presence of divergent promoters within specific snRNA 5′‐flanking sequences suggests that these loci may be transcribed from different controlling elements or are not expressed. The number of nucleotide differences within a given type of U snRNA is strongly correlated with its copy number in the genome (r2 = 77.8%) and it may reflect a relaxation of selection pressure on genes of higher copy number. The multiplicity in gene copy may provide for numerous, full length snRNA loci with variable sequences that adopt unique roles in pre‐mRNA splicing, possibly by modulating protein–RNA and/or RNA–RNA interactions and in doing so affecting gene expression and development.
Maternal control of cold and desiccation tolerance in eggs of the band‐legged ground cricket Dianemobius nigrofasciatus in relation to embryonic diapause
Authors: GOTO Shin G. , DOI Kengo , NAKAYAMA Shin , NUMATA Hideharu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCold and desiccation tolerance was investigated in the eggs of the band‐legged ground cricket Dianemobius nigrofasciatus in relation to embryonic diapause. Diapause eggs were more tolerant to both desiccation and cold than non‐diapause eggs. In addition, diapause‐destined eggs on day zero (0–12 h after being laid) already showed high tolerance to these stresses before entering diapause. This clearly indicates that stress tolerance, like diapause, is controlled by photoperiod, but is not directly associated with diapause itself. Because the acquisition of stress tolerance predates the onset of diapause, it is plausible that diapause programming during some period before the onset of diapause is involved in the acquisition of stress tolerance. Weights and sizes were nearly identical in short‐day and long‐day eggs until day five. Sorbitol, a major sugar alcohol in eggs of D. nigrofasciatus, was accumulated at the same level in short‐day and long‐day eggs on days zero and five. These results indicate that the surface‐to‐volume ratio as well as the accumulation of sugar alcohol is not involved in the acquisition of stress tolerance. Maternal factors are clearly involved in the acquisition of stress tolerance in D. nigrofasciatus eggs, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the tolerance are still unclear.
Tissue‐specific variation of heat shock protein gene expression in relation to diapause in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: KIM Back‐Guen , SHIM Jae‐Kyoung , KIM Dong‐Woo , KWON Yong Jung , LEE Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDiapause‐associated expression patterns of heat shock protein genes (hsp) were determined in the queen of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, a pollination insect. Partial cDNA sequences of three hsp genes –shsp, hsc70 and hsp90– were obtained, and the deduced amino acid sequences were found to be highly homologous with corresponding hsp of hymenopteran insects. Using northern hybridization, the transcript level of each gene was compared in six stages relating to diapause: pre‐mating, post‐mating, chilling for 1, 2 and 3 months, and post‐chilling. The transcript level was also compared in four tissues of adult queens: brain, thoracic muscle, gut and ovary. The transcript levels of the three hsp genes changed at various rates in relation to diapause, and each pattern was highly tissue‐specific. Overall patterns of hsc70 and hsp90 expression were similar in each tissue. The shsp level in the brain was downregulated after 1 month chilling, but its level in the ovary was upregulated during a long chilling period; levels in muscle and gut did not change in relation to diapause. The levels of both hsc70 and hsp90 in muscle were gradually upregulated in late diapause and postdiapause stages, but levels in the ovary were downregulated during the chilling period, while levels in the brain and gut did not change in relation to diapause. Our results show that the three hsp genes were differentially regulated in stage‐ and tissue‐specific manners throughout diapause, and suggest unique physiological roles for these genes in relation to diapause in each tissue of queen bumblebees.
Constructing and contesting legitimacy and accountability in polycentric regulatory regimes
Authors: Black Julia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe legitimacy and accountability of polycentric regulatory regimes, particularly at the transnational level, has been severely criticized, and the search is on to find ways in which they can be enhanced. This paper argues that before developing even more proposals, we need to pay far greater attention to the dynamics of accountability and legitimacy relationships, and to how those in regulatory regimes respond to them. The article thus first seeks to develop a closer analysis of three key elements of legitimacy and accountability relationships which it suggests are central to these dynamics: The role of the institutional environment in the construction of legitimacy, the dialectical nature of accountability relationships, and the communicative structures through which accountability occurs and legitimacy is constructed. Second, the article explores how organizations in regulatory regimes respond, or are likely to respond, to multiple legitimacy and accountability claims, and how they themselves seek to build legitimacy in complex and dynamic situations. The arguments developed here are not normative: There is no “grand solution” proposed to the normative questions of when regulators should be considered legitimate or how to make them so. Rather, the article seeks to analyse the dynamics of legitimacy and accountability relationships as they occur in an attempt to build a more realistic foundation on which grander “how to” proposals can be built. For until we understand these dynamics, the grander, normative arguments risk being simply pipe dreams – diverting, but in the end making little difference.
