bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intercropping on Yield Attributes of Chickpea and Safflower Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes and Population Densities
Authors: Malvi G. C. , Saraf C. S. , Pandey S. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn experiment with eight cropping systems (pure and intercropping) with three levels of irrigations I0, I1 and I2 based on the physiological growth stages of safflower and chickpea was conducted during the rabi (winter) season of 1983—84 and 1984—85. The eight cropping systems were CS1— sole chickpea, CS2— sole safflower, CS3— paired rows of chickpea, CS4— paired rows of safflower, CS5— chickpea + 50% safflower, CS6— safflower + 50% chickpea, CS7— chickpea + 75% safflower and CS8— safflower + 75% chickpea. Sole crop of chickpea always had higher yield component than inter‐cropping. However, none of the yield components in safflower was influenced by intercropping except number and weight of capsules per plant in 1983—84 only. With regard to levels of irrigation chickpea and safflower responded to two irrigations.
A Study on the Establishment of Tropical Grasses and Legumes
Authors: Sangakkara U. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe importance of incorporating compatible legumes into tropical grasslands has been highlighted by many researchers. Thus an experiment was conducted to identify optimum times of establishing tropical grasses and legumes in mixtures. The species selected were Guinea grass (Panicum maximum); Brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and Green leaf (Desmodium intortum).The grasses were established along with and 4 and 8 weeks after the legume. The growth of the species was monitored for 16 weeks. The results identified the importance of prior establishment of the legume to overcome the competitive dominance of the herbage grasses. The growth form of the grasses also had an effect on the success of legume establishment. The legume had no adverse effect on the growth of the grasses.
Vorfruchtwirkungen verschiedener Blattfrüchte auf Winterweizen und Einfluß von Anbaumaßnahmen
Authors: Durst L. , Kahnt G. , Kübler E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEffects of preceding “break crops” on winter wheat and influence of cultural practicesBetween 1979—83 there was tested the effect of 5 “break crops” (biennial alfalfa, clover‐grass, faba bean, winter‐rape, silomaize) on succeeding winter wheat and the interaction with changed cultural practices such as N‐fertilization and conventional or reduced primary tillage (plough ↔ rotary tiller).After the break crops wheat yield decreased within a range of 4 dt/ha as follows: alfalfa → beans → rape/ clover‐grass/maize. Raising N‐fertilization hardly allowed to improve the value of the break crops; most likely that of maize and with rotavating. Adaption of N‐dressings promised greater influence.The manner of primary tillage exerted stronger influence on the yield than the level of N‐fertilization. Concerning long‐term yield the rotary tiller equaled the plough after 4 break crops; after faba bean it was superior. Increasing N‐fertilization tendentially favoured the rotary tiller after bean, rape and maize. Using the rotary tiller, at beginning of growth there may be calculated on 15 % higher NO3‐values and/or higher N‐mineralization or N‐transformation.Eyespot disease could not be prevented sufficiently and purposefully by an other break crop, N‐fertilization or primary tillage. Recurrent rotavating suppressed weed less than ploughing.
Einfluß des Lichtangebotes auf das Wachstum und die biologische Stickstoff‐Fixierung von Weißklee (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: Kessler W. , Boller B. C. , Nösberger J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInfluence of light quantity on growth and biological nitrogen fixation of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)The influence of photon irradiance (Ep; 100 to 500 μmol m−2 s−1) and of the photoperiod (16 or 11 h) on growth and nitrogenase activity of nodulated white clover plants was studied in growth chambers at two nitrate levels (1.0 and 7.5 mM NO3−).Total dry mass production, the root proportion and nitrogenase activity increased with increasing Ep and photoperiod. Nitrogenase activity generally increased proportionally to root mass. Only at low Ep (100 μmol m−2 s−1) and under a short photoperiod (11 h) was the specific nitrogenase activity per unit root mass reduced. An abrupt change in Ep led to a rapid and parallel change in nitrogenase activity and relative growth rate.A higher NO3− concentration in the nutrient solution (7.5 mM) led to a marked decrease in specific nitrogenase activity, but increased growth between 200 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1 during early development only. At 100 μmol m−2 s−1, there was no growth response to nitrate, although its effect on nitrogenase activity was more marked than at a higher Ep.The results show that with changing light quantity, biological nitrogen fixation of white clover adapts to the existing demand for nitrogen and does not limit growth except during early development, even when light supply is low.
