bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of microstructure with thermal and tensile creep properties of novel Sn-5Sb-0.5Cu alloy reinforced with Co particles for soldering applications
Authors: Mousa M M , Sobhy M , Mahmoud M A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present research examined how cobalt microalloying additions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 weight percent affected the microstructural properties, thermal features, and tensile creep characteristics of eutectic Sn-5 wt% Sb- 0.5 wt% Cu (SSC) lead-free solder alloy. According to the results, cobalt additions of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt% did not affect SbSn phase but significantly refined β-Sn grains, facilitating the formation of fine fibers (Cu,Co)6Sn5 together with plate-like CoSn3 phases, and preventing the formation of Cu6Sn5 phases. Furthermore, a large amount of cobalt (1 wt%) addition accumulated in the coarsening of the CoSn3 phase. Additions of 0.25 wt% Co, 0.75 wt% Co, and 1 wt% Co did not affect the melting temperatures, but pasty ranges had been slightly lowered, which may enhance the thermal characteristics. Addition of 0.5 wt% Co had unfavorable effects on both melting point and pasty range. This has significant effects on solder reliability and electronic service performance. In terms of creep behavior, the SSC-0.75 wt% Co specimens displayed the highest creep resistance because of the fine dispersion of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and extended the creep-rupture life to a level that is 3.0 times greater than the SSC baseline. Lower creep resistance was observed in SSC-0.25 wt% Co specimens, which was mostly due to the smaller volume fraction of the precipitate phases and the absence of the CoSn3 phase. Depending on the determined stress exponents and activation energies, it is suggested that the dominant deformation mechanism in SSC-xCo solders is the dislocation climb controlled by short-circuit pipe diffusion across the whole temperature range that was examined.
A novel feature selection method based on quantum support vector machine
Authors: Wang Haiyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Feature selection is critical in machine learning to reduce dimensionality and improve model accuracy and efficiency. The exponential growth in feature space dimensionality for modern datasets directly results in ambiguous samples and redundant features, which can severely degrade classification accuracy. Quantum machine learning offers potential advantages for addressing this challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel method, quantum support vector machine feature selection (QSVMF), integrating quantum support vector machines with multi-objective genetic algorithm. QSVMF optimizes multiple simultaneous objectives: maximizing classification accuracy, minimizing selected features and quantum circuit costs, and reducing feature covariance. We apply QSVMF for feature selection on a breast cancer dataset, comparing the performance of QSVMF against classical approaches with the selected features. Experimental results show that QSVMF achieves superior performance. Furthermore, the Pareto front solutions of QSVMF enable analysis of accuracy versus feature set size trade-offs, identifying extremely sparse yet accurate feature subsets. We contextualize the biological relevance of the selected features in terms of known breast cancer biomarkers. This work highlights the potential of quantum-based feature selection to enhance machine learning efficiency and performance on complex real-world data.
Understanding earthquake precursors: from subcritical instabilities to catastrophic events
Authors: Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The collapse of man-made and natural structures is a complex phenomenon that has been studied for centuries. Existing models often focus on a ‘critical point’ where failure becomes imminent. This work presents a radically different perspective: large earthquakes may not arise from critical states, but instead develop dynamically from the subcritical regime as rare, extreme events. Our approach hinges on an extension of Onsager’s reciprocal theorem, allowing us to delve into this subcritical realm. We demonstrate that within such a regime, excitable systems, like those underlying earthquakes, are dynamically renormalised towards a nonlocal equilibrium. For these systems, the maximum entropy production of at least two interacting phases is used to replace the local equilibrium assumption for the subcritical state. Typically, dissipative processes at larger scales arrest these self-amplifying feedbacks. However, in rare instances, they can morph into intricate tensor networks of instabilities that ripple from microscopic scales to the entire system, culminating in an extreme event like a catastrophic earthquake. This novel framework offers a potentially deeper understanding of earthquake precursors and paves the way for exploring earthquake prediction based on the statistics of subcritical dynamics.
