bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Total Synthesis and Structural Determination of Actinopyrone A (I).
Authors: Hosokawa Seijiro , Yokota Kazuya , Imamura Keisuke , Suzuki Yasuaki , Kawarasaki Masataka , Tatsuta Kuniaki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Arylfurans.
Authors: de Oliveira Renata B. , de Souza‐Fagundes Elaine M. , Siqueira Hellen A. J. , Leite Rodrigo S. , Donnici Claudio L. , Zani Carlos L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances (1995‐2005) in Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals Based on Natural Products
Authors: Begue Jean‐Pierre , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Catalytic Mechanisms of Binuclear Metallohydrolases
Authors: Mitic Natasa , Smith Sarah J. , Neves Ademir , Guddat Luke W. , Gahan Lawrence R. , Schenk Gerhard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Roles of Protease‐Activated Receptor‐2 (PAR‐2), a G Protein‐Coupled Receptor in Modulation of Exocrine Gland Functions
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway mediates effects of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor on differentiation of basal forebrain oligodendrocytes
Authors: Du Yangzhou , Lercher Lauren D. , Zhou Renping , Dreyfus Cheryl F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), through the mediation of the trkB receptor, modulates the expression of differentiated traits in basal forebrain (BF) oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Specifically, BDNF up‐regulates the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG; Du et al. [2006] Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 31:366–375). However, the signaling cascades mediating the effects of BDNF have not been defined. The current study employs biochemical and molecular biological approaches to examine the involvements of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) pathway, and the phospholipase C‐γ (PLC‐γ) pathway. Our results indicate that, in BF OLGs, BDNF activates the MAPK pathway and the PLC‐γ pathway but not the PI3K‐Akt signaling cascade. By using specific inhibitors and mutated dominant negative or constitutively active forms of MAPK kinase, we demonstrate that the MAPK pathway is mediating the effects of BDNF on expression of differentiated traits in BF OLGs. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel asynchronous variational integrators
Authors: Kale Kedar G. , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a scalable parallel variational time integration algorithm for nonlinear elastodynamics with the distinguishing feature of allowing each element in the mesh to have a possibly different time step. Furthermore, the algorithm is obtained from a discrete variational principle, and hence it is termed parallel asynchronous variational integrator (PAVI). The underlying variational structure grants it outstanding conservation properties. Based on a domain decomposition strategy, PAVI combines a careful scheduling of computations with fully asynchronous communications to provide a very efficient methodology for finite element models with even mild distributions of time step sizes. Numerical tests are shown to illustrate PAVI's performance on both slow and fast networks, showing scalability properties similar to the best parallel explicit synchronous algorithms, with lower execution time. Finally, a numerical example in which PAVI needs ≈100 times less computing than an explicit synchronous algorithm is shown. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prosaposin upregulates AR and PSA expression and activity in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP)
Authors: Koochekpour Shahriar , Lee Tae‐Jin , Wang Ruoxiang , Culig Zoran , Delorme Nathalie , Caffey Soren , Marrero Luis , Aguirre Jennifer 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDProsaposin overexpression and/or genomic amplification have been demonstrated in androgen‐independent (AI) prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. Here, we explored the possibility for a functional relationship between prosaposin and androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP cells.METHODSThe effect of prosaposin or its active molecular derivatives (e.g., saposin C) on expression and activity of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was examined by using immunoblotting, RT‐PCR, transfection, and reporter gene assays, immunofluorescence staining, and inhibitors of signal transduction pathways.RESULTSProsaposin or saposin C, in an AI‐manner, (a) increased AR mRNA and protein expression and nuclear AR content and its phosphorylation state; (b) increased PSA mRNA and protein expression; and (c) upregulated PSA‐ and an androgen‐inducible probasin (PB)‐reporter gene activity in LNCaP and AR‐transfected PC‐3 cells. Induction of PSA expression and reporter activity was substantially blocked or prevented with the antiandrogen bicalutamide, pertussis toxin, or inhibitors of MAPK‐ and PI3K/Akt‐signaling pathways, indicating an androgen‐agonistic effect for saposin C that involves AR and multiple signaling pathways.CONCLUSIONSThe results for the first time introduce prosaposin as an androgen‐agonist in prostate cancer cells. This finding, together with the growth‐promoting effect and overexpression of prosaposin, may support a growth advantage to AI prostate cancer cells. Prostate © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The response, acclimation, and remedial treatment of an enriched methanogenic culture to cyanide
