bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Statues from Cerigotto
Authors: Frost K. T. 
Published: May 2006

I. The bronze Hermes recovered from the wreck off Cerigotto is one of those works which must be judged from internal evidence alone: no reference to it has as yet been found in the ancient authors, we have no hint as to the city from which it originally came, no inscription to give us a clue to the name of the artist.It is at once apparent that the style shows no trace of severity, much less of archaism. It is therefore by some considered to be a work of the 4th century. The figure is rather above life size; it represents a young man, nude, resting the main weight of the body on the left leg while his right is slightly bent: there is however no forward motion suggested, the Hermes is standing with a somewhat languid grace. The right arm is raised and is extended half outwards, half sideways, while the head is also turned a little towards the right, thus displaying the muscles of the neck (see J.H.S. vol. XXIII. Pl. IX.) The left hand may have held a caduceus, which would dispel any doubt as to identification, but apart from such an attribute the whole character and treatment of the face seem to suggest a God and not a human athlete. The indications of a violent and passionate nature which Scopas used with such effect are smoothed over or fined away, while in the features and expression the intellectual rather than the animal side of human nature is emphasised.
The Account of Salamis in Herodotus
Authors: Grundy G. B. 
Published: May 2006

It is, I think, impossible to read Professor Goodwin's article on ‘Salamis’ in the Journal of the Archaeological Institute of America, 1882—83, without arriving at the conclusion that he has made out a very strong case for his main thesis, viz., that the plan of the battle was wholly different from that which has been constructed by modern historians, who misinterpret, as I suppose Professor Goodwin would hold, the account of Herodotus. I confess to cordial adherence to the main proposition contained in the article, but I find great difficulty in understanding the argument by which he endeavours to reconcile his view with the account given by Herodotus.That there is some defect in Herodotus' account is clear. At first reading it seems to consist in an absence of information as to the movements of the fleets in the battle itself.My impression is, however, that Herodotus had at his disposal information with regard to those movements, but misunderstood it.It will be necessary, in order to explain exactly what I mean, to go over much of the ground which Professor Goodwin traverses, and indeed to make use of some of his arguments.
Recent Additions to the Sculptures of the Parthenon
Authors: Smith A. H. 
Published: May 2006

The principal object of the present paper is the publication of a remarkable addition to the west pediment of the Parthenon, which is due to the practised eye of Herr Karl Schwerzek of Vienna. At the same time I would take the opportunity of calling attention to other additions and corrections which have been made in the last two or three years, in the sculptures of the Parthenon, as represented by the collection in the Elgin Room of the British Museum. Most of them have already been pointed out in the Catalogue of Sculpture in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, Vol. i. (1892), but a somewhat fuller discussion seems desirable than is consistent with the scheme of a Catalogue.The West Pediment of the Parthenon.The figure, which is known according to the system of notation introduced by Prof. Michaelis as Q, with her attendant figures P, R, was still in good preservation in 1674, when the pediment was drawn by Jacques Carrey for the Marquis de Nointel. Carrey's drawing of the three figures and of the adjoining group is reproduced in the annexed cut (Fig. 1), which has been taken from the facsimile in the British Museum, corrected in certain details from the photograph published in the Antike Denkmaeler, Vol. i. Pl. 6.
The Thersilion at Megalopolis
Authors: Benson E. F. 
Published: May 2006

The Thersilion, or assembly hall, built in close connexion with the theatre at Megalopolis, has now been completely cleared. Several plans of the building, including a conjectural restoration, have already appeared in the special Supplement to the Journal of Hellenic Studies, published this year. The latter was based on the small tentative diggings already made. The plan (Pl. XXI.) in this number shows the whole area, and includes many additions and corrections from the earlier plan.The chief point of interest has been the arrangement of the columns behind the centre. It was evident at once, as soon as the clearing began, that the plan did not in all respects bear out Mr. Schultz's conjectural restoration (Supplementary paper, J.H.S., p. 19). This was due partly to the fact that in the previous small diggings on the site two columns in the outer row next the south wall had been missed, partly because it was found on remeasurement that the centre was incorrectly marked.For the sake of convenience we propose to call the outer row of columns a, the second row b, and so on to the central scheme of four columns which we call e. The columns are further indicated by numbers; thus the southwest column in row a is a 1, the next following the line is a 2, up to a 17: the south-west column of b is b 1, and so with the other rows.
Vases added to the Ashmolean Museum
Authors: Gardner Percy 
Published: May 2006

