bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential oils from some Artemisia species growing spontaneously in North‐West Italy
Authors: Mucciarelli M. , Caramiello R. , Maffei M. , Chialva F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEssential oils were isolated from Artemisia abrotanum L., A. absinthium L., A. alba Turra, A. annua, L., A. campestris L. ssp. campestris, A. campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) H. M. Hall et Clements, A. chamaemelifolia Vill., A. genipi Weber, A. glacialis L., A. petrosa Baumg. ssp. eriantha Ten., A. umbelliformis Lam., A. vallesiaca All., A. verlotiorum Lamotte, A. vulgaris L., growing spontaneously in the north‐west Italian Alps. GC‐MS analyses were carried out in order to determine the percentage composition of the oils. The data obtained were statistically processed in order to partition the species according to their oil composition. The results showed the presence of two main groups of plants. The first group composed of A. genipi, A. umbelliformis and A. petrosa was characterized by the presence of α‐thujone, while camphor and 1,8‐cineole characterized the oil of the remaining plants.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of leaf, stem and rhizome of Alpinia speciosa
Authors: de Pooter H. L. , Aboutabl E. A. , El‐Shabrawy A. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEssential oils prepared by hydrodistillation of leaves (L), rhizomes (R), and stems (S) of Alpinia speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) K.Schum. [=Languas speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) Merrill], Family Zingiberaceae, were analysed by capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CGC‐MS). Individual components of the oil of each organ were identified by their Kováts indices and their mass spectra which were compared with published material or with data of reference compounds. Quantitative determination was carried out based on peak area integration. The study revealed that the oxygenated compounds constitute 41.7%, 52.1% and 42.8% of the oil in L, R and S, respectively. They are composed mainly of terpinen‐4‐ol (17.3%, 20.2% and 16.0%) and 1,8‐cineole (14.4%, 15.9% and 11.5%) in L, R and S, respectively. The hydrocarbons constitute 52.2% (L), 40.9% (R) and 44.3% (S) of the oil, and comprise mainly sabinene 10.1% (L), 9.8% (R) and 7.5% (S) and γ‐terpinene 11.1% (L), 9.3% (R) and 8.2% (S). The essential oils of the three organs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against certain Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as Candida albicans.
The essential oils of Australian Austromyrtus sens. lat. Part 1. The A. dulcis group
Authors: Brophy Joseph J. , Goldsack Robert J. , Fookes Christopher J. R. , Forster Paul I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIsobaeckeol (6‐hydroxy‐2,4‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylisobutyrophenone) accounted for over 80% of the leaf essential oil of one chemotype of Austromyrtus dulcis (C. T. White) L. S. Smith, the oil of which was obtained in 0.9‐1.2% yield based on fresh weight of leaves. A second chemotype of A. dulcis contained an entirely terpenoid essential oil with β‐pinene (34‐45%) and 1,8‐cineole (24‐35%) being the major components. The essential oil of this second chemotype was obtained in 0.3‐0.6% yield. The essential oil of A. tenuifolia (Sm.) Burret., obtained in 1.8‐3.0% yield contains isobaeckeol (97‐98%) as its principal component with the remainder of the oil being composed of terpenes, mainly sesquiterpenes. The oil of A. tenuifolia was qualitatively similar to one chemotype of A. dulcis.
Comparative study of the antifungal activity of essential oils from aromatic plants growing wild in the central region of Argentina
Authors: Zygadlo J. A. , Grow N. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe essential oils of Salvia gilliessi Benth., Satureja parvifolia (Phil.) Epl., Lippia polystachya Gris. and Lippia junelliana (Mold.) Tronc. which were produced from plants collected in the central region of Argentina, were analysed by GC. The oil of S. gilliessi was found to be rich in hydrocarbons (>68%). The most abundant compounds in S. parvifolia oil were alcohols and oxides (>77%), while the oils of the L. polystachya and L. junelliana contained ketones (>56%) as major components.The effect of S. gilliessi, S. parvifolia, L. polystachya and L. junelliana oils on spore germination and mycelial growth of three phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart.), Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. and Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes were studied. The essential oils exhibited mycelial inhibition at .a concentration of 1%. The three fungi were identical in their sensitivity towards the four oils.
