bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of indexed publications on seventeen model organisms in nine countries, from 1974 to 2006
Authors: Winter Carlos E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDeveloped countries have an even distribution of published papers on the seventeen model organisms. Developing countries have biased preferences for a few model organisms which are associated with endemic human diseases. A variant of the Hirsch‐index, that we call the mean moh‐index (“model organism h‐index”), shows an exponential relationship with the amount of papers published in each country on the selected model organisms. Developing countries cluster together with low mean moh‐indexes, even those with high number of publications. The growth curves of publications on the recent model Caenorhabditis elegans in developed countries shows different formats. We also analyzed the growth curves of indexed publications originating from developing countries. Brazil and South Korea were selected for this comparison. The most prevalent model organisms in those countries show different growth curves when compared to a global analysis, reflecting the size and composition of their research communities.
Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Peptaibiotics, Hydrophobin, and Mycotoxin Research, and Their Importance for Chemotaxonomy of Trichoderma and Hypocrea
Authors: Degenkolb Thomas , von Döhren Hans , Fog Nielsen Kristian , Samuels Gary J. , Brückner Hans 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFungi of the genus Trichoderma with teleomorphs in Hypocrea are abundant producers of a group of amphiphilic, non‐ribosomal peptide antibiotics, which are rich in the non‐proteinogenic amino acid Aib (α‐aminoisobutyric acid). They are referred to as peptaibiotics, or peptaibols, if a 1,2‐amino alcohol is present at the C‐terminus. Trichoderma/Hypocrea, like other ascomycetous fungi, also produce hydrophobins, a class of small, cysteine‐rich proteins. Advanced soft ionization mass spectrometric techniques such as LC‐CID‐MS, LC‐ESI‐MSn, and IC‐MALDI‐TOF‐MS enabled the high‐throughput analysis, simultaneous detection and sequence determination of peptaibiotics and hydrophobins from minute quantities of fungal materials. Some Trichoderma species have been recognized to produce peptaibiotics as well as simple mycotoxins of the trichothecene group. The combination of sequence data of both groups of peptides with the pattern of low‐molecular‐weight secondary metabolites, including trichothecene‐type mycotoxins, independently confirmed the results of morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. This approach established a new lineage in Trichoderma/Hypocrea, the Brevicompactum clade, comprising four new and one redescribed species. Notably, commercial preparations of single or mixed cultures of Trichoderma species, in particular T. harzianum, and T. koningii, are registered as biocontrol agents for soil and plant pathogens. In this context, it is emphasized that the four mycotoxin‐producing species of the recently established Brevicompactum clade (T. brevicompactum, T. arundinaceum, T. turrialbense, and T. protrudens) are not closely related to any of the Trichoderma species currently used as biocontrol agents. Furthermore, possible health concerns about release of peptaibiotics in the biosphere are discussed with respect to their bioactivities and their use as drugs in human and veterinary medicine. Finally, future prospects regarding novel bioactivities and further research needs, including interdisciplinary taxonomic approaches, are outlined.
Natural Cyclopeptaibiotics and Related Cyclic Tetrapeptides: Structural Diversity and Future Prospects
Authors: Degenkolb Thomas , Gams Walter , Brückner Hans 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLinearity is not considered a prerequisite anymore, and extension of the current definition of ‘peptaibiotics’ to cyclic, Aib‐containing peptides is proposed. Sequences and bioactivities, together with ecophysiological importance of cyclopeptaibiotics and related cyclic tetrapeptides, and their fungal‐taxonomic relationships, are discussed.
