bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low calcium intake is associated with increased bone resorption in postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study
Authors: Nakamura Kazutoshi , Saito Toshiko , Yoshihara Akihiro , Ishikawa Miki , Tsuchiya Yasuo , Oshiki Rieko , Kobayashi Ryosaku , Maruyama Keiko , Hyodo Keiko , Nashimoto Mitsue , Tsugawa Naoko , Okano Toshio , Oyama Mari , Yamamoto Masaharu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveLow Ca intake is common among Japanese women, but its effect on bone metabolism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between Ca intake and serum markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal Japanese women.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA community setting.SubjectsSubjects were 595 home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. Ca intake was assessed by a validated FFQ. Serum type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTX) and osteocalcin were measured as markers of bone turnover. The relationships between demographic characteristics, lifestyles, serum Ca, vitamin D and intact serum parathyroid hormone and bone turnover were also assessed.ResultsThe average age of the subjects was 64·5 (sd 5·8) years and the mean Ca intake was 527 (sd 160) mg/d. Ca intake was significantly associated with serum NTX (P = 0·0104), but not with serum osteocalcin. Mean serum NTX concentration in the lowest quartile of Ca intake (<417 mg/d) was significantly higher than in the fourth, referent quartile. Among these Japanese postmenopausal women, very low Ca intake (less than ∼400 mg/d) was associated with increased bone resorption but not bone formation.ConclusionsIncreased bone resorption may be one mechanism by which this Ca-depleted population normalizes bone metabolism and prevents osteoporosis.
Selenium level is associated withapoE ε4in rural elderly Chinese
Authors: Gao Sujuan , Jin Yinlong , Hall Kathleen S , Liang Chaoke , Unverzagt Frederick W , Ma Feng , Cheng Yibin , Shen Jianzhao , Cao Jingxiang , Matesan Janetta , Li Ping , Bian Jianchao , Hendrie Hugh C , Murrell Jill R 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveSe is an essential trace element in human nutrition associated with antioxidant activity. Previous studies on predictors of toenail Se or serum Se have mostly concentrated on demographic factors such as age and gender. The present paper examines the association betweenapoEgenotype and Se levels in nail samples in a rural elderly Chinese cohort.DesignTwo thousand Chinese aged 65 years and over from four counties in China were enrolled in a cohort to study the association of Se with cognitive decline. Nail samples were collected from each participant and analysed for Se levels. Dietary Se intake was estimated from an FFQ using Se contents measured in food items collected from each village. Blood samples on filter cards were collected and analysed forapoEgenotype. Mixed-effect models were constructed with nail Se level as the dependent variable and each village as the random effect, which controlled for the potential confounding effect from correlation in Se measures obtained from participants residing in the same village.ResultsIn this elderly Chinese cohort, carriers of theapoE ε4allele had significantly lower Se levels measured in nail samples than non-carriers after adjusting for other significant covariates and controlling for estimated dietary Se intake. There was no significant difference between the two genotypes on estimated Se dietary intake (P= 0·6451).ConclusionsFuture studies are needed to examine the mechanism underlying the association between theapoE ε4allele and Se levels, including the role of oxidative stress and that of reduced lipid metabolism in theapoE ε4carriers.
Inter- and intra-habitat bacterial diversity associated with cold-water corals
Authors: Schöttner Sandra , Hoffmann Friederike , Wild Christian , Rapp Hans Tore , Boetius Antje , Ramette Alban 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The discovery of large ecosystems of cold-water corals (CWC), stretching along continental margins in depths of hundreds to thousands of meters, has raised many questions regarding their ecology, biodiversity and relevance as deep-sea hard-ground habitat. This study represents the first investigation that explicitly targets bacterial diversity from distinct microbial habitats associated with the cosmopolitan reef-building coral Lophelia pertusa, and also compares natural (fjord) and controlled (aquarium) conditions. Coral skeleton surface, coral mucus, ambient seawater and reef sediments clearly showed habitat-specific differences in community structure and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number. Especially in the natural environment, bacterial communities associated with coral-generated habitats were significantly more diverse than those present in the surrounding, non-coral habitats, or those in artificial coral living conditions (fjord vs aquarium). These findings strongly indicate characteristic coral–microbe associations and, furthermore, suggest that the variety of coral-generated habitats within reef systems promotes microbial diversity in the deep ocean.
