bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding nuggets in documents: A machine learning approach
Authors: Brook Wu Yi‐fang , Li Quanzhi , Bot Razvan Stefan , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDocument keyphrases provide a concise summary of a document's content, offering semantic metadata summarizing a document. They can be used in many applications related to knowledge management and text mining, such as automatic text summarization, development of search engines, document clustering, document classification, thesaurus construction, and browsing interfaces. Because only a small portion of documents have keyphrases assigned by authors, and it is time‐consuming and costly to manually assign keyphrases to documents, it is necessary to develop an algorithm to automatically generate keyphrases for documents. This paper describes a Keyphrase Identification Program (KIP), which extracts document keyphrases by using prior positive samples of human identified phrases to assign weights to the candidate keyphrases. The logic of our algorithm is: The more keywords a candidate keyphrase contains and the more significant these keywords are, the more likely this candidate phrase is a keyphrase. KIP's learning function can enrich the glossary database by automatically adding new identified keyphrases to the database. KIP's personalization feature will let the user build a glossary database specifically suitable for the area of his/her interest. The evaluation results show that KIP's performance is better than the systems we compared to and that the learning function is effective.
A “stereo” document representation for textual information retrieval
Authors: Chen Liang , Zeng Jia , Tokuda Naoyuki 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new document representation model is presented in this paper. This model is based on the idea of representing a document by two or more pictures of the document taken from different perspectives. It is shown that by applying the stereo representation model, enhanced textual retrieval performance is achieved because the new model improves the capability of capturing individual features of the document. Experiments have been conducted on two standard corpora, TIME and ADI, using the standard term vector method and the latent semantic indexing (LSI) method based upon both the stereo representation model and the traditional representation model. Statistical t‐tests on the experimental results have convincingly illustrated that these methods achieve significant improvements in retrieval performances with the stereo representation model over those with the traditional representation model.
Unprecedented chemiluminescence behaviour during peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence of oxalates with fluorescent or electron‐donating aryloxy groups
Authors: Koike Ryu , Kato Yuji , Motoyoshiya Jiro , Nishii Yoshinori , Aoyama Hiromu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA series of diaryl and bis(4‐styrylphenyl) oxalates with electron‐donating substituents or fluorescent moieties were subjected to the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO‐CL) reaction, some of which were found to behave in a unprecedented manner. The reaction of bis(p‐methyoxyphenyl) oxalate, as a representative example, emits light due not only to the emission from the externally added excited fluorophore, but also from the presumable excimer of p‐methoxyphenol. Also, during the reaction of the bis(4‐styrylphenyl) oxalates, the emission based on the fluorescence as well as the excimer of the eliminating group were observed. These experimental results suggest that such emitting species would be formed by an intra‐ and intermolecular electronic interaction with a high‐energy intermediate, such as a dioxetanone. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel reporter gene in a fluorescent‐based whole cell sensing system
Authors: Feliciano Jessika , Liu Yue , Daunert Sylvia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA common problem encountered when using fluorescence detection in real samples analysis is that the matrix may contain compounds that autofluoresce or that can be excited at the wavelengths of commonly employed fluorescent reporter molecules. This causes an increase in background fluorescence, which in turn tends to compromise the detection limits of the system. To address this issue, we investigated the use of a reporter enzyme that produces fluorescent compounds, which can be excited at wavelengths that are not commonly encountered in compounds present in real samples. For that, a whole cell‐based sensing system for arsenite that employs cobA as the reporter gene was developed. The system utilizes genetically engineered bacteria that incorporate the specificity of the ars operon with the sensitivity of the cobA gene. The cobA gene codes for uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase that converts the substrate uroporphyrinogen (urogen) III into two fluorescent compounds sirohydrochlorin and trimethylpyrrocorphin. Urogen III is ubiquitous within the cell, however, because the cells use it for vitamin B12 and siroheme biosynthesis, this sensing system is limited by substrate availability. By supplementing the media with ALA, a precursor of urogen III, a more stable and reproducible response was obtained. We observed three excitation maxima at 357, 378, and 498 nm, with a single emission maximum at 605 nm. Excitation at 498 nm was selected because it results in less background interference as most endogenous substances are not active at this wavelength. Advantages and limitations of using the cobA gene in whole‐cell sensing applications are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visible laser and UV‐A radiation impact on a PNP degrading Moraxella strain and its rpoS mutant
