bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Melting Temperatures of Freeze Valve in Molten Salt Reactors using LSTM-Based Deep Learning Models
Authors: Riupassa Robi Dany , Basar Khairul , Novitrian  , Waris Abdul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The realm of molten salt reactors (MSR) presents unique challenges and opportunities in the pursuit of advancing nuclear energy technology. One pivotal aspect is the development of safety mechanisms, including freeze valves, aimed at enhancing the security and operational integrity of these reactors. Freeze valves, designed to halt the flow of molten salt in emergency scenarios, play a critical role in averting potential hazardous situations. This research paper investigates the application of deep learning models for predicting melting temperatures, leveraging time-series temperature data, specifically targeting the freeze valve technology within the context of molten salt reactors. The research methodology encompasses the creation of a synthetic dataset representative of freeze valve conditions in MSR. Each dataset entry comprises a time-series temperature profile associated with the freeze valve and its corresponding melting temperature. To capture the intricate temporal relationships inherent in these profiles, a specialized Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture, incorporating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells, is developed and trained. The model’s training is augmented by preprocessing techniques, including the normalization of time-series temperature data. Evaluation of the model’s predictive capabilities focuses on its performance in forecasting the melting temperatures of the freeze valve. Metrics such as mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are utilized to quantify the model’s accuracy and robustness. The study delves into the influence of architectural configurations, hyperparameter tuning, and dataset characteristics on the model’s predictions, shedding light on the factors that contribute to optimal predictive performance. The outcomes of this research highlight the potential of deep learning models in predicting the melting temperatures of freeze valves in the context of MSR. The developed model not only showcases an ability to anticipate impending safety-critical events but also underscores the significance of leveraging time-series temperature data to enhance the integrity of safety mechanisms in nuclear reactor systems. Ultimately, this research contributes to the pursuit of safer and more efficient nuclear energy solutions, offering valuable insights into predictive modeling techniques within the complex landscape of molten salt reactor technologies.
Neutronics Analysis of SMART Reactor Fuel Cell and Fuel Assemblies with Two Absorber Materials: Gd2O3 – UO2 and Al2O3 – B4C Using SRAC Code and JENDL 3.3 and 4.0 Data Libraries
Authors: Usman Jakaria , Waris Abdul , Pramuditya Syeilendra , Novitrian  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The SMART is a small modular nuclear reactor which has been developed by South Korea’s KAERI, utilizes 4.95% enriched uranium fuel and two types of absorber materials: Gd2O3 - UO2 and Al2O3 - B4C. This research focuses on the neutronic analysis of SMART at the fuel cell and fuel assembly levels using SRAC 2006 with JENDL 3.3 and 4.0 Nuclear Data Libraries. The study aims to compare the neutronic performance of the SMART fuel assembly using these two absorber materials. At the fuel level, three types of enrichment are considered: 2.82%, 3.25%, and 4.95%. Meanwhile, at the fuel assembly level, three types (A, B, and C) are investigated, based on the composition of fuel rods and absorber material rods. The results indicate that the SMART reactor with the KAERI design (enrichment of 4.95% and 3 types of fuel assemblies) can maintain critical conditions for 990 days (equivalent to 3 years) of operation for small modular reactor types. The two types of absorber materials are effective in absorbing excess positive reactivity from the fuel effectively. The use of absorbing materials greatly determines the neutronic characteristics and costs in the construction of nuclear reactors, It can be compared that using 2 absorbing materials can reduce the value of the effective multiplication factor and the infinitive neutron production in the core compared to using 1 absorbing material.
