bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of significant vision conditions in children using QuickSee wavefront autorefractor
Authors: Bui Anh , Mitchell G. Lynn , McDaniel Catherine , Morrison Ann , Toole Andrew , Buckland Michelle , Kulp Marjean T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the ability of QuickSee to detect children at risk for significant vision conditions (significant refractive error [RE], amblyopia and strabismus).MethodsNon‐cycloplegic refraction (using QuickSee without and with +2 dioptre (D) fogging lenses) and unaided binocular near visual acuity (VA) were measured in 4‐ to 12‐year‐old children. Eye examination findings (VA, cover testing and cycloplegic retinoscopy) were used to determine the presence of vision conditions. QuickSee performance was summarised by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for various levels of RE. QuickSee referral criteria for each vision condition were chosen to maximise sensitivity at a specificity of approximately 85%–90%. Sensitivity and specificity to detect vision conditions were calculated using multiple criteria. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the benefit of adding near VA (6/12 or worse) for detecting hyperopia. A paired t‐test compared QuickSee without and with fogging lenses.ResultsThe mean age was 8.2 (±2.5) years (n = 174). RE ranged up to 9.25 D myopia, 8 D hyperopia, 5.25 D astigmatism and 3.5 D anisometropia. The testability of the QuickSee was 94.3%. AUC was ≥0.92 (excellent) for each level of RE. For the detection of any RE, sensitivity and specificity were 84.2% and 87.3%, respectively, using modified Orinda criteria and 94.5% and 78.2%, respectively, using the American Academy for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) guidelines. For the detection of any significant vision condition, the sensitivity and specificity of QuickSee were 81.1% and 87.9%, respectively, using modified Orinda criteria and 93% and 78.6%, respectively, using AAPOS criteria. There was no significant benefit of adding near VA to QuickSee for the detection of hyperopia ≥+2.00 (p = 0.34). There was no significant difference between QuickSee measurements of hyperopic refractive error with and without fogging lenses (difference = −0.09 D; p = 0.51).ConclusionsQuickSee had high discriminatory power for detecting children with hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, any significant refractive error or any significant vision condition.
Compound collagen peptide powder improves skin photoaging by reducing oxidative stress and activating TGF‐β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Guo Kaien , Zheng Linxin , Zeng Xin , Huang Guangchun , Meng Lingling , Yin Yuting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFish collagen peptide (FCP) has been extensively investigated as a natural product that can combat photoaging; however, its efficacy is limited by its singular composition. Compound collagen peptide powder (CCPP) is a novel functional food formulation that exhibits photoprotective properties and comprises FCP and a blend of natural botanical ingredients. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of CCPP and its molecular mechanism. CCPP had a low molecular weight, facilitating its efficient absorption, and was abundant in amino acids, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids. The results of in vivo studies demonstrated that CCPP exhibited significant efficacy in reducing skin wrinkles, enhancing the contents of water and oil in the skin, and ameliorating histopathological alterations in mice. The results of in vitro studies demonstrated that CCPP effectively mitigated photoaging in human skin fibroblasts by attenuating oxidative stress and promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Moreover, we clearly demonstrated that the TGF β1/Smad pathway was involved in the promotion of ECM synthesis and cell proliferation by CCPP in human skin fibroblasts. These findings suggest that, compared with single collagen, CCPP has a more comprehensive range of antiphotoaging properties.
Regulation by distinct MYB transcription factors defines the roles of OsCYP86A9 in anther development and root suberin deposition
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Li Yiqi , Chang Zhenyi , Yan Wei , Xu Chunjue , Zhang Baolei , He Zhaohuan , Wang Changjian , Zheng Minting , Li Zhiai , Xia Jixing , Li Guoliang , Tang Xiaoyan , Wu Jianxin 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYCytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) play critical roles in plant development and adaptation to fluctuating environments. Previous reports have shown that CYP86A proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of suberin and cutin in Arabidopsis. However, the functions of these proteins in rice remain obscure. In this study, a rice mutant with incomplete male sterility was identified. Cytological analyses revealed that this mutant was defective in anther development. Cloning of the mutant gene indicated that the responsible mutation was on OsCYP86A9. OsMYB80 is a core transcription factor in the regulation of rice anther development. The expression of OsCYP86A9 was abolished in the anther of osmyb80 mutant. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that OsMYB80 binds to the MYB‐binding motifs in OsCYP86A9 promoter region and regulates its expression. Furthermore, the oscyp86a9 mutant exhibited an impaired suberin deposition in the root, and was more susceptible to drought stress. Interestingly, genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that OsCYP86A9 expression was regulated in the root by certain MYB transcription factors other than OsMYB80. Moreover, mutations in the MYB genes that regulate OsCYP86A9 expression in the root did not impair the male fertility of the plant. Taken together, these findings revealed the critical roles of OsCYP86A9 in plant development and proposed that OsCYP86A9 functions in anther development and root suberin formation via two distinct tissue‐specific regulatory pathways.
