bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial of loperamide versus dose escalation of octreotide acetate for chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea in bone marrow transplant and leukemia patients
Authors: Geller Robert B. , Gilmore Claire E. , Dix Suzanne P. , Lin Lillian S. , Topping Donna L. , Davidson Terri G. , Kent Holland H. , Wingard John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study compares maximal daily doses of loperamide to escalating doses of continuous intravenous (Cl) octreotide acetate in bone marrow transplant (BMT) and leukemia patients.A total of 36 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, all were evaluable for intention to treat, and 31 were evaluable for initial response. Based on intent to treat at the initial 48 hr, patients receiving loperamide had a higher complete response rate (86% vs. 45%, P = 0.033) than did those who received octreotide. By treatment analysis (patients who actually received the drug), patients receiving loperamide had a higher complete response rate (92% vs. 56%, P = 0.0448) than did those who received octreotide at the 150 μg dosage level. Additional octreotide patients eventually achieved a CR at a higher dosage level (78%).Loperamide at maximal doses of 4 mg po q6h is more effective than octreotide 150 μg Cl in treating diarrhea following chemotherapy in BMT and leukemia patients. Higher doses of octreotide may be required in a significant number of patients not responding to lower doses.Following chemotherapy, BMT and leukemia patients who developed ≧600 ml of stool volume in a 24‐hr period were randomized to receive loperamide 4 mg po q6h or octreotide 150 μg mixed in hyperalimentation solution or normal saline and administered Cl. Patients were assessed at 48 hr intervals for decrease in stool volume from baseline. Complete response (CR) was defined as ≧50% from baseline stool volume (BSV). Patients receiving octreotide who did not achieve a CR at 48 hr were dose escalated by doubling the dose to a maximum of 2,400 μg with evaluations at 48 hr intervals. Patients receiving loperamide who did not achieve a CR at 48 hr had treatment discontinued.
Danazol distribution in plasma and cell membranes as related to altered cell properties: Implications for mechanism
Authors: Horstman Lawrence L. , Jy Wenche , Arce Manuel , Ahn Yeon S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConcentrations of danazol in patient plasma and red blood cells (RBC) were assayed over a 6‐month period in 75 patients on danazol therapy using a high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method more reliable than previous radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. It was found that plasma danazol rose regularly for 15 days after the beginning of treatment, reaching a steady state plateau of 175 ± 76 ng/ml in 20 patients on normal dose, and less for lower dose schedules. After stopping danazol, concentrations declined to near zero in a similar time frame. RBC concentrations on a packed volume basis were similar to plasma levels. However, the membrane ghosts of RBC contained about 50% of the total RBC danazol, implying about 100‐fold higher concentration in membranes than in plasma. Similar distributions were obtained in vitro with both RBC and platelets, and were confirmed by 14‐C‐labeled danazol. These findings tend to support the hypothesis that the benefits of danazol in immune disorders may be attributable in part to its intercalation in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, altering antigen/receptor expression to modulate immune reactions. This hypothesis was first suggested when it was observed that the RBC of patients on danazol therapy showed morphological changes and increased resistance to osmotic lysis. It was later shown that danazol in vitro reduces binding of autoantibodies, and protects against complement‐mediated lysis, suggesting direct action of danazol on the membranes. This hypothesis is discussed, and danazol's effect in protecting against complement‐mediated lysis is described.
Two antithrombin mutations in a compound heterozygote: Met20Thr and Tyr166Cys
Authors: Perry D. J. , Daly M. E. , Colvin B. T. , Brown K. , Carrell R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe molecular basis for a family with Type I antithrombin deficiency has been established. Amplification and sequencing of the antithrombin gene identified two mutations: Met20Thr (2523T°C) within exon 2 and Tyr166Cys (5493A→G) within exon 3a. Further analysis indicated that the propositus was a compound heterozygote but in addition provided evidence for phase disruption during the amplification and/or cloning procedure. The Met20Thr mutation appears to be a neutral mutation with no functional consequences. In contrast, the Tyr166Cys mutation is associated with a Type I phenotype.
Acquired von willebrand's disease: A rare manifestation of postpartum thyroiditis
Authors: Aylesworth Cheryl A. , Smallridge Robert C. , Rick Margaret E. , Alving Barbara M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes the diagnosis of acquired type I von Willebrand disease in a 30‐year‐old woman (G5P5) who presented with complaints of excessive bleeding in the postpartum period. The patient's additional complaints of fatigue, depression, and inability to lose weight resulted in laboratory testing that indicated hypothyroidism due to thyroiditis. Clinical symptoms and laboratory tests for von Willebrand disease and hypothyroidism normalized with L‐thyroxine replacement Thyroiditis resulting in symptomatic hypothyroidism occurs in 2–4 per cent of postpartum women. The possibility of underlying hypothyroidism should be considered for those patients, especially if they are parous women, who appear to have an acquired bleeding disorder suggestive of von Willebrand disease.
