bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine and octopamine regulate 20‐hydroxyecdysone level in vivo in Drosophila
Authors: Rauschenbach I. Yu. , Chentsova N.A. , Alekseev A.A. , Gruntenko N.E. , Adonyeva N.V. , Karpova E.K. , Komarova T.N. , Vasiliev V.G. , Bownes M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of increased level of dopamine (DA) (feeding flies with DA precursor, L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, L‐DOPA) on the level of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and on juvenile hormone (JH) metabolism in young (2‐day‐old) wild type females (the strain wt) of Drosophila virilis have been studied. Feeding the flies with L‐DOPA increased DA content by a factor of 2.5, and led to a considerable increase in 20E level and a decrease of JH degradation (an increase in JH level). We have also measured the levels of 20E in the young (1‐day‐old) octopamineless females of the strain TβhnM18 and in wild type females, Canton S, of D. melanogaster. The absence of OA led to a considerable decrease in 20E level (earlier it was shown that in the TβhnM18 females, JH degradation was sharply increased). We have studied the effects of JH application on 20E level in 2‐day‐old wt females of D. virilis and demonstrated that an increase in JH titre results in a steep increase of 20E level. The supposition that biogenic amines act as intermediary between JH and 20E in the control of Drosophila reproduction is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:95–102, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atemonate and Imuteran: Novel Russian monoclonal antibody‐based therapeutic agents
Authors: Ivanov Pavel K. , Blokhin Dmitry Y. , Chmutin Evgeny F. , Grinevich Anatoly S. , Perlin Dmitry V. , Sokolsky Alexander S. , Yakubovskaya Raisa I. , Baryshnikov Anatoly Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe N. Blokhin National Cancer Research Center is one of the few Russian scientific institutions in which hybridoma technology of monoclonal antibody (mAb) production has been successfully established. Using this technology, several dozens of mAbs to various antigens of human leukocytes have been elaborated. These mAbs are widely used for immune status evaluation and for differential diagnostics of leukemias. Two mAbs were used to develop therapeutic drugs. Imuteran is a pharmaceutical form of mAb ICO‐25 against a mucin‐like antigen of human milk fat globules and proposed for treatment of epithelial cell‐originating cancers (breast, intestinal, ovarian, lung cancer, etc.). ThePhase II clinical study of this agent is now nearly completed, and preliminary results suggest Imuteran to be a promising anticancer agent with tumor‐stabilizing activity, but patients should be carefully monitored for signs of allergic reactions. mAb ICO‐90 against the CD3 antigen of human T lymphocytes was used to develop the therapeutic agent Atemonate proposed for treatment of acute transplant rejection. At present, the Phase II clinical study of this agent is over, and the results confirm the drug safety and efficacy for this indication. The drug is being registered at the Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development, and transfer to serial production is expected shortly.
Soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp.: destroyer of mustard gas hydrolysis products
Authors: Medvedeva Nadezda , Polyak Yulia , Zaytseva Tatyana , Zinovieva Svetlana 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA bacterial culture capable of utilizing products of mustard gas hydrolysis as a source of carbon was isolated from soil. This culture was tolerant to organochlorine substances in the hydrolysate. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The bacterium utilizes the major product of mustard gas hydrolysis, thiodiglycol, through two pathways. One involves the oxidation of the primary alcoholic groups in thiodiglycol, yielding thiodiglycolic and thioglycolic acids. The cleavage of the C‐S bonds in these acids gives rise to acetate, which is then used further in the cell metabolism. The other pathway involves the cleavage of the C‐S bond in the thiodiglycol molecule, yielding β‐mercaptoethanol, which is transformed by Pseudomonas sp. into thioglycolic acid. The results show the promise of this bacterium for the bioremediation of mustard gas‐contaminated soils.
Oligonucleotide probes containing polylysine residues for fabrication of DNA chips on various solid surfaces
Authors: Levina Asya , Pyshnaya Inna , Repkova Marina , Rar Vera , Zarytova Valentina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVarious materials, such as glass, plastic, metals, etc., are utilized for preparing DNA chips. In each particular case special approaches are used for immobilization of different oligonucleotide derivatives on the solid supports. We describe a general technique for DNA chips preparation on various unmodified surfaces using one type of oligonucleotide derivative, polylysine‐oligonucleotide conjugates (PL‐oligo). A long polyamine spacer in the PL‐oligo conjugates provides a durable irreversible non‐covalent immobilization onto a variety of solid supports and enough distance between oligonucleotides and the surface. The resulting DNA chips were shown to be useful for the detection of PCR DNA fragments and to be sensitive to single nucleotide discrepancies. They represent a promising instrument for revealing genetic diseases, genotyping viruses and bacteria, and for displaying their drug‐resistant strains.
