bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CH···N and CH···O intramolecular hydrogen bonding effects in the 1H, 13C and 15 N NMR spectra of the configurational isomers of 1‐vinylpyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde oxime substantiated by DFT calculations
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Simonenko Dmitry E. , Ivanov Andrei V. , Vasil'tsov Alexander M. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAccording to the 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopic data and DFT calculations, the E‐isomer of 1‐vinylpyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde adopts preferable conformation with the anti‐orientation of the vinyl group relative to the carbaldehyde oxime group and with the syn‐arrangement of the carbaldehyde oxime group with reference to the pyrrole ring. This conformation is stabilized by the CH···N intramolecular hydrogen bond between the α‐hydrogen of the vinyl group and the oxime group nitrogen, which causes a pronounced high‐frequency shift of the α‐hydrogen signal in 1H NMR (∼0.5 ppm) and an increase in the corresponding one‐bond 13C–1H coupling constant (ca 4 Hz). In the Z‐isomer, the carbaldehyde oxime group turns to the anti‐position with respect to the pyrrole ring. The CH···O intramolecular hydrogen bond between the H‐3 hydrogen of the pyrrole ring and the oxime group oxygen is realized in this case. Due to such hydrogen bonding, the H‐3 hydrogen resonance is shifted to a higher frequency by about 1 ppm and the one‐bond 13C–1H coupling constant for this proton increases by ∼5 Hz. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which pulse sequence is optimal for myo‐inositol detection at 3T?
Authors: Hancu Ileana 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOptimized myo‐inositol (mI) detection is important for diagnosing and monitoring a multitude of pathological conditions of the brain. Simulations are presented in this work, performed to decide which pulse sequence has the most significant advantage in terms of improving repeatability and accuracy of mI measurements at 3T over the pulse sequence used typically in the clinic, a TE = 35 ms PRESS sequence. Five classes of pulse sequences, four previously suggested for optimized mI detection (a short TE PRESS, a Carr‐Purcell PRESS sequence, an optimized STEAM sequence, an optimized zero quantum filter), and one optimized for mI detection in this work (a single quantum filter) were compared to a standard, TE = 35 ms pulse sequence. While limiting the SNR of an acquisition to the equivalent SNR of a spectrum acquired in 5 min from an 8 cc voxel, it was found through simulations that the most repeatable mI measurements would be obtained with a Carr‐Purcell sequence. This sequence was implemented in a clinical scanner, and improved mI measurements were demonstrated in vivo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic investigation on the oxidation of ampicillin drug by diperiodatoargentate (III) in aqueous alkaline medium
Authors: Hosamani Ragunatharaddi R. , Shetti Nagaraj P. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of antibiotic drug, ampicillin (AMP) by diperiodatoargentate (III) (DPA) in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.25‐mol dm−3 was studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction between DPA and AMP in alkaline medium exhibits 1:2 stoichiometry (AMP:DPA). The reaction is of first order in [DPA] and has less than unit order in both [AMP] and [alkali]. Added periodate retarded the rate of reaction and intervention of free radicals was observed in the reaction. The oxidation reaction in alkaline medium has been shown to proceed via a DPA–AMP complex, which decomposes slowly in a rate‐determining step followed by other fast steps to give the products. The main products were identified by spot test, IR and NMR studies. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism are calculated. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism were computed and discussed and thermodynamic quantities were also determined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New indole‐containing luminophores: convenient synthesis and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement
Authors: Li Qianqian , Yu Shanshan , Li Zhen , Qin Jingui 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA series of new indole‐based luminophores (IIa–d) were conveniently synthesized through Ullmann reactions. They were well characterized by spectroscopic analyses and exhibited aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties. By simply changing the aromatic moieties in IIa–d, their maximum emission wavelengths could be well‐tuned from 340 to 400 nm. The obtained experimental results, including the fluorescent behavior and the crystal structure in solid, demonstrated that the AIEE phenomena are caused by the restrictions of the intramolecular indolyl vibrational and rotational motions (around the Carbon–Nitrogen bonds). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of time‐between‐events control chart for the monitoring of regularly maintained systems
Authors: Khoo Michael B. C. , Xie M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOwing to usage, environment and aging, the condition of a system deteriorates over time. Regular maintenance is often conducted to restore its condition and to prevent failures from occurring. In this kind of a situation, the process is considered to be stable, thus statistical process control charts can be used to monitor the process. The monitoring can help in making a decision on whether further maintenance is worthwhile or whether the system has deteriorated to a state where regular maintenance is no longer effective. When modeling a deteriorating system, lifetime distributions with increasing failure rate are more appropriate. However, for a regularly maintained system, the failure time distribution can be approximated by the exponential distribution with an average failure rate that depends on the maintenance interval. In this paper, we adopt a modification for a time‐between‐events control chart, i.e. the exponential chart for monitoring the failure process of a maintained Weibull distributed system. We study the effect of changes on the scale parameter of the Weibull distribution while the shape parameter remains at the same level on the sensitivity of the exponential chart. This paper illustrates an approach of integrating maintenance decision with statistical process monitoring methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of forceps use in obstetrics during a simulated childbirth