Irreversibility estimation in triply stratified bio-marangoni convection in powell-eyring nanofluid under the influence of external flow
Authors: Das Debabrata , Shaw Sachin , Raj Kairi Rishi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Due to the growing importance of bioconvection phenomena in diverse industrial processes such as oil refining, biotechnology, and food processing, it is essential to examine several effects like a chemical reaction, stratification, Marangoni convection, etc in nanofluid suspensions in the context of transport of microorganisms. The outcome of such studies may provide significant insight into controlling and as well as manipulating the transport of energy, solute, and microorganisms for achieving the requisite target. The aim of our study is to investigate the thermo-solutal Marangoni convection of gyrotactic microorganisms suspended in Powell-Eyring nanofluid in a stratified medium. This analysis also takes into account the effects of external flow and transverse magnetic field. The impact of Arrhenius activation energy, thermal radiation, and binary chemical reactions on bioconvection flow is considered under stratified Marangoni convection. Under appropriate assumptions without violating the physics, the present problem is expressed in terms of nonlinear PDEs. Some capable similarity transformations are employed to convert the PDEs into ODEs and solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The graphical illustrations depict the effects of relevant flow parameters on temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, and density distributions of motile microorganisms. The study focuses on understanding the variations in significant engineering quantities resulting from changes in crucial effects and analyzing irreversibilities. It is noticed that Marangoni accelerates the mass transfer process while on the other hand delaying the heat transfer and microorganisms density gradient. The dominance of Powell-Eyring nanofluid on the heat and mass transport amplified in accompanying Marangoni convection. The results indicate that the Eyring-Powell fluid significantly reduces entropy generation and the Bejan number. Conversely, an increase in entropy generation is observed for the Marangoni ratio parameter. Hence, this work provides insight into interlinked flow in bioconvective systems, with potential diverse applications in microbiological processes.
Unraveling the origin of the Griffiths phase in Ho2NiMnO6: perspectives from linear and nonlinear AC susceptibility
Authors: Chakraborty Tirthankar , Sharma Nikita , Elizabeth Suja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the magnetic ordering and underlying mechanism of the Griffiths phase, observed in Ho2NiMnO6 through AC susceptibility measurements. Our results indicate that the transition around 86 K corresponds to a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition characterized by classical magnetic ordering. Notably, nonlinear AC susceptibility measurements revealed the existence of ferromagnetic clusters within a paramagnetic background well above the transition temperature, establishing this as the origin of the Griffiths-like phase within the Ni/Mn sublattice of Ho2NiMnO6. Our study on the Ho2NiMnO6 system provides insight into the intricate magnetic phenomena common to various other strongly correlated electron systems.
Ti3C2TxMXene modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for electrochemical sensing of bilirubin based on a molecularly imprinted pyrrole polymer
Authors: Manoj  , Ghrera Aditya Sharma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study for the first time we are developing Ti3C2TxMXene-based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of bilirubin (BR). Firstly, Ti3C2TxMXene is synthesized by chemical etching and deposited at the ITO electrode surface by drop casting. After that, pyrrole as a monomer is electropolymerized in the presence of a sodium acetate buffer solution containing the BR template to prepare a BR-imprinted electrode. The modification of ITO electrode with Ti3C2TxMXene has not only imparted binding properties to the substrate that are very important for MIP formation but has also rendered excellent electrochemical characteristics to the electrode as monitored by CV, DPV, and EIS techniques. The sensing studies have been performed with synthetic samples that reveal the potential of prepared molecular imprinted electrochemical sensors toward BR detection. The linearity range, limit of detection, and limit of quantification are calculated as 10 μM to 90 μM, 0.197 μM and 0.598 μM, respectively. Selectivity, stability, and reproducibility are also reported for the prepared MIP sensor.
Thermodynamics of harmonic oscillator with minimal length
Authors: Koffa D J , Ibrahim T T , Omonile J F , Oladimeji E O , Gwani M M , Edogbanya H O 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The generalized uncertainty principle has been applied to the Schrödinger wave equation for a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator to generate a sixth-order generalized Schrödinger equation in the position representation. The energy eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the sixth-order equation have been obtained. The results show the approximate correction terms of the energies due to the modified uncertainty principle. The quantum partition functions derived from the energy eigenvalue have also been used to study the thermodynamic properties of the system. The results suggest a lower bound for the minimal length equivalent to the thermal wavelength of the oscillator at very high temperature.
Electrode sharpness and insertion speed reduce tissue damage near high-density penetrating arrays
Authors: McNamara Ingrid N , Wellman Steven M , Li Lehong , Eles James R , Savya Sajishnu , Sohal Harbaljit S , Angle Matthew R , Kozai Takashi D Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Over the past decade, neural electrodes have played a crucial role in bridging biological tissues with electronic and robotic devices. This study focuses on evaluating the optimal tip profile and insertion speed for effectively implanting Paradromics’ high-density fine microwire arrays (FμA) prototypes into the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice and rats, addressing the challenges associated with the ‘bed-of-nails’ effect and tissue dimpling. Approach. Tissue response was assessed by investigating the impact of electrodes on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cellular damage, with a specific emphasis on tailored insertion strategies to minimize tissue disruption during electrode implantation. Main results. Electro-sharpened arrays demonstrated a marked reduction in cellular damage within 50 μm of the electrode tip compared to blunt and angled arrays. Histological analysis revealed that slow insertion speeds led to greater BBB compromise than fast and pneumatic methods. Successful single-unit recordings validated the efficacy of the optimized electro-sharpened arrays in capturing neural activity. Significance. These findings underscore the critical role of tailored insertion strategies in minimizing tissue damage during electrode implantation, highlighting the suitability of electro-sharpened arrays for long-term implant applications. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities associated with high-channel-count microelectrode array implantation, emphasizing the importance of meticulous assessment and optimization of key parameters for effective integration and minimal tissue disruption. By elucidating the interplay between insertion parameters and tissue response, our study lays a strong foundation for the development of advanced implantable devices with a reduction in reactive gliosis and improved performance in neural recording applications.
