bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cochrane Library and sickle cell disease: an overview of reviews
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Harvey Krystal , Stobart Kent 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease is a genetically inherited red blood cell disorder which features pain as a predominant manifestation.ObjectivesTo review the evidence within Cochrane systematic reviews on the management of pain associated with vaso‐occlusive crises and priapism secondary to sickle cell disease in paediatric populations.MethodsThe Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was searched for all reviews that addressed interventions to relieve pain associated with sickle cell disease. Reviews that primarily addressed the reduction of sickle cell crises were excluded. Data were extracted from included reviews.ResultsThree reviews were included. One review examined pharmacological interventions to relieve pain associated with vaso‐occlusive pain crises. One trial in children reported a significant reduction in VAS scores associated with ketorolac administration versus pethidine, but another trial performed in adults showed no significant reduction in VAS scores when ketorolac was compared to placebo. Two trials found that parenterally delivered corticosteroids reduced the length of analgesic therapy compared to placebo, and another trial found that there was no difference in the pain scores of children when morphine was delivered either parenterally or orally. Two trials reported on long‐term psychological interventions to manage pain. One found that coping skills training in children resulted in a reduction in the tendency to report pain, while the other trial found that cognitive behavioural therapy in adolescents and adults resulted in a decrease in the emotional component of pain but not the sensory component. One review addressed the treatment of stuttering priapism in boys and men using stilboestrol, but included an insufficient number of patients to draw a conclusion.Authors' ConclusionsPharmacological interventions to treat vaso‐occlusive pain crises show mixed results in the use of ketorolac and no difference between parenteral versus oral administration of morphine. Psychological interventions for vaso‐occlusive crises demonstrated benefit in improving some components of pain. Evidence regarding treatment of priapism was weak. Further studies should employ multi‐centre trials and begin to address generalisability concerns by more focus in Africa, where the majority of patients with sickle cell disease reside. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Alkylmagnesium Complexes with the Rigid dpp‐bian Ligand {dpp‐bian = 1,2‐Bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene}
Authors: Fedushkin Igor L. , Morozov Alexander G. , Hummert Markus , Schumann Herbert 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe reactions between equimolar amounts of (dpp‐bian)Na(Et2O)x (1) {dpp‐bian = 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene} and MeMgBr, EtMgBr and Me3SiCH2MgCl in Et2O afford the corresponding alkylmagnesium complexes [(dpp‐bian)MgMe]2 (2), (dpp‐bian)MgEt(Et2O) (3) and (dpp‐bian)MgCH2SiMe3(Et2O) (4), respectively. Compound 2 and tBuOH react with elimination of methane and the formation of [(dpp‐bian)MgOtBu]2 (5). Compounds 2–5, all of which contain the dpp‐bian ligand in its radical monoanionic form, were characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Molecular structure determination revealed that the magnesium atoms in 2–5 are four‐coordinate. The magnesium atoms of complexes 2 and 5 reach the coordination number four by dimerisation through bridging Me and tBuO groups, respectively, whereas compounds 3 and 4 reach it by coordination of one molecule of diethyl ether.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Different Morphological Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials as Fluorescent Chemosensors and Adsorbents for CuII Ions
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Bae Doo Ri , Han Won Seok , Lee Shim Sung , Jung Jong Hwa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFunctionalized silica nanotubes (FSNT), functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS), and functionalized silica nanoparticles (FSNP‐15) with an immobilized phenanthroline moiety as a fluorescent receptor were fabricated by a sol–gel reaction, and their binding abilities with metal ions were evaluated by fluorophotometry in water/acetonitrile (8:2, v/v) at pH 7. They selectively recognized Cu2+ ions among other metal cations such as Co2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Ag+, Pb2+, and Zn2+, because the Cu2+ ion selectively binds to the nitrogen atoms of the phenanthroline moiety. Among the three silica nanomaterials with the immobilized receptor 1, the sensitivity of FSNT for Cu2+ ions is better than those of FMS and FSNP‐15, indicating that the adsorption capacity for metal ions is dependent on the shape and surface area of the supporting nanomaterials. FSNT (10 mg) adsorb 75 % of the Cu2+ ions (2.0 × 10–4 mM) while FSNP‐15 (10 mg) adsorb only 36 %. The detection limit of FSNT for Cu2+ ions was ca. 3.0 × 10–8 M. FSNT and FMS can be easily renewed by treatment with a solution of HCl and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties of New Chalcogen‐Bridged Heterodimetallic Cluster Compounds with Heterocubane Structure