I have already published in the pages of this Journal some of the vases acquired by the Ashmolean Museum since the catalogue of Ashmolean vases appeared in 1893.In vol. xviii, p. 136 is published a late Attic vase with a representation of the carrying off of Oreithyia by Boreas. In vol. xxi, p. 1 is published a red-figured vase representing Pandora rising out of the ground. In vol. xv, p. 325 two sepulchral lekythi are published. Two other papers (xiii. 70 and 137) comment upon vases already included in the Ashmolean catalogue, Nos. 211, 275, one concerned with the myth of Cacus, one with that of Tithonus and Eos.
Aegosthena
Authors: Benson E. F. 
Published: May 2006

Aegosthena, now more generally known as Porto Germano, lies on one of the easternmost bays of the Corinthian gulf, and on the northern frontier of the Megarid. Its remoteness from ordinary routes—for between it and Velia, itself an ultima Thule, rise 2,000 feet of pine-clad mountains—accounts for the fact that it is to this day practically unknown, and also perhaps for the very scanty mention of it in ancient literature. There was a shrine of Melampus there, the Spartans passed it in their retreat from Leuctra, and that is all. But the same remoteness has preserved for us a Greek fortified town in better condition and greater completeness than any other, not even excepting Messene.The town was divided into two parts, the Acropolis defended on all sides by a line of walls and towers, and the lower town fortified on the north, from the Acropolis down to the sea, by a similar line, still remaining in good condition. We are, I think, both by the exigencies of its position and also by certain scanty remains bound to assume the existence of a corresponding south wall, of which mention will be made later. The style of building both in the Acropolis and the long wall is the same.
Archaeology in Greece (1912–1913)
Authors: Droop J. P. 
Published: May 2006

Last year was not remarkable for any sensational archaeological discovery in Greece, but much good work was done, and the amount that was accomplished by the Greek authorities in spite of the interruption of the Balkan War is very creditable to their zeal and enthusiasm. It is perhaps fitting to offer them the congratulations of all interested in Greek archaeology on the amount of new ground that is now available for scientific study.In the minds of those who have known Athens in past years this season will perhaps be best remembered as the first after the definite retirement of Dr. Dörpfeld from his position as First Secretary of the Imperial German Institute in Athens. It is hard to estimate what his loss means not archaeologically only but also socially to Athens and to the students who go there, but happily through his work in Corfu his connexion with Greece is not yet severed.
Details of the Olympian ‘Treasuries’
Authors: Dyer L. 
Published: May 2006

In a preceding article (J.H.S. vol. xxv, pp. 294–319) the attempt was made to fix chronologically the order in which the Olympian ‘treasuries’ were founded, and conclusions were summarily presented in connexion with a general consideration of the origin and function of ‘treasuries’ at Olympia and elsewhere. Now it is necessary to test these conclusions by a detailed examination of the architectural remains found on the terrace at Olympia, and in so doing to pass in review the successively founded Olympian communal houses called treasuries, taking them in the order thus theoretically arrived at, i.e. XII, X, XI, VII, VI, V, IX, IV, II, III, and I.The Geloans' House, No. XII.—The foundations of this fabric were identified at the eastern verge of the terrace in 1877–78, in which year various parts of its superstructure came to light at the opposite corner of the Altis; but not till 1881–83 was this superstructure—entablature-stones of several kinds and fragments of terracotta (painted and unpainted) belonging to the treasury-chamber, as well as triglyphs, metopes, columns, and capitals belonging to the porch—completely recognised and convincingly distributed between the old treasury-chamber and the later porch.
Terracottas from Boeotia and Crete
Authors: Forster Edw. S. 
Published: May 2006

