bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of 78 adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome
Authors: Bassett Anne S. , Chow Eva W.C. , Husted Janice , Weksberg Rosanna , Caluseriu Oana , Webb Gary D. , Gatzoulis Michael A. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a common microdeletion syndrome with multisystem expression. Phenotypic features vary with age, ascertainment, and assessment. We systematically assessed 78 adults (36 M, 42 F; mean age 31.5, SD 10.5 years) with a 22q11.2 deletion ascertained through an adult congenital cardiac clinic (n = 35), psychiatric‐related sources (n = 39), or as affected parents of subjects (n = 4). We recorded the lifetime prevalence of features requiring attention, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) not overlapping zero. Subtle learning difficulties, hypernasality and facial gestalt were not included. We investigated ascertainment effects using non‐overlapping subgroups ascertained with tetralogy of Fallot (n = 31) or schizophrenia (n = 31). Forty‐three features met inclusion criteria and were present in 5% or more patients, including several of later onset (e.g., hypothyroidism, cholelithiasis). Number of features per patient (median 9, range 3–22) correlated with hospitalizations (P = 0.0002) and, when congenital features were excluded, with age (P = 0.02). Adjusting for ascertainment, 25.8% (95% CI, 9.5–42.1%) of patients had cardiac anomalies and 22.6% (95% CI, 7.0–38.2%) had schizophrenia. Ascertainment subgroups were otherwise similar in median number and prevalence of features. Non‐characteristic features are common in 22q11DS. Adjusting for ascertainment effects is important. Many treatable conditions may be anticipated and features may accumulate over time. The results have implications for clinical assessment and management, genetic counseling and research into pathophysiological mechanisms. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of three comorbidity measures for predicting health service use in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Dominick Kelli L. , Dudley Tara K. , Coffman Cynthia J. , Bosworth Hayden B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the ability of 3 database‐derived comorbidity scores, the Charlson Score, Elixhauser method, and RxRisk‐V, in predicting health service use among individuals with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe study population comprised 306 patients who were under care for OA in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Comorbidity scores were calculated using 1 year of data from VA inpatient and outpatient databases (Charlson Score, Elixhauser method), as well as pharmacy data (RxRisk‐V). Model selection was used to identify the best comorbidity index for predicting 3 health service use variables: number of physician visits, number of prescriptions used, and hospitalization probability. Specifically, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was used to determine the best model for each health service outcome variable. Model fit was also evaluated.ResultsAll 3 comorbidity indices were significant predictors of each health service outcome (P < 0.01). However, based on AIC values, models using the RxRisk‐V and Elixhauser indices as predictor variables were better than models using the Charlson Score. The model using the RxRisk‐V index as a predictor was the best for the outcome of prescription medication use, and the model with the Elixhauser index was the best for the outcome of physician visits.ConclusionThe Rx‐Risk‐V and Elixhauser are suitable comorbidity measures for examining health services use among patients with OA. Both indices are derived from administrative databases and can efficiently capture comorbidity among large patient populations.
Risk factors for functional limitations in patients with long‐standing ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ward Michael M. , Weisman Michael H. , Davis John C. , Reveille John D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for functional limitations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) of at least 20 years' duration.MethodsPatients with AS for ≥20 years were enrolled in the cross‐sectional component of the Prospective Study of Outcomes in AS. All patients had clinical evaluations and completed questionnaires on functional limitations and potential risk factors. Functional limitations were assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI; score range 0–100, higher scores indicate more limitations) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondylarthropathies (HAQS). Risk factors included demographic characteristics, duration of AS, smoking status, number of comorbid medical conditions, recalled level of recreational activity in teens and twenties, occupational physical activity throughout life (rated 1 = little, 2 = moderate, 3 = heavy, and weighted by the number of years in each job), and history of AS in a first‐degree relative.ResultsThe 326 patients (74% men) had a mean ± SD age of 55.0 ± 10.7 years, a mean duration of AS symptoms of 31.7 ± 10.2 years, and a mean BASFI score of 40.7 ± 25.6. BASFI scores increased with higher lifetime occupational physical activity (r = 0.31; P < 0.0001), the number of comorbid conditions (r = 0.25; P < 0.0001), and the duration of AS (r = 0.12; P = 0.04). BASFI scores were higher among current smokers compared with former/nonsmokers (55.5 versus 38.9; P = 0.0002), and among nonwhites compared with whites (49.9 versus 39.3; P = 0.02). In multivariable analyses, lifetime occupational physical activity, current smoking, education level, number of comorbid conditions, and family history were significantly associated with BASFI scores. The same risk factors were associated with the HAQS.ConclusionFunctional limitations in patients with AS for ≥20 years are greater among those with a history of more physically demanding jobs, more comorbid conditions, and among smokers, and are less severe among those with higher levels of education and a family history of AS.
