bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to isolate human limbal basal cells enriched for a subset of epithelial cells with a large nucleus/cytoplasm ratio expressing high levels of p63
Authors: Arpitha Parthasarathy , Prajna Namperumalsamy V. , Srinivasan Muthiah , Muthukkaruppan Veerappan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe objectives were to develop method of isolating viable human limbal basal cells in order to enrich a subset of small cells with a large Nucleus/Cytoplasm (N/C) ratio expressing high levels of p63, nuclear protein. Limbal tissues were treated with trypsin for 50 min at 37°C in an orbital shaker at 100 rpm with epithelial side down followed by additional 5 min with epithelial side up and then with Dispase II to obtain various epithelial fractions. Isolated cell fractions were assessed for colony forming efficiency and ΔNp63α, connexin (Cx43) mRNA levels. Cytospin smears were double‐immunostained for p63 and any one of the stem cell (SC) related markers and analyzed using a laser scanning confocal microscope and advanced image analysis software (Leica Confocal software, 2.61 build 1537 version) for quantification of fluorescence intensity. The isolated limbal basal cells were highly positive for ΔNp63α mRNA but expressing low Cx43 mRNA. They gave rise to higher number of large colonies with compact morphology in contrast to the limbal suprabasal/superficial (LS/S) colonies. Furthermore, a subset with a large N/C ratio expressing high levels of p63 was observed, as much as 25% among the limbal basal cell fraction, in contrast to only about 4% in the total limbal epithelial cells. Such cells were positive for K5 and negative for Ki67, Cx43, and 14‐3‐3s and were absent in the LS/S fraction. These results collectively substantiate our method of isolation of limbal basal layer cells containing an enriched population of cells with SC phenotype. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative sea‐level change and postglacial isostatic adjustment along the coast of south Devon, United Kingdom
Authors: Massey Anthony C. , Gehrels W. Roland , Charman Dan J. , Milne Glenn A. , Peltier W. Richard , Lambeck Kurt , Selby Katherine A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPrevious sea‐level studies suggest that southwest Britain has the fastest subsiding coastline in the United Kingdom, but tide‐gauge data, GPS and gravity measurements and geophysical models show little evidence of anomalous subsidence in this region. In this paper we present 15 new sea‐level index points from four coastal barrier systems in south Devon. Eight are from compaction‐free basal sediments and others were corrected for autocompaction. Our data suggest that relative sea level along the south Devon coastline has risen by 21 ± 4 m during the past 9000 years. Sea‐level rise slowed during the middle and late Holocene and a rise of 8 ± 1 m has occurred since ca. 7000 cal. yr BP. Anomalous ages for many rejected points are attributed to sediment reworking during barrier transgression. The relative sea‐level history during the early and middle Holocene shows a good fit with geophysical model predictions, but the geological and modelled data diverge in the later Holocene. Unlike the geophysical models, sea‐level index points cannot differentiate between late Holocene relative sea‐level histories of south Devon and southwest Cornwall. It is suggested that this discrepancy can be resolved by obtaining additional high‐quality sea‐level index points covering the past 4000 years. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of 1‐MCP applied postharvest on epicuticular wax of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during storage
Authors: Curry Eric 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Certain apple cultivars develop a greasy feel when overripe. Treating fruits with the ripening inhibitor 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP, SmartFresh™) reduces fruit greasiness. This study examines the nature of this phenomenon. ‘Royal Gala’ apples were treated with 1‐MCP at 1.0 µl L−1 following harvest. Periodically, during storage at − 1 °C for up to 6 months, fruits were evaluated for internal ethylene concentration, fruit epicuticular wax morphology (using scanning electron microscopy) and non‐polar organic solvent‐extractable (NPOSE) wax constituents of the cuticle (using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry).RESULTS: In 2004, 1‐MCP strongly inhibited internal ethylene production; however, total weight of NPOSE wax during storage was unaffected by treatment. In 2005, several wax constituents present in both ‘Autumn Gold’ and ‘Royal Gala’ showed differences during storage. In 2006, cuticular wax constituents comprising 80% of the total from ‘Royal Gala’ showed no treatment differences. Although several minor constituents did exhibit differences within treatment and sampling date, these did not appear sufficient to cause the subtle differences in surface wax morphology.CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP strongly inhibited ethylene production and delayed development of certain wax constituents thought responsible for fruit greasiness during cold storage. Subtle differences in surface wax morphology appeared unrelated to wax production. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase HPLC method for quantitative determination of ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, F2, and compound K during the process of biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Jiyang , Li Xinwei , Yan Qin , Zhou Pei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA simple and rapid gradient RP‐HPLC method for simultaneous separation and determination of related ginsenosides during the process of biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 has been developed. As many as four process ginsenosides have been separated and identified on an Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution using water and ACN as a mobile phase. The column was maintained at 30°C and the eluents were monitored with diode array detection at 203 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. The correlation coefficients (r) for calibration curves of ginsenosides were in the range of 0.9996–1.0000. The proposed RP‐HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of fermentation broth and the recoveries of ginsenosides were in the range of 94.4–103.1% with RSD <2.87%. The method could be of use for rapid and routine evaluation of the quantity of ginsenosides during the biotransformation process of ginsenoside Rb1.
