bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for Testicular Biopsy or Exploration in Azoospermia
Authors: PRYOR J. P. , CAMERON K. M. , COLLINS W. P. , COLLINS W. P. , HIRSH A. V. , MAHONY J. D. H. , PUGH R. C. B. , FITZPATRICK J. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Investigation of 311 azoospermic males has shown that the combination of estimation of testicular size and plasma FSH allows the spermatogenic funciton of th testes to be accurately assessed by non‐invasive method.Patients with small testes and grossly elevated levels of plasma FSH have absent, or grossly impaired spermatogenesis, and do not require surgical exploraion. They should be advised with regard to adoption or artificial inseminaition.Patients with large testes (5 cm) or an FSH level which is not grossly elevated require operation and should undergo a surgical exploration and the possible corretion of an obstructive lesion. A testicular biopsy is essential if no obstructive lesion is found as the histology of these patients may show a spermatolgenic arrest.
Leukaemic Infiltration of the Prostate
Authors: MERIMSKY E. , BARATZ M. , KAHN Y. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— A biopsy of the prostate should be done in lymphoma/leukaemic patients suffering from urinary obstruction. Patients with a lymphomatous infiltration of the prostate should be irradiated and not subjected to surgery.Two such cases successfully irradiated are described and the present literature is reviewed.
Pre‐operative Bladder Irrigation with Povidone‐iodine
Authors: MERIMSKY E. , WERBIN N. , CANETTI R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The effectiveness of pre‐operative disinfection of the bladder by irrigation with povidone‐iodine was assessed in 40 patients with indwelling catheters who underwent transvesical prostatectomy.The results were encouraging: in 75% of the cases sterilisation of the urine was achieved and in 1 2.5% counts were <105organisms/ml.
The Natural History of Untreated “Prostatism”
Authors: BALL A. J. , FENELEY R. C. L. , ABRAMS P. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred and seven patients with symptoms of prostatic obstruction in whom prostatectomy was not clinically indicated were reviewed after an interval of 5 years. Ten had subsequently required surgery and 97 remained untreated.In the majority, symptoms did not worsen and only 2 developed acute retention. Urodynamic studies, where repeated, showed little change.Although there was no certain indicator of progression, a flow rate measurement could identify the patients at risk of clinical deterioration sufficient to require surgery.
Bladder Neck Incision in the Female: a Hazardous Procedure?
Authors: DELAERE K. P. J. , DEBRUYNE F. M. J. , MOONEN W. A. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— Anterior bladder neck incision was carried out in 32 female patients suffering from difficult, mostly incomplete, bladder emptying. All patients underwent a full urodynamic investigation with voiding cystourethrography and endoscopy. Detrusor failure was observed in 20 patients; in the remainder, a mechanical iatrogenic bladder neck obstruction was held responsible for inefficient voiding. Twenty‐eight patients (56%) benefited in some degree from the procedure. Six were submitted to a repeat incision and two of them developed severe stress incontinence later on. As the results are far from promising, intermittent self‐catheterisation may be proposed in some cases as an alternative to bladder neck incision for fear of incontinence.The urodynamic findings and the results of bladder neck incision, which are very different in the two sexes, are analysed. The poorer results in the female are presumably due to the decompensated state of the bladder, mostly responsible for incomplete bladder evacuation.
Emepronium Bromide and Flavoxate Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence Associated with Detrusor Instability n Elderly Women
Authors: ROBINSON J. M. , BROCKLEHURST J. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A 4–week randomised, double‐blind, cross‐over study is described which compared the effects of a combination of emepronium bromide and flavoxate hydrochloride with placebo on incontinence and cystometrogram findings in 20 female patients aged 59 to 88 years. All patients initially had detrusor instability demonstrated on cystometrography: 14 patients completed the study; on placebo 10 still had unstable bladders and on active drugs seven were unstable. The number of wettings over a 48–h period before the study commenced and at the end of each course of tablets showed no significant differences; also the patients' opinions about the effect on their incontinence indicated that the majority had the same opinion of each course.Active drugs significantly increased residual urine but did not significantly alter the values obtained for maximum cystometric capacity or effective cystometric capacity (the latter volume being maximum cystometric capacity minus the residual urine). No correlation was found, on either course of treatment, between the change to detrusor stability and the amount of improvement in incontinence. Some side effects are described.Despite evidence of a pharmacological effect on the bladder and patients' opinions tending to favour the active combination, nonetheless the main results of this small study do not suggest that the combination of emepronium bromide and flavoxate hydrochloride is an effective treatment of urinary incontinence associated with detrusor instability in elderly women.
