bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The History of Economic Entomology in Victoria from the Time of Charles French
Authors: HOGAN T. W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTCharles French was appointed Government Entomologist of Victoria in 1889, the first such appointment in Australia. the first section of this essay outlines his career and how he set up the Entomology Branch of the Department of Agriculture. It was here, with remarkable energy and efficiency, that he carried out administrative services and investigations into all aspects of prevention and control while at the same time preparing his monumental Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria. In this he covered the nomenclature, biology and control of 132 insect species with comments that reflect an objective approach and deep insight in relation to biological problems.An account is then given of the evolution of research and development of economic entomology in Victoria on the firm foundations provided by French. the Entomology Branch continued to be the central body for economic entomology in Victoria, conducting research projects for primary industry, investigations on behalf of state authorities and the issuing of recommendations on treatments for a wide range of insect problems affecting industry and the public.A selection of the projects that illustrate the progress of the subject over the past century in Victoria are described. These show a strong trend towards biological methods of control which has been accelerated in recent years by advances in molecular biology and genetics. It is concluded that these, together with ecological and environmental issues, herald the dawn of a new era in this vital subject.
Amitermes arboreus Roisin in Australia, with Notes on its Biology (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: MILLER L. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Amitermes arboreus Roisin, which was described from a single colony collected in Papua New Guinea, is widely distributed in Northern Australia. Probably colonies are founded in the crowns of trees rather than at ground level. In Australia the species is commonly associated with Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt) in eucalypt trees. the structure of the imago/worker mandibles of A. arboreus indicates a humus‐ or soil‐feeding diet and it probably feeds on material deposited in trees by C. acinaciformis.
Nests and Queen Migration in Schedorhinotermes actuosus (Hill), Schedorhinotermes breinli (Hill) and Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: MILLER L. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA queen of the termite Schedorhinotermes actuosus was collected from a nest in a log at Gunn Point, N.T. There is evidence that the queen migrated to the log from some other nest site. S. actuosus does not appear to have either of the intermediate soldier forms known to exist in some other Schedorhinotermes spp. A nest series of S. breinli from Kakadu also provided evidence of colony migration. Queens of Coptotermes acinaciformes migrate seasonally within their mounds. It is suggested that migration of queens may be common and its occurrence in some other species is briefly discussed.
Effect of the Biotic Insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis and a Pyrethroid on Survival of Predators of Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: GREENER ANNA , CANDY STEVEN G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTIn a laboratory trial Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis adversely affected survival of Chauliognathus lugubris (F.) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a major predator of the target insect Chrysophtharta bimaculata. Survival of two coccinellids and adult C. bimaculata was not affected. the pyrethroid cypermethrin adversely affected all insects tested. Both cypermethrin and B. thuringiensis are used to control C. bimaculata larvae in Tasmanian eucalypt plantations.
Seasonal Occurrence, Development and Reproductive Biology of the Different Morphs of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales
Authors: ASANTE S. K. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAs with many other aphids, the woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), is polymorphic; despite the fact that in Australia its life cycle is restricted to apple trees. the different morphs are: (1) apterous virginoparae; (2) alate sexuparae or virginoparae; and (3) sexuales (males and oviparae). the apterous virginoparae occur on apple trees throughout the year. the alate aphids are the offspring of apterous virginoparae and they occur first in November and then from late January to late April. Alate aphids appearing in early November produce only virginoparae, alates appearing from late November to late January produce a mixture of virginoparae and sexuales, whereas those appearing from February to April produce exclusively sexuales. Sexuales are apterous, have degenerate mouth parts and oviparae produce non‐viable eggs. Although males and oviparae of this aphid appear seasonally, perpetuation of the species appears to be entirely parthenogenetic, and overwintering is accomplished in the form of cold‐hardy apterous virginoparae. Apterous virginoparae attain a rapid rate of nymphal development, large adult size, high fecundity and high population growth rate in the spring compared to summer, autumn and winter. However, populations peak in February‐March each year.
