bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pearls and Pitfalls in Applying PI-RADS 2.1
Authors: Pandey Ankur , Ghosh Soumyadeep , Prajapati Priyanka , Nakrour Nabih , Harisinghani Mukesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but there are certain challenges that the reader may face. This review provides an overview of the pitfalls associated with the PI-RADS system for multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI), with suggestions/pearls to help overcome these pitfalls.PI-RADS assessment is hindered by several causes of false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs). In addition, there is wide variability in the positive predictive value (PPV) of the PI-RADS system across different centers, highlighting the need for improvement. While the negative predictive value (NPV) for csPCa is generally high, variations exist.This review discusses the pitfalls contributing to FNs, including MRI artifacts, such as susceptibility and motion artifacts. Techniques to optimize image acquisition, such as switching the phase encoding direction and reducing bowel peristalsis, are suggested to mitigate these artifacts. Improper b-value selection for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is another pitfall, emphasizing the importance of using high b-values (≥1,400 s/mm2) to optimize neoplasm detection. Similarly, optimizing window settings to visualize csPCa, correctly positioning the endorectal coil, awareness of rare variants like mucinous adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma, and distinguishing central zone tumors from normal central zone are discussed.This article highlights the common pitfalls causing FPs, such as benign pathologies like prostatitis, granulomatous prostatitis, prostatic abscess, stromal BPH nodules, extruded BPH nodules, and prostatic calcifications. It also discusses the pitfalls related to normal anatomical structures, including the central zone, anterior fibromuscular stroma, thickened surgical capsule, neurovascular bundle, and periprostatic venous plexus. Techniques for carefully evaluating these entities' morphology and distribution of signal abnormalities are described to avoid overdiagnosing these as PCa. The article also addresses the pitfalls related to postintervention changes, including postbiopsy hemorrhage and artifacts caused by the UroLift procedure, while providing recommendations for managing these challenges.Finally, the pitfalls that may be encountered during staging, including evaluation for extraprostatic extension, and pelvic nodal and osseous metastases, are highlighted.
Diachronic pathways to case marking alignment and what they mean for the explanation of synchronic cross-linguistic
patterns
Authors: Cristofaro Sonia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Case marking alignment has been assumed to reflect principles of optimization: dedicated case marking is limited
to arguments more in need of disambiguation, and semantically or pragmatically similar arguments are encoded by the same case
forms. This view is based on the synchronic properties of the relevant alignment patterns and the cross-linguistic rarity of other
logically possible ones, not diachronic phenomena involved in their emergence or cross-linguistic distribution. This paper
explores several developmental processes that recurrently give rise to accusative, ergative, and active case marking alignment
cross-linguistically, including reanalysis of argument structure, the development of case forms through grammaticalization or
phonological reduction, and the extension of an existing case form to novel contexts. These processes appear to be driven by
inherent or contextual properties of particular source constructions, independent of principles of optimization in the use of case
marking. The synchronic properties of the resulting alignment patterns cannot be taken as evidence for such principles either,
because they are due to inheritance (a case form inherits the distribution of particular source elements or developmental
processes, which is unrelated to the assumed optimization principles) or residue (a case form becomes restricted to particular
arguments as a new form develops for the other arguments, also independently of these principles). These facts call for a
source-oriented approach to case marking alignment and recurrent cross-linguistic patterns in general, one where the focus shifts
from the synchronic properties of individual patterns to unraveling the effects of several different diachronic phenomena that
give rise to individual patterns and shape their cross-linguistic distribution over time.
Wave finite element method based on isogeometric analysis for periodic structures
