bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power control and scheduling with minimum rate constraints in clustered multihop TD/CDMA wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Qian Lijun , Vaman Dhadesugoor R. , Li Xiangfang , Gajic Zoran 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn order to achieve high end‐to‐end throughput in a multihop wireless ad hoc network, TD/CDMA has been chosen as the Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme due to its support for high network throughput in a multihop environment. The associated power control and scheduling problem needs to be addressed to optimize the operations of TD/CDMA. In this paper, cluster‐based architecture is introduced to provide centralized control within clusters, and the corresponding power control and scheduling schemes are derived to maximize a network utility function and guarantee the minimum rate required by each traffic session, given routes for multiple end‐to‐end multihop traffic sessions. Because the resulted optimal power control reveals bang‐bang characteristics, that is, scheduled nodes transmit with full power while other nodes remain silent, the joint power control and scheduling problem is reduced to a scheduling problem. The multi‐link version of the throughput‐optimal and the proportional fair scheduling algorithms for multihop wireless ad hoc networks are proposed. In addition, a generic token counter mechanism is employed to satisfy the minimum rate requirements. By ensuring different minimum rate for different traffic sessions, service differentiation is also achieved. Approximation algorithms are suggested to reduce the computational complexity. In networks that are lack of centralized control, distributed scheduling algorithms are also derived and fully distributed implementation is provided. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health‐related quality of life in child patients with temporomandibular disorder pain
Authors: Jedel Elizabeth , Carlsson Jane , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occurs frequently in children and measuring health‐related quality of life (HRQL) can complement efficacy measures, offering a complete picture of the impact of disease and treatment on overall well‐being.Aim: To compare HRQL, pain threshold (PT) and range of motion (ROM) in child patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain and an age and gender matched control group.Methods: The study design was a controlled cross‐sectional study. Forty‐two children participated in the study. Twenty‐one child patients referred to a dental pediatric clinic for specialist treatment because of TMD pain and an age and gender matched control group completed the Child health questionnaire‐child form 87 (CHQ‐CF87). PT was measured with Pain matcher® and ROM in terms of maximum unassisted mandibular opening was measured with a ruler.Results: The child patients with pain more than once a week had a pain duration ranging from 3 months to almost 6 years. The median for pain intensity measured with visual analogue scale (VAS) was 47 ranging from 5 to 80 and the median for behavioral rating scale (BRS) was 3 ranging from 1 to 4. Child patients with TMD pain more than once a week reported significantly lower scores in CHQ‐CF87 when compared with a control group. The results for PT and ROM were non‐significant.Conclusion: CHQ‐CF87 could be used for measuring health and to evaluate the efficacy of treatment in child patients with TMD pain.
Basic Electrocardiogram Interpretation for the OR Nurse
Authors: Hutchisson Bettyann , Cossey Shirley , Wheeler Rosemarie 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTA basic understanding of electrocardiogram (EKG) interpretation is necessary for all perioperative nurses. This includes knowledge of the conduction system of the heart and skill at identification of normal and abnormal EKG rhythms. This article discusses basic EKG interpretation for OR nurses. AORN J 69 (Jan 1999) 222–239.
Phacoemulsification Procedures Performed with Topical Anesthesia
Authors: Garbee Deborah Delaney 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPhacoemulsification procedures with topical anesthesia, performed with small comeal incisions and 4% lidocaine hydrochloride methylparaben‐free eye drops, have very high patient satisfaction rates because patients do not experience intraoperative pain, do not require sutures or eye patches, and have immediate improvements in their vision. Phacoemulsification procedures with topical anesthesia are cost‐effective for surgery departments because patients have shorter hospitalizations and require fewer chargeable items. The perioperative nursing role is essential to the success of phacoemulsification procedures with topical anesthesia. AORN J 66 (Aug 1997) 253–265.
Interventional Uroradiologic Procedures
Authors: Strangio Linda 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTFifteen years ago, most genitourinary procedures were performed only in ORs. Advances in imaging and minimal access surgery (MAS) techniques offer patients a choice between open surgical procedures that often require lengthy hospital stays or interventional uroradiologic procedures that can be performed on an outpatient basis. Percutaneous nephrostomy procedures are one of the most common interventional uroradiologic procedures performed in radiology departments today. A percutaneous nephrostomy tube is passed under fluoroscopic guidance through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine for patients with obstructions above their bladders or with strictured or nonfunctional ureters. These MAS procedures are safe and cost‐effective and usually can be performed with IV conscious sedation and local anesthesia. AORN J 66 (Aug 1997) 286–294.
The Role of the Breast Clinic Nurse
Authors: Deane Karen A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTWomen scheduled for breast biopsy procedures experience heightened anxiety about the outcomes of their diagnostic procedures. Perioperative nurses have unique opportunities to provide quality nursing care for patients awaiting breast biopsy procedures and their definitive diagnoses. The prevalence (ie, 50%) of benign breast disease in women of reproductive age and the anxiety related to the threat of breast cancer are important nursing concerns. This article addresses the breast clinic nurse's role in meeting the emotional and informational needs of women scheduled for breast biopsy procedures. The human response to illness (HRI) model is used as a framework for understanding the phenomenon of anxiety within this context. The HRI model provides a basis for delivering quality nursing care through the development of an enhanced role for the breast clinic nurse. AORN J 66 (Aug 1997) 304–310.
Implementation Recommendations for Making Health Care Facilities Latex Safe
Authors: Kim KT , Graves PB , Safadi GS , Alhadeff G , Metcalfe J 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe problem of latex allergy is not limited to health care workers who provide direct patient care. Individuals in environmental services, dietary, engineering, and medical records departments have the potential for sensitization. Due to the significant liability that may arise from a latex‐induced anaphylaxis or death, It is no longer prudent for health care facilities to ignore the problem. This article proposes practical recommendations for implementation of an institutionwide latex‐safe environment in health care facilities. AORN J 67 (March 1998) 615–632.
Using a Case Scenario Approach to Evaluate Age‐Specific Competencies
Authors: Chard Robin R. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAge‐specific competencies for staff members having direct patient contact is a requirement of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. This article addresses an annual competency evaluation of perioperative staff members relating to age‐specific criteria. Several types of case scenarios were developed and given to staff members (eg, RNs, surgical technologists, OR assistants, postanesthesia care unit attendants) according to their specific job descriptions and responsibilities within the surgical services department. A case scenario format was used because of the variety of health care personnel and the ability to manipulate the scenarios according to the needs of patients, staff members, and the institution. The evaluation tools were meant to adequately assess staff members' abilities to care for patients throughout the life span. AORN J 67 (March 1998) 634–642.
Systematic review of resource utilization in the hospital management of deliberate self-harm
Authors: SINCLAIR JULIA M. A. , GRAY ALASTAIR , HAWTON KEITH 
Published: August 2006

