bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHLAMYDOMONAS SMITHII SP. NOV.–A CHLAMYDOMONAD INTERFERTILE WITH CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTIP
Authors: Hoshaw Robert W. , Ettl H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYChlamyclomonas smithii sp. nov. is described from two strains of Chlamyclomonas originally isolated by Dr. Gilbert M. Smith. The mating types are inter‐fertile with those of Chlamyclomonas reinhardtii (Culture No. 89 and 90) maintained in the Culture Collection of Algae at Indiana University. This species is distinguished from all others by the body shape and slit chromatophore.
EXPLORATORY STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF A PSYCHROPHILIC MARINE DIATOM1
Authors: Bunt J. S. , van H. Owens Olga , Hoch G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The effect of light, of 2 wavelengths, and of 3 temperatures on the uptake and evolution of O2 by the antarctic marine diatom, Fragilaria sublinearis, has been examined with mass spectrometry. The responses of this organism to light, in terms of O2 exchange, were qualitatively similar to those recorded by Hoch et al. with the blue‐green Anacystis nidulans. In addition, distinctive temperature optima were indicated for O2, production and uptake, which help to explain the psychrophilic character of the diatom. The possibility of varying rates of O2 uptake in the light being associated with photoassimilation of organic substrates has been discussed.
VARIATION IN THE DESMID STAURASTRUM SEBALDI VAR. ORNATUM1
Authors: Lind Edna M. , Croasdale Hannah 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYStaurastrum sebaldi var. ornatum from the surface plankton of Sasumua Reservoir serving Nairobi in Kenya, Africa, showed remarkable variability in its symmetry and its many dichotypical specimens. The cause of this extensive variability is unknown.
DNA OF A SEVEN‐CHROMOSOME STRAIN OF ASTREPHOMENE GUBERNACULIFERA12
Authors: Brooks A. E. , Nasatir Maimon 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Methods have been presented for isolation, partial purification, and characterization of DNA from a 7‐chromosome strain of Astrephomene gubernaculilera. Sheath material surrounding the individual cells was removed enzymatically and cells were lysed with hot Na lanryl sulfate. DNA was isolated and purified by a modification of Marmufs procedure. Melting experiments and buoyant‐density values indicated that native DNA with a G‐C content of 61‐62% had been prepared. A pentose phosphorus containing compound was present in stoichiometric amounts.
DNA OF THE MARINE RED ALGA GRIFFITHSIA GLOBULIFERA12
Authors: Nasatir Maimon , Brooks A. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY A method has been given for isolating nuclei from red algae. The results are given for the isolation, purification, and analysis of Griffithsia globulifera DNA luith several methods. The G‐C content is≈42%. A new DNase is also reported.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND INTERCROSSING IN VOLVULINA STEINW1
Authors: Carefoot J. Russel 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Gametes of Volvulina steinii bear near‐apical mating papillae. Zygospore germination yields a single biflagellate cell that develops into a colony xuhose asexual progeny are all of the same mating type. Backcrossing of clones of progeny indicated a 1 :1 ratio of mating types among the progeny. Of 20 clones from a number of localities, none was homothallic and 3 showed no matins: reaction. Mating reactions of clones crossed in all possible combinations indicated the presence of 2 sexually isolated groups of clones producing smooth‐walled zygospores and 1 group that produced spiny‐walled zygospores. In the latter group weak and nonreciprocal mating reactions occurred in some clone combinations. Failure of germination of spiny‐walled zygospores from certain crosses suggests further subdivision into genetically isolated groups.
CHLOROSARCINOPSIS VARIABILIS SP. NOVA FROM A CONNECTICUT CORNFIELD SOIL1
Authors: Trainor Francis R. , Hilton Richard L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY A new and pleomorphic species of Chlorosarcinopsis from a Connecticut cornfield soil is described. Two populations were observed and cultured. One produced mostly smooth colonies on agar and formed few packets; the second produced large percentages of rough colonies on agar and frequently formed packets. In older agar cultures numerous Hormotila‐like colonies can be observed in both strains.
DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES OF ERYTHROCLADIA ROSENVINGE IN CULTURE
Authors: Nichols H. Wayne , Lissant Ellen K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYErythrocladia subintegra has been cultured for over 3 years. The life history includes reproduction by monospores, a long period of ameboid motility by monospores, their germination and growth into monostromatic disk‐shaped plantlets composed of adherent, often dichotomously branched filaments. Plants become centrally polystromatic with age and produce monospores. Variations in plant size and shape, cell size and shape, spore size, shape, and motility are discussed. Variations in plants of E. subintegra grown on different substrates have been studied and discussed in relation to other species in the genus.