Authors: Lei Zhen , Liu Tengfei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an efficient numerical approach is proposed to calculate the band structure of periodic structures. It combines the advantages of isogeometric analysis (IGA) and the wave finite element method (WFEM). By utilizing NURBS basis functions, the new method achieves high−order cross−element continuity, resulting in a more accurate evaluation of the band structure. The high order element exhibits improved stability and faster convergence. It also has small dispersion errors, thereby partially overcoming the limitations imposed by the thumb rule. However, in scenarios involving material sudden change, IGA−WFEM necessitates the insertion of repeated knots to prevent over continuity in the analysis. The aforementioned characteristics of the method are demonstrated through numerical evaluations of one− and two−dimensional periodic structures.
Development of a fault diagnostics and tolerance system: An application to continuous stirred tank reactor
Authors: Asim Abbasi Muhammad , Huang Shiping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fault diagnosis and tolerance are crucial for monitoring system health and ensuring stability in industrial processes. Challenges arise in designing fault diagnostic solutions for real-time industrial processes with inherent nonlinear dynamic behaviors, particularly when dealing with multiple operating regions characterized by varying dynamics. This article addresses this challenge and proposes a fault diagnostic and tolerant control scheme for industrial systems. The proposed approach integrates a fuzzy-based realization technique with a subspace-aided methodology to effectively handle the nonlinear dynamic behavior observed across different operational scenarios. A practical solution is presented, significantly reducing the computational burden associated with online diagnostics, as the parity vectors are computed offline using available input–output data for different operating regions. During online diagnostics, only computed parity spaces are used with fuzzy realizations for residual generation, leading to a significant reduction in online computation. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving a high precision rate in fault diagnostics. Furthermore, the diagnostic methodology is integrated with fault-tolerant control for practical applications, as demonstrated in the application of a continuous stirred tank reactor. This integration enables the system to effectively tolerate faults and ensure sub-optimal operation of the industrial process.
Method of inclined hole axis adjustment based on geometric optimization and minimum zone theory
Authors: Zhang He , Yan Shixiong , Wang Li , Sun Chenghui , Cui Jiwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The machining accuracy of the axis position and spatial angle of the array microholes with high aspect ratio on the components of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry will directly affect the performance of the whole machine. A method of tilt hole axis adjustment is proposed in this paper. It utilizes geometric optimization and minimum zone theory to measure the position and spatial angle of the hole axis. This addresses the slight angle error that occurs after correcting the inclined hole axis using visual techniques. Based on the minimum zone criterion for the cylindricity error, the evaluation model is re-established through the inner and the outer loop and spatial projection, which includes roundness evaluation of the projection curve by an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and elliptic fitting by a geometric parameter method, so as to obtain the optimal solution of the axis vector and spatial angle. Experimental comparison with the theory above shows that the precision of the method proposed is better than that of the least squares method and the traditional PSO algorithm based on the minimum zone criterion. The research results indicate that the precision of the tilt angle is better than 0.03°, and simultaneously the rotation angle is better than 0.1° in the range of 1°. This experiment verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
A nonlinear system to model communication between yeast cells during their mating process
Authors: Calvez Vincent , Lepoutre Thomas , Meunier Nicolas , Muller Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, we develop a model to describe some aspects of communication between yeast cells. It consists in a coupled system of two one-dimensional non-linear advection-diffusion equations in which the advective field is given by the Hilbert transform. We give some sufficient condition for the blow-up in finite time of the coupled system (formation of a singularity). We provide a biological interpretation of these mathematical results.
Monge–Ampère geometry and vortices
