bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic diversity and septal complexity in Cretaceous ammonoids. Effects of oceanic anoxic events on the ammonoid evolutionary dynamic.
Authors: Pérez-Claros Juan Antonio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper it is analyzed the relationship between the number of genera of Cretaceous planiespiral ammonoids and their sutural complexity estimated by their fractal dimension. It is confirmed that the dynamics of generic diversity is associated with the appearance/disappearance of simple suture genera, which are not ascribed to a particular family. The maximum oscillations of generic diversity occur in the Aptian and Albian which are associated with large variations in the number of genera with simple sutures. From the middle Campanian there is a continued loss of diversity until the end of the Maastrichtian linked to a net reduction of single suture genera. The direct relationship between the number of genera and the range of septal complexity in each substage indicates that different degrees of septal complexity are different ecomorphological strategies of adaptation to different niches. This result confirms that the specialist forms are those with simple sutures while the genera with complex septa are either generalist forms or are adapted to environments that do not undergo major fluctuations over geological time. The ammonoid generic diversity recorded dynamics is different from that of other marine invertebrates, reflecting paleobiological and/or taphonomic differences. The symmetrical distribution of septal complexity values points to the relative fidelity of the fossil record of Cretaceous ammonoids. The effect of seven oceanic anoxic events on the number of genera and septal complexity is analyzed, obtaining no statistically distinguishable effects of the oscillations of these variables with respect to those occurring in other intervals where such events are not recorded.
User-Centered Design to Enhance University Students' Sex and Menstrual Education: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Hana , Ko Ji Woon , Kim Doyon , Yoon Nagyeom , Lee Jisan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a challenge in providing university students, particularly, with reliable sex and menstrual education that caters to their specific needs. This study endeavors to bridge this gap by developing and evaluating student-led, mobile-centric educational modules for sexual and menstrual education.
Methods
The study co-designed the educational content and the mobile user interface to resonate with university students' needs. Eighty unmarried university students were randomized into two groups: a PDF group (n = 40) and a Video group (n = 40). The program's effectiveness was gauged using a randomized controlled trial design, complemented by qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews. The educational impact was assessed for the 80 participants based on the type of content delivered.
Results
The video group showed a significant increase in sexual knowledge, while the PDF group demonstrated a significant increase in menstruation knowledge. Regarding the overall quiz scores, the PDF group achieved significantly higher scores. However, apart from the quiz score, no significant differences were found between the video and PDF groups.
Conclusion
This study highlights the significance of co-designing educational content tailored to the needs of university students. Interestingly, it emphasizes that the format of educational content within a mobile-based platform is similar in effectively delivering education.
Trial registration:
This trial was registered in a Clinical Research Information Service in Korea linked with the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (WHO’s ICTRP) (30/11/2023, no. KCT0009006)
Optimizing Real-Time Data Processing in Fog Computing with the TPDI Algorithm using Iot and AI
Authors: Hagag Ismail M. , Amin Mohamed A. , fattah Tarek Abd El 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Considerable research has been dedicated to exploring the fog computing model, which aims to improve cloud-based services for Internet of Things (IoT) and AI users. The model introduces a fog layer between the user and cloud layers to minimize data transmission and processing time while controlling expenses. Nevertheless, the use of virtualization technologies in fog planning and resource management has faced challenges due to resource constraints and delayed services. To overcome these obstacles, this paper introduces a novel task scheduling algorithm called Task Priority Dynamic Implementation (TPDI) that leverages priority levels within the fog layer. The primary objective of this algorithm is to enhance the timely execution of tasks and reduce costs, particularly given the increasing number of IoT devices and AI-powered intelligent systems. The performance evaluations demonstrate that TPDI outperforms existing task scheduling algorithms by reducing overall response times. This development holds significant importance for emerging brownfield computing technology, as we anticipate that the priority algorithm can find applications in various domains.
