bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure and lifestyle on Saba, Netherlands Antilles
Authors: Soloway Laura E. , Demerath Ellen W. , Ochs Natalie , James Gary D. , Little Michael A. , Bindon James R. , Garruto Ralph M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDuring the 20th century, infectious disease morbidity and mortality generally waned whereas chronic degenerative diseases posed a growing burden at the global level. The population on Saba, Netherlands Antilles has recently experienced such an epidemiologic transition, and hypertension was reported to be extraordinarily high, although no prevalences have been reported and relationships with lifestyle factors associated with rapid modernization have not been explored. In this study, a medical and demographic questionnaires, as well as body composition and blood pressure measures were collected from 278 Saban men and women aged 18–91 years. When age and sex adjusted, 48% of the population was hypertensive. Age, BMI, and Afro‐Caribbean descent were all associated with higher blood pressures. In a second phase, 124 individuals of the 278 were invited to receive a longer questionnaire on individual exposure to modernizing influences such as travel and education. Higher blood pressure was associated with having lived in fewer different places in the past; those who stayed only on Saba or Statia had higher blood pressures than those who had also lived in more modernized areas. However, this was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for age and BMI. Lifestyle incongruity was positively associated with higher blood pressure in that those with more discord between material wealth and income were more likely to be hypertensive, and this remained statistically significant after adjustment for age and adiposity. In summary, hypertension is highly prevalent on Saba and tended to be associated with greater age, adiposity, Afro‐Caribbean ancestry, and lifestyle incongruity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth in root length of the mandibular canine and premolars in a mixed‐longitudinal orthodontic sample
Authors: Smith Shelley L. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNumerous studies of dental development focusing on eruption (clinical emergence) exist in the literature, but fewer studies examine dental development as a process extending across years or decades, and root development is commonly assessed using fractional root lengths. Here, we examine the growth of mandibular canine and premolar roots in a mixed‐longitudinal sample of orthodontic patients (77 females and 74 males) from north central Texas. Multilevel models are generated for root lengths as a percentage of total tooth lengths (within films) as well as for absolute root lengths (across films). As a percentage of tooth length, roots grow with decreasing velocity through time between 7 and 14 years of age. More complex patterns appear for absolute growth in root length, with girls showing an earlier maximum growth rate for the canine than for the premolars. Substitution of dental age for chronological age reduces between‐subject variation (assessed at age 11), especially for boys. A better understanding of dental maturation, including root length growth, should allow improved prediction models. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why men have shorter lives than women: Effects of resource availability, infectious disease, and senescence
Authors: Møller A.P. , Fincher C.L. , Thornhill R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSenescence arises from age‐specific deterioration of the soma as a consequence of optimization of life history, and such effects of senescence should appear when comparing species that differ in intensity of sexual selection, as well as when comparing, within a species, the two sexes that often differ in intensity of sexual selection. However, any extrinsic cause of mortality that reduces life expectancy will reduce the possibility of detecting sex‐specific differences in senescence. We investigated geographical variation in human sex differences in longevity across 121 countries to test whether differences in sexual competition for limiting resources, reflecting intensity of sexual selection, affected sex differences in longevity. Men on average lived 5 years shorter than women. High rates of childhood morbidity and mortality reduced the sex difference in longevity, while increased overall longevity increased the sex difference in longevity. Increased resource availability estimated from gross domestic product per capita reduced the sex difference in longevity, accounting for 10% of the variance, while there was no additional effect of income inequality as reflected by the Gini coefficient. In a separate analysis of sex differences in longevity among the states of the US, there was a strong effect of the Gini coefficient on sex difference in longevity, with the negative effect on male longevity being stronger than that on female longevity. In contrast, there was only a marginal effect of average household income. Thus, there was evidence of increased competition for resources contributing to increased sex differences in longevity within a single nation. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long sleep duration and childhood overweight/obesity and body fat
