bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative enantioseparation of seven triazole fungicides on (S,S)‐Whelk O1 and four different cellulose derivative columns
Authors: Pan Chun‐Xiu , Shen Bao‐Chun , Xu Bei‐jia , Chen Juan‐Juan , Xu Xiu‐Zhu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe comparative enantioseparation of seven chiral triazole fungicides on a Pirkle type (S,S)‐Whelk O1 chiral column and four different cellulose derivative columns, namely cellulose tribenzoate (CTB), cellulose tris(4‐methylbenzoate) (CTMB), cellulose triphenylcarbamate (CTPC), and cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) (CDMPC), in normal phase mode is described. The seven triazole fungicides investigated were tebuconazole, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, diniconazole, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, and triadimenol. The chiral separation of each solute was investigated with ethanol, n‐propanol, iso‐propanol, and n‐butanol, respectively, as polar modifier in the hexane mobile phase. The results revealed that (S,S)‐Whelk O1 was less than universal and only hexaconazole and triadimenol underwent enantioseparation. Among the self‐prepared cellulose derivative columns used, the enantiomeric resolution capacities for the studied analytes generally decreased in the order CDMPC > CTPC > CTMB > CTB. The best enantioseparation of the analytes was mostly obtained on CDMPC and none of them were enantioseparated on CTB. The chiral recognition mechanisms between the analytes and the chiral selectors are discussed.
Extraction of hydroxyaromatic compounds in river water by liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction with automated movement of the acceptor and the donor phase
Authors: Melwanki Mahaveer B. , Huang Shang‐Da 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLiquid–liquid–liquid microextraction with automated movement of the acceptor and the donor phase technique is described for the extraction of six hydroxyaromatic compounds in river water using a disposable and ready to use hollow fiber. Separation and quantitative analyses were performed using LC with UV detection at 254 nm. Analytes were extracted from the acidified sample solution (donor phase) into the organic solvent impregnated in the pores of the hollow fiber and then back extracted into the alkaline solution (acceptor phase) inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. The fiber was held by a conventional 10 μL LC syringe. The acceptor phase was sandwitched between the plunger and a small volume of the organic solvent (microcap). The acceptor solution was repeatedly moved in and out of the hollow fiber using a syringe pump. This movement provides a fresh acceptor phase to come in contact with the organic phase and thus enhancing extraction kinetics thereby leading to the improvement in enrichment of the analytes. The microcap separates the acceptor phase and the donor phase in addition to being partially responsible for mass transfer of the analytes from the donor solution to the acceptor solution. Under stirring, a fresh donor phase will enter through the open end of the fiber that will also contribute to the mass transfer. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency viz type of organic solvent, extraction time, stirring speed, effect of sodium chloride, and concentration of donor and acceptor phases were studied. RSD (3.9–5.6%), correlation coefficient (0.995–0.997), detection limit (2.0–51.2 ng/mL), enrichment factor (339–630), relative recovery (93.2–97.9%), and absolute recovery (33.9–63.0%) have also been investigated. The developed method was applied for the analysis of river water.
Separation of parabens in capillary electrochromatography using poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene‐methacrylic acid) monolithic column
Authors: Huang Hsi‐Ya , Huang I‐Yun , Lin Heng Yi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study, a series of poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene‐methacrylic acid) monolithic capillaries was used as the separation column of CEC for the analyses of parabens in commercial pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The results showed that the chromatographic characteristics of these analytes were strongly affected by the preparation condition of the monolithic column including monomer content, porogenic solvent composition, and polymerization time. Baseline separations were markedly sped up by lowering the polymerization time without any obvious loss of resolution. Furthermore, mobile‐phase composition (pH, ACN, and electrolyte concentration) was also able to effectively improve the separation behavior. Similar to the influence of lowering the polymerization time, retention times for all analytes were significantly shortened in the CEC method by decreasing the electrolyte concentration in the mobile phase.
