bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining the model for an emergency department‐based mental health nurse practitioner outpatient service
Authors: Wand Timothy , White Kathryn , Patching Joanna 
Published: August 2008

Refining the model for an emergency department‐based mental health nurse practitioner outpatient service The mental health nurse practitioner (MHNP) role based in the emergency department (ED) has emerged in response to an increase in mental health‐related presentations and subsequent concerns over waiting times, co‐ordination of care and therapeutic intervention. The MHNP role also provides scope for the delivery of specialised primary care. Nursing authors are reporting on nurse‐led outpatient clinics as a method of healthcare delivery that allows for enhanced access to health‐care, particularly following hospital discharge. However, due to a lack of in‐depth substantiation, this mode of service delivery requires more thorough investigation. This study describes the refinement phase undertaken before the implementation and pilot evaluation of a formalised and structured MHNP outpatient service in the ED of a large inner‐city hospital in Sydney, Australia. An expert advisory panel (EAP) consisting of key local informants was convened to provide feedback on and refinement to the proposed model. This related to issues such as target population, structure and process considerations, outcome measures and interface within the overall health service. Findings from the EAP meeting are presented and discussed. The importance of linking methods with the appropriate methodology in evaluating a healthcare program is highlighted.
As mental health nursing roles expand, is education expanding mental health nurses? an emotionally intelligent view towards preparation for psychological therapies and relatedness
Authors: Hurley John , Rankin Robert 
Published: August 2008

As mental health nursing roles expand, is education expanding mental health nurses? an emotionally intelligent view towards preparation for psychological therapies and relatedness Mental health nurses (MHN) in the UK currently occupy a challenging position. This positioning is one that offers a view of expanding roles and responsibilities in both mental health act legislation and the delivery of psychological therapies, while simultaneously generic pre‐registration training is being considered. Clearly, the view from this position, although not without challenge and internal discipline dispute, can also offer growing professional prestige, influence and respect from other health disciplines, as well as the wider public. Conversely, if the training, education and strategic enactment for new MHN roles is formulated and delivered from predominantly non‐MHN axiomatic and epistemological stances, MHN identity can be seriously and potentially permanently diminished. This paper offers the construct of emotional intelligence as a framework to respond to these future challenges through making individual MHN enablement a primacy. This enablement of MHNs through enhanced emotional intelligence competencies is argued as requiring priority over the standard approach of enhancing strategies alone.
From good intentions to real life: introducing crisis resolution teams in Norway
Authors: Karlsson Bengt , Borg Marit , Kim Hesook Suzie 
Published: August 2008

From good intentions to real life: introducing crisis resolution teams in Norway In Norway, as in most western countries, the adult services for people experiencing mental health problems have gone through major changes over the last decades. A report submitted to the Norwegian Parliament in 1997 summarized several areas of improvement in the provision of mental health‐care to its population, and led to the introduction of a national mental health programme in 1998 for its implementation to be completed by 2008. The most significant recent development in Norway is ‘Crisis Resolution/Home Treatment’ (CRHT) teams that provide an alternative to acute hospital care services. The major aim of this study is to explore an emerging form of community mental health‐care, and present a framework for establishment and examination of CRHT teams applying the user perspectives. An illustration of user experiences in an already established CRHT team provides a background for understanding implications of this form of service in relation to service users’ needs in acute crises.
Humanism in forensic psychiatry: the use of the tidal nursing model
Authors: Jacob Jean Daniel , Holmes Dave , Buus Niels 
Published: August 2008

Humanism in forensic psychiatry: the use of the tidal nursing modelThe humanist school of thought, which finds resonance in many conceptual models and theories designed to guide nursing practice, needs to be understood in the context of the total institution, where the individual is subjected to amortification of the self, and denied autonomy. This article will engage in a critical reflection on how humanism has influenced nursing theorists and the subsequent production of conceptual models and theories, especially as they relate to the field of forensic psychiatric nursing. Although humanism provides optimism for nurse–patient relations, this article explores the incapability of such a philosophy to acknowledge the power relationships between individuals and its inability to explain the day‐to‐day realities experienced in forensic nursing, where the possibility of interpersonal violence reshapes nursing care. The tidal model will be discussed in detail as an example of a recently developed humanistic nursing model. Viewed from this perspective, it is clear that humanistic philosophy and its subsequent models of care are in discordance with the highly specialized field of forensic nursing.
