bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine‐Related Vertigo: Diagnostic Criteria and Prophylactic Treatment
Authors: Maione Arturo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: The objective of this prospective, observational study was to evaluate the efficacy of migraine pharmacologic prophylaxis on a group of vertiginous patients considered affected by migraine‐related vertigo on the basis of precise criteria of inclusion.Methods: Fifty‐three patients affected by migraine‐related vertigo were selected from a cohort of 652 vertiginous patients referred to our Dizziness Unit from March 2001 to June 2005. Inclusion criteria were at least five vertigo attacks occurred in any period of time or dizziness and/or positional vertigo for at least 6 months; migraine, past or present, and/or a family history of migraine and/or motion intolerance; and exclusion of other causes. Patients were submitted to migraine pharmacologic prophylaxis selected on the basis of the characteristics of the patients and of the drug side effects. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated after 6 months by questionnaire divided into five outcome categories (resolution, substantial control, moderate control, minimal control, no improvement or worsening) and, for the patients with recurrent vertiginous attacks, also reporting the percentage reduction of the attack frequency.Results: Thirty‐six patients completed the study and were submitted to analysis of the results: 10 reported complete resolution of symptoms, 15 substantial control, 7 moderate control, one minimum control and 3 no improvement. Thirty‐three of them had recurrent vertigo: 19 reported complete disappearance of the attacks, 8 reduction of the frequency >50%, 5 reduction <50%, and one no reduction.Conclusions: Migraine prophylactic treatment shows encouraging results in patients with migraine‐related vertigo selected with our criteria of inclusion: 69.3% reported satisfactory control of symptoms (sum of complete resolutions and substantial controls) and 81.8% had at least a 50% reduction of the vertiginous episodes frequency.
Cartilage Regeneration in the Rabbit Nasal Septum
Authors: Kaiser Meghann L. , Karam Amir M. , Sepehr Ali , Wong Hausin , Liaw Lih‐huei L. , Vokes David E. , Wong Brian J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: Rhinoplasty frequently includes harvesting of nasal septal cartilage. The objective of this prospective basic investigation is to determine whether cartilage can regenerate after submucosal resection (SMR) of the nasal septum in the rabbit. Neocartilage formation has not heretofore been described in this model.Methods: By lateral rhinotomy, SMR was performed on 17 rabbits followed by reapproximation of the perichondrium. After 7 months, septi were fixed, sectioned, and examined histologically. Findings were photographed and data tabulated according to location and extent.Results: Sites of matrix‐secreting isogenous chondrocyte islands were identified between the perichondrial flaps of every animal, principally in the anterior inferior septum. The width of the islands averaged 190 μm, and the mean neocartilage height was found to be 840 μm. The newly formed cartilage consisted of chondrocytes within chondrons and was comparable in shape and structure to native septal cartilage.Conclusions: After SMR, rabbit cartilage tissue can regenerate and form matrix within the potential space created by surgery. The surrounding stem cell‐rich perichondrium may be the site of origin for these chondrocytes. These findings suggest that after SMR of the human nasal septum, it may be possible for new cartilage tissue to develop provided the mucosa is well approximated. This biologic effect may be enhanced by insertion of cytokine‐rich tissue scaffolds that exploit the native ability of septal perichondrium to regenerate and repair cartilage tissue.
