bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Fayyad John , De Graaf Ron , Kessler Ronald , Alonso Jordi , Angermeyer Matthias , Demyttenaere Koen , De Girolamo Giovanni , Haro Josep Maria , Karam Elie G. , Lara Carmen , Lépine Jean-Pierre , Ormel Johan , Posada-Villa José , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Jin Robert 
Published: April 2007

BackgroundLittle is known about the epidemiology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).AimsTo estimate the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodAn ADHD screen was administered to respondents aged 18–44 years in ten countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East (n=11422). Masked clinical reappraisal interviews were administered to 154 US respondents to calibrate the screen. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates based on the assumption of cross-national calibration comparability.ResultsEstimates of ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (range 1.2–7.3%), with lower prevalence in lower-income countries (1.9%) compared with higher-income countries (4.2%). Adult ADHD often co-occurs with other DSM-IV disorders and is associated with considerable role disability. Few cases are treated for ADHD, but in many cases treatment is given for comorbid disorders.ConclusionsAdult ADHD should be considered more seriously in future epidemiological and clinical studies than is currently the case.
β-1,3-Glucan Schizophyllan Can Act as a One-dimensional Host to Arrange Icosahedral Carboranes
Authors: Numata Munenori , Tamesue Shingo , Nagasaki Takeshi , Sakurai Kazuo , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We here demonstrate that schizophyllan (SPG: one kind of β-1,3-glucans)/m-carborane nanocomposites can be easily created in a supramolecular manner by utilizing the unique wrapping capability of SPG. TEM observations revealed that incorporated m-carborane molecules adopt continuous one-dimensional (1-D) arrangement in the SPG hydrophobic cavity. We believe that the present system can provide a novel concept not only for the separation of carborane isomers and the construction of one-dimensional architectures but also for the new formulation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Single Crystal SBA-16 by Fluorinated Surfactants with Short Carbon Chains
Authors: Meng Xiangju , Lu Daling , Tatsumi Takashi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Single crystals of mesoporous silica SBA-16 with the shape of rhombododecahedron consisting of 12 flat crystal faces can be obtained by the addition of fluorinated surfactants with short carbon chains.
Construction of Supramolecular Complexes by Use of Planar Bis(β-diketonato)cobalt(II) Complexes as Building Blocks
Authors: Yoshida Jun , Nishikiori Shin-ichi , Kuroda Reiko 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
As building blocks for the construction of supramolecular complexes, two bis(β-diketonato) CoII complexes were examined. From the self assembly of each CoII complex and a polypyridyl ligand, 2′,4′,6′-tri(4-pyridyl)pyridine, two types of polymer structures, 1D zigzag chain and 2D hexagonal net, were obtained.
Micropatterned Film of Silica-coated Gold Nanoparticles Formed by Covalent Bonds
Authors: Qi Youli , Chen Miao , Liang Shan , Zhao Jing , Yang Wu , Liu Weimin 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
With well-established surface-chemical properties, monodisperse silica-coated Au nanoparticles (Au@SiO2) were first functionalized with the silane reagent 3-gylcidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS). Then, these epoxy-terminated Au@SiO2 nanoparticles could be easily assembled onto the silicon surface, which has been patterned with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) SAMs and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAMs alternately, to form close-packed two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays by covalent bonding.
Teachers' reporting of behavioural problems and cognitive‐academic performances in children aged 5–7 years
Authors: Giannopulu I. , Escolano S. , Cusin F. , Citeau H. , Dellatolas G. 
Published: April 2007

BackgroundThe behavioural and academic performance of young children with teachers' reported hyperactivity, conduct problems or inattention is under debate.AimThis study investigates the associations between teachers' reported behavioural difficulties and academic and cognitive performances in two large samples of preschool and school children in France.Samples and methodBehavioural data relating to two large samples of preschool (N = 475) and first grade (N = 465) children were collected from their teachers by means of a questionnaire. A factorial analysis of the questionnaire revealed a four‐factor structure (‘hyperactivity’, ‘inattention’, ‘conduct problems’ and ‘unsociability’) that was similar in both age groups. Cognitive tests were used for each age group.ResultsTeachers' reporting of ‘inattention’ was associated with significantly lower performances in all tests in both the preschool and first grade samples. ‘Hyperactivity’ or ‘conduct problems’ were not consistently associated with the test results, when the effect of ‘inattention’ was taken into account. Preschool ‘inattention’, but not ‘hyperactivity’ or ‘conduct/sociability problems’, was related to poor performances at reading tasks in first grade.ConclusionThese findings question the pathological significance of teachers' report of ‘hyperactivity’ in young children without associated attention problems.