Using the daily rate of rise in hemoglobin S to manage RBC depletion/exchange treatment in sickle cell disease
Authors: Rogers Kai , Alsawas Mouaz , Chapman James , Schlueter Annette J. , Knudson Charles Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cell exchange is often used prophylactically in patients with sickle cell disease, with the goal to maintain hemoglobin S (HbS) below a target threshold level. We reviewed whether the daily “rate of rise” (RoR) in HbS that occurs between procedures can be used for patient management. For some patients not achieving their HbS goals despite efficient exchanges, the post‐procedure hematocrit (Hct) target is increased to potentially suppress HbS production. This case series explores the utility of this approach, other clinical uses of the daily RoR in HbS, and the factors that influence it.Study Design and MethodsA total of 660 procedures from 24 patients undergoing prophylactic RBC depletion/exchange procedures were included. Laboratory values and clinical parameters were collected and used to calculate the daily RoR in HbS. Factors such as Hct or medications that might influence the RoR in HbS were evaluated.ResultsThe RoR in HbS varied widely between patients but remained relatively stable within individuals. Surprisingly, this value was not significantly influenced by changes in post‐procedure Hct or concurrent hydroxyurea use. A patient's average RoR in HbS effectively predicted the pre‐procedure HbS at the following visit (R2 = 0.65).DiscussionThe RoR in HbS is a relatively consistent parameter for individual patients that is unaffected by medication use or procedural Hct targets and may be useful in determining intervals between procedures.
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Microbiologic diagnosis of implant-associated infections
Authors: Azad Marisa Ann , Patel Robin 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
Implant-associated infections (IAIs) pose serious threats to patients and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These infections may be difficult to diagnose due, in part, to biofilm formation on device surfaces, and because even when microbes are found, their clinical significance may be unclear. Despite recent advances in laboratory testing, IAIs remain a diagnostic challenge. From a therapeutic standpoint, many IAIs currently require device removal and prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy to effect a cure. Therefore, making an accurate diagnosis, defining both the presence of infection and the involved microorganisms, is paramount. The sensitivity of standard microbial culture for IAI diagnosis varies depending on the type of IAI, the specimen analyzed, and the culture technique(s) used. Although IAI-specific culture-based diagnostics have been described, the challenge of culture-negative IAIs remains. Given this, molecular assays, including both nucleic acid amplification tests and next-generation sequencing-based assays, have been used. In this review, an overview of these challenging infections is presented, as well as an approach to their diagnosis from a microbiologic perspective.
Bacterial interactions on nutrient-rich surfaces in the gut lumen
Authors: Chiang Bo Huey , Vega Giovanni , Dunwoody Sarah C. , Patnode Michael L. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The intestinal lumen is a turbulent, semi-fluid landscape where microbial cells and nutrient-rich particles are distributed with high heterogeneity. Major questions regarding the basic physical structure of this dynamic microbial ecosystem remain unanswered. Most gut microbes are non-motile, and it is unclear how they achieve optimum localization relative to concentrated aggregations of dietary glycans that serve as their primary source of energy. In addition, a random spatial arrangement of cells in this environment is predicted to limit sustained interactions that drive co-evolution of microbial genomes. The ecological consequences of random versus organized microbial localization have the potential to control both the metabolic outputs of the microbiota and the propensity for enteric pathogens to participate in proximity-dependent microbial interactions. Here, we review evidence suggesting that several bacterial species adopt organized spatial arrangements in the gut via adhesion. We highlight examples where localization could contribute to antagonism or metabolic interdependency in nutrient degradation, and we discuss imaging- and sequencing-based technologies that have been used to assess the spatial positions of cells within complex microbial communities.
Supplemental Material: Multi-scale, open-system magmatic and sub-solidus processes contribute to the chemical and isotopic characteristics of the Jurassic Guadalupe Igneous Complex, Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Authors: Ratschbacher Barbara C. , al. et 
Published: March 2024

