bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between DRD2/ANKK1, 5‐HTTLPR gene, and specific personality trait on antisocial alcoholism among Han Chinese in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chin‐Yeh , Wu Yi‐Syuan , Lee Jia‐Fu , Huang San‐Yuan , Yu Lung , Ko Huei‐Chen , Lu Ru‐Band 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCloninger suggested that type II alcoholism was associated with higher novelty seeking and less harm avoidance behaviors, which was similar to antisocial alcoholism. Most previous studies have failed to recruit subjects that have antisocial personality disorder without alcoholism due to the high coexisting likelihood of having antisocial personality disorder with alcoholism in the majority of the examined populations. Thus, recruitment of individuals with antisocial non‐alcoholism (antisocial personality disorder) served as an important control group in examining Cloninger's hypothesis. Due to the documented protective effects against alcoholism of ALDH2*1/*2 or *2/*2 genotype among the Han Chinese population, we recruited antisocial non‐alcoholics from the Han Chinese population in Taiwan to verify Cloninger's hypotheses. A total of 127 Han Chinese subjects were recruited who met the diagnosis of antisocial alcoholism (n = 43) or antisocial non‐alcoholism (n = 84). We found that the antisocial alcoholism group scored higher on the novelty seeking behavior than did the antisocial non‐alcoholism group (t = 2.61, P = 0.01), but no difference was observed on the harm avoidance dimension between these two groups (t = 0.15, P = 0.88). In the novelty seeking scores, after stratification of DRD2 TaqI A genotypes, only a significant difference in 5‐HTTLPR polymorphisms between antisocial alcoholics and antisocial non‐alcoholics was found, indicating an interaction between DRD2 TaqI A1+ (include A1/A1 or A1/A2) and 5‐HTTLPR S/S genotype (t = 2.75, P = 0.01) However, no significant difference was found in the harm avoidance personality trait between these two groups of Han Chinese in Taiwan. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of 5‐HT1B receptor polymorphisms with the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials in a community‐based sample of healthy volunteers
Authors: Juckel Georg , Hegerl Ulrich , Giegling Ina , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Wutzler Alexander , Schuhmacher Christiane , Uhl Idun , Brüne Martin , Mulert Christoph , Pogarell Oliver , Rujescu Dan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe terminal autoreceptor 5‐HT1B is centrally involved in the regulation of the brain serotonergic system and in several psychiatric disorders including depression, addiction, and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked N1/P2‐component (LDAEP; primary auditory cortex) is currently considered as one of best‐validated indicators of serotonergic neurotransmission, especially for synaptically released serotonin. Since the 5‐HT1B receptor is involved in the release of serotonin at terminal endings of cortical neurons, this study addressed the question whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene coding for this receptor (HTR1B) are related to LDAEP of the primary auditory cortex (tangential dipole) investigating a community‐based sample of 127 healthy subjects randomly selected from the general population. In this carefully recruited sample, a G‐G haplotype (rs1213368‐rs6296) and the respective G‐alleles were found to be related to a strong LDAEP response of the left tangential dipole, indicating low serotonergic activity. Apart from the fact that this is the first study which relates HTR1B SNPs to a measure of serotonergic function, it can be speculated that LDAEP may reflect parts of the release mechanism of serotonin at cortical synapses, although the lateralized finding cannot be entirely explained. Carriers of the G‐alleles may be characterized by a particularly strong feedback inhibition of serotonin release at cortical terminals in the primary auditory cortex, possibly mediated by higher sensitivity of 5‐HT1B receptors associated with low serotonergic activity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopaminergic mutations: Within‐family association and linkage in multiplex alcohol dependence families
