bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact methods based on node‐routing formulations for undirected arc‐routing problems
Authors: Baldacci R. , Maniezzo V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article proposes a new transformation of undirected arc‐routing problems into equivalent node‐routing problems, with emphasis on the transformation of Capacitated Arc Routing Problems (CARP) into Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRP). For this last case, an analogue transformation has already been proposed in Pearn et al., where each required CARP edge is mapped onto a triplet of CVRP nodes. In our case, only two CVRP nodes are needed for every CARP required edge. The transformed instances have a structure and a dimension that make most CARP benchmarks solvable by state of the art CVRP techniques. We thus propose a general purpose transformation of arc into node‐routing problems and new results on lower bounds and exact methods for CARP instances. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(1), 52–60 2006
The k‐degree Cayley graph and its topological properties
Authors: Hsieh Sun‐Yuan , Hsiao Tien‐Te 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article introduces a new family of Cayley graphs, called k‐degree Cayley graphs, for building interconnection networks. The k‐degree Cayley graph possesses many valuable topological properties, such as regularity with degree k, logarithmic diameter, and maximal fault tolerance. We present an optimal shortest path routing algorithm for the k‐degree Cayley graph. Cycle‐embedding and clique‐embedding are also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(1), 26–36 2006
Numerical approximation of the three‐dimensional ocean primitive equations
Authors: Guo Daniel X. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the numerical approximation of the three‐dimensional ocean primitive equations (PEs), which was studied by Lions et al. We develop a new scheme for the PEs based on the fractional‐step method approximation, which is of second order (and can possibly be made of higher order) in time and reduces the core computation to a two‐dimensional problem. For the testing of the scheme, the numerical simulation for the ocean on a rectangular domain is presented. We focus on the ocean surface and study the nonlinear behavior of western boundary currents (WBCs), with particular emphasis on multiple equilibria—the so‐called double‐gyre phenomena. The wind stress on the ocean surface is the only force. The basic state of the ocean surface consists of two antisymmetric gyres when the wind stress is symmetric. By applying the scheme to the PEs, we are able to investigate most aspects of the ocean circulation. We will report them elsewhere. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Successful treatment with voriconazole of Aspergillus brain abscess in a boy with medulloblastoma
Authors: Stiefel M. , Reiß T. , Staege M.S. , Rengelshausen J. , Burhenne J. , Wawer A. , Foell J.L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis is an increasing problem in immuno‐incompetent patients after prolonged steroid therapy, cancer radio‐chemotherapy, and bone marrow or solid organ transplantation. Cerebral aspergillosis is a well‐described complication of the invasive aspergillosis but only in rare cases, the brain is the sole site of infection. Despite increasing availability of antifungal drugs, the prognosis of cerebral aspergillosis is poor. We report on an 11‐year‐old boy with medulloblastoma in the area of the fourth ventricle. Following tumor surgery and radio‐chemotherapy, several abscess‐like structures occurred in the operating field. After incomplete abscess, resection histology and culture confirmed a localized Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The initial treatment of the Aspergillus fumigatus infection with conventional amphotericin B failed, and treatment with the triazole voriconazole was started. Intravenous treatment with voriconazole resulted in a reduction of the Aspergillus fumigatus abscess. After switching to oral ambulatory therapy, the Aspergillus fumigatus abscess increased in size. To improve treatment, voriconazole dosage was adapted to reach drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) above the minimal fungicidal concentration and plasma specimens. During the concentration‐controlled voriconazole therapy for a period of 18 months, a complete response was achieved. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:203–207. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and conformational behaviour of luminescently labelled poly[styrene‐graft‐(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)] copolymers
