bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARE IMMUNOSUPPRESSED KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS PHOTOSENSITIVE?
Authors: Kelly G. , Sheil A.G.R. , White A.S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe erythemal response of skin to an ultraviolet light source (290–420nm) was measured in control subjects and kindney transplant recipients treated with azathioprine/prednisone or with cyclosporine A/prednisone. There was no difference in the mean minima erythemal dose between the three groups. It is concluded that kidney transplant recipients receiving either form of immunosuppressive drug therapy are not photosensitized to a degree which is clinically detectable.
IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: STUDIES AND HYPOTHESIS
Authors: Beran D. , Kossard S. , Freeman S. , Vasak E. , Paver K. , Penny R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to correlate blood and skin findings with respect to analysis of immunoregulatory T cells in 18 patients with severe atopic dermatitis.Circulating T lymphocytes were characterised by flow cytometry, and in situ infiltrates of acute skin lesions identified by the immunoperoxidase technique. Analysis of peripheral blood T lymphocyte sub‐sets failed to reveal any difference from normal controls. Skin infiltrates were strongly positive for T11 – the pan T lymphocyte marker. The majority of these cells both in the dermis and epidermis were of the T4 helper‐inducer sub‐set, while a smaller proportion of cells were of the T8 suppressor‐ cytotoxic T cell sub‐set. T6 positive Langerhans cells were markedly increased in the dermis of affected skin, compared with normal skin.The finding of increased numbers of helper‐inducer T lymphocytes' in association with increased numbers of Langerhans cells, which function as antigen presenting cells, suggests a strong immunological mechanism in disease pathogenesis, and may yield knowledge both with respect to origin of skin damage and elevation of IgE.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS IN ICHTHYOSIS SECONDARY TO SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Heng Madalene C. Y. , Chan Carol , Kloss Suni G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAcquired ichthyosis has been associated with a number of benign and malignant infiltrative lesions. However, the mechanisms responsible for this clinical lesion remain unknown. We report electron microscopic changes in two patients, which may help to clarify this subject.
SQUAMOUS CARCINOMAS DEVELOPING IN BILATERAL LESIONS OF NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA
Authors: Kossard Steven , Collins Eileen , Wargon Orli , Downie David 
Published: June 2007

SummarySquamous cell carcinomas developed in bilateral pretibial lesions of necrobiosis lipoidica in a 39 year old non‐diabetic male. The tumours and areas of necrobiosis were successfully excised and repaired with full thickness skin grafts. Despite the chronic scarring and at times ulcerative nature of necrobiosis lipoidica, complicating squamous cell carcinomas have infrequently been reported.
IMIDAZOLIDINYL UREA (GERMALL 115) CAUSING COSMETIC DERMATITIS
Authors: O'Brien T J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryImidazolidinyl urea is a preservative used commonly in cosmetics. Although there have been few reports of contact sensitivity, it does seem to be an important contact allergen. Sensitivity should be considered in any woman with dermatitis of the face.
DERMATOMYOSITIS AND POLYMYOSITIS UPDATE ON CURRENT CONTROVERSIES
Authors: Callen Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPolymyositis and dermatomyositis are syndromes of unknown aetiology which are systemic in their nature involving prominent skin disease and prominent muscle disease. Classification is important particularly since dermatomyositis may be associated with malignancy more frequently than polymyositis, and certain subsets such as overlap syndromes less frequently harbour malignancy. Poor prognosic signs include pulmonary disease, the presence of malignancy, the severity of the weakness, and the presence of oesophageal disease. Therapy with corticosteroids is generally effective. In those patients who develop steroid side effects, immunosuppressive agents may be of use. Cutaneous disease may be controlled with hydroxychloroquine therapy.
CONTRACEPTION AND THE SKIN
Authors: Kovacs Gabor , Marks Robin 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe use of contraceptives gives rise to numerous skin diseases. Like all drugs, oral contraceptives seem capable of producing almost any skin problems, some being more common than others. Oral contraceptives also have the potential to improve some diseases including acne and hirsutism.Skin disease associated with mechanical or barrier contraceptives is infrequent. Allergies to rubber condoms and/or diaphragms have been reported, as have a variety of skin changes possibly related to copper in medicated intrauterine contraceptive devices.
MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS INFECTION IN VICTORIA: CELEBRATION OF A GOLDEN JUBILEE?
Authors: Hayman John 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMycobacterium ulcerans infection was first described in 1948 as a clinical entity in six patients from Victoria, Australia. Since that time the disease has been described in at least 25 areas throughout the world, and the disease may be regarded as the third most important mycobacterial disease of man. Some thirty further cases are known to have occurred in Victoria, and the features of these cases together with a review of the original six are presented in this paper. An explanation is proposed for the distribution of the disease and the pathogenesis of the infection.
SKIN SIGNS OF INTERNAL MALIGNANCY
Authors: Callen Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn order to analyze those diseases which are presumed to be markers of internal malignancy we must use a uniform set of criteria which reliably predict the presence of malignancy. This paper will define and stress these criteria as they apply to skin disease. The criteria were suggested by the late Dr Helen Curth, and are as follows: concurrent onset —when the skin disease occurs it is possible to discover the cancer; parallel course —treatment of the malignancy results in a change in the cutaneous disease: recurrence of cancer leads to re‐appearance or exacerbation of the skin disease; uniform malignancy—the skin disease is associated with a specific site or type of cancer: statistical association —demonstrated by valid analysis; and genetic association — the cancer and associated symptoms and signs occur as an inherited trait. In addition to discussing these criteria, we will also analyze the necessary evaluation of the patient for cancer.
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS TO MACE TEAR GAS
Authors: Goh C. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryContact allergy to tear gas among law enforcement personnel is uncommon. This report records a prison warder who developed allergic contact dermatitis to a tear gas, mace. The dermatitis developed on the abdomen and chest where he carried the tear gas canister. Mace appears to be a potent sensitiser as contact allergy developed rapidly following brief exposure in this patient.
CUTANEOUS HEPARIN NECROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Jones Bernard. F. , Epstein Martin. T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCutaneous heparin necrosis was complicated by glomerulonepbritis, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. Despite spontaneous resolution of skin lesions, glomerulonephritis progressed and was treated witb cyclophosphamide and prednisone with a good response. Glomerulonephritis complicating anticoagulant induced skin necrosis bas not been described previously, and may be due to vasculitis. Routine monitoring of renal function in this condition may reveal further cases.
TREATMENT OF PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR: COMPARISON OF SULCONAZOLE NITRATE 1% SOLUTION AND CLOTRIMAZOLE 1% SOLUTION
Authors: Tham S. N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTreatment with topical sulconazole nitrate 1% solution once daily was compared with topical clotrimazole 1% solution twice daily for three weeks in patients with pityriasis versicolor. Both groups showed significant improvement judged by medical and patient evaluation. After six weeks clinical improvement was maintained in the majority of patients and negative microscopy was maintained in 79% and 92% of those using sulconazole and clotrimazole, respectively. Sulconazole applied once each day appears to be equivalent in efficacy and safety to clotrimazole applied twice daily.
ACROCHORDON: A CUTANEOUS SIGN OF CARBOHYDRATE INTOLERANCE
Authors: Agarwal Jugal K. , Nigam Pramod K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOral glucose tolerance studies were carried out In 118 non‐hospitalised patients with acrochordon. 36 (30.5%) patients had overt diabetes mellitus while impaired glucose tolerance was observed in 12 (10.1%) cases. There was no distinct correlation between the localisation, size, colour and number of the skin tags with glucose intolerance.
HOW MANY DERMATOLOGISTS?– 1973 REVISITED
Authors: Taft Eric H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWithin the broad criteria of the current private practice fee‐for‐service medical system, the present paper attempts to produce definitive concepts for dermatological training posts and numbers within Australia. The suggested dermatologist: population ratio of 1:80,000, adopted as a guideline in 1973, was based upon our own experience, together with comparative figures from other countries with similar economic systems and standards. Experience since that time suggests that this recommended ratio may already need upward revision.The present pattern of full‐time training, usually undertaken in the first five years after graduation, can result in inordinate difficulties for females – a steadily increasing proportion of medical graduates. Together with the possible reduction in governmental funding of training posts, there would seem to be an urgent need for introducing flexibility into the current training programme including the acceptable alternatives of a greater component of accredited overseas training and the establishment of part‐time and shared training posts.
HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME WITH CUTANEOUS BLISTERS AND BOWEL NECROSIS
Authors: Parker Colin J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA 44 year old man presented with a bullous eruption associated with gross eosinophilia. Before effective treatment was instituted he developed abdominal pain and subsequently extensive bowel necrosis. The criteria for hypereosinophilic syndrome were met by persistent eosinophilia without an established cause, in association with multiple organ system involvement.
PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA WITH NORMAL INTELLIGENCE IN TYROSINAEMIA II
Authors: Danks David M. , Callan Noel J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA patient with tyrosinaemia type II presented early in childhood with palmoplantar keratoderma and interstitial keratitis. Diagnosis of the metabolic defect and dietary treatment led to prompt resolution of all lesions and she is now well and mentally normal at 21 years. The fact that mental retardation is not a constant, or even frequent, feature of this condition is emphasized.
TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS WITH 6‐THIOGUANINE
Authors: Zackheim Herschel S. , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFifty‐four patients with Psoriasis were treated with the antimetabolite, 6‐thioguanine (TG). Three were early drop‐outs due to side effects. Of 48 evaluable patients with plaque‐type lesions, mostly extensive, 79% achieved over 75% improvement as an initial response, 8% had over 50% improvement and 13% had less than 50% improvement. 65% retained at least 50% improvement in follow‐up periods of up to 21 years, median 13 months. Two of three patients with palmar‐plantar pustular psoriasis had over 50% improvement. Myelosuppression was the most common side effect, occurring in 57% of the patients. One woman experienced pancytopenia from which she recovered. One man developed an acute, short‐lived hepatitis. In general, TG was better tolerated than methotrexate (MTX) and was more effective than MTX in the majority of patients who had changed from MTX due to inadequate response or side effects. TG should be considered as an alternative therapy for MTX, retinoids, or PUVA failures or exclusions.
ACRODERMATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ZINC DEFICIENCY: FEATURES AND POSTULATED MECHANISM
Authors: Heng Madalene C Y , Allen Suni G , Heng Siang Yang , Wasserman Ronald , Nelson Greg Jon , Song Moon K 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIt is currently unexplained why zinc deficiency should result in a cutaneous eruption of such a distinctive and characteristic distribution (acrodermatitis), affecting the groin, periorificial surfaces and periungual areas of fingers and toes. In this study, we provide ultrastructural evidence suggestive of excessive damage of the epidermis by neutrophils, with other features resembling tissue damage from free radicals. We propose that these changes are consistent with a deficiency of superoxide dismutase, a zinc metalloenzyme, which is mainly responsible for neutralizing the destructive effects of the reactive oxygen species released by neutrophils. The various zymosans on many yeast cells, including Candida, activate complement, resulting in the generation of C5a, a potent chemattractant for neutrophils, and the location of the eruption in the characteristic sites in zinc deficiency may be explained by the natural occurrence of Candida albicans in these areas.
CLINICAL TRIAL OF EGOCORT 1% CREAM
Authors: Nagreh Dauit S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA double blind clinical trial was conducted with Egocort 1% Cream and plain aqueous cream applied to each half of the body in ten patients with eczema. The patients were assessed for erythema, papules, vesicles, scaling and pruritus at the beginning of treatment, after 7‐14 days and again after a further 7‐14 days.The results show that Egocort 1% Cream is more effective in treating eczema than plain aqueous cream. The preparation was found pleasant to use and no side‐effects were noted.
