bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐enhanced surgical navigation for endoscopic sinus surgery: evaluating calibration, registration and tracking
Authors: Lapeer R. , Chen M. S. , Gonzalez G. , Linney A. , Alusi G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is generally applied to treat sinusitis when medication is not effective in eliminating the symptoms. Images captured by the endoscope are viewed on a monitor placed near the surgeon. Due to the separation of the handling of the endoscope from the viewing of the image, ESS requires surgeons to have well‐trained hand–eye coordination. Unlike the use of the stereo surgical microscope in ENT, the endoscope does not provide the stereo cue for depth perception, hence a surgeon can only perceive depth through motion and shading, which may affect the accuracy of tool placement. Whilst the skill and experience of the surgeon are important factors to the success of ESS, the assistance of image‐enhanced surgical navigation (IESN) can further reassure the surgeon's judgement and enhance surgical performance.MethodsWe developed and validated an IESN system (ARView) for a rigid zero‐degree endoscope, typically used for ESS. We present the interface, and calibration and registration (pre‐operative and intra‐operative) methods of the system. We then quantitatively assess the performance of each of the steps needed to generate the overlay of a real endoscope image with its ‘virtual’ counterpart, obtained from computed tomography (CT) image data of a real skull. These steps include calibration, registration, motion tracking and final overlay.ResultsCalibration results using a planar calibration object displayed optimized object space errors of 0.025 ± 0.013 mm, whilst a non‐planar calibration object displayed errors of 0.12 ± 0.08 mm. Target registration errors (TREs) near the region of interest (ROI), using our pre‐operative registration method with the calibration object located near the mouth of the patient (skull), were 2.3 ± 0.4 mm. The proposed photo‐consistency method for intra‐operative registration has not yet yielded satisfactory results for ESS‐based IESN. (RMS) values for tracking accuracy were found to be around 1.2 mm in a typical workspace of 400 × 400 mm. Object space overlay errors in a small measurement volume of 10 × 10 × 10 mm were found to be around 0.4 ± 0.02 mm.ConclusionsWe conclude that, in agreement with individual experiments, the current overall overlay accuracy is of the order of 2–3 mm in the x–y plane, which is in line with current conventional SN systems. The method which is most in need of improvement is registration, hence we wish to investigate the application of the proposed photo‐consistency method further. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are the Brookhill–Wilk patents impediments to market growth in cybersurgery?
Authors: McLean T. R. , Torrance A. W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn the past, many surgeons could practise their craft with little or no knowledge of patent law. But in the world of robotic and computerized surgery, this is increasingly a myopic approach, because the principle means of protecting high‐tech surgical instruments is through the application of patent law. The issue is: does the Brookhill–Wilk patent, which covers the performance of remote robotic surgery, impede the growth of cybersurgery?MethodsReview of the Brookhill–Wilk patent and relevant law.ResultsPatent law, which first took its form in the Middle Ages, attempts to balance the rewarding of innovation with the stifling of market growth. Using US patent law as a model, it would appear that the Brookhill–Wilk patent, a particular example of a medical process patent, could inhibit the growth of cybersurgery, as potential sums of money could be demanded by the patent holder from anyone who practises cybersurgery. However, two recent US Supreme Court cases appear to have seriously undermined the validity of a number of medical process patents, including the Brookhill–Wilk patent.ConclusionBased on recent changes in patent law, it is not expected that Brookhill–Wilk patent will hinder the growth of cybersurgery. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New visualization tools: computer vision and ultrasound for MIS navigation
Authors: Kilian P. , Plaskos C. , Parratte S. , Argenson J.‐N. A. , Stindel E. , Tonetti J. , Lavallée S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundA versatile image acquisition method calledecho surgeticshas been developed for minimally invasive computer‐assisted orthopaedic procedures. The principle of echo surgetics is to use freehand three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound to acquire relevant 3D bone surface and point data transcutaneously, eliminating access problems associated with conventional digitizers. The concept has been implemented in three technologies:Echo Point, Echo MatchingandEcho Morphing.MethodsCadaver experiments were carried out to evaluate the accuracy of (a) Echo Point for digitization of the anterior pelvic plane (APP) in total hip arthroplasty, and (b) Echo Morphing for reconstructing the distal femur in minimally invasive knee surgery.Results and ConclusionsEcho Point provided significantly improved results (p< 0.001) over conventional digitization where mean tilt errors exceeded 20° . The Echo Morphing experiments demonstrated that with a reasonable number of points (ca. 1000) and initial attitude (IA) error (ca. 5–10 mm and 5–10° ) we can obtain an average accuracy of ∼1 mm that is sufficient for most of clinical applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration of a surgical microscope with automated zoom lenses using an active optical tracker
