bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic evaluation of the incompetent cervix
Authors: Bernstine Richard L. , Lee Sung Ho , Crawford William L. , Shimek Maurice P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound can provide objective information in diagnosing incompetency of the internal os of the cervix during pregnancy and in evaluating the need for surgical correction. Attention must be paid to the technical aspects of the examination, and the examiner must be familiar with normal variations in the configuration.
Ultrasonic diagnosis of nuchal encirclement by the umbilical cord: A case and methodological report
Authors: Jouppila Pentti , Kirkinen Pertti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for the diagnosis of nuchal coiling of the umbilical cord before labor using a combination of real‐time and Doppler ultrasonic equipment is presented in this case report. The applicability of the method is discussed. Further evaluation in routine obstetric practice is still required.
Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for assessing ultrasonic imaging system performance and for training ultrasonographers: Part II
Authors: Madsen Ernest L. , Zagzebski James A. , Frank Gary R. , Greenleaf James F. , Carson Paul L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree prototype anthropomorphic breast phantoms are discussed. The phantoms were constructed using ultrasonically tissue‐mimicking materials; these materials mimic various tissue parenchymae in terms of attenuation, speed of sound, density, and scatter level. Realistic artifacts related to refraction and reflection at interfaces between different simulated parenchymae are produced. The phantoms represent premenopausal breasts, and they complement one another. Two of them represent the dense breasts of women under 30 years of age, and one represents that of a woman between 35 and 40 years of age. Of the former two, one produces what is apparently above‐average refraction effects in the region of the peripheral fat layer; the other produces more typical refraction effects. Simulated tumors, cysts, and calcifications of various sizes are suspended in the glandular regions. Such phantoms are valuable for use in developmental testing of state‐of‐the‐art ultrasound machines, quality assurance testing of clinical machines, and training of sonographers in breast imaging.
An echographic evaluation during the early puerperium of the uterine wound after caesarean section
Authors: Burger Nicolaas F. , Darazs Blanka , Boes Elsje G. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerial echographic evaluation of the uterine wound after lower uterine segment caesarean section was performed on 48 puerperal patients. Similar examinations after vaginal delivery were carried out on 14 puerperal patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether evidence of abnormal healing could be detected by this method. Although three distinctive patterns were noted, no correlation with clinical findings could be made and no conclusions could be drawn.
Relation of in vivo blood flow to ultrasound echogenicity
Authors: Machi Junji , Sigel Bernard , Beitler Julio C. , Coelho Julio C. U. , Justin Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanism of echogenicity of flowing blood during real‐time ultrasonography was investigated experimentally in vivo by scanning venous and arterial blood and venous blood subjected to varying degrees of obstruction. Luminal echoes were more intense in flowingblood of the vena cava than in aortic blood of dogs. Vena cava and portal echoes increased in intensity as flow was decreased progressively by obstruction. We believe that an important cause of echogenicity of flowing blood is red cell aggregation which is greatest at low shear rates (low flow velocity). Echogenicity decreases with increase in shear rate (higher flow velocity) which causes red cell disaggregation.
Ultrasound identification of lateral ventricular asymmetry in the human neonate
Authors: Horbar Jeffrey D. , Leahy Kathleen A. , Lucey Jerold F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonography was used to investigate left‐right asymmetries of the brain in 66 human neonates with gestational ages of 28–44 wk. The body of the left lateral ventricle was larger than the right in 21 infants (31.8%), whereas the right was larger than the left in only four infants (6.1%) (p <0.001). Asymmetry of the lateral ventricles can be detected in the normal neonatal brain using sonography.
Diastolic mitral gradient without associated valvular stenosis: Usefulness of two‐dimensional echocardiography for a correct diagnosis
Authors: Perrenoud J. J. , Frangos A. , Bopp P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA diastolic gradient across the mitral valve is generally indicative of mitral valve stenosis. In the present study, echocardiography was used to demonstrate two less common causes of left ventricular inflow obstruction: one patient had a fibromuscular membrane beneath the valve, the other a large vegetation attached to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Echocardiography proved to be the optimal imaging technique in each case.
Critical evaluation of continuous‐wave Doppler probes for carotid studies
Authors: Douville Y. , Arenson J. W. , Johnston K. W. , Cobbold R. S. C. , Kassam M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe field response characteristics of 12 commercially available continuouswave (CW) Doppler ultrasound probes have been measured by a vibrating target method. These characteristics are discussed in relation to their application for quantitative evaluation of the carotid arteries. Because of poorly behaved field characteristics, short depths of penetration, and insufficient beam width, some of the probes may not be suitable for such evaluations.
Characteristics of hypernephromas as seen with ultrasound and computed tomography
Authors: Pamilo Martti , Suramo Ilkka , Päivänsalo Markku 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe structure of 20 hypernephromas as seen with ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) were compared. The hypervascular and necrotic areas, as well as the areas of normal tumoral enhancement in CT, were seen as markedly, moderately, or minimally echogenic or had mixed areas of minimal and marked echogenicity in US.
