bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of sensation‐related voiding patterns between continent and incontinent women: A study with a 3‐day sensation‐related bladder diary (SR‐BD)
Authors: Naoemova Irina , De Wachter Stefan , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAimTo describe and compare voiding patterns on a 3‐day sensation‐related bladder diary (SR‐BD) in women with urinary incontinence (UI) and healthy volunteers.MethodsA total of 251 women (224 incontinent patients and 27 healthy volunteers) who recorded a 3‐day SR‐BD and underwent standard cystometry participated in the study. Parameters from the 3‐day SR‐BD were compared between incontinent patients and healthy volunteers.ResultsCompared to continent women, all groups of incontinent women noted a significantly higher 24 hr voiding frequency, a greater voiding frequency per liter diuresis, a smaller mean voided volume for different degrees of bladder sensation with more voids made with higher intensity of desire to void. The smallest mean voided volumes for different degrees of desire to void and the highest voiding frequency per liter diuresis were observed in the urge incontinence group.ConclusionsThere were different sensation‐related voiding patterns on the 3‐day SR‐BD from incontinent women and healthy volunteers. All incontinence groups had increased bladder sensation compared to healthy volunteers. The most severe increase of bladder sensation was observed in the patients with urgency incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:511–514, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sudden death due to pulmonary embolism as presenting symptom of renal tumors
Authors: van den Heuvel‐Eibrink M. M. , Lankhorst B. , Egeler R. M. , Corel L. J. A. , Kollen W. J. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn 4–6% of patients with renal tumors in children intravascular infiltration is found. Tumor emboli are even rarer, and sudden death as presenting symptom has only been described at presentation in Wilms tumor (WT) in six cases so far. This report describes two recent cases of sudden death in patients with renal tumors in which a fatal pulmonary embolus was the first presentation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1062–1064. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Hepatitis B vaccination and multiple sclerosis: a data mining perspective
Authors: Hauben Manfred , Sakaguchi Motonobu , Patadia Vaishali , M Gerrits Charles 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2007; 16: 943–945DOI: 10.1002/pds.1420If has come to our attention that page 945 of this Letter to the Editor contained an error in the text. The published sentence currently reads from line 3:For example12 reported “impressively large” observed/expected ratios for the association of leukotriene receptor modifiers with Churg‐Strauss syndrome when they applied a data mining methodology to the US FDA AERS database, while13 failed to find any association using a nested case‐control study in US managed care organization databases.It should read:For example DuMouchel et al.12 reported “impressively large” observed/expected ratios for the association of leukotriene receptor modifiers with Churg‐Strauss syndrome when they applied a data mining methodology to the US FDA AERS database, while Harrold et al.13 failed to find any association using a nested case‐control study in US managed care organization databases.We apologise for this anomaly.
Molekulare Motoren und künstliche Nanomaschinen. Energiewandlung in Polymeren
Authors: Mickler Moritz , Hugel Thorsten 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn biologischen molekularen Motoren können heute Einzelmolekül‐Experimente unter physiologischen Bedingungen durchgeführt werden. Das Beispiel des DNS‐packenden Motors des Bakteriophagen Φ29 zeigt, wie sich damit Einblicke in ihre Funktionweise gewinnen lassen. Dieser Motor wandelt chemische Energie in mechanische Arbeit um. Damit schiebt er die vom Wirtsbakterium vervielfältigte virale DNS in die Proteinkapsel des neuen Bakteriophagen. Die Imitation solcher komplexer molekularer Motoren liegt noch in weiter Ferne. Das Beispiel des Azobenzol‐Polymers zeigt jedoch, wie ein synthetischer molekularer Motor funktionieren kann. Es lässt sich mit Lichtpulsen zwischen einem langen und einem kurzen Zustand hin und her schalten. Der Hebelarm eines Rasterkraft‐Mikroskops kann das wie ein Kolben in mechanische Bewegung übersetzen. Das optomechanische Verhalten dieses molekularen Motors ist bereits gut verstanden.
Vom horror vacui zur Vakuumenergie
Authors: Heering Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBis ins 17. Jahrhundert hinein existierte die Vorstellung, dass ein leerer Raum naturwidrig sei. Erst mit der Etablierung der experimentellen Methode und insbesondere durch die Arbeiten Otto von Guerickes und Robert Boyles wurde das Vakuum etabliert. Neue Pumpentechniken ermöglichten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert das Herstellen immer niedrigerer Teilchenkonzentrationen in einem Raum. Schließlich führte die Quantenphysik zu veränderten konzeptionellen Überlegungen, die die Existenz eines absoluten Vakuums erneut in Frage stellen.
Schätzen, rechnen, Größenordnungen erschließen
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDenken in Größen und Größenordnungen ist eine der wichtigsten Komponenten naturwissenschaftlichen Arbeitens. So wichtig, dass es in der Ausbildung von Naturwissenschaftlern und Lehrern von Naturwissenschaften eine besondere Rolle spielt. Der italienische Physiker Enrico Fermi war berühmt für seine Fähigkeit, eine komplexe Fragestellung auf das Wesentliche zu reduzieren und größenordnungsmäßig zu lösen. Mit der neuen Serie Fermis Corner wollen wir diese Kunst fortführen.
Glucocorticoid receptor disruption delays structural maturation in the lungs of newborn mice
Authors: Nemati Baharak , Atmodjo Wayhuni , Gagnon Stéphane , Humes Daryl , McKerlie Colin , Kaplan Feige , Sweezey Neil B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn order to better understand the regulation of lung maturation by glucocorticoid–glucocorticoid receptor signaling, we studied glucocorticoid receptor (GR) hypomorphic mice with a mixed C57Bl6/129 sv background, in which disruption of exon 2 of the GR gene produces an N‐terminal truncated GR protein. Four groups of mice were compared: homozygous mice that die at birth (non‐survivors), homozygous mice that survive the neonatal period (survivors), heterozygotes and wild‐type mice. Newborn non‐survivors had 50% thicker airspace walls and a 46% decrease in the formation of secondary crests (the beginning of alveolar secondary septation) compared to either survivor or wild‐type littermates (n = 9 mice in each group). The lung tissue to airspace ratio in homozygous mice not expressing wild‐type GR (non‐survivor and survivor) was increased compared to heterozygotes and wild‐type mice that do express wild‐type GR (0.91 ± 0.08 vs. 0.49 ± 0.02, n = 4 in each of the four subgroups), suggesting that complete morphological maturation of the lung is dependent on effective glucocorticoid signaling through a fully functional GR. Moreover, the relatively mature lung morphology of survivor versus non‐survivor newborns suggests that a partial reduction in mesenchymal thickness is compatible with capillary remodeling, alveolar septation, and viable respiratory function after birth. Our findings suggest that in mice homozygous for disrupted GR, the severity of newborn respiratory insufficiency correlates with the degree of lung structural immaturity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:125–133. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of AlH···HO dihydrogen bond on the reaction between diphenylmethanol and pyrazolate‐bridged dialuminum complex. An ONIOM DFT/AM1 study
Authors: Shi Fu‐Qiang , Song Bao‐An 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo elucidate the nature of the AlH···HO dihydrogen bond and its effect on the reaction between diphenylmethanol and pyrazolate‐bridged dialuminum complex, a theoretical study was carried out using the ONIOM(B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p):AM1) method. Calculations indicate that this reaction is a two‐step process. The first step is nucleophilic addition and the resulting intermediate is stabilized by an AlH···HO dihydrogen bond. Topology analyses based on the “atoms‐in‐molecules” theory show that the AlH···HO dihydrogen bond in dialuminum intermediate is stronger than normal hydrogen bond. This step is not barrierless, which is contrary to the result predicted by using simplified model. The second step, eliminating a molecule of dihydrogen, requires an activation free energy of 9.9 kcal/mol in gas phase, which implies the simplified model underestimates the energy barrier of this elimination step. ONIOM calculations also show that, using the simplified model without zero‐point energy correction, the dihydrogen bonding strength has been underestimated and unreliable results have been obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Postmortem fetal organ volumetry using magnetic resonance imaging and comparison to organ weights at conventional autopsy
Authors: Breeze A. C. G. , Gallagher F. A. , Lomas D. J. , Smith G. C. S. , Lees C. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectivesFollowing perinatal death, organ weights at autopsy may provide evidence of growth restriction and pulmonary hypoplasia. Whilst postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide comparable information to autopsy about structural abnormalities, its ability to provide reproducible data about organ size has yet to be determined. We examined the feasibility of using postmortem MRI to provide estimates of organ size and weight.MethodsTwenty‐five fetuses of gestational age from 16 to 40 weeks underwent postmortem MRI prior to autopsy. Fetal lung, brain and liver volume estimations were performed by two observers using the stereology technique on postmortem MRI slices. Fetal lung, brain and liver weights were recorded at autopsy. Organ volume estimates and autopsy organ weights were compared using regression analysis, and estimates of fetal organ densities made. Interobserver variability was assessed using a Bland–Altman plot. Receiver–operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis compared MRI brain : liver volume ratios to autopsy brain : liver weight ratios.ResultsA linear relationship between organ volume estimates and organ weight was observed. Estimated densities for the fetal brain, liver and lung were 1.08 g/cm3, 1.15 g/cm3 and 1.15 g/cm3, respectively. Interobserver 5th and 95th percentile limits of agreement for fetal brain, liver and lung were − 5.4% to + 7.9%, − 11.8% to + 8.3% and − 14.3% to + 8.7%, respectively. For MRI organ volumes to detect a brain weight : liver weight ratio ≥ 4, ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.61, with an optimal cut‐off of 4.1.ConclusionPostmortem MRI organ volumetry can be used to estimate weights of major fetal organs. This may increase the information obtained from a minimally‐invasive perinatal autopsy, particularly in the context of pulmonary hypoplasia and intrauterine growth restriction, where differential organ growth plays a major part in assessment of the underlying pathology. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blogging: Lessons and Challenges
Authors: Mills Andrew 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAndrew Mills, of Freeth Cartwright LLP, gave a paper at the 38th Annual BIALL Study Conference in Sheffield in June 2007 on blogging. He describes how he set up IMPACT(R), his blog, which covers intellectual property and IT issues. He describes the software he used and the potential pitfalls involved when starting out. He emphasises the importance of using RSS feeds and considers whether blogs will present a threat to traditional hard copy publishing because of the speed with which they can communicate information.
Resources Loved, Resources Shunned: LPC and BVC Students at the Inns of Court School of Law and their Library Use
Authors: Batts Sara 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article by Sarah Batts discusses findings from a dissertation research project investigating LPC and BVC students' use of resources in supporting their legal research. Although there are many similarities between the two cohorts in the tasks they find difficult, or their use of a virtual learning environment, there are also key differences in the sources of help they would turn to first to look for answers to problems. This understanding of the different emphasis that students place on different resources provokes a number of questions which, if addressed, could help promote a positive library experience for students.
Son of Notch, a Winged‐helix Gene Involved in Boundary Formation in the Drosophila Wing
Authors: Park Eungsik , Suh Hyunsuk , Kim Changsoo , Park Seungwoo , Dorsett Dale , Yim Jeongbin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA P element enhancer trap screen was conducted to identify genes involved in dorsal‐ventral boundary formation in Drosophila. The son of Notch (son) gene was identified by the son2205 enhancer trap insertion, which is a partial loss‐of‐function mutation. Based on son2205 mutant phenotypes and genetic interactions with Notch and wingless mutations, we conclude that son participates in wing development, and functions in the Notch signaling pathway at the dorsal‐ventral boundary in the wing. Notch signaling pathway components activate son enhancer trap expression in wing cells. son enhancer trap expression is regulated positively by wingless, and negatively by cut in boundary cells. Ectopic Son protein induces wingless and cut expression in wing discs. We hypothesize that there is positive feedback regulation of son by wingless, and negative regulation by cut at the dorsal‐ventral boundary during wing development.
Role of the MRP1/ABCC1 Multidrug Transporter Protein in Cancer
Authors: Munoz Marcia , Henderson Michelle , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMultidrug resistance is a major obstacle to cancer treatment and leads to poor prognosis for the patient. Multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1) transports a wide range of therapeutic agents as well as diverse physiological substrates and may play a role in the development of drug resistance in several cancers including those of the lung, breast and prostate, as well as childhood neuroblastoma. The majority of patients with neuroblastoma present with widely disseminated disease at diagnosis and despite intensive treatment, the prognosis for such patients is dismal. There is increasing evidence that MRP1 is a MYCN target gene involved in the development of multidrug resistance in neuroblastoma. Given the importance of MRP1 overexpression in neuroblastoma, MRP1 inhibition may be a clinically relevant approach to improving patient outcome in this disease.
affyGG: computational protocols for genetical genomics with Affymetrix arrays
Authors: Alberts Rudi , Vera Gonzalo , Jansen Ritsert C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Motivation: Affymetrix arrays use multiple probes per gene to measure mRNA abundances. Standard software takes averages over probes. Important information may be lost if polymorphisms in the mRNA affect the hybridization of individual probes.
Results: We present custom software to analyze genetical genomics experiments in human, mouse and other organisms: (i) an R package providing functions for QTL analysis at the individual probe level and (ii) Perl scripts providing custom tracks in the UCSC Genome Browser to check for sequence polymorphisms in probe regions.
Availability: http://gbic.biol.rug.nl/supplementary
Contact: r.c.jansen@rug.nl
A new algorithm for cluster analysis of genomic methylation: the Helicobacter pylori case
Authors: Vale F.F. , Encarnação P. , Vítor J. M. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Motivation: The genomic methylation analysis is useful to type bacteria that have a high number of expressed type II methyltransferases. Methyltransferases are usually committed to Restriction and Modification (R-M) systems, in which the restriction endonuclease imposes high pressure on the expression of the cognate methyltransferase that hinder R-M system loss. Conventional cluster methods do not reflect this tendency. An algorithm was developed for dendrogram construction reflecting the propensity for conservation of R-M Type II systems.
Results: The new algorithm was applied to 52 Helicobacter pylori strains from different geographical regions and compared with conventional clustering methods. The algorithm works by first grouping strains that share a common minimum set of R-M systems and gradually adds strains according to the number of the R-M systems acquired. Dendrograms revealed a cluster of African strains, which suggest that R-M systems are present in H.pylori genome since its human host migrates from Africa.
Availability: The software files are available at http://www.ff.ul.pt/paginas/jvitor/Bioinformatics/MCRM_algorithm.zip
Contact: filipavale@fe.ucp.pt
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Induction of L1 and L2 β-Lactamases of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Hu Rouh-Mei , Huang Kuang-Jay , Wu Lii-Tzu , Hsiao Ying-Ju , Yang Tsuey-Ching 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Isogenic L1 and L2 gene knockout mutants of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
KJ (KJΔL1 and KJΔL2, respectively) were constructed by
xylE
gene replacement. Induction kinetics of the L1 and L2 genes were evaluated by testing catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the mutants. The results suggested that the induction of the L1 and L2 genes was differentially regulated.
Adsorption of Amikacin, a Significant Mechanism of Elimination by Hemofiltration
Authors: Tian Qi , Gomersall Charles D. , Ip Margaret , Tan Perpetua E. , Joynt Gavin M. , Choi Gordon Y. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

We used an in vitro model of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) to characterize amikacin adsorption by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyamide filters. A blood-crystalloid mixture dosed with amikacin was pumped from a reservoir through a hemofiltration circuit and back to the reservoir. All ultrafiltrate was also returned to the reservoir. The level of adsorption was calculated from the fall in the amikacin concentration. The dose and the initial concentration of amikacin were varied, as were the pH, the type of hemofilter, and the hemofilter surface area. The reversibility of adsorption and the effect of repeated dosing were also studied. The level of adsorption by 0.6-m
2
PAN filters was significantly greater than that by 0.6-m
2
polyamide filters. Adsorption was increased by increasing the dose of amikacin even when the initial concentration was unchanged. It was unaffected by the pH (pH 6.8 or 7.4) or the hemofilter surface area (0.6 m
2
or 0.9 m
2
). Repeated doses of amikacin resulted in further adsorption. In a saturation experiment, the maximum adsorptive capacity of 0.6-m
2
PAN hemofilters was at least 546.9 mg (range, 427.6 to 577.5 mg). The adsorption of amikacin by hemofilters is irreversible and was associated with the dose and the hemofilter material but not the hemofilter surface area. Close monitoring of peak amikacin levels should be considered for patients receiving CVVH with PAN hemofilters.
