bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of innovation–cost strategy, knowledge, and action in the supply chain on firm performance
Authors: Craighead Christopher W. , Hult G. Tomas M. , Ketchen David J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDespite the importance of supply chains within today's economy, we know little about how the knowledge of supply chains can contribute to superior performance at the firm level. Building on the resource‐based view, knowledge‐based view and strategic choice theory, we develop hypotheses linking two knowledge‐driven supply chain phenomena (i.e., knowledge development capacity and intellectual capital), innovation–cost strategy, and action to firm‐level performance. Using survey and archival data from 489 firms, we found that performance is influenced by how well knowledge development capacity and intellectual capital efforts complement alternative chain strategies. More specifically, each strategy type requires different constellations of knowledge development capacity and intellectual capital to enhance action and create superior firm performance. These results highlight the importance of supply chain phenomena for firm‐level performance, and more broadly, the value of supply chains as a competitive weapon in contemporary firms.
Lipid peroxidation is not a prerequisite for the development of obesity and diabetes in high-fat-fed mice
Authors: Sohet Florence M. , Neyrinck Audrey M. , Dewulf Evelyne M. , Bindels Laure B. , Portois Laurence , Malaisse Willy J. , Carpentier Yvon A. , Cani Patrice D. , Delzenne Nathalie M. 
Published: January 2009

The mechanism, by which a high-fat (HF) diet could impair glucose metabolism, is not completely understood but could be related to inflammation, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxides have been proposed as key mediators of intracellular metabolic response. The purpose of the present study was to analyse, in mice fed with a HF diet, the possible association between obesity and glucose tolerance on the one hand, and between oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation on the other hand. The present results show that a HF diet (70 % energy as fat),v.a high-carbohydrate chow diet (control), increases body weight and fat mass development, and impairs glycaemia and insulinaemia within 4 weeks. It also promotes the expression of NADPH oxidase in the liver – signing both oxidative and inflammatory stress – but decreases thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content in the liver as well as in epididymal, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. HF diet, with elevated vitamin E content, induces high concentration of α-tocopherol in liver and adipose tissues, which contributes to the protection against lipid peroxidation. Thus, lipid peroxidation in key organs is not necessarily related to the development of metabolic disorders associated with diabetes and obesity.
Malignant triton tumour of right paranasal sinuses: case report
Authors: Xue T , Wei L , Qiao L , Zha D J , Chen X D , Qiu J H 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of malignant triton tumour.Method:Case report and review of the world literature concerning malignant triton tumour and heredity.Results:We present the case of a 47-year-old woman who underwent a lateral rhinotomy surgical resection of a malignant triton tumour of the right paranasal sinuses, a rare location for this tumour. Thereafter, she received adjuvant radiotherapy. The prognosis for this group of tumours is poor. Radical surgical excision of the tumour followed by radiation therapy must be the treatment of choice.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is a rare report in the world literature of malignant triton tumour. This case indicates that malignant triton tumour of the paranasal sinuses is a rare disease which otolaryngologists should be aware of, and one which should be included in the differential diagnosis of malignant lesions involving the sinonasal tract.
Aggravation of pathogenesis mediated by ochratoxin A in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Authors: KIBUGU J. K. , NGERANWA J. J. N. , MAKUMI J. N. , GATHUMBI J. K. , KAGIRA J. M. , MWANGI J. N. , MUCHIRI M. W. , MDACHI R. E. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYMice fed 1·5 mg ochratoxin A (OTA) per kg body weight and infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense were compared with trypanosome-infected placebo-fed and uninfected OTA-fed controls. Uninfected OTA-fed mice showed fever, lethargy, facial and eyelid oedemas, mild hepatitis and nephritis, and high survival. Infected placebo-fed controls had mean pre-patent period (PPP) of 3·26 days, lethargy, dyspnoea, fever, facial and scrotal oedema, survival of 33–65 days, reduced red cell counts (RCC: 10·96–6·87×106 cells/μl of blood), packed cell volume (PCV: 43·19–26·36%), haemoglobin levels (Hb: 13·37–7·92 g/dL) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 37·96–41·31 fL, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized oedemas, heart congestion, hepatitis and nephritis. Compared to infected placebo-fed controls, infected OTA-fed mice had significantly (P<0·05) shorter mean PPP (2·58 days), reduced survival (6–47 days), more pronounced fever and dyspnoea. The latter had significantly (P<0·05) reduced RCC (10·74–4·56×106 cells/μl of blood), PCV (43·90–20·78%), Hb (13·06–5·74 g/dL), increased MCV (39·10–43·97 fL), severe generalized oedemas, haemorrhages, congestion, hepatic haemosiderosis, hepatitis, nephritis, endocarditis, pericarditis and exclusively, splenic macrophage and giant cell hyperplasia, expanded red pulp and splenic erythrophagocytosis. It was concluded that OTA aggravated the pathogenesis of T. b. rhodesiense infection in mice, and should therefore be taken into consideration during trypanosomosis control programmes.
