bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating immune complexes in rats bearing chemically induced tumours. II. Characterization of sera from different stages of tumour growth
Authors: Höffken Klaus , Price Michael R. , Moore Valerie E. , Baldwin Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from rats bearing intraperitoneal implants of an aminoazo dye‐induced hepatoma were fractionated by Sephadex G200 and DEAE‐cellulose ion exchange column chromatography. Isolated fractions were examined for their capacity to bind [125I]C1q as a measure of immune complex levels, and for their ability to bind soluble tumour‐specific antigen as well as to react with antigens expressed at the surface of viable hepatoma cells. Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes in unfractionated serum were directly detectable during early tumour development although, following serum fractionation, immune complexes were identified at both early and late stages of tumour growth. The present findings suggest that the detection of immune complexes in unfractionated samples of late tumour‐bearer serum using a C1q‐binding assay is masked by the increasing production of tumour‐specific antibodies and by a shift from complement fixing to non‐complement‐fixing tumour‐specific antibodies.
Surface membrane changes of T cells induced by syngeneic tumour cells. I. Formation and uptake of complexes of Ig and tumour antigens by T cells
Authors: Dular U. , Chow D. A. , Paraskevas F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA large dose of tumour cells (107) from two different tumours produced a significant increase of Ig‐bearing spleen cells 6 h after intraperitoneal administration in syngeneic mice, like conventional antigens previously tested. Incubation of normal spleen cells in serum taken 6 h after administration of tumour cells reproduced in vitro the changes observed in the spleen cell population of the serum donors, demonstrating the presence of a cytophilic Ig, which was shown to be taken up by T cells. Serum collected 6 h after tumour cell inoculation contains also a 4S factor which can generate in vitro cytophilic Ig for T cells in the presence of a foreign soluble protein or tumour antigen. Extracts obtained from tumours cells, which were shown to contain tumour antigens, were labelled with 125I and mixed with the 4S factor and normal 7S Ig. Upon fractionation of the mixture, high molecular weight material containing radioactivity and 7S Ig were eluted in the void volume, well ahead of the position of both the tumour cell preparation and the 7S Ig. This material contained Ig cytophilic for splenic T cells and it is likely that it represents cytophilic complexes of Ig and tumour antigens. It is postulated that the cytophilic Ig detected in the serum of animals 6 h after injection of a large number of tumour cells represents cytophilic complexes of Ig and tumour antigens formed through the mediation of a soluble factor.
Surface membrane changes of T cells induced by syngeneic tumour cells. II. T‐cell defects induced by small tumour cell inocula or tumour cell antigens
Authors: Chow D. A. , Paraskevas F. , Dular U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of a large number of tumour cells, like other strong immunogenic challenges, is followed within 6 h by the uptake of cytophilic Ig (probably complexes) by a subpopulation of T cells. This phenomenon, known as the “6‐hour T‐cell response” is abrogated when small tumour cell inocula (102), or small amounts of a preparation from tumour cells, which contains tumour antigens, are injected prior to the immunogenic challenge Abrogation of the “6‐hour T‐cell response” resulted in a decrease in specific anti‐tumour cell immunity as tested in vitro by measuring growth inhibition (cytostasis). It has also resulted in loss of the amplifying function on antibody formation against sheep erythrocytes, normally detected in a T‐B cell co‐operative system when T cells are used 6 h after priming with sheep erythrocytes. It is postulated that this T‐cell defect may represent a mechanism by which tumour cells, in the early stages of their growth, interfere with inductive stages of the immune response for a sufficient period of time to allow the tumour to grow beyond immune control.
Human tumor‐lymphocyte interaction in vitro. III. T lymphocytes in autologous tumor stimulation (ATS)
Authors: Vánky F. , Klein Eva , Stjernswärd J. , Rodriguez L. , Péterffy Á. , Steiner L. , Nilsonne U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe T‐cell nature of the responding cells in autologous tumor stimulation (ATS) was proven by (1) E‐rosette formation of lymphocytes attached to tumor cells during the early period of co‐cultivation; (2) blast‐transformed E‐rosetting cells detectable at the end of the test period (day 6) and (3) the reactivity of T‐enriched lymphocyte subset and unresponsiveness of T‐depleted fractions. Preparation of tumor suspensions devoid of lymphocytes made it possible to carry out cross‐tests between patients. Blastogenesis with allogeneic tumors was rare. The restricted autologous nature of the reaction is a strong indication for genuine tumor‐relatedness.
