bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ag, Pb co-doped SnSe high performance thermoelectric materials
Authors: Li Shuailing , Li Zhen , Duan Jie , Lou Shiyun , Zhou Shaomin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
SnSe, as a novel thermoelectric material, has ultrahigh thermoelectric properties in its single crystals, while the thermoelectric properties of polycrystals need to be further improved. Introducing atomic disorder to increase the lattice anharmonicity of the material is a typical strategy to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and enhance the thermoelectric properties. Ag and Pb co-doping increased the effective carrier mass of the samples, and the resultant strong phonon scattering leads to a drastic decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity over the whole temperature range, and at the same time, optimizes the energy-band structure of SnSe, which finally significantly increases the Seebeck coefficient of SnSe. However, the electrical properties of SnSe deteriorate due to Pb elemental doping, so we introduce Ag atoms with higher intrinsic conductivity to increase its conductivity. At 800 K, the electrical conductivity of the Sn0.82Ag0.08Pb0.1Se sample is about twice as much as that of the undoped SnSe, and the thermal conductivity is 0.28 W mK−1. The ZT value of Sn0.82Ag0.08Pb0.1Se sample peaked at ∼1.33 at 800 K compared to only ∼0.48 for undoped SnSe. The ZT
ave value of Sn0.82Ag0.08Pb0.1Se sample in the temperature range of 300–500 K was ∼0.36 compared to only ∼0.083 for undoped SnSe samples.
Bio-inspired pulsed power switch under shock wave
Authors: Luo Kang , Li Lee , Guo Jingrun , Zhang Lixiong , Hou Tianyu , Shen Hao , Yu Bin , Yang Kai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The spark gap switch is a crucial component in the primary energy drive system for large pulse power devices. The switch electrodes are composed of high-density artificial graphite, possessing excellent erosion resistance. However, insufficient mechanical strength in the graphite electrodes makes them especially susceptible to mechanical damage under the enormous impact force caused by the increasing arc current, which seriously affects the reliability and service life of the switch. The distribution of the shock wave overpressure on the graphite electrode surface is deduced and calculated, and the refraction and reflection process of the shock wave from the air to the graphite interface is analyzed based on the Huygens–Fresnel principle. Furthermore, the doubling of refracted shock wave intensity into the graphite electrode is a preliminary characterization. The propagation process of stress wave after the shock wave enters the electrode is investigated by establishing two conventional graphite electrode structure models, namely T-shape and reverse T-shape, which reveal that severe stress concentration occurs in both structures. Drawing inspiration from the physiological structure of the woodpecker’s head, renowned for its exceptional impact resistance, the macroscopic geometry of the graphite electrode and the assembly structure of the switch have been bionically designed. The simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison to the conventional electrode structure, the bionic electrode structure eliminates stress concentration at the bolt end and electrode corner, while significantly reducing maximum equivalent stress and the degree of the stress concentration on the bottom surface of the electrode. These features contribute to the enhancement of the current capacity and reliability of the spark gap switch.
Metal oxide-mixed polymer-based hybrid electrochromic supercapacitor: improved efficiency and dual band switching
Authors: Sahu Bhumika , Bansal Love , Ghosh Tanushree , Kandpal Suchita , Rath Deb Kumar , Rani Chanchal , Wesemann Christoph , Bigall Nadja C , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The inclusion of charge storage properties in electrochromic devices (ECDs) has gained much interest and has evolved into a promising emerging energy-related field due to multifunctional smart device applications. Here, an organic–inorganic solid-state asymmetric electrochromic supercapacitor device (ESCD) containing nano-CoTiO3-mixed poly-3-hexylthiophene and WO3 as two electrodes has been designed to study electrochromic and supercapacitor properties. The electrochemical properties of CoTiO3 show a pseudocapacitive-type charge storage capability, which has been utilized to enhance the electrochromic performance of the ESCD with additional charge storage ability. The device shows charge storage properties with fast charging and slow discharging, giving very high coulombic efficiency with a specific capacitance of 6.4 mF cm−2 at 0.2 mA cm−2 current density. The device shows excellent electrochromic supercapacitive properties with a color contrast of ∼50% and a short switching time of ∼1 s at a 515 nm wavelength with excellent cyclic stability. The device exhibits the capability to cut near infrared wavelength (700 nm and 850 nm) and has a potential application as a heat filtering device. Thus, the addition of pseudocapacitive-type materials in ECDs enhances the capacitive performance along with electrochromic properties, which makes ECDs more suitable for real life applications.
B
0—
B¯0
mixing in the U(1)
X
SSM
Authors: Han Xing-Yu , Zhao Shu-Min , Wang Xi , Wang Yi-Tong , Wang Tong-Tong , Long Xin-Xin , Dong Xing-Xing , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

