bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a measure of the administrative obstacles facing the trainers of the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University from the point of view of its employees
Authors: Nour Jassem  , Zainab Hassan Falih  
Published: April 2024

The research aims to build a measure of the administrative obstacles facing the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach because it is compatible with the research problem and its objectives. The researcher chose the research community through an intentional method. The research sample represents the trainers of the Student Activities Division, numbering 25 trainers. To achieve the aim of the research, means must be available to measure the administrative obstacles facing the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University Therefore, the scientific foundations of the scale were extracted.
The measure of administrative obstacles facing the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University consisted of 38 items distributed over four fields, and after verifying the validity and stability of the measure, the researcher applied it in the final form with its paragraphs on his research sample using statistical methods, using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). Finally, the researcher reached the following conclusions:
1.1: It was achieved to build a measure to identify the administrative obstacles facing the trainers of the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University from the point of view of its employees.
2–4 fields were extracted to measure the administrative obstacles facing the trainers of the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University from the point of view of its employees, based on the statistical results as follows:
The scale consists of 40 items, as follows:
The first area was called Financial Obstacles and contained ten paragraphs.

The second area was called Legal Obstacles and contained eight paragraphs.

The third area was called (Technical Obstacles) and contained eight paragraphs.
The fourth field was called (psychological obstacles) and contained 10 paragraphs.
The effect of exercises accompanying some recovery methods on some of the physical abilities of young volleyball players
Authors: Mona Hamid Jassim  
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to identify the effect of exercises accompanied by therapeutic methods on players injured in the ankle joint of volleyball players, and the speed of their recovery, as most therapeutic methods take a long time during the treatment period, which negatively affects the players’ results. The researcher used the experimental approach in treating Research problems، As for the research community, the research community was identified with injured young players of Baghdad clubs participating in the Iraqi volleyball league for the 2022-2023 sports season who suffer from a minor sports injury to the players, according to the statements of the Sports Medicine Department, in addition to the diagnosis by a specialist doctor, which is numbered(12) players, and the research sample was chosen from them by (8) players, with a percentage of (66.66%) from the total research community. After the researcher completed the field research procedures using the scientific method of writing research, and after processing the obtained data statistically, she concluded several conclusions, including:
- The exercises associated with recovery methods had an effective role in improving the speed of recovery
- The exercises accompanying recovery methods played a major role in developing the strength of motor abilities.
According to these conclusions, the researcher made several recommendations, including:
- Paying attention to exercises that accompany the recovery methods for the body’s active muscles, as they have an effective role in improving the speed of recovery.
-It is recommended to perform various exercises to prepare the body for rest, in order to avoid fatigue and stress. Relaxation and meditation exercises can be included to help restore calm and relaxation after strenuous training.
Massive amounts of training (TABATA) in developing the body's physical fitness and endurance of the footwork Second degree in Babylon Governorate
Authors: Saddam Fakhri Berto, Hossam Kazem Jawad  
Published: April 2024

The development that has happened at football l due to the development of science of training and its connection with other sciences ,which established greatly in the development of the training theories in terms of setting and making the plans and the training programs and making the solution for the (psychological and physical) problems and here lies the importance of looking for knowing the development that takes place on the cardio and respiratory fitness and enduring the action ,and through that the arrangement of ,the training loads are done in trainings so as to get the best adaptation of the members of the sample in some physical changes and enduring the physical activity through their leading football match referees ,a sudden drop happens in the physical activity especially in the last one third of time of the match ,which leads to early and the lack of focus in making decisions and the reduction of the physical performace like as running and taking the suitable situations that help making the right decisions. ,
The researchers hypothesized that:
-There's a positive impact of (TABATA) preparing in creating the cardiorespiratory wellness and physical continuance of second-class football arbitrators in Babil Governorate.
-There's an advantage for the exploratory bunch over the control bunch in terms of cardiorespiratory wellness and physical perseverance within the coordinate for football officials.
The researchers utilized the exploratory strategy for its reasonableness and the nature of the inquire about, and taken after the plan of two bunches (exploratory and control) with pre- and post-tests. As for the investigate populace, it comprised of (25) second-class football officials for the season (2023-2024). 3 officials were prohibited as the test number come to (22) officials were separated into two bunches, and each gather had (11) arbitrators. The works out were connected for a period of (6) weeks within the uncommon arrangement stage to create cardio wellness and continuance of refereeing execution
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU BERGAMBAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOSA KATA BAHASA ARAB SISWA KELAS X MAN INSAN CENDEKIA PASER
Authors: . FARIHATUN 
Published: April 2024