Authors: Napper Lewis , Roulstone Ian , Rubtsov Vladimir , Wolf Martin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We introduce a new approach to Monge–Ampère geometry based on techniques from higher symplectic geometry. Our work is motivated by the application of Monge–Ampère geometry to the Poisson equation for the pressure that arises for incompressible Navier–Stokes flows. Whilst this equation constitutes an elliptic problem for the pressure, it can also be viewed as a non-linear partial differential equation connecting the pressure, the vorticity, and the rate-of-strain. As such, it is a key diagnostic relation in the quest to understand the formation of vortices in turbulent flows. We study this equation via an associated (higher) Lagrangian submanifold in the cotangent bundle to the configuration space of the fluid. Using our definition of a (higher) Monge–Ampère structure, we study an associated metric on the cotangent bundle together with its pull-back to the (higher) Lagrangian submanifold. The signatures of these metrics are dictated by the relationship between vorticity and rate-of-strain, and their scalar curvatures can be interpreted in a physical context in terms of the accumulation of vorticity, strain, and their gradients. We show explicity, in the case of two-dimensional flows, how topological information can be derived from the Monge–Ampère geometry of the Lagrangian submanifold. We also demonstrate how certain solutions to the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, such as Hill’s spherical vortex and an integrable case of Arnol’d–Beltrami–Childress flow, have symmetries that facilitate a formulation of these solutions from the perspective of (higher) symplectic reduction.
XTransCT: ultra-fast volumetric CT reconstruction using two orthogonal x-ray projections for image-guided radiation therapy via a transformer network
Authors: Zhang Chulong , Liu Lin , Dai Jingjing , Liu Xuan , He Wenfeng , Chan Yinping , Xie Yaoqin , Chi Feng , Liang Xiaokun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to reconstruct volumetric computed tomography (CT) images in real-time from ultra-sparse two-dimensional x-ray projections, facilitating easier navigation and positioning during image-guided radiation therapy. Approach. Our approach leverages a voxel-sapce-searching Transformer model to overcome the limitations of conventional CT reconstruction techniques, which require extensive x-ray projections and lead to high radiation doses and equipment constraints. Main results. The proposed XTransCT algorithm demonstrated superior performance in terms of image quality, structural accuracy, and generalizability across different datasets, including a hospital set of 50 patients, the large-scale public LIDC-IDRI dataset, and the LNDb dataset for cross-validation. Notably, the algorithm achieved an approximately 300% improvement in reconstruction speed, with a rate of 44 ms per 3D image reconstruction compared to former 3D convolution-based methods. Significance. The XTransCT architecture has the potential to impact clinical practice by providing high-quality CT images faster and with substantially reduced radiation exposure for patients. The model's generalizability suggests it has the potential applicable in various healthcare settings.
Robust, planning-based targeted locoregional tumour heating in small animals
Authors: Groen Jort A , Crezee Johannes , van Laarhoven Hanneke W M , Coolen Bram F , Strijkers Gustav J , Bijlsma Maarten F , Kok H Petra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. To improve hyperthermia in clinical practice, pre-clinical hyperthermia research is essential to investigate hyperthermia effects and assess novel treatment strategies. Translating pre-clinical hyperthermia findings into clinically viable protocols requires laboratory animal treatment techniques similar to clinical hyperthermia techniques. The ALBA micro8 electromagnetic heating system (Med-logix SRL, Rome, Italy) has recently been developed to provide the targeted locoregional tumour heating currently lacking for pre-clinical research. This study evaluates the heat focusing properties of this device and its ability to induce robust locoregional tumour heating under realistic physiological conditions using simulations. Approach. Simulations were performed using the Plan2Heat treatment planning package (Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands). First, the specific absorption rate (SAR) focus was characterised using a homogeneous phantom. Hereafter, a digital mouse model was used for the characterisation of heating robustness in a mouse. Device settings were optimised for treatment of a pancreas tumour and tested for varying circumstances. The impact of uncertainties in tissue property and perfusion values was evaluated using polynomial chaos expansion. Treatment quality and robustness were evaluated based on SAR and temperature distributions. Main results. The SAR distributions within the phantom are well-focused and can be adjusted to target any specific location. The focus size (full-width half-maximum) is a spheroid with diameters 9 mm (radially) and 20 mm (axially). The mouse model simulations show strong robustness against respiratory motion and intestine and stomach filling (

