bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Chiral 1,3‐Diamines by a Highly Modular Umpolung Strategy Employing a Diastereoselective Fluorination–Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Sequence
Authors: Braun Wolfgang , Calmuschi‐Cula Beatrice , Englert Ulli , Höfener Karola , Alberico Elisabetta , Salzer Albrecht 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new highly modular synthesis for the rare class of chiral 1,3‐diamines has been devised. It is accessible through nucleophilic aromatic ipso‐substitution of fluorine in [(R,R)‐1‐fluoro‐2‐{(1‐dimethylamino)ethyl}benzene]tricarbonylchromium and related complexes by secondary as well as primary amines. The precursor is accessible by a new diastereoselective electrophilic fluorination using N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), and the method is of potential interest for the synthesis of fluorinated pharmaceuticals. The protocol allows for the straightforward, modular synthesis of a broad library of diamines. A stock of 21 diamines has been synthesized. Primary amines bearing a stereogenic α‐center can be introduced without loss of optical purity, yielding planar‐chiral diamines with two stereogenic centers in close proximity. An extended number of X‐ray structures of these diamines is presented and discussed along with NMR experiments which show them to be “chiral proton‐donors”. The 1,3‐diaminoarene moiety can easily be liberated from the chromium complex by decomplexation with I2 as exemplified in four examples. The new methodology adds a powerful tool to the synthesis of organic diamines, and opens a new way to the formerly difficult‐to‐access class of chiral 1,3‐diamines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Terpioside from the Marine Sponge Terpios sp., the First Glycosphingolipid Having an L‐Fucofuranose Unit
Authors: Costantino Valeria , Fattorusso Ernesto , Imperatore Concetta , Mangoni Alfonso , Teta Roberta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe new diglycosylceramide terpioside (1a) has been isolated from the marine sponge Terpios sp. Terpioside is a diglycosylated glycosphingolipid which is the first example of a natural glycosphingolipid having an L‐fucofuranose unit. The structure of terpioside was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, whereas chemical degradation was used to establish the nature of the alkyl chains and the absolute configuration of the sugars and of the ceramide stereogenic centers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electroanalytical Applications of Microporous Zeolites and Mesoporous (Organo)Silicas: Recent Trends
Authors: Walcarius Alain 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMicroporous zeolites and ordered mesoporous (organo)silicas have been widely used as electrode modifiers because of their attractive properties (ion exchange and size selectivity of zeolites, well ordered nanoreactors containing a high number of widely accessible active centers in mesoporous (organo)silicas). These properties have been intelligently combined to selected redox processes to improve the response of the resulting modified electrodes or to design novel electrochemical detection schemes. This up‐to‐date review provides the recent advances made in the electroanalytical applications of zeolite modified electrodes and discusses the interest of ordered mesoporous (organo)silica materials in electroanalysis.
Measuring and partitioning the high‐order linkage disequilibrium by multiple order Markov chains
Authors: Kim Yunjung , Feng Sheng , Zeng Zhao‐Bang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA map of the background levels of disequilibrium between nearby markers can be useful for association mapping studies. In order to assess the background levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD), multilocus LD measures are more advantageous than pairwise LD measures because the combined analysis of pairwise LD measures is not adequate to detect simultaneous allele associations among multiple markers. Various multilocus LD measures based on haplotypes have been proposed. However, most of these measures provide a single index of association among multiple markers and does not reveal the complex patterns and different levels of LD structure. In this paper, we employ non‐homogeneous, multiple order Markov Chain models as a statistical framework to measure and partition the LD among multiple markers into components due to different orders of marker associations. Using a sliding window of multiple markers on phased haplotype data, we compute corresponding likelihoods for different Markov Chain (MC) orders in each window. The log‐likelihood difference between the lowest MC order model (MC0) and the highest MC order model in each window is used as a measure of the total LD or the overall deviation from the gametic equilibrium for the window. Then, we partition the total LD into lower order disequilibria and estimate the effects from two‐, three‐, and higher order disequilibria. The relationship between different orders of LD and the log‐likelihood difference involving two different orders of MC models are explored. By applying our method to the phased haplotype data in the ENCODE regions of the HapMap project, we are able to identify high/low multilocus LD regions. Our results reveal that the most LD in the HapMap data is attributed to the LD between adjacent pairs of markers across the whole region. LD between adjacent pairs of markers appears to be more significant in high multilocus LD regions than in low multilocus LD regions. We also find that as the multilocus total LD increases, the effects of high‐order LD tends to get weaker due to the lack of observed multilocus haplotypes. The overall estimates of first, second, third, and fourth order LD across the ENCODE regions are 64, 23, 9, and 3%. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using disease symptoms to improve detection of linkage under genetic heterogeneity
