bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Evaluation of Elution Methods for Red Cell Antibodies
Authors: Panzer S. , Salama A. , Bödeker R.H. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo recent techniques using xylene and chloroform for antibody elution from red blood cells (RBC) were compared with the most widely used ether and heat elution by means of a quantitative 125I‐antiglobulin test. Free serum alloantibodies and cell‐bound alloantibodies from in vivo sensitization of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and of hemolytic disease of the newborn as well as autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic disease were studied. With alloantibodies, xylene proved more efficient than chloroform (p<0.025), while both methods were superior to heat or ether elution (p<0.005). Autoantibody elution was equally effective with xylene and chloroform (p>0.1) but again better than heat or ether elution (p<0.02). However, no single method produced the strongest eluate with all antibodies studied. We conclude that xylene and/or chloroform elution are valuable implementations in RBC serology, but, in selected instances, the classical elution methods will retain their importance.
Improvement of Enzyme‐Linked Antiglobulin Test by Using an Antiglobulin Linked to Glucose Oxidase: Description of the Technique
Authors: Rigal D. , Monestier M. , Lafont S. , Raffin T. , Got A. , Meyer F. , Jouvenceaux A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe classic enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) used to detect and quantify the amount of IgG antibodies on red blood cells (RBC) is sensitive to hemolysis and erythrocyte enzymatic activities. We describe a new ELAT by using glucose oxidase (GO) linked to antihuman IgG. The optical density baseline of GO‐ELAT, alkaline phosphatase‐ELAT and peroxidase‐ELAT were, respectively, 0.180, 0.350 and 0.550. This very low baseline of GO‐ELAT was due to the absence of hemolysis (the pH of the GO substrate is 6.5). This technique is ten times more sensitive than the indirect antiglobulin test and detects up to 1 ng/ml of anti‐D alloantibodies. Additional advantages of the technique are (1) there is no intrinsic GO enzyme in RBC, and (2) it is not necessary to fix the RBC.
Use of Preserved Autologous Red Blood Cells to Absorb Warm Autoantibodies from the Serum of Patients Receiving Blood Transfusion Therapy
Authors: Reid Marion E. , Toy Pearl T.C.Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper describes two practical methods for the preservation of pretransfusion patient red blood cells for antigen typing and autoabsorption during a course of transfusion therapy. Blood samples from patients who had serum warm autoantibodies and a positive direct antiglobulin test were collected, the serum frozen, and the red cell aliquots separately preserved by PVP‐methanol or formaldehyde fixation. After storage and recovery, the IgG antibodies were dissociated and the cells used for absorption of the warm autoantibodies. The preserved red cells removed the warm autoantibodies as effectively as fresh red blood cells from the same patient. Preservation of autologous red cells prior to the onset of transfusion therapy provides an extension of the autoabsorption procedure and a simple alternative to differential absorption.
Cold Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies in Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Authors: Derksen R.H.W.M. , Schuurman H.J. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Meekes Anne‐Marie J. , Broekhuizen R. , Kater L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOptimum conditions were established for the assay of cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies (cLCTA) in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The optimum temperature of the incubation step with complement was 15°C. For target cells incubated with dextran a significantly higher percentage of damaged cells (p<0.005), a faster rate of cell damage (p<0.001) and a requirement for less complement was observed than for target cells not incubated with dextran. Under optimum conditions in the cytotoxicity assay, 62% of SLE sera damaged more than 60% of the target cells, whereas 73% of the sera from control donors damaged less than 20% of the target cells. In multiple serum samples obtained during follow‐up of 30 patients with SLE, the serum cytotoxic activity or titer of cLCTA fluctuated and did not relate to clinical symptoms of disease activity. In sera obtained during active disease the cytotoxic activity was related to the anti‐dsDNA antibody level and with levels of circulating immune complexes measured by the Raji cell assay and the indirect granulocyte phagocytosis test. We found no restricted reactivity of cLCTA against phenotypically distinct T‐lymphocyte subpopulations with different immunoregulatory functions. The reactivity pattern of cLCTA towards the various T‐lymphocyte subpopulations was not related to disease activity. We conclude that cLCTA in patients with SLE represent an epiphenomenon, being the result of a hyperreactive B‐cell system rather than the cause of the disease.
