bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OESTROGEN STIMULATED NEUROPHYSIN IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Authors: McHUGH ROSEMARY E. , MARVIN SUSAN C. , SHIRLEY ANNE , BUTT W. R. , LYNCH S. S. , GLASS M. R. , MARTIN R. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum concentrations of oestrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN) were measured throughout pregnancy in thirty‐one women and until 6 weeks post‐partum in a further twenty‐three. During pregnancy ESN rose progressively and values during labour were similar to those immediately before delivery. There were significant correlations (P < 0–05) between serum ESN and oestradiol values measured in samples from four patients. After delivery the concentration of ESN fell rapidly to the range for non‐pregnant women by 5 days post‐partum, whether the mothers lactated or not, and remained fairly constant for the next 6 weeks. Bromocriptine or metoclopramide, drugs which affect prolactin secretion, were without effect on ESN values.At 8 days post‐partum in sixteen of the eighteen patients studied there was an increase in ESN concentration 30 min after suckling commenced. At 6 weeks similar changes occurred in five of ten subjects studied. In contrast, at 8 days there was no significant change in ESN in four mothers who bottle fed their babies over the 90 min studied. The relationship between ESN and hormonal changes during pregnancy and lactation is discussed in the light of these results.
IS 1,25‐DIHYDROXY‐CHOLECALCIFEROL HARMFUL TO RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE?
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN C. , RØDBRO P. , CHRISTENSEN MERETE S. , HARTNACK BIRGITTE 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSeventeen undialysed adult patients with chronic renal failure took part in a controlled study of the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and D3. After a 6‐month observation period the patients were allocated at random to two groups for 6 months of treatment with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (mean dose 0·5 μg daily) or D3 (dose 100 μg daily). Treatment was then discontinued and the patients were studied for a further 6 months.Serum iPTH was decreased in both groups but most markedly in the 1,25(OH)2D3 group in which the iPTH values became normal. Serum creatinine increased during treatment in both groups. In the group receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 this was coupled to an increase in serum calcium within the normal range.Our data demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in patients with chronic renal failure leads to a further reduction in renal function, which may be partially reversible. Physicians should therefore be reluctant to give vitamin D analogues to patients with chronic renal failure unless they have severe symptomatic renal osteodystrophy.
AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS: A CONDITION RELATED TO A DECREASE IN T‐SUPPRESSOR CELLS
Authors: THIELEMANS C. , VANHAELST L. , DE WAELE M. , JONCKHEER M. , VAN CAMP B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies recognizing specific antigenic determinants of peripheral T‐lymphocytes (OKT3PAN), helper T‐cells (OKT4IND) and suppressor T‐cells (OKT8SUP) were used to study the immune regulation in autoimmune thyroiditis. An indirect immunofluorescence microscopy method was employed to quantify the number of different subtypes. In addition, B‐lymphocytes were also studied using a fluorescent surface Ig detection technique. Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis—independent of their clinical status—show a decrease in the number of suppressor T‐lymphocytes. This finding, in agreement with other functional tests, indicates that the autoimmune phenomenon is linked to a decreased T‐suppressor activity.
INTER‐RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGING PATTERNS OF LHRH AND GONADOTROPHINS IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: SARDA A. K. , BARNES M. A. , NAIR R. M. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOptimum conditions for a sensitive and highly precise radioimmunoassay of LHRH were established. Precipitation and removal of interfering substances and concentration of the resultant LHRH extracts from peripheral plasma were also achieved. Using these methods, daily plasma LHRH levels in females with normal menstrual cycles were measured and correlated with the corresponding LH and FSH levels. The levels of LHRH in the peripheral plasma of postmenopausal females, as well as eugonadal males, were also determined.The LHRH profile in normal cycling women was found to be cyclic but the peak LHRH levels were observed at the beginning of the rise in LH and FSH levels and preceded the midcycle surge of gonadotrophins. The LHRH levels in the luteal phase (19·8 ± 1·1 pg/ml, mean ± SEM) were significantly (P < 0·01) higher than those in the follicular phase (16·5 ± 0·5 pg/ml) of the menstrual cycle. A high degree of correlation (r = 0·91) was seen between the immunoreactivity and biological activity of the extracted LHRH.
