bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing patterns of gallbladder carcinoma in New Mexico
Authors: Barakat Jehad , Dunkelberg Jeffrey C. , Ma Thomas Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmerican Indians in the U.S. have a high incidence of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Furthermore, American Indians in New Mexico (NM) have the highest incidence rate of GBC in the U.S. The epidemiology of GBC in NM has not been studied in the past 3 decades.METHODSBy using the NM Tumor Registry (NMTR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, age‐specific incidence rates, average annual age‐adjusted incidence rates, and incidence rate time trends of GBC were compared among the three major ethnic groups in NM: American Indians, Hispanics, and non‐Hispanic whites, for the period 1973–2001.RESULTSA sharp increase in GBC incidence occurred with advanced age and started earlier in American Indians (at age 55) than Hispanics (at age 60) than non‐Hispanic whites (at age 65). GBC occurred more frequently in females than in males in all ethnic groups. In females, the incidence of GBC was the highest in American Indians (14.5 per 100,000) followed by Hispanics (6.8 per 100,000) and non‐Hispanic whites (1.4 per 100,000). Similarly in males, American Indians had the highest incidence rate of GBC (7.8 per 100,000), followed by Hispanics (2.0 per 100,000), and non‐Hispanic whites (1.0 per 100,000). The time trend analysis revealed that there has been a disproportionate decline in the incidence of GBC in the three ethnic groups, with the greatest drop in American Indians and Hispanics followed by non‐Hispanic whites. Despite the decline, American Indians continued to have the highest incidence rate of GBC in NM.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of GBC has declined disproportionately in the three major ethnic groups, with the greatest decrease in American Indians and Hispanics followed by non‐Hispanic whites. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Analytic smoothing effect for the Schrödinger equation with long‐range perturbation
Authors: Martinez Andre , Nakamura Shu , Sordoni Vania 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study the microlocal analytic singularity of solutions to the Schrödinger equation with analytic coefficients. Using microlocal weight estimates developed for estimating phase space tunneling, we prove microlocal smoothing estimates that generalize results by Robbiano and Zuily. We show that the exponential decay of the initial state in a cone in the phase space implies microlocal analytic regularity of the solution at a positive time. We suppose the Schrödinger operator is a long‐range‐type perturbation of the Laplacian, and we employ positive commutator‐type estimates to prove the smoothing property. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in transgenic mice expressing ovalbumin in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Cao Yi , Toben Catherine , Na Shin‐Young , Stark Kirsten , Nitschke Lars , Peterson Alan , Gold Ralf , Schimpl Anneliese , Hünig Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have used the 5′ flanking sequence of the myelin basic protein gene known to include the core promoter and a strong oligodendrocyte (ODC)‐specific enhancer to target expression of the well‐studied model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) to ODC in transgenic mice. OVA protein was detected in a tissue‐ and cell‐specific manner in these "ODC‐OVA" mice. Without immunization, CD4 T cells and B cells remained ignorant of the neo‐self antigen expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), as indicated by unimpaired development and lack of activation of OVA/IAb‐specific TCR transgenic T cells in these mice, and the ability to mount normal OVA‐specific recall and antibody responses. Upon immunization with OVA in complete Freund's adjuvant, about half of the transgenic mice developed neurological symptoms characteristic of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mononuclear infiltrates in the brain and spinal cord contained both macrophages and T cells, similar to classical models of EAE induced by immunization with CNS antigens in adjuvant. The wealth of immunological reagents available to study and manipulate the OVA‐specific response should make this new model useful for the investigation of components and mechanisms involved in CNS‐specific autoimmunity.
