bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involution of spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia in the dog under the influence of chronic treatment with a LHRH agonist
Authors: Dubé J. Y. , Frenette G. , Tremblay R. R. , Tremblay Y. , Bélanger A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight dogs with spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 25 μg of Buserelin, (D‐Ser(TBU)6, des‐Gly‐NH210)ethylamide during 3 months. Prostate weight before treatment was estimated by tridimensional measurements during open surgery. After 3 months of treatment, prostate weight was decreased by 50–60%. In two castrated control animals, prostate weight decreased about 70% after 3 months. Histological pattern in prostates from castrated or Buserelin‐treated animals was similar and indicated considerable atrophy of glandular epithelium and predominance of stroma. At the same time, testes weight decreased with complete disappearance of spermatogenic activity. Acid phosphatase and arginine esterase activity levels, two markers of androgenic action in the prostate, were similar after Buserelin or castration. Steroid receptors for androgens, estrogens, and progesterone also behaved similarly under the influence of Buserelin and castration.
Antigrowth effect of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on the dunning R 3327‐G prostatic tumor
Authors: Herr Harry W. , Kleinert Edward L. 
Published: February 2007

Abstractα‐Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal‐bis‐guanylhydrazone (MGBG), when administered simultaneously, inhibited growth and were highly toxic to the Dunning R 3327‐G hormone‐resistant prostatic adenocarcinoma transplanted into Copenhagen rats. Neither DFMO (2%) nor MGBG at a nontoxic dose (15 mg/kg) inhibited tumor growth, but total (47% early cure rate) or near total suppression of growth of established tumors was observed in rats receiving both treatments.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma PC EW, a new human tumor line transplantable in nude mice
Authors: Hoehn W. , Wagner M. , Riemann J. F. , Hermanek P. , Williams E. , Walther R. , Schrueffer R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA serially transplantable human prostatic carcinoma line, PC EW, has been developed through heterotransplantation of tumor tissue from a lymph node metastasis. PC EW is androgen dependent and is similar to the original tumor in terms of histological pattern, amounts of prostatic acid phosphatase secreted, and absence of a hormonally independent subline. This line is thus similar to PC 82, and we herein report the first results of comparative treatment trials conducted on PC EW.
Transrectal ultrasonotomography of the canine prostate
Authors: Miyashita Hiroaki , Watanabe Hiroki , Ohe Hiroshi , Saitoh Masahito , Oogama Yasuhiro , Iijima Syohgo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe developed a new scanner for transrectal ultrasonotomography of the canine prostate. Using this scanner, a clear horizontal tomogram of the canine prostate was obtained for cross sections at every 2 mm. Prostatic volume was estimated as the sum of the volume of each section. Accordingly, the weight of the canine prostate could be accurately calculated from the volume and the specific gravity of the prostate.
Clinical applications and value of receptor levels in treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Connolly J. G. , Mobbs B. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFactors affecting the validity and interpretation of androgen receptor (AR) assays on prostatic carcinoma tissue are discussed, and attempts to relate AR concentration with response of the patient to hormonal manipulation are reviewed. It is concluded that nuclear AR content may be useful in evaluating prognosis and likely response to hormonal therapy, and that, owing to the heterogeneity of many prostatic carcinoma specimens, a reliable histochemical method for the assessment of androgen sensitivity would be a valuable supplement to the biochemical assay.