It is proposed in this paper to deal shortly with five terracottas in the possession of the writer, which seem of sufficient interest to be illustrated. The first three are from Boeotia, the last two from Crete.As is well known, the most primitive Greek standing figures in terracotta frequently take one of two forms—the columnar form, derived probably from the tree trunk, and the flat broad form (σανίς), taken apparently from the shape of a board of wood. These forms confirm the literary evidence that the most primitive statues were made of wood. The first three terracottas illustrate the latter type; in the second of them the boardlike form has been adapted by a singular device to a seated figure.
Instrumental Music in the Roman Age
Authors: Tillyard H. J. W. 
Published: May 2006

The cultivation of instrumental music remained in a backward state among the Greeks in the fifth and fourth centuries, B.C. This was certainly not due to any want of taste for music as a whole, for no race ever valued it higher than did the Greeks. The reasons seem to have been, first, the bondage of the instrument to the voice, second, the unsettled state of the musical scale, and thirdly, the dislike of the Greeks for over-elaboration in music.These three points are well illustrated in the Republic of Plato. In opening the discussion on the admissibility of certain modes, Socrates is made to say that a musical composition is made up of three things, the ‘words,’ the ‘harmony,’ and the ‘rhythm,’ and that the musical ‘words’ are in themselves in no way different from the words of common speech.
A History of the Pelasgian Theory
Authors: Myres J. L. 
Published: May 2006

Few peoples of the ancient world have given rise to so much controversy as the Pelasgians; and of few, after some centuries of discussion, is so little clearly established. Like the Phoenicians, the Celts, and of recent years the Teutons, they have been a peg upon which to hang all sorts of speculation; and whenever an inconvenient circumstance has deranged the symmetry of a theory, it has been safe to ‘call it Pelasgian and pass on.’One main reason for this ill-repute, into which the Pelasgian name has fallen, has been the very uncritical fashion in which the ancient statements about the Pelasgians have commonly been mishandled.
The Holkham Head and the Parthenon Pediment
Authors: Dickins Guy 
Published: May 2006

Before accepting Sir Charles Waldstein's amazing theory that the colossal female head at Holkham Hall belongs to the East Pediment of the Parthenon, we have the right to demand from him some evidence on the following points :—(1) That there is reason to connect the head with Athens and the Acropolis,(2) That the material is identical with the other pediment marbles,(3) That the style is Pheidian, or at any rate fifth-century Attic, and(4) That it is an architectural and not an independent piece of sculpture.
A Silver Dish from the Tyne
Authors: Gardner P. 
Published: May 2006

In the Journal of Roman Studies for last year Professor Haverfield gives an account of certain silver vessels of the late Roman age found on the banks of the Tyne, near Corbridge, in the eighteenth century. I wish to discuss in some detail one of these vessels, which has great importance for the history of late Greek art. This is the remarkable dish or lanx found in 1735 on the north bank of the Tyne, now belonging to the Duke of Northumberland, and kept at his castle of Alnwick.Other vessels of silver were found, not with it, but near the same spot: a two-handled cup, a bowl bearing the Christ monogram, a silver basin, a small silver vase. Professor Haverfield has figured these, so far as he could. That all these vases belonged together is probable though not certain. Only one of them bears a clear indication of date, the Christian monogram, in the form which it takes on coins of the Constantine period. This particular vessel one would naturally give to the time of Constantine, that is, to the earlier part of the fourth century. It does not follow that all the vessels are of this date: but as we shall see presently, it is a date not unsuitable for the dish which we are considering.
The Bazzichelli Psykter of Euthymides
Authors: Hoppin J. C. 
Published: May 2006