Proses belajar mengajar tidak bisa terlepas dari peran media di dalamnya, sebab media pembelajaran merupakan suatu bagian integral dari proses pendidikan di madrasah. Kedudukan media pengajaran ada dalam komponen proses belajar mengajar sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mempertinggi interaksi guru dengan siswa dan interaksi siswa dengan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran media kartu gambar yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran kosakata guna meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab dan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan media kartu bergambar dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Dengan menggunakan media kartu bergambar dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, maka dapat diketahui bahwa motivasi belajar siswa akan lebih tinggi dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Arab tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan dengan adanya penggunaan media kartu bergambar yang membuat siswa lebih tertarik dan bersemangat untuk belajar Keaktifan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar terjadi pada kedua belah pihak, yaitu guru dan murid. Media kartu gambar ini sangat membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata, karena media kartu bergambar akan memberikan kebebasan bagi siswa untuk mengekspresikan dan mengeluarkan semua kreatifitasnya dan bakat yang ada di dalam dirinya.
KEDUDUKAN HADIST QUDSI SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: SOLIKIN HILAL 
Published: April 2024

Hadith is everything that is quoted from the Prophet Muhammad SAW in the form of words, deeds and taqrir or other than that. Hadith is a source of Islamic Shari'a law because of its position as God's revelation conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. As one form of hadith, hadith Qudsi is a hadith that in a sentence has a noble

position because it relies directly on Allah SWT. This reliance is what makes this hadith Qudsi or Divine or Rabbani, which means that everything returns to Allah SWT. The transmission of this hadith is done through direct revelation or through inspiration and dreams. This is what distinguishes the Hadith Qudsi from the Qur'an which is absolutely conveyed through revelation. The position of the Qudsi hadith as a source of Islamic law remains like the other hadiths, namely the second source of law after the Qur'an as the first source of law. It is not because of its qudsi wording that it aligns with the Qur'an, but the Qudsi hadith still has the same position as the other hadiths, namely bayan lil al-Qur'an, which explains the verses of the Qur'an both explicitly and implicitly so that the legal content stored in it can be conveyed clearly.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: ALISKA HERNI 
Published: April 2024

This article aims to explain the internalization of character values through learning Islamic religious education. The type of writing used is a literature review study that focuses on writing results related to writing topics or variables. The data used in this study comes from
research results that have been conducted and published in national and international online journals. The analytical method used is journal content analysis. The results of the study show that: (1) Instilling religious character values in students through congregational noon prayers and the habit of reading the Al-Quran before starting learning; (2) Internalization of Discipline Character Values​in Islamic Religious Education Learning, namely the noon prayer in congregation, 5S activities are activities that emphasize the disciplinary aspects of school rules, while the habit of reading the Al-Qur'an Juz Amma before the start of learning this activity emphasizes the disciplinary aspects class; (3) Internalization of the Character Value of Hard Work in Islamic Religious Education Learning in schools through the habit of dhikr and memorization. All of these activities allow students to take responsibility and work hard as assigned by the teachers/ustdzah.
Organizational structure, capacity and reach of organizations involved in alcohol prevention: An assessment of stakeholders across five countries in East Africa
Authors: Raderalazasoa Gina , Swahn Monica , Balenger Adelaide , Kalema David , Mukantabana Crescence , Komba Sophia , Rukundo Aloysius , Okwarah Patrick 
Published: April 2024

Aims: East African countries, classified as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are disproportionately harmed by alcohol consumption, and many countries lack strategies to address and prevent alcohol harm. This study draws on community input from stakeholders involved in alcohol harm prevention in five East African countries to identify organizational structures, capacity and outreach, and strategies for capacity building to address the high burden of alcohol harm more systematically.
Design/Setting/Participants: A cross-sectional survey was distributed in 2020 by the East Africa Alcohol Policy Alliance to their member alliances and stakeholders across five countries in East Africa (i.e., Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda). Analyses were computed based on 171 persons/organizations completing the survey.
Measures: The East Africa Alcohol Policy Alliance Capacity Assessment Survey (EAAPACAS) included organizational size and funding, research capacity, priorities, and perceptions related to alcohol prevention and harm locally and nationally.
Results: The types of organizations, funding structures, and functions dedicated to alcohol prevention vary widely across countries, indicating great diversity and heterogeneity of organizations working on alcohol prevention and advocacy in East Africa. Most organizations relied on volunteer staff. Additionally, 51% reported that they did not know or did not meet their program needs with the available operational funds.
Conclusion: These organizations rely primarily on volunteers and face significant barriers in order to achieve their goals with their current budget, primarily derived from foundations and private donations. Overall, these findings indicate that the infrastructure for alcohol prevention is weak and fragmented in countries where national initiatives are limited or underfunded.
Avifaunal Diversity in Telangana State: A Case Study in Campus of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
Authors: Reddy Vakiti Ravinder , Rajashekhar Mandla , Sunitha Vanam , Issai Aruna Sri , Gurumurthy Peddinti , Vaidyula Vasudeva Rao , Mounika Gotike 
Published: April 2024

