bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 pandemic impacts on kindergarteners' mental health: A qualitative study of perspectives of U.S. mothers with low income
Authors: Turnbull Khara L. P. , Jaworski Brianna , Cubides Mateus Deiby Mayaris , Coolman Frances L. , LoCasale‐Crouch Jennifer , Moon Rachel Y. , Hauck Fern R. , Kellams Ann , Colson Eve R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBecause the COVID‐19 pandemic has been implicated in increased mental health concerns for families of low income, we aimed to describe maternal perspectives about the pandemic's impact on their kindergartener's mental health during the 2020–2021 school year. We conducted 22 in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with U.S. mothers with low income who had kindergarten‐age children (50% male and 50% female). All participants were female, ranging in age from 24 to 44 years, and reported the following ethnic/racial identities: non‐Hispanic Black or African American (41%), Hispanic of any race (36%) and non‐Hispanic, White (23%). With a team comprising multiple researchers from varied disciplines (e.g., medicine, education and public health) our analytic process used an iterative approach for developing and revising codes and themes until we reached thematic saturation. Most mothers described negative impacts on social, behavioural and emotional aspects of mental health. Some described positive social impacts, including strengthened family relationships. Mothers described no positive changes to behavioural or emotional aspects of mental health. Maternal perspectives suggest the importance of prioritising access to screening and treating mental health needs to support children's kindergarten transition, mitigate pandemic impacts and plan for future disruptions.
Deamination‐ or N‐Nitrosation‐Based Methods for m6A Profiling
Authors: Shen Weiguo , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe addition of various chemical modifications to RNA introduces an additional layer of complexity to the regulation of gene expression. Among all RNA modifications, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has earned its status as the most abundant and well‐studied post‐transcriptional modification in mammalian mRNA. Nevertheless, understanding the role of m6A in shaping the fate of RNA molecules and its influence on gene expression heavily depends on the development and application of detection technologies. Among all m6A detection methods, chemical‐based sequencing methods show unique advantages. Our group recently developed an absolute quantification method named GLORI, which employs nitrite and glyoxal to convert adenosine to inosine efficiently. With its potential to emerge as the gold standard for m6A detection, GLORI showcases the promise of nitrite‐based approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of m6A detection techniques based on deamination or nitrosation, evaluating their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we offer insights into the future directions of innovative approaches in m6A profiling.
Advancing skin cancer diagnosis with a multi‐branch ShuffleNet architecture
Authors: Devaraj G. Prince , Ravi R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present an innovative approach for enhancing skin cancer classification through a multi‐branch architecture inspired by ShuffleNet. Our methodology focuses on improving feature extraction and representation, emphasizing cross‐channel information exchange to achieve superior accuracy. The architecture comprises three branches: a primary feature enhancement branch, a parallel feature enhancement branch, and a global feature aggregation branch. We employ transposed convolution layers for upsampling, cross‐channel normalization, and the Swish activation function to enhance feature representations. Channel shuffle operations and group convolutions stimulate cross‐channel information exchange in both branches. The global feature aggregation branch utilizes global average pooling and depth concatenation to combine features from all branches. Subsequent Swish activation, followed by fully connected layers and softmax activation, yields class probabilities for precise skin cancer classification. This multi‐branch framework offers a promising avenue for accurate and informed medical image analysis in skin cancer detection. Integral to this research is the utilization of the ISIC2019 and ISIC 2020 datasets, encompassing diverse dermoscopic images from multiple sources. By leveraging these datasets, the methodology capitalizes on comprehensive data for precise skin cancer detection, thereby advancing medical image analysis.
Ultrasound manifestations and clinical analysis of 50 cases of heterotopic pregnancy
Authors: Xiao Juhua , Zhou Xin , Wang Shuang , Lai Hua , Yang Zhili , Guo Zhen , Luo Ye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy and the follow‐up.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 50 cases of clinically diagnosed heterotopic pregnancy in our hospital was performed, the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic manifestations of the patients were summarized, the reasons for initial ultrasound missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were analyzed, and the pregnancy outcomes were followed up.ResultsAmong the 50 cases, the initial ultrasound diagnoses of intrauterine pregnancy were all gestational sac type, 32 cases of ectopic pregnancy were located in the fallopian tube, and 10 cases were located in the uterine horn, 1 case at cervix, and 1 case at caesarean section scar. Forty‐one cases were consistent with surgery and/or pathology, representing initial ultrasound diagnosis coincidence rate of about 82%. Six cases were missed in the initial ultrasound examination (12%), and three cases were misdiagnosed (6%). The maximum diameter of the intrauterine gestational sac was 9–48 mm, the average was about 24.90 ± 9.56 mm, the maximum diameter of the ectopic pregnancy gestational sac or mass was 11–63 mm, and the average was about 31.45 ± 13.82 mm (p < 0.05). Intrauterine pregnancy outcomes were followed up, 45 patients with complete data and 5 patients were lost to follow‐up. The follow‐up rate was about 90%.ConclusionCombining the patient's medical history and clinical characteristics can reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography has important value in the assessment of intrauterine pregnancy growth and development, and the integrity of maternal uterus.