Platelet Resistance to the Antiaggregatory Cyclic Nucleotides in Central Obesity Involves Reduced Phosphorylation of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein
Authors: Russo Isabella , Del Mese Paola , Doronzo Gabriella , De Salve Alessandro , Secchi Mariantonietta , Trovati Mariella , Anfossi Giovanni 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: Impairment of platelet response to antiaggregatory agents is seen in individuals with central obesity and may play a role in the increased cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. In this study we evaluated whether this impairment involves the antiaggregatory pathways regulated by cAMP and cGMP.Methods: We obtained platelet-rich plasma from 12 obese individuals and 12 controls. We investigated the effects of the cyclic nucleotide analogs 8-pCPT-cAMP (10–500 μmol/L) and 8-pCPT-cGMP (10–500 μmol/L) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation as assessed by decreased light scattering. We assessed the activation of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases by measuring phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser157 and Ser239.Results: The antiaggregatory effect of both cyclic nucleotide analogs was impaired in obese individuals compared to controls, with mean (SE) half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) (after 20-min incubation) of 123 (33) μmol/L vs 5 (1) μmol/L, respectively, for 8-pCPT-cAMP (P &lt;0.01) and of 172 (43) μmol/L vs 17 (8) μmol/L, respectively, for 8-pCPT-cGMP (P &lt;0.01). The Homeostasis Model Assessment Index of Insulin Resistance was independently correlated with cyclic nucleotide analog IC50. In obese individuals, VASP phosphorylation at Ser157 and Ser239 in response to cyclic nucleotides was significantly lower than in controls.Conclusions: In central obesity the reduced ability of cyclic nucleotides to inhibit platelet aggregation is associated with reduced activation of their specific kinases. Because cyclic nucleotides help regulate platelet antiaggregation, alteration of this ability is consistent with platelet hyperactivity in obesity.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Standards for Training and Clinical Practice
Authors:   Committee of the Victorian Section Australian Psychological Society College of Clinical Psychologists., Barrington Julie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to open discussion on the appropriate standards for training and practice in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for clinical psychologists. CBT has in recent years become increasingly popular as a brief and effective psychological treatment for mental health problems. Public funding has become available for the provision of CBT for a prescribed number of sessions to people diagnosed with specific psychiatric disorders, and there has been an increasing shift in public mental health services toward more short-term and structured episodic care interventions, many of which are CBT-based. There has also been a corresponding increase in health professionals seeking CBT training and offering psychological services described as CBT. However, there is a lack of formal nationally agreed standards for clinical psychologists in relation to training and practice in CBT, and ethical concerns have been raised about the provision of ‘stand-alone’ brief training to professionals who do not have an undergraduate psychology degree and hence may not have an understanding of the theory and research that underlies CBT. Issues raised in this article include training and practice considerations such as levels of competence, diversity and complexity of CBT, treatment length, ethical considerations and barriers to best practice.
Ew gross! Recognition of Expressions of Disgust by Children With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Allen Jennifer L. , Abbott Maree J. , Rapee Ronald M. , Coltheart Max 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is evidence suggesting that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults may be associated with an impaired ability to recognise the facial expression of disgust (Sprengelmeyer et al., 1997a; Woody, Corcoran, & Tolin, in press). It has been suggested that this impairment begins in childhood when the recognition of emotional expressions is being learnt (see Spengelmeyer et al., 1997a). This study compared the recognition of facial affect in children aged around 11 years with a diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 11), other anxiety disorders (n = 20), and nonclinical children (n = 19), adapting the methodology of Sprengelmeyer et al. Disgust was most commonly misclassified as anger by children in all three groups. However, children with OCD did not show any evidence of a recognition deficit for disgust in comparison to either control group. Unexpectedly, however, children with OCD recognised expressions of surprise more accurately than nonclinical children. Recognition of disgust or any other emotion was not related to child self-reported anxiety symptoms. Given the observed differences in some studies with adults, future research may benefit by examining older adolescents and young adults to determine when these effects may first be noticed.
Thought–Action Fusion in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Berle David , Blaszczynski Alex , Einstein Danielle A. , Menzies Ross G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThought–action fusion (TAF), a belief that one's thoughts can either increase the likelihood of a given event or imply the immorality of one's character, is associated with a range of disorders, but has not yet been investigated in relation to psychosis. We sought to determine whether TAF beliefs are endorsed by individuals with chronic schizophrenia. Twenty-seven adults with chronic schizophrenia completed self-report measures of TAF, magical ideation, delusional beliefs and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Scores were compared with a gendermatched nonclinical group (n = 27) and associations between self-report measures were investigated for the chronic schizophrenia sample. TAF Likelihood–Others, magical ideation and obsessive–compulsive symptoms were endorsed to a greater extent by those with chronic schizophrenia than by controls. The participants with chronic schizophrenia however, did not generally endorse TAF statements at level greater than ‘neutral’. TAF Moral, magical ideation and obsessive– compulsive symptoms were associated with scores on the delusional beliefs measure. We conclude that TAF beliefs may not especially characterise the thinking styles of those with schizophrenia. These findings await replication using a larger sample.