Creating a space for recovery‐focused psychiatric nursing care
Authors: Walsh Jim , Stevenson Chris , Cutcliffe John , Zinck Kirk 
Published: August 2008

Creating a space for recovery‐focused psychiatric nursing care Within contemporary mental health‐care, power relationships are regularly played out between psychiatric nurses and service users. These power relationships are often imperceptible to the practicing nurse. For instance, in times of distress, service users often turn to or/and ‘construct’ discourses, beliefs and knowledge that are at odds with those which psychiatric nurses rely on to inform them of the mental status of the service user. The psychiatric nurse is in the position to impose knowledge onto service users, usually in concurrence with ‘traditional or bio‐psychiatry’, without realizing or failing to acknowledge that the service user may have an alternative explanation of his/her mental health problems/experiences. In this paper, practice examples, based on the experiences of the four authors (from within and outside of services), are used to illustrate this ‘hidden’ power relationship. The authors use Foucault's ideas about: (i) government; (ii) the knowledge/power nexus and resistance; (iii) and his analytic tool of genealogy to help unravel this paradox within psychiatric nursing practice. The authors also use the emerging discourse of recovery as an alternative (and challenge) to ‘traditional bio‐psychiatry’ and consider the implications for psychiatric nursing practice.
No evidence for an interactive effect of herbivore and predator diversity on herbivore abundance in the experimental mesocosms of Douglass et al. (2008)
Authors: Murtaugh Paul A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDouglass et al. (Ecol. Lett., 11, 2008, 1) concluded that grazer diversity and predator diversity have an interactive effect on herbivore abundance in experimental marine mesocosms. Re‐analysis of their data fails to support this conclusion, which was apparently based on a statistical miscalculation.
Erroneous behaviour of MixSIR, a recently published Bayesian isotope mixing model: a discussion of Moore & Semmens (2008)
Authors: Jackson Andrew L. , Inger Richard , Bearhop Stuart , Parnell Andrew 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe application of Bayesian methods to stable isotopic mixing problems, including inference of diet has the potential to revolutionise ecological research. Using simulated data we show that a recently published model MixSIR fails to correctly identify the true underlying dietary proportions more than 50% of the time and fails with increasing frequency as additional unquantified error is added. While the source of the fundamental failure remains elusive, mitigating solutions are suggested for dealing with additional unquantified variation. Moreover, MixSIR uses a formulation for a prior distribution that results in an opaque and unintuitive covariance structure.
Obesity and oncological outcome after radical prostatectomy: impact of prostate‐specific antigen‐based prostate cancer screening: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital and Duke Prostate Center Databases
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Sun Leon , Kane Christopher J. , Presti Jr Joseph C. , Terris Martha K. , Amling Christopher L. , Moul Judd W. , Aronson William J. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVETo indirectly test the hypothesis that prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based screening is biased against obese men due to haemodilution of PSA, and thus results in delayed diagnosis and poorer outcome beyond the biological link between obesity and aggressive prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe sought to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and the outcome of radical prostatectomy (RP) separately for men with PSA‐detected cancers (cT1c) or with abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings (cT2/T3), and stratified by year of treatment, using two large databases. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1375 and 2014 men treated by RP between 1988 and 2007 using the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) and Duke Prostate Center (DPC) databases. We evaluated the association between BMI and adverse pathological features and biochemical progression, using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for several clinical characteristics, respectively. Data were examined as a whole and as stratified by clinical stage (cT1c vs cT2/T3) and year of surgery (≥2000 vs <2000).RESULTSIn both cohorts a higher BMI was associated with high‐grade disease (P ≤ 0.02) and positive surgical margins (P < 0.001) and these results did not vary by clinical stage. A higher BMI was significantly associated with biochemical progression (P ≤ 0.03) in both cohorts. When stratified by clinical stage, obesity was significantly related to progression in both cohorts among men with T1c cancers (P ≤ 0.004) but not in men with cT2/T3 cancers (P > 0.3). Among men with T1c disease, the association between BMI and biochemical progression was limited to men treated in 2000 or later (P ≤ 0.002) and was not apparent in men treated before 2000 (P > 0.4).CONCLUSIONSObese men with PSA‐detected cancers and treated with RP since 2000 were at significantly greater risk of biochemical progression, while obese men treated before 2000 or diagnosed with an abnormal DRE were not at significantly greater risk of progression. These findings support the hypothesis that current PSA‐based screening is less effective at finding cancers in obese men, leading to more aggressive tumours at diagnosis. Lowering the PSA threshold for biopsy among obese men might help to improve outcomes among this high‐risk group.
Fishery by‐catch and discards: a positive perspective from ecosystem‐based fishery management
Authors: Zhou Shijie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBy‐catch and (or) discards in fisheries have been considered a serious problem and have been unanimously criticized by politicians, environmental groups, the public and scientists. However, it is possible to determine biologically acceptable amounts of discards that fulfil the objectives of ecosystem‐based fishery management (EBFM). For instance, while discards have been shown to impact some systems negatively, they can be a potential benefit in other systems. Using a prawn trawl fishery as an example, this paper discusses some of the potentially positive effects of discards. As in many facets of EBFM, the key for the management of discards is sustainability and precaution. In particular, it is important to give full consideration to the implications of reducing discards to the lowest extent possible.
