bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of HIV infection and the fear of mixing socially with HIV-infected and AIDS-sick patients among STD patients in Bergen, Norway
Authors: Tveit Kåre-S. , Nyfors Allan , Nilsen Arvid , Jacobsen Reidar 
Published: February 2009

This is a study of data from 599 STD (sexually transmitted disease) clinic patients in Bergen, Norway who visited the clinic in April-June 1989. We studied the patients' knowledge of modes of HIV transmission and their degree of ignorance of how HIV is not transmitted. Particular interest was focused on how misconceptions influenced the respondents' perception of HIV/AIDS sick persons and the importance of confidence in AIDS information from the health authorities. The objective of the study was to compare the data from this investigation of STD patients with data from similar studies in the general public conducted in Norway between 1986 and 1991. HIV-infected blood (98.3%; 589/599) and unprotected vaginal intercourse (91%; 545/599) were frequently suggested as a mode of HIV transmission, while 22.4% (134/599) did not recognize anal sex as an unsafe sexual practice. There was no statistically significant difference in their knowledge of modes of HIV transmission between the following patient subgroups: homosexuals/bisexuals, intravenous drug users (IVDUs)/prostitutes, sex customers and respondents classified as ‘other heterosexuals’. Regarding ways in which HIV is not transmitted, ignorance was first and foremost related to whether the HIV virus could be passed on by oral kissing (wrong: 38.5%). Knowledge of how HIV is not transmitted was positively correlated with education ( p <0.05) and confidence in the HIV/AIDS information from health authorities ( p <0.05), and negatively correlated with age ( p <0.05). Respondents knowing how HIV is not transmitted considered social contact with HIV/AIDS sick persons to be harmless ( p <0.001). The present information campaigns on HIV/AIDS have been less effective than expected. In the future we must find new ways of informing the public by identifying the essential components that are missing from the information campaigns we have today.
Fertility patterns according to occupational grouping in Norway, 1989
Authors: Strand Kitty , Wergeland Ebba , Bjerkedal Tor 
Published: February 2009

In the early 1990s, most pregnant women in Norway were in gainful employment. This led to increased interest in the possible consequences for reproductive health, and a growing concern for the need to accommodate the pregnancy. We have therefore investigated how accurately general fertility rates predict the number of pregnancies in the workforce. Fertility rates (FR) among employed women and standardized fertility ratios (SFR) in occupational groups were estimated on the basis of information from the Labour Market Statistics and the national survey “Pregnancy and Work”, Norway, 1989. The fertility rate among employed women was 17% higher than the general fertility rate. Two occupational groups had significantly different SFRs: technical/professional workers (SFR 118) and transport/communication workers (SFR 82). In addition, differences were found for parity-specific SFRs in administrative/executive work (SFR nullipara 80, SFR para 125) and service work (SFR nullipara 114, SFR para 80). We suggest that work status and occupation should be included among the variables registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, in order to facilitate routine presentations of fertility rates and pregnancy outcomes for women in paid work. The results further indicate that work-specific conditions influence first-birth fertility. This should be explored in demographic studies of the relation between women's fertility and participation in paid work.
Who quits smoking during pregnancy?
Authors: Mås R. , Escribà V. , Colomer C. 
Published: February 2009

The aim of this paper is to investigate the distribution of smoking cessation during pregnancy in relation to socio-demographic and professional characteristics. The study population are, primiparous or secundiparous women who gave birth in a large public hospital in the city of Valencia (Spain) and who have carried out paid work during pregnancy. A sample of 593 women were personally interviewed in the maternity hospital. A simple analysis was carried out on the data subsequently adjusting a logistic regression model. Sixty-two per cent of the women smoked before pregnancy. Of them, 28% gave up smoking during pregnancy. Giving up smoking during pregnancy is more common among women of between 26–30 years of age (ORadjusted = 2.1), those with secondary level of education (ORadjusted = 2.6) and among those for whom daily cigarette intake before pregnancy was between 1–9 cigarettes (ORadjusted = 12.3) or between 10–19 (ORadjusted = 2.7). The modification of smoking during pregnancy requires interventions prior to and throughout the course of pregnancy which should be aimed at risk groups such as younger women, those less educated and heavy smokers.
Alcohol consumption and Ischemic Heart Disease mortality in Sweden
Authors: Messner Torbjörn , Petersson Bo 
Published: February 2009