Comparative Study of Cyperus rotundus Essential Oil by a Modified GC/MS Analysis Method. Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Apoptotic Effects
Authors: Kilani Soumaya , Ledauphin Jérôme , Bouhlel Ines , Sghaier Mohamed Ben , Boubaker Jihed , Skandrani Inès , Mosrati Ridha , Ghedira Kamel , Barillier Daniel , Chekir‐Ghedira Leila 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), using both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) detection modes on apolar and polar stationary phases, led to the determination of the volatile composition of the essential oil obtained from tubers of Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae). In this study, more than 33 compounds were identified and then compared with the results obtained in our previous work. Cyperene, α‐cyperone, isolongifolen‐5‐one, rotundene, and cyperorotundene were the principal compounds comprising 62% of the oil. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay with MTT indicated that this oil was very effective against L1210 leukaemia cells line. This result correlates with significantly increased apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The oxidative effects of the essential oil were evaluated using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), xanthine/xanthine oxidase assays, and the scavenging of superoxide radical assay generated by photo‐reduction of riboflavin. The antimutagenic activity of essential oil has been examined by following the inhibition of H2O2 UV photolysis which induced strand‐break formation in pBS plasmid DNA scission assay. Based on all these results, it is concluded that C. rotundus essential‐oil composition established by GC/MS analysis, in EI‐ and CI‐MS modes, presents a variety of a chemical composition we were not able to detect with only GC/MS analysis in our previous work. This essential oil exhibited antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic properties.
Bioactive Marine Prostanoids from Octocoral Clavularia viridis
Authors: Lin Yun‐Sheng , Taha Khalil Ashraf , Chiou Shih‐Hwa , Kuo Yuh‐Chi , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Liaw Chia‐Ching , Shen Ya‐Ching 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChemical investigation of the nonpolar extract of soft coral Clavularia viridis resulted in isolation of five new prostanoids, designated as claviridic acids A–E (1–5, resp.), in addition to the known clavulones I–III. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, especially HR‐ESI‐MS, CD, and 2D‐NMR experiments. The isolated marine prostanoids exhibited potent inhibitory effect on PHA‐induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as significant cytotoxic activity against human gastric cancer cells (AGS).
Preparation and Recognition Study on the Peptides in Aqueous Media of Poly(pyridine derivative‐co‐acrylamide)
Authors: ZHAO Jian‐Xin , QIAO Yi‐Tao , FENG Jing , YUAN Zhi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree copolymers (bearing metal ion coordinated sites) P1, P2 and P3 were synthesized and their recognition behavior on predetermined peptide sequences was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry.
Identification of four Engrailed genes in the Japanese lamprey, Lethenteron japonicum
Authors: Matsuura Manami , Nishihara Hidenori , Onimaru Koh , Kokubo Nobuhiro , Kuraku Shigehiro , Kusakabe Rie , Okada Norihiro , Kuratani Shigeru , Tanaka Mikiko 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe have isolated four homologs of Engrailed genes from the Japanese lamprey, Lethenteron japonicum, an agnathan that occupies a critical phylogenic position between cephalochordates and gnathostomes. We named these four genes LjEngrailedA, LjEngrailedB, LjEngrailedC, and LjEngrailedD. LjEngrailedA, LjEngrailedB, and LjEngrailedD share a major expression domain in the presumptive midbrain–hindbrain boundary region of the central nervous system, although their levels and timing of expression differed. On the other hand, LjEngrailedC transcripts were in the pharyngeal ectoderm and the ventral ectoderm of the body wall. In addition, LjEngrailedA was expressed in the ventral side of the epibranchial muscle precursors. LjEngrailedD transcripts were seen in the mesodermal cells of the mandibular arch and later in a group of cells responsible for the formation of the upper lip, lower lip, and velum. Our results provide clues to the evolution of these structures as well as a possible scenario for duplication events of Engrailed genes. Developmental Dynamics 237:1581–1589, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor genes are coexpressed during zebrafish embryogenesis and regulated by food deprivation
Authors: Nishio Shin‐Ichi , Gibert Yann , Bernard Laure , Brunet Frédéric , Triqueneaux Gérard , Laudet Vincent 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAdiponectin is an adipocytokine that plays important roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Adiponectin binds to two types of transmembrane receptors: Adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) type 1 and 2. We isolated and characterized the two adiponectin genes (adiponectin A and B) and the three adiponectin receptors in zebrafish. In adult, adiponectin A is only detected in the kidney while adiponectin B mRNAs are widely expressed and are detected in the liver, adipose tissue, muscle, and brain. The receptors are found in many tissues such as the brain, gut, liver, adipose tissue, kidney, and ovary. Interestingly, we detect embryonic synexpression of all genes in the pharyngeal region. We observed that adiponectin B expression in adult liver is reduced while the expression of the receptors is increased in fasted fish. These data indicate that the upstream members of the Adiponectin pathway have complex expression patterns and are regulated by food deprivation in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 237:1682–1690, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What's left in asymmetry?
