bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H‐Index: A new measure of glottal efficiency for the pathologic voice
Authors: Shoji Kazuhiko , Regenbogen Elliot , Yu Jong Daw , Blaugrund Stanley M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTaking advantage of the extended dynamic range of digital analysis of voice the H‐Index represents the first proposed acoustical measure of glottal efficiency. “Hi” /hai/ was chosen to evaluate glottal efficiency since it provides an excellent test of glottal transformation from voiceless to voiced sound energy, the upper vocal tract having a neutral effect. Fifteen individuals with normal voices and 30 patients with hoarse voices were asked to say “hi.” The power ratio of /h/ to /a/ was calculated from peak power of each measure from the power envelope. Voice quality had a highly significant effect on measured values (P<.001). A high degree of correlation (P<.001) was found with the AC/DC ratio, a standard aerodynamic measure of glottal efficiency. The results indicate that the H‐Index represents an excellent measure of glottal efficiency, obviating the need of invasive techniques or expensive, highly specialized equipment.
Some forms of tinnitus may involve the extralemniscal auditory pathway
Authors: Møller Aage R. , Møller Margareta B. , Yokota Masashi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt has previously been shown that the click‐evoked responses recorded from the intracranial portion of the eighth nerve in patients with incapacitating tinnitus are not abnormal, nor is the latency of peak III of the click‐evoked brainstem auditory‐evoked potentials significantly altered; however, the latency of peak V is slightly (but significantly) shortened in comparison to that of patients with the same degree of hearing loss but no tinnitus. In this study the hypothesis that the extralemniscal auditory system is involved in the generation of tinnitus is tested. We made use of the fact that neurons of the extralemniscal auditory system also receive input from the somatosensory system, and that stimulation of the somatosensory system can influence the processing of auditory information in the extralemniscal system. In 4 of 26 patients with mild‐to‐severe tinnitus whose median nerve was stimulated electrically, the tinnitus increased noticeably during stimulation, in 6 the intensity of the tinnitus decreased noticeably, and in the remaining 16 there was no noticeable change in the tinnitus. In some of the patients the character of the tinnitus changed in a complex way. There were no significant differences in hearing thresholds in these three groups of patients. Electrical stimulation of the median nerve in 12 individuals with normal hearing who did not have tinnitus either had no effect on the loudness of sounds or it caused a slight increase in the loudness.
Hearing preservation following surgical removal of meningiomas affecting the temporal bone
Authors: Nassif Paul S. , Shelton Clough , Arriaga Maj Moises 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is a common clinical impression that preservation of hearing is more often achieved when removing a meningioma than a similarly sized acoustic tumor. However, relatively few reports have focused on postoperative hearing results after meningioma removal, and detailed audiometric data are not commonly provided, particularly in the neurosurgical literature.During the past 16 years, 56 meningiomas affecting the temporal bone have been surgically removed at the House Ear Clinic. Hearing preservation was attempted in 16 (29%) of the 56 cases, and these were the focus of this study. The primary presenting symptom was otologic in 67% of these cases, including hearing loss as the primary symptom in 27%.Measurable postoperative hearing was present in 11 (92%) of 12 patients with postoperative audiograms available, and 8 (67%) of 12 patients had good hearing postoperatively. Hearing was preserved near the preoperative level (within 10 dB speech reception threshold and 15% speech discrimination) in 75% of cases.
Baclofen-Induced Psychosis
Authors: Chawla Jatinder Mohan , Rao Ravindra , Sagar Rajesh 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To report a case of psychosis induced by therapeutic doses of baclofen. Case Summary: A 32-year-old Hindu man was prescribed oral baclofen 10 mg twice daily for relief of muscular spasms secondary to tetanus. After 4 weeks of baclofen use, he presented to the psychiatry emergency facility with a 4 day history of third-person auditory hallucinations and persecutory and referential delusions without underlying mood symptoms. These symptoms resolved within 1 week of discontinuing baclofen. Rechallenge with baclofen resulted in reemergence of psychotic symptoms, which disappeared after discontinuing baclofen. Discussion: Reemergence of psychotic symptoms after rechallenge with baclofen suggests baclofen-induced psychosis. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicates a probable association of baclofen with this patient's psychosis. The absence of underlying mood disorder makes this case different from previously reported ones. Conclusions: Baclofen may be associated with the occurrence of psychosis. Clinicians should consider baclofen-induced psychosis as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with psychosis during treatment with this drug.
