bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of strengths and weaknesses in dyslexia and other learning difficulties
Authors: Everatt John , Weeks Sally , Brooks Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA total of 83 children with different special educational needs (SEN) assessments were contrasted with a control group (N = 40) without special needs on measures that aimed to identify potential areas of strengths as well as weaknesses in these SEN groups. Carefully selected groups of dyslexics, dyspraxics, children with specific language difficulties, moderate learning disabilities, attention deficits and emotional/behavioural disorders were assessed on measures of literacy, phonological and verbal skills, non‐verbal ability, problem behaviour scales and cognitive interference. Scores indicated that individual measures were relatively poor at specifically differentiating one SEN group from the controls and that all SEN groups presented evidence of literacy deficits despite potentially different causes for such acquisition difficulties. For most of the six SEN groups targeted, assessments that considered strengths as well as weaknesses provided a profile that specifically differentiated the group from the controls in contrast to the other SEN groups tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Course and predictors of rehospitalization in adolescent anorexia nervosa in a multisite study
Authors: Steinhausen Hans‐Christoph , Grigoroiu‐Serbanescu Maria , Boyadjieva Svetlana , Neumärker Klaus‐Jürgen , Winkler Metzke Christa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:The course and clinical predictors of rehospitalization were studied in a large sample of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa who had been treated at five European sites and been followed‐up.Method:Two‐hundred and twelve adolescent patients first admitted for in‐patient treatment, aged 10–18 (Mean 14.9) years and 94.8% female, were followed‐up for an average of 8.3 years after first admission at sites in (former East and West Berlin, Zurich, Sofia, and Bucharest). Clinical history data were collected by use of standardized item‐sheets at first admission. Semi‐structured interviews including ratings of eating pathology and psychosocial outcome were performed at follow‐up.Results:About 44.8% (95/212) of the patients required at least one readmission. Rates of rehospitalization were significantly higher at the Eastern sites (Sofia and Bucharest). Significant predictors of readmission were paternal alcoholism, history of anorexia nervosa in the family, eating disorder in infancy, periodic overactivity, lower weight increase at first admission, and lower BMI at first discharge. In a model of logistic regression analysis, five variables (paternal alcoholism, eating disorder in infancy, periodic overactivity, low weight increase during first admission, and low BMI at first discharge) correctly classified 69% of the participants into cases with single or repeated admissions. Patients with repeated admissions had a less favorable long term outcome and had higher rates of persisting psychopathology at follow‐up.Conclusion:Rehospitalization reflects the chronic course in a sizable proportion of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa. Family psychopathology may have an effect both in terms of genetic vulnerability and environmental stress leading to unfavorable courses. The strong effect of insufficient weight gain during first admission and lower BMI at first discharge emphasizes the importance of adequate interventions. Readmissions carry the risk for later poor psychosocial and psychiatric outcomes. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Crosstalk analysis model for traces crossing split ground plane and its reduction by stitching capacitor
Authors: Xiao Fengchao , Nakada Yohei , Murano Kimitoshi , Kami Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCrosstalk and its reduction by using stitching capacitors for traces crossing split ground plane are investigated in this paper. While two traces cross the same slot in the ground plane, the crosstalk between them will be of very high level, even if they are far apart. By examining the measured S‐parameter and near‐magnetic field, we concluded that the crosstalk is due to magnetic or inductive coupling between the trace and the slot in the ground. We therefore developed an equivalent circuit model for characterizing the crosstalk. The validity of the equivalent circuit model is verified by comparison with measurement results. The reduction of crosstalk by stitching the split ground plane with capacitors is discussed on the basis of the developed equivalent circuit model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(8): 26– 34, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20338
