bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Myth of the “Triple Win”: Questioning the Impact of Immigration on Immigrants, Origin, and Destination Countries
Authors: Money Jeannette 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
David Leblang and Benjamin Helm's 2023 book, The Ties That Bind. Immigration and the Global Political Economy, provides evidence that state governance affects the levels of emigration as well as international migrants' choice of destination. States that provide higher levels of public goods generate fewer emigrants while states that provide access to citizenship and non-discrimination attract more immigrants. Leblang and Helms then show that migrants, having moved across borders, facilitate international capital flows, including remittances, foreign direct investment, and portfolio investment. These flows, in turn, reduce the number of future emigrants. Their presentation falls short by failing to acknowledge the adjustment costs that may arise because of the temporal and geographic imbalances in generating revenues to expand public goods in the host state to accommodate the new arrivals. Moreover, their policy recommendation for enlarging temporary labor migration programs fails to acknowledge longstanding criticisms of these plans because of their potential for worker exploitation and the tendency of temporary migrants to remain in the destination country.
Experiences of systemic sclerosis patients with home monitoring of their pulmonary function: a qualitative study
Authors: Velauthapillai Arthiha , Schepers Gwyn M M , Vonk Madelon C , van den Ende Cornelia H M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the experiences, perceived benefits and disadvantages of home monitoring of pulmonary function in SSc patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted among SSc-ILD patients who used the home monitoring application of pulmonary function for at least 3 months. In our program, patients are instructed to perform home spirometry weekly at fixed time points using a mobile application with results being directly visible for patients and physicians. Audiotapes of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis after performing a member check.

Results
A total of 13 patients were interviewed, with a median age of 58 years (range 36–75) and a median experience with home monitoring of 12 months (range 3–12). We identified four major themes, including routine of telemonitoring, impact of telemonitoring, trust in telemonitoring and implementation in regular healthcare. Overall, patients found performing home spirometry to be feasible. Major perceived benefits of performing home spirometry are an increase in patient empowerment, better understanding of the disease course and a reduction in hospital visits, whereas identified disadvantages are an emotional burden of telemonitoring, heightened awareness of illness, doubts about its validity and the need for digital competencies. All patients expressed their willingness to continue, although some patients emphasized the need for face-to-face visits.

