bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of TLS DNA polymerases eta and kappa in processing naturally occurring structured DNA in human cells
Authors: Bétous Rémy , Rey Laurie , Wang Guliang , Pillaire Marie‐Jeanne , Puget Nadine , Selves Janick , Biard Denis S.F. , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Vasquez Karen M. , Cazaux Christophe , Hoffmann Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAccurate DNA replication during S‐phase is fundamental to maintain genome integrity. During this critical process, replication forks frequently encounter obstacles that impede their progression. While the regulatory pathways which act in response to exogenous replication stress are beginning to emerge, the mechanisms by which fork integrity is maintained at naturally occurring endogenous replication‐impeding sequences remains obscure. Notably, little is known about how cells replicate through special chromosomal regions containing structured non‐B DNA, for example, G4 quartets, known to hamper fork progression or trigger chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we have investigated the role in this process of the human translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases of the Y‐family (pol η, pol ι, and pol κ), specialized enzymes known to synthesize DNA through DNA damage. We show that depletion by RNA interference of expression of the genes for Pol η or Pol κ, but not Pol ι, sensitizes U2OS cells treated with the G4‐tetraplex interactive compound telomestatin and triggers double‐strand breaks in HeLa cells harboring multiple copies of a G‐rich sequence from the promoter region of the human c‐MYC gene, chromosomally integrated as a transgene. Moreover, we found that downregulation of Pol κ only raises the level of DSB in HeLa cells containing either one of two breakage hotspot structured DNA sequences in the chromosome, the major break region (Mbr) of BCL‐2 gene and the GA rich region from the far right‐hand end of the genome of the Kaposi Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus. These data suggest that naturally occurring DNA structures are physiological substrates of both pol η and pol κ. We discuss these data in the light of their downregulation in human cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nip2/centrobin may be a substrate of Nek2 that is required for proper spindle assembly during mitosis in early mouse embryos
Authors: Sonn Seongkeun , Jeong Yeontae , Rhee Kunsoo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNek2 is a mitotic kinase with multiple cellular functions involving phosphorylation of diverse substrates. Suppression of Nek2 in early mouse embryos has been shown to arrest development at the 4‐cell stage with defects in mitotic spindle assembly as well as in interphase nuclear morphology. In the present study, we suppressed expression of two Nek2 centrosomal substrates, Nip2 and C‐Nap1, in early mouse embryos. The development of the Nip2‐suppressed embryo was arrested at the 4‐cell stage with mitotic defects in the blastomeres. In contrast, C‐Nap1 suppression did not produce a visible phenotype. The phenotypic similarities of the Nip2‐ and Nek2‐suppressed embryos suggest that Nip2 may be a substrate of Nek2 that is required for mitotic spindle assembly in early mouse embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 587–592, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular signal transduction pathways in the regulation of fowl sperm motility: Evidence for the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) cascade
Authors: Ashizawa Koji , Omura Yusuke , Katayama Seiichi , Tatemoto Hideki , Narumi Kazunori , Tsuzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe possible role of PI3‐K in the reversible temperature‐dependent immobilization of fowl sperm motility was investigated by using PI3‐K inhibitor (LY294002) and its inactive analogue (LY303511). The existence of the PI3‐K in fowl spermatozoa was also confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Fowl sperm motility in TES/NaCl buffer remained negligible at the avian body temperature of 40°C but was maintained vigorously when the temperature was decreased to 30°C. At 30°C, no stimulation or inhibition of motility was observed after the addition of 2 mM CaCl2 and 10 µM LY294002 or LY303511: around 70–80% of spermatozoa remained motile. In contrast, at 40°C, the motility of spermatozoa was activated immediately after the addition of Ca2+, but the subsequent addition of LY294002 inhibited the motility again. The addition of LY303511 did not appreciably affect the Ca2+‐supplemented sperm motility, which was maintained for at least 15 min. The ATP concentrations of spermatozoa after the addition of LY294002 + Ca2+ or LY303511 + Ca2+ were almost the same values compared with those of Ca2+ alone at 40°C, suggesting that the addition of LY294002 was not simply affecting membrane damage or inhibiting energy production in the spermatozoa, but may be acting on some part of the motility‐regulating cascade. Immunoblotting of sperm extract using an antibody to PI3‐K revealed a major cross‐reacting protein of 85 kDa, which corresponds to the molecular weight of the subunit of PI3‐K. These results suggest that PI3‐K may be positively involved in the calcium‐regulated maintenance of flagellar movement of fowl spermatozoa at 40°C. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 603–610, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of brain metabolite distributions by volumetric proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI)