Die Konstitution der Lacto‐Nneotetraose
Authors: Kuhn Richard , Gauhe Adeline 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie durch partielle Säurehydrolyse des pentasaccharids c erhaltene Lacto‐N‐neotetraose Kristallisiert aus Äthanol in der α‐From mit 3 Moll. Kristallwasser. Sie ist aus 1. Mol. Glucose, 2 Moll. Galaktose und 1 Mol. N‐Acetyl‐glucosamin aufgebaut. Auf Grund von_Ergebnissen der Hydrierung, Perjodatspaltung, Methylierung und partieller Hydrolysen kommt der Lacto‐N‐neotetraose die Formel 1 zu.
Chemical Introduction of Reactive Thiols Into a Viral Nanoscaffold: A Method that Avoids Virus Aggregation
Authors: Steinmetz Nicole F. , Evans David J. , Lomonossoff George P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) as building blocks for material fabrication has received particular attention in recent years. In earlier studies we showed the applicability of native gel electrophoresis in an agarose matrix as a useful method for the characterization of chemically modified VNPs. Here, we extend these studies and analyze the observed band pattern of intact Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) VNPs in agarose gels and show the applicability of native agarose gels for monitoring interparticle linkage of thiol‐containing CPMV mutant particles. In addition, we report a protocol that allows the introduction of acetate‐protected thiols to CPMV by means of a chemical reaction (rather than genetic modification). The advantage of this approach is that, by incorporating protected thiol groups, the formation of disulfide bonds leading to interparticle linkage is prevented. The resulting thiol‐modified CPMV‐SHn particles are stable, and following deprotection, the introduced thiols are reactive and can be labeled with thiol‐selective reagents. They therefore provide a useful additional building block in the CPMV toolbox.
Researching clients' experiences: A review of qualitative studies
Authors: Hodgetts Alison , Wright John 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article aims to explore the role that clients play in research and how their experiences can contribute to psychotherapy process research. Following a broad outline of the findings of earlier process research, arguments why clients have not been at the forefront of researchers' methodologies are offered against those who recognize the value and importance of asking clients directly about their experiences. Examples of a range of studies are discussed where clients' views and experiences of different therapies, or where the individual components within a therapy, are the primary sources of data. Although this is the key focus, studies that consider the views of clients relating to more general areas of mental health are also referred to briefly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychology services in psychiatric rehabilitation: Service user needs and staff perceptions
Authors: Berry Katherine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThere is limited access to specialist clinical psychology services in psychiatric rehabilitation. The paper describes a needs assessment that informed decisions about the most effective way to use available psychology resources. The psychological needs of 24 service users residing in three rehabilitation units were assessed using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Managers and 12 members of staff were also interviewed to elicit their views about the psychologist's potential role. Across all services, there were high levels of unmet needs that could be addressed by psychological interventions. Psychological assessments would help identify which service users would benefit from interventions and should include neuropsychological measures. Staff also reported that they would benefit from consultation and training in psychological approaches. Although this way of working would increase access to psychological resources across the services, it would require commitment from managers towards psychological‐orientated models of care. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Brief Symptom Inventory: A validity study in two independent Scottish samples
Authors: Schwannauer Matthias , Chetwynd Phil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examines the validity and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in two Scottish samples, using both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The 53‐item checklist was administered to 161 primary care attenders and 459 clinical psychology patients. EFA revealed that only six factors can be found, as opposed to the nine factors suggested by the original authors. Approximately 40% of the variance is accounted for by one major factor, ‘Depression’. Further CFA of the factor structure demonstrated however, that the discriminating information provided by the dimensional subscales cannot be sufficiently explained by one single factor of general psychological distress. It is suggested that the BSI demonstrates some more limited differentiating qualities in separating essential dimensions in a three‐factor model of depression, anxiety and general psychological distress. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current‐mode filters based on current mirror arrays