Transfusion Syphilis, Survival of Treponema pallidum in Stored Donorblood1
Authors: van der Sluis J.J. , ten Kate F.J.W. , Vuzevski V.D. , Kothe F.C. , Aelbers G.M.N. , van Eijk R.V.W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe hypothesis that experimentally determined survival times of Treponema pallidum in stored donorblood could be related to the number of treponemes initially present in the treponeme‐blood mixtures was investigated by inoculating rabbits with three graded doses of treponemes suspended in donor blood and stored at 4°C for various periods of time. The storage periods up to which living treponemes could be detected in the testes of the inoculated rabbits as well as those storage periods up to which seroconversion occurred are related to the number of treponemes present in the treponeme‐blood mixtures. Increasing numbers of treponemes present in the donor blood resulted in longer periods up to which positive results in both parameters were found. All available evidence suggests that the upper limit of seroconversion coincides with the upper limit of treponemal survival. Inoculation with 5times104 treponemes per ml of donor blood resulted in a treponemal survival time of 48 h, inoculation with 1.25times106 treponemes per ml in a treponemal survival time of 72 h and inoculation with 2.5times107 treponemes per ml donor blood in a survival time of 120 h.
New Approach to Eliminate HLA Class I Antigens from Platelet Surface without Cell Damage: Acid Treatment at pH 3.0
Authors: Kurata Yoshiyuki , Oshida Machiko , Take Hironori , Furubayashi Takayasu , Nakao Hirohisa , Tomiyama Yoshiaki , Kanayama Yoshio , Nagao Nobuo , Okubo Yasuto , Yonezawa Takeshi , Tarui Seiichiro 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A new method was studied for eliminating HLA class I antigens from the surface of platelets without damaging the cells. Platelets were exposed to an acid solution (pH 3.0) to eliminate the antigenicity of HLA class I antigens. The reduction in antigenicities of HLA class I common antigen and individual HLA class I antigens by acid treatment was marked. Patients' sera which contained multispecific HLA antibodies reacted with PBS‐treated platelets, but not with acid‐treated platelets. No changes were observed in the antigenicities of glycoprotein Ib or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. The viability of acid‐treated platelets was 83%. Ultrastructural investigations revealed no significant difference between the PBS‐treated platelets and acid‐treated platelets. The platelet function studies showed that the aggregation of acid‐treated platelets induced by various agonists was only slightly reduced compared with PBS‐treated platelets.We propose that acid‐treated platelets are promising for clinical use in patients refractory to platelet transfusions and may be superior to chloroquine‐treated platelets for analysis of the specificity of antiplatelet antibodies.
Management of a Severe Transfusional Problem in a Patient with Alloantibody to Kpb (K4)
Authors: Kohan A.I. , Reybaud J.F. , Salamone H.J. , Rey J.A. , Rey C.E. , Villaravid N. , Papa S. , Goldztein S. Cyrulik , Calahonra R. , Avalos J.C. Sanchez 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe case of a 58‐year‐old male with severe anemia after hemicolectomy is described. The patient proved to be Kp(b–), and the serum contained anti‐Kpb. Because no Kp(b–) donors were available, two incompatible units are administered after intravenous gammaglobulin (400 mg/kg/day) and hydrocortisone (500 mg). The tolerance was good, without signs of increased red cell destruction. Pending the arrival of compatible blood from the American Red Cross, the hematocrit reached 18%, and the direct antiglobulin test remained negative.
Results of the First International Granulocyte Serology Workshop
Authors: Lucas G. F. , Carrington P. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEleven laboratories paticipated in the First International Workshop of Granulocyte Serology. Participants were asked to identify any granulocyte‐reactive antibodies present in 12 human sera distributed as unknown samples. Granulocyte immunofluorescence and granulocyte micro‐agglutination were the most commonly used techniques. The incidence of false‐positive and false‐negative reactions was 15 and 4%, respectively. Most laboratories were able to distinguish between granulocyte‐specific and anti‐HLA antibodies using platelet absorption. The identification of the specificity of granulocyte‐specific antibodies caused the most problems; these were correctly identified on only 57% of occasions.