Authors: Nandakumar Kanavillil , Keeler Werden , Schraft Heidi , Leung Kam T. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe role of stationary phase sigma factor gene (rpoS) in the stress response of Moraxella strain when exposed to radiation was determined by comparing the stress responses of the wild‐type (WT) and its rpoS knockout (KO) mutant. The rpoS was turned on by starving the WT cultures for 24 h in minimal salt medium. Under non‐starved condition, both WT and KO planktonic Moraxella cells showed an increase in mortality with the increase in duration of irradiation. In the planktonic non‐starved Moraxella, for the power intensity tested, UV radiation caused a substantially higher mortality rate than did by the visible laser light (the mortality rate observed for 15‐min laser radiation was 53.4 ± 10.5 and 48.7 ± 8.9 for WT and KO, respectively, and 97.6 ± 0 and 98.5 ± 0 for 25 s of UV irradiation in WT and KO, respectively). However, the mortality rate decreased significantly in the starved WT when exposed to these two radiations. In comparison, rpoS protected the WT against the visible laser light more effectively than it did for the UV radiation. The WT and KO strains of Moraxella formed distinctly different types of biofilms on stainless steel coupons. The KO strain formed a denser biofilm than did the WT. Visible laser light removed biofilms from the surfaces more effectively than did the UV. This was true when comparing the mortality of bacteria in the biofilms as well. The inability of UV radiation to penetrate biofilms due to greater rates of surface absorption is considered to be the major reason for the weaker removal of biofilms in comparison to that of the visible laser light. This result suggests that high power visible laser light might be an effective tool for the removal of biofilms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scaled‐up production of mammalian neural precursor cell aggregates in computer‐controlled suspension bioreactors
Authors: Gilbertson Jane A. , Sen Arindom , Behie Leo A. , Kallos Michael S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe clinical use of neural precursor cells (NPCs) for the treatment of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, requires overcoming the scarcity of these cells through controlled expansion. The main objective of the present study was to develop a large‐scale computer‐controlled bioprocess for the expansion of mammalian NPCs in suspension culture by scaling up existing reactor protocols. In order to support the oxygen demands of the maximum cell densities achieved, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient was kept above 1.10/h while scaling‐up from small‐scale 125 mL vessels to large‐scale 500 mL bioreactors. In addition, the maximum shear stress at the impeller tip was maintained between 0.30 and 0.75 Pa to reduce damage to the cells. The resulting large‐scale bioprocess achieved maximum viable cell densities of 1.2 × 106 cells/mL and a batch multiplication ratio of 9.1. Moreover, the process successfully maintained the NPC characteristics observed in small‐scale studies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population-based study of risk factors for postoperative death after anterior resection of the rectum
Authors: Matthiessen P , Hallböök O , Rutegård J , Sjödahl R 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

Background
The aim of this population-based study was to analyse risk factors for death within 30 days after anterior resection of the rectum.

Methods
Between 1987 and 1995 a total of 6833 patients underwent elective anterior resection of the rectum in Sweden. One hundred and forty of these patients died within 30 days or during the initial hospital stay. These patients were compared with a randomly chosen cohort of 423 patients who underwent the same operation during the same interval, and were alive after 30 days and discharged from hospital. The association between death and 12 putative risk factors was studied.

Results
The mortality rate after elective anterior resection was 2·1 per cent (140 of 6833). The incidence of clinical anastomotic leakage was 42·1 per cent (59 of 140) among those who died and 10·9 per cent (46 of 423) in the cohort group. Multivariate regression analysis identified clinical leakage, increased age, male sex, Dukes' ‘D’ stage and intraoperative adverse events as independent risk factors for death within 30 days.

Conclusion
Clinical anastomotic leakage was a major cause of postoperative death after anterior resection.
