bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin A Anti‐tissue Transglutaminase Antibody Deposits in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Children With No Villous Atrophy
Authors: Tosco Antonella , Maglio Maria , Paparo Francesco , Rapacciuolo Luciano , Sannino Anna , Miele Erasmo , Barone Maria Vittoria , Auricchio Renata , Troncone Riccardo 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives:Anti‐tissue transglutaminase (anti‐TG2) immunoglobulin A (IgA) autoantibodies are detectable in the serum of most patients with untreated celiac disease (CD). Their deposits in the intestine of patients with CD with severe enteropathy are considered specific for this condition. The histological spectrum of CD includes cases with normal villous architecture. The aim of this study was to look for anti‐TG2 IgA deposits in the intestine of children with normal villous architecture and to relate them with other markers of gluten sensitivity.Patients and Methods:A total of 57 children with normal duodenal villous architecture and markers of gluten sensitivity were considered. Of those, 39 showed positive serum anti‐endomysium antibodies and/or high levels of anti‐TG2 antibodies (group 1), and 18 were seronegative with only a greater density of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (group 2). Thirty‐four children with no markers of gluten sensitivity and a normal mucosa represented the control group (group 3). The duodenal sections of all patients were investigated for deposited anti‐TG2 IgA by double immunofluorescence. Human lymphocyte antigen molecular typing was performed.Results:In group 1 and in group 2, 33 of 39 children (85%) and 12 of 18 children (66%) showed subepithelial anti‐TG2 IgA intestinal deposits, respectively. Only in 3 of 34 (8.8%) children with no markers of gluten sensitivity were anti‐TG2 IgA deposits noted.Conclusions:A subgroup of children with no serum CD‐associated autoantibodies, but greater density of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes, shows a clear anti‐TG2 IgA deposition in the duodenal mucosa. These children must be investigated further for possible gluten sensitivity.
Mandarin Juice Improves the Antioxidant Status of Hypercholesterolemic Children
Authors: Codoñer‐Franch Pilar , López‐Jaén Ana B , Muñiz Pilar , Sentandreu Enrique , Bellés Victoria Valls 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:Oxidative stress has been linked to such degenerative diseases as atherosclerosis, and it has been suggested that increased dietary intake of antioxidants may reduce its progression.Objective:To determine the effect of mandarin juice consumption on biomarkers related to oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic children.Materials and Methods:The diet of 48 children with plasma cholesterol >200 mg/dL and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol >130 mg/dL was supplemented for 28 days with 500 mL/day of pure (100%) mandarin juice (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). The composition of the mandarin juice was analyzed, and its antioxidant antiradical activity was evaluated in vitro. Malondialdehyde, carbonyl groups, vitamins E and C, erythrocyte‐reduced glutathione, and plasma lipids were measured at the onset and at the end of the supplementation period. The paired Student t test was used to compare values before and after supplementation.Results:Mandarin juice exerted a strong antioxidant effect mainly due to its high hydroxyl activity and, to a lesser extent, to its superoxide scavenger activity. At the end of the study, levels of the plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly decreased (malondialdehyde −7.4%, carbonyl groups −29.1%, P < 0.01), whereas the plasma antioxidants vitamin E and C (13.5%, P < 0.001 and 68.2%, P < 0.00001, respectively) and intraerythrocyte glutathione level (36.7%, P < 0.00001) were significantly increased. Plasma lipids and antibodies to oxidized low‐density lipoproteins remained unchanged.Conclusions:Regular ingestion of mandarin juice significantly reduces plasma biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidation and enhances the antioxidant status of consumers.