A model of wine tourist behaviour: a festival approach
Authors: Yuan Jingxue (Jessica) , Morrison Alastair M. , Cai Liping A. , Linton Sally 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe study constructs a temporal model of wine tourist behaviour on the basis of the social psychologist' theory of consumer attitudes and related concepts with regard to past behaviour, satisfaction, perceived value and behavioural intentions. More importantly, this study added two dimensions to this model by proposing that satisfaction and perceived value had an impact on the attendees' intentions (i) to visit a local winery and (ii) to buy local wine products. Using a path analysis approach and data collected from the attendees at a regional wine festival, the study examined the above relationships. The results of this path analysis can be summarised as: (i) past behaviour influenced the intention to revisit and the level of perceived value, but had no effect on the level of satisfaction; (ii) perceived value strongly affected the level of satisfaction; (iii) satisfaction had a strong impact on future intentions to revisit and also an effect on intentions to visit local wineries and to buy local wine products; and (iv) perceived value affected the intentions to revisit the festival and to visit local wineries but did not influence the intentions to buy local wines. It is believed that the results of the present study will be useful to organisers of wine festivals and/or wine tourism developers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR assignments of three nitrogen containing compounds from the mangrove endophytic fungus (ZZF08)
Authors: Tao Yiwen , Zeng Xianjian , Mou Chengbo , Li Jun , Cai Xiaoling , She Zhigang , Zhou Shining , Lin Yongcheng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new natural product, named phomopsin A, 1‐(meta‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐isoquinolone (1), together with two known compounds cytochalasin H (2) and glucosylceramide (3), was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. (ZZF08) obtained from the South China Sea coast. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including COSY, HMQC, and HMBC. According to NMR and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, it was found that some assignments about 1H and 13C NMR data for cytochalasin H (2) were probably uncorrected in the previous reports. In our cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity toward KB cells with IC50 at 28.0 µg ml−1 and KBv200 cells with IC50 at 16.8 µg ml−1, and compound 2 exhibited strong cytotoxicity toward KB cells and KBv200 cells with IC50 less than 1.25 µg ml−1. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micromechanical aspects of the shear strength of wet granular soils
Authors: El Shamy U. , Gröger T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a micromechanical model for the analysis of wet granular soils at low saturation (below 30%). The discrete element method is employed to model the solid particles. The capillary water is assumed to be in a pendular state and thus exists in the form of liquid bridges at the particle‐to‐particle contacts. The resulting inter‐particle adhesion is accounted for using the toroidal approximation of the bridge. Hydraulic hysteresis is accounted for based on the possible mechanism of the formation and breakage of the liquid bridges during wetting and drying phases. Shear test computational simulations were conducted at different water contents under relatively low net normal stresses. The results of these simulations suggest that capillary‐induced attractive forces and hydraulic hysteresis play an important role in affecting the shear strength of the soil. These attractive forces produce a tensile stress that contributes to the apparent cohesion of the soil and increases its stiffness. During a drying phase, capillary‐induced tensile stresses, and hence shear strength, tend to be larger than those during a wetting phase. The proposed model appears to capture the macroscopic response of wet granular materials and revealed a number of salient micromechanical mechanisms and response patterns consistent with theoretical considerations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reformulation and sampling to solve a stochastic network interdiction problem
Authors: Janjarassuk Udom , Linderoth Jeff 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe network interdiction problem involves interrupting an adversary's ability to maximize flow through a capacitated network by destroying portions of the network. A budget constraint limits the amount of the network that can be destroyed. In this article, we study a stochastic version of the network interdiction problem in which the successful destruction of an arc of the network is a Bernoulli random variable, and the objective is to minimize the maximum expected flow of the adversary. Using duality and linearization techniques, an equivalent deterministic mixed integer program is formulated. The structure of the reformulation allows for the application of decomposition techniques for its solution. Using a parallel algorithm designed to run on a distributed computing platform known as a computational grid, we give computational results showing the efficacy of a sampling‐based approach to solve the problem. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Competitive algorithms and lower bounds for online randomized call control in cellular networks