Authors: Chee Chong‐Kooi , Rimmer Stephen , Soutar Ian , Swanson Linda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), which has been grafted to polystyrene, are described. Despite the fact that these copolymers contain around 20 % of the hydrophobic monomer styrene, they still retain water solubility below 32 °C. Such observations imply that altering the polymer topography provides an alternate strategy for manipulation of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The fluorescence characteristics of the polarity probe, pyrene, have been used to provide information regarding the thermoresponsive behaviour of the grafted copolymer samples. On the basis of these measurements, a model is proposed which suggests that a hydrophobic styrene core exists at all temperatures between 5 and 60 °C, which is stabilized by a hydrophilic ‘corona’ formed by the PNIPAM grafts. The LCST marks a conformational ‘collapse’ of the grafts onto the styrene core, which results in the formation of a compact globular species. The fluorescence data also provide evidence that the PNIPAM graft chain‐length influences the nature of the globule. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Design and use of macromonomers as steric stabilizers for the synthesis of novel functional particles in dispersed media
Authors: Chambon Pierre , Chemtob Abraham , Cloutet Eric , Cramail Henri , Gibanel Sébastien , Gnanou Yves , Héroguez Valérie , Quéméner Damien , Radhakrishnan Bindushree 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of core–shell latex particles is discussed in this paper. Various macromonomers have been engineered and used as steric reactive stabilizers to render these particles surface active. Latexes of polystyrene, polynorbornene and polyurethane have been obtained in aqueous, organic and supercritical CO2dispersant media. The fields of application of these original materials are also discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Perspectives on the use of the problem‐solving model from the viewpoint of a school psychologist, administrator, and teacher from a large midwest urban school district
Authors: Lau Matthew Y. , Sieler Jay D. , Muyskens Paul , Canter Andrea , VanKeuren Barbara , Marston Doug 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Minneapolis Public School System has been implementing an intervention‐based approach to special education placement. This Problem‐Solving Model (PSM) was designed to de‐emphasize the role of norm‐referenced tests and to provide early instructional interventions. The basic outline of the PSM is to define the problem, determine the best interventions to address this problem, implement interventions and monitor their effectiveness, and repeat the cycle as needed. In this article, we present a case study of a student moving through this process. We also discuss how movement toward a data‐based decision‐making process impacts the roles of school psychologists, administrators, and special education teachers. Common questions regarding the model are addressed, and tips for effective implementation of a problem‐solving model are outlined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 117–127, 2006.
Differences in the allosteric modulation by phenytoin of the binding properties of the σ1 ligands [3H](+)‐pentazocine and [3H]NE‐100
Authors: Cobos Enrique J. , Lucena Gema , Baeyens José M. , Del Pozo Esperanza 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of phenytoin (DPH) on the binding to synaptosomal fraction membranes from guinea pig brain of the prototypic sigma1 (σ1) receptor agonist [3H](+)‐pentazocine and the putative σ1 antagonist [3H]NE‐100. Equilibrium and binding kinetics studies were done. The order of affinity of 12 σ1 ligands for binding sites labeled with [3H](+)‐pentazocine correlated well with their order of affinity for sites labeled with [3H]NE‐100, suggesting that both radioligands label the same receptor. Phenytoin increased the binding of [3H](+)‐pentazocine, enhancing its affinity (KD value) for σ1 receptors and decreasing its dissociation rate from these receptors. The maximal number of receptors (Bmax value) labeled with [3H](+)‐pentazocine was not changed. In contrast, phenytoin decreased the specific binding and maximal number of receptors labeled with [3H]NE‐100, and increased its dissociation rate from σ1 receptors. The affinity of this radioligand for σ1 receptors was not modified. In conclusion, phenytoin behaved as a positive allosteric modulator on the binding of [3H](+)‐pentazocine, whereas it negatively modulated the binding of [3H]NE‐100. These results add evidence in favor of the use of phenytoin in vitro to distinguish between agonists and antagonists of σ1 receptors. Synapse 59:152–161, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solutions for the grid integration of wind farms—a survey
Authors: Bousseau Pierre , Fesquet Floriane , Belhomme Régine , Nguefeu Samuel , Thai Thanh Chau 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article presents a survey of different possible technical solutions for the grid integration of wind farms. These solutions concern the main problems encountered today and, whenever possible, examples of actual implementation in wind farm projects are given. More specifically the following types of solutions are discussed: choice of an appropriate wind turbine generator technology; solutions based on co‐ordinated wind farms and power system operation; reactive compensation and voltage control systems; fault ride‐through systems; energy storage systems; current limitation devices; directional protections; etc. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term wind forecasting using off‐site observations
