bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTI‐TSH ANTIBODY WITH HIGH SPECIFICITY TO HUMAN TSH IN SERA FROM A PATIENT WITH GRAVES' DISEASE: ITS ISOLATION FROM, AND INTERACTION WITH, TSH RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES
Authors: AKAMIZU T. , MORI T. , KASAGI K. , KOSUGI S , MIYAMOTO M. , NISHINO K. , SUGAWA H. , YOKOTA T. , NAKAMURA H. , KONISHI J. , IMURA H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA patient with thyrotoxic Graves' disease had an apparent measurable level of serum TSH (2–5 μU/ml) by double‐antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). The serum IgG bound with both [125I]human(h)TSH and [125I]bovine(b)TSH. The [125I]hTSH binding was more effectively displaced by human than bovine TSH, whereas [125I]bTSH binding was displaced exclusively by bTSH. Scatchard analyses revealed that [125I]hTSH binding showed two components, whereas [125I]bTSH binding had only one component. Serum TSH determined by RIA became undetectable 21 months after antithyroid drug treatment with a parallel decrease of [125I]hTSH binding IgG activity. Four thyrotrophin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) from other patients did not interfere with the binding of the patient's serum to [125I]h‐ or bTSH. Furthermore, the in‐vitro thyroid stimulating activities of three thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) were not affected by the addition of this patient's IgG. On the other hand, this patient's Ig (3 mg/ml) abolished the in‐vitro thyroid stimulation by bTSH (100 /μU/ml), but did not affect that by hTSH (100 /μU/ml). The anti‐hTSH antibody, TSH receptor antibody and anti‐bTSH antibody in the serum, which contains TSAb as well as anti‐TSH antibodies, could be partially purified by hTSH‐agarose and subsequently by guinea pig fat cell membrane affinity absorptions. However, the anti‐hTSH antibody fraction obtained had both hTSH binding activity and thyroid stimulating activity, and this fraction did not show any inhibitory effect on the in‐vitro thyroid stimulation of autologous TSH receptor antibody or hTSH. The possible significance of anti‐TSH antibodies is discussed.
CV 205‐502: A NEW LONG‐ACTING DRUG FOR INHIBITION OF PROLACTIN HYPERSECRETION
Authors: RASMUSSEN C. , BERGH T. , WIDE L. , BROWNELL J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCV 205–502, an octahydrobenzo(g)quinoline, is a new non‐ergot long‐acting prolactin inhibitor. The substance was given to 24 hyperprolactinaemic women for 7 d. The women were randomized to one of three dose regimens, 0.01 mg, 0.03 mg or 0.06 mg daily. Two patients in each group were given placebo. Frequent blood samples were obtained during days 1, 7 and 8. The prolactin levels in serum were depressed dose‐dependently in all patients given active substance. In group 1 (0.01 mg) the dose was insufficient to induce normal serum prolactin levels except in one woman, while two women in group 2 (0.03 mg) and four in group 3 (0.06 mg) became normoprolactinaemic. The depressant effect on prolactin secretion lasted for 24 h in group 2 and 3. Side‐effects were mild and transient. No change in blood pressure was observed. CV 205–502 was an effective and long‐acting drug for treatment of patients with hyperprolactinaemia in this short‐term study and this new drug deserves investigation of its usefulness in long‐term treatment.
CELLULAR AND HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROID GRAVES' DISEASE BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER ANTITHYROID DRUG TREATMENT
Authors: van OUWERKERK B. M. , KRENNING E. P. , DOCTER R. , BOS G. , van OUDENAREN A. , BENNER R. , HENNEMANN G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMany reports of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) in relation to treatment of Graves' disease have been published and with variable results concerning prediction of permanent remission or relapse after therapy. A range of methods has been used and little has been published measuring TSI by using their ability to stimulate cyclic AMP production in human thyroid cells in monolayer culture. We therefore conducted a prospective study of the predictive value of such an assay in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease before, during and after treatment of one year with methimazole and thyroid hormone substitution. Furthermore, the possible relationship between activated suppressor T lymphocytes and TSI in patients followed before, during and after medical therapy has been studied. Patients were divided into two groups; group I, 15 patients, who stayed in remission and group II, 14, who relapsed during the first year after discontinuation of therapy. Mean TSI activity did not differ between the two groups before and during the first half year of medication. In the second half year of treatment, however, mean TSI activity was significantly lower in group I. TSI activity at the end of treatment appeared to have no value in predicting final outcome. Increased TSI activity in group II during treatment was reflected in an increased pertechnetate thyroidal uptake as compared to that in group I. There was no relationship between changes in TSI activity and T cell subsets (Leu 1, 2a, 3a). We found no difference in T lymphocytes between the two groups at any time during observation. Subsets of T lymphocytes in both patient groups did not differ from normal. If changes in T cell subpopulations are present in Graves' disease, they are at least not measurable in peripheral blood.
EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR LEYDIG CELL TUMOURS IN ADULT MEN REVEALED BY GYNAECOMASTIA
Authors: KUHN J. M. , MAHOUDEAU J. A. , BILLAUD L. , JOLY J. , RIEU M. , GANCEL A. , ARCHAMBEAUD‐MOUVEROUX F. , STEG A. , LUTON J. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGynaecomastia caused by Leydig cell tumours (LCT) in adult men may appear a long time before clinical evidence of testicular swelling. To evaluate the diagnostic criteria for LCT, hormonal status was studied in 14 cases and compared with results of a control group (CG) and 10 men with idiopathic gynaecomastia (IG). The mean plasma T level was significantly (P< 0.005) lower in LCT (16.7 ± 1.7 SEM nmol/l) than in CG (23.0 ± 1.3 nmol/l). However, individual plasma T levels were in the normal range in 9/14 LCT. The mean plasma E2 level was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in LCT (204.9 ± 27‐6 pmol/1) than in CG (87.9 ± 7.7 pmol/l). However, individual plasma E2 levels were in the normal range in 5/14 LCT. In LCT, neither means of basal gonadotrophin levels nor the gonadotrophin responses to LHRH were different from CG. The mean of the plasma T responses to hCG did not differ between LTC, CG and IG. However the mean of E2 peak responses appeared significantly (P< 0.005) higher in LCT (735.3 ± 103.4 pmol/l) than in CG (420.5 ± 40.4 pmol/l). The mean of the E2 peak responses was significantly (P< 0.001) lower in IG (196.5 ± 33.4 pmol/l) than in CG. Likewise the mean of plasma E2 levels, measured on day three following hCG administration, remained significantly (P < 0.001) higher in LCT (662 ± 94 pmol/l) than either in CG (228 ± 14 pmol/l) or in IG (158 ± 25 pmol/l). On day 3 following hCG administration, there was no overlap in individual plasma E2 levels between either LCT and CG or LCT and IG. In all LCT, plasma β‐hCG levels were in the normal range. A testicular echogram, performed in 12 LCT, confirmed the presence of a palpable tumour in 10 and revealed an occult tumour in two cases. We conclude that normal plasma β‐hCG levels, a prolonged plasma E2 response to hCG and testicular echogram appear to be the best criteria for early diagnosis of LCT responsible for gynaecomastia in adult men.
EFFECT OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF MELATONIN ON GH RESPONSES TO GRF 1–44 IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: VALCAVI R. , DIEGUEZ C. , AZZARITO C. , EDWARDS C. A. , DOTTI C. , PAGE M. D. , PORTIOLI I. , SCANLON M. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to investigate the role of melatonin on the neuroregulation of GH secretion, eight healthy male volunteers each underwent four separate tests in random order separated by at least 1 week. Following oral administration of melatonin (500 mg at – 60 min and at – 30 min) plasma GH levels were higher than after placebo at 45 min (mean + SEM 2.9 ± 0.8 vs 0.9 ± 0.4 ng/ml, P<0‐01) and 60 min (mean ± SEM 2.9 ± 0.4 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 ng/ml, P<005). Likewise, after prior administration of melatonin, GH responses to GRF 1‐44 (1 μg/kg i.v. at 0 min) were greater than placebo plus GRF at 15 min (mean ± SEM 22‐4 ± 6‐1 ng/ml vs 11.3 ± 2.3 ng/ml, P <005), 45 min (mean ± SEM 26.2 ± 5.3 ng/ml vs 13.3 ± 2.5 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and 60 min (mean ± SEM, 24.7 ± 7.4 ng/ml vs 11.1 ± 2.5 ng/ml, P <0.05). In contrast we did not observe any effect of either 10−9M, 10−7M or 10−5M melatonin on in‐vitro basal GH release and GH responses to 10−8M GRF by rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. These data suggest that melatonin plays a facilitatory role in the neuroregulation of GH secretion, probably by acting at the hypothalamic level.
