bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimised fast‐track protocols in total knee arthroplasty determine shorter hospitalisation time and lower perioperative/postoperative complications
Authors: Compagnoni Riccardo , Puglia Francesco , Magnani Mauro , Klumpp Raymond , Ferrua Paolo , Calanna Filippo , Minoli Carlo Francesco , Genco Daniele , Menon Alessandra , Randelli Pietro Simone ,   SIAGASCOT Guidelines Working Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis literature review aims to present evidence‐based clinical recommendations for the eight most debated topics related to perioperative management in total knee arthroplasty: counselling, prehabilitation, transfusion risk, tranexamic acid, drainage, analgesia, urinary catheter and compression stockings.MethodsA multidisciplinary team conducted a systematic review on these topics. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for the literature review and result presentation. The research encompassed articles from 1 January 2009 to 28 February 2023, retrieved through the MEDLINE database via PubMed, Embase database and Cochrane Library.ResultsForty‐five articles were selected. Preoperative counselling has limited evidence for its impact on postoperative outcomes; yet, it can help alleviate surgery‐related anxiety and manage postoperative symptoms. Prehabilitation can also prepare patients for surgery, reducing hospital stays and improving postsurgery functionality. Numerous studies suggest that preoperative Hb levels are independently linked to transfusion risk, with a recommended level of 13 g/dL. Combining intravenous and local tranexamic acid administration is strongly advised to reduce perioperative blood loss, while drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty offers no functional advantages. Employing a multimodal analgesia approach yields better results with reduced opioid usage. Indwelling urinary catheters provide no benefit and avoiding them can lower the risk of urinary tract infections. As for compression stockings, there is insufficient evidence in the literature to support their efficacy in preventing venous thromboembolism.ConclusionThe best‐track protocol has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing hospitalisation time and perioperative/postoperative complications. It is success relies on a collaborative, resource‐adaptive approach led by a multidisciplinary team. Both patients and hospitals benefit from this approach, as it enhances care quality and lowers costs. Several studies have highlighted the significance of a patient‐centred approach in achieving high‐quality care. Creating a novel treatment protocol could be a prospective goal in the near future.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Functional knee brace use for 21 h leads to a longer duration to achieve peak vertical ground reaction forces and the removal of the brace after 17.5 h results in faster loading of the knee joint
Authors: Rishiraj Neetu , Taunton Jack E. , Lloyd‐Smith Rob , Regan William , Niven Brian , Woollard Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the landing strategies used after discontinuing and continuing the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) while performing a drop jump.MethodsFollowing published methodology and power analysis, 23 uninjured male athletes, mean age of 19.4 ± 3.0 years, performed seven tests, during three test conditions (nonbraced, braced and removed brace or continued brace use), over 6 days of 12 testing sessions (S) for a total of 38.5 h. Each subject was provided with a custom‐fitted FKB. This study focuses on the single leg drop jump kinetics during S12 when subjects were randomly selected to remove the FKB after 17.5 h or continued use of FKB. The time to peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and PVGRF were recorded on landing in eight trials.ResultsAfter brace removal, a significantly shorter mean time to PVGRF was recorded (9.4 ± 22.9 msec (3.9%), p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −168.1, 36.1), while continued brace use required a nonsignificant (n.s.) longer mean duration to achieve PVGRF (19.4 ± 53.6 msec (8.9%), n.s., 95% CI: −49.7, 73.4). No significant mean PVGRF difference was found in brace removal (25.3 ± 65.8 N) and continued brace use (25.1 ± 23.0 N).ConclusionRemoval of FKB after 17.5 h of use led to a significantly shorter time to achieve PVGRF, while continued brace use for 21 h required a longer duration to achieve PVGRF, suggesting faster and slower knee joint loading, respectively. Understanding the concerns associated with the use of FKB and the kinetics of the knee joint will assist clinicians in counselling athletes about the risks and benefits of using an FKB.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Second‐Harmonic Generation with a 440 000% W−1 Conversion Efficiency in a Lithium Niobate Microcavity without Periodic Poling
Authors: Wu Xiao , Hao Zhenzhong , Zhang Li , Jia Di , Ma Rui , Tao Can , Gao Feng , Bo Fang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) enables extremely high‐efficiency second‐order nonlinear optical effects due to large nonlinear coefficient d33 and strong optical field confinement. Here, a pulley‐waveguide‐coupled microring resonator with an intrinsic quality factor above 9.4 × 105 on the reverse‐polarized double‐layer X‐cut TFLN is designed and fabricated. In such a TFLN resonator without fine domain structures, second harmonic generation with a normalized conversion efficiency of 440,000% W−1 with weak pump power, approaching that in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) microring resonators, and an absolute conversion efficiency of 30% is realized with a sub‐milliwatt continuous pump. This work reduces the dependence of high‐efficiency nonlinear frequency conversion on PPLN microcavities that are difficult to prepare.