Proposal for a transmission line analytical method using multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Iijima Yosuke , Murakawa Masahiro , Kasai Yuji , Takahashi Eiichi , Higuchi Tetsuya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, simulations are increasingly important in the design and development of high‐speed transmission circuits, and simulations of high‐precision transmission lines based on actual measurements are essential. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a method of determining transmission line characteristics for implementing high‐precision transmission simulations from transmission line measurement results. The authors had previously proposed a method of creating an equivalent circuit model from transmission line characteristics. Combining that method with the method proposed in this paper enables high‐precision simulations based on actual measurements to be performed with a circuit simulator such as SPICE according to a procedure that (1) measures transmission lines, (2) determines transmission line characteristics, and (3) creates an equivalent circuit model. The method that is proposed in this paper for determining transmission line characteristics has two features: (1) fitting that simultaneously uses actually measured frequency characteristics and time‐based response waveform and (2) fitting that uses multi‐objective optimization. Specifically, the authors apply multi‐objective optimization using a genetic algorithm to simultaneously fit multiple sets of frequency characteristics and time‐based response waveforms. As a result, trial‐and‐error with weightings among the characteristics is unnecessary and fitting is automated. The results when the proposed method was actually verified by using micro‐strip lines clearly showed that a high‐precision simulation could be performed with respect to both the frequency and time axes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(8): 8–17, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20343
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Tetra‐ and Pentanuclear Lanthanide Hydroxido Clusters
Authors: Datta Simmi , Baskar Viswanathan , Li Henan , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTetra‐ and pentanuclear lanthanide clusters having dibenzoylmethanido and o‐nitrophenolato as ligands in the coordination sphere were prepared. Treating [LnCl3·6H2O] (Ln = Er, Tm) with dibenzoylmethane and o‐nitrophenol in the presence of triethylamine yielded the pentanuclear lanthanide clusters HNEt3+[Ln5(μ3‐OH)4(μ4‐OH)(Ph2acac)7(o‐O2NC6H4O)3Cl]– (Ln = Er, Tm). Under the same reaction conditions but using Yb and Lu as center metals, tetranuclear lanthanide clusters [Ln4(μ3‐OH)2(Ph2acac)8(o‐O2NC6H4O)2] (Ln = Yb, Lu) were obtained. The structures of all new compounds were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The anions of the pentanuclear lanthanide cores are square pyramidal. Each triangular face of the square pyramid is capped by one μ3‐O moiety. In the square base, four lanthanide atoms are linked by one μ4‐O atom. The formation of the hydroxido bridges can be explained by deprotonation of the coordinated water molecules.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Neuroblastomas have distinct genomic DNA profiles that predict clinical phenotype and regional gene expression
Authors: Mosse Yael P. , Diskin Sharon J. , Wasserman Nora , Rinaldi Katherine , Attiyeh Edward F. , Cole Kristina , Jagannathan Jayanti , Bhambhani Karishma , Winter Cynthia , Maris John M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNeuroblastoma is a heterogeneous neoplasm that has served as a paradigm for the clinical utility of somatically acquired genomic aberrations. DNA copy number alterations (CNA) are currently used to predict prognosis, including MYCN amplification and deletions at chromosome bands 1p36 and 11q23. We predicted that genome‐wide assessment of DNA aberrations in neuroblastoma tumors would provide a more precise estimation of clinical phenotype, and could be used to predict outcome. We measured CNAs in a representative set of 82 diagnostic tumors on a customized high‐resolution BAC array‐based CGH platform supplemented with additional clones across 1p36, 2p24, 3p21‐22, 11q14‐24, and 16p12‐13, and integrated these data with RNA expression data. We used an unbiased statistical method to define a set of minimal common regions (MCRs) of aberration. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified four distinct genomic subclasses. First, a subset of tumors with a clinically benign phenotype showed predominantly whole chromosome gains and losses. Second, tumors with MYCN amplification had a unique genomic signature of 1p deletion and 17q gain, but few other rearrangements. Third, tumors with an aggressive clinical phenotype without MYCN amplification, showed multiple structural rearrangements. Most notable were deletions of 3p, 4p, and 11q and gain of 1q, 2p, 12q, and 17q. Lastly, there was a subset of tumors with an aggressive clinical phenotype and no detectable DNA CNAs. The genomic subsets were highly correlated with patient outcome, and individual MCRs remained prognostic in a multivariable model. DNA signature patterns embed important prognostic information in diagnostic neuroblastoma samples, and can identify candidate cancer‐related genes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relevance of translocation type in myxoid liposarcoma and identification of a novel EWSR1‐DDIT3 fusion