U(1)
X
SSM is a non-universal Abelian extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and its local gauge group is extended to SU(3)
C
× SU(2)
L
× U(1)
Y
× U(1)
X
. Based on the latest data of neutral meson mixing and experimental limitations, we investigate the process of

B

0

−

B

0

¯

mixing in U(1)
X
SSM. Using the effective Hamiltonian method, the Wilson coefficients and mass difference Δm

B
are derived. The abundant numerical results verify that

v

S

,

M

D

2

,

λ

C

,

μ
,

M

2

,

tan
β
,

g

YX

,

M

1

and λ

H
are sensitive parameters to the process of

B

0

−

B

0

¯

mixing. With further measurement in the experiment, the parameter space of the U(1)
X
SSM will be further constrained during the mixing process of

B

0

−

B

0

¯

.
Van Hove singularity driven enhancement of superconductivity in two-dimensional tungsten monofluoride (WF)
Authors: Jamwal Prarena , Ahuja Rajeev , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Superconductivity in two-dimensional materials has gained significant attention in the last few years. In this work, we report phonon-mediated superconductivity investigations in monolayer Tungsten monofluoride (WF) by solving anisotropic Migdal Eliashberg equations as implemented in EPW. By employing first-principles calculations, our examination of phonon dispersion spectra suggests that WF is dynamically stable. Our results show that WF has weak electron–phonon coupling (EPC) strength (λ) of 0.49 with superconducting transition temperature (T

c
) of 2.6 K. A saddle point is observed at 0.11 eV below the Fermi level (E

F
) of WF, which corresponds to the Van Hove singularity (VHS). On shifting the Fermi level to the VHS by hole doping (3.7 × 1014 cm−2), the EPC strength increases to 0.93, which leads to an increase in the T

c
to 11 K. However, the superconducting transition temperature of both pristine and doped WF increases to approximately 7.2 K and 17.2 K, respectively, by applying the Full Bandwidth (FBW) anisotropic Migdal–Eliashberg equations. Our results provide a platform for the experimental realization of superconductivity in WF and enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature by adjusting the position of E