Preliminary tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of young trees with small diameter
Authors: Kasal Bohumil , Peszlen Ilona , Peralta Perry , Li Laigeng 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This paper describes methods developed to test the mechanical properties of small-diameter (3–10 mm) 1-year-old trees. Special test fixtures and procedures were designed to accommodate the small diameter and uneven shape of these young trees. The modulus of elasticity and strength in tension parallel to the grain, compression parallel to the grain, and bending were measured.
Circulating glucocorticoid bioactivity and serum cortisol concentrations in premature infants: the influence of exogenous glucocorticoids and clinical factors
Authors: Nykänen Päivi , Raivio Taneli , Heinonen Kirsti , Jänne Olli A , Voutilainen Raimo 
Published: April 2007

Objective: Glucocorticoids are widely used before preterm delivery and in preterm infants may bear serious adverse effects. Better knowledge about the circulating glucocorticoid milieu after glucocorticoid treatment could improve treatment modalities. Therefore, we investigated the influence of exogenous glucocorticoids and clinical factors on serum cortisol (F) levels and circulating glucocorticoid bioactivity (GBA) in preterm infants.
Design: Eighty-nine infants (gestational age (GA) 23.6–33.1 weeks at birth) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in two tertiary neonatal centres.
Methods: Cord, day of birth (D0), fourth day (D4) and 36 weeks postmenstrual age serum F and GBA levels were measured.
Results: The cord GBA was 5.8-fold and D0 GBA 2.3-fold higher in the infants exposed to antenatal steroids within 12 h before birth when compared with those unexposed or exposed >7 days before birth (95% CI 3.8–8.6; P<0.0001, and 1.8–3.0; P<0.0001 respectively). In the infants treated with early postnatal dexamethasone, D4 GBA was 1.7-fold (1.3–2.2; P<0.0005) higher when compared with levels in the infants without this treatment. Clinical factors indicating perinatal distress, such as Apgar scores <7 and low GA, were associated with higher cord, D0 and D4 serum F levels.
Conclusions: Both ante- and postnatally administered glucocorticoids increase circulating GBA not attributable to endogenous F. Perinatal distress and preceding glucocorticoid treatment need to be taken into account when circulating glucocorticoid milieu is evaluated in preterm infants. The GBA assay may prove to be a useful instrument in the development of new glucocorticoid treatment strategies.
Should parafibromin staining replace HRTP2 gene analysis as an additional tool for histologic diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma?
Authors: Cetani Filomena , Ambrogini Elena , Viacava Paolo , Pardi Elena , Fanelli Giovanni , Naccarato Antonio Giuseppe , Borsari Simona , Lemmi Monica , Berti Piero , Miccoli Paolo , Pinchera Aldo , Marcocci Claudio 
Published: April 2007

Objective: HRPT2 gene mutations are associated with parathyroid carcinomas, and absence of parafibromin immunoreactivity has been suggested as a diagnostic marker of malignancy. The aim of our study was to extend parafibromin studies in a series of benign and malignant parathyroid tumors and cross-validate the results of immunohistochemistry with those of HRPT2 analysis.
Design and patients: We performed parafibromin and cyclin D1 immunostaining and HRPT2 gene analysis using loss of heterozygosity studies and sequencing analysis in parathyroid specimens from 11 patients with carcinoma (eleven primary tumors, one skin, and four lung metastases), 22 with sporadic adenomas, and 4 with atypical adenomas.
Results: Ten out of eleven parathyroid cancers were negative for parafibromin staining and showed HRPT2 gene abnormalities. The remaining sample was negative for immunostaining and genetic analyses. All but one sporadic adenomas showed parafibromin immunoreactivity and no HRPT2 gene abnormalities. The sample with negative immunostaining carried an HRPT2 mutation. Two atypical adenomas were positive and two negative with parafibromin staining. No HRPT2 abnormalities were found in these samples. Cyclin D1 expression was heterogeneous and there was no relationship between expression/expression level of cyclin D1 and parafibromin expression.
Conclusions: We have shown that negative parafibromin staining is almost invariably associated with HRPT2 mutations and confirm that loss of parafibromin staining strongly predicts parathyroid malignancy. In clinical practice, these tests could be particularly useful in the subset of parathyroid tumors with equivocal histological examination. However, their diagnostic value in this setting remains to be proven.
