bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textural characterisation of lasagna made from organic whole wheat
Authors: Olivera Daniela F. , Salvadori Viviana O. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn the last years, trade of organic foods has risen significantly. Relevant quality studies for organic foods are generally related to environmental and health attributes/considerations. However, very few studies that analyse the traditional characteristics of food quality have been carried out. The importance of these studies is that they enable us to compare them with conventional food. Therefore, the objective of this article is to study the quality (texture and sensory properties) of lasagna prepared only with organic ingredients, without additives and through standard procedures of manufacture. Organic lasagna characteristics are compared with conventional white and whole wheat ones. The analysis of variance indicates the existence of significant differences in all the texture parameters, except for the cohesiveness. These differences show a possible interaction between the fibre and the gluten network. The relaxation curves show that conventional dough is more elastic than both the whole wheat samples; on the contrary, the viscous components are higher in whole wheat doughs, indicating the fibre–protein interaction. From the sensory analysis, the only parameter in which the organic pasta differed significantly from the conventional one was appearance. On the whole, these differences did not affect the acceptability of the product.
Influence of growing conditions on the technological performance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Carcea Marina , Salvatorelli Simona , Turfani Valeria , Mellara Francesco 
Published: November 2006

SummarySix bread wheat cultivars were grown in the same environment according to a conventional and an organic agricultural protocol. Hardness, moisture, test weight, protein and ash content and falling number were determined on kernels. Flour yield, particle size distribution and damaged starch were determined on flours together with farinograph and alveograph parameters. Loaves of bread were also baked following a straight dough standardised recipe. Results indicated that protein content was the quality parameter which was negatively influenced by organic farming. Hardness was also negatively influenced in four out of six cultivars, whereas the other technological parameters did not show the same trend for all the cultivars. The milling performance was similar between organic and conventional samples, whereas the differences in protein contents were clearly responsible for differences in rheological properties. As expected, volumes of the organic loaves of breads were significantly lower than those of the corresponding conventional ones.
Use of integrated FDG PET/CT imaging in pulmonary carcinoid tumours
Authors: KRÜGER S. , BUCK A. K. , BLUMSTEIN N. M. , PAULS S. , SCHELZIG H. , KROPF C. , SCHUMANN C. , MOTTAGHY F. M. , HOMBACH V. , RESKE S. N. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Background.  Integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanners have been recently introduced in the diagnostic work‐up of suspected pulmonary malignancy and demonstrate encouraging results in the staging of nonsmall‐cell lung cancer.Objective.  To evaluate the usefulness of integrated FDG PET/CT in pulmonary carcinoid tumours.Setting.  University hospital.Methods.  We studied 13 patients (mean age ± 1 SD, 57 ± 11 years) with pulmonary carcinoid tumours. All patients demonstrated a single pulmonary lesion. Integrated PET/CT scan and surgical resection were performed in all patients.Results.  The pulmonary lesion size ranged from 1.1 to 5.0 cm. Final histological diagnosis confirmed 12 typical and one atypical pulmonary carcinoid. Mean proliferation rate of the typical carcinoids was 1.7 ± 1.4%. None of the patients had recurrent carcinoid disease or died during follow‐up (864 ± 218 days). Mean standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in typical carcinoids was 3.0 ± 1.5 (range 1.2 – 6.6); SUV in the atypical carcinoid was remarkably high with a value of 8.5. The SUV was lower than 2.5 in 6 of 12 patients (50%). Mediastinal lymph node metastases or extrathoracic metastases were not detected in any patient.Conclusions.  18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging improves accurate localization of metabolic activity and thus the interpretation of pulmonary lesions on CT. FDG uptake in pulmonary carcinoid tumours is often lower than expected for malignant tumours. Therefore, surgical resection or biopsy of lesions suspected to be carcinoids should be mandatory, even if they show no hypermetabolism on FDG PET images.