Prognostic Validity of the Specific Red Cell Adherence Test in Upper Urothelial Tumours
Authors: GHAZIZADEH M. , NUMATA A. , KAGAWA S. , FUJIMURA N. , KUROKAWA K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test for blood group antigens was used in 32 patients with upper urinary tract tumours to determine whether their survival could be predicted by this test. The SRCA results correlated well with survival in each grade and stage of the tumours. Overall, patients with positive tests showed a significantly higher 5–year survival rate than those with negative tests (87.2%YS. 24.6%).These findings add support to the prognostic importance of this test in upper urinary tract tumours.
Vesicoureteric Reflux in Patients with Bladder Tumours
Authors: AMAR A. D. , DAS S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In the course of treatment of 224 patients with bladder neoplasms over an 18–year period, 44 patients were noted to have associated vesicoureteric reflux, bilateral in 12 and unilateral in 32. Reflux was suspected in 8 patients because of associated ureterotrigonal abnormalities such as paraureteric diverticulum, complete duplication of the ureter and gaping ureteric orifice, and it was diagnosed by micturating cystography obtained before the bladder tumour was treated. In the remaining 36 patients reflux developed after treatment of the bladder tumours.In most patients with reflux the clinical course was benign, but it caused recurrent pyelonephritis in 9 cases and secondary struvite calculi in 2. Five patients had antirefluxing ureteric reimplantation to control episodes of recurrent pyelonephritis. The pathogenesis and implications of vesicoureteric reflux in association with bladder tumours are discussed.
Urinary Carcinoembryogenic Antigen (CEA) in the Diagnosis and Follow‐up of Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: TAILLY G. , CORNELISSEN M. , VEREECKEN R. L. , VERDUYN H. , DEVOS P. , DEROO M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The level of urinary carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) was evaluated in the diagnosis and follow‐up of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.Urinary CEA concentration, cystoscopic findings and the histopathology of an eventually resected bladder tumour were correlated in 177 cases. The sensitivity proved to be 34%, the specificity 82%. Possible correlations with sex, infection, primary tumour or recurrence, differentiation and invasion of an eventually resected tumour and influence of adjuvant therapy were also evaluated.A comparison was made with the results of other authors and different factors which may influence urinary CEA levels are discussed.
Bone Marrow Aspiration Biopsy and Bone Scanning in the Staging of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: VARENHORST E. , ÅLUND G. , LINDSTRÖM E. , MÅNSON J. Ch. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Random bone marrow aspiration biopsies of iliac crests and bone scans/skeletal X‐rays were evaluated in 163 new cases of carcinoma of the prostate in order to assess the incidence of bone metastases and to compare the sensitivity of these two methods.Bone marrow biopsy revealed cancer cells in 18.4% of all cases. The detection rate of skeletal metastases of bone scan/skeletal X‐ray was 32.5%. In this series all patients with positive biopsies had also positive scans. The superior sensitivity of bone scans compared with bone marrow biopsies in detecting metastatic spread of prostatic cancer is shown.
Further Experience of Free Muscle Transplantation in Children with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: GIERUP H. J. W. , HAKELIUS L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sixteen patients, 10 boys and 6 girls with severe urinary incontinence due to congenital malformations, were treated by free autogenous muscle transplantation. The mean follow‐up period was 2.3 years. In 10 patients the results were good, implying increase in functional bladder capacity and abandoning of napkins during the day. Two patients were improved and 4 were failures. The earliest signs of improvement appeared 2 to 6 months after surgery. Most patients showed further improvement for at least 2 years post‐operatively.Cine studies of micturition clearly showed activity of the transplant, most patients with good results being able to interrupt completely the urinary stream at will. Seven patients exhibited normal urinary flow post‐operatively. In 5 patients the maximal urinary flow was around the lower normal limit, in two because of detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia. In boys, erection was unimpaired post‐operatively. The prognosis seems to be better in girls than in boys, especially when comparing cases of epispadias. Patients with no sign of improvement during the first 6 months post‐operatively had a poor prognosis. A relatively large bladder capacity before operation is advantageous, but not a prerequisite for continence, as bladder capacity can develop after transplantation. The ideal age for transplantation is 5 to 6 years.