Authors: Aw Sherry , Levin Michael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLeft–right patterning is a fascinating problem of morphogenesis, linking evolutionary and cellular signaling mechanisms across many levels of organization. In the past 15 years, enormous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular details of this process in embryos of several model species. While many outside the field seem to believe that the fundamental aspects of this pathway are now solved, workers on asymmetry are faced with considerable uncertainties over the details of specific mechanisms, a lack of conceptual unity of mechanisms across phyla, and important questions that are not being pursued in any of the popular model systems. Here, we suggest that data from clinical syndromes, cryptic asymmetries, and bilateral gynandromorphs, while not figuring prominently in the mainstream work on LR asymmetry, point to crucial and fundamental gaps of knowledge about asymmetry. We identify 12 big questions that provide exciting opportunities for fundamental new advances in this field. Developmental Dynamics 237:3453–3463, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and function of BMP3 during chick limb development
Authors: Gamer Laura W. , Ho Victoria , Cox Karen , Rosen Vicki 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play diverse roles in many aspects of skeletal development and bone homeostasis. During endochondral ossification, tight regulation of BMP activity is required to assure proper survival, proliferation and differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. BMP3, a structurally divergent member of the BMP family, acts as a negative regulator of bone formation by limiting BMP signal transduction. In this study, we focus on the chick limb where we find BMP3 has a unique localization pattern with strong expression in the developing perichondrium. Overexpression of BMP3 in chick wing bud at the onset of chondrogenesis, using replication competent retrovirus, reduces BMP signaling leading to increased cell proliferation and delayed cell differentiation, resulting in expanded skeletal elements and joint fusions. Our results suggest that BMP3 expression in the perichondrium may serve to regulate cartilage cell proliferation by modulating the levels of BMP signaling, thus ensuring proper endochondral ossification. Developmental Dynamics 237:1691–1698, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac expression patterns of endothelin‐converting enzyme (ECE): Implications for conduction system development
Authors: Sedmera David , Harris Brett S. , Grant Elizabeth , Zhang Ning , Jourdan Jane , Kurkova Dana , Gourdie Robert G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe spatiotemporal distribution of the endothelin‐converting enzyme (ECE) protein in the embryonic chick heart and the association of this polypeptide with the developing cardiac conduction system is described here for the first time. Further, we show how cardiac hemodynamic load directly affects ECE level and distribution. Endothelin (ET) is a cytokine involved in the inductive recruitment of Purkinje fibers. ET is produced by proteolytic cleavage of Big‐ET by ECE. We generated an antibody against chick ECE recognizing a single band at ∼70 kD to correlate the cardiac expression of this protein with that reported previously for its mRNA. ECE protein expression was more widespread compared to its mRNA, being present in endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and myocytes, and particularly enriched in the trabeculae and nascent ventricular conduction system. The myocardial expression was significantly modified under experimentally altered hemodynamic loading. In vivo, ET receptor blockade with bosentan delayed activation sequence maturation. These data support a role for ECE in avian cardiac conduction system differentiation and maturation. Developmental Dynamics 237:1746–1753, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐2 induces in vivo suppression by CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Brandenburg Susan , Takahashi Takeshi , de la Rosa Maurus , Janke Marko , Karsten Gabriele , Muzzulini Till , Orinska Zane , Bulfone‐Paus Silvia , Scheffold Alexander 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInterleukin‐2 (IL‐2) treatment is currently used to enhance T cell‐mediated immune responses against tumors or in viral infections. At the same time, IL‐2 is essential for the peripheral homeostasis of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In our study, we show that IL‐2 is also an important activator of Treg suppressive activity in vivo. IL‐2 treatment induces Treg expansion as well as IL‐10 production and increases their suppressive potential in vitro. Importantly, in vivo application of IL‐2 via gene‐gun vaccination using IL‐2 encoding DNA plasmids (pIL‐2) inhibited naive antigen‐specific T cell proliferation as well as a Th1‐induced delayed type hypersensitivity response. The suppressive effect can be transferred onto naive animals by Treg from IL‐2‐treated mice and the suppression depends on the synergistic action of IL‐10 and TGF‐β. These data highlight that during therapeutic treatment with IL‐2 the concomitant activation of Treg may indeed counteract the intended activation of cellular immunity.