Authors: García Jaime , Thoranaghatte Ramesh , Marti Gaetan , Zheng Guoyan , Caversaccio Marco , González Ballester Miguel A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper, we present a new method for the calibration of a microscope and its registration using an active optical tracker.MethodsPractically, both operations are done simultaneously by moving an active optical marker within the field of view of the two devices. The IR LEDs composing the marker are first segmented from the microscope images. By knowing their corresponding three‐dimensional (3D) position in the optical tracker reference system, it is possible to find the transformation matrix between the referential of the two devices. Registration and calibration parameters can be extracted directly from that transformation. In addition, since the zoom and focus can be modified by the surgeon during the operation, we propose a spline based method to update the camera model to the new setup.ResultsThe proposed technique is currently being used in an augmented reality system for image‐guided surgery in the fields of ear, nose and throat (ENT) and craniomaxillofacial surgeries.ConclusionsThe results have proved to be accurate and the technique is a fast, dynamic and reliable way to calibrate and register the two devices in an OR environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving sustainability in US fisheries: community engagement in co‐management
Authors: May Candace K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe United States government is moving toward a co‐management model to fishery governance based on stakeholder engagement. As essential stakeholders, the participation of local fishermen and their communities is fundamental for the efficiency and effectiveness of regulations and the sustainability of the nation's fisheries. However, the emphasis on stakeholder engagement is a substantial barrier to local participation. The author situates this barrier in the overriding assumption of US fishery governance, which considers individuals the key local actors in resource management. Nonetheless, existing fishery governance frameworks have produced intriguing alternative policy instruments. One such alternative, Community Development Quotas, may serve as a platform for the empowerment of local communities and, as a result, the encouragement of sustainable fishing and development in coastal areas. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Generating input data structures for automated program testing
Authors: Chung Insang , Bieman James M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAutomatic test data generation usually concerns identifying input values that cause a selected path to execute. If a given path involves pointers, then input values may be represented in terms of two‐dimensional dynamic data structures such as lists or trees. Thus, it is very important to identify the shape of the input data structure describing how many nodes are required and how nodes are connected each other. The approach presented in this paper makes use of the points‐to information for each statement in the selected path for the shape generation. It also converts each statement into a static single assignment (SSA) form without pointer dereferences. The SSA form serves as a system of constraints to be solved to yield input values for non‐pointer types. An empirical evaluation shows that shape generation can be achieved in linear time in terms of the number of pointer dereference operations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faecal incontinence in adults: NICE guideline
Authors: Ismail Sharif I.M.F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe NICE guideline on the management of faecal incontinence calls for healthcare professionals to ask people in high‐risk groups, such as the frail and elderly, and women who have recently given birth, about whether they have any symptoms of the condition. In this article, Dr Ismail highlights the main features of this guideline, exploring how it could be implemented in primary care, and provides a simplified care algorithm of patient assessment and management. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Managing the newly diagnosed HIV‐infected individual
Authors: Ferrand R.A. , Abbas A. , Kell P.D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRecent advances in the treatment of HIV infection have led to prolonged survival and an emphasis on the long‐term clinical management of HIV disease. In this article, the authors discuss the assessment of a patient who is newly diagnosed with HIV infection. The initial assessment provides the opportunity to begin a partnership between the doctor and the patient that may continue for many years. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Inter‐annual variations of leaf‐fall phenology and leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration in a hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) stand
Authors: Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Sakai Atsushi , Kuramoto Shigeo , Kodani Eiji , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Kawasaki Tatsuro 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInter‐annual variations in leaf‐fall phenology and leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration were investigated for 13 years in a coniferous plantation of hinoki cypress trees (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) in Kochi, southern Japan. Mean annual nitrogen concentration in the leaf litter ranged from 5.97 to 7.12 g kg−1. The removal of 30 percent of the trees’ basal area in the 3rd year had little effect on leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration. The nitrogen concentration in the leaf litter was not correlated with the mean temperature from March to October. The leaf‐fall duration, i.e., time between 10 and 90% of the annual leaf fall, was shorter and the leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration was lower when the solar radiation from March to October was higher. The results suggest that the hinoki trees shed their leaves abruptly and have lower leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration when the solar radiation is higher and that effects of temperature on leaf‐fall properties may not be strong in warm climate areas.