Programmable Liquid Crystal Defects and Dynamically Manipulation with Mechanical Stress
Authors: Yu Haibo , Zhang Songyu , Liu Xuan , Sun Peizhi , Luo Duanbin , Zheng Zhi‐Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManual intervention in the self‐assembly of soft matter to obtain a desired defect structure is a complex but significant project. Specifically, the flow and optical properties of liquid crystal (LC) materials have become the most important platform for studying topological structures in ordered physical systems. The regulation of liquid crystals (LCs) is largely limited to established means such as temperature, electric field, magnetic field, etc., however, a new effective strategy by mechanical stress is desirable but elusive. Here, using disclination controlled by stress, topologically continuous superstructure is generated to apply to touch display and wideband vector beam generator. This work demonstrates a new approach for direct controllable manipulation of disclination, unlocking the long‐sought full potential of topological defect, thus paving the way for optical and dynamic applications.
Photoresponse Enhancement in MAPbI3/Si Heterojunction Through P(VDF‐TrFE) Doping and Introducing Pyro‐Phototronic Effect
Authors: Guo Siyang , Zhang Guojuan , Wang Qing , Zhang Tao , Wang Shufang , Li Liang , Qiao Shuang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe photovoltaic effect and pyro‐phototronic effect offer a promising approach to enhance self‐powered photodetectors (PDs) performance. However, further investigation is warranted to explore the performance improvement, the impact of pyroelectric effect, and the underlying coupling mechanism. In this study, heterojunction PDs consisting of ITO/CH3NH3(MA)PbI3:P(VDF‐TrFE)/Si are prepared, with P(VDF‐TrFE) concentration varying from 0 to 1 wt.%. The results reveal that the concentration of P(VDF‐TrFE) has a significant impact on the photovoltaic response, with the optimal concentration being 0.8 wt.%. The PD displays a broadband response (405–1064 nm) at zero bias, peaking at 780 nm. Furthermore, the introduction of P(VDF‐TrFE) significantly enhances the responsivity (R) and detectivity (D), resulting in a remarkable increase of 5814%. The values of R and D reach 1.93 × 104 V W−1 and 1.99 × 1012 Jones, respectively. Moreover, the PD demonstrates an ultrafast response time of 81.6/208 µs. Additionally, the pyro‐phototronic effect extends the response wavelength to 1550 nm, surpassing the spectral limit of the heterojunction. Importantly, the heterojunction exhibits improved weak light detection ability. At 6.37 µW cm−2 intensity, R and D show an impressive increase of 21 683%, reaching 8.99 × 104 V W−1 and 9.3 × 1013 Jones, respectively.
Meta‐atom design and communication prototype for wideband reconfigurable intelligent surface
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Hongtao , Deng Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExisting research on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has mainly focused on narrowband applications due to limitations in programmable metasurfaces and field prototype realization. This letter introduces a wideband RIS meta‐atom consisting of a single‐layer frequency selective surface supported by a dogbone‐shaped patch, ensuring a stable linear phase interval around the resonant frequency. A RIS communication prototype is constructed to evaluate its phase bandwidth upper limit and fundamental bandwidth properties. An equivalent circuit model is derived to predesign the wideband RIS meta‐atom, controlled by a varactor, and experimental validation in an anechoic chamber confirms its large bandwidth. Additionally, a wideband RIS‐assisted self‐contained prototype is demonstrated to illustrate the bandwidth characteristics and link gain enhancement at a system level. Test results indicate a researched bandwidth of up to 19.65%, with the 1‐bit RIS board achieving a 3‐dB gain bandwidth of about 8.62%.
