bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6‐Sulfanilamidoindazole induced arthritis and periarthritis in rats. a new model of experimental inflammation
Authors: Miller Morgan L. , Ward John R. , Cole Barry C. , Swinyard Ewart A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral oral or subcutaneous administrations of 6‐sulfanilamidoindazole (6‐SAI) to adult rats regularly induced acute, self‐limiting arthritis and periarthritis confined primarily to the hind paws. The incidence of arthritis in orally medicated rats was related, in part, to the body weight of the animals at time of the initial feeding. Histologically, the lesions were nonsuppurative and proliferative. Lymphocytes were present in all stages of inflammation preceding the appearance of fibroblasts which were the most consistent and striking cellular components. Inflammation was not associated with anemia, elevation of serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, or alterations in sedimentation rates and total and differential WBC counts. Evidence is presented which suggests that the phlogistic effects of 6‐SAI are independent of crystal formation in the periarticular tissues, provocation of latent mycoplasma infections, kinin formation through activation of the Hageman factor, immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of an anaphylactoid‐like reaction.
Experimentally induced corticosteroid arthropathy
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Davis Wirt , Sammarco James , Mast William , Chase Samuel W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntraarticular injections of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in deleterious changes in living rabbit articular knee cartilage. These changes were characterized by an increased frequency of chondrocyte nuclear degeneration and prominent cyst formation as compared with control animals. Degenerative changes were localized to the cartilage of the medial tibial plateau. This localization may be related to the different histologic pattern seen in this cartilage surface as compared to other areas of the knee. The correlation between certain pre‐existing patterns of cartilage histology and susceptibility to degenerative change may provide a clue to the localization of degenerative joint disease in humans.
Meningococcal arthritis. report of two cases
Authors: Eichner Harvey L. , Deller John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases of meningococcal arthritis are reported, 1 an acute septic arthritis resembling gonococcal arthritis following a transient bacteremia; the other, a delayed arthritis with painless knee effusions following resolution of meningitis. Arthritis is an occasional manifestation of meningococcemia with or without meningitis. It may occur as a polyarthritis without effusion during acute septicemia, or as a subacute arthritis with effusion involving one or a few larger joints while the generalized infection subsides. The pathogenesis of these two varieties of meningococcal arthritis may be different. In rare instances, an isolated septic arthritis without typical meningococcemia is found.
The inhibitory effect of salicylate on the acetylation of human albumin by acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Neal Pinckard R. , Hawkin David , Farr Richard S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe transacetylation reaction between aspirin and human serum albumin (HSA) is partially inhibited by pharmacologic concentrations of salicylate anion. This inhibition was noted with respect to the inhibition of enhanced acetrizoate binding and by autoradiography of peptide maps of aspirin‐acetylated HSA. The acetylation of a single lysine residue in a peptide 7“A” has been found to be responsible for the previously reported, enhanced binding of acetrizoate by aspirin‐altered albumin. At least 5 other peptides are also acetylated, but they do not influence acetrizoate binding. The results are discussed in view of the unique pharmacologic activities of aspirin, and also, with respect to biologic reactions ascribed to aspirin therapy.
Cardiac tamponade in rheumatoid arthritis. a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Romanoff H. , Rozin R. , Zlotnick A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 44‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed electrocardiographic changes compatible with a myopericarditis. During an exacerbation of her disease she developed an acute cardiac tamponade that was treated successfully by partial pericardiectomy.
Studies of isolated synovial lining cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial membranes
Authors: Douglas Kinsella T. , Baum John , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSynovial membranes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides were digested with tryps.n to produce suspensions of synovial cells. The cells were stained by the direct fluorescent antibody technique for IgG, IgM and the β1c (C3) component of complement, using fluorescein and rhodamine isothiocyanate‐labeled antisera. A characteristic diffuse staining pattern for IgG and β1c was observed in the cytoplasm of the phagocytic lining cells of rheumatoid synovium. In seropositive patients, inclusions containing IgG, IgM, and β1c were also stained in these cells. The role of these immunoglobulins, localized in the lining cells, is discussed in relation to rheumatoid inflammation.
