bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise epidemiológica dos casos de Sífilis em gestantes no estado de Alagoas.
Authors: Santos Dayane Menezes , Cahet Yasmyny Natasha da Silva , Rodrigues Déborah do Nascimento , França Amanda Costa , Lobo Ana Luiza Souza de Faria , Santos Bruna Brandão 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: realizar a análise epidemiológica dos casos de sífilis em gestantes, no Estado de Alagoas, de 2010 a 2019. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado por meio do levantamento de dados do departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS). A população do estudo foi composta por casos de sífilis em gestantes, notificados de 2010 a 2019, residentes de Alagoas. Resultados: observa-se uma tendência de crescimento do número de casos de sífilis em gestantes ao longo dos anos em Alagoas, com maior registro em 2018, com 950 casos e taxa de detecção de 18,9. Em relação à variável idade materna, observa-se a predominância na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, correspondendo a 47,5 do total de casos. Conclusão: observa-se que o número de casos de sífilis em gestantes em Alagoas ainda se encontra em ascensão, sendo necessário fortalecer e intensificar as ações para o controle do agravo.Palavras-chave: Perfil de Saúde; Epidemiologia; Atenção Primária à Saúde.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI GULA AREN DI DESA KEKAIT KECAMATAN GUNUNGSARI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Aini Risa Nurul , Sjah Taslim , Ibrahim Ibrahim 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis produksi gula aren di Desa Kekait
Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi produksi gula aren di Desa Kekait Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten
Lombok Barat, mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi pengusaha dalam usaha gula aren di
Desa Kekait Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah
pengusaha gula aren di Desa Kekait Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kekait Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat.
Dari tujuh dusun, dipilih tiga dusun secara sengaja (Purposive Sampling) yang terdiri dari
Kekait Thaibah, Kekait I dan Kekait II. Penentuan jumlah responden ditentukan secara
“Quota Sampling” sebanyak 30 responden. Pengambilan responden pada penelitian ini
dilakukan secara “Accidental Sampling”. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi data
kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data
sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara
dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam pengolahan hasil penelitian ini
yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan produksi gula aren di Desa
Kekait Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat yaitu 8 kg/responden. Faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhi produksi gula aren yaitu jumlah nira. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi
pengusaha dalam usaha gula aren diantaranya cuaca tidak menentu sebanyak 21 pengusaha
(70%) dan kurangnya tenaga kerja sebanyak 9 pengusaha (30%).
Reliability of RUT done on endoscopy guided gastric biopsy in detecting Helicobactor Pylori
Authors: Mohammad Ali Wasif , Tanveer Khadeeja , Zehra Asiya , Parkar Zainuddin Liyakat , Afroz Nishat 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: This study was done to identify the reliability of RUT in detecting H. Pylori in patients of gastritis by performing Histopathological examination. Endoscopic biopsy samples were taken from gastritis lesions present in the stomach.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study done at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh between May 2021 and May 2022 with a sample size of 230 patients. The endoscopists performed RUT on biopsy samples taken from gastritis lesions and sent another biopsy sample from the same patient for histopathological examination. On the basis of histopathological report, results were compared and analyzed.
Results: In our study the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of RUT were 60.81%, 67.31% ,78.36%, 46.88% , and 65.22%, respectively.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that RUT can reliably identify Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa.
Comparison of stone clearance rate based on upper, middle, or lower calyx puncture in Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (mPCNL)
Authors: Karki Kushal , Bhusal Narayan 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: PCNL is the most common surgical technique used for the management of renal stones, particularly for those with more than 2 cm stones. The aim of this study is to identify which kidney calyx—upper, middle, or lower—when punctured achieves the highest stone clearance rate.
Methods: This was a prospective non-randomised study performed in department of urology, KIST medical college from September 1, 2021 to November 16, 2022. Patients who underwent PCNL were evaluated with detailed history, examination, and investigation. All the patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria during study period were included in the study. After preoperative investigation PCNL was done according to standard protocol. Perioperative complication recorded in Performa. Stone-free status was checked after 2 months of surgery with ultrasonography.