Authors: Bechlars Bettina , Issac Ibrahim , Feuerhake Robert , Clérac Rodolphe , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe reaction of nickel, iron and cobalt complexes with MCl5 (M = Nb, Ta) and silylated chalcogen compounds in the presence of phosphane ligands yield the cluster compounds [Nb2Ni2S4Cl4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (1), [Nb2Ni2Se4Cl4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (2), [Ta2Ni2S4Br4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (3), [Ta2Ni2Se4Br4(PPh3)2(CH3CN)2] (4), [Ni3S2(PMe3)6][Ta3NiS4(PMe3)4Cl6]2 (5), [Fe(dppm)2(CH3CN)2][NbFe3S4Cl3(dppm)(CH3CN)]2 (6) [dppm = (diphenylphosphanyl)methane], [Fe(dppm)2(CH3CN)2][TaFe3S4Cl3(dppm)(CH3CN)]2 (7), [FeCl(dppmSe)2][TaFe3Se4Cl3(dppm)(CH3CN)] (8) and [NbCo3Se4(PPh3)3(CH3CN)3][CoCl3(PPh3)] (9). The compounds (Et4N)3[NbFe2S4(SPh)4] (10) and (Et4N)3[NbFe2Se4(SPh)4] (11) were obtained by treating (Et4N)2[Fe(SPh)4] with Li3NbE4 (E = S, Se). (Et4N)3[Nb2Fe6S8(SPh)9] (12) was synthesized by adding FeCl2 to compound 10 used as starting material. (Et4N)3[Nb2Fe6Se8(SePh)9] (13) (which is isostructural to 12) was synthesized by treating FeCl2 with NaSetBu, NbCl5 and PhSeSiMe3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Isolation of an Intermediate in the Platination of p‐Nitroacetophenone 4‐Methylthiosemicarbazone: Potential Application as an Antitumor Drug
Authors: Quiroga Adoración G. , Cubo Leticia , Miguel Pablo J. Sanz , Moneo Victoria , Carnero Amancio , Navarro‐Ranninger Carmen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe investigation of the formation and reactivity of Pd and Pt thiosemicarbazone complexes has revealed an unstudied intermediate derived from p‐nitroacetophenone 4‐methylthiosemicabazone (L1H2). The L1H2 ligand leads to a new complex [Pt(L1)(L1H2)] that supports the postulated mechanism of how cyclometallation reactions take place. All the newly synthesized complexes, [(Pd(L1)4], [(Pt(L1)4], and [Pt(L1)(L1H2)] (3), have been characterized and tested against MCF7, SF268, and NCI H460 cell lines. The crystal structure of [Pt(L1)(L1H2)]·dmso is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Oxa‐Pictet–Spengler Reaction: A Highlight on the Different Efficiency between Isochroman and Phthalan or Homoisochroman Derivative Syntheses
Authors: Guiso Marcella , Betrow Abduelhakem , Marra Carolina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRecently we reported that 6‐hydroxy‐ and 6,7‐dihydroxyisochromans can be obtained under very mild conditions and with very good yield by a one‐pot synthesis based on a modified oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction. In this paper, we demonstrate that the above reaction is also useful for the synthesis of hydroxyphthalans, and we discuss the effects of the substituents on the alcoholic aromatic ring on the course of the reaction, as well as those on the aldehydic structure. We also report a synthesis of hydroxyhomoisochromans performed by the same method. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Novel Angular Heterocyclic Lignans by an InCl3‐Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐Type Cyclization
Authors: Dorbec Matthieu , Florent Jean‐Claude , Monneret Claude , Rager Marie‐Noëlle , Fosse Céline , Bertounesque Emmanuel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of a 1‐aryltetralin privileged structure‐based library of novel angular heterocyclic lignans is described. Indolotetralins 3, tetrahydroquinolinotetralins 4, and thiochromanotetralins 5 were obtained from the methyl ester of thuriferic acid 2 according to a three‐step procedure involving an InCl3‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐type cyclization as the key step.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of an Oxazole–Pyrrole–Piperazine Scaffold as an α‐Helix Mimetic
Authors: Moisan Lionel , Odermatt Severin , Gombosuren Naran , Carella Alexandre , Rebek Julius 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of nonpeptidic α‐helix mimetics based on a tricyclic oxazole–pyrrole–piperazine scaffold is described. The scaffold presents both a hydrophobic surface for recognition and a hydrophilic edge that enhances solubility. The synthesis is highly modular and allows the targeting of a range of protein–protein interactions involving α‐helices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reaction of Thiolesters with Nitrogen Ylides
