bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR 5α-ANDROST-16-EN-3-ONE IN PORCINE ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Andresen Ø. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the estimation of 5α-androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one) in porcine adipose tissue has been developed. Fatty tissue samples weighing 40–60 mg were used for assay. The bulk of fat was separated from the steroid by centrifugation in an ethylacetate-ethanol solution at about −70°C.
The sensitivity of the standard curve was found to be 25 pg (P < 0.01) and the smallest amount of 5α-androstenone added to adipose tissue from castrated male pigs, that can be estimated by the method, is 0.09 μg/g. Analysis of the data from the accuracy study gave the regression line y= 1.09x+2.7.
The mean coefficients of variation for the inter- and intra-assay precision were 11.1 and 5.9 %, respectively.
In boars (n = 9) a mean value of 2.09 μg/g adipose tissue was found (sd = 2.56).
In adipose tissue from 9 female pigs and 8 castrated male pigs the level of 5α-androstenone was found to be undetectable by the present method. In adipose tissue from one castrated male pig trace amounts of 5α-androstenone were found.
Fifteen samples in duplicate can be analysed by one person in 1½ days.
THE SEQUENCE OF PITUITARY RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) THROUGHOUT THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Grimes Elwyn M. , Thompson Irwin E. , Taymor Melvin L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty-one ovulatory women between 20 and 33 years of age were given 150 μg of synthetic LH-RH during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Five patients were studied during the early follicular phase (days 4–7); 10 patients during the late follicular phase (days 9–12); 6 patients during the "LH Surge"; 5 patients during the early luteal phase (days 14–16); 3 patients during mid-luteal phase (days 17–21); and 2 patients during late luteal phase (days 22–27). Oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH levels were determined from 30 min prior to LH-RH administration to 90 min thereafter in all cases. LH response to LH-RH increased progressively during the follicular phase. Enhanced pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH occurred at mid-cycle for both LH and FSH and maximum LH responses occurred during the "LH Surge" and early luteal phase. LH responses during the mid and late luteal phases were similar to late follicular phase responses. There were no significant differences between FSH responses during the early follicular, late follicular, mid-luteal and late luteal phases. Maximum pituitary responsiveness appears to occur in a gonadal steroid milieu of high oestrogen levels in association with rising but low progesterone levels. Progesterone or a crucial oestrogen: progesterone ratio may in fact potentiate pituitary release of LH during the early stages of corpus luteum formation. Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH correlates positively with basal LH and oestrogen levels during the menstrual cycle and with the oestrogen:progesterone ratio during the luteal phase.
ABNORMAL RESPONSE OF THYROTROPHIN AND GROWTH HORMONE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Hasegawa Koichi , Matsushita Yoshiki , Otomo Seima , Hamada Noboru , Nishizawa Yoshiki , Okamoto Teruo , Morii Hirotoshi , Wada Masahisa 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum levels of TSH and GH were measured by radioimmunoassay after iv injection of 500 μg of TRH in 9 undialysed patients and 12 dialysed patients with chronic renal failure and in 6 healthy subjects. The basal level of the serum TSH was significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure than that in healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, serum TSH rose to a maximum level 30 min after TRH injection, while in patients with chronic renal failure, serum TSH rose to a maximum level 60 min after TRH injection. The mean maximum increment of serum TSH in healthy subjects was significantly higher than that in patients with chronic renal failure. Although TSH levels rapidly decreased after initial rise at 30 min after TRH administration in healthy subjects, these did not show significant changes at 60 and 120 min compared with values at 30 min after TRH administration in both dialysed and undialysed patients. The basal level of serum GH was significantly higher in dialysed patients with chronic renal failure than in healthy subjects. Serum GH level was much higher in dialysed patients at 30 min after TRH injection compared with that in healthy subjects. These findings may indicate that the response of the pituitary to TRH is abnormal and that the turnover of TSH and GH is decreased in patients with chronic renal failure.
