bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for two-dimensional MoS2x
Se2(1−x) alloys
Authors: Pimenov Nikita , Kartsev Alexey , Lebedeva Ekaterina , Mishina Elena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and alloys based on them, is a promising platform for creating opto- and nanoelectronic devices. For layered alloys, there is a strong need to theoretically determine the frequencies of vibrational modes and dependences of their energies on the stoichiometric composition. By comparing experimentally measured Raman modes with theoretical predictions, it becomes possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the manufactured alloys. In this work, we investigated the vibrational properties of monolayer MoS2x
Se2(1−x) alloys utilizing density functional theory method and confirmed them experimentally by Raman spectroscopy. The dependence of A1ʹ and E1
2g ‘dactylographic’ modes on the stoichiometric composition of alloys has been calculated. When in pure MoSe2 structure Se atoms are substituted by S atoms, the in-plane E1
2g (S–Mo), E1
2g (Se–Mo) and out-plane A1ʹ (S–Mo) modes shifted linearly in x to higher frequencies, while the out-plane A1ʹ (Se–Mo) mode did the same in nonlinear way. We also identified the E1
2g (Se–Mo–S) mode, which specific for the MoS2x
Se2(1-x) alloys and does not appear in pure two-component TMDs.
Impact of glioma peritumoral edema, tumor size, and tumor location on alternating electric fields (AEF) therapy in realistic 3D rat glioma models: a computational study
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Schubert Keith E , Pohling Christoph , Chang Edwin , Yamamoto Vicky , Zeng Yuping , Nie Ying , Van Buskirk Samuel , Schulte Reinhard W , Patel Chirag B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Alternating electric fields (AEF) therapy is a treatment modality for patients with glioblastoma. Tumor characteristics such as size, location, and extent of peritumoral edema may affect the AEF strength and distribution. We evaluated the sensitivity of the AEFs in a realistic 3D rat glioma model with respect to these properties. Approach. The electric properties of the peritumoral edema were varied based on calculated and literature-reported values. Models with different tumor composition, size, and location were created. The resulting AEFs were evaluated in 3D rat glioma models. Main results. In all cases, a pair of 5 mm diameter electrodes induced an average field strength >1 V cm−1. The simulation results showed that a negative relationship between edema conductivity and field strength was found. As the tumor core size was increased, the average field strength increased while the fraction of the shell achieving >1.5 V cm−1 decreased. Increasing peritumoral edema thickness decreased the shell's mean field strength. Compared to rostrally/caudally, shifting the tumor location laterally/medially and ventrally (with respect to the electrodes) caused higher deviation in field strength. Significance. This study identifies tumor properties that are key drivers influencing AEF strength and distribution. The findings might be potential preclinical implications.
Determination of lutetium density in LYSO crystals: methodology and PET detector applications
Authors: Thien T C , Nemallapudi M V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillation crystals are used in positron emission tomography (PET) due to their high gamma attenuation, fair energy resolution, and fast scintillation decay time. The enduring presence of the 176Lu isotope, characterized by a half-life of 37.9 billion years, imparts a consistent radiation background (BG) profile that depends on the geometry and composition attributes of the LYSO crystals. Approach. In this work, we proposed a methodology for estimating the composition of LYSO crystals in cases where the exact Lutetium composition remains unknown. The connection between BG spectrum intensity and intrinsic radioactivity enables precise estimation of Lutetium density in LYSO crystal samples. This methodology was initially applied to a well-characterized LYSO crystal sample, yielding results closely aligned with the known composition. The composition estimation approach was extended to several samples of undisclosed LYSO crystals, encompassing single crystal and crystal array configurations. Furthermore, we model the background spectrum observed in the LYSO-based detector and validate the observed spectra via simulations. Main results. The estimated Lutetium composition exhibited adequate consistency across different samples of the same LYSO material, with variations of less than 1%. The result of the proposed approach coupled with the simulation successfully models the background radiation spectra in various LYSO-based detector geometries. Significance. The implications of this work extend to the predictive assessment of system behaviors and the autonomous configuration parameters governing LYSO-based detectors.
