bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theological determinism and the problem of evil
Authors: JUDISCH NEAL 
Published: May 2008

AbstractI argue that the free-will defence need not presuppose a libertarian conception of freedom and therefore need not beg the question against compatibilists. I present three versions of theological determinism, each of which is inconsistent with freedom on compatibilist-friendly principles, and then argue that what generates the inconsistency – viz, that (1) God intentionally necessitates all human actions, and (2) no human has it within her power to influence causally God's will – is entailed by any version of theological determinism. Contrary to widespread opinion, therefore, the viability of the free-will defence does not depend upon the viability of libertarianism per se but on the falsity of theological determinism.
A support vector machine model for the prediction of proteotypic peptides for accurate mass and time proteomics
Authors: Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , Cannon William R. , Oehmen Christopher S. , Shah Anuj R. , Gurumoorthi Vidhya , Lipton Mary S. , Waters Katrina M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMotivation: The standard approach to identifying peptides based on accurate mass and elution time (AMT) compares profiles obtained from a high resolution mass spectrometer to a database of peptides previously identified from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies. It would be advantageous, with respect to both accuracy and cost, to only search for those peptides that are detectable by MS (proteotypic).Results: We present a support vector machine (SVM) model that uses a simple descriptor space based on 35 properties of amino acid content, charge, hydrophilicity and polarity for the quantitative prediction of proteotypic peptides. Using three independently derived AMT databases (Shewanella oneidensis, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia pestis) for training and validation within and across species, the SVM resulted in an average accuracy measure of 0.8 with a SD of &lt;0.025. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these results are achievable with a small set of 12 variables and can achieve high proteome coverage.Availability: http://omics.pnl.gov/software/STEPP.phpContact: bj@pnl.govSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Retrospective determination of primary feeding areas of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using fingerprinting of chlorinated organic contaminants
Authors: Svendsen Tore C. , Vorkamp Katrin , Rønsholdt Bent , Frier Jens-Ole 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSvendsen, T. C., Vorkamp, K., Rønsholdt, B., and Frier, J-O. 2008. Retrospective determination of primary feeding areas of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using fingerprinting of chlorinated organic contaminants. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 921–929. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) undertake extensive marine migrations. In the marine environment, the Atlantic salmon appears to suffer from heavy mortality, indicating the need for increased knowledge of its movements and habitat use at sea. Persistent organochlorine compounds (OCs) are found in measurable concentrations in all marine ecosystems. Geographically varying sources of OCs, transport, and transformation processes lead to different OC concentrations and compositions in the various ecosystems. As the principal source of organochlorine uptake in salmon is diet, populations utilizing different feeding areas may accumulate pollutant loads corresponding to their primary feeding areas. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the OC composition in Atlantic salmon from four locations: Lake Vättern (Sweden), Lake Vänern (Sweden), the Baltic Sea (off Denmark), and the River Imsa (Norway). Muscle and liver samples from each fish were analysed for 30 organochlorines (polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes, HCHs, hexachlorobenzene, and trans-nonachlor). Principal component analysis on normalized OC concentrations (OC pattern) showed separation of the salmon populations according to location; contaminant patterns were similar for liver and muscle tissue. It is therefore suggested that OC fingerprinting may be a valuable tool in identifying primary foraging areas of salmonids.
Semantic heterogeneity: comparing new semantic web approaches with those of digital libraries
Authors: Krause Jürgen 
Published: May 2008

PurposeTo demonstrate that newer developments in the semantic web community, particularly those based on ontologies (simple knowledge organization system and others) mitigate common arguments from the digital library (DL) community against participation in the Semantic web.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is a semantic web discussion focusing on the weak structure of the Web and the lack of consideration given to the semantic content during indexing.FindingsThe points criticised by the semantic web and ontology approaches are the same as those of the DL “Shell model approach” from the mid‐1990s, with emphasis on the centrality of its heterogeneity components (used, for example, in vascoda). The Shell model argument began with the “invisible web”, necessitating the restructuring of DL approaches. The conclusion is that both approaches fit well together and that the Shell model, with its semantic heterogeneity components, can be reformulated on the semantic web basis.Practical implicationsA reinterpretation of the DL approaches of semantic heterogeneity and adapting to standards and tools supported by the W3C should be the best solution. It is therefore recommended that – although most of the semantic web standards are not technologically refined for commercial applications at present – all individual DL developments should be checked for their adaptability to the W3C standards of the semantic web.Originality/valueA unique conceptual analysis of the parallel developments emanating from the digital library and semantic web communities.
“Or you got it or you ain't”: the nature of leadership in libraries
Authors: McMenemy David 
Published: May 2008