Investigating the Interactions of Hyaluronan Derivatives with Biomolecules. The Use of Diffusional NMR Techniques
Authors: Taglienti Anna , Cellesi Francesco , Crescenzi Vittorio , Sequi Paolo , Valentini Massimiliano , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: The interactions between a biomaterial and biomolecules present in body fluids often determine the fate of the biomaterial. This paper presents a study on hyaluronan (HA)‐containing materials (in soluble or colloidal form) that focuses on their interactions with lipids and proteins and for the first time uses PFG NMR as an analytical technique for probing these events. The interactions of HA‐based polymers with phospholipids (DPPC and DPPG liposomes) are shown to depend both on charge and hydrophobicity factors. Despite the difference in behavior between albumin (substantially non‐adhesive) and fibrinogen (adhesive), the interactions of the polymers with proteins do not seem to be based on hydrophobic effects but on surface polar interactions.
magnified image
Immobilized Hyperbranched Glycoacrylate Films as Bioactive Supports
Authors: Muthukrishnan Sharmila , Nitschke Mirko , Gramm Stefan , Özyürek Zeynep , Voit Brigitte , Werner Carsten , Müller Axel H. E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: We report on the low‐pressure plasma immobilization, characterization and application of thin films of hyperbranched glycoacrylates, poly(3‐O‐acryloyl‐α,β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (AGlc), on PTFE‐like fluorocarbon surfaces. This method is an efficient and versatile way to immobilize sugar‐carrying branched acrylates as thin films of approximately 5 nm thickness on polymeric substrates while the functional groups and properties of the immobilized molecules are largely retained. The extent of poly(AGlc) degradation during plasma immobilization was investigated using FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy and XPS. The thickness and topography of the immobilized films were characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry and SFM, respectively. Studies of protein adsorption, as well as cell adhesion and proliferation on the poly(AGlc) surfaces, showed that these materials are suitable for the control of biointerfacial phenomena.Fluorescence images of fibronectin adsorbed on to the branched glycoacrylate with a mask.magnified imageFluorescence images of fibronectin adsorbed on to the branched glycoacrylate with a mask.
Alginate Hydrogels as Biomaterials
Authors: Augst Alexander D. , Kong Hyun Joon , Mooney David J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Alginate hydrogels are proving to have a wide applicability as biomaterials. They have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as delivery vehicles for drugs, and as model extracellular matrices for basic biological studies. These applications require tight control of a number of material properties including mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation, cell attachment, and binding or release of bioactive molecules. Control over these properties can be achieved by chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharide itself or the gels formed from alginate. The utility of these modified alginate gels as biomaterials has been demonstrated in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies.Micro‐CT images of bone‐like constructs that result from transplantation of osteoblasts on gels that degrade over a time frame of several months leading to improved bone formation.magnified imageMicro‐CT images of bone‐like constructs that result from transplantation of osteoblasts on gels that degrade over a time frame of several months leading to improved bone formation.
