bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic and vesicular co‐localization of the glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Herzog Etienne , Takamori Shigeo , Jahn Reinhard , Brose Nils , Wojcik Sonja M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractVesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are essential to glutamatergic synapses and determine the glutamatergic phenotype of neurones. The three known VGLUT isoforms display nearly identical uptake characteristics, but the associated expression domains in the adult rodent brain are largely segregated. Indeed, indirect evidence obtained in young VGLUT1‐deficient mice indicated that in cells that co‐express VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, the transporters may be targeted to different synaptic vesicles, which may populate different types of synapses formed by the same neurone. Direct evidence for a systematic segregation of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 to distinct synapses and vesicles is lacking, and the mechanisms that may convey this segregation are not known. We show here that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are co‐localized in many layers of the young hippocampus. Strikingly, VGLUT2 co‐localizes with VGLUT1 in the mossy fibers at early stages. Furthermore, we show that a fraction of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 is carried by the same vesicles at these stages. Hence, hippocampal neurones co‐expressing VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 do not appear to sort them to separate vesicle pools. As the number of transporter molecules per vesicle affects quantal size, the developmental window where VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are co‐expressed may allow for greater plasticity in the control of quantal release.
Isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci for the study of gene flow between Testudo marginata and Testudo weissingeri (Testudines: Testudinidae)
Authors: PEREZ MELANIE , BOUR ROGER , LAMBOURDIERE JOSIE , SAMADI SARAH , BOISSELIER MARIE‐CATHERINE 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe taxonomic status of the Greek Testudo species, marginated tortoise (Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1793) and dwarf marginated tortoise (Testudo weissingeri Bour, 1995), is controversed. In order to study the gene flow among these Greek Testudo species, eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were characterized and screened for 32 individuals. The number of alleles observed per locus ranged from two to 19. Observed heterozygosities varied from 0.235 to 0.830. These microsatellite loci were also successfully tested on seven closely related species of Testudinidae. This set of microsatellites offers an efficient tool to investigate genetic differentiation among testudinid species.
Characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci from Ampelomyces quisqualis, intracellular mycoparasite and biocontrol agent of powdery mildew
Authors: HARVEY N. G. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Ampelomyces spp. are common intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildews worldwide and a strain has been commercialized as a biocontrol agent against these plant pathogens. In light of recent genetic analyses revealing high internal transcribed spacer sequence variability among Ampelomyces strains on different host plant mildews, yet no sequence variability within the Malus strain, polymorphic microsatellites were required to permit biocontrol and ecological studies of the complex apple/apple mildew/Ampellomyces tritrophic interaction. For this purpose, described here are the primers to amplify six polymorphic microsatellite loci from Ampelomyces quisqualis isolated from mycelia of the apple powdery mildew fungus, Podosphaera leucotricha.
Development of microsatellite markers in a mangrove tree species Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae)
Authors: GENG Q. F. , LIAN C. L. , TAO J. M. , QIU R. L. , HOGETSU T. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Aegiceras corniculatum is an ecologically important mangrove tree species. We isolated 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci from this species. These loci provided microsatellite markers with polymorphism of two to eight alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.050 to 0.550, and from 0.097 to 0.736, respectively. These markers will contribute to research on the conservation, genetic diversity and mating patterns of A. corniculatum.
Development of 21 microsatellite loci for puma (Puma concolor) ecology and forensics
Authors: KURUSHIMA JENNIFER D. , COLLINS JULIA A. , WELL JAY A. , ERNEST HOLLY B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe developed 21 microsatellite (13 dinucleotide and 8 tetranucleotide) primers specifically for pumas (Puma concolor). The primers were tested across 243 individuals from California and Nevada, and displayed an average of 5.5 alleles per locus. Previously, domestic cat (Felis catus) primers have been adapted for puma genetic studies. Puma‐specific loci may reduce concerns associated with ascertainment bias, improve genetic structure resolution and provide additional tetranucleotide loci valuable for forensic applications. These puma‐specific microsatellites will aid studies involving parentage, kinship and population structure, along with forensic case applications including poaching and puma‐associated injuries to humans and domestic animals.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers of Anopheles sinensis, a malaria vector mosquito in the East Asia region
Authors: JUNG J. , LEE E. , KIM W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEleven polymorphic dinucleotide (GA and CA) microsatellites were isolated and characterized in the mosquito Anopheles sinensis; this species is distributed over the East Asia region and is a primary vector of malaria, particularly in Korea. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 13. The observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) varied from 0.30 to 0.89 and from 0.59 to 0.90, respectively. These microsatellites could be useful in studying the evolution of the widely distributed A. sinensis in diverse environments.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci from Olea europaea
Authors: GIL F. SABINO , BUSCONI M. , DA CÂMARA MACHADO A. , FOGHER C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study reports 19 simple sequence repeat loci developed from a genomic library of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), of which 12 revealed to be polymorphic and informative, ranging from two to 14 alleles.