PurposeTo examine the nature of leadership as a set of skills that can be acquired, vs the argument that they are skills a person either has or has not, and discuss this in relation to the recent focus on leadership in libraries.Design/methodology/approachThe article is a reflective opinion.FindingsArgues that an over‐emphasis on leadership in the library manager is a potential danger to the collegiality of the profession, and that leadership is such a diversely interpreted term that it leads to a mishmash of ideas and emphases within the wider profession.Practical implicationsRelates to a topic much debated and discussed in recent years within the library profession.Originality/valueThe article takes a reflective and critical stance towards the discourse around leadership.
Coaching as second‐order observations
Authors: Styhre Alexander 
Published: May 2008

PurposeExecutive coaching has emerged as a widely used leadership development practice in organizations. To date, however, the literature on coaching is largely devoid of studies of how coaching works in practice and no unified comprehensive theoretical framework has been agreed upon which supports the practice of coaching. This paper aims to draw on the social systems theory of Niklas Luhmann and argue that the distinction between first‐ and second‐order observations is central to the practice of coaching.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on a yearlong study of the coaching of site managers in construction projects. The study shows that coaching actively helped the site managers to relate to their previous experiences and modes of operating and to conceive of new and effective ways of leading their work.FindingsThe participating site managers looked upon the coaching program as being helpful both with regard to dealing with practical day‐to‐day problems and concerns and with regard to their development as managers. Above all, the site managers appreciated being provided with a space where they could articulate their problems and discuss them with an external interlocutor.Practical implicationsCoaching programs may be helpful for both site and other managers in the construction industry, and in other industries. Further research is needed to explore the benefits and limitations of executive coaching.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on coaching by providing a study of coaching wherein both coaches and coachees are given a voice and by means of references to Luhmann's work.
The effects of sensitive symbols on class project selection decisions
Authors: Wiegand Katherine , Johnson C. Douglas , Dawson Bryan , Ward Mathew 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the idea that symbols can serve as a cue to group membership and to assess discrimination towards working with individuals displaying certain symbols – the ichthus, the gay pride symbol and the Confederate flag.Design/methodology/approachThis study looked at one particular method (i.e. clothing worn) of revealing one's attitude towards an issue or group, such as the Confederacy or Christianity. This study was designed to test selection preferences for three different symbols each against a control group. The experimental independent variable of symbol had four levels (control, ichthus, gay pride triangle, and Confederate flag). Two subject variables were tested as moderating variables (ethnic identity and Christian identity). Each of these was measured via a questionnaire, and a median split on scores was used to create two groups: strong and weak identity for each scale. The dependent variable was the selection preference for the target individual. Participants were 265 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology and management classes.FindingsIt was confirmed that there are many signs that people give off in their verbal and non‐verbal behavior that reveal bits and pieces of their personality and ideologies.Originality/valueThe discrimination that students showed in this study reveals the importance of training those who may go into management roles and be involved in selection decisions to be aware of their natural tendencies to categorize people and the behavioral outcomes this can have.
Exploring national identification programs among web‐enabled professionals
Authors: Smith Alan D. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide practitioners of management a sense of importance in providing a balance between providing customer service and still safeguarding personal identity through a national identity program.Design/methodology/approachA review of the applied literature on national identity programs and a personal interview of 252 professional and semi‐professional people was conducted, representative of the service industries located in the metropolitan section of Pittsburgh, PA.FindingsVia multiple linear regression, χ2, and factor analysis, virtually all the basic personal information and customer relationship management (CRM)‐related tenets of benefits with identity program, global security concerns, technology enabled, personal identity concerns, standardization concerns, wealth and education factors, cost of capita, online experiences, and confront with personal information, were found be statistically significant and positively related to the degree of invasion of privacy factor.Practical implicationsAlthough, there are many beneficial reasons why national identity programs should be implemented, such as security, convenience, and enhancing CRM‐related strategies, the vast majority of citizens have many fears and feel there are too many risks involved.Originality/valueFew empirical studies existing in the literature, especially from a business perspective concerning national identity initiatives. These issues regarding national identification cards and CRM were addressed through exploratory data reduction analyses. Although, there were several significant and negative issues associated with implementation, in general, if citizens are better educated about the benefits of a national identification card they are more willing to adopt it and pay for the program.
Probabilistic methods applied to 2D electromagnetic numerical dosimetry
Authors: Voyer D. , Musy F. , Nicolas L. , Perrussel R. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe aim is to apply probabilistic approaches to electromagnetic numerical dosimetry problems in order to take into account the variability of the input parameters.Design/methodology/approachA classic finite element method is coupled with probabilistic methods. These probabilistic methods are based on the expansion of the random parameters in two different ways: a spectral expansion and a nodal expansion.FindingsThe computation of the mean and the variance on a simple scattering problem shows that only a few hundreds calculations are required when applying these methods while the Monte Carlo method uses several thousands of samples in order to obtain a comparable accuracy.Originality/valueThe number of calculations is reduced using several techniques: a regression technique, sparse grids computed from Smolyak algorithm or a suited coordinate system.
New Berkeley paradox in the theory of limits
Authors: Zhu Wujia , Lin Yi , Gong Ningsheng , Du Guoping 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe paper's aim is to reveal the return of the Berkeley paradox of the eighteenth century.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual discussion.FindingsSince, long time ago, the common belief has been that the establishment and development of the theory of limits had provided an explanation for the Berkeley paradox. However, when the authors revisit some of the age‐old problems using the thinking logic of allowing both the concepts of potential and actual infinities, they find surprisingly that the shadow of the Berkeley paradox does not truly disappear in the foundation of mathematical analysis.Originality/valueShow the incompleteness of the theory of limits, which is not the same as what has been believed in the history of mathematics.
Mathematical system of potential infinities (I) – preparation
Authors: Zhu Wujia , Lin Yi , Du Guoping , Gong Ningsheng 
Published: May 2008