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF DOMPERIDONE: A PERIPHERAL DOPAMINE BLOCKING AGENT
Authors: BROWN G. M. , VERHAEGAN H. , GREIDANUS T. B. VAN WIMERSMA , BRUGMANS J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn the present study, effects of domperidone, a peripheral dopamine blocking agent, on prolactin and growth hormone were examined to determine whether dopamine regulation of these hormones involved structures external to the blood‐brain barrier. A clearcut elevation in prolactin was produced by domperidone. GH response to apomorphine was partially blocked by domperidone.
ALLOSUPPRESSOR T LYMPHOCYTES ABOLISH MIGRATION INHIBITION FACTOR PRODUCTION IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE: EVIDENCE FROM RADIOSENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS
Authors: TOPLISS D. J. , OKITA N. , LEWIS M. , ROW V. V. , VOLPÉ R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe ability of normal T lymphocytes to abolish the production of migration inhibition factor by antigen‐sensitized T lymphocytes of Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in response to thyroid antigen has been studied by a modified migration inhibition factor test using isolated T lymphocytes alone. The production of migration inhibition factor was consistently abolished when normal T lymphocytes were mixed with GD or HT T lymphocytes in various ratios (1:9, 2:8, 5:5) as reported previously (Okita et al., 1980b). However, prior in‐vitro irradiation (1000 rad) of the normal T lymphocytes resulted in loss of their ability to abolish migration inhibition factor production by the antigen‐sensitized T lymphocytes of GD and HT. The effect is consistent with the radiosensitivity of suppressor T lymphocytes and indicates that the effect of normal T lymphocytes on GD and HT T lymphocytes is one of allosuppression. The results support the view that there is a defect in suppressor T cell function in GD and HT.
VASOPRESSIN FUNCTION IN HYPERCALCAEMIA
Authors: BAYLIS P. H. , MILLES J. J. , WILKINSON R. , HEATH D. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYVasopressin function and thirst were studied in fourteen hypercalcaemic patients (ten hyperparathyroid and four disseminated malignant disease). Ten patients had decreased renal concentrating ability which reversed within a few days in the majority of patients whose hypercalcaemia was corrected by parathyroidectomy. Although eight patients complained of thirst, none showed a lowered threshold of thirst appreciation during hypertonic saline infusion. Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion was not reduced in any patient, but the hyperparathyroid group had an exaggerated vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that a partial, reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs in at least 70% of hypercalcaemic patients irrespective of cause, which accounts for the polyuria induced by hypercalcaemia.
RISE IN PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE IN RESPONSE TO EXOGENOUS LRH IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
Authors: DICKERMAN Z. , RACHMEL A. , GIL‐AD I. , PRAGER‐LEWIN RUTH , GALATZER A. , LARON Z. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a group of sixteen patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) aged from 2 years 8 months to 31 years, a study was made of the plasma growth hormone (hGH) response to LRH (50 μg/m2 i.v.; n= 16), TRH (200 μg i.v.; n= 14) and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (0·1 u R.I,/kg i.v.; n= 6). There was a rise in hGH following LRH from a level below 5 ng/ml during fasting to a level above 8 ng/ml (P < 0·001) in nine (56·3%) of the sixteen patients tested; a similar response was found in only one of a control group of fifteen boys matched for age. TRH stimulation led to a rise in hGH in one of the fourteen KS patients tested, with none in the control group. Insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia elicited a normal response of hGH in the six KS patients tested, from 1·8 ± 0·7 to 16·5 ± 3·7 ng/ml, (M ± SD, P < 0·001). Basal prolactin (PRL) levels were normal in the KS patients (9·4 ± 4·1 ng/ml, M ± SD) but the response to TRH stimulation was significantly higher (63·3 ± 40 ng/ml; P < 0·01) than that of the control group (30 ± 15 ng/ml). Plasma gonadotrophin levels and the response to LRH stimulation were increased in all of the KS patients except those below the age of 13. Plasma TSH levels and the response to TRH stimulation as well as the levels of serum thyroxine were found to be normal in all the KS patients tested.The abnormal rise of hGH following LRH stimulation and of PRL following TRH stimulation suggests a disturbance in the neuroendocrine regulation mechanisms of these hormones in KS.
