bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual language and software development environment for image processing
Authors: Rasure John , Argiro Danielle , Sauer Tom , Williams Carla 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Khoros system integrates multiple user interface modes, code generators, instructional aids, data visualization, and information processing to produce a comprehensive image processing research tool. This system can easily be tailored to other application domains because the tools of the system can modify themselves as well as the system. This attribute is important in a system that is designed to be extensible and portable. The Khoros infrastructure consists of three major components: a high‐level user interface specification, methods of software development embedded in a code generation tool set, and an interoperable data exchange format and algorithm library. These basic facilities have been used to build a set of applications for performing image processing research, algorithm development, and data visualization. One of the most powerful features of the system is its high‐level abstract visual language. Khoros is a successful demonstration of how development programming, end‐user applications programming, information processing, data display, instruction, documentation, and maintenance can be integrated to build a state‐of‐the‐art image/data processing and visualization software environment.
Aspect graphs: An introduction and survey of recent results
Authors: Bowyer Kevin W. , Dyer Charles R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe study of the aspect graph of a three‐dimensional object has recently become an active area of research in computer vision. The aspect graph provides a complete enumeration of all possible distinct views of an object, given a model for viewpoint space and a definition for “distinct.” This article presents a tutorial introduction to the aspect graph, surveys the current state of the art in algorithms for automatically constructing aspect graphs, and describes some possible applications of aspect graphs in computer vision and computer graphics.
Determination of attenuation‐velocity products in a layered homogeneous medium
Authors: Nodar Joseph , Ho Bong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAttenuation imaging has the promise to become a measurement technique for ultrasound imaging systems more sophisticated than those we currently possess; however, the difficulties in using the presently available methods tend to limit this potential for the non‐specialist. In our recent work, we have investigated the attenuation imaging problem, and have had some success with an alternative technique, namely, attenuation‐velocity product imaging. In certain cases this can be an acceptable substitute for purely attenuation imaging, particularly for the soft tissues encountered in some diagnostic medical situations where the acoustic velocities of the various layers are all of approximately the same value. This article discusses our technique in detail, beginning with fundamental considerations. We make no unreasonable assumptions about the object under study, and yet are able to show the uniqueness of the solution and also deal effectively with the problem of multiple reflections. The data encountered in this experimental configuration have several intriguing properties, which allow us to draw some conclusions about acoustic imaging in general.
High resolution imaging spectrometer (Hiris): Science and instrument
Authors: Goetz Alexander F. H. , Davis Curtiss O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (HIRIS) is a facility instrument slated for flight on the second of the EOS‐A series of platforms. HIRIS is designed to acquire 24‐km wide, 30‐m pixel images in 192 spectral bands simultaneously in the 0.4–2.45‐μm wavelength region. With pointing mirrors it can sample any place on Earth, except the poles, every two days. HIRIS operates at the intermediate scale between the human and the global and therefore links studies of Earth surface processes to global monitoring carried out by lower‐resolution instruments. So far, over 50 science data products from HIRIS images have been identified in the fields of atmospheric gases, clouds, snow and ice, water, vegetation, and rocks and soils. The key attribute of imaging spectrometry that makes it possible to derive quantitative information from the data is the large number of contiguous spectral bands. Therefore spectrum matching techniques can be applied. Such techniques are not possible with present‐day, multispectral scanner data.
Surface modeling using deformable templates
Authors: Wang Y. F. , Wang Jih‐Fang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a simple technique to model the structures and behaviors of flexible, elastic objects. We use an imaginary elastic wire frame, which is made of membranous, thin‐plate–type material, to model the surface structures of flexible objects. We demonstrate that in computational vision, such a flexible wire frame can be used for visual surface reconstruction with the structured‐light sensing technique. In graphic animation, we allow animation sequences to be generated automatically between prespecified key frames, the surface structures of which are described by our flexible mode. Furthermore, we allow collisions of objects' trajectories so that interactions of multiple flexible objects can be simulated. We believe that our technique is widely applicable in many computational vision and graphic animation processes.
Experiments with symmetrized intensity‐based dynamic programming algorithms for reconstructing digital terrain model
Authors: Gimel'Farb G. L. , Krot V. M. , Grigorenko M. V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe dynamic programming algorithms that are derived on the basis of symmatrized probabilistic models of the terrain and stereo pair and reconstruct the digital terrain model from the ideal horizontal stereo pair as a bunch of planar epipolar profiles. The algorithms show good performance under nonuniform intensity distortions over both images in the stereo pair and can be used both for the long‐range and close‐range computer binocular stereo vision. Experimental results for some real stereo images of the Earth's surface are presented.