An abnormal early evening peak of plasma prolactin in nulliparous and obese post‐menopausal women
Authors: Kwa H. G. , Bulbrook R. D. , Cleton F. , Verstraeten A. A. , Hayward J. L. , Wang D. Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasma specimens were obtained in the afternoon (13.30 to 17.29 h) from 668 post‐menopausal women and in the evening (17.30 to 20.30 h) from 219 further women. The mean evening plasma prolactin level was significantly higher than that found in the afternoon (p<0.0007). Mean afternoon prolactin levels were not related to nulliparity and body weight. In nulliparous obese women the mean of the evening peak prolactin concentrations was double that of comparable women studied in the afternoon (p<0.003).
Oral contraceptives and breast disease in premenopausal northern albertan women
Authors: Lees Alan W. , Burns Patricia E. , Grace Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a prospective study on oral contraceptive use and breast disease in northern Alberta are presented. The study groups comprised all women aged 30 to 49 examined in diagnostic breast clinics at the Cross Cancer Institute between 1971 and 1974. Three hundred and one patients had breast cancer, 692 had a subsequent biopsy for a benign breast condition, and 548 had no subsequent biopsy. A tendency for an increased relative risk (RR) of breast cancer in women taking oral contraceptives for periods of 1 to 5 years was evident, with relative risk decreased or unaffected in users of less than 12 months (RR = 0.6) or more than 5 years (RR = 1.0). A slightly increased risk was apparent in patients using oral contraceptives within a year prior to attendance at the clinic (recent users); this increase was emphasized when recent users with a prior biopsy for benign breast disease were analyzed alone (RR = 5.0). In women with a prior breast biopsy, use of oral contraceptives for more than 5 years increased risk of breast cancer nine‐fold. Former users who had taken oral contraceptives for less than a year showed a significant reduction in breast cancer risk (RR = 0.3). The risk of benign breast disease was also reduced in former users (RR = 0.6) as well as in long‐term users (RR = 0.5).
Antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in patients with squamous‐cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in India
Authors: Seth Pradeep , Prakash S. S. , Ghosh D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody activity to Herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1) and type‐2 (HSV‐2) was measured by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in sera from 124 women with squamous‐cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 46 women with non‐cervical cancer and 116 matched normal women. The type‐specific antibodies were assayed by IHA inhibition test. The proportion of cervical cancer cases positive for HSV‐2 infection was significantly greater than that of non‐cervical cancer cases and matched control women. No difference was observed in the percentages positive for HSV‐1 infection among the three study groups. The mean titers of antibodies to HSV‐1 as well as HSV‐2 were significantly higher than the respective titers in the other two study groups. However, determination of type‐specific antibodies did not help in establishing evidence for past infection by HSV‐2 in patients with cervical cancer, as no type‐specific HSV‐2 antibodies were produced in 58% of the cases. The cervical cancer cases were also analysed according to clinical staging (Stages 0 to IV) and histological differentiation of squamous‐cell carcinoma. Neither the percentage of positives for HSV‐2 infection nor HSV‐antibody titers varied, either in clinical staging or in histological differentiation of cervical cancer. These findings suggest that HSV‐2 may be related to cervical cancer as an etiological agent but not as a passenger virus of carcinomatous tissue.