Despite strong seasonal responses, soil microbial consortia are more resilient to long-term changes in rainfall than overlying grassland
Authors: Cruz-Martínez Karelyn , Suttle K Blake , Brodie Eoin L , Power Mary E , Andersen Gary L , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Climate change impacts on soil microbial communities could alter the structure of terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles of the Earth. We used 16S rRNA gene microarrays to evaluate changes in the composition of grassland soil microbial communities under rainfall amendments simulating alternative climate change scenarios, and to compare these to responses of overlying plants and invertebrates. Following 5 years of rainfall manipulation, soil bacteria and archaea in plots where natural rain was supplemented differed little from ambient controls, despite profound treatment-related changes in the overlying grassland. During the sixth and seventh year, seasonal differences in bacterial and archaeal assemblages emerged among treatments, but only when watering exacerbated or alleviated periods of particularly aberrant conditions in the ambient climate. In contrast to effects on plants and invertebrates, effects on bacteria and archaea did not compound across seasons or years, indicating that soil microbial communities may be more robust than associated aboveground macroorganisms to certain alterations in climate.
Presence of Aspergillus sydowii, a pathogen of gorgonian sea fans in the marine sponge Spongia obscura
Authors: Ein-Gil Neta , Ilan Micha , Carmeli Shmuel , Smith Garriet W , Pawlik Joseph R , Yarden Oded 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus sydowii is the causative agent of epidemics that affect gorgonian corals (sea fans) and has significantly affected their populations in the Caribbean Sea. We have isolated a strain of A. sydowii from healthy marine sponges (Spongia obscura) collected in Bahamian inshore waters. After its identification on the basis of morphology, molecular markers and chemical profiling followed by pathogenicity tests, we found this strain to be highly similar to a strain isolated from diseased coral, and have shown the capacity of this fungus to persist in sponge environment. Our findings suggest that sponges have the possibility of being reservoirs of a potential marine pathogen.
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children—Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Harper Scott A. , Bradley John S. , Englund Janet A. , File Thomas M. , Gravenstein Stefan , Hayden Frederick G. , McGeer Allison J. , Neuzil Kathleen M. , Pavia Andrew T. , Tapper Michael L. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Zimmerman Richard K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGuidelines for the treatment of persons with influenza virus infection were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The evidence-based guidelines encompass diagnostic issues, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal (interpandemic) influenza. They are intended for use by physicians in all medical specialties with direct patient care, because influenza virus infection is common in communities during influenza season and may be encountered by practitioners caring for a wide variety of patients.
CodonExplorer: an online tool for analyzing codon usage and sequence composition, scaling from genes to genomes
Authors: Hamady Micah , Wilson Stephanie A. , Zaneveld Jesse , Sueoka Noboru , Knight Rob 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
DNA composition in general, and codon usage in particular, is crucial for understanding gene function and evolution. CodonExplorer, available online at http://bmf.colorado.edu/codonexplorer/, is an online tool and interactive database that contains millions of genes, allowing rapid exploration of the factors governing gene and genome compositional evolution and exploiting GC content and codon usage frequency to identify genes with composition suggesting high levels of expression or horizontal transfer.