Virtue, Mixed Emotions and Moral Ambivalence
Authors: Carr David 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAristotelian virtue ethics invests emotions and feelings with much moral significance. However, the moral and other conflicts that inevitably beset human life often give rise to states of emotional division and ambivalence with problematic implications for any understanding of virtue as complete psychic unity of character and conduct. For one thing, any admission that the virtuous are prey to conflicting passions and desires may seem to threaten the crucial virtue ethical distinction between the virtuous and the continent. One recent attempt to sustain this distinction – considered in this paper – maintains that the contrary-to-virtue emotions and desires of the virtuous (by contrast with those of the continent) must relinquish their motive power as reasons for action. Following some attention to the psychological status of feelings and emotions – in particular their complex relations with cognition and reason – this paper rejects this solution in favour of a more constructive view of emotional conflict.
Responsible Belief and Our Social Institutions
Authors: van Woudenberg René 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe idea that we can properly be held responsible for what we believe underlies large stretches of our social and institutional life; without that idea in place, social and institutional life would be unthinkable, and more importantly, it would stumble and fall. At the same time, philosophers have argued that this idea is strange, puzzling, beyond belief, false, meaningless or at any rate defective. The first section develops the alleged problem. The burden of this paper, however, is not to discuss the merits of this idea but rather to measure the damage in case the idea turns out to be defective indeed. This is done by substantiating the claim that this idea indeed underlies large and important stretches of our social and institutional life. Section 2 substantiates that claim by presenting the results of a web search on the use of what I call “deontological epistemic expressions”, i.e. expressions in which deontological and epistemological notions (both broadly construed) are combined; examples are “obligation to believe”, “not permitted to forget”, “right to know”. The ubiquitous use of these expressions, I argue, is linguistic evidence for the claim that the contested idea indeed pervades our social life. Linguistic evidence, however, can be frail and misleading. From the fact that we say that the shade is moving we cannot conclude that shades really exist; likewise it may not be permitted to conclude from the ubiquitous use of deontological epistemic expressions that there really are doxastic obligations (and hence doxastic responsibilities). The third section, therefore, moves beyond the linguistic evidence and discusses two social institutions, viz. education and law as we find them in modern Western societies, and argues that they cannot be made sense of unless the contested idea is in place. Educational and legal systems of course vary greatly throughout the Western world. Such differences as exist, however, are irrelevant for the claim I will be making in this paper. The final section states the conclusion.
No Abiding City: Hume, Naturalism, and Toleration
Authors: Clark Samuel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper rereads David Hume'sDialogues Concerning Natural Religionas dramatising a distinctive, naturalistic account of toleration. I have two purposes in mind: first, to complete and ground Hume's fragmentary explicit discussion of toleration; second, to unearth a potentially attractive alternative to more recent, Rawlsian approaches to toleration. To make my case, I connectDialoguesand the problem of toleration to the wider themes of naturalism, scepticism and their relation in Hume's thought, before developing a new interpretation ofDialoguespart 12 as political drama. Finally, I develop the Humean theory of toleration I have discovered by comparison between Rawls's and Hume's strategies for justification of a tolerant political regime.
