bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between prognostic nutritional index and asthma: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Jiang Zhimeng , Zhu Xingyu , Jiang Huixin , Zhao Donglin , Tian Jianwei 
Published: February 2025

Background and objectiveAsthma is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airways. The association between nutritional status, inflammation, and asthma has been well-documented, yet the relationship between the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and asthma remains unclear. This is a study to see whether there is a relationship between PNI and asthma prevalence.MethodsThe present study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2017 and 2020, including a total of 7,869 adult participants were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized into four quartiles based on PNI levels. A multivariable regression model was employed for the purpose of evaluating the correlation between PNI and asthma. In order to ascertain the stability of the association across different populations, subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsHigher PNI levels were significantly associated with lower asthma prevalence. In the complete adjusted model, each additional unit of PNI was associated with a 3% reduction in the prevalence of asthma [0.97 (0.95, 0.99)]. Trend analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between PNI and asthma (p for trend = 0.0041). Subgroup analyses showed a consistent negative association across different populations.ConclusionThe findings of our study indicated that lower PNI values were linked to an elevated odds prevalence of asthma. Early nutritional intervention and inflammation management in high-risk populations with low PNI may reduce the incidence and severity of asthma. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
Associations between sleep traits and colorectal cancer: a mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Meng Xiangyue , Fan Enshuo , Lv Dan , Yang Yongjing , Liu Shixin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAlthough many researches have shown a relationship between sleeping habits and the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), there is a lack of data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support this point. Hence, this study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to robustly assess whether five primary sleep characteristics are directly linked with the risk of CRC occurrence.MethodsIn the performed study, the main Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using approaches such as Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median method. To this end, five genetically independent variants associated with the sleep-related characteristics (chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime napping, and daytime fatigue) were identified and used as instrumental variables. Publicly accessible GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) data were used to identify these variants to investigate the putative causal relationships between sleep traits and CRC. Additionally, we conducted sensitivity analyses to minimize possible biases and verify the consistency of our results.ResultsMendelian randomization analyses showed that an morning chronotype reduces the risk of CRC with the IVW method, hence, odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.67-0.93, which is statistically significant at P = 5.74E-03. Conversely, no significant evidence was found to suggest that sleep duration, insomnia, daytime napping, or daytime sleepiness have a direct causal impact on CRC risk according to the IVW analysis.ConclusionsFindings from our Mendelian randomization analyses suggest that an individual’s chronotype may contribute to an increased risk of CRC. It is advisable for individuals to adjust their sleep patterns as a preventative measure against CRC.
A pan-cancer analysis of homeobox family: expression characteristics and latent significance in prognosis and immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Yuanhui , Gao Jie , Ren Ziyi , Shen Ziyi , Gu Wei , Miao Qinyi , Hu Xiaomeng , Wu Yan , Liu Wei , Jia Jia , Cai Yi , Wan Chunpeng (Craig) , Sun Lei , Yan Tingdong 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe Homeobox (HOX) gene family are conserved transcription factors that are essential for embryonic development, oncogenesis, and cancer suppression in biological beings. Abnormally expressed HOX genes in cancers are directly associated with prognosis.MethodsPublic databases such as TCGA and the R language were used to perform pan-cancer analyses of the HOX family in terms of expression, prognosis, and immune microenvironment. The HOX score was defined, and potential target compounds in cancers were predicted by Connective Map. Immunohistochemistry was employed to validate protein expression levels. Gene knockdowns were used to verify the effects of HOXB7 and HOXC6 on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells.ResultsHOX genes play different roles in different cancers. Many HOX genes, especially HOXB7 and HOXC6, have higher expression and lower overall survival in specific cancers and are predicted as risk factors. The high expression of most HOX genes is mainly related to immune subtypes C1-C4 and C6. Potential anti-tumor compounds for down-regulating HOX gene expression were identified, such as HDAC inhibitors and tubulin inhibitors. LUAD Cell migration and proliferation were inhibited when HOXB7 or HOXC6 was knocked down.ConclusionsMany HOX genes may act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, necessitating precision medicine based on specific cancers. The HOX gene family plays a crucial role in the development of certain cancers, and their expression patterns are closely related to cancer prognosis and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which may affect cancer prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Compounds that are negatively correlated with the expression levels of the HOX family in various cancers, such as HDAC inhibitors, are potential anti-cancer drugs. HOXB7 and HOXC6 may serve as potential targets for cancer treatment and the development of targeted compounds in the future.
