bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing gamma‐ray detection: Processing grooved microstructures on LYSO crystal with femtosecond laser
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yu Xin , Cheng Hua , Wang Yuli , Sabet Hamid , Xie Siwei , Xu Jianfeng , Peng Qiyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundGamma‐ray detection plays a crucial role in the fields of biomedicine, space exploration, national defense, and security. High‐precision gamma photon detection relies on scintillation crystals, which attenuate gamma rays through mechanisms such as photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. These interactions generate light signals within the scintillation crystal, which are subsequently converted into electronic signals using photodetectors, enabling accurate readout, and analysis.PurposeImproving the readout efficiency of visible photons in crystal detectors can significantly improve the efficiency of gamma‐ray detection. Scintillator crystals are usually hard and brittle materials, which are difficult to process. In this paper, we innovatively propose the method of using a femtosecond laser to process grooved microstructures on the light output surface of scintillator crystals to improve the detection efficiency, and thus enhance the comprehensive performance of gamma‐ray detection.MethodsOptical simulation software is first used to explore the enhancement of the light output performance by the grooved microstructures. Subsequently, a 5‐dimension system for femtosecond laser processing of scintillator crystals was constructed, which can achieve accurate processing of grooved structures. Finally, the feasibility of the study was verified by applying grooved microstructure on crystal bars and crystal arrays.ResultsTracePro simulation results showed an average efficiency improvement in light output of 33.56% within the groove parameters: spacing from 20 to 140 µm, depth from 8 to 28 µm, and width from 10 to 30 µm. A custom‐designed readout electronic system for gamma detection and a laser processing platform was then constructed to evaluate the feasibility of applying grooved structures to the lutetium‐yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal surface. According to the simulation results, 12 groups of crystal bars were fabricated with spacings from 60 to 140 µm, depths from 7 to 16 µm, and widths from 11 to 14 µm. Experimental results showed an average improvement of 20.4% in light output for the crystal bars, and that of the crystal arrays can be improved by 6.85% on average.ConclusionsThis study introduces a method of using femtosecond lasers to fabricate grooved microstructures on LYSO crystal surfaces, which has demonstrated a significant improvement in light output in both simulation and experimentation. This method can be applied to the production of crystal arrays at a low cost and on a large scale, showing promising potential for common gamma detection applications, such as medical imaging, industry, and astrophysics.
Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients With Wrist Involvement During the Course of Inflammatory Arthritis. A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Perrotta Fabio Massimo , Antenucci Marcella , Zappia Marcello , Lubrano Ennio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic (United States) alterations of the median nerve, the performance of the Kamath screening questionnaire and the clinical examination (Tinel and Phanel test) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with previous or present inflammatory involvement of the radio‐ulno‐carpal joint.Patients and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out. Patients with RA and PsA and clinical symptoms suggestive of CTS were consecutively recruited. The main clinical‐demographic characteristics were collected in all patients. The Kamath questionnaire was administered to all patients during the clinic visit. The US examination was used as a ‘gold‐standard’ for the diagnosis of CTS (transverse nerve area > 12 mm2 and morpho‐structural alterations) and was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Kamath questionnaire and the Tinel and Phanel clinical tests.Results44 patients, 34 patients with RA and 10 patients with PsA were evaluated. 7 (16%) patients had a median nerve cross‐sectional area > 12 mm2, associated with US abnormalities of the nerve. The Kamath questionnaire showed moderate sensitivity values (71.4%) but low specificity (56.7%) for ultrasonographic diagnosis of CTS with a negative predictive value of 91.3%. Clinical tests show low sensitivity but high specificity. No statistically significant correlations were found with the main clinical variables.ConclusionsThe screening questionnaire showed moderate sensitivity but low specificity compared to the ultrasound ‘gold standard’. Clinical tests may support the diagnosis of CTS in these conditions.
Can ChatGPT Implement Finite Element Models for Geotechnical Engineering Applications?
Authors: Kim Taegu , Yun Tae Sup , Suh Hyoung Suk 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the capability of ChatGPT to generate finite element code for geotechnical engineering applications from a set of prompts. We tested three different initial boundary value problems using a hydro‐mechanically coupled formulation for unsaturated soils, including the dissipation of excess pore water pressure through fluid mass diffusion in one‐dimensional space, time‐dependent differential settlement of a strip footing, and gravity‐driven seepage. For each case, initial prompting involved providing ChatGPT with necessary information for finite element implementation, such as balance and constitutive equations, problem geometry, initial and boundary conditions, material properties, and spatiotemporal discretization and solution strategies. Any errors and unexpected results were further addressed through prompt augmentation processes until the ChatGPT‐generated finite element code passed the verification/validation test. Our results demonstrate that ChatGPT required minimal code revisions when using the FEniCS finite element library, owing to its high‐level interfaces that enable efficient programming. In contrast, the MATLAB code generated by ChatGPT necessitated extensive prompt augmentations and/or direct human intervention, as it involves a significant amount of low‐level programming required for finite element analysis, such as constructing shape functions or assembling global matrices. Given that prompt engineering for this task requires an understanding of the mathematical formulation and numerical techniques, this study suggests that while a large language model may not yet replace human programmers, it can greatly assist in the implementation of numerical models.