Human immunodeficiency virus rather than hepatitis C virus infection is relevant to the development of an anti‐cardiolipin antibody
Authors: Gotoh Moritaka , Matsuda Juzo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated whether or not a relationship exists between anti‐cardiolipin antibody (aCL) positivity and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and we have attempted to clarify which virus has close association with the development of aCL. We found that aCL positivity in HIV‐infected patients was significantly higher than in HCV‐infected patients. Furthermore, HIV/HCV dual‐infected patients exhibited a higher aCL positivity than patients infected by HCV alone. From these results, we conclude that HIV rather than HCV plays an important role in the development of aCL.
Serum hyaluronan is increased in malignant lymphoma
Authors: Hasselbalch Hans , Hovgaard Doris , Nissen Nis , Junker Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serum concentration of hyaluronan (HYA) was measured in 41 patients with malignant lymphoma, including 21 patients with non‐Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma and 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Thirty‐four patients were studied at diagnosis. The remaining 7 patients had relapsing or resistant disease. The patients were categorized into four stages according to conventional staging procedures. The median serum HYA concentration in patients with malignant lymphoma was significantly higher (median 40.7 ng/ml; 95% confidence limits 26.1–57.6 ng/ml) than in an age‐matched healthy reference group (median 14.5 ng/ml, 95% confidence limits 11–19.4 ng/ml) (P = 0.00032). The highest serum HYA levels were found in patients with relapsing/resistant disease, all being in stages III and IV (median 181.5; range 11.9–500 ng/ml), as compared to previously untreated patients (median 29.8; range 9.1–108) (P = 0.0002) and controls (median 14.2; range 6.7–51.2). Decreased uptake and degradation of HYA owing to malignant transformation of lymphatic tissue is the most plausible explanation to these findings.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and fatal thrombosis in a patient with activated protein C resistance
Authors: Gardyn J. , Sorkin P. , Kluger Y. , Kabili S. , Klausner J. M. , Zivelin A. , Eldor A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a 20‐year‐old woman who developed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) associated with devastating and fatal multiorgan thrombosis. The patient, her mother, and her brother were found to have resistance to activated protein C (APC), and the congenital thrombophilia in this family was verified by the finding of the Arg506 Gln mutation in factor V. This is the first case of HIT and APC resistance. The consequences of this association are discussed.
Light‐heavy chain deposition disease progressing to multiple myeloma
Authors: Daliani Danai , Weber Donna , Alexanian Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLight chain deposition disease (LCDD) and light and heavy chain deposition disease (LHCDD) are rare clinical entities that have been associated with multiple myeloma, with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), or without any detectable protein abnormality. Renal failure is common, the diagnosis is difficult and prolonged survival is rare. The first patient with LHCDD and MGUS who progressed to multiple myeloma after 11 years is presented. A rising level of monoclonal IgA immunoglobulin, bone marrow plasmacytosis, and the presence of multiple bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging provided the first evidence of disease evolution. When management of serious complications permits a long survival, some patients with LCDD or LHCDD will develop multiple myeloma.
Lymphoid malignancies following kawasaki disease
Authors: Murray Jeffrey C. , Bomgaars Lisa R. , Carcamo Benjamin , Mahoney Donald H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKawasaki disease is a childhood multisystem vasculitic syndrome of unknown etiology. Associated immunological dysregulation is consistently observed and may be pathogenic in the known cardiac and noncardiac complications of the disease. Despite the wellknown association between acquired immunodeficiency states and neoplasia, there are no reports of cancer accompanying or following the onset of this disease. We report here two children who were diagnosed with lymphoid malignancies shortly following the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, suggesting an association between the two entities.
Linkage‐disequilibrium of the senegal haplotype with the βs gene in the republic of guinea
Authors: Sow Alhassane , Peterson Eleanor , Josifovska Olgiça , Fabry Mary E. , Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal , Nagel Ronald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have determined the β gene cluster haplotype in 40 chromosomes carrying the βs mutation from individuals of the major ethnic groups living in the Republic of Guinea. Thirty‐one of these were either the typical (n = 29) or the atypical (n = 2) Senegal haplotype demonstrating that in this region of Atlantic West Africa, the sickle mutation is in linkage disequilibrium with this particular β‐gene cluster haplotype. Two individuals carrying one chromosome bearing the Benin haplotype were of Malinke ethnic origin. This is in keeping with the hypothesis that the Senegal β‐gene cluster haplotype is linked to the βs gene in Atlantic West Africa.
