bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Steel Slag Aggregate for Road Bases
Authors: Aiban SA 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Industrial wastes and byproducts have to be disposed off properly so that their environmental impacts are minimized. Alternatively, some of these materials can be utilized in recycling processes, manufacturing of new products, or as construction materials. This paper presents an effective way of utilizing the steel slag aggregate (SSA), which is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing process, in road construction. A comprehensive study was conducted to characterize SSA and determine the potential for its use in road bases. Testing results indicated that SSA is an environmentally safe product and has physical and chemical properties that make it an excellent candidate for road base construction. Laboratory and field data have shown the superior performance of SSA over the locally available calcareous sediments. The resulting California Bearing Ratio values are doubled and the water sensitivity is much less when using SSA instead of the local calcareous material.
On the Anomaly of Cumulative Erosion and Abrasion-Time Curves
Authors: Meged Y 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Erosion and abrasion-time curves of laboratory tests are of various forms. Most of these curves have a typical form, and are considered to be representative of erosion and abrasion phenomena. Other curves are considered anomalous; however, no definite explanations are offered for these irregularities. Analysis of the anomalous curves enables detection of the causes for these anomalies. The main causes detected for curve shape variation are: faulty test equipment, improper test procedure, variation in test specimen structure and properties, and wrong evaluation of test results.
Experimental Determination of Fatigue Crack Closure in 316 (N) Weld Using a Global CMOD Method
Authors: Johan Singh P , Mannan SL 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe crack closure phenomenon is important in order to assess the fatigue crack growth. Hence, the accurate measurement of the opening load of the crack is essential for the determination of the effective stress intensity factor range (ΔKeff). The crack opening or closing point is commonly measured from load-displacement or load-differential displacement records. In spite of much effort devoted to the measurement and interpretation of closure, there seems to be no accurate method for evaluating the crack closure loads. This paper describes a “global crack mouth opening displacement” (GCMOD) method for the measurement of crack opening load on CT specimens. The crack opening load was determined from the change in the slope of the load versus displacement curve and is used to characterize closure loads in 316 (N) austenitic stainless steel weld at different a/W ratios during fatigue testing. A good correlation was obtained for ΔKeff/ΔK=−0.265 (a/W)+0.590 (for R=0.1) in the range 0.35 ≤a/W≤0.55. The loading-unloading hysteresis is clearly observed. Experimental results indicate that the closure load is almost independent of the crack lengths.
Application of 3D Laser Scanning on Measuring Pavement Roughness
Authors: Chang J-R , Chang K-T , Chen D-H 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
This study evaluates the use of 3D laser scanning technology to measure pavement roughness. Three 100 m test sections, ranging from smooth to very rough (with apparent cracks, areas of distress, and manholes) were selected to investigate the capability of the 3D laser scanning technology. Rod and level surveys were conducted to establish the reference profile for each test section. In addition, Multiple Laser Profiler (MLP) was employed to measure the multiple paths of each test section. Results from multiple paths of 3D laser scanning were compared with those from MLP and rod and level surveys. The 100 m reference profiles indicate similar results between the 3D laser scanning and rod and level survey. With 95% confidence, the statistical paired-samples T-test indicates that there is no significant variation between the results from rod and level surveys and 3D laser scanning. The data include IRI from 2.83 to 13.15 m/km such that they represent a wide spectrum of pavement conditions. The coefficient of correlation (R2) between the MLP and 3D laser scanning from 20 longitudinal profiles is 0.99. The 3D laser scanning is a static method and thus the data do not have to be filtered and therefore there is no associated cut-off wavelength problem. Based on the results gathered, the 3D laser scanner is able to collect reliable profile data and has high potential to be used as a QC/QA tool for construction acceptance. Through 3D laser scanning technology, pavement engineers are able to visualize the pavement roughness covering the entire pavement width in unprecedented detail that consists of extremely rich and accurate point-cloud data.
Survival of Postlarval Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Two Temperatures
Authors: Ortega-Salas A A , Arana-Magallón F C 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Postlarvae of the giant Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were reared for a 120-d period under laboratory conditions at 20°C and 33°C to calculate survival. Ninety-six 50-d-old postlarvae were stocked in eight 70-L aquaria. A balanced commercial feed containing 40% protein was supplied daily at 20% to 9% of body weight during the first 2 months and at 5% to 3% of body weight during the final 2 months. Live brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were also provided as a supplemental food (10 organisms/L). Survival was 81% at 33°C and 67% at 20°C. The difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001) throughout the study period. Basic knowledge of rearing requirements under artificial conditions will be important for the production of juveniles as stock for large-scale prawn culture.
