bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of occupational therapy journals of WFOT member countries: a descriptive survey
Authors: Brown G. Ted 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThere are many occupational therapy journals being published internationally, but little information is available about their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to gather relevant information about these journals. Examined are the journals' characteristics, the audiences they serve, the review process they use, the staff they employ, and the types of articles they publish. The study design was a descriptive survey format using an adapted version of the Survey of Editors Regarding Publishing Practices. Questionnaires were mailed to all the national occupational therapy associations that were members of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (n=44) in September 1992. The response rate was 86.4% (n=38).The survey results indicated that a typical occupational therapy journal was published six times a year, with 84% of it being text and 15% of it being advertising. In terms of submission of manuscripts, the preferred average length was 14 pages using American Psychological Association format specifications. Respondents indicated that, on average, occupational therapy journals received 33 manuscripts a year for review, 20 of those being accepted for publication with minor revision, five needing major revision and eight being rejected. Most occupational therapy journals indicated that they were peer‐reviewed/refereed publications. The most frequently cited reasons for rejecting manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication were: (1) content inaccurate; (2) content not important/significant; (3) poorly developed ideas; (4) methodology problems; (5) data interpretation problems; or (6) a poorly written manuscript. Most manuscripts published in occupational therapy journals have a clinical focus in the area of physical medicine or mental health. Results of the survey study are discussed and recommendations for future research are made. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A study to determine the minimum volume of blood necessary to be discarded from a central venous catheter before a valid sample is obtained in children with cancer
Authors: Cole M. , Price L. , Parry A. , Picton S. , Waters F. , Marshall S. , Goran C. , Parnham A. , Wastell H. , Reid M.M. , Pearson A.D.J. , Boddy A.V. , Veal G.J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the minimum volume of blood that should be discarded from a range of different types of central venous catheter (CVC), such that the subsequent blood sample was not diluted or contaminated by the residual intra‐luminal fluid.ProcedureSeventy children aged 1–19 years with central venous access inserted as part of their standard clinical treatment were recruited to this prospective study. Statistical comparison of the extent of variation in biochemical and haematological parameters observed between two blood samples taken following routine 5 ml discard blood volumes, as compared to the extent of variation between samples drawn following a 5 ml discard volume and <5 ml volumes, was carried out.ResultsData indicate that the measurement error in a clinical sample obtained following a 3 ml discard volume is no different to the measurement error obtained when using a standard 5 ml discard volume. Comparable results were obtained from patients with various different types of CVC or portacath access.ConclusionsThe withdrawal of a 3 ml discard volume is sufficient to ensure that the subsequent blood sample is not diluted or contaminated by residual intra‐luminal fluid. This may have a significant clinical impact in paediatric oncology, where patients frequently require blood transfusions due to the haematological toxicities associated with chemotherapy. It is hoped that these results will impact on hospital policies concerning specified discard volumes taken from CVCs prior to the withdrawal of blood samples for research purposes and routine clinical analysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:687–695. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanics of collisional motion of granular materials. Part 4. Expansion wave
Authors: Goldshtein A. , Shapiro M. , Gutfinger C. 
Published: May 2006

The problem of expansion into a vacuum of a semi-infinite layer composed of chaotically moving inelastic rough spherical particles is solved analytically. A variant of the matched asymptotic expansion scheme is used to obtain a matched composite solution, which is valid for both small and large times in the wave head, wave tail and intermediate domains of the disturbed part of the layer.The effects of granular initial energy and particle collisonal properties on their hydrodynamic velocity, temperature, density and pressure are studied in the limit of low initial density of the granular gas. The total granular mass, M, within the disturbed region was found to change with time as log t. This is in contrast with the comparable classical result M ∼ t obtained for conservative (molecular) gases. This logarithmic dependence stems from the influence of kinetic energy losses, which reduce the granular temperature and speed of sound in the wave head region.The ultimate escape energy and momentum (i.e. those achieved for long times by the expanding part of the layer) are shown to be finite quantities, dependent on the particle restitution coefficient, roughness and the initial granular temperature. The estimated mass of the escaping part of the layer, calculated here for dilute gases, serves as an upper bound on this quantity for all (also dense) comparable granular gases. This mass is determined by the collisional losses, as embodied within the particle restitution and roughness coefficients.
