bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Lip Response to Four First Premolar Extractions in White Female Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Hodges Andrew , Rossouw Paul Emile , Campbell Phillip M. , Boley Jim C. , Alexander Richard A. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To develop models for predicting changes in lip position of Class I extraction patients.
Materials and Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 46 white female adults and 109 white female adolescents were examined. Mean pretreatment ages for the adolescent and adult groups were 12.2 ± 1.2 years and 23.0 ± 8.5 years, respectively. Subjects were treated with conventional edgewise mechanics. Multivariate prediction models were derived from a randomly selected sample of 119 subjects and validated on the remaining 36 subjects.
Results: Adolescents demonstrated significant vertical and horizontal skeletal growth and treatment changes, while adults showed only small increases in anterior face height. While significant retraction of the upper and lower incisors occurred in both groups, the amounts were greater in adults than in adolescents. Ratios for horizontal hard tissue to soft tissue movements ranged from 1.4:1 to 1.1:1 and 1.3:1 to 1:1 for the upper (Ls) and lower (Li) lips, respectively. There were moderate relationships between horizontal lip and underlying hard tissue movements (correlations ranged from .57 to .78 for Ls and from .58 to .86 for Li). Multiple regressions to predict lip movements showed moderately strong relationships for the upper lip (R = .79 to .81) and strong relationships for the lower lip (R = .89 to .90). Two to three variables were necessary to predict vertical lip movements (R = .82 to .87). The validation sample showed no systematic biases and similar levels of accuracy.
Conclusions: Upper and lower lip retraction in four first premolar extraction cases can be predicted with moderately high levels of accuracy in white female adolescents and adults.
Forces Produced by Different Nonconventional Bracket or Ligature Systems during Alignment of Apically Displaced Teeth
Authors: Baccetti Tiziano , Franchi Lorenzo , Camporesi Matteo , Defraia Efisio , Barbato Ersilia 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the forces released by four types of passive stainless steel self-ligating brackets (SLBs), and by two nonconventional elastomeric ligature-bracket systems when compared with conventional elastomeric ligatures on conventional stainless steel brackets during the alignment of apically displaced teeth at the maxillary arch.
Materials and Methods: An experimental model consisting of five brackets was used to assess the forces released by the seven different ligature-bracket systems with 0.012″ or 0.014″ superelastic nickel titanium wire in the presence of different amounts of apical displacement of the canine (ranging from 1.5 mm to 6 mm). Comparisons between the different types of bracket/wire/ ligature systems were carried out by means of ANOVA on ranks with Dunnett's post hoc test (P &lt; .05).
Results: When correction of a misalignment greater than 3 mm is attempted, a noticeable amount of force for alignment is generated by passive SLBs and nonconventional elastomeric ligature-bracket systems, and a null amount of force is released in the presence of conventional elastomeric ligatures on conventional brackets.
Conclusions: When minimal apical displacement is needed (1.5 mm), the differences in performance between low-friction and conventional systems are minimal. These differences become significant when correction of a misalignment of greater than 3.0 mm is attempted.
Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Nilforoushan Dorrin , Manolson Morris Frank 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To investigate differential expression of NOS isoforms in periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone in tension and pressure sides using a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry with NOS isoform (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS) antibodies was performed on horizontal sections of the first maxillary molars subjected to 3 and 24 hours of OTM. The PDL and adjacent osteocytes of the distopalatal root at pressure and tension areas were analyzed for expression of these proteins. The contralateral molar served as a control. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and with two-way ANOVA.
Results: Expression of all isoforms was increased in the tension side. iNOS and nNOS expression in the pressure side with cell-free zone was decreased but in the pressure side without cell-free zone was increased. The number of eNOS-positive cells did not change, but the intensity of the staining was visibly increased in the tension side. Duration of OTM changed only the pattern of nNOS expression. Osteocyte NOS expression did not change significantly in response to OTM.
Conclusions: All NOS isoforms are involved in OTM with different expression patterns between tension and pressure sides, with nNOS being more involved in early OTM events. NOS expression did not change in osteocytes, suggesting that PDL cells rather than osteocytes are the mechanosensors in early OTM events with regard to NO signaling.
Enhanced Degree of Monomer Conversion of Orthodontic Adhesives Using a Glass-Fiber Layer under the Bracket
Authors: Shinya Makiha , Shinya Akikazu , Lassila Lippo V. J. , Varrela Juha , Vallittu Pekka K. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the degree of conversion (DC%) of orthodontic composites during the light-curing process with or without the use of a glass-fiber reinforcement.