Hybrid Inorganic–Organic 1D and 2D Frameworks with [As6V15O42]6– Polyoxoanions as Building Blocks
Authors: Zheng Shou‐Tian , Chen Yong‐Mei , Zhang Jie , Xu Ji‐Qing , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThree novel heteropolyoxovanadates, [Ni(2,2′‐bpy)3]2[{Ni(en)2}As6V15O42(H2O)]·9.5H2O (1), [Zn2(dien)3(H2O)2]1/2{[Zn2(dien)3]As6V15O42(H2O)}·2H2O (2), and [Co(enMe)2]3[As6V15O42(H2O)]·2H2O (3), were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data: 1, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 14.0324(9) Å, b = 13.9900(8) Å, c = 30.5785(19) Å, β = 102.861(1)°, Z = 2; 2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 13.361(5) Å, b = 23.979(8) Å, c = 22.873(8) Å, β = 102.459(4)°, Z = 4; 3, triclinic, P$\bar {1}$, a = 13.2976(1) Å, b = 15.0583(1) Å, c = 20.1661(2) Å, α = 85.620(8)°, β = 79.553(9)°, γ = 65.087(9)°, Z = 2. Compound 1 consists of 1D [{Ni(en)2}As6V15O42(H2O)]4– chains and [Ni(2,2′‐bpy)3]2+ cations, in which the chain host has a molecular recognition ability for the chiral guest cations. Compound 2 is constructed from linking of the [As6V15O42]6– polyoxoanions and novel dinuclear [Zn2(dien)3]4+ cations into the first 1D helical As–V–O cluster chain. Compound 3 is the first 2D framework based on [As6V15O42]6– polyoxoanions as building blocks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Structural, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Investigations of New Thio‐ and Selenoether Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Starke Kerstin , Schulzke Carola , Schmidt Hans‐Georg , Noltemeyer Mathias 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMolybdenum and tungsten complexes with tridentate bisanionic ligands (–OC2H4XC2H4O–, X = S, Se) were synthesized and analyzed electrochemically. Crystal structures of [{MoO2[O(CH2)2S(CH2)2O]}2] and [{WO2[O(CH2)2S(CH2)2O]}3] were obtained. For these two complexes as well asfor the virtual molybdenum trimer and the tungsten dimer,DFT calculations were performed in order to better understand the formation of two significantly different complexes for molybdenum and tungsten with the same ligandand by the same preparation method. The compound WO2Cl2[MeS(CH2)2SMe] was synthesized and characterized by crystal structure analysis. A structural and electrochemical comparison of this compound with the recently published analogous molybdenum compound and the dme analogs of molybdenum and tungsten were undertaken. All these data were used to evaluate the structural and electronic influences of replacing molybdenum by tungsten and of varying the ligand atoms (O/S/Se) from the point of view of the different coordination spheres of the molybdopterin‐dependent oxygen‐atom‐transfer enzymes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Analysing the relation between rainfall characteristics and lahar activity at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
Authors: van Westen C. J. , Daag A. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 altered the conditions of the surrounding river catchments. Pyroclastic flows and tephra fall were deposited over extensive areas, stripping off the forest cover and burying drainage divides. These recent deposits are very loosely consolidated and generally consist of sand‐sized particles, which commonly mobilize into lahars in response to rainfall of a certain magnitude. Several devastating lahar occurrences have buried settlements covering tens to several hundred square kilometres in a single event. Correlation of storm rainfall intensities and durations with lahar activity as recorded by acoustic flow monitors is used to investigate trends in the initiation conditions for lahar activity. This research confirms that the relationships of rainfall intensity and duration with lahar initiation threshold values are not linear but rather approximate a power relation. Different relations were found for lahar initiation in different years, from 1991 to 1997, as a result of the dynamic changes in hydrologic and geomorphic conditions of the affected catchments. Data from acoustic flow monitors are used to distinguish debris flow and hyperconcentrated flow activity from that of muddy water. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of sedimentation and occupation histories inside and outside rock shelters, Keep‐River region, northwestern Australia
Authors: Ward I.A.K. , Fullagar R.L.K. , Boer‐Mah T. , Head L.M. , Taçon P.S.C. , Mulvaney K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper compares archaeological evidence of Aboriginal occupation inside rock shelters and outside in adjacent sand sheets, focusing on two locations in the Keep‐River region, northwestern Australia. Luminescence and radiocarbon dating reveal that occupation sequences inside rock shelters are generally younger ( < 10,000 yr B.P.) than outside ( < 18,000 yr B.P.). Differences in occupation chronology and artifact assemblages inside and outside rock shelters result from depositional and postdepositional processes and shifts in site function. An increase in regional sedimentation rate from 10 cm/ka − 1 in the Pleistocene to 20 cm/ka − 1 in the Holocene may account for late buildup of sediments within rock shelters, increased artifact accumulation, and reduced postdepositional disturbance in some settings. More intense use of rock shelters in the Late Holocene is indicated from a change in hunting technology and greater production of rock art. The results indicate that some cultural interpretations might be flawed unless archaeological evidence from rock‐shelter and open‐site excavations is integrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Installation age of limestone masonry determined from its viscous remagnetization