Authors: Moreau R. , Pham M. T. , Brun X. , Redarce T. , Dupuis O. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn obstetrics, manipulations are mainly learned during real deliveries. To minimize the risks linked to such training, we propose a childbirth simulator as a teaching tool in hospitals. More specifically, we focus on training with forceps during obstetric manipulation.MethodsThe training method can be divided into two steps: the teaching of forceps placement, and the extraction manipulation. In this paper we focus on the extraction manipulation on the simulator and the analysis of the results, taking into account several parameters and using an evaluation function to obtain a global score.ResultsExperimental results reveal novice difficulty while proceeding to the fetus extraction. These results highlight the fact that novices need a personalized training which can be carried out on the BirthSIM simulator.ConclusionResults lead to the conclusion that a simulator training offers benefit to novices by providing them with risk‐free training to acquire initial experience before proceeding to conventional training in the delivery room. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dual‐observer design for global output feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems with low‐order and high‐order nonlinearities
Authors: Li Ji , Qian Chunjiang , Frye Michael T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper employs a dual‐observer design to solve the problem of global output feedback stabilization for a class of nonlinear systems whose nonlinearities are bounded by both low‐order and high‐order terms. We show that the dual‐observer comprised of two individual homogeneous observers, can be implemented together to estimate low‐order and high‐order states in parallel. The proposed dual observer, together with a state feedback controller, which has both low‐order and high‐order terms, will lead to a new result combining and generalizing two recent results (Li J, Qian C.Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2005; 2652–2657) and (Qian C.Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, June 2005; 4708–4715). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer design for nonlinear systems with Markov chain
Authors: Battilotti Stefano 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe present a novel observer design for a class of single‐output nonlinear systems with Markov jumps. The Markov jump process interferes with a deterministic nonlinear dynamics at random times and retains its state for a certain amount of time (dwell time). The estimation process is reset at these random times, depending on the reset values of the state process, and then evolves as a deterministic estimate of the state process itself. The novelty is given by the reset mechanism adopted for the estimation process itself, depending on the reset values of the state process. We prove that, as long as the mathematical expectation of the dwell times has a positive lower bound and the transition rate of the jump process at the first exit time out of any point is bounded, the state estimation error of the switching dynamics asymptotically converges to zero with probability one. The state estimate over each dwell time is designed using the novel technique of ‘output immersion’: each single‐output nonlinear dynamics is ‘immersed’ into a system with as many outputs as its states. The immersed dynamics can be split into one‐dimensional dynamics each one with its state and output. By estimating the state of each one‐dimensional dynamics we determine a state estimator for the dynamics before immersion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pinhole‐free large‐grained atomically smooth Au(111) substrates prepared by flame‐annealed template stripping
Authors: Banner L. Todd , Richter Andrew , Pinkhassik Eugene 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHigh‐quality atomically flat substrates are critical for the analysis and imaging of surface‐mounted ultrathin films and nanostructures. Here we report significant improvement in the preparation of large areas of atomically smooth Au(111) substrates. A thin layer of gold on silicon is flame‐annealed in air and then stripped from the template. The substrates were analyzed with X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). In contrast to the previously reported template stripped gold (TSG) substrates, flame‐annealed template stripped substrates reveal no detectable pinholes. The substrate surface is atomically smooth with most grains being larger than 1 µm2. The entire procedure requires less than 2 h and uses readily available materials and common laboratory equipment. The resulting substrates can be stored for longer periods of time and then used immediately without need for common cleaning procedures. Evidence is provided that self‐assembled monolayers on these substrates are higher quality than those prepared with previously reported gold substrates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties of Maize Starches Differing in Amylose Content
Authors: Luo Zhigang , Fu Xiong , He Xiaowei , Luo Faxing , Gao Qunyu , Yu Shujuan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNormal maize, waxy maize and amylomaize V starches were treated at a moisture content of 70% by ultrasonic treatment. The results showed that the surface of normal and waxy maize starches was porous after treatment and a fissure could be clearly observed in the surface of amylomaize V starch. Ultrasonic treatment did not change the X‐ray pattern of the three maize starches. The swelling power (amylomaize V (B‐type) > normal maize > waxy maize (A‐type)) and solubility (amylomaize V > normal maize > waxy maize), the syneresis of amylomaize V starch and the gelatinization transition temperatures of the three starches increased on this treatment. Ultrasonic treatment decreased the syneresis of normal and waxy maize starches, the enthalpy of gelatinization (amylomaize V > waxy maize ≈︂ normal maize) and the gelatinization temperature range (amylomaize V > normal maize ≈︂ waxy maize) of all starches. A drop in viscosity of all three starches was observed and the viscosity patterns of three starches remained unchanged after ultrasonic treatment. The data showed that ultrasonic treatment degraded preferentially the amorphous regions and more easily attacked linear amylose than highly branched amylopectin.