Patients' perceptions of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: Overwhelming, uncontrollable, ignored
Authors: Hewlett Sarah , Cockshott Zoë , Byron Margaret , Kitchen Karen , Tipler Sue , Pope Denise , Hehir Maggie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveFatigue is commonly reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but is rarely a treatment target. The aim of this study was to explore the concept of fatigue as experienced by patients with RA.MethodsFifteen patients with RA and fatigue (≥7 on a 10‐cm visual analog scale) were individually interviewed and asked about the description, cause, consequence, and management of fatigue. Transcripts were systematically analyzed by 2 researchers independently, relevant phrases were coded, and earlier transcripts were checked for the emerging codes. A random sample of analyses were independently reviewed. A total of 191 codes arising from the data were grouped into 46 categories and overarching themes.ResultsVivid descriptions reflect 2 types of fatigue: severe weariness and dramatic overwhelming fatigue. RA fatigue is different from normal tiredness because it is extreme, often not earned, and unresolving. Participants described physical, cognitive, and emotional components and attributed fatigue to inflammation, working the joints harder, and unrefreshing sleep. Participants described far‐reaching effects on physical activities, emotions, relationships, and social and family roles. Participants used self‐management strategies but with limited success. Most did not discuss fatigue with clinicians but when they did, they felt it was dismissed. Participants held negative views on the management of fatigue.ConclusionThe data show that RA fatigue is important, intrusive, and overwhelming, and patients struggle to manage it alone. These data on the complexity of fatigue experiences will help clinicians design measures, interventions, and self‐managment guidance.
Evaluation of the human activity profile for use with persons with arthritis
Authors: Bilek Laura D. , Venema Dawn M. , Camp Kristine L. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Meza Jane L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the Human Activity Profile (HAP), a questionnaire measuring physical activity, in persons with arthritis.MethodsTwenty‐eight subjects completed the following self‐report questionnaires: HAP, Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey, and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2. Subjects also completed a submaximal treadmill test, Timed‐Stands Test, and 50‐Foot Walk Test. Responses on the HAP resulted in 2 scores: the maximum activity score (MAS) and the adjusted activity score (AAS). These scores were correlated with the other tests and examined for test‐retest reliability. A subset of subjects participated in a 12‐week exercise program, repeating the same tests when finished.ResultsFor all subjects, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.76 for the MAS and 0.87 for the AAS. Significant correlations were found between the HAP scores and the questionnaires, submaximal treadmill test, Timed‐Stands Test, and 50‐Foot Walk Test. In response to 12 weeks of exercise, both HAP scores had an effect size of 0.5, similar to that of the other questionnaires.ConclusionThe ICCs demonstrate that the HAP is reliable, and the correlations between the HAP and other questionnaires, Timed‐Stands Test, and 50‐Foot Walk Test demonstrate that the HAP is a valid measure of physical function in persons with arthritis. The HAP's correlation with maximum oxygen consumption estimated by the treadmill test validates it as a measure of physical activity. The medium effect size (0.5) demonstrates that the HAP is moderately responsive to change. Its ease of use and broad scope make it a valuable assessment tool for persons with arthritis.