Absurdity, Incongruity and Laughter
Authors: Plant Bob 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInThe Myth of Sisyphus, Camus recommends scornful defiance in the face of our absurd, meaningless existence. Although Nagel agrees that human life possesses an absurd dimension, he objects to Camus’ existentialist ‘dramatics’. For Nagel, absurdity arises from the irreducible tension between our subjective and objective perspectives on life. In this paper I do two things: (i) critically reconstruct Camus’ and Nagel's positions, and (ii) develop Nagel's critique of Camus in order to argue that humour is an appropriate response to absurdity.
Effect of self focusing on the prolongation of laser produced plasma channel
Authors: Verma U. , Sharma A.K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA theoretical model for the prolongation of lifetime of a gaseous plasma channel formed by two pulse technique at laser intensities below the tunnel ionization threshold is developed. The first laser pulse ionizes the gas completely on the axis and partially off the axis, causing self-defocusing of the pulse. After the passage of the pulse, the plasma expands radially, creating an atom/ion density profile with a minimum on the axis. Partial recombination also sets in. As the second pulse arrives, after a time delay of less than the recombination time (~ns), the electrons get heated, and the recombination rate is slowed down. The second pulse self focuses, enhancing the heating rate and lengthening the lifetime of the plasma channel.
Investigations of plasma jet interaction with ambient gases by multi-frame interferometric and X-ray pinhole camera systems
Authors: Kasperczuk A. , Pisarczyk T. , Nicolai Ph. , Stenz Ch. , Tikhonchuk V. , Kalal M. , Ullschmied J. , Krousky E. , Masek K. , Pfeifer M. , Rohlena K. , Skala J. , Klir D. , Kravarik J. , Kubes P. , Pisarczyk P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInteractions of laser driven plasma jets with He and Ar gas puffs was investigated experimentally by means of three-frame interferometric/shadowgraphic system and three-frame X-ray pinhole camera. A defocused iodine laser beam using the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) interacting with massive planar Cu targets generated high-speed well-collimated plasma jets. The PALS third harmonic (0.438 µm), with pulse duration of 250 ps (full width at half maximum), and energy of 100 J was employed in two irradiation geometries: with an incidence normal to the target surface and with an oblique one (30° with respect to the target normal), in order to minimize the heating of the ambient gas by the laser beam. The results of these interaction experiments, in particular, those obtained in case of the oblique incidence geometry, are presented and discussed. They show the effect of the double shock formation in ambient gases: starting by the ablative plasma action, followed by that of the jet.
Demonstration of symcaps to measure implosion symmetry in the foot of the NIF scale 0.7 hohlraums
Authors: Seifter A. , Kyrala G.A. , Goldman S.R. , Hoffman N.M. , Kline J.L. , Batha S.H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractImplosions using inertial confinement fusion must be highly symmetric to achieve ignition on the National Ignition Facility. This requires precise control of the drive symmetry from the radiation incident on the ignition capsule. For indirect drive implosions, low mode residual perturbations in the drive are generated by the laser-heated hohlraum geometry. To diagnose the drive symmetry, previous experiments used simulated capsules by which the self-emission X-rays from gas in the center of the capsule during the implosion are used to infer the shape of the drive. However, those experiments used hohlraum radiation temperatures higher than 200 eV (Hauer et al., 1995; Murphy et al., 1998a, 1998b) with small NOVA scale hohlraums under which conditions the symcaps produced large X-ray signals. At the foot of the NIF ignition pulse, where controlling the symmetry has been shown to be crucial for obtaining a symmetric implosion (Clark et al., 2008), the radiation drive is much smaller, reducing the X-ray emission from the imploded capsule. For the first time, the feasibility of using symcaps to diagnose the radiation drive for low radiation temperatures, <120 eV and large 0.7 linear scales NIF Rev3.1 (Haan et al., 2008) vacuum hohlraums is demonstrated. Here we used experiments at the Omega laser facility to demonstrate and develop the symcap technique for tuning the symmetry of the NIF ignition capsule in the foot of the drive pulse.