First-principles investigation of structural electronic magnetic and thermodynamic properties of CdS alloyed with Co transition metal
Authors: Ali Ouahab , Lahouaria Boudaoud 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research work investigates the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Cd1–xCoxS compounds. The supercells with 16 atoms have been studied by substituting a Cd atom with a Co atom in the cubic unit cell CdS from x = 0 to x = 1 in a Zinc-Blende structure based on the first principles of spin-polarized density functional theory as implemented in the WIEN2k code. The full potential augmented plane wave method FP-LAPW (Full potential linear augmented plane wave) was used in this study to evaluate the structural properties of the compounds, the exchange–correlation term is based on the PBE-GGA (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation). For other properties, such as electronic structures, densities of states, and magnetic properties, the TB-mbj GGA (Tight Binding modified Becke–Johnson) exchange potential approximation is utilized. In addition to these properties, the thermodynamic properties were added advantage to clarify their comportment as temperature variation. The analysis of the density of spin-polarized states showed the ferromagnetic character with a from x = 0.125 to x = 0.875. The calculated total magnetic moments of Cd1–xCoxS are addressed concerning the change in lattice parameters. To track the shift brought on by adding Co, we ran our calculationsfrom x = 0.125 to x = 0.875 for Cd1–xCoxS compounds. Hence, the negative energyformation indicates that our compound can be made experimentally. The material may be used for solar cell applications. In summary, our findings represent a guide for future research. The findings of this work might provide useful direction for the usage of this alloy system in a variety of device applications, For example in high-efficiency tandem solar cells, magnetic sensors, and photoconductive detector applications.
Quantum dueling: an efficient solution for combinatorial optimization
Authors: Tang Letian , Wang Haorui , Li Zhengyang , Tang Haozhan , Zhang Chi , Li Shujin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new algorithm for generic combinatorial optimization, which we term quantum dueling. Traditionally, potential solutions to the given optimization problems were encoded in a ‘register’ of qubits. Various techniques are used to increase the probability of finding the best solution upon measurement. Quantum dueling innovates by integrating an additional qubit register, effectively creating a ‘dueling’ scenario where two sets of solutions compete. This dual-register setup allows for a dynamic amplification process: in each iteration, one register is designated as the ‘opponent,’ against which the other register’s more favorable solutions are enhanced through a controlled quantum search. This iterative process gradually steers the quantum state within both registers toward the optimal solution. With a quantitative contraction for the evolution of the state vector, classical simulation under a broad range of scenarios and hyper-parameter selection schemes shows that a quadratic speedup is achieved, which is further tested in more real-world situations. In addition, quantum dueling can be generalized to incorporate arbitrary quantum search techniques and as a quantum subroutine within a higher-level algorithm. Our work demonstrates that increasing the number of qubits allows the development of previously unthought-of algorithms, paving the way for advancement of efficient quantum algorithm design.
Poly(styrene-co-1-octene) behavioral differences in aliphatic and aromatic solvents: molecular dynamics simulation and DFT-D quantum calculations
Authors: Rasouli Sajad , Rohani Aliasghar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Copolymerizing aromatic and aliphatic comonomers helps to create efficient superabsorbents to remove oil from seawater. In this work, the best sequence of styrene and 1-octene at different 1-octene molar percentages (x) was found for poly(styrene-r−1-octene) (CP-x) using neural network potential. According to the calculated characteristics of CP-x using molecular dynamics simulation, increasing the x amount up to 6% in the chain aromatic structure caused the chain expansion by ∼ 20% and the reduction of its diffusion coefficient in n-heptane by ∼ 70%. The determined Helmholtz free energy via thermodynamic integration formula showed a decrease from −2762.7 to −3818.3 kcal mol−1 (∼ 38% reduction) and entropy changes illustrated an increase from 5.12 to 8.21 kcal mol−1.K (∼ 60% increase) indicating a partial conversion of the copolymer nature from aromatic to aliphatic with raising x. This issue led to a ∼ 15% enhancement in the interaction energy between the chain and solvent media meaning a better tendency to n-heptane and the increment of the interfacial density of the solvent molecules around the copolymer chain with higher x. The quantum calculations also proved that toluene with the chain styrene ring, and n-heptane with the chain 1-octene have created a parallel orientation, due to the charge transfer energy arising from an occupied C-H bonding orbital to an adjacent one. This phenomenon moved the electron density to the boundary area between them and changed the chain conformation in the media. Compression of the CP-x characteristics in n-heptane and toluene unmasked the contrariwise behaviors of the copolymer in aliphatic and aromatic solvents, except CP-4, which is the best candidate to use in the oil absorption from water surfaces. The performed theoretical investigation of the CP-x has revealed the hidden molecular insights into the copolymer chain which can help experimentalists reduce their trial and error to manufacture efficient supper oil absorbents.
Parameter estimation of ground moving targets in synthetic aperture radar systems based on vortex echo data
Authors: Fu Ziyu , Li Minchao , Cui Lizhen , Li Chenlu , Du Yongxing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ground Moving Target Indication is a critical field within synthetic aperture radar (SAR) research, as traditional SAR images are defocused and displaced due to the target’s trajectory-direction velocity and radial velocity, respectively. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the target’s motion parameters is required. This study introduces a two-dimensional method for estimating target motion parameters using vortex SAR. It utilises the Bessel magnitude and spatial phase term from vortex echo data to calculate the pitch and azimuth angle, from which the motion parameters of ground slow-motion targets are derived. The proposed algorithm operates faster and has a lower computational cost than the traditional parameter estimation algorithm. Its efficacy was confirmed through simulation experiments and mean square error analysis of the estimated parameters.
