bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation kinetics of trans‐4‐methyl‐1‐cyclohexane carboxylic acid in continuously stirred tank and immobilized cell bioreactors
Authors: Paslawski Janice , Nemati Mehdi , Hill Gordon , Headley John 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Naphthenic acids are carboxylic acid compounds of oil sands wastewaters that contribute to aquatic toxicity. Biodegradation kinetics of an individual naphthenic acid compound in two types of continuous‐flow bioreactors were investigated as a means of improving remediation strategies for these compounds.RESULTS: This study evaluates the kinetics of biodegradation of trans‐4‐methy‐1‐cyclohexane carboxylic acid (trans‐4MCHCA) using two bioreactor systems and a microbial culture developed in previous work. Using a feed concentration of 500 mg L−1 the biodegradation rate of trans‐4MCHCA in the immobilized cell bioreactor was almost two orders of magnitude higher than that in a continuously stirred tank bioreactor. The maximum reaction rates of 230 mg (L d)−1 at a residence time of 1.6 d (40 h) and 22 000 mg (L d)−1 at a residence time of 2.6 h were observed in the continuously stirred tank and immobilized cell bioreactors, respectively. In a second immobilized cell system operating with a feed concentration of 250 mg L−1, a comparable maximum reaction rate (21 800 mg (L d)−1) was achieved at a residence time of 1.0 h.CONCLUSION: The use of immobilized cell bioreactors can enhance the biodegradation rate of naphthenic acid compounds by two orders of magnitude. Further, biodegradation greatly reduces the toxicity of the effluent wastewater. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic surface localization of subcutaneous foreign bodies and masses
Authors: Creel Stephanie A. , Girish Gandikota , Jamadar David A. , Morag Yoav , Jacobson Jon A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report a sonographic technique of skin marking of the projection of nonpalpable subcutaneous foreign bodies and masses using a paperclip. Localization and marking of the overlying skin assists in preoperative planning and further management. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen: Sonographic finding
Authors: Gutzeit Andreas , Stuckmann Gerhard , Dommann‐Scherrer Corina 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a recently recognized benign vascular lesion of the spleen. There is limited information regarding its imaging findings of this condition. Until now, the diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination of splenectomy specimens. We report the sonographic findings in a case of SANT of the spleen confirmed by ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
In vitro formation of phase I and II metabolites of propranolol and determination of their structures using chemical derivatization and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lampinen Salomonsson Matilda , Bondesson Ulf , Hedeland Mikael 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDerivatization with 1,2‐dimethylimidazole‐4‐sulfonyl chloride (DMISC) has been successfully used as a tool to differentiate between aromatic and aliphatic O‐glucuronides of hydroxypropranolol. The analyses were performed with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) with both a triple quadrupole and an ion trap instrument. Hydroxylated forms of propranolol can be glucuronidated in aliphatic as well as aromatic positions. These isoforms are not distinguishable by tandem MS alone, as they both initially lose 176 Da, i.e. monodehydrated glucuronic acid, giving back the aglycone. Two in vitro systems were set up for the production of propranolol metabolites. The obtained isomers of 4′‐hydroxypropranolol glucuronide were determined to correspond to one aliphatic and one aromatic form, using chemical derivatization with DMISC and LC‐MSn. DMISC was shown to react with the secondary amine in the case where the naphtol was occupied by the glucuronyl moiety, resulting in a different fragmentation pattern compared with that of the aliphatic glucuronide, where the naphtol group was accessible to derivatization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes of cognition and regional cerebral activity during acute hypoglycemia in normal subjects: A H215O positron emission tomographic study