Authors: Maudsley A.A. , Domenig C. , Govind V. , Darkazanli A. , Studholme C. , Arheart K. , Bloomer C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDistributions of proton MR‐detected metabolites have been mapped throughout the brain in a group of normal subjects using a volumetric MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) acquisition with an interleaved water reference. Data were processed with intensity and spatial normalization to enable voxel‐based analysis methods to be applied across a group of subjects. Results demonstrate significant regional, tissue, and gender‐dependent variations of brain metabolite concentrations, and variations of these distributions with normal aging. The greatest alteration of metabolites with age was observed for white‐matter choline and creatine. An example of the utility of the normative metabolic reference information is then demonstrated for analysis of data acquired from a subject who suffered a traumatic brain injury. This study demonstrates the ability to obtain proton spectra from a wide region of the brain and to apply fully automated processing methods. The resultant data provide a normative reference for subsequent utilization for studies of brain injury and disease. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human osteoarchaeology in the UK 2001–2007: a bibliometric perspective
Authors: Mays S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBibliometric analysis of osteoarchaeology publications covering the period 2001–2007 in leading journals was carried out. The aims were two‐fold: firstly, to characterise research in this field in the UK and make comparisons with selected other countries, and secondly, to shed light on the use of skeletal collections. It was found that, since a previous survey of this type,covering the period 1991–1995, isotopic and DNA studies have increased. In the UK, work on biodistance studies is minor compared with other countries, and the proportion of palaeopathology work is high. In palaeopathology, substantial effort continues to be devoted to case studies, particularly in the UK where the frequency of problem‐orientated work directed at understanding earlier populations has not increased since the early 1990s. Although it is argued that the case study still has a place in osteoarchaeology, the balance of work needs to shift further in favour of population studies, particularly in the UK. Skeletal collections are vital for primary osteoarchaeological work, and there was little evidence for any great use of skeletal databases such as the Standard Osteological Database. Skeletal collections from the UK were the most used for the research papers analysed, demonstrating the importance of UK‐held collections for research that leads to high profile publication in the international scientific literature. These observations are pertinent since legal, ethical and practical issues in the treatment of human remains, particularly those connected with retention of skeletal collections, are now coming under closer scrutiny in the UK. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of copolymers composition on the electrochemical, thermal, and electrical behavior of 5‐lithiosulphoisophthalic acid doped poly(aniline‐co‐2‐isopropylaniline): synthesis, characterization, and applications
Authors: Bhandari Hema , Choudhary Veena , Dhawan S. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe paper reports the synergistic effect of substituent, i.e. isopropyl group on electrical, thermal, and processability of polyaniline in the presence of 5‐lithiosulphoisophthalic acid (LiSIPA). The presence of substituent not only affects the electrochemical redox behavior of polyaniline but also brings changes in the optical and electronic properties of polyaniline. Evaluation of the copolymers as corrosion inhibitor for iron in 1.0 N HCl using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel extrapolation method shows that the copolymers and homopolymer show corrosion inhibition efficiency ranging from 69 to 80% depending upon the composition of the copolymers. The copolymers doped with LiSIPA were soluble in organic solvents like methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, N‐methyl pyrrolidinone, and chloroform. The compositions of the copolymers were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The conductivity of the polymers was found to be in the order of 4.9 to 10−3 S cm−1 depending upon the comonomer ratios and concentration of dopant. Cyclic voltammetry of the copolymers shows a shift in peak potential value from 0.157 to 0.398 V when the monomer ratio of aniline to 2‐isopropylaniline in the polymerization reaction was changed from 0.9:0.1 to 0.5:0.5. The polymers were characterized by FTIR and UV‐visible spectroscopy, NMR, X‐ray diffraction, TGA, DSC, and cyclic voltammetry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol consumption among Canadians taking benzodiazepines and related drugs
Authors: Veldhuizen Scott , Wade Terrance J. , Cairney John 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeBenzodiazepines and related drugs (BZDs) are widely used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other conditions. The combination of BZDs with alcohol increases risk for oversedation, abuse, dependence and accidents. This study examines drinking behaviour among Canadians taking BZDs.MethodsWe use data from cycle 1.2 of the Canadian Community Health Survey, a large (n = 36 984) population survey conducted in 2002 by Statistics Canada. We use bivariate methods and logistic regression to test the independent association between BZD use and 2 levels of recent drinking in the general population, and then examine associations between drinking and sociodemographic factors within the group of BZD users.ResultsAny drinking and heavy drinking are less common among users of BZDs than among other respondents, but these differences are small (any drinking, OR = 0.77, p = 0.02; heavy drinking, OR = 0.81, p = 0.13) when differences in respondent characteristics are controlled statistically. Among BZD users, any drinking is associated with male sex, younger age and not meeting criteria for a past‐year anxiety disorder. Heavy drinking is associated only with younger age.ConclusionsHeavy alcohol use is uncommon among users of BZDs, and the combination of alcohol and BZD use is rare in the general population. Differences between BZD users and others are not large when other factors are taken into account, however, which may call into question the effectiveness of physician and pharmacist warnings against this combination. People treated for an anxiety disorder with BZDs may be less likely to use alcohol than those taking them for other indications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Questionnaire design and the recall of pharmacological treatments: a systematic review