PurposeAims to focus on the co‐existence of potential and actual infinities in modern mathematics and its theoretical foundation. It has been shown that not only the whole system of modern mathematics but also the subsystems directly dealing with infinities have permitted the co‐existence of these two kinds of infinities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the issues surrounding the two problems that urgently need to be solved. One of the problems is how to select an appropriate theoretical foundation for modern mathematics and the theory of computer science. The other problem is, under what interpretation can modern mathematics and the theory of computer science be kept in their entirety?FindingsThis paper constructs the mathematical system of potential infinities in an effort to address the two afore‐mentioned problems.Originality/valueHighlights that the said mathematical system of potential infinities is completely different of the mathematical system constructed on the basis of intuitionism.
“Digital libraries à la carte 2007”: Suggestions and Trends from the 11th Ticer Summer School
Authors: Giglia Elena 
Published: May 2008

PurposeReports on papers presented at the 11th Ticer Summer School, 27‐31 August 2007 at the University of Tilbury, The Netherlands.Design/methodology/approachReports from the viewpoint of a participant on the modular course; and gives insight into the themes covered.FindingsFound the modular format worked well, especially the end of lecture question‐and‐answer sessions and the opportunity for discussion with the lecturers. Summarises the content of several of the lectures and finds them to be relevant and thought‐provoking on current library issues and themes in a digital age.Originality/valueOf interest as a summary of the content of the Ticer Summer School and of current themes.
Communicating CSR: practices among Switzerland's top 300 companies
Authors: Birth Gregory , Illia Laura , Lurati Francesco , Zamparini Alessandra 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a picture of the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication among the top 300 companies in Switzerland and to investigate how favorable the cultural context is for this kind of communication.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation of the top 300 companies in Switzerland was conducted using a written survey that built on previous studies.FindingsCSR communication in Switzerland appears to be well developed, but still has broad margins for development. Examples are provided on how to improve CSR communication. Such improvements should be relatively easy to implement since Switzerland, it is argued, appears to be open to CSR communication.Research limitations/implicationsThe investigation considered only the communication objectives toward a limited range of stakeholders, such as clients, shareholders, and employees. The survey was conducted among the top 300 companies in Switzerland; these companies are not necessarily representative of the whole Swiss business community.Practical implicationsThe paper describes the elements that should be considered in order to develop an effective CSR communication. These elements are synergies between issues, objectives, and channels; criteria for a credible social report; the exploitation of the potentialities of CSR advertising and the web; and the understanding of the national context where the organization is operating.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on CSR communication, an area that has received limited attention in CSR research. Organizations may find interesting hints on how to develop effective CSR communication.
Managing corporate social responsibility: lessons from the oil industry
Authors: Vaaland Terje I. , Heide Morten 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the manner in which companies deal with key stakeholders in relation to corporate social responsibility (CSR), focusing in particular on how companies can handle critical incidents related to CSR and utilize these experiences in enforcing their regular social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a case study methodology.FindingsCSR should be managed by a combination of handling unexpected episodes that threaten existing social responsibility (incident recovery) and the long‐term reduction of gaps between stakeholder expectations and the company performance (CSR enforcement). Furthermore, CSR implies building and maintaining relationships with society through interplay between actors, resources and activities.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to managerial decision making by identifying seven types of implications and activities necessary to actively manage key aspects of social responsibility.Originality/valueThe paper integrates long‐term social responsibility enforcement with short‐term social responsibility recovery by means of a recent corporate case from the oil industry.
