bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coarse elastic facies of Miocene Ridge Basin adjacent to the San Gabriel fault, southern California
Authors: Crowell John C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The central part of Ridge Basin is easily accessible by automobile or bus from I-5, the eight-lane freeway between Los Angeles and Bakersfield, California (Fig.1). Leave the freeway at Templin Highway and visit the localities in the order of their numbering, if time allows. If time is short, visit in this order: 4,3, and 6. All seven localities can be visited in one full day and only locality 4 (Frenchman Flat) requires walking, and then for only about 0.6 mi (1 km), into the narrow gorge southwestward along Piru Creek. Buses can get to all stops except 1 and 2. All are on public land administered by the U.S. Forest Service, including Oak Flat Campground, which has tables, piped water, and pittoilets. Most of the stops are on the WhitakerPeak 7½-minute Quadrangle.
Great Valley Group, west side of Sacramento Valley, California
Authors: Ingersoll Raymond V. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The best exposures of the Upper Cretaceus part of the Great Valley Group (formerly sequence) occur along Cache Creek northwest of Guinda and Putah Creek west of Winters (Fig. 1). The Cache Creek exposures are reached by drivingalong California Route 16, and the Putah Creek exposures occur along California Route 128. All exposures are in road cuts or river cuts on public property, and may be reached by automobile or bus, with minor walking overeasy terrane.
Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera, Oregon
Authors: Bacon Charles R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Most of Mount Mazama lies within Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon; its lower flanks are within Rogue River and Winema National Forests. Access to the rim of Crater Lake caldera is excellent, via paved roads from Oregon 62 and 230, but Mazama’s flanks within the park are generally only reachable by hiking trails. This guide serves for a long one-day excursion through the park, concentrating on features near the caldera rim road, with additional points of interest that could be visited on a second day. New U.S. Geological Survey 7 1/2-minute topographic maps covering Mount Mazama and adjacent areas were published in 1985 at a scale of 1:24,000. The existing 1:62,50 scale topographic map (Crater Lake National Park and Vicinity, 1956) was not made by modem methods, and the information on roads is not current. This map is in revision, and a modem version is expected shortly. Up-to-date information on access, accommodations, and visitor services can be obtained from Crater Lake National Park. The brochure entitled “Crater Lake,” which contains an adequate road map of the park at approximately 1:85,000 scale, is available at the park entrance booth, visitor center (Rim Village), or park headquarters. July and August are the best months to visit the park. In most years, snow limits access to the caldera rim through June, and early fall storms may interfere with a trip in September. It is wise to contact the park for information on early summer or fall snow conditions and to be prepared for thunderstorms or cold weather at any time.
Mount St. Helens, Washington, with emphasis on 1980-85 eruptive activity as viewed from Windy Ridge
Authors: Doukas Michael P. , Swanson Donald A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mount St. Helens, in the Cascade Range of southwest Washington, is the centerpiece of the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. Windy Ridge, in the monument about 4.2 mi (7 km) northeast of the volcano, offers the only readily accessible (in 1986) viewpoint for observing many of the effects of the 1980–85 eruption. A series of paved and graveled roads, narrow and curvy but suitable for buses, leads to the ridge (Fig. 1). The area west of Windy Ridge is closed to public access in 1986; for details, contact monument headquarters (U.S. Forest Service, Rt. 1, Box 369, Amboy, WA 98601, telephone 206-247-5473). Roads between Randle and Swift Reservoir are usually closed by snow between early November and early June. Construction of an overlook on Johnston Ridge, 4.8 mi (8 km) northwest of the volcano,(in is planned for the late 1980s; this overlook, which offers a better view of the crater than does Windy Ridge, will be accessible by road from Castle Rock but probably not from Windy Ridge.
Lone Butte and Crazy Hills
Authors: Hammond Paul E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Lone Butte and Crazy Hills, about 3,900 to 4,750 ft (1,200 to 1,450 m) in elevation, are located approximately 25 mi (40 km) north of Stevenson and 15 mi (25 km) southeast of Mount St. Helens, in Skamania County, Washington, about midway between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams (Fig. 1). They are perched on the eastern edge of the Lewis River canyon and along the western margin of the Indian Heaven basaltic volcanic field. The area lies entirely within the Gifford Pinchot National Forest.