MICROFAMILY (version 1): a computer program for detecting flanking‐region similarities among different microsatellite loci
Authors: MEGLÉCZ EMESE 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMicrosatellite flanking regions are not necessarily unique sequences, but they may group into sequence families. Microsatellites occurring within such families are likely to give multiple banding patterns during polymerase chain reaction amplifications. microfamily (version 1) is a program that detects flanking‐region similarities between different microsatellite‐containing sequences, thus allowing for potentially problematic sequences to be eliminated prior to primer design. The program also accomplishes some otherwise tedious sequence editing, such as checking for nonpermitted characters, and eliminates poorly readable extremities or potential vector/adapter contamination. microfamily is written in Perl and available for Linux and Windows systems at http://www.up.univ‐mrs.fr/local/egee/dir/meglecz/microfamily.html.
Acute haemodynamic effects of erythropoietin alone and in combination with dopamine in a porcine model
Authors: Kristensen Jens , Soegaard Henrik , Maeng Michael , Rehling Michael , Nielsen Torsten Toftegaard 
Published: August 2006

SummaryBackground:  Previous studies in rodents from different kinds of shock models and isolated vessel models indicate that erythropoietin (EPO) has haemodynamic effects through interaction with sympathetic stimuli. This has relevance to the recently described non‐haematopoietic effects of EPO, e.g. tissue protective effects. Studies describing the acute effects on integrated physiological haemodynamic variables in larger animal models are scarce though.Aim:  To examine the acute effects of EPO on standard physiological haemodynamic parameters as well as a possible synergistic effect of a sympathetic agonist (dopamine) and EPO on these parameters.Results and design:  A porcine model was applied. Invasive haemodynamic variables were recorded at baseline, during 2 h after EPO injection and with addition of dopamine. Significant changes were only seen with addition of dopamine. Thus cardiac output increased only significantly in control group (21% versus 4%, P<0·05), and accordingly a decline in systemic vascular resistance was only seen in the control group (19% versus 5%, P< 0·05) with addition of dopamine. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased in EPO group (42% versus unchanged, P<0·05). There was a trend towards increase in left ventricular contractility as measured by slope of the pressure–volume relation (Emax) in EPO group with addition of dopamine.Conclusion:  Erythropoietin has small but significant haemodynamic effects on the response to a sympathetic agonist in the present minimal invasive porcine model.
Wanted: Dead OR Alive—Ways of Using Problem‐structuring Methods in Community OR
Authors: Taket A. , White L. 
Published: August 2006

Problem structuring has often been seen as providing an appropriate framework for Community OR; from our point of view the question to raise is not how to choose the best method for any particular situation, but how to act on opportunities to use different methods in practice, i.e. making the process the central focus. In this paper we examine our use of problem‐structuring methods in the context provided by postmodernist poststructuralist ideas in some Community OR (COR) case studies. In particular this paper will:

• scrutinise the notion of ‘problem’ and suggest that it might open a larger space for action and choice to recast this in terms of issues;
• show the applicability of issue‐structuring methods in combination with other participatory methods, e.g. rapid appraisal and action methods, especially in the context of evaluation, which most of our case studies will be concerned with;
• illustrate the possibilities of mixing and matching different parts of different issue structuring methods in practice.

In this way we demonstrate some ways in which the practice of OR can be revitalised, in particular through a re‐conceptualisation of the notion of ‘praxis’.
Application of fuzzy logic and neural networks for dynamic travel time estimation
Authors: Palacharla P.V. , Nelson P.C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe effectiveness of loop detectors as a data source for advanced traveler information systems has been researched recently [V. P. Sisiopiku (1993 Travel Time Estimation from Loop Detector Data for Advanced Traveler Information System Applications, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago]. In urban traffic control schemes loop detectors provide on‐line information on traffic conditions consisting of volume counts and occupancy levels. The need to convert loop detector data into travel times is recognized mostly in data fusion applications [P. Nelson and P. Palacharla (1993) A neural network model for data fusion in ADVANCE, Pacific Rim Transportation Technology Conference Proceedings, Vol. I, pp. 237–243, Seattle, WA, 1993]. Literature review indicates limited knowledge on the actual relationship between travel times and loop detector data under interrupted traffic conditions [V. P. Sisiopiku and N. M. Rouphail (1994) Towards the Use of Detector Output for Arterial Link Travel Time Estimation: a Literature Review. Transportation Research Record Series, Washington, DC]. Currently available statistical regression models cannot capture the dynamics of traffic conditions under signalized control and suffer from limited calibration and empirical validation. This paper presents a fuzzy reasoning model to convert loop detector data into link travel times obtained from empirical studies. This model incorporates flexible reasoning and captures non‐linear relationship between link specific detector data and travel times.