Exploring the genetic profiles linked to senescence in thyroid tumors: insights on predicting disease progression and immune responses
Authors: Zhang Baoliang , Pang Yanping 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThyroid cancer (THCA) is the most common endocrine tumor. Research on Cell Senescence Associated Genes (CSAGs), which impact many cancers, remains limited in the THCA field.MethodsIn this study, we downloaded THCA sample data from several public databases and selected a set of CSAGs for subsequent analysis. Differential expression genes (DEGs) obtained through differential analysis were intersected with prognostic genes identified by Cox regression analysis to explore the correlation among these crossed genes. We constructed a prognostic model using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm and verified its efficacy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves rigorously confirmed the accuracy of model predictions.ResultsTo evaluate the predictive power of prognostic models across different phenotypic traits, we performed survival analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and immune-related differential analysis. Differences in tumor mutation burden (TMB) and treatment response between high-risk and low-risk patient groups were also analyzed. Finally, the predictive effect of our model on immunotherapy response was validated, showing promising results for THCA patients.DiscussionOur study enhances the understanding of THCA cell senescence and provides new therapeutic insights. The proposed model not only accurately predicts patient survival but also reveals factors related to immunotherapy response, offering new perspectives for personalized medicine.
Clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease with pulmonary radiographic abnormalities and its impact on the incidence of coronary artery lesions: a randomized retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Rong Xing , Qiu Huixian , Zhou Jinhui , Chen Yufei , Huang Xuhong , Chu Maoping , Wang Zhenquan 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) in patients demonstrating pneumonia-like changes and pulmonary complications, as well as the subsequent impact on coronary artery lesions, by comparing them with those of KD patients with normal pulmonary imaging.MethodFrom January 1, 2013 to October 1, 2022, this study included paediatric patients diagnosed with KD who were registered in the KD database at Yuying Children's Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University. Patients were divided into three distinct groups based on the presence and severity of abnormalities observed via lung imaging. We first compared the demographic and clinical characteristics across these groups. The imaging characteristics of KD patients with pneumonia-like changes and pulmonary complications were identified via chest radiography (x-ray) and chest computerized tomography (CT). Logistic regression models and stratified analyses were employed to further identify factors influencing coronary artery lesions (CALs).ResultsAmong the 2,686 KD children admitted to our centre in recent years, 115 presented with pneumonia-like changes, 366 presented with pulmonary complications, and 495 presented with no evident abnormalities on chest radiographs. In KD patients with pneumonia-like changes, there were significant elevations in inflammatory markers including the C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.011), white blood cell (WBC) (P = 0.027), NT-proBNP (P = 0.007), and D-dimer (D-D) (P = 0.002) levels. Imaging studies have frequently revealed bilateral lung infections, predominantly in the mid-lower lung fields. Bronchitis-related changes were the most common manifestation of pulmonary complications in KD patients. A significant difference was observed in the incidence of CALs among patients with pneumonia-like changes. After adjusting for confounding variables, patients with pneumonia-like changes had a greater likelihood of developing CALs, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.94 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 3.11]. Similar findings were obtained through stratification and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionPatients diagnosed with KD who develop pneumonia-like changes and related pulmonary complications can be identified based on their clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics. Moreover, patients with KD and pneumonia-like changes had a significantly increased risk of developing CALs.
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study predicts clinical outcomes in critically Ill children with dysphagia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Na Yoonju , Choi Jaeyoung , Choi Jihong , Oh Su Mi , Jang Hyuna , Choi Suein , Cho Joongbum , Kwon Jeong-Yi 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThis retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the features of acute dysphagia observed during videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) in critically ill children and their potential to anticipate clinical outcomes.MethodsAdministrative healthcare data of children aged 1–18 were analyzed. Data were collected from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a single tertiary medical center in South Korea between March 2019 and December 2022. We reviewed VFSS conducted on patients in the PICU who were referred by clinicians suspecting dysphagia.ResultsA total of 36 children were included in the study; 52.8% exhibited aspiration on VFSS. In this investigation, participants were provided with pureed food, liquids, solids, and a combination of solids and liquids (referred to as mixed) during the examination. Any occurrence of aspiration throughout the examination was deemed as aspiration. All individuals displaying aspiration were found to have silent aspiration. Silent aspiration was associated with a longer length of stay (LOS) in the PICU. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the time from PICU admission to VFSS and intubation duration significantly influenced LOS. Abnormal findings in the VFSS, including aspiration, delayed swallowing reflex, insufficient laryngeal closure, and residue, were statistically significant variables in determining the feeding mode at discharge.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of VFSS in assessing swallowing function in critically ill children. It suggests that VFSS findings, such as silent aspiration, can aid in predicting patient outcomes, including LOS and the delay in oral feeding.