Animal Health Authorities and Transboundary Animal Diseases in Turkey
Authors: Tufan M. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn this report on the situation of transboundary animal diseases in Turkey, it is mentioned that foot and mouth disease is endemic in the Anatolia region. In 2005, 128 outbreaks occurred in Anatolia of which 100 outbreaks were caused by O type, 19 outbreaks as a result of type A and nine outbreaks as a result of a type not determined. Peste des petits ruminants is also a problem in Turkey. Thus, in 2005, 78 outbreaks occurred. In case of outbreaks, all susceptible animals were vaccinated. To support the animal disease control programmes the Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute started since May 2002 to produce a homologous vaccine.
Endocrine and Ovarian Responses to Prolonged Adrenal Stimulation at the Time of Induced Corpus Luteum Regression
Authors: Gabai G , Mollo A , Marinelli L , Badan M , Bono G 
Published: November 2006

ContentsThe endocrine and ovarian responses to prolonged adrenal stimulation at the time of corpus luteum (CL) regression were studied in non‐lactating non‐pregnant Friesian cows. Cows were synchronized with two cloprostenol (PG) injections 11 days apart (second PG referred as time 0). Experiment 1 was carried out on five animals in two phases with a resting period in between. Between −48 and 84 h, animals received 12 injections of either saline (CTR) or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) agonist (Synacthen; SYN) every 12 h. Cortisol (C), progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2) and LH were analysed in the blood samples collected every 8–12 h between days −3 and 4. Pulsatile LH release was studied 4 h before and 4 h after naloxone administration beginning at 96 h. Experiment 2 was carried out on four cows in a cross‐over experimental design (two phases, with a resting period in between). Treatments were performed by administering either saline (CTR) or Synacthen (SYN) every 12 h between −36 and 24 h. The concentrations of C, P4 and E2 were measured in blood plasma every 4–12 h from days −3 to 3, then every day from days 5 to 9. In both experiments, ovaries were examined by ultrasonography every 1–3 days. ACTH administration induced a significant increase (p < 0.001) of plasma C lasting for 7 days (experiment 1), and for 3–4 days (experiment 2). Plasma C returned to baseline levels within 6 days (expt 1) or 36 h (expt 2) after treatment interruption. During the SYN phase, LH pre‐ovulatory surge was not detectable. During the CTR phase, naloxone administration induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) of average LH concentrations that was not evident during the SYN phase. The dominant follicle development was retarded and mean plasma E2 concentrations were significantly lower during the SYN phase (p < 0.01). Luteolysis was completed within 2 days. However, P4 decline between 0 and 4 h was slower (p < 0.01) during the SYN phase. Our results indicate that, under prolonged adrenal stimulation, follicular development is delayed and LH release is impaired, which are independent of CL function.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in radical prostatectomy: 1‐day versus 4‐day treatments
Authors: TERAI AKITO , ICHIOKA KENTARO , KOHEI NAOKI , UEDA NOBUFUMI , UTSUNOMIYA NORIAKI , INOUE KOJI 
Published: November 2006

Objective: The standard protocol of antibiotic prophylaxis in radical prostatectomy remains to be established. We retrospectively compared the occurrence of perioperative infections following radical prostatectomy between two different protocols of antibiotic prophylaxis.Methods: This study included 106 cases of radical retropubic prostatectomy managed on the clinical pathways. Two different protocols of antibiotic prophylaxis were used in otherwise identical pathways. Between January and December 2004, 50 patients received a second generation cephem, cefotiam, for 4 days, beginning 30 min before surgery (4‐day group), whilst between December 2004 and July 2005, only two doses of cefotiam were given on the day of operation in 56 patients (1‐day group). The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and remote infection (RI) was retrospectively investigated.Results: Superficial incisional SSI occurred in one (1.8%) patient in the 1‐day group, whereas no patient in the 4‐day group developed SSI. No RI was observed in either the 1‐day or 4‐day group. Intravenous antibiotics were administered besides the pathway in a patient in the 1‐day group because unexplained fever more than 38°C continued postoperative day (POD) 2 through POD 4 without signs of SSI or RI. Excluding this case, postoperative more than 38°C was rare and transient after POD 2.Conclusion: The incidence of SSI and RI was low and not significantly different between the 1‐day and 4‐day groups. Therefore, the 1‐day protocol of prophylactic antibiotic treatment seems adequate for preventing perioperative infections in radical prostatectomy.