LEUCOCYTE SODIUM TRANSPORT IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: NG L. L. , EVANS D. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe leucocyte sodium pump was studied in patients with active and treated acromegaly. The ouabain‐sensitive 22Na+ efflux rate constant was significantly raised in active acromegaly (median 2.71 [range 2.33‐3.20] vs 2.32 [1.55‐3.67] h−1, P< 0.008) and was lowered into the normal range with successful treatment. Plasma GH and insulin levels and skin fold thickness on the dorsum of the hand were positively correlated with this efflux rate constant (rs= 0.56, P<0.02; rs= 0.57, P<0.02; rs= 0.57 P<0.04, respectively). GH, in vitro, stimulated ouabain‐sensitive efflux in leucocytes at a concentration of 25 mU/1. We propose that this action of GH may explain the sodium retaining and calorigenic effects and possibly the stimulation of amino acid uptake by the hormone. The activity of the leucocyte sodium pump in acromegaly may be associated with other indices of disease activity.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND HORMONAL RESPONSES TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN ACROMEGALICS
Authors: LEVER E. G. , TROSSER A. , SMITH C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of TRH (200 μg) on blood pressure, pulse rate, TSH and GH release was investigated in 10 acromegalics, four patients with non‐GH secreting pituitary tumours, and seven normal controls. TRH produced a rapid‐onset, short‐lived pressor response in the acromegalic group (A mean blood pressure 33 mmHg) compared to the two control groups (P < 0.001). There was no response to the same volume of saline. The pressor response in the acromegalic group was not different in those who did or did not release GH. The pressor response to TRH was linearly related over the range 50–200 μg. Measurement of plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin activity during TRH testing in six acromegalics indicated that the pressor effect was neither mediated by adrenergic mechanisms, nor the renin‐angiotensin system. Echocardiographic monitoring in five of these six patients showed that there was a significant increase in directly measured end systolic, end diastolic dimensions and heart rate (all P < 002), and calculated stroke volume (P < 0001) and cardiac output (P<0.01) without changes in systemic vascular resistance. These data suggest that increase in preload, probably via venoconstriction, is the most likely factor producing the pressor response to TRH in acromegalics.
EVALUATION OF T4 AND T3 BINDING KINETICS IN THE THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN ABNORMALITY OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES
Authors: MOHR V. S. , BARLOW J. W. , TOPLISS D. J. , O'DEA K. , STOCKIGT J. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLow serum total T4 associated with subnormal concentrations of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) has been reported in up to 40% of euthyroid Australian aborigines. It has been suggested that these subjects show both diminished concentration of TBG and reduced TBG affinity for T4 (Same et al., 1985). We have compared 12 euthyroid aborigines with low T4 (total T4 44±5 nmol/1) and aborigines with normal T4 (T4 99±9 nmol/1, n= 12) using measurements of free T4 and T3 by equilibrium dialysis. TBG was measured both by RIA (Henning, Berlin, FRG) and a method dependent on T4 binding (Corning Immophase). Aborigines with low T4 showed lower levels of free T4 (12.6±0.6 cf. 18.7±1.0 pM), free T4 index (66±8 cf. 98±13), total T3 (1.1±0.2 cf. 1.6±0.3 nmol/1), TBG RIA (140±0.6 cf. 25.0±1.2 ng/1), and TBG Immophase (9.0±0.5 cf. 22.0±1.2 mg/1) (P±0.01), but free T3 (5.3±0.4 cf. 4.7±0.4 pM) and TSH (1.9±0.2 cf. 1.8±0.2 mU/1) were not significantly different from the values found in aborigines with normal T4. Scatchard analysis of T4 and T3 binding was performed using serum diluted 1:20 000 for T4 and 1:500 for T3 (barbitone buffer pH 8.6, 4°C, dextran‐coated charcoal separation). In euthyroid low T4 aborigines compared to those with normal T4, both T4 capacity (106±14 cf. 238±13 nM, P±0.01) and affinity (5–05±1010 cf. 8.47±1010 M−1, P±0.05) were significantly reduced. Similarly, both T3 capacity (62±10 cf. 154±16 nM, P±0.01) and affinity (1.67×109 cf. 2.28×109 M−1, p <0.02) were reduced. A substantial minority of euthyroid Australian aborigines have a TBG variant characterized by both reduced capacity and affinity of T4 and T3. These findings suggest that TBG may be both qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal in these subjects.