Office Steroid Injections of the Larynx
Authors: Mortensen Melissa , Woo Peak 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: Steroid injection into the larynx has been sporadically reported as helpful in benign lesions of the larynx. Its role in laryngology remains unclear. This study reviews the indications and results of 47 steroid injections in 34 patients in an office setting.Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of 47 injections in 34 patients. Methylprednisolone acetate suspension, USP (40 mg/mL), was injected by indirect laryngoscopy under local anesthesia. Results were evaluated by stroboscopy and by perceptual evaluation of the GRABS scale before and after injection. Pre‐ versus postinjection ratings were compared by paired t test.Results: Indications for injection were: 1) postoperative scar with local stiffness (12 patients), 2) vocal nodules and polyp (18 patients), and 3) sarcoidosis/granuloma (4 patients). Steroid injections were done in professional singers instead of repeated oral administration of steroids and/or to avoid surgery in patients with polyps and cysts. Improvement was noted in 28 of 34 (82%). Eleven of the 18 patients with polyps and nodules had significant improvement and avoided surgery. Vocal fold scars improved after injection with an improved voice grade (P < .01), an improved amplitude (P < .05), and improved mucosal wave (P < .05). There were no complications. Only two patients could not tolerate office injection.Conclusion: Office steroid injections are a valuable adjunct in management of vocal fold scars, polyps, nodules, and granulomas.
Butterfly Cartilage Graft Inlay Tympanoplasty for Large Perforations
Authors: Ghanem Marcielle A. , Monroy Angelo , Alizade Farmarz S. , Nicolau Yamileth , Eavey Roland D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: Butterfly graft inlay tympanoplasty is a well‐established technique for the repair of small perforations. However, the efficacy of the technique for medium and large tympanic membrane perforations remains unknown.Study Design: Retrospective case series.Methods: Postauricular tympanoplasty and tympanomastoidectomy using a large butterfly cartilage inlay graft (>4 mm diameter to total drum replacement) were analyzed in 90 pediatric patients (99 ears).Results: Patient ages ranged from 2 to 20 years; mean follow‐up duration was 27.6 months. Successful closure occurred in 92% of the ears. No graft lateralized nor displaced into the middle ear. No retraction pocket occurred during the follow‐up period. In 62 cases, intact canal wall or canal wall window tympanomastoidectomy was performed; Fifty‐one (82.2%) of the patients having mastoidectomy procedures had chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. The mean preoperative to postoperative four‐tone air‐bone gap improved from 23 to 21 dB; the number of patients with 0 to 10 dB hearing results increased from 16 ears preoperatively to 32 ears postoperatively. Postoperative suboptimal results included eight patients with postoperative perforations in the residual tympanic membrane adjacent to an intact cartilage graft; two of these patients were the only individuals who exhibited otorrhea.Conclusions: Cartilage butterfly graft inlay tympanoplasty is effective in the vast majority of patients with moderate to large perforations. The closure rate exceeded 90% with no graft displacement, postoperative adverse events were respectably low, and hearing results improved or remained stable despite the need for concurrent mastoidectomy in the majority of patients.
Clinical Implementation of Endoscopic Thyroidectomy in Selected Patients
Authors: Terris David J. , Chin Edward 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectives: Systematic investigation of minimal access thyroid compartment surgery combined with the advent of several key new technologies has culminated in the implementation of endoscopic thyroidectomy in specific clinical situations.Study Design: The authors conducted a prospective, nonrandomized analysis of a consecutive cohort of surgical patients from the Medical College of Georgia Thyroid Center.Methods and Materials: A series of patients meeting specific criteria underwent thyroid surgery with the intention of performing endoscopic thyroidectomy. Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected and included age, gender, indications for surgery, length of incision, need for conversion, and pathology.Results. Thirty‐five patients successfully underwent 36 endoscopic thyroidectomies between February 2005 and March 2006 (representing 28.8% of the 125 thyroidectomies done during that period of time). There were 32 females and three males with a mean age of 45.3 ± 13.9 years. There were five total thyroidectomies and 31 hemithyroidectomies. The mean incision length was 24.2 ± 0.5 mm. There were no cases of permanent hypocalcemia or recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Factors that increased the difficulty of endoscopic surgery included obesity, the presence of thyroiditis, and nodules >2.5 cm.Conclusions: The combination of new technology and careful experimental investigation has spawned a new era of thyroidectomy in which definitive management of thyroid pathology may be accomplished through an incision of <1 inch. This approach is feasible in the hands of surgeons with high‐volume thyroidectomy practices who are comfortable with endoscopic principles. The cosmetic advantages are self‐evident.