Tissue elasticity imaging for diagnosis of prostate cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: MIYANAGA NAOTO , AKAZA HIDEYUKI , YAMAKAWA MAKOTO , OIKAWA TAKEHIRO , SEKIDO NORITOSHI , HINOTSU SHIRO , KAWAI KOJI , SHIMAZUI TORU , SHIINA TSUYOSHI 
Published: November 2006

Background: Elastography is a diagnostic imaging technique that evaluates the hardness of a lesion. It is expected to become a new diagnostic modality for prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Methods: A total of 29 patients with untreated, histologically proven prostate cancer were examined using an elastographic imaging technique. The patient was scanned in the dorsosacral position and the prostate was manually compressed with a transrectal ultrasonic probe. The echo signals from inside the tissue were measured before and after the tissue compression and an elastogram was generated by spatially differentiation of the displacement distribution.Results: Elastography depicted the cancer lesion as a harder tissue than the surrounding normal prostatic tissue. Elastography successfully detected 93% (27 patients) of the untreated prostate cancer lesions. Detection of cancer lesions using elastography was significantly higher than by digital rectal examination (59%; 17 patients) and transrectal ultrasonography (55%; 16 patients).Conclusion: Elastography has great potential as a useful modality for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Differentiation between cancerous and normal tissues can be expected to become more accurate as a result of technical advances in the quantification of tissue hardness.
Species richness of migratory birds is influenced by global climate change
Authors: Lemoine Nicole , Schaefer Hans‐Christian , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTAim  Global climate change is increasingly influencing ecosystems. Long‐term effects on the species richness and composition of ecological communities have been predicted using modelling approaches but, so far, hardly demonstrated in the field. Here, we test whether changes in the composition of bird communities have been influenced by recent climate change.Location  Europe.Methods  We focus on the proportion of migratory and resident bird species because these groups are expected to respond differently to climatic change. We used the spatial relationship between climatic factors and bird communities in Europe to predict changes in 21 European bird communities under recent climate change.Results  Observed changes corresponded significantly to predicted changes and could not be explained by the effects of spatial autocorrelation. Alternative factors such as changes in land use were tested in a first approximation as well but no effects were found.Main conclusions  This study demonstrates that global climate change has already influenced the species richness and composition of European bird communities.
The Union Avoidance Industry in the United States
Authors: Logan John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper analyses the development of the union avoidance industry in the United States during the past half‐century. Focusing on one leading example from each group, it examines the activities of the four main actors that constitute that industry: consultants, law firms, industry psychologists and strike management firms. Although these firms have experienced a fall in business as unions have declined in strength and numbers — a development that the union avoidance industry has contributed to — they continue to play an important role in the US system of industrial relations. Over three‐quarters of employers hire consultants when confronted by organizing campaigns, and large union avoidance firms are increasingly seeking export markets for their expertise.
The Role of Workplace Chaplains in Industrial Relations: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Michelson Grant 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper examines a neglected and largely invisible actor within the field of industrial relations. Taking the case of industrial chaplains in Australian workplaces, it demonstrates that not only do chaplains play an important and independent role in their own right, but that their ostensible neutrality is also used to help achieve the interests of both management and trade unions. The location of chaplains in industrial relations and their need to develop workplace legitimacy accounts for this finding. This suggests that future studies that seek to explore the purpose and activities of new and non‐traditional groups in industrial relations will need to place their analyses within the context of more established actors.