Authors: Bie‐Olsen Lise G. , Kjaer Troels W. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Lonsdale Markus N. , Holst Jens Juul , Law Ian , Thorsteinsson Birger 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBlurred vision and cognitive difficulties are prominent symptoms during acute insulin‐induced hypoglycemia. Our hypothesis was that changes in cerebral activity reflect these symptoms. Positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen‐15‐labelled water was used to measure relative changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as a marker of cerebral activity. Hypoglycemia was induced by intravenous insulin infusion in 19 healthy men performing two different cognitive tasks of varying complexity. The hypoglycemic stimulus [plasma glucose 2.2 mmol/liter (0.4)] produced a significant hormonal counterregulatory response. During the low cognitive load, rCBF decreased in response to hypoglycemia in a large bilateral area in the posterior part of the temporal lobe, and rCBF increased bilaterally in the anterior cingulate gyrus, the right frontal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus, thalamus, and the left inferior part of the frontal gyrus. During the high cognitive load, rCBF decreased bilaterally in a large region in the posterior part of the temporal gyrus and increased in the left and right anterior cingulate gyrus, left and right frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal and lingual gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus. Visual impairment during hypoglycemia was associated with deactivation in the ventral visual stream. The anterior cingulate gyrus was activated during hypoglycemia in a load‐dependent manner. Areas on the frontal convexity were differentially activated in response to the cognitive load during hypoglycemia. Our findings suggest that hypoglycemia induces changes in sensory processing in a cognition‐independent manner, whereas activation of areas of higher order functions is influenced by cognitive load as well as hypoglycemia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enriched environment fails to increase meningitis‐induced neurogenesis and spatial memory in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Tauber Simone C. , Bunkowski Stephanie , Ebert Sandra , Schulz Daniela , Kellert Benedikt , Nau Roland , Gerber Joachim 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn increase in adult neurogenesis was observed after exposure to enriched environment (EE) and during reconvalescence from experimental pneumococcal meningitis. This study investigated neurogenesis and spatial learning performance 5 weeks after bacterial meningitis and exposure to EE. C57BL/6 mice were infected by intracerebral injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with ceftriaxone for 5 days. Forty‐eight hours after infection, one group (n = 22) was exposed to EE and the other group (n = 23) housed under standard conditions. Another set of mice was kept under either enriched (n = 16) or standard (n = 15) conditions without bacterial meningitis. Five weeks later, the Morris water maze was performed, and neurogenesis was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry. Mice housed in EE without prior bacterial infection displayed both increased neurogenesis and improved water maze performance in comparison with uninfected control animals. Bacterial meningitis stimulated neurogenesis in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus: with standard housing conditions, we observed a higher density of BrdU‐immunolabeled and TUC‐4‐expressing cells 5 weeks after induction of bacterial meningitis than in the noninfected control group. EE did not further increase progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the subgranular cell layer of the dentate gyrus after bacterial meningitis in comparison with infected mice housed under standard conditions. Moreover, the Morris water maze showed no significant differences between survivors of meningitis exposed to EE and animals kept in standard housing. In summary, exposure to EE after pneumococcal meningitis did not further increase meningitis‐induced neurogenesis or improve spatial learning. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fat marrow embolism during intramedullary bone endoscopy: An experimental study in sheep
Authors: Oberst Michael , Herget Georg , Riede Urs , Kreim Saskia Y. , Konrad Gerhard , Suedkamp Norbert P. , Haberstroh Joerg 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe present a study designed to investigate whether the intramedullary bone endoscopy (IBE) procedure within the cavity of an intact long bone will create embolic loads on the lungs similar to that of other orthopedic procedures (e.g., stem implantation in total hip arthroplasty [THA]). In a sheep model, 10 animals underwent the IBE procedure with complete perioperative anesthesiology monitoring. The lungs were harvested postoperatively and examined for fat embolisms. One animal showed evidence of intraoperative fat embolism with temporary increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAD) and the mean CO2‐gradient. The histological examination in this animal revealed fat embolism with a 2% surface area of the investigated fields covered with fat vacuoles. All peri‐ and postoperative data on the other nine animals were normal. Our findings indicate that, as with other intramedullary manipulation in intact long bones, there is a potential risk for systemic fat excavation during IBE. However, the embolic load is much lower than the rates reported for other orthopedic interventions. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 1060–1066, 2009
