bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Speed Wide‐Angle Sensing and Imaging by WideBand Metasurfaces with Joint Frequency, Polarization, and Spatial Diversities
Authors: Liu Baiyang , Wu Jinyu , Zhang Qingfeng , Wong Hang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐speed wide‐angle radio detection is crucial for intelligent wireless systems, autonomous vehicles, rescue operations in urgent situations, and security in various fields. This can be achieved through diverse controls of electromagnetic waves. Currently, multidimensional manipulations of electromagnetic waves are determined by dynamic antennas like phased arrays, mechanical beam‐steering radars, and programmable metasurface imagers. However, these methods face challenges in achieving rapid responses and large data collection intervals for high‐speed sensing and imaging, due to limitations in the speedy explication of analog‐to‐digital (AD) converters, electronic switches, phase shifters, and stepped motors for radiation beam reconfigurations. To address these challenges, advanced microwave‐to‐millimeter‐wave metasurfaces are introduced, designed to offer joint frequency, polarization, and spatial diversities. The metasurface with a disordered atom permutation enables wide‐angle sensing for accurate trajectory tracking of moving objects. On the other hand, a dispersion‐engineered atom arrangement allows the metasurfaces to facilitate wide‐angle through‐wall imaging, effective in detecting objects of varied shapes and positions. The experiments reveal that these metasurfaces can reconstruct objects at 100 frames per second (fps) from a single‐shot measurement, allowing 0.3x speed playback for detailed analysis. This demonstrates their potential in high‐speed sensing and imaging. Such a breakthrough is pivotal in unveiling new modalities and expanding possibilities in real‐time radio applications, including smart transportation, all‐condition surveillance, perspective radio, and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, especially relevant to technologies of 6G and beyond.
Building Uniformly Structured Polymer Memristors via a 2D Conjugation Strategy for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Li Jinyong , Fan Fei , Fu Xin , Liu Mingxing , Chen Yu , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolymer memristors represent a highly promising avenue for the advancement of next‐generation computing systems. However, the intrinsic structural heterogeneity characteristic of most polymers often results in organic polymer memristors displaying erratic resistive switching phenomena, which in turn lead to diminished production yields and compromised reliability. In this study, a 2D conjugated polymer, named PBDTT‐BPQTPA, is synthesized by integrating the coplanar bis(thiophene)‐4,8‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b]dithiophene (BDTT) as an electron‐donating unit with a quinoxaline derivative serving as an electron‐accepting unit. The incorporation of triphenylamine groups at the quinoxaline termini significantly enhances the polymer's conjugation and planarity, thereby facilitating more efficient charge transport. The fabricated polymer memristor with the structure of Al/PBDTT‐BPQTPA/ITO exhibits typical non‐volatile resistive switching behavior under high voltage conditions, along with history‐dependent memristive properties at lower voltages. The unique memristive behavior of the device enables the simulation of synaptic enhancement/inhibition, learning algorithms, and memory operations. Additionally, the memristor demonstrates its capability for executing logical operations and handling decimal calculations. This study offers a promising and innovative approach for the development of artificial neuromorphic computing systems.
Novel 6‐GHz/80.8% fractional bandwidth filtering power divider with ultra‐large coupling coefficient using air‐dielectric broadside‐coupled lines
Authors: Wang Qunliang , Jiang Yanfeng , Li Shaomin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the letter, a wideband filtering power divider (FPD) with ultra‐large coupling coefficient using air‐dielectric broadside‐coupled lines is proposed. The broadside‐coupled line and single transmission line are alternately connected to construct three resonators, which can be used for large bandwidth and high selectivity filtering. An improved substrate‐integrated suspended line (SISL) structure with two inner layers is developed. In the structure, the broadside coupling occurs by the air. The overall structure is implemented based on the low‐cost FR4 dielectric material. The designed FPD is simulated and fabricated. The results demonstrate its excellent performance, with center frequency of 6 GHz, a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 80.8%, a maximum coupling coefficient of 0.84, an insertion loss of less than 0.29 dB, and an out‐of‐band rejection of more than 52 dB.