Bone-anchored hearing aids: results of the first eight years of a programme in a district general hospital, assessed by the Glasgow benefit inventory
Authors: Gillett D , Fairley J W , Chandrashaker T S , Bean A , Gonzalez J 
Published: May 2006

Objectives: To report the clinical results of a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) programme in a district general hospital, compared with those in an established, large, university teaching hospital centre.Design: A retrospective postal questionnaire sent to BAHA patients, with two month waiting time and one reminder, combined with case note analysis. Results compared by appropriate statistical tests with published outcomes data from the largest UK series.Setting: Public sector (National Health Service) district general hospital, England. Catchment population: 300 000 (mixed rural and small towns).Participants: Case note analysis of sixty-three patients implanted between 1994 and 2003 (age range, six to 88 years). The commonest indication was chronic otitis media, with inability to wear a conventional hearing aid. Otitis externa, otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss were other indications. The questionnaire was sent to 59 patients who had worn their aid for at least six months; it was returned by 41 (69 per cent).Main outcome measures: Glasgow benefit inventory (GBI, change in health status following otolaryngological intervention); incidence of complications.Results: Bone-anchored hearing aid implantation significantly improved quality of life as measured by the GBI (p < 0.001). The degree of improvement was similar to that achieved in Birmingham by Proops et al. (p > 0.05, chi-squared test). Minor temporary skin infection was common (33 per cent). Thickening of the skin around the implant occurred in 17 per cent. One implant (2 per cent) failed. There were no serious complications.Conclusion: The BAHA is a safe, reliable and effective treatment for selected patients. A successful BAHA programme can be run in a district general hospital.
Protein SRP68 of human signal recognition particle: Identification of the RNA and SRP72 binding domains
Authors: Iakhiaeva Elena , Bhuiyan Shakhawat Hossain , Yin Jiaming , Zwieb Christian 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe signal recognition particle (SRP) plays an important role in the delivery of secretory proteins to cellular membranes. Mammalian SRP is composed of six polypeptides among which SRP68 and SRP72 form a heterodimer that has been notoriously difficult to investigate. Human SRP68 was purified from overexpressing Escherichia coli cells and was found to bind to recombinant SRP72 as well as in vitro‐transcribed human SRP RNA. Polypeptide fragments covering essentially the entire SRP68 molecule were generated recombinantly or by proteolytic digestion. The RNA binding domain of SRP68 included residues from positions 52 to 252. Ninety‐four amino acids near the C terminus of SRP68 mediated the binding to SRP72. The SRP68–SRP72 interaction remained stable at elevated salt concentrations and engaged ∼150 amino acids from the N‐terminal region of SRP72. This portion of SRP72 was located within a predicted tandem array of four tetratricopeptide (TPR)‐like motifs suggested to form a superhelical structure with a groove to accommodate the C‐terminal region of SRP68.
Cross‐sectional comparison of physical activity and inactivity patterns in Chinese and Filipino youth
Authors: Tudor‐Locke C. , Ainsworth B. E. , Adair L. S. , Du S. , Lee N. , Popkin B. M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  To compare and contrast youth physical activity (PA) and inactivity patterns in two developing Asian countries: the Philippines and China.Methods  Comparative analysis of 1997–1999 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey and the 1997 China Health and Nutrition Survey, large‐scale surveys that included questions on type, frequency and duration of: commuting mode to school, sports/exercise in and outside of school, select sedentary activities and chores.Results  Filipino data included 760 males and 872 females aged 14–16 years. The comparable Chinese sample consisted of 202 males and 197 females. Active commuting is proportionately high in both countries (70–71% in the Philippines vs. 77–90% in China), although commuting by bicycling is rare in the Philippines (<1%) vs. China (≈35%). Patterns of school sport/exercise participation differ between countries by gender; more Filipino males report school sport/exercise than females (63 vs. 49%) vs. China, where more females participate than males (75 vs. 69%). Sport/exercise outside of school is proportionately low (6–12%) for youth from both countries with a single exception: 74% of Filipino males participate in extra‐curricular sport/exercise. Although a higher percentage of Filipino youth report watching television >4 h/day (<10%) vs. Chinese youth (<1%), both are lower than comparable US reports.Conclusion  In the Philippines, continued modernization augurs a decrease in local primary PA sources (chores and active commuting). In China, where youth already are not expected to perform chores, shifts to more passive commuting modes (i.e. increased motorized transportation) are anticipated.
