bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEONATAL IMPRINTING OF ENZYME LEVELS IN RAT ADRENALS
Authors: Goldman Allen S. , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Stenberg Åke 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of [4-14C]4-androstene-3,17-dione was studied in adrenals from adult male and female rats gonadectomized at birth, at 14 and 43 days of age. A control group consisted of adult male and female rats sham-operated at birth. Another group consisted of adult male and female rats castrated at birth and treated with a single dose of testosterone propionate 24 h after the operation. The 5α-reductase activity was found to be higher in female than in male sham-operated rats (P < 0.02); postpubertal castration led to an increased enzyme activity in both male and female rats. Neonatal testectomy led to higher 5α-reductase activity than testectomy at 14 days of age (P < 0.05) and treatment with testosterone propionate at birth tended to lower the 5α-reductase activity. These results indicate that during the neonatal period testicular androgens irreversibly "imprint" or "programme" the adrenal 5α-reductase activity to a lower, masculine level. Also the 11β-hydroxylase system was found to be subject to androgenic inhibition in two ways: 1. by irreversible "imprinting" or "programming" neonatally and 2. by reversible suppression in adult life. It is concluded that the neonatal masculinization process effectuated by testicular androgens and previously shown to affect hypothalamic functions and liver enzyme levels also affects the activities of steroid metabolizing enzymes in adrenal tissue with possible effects on the adrenal secretion of steroid hormones.
"STEROID-CELL" ANTIBODY IN ENDOCRINE DISEASES
Authors: Kamp Peter , Platz Per , Nerup Jørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 116 patients with Addison's disease, an equal number of age and sex matched controls and 97 patients with other endocrine diseases were examined for the occurrence of antibody to steroid-producing cells in ovary, testis and adrenal cortex.
Fluorescent staining was observed in the theca cells of growing follicles, the theca lutein cells, testicular Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells, i. e. cells which contain enzyme systems used in steroid hormone production. The "steroid-cell" antibody was present in 24 % of the patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, equally frequent in males and females, and in 17 % of the patients with tuberculous Addison's disease, but was rarely found in controls, including patients with other endocrine diseases.
Female hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism made an exception, since the "steroid-cell" antibody was found in about half the cases with this condition.
A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRADIOL IN URINE
Authors: Kono Shinzo , Loriaux D. Lynn , Lipsett Mortimer B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of unconjugated oestradiol in urine. After extracting with ether and purifying by thin layer chromatography, the assay is performed using anti-serum prepared against oestrone-17-oxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Dextran-coated charcoal is used to separate free and bound fractions. The measurable range on the standard curve is from 10 to 1000 pg. The blank of the method is 9.7 ± 3.6 pg (sd) and is independent of urine volume. The intra-assay coefficient of variation is 9.5 % and the inter-assay variation is 12.8%. The accuracy and specificity of the method are also satisfactory. During one menstrual cycle, urinary free oestradiol averaged 32 ng/day (n = 9, range 22 to 58) during the follicular phase; 341 ng/day at the mid-cycle peak; and 46 ng/day (n=10, range 12 to 138) during the luteal phase. The oestradiol content of 3 consecutive 24-h urines from a normal man was 4.8 ng/day (2.7 to 7.2).
UNSUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ACROMEGALY WITH MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Atkinson Richard L. , Dimond Richard C. , Howard W. James , Earll Jerry M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Six patients with active acromegaly were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in a dose of 10 mg four times a day for periods of two weeks to six months. Basal growth hormone (GH) levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and arginine stimulation tests were obtained before and after one week, one month, three months, and six months of therapy. There were no significant changes in mean basal GH levels or in patterns of GH secretion following administration of glucose, insulin and arginine. Impairment in carbohydrate tolerance was observed in five of six patients during at least one evaluation period. MPA did not produce any therapeutic benefit in our patients with acromegaly and may have contributed to deterioration of the clinical condition.
THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ON THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT
Authors: Joasoo A. , Murray I. P. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of epinephrine (100 μg/100 g body weight) on the distribution of 131I among the iodo-amino acids in the rat thyroid was studied. Chromatography of thyroid homogenates was carried out, using as solvent n-butanol:ethanol:2 n ammonia (5:1:2). Epinephrine resulted in elevation of the ratio of monoiodotyrosine (MIT) to diiodotyrosine (DIT), and decreased the incorporation of 131I into iodothyronines. The ratio of triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) was unchanged. Epinephrine did not influence the rate or extent of protein-binding of iodine, determined both by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and by chromatography. The nature of the iodoprotein formed was studied by its solubility characteristics in phosphate buffer. No change was observed with epinephrine. The changes caused in the MIT/DIT ratio by epinephrine could be completely prevented by the administration of excess iodide, while the incorporation of iodide into T4 improved, but remained slightly below normal. It is postulated that the changes caused by epinephrine in 131I distribution occurred as a result of decreased iodination of thyroglobulin, but an additional effect on iodothyronine synthesis cannot be excluded.
REVERSAL BY INSULIN TREATMENT OF ABNORMAL GROWTH HORMONE PATTERN IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Corrall R. J. , Hunter W. M. , Campbell I. W. , Harrower A. D. B. , Duncan L. J. P. , Clarke B. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of insulin therapy on growth hormone secretion was studied in five newly diagnosed young insulin-dependent diabetic men. All showed a markedly abnormal pattern of secretion immediately prior to insulin therapy and following "normalization" of the blood glucose there was a significant fall in plasma growth hormone levels after a period of one to two months though these were still considerably elevated above the normal control range.
These findings lend support to the view that the abnormal growth hormone secretion observed in diabetes may be the consequence rather than the cause of the disordered carbohydrate metabolism.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF DINITROPHENOL AND CYANIDE ON HEPATIC THYROXINE DEIODINATION
Authors: Hillier A. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dinitrophenol inhibits the deiodination of thyroxine by the isolated perfused rat liver; the effect is reversible. Subsequent addition of cyanide to the perfusion fluid opposes the inhibitory effect of dinitrophenol and restores the deiodination rate to normal. However, addition of cyanide alone has little effect. Similar results are obtained with triiodothyronine.
PROGESTERONE IN THE UTERUS
Authors: Egert D. , Jonat W. , Maass H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Uterine segments of normal rats were incubated with [1,2-3H] progesterone in TC Medium Eagle HeLa for 20 min, 1, 2 and 3 h. Only one compound containing up to 98 % of the total extracted radioactivity was found in the extract of uterine segments and in the nutrient media at all the times studied. This compound was identified by analytical TLC, chemical reactions and crystallization to constant activity as progesterone. In vitro metabolism could not be observed under the applied conditions (10−7m) over a 3 h period, no radio-metabolites were detected in either the uterine segments or in the nutrient fluids.
PROGESTERONE IN THE UTERUS
Authors: Egert D. , Maass H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radio-metabolites of progesterone and progesterone itself were found in the uteri of intact pregnant rats 20 min after injection of [1,2-3H]progesterone. However, after evisceration and removal of the foeto-placental unit, and following injection of the labelled steroid, the progesterone content in the extract from the pregnant rat uterus markedly increased while the metabolite levels correspondingly decreased. An analogous change was observed in the plasma. Thus it appears probable that progesterone is not metabolized in the uterus of pregnant rats, and that metabolites found in this tissue originate predominantly in the foetoplacental system and appear in the plasma and extracellular fluid present in the uterine tissue.
URINARY STEROID DYNAMICS AFTER A SINGLE DOSE OF METYRAPONE
Authors: Zachmann M. , Völlmin J. A. , Zagalak M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single oral dose of metyrapone (500 mg/m2) was given to 4 healthy adult males and their steroid excretion was determined in individual urine samples by gas chromatography on a glass capillary column. THS increased markedly and reached a mean peak value of 576 μg/h 6.2 h after ingestion. THE decreased from 327 to 163 μg/h within the first 4 h. Pregnanetriol increased only slightly, while pregnanediol, pregnenetriol and the individual 17-ketosteroids remained unchanged. The same metyrapone dose was then administered to 77 children and adults with and without endocrine disease. In 43 of them, 24 h urines were collected after ingestion of the drug and the mean THS-response was 1833 ± 237 μg/m2/24 h (sem, n = 32) in endocrinologically normal and only 75 ± 34 μg/m2/24 h (n = 6) in ACTH-deficient subjects. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.67) between the basal THE- and post-metyrapone THS excretion. In 34 subjects, 12 h urine samples were obtained after metyrapone. In this group, the mean THS-response was 1078 ± 268 μg/m2/12 h (n = 7) in the endocrinologically normal and 84 ± 23 μg/m2/12 h in the ACTH-deficient subjects (n = 11). In the remaining 16 patients with endocrine disease, but without other evidence of ACTH-deficiency, the results varied. In some they were normal and in others they were pathological inspite of a normal plasma-11-hydroxycorticoid response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia. The latter result was found in primary hypothyroidism and in some cases with growth hormone deficiency or hypoglycaemia. This test appears to provide a simpler and more sensitive evaluation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and is especially suitable for use in children.