Frequencies of Genetic Polymorphisms of TLR4 and CD14 and of HLA‐DQ Genotypes in Children With Celiac Disease, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, or Both
Authors: Dezsőfi A , Szebeni B , Hermann CS , Kapitány A , Veres G , Sipka S , Körner A , Madácsy L , Korponay‐Szabó I , Rajczy K , Arató A 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives:Besides the central role of the adaptive immune system, a disturbance of innate immunity is also involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). Inasmuch as CD and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) frequently coexist because of a common genetic predisposition, our aim was to study the frequency of CD14 C‐260T and TLR4 A+896G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the distribution of HLA‐DQ genotypes in children affected by CD, T1DM, or both.Patients and Methods:TLR4 and CD14 SNPs were tested by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 80 children with T1DM, 100 children with CD, and 47 children with both CD and T1DM. Determination of HLA‐DQ alleles was done by sequence‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Frequencies were compared with those of healthy control children.Results:The prevalence of the homozygous CD14 C‐260TT genotype was significantly (P = 0.0081) lower in children with T1DM but not in those with CD and T1DM, compared with control children. No difference was found in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR4 between the studied groups. In patients with T1DM, the frequency of the homozygous HLA‐DQ8 genotype was significantly higher than in CD, whereas the frequency of homozygous or heterozygous HLA‐DQ2 genotypes did not differ from that in control children. In patients with CD, both homozygous and heterozygous HLA‐DQ2 genotypes were significantly more frequent than in the control and T1DM groups, and no elevation in the frequency of the HLA‐DQ8 genotypes was observed. In patients with T1DM and those with CD and T1DM, the occurrence of HLA‐DQ2/8 heterozygosity was significantly higher than in children with CD only and in control children.Conclusions:Our results suggest that in patients with T1DM, the CD14 C‐260TT homozygous genotype increases the risk for the development of CD. The distribution of HLA‐DQ genotype is different in children with CD and T1DM than in children with CD or T1DM only. Determination of the HLA‐DQ genotype in children with T1DM may help in estimating the risk for the development of CD.
Compliance With Gluten‐free Diet in Children With Coeliac Disease
Authors: Jadrešin Oleg , Mišak Zrinjka , Sanja Kolaček , Sonicki Zdenko , Žižić Vesna 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives:Coeliac disease (CD) is a lifelong disorder with gluten‐induced manifestations in different organs. Gluten‐free diet (GFD) is required to achieve remission and prevent complications; however, study reports on GFD growth effect are not consistent.Methods:Compliance with GFD was estimated according to current body mass and height; presence of anaemia and other signs and symptoms; and attitude toward GFD.Results:Seventy‐one patients with CD (mean age = 12 years; mean age after CD diagnosis = 9 years) were examined and their blood sampled for determination of endomysial antibodies (EMA), haemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Questionnaire analysis revealed 42 (59.1%; 4 EMA positive) patients to be on strict GFD, 19 (26.8%; 5 EMA positive) were taking small amounts of gluten, and 10 (14.1%; all EMA positive) were not on a diet at all. The patients on strict GFD had greatest body height, yet the difference was not significant. These patients also had a higher mean body mass (P = 0.05) and significantly higher mean haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin levels (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Apart from chronic fatigue in patients on partial diet (P = 0.05), patient groups did not differ significantly in the frequency of symptoms. Anaemia and delayed puberty were recorded only in noncompliers (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Noncompliers often found the specific diet to pose a major life burden (P < 0.01) and did not visit a gastroenterologist on a regular basis (P < 0.01).Conclusions:Almost half of the coeliac patients were likely to abandon GFD without experiencing major symptoms, thus increasing the risk for developing complications later in life. An active attitude is required in the follow‐up of patients with CD.
Wages and Wage Determination in 2001
Authors: Watts Martin J. 
Published: August 2008

The number of employees covered by certified agreements increased during 2001, but wage determination remained fragmented. The inflationary impact of higher oil prices and the depreciation of the Australian dollar in the second half of 2000, when the economy was also absorbing the impact of the GST, threatened the wage targets of the Reserve Bank. Contrary to expectations, wage growth remained modest. The Commission again adopted a compromise Safety Net Decision in May. The review concludes that, notwithstanding the improvement in the conditions of employment of some non-standard employees following successful cases brought to Federal and State Commissions, the balance of forces between employers and employees has fundamentally shifted over the last decade and this has impacted on wage outcomes. This reflects a combination of workplace reform, in particular the Workplace Relations Act, and the associated structural change in the labour market.