Economic significance of predictability in Australian equities
Authors: Gray Philip 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper examines evidence of predictability in Australian equities using both statistical and economic metrics of significance. A probit‐based predictive model is used to forecast the probability that the 1 month ahead excess market return will be positive. Funds under management are then switched between equities and fixed income on the basis of this forecast. Although the statistical evidence of the model's predictive ability is mixed, the results suggest convincing evidence of an economically significant degree of return predictability. A $A1 investment in the switching strategy (market) in January 1980 grows to over $A55 ($A39) by June 2007. Although the economic significance of the switching strategy remains even in the presence of high transaction costs, robustness checks suggest that the seemingly impressive full‐sample results might be sample specific. The apparent superiority of the portfolio‐switching strategy can be traced to a handful of observations early in the study during which the predictive model provides a timely signal to exit equities. There is little evidence that the predictive model has forecasting ability across the entire sample. As such, this paper serves both to illustrate how alternate metrics of return predictability can lead to divergent conclusions, and to emphasize the importance of subjecting apparent findings of predictability to robustness checks.
The Determinants of Performance Appraisal Systems: A Note (Do Brown and Heywood's Results for Australia Hold Up for Britain?)
Authors: Addison John T. , Belfield Clive R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article offers a replication for Britain of Brown and Heywood's analysis of the determinants of performance appraisal in Australia. Although there are some important limiting differences between our two datasets — the Australia Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS) and the Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) — we reach one central point of agreement and one intriguing shared insight. First, performance appraisal is negatively associated with tenure: where employers cannot rely on the carrot of deferred pay or the stick of dismissal to motivate workers, they will tend to rely more on monitoring, ceteris paribus. Second, employer monitoring and performance pay may be complementary. However, consonant with the disparate results from the wider literature, there is more modest agreement on the contribution of specific human resource management practices, and still less on the role of job control.
New Contractual Relationships in the Agency Worker Market: The Case of the UK's National Health Service
Authors: Hoque Kim , Kirkpatrick Ian , De Ruyter Alex , Lonsdale Chris 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a trend towards the negotiation of closer contractual relationships between employers and employment agencies. However, little is known about this change or its likely consequences. In theory, such relationships can benefit employers by lowering fees and also reducing many of the hidden costs associated with the use of agency staff by improving the effectiveness of placement matching. Against this is the suggestion that formal partnerships are unlikely to have a positive impact given the uncertainty of demand for temporary labour and broader tendencies for risk displacement in buyer–supplier networks. In this article, our aim is to explore this matter focusing on recent developments in the UK's National Health Service. We find that new contractual relationships such as framework agreements and master vendor contracts are having mixed effects. While they serve to reduce direct costs for employers in the short term, this has been at the expense of relationship building and improvements in placement matching. These developments are also found to have some potentially negative consequences for the agency workforce itself.
The Population Genetics of Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Meta‐Analysis Study
Authors: Papadopoulos V. P. , Giaglis S. , Mitroulis I. , Ritis K. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryOur aim was to construct a Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) cumulative database and to propose a MEFV based phylogenetic tree. Data were collected from published studies. A meta‐analysis based on 16,756 chromosomes from FMF patients and normal individuals from 14 affected populations was performed. Arlequin 2.0 and Phylip 3.2 software were used for population genetics analysis and phylogenetic tree construction.We have shown that MEFV mutations are distributed non‐uniformly along the Mediterranean Sea area. The most frequent mutations detected in FMF patients are M694V (39.6%), V726A (13.9%), M680I (11.4%), E148Q (3.4%), and M694I (2.9%), while 28.8% of chromosomes carry unidentified or no mutations, especially in Western Europeans. The mean overall carrier rate is 0.186 with peak values in Arabs, Armenians, Jews, and Turks. Only V726A obeys the Hardy‐Weinberg law in FMF patients implying that this mutation is the most ancient. Jews present the most intense genetic isolation and drift; thus they might have nested de novo mutations and accelerated evolution. Besides Jews, three population groups might follow distinct evolutionary lines (Asia Minor, Eastern European, and Western European).In conclusion, the MEFV mutation pattern is non‐uniform regarding distribution, phenotypic expression, neutrality and population genetics characteristics. Jews are the candidate population for founder effects in MEFV.
