bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lycopene from heat-inducedcis-isomer-rich tomato sauce is more bioavailable than from all-trans-rich tomato sauce in human subjects
Authors: Unlu Nuray Z. , Bohn Torsten , Francis David M. , Nagaraja Haikady N. , Clinton Steven K. , Schwartz Steven J. 
Published: March 2007

Lycopene is present mainly ascis-isomers in human serum and tissues whereas all-trans-lycopene predominates in tomato products, suggesting that all-trans-lycopene is isomerised in the body or is less bioavailable. The objectives of the present study were to develop processing conditions for tomatoes to obtain products with differentcis-trans-lycopene isomer distribution and to assess their bioavailability. Healthy adult subjects (n12) were recruited for this randomised cross-over trial. Each intervention was preceded by a 2-week washout period. Two tomato sauces, one rich in all-trans-lycopene (32·5 mg total lycopene/100 g sauce; 5 %cis-isomers), the other high incis-lycopene (26·4 mg total lycopene/100 g sauce; 45 %cis-isomers), were produced by different heat-processing techniques. Each sauce (150 g) was served in a standardised meal at 08.00 hours after overnight fasting. Plasma TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions over 9.5 h following test-meal consumption as a measure of lycopene absorption were obtained and expressed as baseline-corrected area under the concentrationv. time curves (AUC), using HPLC-electrochemical detection. AUC values adjusted for the amount lycopene consumed showed that total, totalcis-, and all-trans-lycopene responses were significantly higher from thecis-isomer-rich sauce, compared with the all-trans-rich sauce, being 7·30 (sem1·45)v. 4·74 (sem1·08) nmol × h/l (P = 0·002), 3·80 (sem0·76)v. 1·98 (sem0·37) nmol × h/l (P = 0·0005) and 3·50 (sem0·76)v. 2·76 (sem0·76) nmol × h/l (P = 0·01), respectively. The present study demonstrates significant lycopene bioavailability fromcis-lycopene-rich tomato sauce and highlights the importance of considering isomer-distribution for lycopene bioavailability. Furthermore, processing parameters can be controlled to alter isomer patterns of tomato products and influence lycopene bioavailability.
Effect of polydextrose on intestinal microbes and immune functions in pigs
Authors: Fava Francesca , Mäkivuokko Harri , Siljander-Rasi Hilkka , Putaala Heli , Tiihonen Kirsti , Stowell Julian , Tuohy Kieran , Gibson Glenn , Rautonen Nina 
Published: March 2007

Dietary fibre has been proposed to decrease risk for colon cancer by altering the composition of intestinal microbes or their activity. In the present study, the changes in intestinal microbiota and its activity, and immunological characteristics, such as cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in mucosa, in pigs fed with a high-energy-density diet, with and without supplementation of a soluble fibre (polydextrose; PDX) (30 g/d) were assessed in different intestinal compartments. PDX was gradually fermented throughout the intestine, and was still present in the distal colon. Irrespective of the diet throughout the intestine, of the four microbial groups determined by fluorescentin situhybridisation, lactobacilli were found to be dominating, followed by clostridia andBacteroides. Bifidobacteria represented a minority of the total intestinal microbiota. The numbers of bacteria increased approximately ten-fold from the distal small intestine to the distal colon. Concomitantly, also concentrations of SCFA and biogenic amines increased in the large intestine. In contrast, concentrations of luminal IgA decreased distally but the expression of mucosal COX-2 had a tendency to increase in the mucosa towards the distal colon. Addition of PDX to the diet significantly changed the fermentation endproducts, especially in the distal colon, whereas effects on bacterial composition were rather minor. There was a reduction in concentrations of SCFA and tryptamine, and an increase in concentrations of spermidine in the colon upon PDX supplementation. Furthermore, PDX tended to decrease the expression of mucosal COX-2, therefore possibly reducing the risk of developing colon cancer-promoting conditions in the distal intestine.
Minor compounds of olive oil have postprandial anti-inflammatory effects
Authors: Pacheco Yolanda M. , Bermúdez Beatriz , López Sergio , Abia Rocío , Villar José , Muriana Francisco J. G. 
Published: March 2007

