bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of IGF signaling and the androgen receptor in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Wu Jennifer D. , Haugk Kathy , Woodke Libby , Nelson Peter , Coleman Ilsa , Plymate Stephen R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe insulin‐like growth factor type I receptor (IGF‐IR) has been suggested to play an important role in prostate cancer progression and possibly in the progression to androgen‐independent (AI) disease. The term AI may not be entirely correct, in that recent data suggest that expression of androgen receptor (AR) and androgen‐regulated genes is the primary association with prostate cancer progression after hormone ablation. Therefore, signaling through other growth factors has been thought to play a role in AR‐mediated prostate cancer progression to AI disease in the absence of androgen ligand. However, existing data on how IGF‐IR signaling interacts with AR activation in prostate cancer are conflicting. In this Prospect article, we review some of the published data on the mechanisms of IGF‐IR/AR interaction and present new evidence that IGF‐IR signaling may modulate AR compartmentation and thus alter AR activity in prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of IGF‐IR signaling can result in cytoplasmic AR retention and a significant change in androgen‐regulated gene expression. Translocation of AR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus may be associated with IGF‐induced dephosphorylation. Since fully humanized antibodies targeting the IGF‐IR are now in clinical trials, the current review is intended to reveal the mechanisms of potential therapeutic effects of these antibodies on AI prostate cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 392–401, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of HNF4α isoforms in liver stem cells and hepatocytes
Authors: Li Keguo , Zhang Haiquan , Wang Yanjun , Wang Yun , Feng Meifu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF4α) has been implicated in liver development and hepatocellular differentiation. The HNF4α expression in liver stem cells has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we describe the expression characterization of HNF4α in liver stem cells isolated from 2‐acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (AAF/PH) rat model by a combination of density‐gradient centrifugation and selective enzymatic digestion. The obtained cells were identified by flow cytometry (FCM) immediately and then by immunocytochemisty and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) after 5 d culture. The cultured stem cells were subjected to analysis of the expression of various HNF4α isoforms using RT‐PCR, Western blotting, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results showed that HNF4α isoforms, α1, α2, α7, and α8 were present in liver stem cells, which contrasted with only α1 and α2 expression in hepatocytes. The distinct expression patterns of HNF4α isoforms in liver stem cells may contribute to maintain the “stemness” of these cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 558–564, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell epitopes of the La/SSB autoantigen: Prediction based on the homology modeling of HLA‐DQ2/DQ7 with the insulin‐B peptide/HLA‐DQ8 complex
Authors: Kosmopoulou Aggeliki , Vlassi Metaxia , Stavrakoudis Athanassios , Sakarellos Constantinos , Sakarellos‐Daitsiotis Maria 
Published: April 2006

AbstractT‐cell epitopes are important components of the inappropriate response of the immune system to self‐proteins in autoimmune diseases. In this study, the candidate T‐cell epitopes of the La/SSB autoantigen, the main target of the autoimmune response in patients with Sjogren's Syndrome (SS), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) were predicted using as a template the HLA‐DQ2 and DQ7 molecules, which are genetically linked to patients with SS and SLE. Modeling of DQ2 and DQ7 was based on the crystal structure of HLA‐DQ8, an HLA molecule of high risk factor of type I diabetes, which is also an autoimmune disease. The quality and reliability of the modeled DQ2 and DQ7 was confirmed by the Ramachandran plot and the TINKER molecular modeling software. Common and/or similar candidate T‐cell epitopes, obtained by comparing three different approaches the Taylor's sequence pattern, the TEPITOPE quantitative matrices, and the MULTIPRED artificial neural network, were subjected to homology modeling with the crystal structure of the insulin‐B peptide complexed with HLA‐DQ8, and the best superposed candidate epitopes were placed into the modeled HLA‐DQ2 and DQ7 binding grooves to perform energy minimization calculations. Six T‐cell epitopes were predicted for HLA‐DQ7 and nine for HLA‐DQ2 covering parts of the amino‐terminal and the central regions of the La/SSB autoantigen. Residues corresponding to the P1, P4, and P9 pockets of the HLA‐DQ2 and DQ7 binding grooves experience very low SASA because they are less exposed to the microenvironment of the groove. The proposed T‐cell epitopes complexed with HLA‐DQ2/DQ7 were further evaluated for their binding efficiency according to their potential interaction energy, binding affinity, and IC50 values. Our approach constitutes the ground work for a rapid and reliable experimentation concerning the T‐cell epitope mapping of autoantigens, and could lead to the development of T‐cell inhibitors as immunotherapeutics in autoimmune diseases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1033–1044, 2006