Temporal growth factor release from platelet‐rich plasma, trehalose lyophilized platelets, and bone marrow aspirate and their effect on tendon and ligament gene expression
Authors: McCarrel Taralyn , Fortier Lisa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has generated substantial interest for tendon and ligament regeneration because of the high concentrations of growth factors in platelet α‐granules. This study compared the temporal release of growth factors from bone marrow aspirate (BMA), PRP, and lyophilized platelet product (PP), and measured their effects on tendon and ligament gene expression. Blood and BMA were collected and processed to yield PRP and plasma. Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (FDS) and suspensory ligament (SL) explants were cultured in 10% plasma in DMEM (control), BMA, PRP, or PP. TGF‐β1 and PDGF‐BB concentrations were determined at 0, 24, and 96 h of culture using ELISA. Quantitative RT‐PCR for collagen types I and III (COL1A1, COL3A1), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), decorin, and matrix metalloproteinases‐3 and 13 (MMP‐3, MMP‐13) was performed. TGF‐β1 and PDGF‐BB concentrations were highest in PRP and PP. Growth factor quantity was unchanged in BMA, increased in PRP, and decreased in PP over 4 days. TGF‐β1 and platelet concentrations were positively correlated. Lyophilized PP and PRP resulted in increased COL1A1:COL3A1 ratio, increased COMP, and decreased MMP‐13 expression. BMA resulted in decreased COMP and increased MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 gene expression. Platelet concentration was positively correlated with COL1A1, ratio of COL1A1:COL3A1, and COMP, and negatively correlated with COL3A1, MMP‐13, and MMP‐3. White blood cell concentration was positively correlated with COL3A1, MMP3, and MMP13, and negatively correlated with a ratio of COL1A1:COL3A1, COMP, and decorin. These findings support further in vivo investigation of PRP and PP for treatment of tendonitis and desmitis. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 1033–1042, 2009
The role of lymphadenectomy in the management of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Rotstein Lorne 
Published: January 2009

AbstractImpact of nodal involvement in papillary thyroid cancer remains controversial. The incidence of nodal metastases is high and the presence of involved nodes has a negative impact on recurrence and possibly on survival as well, particularly in older patients. The risk of nodal disease increases with age, tumor size, and BRAF oncogene expression. Most thyroid surgeons sample the ipsilateral central nodes as a minimum and clear the central compartment if there is gross adenopathy present. Lateral compartment neck dissection is reserved for patients with known metastatic disease. This article attempts to review the literature on surgery of lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:186–188. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelotoxicity of preoperative chemoradiotherapy is a significant determinant of poor prognosis in patients with T4 esophageal cancer
Authors: Miyoshi Norikatsu , Yano Masahiko , Takachi Ko , Kishi Kentaro , Noura Shingo , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Yamada Terumasa , Miyashiro Isao , Ohue Masayuki , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Sasaki Yo , Ishikawa Osamu , Doki Yuichiro , Imaoka Shingi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeCurrently, preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the only promising strategy for patients with T4 esophageal cancer. This study retrospectively analyzed the prognostic factors in patients with curatively resected cancer after chemoradiotherapy.Patients and MethodsBetween September 1989 and December 2003, 42 patients with T4 esophageal cancer received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative surgery. Chemotherapy consisted of 5‐fluorouracil/cisplatin (FP) or 5‐fluorouracil/adriamycin/cisplatin (FAP). A total dose of 40 Gy of radiation was delivered concurrently. Surgery was scheduled 4 weeks after the completion of CRT. The treatment response was categorized using general criteria. Toxicities of the CRT were assessed according to National Cancer Institute of Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI‐CTC). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant prognostic clinicopathological factors.ResultsThe overall survival rate was 38.4% at 5 years. The toxic grade for leukopenia (grade 0–2/3–4) and pathological effect (grade 3/1–2) were significantly different by univariate analysis (P = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified the toxic grade for leukopenia as the only significant and independent determinant of prognosis (P = 0.05).ConclusionIn patients with T4 esophageal cancer who receive CRT followed by curatively resection, myelogenic chemotoxicity is a significant prognostic factor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:302–306. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colcemid‐treatment of heifer oocytes enhances nuclear transfer embryonic development, establishment of pregnancy and development to term
