bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic morphology on neurons from prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens is altered in adult male mice exposed to repeated low dose of malathion
Authors: Campaña Alba Delia , Sanchez Fremioht , Gamboa Citlalli , Gómez‐Villalobos Ma De Jesús , De La Cruz Fidel , Zamudio Sergio , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMalathion is a highly neurotoxic pesticide widely used in daily life. Acute and chronic toxicity from this organophosphorus compound may cause damage to health, especially to the central nervous system. In the present work, we show the effects of chronic exposure of malathion on dendritic morphology of neurons from prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in adult male mice. Animals were injected i.p. with low dose of malathion (40 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. Control animals were injected with corn oil, used as vehicle. Fourteen days after the last injection, brains were removed and processed by the Golgi‐Cox stain method, and coronal sections were obtained to perform Sholl analysis on pyramidal neurons from the PFC, CA1 area from the hippocampus, and medium spiny cells from the NAcc. Dendritic morphology analysis included the total dendritic length, the maximum branching order, and the dendritic spine density. Results indicated a significant decrement on dendritic morphology in neurons from the hippocampus and the PFC in animals injected with malathion, whereas medium spiny neurons from NAcc showed a significant decrement only on the dendritic spine density in malathion injected mice, as compared to control mice. These results suggest that chronic toxicity of malathion alters the dendritic morphology in adult age, which may affect behavior. Synapse 62:283–290, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plate‐out in PVC extrusion. I. Analysis of plate‐out
Authors: Gilbert Marianne , Varshney Neil , van Soom Koen , Schiller Michael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSamples of extruder plate‐out from industrial rigid PVC production lines were investigated by using a number of analytical techniques. The combined use of SEM‐EDX (scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X‐ray analysis), thermal analysis, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry), and LIMA (laser‐induced mass analysis) enabled most plate‐out components to be identified and linked to likely formulation ingredients. The FTIR and thermal analyses were used to identify organic components. The FTIR analysis was also useful for identifying some inorganic compounds present in sufficient quantities, while EDX detected the elements present. The LIMA was the most sensitive technique, detecting trace quantities of both cations and anions. Calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and lead stabilizers were found in all die plate‐out samples studied, together with small amounts of lubricants. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Influence of regenerated polyurethane on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polypropylene during multiple processing cycles
Authors: Zhang Shu Ling , Zhang Zhen Xiu , Kim Jin Kuk 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis work mainly introduces the recyclability of polypropylene (PP) modified by regenerated polyurethane (PU) that was obtained after partial thermochemical decomposition of waste PU. The influence of regenerated PU on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PP during multiple processing cycles was evaluated by a universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analyses. The data showed that the mechanical properties of the modified PP were dependent on the content of regenerated PU with the increase in the number of processing cycles, whereas the thermal stability of the modified PP was almost independent of the content of regenerated PU. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL, 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of the additive package on the thermal properties of a commercial polyoxymethylene homopolymer
Authors: Lüftl Sigrid , Archodoulaki Vasiliki‐Maria , Koch Thomas , Seidler Sabine 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe present study worked out the effects of the additive package on both the degradation behavior and the thermal properties of a commercial polyoxymethylene (POM) homopolymer (Delrin® 900P) during an artificial thermooxidative aging. The POM pellets were investigated as received and after a storage duration of 5 weeks at 140°C in an oven. Additionally, the pellets for the initial and aged conditions were purified to remove the additives. The degradation behavior was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the thermal properties were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further, optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to follow changes occurring during the artificial aging. Dynamic TGA in nitrogen and air showed that even after a severe aging procedure, some thermooxidative stabilizer was still present. However, its effectiveness was no longer good, as the aged POM showed a lower degradation temperature than the initial material. This result is evidence that thermally sensitive and more volatile compounds were formed. Purification of the aged pellets led to a material that degraded immediately during melting. Isothermal DSC experiments carried out at several temperatures showed that the elimination of the additives increased the crystallization rate. The crystallization kinetics could be described by using the Avrami model. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL, 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of Infra‐Hepatic Inferior Vena Cava Clamping on Bleeding During Hepatic Dissection: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Kato Masato , Kubota Keiichi , Kita Junji , Shimoda Mitsugi , Rokkaku Kyu , Sawada Tokihiko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe success of hepatectomy can be associated with intraoperative blood loss because massive blood loss causes a poor prognosis. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) clamping on the bleeding amount during hepatectomy.MethodsEighty‐five patients scheduled to undergo hepatic resection were randomly assigned to the IVC clamping or an IVC nonclamping group according to age, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes, operative procedure, and number of tumors by prospective, randomized method. All analyses were compared by Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsForty‐three patients were assigned to the IVC clamping group and 42 to the nonclamping group (IVC clamping group vs. non‐clamping): total blood loss (499 vs. 584 ml; p = 0.567), amount of bleeding during hepatectomy (233 vs. 285 ml; p = 0.474), amount of bleeding during hepatectomy/area of dissection (4.9 vs. 6.6 ml/cm2; p = 0.63), CVP difference (−3 cmH2O vs. −1 cmH2O; p < 0.01), and diameter of the right hepatic vein (−2.2 cm vs. 0; p < 0.01).ConclusionsAlthough we had speculated that infrahepatic IVC clamping would reduce blood loss during hepatectomy, we failed to demonstrate any beneficial effects in this clinical setting with low CVP.
