bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthetic decision‐making: How do people select colours for real settings?
Authors: de Destefani Lucila R. Geymonat , Whitfield T. W. Allan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA feature of the empirical literature in colour psychology is that little attention has been given to how people in real settings engage in colour selection. Surprisingly, with rare exceptions, we know almost nothing about this. Besides its theoretical significance within psychology, this question has practical implications for industries where colour choice is important. A study is reported into that most ubiquitous of activities, selecting a paint colour for the home. This used a retrospective method supported by qualitative data analysis (NVivo) in which participants described their process of colour selection. The results indicate a process that is far from uniform, but one that consists of two essential stages. The first involves arriving at what we refer to as an affective specification of the qualities sought. Once constructed, this leads to the second stage of matching colour attributes to that specification. Selecting a wall colour emerges as a surprisingly complex process, and one that corresponds more closely to a search than to a simple affective choice. A parallel is drawn with decision research, particularly the field of naturalistic decision‐making. From participants' reports, colour selection also emerges as a process that women appear to understand better than men. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 55–60, 2008
Using symmetry to understand the attributes of color
Authors: Adams Louis W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe common attributes of color are distinguishable by their symmetries. Hue, saturation, chroma, chromaticness, whiteness, and blackness symmetries are discussed. Symmetries are generally not sufficient to specify unique formulas for color attributes, nor are they an endorsement of color model accuracy. However, symmetries do provide constraints for valid formulae, which are useful even when symmetries are only approximate. They also provide an alternate conceptual understanding of color attributes that differs from standard color science definitions. Symmetries provide a simplified framework for calculating groups of colors that share color attributes. Color models examined include the Hunt Model, a simple color model (SCM), various CIE color spaces, and IPT. A general functional form describes symmetries and scaling laws for many color models, and exceptions are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 27–44, 2008
Research on the location characters of urban color plan in China
Authors: Gou Aiping , Wang Jiangbo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract“Urban color” has gradually become one of the hot topics in the field of urban planning in China, and many cities have done research and developed planning practices. On the basis of the comparisons of those cities, numbers and figures show that most of them locate in the eastern part of China. Through the introduction of the Chinese urban planning system and implementation procedure, the authors indicate the status of the urban color plan and analyze the maneuverability of items on color in related laws and regulations. Next, we discuss the reasons of the distribution character with the examples of urban color plan of Yiyuan and architectural façade rebuilt of Guidu Holiday Inn in Suzhou. Finally, the authors point out that under the present Chinese system, urban color planning is the result of the game between urban planners and architects who come out from the rapid boom of urban construction and economy development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 68–76, 2008
The Particle‐In‐Cell Method
Authors: Tskhakaya D. , Matyash K. , Schneider R. , Taccogna F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper is the first in a series of three papers to summarize the recent work of an European‐wide collaborationwhich is ongoing since about one decade using Particle‐in‐Cell (PIC) methods in low temperature plasma physics. In the present first paper the main aspects of this computational technique will be presented. In the second paper, an overview of applications in low‐temperature plasma modelling will be given, whereas the third part will put emphasis on the specific results of modelling ion thrusters. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Particle in Cell Simulation of Low Temperature Laboratory Plasmas
Authors: Matyash K. , Schneider R. , Taccogna F. , Hatayama A. , Longo S. , Capitelli M. , Tskhakaya D. , Bronold F. X. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSeveral applications of PIC simulations for understanding basic physics phenomena in low‐temperature plasmas are presented: capacitive radiofrequency discharges in Oxygen, dusty plasmas and negative ion sources for heating of fusion plasmas. The analysis of these systems based on their microscopic properties as accessible with PIC gives improved insight into their complex behavior. These studies are results of joint efforts over about one decade of research groups from Greifswald University, Germany; Bari University, Italy; Keio University, Japan and Innsbruck University, Austria. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simple Analytical Model of the Anodic Streamer