Population Studies on different agricultural and other bird species were carried out at Students farm, College farm, Agri biodiversity park, and Agricultural Research Institute farm areas of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU) Campus in semiarid region of Telangana state covering an area of about 36 Sq.km. for a period of eleven years (2012 to 2023). Population diversity of 92 species of different birds, and their distribution within the university campus farm areas were recorded. Important among them are 9 species namely: Blue rock pigeon (Columba livia), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Rose ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri),Common myna (Acridotheres tristis), House crow (Corvus splendens), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Baya weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus), White throated munia (Lonchura malabarica), and Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) which depredate experimental field crops among them only few birds such as: Rose ringed parakeets, House crows, House sparrows, Pigeons, Baya weavers, Peafowls and Munias were serious bird pests to major agricultural and horticultural crops. The University farm areas were found to be the most preferred habitat for many of these birds, it could be due to availability of food, breeding, roosting and resting sites in abundance because of more agricultural croplands and agro forestry trees.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of copolymers based on N‐isopropylacrylamide and 2‐ethoxyethyl methacrylate for the controlled release of felodipine
Authors: Shelke Namdev B. , Vijay Kumar S. , Mahadevan K. M. , Sherigara B. S. , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe free‐radical copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with 2‐ethoxyethyl methacrylate (EOEMA) was carried out with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronotrile as an initiator in 1,4‐dioxane at 65°C. The resulting copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR techniques. The composition of copolymers prepared at low conversion was determined by elemental analysis. An extended Kelen–Tudos method was used to estimate the reactivity ratios. The distribution of the monomer sequence along the copolymer chain was calculated with a statistical method based on the obtained reactivity ratios. Felodipine‐loaded microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. The effect of NIPAAm with respect to EOEMA segments on the sustained release of felodipine from the microspheres was investigated. Scanning electron micrographs of the microspheres indicated the formation of spherical microparticles in the size range 15–53 μm, even after they were loaded with the drug. The in vitro release studies of felodipine from the NIPAAm/EOEMA microspheres performed in a pH 7.4 medium showed that the rate of drug release was enhanced by an increase in the amount of NIPAAm; the size of the microspheres also increased with increasing NIPAAm in the copolymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Improvement of the Nafion–polytetrafluoroethylene membranes for potential direct methanol fuel cell use by reduction of the methanol crossover
Authors: Tang Haolin , Pan Mu , Zhaohui Wan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe possibility of ultrathin Nafion/expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes used as proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs) for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was investigated in this study. Nafion/ePTFE membranes with a thickness of ∼ 14 μm were promoted by self‐assembling Pd nanoparticles on the surface to reduce the methanol crossover. The loading of the Pd nanoparticles assembled on the membranes was 1.6–1.8 μg/cm2 and had little effect on the high conductivity of the Nafion membranes. With the self‐assembly of Pd nanoparticles, the methanol permeation noticeably decreased from 340 to 28 mA/cm2. As a result, the open‐ circuit voltage of the Nafion/ePTFE membranes that were self‐assembled for 48 h had a more significant increase from 0.55 to 0.73 V. The reduction of methanol crossover significantly increased the DMFC voltage‐current performance, and this means that self‐assembled Nafion/polytetrafluoroethylene PEMs have promise in DMFCs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Reports, requests, and recipient design: The management of patron queries in online reference chats
Authors: Epperson Terrence W. , Zemel Alan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe related fields of ethnomethodology (EM), founded by Harold Garfinkel, and conversation analysis (CA), as epitomized by the work of Harvey Sacks, offer unique insights into the operation of virtual reference services (VRS). The tradition of phenomenology within library and information science (LIS) provides a context for this research, although EM/CA differs in important respects, providing a program for grounded empirical investigations. Relevant EM/CA research concerns include the documentary method of interpretation, trust, indexicality, instructed action, and sequential organization. Review of the LIS literature on reference interactions in both face‐to‐face and virtual settings reveals a tendency to impose analytic categories and classificatory schemes that obscure the extremely situated and collaborative nature of reference work; however, an EM/CA examination of transcripts from the first 4 months of a newly implemented VRS at a large university library suggests the need for a more nuanced approach. Close‐order examination of two chat reference transcripts reveals the interactional complexities and nuances that characterize even the most succinct encounters. Analyzing the reference query as a service request demonstrates how librarians deploy their interactional skills to address “face” concerns and ameliorate potentially problematic aspects of the reference encounter.
