bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Espaces urbains et représentations du multiculturalisme en Autriche-Hongrie (1790-1914)
Authors: Horel Catherine 
Published: February 2024

La ville multiculturelle caractéristique du monde habsbourgeois se transforme en un espace contesté où ceux qui se sentent exclus prétendent être visibles tandis que le groupe dominant se voit comme une forteresse assiégée. Face à cela, le discours véhiculé par l’État veut faire coexister deux modèles : le patriotisme dynastique compatible avec l’affirmation nationale. Ainsi la plupart des célébrations encore transnationales sont, dans une certaine mesure, les cérémonies religieuses et les festivités dynastiques. La privatisation de l’espace public signifie que la population prétend avoir accès au domaine public en revendiquant ses droits à la citoyenneté, que ce soit pour des arguments nationaux, sociaux ou de genre. Dans de nombreuses villes, les habitants ne sont plus disposés à partager l’espace urbain avec des concitoyens qu’ils considèrent comme « les autres » en termes de langue, de culture et de religion. Mais l’identification des citoyens à la ville pose un problème car nombre d’entre eux sont encore à la fin du xixe siècle d’origine récente. Les mécanismes d’appropriation sont entravés par le déni de la participation politique ainsi que par la discrimination sociale et nationale. La nécessité de construire des édifices représentant les communautés a contribué à l’appropriation de la ville par les nouveaux arrivants, qui veulent affirmer leur présence linguistique et religieuse dans la ville comme un défi face à la majorité, mais ils montrent également qu’ils adoptent la ville. Par conséquent, le patriotisme urbain n’est pas seulement le privilège de la majorité, il s’exprime également par des minorités, tout aussi légitimes que les bourgeois de la vieille ville. La « lutte » pour la ville est aussi un combat pour sa définition comme un espace ouvert et partagé.
La participation des villes castillanes à la politique du royaume (xiiie-xvie siècles)
Authors: Asenjo González María 
Published: February 2024

En général, le pouvoir politique dans les sociétés d’Ancien Régime n’était pas concentré uniquement entre les mains du monarque, mais réparti entre les différents pouvoirs : ordres militaires, corporations, seigneurs, villes et d’autres instances de pouvoir de nature diverse. Chaque pouvoir voulait être présent dans les structures supérieures pour mieux défendre ses intérêts. Mais les villes castillanes cherchaient cependant à être proches de la monarchie pour collaborer dans les domaines de la justice, de la paix et de la sécurité. Au cours des règnes du xiiie au xvie siècle, les villes étaient informées des questions importantes, avec même une présence continue de députés urbains au Conseil royal, à la cour et dans l’entourage du monarque. Depuis 1474, les continos reales choisis parmi les élites urbaines participaient à la défense militaire et intervenaient partout comme délégués de la monarchie avec loyauté, fidélité et obéissance.
Gobierno político y obediencia ciudadana en tiempos de los Habsburgos: la fundación de Carlentini (Sicilia) en 1551
Authors: Delgado Barrado José Miguel 
Published: February 2024

El terremoto de 1542 destruyó parcialmente la ciudad de Lentini en Sicilia. Las autoridades virreinales, Ferrando Gonzaga y Juan de Vega, proyectaron fundar una nueva población en las proximidades de Lentini, bautizando a la ciudad como Carlentini, en honor al emperador Carlos V. El proyecto fundacional se activó en 1551, pero la realidad fue que el proyecto fracasó por la oposición de los habitantes de Lentini al abandono de su ciudad y poblar Carlentini, por factores diversos como su pésima ubicación (en una colina), el mayor control de su población (ciudad amurallada con pocas puertas), la lejanía de los espacios de cultivos y la mala comunicación con otras ciudades y territorios. No fue hasta el devastador terremoto de Val di Noto de 1693 cuando se produjo una verdadera ocupación de Carlentini. La cartografía histórica, con mapas y planos de diferentes escalas, representó la nueva población y sirvió para simbolizar el poder de las autoridades en la consolidación del proyecto fundacional.
Die österreichisch-ungarische Okkupation Bosniens und der Herzegowina in der deutschsprachigen Regionalpresse
Authors: Birk Uršula Krevs 
Published: February 2024