Clinical Significance of Results from Olfactory Testing
Authors: Gudziol Volker , Lötsch Jörn , Hähner Antje , Zahnert Thomas , Hummel Thomas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground: Although widely used in healthy subjects and patients with olfactory loss, the significance of changes of scores from validated olfactory tests is unknown.Aim and Methods: The aim of the present study was to relate the self‐assigned changes of olfactory function in terms of “better,” “unchanged,” and “worse” in patients with smell disorders with the results from olfactory testing by means of a validated test set. Olfactory function of 83 anosmic or hyposmic patients (40 women, 43 men; age 12–84 yr) was tested on two occasions (mean interval 136 days, minimum 7 days, maximum 6.7 yr). Olfactory function was assessed using a validated technique (“Sniffin' Sticks”). This test consists of three subtests, one for odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and odor identification (I), with possible results ranging up to 16 points each. From the sum of the results from the three subtests a composite “TDI” score was obtained.Results: Forty‐four patients indicated an improvement of olfactory function, whereas 39 patients reported no change. No subject reported deterioration of olfactory sensitivity. Subjects assigned to group BETTER had higher TDI scores in the second olfactory tests than subjects assigned to the group UNCHANGED, both in absolute terms and as compared with the first olfactory test (effect “test occasion” by “self‐assessed improvement,” P < .001). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to age and sex (P = .99 and .84, respectively). Logistic regression showed that more than 60% of the subjects reported an improvement of olfactory sensitivity when the TDI score increased by 5.5 points.Conclusion: We show that there is a statistically significant relation between measured and perceived improvement of olfactory function in patients who first presented with the diagnosis of anosmia or hyposmia. The results indicate that improved olfactory function in patients with olfactory deficiency is perceived as such in everyday life and is quantitatively related to an improvement in the composite TDI score of the “Sniffin' Sticks” olfactory test battery. This is the basis for the application of a specific therapy for olfactory loss because of a possible gain in quality of life for the patients.
A Novel Reconstructive Technique After Endoscopic Expanded Endonasal Approaches: Vascular Pedicle Nasoseptal Flap
Authors: Hadad Gustavo , Bassagasteguy Luis , Carrau Ricardo L. , Mataza Juan C. , Kassam Amin , Snyderman Carl H. , Mintz Arlan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground: In patients with large dural defects of the anterior and ventral skull base after endonasal skull base surgery, there is a significant risk of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after reconstruction. Reconstruction with vascularized tissue is desirable to facilitate rapid healing, especially in irradiated patients.Methods: We developed a neurovascular pedicled flap of the nasal septum mucoperiosteum and mucoperichondrium based on the nasoseptal artery, a branch of the posterior septal artery (Hadad‐Bassagasteguy flap [HBF]). A retrospective review of patients undergoing endonasal skull base surgery at the University of Rosario, Argentina, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center was performed to identify patients who were reconstructed with a vascularized septal mucosal flap.Results: Forty‐three patients undergoing endonasal cranial base surgery were repaired with the septal mucosal flap. Two patients with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks (5%) were successfully treated with focal fat grafts. We encountered no infectious or wound complications in this series of patients. One patient experienced a posterior nose bleed from the posterior nasal artery. This was controlled with electrocautery and the flap blood supply was preserved.Conclusion: The HBF is a versatile and reliable reconstructive technique for defects of the anterior, middle, clival, and parasellar skull base. Its use has resulted in a sharp decrease in the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks after endonasal skull base surgery and is recommended for the reconstruction of large dural defects and when postoperative radiation therapy is anticipated.