GLUCOSE METABOLISM DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY IN NORMAL AND GESTATIONAL DIABETIC WOMEN
Authors: Kühl C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Glucose and insulin concentrations during basal fasting conditions and after an oral challenge with glucose have been studied during early, mid and late pregnancy and also after delivery in a group of 9 normal women. No significant changes in the fasting serum glucose concentration was observed during pregnancy. In contrast the fasting serum insulin gradually increased.
No changes in the mean glucose concentration curve were observed until the second half of pregnancy where the level of the curve was significantly elevated, but statistically calculated limits of normality derived from a special study of non-pregnant normal controls were not exceeded. The serum insulin response to glucose was significantly increased at all stages of gestation and in parallel the insulin-to-glucose index calculated for the total areas below the insulin and glucose concentration curves increased significantly. The fasting insulin-to-glucose index also increased and was found to be significantly correlated to the stage of gestation.
The shape of the glucose and insulin curves was modified in the opposite direction by pregnancy: the peak value of glucose was delayed whereas that of insulin was advanced.
The results indicate that in pregnancy a diminished 'peripheral sensitivity' to endogenous insulin apparently develops.
As it can be seen both in the basal fasting state and after challenge with glucose a permanent influence of pregnancy on serum insulin secretion seems most likely. Therefore, the possible involvement of the hormones of pregnancy should first be considered as a cause of these findings. However, different factors, e. g. altered levels of pro-insulin or glucagon, might also be involved in the mechanism.
AUTO-TRANSPLANTATION OF RABBIT MYOMETRIUM INTO EAR-CHAMBER AND RECORDING OF ITS ACTIVITY
Authors: Wagner Gorm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A transparent ear-chamber and its installation in the rabbit is described as well as the subsequent autografting of myometrial tissue into the connective tissue formed in the chamber. Of the rabbits initially provided with ear-chambers 65 % were found to be suitable for grafting while finally only 40 % of these presented activity either spontaneously or induced by stretch or oxytocin.
Qualitative evaluation of the mechanical activity was obtained by photoelectric recording of the transmission of light through the graft. An evaluation of the electrical activity was made possible by recording volume conducted potentials from wire electrodes in contact with the grafted tissue. A close time interrelationship between electrical potentials and change in transmission of light of the graft was found. Oxytocin produced electrical activity and blanching of the graft.
It is concluded that recording of the electrical activity provides the most reliable way of expressing the activity of grafted myometrium.
ENDOCRINE DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL AQUEDUCTAL STENOSIS
Authors: Fiedler Robert , Krieger Dorothy T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Congenital stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius is reported to be associated with sella turcia enlargement and clinical and laboratory abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target-organ axis. It is a surgically reversible lesion. In the present report, 3 female patients with this lesion were studied with tests of basal endocrine function, as well as insulin tolerance tests, response to metyrapone and determination of circadian periodicity of plasma cortisol levels. In one patient all testing was normal and no surgery was performed. In 2 other patients the insulin tolerance test revealed either abnormal cortisol or growth hormone responses and in one patient urinary gonadotrophins were absent. All tests became normal post-operatively although in one instance not completely so until 5 years after surgery.
DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF ORAL DOSES OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE OR THYROXINE ON THE INHIBITION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) MEDIATED THYROTROPHIN (TSH) RESPONSE IN MAN
Authors: Wenzel K. W. , Meinhold H. , Schleusener H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Since contradicting results about the existence of T3 or T3 and T4 receptors in pituitary tissue have been reported, the influence of L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) or L-thyroxine (L-T4) on TRH stimulated TSH release was investigated. Oral administration of 50 μg L-T3 caused an increasing inhibition of TSH response to 400 μg TRH from 64 % 2 h after L-T3 intake to 29% after 24 h, while serum T3 peaks up to 5.45 ng/ml occurred between 2 to 4 h after L-T3 ingestion and became normal after 8 to 10 h. This delay in the T3 action on TRH inhibition agrees with the postulate that T3 induces the synthesis of an inhibiting protein which is blocking TSH liberation. Oral administration of 1000 μg L-T4 induced increments of serum T4 up to 221 ng/ml between 6 to 24 h after intake; however, a TRH inhibition of 62 % did not become evident before 48 h. At this time T3 levels had risen to the upper normal range. These results support the theory that T3 is responsible for the regulation of TSH secretion. An intra-pituitary conversion from T4 to T3 seems more likely the cause of the TRH inhibition rather than the peripheral T4-T3 conversion or a direct action by T4 binding sites in the pituitary.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM GROWTH HORMONE AND PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS IN STIMULATION TESTS WITH INSULIN AND PROPRANOLOL-GLUCAGON
Authors: Andler W. , Biro G. , Bernasconi S. , Giovanelli G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin and propranolol-glucagon stimulation tests were carried out on 28 children and 5 adolescents and the results of their growth hormone and plasma cortisol estimations were compared.