Most previous studies on the relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) have been conducted in countries with an alcohol consumption pattern different from that in Sweden (and other countries in the “Vodka Belt”), where irregular binge drinking of distilled spirits is common. Therefore, we carried out an ecological study in Sweden where cross-sectional, longitudinal, and time series analyses (1973–1986) were performed on consumption of spirits, wine, and beer in relation to age-standardized mortality in IHD for males and females. There was a negative correlation in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses between wine consumption and mortality from IHD, especially strong for women, but no consistent relationship between the consumption of total ethanol, spirits and beer versus the mortality from IHD. In the time series analysis, only wine was negatively correlated with IHD mortality for women. We conclude that, on a population level, consumption of spirits and beer in a Swedish drinking pattern does not imply any protection against death from IHD. On the other hand, wine consumption in Sweden could be associated with a reduced risk of IHD death among women.
The last year of lifez
Authors: Viitasalo Veikko , Nissinen Aulikki , Kivinen Paula , Takala Jorma 
Published: February 2009

What will changes in the mortality patterns mean for the future? Is there any relationship between the cause of death and the assessed need for help during the last year of life? We used The Official Statistics to gain insight into the mortality patterns. We examined the independence from being reliant on other people's help, assessed from the health and social service records of 186 men in the age range 65–89 years from the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. The proportional risk of dying from heart disease or cancer declined with age. However the independence with regard to need of help lasted longer when men died from these diseases. There were 5–10 fold differences in the risk of needing daily help depending on the cause of death. It increased among the older men significantly just before death. These findings may have significance in the planning of health and home care with respect to changing mortality patterns.
Item bias in self-reported functional ability among 75-year-old men and women in three Nordic localities
Authors: Avlund Kirsten , Era Pertti , Davidsen Michael , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid 
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this article is to analyse item bias in a measure of self-reported functional ability among 75-year-old people in three Nordic localities. The present item bias analysis examines whether the construction of a functional ability index from several variables results in bias in relation to geographical locality and gender. Information about self-reported functional ability was gathered from surveys on 75-year-old men and women in Glostrup (Denmark), Göteborg (Sweden) and Jyväskylä (Finland). The data were collected by structured home interviews about mobility and Physical activities of daily living (PADL) in relation to tiredness, reduced speed and dependency and combined into three tiredness-scales, three reduced speed-scales and two dependency-scales. The analysis revealed item bias regarding geographical locality in seven out of eight of the functional ability scales, but nearly no bias in relation to gender in the combined data. The conclusion is that only one tiredness-scale (Lower Limb-T), one reduced speed-scale (Lower Limb-S) and the two dependency-scales (PADL-H and Mob-H) can be proposed for use in comparisons between the three localities (with removal of one or more items).
Children of Psychosocial Risk-mothers
Authors: Wadsby Marie , Sydsjö Gunilla , Göran Svedin Carl 
Published: February 2009

The number of stressful life events experienced as measured on the modified Swedish version of Coddington's questionnaire, and the presence of behaviour problems assessed by Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) were studied in 45 eight-year-old children of identified psychosocial risk-mothers. The mothers' social network was estimated using the Swedish version of Undén and Orth-Gomér's Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI). These mothers had been identified during early pregnancy. A control group of 57 children of the same age and their mothers without the presence of psychosocial risk-criteria was used as reference. The results indicated that the index children had experienced significantly more life events, and displayed significantly more behaviour problems than the reference children. The mothers in the index group had a significantly poorer social network than the mothers in the reference group. The study suggests that children of mothers, identified early on psychosocial risk criteria develop suboptimally. Therefore, early interventions are of great importance.
National health insurance consumption and chronic symptoms following mild neck sprain injuries in car collisions
Authors: Borchgrevink Grethe E. , Lereim Inggard , Royneland Linn , Bjorndal Arild , Haraldseth Olav 
Published: February 2009

Objective: To map the extent of sick leave and number of claims made for health insurance among persons who had suffered neck sprain (whiplash) injuries in traffic accidents, and to map subjective feeling of health and quality of life among patients several years after the injury. Design: A retrospective study of neck sprain injuries after car accidents and a comparison to the patients' use of sick leave caused by neck pain prior to the accident. Setting: The Emergency Clinic at The University Hospital in Trondheim, Norway. Subjects: 426 patients with neck sprain injuries after car accidents during 1985-1990. Main outcome measures: Information from Trondheim Social Security office about sick leave, and results from 345 patients who answered a questionnaire with respect to quality of life measures. Results: 27% had been reported sick during the period after the car accident, and 5% had claimed health insurance. 58% reported sustained symptoms linked to the accident. Conclusions: Many reported sustained symptoms after neck sprain injuries, 16% of them reported being in a bad state of health.
Road characteristics and bicycle accidents
Authors: Nyberg Peter , Björnstig Ulf , Bygren L-O 
Published: February 2009

