bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating phenological characteristics of two dominant grass species in a semi‐arid steppe ecosystem
Authors: Yuan Wenping , Zhou Guangsheng , Wang Yuhui , Han Xi , Wang Yingshun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractVegetation phenology has a strong effect on terrestrial carbon cycles, local weather, and global radiation partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes. Based on phenological data that were collected from a typical steppe ecosystem at Xilingol Grazing and Meteorological Station from 1985 to 2003, we studied the phenological characteristics of Leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii. We found that the dates for budburst of L. chinensis and S. krylovii were delayed with increasing temperature during winter and spring seasons; these results differed from existing research in which earlier spring events were attributed to the changes in increasing air temperature in winter and spring. The results also suggested that water availability was an important controlling factor for phenology in addition to temperature in grassland plants. The classical cumulative temperature model simulated the phenology well in wet years, but not in the beginning of growing season in all years from 1985 to 2003. The disparity between the simulation and the observation appeared to be related to soil water. Based on our research findings, a water‐heat‐based phenological model was developed for simulating the beginning of growing season for these two grass species. The simulated results of the new model showed a significant correlation with the observation of beginning date of the growing season, and both mean values of the absolute error were less than 6 days.
Lack of field‐based recruitment to carbohydrate food in the Korean yellowjacket, Vespula koreensis
Authors: Kim Kil Won , Noh Suegene , Choe Jae Chun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe investigated field‐based recruitment via visual, chemical and acoustic cues provided by conspecific wasps on carbohydrate feeders in Vespulakoreensis. A wild colony nest was excavated and artificially installed in a field site. Naïve foragers were individually marked and trained to an experimental feeder. We conducted three separate experiments in which foragers were presented with feeder dishes with different cue intensities. For the first, a different number of decoys were posed as if feeding (visual cue). In the second, dishes had been previously visited by different numbers of individuals, thus presenting different concentrations of a possible food site marking substance (chemical cue). In the third, each dish was placed in front of a covered flask with a different number of nestmates inside (acoustic cue combined with body‐odor cue). We observed no social facilitation or social inhibition due to any of the experimental cues. Previous studies in Vespula species have shown a variety of foraging strategies ranging from local enhancement to local inhibition. Field‐based recruitment mechanisms in yellowjackets may have evolved independently in different lineages.
Hard‐Surface Cleaning Using Lipases: Enzyme–Surfactant Interactions and Washing Tests
Authors: Jurado Encarnación , Bravo Vicente , Luzón Germán , Fernández‐Serrano Mercedes , García‐Román Miguel , Altmajer‐Vaz Deisi , Vicaria José María 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA commercial lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) from Thermomyces lanuginosus was studied in order to assess its interaction with commercial nonionic (Findet® 1214N/16, Findet 1214N/23 and Glucopon® 650) and anionic (linear alkylbenzene sulphonate; LAS) surfactants, as well as the cleaning action exerted by the enzyme on hard surfaces. Nonionic surfactants seem to prevent or delay enzyme penetration at the interface, thereby decreasing lipase activity. Notably, no inhibitory effect of the anionic surfactant LAS on lipase action was found, higher conversions being achieved after 20 min of enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of this surfactant than in its absence. A device for testing detersive performance, the so‐called bath–substrate–flow, was used in washing experiments with the lipase at different temperatures with or without surfactant. Employing two different oily stains (tributyrin and triolein), it was found that the lipase by itself increases detergency significantly, preventing the subsequent redeposition of the removed dirt. Expressions relating detersive efficiency to lipase concentration and temperature were obtained using “Statistical Design of Experiments” methodology.
Syntheses of Ring C Oxysterols: Inhibitors of Sterol Biosynthesis
Authors: Parish Edward J. , Luo Chi , Webb Thomas , Gorden John D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOxygenated derivates of cholesterol and lanosterol, known as oxysterols, have consistently displayed significant activity as inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase, a key regulatory enzyme in sterol biosynthesis. We have developed the chemical syntheses of ring C oxysterols for evaluation as inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis. A key intermediate in the chemical synthesis was 3β‐benzoyloxy‐9α, 1α‐epoxy‐5α‐cholest‐7‐ene (1), whose structure was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and is presented herein.
Experimental manipulation of cognitive control processes causes an increase in communication disturbances in healthy volunteers
Authors: KERNS JOHN G. 