Authors: Larson Kristin A. , Westrick Kenneth 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAccurate wind energy forecasts can be an essential component for economic viability of a wind project. Timely and accurate short‐term (hours) forecasts can increase the electric grid efficiency and minimize ancillary or other firming requirements, ultimately resulting in reduced costs. This article investigates the use of off‐site observations, at distances up to 200 km from the wind farm, as predictors in statistical forecast techniques. In combination with on‐site and off‐site observations, fine‐scale numerical weather predictions can also be used to further increase forecast accuracy at these short forecast horizons. An example from the Pacific Northwest of the USA is described. It is shown that significant forecast improvements are feasible when using off‐site observations and/or mesoscale numerical weather predictions in statistical forecast algorithms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Habitat‐specific responses in the flowering phenology and seed set of alpine plants to climate variation: implications for global‐change impacts
Authors: Kudo Gaku , Hirao Akira S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe timing of the snowmelt is a crucial factor in determining the phenological schedule of alpine plants. A long‐term monitoring of snowmelt regimes in a Japanese alpine area revealed that the onset of the snowmelt season has been accelerated during the last 17 years in early snowmelt sites but that such a trend has not been detected in late snowmelt sites. This indicates that the global warming effect on the snowmelt pattern may be site‐specific. The flowering phenology of fellfield plants in an exposed wind‐blown habitat was consistent between an unusually warm year (1998) and a normal year (2001). In contrast, the flowering occurrence of snowbed plants varied greatly between the years depending on the snowmelt time. There was a large number of flowering species in the fellfield community from mid‐ to late to late June and from mid‐ to late July. The flowering peak of an early‐melt snowbed plant community was in the middle of the flowering season and that of a late‐melt snowbed community was in the early flowering season. These habitat‐specific phenological patterns were consistent between 1998 and 2001. The effects of the variation in flowering timing on seed‐set success were evaluated for an entomophilous snowbed herb, Peucedanum multivittatum, along the snowmelt gradient during a 5‐year period. When flowering occurred prior to early August, mean temperature during the flowering season positively influenced the seed set. When flowering occurred later than early August, however, the plants enjoyed high seed‐set success irrespective of temperature conditions if frost damage was absent. These observations are probably explained based on the availability of pollinators, which depends not only on ambient temperature but also on seasonal progress. These results suggest that the effects of climate change on biological interaction may vary depending on the specific habitat in the alpine ecosystem in which diverse snowmelt patterns create complicated seasonality for plants within a very localized area.
Host plant acceptance by the phytophagous mite Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida is affected by the availability of a refuge on the leaf surface
Authors: Oku Keiko , Yano Shuichi , Takafuji Akio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe used 11 wild plants to experimentally test the effects of leaf trichomes and leaf quality on host plant acceptance by a phytophagous spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai, in the absence of predators. There was a positive correlation between leaf hair traits (height/density) and host plant acceptance. We used two model plants (Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus lunatus; the former had higher and denser leaf hairs than the latter) to examine the effects of leaf hairs on the dispersal and fecundity of T. kanzawai in the presence of a predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi. In the presence of N. womersleyi, significantly fewer T. kanzawai females dispersed from a P. vulgaris leaf than from a P. lunatus leaf. Moreover, in the presence of the predator the fecundity of T. kanzawai females on P. lunatus was significantly lower than on P. vulgaris, although in terms of host quality the two plants were equivalent. In the presence of N. womersleyi, T. kanzawai females on P. vulgaris spent more time on webs than those on P. lunatus. Moreover, webs seemed to be less accessible than leaf surfaces to the predator. These results suggest that leaf hairs provide a refuge for T. kanzawai adult females.
Blow-up and nonexistence of sign changing solutions to the Brezis–Nirenberg problem in dimension three
Authors: Ben Ayed Mohamed , El Mehdi Khalil , Pacella Filomena 
Published: December 2005