Facies and ground‐penetrating radar characteristics of coarse‐grained beach deposits of the uppermost Pleistocene glacial Lake Algonquin, Ontario, Canada
Authors: PASCUCCI VINCENZO , MARTINI I. PETER , ENDRES ANTHONY L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe lithofacies of the uppermost Pleistocene (ca11 800 to 10 400 14C yr bp), cold‐temperate, coarse‐grained beach deposits of Lake Algonquin, the precursor of the present Lake Huron of North America, have been studied and interpreted based on analogous features of modern beaches from the same region. Ice foot and ice‐cementation develop during winter but, unlike Arctic beaches, ice‐related sedimentary features are seldom, if ever, preserved in the Pleistocene and recent deposits of the Great Lakes. Instead, the deposits retain the typical characteristics of wave‐dominated, pure gravel and mixed sand and gravel beaches, there including the classical subdivision of infill zone, swash zone/sand run, imbricated zone, coarse flat‐clast zone and coastal dunes. These zones form a regular succession on the surface of many modern beaches; however, they seldom occur as quasi‐complete vertical successions in older deposits. In the studied uppermost Pleistocene deposits, the various components are separated vertically by erosional contacts (bounding surfaces) readily recognizable on working faces of large sand and gravel pits and mappable in the subsurface by ground‐penetrating radar. The lithofacies are sufficiently diagnostic to allow recognition of depositional settings, and the lithofacies architecture allows the deciphering of important geological events, such as: (i) local input of fluvial material onto the shoreface, where it was partially reworked by waves and moved onto the beachface; (ii) occurrence of major storm events; and (iii) repeated rapid transgressions and regressions typical of the glacial‐lake precursors of the modern Great Lakes.
Facies changes and diagenetic processes across the Permian–Triassic boundary event horizon, Great Bank of Guizhou, South China: a controversy of erosion and dissolution
Authors: COLLIN PIERRE‐YVES , KERSHAW STEVE , CRASQUIN‐SOLEAU SYLVIE , FENG QINGLAI 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Permian–Triassic boundary interval in shallow shelf seas of South China shows Upper Permian limestones overlain by lowermost Triassic microbialites. Global sea‐level rose across the Permian–Triassic boundary, but an irregular top‐Permian erosion surface across a 10 km north–south transect of the Great Bank of Guizhou contains evidence of sea‐level fluctuation. The surface represents the ‘event horizon’ of mass extinction, below the biostratigraphic Permian–Triassic boundary defined by first appearance datum of conodont Hindeodus parvus. An Upper Permian foraminiferal grainstone beneath this surface contains geopetal sediments, etched grains, and pendent and meniscus cements interpreted here as vadose. However, these latter diagenetic processes occurred before the event horizon and were followed by erosion of the final Permian surface. This erosion cuts previous fabrics but lacks evidence of weathering or bioerosion. A few centimetres below is an earlier grainstone that was also eroded but lacks proof of sub‐aerial processes. Samples therefore reveal one, or possibly two, small‐scale relative sea‐level changes before the Triassic transgression in this area, and these may relate to local tectonics. The final Permian surface is subject to at least four interpretations: (i) sub‐aerial physical erosion and dissolution by carbon dioxide‐enriched fresh water or carbon dioxide‐enriched mixed water, prior to Triassic transgression; (ii) sub‐aerial physical erosion overprinted by dissolution related to carbon dioxide‐enriched sea water in the Early Triassic transgression; (iii) submarine dissolution affected by acidified sea water due to rapid increase in volcanically‐derived carbon dioxide and oxidized methane released from marine clathrates; (iv) submarine dissolution due to acid anoxic waters rising across the continental shelf, unrelated to atmospheric carbon dioxide or oxidized methane. Field and petrographic evidence suggests that (i) is the simplest option; and it is possible that (ii) and (iii) occurred, but none are proved. Option (iv) is unlikely given the evidence and modelling of supersaturation of upwelled waters with respect to bicarbonate.