Delivery of Timely Adjuvant Radiation Among Veterans With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Gulati Jasmine , Shah Anuja , Shah Veranca , Haupt Thomas , Walsh Amanda , Maxwell Jessica H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the rate at which veterans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) received care adhering to National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) guidelines for postoperative radiation and to identify factors associated with non‐adherence. The guidelines recommend initiation of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) within 6 weeks of surgery.Study DesignThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of a pre‐existing database.SettingThis study, performed at the DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, identified patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery with curative intent followed by adjuvant radiation ± chemotherapy between 1991 and 2021.MethodsVariables assessed included patient demographics, cancer stage and site, treatment type, dates of treatment initiation and completion, and adherence to the NCCN guidelines for PORT initiation. Fisher exact test was used to identify factors associated with delays >6 weeks.ResultsAmong the 132 veterans identified, 72 (54.5%) underwent surgery followed by adjuvant PORT. Only 18 veterans (25%) started radiation within 6 weeks of surgery. Patients who underwent a neck dissection at the time of the index surgery (P = .028), dental extraction (P = .032), or gastrostomy tube placement (P = .041) were more likely to experience delays.ConclusionOnly 25% of veterans initiated PORT within 6 weeks. Identifying causes of delays provides an important step in addressing discrepancies between guideline‐directed care and actual care delivered. Development of efficient care pathways to increase guideline‐congruent initiation of PORT should be considered.
Fabrication and reinforcement‐toughening mechanisms of carbon/glass super‐hybrid composites
Authors: Zhao Qitong , Chen Wenguang , Zhang Na , Huang Ming , Mi Liwei , Liu Chuntai , Gao Guoli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObtaining thinner and wider unidirectional tows of fibers is key to achieving a high degree of hybridization, however it remains a significant challenge. Here, an efficient method is developed to produce highly dispersive fiber tows by the synergistic effect of mechanical vibration and airflow disturbance. It is commonly believed that interlaminar hybridization of carbon fiber composites with other fibers shows excellent strength. There is no denying that it still suffers from limited design flexibility, insufficient carbon‐glass hybridization, and suboptimal toughening effects. In this study, we have innovatively designed and fabricated super‐hybrid composites with a higher degree of fiber compounding. As a result, we demonstrated that the tensile modulus and extreme strain of the super‐hybrid composite increased by 19.5% and 26.3%, compared to the interlaminar hybrid composite. Meanwhile, the super‐hybrid fiber composites exhibit excellent dynamic mechanical and impact resistance properties. In addition, based on the impact test, a VUMAT subroutine stem from the 3D Hashin damage model was developed to simulate the impact process. The error between the experimental data and the simulated energy absorption performance is about 10%, indicating that the existing 3D Hashin damage model is still suitable for the prediction of impact performance of hybrid fiber composites.Highlights
A fiber tow spreading method with the synergistic effect of mechanical vibration and airflow disturbance was proposed.
This paper presents a fabrication method of carbon/glass super‐hybrid composites.
A VUMAT subroutine stem from the 3D Hashin damage model was developed to simulate the impact process.
Sustainable optimization of compression molding parameters for high‐performance titanium‐based fiber metal laminates with graphene‐enhanced Kevlar/jute fibers
Authors: Naveen Michael Roger , Kamaraj Logesh , Ponnarengan Hariharasakthisudhan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores the design and optimization of titanium‐based fiber metal laminates (Ti‐FMLs) reinforced with a hybrid core of Kevlar and jute fibers, bonded using a graphene‐enhanced epoxy adhesive. The research systematically investigates the effects of graphene content (0, 1, and 2 wt%), molding pressure (0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 MPa), and curing temperature (250°C, 300°C, and 350°C) on mechanical properties, including tensile strength, Young's modulus, failure strain, flexural strength, impact energy absorption, and peel strength. Using advanced multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) techniques, specifically SWARA (stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis) and CoCoSo (combined compromise solution), the optimal processing parameters were identified. The results reveal that the inclusion of 2 wt% graphene, combined with a curing temperature of 300°C and a molding pressure of 1 MPa, provides superior mechanical performance. The optimized configuration (Kevlar, 2 wt% graphene, 1 MPa, 300°C) achieved the highest tensile strength of 845.3 MPa, Young's modulus of 136.34 GPa, and peel strength of 15 N/mm, while exhibiting improved interfacial bonding and delamination resistance. The Kevlar/jute laminates demonstrated enhanced ductility and impact energy absorption, reaching a peak energy absorption of 16.3 J, making them suitable for applications requiring both high performance and sustainability. The findings emphasize the critical role of graphene nanofillers in improving interfacial adhesion and matrix toughness, while the inclusion of jute fibers highlights the potential for environmentally friendly hybrid composites. This study provides a robust framework for optimizing FMLs for advanced structural applications in aerospace, automotive, and defense industries, for further exploration of sustainable materials and durability.Highlights
Titanium‐based FMLs with graphene‐enhanced Kevlar/jute fibers were developed
2 wt% graphene improved interfacial bonding, boosting strength and modulus
Graphene filler restricted crack growth, improving fiber‐matrix load transfer
Kevlar/jute laminate increased ductility, balanced strength, and sustainability
Optimized molding pressure and temperature‐enhanced mechanical properties
Synthetic Cannabinoids in Sierra Leone: Understanding the Use of ‘Kush’ Among Youths and Its Socioeconomic Impact in Sierra Leone and Sub‐Region
Authors: Lahai Michael , Vandy Ahmed , Turay Alvin , Kolipha‐Kamara Marie , Conteh Eugene 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSierra Leone and neighbouring countries are prone to the proliferation of illicit drugs due to porous borders, weak regulatory frameworks, and the activities of transnational criminal syndicates. Among the emerging drug threats in the region is the synthetic cannabinoid known as ‘Kush’, which has gained immense popularity. The use of this drug has surged in recent years, particularly among Sierra Leonean youths, leading to the declaration of a national state of emergency by the government. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation has been tasked with establishing a National Task Force on drugs and substance abuse to identify treatment and mitigation measures to combat Kush addiction among affected individuals. This commentary highlights the current situation of Kush abuse among youths, its usage patterns and socioeconomic implications for Sierra Leone and the surrounding countries with key recommendations that will inform strategies for prevention, treatment and regulation.
