bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations into the Barrier(s) to Interspecific Hybridization between Cicer arietinum L. and eight other Annual Cicer species
Authors: Ahmad F. , Slinkard A. E. , Scoles G. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBarrier(s) to interspecific hybridization between the cultivated chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., and eight other annual wild species, i.e. C. reticulatum Lad., C. echinospermum Dav., C. pinnatifidum J. and S., C. judaicum Boiss., C. bijugum Rech., C. chorassanicum (Bge) M. Pop., C. yamashitae Kit. and C. cuneatum Rich., were investigated. In general, good pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed in all eight crosses and their reciprocals. En spite of a few pollen cube growth abnormalities in most crosses, pollen tube penetration into the ovule and, thus, fertilization was observed in all cross combinations. However, differences were observed in the time from pollination to fertilization, not only between different interspecific crosses but also between reciprocals of a particular interspecific cross. The crossability barrier is, therefore, believed to be due to factor(s) operating after fertilization.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Hypocotyl Protoplast Culture of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Kirti P. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBy using a system of agirose plating and agarose bead culture, it was possible to induce efficient somatic embryogenesis in protoplast‐derived calli of two rapeseed varieties, ‘Ceres’ and ‘Duplo’. Protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyls. For the initial protoplast culture a modified 8P medium was employed containing 2,4D (1.0 mg/l), NAA (0.1 mg/ 1), BAP (0.4 mg/l) and mannitol (7 %). After microcalli were obtained in four weeks, somatic embryos were induced by a two‐step method. This involved a modified MS medium containing 2,4D (3.0 mg/l) in the first step and no 2,4D, but BAP (3.0 mg/l) and GA3 (0.1 mg/l) in the second. This procedure also secured plant regeneration.
Inheritance of Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistance in Mung Bean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek
Authors: Mishra S. P. , Asthana A. N. , Yadav Lallan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of Cercospora leaf spot resistance in mungbean was studied in 20 crosses involving crosses of resistant × susceptible, resistant × resistant, susceptible × susceptible lines. 3:1 ratio was observed in all 14 F2s involving resistant × susceptible parents. The inheritance of Cercospora leaf spot resistance is thus controlled by a single recessive gene. Our results are contradictory to observations of Thaklk et al. (1977 a, b) who found monogenic dominant inheritance of Cercospora leaf spot resistance in mungbean.
Chromosome Studies in the Genus Alstroemeria
Authors: Hang A. , Tsuchiya. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChromosomes of 11 cultivars of Alstroemeria were studied to determine their somatic constitutions. Two cultivars, ‘Eureka’ and ‘Zebra’, were diploid (2n = 2×= 16), six cultivars, ‘Yellow King’, ‘King Cardinal’, ‘Mona Lisa’, ‘Appelbloesem’, ‘Pink Triumph’ and ‘Rosita’ were triploid with 2n = 3×= 24, one cultivar, ‘Orange Beauty’ was a hypertriploid (2n = 3×+ 1 = 25), one cultivar, ‘Luciana’ was a hypotetraploid (2n = 4×– 1 =31) and one cultivar, ‘Jubilee’, was true tetraploid (2n = 4×= 32). This result suggests that polyploid cultivars may have more market value in this cut flower, Alstroemeria.
Genetics of the Erucic Acid Content in Interspecific Hybrids of Ethiopian Mustard (Brassies carinata Braun) and Rapeseed (B. napus L.)
Authors: Fernandez‐Escobar J. , Dominguez J. , Martin A. , Fernandez‐Martinez J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEthiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) is a potential oil crop in which genes for low erucic acid content of the seed oil have not yet been found. In order to solve this problem the potential of rapeseed (B. napus L.) varieties as a source of these genes has been tested. Reciprocal F1 hybrids between B. carinata and a low erucic acid variety of B. napus, F2, and backcrosses with B. carinata were obtained. The fatty acid composition was determined in half seeds of F1 and segregating generations from reciprocal interspecific crosses. The genetic analysis indicated that the erucic acid content of the seed oil of B. carinata is controlled by two genes with no dominance and additive in action.