Virus Infection and Vector Competence of Aedes alternans (Westwood) (Diptera: Culicidae) for Ross River Virus
Authors: WELLS P. J. , RUSSELL R. C. , CLOONAN M. J. , HUESTON L. , GEARY M. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Aedes alternans collected from Batemans Bay on the south coast of New South Wales were infected orally with three different concentrations of a strain of Ross River (RR) virus previously isolated from the area. At the middle and highest concentrations, replication and amplification of the virus occurred in the mosquito, but virus transmission to suckling mice could not be demonstrated. This suggests Ae. alternans is not a competent vector of RR virus.
Life History of Afrocypholaelaps africana (Evans) (Acari: Ameroseiidae), a Mite Inhabiting Mangrove Flowers and Phoretic on Honeybees
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D. , WALTER DAVID EVANS 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTIn October 1993, umbels of the river mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum were infested by the ameroseiid mite Afrocypholaelaps africana (up to 32,000 m‐2 of mangrove canopy) at each of 11 sites sampled in southeastern Queensland. Mite populations declined as flowering decreased and were locally extinct by 20 January. Individual mangrove florets lasted about 6 d; umbels were in flower for about 10 d. Unopened buds were mite‐free, but newly opened florets were colonised by all post‐embryonic stages of the mite. In the laboratory, the mites fed on pollen and sugar water. Mites dispersed on honeybees (Apis mellifera) primarily as egg‐bearing adult females; however, a relatively small proportion of males and immature stages also occurred on bees. Only adult females have sucker‐like ambulacral pads lacking claws, an apparent adaptation for phoresy. Most mites boarded and departed the bee via the tongue and were found on the venter of the head and thorax of the bee. Additionally, bees collected mites with pollen, and crushed many immature mites into their pollen baskets. Large populations of mites occurred on honeybees at beehives during late April.
Generic Placements of Australian Ants Described by W. F. Erichson (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SHATTUCK S. O. , McARTHUR A. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe generic placements of the five species of Australian ants described by Erichson in 1842 are reviewed. Three of the species,Amblyopone australis, Camponotus consobrinusandPolyrhachis hexacantha, are correct in their current placements. the remaining species,macrocephalaandprocidua, were incorrectly placed inIridomyrmexMayr and are transferred toCamponotusMayr andAnonychomyrmaDonisthorpe, respectively. A neotype is designated forC. macrocephalus, which is a new senior synonym ofC. fictorForel. the junior secondary homonymC. macrocephalusEmery, from Brazil, is replaced with its former junior synonymC. geralensisEmery (which is raised to full species).
A New Species of Eocincticornia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Eucalyptus fasciculosa in South Australia
Authors: KOLESIK P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA new gall midge species, Eocincticornia malarskii, is described from galls on Eucalyptus fasciculosa F. Muell. from South Australia. Detailed descriptions of the larva, pupa, male, female and infestation symptoms are given. the new species is compared to E. australasiae Felt, the only other known species of the genus.
Two Remarkable New Genera and Species of Troglobitic Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nullarbor Caves
Authors: MOORE B. P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Speozuphium poulteri gen. et sp.n. and Speothalpius grayi gen. et sp.n. are described from Weebubbie and Nurina Caves, respectively, in the West Australian division of the Nullarbor Plain and are placed in the carabid tribe Zuphiini. These species are remarkable for their high level of adaptation to the cave environment and they provide the first records of undoubtedly troglobitic Carabidae from mainland Australia.
Effects of Neem Seed Extract on Feeding Frequency of Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Pecan Nuts
Authors: SEYMOUR JAMIE , BOWMAN GLENN , CROUCH MICHAEL 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTDifferent concentrations of neem seed extract, containing azadirachtin, were found to significantly decrease the number of feeding sites by the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula, on pecan nuts. Application of this extract to nuts decreased the feeding scars on nuts from 6.6 per bug per 24 h to 1.9 per bug per 24 h. This decrease was independent of azadirachtin concentration suggesting that only low application rates of this substance may be necessary to significantly reduce the damage done by this insect in pecan orchards.