Separation of Individual Tocopherols from Soybean Distillate by Low Pressure Column Chromatography
Authors: Wan Jianchun , Zhang Weinong , Jiang Bo , Guo Yonghong , Hu Chuanrong 
Published: January 2008

Abstractα‐Tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol and δ‐tocopherol were successfully separated and purified from soybean vitamin E concentrate (53% purity, from soybean oil deodorizer distillate) using a low‐pressure glass column (500 mm × 25 mm, I.D., packed with silica gel). The effects of eluent, flow‐rate and sample loading on separation efficiency were investigated using product purity and recovery as evaluation indices. On the basis of the single factor experiment results, an orthogonal test was designed to optimize the chromatographic separation conditions. The optimum conditions obtained by using analyses of extreme difference and variance are as follows: cyclohexane‐ethanol 99.7:0.3 (v/v), flow‐rate at 25 ml/min and loading amount being 2 ml (concentration 1 g/ml). Under these optimum conditions, purity of the α‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol and δ‐tocopherol were 92.35, 91.23, 89.95%, respectively; the recovery of those products were 35.21, 36.25, 61.25%, respectively. The advantage of this process is that high purity individual tocopherols can be obtained directly from soybean vitamin E concentrate at 53% purity, without additional purification steps.
Relationships between plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and neurohormonal profile in patients with heart failure
Authors: Yan Andrew T. , Yan Raymond T. , Spinale Francis G. , Afzal Rizwan , Gunasinghe Himali R. , Stroud Robert E. , McKelvie Robert S. , Liu Peter P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground:Both neurohormonal derangements and alterations in the myocardial extracellular matrix are thought to contribute to adverse ventricular remodelling that results in worsening heart failure (HF). There is also emerging preclinical information to suggest that these signalling pathways mutually regulate in HF.Aim:To assess the relationships between plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), and neurohormonal profiles in chronic HF.Methods and results:In this substudy of 184 HF patients enrolled in the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) trial, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured with HPLC; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelin‐1 were measured with immunoassays; MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 were measured with 2‐site sandwich ELISA assays. We used Spearman's rank correlation to examine the relationships between plasma MMP and neurohormone levels. Circulating ANP, BNP, and endothelin‐1 levels were positively correlated with MMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 levels. Plasma level of aldosterone showed a weak positive correlation with MMP‐9, but there was no significant correlation between angiotensin II, epinephrine or norepinephrine and MMP‐2, MMP‐9, or TIMP‐1.Conclusions:These findings suggest that specific neurohormones and extracellular matrix modulators may play a coordinated role in the pathogenesis of HF.
Circulating Stromelysin‐1 (MMP‐3): A novel predictor of LV dysfunction, remodelling and all‐cause mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kelly D. , Khan S. , Cockerill G. , Ng L.L. , Thompson M. , Samani N.J. , Squire I.B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIntroduction:Changes to cardiac matrix are central to ventricular remodelling after acute MI and matrix metalloproteinase expression is implicated in this process. We investigated the temporal profile of MMP‐3 and its relationship to LV dysfunction and prognosis following AMI.Methods:We studied 382 patients with AMI. Plasma MMP‐3 was measured at 0–12, 12–24 h and for subsequent 24 h periods during admission. LV function (LVEF) was assessed by echocardiography pre‐discharge and at a median of 148 days and clinical endpoints at a median of 313 days.Results:MMP‐3 peaked prior to discharge thus pre‐discharge levels were used in analyses. MMP‐3 was associated with patient age (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001) and was higher in males (p<0.001) and hypertensives (p<0.001). MMP‐3 inversely correlated with LVEF at follow‐up (p=0.043), was higher in subjects with LVEF <40% (p=0.017) and in subjects with increasing EDV (p=0.017) or ESV (p=0.007) compared to those in whom volumes fell between visits. In the 58 patients reaching the endpoint of death or heart failure, MMP‐3 was higher (p<0.001). On Kaplan–Meier analysis, subjects with levels above optimum cut off identified via ROC curves were more likely to suffer a clinical event (p=0.037).Conclusion:MMP‐3 is associated with left ventricular dysfunction, adverse left ventricular remodelling and prognosis after AMI.