Pericarditis associated with nickel hypersensitivity to the Amplatzer occluder device: A case report
Authors: Lai Dominic W. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Araujo Jesus A. , Reidl Marc , Tobis Jonathan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA 38‐year‐old man with a history of migraine headaches with aura and one episode of ischemic stroke was found to have a patent foramen ovale (PFO). After percutaneous closure with the nickel‐containing Amplatzer PFO occluder, the patient developed pericarditis, atrial fibrillation, and increased migraine headaches with aura that abated with oral prednisone. He tested positive for nickel hypersensitivity, which we conclude is the likely etiology of his pericarditis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of ischemic stroke complicating cardiac catheterization with systemic thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Serry Rod , Tsimikas Sotirios , Imbesi Steven G. , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIschemic stroke is a rare but serious complication of cardiac catheterization. We report a case in which systemic thrombolytic therapy was successfully utilized in treating a patient with a cerebellar stroke, leading to obtundation during elective cardiac catheterization. Underlying bilateral vertebrobasilar disease with thrombotic embolization to the basilar artery was postulated to be the pathophysiological basis for the stroke and subsequent success of thrombolytic treatment in this patient. As the consequences of this rare complication are severe, systemic thrombolytic therapy should be considered for patients suffering an acute ischemic stroke during cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective assessment of hemodialysis access patency after percutaneous intervention: Cox proportional hazards analysis
Authors: Bittl John A. , Feldman Robert L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVascular access failure is the greatest limitation of successful hemodialysis, but the factors associated with long‐term patency have not been fully elucidated. Outcomes in a consecutive series of 294 thrombosed or failing accesses [128 fistulas (43.5%) and 166 grafts (56.5%) in 179 patients] were analyzed with life table and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Initial success was achieved in 275 of 294 accesses (95.6%). The median patency after intervention was 206 days (interquartile range, 79–457 days). Fistulas had longer median patency after intervention than grafts (286 vs. 170 days). Nonthrombosed accesses had longer median patency than thrombosed accesses (238 vs. 136 days), but thrombosed fistulas had similar median patency as thrombosed grafts (140 vs. 136 days). The selective use of stents as a bailout for failed balloon dilatation did not significantly reduce long‐term patency (196 days for stented accesses vs. 210 days for unstented accesses). Long‐term patency was inversely related to final access pressure, but access patency was not related to the presence of central venous occlusions, graft age, patient age, sex, or diabetes. Catheter‐based intervention of thrombosed and failing dialysis accesses significantly prolongs patency and usefulness of dialysis accesses. The expanding use of fistulas, improved detection of early access failure, and selective use of bailout stents should enhance long‐term access patency. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Macrocycle/Molecular‐Clip Complex that Functions as a Quadruply Controllable Molecular Switch
Authors: Chiang Pinn‐Tsong , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Lin Chi‐Feng , Liu Yi‐Hung , Lai Chien‐Chen , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chiu Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of a molecular clip with TTF side‐walls and its binding behavior towards electron‐deficient guests, namely the formation of macrocycle/molecular‐clip supramolecular complexes in solution. Four different sets of external stimuli—the K+/[2.2.2]cryptand, NH4+/Et3N and (p‐BrPh)3NSbCl6/Zn pairs, and heating/cooling cycles—control the movement of this molecular switch between its threaded and unthreaded states and provide color changes that are observable by the naked eye. This macrocycle/molecular‐clip complex system can be considered not only as a quadruple‐use molecular switch, but can also be operated by three of these stimuli as a three‐input molecular NOR‐functioning logic gate that may be monitored by UV‐visible spectroscopy.
Rastertunnelmikroskopie an chiralen Molekülen: Nanochemie
Authors: Böhringer Matthias , Berndt Richard , Schneider Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMit dem Rastertunnelmikroskop (RTM) können Atome und Moleküle auf Oberflächen direkt abgebildet und gezielt manipuliert werden. Damit ermöglicht das RTM eine Chemie auf Nanometerskala basierend auf Experimenten an Einzelmolekülen. Am Beispiel des 1‐Nitronaphthalin beschreiben wir Elemente einer Stereochemie an Einzelmolekülen. 1‐Nitronaphthalin nimmt bei Adsorption auf der Au(111) Oberfläche eine chirale Konfiguration an. Hochaufgelöste RTM‐Bilder spiegeln die asymmetrische elektronische Struktur der Moleküle wider und ermöglichen die Bestimmung der absoluten Konfiguration jedes einzelnen Moleküls in komplexen Überstukturen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich stereochemische Phänomene wie strukturelle Übergänge von chiralen in achirale Phasen unmittelbar beobachten. Schließlich zeigen wir, dass chirale Strukturen mit dem RTM auch gezielt manipuliert werden können und trennen eine racemische Mischung chiraler 1‐Nitronaphthalin‐Aggregate in die enantiomerenreinen Komponenten.