INFLUENCE OF SOMATOSTATIN ON PLASMA CYCLIC AMP AND METABOLIC SUBSTRATE RESPONSES TO I.V. ADRENALINE AND GLUCAGON IN HUMANS
Authors: MADSEN S. NISTRUP , CHRISTENSEN S. ENGKJÆR , HANSEN AA. PRANGE , THODE J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe influence of somatostatin (a bolus injection of 250 μg i.v. followed by 6 μg/min for 40 min) on the plasma cyclic AMP, insulin, glucose and non‐esteri‐fied fatty acid (NEFA) responses to i.v. adrenaline (0·07 μg/kg body‐weight/min for 20 min) and the plasma cyclic AMP, insulin and glucose responses to a bolus injection of i.v. glucagon (0·01 mg/kg BW) were studied in normal subjects.Somatostatin suppressed the insulin response to glucagon and inhibited the insulin rebound observed on termination of adrenaline infusion. The plasma glucose response to glucagon was exaggerated by somatostatin, reflecting insulin deficiency. Neither the plasma glucose nor plasma non‐esterified fatty acid responses to adrenaline were influenced by somatostatin.Adrenaline produced a three‐fold and glucagon a twenty‐fold rise in plasma cyclic AMP after 15 min. This was not influenced by concurrent somatostatin infusion, indicating that somatostatin is not a universal inhibitor of hormone stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. This is supported by the failure of somatostatin to inhibit the metabolic actions of glucagon and adrenaline thought to be mediated by cyclic AMP.
A CARBOXY‐TERMINAL SPECIFIC ASSAY FOR HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE
Authors: MANNING R. M. , ADAMI S. , PAPAPOULOS S. E. , GLEED J. H. , HENDY G. N. , ROSENBLATT M. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn homologous carboxy‐terminal specific immunoradiometric assay for human parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been developed which uses an antiserum raised in a goat against intact human PTH. This assay has been applied to the measurement of circulating PTH in man; the reference preparation was a 53–84 fragment prepared from native human parathyroid hormone. PTH was detectable in all the normal subjects studied (range 0·1–0·79 ng/ml) and elevated concentrations were found in a group of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (range 0·82–25·5 ng/ml). Carboxy‐terminal hormone concentrations were particularly raised in uraemic subjects (range 1–02–52–5 ng/ml) but some patients with vitamin D deficient osteomalacia had concentrations within the normal range (0·5–2·4 ng/ml). All patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism had elevated concentrations (range 1·0–2·8 ng/ml) and in patients with idiopathic or surgical hypoparathyroidism the concentration ranged from undetectable to 0·4 ng/ml. These results have been compared with those obtained using an amino‐terminal specific assay. In normal subjects carboxy‐terminal immuno‐reactive hormone concentrations were, on average, three times higher than those measured in the amino‐terminal assay (C:N ratio 3·28). In patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism this ratio was dependent on renal function and the plasma calcium concentration. The disappearance of endogenous carboxy‐and amino‐terminal PTH from the circulation of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism was studied. Amino‐terminal reactive PTH disappeared much more rapidly (t½= 1·5 min) than carboxy‐terminal hormone (t½= 2·75 h). It is hoped that the carboxy‐terminal specific assay described here will be of value in the further study of the secretion and metabolism of PTH.
EFFECT OF PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF RANITIDINE ON PITUITARY AND THYROID HORMONES, AND THEIR RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC HYPOTHALAMIC‐RELEASING FACTORS
Authors: PASQUALI R. , CORINALDESI R. , MIGLIOLI M. , MELCHIONDA N. , CAPELLI M. , BARBARA L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have studied, in a double blind controlled trial, 30 male patients with duodenal ulcer to evaluate the effect of prolonged oral administration of ranitidine (150 mg bd for 4 weeks), a new H2‐receptor antagonist, on basal PRL, LH, FSH and TSH concentrations, on their response to specific releasing hormones, and on basal and TRH‐stimulated levels of thyroid hormones. Neither the basal levels of PRL, FSH, LH and TSH, nor their response to stimulation with appropriate releasing hormone were affected by ranitidine. Basal concentrations of T4 and its levels after TRH stimulation at 40 min (but not at 20, 60 and 120 min) were lower after ranitidine treatment (P < 0·05); basal and stimulated T3 and rT3 were unaffected. These results could suggest a possible role of histamine in thyroxine regulation but further studies are required.