Twenty-nine subjects with normal growth hormone reserves showed a mean maximum rise of 17.4 μU/ml of serum growth hormone in the insulin test whereas the intramuscular injection of glucagon after oral premedication with propranolol produced a rise of 38.5 μU/ml. Five subjects with normal growth hormone reserves showed a reduced hormone output in the insulin stimulation tests but normal response in the propranolol-glucagon stimulation tests. Only one subject showed a poor response in the propranolol-glucagon but normal response in the insulin stimulation test.
In 30 subjects with normal adrenocortical function the mean maximum increase of plasma cortisol was 15.6 μU/ml in the insulin – and 14.9 μU/ml in the propranolol-glucagon stimulation tests, respectively. Both methods are suitable for studying the pituitary-adrenocortical interrelationships. The mechanism of the release of glucagon-induced growth hormone is not clear but the fall in blood glucose does not seem to play a major role in the process. A stress-like mechanism is equally unlikely because vegetative symptoms occurred only i a small number of subjects after intramuscular glucagon administration. It is possible that glucagon possesses a releasing-like mechanism which operates in the pituitary itself.
131I-19-IODOCHOLESTEROL SCINTIGRAPHY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Dige-Petersen H. , Munkner T. , Fogh J. , Blichert-Toft M. , Lund J. O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy of the adrenal cortex has been carried out in 26 patients.
In 4 patients with normal adrenocortical function the tracer was equally accumulated on the two sides.
In 7 patients with untreated Cushing's syndrome, bilateral uptake was found in 4 patients with bilateral hyperplasia whereas unilateral visualization was obtained in three cases of cortisol producing adenomas. The side localization was confirmed at operation.
Eight patients had been operated for Cushing's syndrome prior to the scintigraphy. Remnant adrenocortical tissue with negligible or subnormal function (4 patients) could not be visualized. Normo- or hyperfunctioning remnant tissue was visualized in 3 patients. One patient had recurrent hypercorticism due to metastases from a previously removed adrenocortical carcinoma; a single pelvic accumulation was seen, whereas several metastases in the abdomen and thorax were not visualized.
Four patients with aldosteronism were investigated. Three had primary aldosteronism due to an adrenocortical adenoma. In two of these, the site of the adrenal lesion was localized pre-operatively. In the third patient, equal bilateral accumulation of iodocholesterol was seen even after suppression with dexamethasone. At operation a small tumour was found. In 1 patient with indeterminate aldosteronism both glands were visualized and at a second examination the uptake was equally suppressed by dexamethasone.
Finally 3 patients were investigated. One had a testosterone producing tumour of the right ovary. The tumour was not visualized on the scintigram in spite of a slight accumulation of activity as measured in vitro. Another patient with a cyst of the right adrenal gland presented a defect in the activity on the affected side. In the third patient previously subjected to hypophysectomy, the adrenal cortex was visualized only after ACTH-stimulation.
The 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy is a valuable method for the diagnosis and localization of cortisol and aldosterone producing tumours, and for the localization of normo- and hyperfunctioning adrenocortical remnants. The interpretation of the scintigrams must be based on relevant biochemical assays.
