bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of diabetes‐evoked changes in mitochondrial protein expression of cardiac left ventricle by treatment with a copper(II)‐selective chelator
Authors: Jüllig Mia , Chen Xiuyin , Hickey Anthony J. , Crossman David J. , Xu Aimin , Wang Yu , Greenwood David R. , Choong Yee Soon , Schönberger Sarah J. , Middleditch Martin J. , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Cooper Garth J. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCardiac disease is the commonest cause of death amongst diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which has a poor prognosis, is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function and mitochondrial damage is said to contribute to its development. We recently showed that treatment with the CuII‐selective chelator, triethylenetetramine (TETA), improved cardiac structure, and function in diabetic subjects without modifying hyperglycemia. Thus, TETA has potential utility for the treatment of heart disease. To further understand the molecular mechanism by which it causes these effects, we have conducted the first study of the effect of oral TETA on protein abundance in the cardiac left ventricle of rats with severe streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Proteomic methods showed that of 211 proteins changed in diabetes, 33 recovered after treatment. Through MS, 16 proteins were identified which may constitute major targets of drug action. Remarkably, most of these were mitochondrial proteins with roles in energy metabolism. In addition to components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, TETA treatment normalized both myocardial expression and enzymatic activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. These findings indicate that mitochondria constitute major targets in the mechanism by which TETA restores cardiac structure and function in diabetes.
Application of immunoproteomics to leptospirosis: towards clinical diagnostics and vaccine discovery
Authors: Kositanont Uraiwan , Saetun Putita , Krittanai Chartchai , Doungchawee Galayanee , Tribuddharat Chanwit , Thongboonkerd Visith 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEach of the currently available methods for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis, including the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), has its own drawback(s) when used in clinical practice. A new diagnostic test is therefore required for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis. We applied immunoproteomics to define potential immunogens from five serovars of Leptospira reference strains. A leptospiral whole cell lysate from each serovar was used as the antigen to react with IgG and IgM in the sera from four patients with a positive MAT. Sera from four non‐leptospirosis patients with a negative MAT were pooled and used as the negative control. 2‐D Western blot analysis showed that the degree of immunoreactivity corresponded with the MAT titers. No immunoreactive spots were detected when the pooled control sera were used. A total of 24 protein spots immunoreacted with IgM and/or IgG from patients with leptospirosis. These immunoreactive proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS and were classified into five groups, including flagellar proteins, chaperones/heat shock proteins, transport proteins, metabolic enzymes, and hypothetical proteins. More immunoreactive spots were detected with anti‐human IgG in the sera of all patients and with all the serovars of leptospires used. Some of the identified proteins immunoreacted only with IgG, whereas the others were detectable with both IgM and IgG. Among the immunoreactive proteins identified, FlaB proteins (flagellin and flagellar core protein) have been shown to have a potential role in clinical diagnostics and vaccine development. These data underscore the significant impact of immunoproteomics in clinical applications.
Gauge threshold corrections in intersecting brane world models
Authors: Lüst D. , Stieberger S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe calculate the one‐loop corrections to gauge couplings in N = 1 supersymmetric brane world models, which are realized in an type IIA orbifold/orientifold background with several stacks of D6 branes wrapped on 3‐cycles with non‐vanishing intersections. Contributions arise from both N = 1 and N = 2 open string subsectors. In contrast to what is known from ordinary orbifold theories, N = 1 subsectors do give rise to moduli‐dependent one‐loop corrections.
