bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol: Should We Screen All Children or Change the Diet of All Children
Authors: LLOYD JUNE K. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT.Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and may present during childhood. Dietary measures can reduce plasma cholesterol and may thus delay or prevent the development of the atherosclerotic process. Although plasma cholesterol concentrations measured during childhood track into adult life with a correlation coefficient of about 0.6 this in itself is insufficient to justify total population screening of children especially as the mechanisms for management and follow‐up and their social, psychological and economic implications have not been adequately evaluated. Targeted screening of children in families with the genetic disorder of familial hypercholesterolaemia, where the risk of premature coronary heart disease is very high, should, however, be undertaken even though such screening may only identify half of all affected children. Dietary change designed to lower plasma cholesterol can be applied to the whole population including children over the age of 2 years, does not require pre‐determination of plasma cholesterol, and is to be recommended. The effects of such change on the growth and health of children should be monitored.
Target Weight in Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: PARRY‐JONES W. LL. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT.Establishing realistic weight goals and their effective use in treatment is an integral part of management in anorexia nervosa. However, the processes involved are discussed rarely in the clinical and research literature. Various methods for setting target weights are reviewed, with consideration of the relative merits of their application in the treatment of pre‐pubertal children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
Prostaglandin therapy for ductal patency: how long is too long?
Authors: Brodlie Malcolm , Chaudhari Milind , Hasan Asif 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe management of neonates born with duct‐dependent congenital heart defects in association with prematurity or low birth weight is challenging. We describe two preterm and low birth weight infants with duct‐dependent congenital heart disease where cardiac surgery was successfully delayed by maintaining ductal patency using a prolonged prostaglandin infusion. This allowed time for growth and maturation and therefore reduced the risks associated with surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass.Conclusion: Maintenance of ductal patency by a prolonged prostaglandin infusion in low birth weight or preterm infants with duct‐dependent congenital heart disease is a viable option that allows cardiac surgery to be delayed whilst awaiting further growth and development.
Donne into Print: The Seventeenth‐Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry
Authors: Pebworth Ted‐Larry 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper is part of the secondLiterature Compasspanel cluster arising fromThe Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. [Correction added after online publication 24 October 2008: ‘This paper introduces the secondLiterature Compasspanel cluster’ changed to ‘This paper is part of the secondLiterature Compasspanel cluster’.] Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006.The cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers fromThe Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition’, Gary A. Stringer,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x.‘Donne into Print: The Seventeenth‐Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry’, Ted‐Larry Pebworth,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x.‘ “a mixed Parenthesis”: John Donne'sLetters to Severall Persons of Honour’, M. Thomas Hester,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x.‘What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes’, Paul A. Parrish,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x.***The early printing history of John Donne's collected poetry was largely shaped by his attitude toward printing. Throughout his life, Donne preferred manuscript circulation to print publication, and that preference had significant consequences for the early dissemination of his poems, their posthumous publication in 1633, and their subsequent textual histories. The modern editor must consider carefully all early artefacts of Donne's poetry – both manuscript and print – in the pursuit of the authorial text. Fortunately, the acquisition of the I. A. Shapiro collection of seventeenth‐century editions of Donne by the Cushing Memorial Library at Texas A&M University has facilitated the study of those early printings.
What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes
Authors: Parrish Paul A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster arising from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. [Correction added after online publication 24 October 2008: ‘This paper introduces the second Literature Compass panel cluster’ changed to ‘This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster’.] Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006.The cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition’, Gary A. Stringer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x.‘Donne into Print: The Seventeenth‐Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry’, Ted‐Larry Pebworth, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x.‘“a mixed Parenthesis”: John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour’, M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x.‘What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes’, Paul A. Parrish, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x.***The standard paradigm of critical responses to John Donne from the seventeenth century to the present is not seriously contested: during his own day Donne was reasonably well known, albeit a somewhat controversial poet. As the century progressed, Donne became increasingly out of fashion, and throughout the eighteenth century and into the nineteenth century, Donne had largely disappeared from the public and critical eye. The ‘rescue’ of Donne in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has led to an interest that has continued largely unabated to the present, though often without the unbridled enthusiasm that characterizes some responses early in the twentieth century. In the past few decades, Donne's work has been viewed through the lenses of virtually every critical and theoretical approach one could identify. More recent efforts, particularly as exemplified by the Variorum Edition of the Poetry of John Donne, have not so much challenged the standard paradigm regarding Donne criticism as to add to our knowledge and understanding by filling in gaps and shading in historical transitions, the better to provide a more comprehensive understanding of what we have thought about Donne for more than four centuries.