EVALUATION OF THYROID STATUS WITH THE "EFFECTIVE THYROXINE RATIO" (E. T. R.®)
Authors: Kølendorf Klaus , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Hansen Jens Mølholm , Friis Thorkild 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new in vitro thyroid function test, "Effective Thyroxine Ratio" (ETR®) has been tested in 170 patients, and the ETR values in patients with normal and abnormal thyroid function have been compared to the concentration of absolute free thyroxine and free thyroxine index in serum. Among 42 hyperthyroid patients tested with ETR, 13 had values within normal range (30.9 per cent). Three of 18 hypothyroid patients had normal values (16.8 per cent). Eighty-nine per cent of 27 pregnant women and all of 17 patients treated with genuine oestrogens had ETR values within normal range. A high positive correlation was found between values of ETR, absolute free thyroxine in serum (r = 0.62) and free thyroxine index (r = 0.83).
REMISSION OF FAMILIAL GOITROUS HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Gray Henry W. , Thomson John A. , Kennedy J. Stuart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three male siblings with familial goitrous hypothyroidism due to a defect of thyroidal iodide organification have been studied. Withdrawal of thyroxine therapy from 2 of the brothers led to a rapid return of clinical hypothyroidism in one but the other brother remained euthyroid for approximately 3 years off his thyroxine therapy despite continuing evidence of defective iodide organification in his thyroid. The phenomenon is contrasted with that produced by massive administration of thyroid hormones ("Stoss therapy"), but no satisfactory explanation for its occurrence can be given.
REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES IN RAT LIVER: THE EFFECT OF 19-NORTESTOSTERONE AND THE INFLUENCE OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON THE ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE
Authors: Ghraf Rüdiger , Lax Edmund Rodney , Hoff Hanns-Georg , Schriefers Herbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The androgens testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone, the anabolic drug 19-nortestosterone and the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate were investigated with regard to their modifying action on the sexual differentiation of the activities of rat liver enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolism.
The activities of the enzymes (Δ4-5α-hydrogenase, 20-ketoreductase, 3α-and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-dependent Δ4-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, total steroid hydroxylases, 7α- and 16α-hydroxylase) were determined in cell-free liver fractions of male animals castrated on day 25 of life and killed on day 90; and of castrated animals which, from day 75 to 89 received daily sc injections (0.3 mg/100 g body weight) of the anabolic drug or the androgen only or in combination with cyproterone acetate (3 mg/100 g body weight). With the exception of 7α-hydroxylase castration leads to a feminization of the enzyme activity pattern. However, the degree of feminization varies from enzyme to enzyme.
The administration of testosterone or of 5α-dihydrotestosterone reverses the effect of castration. With 5α-dihydrotestosterone activity values were reached which in some cases were significantly higher than those obtained with testosterone. Although both androgens restored the enzyme activities to the normal male values, neither androgen was able to compensate for the weight loss of the seminal vesicles in the dose administered. The administration of 19-nortestosterone in the same dose as testosterone is only 30 % as effective in restoring the weight loss of the seminal vesicles, but leads to identical activities of Δ4-5α-hydrogenase and of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as are found for testosterone. 19-Nortestosterone is without influence on the activities of total steroid hydroxylases and of 16α-hydroxylase.
16α-Hydroxylase is the only enzyme in which the activity enhancing effects of testosterone or of 5α-dihydrotestosterone can be completely blocked by the simultaneous administration of the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate.