Influence of Trap Height on Catches of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Wind‐Oriented Fly Traps
Authors: VOGT W. G. , VAN GERWEN A. C. M. , MORTON R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTCatches of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, were compared in wind oriented traps operated at heights of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m above ground. Numbers caught at 0.5 m were significantly lower than the rest. Female catches were significantly higher than male catches, but sex ratios and female age compositions were similar for catches at all heights. Traps that were operated without baits failed to catch any L. cuprina irrespective of whether or not the traps were seeded with adults of both sexes. Total catches of L. cuprina in baited traps were unaffected by seeding the traps with live adults.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Selective Acaricides Dicofol and Propargite for Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Australian Cotton
Authors: WILSON L. J. , HERRON G. A. , LEIGH T. F. , ROPHAIL J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTEfficacy of the selective acaricides dicofol (960 g a.i./ha) and propargite (1,500 g a.i./ha) for control of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on cotton was compared to profenofos (750 g a.i./ha), a broad‐spectrum acaricidal organophosphate which was the industry standard. Ground and aerial applications of propargite reduced mite populations to lower levels for longer than the other compounds. Ground applications of dicofol and profenofos provided equivalent efficacy, but it was only about half that of propargite. A side dressing of the granular insecticide aldicarb (1,500 g a.i./ha) was included at one site and, although it suppressed mite populations, was less efficacious than propargite and uneconomic for commercial use. Dicofol and propargite are now registered for commercial use in cotton. Results of laboratory bioassays suggest that T. urticae populations collected from several cotton farms in New South Wales are presently susceptible to both compounds. the incorporation of these products into the insecticide resistance management strategy for cotton is discussed.
The Oriental Red Mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acarina: Tetranychidae), in Australia
Authors: WALTER DAVID EVANS , HALLIDAY R. B. , SMITH D. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe oriental red mite, Eutetranychus orientalis, an important pest of citrus and other crops in many parts of the world, has been in Queensland for at least 30 years. We review Australian collections of oriental red mite, clarify confusion over its name and pest status, discuss its potential biological control agents, and provide a key to differentiate known Australian species of Eutetranychus and the African red mite, E. africanus (Tucker).
Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) and Other Phytophagous Insects in a Plantation of Black Wattle, Acacia mearnsii De Wild., in Southeastern Australia
Authors: HUNT A. J. , GULLAN P. J. , REID C. A. M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe species composition and relative abundances of foliage‐feeding adult beetles were monitored in a plantation of juvenile black wattle, Acacia mearnsii De Wild., from spring 1992 until late February 1993. The insect assemblage was dominated by leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which belonged to 4 subfamilies (Chrysomelinae, Cryptocephalinae, Galerucinae and Eumolpinae) and 21 species. Two species, Calomela parilis Lea (Chrysomelinae) and Monolepta ordinaria Blackburn (Galerucinae), each contributed about 25% of the total chrysomelid abundance for the study period, with M. ordinaria most abundant in November and December 1992 and C. parilis most common in January and February 1993. Adult beetles of 26 chrysomelid species were recorded on bipinnate wattles in nearby open forest, including all species recorded in the plantation. Other significant insects in the plantation were the Botany Bay weevil Chrysolopus spectabilis (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the mealybug Maconellicoccus australiensis (Green and Lidgett) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the green treehopper Sextius virescens (Fairmaire) (Hemiptera: Membracidae).