Der Beitrag behandelt die Repräsentation der österreichisch-ungarischen Okkupation Bosniens und der Herzegowina im Laibacher Tagblatt aus dem Jahr 1878, einem bislang weniger beachteten Presseorgan der deutschsprachigen liberal-bürgerlichen Regionalpresse aus der Krain. Der Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, das Selbstbild der Monarchie im Zusammenhang mit der auf dem Berliner Kongress beschlossenen Okkupation Bosniens-Herzegowinas sowie die eventuellen Aufklärungskomponenten diskurslinguistisch zu erfassen. Der Schwerpunkt der Beobachtung liegt auf den Charakteristika der politischen Pressesprache, dem adressierten Leserkreis wie auch auf der Beschaffenheit des Pressediskurses. Im Sinne Foucaults wird man versuchen, die Diskursthemen und die Gegendiskurse zur Abhandlung der Okkupation im Laibacher Tagblatt aus dem Jahr 1878 zu bestimmen und ferner zu ermitteln, welche Träger der gesellschaftlichen Macht als Akteure an diskursiven Prozessen teilnehmen und mit welchen Argumenten eine positiv konnotierte Darstellung der Okkupation konstruiert wird. Von den zentralen Themen des Aufklärungsdiskurses, auf den sich die Zeitung bei ihrer Gründung 1868 berief, wurden im untersuchten Diskurs vor allem die wirtschaftlichen Fortschritte und der Aufbau der Infrastruktur im Okkupationsgebiet behandelt, weniger hingegen die Zivilisationsmission Österreichs auf dem Balkan, wie vielleicht zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Jedenfalls erhoffte sich das liberale Laibacher Blatt als Medium und Akteur des politischen Diskurses einen Resonanzraum in der zentraleuropäischen Öffentlichkeit und blieb dabei doch ganz ein proösterreichisches und verfassungstreues Presseorgan.
Astaxanthin Inhibits STING Carbonylation and Enhances Antiviral Responses
Authors: Li Qizhao , Jia Mutian , Song Hui , Peng Jun , Zhao Wei , Zhang Weifang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
STING-mediated DNA sensing pathway plays a crucial role in the innate antiviral immune responses. Clarifying its regulatory mechanism and searching STING agonists has potential clinical implications. Although multiple STING agonists have been developed to target cancer, there are few for the treatment of infectious diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural and powerful antioxidant, serves many biological functions and as a potential candidate drug for many diseases. However, how astaxanthin combats viruses and whether astaxanthin regulates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–STING pathway remains unclear. In this study, we showed that astaxanthin markedly inhibited HSV-1–induced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses and enhanced the induction of type I IFN in C57BL/6J mice and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. Mechanistically, astaxanthin inhibited HSV-1 infection and oxidative stress-induced STING carbonylation and consequently promoted STING translocation to the Golgi apparatus and oligomerization, which activated STING-dependent host defenses. Thus, our study reveals that astaxanthin displays a strong antiviral activity by targeting STING, suggesting that astaxanthin might be a promising STING agonist and a therapeutic target for viral infectious diseases.
IDO1 Inhibition Promotes Activation of Tumor-intrinsic STAT3 Pathway and Induces Adverse Tumor-protective Effects
Authors: Yu Longbo , Xu Lingyan , Chen Yunjie , Rong Yicheng , Zou Yi , Ge Shushan , Wu Tiancong , Lai Yisheng , Xu Qiang , Guo Wenjie , Liu Wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 exhibits great promise as a strategy in cancer therapy. However, the failure of phase III clinical trials has raised the pressing need to understand the underlying reasons for this outcome. To gain comprehensive insights into the reasons behind the clinical failure of IDO1 inhibitors, it is essential to investigate the entire tumor microenvironment rather than focusing solely on individual cells or relying on knockout techniques. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the overall response to apo-IDO1 inhibitor administration. Interestingly, although apo-IDO1 inhibitors were found to significantly activate intratumoral immune cells (mouse colon cancer cell CT26 transplanted in BALB/C mice), such as T cells, macrophages, and NK cells, they also stimulated the infiltration of M2 macrophages. Moreover, these inhibitors prompted monocytes and macrophages to secrete elevated levels of IL-6, which in turn activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in tumor cells. Consequently, this activation enables tumor cells to survive even in the face of heightened immune activity. These findings underscore the unforeseen adverse effects of apo-IDO1 inhibitors on tumor cells and highlight the potential of combining IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors with apo-IDO1 inhibitors to improve their clinical efficacy.
Liquid-based Cytology as a Superior Tool Compared to Conventional Pap Smear in Detecting Cervical Cancer in Suspected Cases: A Comparative Study
Authors: Das Subhashish , Kalyani R , Sheela SR , Kamala K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Screening programs has conventional cytology such as Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) have successfully reduced cervical cancer, but newer tests like Manual Liquid-based cytology (MLBC) and Human Papillomavirus testing might enhance screening.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross sectional study conducted on 175 samples was processed for CPS and MLBC. Cytobrush was used for LBC which was suspended and detached in the preservative fluid and processed by manual method. Histopathological correlation and HPV DNA testing was also done.