THE EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON INSULIN SECRETION AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY
Authors: FEEK C. M. , BEVAN J. S. , TAYLOR SUE , BROWN N. S. , BAIRD JOYCE D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe oral administration of bromocriptine 5 mg 6‐hourly to twelve patients with acromegaly for a mean period of 12 (range 3–27) months significantly reduced whole blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After this period of treatment, bromocriptine was withdrawn for 48 h resulting in a significant rise in whole blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma GH concentrations during a repeat OGTT. It is concluded that bromocriptine therapy improves glucose tolerance in acromegaly by suppressing GH secretion and consequently GH‐mediated antagonism of insulin.
EFFECT OF CIMETIDINE ON SERUM PROLACTIN IN NORMAL WOMEN AND PATIENTS WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA
Authors: CARLSON H. E. , CHANG R. J. , MEYER NANCY V. , LU K. H. , JUDD H. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn normal women, intravenous injection of the H2‐antihistamine, cimetidine, provoked a 3–4 fold rise in serum prolactin, without changes in serum growth hormone, thyrotrophin, or gonadotrophins. Hyperprolactinaemic patients with pituitary tumours, idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia or hypothalamic lesions demonstrated little or no rise in serum prolactin (expressed as a percentage increment) in response to cimetidine; these responses were significantly more blunted than the prolactin responses to intravenous TRH in the same subjects. Post‐partum women also demonstrated blunted percentage prolactin responses to cimetidine, although responses to TRH were, in most patients, normal. Dynamic testing of prolactin secretion with cimetidine is no more useful than TRH in distinguishing tumourous from non‐tumourous hyperprolactinaemia.
CIRCULATING PROSTANOID LEVELS, BOTH BASAL AND DURING THE CHLORPROPAMIDE ALCOHOL FLUSH, IN NON‐INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
Authors: BARNETT A. H. , KOULLAPIS E. N. , NICOLAIDES K. , PYKE D. A. , SPILIOPOULOS A. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCirculating basal levels of prostanoids were measured in non‐insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDs) who showed chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF), with and without diabetic complications, and in non‐diabetic controls. Prostanoids were also measured during CPAF in those diabetics in whom CPAF is or is not blocked by indomethacin and also in CPAF‐negative patients. There was no significant difference in circulating prostanoids between diabetics with and without severe vascular disease. The level of prostaglandin F, however, was significantly higher in the diabetic than in the non‐diabetic subjects (mean ± SEM PGFM 521 ± 23 v. 414 ± 18 pmol/l respectively P < 0·01). In the group in whom CPAF could be blocked by indomethacin there was a significant rise in thromboxane during CPAF when compared with basal values (mean ± SEM 905 ± 48 v. 688 ± 46 pmol/l respectively P < 0·01) which was abolished by prior administration of indomethacin. There was no significant rise in prostacyclin or PGF. The group in which CPAF could not be blocked by indomethacin and the CPAF negative group showed no rise in any of the prostanoids measured.These findings support the concept of at least two different groups of CPAF positive NIDDs, one in which prostanoids are involved in CPAF and one in which they are not. It is the group in which prostanoids are involved in CPAF who seem to be highly protected against vascular disease.
THE MEASUREMENT OF SERUM THYROGLOBULIN IN THE PRESENCE OF THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES
Authors: RATCLIFFE J. G. , AYOUB L. A. W. , PEARSON D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a significant proportion of patients with thyroid disorders, thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) invalidate double‐antibody radioimmunoassays (RIA) for thyroglobulin (Tg). A modified RIA procedure for determining serum Tg in the presence of TgAb, is described. Two measurements are made on each sample.

Ratio of immunoglobulin (Ig)‐bound thyroglobulin to free thyroglobulin (bound:free ratio). This is measured by the distribution of a trace quantity of 125I‐Tg between bound and free fractions.
Concentration of free, i.e. unbound thyroglobulin. This is measured in the supernatant after precipitation of IgG‐bound Tg.

Then, bound Tg = B:F x (free Tg) and total Tg = (bound Tg) + (free Tg). Critical factors examined in the validation of the modified method were: (1) use of immunologically intact 125I‐Tg (specific activity ± 5 mCi/mg); (2) equilibration of tracer Tg with endogenous serum Tg, and (3) clean separation of IgG‐bound and free fractions of Tg with goat anti‐human IgG. Recovery of added Tg in the presence of TgAb was 105% and interassay precision of total Tg assay was ≤ 9·3%. In euthyroid subjects without TgAb, the correlation between total Tg levels by the modified and standard double‐antibody method was 0·931. The correlation was much poorer in the presence of TgAb (r = 0·752) reflecting their interference in the standard method. Reference ranges for serum total Tg levels by the modified method in euthyroid, hyper‐and hypothyroid subjects with and without TgAb are detailed.
