bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells are increased whilst CD3+CD4−CD8−αβTCR+ Double Negative T cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma which correlates with disease burden
Authors: Feyler Sylvia , Von Lilienfeld‐Toal Marie , Jarmin Sarah , Marles Lee , Rawstron Andy , Ashcroft A. J. , Owen Roger G. , Selby Peter J. , Cook Gordon 
Published: January 2009

SummaryIncreased levels of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (TReg cells) have been found in a variety of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. In multiple myeloma (MM), evidence suggests that TReg cells are increased though controversy exists with regards to their function and no relationship to disease stage and treatment has been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate significantly elevated levels of functional CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ TReg cells in a large cohort of patients with MM as well as monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) in comparison to age‐matched, healthy controls. The frequency of Double Negative TReg cells was also evaluated, demonstrating that these cells were reduced in patients with MM. Furthermore, a characteristic profile of immunomodulatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with MM and MGUS was demonstrated, compared with healthy controls. This data adds further evidence to the understanding of the role of TReg cell subsets in tumour immunology and the fundamentals of the host/tumour immune conflict.
Soybean β‐conglycinin as the main allergen in a patient with food‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis by tofu: food processing alters pepsin resistance
Authors: Adachi A. , Horikawa T. , Shimizu H. , Sarayama Y. , Ogawa T. , Sjolander S. , Tanaka A. , Moriyama T. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryBackground
Food‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) due to soybeans is a rare disorder. The allergen responsible for FDEIA due to soybeans has not yet been determined.Objective
We characterized the clinical features of a patient with FDEIA due to tofu, who was well tolerant to drinking soy milk. We then sought to identify the responsible soybean allergen(s) in that patient. We further studied whether different stabilities of the allergen(s) to pepsin digestion between two soybean products are related to their clinical allergenicity.Methods
Skin prick tests and provocation tests using soybean products were performed to detect the responsible food and other factors that induced the allergic symptoms. Specific IgE to various soybean allergens were examined by ImmunoCAP®, ELISA and protein microarray assays. Immunoblotting for soybeans and soybean products using the patient's serum was also performed. Soybean products were serially digested by pepsin to disclose the stability of the allergens.Results
Provocation with ingestion of tofu and exercise induced the allergic symptoms, while ingestion of soy milk and exercise did not. Immunoblot analysis, ELISA and protein microarray assay revealed that β‐conglycinin mainly reacts with IgE antibodies in the patient's serum. By immunoblot analysis, β‐conglycinin in soy milk completely disappeared after pepsin digestion within 20 min, whereas β‐conglycinin in tofu was almost intact after more than 120 min of pepsin digestion.Conclusion
We identified β‐conglycinin as the causative allergen in a patient with FDEIA induced by tofu. The difference in resistance to pepsin digestion between tofu and soy milk suggests that the presence of undigested allergens in the digestive tract is a prerequisite for the development of FDEIA.
Implementation of pre‐seasonal sublingual immunotherapy with a five‐grass pollen tablet during optimal dosage assessment
Authors: Horak F. , Jaeger S. , Worm M. , Melac M. , Didier A. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryBackground
The optimal dose (300IR) of a five‐grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablet in terms of efficacy was previously demonstrated from the first pollen season.Objective
Here, we aim to confirm whether this dose remained optimal during the peak of the pollen season by assessing the efficacy and quality of life data.Methods
A total of 628 subjects with grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis were randomized in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre, pan‐European trial. Subjects received once‐daily tablets (Stallergenes, Antony, France) of 100IR, 300IR, 500IR or placebo, starting 4 months before and throughout the 2005 grass pollen season. The pollen season was defined as the first day of 3 consecutive days with a grass pollen count above 30 grains/m3 of air, recorded using Hirst‐type volumetric pollen traps, to the last day before 3 consecutive days with a pollen count below 30 grains/m3.Results
The grass pollen season lasted an average of 30 days, with a peak of 12 days. The mean treatment duration before the grass pollen season was similar in the four treatment groups (121.4±31.1 to 128.6±15.4 days in the safety population). Both the 300IR and 500IR groups had highly significant improvements in Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Score (RTSS) vs. placebo at the peak pollen season (P=0.0005 and 0.0014, respectively), which agreed with improvements in RTSS in the primary evaluations. The average RTSS scores were slightly elevated during the peak pollen season in all treatment groups. The overall Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score confirmed the optimal dosage 300IR at peak (P<0.0001) and at the end (P0.0031) of the pollen season. All doses were well tolerated.Conclusion
At the peak pollen season, the efficacy and quality of life data for both 300IR and 500IR groups was significantly improved vs. the placebo group. These results confirm the conclusions of the primary evaluations and validate the use of 300IR tablets for clinical practice.