Background. Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a significant public health problem, representing a major burden in terms of morbidity to the individual and health-service utilization. While clinical guidelines suggest good practice for the short-term hospital management of DSH, there remains considerable variability in the way that services are provided.Method. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to examine the current evidence on hospital resource use and costs involved in the short-term hospital management of adults following DSH and to elucidate the factors that influence these differences, in terms of clinical characteristics and service provision.Results. Twenty-one papers reporting on 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Clinical characteristics associated with an increase in resource use included overdose with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) compared with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (weighted ratio 2·6[ratio ]1) and co-ingestion of alcohol with SSRIs. Variations in service provision, including medical admissions policy and provision of a specialist liaison service, affected resource utilization independently of the clinical needs of patients.Conclusions. Overdoses of TCAs incur substantially greater hospital costs than overdoses of SSRIs. Variations in the medical seriousness of DSH, and in the structure of service provision, affect the resources used in its short-term hospital management, with little evidence about the impact these differences have on clinical outcome. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of different styles of service provision on outcome, and to incorporate these factors into the trial design of future cost-effectiveness studies of interventions following DSH.
Functional and psychosocial impairment in adults with undiagnosed ADHD
Authors: ABLE STEPHEN L. , JOHNSTON JOSEPH A. , ADLER LENARD A. , SWINDLE RALPH W. 
Published: August 2006

Background. Identify a group of adults with ‘undiagnosed’ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compare their personal and family medical histories, psychosocial profiles, functional impairment and quality of life with non-ADHD controls. Additionally, compare adults with undiagnosed and diagnosed ADHD to investigate possible reasons why the undiagnosed avoid clinical detection.Method. ICD-9 codes for ADHD in administrative claims records and responses to a telephone-administered adult ADHD screener [the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)] were used to classify approximately 21000 members of two large managed health-care plans as ‘undiagnosed’ (no coded diagnosis; ASRS positive) or ‘non-ADHD’ controls (no coded diagnosis; ASRS negative). Patients identified as ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD were compared with samples of non-ADHD controls and ‘diagnosed’ ADHD patients (ICD-9 coded ADHD diagnoses) on the basis of demographics, socio-economic status, past and present mental health conditions, and self-reported functional and psychosocial impairment and quality of life.Results. A total of 752 ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD subjects, 199 ‘non-ADHD’ controls and 198 ‘diagnosed’ ADHD subjects completed a telephone interview. Overall, the ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD cohort demonstrated higher rates of co-morbid illness and greater functional impairment than ‘non-ADHD’ controls, including significantly higher rates of current depression, and problem drinking, lower educational attainment, and greater emotional and interpersonal difficulties. ‘Undiagnosed’ ADHD subjects reported a different racial composition and lower educational attainment than ‘diagnosed’ ADHD subjects.Conclusion. Individuals with ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD manifest significantly greater functional and psychosocial impairment than those screening negative for the disorder, suggesting that ADHD poses a serious burden to adults even when clinically unrecognized.
Differential and inverse kinematics of robot devices using conformal geometric algebra
Authors: Bayro-Corrochano Eduardo , Zamora-Esquivel Julio 
Published: August 2006