Authors: Gama Helena , Correia Sofia , Lunet Nuno 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to review systematically the published evidence regarding the effect of questionnaire design on the recall of pharmacological treatments.MethodsThe electronic databases Pubmed®, EMBASE™, and Cochrane® Library were searched from inception to October 2007, using the following search terms: drug utilization, pharmaceutical preparations, pharmacoepidemiology, validation studies, methods, epidemiologic methods, interviews, data collection, and questionnaires. Drug utilization studies comparing different types of questionnaire or methods of questionnaire administration were included. Backward and forward citation tracking were also conducted.ResultsEight studies were included in the systematic review, comparing questions asking for specific drugs or indications with open‐ended questions (n = 5), evaluating the use of memory aids (n = 1), or studying the influence of response order on recall (n = 2). The studies were heterogeneous, namely regarding the populations evaluated (e.g., pregnant women, hypertensive patients, general population), mode of questionnaire administration (e.g., personal or telephone interview, self‐administered), recall period (e.g., current use, 1 week, previous episode of a disease), or drugs evaluated (e.g., analgesics, antimalarials, all medicines). Despite the lack of standardization in presentation of results, the prevalence of drug use may vary between 5 and 40% when drug names and indications or pictures are used as memory aids, or as a result of primacy effects in self‐administered questionnaires. The yielding of the questionnaires depended on the pharmacological groups evaluated.ConclusionsScientific work regarding methods for drug utilization data collection is scarce. The available evidence highlights the importance of knowing the questionnaire characteristics for a proper interpretation of results from drug utilization studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen bond‐mediated self‐assembly and supramolecular structures of diblock copolymer mixtures
Authors: Kuo Shiao‐Wei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis review summarizes recent advances in the preparation of hydrogen bonding block copolymer mixtures and the supramolecular structures they form through multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. Hydrogen bonding in block copolymer mixtures that form nanostructures and have unusual electronic, photonic and magnetic properties is a topic of great interest in polymer science. Combining the self‐assembly of block copolymers with supramolecular structures offers unique possibilities to create new materials with tunable and responsive properties. The self‐assembly of structures from diblock copolymer mixtures in the bulk state is readily controlled by varying the weight fraction of the block copolymer mixture and the copolymer composition; in solution, the morphologies are dependent on the copolymer composition, the copolymer concentration, the nature of the common solvent, the amount of the selective solvent and, most importantly, the hydrogen bonding strength. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Crosslinking of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) induced by coordination with anhydrous copper sulfate
Authors: Ibarra Luís , Rodríguez Andrés , Mora‐Barrantes Irene 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Crosslinking induced by non‐covalent interactions in rubber materials is currently attracting a great deal of interest because of its perceived reversibility. Some thermoplastic elastomers and ionic elastomers, which are crosslinked by physical entanglements and ionic bonds, respectively, have already been investigated. The present work is centred on the study of the influence of coordination bonds on the physical properties of crosslinked materials. These bonds are formed on addition of copper sulfate.RESULTS: In this context, the effect of crosslinking of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) by anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4) on crosslink reaction and mechanical and mechano‐dynamic properties is studied. The influence of different levels of CuSO4 and the addition of conventional filler, carbon black, on the network is studied. The presence of nitrile (CN) in the elastomeric chains leads to the formation of coordination bonds with the nitrile groups. The formation of ionic bonds between copper ions and carboxylic groups can be deduced from X‐ray photoelectron, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared and NMR analyses and vulcanization measurements. The dynamic response of the material does not show a secondary transition, the so‐called ionic transition typical of ionic elastomers, since ionic bonds do not lead to a separated ionic microphase, immersed in the elastomeric matrix.CONCLUSION: As expected, the crosslink density of the polymer network increases with the amount of crosslinking agent. Because of the presence of polymer–filler interactions, an increase in crosslink density is observed. However, these interactions seem not to affect the formation of coordination or ionic bonds. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
School‐based prevention and intervention programs for children with emotional disturbance: A review of treatment components and methodology