SPONTANEOUS HYPOTHYROIDISM IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS. A LONG‐TERM FOLLOW‐UP STUDY
Authors: GORDIN A. , LAMBERG B.‐A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA follow‐up study was performed on subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis in order to obtain information on the natural course of the disease. Seven out of the twenty‐two subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis became hypothyroid within 4–48 months of observation, whereas fifteen subjects were still euthyroid after an observation period of 26–102 months. The yearly incidence of hypothyroidism in symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis was 7–3%.The basal serum thyrotrophin (TSH) level as well as the response in serum TSH to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was initially elevated in all subjects who developed hypothyroidism. The annual incidence of hypothyroidism was 26% in the subjects with an initially elevated TSH level. Serum TSH was initially normal in all but one of the eleven subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis in whom it was measured, and who remained euthyroid. In this group the TRH response was initially slightly exaggerated in three out of ten subjects. It was not performed in five subjects. During the follow‐up, serum TSH and its response to TRH also became normal in these cases. An elevated basal serum TSH value is thus highly indicative of subsequent hypothyroidism, and these subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis should be carefully followed‐up.
PARATHYROID FUNCTION AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY: EVALUATION BY MEASUREMENT OF URINARY cAMP
Authors: SPIEGEL A. M. , MARX S. J. , BRENNAN M. F. , BROWN E. M. , DOWNS R. W. , GARDNER D. G. , ATTIE M. F. , AURBACH G. D. 
Published: March 2008

We measured urinary cyclic AMP (UcAMP) excretion after parathyroidectomy in order to assess postoperative parathyroid function. Patients undergoing successful treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism were divided into three groups based on therapy required to correct postoperative hypocalcaemia: 1 (n= 44) vitamin D not required; 2 (n= 17) vitamin D required temporarily (< 1 year); 3 (n= 10) vitamin D required permanently (> 1 year).Patients in group 1 experienced only brief (< 7 days) hypocalcaemia. UcAMP fell immediately postoperatively and returned to the normal range (in the majority) within 7 days. Group 2 showed the most severe hyperparathyroidism as judged by preoperative serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and UcAMP and eight of seventeen showed radiographic evidence of osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC). Patients in this group developed severe hypocalcaemia postoperatively, but in the majority UcAMP was elevated in proportion to the degree of hypocalcaemia and could be suppressed by raising serum calcium. Hypocalcaemia in these patients was presumably due to calcium entry into bone associated with healing of skeletal disease. Group 3 patients also developed severe postoperative hypocalcaemia but showed significantly lower UcAMP excretion than groups 1 or 2.We conclude that measurement of UcAMP excretion is helpful in the diagnosis and management of postparathyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. The combination of low UcAMP and hypocalcaemia more than 7 days after parathyroidectomy indicates hypoparathyroidism that will usually but not always require permanent therapy with vitamin D. Postoperative hypocalcaemia accompanied by increased UcAMP indicates that parathyroid gland function persists and that lifelong treatment with vitamin D will generally not be required.
THYROID STIMULATING ANTIBODIES (TSAb) IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES' DISEASE UNDERGOING ANTITHYROID DRUG TREATMENT: INDICATORS OF ACTIVITY OF DISEASE
Authors: KARLSSON F. A. , DAHLBERG P. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThyroid‐stimulating antibodies (TSAb) were studied in patients with Graves' disease using a method based on cAMP production in isolated human thyroid membranes. Stimulation was detected in forty‐one (82%) of fifty patients with untreated Graves' disease. In these subjects, the TSAb levels were correlated with the thyroid hormone levels. Among twenty patients treated for 1–2 months with carbimazole, 16 (80%) had positive TSAb. During prolonged treatment TSAb gradually diminished and finally normalized. In fifteen patients, it was possible to compare TSAb levels after cessation of previous medical therapy with TSAb levels at relapse. In nine of these patients, an increase of the TSAb level within the normal range at the time of relapse was found, in four the litres were positive.The results indicate that positive TSAb litres are markers of active Graves' disease and suggest that in such patients antithyroid therapy should be continued. A normal TSAb titre after anti‐thyroid therapy does not exclude the possibility of relapse.