Relationship between Quality, Colour of Glume and Gliadin Electrophoregrams in Durum Wheat
Authors: Yupsanis T. , Moustakas M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGliadin electrophoregrams, protein content and SDS‐sedimentation values from the modified SDS‐sedimentation test were obtained from six Greek cultivars of Triticum durum and 98 biotypes (78 with white glumes, 20 with red glumes). Our results provide wheat breeders with the tool TO predict the cooking quality of durum wheat from early generation breeding lines, since we were able to correlate the colour of the glume with the presence or absence of gliadin bands 42/45. All red glume biotypes lacked gliadin band 45 and possessed gliadin band 42. Furthermore, their SDS sedimentation values were around 27 (weak gluten), indicating poor cooking quality. Yet, the electrophoregrams of the gliadin proteins allowed an identification of the wheat cultivars examined, since for each cultivars the pattern was different. No correlation was found between the colour of the glume and the amount of total gram protein.
Genetic Analysis of Morpho‐Physiological Traits in Chickpea
Authors: Kidambi S. P. , Sandhu T. S. , Bhullar B. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the genetic inheritance of morpho‐physiological leaf traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experimental material comprised six generations, viz., two inbred parents, ‘T88’ and ‘Bold Seeded’, having contrasting leaf traits, and their derived F1, F2 and backcross of F1 to either parent (B1 and B2). The experiment was randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic parameters were estimated by generation mean analysis using all the six generations. Data were collected on individual plants within each family just before flowering on leaflet area (LA), number of leaflets per leaf (LL), rachis length (RL), and leaflet density (LD), which was calculated as number of leaflets per unit length of rachis. A simple additive‐dominance model was found to be adequate to describe the inheritance of LL and LA, while dominance × dominance (i.e. [1]) and additive × dominance (i.e. [i]) interactions were also significant for RL and LD, respectively. Improvement or seed yield per plant may result from selection for LA by improving both RL and LL. Leaflet area may be included in the ongoing selection schemes, as a supplementary trait to increase the speed of improvement in seed yield per plant. Lanceolate leaflet shape was observed to be monogenically dominant over obovate leaflet shape, and segregated independently from purple/white flower color.
Callusing and Regeneration of Plantlets via Somatic Embryogenesis from Inflorescence Cultures of Triticum aestivum L.: Role of Genotype and Long‐Term Retention of Morphogenic Potential
Authors: Rajylakshmi K. , Dhir S. K. , Maheshwari N. , Maheshwari S. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the present investigation we have succeeded in obtaining a high frequency of regeneration of plantlets via somatic embryogenesis from callus derived from immature inflorescence explains of Triticum aestivum var, ‘Sonalika’. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4‐D, casein hydrolysate and coconut milk. A large number of embryoids germinated, to form plantlets on the medium when 2, 4‐D was omitted altogether or provided at low concentration. Plantlets were transferred to soil under natural environmental conditions and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n = 6x = 42. Experiments with nineteen other varieties show that there is a marked effect of genotype both on initiation of callusing as well as on regeneration. So far ‘Sonahka’ has proved to be the most responsive among varieties tested by us. With callus of the variety ‘Sonalika.’, we also conducted an investigation on long‐term retention of regenerative potential. During Song‐term culture, for about 12 months, the morphogenic potential gradually diminished and was finally lost, but the regeneration potential could be restored by subculturing at very short intervals.
Contributions to the Host Range of Puccinia poae‐nemoralis Otth and Puccinia poarum Nielsen
Authors: Cagaś B. , Marková J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEighty‐four grass species and cultivars were inoculated with populations of puccinia poae‐nemoralis Otth and Puccinia poarum Nielsen from Zubri; 25 species were infected. Twenty species (Poa species only) with high rust: sporulation may be considered to be the real hosts of those rusts. The largest number of host species may be classed with the tribe Poae.
