bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Effects of Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Glycosylation on Homophilic Adhesion and Adenoviral Infection
Authors: Excoffon Katherine J. D. Ashbourne , Gansemer Nicholas , Traver Geri , Zabner Joseph 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is both a viral receptor and homophilic adhesion protein. The extracellular portion of CAR consists of two immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, each with a consensus sequence for N-glycosylation. We used chemical, genetic, and biochemical studies to show that both sites are glycosylated and contribute to the function of CAR. Although the glycosylation of CAR does not alter cell surface levels or junctional localization, it affects both adhesion and adenovirus infection in unique ways. CAR-mediated adhesion appears to require at least one site of glycosylation since cells expressing CAR without glycosylation do not cluster with each other. In contrast, glycosylation of the Ig-like domain proximal to the membrane is key to the cooperative behavior of adenovirus binding and infection. Contrary to the hypothesis that cooperativity improves viral infection, our data show that although glycosylation of the D2 domain is required for adenovirus cooperative binding, it has a negative consequence upon infection. This is the first report dissecting the adhesion and receptor activities of CAR, revealing that factors other than the binding interface play a significant role in the function of CAR. These data have important implications for both cancers with altered glycosylation states and cancer treatments using oncolytic adenovirus.
Function of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Bundles during in Vivo Knee Flexion
Authors: Papannagari Ramprasad , DeFrate Louis E. , Nha Kyung W. , Moses Jeremy M. , Moussa Mohamed , Gill Thomas J. , Guoan Li 
Published: March 2007

Background The biomechanical functions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament over the range of flexion of the knee joint remain unclear. Hypothesis The posterior cruciate ligament bundles have minimal length at low flexion angles and maximal length at high flexion angles. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Seven knees from normal, healthy subjects were scanned with magnetic resonance, and 3-dimensional models of the femur, tibia, and posterior cruciate ligament attachment sites were created. The lines connecting the centroids of the corresponding bundle attachment sites on the femur and tibia represented the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament. Each knee was imaged during weightbearing flexion (from 0° to maximal flexion) using a dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic system. The length, elevation, deviation, and twist of the posterior cruciate ligament bundles were measured as a function of flexion. Results The lengths of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles increased with flexion from 0° to 120° and decreased beyond 120° of flexion. The posteromedial bundle had a lower elevation angle than the anterolateral bundle beyond 60° of flexion. The anterolateral bundle had a larger deviation angle than the posteromedial bundle beyond 75° of flexion. The femoral attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament twisted externally with increasing flexion and reached a maximum of 86.4° ± 14.7° at 135° of flexion (P < .05). Conclusion These data suggest that there is no reciprocal function of the bundles with flexion, which is contrary to previous findings. The orientation of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles suggests that at high flexion, the anterolateral bundle might play an important role in constraining the mediolateral translation, whereas the posteromedial bundle might play an important role in constraining the anteroposterior translation of the tibia. Clinical Relevance These data provide a better understanding of the biomechanical function of the posterior cruciate ligament bundles and may help to improve the design of the 2-bundle reconstruction techniques of the ruptured posterior cruciate ligament.
Solvent-free Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Thiols to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Ishino Takeru , Oriyama Takeshi 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A highly enantioselective asymmetric conjugate addition of thiols to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been achieved catalyzed by newly designed organocatalyst without solvent.
A comparison of direct and spontaneous methods for assessing parental attributions
Authors: Wilson Charlotte , Calam Rachel , White Caroline 
Published: March 2007

Objectives The study aim was to test whether spontaneous parental attributions were more closely related to parental attributions reported after a third child non‐compliance, than to those reported after the first non‐compliance.Methods Twenty‐six parents completed two attributional measures. Direct attributions were measured using Dopke and Milner's procedure where a vignette describing child non‐compliance is presented three times and attributions elicited after the first and third non‐compliance. Spontaneous attributions were elicited during interview and coded using the Leeds Attributional Coding System.Results Spontaneous attributions were no more associated with parental attributions after the third child non‐compliance than with those reported after the first.Conclusion The results suggest that the measures may be assessing different aspects of parental cognition.
Die Beteiligung des Garanten am Rechtsgutsangriff: Zur Abgrenzung von Täterschaft und Beihilfe durch Unterlassen
Authors: Hoffmann-Holland Klaus 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

I. Problemstellung

Können ein bestimmter Gesichtsausdruck oder allgemein die Belustigung einer Person darüber, dass ein anderer eine Straftat begeht, den Unterschied zwischen Täterschaft und Teilnahme begründen? Dies mag zunächst fernliegend erscheinen, da zwar die Belohnung und Billigung von Straftaten gemäß § 140 StGB im Besonderen Teil des Strafrechts zu finden ist, nicht jedoch die allgemeine Unterscheidung von Täterschaft und Teilnahme damit verbunden wird. Und doch vermittelt eine Entscheidung des 5. Strafsenates des Bundesgerichtshofs aus dem Jahr 1966 zu einer solchen Abgrenzungsfrage gerade diesen Eindruck. Die Frage, der im Folgenden nachzugehen ist, lautet: Wie ist die Beteiligungsform – Täterschaft oder Beihilfe – zu bestimmen, wenn ein Garant das täterschaftliche Begehungsunrecht eines Dritten nicht verhindert?