Whose job is poverty? the problems of therapeutic intervention with children who are sexually violent
Authors: Allan Julaine 
Published: February 2006

AbstractChildren who commit sexually violent acts have been identified in increasing numbers since the 1980s. Professionals who practise therapeutic intervention with this group have struggled to find explanations for their client's deviant behaviour. Current explanations for, and discourses on, the occurrence of sexual violence minimize the effect of poverty in the therapeutic arena. The most difficult and worrisome child clients for participants of this research are the poor ones, yet the practice of counselling is unable to address structural disadvantage. This leads to a poverty culture explanation for sexual violence and child abuse which recognizes poverty yet pathologizes the individual. The identification of a new problem—children's sexual violence—the individualized case‐based approach to intervention and current social policy minimize the continuing and persistent problem of poverty. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding indications for the treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis in children by using cutting balloon angioplasty
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Antonio La Torre Marco , Massimo Chessa , Mario Carminati 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the role of cutting balloon angioplasty in children with pulmonary artery stenosis. Background: Pulmonary artery stenoses can be either congenital or secondary to postoperative scar formation. Isolated multiple small‐vessel pulmonary artery stenoses are very rare. No surgical procedures for their treatment are currently available. Methods: We report on four patients in whom standard and high‐pressure balloon angioplasty had failed. Three of the four (2.5‐, 3‐, and 3.5‐years‐old; two girls) had isolated multiple peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. The fourth patient was an 11‐month‐old girl (8 kg) with tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic pulmonary artery branches treated with the implantation of two stents in the pulmonary arteries. During the follow‐up this patient developed severe intrastent restenosis and showed severely hypoplasic distal left pulmonary artery. Results: We treated 11 vessels. The mean vessel diameter increased by 81% (P < 0.0001) and RV/LV pressure ratio decreased from 1.15 to 0.75 (P = 0.05). Patient treated for intrastent restenosis underwent successful complete tetralogy of Fallot repair. None of the patients suffered procedure‐related complications. At a median follow‐up of 18 months, results were stable and no late complications had occurred. Conclusions: Cutting balloon angioplasty is a promising technique for the treatment of highly challenging pathologies such as small vessel pulmonary artery stenoses and intrastent restenosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction time as a predictor of imaginative suggestibility and hypnotizability
Authors: Braffman Wayne , Kirsch Irving 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory investigation was to examine the relationship between reaction time, hypnotizability and imaginative suggestibility. The study participants were 119 undergraduate students who were assessed for non‐hypnotic and hypnotic suggestibility, performed simple and go/no‐go reaction time tasks and completed response expectancy, motivation, absorption and fantasy‐proneness scales. Faster simple response times were associated with greater hypnotic suggestibility, hypnotizability, response expectancies, absorption, fantasy‐proneness and non‐hypnotic motivation. Go/no‐go response time was not significantly correlated with any of these measures. With the other controlled, each reaction time measure was uniquely associated with hypnotic expectancy, hypnotic suggestibility, and hypnotizability, but in opposite directions. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
A theory of hypnosis based on principles of conditioning and inhibition
Authors: Barrios Alfred A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA theory of hypnosis based mainly on principles of conditioning and inhibition is proposed, covering the hypnotic induction process, hypnotic phenomena and post‐hypnotic phenomena. The overall explanation presented is delineated in a set of three initial postulates and seven subsequent hypotheses. Hypnotic induction is defined as the giving of a series of suggestions so that a positive response to a previous suggestion conditions the subject to respond more strongly to the next suggestion. This induction process is placed in a conditioning paradigm, with the condition stimulus (CS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), conditioned response (CR) and unconditioned response (UCR), trials and reinforcement clearly delineated. Summarized in brief, hypnotic induction is explained as the conditioning of an inhibitory set, a set which increases responsiveness to suggestion by inhibiting stimuli and thoughts which would contradict the suggested response. The various hypnotic and post‐hypnotic phenomena are explained in terms of this set. Post‐hypnotic behaviour changes are further explained as produced through a process of higher‐order conditioning; hypnosis facilitates such conditioning thanks to the inhibitory set which suppresses any interfering stimuli. The theory may be broad enough to cover not only hypnosis but also related areas such as persuasion, the placebo effect and faith. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Old Molecules for New Receptors: Trp(Nps) Dipeptide Derivatives as Vanilloid TRPV1 Channel Blockers
Authors: Bonache M. Angeles , García‐Martínez Carolina , García de Diego Laura , Carreño Cristina , Pérez de Vega M. Jesús , García‐López M. Teresa , Ferrer‐Montiel Antonio , González‐Muñiz Rosario 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1), an integrator of multiple pain‐producing stimuli, is regarded nowadays as an important biological target for the discovery of novel analgesics. Here, we describe the first experimental evidence for the behavior of an old family of analgesic dipeptides, namely Xaa‐Trp(Nps) and Trp(Nps)‐Xaa (Xaa=Lys, Arg) derivatives, as potent TRPV1 channel blockers. We also report the synthesis and biological investigation of a series of new conformationally restricted Trp(Nps)‐dipeptide derivatives with improved TRPV1/NMDA selectivity. Compound15 b, which incorporates an N‐terminal 2S‐azetidine‐derived Arg residue, was the most selective compound in this series. Collectively, a new family of TRPV1 channel blockers emerged from our results, although further modifications are required to fine‐tune the potency/selectivity/toxicity balance.
