bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciz1, a Novel DNA-Binding Coactivator of the Estrogen Receptor α, Confers Hypersensitivity to Estrogen Action
Authors: den Hollander Petra , Rayala Suresh K. , Coverley Dawn , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor (ER) is affected by regulatory cofactors, including chromatin-remodeling complexes, coactivators, and corepressors. Coregulators are recruited to target gene promoters through protein-protein interactions with ER and function as linker molecules between the DNA, DNA-binding proteins, and DNA-modifying enzymes. We recently showed that Cip-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Ciz1) participates in the regulation of the cell cycle in estrogen-stimulated breast cancer cells. Despite the emerging significance of Ciz1 in the biology of breast cancer cells, regulation of endogenous Ciz1 in hormone-responsive cancer cells remains unknown. To shed light on the role of Ciz1 in breast tumorigenesis, we defined the regulation of Ciz1 by the ER pathway and found that Ciz1 is an estrogen-responsive gene. We also discovered that Ciz1 protein, a DNA-binding factor, coregulates ER by enhancing ER transactivation activity by promoting the recruitment of the ER complex to the target gene chromatin. In addition, we found that Ciz1 overexpression confers estrogen hypersensitivity to breast cancer cells and promotes the growth rate, anchorage independency, and tumorigenic properties of breast cancer cells. These findings revealed the inherent role of Ciz1, a novel DNA binding and ER coactivator, in amplifying estrogenic responses and promoting breast cancer tumorigenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 11021-9)
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 and Activator Protein-1 Coordinately Regulate the Transcription of Components of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yan Jun , Yu Cheng-Tai , Ozen Mustafa , Ittmann Michael , Tsai Sophia Y. , Tsai Ming-Jer 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3, also called amplified in breast cancer 1, is a member of the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator family involved in transcriptional regulation of target genes. SRC-3 is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in hormone-sensitive and hormone-insensitive tumors. We reported previously that SRC-3 stimulated prostate cell growth in a hormone-independent manner through activation of AKT signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here, we exploited the mifepristone-induced SRC-3 LNCaP prostate cancer cell line generated in our laboratory to identify SRC-3-regulated genes by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. We found that SRC-3 up-regulates the expression of multiple genes in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/AKT signaling pathway that are involved in cell proliferation and survival. In contrast, knockdown of SRC-3 in PC3 (androgen receptor negative) prostate cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells reduces their expression. Similarly, in prostate glands of SRC-3 null mice, expressions of these components in the IGF/AKT signal pathway are also reduced. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SRC-3 was directly recruited to the promoters of these genes, indicating that they are direct targets of SRC-3. Interestingly, we showed that recruitment of SRC-3 to two target promoters, IRS-2 and IGF-I, requires transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). Taken together, our results clearly show that SRC-3 and AP-1 can coordinately regulate the transcription of multiple components in the IGF/AKT pathway to ensure ligand-independent cell proliferation and survival of cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 11039-46)
A Causal Role for the Human Tumor Antigen Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma in Cancer
Authors: Epping Mirjam T. , Bernards René 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Tumor antigens are of interest as diagnostic and prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. The tumor antigen preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) is frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers and is a prognostic marker for clinical outcome. It has been shown recently that PRAME functions as a repressor of retinoic acid signaling. Here, we discuss this novel insight in the context of the increasing interest in tumor antigens as targets for therapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10639-42)
Quantitative mineralogical analysis of some Bangladesh soils with X-ray, ion exchange and selective dissolution techniques
Authors: Islam A. K. M. E. , Lotse E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFine clay, coarse clay, and silt fractions of four Bangladesh soils were studied using XRD, ion exchange, and selective dissolution techniques. Constants for the XRD intensity-weight proportion relationships were derived using these techniques. Smectite and mica were found to be dominant in Batra and Ghior soils, whereas kaolinite and mica were dominant in the Naraibag and Ghatail soils. Other minerals present were vermiculite, vermiculite with hydroxyaluminium interlayers, chlorite, randomly interstratified chlorite-mica, feldspar, quartz, and trace amounts of amphibole. The amorphous material content varied between 1 and 11% and decreased with increasing particle size. No crystalline iron oxides were detected in untreated clay fractions.
Electron diffraction and the study of ferrihydrite coatings on kaolinite
Authors: Jones Angela A. , Saleh A. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSelected-area electron diffraction has been used to examine ferrihydrite coatings on kaolinite crystals and is shown to provide a sensitive means of detection. It also gives better diffraction patterns of ferrihydrite than does XRD and the patterns sometimes give additional indications of the crystal size. It is suggested that the technique may be useful in examining other coatings on soils and clays.