Particulate Activity in Urine
Authors: ADAMTHWAITE D. N. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A new method of measuring urinary particulate activity is described. The analytical process, using a Coulter Counter, is designed to have minimal effect on the dynamic nature of the specimen. Emphasis is placed on conducting the analysis during the first 5 min following voiding, preventing changes in temperature and pH and avoiding any form of dilution of the specimen.Urinary particulate activity is measured by quantitatively evaluating the spontaneous changes which occur in particulate number and size. Resulting values demonstrate clearly defined differences between urine specimens which appear biochemically similar.The results are reproducible under stable conditions but are significantly altered by temperature and pH change, or dilution of the specimen. This method measures the urinary potential to form precipitates and ultimately stones, and should be included in any investigation of urinary calculus disease.
The Evaluation of Risk Factors in Male Stone‐formers Attending a Genera Hospital Out‐patient Clinic
Authors: Ryall Rosemary L. , Darroch J. N. , Marshall V. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The daily urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, glycosaminoglycans and uric acid, and the 24‐h urinary pH and volume were measured in 61 normal men and in 81 men with a history of renal stone disease. The following features of these data were noted:

No significant difference could be demonstrated between the stone‐formers and normals with respect to any of the variables measured.
The values of each of the urinary parameters were positively and significantly correlated with those of at least two other parameters in one or both subject groups.
The probability density histograms constructed from the data for each urinary variable in each subject group were unsuitable as the basis for calculation of individual relative risk factors.Thus it was concluded that the data were inappropriate for the calculation of ′overall relative probability of forming stones′ (P′SF) and that such an index is unlikely to be of use in the assessment and management of stone‐formers attending a general hospital out‐patient clinic.
Biological Behaviour and DNA Cytophotometry of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Hofstaedter F. , Jakse G. , Lederer B. , Mikuz G. , Delgado R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—
In this prospective study, primary urothelial bladder tumour specimens from 64 patients were investigated by means of DNA Feulgen cytophotometry. The patients were followed clinically for at least 7 years. The objective cytophotometric parameters correlated well with the histopathological grading and the cytochemical data were of considerable prognostic value. They were closely correlated with the stage of the tumour, 5‐ and 7‐year survival rates and the probability of tumour recurrence.It is concluded that DNA cytophotometry can serve as a method for the standardisation of histological grading and can give more objective and more detailed prognostic information than conventional histopathology.
Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) as Initial Treatment of lnvasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Fagg Sara L. , Dawson‐Edwards P. , Hughes M. A. , Latief T. N. , Rolfe E. B. , Fielding J. W. L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—
Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) was used as the initial treatment in a pilot study of 17 patients with biopsy‐proven transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. No patient had received any previous radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The clinical stages of the tumours were T2 (2 patients), T3 (13) and T4 (2).Before treatment the tumours were assessed by cystoscopy, biopsy, examination under anaesthesia (EUA), computed axial tomography (CT scan) and ultrasound. DDP was given at a dose of 100 mg/m2 intravenously with hydration using mannitol and saline. Each patient received three treatments at 3‐weekly intervals. Twelve days after the third treatment, response was assessed by cystoscopy, biopsy, EUA, CT scan and ultrasound.Eleven of the 17 patients had a partial response. Survival was significantly increased in responders compared with non‐responders. Seven patients had a low creatinine clearance following treatment, 5 had audiograms showing evidence of ototoxicity and 2 developed leucopenia during treatment.This study confirmed the activity of DDP in bladder cancer and showed that it was active in producing a response in the primary tumour in 11 of 17 patients.