Human CD4+ T cells maintain specific functions even under conditions of extremely restricted ATP production
Authors: Tripmacher Robert , Gaber Timo , Dziurla René , Häupl Thomas , Erekul Kerem , Grützkau Andreas , Tschirschmann Miriam , Scheffold Alexander , Radbruch Andreas , Burmester Gerd‐Rüdiger , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe investigated the energy‐adaptive potential of human CD4+ T cells under conditions of impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and/or low glucose (inhibiting glycolysis). These cells often encounter these conditions when executing their functions in injured/inflamed tissues, even though T cells themselves require constant and adequate energy supply via ATP. We assessed two specific functions, cytokine synthesis and proliferation, and addressed whether adaptive characteristics also emerged in vivo. In glucose‐containing medium, both cytokine production and proliferation were unaffected, even under complete OXPHOS suppression. Only when glucose was also absent were these functions significantly decreased. Partial recovery of OXPHOS and induced glycolysis were crucial for the maintenance of cellular energy supply. Adaptive regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant because hypoxia up‐regulates glycolytic genes but down‐regulates OXPHOS genes in vivo. Our data demonstrate an unexpectedly high, clinically relevant adaptive potential of human CD4+ T cells to maintain specific functions even under severely impaired bioenergetic conditions.Supporting Information for this article is available at www.wiley‐vch.de/contents/jc_2040/200838047_s.pdf
IFN‐γ activation of mesenchymal stem cells for treatment and prevention of graft versus host disease
Authors: Polchert David , Sobinsky Justin , Douglas GW , Kidd Martha , Moadsiri Ada , Reina Eduardo , Genrich Kristyn , Mehrotra Swati , Setty Suman , Smith Brett , Bartholomew Amelia 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGraft versus host disease (GVHD), mediated by donor T cells, is a significant source of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can successfully treat ongoing graft versus host disease, presumably due to their ability to suppress donor T cell proliferation. Little is known about the potential of MSC to prevent GVHD. Here we show that bone marrow‐isolated MSC can suppress the development of GVHD if given after donor T cell recognition of antigen. IFN‐γ was required to initiate MSC efficacy. Recipients of IFN‐γ–/– T cells did not respond to MSC treatment and succumbed to GVHD. MSC, pre‐treated with IFN‐γ, became immediately active and could suppress GVHD more efficiently than a fivefold‐greater number of MSC that were not activated. When given at the time of bone marrow transplantation, activated MSC could prevent GVHD mortality (100% survival, p=0.006). MSC activation was dependent on the magnitude of IFN‐γ exposure, with increased IFN‐γ exposure leading to increased MSC suppression of GVHD. Activated MSC present a new strategy for preventing GVHD using fewer MSC.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838433
Bacillus anthracis spores and lethal toxin induce IL‐1β via functionally distinct signaling pathways
Authors: Kang Tae Jin , Basu Subhendu , Zhang Lei , Thomas Karen E. , Vogel Stefanie N. , Baillie Les , Cross Alan S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPrevious reports suggested that lethal toxin (LT)‐induced caspase‐1 activity and/or IL‐1β accounted for Bacillus anthracis (BA) infection lethality. In contrast, we now report that caspase‐1‐mediated IL‐1β expression in response to BA spores is required for anti‐BA host defenses. Caspase‐1–/– and IL‐1β–/– mice are more susceptible than wild‐type (WT) mice to lethal BA infection, are less able to kill BA both in vivo and in vitro, and addition of rIL‐1β to macrophages from these mice restored killing in vitro. Non‐germinating BA spores induced caspase‐1 activity, IL‐1β and nitric oxide, by which BA are killed in WT but not in caspase‐1–/– mice, suggesting that the spore itself stimulated inflammatory responses. While spores induced IL‐1β in LT‐susceptible and ‐resistant macrophages, LT induced IL‐1β only in LT‐susceptible macrophages. Cooperation between MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent signaling pathways was required for spore‐induced, but not LT‐induced, IL‐1β. While both spores and LT induced caspase‐1 activity and IL‐1β, LT did not induce IL‐1β mRNA, and spores did not induce cell death. Thus different components of the same bacterium each induce IL‐1β by distinct signaling pathways. Whereas the spore‐induced IL‐1β limits BA infection, LT‐induced IL‐1β enables BA to escape host defenses.Supporting Information for this article is available at www.wiley‐vch.de/contents/jc_2040/2008/38141_s.pdf
Cover Picture: Mast cell regulation of epithelial TSLP expression plays an important role in the development of allergic rhinitis – Eur. J. Immunol. 6/2008
Authors: Miyata Masanori , Hatsushika Kyosuke , Ando Takashi , Shimokawa Naomi , Ohnuma Yuko , Katoh Ryohei , Suto Hajime , Ogawa Hideoki , Masuyama Keisuke , Nakao Atsuhito 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe cover shows thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expression in the nasal epithelium in an OVA‐based murine model of allergic rhinitis. This image was taken from the article by Miyata pp. 1487–1492, et al. (pp. 1487–1492), in which the authors demonstrate that mast cells are critical regulators of allergic rhinitis development through regulation of TSLP expression, possibly mediated via FcεRI.