The fight against corruption: international organizations at a cross‐roads
Authors: Berkman Steve , Boswell Nancy Z. , Brüner Franz H. , Gough Mark , McCormick John T. , Egens Pedersen Peter , Ugaz Jose , Zimmermann Stephen 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer anti‐corruption experts' personal assessments of the progress international organizations have made in fighting corruption.Design/methodology/approachThis paper contains a survey of the viewpoints of a number of anti‐corruption experts who themselves are current or former staff of international organizations, or who – from their positions within the private sector or in non‐governmental organizations – are able to offer a unique and distanced perspective on the key corruption‐related issues and challenges facing international organizations today.FindingsIt is agreed that international organizations today are at a cross‐roads in their individual and collective fight against corruption. International organizations must weather the corruption scandals that have recently plagued several organizations, and must confront the question of whether their staffs, boards, and member governments indeed have the ability, will, and commitment to fight corruption. To address these challenges, international organizations must adopt proactive investigative strategies when combating corruption, seek greater cooperation with each other, and must ensure that their respective investigation units have the necessary resources and independence to effectively detect, investigate, and prevent corruption.Originality/valueThe paper offers a realistic prognosis on the future of the anti‐corruption movement within and among international organizations.
Depreciation, income distribution and the UK REIT
Authors: Baum Andrew , Devaney Steven 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider prospects for UK REITs, which were introduced on 1 January 2007. It specifically focuses on the potential influence of depreciation and expenditure on income and distributions.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the ways in which depreciation can affect vehicle earnings and value are discussed. This is then set in the context of the specific rules and features of REITs. An analysis using property income and expenditure data from the Investment Property Databank (IPD) then assesses what gross and net income for a UK REIT might have been like for the period 1984‐2003.FindingsA UK REIT must distribute at least 90 per cent of net income from its property rental business. Expenditure therefore plays a significant part in determining what funds remain for distribution. Over 1984‐2003, expenditure has absorbed 20 per cent of gross income and been a source of earnings volatility, which would have been exacerbated by gearing.Practical implicationsExpenditure must take place to help UK REITs maintain and renew their real estate portfolios. In view of this, investors should moderate expectations of a high and stable income return, although it may well still be so relative to alternative investments.Originality/valuePrevious literature on depreciation has not quantified amounts spent on portfolios to keep depreciation at those rates. Nor, to our knowledge, has its ideas been placed in the indirect investor context.
German property investment vehicles and the introduction of G‐REITs: an analysis
Authors: Schacht Ulrich , Wimschulte Jens 
Published: May 2008

PurposeGermany is the biggest real estate market in Europe. Although some established vehicles for indirect property investments are available, the German real estate market is dominated by direct investments and lags behind its international peers in capital market integration. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the recent launch of German REITs may improve this situation.Design/methodology/approachExisting indirect property investment vehicles and the new G‐REIT are analysed and compared along the dimensions of transparency, liquidity and risk/return characteristics. In addition, potential capital flows into G‐REITs are investigated and economic implications derived.FindingsThe study identifies the limitations of existing German indirect real estate investment vehicles and demonstrates the superior characteristics of the new G‐REIT. Substantial short‐term capital flows from existing vehicles to G‐REITs are, however, unlikely. Instead the temporary exit tax will foster an economically beneficial reallocation of capital by private companies and public authorities through property sales to new domestic and international investors via G‐REITs.Originality/valueThe results indicate that G‐REITs have the potential to attract substantial funds in the medium term and facilitate a more integrated and developed German property and capital market.