Globe valve in single phase flow: experimental and CFD analysis
Authors: Salanon Rémi , Ancian Loïc , Fazail Najib , Souprayen Claude 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flow-induced vibration (FIV) poses risks to engineering systems, prompting efforts for safety. Valves, crucial for fluid control, can induce turbulence-related mechanical loads, leading to vibration and potential failures. This paper combines experimental and numerical methods, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for flow analysis. A test loop with nine pressure sensors assesses water flow through a globe valve, testing various conditions. Dimensionless power spectral density (PSD) of pressure fluctuations is compared with CFD results. Steady simulations precede computational fluid dynamics – large eddy simulation (CFD-LES) for quantitative data. Industrial-scale valve analysis explores scalability using different protocols, contributing to design strategy improvements.
Acoustic Performance of Porous Mortar and Potential Use for Traffic Noise Mitigation: A Review
Authors: Kassim A S F A , Darus N , Haron Z , Galip N S , Redzuan I H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Porous mortar (PM) is a porous building material used to reduce noise levels in economic emerging cities to achieve acoustic comfort. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of PM’s sound absorption performance as reported in selected published works. The selection criteria are limited to experiments conducted on specimens with a thickness ranging from 20 to 75 mm, a range suitable for application as a sound-absorbing layer on noise barriers or building walls. This paper explains the underlying principles of sound absorption in PM and outlining methods for assessing sound absorption. This review paper includes the performance of conventional or typical PM with modified PM, considering elements such as mix design and significant factors that influence sound absorption, notably material density, and pore size. Subsequently, this paper reveals on the evaluation of PM’s suitability as a sound-absorbing material, encompassing an assessment of its mechanical properties. In conclusion, the paper identifies the potential of PM as an efficient sound absorber, particularly in the context of mitigating traffic-generated noise.
Acoustic Comfort in Indoor Sporting Arena for E-Sports Venue: An Analysis of The Determining Criteria and A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Che Din Nazli , Abu Bakar A Z 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is vital that people concentrate and focus on the types of sports and amenities in the context of sports facilities to provide acoustic comfort for players and fans. Thus, influences the positive or negative psychological and emotional impact experience during the sports matches. Esports events are mostly organized in enclosed spaces facilities such as indoor arenas or stadiums, which are spaces where speech intelligibility and noise level determine, to a large extent, the listening comfort or even the safety of the occupants. More noise may distract players throughout the match and during the match, interfering with their performance and communication with coaches if there is no proper sound blocking or insulation. This research will look at critical literature studies of the defining elements and criteria for this occurrence to develop a conceptual framework for how players, coaches, and spectators experienced acoustic comfort in various types of Esports venue. The primary goal of this research is to clarify the differences in Esports venue design and the determining factors that influence human acoustic comfort. As a result, the goal of this study is to create a framework based on the elements that determine acoustic comfort classification in Esports venues. Designers and architects able to utilize this framework as a guide to assist them prepare estimates of acoustic conditions and corrective activities in Esports venue which tailored suited to players, as well as the effects on staffs and spectators, thus create a highly immersive experience.
Sound Absorption Properties of Porous Concrete Layers for Noise Barrier
Authors: Galip N S , Haron Z , Mohamed R N , Darus N , Zamri N F , Yahya M N , Yahya K , Din N C , Kassim A S F A , Redzuan I H , Jahya Z 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The porous concrete layer is an open pore material placed on the noise incident face of a sound barrier structure on the road. Pore characteristics such as diameter, area and distribution are the main characteristics of porous concrete different from conventional concrete and play a dominant role in sound absorption properties. Factors affecting the pore structure of typical porous concrete have been discussed. The effects of macroscopic properties on sound absorption properties such as maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC max), noise reduction and noise average were reviewed. The porous concrete containing other types of aggregate such as recycle, waste material, and lightweight in porous concrete innovation were discussed. Consequently, the effect of thickness, two layers and multiple layers of porous concrete to improve sound absorption at low frequencies. Finally, the guidances were proposed for the mixture composition for producing porous layer for good sound absorbing properties.