Authors: Souliotis George , Haritantis Ioannis 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA technique is proposed for obtaining current‐mode filters based on current mirror arrays that operate as unity gain current amplifiers. These amplifiers by properly driving capacitors realize active lossless integrators which are the basic active elements for the derivation of filters according to the leapfrog method. Due to the fact that both the structure of the amplifiers and the adapted method for filter design are simple, the proposed technique is attractive for filter design and implementation. A design and the implementation of two third‐order low‐pass filters are presented. The array of the amplifiers has been implemented in a 0.8 µm CMOS technology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multicast protocol avoiding unnecessary data forwarding with source distinction in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Shirasu Motoki , Tsutsui Yasuhiro , Murakami Takeshi , Sasase Iwao 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we improve On‐Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), which is a multicast routing protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), and propose a new protocol decreasing the number of data forwarding without deteriorating communication reliability. The proposed protocol avoids unnecessary data forwarding by distinguishing each multicast source at every Forwarding Group (FG) Node used in ODMRP. Moreover, the proposed protocol utilizes Support Group (SG), which also distinguishes each multicast source, in order to retain substitute routes without any redundant data forwarding. Therefore, the proposed protocol can avoid deteriorating communication reliability. We evaluate the performance of ODMRP, ODMRP with SG, and the proposed protocol, and we show that the proposed protocol can decrease the number of data forwarding compared with the conventional protocols. We also show that the proposed protocol can restrain the deterioration of packet delivery ratio within allowable range except the case where the number of multicast sources and receivers is extremely large. Furthermore, we show that the proposed protocol can mitigate the deterioration of packet delivery ratio caused by traffic congestion in the case where the number of multicast sources is large. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 36–47, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20382
Packet arrival interval (PAI)‐based time synchronization
Authors: Machizawa Akihiko , Iwama Tsukasa , Toriyama Hiroshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecently, in the fields of network measurement and distributed control, synchronization accuracy of better than microsecond order is required. For highly accurate time synchronization, the skew (the variation of the clock rate) and the queuing delay in the packet switching network constitute problems. In this paper, Packet Arrival Interval‐based time synchronization (PAI) is proposed. In the proposed system, based on the fact that the average arrival interval of the synchronized packets broadcast accurately at a certain interval is less likely to be affected by the queuing delay, the clock rate is accurately estimated. Also, the one‐directional delay from the master to each client can be calculated accurately from prior knowledge of the constituent elements of the LAN. Wide‐range synchronization is possible if the master is synchronized to GPS. An experiment confirms that synchronization accuracy of better than microsecond order can be realized even in the presence of cross traffic with a channel use rate of about 80%. In addition, the present system can be used even with small nodes such as a sensor network. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 12–24, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20402
Lumped‐constant‐type optical modulator in the microwave band for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting
Authors: Haeiwa Kazuhisa , Toba Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on an optical modulator using the electrooptic effect of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) developed and productized in the UHF band (470 to 770 MHz), a lumped‐constant optical modulator with highly sensitive operation at microwave frequencies has been fabricated and tested and the possibility of realizability has been studied with a view to its application to digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The frequency ranges assigned for program transmission links for the digital terrestrial television broadcasting are 6 to 7 GHz and 10 GHz. Since a broad bandwidth (6 to 9 MHz) is available, various technological challenges must be overcome to assure a highC/N. Therefore, the system of the LN optical modulator and the modulation electrode structures have been fundamentally reconsidered, attaining aC/Nof about 25 dB as the target at 6 GHz. When theC/Nof the input signal is sufficiently high, theC/Nof the present system is determined by the input signal voltage to the LN optical modulator, or the optical modulation index. In a real system, a head amplifier with a gain of 20 dB or greater is inserted. Hence, it is considered sufficiently possible to assure aC/Ngreater than 45 dB (target value) as a system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(6): 1–9, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20341
On the Synthesis of Ramsdellite LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe): An Experimental and Computational Study of the Spinel–Ramsdellite Transformation
Authors: Kuhn Alois , Díaz‐Carrasco Pilar , Arroyo y de Dompablo María Elena , García‐Alvarado Flaviano 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe LiTiMO4 (spinel) ↔ LiTiMO4 (ramsdellite) transformation has been investigated by combining computational and experimental techniques, for M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe, in order to understand the characteristics of this transformation and the influence of the metal M on the relative stability of the ramsdellite polymorph. The calculations predict that all the aforementioned LiTiMO4 spinels are thermodynamically stable with respect to the ramsdellite polymorph, with the calculated enthalpy variation of the transformation being less than 40 kJ mol–1. In the case of normal spinels [Li]t[TiM]oO4 we estimated a transformation temperature in the range 900–1600 °C, whereas the polymorphic transformation for inverse spinels [Li0.5M0.5]t[TiM0.5Li0.5]oO4 is accompanied by a lower entropy gain, hence a much higher temperature would be needed to overcome the enthalpy of the transformation. The transformation is thus entropically controlled. Accordingly, experimental results show that normal [Li]t[TiM]oO4 spinels (M = Ti, V, Cr) readily transform into ramsdellites at temperatures between 900 and 1400 °C, whereas this transition is hindered for spinels LiTiMO4 (M = Fe, Mn), which possess a high degree of inversion. Based on a possible mechanism for the transformation, we infer that the impossibility of transforming the Mn and Fe inverse‐spinels into their ramsdellite forms is also due to the high energy barriers that must be overcome during the transformation. The obtained LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, and Cr) ramsdellites, which contain TiIV and MIII, display a twofold electrochemical application, namely that one lithium ion per formula unit can be inserted into these compounds at about 1.4 V vs. Li (reduction of TiIV to TiIII). The oxidation of MIII ions to MIV enables lithium deinsertion from LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, and Cr) at potentials of 1.9 V (M = Ti), 3.1 V (M = V), and 4.2 (M = Cr) vs. Li. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Hafnium Oxide Doped Mesostructured Silica Films