Authors: Padez Cristina , Mourao Isabel , Moreira Pedro , Rosado Vitor 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo assess the association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity and body fat (BF) and to identify correlates of short sleep duration in a sample of Portuguese children. A cross‐sectional study of children 7–9 years (n = 4511) was performed between October 2002 and June 2003. Weight, height, and skinfolds were measured, and parents filled out a questionnaire about family characteristics as well as sleep duration. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and BF (%) both decreased by long sleep duration. After adjusted for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) for overweight/obesity and sleep duration were as follows: reference >11 h/d; 10–11 h/d, OR: 1.3; confidence interval (CI):1.26, 1.33; 9–10 h/d, OR: 1.16; CI: 1.13, 1.19; and <9 h, OR: 3.22; CI: 3.11, 3.32. Children whose parents' had a low educational level slept less time during each night than children whose parents' had a higher educational level; children who spent more time watching television slept less time than those who watched less television, and those children engaged in physical activity slept more time each night than sedentary children. Our results showed an inverse relationship between long sleep duration and overweight/obesity prevalence as well as with body fat, and these findings are important because sleep duration is a potentially modifiable risk factor that could be important to consider in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for serious injury in Finnish agriculture
Authors: Rautiainen Risto H. , Ledolter Johannes , Donham Kelley J. , Ohsfeldt Robert L. , Zwerling Craig 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies indicate 20% of injuries represent 80% of injury costs in agriculture. To help prevent the most costly injuries, we aimed to identify characteristics and risk factors associated with serious injuries.MethodsWe analyzed insurance records of 93,550 self‐employed Finnish farmers. We ranked injury causes by claim cost and used multiple logistic regressions to identify risk factors for (any) injury and serious injury (injuries exceeding claim costs of €2000).ResultsA total of 5,507 compensated injuries occurred in 2002 (rate 5.9/100 person‐years), and 1,167 or 21% of them (rate 1.25/100 person‐years) were serious. The causes/sources resulting in highest average claim costs were motor vehicles; stairs, scaffoldings, and ladders; trailers and wagons; floors, walkways, and steps; other structures and obstacles; augers, mills, and grain handling equipment; horses; combines and harvesting equipment; tractor steps; and uneven and slippery terrain. Older age, male gender, higher income level, greater field size, residing on the farm, Finnish language (vs. Swedish), occupational health service (OHS) membership, and animal production were risk factors for injury. The risk factors for serious injury were similar; however, the effects of age, income level, and the raising of horses were more prominent. Language, residence, ownership status, and OHS membership were not risk factors for serious injury.ConclusionsCost‐effective prevention efforts should address the following risk factors: older age, male gender, larger income and operation size, livestock production (particularly dairy, swine, and horses), motor vehicle incidents, falls from elevation, and slips, trips and falls. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:419–428, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entwicklung von Inhibitoren der Tau‐Aggregation bei Morbus Alzheimer
Authors: Bulic Bruno , Pickhardt Marcus , Schmidt Boris , Mandelkow Eva‐Maria , Waldmann Herbert , Mandelkow Eckhard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMit kleinen Molekülen gegen Alzheimer: Die pathologische Aggregation des Tau‐Proteins ist ein Hauptmerkmal bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie der Alzheimerkrankheit und anderen Tauopathien. Die Inhibierung oder gar die Umkehr der Tau‐Aggregation sind potenzielle therapeutische Strategien, die sich derzeit in der klinischen Prüfung befinden. Das Bild zeigt charakteristische pathologische Fibrillen aus Tau‐Proteinen (paarige helikale Filamente), die die Hauptkomponente der bei Alzheimer auftretenden neurofibrillären Bündel sind.magnified imageEine Vielzahl humaner Erkrankungen steht vermutlich in direkter Verbindung mit der Fehlfaltung von Proteinen. Hierbei werden typischerweise hochorganisierte Proteinaggregate, so genannte Amyloidfibrillen, sowie deren Aggregationsintermediate beobachtet. Diese gelten allgemein als Vermittler der Zytotoxizität und stehen demzufolge im Fokus der Forschung. Die pathologische Aggregation des Tau‐Proteins ist ein Hauptmerkmal einiger neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen wie der Alzheimerkrankheit. Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt hat man sich daher verstärkt der Suche nach Inhibitoren der Tau‐Aggregation als potenzielle krankheitsmodifizierende Wirkstoffe bei Morbus Alzheimer und anderen “Tauopathien” gewidmet. Der jüngste Bericht einer klinischen Phase‐II‐Studie des Tau‐Aggregationsinhibitors MTC stellt eine Validierung des Konzepts in Aussicht. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir die verfügbaren Daten über niedermolekulare Inhibitoren der Tau‐Aggregation von einem medizinisch‐chemischen Standpunkt heraus zusammen.