Sure Start graduates: predictors of attainment on starting school
Authors: Schneider J. , Ramsay A. , Lowerson S. A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  We report the analysis of the services used and the outcomes for children who used four Sure Start programmes prior to starting school in 2003.Methods  A cohort study compared the intervention group both to classmates who lived in the areas covered by Sure Start but did not access it, and to a random sample of children in the same Local Education Authority who did not have access because they lived outside these areas. The impact of service use variables on various outcomes for users was explored using multiple linear regression analysis.Results  No differences were found in school attainment between users and non‐users on average. However, in one of the four areas, users’ outcomes were consistently worse. By contrast, in one area, they appeared to be marginally superior on non‐academic developmental scores. When we controlled for between‐area differences, we also found an association between high use of Sure Start and personal and social development scores.Implications  Much of the variation in outcomes remains to be explained. Tentative findings suggest stronger associations between Sure Start use and better non‐academic developmental outcomes. These findings add to our understanding of the impact of focused, high‐quality pre‐school provision. Methodological issues raised include rater bias, recruitment bias and a need to measure both frequency and type of service use.
The underpinnings of land‐use history: three centuries of global gridded land‐use transitions, wood‐harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands
Authors: HURTT G. C. , FROLKING S. , FEARON M. G. , MOORE B. , SHEVLIAKOVA E. , MALYSHEV S. , PACALA S. W. , HOUGHTON R. A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo accurately assess the impacts of human land use on the Earth system, information is needed on the current and historical patterns of land‐use activities. Previous global studies have focused on developing reconstructions of the spatial patterns of agriculture. Here, we provide the first global gridded estimates of the underlying land conversions (land‐use transitions), wood harvesting, and resulting secondary lands annually, for the period 1700–2000. Using data‐based historical cases, our results suggest that 42–68% of the land surface was impacted by land‐use activities (crop, pasture, wood harvest) during this period, some multiple times. Secondary land area increased 10–44 × 106 km2; about half of this was forested. Wood harvest and shifting cultivation generated 70–90% of the secondary land by 2000; permanent abandonment and relocation of agricultural land accounted for the rest. This study provides important new estimates of globally gridded land‐use activities for studies attempting to assess the consequences of anthropogenic changes to the Earth's surface over time.
Multiscale model intercomparisons of CO2and H2O exchange rates in a maturing southeastern US pine forest
Authors: SIQUEIRA M. B. , KATUL G. G. , SAMPSON D. A. , STOY P. C. , JUANG J.‐Y. , MCCARTHY H. R. , OREN R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe compared four existing process‐based stand‐level models of varying complexity (physiological principles in predicting growth, photosynthesis and evapotranspiration, biogeochemical cycles, and stand to ecosystem carbon and evapotranspiration simulator) and a new nested model with 4 years of eddy‐covariance‐measured water vapor (LE) and CO2(Fc) fluxes at a maturing loblolly pine forest. The nested model resolves the ‘fast’ CO2and H2O exchange processes using canopy turbulence theories and radiative transfer principles whereas slowly evolving processes were resolved using standard carbon allocation methods modified to improve leaf phenology. This model captured most of the intraannual variations in leaf area index (LAI), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), andLEfor this stand in which maximumLAIwas not at a steady state. The model comparisons suggest strong linkages between carbon production and LAI variability, especially at seasonal time scales. This linkage necessitates the use of multilayer models to reproduce the seasonal dynamics ofLAI,NEE, andLE. However, our findings suggest that increasing model complexity, often justified for resolving faster processes, does not necessarily translate into improved predictive skills at all time scales. Additionally, none of the models tested here adequately captured drought effects on water and CO2fluxes. Furthermore, the good performance of some models in capturing flux variability on interannual time scales appears to stem from erroneous LAI dynamics and from sensitivity to droughts that injects unrealistic flux variability at longer time scales.
Winter climate affects subsequent breeding success of common eiders
Authors: LEHIKOINEN A. , KILPI M. , ÖST M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe phenology of spring migration depends on the severity of the preceding winter and approaching spring. This severity can be quantified using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index; positive values indicate mild winters. Although milder winters are correlated with earlier migration in many birds in temperate regions, few studies have addressed how climate‐induced variation in spring arrival relates to breeding success. In northern Europe, the NAO‐index correlates with ice cover and timing of ice break‐up of the Baltic Sea. Ice cover plays an important role for breeding waterfowl, since the timing of ice break‐up constrains both spring arrival and onset of breeding. We studied the effects of the winter‐NAO‐index and timing of ice break‐up on spring migration, laying date, clutch size, female body condition at hatching and fledging success of a short‐distance migrant common eider (Somateria mollissima) population from SW Finland, the Baltic Sea, 1991–2004 (migration data 1979–2004). We also examined the correlation between the NAO‐index and the proportion of juvenile eiders in the Danish hunting bag, which reflects the breeding success on a larger spatial scale. The body condition of breeding females and proportion of juveniles in the hunting bag showed significant positive correlations with the NAO, whereas arrival dates showed positive correlations and clutch size and fledging success showed negative correlations with the timing of ice break‐up. The results suggest that climate, which also affects ice conditions, has an important effect on the fledging success of eiders. Outbreaks of duckling disease epidemics may be the primary mechanism underlying this effect. Eider females are in poorer condition after severe winters and cannot allocate as much resources to breeding, which may impair the immune defense of ducklings. Global climate warming is expected to increase the future breeding success of eiders in our study population.
