bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid identification of C21 steroidal saponins in Cynanchum versicolor Bunge by electrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Zhaoguang , Zhang Weidong , Kong Lingyi , Liang Mingjin , Li Huiliang , Lin Min , Liu Runhui , Zhang Chuan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractElectrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) and liquid chromatography coupled with on‐line electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MSn) were performed to elucidate the clearage rule of nine investigated C21 steroidal saponins and identify them in the saponin fraction of 90% ethanolic extracts from the root and rhizome of Cynanchum versicolor Bunge. The fragments of C21 steroidal saponins in positive and negative ESI‐MSn were used to deduce their mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms, and their structures were further confirmed by ESI‐MSn in positive mode. The MSn spectra of the [M+Na]+ ions for saponins provided a wealth of structural information on glycosidic bond cleavage, which allowed a straightforward interpretation of spectra, with respect to the identifications of features such as the sequences of sugars attached to saponins and sugar type. By using LC/ESI‐MSn, nine C21 steroidal saponins were detected in the saponin fraction of C. versicolor, and an isomer of atratoglaucoside A was elucidated simultaneously. All nine compounds showed an abundant ion for the loss of 46 Da (HCOOH) from [M+Na]+. The losses of monosaccharide sequences and aglycone as neutral fragmentation from [M+Na‐HCOOH]+ were also acquired as the characteristic ions of these C21 steroidal saponins. It provided important information on monosaccharide sequences and in particular on sugar types and could be used to identify and elucidate other C21 steroidal saponins. These studies allowed us to rapidly identify C21 steroidal saponins from Radix cynanchi atrati. It is indicated that the described method had wide applicability to rapidly screen and provide structural confirmation on C21 steroidal saponins in crude materials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immuno‐mass spectrometry assay of EPI‐HNE4, a recombinant protein inhibitor of human elastase
Authors: Dubois Mathieu , Becher François , Herbet Amaury , Ezan Eric 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn order to increase the sensitivity of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assays of recombinant proteins for pharmacokinetics studies, we have developed an immuno‐mass spectrometry assay for EPI‐hNE4, a 6237 Da protein currently developed for respiratory distress syndromes. After immunocapture of the analyte in human plasma with magnetic beads coated with anti‐EPI‐hNE4 antibodies, the intact protein was eluted and separated in reversed‐phase LC and then analysed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The problem of analytical interference due to endogenous binding antibodies was addressed by successive steps of acidification and neutralisation before immunocapture. Furthermore, potential variations in the recovery of analyte during sample extraction were compensated for by addition of an internal standard recognised by the antibodies. The precision of the assay remained therefore below 15%. A significant increase in assay sensitivity was achieved since the extraction step allowed sample concentration and removal of matrix components interfering with the electrospray ionisation process. Using 0.4 mL of plasma, a limit of quantification at 0.5 ng/mL (80 pM) was reached, which represents a 10‐fold improvement in sensitivity over our previous work using sample precipitation. This technique was able to monitor EPI‐hNE4 kinetics in the plasma of human subjects for 36 h after an intravenous administration of 0.125 mg/kg. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the convergence of nonlinear optimal control using pseudospectral methods for feedback linearizable systems
Authors: Kang W. , Gong Q. , Ross I. M. , Fahroo F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe consider the optimal control of feedback linearizable dynamic systems subject to mixed state and control constraints. In contrast to the existing results, the optimal controller addressed in this paper is allowed to be discontinuous. This generalization requires a substantial modification to the existing convergence analysis in terms of both the framework as well as the notion of convergence around points of discontinuity. Although the nonlinear system is assumed to be feedback linearizable, the optimal control does not necessarily linearize the dynamics. Such problems frequently arise in astronautical applications where stringent performance requirements demand optimality over feedback linearizing controls. We prove that a sequence of solutions obtained using the Legendre pseudospectral method converges to the optimal solution of the continuous‐time problem under mild conditions. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The persistence of balance in geophysical flows
Authors: DRITSCHEL DAVID G. , VIÚDEZ ÁLVARO 
Published: January 2007

Rotating stably stratified geophysical flows can exhibit a near ‘balanced’ evolution controlled by the conservative advection of a single scalar quantity, the potential vorticity (PV). This occurs frequently in the Earth's atmosphere and oceans where motions tend to be weak compared with the background planetary rotation and where stratification greatly inhibits vertical motion. Under these circumstances, both high-frequency acoustic waves and lower-frequency inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) contribute little to the flow evolution compared with the even-lower-frequency advection of PV. Moreover, this ‘slow’ PV-controlled balanced evolution appears unable to excite these higher-frequency waves in any significant way – i.e. balance persists.The present work pushes the limits of balance by systematically exploring the evolution of a range of highly nonlinear flows in which motions are comparable with the background rotation. These flows do not possess a frequency separation between PV advection and IGWs. Nonetheless, the flows exhibit a remarkable persistence of balance. Even when flows are not initialized to minimize the amount of IGWs initially present, and indeed even when flows are deliberately seeded with significant IGW amplitudes, the flow evolution – over many inertial periods (days) – remains strongly controlled by PV advection.
Music Printing
Authors: Cummings William H. 
Published: January 2007