Duplex Stabilization and Energy Transfer in Zipper Porphyrin–DNA
Authors: Nguyen ThaoNguyen , Brewer Ashley , Stulz Eugen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn der DNA ausgerichtet: Das Anbringen von Porphyrinen an komplementären DNA‐Strängen führt zu Reißverschluss‐artigen Porphyrinanordnungen und erhöht, wenn elf Modifikationen vorliegen, die Schmelztemperatur der Doppelstränge. In Doppelsträngen mit gemischten Anordnungen findet ein Energietransfer von Zinkporphyrinen auf freie Porphyrine statt, nicht aber in der denaturierten Form (siehe Schema). Dadurch werden potenzielle photonische Drähte reversibel aufgebaut.magnified image
Synthesis and Characterization of [Ar′GaC(Ph)CH]2 and K2[Ar′GaC(Ph)CH]2⋅OEt2: From Digallene to Digallacyclohexadiene to Digallatabenzene
Authors: Zhu Zhongliang , Wang Xinping , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Power Philip P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPlatt gemacht: Die Addition von PhCCH an Ar′GaGaAr′ (Ar′=2,6‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2C6H3) führt zu dem 1,4‐Digallacyclohexadien [{Ar′GaC(Ph)CH}2] (1), das bei der Reduktion mit Kalium in das 1,4‐Digallatabenzol‐Dianion [Ar′GaC(Ph)CH]22− (2) übergeht (siehe Schema; C grau, Ga grün, K blau). Strukturparameter, Dichtefunktionalrechnungen und 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Daten belegen den aromatischen Charakter von 2.magnified image
Insertion of Amides into a Polyoxometalate
Authors: Li Joaquim , Huth Inga , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Hasenknopf Bernold , Lacôte Emmanuel , Thorimbert Serge , Malacria Max 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDer Einbau eines Amid‐Sauerstoffatoms in das Gerüst des Dawson‐Polyoxometallat(POM)‐Clusters [P2V3W15O62]9− (siehe Bild) ermöglicht elektronische Wechselwirkungen zwischen den organischen und anorganischen Teilen des Moleküls: Die Redoxeigenschaften des gesamten Hybrid‐POM lassen sich mithilfe der organischen Komponenten einstellen, und die Elektronen anziehenden Eigenschaften des POM können auf den organischen Teil übertragen werden.magnified image
Titelbild: A Spin‐Crossover Cluster of Iron(II) Exhibiting a Mixed‐Spin Structure and Synergy between Spin Transition and Magnetic Interaction (Angew. Chem. 8/2009)
Authors: Wu Da‐Yu , Sato Osamu , Einaga Yasuaki , Duan Chun‐Ying 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEin Spin‐Crossover‐Cluster mit {FeII4O4}‐Kern wird von D. Y. Wu, O. Sato et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1503 ff. vorgestellt. Der selbstorganisierte Cluster nimmt zwei High‐spin‐ und zwei Low‐spin‐Zustände ein und zeichnet sich durch einen abrupten Spinübergang sowie durch ein vollständiges lichtinduziertes Einfangen eines angeregten Spinzustands aus. Dies wird durch das Zusammenspiel von magnetischen Wechselwirkungen und Spinübergängen im Cluster ermöglicht.magnified image
Hydride‐Donor Abilities of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines: A Comparison with π Nucleophiles and Borohydride Anions
Authors: Richter Dorothea , Mayr Herbert 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHow are dihydropyridines like indoles? Both groups of compounds have similar nucleophilicity parameters N and are therefore suitable substrates for iminium‐catalyzed reactions of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The N parameters of 1,4‐dihydropyridines were derived from the rates of hydride transfer reactions to benzhydrylium ions (see scheme).magnified image
Duplex Stabilization and Energy Transfer in Zipper Porphyrin–DNA
Authors: Nguyen ThaoNguyen , Brewer Ashley , Stulz Eugen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractZip it up: Attachment of porphyrins onto complementary DNA strands leads to zipper‐porphyrin arrays and, in the presence of eleven modifications, an increase in the melting temperature of the duplex. Mixed zinc and free‐base porphyrin arrays undergo energy transfer from the zinc porphyrin to the free‐base porphyrin in the annealed duplex but not in the denatured form (see scheme), giving access to reversible formation of potential photonic wires.magnified image
Radical Polymerization of the Silene (Me3Si)2SiCR2 by Hydrogen Transfer from a Trimethylsilyl Group
Authors: Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Melamed Semyon , Molev Victoria , Sigal Nadejda , Tumanskii Boris , Botoshansky Mark , Molev Gregory , Apeloig Yitzhak 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe silene (Me3Si)2SiAd is polymerized to produce a polycarbosilane with an unusual SiSiC repeating backbone, rather than the SiC or SiSiCC units expected for olefinic radical polymerization. The polymer structure and the polymerization mechanism (see scheme) were studied by GPC, EPR, and NMR spectroscopy and by trapping experiments.magnified image