ANOMALOUS BINDING CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN DUE TO A DILUTION‐DEPENDENT SEPARATION ARTEFACT
Authors: STOCKIGT J. R. , LIM C‐F. , TOPLISS D. J. , ARNOTT R. D. , MOHR V. S. , BARLOW J. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYContrary to the accepted view, a recent study using Sephadex column separation suggested that thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binds T4 and T3 with similar affinity, but with a much larger capacity for T4 than T3. We have evaluated this finding by comparing this separation method with equilibrium dialysis, taking account of the effect of serum dilution with each method. Estimates of free T4 fraction by equilibrium dialysis (with magnesium chloride precipitation) were valid over a wide range of serum dilutions. In contrast, Sephadex column separation gave a major overestimate of free hormone (underestimate of binding) in less diluted serum, indicating that this method cannot be used to establish a value for T4 affinity independent of serum dilution. Such a systematic error will result in a greater underestimate of affinity for the ligand with higher affinity when two ligands are compared at a single serum dilution. By equilibrium dialysis at 37°C, the affinity of T4 for TBG was ∼13‐fold higher than that of T3, while the capacity of TBG for both T4 and T3 was close to the concentration of immunoreactive TBG. The previous report of similar T4 and T3 affinities appears to be due to a dilution‐dependent underestimate of T4 affinity inherent in Sephadex column separation. Direct comparison of binding kinetics of various ligands requires a separation method that is valid over a wide range of binding protein concentrations.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF OESTRADIOL IN PLASMA IN RELATION TO UTERINE CROSS‐SECTIONAL AREA IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OR MULTIFOLLICULAR OVARIES
Authors: POLSON D. W. , FRANKS S. , REED M. J. , CHENG R. W. , ADAMS J. , JAMES V. H. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe uterine cross‐sectional area (UXA) of women with polycystic (PCO) or multifollicular ovaries (MFO) is significantly larger and smaller, respectively, than those of normal women during the early‐mid‐follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. In the present study the distribution of oestradiol in plasma from normal women and women with PCO or MFO was measured to determine if differences in the available fractions of oestradiol could account for the differences in UXA of women with PCO or MFO. No differences in plasma levels of oestradiol were detected and the concentrations of oestradiol present in a free state or bound to albumin were similar in normal women and women with PCO or MFO. The concentration of oestrone was significantly higher in plasma from women with PCO (516 ± 120 pmo1/1, mean ± SD) than in plasma from women with MFO (389 ± 91 pmo1/1) or normal women (376 ± 89 pmo1/1). Differences in UXA for women with PCO or MFO as compared with normal women cannot therefore be attributed to differences in available oestradiol concentrations. It is possible that abnormalities in oestrogen metabolism within uterine or other tissues may account for the UXA of women with PCO or MFO. Increased plasma oestrone levels in women with PCO may provide more substrate for conversion to oestradiol within the uterus whilst the smaller UXA of women with MFO may reflect both lack of normal cyclical increases of oestradiol and formation of biologically inactive oestradiol metabolites.
RECOVERY OF LUTEAL FUNCTION AFTER INTERRUPTION OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE MID‐LUTEAL PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: POLSON D. W. , SAGLE M. , MASON H. D. , KIDDY D. , FRANKS S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOvulation was induced by a pulsatile infusion of GnRH in a patient with hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. In order to investigate the effect of short‐term withdrawal of gonadotrophin support in the luteal phase, the pulsatile infusion was stopped 3 d after ovulation and restarted 48 h later. After stopping the pump gonadotrophin and progesterone concentrations fell rapidly to very low levels, but when the infusion was restarted progesterone concentrations returned to normal mid‐luteal values. Menstruation occurred 14 d after the LH surge. We conclude that normal progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum can be restored after temporary withdrawal of gonadotrophin support.
BETA‐ENDORPHIN INFUSION FAILS TO MODULATE THE HORMONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSE TO SURGERY
Authors: LACOUMENTA S. , YEO T. H. , BURRIN J. M. , HALL G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of an i.v. infusion of synthetic human β‐endorphin on the hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular responses to surgery were investigated in female patients undergoing pelvic surgery. A β‐endorphin infusion (2 μg/kg as a bolus at induction of anaesthesia + 10 μg/kg/h for the first hour of surgery) increased plasma β‐endorphin immunoreactivity to values at least 100‐fold greater than those seen during surgery in a control group of patients. In spite of this massive increase the only significant findings were a transient augmentation of the expected hyperglycaemic response and increased plasma glucagon values. There were no significant changes in ACTH, GH, insulin and Cortisol secretion, in blood concentrations of lactate or glycerol, or in cardiovascular variables. Complete dissociation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of β‐endorphin was found even when plasma values exceeded 10000 pmol/1 in the presence of anaesthesia and surgery. These results show that the increases in circulating β‐endorphin immunoreactivity associated with clinical stress states are unlikely to modulate the associated hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular changes.