Authors: Caragiannis Ioannis , Kaklamanis Christos , Papaioannou Evi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe address an important communication issue arising in wireless cellular networks that utilize frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology. In such networks, many users within the same geographical region (cell) can communicate simultaneously with other users of the network using distinct frequencies. The spectrum of the available frequencies is limited; thus, efficient solutions to the call control problem are essential. The objective of the call control problem is, given a spectrum of available frequencies and users that wish to communicate, to maximize the benefit, i.e., the number of users that communicate without signal interference. We consider cellular networks of reuse distance k ≥ 2 and we study the online version of the problem using competitive analysis. In cellular networks of reuse distance 2, the previously best known algorithm that beats the lower bound of 3 on the competitiveness of deterministic algorithms, works on networks with one frequency, achieves a competitive ratio against oblivious adversaries, which is between 2.469 and 2.651, and uses a number of random bits at least proportional to the size of the network. We significantly improve this result by presenting a series of simple randomized algorithms that have competitive ratios significantly smaller than 3, work on networks with arbitrarily many frequencies, and use only a constant number of random bits or a comparable weak random source. The best competitiveness upper bound we obtain is 16/7 using only four random bits. In cellular networks of reuse distance k> 2, we present simple randomized online call control algorithms with competitive ratios, which significantly beat the lower bounds on the competitiveness of deterministic ones and use only O(log k) random bits. Also, we show new lower bounds on the competitiveness of online call control algorithms in cellular networks of any reuse distance. In particular, we show that no online algorithm can achieve competitive ratio better than 2, 25/12, and 2.5, in cellular networks with reuse distance k ε {2, 3, 4}, k = 5, and k ≥ 6, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Higher‐order beam analysis of box beams connected at angled joints subject to out‐of‐plane bending and torsion
Authors: Jang Gang‐Won , Kim Kyung Joo , Kim Yoon Young 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe difficulty in the analysis of thin‐walled beams by a beam theory comes from slowly decaying end effects associated with warping and distortion. However, a beam theory without considering such effects yields inaccurate solutions especially near beam ends. Numerical analysis using a higher‐order beam theory capable of representing such effects is now available, but the analysis of a series of box beams connected by angled joints still remains an unsolved problem because of the lack of a matching condition at the joint. The objectives of this investigation are to develop a field‐variable‐matching technique at an angled joint through a higher‐order beam theory and to implement it in the finite element formulation. Thin‐walled box beams in consideration are assumed to be subject to out‐of‐plane bending and torsion. Thus, the minimization of three‐dimensional displacement mismatch is used to relate the field variables at a joint intersection. The minimization condition turns out to represent coupling effects of different deformation kinematics such as torsion, bending, distortion and warping. Point‐wise displacement matching is not possible with a higher‐order beam theory. The validity of the proposed technique was verified by a finite element analysis using two‐node higher‐order beam elements applied to some benchmark problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new stabilized finite element method for reaction–diffusion problems: The source‐stabilized Petrov–Galerkin method
Authors: Ilinca F. , Hétu J.‐F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a new stabilized finite element method to solve singular diffusion problems described by the modified Helmholtz operator. The Galerkin method is known to produce spurious oscillations for low diffusion and various alternatives were proposed to improve the accuracy of the solution. The mostly used methods are the well‐known Galerkin least squares and Galerkin gradient least squares (GGLS). The GGLS method yields the exact nodal solution in the one‐dimensional case and for a uniform mesh. However, the behavior of the method deteriorates slightly in the multi‐dimensional case and for non‐uniform meshes. In this work we propose a new stabilized finite element method that leads to improved accuracy for multi‐dimensional problems. For the one‐dimensional case, the new method leads to the same results as the GGLS method and hence provides exact nodal solutions to the problem on uniform meshes. The proposed method is a Galerkin discretization used to solve a modified equation that includes a term depending on the gradient of the original partial differential equation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced occurrence of childhood cancer in twins compared to singletons: Protection but by what mechanism?
