bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Early history of Phenomenological Psychological Research in America
Authors: Cloonan Thomas F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article on the early history of phenomenological psychological research in the academic context in America focuses on the four approaches of the following respective psychologists: 1) Donald Snygg, Arthur W. Combs, and Anne C. Richards and Fred Richards; 2) Robert B. MacLeod; 3) Adrian L. van Kaam; and 4) Amedeo P. Giorgi. It begins by first addressing the "context" for this early history namely, the European origin of philosophical phenomenology and the connection of it with the psychology of its times in Europe, and then the American background for the development of a sensibility for phenomenology and an eventual connection of phenomenology with psychology. Each of the four positions was examined in terms of basic approach to the study of human experience and behavior. That is, examination was directed toward whether the respective position was under the aegis of psychology as a human science or as a natural science. Also examined were the research postures and the methodologies of the four positions in terms of their respective degrees of reflecting either the human science or the natural science approach, and in terms of their approximation to a phenomenological psychology. It was found that syncretism characterized the approaches of the first three positions, and that there was either an absence of phenomenological psychological method in the psychologies of those positions or, in the case of MacLeod, an undeveloped and non-worked-out method. Only the work of Amedeo Giorgi presented 1) a human science approach that was radical and not compromised by natural science syncretions, and 2) an articulated phenomenological psychological method based on Husserl's concept of intentionality and on mediation of Merleau-Ponty's philosophical phenomenological method.
The False Dasein: From Heidegger To Sartre and Psychoanalysis1
Authors: Mills Jon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe analysis of Dasein's struggle for authenticity will be the main focus of this article. By virtue of Dasein's ontological predispositions, selfhood is subjected to inauthentic existential modalities already constitutive of its Being. In the case of the false Dasein, fallenness is exacerbated in that Dasein constricts its comportment primarily to the modes of the inauthentic, thereby abdicating its potentiality-for-Being. The false Dasein results from ontical encounters within pre-existing deficient ontological conditions of Being-in-the-world that are thrust upon selfhood as its facticity. These deficient ontological structures predispose Dasein to develop intrapsychic psychological deficits that further contribute to Dasein's false existence. Through the medium of Heidegger's existential ontology, Sartrean bad faith, and psychoanalysis, I will demonstrate that the throes of selfhood encompass a dialectical course meandering through experiential modes of authenticity and falsehood, in which this very process itself is an authentic enterprise, that is, it is the necessary constitutional structure of Dasein itself as Being-toward-becoming its possibilities.
The Ak-Alakh "Frozen Grave" Barrow
Authors: Polosmak N.V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe 30-year hiatus in the investigation of the frozen Scythian barrows of the Altai was occasioned by the inaccessibility of the region, the need to conserve finds on site and to involve specialists of many different fields, as well as the particular requirements of defrosting such graves. In the summer of 1990 a frozen grave barrow of the 4th-3rd c. B.C. was investigated at Ak-Alakh near the Chinese border. The mound (only 30 cm. high) was excavated by hand and found to cover a grave pit, 5 x 5 x 3m. deep, with a wooden frame and log covering. Its NE section contained the poorly preserved remains of several horses, their harness and saddles (covered with felt appliqué work). An inner burial chamber, completely filled with ice, contained burial goods and two coffins, each with one corpse. One was the body of a middle-aged Europcan-type man. His headdress, clothing, ornaments and weapons were present in varying states of preservation. The second was of a young European-type woman. Fragments of weapons, clothing and ornaments were found here too. The burials were of middle-ranking nobles and the finds add considerably to our knowledge of the decorative techniques and iconography of the period. The undisturbed condition of the grave also permits the reconstruction of many previously unknown items of clothing.