A Cationic Water‐Soluble Poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) Derivative: Highly Sensitive Biosensor for Iron‐Sulfur Protein Detection
Authors: Cheng Fan , Zhang Guang‐Wei , Lu Xiao‐Mei , Huang Yan‐Qin , Chen Yi , Zhou Ying , Fan Qu‐Li , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: A new water‐soluble cationic ammonium‐functionalized poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV‐NEtMe) was successfully synthesized and exhibited high sensitivity (Ksv = 6.9 × 107 M−1) on rubredoxin, a type of anionic iron‐sulfur (Fe‐S) proteins. Further investigation showed that the biosensitivity of the cationic conjugated polymer is strongly dependent on the nature of the buffer solution and the concentration of the conjugated polymer used in the analyses.The schematic diagram of anionic rubredoxin detected by PPV‐NEtMe.magnified imageThe schematic diagram of anionic rubredoxin detected by PPV‐NEtMe.
Direct Melt Intercalation of Polylactide Chains into Nano‐Galleries: Interlayer Expansion and Nano‐Composite Structure
Authors: Yoshida Osamu , Okamoto Masami 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: The polylactide‐based nano‐composites were prepared via melt extrusion method using different types of intercalants and nano‐fillers having different surface charge density. In order to understand the direct polymer melt intercalation into the nano‐galleries, the interdigitated layer structure of the organically modified layered filler (OMLF), where the intercalants are oriented with some inclination to the host layer in the interlayer space, was proposed. After polymer melt intercalation, the smaller initial interlayer opening led to the larger interlayer expansion, suggesting the large amount of the intercalation of the polymer chains. Consequently, the nano‐composite exhibited finer dispersion of the nano‐fillers when compared with the nano‐composites prepared from OMLFs with larger initial interlayer opening.Illustration of a model of interlayer structure of the qC14(OH) in gallery space of HTO.magnified imageIllustration of a model of interlayer structure of the qC14(OH) in gallery space of HTO.
Prognostic significance of PU.1 in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Torlakovic EE , Bilalovic N , Golouh R , Zidar A , Angel S 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVery few prognostic factors are known in follicular lymphoma (FL), a common malignancy of germinal centre (GC) B‐cells. The Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) thus far appears to be the most important predictor of clinical outcome. This study explores the predictive power of the degree of GC differentiation for outcome in FL. Samples from 73 patients with FL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for expression of GC markers. Strong PU.1, CD20, and CD75 expression were significantly associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results for PFS were independent of the International Prognostic Index or the Italian Lymphoma Intergroup prognostic index for CD75 and PU.1, but only PU.1 expression was independent of FLIPI for PFS and OS. Oct‐2 was weakly expressed overall, but more strongly in higher grades of FL; it had a trend for negative linear association with PU.1 and strong positive linear association with CD27, which possibly reflects its role in terminal B‐cell differentiation. We show that the level of GC differentiation, as determined by the levels of PU.1, CD75, CD20, Bcl‐6, and CD10 expression, has an association with outcome in patients with FL. While this is determined qualitatively in most studies of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, in FL there is a quantitative positive association between a high level of expression of GC antigens and longer OS and PFS even when data are stratified by the FLIPI score. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organization of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles by Controlled Protein Interactions
Authors: Kohut Ananiys , Voronov Andriy , Peukert Wolfgang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGold colloidal particles were synthesized and modified by molecular self‐assembly. In addition, the reaction of biotinylated colloids with a tetrameric protein, avidin, was studied by optical absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The modification involves the chemisorption of octadecanethiol on the gold, with the further attachment of alkyl biotin and cross‐linking with avidin molecules. The specific interaction of avidin with biotin leads to the controlled cross‐linking of particles. The degree of flocculation was quantified using a semi‐empirical flocculation parameter and its dependence on the biotinylation system was studied. The measured data were in good agreement, showing the possibility of regulating the aggregation rate and size of the aggregates using the experimental time, degree of biotinylation, and avidin concentration. The morphology of the self‐assembled gold monolayers, from the aggregated particles, was imaged by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. The structure of the thin particulate film depends on the bulk aggregate size and aggregation rate.