Transient solutions of some multiserver queueing systems with finite spaces
Authors: Chaudhry M.L. , Zhao Y.Q. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide explicit transient solutions for the multiserver queueing systemGeom(n)/Geom(n)/c/N+c. The method proposed here can also be used for obtaining transient solutions of Markov chains having the transition matrix of Hesselberg type. To support this, we also consider a more complex model such asGI/M/c/N+c. In our analysis, we use eigenvalues and generalized eigenvectors of transition probability matrices. Since we use the Jordan canonical form from linear algebra, the method is good even if the eigenvalues are repeated. Numerical procedures for computations involved in various examples are also provided.
A strategic investment model for phased implementation of flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: Lamar B.W. , Lee A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a set of strategic, tactical, and operational models that can be used to analyze the phased implementation of flexible technology in a manufacturing system. The strategic model represents capital investment decisions, the tactical model represents aggregate production decisions, and the operational model represents the functional form of the production costs. Learning effects and other nonlinearities (such as setup costs, economies of scale, and congestion effects) can be quantified in the models. An efficient solution procedure (using dynamic programming and minimum cost network flow optimization) is described. The efficiency of the solution method permits a host of ‘what‐if’ scenarios to be examined by the decision maker.
Scheduling of client‐server applications
Authors: Blażewicz J. , Dell'Olmo P. , Drozdowski M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the problem of deterministic scheduling of applications (programs) in a client‐server environment. We assume that the client reads data from the server, processes it, and stores the results on the server. This paradigm can also model a wider class of parallel applications. The goal is to find the shortest schedule. It is shown that the general problem is computationally hard. However, any list scheduling algorithm delivers solutions not worse than twice the optimum when tasks are preallocated, and three times the optimum when tasks are not preallocated. A polynomially solvable case is also presented.
Approximation algorithms for combinatorial multicriteria optimization problems
Authors: Ehrgott M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe computational complexity of combinatorial multiple objective programming problems is investigated. NP‐completeness and #P‐completeness results are presented. Using two definitions of approximability, general results are presented, which outline limits for approximation algorithms. The performance of the well‐known tree and Christofides' heuristics for the traveling salesman problem is investigated in the multicriteria case with respect to the two definitions of approximability.
An AHP/DEA methodology for ranking decision making units
Authors: Sinuany‐Stern Z. , Mehrez A. , Hadad Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐stage model for fully ranking organizational units where each unit has multiple inputs and outputs. In the first stage, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is run for each pair of units separately. In the second stage, the pairwise evaluation matrix generated in the first stage is utilized to rank scale the units via the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The consistency of this AHP/DEA evaluation can be tested statistically. Its goodness of fit with the DEA classification (to efficient/inefficient) can also be tested using non‐parametric tests. Both DEA and AHP are commonly used in practice. Both have limitations. The hybrid model AHP/DEA takes the best of both models, by avoiding the pitfalls of each. The nonaxiomatic utility theory limitations of AHP are irrelevant here: since we are working with given inputs and outputs of units, no subjective assessment of a decision maker evaluation is involved. AHP/DEA ranking does not replace the DEA classification model, rather it furthers the analysis by providing full ranking in the DEA context for all units, efficient and inefficient.
Constrained two‐dimensional cutting stock problems a best‐first branch‐and‐bound algorithm
Authors: Cung V‐D. , Hifi M. , Le Cun B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a new version of the algorithm proposed in Hifi (Computers and Operations Research 24/8 (1997) 727–736) for solving exactly some variants of (un)weighted constrained two‐dimensional cutting stock problems. Performance of branch‐and‐bound procedure depends highly on particular implementation of that algorithm. Programs of this kind are often accelerated drastically by employing sophisticated techniques. In the new version of the algorithm, we start by enhancing the initial lower bound to limit initially the space search. This initial lower bound has already been used in Fayard et al. 1998 (Journal of the Operational Research Society, 49, 1270–1277), as a heuristic for solving the constrained and unconstrained cutting stock problems. Also, we try to improve the upper bound at each internal node of the developed tree, by applying some simple and effcient combinations. Finally, we introduce some new symmetric‐strategies used for neglecting some unnecessary duplicate patterns. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated on some problem instances of the literature and other hard‐randomly generated problem instances.
A scenario‐based stochastic programming model for water supplies from the highland lakes
Authors: Watkins D.W. , McKinney D.C. , Lasdon L.S. , Nielsen S.S. , Martin Q.W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA scenario‐based, multistage stochastic programming model is developed for the management of the Highland Lakes by the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) in Central Texas. The model explicitly considers two objectives: (1) maximize the expected revenue from the sale of interruptible water while reliably maintaining firm water supply, and (2) maximize recreational benefits. Input data can be represented by a scenario tree, built empirically from a segment of the historical flow record. Thirty‐scenario instances of the model are solved using both a primal simplex method and Benders decomposition, and results show that the first‐stage (‘here and now’) decision of how much interruptible water to contract for the coming year is highly dependent on the initial (current) reservoir storage levels. Sensitivity analysis indicates that model results can be improved by using a scenario generation technique which better preserves the serial correlation of flows. Ultimately, it is hoped that use of the model will improve the LCRA's operational practices by helping to identify flexible policies that appropriately hedge against unfavorable inflow scenarios.