Materials and Methods: Two light-curing orthodontic adhesives, Transbond XT (TB) and Beauty Ortho Bond (BO), were used with woven preimpregnated glass fibers. The degree of monomer conversion was determined for both adhesives in three settings (n = 5 per group): in the first group, the adhesive was cured without a bracket (control); in the second group, the bracket was bonded using adhesive without fiber reinforcement; and in the third group, a layer of glass-fiber net was added between the bracket and resin. The adhesive resin was light cured, and the DC% was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Results: A two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the DC% (P &lt; .001) between adhesives and between the fiber-reinforced and nonreinforced groups. When the nonreinforced adhesives were light cured under the brackets, the DC% was significantly lower (TB: 37.0%, SD 3.4; BO: 36.9%, SD 1.9) compared with the control (TB: 54.7%, SD 0.6; BO: 65.9%, SD 0.5). A higher DC% was found when the resin was light cured in the presence of a glass-fiber net (TB: 44.1%, SD 0.3; BO: 55.3%, SD 1.7).
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The degree of monomer conversion of the light-curing adhesive resin under stainless steel bracket can be improved by adding a thin layer of glass-fiber–reinforced composite between the bracket and adhesive resin.
Third Molar Agenesis and Craniofacial Morphology
Authors: Sánchez María José , Vicente Ascensión , Bravo Luis Alberto 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that agenesis of wisdom teeth is not related with any particular craniofacial morphology.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-seven patients (aged 13–19 years) were selected and divided into three groups: (1) bilateral agenesis of maxillary third molars, (2) bilateral agenesis of mandibular third molars, and (3) control group without agenesis. Presence or absence of third molars was determined using ortopantomographs. Cephalometric analysis was carried out from lateral teleradiographs, which included linear, angular, and proportional measurements. When data obtained were distributed normally it was analyzed by means of single-factor variance analysis and the Scheffé test (P &lt; .05). When data did not show normality, the Kruskal-Wallis test (P &lt; .05) and the Mann-Whitney test were applied using Bonferroni correction (P &lt; .017). Multivariance discrimination analysis was also carried out.
Results: Values obtained for the mandibular plain of Groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of the Control Group (P =.00 and P =.00, respectively). For Group 2 lower face height was significantly less than for the control group (P =.01), whilst the mandibular arch and the articular angle were significantly greater than in the Control Group (P =.000 and P = .02, respectively). Multivariance discrimination analysis obtained a correct classification in 58.8% of cases.
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. Agenesis of the maxillary third molars was related to a reduced mandibular plane angle. Patients with agenesis of the mandibular third molars showed a diminished lower third and a mandibular morphology characteristic of the brachyfacial pattern.
Comparison of Hand-Traced and Computer-Based Cephalometric Superimpositions
Authors: Huja S. S. , Grubaugh E. L. , Rummel A. M. , Fields H. W. , Beck F. M. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To determine the ability to produce comparable superimpositions using hand tracing and digital methods (Dolphin v10). In addition, if the two methods were comparable, we wanted to determine if a difference existed between the best-fit cranial base superimposition and S-N superimpositions using the digital method.
Methods and Materials: Sixty-four initial (T1) and final (T2) cephalometric film radiographs were obtained. Cranial base and regional superimpositions were completed independently for each pair of radiographs by either hand tracing and digital methods. To quantitatively evaluate the differences between the two methods, the hand and digital superimpositions were digitized to obtain x-y coordinates of routine cephalometric landmarks at T2. Linear distance between multiple corresponding (hand and digital) T2 cephalometric landmark locations (e.g., A point) were measured and defined as the T2 landmark distance (T2 LD). Additionally, 61 patient records were used to compare the digital method for best-fit cranial base superimpositions versus S-N superimpositions. A Friedman test was applied to examine for differences.
Results: The upper 95% confidence limit for the mean of the T2 LD for hand and digital superimposition methods was &lt;1 mm for all landmarks except maxillary incisor tip and apex. The upper 95% confidence interval for best-fit vs S-N was &gt;1 mm for most landmarks.
Conclusion: This study validates the use of superimpositions produced by Dolphin Imaging version 10 and is a necessary step forward toward widespread acceptance of digital superimpositions.
Frictional Resistance in Self-Ligating Orthodontic Brackets and Conventionally Ligated Brackets
Authors: Ehsani Sayeh , Mandich Marie-Alice , El-Bialy Tarek H. , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To compare the amount of expressed frictional resistance between orthodontic self-ligating brackets and conventionally ligated brackets in vitro as reported in the literature.
Methods: Several electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched without limits. In vitro studies that addressed friction of self-ligating brackets compared with conventionally ligated brackets were selected and reviewed. In addition, a search was performed by going through the reference lists of the selected articles to identify any paper that could have been missed by the electronic searches.
Results: A total of 70 papers from the electronic database searches and 3 papers from the secondary search were initially obtained. After applying the selection criteria, only 19 papers were included in this review. A wide range of methods were applied.