Electrofusion of Protoplasts and Heterokaryon Survival in the Genus Medicago
Authors: Walton P. D. , Brown D. C. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo develop a system of clectrofusion for the genus Medicago, protoplast yields from 2 genotypes of M, sativa and 7 wild type1 accessions were determined. Protoplast extraction protocols from mesophyll cells, from suspension culture and from calls were evaluated. An alternating current of 10 volts an a frequency of 150 mhz was applied to tht1 protoplasts Ho align them in a pearl chain formation. A direct current pulse of 150 volts applied for 0.25 usec gave the highest number of protoplast fusions for material from mesophyll cells and suspension culture for both M. sativa and wild species. Over 20% of the protoplasts which occupied places in the “pearl chains” yielded fusion products. An average of 25% of the protoplasts treated with an electrical fusion pulse survived, started, to regenerate cell walls and to divide after a 12 days interval. This system can be used to produce new hybrids which, previously, could not be made in the genus Medicago.
Genetics of Seed Yield and its Components in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Middle‐American Origin
Authors: Nienhuis J. , Singh S. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic variance, heritability, and expected response from selection arc useful in devising alternative methods and criteria of: selection. The objectives of this study were to estimate these for seed yield and its components from 200 F2: populations involving 80 cultivars and lines of mostly small‐seeded dry bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of habits growth I, II, and III of Middle‐American origin. All cultivars and lines were crossed in eight sets of ten parents each in a Design II mating system. The F2 populations, without parents, were evaluated in the field in a replicates‐in‐sets design at two locations in Colombia in 1983.Estimates of additive genetic variance were significant for yield, pods/m2, seeds/pod, and seed weight. Interaction with environments was also significant. Values for nonadditive genetic variance were not significant for either yield or yield components. The estimates of narrow sense heritability, based on the F2 population mean and unbiased by genotype x environment interaction, were 0.21 ± 0.13 for yield. 20 ± 0.13 for pods/m2, 0.57 ± 0.13 for seeds/pod, and 0.74 ± 0.15 for seed weight.The expected direct response from selection of the top 20 % of F2 populations for yield per se would result in a 4.30 % increase in yield with a correlated response of 0.21 % in seed weight. In contrast, the expected gain from direct selection for seed weight would result in a 11.76 % increase in seed weight with a, correlated gain of 0.28 % for yield. Direct selection for pods/m2 would decrease yield, seeds/pod and seed weight, while direct selection for seeds/pod would reduce pods/m2 and seed weight but increase seed yield by 0.37 %.Data on yield from replicated trials in the early segregating generations could be utilized for identification and selection of promising crosses and families or lines with crosses for dry bean yield improvement.
Screening for Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsatum L.)
Authors: Tyagi A. P. , Olng'otie P. A. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifty four varieties of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were screened for resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas malvacearum E. F. Smith, (Dowson) under natural field conditions and artificial Inoculation. In general, moderately high levels of field infection provided useful information on susceptibility of varieties but 11 needed to be1 supplemented with artificial inoculation to confirm resistance. Hypocotyl regions of one week‐old seedlings were subjected to artificial inoculation with bacterial blight crude isolate using hypodermic needles. None of the fifty lour varieties tested was immune to disease 18.5 % showed a high level of resistance, 29.6 % were recorded as resistant while 20.4 % were susceptible. Another 18.5 % were highly susceptible and 13.0 % showed inconsistent disease reaction under natural field conditions. However, under artificial inoculation the seedlings showed lesions of varied sizes but none of the varieties was found to be resistant. Statistical analysis showed non‐significant (P = 0.05) disease interaction indicating susceptibility to disease at the seedling stage. This may be due to lower levels of resistance in seedlings than in mature cotton plants. The resistant varieties were mainly of African origin and well adapted to local conditions. They are therefore potentially useful as commercial varieties in their own right or as donor parents for blight resistance.
Breeding for Modified Fatty Acid Composition by Induced Mutations in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Nichterlein Karin , Marquard R. , Friedt W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeeds of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars ‘Raulinus’ and ‘Bionda’ were treated mutagenically with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in order to broaden the variation of fatty acid composition in the seed oil and to select mutants with reduced linolenic acid (C18: 3) content. The M2 generation was evaluated for fatty acid composition of the oil. Genetic variation for unsaturated fatty acids was demonstrated to be extended in the M2 generation as compared to the controls. Finally in the M5 generation of cv. ‘Raulinus’, lines with reduced C18:3 (< 40% vs. 55%) and correspondingly increased linoleic or oleic acid contents, respectively, could be selected. These mutants proved to be genetically stable as demonstrated by parent‐offspring (M4/M5) regression.