Skeletal features of primary hyperoxaluria type 1, revisited
Authors: El Hage Samer , Ghanem Ismat , Baradhi André , Mourani Chebel , Mallat Samir , Dagher Fernand , Kharrat Khalil 
Published: February 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the skeletal manifestations of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), the most common of the primary hyperoxalurias. Methods We clinically and radiographically reviewed 12 consecutive patients diagnosed with PH1, aged between 2 and 17 years. All patients had evidence of some type of renal involvement, 4 of whom were at end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and were under dialysis. Results The main symptom was skeletal pain and was present only in the 4 severely involved patients and appeared during the second year of dialysis. The 2 most severely involved patients had evidence of pathological fractures. Radiological signs were present in patients with or without symptoms. These radiological signs were of two distinct types: those almost specific of oxalosis, such as dense and radiolucent metaphyseal bands and vertebral osteocondensations, which are found mainly in the severely involved individuals, and those less specific, such as signs of renal osteodystrophy, which are also found in less severely involved patients. Interestingly, our study revealed the presence of spondylolysis in 25% of cases. This latter finding is unique and has not previously been reported in the literature. Conclusions The skeletal manifestations of PH1 include specific and less specific radiological signs, with some patients being asymptomatic, and others presenting with bone pain and pathological fractures, as well as spondylolysis.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Clinical characteristics of 4133 patients enrolled in the I‐PRESERVE trial
Authors: McMurray John J.V. , Carson Peter E. , Komajda Michel , McKelvie Robert , Zile Michael R. , Ptaszynska Agata , Staiger Christoph , Donovan J. Mark , Massie Barry M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground:We describe the baseline characteristics of subjects randomised in the largest placebo‐controlled, morbidity‐mortality trial to date in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction — the irbesartan in heart failure with preserved systolic function trial (I‐PRESERVE).Methods and results:4133 patients with a mean age of 72 years (a third were 75 years or older) were randomised and 60% were women. The mean (SD) LVEF was 59 (9)% and almost 80% of patients were in NYHA Class III or IV. Approximately 80% of patients were also overweight or obese. Heart failure was reported by investigators to have a hypertensive aetiology in 64% of patients. Prior myocardial infarction was relatively uncommon (24%), as was coronary revascularisation (13%). Atrial fibrillation and diabetes each occurred in between a quarter and a third of patients. The following treatments were used at baseline: diuretic 83%, beta‐blocker 59%, calcium channel blocker 40%, ACE inhibitor 25%, spironolactone 15% and digoxin 14%.Conclusions:Patients in I‐PRESERVE are broadly representative of those seen in epidemiological studies and, because of this, the results of this trial should be generally applicable to “real world” patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.
Quantitative analysis of apoptotic markers in human end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Bott‐Flügel Lorenz , Weig Hans‐Jörg , Ühlein Heiko , Nabauer Michael , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Seyfarth Melchior 
Published: February 2008

AbstractApoptosis – programmed cell death – has been implicated in a variety of cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. This study was conducted to quantify the amount of apoptotic markers in human end‐stage heart failure and to correlate the results to clinical parameters of heart failure.Myocardial samples from 44 patients with end‐stage heart failure and 5 controls were collected at the time of heart transplantation. Lysates of tissue samples were analysed for cleavage of alpha actin, alpha actinin, troponin T, tropomyosin, essential myosin light chain‐1 (MLC‐1v), and gelsolin. We observed cleavage of alpha actin, and alpha actinin. Troponin I, tropomyosin, and MLC‐1v were not detectably cleaved. The amount of active caspase‐3 was low in all samples (1.10±0.1 ng/ml). The same applied for DNA histone fragments (0.61±0.04). In patients with acutely decompensated heart failure we observed a striking increase in caspase‐3 activity, but not DNA fragmentation. When calculated for the entire group there was no correlation between caspase‐3 activity, DNA fragmentation and haemodynamic or echocardiographic variables. Relevant increases in apoptosis were only observed in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
Overview of emerging pharmacologic agents for acute heart failure syndromes
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Mebazaa Alexandre , Filippatos Gerasimos , Parissis John T. , Böhm Michael , Voors Adriaan A. , Nieminen Markku , Zannad Faiez , Rhodes Andrew , El‐Banayosy Ali , Dickstein Kenneth , Gheorghiade Mihai 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground:Several therapies commonly used for the treatment of acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) present some well‐known limitations and have been associated with an early increase in the risk of death. There is, therefore, an unmet need for new pharmacologic agents for the early management of AHFS that may improve both short‐ and long‐term outcomes.Aim:To review the recent evidence on emerging pharmacologic therapies in AHFS.Methods:A systematic search of peer‐reviewed publications was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Clinical Trials.gov from January 1990 to August 2007. The results of unpublished or ongoing trials were obtained from presentations at national and international meetings and pharmaceutical industry releases. Bibliographies from these references were also reviewed, as were additional articles identified by content experts.Results:Cumulative data from large studies and randomised trials suggest that therapies with innovative mechanisms of action may safely and effectively reduce pulmonary congestion or improve cardiac performance in AHFS patients.Conclusion:Some investigational agents for the management of AHFS are able to improve haemodynamics and/or clinical status. In spite of these promising findings, no new agent has demonstrated a clear benefit in terms of long‐term clinical outcomes compared to placebo or conventional therapies.