Cardiovascular mortality among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers
Authors: Persson Bodil , Magnusson Anders , Westberg Håkan , Andersson Eva , Torén Kjell , Wingren Gun , Axelson Olav 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundMalignant diseases but also cardiovascular and respiratory disorders and diabetes mellitus have been associated with work in pulp and paper production. The present cohort focuses on cardiovascular mortality in relation to various exposures in this industry.MethodsThe cohort, followed‐up for mortality, includes 7,107 workers, 6,350 men and 757 women, from three major old mills in the middle of Sweden.ResultsInstead of a healthy‐worker effect, a slightly increased risk for death in diseases of the circulatory system was found for male workers. Notably, work with sulfate digestion, steam and power generation and maintenance was associated with significantly increased risks. Cerebrovascular diseases showed non‐significantly increased risks for maintenance and paper and paperboard production and manufacture.ConclusionsThe differences in risk among various parts of the production are striking although it is hard to pinpoint any specific exposures. Dust and small particles along with sulfur compounds might be suspected. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50: 221–226 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of the bone injection gun in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Eisenkraft Arik , Gilat Eran , Chapman Shira , Baranes Shlomo , Egoz Inbal , Levy Aharon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmediate administration of antidotal treatment is crucial in severe organophosphate (OP) poisoning and the use of an open intravenous (i.v.) line might also be required. The state of casualties might prevent getting access to their veins. The bone injection gun (BIG) was established as a simple method for introducing an intraosseous (i.o.) line and could be applied while wearing a protective suit. The present study followed the pharmacokinetics of the anticonvulsive drug midazolam after i.o. administration in pigs compared with i.v. and the common intramuscular (i.m.) administration.A new method for monitoring midazolam concentrations in plasma was developed. Plasma concentrations following both i.v. and i.o. administrations peaked at 2 min post injection and only at 10 min following the i.m. route. In an antidotal treatment study against paraoxone poisoning, the anticonvulsive effect of midazolam appeared immediately following i.o. administration, while it took 5–10 min to exhibit a similar effect following i.m. administration.This study indicates that the use of i.o. administration after OP poisoning might provide the necessary fast response for rapid termination of convulsions. The BIG might offer a convenient method for treating casualties in the chemical arena by teams wearing full protective gear. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycoproteins bound to ion channels mediate detection of electric fields: A proposed mechanism and supporting evidence
Authors: Kolomytkin Oleg V. , Dunn Sharon , Hart Francis X. , Frilot Clifton , Kolomytkin Dmitry , Marino Andrew A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanism by which animals detect weak electric and magnetic fields has not yet been elucidated. We propose that transduction of an electric field (E) occurs at the apical membrane of a specialized cell as a consequence of an interaction between the field and glycoproteins bound to the gates of ion channels. According to the model, a glycoprotein mass (M) could control the gates of ion channels, where M > 1.4 × 10−18/E, resulting in a signal of sufficient strength to overcome thermal noise. Using the electroreceptor organ of Kryptopterus as a mathematical and experimental model, we showed that at the frequency of maximum sensitivity (10 Hz), fields as low as 2 µV/m could be detected, and that the observation could be explained if a glycoprotein mass of 0.7 × 10−12 kg (a sphere 11 µm in diameter) were bound to channel gates. Antibodies against apical membrane structures in Kryptopterus blocked field transduction, which was consistent with the proposal that it occurred at the membrane surface. Although the target of the field was hypothesized to be an ion channel, the proposed mechanism can easily be extended to include other kinds of membrane proteins. Bioelectromagnetics 28:379–385, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of operative competence during carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Beard J D , Choksy S , Khan S 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) has been used to assess operative competence. The aim was to evaluate its role in carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Methods
Over 2 years, 17 trainees and 11 consultants were assessed by a single observer using a task-specific checklist and global ratings. Operating time and previous experience were also recorded.

Results
Trainees had previously performed fewer CEAs than consultants (median (interquartile range, i.q.r.) 15 (7–24) versus 94 (61–133) respectively; P &lt; 0·001) and they took longer to perform operations (median (i.q.r.) 128 (119–143) versus 90 (82·5–98·5) min; P &lt; 0·001). Trainees achieved lower task-specific (median (i.q.r.) 23 (17–26) versus 25 (24·5–27·5); P = 0·031) and global (33 (30–35) versus 40 (36·5–43); P = 0·001) scores than consultants. There was a strong positive correlation between task-specific scores and experience for trainees (r = 0·83, P &lt; 0·001), but not for consultants. Global ratings correlated with experience for trainees (r = 0·69, P = 0·002) and more so for consultants (r = 0·82, P = 0·002). There was a positive correlation between task-specific and global scores for trainees (r = 0·67, P = 0·003), but not for consultants.