Connective Tissue Activation. I. The Nature, Specificity, Measurement and Distribution of Connective Tissue Activating Peptide
Authors: Castor C. William , Dorstewitz Emily L. , Smith Susan F. , Ritchie James C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA polypeptide which induces hypermetabolism in normal synovial fibroblasts in tissue culture is described. The metabolic changes induced included a marked increase in hyaluronate formation, lactate formation and glucose uptake; formation of soluble and fibrous collagen was depressed. An assay method is presented which permits quantitative comparisons of samples for connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP) activity. The CTAP appeared to be widely distributed in human tissues, the amount of activity being a function of cell density. A role for CTAP in rheumatoid inflammation is proposed.
Antibacterial Activity of Synovial Fluid During Therapy of Septic Arthritis
Authors: Parker Richard H. , Schmid Frank R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTherapeutic concentrations of antimicrobial agents in infected joints during systemic therapy were demonstrated in 29 patients by measuring synovial fluid antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial agents used were penicillin G, phenoxymethyl penicillin, nafcillin, cephaloridine, tetracycline, erythromycin and lincomycin. Passage of antibiotic into synovial fluid was evaluated in simultaneously collected serum and synovial fluid specimens by two methods: a) a tube‐dilution procedure for antibacterial liter of the two fluids against the microorganism recovered from the joint or a suitable laboratory species and b) a bioassay test of antibiotic concentration. In general, the bioassay results closely supported the information obtained by tube‐dilution antibacterial activity determination. Demonstration that effective concentrations of an antibiotic are present in an infected joint during systemic therapy obviates the need for local instillation of drug into the synovial space. Since passage of antimicrobial agents into synovial fluid during systemic therapy can be reliably established by the more simple tube‐dilution method, every patient with septic arthritis should be monitored by such determinations during the course of therapy.
Chronic Synovitis as a Manifestation of Calcium Crystal Deposition Disease
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Harris Benjamin K. , Schwartz Abraham , Marshall Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 67‐year‐old woman had an 8‐year history of chronic polyarthritis associated with extensive chondrocalcinosis. Synovial biopsy on two occasions showed crystalline material in the synovium, associated with chronic granulomatous reaction. Polarizing microscopy studies suggested the presence of both calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate crystals. Electron diffraction studies were also consistent with the presence of a mixed crystal population. The chronic arthritis seen appears to be the result of chronic synovial inflammation induced by calcium crystal deposits.
A Study of Regenerated Synovium After Synovectomy of the Knee in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ranawat Chitranjan S. , Straub Lee Ramsay , Freyberg Richard , Granda Jose L. , Rivelis Marcos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe knee joints of 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were biopsied to study the regenerated synovium 6 months to 6 years after synovectomy. Three of the 12 patients had clinical and microscopic evidence of the recurrence of rheumatoid inflammation. Biopsies in the remaining 9 patients all showed mild‐to‐moderate synovitis. In 4 of these 9 patients who were biopsied at intervals of 31/2 to 6 years after synovectomy, microscopic features of rheumatoid inflammation were quantitatively less severe than those observed in the initial specimens.
Joint Lubrication with Artificial Lubricants
Authors: Radin Eric L. , Paul Igor L. , Weisser Paul A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe joint lubricating properties, in vitro, in bovine metatarsal‐phalangeal joints, of silicone fluid, methyl cellulose and polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone were compared to buffer, serum and synovial fluid. As had been previously reported, synovial fluid was almost twice as good as serum and buffer, which are equivalent in their joint lubricating qualities. Of the three artificial lubricants tested, only polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone is superior to buffer or serum as a joint lubricant at 37 °C. At 55 °C both polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone and methyl cellulose had the same effect. At no time was any of the artificial lubricants tested as effective at reducing joint friction as was synovial fluid. Silicone fluid was consistently an inferior joint lubricant compared with buffer or serum. It was concluded that effective joint lubrication with artificial lubricants depends on their boundary and hydrophilic properties, rather than directly on their flow characteristics.