High postprandial levels of TAG may further induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in subjects with high fasting levels of TAG, an effect that seems to be related to oxidative stress. The present study investigated whether minor compounds of olive oil with antioxidant activity decrease postprandial levels of soluble isoforms of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), as surrogate markers of vascular inflammation, after a high-fat meal. A randomized crossover and blind trial on fourteen healthy and fourteen hypertriacylglycerolaemic subjects was performed. The study involved a 1-week adaptation lead-in period on a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) containing 1125 mg polyphenols/kg and 350 mg tocopherols/kg, or refined olive oil (ROO) with no polyphenols or tocopherols. After a 12 h fast, the participants ate a high-fat meal enriched in EVOO or ROO (50 g/m2 body surface area), which on average provided 3700 kJ energy with a macronutrient profile of 72 % fat, 22 % carbohydrate and 6 % protein. Blood samples drawn hourly over the following 8 h demonstrated a similar postprandial TAG response for both EVOO and ROO meals. However, in both healthy and hypertriacylglycerolaemic subjects the net incremental area under the curve for sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly lower after the EVOO meal. In conclusion, the consumption of EVOO with a high content of minor antioxidant compounds may have postprandial anti-inflammatory protective effects.
Malnutrition is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality following acute illness
Authors: Gariballa Salah , Forster Sarah 
Published: March 2007

Four hundred and forty-five randomly selected hospitalised patients had their nutritional status assessed from anthropometric, haematological and biochemical data. Nutritional status was compared between survivors and non-survivors at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months. Using Cox's proportional hazard analysis, we measured the association between nutritional assessment variables and 1-year mortality after adjusting for disability, chronic illness, medications, smoking and tissue inflammation. Nutritional status was significantly worse amongst non-survivors compared with survivors, and non-survivors showed marked and significant deterioration in all measures of nutritional status compared with survivors. After adjusting for poor prognostic indicators the hazard ratios of death in the fourth, third and second quarters of both baseline serum albumin and mid-upper arm circumference distributions relative to the first were 0·68, 0·77 and 0·58 (trend P = 0·013) and 0·61, 1·0 and 0·87 (trend P = 0·005) respectively. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether the relationship between malnutrition and the poor outcome highlighted by the present study is causal or a mere association.
The effects of maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A status: a randomised trial in Kenya
Authors: Ayah R. A. , Mwaniki D. L. , Magnussen P. , Tedstone A. E. , Marshall T. , Alusala D. , Luoba A. , Kaestel P. , Michaelsen K. F. , Friis H. 
Published: March 2007

Postpartum vitamin A supplementation of mothers and infants is recommended, but the efficacy has been questioned. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Kenyan mother–infant pairs were randomised to maternal vitamin A (400 000 IU) or placebo < 24 h postpartum, and infant vitamin A (100 000 IU) or placebo at 14 weeks. Milk retinol was determined at weeks 4, 14 and 26, and maternal and infant serum retinol at weeks 14 and 26. Infant retinol stores were assessed at week 26, using a modified relative dose response (MRDR) test. Among 564 women, serum retinol at 36 weeks gestation was 0·81 (sd 0·21) μmol/l, and 33·3 % were < 0·7 μmol/l. Maternal serum retinol was not different between groups, but milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group: (0·67 v. 0·60 μmol/l; 0·52 v. 0·44 μmol/l; 0·50 v. 0·44 μmol/l at 4, 14 and 26 weeks, respectively). When expressed per gram fat, milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group only at 4 weeks. Infant serum retinol was not different between groups. However, although most infants had deficient vitamin A stores (MRDR>0·06 %) at 26 weeks, vitamin A to infants, but not mothers, resulted in a lower proportion of infants with deficient vitamin A stores (69 v. 78 %). High-dose postpartum vitamin A supplementation failed to increase serum retinol and infant stores, despite modest effects on milk retinol. Infant supplementation, however, increased stores. There is a need for a better understanding of factors affecting absorption and metabolism of vitamin A.
Absorption and pharmacokinetics of grapefruit flavanones in beagles
Authors: Mata-Bilbao Maria de Lourdes , Andrés-Lacueva Cristina , Roura Elena , Jáuregui Olga , Escribano Elvira , Torre Celina , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa Maria 
Published: March 2007