Infrared absorption of surface hydroxyl groups and lattice vibrations in lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and boehmite (γ-AIOOH)
Authors: Lewis D. G. , Farmer V. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBoehmite and lepidocrocite, in the form of thin plates with well-developed (010) faces parallel to the constituent layers, show one predominant absorption band due to OH stretching of two-coordinated surface hydroxyl groups, which are shown to be unreactive towards phosphate. In very fine grained preparations of lepidocrocite, two other species of surface hydroxyl are detected, presumably associated with (100) and (001) faces. Marked differences in the frequencies of bulk vibrations between platy and rod-shaped lepidocrocite preparations can be explained partly by their crystal morphology, and partly by degree of crystalline order.
Methode diffractometrique de caracterisation des états d'hydratation des smectites stabilité relative des couches d'eau inserées
Authors: Brahim J. Ben , Armağan N. , Besson G. , Tchoubar C. 
Published: November 2006

ResumeNous décrivons un montage expérimental permettant d'obtenir, avec une bonne précision, des diagrammes de diffraction X de poudre d'argile dans un état hydraté homogène et de suivre la cinétique du processus d'hydratation. Nous avons pu déterminer, dans le cas de l'état homogène à une couche d'eau d'une beidellite sodique, la position des cations échangeables, le nombre total de molécules d'eau par maille et leurs coordonnéesz, en utilisant une méthode de modèle basée sur la comparaison des profils expérimentaux et calculés des réflexions 00l. De plus nous avons comparé les caractéristiques structurales et en particulier le mode d'empilement des feuillets de l'état monocouche avec celui des états anhydre et bicouche. L'analyse du profil des réflexions 00lmontre l'existence de fluctuations autour d'un espacement basal moyen. Ces fluctuations sont interprétées comme provenant de l'hétérogénéité de la distribution des charges dans le feuillet. Enfin, un processus théorique d'hydratation et de déshydratation est proposé.
Clay mineral variation in Tertiary sediments from the eastern flank of the Niger Delta
Authors: Braide S. P. , Huff W. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDetailed clay mineralogical and chemical analyses of well cuttings of Tertiary sediments from two wells, Uruan-1 and Uda-1, on the eastern flank of the Niger delta, have been made in an attempt to investigate clay mineral burial diagenesis. The clay mineralogy indicates a transformation of smectite to an interstratified illite-smectite (I/S) phase. The relationship between ordered and random interlayering, however, is nonsystematic. The chemistry of the <0·1µm size fraction shows some tendency towards a net gain in K2O and Al2O3and a net loss in SiO2with depth, but the relationship does not correlate well with the thermal gradient. The distribution of kaolinite and chlorite in both wells appears to be unrelated in any regular way to smectite transformation and these two minerals are considered to be either the products of other diagenetic reactions affecting various stratigraphic levels, or the result of primary sediment deposition. In well Uda-1, kaolinite decreases in relative abundance with depth. This trend has been interpreted elsewhere as indicative of a transition from nonmarine to marine facies. The results of this study indicate that lack of ion mobility, rather than availability, is a significant factor in retarding the formation of ordered I/S with depth, and that lithology, overpressuring, carbonate cement, and original smectite layer charge may be controlling factors in the smectite → illite transformation.
Geotechnical properties and behaviour of the Monasavu halloysite clay, Fiji
Authors: Knight D. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGeotechnical properties and behaviour are described of the very wet, halloysitic, residual clay found in the dense rain forest at Monasavu, Viti Levu, Fiji, where the annual rainfall can exceed 5 m. The tropical climatic conditions have caused deep weathering of sandstones and produced a highly plastic clay with low density and a natural moisture content greatly in excess of the standard compaction optimum. This clay was found to contain halloysite which was ‘amorphous’ rather than crystalline. The material was used in this natural state in an 85-m high rockfill dam at Monasavu Falls as an unusually soft core, the construction of which involved unconventionally light compaction by low-ground-pressure-tracked dozers. Its resulting behaviour in terms of three-dimensional total and effective stresses, stress paths and deformations throughout the construction, impounding and full reservoir stages was closely monitored. This behaviour is examined in the light of the clay's classification, mineralogical, compaction and engineering properties determined before and during construction. Despite its unusual properties, it is concluded that the clay is a good engineering material, behaving like others containing halloysite in the more common tubular form, and, moreover, that the high natural moisture content is of positive benefit.
