bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilateral Well Leg Re-Entry Made Possible With a Unique Coiled Tubing Downhole Tool
Authors: Lambert M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In recent years, new drilling technologies have changed the traditional well profile to increase field productivity. The majority of new wells now being drilled have one or more horizontal legs in order to maximize the drilled hole interface with the rock formation, thereby increasing production from a single wellhead. New techniques to manage and service these wells have also emerged, however, re-entry into open hole or uncontrolled multilateral junctions can be difficult.
A new coil tubing tool or lateral entry guidance system has been developed to help locate and steer into these multiple completions. The tool uses a unique methodology for use with standard coil tubing to gain access into lateral legs. No special electrical conduits are required to operate the tool and tool function is automatic when downhole. A precise series of pressures and flow rates from a surface pump are the only requirement to operate the tool. The tool can deliver most stimulation fluids directly via the coiled tubing or piggyback other coil tubing tools.
Integration of Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling Services to Improve Efficiency and Value
Authors: Thatcher Darren A. A. , Szutiak Greg A. , Lemay Marc M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Although Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling has proven advantageous in reducing formation damage, increasing penetration rates, and potentially eliminating well stimulation treatments it is still regarded as one of the higher risk service operations being performed in the world today. Some operators who have utilized Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling previously site that unreliable downhole tools, long rig-up times, and hole cleaning issues contribute to higher costs and unacceptable risks involved with this application. In order to maximize the advantages of Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling and minimize the perceived risks, careful assessment and close scrutiny of each aspect of the operation must be carried out.
This paper outlines the planning and execution responsibilities of two companies working synergistically to provide an operator with their expertise in each area of service. Contracting integrated work-over services for a Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling project on a well where previous drilling operations had failed was felt necessary by the well operator to maximize the wells potential, increase the probability of success, and minimize the risk involved. Well history of the previous drilling attempts, pre-job planning and engineering, equipment and tool specifications, operational execution, and benefits achieved through an integrated approach are discussed. The results of the drilling operation and suggested improvements of the integrated service approach are also reviewed.
Rotation of Coiled-Tubing
Authors: Newman Ken , Stein David , Ackers Mick 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
It has long been known that CT rotates during its life because the orientation of the seam weld at the end of the CT varies. This rotation changes the bending plane and thus the fatigue life of the CT. None of the current CT fatigue and deformation (elongation and diametrical growth) prediction models considers this rotation.
An experimental rotational-orientation measuring device (ROMD) was developed to measure the rotational orientation of the seam weld as the CT runs in and out of the hole. This device was used to record the rotation of CT strings in various applications. Results from these runs are presented.
The affects of rotation on fatigue life are quantified using an existing fatigue model. Some fatigue test results are presented in which the CT was rotated between bends. Both the modeling results and the experimental results show that the fatigue life increases due to rotation.
New Cutting Structure Design Improves the Performance of the PDC Bit
Authors: Sun Mingguang , Zhang Yunlian , Yang Yukun , Huangtao _ , Zhao Jinhai 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The conventional PDC bits have seldom been successfully used in the inter-bedded formation since Shengli Oilfield was discovered in 1964. The inter-bedded formation contains hard dolomite, limestone stringers, abrasive sands etc. In this kind of formation, rocks alter between soft and hard quite frequently. Cutters of the PDC bit are prone to damage because of bit vibrations while drilling.
This paper studies the characteristic of the inter-bedded formation in Shengli oilfield, analysis the damage reason of PDC cutters, presents a new method of cutting structure design and describes the work principle of it. According to the new design method, a new PDC bit with new cutting structure is developed, in which two or three types of cutter are arranged on each blade. These cutters are arranged in special way to protect each other while drilling, and then extends the bit life.
In field tests, the new designed PDC bit was successfully used in inter-bedded formation drilling. Comparing with conventional roller cone bit(or PDC bit) used in same intervals, drilling footage of new designed bit increases by more than one time and ROP increases by 30-70%. Economic benefits have been achieved. The new designed bit is being widely used in Shengli Oilfield.
Successful Sandstone Acid Design Case Histories: Exceptions to Conventional Wisdom
Authors: Kalfayan L. J. , Services B J , Metcalf A. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The most common purpose of sandstone matrix acidizing is removal of siliceous particles such as formation clay, feldspar, and quartz fines that are restricting near wellbore permeability, plugging perforations or gravel packs. This is accomplished with injection of acid formulations containing hydrofluoric (HF) acid or its precursors, as HF is the only common acid that dissolves siliceous particles sufficiently. Such plugging particles may be naturally occurring or may have been introduced into the formation during well operations. The formation damage such particles can cause may occur during any well operation, including drilling, completion, workover, stimulation, and production. HF acid reaction in sandstones is rapid, therefore only matrix formation damage very near the wellbore can be expected to be treated effectively. Nevertheless, removal of near-wellbore formation damage can result in several-fold increases in well productivity. However, the risk of failure is fairly high.