In this paper, the authors use the conformal geometric algebra in robotics. This paper computes the inverse kinematics of a robot arm and the differential kinematics of a pan–tilt unit using a language of spheres showing how we can simplify the complexity of the computations.This work introduces a new geometric Jacobian in terms of bivectors, which is by far more effective in its representation as the standard Jacobian because its derivation is done in terms of the projections of the involved points onto the line axes. Furthermore, unlike the standard formulation, our Jacobian can be used for any kind of robot joints.In this framework, we deal with various tasks of three-dimensional (3D) object manipulation, which is assisted by stereo-vision. All these computations are carried out using real images captured by a robot binocular head, and the manipulation is done by a five degree of freedom (DOF) robot arm mounted on a mobile robot. In addition to this, we show a very interesting application of the geometric Jacobian for differential control of the binocular head. We strongly believe that the framework of conformal geometric algebra can generally be of great advantage for visually guided robotics.
Risk of hospitalization during influenza season among a cohort of patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: SANDOVAL C. , WALTER S. D. , KRUEGER P. , SMIEJA M. , SMITH A. , YUSUF S. , LOEB M. B. 
Published: August 2006

SUMMARYIt is uncertain whether hospitalization among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) increases during the influenza season. This retrospective cohort study used influenza surveillance data from the United States (1986–1987 to 1990–1991), clinical information from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) database, and daily temperature data from the National Climatic Data Center to assess the effect of influenza season on hospitalizations in this cohort of patients. The overall hospitalization rate was higher during influenza seasons compared to non-influenza seasons [relative risk (RR) 1·08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01–1·16]. Multivariable Cox modelling revealed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1·11 for hospitalization during the influenza season (95% CI 1·03–1·20, P=0·005). Overall death rates were also higher during influenza seasons than non-influenza seasons (RR 1·09, 95% CI 0·97–1·21), but the corresponding adjusted HR for death was not significant (HR 1·01, 95% CI 0·98–1·24, P=0·11). Patients with CHF have a greater risk of hospitalization during the influenza season than in the non-influenza season, supporting the current belief that patients with CHF should be regarded as a high-risk group.
Capture–recapture analysis to estimate the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in Germany, 2003
Authors: SCHRAUDER A. , CLAUS H. , ELIAS J. , VOGEL U. , HAAS W. , HELLENBRAND W. 
Published: August 2006

SUMMARYThe incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Germany in 2003 was estimated by the two-source capture–recapture method. As a unique personal identifier was unavailable, cases with IMD tested at the National Reference Centre for Meningococci (NRZM) were matched with cases reported to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) through the statutory surveillance system by using demographic and disease-specific variables common to both datasets. The estimated overall incidence was 1·1 IMD cases/100 000 inhabitants, with a sensitivity of ascertainment of 64·8% for NRZM and 89·4% for RKI. Case-fatality rate was estimated at 8·8%. Adjustment for heterogeneity of capture according to age, region and serogroup observed in the NRZM (but not RKI) source had minimal effect on the estimated incidence. The IMD incidence estimated by capture–recapture analysis is thus only slightly higher than through statutory surveillance data. As a degree of positive dependence between the systems cannot be ruled out, this estimate may still be an underestimate. However, under ascertainment appears insufficient to explain the low incidence of IMD in Germany compared to other European countries.
Delphinidin and cyanidin inhibit PDGFAB‐induced VEGF release in vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing activation of p38 MAPK and JNK
Authors: Oak M‐H , Bedoui J E , Madeira S V F , Chalupsky K , Schini‐Kerth V B 
Published: August 2006