Diagenesis in Upper Jurassic marine sandstones from the North Sea Well 14/26-1 and its significance
Authors: Jeans C. V. , Fisher M. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA tightly cemented series of marine sandstones, interbedded with shales and mudstones, occurs in the lower part of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Kimmeridgian to Ryazanian) of Arco Well 14/26-1 (Core No. 5, 8067–8085 ft). The well is on the northern flank of the Fraserburgh Spur Basement Ridge. The sediments are in the immature stage of hydrocarbon generation and are now at their maximum temperature and burial depth: the bottom hole temperature is 75°C. The sandstone diagenesis was complex, essentially of an intrinsic type, and took place under considerable overpressures. Initially a series of early cements was precipitated (minor chalcedony, quartz, feldspar, ferroan calcite, non-ferroan dolomite and major ferroan dolomite). A later phase of diagenesis embraced two periods of intrastratal solution (each affecting both the silicate and the carbonate components of the sediment) separated by a phase of calcite precipitation and followed by a phase of kaolinite cementation. The early cements are interpreted as being of the intrinsic miagenetic type. The later phase of diagenesis (alternating intrastratal solution and cement precipitation) resulted from the interaction of (i) the biotic breakdown of organic matter by thermophyllic micro-organisms and (ii) the abiotic thermal alteration of organic matter with the mineral components of the sediment: of particular importance were varying PCO2 and the generation of carboxylic and phenolic acids. The diagenetic pattern is closely comparable to that known from various Upper Jurassic sandy shelf sediments in other parts of the northern North Sea which have very different burial histories.
Septarian crack formation in carbonate concretions from shales and mudstones
Authors: Astin T. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe textural evidence in septarian concretions shows that the septa formed as tensile fractures during burial and compaction of the host shale. Comparison of the combinations of vertical and horizontal stresses and pore-fluid pressure required for tensile fracture of cemented concretions and those likely to occur during shale burial indicates that septarian fracturing will be favoured by overpressuring and low horizontal stress, most likely to occur during times of rapid burial. Burial histories of septarian concretions from the Eocene London Clay and the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay show that fracturing can form under as little as 50 m of sediment. By relating episodes of septarian fracturing to times of rapid burial, the timing of diagenetic cement formation can be constrained.
Petrology and formation damage control, Upper Cretaceous sandstone, offshore Gabon
Authors: Pittman E. D. , King G. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe subarkosic-sublitharenitic Upper Cretaceous sandstone, which has up to 30% porosity and 585 md permeability, produces on salt diapir structures in the Oguendjo West Block, offshore Gabon. The porosity consists of 68% intergranular porosity of primary and secondary origin, 17% secondary intragranular and moldic porosity, and 15% microporosity. A microcrystalline quartz druse, which was derived from alteration of lithic fragments, coats framework grains and retards the development of syntaxial quartz overgrowths. Other cements are patchy ankerite (0·3–13·7 vol%) and kaolinite, which also occurs as a replacement of framework grains. The total kaolinite content ranges from 1·8 to 8·2 vol%. Kaolinite and remnants of altered and partially dissolved lithic fragments are susceptible to movement with fluid flow. Formation sensitivity tests showed that the kaolinite-rich sandstone was stable to 2% NaCl water, but introduction of freshwater caused permeability impairment. Acid treatment to remove damage produced sporadic results. Injection of HCl raised the permeability temporarily, indicating that fines were still being liberated within the pore network. Injection of HCl/HF immediately reduced permeability through partial disaggregation of the rock. Plugging of the formation face by drill mud also damages the reservoir. Reversal of flow at high pressure differentials will remove formation damage produced by face plugging. A guideline for this process established in the laboratory is to backflow with a pressure differential at least as high as the overbalance used in drilling. The combination of oil-based drilling fluids and underbalanced perforating with filtered diesel in the wellbore should eliminate most formation damage in this reservoir.
A novel copper complex induces ROS generation in doxorubicin resistant Ehrlich ascitis carcinoma cells and increases activity of antioxidant enzymes in vital organs in vivo
Authors: Mookerjee Ananda , Basu Jayati Mookerjee , Majumder Surajit , Chatterjee Shilpak , Panda Gouri S , Dutta Pranabananda , Pal Smarajit , Mukherjee Pratima , Efferth Thomas , Roy Syamal , Choudhuri Soumitra K 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
In search of a suitable GSH-depleting agent, a novel copper complex viz., copper N-(2-hydroxyacetophenone) glycinate (CuNG) has been synthesized, which was initially found to be a potential resistance modifying agent and later found to be an immunomodulator in mice model in different doses. The objective of the present work was to decipher the effect of CuNG on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant enzymes in normal and doxorubicin-resistant Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC/Dox)-bearing Swiss albino mice.

Methods
The effect of CuNG has been studied on ROS generation, multidrug resistance-associated protein1 (MRP1) expression and on activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).

Results
CuNG increased ROS generation and reduced MRP1 expression in EAC/Dox cells while only temporarily depleted glutathione (GSH) within 2 h in heart, kidney, liver and lung of EAC/Dox bearing mice, which were restored within 24 h. The level of liver Cu was observed to be inversely proportional to the level of GSH. Moreover, CuNG modulated SOD, CAT and GPx in different organs and thereby reduced oxidative stress. Thus nontoxic dose of CuNG may be utilized to reduce MRP1 expression and thus sensitize EAC/Dox cells to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, CuNG modulated SOD, CAT and and GPx activities to reduce oxidative stress in some vital organs of EAC/Dox bearing mice. CuNG treatment also helped to recover liver and renal function in EAC/Dox bearing mice.