Insertion of Amides into a Polyoxometalate
Authors: Li Joaquim , Huth Inga , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Hasenknopf Bernold , Lacôte Emmanuel , Thorimbert Serge , Malacria Max 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPOM alert: The incorporation of an amide oxygen atom into the framework of the Dawson‐type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster [P2V3W15O62]9− (see picture) allows the communication of electronic effects between the organic and the inorganic parts of the molecule, including fine‐tuning of the redox properties of the entire hybrid POM by the organic components, and transmission of the POM's electron‐attracting properties to the organic moiety.magnified image
Clay modeling as a method to learn human muscles: A community college study
Authors: Motoike Howard K. , O'Kane Robyn L. , Lenchner Erez , Haspel Carol 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of clay modeling compared with cat dissection for human muscle identification was examined over two semesters at LaGuardia Community College in Queens, NY. The 181 students in 10 sections in this study were randomly distributed into control (cat dissection) and experimental (clay modeling) groups, and the results of the muscle practical examination were analyzed. The clay‐modeling group was significantly better at identifying human muscles on human models than the cat‐dissection group, and was as good at identifying muscles on their self‐made clay mannequins as the cat‐dissection group was at identifying cat muscle on their specimens. This study demonstrated that clay modeling is more effective than cat dissection for learning human muscles at the community college level. Anat Sci Ed 2:19–23, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
A novel approach to the dissection of the human knee
Authors: Clemente F. Richard , Fabrizio Philip A. , Shumaker Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe knee is one of the most frequently injured joints of the human body with injuries affecting the general population and the athletic population of many age groups. Dissection procedures for the knee joint typically do not allow unobstructed visualization of the anterior cruciate or posterior cruciate ligaments without sacrificing the collateral ligaments. In many cases, the relationships of the intraarticular structures are lost as dissection systematically removes superficial structures to gain access to deeper structures. The authors present an alternative technique for dissection of the human knee joint that allows maximal visualization of intraarticular structures such as the cruciate ligaments and menisci with minimal disturbance to the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments, thus preserving the relationships of the ligamentous and intraarticular structures. Anat Sci Ed 2:41–46, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Patterns and dynamics of users' behavior and interaction: Network analysis of an online community
Authors: Panzarasa Pietro , Opsahl Tore , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis research draws on longitudinal network data from an online community to examine patterns of users' behavior and social interaction, and infer the processes underpinning dynamics of system use. The online community represents a prototypical example of a complex evolving social network in which connections between users are established over time by online messages. We study the evolution of a variety of properties since the inception of the system, including how users create, reciprocate, and deepen relationships with one another, variations in users' gregariousness and popularity, reachability and typical distances among users, and the degree of local redundancy in the system. Results indicate that the system is a “small world” characterized by the emergence, in its early stages, of a hub‐dominated structure with heterogeneity in users' behavior. We investigate whether hubs are responsible for holding the system together and facilitating information flow, examine first‐mover advantages underpinning users' ability to rise to system prominence, and uncover gender differences in users' gregariousness, popularity, and local redundancy. We discuss the implications of the results for research on system use and evolving social networks, and for a host of applications, including information diffusion, communities of practice, and the security and robustness of information systems.