Efficacy and safety of sapropterin before and during pregnancy: Final analysis of the Kuvan® Adult Maternal Paediatric European Registry (KAMPER) maternal and Phenylketonuria Developmental Outcomes and Safety (PKUDOS) PKU‐MOMs sub‐registries
Authors: Feillet François , Ficicioglu Can , Lagler Florian B. , Longo Nicola , Muntau Ania C. , Burlina Alberto , Trefz Friedrich K. , van Spronsen Francjan J. , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Lindstrom Kristin , Lilienstein Joshua , Clague Gillian E. , Rowell Richard , Burton Barbara K. ,   the KAMPER and PKUDOS investigators
Published: March 2024

AbstractInfants born to mothers with phenylketonuria (PKU) may develop congenital abnormalities because of elevated phenylalanine (Phe) levels in the mother during pregnancy. Maintenance of blood Phe levels between 120 and 360 μmol/L reduces risks of birth defects. Sapropterin dihydrochloride helps maintain blood Phe control, but there is limited evidence on its risk–benefit ratio when used during pregnancy. Data from the maternal sub‐registries—KAMPER (NCT01016392) and PKUDOS (NCT00778206; PKU‐MOMs sub‐registry)—were collected to assess the long‐term safety and efficacy of sapropterin in pregnant women in a real‐life setting. Pregnancy and infant outcomes, and the safety of sapropterin were assessed. Final data from 79 pregnancies in 57 women with PKU are reported. Sapropterin dose was fairly constant before and during pregnancy, with blood Phe levels maintained in the recommended target range during the majority (82%) of pregnancies. Most pregnancies were carried to term, and the majority of liveborn infants were reported as ‘normal’ at birth. Few adverse and serious adverse events were considered related to sapropterin, with these occurring in participants with high blood Phe levels. This report represents the largest population of pregnant women with PKU exposed to sapropterin. Results demonstrate that exposure to sapropterin during pregnancy was well‐tolerated and facilitated maintenance of blood Phe levels within the target range, resulting in normal delivery. This critical real‐world data may facilitate physicians and patients to make informed treatment decisions about using sapropterin in pregnant women with PKU and in women of childbearing age with PKU who are responsive to sapropterin.
Regenerative capacity of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived articular chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Raftery Rosanne M. , Pregizer Steven K. , Kocher Sophia , Craft April M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ideal cell source for articular cartilage repair remains elusive. Using developmentally inspired differentiation protocols, we induced human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) toward articular chondrocytes capable of joint cartilage repair in rodent models, which were distinct from growth plate chondrocytes, fated to be replaced by bone in vivo. Working toward clinical translation, we demonstrated controlled differentiation into chondrocytes by comprehensive gene expression analysis at each step of the differentiation. Articular chondrocytes derived from hPSCs could be expanded several passages in vitro without losing chondrogenic potential. Furthermore, chondrocytes isolated from these articular cartilage tissues had the potential to serially regenerate new articular and growth plate cartilage tissues. Finally, the ability to cryopreserve articular chondrocytes with the desired phenotype is critical for clinical translation and here we report no loss in cell viability or regenerative potential following cryopreservation. These results support the immense potential of hPSC‐derived articular chondrocytes as a cell‐based therapy for cartilage repair.
Enhancing hospital resilience and planning capacity in scenarios of crisis using group decision‐making and interpretive structural modeling
Authors: Bai Junsong , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Ferreira Neuza C. M. Q. F. , Ferreira João J. M. , Correia Ricardo J. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHospitals, as critical infrastructures, confront multifaceted challenges during crises, ranging from natural disasters to pandemics. Initially, these facilities must secure essential emergency support functions and, subsequently, expedite their recovery from any adverse impacts. Hospital resilience, influenced by numerous variables and assessed through various evaluation criteria, remains enigmatic in terms of relationships and hierarchy among these factors. By integrating group decision‐making and interpretive structural modeling, this study delves into determinants of practices bolstering hospital resilience from an internal management perspective. While the empirical results offer insights specific to the study context, the primary contribution is in the innovative methodology that shifts the emphasis from mere outputs to the intrinsic value of the process itself. Consequently, a hierarchical model of hospital resilience emerges, enriching insights into hospital resilience and highlighting the intricate balance between methodological rigor and tangible application, additionally serving as a blueprint for similar context‐specific investigations. The research culminated in a consolidation session with an external expert, who assessed the model's applicability as a tool for generating new knowledge about developing hospital resilience management. Advantages and limitations are also discussed.