Contact: rob@spot.colorado.edu
The influence of the environment on the variability of monthly tuna biomass around a moored, fish-aggregating device
Authors: Doray Mathieu , Petitgas Pierre , Nelson Laetitia , Mahévas Stéphanie , Josse Erwan , Reynal Lionel 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Doray, M., Petitgas, P., Nelson, L., Mahévas, S., Josse, E., and Reynal, L. 2009. The influence of the environment on the variability of monthly tuna biomass around a moored, fish-aggregating device. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1410–1416. Fish-aggregating devices (FADs) are increasingly used worldwide to enhance tuna catches. Meanwhile, ecosystem-based management of this fishery is constrained by a paucity of information regarding the interaction of FAD-associated tuna aggregations with their local environment. This paper reports the results of a nine-month study around a FAD moored near Martinique Island, aimed at assessing the effects of the local environment on the variability of monthly estimates of proximate tuna biomass. Dual-frequency, active acoustics provided high-resolution quantitative data on the pelagic community around the FAD, from fish to micronekton forage. Geostatistics were used to compute biomass estimates of the tuna aggregation comprising most of the FAD-associated fish biomass, with a sampling error of 27%. Environmental variability was summarized by a small set of principal components (PCs) derived from profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen vs. depth; and maps of chlorophyll a derived from remotely sensed, sea surface colour. A generalized linear model was used to relate tuna biomass to environmental PCs and revealed a positive correlation between tuna abundance and: (i) a micronekton layer sensed at 38 kHz and potentially consisting of preferred prey at ∼180-m depth; and (ii) low subsurface salinity (60–80 m). These favourable environmental conditions may be related to the presence of North Brazilian Current eddies that migrating tuna follow when not temporally associated with the FADs.
Enhanced Tolerance to Chilling Stress in OsMYB3R-2 Transgenic Rice Is Mediated by Alteration in Cell Cycle and Ectopic Expression of Stress Genes
Authors: Ma Qibin , Dai Xiaoyan , Xu Yunyuan , Guo Jing , Liu Yaju , Chen Na , Xiao Jun , Zhang Dajian , Xu Zhihong , Zhang Xiansheng , Chong Kang 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
MYB transcription factors play central roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. How stress affects development is poorly understood. Here, we show that OsMYB3R-2 functions in both stress and developmental processes in rice (Oryza sativa). Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMYB3R-2 exhibited enhanced cold tolerance. Cold treatment greatly induced the expression of OsMYB3R-2, which encodes an active transcription factor. We show that OsMYB3R-2 specifically bound to a mitosis-specific activator cis-element, (T/C)C(T/C)AACGG(T/C)(T/C)A, a conserved sequence that was found in promoters of cyclin genes such as OsCycB1;1 and OsKNOLLE2. In addition, overexpression of OsMYB3R-2 in rice led to higher transcript levels of several G2/M phase-specific genes, including OsCycB1;1, OsCycB2;1, OsCycB2;2, and OsCDC20.1, than those in OsMYB3R-2 antisense lines or wild-type plants in response to cold treatment. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increased cell mitotic index in overexpressed transgenic lines of OsMYB3R-2 after cold treatment. Furthermore, resistance to cold stress in the transgenic plants overexpressing OsCycB1;1 was also enhanced. The level of cellular free proline was increased in the overexpressed rice lines of OsMYB3R-2 and OsCycB1;1 transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants under the cold treatment. These results suggest that OsMYB3R-2 targets OsCycB1;1 and regulates the progress of the cell cycle during chilling stress. OsCPT1, which may be involved in the dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 1A pathway, showed the same transcription pattern in response to cold as did OsCycB1;1 in transgenic rice. Therefore, a cold resistance mechanism in rice could be mediated by regulating the cell cycle, which is controlled by key genes including OsMYB3R-2.
Physiological Roles of GlutathioneS-Transferases in Soybean Root Nodules
Authors: Dalton David A. , Boniface Chris , Turner Zachary , Lindahl Amy , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Jelinek Laura , Govindarajulu Manjula , Finger Richard E. , Taylor Christopher G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGlutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of toxic xenobiotics and oxidatively produced compounds to reduced glutathione, which facilitates their metabolism, sequestration, or removal. We report here that soybean (Glycine max) root nodules contain at least 14 forms of GST, with GST9 being most prevalent, as measured by both real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and identification of peptides in glutathione-affinity purified extracts. GST8 was prevalent in stems and uninfected roots, whereas GST2/10 prevailed in leaves. Purified, recombinant GSTs were shown to have wide-ranging kinetic properties, suggesting that the suite of GSTs could provide physiological flexibility to deal with numerous stresses. Levels of GST9 increased with aging, suggesting a role related to senescence. RNA interference studies of nodules on composite plants showed that a down-regulation of GST9 led to a decrease in nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity and an increase in oxidatively damaged proteins. These findings indicate that GSTs are abundant in nodules and likely function to provide antioxidant defenses that are critical to support nitrogen fixation.
