bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The University of North Carolina caries risk assessment study: caries increments of misclassified children
Authors: Graves Richard C. , Disney Judith A. , Beck James D. , Abernathy James R. , Stamm John W. , Bohannan Harry M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe University of North Carolina caries risk assessment was conducted between 1986 and 1989 with 5000 children initially in grades 1 and 5 from low fluoride sites in South Carolina and Maine. Clinical, microbiologic, behavioral, and demographic factors served as independent variables used in logistic multiple regression models to determine the predicted caries risk classification of each child. The 3‐yr DMFS increment of each child was the dependent variable, and the20–25% of those in each cohort with the highest increment were considered the high risk group. Sensitivity and specificity values averaged 0.60 and 0.83 respectively, indicating the misclassification of substantial numbers of children. This paper reports analysis of the DMFS increments of the misclassified children. The majority of children had DMFS increments within one or two surfaces of the classification cut points. Many false negative children had increments composed entirely of filled surfaces, often of minimal extent and without evidence of previous decay. Many false positive children had increments composed of decayed surfaces and would have benefitted from being identified as high risk and assigned to a preventive program. Other false positive children had sealants placed after the baseline examination that undoubtedly reduced their true increment. It is concluded that the consequences of misclassification are not serious for most children in this study.
Results after 3 years of non‐operative occlusal caries treatment of erupting permanent first molars
Authors: Carvalho Joana Christina , Thylstrup Anders , Ekstrand Kim Rud 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the 3‐yr results of a treatment program designed to control occlusal caries on the basis of intensive patient education and professional toothcleaning. The sample consisted of 56 children 6–8 yr old with their permanent right first molars in different stages of eruption. The results were compared with record data from 58 children of the same age who had received a traditional caries treatment program including fissure sealing (control group). After 1 yr a significant reduction of occlusal surfaces with visible plaque was noted in the study group as well as an increased proportion of arrested lesions. These results were maintained after 2 and 3 yr. Ten (9%) teeth were sealed and one filled during the study period. Examination of record data in the control group over a 3‐yr period revealed that 76 (65%) first molars were sealed and 7 (6%) were filled. During the first year 1/3 of the children in the study group needed 5–6 recall visits, whereas in the following period all children were only seen 1–4 times. In contrast, 50% of the children in the control group needed 5–6 recalls in the 3rd yr. Our data indicate that professional care for erupting teeth on an individual basis has a long‐term effect on occlusal surfaces as well. The alternative technique required less clinical time than the traditional application of sealants.
Effects of School Dental Care Service in Hong Kong‐primary teeth
Authors: Evans R. Wendell , Lo Edward C. M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the effects of the School Dental Care Service on the dental status of primary teeth, against the background of the water fluoridation program. A representative sample of Chinese children aged 6–12 yr was selected for a dental examination for caries and treatment needs. Thirty‐two percent of the children aged 6–8 yr were caries free. The dmft indices for 6, 7, and 8‐yr‐olds were 2.8, 3.1, and 2.9 respectively, and the ratio of decayed to filled teeth declined from 3.2 at age 6 to 1.0 at age 9. The average child aged 6–8 yr needed treatment for caries on just fewer than two teeth. More teeth were in need of 1‐surface fillings and such complex treatment as pulpotomy than other treatment types. It was concluded that I) dental caries prevalence and severity in primary teeth of Hong Kong children continues to decline, 2) there has been an obvious improvement in dental fitness as a result of establishing the School Dental Care Service. 3) the risk to dental caries appears to be associated with the preschool time‐frame and therefore 4) the dental service should redirect its attention to preschool children and 5) replace its restorative policy with a preventive policy.
Prevalence of enamel defects/fluorosis in fluoridated and non‐fluoridated areas in Ireland
Authors: Clarkson John J. , O'Mullane Denis M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWater fluoridation was introduced in Ireland in 1964 and in recent years the availability of fluoride from other sources had increased. As part of a National Survey of Children's Health in Ireland Dean's and the DDE indices were used to determine the prevalence of enamel fluorosis/defects in 8‐ and 15‐yr‐old children in fluoridated and non‐fluoridated areas. Over 94% of the children examined in all areas were regarded as having normal enamel, as defined by Dean's index, the remainder showing evidence of either questionable, very mild or mild fluorosis. Between 52% and 63% of the children had one or more teeth affected by enamel defects when measured by the DDE index. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis/defects was similar in children living in fluoridated and non‐fluoridated areas but the prevalence of diffuse opacities (DDE) was higher in the fluoridated areas.
Dentist and patient opinions about the ideal dentist and patient ‐developing a compact questionnaire
Authors: Lahti Satu , Tuutti Heikki , Hausen Hannu , Kääriäinen Rislo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aims of the study were to determine what according to lay people and dentists in the Kuopio and North Karelia provinces of Finland characterizes the ideal dentist and the ideal patient and to develop a proper questionnaire for further studies in dentist‐patient relationship. A questionnaire containing 124, five‐class Likert scale statements and questions about background variables was sent in November 1988 to a representative sample of lay people and to all dentists in these regions. To extract areas of preferences for both dentists and patients, and to select questions for further studies on dentist‐patient relationship, factor analysis was applied to the data. Similarities and differences in the opinions of dentists and patients were also evaluated by single statements. According to factor analyses, the perceptions of dentists and patients were in general similar, communicativeness and informativeness being the most important traits of dentists and activeness, compliance and motivation being the most important trails of patients. However, differences were also found which should be taken into consideration when teaching dentists about the dentist‐patient relationship. Based on the current results we also propose a compact questionnaire to be used in further studies.
Coronal caries and restorations in an elderly population in Germany
Authors: Strübig Wolfgang , Depping Matthias 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn an epidemiologic study, the dental health status of elderly persons in Germany was investigated. A total of 458 persons aged 60 yr and over participated in the study, with 89 persons being residents of old‐people's homes. With a mean DMFS score of 87.3, the mean number of manifest caries was low (1.2) and the standard of conservative and prosthetic care high. Of a mean number of 17.75 filled surfaces, 59.6% were surfaces with crowns. Dental health is a social problem. The mean number of caries cavities was 10 times higher in institutionalized elderly persons of low social class than in non‐institutionalized persons of the same age. Finally, initiatives to improve oral and dental hygiene in all age groups examined in this study are urgently required.
Oral health status of a long‐term‐care, veteran population
Authors: Weyant Robert J. , Jones Judith A. , Hobbins Melody , Niessen Linda C. , Adelson Richard , Rhyne Robert R. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract – The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) operates the largest, integrated health care system in the United States of America. The projected need for long‐term‐care in the VA health care system parallels an expected increase in need for care in the United States, but precedes the need for care in the general population by 25–30 yr. The VA's Office of Dentistry, in an effort to estimate the resource requirements of this swelling group of veterans, initiated in 1986–7 an oral health survey of long‐term care patients. The overall goals were to describe the oral health status of VA nursing home care units (NHCU) residents and to develop a methodology for estimating future dental health services utilization. This study describes the oral health status of the study population.Demographic and oral health data were collected for 650 long‐term care residents of six VA NHCUs between October 1986 and July 1987. Data were collected on sociodemographic status, medical history, dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral soft tissue pathology, and the presence of dental prostheses. Caries and periodontal disease were evaluated using the United States National Institute of Dental Research Survey of Employed Adults and Seniors protocols. The oral health status of the population is described using DMF and ESI indices, the prevalence of oral lesions, levels of tooth loss, oral hygiene scores, and the status of existing dentures.Findings show moderate levels of untreated dental caries and periodontal disease and significant tooth loss which increased with age. A need for preventive therapy, restorative dentistry, conservative periodontal therapy, and prosthodontic care was evident. Soft tissue oral pathologies were rare and frequently related to prostheses use. The subject's overall willingness for care was high. Subjects were found to have a high number of medical comorbidities, and one third of all subjects had to be excluded from the periodontal examination for medical reasons or non‐cooperation.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis at autopsy—exposure and protection: an old adversary revisited
Authors: Flavin R J , Gibbons N , O’Briain D S 
Published: May 2006