Single case report of prostate adenocarcinoma in a dog castrated three months previously. Morphological, biochemical, and endocrine determinations
Authors: Dubé J. Y. , Frenette G. , Tremblay Y. , Bélanger A. , Tremblay R. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the course of another investigation, three dogs had been castrated 3 months previously. Upon completion of the experiment, it was discovered that one dog presented a spontaneous prostatic adenocarcinoma of intraalveolar proliferative type at histology. Prostate weight of this dog before castration was estimated to be 22 g by tridimensional measurement at laparotomy and remained relatively constant (19 g) 3 months after castration. These results indicate that if regression had occurred in some cell populations (androgen‐dependent) it was only partial and masked by growth of androgen‐independent cells. Analysis of 12 individual steroids in peripheral blood and in prostatic tissue attested of a normal adrenal secretory activity. A series of 15 hydrolytic enzymes along with receptors for androgen, estrogen, and progesterone, were determined in prostatic tissue obtained at sacrifice. Enzymatic activities were those of typical epithelial cells, and most of them remained relatively high despite low levels of circulating testosterone. However, two markers of androgen action in dog prostate, acid phosphatase and arginine esterase, were significantly reduced. Receptor levels were similar to those of castrated animals. Thus, cancer cells had probably retained some androgen sensitivity.
Hormonal effects on zinc concentration and morphology of rat lateral prostate gland
Authors: Itaya Patricia W. , Thompson Sue Ann , Heidger Paul M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHypophysectomized rats were injected with prolactin and/or testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin and/or follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). Tissue from the lateral prostate was processed for spectrophotometric determination of zinc and for electron microscopy. Changes in zinc concentration, epithelial height, and morphological characteristics were used to assess the effect of hormonal replacement on functional activity. Although testosterone administration resulted in full restoration of all parameters, there was no evidence of a synergistic effect of prolactin and testosterone. Prolactin alone decreased the zinc concentration and increased the epithelial height compared with control animals, and there was evidence of epithelial hyperplasia. Luteinizing hormone, alone or combined with prolactin or prolactin and FSH, resulted in a marked increase of epithelial height and restoration of morphological features found in intact animals; however, only a slight increase of zinc concentration over control values was elicited. Combined LH and FSH administration reduced epithelial height and zinc concentration compared with the other LH regimes, and there was evidence of cellular degeneration.
The prostate of the gorilla
Authors: Jacobs Stephen C. , Beehler Bruce A. , Boese Gilbert , Story Michael T. , Clowry Lawrence J. , Lawson Russell K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prostate gland from a 32‐year‐old gorilla was examined. The prostate weighed 15 g and was composed primarily of dilated cystic acinar areas with only modest stromal thickening. The acini were lined by a low cuboidal epithelium. A second minor population of smaller glands with extensive papillary projections was also present. The epithelial cells stained densely for acid phosphatase and prostatic‐specific antigen. Human prostatic acid phosphatase content of the gland as determined by radioimmunoassay was 2.3 mg/g protein. This is the first published histologic description of a gorilla prostate. The animal was in late middle age but did not display predominant prostatic stromal hyperplasia. Prostatic acid phosphatase from the gorilla cross‐reacts immunologically, or is identical to human prostatic acid phosphatase.
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) activates the adenylyl cyclase of nonsecretory cells in the rat ventral prostate
Authors: Purvis Kenneth , Brekke Inger , Attramadal Arne , Gordeladze Jan O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic secretory and basal or stem cells were isolated from rat ventral prostate lobes by collagenase dispersion and density centrifugation in a Percoll gradient. The membrane‐bound adenylyl cyclase of secretory cells could be activated in a dose‐dependent manner by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP ED50 10−7M) but not thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH). Conversely, only TRH could significantly stimulate the adenylyl cyclase in basal cell membranes (ED50 5 × 10−7). In two separate studies enzyme activity was stimulated seven‐ and 13‐fold by this peptide. This action of TRH on prostatic basal cells supports previous reports that high levels of immunologically active TRH have been found in prostate tissue and that TRH stimulates the growth of prostatic cancer cells in vitro.