Effect of Azolla Application and Plant Spacing on Rice Yield
Authors: Kröck T. , Alkämper J. , Watanabe I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAzolla is a small aquatic fern, that can be used as a green manure for irrigated rice before the transplanting of rice and under the rice crop. In a field experiment the interaction between Azolla application and rice spacing and its effect on the yield of rice in Azolla‐rice dual culture were studied. The rice was planted in double‐narrow‐rows ([53 + 13] × 12cm) and in the regular 20 × 20cm spacing. Azolla was grown together with rice twice and also incorporated into the soil twice. Double‐narrow‐row planting slightly increased the Azolla growth, but reduced the grain yield due to the reduction of tillering by stronger competition between the rice plants. The Azolla application had no effect with double‐narrow‐rows. With 20 × 20cm spacing two Azolla crops had an effect equivalent to 15kg NH4‐N/ha. An appreciable amount of Azolla‐N seemed to be available to the rice plants already 25 days after incorporation.
Flax Seed Proteins Comparison by Various PAGE‐Techniques in Slabs
Authors: Sammour R. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeed proteins of a number of Egyptian, French, and British cultivars of flax have been separately extracted with buffer, and water and buffer respectively, and analyzed by slab electrophoresis: PAGE, SDS‐PAGE, and poro‐SDS‐PAGE (22.5%–10%), and by PAGIF. The protein patterns were compared to find out the best method to differentiate between flax cultivars.The results of the water extracts and the residue extracted with Tris/borate buffer and analyzed on SDS‐PAGE indicated that the approximate MWs of native albumins and globulins ranged from 4.2 to 1.2 and 7.6 to 1.6 × 104, respectively. It is also shown that SDS‐PAGE of globulins extracted with Tris/borate buffer are the method recommended for differentiation of flax cultivars.The data of the total proteins extracted with Tris/HCl buffer and analyzed on SDS‐PAGE under reducing and non‐reducing conditions exhibited 5 disulphide bonded bands which on reduction gave acidic subunits and basic subunits.
Morphological and Physiological Studies Concerning the Drought Tolerance of the Secale cereale × Secale montanum Cross Permontra
Authors: Gordon‐Werner E. , Dörffling K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe root morphology, drought tolerance and heat tolerance of the S. cereale×S. montanum cross Permontra, six cultured S. cereale varieties and the wild rye S. montanum were investigated and the use of membrane stability tests as a selection tool for drought and heat tolerance in rye evaluated.Root length, surface area and lateral density were measured on plants at the three leaf stage. Tolerance to drought, acute heat and chronic heat stress heat was assessed in culture chamber tests on control and drought or heat conditioned potted plants and membrane stability assessed by measuring electrolytic leakage. Permontra had the most extensive root system and was the most drought tolerant variety measured. Permontra was also the most tolerant of the varieties to chronic, though not to acute, heat stress. There was no correlation between drought tolerance in potted plants and membrane stability following either heat or dehydration stress.
Zur Regulierung des Wassertransportes in pilliertem Zuckerrübensaatgut
Authors: Mücke J. D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Regulation of Water Transport in pelleted Sugar‐Beet SeedIt is decisive for the quality of pelleted seed that the access of water to the seed grain through the artificial coat around the seed, for instance in sugar beet, is not inhibited. Therefore coating materials with a substantial composition of a certain structure in layers that allows a control of the water access are optimal.In addition to it a regulation of the water transport to the seed grain and the embryo, respectively, can be achieved, if salts of bi‐ or trivalent metals in doses of 4 to 30 % are added which develop aquacomplexes of changing composition. These aquacomplexes can be regarded as a water reservoir that is able, according to the exterior conditions (temperature, environmental moisture) to release or to bind additionally water to certain limits.In this way not only the germinating ability of seed is being improved, but it is also obtained an increase of field emergence at changing soil moisture, especially in the suboptimal range.