The topical application of Sphistin12-38 in combination with sponge spicules for the Acne treatment
Authors: He Weiyi , Zhang Chi , Huijung Lai , Wu Guopeng , Xiong Ming , Peng Hui , chen ming , Wang Ke-Jian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We demonstrated for the first time that a marine-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Sph12-38, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against P. acnes with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 7 μM. Meanwhile, Sph12-38 has no significant cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes (HKs) at its high concentration (33.5 μM). The topical application of sponge Haliclona sp. spicules (SHS) dramatically enhanced the skin penetration of Sph12-38 up to 40.9±5.9% (p<0.01), which was 6.1±0.9-fold higher than that of Sph12-38 alone. Further, SHS resulted in the accumulation of most Sph12-38 in viable epidermis and dermis. Further, the combined use of Sph12-38 and SHS resulted in a cure rate of 100% for rabbit ear acne treatment in vivo for two weeks, while the one induced by other groups was 40%, 0% and 0% for SHS alone, Sph12-38 alone and control group, respectively. The strategy of combined using AMP and SHS can also be applied in a rational designed topical delivery system for the management of other deep infection of the skin. The effectiveness of SHS by itself on the treatment of acne was also demonstrated by clinical trials. After 14 days of treatment by 1% SHS gel. The number of skin lesions decreased by 51.4%.
Gravito-electrodynamics Effects on Positively Charge Dust Grains of D68 Ringlet of Saturn’s D Ring
Authors: Lianlunthang TD Peter , Baruah Monmoyuri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Our numerical simulations on the effects of gravito-electrodynamics on the positively charged dust grains of the D68 ringlet of Saturn’s D ring reveal that dust grains, measuring between 0.028 and 0.01 nanometers launched with Keplerian velocity in the equatorial plane, can maintain stable orbits around the planet for years. Slightly larger grains 0.029 n to 0.1n size descending onto Saturn's atmosphere. While grains ofsize between 1 micrometer and 0.11 nanometers intersect with D72, at, potentially contributing to the recycling of ring materials within the equatorial plane. However, when these dust grains are launched with initial speed same as the Saturn's rotation, they either fall towards the planet or are stably trapped as the Keplerian launch ones. Those between the sizes 03 to 0.1n stably orbit around the local magnetic field lines akin to the Keplerian-launched particles, but now in retrograde directions. Size between 1 micron and 0.04 nanometers move inward until they collide with Saturn's atmosphere.. In both the cases, those unstable grains moving towards and outwards the planet in a bouncing manner above and below the equatorial plane. The confinement of the dust motions to the equatorial plane offers a plausible explanation for the depletion of electrons and the conductivity enhancement observed in the equatorial region of Saturn's ionosphere. Dispersion of charged dust across longitudes highlights Lorentz force's role in segregating D rings by grain size. Those moving towards the planet are likely the observed in-falling material during Cassini's missions.
Efficient preparation of no-glycerol biodiesel by tri-component coupling transesterification catalyzed over pollen-derived CaO
Authors: tang ying , Li Meng , Li Guangtao , Yang Yi , Yang Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rape pollen with fishnet-like network structure has been used as support in the construction of high dispersion CaO materials assigned to CaO(P) ("P" was symbol of the precipitation method) via precipitation and it has been employed in the enhanced no-glycerol biodiesel preparation. The relatively excellent activity was observed by yielding to no-glycerol biodiesel of 92.69% in the rapeseed 1/1/8 mixture of oil-methyl acetate-methanol at 65 ℃ for 3 h over 10 wt% of 1/1-CaO(P)-700 (calcinated at 700 ℃ and immernated in 1/1 of calcium nitrate to sodium carbonate). Characterizations over the templated CaO(P) samples have been conducted by means of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET),X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform- infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Based on the results, it can be found that the catalytic effect of templated CaO(P) was depend on both stronger basicity and enlarged micro-pore distribution which provide more sites for better catalysis.
The preoperative nutritional and inflammatory indexs as prognostic factors in patients with early-stage resectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer
Authors: Zhang Xingli , Gu Yuanlong , Lv Huimin , Chang Liang , Zhao Juan , Zhou Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer - associated malnutrition and systemic inflammation have been shown to be strongly linked with poor prognosis in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic values of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), nutritional risk index (NRI), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with early-stage resectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer (BDC).
Methods
A total of 155 early-stage resectable extrahepatic BDC were recruited for this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic power of preoperative PNI, NRI, ALI, and SII in patients with early-stage extrahepatic BDC. Nomogram was developed based on the results of multivariate Cox analyses and were then validated and calibrated.
Results
Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis identified the optimal cut-off points for PNI, NRI, ALI, and SII were 48.7, 100.5, 49.9, and 659.8. Low PNI, NRI, ALI, and high SII were related to TNM stage (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low PNI, NRI, ALI, and high SII were related to poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients. Multivariate analyses indicated that lymph nodes metastasis, PNI, NRI, ALI, and SII were significant independent factors for OS and RFS. Nomograms were developed to predict OS and RFS for patients with early-stage resectable extrahepatic BDC.