Authors: Reddy Linda A. , De Thomas Courtney Anne , Newman Erik , Chun Victoria 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSchool practitioners and educators are frequently challenged by the diverse and pervasive academic, social, and behavioral needs of children at risk for and with emotional disturbance. The present article examines the outcome literature on school‐based prevention and intervention programs by systematically reviewing the key treatment interventions and methodology used. A total of 29 investigations including 1,405 children and adolescents were reviewed and coded on 41 variables across three dimensions (i.e., sample characteristics, treatment components, and methodology). Single subject and group design studies were included. Behavioral and/or cognitive behavioral treatment approaches were primary used. Deficit‐based assessment and treatment approaches (i.e., problem behaviors) were predominately used in the outcome literature with few investigations incorporating strength‐based outcome approaches. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Instructional practices and behavior during reading: A descriptive summary and comparison of practices in title one and non‐title elementary schools
Authors: Stichter Janine P. , Stormont Melissa , Lewis Timothy J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIncreasing achievement for all students is a focus of general and special education reform today. Especially in the area of reading, there are many children who are at risk for failure. The purpose of this study was to describe teachers' use of instructional time during literacy with students at schools with (Title One) and without (non‐Title) high percentages of students in poverty. Teachers and students from 35 classrooms were each observed for approximately 5 hours, for a total of 175 observation hours. Teachers identified the time when they consistently taught literacy and were observed in 1‐hour increments across 5 days. The Setting Factors Assessment Tool was used to measure the instructional context, teacher behavior, and student behavior. Main results from descriptive and statistical analyses indicate that teachers spent the majority of literacy time in whole group (40%) and independent work (32%). Only small percentages of instructional time were spent in peer work (8%), small‐group work (8%), and transition (8%). When comparing Title One and non‐Title classrooms, teachers in Title One classrooms used significantly more noninstructional related talk, had more instructional down time, and a higher number of student exits during instruction. A discussion of the limitations of this study and need for future research to extend these findings follows. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of cadmium exposure on the globin protein expression in 4th instar larvae of Chironomus riparius Mg. (Diptera: Chironomidae): An ecotoxicoproteomics approach
Authors: Choi Jinhee , Ha Mi‐Hee 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn order to identify Chironomus hemoglobin (Hb) as a biomarker of ecotoxicity monitoring; herein, the effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) on Hb parameters were investigated in the 4th instar larvae of Chironomus riparius. The expressions of globin mRNA and hemolymph protein, using ecotoxicoproteomic approach, were investigated. Conventional ecotoxicity tests were also conducted to validate the ecotoxicological relevance of the response of Chironomus Hb as a biomarker. The proteomic analysis indicated that exposure to Cd lead alteration in the expression of hemolymph protein, with the total expressions of 12 hemolymph protein spots decreasing in response to treatment, with that of two increasing in response to Cd exposure. In addition, all of the spots differentially expressed in response to Cd treatment were identified as globin proteins. The decreased total Hb content observed in the hemolymph of larvae exposed to Cd suggested that the decreased expression of selected globin proteins in response to Cd exposure impacted on Hb synthesis. The overall results suggested that Hb could be a target molecule for exposure to Cd in C. riparius, with a proteomic approach appearing to be an ideal tool for the discovery of biomarkers in ecotoxicological research.
Star polystyrene‐b‐hyperbranched polyglycidol: Synthesis and ionic conductivity
Authors: Peng Yun , Liu Hewen , Zhang Xingyuan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work, novel star‐hyperbranched block copolymers containing four polystyrene arms and hyperbranched polyglycidol at the end of each arm (sPS‐b‐HPG) have been synthesized. The polystyrene arms were prepared through atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene starting from a four‐arm initiator. The hydroxyl‐terminated PS star polymers served as precursors for the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of glycidol using BF3·OEt2 as the catalyst. The chemical structures of these block copolymers were characterized by using 1H and 13C NMR. DSC analysis indicated that the star‐hyperbranched block copolymers exhibited two distinct glass transition temperatures corresponding to the linear PS and the HPG segments, respectively. The addition of LiClO4 increased the Tg of HPG segments at low concentrations, however, decreased the Tg at high concentrations. The Tg of PS segments was not affected by the addition of salts at all. Furthermore, the interaction of sPS‐b‐HPG with LiBr was studied by using viscosity analysis based on the Jones–Dole equation. The star‐like PS core strengthened the interaction of sPS‐b‐HPG with Li ions that could facile the inhomogeneous distribution of Li cations and anions in different phases, which is important in polymeric electrolytes for lithium chemical power sources. The ionic conductivity of one sPS‐b‐HPG/LiClO4 electrolyte was measured to be higher than that of HPG/LiClO4 electrolyte. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 949–958, 2009