Results: 100 patients were included in this study among which 59 were male. The mean age of patients was 33.35 years [range 18-65 years]. Upper, middle and lower pole puncture was done in 23%, 33% and 44% patients respectively. The mean stone burden of the patient was 380.680 mm2. The average time for surgery according to access was 67.34 mins, 63.12mins, and 64.07 mins for the upper calyx, mid-calyx and for the lower calyx respectively. 84.33% of patients had complete stone clearance after 2 months in the USG examination. 91.3% [21] had stone clearance when approached through the upper calyx. It was 87.8%[29] by mid calyx and 75%[33] by lower calyx. Upper calyx puncture had statistical significance in stone clearance rate [P=0.43, P=0.021, P=0.002]. 11 had CRIF ≤4mm stone in PCS, and the remaining 6 had residual stone >4mm. In our study, thoracic complications were significantly higher in upper calyx puncture 8[30.4%, 8[24.24% in the middle calyx, and 3[6.8%] in lower calyx [P=0.02, P=0.98, P=0.03] respectively.
Conclusion: Upper calyceal puncture can produce the highest stone clearance rate, but it has been associated with significant postoperative morbidity, particularly in the chest. Lower calyx punctures have less intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, but their stone removal rates are lower than those of other procedures. Therefore, the balance between stone clearance rate and morbidity has been achieved using middle calyx puncture.
Tzanaki’s Score Vs Modified Alvarado’s Score In Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis: A Comparative Study In A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rajpura Ashok Kumar , Choudhary Dharmendra , Khorwal Bhagchand , Bhutra Shyam , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Bansal Kamal 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is commonly diagnosed when a patient presents with pain in right iliac fossa. Various Scoring systems are used to diagnose acute appendicitis and mainly include the presenting signs and symptoms, but are not acceptable for patients. The purpose of this study was to assess effectiveness of modified Alvarado score and Tzanaki’s Score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Methods: A prospective observational study was done in department of General Surgery JLN Medical College Hospital, Ajmer which incorporated 200 patients presenting with the signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis. Patients were evaluated by Modified Alvarado score and Tzanaki’s Score during admission and based on the treating surgeon’s decision, were operated. Finally, the score was compared with the diagnosis done by histopathological examination of the operated specimen.
Results: The sensitivity & specificity of Modified Alvarado Score was 84.26% & 72.7% respectively with a positive predictive value of 96.15% & negative predictive value of 36.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of Tzanaki’s score was 88.2% and 72.7% respectively with a positive predictive value of 96.31% and negative predictive value of 43.24%. The diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado score was 83% and that of Tzanaki’s score was 86.5%.
Conclusion: Tzanaki’s scoring system can be used as an effective modality in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. There is increased sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy in Tzanaki’s scoring when compared to modified Alvarado score.
The Effect of Cardiometabolic Control and Malnutrition on the Prevalence and Prognosis of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Melek , DAĞ Yaşar , UZUNLULU Mehmet , OĞUZ Aytekin , ARDAGİL Aylin , ACAR Ömer , SELBEST Bensu 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:It is estimated that type 2 diabetes mellitus affects 530 million people worldwide and 10.5 per cent of these patients have diabetic retinopathy. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of cardiometabolic control, GGT and malnutrition-related inflammation markers for predicting Diabetic retinopathy prevalence and prognosis.
Materials and Methods:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who were consecutively admitted to Internal and Ophthalmology outpatient clinics were included in this study. Clinical, haematological and biochemical data were recorded. Cut-off values of GGT, PNI, NRI and HALP scores were determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association of all variables with Diabetic retinopathy. As a result, we evaluated which of these tests were predictive and prognostic for the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Results:This study included 166 patients. Fasting blood glucose(p
Quantifying Curcumin, Gallic Acid, and Resveratrol in a Polyherbal Mixture: a Robust HPTLC Method
Authors: Gandhi Sejal P. , Mate Gresi D. , Nagore Dheeraj H. , Chitlange Sohan S. 