Characteristics of the inhibitory effect of chronic treatment with an LHRH agonist on testicular steroidogenesis in the dog
Authors: Tremblay Yves , Bélanger Alain , Labrie Fernand , Frenette Gilles , Dubé Jean Y. , Tremblay Roland R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDaily subcutaneous administration for 3 months of the potent LHRH agonist (D‐Ser(TBU)6, des‐Gly‐NH210) LHRH ethylamide (25 μg) to adult dogs having spontaneous benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) causes a marked inhibition of testicular androstenedione and testosterone secretion. This inhibition of Δ4‐androgen secretion is accompanied by a decrease of testicular progestin precursors and 5α‐androgen metabolites, thus suggesting that, in dog, the loss of testicular steroidogenic activity, induced by the administration of an LHRH agonist, is due to a total inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis. In plasma, the concentration of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone is also markedly depressed while androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol levels remain unchanged. Measurement of prostatic steroid content has shown that administration of the LHRH agonist as well as castration is associated with a marked decrease in androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone levels in prostate while there is a small inhibition of androst‐5‐ene‐3β,17β‐diol, androstane‐3β,17β‐diol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estrone concentrations in this tissue. The present data show that treatment with an LHRH agonist in the dog causes a marked inhibition of testicular steroid secretion similar to the one observed in adult men, and suggest that steroids from adrenal origin may also be involved in prostatic function.
Grading of prostatic cancer (I): An analysis of the prognostic significance of single characteristics
Authors: Schroeder Fritz H. , Blom Jan H. M. , Hop Wim C. J. , Mostofi F. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper contains the first part of an attempt to quantitate the impact on prognosis of various parameters used in grading of prostatic cancer. Out of 346 patients of Elmer Belts series, 113 were identified whose tumors showed homogeneity with respect to single characteristics of a total of 12 parameters applied for grading in Mostofi's system. By this procedure it was possible to eliminate the possible influence on prognosis of the presence of several tumor formations within the same tumor. By using overall and intercurrent death corrected survival as end points, the impact of each of the 12 parameters on prognosis was studied. Only the architecture of the tumor (the parameter “glands”), variation in size and shape of the nucleus (anaplasia), and grade significantly influenced overall survival. In addition, corrected survival was significantly dependent on the amount of tumor seen and on the presence of mitoses.Subsequently, an attempt was made to replace “grade” by single parameters which had been shown previously to be of prognostic significance. It turned out that this was not possible. Grade is largely dependent on architecture and nuclear pleomorphism, but neither one of these parameters alone can reproduce “grade.” Multivariate analysis was next used to further determine the prognostic weight of the individual parameter, and, if possible, to construct a new, more efficient grading system. These results will be reported separately [8]. It is unknown at the present time what the impact of several architectural formations within the same tumor on prognosis may be. The number of different formations found ranges from 1 to 4 in this material; 668 different formations belonging to 346 tumors were graded. The results of this analysis will be reported in part two of this series of papers [7].
The effect of prolactin on human BPH epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Syms A. J. , Harper M. E. , Griffiths K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpithelial cell monolayers derived from specimens of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue by an explant culture technique were cultured with prolactin in the presence and absence of androgens. Proliferation of the cells was measured by both autoradiographic assessment of [3H]‐thymidine uptake and stathmokinetic procedures. Prolactin significantly stimulated the growth of these cells in the concentration range 0.5 mIU/ml to 10 mIU/ml but was inhibitory at a concentration of 100 mIU/ml. In the presence of testosterone (1 × 10−7 M), prolactin at low concentrations (> 1 mIU/ml) but not at 10 mIU/ml, the concentration at which all other experiments were performed, produced a further stimulation in the proliferation. The increase in growth seen with cells cultured with 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (1 × 10−7 M) was reduced with addition of prolactin at high concentrations (10–100 mlU). When the fetal calf serum used in the cultures was stripped of endogenous steroids, prolactin still increased cell proliferation, although to a reduced extent. This indicated that the effects of prolactin were not dependent on the presence of androgens.