Authors: Yang Joseph , Speece E. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn acetate enriched, methanogenic culture was exposed to cyanide in various exposure modes and concentrations. Methanogenic assays were made with cyanide as the model toxicant. The following variables were studied: solids retention time, toxicant administration pattern, fate of radioactively tagged cyanide, retention of acclimation after elapsed time intervals, effect of previous exposure to cyanide, and efficacy of remedial treatment additives. The culture was able to successfully acclimate to the presence of up to 30 mg/L of cyanide—approximately 10 fold the concentration tolerated by an unacclimated culture. The severity and duration of inhibition of methane fermentation by a slug dose of cyanide was proportional to cyanide concentration. The recovery of the methane fermentation of acetate after a 1.5 mg/L dose of cyanide was not due to significant reduction of cyanide and/or its intermediates. The methanogens maintained their acclimation potential to cyanide after 60 days of cyanide free growth. Cysteine, thiosulfate and dithionite all reduced the toxic effect of cyanide.
The interaction effects of toxic chemical combinations on chlorella ellipsoidea
Authors: Aoyama I. , Okamura H. , Yagi M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe hazardous chemicals that have been released into the aquatic environment may disturb the balance of the aquatic ecosystem. Chemicals do not exist in single pure form, but occur in mixtures in the environment. Consequently, their effects on organisms living in the aquatic environment are primarily due to the combined toxicities. In this study, the interaction effects between chemicals such as copper, cadmium, chromium and pentachlorophenol on the growth of green algae Chlorella ellipsoidea, were investigated using a batch culture. Growth rate was a more sensitive index than standing crop at a given time for detecting the toxicity of chemicals. The EC50 values obtained from dry weight, were higher than those obtained from ATP, chlorophyll‐a, chlorophyll‐b, carotenoid as growth indices for algal density. The toxicity of each chemical was dependent on the test period. The inhibition rate of PCP and Cu in comparison with the control for the exposure time of 24 hours was higher than that for the exposure time of 48 hours. The inhibition rate of Cr and Cd for 48 hours was higher than that for 24 hours. The toxic intensity of chemicals was, in order, PCP, Cu, and Cr, without exception. The toxicity of Cd was changeable depending upon the indices used. The method modified by Stratton (1983) and the isobologram method were used to determine the modes of interaction effects of the chemical combinations. These two methods led to the same results, with three exceptions. A synergistic effect was observed for combinations between Cr and PCP, between Cu and Cd, and between Cu and Cr; while an antagonistic effect was observed for combinations between Cd and PCP, between Cu and PCP, and between Cd and Cr within some concentration ranges.
The chemical content of algae and waters: Bioconcentration
Authors: Mann H. , Fyfe W. S. , Kerrich R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultielement analysis of fresh water algae, including unicellular Euglena sp. and some filamentous Cladophora sp. species, revealed extremely high concentrations of various chemical elements such as Al ∼ 28,000 ppm (mg/L), Sr ∼ 150, Ba ∼ 40, Zn ∼ 150, Pb ∼ 1600, Cu ∼ 200, and Be ∼ 180 ppm. These concentrations are highly variable, and depend on both the algal species and the host environments. Samples were collected from the Elliot Lake (U), Timmins (Au), and Sudbury (Cu, Ni, Pt) mining camps of northern Ontario. These results endorse the premise that microorganisms mediate the transfer of many solutes between hydrosphere and sedimentary regime, and by sequestering toxic metals released from the mine tailings, they are useful in the retardation of metal dispersion into the environment and as a possible mechanism to enhance secondary recovery of precious metals where solute levels are too low for conventional technology.