Peritoneal Fluid Penetration of Tigecycline
Authors: Scheetz Marc H , Reddy Pavani , Nicolau David P , Noskin Gary A , Postelnick Michael J , Stosor Valentina , Zembower Teresa R 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To describe the peritoneal fluid penetration of tigecycline. Case Summary: A 33-year-old critically ill man who had undergone orthotopic liver and cadaveric renal transplant presented with sepsis. The patient required empiric antimicrobial coverage, continuous veno–venous hemofiltration, prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy placement, and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. After multiple infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens, the patient developed vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium peritonitis. Tigecycline 50 mg was administered every 12 hours, and ascites fluid drug concentrations were obtained. Drug concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and revealed a tigecycline concentration of 0.074 μg/mL Despite aggressive measures, the patient's condition continued to decline; he died 2 weeks after tigecycline initiation. Discussion: As of October 3, 2006, these are the first data to describe tigecycline peritoneal fluid penetration. Tigecycline was aggressively administered at twice the recommended dosage for overt liver failure in light of the severity of this patient's condition. A tigecycline peritoneal fluid concentration of 44–54% of serum concentration was calculated based on the patient's peritoneal fluid drug concentration and previously published serum concentrations from a similar population. Conclusions: Peritoneal penetration of tigecycline was approximately 50% in this critically ill patient. Establishment of site-specific breakpoints for tigecycline may be necessary. Future studies will need to evaluate the penetration of tigecycline into peritoneal fluid and other tissues.
A Myoclonic Reaction with Low-Dose Hydromorphone
Authors: Patel Seema , Roshan Veda R , Lee Kelly C , Cheung Rebecca J 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To report a case of myoclonus associated with the use of a low dose of the opioid analgesic hydromorphone. Case Summary: A 55-year-old white man with a history of nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was hospitalized for treatment of severe chest pain. On hospital day 1, intravenous hydromorphone (6 doses, total dose of 4 mg) was administered. The pain continued and, on day 2, the dose was increased, with a total of 6 mg administered on day 2. The patient developed uncontrollable jerking movements of the head, neck, arms, and legs after he received the hydromorphone. The myoclonic movements stopped within a few hours following discontinuation of hydromorphone and did not recur. Discussion: Myoclonus is a neuroexcitatory symptom that has been reported with chronic, high-dose administration of hydromorphone in patients with impaired renal function. The hydromorphone-3-glucuronide metabolite is devoid of analgesic activity and has been shown to cause neuroexcitatory effects. This patient's symptoms appeared soon after hydromorphone was initiated and resolved in a timely manner after the medication was discontinued. Based on the patient's presentation and course of therapy, it is probable, as indicated by the Naranjo probability scale, that the myoclonic symptoms were induced by hydromorphone. This case was unique, however, in that the patient received hydromorphone for only a short duration and did not have impaired renal function. Conclusions: Neuroexcitatory effects of hydromorphone may occur at relatively low doses in patients without renal dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention are required to achieve resolution of these symptoms and prevent further sequelae to the patient.
Definability results for the Poisson equation
Authors: Kaiser Tobias 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We show that the solution of the Poisson equation with subanalytic data on a bounded subanalytic domain in the plane without isolated boundary points exists and we prove that the solution is definable in the o-minimal structure ℝan; exp, provided that the domain has smooth boundary. Moreover, we investigate whether the solution is again subanalytic. At the end, we study polygons as examples of domains with nonsmooth boundary.
First steps towards a rhetorical psychology of literary interpretation
Authors: Allington Daniel 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
This paper asks what the familiar conception of literary interpretation as socially situated and rhetorical might mean on the cognitive level. Rejecting the prescriptiveness, individualism, and use of invented examples that theorisations of reading based on so-called “cognitive linguistics” have involved, it attempts to develop Michael Billig's model of thought as argument into a theory of interpretation adequate to the complexities of actual reader discourse within one particular social context (academia). A detailed intertextual analysis is carried out to provide qualitative empirical support for this theory, showing how four critics read Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness by debating its correct interpretation.