The Particle-Based Method Utilization on The Various Obstacles Effect to The Two-Fluids Dam Break Simulation
Authors: Huljanah Y M , Mustari A P A , Waris A , Hidayti A N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR), a prominent Generation IV reactor design, offers improved safety by eliminating graphite as a moderator and incorporating a passive safety system. Understanding the fuel salt relocation mechanism is crucial in ensuring the reactor’s safety and performance. This study presents a particle-based approach using the Semi-Implicit Moving Particle (MPS) method, which accurately represents fluid as particles carrying essential physical properties. We validate the MPS method as an alternative tool for investigating fuel salt relocation in the MSFR, comparing its results with the well-established δ-SPH method for verification. The simulations encompass scenarios with and without obstacles, involving water-PEO fluids known for their distinct densities and propensity to induce splashing phenomena. The obstacles used are made in several size variations, such as semicircular, rectangular, and triangular obstacles. The excellent alignment of MPS method results with δ-SPH method outcomes confirms its effectiveness in predicting freeze plug melting and fuel salt relocation in the MSFR, providing valuable insights into the passive safety mechanisms. This research contributes to enhancing the safety and efficiency of advanced molten salt reactor designs. Where it can be concluded that the simulation results of the MPS method are almost the same as the simulation results of the δ-SPH method.
Design study of a 450MW thermal Modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant
Authors: Ndayiragije Jean Pierre , Su’ud Zaki , Waris Abdul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Modified CANDLE (MCANDLE) burnup scheme divides the reactor core into several regions in an axial or radial direction with equal volume. It works like the CANDLE burnup scheme except that, in the CANDLE burnup scheme, the reactor core is divided into three main regions in the axial direction. Namely, spent fuel, burning region and fresh fuel region. In this study, the design of a modular modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant has been performed. One of the important roles of a modified CANDLE fast reactor is that it can utilize natural uranium as fuel without the need for enrichment or reprocessing. This type of reactor can be used, including in developing countries, without the nuclear proliferation problem. Using helium gas as a coolant gives hope for a fast reactor due to its properties, such as its less neutron absorption, less radioactive, and as helium is an inert gas, prevents chemical reactions with other materials. The study was performed on a rector with a thermal power of 450MWth. The active core was divided into ten regions with equal volume in radial directions. The refueling scheme has been optimized every ten years of burnup to obtain a good reactor design. In the beginning, the fuel was put in the first region after ten years of burnup was moved to the second region, after another ten years of burnup was moved to the third region and so on until the tenth region where the fuel gets out. The neutronic calculation has been performed using the SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code system). The collision probability method (PIJ) was employed for cell burnup calculation, and CITATION was used for the reactor core design with JENDL 4.0 as the nuclear data library.
Lawson Criterion Analysis of D-3He Fusion Reaction
Authors: Chaerani J , Husin A D , Yani S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Lawson criterion constitutes a pivotal condition for the viability of sustained fusion reactions. This study employs numerical methods and data analysis in Microsoft Excel to ascertain the Lawson criterion for D-³He fusion at temperatures ranging from 75 to 150 keV. Furthermore, the investigation examines the influence of bremsstrahlung radiation and evaluates fusion reactivity based on Hively and Bosch-Hale parameters. Hively’s reactivity value falls within the range of 1.121 × 10−22 – 6.750 × 10−22 m3/s, the instability occurs at temperatures < 100 keV. The Bosch-Hale value differs significantly from the Hively reactivity, which is 1.208 × 10−22 – 2.340 × 10−22 m3/s. The bremsstrahlung radiation within the range of 4.819 × 10−20 – 6.802 × 10−20 keV exhibits minimal impact on the reaction. The Lawson criterion value within the scope of this study typically falls within the range of 0.437 × 1021 – 1.452 × 1021 s/m3. This range signifies the necessary combination of confinement time and plasma density to facilitate the generation of clean energy within a temperature range of 75 to 150 keV, thus propelling the fusion process toward the ignition phase.
Massive Charged Fermion Emissions from Kerr – Newman – Vaidya Black Holes
Authors: Salimi Ahmad H. , Triyanta  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we consider charged fermion particle radiation around Kerr – Newman – Vaidya black holes. Using the Hamilton – Jacobi method we derived the emission probability and the temperature of the Hawking radiations. We obtained that the temperature is equal to that due to scalar particles times a factor that contains some characteristics of fermions.