Effects of Smallmouth Buffalo and Potassium Permanganate Treatment on Plankton and Pond Water Quality
Authors: Mischke Charles C , Wise David J , Steeby James A , Zimba Paul V 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
There is recent interest in using smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus and treatment with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to control Dero digitata, the aquatic oligochaete host involved in the life cycle of proliferative gill disease. To complement those investigations, we determined the changes in water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton resulting from KMnO4 treatment and stocking of smallmouth buffalo into nursery ponds for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus; we did not evaluate the attendant control effectiveness on Dero spp. Stocking buffalo at a rate of 75/ha in nursery ponds did not cause changes in water quality, nutrients, or zooplankton concentrations. Ponds treated with KMnO4 (applied at 57 g/ha when partially filled to about 30 cm deep) contained higher total dissolved solids (230 mg/L) than untreated ponds (204 mg/L). Phytoplankton and zooplankton concentrations in the KMnO4 ponds increased 2−5 weeks after application compared with the control ponds. The observed changes in KMnO4 ponds may be related to nutrient regeneration through oxidation by KMnO4 or may indicate that potassium is a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in these ponds. The increase in green algae, diatoms, and copepods would be beneficial to catfish fry culture because these algae blooms are desirable over cyanobacteria blooms and copepods are a preferred food resource of catfish fry.
Use of Cottonseed Meal in Aquatic Animal Diets: A Review
Authors: Li Menghe H , Robinson Edwin H 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Cottonseed meal is a plant protein source that is abundant in most parts of the world, relatively high in protein, and generally less expensive per unit of protein than soybean meal. It is highly palatable and readily digested by most aquatic animals, though generally not as digestible as soybean meal. Its use in aquaculture feeds may be limited because of the potential toxic effects of free gossypol and its relatively low available lysine and methionine content. However, depending on economics, the protein quality of cottonseed meal can be improved by supplementing it with lysine or both lysine and methionine. Also, the concentrations of free gossypol in diets containing significant levels of cottonseed meal are typically below the levels that are detrimental to many aquatic animals. However, even as a partial replacement of soybean meal, cottonseed meal has generally been used at relatively low levels in aquatic animal diets, partially because the safe levels of cottonseed meal appear to differ for various fish and crustaceans. Although some cultured aquatic species can tolerate relatively high dietary levels of cottonseed meal, its use will probably continue to be limited to about 10–15% of their diets. Although this is largely related to the higher nutritive value of soybean meal, it is, to a lesser degree, because of the variation of free gossypol levels in various sources of the meal and the potential toxic effects of gossypol on certain aquatic animals. However, when market conditions are favorable, the use of cottonseed meal will increase because some aquatic animals are largely unaffected by free gossypol, and for them cottonseed meal can lower rearing costs.
Un-ionized Ammonia Exposure in Nile Tilapia: Toxicity, Stress Response, and Susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Evans Joyce J , Pasnik David J , Brill Gregg C , Klesius Phillip H 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity, behavior, blood glucose stress response, and disease susceptibility in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following un-ionized ammonia (UIA) exposure. The acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to Nile tilapia was measured in a 96-h static test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 1.46 mg/L UIA at 24 and 48 h postexposure, 1.33 mg/L at 72 h postexposure, and 0.98 mg/L at 96 h postexposure. No mortalities were noted in unexposed (0 mg/L) control fish or fish exposed to 0.5 mg/L UIA. However, 93–100% mortalities were observed within 24 h among fish exposed to 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg/L UIA. In additional UIA exposure experiments, Nile tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.32–0.37 mg/L UIA) for 24 h and then administered an intraperitoneal injection with 750 colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus agalactiae per fish. Mortalities of UIA-exposed and control fish were not significantly different 21 d postchallenge. Blood glucose levels were not significantly different between exposed and control fish 24 h after the beginning of UIA exposure or between preexposure fish and 24-h postexposure fish. Glucose levels in both groups increased significantly after UIA exposure and subsequent bacterial challenge, suggesting that Nile tilapia experienced handling or infection stress and not necessarily UIA exposure stress alone. During a time course study with 24-h UIA exposure, sequential blood glucose samples indicated acute stress responses 1–4 h postexposure that decreased by 24 h postexposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to increased UIA concentrations alone had acute, transient effects on stress responses in Nile tilapia and that 24-h exposure to sublethal UIA concentrations up to 0.37 mg/L did not increase susceptibility to S. agalactiae.