The Nutritive Value of Ten Inbred Lines of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) in Relation to their Content of Antinutritional Constituents and Protein Quality
Authors: Bjerg B. , Kbmeyer E. , Eggum B. O. , Larsen T. , Röbbelen G. , Sørensen H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTen inbred lines of fabe beans (Vicia faba L.) selected according to their quality characters have been investigated for carbohydrates, proteins, and antinutritional compounds. Digestible energy, N‐balance trials with growing rats comprising determination of the protein digestibility and biological value were used as criteria in connection with comprehensive chemical‐biochemical analysis.The chemical composition of the ten lines showed a considerable diversity as cad the results from the rat crisis. However, the content of vicine and convicine in all or the investigated lines were below the level previously found to have effects on the nutritive value, Starch, protein and fibre were the quantitatively dominating seed constituents, and all showed great variation among the lines.The starch content was not correlated to the quality or nutritive value of the seed, whereas the protein content was negatively correlated to the biological value and net protein utilization. These correlations followed the content of essential amino acids, lysine, threonine and methionine in the faba bean proteins. The content of the sulfur‐containing ammo acids cysteine and methionine are especially dominant factors for protein quality. A simple method for total sulphur determination was found nut 10 be a sufficiently reliable technique for evaluating the content of methionine and cysteine in the faba beans.Tannin, insoluble‐ and total dietary fibre are phenolic aromatic compounds which were negatively correlated with the faba bean quality as expressed by digestible energy, the protein digestibility and the biological value of the faba beans. The results obtained have also revealed, that it is not sufficient to consider tannin as a group in relation to the faba bean quality. We need to separate and evaluate the different types, of phenolics in relation to the variations in quality of faba beans. Some of the low molecular weight (LMW) phenolics in the faba beans seem 10 be involved in inhibitory effects on hydrolase enzymes, chymotrypsin and trypsin. Trypsin and chymotrypsin from different animals were different in their sensitivity to faba bean inhibitors and additional experiments are required to reveal details about these effects. It has also been revealed that fructosans Lind LMW carbohydrates (oligosaccharides) are important in relation to the quality of faba beans.
Biochemical Evaluation of Fungal Disease Resistance in Sugarcane
Authors: Leal M. Ramos , Ruiz A. , Sandoval I. , Maribona R. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo methods are proposed to evaluate rust and eye spot disease resistance in sugarcane using biochemical criteria.Eye spot disease resistance is easily evaluated by a fast conductimetric bioassay of high sensitivity. If desired, the conductimetric values may be converted into grades of field resistance by means of a regression graph based on standard varieties. The main advantages of this method art it's complete objectivity, reproducibility and independence of climatic conditions.It was also found that susceptibility of sugarcane to rust can be recognized very early in the infection process by a striking increment of peroxidase activity. The simplicity of this enzyme reaction, which can easily be automated and the speed of detection during infection are discussed as an option for rust resistance evaluation.
Genetic Analysis of DIA, GOT and PGI Isozyme Loci in Daucus carota L. ssp. sativas
Authors: Westphal L. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIsozymes are useful biochemical markers in plant breeding. This paper presents the first results on the inheritance of three enzyme systems: diaphorase (DIA), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) from leaves of Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus and the linkage relationships among these isozyme loci, marked Dia, Got, and Pgi. Methods of extraction and electrophoresis are described. Segregation ratios indicated that the DIA system is controlled by three genes: Dia‐1, Dia‐2 and Dia‐3, Dia‐1 as invariant. Two codominant alleles and a null allele were found for Dia‐2, and four codominant alleles for Dia‐3‐GOT isozymes are encoded by three genes; Got‐1, Got‐2 and Got‐3. An active allele and a null allele were observed for Got‐1, two codominant alleles for Got‐2 and Got‐3, respectively. PGI isozymes are controlled by a single gene, Pgi‐1, with two codominant alleles. Altogether one invariant isozyme locus and six polymorphic loci are postulated. Test of joint segregation suggested a linkage of Dia‐3 and Pgi‐1. The recombination value is 0.04 ± 0.009.