Mechanism of sensitivity of cultured pancreatic carcinoma to asparaginase
Authors: Wu Ming‐Chi , Arimura Grace K. , Yunis Adel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of E. coli L‐asparaginase on cultured human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa‐2) have been studied. The enzyme (1 U/ml) inhibited growth and protein synthesis in both MIA PaCa‐2 and PANC‐1, another pancreatic carcinoma cell line, but had little or no effect on human breast carcinoma or melanoma cells. The inhibition of protein synthesis by E. coli L‐asparaginase was largely reversed by L‐glutamine but not by L‐asparagine. The growth of both MIA PaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 showed absolute dependence on L‐glutamine. These results indicate that the effect of E. coli L‐asparaginase on cultured pancreatic carcinoma cells is exerted at least in part through its L‐glutaminase activity. Although the addition of L‐glutamine to the culture appeared to prevent cell death caused by L‐asparaginase, it did not restore the ability of the cells to proliferate. Asparaginase derived from vibrio succinogenes, which is virtually free of L‐glutaminase activity, was equally inhibitory to MIA PaCa‐2 cell growth but did not affect protein synthesis. It is concluded that the inhibition of growth of cultured pancreatic carcinoma cells by E. coli asparaginase is a combined function of both its L‐asparaginase and L‐glutaminase activity.
Effects on in vitro tumor growth of murine macrophages isolated from sarcoma lines differing in immunogenicity and metastasizing capacity
Authors: Mantovani Alberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophages were isolated from the strongly immunogenic, non‐metastasizing FS6 sarcoma transplanted in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and from a weakly immunogenic, spontaneously metastasizing line (mFS6) of the same tumor. Macrophages isolated from the FS6 sarcoma non‐specifically inhibited growth and DNA synthesis of tumor cells in vitro. After culture FS6 macrophages rapidly lost their cytotoxic activity and became capable of non‐specifically stimulating tumor growth in vitro. Macrophages obtained from the mFS6 tumor non‐specifically enhanced the proliferative activity of tumor target cells and this capacity was maintained when the macrophages were cultured.
Studies on epstein‐barr virus‐related antigens. III. Purification of the virus‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) from non‐producer raji cells
Authors: Matsuo T. , Hibi N. , Nishi S. , Hirai H. , Osato T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purification of Epstein‐Barr virus‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) was attempted on the basis of its biochemical and physicochemical properties and its immunological specificity, assayed by the indirect single radial immunodiffusion test and anti‐complement immunofluorescence absorption test. When non‐producer Raji cell extract was subjected to 20–60% saturated ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by DNA‐cellulose chromatography and immunoadsorbent chromatography, EBNA was purified more than 3,000 times with a 8% yield. Such purified protein was composed of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 100,000 ± 5,000, 70,000 ± 5,000 and 50,000 daltons, respectively, on SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar purification was achieved by heating the extract at 70° C for 10 min, instead of ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by DNA‐cellulose chromatography and immunoadsorbent chromatography. This final preparation consisted almost exclusively of 100,000 ± 5,000 daltons polypeptide, 50,000 polypeptide, and the 70,000 ± 5,000 polypeptide passing through the adsorbent column. These findings suggest that EBNA is probably a molecular complex of three smaller subunits of heat‐stable 100,000 ± 5,000 and 50,000 daltons and heat‐labile 70,000 ± 5,000 daltons polypeptides, respectively.
Burkitt's lymphoma in Iraq. Clinical and pathological study of forty‐seven patients
Authors: Al‐Attar Adil , Al‐Mondhiry Hamid , Al‐Bahrani Zuhair , Al‐Saleem Tahseen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical and pathological features of 47 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma seen at the University of Baghdad Teaching Hospital over the years 1969–1977 are described. There were 30 males and 17 females with a mean age of 7.5 years. All patients presented with advanced disease; 44 were in Stage III and 3 in Stage IV, (1 with central nervous system involvement; 1 with bone‐marrow involvement; 1 presented as acute leukaemia). The abdomen, with or without other sites, was involved in 42 patients. Thirty‐four patients died within 18 months, 11 in the immediate post‐operative period. Cyclophosphamide in variable dosages was administered to 29 patients with a good response in 15. The 3 patients with Stage IV disease died with poor response to therapy. Thus, in Iraq, a non‐endemic area for the disease, Burkitt's lymphoma seems to have somewhat different clinical and pathological features from the endemic (African), or the rare, sporadic disease reported eisewhere.