Conclusions: Compared with conventional brackets, self-ligating brackets produce lower friction when coupled with small round archwires in the absence of tipping and/or torque in an ideally aligned arch. Sufficient evidence was not found to claim that with large rectangular wires, in the presence of tipping and/or torque and in arches with considerable malocclusion, self-ligating brackets produce lower friction compared with conventional brackets.
Shear Bond Strength of Ceramic Brackets with Different Base Designs to Feldspathic Porcelains
Authors: Samruajbenjakul Buncha , Kukiattrakoon Boonlert 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the there is no difference between the shear bond strengths of different base designs of ceramic brackets bonded to glazed feldspathic porcelains.
Materials and Methods: Forty glazed feldspathic porcelain specimens (15 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness) were prepared and divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Ten pieces of each group of different ceramic bracket base designs (beads, large round pits, and irregular base) and one group of stainless steel brackets (served as a control) were bonded to glazed feldspathic porcelains under a 200 gram load. Then all samples were subjected to shear bond strength evaluation with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.2 mm/min. Data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test at a .05 significance level. The mode of failure after debonding was examined under a stereoscope.
Results: This study revealed that the beads base design had the greatest shear bond strength (24.7 ± 1.9 MPa) and was significantly different from the large round pits base (21.3 ± 2 MPa), irregular base (19.2 ± 2.0 MPa), and metal mesh base (15.2 ± 2.4 MPa). The beads base design had 100% porcelain-adhesive failure, the large round pits had 100% bracket-adhesive failure, and the irregular base design had 70% combination failure and 30% porcelain-adhesive failure.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. The various base designs of metal and ceramic brackets influence bond strength to glazed feldspathic porcelain, but all should be clinically acceptable.
Shear Bond Strength of Brackets Rebonded with a Fluoride-Releasing and -Recharging Adhesive System
Authors: Endo Toshiya , Ozoe Rieko , Shinkai Koichi , Aoyagi Makiko , Kurokawa Hiroomi , Katoh Yoshiroh , Shimooka Shohachi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: To ascertain the effects of repeated bonding on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a fluoride-releasing and -recharging adhesive system with a self-etching primer in comparison with two other types of adhesive system.
Materials and Methods: A total of 48 premolars were collected and divided equally into three groups of 16. Each group was assigned one of three adhesive systems: Transbond XT, Transbond Plus, or a fluoride-releasing and -recharging adhesive system, Beauty Ortho Bond. Shear bond strength was measured 24 hours after bracket bonding, with the bonding/debonding procedures repeated twice after the first debonding. A universal testing machine was used to determine shear bond strengths, and bracket/adhesive failure modes were evaluated with the adhesive remnant index after each debonding.
Results: At every debonding sequence, all of these three adhesive systems had a shear bond strength of 6 MPa, which is a minimum requirement for clinical use. Transbond XT and Transbond Plus had significantly higher mean shear bond strengths than did Beauty Ortho Bond at each debonding. No significant differences in mean bond strength were observed between the three debondings in each adhesive system. Bond failure at the enamel/adhesive interface occurred more frequently in Beauty Ortho Bond than in Transbond XT or Transbond Plus.
Conclusions: The fluoride-releasing and -recharging adhesive system with the self-etching primer (Beauty Ortho Bond) had clinically sufficient shear bond strength in repeated bracket bonding; this finding can help orthodontists to decrease the risk of damage to enamel at debonding.
Developmental Changes in Pharyngeal Airway Depth and Hyoid Bone Position from Childhood to Young Adulthood
Authors: Sheng Chang-Min , Lin Li-Hsiang , Su Yu , Tsai Hung-Huey 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective: (1) To test the hypothesis that there are no developmental changes in the pharyngeal airway depth and hyoid bone position from childhood to adulthood in normal Taiwanese persons, (2) to identify any sexual dimorphism, and (3) to find the predictive value of selective variables for the hyoid bone position.
Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 239 normal Taiwanese (132 females and 107 males; aged 7–27 years) were separated into three stages according to dental age. Twenty-three linear and 20 angular measurements were made in all subjects. Sexual dimorphism was analyzed by Student's t-test. Analysis of variance was used to compare the three stages in both genders. A stepwise regression analysis was carried out to predict the hyoid bone position. The level of significance for all analyses was set at P &lt; .05.
Results: The pharyngeal airway depth increased from the mixed dentition stage to the permanent dentition stage in both genders. There was sexual dimorphism in the lower pharyngeal airway depth. The hyoid bone position showed an obvious difference in the permanent dentition stages between genders. The vertical position of the hyoid bone was associated with the mandibular morphology and position, but the relationship in males was reversed compared with that in females.
Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. There are developmental changes in the pharyngeal airway depth and hyoid position from childhood to young adulthood. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the lower pharyngeal airway and the direction of change in the vertical position of the hyoid bone.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk for Incident Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia
Authors: Raffaitin Christelle , Gin Henri , Empana Jean-Philippe , Helmer Catherine , Berr Claudine , Tzourio Christophe , Portet Florence , Dartigues Jean-François , Alpérovitch Annick , Barberger-Gateau Pascale 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Associations between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with risk of incident dementia and its different subtypes are inconsistent.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The 7,087 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥65 years were recruited from the French Three-City (3C) cohort. Hazard ratios (over 4 years) of incident dementia and its subtypes (vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease) and association with metabolic syndrome (defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and its individual components (hypertension, large waist circumference, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated fasting glycemia) were estimated in separate Cox proportional hazard models.
RESULTS—Metabolic syndrome was present in 15.8% of the study participants. The presence of metabolic syndrome increased the risk of incident vascular dementia but not Alzheimer's disease over 4 years, independent of sociodemographic characteristics and the apolipoprotein (apo) Eε4 allele. High triglyceride level was the only component of metabolic syndrome that was significantly associated with the incidence of all-cause (hazard ratio 1.45 [95% CI 1.05–2.00]; P = 0.02) and vascular (2.27 [1.16–4.42]; P = 0.02) dementia, even after adjustment of the apoE genotype. Diabetes, but not impaired fasting glycemia, was significantly associated with all-cause (1.58 [1.05–2.38]; P = 0.03) and vascular (2.53 [1.15–5.66]; P = 0.03) dementia.
CONCLUSIONS—The observed relation between high triglycerides, diabetes, and vascular dementia emphasizes the need for detection and treatment of vascular risk factors in older individuals in order to prevent the likelihood of clinical dementia.
Comparison of Once- Versus Twice-Daily Administration of Insulin Detemir, Used With Mealtime Insulin Aspart, in Basal-Bolus Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Le Floch Jean-Pierre , Lévy Marc , Mosnier-Pudar Helen , Nobels Frank , Laroche Sylvie , Gonbert Sophie , Eschwege Eveline , Fontaine Pierre ,   The Assessment of Detemir Administration in a Progressive Treat-to-Target Trial (ADAPT) Study Group
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare effects of insulin detemir once daily versus twice a day in a basal-bolus insulin regimen.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this open-label, 7-month study, 520 patients with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive detemir once daily or twice daily with mealtime insulin aspart. Insulin doses were titrated over 1 month, with patients followed up over the subsequent 3 months. Thereafter, patients were able to switch from one regimen to the other, with an additional nonrandomized 3-month follow-up, to a total of 7 months. The primary end point was A1C at 4 months, with noninferiority defined as a difference &lt;0.4% between groups.
RESULTS—A1C at 4 months was 8.1 ± 0.9 versus 8.0 ± 1.0% with once- and twice-daily detemir, respectively, with an adjusted between-group difference of 0.12% (95% CI −0.01 to 0.25%), showing noninferiority for once-daily dosing. Similar results were found in the per protocol population. Improvement in A1C was similar in both groups (−0.4 ± 0.8 vs. −0.5 ± 0.8%; P = 0.09, NS) but with differences in the 7-point glucose profile. Detemir doses were lower (29 ± 18 vs. 39 ± 20 units/day, P &lt; 0.001), but aspart doses were higher (34 ± 17 vs. 26 ± 14 IU/day, P &lt; 0.001) with once-daily detemir. At 7 months, A1C decreased slightly in patients switched from once-daily to twice-daily administration (8.2 ± 0.8 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8%; P = 0.34, NS) in association with increased total insulin doses (P &lt; 0.05), but A1C increased in those switched from twice-daily to once-daily administration (7.2 ± 0.9 vs. 7.6 ± 0.8%, P &lt; 0.05) in association with decreased doses (P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—Although some individuals may benefit from twice-daily dosing, the most suitable routine starting schedule for detemir in a basal-bolus regimen for type 1 diabetes is once-daily injection.
Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Its Potential Relevance to the Variation in Susceptibility to the Renal and Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Earle Kenneth A. , Harry Diane , Madhavi Mitra , Zitouni Karima , Barron Jeffrey 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—We compared the renal and systemic vascular (renovascular) response to a reduction of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy and of African and Caucasian heritage.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Under euglycemic conditions, renal blood flow was determined by a constant infusion of paraminohippurate and changes in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance estimated before and after an infusion of l-Ng-monomethyl-l-arginine.
RESULTS—In the African-heritage group, there was a significant fall in renal blood flow (Δ−46.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P &lt; 0.05) and rise in systolic blood pressure (Δ10.0 mmHg [95% CI 2.3–17.9]; P = 0.017), which correlated with an increase in renal vascular resistance (r2 = 0.77; P = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS—The renal vasoconstrictive response associated with NO synthase inhibition in this study may be of relevance to the observed vulnerability to renal injury in patients of African heritage.