Complexity and simplification in understanding recruitment in benthic populations
Authors: Pineda Jesús , Reyns Nathalie B. , Starczak Victoria R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractResearch of complex systems and problems, entities with many dependencies, is often reductionist. The reductionist approach splits systems or problems into different components, and then addresses these components one by one. This approach has been used in the study of recruitment and population dynamics of marine benthic (bottom‐dwelling) species. Another approach examines benthic population dynamics by looking at a small set of processes. This approach is statistical or model‐oriented. Simplified approaches identify “macroecological” patterns or attempt to identify and model the essential, “first‐order” elements of the system. The complexity of the recruitment and population dynamics problems stems from the number of processes that can potentially influence benthic populations, including (1) larval pool dynamics, (2) larval transport, (3) settlement, and (4) post‐settlement biotic and abiotic processes, and larval production. Moreover, these processes are non‐linear, some interact, and they may operate on disparate scales. This contribution discusses reductionist and simplified approaches to study benthic recruitment and population dynamics of bottom‐dwelling marine invertebrates. We first address complexity in two processes known to influence recruitment, larval transport, and post‐settlement survival to reproduction, and discuss the difficulty in understanding recruitment by looking at relevant processes individually and in isolation. We then address the simplified approach, which reduces the number of processes and makes the problem manageable. We discuss how simplifications and “broad‐brush first‐order approaches” may muddle our understanding of recruitment. Lack of empirical determination of the fundamental processes often results in mistaken inferences, and processes and parameters used in some models can bias our view of processes influencing recruitment. We conclude with a discussion on how to reconcile complex and simplified approaches. Although it appears impossible to achieve a full mechanistic understanding of recruitment by studying all components of the problem in isolation, we suggest that knowledge of these components is essential for simplifying and understanding the system beyond probabilistic description and modeling.
Comparison of the effects of intrapericardial and intravenous aldosterone infusions on left ventricular fibrosis in rats
Authors: Minnaard‐Huiban Monica , Hermans J.J. Rob , van Essen Helma , Bitsch Nicole , Smits Jos F.M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:Aldosterone plays a detrimental role in the pathology of chronic heart failure. An important mechanism resides in its ability to evoke extensive fibrosis in the heart. However, the locations of the aldosterone interaction sites responsible for triggering cardiac fibrosis are puzzling. Extra‐cardiac aldosterone actions are known to contribute to cardiac fibrosis but whether local cardiac aldosterone actions are involved is unclear.Aims:This study aimed to investigate whether local aldosterone actions contribute to cardiac fibrosis in vivo.Methods:Saline treated male Wistar rats were intravenously (systemically) or intrapericardially (locally) infused for 8 weeks with 75 or 750 ng/h aldosterone to monitor end point left ventricular epicardial collagen levels (histology).Results:Perivascular fibrosis was observed only at high dose aldosterone infusions and was not different for the administration routes. Regarding interstitial fibrosis however, clear differences between the administration routes were seen. Intrapericardial aldosterone infusions increased interstitial collagen levels 1.72× (P<0.05) at low dose, but –surprisingly– had no significant effect at high dose. In contrast, intravenous aldosterone had no significant effect at low dose but increased interstitial collagen 1.72× (P<0.05) at high dose.Conclusion:Our data suggest that local cardiac aldosterone actions contribute to the development of left ventricular interstitial fibrosis.