Conclusion
Preoperative PNI, NRI, ALI, and SII could be used as prospective noninvasive prognostic biomarkers for patients with early-stage resectable extrahepatic BDC.
A Qualitative Assessment of Multi-sectoral Action for Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: tiwari abhishek , singh shivendra , Manar Manish , Pandey Kanchan , Kaur Manmeet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing globally, especially affecting vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. To tackle this, urgent and comprehensive actions are needed. The main preventable risk factors for NCDs are tobacco and alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution, rooted in social determinants of health (SDOH). In India, some states are adopting a multi-sectoral approach (MSA) to manage NCDs. A qualitative assessment was conducted to evaluate MSA implementation in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methods
Inductive approach i.e., grounded theory was used to understand the perceptions regarding MSA. Key-Informant Interviews (KIIs) of senior level officers from both non-health and health sectors were conducted using an interview guide. We targeted all 17 priority non-health sectors as identified in National Multi-sectoral Action plan (NMAP) for prevention and control of NCDs in India. Data thus collected was transcribed, translated and coded for identifying themes.
Results
The non-health sectors are ready to act but don’t have a lead to guide them. They did explain the risk factors such as behaviours, nutrition and physical inactivity for NCDs and also appreciated the role of MSA in prevention and control of NCD. The attitude and perception of health sector towards implementation of MSA is not very promising. It is based upon the existing vertical structures, response and support they have experienced before from other sectors and from administration. All the non-health sectors opine that health needs to take lead for MSA as health sector has scientific knowledge and experience regarding operationalization of health programs.
Conclusion
There is still a long way to bring all priority non-health and health sectors on a common action platform for NCDs prevention and control. The trade-off between the two needs to involve a dedicated but separate structure which would act within or parallel to existing system and translate policy to practice.
Combination of PI-RADS version 2.1 and amide proton transfer values for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Longchao , Zhe Xia , Tang Min , Lei Xiaoyan , Zhang Jing , Duan Xianglong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The goal of this study was to assess whether combining amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted MRI with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scoring system version 2.1 (PI-RADS V2.1) could increase diagnostic accuracy compared to PI-RADS V2.1 alone in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).
Methods
The present study retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examinations from July 2022 to August 2023. All patients underwent T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), amide proton transfer (APT), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Two radiologists independently examined the images. The independent samples t test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test was employed to investigate the statistical variance in the demographic and APT parameters of the two groups. We utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PI-RADS V2.1 and the combination model (APT-weighted signal values and PI-RADS V2.1). The comparison of the area under the curve (AUC)s were conducted using the Delong method.
Results
A total of 289 patients were eventually included in this study; 102 had csPCa, and 187 had either benign lesions or clinically insignificant prostate cancer (cisPCa). The APTmean, APTmax, and APTmin values were significantly different between the two groups in both the peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ). The combined models were significantly more effective than the use of PI-RADS V2.1 alone for the whole gland and PZ, with areas under the curve (AUC)s of 0.874–0.883 compared to 0.803 and 0.885 compared to 0.798, respectively (P < 0.05). However, there was no substantial improvement in diagnostic accuracy when APT-weighted signal values were incorporated into PI-RADS V2.1 for the TZ, as the AUC increased from 0.791 to 0.865, with a P value of 0.202.
Conclusion
By incorporating APT-weighted signal values with PI-RADS V2.1, there was a notable improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of csPCa detection in both the whole gland and the PZ compared to PI-RADS V2.1 alone. However, there was no significant enhancement in terms of csPCa in TZ.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice towards Artificial intelligent Patient-controlled analgesia among Anesthesiologists ：a cross-sectional study in east China's Jiangsu Province
Authors: Cai Jiaqin , Huang Shiyi , Jiang Yueyi , Zhou Yihu , Zhang Lin , Gu Lianbing , Tan Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Inadequate postoperative analgesia greatly affects the recovery of patients, can poses a substantial health and economic burden. Patient-controlled analgesia is the most commonly used method for postoperative pain relief. However, the situation of inadequate analgesia still exists. Artificial intelligent Patient-controlled analgesia (Ai-PCA) system can make it easier for medical staff to understand the pain level of patients in order to deal with it in time. So far, several studies have investigated anesthesiologists' knowledge and management of Ai-PCA.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the degree of anesthesiologists’ knowledge, attitude and their practice(KAP) towards Ai-PCA in east China's Jiangsu Province.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 anesthesiologists working in tertiary hospitals. The data were collected using a pretested, structured and self-administered KAP questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression tests.