Authors: Hill Shirley Y. , Hoffman Eric K. , Zezza Nicholas , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Weeks Daniel E. , Matthews Abigail G. , Mukhopadhyay Indranil 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAnimal and human studies of addiction indicate that the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) plays a critical role in the mechanism of drug reward. D2 receptor density in the brains of alcoholics has been shown to be reduced relative to controls. Previous studies of DRD2 in association with alcohol dependence using variation in the TaqI A locus were highly controversial. Recently, a synonymous mutation, C957T, in the coding region of the human DRD2 gene has been identified which appears to have functional effects including alteration in receptor availability. In order to determine if susceptibility to alcohol dependence (AD) within multiplex alcohol dependence families would be altered by the C957T in the coding region of the D2 gene, within‐family association was studied in members of Caucasian multiplex alcohol dependence families. Members of control families with no personal alcohol or substance dependence history were included for case/control comparisons. Analyses performed to detect within‐family association showed evidence favoring an association for the C957T polymorphism (P = 0.038). Linkage analyses of polymorphisms in this region showed that only the C957T locus remained of interest (P = 0.015). Evidence for the C957T T allele having a role in AD susceptibility at the population level using a case/control comparison was statistically marginal (P = 0.062), but was consistent with the family data results. These results support a role for DRD2 as a susceptibility gene for alcohol dependence within multiplex families at high risk for developing alcohol dependence. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orchidectomized (orx) marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a model to study the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis
Authors: Seidlová‐Wuttke Dana , Schlumbohm Christina , Jarry Hubertus , Dullin Christian , Wuttke Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe common marmoset serves as a primate model for many human diseases. Hypogonadal and particularly aged men develop osteopenia or osteoporosis. Whether marmosets develop osteoporosis after orchidectomy is not known. This was tested in seven young and two older adult male orchidectomy animals using quantitative computer tomography, which allowed quantification of total surface and density of the cortex and of the cancellous structures of the metaphysis of the tibia and of the fifth or sixth lumbal vertebra (L5/L6) before or after orchidectomy (orx), and 1, 6 and 12 months later. Surrogate parameters of whole skeletal bone metabolism (osteocalcin, OC) and C‐terminal breakdown products (telopeptides) of collagen‐α1 (CrossLaps) were also measured. Male marmosets lost between 5 and 20% of their initial cancellous density in the metaphysis of the tibia and this was statistically significant 6 months after castration. No loss of cancellous density was observed in L5/L6 of young marmosets and OC and the CrossLaps in the serum were decreased at this time point while a reduction was observed in bone mineral density of L5/L6 in two aged animals. It is concluded that castration of young male marmoset for 1 year results in a significant loss of bone mineral density in the metaphysis of the tibia resulting in osteopenia but not in the vertebra. The results indicate that male orx marmosets become osteopenic within 12 months after castration and may be a more human‐like experimental model for bone research. Am. J. Primatol. 70:294–300, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mikroelektrochemie an einzelnen Zellen
Authors: Schulte Albert , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNadelförmige voltammetrische Ultramikroelektroden zeigen eine herausragende Empfindlichkeit bei der Detektion redoxaktiver Substanzen, eine schnelle Ansprechzeit und Gesamtspitzendurchmesser im unteren Mikrometerbereich. Durch diese Charakteristika sind sie ideal für die Analyse der chemischen Umgebung und der Aktivität isolierter lebender Zellen, die in ihren vielfältigen Ausgestaltungen die mikroskopischen Baueinheiten menschlicher, tierischer und weiterer Lebensformen bilden. Voraussetzungen für erfolgreiche lokale elektrochemische Messungen in der Nachbarschaft winziger biologischer Objekte sind eine sanfte, Stress‐freie und akkurate Platzierung der Sondenspitze an der Zelle, eine genaue Kenntnis des Abstandes zwischen Sonde und Zelle und eine hinreichende Selektivität der Ultramikroelektrodenspitze für Substanzen, deren Konzentrationen sich als Folge zellulärer Vorgänge wie Wachstum, Atmung oder Transmitter‐/Metabolitenaufnahme oder ‐abgabe verändern. Die Konzepte der Einzelzellmikroelektrochemie werden vorgestellt, und es wird ein Überblick gegeben über jüngste Ergebnisse zu fundamentalen Mechanismen von Zellfunktionen.