Authors: Amir‐Aid D. , Harrache Z. , Belasri A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, an analytical model is used to study the formation of the anodic streamer in high pressure electrical discharge. This model enabled us to see the space variations of the characteristics of the streamer such as the electric field and the propagation velocity of streamer. The validity of the analytic approach is demonstrated by comparing the model results to the data from the literature. A qualitative concord was found. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is part of the lipopolysaccharide “sensing apparatus”
Authors: Triantafilou Martha , Lepper Philipp M. , Briault Caspar David , Ahmed Mohamed Abd Elrahman , Dmochowski Josh M. , Schumann Christian , Triantafilou Kathy 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by the innate immune system involves at least three receptor molecules: CD14, TLR4 and MD‐2. Additional receptor components such as heat shock proteins, chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), or CD55 have been suggested to be part of this activation cluster; possibly acting as additional LPS transfer molecules. Our group has previously identified CXCR4 as a component of the “LPS‐sensing apparatus”. In this study we aimed to elucidate the role that CXCR4 plays in innate immune responses to LPS. Here we demonstrate that CXCR4 transfection results in responsiveness to LPS. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments further showed that LPS directly interacts with CXCR4. Our data suggest that CXCR4 is not only involved in LPS binding but is also responsible for triggering signalling, especially mitogen‐activated protein kinases in response to LPS. Finally, co‐clustering of CXCR4 with other LPS receptors seems to be crucial for LPS signalling, thus suggesting that CXCR4 is a functional part of the multimeric LPS “sensing apparatus”.
c‐FLIPS reduces activation of caspase and NF‐κB pathways and decreases T cell survival
Authors: Hinshaw‐Makepeace Jennifer , Huston Gail , Fortner Karen A. , Russell Jennifer Q. , Holoch Daniel , Swain Susan , Budd Ralph C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEffective stimulation of NF‐κB in T cells following TCR ligation requires the activity of caspase‐8. The active caspase‐8 complex includes the paracaspase, MALT1, and Bcl‐10, which connect to the NF‐κB pathway. It has been less clear what regulates the level of caspase‐8 activity during T cell activation. A likely candidate is cellular FLIP (c‐FLIP), an enzymatically inert caspase‐8 homologue. Two alternatively spliced forms of c‐FLIP exist, a long form (c‐FLIPL) and a short‐form (c‐FLIPS). The latter lacks the C‐terminal caspase‐like domain. c‐FLIPL can heterodimerize with and activate caspase‐8 through an activation loop in the C terminus of c‐FLIPL. Here we show that, in contrast to c‐FLIPL, c‐FLIPS inhibits activation of caspase‐8 in T cells, and consequently reduces recruitment of MALT1 and Bcl‐10 to the active caspase complex. This results in reduced activity of NF‐κB. Consequently, T cells from c‐FLIPS‐transgenic mice undergo more rapid cell death both spontaneously and after activation. The findings suggest that c‐FLIPS functions to reduce the expansion of T cells during an immune response.
Efficient induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses by virus‐like particles administered intranasally: implications for vaccine design
Authors: Bessa Juliana , Schmitz Nicole , Hinton Heather J. , Schwarz Katrin , Jegerlehner Andrea , Bachmann Martin F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIntranasal (i.n.) immunization aims to induce local as well as systemic immune responses. In the present study, we assessed a vaccine platform based on virus‐like particles (VLP) derived from the RNA phage Qβ for i.n. immunization. We found that both i.n. and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Qβ‐VLP elicited strong and comparable specific IgG responses in serum and lung. Surprisingly, both routes also induced high levels of specific IgA in serum. In contrast, only i.n. administration of Qβ‐VLP resulted in local IgA production in the lung. Efficient induction of B cell responses by i.n. administration of VLP was further supported by the presence of large numbers of germinal centers (GC) as well as memory B cells in the spleen and plasma cells in the bone marrow. Results obtained for the VLP itself could be extended to an antigen covalently attached to it. Specifically, i.n. immunization of mice with VLP displaying the influenza virus derived ectodomain of the M2 protein resulted in strong M2‐specific antibody responses as well as anti‐viral protection. In contrast, i.n. immunization with VLP displaying p33 peptide, the major CTL epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, induced relatively inefficient cytotoxic T cell responses, resulting in low numbers of specific T cells and poor effector cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that effective antibody‐based vaccines are achievable by i.n. administration of Qβ‐VLP displaying specific antigens.