Background and purpose:Red wine polyphenols (RWPs) inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major pro‐angiogenic and pro‐atherosclerotic factor, in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The aim of this study was to identify which red wine polyphenols were inhibitory and to determine the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects.Experimental approach:Release of VEGF stimulated by platelet derived growth factorAB (PDGFAB), from human aortic VSMCs was measured by immunoassay and phosphorylation of kinases by Western blot analysis. The direct antioxidant properties of polyphenols were determined by electron paramagnetic resonance and the cellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dichlorofluorescein.Key results:The inhibitory effect of RWPs on PDGFAB‐induced release of VEGF was mimicked by delphinidin but not by quercetin, catechins, resveratrol, gallic acid or caffeic acid. In the anthocyanin class, not only delphinidin but also cyanidin prevented VEGF release whereas malvidin and peonidin were without effect. RWPs, delphinidin and cyanidin directly scavenged ROS and prevented the PDGFAB‐induced formation of ROS in VSMCs. Malvidin and peonidin did not scavenge ROS but prevented the cellular formation of ROS. Although the p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways have been involved in the PDGFAB‐induced expression of VEGF, in our experiments, only phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK was inhibited by RWPs, delphinidin and cyanidin.Conclusions and implications:Anthocyanins presenting a hydroxyl residue at position 3′ are able to inhibit PDGFAB‐induced VEGF expression by preventing activation of p38 MAPK and JNK in VSMCs.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 283–290. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706843
Greater antiarrhythmic activity of acute 17β‐estradiol in female than male anaesthetized rats: correlation with Ca2+ channel blockade
Authors: Philp K L , Hussain M , Byrne N F , Diver M J , Hart G , Coker S J 
Published: August 2006

Background and purpose:Female sex hormones may protect pre‐menopausal women from sudden cardiac death. We therefore investigated the effects of the main female sex hormone, 17β‐estradiol, on ischaemia‐induced cardiac arrhythmias and on the L‐type Ca2+ current (ICaL).Experimental approach:In vivo experiments were performed in pentobarbital‐anaesthetized rats subjected to acute coronary artery occlusion. ICaL was measured by the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique, in rat isolated ventricular myocytes.Key results:Acute intravenous administration of 17β‐estradiol as a bolus dose followed by a continuous infusion, commencing 10 min before coronary artery occlusion, had dose‐dependent antiarrhythmic activity. In female rats 300 ng kg‐1 + 30 ng kg−1 min−1 17β‐estradiol significantly reduced the number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). A ten fold higher dose of 17β‐estradiol was required to cause similar effects in male rats. In vitro 17β‐estradiol reduced peak ICaL in a concentration‐dependent manner. The EC50 was ten‐fold higher in male myocytes (0.66 μM) than in females (0.06 μM).Conclusions and implications:These results indicate that 17β‐estradiol has marked dose‐dependent antiarrhythmic activity that is greater in female rats than in males. A similar differential potency in blocking ICaL in myocytes from female and male rats can account for this effect. This provides an explanation for the antiarrhythmic activity of 17β‐estradiol and gender‐selective protection against sudden cardiac death.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 233–242. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706850
Sex hormones and arrhythmia in myocardial ischemia
Authors: Korte T , Grohé C 
Published: August 2006

The mechanisms by which gender affects cardiac electrophysiological parameters and alters the predisposition to certain arrhythmias are not well understood, although differences in the expression and function of ion channels and in the activation of the autonomic nervous system may contribute. In their study Philp and coworkers address the issue of the effect of 17β‐estradiol on ventricular vulnerability in a rat model of ischemia. Their data show that there is a dose‐dependent antiarrhythmic activity of 17β‐estradiol administration with suppression ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during ischemia. Furthermore they show a dose‐dependent blockage of ICaL by 17β‐estradiol which is again stronger in female than in male mice. They postulate that the shown gender‐selective, concentration‐dependent inhibition of ICaL is sufficient to account for the reduction in ischaemia‐induced arrhythmia. With this data they have added important information on the influence of sex hormones on cardiac electrophysiology under pathophysiological conditions.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 227–228. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706851
Pretreatment with simvastatin reduces myocardial no‐reflow by opening mitochondrial KATP channel
Authors: Zhao J‐L , Yang Y‐J , Cui C‐J , You S‐J , Gao R‐L 
Published: August 2006

Background and purpose:Simvastatin, a cholesterol‐lowering agent, can protect against endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of simvastatin treatment on the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium are not known. This study sought to assess such effects of simvastatin on an experimental model of myocardial no‐reflow and to explore possible mechanisms.Experimental approach:Coronary ligation area and area of no‐reflow were determined by myocardial contrast echocardiography in vivo and by histology in mini‐pigs randomized into 7 study groups: controls, pretreated with simvastatin for 2 days, treated with 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD, the selective mitochondrial KATP channel blocker), treated with simvastatin+5‐HD, treated with HMR 1883 (the selective sarcolemmal KATP channel blocker), treated with simvastatin+HMR 1883 and a sham‐operated group. The myocardial no‐reflow model was induced with 3 h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 2 h reperfusion.Key results:Compared with the control group, simvastatin significantly increased coronary blood flow, decreased the area of no‐reflow assessed echocardiographically and reduced the necrotic area, by histology. There was no significant difference in these outcomes between simvastatin and simvastatin+HMR 1883 groups. In contrast, 5‐HD abolished the effect of simvastatin.Conclusions and implications:Simvastatin can reduce the area and myocardial no‐reflow after ischaemia and reperfusion. This beneficial effect is due to its activation of mitochondrial KATP channels.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 243–249. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706862