The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of three different grapefruit flavanone forms in dog plasma and demonstrated their absorption after an oral intake of a grapefruit extract; pharmacokinetic parameters of these forms were also determined. Ten healthy beagles were administered 70 mg citrus flavonoids as a grapefruit extract contained in capsules, while two additional dogs were used as controls and given an excipient. The grapefruit flavanone naringin, along with its metabolites naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, was detected in dog plasma. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 24 h after administration of the extract. Naringin reached its maximun plasma concentration at around 80 min, whereas naringenin and naringenin glucuronide reached their maximun plasma concentrations at around 20 and 30 min, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide (medians and ranges) were 0·24 (0·05–2·08), 0·021 (0·001–0·3) and 0·09 (0·034–0·12) μmol/l, respectively. The areas under the curves were 23·16 l (14·04–70·62) min × μmol/for nariningin, 1·78 (0·09–4·95) min × μmol/l for naringenin and 22·5 (2·74–99·23) min × μmol/l for naringenin glucuronide. The median and range values for mean residence time were 3·3 (1·5–9·3), 2·8 (0·8–11·2) and 8·0 (2·3–13·1) h for naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate the absorption of grapefruit flavanones via the presence of their metabolites in plasma, thus making an important contribution to the field since the biological activities ascribed to these compounds rely on their specific forms of absorption.
The effect of conventional v. à la carte menu on energy and macronutrient intake among hospitalized cardiology patients
Authors: Larsen Camilla S. , Toubro Søren 
Published: March 2007

Undernutrition among hospitalized patients is highly prevalent. In contrast, the obesity pandemic is increasing in prevalence among all, including cardiology patients. The dietary challenge during hospitalization is to provide a healthy diet that stimulates the appetite and is suitable for both patients at risk of undernutrition and of cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to compare energy and macronutrient intake between a conventional hospital menu (Fixed) with a concept providing free serving hours and ad libitum intake à la carte (Free) among cardiology patients. The comparison was done between concepts for all lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) patients and subgroups. Food intake was registered during a 3-week period on Fixed for forty-eight randomly selected patients and later by two similar time periods on Free1 for twenty-eight and Free2 for thirty-seven other patients. Free compared with Fixed increased the energy intake – but not above requirement – among the obese only (P < 0·001; Free v. Fixed). This was explained by an increase in the relative fat intake of 50 % (P < 0·001) and 37 % (P < 0·001) for Free1 and Free2 respectively. During Free1, the relative fat intake correlated positively with BMI (r 0·6; P < 0·01), and the relative carbohydrate intake negatively with BMI (r − 0·7; P < 0·01); the same pattern was seen during Free2, although insignificant. We conclude that the introduction of an ad libitum à la carte kitchen (Free) to cardiology patients slightly increases the average nutritional intake, but contains a potential health hazard for overweight cardiovascular patients, due to the selection of high-fat dishes and decreased carbohydrate intake. This emphasises the need for improvement in fat sources and in dietary advice when an ad libitum concept is applied during hospitalization.
n-3 Fatty acid supplementation and regular moderate exercise: differential effects of a combined intervention on neutrophil function
Authors: Hill Alison M. , Worthley Caroline , Murphy Karen J. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Ferrante Antonio , Howe Peter R. C. 
Published: March 2007