Distinct presentation of melanoma in Black patients may inform strategies to improve outcomes
Authors: Steadman Jessica A. , Glasgow Amy E. , Neequaye Nikki N. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Hieken Tina J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionMelanoma guidelines stem largely from data on non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients. We aimed to identify features of melanoma within non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) patients to inform strategies for earlier detection and treatment.MethodsFrom 2004 to 2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we identified nonmetastatic melanoma patients with known TN category and race. Kaplan–Meier cancer‐specific survival (CSS) estimates and multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling analyses were performed.ResultsOf 492 597 patients, 1499 (0.3%) were NHB, who were younger (21% vs. 17% age <50) and more commonly female (54% vs. 41%) than NHW, both p < 0.0005. For NHBs, lower extremity was the most common site (52% vs. 15% for NHWs, p < 0.0001), T category was higher (55% Tis–T1 vs. 82%; 27% T3–T4 vs. 8%, p < 0.0001) and stage at presentation was higher (19% Stage III, vs. 6%, p < 0.0001). Within the NHB cohort, males were older, and more often node‐positive than females. Five‐year Stage III CSS was 42% for NHB males versus 71% for females, adjusting for age and clinical nodal status (hazard ratio 2.48).ConclusionsNHB melanoma patients presented with distinct tumor characteristics. NHB males with Stage III disease had inferior CSS. Focus on this high‐risk patient cohort to promote earlier detection and treatment may improve outcomes.
Wavelength‐dependent threshold fluences for melanosome disruption to evaluate the treatment of pigmented lesions with 532‐, 730‐, 755‐, 785‐, and 1064‐nm picosecond lasers
Authors: Shimojo Yu , Nishimura Takahiro , Tsuruta Daisuke , Ozawa Toshiyuki , Chan Henry Hin Lee , Kono Taro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA threshold fluence for melanosome disruption has the potential to provide a robust numerical indicator for establishing clinical endpoints for pigmented lesion treatment using a picosecond laser. Although the thresholds for a 755‐nm picosecond laser were previously reported, the wavelength dependence has not been investigated. In this study, wavelength‐dependent threshold fluences for melanosome disruption were determined. Using a mathematical model based on the thresholds, irradiation parameters for 532‐, 730‐, 755‐, 785‐, and 1064‐nm picosecond laser treatments were evaluated quantitatively.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA suspension of melanosomes extracted from porcine eyes was irradiated using picosecond lasers with varying fluence. The mean particle size of the irradiated melanosomes was measured by dynamic light scattering, and their disruption was observed by scanning electron microscopy to determine the disruption thresholds. A mathematical model was developed, combined with the threshold obtained and Monte Carlo light transport to calculate irradiation parameters required to disrupt melanosomes within the skin tissue.ResultsThe threshold fluences were determined to be 0.95, 2.25, 2.75, and 6.50 J/cm² for 532‐, 730‐, 785‐, and 1064‐nm picosecond lasers, respectively. The numerical results quantitatively revealed the relationship between irradiation wavelength, incident fluence, and spot size required to disrupt melanosomes distributed at different depths in the skin tissue. The calculated irradiation parameters were consistent with clinical parameters that showed high efficacy with a low incidence of complications.ConclusionThe wavelength‐dependent thresholds for melanosome disruption were determined. The results of the evaluation of irradiation parameters from the threshold‐based analysis provided numerical indicators for setting the clinical endpoints for 532‐, 730‐, 755‐, 785‐, and 1064‐nm picosecond lasers.