Measurement of liver volume by ultrasound and computed tomography
Authors: Fritschy P. , Robotti G. , Schneekloth G. , Vock P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA morphometric method to calculate liver volumes from transverse sections is evaluated (point‐integrating method). In the first part of the study, 10 liver specimens were investigated by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US); the calculated volumes were compared to the volumes obtained by water displacement of the organs. While CT showed an ideal agreement (r = 0.994), volumes calculated from US sections correlated less well (percentage differences from + 12.5% to −9%, r =0.915). In the second part of the study, the livers of 10 randomly selected patients were investigated by CT and US. Liver volumes were calculated using the point‐integration method. Compared to the CT examination, US results show a good correlation with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.977. The point‐integration method is very valuable to measure organ volumes from transverse sections. The method can be applied “offline” to photographic films, data do not have to be recorded electronically. The time required to calculate the volume of an organ is comparable to other methods.
Ultrasound does not affect human lymphocyte transformation in vitro
Authors: Katoh Arthur K. , Charoensiri Surin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe lymphocyte transformation test has been used in testing the effect of ultrasound on human lymphocytes. The test utilizes the mitogenic lectins, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen to stimulate the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into resting lymphocytes after several days in culture. Ultrasound, which is increasingly used in diagnostic radiology, has been reported as an immunosuppressive agent in mice. Lymphocyte transformation has been used clinically as a test measuring the effectiveness of immunoenhancing and immunosuppressive therapies. The experiments reported here do not demonstrate an immunosuppressive role for ultrasound on human lymphocytes.
Computer assisted analysis of fetal age in the third trimester using multiple fetal growth parameters
Authors: Hadlock Frank P. , Deter Russell L. , Harrist Ron B. , Park Seung K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new technique is described for predicting menstrual age in the third trimester of pregnancy (28–42 weeks) using multiple fetal growth parameters (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length). Evaluation of this technique in 177 normal third trimester pregnancies demonstrated that significant improvement in the variability in predicting menstrual age can be achieved when two or more parameters are used collectively instead of a single parameter used individually. The optimal combination prior to 36 weeks was biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length, while after 36 weeks the optimal combination was head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. The use of these combinations resulted in smaller mean errors, standard deviations, and maximum errors. Regression equations and tables of normal values are provided to facilitate the use of this dating method.
Biparietal diameter in premature rupture of membranes: Errors in estimating gestational age
Authors: Wolfson Robert N. , Zador Ivan E. , Halvorsen Philip , Andrews Brenda , Sokol Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperience on our clinical service suggested that the real‐time ultrasonically measured fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) might not accurately estimate gestational age in the preterm pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Of 2510 consecutive pregnancies for which the BPD could be obtained on ultrasound examination at or beyond 26 weeks gestation, 122 were complicated by PROM. For pregnancies with and without PROM, the relationship, if any, between BPD and gestational age at the time of examination was determined by regression analysis and the resulting equations compared by F test. The regression equations were found to be significantly different (F = 17.2, P < 0.01); the BPD was found to underestimate the true gestational age in the presence of PROM. To model the situation in which the pregnancy is recognizably very premature, the BPD/gestational age relationship was evaluated at ≤ 30 weeks. In these pregnancies the correlation of gestational age with BPD was not statistically significant in the presence of PROM. These results indicate that in the presence of PROM, the BPD may not be a reliable estimator of the gestational age of the fetus. In the presence of PROM, gestational age dependent management decisions would be better based on clinical and ultrasound criteria rather than the ultrasonically determined BPD.
Nonvolumetric assessment of ventricular function by two‐dimensional echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Shea Peder M. , Glover Matthew U. , Handler Jeffrey B. , Nelson Dennis P. , Vieweg W. V. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeft ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was prospectively predicted by nonvolumetric parameters obtained by M‐mode and two‐dimensional (2DE) echocardiography in 55 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. In particular, the mitral E‐point to septum separation (EPSS) could predict the angiographic ejection fraction (EF) according to the formula %EF = 74 – 2 (EPSS) with a correlation of 0.81 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 12%. An EPSS of greater than 10 mm predicted ventricular dysfunction with a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.93. A Wall Motion Score (WMS), obtained by summing segmental wall motion assessed as normal = 4, hypokinetic = 3, akinetic = 2, dyskinetic = 1, for each of seven segments and dividing by seven (the number of segments evaluated), also correlated with the angiographic EF (r = .76). An abnormal WMS was found to be less than 3.3 and together with an EPSS greater than 10 mm, these parameters had a sensitivity of 0.90, a specificity of 0.92, and predictive value of 0.90 for ventricular dysfunction, as evidenced by an EF of less than 0.51. We conclude that the EPSS has as great a predictive value for the EF as the more vigorous quantitative volumetric echocardiographic estimates. Together with the WMS, these parameters are of considerable clinical value in detecting ventricular dysfunction.
