bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Clinical Applications and Ethical Issues
Authors: Park Soo Jin , Kim Yoon Young , Han Ji Yeon , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Hoon , Ku Seung-Yup 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background:
The development and use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in regenerative medicine have been revolutionary, offering significant advancements in treating various diseases. These pluripotent cells, derived from early human embryos, are central to modern biomedical research. However, their application is mired in ethical and regulatory complexities related to the use of human embryos.

Method:
This review utilized key databases such as ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, PubMed, and Google Scholar to gather recent clinical trials and studies involving hESCs. The focus was on their clinical application in regenerative medicine, emphasizing clinical trials and research directly involving hESCs.

Results:
Preclinical studies and clinical trials in various areas like ophthalmology, neurology, endocrinology, and reproductive medicine have demonstrated the versatility of hESCs in regenerative medicine. These studies underscore the potential of hESCs in treating a wide array of conditions. However, the field faces ethical and regulatory challenges, with significant variations in policies and perspectives across different countries.

Conclusion:
The potential of hESCs in regenerative medicine is immense, offering new avenues for treating previously incurable diseases. However, navigating the ethical, legal, and regulatory landscapes is crucial for the continued advancement and responsible application of hESC research in the medical field. Considering both scientific potential and ethical implications, a balanced approach is essential for successfully integrating hESCs into clinical practice.
Study on precise weld diameter validations by comparing destructive testing methods in resistance spot welding
Authors: Mathiszik Christian , Koal Johannes , Zschetzsche Jörg , Füssel Uwe , Schmale Hans Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe torsion test is rarely used for resistance spot-welded joints since they are not subjected to torsion in applications. Normal, shear, and/or peel loads are usually the main stresses. Extensive scientific investigations in the context of Kunsmann’s dissertation date back more than 50 years. These investigations are still the basis of ISO 17653 and the German guideline DVS 2916-1. Recent scientific investigations only use torsion tests, but do not describe the reason for its use. A decisive advantage of the torsion test over the other standardized destructive testing methods lies in the types of fracture modes that occur and the properties of the fracture surfaces. Torsional loading results in either interfacial or button-pulled fracture modes. No material residues occur on the fracture surfaces for ductile and advanced high-strength steels. Hence, the measurement of weld diameter is achievable with minimal constraints, resulting in reduced variability and facilitating objective assessments of spot welds. This article delineates these attributes through a comparative analysis of various destructive testing methods employing statistical approaches. Additionally, the article expounds on the design concept of the developed rig for conducting torsion tests on spot welds.
Atomistic Simulation of the Effect of H-Phase Precipitate on the Transformation Temperatures and Stress-Induced Phase Transformation in Ni-Rich NiTiHf
Authors: Ataollahi Saeed , Mahtabi Mohammad J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrecipitation hardening is considered the most feasible method for strengthening NiTiHf alloys. In order to design the optimum aging treatment to form precipitates, it is crucial to understand the effect of precipitates on the thermomechanical behavior of these alloys. In this research, the effect of H-phase precipitates was studied on the martensitic and superelastic behavior of Ni-rich NiTiHf. Using atomistic simulations, two scenarios for formation of precipitates, resembling the short and long aging time of the alloy, were considered. In the first case a single and large precipitate was embedded into the center of NiTiHf matrix, and in the second case eight fine precipitates were inserted into the model. Upon the calculation of the transformation temperatures, the models with precipitates showed higher austenite start and finish temperatures. Moreover, by simulating the stress-induced phase transformation, it was found that the presence of fine precipitates inhibits the formation of different martensite variants leading to smaller transformation strains.
Application of hybrid oxidative processes based on cavitation for the treatment of methyl blue solutions
Authors: Ayedi Karima , Innocenzi Valentina , Prisciandaro Marina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past few decades, the scientific community has developed an increasing interest in high-performance water treatment systems based on cavitational processes. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is one of the promising technologies for wastewater treatment, especially for dyeing solutions, since it shows high efficiency in treating dyes, even at low concentrations. Both strategies have been shown to be efficient ways to get rid of pathogenic bacteria by disinfecting waters and achieving the mineralization of numerous organic pollutants. This makes cavitation-based techniques an attractive choice for use in water treatment facilities' post-treatment stages. Modern techniques have been presented that combine advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with cavitation for increased oxidation capacity. When used together, cavitation and AOPs (such as O3, H2O2, and Fenton's process) can cause materials to decay much more quickly. This work aims to investigate the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) with HC and evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid process (O3 + HC). The experimental tests were conducted to determine the optimal operating conditions (pressure, pH, O3 dosage). Furthermore, the feasibility of MB mineralization at a high concentration range (10–100 mg/l) was performed. Cost estimation and energetic analysis were discussed. As a result, the optimal conditions were: P = 4.5 bar, pH 2, O3 = 7.5 mg/L. For the initial concentration of 10 mg/L, the MB decolorization yield of HC, O3, and HC + O3 were 10%, 99%, and 100%, respectively, after 30 min of treatment. The addition of O3 promoted the degradation efficiency above 95%, decreasing the treatment time. Increasing the O3 feed rate can reduce the treatment time. A flow rate of 8 L/min of ozone was adopted in the optimal flow value. The hybrid process has an important effect in improving the performance of wastewater treatment by reducing treatment time, causing saving in energy consumption and process cost.