Aphanomyces invadans and Ulcerative Mycosis in Estuarine and Freshwater Fish in Florida
Authors: Sosa Emilio R. , Landsberg Jan H. , Stephenson Christy M. , Forstchen Ann B. , Vandersea Mark W. , Litaker R. Wayne 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the spring of 1998, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute received numerous reports of lesioned or ulcerated fish primarily from the St. Lucie Estuary on the southeast coast of Florida, an area known since the late 1970s for lesions of the ulcerative mycosis (UM) type. From these and archived reports, as well as others received from different areas of Florida, we documented that diseased specimens had randomly distributed skin ulcers (usually reddened or hemorrhagic) with raised irregular margins and, in some cases, deeply penetrating hyphae in the surrounding muscle tissue. Since 1998, 256 fish (comprising 18 species) with ulcerative lesions (from 15 different locations) were confirmed with hyphae in fresh squash preparation or by histological evaluation. Squash preparations revealed nonseptate, sparsely branching, thick-walled hyphae; histological sections revealed mycotic granulomas in the dermis that occasionally penetrated into the skeletal muscle. These pathological characteristics were consistent with UM caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces invadans in Southeast Asia, Japan, Australia, and the United States. For specific identification, six isolates from ulcerated fish were cultured and prepared for molecular characterization using established diagnostic methods. Ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis identified three isolates as Aphanomyces invadans, one as the oomycete Achlya bisexualis, and two as the ascomycete Phialemonium dimorphosporum. A more extensive survey of 67 ulcerated skin samples from fish collected between 1998 and 2003 was performed using a polymerase chain reaction assay specific for Aphanomyces invadans. Of these, 26 (38.8%) samples from seven fish species and nine collection locations were positive. Confirmation of UM associated with Aphanomyces invadans represents new host records in Florida for the sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus, striped mullet Mugil cephalus, white mullet Mugil curema, silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura, black drum Pogonias cromis, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and American shad Alosa sapidissima.
Pathogenicity Studies with the Fungi Aphanomyces invadans, Achlya bisexualis, and Phialemonium dimorphosporum: Induction of Skin Ulcers in Striped Mullet
Authors: Sosa Emilio R. , Landsberg Jan H. , Kiryu Yasunari , Stephenson Christy M. , Cody Theresa T. , Dukeman Angela K. , Wolfe Heather P. , Vandersea Mark W. , Litaker R. Wayne 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Based on isolations from naturally infected fish in Florida, we investigated the role of the fungi Aphanomyces invadans, Achlya bisexualis, and Phialemonium dimorphosporum in the etiology of ulcerative mycosis (UM) in striped mullet Mugil cephalus. We injected healthy striped mullet subcutaneously with secondary zoospores of four oomycete isolates: two concentrations (50 and 115 zoospores/mL) of SJR (an endemic isolate of Aphanomyces invadans in American shad Alosa sapidissima from the St. Johns River); two concentrations each of CAL (25 and 65 zoospores/mL) and ACH (1,400 and 2,000 zoospores/mL; endemic isolates of Aphanomyces invadans and Achlya bisexualis, respectively, in striped mullet from the Caloosahatchee River); and two concentrations of the ascomycete culture MTZ (2,500 and 3,500 zoospores/mL; endemic isolate of P. dimorphosporum from whirligig mullet M. gyrans in the Matanzas Inlet). All fish injected with either concentration of SJR developed granulomatous ulcers after 8 d and died within 21 d. Eighty percent (8/10) of fish injected with the high dose of CAL developed ulcers after 13 d and died within 28 d, but only 30% (3/10) of fish injected with the low dose of CAL developed ulcers. Four of the ulcerated fish died within 28 d, and the remaining fish were terminated after 32 d. Fish injected with zoospores of Aphanomyces invadans developed ulcers that were grossly and histologically similar to those observed in naturally infected striped mullet with UM from several estuaries or rivers in Florida. These hemorrhagic skin ulcers were characterized by myonecrosis and the presence of mycotic granulomas. None of the fish injected with ACH, MTZ, or sterile water developed ulcers. This study fulfilled Koch's postulates and demonstrated that ulcers could be experimentally induced in striped mullet after exposure via injection to secondary zoospores of an endemic Florida strain of Aphanomyces invadans.