In this paper we study low energy sign changing solutions of the critical exponent problem

(\mathrm{P}_{\lambda }):\:−\mathrm{\Delta }u = u^{5} + \lambda u

in

Ω

,

u = 0

on

∂Ω

, where

Ω

is a smooth bounded domain in

\mathbb{R}^{3}

and

λ

is a real positive parameter. We make a precise blow-up analysis of this kind of solutions and prove some comparison results among some limit values of the parameter

λ

which are related to the existence of positive or of sign changing solutions.

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous étudions les solutions changeant de signe et à énergie minimale du problème avec exposant critique

(\mathrm{P}_{\lambda })\text{}:\:−\mathrm{\Delta }u = u^{5} + \lambda u

dans

Ω

,

u = 0

sur

∂Ω

, où

Ω

est un domaine borné et régulier de

\mathbb{R}^{3}

et

λ

est un paramètre réel strictement positif. Nous faisons une analyse précise du 'blow-up’ de ce type de solutions et nous prouvons des résultats de comparaisons pour certaines valeurs limites du paramètre

λ

qui sont liées à l'existence des solutions positives ou des solutions changeant de signe.
Third Place—Resident Clinical Science Award 1997: Thermoprotective Mechanisms of Irrigation during Bipolar Cautery
Authors: Donzelli Joseph , Leonetti John P. , Bergstrom Richard , Wurster Robert D. , Young M. Rita I. 
Published: December 2005

Bipolar cautery is routinely used in operations of the head and neck, as well as in other specialties, both for dissection and for achieving hemostasis. Whereas simultaneous irrigation is frequently used to minimize neuronal injury, its effectiveness has not been tested under controlled conditions. Our objectives in this study were to test the hypothesis that including irrigation during bipolar cautery is thermoprotective and to identify the mechanisms underlying the thermoprotective effect. The thermoprotective role of irrigation with bipolar cautery was tested in a rat model in which the sciatic nerve was exposed and a 1‐second stimulus at 40 or 20 watts was applied with bipolar cautery forceps placed directly on the nerve in the presence or absence of simultaneous irrigation. We used the Sciatic Functional Index as used to quantitate the degree of paresis induced. The results showed that simultaneous irrigation reduced the percentage of animals showing paresis. This effect was significant for animals exposed to 40‐ and 20‐watt cautery. The mechanism for the reduction in the degree of paresis by irrigation could not be attributed to a lowering of the maximal temperature achieved after bipolar cautery. Instead, the thermoprotective mechanism of the irrigation involved an enhanced recovery to basal temperatures when measured at 15 seconds after nerve stimulation with 40 or 20 watts. Reducing the power from 40 watts to 20 watts did not significantly lessen the tissue temperature. The results of this study suggest that irrigation done simultaneously with bipolar cautery enhances temperature recovery to basal levels and plays a role in thermoprotection against the effects of cautery.
Hair Cell Recovery in the Chinchilla Crista Ampullaris after Gentamicin Treatment: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: López Ivan , Honrubia Vicente , Lee Seung‐Chul , Li Gang , Beykirch Karl 
Published: December 2005

The mechanisms for hair cell recovery were investigated after intraotic application of 50 μg gentamicin into the perilymphatic space of the superior semicircular canal of the chinchilla. Histologic evaluation of one normal group and four posttreatment groups (7, 14, 28, and 56 days) was made with light and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The numeric changes of hair cells and supporting cells was quantified with the dissector technique. At 7 and 14 days after treatment, no type I hair cells were present, and 85% and 88% of type II hair cells were lost. Supporting cells decreased to 76% at 7 days, but they recovered to 91% at 14 days. Recovery of the epithelia was evident 28 days after treatment; 83% were type II hair cells, and 3% were type I hair cells. The supporting cell number remained close to normal (86%). Between 14 and 28 days after treatment, there was an increase of 1758 of type II hair cells, representing approximately 125 new hair cells per day. At the same time interval the number of supporting cells remained near normal. These results suggest that new hair cells might be the result of supporting cell mitotic division and differentiation.
Nitric Oxide is a Regulator of Mucociliary Activity in the Upper Respiratory Tract
Authors: Runer Thomas , Cervin Anders , Lindberg Sven , Uddman Rolf 
Published: December 2005