Results: 512 questionnaires were collected, 396 anesthesiologists (190 Male, and 206 Female) were included in our study for statistical analysis. The score of knowledge, attitude, practice was 5.49 ((SD = 1.65;range:0-8), 37.45 (SD = 4.46; range:9-45), and 26.41 (SD = 9.61; range:9-45), respectively. Among the participants, 309 (78%) and 264 (66.7%) had good knowledge and positive attitudes toward Ai-PCA, respectively. However, only 81 (20.5%) of the participants exhibited good practice regarding Ai-PCA. Participation in Ai-PCA training showed a significant correlation with knowledge, attitude and practice scores. Besides, age, years of experience and professional titles of anesthesiologists were correlated with knowledge scores. The title of the anesthesiologist was associated with attitude scores. And the marital status of anesthesiologists was correlated with practice scores.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed the score of practice regarding Ai-PCA are very poor among anesthesiologists in east China's Jiangsu Province. The utilization of Ai-PCA was found to be impacted by whether the individual had received training. This calls for a comprehensive approach should be conducted for raising the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of anesthesiologist on using Ai-PCA and more Ai-PCA training to be included in the daily learning.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn; 27/10/2023; ChiCTR2300077070).
Racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 clinical outcomes: A comparison between Asian ethnic subgroups
Authors: Kamalabadi Mahdieh Ahmadi , Khalili Parvin , Ostadebrahimi Hamid , Jamalizadeh Ahmad , Amin Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, general studies about relationship between COVID-19 clinical outcome and ethnicity have been performed on the overall ethnic groups, but studies on ethnic subgroups is limited.
Methods
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study on hospitalized patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 to evaluate whether ethnic background influences disease severity and clinical outcomes. Patients were categorized into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe to critical. Analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic and comorbidities.
Results
Among all hospitalized patients, in the unadjusted model, Afghans had a lower risk of severe to critical illness than Iranians (OR, 0.52; 95%CI, 0.41–0.64; P < 0.000). After adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities the risk remained lower in Afghans (OR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.56–0.88; P < 0.003). But among positive cases was comparable even after full adjustment (OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.54–1.3; P < 0.547). Among all hospitalized patients, in the unadjusted model, the risk of death was comparable between Afghans and Iranians (OR, 1.037; 95%CI, 0.70–1.5; P < 0.003). After adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities, Afghans had a higher risk of death than Iranians (OR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.08–2.55; P = 0.020). Similar results were observed in positive cases (OR, 2.34; 95%CI, 1.47–3.72; P = 0.000).
Conclusions
In this cohort study, Iranians represented more COVID-19-related symptoms and disease severity than Afghans; but mortality was higher in Afghans. The impact of COVID-19 may be different in various Asian ethnic groups
Comparison of Vaginal Microbiota in HPV-Negative and HPV-Positive Pregnant Women Using a Culture-Based Approach
Authors: Podoprigora Irina V. , Alena Vasina , Manga Joseph Arsene Mbarga , Milana Das , Pikina Alla P. , Lyudmila Kafarskaya , Efimov Boris A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the composition of the dominant groups of vaginal microorganisms in healthy pregnant women and pregnant women infected with HPV using a microbiological culture-based method. The MALDI TOF MS method and 16S rRNA gene fragment sequencing were used to identify microorganisms isolated from healthy pregnant women (n=32) and pregnant women infected with HPV (n=24). It was found that vaginal secretion samples from both groups contained bacteria of 4 phyla: Bacillota, Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Ascomycotafungi. The most common microbial community in healthy pregnant women being CST I (p=0.0007), and CST V in pregnant women infected with HPV (p=0.0001). At the genus level, a total of 25 taxa were found in all samples, with Lactobacillusbeing the dominant genus overall. Escherichia (p<0.0001) and Prevotella(p=0.0001) concentrations were higher in HPV infected patients. When calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient for the phyla, it was found that Bacillota correlated negatively with HPV genotypes 16 and 51 (p≤0.05), but positively with HPV genotype 59 (p≤0.05), just like Actinomycetota(p≤0.05). Bacteroidota correlated positively with HPV genotype 56 (0.001<p<0.01), and Ascomycota correlated positively with HPV genotypes 39 and 51 (p≤0.05; 0.001<p<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficients between bacteria genera and HPV genotypes were statistically significant for the following genera: Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Gardnerella, Escherichia, Prevotella. The data obtained in our study indicates that the culture-based method is informative when assessing the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota, as well as the risk of potential complications during pregnancy in women with HPV.