bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered precarity in Saudi Arabia: Examining the state policies and patriarchal culture in the labor market
Authors: Aldossari Maryam , Chaudhry Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores the intersection of state‐driven policies, patriarchal culture, and gender precarity in the Saudi Arabian retail sector, drawing on twenty‐six in‐depth interviews with employees and other stakeholders. We offer a comprehensive understanding of the multi‐layered nature of precarity, focusing on the role of the patriarchal state and culture in perpetuating gender inequalities and shaping individuals' subjective experiences of precarity against the backdrop of structural precarity. For Saudi men, state‐driven policies exacerbate job insecurity and challenge traditional family ideology and the breadwinner model. However, Saudi women faced socio‐economic vulnerability and organisational neglect, leading to underreporting of sexual harassment and limited protests against it. This antagonistic interplay of state policies and entrenched socio‐religious norms creates both structural and subjective precarity in workplaces. Our study highlights the complexities in addressing gender disparities, emphasizing the intersectionality of gender, religiosity, and power relations. It contributes to understanding gender dynamics in Saudi Arabia by illustrating how state policies and patriarchal culture shape both structural and subjective forms of precarity and emphasizes the importance of fostering feminist consciousness amongst women as part of a broader strategy for addressing gender inequalities.
The impact of geopolitics on international student mobility: The Chinese students' perspective
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Shen Wenqin , Gu Feifei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the last few years, international student mobility has been disrupted not only by the global health crisis resulting from the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic but also adversely affected by the rise of geopolitics. The worsening relationship between China and its western counterparts led by the United States and its allies has significantly influenced students' motivation and plan for overseas education. Based upon interviews with 75 students from leading universities in mainland China, this article examines how Chinese elite students evaluate the impact of the new geopolitics on their overseas study plans and opportunities. The study found that, due to the influence of scientific internationalism ideas and institutional habitus, interviewees underestimated the impact of geopolitical factors. Furthermore, unpleasant environmental factors (such as racial discrimination) caused by geopolitical changes are tolerable because most of the interviewees plan to return China after studying abroad. On the other hand, deterioration of Sino‐US relations has substantially affected Chinese students' international mobility. Many interviewees, especially those majoring in science and engineering, were unable to obtain visas. Some of them gave up their study abroad plans, while others transferred to other study abroad destination countries such as the United Kingdom and Singapore. We also find that the perception of the power shift in the field of higher education shapes the students' decision making. This article critically reflects upon the international student mobility from the broader political economy perspective, discussing policy implications for future international education.
How framing impacts attitudes about electoral rights for non‐resident citizens
Authors: Himmelroos Staffan , Lafleur Jean‐Michel , Lesinska Magdalena , Lisi Marco , Peltoniemi Johanna , Reidy Theresa , Vintila Daniela , von Schoultz Åsa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWidespread adoption of policies granting electoral rights to citizens living abroad has spurred vivid scholarly debates regarding the drivers and consequences of extra‐territorial enfranchisement. But, little is known about the views of resident citizens in origin countries on the matter. We address this research gap and investigate how resident citizens' attitudes to external voting rights are affected by different arguments usually salient in homeland political debates. The study draws on an original survey experiment conducted across five countries (Belgium, Finland, Poland, Portugal and Ireland) with different external voting regulations. Our results show that utilitarian arguments on the costs and benefits of extra‐territorial enfranchisement are persuasively shaping public support for the voting rights of nationals living abroad. They further suggest that resident citizens in origin countries that already grant extensive political rights to non‐resident nationals are more receptive to moral arguments of democratic inclusion regarding the recognition of such entitlements.
Meta‐analysis of the influence of tracheal intubation with cuff and without cuff on the incidence of total wound complications in ICU intubation patients
Authors: Jiang Bingyu , Wang Yupeng , He Xiaoyan , Zhang Lele , Fu Shangpeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAt present, it is still controversial whether patients in intensive care unit (ICU) use tracheal intubation with or without cuff. This paper evaluates the effect of tracheal intubation with and without cuff on overall complication rate of patients with intubation in ICU. The database of PubMed, Embase, Conchrane Library and Web of Science was searched by computer, and the clinical research on intubation with and without cuff in ICU was collected. The time range was from the database establishment to November 2023. Literature was independently screened, information was extracted, and quality was assessed by two researchers. Finally, there were nine studies included, with 11 068 patients (7391 in cuff group and 3677 in non‐cuff group). The results showed that the overall complication rate of cuff group was significantly lower than that of non‐cuff group, and that of cuff group (RR = 0.53, p < 0.01). In addition, compared with the non‐cuff group, the cuff group had a lower number of tracheal intubation changes [RR = 0.05, p < 0.01] and a lower incidence of aspiration pneumonia (RR = 0.45, p = 0.01). Compared with the non‐cuff group, the cuff group had a higher incidence of oral mucosal ulcers and pharyngitis (RR = 1.99, p = 0.04), while the cuff group had a lower incidence of laryngeal edema (RR = 0.39, p < 0.01). In ICU intubation patients, the use of cuffs reduces overall complication rate in comparison to patients without cuffs. Therefore, patients with intubation in ICU can recommend tracheal intubation with cuff.