F
to the VHS.
Outer surface defect detection of steel pipes with 3D vision based on multi-line structured lights
Authors: Jin Lei , Li Siyuan , Qin Guan , Xu Ke 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Surface defects pose a significant threat to the quality of hot rolled seamless steel pipes. While the efficacy of contemporary vision-based deep learning methodologies is undeniable, they encounter significant challenges in accurately identifying defects of substantial depth that compromise quality. Furthermore, these techniques often erroneously report numerous superficial defects. To overcome this obstacle, we have designed a novel visual detection system specifically for identifying surface defects on steel pipes. This system is inspired by laser triangulation and compensates for the absence of depth information in 2D images by leveraging the shape alterations of a multilinear structured light bar projected onto the steel pipe’s surface. Addressing the challenge of acquiring evenly distributed and difficult-to-obtain defect samples in real-world production processes, we have incorporated an unsupervised anomaly detection network, PatchCore, into the system. The proposed method achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 99.84% and an F1 score of 0.9778 on a dataset collected and labeled at an industrial site. Furthermore, the online detection system has been successfully integrated into a hot rolled steel pipe production line, underscoring its practical applicability.
Depth_ASPP_UNet++: a novel 2D ESPI phase unwrapping based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Linlin , Liang Wenjie , Xue Wenke , Zhang Yinwen , Wang Chuanyun , Gao Qian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phase unwrapping is a key step in optical metrology and physical optics to obtain accurate phase distributions. In practice, phase images obtained from electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) exhibit diverse and complex morphology, with significant shape variations and non-uniform densities among different individuals. This takes challenges for accurately extracting phase information and unwrapping the phase. With the progress of deep learning technology in optical image processing, real-time performance and accuracy have become concerned issues. In this paper, an ESPI phase unwrapping method based on convolutional neural network UNet++ is proposed. The proposed network combines the depthwise separable convolution (DSC), atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP), defined as Depth_ASPP_UNet++. In this model, the use of DSC improves network computational efficiency and provides better feature representation capability. In addition, ASPP is introduced to pay more attention to the phase information of the phase image, and then obtain better phase unwrapping results. The experimental results show that our proposed method can obtain excellent results, especially with various of variable density, different noise levels, and different speckle sizes.
On-shaft ball bearings monitoring by using an inertial measurement unit (IMU): defects severity signatures under stationary and non-stationary conditions
Authors: Chiementin Xavier , Chevallier Eddy , Leroux Solen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present work focuses on the using of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to monitor the signatures of defects in ball bearings under stationary and non-stationary regimes. The present paper completes the existing literature for both regimes by (i) investigating the influence of IMU parameters on signals derived from six axes and by (ii) proposing signal processing methodologies to detect defects in outer and inner rings. Defects are both declined on the inner and outer rings in five severities, and are studied at six rotation speeds (5 rpm to 400 rpm) and five radial loads (100 kg to 500 kg). Detection and diagnostic were made qualitatively and summarize in tables. Two different methods for processing the non-stationary regime signals are compared. Our results open new ways on the improvement of inertial units and their application.
Applied electric field to repair metal defects and accelerate dehydrogenation
Authors: Gao Yunpeng , Zeng Xiangguo , Chi Minghua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Repairing metal micro-defects at the atomic level is very challenging due to their random dispersion and difficulty in identification. At the same time, the interaction of hydrogen with metal may cause hydrogen damage or embrittlement, endangering structural safety. As a result, it is critical to speed up the dehydrogenation of hydrogen-containing materials. The applied electric field can repair the vacancy defects of the material and accelerate the dehydrogenation of the hydrogen-containing metal. The influence of the external environment on the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in polycrystalline metals was researched using molecular dynamics in this article, and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion was investigated. Simultaneously, the mechanical characteristics of Fe3Cr alloy were compared during typical heat treatment and electrical treatment. The effect of temperature, electric field strength, and electric field direction on the diffusion coefficient was investigated using orthogonal test analysis. The results demonstrate that temperature and electric field strength have a significant impact on the diffusion coefficient. The atom vibrates violently as the temperature rises, breaking past the diffusion barrier and completing the atomic transition. The addition of the electric field adds extra free energy, decreases the atom’s activation energy, and ultimately enhances the atom’s diffusion coefficient. The repair impact of vacancy defects under electrical treatment is superior to that of typical annealing treatment for polycrystalline Fe3Cr alloy. The electric field can cause the dislocation to migrate, increasing the metal’s toughness and plasticity. This research serves as a useful reference for the electrical treatment of metal materials and offers a method for the quick dehydrogenation of hydrogen-containing materials.
First-principles study on the effect of point defects on the magnetic new mechanism and optical properties of the GaN:Be/Mg/Ca system
Authors: Hou Qingyu , Qi Mude , Li Cong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The new magnetic mechanism and optical properties of Ga vacancies and Hi interstitial in the GaN: Be/Mg/Ca system have not been fully understood, and the use of first principles can solve this problem. The effect of point defects on the magnetic mechanism and optical properties of the GaN: Be/Mg/Ca system was investigated using the first nature principle of the hybridized generalized HSE06 method. Results show that all doped systems have N2− ions in addition to N3− ions, and N2− ions have the dual property of itinerant electrons in the off-domain (donor) and of local electrons (acceptor). The magnetism of magnetic doped systems is generated by the hybrid coupling of Ga4s and N2− 2p states. In comparison with the Ga34MN36 (M = Be/Ca) system, the magnetic moments of Ga34MHiN36 (M = Be/Ca) system are reduced after doping with Hi interstitial. The magnetic properties of the Ga34MgN36 system can be regulated by the presence or absence of Hi interstitial, which is advantageous as a magnetic switch. The absorption spectral distribution of the Ga34MgHiN36 system extends to the mid-infrared optical region. This material has some reference value as infrared thermophotovoltaic cells, infrared photodetectors, or infrared semiconductor lasers.