The Mth nonlinear coherent states
Authors: Heydari S Majid , Jafari A , Abbasi O 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since radiation field states are very important in the interaction with the various atomic structures, in this article we introduce a new type of quantum states, which we call ‘Mth nonlinear coherent states’. We define these states based on acting of the number operator M times

n

ˆ

M

on a nonlinear coherent state. By analyzing the photon distribution function and its overlap with the nonlinear coherent states, it becomes clear that these states are very similar to the corresponding nonlinear coherent states. We also investigate the nonclassical features of such states for different values of M, and it is determined that the occurrence of sub-Poissonian photon statistics, normal squeezing, and amplitude squared squeezing are considerable nonclassical properties of the Mth nonlinear coherent states. Also, examining the Husimi function shows a local behavior for the introduced states. Furthermore, by calculating the Wigner function, we find out that in some points of the phase space, the value of this function is negative which could be considered as a nonclassical feature for these states.
Probing the Dark Matter density with gravitational waves from super-massive binary black holes
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Strumia Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Supermassive black hole binaries source gravitational waves measured by Pulsar Timing Arrays.
The frequency spectrum of this stochastic background is predicted more precisely than its amplitude.
We argue that Dark Matter friction can suppress the spectrum around nHz frequencies, where it is measured,
allowing to derive robust and significant bounds on the Dark Matter density,
which, in turn, controls indirect detection signals from galactic centers.
A precise spectrum of gravitational waves would translate in a tomography
of the DM density profile, potentially probing DM particle-physics effects that induce a characteristic DM density profile,
such as DM annihilations or de Broglie wavelength.
Measuring and monitoring skill learning in closed-loop myoelectric hand prostheses using speed-accuracy tradeoffs
Authors: Mamidanna Pranav , Gholinezhad Shima , Farina Dario , Dideriksen Jakob Lund , Dosen Strahinja 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Closed-loop myoelectric prostheses, which combine supplementary sensory feedback and electromyography (EMG) based control, hold the potential to narrow the divide between natural and bionic hands. The use of these devices, however, requires dedicated training. Therefore, it is crucial to develop methods that quantify how users acquire skilled control over their prostheses to effectively monitor skill progression and inform the development of interfaces that optimize this process. Approach. Building on theories of skill learning in human motor control, we measured speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (SAFs) to comprehensively characterize learning-induced changes in skill—as opposed to merely tracking changes in task success across training—facilitated by a closed-loop interface that combined proportional control and EMG feedback. Sixteen healthy participants and one individual with a transradial limb loss participated in a three-day experiment where they were instructed to perform the box-and-blocks task using a timed force-matching paradigm at four specified speeds to reach two target force levels, such that the SAF could be determined. Main results. We found that the participants’ accuracy increased in a similar way across all speeds we tested. Consequently, the shape of the SAF remained similar across days, at both force levels. Further, we observed that EMG feedback enabled participants to improve their motor execution in terms of reduced trial-by-trial variability, a hallmark of skilled behavior. We then fit a power law model of the SAF, and demonstrated how the model parameters could be used to identify and monitor changes in skill. Significance. We comprehensively characterized how an EMG feedback interface enabled skill acquisition, both at the level of task performance and movement execution. More generally, we believe that the proposed methods are effective for measuring and monitoring user skill progression in closed-loop prosthesis control.
A systematic review of forest area development drivers estimated under the concepts of environmental Kuznets curve and forest transition hypothesis
Authors: Tandetzki Julia , Köthke Margret , Schier Franziska , Weimar Holger 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Over the last 30 years, more than 150 different drivers of forest area development have been investigated in peer-reviewed statistical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation (EKCd) and the forest transition hypothesis (FTH). However, there is no synthesis which of these drivers significantly contribute to changes in forest land expansion, like deforestation and forest recovery. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature dealing with statistical analysis of drivers of forest area development under the concepts of EKCd and FTH. We referred to peer-reviewed articles, preselected by the evidence and gap map of Tandetzki et al 2022 Environ. Res. Lett.
