bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does explicit contracting effectively link CEO compensation to environmental performance?
Authors: Cordeiro James J. , Sarkis Joseph 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEmpirical research in the area of corporate sustainability highlights potential conflicts between corporate financial performance and environmental performance. In such a situation, agency theory arguments applied to the corporate environmental context predict that top management compensation should be explicitly linked to environmental performance in order to bring about proper alignment of organizational environmental goals and management incentives. We test this proposition for a sample of 207 Standard & Poor 500 firms in the US in 1996 who explicitly report in Investor Responsibility Research Council (IRRC) surveys the presence or absence of a contractual link between environmental performance and executive compensation. We find that only in firms with an explicit linkage between environmental performance and executive contracts is there is any evidence of a significant impact of firm‐level environmental performance on CEO compensation levels. However, even this impact is not very impressive since (a) it holds only for IRRC compliance and spill indices and does not hold for IRRC toxic emission indices, and (b) even the effects for compliance and spill indices do not hold relative to industry levels of these indices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Exploring the dilemma of local sourcing versus international development – the case of the flower industry
Authors: Holt Diane , Watson Anna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the debate surrounding local versus international sourcing of retail products, particularly food and flowers, in light of the emerging carbon imperative. It begins by examining the Fairtrade market and then examines ‘food miles’ and carbon impact. The complexity of sourcing decisions when considering both international development issues and the emerging carbon agenda is considered using the case of the cut flower industry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
‘Who would take whose name?’ Accounts of naming practices in same‐sex relationships
Authors: Clarke Victoria , Burns Maree , Burgoyne Carole 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe practice of a woman assuming her husband's last name upon marriage is a deeply embedded norm in some countries. Whether or not individual heterosexual couples reproduce or resist this practice, it provides a context for making decisions about marital names. No conventions, other than heteronormative ones, govern naming practices in same‐sex relationships and families, but very little is known about name changing in these contexts. This paper reports an exploratory qualitative study of the ways in which 30 lesbians and gay men in committed relationships made meaning of name changing and keeping. Only one participant reported changing her last name, some considered name changing a future possibility, but most had no plans to change their name. The lack of conventions regarding naming in same‐sex families created a dilemma for some participants—who would take whose name? Many participants did not want to entirely give up their name, thus a hyphenated last name was the most popular option for those contemplating a name change. Accounts of name changing centred on doing/being family. This was also a theme in accounts of name keeping, along with maintaining a continuity of personal and professional identity, avoiding hassle, complications and confusion and resisting heteronormativity. The findings are discussed in relation to other research on naming in same‐sex families and research on heterosexual marital naming practices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immigration and femininity in Southern Europe: A gender‐based psychosocial analysis
Authors: González‐González J. M. , Zarco V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDespite the growing presence of female immigrants in Western countries, research on the subject highlights two important biases that hinder appropriate explanation of the migratory phenomenon and hence prevent adequate intervention. First, most of the research studies conducted so far focus on male migration; second, the macro‐social perspective has prevailed in these areas of study since socio‐economic and political aspects have taken centre stage in analyses on migratory phenomena, From a gender‐based psychosocial perspective, this study addresses the migration project of 53 women from different South American countries, the Maghreb region and Eastern Europe now living in Southern Spain. For this purpose we conducted 23 in‐depth interviews, and staged six discussion groups with the aim of elucidating to what extent gender‐based psychosocial beliefs—stereotypes, ideology and identity—determine women's migration process. Our results suggest that the main stages in the process—deciding to emigrate, itinerary for social and labour integration in the host country, and general assessment of the migration experience—are strongly influenced by psychosociological constructs which arise as a result of female gender‐typing or female profile. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of residential context on adolescents' Subjective Well being
Authors: Cicognani Elvira , Albanesi Cinzia , Zani Bruna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe study investigates the impact of residential context on stressful events and Subjective Well being (Emotional and Psychological) in young people living in a deprived geographical area, and the mediating role of personal (Self‐Efficacy) and social (Social Support, Sense of Community) variables. A questionnaire was submitted to 297 subjects (48.5% males): 203 adolescents (14–19 years old) and 94 young adults (20–27 years old), from different socio‐economic (SES) levels. Results confirm the significant impact of the residential context on youngsters' perceived residential quality, Stress and Subjective Well being outcomes; such effect partly differs according to participants' gender and age. Adolescents are less satisfied of their living context and enjoy lower well being than young adults. Social resources (Friend and Family Support) significantly buffer the effect of a deprived residential context of youngsters' Well being, whereas personal resources (Self‐Efficacy) directly increase Well being levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Oxa‐Bridged Macrocycles
Authors: Panten Johannes , Surburg Horst , Hölscher Bernd 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn creating new aroma molecules, the fragrance chemist can make use of several tools: receptor or combinatorial research as well as lead structure optimization of existing chemicals or substances from the natural pool. Sometimes, it is also possible to discover new structures via another way: the careful analysis of existing products and their production processes. In analyzing the production process of 1‐oxacyclohexadecan‐2‐one (6), we identified at least two new oxa‐bridged macrocyclic molecules. In continuation, these results inspired us to synthesize and evaluate more representatives with similar structures. In this contribution, presented at the RSC/SCI conference ‘flavours & fragrances 2007’ in London, September 24–26, 2007, the synthesis and olfactory properties of several new oxa‐bridged macrocycles will be introduced and discussed.