Beginning with the groundbreaking work of McLeod1, sandstone acidizing guidelines based on mineralogy and permeability considerations have been developed and expanded in recent years, sometimes in the interest of increasing the frequency of treatment success. Selected acid types and concentrations, in particular, are now often based on such guidelines. HF acid guidelines can be useful in providing a starting point in the treatment design process. However, indiscriminate reliance on them can still lead to disappointing results. Reliance on such guidelines alone violates their original intent, and diminishes their meaning.
This paper presents case studies in which successful sandstone acidizing treatment designs were unexpectedly out of step with conventional guidelines which did, however, provide meaningful starting points in acid selection in some cases. Successful treatment procedures were instead developed from diagnosis of formation damage contributors, evaluation of production and stimulation histories, and a philosophy of flexibility and continuous improvement in stimulation procedures and execution practices. Case examples include well and field-wide treatments conducted in North America, South America, and the Far East.
Structured Approach to Advanced Candidate Selection and Treatment Design of Stimulation Treatments
Authors: Nitters Gerrit , Roodhart Leo , Jongma Hans , Yeager Valerie , Buijse Marten , Fulton Dwight , Dahl Jeff , Jantz Eric 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Because many oilfield workers see matrix treatments of wells as a low-tech operation, they often fail to pay attention to candidate selection and treatment design. This lack of attention may have led to the relatively low success rate of these treatments. A 1997 survey in a major oil company indicated that one out of every three to four jobs fails to produce more oil or gas after the treatment. This failure represents a loss to the company of over $10 million (U.S.), plus a missed extra production capacity of nearly 40,000 BOPD. The probable main cause for this poor performance is the lack of a structured approach to the following: selecting the right candidate wells and the appropriate treatmentdefining and implementing a structured treatment design procedure
To improve the situation, a task force investigated the problem and mapped out a total process, which consists of the following steps: A candidate well is selected by comparing its actual performance against its theoretical potential. Then, the source of poor performance is identified, if applicable. Based on this information, the treatment type can be identified and designed, ultimately resulting in an operational stimulation program.
The task force concluded that individual pieces of design software and some design rules existed for many elements, but they lacked an integrated overall approach. The team decided to create a software package by integrating "fuzzy" rules with appropriate mathematical models to guide field engineers through the individual design steps in a consistent, structured manner. This paper describes various elements of the integrated software package that was designed to meet these needs.
The Fifth SPE Colloquium on Petroleum Engineering Education - An Industry Perspective
Authors: Kazemi H. , Lee W. John , Blasingame Thomas A. , Alman Rex , Bassiouni Zaki , Bowman Charles H. , Eustes Alfred W. , Green Don W. , Heinze Lloyd R. , Horne Roland N. , Judah Janeen , Miller Mark A. , Numbere Daopu T. , Prado Mauricio G. , Tiedemann Herb 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Fifth SPE Colloquium on Petroleum Engineering Education (CPEE),, held 23–28 July 2000, was a very successful gathering of educators, technical leaders, engineers, and scientists from academia, industry, and government. The purpose was to address the critical issue of industry-university-government partnership in education, technology development, and technology transfer. The ultimate goal was to identify ways to develop the engineers and technology that the industry will need for the future.
This paper reports the consensus of the Colloquium pertaining to: 1) the industry's current expectations for new petroleum engineering graduates (B.S., M.S., and Ph.D.) and 2) the future of research and development (R&D) activity in academia.
Other subjects such as petroleum engineering education, curricula, technology transfer, and ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) issues are presented in a companion paper.
In the context of this paper, academia refers to the U.S. petroleum engineering schools, and industry means the upstream segment of the U.S. petroleum industry. While this presentation has a U.S. framework, some findings may certainly apply globally elsewhere.
Sand Production Prediction of Weizhou12-1 Oilfield in Beibu Gulf in South China Sea
Authors: Wang Pingshuang , Zhou Jianliang , Li Ming 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Sand production is a serious problem widely existing in oil/gas production. Most of the China offshore oil field belongs to unconsolidated sand reservoir, in which there exist various degrees of sand production. At present, sand production prediction methods often used in China are Modulus Method, by which a qualitative conclusion can be obtained that weather oil well produced sand or not, but using the method, the critical drawdown pressure without sand could not be gotten. Weizhou 12–1 oilfield is located Beibu Gulf of South China Sea, the rocks of the payzone are situated between unconsolidated and consolidated, The well depth is about 2500m to 3100m. During DST operation for W12–1-2 well and W12–1-3 well, some sands were found in the surface oil /gas separator (taken half volume of the separator). It is difficult to make decision yes or no to sand control.