Authors: Bureau Alexandre , Labbe Aurélie , Croteau, Jordie , Mérette Chantal 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA major reason for the slow progress in identifying susceptibility genes for complex diseases may be that the clinical diagnoses used as phenotypes are genetically heterogeneous. This has led researchers to collect various phenotypes related to the diagnosis, such as detailed symptoms, in the hope that these measurements define more homogeneous disease sub‐types, influenced by a smaller number of genes that will thus be more easily detectable. Latent class analysis can be used to define disease sub‐types from multivariate symptoms under the assumption that the subjects are independent, an assumption that does not hold between members of the same family. We have recently developed a latent class model allowing dependence between the latent disease class status of relatives within nuclear families. In this paper, we propose approaches to use the resulting latent class probabilities in linkage analysis. We present results from a simulation study showing that the latent class approach can provide a substantial gain in power to detect disease genes over the standard heterogeneity approach of Smith and identity‐by‐descent sharing methods applied to the disease diagnosis. Taking into account familial dependence in the latent class model generally provides greater power than assuming independence. In an analysis of autism symptoms in families from the Autism Genetics Research Exchange, linkage signals obtained with latent class‐derived phenotypes were stronger than those obtained using the original autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional architecture of verbal and tonal working memory: An FMRI study
Authors: Koelsch Stefan , Schulze Katrin , Sammler Daniela , Fritz Thomas , Müller Karsten , Gruber Oliver 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the functional architecture of working memory (WM) for verbal and tonal information during rehearsal and articulatory suppression. Participants were presented with strings of four sung syllables with the task to remember either the pitches (tonal information) or the syllables (verbal information). Rehearsal of verbal, as well as of tonal information activated a network comprising ventrolateral premotor cortex (encroaching Broca's area), dorsal premotor cortex, the planum temporale, inferior parietal lobe, the anterior insula, subcortical structures (basal ganglia and thalamus), as well as the cerebellum. The topography of activations was virtually identical for the rehearsal of syllables and pitches, showing a remarkable overlap of the WM components for the rehearsal of verbal and tonal information. When the WM task was performed under articulatory suppression, activations in those areas decreased, while additional activations arose in anterior prefrontal areas. These prefrontal areas might contain additional storage components of verbal and tonal WM that are activated when auditory information cannot be rehearsed. As in the rehearsal conditions, the topography of activations under articulatory suppression was nearly identical for the verbal as compared to the tonal task. Results indicate that both the rehearsal of verbal and tonal information, as well as storage of verbal and tonal information relies on strongly overlapping neuronal networks. These networks appear to partly consist of sensorimotor‐related circuits which provide resources for the representation and maintenance of information, and which are remarkably similar for the production of speech and song. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The work‐life conundrum: Will HRD become more involved?
Authors: Kahnweiler William M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlthough the scholarly and popular literature on work‐life has grown tremendously in the past several decades, and as more and more individuals and organizations grapple with work‐life issues, it appears that HRD's involvement in work‐life has been modest. It is hoped that this article will serve as a catalyst for discussion and debate among HRD scholars and practitioners regarding HRD's current and future involvement in work‐life issues. Suggestions for how our profession can take a more active role in work‐life research and practice are offered.
Effect of dihydrotestosterone on hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lee Sang Hun , Heo Jung Sun , Lee Min Young , Han Ho Jae 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSteroid hormones have been reported to activate various signal transducers that trigger a variety of cellular responses. Among these hormones, testosterone has been identified as an antioxidant that protects against cellular damage. Therefore, using mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as a model system, this study evaluated the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a biologically active testosterone metabolite, on H2O2‐induced apoptosis. H2O2 increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and DNA fragmentation but reduced the cell viability in a time‐dependent manner (≥8 h). Moreover, H2O2 decreased the level of DNA synthesis and the levels of the cell cycle regulatory proteins [cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK 4]. These effects of H2O2 were inhibited by a pretreatment with DHT. However, a treatment with flutamide (androgen receptor inhibitor, 10−3 M) abolished the protective effects of DHT. This result was supported by the presence of the androgen receptor in mouse ES cells. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, was increased by the DHT treatment but not by a co‐treatment with DHT and flutamide. Using CM‐H2DCFDA (DCF‐DA) for the detection of intracellular H2O2, DHT decreased the intracellular H2O2 levels but flutamide blocked this effect. H2O2 also increased the level of p38 MAPK, JNK/SAPK, and NF‐κB phosphorylation, which were inhibited by the DHT pretreatment. Catalase inhibited the effect of H2O2 on MAPKs and NF‐κB. However, the flutamide treatment abolished the inhibitory effects of DHT on the H2O2‐induced increase in the levels of p38 MAPK, JNK/SAPK, and NF‐κB phosphorylation. DHT inhibited the H2O2‐induced increase in caspase‐3 expression and decreased the level of Bcl‐2 and the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP)‐2. These effects were abolished by the flutamide treatment. In conclusion, DHT prevents the H2O2‐induced apoptotic cell death of mouse ES cells through the activation of catalase and the downregulation of p38 MAPK, JNK/SAPK, and NF‐κB via the androgen receptor. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 269–275, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral vectors for production of recombinant proteins in plants