Knowledge generation and utilisation in occupational therapy: Towards epistemic reflexivity
Authors: Kinsella Elizabeth Anne , Whiteford Gail Elizabeth 
Published: August 2008

Aim:  The purpose of this article is to consider the ways in which theory generation, and hence knowledge generation, in occupational therapy is a complex social process, and therefore carries (often hidden) responsibilities for those who are part of our epistemic community. An epistemic community is a knowledge‐producing community, who apply their standards of credibility, and epistemic values, to theory choice. In occupational therapy this community is comprised of a worldwide group of scholars and practitioners. Methods:  We propose that epistemic reflexivity can be used to critique and contribute to our disciplinary knowledge and to critically consider ‘who’ makes epistemological choices in our profession, and the consequent implications for the theories we adopt. The purpose of this article is to make these relations explicit so that scholars and therapists can become increasingly conscious and empowered with respect to their contributions to occupational therapy's epistemic community. To demonstrate an application of epistemic reflexivity, we critically consider a theoretical construction that has been widely adopted by the international occupational therapy community: evidence‐based practice. Results:  As authors, we engage in epistemic reflexivity to critically consider the challenge posed by evidence‐based practice. We propose a conception of practice knowledge that is informed by evidence yet based on a conception of wise practice. Conclusion:  Our intention is to stimulate discussion and debate in occupational therapy's epistemic community, a number of approaches for fostering epistemic reflexivity in occupational therapy are suggested.
Effect of gluten‐free diet on preventing recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease–related symptoms in adult celiac patients with nonerosive reflux disease
Authors: Usai Paolo , Manca Roberto , Cuomo Rosario , Lai Maria Antonia , Russo Luigi , Boi Maria Francesca 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In Celiac Disease (CD) the role of a gluten‐free diet (GFD) on gastroesophageal reflux disease–related symptoms (GERD‐rs) is unclear. The aim of this study was to establish the recurrence of GERD‐rs, in CD patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD).Methods:  From a total of 105 adult CD patients observed, 29 who presented with the NERD form were enrolled in the study. Thirty non‐CD patients with NERD were studied as controls. Recurrence of GERD‐rs was clinically assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months follow‐up (FU) after withdrawal of initial proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment for 8 weeks.Results:  GERD‐rs were resolved in 25 (86.2%) CD patients and in 20 (66.7%) controls after 8 weeks of PPI treatment. In the CD group, recurrence of GERD‐rs was found in five cases (20%) at 6 months but in none at 12, 18, and 24 months while in the control group recurrence was found in six of 20 controls (30%), in another six (12/20, 60%), in another three (15/20, 75%), and in another two (17/20, 85%) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months FU respectively.Conclusions:  The present study is the first to have evaluated the effect of a GFD in the nonerosive form of GERD in CD patients, by means of clinical long‐term follow‐up, suggesting that GFD could be a useful approach in reducing GERD symptoms and in the prevention of recurrence.
The acetic acid + indigocarmine method in the delineation of gastric cancer
Authors: Iizuka Toshiro , Kikuchi Daisuke , Hoteya Syu , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  For the purpose of precise preoperative diagnosis that ensures complete endoscopic resection, it is important to accurately determine the lateral spread of gastric cancer lesions. The acetic acid + indigocarmine (AI) method used by us has been found to meet this need. This paper reports its usefulness in the determination of lateral spread of gastric cancer before endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Methods:  The present study was conducted in 114 patients who were operated on for an early‐stage gastric cancer, after determining the lateral spread of cancerous lesions by the AI method, between September 2005 and December 2006. The negative lateral stump reaction rate obtained in ESD was conducted in areas delineated by the AI method. The borderline clarification rate obtained by the AI method and the indigocarmine (I) method were compared between the lesions with and without clear borders under observation with the naked eye.Results:  The lateral stump after ESD conducted using the AI method was histologically negative in 111 of the 114 patients (97%). The lesion spread was clarified by the AI method in 103 patients (90%): 55 (95%) and 48 (86%) patients with and without clear macroscopic lesion borders, respectively. Compared to the I method, the AI method clarified the lesion spread in a significantly higher percentage of patients with macroscopically unclear lesion borders (P = 0.015).Conclusion:  The present study stresses that the AI method should be used to conduct ESD more safely and accurately in patients with well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.
