bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on the solid‐state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Gowd E Bhoje , Ramesh C 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) (poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME)) of number average molecular weight 1000 g mol−1 was melt blended with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) oligomer. NMR, DSC and WAXS techniques characterized the structure and morphology of the blends. Both these samples show reduction in Tg and similar crystallization behavior. Solid‐state polymerization (SSP) was performed on these blend samples using Sb2O3 as catalyst under reduced pressure at temperatures below the melting point of the samples. Inherent viscosity data indicate that for the blend sample with PEG there is enhancement of SSP rate, while for the sample with PEGDME the SSP rate is suppressed. NMR data showed that PEG is incorporated into the PET chain, while PEGDME does not react with PET. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Discussion of C.R. Burn's ‘lake‐bottom thermal regimes, western Arctic coast, Canada’
Authors: Riseborough D. W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIf the seasonal maximum ice thickness in a lake environment is assumed to be analogous to the active layer in terrestrial permafrost, the offset concept highlights important differences between terrestrial and lacustrine thermal regimes. The processes contributing to the unique influence of lakes on permafrost are (in order of decreasing importance): the ratio between winter (snow+surface ice freezing/conduction+free convection) and summer (forced convection) heat transfer coefficients, storage of accumulated summer heat beneath lake snow cover, and asymmetry of lake‐ice freezing and thawing geometries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cathodoluminescence measurements on heavily boron doped homoepitaxial diamond films and their interfaces with their Ib substrates
Authors: Baron C. , Deneuville A. , Wade M. , Jomard F. , Chevallier J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHeavily boron doped 1.8 to 2.4 µm thick homoepitaxial diamond films with 1.5 × 1021 cm–3 ≤ [B] ≤ 1.75 × 1021 cm–3 have been deposited directly on their (100) Ib substrates at 830 °C. Their cathodoluminescence spectra probe the controlled thicknesses from 0.28 to 2.8 µm, therefore the bulk of the films as well as their interfaces with their substrates. The bulk of these films exhibit a band with shoulders ascribed to BETO (5.036 eV), FETO (5.094 eV) and BENP (5.184 eV) excitons whose energies are downward shifted by about 180 meV in comparison with monocrystalline diamond with low [B] < 5 × 1018 cm–3. This large shift allows the appearance of narrow peaks around 5.216, 5.271 and 5.357 eV ascribed to BETO, FETO and BENP from interfacial layers with low [B]. From their BETO to FETO ratio, their concentration of boron on isolated substitutional sites is significantly lower than their total low [B] content measured by SIMS. A tentative model is proposed to explain the characteristics of these 40 to 160 quasihomogeneous interfacial layers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An EWMA Solution to Detect Shifts in a Bernoulli Process in an Out‐of‐control Environment
Authors: Chakhunashvili Alexander , Bergman Bo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart has mainly been used to monitor continuous data, usually under the normality assumption. In addition, a number of EWMA control charts have been proposed for Poisson data. Here, however, we suggest applying the EWMA to hypergeometric data originating from a multivariate Bernoulli process. The problem studied in this paper concerns the wear‐out of electronics testers resulting in unnecessary and costly reparations of electronic units. Assuming that the testing process is in statistical control, although the quality of the tested units is not, we can detect the wear‐out of a tester by finding assignable causes of variation in that tester. This reasoning forms the basis of a new EWMA procedure designed to detect shifts in a Bernoulli process in an out‐of‐control environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Mean and Tolerance Allocation Using Conformance‐based Design
Authors: Savage Gordon J. , Tong Dehui , Carr Stephen M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we invoke probability constrained optimization to establish a framework for allocating means and tolerances in design for quality that focuses on customer satisfaction at predictable cost levels. The optimal allocation minimizes the production costs while ensuring that responses conform probabilistically to their specification limits. An overall system probability of conformance is obtained from a quality policy (e.g. defect rate, process capability index). Probabilities are evaluated using limit‐state functions and fast integration methods. The three quality metrics (i.e. target/larger/smaller‐is‐best) and robustness are addressed naturally. The methodology is developed in detail and compared with the traditional minimum total cost approach. Optimal means and tolerances are found for an electro‐mechanical servo system and a power division circuit to illustrate the practicality and potential of the approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for pregnane glycosides with immunological activities from the stems of Stephanotis mucronata by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Cao Xiaoji , Tai Yuanpo , Li Xiaoyu , Ye Yiping , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe stems of the Chinese traditional medicine Stephanotis mucronata were screened for immunologically active pregnane glycosides using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In the mass spectra of pregnane glycosides, predominant [M+Na]+ ions were observed and used to determine the molecular masses, while fragmentation reactions of the [M+Na]+ ions were recorded to provide information on the primary sequences of oligosaccharide chains in terms of classes of monosaccharide. Fragment ions from the side‐chain cleavage of aglycone portions can provide mass information about side‐chain substitutions. To further confirm the fragment ion structures, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) with low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation was performed using samples collected from HPLC fractions, which provided accurate elemental compositions of fragment ions. Based on fragmentation patterns and comparison with standards, ten pregnane glycosides were identified as stemucronatosides C, D, F, and G, mucronatosides A, B, and C, stephanoside E, and two glycosides that are identified in the S. mucronata extracts for the first time. The latter two pregnane glycosides are 12‐O‐cinnamoyldeacetylmetaplexigenin‐3‐O‐6‐deoxy‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐β‐D‐cymaropyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐β‐D‐cymaropyranoside and 12‐O‐cinnamoyl‐20‐O‐acetyl (20S)‐pregn‐6‐ene‐3β,5α,8β,12β,14β,17β,20‐heptaol 3‐O‐β‐D‐thevetopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐β‐D‐cymaropyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐β‐D‐cymaropyranoside. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative effect of factors governing molecular ion yields in desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Nishikaze Takashi , Takayama Mitsuo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFactors governing the molecular ion yields of amino acids and peptides have been studied using fast atom bombardment (FAB) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) in positive‐ion mode. The ion yields of protonated amino acids under FAB conditions are dependent on proton affinity (PA), hydrophobicity, and aromaticity of amino acids. Both PA and hydrophobicity contribute to an increase in the ion yields, while aromaticity contributes to a decrease. In MALDI, the ion yields increase linearly with the increase of PA of amino acids with the exception of lysine. In both FAB and MALDI experiments with peptides, the presence of arginine residues is essential for producing abundant protonated peptides. In FAB, the presence of aliphatic and hydrophobic amino acids (leucine and isoleucine) increases the ion yields of protonated peptides, while some hydrophilic amino acids (aspartic acid and asparagines) decrease the ion yields. The presence of two or more arginine residues does not give higher ion yields in FAB. In MALDI, the presence of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) enhances the signals for protonated peptides. Thus, physicochemical factors of individual amino acids cooperatively affect the ion yields of protonated amino acids and peptides. These factors governing the ion yields in FAB and MALDI affect two processes, desorption and ionization, that can be considered independently. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of unknown compounds in gentamicin bulk samples with liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Bo , Adams Erwin , Van Schepdael Ann , Hoogmartens Jos 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSix unknown compounds present in bulk gentamicin samples have been identified by ion‐pairing reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry. The structures of these unknown compounds were deduced by comparison of their fragmentation patterns with those of the available related substances and gentamicin reference substances. Seven other unknown components were partially identified. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural assignment of isomeric 2‐aminopyridine‐derivatized monosialylated biantennary N‐linked oligosaccharides using negative‐ion multistage tandem mass spectral matching
Authors: Deguchi Kisaburo , Takegawa Yasuhiro , Ito Hiroki , Miura Nobuaki , Yoshioka Shinji , Nagai Shinji , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo investigate the possibility of structural assignment based on negative‐ion tandem multistage (MSn) mass spectral matching, four isomers of 2‐aminopyridine (PA)‐derivatized monosialylated oligosaccharides (i.e., complex‐type N‐glycans with an α2‐3‐ or α2‐6‐linked sialic acid on α1‐6 or α1‐3 antennae) were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐IT‐TOFMS). The negative ion [M–2H]2− is observed predominantly in the MS1 spectra without the loss of a sialic acid. The MS2 spectra derived from it are sufficiently reproducible that MS2 spectral matching based on correlation coefficients can be applied to the assignment of these isomers. The isomers containing a sialic acid on α1‐6 or α1‐3 antennae can be distinguished by MS2 spectral matching, but the α2‐3 and α2‐6 linkage types of sialic acid cannot be distinguished by their MS2 spectra. However, MS3 spectra derived from fragment ions containing a sialic acid (i.e., C4‐ and D‐type ions) clearly differentiate the α2‐3 and α2‐6 linkage types of sialic acid in their MS3 spectral patterns. This difference might be rationalized in terms of a proton transfer from the reducing‐end mannose to the negatively charged sialic acid. These two moieties are very close in the structural conformations of the precursor C4‐type fragment ions of α2‐6 linkage type, as predicted by molecular mechanics calculations. Thus, negative‐ion MSn (n = 2, 3) spectral matching was demonstrated to be useful for the structural assignment of these four monosialylated PA N‐glycan isomers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding the analytical potential of channel locational probability maps using cellular statistics
Authors: Staley Dennis M. , Wasklewicz Thad A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe planimetric shifts in channel location of large alluvial rivers are a critical component in the creation of diverse structures and functions in riverine habitats. Engineered management schemes must also compensate for this type of channel change to protect resources and maintain navigation channels. The stability of the Lower Mississippi River channel was assessed through an analysis of historical records of channel position produced and archived by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Channel location was recorded for the years 1765, 1820, 1881, 1915, 1930, 1937, 1960 and 1970. Channel stability was measured by two introduced metrics on a cell‐by‐cell basis: (1) the standard deviation of Euclidean distance to a channel cell for the entire period of record, and (2) the rate of Euclidean distance change between years in the period of record. At a coarse spatial scale, channel instability increased in the downstream direction. The variability of channel stability also increased in the downstream direction. Analysis of this variability identified alternating areas of high and low stability occurring with greater frequency as distance downstream increased. These findings are validated by past studies of channel stability along the Lower Mississippi River. As a result, the proposed metrics provide a consistent, quantitative, efficient and cost‐effective means of identifying areas of channel instability at several spatial scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causes of mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts in a restored river and its estuary
Authors: Koed Anders , Baktoft Henrik , Bak Brian Daniel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDuring October 2000 to August 2002, the River Skjern Nature Project was implemented by removing dykes and re‐meandering 20.5 km of the lower canalized river. As a consequence the length of the river stretch increased to 23 km. A lake of 250 ha developed in the river valley 5 km upstream from the river mouth because of subsiding soils caused by reclamation and drainage since the 1960s. Using radiotelemetry, the mortality of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts in the River Skjern and its estuary was investigated prior to and after the implementation of the project. Altogether, 77 Atlantic salmon and 66 brown trout smolts were caught, tagged and released in the river upstream of the restoration project during the spring of 2000 and 2002. The in‐river smolt mortality was more than double in 2002 for both Atlantic salmon and brown trout compared with 2000. This was primarily due to bird predation in 2002 which was not observed in 2000. The in‐river bird predation in 2002 was mediated by the new lake, which quickly became an important bird rest area. Estuarine mortality mainly caused by cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) differed significantly between species, but was high for both Atlantic salmon (39%) and brown trout (12%) in both years of investigation. The aggregated smolt mortality in the river and in the estuary (48%) may threaten an indigenous self‐sustaining Atlantic salmon population in the River Skjern. When planning river restoration projects, caution should be used, especially where permanently flooded floodplains (lakes) develop due to subsiding soil. In situations where rivers pass directly through newly developed lakes, migratory species such as Atlantic salmon and brown trout may be severely affected due to increased exposure to predation from predatory fish and birds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time organ motion tracking and fast image registration system for MRI‐guided surgery