Results:
MLBC showed higher specimen adequately, cellularity, clean background and uniform distribution of cells than CPS.

Conclusion:
MLBC showed improved specimen adequately, better cytomorphological features and higher detection of epithelial cell abnormality.
Publication Guideline Check! What do the Academician, Clinician and Post-graduate Student Think? A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Modak Jayaditya , Agarwal Srishti , Chakraborty Richik , Manohar Balaji , Bhuvaneshwari S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Several journals are launched every month. The authors need to stay updated regarding selecting and publishing their research work in the right journal, considering the number of predatory journals present now.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst academicians, clinicians and post-graduate students from the speciality of periodontology in India by using a valid questionnaire to understand the knowledge regarding the choice, publisher details, peer review system, indexing, archiving and publication fee guidelines. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were performed for the analysis.

Results:
The survey included academicians (n = 1832), clinicians (n = 370) and post-graduate students (n = 969) who consented to take part in the survey. Overall, the results showed that the post-graduate students had better knowledge regarding the selection and publication of articles in journals.

Conclusion:
The present findings suggest that the participants have an understanding of publication in niche speciality journals with a little ambiguity in the names of the journals.
Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Rhuflex-F – A proprietary Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in albino rats
Authors: Gupta Veerendra , Panigrahi Balaji , De Subrata , Nariya Mukeshkumar B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Rhuflex-F is a proprietary Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation clinically used to combat and relieve stiffness in joints and muscles, reduce edema, restore mobility, and also effective in relieving the symptoms of other autoimmune illnesses that lead to rheumatism.

Aims:
The aim and objective of the research study is to evaluate the efficacy of Rhuflex-F against in vitro protein denaturation and in vivo Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.

Materials and methods:

In vitro inhibition of protein denaturation activity was carried out using bovine serum albumin. For in vivo activity, arthritis was induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant in albino rats. Rhuflex-F (135–270 mg/kg, po) was administered for 30th days in arthritic rats, and effects were assessed on primary and secondary paw edema, on pain response, hematological, serum biochemical parameters (serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid, and orosomucoid), and serum anti-oxidant parameters and adrenal ascorbic acid.

Results:
Aqueous extract of Rhuflex-F showed in vitro protein denaturation inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Rhuflex-F showed nonsignificant decrease in primary and secondary paw edema with reduced pain response, some reversal effects on hematological parameters such as white blood cell and red blood cell related parameters and serum orosomucoid and adrenal ascorbic acid in comparison to Fruend’s adjuvant control group. Further, Rhuflex-F reversed Freund’s adjuvant-induced adverse effects on oxidant status in the serum of albino rats.

Conclusion:
Result of the present study suggested that Rhuflex-F formulation has anti-inflammatory activity, may be due to the inhibition of protein denaturation in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic activity against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.
Comparative Pharmacognostic study of market samples of Tagara collected from five different markets of Kerala with the official source plant Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb
Authors: Iqbal P. Mohammed , Harinarayanan C. M. , Palengara Vivek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:

Tagara is a very popular Ayurveda herb used in the treatment insomnia, epilepsy, neurosis, hepatoprotective, anticancerous, and analgesic. Characteristic smell is the typical feature of it. As per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and many other classical texts, rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi of the family Valerianceae is the accepted source of the drug. From some of the reports from early 1980s, it was found that roots of some aquatic plants such as Nymphoides macrospermum, Nymphoides hydrophylla, Nymphoides indica, and Limnanthemum cristatum were said to be used as Tagara instead of V. jatamansi in the South Indian markets.