A New in vitro Microsuperfusion Technique for Investigation of Human Detrusor Muscle
Authors: PALFREY E. L. H. , FRY C. H. , SHUTTLEWORTH K. E. D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— There is a paucity of information regarding the behaviour of human detrusor muscle in vitro. This is mainly due to the dependence of muscle bath techniques on large strips of material, which can be obtained only at open operations and which may not be viable because of limited diffusion of oxygen and metabolites through the tissue.We report a new technique for the in vitro study of muscle obtained during endoscopic procedures by cup biopsy. The results obtained from normal muscle show that this technique gives consistent and reproducible results.
Maximum Perineal Stimulation. A Controlled Study
Authors: SHEPHERD ANGELA M. , TRIBE ELIZABETH , BAINTON D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Previous workers have debated the value of maximal perineal stimulation (MPS) in the treatment of urinary incontinence in women. In order to assess the efficacy of this simple technique a prospective study was undertaken on 107 consecutive incontinent women. They included those with stress, urge and mixed patterns of leakage.Patients were placed at random into treatment and control groups. All underwent clinical assessment, urodynamic study and a single session of pelvic floor re‐education with measurement of pelvic contraction and cystoscopy. Those in the treatment group were given MPS using monophasic square wave pulses while under anaesthesia. Independent follow‐up assessment was performed 6 and 12 weeks after treatment.Of the 107 patients 94 completed the trial. Forty‐five were treated and 49 acted as controls. Analysis of age, parity, duration and severity of incontinence showed that randomisation had produced comparable results between the treated and the control groups. Sixty per cent of the treatment group and 66% of the control group had significant symptomatic improvement. Pelvic floor function was re‐assessed, using a perineometer, and found to be more efficient, having increased equally in both groups.Both groups of women improved irrespective of the pattern of incontinence. This suggests that MPS does not contribute to the management and that a single physiotherapy session with skilful counselling can produce beneficial results in women with all types of urinary incontinence.
Treatment of Invasive Bladder Cancer by Local Resection and High Dose Methotrexate
Authors: HALL R. R. , NEWLING D. W. W. , RAMSDEN P. D. , RICHARDS B. , ROBINSON M. R. G. , SMITH P. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifty‐seven patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, categories pT2, pT3a and pT3b, were treated by transurethral resection of the tumour mass (54 cases) or partial cystectomy (3 cases) followed by 8 doses of methotrexate 2 g i.v. every 3 weeks with appropriate Leucovorin rescue.At completion of chemotherapy 6 months after TUR 33/57 patients were tumour‐free; 5/57 had new superficial tumours; 13/57 had persistent tumour invading muscle, 3 showed tumour progression and 3 had died from treatment complications. One‐year survival was 45/57 (82%);2‐year survival was 23/39. Although some patients developed metastases and others have grown new superficial tumours, of those surviving, the bladder was free of the original invasive tumour in 38/45 (84%) at 1 year and in 19/24 (79%) at 2 years.It is concluded that transurethral resection plus high dose methotrexate may offer an effective alternative to radiotherapy or cystectomy for a significant proportion of patients with invasive bladder cancer.
Possible New Approaches to the Management of Seminoma of the Testis
Authors: OLIVER R. T. D. , HOPE‐STONE H. F. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A review of 21 newly diagnosed patients with either advanced Stage 2 or Stages 3 and 4 metastatic seminoma treated with platinum based chemotherapy regimes has demonstrated 17 long‐term disease‐free survivors (81%) compared with 10 of 18 such patients treated by radiotherapy between 1960 and 1977 (56%) and 10 of 34 treated before 1960 (29%).These results somewhat overstate the benefit of chemotherapy over radiotherapy because the incidence of seminoma as a proportion of all germ cell tumours changed, following a change in histological and radiological staging procedures during that period. However, the data presented do suggest that seminoma may be even more sensitive to chemotherapy than malignant teratoma, since 12 of the 21 patients reported received cisplatin as a single agent and 10 of these survived.These observations have lead to a re‐investigation of the relapse rate of Stage 1 seminoma in a surveillance study. To date, 10 of 11 patients observed have remained relapse‐free for a median of 11 months'follow‐up.