Authors: Li Guang‐Peng , White Kenneth L. , Aston Kenneth I. , Bunch Thomas D. , Hicks Brady , Liu Ying , Sessions Benjamin R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFour experiments were designed to examine the effects of colcemid, a microtubule assembly inhibitor, on the development of bovine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos in vitro and in vivo. Recipient oocytes matured at different times were exposed to colcemid. Approximately 80–93% of the exposed oocytes, with or without the first polar body (PB1), developed obvious membrane projections. In Experiment 1, oocytes matured for either 14–15 or 16–17 hr, treated with colcemid and used as recipient cytoplasm for NT resulted in over 40% blastocyst development. In Experiment 2, oocytes matured for 16–17 hr were treated with either 0.2 or 0.4 µg/ml colcemid for 2–3 or 5–6 hr, respectively. The percentages of blastocyst development (39–42%) were not statistically different among the different colcemid treatment groups, but were both higher (P < 0.05) than the control group (30%). Colcemid concentrations and length of colcemid treatment of oocytes did not affect their ability to support NT embryo development to the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stages. Results from Experiment 3 indicate that semi‐defined medium increases morula and blastocyst development of NT embryos derived fromcolcemid‐treated oocytes under 5% CO2 in air atmosphere. In addition, cell numbers of blastocysts in colcemid‐treated groups were numerically higher than the control groups. After embryo transfer, higher (P < 0.05) pregnant rates were obtained from the colcemid‐treated group than the nontreated group. Five of 40 recipients (12.5%) which received embryos from colcemid‐treated oocytes delivered healthy calves, significantly higher than those recipients (3.3%) that received embryos derived from nontreated oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 620–628, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity to tumor microvasculature without contrast agents in high spectral and spatial resolution MR images
Authors: Foxley Sean , Fan Xiaobing , Mustafi Devkumar , Haney Chad , Zamora Marta , Markiewicz Erica , Medved Milica , Wood Abbie M. , Karczmar Gregory S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractContrast‐enhanced (CE)‐MRI is sensitive to cancers but can produce adverse reactions and suffers from insufficient specificity and morphological detail. This research investigated whether high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI detects tumor vasculature without contrast agents, based on the sensitivity of the water resonance line shape to tumor blood vessels. HiSS data from AT6.1 tumors inoculated in the hind legs of rats (N = 8) were collected pre‐ and post–blood pool contrast agent (iron‐oxide particles) injection. The waterline in small voxels was significantly more asymmetric at the tumor rim compared to the tumor center and normal muscle (P < 0.003). Composite images were synthesized, with the intensity in each voxel determined by the Fourier component (FC) of the water resonance having the greatest relative image contrast at that position. We tested whether regions with high contrast in FC images (FCIs) contain vasculature by comparing FCIs with CE‐MRI as the “gold standard” of vascular density. The FCIs had 75% ± 13% sensitivity, 74% ± 10% specificity, and 91% ± 4% positive predictive value (PPV) for vasculature detection at the tumor rim. These results suggest that tumor microvasculature can be detected using HiSS imaging without the use of contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 61:291–298, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of DTI‐based muscle fiber tracking and optimal tracking parameters