Total Thyroidectomy for Amiodarone‐associated Thyrotoxicosis in Patients with Severe Cardiac Disease
Authors: Gough Jenny , Gough Ian R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundSurgical treatment of amiodarone−associated thyrotoxicosis (AAT) is effective although fewer than 100 cases have been reported world wide.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed 14 patients treated with total thyroidectomy by a single surgeon from 1998 to 2005.ResultsThere were 11 male and 3 female patients who ranged in age from 26 to 82 years (average 50.5). Nine patients refractory to medical management and 5 in whom amiodarone needed to be continued were treated surgically. Ten patients developed thyrotoxicosis while being treated with amiodarone, but 4 became thyrotoxic after ceasing amiodarone 2, 2, 6 and 13 months previously. One patient recently had a cardiac transplant, and 4 were on the active cardiac transplant waiting list. Cardiac ejection fractions ranged from 15% to 50% (average 39%). Four patients had serious complications from medication used to control thyrotoxicosis, including one case of agranulocytosis from carbimazole. Total thyroidectomy was performed under general anaesthesia with no significant intraoperative complications and no deaths. There were no recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. Two patients required short‐term calcium supplementation. All patients had rapid resolution of their symptoms and were euthyroid on thyroxine postoperatively. Two patients had such improvement they were removed from the cardiac transplant list.ConclusionsDespite severe cardiac disease, total thyroidectomy can be performed successfully under general anaesthesia. Surgery should be considered early in the treatment plan. Surgery is particularly appropriate where it is considered necessary to continue amiodarone, when there are complications from the medications used to treat thyrotoxicosis and to facilitate fitness for or defer the need for cardiac transplantation.
Time machine: Ancient life on Earth and in the cosmos
Authors: Duxbury N. S. , Abyzov S. S. , Bobin N. E. , Imura S. , Kanda H. , Mitskevich I. N. , Mulyukin A. L. , Naganuma T. , Poglazova M. N. , Ivanon M. V. 
Published: October 2006

The discovery more than 30 years ago of the unique superlong anabiosis phenomenon (deep sleep/dormancy) for ancient microorganisms buried in Antarctic ice deposits created the experimental and theoretical basis for the fields of cryomicrobiology and astrobiology related to searching for life or its evidence in the universe. This discovery is of special interest in light of the upcoming International Polar Year (IPY 2007–2008) and the creation of the U.S. Subglacial Antarctic Lake Environments program (http://salepo.tamu.edu/us_sale).Abysov et al. [1977, 1978] discovered superlong anabiosis for microorganisms in deep Antarctic ice cores above Lake Vostok when his group found and revived ancient microbes frozen for more than 500,000 years (Figure 1). Previously, only science fiction writers had contemplated a deep sleep/dormancy phenomenon that might allow humans to postpone their deaths by freezing and thus travel in time into the future.
Report provides guidance for preparation for precipitation satellite
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

Though it will be years before the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite launches, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) should begin formal planning for the mission, a committee of the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academies recommended in a report released on 31 August.The report, ‘NOAAs Role in Space‐based Global Precipitation Estimation and Application,’ is the second from the committee; its first report recommended extension of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), which NASA agreed to extend until at least 2009.
The eggshell is required for meiotic fidelity, polar-body extrusion and polarization of the C. elegansembryo
Authors: Johnston Wendy L , Krizus Aldis , Dennis James W 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundFertilization restores the diploid state and begins the process by which the single-cell oocyte is converted into a polarized, multicellular organism. In the nematode,Caenorhabditis elegans, two of the earliest events following fertilization are secretion of the chitinous eggshell and completion of meiosis, and in this report we demonstrate that the eggshell is essential for multiple developmental events at the one-cell stage.ResultsWe show that the GLD (Germline differentiation abnormal)-1-regulated hexosamine pathway enzyme, glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA)-2, is required for synthesis of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the substrate for eggshell chitin synthesis by chitin synthase-1 (CHS-1). Furthermore, whilechs-1(RNAi)or combined RNAi with the chitin-binding proteins, CEJ-1 and B0280.5, does not interfere with normal meiotic timing, lagging chromosomes are observed at meiosis, and polar-body extrusion fails. We also demonstrate that chitin, and either CEJ-1 or B0280.5, are essential for the osmotic/permeability barrier and for movement of the sperm pronucleus/centrosome complex to the cortex, which is associated with the initiation of polarization.ConclusionOur results indicate that the eggshell is required in single-cellC. elegansdevelopment, playing an essential role in multiple actin-dependent early events. Furthermore, the earliest meiotic roles precede osmotic barrier formation, indicating that the role of the eggshell is not limited to generation of the osmotic barrier.
