bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete with alkali-activated fly ash
Authors: Chen Liang , Tang Yu 
Published: April 2024

The primary goal of this study is to examine the impact of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/alkali-activated fly ash on the fresh properties and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fresh properties, known as the workability of SCC characteristics, were determined using the U-box, V-funnel, J-ring, and L-box tests. The M30 grade SCC containing superplasticizer of 0.86 wt. % of cement is replaced with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% of alkali-activated fly ash. On days 7, 14, and 28 after curing, the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength of the SCC were examined. The study was further extended to evaluate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, whose size was 1200 × 100 × 150 mm3, under flexure loading. Based on the test results, it was found that the increase in the replacement of cement with alkali-activated fly ash increased the workability in the SCC. With the addition of superplasticizers, the SCC gained much more workability than conventional concrete containing no superplasticizer. The mechanical properties of 10% and 15% activated fly ash in Portland cement provided the maximum strength for the SCC at different ages of curing. The maximum first crack load and maximum ultimate flexure loading of the reinforced concrete beam containing 10% activated fly ash by weight of cement were greater than those of the control concrete beam. The microstructural scanning electron microscope observations confirmed that the alkali-activated fly ash increased the strength properties of the self-compacting concrete.
Oxidation state of cobalt oxide in thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of cobalt by plasma oxidation and organometallization
Authors: Fujisaki Sumiko , Yamaguchi Yoshihide , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Shinoda Kazunori , Yamada Masaki , Kawamura Kohei , Izawa Masaru 
Published: April 2024

Thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of Co blanket film and a fine pattern by plasma oxidation and organometallization were investigated. To obtain a smoothly etched surface and self-limiting etching, a two-step temperature-etching process was used. Co was first oxidized using O2 plasma at a low temperature of 25 °C. Then, the Co oxide formed in the first step was organometallized with acetylacetone (acacH) and sublimed at a high temperature of 210 °C, which is appropriate for organometallization and sublimation. The etched amount per cycle was 0.6 nm. This value is the same as the saturated oxidation amount. The root-mean-square roughness after 20-cycle etching was 0.53 nm, and an atomically smooth etched surface was obtained. From the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the oxidation state of Co oxide with a 530-eV O1s peak was dominant for organometallization with acacH. As the temperature increased, the O1s XPS peak of the Co oxide shifted lower to 529 eV and formed a columnar-shaped oxide. However, with acacH, oxide was organometallized when the O1s peak was at 530 eV.
Welfare stigma in a social democratic welfare regime during a decade of national public debate: production, contestation and continuities
Authors: Lundberg Kjetil Grimastad , Syltevik Liv Johanne 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to investigate how welfare stigma is produced and counteracted in the public sphere in a social democratic welfare regime. The Norwegian case represents a generous welfare state that historically has been thought to lessen and avoid stigma connected to welfare benefits. While studies have identified a hardening anti-welfare consensus and stigma production in liberal welfare regimes, we know less about how the connection between welfare benefits, stigma production and resistance has played out in the recent developments in the social democratic welfare regime context. Public debates give access to a dynamic political battleground where different actors participate, and we analyse six welfare-related national debates covered in Norwegian newspapers between 2010 and 2019. We identify key stakeholders, symbolic boundaries used to distinguish deserving from undeserving recipients, and we discuss the outcomes and wider functions of these debates. The debates contain moral aspects of welfare and allegations of fraud by recipients in general as well as by targeted groups such as Somali single mothers, refugees and young adults. We find that stigmatizing framings known from other national contexts also enter the Norwegian debates and illustrate how welfare stigma production plays a role in promoting more selective welfare policies.
Rotation of a ring around a horizontal rod
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A simple experiment is described where a metal ring was rotated in a vertical plane on a horizontal rod. The ring rotated about 100 times before coming to a stop, so the friction force on the ring remained very small. However, measurements of the rotation frequencies of the ring around the rod and around its centre of mass indicated that the ring was sliding rather than rolling, with an unusually low coefficient of sliding friction.
Non-extensive effects on the QCD equation of state and fluctuations of conserved charges within Polyakov quark meson model
Authors: Diab Abdel Magied 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The influence of non-extensive Tsallis statistics on the hadron phase structure has been investigated using the Polyakov-quark-meson (PQM) model. The analysis examines the non-extensive effects on the temperature dependence of PQM order parameters, thermodynamic quantities related to the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) equation of state, and fluctuations of conserved charges at varying chemical potentials. The results show that non-extensive effects have the most significant deviations near the crossover region. The pseudo-critical temperature T