Authors: Heemskerk Anneriet M. , Sinha Tuhin K. , Wilson Kevin J. , Ding Zhaohua , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging‐based fiber tracking in skeletal muscle has been used to reconstruct and quantify muscle architecture. In addition, the consistent pattern of muscle fiber geometry enables a quantitative assessment of the fiber tracking. This work describes a method to determine the accuracy of individual muscle fiber tracts based on the location at which the fibers terminate, the fiber path, and similarity to the neighboring fibers. In addition, the effect of different stop criteria settings on this quantitative assessment was investigated. Fiber tracking was performed on the tibialis anterior muscle of nine healthy subjects. Complete fiber tracts covered 89.4 ± 9.6% and 75.0 ± 15.2% of the aponeurosis area in the superficial and deep compartments, respectively. Applications of the method include the exclusion of erroneous fiber‐tracking results, quantitative assessment of data set quality, and the assessment of fiber‐tracking stop criteria. Magn Reson Med 61:467–472, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geodesic topological analysis of trabecular bone microarchitecture from high‐spatial resolution magnetic resonance images
Authors: Carballido‐Gamio Julio , Krug Roland , Huber Markus B. , Hyun Ben , Eckstein Felix , Majumdar Sharmila , Link Thomas M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn vivo assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture could improve the prediction of fracture risk and the efficacy of osteoporosis treatment and prevention. Geodesic topological analysis (GTA) is introduced as a novel technique to quantify the trabecular bone microarchitecture from high‐spatial resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images. Trabecular bone parameters that quantify the scale, topology, and anisotropy of the trabecular bone network in terms of its junctions are the result of GTA. The reproducibility of GTA was tested with in vivo images of human distal tibiae and radii (n = 6) at 1.5 Tesla; and its ability to discriminate between subjects with and without vertebral fracture was assessed with ex vivo images of human calcanei at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla (n = 30). GTA parameters yielded an average reproducibility of 4.8%, and their individual areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for fracture discrimination performed better at 3.0 than at 1.5 Tesla reaching values of up to 0.78 (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that fracture discrimination was improved by combining GTA parameters, and that GTA combined with bone mineral density (BMD) allow for better discrimination than BMD alone (AUC = 0.95; p < 0.001). Results indicate that GTA can substantially contribute in studies of osteoporosis involving imaging of the trabecular bone microarchitecture. Magn Reson Med 61:448–456, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convolution kernel design and efficient algorithm for sampling density correction
Authors: Johnson Kenneth O. , Pipe James G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSampling density compensation is an important step in non‐cartesian image reconstruction. One of the common techniques to determine weights that compensate for differences in sampling density involves a convolution. A new convolution kernel is designed for sampling density attempting to minimize the error in a fully reconstructed image. The resulting weights obtained using this new kernel are compared with various previous methods, showing a reduction in reconstruction error. A computationally efficient algorithm is also presented that facilitates the calculation of the convolution of finite kernels. Both the kernel and the algorithm are extended to 3D. Magn Reson Med 61:439–447, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B1 and T1 insensitive water and lipid suppression using optimized multiple frequency‐selective preparation pulses for whole‐brain 1H spectroscopic imaging at 3T
Authors: Gu Meng , Spielman Daniel M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new method for the simultaneous suppression of water and lipid resonances using a series of dual‐band frequency‐selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses with associated dephasing gradients is presented. By optimizing the nutation angles of the individual pulses, the water and lipid suppression is made insensitive to a range of both T1‐relaxation times and B1 inhomogeneities. The method consists only of preparatory RF pulses and thus can be combined with a wide variety of MRSI schemes including both long and short TE studies. Simulations yield suppression factors, in the presence of ±20% B1 inhomogeneity, on the order of 100 for lipid peaks with three different T1s (300 ms, 310 ms, and 360 ms), and water peaks with T1s ranging from 0.8 s to 4 s. Excellent in vivo study performance is demonstrated using a 3 Tesla volumetric proton spectroscopic imaging (1H‐MRSI) sequence for measuring the primary brain metabolites peaks of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA). Magn Reson Med 61:462–466, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.