Dosimetric study for breathing‐induced motion effects in an abdominal pancreas phantom for carbon ion mini‐beam radiotherapy
Authors: Stengl Christina , Muñoz Iván D. , Arbes Eric , Rauth Evelyn , Christensen Jeppe B. , Vedelago José , Runz Armin , Jäkel Oliver , Seco Joao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundParticle mini‐beam therapy exhibits promise in sparing healthy tissue through spatial fractionation, particularly notable for heavy ions, further enhancing the already favorable differential biological effectiveness at both target and entrance regions. However, breathing‐induced organ motion affects particle mini‐beam irradiation schemes since the organ displacements exceed the mini‐beam structure dimensions, decreasing the advantages of spatial fractionation.PurposeIn this study, the impact of breathing‐induced organ motion on the dose distribution was examined at the target and organs at risk(OARs) during carbon ion mini‐beam irradiation for pancreatic cancer.MethodsAs a first step, the carbon ion mini‐beam pattern was characterized with Monte Carlo simulations. To analyze the impact of breathing‐induced organ motion on the dose distribution of a virtual pancreas tumor as target and related OARs, the anthropomorphic Pancreas Phantom for Ion beam Therapy (PPIeT) was irradiated with carbon ions. A mini‐beam collimator was used to deliver a spatially fractionated dose distribution. During irradiation, varying breathing motion amplitudes were induced, ranging from 5 to 15 mm. Post‐irradiation, the 2D dose pattern was analyzed, focusing on the full width at half maximum (FWHM), center‐to‐center distance (ctc), and the peak‐to‐valley dose ratio (PVDR).ResultsThe mini‐beam pattern was visible within OARs, while in the virtual pancreas tumor a more homogeneous dose distribution was achieved. Applied motion affected the mini‐beam pattern within the kidney, one of the OARs, reducing the PVDR from 3.78 0.12 to 1.478 0.070 for the 15 mm motion amplitude. In the immobile OARs including the spine and the skin at the back, the PVDR did not change within 3.4% comparing reference and motion conditions.ConclusionsThis study provides an initial understanding of how breathing‐induced organ motion affects spatial fractionation during carbon ion irradiation, using an anthropomorphic phantom. A decrease in the PVDR was observed in the right kidney when breathing‐induced motion was applied, potentially increasing the risk of damage to OARs. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the clinical viability of mini‐beam radiotherapy with carbon ions when irradiating abdominal regions.
Color VISION for improved ultrasound visualization of brachytherapy needles
Authors: Dupere Justine M. , Brost Eric E. , Hainy Matthew E. , Lee Christine U. , Urban Matthew W. , Stish Bradley J. , Deufel Christopher L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh dose rate brachytherapy is commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Treatment planning is often performed under transrectal ultrasound (US) guidance, but brachytherapy needles can be challenging to digitize due to the presence of poor US conspicuity and imaging artifacts. The plan accuracy and quality, however, are dependent on the proper visualization of the needles with millimeter accuracy.PurposeThis work describes a technique for generating a color overlay of needle locations atop the grayscale US image. Prototype devices were developed to produce vibrations in the brachytherapy needles that generate a high contrast color Doppler (CD) signal that highlights the needle locations with superior contrast and reduced artifacts. Denoted by the acronym color VISION (Vibrationally Induced Shimmering for Identifying an Object's Nature), the technology has the potential to improve applicator conspicuity and facilitate automated applicator digitization.MethodsThree prototype vibrational devices with frequencies between 200–450 Hz were designed in‐house and evaluated with needle implants in a phantom and cadaveric male pelvis using: (1) an actuator attached to the front of a prostate needle template; (2) an actuator attached to the top of the needle template; and (3) a hand‐held actuator with a stylet, inserted directly into a needle's inner lumen. Acquired images were postprocessed in MATLAB to evaluate the potential for automated digitization.ResultsAll prototype devices produced localized shimmering in implanted brachytherapy needles in both the axial and sagittal planes. The template mounted actuators provided better vibrational coupling and ease of operation than the stylet prototype. The Michelson contrast, or visibility, of the shimmering CD signal was 100% compared with ≤40% for B‐mode imaging of a single needle. Proof‐of‐principle for automated applicator digitization using only the CD signal was demonstrated.ConclusionsThe color VISION prototype devices successfully coupled mechanical vibrations into brachytherapy needles to generate US CD shimmering and accurately highlight brachytherapy needle locations. The high contrast and natively registered signal are promising for future work to automate the needle digitization and provide a real‐time visual overlay of the applicator on the B‐mode US image.