(Re)thinking world-building: Locating the text-worlds of Canadian lyric poetry
Authors: Lahey Ernestine 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
As interest in Text World Theory continues to grow, the need to test the boundaries of Text World Theory's practical capabilities is urgent if the theory is to have integrity as a cohesive explanatory and analytical tool in the study of discourse. This article discusses findings which challenge Text World Theory's account of the world-building process. Drawing on my analysis of the construction of text-world location in Canadian poetry, I argue that Werth's explanation of the role of noun phrases in the world-building process is flawed, and his distinction between world-building and function-advancing is likewise ill-conceived and at odds with the central philosophical commitments of the theory as Werth himself sets them out.
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in tissues from dogs with presumptive Lyme borreliosis
Authors: Chou Jaime , Wünschmann Arno , Hodzic Emir , Borjesson Dori L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To develop a quantitative PCR assay for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues; compare results of this assay with results of immunohistochemical staining of tissues from seropositive dogs; and determine whether B burgdorferi DNA could be detected in renal tissues from dogs with presumptive Lyme nephritis.
Design—Cohort study.
Sample Population—Archived tissue samples from 58 dogs.
Procedures—A quantitative PCR assay was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the dogs. Results were compared with results of immunohistochemical staining, B burgdorferi serostatus, clinical signs, and necropsy findings.
Results—38 dogs were classified as having positive or equivocal results for Lyme borreliosis, and 20 were classified as having negative results on the basis of clinical signs, serologic findings, and pathologic abnormalities. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was amplified from tissue samples from only 4 (7%) dogs, all of which had been classified as having positive or equivocal results for Lyme borreliosis and had signs of presumptive Lyme nephritis. Results of PCR assays of renal tissue were positive for only 1 dog, and there was no agreement between results of immunohistochemical staining (ie, detection of B burgdorferi antigen) and results of the PCR assay (ie, detection of B burgdorferi DNA) for renal tissues.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that detection of B burgdorferi DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is feasible, but that intact B burgdorferi DNA is rarely found in tissues from naturally infected dogs, even tissues from dogs with presumptive Lyme borreliosis. Further, findings support the contention that Lyme nephritis may be a sterile, immune complex disease.
Syndiotactic polystyrene: Process and applications
Authors: Schellenberg Jürgen , Leder Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this review, a summary is provided of the manufacturing process for syndiotactic polystyrene together with an overview of applications of syndiotactic polystyrenes, including selected examples of typical applications. The manufacturing process of syndiotactic polystyrene, consists of several basic sections: catalyst premix preparation, monomer treatment, polymerization reaction using a powder bed reactor together with an evaporative cooling system, devolatilization and extrusion, and finally finishing, including cooling and crystallization of the strands. This process is suitable for providing a wide range of syndiotactic polystyrenes comprising homopolymers, with a broad range of melt flow rates as well as copolymers of various comonomer contents, leading to products with various melting temperatures. Essential relationships and correlations of the separate process stages are demonstrated, in addition to useful analytical methods to control the process. These polymers' unique combination of heat resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical properties has led to their successful application in automotive, electrical and electronics, consumer and industrial uses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:141–151, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20069
Effect of preheat temperature on the location of the minimum state of cure in a molded component