Is Surgery Beneficial for MEN1 Patients with Small (≤2 cm), Nonfunctioning Pancreaticoduodenal Endocrine Tumor? An Analysis of 65 Patients from the GTE
Authors: Triponez Frederic , Goudet Pierre , Dosseh David , Cougard Patrick , Bauters Catherine , Murat Arnaud , Cadiot Guillaume , Niccoli‐Sire Patricia , Calender Alain , Proye Charles A. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe management of small, nonfunctioning pancreaticoduodenal endocrine tumors (NFPET) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) patients is still controversial. We therefore investigated the effect of surgery on survival and tumor progression in MEN1 patients with NFPET ≤2 cm by analyzing data from the Groupe des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) registry.Materials and MethodsAmong 579 MEN1 patients in the registry, 65 had NFPET ≤ 2 cm. Fifteen (23%) underwent pancreatectomy, 9 at least segmental pancreatectomies and 6 biopsies or enucleations (the surgery group), and 50 (77%) were followed conservatively (the no surgery group). Age at MEN1 and NFPET diagnosis was similar in both groups, as was size of the primary tumor. Seven (10.8%) patients had metastases. Five metastases were synchronous, and 2 (one in each group) were metachronous. Tumor size was similar in patients with or without metastasis.ResultsThere was no perioperative mortality. The average follow‐up time after NFPET diagnosis was 6.7 years in the surgery group and 3.3 years in the no surgery group. Three (4.6%) patients died during follow‐up, 2 due to NFPET and 1 due to thymus tumor. The 2 patients who died of NFPET had undergone pancreatic surgery at the time of NFPET diagnosis. The 2 groups did not differ significantly with respect to tumor progression [5/15 (33%) vs 6/38 (16%), P = 0.16]. Overall life expectancy of patients with NFPET ≤2 cm was not different than that of the 229 MEN1 patients in the registry without any pancreaticoduodenal tumor (P = 0.33).ConclusionsThis study suggests that surgery may not be beneficial for MEN1 patients with NFPET ≤2 cm.
Selective Use of Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Lateralization of Aldosterone‐producing Adenomas
Authors: Tan Yah Yuen , Ogilvie Jennifer B. , Triponez Frederick , Caron Nadine R. , Kebebew Electron K. , Clark Orlo H. , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIntroductionIt has been suggested that routine adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is necessary to lateralize an aldosterone‐producing adenoma in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. However, the success rate of AVS is variable, with potential risks. We review our experience at University of California San Francisco (UCSF), where AVS is used only selectively, to determine outcomes with this approach.MethodsAll patients undergoing adrenalectomy for aldosteronoma at UCSF from January 1995 to October 2004 were included. Outcome after adrenalectomy was determined based on plasma levels of aldosterone and potassium, rates of persistent hypertension, and reduced use of antihypertensive medications.ResultsAltogether, 65 patients were included in the study, 52 (80%) of whom had their adrenal tumors lateralized based on computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, or both. The remaining 13 (20%) patients had doubtful localization of their lesions on imaging. We did not routinely perform AVS in patients with definitive imaging findings. Thus, only 4 (8%) patients with definitive imaging findings underwent AVS, and one was unsuccessful. Of the 13 patients with doubtful lateralization on imaging, 8 underwent AVS. With this practice, biochemical cure rates after adrenalectomy were up to 100%, and hypertension resolved or was improved in 85% of patients.ConclusionsAVS may be performed selectively only when preoperative imaging cannot definitively lateralize the aldosteronoma. This practice in our center has resulted in high cure rates. During the era of improved imaging resolution and experience, mandatory routine AVS is not necessary to achieve high cure rates for aldosteronomas.