Authors: Borradaile Graham John , Almqvist Bjarne Sven 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMany rocks passively acquire some time‐dependent or “viscous” remanent magnetism (VRM) at ambient temperatures, without any extraordinary energetic intervention. This magnetization overprints existing remanent magnetization so that it is effectively a remagnetization subparallel to the contemporary geomagnetic field, averaging the geomagnetic field orientation. Certain limestone masonry remagnetizes viscously over an archaeologically useful interval (100 to 8000 Ka) so that the degree of remagnetization is monotonically (but not linearly) related to the construction age. The laboratory unblocking temperature (TUB) that removes the viscous magnetization is a simple monotonic measure of relative age. The longer a piece of masonry remained stabilized in a certain orientation, the greater is its viscous remagnetization and the higher is its TUB. Monuments of known age with a similar limestone source permit us to establish a calibration curve of T UB against historical ages. The resulting calibration curve may then be used to predict the ages of otherwise‐undated masonry. Viscous remanent magnetism dating provides precision of <50a in medieval monuments in England and <150a precision for classical to Neolithic monuments in Cyprus; precision depends on the remagnetization rate of the limestone in question. Our calibration curves, for the Jurassic Oolitic Limestone of England and for the Lefkara‐Pakhna Chalks of Cyprus, allowed us to investigate the authenticity of a medieval English synagogue in Lincoln, England, and of a medieval house in Cyprus. Multiple archaeologic VRMs show that masonry was recycled in historical times. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The management of arable land from prehistory to the present: Case studies from the Northern Isles of Scotland
Authors: Guttmann Erika B. , Simpson Ian A. , Davidson Donald A. , Dockrill Stephen J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe arable soils from two multiperiod settlements were analyzed to identify changes in agricultural methods over time. The settlement middens were also analyzed to determine whether potential fertilizers were discarded unused. Results suggest that in the Neolithic period (˜4000–2000 B.C. in the UK) the arable soils at Tofts Ness, Orkney, and Old Scatness, Shetland, were created by flattening and cultivating the settlements' midden heaps in situ. The arable area at Tofts Ness was expanded in the Bronze Age (˜2000–700 B.C. in the UK), and the new land was improved by the addition of ash, nightsoil, and domestic waste. Cultivation continued briefly after the fields were buried in windblown sand in the Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age, but by the Early Iron Age cultivation ceased and organic‐rich material was allowed to accumulate within the settlement. By contrast, at Old Scatness, arable production was increased in the Iron Age (˜700 B.C.–A.D. 550 in Scotland) by the intensive use of animal manures. The results indicate that during the lifespan of the two settlements the arable soils were fertilized to increase production, which was intensified over time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid protein identification using monolithic enzymatic microreactor and LC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Duan Jicheng , Liang Zhen , Yang Chun , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Weibing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA monolithic enzymatic microreactor was prepared in a fused‐silica capillary by in situ polymerization of acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of a binary porogenic mixture of dodecanol and cyclohexanol, followed by ammonia solution treatment, glutaraldehyde activation and trypsin modification. The choice of acrylamide as co‐monomer was found useful to improve the efficiency of trypsin modification, thus, to increase the enzyme activity. The optimized microreactor offered very low back pressure, enabling the fast digestion of proteins flowing through the reactor. The performance of the monolithic microreactor was demonstrated with the digestion of cytochrome c at high flow rate. The digests were then characterized by CE and HPLC‐MS/MS with the sequence coverage of 57.7%. The digestion efficiency was found over 230 times as high as that of the conventional method. In addition, for the first time, protein digestion carried out in a mixture of water and ACN was compared with the conventional aqueous reaction using MS/MS detection, and the former solution was found more compatible and more efficient for protein digestion.