Religion and Eighteenth‐Century Literature
Authors: Snead Jennifer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA chronological overview of the questions, assumptions, and methods characteristic of how twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century scholarship has treated religion in eighteenth‐century British literature, centered on how ideas concerning the relationship between secularization and modernity have impacted this scholarship. It draws primarily on representative book‐length studies and monographs on eighteenth‐century British poetry and fiction published over the past sixty years.
Non healing leg ulcers and the nurse–patient relationship. Part 2: the nurse’s perspective
Authors: Morgan Philip A , Moffatt Christine J 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper focuses on the experiences of four community nursing teams responsible for the care of a small group of patients with leg ulcers who they had identified as ‘non healing’ and ‘non concordant’ with treatment. Four focus groups were held, one with each community nursing team, to examine the issues underpinning the labelling of these patients as ‘non healing’ and ‘non concordant’. There was an expectation that patients should obey treatment instructions and be positive and participative and there was a strongly felt link between concordance and healing of the ulcer. However, limited non concordance was considered to be acceptable as long as the patient continued to progress. Nurses viewed ulcer healing as the priority even though this was unlikely and differed from the patient’s priority of achieving comfort. Patient behaviour was an important determinant of labelling by nurses. Efforts by patients to exert some control over their own care were met with them being viewed as ‘difficult’, ‘uncooperative’ and ‘non compliant’. There was also a pervasive level of stress, distress and anxiety among the community nurse participants, which led to distancing and blaming that undermined the nurse–patient relationship. At the centre of a successful nurse–patient relationship is a non judgemental partnership that can often be challenging to achieve especially when ulcers fail to heal.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy in the management of diabetes foot ulcers
Authors: Noble‐Bell Georgia , Forbes Angus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFoot ulcers are a common complication in patients with diabetes. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a wound care therapy that is being increasingly used in the management of foot ulcers. This article presents a systematic review examining the effectiveness of this therapy. The review question is how effective is NPWT in achieving wound healing in diabetes foot ulcers? The primary outcome for this study was the number of patients achieving complete wound healing (secondary outcomes, other markers of wound healing, adverse events and patient satisfaction). A systematic literature review and tabulative synthesis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The review identified four RCTs of weak to moderate quality. Only one study examining NPWT in postamputation wound healing reported data on the primary outcome. These data show a 20% improvement in wound healing [odds ratios = 2·0%, confidence interval (CI) −1·0 to 4·0] and number needed to treat = 6 (CI 4–64). No serious treatment‐related complications were reported by any of the studies. One study suggested a reduction in the risk of secondary amputation (absolute risk reduction = 7·9%, CI 0·5–15·43). Studies also reported an increase in granulation and wound‐healing rates in patients treated with NPWT therapy. No data on patient satisfaction or experience were reported. While all the studies included in the review indicated that the NPWT therapy is more effective than conventional dressings, the quality of the studies were weak and the nature of the inquiries in terms of outcome and patient selection divergent. There is a strong need for larger trials to assess NPWT therapy in diabetes care with different groups of patients and in relation to different clinical objectives and parameters.
The feasibility of using V.A.C.® Therapy in home care patients with surgical and traumatic wounds in the Netherlands
Authors: Trueman Paul , Flack Sarah , Loonstra Ate , Hauser Tino 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the feasibility of using vacuum‐assisted closure (V.A.C.®) Therapy for the management of surgical and traumatic wounds in the home care settings in the Netherlands. De‐identified patient data were collected from a health insurance database in the Netherlands. All patients with complete records, including indication, age, duration of therapy and defined treatment goal between January and November 2006 were included. Data from 338 patients were analysed. On average, wounds had been present for 2 months before start of V.A.C. Therapy. Overall, 74% of patients reached the pre‐defined therapy goal (77% for dehisced wounds, 68% for abdominal wounds, 73% for traumatic wounds and 91% for sternal wounds) with approximately 1 month of V.A.C. Therapy. There was a negative association between the wound duration prior to V.A.C. Therapy and the treatment success rate (r = −0·162, P = 0·003). Wounds with shorter duration (≤4 weeks) prior to initiation of V.A.C. Therapy achieved an 82% success rate compared with 33% for wounds present for >6 months prior to V.A.C. Therapy. V.A.C. Therapy is a feasible and effective treatment for surgical and traumatic wounds in home care patients with over 70% of patients treated in this sample achieving pre‐defined treatment goals. The success rate of V.A.C. Therapy is negatively associated with the duration of the wound before V.A.C. Therapy is commenced.