In all other enzyme activities the anti-androgen does not interfere with the effect of the androgens although it blocks their action on the weight restitution of the seminal vesicles by 60–70 %.
7α-Hydroxylase does not exhibit any androgen dependency. Neither castration nor the subsequent administration of the two androgens, or of the anabolic drug leads to any alterations in activity. However, it is interesting to note that the administration of cyproterone acetate does cause an increase in activity.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE EFFECTS OF CYCLICAL RHYTHM AND HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ON SERUM FAT-MOBILIZING ACTIVITY, GLYCEROL, CHOLESTEROL AND BLOOD GLUCOSE
Authors: Curtis-Prior P. B. , Brewer H. F. Nicola , Temple N. J. , Ross Linda , Field D. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects were investigated of cyclical rhythm and hormonal contraception on serum fat-mobilizing activity, glycerol, cholesterol and whole blood glucose during 2 menstrual cycles in a group of normally menstruating young women and a second group of young women using hormonal contraception. A control group of normal young men was also investigated. There was no evidence of any change in mean level of any of the parameters measured, among the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. No cyclical pattern was discernable in the male subjects. The mean value for serum cholesterol concentration in women using hormonal contraception was higher than the value for the untreated human female group. The overall mean value for serum glycerol concentration in the women was significantly (0.01 > P > 0.001) higher than the mean value obtaining in the men.
THE EFFECT OF MESTEROLONE ADMINISTRATION TO NORMAL MEN ON THE PITUITARY-TESTICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Aakvaag A. , Strømme S. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mesterolone (1α-methyl-5α-dihydrotestosterone) has been given to 10 normal men, age 24–27 years, and the effect on the plasma levels of ICSH, FSH and testosterone has been studied.
No effect on the plasma levels of ICSH and FSH could be detected. After 4 weeks on 75 mg mesterolone per day a significant (P < 0.01) drop in the mean value for plasma testosterone level was observed, 5.2 to 4.0 ng/ml. After another 4 weeks on 150 mg mesterolone per day a further decrease to 3.5 ng/ml was found.
During mesterolone administration the protein binding of testosterone in plasma was significantly reduced, and it appeared that the level of free (non-protein bound) testosterone in diluted plasma remained unchanged, 0.37 and 0.41 ng/ml, before and after mesterolone administration respectively.
The results suggest that mesterolone given in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day to normal men does not suppress the pituitary ICSH production or the testicular testosterone production.
HETEROLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PLASMA HUMAN PROLACTIN (hPRL); VALUES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, PUBERTY, PREGNANCY AND IN PITUITARY DISORDERS
Authors: Aubert M. L. , Grumbach M. M. , Kaplan S. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A heterologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin (hPRL) was developed, using a rabbit anti-ovine PRL (oPRL) which cross-reacted with hPRL and hPRL (Lewis 203-1) as tracer and standard. The sensitivity (0.02 ng hPRL) and the values obtained were comparable to those in homologous assays. When the immunoreactivity of a variety of hPRL preparations was compared, Friesen-71 hPRL was the most immunoreactive preparation, Lewis 203-1 and 201-195-1 hPRL had 75.6%, Friesen-C hPRL 54.4 %, and the Medical Research Council Standard (# 71-222) 27.5% of the immunoreactivity of Friesen-71 hPRL. hPRL content in 6 hGH preparations ranged from 0.001 to 0.2 %. Antibodies to hPRL were detected in 2 anti-hGH sera. The mean concentration of plasma hPRL in adult females (8.5 ± 1.5 ng/ml ± se) was significantly higher than in males (5.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.025). Plasma values of hPRL in girls between 4 and 17 years of age (7.2 ± 0.5) were not significantly different than in boys of the same age (6.0 ± 0.5). No variation in basal levels was found during puberty in girls, or with age in boys. The concentration of plasma hPRL was increased in pregnant women, newborn infants and in patients with galactorrhoea. Anencephalic infants had hPRL levels comparable to healthy newborns. The mean concentrations of plasma hPRL in patients with idiopathic isolated hGH deficiency or with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Low to normal basal levels were measured in patients with hypothalamic tumour. Eight of 22 acromegalic patients had elevated hPRL levels; 5 female acromegalics had a significant rise in plasma hPRL values following injection of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF), but no increase after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF). In conclusion, the heterologous radioimmunoassay for hPRL, using an anti-oPRL serum, has the requisite specificity, sensitivity, precision and reproducibility for clinical use.