Charger-Mediated Energy Transfer for Quantum Battery With Constant Time Dependent Step Function and Open System Approach
Authors: Yogantara Putu Gede Agus Krisna , Zen Freddy Permana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The energy charging of quantum battery is analysed by open quantum approach. The modelled of the charger and battery are described by harmonic oscillator model. We choose this model because the harmonic oscillator battery gives the largest maximum energy albeit having the longest maximum time. In this paper, the interaction as actual quantum system whose dynamic is determined by Lindblad Master Equation in terms of constant is a step function to set the time when energy flow and what time that energy stop to flow or the interaction between charger and battery has stopped. The energy equation was determined by solving the master equation with second order differential equation to find the first momenta from charger and battery. Based on the equation, the energy of charger will not be zero which mean after interaction in several times, the charger will not one hundred percent lose its energy when the energy storage in battery already done.
First Principle Study on Schottky Barrier at Ni/Graphene/4H-SiC Interface
Authors: Wang Congcong , Jiang Zhenyu , Huang Yingjie , Wu Siyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High stability 4H-SiC ohmic contact is currently a key technical challenge that silicon carbide devices urgently need to overcome. It is important to reduce the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at the Ni/4H-SiC interface to optimize ohmic contact. In this paper, the mechanisms of graphene layer changing Ni/4H-SiC interface Schottky barrier height (SBH) are studied based on the first-principles method within the local density approximation. Theoretical studies have shown that graphene intercalation can reduce the SBH of Ni and 4H-SiC interfaces. The reason of SBH reduction may be that the graphene C atoms saturate the dangling bonds on the 4H-SiC surface and the influence of the metal-induced energy gap state at the interface is reduced. In addition, the new phase formed at the interface of graphene and silicon carbide has a lower work function. Furthermore, an interfacial electric dipole layer may be formed at the 4H-SiC/graphene interface which may also reduce the SBH. These results make them to be promising candidates for future radiation resistant electronics.
Synthesis and Performance of HPEG-AA-AMPS-HPA Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Authors: Guo Guangming , Wu Si , Liu Guoshan , Zhang Fuyong , Wang Luyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An clay-resistance and slump-retaining polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE-RC) was synthesized using macro-monomer HPEG with different molecular weight, acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamide-2-methacrylic acid (AMPS) and 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl acrylate (HPA) via H2O2-NaHSO3 redox initiator system. Effects of the acid-ether ratio, HPEG molecular weight, the amount of AMPS and HPA on the properties of PCE-RC in cement were discussed and the optimal molar ratio of HPEG3000, AA, AMPS and HPA was 1:4.5:0.1:0.1. As-synthesized polycarboxylate superplasticizer PCE-RC was characterized by GPC and FTIR. The performance of the cement paste doped with 2.0wt% montmorillonite (MMT) and concrete with cement containing MMT were tested in the presence of PCE. Results showed that cement doped with MMT performed superior fluidity and fluidity retention with the addition of PCE-RC. Compared with commercially available superplasticizer AS-KN, PCE-RC in concrete containing MMT presented better clay resistance and slump retaining performance due to the introduction of AMPS and HPA. Herein the negative charged sulfonic groups provided by AMPS could promote more PCE-RC to adsorb on MMT surface, resulting in the decrease of intercalated PCE-RC amount, which is in favor of clay resistance. While the usage of HPA monomer is beneficial for the slump-retaining ability of PCE-RC in cement due to the introduction of ester group.