Use of Functionalized Metallocene Copolymers from Ethylene and Polar Olefins as Compatibilizers for Low‐Density‐Polyethylene/Starch and Low‐Density‐Polyethylene/Dextran Blends
Authors: Domínguez Ana María , Quijada Raúl , Yazdani‐Pedram Mehrdad 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Functionalized metallocene copolymers synthesized from ethylene with 5‐hexen‐1‐ol and ethylene with 10‐undecen‐1‐ol were used as compatibilizers in LDPE/starch and LDPE/dextran blends in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between hydrophobic LDPE and hydrophilic natural polymers. An increase in tensile modulus and a slight decrease in tensile strength was observed when poly[ethylene‐co‐(10‐undecen‐1‐ol)] was added to a 70:30 wt.‐% LDPE/dextran blend, whereas the addition of poly[ethylene‐co‐(5‐hexen‐1‐ol)] as compatibilizer resulted in obtaining a more rigid material with a slightly higher modulus. Scanning electron microscopy of modified dextran blends containing 3 wt.‐% of both compatibilizers showed some degree of phase cocontinuity. Enhanced interfacial adhesion and decrease in particle size of starch was observed when 5 wt.‐% of poly [ethylene‐co‐(5‐hexen‐1‐ol)] copolymer was used as the compatibilizer in starch blends. The crystallization temperature of LDPE, determined by DSC, was shifted to a slightly higher temperature as a consequence of the addition of the compatibilizers. The existence of phase segregation was also revealed by thermal analysis when 5 wt.‐% of the copolymers were used as blend modifiers.SEM micrograph of 70:30 wt.‐% LDPE/dextran blend with added poly[ethylene‐co‐(5‐hexen‐1‐ol)] compatibilizer.magnified imageSEM micrograph of 70:30 wt.‐% LDPE/dextran blend with added poly[ethylene‐co‐(5‐hexen‐1‐ol)] compatibilizer.
Notexin causes greater myotoxic damage and slower functional repair in mouse skeletal muscles than bupivacaine
Authors: Plant David R. , Colarossi Fiona E. , Lynch Gordon S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlthough the myotoxins bupivacaine and notexin are employed for studying processes that regulate muscle regeneration after injury, no studies have compared their efficacy in causing muscle damage or assessing functional regeneration in mouse skeletal muscles. Bupivacaine causes extensive injury in rat muscles but its effects on mouse muscles are variable. We compared functional and morphological properties of regenerating mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles after notexin or bupivacaine injection and tested the hypothesis that muscle damage would be more extensive and functional repair less complete after notexin injection. Bupivacaine caused degeneration of 45% of fibers and reduced maximum force (Po) to 42% of control after 3 days. In contrast, notexin caused complete fiber breakdown and loss of functional capacity after 3 days (P < 0.05). At 7 and 10 days after bupivacaine, Po was restored to 65% and 71% of control, respectively, whereas Po of notexin‐injected muscles was only 10% and 39% of control at these time‐points, respectively (P < 0.05). At 7 and 10 days after bupivacaine, ∼30% of fibers were centrally nucleated (regenerating), whereas notexin‐injected muscles were comprised entirely of regenerating fibers (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that notexin causes a more extensive and complete injury than bupivacaine, and is a useful model for studying muscle regeneration in mice. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Elevated skeletal muscle phosphodiesters in adults using statin medications
Authors: Slade Jill M. , Delano Mark C. , Meyer Ronald A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractElevated skeletal muscle phosphodiesters (PDE) have previously been reported with muscle‐related disorders. Myalgia is a side effect of using statin cholesterol‐lowering medications and, therefore, statin use may be associated with increased skeletal muscle PDE. The effect of cholesterol‐lowering drugs on skeletal muscle phosphorus metabolites was determined with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Resting 31P metabolites of the anterior compartment muscles were measured in two groups (n = 20; age, 49 ± 2 years); half were taking statins and the other half were not on these agents. Muscle PDE was 57% greater in the statin group than the control group. These data suggest that statin use increases muscle PDE. Our findings are particularly relevant due to the increasing use and higher dosing of statin medications. Further prospective studies should be performed to document a causal relationship between elevated PDE and statin use, in addition to quantifying correlates to muscle function. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Peripheral nerve injuries: A retrospective survey of 456 cases