A Boeotian Lekanis From Chersonesus
Authors: Zolotarev M.I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRecent archaeological investigations confirm the existence of a Greek settlement in SW Taurica in the late 6th c. B.C., probably a joint enterprise undertaken by the Dorian city of Heraclea and the Ionian town of Sinope. The reliable find at Chersonesus of the lid of a large black-figure Boeotian lekanis of the 3rd quarter of the 6th c. B.C. is the first on the Northern Black Sea coast. It is suggested that this vessel could have been brought to Taurica in the last quarter of the 6th c. B.C. by a Heraclean colonist who originally came from Boeotia.
The MBAC and the Harappan Script
Authors: During Caspers Elisabeth C.L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe article deals with interpretation of inscriptions consisting of Indus characters recovered outside the boundaries of the Indus Valley, primarily in Arabian Gulf regions and in Southern Mesopotamia. The author makes a supposition that inscriptions on foreign (non-Harappan) seals and objects with non-Harappan sign sequences and/or inclusion of non-Harappan signs could belong not to the so-called "new Sumerians," acculturated and integrated Meluhhans who lived in the Gulf region, but to the Murghabo-Bactrians who had come to the Arabian Gulf and Southern Mesopotamia. The latter could have acquired some knowledge of the Harappan script and language at their home in Central Asia.
The Kitab Misbah Al-'Aql of Severus Ibn Al-Muqaffa': a Profile of the Christian Creed in Arabic in Tenth Century Egypt
Authors: Griffith Sidney 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAfter a brief sketch of the career of the Coptic bishop Severus ibn al-Muqaffa', and a survey of his published works in Arabic, the article concentrates on the author's important text called The Lamp of Understanding (Kitāb
Coptic Historiography in the Fātimid, Ayyubid and Early Mamluk Periods'
Authors: Den Heijer Johannes 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article intends to give a brief overview of Arabic historiographical works compiled by Coptic authors between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. Each section of the paper deals with various aspects of one particular text. Within each section, an account is given first of the structure of the composition of the text. This is followed by a short outline of the biographical data on the author or compiler, whenever available. The aim of this sub-section is to characterize the author in terms of his social and confessional position and more particularly to try to find out to what extent he may have been subject to influences from the adjacent (Muslim, Jewish, Melkite) communities. In the third sub-section, the sources, in as far as these have been identified in previous studies, are reviewed and presented in such a way as to indicate to what degree the compiler made use of material originating from confessional groups other than his own Coptic tradition. Conversely, the fourth and last sub-section on each text, contains remarks on the later impact and reception of the text, both within and outside Coptic readership itself. In the concluding section, it is argued that this analysis, despite the manifold uncertainties it cannot solve immediately, suggests a development that moves from a horizon limited to the cultural heritage of the traditions of the Coptic community towards the much more cosmopolitan or universalist cultural environment of the "Coptic Renaissance" of the thirteenth century.
The Phenomenon of the Fatimid Armenians
Authors: Dadoyan Seta B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study is an initial statement in support of a broader thesis concerning the contexts in which a re-evaluation of Armenian history and interactions between Armenians and Muslims can be attempted. Through a contextual study of all information, including such marginalized data as the history of the sects, obscure episodes such as the "Armenian period" during the last century of the Fatimid caliphate will not only be given explanations, but also contribute to the reconstruction of a hitherto concealed stratum in the medieval history of the Near East.
The Specifically Egyptian Context of a Coptic Arabic Text: Chapter Nine of the Kitab Al-Idah of Sawirus Ibn Al-Muqaffac"
Authors: Swanson Mark N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe catechetical compilation Kitab al-Idah ("The Book of the Elucudation") of the tenth-century Coptic bishop and theologian Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa' is one of the most frequently copied theological texts of the Arabic-speaking Coptic Church. While its first eight chapters deal with the principal doctrines and practices of the faith, Chapter Nine-omitted from the most recent printed edition of the work-must be understood against the backdrop of the flourishing speculation about supernatural beings and the afterlife that has long characterised Egyptian religion, including Coptic Christianity. In this chapter Sawirus responds to a homily, attributed to Theophilus of Alexandria, on the Angel of Death: the reason for his being granted authority over humankind, and the day of his feast. With considerable passion, Sawirus refutes this homily with arguments drawn from common sense, science, scripture and theology; for him, the cult of the Angel of Death is nothing but a ruse of Satan. However, Sawirus does not simply dismiss Egyptian Christian concern about the realm of supernatural beings. Instead, he attempts to absorb this realm more completely into the world of the Bible by summarizing or redescribing the Bible's central story as that of Christ's deception of and victory over Satan and his demonic host. While this narrative is rooted in ancient soteriological tradition, Sawirus' rendering is fresh and entertaining. The popularity of the Kitab al-Idah suggests that many generations of Egyptian Christians found it not merely entertaining, but genuinely elucidating.