Published: January 2007

Background. Although communication disturbances (CD) have been associated with poor cognitive control, it is unclear whether they are associated specifically with poor cognitive control or with poor cognition in general. The current research examined whether (a) two specific components of cognitive control, working memory and interference resolution, were associated with CD, and (b) associations between CD and cognitive control could be accounted for by generalized poor cognitive performance.Method. In this study, as healthy volunteers spoke, the level of cognitive demands was experimentally increased, thereby simulating cognitive deficits (i.e. a reduction in the degree to which certain types of cognitive processes could be used for speech). Hence, this research examined whether simulated cognitive deficits would cause an increase in CD. Participants also completed separate cognitive tasks that assessed working memory, interference resolution and general cognitive ability.Results. An increase in working memory demands caused an increase in CD. Moreover, working memory demands interacted with interference resolution demands, with the greatest amount of CD caused by both high working memory and high interference resolution demands. By contrast, increasing another cognitive demand, sustained attention, did not increase CD. Furthermore, performance on separate working memory and interference resolution tasks interacted to predict CD on the experimental speech task. However, performance on a psychometrically matched cognitive task did not predict CD.Conclusion. Overall, the current study provides evidence that working memory and interference resolution may be specifically associated with CD and that manipulations of these cognitive control processes can cause an increase in CD.
Participant distress in psychiatric research: a systematic review
Authors: JORM ANTHONY F. , KELLY CLAIRE M. , MORGAN AMY J. 
Published: January 2007

Background. There has been ethical concern that participants in psychiatric research will become distressed and their mental state might worsen.Method. A systematic search was carried out for studies that examined distress following participation in research that involved the assessment of psychiatric state or associated risk factors. There were 46 relevant studies.Results. A minority of participants become distressed immediately after participation, with distress more likely in studies of traumatic experiences. There is limited evidence on longer-term effects, but what there is suggests no adverse impact. Positive reactions to participation show little association with distress and these are more common than negative reactions. Very few studies of distress in research have used control groups to establish causal associations. However, what evidence there is suggests no causal role, including for research on suicidality. Researchers in this area have made a range of suggestions about ethical practice.Conclusions. A minority of participants in psychiatric research become distressed, but there is no evidence of longer-term harm. Nevertheless, researchers need to take account of ethical concerns in designing studies. Future research in the area needs to be carried out with stronger designs involving control groups.
Enhanced emotion-induced amnesia in borderline personality disorder
Authors: HURLEMANN RENÉ , HAWELLEK BARBARA , MAIER WOLFGANG , DOLAN RAYMOND J. 
Published: January 2007

Background. Current biological concepts of borderline personality disorder (BPD) emphasize the interference of emotional hyperarousal and cognitive functions. A prototypical example is episodic memory. Pre-clinical investigations of emotion–episodic memory interactions have shown specific retrograde and anterograde episodic memory changes in response to emotional stimuli. These changes are amygdala dependent and vary as a function of emotional arousal and valence.Method. To determine whether there is amygdala hyper-responsiveness to emotional stimuli as the underlying pathological substrate of cognitive dysfunction in BPD, 16 unmedicated female patients with BPD were tested on the behavioural indices of emotion-induced amnesia and hypermnesia established in 16 healthy controls.Results. BPD patients displayed enhanced retrograde and anterograde amnesia in response to presentation of negative stimuli, while positive stimuli elicited no episodic memory-modulating effects.Conclusion. These findings suggest that an amygdala hyper-responsiveness to negative stimuli may serve as a crucial aetiological contributor to emotion-induced cognitive dysfunction in BPD.
Environmental accounting and change in UK local government
Authors: Ball Amanda 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to explore environmental accounting in terms of long‐term societal transition towards “sustainable development”.Design/methodology/approachAccordingly, the paper uses an abstracted and generic framework of antecedents to “deinstitutionalisation” (the erosion or discontinuity of institutionalized organisational activities or practices) to analyse a case study of how a UK local government council is responding to an environmental agenda in the context of an array of gradual political, functional and social pressures to change its activities.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate how, in different ways, environmental accounting is pressed into use to promote such change.Originality/valueContrary to other frameworks which emphasise how environmental accounting is potentially constructive/empowering or captured/colonized, drawing on this case study the paper argues that environmental accounting may in contrast be mobilised to contribute to a process of deinstitutionalisation, even when attempts to develop such accounting are not entirely successful.