Sick leave for follow-up control in thyroid cancer patients: comparison between stimulation with Thyrogen and thyroid hormone withdrawal
Authors: Borget I , Corone C , Nocaudie M , Allyn M , Iacobelli S , Schlumberger M , De Pouvourville G 
Published: April 2007

Introduction: The clinical benefits of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH; Thyrogen) are well established as an alternative stimulation procedure to thyroid hormone withdrawal in the diagnostic follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. By avoiding periods of hypothyroidism, patients do not suffer from a decreased quality of life and keep their ability to work. This study compared the frequency, the duration and the cost of sick leave for follow-up control between rhTSH and withdrawal.
Methods: The study population consisted of patients with thyroid carcinoma first treated by thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. Patients were recruited at their control visit between October 2004 and May 2006 in three hospitals, both prospectively and retrospectively. Collection data consisted of patient information, job characteristics and duration of sick leave during the month before and the month after control. The valuation of sick leave used the friction cost method.
Results: Among the 306 patients included, 292 (95%) completed the entire questionnaire. The mean age was 46.7 years. Among the 194 active patients, patients treated with rhTSH, when compared with patients treated by withdrawal, were less likely to require sick leave (11 vs 33%; P=0.001). The mean duration of sick leave was shorter (3.1 vs 11.2 days; P=0.002) and indirect costs due to absenteeism accounted for €454 ± 1673 vs €1537 ± 2899 for withdrawal stimulation.
Conclusion: For active patients, rhTSH treatment reduced the length and the cost of sick leave by 8.1 days and €1083 per control respectively, when compared with withdrawal treatment.
The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on adipocytokines and C-reactive protein in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kapoor D , Clarke S , Stanworth R , Channer K S , Jones T H 
Published: April 2007

Objective: Serum testosterone levels are known to inversely correlate with insulin sensitivity and obesity in men. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that testosterone replacement therapy reduces insulin resistance and visceral adiposity in type 2 diabetic men. Adipocytokines are hormones secreted by adipose tissue and contribute to insulin resistance. We examined the effects of testosterone replacement treatment on various adipocytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetic men.
Design: Double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 hypogonadal type 2 diabetic men. Patients were treated with testosterone (sustanon 200 mg) or placebo intramuscularly every 2 weeks for 3 months in random order followed by a washout period of 1 month before the alternate treatment phase.
Methods: Leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and CRP levels were measured before and after each treatment phase. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were also recorded.
Results: At baseline, leptin levels significantly correlated with BMI and waist circumference. There was a significant inverse correlation between baseline IL-6 and total testosterone (r=−0.68; P=0.002) and bioavailable testosterone levels (r=−0.73; P=0.007). CRP levels also correlated significantly with total testosterone levels (r=−0.59; P=0.01). Testosterone treatment reduced leptin (−7141.9 ± 1461.8 pg/ml; P=0.0001) and adiponectin levels (−2075.8 ± 852.3 ng/ml; P=0.02). There was a significant reduction in waist circumference. No significant effects of testosterone therapy on resistin, TNF-α, IL-6 or CRP levels were observed.
Conclusion: Testosterone replacement treatment decreases leptin and adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic men. Moreover, low levels of testosterone in men are associated with pro-inflammatory profile, though testosterone treatment over 3 months had no effect on inflammatory markers.
Essential Alterations of Heparan Sulfate During the Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Sox1-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Johnson Claire E. , Crawford Brett E. , Stavridis Marios , ten Dam Gerdy , Wat Annie L. , Rushton Graham , Ward Christopher M. , Wilson Valerie , van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Esko Jeffrey D. , Smith Austin , Gallagher John T. , Merry Catherine L. R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can be cultured in conditions that either maintain pluripotency or allow differentiation to the three embryonic germ layers. Heparan sulfate (HS), a highly polymorphic glycosaminoglycan, is a critical cell surface coreceptor in embryogenesis, and in this paper we describe its structural transition from an unusually low-sulfated variant in ES cells to a more highly sulfated form in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified neural progenitor cells. The characteristic domain structure of HS was retained during this transformation. However, qualitative variations in surface sulfation patterns between ES and differentiated cells were revealed using HS epitope-specific antibodies and the HS-binding growth factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Expression profiles of the HS modification enzymes indicated that both “early” (N-sulfotransferases) and “late” (6O- and 3O-sulfotransferases) sulfotransferases contributed to the alterations in sulfation patterning. An HS-null ES line was used to demonstrate the necessity for HS in neural differentiation. HS is a coreceptor for many of the protein effectors implicated in pluripotency and differentiation (e.g., members of the FGF family, bone morphogenic proteins, and fibronectin). We suggest that the stage-specific activities of these proteins are finely regulated by dynamic changes in sulfation motifs in HS chains.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.