Services in the community for adults with psychosis and intellectual disabilities: a Delphi consultation of professionals' views
Authors: Hemmings C. P. , Underwood L. A. , Bouras N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  There remains a severe lack of evidence on the effectiveness of community services for adults with psychosis and intellectual disabilities (ID). There has been little consensus even of what services should provide for this service user group.Method  A consultation of multidisciplinary professionals was carried out by using a three‐round Delphi exercise. Participants were recruited nationally. They rated their views on the importance of 139 items for the care of adults with psychosis and ID. These included 85 routine service components, 23 service user characteristics for those needing a more intensive service and 31 more intensive service components.Results  Forty‐nine out of 52 participants completed all three rounds of the Delphi consultation. Consensus of opinion (≥80% agreement as essential) was obtained on 18 of the routine service components, nine of the service user characteristics and five of the more intensive service components. The routine service components considered essential can be broadly considered under a need for a focused approach on the service user and their illness (e.g. monitoring of mental state) and the added need to work within the wider context of the service user with psychosis and ID (e.g. access to social, leisure or occupational activities). Five of the more intensive service components were considered to be essential (e.g. can react to a crisis that day). However, the routine service components considered essential already contained many components such as out‐of‐hours support and crisis plans also relevant to more intensive services.Conclusion  These findings can be used to develop further the evidence base for services in the community for this user group and to assist in the preparation of much needed service evaluation studies.
Programmed drug‐dependent ribosome stalling
Authors: Ramu Haripriya , Mankin Alexander , Vazquez‐Laslop Nora 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe ribosome has the intrinsic capacity to monitor the sequence and structure of the nascent peptide. This fundamental property of the ribosome is often exploited in regulation of gene expression, in particular, for activation of expression of genes conferring resistance to ribosome‐targeting antibiotics. Induction of expression of these genes is controlled by the programmed stalling of the ribosome at a regulatory open reading frame located upstream of the resistance cistron. Formation of the stalled translation complex depends on the presence of an antibiotic in the ribosome exit tunnel and the sequence of the nascent peptide. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug‐ and nascent peptide‐dependent ribosome stalling.
What is plant behaviour?*
Authors: TREWAVAS ANTHONY 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe nature of plant behaviour is discussed, and it is concluded that it is best described as what plants do. The possibility that plant behaviour is simply signal‐induced phenotypic plasticity is outlined, and some limitations of this assumption are considered. Natural environments present many challenges to growing plants, and the consequent signalling that plants perceive is becoming extremely complex. Plant behaviour is active, purposeful and intentional, and examples are discussed. Much plant behaviour, concerned with stress and herbivory, is also based on an assessment of the future likelihood of further damaging episodes and is therefore predictive. Plant behaviour involves the acquisition and processing of information. Informational terminology provides a suitable way of incorporating the concepts of learning, memory and intelligence into plant behaviour, capabilities that plants are rarely credited with. Finally, trade‐offs, cost–benefit assessments and decision making are common plant behavioural attributes. It is suggested that intelligent assessments that involve the whole plant are essential to optimize these adaptive capabilities.