∆

T
90

≤
0.14

°C

)
.

Mouse positioning errors in the cranial-caudal direction lead to

∆

T
90

≤
0.23

°C. Uncertainties in tissue property and perfusion values were found to impact the treatment plan up to 0.56 °C (SD), with a variation on T
90 of 0.32 °C (1 SD). Significance. Our work shows that the pre-clinical phased-array system can provide adequate and robust locoregional heating of deep-seated target regions in mice. Using our software, robust treatment plans can be generated for pre-clinical hyperthermia research.
A photonic engine fueled by entangled two atoms
Authors: Gashu Feyisa Chimdessa , Jen H H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Entangled states are an important resource for quantum information processing and for the fundamental understanding of quantum physics. An intriguing open question would be whether entanglement can improve the performance of quantum heat engines in particular. One of the promising platforms to address this question is to use entangled atoms as a non-thermal bath for cavity photons, where the cavity mirror serves as a piston of the engine. Here we theoretically investigate a photonic quantum engine operating under an effective reservoir consisting of quantum-correlated pairs of atoms. We find that maximally entangled Bell states alone do not help extract useful work from the reservoir unless some extra populations in the excited states or ground states are taken into account. Furthermore, high efficiency and work output are shown for the non-maximally entangled superradiant state, while negligible for the subradiant state due to lack of emitted photons inside the cavity. Our results provide insights in the role of quantum-correlated atoms in a photonic engine and present new opportunities in designing a better quantum heat engine.
First-principles study of the magnetic and optical properties of PtSe2 doped with halogen elements F, Cl, and Br
Authors: Li Mengting , Cen Weifu , Tian Zean 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of halogen-doped two dimensional PtSe2 are investigated by using the first-principles ultra-soft pseudopotential plane wave method based on density functional theory. It is shown that the doped PtSe2 is more stable under Bottom-Se conditions than under Top-Se conditions, and the higher the doping concentration (C
d), the lower the band gap. At C
d = 5.56%, the Cl- and Br-doped PtSe2 are transformed from a non-magnetic semiconductor to a magnetic n-type semiconductor with a magnetic moment (M
B) of 1 μB; while neither the F-doped PtSe2 nor the pristine PtSe2 is magnetic. When C
d = 11.1%, the F-doped PtSe2 at the first neighborhood becomes magnetic metal with M
B = 1.39 μB; while that doped at the second nearest neighbor retains a semiconductor with M
B = 0. Thus Cl- and Br-doped PtSe2, as well as the first-neighbor F-doped PtSe2 can be well applied in spintronic devices. The optical properties are enhanced for all three doping systems with an obvious peak appearing in the infrared light region. Absorption and reflectivity curve still has a peak in the infrared light region.
On the sensitivity of defect modes outside the first photonic bandgap in optical sensors based on defected 1D photonic crystals
Authors: Kamenev A O , Efimov I M , Vanyushkin N A , Gevorgyan A H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the possibility of using of defect modes (DMs) in the second photonic bandgap (PBG) in defective one dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) for creating optical sensors. The dependencies of the relative sensitivities on the defect layer (DL) thickness for the first and second PBGs at optimized PC parameters are obtained and compared and the advantage of the first PBG over the second PBG in all ranges of the DL thickness is shown. However, as the order of the defect mode (DM) and optical contrast of the structure increase, this relative advantage becomes less prominent. The behavior of the DMs and their relative sensitivity outside the PBG when DL thickness changes are considered. The dependences of the relative sensitivity on different parameters of the PC for DM in the first and second PBGs are also compared. This work is mainly theoretical and aims at finding general patterns that can be generalized to any specific examples and parameters of 1D PC with DL for any practical realizable sensors.
Analytical studies on third-order chaotic systems with Sprott type nonlinearities and their microcontroller implementation
Authors: Sivaganesh G , Srinivasan K , Fozin Fonzin T , Kuate P D Kamdem , Raja Mohamed I 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The evolution of chaos in a generic third-order autonomous mathematical model with nonlinearities described by simple mathematical functions is reported in this paper. The nonlinearities termed as Sprott type nonlinear functions are used in the design of a class of third-order systems exhibiting chaotic behavior. The evolution and confirmation of chaos in their system dynamics is observed through numerical simulation studies of one-parameter bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents. Analytical solutions are developed for systems with piecewise-linear nonlinear functions. Finally, the microcontroller implementation of the third-order system equations with different nonlinearities and analog circuit simulation results are presented to confirm the numerical and analytical results. Chaos in generic third-order systems studied through numerical, analytical and microcontroller results has been reported in the literature for the first time.
Investigation of RF performance of Ku-band GaN HEMT device and an in-depth analysis of short channel effects
Authors: Raychaudhuri Jagori , Mukherjee Jayjit , Kumar Sudhir , Rawal D S , Mishra Meena , Ghosh Santanu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we have characterized an AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with a short gate length (Lg ≈ 0.15 μm). We have studied the effect of short gate length on the small signal parameters, linearity parameters and gm-gd ratio in GaN HEMT devices. To understand how scaling results in the variation of the above-mentioned parameters a comparative study with higher gate length devices on similar heterostructure is also presented here. We have scaled down the gate length but the barrier thickness(tbar) remained same which affects the aspect ratio (Lg/tbar) of the device and its inseparable consequences are the prominent short channel effects (SCEs) barring the optimum output performance of the device. These interesting phenomena were studied in detail and explored over a temperature range of −40 °C to 80 °C. To the best of our knowledge this paper explores temperature dependence of SCEs of GaN HEMT for the first time. With an approach to reduce the impact of SCEs a simulation study in Silvaco TCAD was carried out and it is observed that a recessed gate structure on conventional heterostructure successfully reduces SCEs and improves RF performance of the device. This work gives an overall view of gate length scaling on conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
Few particles with an impurity in a one-dimensional harmonic trap
Authors: Rojo-Francàs A , Isaule F , Juliá-Díaz B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the static properties of a mobile impurity interacting with a bath with a few particles trapped in a one-dimensional harmonic trap. We consider baths with either identical bosons or distinguishable particles and we focus on the limiting case where the bath is non-interacting. We provide numerical results for the energy spectra and density profiles by means of the exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, and find that these systems show non-trivial solutions, even in the limit of infinite repulsion. A detailed physical interpretation is provided for the lowest energy states. In particular, we find a seemingly universal transition from the impurity being localized in the center of the trap to being expelled outside the majority cloud. We also develop an analytical ansatz and a mean-field solution to compare them with our numerical results in limiting configurations.