Authors: Lico Chiara , Chen Qiang , Santi Luca 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGlobal demand for recombinant proteins has steadily accelerated for the last 20 years. These recombinant proteins have a wide range of important applications, including vaccines and therapeutics for human and animal health, industrial enzymes, new materials and components of novel nano‐particles for various applications. The majority of recombinant proteins are produced by traditional biological “factories,” that is, predominantly mammalian and microbial cell cultures along with yeast and insect cells. However, these traditional technologies cannot satisfy the increasing market demand due to prohibitive capital investment requirements. During the last two decades, plants have been under intensive investigation to provide an alternative system for cost‐effective, highly scalable, and safe production of recombinant proteins. Although the genetic engineering of plant viral vectors for heterologous gene expression can be dated back to the early 1980s, recent understanding of plant virology and technical progress in molecular biology have allowed for significant improvements and fine tuning of these vectors. These breakthroughs enable the flourishing of a variety of new viral‐based expression systems and their wide application by academic and industry groups. In this review, we describe the principal plant viral‐based production strategies and the latest plant viral expression systems, with a particular focus on the variety of proteins produced and their applications. We will summarize the recent progress in the downstream processing of plant materials for efficient extraction and purification of recombinant proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 366–377, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topical administration of a multi‐targeted kinase inhibitor suppresses choroidal neovascularization and retinal edema
Authors: Doukas John , Mahesh Sankaranarayana , Umeda Naoyasu , Kachi Shu , Akiyama Hideo , Yokoi Katsutoshi , Cao Jon , Chen Zoe , Dellamary Luis , Tam Betty , Racanelli‐Layton Adrienne , Hood John , Martin Michael , Noronha Glenn , Soll Richard , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions are complicated by neovascularization and macular edema. Multi‐targeted kinase inhibitors that inhibit select growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and/or components of their down‐stream signaling cascades (such as Src kinases) are rationale treatment strategies for these disease processes. We describe the discovery and characterization of two such agents. TG100572, which inhibits Src kinases and selected receptor tyrosine kinases, induced apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells in vitro. Systemic delivery of TG100572 in a murine model of laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused significant suppression of CNV, but with an associated weight loss suggestive of systemic toxicity. To minimize systemic exposure, topical delivery of TG100572 to the cornea was explored, and while substantial levels of TG100572 were achieved in the retina and choroid, superior exposure levels were achieved using TG100801, an inactive prodrug that generates TG100572 by de‐esterification. Neither TG100801 nor TG100572 were detectable in plasma following topical delivery of TG100801, and adverse safety signals (such as weight loss) were not observed even with prolonged dosing schedules. Topical TG100801 significantly suppressed laser‐induced CNV in mice, and reduced fluorescein leakage from the vasculature and retinal thickening measured by optical coherence tomography in a rat model of retinal vein occlusion. These data suggest that TG100801 may provide a new topically applied treatment approach for ocular neovascularization and retinal edema. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 29–37, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Customers as contributors and reliable evaluators of creativity in the service industry
Authors: Madjar Nora , Ortiz‐Walters Rowena 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUsing hair stylists, we examined the nature of creativity in a service setting and the impact of customers as part of the social context for employee creativity. We also assessed whether customers could serve as reliable evaluators of creativity. To do so, we collected data from multiple sources: service providers, supervisors, and customers. Results demonstrated that customer input and customer affective‐based trust made significant, positive, and independent contributions to service‐related creativity. Moreover, customers in the service industry proved to be reliable raters of employee creativity, compatible with supervisors. Finally, input and trust were associated differently with service‐related and organization‐related creativity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric chemistry of cyclohexanone: UV spectrum and kinetics of reaction with chlorine atoms
