bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Developmental Patterns of Sensorimotor‐Related Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A BrainAGE Study Based on Resting‐State fMRI
Authors: Wu Yifei , Lu Chunying , Li Min , Li Bowen , Shang Xing , Jian Guifen , Zhang Qianyue , Chen Xue , Cao Xuan , He Bifang , Wang Jia , Liu Heng , Chen Heng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by atypical brain development. Previous whole‐brain BrainAGE studies have unveiled the presence of accelerated or delayed brain function developmental patterns in individuals with ASD. However, it remains unclear whether these patterns manifest at a global level throughout the entire brain or are specific to certain functional sub‐networks. The study included resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 127 individuals with ASD and 135 healthy controls (aged between 5 and 40 years). ALFF maps were measured for each participant. Then, sub‐network‐level BrainAGE analyses were conducted across 10 sub‐networks using the Individual‐weighted Multilayer Perceptron Network (ILWMLP) regression method. The BrainAGE analyses revealed atypical developmental trajectories in sensorimotor‐related sub‐networks, encompassing auditory, motor, and sensorimotor sub‐networks. In individuals with ASD, delayed brain function development was observed in the auditory and sensorimotor networks, with a more pronounced delay observed in older individuals. Conversely, the motor network exhibited accelerated development in younger individuals but delayed development in older individuals. Our findings unveiled aberrant developmental patterns in sensorimotor‐related sub‐networks among individuals with ASD, exhibiting distinct atypical profiles across different sub‐networks. These results might contribute to a deeper understanding of the deviant brain development observed in ASD.
Feasibility and population exposure of 5‐fluorouracil using therapeutic drug monitoring (PREDICT‐5FU): A multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Glewis Sarah , Michael Michael , Gurney Howard , Olver Ian , Zdenkowski Nicholas , Ackland Stephen , Kukard Craig , Jayawardana Madawa , Silva S. Sandun M. , Alexander Marliese , Tie Jeanne , Galettis Peter , Martin Jennifer H. 
Published: February 2025

AimPREDICT‐5FU aimed to document 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) exposure in a cancer population and to evaluate the feasibility of 5FU and capecitabine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients receiving standard doses and schedules.MethodsMulticentre, prospective, observational single‐arm study. Eligible adult patients received 5FU (infusional ≥24 h) or capecitabine. Patients were treated for gastrointestinal, breast and head‐and‐neck cancers at four Australian hospitals. TDM was performed in consecutive cycles until target area under the curve (AUC) was reached. Pharmacogenetic testing was performed for all patients.ResultsFifty patients (24 males, 26 females) were recruited. Median age was 63 years; common diagnoses were lower gastrointestinal cancers 40% (20/50) and metastatic disease 80% (40/50). The majority received 5FU (38/50, 76%) over 46 h. Only 36% of 5FU patients achieved target AUC when dosed based on body surface area; 61% were below and 3% above target range. Post TDM‐adjusted dosing, target AUC was achieved in 58% of patients (22% absolute increase vs. BSA dosing, p = 0.03), within median three cycles (range 1–5). DPYD variant allele carriers (3/4) had upfront reduced dosing due to heterozygosity; all were below the target AUC and one experienced Grade 3 toxicity. There was no correlation between dihydrouracil: uracil ratio [UH2/U] or uracilemia [U] and DPYD genotype. TDM results were reported with an average of 4 days from sampling.ConclusionTDM dosing is feasible and increases the proportion of patients reaching target AUC. Findings are relevant across all cancers treated with 5FU, and particularly for DPYD variant allele carriers receiving upfront dose reductions.
Preparation and properties of Zn5(OH)8Cl2 as an inorganic filler in poly(vinylidene fluoride) based electrolytes for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Kim Mi‐Ra , Park Sung Soo , Oh Wontae , Lee Seongman , Kim Gahyun , Yoo Minseok , Ying Hu , Oh Pilgun , Lee Songyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe integration of inorganic fillers into polymer materials has garnered considerable attention for the development of advanced electrolyte materials, particularly in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Among various potential fillers, zinc hydroxide chloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2) emerged as a promising inorganic filler owing to its unique structural and electrochemical properties. This study focuses on developing a preparation method for Zn5(OH)8Cl2 as an inorganic filler, investigating its effects on the properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based electrolytes, and evaluating the performance of the resulting electrolyte in DSSCs. When Zn5(OH)8Cl2 was used as a filler, significant enhancements were observed in ionic conductivity and the overall cell performance. By harnessing the interactions between Zn5(OH)8Cl2 and PVDF, we optimized the PVDF‐based electrolytes for improved energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs. Notably, a DSSC device with a PVDF‐based electrolyte containing 15 wt% of Zn5(OH)8Cl2 in PVDF exhibited an overall efficiency of 7.52%.