Metal Halide/N‐Donor Organic Ligand Hybrid Materials with Confined Energy Gaps and Emissions
Authors: Wang Wei , Qiao Juan , Dong Guifang , Wang Liduo , Duan Lian , Zhang Deqiang , Qiu Yong 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFour group 12 metal halide/N‐donor organic ligand hybrid materials, ZnCl2(AEC)2 (1), ZnI2(AEC)2 (2), CdI2(AEC)2 (3), and HgI2(AEC)2 (4) [AEC=N‐(2‐aminoethyl)carbazole] were synthesized and characterized. Single crystals of ZnCl2(AEC)2·CH3CN (1·CH3CN) and ZnI2(AEC)2·CH3CN (2·CH3CN) were obtained from solutions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1·CH3CN and 2·CH3CN form quasi‐1D structures of (ZnCl2)n and (ZnI2)n chains. The two AEC ligands in one hybrid molecule are dissymmetric due to the steric hindrance effect of the AEC moiety and the hydrogen bonding of the CH3CN guest molecules. The UV/Vis spectra of compounds 1–4 were measured, and the optical energy gaps (Eg) of compounds 1–3 are very close to that of AEC; the value of Eg for compound 4 is a little smaller. Steady and transient photoluminescence studies revealed that the emissions of compounds 1–3 are attributed to the AEC ligands, whereas compound 4 does not emit light owing to the heavy‐atom effect. Theoretical studies of the electronic structures confirmed that the optical energy gaps and emissions of the hybrid materials are almost confined by the AEC organic ligand rather than the metal halides.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Ni Fibers Synthesized Under External Magnetic Fields
Authors: Gong Chunhong , Yu Laigui , Duan Yuping , Tian Juntao , Wu Zhishen , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) nanocrystallites Ni fibers with different lengths were fabricated by the reduction of Ni2+ ions by hydrazine hydrate in the presence of external magnetic fields. The effect of the reaction conditions and magnetic field intensity on the microstructures and magnetic properties of the Ni fibers were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and measurement of hysteresis loops at room temperature. It was found that both the intensity of the external magnetic field and the concentration of the nickel salt solution played key roles in governing the microstructures and magnetic properties of the Ni fibers. Namely, the mean length of the Ni fibers increased markedly with increasing Ni2+ ion concentration and intensity of the external magnetic field as well. Moreover, the Ni fiber samples prepared under external magnetic fields had higher squareness and coercivity values than those synthesized in the absence of the external magnetic field. Therefore, a relatively high intensity of the external magnetic field and concentration of the Ni2+ ions was selected for the preparation of the desired Ni fibers with improved microstructures and magnetic properties. The present approach has the advantages of having a fast reaction rate and low cost and might be promising for the effective control of the shape and magnetic properties of magnetic materials and for large‐scale production as well. The resulting Ni fibers might be potential catalysts, magnetic storage materials, and conductive fillers for shielding of electromagnetic interference (EMI). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)