Enhancing physical activity levels in 9–11-year-old children of varied genders: strategies leveraging parental exercise consciousness
Authors: Song Chao , Ge Sha 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the predictive associations of parental exercise consciousness with the physical activity (PA) status and characteristics of 9–11-year-old children, in an attempt to identify effective strategies for addressing PA insufficiency in children from a parental standpoint.MethodsThe PA rating scale-3 and the Chinese Civic Exercise Consciousness Questionnaire were used to measure primary school students’ PA and their parents’ exercise consciousness from 361 families in Tianjin, China. The dimensions of exercise consciousness were cognition and identity (CI), sentiment and intention (SI), attitude and willingness (AW), and rights and responsibilities (RR) dimensions. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA with post-hoc test analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed.ResultsFirst, children’s PA increased with age, with boys significantly exceeding girls (p &lt; 0.01). Significant gender differences were observed in both PA intensity and frequency (boys higher than girls, p &lt; 0.01), although this was not consistent across age groups. Variations in PA duration and frequency showed significant age-related changes (p &lt; 0.01), whereas intensity showed significant changes at older ages (p &lt; 0.01). Second, we observed moderate to above-average level of parental exercise consciousness, and a significantly positive correlation between parental exercise consciousness and children’s PA levels (α = 0.601, p &lt; 0.01); meanwhile, all four dimensions of parental exercise consciousness showed varying degrees of positive correlations with children’s PA intensity, duration, and frequency (p &lt; 0.01). Third, stratified linear regression analysis showed the varied predictive associations of the different dimensions of parental exercise consciousness with children’s PA intensity, duration, and frequency. SI and AW significantly predictively associated with PA levels across different age groups and genders (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAge and gender showed crucial associations with children’s PA levels, resulting in distinct preferences and behaviors between boys and girls across various age groups. Parental exercise consciousness of exercise positively associated with the intensity, frequency, and overall volume of children’s PA. Enhancing parental consciousness of exercise-related emotions, intentions, attitudes, and willingness may effectively associate with enhancements in the intensity, duration, and frequency of their children’s PA, ultimately promoting greater engagement in physical exercise among the youth.
A preliminary investigation into self-compassion and compassion-based intervention for mental health in the performing arts
Authors: Walton Courtney C. , Kirby James N. , McKenzie Sabrina , Gao Caroline X. , Purcell Rosemary , Rice Simon M. , Osborne Margaret S. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesVery little is known about the role of self-compassion on performing artists’ mental health. This project had two primary aims. First, was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and mental health among performing artists in dance, music, and acting. Second, was to test a brief compassion-based intervention to establish proof of concept for future work.MethodTwo sequential studies recruiting Australian performing artists were conducted. In Study 1, a cross-sectional online survey of performing artists explored patterns of association between self-compassion and mental health. In Study 2, participants engaged with a brief compassion-based intervention including an online workshop and daily meditation over 3 weeks. Descriptive pre-post data combined with thematic analysis of semi-structured interview transcripts identified performer perspectives of the compassion-based intervention.ResultsIn Study 1, 211 participants were included in the final cross-sectional analysis, which showed that the intention to be self-compassionate was associated with lower symptoms of depression and anxiety, and higher wellbeing, even while controlling for several key demographic and risk factors (stress, alcohol use, and body appreciation). In Study 2, ten participants completed the intervention with medium-large improvements in self-compassion and small improvements in wellbeing and body appreciation. Qualitative data demonstrated that participants experienced self-compassion to be helpful, however fears of lowering standards existed. Participants feedback from this study can now directly inform future compassion-based interventions among performers.ConclusionWhile acknowledging the small sample size, these findings suggest that self-compassion may help performing artists manage various forms of internal, interpersonal, and environmental distress. These findings warrant progression to controlled evaluation of compassion-based interventions within larger samples of performing artists.