The number of vases which have disappeared in the last twenty years since they first were published is all too large, as a cursory glimpse of the pages of Klein's Meistersignaturen will show. Consequently it is a cause for gratification when from time to time one of their number is rediscovered and finds shelter within the confines of a good museum, its wanderings over. To this list we may add the psykter signed by Euthymides formerly in the collection of Signor Bazzichelli at Viterbo, which after being lost for several years is now in the Archaeological Museum in Turin (Fig. 1).The credit for its discovery belongs to Professor G. E. Rizzo of the University of Turin, who has with extreme generosity resigned his claims to publication in my favour, and to whom I am greatly indebted for the facts connected with its discovery as well as numerous technical details, a personal examination by me having proved impossible.
The Throne of Zeus at Olympia
Authors: Evelyn-White H. G. 
Published: May 2006

The title of this paper may appear too wide, since its main object is to establish, if possible, the position of the paintings by Panaenus; but discussion of this one point necessarily involves consideration of certain others —themselves far from unimportant—and thus a more comprehensive designation is needed. It need hardly be said that no theory of reconstruction of the Throne as a whole is here attempted.It may be convenient to state at the outset the evidence used, and to comment generally upon it. In the first place we have the literary evidence, the account by Pausanias: careful, detailed, and, in my opinion, the work of an eye-witness. Its great shortcoming is that it leaves undecided the relation of the parts and details to one another. Secondly, there is numismatic evidence, which is of high value.
Mursil and Myrtilos
Authors: Hall H. R. 
Published: May 2006

Seven years ago I wrote: ‘to claim the Pelopids as “Hittites” is really to appeal too much to the imagination as an aid to the writing of history.’ But it is dangerous to be too unimaginative.The name of Oinomaos' treacherous charioteer, whom Pelops afterwards cast into the Myrtoan sea, and to whom as the ταράξιππος Pelops thereafter made offering at his grave and cenotaph, was Myrtilos. The same word, in the form Myrsilos, was not uncommon as a personal name in Asia Minor. Herodotus mentions it as a name for Kandaules; and the tyrant of Mytilene is well known.The recent discoveries of Dr. Winckler at Boghaz Kyöi have revealed to us an archive of cuneiform tablets, consisting of letters, despatches, and royal decrees of the well-known Hittite kings of the fourteenth century B.C. whose names have hitherto been known to us, on the authority of their Egyptian transcriptions, as ‘Seplel’ or ‘Saparuru,’ ‘Maurasar,’ ‘Mautenro,’ and ‘Khetasar.’
Notes on the Imperial Persian Coinage
Authors: Hill G. F. 
Published: May 2006

The rulers of the Persian Empire, during whose reigns the Persian Imperial coinage was issued, were the following:—Dareios I., s. of Hystaspes ... ... ... ... 521-486Xerxes I., s. of Dareios I. ... ... ... ... 486-465Artaxerxes I. Makrocheir, s. of Xerxes I. ... ... 465-425Xerxes II., s. of Artaxerxes I. ... ... ... ... 425Ochos = Dareios II. Nothos, s. of Artaxerxes I. ... 424-405Arsakas = Artaxerxes II. Mnemon, s. of Dareios II. ... 405-359Cyrus the Younger, s. of Dareios II. ... ... ... 401Ochos = Artaxerxes III., s. of Artaxerxes II. ... ... 359-338Arses, s. of Artaxerxes III. ... ... ... ... 338-337Kodomannos = Dareios III., s. of Arsanes, s. of Artostes or Ostahes, s. of Dareios II. ... ... ... ... 337-330The Persian Imperial coinage consisted of gold coins, generally known to the Greeks as Darics (Δαρϵικοὶ στατῆρϵς), with smaller denominations, and silver coins, generally known as sigloi (σίγλοι, σίκλοι, σίκλα, the same word as Hebrew shekel), which also had smaller denominations. The word Δαρϵικός was sometimes also used by the Greeks of the silver coins. The Persian name for the gold coins is not known; there can be little doubt that the word Δαρϵικός is ‘a pure Greek formation from the Greek form of the Persian name Darayavaush; just as “fanciful” is a pure English formation from the English form “fancy” of the Greek ϕαντασία.’
Postscript to Paper on Diadumenus Head
Authors: Gardner P. 
Published: May 2006