Minimising wound‐related pain at dressing change: evidence‐informed practice
Authors: Woo Kevin Y , Harding Keith , Price Patricia , Sibbald Gary 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPain is a common concern in patients with chronic wounds. The purpose of this article is to inform clinicians of empirical evidence for practice based on a recent published consensus document on wound related pain. A team approach is needed to address the experience of living with wound related pain within a holistic framework. The importance of regular pain assessment and strategies to minimize traumatic during wound care are highlighted.
A randomised controlled 8‐week crossover clinical evaluation of the 3M™ Coban™ 2 Layer Compression System versus Profore™ to evaluate the product performance in patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Moffatt Christine J , Edwards Lynfa , Collier Mark , Treadwell Terry , Miller Michael , Shafer Laura , Sibbald Gary , Brassard Alain , McIntosh Andrea , Reyzelman Alex , Price Patricia , Kraus Stacia Merkel , Walters Shelley‐Ann , Harding Keith 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study compared a two‐layer (Coban™ 2 Layer) and a four‐layer (Profore™) compression bandage system in venous leg ulcer patients. Participants (n = 81) were enrolled into an 8‐week, randomised, open‐label, ten‐centre, crossover clinical trial. The primary endpoint was bandage slippage measured at each dressing change. Secondary endpoints included wound healing, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient preference. Mean slippage estimated from a mixed analysis of variance model (697 visits) was 2·48 cm for the two‐layer system and 4·17 cm for the four‐layer system (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in percent of wounds that healed (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0·30), in wound area reduction (Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, P = 0·88) or in linear healing rate (Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, P = 0·94). The HRQoL Physical Symptoms and Daily Living scores were significantly higher with the two‐layer system (pooled two‐sample t‐test, P < 0·05). Patients had a strong preference for the two‐layer system (72%) than the four‐layer system (22%), with 6% having no preference. In conclusion, the two‐layer system exhibited significantly less bandage slippage than the four‐layer system. While less bandage slippage did not appear to impact wound healing, there was indication that it may have influenced patient preference in favour of the two‐layer system and potentially impacted patients’ HRQoL.
Low level laser therapy for healing acute and chronic wounds – the extendicare experience
Authors: Saltmarche Anita E 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of low level laser therapy for wound healing when combined with the Extendicare Wound Prevention and Management Program. Sixteen residents at a Canadian Extendicare nursing home had a total of 27 sites treated consisting of 23 open wounds and 4 ‘at risk’ areas. Of the 23 open wounds, two wounds in between toes were not able to be ‘traced’ and deemed ‘immeasurable’ wounds, resulting in 21 open, measured wounds. The four ‘at risk’ (closed) areas were treated preventatively. Pressure, venous insufficiency and diabetic wounds were included. The majority (12/21) or 57·1%, of the wounds were chronic (≥3 months duration) and 42·9% were acute (<3 months duration). The primary outcome measures included the PUSH Tool score, EZ GraphTM tracings and photographs. Secondary outcome measures were employed to better understand potential barriers to successful integration into clinical practice. Feedback on the effectiveness of low level laser therapy, the education program and determinations of hands‐on relevance was sought from staff. At the end of the 9‐week trial, the majority (61·9%) of the 21 wounds achieved significant improvement (≥50% wound closure). Nine (42·8%) had 100% closure. Some improvement was seen in 14·3% and 23·8% of wounds demonstrated no change. Chronic and acute wounds had similar improvement. None of the wounds in this debilitated, frail population deteriorated during the study and no negative consequences of treatment were encountered. Without staff support, even if new technology has positive clinical outcomes, success would be limited. Staff rated low level laser, easy to learn and use, effective for the majority of their residents worth the additional time. Staff requested a continuation of low level laser even after study completion.