Characterization of a subset of antigen‐specific human central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes producing effector cytokines
Authors: Stubbe Muriel , Vanderheyde Nathalie , Pircher Hanspeter , Goldman Michel , Marchant Arnaud 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCCR7+ central memory (TCM) CD4+ T cells play a central role in long‐term immunological memory. Recent reports indicate that a proportion of CD4+ TCM is able to produce effector cytokines. The phenotype and the role of this subset remain unknown. We characterized cytokine‐producing human CD4+ TCM specific for cleared protein and persistent viral Ag. Our results demonstrate that the type of Ag stimulation is a major determinant of CD4+ TCM differentiation. CMV‐specific TCM were significantly more differentiated than protein Ag‐specific TCM and included higher proportions of IFN‐γ‐producing cells. The expression of killer cell lectin‐like receptor G1 (KLRG1) by protein Ag‐ and CMV‐specific TCM was associated with increased production of effector cytokines. KLRG1+ TCM expressed high levels of CD127, suggesting that they can survive long term under the influence of IL‐7. The induction of KLRG1+ TCM may therefore represent an important target of vaccination against pathogens controlled by cellular immune responses.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200738044
Broad T cell immunity to the LcrV virulence protein is induced by targeted delivery to DEC‐205/CD205‐positive mouse dendritic cells
Authors: Do Yoonkyung , Park Chae Gyu , Kang Young‐Sun , Park Sung Ho , Lynch Rebecca M. , Lee Haekyung , Powell Bradford S. , Steinman Ralph M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThere is a need for a more efficient vaccine against the bacterium Yersinia pestis, the agent of pneumonic plague. The F1‐LcrV (F1‐V) subunit vaccine in alhydrogel is known to induce humoral immunity. In this study, we utilized DC to investigate cellular immunity. We genetically engineered the LcrV virulence protein into the anti‐DEC‐205/CD205 mAb and thereby targeted the conjugated protein directly to mouse DEC‐205+ DC in situ. We observed antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell immunity measured by intracellular staining for IFN‐γ in three different mouse strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H/HeJ), while we could not observe such T cell responses with F1‐V vaccine in alhydrogel. Using a peptide library for LcrV protein, we identified two or more distinct CD4+ T cell mimetopes in each MHC haplotype, consistent with the induction of broad immunity. When compared to nontargeted standard protein vaccine, DC targeting greatly increased the efficiency for inducing IFN‐γ‐producing T cells. The targeted LcrV protein induced antibody responses to a similar extent as the F1‐V subunit vaccine, but Th1‐dependent IgG2a and IgG2c isotypes were observed only after anti‐DEC‐205:LcrV mAb immunization. This study sets the stage for the analysis of functional roles of IFN‐γ‐producing T cells in Y. pestis infection.