Phaseolus coccineus Storage Proteins II. Electrophoretic Analysis and Erythroagglutinating Activity in Various Cultivars
Authors: Durante M. , Bernardi R. , Lupi M. C. , Pini S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBiochemical analyses of seed storage proteins of Phaseolus coccineus have been carried out to identify seventeen different cultivars. The electrophoretic patterns in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and denaturing conditions (SDS‐PAGE); evidenced qualitative and quantitative differences for the three major protein components: legumin, vicilin and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The results were confirmed by isoelectrofocusing (IEF) analyses. Erythroagglutination tests showed the presence of high agglutinating activity particularly in cultivars with low vicilin content. The experimental results allow one to distinguish all the cultivars by their electrophoretic spectra and agglutinating activities.
The Attempted Transfer of Male Sterility from the Cornerstone Mutant of Tetraploid Wheat to Diploid Wheat
Authors: Hossain M. Azhar 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn attempt was made to transfer male‐sterility, mslc, from the Cornerstone mutant of tetraploid wheat to diploid wheat. The N‐banding technique revealed that chromosome 4 A of tetraploid wheat does not pair with chromosome 4 of diploid wheat in triploid F1 hybrids: consequtntly the transfer of male‐sterility gene(s) from tetraploid wheat to diploid was not successful. The culchiane induced ampliploids possessing AAAABB in mslc background were fully fertile indicating the complete compensation of mslc by the newly introduced A genome of T. monocaccum. The fertility compensating gene(S) presumably located on chromosome 4 of diploid wheat may be used to produce hybrid wheat by the XYZ system.
The Inheritance of Resistance to Septoria Glume Blotch:
Authors: Ecker R. , Dinoor A. , Cahaner A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) to Septoria glume blotch, caused by the pathogen Septoria nodorum Berk., was studied. Four quantitative parameters of resistance were measured: infection efficiency (IE) and disease severity (DS) on intact young plants together with legion size (LS) and length of latent period (LP) on detached leaves. The method of testing the disease reaction of wheat to S. nodorum on detached leaves was refined and standardised to minimize the non‐pathological sources of variation. Four wheat cultivars were tested for their reaction to 11 Septoria nodorum isolates. Two of the cultivars were crossed for studies on the genetics for host resistance, using a single S. nodorum isolate for inoculation; parental, F1, F2 and F3 populations were analysed.Interaction between wheat cultivars and S. nodorum isolates was significant, but its variance component was quite small compared with the main effects of cultivars and isolates, The inheritance of resistance was mainly additive, with low to moderate heritability, apparently controlled by 3 to 4 quantitative genes, with indications of gene interactions. LS and LP were highly correlated, suggesting pleiotrapy for these two parameters of resistance. IE and DS (on intact plants) were moderately correlated to LS and LP (on detached leaves), apparently due to a partial pleiotropy or linkage.
Genetic Effects on Host × Strain Interaction in the Symbiosis of Vicia faba and Rhizobium leguminosarum
Authors: Roskothen P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract50 Vicia faba lines were inoculated with 4 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum in all possible combinations under greenhouse conditions in 5 replications. A root‐sterile method was used for the cultures. Characters such as plant height, leaf colour, number and colour of nodules, the dry weights of shoot, root and nodules, and the nitrogen content were recorded, after 10 weeks. It was demonstrated by analysis of variance that, for example, for the dry matter of the shoot only 1.9 % of the total phenotypic variance was caused by interaction between Vicia and Rhizobium genotypes, but 24.7 % Was conditioned by the faba bean genotypes and 73.4 % by the Rhizobium strains. Differences of Vicia faba genotypes in their reaction to different Rhizobium strains were detected by joint regression analysis.