Two fluid compartments in the renal inner medulla: a view through the keyhole of the concentrating process
Authors: Pinter G.G , Shohet J.L 
Published: April 2006

Approximately four decades ago, the countercurrent theory became influential in studies on the concentrating process in the mammalian kidney. The theory successfully represented the concentrating process in the outer medulla, but the problem of the concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla, as defined by Homer Smith has remained essentially intractable.
In a recent comprehensive review by Knepper and coworkers of various theories and models, attention was refocused on the possible role of hyaluronate (HA) in the inner medullary concentrating process. The authors proposed a hypothesis that HA can convert hydrostatic pressure to concentrating work.
Here, we briefly survey the earlier ideas on the role imputed to HA and present a new hypothesis which is different from that of Knepper and coworkers. We estimate that the hydrostatic pressures available in the inner medulla can account only for a very small fraction of the concentrating work. We hypothesize that the role of HA is tied up with extravasated plasma albumin and suggest that owing to the property of HA solutions to exclude other macromolecules, extravasated plasma albumin and HA constitute two fluid compartments in the interstitium in the inner medulla. In this proposed two-compartment model, the Gibbs-Donnan distribution influences the movement of ions and water between the HA and the extravasated albumin compartment.
To relate the hypothetical role of HA to the concentrating process, we briefly describe new results obtained by other investigators on the accumulation of urea in the inner medulla. This subject has been critically reviewed recently by Yang & Bankir.
Many processes have been identified as contributing to the concentrating process in the mammalian inner medulla. We speculate that among these many processes, the primary responsibility for the final concentration of the excreted urine may be portioned out differently in different mammalian species.
Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma. Report of five cases
Authors: Pérez Lidia Pérez , Zulaica Ander , Rodríguez Luis , Campo M. Carmen , Peñaranda José Manuel Suárez , Fernández‐Redondo Virginia , Toribio Jaime 
Published: April 2006

Background:  Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma is an infrequent and most likely non‐neoplastic disorder usually seen in acral regions in elderly women. It presents clinically as asymptomatic red‐to‐brown tumors, with a tendency to confluence. It must be distinguished from other diverse cutaneous lesions, notably dermatofibroma, Kaposi sarcoma, and angiofibroma.Methods:  We report the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of five patients, all women aged between 51 and 78 years. All except the first presented lesions on both of the lower limbs. None of the patients developed spontaneous resolution of the lesions and one was successfully treated by cryosurgery.Comments:  Multinucleate cells are characteristic, but neither exclusive nor pathognomonic, of multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma, since they can also appear in other inflammatory, neoplastic, or reactive processes. The presence of these cells and vascular proliferation in dermis media are the principal histopathological findings in this infrequent entity. In immunohistochemical studies, the multinucleate cells are often positive for vimentin and factor XIIIa.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α, δ, γ1 and γ2 Expressions are Present in Human Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells and Modulate Dendritic Cell Maturation by Addition of Subtype‐Specific Ligands
Authors: Jakobsen M. A. , Petersen R. K. , Kristiansen K. , Lange M. , Lillevang S. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt has recently been shown by Chang et al. (J Immunol 2000;165:3584–91) that the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of long‐chain fatty acids redirects DC into Th0/Th2‐inducing cells suggesting the involvement of a receptor for long‐chain fatty acids like members of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) superfamily. Here, we show that immature and mature monocyte‐derived DC (Mo‐DC) express PPARα, PPARδ, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 mRNA with the highest level of PPARγ1 mRNA. We were only able to observe the expression of PPARγ1 protein by Western blotting probably because the protein level of the other subtypes is below the detection limit. Synthetic ligands specific for PPARα, PPARδ or PPARγ added at day 0–6 have similar effect on the maturation of Mo‐DC driving the maturation of Mo‐DC with atypical phenotype, reduced expression of IL‐10, IL‐12 p35 and IL‐12 p40 mRNA and with reduced stimulatory effects in mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). Our data suggest that naturally occurring PPAR ligands like fatty acids and fatty acid derivates have anti‐inflammatory effects by redirecting DC into a less stimulatory mode.