The in vitro effects of the nitric oxide (NO) substrate L‐arginine on ciliary beat frequency and the in vivo effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on mucociliary activity were investigated in the rabbit maxillary sinus mucosa with photoelectric techniques. L‐Arginine increased ciliary beat frequency in vitro with a maximum response of 27.1% ± 6.4% at 10‐3mol/L, and this effect was reversibly blocked by pretreatment with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine, whereas D‐arginine had no such effect. SNP increased mucociliary activity in vivo, the peak response of 36.8% ± 4.2% being obtained at the dose of 30.0 μg/kg. No tachyphylaxis was observed after repeat challenge with SNP. The increase in mucociliary activity caused by SNP was largely unaffected by pretreatment with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac, and the cholinergic antagonist atropine. The nonselective β‐blocker propranolol delayed the peak response of SNP to 7 to 8 minutes after challenge, compared with 1 to 2 minutes after challenge in animals without pretreatment. The results show the NO substrate L‐arginine and the NO donor SNP to have ciliostimulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The occurrence of NOS production in the sphenopalatine ganglion and sinus mucosa of the rabbit was studied by immunohistochemistry for NOS activity or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase histochemistry. The latter is an indirect sign of neuronal NOS activity. Numerous NOS‐containing cell bodies were seen in the sphenopalatine ganglion; in the sinus mucosa a moderate supply of thin NOS‐immunoreactive nerve fibers was seen. Taken together, the morphologic findings and the functional results indicate NO to be a regulator of mucociliary activity in upper airways.
Palatoplasty for Snoring: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Surgical Methods
Authors: Clarke R. W. , Yardley M. P. J. , Davies C. M. , Panarese A. , Clegg R. T. , Parker A. J. 
Published: December 2005

In a randomized, controlled trial, 62 patients (47 men and 15 women) with severe antisocial snoring, but no sleep apnea, were allocated to one of three surgical treatments. These were uvulopalato‐pharyngoplasty, laser palatoplasty, and diathermy palatoplasty. Postoperative morbidity was measured on a visual analogue scale of severity of pain, dysphagia, and nasal regurgitation at 1, 2, and 7 days after the operation. Efficacy of each procedure was measured by asking the sleeping partner to record the severity of snoring before and after the operation, again on a visual analogue scale. Measurements were taken at 1, 3, and 6 months. There were no significant differences in early postoperative morbidity among the treatment groups. Diathermy palatoplasty is a new technique for the relief of snoring that is associated with low morbidity and requires little in the way of expensive equipment.
Event attributes and the content of psychotic experiences in first-episode psychosis
Authors: RAUNE DAVID , BEBBINGTON PAUL , DUNN GRAHAM , KUIPERS ELIZABETH 
Published: December 2005

Background. Previous psychosocial stress research, contemporary cognitive models, and new cognitive behavioural treatments for psychosis converge in suggesting that stressful events influence the content of psychotic experiences. In this paper we test whether the attributes of stressful events preceding the initial onset of psychosis are associated with core themes of the illness.Method. Forty-one people who had experienced a first episode of psychosis were assessed on the attributes of stressful events occurring in the year before onset, the themes (persecutory, depressive, and grandiose) associated with their delusions and the content of their auditory hallucinations.Results. Principal component analysis yielded four components accounting for 72% of the variance. As hypothesized, intrusive events were associated with the development of delusions with persecutory themes. Grandiose delusions were negatively associated with loss events. Depressive delusions appear to be associated with danger events rather than loss events.Conclusion. There are links between stressful event attributes and core psychotic themes at first-episode psychosis. This has implications for theoretical models of, and early psychological intervention for, psychosis.