They can be reached by vehicle along Washington 504 and U.S. Forest Service roads 90(the Lewis River Road) and 3211 about 60 mi (100 km) east of Woodland, and along the Wind River Highway and U.S. Forest Service roads 30 and 3211 about 30 mi (50 km) north ofCarson and the Columbia River (Fig. 1). Well-graded, graveled U.S. Forest Service roads provide local access (Fig. 2). Road 32 travels the eastern side of Crazy Hills, 3211 runs along the southern side, and 3220 transects the hills north-south. Most interconnecting roads are shown in the Burnt Peak and Lone Butte 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, which cover the area. Cautious driving is recommended because logging truck traffic is occasionally heavy. The area is generally snowbound and inaccessible to wheeled vehicles between the months of November and May. Although the area has been extensively logged in recent years, it is covered with low shrubbery, and the terrain is mantled by Mount St. Helens tephra and soil. Exposures of bedrock are limited primarily to road, stream, and isolated hillside cuts.
Saguaro National Monument, Arizona
Authors: Davis George H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Saguaro National Monument Centennial Field Site lies on the eastern outskirts of Tucson, Arizona (Fig. 1), along the flank of the Tanque Verde Mountains. Access to the site is via the Loop Drive, a paved road which serves visitors to Saguaro National Monument (east) (Fig. 2). The stops, whichprovide a clear view of the structural characteristics of metamorphic core complexes, are located near the half-way point of Loop Drive. Stops 1 through 4 need take only 1 hour. Allow yourself a second hour to see the geologyat Stops 5 and 6, and a third hour to examine the structures at Stop 7. Thewalking is easy within the area of Stops 1 through 4. There are some slopesto descend and ascend in reaching Stops 5 and 6. Those who visit Stop 7 should be prepared for hillslopes and some sharp, steep-sided vertical ribs oflimestone bedrock. In general, however, hiking within the site is straightforward and scenic.,
The Fidalgo ophiolite, Washington
Authors: Gusey Daryl , Brown E. H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Fidalgo ophiolite is located on scenic Fidalgo Island, approximately 60 mi (96 km) north of Seattle, Washington. Stop 1 is at Washington Park in Anacortes. To get there from I-5, take Washington 20 (exit 230) at Burlington west to Anacortes. In Anacortes, follow signs to the ferry terminal, that is, Commercial Avenue north to 12th Street, then left onto 12th Street (Washington 20 spur). Stay in the left lane at theferry terminal junction and proceed straight ahead to Washington Park. Field trip mileage begins at the entrance to Washington Park. Follow the loop road. Milesand kilometers are shown in parentheses.
The type section of the Skagit Gneiss, North Cascades, Washington
Authors: Misch Peter 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Figure 1 shows access to, and location of, the Skagit Gneiss field sites. These sites are shown on the geologic map, Figure 1) 2. The 12.4-mi (20-km) type section is now accessible by Washington 20. A detailed road log was published by Misch (1977, p. 35–46). Twelve recommended stops are indicated on the map by mileages (calibrated by mile markers). For a quick trip, the best stops are at mile 125.1 and 125.8.
The Skagit Gneiss provides a spectacular display of migmatitic regional metamorphism in the core of a young mobile belt. It is in pristine condition like the Nanga Parbat migmatite but is readily accessible.
Garibaldi area, southwestern British Columbia; volcanoes versus glacier ice
Authors: Mathews W.H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
One of the few areas in the world where volcanoes have erupted under, into, through, or onto glacier ice, and the only place in North America that is reasonably accessible, is some 50 mi (80 km) north of the city of Vancouver in and near Garibaldi Provincial Park in southwestern British Columbia. Distinctive land forms recording the contest between hot lava and cold ice have been found at a score of sites scattered over a mountainous area 12 mi (20 km) from north to south and 6 mi(10 km) from east to west. Only the western edge of this area is accessible by road (Fig. 1 1); one site (at Brandywine Falls) can be reached directly by car. Others are visible at a distance from the road; several can be reached by a more or less strenuous hike ona well-marked foot trail, but the more distant sites require overnight camping or can be enjoyed with field glasses as distant views. All the sites are in provincial parks or along public roads.