Assay for rapid analysis of the tri‐peptidase activity of LTA4 hydrolase
Authors: Tholander Fredrik , Haeggström Jesper Z. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLeukotriene A4 hydrolase is a bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme with an epoxide hydrolase activity as well as an arginyl tri‐peptidase activity. Detailed enzymological and mechanistic investigations of the latter activity have been hampered by the lack of a rapid and convenient enzyme assay. Here we have developed a new method allowing direct spectrophotometric assessment of the tri‐peptide cleaving activity of leukotriene A4 hydrolase, as well as other peptidases. The method utilizes two competing substrates, one chromogenic reference substrate together with the tri‐peptide substrate of interest, and relies on computer‐assisted analysis of progress curves. The chromogenic reference substrate serves to disclose the “invisible” tri‐peptide substrate for kinetic analysis. The method is fast and simple and will allow detailed kinetic studies and screening for natural peptide substrates of leukotriene A4 hydrolase as well as other members of the M1 family of aminopeptidases. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the conformational space of protein loops using a mean field technique with MOLS sampling
Authors: Kanagasabai V. , Arunachalam J. , Arun Prasad P. , Gautham N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have recently developed a computational technique that uses mutually orthogonal Latin square sampling to explore the conformational space of oligopeptides in an exhaustive manner. In this article, we report its use to analyze the conformational spaces of 120 protein loop sequences in proteins, culled from the PDB, having the length ranging from 5 to 10 residues. The force field used did not have any information regarding the sequences or structures that flanked the loop. The results of the analyses show that the native structure of the loop, as found in the PDB falls at one of the low energy points in the conformational landscape of the sequences. Thus, a large portion of the structural determinants of the loop may be considered intrinsic to the sequence, regardless of either adjacent sequences or structures, or the interactions that the atoms of the loop make with other residues in the protein or in neighboring proteins. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principles of QSAR models validation: internal and external
Authors: Gramatica Paola 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe recent REACH Policy of the European Union has led to scientists and regulators to focus their attention on establishing general validation principles for QSAR models in the context of chemical regulation (previously known as the Setubal, nowadays, the OECD principles). This paper gives a brief analysis of some principles: unambiguous algorithm, Applicability Domain (AD), and statistical validation. Some concerns related to QSAR algorithm reproducibility and an example of a fast check of the applicability domain for MLR models are presented. Common myths and misconceptions related to popular techniques for verifying internal predictivity, particularly for MLR models (for instance cross‐validation, bootstrap), are commented on and compared with commonly used statistical techniques for external validation. The differences in the two validating approaches are highlighted, and evidence is presented that only models that have been validated externally, after their internal validation, can be considered reliable and applicable for both external prediction and regulatory purposes.
Factor Analysis Scale of Generalized Amino Acid Information as the Source of a New Set of Descriptors for Elucidating the Structure and Activity Relationships of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Liang Guizhao , Li Zhiliang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFactor Analysis Scale of Generalized Amino Acid Information (FASGAI), as a new set of amino acid descriptors, reflecting hydrophobicity, alpha and turn propensities, bulky properties, compositional characteristics, local flexibility, and electronic properties, was derived from multi‐dimensional properties of 20 coded amino acids. Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) analyses on 101 cationic Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) with 15 residues were then performed using FASGAI representation, Genetic Algorithm (GA) selection features, and Partial Least Squares (PLS) modeling. It was found that electronic properties of the tenth residue, bulky properties of the seventh residue, hydrophobicity of the twelfth residue, electronic properties of the third residue were highly positively correlated to antibacterial activity, whereas, hydrophobicity of the sixth residue, compositional characteristics of the sixth residue, and hydrophobicity of the tenth residue were highly negatively correlated to antibacterial activity. Analysis of variance demonstrated that a specific sequence rather than an overall sequence of AMPs may be responsible for high activity. Favorable results showed that FASGAI descriptors cherish many distinguished advantages such as plentiful structural information, easy manipulation, straightforward physicochemical meaning, and high characterization competence, and GA for parameter selection is valid in QSAR of antimicrobial peptides studied. These have thus pointed us further into the potential direction of investigation on structures and functions of other various functional peptides.