An innovative method for accurate NBA player performance forecasting and line-up optimization in daily fantasy sports
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Sarlis Vangelis , Tjortjis Christos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach for predicting NBA players' performance in Fantasy Points (FP) by developing individualized models for 203 players, using advanced basketball metrics from season 2011–2012 up to season 2020–2021 from reliable sources. A two-step evaluation and validation process secured validity, while applying linear optimization methodology, considering constraints such as salary and player position to recommend an eight-player line-up for Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS). Four scenarios with 14 machine learning models and meta-models with a blending approach with an ensembling methodology were evaluated. Using individual per-player modeling, standard and advanced features, and different timespans resulted in accurate, well-established, and well-generalized predictions. Standard features improved MAPE results by 1.7–1.9% in the evaluation and 0.2–2.1% in the validation set. Additionally, two model selection cases were developed, with average scoring MAPEs of 28.90% and 29.50% and MAEs of 7.33 and 7.74 for validation sets. The most effective models included Voting Meta-Model, Random Forest, Bayesian Ridge, AdaBoost, and Elastic Net. The research demonstrated practical application using predictions in a real-life DFS case evaluated in a DFS tournament on a specific match day. Among 11,764 real users, our Daily Line-up Optimizer ranked in the top 18.4%, and profitable line-ups reached the top 23.5%. This unique approach proves the proposed methodology's effectiveness and emphasizes its profitability, as the optimizer process delivers positive results.
Maximizing Supply Chain Resilience: Viability of a Distributed Manufacturing Network Platform Using the Open Knowledge Resilience Framework
Authors: Villar Alice , Abowitz Sarah , Read Robert , Butler James 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the Open Knowledge Resilience Framework (OKRF), a set of seven cooperative data standards, and demonstrates its alignment with the Supply Chain Interoperability Specification (SCIS) Platform. Building upon the Internet of Production Alliance (IoPA) work, this article explores how integrating OKRF and SCIS can enhance production flexibility and efficiency through substitutability and resource repurposing strategies. The OKRF-SCIS integration exhibits the potential to enhance Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) by empowering organizations to adapt to fluctuating demand and availability through adaptability strategies such as supplier/product substitution and resource repurposing. While this study primarily focuses on the conceptual design of OKRF and SCIS, further empirical research is needed to validate its effectiveness. Additionally, investigating the framework’s applicability across various industries and contexts would provide valuable insights. The integration of OKRF and SCIS can enable organizations to optimize supply chain operations, enhancing resilience and facilitating adaptation to changing demands through seamless substitutability and resource repurposing. This integration can also reduce transportation costs and increase responsiveness to local demand. Furthermore, it can enhance SCR and promote sustainable, resilient supply chain ecosystems by improving data transparency and resource utilization efficiency. This paper illustrates the potential of OKRF and SCIS in healthcare supply chains.
Numerical Optimal Transport from 1D to 2D Using a Non-local Monge-Ampère Equation
Authors: Cassini Matthew A. , Hamfeldt Brittany Froese 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the numerical solution of the optimal transport problem between densities that are supported on sets of unequal dimension. Recent work by McCann and Pass reformulates this problem into a non-local Monge-Ampère type equation. We provide a new level-set framework for interpreting this nonlinear PDE. We also propose a novel discretisation that combines carefully constructed monotone finite difference schemes with a variable-support discrete version of the Dirac delta function. The resulting method is consistent and monotone. These new techniques are described and implemented in the setting of 1D to 2D transport, but they can easily be generalised to higher dimensions. Several challenging computational tests validate the new numerical method.