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis Swine Arthritis. II. Morphologic Features
Authors: Ennis R. S. , Dalgard D. , Willerson J. T. , Barden J. A. , Decker J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMycoplasma hyorhinis arthritis, induced in young Yorkshire swine, can be considered as a three‐stage process. The first 3 weeks of the disease were characterized by a severe polyserositis and mild synovitis. In the second stage, mononuclear cell infiltration of the synovium and other tissues was apparent. In the final stage, beginning about 3 months after inoculation, lymphocytic aggregates had become nodular, synovial hypertrophy was pronounced, and bone and cartilage destruction by pannus was common. Continued activity was apparent to Day 224.
Intra‐Articular Thiotepa in Rheumatoid Disease. A Clinical Analysis of 123 Injected MP and PIP Joints
Authors: Ellison Monty R. , Flatt Adrian E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report deals with 30 patients with established rheumatoid disease who received an intra‐articular injection of Thiotepa into the small joints of the hands. One hundred twenty‐three individual joints have been injected, and the follow‐up period averages 4.8 years. The study represents a follow‐up report on an original trial begun in 1962 by Dr. Adrian E. Flatt at the University of Iowa Hospitals. Our results are assessed on the basis of four parameters: symptomatic pain relief, clinical response to injection, postinjection radiographic progression, and postinjection progression of clinical deformity. An attempt is made to relate the results to the stage of local disease in the injected joints, as well as to the systemic disease state in each individual. Only 7 of our 30 patients had a good result when all four parameters were considered. Our analysis of these 7 patients, and our indications for the continued use of Thiotepa are included in this report.
Levels of Three Hydrolases in Rheumatoid and Regenerated Synovium
Authors: Granda J. L. , Ranawat C. S. , Posner A. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe levels of three hydrolases, β‐glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin‐D were measured in rheumatoid and regenerated synovium. Only cathepsin‐D levels proved to be valuable as an index of inflammation. The levels found were: normal = 0.566 (μEq tyrosine/hr/mg protein); regenerated synovium = 0.667 ± 0.343; and rheumatoid synovium = 1.481 ± 0.487. The levels of cathepsin‐D increased in the regenerated synovium in relation to the time after synovectomy, reaching the levels of rheumatoid synovium after 3½ years.
The Release of DNA into Serum and Synovial Fluid
Authors: Hughes Graham R. V. , Cohen Selwyn A. , Lightfoot Robert W. , Meltzer Jay I. , Christian Charles L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 5 of 15 patients receiving high dose corticosteroids for a variety of disorders, and in 7 of 11 patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving periods of extra‐corporeal circulation, circulating DNA was detected. DNA was also detected in 41 of 63 synovial fluid samples tested. It is suggested that release of DNA is a relatively common phenomenon and may follow a variety of causes of cellular injury. The release of this antigen in SLE patients with circulating antiDNA antibodies may provide an opportunity for in vivo immune complex formation and resultant renal damage.
Immunoglobulin G Subclasses of Antinuclear Antibodies and Renal Deposits. Comparison of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Drug‐Induced Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kacaki Jovan N. , Callerame Mary Lou , Blomgren Stephen E. , Vaughan John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass representation, and titers, were studied in antinuclear antibodies (ANA) of 59 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), procainamide‐induced lupus syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. In all the 3 groups of sera, the highest titers of ANA were found in the IgG1 subclass. Titers of this subclass were significantly higher in the SLE group, as compared with the RA group. Otherwise, no significant difference was found in the distribution of ANA among IgG subclasses in the three disorders. In a comparison of the sera of patients with SLE with and without clinical evidence of renal disease, no significant difference could be found between the titer or the distribution of ANA in the IgG subclasses. In renal tissues obtained from 8 patients, however, frequency and intensity of staining for subclasses in the glomerular deposits roughly paralleled the relative predominance of the subclasses in serum, and the titers of ANA in them. No instance of selective deposit of a single subclass was found.
Myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria in patients with myositis
Authors: Kagen Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwelve of 23 patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis demonstrated myoglobin in their serum or urine in concentrations of 0.005–3.280 mg/ml. This was detected by means of a specific immunologic assay. Myoglobin was more frequently noted in serum than urine. The frequency of appearance of myoglobin in these patients was not related to age or sex, but was more common among those with dermatomyositis (11 of 18) than polymyositis (1 of 5). Serum enzyme values (SGOT, CPK, LDH) were slightly higher in the group with myoglobinemia than in those without, but there was considerable overlap. Myoglobin was found in most patients with myositis before steroid therapy was begun (12 of 19), and its presence was associated with renal failure in two patients.
Fibrinogen‐fibrin breakdown products in pathologic synovial fluids. An immunologic study
Authors: Gormsen Johs. , Andersen R. Bach , Feddersen C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFibrinogen‐fibrin breakdown products in inflammatory and non‐inflammatory synovial fluids have been quantitated immunologically by hemagglutination inhibition immunoassays and radial immunodiffusion and qualitatively by conventional and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Huge amounts of breakdown products are found in inflammatory fluids, mostly in complex formation unclottable by thrombin but precipitable by protamine sulfate. In non‐inflammatory cases the amounts of fibrinogen antigenic fractions are much smaller, some are clottable by thrombin while protamine sulfate precipitates certain amounts. Fibrinogen‐fibrin fragments in inflammatory synovial fluids exhibit significant resistance to plasmin proteolysis.
Permeability of human synovial membrane to plasma proteins. Relationship to molecular size and inflammation
Authors: Kushner Irving , Somerville Jo Anne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPassage of plasma proteins from blood into synovial fluid was found quantitatively related to molecular size and to degree of inflammation in four groups of patients differing in severity of synovial inflammation, and in a group of autopsied subjects without joint disease. Greater inflammation was accompanied by augmented passage of each protein across the synovial membrane, and by proportionately greater increase in permeability to larger proteins. In classic rheumatoid arthritis, synovial IgM and IgG concentrations were higher than predicted from the above‐described interrelationships, suggesting local immunoglobulin synthesis.
Reciprocal skin grafts in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Fries James F. , Hoopes John E. , Shulman Lawrence E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFull‐thickness skin grafts were exchanged between involved forearm skin and uninvolved abdominal skin in patients with systemic sclerosis. Eight of 10 grafts healed well. The course of the grafts was evaluated clinically, and after seven to nine months the grafts and adjacent skin were examined histologically. When clinically normal skin is placed in a sclerodermatous bed, it becomes sclerodermatous. If sclerodermatous skin is placed in a normal bed, it remains sclerodermatous. These data suggest that skin involvement in systemic sclerosis is generalized or irreversible, in contrast to reported findings in morphea, where the disorder was found to be localized and reversible.
Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ladd John R. , Cassidy James T. , Martel William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen patients with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis were reviewed. Eight presented with extraspinal arthritis. Certain clinical features were of value early in the disease in distinguishing these patients from those with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: male sex, remittent oligoarthritis, late onset in childhood, relative sparing of hands and wrists, infrequent cervical spine involvement, and negative tests for rheumatoid factors and antinuclear antibodies. Roentgenographic demonstration of sacroiliac arthritis with reactive sclerosis makes the diagnosis virtually certain.
Experimental allergic myositis in rats
Authors: Morgan Graeme , Peter J. B. , Newbould Brian B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperimental allergic myositis (EAM) closely resembling human polymyositis was produced in rats by a single injection into two inguinal lymph nodes with either homogenates or purified subcellular fractions of homologous muscle in Freund's complete adjuvant. EAM is not necessarily accompanied by clinically evident arthritis and is manifest by elevated serum enzymes, and widespread but focal necrosis and phagocytosis of muscle fibers. EAM was transferred to normal animals of the same strain by infusion of washed lymphocytes from affected animals.