Evaluation of open approach and injection laryngoplasty inrevision thyroplasty procedures
Authors: Andrews Brian T. , van Daele Douglas J. , Karnell Michael P. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Graham Scott M. , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTIONVocal outcomes after medialization laryngoplasty are variable and may change over time. A revision procedure via open approach or an injection laryngoplasty may be necessary to improve vocal outcomes.METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed.RESULTSTwenty‐nine subjects were identified and stratified into group 1A (n = 9) if the allograft was repositioned/replaced, group 1B (n = 4) if the allograft was removed, and group 2 (n = 16) if an injection laryngoplasty was performed. Statistically significant differences were found between all data prerevision to postrevision (P ≤ 0.05) for group 1A and group 2 when multiple paired‐sample t tests were calculated for patient‐reported voice severity ratings and voice impact ratings as well as clinician‐reported voice ratings of grade, roughness, and breathiness. Results of group 2 were often temporary, with 10 of 16 (62.5%) subjects receiving multiple injections.CONCLUSIONBoth open revision laryngoplasty and injection laryngoplasty are successful at providing improved vocal outcomes. Results are often temporary after injection laryngoplasty and often require multiple procedures.
Influence of gender and injection site on vocal fold augmentation
Authors: Mau Ted , Courey Mark S. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVETo determine the influence of gender and injection site on the amount of injectate needed to medialize an immobile vocal fold, and to describe the distribution patterns of the injected bolus.STUDY DESIGNSurgical intervention in human cadaveric larynges in experimental setting.SUBJECTS AND METHODSCadaveric larynges were injected with calcium hydroxylapatite into the lateral or medial aspect of the vocal fold. High‐resolution CT scans were obtained before and after injection.RESULTSMales required 50% to 60% more material than females (P = 0.03). For both genders, lateral injections required more than medial injections (P < 0.001). Laterally injected boluses tended to distribute toward the cricothyroid space, with frank extrusions more common in females.CONCLUSIONThe amount of injectate required to medialize male and female vocal folds is significantly different. The smaller size of the female larynx likely accounts for a higher incidence of extrusion through the cricothyroid space. These gender differences should be taken into consideration when performing injection laryngoplasty.
Comparison of radiofrequency tissue volume reduction and submucosal resection with microdebrider in inferior turbinate hypertrophy
Authors: Kizilkaya Zeynep , Ceylan Kursat , Emir Hatice , Yavanoglu Ahmet , Unlu Ilhan , Samim Erdal , Akagün Murat C. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVESTo compare the efficacy of submucosal temperature‐controlled radiofrequency tissue volume reduction (TCRFTVR) and resection with microdebrider (SMRM) in chronic inferior turbinate hypertrophy.STUDY DESIGNProspective, randomized, and single‐blinded clinical trial.METHODSThe study group consisted of 30 symptomatic patients who underwent simultaneous TCRFTVR and SMRM for consecutive sides. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and acoustic rhinometry (ARM) were made preoperatively and at 12th week and 6th month postoperatively; saccharine transport time (STT) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were performed at 12th week and 6th month postoperatively. The rate of the need for the revision operation was determined between 6 and 12 months period postoperatively.RESULTSSignificant improvement was achieved in VAS scores and ARM measurements after both procedures, whereas both parameters did not differ significantly between two procedures postoperatively. STT and CBF showed no significant post‐treatment variation in comparison of the intergroup measurements. The rates of the need for revision operation were not significantly different.CONCLUSIONIdentical results in objective and subjective parameters were observed for both techniques. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Bare life and the developmental state: implications of the militarisation of higher education in Eritrea
Authors: Müller Tanja R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTIn this article Eritrea is discussed as a developmental state based on biopolitics. Taking the example of higher education, it is shown how the biopolitical project as applied to education policies and human resource development at first succeeded in terms of reinforcing personal nationalism, while at the same time opening up spaces for the fulfilment of personal aspirations. Of late, however, the biopolitical project has turned ‘pernicious’ and has become a tool of oppression. These developments, if they are to continue, will not only jeopardise the state's developmental agenda but may lead to the Eritrean polity in its present form becoming unviable.