<p>Cathodoluminescence images of zircon grains showing spots analyzed with LA-ICP-MS. Figure S2: Comparison of Mg# in whole rock with Mg# in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, amphibole Si versus Mg#, and ranges in anorthite content in plagioclase from samples of various GIC map units. Figure S3: Differences in maximum Hf and Yb/Dy ratio in individual zircon grains from different map units of the GIC and as a function of zonation type. Figure S4: Assimilation-fractional crystallization and mixing calculations. Table S1: Whole-rock Sr and Nd isotope composition and major element composition. Table S2: Whole-rock oxygen isotope composition and major and selected trace element composition. Table S3: Electron microprobe data from clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar, and titanite. Table S4: Zircon trace element compositions. Table S5: Zircon oxygen isotopes. Table S6: Uncertainties of thermometers used in this study. Text S1: Detailed description of analytical methods and detailed description of thin section observations. File S1: Results of zircon trace element modeling. </p>
Comparison of troponin and natriuretic peptides in Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis
Authors: Couch Liam Steven , Garrard James W , Henry John A , Kotronias Rafail A , Alaour Bashir , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Channon Keith M , Banning Adrian P , Lyon Alexander Richard , Marber Michael , Kaier Thomas Edward 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure syndrome which resembles acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at presentation. Differentiation requires coronary angiography, but where this does not occur immediately, cardiac biomarkers may provide additional utility. We performed a meta-analysis to compare troponin and natriuretic peptides (NPs) in TTS and ACS to determine if differences in biomarker profile can aid diagnosis.MethodsWe searched five literature databases for studies reporting NPs (Brain NP (BNP)/NT-pro-BNP) or troponin I/T in TTS and ACS, identifying 28 studies for troponin/NPs (5618 and 1145 patients, respectively).ResultsTroponin was significantly lower in TTS than ACS (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.86; 95% CI, −1.08 to −0.64; p<0.00001), with an absolute difference of 75 times the upper limit of normal (×ULN) higher in ACS than TTS. Conversely, NPs were significantly higher in TTS (SMD 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.80; p<0.00001) and 5.8×ULN greater absolutely. Area under the curve (AUC) for troponin in ACS versus TTS was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.00) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction versus TTS. For NPs, AUC was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89). Combination of troponin and NPs with logistic regression did not improve AUC. Recursive Partitioning and Regression Tree analysis calculated a troponin threshold ≥26×ULN that identified 95% cases as ACS where and specificity for ACS were 85.71% and 53.57%, respectively, with 94.32% positive predictive value and 29.40% negative predictive value.ConclusionsTroponin is lower and NPs higher in TTS versus ACS. Troponin had greater power than NPs at discriminating TTS and ACS, and with troponin ≥26×ULN patients are far more likely to have ACS.
Electromagnetic field on the complexity of minimally deformed compact stars
Authors: Albalahi Abeer M. , Bhatti M. Z. , Ali Akbar , Khan S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the context of this endeavor, we establish a simple protocol for formulating interior stellar solutions that exhibit spherically symmetric configurations against the backdrop of relativistic gravitational decoupling through radial metric deformation (minimal geometric deformation scheme). In this pursuit, we make use of the vanishing complexity factor ($$\widetilde{Y}_{TF}$$