Conclusion
Based on our studies, we conclude that CuNG may be a promising candidate to sensitize drug resistant cancers in the clinic.
Readability of pediatric health materials for preventive dental care
Authors: Hendrickson Rachel L , Huebner Colleen E , Riedy Christine A 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the content and general readability of pediatric oral health education materials for parents of young children.MethodsTwenty-seven pediatric oral health pamphlets or brochures from commercial, government, industry, and private nonprofit sources were analyzed for general readability ("usability") according to several parameters: readability, (Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Flesch Reading Ease, and SMOG grade level); thoroughness, (inclusion of topics important to young childrens' oral health); textual framework (frequency of complex phrases, use of pictures, diagrams, and bulleted text within materials); and terminology (frequency of difficult words and dental jargon).ResultsReadability of the written texts ranged from 2ndto 9thgrade. The average Flesch-Kincaid grade level for government publications was equivalent to a grade 4 reading level (4.73, range, 2.4 – 6.6); F-K grade levels for commercial publications averaged 8.1 (range, 6.9 – 8.9); and industry published materials read at an average Flesch-Kincaid grade level of 7.4 (range, 4.7 – 9.3). SMOG readability analysis, based on a count of polysyllabic words, consistently rated materials 2 to 3 grade levels higher than did the Flesch-Kincaid analysis. Government sources were significantly lower compared to commercial and industry sources for Flesch-Kincaid grade level and SMOG readability analysis. Content analysis found materials from commercial and industry sources more complex than government-sponsored publications, whereas commercial sources were more thorough in coverage of pediatric oral health topics. Different materials frequently contained conflicting information.ConclusionPediatric oral health care materials are readily available, yet their quality and readability vary widely. In general, government publications are more readable than their commercial and industry counterparts. The criteria for usability and results of the analyses presented in this article can be used by consumers of dental educational materials to ensure that their choices are well-suited to their specific patient population.
Fungal osteomyelitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones in a horse
Authors: Sherman Kevin M. , Myhre Grant D. , Heymann Elizabeth I. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 12-year-old Standardbred gelding was referred for swelling of the right metacarpophalangeal joint.
Clinical Findings—Ultrasonography of the right metacarpal area revealed hypoechoic areas in the right digital sheath and metacarpophalangeal joint consistent with synovial effusion. Radiography of the right metacarpophalangeal joint revealed lysis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones. Aspergillus fumigatus was detected on fungal culture of synovial fluid.
Treatment and Outcome—Regional limb perfusion (150 mg of amikacin in 60 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution perfused for 30 minutes) was performed 2 and 4 days after admission. Itraconazole (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) was administered for approximately 9 weeks. Joint lavage with amikacin (500 mg) in 1 L of saline solution was performed 4 times. Three months after discharge, the owner reported that the horse was mildly lame during trotting but was moving freely and comfortably during all gaits and had gained a considerable amount of weight. Because the osteoarthritis was not expected to improve and because it was recommended that the horse not return to purposeful exercise, the owner decided to retire the horse from racing.
Clinical Relevance—Various diagnostic imaging methods and fungal cultures are useful for diagnosing fungal osteomyelitis of the axial borders of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses. Fungal osteomyelitis of the sesamoid bones and erosive arthritis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for horses in which corticosteroids have been administered intra-articularly.
Temperature and salt‐induced micellization of some block copolymers in aqueous solution
Authors: Desai Mihir , Jain Nirmesh J. , Sharma Rakesh , Bahadur Pratap 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicellization of three commercial samples of ethylene oxide (EO)‐propylene oxide (PO) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) triblock copolymers (pluronics) P65 (EO25PO30EO25, mw PPO=1750, %PEO=50), P85 (EO25PO40EO25, mw PPO=2250, %PEO=50), and F88 (EO102PO40EO102, mw PPO=2250, %PEO=80) in aqueous sodium chloride solution (0–3 M) was examined by cloud point, surface tension, dye spectral change, fluorescence, and viscosity measurements over a temperature range of 25–50°C. Salt‐induced micellization and micelle growth were observed. The presence of sodium chloride enhanced hydrophobicity in the PPO moiety and reduced hydrophilicity of PEO moieties, favoring micellization at relatively lower concentrations than in water at ambient temperature. The effect of salt on micellization is similar to that of increasing temperature. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and critical micelle temperatures showed a marked decrease in the presence of added salt. CMC obtained by different methods were in good agreement.