Do we need the h index and its variants in addition to standard bibliometric measures?
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Mutz Rüdiger , Daniel Hans‐Dieter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether there is a need for the h index and its variants in addition to standard bibliometric measures (SBMs). Results from our recent study (L. Bornmann, R. Mutz, & H.‐D. Daniel, 2008) have indicated that there are two types of indices: One type of indices (e.g., h index) describes the most productive core of a scientist's output and informs about the number of papers in the core. The other type of indices (e.g., a index) depicts the impact of the papers in the core. In evaluative bibliometric studies, the two dimensions quantity and quality of output are usually assessed using the SBMs “number of publications” (for the quantity dimension) and “total citation counts” (for the impact dimension). We additionally included the SBMs into the factor analysis. The results of the newly calculated analysis indicate that there is a high intercorrelation between “number of publications” and the indices that load substantially on the factor Quantity of the Productive Core as well as between “total citation counts” and the indices that load substantially on the factor Impact of the Productive Core. The high‐loading indices and SBMs within one performance dimension could be called redundant in empirical application, as high intercorrelations between different indicators are a sign for measuring something similar (or the same). Based on our findings, we propose the use of any pair of indicators (one relating to the number of papers in a researcher's productive core and one relating to the impact of these core papers) as a meaningful approach for comparing scientists.
Definition and identification of journals as bibliographic and subject entities: Librarianship versus ISIJournal Citation Reportsmethods and their effect on citation measures
Authors: Bensman Stephen J. , Leydesdorff Loet 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the ISIJournal Citation Reports(JCR) bibliographic and subject structures through Library of Congress (LC) and American research libraries cataloging and classification methodology. The 2006Science Citation Index JCRBehavioral Sciences subject category journals are used as an example. From the library perspective, the main fault of theJCRbibliographic structure is that theJCRmistakenly identifies journal title segments as journal bibliographic entities, seriously affecting journal rankings by total cites and the impact factor. In respect toJCRsubject structure, the title segment, which constitutes theJCRbibliographic basis, is posited as the best bibliographic entity for the citation measurement of journal subject relationships. Through factor analysis and other methods, theJCRsubject categorization of journals is tested against their LC subject headings and classification. The finding is thatJCRand library journal subject analyses corroborate, clarify, and correct each other.
Ambiguity measure feature‐selection algorithm
Authors: Mengle Saket S.R. , Goharian Nazli 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith the increasing number of digital documents, the ability to automatically classify those documents both efficiently and accurately is becoming more critical and difficult. One of the major problems in text classification is the high dimensionality of feature space. We present the ambiguity measure (AM) feature‐selection algorithm, which selects the most unambiguous features from the feature set. Unambiguous features are those features whose presence in a document indicate a strong degree of confidence that a document belongs to only one specific category. We apply AM feature selection on a naïve Bayes text classifier. We favorably show the effectiveness of our approach in outperforming eight existing feature‐selection methods, using five benchmark datasets with a statistical significance of at least 95% confidence. The support vector machine (SVM) text classifier is shown to perform consistently better than the naïve Bayes text classifier. The drawback, however, is the time complexity in training a model. We further explore the effect of using the AM feature‐selection method on an SVM text classifier. Our results indicate that the training time for the SVM algorithm can be reduced by more than 50%, while still improving the accuracy of the text classifier. We favorably show the effectiveness of our approach by demonstrating that it statistically significantly (99% confidence) outperforms eight existing feature‐selection methods using four standard benchmark datasets.