bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic investigations of the chiral interactions between lipase and the herbicide dichlorprop
Authors: Wen Yue‐Zhong , Yuan Yu‐Li , Shen Chen‐Si , Liu HUI‐Jun , Liu Wei‐Ping 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe enantioselective interaction between penicillium expansum alkaline lipase and chiral phenoxypropionic acid herbicide dichlorprop was studied by using UV differential spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry in the presence of a pH 8, phosphate buffer solution. Chiral differences in the UV absorption and fluorescence spectra of lipase with dichlorprop were detected. (R)‐Dichlorprop interacted the strongest with lipase as measured by both UV absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometry, followed by (Rac)‐dichlorprop, while (S)‐dichlorprop had the weakest interaction. The hydrophobic interaction seem to play the dominant role in the interactions and the (R)‐enantiomer needed the minimum put of energy to drive the endothermic reaction, while the Rac‐type and S‐type compounds needed more for the reaction to take place. In the meantime, the catalytic hydrolysis of FDA with lipase show that (R)‐DCPP could inhibit lipase the most strongly relatively at the same condition, perhaps because (R)‐DCPP had a stronger combining effect and high enantiomeric selectivity on lipase than (Rac)‐DCPP and (S)‐DCPP. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast retinal vessel tree extraction: A pixel parallel approach
Authors: Alonso‐Montes C. , Vilariño D. L. , Dudek P. , Penedo M. G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEarly ocular disease diagnosis is an important field in medical research. From the image processing point of view, many strategies and algorithms have been developed to deal with the extraction of the retinal vessel tree. Although reliable and accurate results have been obtained, the main disadvantage in most of these proposals is the high computation effort required. In this paper, a methodology to extract the retinal vessel tree has been developed and tested in a fine‐grain pixel‐parallel processor array. An analysis of the execution time has been made to demonstrate its capabilities regarding the computation speed. Moreover, an analysis of the accuracy using a publicly available database has been made to validate the algorithm performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VAMP2 is expressed in myogenic cells during rat development
Authors: Tajika Yuki , Murakami Tohru , Sato Mahito , Kubota Fumitaka , Yorifuji Hiroshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVesicle‐associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) is a member of the SNARE family of proteins that regulate the intracellular vesicle fusion process. This study investigated the developmental expression of VAMP2 in the rat embryo. In the trunk, VAMP2 was primarily found in the heart on embryonic day (E) 10. On E12.5, VAMP2 expression was found in nerve fibers, somites, and heart. In somites, epithelial cells in the dorsomedial lip, and elongated myoblasts in myotome were positive for VAMP2. On E16.5, VAMP2 was expressed in the heart, nerve fibers, and skeletal muscles. In skeletal muscles, multinuclear myotubes were positive for VAMP2. In the head, where muscles are derived both from somitic and non‐somitic origin, VAMP2 was found in myotubes of the extrinsic ocular muscles and masseter muscle on E16.5. These findings suggest the involvement of VAMP2 in the development of skeletal muscles of somitic and non‐somitic origins. Developmental Dynamics 237:1886–1892, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two different mechanisms of planar cell intercalation leading to tissue elongation
Authors: Honda Hisao , Nagai Tatsuzo , Tanemura Masaharu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDuring development, certain cells intercalate with each other towards tissue‐elongation, exemplified in sea‐urchin gut‐elongation, amphibian gastrulation, and Drosophila germ‐band extension. Their mechanism is not universal among intercalation events. To clarify the minimal cellular properties required for cell‐intercalation, we computer‐simulated the process using three‐dimensional geometrical cell‐models. We identified two different mechanisms: (1) cell‐junction‐remodeling by cell‐junction contraction along a specific direction, as observed in Drosophila germ‐band extension, and (2) cell‐shuffling by orientated cell‐extension of bipolar cells, as observed in amphibian gastrulation. The cell‐junction‐remodeling was characterized by well‐defined accumulation of contractile molecules along a specific direction of cell‐junctions. Length contraction of approximately one cell‐junction per cell is enough for the entire tissue‐elongation. The cell‐shuffling was characterised by rhythmic cell‐extension and orientated movement of cytoskeleton within the elongated cells. Furthermore, tissue‐elongation along a polarized axis was limited to a 2.5‐fold increase in the cell‐junction‐remodeling, while no limit was defined for the cell‐shuffling. Developmental Dynamics 237:1826–1836, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of the Prader‐Willi syndrome protein necdin causes defective migration, axonal outgrowth, and survival of embryonic sympathetic neurons