The authors collected the information of the oilfield (logging data, cores, DST etc.), done rock strength test in various conditions (unconfined strength, tri-axial strength, formation water soak), set a sand production prediction system to predict sand potential of Weizhou 12–1 oilfield, and gave the quantification data for critical differential pressure without sand, suggested the well completion method in final.
Composition Features of Bitumens Taken from the Productive Oil Beds of the Devonian and Carboniferous Deposits of Tatarstan’s Fields
Authors: Ganeeva Yu. M. , Yusupova T. N. , Petrova L. M. , Foss T. R. , Romanov G. V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The complex study of the bitumens of productive oil beds of Devonian and Carboniferous deposits of Tatarstan’s fields have been made.
In hydrocarbon composition of bitumens the absence of alkanes less than C15 both normal and an isoprenoid structure is observed. The higher degree of isoprenoid alkanes contents reduction right up to complete disappearance at broader exchange with environment was found that is indicative of oxidative nature of a bitumens formation. The bitumens composition differs from residual oil one by increased content of asphaltenes. Besides, a process of oil component transformation is accompanied by forming the structures like carbene and carboid types, which depending on conditions of oxidation can be connected with asphaltene particles of bitumen but can fall out as a separate phase on the rocks.
Thus, the complex studies of bitumin-containing rocks and bitumens of productive oil beds shown that the main processes of bitumen formation are oxidation, multiphase filling of deposit and resin-asphaltene components accumulation at break of deposit impermeability. In each specific event the prevailing processes of bitumen formation are characterized.
Discussions of Supplementary Decision Technology of HSE Management in Petroleum Drilling Engineering
Authors: Chen Wanggen , Zhang Yongjian , Zhao Hongzhi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Applying modern safety management method such as safety system engineering theory and decision support technology, and combining with the actual problem, we build the HSE management and supplementary decision method on the base of HSE information management by means of the system safety evaluation, index predication and accident model identification technology of petroleum drilling. The paper only discussed the basic thinking, principle and relevant problems.
The Comprehensive Determination Technique and Application of Remaining Oil in Complex Miniature Fault Block Reservoir
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Liqin , Wang Shen , Yang Gao 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The causes of remaining oil in complex miniature fault block reservoir arevery complicated. On the basis of analysis of remaining oil determinationtechnique at home and abroad, this paper presented 14 determination methods in6 categories and formed the technique complex to determinate remaining oil forfavorable oil bearing structure and developed reservoir by combining thedynamic and static characteristics, macro and micro scales, resolved thedifficult problem of interpretation and transverse prediction of internalmicro-fault in complex fracture zone, coning body in strongly water floodedmicro-reservoir, lateral drilling in casing pipe with slim hole andmulti-target in a single well. This paper also determinate the remaining oildistribution in 8 reservoirs including Yaotan, Caoshe, Xi'nanzhuang etc. Aftertesting in Yaotan and Xi'nanzhuang reservoir, 23.34t/d and 21.32t/d oil rateare obtained in assigned remaining oil area and in strongly water floodedmember one section of Dainan formation in Caoshe oilfield. By usingCO2 huff and puff, water production was reduced and oil increased.
An Integrated Approach to Marginal Field Development: Case History from the Gulf of Suez
Authors: Hassan A. , Elshahawi H. , Gad K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The development of marginal oil fields is becoming progressively more important in mature oil provinces. The integrated application of the latest oil field technology has helped to make such development not only technically feasible, but also economically attractive. The Younis field operated by the Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO) is a marginal field made economical through an integrated development strategy that employs cutting edge technology. The success of this strategy represents the culmination of the multi-disciplinary efforts of geologists and geophysicists, reservoir and production specialists, operations and production engineers, as well as the various service companies involved. The technologies applied include the following: Application of 3-D seismic techniques for reservoir delineationInfill drilling of water injectors as well as new producers to improve the oil sweep efficiency.Use of gravel packs in both injectors and producers in order to minimize sand migration.One of the world’s first examples of the successful use of extreme overbalance techniques in high permeability reservoirs for more effective gravel pack placement.The world’s first use of coiled tubing pipelines to feed the field with gas for artificial lift and water for injection.The combined use of reservoir saturation and production logging measurements to monitor water front advancement and thus enable proper management of the water injection project.