An ancestral Colorado plateau edge
Authors: Peirce H. Wesley 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The geologic features of principal interest at this site are revealed in the rugged walls of Fossil Creek Canyon in central Arizona. Access in most weather conditions is by a partially paved gravel road that intersects Arizona 87 at Strawberry (Pine 7½-minute Quadrangle, and Fig. 1). The most accessible panoramic overlook is where the gravel road crosses the lip of the south wall. The ideal viewing location, however, is about 0.5 mi (0.8 km) to the northeast near a gravel pit that is clearly marked on the Strawberry 7½-minute Quadrangle. Access to this overlook site is either by foot or by vehicle (other than sedans), and is a short walk from the borrow pit to a nearby vantage point. Excellent general access by foot to the canyon itself is provided by an old Jeep trail that branches from the pit road. It, too, is indicated on the Strawberry map. The heart of the canyon is now designated as Wilderness; therefore, vehicles are prohibited.
Resurrection Peninsula and Knight Island ophiolites and recent faulting on Montague Island, southern Alaska
Authors: Nelson Steven W. , Miller Marti L. , Dumoulin J A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Resurrection Peninsula forms the east side of Resurrection Bay (Fig. 1). The city of Seward is located at the head of the bay and can be reached from Anchorage by highway (127 mi;204 km). Relief ranges from 1,434 ft (437 m) at the southern end of the peninsula to more than 4,800 ft (1,463 m) 17 mi (28 km) to the north. All rock units composing the informally named Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite are visible and (or) accessible by boat.The eastern half of the peninsula is located within the Chugach National Forest; the western half is mainly state land, but there is some private land with recreational cabins. The Seward A6 and A7 and Blying Sound D6 and D7 maps at 1:63,360 scale (mile-to-the-inch) cover the entire Resurrection Peninsula.
Knight Island is located 53 mi (85 km) east of Seward (Fig. 1). Numerous fiords indent the 31-mi-long (50 km) by 7.4-mi-wide (12 km) island and offer excellent bedrock exposures. The island is rugged and has a maximum elevation of 3,000 ft (914 m). It has numerous mineral prospects (Tysdal, 1978; Nelson and others, 1984; Jansons and others, 1984; Koski and others, 1985), and several abandoned canneries are located on the island. Knight Island lies entirely within the Chugach National Forest—state and private inholdings constitute less than five percent of its total land area. The Seward A2, A3, B2, B3, and C2, 1:63,360-scale U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps cover the entire island.
Montague Island, 50 mi (80 km) long and up to 11 mi (18 km) wide, lies 10.6 mi (17 km) southeast of Knight Island. It belongs to an island group that forms the southern margin of Prince William Sound (Fig. 1). Montague Island is less rugged and less heavily vegetated than either the Resurrection Peninsula or Knight Island. Rock exposures are excellent along the beaches, and ground disruption due to recent fault movements is clearly visible. The Seward Al and A2 and Blying Sound Dl, D2, and D3 maps cover the areas of interest on Montague Island.
In all areas, access is by float-equipped aircraft, helicopter, or boat. Wheel-equipped aircraft can land on the beaches or at several landing strips on Montague Island.
Paleozoic stratigraphy of Frenchman Mountain, Clark County, Nevada
Authors: Rowland Stephen M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Frenchman Mountain lies on the eastern edge of Las Vegas, Nevada. Access is via Lake Mead Boulevard from I-15 in North Las Vegas (Fig. 1), The entire route of this field trip is on paved road and is easily passable by passenger car or bus. Allow approximately three hours.
A small-scale geologic map of Clark County, including the area described in this field guide, is available as Plate 1 of Long-well and others (1965). Stops 1 and 2 are on the Las Vegas NE 7½-minute Quadrangle. The rest of the stops are on the French-man Mountain 7½-minute Quadrangle, A road log of this same area, with less detailed stratigraphy but also including the Keystone Thrust and Valley of Fire, is available in Bohannon and Bachhuber (1979).
The Frank Slide, southwestern Alberta
Authors: Cruden D. M. , Beaty C. B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Frank Slide is at the east end of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, southwestern Alberta, lying within the valley of the Crowsnest River in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rockies. Alberta 3 crosses the slide and, immediately north of the slide debris at the bridge over Gold Creek, an access road leaves the highway for a new Orientation Center, 1.1 mi (1.7 km) to the northeast (Fig. 1). The center, an excellent starting point for a tour of the slide, provides a superb view of Turtle Mountain, the slide scar on its eastern flank, and the immense pile of shattered limestone on the valley floor (Fig. 2).