Proteome analysis of human lung squamous carcinoma
Authors: Li Cui , Xiao Zhiqiang , Chen Zhuchu , Zhang Xiaopeng , Li JianLing , Wu Xiaoying , Li Xinying , Yi Hong , Li Maoyu , Zhu Guo , Liang Songping 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFew lung cancer‐specific molecular markers have been established in regard of “early‐stage” diagnosis and prognosis. In this study the proteome analysis of human lung squamous carcinoma (hLSC) was carried out using two strategies to explore the carcinogenic mechanisms and identify its molecular markers more directly and comprehensively. Comparative proteome analysis on 20 hLSC tissues and paired normal bronchial epithelial tissues revealed 76 differential proteins, among which 68 proteins were identified by PMF. The identified proteins fell into three categories: oncoproteins, cell cycle regulators and signaling molecules. To validate the identified differential proteins, the expressions levels of three differential proteins mdm2, c‐jun and EGFR were determined by immunohistochemical staining and immunoblots. The results verified proteome analysis results. Serological proteome analysis (SERPA) of ten hLSC tissues was performed to identify the tumor‐associated antigens. The results revealed 36 ± 8 differential proteins reactive with patients' autologous sera, of which 14 proteins were identified. Six of the 14 proteins, alpha enolase, pre‐B cell‐enhancing factor precursor, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase A, and guanine nucleotide‐binding protein beta subunit‐like protein, were also up‐regulated in hLSCs in the comparative proteomic study, which suggests potential application of these 6 hLSC‐associated antigens in diagnosis and therapy of hLSC.
Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by laser capture microdissection
Authors: Ai Jianhua , Tan Yexiong , Ying Wantao , Hong Yi , Liu Shuqing , Wu Mengchao , Qian Xiaohong , Wang Hongyang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent visceral neoplasia worldwide and is a multifactorial and multistage pathogenesis that finally leads to the deregulation of cell homeostasis. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) may allow a more ready identification of differences in protein expression in selected cell types or areas of tissue, and microscopic regions as small as 3–5 μm in diameter can be sampled. Here we applied the LCM to the proteomic study of hepatitis B‐related HCC and surrounding non‐tumor tissues. Proteome alterations were observed using 2‐DE and ESI‐MS/MS, and alterations in the proteome were examined. Twenty protein spots were selected, of which 11 proteins were significantly altered in the HCC compared with the surrounding non‐tumor tissues. Of the proteins that were selected, peroxiredoxin 2, apolipoprotein A‐I precursor, 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase type II, and 14.5‐kDa translational inhibitor protein appear to be novel candidates as useful hepatitis B‐related HCC markers. This study indicates that LCM is a useful technological method in the proteomic study of cancer tissue. The proteins revealed in this experiment can be used in the future for studies pertaining to hepatocarcinogenesis, or as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC associated with hepatitis B virus infection.
Use of detergents to increase selectivity of immunoprecipitation of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides prior to identification by MALDI quadrupole‐TOF MS
Authors: Zhang Guoan , Neubert Thomas A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIdentification of tyrosine phosphorylation by MS is challenging due to its low abundance in biological samples. Therefore, specific enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides prior to their analysis is highly desirable. The application of immunopurification of phosphotyrosine (pY) peptides using pY antibodies has been greatly limited by poor selectivity. In the present study, we have shown that the selectivity of pY peptide immunopurification can be dramatically improved by adding detergents to immunoprecipitation buffers. Optimum selectivity and sensitivity were achieved using an immunoprecipitation buffer containing n‐octyl glucoside with a concentration above its critical micelle concentration (0.7%). The optimized method was used to identify in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation on proteins isolated from cell extract by anti‐pY protein immunoprecipitation. After immunopurification, non‐pY‐containing peptides from protein digests were readily removed and pY peptides became the dominant peaks in MALDI quadrupole‐TOF mass spectra. In addition, the signal intensities from pY‐containing peptides were enhanced significantly after enrichment, allowing characterization of tyrosine phosphorylation sites with greater sensitivity.