Etiology and outcome of prenatally detected paracardial cystic lesions: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Bernasconi A. , Yoo S‐J. , Golding F. , Langer J. C. , Jaeggi E. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectivesIsolated paracardial cysts, defined as cystic structures adjacent to or originating from the heart, are rare and etiologically heterogeneous congenital abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with prenatally diagnosed isolated cysts.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively the medical charts and ultrasound records of all cases with an antenatal diagnosis of paracardial cyst at our institution between 2001 and 2006. Where applicable, the diagnosis was further substantiated by other imaging modalities and pathology.ResultsThe cysts in six fetuses were diagnosed at a median gestation of 20 (range, 19–38) weeks. Three of these fetuses presented with a fluid‐filled cyst attached to or within the pericardial space (pericardial cysts), which resolved spontaneously by the time of delivery. In contrast, the cysts did not change in size or shape in the remaining three fetuses. Postnatal examination of the persistent cysts revealed three different etiologies: (1) a microcystic lymphangioma, located in the anterior mediastinum; (2) an isolated neurenteric cyst; and (3) a single bronchogenic cyst, both within the posterior mediastinum. The lymphangioma and neurenteric cyst were removed surgically after birth.ConclusionsFetal echocardiography enables early detection of paracardial cyst. Pericardial cysts disappeared spontaneously during the course of gestation without signs of fetal cardiac compromise, suggesting a benign prognosis. Imaging by magnetic resonance and computerized tomography were particularly useful to clarify the etiology, structure and extent of those cysts that had not resolved by the time of birth. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Cyclopropane Fatty Acids from the Phospholipids of the Caribbean Sponge Pseudospongosorites suberitoides
Authors: Carballeira Néstor M. , Montano Nashbly , Vicente Jan , Rodriguez Abimael D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cyclopropane fatty acids 17‐methyl‐trans‐4,5‐methyleneoctadecanoic acid, 18‐methyl‐trans‐4,5‐methylenenonadecanoic acid, and 17‐methyl‐trans‐4,5‐methylenenonadecanoic acid were characterized for the first time in nature in the phospholipids (mainly PE, PG and PS) of the hermit‐crab sponge Pseudospongosorites suberitoides. Pyrrolidine derivatization was the key in identifying the position of the cyclopropyl and methyl groups in the acyl chains and 1H NMR was used to determine the trans stereochemistry of the cyclopropane ring. The phospholipids from the sponge also contained an interesting series of iso‐anteiso Δ5,9 fatty acids with chain‐lengths between 17 and 21 carbons, with the fatty acids (5Z,9Z)‐18‐methyl‐5,9‐nonadecadienoic acid and the (5Z,9Z)‐17‐methyl‐5,9‐nonadecadienoic acid being described for the first time in sponges. The anteiso α‐methoxylated fatty acid 2‐methoxy‐12‐methyltetradecanoic acid was also identified for the first time in nature in the phospholipids of this interesting marine sponge. The novel cyclopropyl fatty acids could have originated from the phospholipids of a cyanobacterium living in symbiosis with the sponge.
Offshoring technology innovation: A case study of rare‐earth technology
Authors: Fifarek Brian J. , Veloso Francisco M. , Davidson Cliff I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMany US firms are improving their individual competitiveness by offshoring manufacturing operations, services and, increasingly, knowledge work. Although research to date has maintained that these practices are beneficial to the offshoring firm and national economies, by reducing costs and expanding markets, little is known about the longer term effect of offshoring on the rate of innovation of home economies. This paper suggests that offshoring practices have adverse effects on innovation at the national home base. The analysis uses patents in the rare‐earth element industry, a high‐tech area which is among those that have evolved the furthest towards outsourcing and relocation away from the US and to developing countries. Looking at the rare‐earth industry can provide insights in identifying potential long term impacts of offshoring on innovation because many other US industries are likely to adopt similar offshoring strategies.