THE EFFECT OF CULTURE CONDITIONS ON THE HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS12
Authors: Patterson Glenn W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Cultures of Chlorella vulgaris were grown aulo‐trophically under fluorescent light and heterotrophically on glucose and inorganic salts. Hydrocarbons were extracted and analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography, molecular sieve separations, and silicic acid‐AgNO3 chromatography. Chlorella vulgaris grown under both culture conditions contained a series of saturated n‐paraffins ranging from 17 to 36 carbon atoms in length. This is in contrast to reports in the early literature which indicated that the hydrocarbon fraction of algae was composed of only 1 or 2 specific hydrocarbons. Only under heterotrophic conditions, however, did C. vulgaris produce 1‐penta‐cosene and 1‐heptacosene as the primary components of the hydrocarbon mixture. Other Chlorella species were examined, but only C. vulgaris produced significant quantities of these compounds.
TWO NEW VARIETIES OF STAURASTRUM (DESMIDIACEAE) FROM SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
Authors: de Mattos Bicudo Carlos Eduardo 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Two new varieties of Staurastrum (Desmidiaceae) are described from Sao Paulo, southern Brazil: St. polymorphum Bréb. var. itirapinense and St. quadrangulare Bréb. var. sanctipaulense.
DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN IN THE MODIFIED BARCROFT RESPIROMETER IN STUDIES OF ALGAL RESPIRATION1
Authors: Wood Kenneth G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in stirred water in which the surface is unbroken is approximately 0.01 me cm.‐2 min‐1 atm‐1. Under these conditions, the modified Barcroft respirometer would not give valid results. Hence, it is recommended that this method be abandoned for studies of algal metabolism.
STORAGE AND GERMINATION OF CHARA OOSPORES
Authors: Proctor Vernon IV. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Germination tests were conducted on 39 collections of Chara oospores stored under 4 different conditions for periods of approximately 4 yr. In general, storage of dried oospores at low temperatures (3 C) provided the most satisfactory means for long‐term preservation of viable disseminules. Oospore germination zuas higher in light than in darkness. Effects of temperature and substrate upon germination were explored briefly.
OBSERVATIONS ON WATER LOSS OF SEAWEEDS IN RELATION TO MICROCLIMATE ON A TROPICAL SHORE (GHANA)1
Authors: Jenik J. , Lawson G. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY During a 24‐hr period (12‐13 April, 1966) continuous records of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, salt spray, and evaporative power of the air were made at Nungua beach, Ghana. Water loss from emersed plants of Sargassum vulgare, Bryocladia thyrsigera, and Ulva fasciata was measured during the same period. The daily march of desiccation in these seaweeds follows the curve for evaporative power of the air. At night the 3 species lose relatively little water and very nearly the same percentage in each case. During the day Ulva is most resistant to water loss, Bryocladia next, and Sargassum is least resistant. This behavior is correlated with the upper limits of the zones they occupy on the shore.
UPTAKE SPECIFICITY FOR ORGANIC SUBSTRATES BY THE MARINE DIATOM MELOSIRA NUMMULOIDES1
Authors: Hellebust Johan A. , Guillard Robert R. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMelosira nummuloides, clone Mel‐3, shows a very high specificity with regard to its ability to take up organic substrates. Amino acids supplied in the medium at 1 X 10‐4 M are taken up at initial rates of the same order of magnitude as that of photoassirnilation of COj. However, sugars, sugar alcohols, or organic acids supplied at the same concentration are not taken up. The mechanism for uptake of amino acids appears to require energy, since tlie uptake of the amino acid analog α‐aminoisobutyric acid is strongly inhibited by 2 f‐dinitrophenul. The uptake mechanism does not appear to be inducible. The ability of M. numinuloides to utilize amino acids as a nitrogen source is quite restricted. Arginine, ghttamine, asparagine, proline, and glutamic acid were good nitrogen sources. Seventeen other amino acids, including α‐aminoisobutyric acid, were unsatisfactory for growth, although they were rapidly taken up from the medium.