Strategies to Strengthen Iraq's Primary Healthcare System: A Systematic Literature Review With Special Focus on Society 5.0
Authors: Rahim Fakher , Toguzbaeva Karlygash , Aidaraliev Arsen , Dzhusupov Kenesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe primary healthcare (PHC) system is a comprehensive, equitable, and efficient approach to supporting health and social well‐being by offering prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation services close to living environments. The PHC system in Iraq is currently facing issues that limit its effectiveness and efficiency. This research aims to discover strategies to enhance the PHC system in Iraq.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search for articles on initiatives aimed at enhancing the PHC system, covering the period from 1980 to June 2024, using eight databases and Google Scholar. Included articles that met the criteria were analyzed with RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 18,705 articles were extracted. After removing duplicates and items without full text, 15,971 studies remained for title and abstract review, of which 14,175 were removed. Finally, 18 research articles related to PHC strengthening were used. Data collection methods included checking databases (12 studies), interviews (6 studies), focus groups (3 studies), questionnaires, and archival data (15 studies).ConclusionIn the context of Society 5.0, smart technology's practical applications in healthcare aim to enhance decision‐making, patient care, and service delivery. Smart technologies can help policymakers and health administrators make clinical decisions in complex care situations and streamline procedures like paperwork. This ultimately will improve the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services by providing accurate, timely, and personalized information to support decision‐making. When rebuilding and strengthening the PHC system, addressing the historical, social, cultural, and economic variables is important.Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
Learning‐Based Data‐Enable Predictive Control for Trajectory Tracking of Unknown Systems
Authors: Huang Teng , Dai Li , Li Sihang , Lin Min , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the problem of tracking a reference trajectory with high‐accuracy for a controlled object with unknown system dynamics, subject to input and output constraints. To this end, we propose a novel learning‐based data‐enabled predictive control (DeePC) trajectory tracking algorithm, which consists of two main parts: Off‐line training of a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model and online high‐accuracy tracking control by using the probabilistic information obtained from the GPR model. To train the GPR model, we develop a method capable of predicting the output of an unknown system subjected to perturbations and obtaining probabilistic information about the distribution of predicted output. This enables us to utilize the uncertain nature of the predicted output to improve the accuracy of the tracking control. To track the reference trajectory for unknown systems, we extend the DeePC algorithm by leveraging the trained GPR model and behavioral theory. We transform the expected cost function and chance constraints into a more calculable form using the probabilistic information of the predicted output, which allows us to formulate the computationally efficient data‐driven predictive control optimization problem. To demonstrate the high‐accuracy in trajectory tracking performance of our proposed algorithm, we perform a comparison simulation with the DeePC method. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in practical applications, we present a case study on the eight‐shaped trajectory tracking control of a mobile robot. This case study highlights the ability of our proposed algorithm to achieve high‐accuracy trajectory tracking in a real‐world scenario, while satisfying input and output constraints.
End of Life for Low Altitude Ski Resorts? Evidence From a Case Study in the Italian Alps
Authors: Duglio Stefano , Gnesi Ivan , Beltramo Riccardo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSki tourism plays a fundamental role for the economic development of mountain areas, contributing to generating wealth for many mountain communities. The ski industry, however, is extremely climate‐sensitive and the increase in the level of temperature is threatening the future of ski resorts in several parts of the world, especially when considering low altitude installations. This contribution focuses on a micro ski resort in the Northwestern of the Italian Alps at 1550 m. Considering a climatic dataset from 1993 to 2023, we have estimated a time window between 2035 and 2045 in which the average winter minimum temperature will be around 0°C, with a potential of zero‐natural snowfall. These figures open concerns about managing the end of life of the ski resort, with a time window of around 20 years to define the best strategy to be adopted for the future development of the local community.
Sparse testing designs for optimizing resource allocation in multi‐environment cassava breeding trials
Authors: Lubanga Nelson , Ifie Beatrice E. , Persa Reyna , Dieng Ibnou , Rabbi Ismail Yusuf , Jarquin Diego 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of improved cultivars requires establishing multi‐environment trials (METs) to evaluate their performance under a wide range of environmental conditions. However, the high phenotyping costs often limit the capacity to evaluate genotypes in all the target environments. Our main objective was to explore the potential of implementing sparse testing in cassava breeding programs to reduce the cost of phenotyping in METs. The population used in this study consisted of 435 cassava genotypes evaluated in five environments in Nigeria for dry matter (dm) and fresh root yield (fyld). Sparse testing designs were developed based on non‐overlapping (NOL), completely overlapping (OL), and intermediates between NOL and OL genotypes. Three prediction models were assessed (one based on phenotypes only, while two had genomic data). All the three models had a higher predictive ability and a lower mean square error (MSE) when a large training set was used. Predictive ability increased and MSE reduced when genotype‐by‐environment interaction (G × E) was modeled for the same training set sizes and allocations. Predictive ability decreased while MSE increased with the increasing OL genotypes across the environments, suggesting that only a few OL genotypes may be required to set up METs for model training. Sparse testing using a model incorporating G × E could be implemented to reduce cost of phenotyping in cassava METs. If data were available, integrating crop growth models (CGMs) with genomic prediction holds the potential to improve predictive ability. The training population used for sparse testing could be optimized to determine the optimal size and distribution of genotypes to increase the predictive ability and reduce cost under a fixed budget.
Non-degenerate Anisocurved Surfaces in Homogeneous 3-Manifolds
Authors: Albujer Alma L. , dos Santos Fábio R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this manuscript we consider non-degenerate surfaces