CVD is associated with a cellular inflammatory/immune response.n-3 PUFA and moderate aerobic exercise independently alter cytokine production and leucocyte function. There is limited evidence for the combined effect of these treatments on immune function, particularly in patients with risk factors for CVD. We hypothesised that exercise would enhance the anti-inflammatory effects ofn-3 PUFA. In a randomised, placebo-controlled study, fifty volunteers were allocated double-blind to consume either sunflower oil (6 g/d, placebo) or DHA-rich fish oil (6 g/d; about 2 gn-3 PUFA; 1·6 g DHA /d) for 12 weeks. Volunteers were further randomised to undertake regular exercise (walking 3 d/week for 45 min at 75 % of maximum heart rate) or maintain their usual physical activity for 12 weeks. Immune functions were assessed in blood taken initially and after 12 weeks. There was no effect on cytokine production by T cells and monocytes. Superoxide anion production from stimulated blood neutrophils was decreased by fish oil (19·5 (sem8·5) %,P = 0·016) but not by exercise, and this change was negatively correlated with the incorporation of DHA into erythrocytes (r–0·385,P = 0·047). Participation in regular exercise maintained neutrophil bactericidal activity, which decreased in non-exercising subjects (2·9 (sem0·7) %,P = 0·013). Neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence were not significantly affected by exercise, oil, or the combination of the two. Thus the combination of moderate exercise and fish-oil supplementation, which reduces cardiovascular risk, may also help to counteract inflammation.
The guinea-pig is a poor animal model for studies of niacin deficiency and presents challenges in any study using purified diets
Authors: Thorn Stephanie L. , Young Genevieve S. , Kirkland James B. 
Published: March 2007

The guinea-pig was previously reported as being sensitive to a niacin-deficient (ND), high-protein diet, suggesting that it is a suitable model for the low tryptophan to NAD+conversion observed in human subjects. However, these studies were based on growth rates and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine whether guinea-pigs are suitable for ND studies based on measurements of blood and bone marrow NAD+. Using a 20 % casein diet, ND decreased blood NAD+after 4 weeks, but this parameter returned to normal after 9 weeks of feeding, while bone marrow was decreased by 35 % at this time point. Using a 15 % casein diet, 7 weeks of ND caused 44 and 42 % decreases in blood and bone marrow NAD+. Using a 10 % casein diet, ND decreased NAD+by 32 % in blood and 62 % in bone marrow at 7 weeks. Growth rates were directly related to the dietary tryptophan content, with the lowest growth rates seen with the 10 % casein diet. Changes in guinea-pig NAD+are comparable with the rat model at similar levels of dietary tryptophan, while mortality rates were dramatically higher in the guinea-pig model. The present study concludes that mortality in ND guinea-pigs is not indicative of poor tryptophan conversion, but is due to environmental stresses in guinea-pigs that are not observed with rats. We conclude that guinea-pigs are not suitable for research on niacin deficiency and they present challenges for any study requiring purified diets and wire-bottomed cages.
Self-retaining T-incision for difficult tracheotomy
Authors: Cohen D , Gurvitz Y , Friedman P , Raveh D , Perez R 
Published: March 2007