Cyclodextrin derivatives in GC separation of enantiomers of essential oil, aroma and flavour compounds
Authors: Bicchi Carlo , Manzin Valeria , D'Amato Angela , Rubiolo Patrizia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article reviews papers published over the period 1989‐94 concerning applications of cyclodextrin derivatives (CDDs) to the separation of volatile racemates in the essential oil, extract, flavour and aroma fields by CGC techniques. For each application, the racemate separated, the CDD used for the separation and the matrix analysed are reported. The applications are grouped by the analytical technique employed: capillary gas chromatography and capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (CGC and CGC‐MS); multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC); capillary gas chromatography‐isotope ratio‐mass spectrometry (CGC‐IRMS); liquid chromatography‐capillary gas chromatography (HPLC‐CGC).
Agarwood oil (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.). Its composition and eight new valencane‐, eremophilane‐ and vetispirane‐ derivatives
Authors: Näf R. , Velluz A. , Brauchli R. , Thommen W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe profile of the total extract of agarwood oil (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) is discussed and eight new sesquiter‐penoids are presented: two with the eremophilane‐skeleton (rel‐(2R,8S,8aR)‐2‐(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐8,8a‐dimethy1‐2‐naphthyl)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ol (1, eremophila‐9,11(13)‐dien‐12‐ol) and rel‐(3R,7R,9R,10S)‐9,10‐dimethyl‐6‐methylene‐4‐oxatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]tridec‐1‐ene (2, 8,12‐epoxy‐eremophila‐9,11(13)‐diene)), one with the valencane‐skeleton (rel‐(2R,8S,8aR)‐2‐(1,2,6,7,8,8a‐hexahyro‐8,8a‐dimethyl‐2‐naphthyl)‐propan‐2‐ol (3, valenca‐1(10),8‐dien‐11‐ol)) and four with the vetispirane‐skeleton (rel‐(5R,10R)‐(2‐isopropylidene‐10‐methyl‐spiro[4,5]dec‐6‐ene‐6‐carbaldehyde (4, vetispira‐2(11),6‐dien‐14‐al), rel‐(5R,7R,10R)‐2‐isopropylidene‐10‐methyl‐6‐rnethylene‐spiro[4.5]decan‐7‐01 (5, vetispira‐2(11),6(14)‐dien‐7‐01), rel‐(1R,2R)‐9‐isopropyl‐2‐rnethyl‐8‐oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodec‐5‐ene (6, 2,14‐epoxy‐vetispir‐6‐ene) and rel‐(1R,2R)‐(9‐isopropyl‐2‐methyl‐8‐oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodeca‐4,6‐diene (7, 2,14‐epoxy‐vetispira‐6(14),7‐diene)). 2‐(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐8,8a‐dimethyl‐2‐naphthyl)‐propanal (8, valenc‐ or eremophil‐9‐en‐12‐al) is tentatively identified.
Enantiomeric composition of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of the essential oil of Cedrela odorata L
Authors: Hardt Ingo H. , Rieck Angela , Fricke Chriitiane , Konigt Wilfried A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA combination of capillary columns with conventional and chiral stationary phases in a double‐oven gas chromato‐graph (two‐dimensional gas chromatography) was employed to investigate the enantiomeric composition of several sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in the essential oil of Cedrela odorata L. Enantiomeric mixtures of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were prepared as references by isolation of individual enantiomers of opposite configuration from higher plants and liverworts (Hepaticae). Enantioselective gas chromatography using heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐pentyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin as a chiral stationary phase led to the classification of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of Cedrela odorata in four groups. The first group included sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with high enantiomeric purity, the second group those with low enantiomeric purity, the third group compounds enriched with the unusual enantiomer, and the fourth group optically inactive (achiral and racemic) compounds.
The absolute from flowers of Jasminum auriculatum Vahl from India
Authors: Joulain Daniel , Laurent Raymond 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe absolute prepared from an Indian commercial concrete from flowers of Jasminum auriculatum Vahl was examined. Column and molecular distillations, column chromatography and chemical function separations were carried out. GC‐MS and GC‐FTIR of numerous fractions thus obtained allowed the identification of 198 compounds. Among them, methyl, ethyl, (Z)‐hex‐3‐enyl, benzyl, 2‐phenylethyl and (E,E)‐farnesyl esters were found, in addition to phenols and nitrogen compounds.