Generalized quantization as an effective image coding method
Authors: Epanechnikov V. Yu. , Tsukkerman I. I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral methods of generalized image quantization, being an ϵ‐network reduction with the use of visual perception limits, are discussed. The corresponding digital image transformations provide an effective image coding with the following image transmission through communication channels and its storage in the database.
Recurrent retrieval of the coherent light field phase
Authors: Kotlyar V. V. , Soifer V. A. , Filippov S. V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe propose and discuss discrete recurrent algorithms for the retrieval of coherent light fields phase from measurement data of the intensity distribution of their spatial spectra. It is shown that the amplitude‐only and the phase‐only light fields are retrieved uniquely from the modules of their Fourier spectrum while, introducing in that fields the phase and amplitude masks respectively, satisfying certain conditions. Arbitrary amplitude‐phase light fields are retrieved from two modules measurements of their Fourier spectrum, namely, before and after introducing the amplitude‐phase masks.
Curvature‐based nonrigid motion analysis from three‐dimensional correspondences
Authors: Mishra Sanjoy K. , Kambhamettu Chandra , Goldgof Dimitry B. , Huang Thomas S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a curvature‐based approach for estimating nonrigid motion of moving surfaces. We deal with conformal motion, which can be characterized by stretching of the surface. At each point, this stretching is equal in all directions but different for different points. The stretching function can be defined as additional (with global translation and rotation) motion parameter. We present a new algorithm for local stretching recovery from Gaussian curvature, based on polynomial (linear and quadratic) approximations of the stretching function. It requires point correspondences between time frames but not the complete knowledge of nonrigid transformation. Experiments on simulated and real data are performed to illustrate performance and accuracy of derived algorithms. Noise sensitivity of the algorithm is also evaluated using Gaussian noise on simulated data.©1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Data compression using the deconvolution algorithm CLEAN
Authors: Cohen Nathan , Sandri Guido 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe an application of the nonlinear deconvolution algorithm CLEAN in which a priori knowledge of the point‐spread function allows transmission of nonredundant information. We refer to this as CLEAN compression. The point‐spread function is viewed as a redundancy function. The data set may be regarded as a convolution of the nonredundant information with the redundancy function. Since the nonredundant data is a small subset of the overall data set, images or telecommunication messages may be transmitted over narrowband channels using CLEAN. Effective analog data compression is maximized; the analog signal may be significantly compressed with CLEAN even before any additional compression or digital encoding algorithms are applied.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Data from orbiting navigation satellites for tomographic reconstruction
Authors: Leitinger R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSo far, orbiting navigation satellites are the only source for primary data in ionospheric tomography. Phase difference measurements give the input for tomographic reconstruction. Except for a constant, the initial phase difference value, the data can be considered to be the line integral of electron density along the straight line from the satellite to a ground based receiver (“slant electron content”). In ionospheric physics a projection onto the vertical is used: (vertical) electron content (TEC). Many investigations have been based on this quantity alone. This work discusses some of the propeties of the measured data (instrumental and “ionospheric” limitations in section II), and the role of TEC evaluation assumptions (“mean ionospheric height” and initial phase constant, in section III). Some of the problems inherent in ionospheric tomography using orbiting navigation satellites are discussed by means of model calculations (section IV). The models are mathematically defined two‐dimensional electron density distributions that are used to calculate the latitude dependence of both slant and vertical TEC. Among others, the model calculations are useful in showing that strongly different electron density distributions can lead to similar electron contents. Tomographic reconstruction would probably not be able to distinguish between the different distributions, which leads to the recommendation to incorporate additional data in the reconstruction process. It is well known, and reflected in the model electron contents, that without additional data tomographic reconstruction is not accurate in height determination. Layer height variations with latitude, however, can have a strong influence on slant and vertical electron content.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Grand alliance MPEG‐2‐based video decoder with parallel processing architecture
Authors: Challapali Kiran , Cavallerano Alan , Shen Richard , Akiwumi‐Assani Olu , Cugnini Aldo , Basile Carlo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA practical and unique hardware architecture for video bitstream source decoding and video postprocessing of a Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG‐2)‐based high‐definition television (HDTV) compressed bitstream has been implemented to impose minimal limitations on the video source coding algorithm. The Grand Alliance (GA) MPEG‐2‐based HDTV codec achieves a high degree of source and channel coding efficiency while preserving the delivery of high‐resoultion picture quality in a variety of video input and output formats in bandwidth‐limited channels. The video source decoder hardware architecture necessary to achieve the data decoding and ensuing video postprocessing poses numerous technologic challenges to the system designer, who must tradeoff minimizing codec constraints with the eventual commercialization of a video decoder for a consumer television receiver product. The powerful and flexible coding algorithm necessary to satisfy the HDTV picture quality and transmission channel bandwidth limitation requirements results in an encoder‐output bitstream that necessitates high throughout decoding. Although the transmitted bitstream is of constant rate due to rate buffering, bistreams internal to the codec are both peaky and bursty. An intelligent distributive parallel processing decoding architecture has been developed to dynamically partition the MPEG‐2 bitstream into a number of decodable subset bitstreams, while placing minimal constraints on the encoding algorithm. This architecture allows for high‐speed, efficient decoding of the bitstream, and can be a prelude to the development of a cost‐effective consumer product. Further architecture refinements can be explored, including implementation in VLSI.