Tetanus: pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and update on new treatment modalities
Authors: Linnenbrink Thomas , McMichael Maureen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective: To review the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and current treatment modalities used in treating tetanus in small animals and humans.Etiology: Tetanus is caused by the activity of a toxin released from the bacterial organism, Clostridium tetani. The disease has an incubation period of 3 days to 3 weeks and usually follows a deep penetrating wound.Diagnosis: The diagnosis of tetanus is usually based on history and clinical signs.Therapy: Therapy of tetanus consists of direct and supportive care and includes toxin neutralization via human or equine derived immunoglobulin, antimicrobial therapy to eliminate C. tetani, and central and peripheral muscle relaxants to control hypertonicity. Adjunctive care may include positive pressure ventilation, anticonvulsant medication, drugs to treat autonomic dysfunction, and nutritional support.Prognosis: Prognosis varies based on severity of clinical signs at the time of diagnosis and the availability of appropriate care.
Acquired lysosomal storage caused by frequent plasmapheresis procedures with hydroxyethyl starch
Authors: Auwerda Johannes J.A. , Leebeek Frank W.G. , Wilson J.H. Paul , Van Diggelen Otto P. , Lam King H. , Sonneveld Pieter 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions have largely replaced conventional plasma expanders such as human albumin and colloidal fluids. Only a few side effects have been reported and mainly concern pruritus or blood coagulation disorders. Excessive HES exposure can result in diffuse tissue storage and accumulation with foamy appearing macrophages which produce the enzyme chitotriosidase (CT). In case of massive tissue storage, this enzyme activity can reach levels comparable to those of Gaucher disease.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this single‐center retrospective analysis of 11 consecutive patients receiving large amounts of HES for chronic plasmapheresis, plasma CT activity was investigated. Five patients receiving chronic intermittent plasmapheresis with conventional plasma expanders served as controls. Plasma CT activity was measured and plotted against creatinine clearance. Where available, marrow aspirate was analyzed with light microscopy to detect foamy macrophages. One patient developed a lysosomal storage disease and was examined extensively.RESULTS: Conventional plasma expanders did not alter plasma CT activity. In patients with impaired renal function, frequent plasma replacement with HES resulted in an increase in plasma CT activity. In the patient with the acquired lysosomal storage disease, massive tissue infiltration with activated foamy macrophages was observed. The phagocytic capacity in this patient, however, did not seem to be altered.CONCLUSION: Patients with impaired renal function receiving large amounts of HES exhibit an increase in plasma CT activity. Because excessive HES exposure can result in an acquired lysosomal storage disease, this should be avoided in chronic plasmapheresis procedures.
Evaluation of a prototype Trypanosoma cruzi antibody assay with recombinant antigens on a fully automated chemiluminescence analyzer for blood donor screening
Authors: Chang Chi‐Deu , Cheng Kevin Y. , Jiang Lily X. , Salbilla Vince A. , Haller Alla S. , Yem Alex W. , Bryant Jane D. , Kirchhoff Louis V. , Leiby David A. , Schochetman Gerald , Shah Dinesh O. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted by transfusion. The diagnosis of chronic T. cruzi infection is generally made by detecting specific antibodies that bind to parasite antigens. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a new serologic assay for antibodies to T. cruzi on a fully automated analyzer (PRISM, Abbott Laboratories).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prototype chemiluminescent immunoassay based on chimeric recombinant antigens and run on the automated PRISM system was developed for detecting antibodies to T. cruzi in human serum and plasma. Assay specificity was evaluated by testing samples from random blood donors and from a diverse group of specimens from persons with diseases or conditions often associated with false‐positive reactions in T. cruzi assays. Sensitivity was determined by testing 377 geographically diverse T. cruzi antibody–positive specimens.RESULTS: Six of 7911 samples (0.08%) from random donors were repeatedly reactive in the prototype PRISM Chagas assay. One of these was reactive in three other tests, including the radioimmune precipitation assay and was presumed to be a true positive. Hence, the specificity was 99.94 percent (7905/7910) in the negative donor group studied. All 377 T. cruzi antibody–positive specimens were positive in the prototype assay and thus the sensitivity was 100 percent.CONCLUSION: The results obtained to date, in terms of sensitivity as well as specificity, strongly suggest that the PRISM Chagas assay should function well as a tool for screening blood for serologic evidence of T. cruzi infection.