Aeroelastic tailoring of stiffened cantilever plate using composites and structural layouts: A parametric study
Authors: Fraihat B.I. , Ajaj R.M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the aeroelasticity of a stiffened cantilever plate using composite material and novel structural layouts. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to determine the influence of different design parameters on the aeroelastic boundaries. Design parameters include plate sweep angle, ply orientation, stringer cross-section and stringer sweep angle. Nastran is used to run the aeroelastic analysis, and the process is automated using
${\rm{Matla}}{{\rm{b}}^{}}$
. The structure of the plate is modelled using laminate elements whereas the stringers are modelled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam elements. The unsteady aerodynamic loads are modelled using doublet-lattice method (DLM) and the structural and aerodynamic meshes are connected using an infinite plate surface (IPS) spline. A mesh sensitivity analysis is conducted to ensure fine meshes for the aerodynamics and structure. The study’s findings demonstrate the benefits of employing forward swept (Fw) stringers since it increases flutter speed by almost 38% compared to the unswept stringers case and prevents divergence. Moreover, the static aeroelastic analysis illustrates that the utilisation of Fw swept stringers can reduce the average tip displacement and tip twist effectively. T-shaped stringers are recommended to stiffen the plate due to their lower impact on the total mass of the plate. In some configurations, the structural layout has a much higher effect on the aeroelastic instabilities when compared to the material effect (ply orientation). However, results suggest combining both for some cases to get balanced washin and washout effects.
“Games–Time Human Rights Due Diligence”: A Case Study of FIFA’s Human Rights Volunteers Program at the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
Authors: Heerdt Daniela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 received an unprecedented amount of criticism from civil society and human rights organizations for the human rights risks and adverse human rights impacts related to organizing and staging the event. Interestingly, it was the first World Cup that was delivered with a team of human rights volunteers monitoring human rights issues at event venues on match days.1 Given the novelty of this project, this Article first informs about the FIFA human rights volunteers (HRV) program in general and second, it analyses to what extent it can be considered a concrete and practical example of an organization’s human rights due diligence (HRDD) and remedy efforts. As some of the broader business and human rights literature suggests, there seems to be a lack of practical examples of how corporations implement HRDD, making FIFA’s HRV program an exception worth studying.
Word-object and action-object learning in a unimodal context during early childhood
Authors: Eiteljoerge Sarah , Elsner Birgit , Mani Nivedita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWord-object and action-object learning in children aged 30 to 48 months appears to develop at a similar time scale and adheres to similar attentional constraints. However, children below 36 months show different patterns of learning word-object and action-object associations when this information is presented in a bimodal context (Eiteljoerge et al., 2019b). Here, we investigated 12- and 24-month-olds’ word-object and action-object learning when this information is presented in a unimodal context. Forty 12- and 24-month-olds were presented with two novel objects that were either first associated with a novel label (word learning task) and then later with a novel action (action learning task) or vice versa. In subsequent yoked test phases, children either heard one of the novel labels or saw a hand performing one of the actions presented with the two objects on screen while we measured their target looking. Generalized linear mixed models indicate that 12-month-olds learned action-object associations but not word-object associations and 24-month-olds learned neither word- nor action-object associations. These results extend previous findings (Eiteljoerge et al., 2019b) and, together, suggest that children appear to learn action-object associations early in development while struggling with learning word-object associations in certain contexts until 2 years of age.
HINORA, a method for detecting ring-like structures in 3D point distributions I: Application to the Local Volume Galaxy catalogue
Authors: Olex Edward , Knebe Alexander , Libeskind Noam I. , Makarov Dmitry I. , Gottlöber Stefan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a new method – called HINORA (HIgh-NOise RANdom SAmple Consensus) – for the identification of regular structures in 3D point distributions. Motivated by the possible existence of the so-called Council of Giants, that is, a ring of 12 massive galaxies surrounding the Local Group in the Local Sheet with a radius of 3.75 Mpc, we apply HINORA to the Local Volume Galaxy catalogue confirming its existence. When varying the lower limit of K-band luminosity of the galaxy entering the catalogue, we further report on the existence of another ring-like structure in the Local Volume that now contains the Milky Way and M31. However, this newly found structure is dominated by low-mass (satellite) galaxies. While we here simply present the novel method as well as its first application to observational data, follow-up work using numerical simulations of cosmic structure formation shall shed light into the origin of such regular patterns in the galaxy distribution. Further, the method is equally suited to identify similar (or even different) structures in various kinds of astrophysical data (e.g. locating the actual ‘baryonic-acoustic oscillation spheres’ in galaxy redshift surveys).