Conclusion
Task-specific checklists were more discriminatory between trainees and may be useful for formative assessment (training). Global ratings were more discriminatory for consultants and may be useful for summative assessment (examination or revalidation).
How to Polymerize Ethylene in a Highly Controlled Fashion?
Authors: Kempe Rhett 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVery fast, reversible, polyethylene (PE) chain transfer or complex‐catalysed “Aufbaureaktion” describes a “living” chain‐growing process on a main‐group metal or zinc atom; this process is catalysed by an organo‐transition‐metal or lanthanide complex. PE chains are transferred very fast between the two metal sites and chain growth takes place through ethylene insertion into the transition‐metal‐ or lanthanide‐carbon bond—coordinative chain‐transfer polymerisation (CCTP). The transferred chains “rest” at the main‐group or zinc centre, at which chain‐termination processes like β‐H transfer/elimination are of low significance. Such protocols can be used to synthesise very narrowly distributed PE materials (Mw/Mn<1.1 up to a molecular weight of about 4000 g mol−1) with differently functionalised end groups. Higher molecular‐weight polymers can be obtained with a slightly increased Mw/Mn, since diffusion control and precipitation of the polymers influences the chain‐transfer process. Recently, a few transition‐metal‐ or lanthanide‐based catalyst systems that catalyse such a highly reversible chain‐growing process have been described. They are summarised and compared within this contribution.
Ge52‐ Zintl Anions: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [K([2.2.2]‐Crypt)]2Ge5×4NH3 and [Rb([2.2.2]‐Crypt)]2Ge5×4NH3.
Authors: Suchentrunk Christof , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Coupled Spin Dimer Compound SrCu2(TeO3)2Cl2.
Authors: Takagi Rie , Johnsson Mats , Kremer Reinhard K. , Lemmens Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Easily Accessible Chiral Imidazolinium Salts Bearing Two Hydroxy‐Containing Substituents as Shift Reagents and Carbene Precursors.
Authors: Jurcik Vaclav , Gilani Mazhar , Wilhelm Rene 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Complete Reversal of Enantioselection Using Oxazoline‐Containing Schiff Base Ligands Derived from L‐Serine in Enantioselective Addition of Diketene to Aldehydes.
Authors: Chu Changhu , Morishita Koji , Tanaka Takanori , Hayashi Masahiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of Allylic Spiro Ethers and Lactones.
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang , Lee Yi‐Chin , Young Tsao‐Ching 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Suzuki Coupling of 2‐Chloroacrylontrile, Methyl 2‐Chloroacrylate, or 2‐Chloroprop‐1‐en‐3‐ol with Arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by a Palladium‐Tetraphosphine Complex.
Authors: Berthiol. Florian Berthiol. Florian , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Second‐Generation Catalyst for Intermolecular Hydroacylation of Alkenes and Alkynes Using β‐S‐Substituted Aldehydes: The Role of a Hemilabile P—O—P Ligand.
Authors: Moxham Gemma L. , Randell‐Sly Helen E. , Brayshaw Simon K. , Woodward Robert L. , Weller Andrew S. , Willis Michael C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α‐Lithio Quinuclidine N‐Oxide (Li‐QNO): A New Base for Synthetic Chemistry.
Authors: O'Neil Ian A. , Bhamra Inder , Gibbons Peter D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Threading Cesium Ions: Metal, Host, and Ligand Control in Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry.
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Scheurer Andreas , Puchta Ralph , Hampel Frank , Maid Harald , Heinemann Frank W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Liquid Promoted Highly Efficient Aziridination of Alkenes with Chloramine‐T Using N‐Bromosuccinimide as Catalyst.
Authors: Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction of Ynones and Its Synthetic Applications.
Authors: Silva Franck , Sawicki Marcin , Gouverneur Veronique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper(I) Chloride Mediated Cyclization of Optically Active 2,3‐Allenoic Acids or 1:1 Salts of Optically Active 2,3‐Allenoic Acids with Chiral Amines.
Authors: Ma Shangming , Yu Zhanqian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of Substituted Thiophenes via Pd/C‐Mediated Sonogashira Coupling in Water.
Authors: Raju Sirisilla , Kumar P. Rajender , Mukkanti K. , Annamalai Pazhanimuthu , Pal Manojit 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
sp3 C—H Bond Arylation Directed by Amidine Protecting Group: α‐Arylation of Pyrrolidines and Piperidines.
Authors: Pastine Stefan J. , Gribkov Denis V. , Sames Dalibor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.