χ
(μ

B
) is not a universal constant and decreases with increasing non-extensive q parameter. The chiral phase diagram of the PQM model indicates a decrease in the behavior of the (T

χ
− μ

B
) plane with increasing non-extensive q parameter. The PQM model exhibits good qualitative agreement with lattice QCD calculations. Moreover, these findings suggest the existence of a Tsallis limit, which serves as an alternative to the Stefan–Boltzmann limit for the massless ideal gas. The critical endpoint exhibits lower temperature but higher chemical potential with increasing non-extensive q parameter. Overall, this study highlights the importance of non-extensive Tsallis statistics in characterizing the quark-hadron phase structure of the PQM model and contributes to a deeper understanding of non-extensive effects in the quark-hadron phase transition.
Thermoelectric optimization using first principles calculation and single parabolic band model: a case of Ca0.5La0.5−x
Bi
x
MnO3 (x = 0, 0.25)
Authors: Raharjo Bambang Mulyo , Kurniawan Budhy , Soegijono Bambang , Munazat Dicky Rezky , Razaq Dhawud Sabilur , Suprayoga Edi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Conducting optimization calculations for thermoelectric performance can be beneficial in guiding the direction of further experimental work. In our study, we utilize a combination of the first principle, Boltzmann transport and restructured single parabolic band model to investigate the half-doped semiconductors based on manganite. Ca0.5La0.5−x
Bi
x
MnO3 (x = 0, 0.25) as samples shows the power factor (PF) optimum value of 30% and 69% for x = 0 and 0.25, respectively at a temperature of 800 K. In addition, both samples show two to three orders of magnitude smaller lattice thermal conductivity than their electronic thermal conductivity. This excludes complex phononic transport mechanisms from the calculation of the figure of merit (ZT). The ZT calculations of Ca0.5L0.5MnO3 and Ca0.5L0.5−x
Bi
x
MnO3 are corrected by the ratio of the transport relaxation time of electrical conductivity to the transport relaxation time of electronic thermal conductivity by the Lorenz number, resulting in ZT values of 0.063 and 0.327 at a temperature of 800 K, respectively.
Molecular dynamics simulations into rolling scraping of nickel-copper bilayer film
Authors: Dai Liangwu , Gao Jiawei , Yao Tingqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In order to investigate the nanoscale friction mechanism and deformation behavior of nickel-copper bilayer film under rolling scraping, the effects of different factors during friction process such as the translation velocity, rotation velocity, radius of abrasive grain, contact depth, texture direction and crystallographic orientation are analyzed through molecular dynamics methods in terms of contact force, atomic lattice structure, internal substrate dislocation, kinetic energy and temperature. Results show that the contact force increases with the increase of the translation velocity or the decrease of the rotation velocity. Abrasive grains in a purely rolling state cause the most serious damage to the substrate. The contact force increases with the increase of contact depth or the decrease of abrasive grain radius. The crystallographic orientation has a significant effect on rolling scraping process and there is a crystallographic orientation with the minimum contact force. The degrees of substrate dislocation and the numbers of lattice reconstruction atoms under different factors and levels vary widely.
Structural deformation and clamping force monitoring of reconfigurable tooling motivated by strain data in aircraft assembly
Authors: Li Chengyu , Hu Junshan , Kang Ruihao , Yang Yuhang , Jin Jie , Tian Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The quality of aircraft assembly is mainly guaranteed by toolings which are vital to the geometrical accuracy and service performance of aviation products. In this research, a real-time monitoring system that determines the structural deformation and clamping force of reconfigurable toolings using strain data is developed to perceive the service state of the toolings. By laying fiber Bragg gratings on positioning beam and baseplate of the reconfigurable tooling, strain data of the tooling structures are gauged and transferred to curvatures. The beam and baseplate are modeled as one and two-dimensional objects respectively and shape reconstruction algorithms are established to obtain their deflection curve and surface using curvature information. Distribution of fibers is optimized to minimize the conversion error from strain to curvature. An estimation that reveals the mathematical relationship between the shape reconstruction error and measurement interval is implemented, and a mapping model from strains to clamping force of the beam is established. These algorithms are integrated into the self-developed monitoring software and undergo simulating and experimental tests. The maximum relative errors of deformation and force are 4.53% and 4.12% respectively in simulation, and 9.21% and 7.29% individually in experiment, which validates the efficiencies of the method. Tests of the monitoring system suggest that it can provide a timely and accurate sensing of the deformation and force of the tooling.
Quantum reaction-limited reaction–diffusion dynamics of noninteracting Bose gases
Authors: Rowlands Shiphrah , Lesanovsky Igor , Perfetto Gabriele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate quantum reaction–diffusion (RD) systems in one-dimension with bosonic particles that coherently hop in a lattice, and when brought in range react dissipatively. Such reactions involve binary annihilation (