INFLUENCE OF METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF SESTON ON THE DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER1
Authors: Parker Bruce C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Comparisons of various methods and method modifications for treating water samples to render them free of seston prior to analysis of dissolved organic matter have corroborated a number of suspected sources of error. Among the more important points arising from this study arc: 1. All cellulose ester filters must be washed to remove elutable carbon. 2. In some instances filtration to dryness may produce artifacts resulting from cell injury. 3. A significant difference in filter retention can result between 0.45 and 0.22 μ membranes. 4. Among the methods most satisfactory are wet filtration through 0.22 μ pre‐washed Millipore membranes and continuous‐flow centrifugation at ca. 10,000 x g and 100 cc/min flow rate, both of which have their inherent weaknesses and limitations. 5. Regular centrifugation does not remove some planktonic organisms which have considerable buoyancy, or organic substances may somehow be released by cells without producing morphological damage. The newly developed bio dialysis technique for dissolved organic matter collection consistently yielded lower values than continuous‐flow centrifugation. In contrast, biodialysis yielded lower values for pond water and higher values for Scenedesmus cultures than the best filtration method. Evidence suggests that biodialysis will be useful as both a supplementary and, in some zuays, more accurate method in studies of dissolved organic matter.
FACTORS AFFECTING PHYTOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION IN A DOUBLE‐CELL SEWAGE LAGOON 12
Authors: DeNoyelles Frank 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The distribution of phyioplankton in a double‐cell sewage lagoon at Hallam, Nebraska, was studied in relation to physical, chemical, and biological factors during the summer and fall of 1965. Sixteen species of algae were recorded in the first and more organically rich of the two physically similar ponds, with 28 species recorded in the second pond. Population sizes were always greater in the first pond due to reduced grazing during the summer and large quantities of ammonia‐nitrogen during the fall. The dominant algal species in both ponds on nearly all sampling dates was Ankistrodesmus falcatus v. acicularis. Declines in this population occurred with high organic pollution and heavy grazing. Both ponds had severe reductions in algal numbers during late October due to heavy grazing by the rotifer Brachionus. The distribution of phytoplankton in the Hallam ponds is compared to that of other sewage ponds in the United States, and the general pattern which emerged is discussed.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION INCLOSTERIUM MONILIFERUM AND CLOSTERIUM EHRENBERGII1
Authors: Lippert Byron E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSexual reproduction inC. moniliferumis described for the first time. The morphology of conjugation is quite like that ofC. ehrenbergii.Homothallic strains of both species usually produce single zygospores between daughter cells that have just divided. However, 2 homothallic clones ofC. moniliferumform twin zygospores between conjugants which have paired before division and conjugation. This has not been observed inC. ehrenbergii.Heterothallic strains of both species form twin zygospores in the same manner. Heterotfiallisrn seems a well‐established feature in both species. Germination and the survival of 2 products of meiosis arc typical of other desmids which have been investigated.
CONSPECIFICITY OF SOME CHAROPHYTES1
Authors: Proctor Vernon W. , de Donterberg Carlota C. Carl , Hotchkiss Arland T. , Imahori Kozo 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Sweets Lake, British Columbia, is the type locality for plants originally described as Chara buckellii. Plants from this locality liave been crossed successfully to a second clone from Laguna La Drava, Argentina, the type locality for Nitellopsis bulbillifern. Plants from both clones were also crossed with others from Texas, New Mexico, and Wyoming that agree in most respects with. Robinson's original description of C. longifolia. On the basis of such crosses we suggest that all 3 taxa are biologically conspecific. There is no evidence, either from the field or experimental crosses, of gene flow between C. longifolia and C. hornemannii; the two should be considered separate species.
STRUCTURE AND REPRODUCTION OF THE ALGAL SYMBIONTS OF HYDRA VIRIDIS1
Authors: Oschman James L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The algal symbionts of Hydra viridis are found within vacuoles of the gastrodermal digestive cells of the host. Electron microscopy reveals that the symbionts possess cell walls, and that their reproductive cycle follows the general pattern of free‐living Chlorella. Nuclear and chloroplast divisions arc followed by formation of new cell walls, the Golgi apparatus being quite active during cell wall synthesis. Autospores are released when the parent wall ruptures. The autospores are then usually segregated into separate animal vacuoles. Remnants of the ruptured parent wall persist in the vacuoles for an indefinite period. The ruptured parent walls curl at the breakage clefts, forming double‐layered scroll‐like structures. The fate of these wall remnants has not been firmly established. Long‐term starvation of the animals does not result in a detectable change in the structure of the symbionts, and they continue to divide and to store carbohydrate as starch grains.