Published: March 2024

The need for this study arises from the growing importance of polyherbal formulations in herbal medicine, particularly due to their potential health benefits and synergistic effects. In this research, development and validation of an HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of curcumin, gallic acid, and resveratrol in a polyherbal mixture are primary focus. Additionally, study assesses the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and antioxidant potential using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results reveal that TPC is 212.1 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of plant material, and the TFC is 133.06 mg rutin equivalent per gram of plant material. Notably, DPPH assay demonstrates mixture's robust antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 3.83 µg/ml. Furthermore, HPTLC method used a carefully optimized mobile phase, providing excellent resolution for gallic acid, resveratrol, and curcumin with corresponding Rf values of 0.18, 0.43, and 0.53. This method is highly linear over a concentration range of 200-1000 ng/band for all three compounds. Precision studies confirm method's reproducibility with low Relative Standard Deviation values below 2 %. Ultimately, this HPTLC method offers a simple, accurate, precise, and cost-effective solution for routine quality control analysis, shedding light on potential applications of the polyherbal mixture in various therapeutic contexts.
Impact of bio-digestate and fertilization on the soil chemical properties, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: ADEKIYA ARUNA OLASEKAN , ANDE OLUFUNMILAYO TITILAYO , DAHUNSI SAMUEL OLATUNDE , OGUNWOLE JOSHUA , IBABA AYIBANOA LEKOO 
Published: March 2024

Recognizing the significance of maize cultivation, it is imperative to determine the appropriate levels of NPK fertilizer along with the supplementary inclusion of bio-digestate (an organic fertilizer), to achieve optimal soil chemical properties and crop yields. Hence, a field study was conducted in 2022 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of bio-digestate fertilizer (D), applied alone and integrated with urea (N), single superphosphate (P) and muriate of potash fertilizers (K) at low (N1K1P1) and high (N2P2K2) rates on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays (L.). The treatments consisted of application of: D at 2500 L/ha alone, D + N1 P1 K1, D + N1 P1 K2, D + N1 P2 K1, D + N1 P2 K2, D + N2 P1 K1, D + N2 P1 K2, D + N2 P2 K1, D + N2 P2 K2, Control. N1 = 60 kg N/ha, N2 = 120 kg N/ha, P1 = 30 kg P2O5/ha, P2 = 60 kg P2O5/ha, K1 = 30 kg K/ha, K2 = 60 kg K/ha. The 10 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Results showed that bio-digestate (D) fertilizer applied alone or integrated with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control. High rate of fertilizer DN2P2K2 increased soil chemical properties and growth parameters of maize relative to low rates DN1P1K1 whereas a higher yield was recorded at a low rate DN1P1K1 relative to a high rate of fertilizer DN2P2K2. Overall, the treatment DN1P1K1 demonstrated the highest grain yield. D alone increased shelled maize yield by 187.9 % relative to no application of any amendment (control), also integrating D with N1P1K1 (DN1P1K1) increased maize yield by 97.2% relative to D alone. Bio-digestate can be used for maize cultivation in lonely soil especially when integrated with NPK fertilizer. Therefore, to avoid waste of fertilizer due to cost and negative environmental effects of excessive fertilization, the lower rate of NPK fertilizer: N (60 kg N/ha), P (30 kg P2O5/ha), and K (30 kg K/ha) with 2500 L/ha of bio-digestate (DN1P1K1) is recommended for sustainable maize production.