Distribution, Abundance and Field Host‐Range of Hydrellia balciunasi Bock (Diptera: Ephydridae) a Biological Control Agent for the Aquatic Weed Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle
Authors: BALCIUNAS JOE K. , BURROWS DAMIEN W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTDuring a project to detect and evaluate potential biological control agents for the submersed aquatic weed, hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), the distribution, abundance and field host‐range of a recently described aquatic fly, Hydrellia balciunasi were studied in Australia from 1985‐1992. A total of 17,729 specimens were collected at 55 sites in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory. H. balciunasi was found to be relatively common, being collected in 57% of 550 collections of hydrilla. Although larvae were collected from 17 aquatic plant species, hydrilla was the preferred host for this fly, with 97% of the specimens collected from it. Based on these field data, H. balciunasi was exported to quarantine in the United States of America in 1988 for laboratory evaluation of its host‐range. Quarantine studies confirmed its safety as a biological control agent, allowing its release in the field in Florida in 1989. This is the first endemic Australian insect released as a biological control agent for a weed in the U.S.A.
Dwarf Phenotype of the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: WATT MICHAEL , HALES DINAH F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous aphid that is a pest on a wide range of commercially important crops. It sometimes gives birth to small yellow offspring that grow to be only about 1/2 to 1/3 of the typicaladult weight. These “yellow dwarfs” differ from the typical form in their small size, by having 5 instead of 6 antennal segments, and by never attaining dark greedblack coloration; they are considered to be a separate developmentally‐programmed morph. A morphometric description of the yellow dwarf form is provided. Yellow dwarfs develop at a slower rate than typical aphids and have a lower intrinsic rate of increase. An orthogonal experiment demonstrated that production of yellow dwarfs can be induced by presumed less‐suitable host‐plant species at temperatures of 15 ° and 25 °, but not 20 °C. Crowding may also induce birth of yellow dwarfs. Possible advantages of the yellow dwarf developmental pathway are discussed.
Monitoring for Impact of the Introduced Leafcutting Bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Near Release Sites in South Australia
Authors: Woodward D. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTNative plants from remnant strip vegetation at roadside sites near Keith, South Australia were monitored during the period when leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata, were managed on nearby lucerne crops. The predominant native plants flowering at sampling sites during the November to March period included Melaleuca uncinata, Melaleuca lanceobta, Baeckia behrii and Bursaria spinosa. No M. rotundata were found on native vegetation. No M. rotundata prepupae were found in 12 microdomiciles placed in a nearby Conservation Park. The results of the monitoring program suggested feral leafcutting bee populations were unlikely to have established in significant numbers and the impact on the local plants and animals was negligible.
Neohydatothrips pseudoannulipes Johansen (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a Pest Thrips on African Marigolds New to Australia, with One New Synonym
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , GOODWIN STEPHEN , STEINER MARILYN Y. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Neohydafothrips pseudoannulipes, a pest of African marigolds, is recorded from Australia for the first time; it is widespread in the warmer, eastern areas of the continent. Details are given of how to identify the pest, and a new synonym is established involving populations from Japan, Hawaii, Florida, Costa Rica and El Salvador.
The Brooks‐Dyar Rule and Morphometrics of the Processionary Caterpillar Ochrogaster Zunifer Herrich‐Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)
Authors: FLOATER GRAHAM J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTVarious insect species display a uniform geometric increase in size during the larval stage (that is they follow the Brooks‐Dyar rule). Here, results of larval development are presented for the bunny‐tailed moth, Ochrogaster lunifer. The processionary larvae of this species live in a communal cohort, and moult en masse in the silken nest spun at the base of their host tree (usually a phyllodinous acacia). The exuviae, which remain buried in the accumulated silk and frass of the nest, provide a life history record of the larval cohort. Larval exuviae were collected from 773 cohorts at 37 localities in southeastern Queensland between November 1993 and May 1994. The 6,948 exuviae examined were from cohorts feeding on Acacia concurrens Pedley. Head‐capsules showed a strongly uniform geometric increase in size through eight larval instars, supporting the Brooks‐Dyar rule. The number of instars did not vary between trees or localities. A bimodal distribution of final instar head‐capsule widths was shown to be a sexual dimorphism, and similar bimodal distributions were found for instars V‐VII. Pupal size was also sexually dimorphic. The geometric size increase from one larval instar to the next holds for both males and the larger females. The geometric rule was tested using larval cohorts reared on A. concurrens in the greenhouse through instars I‐IV; development was remarkably similar to that in the field. Larval growth patterns of O. lunifer are very different from the structurally similar bag‐shelter moth. The ability to distinguish different instars of O. lunifer with a high degree of precision from field‐collected exuviae will allow accurate comparisons of development, survival and dispersal of larvae in different group sizes, on different trees and in different localities.