Theileria parva live vaccination: parasite transmission, persistence and heterologous challenge in the field
Authors: OURA C. A. L. , BISHOP R. , ASIIMWE B. B. , SPOONER P. , LUBEGA G. W. , TAIT A. 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYThe ‘Muguga cocktail’ live vaccine, delivered by an infection and treatment protocol, has been widely deployed in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa to protect cattle against East Coast fever, caused by Theileria parva. The vaccine contains 3 component stocks (Muguga, Serengeti-transformed and Kiambu 5). In a previous study, parasites from vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were genotyped with a panel of micro- and minisatellite markers (Oura et al.2004a) and it was shown that only the Kiambu 5 stock establishes a long-term carrier state but there was no evidence for the transmission of this stock. Also parasite genotypes different from the 3 component vaccine stocks were identified in vaccinated animals. We now report a follow-up study on the same farm, some 4 years after the initial vaccination, aimed at establishing the source of the novel parasite genotypes identified in vaccinated cattle, determining the longevity of the carrier state established by the Kiambu 5 vaccine stock and re-examining whether vaccine transmission can occur over a longer time-scale. To do this, samples were taken from vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle and the parasites were genotyped with a series of micro- and minisatellite markers. The data indicate that the vaccine stabilates contain at least 6 parasite genotypes, the Kiambu 5 stock can be detected in many but not all vaccinated cattle for up to 4 years and can be transmitted to unvaccinated cattle which share grazing and that some of the vaccinated animals become infected with local genotypes without causing overt disease.
Protecting Taonga: the cultural heritage of the New Zealand Maori
Authors: Paterson RK 
Published: March 2007

New Zealand concerns regarding cultural heritage focus almost
exclusively on the indigenous Maori of that country. This article
includes discussion of the way in which New Zealand regulates the local
sale and export of Maori material cultural objects. It examines recent
proposals to reform this system, including allowing Maori custom to
determine ownership of newly found objects.A major development in New Zealand law concerns the role of a quasi-judicial body, the Waitangi Tribunal. Many tribunal decisions have contained lengthy discussions of Maori taonga (cultural treasures) and of alleged past misconduct by former governments and their agents in relation to such objects and Maori cultural heritage in general.As is the case with legal systems elsewhere, New Zealand seeks to reconcile the claims of its indigenous peoples with other priorities, such as economic development and environmental protection. Maori concerns have led to major changes in New Zealand heritage conservation law. A Maori Heritage Council now acts to ensure that places and sites of Maori interest will be protected. The council also plays a role in mediating conflicting interests of Maori and others, such as scientists, in relation to the scientific investigation of various sites.Despite these developments, New Zealand has yet to sign the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. The changes proposed to New Zealand cultural property law have yet to be implemented, and there is evidence of uncertainty about the extent to which protecting indigenous Maori rights can be reconciled with the development of a national cultural identity and the pursuit of universal concerns, such as sustainable development.
The cost of journal publishing: a literature review and commentary
Authors: KING Donald W. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis article begins by describing the concepts of fixed, variable, marginal, average, direct and indirect costs of journal publishing. Hypothetical examples are given, to avoid preconceived perceptions and controversies about levels of cost. The examples demonstrate the impact of the levels of fixed and variable cost on the average cost per subscription, which is often the basis for subscription prices. Examples are also given to illustrate the effect of indirect costs on average costs per subscription, and the effect of the number of articles published on average costs. Then the implications of the examples on libraries and on the author‐side payment model are examined. These hypothetical examples are followed by evidence in the literature of fixed costs, variable costs due to print reproduction and distribution, and indirect costs. Finally, the term ‘economies of scale’ is defined, and examples are given as to how economies of scale are achieved.