Authors: Tennese Alysa A. , Gee Christopher B. , Wevrick Rachel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrader‐Willi syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by abnormalities in feeding, drinking, thermoregulation, intestinal motility, and reproduction, suggesting disruption of the autonomic nervous system. Necdin, one of several proteins genetically inactivated in individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome, is important for the differentiation of central and sensory neurons. We now show that formation, migration, and survival of sympathetic superior cervical ganglion neurons are impaired in Ndn‐null embryos. We observed reduced innervation of superior cervical ganglion target organs, including the submandibular gland, parotid gland, and nasal mucosa. While the formation of other sympathetic chain ganglia is unaffected, axonal extension is impaired throughout the sympathetic nervous system. These results demonstrate a novel role for necdin in cellular migration, in addition to its roles in survival and axon outgrowth. Furthermore, reduced sympathetic function provides a plausible explanation for deficiencies of salivary gland function in individuals with congenital necdin deficiency consequent to Prader‐Willi syndrome. Developmental Dynamics 237:1935–1943, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental pathways of eating problems in adolescents
Authors: Aimé Annie , Craig Wendy M. , Pepler Debra , Jiang Depeng , Connolly Jennifer 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine the developmental eating trajectories of adolescents and identify psychological correlates and risk factors associated with those trajectories.Method:Seven hundred thirty‐nine adolescents completed self‐reported measures of eating problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, alcohol and drug use, peer victimization, and depression.Results:Five eating trajectories were obtained. The proportions of males and females were the same in the increasing eating problems trajectory. For both genders, internalizing and externalizing problems were identified as associated risk factors of an eating pathology and reporting at least some eating problems was associated with an increased likelihood of psychological problems. Other risk factors found only in boys were frequency of drug use, victimization, and depressive symptoms.Conclusion:Externalizing problems in girls and internalizing behaviors in boys with disordered eating should not be overlooked. Atypical eating behaviors in boys are of particular concern since it increases their risk of cooccurring psychopathology. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Revisiting differences in individuals with bulimia nervosa with and without a history of anorexia nervosa: Eating pathology, personality, and maltreatment
Authors: Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Maldonado Christine R. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Joiner Thomas E. , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B. , Klein Marjorie H. , le Grange Daniel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:Early research in subtyping bulimia nervosa (BN) by history of anorexia nervosa (AN) generally found more similarities than differences, but recent research and limitations of the early work suggest the need to revisit this approach. We examine differences between women with BN with and without a history of AN regarding eating pathology, personality, and childhood maltreatment.Method:Participants were women (aged 18–55) recruited from the community and eating disorder clinics who metDSM‐IVcriteria for BN; 37 had a history of AN and 101 did not. Participants completed questionnaires related to eating disorder pathology, multidimensional perfectionism, multidimensional impulsivity, and childhood maltreatment.Results:Women with BN and a history of AN had higher levels of dietary restraint and purging and lower body mass indices as well as higher levels of all forms of childhood neglect and abuse. In contrast, no group differences were found for perfectionism or impulsivity dimensions.Conclusion:The group differences in terms of eating pathology and maltreatment have clinical implications. Further research is needed regarding if and how a history of AN among those with BN may reflect different etiological pathways and predict different outcomes. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Numbers of scaled and matched accelerograms required for inelastic dynamic analyses
Authors: Hancock Jonathan , Bommer Julian J. , Stafford Peter J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSelecting, scaling and matching accelerograms are critically important to engineering design and assessment, enabling structural response to be determined with greater confidence and through fewer analyses than if unscaled accelerograms are employed. This paper considers the response of an 8‐storey multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom reinforced concrete structure to accelerograms selected, linearly scaled or spectrally matched using five different techniques. The first method consists of selecting real records on the basis of seismological characteristics, while the remaining methods make an initial selection on the basis of magnitude and spectral shape before (1) scaling to the target spectral acceleration at the initial period; (2) scaling to the target spectrum over a range of periods; (3) using wavelet adjustments to match the target spectrum and (4) using wavelet adjustments to match multiple target spectra for multiple damping ratios. The analyses indicate that the number of records required to obtain a stable estimate of the response decreases drastically as one moves through these methods. The exact number varies among damage measures and is related to the predictability of the damage measure. For measures such as peak roof and inter‐storey drift, member end rotation and the Park and Ang damage index, as few as one or two records are required to estimate the response to within ±5% (for a 64% confidence level) if matching to multiple damping ratios is conducted. Bias checks are made using predictive equations of the expected response derived from the results of 1656 nonlinear time‐domain analyses of the structure under the action of unscaled accelerograms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combustion of a substitution fuel made of cardboard and polyethylene: influence of the mix characteristics—modeling