Multileaf collimator characterization and modeling for a 1.5 T MR-linac using static synchronous and asynchronous sweeping gaps
Authors: Kierkels Roel G J , Hernandez Victor , Saez Jordi , Angerud Agnes , Hilgers Guido C , Surmann Kathrin , Schuring Danny , Minken André W H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. The Elekta unity MR-linac delivers step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiotherapy plans using a multileaf collimator (MLC) based on the Agility MLC used on conventional Elekta linacs. Currently, details of the physical Unity MLC and the computational model within its treatment planning system (TPS) Monaco are lacking in published literature. Recently, a novel approach to characterize the physical properties of MLCs was introduced using dynamic synchronous and asynchronous sweeping gap (aSG) tests. Our objective was to develop a step-and-shoot version of the dynamic aSG test to characterize the Unity MLC and the computational MLC models in the Monaco and RayStation TPSs. Approach. Dynamic aSG were discretized into a step-and-shoot aSG by investigating the number of segments/sweep and the minimal number of monitor units (MU) per segment. The step-and-shoot aSG tests were compared to the dynamic aSG tests on a conventional linac at a source-to-detector distance of 143.5 cm, mimicking the Unity configuration. the step-and-shoot aSG tests were used to characterize the Unity MLC through measurements and dose calculations in both TPSs. Main results. The step-and-shoot aSGs tests with 100 segments and 5 MU/segment gave results very similar to the dynamic aSG experiments. The effective tongue-and-groove width of the Unity gradually increased up to 1.4 cm from the leaf tip end. The MLC models in RayStation and Monaco agreed with experimental data within 2.0% and 10%, respectively. The largest discrepancies in Monaco were found for aSG tests with >10 mm leaf interdigitation, which are non-typical for clinical plans. Significance. The step-and-shoot aSG tests accurately characterize the MLC in step-and-shoot delivery mode. The MLC model in RayStation 2023B accurately describes the tongue-and-groove and leaf tip effects whereas Monaco overestimates the tongue-and-groove shadowing further away from the leaf tip end.
Ultrasound image segmentation of renal tumors based on UNet++ with fusion of multiscale residuals and dual attention
Authors: Qi Hui , Wang Zhen , Qi Xiaobo , Shi Ying , Xie Tianwu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Laparoscopic renal unit-preserving resection is a routine and effective means of treating renal tumors. Image segmentation is an essential part before tumor resection. The current segmentation method mainly relies on doctors manual delineation, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and influenced by their personal experience and ability. And the image quality of segmentation is low, with problems such as blurred edges, unclear size and shape, which are not conducive to clinical diagnosis. Approach. To address these problems, we propose an automated segmentation method, i.e. the UNet++ algorithm fusing multiscale residuals and dual attention (MRDA_UNet++). It replaces two consecutive 3 × 3 convolutions in UNet++ with the ‘MultiRes block’ module, which incorporates coordinate attention to fuse features from different scales and suppress the impact of background noise. Furthermore, an attention gate is also added at the short connections to enhance the ability of the network to extract features from the target area. Main results. The experimental results show that MRDA_UNet++ achieves 93.18%, 92.87%, 93.66%, and 92.09% on the real-world dataset for MIoU, Dice, Precision, and Recall, respectively. Compared to the baseline model UNet++ on three public datasets, the MIoU, Dice, and Recall metrics improved by 6.00%, 7.90% and 18.09% respectively for BUSI, 0.39%, 0.27% and 1.03% for Dataset C, and 1.37%, 1.75% and 1.30% for DDTI. Significance. The proposed MRDA_UNet++ exhibits obvious advantages in feature extraction, which can not only significantly reduce the workload of doctors, but also further decrease the risk of misdiagnosis. It is of great value to assist doctors diagnosis in the clinic.
Effect of interstitial fluid pressure on shear wave elastography: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Cihan Ariana , Holko Kristyna , Wei Luxi , Vos Hendrik J , Debbaut Charlotte , Caenen Annette , Segers Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. An elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) can lead to strain-induced stiffening of poroelastic biological tissues. As shear wave elastography (SWE) measures functional tissue stiffness based on the propagation speed of acoustically induced shear waves, the shear wave velocity (SWV) can be used as an indirect measurement of the IFP. The underlying biomechanical principle for this stiffening behavior with pressurization is however not well understood, and we therefore studied how IFP affects SWV through SWE experiments and numerical modeling. Approach. For model set-up and verification, SWE experiments were performed while dynamically modulating IFP in a chicken breast. To identify the confounding factors of the SWV-IFP relationship, we manipulated the material model (linear poroelastic versus porohyperelastic), deformation assumptions (geometric linearity versus nonlinearity), and boundary conditions (constrained versus unconstrained) in a finite element model mimicking the SWE experiments. Main results. The experiments demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between the SWV and IFP. The model was able to reproduce a similar SWV-IFP relationship by considering an unconstrained porohyperelastic tissue. Material nonlinearity was identified as the primary factor contributing to this relationship, whereas geometric nonlinearity played a smaller role. The experiments also highlighted the importance of the dynamic nature of the pressurization procedure, as indicated by a different observed SWV-IFP for pressure buildup and relaxation, but its clinical relevance needs to be further investigated. Significance. The developed model provides an adaptable framework for SWE of poroelastic tissues and paves the way towards non-invasive measurements of IFP.
Over 43%-power-efficiency GaInN-based photoelectric transducer on free-standing GaN substrate for optical wireless power transmission system
Authors: Fujisawa Takahiro , Hu Nan , Kojima Tomoki , Egawa Takashi , Miyoshi Makoto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigated the GaInN-based photoelectric transducers (PTs) aiming at the application to optical wireless power transmission systems. A PT device structure with Ga0.9In0.1N multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs) as a light absorption layer was grown on a free-standing GaN substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and subjected to the device fabrication. The PT performance was evaluated via the two-terminal current-density vs. voltage characteristics taken under a monochromatic light illumination. The fabricated PT devices exhibited a high open-circuit voltage of approximately 2.3 V and a high shunt resistance of 41 kΩcm2, thanks to its good material qualities. In addition, its surface reflection was markedly suppressed by an adoption of a wet surface treatment and an anti-reflection coating, resulting in a high external quantum efficiency of 90% and a high short-circuit current density of 1.4 mAcm−2. Through the above investigation, a high power-conversion efficiency as great as 43.7% was achieved for the GaInN MQW PTs at a light illumination with 390 nm in wavelength and 5 mWcm−2 in optical power density.