A PEG‐Based Biocompatible Block Catiomer with High Buffering Capacity for the Construction of Polyplex Micelles Showing Efficient Gene Transfer toward Primary Cells
Authors: Kanayama Naoki , Fukushima Shigeto , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Itaka Keiji , Jang Woo‐Dong , Miyata Kanjiro , Yamasaki Yuichi , Chung Ung‐il , Kataoka Kazunori 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNonviral gene vectors from synthetic catiomers (polyplexes) are a promising alternative to viral vectors. In particular, many recent efforts have been devoted to the construction of biocompatible polyplexes for in vivo nonviral gene therapy. A promising approach in this regard is the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based block catiomers, which form a nanoscaled core–shell polyplex with biocompatible PEG palisades. In this study, a series of PEG‐based block catiomers with different amine functionalities were newly prepared by a simple and affordable synthetic procedure based on an aminolysis reaction, and their utility as gene carriers was investigated. This study revealed that the block catiomers carrying the ethylenediamine unit at the side chain are capable of efficient and less toxic transfection even toward primary cells, highlighting critical structural factors of the cationic units in the construction of polyplex‐type gene vectors. Moreover, the availability of the polyplex micelle for transfection with primary osteoblasts will facilitate its use for bone regeneration in vivo mediated by nonviral gene transfection.
Quantitative analysis of promoter hypermethylation in multiple genes in osteosarcoma
Authors: Hou Peng , Ji Meiju , Yang Bin , Chen Zaozao , Qiu Junjun , Shi Xin , Lu Zuhong 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDOsteosarcoma is the most common solid malignant diseases of childhood, occurring in approximately 6 children per million annually; however, to the authors' knowledge to date, the cause of osteosarcoma has remained mostly unknown. Genetic alterations of genes that are specific for osteosarcoma have not been identified. Genetic alternations in the status of DNA methylation, known as epigenetic alterations, are the most common molecular alterations in human neoplasia. Aberrant methylation in the promoter region of tumor‐related genes is associated closely with epigenetically mediated gene silencing, which is a common feature in human tumors.METHODSThe authors analyzed CpG islands of 5 different gene loci for aberrant methylation profiles in 30 pairs of osteosarcoma and corresponding normal tissues by using the quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction method. The objectives of this study were to characterize the methylation changes in osteosarcoma more extensively and to identify epigenetic biomarkers that may be useful in the diagnosis and prevention of osteosarcoma.RESULTSFor the Ras effector homologue (RASSF1A), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), O‐6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and death‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) genes, significant differences were observed in the degree of hypermethylation between tumors and normal tissues (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Measurement of the cumulative multiple promoter hypermethylation revealed striking differences between tumor specimens and normal tissues (t = 7.31; P < .001). There also was a significant difference in the levels of DNA methylation between the metastatic and nonmetastatic high‐grade osteosarcomas (t = 4.57; P < .01). In addition, the methylation levels were associated closely with gender (t = 6.44; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSThe results indicated that tumor tissues from patients with osteosarcoma had a significantly higher incidence of hypermethylation for several genes compared with corresponding normal tissues. The epigenetic changes observed in this study may have prognostic importance for patients with osteosarcoma. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase polymorphisms, and the risk of developing breast carcinoma among women with benign breast disease
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , McSorley Meghan A. , Newschaffer Craig J. , Thuita Lucy W. , Huang Han‐Yao , Hoffman Sandra C. , Helzlsouer Kathy J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiopsy‐proven benign breast disease (BBD) is a risk factor for developing breast carcinoma; however, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding factors related to progression to carcinoma. A cohort study was conducted to examine the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) polymorphisms and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the progression of BBD to breast carcinoma.METHODSAmong participants in an ongoing cohort study, 1467 women underwent a breast biopsy for BBD. Of these women, 91 subsequently developed breast carcinoma. Medication data were collected in 1989 and in 1996. COX genotypes were determined using DNA extracted from blood specimens collected in 1989.RESULTSA decrease in breast carcinoma risk was observed among women who reported using aspirin in 1989 (odds ratio [OR] of .46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], .22–.98) and in 1996 (OR of .47, 95% CI, .18–1.21). Furthermore, a higher frequency, dose, and longer duration of aspirin use were associated with a decrease in the odds of developing breast carcinoma. Overall, no association was observed between COX genotypes and the subsequent development of breast carcinoma. However, among women not using NSAIDs, one COX‐2 polymorphism (rs2143416) was found to be significantly associated with the development of breast carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSFindings from the current study suggest that inflammation through COX‐2 pathways may play a role in the progression of BBD to breast carcinoma and that aspirin may help to lower the risk of progression to breast carcinoma among women with BBD. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.