Authors: Iwasaki E. , Matsumi Y. , Takahashi K. , Wallington T. J. , Hurley M.D. , Orlando J. J. , Kaiser E. W. , Calvert J. G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAbsolute and relative rate techniques were used to study the reactivity of Cl atoms with cyclohexanone in 6 Torr of argon or 800–950 Torr of N2 at 295 ± 2 K. The absolute rate experiments gave k(Cl + cyclohexanone) = (1.88 ± 0.38) × 10−10, whereas the relative rate experiments gave k(Cl + cyclohexanone) = (1.66 ± 0.26) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Cyclohexanone has a broad UV absorption band with a maximum cross section of (4.0 ± 0.3) × 10−20 cm2 molecule−1 near 285 nm. The results are discussed with respect to the literature data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 223–229, 2008
Photophysics and kinetics of naphthopyran derivatives, Part 6: A fundamental system of equations to describe ABC(3k,6ϕ) dynamics. A contribution to the elucidation of [2H]‐naphthopyran kinetics
Authors: Maafi Mounir , Brown Robert G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new spectrokinetic method free of any assumption is developed in this paper to investigate photochemical systems obeying ABC(3k,6ϕ) kinetic mechanisms that can be characterized by up to 14 unknown parameters for a nonpreconceived mechanism. The mathematical framework of this method is derived as an application from an original formalism previously established to deal with the kinetic law descriptions relating to ABC reactive systems. The necessary number of linearly independent (but nonlinear) equations has been fully defined together with seven other supplementary equations useful as constraints during the iterative calculations. As a practical example, this spectrokinetic method has been used to investigate the dynamics of a new photochromic derivative belonging to the naphthopyran family (2,2‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐carbomethoxy‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐9‐methoxy‐2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b]‐pyran). The system of equations has been solved, and the problems of identifiability and distinguishability have been raised with relation to the degeneracy of the kinetic solution. To get more insight into the photochemical and thermal reaction steps involved, a progressive overall discussion leads to several quantitative conclusions whose background sets the dynamics for the present derivative to at least ABC(1k,4ϕ) kinetics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 268–281, 2008
Weighted isoperimetric inequalities on ℝnand applications to rearrangements
Authors: Betta M. Francesca , Brock Friedemann , Mercaldo Anna , Posteraro M. Rosaria 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study isoperimetric inequalities for a certain class of probability measures on ℝntogether with applications to integral inequalities for weighted rearrangements. Furthermore, we compare the solution to a linear elliptic problem with the solution to some “rearranged” problem defined in the domain {x:x1<α(x2, …,xn)} with a suitable functionα(x2, …,xn). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cokernel bundles and Fibonacci bundles
Authors: Brambilla Maria Chiara 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe are interested in those bundles C on ℙN which admit a resolution of the form0 → ℂs ⊗ E $$ \buildrel\mu\over\to $$ ℂt ⊗ F → C → 0.In this paper we prove that, under suitable conditions on (E, F), a generic bundle with this form is either simple or canonically decomposable. As applications we provide an easy criterion for the stability of such bundles on ℙ2 and we prove the stability when E = 𝒪, F = 𝒪(1) and C is an exceptional bundle on ℙN for N ≥ 2. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gorenstein categories and Tate cohomology on projective schemes
Authors: Enochs E. , Estrada S. , García–Rozas J. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study Gorenstein categories. We show that such a category has Tate cohomological functors and Avramov–Martsinkovsky exact sequences connecting the Gorenstein relative, the absolute and the Tate cohomological functors. We show that such a category has what Hovey calls an injective model structure and also a projective model structure in case the category has enough projectives. As examples we show that if X is a locally Gorenstein projective scheme then the category 𝔔𝔠𝔬(X) of quasi‐coherent sheaves on X is such a category and so has these features. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predicting the NMR spectra of nucleotides by DFT calculations: cyclic uridine monophosphate
Authors: Bagno Alessandro , Rastrelli Federico , Saielli Giacomo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present an experimental and quantum chemical NMR study of the mononucleotide cyclic uridine monophosphate in water. Spectral parameters (1H and 13C chemical shifts and 1H1H, 13C1H, 31P13C and 31P1H spin‐spin coupling constants) have been carefully obtained experimentally and calculated using DFT methods including the solvent effect and the conformational flexibility of the solute. This study confirms that the 1H and 13C spectra of polar, flexible molecules in aqueous solution can be predicted with a high level of accuracy, comparable to that obtained for less complex systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyaniline nanofibers by surfactant‐assisted dilute polymerization for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Subramania Angaiah , Devi Subbarao Lakshmi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPolyaniline nanofibers doped with citric acid was prepared by a novel surfactant‐assisted dilute polymerization technique. It was possible to synthesize polyaniline nanofibers without using any organic solvent by easier pathway. Polyaniline salt was characterized by conductivity, FTIR, and X‐ray diffraction studies. The specific capacitance behavior of the polyaniline nanofibers was characterized using cyclic voltammetry which exhibits highest specific capacitance of 298 F g−1. The morphology of the obtained nanofibers was characterized by SEM studies. So, these kinds of specific properties of polyaniline nanofibers could be beneficial to the development of energy storage devices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.