Ventricular systolic time intervals by simultaneous echocardiographic recording of the semilunar valves during the first days of life: A study of normal newborn infants
Authors: Yoshida Yoshiro , Baylen Barry G. , Emmanouilides George C. , Knouse Mary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modified ultrasonic method was used to image simultaneously the semilunar valves in order to study comparative neonatal right and left ventricular systolic time intervals (STI) and phasic respiration. We obtained 72 serial M‐mode echocardiograms from 24 normal term infants during the first 3 days of life. Right and left ventricular pre‐ejection period (RPEP, LPEP), ejection times (RVET, LVET), and STI ratios (RPEP/RVET, LPEP/LVET) did not vary with respiratory variation during the first days of life; aortic (Q‐Ac) and pulmonic valve (Q‐Pc) closure intervals were uninfluenced by respiration. Widening of Ac‐Pc interval beyond 15 msec was present in 56% by day 3. The RPEP/LVET was greater than LPEP/LVET on the first day–‐a finding previously described in infants with dextro‐transposition of the great arteries. Relatively fixed duration of right ventricular systole (Q‐Pc) and the absence of inspiratory widening of the Ac‐Pc interval, despite decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance, may be related to differences of right ventricular compliance and pulmonary vascular capacitance in the newborn infant.
The sonography of renal columnar hypertrophy
Authors: Leekam Roger N. , Matzinger Mary Anne , Brunelle Monica , Gray Robin R. , Grosman Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn enlarged Column of Bertin is a frequent cause of renal pseudotumor. In a retrospective study of the ultrasound findings in 11 patients with columnar hypertrophy, we have attempted to establish objective sonographic criteria of this entity. Columnar hypertrophy appears as a renal mass with the following characteristics: (1) indents the renal sinus laterally; (2) clearly defined from the renal sinus; (3) largest dimension of less than 3 cm; (4) continuous or contiguous with the renal cortex; and (5) Echogenicity close to that of the cortex. Two minor criteria are also presented, and the present appropriate use of the criteria is suggested.
Simple Device for Determining an Index of Echogenicity
Authors: Espinasse Pierre , Desuzinges C. , Cercassi J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique reported here uses a simple electronic system adaptable to a standard manual echograph with the aim of obtaining a numerical index of echogenicity. The index is the ratio of the average echo amplitude within a gated portion of tissue at a given depth to the average echo amplitude within the same gated portion measured under the same conditions on a phantom filled with a “tissue‐mimicking” material. A theoretical analysis shows that the index depends not only on the attenuation coefficient and the backscattering coefficient of the tissue but also on the depth of the measurement. It is demonstrated that it is feasible to measure the attenuation coefficient using the current system, and the reproducibility of the index measurement is evaluated on a normal thyroid.
Measurements of an Index of Echogenicity in Some Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Espinasse Pierre , Desuzinges C. , Cercassi J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the preceding article, the measurement of an index of echogenicity has been described. In this article, we present the mean value and standard deviation of this index in normal thyroid and pathological cases. It appears that the index is very significantly lowered in Hashimoto's disease compared to its value in normal thyroids and simple goiters. The advantage of this index in other cases such as Graves' disease, subacute thyroiditis, and thyroid nodules is discussed.
Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and complicating hydrocephalus
Authors: Slabaugh Robert D. , Smith John A. , Lemons James , Schreiner Richard , Macdonald Nancy , Cohen Mervyn D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReal‐time ultrasound studies of the head were performed on 96 infants weighing 1500 g or less. This population represented all such infants admitted within the first 72 hours of life to a neonatal intensive care unit over a 9‐month period. Intracranial subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 22 (23%) of the infants. Of these 13 (59%) developed ventricular enlargement. Four other infants, in whom hemorrhage was not identified, also developed ventricular enlargement. When it occurred, the ventricular enlargement developed within 2 weeks of the hemorrhage in 77% of cases. It reached its maximum size within 2 weeks in 65% of cases. In 9 of 16 cases the maximal ventricular enlargement was categorized as mild. Spontaneous arrest or resolution of the ventriculomegaly occurred in all but two cases, who required shunting. Clot resolution was slow. It was complete at 3 weeks in only 5 of 18 cases.
Gas‐Containing Gallstones: Their influence on ultrasound images
Authors: Rizzatto Giorgio , Rubaltelli Leopoldo , Talenti Enrico , Bulzacchi Andrea , Angelini Federico , Zacchi Claudio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasound image of gas‐containing gallstones was evaluated in three cases. In two, the stones were studied in vitro in a phantom gallbladder by ultrasound, and then by microradiographic techniques. The third case was investigated in vivo by ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT). The presence of gas‐containing fissures, which are not detectable on ultrasound, was demonstrated. In contrast, wider fissures, or a true gas bubble, produce reverberation echoes which depend upon the quantity of gas present within the gallstone.