Progress of CO2 Dispersion Interferometer on EAST
Authors: Liu Y.Y. , Li W.M. , Liu H.Q. , Lian H. , Yao Y. , Zhang J.M. , Zhang Y. , Hong B. , Wang S.X. , Yang J.H. , Jie Y.X. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A CO2 Dispersion Interferometer (DI) system on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) was successfully operated, providing plasma electron density measurements. The DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3 μm CO2 laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities. This offers significant advantages, including the ability to minimize fringe jumps and insensitivity to mechanical vibrations. These characteristics are well-suited for future high-density, long-pulse plasma discharges. The DI system provides a real-time density feedback signal to the plasma control system for routine density control during long-pulse operation. Experiments with EAST demonstrated good agreement between the density obtained by the DI system and the preset densities. The DI system also exhibited stability during long-pulse discharge. Moreover, the DI system was stable during rapid density changes and high-density pellet injections. In shot No. 120594, the DI system exhibited stable density feedback during continuous projectile injection lasting over 50 seconds; the line-averaged electron density is approximately 4×1019 m-3. In contrast to the long-wavelength source interferometer, which may deflect light from the detector owing to excessive refraction angles in larger density-gradient discharges, the DI ensured accurate density measurements. The DI system on EAST is dependable for accurately measuring the electron density.
First characterization of a novel grain calorimeter: the GRAiNITA prototype
Authors: Barsuk Sergey , Bezshyyko Oleg , Boyarintseva Ianina , Boyarintsev Andrey , Breton Dominique , Chanal Hervé , Dubovik Alexander M. , Kotenko Andrii , Hull Giulia , Lefrançois Jacques , Monteil Stéphane , Schune Marie-Hélène , Semkiv Nazar , Tupitsyna Irina , Yeresko Mykhailo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A novel type of calorimeter based on grains of inorganic
scintillating crystal readout by wave length shifting fibers is
proposed. The concept and main features as well as the prototype
design are introduced and the first results obtained using cosmic
rays are presented. The number of photo-electrons generated by
cosmic rays muons in the prototype detector is estimated to be of
the order of 10000 photo-electrons per GeV, validating the concept
of this next-generation shashlik calorimeter.
A novel method for efficiently measuring the non-proportionality of scintillators between light output and alpha particle energies from 1.8 MeV to 5.2 MeV
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yoshino Masao , Nakanishi Kohei , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Kataoka Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is known that scintillators exhibit non-proportional
behavior between light output and the energy of gamma photons or
beta particles. However, the non-proportionality between light
output in scintillators and the energy of alpha particles has not
been extensively measured, likely due to the challenges associated
with preparing alpha particles with varying energies. To address
this issue, we propose a novel method to modulate the energy of
alpha particles using an americium-241 (Am-241) source covered with
different numbers of Mylar films. By irradiating various
scintillators, including GAGG, GGAG, YAP(Ce), and plastic
scintillator, with alpha particles of different energies, we
measured and evaluated the non-proportional response of these
scintillators. We then compared the measured response as a function
of incident energy to a simulation, which assumes a proportional
response to evaluate the non-proportionality. For all the
scintillators tested, non-proportionality was observed; the light
output per MeV at 1.8 MeV ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 of the values
observed at 5.2 MeV. The non-proportional response was largest
for plastic scintillator (0.60) and smallest for GAGG (0.81). We
conclude that the proposed method could be an efficient means of
measuring the non-proportionality of scintillators between light
output and alpha particle energies
Development of world famine database for 1840–2019 and risk assessment of its occurrence and severity
Authors: Funahashi Soma , Okaneya Misato , Oki Taikan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Famine still exists in this world, hindering the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2: zero hunger. The history and the mechanisms of famine have been broadly studied; however, few studies have focused on quantitative and long-term analyses of the general characteristics of famine. This study analyzes the factors influencing famine and estimates its risks. We developed a historical famine database and estimated the probability and intensity of famine through regression analysis. Herein, we identified that less food production and underdevelopment are related to famine occurrence, and famine tends to be more intense in less urbanized and dryer areas. By extrapolating the regression with future scenarios, we revealed that famine would be less likely to happen in the future mainly due to GDP growth, although conflict would be the key factor of future famine risk. This study is one of the first steps in the quantitative analysis of long-term famine risk.