PROPAGATION OF HANTZSCHIA SP. GRUNOW DAUGHTER CELLS BY NITZSCHIA ALBA LEWIN AND LEWIN1
Authors: Lunritis James A. , Hemmingsen Barbara Bruff , Volcani Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Electron microscopic investigations of thin sections of Nitzschiaalba revealed that dividing cells yield both Nitzschia and Hantzschia daughter cells, suggesting that these genera are not taxonoinically distinct.
RED SNOW CAUSED BY A NEW SPECIES OF TRACHELOMONAS12
Authors: Hardy John T. , Curl Herbert 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTrachelomonas kolii sp. nov., a member of the Euglenophyta, was the causative agent of red snow near Mt. Bachelor, Oregon. The cells are uniflagellate or without flagella and, in general, exhibit the characteristics of the genus Trachelomonas. The lorica, when present, is transparent, elongate, reticulate, and has a funnel‐shaped collar at the anterior end. The protoplast is completely filled with red pigment. Red spherical resting stages that appear similar to the resting stages of the ubiquitous snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille are described.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PORPHYRIDIUM AERUGINEUM A BLUE‐GREEN COLORED RHODOPHYTAN1,2,3.
Authors: Gantt E. , Edwards M. R. , Conti S. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The ulstrastructural study on Porphyridium aerugineum showed vesicles in the peripheral cytoplasm which contain fibrous material similar in appearance to the cell sheath. In most respects the morphology of P. aerugineum, a freshwater form, is very similar to that of P. cruenturn, a marine species. However, there is a marked difference in the shape of the phycobilisomes which are attached to the chloroplast lamellae. In P. cruentum the phycobilisomes are always spherical or oblate, whereas in P. aerugineum they are disk shaped. The possibility is considered that the shape of the phycobilisomes may be determined by the phycoerythrin and phycocyanin content.
THE CAROTENOIDS OF FOUR BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE1
Authors: Healey F. P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The carotenoids of 4 species of blue‐green algae, Anabaena variabilis, Phormidium persicinum, P. ectocarpi, and P. fragile, were investigated. In each, ft‐carotene was a major pigment and the only carotene detected. The xanthophylls present in Anabaena variabilis were echinenone, canthaxanthin, and myxo‐xanthophyll. Each of the Phormidium species contained zeaxanthin as the major xanthophyll. In each, this was accompanied by trace amounts of echinenone and isocryptoxanthin. In addition, 2 new xanthophylls, spectrally resembling ^‐carotene, were found in Phormidium persicinum and P. ectocarpi, while another, with a spectrum similar to that of myxoxanthophyll, was found in P. fragile.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF VEGETATIVE CELL DIVISION IN OEDOGONIUM BORISIANUM12
Authors: Hill Gerry J. C. , Machlis Leonard 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Vegetative cell division in Oedogonium borisianum is initiated by the formation of a 3‐layered ring adjacent to the wall in the upper portion of the cell. This structure enlarges by the coalescence of vesicles. When the ring is fully developed, the parent wall splits adjacent to the ring, and the ring expands into a cylinder, which becomes the cuticle of the upper daughter cell. The lateral wall then forms between this cuticle and the plasmalemma of the cell. Concurrent with ring development and expansion, the nucleus migrates to a position in the center of the cell and karyokinesis occurs. Commencing with late telophase, evidence of transverse wall formation becomes apparent. The zone between the daughter nuclei contains a layer of microtubules in a plane parallel to the plane in which the transverse wall will develop. Subsequently a random coalescence of vesicles occurs along this plane. During the latter stages of this process, the ring expands and the plane of the transverse wall moves upward to the base of the ring cylinder. The completed transverse wall then fuses at is periphery with the newly formed lateral wall.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RESERVE GRANULES FROM THE DINOFLAGELLATE THECADINIUM INCLINATUM BALECH1
Authors: Vogel Kathryn , Meeuse B. J. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Reserve granules of the dinoflagellate Thecadinium inclinatum Balech were analyzed and found to be composed of a polyglucan very similar to the starches of higher plants.