Cell‐Mediated Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy against Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induced by Hsp65 and hIL‐2 Fusion Protein in Mice
Authors: Shi C. , Yuan S. , Zhang H. , Zhang T. , Wang L. , Xu Z. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHeat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) is an important immunodominant antigen against tuberculosis (TB), and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) plays an important role in the regulation of antimycobacteria immune responses. In order to further increase the immunogenicity of Hsp65 against infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), we expressed MTB Hsp65 and human IL‐2 fusion protein, Hsp65‐hIL‐2, in Escherichia coli. The expression of Hsp65‐hIL‐2 was confirmed by Western blotting using anti‐Hsp65 MoAb and anti‐hIL‐2 MoAb, respectively. Hsp65‐IL‐2 and Hsp65 were then purified by Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography. Mice were immunized with purified Hsp65‐hIL‐2 or Hsp65 emulsified in the adjuvant combination dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide and monophosphoryl lipid A. Eight weeks after immunization, there was significant proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in response to both Hsp65 and Hsp65‐hIL‐2 proteins. Interestingly, Hsp65‐hIL‐2 fusion protein elicited significantly higher levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐2 in the lymphocytes culture supernatant than that of the BCG (Denmark strain) immunized group and Hsp65 group (P < 0.05). After challenging the immunized mice with MTB, the bacteria loads in the spleens and lungs of mice immunized with the fusion protein were significantly lower than Hsp65 alone group, reaching an equivalent level as BCG immunization group. Our results suggest that the Hsp65 and hIL‐2 fusion protein may serve as an alternative vaccine candidate against MTB infection.
LE RECOURS À LA THÉRAPEUTIQUE ÉLECTRIQUE DANS LE TRAITEMENT D'URGENCE DES TROUBLES AFFECTANT LE RYTHME ET LA FUNCTION CARDIAQUE
Authors: Manni C. , Reale A. 
Published: January 2009

RÉSUMÉLes auteurs relatent leur expéerience lorsqu'il s'est agi de traiter les troubles du rythme qui peuvent exiger un traitement d'urgence: fibrillation auriculaire très fréquente, tachycardie auriculaire paroxystique, tachycardie et fibrillation ventriculaires, blocs atrio‐ventriculaires et arrět du coeur. A leur avis, si les conditions ambiantes pepermettent, chacune des complications ci‐dessus conseille nettement la thérapeutique électrique, sans que l'on s'attarde à des tentatives de traitement pharmacologique.Les auteurs étayent leur opinion sur l'utilité de cette pratique en rapportant certains cas qu'ils ont pu observer lors d'examens hémodynamiques et pendant des interventions de cardiochirurgie. Selon les circonstances, on a utilisé des défibrillateurs externes ou internes, avec ou sans synchronisation, avec ou sans stimulation, à l'aide d'électrodes endocardiques ou myocardiques.La stimulation par impulsions couplées, moyennant une amplification postextra‐systolique, a donné des résultats marquants, měme si la méthode doit ětre considérée encore dans la phase de l'expérimentation clinique.
DIE DRINGLICHE BEHANDLUNG DER AKUTEN STORUNGENDES HERZRHYTMUS NACH CHIRURGISCHEN EINGRIFFEN IN DER BRUSTHOHLE
Authors: Lebedewa R. N. 
Published: January 2009

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Behandlung des Vorhofflimmerns‐ und ‐Flatterm, das sich nach thorakalen Operationen entwickelt, wurde bei 180 Kranken und die Behandlung der Ventrikelfibrillation ‐ bei 17 durchgefiihrt. Fur die Behandlung des Vorhofflimmerns‐ und ‐Flatterns wurden Chinidin, Novokain‐amid, Cocarboxilase und Kontraschock benutzt. Bei der Anwendung von Chinidin und Novokainamid wurde ein positives Ergebnk bei 87,7 yo erreicht, bei der Anwendung des Kontraschock bei 95 yo der Kranken. Bei der Wiederherstellung des Sinusrhythmus sind Faille, von akuten Thromboembolie nicht aufgetreten. 2 Kranke hatten durch Chinidinbehandlung einen Herzstillstand, den es gelang zu bewaltigen. Bei den Kranken, die mit Kontraschock behandelt wurden, stellte man in 1/3 der Faille die Wiederherstellung von Vorhofflimmern fest. Die Behandlung der Ventrikelfibrillation war weniger wirksam, weil sie sich gewohnlich auf der Basis schwerer postoperativer Komplikationen entwickelte. Von 17 Fallen gelang es den Sinusrhythmus nur bei 9 Kranken wiederherzustellen, 3 Kranke uberlebten.
LA CONDUITE DES OXYDASES GRANULOCYTAIRES DANS LA NEUROLEPTANALGESIE
Authors: Emanuelli H. , Ventafridda V. , Talamazzi F. , Testa S. , Prada A. 