Preparation of efficient and eco‐friendly solid polymer electrolyte based on anionic polyurethane dispersion, polyethylene oxide, and halloysite nanotube
Authors: Naderkhani Neda , Norouzi Negin , Pourmahdian Saeed , Mokhtari Zahra , Tehrani Ashkan , Zahedi Farzad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing need for energy storage devices with high energy density, lithium (Li) metal anodes have been revisited. Due to the high reactivity of Li metal and the safety issues associated with liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have gain attention. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) with the highest ionic conductivity (σ) among the polymers faces serious problems. The inability to meet the practical limit of σ due to its high crystallinity, and its low thermomechanical stability above its melting temperature, have limited its large‐scale application. In this research, anionic polyurethane dispersion (PUD) based on poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) was synthesized and different PUD:PEO compositions was prepared using water as a solvent. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) was also used to improve the ionic conductivity by providing a new pathway for conducting lithium ions in the composition. The results corroborated that the presence of PUD stabilized the storage modulus of the host polymer above Tm of PEO. The ionic nature of the selected PUDs resulted in a transference number of 0.59 and the presence of HNT increased this value to 0.72. The presence of HNTs also led to a significant increase in σ by about three times compared to the control sample.
Comments on ‘standard and reference‐based conditional mean imputation’: Regulators and trial statisticians be aware!
Authors: Cro Suzie , Morris Tim P. , Roger James H. , Carpenter James R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate frequentist performance of a method is desirable in confirmatory clinical trials, but is not sufficient on its own to justify the use of a missing data method. Reference‐based conditional mean imputation, with variance estimation justified solely by its frequentist performance, has the surprising and undesirable property that the estimated variance becomes smaller the greater the number of missing observations; as explained under jump‐to‐reference it effectively forces the true treatment effect to be exactly zero for patients with missing data.
Rejoinder to the letter: “Standard and reference‐based conditional mean imputation: Regulators and trial statisticians be aware!”
Authors: Wolbers Marcel , Noci Alessandro , Delmar Paul , Yiu Sean , Bartlett Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe appreciate Cro et al.'s efforts to bring wider attention to the debate surrounding variance estimation for reference‐based imputation methods. However, we believe that the way this debate is presented as “multiple imputation” versus “conditional mean imputation” can be misleading. Both of these imputation methods rely on identical assumptions and provide essentially identical treatment effect estimates. While conditional mean imputation naturally focuses on the frequentist repeated sampling variance, we show here that it can be easily adapted to target a variance with similar properties to Rubin's variance. Therefore, conditional mean imputation combined with jackknife resampling remains a valid and effective deterministic method for handling missing data under missing‐at‐random or reference‐based assumptions regardless of the user's preference for variance estimation. We also reappraise the frequentist variance by arguing that it correctly reflects the strong assumptions of reference‐based imputation. In contrast, we are not aware of any frequentist or Bayesian framework under which Rubin's variance provides correct inference.