The strength of T cell stimulation determines IL‐7 responsiveness, secondary expansion, and lineage commitment of primed human CD4+IL‐7Rhi T cells
Authors: Lozza Laura , Rivino Laura , Guarda Greta , Jarrossay David , Rinaldi Andrea , Bertoni Francesco , Sallusto Federica , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Geginat Jens 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMouse memory T cell precursors express IL‐7 receptor‐α (IL‐7R), proliferate with homeostatic cytokines and undergo secondary expansions with antigen. Here, we analyzed how the strength of antigenic stimulation regulates IL‐7R expression, cytokine responsiveness and expansion potential of DC‐primed human CD4+ T cells. IL‐7R expression on proliferating T cells was highest at intermediate strength of stimulation, and purified CCR7+IL‐7Rhi and CCR7–IL‐7Rlo subsets had characteristics of memory and effector cells, respectively. However, CCR7+IL‐7Rhi cells generated under different priming conditions had strikingly different properties. Thus, increasing strength of stimulation promoted IL‐7 responsiveness that correlated with reduced phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression and enhanced s6 kinase activation, suggesting a tunable IL‐7R coupling to PI3 kinase‐dependent signaling pathways. Furthermore, functional and gene expression analysis revealed that intermediate‐stimulated CCR7+IL‐7Rhi cells were similar to non‐polarized central memory cells with high expansion potential. Conversely, high‐stimulated CCR7+IL‐7Rhi cells shared characteristics with circulating pre‐Th1 cells and differentiated spontaneously to Th1 effector cells. These results show that the strength of stimulation determines properties of activated IL‐7Rhi T cells, and suggest that memory T cell subsets could be derived from CCR7+ precursors that received different strengths of stimulation.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200738044
Colloidal Strategies for Preparing Oxide‐Based Hybrid Nanocrystals
Authors: Casavola Marianna , Buonsanti Raffaella , Caputo Gianvito , Cozzoli Pantaleo Davide 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecent progress of colloidal chemistry in the synthesis of multimaterial nanostructures incorporating transition‐metal oxides is reviewed. Attention is focused on the emerging class of hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs), in which domains of different materials are interconnected through inorganic junctions in defined spatial arrangements. The level of expertise so far achieved in the preparation of single‐material NCs with finely tuned geometric parameters has been further extended into elegant “seeded growth” approaches for accessing elaborate HNCs by control of interfacial lattice strain and surface energy in liquid media. Various topological configurations are analyzed, including concentric core/shell architectures, hetero‐oligomers grouping spherical material domains and more asymmetric hybrid nanostructures based on rod‐shaped sections. The chemical‐physical properties and technological advantages offered by such multifunctional HNCs are also summarized.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Stearidonic acid (18:4n‐3): Metabolism, nutritional importance, medical uses and natural sources
Authors: Guil‐Guerrero José Luis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStearidonic acid (SA, 18:4n‐3) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that constitutes the first metabolite of α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) in the metabolic pathway leading to C20–22 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3), which recently have received much attention because of their various physiological functions in the human body. Recently, several studies indicated that dietary SA increased EPA more efficiently than ALA. Thus, vegetable oils containing SA may become a dietary source of n‐3 fatty acids that is more effective in increasing tissue n‐3 PUFA concentrations than the current ALA‐containing vegetable oils. Nevertheless, few SA sources occur in nature, although there are still a large number of species untested to date. SA has been detected in variable amounts in several species of algae, fungi and animals tissues, but the seeds of some plant families seem to be better sources of SA, especially Echium (Boraginaceae) species. This work reviews the nutritional significance, medical uses and natural occurrence of SA.
Domino Heck–Diels–Alder Reactions of Monosubstituted Bicyclopropylidenes