Biodegradable porous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds for the three‐dimensional culture of dental pulp cells
Authors: Wang F.‐M. , Qiu K. , Hu T. , Wan C.‐X. , Zhou X.‐D. , Gutmann J. L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim  To develop a three‐dimensional culture model of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) with biodegradable porous calcium polyphosphate (CPP) scaffolds.Methodology  Human DPCs were isolated from three donors. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CPP compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). Values were analysed using unpaired t‐tests. Cells were seeded onto porous CPP scaffolds with pore sizes in the range of 200–300 μm. The nature of cellular adaptation in the three‐dimensional culture model was then evaluated visually by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The apoptotic property of cells on the scaffolds was also assessed by DNA staining with CLSM.Results  The cytotoxicity assay indicated that there was no significant difference between CPP and HA for each donor's original cells (P > 0.05). Calcium polyphosphate had no cytotoxic effect on DPCs, whilst SEMs showed that cells successfully adhered to CPP scaffolds and spread amongst pores. On the cell surface, fine processes and matrix secretory granules were found. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that cells took on a three‐dimensional structure with signs of vitality.Conclusion  Porous CPP scaffolds are promising for the establishment of a three‐dimensional culture model of DPCs.
Formation of a hard tissue barrier after pulp cappings in humans. A systematic review
Authors: Olsson H. , Petersson K. , Rohlin M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim  To evaluate the evidence on the formation of a hard tissue barrier after pulp capping in humans.Methodology  A PubMed and CENTRAL literature search with specific indexing terms and a hand search were made. The authors assessed the level of evidence of each publication as high, moderate or low. Based on this, the evidence grade of the conclusions was rated as strong, moderately strong, limited or insufficient.Results  The initial search process resulted in a total of 171 publications. After reading the abstracts and hand searching the reference lists of the retrieved publications, 107 studies were retrieved in full‐text and interpreted. After the interpretation, 21 studies remained and were included in the systematic review and given a level of evidence. No study had a high level of evidence, one study had moderate and 20 studies had a low level of evidence. There was heterogeneity between the studies; therefore, no meta‐analysis was performed. The majority of studies on pulp capping using calcium hydroxide based materials reported formation of hard tissue bridging, studies on other pulp capping materials such as bonding agents presented inferior results. The evidence grade was insufficient.Conclusions  Insufficient evidence grade does not necessarily imply that there is no effect of a pulp capping procedure or that it should not be used. Rather, the insufficient evidence underpins the need for high‐quality studies.
Long‐term assessment of the seal provided by root‐end filling materials in large cavities through capillary flow porometry
Authors: De Bruyne M. A. A. , De Bruyne R. J. E. , De Moor R. J. G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim  To evaluate the long‐term sealing ability of a variety of materials when used as root‐end fillings.Methodology  A total of 140 standardized horizontal bovine root sections (external diameter: 7 mm, height: 3 mm; internal diameter: 2.5 mm) were divided into seven groups, filled with either gutta‐percha with AH26, Ketac Fil, Fuji IX, Tooth‐Colored MTA, IRM, Ketac Fil with conditioner or Fuji IX with conditioner and submitted to capillary flow porometry at 1 and 6 months to assess minimum, mean flow and maximum pore diameters. Results of the different materials and results by material were analysed statistically using non‐parametric tests; the level of significance was set at 0.05.Results  There were no significant differences between the minimum pore diameters associated with the materials at each time. At 1 month the mean flow pore diameters of Ketac Fil were significantly larger than those of gutta‐percha, Ketac Fil with conditioner, Fuji IX with conditioner and IRM. There were significant differences between the maximum pore diameters at 1 month (all > IRM; Fuji IX > gutta‐percha, Ketac Fil with conditioner, Fuji IX with conditioner) and 6 months (Fuji IX > gutta‐percha, IRM; Ketac Fil > gutta‐percha, IRM). There were significant differences in the minimum pore diameters between the different points in time for each material except IRM, in the mean flow pore diameters for each material and in the maximum pore diameters for each material except MTA.Conclusions  All materials were associated with capillary flow. IRM root‐end fillings had through pores that were smaller than those associated with other materials. Conventionally setting glass–ionomer cements had the largest pores, although dentine conditioning improved their performance. The seal of all materials improved after 6 months.