Examining the relationship between nutritional status and wound healing in head and neck cancer treatment: A focus on malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies
Authors: Chen Yajun , Li Yuying , Ceng Yaqi , Li Chunlei , Li Yueying , Wang Yujie , Wang Kun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe research was conducted to examine the correlation between nutritional status and wound healing in individuals who were receiving treatment for head and neck cancer. Specifically, this study sought to identify crucial nutritional factors that influenced both the recovery process and efficacy of the treatment. From February 2022 to September 2023, this cross‐sectional study was undertaken involving 300 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer who were treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. In order to evaluate nutritional status, body mass index (BMI), serum protein levels and dietary intake records were utilized. The assessment of wound healing was conducted using established oncological wound healing scales, photographic documentation and clinical examinations. After treatment, we observed a noteworthy reduction in both BMI (p < 0.05) and serum albumin levels (p < 0.05). There was slightly increased prevalence of head and neck cancer among males (61.0%, p < 0.05). Over the course of 6 months, significant enhancement in wound healing scores was noted, exhibiting overall improvement of 86% in the healing process. An inverse correlation was identified between nutritional status and wound healing efficacy through multivariate analysis. A logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between elevated levels of serum protein and total lymphocytes and enhanced wound healing. Conversely, negative correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between larger wound size at baseline and healing. The research findings indicated noteworthy association between malnutrition and impaired wound repair among individuals diagnosed with head and neck cancer. The results underscored the significance of integrating nutritional interventions into therapeutic protocol in order to enhance clinical results. This research study provided significant contributions to the knowledge of intricate nature of head and neck cancer management by advocating for multidisciplinary approach that incorporates nutrition as the critical element of patient care and highlighted the importance of ongoing surveillance and customized dietary approaches in order to optimize wound healing and treatment efficacy.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy to detect microregion stress distribution in glass‐to‐metal seals
Authors: Liu Zheng , Gong Keqian , Cai Yangyang , Chen Zhen , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe stress distribution in sealing glass is one of the most concerning issues for glass‐to‐metal (GtM) seals. In this study, photoluminescence spectroscopy was applied by exploiting the piezospectroscopic effect of Cr‐doped α‐Al2O3 (ruby), and the overall stress distribution along the radius of a concentric seal was detected and analyzed. It was discovered that the compressive stress first increased and then decreased at the edge of the seal. The maximum compressive stress of 91 MPa was detected at ∼20 µm from the interface and was ascribed to the interaction between the glass and surface oxide film of the metal. Stress distributions in pore regions were also investigated and obvious stress fluctuations were observed clustering around pores. A circle of compressive stress was observed around the pores in a single glass without a metal housing; for the pores in the center of the concentric seal, the stress distribution was dominated by the inner contraction of the metal housing; and for the pores near the edge of the seal, the concentration of tensile stress located perpendicular to that of the compressive stress. This study demonstrates a high‐resolved and nondestructive method to detect the stress field and explores the potential for future tailorability of stress distribution in GtM seals.
Psychosocial impacts of being nil‐by‐mouth as an adult: A scoping review
Authors: Hepper Elizabeth C. , Wilson John , Drinnan Michael , Patterson Joanne M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo map existing evidence and identify gaps in the literature concerning psychosocial impacts of being nil by mouth (NBM) as an adult.DesignA scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance. A protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/43g9y). Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR).MethodsA comprehensive search of six databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and Web of Science) was performed for studies published up to February 2023, with no restriction to study type. A scope of the grey literature was also undertaken. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Descriptive statistical analysis and narrative synthesis were used, and patient and public involvement included in funding discussions.ResultsA total of 23 papers were included in the review, consisting of 14 primary studies (7 qualitative and 7 quantitative) and 9 grey literature. Both global psychological distress and distress specific to being NBM (thirst, missing food and drink) were reported. Caregivers also experience distress from their family member being NBM. Furthermore, social impacts were reported for both patient and caregiver, primarily social isolation and subsequent low mood.ConclusionFurthermore, research is needed to understand the prevalence of this population, how best to measure psychosocial impacts and to explore whether (and how) psychosocial impacts change over time. Advancement in this area would enable better service development to optimize care for this patient group.What is known about this topic?