Synthesis of l‐Muscone by Asymmetric Methylation via Enol Esters
Authors: Matsuda Hiroyuki , Tanaka Shigeru , Yamamoto Kenichi , Ishida Kenya 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn effective synthetic route of l‐muscone (1) by asymmetric methylation, followed by enolate‐trapping to generate enol esters as intermediates, was described. Interestingly, the enol esters can be used as substrates for enzymatic optical resolution to improve optical purity. Additionally, several excellent new chiral ligands were discovered for asymmetric methylation of (E)‐cyclopentadec‐2‐enone to produce l‐muscone with high optical purity.
Marine Fragrance Chemistry
Authors: Hügel Helmut M. , Drevermann Britta , Lingham Anthony R. , Marriott Philip J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe main marine message in perfumery is projected by Calone 1951® (7‐methyl‐2H‐1,5‐benzodioxepin‐3(4H)‐one). Kraft (Givaudan) and Gaudin (Firmenich) further maximized the marine fragrance molecular membership by extending the carbon chain of the 7‐Me group. Our research targeted the polar group of the benzodioxepinone parent compound to investigate how this region of molecular makeup resonates with the dominant marine fragrance of the Calone 1951® structure. The olfactory evaluation of analogues prepared by chemical modification or removal of the CO group resulted in the introduction of aldehydic, sweet and floral‐fruity notes with a diluted/diminished potency of the marine odor. To further analyze the olfactory properties of benzodioxepinones containing a diverse range of aromatic ring substituents, a novel synthesis route was developed. We found that a 7‐alkyl group in Calone 1951® was essential for the maintenance of the significant marine odor characteristic, and our studies support the concept that the odorant structure occupying the hydrophobic binding pocket adjacent to the aromatic ring‐binding site of the olfactory receptor is pivotal in the design and discovery of more potent and characteristic marine fragrances. How the structure of benzodioxepinones connects to marine sea‐breeze fragrances is our continuing challenging research focus at the chemistry‐biology interface.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Olfactory Evaluation of 13‐Alkyl‐Substituted α‐Ionones
Authors: Luparia Marco , Boschetti Paolo , Piccinini Francesca , Porta Alessio , Zanoni Giuseppe , Vidari Giovanni 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTo study the influence of the steric bulk of the substituents at C(5) on the olfactory characteristics of α‐ionone, the (S)‐antipodes of compounds 8–10 were synthesized starting from (S)‐α‐cyclogeraniol (14a). The latter was available in useful preparative yield with 95% ee by enantioselective lipase‐PS‐mediated acetylation of the racemic mixture. Key step in the conversion of 14a to 8–10 was an SN2′‐type reaction of an organocuprate on the allylic phosphate 20, which appears to be a general method for the introduction of an alkyl substituent at the cyclohexene CC bond of ionones. Olfactory evaluation showed that, compared to the parent (S)‐α‐ionone (1), the odor strength and fragrance facets of the three analogues 8–10 are significantly influenced by the bulkiness of the substituent at C(13), giving further evidence that hydrophobic interactions of this group play a significant role in the chemoreception of ionones. In particular, the odor of the ethyl derivative 8 was found to be significantly stronger than that of the parent (S)‐α‐ionone (1).
The Search for Innovative Fragrant Molecules
Authors: Plessis Caroline 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn overview of the recent research subjects in the perfumery field and, more precisely the synthesis of novel compounds for the hesperidic family of odorants, is presented. The new derivatives possess very different structures; nevertheless, they all share an aldehydic odor, but with diverse nuances, which make them all attractive for different purposes.
New Norbornyl Derivatives as Woody Fragrant Materials
Authors: Muratore Agnès , Duñach Elisabet , Clinet Jean‐Claude , Plessis Caroline 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe optimization of a Diels–Alder reaction to prepare a novel ketone bearing a 2,3‐dimethylnorbornyl group is presented together with the structure elucidation of the isomers. Employing this new ketone as starting material, derivatives with new woody odor notes as well as attempts to obtain ambery‐musky odorants are reported.