Haymarus's Relatio Tripartita in Anglo-Norman
Authors: Hunt Tony 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIdentifies two new Anglo-Norman MSS of a vernacular French translation of Haymarus Monachus, Relatio tripartita ad Innocentium III de viribus Agarenorum, investigates the relationship between five insular MSS, and prints the text from MS Oxford, Bodleian Library, Douce 137.
Holy Queens as Agents of Christianization in Bede's Ecclesiastical History: a Reconsideration
Authors: Armstrong Dorsey 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People contains numerous accounts of what has been termed by some scholars "conversion by marriage," episodes in which a royal bride acts as the first agent of Christianity in a heathen land. Yct, a close examination of the accounts of the Northumbrian, Kentish, Middle Angle and South Saxon conversions reveals a manipulation of the historical accounts which serves to de-emphasize the power and participation of these queens in the subsequent Christianization of the nation. This article argues that the "conversion by marriage" model in the Ecclesiastical History is, in fact, not a viable model at all. This article will further argue that analysis of these particular conversion narratives reveals less about the power and influence of royal women (or Bede's own attitudes and concerns regarding the matter) and more about the larger agenda of the text. An analysis of the intersection of gender and faith within Bede's work points to the subtlety of purpose and design behind the massive undertaking which was the Ecclesiastical History.
Francia as "Christendom": the Merovingian Vita Dom.Nae Balthildis
Authors: Sghroed Caroline T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis essay presents a discursive analysis of the Vita Domnae Balthildis, arguing that it depicts a new model of the Christianization of a kingdom and a new paradigm for the ideal ruler: a queen whose piety and humility lead to the political unification of her country and to its favor before God. First, the use of scriptural allusions portray Balthild as a servant of God in line with key biblical figures of Christianity's past. Second, the text depicts a Francia united in a way that diflers from previous literary models of Christianization, particularly those of Clovis and Constantine. Third, the model of royal, feminine piety is distinct from other Frankish hagiography. Balthild is the linchpin in God's salvific plan for Francia, which itself is envisioned as what later would be called Christendom.
Re-Appropriating Sacred Space: Medieval Jews and Muslims Seeking Elijah and Al-Khadir1
Authors: Meri Josef W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study suggests a number of ways in which Jews and Muslims venerated the Prophet Elijah and his Islamic counterpart al-Khadir in the Near Eastern context from the twelfth through seventeenth centuries. In invoking the Prophet, devotees sought to reclaim and rediscover the sacred in tradition and physically and ritually represent it. The discussion first focuses on the depiction of the shrines of Elijah in Jewish travel itineraries. The profound experience of the fourteenth-century Karaite scribe and poet Moses b. Samuel at a shrine of the Prophet is testament to his widespread veneration among Damascene Jews. This is followed by a discussion of a number of Muslim shrines of al-Khadir and two unique thirteenth-century biographical accounts. The first is of the Sufi saint Abu Bakr b. Fityan al-Arawdakis (d. 672/ 1273 C.E.) grandfather Ma'bad who sometime during the twelfth century encounters the Prophet in his sleep. The second is of Khumartash 'Abd Allah al-Bajanī al-Turkī, an Aleppan soldier who renounces his evil ways after seeing al-Khadir in a series of dream encounters. Both these men's visions result in the construction of shrines dedicated to the Prophet in Syria.