Strengthening the Prevention of Periodontal Disease: The WHO Approach
Authors: Petersen Poul Erik , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2005

Background: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the burden of periodontal disease in adult populations worldwide, to emphasize the essential risk factors common to periodontal disease and chronic diseases, to outline important new strategies for effective prevention of periodontal disease, and to inform about the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in developing a national capacity for the prevention of disease.Methods: Information about periodontal health status as measured by the Community Periodontal Index system is stored in the WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank. Updated information concerning WHO standard age groups was used to describe the prevalence rates of signs of periodontal disease, i.e., gingival bleeding, periodontal pocketing, and loss of attachment.Results: Gingival bleeding is highly prevalent among adult populations in all regions of the world; advanced disease with deep periodontal pockets (≥6 mm) affects ∼10% to 15% of adults worldwide. The available evidence shows that important risk factors for periodontal disease relate to poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and diabetes mellitus. Integrated preventive strategies based on the common risk factors approach are recommended for public health practice.Conclusions: The vast majority of countries need to establish a surveillance system for measuring progress in the control of periodontal disease and promotion of oral health. WHO has designed approaches for the integration of oral disease prevention within the prevention of non‐communicable chronic diseases, and global strategies are currently being implemented in all regions of the world.
Identification of the Difference in Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts Versus Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Gingival Fibroblasts Using cDNA Microarray Analysis
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Balci Banu , Hakki Erdogan E. , Yilmaz Engin , Nohutcu Rahime M. 
Published: December 2005

Background: A difference from the normal range in collagen profile and perivascular hyaline deposition in the dermis and gingiva has been demonstrated histopathologically in juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF), which is an autosomal recessive disease. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of gingival overgrowth in JHF, and to observe differences in the expression of genes regulating extracellular matrix organization.Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts (GF) were obtained from individuals who have clinically healthy gingival tissue. JHF‐GF were obtained from a patient who underwent a gingivectomy. Cultured fibroblast cells were examined visually using a phase contrast microscope. Total RNA from both cell types was isolated, and after biotin‐deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) labeling of cDNA, hybridization was performed with a pathway‐specific gene expression profiling array membrane. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecule (AM) mRNA expressions in GF and JHF‐GF were analyzed, and microarray data on genes modulating ECM remodeling were confirmed with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: Cell morphology differences were observed between fibroblast types. Although type I collagen gene expression levels were almost the same, decreased type IV collagen expression was noted in JHF‐GF versus GF. Decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and increased tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) transcripts were noted in JHF‐GF versus GF. Increased fibronectin and decreased laminin mRNA expression were observed in JHF‐GF when compared to GF. The present findings suggest that GF and JHF‐GF differ not only morphologically but also in the expression level of ECM and AM genes involving connective tissue turnover and remodeling.Conclusions: Results from these analyses may be helpful to clarify the nature of overgrowth mechanisms, especially regarding enzymes and their inhibitors. This information is important in understanding the remodeling of ECM. The gingival overgrowth that is observed in JHF patients may be explained by a decreased level of MMPs and increased blockage of MMPs with TIMPs.
Cytokine Profiles in Peripheral Blood and Whole Blood Cell Cultures Associated With Aggressive Periodontitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Havemose‐Poulsen Anne , Sørensen Lars Korsbæk , Stoltze Kaj , Bendtzen Klaus , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: December 2005

Background: Cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. An obvious question is whether patients with aggressive periodontitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis share blood cytokine profiles distinguishing them from individuals free of disease.Methods: The study population consisted of Danish white adults, <35 years of age, diagnosed with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP; N = 18), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP; N = 27), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA; N = 10), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA; N = 23) and healthy individuals with no systemic or oral diseases (control [CTRL]; N = 25). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and lymphotoxin (LT)‐α in peripheral blood (plasma) and unstimulated and stimulated whole blood cell cultures from the same blood collection. Autoantibodies (aAb) to IL‐1α and IL‐6 were quantitated by radioimmunoassay.Results: Similar patterns of slightly higher IL‐10 levels in plasma were found for GAgP and RA patients and in unstimulated cultures for GAgP, RA, and JIA patients. Interestingly, unstimulated cultures also demonstrated similar patterns of higher TNF‐α levels for these three groups of patients. Similar group patterns of periodontitis patients (LAgP and GAgP) included increased IL‐1Ra levels in stimulated cultures, which also showed similar group patterns of arthritis patients (JIA and RA) with respect to higher IL‐1α and lower LT‐α levels. Low titers of aAb to IL‐1α and IL‐6 were found in almost all individuals.Conclusion: Patients with aggressive periodontitis and types of arthritis presented with similar components of blood cytokine profiles distinguishing them from individuals free of disease.