Authors: Tokuda Junichi , Hirano Masaya , Tsukamoto Tetsuji , Dohi Takeyoshi , Hata Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided surgery, in which MR images taken during surgery are used to guide the surgery, has been recognized recently. However, there is a problem, due to long imaging time of MRI, that it is difficult to capture the respiratory organ motion. It is often a constraint that the patient must hold his or her breath, especially in the treatment of the abdominal region. Consequently, this paper proposes a method of eliminating this constraint in MRI‐guided surgery by real‐time monitoring of the movement of the organ involved in the surgery by means of the signal derived from MRI. Specifically, the navigator echo is extracted in imaging during surgery. The movement of the organ involved in surgery is detected on the basis of the change in the calculated projection profile, and the results are presented to the surgeon. In this study, the procedure is built into a 1.5‐T clinical MRI system. The feasibility of the proposed system was examined under clinical conditions by evaluating its accuracy and delay in a phantom experiment, and also in an in vivo experiment on the liver of a volunteer. The results are reported in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 83–92, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20186
Analysis of Japanese dance movements using motion capture system
Authors: Yoshimura Mitsu , Murasato Hideki , Kai Tamiko , Kuromiya Akira , Yokoyama Kiyoko , Hachimura Kozaburo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this research, the authors evaluate the degree to which dancers copy or follow the techniques of a master, or the degree of proficiency, by analyzing movements in traditional Japanese dance. The data used consist of three‐dimensional time series for traditional Japanese dance movements acquired using optical motion capture system. In the authors' prior research, three moving coordinate systems which would move according to the translation and rotation of the body were used to extract the portion of the target movement. In this research, the authors consider a moving coordinate system which simultaneously takes into consideration translation, rotation, correction of orientation, and correction of waist tremble. In their prior research, the authors defined indices for movement stability and frequency characteristics as indices to quantitatively represent in an objective fashion the degree of proficiency of a dancer. Separate from this, in the current research the authors define an index with the spectrum component using a Gabor transform and an index for the amount of translation. The authors had a total of five people, a master from a particular dance school and four dance students of different genders and at different experience levels (all the master's students), perform dance experiments. The authors then extracted the target movements, measured the indices using the extraction results, and attempted to evaluate the degree of proficiency based on the proposed indices. Extraction was sufficiently precise, and the authors were able to confirm that the indices represent the differences appearing due to degree of proficiency and gender. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 71–82, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20250
Using pseudo‐data to correct for publication bias in meta‐analysis
Authors: Bowden Jack , Thompson John R. , Burton Paul 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn many ways, adjustment for publication bias in meta‐analysis parallels adjustment for ascertainment bias in genetic studies. We investigate a previously published simulation‐based method for dealing with complex ascertainment bias and show that it can be modified for use in meta‐analysis when publication bias is suspected. The method involves simulating sets of pseudo‐data under the assumed model using guesses for the unknown parameters. The pseudo‐data are subjected to the same selection criteria as are believed to have operated on the original data. A conditional likelihood is then used to estimate the adjusted values of the unknown parameters. This method is used to re‐analyse a published meta‐analysis of the effect of theMTHFRgene on homocysteine levels. Simulation studies show that the pseudo‐data method is unbiased; they give an indication of the number of pseudo‐data values required and suggest that a two‐stage adjustment produces less variable estimates. This method can be thought of as an example of the selection model approach to publication bias correction. As the selection mechanism must be assumed, it is important to investigate the sensitivity of any conclusions to this assumption. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of misclassification rates of search partition analysis and other classification methods
Authors: Marshall Roger J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSearch partition analysis (SPAN) is a method to develop classification rules based on Boolean expressions. The performance of SPAN is compared against the trials reported by Lim et al. of 33 other methods of classification, including tree, neural network and regression methods on 16 data sets, most of which were health related. Each data set was augmented with noise variables in further trials. Lim et al. assessed the performance of the methods by estimates of misclassification rate, either cross‐validated or test sample based. In this paper, the same data sets are analysed by SPAN and misclassification rates of the SPAN classifiers are estimated. Comparison is made of the performance of SPAN against the other methods that were considered by Lim et al. In terms of average misclassification error rate, taken over all data sets, SPAN was among the best five methods. In terms of average ranking of misclassification, that is, for each data set ranking the misclassification rates from lowest to highest, SPAN was second only to polyclass logistic regression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and blow up of solutions to certain classes of two-dimensional nonlinear Neumann problems
Authors: Medville Kai , Vogelius Michael S. 
Published: December 2005