Conclusion
Telemonitoring of pulmonary function is accepted by SSc-ILD patients with the perceived benefits outweighing the disadvantages. Adopting a patient-centred strategy that considers individual factors and addresses concerns proactively is warranted to successfully implement home spirometry.
Transhumant Pastoralism, Climate Change, and Conflict in Africa
Authors: McGuirk Eoin F , Nunn Nathan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider the effects of climate change on seasonally migrant populations that herd livestock—i.e. transhumant pastoralists—in Africa. Traditionally, transhumant pastoralists benefit from a cooperative relationship with sedentary agriculturalists whereby arable land is used for crop farming in the wet season and animal grazing in the dry season. Rainfall scarcity can disrupt this arrangement by inducing pastoral groups to migrate to agricultural lands before the harvest, causing conflict to emerge. We examine this hypothesis by combining ethnographic information on the traditional locations of transhumant pastoralists and sedentary agriculturalists with high-resolution data on the location and timing of rainfall and violent conflict events in Africa from 1989 to 2018. We find that reduced rainfall in the territory of transhumant pastoralists leads to conflict in neighbouring areas. Consistent with the proposed mechanism, the conflicts are concentrated in agricultural areas; they occur during the wet season and not the dry season; and they are due to rainfall’s impact on plant biomass growth. Since pastoralists tend to be Muslim and agriculturalists Christian, this mechanism accounts for a sizable proportion of the rapid rise in religious conflict observed in recent decades. Regarding policy responses, we find that development aid projects tend not to mitigate the effects that we document. By contrast, the effects are reduced when transhumant pastoralists have greater power in national government, suggesting that more equal political representation is conducive to peace.
Steering at a distance: research centre funding schemes as instruments for university change
Authors: Pereira-Puga Manuel , Sanz-Menéndez Luis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In addition to promoting reforms, governments foster change in university systems through funding, competition, and new policy instruments. Little research has been conducted on how research centre funding schemes support organizational changes in universities and on their institutional and policy barriers. This article addresses the research centre funding schemes implemented by the regional government of Galicia (Spain) in 2016. The approach is observational and based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors. The regional government sought to encourage organizational differentiation by increasing the autonomy of centres inside the universities and to enhance strategic research agendas, reinforcing the scientific authority of the centres’ directors. We found that the design and operation of the instrument in the context of the existing university governance system, and the interaction with other funding instruments within the policy mix, may create barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the funding scheme.
How Political Dynasties Concentrate Advantage within Cities: Evidence from Crime and City Services in Chicago
Authors: Ternullo Stephanie , Zorro-Medina Ángela , Vargas Robert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Classic models of urban inequality acknowledge the importance of politics for resource distribution and service provision. Yet, contemporary studies of spatial inequality rarely measure politics directly. In this paper, we introduce political dynasties as a way of integrating political economy approaches with ecological theory to better understand the political construction of urban spatial inequality. To do so, we examine the case of political dynasties within the Chicago city council. We show that, from 2011 to 2018, blocks in dynastic wards saw fewer homicides, assaults, robberies, and thefts relative to those in non-dynastic wards. We then leverage the 2015 ward redistricting to provide evidence that dynastic effects play some role in producing these outcomes: blocks annexed into dynastic wards experienced a decline in assaults and robberies and an increase in pothole coverings. While dynastic politicians improve outcomes for blocks they annex, they also withdraw power from those they displace; and displaced blocks had relatively higher levels of crime than annexed blocks in 2015. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that dynastic politicians are contributing to spatial inequalities within Chicago.
Group Incentives for the Public Good: A Field Experiment on Improving the Urban Environment
Authors: Newman Carol , Mitchell Tara , Holmlund Marcus , Fernandez Chloë 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What strategies can help communities to overcome the public goods problem in the maintenance of communal spaces and infrastructure in urban environments? This paper investigates whether an intervention targeted at Community-Based Organizations can motivate them to make increased contributions to the public good, thereby improving outcomes for the community as a whole. Using a randomized controlled trial conducted in Dakar, Senegal, the analysis tests the effectiveness of a program that provides incentives to community groups to encourage them to keep their neighborhoods clean, with the ultimate goal of reducing flooding. After one year, the intervention proved to be effective in engaging communities, improving cleanliness, and reducing flooding.
Geometric morphometrics of silky pocket mice (Perognathus: Perognathinae: Rodentia) crania reveals new insights into their variation, evolution, and taxonomy
Authors: Alhajeri Bader H , Alaqeely Randa , Alhaddad Hasan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We used cranial geometric morphometric methods (GMM) to explore interspecific variation in Perognathus (silky pocket mice). We digitized 67 cranial landmarks on photographs of 305 adult voucher specimens (10 species and 33 subspecies, 121 localities). After summarizing variation patterns, we explored their association with biological, ecological, and climatic factors, and how (and why) shape evolved through time. Phenotypic clusters did not accord with phylogenetic clades, and we found instances of convergence, divergence, and increased rates of shape change. These are discussed in terms of shared selective pressures (e.g. habitat substrate and burrowing plus historic shifts in habitat/climate and desert adaptation). We also used variation patterns and phenetics to address ongoing taxonomic issues. While pocket mice are difficult to distinguish externally, GMM allowed us to precisely characterize interspecific cranial variation. Species significantly differed and could be classified based on their shape. We find P. alticola to be the most cranially distinct species and suggest raising the P. alticola + P. parvus (including P. mollipilosus) cluster/clade to subgenus status (=Cricetodipus). Cranial GMM found differences among taxa that seemed similar (i.e. cryptic) when previously explored using linear measurements (e.g. P. parvus vs. P. mollipilosus).
The Skills Olympics
Authors: Gaffney Mary Kathryn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fundamental skills lab provides students with a safe place to learn new skills and develop knowledge and attitudes necessary for professional nursing. However, learning skills without situational challenges like those encountered in the clinical setting does not adequately prepare students for future challenges. The Skills Olympics, a competitive team event, can be used to foster teamwork, communication, and problem-solving abilities, thereby introducing students to the realities of patient care challenges and promoting transfer of learning.
Association between CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms and efficacy and safety of warfarin in Chinese patients
Authors: Zhang Suli , Zhao Mingzhe , Zhong Shilong , Niu Jiamin , Zhou Lijuan , Zhu Bin , Su Haili , Cao Wei , Xing Qinghe , Yan Hongli , Han Xia , Fu Qihua , Li Qiang , Chen Luan , Yang Fan , Zhang Na , Wu Hao , He Lin , Qin Shengying 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Genetic variation has been a major contributor to interindividual variability of warfarin dosage requirement. The specific genetic factors contributing to warfarin bleeding complications are largely unknown, particularly in Chinese patients. In this study, 896 Chinese patients were enrolled to explore the effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic variations on both the efficacy and safety of warfarin therapy.