METABOLISM OF [4-14C]PROGESTERONE AND [7α-3H-PREGNENOLONE BY HUMAN OVARIES PERFUSED IN VITRO
Authors: Fukunishi H. , Mickan H. , Zander J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nine human ovaries were perfused in vitro with [4-14C] progesterone and in addition one ovary with [7-3H] pregnenolone. From the perfusate unchanged progesterone and five different metabolites were isolated: 20α-dihydroprogesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 16α-hydroxyprogesterone, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione and 4-androstene-3,17-dione. In the ovarian tissue saturated pregnane derivatives were the main metabolites.
When [3H] pregnenolone and [14C] progesterone were perfused simultaneously a stimulation of Δ4–5-isomerase and 3β-dehydrogenase activity by HCG was demonstrated.
SUPRASELLAR DISTURBANCE IN THE SYNDROME OF FERTILE EUNUCHOIDISM: CASE REPORT
Authors: del Pozo Emilio , Bolté Edouard , Very Maurice 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of fertile eunuchoidism is presented. The diagnosis was established on the basis of low androgen secretion in the presence of active spermatogenesis, increase in testosterone output after gonadotrophin stimulation, and adequate peripheral response to exogenous testosterone. Resistance to clomiphene stimulation but normal pituitary response to LH-RH was elicited indicating a suprasellar disturbance as the cause of the disorder.
TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE: A NEW ORALLY ACTIVE ANDROGEN
Authors: Hirschhäuser C. , Hopkinson C. R. N. , Sturm G. , Coert A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) in arachis oil has been evaluated with a view to its possible use as a means of androgen replacement therapy. A single 100 mg dose was found to elevate plasma androgen levels and urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion in 6 normal men. Ninety mg/day and 60 mg/day doses taken by a hypogonadal man resulted in sustained levels of androgen which appeared physiological when measured by radioimmunoassay without chromatography. However, upon separation of the steroids by chromatography it was found that much of the androgen present was in fact dihydrotestosterone not testosterone. Both TU and dihydrotestosterone undecanoate were detected in plasma by gas chromatography and it is suggested that the ester is absorbed as such from the intestine and the unesterified steroid subsequently released by hydrolysis. The convenience of oral administration, the resulting prolonged elevated plasma androgen levels and the probable lack of deleterious effects on the liver may render oral TU of value where androgen replacement therapy is indicated.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN PROLACTIN (PRL)
Authors: Schmidt-Gollwitzer M. , Saxena B. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple and rapid homologous radioimmunoassay of human prolactin (hPRL), by the use of 66% ethanol containing 6.6% ammonium acetate for the separation of free and bound hormones, has been established. PRL levels showed marked individual and daily variations as well as a circadian periodicity in both men and women. Levels of plasma PRL rose with puberty and decreased during post-menopause and in elderly men (ages 60–73 years). There was no marked change in plasma PRL levels at midcycle; however, in some subjects, luteal levels were slightly higher than follicular levels. Administration of oestradiol-17β caused marked increase in plasma PRL levels during menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, the plasma PRL levels rose as high as 200 ng/ml and decreased within a week or two post-partum. During lactation, the levels were higher and increased with suckling. In a patient with habitual abortion, the plasma PRL level showed a sudden drop prior to abortion. Administration of LH-RH had no effect on the secretion of PRL in human subjects.
ADRENAL MEDIATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXCESS ACTH ON TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN MALE: A STUDY OF A PATIENT WITH PROBABLE ACTH SECRETING MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA
Authors: Hajjar Ridha A. , Hill C. Stratton , Samaan Naguib A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An adult male patient with probable ectopic ACTH production by a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, was studied before and after bilateral adrenalectomy. Pre-operatively, the patient had low plasma testosterone levels that returned to normal after surgery. The clinical course and study of the patient showed that, 1) chronic excess of ACTH may lower plasma testosterone levels in man, and 2) that this may be mediated through its effect on the adrenals.
STUDIES ON 17β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AND ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Pollow K. , Lübbert H. , Pollow B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Microsomal 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from the human secretory endometrium (17β-HSD) was solubilized with triton X-100. A 4-fold purification was achieved by ammonium sulphate precipitation and isoelectric focusing. In the presence of glycerol the partially purified enzyme was stable at 4°C for at least 48 h.