Thermochemistry of oxabicycloheptenes: enthalpy of formation, entropy and heat capacity
Authors: Bozzelli Joseph W. , Rajasekaran Indumathi , Hur Jin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCyclohexene isomers with an epoxide ring (oxabicycloheptenes) are reportedly formed in atmospheric photochemical oxidation of aromatics. They may also be formed in higher temperature oxidation and oxygen‐catalyzed pyrolysis of aromatics. Thermochemical properties, ΔH°f(298), S°298 and Cp(T) (10 K ≤ T ≤ 5000 K) of five target oxabicycloheptenes were calculated using density functional methods. Structures for 7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐ene, 7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐3‐ene, 7‐oxabicyclo[3.1.1]hept‐1‐ene, 7‐oxabicyclo[3.1.1]hept‐2‐ene and 7‐ oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene were calculated at the B3LYP/6–31g(d,p) level of theory. Enthalpies of formation were determined at the B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) calculation level using isodesmic and homodesmic working reactions with the ΔH°rxn and known enthalpies of reference reactants in each of four different work reactions. Enthalpy values for the following bicyclic ether structures were also calculated for comparison of the calculation method with literature: 6‐oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 8‐oxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane, 7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, endo‐2‐methyl‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, exo‐2‐methyl‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2,4‐ene. Entropy (298 K) and heat capacity [Cp(T)] values along with Benson group additivity parameters for each ring system are reported. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are nicotinoids protonated on the pyridine or the amino nitrogen in the gas phase?
Authors: Koné Mawa , Illien Bertrand , Laurence Christian , Gal Jean‐François , Maria Pierre‐Charles 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe gas‐phase basicities (GBs) of 12 nicotinoids were calculated for the two potential sites of protonation, the sp2 pyridine and the sp3 amino nitrogen atoms, at the B3LYP/6–311 + G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) level and estimated from substituent effects on the GBs of 2‐substituted pyrrolidines and N‐methylpyrrolidines. It was found that, in contrast to the Nsp3 protonation in water, nicotinoids with a secondary amino nitrogen (substituted nornicotines, anabasine, anatabine) are protonated on the pyridine nitrogen. Nicotinoids with a tertiary amino nitrogen (substituted nicotines, N‐methylanabasine, N‐methylanatabine) are protonated on either the pyridine or the amino nitrogen, depending on the electronic effects of the substituents and the strength of an intramolecular CH···Nsp3 hydrogen bond. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alteration of protein subcellular location and domain formation by alternative translational initiation
Authors: Cai Jun , Huang Ying , Li Fei , Li Yanda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlternative translation is an important cellular mechanism contributing to the generation of proteins and the diversity of protein functions. Instead of studying individual cases, we systematically analyzed the alteration of protein subcellular location and domain formation by alternative translational initiation in eukaryotes. The results revealed that 85.7% of alternative translation events generated biological diversity, attributed to different subcellular localizations and distinct domain contents in alternative isoforms. Analysis of isoelectric point values revealed that most N‐terminal truncated isoforms significantly lowered their isoelectric point values targeted at different subcellular localizations, whereas they had conserved domain contents the same as the full‐length isoforms. Furthermore, Fisher's exact test indicated that the two ways—targeting at different cellular compartments and changing domain contents—were negatively associated. The N‐term truncated isoforms should have only one way to diversify their functions distinct from the full‐length ones. The peculiar consequence of subcellular relocation as well as change of domain contents reflected the very high level of biological complexity as alternative usage of initiation codons. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.