Distinguishing eustatic and epeirogenic controls on Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary successions in West Gondwana (Morocco and Iberia)
Authors: LANDING ED , GEYER GERD , HELDMAIER WOLFRAM 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMajor eustatic fall has been invoked to explain Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary sandstones and faunal replacements on a number of Cambrian palaeocontinents. This proposal has been tested on the Moroccan and Spanish margins of West Gondwana and found to be inadequate to explain stratigraphical developments. In these regions, sandstone intervals long presumed to be regressive and late Early Cambrian in age are now shown to be early Middle Cambrian, and composed of a lower regressive and an overlying transgressive sandstone separated by a regional unconformity. Only the lower tidalites (i.e. Tazlaft Formation in Morocco and lower Daroca sandstones in Spain) record the Hawke Bay eustatic regression in West Gondwana. The Tazlaft is overlain by a newly recognized, unconformably overlying sandstone (Talelt Formation) that onlapped southern Morocco with reactivation of a pull‐apart or transcurrent regime. Up to 150 m of erosion on uplifted blocks in the High Atlas range and foundering of the Souss Basin to the south preceded onlap and deposition of the volcanic‐rich Tatelt, the correlative and depositional analogue of the upper Daroca and lower Valdemides Formations in northern Spain. With folding and erosion, a type 1 depositional sequence boundary also caps the Tatelt at its contact with an overlying, lower Middle Cambrian mudstone‐dominated succession. This unconformity probably occurs in Spain within the Valdemiedes Formation and corresponds to a faunal discontinuity called the ‘Valdemiedes geoevent’. The Iberian ‘Daroca regression’ and Moroccan ‘Asrir regression’ are misnomers, as the sandstones on which they are based are composite units with a lower regressive interval that records eustatic fall and an upper transgressive unit that records epeirogenically driven onlap.
Urban malaria and anaemia in children: a cross‐sectional survey in two cities of Ghana
Authors: Klinkenberg Eveline , McCall P. J. , Wilson Michael D. , Akoto Alex O. , Amerasinghe Felix P. , Bates Imelda , Verhoeff Francine H. , Barnish Guy , Donnelly Martin J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjective  To describe the epidemiology of urban malaria, an emerging problem in sub‐Saharan Africa.Method  Cross‐sectional surveys of communities in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana, determining risk factors for malaria infection and anaemia in children aged 6–60 months.Results  Malaria prevalence rates ranged from 2% to 33% between urban communities. 47.1% of children were anaemic (Hb < 11.0 g/dl). Factors associated with malaria prevalence were low socio‐economic status, age and anaemia. The attributable risks of anaemia and severe anaemia (Hb < 8.0 g/dl) caused by malaria were 5% and 23% respectively.Conclusions  Malaria in urban areas displayed a heterogeneity and complexity that differed from the rural environment, which has important implications for malaria control. Marked intra‐city variation indicates the importance of targeting specific areas or districts. The most vulnerable group, the urban poor, should be prioritized when designing control measures. This would require careful assessment of the malaria risk pattern in any city to guide an integrated control program.
Detection of trypanosome‐specific antibodies in saliva, towards non‐invasive serological diagnosis of sleeping sickness
Authors: Lejon V. , Jamonneau V. , Solano P. , Atchade P. , Mumba D. , Nkoy N. , Bébronne N. , Kibonja T. , Balharbi F. , Wierckx A. , Boelaert M. , Büscher P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjective  The detection of trypanosome‐specific antibodies in saliva is technically feasible, and, if clinically validated, could become an attractive option for non‐invasive diagnosis of sleeping sickness. We wanted to optimize the test format of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based antibody detection system.Methods  Different ELISA formats for antibody detection in serum and saliva were developed and standardized. Saliva and serum samples were collected from 78 patient and 128 endemic control samples, and sensitivity and specificity of saliva ELISAs, serum ELISAs and the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT), were evaluated.Results  All ELISA formats showed sensitivity and specificity above 90%. Saliva ELISAs showed a similar test performance as serum ELISAs and the CATT on whole blood or serum.Conclusions  This study confirms the potential of trypanosome‐specific antibody detection in saliva.