Transgender History, Part II: A Brief History of Medical and Surgical Gender‐Affirming Care
Authors: Oles Norah , Fontenele Rodrigo , Abi Zeid Daou Margarita 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe history of gender‐affirming care (GAC) dates back millennia. Ancient records acknowledged gender variance and early attempts at medical/surgical treatment. The twentieth century saw significant advancements in GAC, particularly in the success of gender‐affirming surgeries. The emergence of centers like the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in the 1970s marked a turning point in GAC's recognition and acceptance. However, their sudden closure after just a few years hampered progress in GAC for the next several decades. In 2014, the Department of Health and Human Services overturned its prohibition on Medicare coverage for gender‐affirming surgery, leading to greater access. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) guidelines have played a significant role in shaping contemporary GAC. The Standards of Care 8 (2022) emphasises patient‐centered care and guideline flexibility. While challenges have marked the historical trajectory of GAC, it has also witnessed significant evolution which we review in this article.
How Are Researchers Evaluating the Effectiveness of Educational VR Applications and What Outcomes Are They Obtaining? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Vásquez‐Carbonell Mauricio , Torres Juan C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTVirtual environments in education offer numerous benefits, as shown by the growing volume of scientific research. However, understanding the effectiveness of VR applications, and evaluating study outcomes is imperative. To explore this further, a Systematic Literature Review was conducted, revealing various methods for evaluating the effectiveness of VR applications; however, questionnaires emerged as the most used approach. Outcome analysis suggests that traditional teaching methods can be as effective as VR, though this technology shows potential in stimulating cognitive and motor skills, with positive results in motivation and engagement. Cognitive load generated by information in Virtual Environment and Cybersickness are common issues, and long‐term impact and information on VR software development remain almost underexplored. These findings highlight the need for rigorous validation of VR in education, particularly to establish its long‐term benefits and usability.
Construction of in‐plane ZnIn2S4/In(OH)3 heterojunction with boosted CO2 photoreduction performance by a three‐phase etching‐hydrolysis strategy
Authors: Du Jun , Wu Jiaming , Li Keyan , Yan Siyang , Liu Jiaxu , Liu Ziwei , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen 
Published: February 2025

ZnIn2S4 with nanosheet structure shows great potential as photocatalyst for CO2 reduction, however, its photocatalytic performance is still restricted by the low charge separation efficiency and insufficient active sites. In this work, an in‐plane ZnIn2S4/In(OH)3 heterojunction was fabricated with a gas‐solid‐liquid three‐phase etching‐hydrolysis strategy utilizing single‐unit‐cell ZnIn2S4 nanosheets as the precursor. A portion of ZnIn2S4, which was dispersed in water, was in‐situ converted to crystalline and amorphous In(OH)3 under hydrothermal condition, while the sulfur escaped in the gas phase was captured by Cu foam placed on a free‐standing porous rack above water. This unique approach enabled all In elements to retain in the lattice and prevented the incorporation of Cu impurity into the heterojunction. The CO generation rate and selectivity reached 1807 μmol g−1 h−1 and 82%, respectively, significantly surpassing those of pure ZnIn2S4 (842 μmol g−1 h−1 and 65%). Moreover, In(OH)3 functions as both electron‐accepting platform and reactant adsorption sites, greatly enhancing charge separation efficiency as well as the reaction between CO2 and H2O. The synergy of improved charge separation and increased active sites lead to the remarkably boosted photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. This work provides a new strategy for the fabrication of 2D in‐plane heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications.