Functional Study of SNCA p.V15A Variant: Further Linking α‐Synuclein and Glucocerebrosidase
Authors: Avenali Micol , Cerri Silvia , Palmieri Ilaria , Ongari Gerardo , Stiuso Rita , Buongarzone Gabriele , Tassorelli Cristina , Biagini Tommaso , Valente Marialuisa , Cereda Cristina , Mazza Tommaso , Gana Simone , Pacchetti Claudio , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground
SNCA p.V15A was reported in five families. In vitro models showed increased aggregation and seeding activity, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Mutant flies had reduced flying ability and survival.ObjectivesTo clinically and functionally evaluate SNCA p.V15A in a large Italian family with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsGenetic diagnosis was reached through next‐generation sequencing. Pathogenicity was assessed by molecular dynamics simulation and biochemical studies on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).ResultsFive siblings carried SNCA p.V15A; three developed bradykinetic‐rigid PD in their 50s with rapid motor progression and variable cognitive impairment. A fourth sibling had isolated mood disturbance, whereas the fifth was still unaffected at age 47. The mutant protein showed decreased stability and an unstable folded structure. Proband's PBMCs showed elevated total and phosphorylated α‐synuclein (α‐syn) levels and significantly reduced glucocerebrosidase activity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates accumulation of α‐synV15A in PBMCs and strengthens the link between α‐syn pathophysiology and glucocerebrosidase dysfunction. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Optimizing dual‐energy CT technique for iodine‐based contrast‐to‐noise ratio, a theoretical study
Authors: Terzioglu Fatma , Sidky Emil Y. , Phillips John Paul , Reiser Ingrid S. , Bal Guillaume , Pan Xiaochuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDual‐energy CT (DECT) systems provide valuable material‐specific information by simultaneously acquiring two spectral measurements, resulting in superior image quality and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) while reducing radiation exposure and contrast agent usage. The selection of DECT scan parameters, including x‐ray tube settings and fluence, is critical for the stability of the reconstruction process and hence the overall image quality.PurposeThe goal of this study is to propose a systematic theoretical method for determining the optimal DECT parameters for minimal noise and maximum CNR in virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) for fixed subject size and total radiation dose.MethodsThe noise propagation in the process of projection based material estimation from DECT measurements is analyzed. The main components of the study are the mean pixel variances for the sinogram and monochromatic image and the CNR, which were shown to depend on the Jacobian matrix of the sinograms‐to‐DECT measurements map.Analytic estimates for the mean sinogram and monochromatic image pixel variances and the CNR as functions of tube potentials, fluence, and VMI energy are derived, and then used in a virtual phantom experiment as an objective function for optimizing the tube settings and VMI energy to minimize the image noise and maximize the CNR.ResultsIt was shown that DECT measurements corresponding to kV settings that maximize the square of Jacobian determinant values over a domain of interest lead to improved stability of basis material reconstructions.Instances of non‐uniqueness in DECT were addressed, focusing on scenarios where the Jacobian determinant becomes zero within the domain of interest despite significant spectral separation. The presence of non‐uniqueness can lead to singular solutions during the inversion of sinograms‐to‐DECT measurements, underscoring the importance of considering uniqueness properties in parameter selection.Additionally, the optimal VMI energy and tube potentials for maximal CNR was determined. When the x‐ray beam filter material was fixed at 2 mm of aluminum and the photon fluence for low and high kV scans were considered equal, the tube potential pair of 60/120 kV led to the maximal iodine CNR in the VMI at 53 keV.ConclusionsOptimizing DECT scan parameters to maximize the CNR can be done in a systematic way. Also, choosing the parameters that maximize the Jacobian determinant over the set of expected line integrals leads to more stable reconstructions due to the reduced amplification of the measurement noise. Since the values of the Jacobian determinant depend strongly on the imaging task, careful consideration of all of the relevant factors is needed when implementing the proposed framework.
Acoustic telemetry tracking of Coho Salmon smolts released from a community-run hatchery into a marine inlet reveals low early ocean survival
Authors: Kanigan Adam M. , Hinch Scott G. , Lotto Andrew G. , Szlachta Kamil , Johnston Stephen D. , Lingard Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Hatcheries are used to help supplement populations of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. for conservation and fisheries purposes and to provide stewardship opportunities. In British Columbia, small community-run hatcheries typically focus on the latter and generally do not know the efficacy of their release approaches, unlike larger production hatcheries.

Methods
We used acoustic telemetry to track the survival and behavior of 90 hatchery-reared Coho Salmon O. kisutch smolts, released from a community hatchery, through Burrard Inlet and into the Strait of Georgia. This is the first study to track Coho Salmon smolts released directly into a marine environment and one of very few studies to track them in an oceanic setting.

Result
Smolt survival was lowest through the first 3 km of the migration at 37%, and the estimated cumulative survival to the final array (~20 km from release) was 10–23%. The presence of numerous predators in the region suggests that predation is a possible explanation for poor survival over the relatively short migration distance. Travel rates ranged from ~4 to 18 km/day, depending on the migration segment, which is slower than the marine migration of smolts from other species, likely increasing exposure to predators. However, we found potential evidence of “predator swamping,” as survival estimates across migration segments were highest for the final of our three release groups and poorest for the first release group, with intergroup survival estimates increasing by 7–12% in the final three migration segments. Releasing smolts at high densities and at night, as our partner hatchery currently does, likely improves smolt survival.

Conclusion
Our work demonstrates how acoustic telemetry can be used to examine hatchery practices and propose potential improvements. Saltwater readiness and the release location are factors that our results suggest may warrant future attention to potentially improve marine survival of Coho Salmon smolts.