bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accidental Overdosing in Patients with Take-Home Methadone – A Case Series
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Arya Sidharth , Chadha Gunjan , Gupta Rajiv 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Methadone maintenance therapy is administered at designated centers in India as “daily observed treatment” regimen. During the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines were relaxed, and take-home methadone was allowed for 5–7 days. We discuss three cases of accidental methadone overdose among the patients who were on take-home dispensing. Among three cases, overdose was experienced by the patient himself in one case, while in the second one, it was by 2-year-old child of the patient, and in the third one, by the patient’s wife which proved fatal. Increasing number of treatment centers is likely to take up take-home policies owing to the ease and comfort of the patients. There is an urgent need to develop interventions which can be useful in supervising take-home dispensing and reducing the potential overdosing incidents.
Scrolling and Stress: Exploring Internet Usage for Social Media and Psychological Distress in Young Adults
Authors: Kumar P C Pradeep , Kishor M , Raj Archana Anthony , Murugappan M. , Palaniswamy Dhanabal S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Internet usage is increasing significantly among young adults for various purposes. Understanding the extent of their social media engagement is crucial. This study aims to explore how much young adults use the Internet for social media and its link to psychological distress.

Methods:
The study included 423 UG and PG students from two private colleges in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. They were selected using a purposive sampling technique. An online survey collected data through a sociodemographic data sheet, the Internet Use Scale, and the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale.

Results:
The findings revealed that 26% (n = 111) of students excessively use the Internet for social media activities. More males (56.76%) than females (43.24%) use this excessively. Around 23% of these heavy users have four or more social media accounts. Instagram is the most popular platform (32%), followed by combinations such as Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube (28%), and Instagram paired with YouTube (20%). Excessive Internet users (P < 0.001) spend an average of 3.57 h on social media, while nonexcessive users spend 2.51 h. Over half of the excessive users had psychological distress (P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between average social media usage hours, Internet use score, and psychological distress (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Internet usage for social media activity is rising among students, and using multiple social media accounts and excessive use are associated with psychological distress.
Toxic Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Shrivastava Neha , Shrivastava Vikas , Tomar Rajesh Singh , Jyoti Anurag 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Exploitation of nano-based materials has increased the disposal of nanoparticles into the environment. Toxic nanomaterials pose their adverse effects and severely impact the human and environmental health. The aim of this study was to explore the toxic effects of chemically-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on Chlorella vulgaris using an algal growth inhibition assay.

Materials and Methods:
Nanoparticles were synthesized using cupric sulfate and sodium hydroxide. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy. C. vulgaris culture was exposed to various concentrations of CuO-NPs at intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Growth inhibition assay of algal culture was estimated via the spectroscopic method and cell enumeration was done by Neubauer hemocytometry.

Results:
The average diameter of CuO-NPs was ~35.85 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the configuration of CuO-NPs. Therefore, FTIR results has indicated high purity of synthesized CuO-NPs. Size of the CuO-NPs was determined by XRD. Results showed that growth of C. vulgaris microalgae was notably affected by the exposure of 2 mg/L CuO-NPs concentration exposure for 6 h.

Conclusion:
The current work showed that CuO-NPs have significant toxic to Chlorella sp. Data analysis showed NPs have broad effects on growth of C. vulgaris and there is a correlation between nanoparticles concentration as well as their toxicity on the microalgae.
Pharmaceutical study and evaluation of herbal cookies infused with Rasayana Churna: A comprehensive study on sensory acceptance and nutrient profile
Authors: Singh Varun , Anjana Chandhiruthil Sathyan , Galib Ruknuddin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Rasayana Churna (RC) is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation composed of Amalaki, Guduchi, and Gokshura. Renowned for its rejuvenating attributes and contribution to healthy aging, this formulation offers potential benefits in promoting overall well-being. Utilization of this powder dosage form presents an opportunity to formulate nutritional cookies enriched with beneficial constituents. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional composition, physical properties, and sensory quality of the cookies added with RC.

METHODS:

RC cookies were prepared using the standard method of preparation of cookies. The sensory evaluation of the cookies was evaluated by a panel of 20 volunteers using the Hedonic Scale. The cookies were analyzed for nutritional values like calorie content, crude fat, carbohydrate, protein, sugar, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, sugar, and sodium.

RESULTS:
Nine cookies, each weighing 26 g, were prepared out of 300 g of ingredients. Three batches of cookies were prepared to determine the quantity of RC. The sensory analysis of the cookies revealed a positive response from the panelists, indicating their acceptance. The nutritional analysis showed 500.99 kcal/100 g of calorie content, 6.64/100 g protein levels, and 7.86/100 g PUFA. Additionally, essential minerals, including sodium, were detected. The HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of active ingredients of the RC in the cookies.