Enzyme‐Triggered and Self‐Cleaving Fragrant Alcohol Precursors
Authors: Flachsmann Felix , Gautschi Markus , Bachmann Jean‐Pierre , Brunner Gerhard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe high volatility and water solubility of many natural perfumery alcohols leads to their rapid loss in fabric‐care and personal‐care applications. A dramatically enhanced substantivity is achieved by the use of fragrance precursors as controlled‐release systems. In the first part of this article, we present multi‐odorant precursors, in which the enzymatic cleavage of esters or carbonates of fragrant alcohols triggers subsequent steps leading to the release of fragrant ketones, lactones, and additional fragrant alcohols. In the second part, a study on oligocarbonates of fragrant alcohols is presented. Therein, the outstanding enzyme‐independent performance of gluconolactone oligocarbonate 27 for the long‐lasting release of (Z)‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol is highlighted. We show that these polyfunctional compounds undergo complex rearrangements and intramolecular substitution reactions which lead to the observed release kinetics.
‘Escentrıc’ Molecules
Authors: Schön Geza 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCan a fragrance be revolutionary? In this commentary, the creation of two unusual, extravagant fine fragrances, ‘escentrıc01’ and ‘molecule01’, is described. In response to the fantasy components found in release notes of many recent perfume launches, both center around a single real fragrance raw material, the transparent woody aroma chemical ‘Iso E Super’ (1+2). The perfume ‘escentrıc01’ contains 65% of it, accompanied by Trisamber (3), red pepper, lime oil, incense and musks, while ‘molecule01’ consists exclusively of ‘Iso E Super’ (1+2). The elegant woody note lives here its own eccentric life – the revolution starts.
From Virgin Education to Real Education
Authors: Laudamiel Christophe , Hornetz Christoph , Mookherjee Braja D. , Patel Subha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe now famous virgin headspace experiment from late Braja D. Mookherjee and Subha Patel, and its use in the creation of scent ‘Virgin N° 1’ by Christophe Laudamiel and Christoph Hornetz for the novel by Patrick Süskind, and the movie by Tom Tykwer ‘Perfume – The Story of a Murderer’ (Constantin Film – Thierry Mugler Parfums – IFF, 2006) is discussed. Another fragrance from the luxury coffret, ‘Salon Rouge’, is described as well, illustrating how molecules and natural ingredients can be utilized, not only to create innovative or artistic fragrance compositions, but also to provide fundamental consumer education, improving the public image both of Chemistry and Perfumery.
Instrumental and Sensory Approaches for the Characterization of Compounds Responsible for Wine Aroma
Authors: Barbe Jean‐Christophe , Pineau Bénédicte , Ferreira Antonio Cesar Silva 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMore than 800 aromatic compounds have been identified in wine, some of them at the ng/l level. Wine, therefore, constitutes a very complex matrix, from which it is difficult to isolate a specific aroma character. Gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) applied to wine extracts is used to characterize odor‐active zones that are often treated in a hierarchical way by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA). The aromatic impact of the volatiles is evaluated, generally by determining perception thresholds. This methodology has provided convincing results concerning wine flavors, but it does have its limitations. For instance, data on β‐damascenone have demonstrated that these methods could reach their limits for this volatile, in particular, because of the non‐quantitative representation of aroma extracts of wines, and because of the difficulty to accurately determine the perception threshold in wines for a compound already present. For β‐damascenone, we have shown that its very low detection threshold with GC–O, its wide range, and its dependence on the composition of the medium resulted in overestimating its direct impact on the aroma of wine. Another way to facilitate the characterization of aromatic compounds was, therefore, investigated. High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for the analysis of wine extracts. From an aromatic extract, 25 fractions with various flavors were thus obtained, and reverse‐phase methodology was used for the selection and characterization of red‐ and black‐fruit aromas in red wines.
Retronasal Perception of Odors
Authors: Hummel Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOdors often produce different sensations when presented in front of the nose or intraorally, when eaten. It is a long‐standing question whether these differences in sensations are due, for example, to the additional mechanical sensations elicited by the food in the mouth or additional odor release during mastication. To study this phenomenon in detail, a stimulation technique has been developed that allows controlled ortho‐ or retronasal presentation of odorous stimuli. Results from psychophysical, electrophysiological, and imaging studies suggest that there are clear differences in the perception of ortho‐ and retronasal stimuli. This ‘duality of the sense of smell’ is also observed in a clinical context where some patients exhibit good retronasal olfactory function with little or no orthonasal function left, and vice versa. The differences between ortho‐ and retronasal perception of odors are thought to be, at least partly, due to absorption of odors to the olfactory epithelium, which appears to differ in relation to the direction of the airflow across the olfactory epithelium.
Volatiles from Leaves and Rhizomes of Fragrant Acorus spp. (Acoraceae)
Authors: Du Zhizhi , Clery Robin A. , Hammond Christopher J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree horticultural selections of Acorus gramineus Soland were investigated to determine the chemical composition of their leaves and rhizomes. The variety ‘liquorice’ was found to contain methylchavicol (49%) which accounts for the unusual anisic odor of this variety, while β‐asarone was the main component of A. christophii (43%) and ‘yodo‐no‐yuki’ (20%). The results are compared with calamus oils, and the possible biosynthetic precursors of the main components methylchavicol and β‐asarone are considered.