Serology and Genetics of the Red Blood Cell Factor Rh34
Authors: Moores Phyllis , Smart Elizabeth 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRh34 antibodies were found to have a unique, previously only partly characterised, specificity within the Rh system. No evidence was seen that they were mixtures of hrB and Hr‐like antibodies, or that hrB antibodies existed independently in the natural state. The term anti‐hrB applied to Rh34 antibodies after they had been partially absorbed with R2R2 red cells. Four haplotypes not expressing Rh34 antigen were identified in the present study. The prefix * has been used to indicate them in this text. They were *r's (*dCces), *Ro (*Dce), *Rou (*Duce) and *R od(category III *Dce). Red cells with partially deleted or Rhnull phenotypes were therefore not the sole red cells compatible with anti‐Rh34. R2R2 red cells, which are known to carry weak Rh34 antigen, were incompatible. Twenty‐two family and mother‐child studies established that the Rh:‐34 haplotypes were inherited as normal Mendelian dominant characters. Anti‐Rh34 was capable of recognising RH 34 dosage and of excluding some men who had been wrongly accused in disputed paternity tests.
Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation: 4. Plasma Vesicle Hemoglobin Exceeds Free Hemoglobin
Authors: Greenwalt T.J. , McGuinness C.G. , Dumaswala U.J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Studies were designed to find out how much of the plasma hemoglobin (Hb) in whole blood was in microvesicles and how much was free Hb after 21 days of storage in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose anticoagulant and to determine the effect of the plasticizer, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The total plasma Hb in polyolefin (PO) containers without DEHP was much higher than in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the plasticizer (p=0.004). Less than 30% of the Hb was in free solution in either type of container. The addition of 300 μg/ml of DEHP to the plasma in the PO containers resulted in marked reduction in the microvesiculation (p<0.01) but did not affect the level of free Hb. RBC hypotonic fragility and morphology scores were significantly improved. It is concluded that microvesiculation contributes more to plasma Hb concentration than free Hb during storage.Some hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) is expected during blood bank storage. It has been shown that part of the hemoglobin (Hb) in the suspending medium is free and part is encapsulated in microvescicles shed by the RBC [1]. The amount of hemolysis and microvesiculation that occurs has been noted to be less when blood is stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers in which di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is used as the plasticizer [1]. The DEHP that leaches into the plasma has been shown to decrease hemolysis, microvesiculation, and the increase in osmotic fragility which RBC undergo during refrigerated storage [2–9]. The posttransfusion survival of RBC stored in DEHP‐plasticized PVC has been found superior to RBC stored in PVC bags plasticized with tri‐2‐ethylhexyl‐trimellitate (TEHTM) which is much less leachable. The protective effect of the DEHP is believed to be due to its insertion into the RBC membrane [6–9].The present studies were done to quantify how much of the ‘hemolysis’ that has been observed during the storage of RBC is dissolved Hb and how much is Hb encapsulated in microvesicles.
Isoagglutinins following ABO‐Incompatible Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Wernet Dorothee , Mayer Gerhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIsoagglutinins were investigated following ABO‐incompatible bone marrow transplantation. In major incompatibility anti‐A tends to require more time to disappear than anti‐B. Correspondingly, A erythrocytes require more time to become demonstrable. There is no such difference in major plus minor incompatibility. In minor incompatibility, isoagglutinins against the recipient blood group may be produced early after bone marrow transplantation, which then give way to a possibly lifelong tolerance for the recipient's old blood group.