Authors: Warley Russell L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe distribution of state of cure in a molded rubber component is usually nonuniform due to the slow heat transfer processes involved in the molding–cooling cycle. The minimum in the distribution usually occurs in the center of the rubber section. For large components, one method of reducing molding time is to preheat the uncured rubber prior to molding, thus carrying out a portion of the required heat transfer in a more favorable geometry than the molded shape. In this work, computation of the state of cure distribution in preheat–molding–cooling cycles for one‐dimensional rectangular geometry shows that as the preheat temperature is increased, the locus of the minimum state of cure will move outward from the center toward the surface of the component. This has important implications for the range of cure states existing in an article and calls into question the convention of removing samples for state of cure tests from the center of the component. The variables considered in this work are the preheat temperature, the component thickness, and the target state of cure of the rubber compound. A design curve is developed whereby the preheat temperature to optimize the distribution of the cure can be established. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:195–207, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20070
Superficial brain is cooler in small piglets: Neonatal hypothermia implications
Authors: Iwata Sachiko , Iwata Osuke , Thornton John S. , Shanmugalingam Shanthi , Bainbridge Alan , Peebles Donald , Wyatt John S. , Cady Ernest B. , Robertson Nicola J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectiveHypothermia was not neuroprotective in low body weight (BW) infants on subgroup analysis in a recent clinical trial of selective head cooling (SHC) in neonatal encephalopathy (CoolCap Trial).MethodsThe BW dependence of regional cerebral temperature was investigated in 14 newborn piglets under normothermia (38.5°C), whole‐body cooling (WBC; 36.5, 34.5, 32.5, and 30.5°C), or SHC (20, 15, and 10°C).ResultsNormothermia: Lower BW led to lower superficial brain temperature (p < 0.01). Deep to superficial brain and rectal to superficial brain temperature gradients increased with decreasing BW (both p < 0.05). WBC: Lower BW led to lower superficial brain temperature and higher rectal to superficial brain temperature gradient (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). SHC: For lower BW, superficial and deep brain temperatures decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas rectal to deep, rectal to superficial, and deep to superficial brain temperature gradients increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). Compared with SHC alone, superimposition of WBC (34.5°C) reduced all regional temperatures (all p < 0.001); gradients were unaffected.InterpretationBrain cooling (under normothermia, WBC, or SHC) was more efficient with lower BW due to greater head surface area‐to‐volume ratios. In the CoolCap Trial, low BW infants might have been excessively cooled. WBC and SHC may require BW adjustment to accomplish consistent regional temperatures and optimal neuroprotection. Ann Neurol 2006
New Quinolines as Potential CNS Agents
Authors: Sathi Garima , Gujrati Vibha R. , Sharma Manju , Nath Chandishwar , Bhargava Krishna P. , Shanker Kirpa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe compounds 1a—1l and 2a—2m were synthesized by condensation of various aryl‐1‐(4‐aminophenyl)piperazines and substituted piperidines with substituted 4‐chloroquinolines. The compounds were screened for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities (in vitro) and various CNS activities (in vivo). Some compounds showed promising MAO inhibitory and antidepressant activities. The compounds did not produce acute neurological deficits and have low toxicity. Compound 1b is the most active member of the series. Structure‐activity relationships are discussed.
3‐Mercaptochromone
Authors: Löwe Werner , Kennemann Angela 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie 3‐Mercaptochromone 6a–c erhält man aus den Disulfiden 4a‐c durch Reduktion mit 2‐Mercaptoethanol. Die Verbindungen 4a‐c wurden aus den Chromon‐3‐sulfinsäuren 2a‐c über die Stufe der Thiosulfonsäureester 3a‐c oder direkt mit Bromwasserstoffsäure hergestellt.
Asymmetrische reduktive Aminierung von Cycloalkanonen, 3. Mitt. Der Einfluß von Katalysator und Reduktionsmittel auf die Diastereo‐ und Enantioselektivität
Authors: Knupp Gerd , Frahm August W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEs wurde die Abhängigkeit der Diastereo‐ und Enantioselektivität bei der asymmetrischen reduktiven Aminierung racemischen 2‐Methylcyclohexanons (1) von der Art der verwendeten Katalysatoren und Reduktionsmittel untersucht. Die Diastereo‐ und Enantioselektivität wurden 13C‐NMR‐spektroskopisch bestimmt. Dabei erweist sich Raney Ni als Katalysator der Wahl. Dagegen lassen sich die entsprechenden Campherazomethine 5 nur mit Pd/C hydrieren und gleichzeitig zu 2‐exo‐Aminobornanen 6 hydrogenolysieren.
Valepotriat‐Artefakte aus Centranthus ruber (L.) DC
Authors: Schneider Georg , Veith Jörg 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus dem ethanol. Soxhlet‐Extrakt von Centranthus‐Wurzeln wurden 11‐Ethoxyviburtinal (= Ethylether von Desacylbaldrinal) (1) und aus den toluollöslichen Anteilen des Extraktes 8,9‐Didehydro‐7‐hydroxy‐dolichodial (2) nach Hitzeeinwirkung als Artefakte von Valepotriaten isoliert. Die dc Eigenschaften von 1 und 2 werden mit denen einiger Valepotriate und der bekannten Abbauprodukte von Dienvalepotriaten verglichen.