Authors: Murphy M.F.G. , Bunch K.J. , Chen B. , Hemminki K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundSeveral small studies combined have suggested that twins develop fewer childhood cancers than singletons. The national Swedish Family‐Cancer Database contains information on a large population of multiple births providing an unbiased dataset for the estimation of cancer risk in twins. Lifelong cancer incidence in these twins has already been reported as similar to that in singleton births. In contrast, the present paper presents robust estimates of a significantly reduced childhood cancer risk in twins to age 15.MethodsStandardised incidence ratios (SIR) were used to measure cancer risk for twins, taking the corresponding rates for singletons as reference. Rates were adjusted for age, sex, period of birth, and residential area. Follow up data cover the period 1958–2002.ResultsOverall childhood cancer risk was significantly reduced in all twins (SIR 0.81 [95% CI: 0.69–0.94]) as was the risk for Wilms tumour (SIR 0.34 [95% CI: 0.09–0.88]). These significant reductions in risk were both driven by effects in same sex twins (overall cancer SIR 0.77 [95% CI: 0.64–0.93], Wilms tumour 0.12 [95% CI: 0.00–0.71]). Leukaemia risk was also significantly reduced for same sex twins (SIR 0.69 [95% CI: 0.47–0.97]).ConclusionsOur study provides the evidence that twins experience less childhood cancer than singletons. The risk reduction is most marked for Wilms tumour but may, to a varying extent, be true for a number of childhood neoplasms. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:62–65. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved survival for children with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma: Results from the AIEOP soft tissue sarcoma committee
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , De Rossi Costanza , Gamboa Yéssika , Sotti Guido , Ferrari Andrea , Dallorso Sandro , Donfrancesco Alberto , Cecchetto Giovanni , Calderone Milena , Gandola Lorenza , Rosolen Angelo , Carli Modesto 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundParameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (PM‐RMS) is a rare, highly malignant pediatric tumor arising from locations adjacent to the meninges, from where it can spread intracranially.ProcedureWe reviewed 109 children with non‐metastatic PM‐RMS enrolled in the Italian RMS79, RMS88 and RMS96 protocols over a 24‐year period. All patients received intensive chemotherapy and standard or hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy. Some had delayed surgery.ResultsFive‐year overall survival rose from 40% in the RMS79 to 72% in the RMS88 and RMS96 protocols (P = 0.01), where more intensive chemotherapy and hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) was used. Delayed surgery after initial treatment was statistically associated with a better prognosis. Unfavorable tumor characteristics for RMS arising in other sites, for example, histology, invasiveness or node involvement, did not predict outcome for PM‐RMS.ConclusionOutcome in PM‐RMS patients enrolled in three consecutive Italian protocols has progressively improved, as a result of intensive chemotherapy, delayed surgery and, possibly, HART, though improved imaging and radiotherapeutic tools may have had a role as well. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1154–1158. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐anaplastic peripheral t‐cell lymphoma in childhood and adolescence: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Hutchison Robert E. , Laver Joseph H. , Chang Myron , Muzzafar Tariq , Desai Sunil , Murphy Sharon , Schwenn Molly , Shuster Jonathan , Link Michael P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL) other than anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are rare in young patients. While a high proportion of adults with PTCL have poor risk disease, pediatric PTCL is not well characterized. This study examines the outcome of localized and advanced PTCL in pediatric patients treated in standardized fashion.ProcedureWe identified 20 pediatric patients diagnosed with PTCL whose tumor cells did not express CD30 and/or ALK, as determined by immunohistochemistry, between 1992 and 2000 on one of two treatment protocols for localized NHL (POG 9219) or advanced stage large cell lymphoma (POG 9315). All cases were centrally reviewed.ResultsThe median age was 12.6 (range 0.7–16.9)—9 male and 11 female. Histological subtypes in the WHO Classification included PTCL, unspecified (12), extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of nasal type (4), subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T cell lymphoma (1) and enteropathy‐type T‐cell lymphoma (1). Two cases exhibited both T‐cell and histiocyte markers and were reclassified as histiocytic sarcoma per the WHO, although T‐lineage remains possible. Of 10 patients with localized disease, only two relapsed and 9 survive. Of 10 patients with advanced disease, six relapsed and five (50%) survive.ConclusionsThese results suggest that localized PTCL in children and adolescents is frequently cured with modern therapy, but that advanced stage cases may require novel therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:29–33. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Each bibliography is divided into 20 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Anti‐infective Agents; 4 Cardiovascular System Agents; 5 CNS Depressive Agents; 6 Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Agents; 7 CNS Agents; 8 Anti‐neoplastic Agents; 9 Haematological Agents; 10 Neuroregulator‐Blocking Agents; 11 Dermatological Agents; 12 Immunosuppressive Agents; 13 Autonomic Agents; 14 Respiratory System Agents; 15 Neuromuscular Agents; 16 Reproductive System Agents; 17 Gastrointestinal System Agents; 18 Anti‐inflammatory Agents ‐ Steroidal; 19 Teratogens/fetal exposure; 20 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.