Pancreatic sonography: Past and present
Authors: McCain Arthur H. , Berkman William A. , Bernardino Michael E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrior to the advent of cross‐sectional imaging, the diagnosis of pancreatic disease and its extent could not be obtained without surgery. Ultrasound is a noninvasive modality which has been evolving over the last 7‐10 years. The purpose of this review will be to determine the present status of ultrasound in the evaluation of adult and pediatric pancreatic disease. Also, its role with regard to computed tomography (CT) and interventional techniques will be discussed. Indexing Words: Pancreas · Ultrasound · Pancreatitis · Pancreatic carcinoma.
Limitations in the Accuracy of Peak Frequency Measurements in the Diagnosis of Carotid Disease
Authors: Lally M. , Johnston K. W. , Cobbold R. S. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeak Doppler frequency is an index of the severity of carotid stenosis. Variability in this measurement is examined through in vitro and clinical studies. In vitro studies, using a carotid flow model, show that observers locate a stenosis and interpret the peak frequency differently, and each observer uses a different probe‐vessel angle. Clinical studies support these findings. Comparison of 304 carotid Doppler studies with arteriograms demonstrates 90% overall clinical accuracy. Each observer has a consistent range of peak frequency measurements, yet the description of a discrete percent stenosis is limited by observer variability. Indexing Words: Doppler spectral analysis · Doppler ultrasound · Carotid artery.
Sonographic findings in leukemic renal disease
Authors: Kumari‐Subaiya Sheila , Lee Won J. , Festa Robert , Phillips Gail , Pochaczevsky Rubem 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonic findings in 10 patients with diffuse leukemic infiltration of the kidneys are described. The findings are analogous to those seen pathologically and include enlargement of the kidneys, diffuse leukemic infiltration of the renal cortex with sparing of the adjacent medullae, loss of definition and distortion of the renal sinus echo complex and a focal mass. The ultrasound findings correlated well with those seen with intravenous urography making it the preferable screening modality for the initial detection of renal involvement. subseauent follow‐up, and response to therapy in leukemic patients.
Suprapubic sonographic detection of prostate carcinoma
Authors: Hennig Ronald C. , Wilson Stephanie R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween January 1 and March 31, 1983, 103 patients scheduled for prostatic surgery were blindly evaluated preoperatively by suprapubic real time sonography. Prospectively, the sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.2%, predictive value of positive test 51.6% and predictive value of negative 86.7% for the detection of prostatic carcinoma. Retrospective analysis increased the sensitivity to 86% and when clinical information was utilized, only one carcinoma escaped detection. Unfortunately, both prostatic inflammation and occasionally benign prostatic hypertrophy may simulate carcinoma sonographically, thus producing a significant number of false positives. No ultrasonically detectable characteristics could be found which unequivocally separate carcinomas from inflammation and hypertrophy. For this reason routine suprapubic screening does not seem warranted.
spectrum of sonographic findings in infantile polycystic kidney disease with urographic and clinical correlations
Authors: Leland Melson G. , Shackelford Gary D. , Cole Barbara R. , McClennan Bruce L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe evaluated nine patients, age 1 day to 17 years, having infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD). Using modern scanners with 5‐MHz transducers we have observed two previously unemphasized sonographic (US) findings, a peripheral zone of normally echogenic cortex (five patients), and mild caliectasis (two patients). Our data suggest that IPKD is a more heterogeneous condition clinically and sonographically than generally appreciated and that presence of a thick normally echogenic renal cortex is a good predictor of concurrent normal renal function and prolonged survival.
Doppler blood velocity waveforms in the umbilical artery as an indicator of fetal well‐being
Authors: Friedman Deborah M. , Rutkowski Monika , Snyder Jon R. , Lustig‐Gillman Ilana , Young Bruce K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDoppler blood velocity waveforms were analyzed from the umbilical artery as an indication of fetal well‐being. Since the ratio of systolic to diastolic peak flows (A/B) reflects placental vascular resistance, an abnormality of this value may accurately predict compromised fetuses. Twenty‐one studies were performed on 13 patients, using a new duplex system for real‐time imaging and range‐gated' pulsed Doppler analysis, and compared to normal standards. Thirteen studies done in nine uneventful pregnancies were consistently normal. However, abnormal studies were found in the four patients reported as case histories, including women with sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus, diabetes, and growth retardation. The A/B ratio was felt to have predicted potential fetal compromise, including the two fetal deaths. Therefore, with certain cautions, we feel that this rapid, non‐invasive technique is useful as a serially applicable reflector of the status of fetoplacental circulation.