A SURVEY OF ENDO-PARASITE AND BLOOD PARASITE OF SYNODONTIS SCHALL (BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 1801) FROM OTUOGORI RIVER IN OGBIA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ezenwaka Chinonye , Living-Jamala Umor 
Published: March 2024

Fishes are a source of protein to human and also provide a means of occupation for the people. Fish parasites are of public health importance, reducing fish population and thereby, resulting in loss of protein source and jobs. This study aimed to reveal the presence of various endo-parasites and blood parasites in fish samples collected from Otuogori River using standard techniques. A total of 40 live fish, purchased weekly from a fisherwoman during early morning hours, from December 2022 to January 2023, contingent on availability, were transported immediately to the laboratory for parasitological examination with the sex noted and the standard length measured. Aliquot from teased internal organs and blood sample collected from caudal circulation of each fish were respectively smeared on clean slides and viewed under the microscope. The parasites detected were identified using an identification key. The study revealed that out of 40 Synodontis schall examined, 4 were infected with an overall prevalence of 10%. Females 3(14.29%) were more infected than males 1(5.26%) (p>0.05). Parasites recorded include Trypanosoma spp, Camallanus spp and Anisakid spp; with Trypanosoma spp. (50%) being the most prevalent. The study result also showed that those with body length range of 9.2cm-14.2cm were infected the most (25%) (p>0.05). Fish samples weighing 55g-105g and those with body length range of 9.2cm-14.2cm had the highest mean intensity. Weight did not significantly affect the prevalence of infestation of the fishes (p>0.05). Fish samples collected from Otuogori River should be properly cooked before eaten to avoid zoonotic infections.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG WOMEN USING THE MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL
Authors: Olaleye Teniola O. , Bodunwa Oluwatoyin K. , Adewole Ayoade I. 
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prolonged disease with debilitating effect on man. This includes many health problems because the disease is a risk factor for a number of complications. This study employs a multinomial logistic regression model to explore the prevalence of diabetes and identify contributing factors. Analyzing a diverse range of variables, the study aims to provide in-depth insights into the complex relationships influencing diabetes occurrence. The findings indicated that poor health status contributed more, among other factors, in terms of influencing diabetes. This could be as a result of having other health challenges. Also, women with stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart disease were at greater risk of having diabetes compared to those not having. Women who were active had lower risk of having diabetes compared to those who were inactive as physical activities help control bodyweight through increased fat metabolism. Increasing age is often accompanied by a progressive decline in most physiological functions, resulting in increased susceptibility to disease. It was observed in this research that DM was more prevalent in elderly women than women of younger age.
International Laws and The Reality: The Complexity of Corporate Law in Empowering Human Rights
Authors: Sudirman Lu , Tan David , Tan Winsherly , Situmeang Ampuan 
Published: March 2024

Corporations inevitably violate human rights in a variety of ways. As corporations evolved into massive multinational businesses, corporate violence—which is a legacy of colonialism and corporate power—continues to exist today. Corporate players maintain their freedom in pursuing their objectives using convoluted and obscure multinational organizations and supply networks, through the utilization of corporate law principles like the veil of corporate ownership, and also through other practices like tax evasion and lobbying of political bodies. The objective of this article is to explore the legal aspects of the problem of corporate violence, and suggesting reforms to ensure justice for the affected parties. This article uses the doctrinal research method along with the comparative method, focusing on both primary and secondary data. This article makes the case that the issue stems from the structural and systemic flaws in the framework of international law as well as in corporate laws that continually preserve corporate institutions in frustrating the advancement of the cause for human rights. To effectively enhance the corporate and human rights environment, a framework of hard law, soft law, and non-law reforms and actions is needed.