Single‐Cell Microelectrochemistry
Authors: Schulte Albert , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNeedle‐type voltammetric ultramicroelectrodes show exceptional sensitivity for the detection of redox‐active substances, rapid response times, and total tip diameters in the lower micrometer range. These characteristics make them ideal for analyzing the chemical environment and the activity of isolated living cells, which in their various forms are the microscopic building blocks of human, animal, and other life forms. Prerequisites for successful local electrochemical measurements in the vicinity of the tiny biological objects are gentle, stress‐free, and accurate placement of the tip at the cell, exact knowledge of the tip‐to‐cell distance, and appropriate selectivity of the ultramicroelectrode tip for species that may change in concentration as a result of cellular actions such as growth, respiration, or transmitter and metabolite uptake or release. The concepts of single‐cell microelectrochemistry are considered and an overview is given of recent results on the fundamental mechanisms of cell functions.
Active learning for constructing transliteration lexicons from the Web
Authors: Kuo Jin‐Shea , Li Haizhou , Yang Ying‐Kuei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article presents an adaptive learning framework for Phonetic Similarity Modeling (PSM) that supports the automatic construction of transliteration lexicons. The learning algorithm starts with minimum prior knowledge about machine transliteration and acquires knowledge iteratively from the Web. We study the unsupervised learning and the active learning strategies that minimize human supervision in terms of data labeling. The learning process refines the PSM and constructs a transliteration lexicon at the same time. We evaluate the proposed PSM and its learning algorithm through a series of systematic experiments, which show that the proposed framework is reliably effective on two independent databases.
Randomized controlled trial of adjuvant uracil–tegafur versus surgery alone for serosa-negative, locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Nakajima T , Kinoshita T , Nashimoto A , Sairenji M , Yamaguchi T , Sakamoto J , Fujiya T , Inada T , Sasako M , Ohashi Y 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
This prospective randomized study compared the survival of patients with tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage T2 N1–2 gastric cancer treated by gastrectomy alone or gastrectomy followed by uracil–tegafur.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to surgery alone or to surgery and postoperative uracil–tegafur 360 mg per m2 per day orally for 16 months. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Relapse-free survival and site of recurrence were secondary endpoints.

Results
Of 190 registered patients, 95 were randomized to each group; two patients with early cancer were subsequently excluded from the chemotherapy group. The trial was terminated before the target number of patients was reached because accrual was slower than expected. Drug-related adverse effects were mild, with no treatment-related deaths. At a median follow-up of 6·2 years, overall and relapse-free survival rates were significantly higher in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio for overall survival 0·48, P = 0·017; hazard ratio for relapse-free survival 0·44, P = 0·005), confirming the survival benefit shown in an interim analysis performed 2 years earlier.

Conclusion
Interim and final analyses revealed a significant survival benefit for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil–tegafur in patients with serosa-negative, node-positive gastric cancer. Registration number: NCT00152243 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Musculotendinous transfer as a treatment option for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: Teres major or latissimus dorsi?