Authors: Yucel Baris , Noltemeyer Mathias , de Meijere Armin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA three‐component domino Heck–Diels–Alder reaction involving pinacol bicyclopropylideneboronate (8b), iodobenzene (9) and methyl acrylate (12) under Jeffery conditions [Pd(OAc)2, PPh3, K2CO3, Et4NCl, MeCN] produced a mixture of phenylspiro[2.5]octeneboronates syn/anti‐(E)‐14b and methyl phenylspirooctenecarboxylate 25 in 25 and 38 % yield, respectively. The major product 25 was most probably formed via the homoallylpalladium complex 23b undergoing deboropalladation rather than dehydropalladation. Similarly, reactions of tributylstannyl‐ and hydroxydimethylsilyl‐substituted bicyclopropylidenes 8c–d with 9 and tert‐butyl acrylate gave the tert‐butyl phenylspirooctenecarboxylate 26 via the diene 24 formed by demetallopalladation processes. The reaction of methyl 1,1′‐bicyclopropylidene‐2‐carboxylate (8e) with iodobenzene (9) in the presence of tert‐butyl acrylate (13) furnished a mixture of regioisomeric and diastereomeric spirooctenes syn/anti‐(E)‐15e and syn/anti‐(Z)‐15e in 69 and 6 % yield, respectively. The structures of the major pair of diastereomers syn‐(E)‐15e and anti‐(E)‐15e were rigorously proved by X‐ray crystal structure analyses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Optimal futures heading: Quadratic versus exponential utility functions
Authors: Lien Donald 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlthough quadratic and exponential utility functions both lead to mean‐variance expected utility analysis, this study demonstrates that the two approaches produce different optimal futures hedging decisions. Specifically, the deviation between the optimal production level and the optimal futures position is always smaller under the exponential utility framework. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28: 208–211, 2008
Interdealer inference and price discovery
Authors: Huang Tzu‐man , Locke Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFutures floor dealers are investigated in terms of their joint product of price discovery. A vector error correction model is estimated using floor trader proprietary prices, examining the resulting information shares and common factor components. More active dealers are significant price leaders, with only one fifth of the traders responsible for a significantly higher degree of price discovery. Price leadership is more significant in both volatile and falling markets, when information is perhaps more valuable. It is also found that the most active floor traders generally trade at the same time and in the same direction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28: 131–154, 2008
Multi‐period hedge ratios for a multi‐asset portfolio when accounting for returns co‐movement
Authors: Fernandez Viviana 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study presents a model to select the optimal hedge ratios of a portfolio composed of an arbitrary number of commodities. In particular, returns dependency and heterogeneous investment horizons are accounted for by copulas and wavelets, respectively. A portfolio of London Metal Exchange metals is analyzed for the period July 1993–December 2005, and it is concluded that neglecting cross correlations leads to biased estimates of the optimal hedge ratios and the degree of hedge effectiveness. Furthermore, when compared with a multivariate‐GARCH specification, our methodology yields higher hedge effectiveness for the raw returns and their short‐term components. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:182–207, 2008
NMR‐Solution Structures of Fluoro‐Substituted β‐Peptides: A 314‐Helix and a Hairpin Turn. The First Case of a 90° OCCF Dihedral Angle in an α‐Fluoro‐Amide Group
Authors: Mathad Raveendra I. , Jaun Bernhard , Flögel Oliver , Gardiner James , Löweneck Markus , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Seeberger Peter H. , Seebach Dieter , Edmonds Michael K. , Graichen Florian H. M. , Abell Andrew D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo further study the preference of the antiperiplanar (ap) conformation in α‐fluoro‐amide groups, two β‐peptides, 1 and 2, containing a (2‐F)‐β3hAla and a (2‐F)‐β2hPhe residue, have been synthesized. Their NMR‐solution structures in CD3OH were determined and compared with those of non‐F‐substituted analogs, 3 and 4a. While we have found in a previous investigation (Helv. Chim. Acta 2005, 88, 266) that a stereospecifically introduced F‐substituent in the central position of a β‐heptapeptide is capable of ‘breaking’ the 314‐helical structure by enforcing the FCCO ap‐conformation, we could now demonstrate that the same procedure leads to a structure with the unfavorable ca. 90° FCCO dihedral angle, enforced by the 314‐helical folding in a β‐tridecapeptide (cf. 1; Fig. 4). This is interpreted as a consequence of cooperative folding in the longer β‐peptide. A F‐substituent placed in the turn section of a β‐peptidic hairpin turn was shown to be in an ap‐arrangement with respect to the neighboring CO bond (cf. 2; Fig. 7). Analysis of the non‐F‐substituted β‐tetrapeptides (with helix‐preventing configurations of the two central β2/β3‐amino acid residues) provides unusually tight hairpin structural clusters (cf. 3 and 4a; Figs. 8 and 9). The skeleton of the β‐tetrapeptide H‐(R)β3hVal‐(R)β2hVal‐(R)β3hAla‐(S)β3hPhe‐OH (4a) is proposed as a novel, very simple backbone structure for mimicking α‐peptidic hairpin turns.