Plaque‐forming cell response in rats receiving mycobacterial adjuvant on day zero and SRBC on day four
Authors: Stanfield A. B. , Stephens C. A. L. , Clark Yonne R. , Mazur Margret T. , Ratajczak Helen V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdjuvant disease was induced in Holtzman and Sprague‐Dawley rats with intracutaneous tail injections of Mycobacterium butyricum in oil on Day 0. Four days later, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were administered intravenously. On Day 8, presence of specific antibody‐producing cells from the excised spleens was demonstrated by the plaque‐forming cell (PFC) technic. A total of 63 rats was studied in three separate plaquing experiments. There was an increase in PFC response in rats given M butyricum in oil over that observed in Control groups receiving SRBC only. Challenge with SRBC accelerated the onset and intensified subsequent joint inflammation in two of three experiments. Results were significant at the 95% confidence limit. These data support the suggestions of other investigators that adjuvant disease may mirror a hyperimmune state.
Immunochemical conditions affecting the measurement of DNA antibodies using ammonium sulfate precipitation
Authors: Pincus Theodore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe binding of serum to native DNA as detected by the Farr ammonium sulfate technic is subject to considerable variation dependent on reaction conditions. DNA‐binding activity of normal sera was significantly increased in buffers of low pH or ionic strength, to the range of SLE sera. Conversely, without incubation at 37 C and 4 C, many SLE sera were within the normal range. Serum nuclease activity did not account for the absence of DNA‐binding in normal sera. The presence or absence of serum complement did not affect binding. Both precipitating and nonprecipitating antibodies are detected using ammonium sulfate precipitation. Optimal conditions for specificity and sensitivity included use of a buffer of pH 8 with conductivity of 12.5 millimhos (equivalent of 0.15M sodium chloride), and incubation for one hour at 37 C and 24 hours at 4 C prior to addition of saturated ammonium sulfate.
In vivo and in vitro responses to autologous IgG in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Runge Lorne A. , Mills John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe presence of rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis remains unexplained and may be etiologically important. An attempt has been made to determine whether patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis show basic immunologic responses to IgG. Various immunologic parameters of antigen recognition were measured in 9 patients and 3 controls. No immediate or delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was noted to native or aggregated autologous IgG, nor could in vitro lymphocyte blast cell transformation be induced with these proteins. Rebuck skin windows showed no unusual responsiveness to native IgG. The negative results indicate that either IgG is not the immunogen responsible for rheumatoid factor or that patients with rheumatoid arthritis retain a state of partial tolerance. Evidence supporting the concept that rheumatoid factor may interfere with the phlogistic potential of aggregated γ‐globulin was also found.
The source of the inter‐alpha trypsin inhibitor in pathologic hyaluronateprotein
Authors: Becker Alfred , Sandson John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHyaluronateprotein isolated from pathologic synovial fluid has been shown to have different physical properties from hyaluronateprotein isolated from normal synovial fluid. The altered properties of hyaluronateprotein from pathologic synovial fluid are due to the presence of a serum protein identified immunologically as the inter‐alpha trypsin inhibitor (IATI). The IATI is undetectable in normal synovial fluid, but is present in pathologic synovial fluids. The IATI in pathologic synovial fluid is bound to hyaluronate. The concentration of IATI is always much higher in serum than synovial fluid indicating that the IATI in synovial fluid has passed from the serum into the diseased joint where it has become firmly bound to hyaluronate.
Cytoplasmic tubular structures in pigmented villonodular synovitis
Authors: Molnar Zelma , Stern Walter H. , Stoltzner Gordon H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTubular, myxovirus‐like structures have been found in the synovial biopsy of a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis. The presence of these structures in a disease which is not known to accompany collagen diseases warrants caution in the interpretation of such structures as specific for the latter.