bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre– and subalpine tall herb and fern vegetation in Røldal, W Norway
Authors: Odland Arvid 
Published: March 2008

Six tall herb and fern vegetation types in Røldal have been investigated. They are referred to the alliances Lactucion alpinae and Alno–Ulmion. Lactucion alpinae is divided into two suballiances, one oligotrophic to mesotrophic (Dryoptero–Calamagrostenion purpureae) to which are referred Athyrium distentifolium– Salix scrub, and Athyrium distentifolium meadow, and one eutrophic (Lactucenion alpinae) to which belongs Geranium sylvatkum meadow and Lactuca alpina meadow. Alnus incana forest, herb/fern and Matteuccia struthiopteris types belong to Alno–Ulmion. Lactucion alpinae is considered subalpine, whilst Alno Uimion is prealpine.The pre– and subalpine zones are considered oceanic sections of middle– and upper oroboreal vegetation zones.
Structure and development of the air–pores in Ricciocarpus natans
Authors: Kronestedt Eva 
Published: March 2008

The organization and development of air–pores in Ricciocarpus natans is presented here in detail for the first time. The study was done by light microscopy and electron microscopy.The mature air–pore consists of three kinds of cells: 1) aperture cells, 2) intermediate cells, and 3) supporting cells. These cells limit a subporal cavity. The aperture cells and intermediate cells are small and flattened with degenerated cell contents. Towards the subporal cavity the cell walls are thickened. The supporting cells are similar to the usual epidermal cells.The air–pores originate by the separation of epidermal cells adjacent to the growing point. The cells surrounding the opening divide unequally. They give rise to the supporting cells and mother cells that divide to yield the aperture cells and the intermediate cells. Part of the walls of these two kinds of cells become thickened, and their cell content disintegrates subsequently. These two circumstances cause their collapsed cell shape.
Some realignments in the dicotyledons
Authors: Cronquist Arthur 
Published: March 2008

In discussing some ways in which my scheme of classification of dicotyledons differs from more traditional ones, I wish to call attention to McVaugh's principle regarding the delimitation of related larger and smaller groups, and to the fact that makers of general systems should not lose sight of phenetic definability as one of the goals in the organization of affinity–groups into formal taxa. Daphniphyllum is best considered to form a family and order in the Hamamelidae, remote from the Euphorbiaceae. The Huaceae are best placed in the Violales, and Grubbia in the Ericales. The Surianaceae should be redefined to include Cadellia, Guilfoylia, and Stylobasium, as well as Suriana, and the family moved to the Rosales. Rhabdodendron should form a family in the Rosales. Anisophyllea and its immediate allies (Poga, Polygonanthus, and Combretocarpus) should be removed from the Rhizophoraceae and established as a family in the Rosales. Retzia should form a family in the Asteridae, but its ordinal position is still uncertain; the Gentianales or the Solanales seem more likely than the Lamiales. The Hippuridaceae, Calli–trichaceae, and Hydrostachyaceae should be grouped to form an order Callitrichales in the Asteridae near the Plantaginales.
Leuconema clavatulum gen. et sp. nov. (Leuconemataceae fam. nov.), a colourless blue–green alga (Nostocophyceae)
Authors: Kaas Hanne 
Published: March 2008

A colourless epiphyte found on Cladophora dalmalica Kütz. from the Danish Wad–densea appears to be new to science. While referable to the blue–green algae (Nostocophyceae) it cannot be accommodated into any known genus. Consequently a new genus Leuconema, with Leuconema clavatulum as the type species, is proposed. The genus is placed in a new family, Leuconemataceae, the systematic position of which is discussed.Inst. f. Sporeplanter, Univ. of Copenhagen, Ø. Farimugsgade 2D, DK–1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Further studies on Nephroselmis and its allies (Prasinophyceae). II. Mamiella gen. nov., Mamiellaceae fam. nov., Mamiellales ord. nov.
Authors: Moestrup øjvind 
Published: March 2008