Effect of Soil Applied Herbicids on Weed Flora, Yield Attributes, Oil Content and Constituents in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Ibrahim A. F. , Abusteit E. O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiments showed that superior control of the existing weed flora was obtained by applying: alachlor + linuron, alachlor + chloramben and cyanazine. Herbicidal treatments of alachlor, trifluralin, prometryn and oxadiazon were highly effective in controlling dominant weed species. Some herbicidal treatments produced sunflowers with larger head diameter as compared to unweeded check. As a result of suppressed weed interference, alachlor in combination with linuron or chloramben and cyanazine accounted for the highest seed yield values in 1985 and 1986.Chemical analyses exhibited that sunflower oil content was not affected by weed control applications. Furthermore, oil constituents (oleic, linoleic, steric and palmitic fatty acids) expressed insignificant responses to applied treatments.
Untersuchungen zur Nutzbarkeit des generativen Speicherpotentials von indeterminierten Ackerbohnengenotypen (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Aufhammer W. , Peter M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInvestigations on the utilization of the generative storage potential of indeterminated field bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.)The gradation in seed yield between and within the inflorescences of a field bean plant results from a hierarchical control by way of internal competition in connection with hormonal regulation. Following this hypothesis in genotypes with different yielding capacity (2 inbred lines, 1 hybrid) the two proximal flowers/inflorescence of the nodes 3–6 (counted from the bottom of the plant) were either removed or treated with growth regulators. AMO‐1618 was applied for inhibition of the gibberellic acid biosynthesis, or chlorflurenolmethylester (CFM) for reduction of indole‐3yl acetic acid translocation as both phytohormones might be concerned with the hierarchical control of the storage system. — Independent from yield level a reduction of the used storage potential in control plants up to 50% by treatments was fully compensated for in other regions and positions of the plant. AMO‐1618 application in some cases indicated an increased seed yield/plant, whereas CFM only increased the number of sterile pods/plant. These effects are discussed in relation to the storing efficiency and to yield stability of an indeterminated faba bean plant.
Cumulative Effects of Pre‐sowing Seed Treatment and Foliar Application of Salts in Improving Biomass and Grain Yield of Soybean in Moderate Saline/alkaline Soil
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy P. , Vivekanandan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField trial studies were carried out to find out whether performance of soybean could be improved as a result of pre‐sowing soaking treatment of seeds. Comparatively pre‐sowing seed treatment with KNO3, NaNO3, NaCl, thiourea and di‐Ammonium phosphate (DAP) resulted in better development of the root and shoot system than the control. As a result of pre sowing seed treatment, there was an increase in dry matter production by 44, 27 and 32 % over the control in KNO3, NaNO3 and DAP treatments respectively. Similarly increase in seed yield was noticed in NaNO3 (45 %), KNO3 (40 %) and DAP (50 %) pretreated plants. The number of existing nodules was reduced both in the control and treated plants due to pH (8.4) of the soil.To investigate the cumulative effects of foliar spray on plants raised from pre‐sowing seed treatment, salt solutions (NaCl, KNO3, NaNO3, thiourea, DAP) at optimal level were sprayed separately three times at three different stages of development. As a result of foliar spray moderate increase in growth in KNO3 (20 %), thiourea (29 %) and DAP (25 %) treatment was observed over the control. Seed yield increased significantly (56–70 %) in all treatments except NaCl spray, due to increase in the number of pods (41–63 %) per plant. Foliar spray of nutrients increased protein yield without affecting the oil content. It is suggested that a considerable fertilizer economy may be effected by coupling pre‐sowing seed treatment with foliar fertilization.