UNILATERAL FACIAL ACTINIC ELASTOTIC PLAQUE‐A NEW CLINICAL VARIANT OF ACTINIC ELASTOSIS
Authors: Wittal Richard A. , Georgouras Katherine E. , Baird Phillip J. , Cleary Edward G. , Henderson Marilyn 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe case is reported of an 82‐year old woman with a four month history of an erythematous indurated plaque on the left cheek. Light and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of solar elastosis alone. We believe that this is a new clinical variant of solar elastosis.The spectrum of cutaneous actinic damage is reviewed.
NECROBIOTIC PERNIO
Authors: Scurry James P. , Cowen Peter S.J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA 21 year old man complained of pain and burning sensation on the helices of both ears, precipitated by cold weather. Examination showed tender erythematous nodules. Biopsies of both ears showed the characteristic vascular and inflammatory changes of pernio. In addition, in the left ear, there were foci of necrotic collagen surrounded by palisaded histiocytes. The presence of necrobiosis in pernio has not been reported previously. In this case, necrobiosis would appear to have a vascular basis.
A FIVE YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PEMPHIGUS AND PEMPHIGOID
Authors: Kyriakis K. , Tosca A. , Lehou J. , Hatzis J. , Vareltzidis A , Stratigos J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn a five year period 73 cases of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and 94 of bullous pemphigoid (BP) were studied to investigate important parameters for these diseases. From the results it was found that the incidence of PV was higher in women whereas that of BP was almost equal in both sexes. The incidence of PV was highest in the sixth decade but was highest in the eighth decade for BP.Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was more sensitive in PV whereas direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was more sensitive in BP. The present study provides a basis for comparison with results of previous or future studies in Greek and other populations.
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS DUE TO PHIALOPHORA RICHARDSIAE
Authors: Tam Margaret , Freeman Susanne 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPhaeohyphomycosis, an infection characterised by dematiaceous yeast‐like cells, hyphae and pseudohyphae in tissue, is an uncommon condition, often affecting immunosuppressed patients. A sixty four year old boat‐builder, receiving treatment with prednisone and azathioprine developed multiple cutaneous nodules on the extremities. Histology showed a mixed dermal inflammatory infiltrate with scattered spores and hyphae. Culture revealed two organisms, Phialophora richardsiae and Exophiala jeanselmei. Fluorocytosine was initially given but the organism was found to be resistant. Since side effects have been associated with long term ketoconazole therapy, a less toxic and more potent triazole compound, itraconazole, was used. After three months, the lesions had completely resolved without adverse clinical or biochemical changes.
UNILESIONAL MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES: CLINICAL, MICROSCOPIC AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES
Authors: Oliver G. Fergus , Winkelmann R.K. , Banks Peter M. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySeven cases are reviewed in which the histologic and immunohistologic features were those of mycosis fungoides, although the patients presented with solitary lesions which did not recur after local therapy (excision in six, radiotherapy in one), with follow‐up of 10 months to 18 years. Immunophenotypic staining of paraffin‐embedded tissue revealed a predominant T‐lymphocyte proliferation in all cases, with a t‐helper proliferation confirmed by immunostaining of frozen tissue in three cases. None of the four cases studied for BER‐H2(Ki‐1) were positive, in contrast to the “activated” types of spontaneously regressing lymphoid lesions, lymphomatoid papulosis and “Ki‐1” lymphoma. Electron microscopy in one case demonstrated the highly convoluted nuclei of the T cells within the infiltrate. These seven cases represent examples of unilesional mycosis fungoides in which the disease has not recurred after therapy, despite features indistinguishable from those of typical generalised mycosis fungoides‐type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma.
PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA WITH CUTANEOUS “SCLERODERMA” AND CALCIFICATION
Authors: Wilson Perry R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn unusual case of porphria cutanea tarda (PCT) with sclerodermoid changes is reported. This case is remarkable for the extent of sclerodermoid changes and the presence of gross dystrophic calcification and ulceration in the sclerotic areas. The pathogenesis of this condition is discussed.