Problem: To overcome difficulties in complicated tracheotomies through the use of a T-incision.Study design: Retrospective.Methods: A T-shaped incision allows the wound edges to retract aside spontaneously, without the use of retractors. Four hundred and twelve patients were retrospectively evaluated; 203 received traditional tracheotomy incisions and 209 received a T-incision.Results: Complication rates were similar for the two groups: 3 per cent in the traditional incision group and 4 per cent in the T-incision group (difference non-significant).Conclusions: The T-incision enables good control of bleeding and better exposure of the trachea. This incision was developed for use in difficult cases, such as patients with a short or thick neck, and complicated needle dilatation procedures. The T-incision is quick and suitable for a solo surgeon. Its cosmetic results are acceptable, and it has the same low complication rate as traditional incisions.
Parental eating behaviours, home food environment and adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods: longitudinal findings from Project EAT
Authors: Arcan Chrisa , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Hannan Peter , van den Berg Patricia , Story Mary , Larson Nicole 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine longitudinal associations of parental report of household food availability and parent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods with adolescent intakes of the same foods. This study expands upon the limited research of longitudinal studies examining the role of parents and household food availability in adolescent dietary intakes.DesignLongitudinal study. Project EAT-II followed an ethnically and socio-economically diverse sample of adolescents from 1999 (time 1) to 2004 (time 2). In addition to the Project EAT survey, adolescents completed the Youth Adolescent Food-Frequency Questionnaire in both time periods, and parents of adolescents completed a telephone survey at time 1. General linear modelling was used to examine the relationship between parent intake and home availability and adolescent intake, adjusting for time 1 adolescent intakes. Associations were examined separately for the high school and young adult cohorts and separately for males and females in combined cohorts.Subjects/settingThe sample included 509 pairs of parents/guardians and adolescents.ResultsVegetables served at dinner significantly predicted adolescent intakes of vegetables for males (P = 0.037), females (P = 0.009), high school (P = 0.033) and young adults (P = 0.05) at 5-year follow-up. Among young adults, serving milk at dinner predicted dairy intake (P = 0.002). Time 1 parental intakes significantly predicted intakes of young adults for fruit (P = 0.044), vegetables (P = 0.041) and dairy foods (P = 0.008). Parental intake predicted intake of dairy for females (P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe findings suggest the importance of providing parents of adolescents with knowledge and skills to enhance the home food environment and improve their own eating behaviours.
A validation of the diagnosis of obstetric sphincter tears in two Norwegian databases, the Medical Birth Registry and the Patient Administration System
Authors: BAGHESTAN ELHAM , Børdahl Per E. , RASMUSSEN SVEIN A. , SANDE ANNE K. , LYSLO INGVILL , SOLVANG ISABEL 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. The purpose of the present study was to validate the registration of obstetric sphincter tears in 2 registers, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway [MBRN] and Patient Administration System [PAS]. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of all obstetric sphincter tears that occurred in our department in 1990–1992 and 2000–2002 was performed. The case records of all patients registered either in MBRN, PAS or the birth logs were compared with the information in the medical records, which constituted the ‘golden standard’. Results. The incidence of obstetric sphincter tears in 1990–1992 was 5.8% (774/13381), 5.6% (745/13381) had a perineal tear of third degree and 0.2% (29/13381) of fourth degree. In 2000–2002, the total incidence was 6.6% (813/12380), 5.9% (731/12380) was a third degree perineal tear and 0.7% (82/12380) fourth degree, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the MBRN database to detect obstetric sphincter tears was 85.3 and 99.5% in 1990–1992, and 91.8 and 99.7% in 2000–2002, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of a MBRN‐registered diagnosis of obstetric sphincter tears in 1990–1992 were 91.4 and 99.1%, while the corresponding percentages in 2000–2002 were 95.4 and 99.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the PAS database was correspondingly 52.1 and 99.0% in 1990–1992, and 84.6 and 98.5% in 2000–2002. The positive and negative predictive values of a PAS‐diagnosis of obstetric sphincter tears were 75.8 and 97.1% in 1990–1992. In 2000–2002, they were 92.7 and 98.9%, respectively. Conclusion. The validity of a diagnosis of obstetric sphincter tears, based on the MBRN, is sufficiently high to justify future large‐scale epidemiologic studies based on this database, while the validity of a PAS diagnosis is lower, but improves.
DPTF: a database of poplar transcription factors
Authors: Zhu Qi-Hui , Guo An-Yuan , Gao Ge , Zhong Ying-Fu , Xu Meng , Huang Minren , Luo Jinchu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSummary: The database of poplar transcription factors (DPTF) is a plant transcription factor (TF) database containing 2576 putative poplar TFs distributed in 64 families. These TFs were identified from both computational prediction and manual curation. We have provided extensive annotations including sequence features, functional domains, GO assignment and expression evidence for all TFs. In addition, DPTF contains cross-links to the Arabidopsis and rice transcription factor databases making it a unique resource for genome-scale comparative studies of transcriptional regulation in model plants.Availiability: DPTF is available at http://dptf.cbi.pku.edu.cnContact: dptf@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cn