Background:The risk of encountering tuberculosis (TB) has reduced with the decreased incidence of the disease; however, it still can be found at autopsy.Aim:To assess the magnitude of exposure toMycobacterium tuberculosisat autopsy in a large general hospital setting, in a country with low incidence.Methods:Retrospective search of the autopsy records from 1991 to 2004. Patients’ records and histological slides were reviewed, and medical personnel interviewed.Results:15 cases of active TB were identified in the 14-year period, during which 4930 autopsies were performed (1 case per 329 autopsies); of these, 10 cases were unsuspected (67%). Five of these cases contained abundant acid-fast bacilli. Patients tended to be middle aged and males with complex clinical histories; two were HIV positive. Two patients were brought in dead to hospital, with no clinical indication of TB. Of 15 autopsy staff, 1 required chemoprophylaxis but none contracted TB.Conclusion:The risk of unexpectedly encountering TB at autopsy continues even in a low-risk European setting. It has implications for the health of autopsy room staff, autopsy room design and ventilation, choice of protective equipment and for the public health service. Protective strategies include assessment of the risk of a case being infected, early recognition of gross lesions, use of methods for reducing the production of infected aerosols and protection against any aerosols created.
Clinical significance of plasmacytosis in the day+14 bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing induction chemotherapy
Authors: Al-Shughair Nada , Al-Dawsari Ghuzayel , Gyger Martin , Mohamed Gamal , Roberts George 
Published: May 2006