In this paper we study, analytically and numerically, the existence and blow up of solutions to two-dimensional boundary value problems of the form

\mathrm{\Delta }u_{\lambda } = 0

in

Ω

,

\partial u_{\lambda }/ \partial \mathbf{n} = Du_{\lambda } + \lambda f(u_{\lambda })

on

∂Ω

. We place particular emphasis on

f(u) = \mathrm{\sinh }(u) = {(\mathrm{e}^{u}−\mathrm{e}^{−u})}/{2}

, in which case the nonlinear flux boundary condition is frequently associated with the names of Butler and Volmer.

Résumé

Dans cet article nous étudions, analytiquement et numériquement, l'existence et l'explosion de solutions de problèmes aux limites bi-dimensionnels de la forme

\mathrm{\Delta }u_{\lambda } = 0

dans

Ω

,

\partial u_{\lambda }/ \partial \mathbf{n} = Du_{\lambda } + \lambda f(u_{\lambda })

sur

∂Ω

. Nous portons une attention particulière à

f(u) = \mathrm{\sinh }(u) = {(\mathrm{e}^{u}−\mathrm{e}^{−u})}/{2}

, situation dans laquelle la condition non linéaire sur le flux au bord est fréquemment associée aux noms de Butler et Volmer.
Induction of BAALC and down regulation of RAMP3 in astrocytes treated with differentiation inducers
Authors: Moodbidri Madhavi S. , Shirsat Neelam V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGenes controlling proliferation and differentiation of astrocytes are likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of astrocytic gliomas and could serve as therapeutic targets. mRNA differential display analysis identified two genes, viz. BAALC and RAMP3, whose expression is altered in primary astrocytes treated with differentiation inducers. BAALC, which has been reported to be expressed in neural progenitor cells, was found to be up regulated in both normal and malignant astrocytes on inhibition of proliferation. RAMP3 functions as a modulator of the receptor for adrenomedullin (AM). AM has been suggested to act as autocrine/paracrine growth factor for gliomas. Our studies show RAMP3 down regulation on staurosporine treatment of astrocytes, suggesting protein kinase C inhibition as a possible strategy for inhibiting AM activity and thereby growth of glioma cells.