Hyponatraemia in acute heart failure is a marker of increased mortality but not when associated with hyperglycaemia
Authors: Milo‐Cotter Olga , Cotter Gad , Weatherley Beth D. , Adams Kirkwood F. , Kaluski Edo , Uriel Nir , O'Connor Christopher M. , Felker G. Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that hyponatraemia is a marker of neurohormonal activation and increased mortality in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Although diabetes is a common co‐morbidity in heart failure, no prior study has considered the impact of serum glucose on this relationship.Methods:Over four consecutive months we prospectively registered all patients admitted due to AHF. Sodium and glucose levels were determined immediately upon admission. Patients were followed through admission and for the next 6 months. Of 342 patients enrolled, complete data were available for 331 patients.Results:Hyponatraemia (sodium <135 mmol/L) was detected in 22% of patients. However, 47% of patients with hyponatraemia had concomitant hyperglycaemia (glucose level <11 mmol/L). Hyponatraemia was associated with increased 6‐month mortality (21 vs. 8%, p=0.002). This association was restricted to patients who had hyponatraemia without concomitant hyperglycaemia. The 6‐month mortality of patients with and without hyponatraemia was 11% versus 10% (p=0.87) when hyperglycaemia was present versus 29% and 7% (p=0.001) when hyperglycaemia was absent.Conclusions:In this preliminary study, hyperglycaemia‐associated hyponatraemia was present in a significant proportion of patients admitted with AHF. In patients with hyperglycaemia, hyponatraemia had no prognostic significance, whereas in patients without hyperglycaemia, hyponatraemia remained a powerful predictor of mortality. These results need confirmation in a larger study.
Increasing the noninvasive management of rhesus isoimmunization
Authors: Papantoniou Nikolaos , Daskalakis George , Anastasakis Eleftherios , Marinopoulos Spyros , Mesogitis Spyros , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the clinical outcome of isoimmunized pregnancies managed by middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) in an intention‐to‐treat study.MethodRhesus isoimmunized pregnancies were managed with serial ultrasound and Doppler studies at 7‐day intervals up to 34 weeks of gestation, between 2001 and 2005. Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were carried out when MCA‐PSV was indicative of moderate or severe anemia.ResultsThe overall sensitivity in detecting moderate to severe fetal anemia at less than 34 weeks was 100% (95% confidence interval, 54.1–100.0 L). Twenty‐two cases were managed with MCA‐PSV. Twelve cases needed fetal blood sampling and 6 cases needed intrauterine transfusion. Cordocentesis revealed a hematocrit of more than 26% in 6 fetuses.ConclusionManagement by MCA‐PSV Doppler at weekly intervals is a highly sensitive method for detecting fetal anemia. It reduces the number of fetal blood samples needed and significantly lowers interventional procedures.
Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: associations with BMI in Portuguese children
Authors: Viana V. , Sinde S. , Saxton J. C. 
Published: February 2008

The objective of this study was to examine the association between the scores of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and BMI in a sample of Portuguese children. Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 240 children (123 females and 117 males) aged 3–13 years were recruited from clinic and community-based settings. Parents completed the CEBQ to indicate their child's eating style for three ‘food approach’ and four ‘food avoidant’ sub-scales. Factor analyses revealed an underlying structure similar to the original CEBQ. Children's height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and Centre for Disease Control BMI z-scores. Hierarchical regression analyses controlling for gender, age and socioeconomic status indicated that all CEBQ sub-scales were significantly associated with BMI z-scores (P = 0·03 to < 0·001). Food approach scales were positively related to BMI z-scores (β = 0·33–0·51) and food avoidance negatively related (β = − 0·17 to − 0·46). Our results support the use of the CEBQ to further understand eating style as a behavioural pathway to obesity.