bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of estramustine‐binding protein and production of monoclonal antibodies to its different components
Authors: Björk Per , Donn Folkert , Glad Cristina , Sundblad GÖRan , Vestberg Mikael , Kalland Terje 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstramustine‐binding protein (EMBP) is a heterodimeric 46‐kDa glycoprotein that is secreted from the prostate. Upon reductive cleavage it decomposes into two closely related components, C1 and C2, and the shared glycosylated peptide C3. EMBP binds estramustine and estromustine, the active metabolites of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt®), which is a drug with antimitotic properties used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. In the present study, a two‐step procedure (i.e., anion‐exchange and Con A‐Sepharose chromatography) is described for the isolation of EMBP in high yield from rat prostate tissue. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced using the major DEAE‐Sepharose fraction of EMBP as an immunogen. Eleven mAbs were selected by screening in a solid‐phase ELISA. One displayed high‐affinity binding with soluble EMBP (Ka ≈ 3 × 1010 M−1) and crossreacted with a human prostate tumor extract in a radioimmunoassay. The epitopes defined by these mAbs were analyzed by Western immunoblotting. All constituents of EMBP, except component C1, were identified by at least one antibody. Nine visualized either one or both of the two EMBP subunits under denaturing conditions, two of which retained their reactivity after reduction of disulfide bridges. One epitope was exposed to its mAb only when the antigen was in its reduced state. The immunoreactivity was eliminated by protease treatment, whereas deglycosylation with glycopeptidase F had a minimal effect. EMBP has been detected in tissues other than the prostate as well as in prostate neoplastic specimens and in several other human malignancies. Hence, these mAbs will be a useful tool in the characterization of EMBP in different tissues and in evaluating existing and in defining new indications for Estracyt therapy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative evaluation of glandular and stromal compartments in hyperplastic dog prostates: Effect of 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors
Authors: Laroque P. A. , Prahalada S. , Molon‐Noblot S. , Cohen S. M. , Soper K. , Duprat P. , Peter C. P. , van Zwieten M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of 2 different 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride and MK‐0434) on the glandular and stromal compartments of hyperplastic canine prostates. In this study, dogs received 1 of the 2 compounds orally, at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks; control dogs received a placebo. The morphological changes in the glandular and stromal compartments in the prostate were quantitated by a point‐counting method on Masson's trichrome‐stained sections. Treatment with 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in mean prostatic volumes, microscopic evidence of prostatic atrophy, and significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreases in the absolute volumes of the prostatic glandular and stromal compartments compared to controls. In finasteride‐treated dogs, the mean percent change from baseline was: epithelium, −52; lumens, −58; fibrovascular stroma, −41; and smooth muscle, −29. In MK‐0434‐treated dogs, the mean percent change from baseline was: epithelium, −77; lumens, −58; fibrovascular stroma, −38; and smooth muscle, ‐42. The effect on the glandular compartment in dogs treated with MK‐0434 was slightly greater than in dogs treated with finasteride; however, the effect on the stroma was similar. These results clearly demonstrate that inhibition of 5‐alpha reductase enzyme activity affects growth and maintenance of both glandular and stromal compartments of dog hyperplastic prostates. It is likely that the decrease in size of the prostate in finasteride‐treated (Proscar®) men is due to shrinkage of both glandular and stromal compartments. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of fibroblast growth factor receptor‐I in human prostate by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Hamaguchi Akikazu , Tooyama Ikuo , Yoshiki Tatsuhiro , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression and localization of fibroblast growth factor receptor‐1 were investigated in human prostatic tissues with or without benign hyperplasia. Using a polymerase chain reaction method, we were able to demonstrate that prostatic tissues with benign hyperplasia expressed a significantly higher level of fibroblast growth factor receptor‐1 mRNA than normal prostatic tissues (P < 0.01 by Anova). Western blot analysis using an antiserum against the receptor gave 2 bands with molecular weights of about 140 kDa and 80 kDa; these correspond to the expected sizes of the long and secreted forms of the fibroblast growth factor receptor‐1, respectively. An immunohistochemical study using the same antiserum further demonstrated that the immunoreactive staining occurred mainly in the basal cells of the glandular epithelium and occasionally in the stromal cells. These results suggest that fibroblast growth factors may influence, at least in part, the proliferation of the epithelial cells seen in benign hyperplasia of human prostate. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of Ki‐67 defined growth fraction by monoclonal antibody MIB‐i in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded prostatic cancer tissues