Importance of olfactory and visual signals of autumn leaves in the coevolution of aphids and trees
Authors: Holopainen Jarmo K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDeciduous trees remobilize the nitrogen in senescing leaves during the process of autumn colouration, which in many species is associated with increased concentrations of anthocyanins. Archetti1 and Hamilton and Brown2 observed that autumn colouration is stronger in tree species facing a high diversity of specialist aphids. They proposed a coevolution theory that the bright colours in autumn might provide an honest signal of defence commitment, thus deterring migrant aphids from settling on the leaves. So far, there have been very few experimental results to support the hypothesis, and tree commitment to phenolics‐based defences has not shown direct protection against aphids. Predators and parasitoids have been found to be the major controllers of arboreal aphids. Indirect defences involve the emission of attractive volatile compounds that enhance the effectiveness of carnivorous enemies. The indirect defence hypothesis is presented to explain low aphid diversity on tree species that are green during autumn. The hypothesis suggests that green foliage can continue to produce herbivore‐inducible plant volatiles and maintain volatile‐based indirect plant defences against aphids until leaf abscission. BioEssays 30:889–896, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualisation of the vomeronasal pheromone response system
Authors: Keverne Eric B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMammalian vomeronasal receptors respond to pheromones conveying information on gender, reproductive status and individual recognition. The question arises as to how this information is coded, which parts of the code require combinatorial activity and whether or not there are specific receptor neurons committed to sex discrimination. Are there receptor neurons that are committed to responding for female or male pheromones? Is there a sex difference for the proportion of these receptors, bearing in mind that it is very much in the male's interest to distinguish the restricted oestrous phase of the female's cycle in order to successfully mate? Perhaps more intriguing is the complexity of individual recognition and whether or not the vomeronasal receptors actually possess this capacity. A recent paper in Science1 by Ron Yu and colleagues addresses these issues by literally visualising patterns of activity in VNO slices and determining what information is common across different individuals and what distinguishes them. BioEssays 30:802–805, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microfluidics meet cell biology: bridging the gap by validation and application of microscale techniques for cell biological assays
Authors: Paguirigan Amy L. , Beebe David J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMicroscale techniques have been applied to biological assays for nearly two decades, but haven't been widely integrated as common tools in biological laboratories. The significant differences between several physical phenomena at the microscale versus the macroscale have been exploited to provide a variety of new types of assays (such as gradient production or spatial cell patterning). However, the use of these devices by biologists seems to be limited by issues regarding biological validation, ease of use, and the limited available readouts for assays done using microtechnology. Critical validation work has been done recently that highlights the current challenges for microfluidic methods and suggest ways in which future devices might be improved to better integrate with biological assays. With more validation and improved designs, microscale techniques hold immense promise as a platform to study aspects of cell biology that are not possible using current macroscale techniques. BioEssays 30:811–821, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of Xmrk: an oncogene, but also a speciation gene?
Authors: Schartl Manfred 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGenes that exert their function when they are introduced into a foreign genetic background pose many questions to our current understanding of the forces and mechanisms that promote either the maintenance or divergence of gene functions over evolutionary time. The melanoma inducing Xmrk oncogene of the Southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) is a stable constituent of the genome of this species. It displays its tumorigenic function, however, almost exclusively only after inter‐populational or, even more severely, interspecific hybridization events. The Xiphophorus hybrid melanoma system has gained attention in biomedical research as a genetic model for studying tumor formation. From an evolutionary perspective, a prominent question is: how could this gene persist over millions of years? An attractive hypothesis is that Xmrk, acting as a detrimental gene in a hybrid genome, could be a speciation gene that shields the gene pool of its species from mixing with other closely related sympatric species. In this article, I briefly review our current knowledge of the molecular genetics and biochemical functions of the Xmrk gene and discuss aspects of its evolutionary history and presence with respect to this idea. While Xmrk as a potentially injurious oncogene has clearly survived for millions of years, its role as a speciation gene has to be questioned. BioEssays 30:822–832, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.