Nanotechnology: Legitimacy, Narrative and Emergent Technologies
Authors: López José Julián 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIt is argued that the legitimacy of an emergent technology, such as nanotechnology, depends on its ability to develop a narrative that mobilises and integrates a number of pre‐existing narrative scripts. In the case of nanotechnology, especially in its NBIC variant (i.e. the convergence of Nano, Bio, Information technology and the Cognitive sciences), the narrative types include science as transcendence, risk, hype, social accountability, ELSI (Ethical Legal and Social Implications) and Science Fiction. This article draws on a number science studies fields to show how components from each of these narrative types make their appearance in the discourse of nanotechnology, but also how they are ordered and stabilised around a key metaphor: practitioners of nanotechnology as master builders. This metaphor links nanotechnology to Science Fiction as a key site for the construction of alternative worlds, and also to the above‐mentioned narrative scripts. In the conclusion, some troubling implications of how nanotechnology is currently legitimated are highlighted.
Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Critcher Chas 
Published: May 2008

AbstractContemporary news events indicate the continuing relevance of moral panic analysis. Of two versions one is British, formulated by Stan Cohen, exemplified by the 1970s emergence of mugging. The second is American, formulated by Goode and Ben‐Yehuda, exemplified by the 1980s missing children campaign. Each model conceptualises the agents and dynamics of moral panics, their causes and consequences. The models have been applied mainly to seven main areas: AIDS, child abuse, drugs, immigration, media violence, street crime and youth deviance. Empirical data have confirmed basic features of the original models and enabled generalisations about the presence and functions of moral panics in capitalist democracies. Critics express reservations about the models’ ambiguous terminology, assumptions of media effects, predetermined dynamics, and vague outcomes. Some advocate revision of the models, others their abandonment. Future development of moral panic analysis requires connection to three important sociological themes: discourse, risk and moral regulation.
Another perspective on individuals with disabilities: An editorial
Authors: Waldman H. Barry , Perlman Steven P. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn 2005, there were nearly 40 million individuals (14.9% of the population), 5 years of age and older, with one or more disabilities (not including individuals living in institutions).1 There is a great variation at the state level: the proportion of the population with disabilities ranges as high as 10.4% in Maine for youngsters between 5 and 20 years, to 52.1% for individuals 65 years and older in Mississippi. By contrast, the lowest proportion of youngsters 5 to 20 years of age with disabilities was in Connecticut (4.5%) and the lowest proportion for individuals 65 years or older with disabilities was in Nevada (33.3%). Political and social factors may be affecting the number of services available and many people with disabilities are not receiving these services. This editorial discusses some of the factors that may affect access to oral health services for people with disabilities.
Preconditioning protects the retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative stress‐induced cell death
Authors: Sharma Rajesh K. , Netland Peter A. , Kedrov Marina A. , Johnson Dianna A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  The cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress, which play an important role in ocular diseases, are well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of non‐lethal doses of oxidative stress on various cell functions, namely cell viability, cell attachment and cell migration in a widely used retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line (ARPE‐19).Methods:  A single exposure to various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to establish a dose response for H2O2‐induced cell death. Other cellular responses, such as changes in cell attachment and migration, were monitored after exposure to increasing doses. Finally, the effects of preconditioning cells with increasing non‐lethal doses of H2O2, with and without a subsequent exposure to lethal doses of H2O2, were determined.Results:  The optimum dose for inducing cell death in ARPE‐19 cells was between 900 and 1000 μm H2O2. Preconditioning the cells with 1, 10 and 50 μm of H2O2 provided a dose‐dependent protection against cell death induced by a lethal dose (900–1000 μm) of H2O2. Preconditioning with higher doses caused cells to become more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of the lethal dose. Although H2O2 increased cell attachment in lower doses, it induced a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell attachment to the substrate in higher doses. H2O2 did not affect cell migration in sub‐lethal doses.Conclusion:  Preconditioning RPE cells with limited exposure to non‐lethal oxidative stress confers significant protection against subsequent H2O2‐induced cell death. It also affects cell attachment in a dose‐specific manner. This finding may help in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important role and in determining the suitability of certain treatment strategies, in particular RPE transplantation in the treatment of age‐related macular degeneration.