Social reporting in the tobacco industry: all smoke and mirrors?
Authors: Moerman Lee , Van Der Laan Sandra 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the process of social reporting as a proactive management strategy to bridge the divide between the social and the economic.Design/methodology/approachIn July 2002 British American Tobacco (BAT) launched its first social report coinciding with the release of the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. A case study, utilizing textual analysis of publicly available documents examined through a legitimacy perspective, was used to explore this issue.FindingsThis paper asserts that the process, guidelines and assurance employed by BAT for its social report are a management strategy to enter the contested domain of public policy.Research limitations/implicationsSince this research is limited to BAT's 2001/2002 Social Report and supporting documents, further research could include interviews with key players or a longitudinal study to compare and contrast the social reporting practices of BAT over time.Originality/valueThe tobacco industry has been heavily criticised and is now facing control via global regulation. In this context the WHO, as a multilateral body exercising regulatory powers, extends the notion of stakeholders that have the potential to exert pressure on the “legitimacy” of an organisation.
Accounting for the public interest: a Japanese perspective
Authors: Sawabe Norio 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo expand one's understanding about how accounting helps to shape, mediate and constitute the public interest, the private interest, and their relationships.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive approach is utilized to analyze the documents that have both informed and legitimized the Japanese financial regulatory changes since the end of 1970s.FindingsThe paper finds that the concepts of private and public interest, and their relationships have been mutable in the deployment of accounting rhetoric. The concept of private interest was given more concrete shape as the market‐oriented reform advanced in the name of public interest.Originality/valueThis paper sheds light on the constructing role of accounting in society, which in turn helps to understand changing conceptualizations of the public interest, the private interest, and their relationships.
Accounting and the public interest
Authors: Lehman Cheryl R. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeSeeks to explore the interplay of accounting and the broad social roles and contexts in which it is manifested.Design/methodology/approachBy mapping the origins of our current place in the world, a cacophony of ideas and philosophies emerge, and thus many possible trajectories for our future. Why (for example) are we witnessing “corporate” crime, environmental degradation, and mal‐distributions of wealth? As these are the complicated acts of individual people while simultaneously the interactions of broad social histories, we see two pieces of this puzzle – one “grand,” one “small,” and view accounting as a part of these social practices creating relationships, collaborations, and conflicts. The micro piece of the puzzle is the inner psyche of each person, while the macro aspect appeals to the legacy of critical theory * we are socially constructed and inexorably linked to our social environment. In this paper, we link these two pieces of our puzzle illustrating with examples that the personal is political.FindingsConcludes that “Like the salt in the stew, you cannot separate the two” aspects of who we are (from the song “Salt” by Lizz Wright 2003). Psychologically and socially we are presented with impressions, discourses, beliefs and interpretations; we act upon these, and we are mediated by “private” and “public” social practices.Practical implicationsAs part of the environment, we re‐create the world, offering new forms of signification and through this humans can re‐conceive new social realties and negotiate “the public interest.”Originality/valueThe use of psychology to reflect on accounting's origins in “personae” and the illustrations of broader social conscience illuminates the connectedness of individual and social values, the complexities of “who we are” and “why we are,” and the power in creating alternative social constructions.
The adoption of international accounting standards in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Mir Monir , Shiraz Rahaman Abu 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to evaluate the recent decision of the Bangladeshi Government and accounting profession to adopt international accounting standards (IASs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a variety of archival data and interviews with key actors, including preparers and users of annual reports, members of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and members of the professional accounting bodies: ICAB and ICMAB.FindingsThe paper finds that institutional legitimisation is a major factor that drives the decision to adopt IASs because of the pressure exerted by key international donor/lending institutions on the Bangladeshi Government and professional accounting bodies. Such pressure results from not only the need to provide credibility to foreign investors but also the need for strong accountability arrangements with lending/donor agencies. However, the perceived undemocratic nature of the adoption process appears to be creating and enhancing conflict among various constituencies, resulting in very low compliance with these standards.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the understanding of the diffusion of International Accounting Standards and the role of global agencies, such as the World Bank, within this process.