Authors: Noordzij Marinus A. , van Der Kwast Theodorus H. , van Steenbrugge Gert Jan , van Weerden Wytske M. , Oomen Maria H. A. , Schröder Fritz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe applicability of MIB‐1, a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ki‐67 antigen, was studied in the PC‐82 and LNCaP prostatic tumor models at various levels of proliferative activity. Statistically significant correlations were found in LNCaP cultures between Ki‐67 and MIB‐1 scores (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), and in PC‐82 tumors between MIB‐1 scores and paraffin tissue Ki‐67 (pKi‐67) (r = 0.90, P < 0.001), frozen tissue Ki‐67 (fKi‐67) (r = 0.86, P < 0.001), and BrdU uptake (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), respectively. pKi‐67 scores were double the fKi‐67 scores, which may be due to methodological differences. MIB‐1 scores exceeded both the fKi‐67 and pKi‐67 scores. The affinity of MIB‐1 for the antigen is much higher than the affinity of Ki‐67, which may explain the differences. MIB‐1 is a promising means of evaluating the presence of only minute amounts of the Ki‐67 antigen in paraffin‐embedded human tumor material, especially in relatively slowly growing tumors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell proliferation in dysplasia of the prostate: Analysis by PCNA immunostaining
Authors: McNeal John E. , Haillot Olivier , Yemoto Cheryl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatterns of cell proliferation in the prostate were compared between benign epithelium and dysplasia. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was used to quantitate proliferation, and basal cells were tallied separately from secretory cells with the aid of keratin immunostaining. Using a novel technique, absolute cell densities (cells/mm) were determined and used to calculate growth fractions.In benign epithelium, 83% of PCNA+ cells were basal cells, while only 7% of PCNA+ cells in dysplasia were basal cells and there was a clear separation between groups. This dramatic shift of the proliferative compartment to the secretory cells in dysplasia was accompanied only by a moderate increase in overall secretory cell density and moderate reduction in basal cell density, but these ranges overlapped those of benign epithelium. The median PCNA+ secretory cell “growth fraction” was 0.12% in benign epithelium and 1.06% in dysplasia.The findings presented give further support to the concept that dysplasia represents an evolutionary stage in the malignant transformation of prostatic epithelium. The patterns of change in PCNA immunostaining may reflect certain aspects of the biologic nature of malignant transformation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of dihydrotestosterone, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor on the cell kinetics of the PC3, DUI45, and LNCap prostatic cancer cell lines: Relationship with DNA ploidy level
Authors: Janssen Thierry , Kiss Robert , Dedecker Robert , Petein Michel , Pasteels Jean‐Lambert , Schulman Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cell kinetics (percentage of cells in the S + G2 phases of the cell cycle) and the DNA ploidy levels (nuclear DNA content) were determined in 108 samples each of the PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer models. This was carried out by means of the digital cell image analysis of Feulgen‐stained nuclei. Two to three hundred cell nuclei were analyzed for each of the 324 samples under study. The three cell lines were submitted to experimental conditions including the addition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), either alone or in combination, to the culture media. The results show that under the present culture conditions, the PC3 cell line was DHT‐, EGF‐ and bFGF‐insensitive. In contrast to what is generally reported in the literature, the DU145 cell line was DHT‐ and EGF‐sensitive under the present culture conditions, but bFGF‐insensitive. The LNCaP cell line was DHT‐sensitive, but EGF‐ and bFGF‐insensitive. While mainly tetraploid, the three cell lines nevertheless exhibited a significant level of heterogeneity in their nuclear DNA content distributions. Indeed, the proportions of non‐tetraploid (diploid, hyperdiploid, triploid, hypertriploid, hypertetraploid, polymorphic) DNA histograms were 14% in the PC3, 16% in the DU145, and 29% in the LNCaP cell lines. These results suggest that the DNA ploidy level would not influence the hormone sensitivity level in the cell lines since they had significantly distinct hormone sensitivity profiles while remaining mainly tetraploid. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of estrogen receptor in diseased human prostate assessed by non‐radioactive in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ehara Hidetoshi , Koji Takehiko , Deguchi Takashi , Yoshii Akira , Nakano Masahiro , Nakane Paul K. , Kawada Yukimichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo understand the role of estrogen in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA and ER protein by in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry, respectively, were investigated in human prostatic tissues. In non‐malignant region, ER mRNA and ER protein were found in cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, of stromal cells, but not in glandular epithelial and basal cells. In benign regions, ER mRNA/ER protein positive cells were found in fibromyoadenomatous and myoadenomatous hyperplasia, but not in adenomatous hyperplasia. A striking feature was periacinar arrangement of ER mRNA/ER protein positive stromal cells in all prostate carcinoma treated with androgen withdrawal. The ER mRNA/ER protein positive cells were immunohistochemically identified as fibroblasts, myoblasts, and smooth muscle cells. These results indicate that stromal cells are the primary target of estrogen in prostate, and that androgen withdrawal upregulates the expression of ER gene. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the choroid of the eye