Binding characteristics of inhibin in rat ventral prostate
Authors: Vanage G. R. , Phadke M. A. , Sheth A. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHomogeneous preparation of human seminal plasma inhibin (molecular weight 13,500) was iodinated with 125I to a specific activity of about 40–45 μCi/μg and tested for binding to a rat prostate crude membrane preparation. The binding of inhibin was a saturable process as well as time and temperature dependent. This binding was displaceable in a dose‐dependent manner by unlabelled inhibin. Other hormones such as LH, FSH, Prl, and TSH from rat or human origin did not influence the binding of labelled inhibin to rat prostate membrane. Of various age groups of rats studied, the maximum binding was observed in 75‐day‐old rats. The radiolabelled inhibin also showed specific binding to rat pituitary. The preliminary studies regarding involvement of steroids in the control of inhibin receptors in prostate and pituitary indicated that testosterone activates the inhibin receptors at the prostatic level whereas estradiol did not have any effect. However, estradiol increases the pituitary receptors for inhibin as compared to testosterone.
Antiprostate carcinoma monoclonal antibody (D83.21) cross reacts with a membrane antigen expressed on cytomegalovirus‐transformed human fibroblasts
Authors: Campbell Ann E. , Beckett Mary L. , Starling James J. , Sieg Susan M. , Wright George L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVirological and epidemiological studies have implicated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a possible etiological agent of prostate cancer. Because of the suspected associations, this laboratory tested the reactivity of a prostate‐associated monoclonal antibody with HCMV‐transformed cells. This mouse monoclonal antibody, D83.21, reacts with a membrane antigen on prostate and bladder tumor cells and does not bind to a variety of other malignant or normal cells. The results of this study indicated that the prostate‐associated antibody bound to a membrane antigen on HCMV‐transformed cells as detected by radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence, and complemented‐dependent cytotoxicity. This cross‐reactivity appeared to be specific for HCMV‐transformed cells and did not react with HCMV‐infected cells or those transformed by other viruses. Antibody affinity chromatography, used to isolate the D83.21‐reactive protein, revealed two peptides of 60 and 28 kd on both prostate tumor and HCMV‐transformed cells. The results suggest that D83.21 reacts with a common cell surface protein expressed on HCMV‐transformed cells and urogenital tumors.
Dimethylsulfoxide‐induced changes in a rat prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wenger Allen S. , Hall Margot , Mickey George H. , Silverman Lawrence , Fried Floyd A. , Mickey Don D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA variety of agents can induce mammalian tumor cell lines to acquire characteristics of the normal cell counterpart. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has been an effective differentiating agent in many tumor cell lines. In the present study a Dunning rat prostate tumor subline, MAT LyLu, available as an in vitro continuous cell culture was treated with 2.25% DMSO (vol/vol).Treated MAT LyLu cells had a decreased growth rate, saturation density, and clonogenicity, an increased doubling time, and alterations in enzyme activity and tumorigenicity when compared to untreated MAT LyLu cells. The cell viability of treated cells at the saturation density was greater than 90%.MAT LyLu cells treated with DMSO and then removed from DMSO (posttreated) when compared to untreated cells had similar growth rates, doubling times, clonogenicities, enzyme activities, and tumorigenicities. Posttreated MAT LyLu cells had a different growth pattern than untreated MAT LyLu cells. Posttreated cell viability at saturation density was greater than 90%.This investigation demonstrated that a rat prostate adenocarcinoma grown in medium containing 2.25% DMSO acquired characteristics consistent with differentiated prostate cells. Posttreated MAT LyLu cells were similar in many characteristics to untreated cells but were not identical. The alterations noted were not cytotoxic and were not completely reversible. The results of this study correlated with the observations of other investigators who have studied mammalian tumor cell lines exposed to DMSO.
Effect of estrogen and androgen administration on α‐difluoro‐methylornithine‐enhanced putrescine uptake by the rat prostate
Authors: Kadmon D. , Mahle C. , Heston W. D. W. , Hahn D. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiolabeled putrescine is a potential imaging agent for carcinoma of the prostate. The intrinsically high uptake of putrescine into the rat prostate and prostatic carcinoma can be further stimulated by pretreatment of the animals with α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) uptake, a polyamine synthesis inhibitor. Pharmacological castration of the animals followed by androgen stimulation and DFMO pretreatment achieved a 30:1 prostate/muscle ratio of 14C‐putrescine uptake in elderly rats.