The marine prasinophycean flagellate presently known as Nephroselmis gilva has been examined, using both the type culture and material from temperate (Denmark, New Zealand) and tropical waters (Thailand). All cell surfaces are covered with unmineralized scales, two types on the body, two on the flagella including flagellar hairs. The detailed structure of the scales is described, using high power electron microscopy of detached positive–stained scales. Previously overlooked organelles within the cell include large numbers of extrusive bodies, a rare type of organelle in chlorophyll–a– and –b–containing organisms, and an eyespot. N. gilva differs profoundly from the type species of Nephroselmis, and is transferred to the new genus Mamiella. Mamiella gilva is closely related to Mantoniella squamata. Together with the genus Dolichomastix they form the new family, Mamiellaceae, a small group of marine flagellates of worldwide distribution.The members of the new family probably represent the most primitive extant prasinophytes. When compared with other members of the class, its species stand out, particularly by the lack of small square or diamond–shaped scales on the flagella and cell body. It is suggested that the Mamiellaceae should be referred to a separate order, Mamiellales.
Description of dictyostelid cellular slime mold species in Norway
Authors: Frøyen Ove Johan , Langvad Finn 
Published: March 2008

Ten different species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were found in Norway, namely Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld, D. sp. 1, D. sp. 2, D. aureo–stipes Cavender, Raper & Quinlan, D. fasckulatum Traub, Hohl & Cavender, D. sp. 3, D. minutum Raper, Polysphondylium violaceum Brefeld, P. pallidum Olive and Acylo–stelium leptosomum Raper & Quinlan. D. mucoroides included two varieties, D. sp. 1 and D. sp. 2 are probably related to D. septentrionalis Cavender and D. sphaerocephalum (Oud.) Sacc. & March respectively and D. sp. 3 is probably a new species.Two different spore types, characterized by the presence or absence of ribosomes on the outer mitochondrial membranes, were revealed by transmission electron microscopic studies. This property was related to other properties such as the presence or absence of polar spore granules (PG) and the aggregative responses of the amoebae towards cAMP.
Light and electron microscopical observations on the heterotrophic protist Thaumatomastix salina comb. nov. (syn. Chrysosphaerella salina) and its allies
Authors: Beech Peter L. , Moestrup Øjvind 
Published: March 2008

The marine flagellates presently known as the chrysophytes Chrysosphaerella salina and C. tripus Takahashi & Hara have been refound and studied with light microscopy and whole mounts for electron microscopy. Based on material from Australia and Denmark (the latter from the type locality), C. salina is shown to be a colourless protist related to Reckertia sagittifera Conrad. It is characterized by a combination of flagellar features previously thought to be restricted to Reckertia, i.e. a short anterior flagellum which is scale‐clad, and a longer, usually posterior but naked flagellum. The scales on the body are shown to be silicified. The new light microscopical studies have also shown considerable resemblance between C. salina, C. tripus and the genus Thaumatomastix Lauterborn. C. salina and C. tripus are therefore transferred to this genus together with Reckertia and the 2 marine species described since 1980 as belonging to Chrysosphaerella, C. triangulata Balonov and C. patelliformis Takahashi & Hara. Thaumatomastix bipartita sp.nov. is illustrated and described. Chrysosphaerella appears to be a genus of photosynthetic, colony‐forming chrysophytes restricted to freshwater habitats. Thaumatomastix is a genus of heterotrophic protists, usually solitary, which occurs in both marine and freshwater environments. The two genera show little, if any, phylogenetic relationship to each other.
New and interesting cases of conjugating desmids from Lapland
Authors: Coesel P. , Delfos A. 
Published: March 2008

A number of desmid samples collected in Lapland appeared to be remarkably rich in zygospores. The spore morphology of Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. ex Arch., Cosmarium tumidum Lund., C. isthmochondrum Nordst., Staurastrum dilatatum Ehr. ex Ralfs, Actinotaenium wollei (W. & G. S. West) Teil. ex Růž. & Pouz. and A. didymocarpum (Lund.) comb, nov., either when hitherto unknown or requiring a critical discussion is extensively treated. A new species, Cosmarium taxillus (with zygospores) is described.Repeatedly recorded incidences of a disturbed zygospore development and the grey to black pigmentation of the mesosporium are discussed in connection with the possible effect of habitat factors.
Initial establishment of vegetation in a man‐made coastal area in Denmark
Authors: Hansen Kjeld , Vestergaard Peter 
Published: March 2008

A man‐made coastal area (8 km long, 300 m wide), constructed from seed‐free, marine sand was investigated from 1978 to 1983 as regards relief, soil properties, and establishment of vegetation.The following developments were apparent:

The outer shore zone changed from a Cakile‐dominated vegetation to a sparse and less diverse vegetation.
The inner shore zone maintained spontaneous Ammophila as dominant and developed into a mobile dune with changing species.
The outer dune slope with planted Ammophila developed into a mobile dune dominated by vigorous Ammophila.
The dune zone with planted Ammophila: The outer part developed towards a somewhat fixed dune with increasing diversity. The inner part developed into a diverse and more fixed dune community with mainly Festuca rubra.
The inner dune slope developed into a vegetation comprising few species.
The grassland zone, initially sown with Festuca rubra and Lolium perenne, changed into a grass‐herb‐vegetation dominated by Festuca rubra, with a slowly increasing number of immigrating species, changing from annuals to perennials, in particular species of Fabaceae and Hippophaë.
Numerical analysis of mire vegetation at Åsenmyra, Engerdal, Central Southern Norway and comparison with traditional Fennoscandian paludicology
Authors: Galten Leif 
Published: March 2008

The investigation area has been examined by means of a regularly‐spaced sampling technique. With the sample plots as attributes, association analysis (ASSI/AN) and inverse information analysis (INFO) have been employed to estimate associations between pairs of species (ASSI/AN) and to establish species groups (INFO). The 50 most frequently occurring species in the sample set were selected for these purposes. Based on INFO and ASSI/AN results and ecological measurements' indication, fourteen species groups have been established and discussed.Divisive information analysis (DIVINF) has been employed in the classification of sample plots. The 75 most frequently occurring species were selected as attributes. Twenty DIVINF groups were established. Similarity coefficients were calculated between all these groups in order to reexamine their internal relationships. Based on these coefficients and based on the species groups and the ecological measurements' indication, DIVINF groups have been linked to establish vegetation blocks, which are regarded as the basic vegetation units in the present study. Traditional Fennoscandian phytosociological notions are used in the discussion of the four blocks and in comparisons of the blocks with other mire vegetation communities described.
Notes on Ecuadorean Vallea (Elaeocarpaceae) with the description of a new species
Authors: Azanza Jaime Jaramillo 
Published: March 2008

Jaramillo Azanza, J. 1988. Notes of Ecuadorean Vallea (Elaeocarpaceae) with the description of a new species. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 8: 19–23. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The genus Vallea has for the last fifty years been considered as monotypic with Vallea stipularis as its only species. Studies of the genus in Ecuador revealed that two species occur there, one of which is here described as new and given the name Vallea ecuadorensis.
The ontogeny of pollinia and elastoviscin in the anther of Doritis pulcherrima (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Wolter Martin , Seuffert Carola , Schill Rainer 
Published: March 2008

Wolter, M., Seuffert, C. & Schill, R. 1988. The ontogeny of pollinia and elastoviscin in the anther of Doritis pulscherrima (Orchidaceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 77–88. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The ontogeny of pollinia of Doritis pulcherrima shows some features not commonly found in other angiosperms. The cell wails of the mature pollinium are almost identical with those of the pollen mother cells, and a callose envelope is lacking during the formation of sporopollenin. This fact may be related to the absence of a clear substructure of the exine and its low resistance to acetolysis. An exine is found only at the outer tetrads of the pollinium. The pollen grains in the tetrads possess irregularly spaced cell walls. The ontogeny of elastoviscin (specialized pollenkitt) begins in the ground cytoplasm of some tapetal cells, where small droplets are surrounded by myelin‐like structures. Before anthesis the droplets fuse, flow into the loculus, and attach the pollinia to the stipe, thus forming a pollinarium. In the region in front of the elastoviscin‐producing cells, some cells with specialized helical wall thickenings develop.
Intergeneric hybridization between Taeniatherum and different genera of Triticeae, Poaceae
Authors: Frederiksen S. , von Bothmer R. 
Published: March 2008