Repetitive outbursts of fast carbon and fluorine ions from sub-nanosecond laser-produced plasma
Authors: Krása J. , Velyhan A. , Jungwirth K. , Krouský E. , Láska L. , Rohlena K. , Pfeifer M. , Ullschmied J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRepeated plasma outbursts were recognized at our analyzing currents of the fast carbon and fluorine ions produced with the sub-nanosecond PALS laser beam (λ0 = 1.315 µm, τL = ≈350 ps,Imax ≈ 6 × 1015 W/cm2) focused onto polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene targets. This study deals with a repetitive occurrence of doublets of C6+-C5+and F9+-F8+ion peaks in the time-of-flight (TOF) spectra, whose TOF can be related to the same accelerating voltage:$\tau \propto 1/\sqrt{U}$. The repeated occurrence of ion outbursts containing fully ionized ions can be characterized by a set of discrete voltagesUi, where the subscripti ∈ (1,N) labels the outbursts of ions from the fastest one (i = 1) up to the slowest and in the TOF spectrum yet distinguishable outburst (i = N). These discrete values could indicate plasma pulsations followed by repetitive outbursts of ions. The ions expand with a velocity up to ≈9 × 108 cm/s. The corresponding values of the accelerating voltage of ≈800 kv, and the temperature of ≈1.1 keV were determined by revealing partial ion currents based on the shifted Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. Characteristics of fast ion outbursts depend on the focus position with respect to the target surface.
Tip over avoidance control for biped robot
Authors: Qing Tang , Rong Xiong , Jian Chu 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes the stabilization problem from the energy point of view. Perturbations are detected by the gyros and categorized according to the constraints on the zero-moment point, energy, and walking pattern. Ankle torque is exerted to extend the linear inverted pendulum mode (LIPM). Compensation movement is computed according to the analysis on the energy of LIPM and the influence of disturbance to the energy. The experimental results from both the simulation and the physical robot not only proved effective but also explain various human reactions to disturbance in locomotion.
Censorship in France During the German Occupation
Authors: Marsh Patrick 
Published: January 2009

During the German occupation of France the theatre was a place where the Frenchman could, to some extent, rediscover his self-respect, a place where the man in the street could gather courage and the will to resist the invader in innumerable and often totally unexpected ways which often escaped the vigilance of the German censor. The records of the censor have disappeared, as the Germans destroyed the archives of the Propagandastaffel; nor are there any records in the French public archives of plays censored during the German occupation. What does exist, however, are the prompt copies used at the Comédie-Française during the war. A study of the censored passages reveals that it was often the very unlikely and seemingly trivial remarks that, for the reason that they aroused some sort of feeling of resistance in the audience, the occupiers felt had to be cut out. Marcel Thiébaut, commenting on audience reaction during the war, wrote:… on retourna au théâtre … Ce fut d'abord pour y guetter les moindres allusions qui, d'un coup, auraient rendu toute la salle hostile ou complice. On épiait les sous-entendus.
Shaw's Reviews of Daly's Shakespeare: The Wooing of Ada Rehan
Authors: Jackson Russell 
Published: January 2009

George Bernard Shaw reviewed three of Augustin Daly's Shakespeare productions in the course of his stint as theatre critic of The Saturday Review, and wrote briefly on another when he was the music critic of The World. At the beginning of the last of these notices, describing As You Like It in 1897 and Ada Rehan's performance in it, Shaw wrote: ‘I never see Miss Ada Rehan act without burning to present Mr Augustin Daly with a delightful villa in Saint Helena.’ Listing some of the production's errors produced a more sombre threat:To think that Mr Daly will die in his bed, whilst innocent presidents of republics, who never harmed an immortal bard, are falling on all sides under the knives of well-intentioned reformers whose only crime is that they assassinate the wrong people! And yet let me be magnanimous. I confess I would not like to see Mr Daly assassinated. Saint Helena would satisfy me. (ShSh, 44) Readers of Shaw's reviews, especially those who encounter them only through Edwin Wilson's selection in Shaw on Shakespeare, will only know Augustin Daly's productions as seen by Shaw. But these critiques were part of a campaign on behalf of Shaw's aims for the theatre, and, specifically, a ‘wooing’ of Ada Rehan for the Shavian drama.