$$\Sigma ^2$$

Σ
2

immersed in a 3-dimensional homogeneous space

$$\mathbb {L}^{3}(\kappa ,\tau )$$

L

3

(
κ
,
τ
)

endowed with two different metrics, the one induced by the Riemannian metric of

$$\mathbb {E}^3(\kappa ,\tau )$$

E

3

(
κ
,
τ
)

and the non-degenerate metric inherited by the Lorentzian one of

$$\mathbb {L}^3(\kappa ,\tau )$$

L

3

(
κ
,
τ
)

. Therefore, we have two different geometries on

$$\Sigma ^2$$

Σ
2

and we can compare them. In particular, we can consider the Gaussian curvature functions which respect to both metrics and study the geometry of the surfaces satisfying that both Gaussian curvature functions are opposite. We will call these surfaces anisocurved surfaces. In order to obtain our main results we also need to impose some extra assumptions regarding the extrinsic curvatures with respect to both metrics.
Partial tear of the medial gastrocnemius head
Authors: Berthold Daniel P. , Traub Fabian , Gilbert Fabian , Böcker Wolfgang , Holzapfel Boris , Bormann Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This case report presents the clinical findings and management of a 32-year-old male recreational athlete who presented with ongoing knee pain for 4 months, without a history of trauma. The patient experienced intermittent pain during walking, particularly after prolonged periods of sitting, and exhibited positive findings on meniscus tests. However, he was able to participate in sports activities without pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a partial tear of the medial gastrocnemius head, confirming the diagnosis. Conservative treatment, including rest, physical therapy, and a gradual return to sports activities, led to significant symptom improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering rare injuries, such as isolated tears of the medial gastrocnemius head, in patients with persistent knee pain and meniscal symptoms, even in the absence of traumatic events. Previous reports on this specific injury are sparse, indicating its rarity and underscoring the need for further understanding and documentation.