Published: January 2009

RESUMELes Auteurs ont étudié la conduite des oxydases granulocytaires (cytochromeoxydase) avec une méthode de coloration des éléments du sang (nadirreaktion modifiée) sur des échantillons de sang périphérique obtenus à intervalle déterminé avant, pendant et après la neuroleptanalgésie.Les résultats obtenus ont démontré une conduite anormale de ces éléments, signe d'une utilisation altérée de l'O2 au niveau moléculaire.
CONTRIBUTIONS AU CONTROLE DE L'ANESTHESIE PAR LA MESURE DE LA RESISTIVITE DU TEGUMENT ET DU pH DE LA SECRETION SUDORALE
Authors: Popa C. Eugene 
Published: January 2009

RÉSUMÉLa mesure de l'impédance du tégument pendant l'anesthésie, comme test quantitatif, associé, à l'appréciation du pH de la sécrétion sudorale comme test qualitatif, sont des moyens simples et utiles pour le contr&#x006f;&#x030c;le de l'analgésie et le maintien d'une protection néurovégétative équilibrée et convenable. L'intensité et la durée de la vasoconstriction dans le territoire cutané est proportionelle à l'augmentation de l'acidité de la transpiration et de la conductibilité électrique du tégument. La sécretion sudorale est indépendante de la vascularisation.Les tests‐associés é la surveillance du pouls et de la tension artérielle, gardent leur valeur dans l'analgésie neuroleptique qui peut ětre maintenue à un niveau sélectif, avec la prédominance analgétique sur la neurolepsie.
Ketamine® (Cl‐581) in Clinical Anaesthesia
Authors: Gjessing Jon 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe observations made in the 40 patients show that Ketamine® (C1‐581) analgesia is satisfactory for many kinds of surgery in old people and even suggest that results improve with increasing age. C1‐581 was least satisfactory in major abdominal surgery, in which the need for complete relaxation necessitated supplementary anaesthesia in more than half the cases.Neither circulation nor respiration was depressed, which is of great importance in the age group treated, but a high incidence of subjective experiences occurred in the awakening stage.SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie bei 40 Patienten gemachten Beobachtungen zeigten, dass die mit Ketamin (C1‐581) erzielte Analgesie für viele Arten von Eingriffen bei alten Leuten zufriedenstellend ist. Die Resultate erscheinen sogar mit zunehmenden Alter besser. Am wenigsten zufriedenstellend erwies sich C1‐581 in der grossen Ab‐dominalchirurgie wegen der für komplette Erschaffung notwendigen zusätzlichen Anaesthesie bei mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle.Weder Kreislauf noch Atmung waren gedämpft, was in der behandelten Altersgruppe von Bedeutung war, hingegen hatten die Patienten im Aufwach‐stadium sehr häufig subjektive Sensationen.
CONTROLLED RESPIRATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES
Authors: Gordon Emeric 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe clinical records of 252 patients with traumatic brain lesions admitted unconscious to hospital were studied. Of the 252 patients, 51 were treated with artificial hyperventilation. The final clinical outcome in these two groups are compared. The recovery rate was significantly higher and the mortality rate significantiy lower in the group of patients treated with hyperventilation. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed, and it is concluded diat patients with severe traumatic brain injuries benefit from an adequate period of treatment widi artificial hyperventilation.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Krankengeschichten von 252 Patienten, die bewusstlos mit traumatischen Gehirnschäden zur Aufnahme gekommen waren, wurden einem eingehenden Studium unterzogen. Von diesen 252 Patienten waren 51 mit künstlicher Hyperventilation behandelt worden. Das klinische Endresultat dieser beiden Gruppen wird verglichen. Bei den mit Hyperventilation behandelten Kranken war die Erholungsrate signifikant höher und die Mortalität signifikant niedriger. Die Erklärungsmöglichkeiten für diesen Unterschied werden diskutiert, wobei sich die Schlussfolgerung aufdrängt, dass für Patienten mit schweren traumatischen Gehirnläsionen eine adäquate Behandlungsperiode mit künsdicher Hyperventilation vorteilhaft ist.