Aim:
This study proposed to assess the present status of Tagara available in herbal raw drug markets of Kerala.

Materials and methods:
Five market samples of Tagara were collected from selected markets of Kerala, and some of the reported aquatic plants, collected from natural habitats nearby. Macroscopic, microscopic, histochemical, and powder microscopic characterization of all these samples were done as per the standard procedure mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and characters observed were compared with official source plant and pharmacopoeial standard.

Results:
Morphological characters of market samples of Tagara collected from the various markets of Kerala were not matching with the rhizomes of genuine drug V. jatamansi and that of Uttarakhand sample. The microscopic and histochemical examination also gave the same result. However, these samples showed similarities with the roots of Nymphoides macrospermam. Sample collected from Uttarakhand was the rhizome of V. jatamansi.

Conclusion:
The collected market samples of Tagara from various Kerala markets were not the rhizomes of V. jatamansi but the roots of N. macrospermam.
Safety and Efficacy of Semaglutide Use in Diabetes during Ramadan Fasting: A Real-world Experience from Bangladesh
Authors: Pathan Md Faruque , Akter Nazma , Selim Shahjada , Amin Md Feroz , Afsana Faria , Saifuddin M. , Kamrul-Hasan A. B. M. , Mustari Marufa , Chakraborty Ashish Kumar , Hossain Riad M. M. 
Published: February 2024

Aims:
The study has been conducted to observe the efficacy and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide during Ramadan fasting among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Bangladesh who intended to fast during Ramadan 2022.

Methods:
This was an open-label, single-center, two-arm parallel-group study. In this prospective observational study, patients were enrolled in two groups depending on treated with or without semaglutide for at least 3 months prior Ramadan. Initially, total 200 patients were enrolled at the first visit (4 weeks before Ramadan); among them, 58 subjects were in the semaglutide group (Group A) and 142 in other than the semaglutide group (Group B). At the end of the second visit (within 4 weeks after Ramadan) after data editing and cleaning, a total of 130 patients (55 subjects in Group A and 75 subjects in Group B) were included in the final statistical analysis. All of them were followed up for a total of 24 weeks including 12 weeks of screening period. The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%), weight loss (kg), hypoglycemia (number of events), and episodes of gastrointestinal (GI) upset (number of events) during Ramadan fasting.

Results:
Patients in the semaglutide group had better glycemic control after fasting of Ramadan compared to the control group (mean decrease in HbA1c level: 0.61% vs. 0.19%; P < 0.001). In addition, more than 18% of the patients in the semaglutide group achieved good glycemic control (HbA1c <7%), while the rate was 13.3% in the control group. Patients treated with semaglutide achieved a better weight loss than the nonsemaglutide group (2.97 vs. 1.38 kg; P < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in terms of hypoglycemic events in both the groups (P = 0.13), but the GI symptoms were more common in the semaglutide group than the control group (P < 0.05). Among other secondary endpoints, the serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were significantly decreased in the semaglutide group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Semaglutide showed better efficacy in glycemic control, weight loss, and dyslipidemia compared to other hypoglycemic drugs in patients with T2DM during Ramadan. Although patients receiving semaglutide reported fewer hypoglycemic episodes and GI upset events, they might be subjected to other medications or prolonged fasting. Semaglutide might be considered a suitable therapy during Ramadan fasting based on judicial judgment.
Ocular surface changes in patients who have undergone head and neck radiation therapy
Authors: Sujithra H , Shah Kannisha N , Anoop R , Ullattil Pushpaja K , Pillai Gopal S , Ravindran Greeshma C , Vazirani Jayesh 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a familiar sequelae of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancers (HNC). Ocular surface changes such as DES occur due to injury to the conjunctival epithelium, goblet cells, corneal surface, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands. This study aimed at the evaluation and early detection of changes in ocular surface parameters in patients receiving RT for extraocular HNC.