Since finishing this paper I have observed a serious omission in it. I have not given any exact reproduction of the pattern on the headband produced by the inlaying of silver. This defect I now remedy. Mr. E. H. New has made for me a careful drawing from the original, in natural size.The pattern is of a familiar type, the alternate lotus and bud: but it is a very interesting variety, to which I have not found any exact parallel. The form, indeed, is much more like a palmette than a lotus. The base from which the leaves spring is boat-shaped, not oblong, and there seems to be in the drawing some attempt at perspective. We know, in fact, that the principles of perspective were applied, not to landscape but to architecture, as early as the middle of the fifth century. On the central leaf of one palmette there are traces of a pattern.
Notes on the Persae of Aeschylus
Authors: Gow A. S. F. 
Published: May 2006

As some of the following notes bring to the illustration of Aeschylus material gathered from Persian sources, they may seem to require a word or two of preface.When the Persae was produced, in 472 B.C., a large section of the Greek people was still in process of delivery from Persian rule, to which it had been subject for more than half a century. Persians may not have been very numerous on the Ionian seaboard and the islands, but they were the ruling class, and any eastern Greek would know quite well how they lived and how they behaved; some too had been privileged to study them at close quarters, for the Ionian ships in Xerxes' fleet carried as ἐπιβάται, Persians or Medes or Sacae (Her. 7. 184). In Athens itself, for many years before Plataea, Persia had been a subject of the most painful and pressing interest: every Athenian must have desired to know all about these Persians; and if he had no Ionian friends to ask, there were many of his countrymen who had visited Asia or even helped to sack Sardis, and the spoils of Marathon were before his eyes. After Plataea, if the desire to know was less pressing, the opportunity of knowledge was even greater, for Athenian fleets were busy in the work of liberation. And the very production of this play proves that the interest was alive.
The Crypto-Christians of Trebizond
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: May 2006

While the number of crypto-Christians among the heterodox tribes of Asia Minor has probably been considerably exaggerated, it cannot be denied that crypto-Christians exist or that cases of forced conversion affecting large sections of the population can be cited. But under the Ottoman Turks at least there is very little historical evidence for conversion on a large scale in Asia Minor.Exceptionally in the district of Trebizond we have both a credible legend of conversion and an existent population, outwardly Mahommedan, which seems in some cases to retain something from the more ancient faith and in others to practise it in secret. Of the first category may be cited certain villages in the district of Rizeh, which, though Mahommedan by profession, preserve some memories of the rite of baptism and speak, not Turkish, but Armenian.Crypto-Christians proper, belonging to the Greek rite and Greek by speech, also existed till recent years in the neighbourhood of Trebizond: they were known generally as ‘Stavriotae,’ from a village Stavra in the ecclesiastical district of Gumush-khane. They are said at one time to have numbered 20,000 in the vilayets of Sivas, Angora, and Trebizond: now all have returned to the open profession of their faith.
A Female Head of the Bologna Type
Authors: Gardner P. 
Published: May 2006

This head was purchased for the Ashmolean Museum in 1920. It had belonged to the late Lord Downe, who bought it, probably at Rome, about 1800. It remained in his possession at Cowick Hall in Yorkshire until his death, when his widow removed it to her house in London. Since that, it has been in the hands of members of the family.Only the nose is restored, but the face has been somewhat worked over, as is evident from its smoothness in comparison with the hair. Just in front of the left ear there is a trace of a curl in relief, which has been almost obliterated; and as there is a curl in the corresponding place on the Bologna head, to be presently cited, this would seem to show some rubbing down. The eyes also seem to have had some of their expression eliminated by over-working. On the other hand, there are several places on the face and ears where the surface has been only slightly abraded, and the grain of the marble shows clearly. It appears to be Pentelic, with small crystals showing here and there.