Authors: Buijze G.A. , Keereweer S. , Jennings G. , Vorster W. , Debeer J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIrreparable posterior cuff tears can cause pain and lack of shoulder function. Surgical treatment includes musculotendinous transfers of either latissimus dorsi (LD) or teres major (TM). This study aimed to give a detailed description of the morphology of these two muscles with particular regard to their suitability for use in transfers. Sixty‐two shoulders in 31 cadaveric specimens (mean age 50 years) were dissected. The mean length of the TM was 13.7 cm at its superior edge while the distance from the muscle origin to the greater tuberosity (GT) was 19.2 cm. The tendon of the TM had a length of 1.5 cm, a width of 3.4 cm, and a thickness of 1.3 mm. The mean length of the LD was 26.0 cm and the distance from its origin to the GT was 32.9 cm. The mean length of the LD tendon was 5.2 cm, its width 2.9 cm, and its thickness 1.0 mm. The increased length required to achieve transfer was 47% (of the original length) for TM and 33% for LD. Both TM and LD could reach the GT with ease, according to the potential muscle excursions. Tension of the neurovascular bundle is more probable with LD because it enters the muscle relatively closer to the tendon. Problems with regard to reattachment may be more likely to occur in a transfer of the TM because of its short tendon. Clin. Anat. 20:919–923, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic relationship of heel spur to surrounding soft tissues: Greater variability than previously reported
Authors: Li J. , Muehleman C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe stimulating factor for the development of heel spur (calcaneal exostosis) is controversial. In a sample of elderly cadaveric specimens, using radiographic, gross morphological, and histological investigation, we demonstrate that heel spurs are generally not found in the trajectory of traction from the plantar aponeurosis enthesis or plantar muscles. Rather, they are variably associated with soft tissues including loose connective tissue, fibrocartilage, muscle, and aponeurosis. Furthermore, the bony trabeculae of the spur are not aligned in the direction of soft tissue traction, but rather in the direction of stress on the calcaneus during walking and standing. These results substantiate the view that the heel spur may be a skeletal response to stress and may serve to protect the bone against the development of microfractures. Clin. Anat. 20:950–955, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myoseverin disrupts sarcomeric organization in myocytes: An effect independent of microtubule assembly inhibition
Authors: Ng Dominic C. H. , Gebski Bijanka L. , Grounds Miranda D. , Bogoyevitch Marie A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlthough disruption of the microtubule (MT) array inhibits myogenesis in myocytes, the relationship between the assembly of microtubules (MT) and the organization of the contractile filaments is not clearly defined. We now report that the assembly of mature myofibrils in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes is disrupted by myoseverin, a compound previously shown to perturb the MT array in skeletal muscle cells. Myoseverin treated cardiac myocytes showed disruptions of the striated Z‐bands containing α‐actinin and desmin and the localization of tropomyosin, titin and myosin on mature sarcomeric filaments. In contrast, MT depolymerization by nocodazole did not perturb sarcomeric filaments. Similarly, expression of constitutively active stathmin as a non‐chemical molecular method of MT depolymerization did not prevent sarcomere assembly. The extent of MT destabilization by myoseverin and nocodazole were comparable. Thus, the effect of myoseverin on sarcomere assembly was independent of its capacity for MT inhibition. Furthermore, we found that upon removal of myoseverin, sarcomeres reformed in the absence of an intact MT network. Sarcomere formation in cardiac myocytes therefore, does not appear to require an intact MT network and thus we conclude that a functional MT array appears to be dispensable for myofibrillogenesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The first score predicting overall survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression
Authors: Rades Dirk , Dunst Juergen , Schild Steven E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The current study was performed to create a scoring system to estimate the survival of patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC).METHODS.Based on a multivariate survival analysis of 1852 patients who were treated with radiotherapy (RT) for MSCC, a scoring system was developed. The system included the 6 prognostic factors found to be significant in that multivariate analysis: tumor type, interval between tumor diagnosis and MSCC, other bone or visceral metastases at the time of RT, ambulatory status, and duration of motor deficits. The score for each prognostic factor was determined by dividing the 6‐month survival rate (given as the percentage) by 10. The total score represented the sum of the scores for each prognostic factor. Total scores ranged between 20 and 45 points and patients were divided into 5 groups. For each group, the survival was compared for short‐course or long‐course RT.RESULTS.The 6‐month survival rates were 4% for patients with a score of 20 to 25 points,11% for patients with a score of 26 to 30 points, 48% for patients with a score of 31 to 35 points, 87% for patients with a score of 36 to 40 points, and 99% for patients with a score of 41 to 45 points (P < .001). Patients with scores ≥36 were found to have a significantly longer survival when comparing long‐course versus short‐course RT, and those with scores <36 were found to have similar survival regardless of whether short‐course or long‐course RT was used.CONCLUSIONS.Using the scoring system described herein, patients with MSCC can be grouped to estimate survival. Patients with scores ≥36 were found to survive longer with long‐course RT, whereas patients with lower scores had a similar survival regardless of whether long‐course or short‐course RT was used. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in anxiety circuitry: Correspondence of physiological response and subcellular distribution
Authors: Muly E. Chris , Mania Irakli , Guo Ji‐Dong , Rainnie Donald G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractActivation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) in the amygdala plays a critical role in the regulation of fear and anxiety states. Previous studies using nonselective agonists have suggested this action can result from activation of either pre‐ or postsynaptic mGluR2/3. Here, we have used a combination of whole‐cell patch clamp recording with highly selective agonists (LY354740 and LY379268) and immunoelectron microscopy to examine structure‐function relationships for mGluR2/3 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Stimulation of mGluR2/3 evoked a direct, TTX‐insensitive membrane hyperpolarization in all BLA projection neurons tested, but only about half of BNST neurons. The membrane hyperpolarization was mediated by activation of an outward potassium current or blockade of a tonically active inward Ih current in different groups of BLA neurons. In both regions, mGluR2/3 caused a long‐lasting reduction of glutamate release from presynaptic afferent terminals even at concentrations that failed to elicit a direct postsynaptic response. The localization of mGluR2/3 differed regionally, with postsynaptic labeling significantly more common in BLA than BNST, corresponding to the strength of postsynaptic responses recorded there. Our results demonstrate a complex role for mGluR2/3 receptors in modulating anxiety circuitry, including direct inhibition and reduction of excitatory drive. The combination of direct inhibition of projection neurons within the BLA and suppression of excitatory neurotransmission in the BNST may be responsible for the anxiolytic actions of group II mGluR agonists. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:682–700, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FT‐Grid: a system for achieving fault tolerance in grids
Authors: Xu Jie , Townend Paul , Looker Nik , Groth Paul 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe FT‐Grid system introduces a fault‐tolerance framework that allows faults occurring in service‐oriented systems to be tolerated, thus increasing the dependability of such systems. This paper presents the design, development and evaluation of FT‐Grid. We show empirical evidence of the dependability benefits offered by FT‐Grid by performing an experimental dependability analysis using fault‐injection testing performed with the WS‐FIT tool. We then illustrate a potential problem with voting‐based fault‐tolerance schemes in the service‐oriented paradigm—namely that individual channels within a fault‐tolerant system, supposed to be independent of each other, may in fact invoke common services as part of their workflow, thus increasing the potential for common‐mode failure of those channels. We propose a solution to this issue by using the technique of provenance to provide FT‐Grid with topological awareness. We implement a large experimental system, and—with the use of the Provenance Recording for Services system developed as part of the PASOA project at the University of Southampton—perform a large number of experiments that show that a topologically aware FT‐Grid system serves as a much more dependable system than any other configuration tested, while imposing a negligible timing overhead. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical investigations on the existence of phase transition in ZnO:Li thin films prepared by DC sputtering method
Authors: Abu EL‐Fadl A. , EL‐Maghraby E. M. , Yamazaki T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effect of temperature on the absorption spectra of Zn0.8Li0.2O thin films (ZnO:Li), deposited at 573 K, in the wavelength range 190‐800 nm. The films were deposited on sapphire, MgO or quartz substrates by DC sputtering method. The results show a shift of the optical energy gap (Eg), with direct allowed transition type near the fundamental edge, to lower wavelengths as the temperature increases. The temperature rate of Eg changes considerably showing an anomaly around 320 K depending on type of substrate. The founded results indicated that replacement of Zn ions with Li ions induces a ferroelectric phase in the ZnO wurtzite‐type semiconductor. The exponential dependence of the absorption coefficient on the incident photon energy suggests the validity of the Urbach rule. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)