Cytolytic and cytostatic activity on tumor cells of circulating human monocytes
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Jerrells Thomas R. , Dean Jack H. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonocytes from the peripheral blood of normal adult human donors were found to have appreciable levels of cytotoxic activity against murine and human tumor‐cell lines. Adherent cells ( > 90% monocytes) were obtained from the peripheral blood of 29 normal healthy volunteers either by adherence on plastic and scraping with a rubber policeman or by adherence on microexudate‐coated plastic and exposure to ethylene diamine tetra‐acetic acid. Cytolytic capacity was tested by incubating effector cells for 72 h with murine and human tumor cell lines prelabelled with tritiated thy‐midine. Cytostasis was evaluated by inhibition of [125I]iododeoxyuridine (125IdUrd) uptake. Tumor target cells employed were: a murine SV40‐trans‐formed kidney line (TU5), a murine chemically‐induced sarcoma (1023), a human breast‐cancer‐derived cell line (G11) and a human lung‐cancer‐derived cell line (CaLu). Monocyte preparations at attacker to target cell ratios of 1:1 to 40:1, showed significant cytolytic and cytostatic activity against tumor target cells. Tumor cells showed different susceptibility to cytolytic activity, whereas comparable levels of cytostasls were observed with the various targets: TU5 and G11 tumor cells were more susceptible than 1023 and CaLu target cells to the cytolytic capacity of human monocytes and TU5 was used in most subsequent experiments. Peak isotope release from prelabelled target cells was observed after 72 h of incubation, whereas peak inhibition of [125I]dUrd uptake occurred after 24 h of culture. The cytotoxic capacity of monocytes isolated by either of the two methods mentioned above was similar. The monocytes had higher cytotoxic activity than unseparated mononuclear cells, and non‐adherent cells showed minimal cytotoxic effects. Cytotoxicity by natural killer cells did not appear to have a major role in these assays, since adherent cells did not lyse K562 cells in a 4‐h 51Cr release assay. Treatment with anti‐human T‐cell serum and complement did not inhibit the cytotoxic capacity of the monocyte preparations, whereas exposure to silica particles significantly inhibited the cytotoxic activity. Monocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity on tumor cells was expressed in the presence of both fetal bovine serum and human AB serum.
Reactive antibodies in the bronchial washings of lung cancer patients
Authors: Paluch Edward , Ioachim Harry L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLung‐carcinoma‐reactive antibodies have been previously isolated from tumor tissues and pleural effusions. To explore the immunoglobulin (Ig) content of bronchial secretions, bronchial washings of patients with inflammatory and neoplastic lung diseases were studied with respect to Ig levels and specificity. Expressed as Ig/potassium ratios, statistically significant increases in Ig levels were found in inflammatory diseases and even higher increases in lung carcinomas. The isolation of Ig from bronchial washings was achieved by dissociation of immune complexes at low pH, neutralization and subsequent purification by anion exchange chromatography. The isolated immunoglobulins were tested in indirect immunofluorescence against lung cancer cells of various histologic types In tissue cultures and fresh suspensions. Positive cytoplasmic fluorescence was obtained with cells of adeno carcinomas and squamous‐cell carcinomas of the lung but not with cells of normal lung. The accessibility of bronchial washings makes the investigation of their lung‐cancer‐reactive Immunoglobulins relatively easy and raises the possibility of its eventual conversion into a screening test.
Carcinogenesis of hexachlorobenzene in mice
Authors: Cabral J. R. P. , Mollner T. , Raitano F. , Shubik P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a fungicide and a by‐product in the manufacture of many chlorinated solvents and pesticides. In Turkey, between 1955 and 1959 HCB was the causative agent of an epidemic of toxic porphyria, which involved more than 3,000 people, predominantly children. HCB was studied in long‐term experiments for carcinogenicity in mice. Outbred Swiss mice were given HCB in the diet at dose levels of 50, 100 and 200 parts per million (ppm), for 101–120 weeks. Survival rates in females and males of group HCB 200 were markedly affected by deaths due to toxic manifestations of HCB. All survivors were killed at 120 weeks. Exposure to HCB resulted in an increased incidence of liver‐cell tumors in groups HCB 100 and HCB 200. No liver‐cell tumors were observed in the controls and in the group fed HCB 50. The incidence of mouse lympho‐mas was 35% in controls and 11% in HCB 200. The decrease reflects probably the shortest life‐span of HCB‐treated animals. The incidence of lung tumors was higher in controls than in the treated groups, but the multiplicity (nodule/mouse) was approximately the same in all groups. In a separate experiment 30 female and 30 male mice were administered 300 ppm HCB in the diet for only 15 weeks. Most of the males died early. The survival rate at 110 weeks of age was 10% and comparable to that of controls. Two mice in the HCB 300 group developed liver‐cell tumors. The proportion of tumor‐bearing animals and the incidence of lymphomas, lung adenomas and other tumor types in HCB 300 mice were similar to those reported in control animals. The present results indicate the carcinogenicity effect of HCB in mice.