Methods:
Forty-two eyes of 21 patients undergoing HNC RT were evaluated. Radiation technique and dose of radiation to the lens and eye were recorded. Subjects were evaluated for meibomian gland changes by meiboscore grading, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and slit-lamp examination before RT, immediately post RT, and 6 weeks post RT. A comparison of the ipsilateral eye on the irradiated side to the contralateral eye was done.

Results:
A significant reduction in TBUT was seen immediately post RT and 6 weeks post RT (P < 0.001 and 0.008, respectively), with an increase in meiboscore at both visits (P < 0.001). An OSDI score of >13 was seen in 23.80% of patients post RT, with a significant difference from baseline (P < 0.001). On comparing ipsilateral and contralateral eye groups, a significant difference from baseline was seen in TBUT (P < 0.001 and 0.033, respectively) and meiboscore (P < 0.001 for both eyes). A significant change of >1 second in TBUT and >1.7 in meiboscore was seen with a mean dose of around 8 Gy to the lens.

Conclusion:
All patients undergoing HNC RT should be followed up for ocular surface and meibomian gland changes. The contralateral eye should also be evaluated. Patients receiving lower doses to the ocular structures should also be kept under follow-up.
Predictive accuracy of Barrett TK toric calculator compared to measured posterior corneal astigmatism using Pentacam in toric IOL power calculation
Authors: Tamilarasi S , Joseph Ashalyne James , Dandapani Ramamurthy 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To compare the predictive accuracy of Barrett total keratometry (Barrett TK) toric calculator with the measured posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) by using Pentacam in toric intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Methods:
A prospective analysis was done on 118 eyes requiring toric IOL power implantation. The absolute prediction error of the Barrett TK toric calculator and the measured PCA in the online toric calculator were assessed and compared to the standard Alcon toric calculator (with Barrett toric calculator incorporated).

Results:
The mean absolute prediction error of the online toric calculator (0.32 D) (with Barrett toric calculator incorporated), Barrett TK Toric (0.34 D), and measured PCA of Pentacam in Barrett toric calculator (0.33 D) were found to be similar with no statistically significant difference. Subanalysis in eyes with with-the-rule astigmatism, against-the-rule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism showed similar results. Alpins analysis showed that all three methods overcorrected corneal astigmatism.

Conclusion:
The Barrett TK toric calculator and the measured PCA of Pentacam in the Barrett toric calculator have similar predictive accuracy to the online toric calculator (with Barrett toric calculator incorporated).
Vision on wheels: Technician-assisted retinopathy of prematurity screening in rural Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh: 2018–2021 Project Report
Authors: Vedantham Vasumathy , Ratnagiri Praveen Krishna 
Published: February 2024

Aim:
To analyze the incidence of sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants in rural Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh from 2018 to 2021, and to analyze its association with birthweight (BW), gestational age (GA), and postconceptional age (PCA).

Methods:
Project Vision on Wheels is a free ROP screening and treatment program initiated by a tertiary eye care center in South India in June 2018 to screen preterm infants in rural areas in 11 centers in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh by trained technicians. Infants with sight-threatening ROP were immediately shifted for vision-preserving laser.

Results:
Of the 18,117 infants screened from 2018 to 2021, 1046 infants underwent laser, with the majority being bigger and more mature when compared to Western data. There was a yearly increase in the number of infants with sight-threatening ROP in the lower BW, GA, and PCA categories. The timely detection of the condition by committed screening led to salvage of vision by timely laser in 100% of the treated babies in all the years. The incidence of sight-threatening ROP had a yearly decrease in higher BW, GA, and PCA categories. These trends were statistically significant (P = 0.001 for ROP and BW, P = 0.037 for ROP and GA, and P = 0.001 for ROP and PCA).

Conclusion:
The statistically significant trend of decreasing sight-threatening ROP in babies with higher BW, GA, and PCA and increasing treatable ROP in younger and smaller babies (with lower BWs, GAs, and PCAs) in rural India, over time, is a hitherto unreported finding. This is the first such study in rural Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh combined, with the largest data to date (as per MEDLINE search) to document this healthier trend.