Expression of Red Cell Antigens C and c on Neonatal and Adult Erythrocytes: A Flow‐Cytometric Analysis
Authors: DePalma L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRed cell membrane proteins expressing Rh antigens appear to be important for the stabilization of the phospholipid membrane bilayer. Neonatal red cells possess a shorter in vivo life span and different deformability properties as compared to adult red blood cells, differences which could potentially be explained by different cell surface antigen densities of Rh‐antigenic determinants. Although conventional serologic techniques have demonstrated Rh antigens on fetal and neonatal red cells, other more sensitive techniques are required when quantitative information is needed. Therefore, in this study, 40 adult and 45 neonatal red blood cell suspensions of differing Rh phenotypes were evaluated for C and c antigen density using flow cytometry.Neonatal and adult red blood cells had the same mean channel fluorescence intensity (expressed in mV) of c antigen in either the homozygous (cc) or heterozygous (cC) state: 485+44 versus 471+29 and 416+31 versus 411+23, respectively. In addition, neonatal and adult C antigen density was similar in heterozygous (Cc; 415+49 versus 455+44) and homozygous (CC; 438+53 versus 469+38 C states. As expected, homozygous (double dose) states for either C or c had greater intensities than heterozygous states for both neonates and adults.Although no differences were noted for C or c antigens, studies of other Rh antigens may indicate lower antigenic density in neonatal red cells.
Diversity of Human Anti‐D Monoclonal Antibodies Revealed by Reactions with Chimpanzee Red Blood Cells
Authors: Blancher A. , Socha W. W. , Ruffie J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFifty‐three human anti‐D monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed a striking diversity of reactions in tests with panels of chimpanzee red blood cells (RBCs) of various R‐C‐E‐F blood group phenotypes (counterparts of the human Rh‐Hr groups). The reactivities of these antibodies, which depended on the agglutination technique used, could be classified into four main types. These patterns of reactivity of anti‐D mAbs with chimpanzee RBCs showed only limited correlation with types of reactions observed with human D variant RBCs. Primate red cells may, therefore, constitute an independent test system for subclassification of human monoclonal antibodies. Comparison of reactivities of human anti‐D mAbs with chimpanzee and human D variant RBCs confirms the homology between the chimpanzee Rc, and the human D antigens. The chimpanzee Rc shares with human D the epitopes epD5, epD6/7 and epD8, but lacks epitopes epD1, epD2, epD3 and epD4 of the Rh mosaic, thus resembling the human D variants IVb and Vc.
Stored Blood Components Contain Agents That Prime the Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase through the Platelet‐Activating‐Factor Receptor
Authors: Silliman Christopher C. , Thurman Gail W. , Ambruso Daniel R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNeutrophils (PMNs) initiate production of toxic oxygen metabolites through stimulation of an NADPH oxidase resulting in the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion (O2−). The activity of this enzyme system may be primed by a variety of compounds. This laboratory investigated the possibility that stored blood components may contain agents which prime the PMN oxidase. At the time of outdate, packed red blood cells, whole blood, and platelet concentrates contained a priming agent which enhanced the PMN NADPH oxidase activity in response to a soluble stimulus, formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe, by 2.1‐to 2.8‐fold. The priming activity was almost completely inhibited by WEB 2170, a specific platelet activating factor antagonist. Fresh plasma or fresh‐frozen plasma did not exhibit priming activity. These data suggest that platelet‐activating factor‐like compounds are generated during the storage of cellular blood components. The presence of these agents in stored blood may suggest a role for specific componds which prime PMNs and possibly mediate other effects which result in severe complications of transfusion therapy.
Manufacture and in vitro Characterization of a Solvent/Detergent‐Treated Human Plasma
Authors: Hellstern Peter , Sachse Hans , Schwinn Horst , Oberfrank Klaus 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have developed a modified solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment to inactivate viruses in human plasma using 1% w/w final concentrations of tri(n‐butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and Triton X‐100 and an incubation period of 4 h at 30°C. The procedure inactivates ≥106 chimpanzee‐infectious doses (CID50) of HBV, ≥105 CID50 of HCV, and ≥106.2 tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of HIV. After virus inactivation, eleven plasma batches were lyophilized and 12 batches were deep‐frozen until further use. The batches were characterized by extensive laboratory tests including measurement of clotting factors I–XIII, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen, inhibitors of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and other clinically important plasma proteins. All parameters were determined before and after S/D treatment. Twelve conventional single donor plasma units served as control. There were no marked losses of activities of clotting factors, antithrombin III, protein C, plasminogen, and C1‐esterase inhibitor due to treatment. After the S/D step, the levels of these parameters were within the normal range in all batches. The same holds true for total protein, immunoglobulins, albumin, complement factors C3 and C4, haptoglobin, hemopexin, caeruloplasmin, α1‐antitrypsin, and pH. Protein S and α2‐antiplasmin activites decreased by about 50% and were frequently found to be slightly below the lower limit of the respective normal range after treatment. The interindividual variations of all proteins analysed were significantly lower than in the single donor plasma units. The S/D procedure did not lead to increases of markers indicating activation of hemostasis. We conclude that lipid‐enveloped viruses can be inactivated by the S/D procedure described in this study without critical reduction of recoveries of plasma proteins.