Submesoscale Processes Fueled by the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait
Authors: Chen Juntian , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Nakamura Hirohiko , Zhao Ruixiang , Wang Min , Zheng Hua , Nishina Ayako 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubmesoscale processes are essential in balancing global oceanic energy cascades and stimulating air–sea communications. However, measurements of submesoscale turbulence are still not acquired easily. Based on long‐term (2003–2012) shipboard current observations, we obtained direct evidence of considerable submesoscale energization in the Kuroshio, implied by conspicuous spectral characteristics across multiple scales. The submesoscale motions (peak at ∼26 km) exhibited topographically dependent features and typical contrarotating vortex‐pair forms for island wakes, indicating footprints of upstream islands and seamounts. The vortex regimes and stability were analyzed using dimensionless parameters. Furthermore, the submesoscale motions radiated energy in the form of near‐inertial waves, which exhibited consistent shear structures, and spread widely across the entire strait. These results highlight the role of topography in modulating dynamics by continuously promoting energy cascades into submesoscales, which is expected to be universal for rough topography in the ocean.
Linkages Between Mineral Element Composition of Soils and Sediments With Hyporheic Zone Dissolved Organic Matter Chemistry Across the Contiguous United States
Authors: Roebuck J. Alan , Rod Kenton A. , Garayburu‐Caruso Vanessa A. , Chu Rosalie K. , Goldman Amy E. , Renteria Lupita , Taylor Micah , Stegen James C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe hyporheic zone is a hotspot for biogeochemical cycling where interactions with mineral metals preserve the release and biodegradation of organic matter (OM). A small fraction of OM can still be exchanged between localized sediments and the overlying water column, and recent evidence suggests there exists a longitudinal structuring in sediment dissolved OM (DOM) chemistry across the continental United States (CONUS). In this study, we tested a hypothesis that water extractable sediment DOM chemistry could be explained by sediment metal contents and integrative watershed scale features at the CONUS scale. Crowdsourced samples were characterized for high resolution mass spectrometry and coupled with sediment metals determined via x‐ray fluorescence as well as with land cover and soil elemental information obtained from national databases. Our results highlight weak relationships between DOM chemistry and elemental composition at the CONUS scale indicating limited transferability of organo‐metal linkages into multi‐scale hydrobiogeochemical models.
Investigating Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles of Vegetation Optical Depth Retrieved From GNSS Signals in a Broadleaf Forest
Authors: Yao Yitong , Humphrey Vincent , Konings Alexandra G. , Wang Yujie , Yin Yi , Holtzman Nataniel , Wood Jeffrey D. , Bar‐On Yinon , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVegetation Optical Depth (VOD) has emerged as a valuable metric to quantify water stress on vegetation's carbon uptake from a remote sensing perspective. However, existing spaceborne microwave remote sensing platforms face limitations in capturing the diurnal VOD variations and global products lack site‐level validation against plant physiology. To address these challenges, we leveraged the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L‐band microwave signal, measuring its attenuation by the canopy of a temperate broadleaf forest using a pair of GNSS receivers. This approach allowed us to collect continuous VOD observations at a sub‐hourly scale. We found a significant seasonal‐scale correlation between VOD and leaf water potential. The VOD diurnal amplitude is affected by soil moisture, plant transpiration and leaf surface water. Additionally, VOD can help independently estimate plant transpiration. Our findings pave the way for a deeper understanding of response of the vegetation to water stress at finer temporal scales.
Increases in Water Balance‐Derived Catchment Evapotranspiration in Germany During 1970s–2000s Turning Into Decreases Over the Last Two Decades, Despite Uncertainties
Authors: Bruno G. , Duethmann D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding variations in catchment evapotranspiration (EC) is critical as it directly affects water availability for humans and ecosystems. Previous studies found increases in EC in Central Europe over recent decades, but fixed study periods may not fully reveal inter‐decadal hydroclimatological variability. We performed a multi‐temporal trend analysis of water balance‐derived EC for 461 German catchments and the period 1964–2019. We accounted for previously often neglected changes in storage and uncertainties in precipitation. EC generally increased throughout Germany during 1970s–2000s (>2 mm year−2), while it showed milder changes and decreases afterward. These variations were robust to uncertainties in precipitation (median relative uncertainty of 26%) and broadly coherent with sparse plot‐scale data. Variations in EC were related with variations in precipitation and radiation, with a potentially increasing influence of precipitation after 2000s. These findings provide a reference for synthesizing current knowledge on variations in EC and their uncertainties.