An innovation‐oriented publication system
Authors: OHTA Teruto 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT‘Innovation’ has become a keyword in many countries; to support innovation, a better publication system for academic articles is needed. In this article, a proposed new system is discussed. The current title‐based contract between publishers and libraries has caused a serious information gap, particularly in small institutes. In the new model, called the ‘beneficiary‐pays’ model, sales are at the individual article level, and not that of the journal as a whole. In addition, the publication cost of poorly accessed articles is borne mainly by authors, whereas that of frequently used articles is paid mainly by readers. The feasibility of the new model is discussed. The two currently practised models, ‘author‐pays’ and ‘reader‐pays’, are compared with the ‘beneficiary‐pays’ model. It is doubtful if journals operating under the ‘author–pays’ open access model can ever acquire the reputation based on quality that is needed to motivate authors to pay high enough fees to finance the entire publication cost. The new variant of the user‐pays model, in which libraries pay not for a subscription, but in proportion to the number of times the journal is accessed, is a fairer business model; however, the beneficiary‐pays model is more sensitive to high‐impact works.
Copyright: past, present and future
Authors: WILLIAMS Alan 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTCopyright has developed over the years from an instrument of taxation and censorship to a complex set of rules, primarily to protect the creator, but now having to grapple with cyberspace. This article examines that development, and looks at some of the arguments for and against the existence of copyright. It is argued that copyright is flexible enough to cope with the electronic world. The article examines the lessons learned from the past, and asks whether the Gowers Report helps or hinders. The author also raises the question ‘what is the future of copyright?’, given the intense interest not just of the UK government but also of the European Commission, which is determined to provide a ‘level playing‐field’ across the countries of the EU. Lastly, the author examines the five main pressure points relevant to the future of copyright and asks who the publisher of the future will be.
Double anonymity in peer review within the chemistry periodicals community
Authors: BROWN Richard J.C. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSurveys of the opinions of the scientific community on types of peer‐review system, especially the use of double anonymity, remain sparse. This work has canvassed the opinion of 1,439 editors‐in‐chief, editors and editorial board members of journals by all major publishers in chemistry, on the use of double anonymity in the peer‐review process. This is the first time such a survey has been conducted within the chemistry periodicals community. Data were gathered by means of an e‐mail questionnaire, the response rate to which was 25.7%. The results of the study are presented. Analysis of the data, with some supporting discussion, is provided.
Academic authors, scholarly publishing, and open access in Australia
Authors: KENNAN Mary Anne 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper briefly describes the rapidly changing research evaluation and funding landscape in Australian universities, specifically in relation to open access and institutional repositories. Recent announcements indicate that funding and evaluation bodies are becoming increasingly concerned that publicly funded research be made publicly available. The paper then reports a survey of all levels of academic staff plus research students at one Australian university, conducted in May 2006, prior to the introduction of an institutional repository. The survey, in line with previously reported surveys, found that while there was a high level of engagement with scholarly publishing, there was a low level of awareness of, or concern with, either open access (‘green’ or ‘gold’) or the roles repositories can play in increasing accessibility of research. Practically, this indicates that much work needs to be done within this university to increase knowledge of, and change behaviours with regard to, open access and repositories if the university and its academics are to make the most of new funding requirements and research evaluation processes.
Book Reviews
Authors: Oppenheim Charles , Alexander Huw , Oppenheim Charles , Morgan Cliff 
Published: March 2007

Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects Edited by Neil Jacobs Chandos Publishing, 2006. 250 pp. ISBN 1‐84334‐203‐0, £39.95, pbk ISBN 1‐84334‐204‐9, £57.00, hbkSelling Rights, 5th edn Lynette Owen Routledge, 2006. 384 pp. ISBN 978‐0‐415‐36280‐1, £75.00 hbk ISBN 978‐0‐415‐38652‐4, £29.95 pbkBound by Law? Tales from the Public Domain by Keith Aoki, James Boyle and Jennifer Jenkins Duke Law School Center for the Study of the Public Domain, 2006. 76 pp. ISBN 0‐974‐15531‐4, $5.95, pbk. Freely available online at http://www.law.duke.edu/cspdDigital Preservation Marilyn Deegan Simon Tanner Facet Publishing, 2006, Digital Futures Series. 288 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐85604‐485‐1, £39.95, hbk.