Synthesen und spektroskopische Eigenschaften von donor‐akzeptor‐substituierten Chinodimethanen mit 1,6‐Methano‐(10)‐annulenpartialstruktur
Authors: Neidlein Richard , Köhler Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDarstellung, chemische und spektroskopische Eigenschaften der donor‐akzeptor‐substituierten Chinodimethane 3a, 3b, der dicyanomethylen‐substituierten Verbindungen 5a, 5b, 7 sowie die Synthese von 10 werden beschrieben.
Chinon‐Amin‐Reaktionen, 16. Mitt. Synthese und Eigenschaften C‐2/3‐substituierter Benzochinoxalinone
Authors: Kallmayer Hans‐Jörg , Seyfang Karlheinz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus 1.4‐Naphthochinonen 1 und 2.3‐Diamino‐propan (4), 1.2‐Diaminocyclohexan (7) sowie 2.3‐Diamino‐2.3‐dimethyl‐butan (9) wurden die C‐2‐und/oder C‐3‐alkylierten Benzochinoxalinone 5/6,8 und 10 hergestellt. Die 5‐Brom‐benzochinoxalinone 5b/6b sowie 10b und das 6‐Brombenzophenazinon 8b zeigen, daß die C‐2/3‐Alkylierung deinen Einfluß auf das Elektronenspektrum und die Farbe des C‐2/3‐unsubstituierten 5‐Brom‐benzochinoxalinons (3b, R3 = H) hat.
Chinazolinone, 5. Mitt. Synthese von 3‐Chloracylamino‐2‐methyl‐4(3H)‐chinazolinon‐Derivaten mit antikonvulsiver und hypnotischer Wirkung
Authors: Büyüktimkin Servet 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAusgehend von den 3‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐4(3H)‐chinazolinonen 1 wurden durch Acylierung die Amide 3a–h erhalten. Kondensation mit Imidazol bzw. 4‐Methylimidazol ergab die Imidazolderivate 4a–h bzw. die 2‐Pyrrolidone 5a,b. Die meisten dieser Verbindungen zeigen signifikante antikonvulsive und hypnotische Wirkungen.
Violet laser diodes in flow cytometry: An update
Authors: Telford William , Kapoor Veena , Jackson James , Burgess Walter , Buller Gayle , Hawley Teresa , Hawley Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntroduction:In previous studies we and others have demonstrated the usefulness of violet laser diodes (VLDs) as replacement laser sources for krypton‐ion lasers on stream‐in‐air cytometers. Previously available VLDs had a maximum available power of less than 25 mW; this was sufficient for excitation of densely labeled cell surface antigens using fluorochromes such as Cascade Blue or Pacific Blue, but may have been insufficient for applications requiring higher levels of photon saturation, such as low‐level expression of Cyan Fluorescent Protein (ECFP) in CFP‐YFP FRET applications. In this follow‐up study, we have tested more powerful VLDs emitting at 55 mW, and a beam‐merged dual module VLD with 100 mW combined output, for their ability to excite a variety of violet‐excited fluorochromes, including CFP.Methods:A dual module VLD (two linear polarized VLDs with their beams merged by a polarized beam combiner) emitting at 404 nm was mounted on a BD FACSVantage DiVa stream‐in‐air cytometer. The individual polarized 55 mW beams or the 100 mW combined beams were used to analyze PBMCs labeled with the violet‐excited probes Cascade Blue, Alexa Fluor 405, Cascade Yellow and Pacific Orange dyes. Violet‐excited fluorescent microsphere mixtures with decreasing fluorescence levels were also used to detect the minimum sensitivity threshold and precision of these lasers. VLD excitation on a gel‐coupled cuvette flow cytometer was used as a sensitivity baseline.Results:The dual module 100 mW VLD gave both sensitivity and precision levels approaching that observed for lower‐power sources on a cuvette cytometer. Single polarized VLD modules at 55 mW gave slightly decreased sensitivity for the microspheres standards and all the tested fluorochromes compared to the 100 mW source.Conclusions:While 55 mW laser sources performed adequately in the stream‐in‐air format, increasing the power to 100 mW did give a small but detectable increase in instrument sensitivity. This sensitivity level approached that of cuvette systems. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology