bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Bundesgerichtshof‐Urteil zum Schallschutz vom 14. 6. 2007 (VII ZR 45/06) – welche Klarheit zum Thema hat es bislang für die Praxis gebracht?
Authors: Locher‐Weiß Susanne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTragfähiger Untergrund ist die Basis allen Bauens, wobei es unsicheren Baugrund nicht nur in geologischem Sinne gibt – auch die Vereinbarungen zum Bausoll der verschiedenen Vertragsparteien sind häufig “auf Sand gebaut“. Dies gilt insbesondere im Bereich der vertraglichen Regelungen zum Schallschutz, wie sie auch dem Sachverhalt (vgl. nachstehenden Abschn. 2.1.), den der Bundesgerichtshof in seiner die Bauwirtschaft aufrüttelnden Entscheidung vom 14. 6. 2007 (Aktenzeichen: VII ZR 45/06) zu beurteilen hatte, zugrunde lagen. Das Urteil hat viel Staub aufgewirbelt, der sich noch nicht wieder gelegt hat. Dies schon allein deshalb, weil der Bundesgerichtshof etliche Fragen angerissen und angedacht hat, letztendlich aber die Sache zur weiteren Sachverhaltsaufklärung und Entscheidung an das Oberlandesgericht Hamm zurückverwiesen hat. Die dortige Entscheidung steht noch aus.
A New‐Keynesian DSGE model for forecasting the South African economy
Authors: Liu Guangling ‘Dave’ , Gupta Rangan , Schaling Eric 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper develops a New‐Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) model for forecasting the growth rate of output, inflation, and the nominal short‐term interest rate (91 days Treasury Bill rate) for the South African economy. The model is estimated via maximum likelihood technique for quarterly data over the period of 1970:1–2000:4. Based on a recursive estimation using the Kalman filter algorithm, out‐of‐sample forecasts from the NKDSGE model are compared with forecasts generated from the classical and Bayesian variants of vector autoregression (VAR) models for the period 2001:1–2006:4. The results indicate that in terms of out‐of‐sample forecasting, the NKDSGE model outperforms both the classical and Bayesian VARs for inflation, but not for output growth and nominal short‐term interest rate. However, differences in RMSEs are not significant across the models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective enhancement of metastatic capacity in mouse bladder carcinoma cells after transfection with dna from liver metastases of human colon carcinoma
Authors: Radler‐Pohl Adriana , Schirrmacher Jens Pohl Volker 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo identify sequences associated with a metastatic pheno‐type, DNA fragments isolated from 2 separate human colon carcinoma metastases were transfected into a mouse bladder carcinoma cell line together with the neoR gene as selectable marker. It was found that bulk populations of neomycin resistant cells carrying these human sequences caused more metastases in syngeneic mice than did control cells transfected with calf thymus DNA. Cells isolated from metastases retained the highly metastases phenotype when transferred to secondary hosts.
Steroidumwandelnde Enzyme aus Mikroorganismen. XIII. Beziehungen zwischen Steroidstruktur und Induktion der 4‐En‐3‐oxosteroid: (Akzeptor)‐l‐en‐oxidoreduktase in Nocardia opaca
Authors: Hörhold C. , Hüller E. , Rose G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe induction of the 4‐ene‐3‐oxosteroid: (acceptor)‐1‐ene‐oxidoreductase in Nocardia opaca has been shown to be dependent on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic structural features of the steroid molecule, i. g. the nature of the oxygen function in positions 11 and 20 and the presence of the methyl group in position 10 influence the induction of the enzyme drastically. In this connection the metabolism of the steroid inductors being degradated during the induction process has been considered.
Thermoviscoelastic Behavior of Film‐Insert‐Molded Parts Prepared under Various Processing Conditions
Authors: Kim Seong Yun , Lee Seung Hwan , Baek Soo Jin , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFilm‐insert‐molded (FIM) tensile specimens were prepared under various molding conditions to investigate the effects of wall temperature and packing pressure on the residual stress distribution and thermoviscoelastic deformation. The warpage of the specimen increased with increasing mold‐wall temperature difference and decreased with increasing packing pressure. The FIM specimens produced with unannealed films showed the warpage reversal phenomenon (WRP) during annealing and the degree of WRP was affected significantly by the molding conditions and thermal shrinkage of the film. The warpage of the specimen was predicted by three‐dimensional flow and stress analyses and the prediction was in good agreement with the experimental results.magnified image
Question effects on information processing in advertising
Authors: Howard Daniel J. , Burnkrant Robert E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis research reports the results of a study in which pre‐questions and post‐questions are employed in a radio commercial. Responses of subjects exposed to questions are compared to responses of other subjects exposed to content equivalent statements. Also manipulated in this research is the length of a pause after commercial arguments. Post‐questions were found to be more effective in facilitating information processing than post‐statements. However, pre‐questions and combined (both pre‐ and post‐) questions were not more effective than pre‐statements and combined statements respectively. Further, the length of the pause did not affect outcomes. Results are discussed in terms of the conditions under which questions may and may not be expected to increase message processing. Different theoretical views are presented in explaining the pattern of results observed.
The proximal promoter governs germ cell‐specific expression of the mouse glutathione transferase mGstm5 gene
Authors: Dehari Hironari , Tchaikovskaya Tatyana , Rubashevsky Eugeny , Sellers Rani , Listowsky Irving 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo explain the tissue‐selective expression patterns of a distinct subclass of glutathione S‐transferase (GST), transgenic mice expressing EGFP under control of a 2 kb promoter sequence in the 5′‐flanking region of the mGstm5 gene were produced. The intent of the study was to establish whether the promoter itself or whether posttranscriptional mechanisms, particularly at the levels of mRNA translation and stability or protein targeting, based on unique properties of mGSTM5, determine the restricted expression pattern. Indeed, the transgene expression was limited to testis as the reporter was not detected in somatic tissues such as brain, kidney or liver, indicating that the mGstm5 proximal promoter is sufficient to target testis‐specific expression of the gene. EGFP expression was also more restricted vis‐a‐vis the natural mGstm5 gene and exclusively found in germ but not in somatic cells. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) data were consistent with alternate transcription start sites in which the promoter region of the natural mGstm5 gene in somatic cells is part of exon 1 of the germ cell transcript. Thus, the primary transcription start site for mGstm5 is upstream of a TATA box in testis and downstream of this motif in somatic cells. The 5′ flanking sequence of the mGstm5 gene imparts germ cell‐specific transcription. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 379–388, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manual stimulation of the orbicularis oculi muscle improves eyelid closure after facial nerve injury in adult rats
Authors: Bischoff Anna , Grosheva Maria , Irintchev Andrey , Skouras Emmanouil , Kaidoglou Katerina , Michael Joern , Angelova Srebrina K. , Kuerten Stefanie , Sinis Nektarios , Dunlop Sarah A. , Angelov Doychin N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe have shown that manual stimulation of rat whisker‐pad muscles following facial–facial‐anastomosis (FFA) restores normal whisking by lowering the proportion of polyinnervated motor endplates. Here we examined whether manual stimulation of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) after FFA would also improve outcome. Blink responses to standardized air puffs were analyzed using video‐based motion analysis. Two months after FFA, blink capacity was impaired, as indicated by a largely increased minimum distance between the eyelids after air‐puff stimulation compared with intact rats (2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 0.2 ± 0.01 mm). Manual stimulation reduced this deficit by a factor of two (1.3 ± 0.5 mm). The functional improvement after manual stimulation was associated with a 2‐fold decrease in the proportion of polyinnervated OOM endplates (21 ± 10% vs. 42 ± 10% without manual stimulation, 0% in intact rats). We conclude that manual stimulation is a noninvasive and simple procedure with immediate potential for clinical rehabilitation of eyelid closure following facial nerve injury. Muscle Nerve, 2008
An animal model of chemotherapy‐induced vagal neuropathy
Authors: Weissman‐Fogel Irit , Dashkovsky Arkadi , Rogowski Zeev , Yarnitsky David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study we establish an animal model of chemotherapy‐induced autonomic neuropathy. Rats were injected with vincristine (30 and 100 μg/kg/day) for 2 weeks while cardiovascular parameters were collected telemetrically. Vincristine caused a dose‐dependent decrease in vagal activity expressed by decreased parasympathetic parameters of heart rate variability, without expression of damage to the cardiac sympathetic innervation. This model can serve in assessing the potential contribution of chemotherapy‐induced vagal neuropathy to morbidity and mortality. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Test–retest reliability of pelvic floor muscle contraction measured by 4D ultrasound
Authors: Brækken Ingeborg Hoff , Majida Memona , Engh Marie Ellström , BØ Kari 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate test‐retest measurements of functional aspects of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction using four dimensional (4D) ultrasound.MethodsSeventeen females preformed three maximal PFM contractions in standing, recorded by 4D real time ultrasound, on two separate occasions.ResultsVery good and good reliability was fond for measurement of: Levator hiatus (LH) area, LH antero‐posterior dimension, LH transverse dimension, puborectal muscle length and LH narrowing. Shortening of LH transverse distance and muscle length during contraction showed poor and fair reliability, respectively. In the mid sagittal plane the displacement of bladder neck, rectal ampulla and back sling of the poborectal muscle measured with on screen vector assessment demonstrated good reliability. During contraction the LH area was reduced 25% from resting area of 19.7 cm2 (95% CI = 16.8‐‐22.7) to 14.70 cm2 (95% CI = 12.82‐‐16.58). The muscle length shortened 21%, from 12.5 cm (95% CI = 11.1‐‐13.8) to 9.70 cm (95% CI = 8.73‐‐10.67). The mid urethra moved 1.1 mm (95% CI = 0.1‐‐2.2) towards the pubic bone during contraction. The back sling of the puborectal muscle and the rectal ampulla had a greater displacement than the bladder neck (P > .004). The displacement of the pelvic organs was two times, or more, greater in the cranial versus anterior direction.Conclusions4D ultrasound can reliable assess muscle length, narrowing of LH area, reduction of LH antero‐posterior dimension and lift of BN, rectal ampulla and back sling of the puborectal muscle. Hence, both squeeze and lift can be quantified during PFM contraction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:68–73, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Origin of Lateral Fringes on Crystals Grown from the Melt
Authors: de Grinberg D. K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlkali halide single crystals were grown by the Kyropoulos method, using rotatory and fixed seeds. In both techniques, horizontal fringes appear on the lateral surface of the crystals, which are parallel to the interface. The interfringe distance was found to be related with the thermodynamical constants of the material. From the analysis of heat transfer during the growth an expression was deduced which relates the thermodynamical constants, and the crystal and seed dimensions with the rate of growth. This formula is in good agreement with the experimental results. A mechanism of discontinuous growth, based on the effect of impurities at the moving interface, is suggested to explain the appearance of the fringes in both rotatory or fixed seed techniques. This mechanism is also used to interpret the results of other authors, which were not explained by other proposed mechanisms.
Strahlensättigung und Defektstruktur in Festkörpern Von
Authors: Balarin M. , Hauser O. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAusgehend von Arbeiten von Lück und Sizmann [2, 3] über das sättigungsartige Anwachsen der Defektkonzentration bei der Bestrahlung von Festkörpern wird eine einfache analytische Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung der Sättigungskonzentration und des Einzugsvolumens α für die spontane Rekombination angegeben. Es wird berücksichtigt, daß je nach Defektstruktur zwei Fälle auftreten: Im Falle der statistischen Erzeugung von isolierten Punktdefekten ist das Einzugsvolumen von der erreichten Defektkonzentration abhängig, im Falle von Defektkaskaden ergibt sich ein konstanter effektiver Wert für das Einzugsvolumen. Aus verschiedenen Bestrahlungsexperimenten werden für einige Metalle die Einzugsvolumina berechnet.
The Fundamental Absorption Edge of Doped CdS Single Crystals
Authors: Brodin M. S. , Vitrikhovskii N. I. , Kurik M. V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn investigation is made of the fundamental absorption edge of single crystals of CdS at 300, 77, and 20.4 °K. The crystals have In and Ga donors, and Cu and Ag acceptors. It is shown that for donor concentrations between 1018 and 1019 cm−3 the absorption edge is shifted towards longer wavelengths. The acceptors do not lead to any changes in the absorption edge. The shift of the absorption edge by the donors and its effect on the exciton spectrum is discussed. The effect is thought to be associated with the deformation of the valence band and the formation of the “tail” of the density of states.
Accomplishment of the Analysis of an Edge Dislocation for a Simple Cubic Lattice
Authors: Gallina V. , Galotto C. P. , Omini M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn edge type dislocation in a simple cubic lattice is studied with the inclusion of a new double row of forces confined to the core. Particular emphasis is given to the distortion in the neighbourhood of the dislocation line. The theory is based on a new formula which gives the lattice distortion arising from the introduction into the crystal of a point force, the discrete structure of the medium being taken into consideration. The resulting displacements are linear functions of some matrices whose values are tabulated for the core atoms. At greater distances from the dislocation line the present solutions are substantially the same as the classical ones.
Damping of the Electron Spectrum and Quantum Theory of Galvanomagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Askerov B. M. , Gashimzade F. M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe components of the conductivity tensor in the presence of a magnetic field are calculated, the quantization of the electron orbits being taken into account. The interaction between the electrons and lattice imperfections is included in the one‐particle Green's function of the electron, and the response of the latter on the external perturbation is studied. A linear approximation is used for the external field. The interactions of the electrons with the impurities (infinitely localized, ionized) and phonons (acoustical, optical) is based on the Born approximation.
Elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtung der Strukturänderung von K2PdCl4 Von
Authors: Demny J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn dünnen Schichten von K2PdCl4 bilden sich bei etwas erhöhter Elektronenbestrahlung lammellenartige Ausscheidungen, die zu neuen Reflexen im Elektronenbeugungsdiagramm führen. Aus Hell‐ und Dunkelfeldabbildungen sowie Beugungsdiagrammen kann geschlossen werden, daß es sich bei den Lamellen um eine neue Struktur des K2PdCl4 mit raumzentrierter tetragonaler Elementarzelle handelt.
Ein Modell für die Keimbildung der Stapelfehlertetraeder in abgeschrecktem Gold Von
Authors: Chik K.‐P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie Keimbildung von Stapelfehlertetraedern in abgeschrecktem Gold wird auf Grund eines Modells erklärt, wonach die Keime durch einen Dreierstoß von Einfach‐, Doppel‐ und Dreifachleerstellen gebildet werden. Die Keime wirken nach ihrer Bildung als effektive Senken für die beweglichen Leerstellen. Es werden Gleichungen für die Variation der Tetraederdichte mit Leerstellenkonzentration und Temperatur und für die Kinetik der Keimbildung gegeben. Ein quantitativer Vergleich zwischen Theorie und Experiment ergibt als Bindungsenergie und als Assoziationsentropie von Dreifachleerstellen 0,3 eV bzw. 3,5 k. Die Vierfach‐ und Fünffachleerstellen sind wahrscheinlich instabil, während die Wanderungsenergie der Dreifachleerstellen vermutlich zwischen den entsprechenden Energien der Einfach‐ und der Doppelleerstellen liegt.
Localized Vibration States in Molecular Lattices
Authors: Dettmann K. , Ludwig W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn molecular lattices besides small translational motions of the molecules small librational motions are possible. In general there is a coupling between the two types of motion. If there are defects in the lattice, localized vibrational states can occur, both for translational and librational modes. These modes are investigated using the simple model of a linear lattice of dumpbell‐molecules. From a general discussion of the Green's function it follows that the frequencies of the localized librational states can occur in the region of the spectrum which in the ideal lattice is dominated by the translational modes and vice versa. Also both kinds of localized state can have frequencies in regions where there are no ideal lattice frequencies. Further, it is possible to have more localized librational than translational states.
Impact Ionisation Theory for Traps in Semiconductors
Authors: Cohen M. E. , Landsberg P. T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEstimates are obtained for the impact ionisation probability per unit time (Pk) that an electron of wave vector k and energy Ek will impact ionise an electron from a hydrogenlike donor state specified by quantum numbers n and 1 and an ionisation energy Et. Bloch functions, hydrogen‐like wave functions, first order perturbation theory, and a non‐degenerate material with a parabolic conduction band indicate the basis of the calculation. The work goes beyond the authors' previous (1967) treatment in the extension of the theory to shallow impurities and more energetic electrons. The analytical part of the earlier work could handle only the limit Ek ≈ Et. The difficulty of going beyond this limit arises from the fact that the square of a Gegenbauer polynomial, involving wave vectors to be integrated, occurs in a matrix element which has the square of a Fourier coefficient of a hydrogen‐like function as a factor. By overcoming this difficulty, one can find expressions for the cases when Et/Ek < 1. The earlier treatment, which yielded Pk = 0 for n − l even when Et ≈ Ek is sharpened by finding numerical estimates for Pk (> 0) for a range of values of Et/Ek when n − l is even. These transitions can therefore not strictly speaking be regarded as forbidden. Results which are more reliable than the earlier ones are also obtained when n − l is odd. Results are obtained for the l‐dependence when n is fixed.
Single Phonon X‐ray Scattering from Alkali Halides II. Ionic Deformation Scattering
Authors: Reid J. S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMethods and difficulties of comparing experimental and theoretical deformation scattering intensities are considered. The phenomenological approach is developed through the model of centrosymmetric deformations which has previously been used to describe experimental intensities in NaCl and NaF. This model is extended beyond nearest neighbour interactions and reapplied to the experimental intensities. The nearest neighbour coupling parameters change substantially. Antisymmetric deformations are examined through the widely used rigid shell models. For NaCl and NaF, values of the scattering intensities along symmetry directions are calculated, assuming a simple interpretation of the shell model parameters. The large discrepancy between the small intensities of the shell models and the arger intensities of the phenomenological models is discussed and it is concluded that more small sin θ/λ experimental intensity measurements are urgently required.
Relaxation croisée 5D3, (Γ3, Γ4)→ 7F6(2Γ2) de l'ion Tb3+ dans CaWO4 − Détection optique
Authors: Fournier D. , Boccara A. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNous avons détecté, it à partir de la polarisation de la fluorescence 5D3(Γ;3, Γ4) 7Fj (Γ1 ou Γ2) induite par un champ magnétique, la résonance paramagnétique de l'état fundamental 7Γ6 (2Γ2) de l'ion Tb3+ dans CaWO4. Cet effet, qui se produit entre niveaux de factenrs de Landé très différents, peut s'expliquer si l'on met en jeu un processus de relaxation croisée accompagné d'une diffusion des spins entre les composantes hyperfines de l'état fondamental.
Point‐Charge Model Calculations in a‐NaFeO2
Authors: Taft C. A. , Raj D. , Danon J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe origin of the quadrupole splitting observed in the Mossbauer spectra of α‐NaFeO2 has been investigated using a point charge model. The magnit, ude of the electric field gradient (EFG) is very sensitive to the value of u, the distortion parameter of the anion sub‐lattice. These calculations combined with the experimental results are used to deduce information about the relative amount of distortion in this compound. The sign of the EFG is positive.
The Antisymmetric Gap and the Total Width of the Valence Band of Binary Compound Crystals
Authors: Unger K. , Neumann H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSoft X‐ray emission, X‐ray photoemission, and ultraviolet photoemission measurements of binary compounds show an antisymmetric gap within the valence band. The ratio of this antisymmetric gap to the total width of the valence band is shown to be a simple function of the Phillips‐van Vechten ionicity parameter of the compound. This relation is valid as well for tetrahedrally as for octahedrally coordinated compounds and for such elemental compounds (Se, Te) which contain two kinds of bonds. The relation is useful to determine the ionicity parameter of a compound and to test empirical band structure calculations which are fitted t o optical transition energies. Furthermore, also a relation for the estimation of the total valence band width in terms of the Fermi energy and the Penn gap is given.
Zeeman Splitting and Chemical Shifts for the Shallow Donor States in CdTe
Authors: Simmonds P. E. , Stradling R. A. , Birch J. R. , Bradley C. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractZeeman splitting of the shallow donor states of very high purity n‐type CdTe is studied by means of extrinsic photoconductivity experiments. Pine structure due to chemical shifts of a t least six different donor types is observed on the 1s → 2p and the 1s → 3p transitions. The magnitude of the chemical shifts observed (1 to 8 cm‐l) suggests a lower value for the effective Rydberg (106 cm−1) than the value found in previous magneto‐optical experiments. Resonant polaron effects are detected on the 1s → 2p+ line a t high magnetic fields.
Stark Effect of the U‐Center in HBr and RbCl
Authors: Bonciani M. , Grassano U. M. , Tanga A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Stark effect of the U‐center ultraviolet absorption has been observed in KBr and RbCl crystals. Changes of the absorption coefficient due t o the electric field have been measured as a function of photon energy. From these data the position of the excited level 1S(1s, 2s) and the dipole matrix element 〈2S(1s, 2s)z 2 P(1s, 2p) have been evaluated.