The limited time at our disposal this evening will only permit a brief sketch of the history of music printing.I need not expatiate on the benefits conferred on mankind by the invention of printing—the art which has done more for the advancement of civilisation than even the steam engine or the electric telegraph. Printing was practised in the East many centuries before the Christian era. The British Museum library possesses a roll from Japan which must have been printed in the early part of the eighth century. It is probable that the art was introduced into Europe by the Venetians, who traded largely with China. The Chinese and Japanese printed from wood blocks, as they do to this day. This block printing was adopted by the Venetians, who carried the art into Germany, where it was undoubtedly practised early in the fourteenth century.
The Origins of English Recitative
Authors: Walls Peter 
Published: January 2007

While masque texts tell us a great deal about some aspects of musical performance, on other issues they are reticent and equivocal. Textual information is at its most frustratingly perplexed on the question of the extent to which the new Italian monody influenced the music for the Jacobean masque. There is some difficulty in deciding when recitative was first introduced to England, and it depends on the reliability of two references in the 1640 Folio edition of Ben Jonson's Works. In the text of Lovers Made Men performed on the 22 February 1617, Jonson begins by describing the opening scene and then adds,
And the whole Maske was sung (after the Italian manner) Stylo recitative, by Master Nicholas Lanier; who ordered and made both the Scene, and the Musicke. (lines 26–28)1
On the Treatment of Ancient Ecclesiastical Melodies in Modern Instrumental Composition
Authors: Pearce Charles William 
Published: January 2007

Mr. Chairman, Ladies, and Gentlemen,
A few remarks of an explanatory nature are necessary by way of introduction to the subject of the present paper. The term “Ancient Ecclesiastical Melody” must be defined; and certain limits should be assigned to the somewhat broad idea conveyed to the mind by the use of the words “Modern Instrumental Composition.”
Music in the Royal Navy. An Appeal!
Authors: Havergal Arthur 
Published: January 2007

It was with great diffidence that I undertook, at the request of the President of this Association, to write this paper.I felt, in the first place, that there are many of my brother officers who could have done it much better, and, in the second, that as a very humble amateur, I should be addressing a distinguished body of musicians. I trust, however, they will patiently hear me, as I am actuated by none but sincere and patriotic motives.
Some Characteristics of Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672)
Authors: Naylor E. W. 
Published: January 2007

It is twelve years since I read a paper before this Society; and circumstances have prevented me from attending the meetings as I should have wished.I am all the more pleased to accept the invitation of the Council to speak to-day on a subject which is partly of the Council's choice, having been selected by them from several alternatives.
Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924): An Address at His Centenary
Authors: Howells Herbert 
Published: January 2007

Charles Villiers Stanford belongs to history.He died on 29 March, 1924, a voluntary exile from his native country. For Dublin, city of bis birth, had what proved almost its last sight of him in 1870. It was the year in which he exchanged the Liffey for the Cam. Thereafter he crossed and re-crossed the Narrow Seas, searching the continent for stimuli his native city, for all its fantastically brilliant wit and fascinating society, could not provide.
The Easter Psalms of Christ's Hospital
Authors: Jeans Susi 
Published: January 2007

I would like to begin my paper with a quotation from Sir John Hawkins's History of Music, because it was his short note about the music of Christ's Hospital, which set me off on my present investigation.‘In this Hospital anno 3 Jac. a free singing school was founded and endowed by Robert Dow, … wherin, as in the College of Dulwich … the children were to be taught pricksong. These, as far as can be recollected, are the only endowments of the kind since the Reformation. At Dulwich the boys are taught musical notes, and are able to chant; but at Christ's Hospital they sing only psalm tunes, and those by ear.’
Blood pressure response to isometric exercise in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Bakke Espen F. , Hisdal Jonny , Kroese Andries J. , Jørgensen Jørgen J. , Stranden Einar 
Published: January 2007