Effect of transforming growth factor β1 on chondrogenic differentiation of cultured equine mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Worster Allison A. , Nixon Alan J. , Brower-Toland Brent D. , Williams Janice 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the morphologic and phenotypic effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on cultured equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and articular chondrocytes.Sample Population—Bone marrow aspirates and articular cartilage samples from a 2-year-old and two 8- month-old horses.Procedure—After initial isolation and culture, MSC and chondrocytes were cultured in Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with TGF-β1 at a concentration of 0, 1, 5, or 10 ng/ml. Medium was exchanged on day 2, and cells were harvested on day 4. Medium was assayed for proteoglycan (PG) content. Total RNA was isolated from cell cultures, and expression of aggrecan, decrin, collagen type-I, and collagen type-II mRNA was assessed by means of Northern blot analyses. Cell cultures were stained with H&E or toluidine blue and examined histologically. Additional cultures were examined after immunohistochemical staining for type-I and -II collagen.Results—MSC cultures exposed to TGF-β1 had an increased cellular density with cell layering and nodule formation that was most pronounced in cultures treated with 5 ng of TGF-β1/ml. Expression of collagen type-II mRNA in MSC cultures exposed to 5 ng of TGF- β1/ml was 1.7 times expression in control cultures, and expression of collagen type-I mRNA was 2.8 times expression in control cultures. Treatment of MSC with TGF-β1 led to dose-related increases in area and intensity of type-II collagen immunoreaction.Conclusion—Results suggest that TGF-β1 enhances chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSC in a dose-dependent manner. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1003–1010)
Effects of prior feeding on pharmacokinetics and estimated bioavailability after oral administration of a single dose of microencapsulated erythromycin base in healthy foals
Authors: Lakritz Jeffrey , Wilson W. David , Marsh Antoinette E. , Mihalyi Judy E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of prior feeding on pharmacokinetics and estimated bioavailability of orally administered microencapsulated erythromycin base (MEB) in healthy foals.Animals—6 healthy foals, 3 to 5 months old.Procedure—Foals were given 2 doses of MEB (25 mg/kg of body weight, PO). One dose was administered after food was withheld overnight, and the other was administered after foals had consumed hay. The study used a crossover design with a 2-week period between doses. Blood was collected via a jugular vein prior to and at specific times after drug administration. Concentrations of erythromycin A and anhydroerythromycin A in plasma were determined, using highperformance liquid chromatography. Results pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration-time data for food-withheld and fed conditions were compared.Results—Plasma concentrations of erythromycin A for foals were lower after feeding than concentrations when food was withheld. Area under the plasma concentration- time curve, maximum plasma concentration, and estimated bioavailability were greater in foals when food was withheld than when foals were fed. Anhydroerythromycin A was detected in plasma after administration of MEB in all foals.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Foals should be given MEB before they are fed hay. Administration of MEB to foals from which food was withheld overnight apparently provides plasma concentrations of erythromycin A that exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration ofRhodococcus equifor approximately 5 hours. The dosage of 25 mg/kg every 8 hours, PO, appears appropriate. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1011–1015)
Antibody titers against bovine coronavirus and shedding of the virus via the respiratory tract in feedlot cattle
Authors: Lathrop Sarah L. , Wittum Thomas E. , Loerch Steven C. , Perino Louis J. , Saif Linda J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe patterns of seroconversion to bovine coronavirus (BCV) and shedding of BCV from the respiratory tract in feedlot cattle.Animals—1,074 calves in feedlots in Ohio, Texas, and Nebraska.Procedure—Nasal swab specimens were obtained at time of arrival (day 0) and at various times during the initial 28 days after arrival at feedlots. Specimens were tested for BCV, using an antigen-capture ELISA. Serum samples were obtained at time of arrival and again 28 days after arrival; sera were analyzed for antibodies to BCV, using an antibody-detection ELISA.Results—Samples from 12 groups of cattle entering 7 feedlots during a 3-year period revealed that 78 of 1,074 (7.3%) cattle were shedding BCV (range, 0 to 35.9% within specific groups). At time of arrival, 508 of 814 (62.4%) cattle had low (< 50) or undetectable BCV antibody titers. Seroconversion to BCV during the initial 28 days after arrival was detected in 473 of 814 (58%) cattle tested (range, 20.3 to 84.1% within specific groups). In cattle shedding BCV from the nasal passages, 49 of 68 (72.1%) seroconverted, and 472 of 746 (63.3%) cattle that were not shedding the virus seroconverted.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bovine coronavirus can be detected in populations of feedlot cattle in the form of viral shedding as well as seroconversion to the virus. Although only a few cattle were shedding the virus at the time of arrival at a feedlot, most of the cattle seroconverted to BCV by 28 days after arrival. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1057–1061)