Nuclear cysteine‐protease involved in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization is ubiquitously distributed during sea urchin development
Authors: Gourdet Claudia , Iribarren Claudio , Morin Violeta , Bustos Paula , Puchi Marcia , Imschenetzky Maria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPreviously we have identified a cysteine‐protease involved in male chromatin remodeling which segregates into the nuclei of the two blastomeres at the first cleavage division. Here we have investigated the fate of this protease during early embryogenesis by immunodetecting this protein with antibodies elicited against its N‐terminal sequence. As shown in this report, the major 60 kDa active form of this protease was found to be present in the extracts of chromosomal proteins obtained from all developmental stages analyzed. In morula and gastrula the 70 kDa inactive precursor, which corresponds to the major form of the zymogen found in unfertilized eggs, was detected. In plutei larvas, the major 60 kDa form of this enzyme was found together with a higher molecular weight precursor (90 kDa) which is consistent with the less abundant zymogen primarily detected in unfertilized eggs. As reported here, either the active protease or its zymogens were visualized in most of the embryonic territories indicating that this enzyme lacks a specific pattern of spatial‐temporal developmental segregation. Taken together our results indicate that this protease persists in the embryo and is ubiquitously distributed up to larval stages of development, either as an active enzyme and/or as an inactive precursor. These results suggest that this enzyme may display yet unknown functions during embryonic development that complement its role in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1–8, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells into hepatocytes induced by conditioned culture medium of hepatocytes
Authors: Chen Ye , Dong Xue‐Jun , Zhang Guo‐Rong , Shao Jian‐Zhong , Xiang Li‐Xin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe differentiation potential of adult stem cells has long been believed to be limited to the tissue or germ layer of their origin. However, recent studies have demonstrated that adult stem cells may encompass a greater potential than once thought. In the present study, we examined whether murine bone marrow derived stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) are able to differentiate into functional hepatocytes in vitro. BMSSCs were isolated from murine femora and tibiae, and the mesodermal multilineage differentiation potentials of these cells were functionally characterized. To effectively induce hepatic differentiation, we designed a novel protocol by using hepatocyte‐conditioned medium. Hepatic differentiation from mouse BMSSCs was examined by a variety of assays at morphological and molecular levels. Morphologically, mouse BMSSCs became round and epithelioid, binucleated after induction. Differentiated cells were harvested on Days 0, 10, and 20 and subjected to examination of hepatocyte characteristics by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunocytochemistry. We detected AFP, HNF‐3β, CK19, CK18, ALB, TAT, and G‐6‐Pase at the mRNA and/or protein levels, hepatocyte‐like cells by culture in conditioned medium further demonstrated in vitro functions characteristic of liver cells, including glycogen storage, and urea secretion. Moreover, transplantation of the differentiated cells into liver‐injured mice partially restored serum albumin level and significantly suppressed transaminase activity. Our findings indicated the transdifferentiation potential of mouse BMSSCs developing into the functional hepatocyte‐like cells by conditioned culture medium and, hence, may serve as a model system for the study of mechanisms involved in the transdifferentiation, and a cell source for cell therapy of hepatic diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 52–63, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The state of the art of clinical gene diagnosis
Authors: Gillespie David H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGene diagnosis is defined and evaluated in light of existing methods of clinical diagnosis. Gene diagnosis for diseases caused by somatic or inherited mutations is more powerful than existing clinical methods, but the state of this art is too cumbersome and expensive for routine diagnosis. Gene diagnosis for infectious disease is more specific than existing detection methods, but usually is not yet as sensitive as culture or as advanced. The format for both forms of gene diagnosis will evolve to liquid hybridization followed by a “dot” format for evaluating results.