Utility of Proliferation Markers Ki‐67 and PHH3 in Predicting Malignancy in Basaloid Salivary Gland Neoplasms: A Study Using Digital Image Analysis of Cytology Cell Blocks
Authors: Yarman Yanki , Post Robert , Breslin Zachary , Solomides Charalambos C. , Gargano Stacey M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionBasaloid salivary gland neoplasms (BSNs) are notoriously difficult to classify in fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens due to the morphologic overlap of benign and malignant entities. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) represents a particular diagnostic challenge, as it typically shows low‐grade cytologic features despite its aggressive clinical behavior. We examined whether the proliferation markers Ki‐67 and PHH3 could help predict malignancy in BSNs.MethodsA retrospective search was conducted to identify FNA cases of BSNs that had adequate tumor cellularity in the cell block and a subsequent excision specimen. Ki‐67 and PHH3 immunohistochemical stains were performed. Aperio (Leica Biosystems) was used to calculate the percentage of tumor cell nuclear expression. Proliferation scores and final histopathologic diagnoses were correlated using a two‐sided p‐value test.ResultsTen benign and 14 malignant basaloid neoplasms were analyzed. Benign cases showed low mean percentages of tumor cell staining for Ki‐67 (1.14%) and PHH3 (0.84%), while malignant cases showed significantly higher mean percentages, especially with Ki‐67 (19% for low‐grade malignancies and 25.5% for high‐grade malignancies). The difference in proliferation marker scores between the benign and low‐grade malignant cases showed statistical significance for both Ki‐67 (p = 0.0041) and PHH3 (p = 0.00397). The difference between benign entities and AdCC was also statistically significant for Ki‐67 (p = 0.0013) and PHH3 (p = 0.002).ConclusionKi‐67 and PHH3 analysis in cell block material may help predict malignancy in a cytologic specimen from a BSN, offering a valuable ancillary tool for cases with cytomorphologic ambiguity. In particular, the ability to suggest a sample is more likely to be AdCC rather than another morphologically similar low‐grade BSN would be helpful for surgical planning.
Mesohabitat Spawning Preference of the Anadromous Twaite Shad (Alosa fallax, Lacépède 1803) in the Tagliamento River (Italy)
Authors: Negro Giovanni , Lesa Davide , Bertoli Marco , Guglielmetto Alessandro , Pinna Beatrice , Forte Simone , Spadavecchia Claudio , Maschio Paolo , Pizzul Elisabetta , Vezza Paolo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803) is an anadromous fish which utilizes European rivers for spawning. As many anadromous species, Twaite shad populations are declining due to river damming and hydromorphological alterations, which impact their spawning sites. In this study, we developed mesohabitat suitability criteria for the spawning period of A. fallax by analysing the geomorphic units (GUs), with their local habitat attribute, in which the fish prefers to spawn. The study was conducted in the Tagliamento River (NE Italy). Habitat depiction was performed following the MesoHABitat SImulation Model (MesoHABSIM) approach. High‐resolution spatial information from Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS), a two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model and field data collected during the spawning period were utilized for habitat attribute evaluation. The association between spawning sites and GUs characteristics was explored by training a classification random forest (RF) model. The final parsimonious RF model demonstrated high accuracy (98.8%) and true skill statistic (97.6%), indicating that A. fallax prefers glides and riffles with shallow depths (0.15–0.45 m), moderate current velocities (0.30–0.75 m/s) and small‐sized sediment (diameter 0.2–6 cm) for spawning. Using an infrared camera, 72 surface mating events were distinctly recorded between 11.30 PM and 02.15 AM over two nights, demonstrating the technique's suitability for observing shad mating activity. The video analysis revealed that the monitored A. fallax population exhibited similar mating behaviour to other European shads (e.g., Alosa alosa). This study provides useful insights to develop novel management approaches for preserving or restoring the spawning habitat of the A. fallax, supporting its conservation.