Effects of Shading Densities on the Agronomic and Physiological Characters of Two Sugarbeet Cultivars
Authors: Ghandorah M. O. , El‐Rouby M. M. , Al‐Saad F. A. , Al‐Derfasi A. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study was carried out at the Agricultural Experiment Station of King Saud University near Riyadh (26° N, 46° E) during the 1984/85 season to study the effect of shading densities on the agronomic and growth parameters of sugarbeet. Two cultivars were grown under three shading nets with densities of 37, 50 and 70 % in addition to the control (0 % shading = normal sunlight condition).The results indicated that shading affected the growth and the weight of sugarbeet plants and the effects were function of shading density. Root weights were drastically reduced by increasing shading density, whereas top weights were less affected.Increasing shading density resulted in a significant increase in specific leaf area, leaf area ratio while it decreased leaf area index, root weight ration, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate for both cultivars. The interaction between shading densities and sampling dates was significant for most of the studied characters, while that between cultivars and shading densities was significant for root weight and crop growth rates only.
Nitrogen Economy, Biomass Production and Seed Production Potential of Chrysopogon fulvus by Intercropping of Pasture Legumes
Authors: Dwivedi G. K. , Sinha N. C. , Tomer P. S. , Dixit O. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of pasture legumes (Chtoria ternatea, Stylosanthes hamata, Centrosema pubescens, Atylosia scarabaeoides, Macroptelium atropurpureum, Phaseolus lathyroides, Vigna luteola, Glycine javanica used as intercropped element) in terms of nitrogen economy, biomass productivity and seed yield potential of Chrysopogon fulvus— a grass based management maintained for 1980–82 at the Research Farm, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi under rainfed condition. Some legumes i.e. Atylosia scarabaeoides, Centrosema pubescens and Stylosanthes hamata enriched the nitrogen (74–90 kg/ha) status of soil which approximately doubled the biomass production (100–116 q/ha) as well as seed yield (78–81 kg/ha) of Chrysopogon fulvus. Furthermore the increased seed yield of C. fulvus under intercropping of legumes was attributed to its ear production, spike length and potential sink strength inducing the degree of germination (30 %). Potential performance of C. fulvus in the first year as compared to subsequent years might be due to its general transcript of the plant and have some interaction with rainfall. Extremely high and poor rainfall adversely affected the performance of C. fulvus.
Agronomic Factors in Evaluating Forage Crops I. Predicting Quality Measures of Crude Protein and Digestibility from Crop Leafiness
Authors: Kalu B. A. , Fick G. W. , Van Soest P. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStage‐to‐stage changes in leaf percentage, crude protein concentration and in vitro true disgestibility of alfalfa herbage materials of the same age and common harvest dates across there different growing season were determined. Leafiness decreased with advancing crop maturity. Herbage leaf content was closely associated with the total herbage C P and IVTD. When leaf percentage was regressed on quality measures of C P and IVTD, the regression analysis provided highly significant linear relationship for CP(r2= 0.823), IVTD (r2= 0.854) for alfalfa crop diverse in stand and canopy ages, stages of maturity and across locations and seasons of the year. These relationships indicated practical applicability of the use of crop leafiness for predicting the herbage quality.
Loss of Sodium from Mung Bean Shoots to Saline Root Media
Authors: Salim M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a pulse chase experiment, seedlings of mung beans were loaded with radio‐active isotope (22Na) in 50 mM NaCl solution for 4 days. Individual seedlings were transferred to non‐labelled salt solution and the retranslocation of sodium was studied over a period of one week. Growth of seedlings was also studied during this period. Net loss of sodium was observed from roots and stem to the root medium. The leaves accumulated some of the retranslocated sodium as well. The rates of sodium retranslocation and other relevant data are discussed in this paper.