In Umeá, Sweden, defects in the physical road surface contributed to nearly half of the single bicycle accidents. The total social cost of these injuries to people amount to at least SEK 20 million (SEK 60,000 or about USD 8,500 per accident), which corresponds to the estimated loss of “eight life equivalents a year”. Improved winter maintenance seems to have the greatest injury prevention potential and would probably reduce the number of injuries considerably, whereas improved road quality and modification of kerbs would reduce the most severe injuries. A local traffic safety program should try to prevent road accidents instead of handling the consequences of them. In accordance with Parliament decisions on traffic we would like to see increased investment in measures favoring bicycle traffic, where cycling is seen as a solution, not as a problem.
The concept of status incongruence revisited
Authors: Faresjö Tomas , Svärdsudd Kurt , Tibblin Gösta 
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationships between status incongruency and mortality. From the concept of status incongruence two incongruent groups were defined, those with high education and low social position (socially downward drifters) and those with low education and high social position (socially upstarters). A cohort of middle-aged men ( n = 855), all bora in 1913 and living in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden were followed during a period of 22 years. The socially downward drifters had a significantly increased risk for: non-cause specific (overall) mortality, more potential years of life lost and mortality caused by coronary heart disease. These differences were still evident after taking other risk factors into account. The socially upstarters had, on the other hand, lower mortality risks and win years. Imbalance between educational level and attained social position appears to affect survival in a long term follow-up.
Relationships between health behavior, knowledge, and beliefs among Swedish blue-collar workers
Authors: Näslund Görel K. 
Published: February 2009

The main objective of this study was to assess the health behavior, risk awareness and beliefs concerning the importance of positive health practices among blue-collar workers, and to examine the relationships between behavior, knowledge and beliefs. Data were gathered from 1359 workers aged 18-65 years using a postal questionnaire to 2493 randomly selected members of two labor unions. A high prevalence of negative health practices was noted among the respondents. While no relationship was found between health behaviors and awareness of risks associated with such behaviors, there was a relationship between positive health practices and strong beliefs about the importance of those practices. Awareness of the influence of a positive behavior on disease risk was associated with a stronger belief concerning the importance of that behavior. Women were characterized by having more positive health behavior, a higher level of risk awareness and stronger beliefs concerning the importance of positive health practices.
HIV/AIDS — Information and knowledge
Authors: Eriksson Torbjörn , Sonesson Andreas , Isacsson Åke 
Published: February 2009

Knowledge of hiv/aids, exposure to hiv/aids information and appreciation of given information was studied, by a questionnaire, among 326 Kenyan and 146 Swedish teenage school students in 1994. The aim of the study was to examine differences and similarities in knowledge in the two populations and to examine which sources of information about hiv and aids the respondents had been exposed to and which were most appreciated. The overall knowledge about hiv/aids was high but in specific items the knowledge and awareness of different risk behaviours for contracting hiv/aids differed for the Kenyan and Swedish teenagers. The dissemination of hard factual information about hiv/aids has thus been successful in reaching out although not in stopping the spread of hiv/aids. This calls for new strategies in disease prevention and health promotion. Those strategies should focus much more on lifestyle changes. The health care system, the school and the existing strong civil and voluntary information structures have an important role to play in that work.
Health examinations and health services for asylum seekers in Sweden
Authors: Hjern Anders , Allebeck Peter 
Published: February 2009

With an influx of several hundred thousand refugees during the last two decades, care for asylum seekers and refugees has become an important part of health and medical care in Sweden. The Swedish government spent 377 million Swedish crowns (SEK) on medical expenses for asylum seekers and refugees in 1990–91, 427 million SEK in 1991–92 and 804 million in 1992–93 (1 US$ is approximately 6 SEK). The annual cost per asylum seeker was 11,387 SEK in 1992, to be compared with the average cost of health and medical care for Swedish residents in the age 0–49 years which was around 8,000 SEK at that time (1). Despite the large amounts of money and the large number of patients involved in the medical reception programme for refugees in Sweden in recent years, there has been little research about the quality and adequacy of this programme. The Swedish reception programme for asylum seekers is centered around state-run refugee camps in different parts of the country. To be able to describe the structure and content of the health care service offered to asylum seekers, a semi-structured questionnaire was sent to all health units in refugee camps in Sweden in May 1995. Health units in 30 of the 33 refugee camps in Sweden responded to the questions about the health care service offered to asylum seekers (2).
Doctors' attitudes towards empirical data-a comparative study
Authors: Lynöe Niels , Svensson Tomas 
Published: February 2009