CONCLUSION:
The prepared RC cookies are rich in nutrition compared to the cookies available in the market concerning calorie content, protein content, and other nutritional values. The PUFA were found to be three times more than the two market samples compared. The low sugar content makes the cookie a healthier snack for the general population. The sensory analysis showed the overall acceptability of the cookies.
Pharmacognostical specification of Cannabis sativa L. (Bhanga) leaves processed with various Ayurveda-recommended methods
Authors: Tavhare Swagata Dilip , Acharya Rabinarayan , Harisha C R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Since years, Cannabis sativa L. has been used for medicinal, recreational, and spiritual purposes. Cannabinoids, mainly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), possess great therapeutic potential; at the counterpart imparts psychotropic and euphoric effects. Considering therapeutic benefits, many countries are legalizing the cultivation and medicinal utilization of Cannabis species. Ayurveda science has recommended four methods for Cannabis processing to reduce its intoxicant effect. The pharmacognostical changes after processing of Cannabis leaves have been reported in this article.

METHODS:
The dry sample of female species of C. sativa L. was procured from Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India; after permission of the excise department. The samples have been tested microscopically for species confirmation. It has been processed by four different methods, namely Jalanimajjana (water dipping), Jalaprakshalana (water-wash), Godugdha Swedana (boiling in cow’s milk), and Babbul-twak Kwatha Swedana (boiling in the decoction of Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. Processed samples were tested for organoleptic characters, powder microscopic features and comparative analysis was done with unprocessed samples.

RESULTS:
Processing changes organoleptic characters and alters the morpho-anatomic features like reduction in trichomes; deformation of structures like cystolith, epidermis, fibers, spiral vessel, trichomes and oil globules.

CONCLUSION:
Processing changes organoleptic characters, deforms features like epidermis, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, stomata, spiral vessels, fibers, oil globules etc. and alters characteristics of trichomes which are suggestive of changes in active constituents like THC, CBD etc. Reduction in trichomes is indicative of fall in THC levels, which will help to reduce psychoactive nature of Cannabis.
Our Clinical and Radiological Results in the Treatment of Bone Transport with Ilizarov External Fixator in Patients with Segmental Tibial Defects. Is Depression Associated with Poor Outcomes?
Authors: Aksoy Ahmet , Atay Tolga , Aslan Ahmet 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent bone transport with Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of tibial defects due to traumatic causes, and to investigate the factors that have a positive or negative effect on the results.

Patients and Methods:
From a total of 30 patients with tibial segment loss due to traumatic causes treated with bone transport with an Ilizarov external fixator between 2013 and 2020 in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Faculty, 25 with adequate examinations and follow up were included in this study and were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were grouped according to the etiology of bone loss, demographic characteristics, Paley’s pseudoarthrosis classification and Solomin’s long bone defect classification. The results were evaluated according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) outcome criteria.

Results:
The 25 patients in the study comprised 20 males and 5 females with an average age of 44.80 ± 18.51 years. According to the Paley pseudoarthrosis classification, 16 (64%) patients were Type B1, 5 (20%) were Type B2, and 4 (16%) were Type B3. According to the Solomin long bone defect classification, 4 (16%) patients were Type B2, 14 (56%) were Type C1, and 7 (28%) were Type C2. In some patients, due to the fixation problem, early fixation was achieved with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis or intramedullar nailing by removing the Ilizarov fixator after the necessary length and alignment was achieved for the purpose of early rehabilitation. Early fixation was achieved before consolidation was completed in 16 of 25 patients. Fixator duration was 360 ± 130.77 days in the group without additional fixation and external fixation index (EFI) was 61.63 ± 29.81 days/cm, while the fixator duration was 273.33 ± 116.82 days in the early fixation group, and EFI was 57.22 ± 29.05 day/cm. Complications were evaluated according to Paley’s criteria. A total of 39 complications were recorded, the most common being pin tract infection. The ASAMI bone results were found to be excellent in 7 patients, good in 9, moderate in 4, and poor in 5. The functional results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 11, moderate in 4, and poor in 5. In addition, 5 (20%) of 25 patients whose results were evaluated had depressive illness. Moreover, the results of these patients were found to be poor according to the ASAMI criteria.