Consumer resistance diminishes environmental gains of dietary change
Authors: Payró Clara , Taherzadeh Oliver , van Oorschot Mark , Koch Julia , Marselis Suzanne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The environmental gains of dietary change are often assessed in relation to average national diets, overlooking differences in individual consumption habits and people’s willingness to change. This study combines microdata on food intake and consumer behaviour to elicit the likely environmental gains of dietary shifts. We focus on the Netherlands owing to the country’s ambition to halve its dietary footprint by 2050. Linking food recall survey data from a cross-section of the population (n = 4313), life cycle inventory analysis for 220 food products, and behavioural survey data (n = 1233), we estimate the dietary footprints of consumer groups across water, land, biodiversity and greenhouse gas (GHG). We find that meat and dairy significantly contribute to the dietary GHG footprint (59%), land footprint (54%), and biodiversity footprint (59%) of all consumer groups and that male consumers impose a 30%–32% greater burden than women across these impact areas. Our scenario analysis reveals that simply replacing cow milk with soy milk could reduce the GHG, land and biodiversity footprints by ≈8% if widely adopted by the Dutch adult population. These footprints could be further reduced to ≈20% with full adoption of the EAT-Lancet diet but with a significantly increased blue water footprint. However, when incorporating gender- and age-specific willingness to reduce meat and dairy consumption, the environmental gains resulting from partial adoption of the No-Milk diet and EAT diet diminish to a mere ≈0.8% and ≈4.5%, respectively. Consequently, consumer motivation alone is insufficient to realise the significant environmental gains often promised by dietary change. Yet, substituting high-impact food products offers a near-term opportunity to accelerate a rapid sustainable dietary transition. Future studies on sustainable dietary transition must incorporate consumer behaviour to fully comprehend the lock-in of food consumption patterns and targeted policy action required to secure a sustainable food future.
Conceptual design of the tail research experiment at the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF-TREX)
Authors: XIAO 肖 Qingmei 青梅 , MAO 毛 Aohua 傲华 , HE 何 Xianglei 向磊 , ZOU 邹 Jitong 继同 , YANG 杨 Xiaoyi 肖易 , SUN 孙 Mengmeng 萌萌 , LI 李 Feng 丰 , TANG 汤 Pengfei 鹏飞 , ZHOU 周 Tianchun 田春 , WANG 王 Xiaogang 晓钢 , Team the SPERF 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF) for ground simulation of the space plasma environment is a key component of the Space Environment Simulation Research Infrastructure (SESRI), a major national science and technology infrastructure for fundamental research. It is designed to investigate outstanding issues in the space plasma environment, such as energetic particle acceleration, transport, and interaction with electromagnetic waves, as well as magnetic reconnection processes, in magnetospheric plasmas. The Tail-Research EXperiment (TREX) is part of the SPERF for laboratory studies of space physics relevant to magnetic reconnection, dipolarization and hydromagnetic wave excitation in the magnetotail. SPERF-TREX is designed to carry out three types of experiments: the tail plasmoid for magnetic reconnection, dipolarization front formation, and magnetohydrodynamic waves excited by high-speed plasma jets. In this paper, the scientific goals and three scenarios of SPERF-TREX for typical processes in space plasmas are presented, and experimental plans for SPERF-TREX are also reviewed, together with the plasma sources applied to generate the plasma with the desired parameters and various magnetic configurations.
Sounding Sense and Sensing Sound: ‘Form-Content Unity’ Revisited and Reformulated
Authors: Ives Eliza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What is poetry’s so-called ‘form-content unity’? In this paper, I argue that the idea of ‘form-content unity’, as derived from A. C. Bradley’s 1901 lecture, has been misconstrued by Peter Kivy, who believes that it is confused and vague. I argue that it has also been misconstrued, however, by the philosophers who find the idea insightful and instructive and present themselves as defending and developing it against Kivy’s criticisms. Crucially, Bradley’s argument emphasizes that hearing is necessary to any ‘poetic’ reading of a metrical poem, but this focus on sound and metre tends to be ignored. A precision of terminology—particularly a reformulation of the paraphrase ‘form-content unity’—offers an improved understanding of Bradley’s claims. The lecture, I argue, properly understood, in fact supports the call for a shift of attention away from understanding poems as ‘form-content unities’ in the philosophy of poetry.