Analysing soil and canopy factors affecting optimum nitrogen fertilization rates of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: HENKE J. , SIELING K. , SAUERMANN W. , KAGE H. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYImplementation of the EU Nitrate Directive in Germany will result in nitrogen (N) balance surpluses being restricted to 60 kg N/ha averaged over 3 years, starting in 2009. With N surpluses of more than 100 kg N/ha, winter oilseed rape (OSR) is a main contributor to N balance surpluses in OSR-based crop rotations in northern Germany. The exact calculation of N fertilization rates therefore becomes increasingly important in order to meet the target of less than 60 kg N/ha N balance average surplus over 3 years at a farm level. Currently, soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) at the beginning of spring growth is commonly used as an indicator for calculation of N fertilization rates in spring. However, amounts of SMN at the beginning of spring growth under OSR are usually low and canopy N is only taken into account to a very limited extent. This might lead to N fertilization rates exceeding the optimum N fertilization rate (Nopt). In the present study, the effects of SMN in spring and of canopy N in autumn and spring on Nopt were investigated. Multi-site field trials producing different crop canopies, as a result of two sowing dates and two autumn N fertilization levels, with five spring N fertilization levels (0–280 kg N/ha) were carried out in 2005/06 and 2006/07.Nopt in spring was estimated by quadratic response functions using the combine-harvested seed yield data from the spring N fertilization treatments. Regression analyses revealed no relationship between Nopt and SMN at the beginning of spring growth or canopy N at the beginning of spring growth. In contrast, a significant negative correlation between Nopt and canopy N at the end of autumn growth was found. Based on the results of the present study, it is sensible to take autumn canopy N into account when calculating N fertilization rates in spring. If canopy N in autumn is high (>50 kg N/ha), as a consequence, N fertilization rates should be reduced.
Experimental evidence for a new transmission route in a parasitic mite and its mucus-dependent orientation towards the host snail
Authors: SCHÜPBACH H. U. , BAUR B. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYThe route of transmission and host finding behaviour are fundamental components of a parasite's fitness.Riccardoella limacum, a haematophagous mite, lives in the mantle cavity of helicid land snails. To date it has been assumed that this parasitic mite is transmitted during courtship and mating of the host. Here we present experimental evidence for a new transmission route in the host snailArianta arbustorum. Parasite-free snails were kept on soil on which previously infected host snails had been maintained for 6 weeks.R. limacumwas successfully transmitted via soil without physical contact among hosts in 10 out of 22 (45·5%) cases. In a series of experiments we also examined the off-host locomotion ofR. limacumon snail mucus and control substrates using an automated camera system. Parasitic mites showed a preference to move on fresh mucus. Our results support the hypothesis thatR. limacumuses mucus trails to locate new hosts. These findings should be considered in commercial snail farming and when examining the epidemiology of wild populations.
The role of metacognitive beliefs in determining the impact of anomalous experiences: a comparison of help-seeking and non-help-seeking groups of people experiencing psychotic-like anomalies
Authors: Brett C. M. C. , Johns L. C. , Peters E. P. , McGuire P. K. 
Published: November 2008

BackgroundCurrent psychological models of psychotic symptoms suggest that metacognitive beliefs impact on an individual's appraisal of anomalous experiences, and thereby influence whether these lead to distress and become clinical symptoms. This study examined the relationship between maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, anomalous experiences, anomaly-related distress, anxiety and depression and diagnostic status.MethodThe Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ), Symptom Checklist 90 – Revised, and Appraisals of Anomalous Experiences interview were administered to 27 people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, 32 people meeting At Risk Mental State (ARMS) criteria, 24 people with psychotic-like experiences but no need for care, and 32 healthy volunteers.ResultsThe two clinical groups scored higher than non-patient controls and individuals experiencing psychotic-like anomalies with no need for care on most subscales of the MCQ, particularly the ‘general negative beliefs about thoughts’ (NEG) subscale. However, most group differences became non-significant when anxiety and depression were controlled for. Few relationships were found between the MCQ subscales and psychotic-like anomalies and anomaly-related distress. Cognitive/attentional difficulty was the only type of anomaly to be significantly associated with maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Anomaly-related distress was associated with only the NEG subscale of the MCQ.ConclusionsMaladaptive metacognitive beliefs, as measured by the MCQ, appear to be related more to elevated levels of general psychopathology in psychotic and at-risk groups than to the presence of, and distress associated with, psychotic experiences. Processes by which metacognitions may impact upon the need for care are discussed.
CENTRE AND PERIPHERY IN THE EUROPEAN BOOK WORLD
Authors: Pettegree Andrew 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe rapid spread of print in the fifteenth century masks considerable difficulties that faced the industry in adapting to the new disciplines of mass production. Many early print shops were short-lived. Within two generations production of printed books was concentrated in a comparatively small number of major centres of production. This paper explores the implications of these developments for our understanding of the ‘print revolution’. It considers in particular the contrasting fortunes of three major markets: France, one of the largest centres of production; the Netherlands, a major hub of international trade; and England, which lay towards the periphery of the European book world.