Conclusion:
The Ilizarov method is a very safe and successful option in the treatment of open fractures with tibial segment loss resulting from high-energy traumas. Nevertheless, when making the decision for treatment with this method, the patient’s current depressive disorder should be taken into consideration in addition to the clinical problems of the patients.
Effects of Orthodontic Mechanics on Root Resorption: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alruwaili Sultan Fatil Habib , Alessa Mohammed Khalid , Alhamid Abdullah Anwar , Albilasi Saif Saud M , Alanazi Samer Abdullah 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic treatment is a common dental procedure aimed at correcting malocclusions and improving dental aesthetics. However, one of the potential side effects of orthodontic treatment is root resorption, which can lead to permanent damage to the tooth’s root structure

Materials and Methods:
In this comparative study, 60 orthodontic patients were divided into three groups, each receiving a different orthodontic treatment approach: Group A—conventional fixed orthodontic appliances, Group B—self-ligating orthodontic appliances, and Group C—clear aligners. Digital radiographs were taken before and after treatment to assess root resorption. The extent of root resorption was quantified using a standardized measurement scale.

Results:
The results indicated that Group A exhibited an average root resorption of 0.2 mm, Group B showed an average root resorption of 0.1 mm, and Group C had the lowest average root resorption of 0.05 mm. These findings suggest that clear aligners resulted in significantly less root resorption compared to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances and self-ligating orthodontic appliances (P < 0.05)

Conclusion:
This comparative study highlights the differential effects of various orthodontic mechanics on root resorption. Clear aligners demonstrated the least amount of root resorption when compared to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances and self-ligating orthodontic appliances.
Assessment of IL-8 Levels in Saliva of Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Individuals
Authors: Suryavanshi Vinaykumar G. , Tale Ravi K. , Aasole Ankush G. , Barge Arti K. , Sanikop Sheetal , Gopashetti Pallavi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Inflammation of the gums and other tissues supporting the teeth, as well as gradual loss of attachment and bone, are the results of chronic periodontitis, an infectious illness. During inflammation, a group of low molecular weight proteins called cytokines facilitate a complex interaction between inflammatory cells (such neutrophils) and other cellular components in connective tissue. The cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Therefore, it is possible that IL-8 is crucial to the development of periodontitis’s pathology.

Objectives:
1) To estimate concentration of IL-8 levels in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis individuals. 2) To compare IL-8 levels in healthy and chronic periodontitis individuals

Materials and Methods:
Participants in this research will be recruited from among those who visit the outpatient department (OPD) at the NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, run by the Maratha Mandal.

Control Group:
Subjects with no clinical attachment loss (CAL) and a probing depth of 3.0 mm are considered to be periodontally healthy. Those in Group 2 (chronic periodontitis) have a chronic form of the disease, as shown by a probing pocket depth (PPD) of less than 5 mm and CAL of less than 2 mm. Unstimulated saliva sample will be collected in a 5 mL wide-mouthed sterile container by spitting method. Samples collected will be centrifuged. The supernatant is collected and stored at –80°C and then assayed for IL-8 concentration by using the standardized IL-8 ELISA kit.
Unveiling the Obsession: Exercise Addiction among Female Amateur Runners in Delhi-NCR and the Power of Unwavering Commitment
Authors: Bala Indu , Manglani Anita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:
This study was intended for a possible relationship that might exist between exercise addiction and unbending commitment among female amateur runners. Exercise addiction (EA) can be characterized as an obsession with physical activity;

Materials and Methods:
The “purposive sampling method” was utilized to collect data. The inventories taken for this purpose were “The Exercise Addiction Inventory” and “Commitment Running Scale.” The questionnaire was filled out by 100 participants aged between 18 and 50 years from the capital of India and its border area (Delhi and NCR).

Results and Conclusion:
It was found that 39% of female long-distance runners were exercise addicts, and 72% were highly committed to running, supporting a probable reason for EA.
Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Pregabalin in Preoperative Pediatric Sedation
Authors: Mahdy Wafiya , Saad Khaled , Gad Eman F. , Shabaan Islam , Hassan Abd-El-Monem M. , Ezzat Mohamed , Afify Noha A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and sedative effects of a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg pregabalin in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery. It also assessed potential adverse effects and its impact on bispectral index (BIS) responses

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized clinical trial enrolled 60 pediatric patients undergoing minor elective surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral pregabalin (5 mg/kg) or a placebo one hour before induction of anesthesia. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), and sedation levels were evaluated using the Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS).