Methods and results
Univariate analyses unveiled significant associations between two specific single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1057910 in CYP2C9 and rs9923231 in VKORC1 and stable warfarin dosage (P < 0.001). Further, employing multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and height, the investigation revealed that patients harboring at least one variant allele in CYP2C9 exhibited a heightened risk of bleeding events compared to those with the wild-type genotype (odds ratio = 2.16, P = 0.04). Moreover, a meta-analysis conducted to consolidate findings confirmed the associations of both CYP2C9 (rs1057910) and VKORC1 (rs9923231) with stable warfarin dosage. Notably, CYP2C9 variant genotypes were significantly linked to an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications (P < 0.00001), VKORC1 did not demonstrate a similar association.

Conclusion
The associations found between specific genetic variants and both stable warfarin dosage and bleeding risk might be the potential significance of gene detection in optimizing warfarin therapy for improving patient efficacy and safety.
Impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential on hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with steatotic liver disease
Authors: Marchetti Alfredo , Pelusi Serena , Marella Alessio , Malvestiti Francesco , Ricchiuti Antony , Ronzoni Luisa , Lionetti Marta , Moretti Vittoria , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Miele Luca , Vespasiani-Gentilucci Umberto , Dongiovanni Paola , Federico Alessandro , Soardo Giorgio , D’Ambrosio Roberta , McCain Misti V. , Reeves Helen L. , La Mura Vincenzo , Prati Daniele , Bolli Niccolò , Valenti Luca ,   EPIDEMIC Study Investigators
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global epidemic and is the most rapidly rising cause of HCC. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) contributes to neoplastic and cardiometabolic disorders and is considered a harbinger of tissue inflammation. CHIP was recently associated with increased risk of liver disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether CHIP is associated with HCC development in patients with SLD.

Approach and Results:
We considered individuals with MASLD-HCC (n=208) and controls with (n =414) and without (n =259) advanced fibrosis who underwent whole exome sequencing. CHIP was diagnosed when ≥2 variant callers identified a known myeloid mutation with variant allele frequency ≥2%. CHIP was observed in 116 participants (13.1%), most frequently in DNMT3A, TET2, TP53, and ASXL1, and correlated with age (p<0.0001) and advanced liver fibrosis (p=0.001). Higher aspartate aminotransferase levels predicted non-DNMT3A-CHIP, in particular with variant allele frequency ≥10% (OR: 1.14, 1.03 −1.28 and OR: 1.30, 1.12 −1.49, respectively, p<0.05). After adjustment for sex, diabetes, and a polygenic risk, a score of inherited MASLD predisposition CHIP was associated with cirrhosis (2.00, 1.30 −3.15, p=0.02), and with HCC even after further adjustment for cirrhosis (OR: 1.81, 1.11 −2.00, 1.30 −3.15, p=0.002). Despite the strong collinearity among aging and development of CHIP and HCC, non-DNTM3A-CHIP, and TET2 lesions remained associated with HCC after full correction for clinical/genetics covariates and age (OR: 2.45, 1.35 −4.53; OR: 4.8, 1.60 -17.0, p=0.02).