OPPOSITE EFFECTS OF ANDROGENS AND OESTROGENS ON RAT PITUITARY THYMIDINE KINASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Valotaire Yves , Duval Jacques 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thymidine kinase has been tested in the male rat anterior pituitary. It increases after castration, but the daily injection of 3α-androstanediol starting immediately after gonadectomy prevents this increase. 3α-androstanediol is thus at least as active as testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. If regulation of thymidine kinase by androgens occurs directly in the pituitary, the regulation could take place at a post-transcriptional level, since androstanediol (free and protein-bound) is found almost exclusively in the cytoplasm.
Cyproterone injected to gonadally intact males (2 injections of 10 mg each) does not alter the thymidine kinase activity; thus this antiandrogen does not act in the same way as acute castration.
Oestradiol induces an increase of thymidine kinase specific activity either in the intact or in the castrated male. Two doses of 0.1 μg or of 100 μg are almost equally effective, suggesting a great sensitivity to oestrogens of this specific metabolic pathway in the regulation of DNA biosynthesis. There is apparently no competition between androgens and oestrogens; this could be explained by the existence of different target cells, i. e. androgens acting essentially on gonadotrophs and oestrogens on whole cells.
ISOLATION OF DESIALYLATED AND LOW-IODINATED THYROGLOBULIN IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT THYROID TUMOUR
Authors: Monaco F. , Grimaldi S. , Scuncio G. , Andreoli M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an experimental rat thyroid tumour (Wollman line 1-1C2) thyroglobulin (TG) was isolated from soluble iodoproteins by ammonium sulphate fractionation and density gradient ultracentrifugation. The isolated TG was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, microimmunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation and by chemical determination of sialic acid and iodine content.
Tumour thyroglobulin has a sedimentation coefficient of 17.7S, which is similar to that of enzymatically desialylated thyroglobulin (18.4S) in the normal rat; tumour TG shows a slower electrophoretic mobility than native TG and similar to rat desialylated TG.
In double immunodiffusion tumour TG is shown to precipitate with an identity reaction with both native and desialylated rat TG; in immunoelectrophoresis it has a slower migration than native TG and is very close to that of enzymatically desialylated TG. Tumour TG has an iodine content of 0.02 % and a sialic content of 0.15 %. Chromatography of the 125I-labelled tumour TG revealed the presence of mono- and diiodothyrosines, a very small amount of triiodothyronine but no thyroxine.
These results suggest that tumour TG, isolated in the experimental rat thyroid tumour, previously shown not to incorporate sialic acid into thyroglobulin, has a different electrophoretic mobility from native TG but is very similar to desialylated rat TG and has a very low sialic acid and iodine content as well as a striking decrease in thyroxine.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF GONADOTROPHINS AND PROSTAGLANDINS ON THE METABOLISM OF ISOLATED OVARIAN FOLLICLES FROM PMSG-TREATED IMMATURE RATS
Authors: Nilsson Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pre-ovulatory follicles from immature rats injected with a low dose of PMSG have been used for studies of carbohydrate and protein metabolism in vitro. The follicles were isolated by free-hand dissection and incubated in modified Krebs bicarbonate buffer for periods up to 4 h. The lactic acid content of the medium was analyzed after various incubation periods. In most experiments the tissue uptake of [14C]α-amino-isobutyric acid and [3H] leucine as well as the incorporation of [3H] leucine into follicular protein were determined.
Addition of LH or FSH to the incubation medium markedly stimulated the production of lactic acid, whereas prostaglandins of the E-type were less effective. Prostaglandin F2α and dibutyryl cyclic 3′, 5′-AMP had no effect at all. No in vitro effects were seen on the uptake and incorporation af labelled amino acids. When LH or FSH was injected to the animals in vivo 1 or 2 h before incubation of the follicles, the lactic acid production was also stimulated, but only the injection of LH stimulated the protein incorporation of [3H] leucine.