The Devils Tower, Bear Lodge Mountains, Cenozoic igneous complex, northeastern Wyoming
Authors: Karner Frank R. , Halvorson Don L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Devils Tower sites (Lisenbee and others, 1981) are located in northeastern Wyoming, adjacent to and within the Devils Tower National Monument. Sundance, Wyoming is the nearest town of any size; access to the sites is via U.S. 14 from Sundance. The Bear Lodge Mountain sites (Lisenbee and others, 1981), with the exception of Sundance Mountain, are all within the Black Hills National Forest. Access to these sites is by state and county highways from Sundance, Wyoming. The Sundance Mountain site is accessible by walking from the ranch just south of the intersection of U.S. 14 and Wyoming 116. Permission must be obtained before entering this site. These sites are all shown on topographic maps of the U.S. Geological Survey 15-minute series. Sites in the Devils Tower region maybe located on the Devils Tower and Nefsy Divide 15-minute Quadrangles; points of interest in the Bear Lodge Mountains are found in the Sundance 15-minute Quadrangle.
Phanerozoic stratigraphy and structures in the northwestern Wind River Basin at Red Grade, Wyoming
Authors: Love J. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Red Grade viewpoint is in the SW¼ NW¼ SE¼Sec. 8, T.5N., R.SW., Wind River Meridian, 17.3 mi (28 km) southeast of Dubois, Fremont County, Wyoming, Blue Holes and Wilderness 7½-minute Quadrangles (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Index map showing location of Red Grade site. Geology of area between Dubois and the Red Grade site is described on the road log.
Little Muddy Creek area, Lincoln County, Wyoming
Authors: Royse Frank , Warner M. A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Location. The Little Muddy Creek area is located in system in the thrust belt of southwestern Wyoming. The locality is in the SW–, T.19N., R117.W., approximately 28 mi (45km) north-northeast of Evanston, Wyoming (Fig. 1).
Access. The area can be easily reached by passenger car by driving about 6 mi (9.7 km) to the west of U.S. 189 on a dirt road. The turn-off from U.S. 189 is about 300 ft (100 m) north the sign marking the boundary between Uinta and Lincoln Counties. The road approximately follows the old Emigrant Trail, a wagon trail used by settlers, which was a branch of the famous Oregon Trail. Monuments mark the position of the Emigrant.
Late Cenozoic volcanism in the St. George basin, Utah
Authors: Hamblin W. Kenneth 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
One of the most spectacular features in the St. George basin is the series of late Cenozoic basaltic flows that were extruded near the base of the Pine Valley Mountains and flowed southward into the ancestral drainage of the Virgin River. These flows are now preserved as south-trending inverted valleys up to 400 ft(120 m) high which stand in bold contrast to the brilliant red and white east-west trending cliffs and slopes formed on the older Mesozoic rocks. The arid climate and sparse vegetation result in excellent exposures of the striking red, white, and black rocks of Utah’s “color country” and provide scenic emphasis for what is one of the most impressive examples of topographic inversion in North America.
Late Cretaceus Mesaverde Group outcrops at Rifle Gap, Piceance Creek Basin, northwestern Colorado
Authors: Lorenzo J. C. , Rutledge A. K. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Rifle Gap is accessible by paved road, and, except for the three southernmost flatirons, all the outcrops described here are on public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management(BLM). Permission for access to the private land is obtained from the residence just west of the southern entrance to the gap. From 1–70, take the Rifle exit (Exit 90) and drive north on Colorado 13(take Railroad Avenue through the town of Rifle) to the junction with Colorado 325. Turn right and drive about 4.1 mi (6.6 km), through Rifle Gap, to the Rifle Gap Reservoir dam. This is the stratigraphic base of the section described below.
The area of Rifle Gap is included in the adjacent corners of the Rifle, Rifle Falls, Silt, and Horse Mountain 7½-minute Quadrangles. Figure 1, a simplified topographic map, is updated to include the dam and reservoir. The approximate locations of the sandstone lenses visible from the road are plotted (Fig. 1). Though much of the section can be seen from the road, better views are afforded by scrambling up the valley slopes toview the opposite side with binoculars. The east side of the gap can be reached on foot by crossing Rifle Creek at the bridge just below the spillway to the dam.