A
+
A
→
∅

) and coagulation (

A
+
A
→
A

) of particles at distance d. We consider the reaction-limited regime, where dissipative reactions take place at a rate that is small compared to that of coherent hopping. In classical RD systems, this regime is correctly captured by the mean-field approximation. In quantum RD systems, for noninteracting fermionic systems, the reaction-limited regime recently attracted considerable attention because it has been shown to give universal power law decay beyond mean field for the density of particles as a function of time. Here, we address the question whether such universal behavior is present also in the case of the noninteracting Bose gas. We show that beyond mean-field density decay for bosons is possible only for reactions that allow for destructive interference of different decay channels. Furthermore, we study an absorbing-state phase transition induced by the competition between branching

A
→
A
+
A

, decay

A
→
∅

and coagulation

A
+
A
→
A

. We find a stationary phase-diagram, where a first and a second-order transition line meet at a bicritical point which is described by tricritical directed percolation. These results show that quantum statistics significantly impact on both the stationary and the dynamical universal behavior of quantum RD systems.
23 KHz linewidth 1064 nm SOA based fiber laser by using parallel type subring cavities
Authors: Liaw Shien-Kuei , Marlina Lina , Wang Zi , Chen Shu-Miao , Lee Bo-Heng , Tsai Hsiou-Hsin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study presents a high-quality fiber ring laser created by integrating a semiconductor optical amplifier to generate amplified spontaneous emission with a four-subring resonator and utilizing the nonlinear polarization rotator effect. When the driven current of 400 mA, the laser exhibited a maximum power deviation of 0.204 dB and a wavelength deviation of 0.012 nm during a one-hour testing period. Furthermore, utilizing a delayed self-heterodyne measurement system, we measured the linewidth of the self-made fiber laser to be 23 kHz.
Parameters for selecting biological features in multifunctional bio-inspired design: a convergent evolution approach
Authors: Velivela Pavan Tejaswi , Ridard Arnaud , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Combining different biological features exhibiting different functions is necessary to generate uncommon and unique multifunctional bio-inspired conceptual designs. Different biological features independently evolve characteristics to solve the same need/necessity. This phenomenon is called convergent evolution. Without parameters, selecting a suitable feature from those that exhibit the same function and have the same geometric relevance becomes quite difficult. This research investigates and identifies the parameters that have the potential to support choosing the suitable biological feature and to support the multifunctional design concept generation. In this paper, parameters are hypothesized by studying the mechanisms of tissue formation responsible for generating structural features in a biological system. These parameters are used in the Expandable Domain Integrated Design ideation model to aid designers in choosing and combining suitable biological features for multifunctional concepts. A case study is presented to validate the effectiveness of the parameters in the selection process.
Probability of Erosion Utilizing Google Earth Engine and the RUSLE Method in the Tuntang Watershed
Authors: Sentani A , Niam M F , Boogaard F.C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Tuntang Watershed is an important watershed in Central Java. Management of watersheds in the Tuntang stream is a priority for various parties to carry out. One of the things that threatens the sustainability of the Tuntang watershed is erosion. The erosion rate can lead to sediment accumulation and siltation in the Tuntang River reservoir, which can cause catastrophic flooding. Flood disaster mitigation caused by erosion needs to be done, one of which is by calculating the erosion rate per year that occurs in the Tuntang watershed. This study calcultated the predicted erosion rate (per year in the Tuntang watershed) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE). Google offers a cloud-storage technology called GEE. Programming in JavaScript is required to operate GEE. GEE is a petabyte-scale data-based tool that can be used to analyze and archive geospatial data that is open source. The computing environment is designed for the processing of geospatial data, including the depiction of spatial analysis of satellite imagery. Data for RUSLE is obtained from the database in GEE, and the results can be imaged on a map. According to the study’s findings, the degree of soil erosion throughout the Tuntang Watershed was essentially constant, with Moderate erosion predominating in the majority of locations. Senjoyo Sub Watershed, Rowopening Sub Watershed, and Tuntang Hilir Sub Watershed are the primary locations with severe erosion. Rowopening Sub Watershed is the region that is the worst.
Liquefaction Potential Analysis in Terboyo Industrial Park