Electrocardiographic Changes During Microlaryngoscopy Under Halothane Anaesthesia
Authors: Saarnivaara L. , Kentala E. , Lauerma S. , Savolainen V. P. 
Published: January 2009

The incidence of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during microlaryngoscopy under halothane anaesthesia was studied in 82 unselected consecutive patients. Twelve patients had ischaemic heart disease (IHD).ECG changes occurred in 42% of all patients. During the procedure, the most common ECG changes in the non‐IHD group were ventricular ectopic beats occurring in 20% of the patients. Rapidly ascending S‐T segment depression was most common in the IHD group, occurring in 33% of the patients. Other changes in the non‐IHD group during the procedure were various types of S‐T segment depression, intraventricular conduction disturbances, T wave flattening or inversion, sinus bradycardia and supraventricular tachycardia; and in the IHD group, various types of S‐T segment depression, T wave flattening or inversion and supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats. In both groups, all of these other changes occurred in 10% of the patients. Aside from during the procedure itself, some ECG changes were also registered during intubation. ECG changes disappeared after manipulation of the vocal cords or after intubation, without any special treatment.ECG changes, especially ventricular ectopic beats, may be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system because they were associated with increased heart rate.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAn 82 nicht ausgewählten aufeinanderfolgenden Patienten wurde die Häufigkeit von EKG‐Veränderungen während mikrolaryngoskopischer Eingriffe unter Halothannarkose untersucht. 12 Patienten hatten Coronarerkrankungen.EKG‐Veränderungen traten bei 42% aller Patienten auf. Die häufigsten EKG‐Veränderungen in der coronar‐gesunden Gruppe waren mit 20% ventrikuläre Extrasystolen. In der coronar‐kranken Gruppe waren rasch ansteigende S‐T‐Strecken‐Senkungen mit 33% am häufigsten. Andere Veränderungen, die während des Eingriffes bei den Coronar‐Gesunden gesehen wur‐den, waren verschiedene Typen von S‐T‐Senkungen, intraventrikulare Leitungsstörungen, Verflachung oder Umkehr der T‐Welle, Sinusbradycardie und supra‐ventrikuläre Tachycardie, sowie bei der Gruppe der Coronar‐Kranken verschiedene Typen von S‐T‐Sen‐kungen, T‐Wellen‐Verflachung oder ‐umkehr und supraventrikuläre oder ventrikuläre Extrasystolen. Bei den Patienten beider Gruppen lagen alle diese anderen Veränderungen unter 10%. Abgesehen von dem Eingriff wurden einige EKG‐Veränderungen auch während der Intubation beobachtet. Die EKG‐Veränderungen verschwanden nach den Manipulationen an den Stimmbändern oder nach der Intubation ohne besondere Behandlung.EKG‐Veränderungen, insbesondere Extrasystolen, könnten über das sympathische Nervensystem ausgelöst werden, da sie mit erhöhter Herzfrequenz einhergingen.
Computerized Measurement of Cardiac Output by Thermodilution: Methodological Aspects
Authors: Andreen M. 
Published: January 2009

A computerized thermodilution method for cardiac output measurement is described. A solution of 5% glucose at room temperature was used as an indicator. Frequent measurements can be made and instantaneous readings of the cardiac output values obtained. The method had a coefficient of variation of 4.4% in clinical situations and 3.4% in experimental situations. The technique provides possibilities for simultaneous recordings of pulmonary arterial and central venous pressures. Possible errors affecting the validity of the method are discussed. The method described has proven to be valuable within both experimental and clinical work.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird eine computerisierte Thermodilutions‐Methode zur Bestimmung des Herzzeitvolumens beschricben. Als Indikator wird 5%‐ige Dextrose bei Zimmer‐temperatur verwendet. Es können häufige Messungen durchgefuhrt werden bei sofortiger Ablesbarkeit der HZV‐Werte. Das Instrument hat eine Meßfehlerbreite von 4,4%. Diese Technik ermöglicht Simultanauf‐zeichnungen des Pulmonalarterien‐ und des zentral‐venösen Druckes. Mogliche Fehler, die den Wert der Methode beeintrachtigen konnten, werden dis‐kutiert. Die beschriebene Methode hat sich sowohl in der experimentellen als auch in der klinischen Arbeit bewährt.