Authors: Salvador S. , Quintard M. , David C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe model proposed in this paper describes the combustion of a porous medium subjected to a radiative heat flux at its surface. There is no forced convection of air through the medium; hence this situation corresponds to the one encountered at the surface of fuel elements such as pellets, bricks or ballots, inside a furnace or kiln. Ash is not removed from the surface. No assumption is madea prioriin terms of the limiting phenomena. The medium is composed of cardboard and polyethylene (PE). Based on previous experimental work (Fuel2004;83:451–462), the material is assumed to be a macroscopically homogeneous porous medium. Local thermal equilibrium is also assumed. Most of the parameters required for the modeling were determined from specific experiments. Good predictions of the sample mass evolution and of the temperature levels inside the sample body were obtained for a large range of densities and PE content. A devolatilization front of about 20 mm first propagates inside the medium. The volatile matter flux is advected to the surface, which leads to the formation of the flame above the surface. Then a second char oxidation front propagates, starting from the surface. The front thickness is approximately 25 mm under the experimental conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of anterior cingulate fissurization on cognitive control during stroop interference
Authors: Huster Rene J. , Wolters Carsten , Wollbrink Andreas , Schweiger Elisabeth , Wittling Werner , Pantev Christo , Junghofer Markus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe midcingulate cortex, as part of the more anteriorly located cingulate regions, is thought to play a major role in cognitive processes like conflict monitoring or response selection. Regarding midcingulate fissurization, the occurrence of a second or paracingulate sulcus is more common in the left than in the right hemisphere and has been shown to be associated with an advantageous performance on tests of executive functions. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying such behavioral differences are completely unknown. The current study addressed this issue by comparing subjects with a low and a high degree of left hemispheric midcingulate fissurization while collecting behavioral as well as electrophysiological correlates of Stroop interference. A high degree of fissurization was associated with decreased behavioral Stroop interference accompanied by a stronger and prolonged frontal negative potential to incongruent trials starting around 320 ms. This increased frontal negativity is assumed to reflect an enhanced activity of a conflict monitoring system located in the midcingulate cortex. In contrast and starting around 400 ms, subjects with low fissurization revealed an increased positivity over parieto‐occipital regions suggesting a compensatory need for enhanced effortful cognitive control in this group. These results contribute to the understanding of the neuronal implementation of individual differences regarding attentional mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of handedness on fMRI activation in the medial temporal lobe during an auditory verbal memory task
Authors: Cuzzocreo Jennifer L. , Yassa Michael A. , Verduzco Guillermo , Honeycutt Nancy A. , Scott David J. , Bassett Susan Spear 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have shown marked differences in the neural localization of language functions in the brains of left‐handed individuals when compared with right‐handers. Previous experiments involving functional lateralization have demonstrated cerebral blood flow patterns that differ concordantly with subject handedness while performing language‐related tasks. The effect of handedness on function in specific stages of memory processing, however, is a largely unexplored area. We used a paired‐associates verbal memory task to elicit activation of neural areas related to declarative memory, examining the hypothesis that there are differences in activation in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) between handedness groups. 15 left‐handed and 25 right‐handed healthy adults were matched for all major demographic and neuropsychological variables. Functional and structural imaging data were acquired and analyzed for group differences within MTL subregions. Our results show that activation of the MTL during declarative memory processing varies with handedness. While both groups showed activation in left and right MTL subregions, the left‐handed group showed a statistically significant increase in the left hippocampus and amygdala during both encoding and recall. No increases in activation were found in the right‐handed group. This effect was found in the absence of any differences in performance on the verbal memory task, structural volumetric disparities, or functional asymmetries. This provides evidence of functional differences between left‐handers and right‐handers, which extends to declarative memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source estimates for MEG/EEG visual evoked responses constrained by multiple, retinotopically‐mapped stimulus locations