Prostate cancer in a Sprague‐Dawley rat
Authors: Pollard Morris , Luckert Phyllis H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland developed in one rat of the Lobund Sprague‐Dawley (S‐D) strain, following treatments with testosterone propionate in silastic membranes. The transplanted cells (PA‐SD1) developed local tumors, metastasized through lymphatic channels to the lungs, and induced osteolytic lesions when deposited adjacent to the calvarium. In vitro‐propagated PA‐SD1 cells produced the same tumor type in Lobund strain S‐D rats as that from which it was derived.
Grading of prostatic cancer: II. The prognostic significance of the presence of multiple architectural patterns
Authors: Schroeder Fritz H. , Blom Jan H. M. , Hop Wim C. J. , Mostofi F. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis second report in a series of three deals with the prognostic importance of the presence of multiple, histologically identifiable architectural patterns in prostatic carcinomas. In the previous paper three of 12 parameters studied were identified as being prognostically significant in patients with single architectural patterns (formations) present in their tumors. The three parameters are nuclear anaplasia, architecture (“glands”), and mitoses, if present. The questions of whether “the worst part of a tumor determines prognosis” or “the presence of differentiated formations improves prognosis” are investigated by applying these parameters to patients with multiple tumor formations. Overall and corrected survival served as parameters.It was shown that the parameters shown to be of importance for prognosis in tumors with single formations also have significant influence in patients with multiple formations. The worst formation determines prognosis, but patients with poorly differentiated tumors do significantly worse if their tumor is homogeneous. The presence of better‐differentiated formations improves the prognosis of the worst formation. The observations made are discussed in view of the histopathogenesis of prostatic cancer.
Effects of long‐term administration of tamoxifen on steroid metabolism in prostatic carcinoma patients
Authors: Bolton Nicholas J. , Vihko Pirkko , Leinonen Pekka , Kontturi Matti , Vihko Reijo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma were treated with tamoxifen (2 × 20 mg daily) for up to 3 months before orchiectomy. Blood samples for gonadotropin, sex steroid, and prostate‐specific acid phosphatase (PAP) determinations were taken before tamoxifen treatment, daily for 1 week, and at monthly intervals. Steroid concentrations in the testis tissue and spermatic vein blood were assayed from samples taken at orchiectomy. No consistent changes were observed during tamoxifen treatment, although there was a transient drop in the mean concentrations of LH on days 3 and 4 of treatment. The circulating concentrations of estradiol tended to be increased at 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment. The spermatic vein concentrations of testosterone and its precursors tended to be higher than those in nontreated prostatic carcinoma patients previously reported from this laboratory, indicating slight stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis. There were no changes in circulating levels of PAP and no improvement in clinical condition, indicating that long‐term tamoxifen administration is not effective in the treatment of prostate carcinoma.
On the role of aging in cancer incidence: An interpretation of the prostate cancer anomaly with implications for routine screening
Authors: Cohen Patricia , Dix Douglas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCross‐sectional age‐incidence patterns for the common male and female cancers in Connecticut were normalized to describe the percentage of total incidence that occurred at each age. The pattern for prostate cancer was atypical—less than the 99% confidence limit from the mean at ages less than 60 and greater than the 99% confidence limit from the mean at ages greater than 75. The available international data on latent carcinoma of the prostate, when normalized as above, resembled the mean male and female cancer patterns in Connecticut and suggested that the atypical behavior of clinical prostate cancer was the result of a lag between the incidence of latent carcinoma and promotion to clinical disease. Confirmation of this suggestion, with the potential to distinguish epidemiologically those latent carcinomas that remain asymptomatic from those that progress to malignancy, awaits routine screening for the latent carcinoma.