Results:
Pregabalin premedication significantly reduced preoperative anxiety, as indicated by lower VAS-A scores compared to the control group. Sedation levels, measured using the RSS, were significantly higher in the pregabalin group at various time points post-dose. During intubation, skin incision, and recovery, BIS responses were significantly lower in the pregabalin group

Conclusion:
The use of single-dose pregabalin preoperatively in children recorded a significant decrease in anxiety and achieved a state of sedation without an increase in adverse effects.
Investigation of the Potential of Nanoparticles as a New Drug Delivery System for Endodontic Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jain Gaurav , Shukla Preeti , Misra Pradyumna , Hans Manoj , Rastogi Shatakshi , Verma Sonali 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endodontic treatment involves the removal of infected dental pulp and subsequent disinfection of the root canal system. The effectiveness of drug delivery systems in root canal disinfection is critical for successful treatment outcomes. This in vitro study explores the potential of nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for endodontic treatment

Materials and Methods:
Nanoparticles were synthesized using a biocompatible polymer and loaded with an antimicrobial agent. A total of 60 extracted human teeth were prepared to create standardized root canal infections. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups: (1) conventional irrigation, (2) nanoparticle irrigation, and (3) control (no irrigation). The root canals in each group were irrigated with their respective solutions for 5 minutes. After treatment, microbial samples were collected from the root canals and cultured for colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis. The depth of penetration of nanoparticles into dentinal tubules was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results:
The conventional irrigation group showed a reduction in microbial load from an average of 7.8 × 10^5 CFU/mL (SD ± 1.2 × 10^5) to 3.4 × 10^4 CFU/mL (SD ± 7.9 × 10^3) (P < 0.001). In contrast, the nanoparticle irrigation group exhibited a more significant reduction, with a decrease in CFU to 1.2 × 10^3 CFU/mL (SD ± 4.2 × 10^2) (P < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed deep penetration of nanoparticles into dentinal tubules, reaching an average depth of 150 μm

Conclusion:
Nanoparticles loaded with antimicrobial agents demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing microbial load within root canals compared to conventional irrigation. Their ability to penetrate dentinal tubules suggests their potential as an innovative drug delivery system for endodontic treatment. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate these promising in vitro results and assess the safety and efficacy of nanoparticles in clinical practice.
Assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Bioactive Glass in the Management of Intrabony Defect
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Preethanath Reghunathan S , Khan Nubesh , Mohapatra Abhijita , Reshma Arunima Padmakumar , Seshadri Pavithra Rangarajan , Awinashe Minal Vaibhav 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To assess the function of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) both only and in combination with bioactive glass in intrabony defects.

Materials and Method:
Twenty patients were split into two groups with 10 samples each: group I with PRP alone, whereas group II was done with PRP in addition to bioactive glass. Following local anesthesia, full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in the afflicted site, the defect was debrided, and root planning with curettes was performed. Irrigation was then used while in group II- PRP along with bone graft (BG) preservationwas done. Suturing in group I was contained. At day 0 (baseline) and 6 months after surgery, the clinical parameters for probing depth, clinical attachment stage, and radiographic assessment were noted for both groups.

Result:
When comparing both groups, there was no statistically considerable variation. However, the intragroup comparison for pocket depth and clinical attachment level between baseline and 6 months was significant. Radiographic bone level was not considerably dissimilar across groups; however, it was significantly different between groups

Conclusion:
Reduced probing depth, higher clinical attachment level, and radiographic evidence of bone fill are clinical outcome measures that are associated with effective regenerative therapy.
A CBCT Assessment of Orthodontic Mini-Implant Placement
Authors: Ashil AM , Sharma Aseem , Jose Lijo K , Grover Shubhi , Kochar Anuraj Singh , Varghese Shaji T. , Sharma Tanushree , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study compares the precision of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and two-dimensional radiography for mini-implant implantation.

Materials and Method:
For 30 sites (in 15 patients between the ages of 13 and 26 years), the buccal interradicular region among the 2nd premolar and 1st molar was found to be the best location for mini-implants. Next, two groups of the mini-implant implantation process were created. Mini-implants were positioned at the CBCT data-identified sites in the CBCT group. Mini-implants were inserted in the RVG group by using two-dimensional digital radiography and a specially constructed guide. To assess the precision of the mini-implant implantation, post-placement CBCT images were acquired. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.

Result:
The two groups showed a statistically considerable variation in the mini-implant placement’s departure from the optimal height. Due to the smaller interradicular space and decreased convenience in the posterior mandibular area, two out of 15 mini-implants in the RVG group demonstrated root contact in the mandibular jaw

Conclusion:
The two-dimensional intraoral radiograph of the interradicular area provides sufficient information for mini-implant placement even though CBCT accurately visualizes the interradicular space in three dimensions.