Relative Replication Capacity and Selective Advantage Profiles of Protease Inhibitor-Resistant Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS3 Protease Mutants in the HCV Genotype 1b Replicon System
Authors: He Yupeng , King Martin S. , Kempf Dale J. , Lu Liangjun , Lim Hock Ben , Krishnan Preethi , Kati Warren , Middleton Timothy , Molla Akhteruzzaman 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTWe characterized the selective advantage profiles of a panel of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease mutants with three HCV protease inhibitors (PIs), BILN-2061, ITMN-191, and VX-950, using a genotype 1b HCV replicon system. Selective advantage curves were generated by a novel mathematical method that factors in the degree of drug susceptibility provided by the mutation, the base-level replication capacity of the mutant in the absence of drugs, and the overall viral replication levels as a function of drug concentration. Most of the mutants showed significantly increased selective advantages over the wild-type species upon drug treatment. Each drug is associated with unique selective advantage profiles that reflect its antiviral activity and mutant susceptibility. Five mutants (R155K/Q, A156T, and D168A/V) showed significant levels of selective advantage after treatment with >10 nM (∼7 times the wild-type 50% effective concentration [EC50]) of BILN-2061. R155K displayed dominant levels of selective advantage over the other mutants upon treatment with ITMN-191 over a broad range of concentrations. Upon VX-950 treatment, various mutants (A156T, A156S, R155K, T54A, V170A, V36M/R155K, and R155Q) exhibited high levels of selective advantage in different drug concentration ranges, with A156T and A156S being the dominant mutants at >3 μM (∼10 times the wild-type EC50) of VX-950. This method provides more accurate estimates of the behavior of various mutants under drug pressure than replication capacity analysis. We noted that the R155K mutant shows reduced susceptibility to all three PIs and significant selective advantage, raising concern over the potential emergence of R155K as a multidrug-resistant, highly fit mutant in HCV patients treated with PIs.
In Vitro Capability of Faropenem To Select for Resistant Mutants of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Kosowska-Shick Klaudia , Clark Catherine , Credito Kim , Dewasse Bonifacio , Beachel Linda , Ednie Lois , Appelbaum Peter C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

When tested against nine strains of pneumococci and six of
Haemophilus influenzae
of various resistotypes, faropenem failed to select for resistant mutants after 50 days of consecutive subculture in subinhibitory concentrations. Faropenem also yielded low rates of spontaneous mutations against all organisms of both species. By comparison, resistant clones were obtained with macrolides, ketolides, and quinolones.
Antigen Delivered by Anthrax Lethal Toxin Induces the Development of Memory CD8
+
T Cells That Can Be Rapidly Boosted and Display Effector Functions
Authors: Shaw Christine A. , Starnbach Michael N. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

Memory CD8
+
T cells are essential for protective immunity against many intracellular pathogens; therefore, stimulation of this population of cells is an important goal of vaccination. We have previously shown that a detoxified derivative of
Bacillus anthracis
anthrax lethal toxin (LT) can deliver heterologous CD8
+
T-cell epitopes to the major histocompatibility complex class I processing and presentation pathway of murine host cells and that immunization of mice with these LT-antigen fusion proteins leads to the induction of antigen-specific CD8
+
T cells. In this report we extend these findings to include a detailed characterization of the phenotypic and functional properties of the T cells stimulated by the LT-based system. We found that after an initial period of expansion and contraction, antigen-specific CD8
+
T cells differentiated into a pool of memory cells that produced gamma interferon and displayed in vivo cytotoxic activity. The transition to memory cells appeared to be quite rapid based on an analysis of the phenotypic marker CD127 and the effectiveness of a booster immunization administered early after the initial immunization. We also investigated the composition of the memory T-cell pool induced by this system and found that while one immunization induced a mixture of effector memory T cells (CD62L
low
) and central memory T cells (CD62L
high
), a second immunization preferentially elevated the effector memory T-cell frequency. Finally, we demonstrated that mice that received prime-boost immunizations of LT-antigen proteins were more protected in a
Listeria monocytogenes
challenge model than mice that received only one immunization.