Field Efficacy and Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Relation to Larval Behaviour on Grapevine Leaves
Authors: Bailey P. , Baker G. , Caon G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTCommercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. kurstaki are used in southern Australian vineyards to control lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvitrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In field experiments, Bt applied to grapevines gave variable control. To test whether the field activity may have been affected by sunlight, deposits of Bt were exposed to direct sunlight and bioassayed against neonate larvae in the laboratory. Bt exposed on vine leaves in direct sunlight lost more than 50% activity against LBAM in the first day. In the field, larvae were found to feed in areas mostly shaded from sunlight. Measurements of UV energy falling on these surfaces, indicated that Bt in shaded areas retained 60% activity after 2 d of sunlight, which would be sufficient time for actively‐feeding larvae to consume a lethal dose of Bt. However, larvae on treated leaves either did not eat any tissue, or ate very little compared with those on untreated leaves. It is concluded that reduced feeding rates by LBAM larvae on Bt‐treated leaves, rather than rapid inactivation by sunlight is more important in explaining the variability of Bt in the field against LBAM.
Re‐examination of theAriphronGeneric Group of Thynnine Wasps (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)
Authors: KIMSEY LYNN S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe relationships, status and composition of the generaA riphronandTachynomiaare re‐examined. Two new genera,TachynoidesandTakyomyia, are described to include species previously placed inTachynomiaandAriphron. Ariphronis the sister group of the other three, and of the remaining three genera the relationships are:Tachynoides + (Tachynomia + Takyomyia).New synonymies include:Ariphron rigidulusTurner underA. bicolorErichson;Ariphron fervidusErichson underAgriomyia abdominalisGuerin;Aelurus pilosulus(Smith) underThynnus adusta(Smith); andThynnus schroederiDalla Torre,Thynnus punctataSmith andThynnus schoberiDalla Torre underTachynomia dentafa(Smith).Ariphron bicotor propodealisRohwer is elevated to species status, asAriphron propodealis.
Suppression of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Oviposition by Use of the Natural Enemy Food Supplement Envirofeast®
Authors: MENSAH R. K. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe deterrent activity of a newly developed food product, EnvirofeasP and three other food sprays, sugar, Envirofeast 2 and petroleum oil plus Kelgum mixture, on oviposition by Helicoverpu spp. on cotton crops was investigated by mesh house choice and no‐choice tests and large scale field trials at the Australian Cotton Research Institute at Narrabri, Norwood near Moree and Alcheringa near Boggabilla in New South Wales from 1992‐95. EnvirofeastO treated plants received significantly fewer eggs than did any other treatment and water‐sprayed (control) plants, both in the mesh house choice and no‐choice tests and in field plots sprayed at 2‐weekly intervals and exposed to natural populations of Helicoverpu spp. The deterrent effect on oviposition by EnvirofeastO spray in the mesh house was greater on H. punctigeru than H. urmigeru, but this effect was partially offset by increased H. urmigeru infestations in the field. This was evident during the 1992‐93 and 1993‐94 field trials at Norwood when the number of eggs laid on EnvirofeastO treated plots was significantly lower than any other treatments tested up to the peak of oviposition in February when the moth populations were dominantly H. urmigeru. Despite the species difference in response, the study demonstrates oviposition deterrence by the EnvirofeastO of Helicoverpu spp. on cotton and this indicates that Envirofeastm may be used in an integrated approach in cotton systems to reduce Helicoverpu spp. numbers. This effect could modify the predator to prey ratios so as to enhance levels of biological control.