Authors: Keizur John J. , Kane Christopher J. , North Robert , Leidich Raymond B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report an unusual case of bilateral choroidal masses developing in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Visual symptoms resolved and ocular mass lesions regressed after initiating total androgen deprivation. The natural history and management of choroidal metastatis originating from prostate cancer is discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Denoising of natural images using FREBAS transformation
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Yamada Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIf two algorithms of Fresnel transformation are used with suitable parameters, the expansion of images modeled after multiresolution analysis (FREBAS transformation) is possible. This paper proposes a denoising technique of natural images using FREBAS transformation. Constrained least square filter applying in FREBAS transformed space removes noise superimposed on signals very well, however, that noise with specific patterns might remain on the images when processing images have small SN ratio. In this paper we focus our attention on this noise that exhibits isolationism in FREBAS transformed space and propose a new denoising technique that introduces non‐linear noise processing in FREBAS transformed space. It was shown that the noises with specific patterns were favorably removed in simulation experiment. In addition, we applied the proposed technique to natural images which contain noise to and compare the method with other denoising techniques from the viewpoint of SNR improvement, image degradation, remained noises. As a result, the proposed technique could remove noise while controlling image degradation and also obtain significant improvements in the SNR on average. In particular, we confirmed that the proposed technique had excellent denoising performance for images with large variations in amplitude. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(3): 1–11, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20675
Initiation of oviposition after winter diapause in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): prediction and historical patterns
Authors: Raworth D. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rate of development from winter diapause to initial oviposition for Tetranychus urticae on strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, was linearly related to temperature above 9.4 ± 0.71°C. Initial oviposition (IO) in the field, defined as the day at which half of the leaflets with T. urticae also had T. urticae eggs (IO0.5), was determined for 21 populations between 1988 and 2006 by logistic curve fitting to sequential field samples. Prediction of IO0.5 required adjustment of air temperatures for the effects of cloud opacity on microclimate, otherwise predictions were 20–30 days late. A thermal summation start date of 27 November was determined by iteratively summing day‐degrees (>9.4°C) from different start dates until IO0.5, for 10 calibration populations, and observing when the coefficient of variation for the mean thermal requirement was minimal. The thermal requirement for the 10 calibration populations was negatively correlated with accumulated cold‐rest hours (<4.0°C). Model predictions of IO0.5 were not significantly different from the validation data. Predictions for 1954–2003 were positively correlated with the mean monthly Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) during September–December and negatively correlated with year (R2 = 0.36, P < 0.0001), indicating some potential for prediction of IO0.5 2–3 months in advance. Estimated IO0.5 in 2003 was 12.8 days earlier than in the mid‐1950s, and variation in IO0.5 related to the SOI was 25.2 days. These results may be generally applicable to other temperate arthropods that emerge at the same time as T. urticae, such as the aphids Chaetosiphon fragaefolii on strawberry, and Ericaphis fimbriata on blueberry.
An empirical analysis of the factors impacting discount rates: Evidence from the U.S. Marine Corps
Authors: Hensel Nayantara , Deichert Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis analysis examines the impact of age, race, marital status, number of dependents, education, rank, years of service, and occupational code on personal discount rates. The study focuses on 3241 Marine Corps officers/enlisted personnel between 1992 and 1997 who separated from the Marine Corps through the VSI program (an annuity payment) or the SSB program (lump‐sum payment). The analysis finds that, although the degree of statistical significance varied between the officer model and the enlisted model, holding other factors constant, females and individuals with more years of service or education were less likely to take the lump‐sum payment, and that blacks and individuals with more dependents were more likely to take the lump‐sum payment. Across all demographic factors, enlisted personnel had statistically significantly higher average discount rates than officers, as is consistent with prior studies. The estimated personal discount rates averaged 14.9% for officers and 24% for enlisted Marines. This study contributes to the literature in that it is the only study to examine the Marines during this time period. Many of the results can be generalized to the civilian sector to assist in formulation of savings/retirement policies.