An arrayable low‐profile antenna with a broad bandwidth
Authors: Li RongLin , Li Wang , Lin Song , Cui Yuehui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn arrayable dual‐polarized antenna is proposed in this paper, which exhibits a low profile and broad bandwidth. A metasurface and a square ring are introduced to realize the broadband operation of the low‐profile dual‐polarized antenna. The total size of the broadband antenna is (where is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operation band [1.31  GHz] in free space), suitable for use as an element of an antenna array. Four elements of the proposed antenna are arrayed to develop an array to demonstrate its application for the base station. The measured impedance bandwidth (return loss >10 dB) of the array is about 70% (1.31–2.74 GHz). Stable radiation patterns are obtained with an average gain of 14 dBi.
An individual participant meta‐analysis of mirabegron in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury
Authors: Welk Blayne , Krhut Jan , Sýkora Radek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to conduct an individual patient data meta‐analysis (IPDMA) of the two published randomized placebo‐controlled trials of mirabegron in people with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) due to spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe identified two randomized, placebo‐controlled trials. We extracted individual patient data from the trials and evaluated two primary outcomes: change in maximum cystometric capacity and change in the patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC). We also evaluated several secondary outcomes related to urodynamic function and quality of life. We conducted three exploratory analyses to test hypotheses based on our clinical experiences with mirabegron in NLUTD. Analysis of covariance with adjustment for baseline values was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsOur IPDMA included 98 patients from the two trials. The results showed that mirabegron was associated with a significant improvement in maximum cystometric capacity (+41 mL, p = 0.04) and in the PPBC (−0.8, p < 0.01) compared to placebo. Secondary outcomes including peak neurogenic detrusor overactivity pressure (−20 cm H2O, p < 0.01), incontinence‐QOL score (+12, p < 0.01), and 24 h pad weights (−79 g, p = 0.04) also improved significantly compared to placebo. Exploratory analyses found similar improvements in people with MS and SCI; some outcomes improved to a greater degree among people with incomplete SCI, or SCIs that were below T7.ConclusionsOur IPDMA provides evidence supporting the use of mirabegron in patients with NLUTD due to SCI or MS. Further work evaluating differential responses in people with different SCI lesion characteristics may be warranted.
Value of the modified Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment in indicating the need for nutrition intervention and predicting overall survival in patients with malignant tumors in at least two organs
Authors: Chong Feifei , Huo Zhenyu , Yin Liangyu , Liu Jie , Li Na , Guo Jing , Fan Yang , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhang Ling , Lin Xin , Chen Junqiang , Zhou Chunling , Li Suyi , Zhou Fuxiang , Yao Qinghua , Guo Zengqing , Weng Min , Liu Ming , Li Tao , Li Zengning , Cui Jiuwei , Li Wei , Shi Hanping , Guo Wei , Xu Hongxia ,   the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) is a reference standard used to assess a patient's nutrition status, it is cumbersome to administer. The aim of the present study was to estimate the value of a simpler and easier‐to‐use modified PG‐SGA (mPG‐SGA) to evaluate the nutrition status and need for intervention in patients with malignant tumors present in at least two organs.MethodsA total of 591 patients (343 male and 248 female) were included from the INSCOC study. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between the mPG‐SGA and nutrition‐related factors, with the optimal cut‐off defined by a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The consistency between the mPG‐SGA and PG‐SGA was compared in a concordance analysis. A survival analysis was used to determine the effects of nutritional intervention among different nutrition status groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were applied to evaluate the association of the mPG‐SGA with the all‐cause mortality.ResultsThe mPG‐SGA showed a negative association with nutrition‐related factors. Individuals with an mPG‐SGA ≥ 5 (rounded from 4.5) were considered to need nutritional intervention. Among the malnourished patients (mPG‐SGA ≥ 5), the overall survival (OS) of those who received nutrition intervention was significantly higher than that of patients who did not. However, the OS was not significantly different in the better‐nourished patients (mPG‐SGA < 5).ConclusionOur findings support that the mPG‐SGA is a feasible tool that can be used to guide nutritional interventions and predict the survival of patients with malignant tumors affecting at least two organs.