Occurrence of the African subgroup (Ia) of BK polyomavirus in younger Japanese children
Authors: Tanaka Kaori , Hori Tsukasa , Hatakeyama Naoki , Yamamoto Masaki , Takayama Rumiko , Yoto Yuko , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Hayashi Toshiaki , Ikeda Yukiho , Ikeda Hiroshi , Ishida Tadao , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTBK polyomavirus (BKV) is ubiquitous among humans, usually infecting them asymptomatically during childhood. BKV persists in renal tissue of individuals and their progeny are excreted in urine, particularly in immunocompromised patients. JC virus, another human polyomavirus, has been considered to be transmitted from parents to children during prolonged cohabitation. However, BKV has been supposed to be transmitted not only within but also outside the family. In the present study, to clarify this possibility, we analyzed phylogenetically 35 BKV which were excreted in the urine by Japanese children and adults undergoing stem cell transplantation. Subtypes I, III and IV were detected in 15, two and one children and in 15, one and one adults, respectively. Among 15 subtype I isolates from children, three, four and eight belonged to subgroups Ia, Ib‐1 and Ic, respectively. All the three children from whom Ia was detected were less than 9 years old. In contrast in the adults, three subtype I belonged to Ib‐1 and the other 12 to Ic. These findings may reflect the recent transmission of BKV Ia strains to Japanese children.
Chemotherapeutic agents potentiate adenoviral gene therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Egami Takuya , Ohuchida Kenoki , Miyoshi Kei , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Onimaru Manabu , Toma Hiroki , Sato Norihiro , Matsumoto Kunio , Tanaka Masao 
Published: March 2009

Adenovirus‐mediated gene therapy combined with chemotherapeutic agents is expected to represent a new approach for treating pancreatic cancer. However, there have been no reports of definitive effects of chemotherapeutic agents on adenovirus‐mediated gene therapies. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the transduction efficiency of an adenovirus‐based gene therapy. Adenovirus (Ad‐NK4) expressing NK4, which acts as a hepatocyte growth factor antagonist, was used as a representative gene therapy. Pancreatic cancer cells infected with Ad‐NK4 were treated with chemotherapeutic agents (5‐fluorouracil [5FU], cisplatin or etoposide), and the NK4 levels in their culture media were measured. To examine the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in vivo, Ad‐NK4 was administered to subcutaneous tumors in mice after treatment with the agents, and the tumor NK4 levels were measured. The NK4 levels in culture media from cells treated with 5FU, cisplatin and etoposide were 5.2‐fold (P = 0.026), 6‐fold (P < 0.001) and 4.3‐fold (P < 0.001) higher than those of untreated cells, respectively. The chemotherapeutic agents also increased Ad‐NK4 uptake. The NK4 levels in tumors treated with 5FU, cisplatin and etoposide were 5.4‐fold (P = 0.006), 11.8‐fold (P < 0.001) and 4.9‐fold (P = 0.017) higher than those in untreated tumors, respectively. The present findings suggest that chemotherapeutic agents significantly improve the efficiency of adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, they will contribute to decreases in the adenovirus doses required for gene transfer, thereby controlling the side‐effects of adenovirus infection in normal tissues. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 722–729)
Does a rise in the BCR‐ABL1 transcript level identify chronic phase CML patients responding to imatinib who have a high risk of cytogenetic relapse?
Authors: Marin David , Khorashad Jamshid S. , Foroni Letizia , Milojkovic Dragana , Szydlo Richard , Reid Alistair G. , Rezvani Katayoun , Bua Marco , Goldman John M. , Apperley Jane F. 