INFANTILE ACROPUSTULOSIS
Authors: Palungwachira Piti 
Published: June 2007

SummaryInfantile acropustulosis (IA) is a well‐recognised syndrome described primarily among black male infants, which may also occur among white and East Asian children. The eruption occurs mainly on the distal areas of the extremities and is characterised by recurrent crops of 1 to 2 mm pruritic papules and pustules in infants from 2 to 10 months of age. We report one patient with infantile acropustulosis and a history of atopic dermatitis and abnormally high IgE serum value. Immunofluorescent studies of involved skin gave negative results. Infantile acropustulosis has been reported by several authors within recent years1,5The clinical and histological features and differential diagnosis of infantile acropustulosis are discussed. This disease is uncommon but not rare, and persists for about two years.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE ATOPIC ECZEMA PATIENT
Authors: White Angela , Horne David J. De L. , Varigos George A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA survey of 40 patients with long‐standing atopic eczema was carried out to test for the presence of certain psychological traits which had been reported in studies in earlier decades. A series of standardised personality tests was administered to these patients and the results compared with the findings for a normal group for each test. It was demonstrated that atopic eczema patients do have significantly high levels of anxiety and problems in dealing with anger and hostility. Whether such findings make any contribution to understanding the aetiology of this disorder is debatable, but they do have implications for treatment and management, and some of these are discussed.
PROLIFERATION OF HIV IN LYMPHOCYTE – ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES WITH CYTOPATHIC CHANGES IN AIDS ERYTHRODERMA.
Authors: Heng Madalene C.Y. , Lambertus Mark , Goetz Matthew B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLatency of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been demonstrated in both helper T‐Lymphocytes and cells of the macrophage/monocyte series. Although mitogendependent amplification of HIV infection within lymphocytes and monocytes/ macrophages has been demonstrated to occur in vitro, in vivo evidence of such a phenomenon has been lacking. We have performed electron microscopic and immunocytochemical evaluation of skin biopsies from a patient with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) with chronic erythroderma. These biopsies provided evidence of proliferation of HIV in macrophages interacting with activated lymphocytes (CD3+). These macrophages were undergoing morphologic changes characteristic of cytopathicity and contained numerous viral particles, many of which were actively budding from plasma membranes. Cutaneous macrophages which were not interacting with lymphocytes did not demonstrate cytopathicity or evidence of viral multiplication. These in vivo data substantiate the concept that activation of cells which harbour latent HIV promotes viral replication as well as subsequent cytopathicity.
KAWASAKI SYNDROME
Authors: Esterly Nancy B. , Wortmann Dorothy W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryKawasaki syndrome is an acute multisystem inflammatory disease of young children first described by Tomasaku Kawasaki in the Japanese literature in 19671 He reported 50 cases of this entity under the rubric of acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, a designation that has more recently been superseded by the eponym Kawasaki syndrome. The disorder was further delineated and brought to the attention of American pediatricians in 19742. Recognition of the syndrome followed rapidly, and Melish, Hicks and Larson published the first series of American cases from Hawaii in 19763. Subsequently, Kawasaki syndrome has been documented worldwide. Although the disorder is known to be a systemic vasculitis with predilection for the coronary arteries, the etiology has remained obscure despite intense investigative efforts.
RETINOID‐INDUCED HAEMORRHAGIC BULLAE IN DARIER'S DISEASE
Authors: Gebauer K. , Holgate C. , Navaratnam A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHaemorrhagic epidermal bullae developed in a patient with Darier's disease undergoing long term treatment with the retinoid, etretinate. We suggest that these lesions result from cumulative toxic effects of long term retinoid therapy upon the abnormal keratinocyte found in Darier's disease.
EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET'S DISEASE AND PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
Authors: Gudmundsen Ken J. , Smith James M. , Dervan Peter A. , Powell Frank C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA patient with perianal extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) occuring simultaneously with prostatic adenocarcinoma is presented. Four previously reported cases of genital EMPD associated with prostatic carcinoma are reviewed. The use of immunohistologic techniques to help establish the diagnosis in some cases, and the relationship of EMPD to underlying adenocarcinoma of sweat glands and of the lower urinary and gastrointestinal tracts is discussed. The importance of a directed search for internal malignancy in the individual patient with EMPD is emphasised.