OPRISK: A structured checklist assessing security needs for mentally disordered offenders referred to high security psychiatric hospital
Authors: Brown Christine S. H. , Lloyd Keith 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground More mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) are referred to secure psychiatric care settings than are accepted for admission. Psychiatrists working in different care settings may disagree on the appropriate level of security for MDOs, resulting in treatment delay. A pre‐admission structured assessment of security needs for MDOs may facilitate agreement and access to care.Aims To assess the predictive validity and reliability of a structured assessment of security need (OPRISK) in a prospective cohort of referrals to high security hospital.Method Operationalized criteria describing risk factors related to security need were used to develop OPRISK, an 18 item checklist. The predictive validity of OPRISK was assessed prospectively on the outcome of 140 referrals to Broadmoor high security hospital.Results Receiver operating characteristic curves of the predictive validity of OPRISK yielded an area under the curve of 0.765 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.686–0.844). Internal consistency (>0.75) and inter‐rater reliability (0.925) were high.Conclusion OPRISK makes the evidence for an MDO's security needs explicit, aiding communication across service settings and improving access to care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filicide: A comparative study of maternal versus paternal child homicide
Authors: Liem Marieke , Koenraadt Frans 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground Filicide is the murder of a child by a parent. Historically, filicide was regarded as a female crime, but nowadays, in the West, men have become increasingly likely to be convicted of killing their child. Previous research on filicide has primarily focussed on either maternal or paternal filicide rather than comparing the two.Aim The aim of our study is to examine and compare the socio‐demographic, environmental and psychopathological factors underlying maternal and paternal filicide.Methods Data were extracted from records in a forensic psychiatric observation hospital in Utrecht, in the Netherlands for the period 1953–2004.Results Seventy‐nine men and 82 women were detained in the hospital under criminal charges in that period, having killed (132) or attempted to kill (29) their own child(ren). Differences between men and women were found with regard to age, methods of killing and motivation underlying the filicide.Conclusions The categories of filicide identified corresponded to those in studies from other countries, indicating that filicide follows similar patterns throughout the Western world. The fact that 25% of fathers had killed in reaction to threatened separation or divorce, and that over a third of men and more than half of the women were mentally ill at the time may suggest that increased monitoring by primary care physicians under such circumstances might have preventive value. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of behavioural and personality differences between native and non‐native male adolescents in the Netherlands ordered into treatment in a forensic psychiatric outpatient clinic, and their non‐violent peers
Authors: Hornsveld Ruud H. J. , Cuperus Henriëtte , De Vries Edzard T. , Kraaimaat Floor W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground In a previous study of the dynamic criminogenic needs of violent outpatients we did not differentiate between native and non‐native adolescents, but differences between personality traits and problem behaviours may require adaptations to any treatment programme.Aim To compare, in the Netherlands, native and non‐native adolescents with and without a violence history on personality traits and problem behaviours.Methods Forty‐eight native and 71 non‐native violent male adolescents were recruited from consecutive referrals to a forensic outpatient clinic after a violent offence and compared with randomly selected male youths in secondary vocational schools, but without a violent history, 82 of whom were from Dutch and 79 from non‐Dutch descent. Each took part in an individual interview to complete a range of personality and behavioural rating scales.Results Native and non‐native adolescent outpatients did not differ from each other on any measure. Overall, the outpatients scored higher than the students on hostility but not aggressive behaviour, but there were differences within the student group according to descent, with the native students having higher agreeableness scores and lower hostility and aggressive behaviour scores than the students of non‐Dutch descent.Conclusion Our study suggested that any differences in behavioural or personality traits seen in the general adolescent population according to descent are not reflected in a violent offender group of similar age. It therefore seems unlikely to be necessary to run different treatment programmes for native and non‐native adolescent offenders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceptance areas for multivariate classification derived by projection methods
Authors: Pomerantsev Alexey L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the projection methods (PCA, PLS) two distance measures are of importance. They are the score distance (SD, a.k.a. leverage) and the orthogonal distance (OD, a.k.a. the residual variance). This paper shows that both distance measures can be modeled by the χ2‐distribution. Each model includes a scaling factor that can be described by an explicit equation. Moreover, the models depend on an unknown number of degrees of freedom, which have to be estimated using a training dataset. Such modeling is further applied to classification within the SIMCA framework, and various acceptance areas are built for a given significance level. A triangular area, constructed using the sum of the normalized SD and OD, is deemed to be the most practical. This theoretical notion is supported by three examples. The first is based on a simulated dataset, while the other two employ real world data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.