Development of highly polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in Austrocedrus chilensis
Authors: ARANA MARÍA VERÓNICA , BUONAMICI ANNA , SEBASTIANI FEDERICO , ALIA RICARDO , GALLO LEONARDO A. , MARCHELLI PAULA , MORENO CAROLINA , VENDRAMIN GIOVANNI G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn enriched genomic library was constructed and 9 novel polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers developed for Austrocedrus chilensis, the most economically important native conifer in the Andean Patagonian region. Polymorphism was investigated for these markers in 48 individuals from two populations. Numbers of alleles ranged from 3 to 19 and levels of observed heterozygosity among the 9 loci ranged from 0.32 to 0.95. No locus combinations exhibited linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphic markers will be useful tools for the study of demography and gene flow and more in general for population and conservation genetics of this species.
A Takayama-type extension theorem
Authors: Varolin Dror 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe prove a theorem on the extension of holomorphic sections of powers of adjoint bundles from submanifolds of complex codimension 1 having non-trivial normal bundle. The first such result, due to Takayama, considers the case where the canonical bundle is twisted by a line bundle that is a sum of a big and nef line bundle and a $\mathbb {Q}$-divisor that has Kawamata log terminal singularities on the submanifold from which extension occurs. In this paper we weaken the positivity assumptions on the twisting line bundle to what we believe to be the minimal positivity hypotheses. The main new idea is an L2 extension theorem of Ohsawa–Takegoshi type, in which twisted canonical sections are extended from submanifolds with non-trivial normal bundle.
Moyennes de certaines fonctions multiplicatives sur les entiers friables, 3
Authors: Tenenbaum Gérald , Wu Jie 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe consider logarithmic averages, over friable integers, of non-negative multiplicative functions. Under logarithmic, one-sided or two-sided hypotheses, we obtain sharp estimates that improve upon known results in the literature regarding both the quality of the error term and the range of validity. The one-sided hypotheses correspond to classical sieve assumptions. They are applied to provide an effective form of the Johnsen–Selberg prime power sieve.
On the determinant bundles of abelian schemes
Authors: Maillot Vincent , Rössler Damian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLet $\pi :\mathcal {A}\rightarrow S$ be an abelian scheme over a scheme S which is quasi-projective over an affine noetherian scheme and let $\mathcal {L}$ be a symmetric, rigidified, relatively ample line bundle on $\mathcal {A}$. We show that there is an isomorphism of line bundles on S, where d is the rank of the (locally free) sheaf $\pi _*{\cal L}$. We also show that the numbers 24 and 12d are sharp in the following sense: if N>1 is a common divisor of 12 and 24, then there are data as above such that
Moduli spaces of orthogonal and symplectic bundles over an algebraic curve
Authors: Serman Olivier 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe prove that, given a smooth projective curve C of genus g≥2, the forgetful morphism $\mathcal {M}_{\mathbf {O}_r} \longrightarrow \mathcal {M}_{\mathbf {GL}_r}$ (respectively $\mathcal M_{\mathbf {Sp}_{2r}}\longrightarrow \mathcal M_{\mathbf {GL}_{2r}}$) from the moduli space of orthogonal (respectively symplectic) bundles to the moduli space of all vector bundles over C is an embedding. Our proof relies on an explicit description of a set of generators for the polynomial invariants on the representation space of a quiver under the action of a product of classical groups.
On the local structure of Dirac manifolds
Authors: Dufour Jean-Paul , Wade Aïssa 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe give a local normal form for Dirac structures. As a consequence, we show that the dimensions of the pre-symplectic leaves of a Dirac manifold have the same parity. We also show that, given a point m of a Dirac manifold M, there is a well-defined transverse Poisson structure to the pre-symplectic leaf P through m. Finally, we describe the neighborhood of a pre-symplectic leaf in terms of geometric data. This description agrees with that given by Vorobjev for the Poisson case.
Functoriality and the inverse Galois problem
Authors: Khare Chandrashekhar , Larsen Michael , Savin Gordan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe prove that, for any prime ℓ and any even integer n, there are infinitely many exponents k for which $\mathrm {PSp}_n(\mathbb {F}_{\ell ^k})$ appears as a Galois group over $\mathbb {Q}$. This generalizes a result of Wiese from 2006, which inspired this paper.
Semistable reduction for overconvergent F-isocrystals, II: A valuation-theoretic approach
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe introduce a valuation-theoretic approach to the problem of semistable reduction (i.e. existence of logarithmic extensions on suitable covers) of overconvergent isocrystals with Frobenius structure. The key tool is the quasicompactness of the Riemann–Zariski space associated to the function field of a variety. We also make some initial reductions, which allow attention to be focused on valuations of height 1 and transcendence degree 0.
Deformation of finite morphisms and smoothing of ropes
Authors: Gallego Francisco Javier , González Miguel , Purnaprajna Bangere P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper we prove that most ropes of arbitrary multiplicity supported on smooth curves can be smoothed. By a rope being smoothable we mean that the rope is the flat limit of a family of smooth, irreducible curves. To construct a smoothing, we connect, on the one hand, deformations of a finite morphism to projective space and, on the other hand, morphisms from a rope to projective space. We also prove a general result of independent interest, namely that finite covers onto smooth irreducible curves embedded in projective space can be deformed to a family of 1:1 maps. We apply our general theory to prove the smoothing of ropes of multiplicity 3 on P1. Even though this paper focuses on ropes of dimension 1, our method yields a general approach to deal with the smoothing of ropes of higher dimension.