Authors: Voltrova Svatava , Srogl Jiri 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe pairing of unstabilized nitrogen ylides generated in situ with functionalized thiolesters under ambient conditions resulted in a new intramolecular carbon–carbon bond forming reaction. The scope of the reaction was illustrated with a series of substituted thiolester substrates. This reaction represents a new method for the synthesis of 2‐substituted tetrahydrothienyl compounds through a unique 1,2‐thiolate shift. Whereas nitrogen ylides have been used in synthesis previously, very few examples exist in which unstabilized nitrogen ylides have been utilized in synthetically meaningful transformations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Novel Macrolactam and Macroketone Analogues of Migrastatin from D‐Glucal and Comparison with Macrolactone and Acyclic Analogues: A Dorrigocin A Congener Is a Potent Inhibitor of Gastric Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Anquetin Guillaume , Horgan Gareth , Rawe Sarah , Murray David , Madden Aideen , MacMathuna Padraic , Doran Peter , Murphy Paul V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNovel macrolactam and macroketone analogues of the migrastatin macrolide core have been synthesised from tri‐O‐acetyl‐D‐glucal in order to facilitate structure‐activity studies. The Horner olefination, followed by ring‐closing metathesis were key steps in the synthesis of the macroketone. The ability of the macroketone and macrolactam derivatives to inhibit the migration of gastric tumour cells as determined using a transwell migration assay were compared with macrolactone analogues and dorrigocin A analogues. One dorrigocin A congener was the most potent inhibitor of gastric cancer cell migration.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biased assimilation: the role of source position
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Fischer Peter , Frey Dieter , Schulz‐Hardt Stefan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBiased assimilation is the tendency to evaluate belief‐consistent information more positively than belief‐inconsistent information. Previous research has demonstrated that biased assimilation is due to an inconsistency between an argument and the recipient's position toward this argument. The present research revealed that an inconsistency between a source's position (independently of the argument) and the recipient's position is also responsible for biased assimilation. In two studies, participants evaluated arguments stated by a politician. Party affiliation of the politician was correctly labeled, incorrectly labeled, or not labeled. The politicians' arguments were evaluated more favorably by their respective voters when party affiliation was correctly labeled. This biased evaluation diminished when party affiliation was not labeled and even slightly reversed when party affiliation was incorrectly labeled. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social ostracism and group motivation gain
Authors: Kerr Norbert L. , Seok Dong‐Heon , Poulsen Joan R. , Harris David W. , Messé Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThere is considerable evidence from the social loafing literature that groups can often undermine task motivation (relative to comparable individual performers). There is less but growing evidence that under the appropriate conditions, working in a group can have the opposite effect and actually produce a motivation gain. Little is known about how such motivation losses and gains are affected by the social relationships among group members. The present experiment examined the effect of being ostracized by one's work partner on the Köhler motivation gain (which occurs when less able team members work harder under conjunctive group task demands than when working individually). Such ostracism attenuated but did not eliminate the Köhler motivation gain. Ostracism only had such a moderating effect when participants worked in a group, not under comparable coactive work conditions. It is argued that social ostracism can undermine group members' concern for group success or for protecting their reputation in the group without affecting the social comparison processes that also contribute to the Köhler effect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left–right ideological differences in system justification following exposure to complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars
Authors: Kay Aaron C. , Czapliński Szymon , Jost John T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe capacity for victim‐derogating stereotypes and attributions to justify social inequality and maintain the status quo is well known among social scientists and other observers. Research conducted from the perspective of system justification theory suggests that an alternative to derogation is to justify inequality through the use of complementary stereotypes that ascribe compensating benefits and burdens to disadvantaged and advantaged groups, respectively. In two experimental studies conducted in Poland we investigated the hypothesis that preferences for these two routes to system justification would depend upon one's political orientation. That is, we predicted that the system‐justifying potential of complementary versus noncomplementary stereotype exemplars would be moderated by individual differences in left–right ideology, such that left‐wingers would exhibit stronger support for the societal status quo following exposure to complementary (e.g., “poor but happy,” “rich but miserable”) representations, whereas right‐wingers would exhibit stronger support for the status quo following exposure to noncomplementary (e.g., “poor and dishonest,” “rich and honest”) representations. Results were supportive of these predictions. Implications for theory and practice concerning stereotyping, ideology, and system justification are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Identity affirmation and social movement support
Authors: Simon Bernd , Trötschel Roman , Dähne Dorit 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIdentity Affirmation and Social Movement Support By Bernd Simon, Roman Trötschel and Dorit Dähne.The above article (DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.473) was published online in Early View on 6 November 2007.On page 7 of the initial online publication of this article, the first subheading was incorrect.The correct first subheading is reproduced below:Manipulation Checks and Dependent Variable
Hysteretic model development and seismic response of unbonded post‐tensioned precast CFT segmental bridge columns
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Hsu Chih‐Po 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe study investigated the cyclic behavior of unbonded, post‐tensioned, precast concrete‐filled tube segmental bridge columns by loading each specimen twice. Moreover, a stiffness‐degrading flag‐shaped (SDFS) hysteretic model was developed based on self‐centering and stiffness‐degrading behaviors. The proposed model overcomes the deficiency of cyclic behavior prediction using a FS model, which self‐centers with fixed elastic and inelastic stiffnesses. Experimental and analytical results showed that (1) deformation capabilities of the column under the first and second cyclic tests were similar; however, energy dissipation capacities significantly differed from each other, and (2) the SDFS model predicted the cyclic response of the column better than the FS model. Inelastic time‐history analyses were performed to demonstrate the dynamic response variability of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system using both models. A parametric study, performed on SDOF systems subjected to eight historical earthquakes, showed that increased displacement ductility demand was significant for structures with a low period and low‐to‐medium yield strength ratio and reduced displacement ductility demand in these systems was effectively attained by increasing energy dissipation capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of groundwater flow on meandering; example from the Geul River, The Netherlands
Authors: van Balen R. T. , Kasse C. , De Moor J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Geul River, located in the south‐eastern part of The Netherlands, is a meandering river with a planform shape characterized by large loops consisting of multiple bends. We evaluate the effect(s) of groundwater flow on the shapes of meanders as a possible explanation for the multi‐bend loops, using a combined meandering–groundwater computer model. In the model seeping groundwater enhances bank erodibility.Based on the simulation results, we present a conceptual, generalized model for groundwater–meandering interaction, based on wavelength selection and fixation effects. Wavelength selection occurs because of the positive feedback between growing meander bends and groundwater flow patterns and velocities. The promoted wavelengths have the same spatial scale as the groundwater flow system in the aquifer underlying the floodplain. In the case of the Geul River these wavelengths are of the order of 100 m. Since groundwater flow velocities are largest close to the recharging hill‐slopes, the seepage‐enhanced bank erodibilities are at a maximum near the floodplain limits. At these locations the difference in erodibility between banks facing the floodplain and those facing the hill slopes is large, so it is difficult for the river to migrate away from the floodplain limits. This causes long stretches of the river to be aligned along the floodplain limits, which we term a fixation effect. This mechanism best explains the multi‐bend loops of the Geul River.The general interaction between groundwater flow and meandering is site specific since it depends on climatic, fluvial and hydrogeological parameters. The Geul is characterized by a wide floodplain and steep hill‐slopes, and it is underlain by coarse‐grained deposits with good aquifer properties, favoring an important groundwater system. Since this kind of river frequently occurs, our results could apply to many other river systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian flows in compliant vessels