Studies on Pure and Mixed Stands of Wheat and Barley Under Dryland Agriculture Conditions
Authors: Prasad R. , Singh S. , Sharma S. N. , Singh C. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrain yield and yield components were studied in wheat and barley grown in pure and 2:1,1 : 1 and 1 : 2 mixed stands (Wheat : barley row ratio) as well as a 1 : 1 seed blend mixture under dryland agriculture conditions of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Wheat as well as barley produced significantly longer and more ears/m and higher grain yield in mixed stands than in their pure stands. The 2 : 1 wheat : barley mixed stand gave the highest grain yield; 35 % relative yield advantage over mid‐monoculture yield. The 1 : 1 seed blend mixture was inferior to 1 : 1 (Wheat : barley row ratio) mixed stand.
Effect of Imbibition/Dehydration Treatments on Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize (Zest mays) Cultivars
Authors: Geisler G. , Vearasilp S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCaryopses of maize cultivars of different origin were used for germination experiments. During the phase of germination the moisture supply was changed, so that after an initial soaking the kernels were desiccated. Finally the inbibition/dehydration treatments were followed by soaking the kernels to allow seedling growth. This experimental design mirrors natural conditions (in subtropical/tropical climates) which are characterized by short rain and drought periods during the sowing of maize.The maize cultivars were chosen from German and Thai hybrids and open pollinated varieties. In the treatments, the initial imbibitions were 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours; the dehydration periods were 24 and 48 hours. Percentage of regermination, radicle length, number of mesocotyl roots, root and shoot dry weights, were measured as indicative features for evaluation of the resistance against changing moisture content of the kernels during the germination phase.The results show, that a duration of 36 hours of imbibition describes in general the dehydration‐insensitive phase. Dehydration after imbibition periods of 24 (or 48) hours very often lead to a growth acceleration in the following germination after the kernels are imbibed again. If the germination proceeds for a longer period, as tested for 48 or 60 hours, all maize cultivars will show detrimental effects of dehydration on germination and seedling growth. However, there are distinct differences within the material tested, the Thai cultivars being more resistant than German hybrids. The reactions may be explained by differences in the rate of development during the first phase of germination. Slowly germinating genotypes probably pass later the border line from the insensitive to the sensitive phase against dehydration after an initial imbibition of the kernels.
Functional Growth Model for Pod Development in Greengram and Blackgram
Authors: Chandra Babu R. , Kailasam C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIdentification of readily measured traits that are associated with higher productivity of field crops is important to breeders. The objective of this study was to find out whether pod filling rate or duration of pod filling greatly decide final pod weight in greengram and blackgram. The effective pod filling duration is only 16 days in both the crops. Pod filling rate is more important than duration of pod development. Richards function is found to more closely fit the data on pod development from anthesis to maturity in both the species.
Growth Analysis in Relation to Pigeonpea Improvement
Authors: Govil J. N. , Singh S. P. , Ram Hayat 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn attempt was made to assess possible constraints to higher production, with respect to partitioning of total dry matter to reproductive sinks in early pigeonpea. Growth, dry matter accumulation and yield components were determined in four diverse genotypes under four dates of sowing and different plant densities. Data on growth characteristics, dry matter accumulation (vegetative and reproductive) were obtained for three sowings, while the data on yield components were obtained for two dates of sowing. Growth analysis showed that the total dry matter was low upto 30 days after sowing and increased linearly upto 120 days. Coversely, LAD was high for the first 30 days and reduced at later stages of growth. The mean LAI of genotypes did not very much at initial stage of growth. However, it has given interesting picture during 70 to 90 days of growth. The higher biological yield and seed yield were attributable to high LAI and LAD coupled with thick stem, more effective branches, more pods per plant and larger raceme length. Harvest index was the maximum with increased plant populations in all sowings. Indeterminate varieties under high plant density and narrow row spacing (50 cm) developed a large leaf area and were presumably able to make better use of light. Growth and branching of individual plants were reduced at the higher plant population, but on per unit basis more dry matter was produced. It is suggested that breeding should be concentrated to improve an inability to accumulate adequate vegetative dry matter for the maintenance and filling of pods, may force the plant to continue vegetative production into the reproductive dry matter to support production of ultimate seed yield.