Deep learning in marine bioacoustics: a benchmark for baleen whale detection
Authors: Schall Elena , Kaya Idil Ilgaz , Debusschere Elisabeth , Devos Paul , Parcerisas Clea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPassive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is commonly used to obtain year‐round continuous data on marine soundscapes harboring valuable information on species distributions or ecosystem dynamics. This continuously increasing amount of data requires highly efficient automated analysis techniques in order to exploit the full potential of the available data. Here, we propose a benchmark, which consists of a public dataset, a well‐defined task and evaluation procedure to develop and test automated analysis techniques. This benchmark focuses on the special case of detecting animal vocalizations in a real‐world dataset from the marine realm. We believe that such a benchmark is necessary to monitor the progress in the development of new detection algorithms in the field of marine bioacoustics. We ultimately use the proposed benchmark to test three detection approaches, namely ANIMAL‐SPOT, Koogu and a simple custom sequential convolutional neural network (CNN), and report performances. We report the performance of the three detection approaches in a blocked cross‐validation fashion with 11 site‐year blocks for a multi‐species detection scenario in a large marine passive acoustic dataset. Performance was measured with three simple metrics (i.e., true classification rate, noise misclassification rate and call misclassification rate) and one combined fitness metric, which allocates more weight to the minimization of false positives created by noise. Overall, ANIMAL‐SPOT performed the best with an average F metric of 0.83, followed by the custom CNN with an average fitness metric of 0.79 and finally Koogu with an average fitness metric of 0.59. The presented benchmark is an important step to advance in the automatic processing of the continuously growing amount of PAM data that are collected throughout the world's oceans. To ultimately achieve usability of developed algorithms, the focus of future work should be laid on the reduction of the false positives created by noise.
Exploratory assessment of the SLAKES method to characterize aggregate stability across diverse soil types
Authors: Adetsu Diana Vigah , Arthur Emmanuel , Fu Yuting , Cornelis Wim , Lamandé Mathieu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClassical soil aggregate stability (AS) methods lack standardized protocols and require long measurement times. However, the fairly new SLAKES method purportedly allows for rapid AS estimation with minimal technical equipment. SLAKES has been tested on fine‐textured soils but its suitability for other soil types is unknown. This study investigated SLAKES’ suitability for AS measurements on silty clay, silt loam, and sandy loam soils. For each SLAKES test, three aggregates were immersed in distilled water and imaged for 10 min. SLAKES output includes disaggregation data per aggregate and three coefficients from a Gompertz function that describe slaking dynamics. Four AS descriptors obtained from SLAKES output were investigated: the averaged maximum slaking from a test (aSK), the maximum slaking for each measurement (aggregate) (aFT, from fitting a Gompertz function to SLAKES raw data), the averaged aFT for the measurements in a test (a̅FT), and the slaking index at 10 min per measurement (SI600). The aSK is a direct descriptor included in the SLAKES output, while aFT, a̅FT, and SI600 are indirect descriptors. The SI600 was the most preferred SLAKES AS descriptor since it is a calculated parameter and due to its sensitivity in detecting AS status among all soil types. The sandy loam soil was the most stable from both the raw SLAKES data and fitting, albeit counterintuitive. SLAKES default measurement time was sufficient for the silty clay and silt loam soils but not for the sandy loam soil. Overall, SLAKES was a useful tool for AS measurements on fine‐textured soils but was less suitable for AS measurements on the coarse‐textured soil.
Unraveling the Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Apis Honey Bees: An Investigation on Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit A (SDHA) Inhibition Mechanisms
Authors: Haran Ramkumar , Sathyaseelan Chakkarai , Sumathi Ettiappan , Jayakanthan Mannu , Vijay Settu , Shandeep Ganeshan , Ramasami Saminathan Vangili , Rajagopalan Srinivasan Madapuji , Kokiladevi Eswaran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConcerns about pollinator health and the influence on agricultural ecosystems have developed as a result of pesticide‐caused population declines in honey bees. The research looked at the properties of the SDHA subunit of the enzyme Succinate dehydrogenase, which is important for energy production and mitochondrial function. The goal was to investigate the structural and functional characteristics of SDHA in several Apis bee species, as well as how pesticides can limit its activity. In silico analyses were conducted to understand the structural characteristics of the SDHA subunit, assess evolutionary conservation, analyze deformation energy, and investigate potential pesticide binding. Thirteen pesticides were subjected to molecular docking studies with the Apis SDHA subunit. The study revealed the stability and conserved nature of the SDHA subunit across different Apis sp. Deformation energy analysis highlighted regions of local flexibility, particularly in the active site and interdomain interfaces. Molecular docking analysis indicated that pesticides such as Carboxin, Clothianidin, and Dithianon potentially interfere with FAD binding, while Fipronil and Sulfoxaflor may disrupt both FAD and dicarboxylate binding. This research sheds light on pesticides′ probable inhibitory effects on SDH, a vital enzyme in honey bee energy production and mitochondrial function. The findings highlight the importance of stringent pesticide controls and long‐term pest management measures to protect pollinator numbers and ecosystem health.