Cross‐linked Triblock Peptide Capsules as Potential Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Feng Huayang , Linders Jürgen , Cantore Miriam , Fabrizi Jonas , Kirsten Annika , Myszkowska Sascha , Hillen Eva , Uteschil Florian , Buchholz Sebastian , Hermsen Andrea , Garvin Maria Davila , Ferenz Katja Bettina , Mayer Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPerfluorodecalin (PFD)‐filled capsules have been studied for over 15 years as artificial oxygen carriers. However, none of these capsules combines good biocompatibility, good mechanical stability and dispersion stability. Here we propose to use synthetic triblock peptides containing a central block of cysteine units as a cross‐linking shell material for capsules with both good biocompatibility and stability. Together with outer aspartate units and inner phenylalanine units, the resulting amphiphilic triblock peptides can encapsulate PFD efficiently to prepare capsules with a suitable diameter, a certain mechanical strength, a large diffusion constant, fast gas exchange rates, and little cytotoxicity. Given the above advantages, these PFD‐filled peptide capsules are very promising as potential artificial oxygen carriers.
Clinical Utility of Machine Learning Methods Using Regression Models for Diagnosing Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hatsukawa Hiroatsu , Ishikawa Masaaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveMachine learning methods using regression models can predict actual values of histological eosinophil count from blood eosinophil levels. Therefore, these methods might be useful for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, but their utility still remains unclear. We compared 2 statistical approaches, and investigated the utility of machine learning methods for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingMedical center.MethodsData, including eosinophilic levels, obtained from blood and sinonasal samples of 264 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (257 with and 57 without nasal polyps) were analyzed. We determined factors affecting histopathological eosinophil count in regression models. We also investigated optimal cutoff values for blood eosinophil percentages/absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) through receiver operating characteristic curves and machine‐learning methods based on regression models. A histopathological eosinophil count ≥10/high‐power field was defined as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.ResultsBlood eosinophil levels, nasal polyp presence, and comorbid asthma were factors affecting histopathological eosinophil count. Cutoffs between the 2 statistical approaches differed in the group with nasal polyps, but not in one without nasal polyps. Machine‐learning methods identified blood eosinophil percentages ≥1% or AEC ≥100/μL as cut‐offs for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, while ≥6% or ≥400/μL for one without nasal polyps.ConclusionCut‐offs of blood eosinophil levels obtained by machine‐learning methods might be useful when suspecting eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis prior to biopsy because of their ability to adjust covariates, dealing with overfitting, and predicting actual values of histological eosinophil count.
Outdoor air pollution and near‐fatal/fatal asthma attacks in children: A systematic review
Authors: Varghese Deepa , Ferris Kathryn , Lee Bohee , Grigg Jonathan , Pinnock Hilary , Cunningham Steve 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, observational studies have demonstrated an association between high levels of air pollution and asthma attacks in children. It remains unclear whether and to what extent exposure may be associated with increased near‐fatal/fatal attacks.ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence for an association between ambient outdoor air pollution and fatal and/or near‐fatal asthma (NFA).MethodsFollowing Cochrane methodology, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey electronic databases for studies reporting the association of fatal/NFA and air pollution (particulate matter [PM], sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, black carbon and ozone [O3]) in children. NFA was defined as requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management.ResultsTwo reviewers independently screened 1358 papers. A total of 276 studies identified asthma attacks related to air pollution, 272 did not meet inclusion criteria after full‐text review. Four observational studies described fatal/NFA, of which three addressed NFA. PM2.5 (per 12.5 µg/m3 increase) and O3 (per 22 ppb increase) were associated with NFA in one study (PM2.5, relative risk: 1.26, confidence interval [CI] [1.10–1.44]), O3 (1.19 [1.01–1.40]). PM10 was associated with ICU admission in the context of thunderstorm asthma. Elemental carbon was associated equally with NFA that did not require an ICU admission (p = 0.67). Studies of fatal asthma including children did not demarcate age within the analysis.ConclusionsOzone and PM2.5 have been associated with NFA in children but synthesis is limited by the paucity of studies and methodological heterogeneity. Poor reporting of severities of asthma attacks hinders the assessment of whether outdoor air pollution is associated with an increased number of NFA/fatal attacks in children.