U‐Statistics‐based Tests for Multiple Genes in Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Wei Zhi , Li Mingyao , Rebbeck Timothy , Li Hongzhe 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAs our understanding of biological pathways and the genes that regulate these pathways increases, consideration of these biological pathways has become an increasingly important part of genetic and molecular epidemiology. Pathway‐based genetic association studies often involve genotyping of variants in genes acting in certain biological pathways. Such pathway‐based genetic association studies can potentially capture the highly heterogeneous nature of many complex traits, with multiple causative loci and multiple alleles at some of the causative loci. In this paper, we develop two nonparametric test statistics that consider simultaneously the effects of multiple markers. Our approach, which is based on data‐adaptive U‐statistics, can handle both qualitative data such as case‐control data and quantitative continuous phenotype data. Simulations demonstrate that our proposed methods are more powerful than standard methods, especially when there are multiple risk loci each with small genetic effects. When the number of disease‐predisposing genes is small, the data‐adaptive weighting of the U‐statistics over all the markers produces similar power to commonly used single marker tests. We further illustrate the potential merits of our proposed tests in the analysis of a data set from a pathway‐based candidate gene association study of breast cancer and hormone metabolism pathways. Finally, potential applications of the proposed tests to genome‐wide association studies are also discussed.
Reduced retinal function in amyloid precursor protein‐over‐expressing transgenic mice via attenuating glutamate‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor signaling
Authors: Shimazawa Masamitsu , Inokuchi Yuta , Okuno Takashi , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Sakaguchi Gaku , Kato Akira , Oku Hidehiro , Sugiyama Tetsuya , Kudo Takashi , Ikeda Tsunehiko , Takeda Masatoshi , Hara Hideaki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHere, we examined whether amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein participates in cell death and retinal function using three types of transgenic (Tg) mice in vivo [human mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tg (Tg 2576) mice, mutant presenilin‐1 (PS‐1) knock‐in mice, and APP/PS‐1 double Tg mice]. ELISA revealed that the insoluble form of Aβ1‐40 was markedly accumulated in the retinas of APP and APP/PS‐1, but not PS‐1 Tg, mice (vs. wild‐type mice). In APP Tg and APP/PS‐1 Tg mice, immunostaining revealed accumulations of intracellular Aβ1–42 in retinal ganglion cells and in the inner and outer nuclear layers. APP Tg and APP/PS‐1 Tg, but not PS‐1 Tg, mice had less NMDA‐induced retinal damage than wild‐type mice, and the reduced damage in APP/PS‐1 Tg mice was diminished by the pre‐treatment of N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester, a γ‐secretase inhibitor. Furthermore, the number of TUNEL‐positive cells was significantly less in ganglion cell layer of APP/PS‐1 Tg mice than PS‐1 Tg mice 24 h after NMDA injection. The phosphorylated form of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα), but not total CaMKIIα or total NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) subunit, in total retinal extracts was decreased in non‐treated retinas of APP/PS‐1 Tg mice (vs. wild‐type mice). CaMKIIα and NR2B proteins, but not NR1, in retinal membrane fraction were significantly decreased in APP/PS‐1 Tg mice as compared with wild‐type mice. The NMDA‐induced increase in p‐CaMKIIα in the retina was also lower in APP/PS‐1 Tg mice than in wild‐type mice. In electroretinogram and visual‐evoked potential recordings, the implicit time to each peak from a light stimulus was prolonged in APP/PS‐1 mice versus wild‐type mice. Hence, Aβ may impair retinal function by reducing activation of NMDA‐receptor signaling pathways.
Pael‐R transgenic mice crossed with parkin deficient mice displayed progressive and selective catecholaminergic neuronal loss
Authors: Wang Hua‐Qin , Imai Yuzuru , Inoue Haruhisa , Kataoka Ayane , Iita Sachiko , Nukina Nobuyuki , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: August 2008

AbstractParkin, a ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR‐JP). We identified parkin‐associated endothelin receptor‐like receptor (Pael‐R) as a substrate of parkin, whose accumulation is thought to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) ‐mediated cell death, leading to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. To create an animal model of AR‐JP, we generated parkin knockout/Pael‐R transgenic (parkin‐ko/Pael‐R‐tg) mice. parkin‐ko/Pael‐R‐tg mice exhibited early and progressive loss of dopaminergic as well as noradrenergic neurons without formation of inclusion bodies, recapitulating the pathological features of AR‐JP. Evidence of activation of UPR and up‐regulation of dopamine and its metabolites were observed throughout the lifetime. Moreover, complex I activity of mitochondria isolated from parkin‐ko/Pael‐R‐tg mice was significantly reduced later in life. These findings suggest that persistent induction of unfolded protein stress underlies chronic progressive catecholaminergic neuronal death, and that dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I and oxidative stress might be involved in the progression of Parkinson’s disease. parkin‐ko/Pael‐R‐tg mice represents an AR‐JP mouse model displaying chronic and selective loss of catecholaminergic neurons.