Authors: Kouyoumdjian João Aris 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis 16‐year retrospective study reports the data on 456 consecutive patients with 557 peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) between 1989 and 2004. Most patients were men (74%) and the mean age was 32.4 years. In 83% of cases the PNIs were isolated; combined lesions most commonly involved the ulnar and median nerves. Upper‐limb PNIs occurred in 73.5% of cases; the ulnar nerve was most often injured, either singly or in combination. Vehicle accidents affecting the brachial plexus or radial, sciatic, facial, and peroneal nerves were the most common cause of injury. Penetrating trauma commonly affected the ulnar and median nerves; falls and gunshot wounds frequently affected the ulnar, radial, and median nerves; and sports injuries, particularly soccer, affected mainly the peroneal and tibial nerves. More than half of the brachial plexus lesions after vehicular accidents were from motorcycle crashes. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Assessing neuromuscular disease with multifrequency electrical impedance myography
Authors: Esper Gregory J. , Shiffman Carl A. , Aaron Ronald , Lee Kyungmouk S. , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractElectrical impedance myography (EIM) is a noninvasive technique for neuromuscular assessment in which low‐intensity alternating current is applied to a muscle and the consequent surface voltage patterns are evaluated. Previous work using a single frequency of 50 kHZ has demonstrated quantitative correlation of EIM parameters with disease status. In this investigation we examined the use of multifrequency EIM, studying a prototypical neurogenic disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) and myopathic disorder (inflammatory myopathy, IM). Eleven ALS patients, 7 IM patients, and 46 normal subjects participated in the study. Although disease‐specific patterns were not identified such that IM could be differentiated from ALS, impedance vs. frequency patterns for diseased subjects differed substantially from those of the age‐matched normal subjects, with the greatest alterations occurring in the most severe cases. Multifrequency EIM may be well‐suited to serve as an easily applied technique to assess disease severity in a variety of neuromuscular conditions. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Machine scheduling with an availability constraint and job delivery coordination
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Cheng T. C. Edwin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper we study the scheduling problem that considers both production and job delivery at the same time with machine availability considerations. Only one vehicle is available to deliver jobs in a fixed transportation time to a distribution center. The vehicle can load at most K jobs as a delivery batch in one shipment due to the vehicle capacity constraint. The objective is to minimize the arrival time of the last delivery batch to the distribution center. Since machines may not always be available over the production period in real life due to preventive maintenance, we incorporate machine availability into the models. Three scenarios of the problem are studied. For the problem in which the jobs are processed on a single machine and the jobs interrupted by the unavailable machine interval are resumable, we provide a polynomial algorithm to solve the problem optimally. For the problem in which the jobs are processed on a single machine and the interrupted jobs are nonresumable, we first show that the problem is NP‐hard. We then propose a heuristic with a worst‐case error bound of 1/2 and show that the bound is tight. For the problem in which the jobs are processed on either one of two parallel machines, where only one machine has an unavailable interval and the interrupted jobs are resumable, we propose a heuristic with a worst‐case error bound of 2/3. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Thermal flutter analysis of large‐scale space structures based on finite element method
Authors: Li Wei , Xiang Zhihai , Chen Lejin , Xue Mingde 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDuring the orbital day–night crossing period, the suddenly applied thermal loading is apt to introducing vibration on flexible appendages of large‐scale space structures. This kind of thermally‐induced vibration is a typical failure of modern spacecrafts. However, owing to the complexity of this problem, many earlier researches study only the vibration of simplified beam models, which can hardly describe the performance of practical structures. This paper aims at using the finite element method to analyse the non‐linear vibration of practical thin‐walled large‐scale space structures subjected to suddenly applied thermal loading. In this study, the coupling effect between structural deformations and the incident normal solar heat flux is considered; the necessary condition of thermally‐induced vibration is verified; and the criterion of thermal flutter is established. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐evolutionary algorithm for structural damage identification using minimal physical testing
Authors: Kouchmeshky B. , Aquino W. , Bongard J. C. , Lipson H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe problem of damage identification using minimum test data is studied in this work. Data sparsity in damage identification applications commonly results in inverse problems that are mathematically ill‐posed (e.g. non‐unique solutions). Although solution non‐uniqueness may be addressed by performing multiple tests on a structure, it is not trivial to decide which tests to carry out given that actual physical testing is costly. This problem is addressed in this work through a new co‐evolutionary algorithm that interactively searches for damage scenarios and optimum physical tests. The algorithm is composed of two stages: the estimation phase, which searches for damage scenarios that can predict current physical tests, and the exploration phase, which searches for tests that increase the level of information about the damaged system. The feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated using numerical examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and efficient approach to capturing bonding effect in naturally microstructured sands by discrete element method