Eating and drinking provides more than nutrition and hydration.

A wide range of conditions can lead to recommendations for no longer eating and drinking (nil by mouth).

Being nil by mouth (NBM) for short periods such as pre‐operative fasting causes distress; however, little is understood about impact on longer‐term abstinence from eating and drinking.

What this paper adds?

Psychosocial consequences of being nil by mouth (NBM)have been investigated by both quantitative and qualitative studies.

Being NBM impacts both patients and caregivers in various psychosocial aspects, including distress and social isolation.

Several gaps remain, however, regarding ways to measure psychosocial impact of being NBM.
Elevational patterns and assembly processes of multifaceted bird diversity in a subtropical mountain system
Authors: Lin Haoxian , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhong Maojun , Tang Ke , Du Yuanbao , Xu Haigen , Yi Jianfeng , Liu Wei , Hu Junhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimMountain systems harbour disproportionate biodiversity on Earth. However, the mechanism underlying community assembly along elevational gradients remains unclear due to the complexity of environmental constraints and biotic interactions. Birds play a crucial role in mountain system and are sensitive to environmental changes, making them an ideal taxon for exploring diversity patterns and the underlying assembly processes. We aimed to identify the elevational patterns of multifaceted bird diversity and explore how different ecological processes drive community assembly.LocationA 2600 m elevational gradient on the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.MethodsWe identified the elevational patterns and assembly processes of alpha‐ and beta‐diversity in the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions. We compared the multidimensional beta‐diversity components and assessed the response of beta‐diversity to variations in elevational and environmental distances. Finally, we examined the roles of spatial and environmental factors in structuring the diversity patterns.ResultsWe observed bimodal elevational patterns across species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity but distinct community structures in terms of mean pairwise phylogenetic, and functional diversity. We detected a linear decline in phylogenetic and functional diversity with increasing elevation after controlling for the confounding effect of species richness. We documented relatively high taxonomic and phylogenetic total beta‐diversity, but low functional total beta‐diversity. Turnover dissimilarity contributed much more to total beta‐diversity than nestedness‐resultant dissimilarity. The elevational patterns of standardised measures indicated that competition exclusion and environmental filtering jointly shaped the community assembly process. In general, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and area significantly influenced the majority of diversity measures.ConclusionsOur results revealed incongruent community structures across phylogenetic and functional diversity. Additionally, our results indicated that species with similar ecological performances or distinct lineages may exhibit convergent adaptations to cold and dry environments. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic understanding of the community assembly process and assist in conservation planning in mountain systems by integrating multifaceted diversity across different dimensions.
Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia
Authors: Aravena José M. , Chen Xi , Levy Becca R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow healthcare quality has been found to predict the development of a number of illnesses in older adults. However, it has not been investigated as a determinant of dementia. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess whether experiencing low healthcare quality is associated with developing dementia in people aged 60 and older.MethodsParticipants in the Health and Retirement Study, without dementia and aged 60 and older at baseline, were followed from 2006 to 2019. Experiencing low healthcare quality was assessed at baseline through questions about healthcare discrimination and dissatisfaction with healthcare services. The outcome, development of new cases of dementia, was determined through physician diagnosis or a cognition score compatible with dementia (assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status). Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia, adjusting for participants' demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors.ResultsAmong the 3795 participants included in the cohort, 700 developed dementia. Experiencing low healthcare quality was associated with increased dementia risk over 12 years (unadjusted HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.27–2.21, p‐value <0.001; fully adjusted HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12–2.01, p‐value: 0.006). Healthcare discrimination and dissatisfaction with the healthcare quality received were independently associated with increased dementia risk.ConclusionsAs predicted, experiencing low healthcare quality was associated with greater dementia risk. To date, most measures to reduce dementia have focused on individual‐level behaviors. Our findings suggest that implementing structural changes to improve healthcare quality delivery for older persons could reduce dementia prevalence.