Authors: Agustina Selvia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Terboyo industrial park is one of the most important industrial areas in Semarang City. It is located on the north sea coast of Java, where in fact the land is alluvial soil. The characteristic of alluvial soil which is loose and tends to store much water can cause liquefaction phenomena when it is hit by an earthquake. Moreover, Semarang city is passed by an active fault along 34 km which has the potential to cause an earthquake measuring 6.5 magnitudes. Liquefaction is one geotechnical phenomena that occur due to cyclic loads. It causes the soil to lose its carrying capacity and function like a liquid, so it is very dangerous for the infrastructure above it. The research objective to analyze the possibility of liquefaction in Terboyo industrial park. This research method was begun with collect secondary data in the form of soil data and earthquake data. After collecting data, then the data was processed and analyzed using semi-empirical methods. The data processing produces cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) values which were analyzed for safety factor (SF) as a parameter for the level of liquefaction potential. Then, know the level of liquefaction potential from the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) method is the following procedure. Based on the results of the liquefaction potential analysis, the soil in Terboyo Industrial Park is very vulnerable to liquefaction hazards because the LPI value is 23.57.
Utilization of rainwater harvesting to conserve water in buildings in Semarang City
Authors: Syahputra B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rainwater harvesting makes a major contribution to sustainable development. The utilization of rainwater for building operations is in line with sustainable development goals for 2030. This research aims to provide an overview of rainwater which can be used as an alternative source of raw water in buildings in Semarang City. This research was carried out purposively on buildings in the city of Semarang that had received function-worthiness certificates. The research results show that the largest rainwater harvesting dimension is the Ciputra building of 372 m3 with rainwater potential that can be utilized in the form of runoff of 0.758 m3/second or 65491.2 m3/day, while the smallest dimension is the Pusatand building of 55 m3 with rainwater potential which can be utilized in the form of runoff of 0.112 m3/second or 9679.8 m3/day. Municipal waterworks (PDAM) tariff costs have decreased after carrying out rainwater harvesting. The largest percentage decline was in the Ciputra building, namely 65.72%, while the smallest was in The Pinnacle at 5.16%. The size of the Municipal waterworks (PDAM) water tariff is determined by the ground floor area of the building since the ground floor area contributes to the dimensions of rainwater harvesting.
Analysis of Green Building Implementation in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building
Authors: Adeswastoto H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Green building, or green construction, is an approach to designing, constructing, and operating buildings that takes into consideration their impact on the environment and human health. Based on this, there is a need to conduct a study on green building in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building to determine its green building rating or level of implementation. This research aims to analyze the implementation of green building and the benefits it generates. The research methods employed include a literature review and a case study. In the literature review, various relevant sources such as scholarly journals, articles, and research reports are used to gather information about the concept and practices of green building. The case study is conducted in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building by analyzing several buildings that have been constructed and are in operation. The analysis is performed using the Greenship Existing Building version 1.1 standards from GBCI. Greenship EB 1.1 consists of 6 (six) standards, namely land use, energy efficiency and management, water management, materials cycle and resources, indoor air quality, and building environmental management. The analysis results indicate that the implementation of green building falls short in many aspects due to the lack of available benchmarks. Recommendations that can be provided include the use of more environmentally friendly construction materials, the adoption of more effective energy-saving systems, the utilization of advanced water management technologies, and improvements in waste management.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Geotextile and Sub-Drainage in Addressing Road Subsidence on Bumiayu–Sirampog Road, Brebes Regency
Authors: Fitriani D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Road subsidence commonly occurs in highlands which have poor soil parameters, supported by a lack of proper treatment to prevent subsidence. Common problems are the unequal bearing capacity of the subgrade at each location and variations in settlement caused by the presence of soft soil layers beneath the subgrade. This is why using a geotextile approach is the first step. Like the road subsidence incident located in Sridadi Village, Kec. Sirampog, Kab. Brebes, to be precise at KM 116+100 to KM 116+250, was caused by ground movement which was influenced by a fault from the North East to the South West. Based on the collection and processing of primary and secondary data, the results of the technical evaluation of road repairs on soft soil were obtained, namely treatment with geotextile reinforcement, namely class 1 stabilizer type. Use of 5″ PVC pipe sub-drainage and Ø 1 m Armco to drain water below the ground surface. Through 2D V20 plaxis modeling, the condition of soil stability can be determined before and after the use of geotextiles and sub-drainage at that location. Namely, it can minimize the extreme value of land displacement (Utot) which was originally 5.126 m to 1,414 m. And the reduction value obtained based on field observations was smaller than the laboratory calculation, namely 0.700 m < 0.845 m.