Radiofrequency Tongue Reduction Through a Cervical Approach: A Pilot Study
Authors: Blumen Marc B. , Coquille François , Rocchicioli Catherine , Mellot François , Chabolle Frédéric 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of radiofrequency tongue base reduction through a cervical approach in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Methods: Patients with moderate to severe OSAS and predominant tongue base obstruction by physical examination were included at our institution from 1999 to 2003. A sonogram was obtained to identify the lingual arteries, and an electrode was inserted through the neck and into the tongue under fluoroscopic guidance. Adverse events were recorded as well as efficacy on snoring (visual analog scale), daytime sleepiness (Epworth score), and polysomnography.Results: The 10 patients received a mean of 14,288 ± 3,251 J per session. No cases of tongue palsy or infection occurred. During the first 7 days, mean pain score (0–10 scale) was 1.3 ± 1.5. Snoring volume (0–10 scale) decreased from 6.2 ± 2.3 to 3.9 ± 2.6 (P = .017) and sleepiness (0–24 scale) from 8.7 ± 5.6 to 4.7 ± 3.3 (P = .011). The respiratory disturbance index (events/hour) decreased from 52.0 ± 19.6 to 33.6 ± 24.4 (P = .016). Mean minimal oxygen saturation (%) increased from 64.2 ± 13.0 to 75.8 ± 10.3 (P = .003). Sleep architecture improved although not significantly.Conclusion: Radiofrequency tongue base reduction through a cervical approach proved feasible and safe despite the large energy doses used. Fluoroscopic guidance enables to place the electrode at the desired site of treatment. Although OSAS improved in nine of 10 patients, greater efficacy might be achieved in patients with less severe OSAS at baseline. Studies are needed to correlate objective clinical efficacy with the dose per lesion site and the number of lesion sites per session.
Pediatric Tonsillotomy with Radiofrequency Technique: Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Ericsson Elisabeth , Graf Jonas , Hultcrantz Elisabeth 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectives: Compare the effects of partial tonsil resection using a radiofrequency technique, tonsillotomy (TT), with total tonsillectomy (TE, blunt dissection) after 1 and 3 years. Compare frequency of relapse in snoring or infections and possible long‐term changes in behavior among TT children with those in TE children.Method: Ninety‐two children (5–15 yr) randomized to TT (n = 49) or TE (n = 43) groups because of obstructive problems with or without recurrent tonsillitis. One year after surgery, general health, degree of obstruction, history of infections, and behavior were investigated using two questionnaires, the Qu1 and Child Behavior Checklist, as well as an ENT visit. After 3 years, two questionnaires, Qu2 and the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory, were answered by mail.Results: After 1 year, both groups were in good health. The effect on snoring and total behavior was the same for both groups, and the rate of recurrence of infections was not higher in the TT group. After 3 years, two children in the TT group were tonsillectomized (4%, 2/49), one because of peritonsillitis and another because of increased snoring. Otherwise, no differences existed between the groups in general health, snoring, or number of infections.Conclusion: Removing only the protruding parts of the tonsils has the same beneficial long‐term effect on obstructive symptoms and recurrent throat infections as complete TE in the majority of cases. The need for re‐operation is low; therefore, it appears inadvisable to follow the current common practice of routinely removing the whole tonsil given its higher morbidity and risk for serious complications.
Researches on optimization of micro‐core attitude parameters
Authors: Jie Sun , Yang Zhao , Zhaowei Sun , Nan An 
Published: September 2006

PurposeTo provide a new method to determine parameters of the attitude determination system facing micro‐core.Design/methodology/approachTake example for attitude determination systems based on star‐sensor and fiber‐optic gyroscope combination and only based on star‐sensor. The optimum parameters of sensors are obtained by setting up of optimization design model of the attitude determination system adopting genetic algorithm.FindingsPut forward a new concept of micro‐core aiming at a micro satellite. Further aiming at micro‐core, a new method which differs from traditional satellite design methods is adopted in this paper. The method proposed in this paper is instructive to the design of future micro satellites.Research limitations/implicationsThe method proposed in this paper only applied to attitude determination system. With the development of this method, it is hoped that the method can apply to other systems of a micro satellite.Practical implicationsThe method proposed in this paper is instructive to the engineering design of a micro satellite.Originality/valuePut forward a new concept of micro‐core, and aiming at its design a new method is proposed to design the attitude determination system by adopting genetic algorithm. The method is different from traditional satellite design methods.