Intergeneric crosses were carried out between the 3 subspecies of Taeniatherum caput‐medusae (2x) and 30 different species (33 different cytotypes) representing 11 genera of the Triticeae. Seed set was obtained in 15 combinations, but only 6 of them resulted in adult plants. In the combination with Hordeum bulbosum (2x), a haploid of T. caput‐medusae was obtained as a result of selective elimination of the H. bulbosum chromosomes. All other hybrid plants were morphologically intermediate between the parents. They were highly sterile with low pollen fertility caused by very low chromosome pairing at meiosis and without any seed set.The few hybrid plants obtained and the lack of pairing at meiosis support that Taeniatherum is a distinct genus within the Triticeae.
The genus Betula in Greenland‐Holocene history, present distribution and synecology
Authors: Fredskild Bent 
Published: March 2008

After its arrival in E Greenland c. 8000 C‐14 years B.P.Betula nanaspread rapidly to become a dominant plant. A climatic change c. 5000 B.P. almost exterminated it at more oceanic sites, whereas inland it only lost little ground. Today it is common inland in many kinds of heath and other vegetation types. When it spread to Middle W Greenland around 6500 B.P. it only took two to three centuries to become dominating in the continental inland whereas the spreading to the coastal areas began later and was more gradual. After the Holocene climatic optimum it decreased here but kept its dominating position inland, where today it is a main plant in mossy heaths on N slopes and dry, grassy communities on S slopes.Betula glandulosaarrived in SW Greenland c. 5 700 B.P., later on in S Greenland. It is a lowarctic, oceanic plant, missing only on the outer skerries, but being common in mossy heaths all through the fjords, where it also occurs in grassland vegetation types and, at the head of the fjords, as undergrowth in the subarctic, usually 4–5 m high birch woodlands formed byB. pubescens, which did not arrive until c. 3500 B.P. The most common plant communities, in which the threeBetulaspecies occur in different parts of Greenland are summarized, partly by referring to other publications, partly by presenting six new tables of vegetation analyses, stored in the Botanical Museum or published in “grey literature”. Where the species meet, hybridizing and introgression take place. Distribution maps of the three species and two hybrids are presented, and the taxonomy summarized.
Soil and vegetation in two Danish fens following changes in water regime
Authors: Hald Anna Bodil , Petersen Peter Milan 
Published: March 2008

Over a six year period, lowering of the water table throughout the year in two Danish eutrophic fens led to an increase in bulk density and a decrease in pH, exchangeable base cations, total P, available P, and available Mn. The vascular plant flora and ecological characteristics of the vegetation (weighted Moisture‐value, Drainage Index, Nitrogen‐value and Reaction‐value, and proportion of fen species, of different growth forms, and of different seed dispersal types) changed in accordance with changes in water regime towards more dry conditions, changes of edaphic variables towards more acid and oligotrophic conditions, and increased probability of establishment of plants on patches without vegetation.Additional two years with reestablishment of the original winter water table in one of the fens led to a further decrease in total P and available P. Most of the non‐fen species, which had established in the period with low water table throughout the year, were significantly weakened. However, after a period of two years with reestablished winter water table the vegetation was still different from the original vegetation. Methods to state the statistical significance of changes in frequency of species and ecological characteristics of the vegetation have been worked out.
Recolonization of experimentally bared soil in a grazed common in Denmark
Authors: Hansen Kjeld , Jensen Jørgen 
Published: March 2008

In an old grazed and very diverse common in Central Zealand, Denmark, the recolonization of vegetation on experimentally bared mineral soil was studied over a six years period (198691). In six experimental squares (1×1 m) in pairs placed in three different areas the plant cover and 10 cm of top soil was removed in 1986 after an analysis (Hult‐Sernander‐Du Rietz method) of the vegetation in a central, fixed plot (50 × 50 cm) and an examination of the flora in the nearest surroundings (<10 m).In each of the following years (1987–91) the recolonizating vegetation of the bared plots was analysed again. After one year an almost closed vegetation was already established in most of the plots. The new vegetation consists mostly of immigrating previously found species but often with another cover value. A small number of the original species are still absent after five years. A smaller number of the species in the new vegetation are intrusive, and most of these species are coming from the nearest surroundings. In the first five years all recolonization is by means of diaspores, and the diversity increases in the last years. The paper discusses returning, disappearing and new intrusive species with background in their way of dispersal of diaspores. The conclusion is that in 1991 a succession is still ‐ but slowly ‐ going on and that a totally stable vegetation possibly never will be established.
Reduction of Tetrardisia to Ardisia
Authors: Larsen Kai , Ming Hu Chi 
Published: March 2008