In the assessment of the effects of medical technologies, the focus is most often on the quality of the empirical data. In order to shed light on the question whether medical researchers are really so empirically oriented we conducted the following study. 600 questionnaires were sent by mail to three groups, selected at random: 1) preclinical researchers; 2) clinical researchers who received research grants from The Swedish Medical Research Council; and 3) general practitioners. The questionnaire was built around three cases concerning the assessment of the effects of: a) H-2-receptor antagonists, b) coronary by-pass surgery and c) the homeopathic treatment of hay fever. The results indicate that there are rather small differences in how the three groups assessed the three technologies and larger differences within one and the same group concerning different cases. The tendency is that the more one considers that empirical data should be assessed independent of theoretical considerations, the higher are the demands which are placed on the quality and quantity of the empirical documentation, and vice-versa.
Long-term economic effects of team-based clinical case management of patients with chronic minor disease and long-term absence from working life
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Leijon Margareta , Karlsson Göran , Svensson Lilian , Bjurulf Per 
Published: February 2009

Objectives: To examine the socio-economic effects of team-based clinical case management of patients with chronic minor disease bound for early retirement. Design: Marginal analysis of programme costs and benefits to society compared with no-programme baseline of costs occurring in society due to productivity loss. Prospective patient data collection on admission, discharge, and at one year and five years after discharge to determine programme effectiveness. Setting: Out-patient clinic at the department of social medicine in tertiary care hospital. Subjects: 239 patients with minor disease and long-term vocational absence consecutively admitted to the study. At the one-year evaluation, 17 patients had been readmitted to the team, 7 could not be found, 6 declined the interview and 2 were deceased. At the five-year evaluation of 49 patients who were active after one year, one was deceased and 10 were unable to be found. Main outcome measures: Vocational activity. Programme costs. Benefits to society measured by decrease in indirect costs. Results: The one-year vocational rehabilitation rate from the program was 20.5% and the five-year rehabilitation rate was 11.3%. The total discounted cost for case management of the 239 patients was 7.6 MSEK (£600,000). The decrease in the indirect costs to society from the 28 patients found active after five years was 35.1 MSEK (£2,500,000). The net present value of the programme at the 1991 price level was 27.5 MSEK (£2,365,000). Conclusions: Tertiary care level team-based clinical case management for vocational rehabilitation of patients with chronic minor disease has a positive cost-benefit ratio. A cross-boundary awareness at a health policy level is needed of the societal costs involved for this group of patients who fall between the traditional services in health care and social work.
Structure of the AML1-ETO eTAFH domain–HEB peptide complex and its contribution to AML1-ETO activity
Authors: Park Sangho , Chen Wei , Cierpicki Tomasz , Tonelli Marco , Cai Xiongwei , Speck Nancy A. , Bushweller John H. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
AML1-ETO is the chimeric protein product of the t(8;21) in acute myeloid leukemia. The ETO portion of the fusion protein includes the eTAFH domain, which is homologous to several TATA binding protein–associated factors (TAFs) and interacts with E proteins (E2A and HEB). It has been proposed that AML1-ETO–mediated silencing of E protein function might be important for t(8;21) leukemogenesis. Here, we determined the solution structure of a complex between the AML1-ETO eTAFH domain and an interacting peptide from HEB. On the basis of the structure, key residues in AML1-ETO for HEB association were mutated. These mutations do not impair the ability of AML1-ETO to enhance the clonogenic capacity of primary mouse bone marrow cells and do not eliminate its ability to repress proliferation or granulocyte differentiation. Therefore, the eTAFH-E protein interaction appears to contribute relatively little to the activity of AML1-ETO.
Arthroscopic shoulder assessment in Turkish amateur boxers
Authors: Özkan Hüseyin , Yanmış İbrahim , Kürklü Mustafa , Şehirlioğlu Ali , Tunay Servet , Kömürcü Mahmut , Başbozkurt Mustafa 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe most common injuries reported in the literature regarding the sport of boxing are to the brain, eyes, kidneys and hands. Shoulder injuries have not been fully reported in the literature until recently, as a result we aimed to present our arthroscopic findings in amateur boxers. Ten amateur boxers with complaints of pain in the shoulder region and decreased performance during sportsplay were enrolled. They were evaluated by physical examination, radiology and arthroscopy. There were no clinical findings of instability. One patient was found to have subacromial impingement; six had crepitation at various degrees during shoulder movements. At arthroscopy, all patients had a variety of pathological findings. Five patients had Grade 1, three had Grade 2, and two had Grade 3 chondropathy. Various degrees of fraying of the anterosuperior and posterosuperior regions of the glenoid labrum were noted in all cases. Three patients had superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions, one patient had a posterior labroligamentous lesion, and one had chondral erosion in the anterosuperior portion of the humeral head. In conclusions, although the injury mechanism of the shoulder during boxing is unknown, this study shows that shoulder complaints in boxers should be considered as possible indicators of serious intra-articular lesions.