Authors: Hagler Donald J. , Halgren Eric , Martinez Antigona , Huang Mingxiong , Hillyard Steven A. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractStudying the human visual system with high temporal resolution is a significant challenge due to the limitations of the available, noninvasive measurement tools. MEG and EEG provide the millisecond temporal resolution necessary for answering questions about intracortical communication involved in visual processing, but source estimation is ill‐posed and unreliable when multiple; simultaneously active areas are located close together. To address this problem, we have developed a retinotopy‐constrained source estimation method to calculate the time courses of activation in multiple visual areas. Source estimation was disambiguated by: (1) fixing MEG/EEG generator locations and orientations based on fMRI retinotopy and surface tessellations constructed from high‐resolution MRI images; and (2) solving for many visual field locations simultaneously in MEG/EEG responses, assuming source current amplitudes to be constant or varying smoothly across the visual field. Because of these constraints on the solutions, estimated source waveforms become less sensitive to sensor noise or random errors in the specification of the retinotopic dipole models. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method and discuss future applications such as studying the timing of attentional modulation in individual visual areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing action by sulfated hyaluronan on connexin‐26, ‐32, and ‐43 gene expressions during the culture of normal human astrocytes
Authors: Ahmed Saifuddin , Tsuchiya Toshie , Nagahata‐Ishiguro Misao , Sawada Rumi , Banu Nasreen , Nagira Tsutomu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAstrocyte proliferation is strictly controlled during development and in the adult nervous system. In this study, we examined the role of sulfated hyaluronan (SHya) in the proliferation and differentiation of normal human astrocytes (NHAs). Cells were cultured with different concentrations of SHya for 7 days, and the number of viable cells and the presence of neural cell‐specific genes were determined to assess their proliferation and development, respectively. With SHya, cell proliferation increased nonsignificantly. Furthermore, remarkable enhancing action by SHya on connexin‐26, ‐32, and ‐43 gene expressions were observed during the culture of NHAs. It has been suggested that a fraction of NHAs have neural precursor activity that gives rise to astrocytes themselves, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Our results clearly demonstrated that the expression of specific genes for neural precursor cells, astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes was significantly increased to 50 μg/mL in SHya‐treated cultures when compared with that of the control culture. These findings suggest that SHya plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of NHAs and in the production of a novel material for tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effects of PEG hydrogel crosslinking density on protein diffusion and encapsulated islet survival and function
Authors: Weber Laney M. , Lopez Christina G. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe rational design of immunoprotective hydrogel barriers for transplanting insulin‐producing cells requires an understanding of protein diffusion within the hydrogel network and how alterations to the network structure affect protein diffusion. Hydrogels of varying crosslinking density were formed via the chain polymerization of dimethacrylated PEG macromers of varying molecular weight, and the diffusion of six model proteins with molecular weights ranging from 5700 to 67,000 g/mol was observed in these hydrogel networks. Protein release profiles were used to estimate diffusion coefficients for each protein/gel system that exhibited Fickian diffusion. Diffusion coefficients were on the order of 10−6–10−7 cm2/s, such that protein diffusion time scales (td = L2/D) from 0.5‐mm thick gels vary from 5 min to 24 h. Adult murine islets were encapsulated in PEG hydrogels of varying crosslinking density, and islet survival and insulin release was maintained after two weeks of culture in each gel condition. While the total insulin released during a 1 h glucose stimulation period was the same from islets in each sample, increasing hydrogel crosslinking density contributed to delays in insulin release from hydrogel samples within the 1 h stimulation period. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Ethyl‐cyanoacrylate is acutely nontoxic and provides sufficient bond strength for anastomosis of peripheral nerves
Authors: Rickett Todd , Li Jianming , Patel Meenal , Sun Wenjing , Leung Gary , Shi Riyi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAnastomosis is a common technique for the union of severed nerve trunks. This is commonly performed with sutures, a process that can be both time consuming and injurious to tissue. One promising alternative to suturing is the use of adhesives to join the severed segments. Cyanoacrylate‐based glues have been used clinically as a surgical adhesive for soft tissues. However, the acute effects of these glues on nerve electrophysiology and the tensile strength of the rejoined tissues have not been evaluated. Using a guinea pig model, we analyzed the mechanical properties of transected sciatic nerves repaired with epineural application of ethyl‐cyanoacrylate and the short term consequences of cyanoacrylate application on impulse conduction. Results showed that nerves coapted with ethyl‐cyanoacrylate were capable of bearing in vivo forces. Additionally, no acute effects on conduction were observed in uninjured sciatic nerves exposed to ethyl‐cyanoacrylate. In conjunction with long term in vivo reports from literature, the current results support the use of cyanoacrylates in nerve repair. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009