Organische Leuchtdioden: Bilderzeugung
Authors: Hertel Dirk , Müller Christoph David , Meerholz Klaus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDer vorliegende Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der Erforschung und Anwendung organischer Festkörper in Leuchtdioden. Im Fokus stehen dabei konjugierte Polymere als aktive Komponenten. Es werden wesentliche Grundlagen zur elektronischen Struktur von organischen Materialien erläutert, die zum Verständnis der Funktionsweise organischer Leuchtdioden hilfreich sind, bevor Herstellungsaspekte, Materialentwicklung und Bauteilgestaltung dargelegt werden.
Protein‐Qualitätskontrolle
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFalsch gefaltete Proteine können neurodegenerative Erkrankungen auslösen. In Nervenzellen wurde nun das Hilfsmolekül HSJ1 entdeckt, das die fehlerhaften Proteine erkennt und sie einem Abbau über das Proteasom zuleitet.
Lebensgrundlage Methan
Authors: Brückmann Warner , Niemann Helge 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAm pazifischen Kontinentalrand vor Zentralamerika, an dem die ozeanische Platte unter die Landbrücke Mittelamerikas subduziert, treten an submarinen Kuppen und Hangrutschungen Methan und Fluide aus dem Erdinneren aus. Anders als auf dem Land und in der lichtdurchfluteten Zone des Meeres, wo das Leben von der Sonne abhängig ist, bildet hier Methan die Lebensgrundlage für eine große Biomasse von chemosynthetischen Organismen.
Proposal for revision of the TNM classification system for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ficarra Vincenzo , Guillè François , Schips Luigi , de la Taille Alexander , Galetti Tommaso Prayer , Tostain Jacques , Cindolo Luca , Novara Giacomo , Zigeuner Richard , Bratti Emiliano , Li Guorong , Altieri Vincenzo , Abbou Claude C. , Zanolla Luisa , Artibani Walter , Patard Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study defined an optimal tumor size breakpoint to stratify localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) into groups with significantly different cancer‐related outcomes and proposed a revision of the TNM classification system.METHODSThe authors analyzed the data from 1138 patients who had undergone partial or radical nephrectomy for localized RCC at 7 European urologic centers. The optimal pathologic size breakpoint was calculated using the martingale residuals from a Cox proportional hazards regression model.RESULTSThe mean follow‐up time was 87 months. The scatterplot of tumor size versus expected risk of death per patient suggested that an interval of 5–6 cm was appropriate. A total of 720 (63.3%) and 418 (36.7%) patients had tumors measuring ≤ 5.5‐cm and tumors measuring > 5.5‐cm, respectively. Significant cancer‐specific survival differences between the two groups of patients were reported in the series by all the centers participating in the study. On univariate analysis, the other variables found to be associated with cancer‐specific survival were the patient's age, symptomatic tumor presentation, and the Fuhrman nuclear grade. On multivariate analysis, the pathologic stage of the primary tumor defined according to the 5.5‐cm breakpoint was found to be an independent predictor of cancer‐specific survival, as well as age, mode of presentation, and nuclear grade. According to the multivariate analysis, the authors clustered patients into 3 groups with statistically significant outcome differences: 1) patients with ≤ 5.5‐cm incidentally detected RCC; 2) patients with ≤ 5.5‐cm symptomatic RCC; and 3) patients with > 5.5‐cm RCC. This cancer‐related outcome stratification was valid regardless of the patient's age.CONCLUSIONSThe 5.5‐cm breakpoint was found to be the optimal tumor size breakpoint with which to stratify patients with organ‐confined RCC. The study supported the upgrade of the TNM classification system according to this breakpoint. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Costimulatory molecule B7‐H1 in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Thompson R. Houston , Gillett Michael D. , Cheville John C. , Lohse Christine M. , Dong Haidong , Webster W. Scott , Chen Lieping , Zincke Horst , Blute Michael L. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Kwon Eugene D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer cell expression of costimulatory molecule B7‐H1 has been implicated as a potent inhibitor of T‐cell–mediated antitumoral immunity. The authors recently reported that B7‐H1 is aberrantly expressed in primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Blockade of B7‐H1, as demonstrated in several murine cancer models, now represents a promising therapeutic target in RCC. However, the potential expression of B7‐H1 in metastatic RCC has not been investigated. In the current study, the authors updated their primary RCC results with additional follow‐up and investigated the potential role of B7‐H1 in metastatic RCC.METHODSBetween 2000 and 2004, 196 patients underwent nephrectomy and 26 patients had resection of RCC metastases for clear cell RCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tumor cryosections using a B7‐H1 monoclonal antibody (clone 5H1). A urologic pathologist quantified the percentage of B7‐H1–positive tumor cells and lymphocytes.RESULTSVariable levels of B7‐H1 were expressed on primary RCC tumor cells (n = 130 [66.3%]) and primary tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (n = 115 [58.7%]). Patients with high expression of B7‐H1 on primary tumor cells and/or lymphocytes were significantly more likely to die of RCC compared with patients with low B7‐H1 expression (risk ratio [RR] = 4.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.97–8.84; P < 0.001) and this risk persisted in multivariate analysis after adjusting for the Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade, and necrosis score (RR = 2.63; 96% CI, 1.23–5.64; P = 0.013). Of the 26 metastatic specimens, cancer cell and lymphocyte B7‐H1 expression were demonstrated in 17 (65.4%) and 18 (69.2%) specimens, respectively. In total, 14 (54.3%) metastatic specimens had high aggregate B7‐H1 levels compared with 44.4% in primary RCC specimens.CONCLUSIONSPatients with RCC with high B7‐H1 expression were significantly more likely to die even after multivariate analysis. The authors also demonstrated that a high percentage of RCC metastases similarly harbored B7‐H1. The authors surmised that B7‐H1 blockade may augment current immunotherapy, including patients treated for metastases after cytoreductive nephrectomy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Inactivation of PTEN is associated with a low p27Kip1 protein expression in breast carcinoma
Authors: Tsutsui Shinichi , Inoue Hiroshi , Yasuda Kazuhiro , Suzuki Kosuke , Tahara Kouichirou , Higashi Hidefumi , Era Shoichi , Mori Masaki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt was previously demonstrated that PTEN protein expression is reduced in 67 of 236 (28%) breast carcinomas. Recent experimental studies suggested that the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 (p27) is a downstream mediator through which PTEN negatively regulates cell cycle progression.METHODSThe immunohistochemic expression of p27 and PTEN protein expression was evaluated in a series of 228 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.RESULTSPTEN protein expression was found to have decreased in 65 of 228 (29%) cases, while the nuclear accumulation of p27 protein was low in 99 of 228 (43%) cases. A reduced PTEN protein expression correlated significantly (P = 0.0214) with a low p27 protein expression. Univariate analysis indicated that the patients demonstrating a combined decrease in PTEN and p27 protein expression have a significantly (P = 0.0044) worse disease‐free survival (DFS) than those with other combinations of these two protein expression patterns, while multivariate analysis indicated that the lymph node status, MIB‐1 counts, and the combination of PTEN/p27 protein expression (P = 0.0452) are independently significant prognostic factors for DFS.CONCLUSIONSA reduced PTEN protein expression correlated significantly with a low p27 protein expression in breast carcinoma. The finding that the patients with a combined decrease in both protein expressions had a poor prognosis thus suggests that a combined loss of PTEN and p27 function is associated with an aggressive phenotype in breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Fine structure of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials III: Periodic recursion coefficients
Authors: Simon Barry 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe discuss asymptotics of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials on the real line and on the unit circle when the recursion coefficients are periodic. The zeros on or near the absolutely continuous spectrum have a clock structure with spacings inverse to the density of zeros. Zeros away from the a.c. spectrum have limit points mod p and only finitely many of them. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.