3D Printed Nature Pattern Metastructure for The Sound Absorption Coefficient
Authors: Wahid Zaliha , Faizal Mat Tahir Mohd , Hadi Hendri Dwisatrya Lutfil , Kamaliana Khamis Nor , Arif Fadli Ahmad Muhamad , Zaki Nuawi Mohd 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the influence of the shape of 3D printed metastructures on sound absorption performance, focusing on three distinct configurations inspired by nature: honeycomb, spiderweb, and gyroid. The objectives involve designing and producing sound-absorbing structures using the 3D printing Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) method. Simultaneously, the study analyzes and compares their sound absorption performance by considering the sound absorption coefficient and the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) for each pore shape. Using computer-aided software, the three different pore shapes were designed and produced using Polylactic Acid (PLA) material through FDM 3D printing. Each design was replicated at three different thicknesses: 10mm, 20mm, and 30mm, all with a diameter of 94mm. The sound absorption coefficient of the samples was evaluated through impedance tube experiments, collecting data for alpha (α) from 250 Hz to 2000 Hz. Subsequently, NRC values were calculated for four different frequencies: 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, and 2000Hz, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. Results indicate that the gyroid structure exhibited the highest overall sound absorption coefficient across the tested frequency range, followed by the spider-web and honeycomb structures. Additionally, the 30mm thickness demonstrated greater sound-absorbing performance than the 20mm and 10mm thicknesses. These outcomes provide valuable insights into the sound absorption capabilities of 3D printed metastructures, highlighting the superior performance of the gyroid structure. Understanding the impact of pore shape and thickness on sound absorption performance contributes to the development of acoustically optimized materials for various applications
A Conceptual Framework for Immersive Acoustic Auralisation: Investigating the Key Attributes
Authors: Khairul Anuar F N , Sulaiman R , Che Din N , Abdul Razak A S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In architectural acoustics, the assessment of sound propagation in interior and/or environmental conditions has now become progressively more prominent throughout the past few decades, as a response to the development of advanced prediction tools. Within the adaptation of virtual reality (VR) systems, it is necessary to considerably expedite the prediction and simulation software as well as to enable flexible and responsive data analysis during simulation and 3D audio sensory projection. To generate ideal immersion in a simulated virtual environment, the generated stimulus across all senses should therefore be coherent. Accordingly, in the domain of acoustic in virtual reality, the system sound simulation must be constructed efficiently in order to convey the auditory stimuli to the user in an appropriate manner. This necessitates the implementation of virtual reality system as an advanced prediction tool that can accurately anticipate and replicate realistic audio experiences. Therefore, this study explores the realm of acoustic virtual reality (AVR) through a critical review with the purpose of elucidating design attributes and determining factors in generating immersive acoustic VR experiences. In light of these findings, the aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework that will serve as a beneficial guide and road map for future researchers and developers in the field.
Integration of Skyhook Control in a Quarter Car with Magnetorheological (MR) Damper
Authors: As’arry A , Idrus M. F. , Zhang K. L. , Rezali K. A. M. , Hassan M. N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Semi-active suspension (SAS) systems attenuate vibrations with minimal power Consumption and is usually paired with magnetorheological (MR) dampers which are a type of variable damper that produces high damping forces with no mechanical movement. This paper presents the analysis of a Skyhook controller in a quarter car test rig equipped with MR damper to reduce vibration peaks when excited by a sinusoidal signal which simulates the unevenness of road surfaces. The viability of Skyhook control in mitigating vibration was examined from the experiments. The study discovered that there was an improvement of 12.72% by Skyhook control when compared to passive damping based on the sprung mass acceleration of both damping modes. The Skyhook controller surpassed passive damping and was deemed a success in vibration control.
Chatter Identification of Vibration Signals and Surface Roughness using Wavelet Transform and I-kazTM Methods
Authors: Samin R , Nuawi M Z , Ariffin MF , Rahim SA , Haris S M , Ghani J A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper describes the method to identify chatter in low-cutting-speed operations. It is based on vibration and surface roughness measurements. Tool chatter is the self-excited relative motion between the cutting tool and work piece. Tool chatter leads to poor surface quality and tool wear. The LMS Scadas testing system and accelerometer were used to measure the vibration signals during the turning operation, and Marsuft Psi was used to measure the surface roughness. When various cutting parameter combinations, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, were employed throughout the machining process, chatter and vibrating phenomena occurred. After the recorded signals were analyzed using the wavelet transform (WT), a chatter index (CI) was produced to determine how severe the chatter was. According to the results analysis, the experimental study demonstrated the close relationship between the surface roughness values and the chatter index when evaluating chatter identification.