Exploring the potential of pheophorbide A, a chlorophyll-derived compound in modulating GLUT for maintaining glucose homeostasis
Authors: Paul Saptadipa , Pallavi Anuma , Gandasi Nikhil R. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPheophorbide A, a chlorophyll-breakdown product, is primarily investigated for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recent reports on pheophorbide A have shown its potential in lowering blood glucose levels, thus leading to the exploration of its use in diabetes management. Literature has also shown its effect on enhanced insulin secretion, whereas its mechanism on glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells remains unexplored.MethodsIn-silico and in-vitro investigations were used to explore the effect of pheophorbide A on class I glucose transporters (GLUTs). In-silico studies include - Molecular docking studies and stability assessment using GROMACS. In-vitro studies include - MTT assay, Glucose uptake assay, Live-cell imaging and tracking of GLUTs in presence of Pheophorbide A compared to control.ResultsMolecular docking studies revealed better binding affinity of pheophorbide A with GLUT4 (−11.2 Kcal/mol) and GLUT1 (−10.7 Kcal/mol) when compared with metformin (−5.0 Kcal/mol and −4.9 Kcal/mol, respectively). Glucose levels are largely regulated by GLUTs where GLUT1 is one of the transporters that is ubiquitously present in human β cells. Thus, we confirmed the stability of the complex, that is, pheophorbide A-GLUT1 using GROMACS for 100 ns. We further assessed its effect on a pancreatic β cell line (INS-1) for its viability using an MTT assay. Pheophorbide A (0.1–1 µM) showed a dose-dependent response on cell viability and was comparable to standard metformin. To assess how pheophorbide A mechanistically acts on GLUT1 in pancreatic β cell, we transfected INS-1 cells with GLUT1–enhanced green fluorescent protein and checked how the treatment of pheophorbide A (0.50 µM) modulates GLUT1 trafficking using live-cell imaging. We observed a significant increase in GLUT1 density when treated with pheophorbide A (0.442 ± 0.01 µm−2) at 20 mM glucose concentration when compared to GLUT1 control (0.234 ± 0.01 µm−2) and metformin (0.296 ± 0.02 µm−2). The average speed and distance travelled by GLUT1 puncta were observed to decrease when treated with pheophorbide A. The present study also demonstrated the potential of pheophorbide A to enhance glucose uptake in β cells.ConclusionThe current study’s findings were validated by in-silico and cellular analyses, suggesting that pheophorbide A may regulate GLUT1 and might be regarded as a potential lead for boosting the GSIS pathway, thus maintaining glucose homeostasis.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of cetagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zhou Sufeng , Wang Jie , Xie Lijun , Lv Zhanhui , Zhao Yuqing , Wang Lu , Luo Huan , Xie Daosheng , Shao Feng 
Published: March 2024

AimsTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of cetagliptin (CAS number:2243737-33-7) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A population PK/PD model was developed to quantify the PK and PD characteristics of cetagliptin in patients.Materials and methods32 Chinese adults with T2DM were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either cetagliptin (50 mg or 100 mg), placebo, or sitagliptin (100 mg) once daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected for PK and PD analysis. Effects on glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon were evaluated following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (day15). Effects on HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA), and safety assessments were also conducted. Meanwhile, a population PK/PD model was developed by a sequential two-step analysis approach using Phoenix.ResultsFollowing multiple oral doses, cetagliptin was rapidly absorbed and the mean half-life were 34.9-41.9 h. Steady-state conditions were achieved after 1 week of daily dosing and the accumulation was modest. The intensity and duration of DPP-4 inhibition induced by 50 mg cetagliptin were comparable with those induced by sitagliptin, and 100 mg cetagliptin showed a much longer sustained DPP-4 inhibition (≥80%) than sitagliptin. Compared with placebo group, plasma active GLP-1 AUEC0-24h increased by 2.20- and 3.36-fold in the 50 mg and 100 mg cetagliptin groups. A decrease of plasma glucose and increase of insulin and C-peptide were observed following OGTT in cetagliptin groups. Meanwhile, a tendency of reduced GA was observed, whereas no decreasing trend was observed in HbA1c. All adverse events related to cetagliptin and sitagliptin were assessed as mild. A population PK/PD model was successfully established. The two-compartment model and Sigmoid-Emax model could fit the observed data well. Total bilirubin (TBIL) was a covariate of volume of peripheral compartment distribution (V2), and V2 increased with the increase of TBIL.ConclusionsCetagliptin was well tolerated, inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity, increased plasma active GLP-1 levels, and exhibited a certain trend of glucose-lowering effect in patients with T2DM. The established population PK/PD model adequately described the PK and PD characteristics of cetagliptin.