Two Playgoers, and the Closing of the London Theatres, 1642
Authors: Butler Martin 
Published: January 2009

An interesting incident at one of the London theatres, which has been overlooked by theatre historians, is recorded in the Historical Collections of Nehemiah Wallington, a citizen and turner of London. Wallington (1598–1658) operated a small independent business in Eastcheap and, in common with many other contemporaries of middling station, had a very pious cast of mind. For thirty years he compiled a collection of memorabilia of men and affairs, and particularly of events which revealed the workings of Providence. Early in 1642 he recorded the following:Mark the judgement of God upon one that stood in defence of plays, and to maintain them.
From Theatre to Theatricality—How to Construct Reality
Authors: Fischer-Lichte Erika 
Published: January 2009

At the end of the nineteenth century, the dominance of language, so typical of Western culture since the Renaissance, was increasingly challenged. As early as 1876, Nietzsche wrote on Richard Wagner in Thoughts Out of Season:He was the first to recognize an evil which is as widespread as civilization itself among men; language is everywhere diseased, and the burden of this terrible disease weighs heavily upon the whole of man's development. Inasmuch as language has retreated ever more and more from its true province— the expression of strong feelings, which it was once able to convey in all their simplicity—and has always had to strain after the practically impossible achievement of communicating the reverse of feeling, that is to say, thought, its strength has become so exhausted by this excessive confusion of its duties during the comparatively short period of modern civilization, that it is no longer able to perform even that function which justifies its existence, to wit, the assisting of those who suffer in communicating with each other concerning the sorrows of existence. Man can no longer make this misery known unto others by means of language; hence he cannot really express himself any longer. And under these conditions, which are only vaguely felt at present, language has gradually become a force in itself which with spectral arms coerces and drives humanity where it least wants to go.The disease of language which Nietzsche here diagnoses, can be described as a degeneration of language from the state of being a polyfunctional, ambiguous, flexible semiotic system that allows people to express their feelings, constitute their selves and communicate with each other, into a restrictive technical language.
A French Troupe in Naples in 1773: A Theatrical Curiosity
Authors: Davison Rosena 
Published: January 2009

On January 2nd 1773 the abbé Galiani wrote to his friend in Paris, Mme d'Epinay: ‘Qu'on voie Paris et Naples, on verra une légère esquisse du tout et du néant.’ He is referring to the dearth of interesting people and events he found on returning to his native Naples, in contrast to the flourishing social and cultural life which he had enjoyed with his many friends in Paris. Forced to leave the post he had held for ten years as secretary to the ambassador of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies because of a diplomatic blunder, Galiani dreaded his return to Naples, and his letters constantly complain of the intolerable conditions of what he termed his ‘exile’. While prone to a certain amount of exaggeration in his letters – thereby hoping to provoke sympathy amongst his Parisian correspondents – Galiani nevertheless had cause to complain of the intellectual ‘desert’ in which he now found himself. This is how he expressed it to Mme d'Epinay, his closest and most faithful correspondent:Si vous ne me rendez pas ma gaîté, je n'écrirai plus à personne; car ici je n'ai rien qui me tourmente, si ce n'est que je n'ai ni d'amusements, ni de plaisirs, ni d'amis, ni d'écoliers, ni de dîners, ni de soupers, ni d'argent, ni de vanité, ni de gaîté, ni d'affaires agréables, ni d'amours. (I, 50–1)It is therefore not surprising that an unusual theatrical event in Naples shook him out of the apathy into which he had retreated, and temporarily at least filled the Neapolitan ‘néant’ of which he complained. This was the arrival of a French theatre company; and for approximately two and a half months, from early January to mid-March 1773, Galiani's letters to Mme d'Epinay were almost entirely devoted to what he enthusiastically called his ‘Gazette des Spectacles’. The event could not fail to capture his undivided attention. The company, directed by Sennepart, was to perform seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French plays at the Teatro dei Fiorentini. Apart from delighting Galiani, this brief episode of theatrical history provides us with some interesting insights into the taste in drama, both French and Italian, at the mid-way point of the second half of the eighteenth century. In this article we propose to examine the choice of plays, and the reactions of the Neapolitan audiences, as reported by Galiani who, with his thorough and up-to-date knowledge of the French theatre and of the milieu which had inspired it, frequently amazes (and amuses) us with the perspicacity of the comments in his ‘Gazette’.