Published: March 2009

Summary BCR‐ABL1 transcript numbers were monitored in 161 patients who started treatment with imatinib early after diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase and achieved complete cytogenetic responses (CCyR). A confirmed doubling in BCR‐ABL1/ABL1 transcript levels was found to be a significant factor for predicting loss of CCyR [relative risk (RR) 8·3, P < 0·0001] and progression to advanced phase (RR 0·07, P = 0·03) provided that the eventual BCR‐ABL1/ABL1 transcript level exceeded 0·05%; increases that never exceeded 0·05% had no predictive value. The finding of a kinase domain mutation in a patient in CCyR, though rare, also predicted for loss of CCyR.
Sex ratio, reproductive mode and genetic diversity in Triops cancriformis
Authors: ZIEROLD THORID , MONTERO‐PAU JAVIER , HÄNFLING BERND , GÓMEZ AFRICA 
Published: March 2009

Summary1. Aquatic invertebrates display a wide array of alternative reproductive modes from apomixis to hermaphroditism and cyclical parthenogenesis. These have important effects on genetic diversity and population structure. Populations of the ‘living fossil’Triops cancriformis display a range of sex ratios, and various reproductive modes are thought to underlie this variation. Using sex ratio information and histological analyses European populations have been inferred to be gonochoric (with separate males and females), selfing hermaphroditic and androdioecious, a rare reproductive mode in which selfing hermaphrodites coexist with variable proportions of males. In addition, some populations have been described as meiotic parthenogens.2. Here we use population genetic analysis using microsatellite loci in populations with a range of sex ratios including a gonochoric population, and marker segregation patterns in heterozygote individuals reared in isolation, to clarify the reproductive mode in this species.3. Our data show that populations in general have very low levels of genetic diversity. Non‐gonochoric populations show lower genetic diversity, more heterozygote deficiencies, higher inbreeding coefficients and stronger linkage disequilibria than the gonochoric population. The maintenance of some heterozygosity in populations is consistent with some male influence in T. cancriformis populations, as would be expected from an androdioecious reproductive system. Results of marker segregation in eggs produced in isolation from non‐gonochoric populations indicate that meiosis occurs and are consistent with two reproductive modes: selfing hermaphroditism and a type of ameiotic parthenogenesis.4. Overall, our data indicate that androdioecy and selfing hermaphroditism are the most likely reproductive modes of non‐gonochoric European Triops populations. Triops populations are strongly structured, suggesting high genetic drift and low levels of gene flow.
Trade‐off between root nitrogen acquisition and shoot nitrogen utilization across 13 co‐occurring pasture grass species
Authors: Maire Vincent , Gross Nicolas , Da Silveira Pontes Laise , Picon‐Cochard Catherine , Soussana Jean‐François 
Published: March 2009

Summary

Although plant nitrogen (N) strategies may play an important role for community structure and ecosystem functioning, there is not a clear understanding of the link between N acquisition by roots and N utilization by shoots. Particularly, it is unclear how the co‐variations between size‐ and physiology‐related traits determine N acquisition and N utilization at the plant scale.
We used 13 co‐occurring temperate pasture grasses to study inter‐specific variations in above‐ground N yield and in root N acquisition and shoot N utilization traits. N acquisition traits concerned root influx capacities for and , root mass and specific root area in ingrowth cores. N utilization traits concerned leaf life span, leaf N content, leaf N resorption, mean residence time of N and leaf N use efficiency.
We found evidence for three trade‐offs across species concerning root N acquisition: (i) root mass increased when specific root area declined; (ii) an increase in root area was observed when total N influx capacity decreased; and (iii) root influx capacity increased when capacity declined.
High total root uptake capacity gave rise to high leaf N content and was associated across species to low leaf N use efficiency. Tall grasses were characterized by high shoot N yield, high root biomass and high leaf N use efficiency. Physiology‐related traits and size‐related traits were generally found independent.
Our study demonstrates how size and N uptake related root traits are associated to major axes of plant specialization ((i) plant size and (ii) conservation vs. exploitation of N) which were previously identified based on shoot traits. Contrasted N strategies were segregated across species according to four combinations along these two axes.