Metabolic evidence for biogeographic isolation of the extremophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber
Authors: Rosselló-Mora Ramon , Lucio Marianna , Peña Arantxa , Brito-Echeverría Jocelyn , López-López Aránzazu , Valens-Vadell Maria , Frommberger Moritz , Antón Josefa , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The biogeography of prokaryotes and the effect of geographical barriers as evolutionary constraints are currently subjected to great debate. Some clear-cut evidence for geographic isolation has been obtained by genetic methods but, in many cases, the markers used are too coarse to reveal subtle biogeographical trends. Contrary to eukaryotic microorganisms, phenotypic evidence for allopatric segregation in prokaryotes has never been found. Here we present, for the first time, a metabolomic approach based on ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to reveal phenotypic biogeographical discrimination. We demonstrate that strains of the cosmopolitan extremophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber, isolated from different sites in the world, can be distinguished by means of characteristic metabolites, and that these differences can be correlated to their geographical isolation site distances. The approach allows distinct degrees of discrimination for isolates at different geographical scales. In all cases, the discriminative metabolite patterns were quantitative rather than qualitative, which may be an indication of geographically distinct transcriptional or posttranscriptional regulations.
Differences in soil bacterial diversity: driven by contemporary disturbances or historical contingencies?
Authors: Ge Yuan , He Ji-zheng , Zhu Yong-guan , Zhang Jia-bao , Xu Zhihong , Zhang Li-mei , Zheng Yuan-ming 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Contemporary environmental disturbances and historical contingencies are considered to be major factors driving current differences in microbial diversity. However, little was known about their relative importance. This study combines culture-independent molecular techniques and advanced statistical analyses to examine quantitatively the relative importance of contemporary disturbances and historical contingencies in influencing large-scale soil bacterial diversity using a large set of manipulated field-based molecular data (212 samples). Contemporary disturbances were represented by applications of different fertilizers N, P, K and organic manure (OM) and historical contingencies by distinct geographic sampling locations and soil profiles. Multivariate regression tree (MRT) analysis showed that diversity estimates were mainly distinguished by sampling locations, which explained 40.8% of the variation in bacterial diversity, followed by soil profiles (19.5%), sampling time (13.1%), OM (3.7%) and P (1.8%). Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis showed that the relative importance of different categorical factors on soil bacterial diversity variation was ranked as sampling locations, soil profiles, sampling time, OM and P. Both MRT and ABT analyses showed that historical contingencies were the dominant factor driving variation in bacterial diversity across a regional scale (about 1000 km), whereas some contemporary disturbances also caused variation in bacterial diversity at a local scale. This study demonstrated that past events and contemporary disturbances had similar influence on soil bacterial diversity to that documented for macroorganisms, indicating that there might be some common aspects of biogeography to all organisms.
Evaluating different approaches that test whether microbial communities have the same structure
Authors: Schloss Patrick D 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
As microbial ecology investigations have progressed from descriptive characterizations of a community to hypothesis-driven ecological research, a number of different statistical techniques have been developed to describe and compare the structure of microbial communities. Thus far, these methods have only been evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequence data obtained from incomplete characterizations of microbial communities. In this investigation, simulations were designed to test the statistical power of different methods to differentiate between communities with known memberships and structures. These simulations revealed three important results that affect how the results of the tests are interpreted. First, ∫-LIBSHUFF, TreeClimber, UniFrac, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and homogeneity of molecular variance (HOMOVA) compare the structure of communities and not just their memberships. Second, ∫-LIBSHUFF is unable to detect cases when one community structure is a subset of another. Third, AMOVA determines whether the genetic diversity within two or more communities is greater than their pooled genetic diversity, and HOMOVA determines whether the amount of genetic diversity in each community is significantly different. ∫-LIBSHUFF, TreeClimber and UniFrac lump these and other factors together when performing their analysis making it difficult to discern the nature of the differences that are detected between communities. These findings demonstrate that when correctly employed, the current statistical toolbox has the ability to address specific ecological questions concerning the differences between microbial communities.
Obesity in Young Adulthood Is Related to Social Mobility Among Swedish Men
Authors: Karnehed Nina E.K. , Rasmussen Finn , Hemmingsson Tomas , Tynelius Per 
Published: January 2008

Objective: Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between obesity and social status. The aim of this longitudinal study was to disentangle the relationship between BMI and social mobility between generations.Methods and Procedures: The study population consisted of 752,081 men, born between 1951 and 1965, who were Swedish citizens at conscription examinations. Intellectual capacity and BMI (kg/m2) were measured at age 18 years. Childhood socioeconomic index (SEI) was measured at an approximate age of 10 years and adult SEI at age 30 years. The odds ratios of moving up, down, or being socially stable were estimated with polytomous logistic regression. Multivariate analyses controlled for childhood SEI, intellectual capacity, education, birth‐year, and municipality.Results: Men who were obese at age 18 years had a fully adjusted odds ratio of 0.72 (0.67; 0.77) of being upwardly mobile and an odds ratio of 1.32 (1.22; 1.43) of being downwardly mobile compared to normal weight men.Discussion: Obese men in Sweden were more often downwardly mobile in the social hierarchy and less often upwardly mobile than normal weight men. BMI seems to be a determinant of the social mobility in Swedish men possibly indicating that societal factors influence the social mobility of obese men.