A new technique for the detection of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in hematopoietic cells by flow cytofluorometry
Authors: Ahearn Michael J. , Bator Jenny M. , Stass Sanford S. , Trujillo Jose M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe identification and quantitation of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins has become a useful tool in the clinical laboratory evaluation of neoplastic cells from patients with lymphocytic leukemia. Currently, the vast majority of these studies are made by fluorescent microscopy using cytocentrifuge preparations. In the present communication we report a new procedure for rapid flow cytofluorometric analysis of intra‐cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. This technique, utilizing a primary fixation step, permits maximal penetration of labeled antibody while preserving plasma membrane integrity and high retention of intracellular target proteins. These attributes contribute to a rapid yet accurate procedure for quantitating intracellular immunoglobulins which is potentially superior to any method currently utilized. Although the emphasis of this investigation has been on the labeling of intra‐cytoplasmic μ chain, continuing studies in our laboratory indicate that the technique provides a sensitive method for detecting a variety of intracellular antigens.
A comparison of three assays for prediction of clinical response to chemotherapy
Authors: Stratton Joan A. , Braly Patricia S. , Disaia Philip J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTumors from 30 patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies were evaluated for sensitivity or resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents by three laboratory assays: the subrenal capsule (SRC) assay, the stem cell clonogenic (SCC) assay, and a delayed [3H]TdR incorporation ([3H]TdR) assay. The tumors were tested against a standard battery of chemotherapeutic drugs; 39% of the tumors were sensitive to one or more of these agents in the SRC assay compared to only 24% in the [3H]TdR assay and 4% in the SCC assay. Eighteen of the patients had adequate follow‐up to correlate their clinical course to the assay predictions. In this study, the prospective predictive accuracy (sensitivity) of the SRC assay was 100% compared to 25% for the [3H]TdR assay and 0% for the SCC assay. The respective specificities were 63, 73, and 80%. The SRC assay appeared to predict clinical response for gynecologic malignancies more accurately than either the [3H]TdR or the SCC assay.
Validation of an enzyme immunoassay for human choriogonadotropin as a tumor marker test
Authors: Birdsong Bailey A. , Fritsche Herbert A. , Liu Frank J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have evaluated a commercially available enzyme immunoassay for the determination of human choriogonadotropin (HCG) in human serum. The polyclonal antiserum to the β subunit of HCG was found to have less than 1.0% cross‐reaction with lutropin (LH). The sensitivity of the assay was 1.0 mlU/ml, and the precision of the method, as measured by the coefficient of variation, was 3.8% at x̄ = 12.8 mlu/ml and 5.4% at x̄ = 66.3 mlu/ml. The upper limit of normal for the method, based on the 95th percentile, was as follows: men: <1.0 mlU/ml; premenopausal women: <1.7 mlU/ml; postmenopausal women: <3.9 mlU/ml. A method comparison study of 132 patient samples (radioimmunoassay vs enzyme immunoassay) gave a correlation coefficient of 0.959, with a slope of 0.963 and a y intercept of –0.683. A total of 422 enzyme immunoassays were performed on serial serum specimens collected from 42 patients with various clinical conditions associated with serum HCG abnormality. Excellent correlation was observed between the serial HCG pattern and the clinical course of the patients. The clinical correlations demonstrated the accuracy of the enzyme immunoassay for HCG and validate its use as a tumor marker test.
Oncogenes and their involvement in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Arlinghaus Ralph B. , Kloetzer William S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis review highlights recent developments in the oncogene field relating to the molecular biology of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). At least 90% of patients diagnosed with CML carry an abnormal chromosome within their tumor cells. This chromosome is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. It results in most cases from an exchange of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22. As a result of this exchange the cellular abl gene from chromosomes 9, which is related to a viral oncogene, becomes fused to a region of chromsome 22 called the breakpoint cluster region (bcr). The hybrid bcr‐abl gene is believed to play an important role in the disease process. The product of the fused bcr and abl genes is a 210,000 mol. wt. protein termed P210bcr‐abl. It has an associated protein kinase activity that phosphorylates tyrosine residues. Tyrosine protein kinases are thought to play an important role in the formation of tumors by rapidly acting RNA tumor viruses such as Abelson mouse leukemia virus. This virus has acquired part of the cellular abl gene from the mouse genome; viral infected tumor cells express a hybrid protein called P120gag‐abl, a tyrosine kinase believed to be responsible for the tumor phenotype. Similarly, P210bcr‐abl may play a key role in maintaining the tumor properties of leukemic cells of the CML patient.