17 123005. From these selected articles we identified 85 relevant studies and extracted the applied model specifications. We found differences among studies in variable specifications of the dependent variable (expressions of forest area development) and the choice of independent variables (drivers) as well as in the choice of geographical scope and the concept used (EKCd and FTH). For further analysis, we extracted all drivers used to explain forest area development in the different studies and assigned them to 12 thematic categories (e.g. income factors or institutional factors). Our results show that the main underlying drivers of deforestation are related to income, demographics, trade, and institutional factors. The forest transition phenomenon is mainly described by drivers directly influencing forest area (e.g. expansion of agricultural land) and demographic trends. The heterogeneity and universality of the concepts of EKCd and FTH is not clearly evident even when separating different study groups. By isolating and discussing individual drivers of forest area development, our findings support future research dedicated to the analysis and projection of global forest area dynamics.
Introduction
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the concept of feminist liberalism and distinguishes it from liberal feminism. Liberal feminism is a type of feminism that is sometimes described as ‘just about equality’; in addition, it understands freedom primarily in terms of choice. Feminist liberalism, in contrast, argues that a deeper conception of feminism is necessary for liberalism to secure the freedom and equality that are its core values. Feminism is necessary to counteract liberalism’s over-reliance on choice as a normative transformer: something that changes the normative character of a situation or inequality from unjust to just. The chapter also summarises the work to come.
Equality of Opportunity and Three Justifications for Women’s Sport
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is currently a divisive public debate about whether trans women should be eligible to compete in women’s sport, with prominent voices on both sides. Various sporting authorities have passed regulations that allow trans women to compete in women’s competitions, including those that award titles, records, and scholarships. Several elite athletes have strongly criticised those rules, arguing that they are unfair to women who are not trans, and some sporting bodies have announced a return to sex-based categories. The debate is muddled, and it rests on a prior question that is often obscured: is women’s sport justified at all? Any justification of women’s sport must engage directly with questions of equality of opportunity, discrimination, and identity. This chapter identifies three possible justifications for women’s sport: the fair competition argument, the anti-sexism argument, and the identity argument. Each argument has merit. However, the arguments are in tension with each other at key points, and they have different implications for trans inclusion.
Judging Women
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter engages with the work of landmark feminist Catharine MacKinnon to consider three ways of understanding the phrase ‘judging women’. First, when is it acceptable or necessary to make judgments about what women do? The chapter argues that feminist analysis urges compassion and empathy for women, but also highlights the ways that choices are limited and shaped by patriarchy. Thus we cannot and should not avoid all judgment of women’s—and men’s—choices. Second, when can women engage in the act of judging? It is sometimes claimed that it is anti-feminist to engage in such judgment, and that feminists must above all else avoid being judgmental. The chapter rejects this idea and argues instead that feminism should insist on women’s right to exercise judgment: women’s voices matter. Third, how are we to judge who counts as a woman? The chapter shows that MacKinnon’s work offers profound, sustained, rich analysis of these questions, but does not fully resolve them.
Ideology and Normativity
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the possibility of what Sally Haslanger calls ‘ideology critique’ in the context of ‘ideological oppression’. Like all oppression, ideological oppression involves unjust social practices. Its distinctive feature is that it is not recognised as oppression by its victims, or its perpetrators, or both—and this feature often applies to instances of sexist oppression. But ideological oppression causes problems for ideology critique, as Haslanger theorises it. Since ideological oppression is denied by those who suffer from it is it is not possible to identify privileged epistemological standpoints in advance. The chapter argues that ideology critique cannot rely on epistemological considerations alone but must be based on a normative political theory.
Restorations of Empire in Africa
Authors: Agbamu Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This is the first full-length study to investigate the ideological uses of Roman imperialism in support of modern Italian colonialism in Africa. By taking a broad view of cultural documents from the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, this work argues that colonialism in Africa, modelled on ancient Roman imperialism, played a central role in the promotion and consolidation of the Italian project of nation-building. The work further suggests, based on this, that the phenomenon of Italian Fascist classicisms was rooted in pre-Fascist ideologies of liberal imperialism, thus contributing to a further historicization of the development of Fascism. This study, moreover, demonstrates the continued legacies of colonialism in Italy’s contemporary relationships towards Africa.
Introduction
Authors: Agbamu Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The introduction situates the study within the context of the so-called migrant crisis in the Mediterranean. It suggests that the relationship between the Italian state and the migrants who cross the Mediterranean, from Africa to Europe, remains rooted in the history of Italian colonialism in Africa, which was itself rooted in Roman antiquity. This relationship is characterized by different historical constructions of the concept of mare nostrum, ancient Rome’s claiming of the Mediterranean as ‘our sea’. The introduction then outlines the key areas of scholarship in which this study intervenes: the genealogy of the idea of Africa in European cultural imaginaries; the relationship between the study of history and nation-building; the cult of ancient Rome in modern Italian politics (romanità); and the development of Italian Fascism.