Ibn Al-Rifa On the Churches and Synagogues of Cairo'
Authors: Ward Seth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMamlūk Egypt witnessed a great degree of pressure on non-Muslims, and saw the conversion of many to Islam. In 1301, riots led to the closure of numerous houses of worship of non-Muslims, an act supported by a fatwā written by Najm al-Dīn ibn al-Rifā. Ibn al-Rifā offered five arguments against maintaining dhimmī houses of worship: (1) non-Muslims seeking to preserve their houses of worship must always be considered plaintiffs, that is, that the burden of proof falls upon them; (2) The contradiction between arguments that there were no synagogues or churches prior to the building of the city and those arguing for preservation based on maintaining existing buildings must be resolved by placing the burden of proof on the dhimmīs; (3) There was no peace agreement in Cairo, a necessary precondition for allowing non-Muslims to retain their houses of worship; (4) Even were there a peace agreement, it would have lapsed; and (5) Dhimmīs must prove they have not contravened individual terms of the treaty, even unrelated to houses of worship. Ibn al-Rifā's fatwā generated much support, but eventually the churches and synagogues were returned to their communities. Nevertheless, it reflects the attitudes of the times and was part of the pressures which led to greater conversion to Islam.
The Influence of Zāhirī Theory On Ibn Hazm's Theology: the Case of His Interpretation of the Anthropomorphic Text "the Hand of God"
Authors: Makin AL 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBoth the Bible and the Qur¸ān contain anthropomorphic passages, and so a theological debate over their interpretation is very common in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In the Qur¸ān, there are several anthropomorphic texts which describe God as having bodily features like those of human beings. For instance, God is said to have a face, eyes, feet, and hands. Various attempts were made to interpret such texts, either literally by accepting the corporcality of God or metaphorically by avoiding the implication of anthropomorphic texts. It is interesting how Ibn Hazm, who upheld Zāhirī theory (maintaining the literal meaning), tried to interpret Qur. 38:76, 5:67, 48:10 and 36:70 where reference is made to "the Hand of God." On the one hand, he felt he should maintain the literal meaning, according to which god is supposed to have hands. On the other hand, he declared himself to be a defender of tawhīd (the unity of God), which demanded that he reject all possibility of similarities between God and any of his creatures. This paper will focus on Ibn Hazm's argument by looking at his al-Fisal wa al-Milal wa al-Nihal.
Prosper Marchand, auteur et éditeur
Authors: Berkvens-Stevelinck Christiane 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn 1736 the collection of books and MSS. of the French bibliophile Prosper Marchand, comprising no fewer than 77 MSS. and 2700 printed books, was bequeathed to the University Library of Leiden. Prosper Marchand was born on 11 iMarch 1678 in the village of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where he also spent his early youth. The Marchand family subsequently moved to Guise and Prosper went to school in Versailles. In 1693 he became a bookseller's apprentice in Paris, and on 1 August 1698 he was enrolled as a member of the Paris booksellers' guild. He then opened a bookshop of his own in the Rue Saint Jacques and quickly managed to turn it into a true centre for booklovers. However, having become a Protestant, he had to leave France in 1709, and he fled to The Hague where he continued his old trade. He then went to Amsterdam, where he started a bookshop in 1711, and later to Rotterdam, but finally settled in The Hague in c. 1723. As from 1713, however, he had given up the trade in order to be able to devote himself to his various studies and other activities: as a result of this he became one of the editors of the famous Journal littéraire. He died in The Hague on 14 June 1756. The most famous fruits of his pen are without doubt his Histoire de l'origine et des premiers progrès de l'imprimerie (The Hague, Vve Levier, 1740) and his Dictionnaire historique ou mémoires critiques et littéraires concernant la vie et les ouvrages de divers personnages distingués particulièrement dans la République des lettres (The Hague 1758-9). The latter work was published posthumously by Jean-Nicolas Sebastien Allamand. Marchand also edited several works by other authors; a chronological list of these may be found in the above article. If one takes into consideration the nature of Marchand's activities both as a journalist and as a letter-writer, one cannot but admit that he was an erudite man of great accomplishment.