Foreign‐owned versus Domestically‐owned Firms: Economic Performance in Japan
Authors: Kimura Fukunari , Kiyota Kozo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper utilizes micro‐panel data for firms located in Japan and examines differences in corporate performance between foreign‐owned and domestically‐owned firms in the 1990s. We find that foreign‐owned firms not only reflect superior static characteristics, but also achieve faster growth. Moreover, foreign investors appear to invest in firms that may not be immediately profitable, but those that are potentially the most profitable in the future. There is also no evidence that foreign investor is “foot‐loose.” These imply that foreign investors bring useful firm‐specific assets into the Japanese market, which may work as an effective catalyst for necessary structural reform.
Maternal Perceptions of Care‐Giving of Children with Developmental Disabilities in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Crabtree Sara Ashencaen 
Published: November 2006

Background  This qualitative study discusses family care‐giving of children with developmental disabilities in the United Arab Emirates. Findings were reviewed in terms of the influence of culture on gender norms governing parental behaviour and aspirations.Method  An ethnographic approach is used in which parent participants were interviewed intensively. The data were then analysed commensurate with ethnographic methodology in which parental care was considered in terms of gender differentials, in addition to other factors.Results  Although mothers carried the main burden of support, this is ameliorated by cultural interpretations of the role of motherhood as well as practical coping strategies. Discrimination towards disability as well as gender is evident although countered by maternal strategies of resistance.Conclusions  These indicate that daughters with disabilities are subject to oppressive attitudes and commensurate behaviour within the family setting, as well as in the wider society. However, such measures may in turn be challenged by mothers who demonstrate parental coping strategies that are both influenced by as well as subversive of cultural norms.
Mainstream Students’ Attitudes to Possible Inclusion in Unified Sports with Students who have an Intellectual Disability
Authors: Townsend Michael , Hassall John 
Published: November 2006

Background  Schools in New Zealand do not normally include students with intellectual disability in their sports programmes. This study examined regular students’ attitudes towards the possible inclusion of students with an intellectual disability in an integrated sports programme within their school.Materials and Methods  A total of 170 school students at year 6 (10 years) and year 12 (16 years) at four Auckland schools completed an attitude scale assessing their acceptance of a possible unified sports programme at their school, a test of their knowledge about Special Olympics, and wrote open‐ended comments about unified sports; a subsample at each age level was interviewed.Results  Students had positive attitudes towards possible involvement alongside students with an intellectual disability in unified sports. These attitudes were moderated by age and gender, but not knowledge about Special Olympics.Conclusions  The strengthening of inclusion and normalization through unified sports would likely have positive peer social acceptance by typical students in New Zealand.
Constitutive expression and cytoplasmic compartmentalization of ATM protein in differentiated human neuron‐like SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Boehrs Jessica K. , He Jinghua , Halaby Marie‐Jo , Yang Da‐Qing 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia (A‐T) is an autosomal, recessive disorder mainly characterized by neuronal degeneration. However, the reason for neuronal degeneration in A‐T patients is still unclear. ATM (A‐T, mutated), the gene mutated in A‐T, encodes a 370‐kDa protein kinase. We measured the levels of the ATM protein found in differentiated neuron‐like rat PC12 cells and differentiated neuron‐like human SH‐SY5Y cells. We found that, in rat PC12 cells, ATM levels decreased dramatically after differentiation, which is consistent with previous results observed in differentiated mouse neural progenitor cells. In contrast, the levels of ATM were similar before and after differentiation in human SH‐SY5Y cells. Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, we showed that ATM translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in differentiated human SH‐SY5Y cells. The translocation of ATM was further verified by subcellular fractionation experiments. The constitutive expression and cytoplasmic translocation of ATM in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells suggest that ATM is important for maintaining the regular function of human neuronal cells. Our results further demonstrated that, in response to insulin, ATM protects differentiated neuron‐like SH‐SY5Y cells from serum starvation‐induced apoptosis. These data provide the first evidence that cytoplasmic ATM promotes survival of human neuronal cells in an insulin‐dependent manner.