Family History of Renal Stones in Recurrent Stone Patients
Authors: LJUNGHALL S. , DANIELSON B. G. , FELLSTRöM B. , HOLMGREN K. , JOHANSSON G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A survey was carried out on the family history of renal stones among 380 patients in an out‐patient stone clinic, most of whom had experienced frequent recurrences.In 55.4% of patients at least one first‐degree relative had experienced renal stones. A positive family history was more common in females (64.7%) than in males (51.O%) and was particularly apparent in those who had multiple recurrences. It was also significantly more common in female patients with evidence of renal tubular defects (incomplete forms of renal tubular acidosis). Among the ordinary stone patients 18% of the fathers and 8% of the mothers had also formed renal stones. The corresponding figures for female stone patients with renal tubular defects were 40 and 33% respectively. These findings indicate that tubular dysfunction could be an inherited trait that predisposes to the formation of renal stones.Hypercalciuria or hyperuricosuria was not over‐represented among stone formers with a positive family history.
Surgical Correction of Post‐Operative Retrograde Ejaculation
Authors: RAMADAN A. E.‐S. , EL‐DEMIRY M. I. M. , RAMADAN A. E.‐D. A. E.‐S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Retrograde ejaculation is a known complication of bladder neck surgery. Revision of a bilharzial bladder neck obstruction accentuates the incidence of this complication. Some of the difficulties in the surgical correction of retrograde ejaculation are directly related to pathological changes caused by bilharziasis.In this study a new length of premontanal urethra is formed using the trigonal urothelium and the trigonal muscles with their intact sympathetic innvervation to correct retrograde ejaculation following bladder neck surgery. Normal (antegrade) ejaculation was restored in four of five men using this procedure. The physiological basis of the procedure is discussed.
Biochemical Studies in Paraplegic Renal Stone Patients. 1. Plasma Biochemistry and Urinary Calcium and Saturation
Authors: BURR R. G. , NUSEIBEH I. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Renal stone disease is a common problem in patients with spinal cord injury. The factors responsible are thought to include hypercalciuria and chronic urinary infection. There have, however, been no comparative studies of urinary composition in patients with neuropathic bladder with and without renal stone disease.Blood, 24‐h urine samples and circadian variation of urinary composition were studied in male paraplegic patients with renal stone disease accompanied by urinary infection and in similar patients without stone disease with and without urinary infection.Two categories of stone patients were recognised, according to whether or not urinary oversaturation with magnesium ammonium phosphate occurred. The urine of all stone patients was oversaturated with calcium phosphate for part of each day.Urinary calcium was elevated in 16% and plasma urate in 30% of the paraplegics studied.
Intravenous Urography as a Routine Investigation in Epididymitis
Authors: MURSHIDI M.S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—One hundred and forty‐two patients were admitted to the Jordan University Hospital with acute epididymitis between 1973 and 1983. Sixty‐five had intravenous urograms which revealed renal tuberculosis in 1 patient, renal or ureteric stones in 10, bladder neck obstruction in 3, unrelated congenital anomalies in 10 and no abnormalities in 41.Twelve patients developed epididymal abscesses.
Percutaneous Pyelolysis: a New Approach to Post‐transplant Ureteric Obstruction
Authors: LEWI H. J. E. , McMILLAN I. , BRAMWELL S. , KYLE K. F. 
Published: November 2008

Ureteric complications following renal transplantation remain a significant cause of morbidity and graft failure (Mundy et al., 1981). In ureteric obstruction, ureteropyeiostomy involving anastomosis of the recipient ureter to the donor pelvis has been used (Glass et al., 1982). Despite the low morbidity rate associated with this procedure, late stenosis at the pelviureteric anastomosis may occur.Percutaneous pyelolysis has been suggested as an alternative to surgical treatment in patients with pelviureteric obstruction (Whitfield et al., 1983; Wickham and Miller, 1983).We report a case of pelviureteric obstruction in a renal transplant recipient treated by percutaneous pyelolysis.