Conclusions:
We observed an independent association between CHIP, particularly related to non-DNTM3A and TET2 genetic lesions and MASLD-HCC.
Nonsurgical closure of full thickness macular hole under topical therapy in two eyes with pathologic myopia
Authors: Miyata Mana , Ueta Takashi , Aoki Shuichiro , Kitamoto Kohdai , Azuma Keiko , Obata Ryo 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Non-surgical closure of a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) with eye drops has recently been reported, but there are few similar reports in cases with pathologic myopia.

Case Presentation:
(Case 1) The right eye of a 75-year-old female with an axial length of 28.83 mm had undergone anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for choroidal neovascularization presented with FTMH. Topical betamethasone, bromfenac, and blinzolamide treatments were started, and the FTMH was closed with visual improvement (20/32 to 20/20) after 5 weeks. (Case 2) In the right eye of a 55-year-old male with an axial length of 30.81 mm and lacquer cracks, subretinal hyperreflective material and FTMH developed. The above three drugs were started after anti-VEGF drug injection. Sixteen weeks later, the FTMH was closed with visual improvement (20/63 to 20/20).

Conclusion:
Nonoperative closure of FTMH has already been reported, but few in eyes with pathologic myopia. Our results suggest that nonoperative closure of FTMH associated with pathologic myopia under eye drops may be possible in some cases.
Longitudinal Experience Using Pedicled Buccal Fat Pad Flaps in Cleft Palatoplasty: Mitigating Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Risk and Severity
Authors: Sheppard Nathan T. , Daniel Melissa C. , Dietze-Fiedler Megan L. , Vargo James D. , Habeshy Marissa , Wombacher Natalie R. , Vercler Christian J. , Kasten Steven J. , Buchman Steven R. , Ulma Raquel M. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Cleft palatoplasty commonly results in denuded maxillary bone in the lateral gutters and a posterior void between oral and nasal closures. Bony exposure of the anterior palate subjects the maxilla to scarring and growth restriction; scar contracture of the posterior void may result in velopharyngeal insufficiency and fistula formation. Use of the buccal fat pad flap (BFPF) at the time of palatoplasty provides vascularized tissue over these critical areas, thereby reducing the rate of secondary surgery for speech and fistula revision.

Methods:
A single-center, retrospective review identified patients who underwent palatoplasty with or without BFPF between 1995 and 2015. Data collected included cleft type, surgical technique, follow-up duration, and complications. Outcomes included rate of speech surgery and palatal fistula development. Veau phenotype index was computed on a scale of 2 to 4 as a weighted mean to reflect the frequency of cleft type (Veau II through IV) in BFPF and non-BFPF groups.

Results:
Charts of 866 patients were reviewed; 212 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 101 received a BFPF. Mean follow-up duration was 11.4 years. Despite a selection bias for more severe clefts, the BFPF group had lower incidence of speech surgery (9.9% versus 36.9%; P = 0.0072). The BFPF group had milder cases treatable with fat injection (7.9% versus 2.7%; P = 0.0346) and developed fewer fistulas (6.9% versus 18.0%; P = 0.0280).

Conclusions:
Despite the presence of more severe clefts, the BFPF group had a significantly lower rate of speech surgery. The BFPF is a valuable adjunct in primary palatoplasty, reducing velopharyngeal insufficiency and fistula formation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Silicone Leakage from Breast Implants Is Determined by Silicone Cohesiveness: A Histologic Study of 493 Patients
Authors: Larsen Andreas , Bak Erik E. F. , Hart Liv B. , Timmermann Adam M. , Ørholt Mathias , Weltz Tim K. , Hemmingsen Mathilde , Vester-Glowinski Peter , Elberg Jens Jørgen , Trillingsgaard Jesper , Hölmich Lisbet R. , Damsgaard Tine E. , Herly Mikkel 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Silicone leakage from breast implants is a concern with potential implications for patient health. This study aimed to quantify and model silicone leakage from implants to the breast implant capsule and to investigate whether silicone cohesiveness affected the silicone leakage rate.