Y
~

TF

) condition, based on Herrera’s (Phys Rev D 97, 044010, 2018) innovative concept regarding the complexity of static or slowly evolving spherical matter configurations. The idea of a complexity factor emerges as the outcome of the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann–Christoffel tensor, which yields different scalar functions, known as structure scalars. The protocol is demonstrated by employing the Buchdahl and Tolman relativistic stellar ansatzes as isotropic seeds. Both of these ansatzes exhibit similar physical features, with a minor variation in their magnitudes in the case of $$\widetilde{Y}_{TF}\ne 0$$

Y
~

TF

≠
0

, where $$0\le \alpha <1$$

0
≤
α
<
1

, and $$\alpha $$
α
represents a coupling parameter. However, when $$\widetilde{Y}_{TF}=0$$

Y
~

TF

=
0

, the Buchdahl stellar ansatz exhibits a uniform density matter configuration, while the Tolman model features an increasing pressure profile. The obtained relativistic stellar models satisfy the basic viability constraints required for the physically realistic configurations.
Treatment of Sleep Apnea and Reduction in Blood Pressure: The Role of Heart Rate Response and Hypoxic Burden
Authors: Messineo Ludovico , Sands Scott A. , Schmickl Christopher , Labarca Gonzalo , Hu Wen-Hsin , Esmaeili Neda , Vena Daniel , Gell Laura , Calianese Nicole , Malhotra Atul , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Wellman Andrew , Redline Susan , Azarbarzin Ali 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased blood pressure (BP). Obstructive sleep apnea treatment reduces BP with substantial variability, not explained by the apnea-hypopnea index, partly due to inadequate characterization of obstructive sleep apnea’s physiological consequences, such as oxygen desaturation, cardiac autonomic response, and suboptimal treatment efficacy. We sought to examine whether a high baseline heart rate response (ΔHR), a marker of high cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea, predicts a larger reduction in post-treatment systolic BP (SBP). Furthermore, we aimed to assess the extent to which a reduction in SBP is explained by a treatment-related reduction in hypoxic burden (HB).

METHODS:
ΔHR and HB were measured from pretreatment and posttreatment polygraphy, followed by a 24-hour BP assessment in 168 participants treated with continuous positive airway pressure or nocturnal supplemental oxygen from the HeartBEAT study (Heart Biomarker Evaluation in Apnea Treatment). Multiple linear regression models assessed whether high versus mid (reference) ΔHR predicted a larger reduction in SBP (primary outcome) and whether there was an association between treatment-related reductions in SBP and HB.

RESULTS:
A high versus mid ΔHR predicted improvement in SBP (adjusted estimate, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.0–10.5] mm Hg). Independently, a greater treatment-related reduction in HB was significantly associated with larger reductions in SBP (4.2 [95% CI, 0.9–7.5] mm Hg per 2 SD treatment-related reduction in HB). Participants with substantial versus minimal treatment-related reductions in HB had a 6.5 (95% CI, 2.5–10.4) mm Hg drop in SBP.

CONCLUSIONS:
A high ΔHR predicted a more favorable BP response to therapy. Furthermore, the magnitude of the reduction in BP was partly explained by a greater reduction in HB.
Prognostic Relevance of Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability. The Spanish ABPM Registry
Authors: de la Sierra Alejandro , Williams Bryan , Bursztyn Michael , Parati Gianfranco , Stergiou George S. , Vinyoles Ernest , Segura Julián , Gorostidi Manuel , Ruilope Luis M. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
The prognostic relevance of short-term blood pressure (BP) variability in hypertension is not clearly established. We aimed to evaluate the association of short-term BP variability, with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of patients with hypertension.

METHODS:
We selected 59 124 patients from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry from 2004 to 2014 (median follow-up: 9.7 years). Systolic and diastolic BP SD and coefficient of variation from daytime and nighttime, weighted SD, weighted coefficient of variation, average real variability (mean of differences between consecutive readings), and BP variability ratio (ratio between systolic and diastolic 24-hour SD) were calculated through baseline 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed by Cox regression models adjusted for clinical confounders and BP.