Everyday nationhood and religion in the context of migration: The case of Lithuanian Catholics in Norway
Authors: Kesylytė‐Allix Eglė 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, I explore the relationship between religion and nationhood among contemporary Lithuanian migrants in Norway. The central puzzle is the lack of an open national feeling in the religious setting. However, academic literature has well documented the tight connection between the Catholic Church and Lithuanian nationhood. Interpreting the empirical data from qualitative interviews and participant observations through the lens of everyday nationalism, I argue that seeming lacklustre national sensibilities among Lithuanian Catholics do not signal Catholicism's demise as the vehicle for reproducing Lithuanian nationhood. Instead, it is an expression of the resilience of banal forms of nationalism reproduced via the institutional framework of the Catholic Church and the practices of the clergy and laity. I suggest that the case of Lithuanian Catholics in Norway intimates the need for a more nuanced approach to the concept of individual agency as opposed to a strict agency vs. banality dichotomy in everyday nationhood scholarship. Scrutinising habitual, banal forms of nationhood, together with the conscious ones, is pivotal in comprehending the complex relationship between religion and nationalism in empirical cases where visible displays of national sensibilities may be subtle but nonetheless meaningful.
Toward a coordinated understanding of hydro‐biogeochemical root functions in tropical forests for application in vegetation models
Authors: Cusack Daniela F. , Christoffersen Bradley , Smith‐Martin Chris M. , Andersen Kelly M. , Cordeiro Amanda L. , Fleischer Katrin , Wright S. Joseph , Guerrero‐Ramírez Nathaly R. , Lugli Laynara F. , McCulloch Lindsay A. , Sanchez‐Julia Mareli , Batterman Sarah A. , Dallstream Caroline , Fortunel Claire , Toro Laura , Fuchslueger Lucia , Wong Michelle Y. , Yaffar Daniela , Fisher Joshua B. , Arnaud Marie , Dietterich Lee H. , Addo‐Danso Shalom D. , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Weemstra Monique , Ng Jing Cheng , Norby Richard J. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTropical forest root characteristics and resource acquisition strategies are underrepresented in vegetation and global models, hampering the prediction of forest–climate feedbacks for these carbon‐rich ecosystems. Lowland tropical forests often have globally unique combinations of high taxonomic and functional biodiversity, rainfall seasonality, and strongly weathered infertile soils, giving rise to distinct patterns in root traits and functions compared with higher latitude ecosystems. We provide a roadmap for integrating recent advances in our understanding of tropical forest belowground function into vegetation models, focusing on water and nutrient acquisition. We offer comparisons of recent advances in empirical and model understanding of root characteristics that represent important functional processes in tropical forests. We focus on: (1) fine‐root strategies for soil resource exploration, (2) coupling and trade‐offs in fine‐root water vs nutrient acquisition, and (3) aboveground–belowground linkages in plant resource acquisition and use. We suggest avenues for representing these extremely diverse plant communities in computationally manageable and ecologically meaningful groups in models for linked aboveground–belowground hydro‐nutrient functions. Tropical forests are undergoing warming, shifting rainfall regimes, and exacerbation of soil nutrient scarcity caused by elevated atmospheric CO2. The accurate model representation of tropical forest functions is crucial for understanding the interactions of this biome with the climate.
New approaches to dissect leaf hydraulics reveal large gradients in living tissues of tomato leaves
Authors: Jain Piyush , Huber Annika E. , Rockwell Fulton E. , Sen Sabyasachi , Holbrook N. Michele , Stroock Abraham D. 
Published: February 2024

Summary
The water status of the living tissue in leaves is critical in determining plant function and global exchange of water and CO2. Despite significant advances in the past two decades, persistent questions remain about the tissue‐specific origins of leaf hydraulic properties and their dependence on water status.
We use a fluorescent nanoparticle reporter that provides water potential in the mesophyll apoplast adjacent to the epidermis of intact leaves to complement existing methods based on the Scholander Pressure Chamber (SPC). Working in tomato leaves, this approach provides access to the hydraulic conductance of the whole leaf, xylem, and outside‐xylem tissues.
These measurements show that, as stem water potential decreases, the water potential in the mesophyll apoplast can drop below that assessed with the SPC and can fall significantly below the turgor loss point of the leaf. We find that this drop in potential, dominated by the large loss (10‐fold) of hydraulic conductance of the outside‐xylem tissue, is not however strong enough to significantly limit transpiration.
These observations highlight the need to reassess models of water transfer through the outside‐xylem tissues, the potential importance of this tissue in regulating transpiration, and the power of new approaches for probing leaf hydraulics.