Anticonvulsant Effect of Annona diversifolia Saff. and Palmitone on Penicillin‐induced Convulsive Activity. A Behavioral and EEG Study in Rats
Authors: Eva González‐Trujano Ma. , Tapia Elisa , López‐Meraz Leonor , Navarrete Andrés , Reyes‐Ramírez Adelfo , Martínez Adrián 
Published: November 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities of Annona diversifolia Saff. and palmitone by using behavior and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis in an experimental model of focal seizures in rats. Methods: For hypnotic assessment, EEG analysis of polysomnographic slow‐wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a 1 h period were performed after vehicle, A. diversifolia extract or palmitone, administration. For anticonvulsant effect, 60 minutes after treatments, EEG and behavior were analyzed during penicillin‐induced seizures. Latency to the onset of the first paroxystic spike, first seizure and frequency, as well as seizure severity using Racine's scale, were determined. Results: Palmitone, but not A. diversifolia extract, produced a delay in the latency to the SWS phase. In addition, both palmitone and extract decreased SWS duration and accumulated REM sleep phase. With regard to the seizures, both the extract and palmitone increased the latency to the onset of spikes and seizures, but also decreased the duration of penicillin‐induced seizures. This reduction in the EEG recordings was associated with an attenuation in the severity of behavioral seizures. Conclusions: A. diversifolia and palmitone did not produce a sedative‐hypnotic effect although both of them were effective in reducing the severity of behavioral and EEG seizures induced by penicillin in rats, suggesting that the diminution in the paroxystic activity by A. diversifolia is likely produced by palmitone through GABAergic neurotransmission. This study justifies and reinforces the traditional use of this plant in epilepsy.
Together They Become One: Examining the Predictors of Panethnic Group Consciousness Among Asian Americans and Latinos*
Authors: Masuoka Natalie 
Published: November 2006

Objective. This article examines panethnic consciousness as it applies to the two fastest‐growing minority groups in the United States: Asian Americans and Latinos. Given the challenges of diversity and immigration faced by these two communities, I examine the individual‐level factors that help strengthen their panethnic group identity.Methods. Drawing from data provided by the 2000 Pilot National Asian American Political Survey and the 1999 National Survey on Latinos, I use ordered probit models to determine the predictors of panethnic consciousness among both Asian Americans and Latinos.Results. The models confirm that for Asian Americans, high income, involvement in Asian‐American politics, being a Democrat, and the role of racial discrimination encourage panethnic consciousness. For Latinos, the important factors are higher levels of education, gender, being foreign born, involvement in Latino politics, and perceptions of discrimination.Conclusions. The findings here stress the importance of social contextual factors such as racial discrimination on the formation of panethnic identity.
Acculturation Effects on Trust in National and Local Government Among Mexican Americans*
Authors: Wenzel James P. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. The objectives of this article are to examine the impact of acculturation on the levels of trust in both the national and local governments in a long‐term minority‐majority community and to consider the effect on Mexican Americans' level of trust of long‐term co‐ethnic control of local government.Methods. Ordered probit is applied to measures of local and national political trust derived from the National Election Studies. Data were drawn from a sample of Latino respondents residing in the predominantly Mexican‐American region of south Texas. Independent variables include a language‐based measure of acculturation, a measure of interethnic social interaction, and items dealing with respondents' evaluations of the honesty, efficiency, and beneficiaries of governmental policies. Clarify is then used to estimate the real‐world impacts of these variables.Results. Acculturation has a significant and negative impact on trust in the national government. This effect vanishes, however, at the local level. Moreover, co‐ethnic control of government appears not to be related to trust.Conclusions. Trust in the national government is significantly reduced by acculturation, while trust in local government is unaffected. Moreover, trust in government is not enhanced by co‐ethnic control of the levers of political power.