RESULTS:
Patients who died during follow-up had higher values of BP variability compared with those remaining alive. In adjusted models systolic and diastolic daytime and weighted SD and coefficient of variation, average real variability, as well as systolic nighttime SD and BP variability ratio were all significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Hazard ratios for 1-SD increase in the systolic components ranged from 1.05 to 1.12 for all-cause mortality and from 1.07 to 1.17 for cardiovascular mortality. A daytime SD≥13 mm Hg, a nighttime and a weighted SD≥12 mm Hg, and an average real variability ≥10 mm Hg, all systolic, were independently associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
Short-term blood pressure variability shows a relatively weak but significant association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension.
The Perennial Solidarity of the East
Authors: Gori Olesen Mattias 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While the intertwinement of Indian anti-colonial politics and Theosophy is well-known, the entanglement of esotericism and anti-colonial endeavors in the modern Arab world remains understudied. The article contributes to this area of research by demonstrating how certain strands of “Western” and “Eastern” esotericisms found resonance among early twentieth-century Arab intelligentsia and provided a useful global ideational backdrop for anti-colonial politics. Focusing on “Easternist” Egyptian intellectuals and their engagement with the French esotericist René Guénon, Theosophy, Sufism and Vedanta, the article shows how these esotericisms—and René Guénon’s in particular—provided valuable ammunition to the anti-colonial Easternist construction of a perennially united East. In doing so, the article proposes to nuance the existing interpretation of Guénon (living in Cairo from 1930) as “on the margins” of the Egyptian scene and, on a general level, to reevaluate the position of global esotericism in modern Arab thought.
A splinter of charred oleaceous wood from late early Eocene volcanoclastic deposits of Germany
Authors: Haag Volker , Wilde Volker 
Published: March 2024

Summary
A splinter of charred wood was recovered from late Early Eocene volcanoclastic deposits underlying the lacustrine succession of the Messel-pit near Darmstadt (Hesse, Germany). Well-preserved anatomical details due to charring allow for an attribution of the splinter to the Oleaceae family. Within Oleaceae, the wood shows good agreement with the anatomical structure of recent members of the genera Olea, Chionanthus and Noronhia. However, due to the high variability of structural features within this group of genera, a reliable taxonomic placement is restricted to the monophyletic drupaceous subtribe Oleinae. The Splinter was cut loose from a tree of the local vegetation and charred by effects of the respective phreatomagmatic eruption, even under a low-fire regime. The specimen represents a rare example of a Pre-Quarternary wood that can be related directly to a radiometric age of 48.27–48.11 Ma (±0.22 Ma).
Routine Climate Monitoring in the State of Hawai‘i: Establishment of State Climate Divisions
Authors: Luo Xiao , Frazier Abby G. , Diaz Henry F. , Longman Ryan , Giambelluca Thomas W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Hawaiian Islands have some of the most spatially diverse rainfall patterns on Earth, affected by prevailing trade winds, midlatitude disturbances, tropical cyclones, and complex island topography. However, it is the only state in the United States that does not have assigned climate divisions (boundaries defining climatically homogeneous areas), which excludes it from many national climate analyses. This study establishes, for the first time, official climate divisions for the state of Hawai‘i using cluster analysis applied to monthly gridded rainfall data from 1990 to 2019. Twelve climate divisions have been identified: two divisions were found each for the islands of Kaua‘i (Leeward Kaua‘i and Windward Kaua‘i), O‘ahu (Waianae and Ko‘olau), and Maui County (Leeward Maui Nui and Windward Maui Nui), and six divisions were identified for Hawai‘i Island (Leeward Kohala, Windward Kohala, Kona, Hawai‘i Mauka, Ka‘u, and Hilo). The climate divisions were validated using a statewide area-weighted division-average rainfall index which successfully captured the annual cycle and interannual rainfall variations in the statewide average rainfall series. Distinct rainfall seasonality features and interannual/decadal variability are found among the different divisions; Leeward Maui Nui, Leeward Kaua‘i, Kona, and Hawai‘i Mauka displayed the most significant rainfall seasonality. The western Hawai‘i Island divisions show the most significant long-term decreasing trends in annual rainfall during the past 100 years (ranging from −2.5% to −5.0% per decade). With these climate divisions now available, Hawai‘i will have access to numerous operational climate analyses that will greatly improve climatic research, monitoring, education, and outreach, as well as forecasting applications.