NEW TAXONOMIC CRITERIA IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF CHLOROCOCCUM SPECIES. I. PIGMENTATION12
Authors: McLean Robert J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Eighteen isolates of Chlorococcum were incubated under defined culture conditions for 6‐7 weeks. At that time, isolates were separated into green, yellow‐green, orange, or red color groups according to the color of the cultures. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid concentration, and percentage of carotenoids in relation to total pigment content were measured for each species. Individual carotenoids of each isolate were identified and quantified. Each color group had pigment characteristics which were distinctive. Other studies on Chlorococcum are discussed in relation to this work. It is proposed that pigmentation of old cultures be used as the first criterion for distinguishing species of Chlorococcum.
CAROTENOID PIGMENTS OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE GLENODINIUM FOLIACEUM STEIN12
Authors: Mandelli Enrique F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The marine dinoflagellate, Glenoclinium foliaceum Stein, has been shown to contain fucoxanthin, instead of peridinin, as the major xanthophyll. In addition, 2 carotenes–β‐carotene and a compound with spectral properties reminiscent of isomerized y‐carotene–and 2 xanthophylls–diadinoxanthin and an unidentified compound–were also isolated. These results support an earlier work that indicated the possible presence of fucoxanthin in some members of the Pyrrophyta.
A STUDY OF LIGHT INTENSITY, PERIODICITY, AND WAVELENGTH ON ZOOSPORE PRODUCTION BY PROTOSIPHON BOTRYOIDES KLEBS12
Authors: Durant Jennie P. , Spratling Larry , O'Kelley Joseph C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY When mature Protosiphon cells were placed in darkness, zoospore production was more extensive and was completed in a shorter time at a temperature of 27 C than at 22 or 15 C. Cool‐white fluorescent (Sylvania) light inhibited the process measurably at a radiation intensity of 0.6±103 ergsjcm2‐sec; inhibition was 96% complete at 14±103 ergs/cm2‐sec. For mature cells previously grown under repeated 12‐12 hr light‐dark cycles, a dark period of approximately 2 hr at 22 C allowed cell division to proceed to a stage such that reillumination did not inhibit continued development of zoospores. Monochromatic light from 402 to approximately ‐494 nm, as compared to darkness, inhibited zoospore formation; maximal inhibition was at 432‐461 nm. In contrast, monochromatic light from 522 to 726 nm stimulated zoospore formation relative to darkness. Synchronous zoospore production was obtained using the following regimes: (A) 12 hr cool‐white alternated with 12 hr yellow, (B) 12 hr cool‐white alternated with 12 hr blue. Under regime A synchronous zoospore release (following synchronous production) occurred near the end of the yellow irradiation period, while under regime B it occurred near the end of the cool‐white irradiation period. The significance of this in terms of photoprocesses and possible photoreceptors is discussed.
STUDIES IN SOME FOLIOSE RED ALGAE OF THE PACIFIC COAST. III. DUMONTIACEAE, WEEKSIACEAE, KALLYMENIACEAE1
Authors: Abbott Isabella A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY The female reproductive structures and their development, and the vegetative structure are studied in 17 species of red algae in the Cryptonemiales (Rhodophyceae). Three genera, Weeksia, Constantinea, and the type species of Leptocladia, are removed from the Dumontiaceae to a newly created family, the Weeksiaceae, because of differing postfertilization events leading to the development of the gonimoblast from a cell of the carpogonial branch. Three genera of Dumontiaceae are studied: Pikea, including P. californica, the type species, and Pikea robusta a newly described species; Dilsea californica, and a newly described species of Neodilsea, a genus heretofore known only from the northwestern Pacific. Two transfers are made from the genus Leptocladia, 1 to Farlowia, as F. conferta, and 1 to Rhodophyllis (Gigartinales) as R. peruviana. Three species in the Kallymeniaceae are redescribed: Kallymenia pacifica, a rare and nearly unknown species from southern California and adjacent Pacific Mexico; K. norrisii from central California; and K. oblongifructa from Washington, Oregon, and northern California.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF OEDOCLADIUM1
Authors: Beaney William D. , Hoffman Larry R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Two new gynandrosporous species of Oedocladium from the United States were isolated into unialgal culture and comparative studies were made. The new taxa described, O. carolinianum sp. nov. and O. cir‐ratum sp. nov., are morphologically very similar. Both species have an opercufate oogonium with inferior division, oospore walls with the middle layer ungulate, and hyaline suffultory cells containing a small amount of vacuolated cytoplasm. Conditions for sexuality in culture zuere determined for both species. Zoospores and akinetes serve as means for asexual reproduction.