Authors: Jiang Mingjing , Yu Hai‐Sui , Leroueil Serge 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA discrete element modelling of naturally microstructured sands is very important to geomechanics. This paper presents a simple discrete element model for naturally microstructured sands with the aim to efficiently capture the effect of cementation between particles (bonds). First, a simple bond contact model was proposed by introducing a rigid‐plastic bond element into the conventional contact model for dry granular material. Second, efficient numerical techniques were investigated to implement this contact model into the distinct element method (DEM). Then, a two‐dimensional DEM code was developed to simulate a series of isotropic compression tests on the materials of different densities and bonding strengths. Finally, the DEM results were examined in comparison with the experimental data on artificially bonded sands obtained by Rotta et al. (Géotechnique 2003; 53(5):493–502). In addition, we discussed the yielding mechanism, the Coop and Willson criteria on weak/strong bonding (J. Geotech. Eng. (ASCE) 2003; 129(11):1010–1019) and the strong bonding phenomenon observed by Rotta et al. based on the DEM data. The study shows that the DEM model is able to capture the main features of naturally microstructured sands, such as variations of yielding and bulk modulus against bonding strength or material density. In addition, it is shown that the gross yielding (the yielding defined in terms of strains) is largely related to bond breakage; Coop and Willson criteria are generally reasonable; and the strong bonding in the experimental data obtained by Rotta et al. comes from that their bonded materials start at different points on the same compression line. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damage detection by the topology design formulation using modal parameters
Authors: Lee Joong Seok , Kim Jae Eun , Kim Yoon Young 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe feasibility of using the topology design method for structural damage identification is investigated for the first time. The finite element model of an undamaged structure and some point‐frequency response functions of a damaged structure are assumed to be available. To carry out the feasibility study, the topology optimization formulation suitable for structural damage detection is newly set up, where both resonances and anti‐resonances are used as the damage indication modal parameters. An idea to progressively reduce the candidate damaged elements is also developed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level set X‐FEM non‐matching meshes: application to dynamic crack propagation in elastic–plastic media
Authors: Prabel B. , Combescure A. , Gravouil A. , Marie S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper develops two aspects improving crack propagation modelling with the X‐FEM method. On the one hand, it explains how one can use at the same time a regular structured mesh for a precise and efficient level set update and an unstructured irregular one for the mechanical model. On the other hand, a new numerical scheme based on the X‐FEM method is proposed for dynamic elastic–plastic situations. The simulation results are compared with two experiments on PMMA for which crack speed and crack path are provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refined global–local higher‐order theory and finite element for laminated plates
Authors: Zhen Wu , Wanji Chen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBased on completely three‐dimensional elasticity theory, a refined global–local higher‐order theory is presented as enhanced version of the classical global–local theory proposed by Li and Liu (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 1997; 40:1197–1212), in which the effect of transverse normal deformation is enhanced. Compared with the previous higher‐order theory, the refined theory offers some valuable improvements these are able to predict accurately response of laminated plates subjected to thermal loading of uniform temperature. However, the previous higher‐order theory will encounter difficulty for this problem. A refined three‐noded triangular element satisfied the requirement of C1 weak‐continuity conditions in the inter‐element is also presented. The results of numerical examples of moderately thick laminated plates and even thick plates with span/thickness ratios L/h = 2 are given to show that in‐plane stresses and transverse shear stresses can be reasonably predicted by the direct constitutive equation approach without smooth technique. In order to accurately obtain transverse normal stresses, the local equilibrium equation approach in one element is employed herein. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.