Alpine birds in a sky island: Resource subsidies from foothill areas
Authors: Iijima Daichi , Murakami Masashi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMaterial fluxes between ecosystems subsidize consumers in recipient ecosystems. While alpine zones are generally regarded as isolated, arthropods from lower elevations may be deposited on the snow surface in alpine zones by flight or wind. This arthropod fallout should be essential food resources for alpine consumers that are forced to deal with scarce food in environments. In this study, the source location of arthropods that fell onto the alpine snowpack was examined using data of their host plants. Furthermore, seasonal changes in the arthropod diets of two insectivorous and one primarily herbivorous alpine bird species were evaluated by fecal DNA metabarcoding with correction of PCR amplification bias among arthropod taxa using DNA mock assemblages of arthropods. We present quantitative evidence that winged aphids originating from the subalpine and montane zones are abundant on the snowpack. These subsidized aphids accounted for approximately 40% of the arthropod portion of the diet, and 6%–40% of the overall diet, of these birds during their early breeding seasons. Our findings indicate that material fluxes from foothill areas contribute to the maintenance of biotic communities in alpine ecosystems during less productive seasons.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in patients suffering cardiogenic shock
Authors: Lanz Hugo , Scherer Clemens , Kasper Philipp , Adler Christoph , Binzenhöfer Leonhard , Hoffmann Sabine , Höpler Julia , Kraft Marie , Gade Nils , Jamin Raúl Nicolás , Evertz Ruben , Hoyer Daniel , Tongers Jörn , Schulze Christian , Jung Christian , Claus Julia , Pöss Janine , Crusius Lisa , Mangner Norman , Hagl Christian , Nickenig Georg , Zimmer Sebastian , Massberg Steffen , Thiele Holger , Haertel Franz , Lüsebrink Enzo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsCardiogenic shock (CS) patients suffer from severe organ hypoperfusion, yet the incidence of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC‐CIP) in CS is poorly described. Given the limited evidence and severity of this syndrome, we aimed to further investigate SSC‐CIP in the context of CS.Methods and results24 251 total CS patients admitted between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2023 were retrospectively screened for the diagnosis of SSC‐CIP across nine German tertiary care centers. Following identification of confirmed SSC‐CIP diagnosis, baseline characteristics, laboratory values, SSC‐CIP‐specific imaging, diagnostics, and outcomes were obtained for analysis. 35 CS patients with a diagnosis of SSC‐CIP were identified, representing a prevalence of 0.14% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10, 0.19]. Patients were predominantly male (77.1%) with a median age of 58 years (interquartile range [IQR] 52.5, 68.0). Acute myocardial infarction (42.9%) was the most common aetiology of CS, followed by cardiac arrhythmias (20.0%). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 77.1% of cases after a median of 33 days following CS onset [IQR 24, 65], showing typical biliary casts (60.0%), intraductal filling defects (28.6%), and bile duct obliteration (20.0%). Cast removal and stent placement was performed in nearly half of ERCP procedures (45.7%). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in 22.9% of cases and showed intraductal dilation (11.4%), lumen narrowing (17.1%), or strictures (14.3%). Median intensive care unit and hospital length of stay was 43 days [IQR 33, 66] and 58 days [IQR 33, 88], respectively. In‐hospital mortality was 57.1%. One‐year (65.7%) and 3‐year (71.4%) mortality remained high. Two patients underwent liver transplantation after a median of 113 days [IQR 105, 122] and were alive at 3‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsIn this multicentre retrospective analysis in a high‐risk CS cohort, SSC‐CIP was a rare yet serious complication of intensive care unit stay with high in‐hospital mortality. Treatment options are limited, and liver transplantation remains the only viable long‐term treatment option.
VSTM1/SIRL‐1: An Inhibitory Pattern Recognition Receptor Regulating Myeloid Cells
Authors: Koops Maaike , Meyaard Linde 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInnate immune cells express a plethora of inhibitory receptors, many of which recognize molecular patterns. An appropriate balance between signaling via activating and inhibitory pattern recognition receptors is important for a proper immune response while preventing immunopathology. V‐set and transmembrane domain containing 1 (VSTM1), also known as signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes‐1 (SIRL‐1), is an inhibitory receptor expressed on myeloid cells. VSTM1 can modulate the function of myeloid cells, by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. VSTM1 recognizes shared molecular patterns both from endogenous and microbial origin, defining it as an inhibitory pattern recognition receptor. VSTM1 is involved in various pathological conditions, including autoimmune disorders and cancer, and its restricted expression on myeloid cells highlights its potential as a specific therapeutic target. This review summarizes the characteristics and function of VSTM1 in health and disease.