Efficiency of methionine retention in ducks
Authors: Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: February 2007

The accretion of methionine and protein as a function of methionine intake was assessed in growing ducks between 22 and 42 d post-hatching. Four graded doses of dl-methionine at 0, 0·5, 1·0 or 1·5 g/kg diet were added to a methionine-limiting basal diet and fed to four replicate groups of four ducks each. The growth and efficiency of food use for growth increased linearly (P < 0·05) as a function of methionine intake. The accretion of body protein increased (P < 0·001) from 87·5 to 182·2 g, and that of methionine from 1616 to 3125 mg, over the 21 d period as dietary methionine increased. The accretion rate of methionine in the body (y, mg/d) as a function of methionine intake (x, mg/d) of ducks fed diets containing supplemental methionine at 0, 0·5, 1·0 or 1·5 g/kg diet from day 22 to day 42 post-hatching gave the regression equation: y = − 148·86 (se 32·558)+0·312 (se 0·0384)X, r2 = 0·8253. For protein accretion rate in the body (y, mg/d) as a function of methionine intake (x, mg/d), the regression equation was: y = − 9782 (se 2204)+19·505 (se 2·5994)x, r2 = 0·8009. There was a linear relationship between methionine (y, mg/d) and protein (x, mg/d) accretion in ducks that was described by the equation y = 12·757 (se 7·4019)+0·01 525 (se 0·00 107)x, r2 = 0·9355. The results of these studies suggest a constant utilisation of methionine over the range 2·4–3·9 g digestible methionine/kg diet, with an efficiency of 31 %. Furthermore, the results suggest a quantitative relationship of 15 mg methionine for every gram of protein accretion.
Soluble dietary fibre fraction ofTrigonella foenum-graecum(fenugreek) seed improves glucose homeostasis in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancing insulin action
Authors: Hannan J. M. A. , Ali L. , Rokeya B. , Khaleque J. , Akhter M. , Flatt P. R. , Abdel-Wahab Y. H. A. 
Published: February 2007

Trigonella foenum-graecum(fenugreek) seeds have been documented as a traditional plant treatment for diabetes. In the present study, the antidiabetic properties of a soluble dietary fibre (SDF) fraction ofT. foenum-graecumwere evaluated. Administration of SDF fraction (0·5 g/kg body weight) to normal, type 1 or type 2 diabetic rats significantly improved oral glucose tolerance. Total remaining unabsorbed sucrose in the gastrointestinal tract of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats, following oral sucrose loading (2·5 g/kg body weight) was significantly increased byT. foenum-graecum(0·5 g/kg body weight). The SDF fraction suppressed the elevation of blood glucose after oral sucrose ingestion in both non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats. Intestinal disaccharidase activity and glucose absorption were decreased and gastrointestinal motility increased by the SDF fraction. Daily oral administration of SDF to type 2 diabetic rats for 28 d decreased serum glucose, increased liver glycogen content and enhanced total antioxidant status. Serum insulin and insulin secretion were not affected by the SDF fraction. Glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and insulin action were increased byT. foenum-graecum.The present findings indicate that the SDF fraction ofT. foenum-graecumseeds exerts antidiabetic effects mediated through inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of peripheral insulin action.
Signifying nothing? Myth and science of cruelty
Authors: Kotchoubey Boris 
Published: February 2007

Nell proposes another myth about human aggression, following thousands of old myths from Homer to Lorenz. Like all myths, this one might be partially true and partially false. However, the use of emotional and propagandistic effects, rather than evaluation of empirical results, obscures any attempt to describe the truth about cruelty.It is … full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth, Act 5, Scene 5
Improving Performance of Mammalian Cells in Fed‐Batch Processes through “Bioreactor Evolution”
Authors: Prentice Holly L. , Ehrenfels Barbara N. , Sisk William P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe amount of recombinant product obtained from mammalian cells grown in a bioreactor is in part limited by achievable cell densities and the ability of cells to remain viable over extended periods of time. In an attempt to generate cell lines capable of better bioreactor performance, we subjected the DG44 Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) host cell line and a recombinant production cell line to an iterative process whereby cells capable of surviving the harsh conditions in the bioreactor were selected. This selective process was termed “bioreactor evolution”. Following the selective process, the “evolved” host cells attained a 2‐fold increase in peak cell density and a 72% increase in integral cell area. Transient transfection experiments demonstrate that the evolved cells have the same transfection efficiency and the same secretory potential as the initial cells. The “evolved” host was also found to contain a large subpopulation of cells that did not require insulin for growth. From this, a new population of growth‐factor‐independent cells was obtained. These improvements in host properties should prove beneficial in the expression of recombinant proteins in fed‐batch processes. The selective process was also applied to a recombinant production cell line. The evolved cells from this selection exhibited a 38% increase in peak cell density, a 30% increase in integral cell area, and a 36% increase in product titer. These increases were obtained without any appreciable impact on product quality, demonstrating the usefulness of this simple approach to improve the performance of recombinant cell lines.