Using crude microsomes, the conversion of oestradiol to oestrone was linear with time and with the concentration of protein. The optimum temperature was approximately 40°C and the optimum pH 9.4. For the reduction of oestrone the optimum pH was 6.5. With NAD, oestradiol was oxidized approximately three times more rapidly than with NADP. Km-values for oestradiol were nearly the same in endometrial carcinoma and in proliferative and secretory endometrium (i. e. approximately 3 × 10−6 m). The maximal velocity was highest in secretory endometrium.
Testosterone and androstenedione could also serve as substrates but they were interconverted more slowly than oestradiol and oestrone. Sulphhydryl groups were shown to be essential for catalysis.
GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECT ON REPAIR PROCESSES IN VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Manthorpe R. , Garbarsch C. , Lorenzen I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rabbits were injured by a single mechanical dilatation of the aorta and then injected with prednisone 2 mg/kg or saline for 14 days or starved. Morphological studies and biochemical measurements of the collagen metabolism, the content of alpha-amino nitrogen, RNA, DNA, water and fat, and the aorta to serum ratio of 125I-albumin were performed on the intima-media layer of the descending thoracic aorta. Prednisone inhibited the intimal thickening. In the media the infiltration by mononuclear cells, the proliferation and regeneration of the smooth muscle cells and the calcification were reduced.
Prednisone caused a decrease in 0.45 m NaCI soluble collagen as well as in the dialysable and non-dialysable 14C-hydroxyproline fractions. The total amount of collagen, elastin and alpha-amino nitrogen was unchanged, whereas the 14C-proline incorporation in the non-dialysable protein fraction was inhibited to a greater extent than the 14C-hydroxyproline synthesis. The findings indicate that prednisone inhibits the biosynthesis of collagen, which is inhibited to a greater extent than the general protein synthesis. Prednisone increased the dialysable to nondialysable 14C-hydroxyproline ratio consistent with a relative increase in the catabolism of newly synthesized collagen. The aortic content of RNA and DNA was reduced consistent with the inhibition of protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Finally prednisone decreased the aortic content of water when related to the wet weight and increased the aortic content of fat. The aorta to serum ratio of 125I-albumin was not influenced by prednisone.
It is concluded that administration of glucocorticoid for 14 days exerts an inhibitory action on the histological reaction to injury as well as on the biosynthesis of collagen of the repair processes in vascular connective tissue.
A comparison with the effects of prednisone on undamaged rabbit aorta (Manthorpe et al. 1974) demonstrates that the metabolism of collagen of vascular connective tissue during repair is more sensitive to the antianabolic effects of prednisone than collagen in the non-injured aorta. Starvation caused an increase of the aortic percentage of water but otherwise had no influence on the repair processes in the vascular connective tissue.
LIPOATROPHY PRODUCED IN MICE AND RABBITS BY A FRACTION PREPARED FROM THE URINE FROM PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: Foss Irene , Trygstad Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urine from 5 patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy has been fractionated by protein precipitation and Sephadex gel filtration. A fraction with a molecular weight in the range of 1000 was observed to be metabolically active in mice, rats, and rabbits. Hypophysectomized rats got hypoglycaemia following an injection, and the lipolytic-hyperglycaemic effect of ACTH was reduced after injection into intact mice. This effect was probably due to insulin release, because no insulin-like activity was observed on isolated fat cells in vitro. Persistant changes were observed in the animals after 3 weeks of daily injections of the urinary fraction. Adult mice and rabbits developed lipoatrophy with decrease of body weight in spite of a doubling of the food consumption. The metabolic rate and the body temperature were raised. Infantile animals developed a lipodystrophic state with increased growth velocity, and 50 per cent increase of the body weight, although no fat depots were observed. The treated animals got hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, and insulin resistance. The rabbits developed manifest diabetes. The corresponding fraction prepared from the urine from the lipoatrophic rabbits produced lipoatrophy after injection into the mice. It is suggested that the lipodystrophic urinary fraction is of hypothalamic origin, and that it acts through the pituitary gland. The fraction is still heterogenous, and was observed to contain thyrotrophin releasing activity.