Tackle Characteristics Resulting in Potential Head Injuries in Elite Men's Rugby League: A Video Analysis Study of 746 Tackles
Authors: Woodward James , Jones Ben , Phillips Gemma , Till Kevin , Hendricks Sharief , Tucker Ross , Bleakley Chris , Tierney Gregory 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesContact with the head should be avoided during a rugby league tackle, given the inherent risks of head injuries. This study aimed to characterise a sample of tackles, retrospectively identified as resulting in a potential head injury by the Rugby Football League (RFL) match review panel.DesignRetrospective video analysis study.Methods746 tackles, identified by the RFL match review panel from the men's 2018 and 2019 Super League seasons, were analysed. Video clips were coded using an adapted analysis framework, characterising tackle stage, head contact, affected player, offending player/surface, offending body part/surface and tackle sanctioning. Data were reported as frequencies and percentages.ResultsThe majority of tackles resulting in a potential head injury occurred in the initial tackle contact stage (n = 590, 79.2%). The ball‐carrier was most frequently affected (n = 372, 49.9%) compared to initial tacklers (n = 213, 28.6%). The initial tackler was the most frequently impacting player (n = 268, 36.0%), with the majority of potential head injuries occurring from direct head contact by the arm (n = 230, 34.1%), shoulder (n = 170, 25.2%) and head/neck (n = 145, 21.5%) of the impacting player. Head contact was present in 90.6% (n = 675) of the tackles resulting in a potential head injury. Of the sample of tackles, 16.1% (n = 109) of direct head contact events received a sanction from on‐field match officials.ConclusionThe initial tackle contact between the ball‐carrier and initial tackler remains the area of focus for research into potential head injuries in elite‐level men's rugby league, to improve awareness and understanding of the mechanisms of injury.
Fault Classification and Detection in Transmission Lines by Hybrid Algorithm Associated Support Vector Machine
Authors: Kumar V. Rajesh , Jeyanthy P. Aruna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis work proposes a unique machine‐learning method based on optimization for the categorization and identification of defects in transmission lines. The novel hybrid optimization algorithm termed as the Chimpanzee inherited Squirrel search strategy (CI‐SSS) optimization technique is used in the proposed approach. The proposed CI‐SSS algorithm inherits the concept of chimps and squirrels in attaining their food with remarkable intelligence. The proposed approach involves optimizing the SVM's parameters to improve the proposed model's accuracy in identifying and classifying transmission line faults. The accuracy and error metrics of the suggested method is studied. The accuracy CI‐SSS is 98.82%, which is 11.35%, 5.41%, 0.84%, and 9.55% higher than methods, like GWO, DA, SSA, and CH, correspondingly. Similarly, the measure of MAE using the proposed CI‐SSS‐based SVM model is 0.0104, which is 84.5%, 87.7%, 85.73%, and 62.85% finer than the traditional methods, namely GWO, DA, SSA, and CH, respectively. Hence, the suggested strategy offers improved performance in classifying and detecting transmission line faults.
Analyzing 3D Steady Variable Coefficients Convection–Diffusion‐Reaction Equations via a Hybrid Element‐Free Galerkin Method
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Yang Yi‐Chen , Liu Feng‐Bin , Cheng Heng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a hybrid element‐free Galerkin (HEFG) method to analyze the 3D steady convection–diffusion‐reaction equation. By introducing the dimension‐splitting method, the governing equation can be split into 2D form in each layer. The 2D form can be solved using the improved element‐free Galerkin (IEFG) method with improved moving least‐squares (IMLS) approximation as shape function, and discretized equations of 2D form are derived. The finite difference method (FDM) is selected to handle first‐ and second‐order derivatives in the splitting direction. Thus, new 2D discretized equations in each plane are derived, and the final solved equation of the original 3D problem is obtained by coupling these 2D discretized equations. In numerical examples, we study the astringency of the HEFG method by examining the impact of layer and node on relative errors, and the computing time and accuracy of numerical solutions are compared with the dimension‐coupling method (DCM), IEFG method, and exact one. The HEFG method can significantly reduce the calculation times of the IEFG method. Compared with the DCM, the advantage of the proposed method is its shorter computing time when dealing with essential boundaries in a splitting direction.