Adhesives in larynx repair
Authors: Lyons Michael B. , Lyons George D. , Webster Douglas , Wheeler Valerie R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGuinea pig laryngeal fractures were used as a model to compare the ease of application and effectiveness of the fibrinogen‐adhesive system with the case of application and effectiveness of cyanoacrylate glue and control fractures stinted with contralateral gelatin film. Seven fibrin adhesive‐treated and two cyanoacrylate glue‐treated guinea pigs were perfused after 60 and 35 days, respectively. The larynges were serial sectioned, and the wound sites were compared. The fibrinogen adhesive system was easier to dispense than cyanoacrylate glue, did not require a completely dry surface, and stabilized within 3 minutes. Cartilage segment alignment with focal, complete fracture healing and symmetrical chondrocyte proliferation were seen in fibrogen adhesive‐stinted larynges. In the cyanoacrylate glue‐treated larynges, there was no alignment and minimal, asymmetrical chondrocyte proliferation. Gelatin film‐stinted controls exhibited similar features. Thus, fibrogen adhesive was easier to apply and more effectively bound laryngeal fractures than cyanoacrylate glue or gelatin film.
Temporal bone histopathology in chronically infected ears with intact and perforated tympanic membranes
Authors: Da Costa Sady S. , Paparella Michael M. , Schachern Patricia A. , Yoon Tae H. , Kimberley Barry P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic suppurative otitis media has been clinically defined as a chronic discharge from the middle ear in the presence of a perforation of the tympanic membrane. However, irreversible tissue pathology in the middle ear or mastoid can occur behind an intact tympanic membrane. One hundred forty‐four human temporal bones with chronic otitis media were divided into two groups: those with perforated (28) and those with nonperforated (116) tympanic membranes. The histopathological findings of their middle ears were compared.Granulation tissue in various degrees was the most prominent pathological feature. It was observed in 96% of temporal bones with perforation of the tympanic membrane, and in 97% of those without perforation. Also found were ossicular bony changes (96% with perforation; 90.5% without), middle ear effusion (93% with perforation; 89% without), cholesterol granuloma (21% with perforation; 12% without), cholesteatoma (36% with perforation; 4% without), and tympanosclerosis (43% with perforation; 20% without).This study shows that the histopathological changes of the middle ear are similar in temporal bones with and without perforation of the tympanic membrane. The clinician should, therefore, be aware that an intact tympanic membrane does not necessarily preclude the presence of gross pathological changes of the middle ear cleft.
Evaluation of potential gene–gene interactions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Qian Qiujin , Wang Yufeng , Li Jun , Yang Li , Wang Bing , Zhou Rulun , Glatt Stephen J. , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic disorder produced by the interaction of several genes with minor effects. To explore potential gene–gene interactions among candidate genes for ADHD, we studied the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), dopamine transporter (DAT1), and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) genes in the Han Chinese population. A sample of 340 children with ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM‐IV criteria. We also recruited 226 unrelated controls. Identified polymorphisms included a 48‐base‐pair‐repeat in Exon 3 of DRD4, a 40‐base‐pair‐repeat in the 3′ untranslated region of DAT1, a restriction‐fragment‐length polymorphism at codon 158 of COMT, and a −241A > G transition in the promoter of DRD2. Associations of polymorphisms with ADHD and its subtypes were examined by comparing allele frequencies between probands and controls. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the potential gene–gene interactions. Binary logistic regression analysis with the sample of refined phenotypes showed that male gender and long‐repeat genotypes of DRD4 and DAT1 were independent risk factors for ADHD. We found no evidence for gene–gene interactions among the candidate genes studied. The present study suggests that dopamine candidate genes are associated with increased vulnerability to ADHD in the Han Chinese population. Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nachweis und Gehaltsbestimmung von Gyromitrin in frischen Lorcheln 19. Mitt. über Pilzinhaltsstoffe
Authors: List P. H. , Luft P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn frischen Frühjahrslorcheln konnte Gyromitrin als genuiner Inhaltsstoff nachgewiesen werden. Die quantitative Bestimmung ergab 1200 bis 1600 mg Gyromitrin pro kg Frischpilz.