Larsen, K. & Hu, C. M. 1995. Reduction of Tetrardisia to Ardisia. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 161–162. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The genus Tetrardisia Mez is reduced to Ardisia Sw. subgenus Tetrardisia subgen. nov. including four species. A key to the species is provided.
Two new species of Centella (Umbelliferae) with notes on the infrageneric taxonomy
Authors: Schubert Mahalia T. R. , van Wyk Ben‐Erik 
Published: March 2008

Schubert, M. T. R. & Van Wyk, B.‐E. 1995. Two new species of Centella (Umbelliferae) with notes on the infrageneric taxonomy. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 167–171. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Two highly localized new species, Centella ternata and C. umbellata are described. Both species are unusual in having three bisexual flowers per umbellule. In C. umbellata the umbellules are arranged in two‐ to five‐rayed umbels, and the latter are borne on a distinct leaf‐opposed peduncle, while they (the rays) are single and axillary in C. ternata. On the basis of the three‐flowered umbellules, both species could be accommodated in Trisanthus but this would make the subgenus paraphyletic. The known geographical distributions and diagnostic characters are described and illustrated.
Dicoma hindana (Asteraceae), a new species from Somalia
Authors: Ortiz Santiago , Oubiiia Juan Rodriguez 
Published: March 2008

Ortíz, S. & Oubiña, J.R. 1995. Dicoma hindana (Asteraceae), a new species from Somalia. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 187–189. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.A new species of the genus Dicoma (sect. Psilocoma), from Somalia, is described. The characteristics by which it can be distinguished from related species are listed.
A new species of Campylanthus (Scrophulariaceae) from Yemen
Authors: Thulin Mats 
Published: March 2008

Thulin, M. 1995. A new species of Campylanthus (Scrophulariaceae) from Yemen. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 191–192. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Campylanthus antonii, a new species from the Mahrah Region in Yemen, is described and illustrated.
Seed burial by soil burrowing beetles
Authors: Bernhardt K.‐G. 
Published: March 2008

Bernhardt, K.‐G. 1995. Seed burial by soil burrowing beetles. — Nord J. Bot. 15: 257–260. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.This investigation shows the role of soil digging beetles (Carabidae, Heteroceridae) in burial of myxospermous seeds. Field experiments with containers filled with sterilized sand, seeds of different plant species and soil digging beetles, are used. After six months in plots with digging insects seeds were found in deeper soil depths (up to 10 cm soil depth) than seeds in control plots. The study was done with beetles belonging to newly created sandy land. The study shows that beetles can be important for seed dispersal and seed burial and that seeds deep in the soil do not need to be old.
Psednotrichia, a genus of the tribe Senecioneae hitherto misplaced in the Astereae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Anderberg Arne A. , Karis Per Ola 
Published: March 2008

Anderberg, A. A. & Karis, P. O. 1995. Psednotrichia, a genus of the tribe Senecioneae hitherto misplaced in the Astereae (Asteraceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 375–379. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The tribal position for the little known genus Psednorrichia, is established. This monotypic genus, hitherto placed in the tribe Astereae, is a congener of Xyridopsis of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). The two species of Xyridopsis are here transferred to Psednotrichia and the new combinations P. xyridopsis and P. newtonii are made. A brief discussion of the morphology of the genus, and its systematic position within the tribe Senecioneae is provided.
Thirteen new species of Dendrochilum (Orchidaceae), a new record from Burma, and a checklist of the genus in East Malesia
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Ærenlund 
Published: March 2008

Pedersen, H. Æ. 1995. Thirteen new species of Dendrochilum (Orchidaceae), a new record from Burma, and a checklist of the genus in East Malesia. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 381402. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Seven new species of Dendrochilum are described from the Philippines, viz. D. amesianum, D. flexuosum, D. louisianum, D. parvipapillatum, D. plocoglottoides, D. quisumbingianum and D. tetradactyliferum. The widespread species D. longifolium is recorded from Burma for the first time, and an annotated checklist of Dendrochilum in East Malesia, i.e. the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, and New Guinea is given. This list enumerates a total of 21 species, including D. cornutum and D. pallideflavens which are here recorded from East Malesia for the first time. Six species in the checklist are described as new, viz. D. ambangense, D. citrinum, D. erectila‐bium, D. eymae, D. galeatum, and D. longipedicellatum.