Comprative headspace anaysis of living and fresh cut lime tree flowers (Tiliae flores)
Authors: Buchbauer G. , Remberg B. , Jirovetz L. , Nikiforov A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe headspace constituents of lving flowers (five hours trapping time) of the lime tree, Tilia cordata Mill. Or T platyphyllos Scop., Tiliace, as well as of cut flowers of the same tree (four hours trapping) were investigated using GC, GC‐Ms and A GC‐sniffing technique. The main components of the headspace samples of the living flowers (concentration higher than 3%), were limonene (22.2%), p‐cymene (21.7%), Δ3careen (15.3%), germaceren‐D (8.7%), β‐phellandrene (3.6%) an farnesol (3.6%), Δ3careen (5.2%), Δ‐p‐dimethylstren (4.2%), sabiene (3.2%) and γ‐cadiene (3.1%) dominated the sample of the cut floers (closed‐loop stripping technique). Additional information on the odour impression of both samples is given.
Investigation of the essential oil of cinnamon leaf grown at Bangalore and Hyderabad
Authors: Mallavarapu Gopal R. , Ramesh S. , Chandrasekhara R. S. , Rajeswara Rao B. R. , Kaul P. N. , Bhattacharya A. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe essential oil of cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) grown at Bangalore and Hyderabad has been analysed by capillary GC and GC‐MS. Besides the main constituent, eugenol (81.4‐84.5%), 47 other constituents, including those present in trace amounts, have been identified in the oil samples from the two locations. The two samples differed with respect to the relative amounts of linalol, (E)‐cinnamaldehyde, (E)‐cinnamyl acetate, β‐caryophyllene and benzyl benzoate. Also the oil content of the Hyderabad material was found to be higher than that of the Bangalore material.
Kinetics of isothermal and microwave extraction of essential oil constituents of peppermint leaves into several solvent systems
Authors: Spiro Michael , Soon Chen Sau 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rates and extents of extraction have been measured for three major constituents of peppermint oil, namely 1,8‐cineole, menthone and menthol, using the leaves of the black mint (Mentha × piperita L.). The solvents used were hexane, ethanol and mixtures of composition 90 mol% ethanol + 10mol% hexane and 90mol% hexane + 10mol% ethanol. The extractions were carried out isothermally at 25, 35 and 45°C as well as in an electrically and mechanically modified domestic microwave oven where the temperature increase varied from c. 10 to 30°C. The rates of both isothermal and microwave extractions were sensitive to the solvent employed and decreased in the order 90mol% hexane > 90mol% ethanol > hexane > ethanol. The rates of microwave extraction were also affected by the microwave power output and the size of the sample load. The activation energies for the extractions were in the range 30‐90kJ mol−1, again dependent on the solvent used. Scanning electron microscopy on the spent leaves provided evidence of a link between the kinetics of extraction and structural changes on the glands.
Determination of the enantiomeric composition of α‐terpineol in essential oils
Authors: Ravid Uzi , Putievsky Eli , Katzir Irena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNatural enantiomerically pure (4R) (+)‐α‐terpineol was detected, for the first time, in the essential oil of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce. High enantiomeric purities of the (+)‐enantiomer (78‐88%) were detected in seven other oils. Relatively high enantiomeric purities of (4S) (−)‐α‐terpineol (80%) were detected in the oils of cinnamon and Laurus nobilis L. Lower enantiomeric purities of the (−)‐enantiomer (64‐69%) were detected in another four oils, using a permethylated β‐cyclodextrin chiral capillary GC column.
Identification of a powerful aromatic component of Vitis vinifera L. var. sauvignon wines: 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one
Authors: Darriet Philippe , Tominaga Takatoshi , Lavigne Valérie , Boidron Jean‐Noël , Dubourdieu Denis 
Published: November 2006

Abstractp‐Hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB), reacts reversibly with thiols. Using this principle, an extraction method of the thiols present in wines has been established. Injecting the extracts from Vitis vinifera L. var. Sauvignon wines on to a gas‐chromatographic column using the purge and trap technique and a flame photometric detector enabled us to discover some sulphur compounds present in wines from this cultivar. On several capillary columns of different polarities, one of the peaks possesses the same retention time as the potent odourant, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one, which evokes odours of box tree and cat urine. The identification of this compound in Sauvignon wines was confirmed by mass spectrometry. These results confirm previous work obtained by coupling gas chromatography and olfactometry, and show that this thiol is present in Sauvignon wines. The perception threshold of this compound in water and in wine is very low (close to 0.1 ng/1 and 3 ng/1s respectively) and despite its low concentration in Sauvignon wines, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one seems to play a major role in the varietal aroma of the wines from this cultivar.