Granite-tectonics of the Pikes Peak intrusive center of Pikes Peak composite batholith, Colorado
Authors: Hutchinson Robert M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The site lies within Pike National Forest and doesnot require permission to enter. The only formal requirement is the toll charged at the entrance to the Pikes Peak toll road, which goes all the way to the summit of the peak, elevation 14,110 ft (4,300 m). The hard-bottom dirt road is kept in excellent condition. Twowheel drive vehicles can make the climb, but vehicles with carburetors tuned to low elevations may have trouble reaching the summit. Depending on snow conditions, the toll road is generally open from May 1 to October 31. The Pikes Peak toll road is reached by driving west on U.S. 24 from Colorado Springs to the small town of Cascade, 12 mi (19 km) away (Figs. 1 and 2).A leisurely trip of a single day should be sufficient to observe the geological relationships of the intrusive center.
The geology of Summer Coon volcano near Del Norte, Colorado
Authors: Noblett Jeffrey B. , Loeffler Bruce M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Summer Coon volcano is located about 6 mi (9.6km) north of Del Norte, Colorado, on the western edge of the San Luis Valley (Fig. 1). The intrusive core and northern half of the volcano can be found on the Twin Mountains and Twin Mountains SE 7¼-minute quadr lies in the Indian Head and Del Norte 7¼-minute quadrangles. To reach the area of the volcanic core, take orado 112 from Del Norte to County Road 33; travel north n 33 about 6.2 mi (9.9 km); turn left on Road A32 (Forest Service road 660), marked by a small sign to "Natural Arch,” and drive into the volcano.
The volcano lies almost entirely within the Rio Grande National Forest and is accessible by dirt roads, which are usually graded for passenger cars. Some areas, especially those that are near the Natural Arch and off the main road, should only be attempted during periods of clement weather or with four-wheel drive. The main road lies close to some of the radiating dikes and to good outcrops of extrusive material; it passes within 0.5 mi (0.8 km) of the heart of the intrusive complex. The round-trip time (from Del Norte) is ahalf-day minimum.
Monument Valley, Arizona and Utah
Authors: Blakey Ronald C. , Baars Donald L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Standing astride the Utah-Arizona border with bronzed shafts of sandstone, the buttes and pinnacles of Monument Valley rise above the high desert floor of the central Colorado Plateau. The valley is tucked into the apex of the southern end of the Monument Upwarp, a large asymmetrical anticline bounded on its southern and eastern margins by the Comb Ridge monocline (Fig. 1). As recently as 35 years ago, no paved roads served the remote region, today three U.S. highways (U.S. 160 running east-west, and U.S. 163 and U.S. 191 running north-south), provide access to the region. But the best way to see Monument Valley is via the back roads that provide access to some spectacular backcountry.
Monument Valley is located within the Navajo Indian Reservation. Travel on paved and main dirt roads is generally unrestricted. However, travel in some areas is restricted and a permit is required for rock collecting or extensive geological study. Inquiries should be addressed Navajo Nation, Window Rock, Arizona 86515.
Monument Valley and vicinity is covered by geologic maps of various scales 1:62,500 (Witkind and Thaden, 1963), 1:96,000 (Baker, 1936), 1:250,000 (U.S.G.S. Iseries, 345, 629, 744, 1003), and 1:500,000(Geological Maps of Utah and Arizona). Witkind and Thaden (1963) have provided the most comprehensive geological report of the region.
Capulin Mountain Volcano and the Raton-Clayton Volcanic Field, northeastern New Mexico
Authors: Stormer John C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Raton-Clayton Volcanic Field is located on the High Plains of northeastern New Mexico. The field extends for more than 85 mi (137 km) from near Trinidad, Colorado, southeastward through Raton, New Mexico, to Clayton, New Mexico. U.S. 64/87 runs along the axis of the field, and most of the important features can easily be seen from this highway. This is one of the best routes from Texas and Oklahoma to Denver and other cities in Colorado. Capulin Mountain and a few other points can easily be visited while traveling this route without significantly extending the trip. All of the locations described here are on paved highways, accessible with almost any type of vehicle. Most of the land in this area is private or leased state land so that permission must be obtained for collecting and travel off the highways.
Capulin Mountain, a large cinder cone with associated lava flows, is near the center of the volcanic field. The Capulin Mountain National Monument encompasses the cone and 775 surrounding acres (314 ha). The entrance is on New Mexico 325, 3mi (4.8 km) north of the town of Capulin which is on U.S. 64/87, 54 mi (87 km) west of Clayton and 30 mi (48 km) east of Raton. The monument is open all year from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (later during the summer). There is a road spiraling up the cone to the rim of the crater about 1, 000 ft (300 m) above the base. The trail around