Immediate Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to Anti‐Inb
Authors: Joshi S.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction was investigated in a patient with intestinal cancer. The causative antibody was directed against a high‐frequency antigen Inb that was presumably produced as a result of pregnancies. This is the first case of a severe transfusion reaction due to this allo‐antibody.
Prevalence of Platelet Transfusion Reactions Before and After Implementation of Leukocyte‐Depleted Platelet Concentrates by Filtration
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Tim , Riddell James , Lazarus Hillard , Chafel Theresa L. , Prince Greg , Hendrix Donna , Yomtovian Roslyn 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo determine the impact of platelet leukodepletion by filtration on the overall prevalence of reported transfusion reactions associated with platelet concentrates, we audited platelet transfusion reactions after infusion of platelet concentrates reported at University Hospitals of Cleveland over 6 months before (interval 1, July 1, 1989 to December 31, 1989) and after (interval 2, July 1, 1990 to December 31, 1990) implementation of the Pall PL 50 filter on our adult Hematology‐Oncology inpatient unit (Division 60). Thirty‐two (1.7%) of 1,901 random, pooled platelet transfusion events resulted in blood bank transfusion reaction workups in interval 1, compared to 90 (5.3%) of 1,704 in interval 2 (p<0.001). The Division 60 service accounted for more of our hospital‐wide platelet reactions after implementation of the filter in interval 2 (84%) than before filtration in interval 1 (42%), p = 0.002. The prevalence of reaction workups for Division 60 was 0.6% for interval 1, compared to 4.3% for interval 2 (p<0.001). No differences were found between interval 1 and interval 2 for the rate of discontinuation of platelet transfusion (36 vs. 32%, p = 0.14), rate of premedication for platelet transfusion (72 vs. 65%, p = 0.6), percentage of direct antiglobulin test‐positive reactions (17 vs. 5.4%, p = 0.09), percentage showing icteric/hemolyzed serum (15 vs. 4.4%, p = 0.09), or reactions believed to be due to red blood cell incompatibility (8.8 vs. 1.1%, p = 0.1). We conclude that the use of expensive platelet filtration devices has not decreased the morbidity of random, pooled platelet transfusions, nor the prevalence of time‐consuming blood bank evaluation of platelet transfusion reactions in this setting.
Use of Jacalin as a Solid Phase in ABO Reverse Grouping
Authors: Green F. , Bubb M. O. , Conradie J. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA major problem of using red cells as the solid phase in assay systems is the difficulty to bind them strongly to appropriate surfaces. We report here on a number of lectins of different specificities which were examined for their ability to bind red cells to polystyrene 96‐well microtitre plates. The use of the Thomsen‐Freidenreich antigen‐specific lectins, jacalin, mushroom and Madura pomifera agglutinin proved the most useful for ABO reverse grouping. Jacalin‐coated plates were also compared with plates coated with poly‐L‐lysine and bovine serum albumin/glutaraldehyde for the binding of erythrocyte membranes and were found to be superior. We also describe the col‐orimetric detection of the solid phase red cell antibody reaction by using an indicator erythrocyte and peroxidase chromogenic substrate.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)‐Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shechter V. , Brenner B. , Klein E. , Tatarsky I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA case of carbamazepine‐induced thrombocytopenia is reported. The patient, a 38‐year‐old female, developed thrombocytopenia 10 days after receiving 400 mg carbamazepine daily. The presence of an anti‐IgG carbamazepine‐dependent platelet‐reactive antibody was documented. Using flow cytometry, the drug‐induced antibody was detected at a drug concentration as low as 10‐6 M.