Zur Bildung cancerogener Kohlenwasserstoffe bei der thermischen Behandlung von Lebensmitteln.2. Mitt. Das Rösten von Bohnenkaffee und Kaffee‐Ersatzstoffen
Authors: Fritz W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Hauptmenge des 3,4‐Benzpyrens tritt neben anderen Polyaromaten vor allem in den Kaffeehäutchen und im Kaffeeteer auf; weiter werden nachgewiesen 11,12‐Benzfluoranthen, Anthanthren, 3,4‐Benzfluoranthen, Coronen und Indenopyren, und zwar auch in extrem dunkel gerösteten Bohnen. In normal gerösteten Kaffeebohnen ist der Gehalt an 3,4‐Benzpyren mit 0,3–0,5 μg/kg sehr niedrig; einige zu erwartende cancerogene Kohlenwasserstoffe wie 3,4‐Benzfluoranthen und Indenopyren entziehen sich dem Nachweis. In Malz und Gerste, den Ausgangsprodukten für Kaffee‐Ersatzstoffe, sind 0,35 bzw. 0,7 μg 3,4‐Benzpyren/kg neben anderen Polyaromaten nachweisbar. Beim Rösten von Malz in einer kohlebeheizten Röstanlage entstehen durchschnittlich 15,8 μg 3,4‐Benzpyren/kg, in einer gasbeheizten Röstanlage weisen Malzkaffee 0,9, Ersatzkaffee‐mischung 1,0 μg 3,4‐Benzpyren/kg neben anderen Polyaromaten auf.
Zur Marmorierung von Weißblech‐Konservendosen. 1. Mitt. Zum Stand der Kenntnisse
Authors: Andrae W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAusgehend von den bei der Sterilisation eiweißreicher Lebensmittel auftretenden Denaturierungserscheinungen und der Metallsulfid‐Bildung in Weißblechdosen wird das Problem der Marmorierung diskutiert. Gesicherte allgemein gültige Kenntnisse über die Abhängigkeit der Marmorierung vom Füllgut, Reaktionsmilieu, Dosenmaterial, Temperatur und Zeit fehlen; demzufolge beziehen sich die Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung nur auf Verfahren der Oberflächenbehandlung des Weißblechs.
Mechanismus der Wirkung von Synergisten auf die Erhöhung der Aktivität der Antioxydantien bei den Prozessen der Autoxydation von Fetten
Authors: Sedláček B. A. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs werden Gleichungen zum Einfluß von Synergisten auf die Regenerierung, d. h. auf die Verlängerung der Wirkung von Antioxydantien angegeben. Für Hydroxysäuren werden folgende allgemeine Gleichungen vorgeschlagen:Primäre Hydroxysäuren

Sekundäre Hydroxysäuren

Tertiäre Hydroxysäurenmagnified imageDie Gleichungen werden für die Synergisten Citronensäure, Weinsäure, Milchsäure und Phosphorsäure abgeleitet.
Examination of the iron, cupper and zinc contents in the daily menu of teen‐agers
Authors: Nagy L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Fe, Cu‐and Zn contents of the daily menu of teen‐agers were examined over two years with 124 samples taken. The samples were homogenized, subsequently dried at 104 °C finally incinerated at 480 °C. The ash was dissolved by heating with 3 N HCl. Determination of the three micro‐elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was found that the daily intake of the micro‐elements investigated is much below the value proposed by FAO/WHO, however, somewhat higher than the calculated Hungarian data. According to measurements, the average daily micro‐element intake is 10.77 ± 4.42 mg for iron; 1.23. ± 0.65 mg for copper and 9.44 ± 2.39 mg for zinc. With enumeration of iron, copper and zinc sources, dietary recommendations are given in order to increase the average values.
Influence of an inhibitor of monoaminooxidase (nialamide) on the absorption and retention of nitrogen in adult rats
Authors: Barrionuevo M. , Reche A. , Campos M. S. , Mataix J. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study was made on adult rats (170 g) of the effect of nialamide (20 mg/100 g of diet), an inhibitor of monoaminooxidase, administered for 15 or 30 days (short or long‐term, respectively), with food intake controlled (pair fed), on the absorption and retention of nitrogen, and on the nitrogen content in the liver, the gastronemio and longissimus dorsi muscles and in the small intestine. Nialamide administered for a time which can be considered prolonged (30 days) negatively affects absorption of alimentary protein, while metabolic utilization is reduced when the drug is administered both in the short and the long term. Proteic catabolism is less marked in male rats, due to the hormonal anabolizant situation in this sex. Nitrogen content under the effect of nialamide showed no significant variation in the gastronemio muscle or in the small intestine. There is a clear reduction in the longissimus dorsi muscle and an increase in the liver of those animals of both sexes treated with the drug, with the exception of male rats given nialamide in the long term.
Proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria in skim milk with special reference to the biodegradation of casein fractions
Authors: Hegazi Fakhreya Z. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStreptococci and lactobacilli were assayed for their proteolytic activity in pasteurised (95 °C for 30 min) fresh Friesian cows' skim milk incubated at 30 °C for 48 h. Lactobacilli were more proteolytic than the streptococci except S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens. S. faecalis and S. thermophilus followed S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis in the proteolytic activity. Electrophoretic analysis of the precipitated casein revealed K‐, pre‐β‐and the small slow band of αs1‐casein to be the most fractions and β‐casein the least fraction susceptable to the biodegradation. S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens was the only organism able to degrade β‐casein to 3 fractions within 48 h. S. lactis with its subsp. diacetylactis was characterized by its inability to degrade γ‐casein.Addition of 2.0 g glucose, 0.5 g yeast extract, 2.0 mmol Mg2+, 0.5 mmol Mn2+ and 0.1 mmol Fe2+/l of skim milk culture of each L. casei and L. plantarum increased acid formation but decreased proteolysis. 6% NaCl was inhibitory to both. After 60 days at 18 °C, a fraction, probably derived from β‐casein, was noticeable. The large intense band of αs1‐casein appears to be degraded gradually to only small peptides which in turn are transfered immediately into the cells. The hydrolysis of γ‐casein and β‐casein also appears to be inhibited by exogenously supplied NaCl and nutrients, respectively.
Relationship between regional hemodynamic activity and simultaneously recorded EEG‐theta associated with mental arithmetic‐induced workload
Authors: Sammer Gebhard , Blecker Carlo , Gebhardt Helge , Bischoff Matthias , Stark Rudolf , Morgen Katrin , Vaitl Dieter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTheta increases with workload and is associated with numerous processes including working memory, problem solving, encoding, or self monitoring. These processes, in turn, involve numerous structures of the brain. However, the relationship between regional brain activity and the occurrence of theta remains unclear. In the present study, simultaneous EEG‐fMRI recordings were used to investigate the functional topography of theta. EEG‐theta was enhanced by mental arithmetic‐induced workload. For the EEG‐constrained fMRI analysis, theta‐reference time‐series were extracted from the EEG, reflecting the strength of theta occurrence during the time course of the experiment. Theta occurrence was mainly associated with activation of the insular cortex, hippocampus, superior temporal areas, cingulate cortex, superior parietal, and frontal areas. Though observation of temporal and insular activation is in accord with the theory that theta specifically reflects encoding processes, the involvement of several other brain regions implies that surface‐recorded theta represents comprehensive functional brain states rather than specific processes in the brain. The results provide further evidence for the concept that emergent theta band oscillations represent dynamic functional binding of widely distributed cortical assemblies, essential for cognitive processing. This binding process may form the source of surface‐recorded EEG theta. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncertainty and multiple objective calibration in regional water balance modelling: case study in 320 Austrian catchments
Authors: Parajka J. , Merz R. , Blöschl G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe examine the value of additional information in multiple objective calibration in terms of model performance and parameter uncertainty. We calibrate and validate a semi‐distributed conceptual catchment model for two 11‐year periods in 320 Austrian catchments and test three approaches of parameter calibration: (a) traditional single objective calibration (SINGLE) on daily runoff; (b) multiple objective calibration (MULTI) using daily runoff and snow cover data; (c) multiple objective calibration (APRIORI) that incorporates an a priori expert guess about the parameter distribution as additional information to runoff and snow cover data. Results indicate that the MULTI approach performs slightly poorer than the SINGLE approach in terms of runoff simulations, but significantly better in terms of snow cover simulations. The APRIORI approach is essentially as good as the SINGLE approach in terms of runoff simulations but is slightly poorer than the MULTI approach in terms of snow cover simulations. An analysis of the parameter uncertainty indicates that the MULTI approach significantly decreases the uncertainty of the model parameters related to snow processes but does not decrease the uncertainty of other model parameters as compared to the SINGLE case. The APRIORI approach tends to decrease the uncertainty of all model parameters as compared to the SINGLE case. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.