SummaryBackground  The purpose of this study was to compare the circulatory responses to isometric exercise in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD) with healthy controls.Methods  Eleven patients with diagnosed PAD, a control group of eleven healthy young adults, and a control group of eleven healthy age‐matched adults participated. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood velocity in the brachial artery, acral skin perfusion was continuously recorded and total peripheral resistance calculated before, during and after 2 min of 40% maximum voluntary contraction of the forearm.Results  At rest we found a consistently higher level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic pressure (SP) in the elderly, both PAD patients and elderly controls, compared with the young controls. We found no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure. Two minutes isometric handgrip exercise induced a similar increase in MAP in all three groups (patients 32·6 (17·9) mm Hg [mean (SD)], young control group 25·3 (8·9) mm Hg, age‐matched control group 36·1 (10·6) mm Hg). No significant differences were found in the other measured cardiovascular variables during isometric handgrip. Increased TPR is the main factor contributing to the increase in blood pressure in all three groups.Conclusion  Our study indicates that the pressor response continues to be well regulated with age, also when the cardiovascular system is altered by marked atherosclerosis. The consequence is that both PAD patients and elderly controls reach higher SP values during isometric exercise due to higher SP baseline values.
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Induces Growth Inhibition and Enhances Gemcitabine-Induced Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Arnold Nichole Boyer , Arkus Nohea , Gunn Jason , Korc Murray 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive human malignancy that is generally refractory to chemotherapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are novel agents that modulate cell growth and survival. In this study, we sought to determine whether a relatively new histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth.
Experimental Design: The effects of SAHA on the growth of three pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC3, COLO-357, and PANC-1) were examined with respect to cell cycle progression, p21 induction and localization, and interactions with the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine.
Results: SAHA induced a G1 cell cycle arrest in BxPC-3 cells and COLO-357 cells but not in PANC-1 cells. This arrest was dependent, in part, on induction of p21 by SAHA, as p21 was not induced in PANC-1 cells, and knockdown of p21 using small interfering RNA oligonucleotides nearly completely suppressed the effects of SAHA on cell cycle arrest in COLO-357 and partly attenuated the effects of SAHA in BxPC-3. COLO-357 and BxPC-3 cells, but not PANC-1 cells, were also sensitive to gemcitabine. In the gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 cells, a 48-h cotreatment with SAHA rendered the cells sensitive to the inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of gemcitabine. An additive effect on growth inhibition by SAHA and gemcitabine was observed in COLO-357 and BxPC-3 cells. Moreover, analysis of p21 distribution in COLO-357 cells revealed that SAHA induced the cytoplasmic localization of both p21 and phospho-p21.
Conclusions: These data indicate that SAHA exerts proapoptotic effects in pancreatic cancer cells, in part, by up-regulating p21 and sequestering it in the cytoplasm, raising the possibility that SAHA may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Explaining the Familial Colorectal Cancer Risk Associated with Mismatch Repair (MMR)-Deficient and MMR-Stable Tumors
Authors: Aaltonen Lauri , Johns Louise , Järvinen Heikki , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Houlston Richard 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: There is a paucity of data quantifying the familial risk of colorectal cancer associated with mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient and MMR-stable tumors. To address this, we analyzed a population-based series of 1,042 colorectal cancer probands with verified family histories.
Experimental Design: Constitutional DNA from probands was systematically screened for MYH variants and those with cancers displaying microsatellite instability (MSI) for germ-line MMR mutations; diagnoses of familial adenomatous polyposis and juvenile polyposis were established based on clinical phenotype and mutational analysis. Familial colorectal cancer risks were enumerated from age-, sex-, and calendar-specific population incidence rates. Segregation analysis was conducted to derive a model of the residual familial aggregation of colorectal cancer.
Results: Germ-line predisposition to colorectal cancer was identified in 37 probands [3.4%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.4-4.6]: 29 with MLH1/MSH2 mutations, 2 with familial adenomatous polyposis, 1 with juvenile polyposis, and 5 with biallelic MYH variants. The risk of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives of probands with MSI and MMR-stable cancers was increased 5.01-fold (95% CI, 3.73-6.59) and 1.31-fold (95% CI, 1.07-1.59), respectively. MSH2/MLH1 mutations were responsible for 50% of the overall excess familial risk and 80% of the risk associated with MSI cancers but 32% of the familial risk was unaccounted for by known loci. Genetic models based on major gene loci did not provide a better explanation of the residual familial aggregation than a simple polygenic model.
Conclusions: The information from our analyses should be useful in quantifying familial risks in clinical practice and in the design of studies to identify novel disease alleles.