NMR‐Spektroskopische Untersuchungen über die Ringinversion von 1,3‐Dihydro‐5‐phenyl‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐onderivaten
Authors: Sadée W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie NMR‐Spektren einiger Benzodiazepinderivate wurden aufgenommen und die Konformationen dieser Stoffklasse diskutiert. Es wurden verschiedene Substituenten in das Ringgerüst eingeführt und der Einfluß auf die Geschwindigkeit der Ringinversion untersucht.
Dihydroisochinolin‐Umlagerung 8. Mitt.: Zum Mechanismus der Umlagerung tertiärer 1,2‐Dihydroisochinoline
Authors: Knabe J. , Powilleit H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBei der Umlagerung des optisch aktiven Dihydroisochinolins IX mit dem Chiralitätszentrum im C‐1‐Substituenten entsteht racem. X.
Zusammensetzung des ätherischen Öls von Melissa officinalis L. und sekundäre Veränderungen der Ölkomposition
Authors: Hefendehl F. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie qualitative und quantitative Zusammensetzung des genuinen ätherischen Öls von Melissa officinalis L. wurde chromatographisch bestimmt; die durch Umlagerung von Citronellal entstandenen Artefakte wurden identifiziert. Die Beobachtung des Öls während der Ontogenese zeigt starke Verschiebungen in der quantitativen Zusammensetzung, wobei Substanzen mit geringerem Hydrierungsgrad in jüngeren Pflanzenteilen vorherrschen.
Apigenin‐5‐methyläther, ein neues Flavon aus Thevetia peruviana
Authors: Voigtländer H.‐W. , Balsam G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus Samen von Thevetia peruviana wurde ein Flavon isoliert, bei dem es sich um den bisher nicht bekannten Apigenin‐5‐methyläther handelt. Dieses „Thevetiaflavon”︁ ist in der Droge nicht mit Zuckern verknüpft, sondern liegt frei vor.
Synthese und lokalanästhetische Wirkung von N‐Piperidino‐methyl‐4‐alkoxybenzamiden
Authors: Schönenberger H. , Bindl L. , Petter A. , Zwez W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractN‐Piperidinomethyl‐4‐alkoxybenzamide führen zu einer Hemmung der Reizleitung im Ventrikelstreifen des Froschherzens. Das Wirkungsoptimum liegt bei N‐Piperidinomethyl‐4‐butoxybenzamid. Im Vergleich zu Falicain® ist die Wirkung der entsprechenden N‐analogen Verbindung, N‐Piperidinomethyl‐4‐propoxybenzamid, verringert. Die verschiedenen Wirkungsstärken werden auf Unterschiede in den physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften und im räumlichen Bau der Isostere zurückgeführt.
Desthio‐6‐aminopenicillansäure und 2‐Keto‐3‐isopropylpiperazincarbonsäure‐(6). Kondensierte Azetidinone‐(2). 6. Mitt
Authors: Moll F. , Hannig M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Hydrogenolyse der 6‐Aminopenicillansäure mit Raney‐Nickel führt zu zwei isomeren Verbindungen, der Desthio‐6‐aminopenicillansäure (2) und der 2‐Keto‐3‐isopropylpiperazincarbonsäure‐(6) (3). Durch spektroskopische Untersuchungen und chemische Umsetzungen konnte der Reaktionsverlauf geklärt werden.