Authors: Supplit Ralf , Hüsing Nicola , Gross Silvia , Bernstorff Sigrid , Puchberger Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHafnium oxide doped silica films with ordered mesostructures were produced with hafnium:silicon ratios between 1:60 and 1:6. A surfactant–hafnium alkoxide complex was synthesized and used as a template in a sol–gel dip‐coating process. Face‐centred orthorhombic, 2D centred rectangular and lamellar films were formed by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA). The influence of subsequent heat treatment was studied by GISAXS and TEM. The surface and in‐depth molecular composition of the films was studied by XPS.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Analysis of Ras‐induced oncogenic transformation of NIH‐3T3 cells using differential‐display 2‐DE proteomics
Authors: Ji Hong , Moritz Robert L. , Kim Yu‐Sam , Zhu Hong‐Jian , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRas proteins control at least three crucial signalling networks responsible for several cellular processes including anchorage independence, survival, and proliferation. Point mutations in one of the three ras genes are frequent in human tumours. In these tumours, Ras oncoproteins contribute significantly to the malignant phenotype, including deregulation of tumour‐cell growth, apoptosis and invasiveness, and the ability to induce angiogenesis. Although significant strides have been made in understanding Ras biology, the collaborative actions of Ras effectors are still poorly understood. Here, we describe a proteomics approach to study global changes in protein expression in Ras‐transformed NIH3T3 cells. We exploited 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) for pre‐separation fluorescent protein labelling with three separate dyes to reduce gel‐to‐gel variability, to increase sensitivity and dynamic range of protein detection, and to enhance quantification of dysregulated proteins. Proteins dysregulated (> 1.5‐fold) by oncogenic Ras transformation reported to be implicated in Ras‐regulated pathways include S‐methyl‐5‐thioadenosine phosphorylase, stress‐induced‐phosphoprotein 1, galectin‐1, annexin A7 (synexin), 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0, serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1α) and prohibitin. Significantly, we report for the first time the expression of the newly discovered cytokine IL‐25 (or IL‐17E) in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and its down‐regulation (2.1‐fold) upon Ras‐induced oncogenic transformation.
Spatial and temporal calibration of Hargreaves equation for calculating monthly ETo based on Penman‐Monteith method
Authors: Fooladmand Hamid Reza , Haghighat Masoud 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Penman‐Monteith equation is the most common method for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). However, this method needs full weather data, but few stations with complete weather data exist in Fars province in Iran. On the other hand, the Hargreaves equation is a simpler method for estimating ETo. In this study, using the weather data of seven synoptic stations in Fars province in Iran and seven synoptic stations outside the province, the Hargreaves equation was calibrated based on the Penman‐Monteith method for every month of the year and for a yearly time step. The results indicate that different coefficients should be used for each month of year and yearly time step instead of the original coefficient of 0.0023 in the Hargreaves equation. Therefore, it is possible to estimate monthly ETo by using the calibrated coefficients of the Hargreaves equation for different regions of Fars province for each month of the year. Also, according to the geographical locations of each station and by using the GIS‐assisted methods, spatial distribution maps of yearly calibrated coefficients in Fars province were prepared by the inverse distance square method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compacted UHMWPE fiber composites: Morphology and X‐ray microdiffraction experiments
Authors: Shavit‐Hadar Liron , Rein Dmitry M. , Khalfin Rafail , Terry Ann E. , Heunen Guido W. J. C. , Cohen Yachin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of compaction conditions on UHMWPE fibers is examined by microbeam X‐ray diffraction (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological observations indicate that melting occurs during compaction both on the surface of the fiber as well as in its internal regions. In addition, the recrystallized phase is nucleated on the fiber surface, possibly epitaxially. The recrystallized phase that originates from the internal regions of the fiber retains the initial highly oriented structure. WAXS microbeam measurements do not show any significant core‐shell structure in compacted single fibers. Considering the overall characteristics of the melting process during compaction, we can conclude that the hexagonal phase that appears upon heating of the fibers under moderate pressure is responsible for good adhesion of the fibers to each other, even more significantly than surface melting, especially because of its ability to retain the high orientation of the chains in the fibers. This information is relevant for understanding the formation and microstructure of the matrix component in the self‐reinforced composites fabricated by compaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1535–1541, 2007