Expression of Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein: A Predictor of Cancer-Specific Survival in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Yao Masahiro , Huang Ying , Shioi Koichi , Hattori Keiko , Murakami Takayuki , Nakaigawa Noboru , Kishida Takeshi , Nagashima Yoji , Kubota Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: We recently found that adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for clear cell subtype renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To further evaluate the correlation between ADFP expression levels and clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcome, we retrospectively examined patients with clear cell RCC.
Experimental Design: A series of 432 consecutive patients with sporadic clear cell RCC who underwent nephrectomy between March 1986 and June 2004 were enrolled in the study. ADFP expression levels in the primary tumors and in 18 metastases were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The clinicopathologic and prognostic data were collected, as well as the von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) gene alteration status in selected cases.
Results: ADFP expression was apparently high in cases without a symptomatic presentation, as well as in cases of low-stage, low-grade, or VHL alteration–positive clear cell RCC, whereas it was down-regulated in undifferentiated tumors with a spindle/pleomorphic component or metastatic lesions. Univariate analyses showed that high ADFP expression was associated with better cancer-specific survival and cancer-free survival. Further Cox multivariate analyses combined with the split-sample validation method showed that ADFP expression still remains an independent predictor for cancer-specific survival in all tumor stages and in advanced metastatic cases, whereas the predictive value of ADFP expression for cancer recurrence is rather weak.
Conclusions: The ADFP expression may represent the tumor differentiation status, and the detection of the expression levels provides useful prognostic information for cancer-specific survival in patients with clear cell RCC.
Modifying Dendritic Cells via Protein Transfer for Antitumor Therapeutics
Authors: Liu Shanrong , Foster Barbara A. , Chen Tie , Zheng Guoxing , Chen Aoshuang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurpose: The modification of therapeutic dendritic cells (DC) with various immunostimulatory molecules represents a useful means for improving the antitumor efficacy of DC transfer–based immunotherapy. We have evaluated the feasibility of modifying therapeutic DCs with multiple immunostimulatory molecules using a time-efficient, protein transfer (or protein “painting”)–based method.Experimental Design: Bone marrow–derived DCs were painted with either control protein human IgG (hIgG) or three immunostimulatory molecules, SLC, 4-1BBL, and TRANCE (the triad protein). Painted DCs were injected intratumorally into mice bearing established tumors. Subsequently, the capacities of painted DCs to migrate to the draining lymph nodes, recruit the host T cells, promote Th1 cytokine responses, and elicit therapeutic antitumor responses were evaluated.Results: The triad protein transfer yields a uniform population of DCs that coexpress all three of the proteins. Compared with the hIgG-painted DCs, the triad protein–painted DCs migrate more efficiently to the draining lymph nodes and show enhanced capabilities to induce T cell infiltration of tumors and to promote Th1 cytokine responses in vivo. Furthermore, in both the EG.7 and TRAMP-C2 tumor models, compared with the DCs painted with hIgG or only one of the three proteins, the triad protein–painted DCs, upon adoptive transfer, elicit stronger therapeutic responses against established tumors. Importantly, the antitumor responses of the triad protein–painted DCs are mediated by systemic antitumor immunity.Conclusions: This study establishes, for the first time, the feasibility of optimizing DC transfer–based immunotherapy via combinatorial protein transfer of therapeutic DCs with an array of immunostimulatory molecules.
A Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Causes Fully Penetrant Normosmic Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Xu Ning , Qin Yu , Reindollar Richard H. , Tho Sandra P. T. , McDonough Paul G. , Layman Lawrence C. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Context: Kallmann syndrome (KS) consists of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and anosmia/hyposmia. Currently, the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene is the only known autosomal dominant cause of KS, which is also associated with synkinesia, midfacial defects, and dental agenesis.
Objective: Mutations in FGFR1 typically demonstrate reduced penetrance, variable expressivity, and until recently have been exclusively identified in families with anosmia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether FGFR1 mutations were present in a unique family with autosomal dominant, fully penetrant, normosmic IHH.
Design: The study is a review of detailed clinical findings, dynamic endocrine studies, and performance of a molecular analysis of the FGFR1 gene.
Setting: The study was carried out in an academic medical center.
Patients: All four affected individuals have complete IHH with full penetrance but no anosmia/hyposmia, and they have none of the FGFR1-associated anomalies. In addition, no other family member has anosmia.
Inverventions: Interventions included detailed phenotype characterization including history, physical exam, smell testing, dynamic pituitary testing, brain imaging, and molecular analysis.
Main Outcome Measures: Outcome was measured by the determination of the severity of IHH, olfactory function, and sequence of the FGFR1 gene.
Results: The same heterozygous nonsense mutation, Arg622X, was present in all four affected members, but not in three unaffected members or 100 controls. The mutation is predicted to encode a truncated protein or result in nonsense-mediated decay.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that mutations in the FGFR1 gene can cause normosmic, fully penetrant, complete IHH with little or no variable expressivity, and without the other FGFR1-associated anomalies typically found in KS.