Background:The design of chemotherapy-induction regimens for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is directed towards the early elimination of bone marrow (BM) leukaemic blast cells (LBCs). Patients with AML after induction show LBC reduction in a hypoplastic BM and also demonstrate a varying number of residual BM plasma cells (PCs).Aim:To relate PC number to several blood and BM parameters as well as clinical features such as infection and survival.Methods:On the 14th day after the start of chemotherapy (D+14) BM samples were examined for residual PCs in 60 adult (⩾15 years) patients undergoing AML-induction chemotherapy, and the proportion of PCs was related to blood and BM parameters including French–American–British (FAB) subtype, other inflammatory cells, antecedent infection, attainment of complete remission and 36-month survival.Results:Median PC proportion of 11.3% (range 0.1–48.7%) in D+14 BM aspirates and 10.7% (0.6–41%) in trephine biopsies was observed. Their number showed a direct relationship with residual BM lymphocytes (r = 0.368; p = 0.025). Higher numbers of residual PCs also reflected the presence of infection before diagnosis and coincident with treatment (p = 0.039). Although we could not demonstrate an association between PC numbers and 36-month survival, PC numbers were significantly higher in patients with residual leukaemia at D>14 (p = 0.007).Conclusion:D+14 BM PC number reflects the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy and the presence of antecedent inflammation or infection.
High stromal versican expression predicts unfavourable outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pukkila Matti , Kosunen Ari , Ropponen Kirsi , Virtaniemi Jukka , Kellokoski Jari , Kumpulainen Eero , Pirinen Risto , Nuutinen Juhani , Johansson Risto , Kosma Veli-Matti 
Published: May 2006

Background:Versican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan, has been noted to be expressed in several malignant tumours and has been suggested to play an important role in cancer development and tumour growth.Aims:To investigate whether the versican expression level in the peritumoural stromal tissue of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) predicts relapse-free or disease-specific survival. Also, to study the associations between versican expression and several other clinicopathological variables, as well as tumour cell proliferation.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of versican and tumour cell proliferative activity in 139 OSCCs. All pertinent clinical data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records.Results:In this cohort, versican expression did not correlate with the clinicopathological factors or tumour cell proliferation. In univariate analyses, higher risk for disease recurrence was associated with higher stromal versican expression score (p = 0.02), positive neck node status (p = 0.02), lower Karnofsky performance status (p = 0.03) and higher tumour cell proliferation index (p = 0.04). Increased disease-specific risk of death was associated with high stromal versican expression score (p = 0.005) higher T class (p = 0.002), positive neck node status (p<0.001), higher stage (p<0.001), poorer histological differentiation (p = 0.005), worse general condition of the patient (p = 0.049) and increased tumour cell proliferative index (p = 0.02). In multivariate disease-specific survival analysis, high stromal versican expression score (p = 0.048), poorer histological differentiation (p = 0.047) and higher stage (p = 0.002) independently predicted poorer disease outcome.Conclusions:In this cohort, increased stromal versican expression correlated with both increased risk for disease recurrence and shortened survival. High stromal versican expression may thus be considered an independent and adverse prognostic marker in OSCC.
Expression of β-catenin in gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours: a study of 229 cases
Authors: Hervieu V , Lepinasse F , Gouysse G , Guillaud O , Barel C , Chambonniere M-L , Bringuier P-P , Poncet G , Lombard-Bohas C , Partensky C , Chayvialle J-A , Scoazec J-Y 
Published: May 2006

Aims:To clarify the role of β-catenin in digestive endocrine carcinogenesis, a large and representative series of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours was analysed in order to determine the incidence and pattern of β-catenin changes and to analyse the clinical and histological characteristics of the tumours presenting immunohistochemically detectable changes in β-catenin expression.Methods:229 cases of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours (stomach, 11; duodenum and ampulla, 29; jejunum and ileum, 51; appendix, 13; colon and rectum, 17; and pancreas, 108) were studied by immunohistochemistry to assess the pattern of distribution of β-catenin (membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear). DNA was analysed to detect mutations in exon 3 of theCTNNB1gene.Results:The distribution of immunoreactive β-catenin protein was membranous in 164 cases, cytoplasmic in 58 cases and nuclear in seven cases. No mutation was detected in exon 3 of theCTNNB1gene in any case. The seven cases with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin were large tumours (mean size 44 (standard deviation (SD) 18.5) mm) with metastases, including liver metastases in five cases, high Ki-67 index (mean 34% (SD 16.5%)) and cyclin D1 overexpression; p53 accumulation was detected in six cases. Five patients died of disease; the mean (SD) survival was 13.6 (4.8) months.Conclusions:Immunohistochemically detectable nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is infrequent in gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours and is usually not associated with mutations inCNNTB1exon 3. Changes in β-catenin expression are late events in digestive endocrine carcinogenesis, associated with tumour progression and dissemination.
Reduced levels of oestrogen receptor β mRNA in Swedish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Gräns Hanna , Nilsson Maria , Dahlman-Wright Karin , Evengård Birgitta 
Published: May 2006