RESOLUTION OF HYPERGASTRINAEMIA AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROME TYPE I (MEN TYPE I)
Authors: MACLEOD A. F. , AYERS B. , YOUNG A. E. , MEDD W. E. , SÖNKSEN P. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe treatment of choice for gastric acid hypersecretion in MEN type I has now changed from total gastrectomy to the long‐term administration of H2 receptor blockers or similar agents. However, the importance of parathyroidectomy for the concomitant hypercalcaemia is not fully realized. A case is reported of a subject with MEN type I, who was initially treated with parathyroidectomy and H2 receptor blockade. Following parathyroidectomy, there was a rapid fall of the markedly elevated gastrin levels to the upper limit of the normal range. During follow‐up of 2–5 years, there has been no increase in serum gastrin, and the subject's gastric symptoms have resolved, despite the cessation of H2 blockade. Infusion of calcium to pre‐operative levels and superimposed secretin stimulation after this period of time closely reproduced the pre‐operative hypergastrinaemia. On screening, the subject's only child was found to have hypercalcaemia but normal serum gastrin levels and pituitary function; parathyroidectomy has been carried out. No abnormality of gastrin secretion has been found during follow‐up. This case highlights the importance of early parathyroidectomy in this syndrome.
FALSE LOCALIZATION OF AN ALDOSTERONOMA BY DEXAMETHASONE‐SUPPRESSED ADRENAL SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: HERD G. W. , SEMPLE P. F. , PARKER D. , DAVIDSON J. K. , HILDITCH T. E. , FRASER R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA patient with primary aldosteronism had bilateral adrenal tumours on computed tomography. Selenocholesterol scintigraphy showed uptake by the larger right adrenal gland and a tumour in the gland was also visualized by venography. In contrast, measurements of aldosterone concentrations in adrenal venous blood lateralized to the left side. At surgery the left adrenal gland contained an aldosteronoma and the right adrenal gland a large nonfunctioning adenoma. Thus, selenocholesterol scintigraphy incorrectly localized the functioning adrenal tumour.
CIRCULATING TSH LEVELS MEASURED WITH AN IMMUNOCHEMILUMINOMETRIC ASSAY IN PATIENTS TAKING DRUGS INTERFERING WITH BIOCHEMICAL THYROID STATUS
Authors: EVANS P. J. , WOODHEAD J. S. , WEEKS I. , SCANLON M. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum TSH was measured using a high sensitivity immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) in patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs, heparin or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (NSAIs) and the results compared with those from groups of age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The TSH results have also been compared with those of estimates of free thyroid hormone levels using Amerlex analogue method reagents. All patients were clinically euthyroid and TSH concentrations were in the normal, euthyroid range and did not differ significantly in any group studied. In contrast, Amerlex free T4 levels were significantly reduced in the patients treated with phenytoin (P < 0001), carbamazepine (P < 001), sodium valproate (P < 001) and heparin (P < 0001). Patients treated with NSAI agents showed no significant change in free T4 levels. Amerlex free T3 levels were also significantly reduced in the patients treated with phenytoin (P < 0–005), carbamazepine (P < 0–005) and heparin (P < 0–001) but not in those treated with sodium valproate or NSAIs. These data support the view that measurement of circulating TSH with an assay of sufficient precision in the relevant range provides a reliable way of assessing thyroid status and could be used to exclude hyperthyroidism in patients taking the medications investigated in this study.
ENDOCRINE ASPECTS OF PITUITARY STALK ENLARGMENT
Authors: PUIG M. L. , WEBB S. M. , DEL POZO C. , de JUAN M. , SERRANO S. , VILARDELL E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFour patients with various endocrine deficiences of a predominantly hypothalamic nature are described, in whom computed topographic scans demonstrated pituitary stalk enlargement. In one, a disseminated papular skin eruption with regional pleomorphism and spontaneous regression appeared 4 years after the development of the initial symptoms of diabetes insipidus, and led to a diagnosis of xanthoma disseminatum, a rare type of histiocytosis. It is suggested that this patient's endocrine dysfunction is also due to histiocytic involvement of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary stalk. In view of the prolonged lapse of time between the initial endocrine manifestations and the eventual diagnosis, even though no cause is apparent in the other three patients, it is suggested that close follow‐up be carried out to rule out such a possibility in patients with this endocrine‐radiological entity.
LITHIUM INHIBITS THE ACTION OF FLUDROCORTISONE ON THE KIDNEY
Authors: STEWART P. M. , GRIEVE J. , NAIRN I. M. , PADFIELD P. L. , EDWARDS C. R. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA patient with autoimmune Addison's disease treated with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone became mineralocorticoid‐deficient whilst taking lithium carbonate for a bipolar illness. During an in‐patient metabolic balance study she required 1.0 mg fludrocortisone daily and dietary sodium supplementation to make plasma renin activity and serum potassium normal, and to abolish postural hypotension. We present data to suggest that lithium carbonate inhibits the action of fludrocortisone on the distal renal tubule.