Prevalence and risk factors of hepatic steatosis and its impact on liver injury in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Shi Jun‐ping , Fan Jian‐gao , Wu Rui , Gao Xiao‐qian , Zhang Li , Wang Hao , Farrell Geoffrey C 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The clinical significance of hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is unclear. The aims of this study were thus to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in patients with CHB and its relationship with liver injury.Methods:  Consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven CHB at Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital between January 2005 and June 2007 were included. Patients co‐infected with other viruses or suffering from liver disease of any other cause were excluded. Liver steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis were assessed by both Brunt and Scheuer classifications.Results:  A total of 1915 patients (1497 men) with a mean age of 31 ± 9.5 years were analyzed. Hepatic steatosis was present in 260 (14%) patients. The steatosis involved < 33% of hepatocytes in 90% of cases, and was more frequent among men than women (15% vs 8%, P < 0.001). Two‐thirds (178 of 260) of patients with steatosis were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive, but there was no correlation with either serum HBeAg status or hepatitis B virus DNA titer. Degree of inflammation and fibrosis were more mild among those with steatosis than those without. Multivariate analysis showed that steatosis was independently associated with body mass index, serum triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, uric acid, and fasting blood glucose. However, fibrosis was only independently associated with age and inflammatory grade, and the latter associated with viral load and fibrosis stage.Conclusions:  Hepatic steatosis is common in CHB, it is associated with metabolic factors not viral ones, and does not appear to affect the severity of liver disease.
New species of the diatom genus Fryxelliella (Bacillariophyta), Fryxelliella pacifica sp. nov., from the tropical Mexican Pacific
Authors: Hernández‐Becerril David U. , Barón‐Campis Sofía A. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYDuring phytoplankton monitoring of coasts off Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, in the tropical Mexican Pacific, a new species, Fryxelliella pacifica sp. nov., was found and is described in this paper. The species is solitary, with cells of medium size, discoid with three relatively large ocelli on the valve face, located close to the margins (3–5 areolae from the margins) and placed symmetrically. Significantly, it possesses the morphological characters that distinguish the genus Fryxelliella from related genera: the presence of the ‘circumferential marginal tube’ (siphon marginalis), the external subcircular or subtriangular apertures at the valve margins, and the ‘juxtaposed rectangular plates’ in the valve mantle. The species that appears to be the most closely related is Fryxelliella floridana Prasad, an extant species and the type of the genus. However Fryxelliella pacifica differs from it (i) the size and shape of the cell; (ii) the size, location and structure of the ocelli (which additionally are not elevated); (iii) the shape and density of the subcircular to subtriangular marginal apertures; (iv) the external morphology of the rimoportulae (short process, two concentric tubes with the outer tube tip as a crown); and (v) it is marine rather than brackish. Externally the rimoportulae have a rather complex structure of two concentric tubes: the exterior tube has a tip divided like a crown. In spite of the fact this species was found in plankton samples, it is considered to inhabit sandy sediments (epipsammic) or as tychoplanktonic.
Evolution of centric diatoms inferred from patterns of oogenesis and spermatogenesis
Authors: Mizuno Makoto 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYCentric diatoms have three patterns of oogenesis and four patterns of spermatogenesis, yielding a combination of seven patterns. The evolution of these combinations was inferred from differences in character states of the meiotic patterns observed in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we have inferred the evolutionary relationships among centric diatoms based on the evolution of these combinations, the data on occurrence of combinations and a molecular phylogenetic tree. Our results suggested that the last common ancestor of extant diatoms was a bipolar or multipolar centric diatom with the most primitive among extant oogenetic/spermatogenic combinations. Our results also suggested that ancestors of the radial centrics and pennates would have diverged, in that order, from a bipolar or multipolar centric diatom with the most primitive among extant oogenetic/spermatogenic combinations.