Background:Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness with unknown aetiology and pathophysiology. The difference in incidence by sex observed for CFS indicates a role for oestrogen and oestrogen receptors in disease development. Furthermore, an immunomediated pathogenesis has been suggested for CFS, providing an additional connection to oestrogen, which displays immunomodular functions.Aims:To investigate a possible association of oestrogen receptor (ER) mRNAs and two ERβ single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CFS.Methods:Messenger RNA levels of ERα, ERβ wt and ERβ cx were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 patients with CFS and 36 healthy controls by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Two ERβ SNPs were scored in the same material.Results:The CFS group showed significantly lower mRNA expression levels of ERβ wt compared with the healthy control group. No differences were observed for ERα or ERβ cx between patients and controls. There were no significant differences in frequency for the investigated ERβ SNPs between cases and controls.Conclusions:The reduced ERβ wt expression level observed in this study is consistent with an immune-mediated pathogenesis of CFS. Additionally, the observation that ERβ wt expression is decreased in CFS could provide an entry point to identify interesting, potentially disease-causing, candidate molecules for further study. A possible connection between oestrogen, oestrogen receptors and CFS should be evaluated further.
The reliability of assessment of oestrogen receptor expression on needle core biopsy specimens of invasive carcinomas of the breast
Authors: Hodi Zsolt , Chakrabarti Jayeta , Lee Andrew H S , Ronan John E , Elston Christopher W , Leung Cheung Kwok , Robertson John F R , Ellis Ian O 
Published: May 2006

Aim:To assess the reliability of assessment of oestrogen receptor expression on needle core biopsy specimens of invasive carcinomas of the breast. Previous studies have mostly been small, with a range of agreement from 62% to 100%.Methods:Retrospective audit of 338 tumours surgically excised within 60 days of core biopsy, that had had oestrogen receptor assessed on both the core biopsy and tumour specimens. Surgical specimens were incised when fresh to ensure good fixation. External controls including a weakly positive tumour were included in each immunohistochemistry run.Results:Oestrogen receptor expression was bimodal, with H score in both specimens of either 0 or >50 in 96% of tumours. Using H score cut-off of 10 for positivity, there was an agreement between core and excision in 334 of 338 tumours (98.8%). All discrepancies were between weakly positive and negative tumours. Intratumoral heterogeneity could explain the one tumour that was negative on core and positive on excision. H score tended to be slightly higher on core than excision (means 146 and 136). Better fixation on the core is the most likely explanation for this and for the three tumours that were positive on core and negative on excision. Repeat staining on tumours with discrepant results gave similar results in all except one case. An internal control was present in 97% of excisions and 55% of cores of oestrogen receptor-negative tumours; the internal control stained positively in all except two sections.Conclusion:Oestrogen receptor can be assessed reliably on needle core biopsies of invasive carcinomas of the breast.
Radial scar lesions of the breast diagnosed by needle core biopsy: analysis of cases containing occult malignancy
Authors: Douglas-Jones Anthony G , Denson Jemimah L , Cox Adam C , Harries Iwan B , Stevens Guy 
Published: May 2006

Aim:To identify and review cases of false negative needle core biopsy (NCB) in the preoperative investigation of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion (RS/CSL) lesions—that is, benign NCB from RS/CSL which contained malignancy on excision.Methods and results:A total of 11 false negative NCB in RS/CSL lesions from 281 (3.9%) were identified (6 cases: B1, 2 cases: B2 and 3 cases: B3). In 6 of 11 cases a radial scar or stromal sclerosis was seen in NCB. Localisation biopsy showed duct carcinoma in situ in six cases, duct carcinoma in situ with invasive carcinoma in three and invasive carcinoma in two. In all 11 cases, needle tracks were identified as missing the malignant epithelium by a mean of 5 mm (median:4 mm; range:1–20 mm). In 9 of 11 cases, the malignancy was missed by <6 mm.Conclusions:Despite evidence of accurate targeting of lesions, the use of NCB instead of fine needle aspiration cytology has not eliminated the problem of false negative biopsy in RS/CSL, and excision is recommended.