Authors: Lukáčová‐Medviďová M. , Zaušková A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present recent results on numerical modelling of non‐Newtonian flow in two‐dimensional compliant vessels with application in hemodynamics. We consider two models of the shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian fluids and compare them with the Newtonian model. For the structure problem, the generalized string equation for radial symmetric tubes is used and extended to a stenosed vessel. A global iterative approach is used to approximate the fluid–structure interaction. At the end we present numerical experiments for selected non‐Newtonian models, comparisons with the Newtonian model and the hemodynamic wall parameters: the wall shear stress and the oscillatory stress index. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conservative unstructured scheme for rapidly varied flows
Authors: Kramer Stephan C. , Stelling Guus S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article introduces a new semi‐implicit, staggered finite volume scheme on unstructured meshes for the modelling of rapidly varied shallow water flows. Rapidly varied flows occur in the inundation of dry land during flooding situations. They typically involve bores and hydraulic jumps after obstacles such as road banks. Near such sudden flow transitions, the grid resolution is often low compared with the gradients of the bathymetry. Locally the hydrostatic pressure assumption may become invalid. In these situations, it is crucial to apply the correct conservation properties to obtain accurate results. An important feature of this scheme is therefore its ability to conserve momentum locally or, by choice, preserve constant energy head along a streamline. This is achieved using a special interpolation method and control volumes for momentum.The efficiency of inundation calculations with locally very high velocities, and in the case of unstructured meshes locally very small grid distances, is severely hampered by the Courant condition. This article provides a solution in the form of a locally implicit time integration for the advective terms that allows for an explicit calculation in most of the domain, while maintaining unconditional stability by implicit calculations only where necessary.The complex geometry of flooded urban areas asks for the flexibility of unstructured meshes. The efficient calculation of the pressure gradient in this, and other semi‐implicit staggered schemes, requires, however, an orthogonality condition to be put on the grid. In this article a simple method is introduced to generate unstructured hybrid meshes that fulfil this requirement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining CVFEM and meshless front tracking in Hele–Shaw mold filling simulation
Authors: Estacio K. C. , Nonato L. G. , Mangiavacchi N. , Carey G. F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this work, a generalized Hele–Shaw approach is developed for non‐isothermal, non‐Newtonian and inelastic flows arising in injection molding. The advancing free surface of the injected fluid is predicted by a novel meshless front‐tracking method coupled to control volume finite element solution for the pressure. A modified Cross constitutive model with Arrhenius temperature dependence is employed to describe the viscosity of the melt and the temperature field is solved by a semi‐Lagrangian scheme with a finite volume method. The utility of the combined algorithm is demonstrated for a test problem that has complex ‘obstacles’ in the mold interior. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved meshing method for shape optimization of aerodynamic profiles using genetic algorithms
Authors: López D. , Angulo C. , Macareno L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOne of the basic problems in fluid dynamics shape optimization is mesh generation. When analysis is performed using the finite element method, meshes of sufficient quality need to be constructed automatically. This work presents a structured meshing procedure that creates subdomains for generating good quality structured meshes in critical flow regions around aerodynamic profiles. Techniques of this nature enable other kinds of problems and geometries to be tackled. To demonstrate its capacity, it was applied to a straightforward shape optimization problem in fluid dynamics via genetic algorithms (GAs), including a preliminary efficiency study for different GA parameter combinations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.