Clinical outcomes at 9–10 years of age in children born with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator related metabolic syndrome
Authors: Carroll Brian J. , Ostrenga Joshua S. , Fink Aliza K. , Antos Nicholas J. , Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Ren Clement L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere are limited data on cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator‐related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) outcomes beyond infancy. The goal of this study was to analyze outcomes of infants with CRMS up to the age of 9–10 years using the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR).MethodsWe analyzed data from the CFFPR for individuals with CF and CRMS born between 2010 and 2020. We classified all patients based on the clinical diagnosis reported by the CF care center and the diagnosis using CFF guideline definitions for CF and CRMS, classifying children into groups based on agreement between clinical report and guideline criteria. Descriptive statistics for the cohort were calculated for demographics, nutritional outcomes, and microbiology for the first year of life and lung function and growth outcomes were summarized for ages 6–10 years.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2020, there were 8765 children with diagnosis of CF or CRMS entered into the CFFPR with sufficient diagnostic data for classification, of which 7591 children had a clinical diagnosis of CF and 1174 had a clinical diagnosis of CRMS. CRMS patients exhibited normal nutritional indices and pulmonary function up to age 9–10 years. The presence of respiratory bacteria associated with CF, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa from CRMS patients ranged from 2.1% to 9.1% after the first year of life.ConclusionsChildren with CRMS demonstrate normal pulmonary and nutritional outcomes into school age. However, a small percentage of children continue to culture CF‐associated respiratory pathogens after infancy.
Inspired oxygen fraction thresholds to accurately predict surfactant administration in neonatal RDS is gestational age strata: A pragmatic, multi‐center study
Authors: Raimondi Francesco , Dolce Pasquale , Veropalumbo Claudio , Sierchio Enrico , Corsini Iuri , Meneghin Fabio , Lama Silvia , Raschetti Roberto , Varano Silvia , Perri Alessandro , Bonadies Luca , Ojembarrena Almudena Alonso , Fanjul Javier Rodriguez , Hernandez Rebeca Gregorio , Fernandez Lorena Rodeño , Davis Peter G. , Capasso Letizia ,   for the Validate LUS OX group
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveCurrent international guidelines on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) recommend continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) stabilization as primary treatment. Some guidelines recommend surfactant replacement for babies requiring FiO2 > 0.3 regardless of gestational age (GA). We explore the accuracy of alternative inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) thresholds as early predictors of surfactant replacement in babies stratified by GA.Study DesignPragmatic, observational study in 12 Italian and Spanish neonatal intensive care units. This is a secondary analysis of data from two cohorts of preterm babies with RDS, stratified by GA (25°− 276; 28°−306; 31°−336) and stabilized on CPAP. FiO2 was collected soon after stabilization and its accuracy to predict subsequent surfactant administration by a rigorously masked physician was assessed.ResultsWe enrolled 412 preterm infants. FiO2 was collected within 2 h of life of life. A cut off of FiO2 > 0.30 failed to identify 50.3% of infants who were later given surfactant by a masked physician. A FiO2 = 0.29 threshold improved sensitivity values to 0.85, 0.79, and 0.61 for the three GA ranges while maintaining specificity of ≥85%. A FiO2 = 0.26 threshold gave sensitivity = 0.83 specificity = 0.79 with GA dependent differences (250−276 sensitivity = 0.90 specificity = 0.80; 280−306 sensitivity = 0.84 specificity = 0.78; 310−336 sensitivity = 0.73 specificity = 0.80).ConclusionsFiO2 is a GA dependent predictor of early surfactant administration. Its accuracy increases when used at lower levels than currently recommended by international guidelines (236 words).