A list of Dutch book auction sale catalogues printed before 1611
Authors: Van Selm Bert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe descriptions of the Dutch book auction sale catalogues of the period 1599-1610 are preceded by an introduction and a justification. The introduction includes a critical discussion of earlier lists of seventeenth-century Dutch catalogues. Two important collections receive particular attention, viz. those in the Royal Library in Copenhagen and the University Library, Heidelberg. In his justification the author refers to two catalogues of 1598 of which, however, there are no known extant copies. Each description, besides a list of copies, contains references in the literature to the catalogue concerned. The article gives a chronological survey of sales and indexes to auctioneers, printers and the present locations of copies.
Pieter Blaeu and Antonio Magliabechi
Authors: Van Veen Henk Th. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe subject of this article is a collection of letters from Pieter Blaeu to Antonio Magliabechi, the librarian of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. These letters are kept in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence. They shed light on Pieter's activities as a book-seller, printer and publisher and do away with the impression which has hitherto been conveyed of him as a man who held aloof from the family business. They also contain important information about the functioning of the Blaeu firm in its sparsely documented 'later days'. Finally the letters provide us with a glimpse of the book-trade between Italy and the Republic in the second half of the seventeenth century, a subject that has so far been studied relatively little. The present article concentrates on one of the many aspects of the correspondence - the assistance which Pieter requested and obtained on two occasions from the Italians in accomplishing Blaeu projects. The first occasion on which he appealed to Magliabechi was when he required drawings for the book on Tuscan towns which was supposed to appear in the series of books on the towns of Italy. Thanks to Magliabechi a considerable number of these drawings were executed, but, for various reasons, the plan was doomed to fail. The second occasion was when the Blaeus were proposing to issue an edition of Petronius's Satyricon which would include the recently discovered fragment of the Cena Trimalchionis. This fragment was printed in Padua in 1664 and Magliabechi made sure that the Blaeus obtained this first edition as quickly as possible. In contrast to the book of Tuscan towns the Blaeu Satyricon was indeed published: it appeared in 1669 with a dedication to Antonio Magliabechi.
Printing Baronius's Annales Ecclesiastici (Rome 1588-1607)
Authors: Rietbergen Peter J.A.N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe printing history of Baronius's Annales ecclesiastici (Rome 1588-1609), one of the chief works of early modern historiography, is closely linked with the eventful history of the Vatican printing shop, which was founded with the specific aim of printing works like that of Baronius and publishing them in the context of the church's policy as laid down by the Council of Trent. The article discusses this history as the background to the genesis of the successive volumes of the Annales. At the same time, and more specifically, the technical and financial aspects of printing and publishing part vii (1596) are examined as illustrative of sixteenth-century printing history.
Les Chevaliers de la Jubilation: Maçonnerie ou libertinage? A propos de quelques publications de Margaret C. Jacob
Authors: Berkvens-Stevelinck Christiane 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBetween 1970 and 1981 Mrs. Jacob published a variety of books and articles on the subject of the Knights of Jubilation and their clandestine influence on both political and cultural life in the early decades of the eighteenth century. Mrs. Jacob sees the Knights of Jubilation as the first Continental Lodge, founded by John Toland in the United Provinces in about 1710. According to this thesis, Freemasonry on the Continent would be a quarter of a century older than historians have hitherto supposed (viz. 1710 instead of 1734). However, if one reads the texts on which Mrs. Jacob bases this assertion carefully and in their cultural context - they are published here complete and in the original language so that everyone may do just that-it seems to me that her conclusions are somewhat premature. The resonance of these texts goes back to the French libertinage and the burlesque tradition of Rabelais, rather than that they herald the era of Continental Freemasonry.