Design of a supervisory controller for CLOS guidance with lead angle
Authors: Nobahari Hadi , Alasty Aria , Pourtakdoust Seid H. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a supervisory command‐to‐line‐of‐sight guidance law with lead angle which keeps the missile flight within the tracking beam.Design/methodology/approachA nonlinear supervisory controller is designed and coupled with the main sliding mode controller in the form of an additional control signal. The supervisory control signal is activated when the beam angle constraint goes to be violated. Initially a supervisory controller is designed using nonlinear control theory. Subsequently the main tracking controller is designed using sliding mode approach which forces the missile to fly along the desired line‐of‐sight. The stability of the supervisory controller coupled with the main controller is proved in the Lyapunov sense.FindingsThere exists a major drawback with the lead angle method of guidance, which is a high probability of flying out of the beam. The proposed supervisory controller has successfully overcome this deficiency. Thus, a better performance has been achieved.Practical implicationsThe proposed guidance scheme can be applied to tactical surface to air missiles. Additionally the idea of supervisory controller can be applied to any similar control problem where there are some constrains over the states of the system.Originality/valueThe idea of supervisory controller has not been applied to the problem of command‐to‐line‐of‐sight guidance law. This paper utilizes and extends the idea of supervisory controller design to cases when a special state is to be supervised while considering the effect of external disturbances.
Simple autopilot design procedure based on a factorization approach
Authors: Nassirharand Amir , Hosain Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply a factorization‐based control system design procedure to design of auto‐pilot systems.Design/methodology/approachThe design approach is based on a previously developed factorization‐based control system design procedure. The design approach requires a stable coprime factorization of the plant, a set of stable coprime factors that are solutions to the Bezout identity, the linear model of a desired response, and the desired frequency range of interest. When all this information is provided, the developed automated software outputs a candidate auto‐pilot whose performance should be verified.FindingsFor a specific class of aerospace vehicles, it is found that the described factorization‐based auto‐pilot design procedure may replace the presently complicated auto‐pilot design procedures. The final design is simpler than other techniques that are based on classical, robust, adaptive, QFT, gain scheduling, or interpolation techniques, and the total required man hours for the design loop is less than the mentioned alternative approaches.Research limitations/implicationsThere are two basic limitations – time variations of plant parameters must not be very large as is the case with the agile aerospace vehicles, and specification of the desired closed‐loop system behavior is not systematic.Practical implicationsThe major outcome of this research is that complicated autopilots of a class of aerospace vehicles may be replaced by simpler systems with competitive performance.Originality/valueThis is the first paper in the area of autopilot design that is based on the application of a simple factorization‐based design procedure.
Food safety management in broiler meat production
Authors: Manning L. , Baines R.N. , Chadd S.A. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeEnsuring compliance with food safety legislation and market requirements is one of the key issues facing the poultry meat industry. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how a pre‐requisite programme (PRP) and key performance indicators for food safety can be developed in the poultry meat supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThe first stage of the research involved an examination of literature, which was conducted using desk research. The second stage includes a discussion on food safety management systems in primary production and the development of food safety plans with an associated PRP.FindingsEffective food safety management systems in primary production are critical to supplying food which is safe and wholesome. In order to manage food safety effectively measurable indicators of performance should be developed. These will provide data on the suitability of the food for sale, the effectiveness of the food safety management system and any potential areas of weakness which in turn will drive continuous improvement.Originality/valueThis study is of benefit to the broiler industry in the further development of quality assurance standards and business improvement models.