Photography and voice in critical qualitative management research
Authors: Warren Samantha 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to discuss how photography might help give research participants a louder voice in (qualitative) critical accounting and management research, enabling their multiple voices to be better represented/performed through the technique of “native image making”. A secondary aim is to familiarise the reader with key developments and debates in the field of “visual research” more generally.Design/methodology/approachA brief overview of the field is offered, and, drawing on examples from the author's visual research practice, how the concept of “photo‐voice” might increase participants' involvement in research in two ways is discussed.FindingsFirst, it is argued that accessibility of the method, control of the research agenda and ownership of the images give a louder voice in the process of research. Second, and following Barthes, it is contended that through their iconic and quasi‐representational nature, photographic images can communicate participants' views of their worlds with more primacy than language alone, raising their voices in the dissemination of research.Practical implicationsThe paper has especial implications for researchers engaged in critical studies of accounting and management seeking to give voice to marginal groups of people traditionally disregarded by mainstream organization/management studies.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the development of a novel qualitative methodology for accounting and management research.
Management of e‐mails as official records in Singapore: a case study
Authors: Bee Seow Bee , Ramaiah Chennupati K. , Foo Schubert 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo assess the understanding of the management of e‐mails as official records in Singapore and the mindset of e‐mail users.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory survey was conducted among corporate e‐mail users in Singapore. A total of 76 responses from users in financial services, government industries and information technology industries were obtained and analysed.FindingsThe results show that e‐mails are recognised as important business records and that the establishment of an e‐mail policy and guidelines defining use of e‐mail, as well as systems for managing them, are deemed essential. Most employees recognize the criticality of e‐mail in their work and practise compliance on their organisations’ e‐mail policy, guidelines and technical considerations.Originality/valueE‐mail has become so prevalent in today's business environment that it is now used as the de facto tool for business‐wide communication and collaboration. Many organisations have realized that e‐mail repositories represent an increasingly large part of an organisation's “knowledge assets” that must be retained and managed securely. Hence, the management of e‐mails as official records has become essential to organisations.
Mixed convection with flow reversal in the entrance region of inclined tubes
Authors: Maré Thierry , Galanis Nicolas , Prétot Sylvie , Miriel Jacques 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo determine the axial evolution of the hydrodynamic and the thermal fields for mixed convection in inclined tubes and to investigate the presence of flow reversal.Design/methodology/approachThe elliptical, coupled, steady state, three‐dimensional governing partial differential equations for heated ascending laminar mixed convection in an inclined isothermal tube were solved numerically using a finite volume staggered grid approach.FindingsThe axial evolution of the velocity profiles and fluid temperatures show that upstream diffusion has an important effect near the inlet of the heating region. As a result, both the wall shear stress and the Nusselt number are affected upstream of the heating zone. Flow reversal occurs of GF≥9 × 105. The shape and size of the region with negative velocities depends strongly on the value of the Grashof number. The effect of the Grashof number on the axial evolution of the wall shear stress and the Nusselt number is shown to be very important in the region of developing flow.Research limitations/implicationsThe results have been calculated for one Reynolds number (Re=100), a single fluid (air) and one tube inclination (45°).Practical implicationsFurther results of this type can be mapped and would be useful for heat exchanger design.Originality/valueThis is the first time that flow reversal has been calculated numerically for inclined tubes. Most previous studies concern horizontal or vertical tubes and use axially parabolic equations which are easier to solve but can not calculate the flow field in the region with backflow.
Art in the community for potentially vulnerable mental health groups
Authors: Argyle Elaine , Bolton Gillie 
Published: January 2007

PurposeDrawing on literature and the evaluation of a UK community Arts in Health project, this article aims first to demonstrate that, in spite of the common association in mental health practice between art and the use of psychotherapeutic techniques, involvement in art creation can, in itself, have a sustained and positive impact on the mental and social wellbeing of participants and, second, to give an analysis of the different forms of arts involvement in health.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative evaluation of a successful process‐based arts in health‐care provision to existing vulnerable mental health community groups is discussed.FindingsWhile the implementation of traditional forms of art therapy tends to be the preserve of those with specialist training, process‐orientated art for health projects have been found to be more versatile and are developments in which many practitioners potentially play an important part. Arts in Health provision in a community setting can offer positive health benefits, and aid health promotion.Practical implicationsMore widespread, sustained funding and further evaluation and research for this accessible, cost‐effective means of health promotion in a community setting are needed.Originality/valueArts in Health, in institutions (such as prison and hospital) as well as community, is a rapidly expanding, successful and attractive, yet severely under‐funded provision. Descriptive in‐depth evaluations and critical analyses of the field, such as that presented here, need to be made available in order to develop the field practically and theoretically.