Rigid plasma‐membrane‐derived vesicles, enriched in tumour‐associated surface antigens (MLr), occurring in the ascites fluid of a murine leukaemia (GRSL)
Authors: van Blitterswijk W. J. , Emmelot P. , Hilkmann H. A. M. , Hilgers J. , Feltkamp C. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtracellular membraneous vesicles of GRSL leukaemia cells were isolated from the ascites fluid bathing the cells in vivo, and from cell washes. Mammary tumour virus‐induced antigens (MLr) expressed on the surface of the cells are enriched on these vesicles as compared to plasma membranes isolated from the cell homogenate. The lipid fluidity of the vesicles is much smaller than that of the plasma membranes, and the content of the pertinent lipid parameters, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, are accordingly greatly increased. The extracellular vesicles which are also enriched in sialic acid and 5‐nucleotidase are apparently derived from the plasma membrane, probably at least partly by exfoliation of selected parts or domains of the surface of living cells. An analogy between this shedding of vesicles, the formation of endocytotic vesicles and the budding of viruses is noted; all these processes select or assemble rigid lipid domains of the cell membrane. The possible participation of surface microvilli and sub‐lethal autolysis in the process of shedding is discussed.
Tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) and its neutralisation by a xenogeneic antiserum
Authors: Phillips Paul , Kumar Shant 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) has been extracted from a variety of animal and human tumours. Its ability to induce neovascularization in two bioassays, viz. rat air‐sac and chick chorio‐allantoic membrane, is demonstrated. Similar extracts from normal tissues fail to induce angiogenesis. TAF extracts have been used to raise a xenogeneic antiserum, the specificity of which was investigated using classical immunological methods. Its ability to neutralize the biological activity of TAF using the two in vivo assays, was also demonstrated.
Enhanced induction of growth of B lymphoblasts from fresh human blood by primate type‐C retroviruses (gibbon ape leukemia virus and simian sarcoma virus)
Authors: Markham P. D. , Ruscetti F. , Salahuddin S. Z. , Gallagher R. E. , Gallo R. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell lines were established from the fresh peripheral blood of over 50% (11 of 21) of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) seropositive human donors after exposure to viruses of the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)—simian sarcoma virus/simian sarcoma‐associated virus (SiSV/SiSAV) group. The incidence of growth induction upon exposure to baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or to uninfected monolayer cultures was lower than 10%. Leukocytes from the peripheral blood of leukemic patients gave similar results, but exposure of fresh peripheral blood from eight normal EBV seronegative donors to the same viruses did not result in induction of cell growth. The established cell lines were polyclonal B‐lympho‐blasts as determined by morphological cytochemlcal, immunological and functional properties. The cells expressed EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA test), formed rosettes with complement‐activated sheep or bovine erythrocytes (EAC‐rosette test), but not with untreated erythrocytes (E‐rosette test), and were positive for one or more surface‐bound immunoglobullns. They were also karyotypically normal as determined by standard chromosome analysis and by trypsin‐Giemsa banding techniques. However, unlike other reported newly‐established diploid B‐lymphoblast cell lines, cells from approximately 80% of the cultures tested grew as locally invasive tumors when inoculated into 1‐to 3‐week‐old athymic nude mice and formed colonies in semi‐solid medium. Lymphoblasts from nude mouse tumors were readily re‐established as suspension cultures which retained their lymphoblastic properties and remained karyotypically normal. These studies indicate that under certain conditions, type‐C retroviruses of the GALV‐SISV/ SISAV group directly or indirectly increase the incidence of transformation of human B lymphocytes.