Validation of a composite outcome measure for inpatient psychiatry using scales from the interRAI-MH
Authors: Barbaree Howard E. , Perlman Christopher , Ham Elke , Brown Gregory P. , Hirdes John P. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundInpatient psychiatry is a critical service in a community-based care system for persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Currently, there are few generally accepted or widely used outcomes to assess the effectiveness of inpatient treatment.MethodFollowing a Donabedian Model of Health Care Quality, we utilized eight scales from the RAI Mental Health assessment to derive a clinician-scored outcome measure consisting of 4 domains (Psychosis, Depression, Impairment, and Aggression). We combined subscales measuring these domains into a Composite Measure. We used this measure to assess the entire population (N=719) of our large specialized mental health hospital at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of three months in the hospital (or admission to discharge in shorter stays). We evaluated the content validity of the measure by comparing items and scales with a list of putative contributors to hospital admission (symptoms and complications). To evaluate concurrent validity, we compared mean scores among hospital units with varying lengths of stay and clinical complexity (acute versus chronic versus complex chronic). We used ROC analysis to evaluate the CIIMHS’s ability to predict discharge from the hospital. To evaluate construct validity, we examined the measure’s responsiveness to changes among patients after treatment in the hospital.ResultsWe found strong evidence for all four kinds of validity.ConclusionsThe composite measure represents a valid measure of inpatient mental health status and will serve as a valuable measure of the quality of care for inpatient psychiatry.
Traditional medicine use and associated factors in chronic patients in Jamalpur, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Poli Mahmuda Akter , Hossain Md Jamil , Kholil Ibrahim , Yasmin Sumaya , Bhowmick Bishwjit , Kundu Lakshmi Rani 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe history of traditional medicine is extensive. While modern medicine is commonly used to treat chronic illness, traditional medicine (TM) is gaining popularity as a healthcare practice in Bangladesh. However, evidence regarding the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of TM use among chronic illness patients in Bangladesh remains limited. This study aimed to explore the use of traditional medicine among adults with chronic illnesses.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 adults with chronic illness from October to December 2023. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables and multinomial logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with the use of traditional medicine.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 43.7 (SD = 15.9) years. Among the respondents, 8.3% used traditional medicine and 5.2% used both traditional and modern medicine. Homeopathy, herbal medicine, and ayurveda were used by 69, 23, and 9%, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed that gender (p = 0.014), educational qualification (p = 0.010), monthly income (p &lt; 0.001), occupation (p = 0.002) and place of residence (p &lt; 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with traditional medicine use. Among the respondents, 22.9% of people who used traditional medicine claimed that it was effective for disease management. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that rural individuals were seven times more likely to use TM compared to urban residents(AOR = 7.545, 95% CI: 2.933, 19.412, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThis study revealed that individuals living in rural areas with lower monthly incomes were more likely to use traditional medicine for the treatment of chronic illnesses. Older individuals utilized it more compared to younger ones. Additionally, the study highlighted the perceived effectiveness of traditional medicine in managing chronic illnesses. These findings emphasize the need for a collaborative healthcare approach that integrates traditional medicine with modern practices to better address the diverse needs of populations.
From Llama to language: prompt-engineering allows general-purpose artificial intelligence to rate narratives like expert psychologists
Authors: Dauphin Barry , Siefert Caleb 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) has tremendous potential for use in psychology. Among the many applications that may benefit from development of AI applications is narrative-personality assessment. Use of these tools and research methods is notably time-consuming and resource intensive. AI has potential to address these issues in ways that would greatly reduce clinician and researcher burden. Nonetheless, it is unclear if current AI models are sufficiently sophisticated to perform the complex downstream tasks, such as narrative assessment.MethodologyThe purpose of this study is to explore if an expert-refined prompt generation process can enable AI-empowered chatbots to reliably and accurately rate narratives using the Social Cognition and Object Relations scales – Global Rating Method (SCORS-G). Experts generated prompt inputs by engaging in a detailed review of SCORS-G training materials. Prompts were then improved using an systematic process in which experts worked with Llama-2-70b to refine prompts. The utility of the prompts was then tested on two AI-empowered chatbots, ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI, 2023) and CLAUDE-2-100k, that were not used in the prompt refinement process.ResultsResults showed that the refined prompts allowed chatbots to reliably rate narratives at the global level, though accuracy varied across subscales. Averaging ratings from two chatbots notably improved reliability for the global score and all subscale scores. Experimentation indicated that expert-refined prompts outperformed basic prompts regarding interrater reliability and absolute agreement with gold standard ratings. Only the expert-refined prompts were able to generate acceptable single-rater interrater reliability estimates.DiscussionFindings suggest that AI could significantly reduce the time and resource burdens on clinicians and researchers using narrative rating systems like the SCORS-G. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.