New 2H‐Chromene‐Based Hydrazone Derivatives as Promising Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents: Efficient Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Shankar Panda Bhabani , Samanta Barsha , Sudha Ambadipudi S. S. S. S. , Nayak Sabita , Lakshma Nayak V. , Ramakrishna Sistla , Mohapatra Seetaram , Mohan Behera Pabitra , Samanta Luna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new series of 2H‐chromene‐based hydrazones (10 a–w,12 a–d, and14 a–d) were efficiently synthesized by the reaction of substituted 2H‐chromene aldehydes (8 a–w) with various hydrazines (9,11, and13) in absolute ethanol under microwave irradiation as well as by lemon juice mediated conventional heating. The structures of synthesized target molecules were identified by spectroscopic analysis methods (1H NMR,13C NMR, FT‐IR, and HRMS). Thein vitroanticancer activity of the new 2H‐chromene‐based hydrazones were evaluated on the three breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, MDA MB‐231, and MDA MB‐468) by MTT assay. Among these synthesized compounds,10 rand12 bexhibited the most potent antiproliferative activities with IC50values at 9.12±0.45 μM and 10.71±0.67 μM respectively, against MCF‐7 cell. Flowcytometric analysis revealed that these two potent compounds,10 rand12 barrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis of proteins in a dose‐dependent manner. It was further confirmed by Hoechst staining and Annexin V‐FITC assay. Additionally, compounds10 rand12 bwere examined byin silicomolecular docking, which revealed that compound10 rdisplayed excellent binding affinity energy of around −10 kcal/mol with human HER2 receptor. Also, the ADME studies validated the hybrid compounds showing promising physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and drug‐like attributes. Broadly, these results underscored the potential of 2H‐chromene‐based hydrazone derivatives as promising anticancer agents.
Universal Dielectric Response in Electronically Correlated Functional Oxides CaCu3Ti4O12, LaFeO3, YFe0.5Cr0.5O3 and their Nanocomposites: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudipa , Yadav Preeti , Singh Manoj K. , Vasundhara M. , Gayen Arup , Kundu Asish K. , Seikh Md. Motin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), LaFeO3 (LFO) and YFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (YFCO) were synthesized via conventional sol–gel auto–combustion method using citric acid as gelling agent. The X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the phase purity of the samples. The energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirms the stoichiometry of the pristine phases. The average particle size obtained from the field emission Scanning electron microscopy (FE−SEM) images revealed that CaCu3Ti4O12 exhibits a broad range of particle size starting from a couple of hundreds of nanometer to micrometer, whereas that for LaFeO3 and YFe0.5Cr0.5O3 are about 110 nm and 50 nm, respectively. We have fabricated the new composites: CCTO–LFO, CCTO–YFCO and LFO–YFCO. The grain sizes of the composite phases are consistent with the pristine phases as they are prepared by at lower sintering temperatures and duration. The dielectric properties of these ceramic composites were compared to those of the pristine phases. The temperature and frequency dependent dielectric measurements reveal a wide range of dielectric constant with moderate tan δ values. The temperature dependent dielectric constant of the investigated samples varies from 100 to 1500 at room temperature and the data have been analyzed using universal dielectric response (UDR) model.