Throughout, an integrated approach and a disciplined project plan have been essential for maintaining a cost effective and timely execution. Results have clearly illustrated the success of this approach, leading to a doubling of the oil production rate as well as the proven field reserves. This paper reviews the above mentioned applications and highlights the seamless integration of the efforts of various departments and multidisciplinary teams.
Experimental Evidences for the Mobility of Weak Gel in the Porous Media
Authors: Shen Pingping , Han Dong , Li Wei , Shiyi Yuan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The flow behaviors and displacement results of low concentration weak gel (LCWG) formed by polyacrylamide – organic chelate Cr(III) were carefully studies by using a series of sand packs. The results show that the flowing behavior of LCWG in porous media is quite different from that of plugging agent and polymer solution, and demonstrates the flowing capability in certain extent. During the test of the three-layer heterogeneous artificial model, the injection pressure vibrated with the oil production simultaneously. It shows that the flowing gel plugged new breakthrough of brine. It is evident that LCWG could flow with water slowly. The flowing pattern of LCWG could be described by three parameters of the resistance factor, maximum resistance factor and the residual resistance factor. The swept volume could be enlarged and the heterogeneity of internal layers could be modified by the injection LCWG after both water flooding and polymer flooding. The magnitudes of incremental recovery for LCWG injection after water flooding and polymer flooding are 10 and 20% respectively.
Continued and Efficient Development of Cainan Oilfield
Authors: Xingxun Li , Nan Shen , Yong Chen , Wu Zhang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Based on automatic advantages and thorough research of Cainan reservoir with advanced techniques, production technique policies and measurements of maintaining production suitable for Cainan reservoir characteristics were applied to two set pay zones of the oilfield, which made the oilfield with low-extra-low permeability keep production stable for eight years by production ratio of 0.3 percent more than the program, and created great economic profit. The average water cut increasing ratio was brought under control, less than 2.1 percent; the degree of keeping formation pressure was more than 80 percent of the original reservoir pressure. It was predicted that the reservoir could be kept production stable until the year 2003 by production ratio determined by the program. At present, accumulative production oil volume of Cainan oilfield is 10 million tons, production operation cost is 80–95¥ RMB per ton, accumulative profit reaches 10 billion ¥ RMB which is more than six times the total investment of the oilfield.
Slag MTC Techniques Slove Cementing Problems in Complex Wells
Authors: Song Mingquan , Wang Wenli , Ma Kaihua 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Slag MTC is a unique cementing technique that drilling fluid is converted to cement slurry with the addition of blast furnace slag. By controlling slag activating speed and colloid content in MTC slurry, Slag MTC not only has the properties which meet the requirements of normal cementing jobs, but also shows the advantages slurry in rheology, transition time of static gel strength, settlement stability, volume shrinkage and compatibility with drilling fluid. After using slag MTC in 130 wells, we can say this technique not only can get good quality of cement job in normal wells but also is very useful for solving the problems of gas migration in high pressure well and poor quality in small clearance in directional wells and lost circulation in low pressure well. 100% of cement job were successful among these 130 wells.
The authors described the advantages of this technique in solving cement problems of complex wells and analyzed the properties of slag MTC. Three cementing cases in typical wells are presented.
Analysis of Oil Field Economic Performance
Authors: Macary S. M. , A/Razek M. , El-Gohary H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Nowadays, economics control any of decision making and future projection. For the last two decades, energy supply has suffered from a series of oil crises. This makes reservoir and production engineers directing their attention to study the economic performance of oil fields. This was and still accompanied by the need to update reserves and develop producing fields at a fair investment and good revenues The present work investigates the integration of cost data with operational, reservoir and financial information. Engineering and financial groups paid a great effort to unitize both engineering and financial views, regarding the definitions and classification of cost elements. The study deals with the data of one production unit, that is El-Morgan-36 Platform, as it is the greatest complex in The Gulf of Suez. The paper presents a definition for Economic Limit of production rate and a method for its estimation in the light of fixed costs and water oil ratio sensitivities. Historical data of cost and prices are used to predict future performance of both factors considering their interaction, which in conjunction with the production forecast portrays a dynamic value of economic limit forecast. The major advantage of this method of economic analysis performance is that it makes the process of economic limit evaluation to be easier and quick for engineers.
Moreover, the study, for the first time, enables the production report to have cost elements of the production units (wells, platforms, formations, and fields). In addition, the paper presents a prototype example of net cash flow calculations performed for an actual case of East Tanka-A project. The evaluation of workover success is also included.