Methods:
Silicone content in the breast implant capsule was quantified histologically by measuring the area of silicone deposits. This was used to model silicone leakage over time based on the time of implantation. The effect of cohesiveness on silicone leakage was investigated across all implant brands with declared cohesiveness and in a subanalysis comparing only Mentor cohesive I implants with cohesive II and III implants.

Results:
The study included 493 patients with 872 breasts and a median time of implantation of 13.0 years (range, 0.4 to 51 years). The modeling of silicone leakage from intact implants showed that leakage and the acceleration of the leakage rate were significantly higher in low-cohesive implants than in highly cohesive implants (P < 0.05). This was confirmed when analyzing only Mentor implants (P < 0.05) and in the case of implant rupture (P < 0.01) where low-cohesive implants also leaked significantly more than highly cohesive implants.

Conclusions:
The authors’ results suggest that highly cohesive implants are superior to low-cohesive implants in preventing silicone leakage. Because of the accelerating rate of silicone leakage especially found in low-cohesive implants, the authors propose that exchange of low-cohesive implants could be discussed with patients 10 to 15 years after implantation to minimize silicone leakage, even in the absence of implant rupture.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Cervicofacial Pediatric Tissue Expansion: Aesthetic Unit–Based Algorithm
Authors: Lopez Christopher D. , Yusuf Cynthia T. , Girard Alisa O. , Karius Alexander K. , Yang Robin , Wang Howard , Redett Richard J. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Tissue expansion is a powerful tool in reconstruction of pediatric soft-tissue pathologies, but complication rates in children have been reported to be as high as 40%. Infection and implant extrusion lead to premature removal and delays in reconstruction. Expanding the head and neck is uniquely challenging because the confluence of facial aesthetic units must be respected. These challenges prompted the senior author (R.J.R.) to create an aesthetic unit–based algorithm.

Methods:
A retrospective study of pediatric patients who underwent cervicofacial tissue expander placement over a 17-year period was performed by the senior author. Predictor variables included age, sex, race, indication, number of expanders placed at each operation, serial expansion, expander type, expander size, home versus clinic inflation, and prophylactic antibiotics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for complications.

Results:
An aesthetic unit–based reconstructive algorithm is proposed. Forty-eight pediatric patients had 111 cervicofacial tissue expanders placed. Twenty expanders were associated with complications (18%) for surgical site infection (12.6%), extrusion (4.5%), or expander deflation (6.3%). Expanders placed for congenital nevi (P = 0.042) and use of textured expanders (P = 0.027) were significantly associated with decreased complication levels. When controlling for covariates, serial expansion of the same site was associated with increased rate of readmission (P = 0.027) after having just 1 previous expander. Iatrogenic ectropion occurred in 13.5% of the study population; expanders with at least 1 complication during tissue expansion were significantly associated with incidence of iatrogenic ectropion (P = 0.026).

Conclusion:
By using an aesthetic unit–based algorithm, reconstructive outcomes can be optimized for pediatric cervicofacial tissue expansion.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus viral FLICE inhibitory protein modulates A20 deubiquitinase activity
Authors: Herold Kevin , Ruffin Ayana , Chmura Jennifer C. , Dellomo Anna J. , Ehrlich ELANA 
Published: March 2024

KSHV viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) is a potent activator of NF-κB signaling and an inhibitor of apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of vFLIP function and NF-κB signaling promotes lytic reactivation. Here we provide evidence for a novel function of vFLIP through inhibition of the deubiquitinating (DUB) activity of the negative regulator, A20. We demonstrate direct interaction of vFLIP with Itch and A20 and provide evidence for subsequent loss of A20 DUB activity. Our results provide further insight into the function of vFLIP in the regulation of NF-κB signaling.