The Effects of Five Different Glycans on Innate Immune Responses by Phagocytes of Hybrid Tilapia and Japanese Eels Anguilla japonica
Authors: Wang Way-Shyan , Hung Shao-Wen , Lin Yu-Hsing , Tu Ching-Yu , Wong Min-Liang , Chiou Shiow-Her , Shieh Meng-Tong 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses in hybrid tilapia (Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × Mozambique tilapia O. mossambicus) and Japanese eels Anguilla japonica after treatment with five glycans: barley, krestin, MacroGard, scleroglucan, and zymosan. The effects of the glycans on the innate immune responses of the fish were investigated using the phagocytic index (PI), lysozyme activity, complement opsonization, and activation assay. The results of the lysozyme assay demonstrated that the lysozyme activities increased after treatment with glycans. Moreover, based on the PI, treatment with each of the five glycans resulted in increased phagocytic activities in anterior kidney and peripheral blood phagocytes in both tilapia and Japanese eels. The opsonic effect of complement on phagocytosis in tilapia and Japanese eels were investigated using baker's yeast, which served as the activator in the classical complement pathway (CCP) and in the alternative complement pathway (ACP). Tilapia and Japanese eel sera that were treated with glycans greatly enhanced phagocytosis. The classical pathway–hemolytic complement titer (CH50) of Japanese eels treated with glycans was slightly increased in vitro and in vivo. While glycan treatment enhanced the CCP of both species in vitro and in vivo, the alternative pathway–hemolytic complement titer (ACH50) was only increased in vitro and in vivo in glycan-treated tilapia. Thus, it follows that the ACP must have been activated in tilapia treated with glycans. However, in Japanese eels, the ACH50 of the ACP activation assay was undetected in vitro or in vivo due to possible unknown factors in the Japanese eel serum that caused lysis of the rabbit red blood cells. Our study investigated the effects of glycans used to enhance phagocytosis and activate both of the complement pathways involved in stimulating the innate immune responses of Japanese eels and tilapia.
A Piscirickettsiosis-like Syndrome in Cultured Nile Tilapia in Latin America with Francisella spp. as the Pathogenic Agent
Authors: Mauel M. J. , Soto E. , Moralis J. A. , Hawke J. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 2004, cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in several Latin America farms began to succumb to a disease similar to the piscirickettsiosis-like syndrome previously reported in tilapia in Taiwan and the United States. Mortality increased during 2005; reductions in tilapia biomass ranged from 5% to 80% in individual ponds and averaged 50% overall. All ages of fish have been involved. Clinical signs include lethargy, loss of appetite, petechia, exophthalmia, and abnormal swimming behavior. Gross lesions have included splenomegaly, renomegaly, and numerous white nodules observed in the spleen, kidney, testes, heart, ovaries, and occasionally the liver. A previously unreported black granulomatous lesion was reported in up to 30% of the fillets. Histologically, granulomatous infiltrates were observed in the kidney, spleen, liver, testes, ovary, and choroid gland, and rarely in the brain and heart. A small pleomorphic bacterium was observed in Giemsa-stained blood smears and spleen imprints. The bacterium did not grow on standard microbiological media and has not been isolated in cell culture. We obtained a near-complete 16S ribosomal DNA sequence with high similarity to Francisella spp. sequences previously identified in tilapias Oreochromis spp. (Taiwan), Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Norway), and three-line grunts Parapristipoma trilineatum (Japan).
Close Encounters with a Fish Screen II: Delta Smelt Behavior Before and During Screen Contact
Authors: White David K. , Swanson Christina , Young Paciencia S. , Cech Joseph J. , Chen Zhi Qiang , Kavvas M. Levent 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFish screens reduce entrainment losses of fish at water diversions, but little is known about the behavior of individual fish near these structures, including the likelihood, consequences, and mechanics of involuntary screen contact. Recent studies using a large, laboratory‐based flume, the Fish Treadmill, have shown that such contact can result in injury, stress, and mortality. We investigated key aspects of screen contact events using videotape records of Fish Treadmill experiments. We quantitatively described precontact behavior, impact velocity and angle, contact duration, distance traveled, and velocity of delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus while in contact with the screen, and related these responses to postexperiment injuries and mortality. Immediately prior to contact, delta smelt generally exhibited positive rheotaxis and moderate swimming velocity (mean ± SD = 20.2 ± 9.7 cm/s). Most fish impacted the screen broadside (within 40° of parallel to the screen) and tail first. Impact velocity generally increased as water velocity increased; however, at water velocities greater than 25 cm/s, impact velocity decreased with increases in fish swimming velocity and was less than the water velocity measured near the screen. Mean contact duration was short (<1 s) and decreased with increasing water velocity. Distance traveled in contact with the screen was not related to flow, but the velocity at which fish were dragged along the screen surface increased with increases in water velocity. Only impact velocity affected injury rates and severity; injuries increased with increases in the velocity of the flow vector normal to the screen (approach velocity). Combined with previous Fish Treadmill results for delta smelt and other species, these findings suggest a mechanism for screen contact‐ and flow‐related injuries and mortality, provide additional support for fish screen criteria designed to limit screen contacts, and demonstrate the value of experimental approaches that integrate hydraulic design with physiological and behavioral responses of fish.
Synthesis and characterization of azo‐based methacrylate polymers with methoxy and nitro end groups for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Sadagopan K. , Rekha A. S. , Ratna D. , Samui A. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne new and three already described azobased methacrylate monomers with methoxy and nitro end groups and spacer length 2 and 6 were synthesized. These monomers were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and the monomers as well as copolymers were characterized by classical spectroscopy techniques (FTIR, NMR, and UV‐VIS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental analysis and thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). The glass transition temperature of the polymers was found to be above room temperature and thermal decomposition temperatures above 100°C. All the polymers were amorphous in nature and formed excellent homogeneous films with good optical transparency. The polymer films coated on indium tin oxide glass slides were poled and their order parameters were calculated to check the stability of oriented dipoles. Few samples were also studied for their second harmonic generation properties. Temporal stability, checked up to 120 h at room temperature, was found to be quite satisfactory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3497–3504, 2007
Preparation, morphology, and properties of polyurethane–urea elastomers derived from sulphone‐containing aromatic diamine
Authors: Qin XiuMin , Xiong JiaWen , Yang XiaoHui , Wang XinLing , Zheng Zhen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn aromatic diamine containing both sulfone and diphenyl ether groups, bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, was synthesized in a two‐step way, whose structure was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. Then, the obtained BAPS was used as the chain‐extender to prepare a polyurethane–urea elastomer, whose morphology, thermal stability and mechanical properties were examined by means of attenuated total reflection, DSC, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and stress–strain measurements. The results showed that the PUU elastomer based on BAPS showed good heat‐resistance and mechanical properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3554–3561, 2007
Die Individualisierung des Hermaphroditen in Medizin und Naturgeschichte des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Krämer Fabian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Individualisation of Hermaphrodites in Seventeenth Century Medicine and Natural History. – Certain significant changes in the way in which human hermaphrodites were depicted and described in scientific texts occurred over the course of the seventeenth century: Around 1600, short notes about hermaphroditic individuals, and pictures thereof, circulated widely, between both erudite texts and more popular text genres such as the broadside or the Prodigy book, amongst others. They were usually rather short and, due to conventions that reached back over centuries, very similar in style. In contrast, articles published mostly by medical men in the new learned journals, between 1670 and 1710, typically provided the reader with a very precise description of an hermaphrodite who had been examined by the respective author. Both verbal descriptions and pictures now seem to be less constricted by convention and are more specific. Above all, they individualise the examined hermaphrodite: much biographical and anatomical detail renders the person in question as more than another example of a type shaped by learned tradition. The article shows how more general developments of the sciences led to this remarkable change.
BaY2Si3O10: A New Flux‐Grown Trisilicate.
Authors: Kolitsch Uwe , Wierzbicka Maria , Tillmanns Ekkehart 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Synthetic Lindgrenite, Cu3(OH)2(MoO4)2.
Authors: Vilminot Serge , Andre Gilles , Richard‐Plouet Mireille , Bouree‐Vigneron Francoise , Kurmoo Mohamedally 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Structure Determination of K6(SeO4)(SeO5), the First Potassium Orthoselenate(VI).
Authors: Orosel Denis , Dinnebier Robert , Jansen Martin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Density Functional Theory‐Based Prediction of Some Aqueous‐Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Element 111. Roentgenium(I) Is the “Softest” Metal Ion.
Authors: Hancock Robert D. , Bartolotti Libero J. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Asymmetric Organocatalytic Approach to Optically Active Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Carlone Armando , Marigo Mauro , North Chris , Landa Aitor , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dioxygenase‐Catalyzed Dihydroxylation of Arene cis‐Dihydrodiols and Acetonide Derivatives: A New Approach to the Synthesis of Enantiopure Tetraoxygenated Bioproducts from Arenes.
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Belhocine Tayeb , Malone John F. , McGregor Stuart , Allen Christopher C. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Chlorine Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization Reactions of Unsaturated α‐Chloro β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Yang Dan , Yan Yi‐Long , Zheng Bao‐Fu , Gao Qiang , Zhu Nian‐Yong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Vinylogous Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Route to Densely Substituted 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Date Sonali M. , Ghosh Sunil K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.