Authors: Bode‐Lesniewska B. , Frigerio S. , Exner U. , Abdou M. T. , Moch H. , Zimmermann D. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe clinical course of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) is characterized by frequent local recurrences and metastases at unusual sites. MRCLs carry specific translocations, t(12;16) or rarely t(12;22), linking the FUS or the EWSR1 gene with the DDIT3 gene, respectively. Nine FUS/DDIT3 and three EWSR1/DDIT3 variants of fusion transcripts have been described thus far. In search of prognostic markers for MRCL, we analyzed the translocation types of 31 patients and related them to the event free and overall survival. Using break‐apart FISH and RT‐PCR combined with DNA sequencing, we detected FUS/DDIT3 fusions in 30 sarcomas, while an EWSR1/DDIT3 translocation was identified in one tumor. FUS/DDIT3 type II (exons 5‐2) was most commonly detected (20 cases), followed by type I (7‐2) (7 cases) and type III (8‐2) (3 cases). A single tumor carrying a t(12;22) translocation expressed a hitherto unknown EWSR1‐DDIT3 fusion transcript (13‐3) linking the complete RNA‐binding domain of EWSR1 with a short piece of the 5′‐UTR and the entire open reading frame of the DDIT3 gene. Interestingly, five of six patients with type I (7‐2) FUS/DDIT3 fusions displayed local recurrences and/or metastatic spread within the first 3 years, generally requiring chemotherapeutical treatment (median disease‐free survival 17 months). In contrast, 9 of 13 patients with type II FUS/DDIT3 translocations remained at 3 years disease‐free (median disease‐free survival 75 months). Since the total number of patients is still limited, further studies are required to verify a putative association of type I FUS/DDIT3‐fusion transcripts with a prognosis of MRCL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric power distribution: Theory and applications to risk measurement
Authors: Komunjer Ivana 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTheoretical literature in finance has shown that the risk of financial time series can be well quantified by their expected shortfall, also known as the tail value‐at‐risk. In this paper, I construct a parametric estimator for the expected shortfall based on a flexible family of densities, called the asymmetric power distribution (APD). The APD family extends the generalized power distribution to cases where the data exhibits asymmetry. The first contribution of the paper is to provide a detailed description of the properties of an APD random variable, such as its quantiles and expected shortfall. The second contribution of the paper is to derive the asymptotic distribution of the APD maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and construct a consistent estimator for its asymptotic covariance matrix. The latter is based on the APD score whose analytic expression is also provided. A small Monte Carlo experiment examines the small sample properties of the MLE and the empirical coverage of its confidence intervals. An empirical application to four daily financial market series reveals that returns tend to be asymmetric, with innovations which cannot be modeled by either Laplace (double‐exponential) or Gaussian distribution, even if we allow the latter to be asymmetric. In an out‐of‐sample exercise, I compare the performances of the expected shortfall forecasts based on the APD‐GARCH, Skew‐t‐GARCH and GPD‐EGARCH models. While the GPD‐EGARCH 1% expected shortfall forecasts seem to outperform the competitors, all three models perform equally well at forecasting the 5% and 10% expected shortfall. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delivery of rapamycin by PLGA nanoparticles enhances its suppressive activity on dendritic cells
Authors: Haddadi Azita , Elamanchili Praveen , Lavasanifar Afsaneh , Das Saswati , Shapiro James , Samuel John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapamycin delivery by poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles on the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow and exposed to particulate and soluble rapamycin without any additional treatment, or with pre‐ or posttreatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Annexin V‐FITC/PI staining was performed on DC cultures to assess the viability of DCs during study. Surface phenotype of DCs was characterized for the expression of maturation markers, that is, MHC class II, CD86, and CD40 by flow cytometry. Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for the production of TGF‐β, IL‐12, and IL‐10 cytokines using sandwich ELISA method. DCs from Balb/C mice were cocultured with T cells from C57BL/6 mice and allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction was assessed by [3H]‐Thymidine incorporation. Unlike free rapamycin that has shown little if any effect on the expression of maturation markers in immature DCs, PLGA encapsulated rapamycin decreased the expression of all maturation markers under the study, that is, MHC class II, CD86, and CD40, significantly. LPS pre‐ or posttreated DCs demonstrated decreased expression of MHC class II, CD86, and CD40 in the presence of soluble or encapsulated rapamycin. The cytokine secretion profiles revealed high levels of TGF‐β and very low levels of IL‐10 and IL‐12 production. Rapamycin in soluble or encapsulated form significantly inhibited mixed lymphocyte reaction in DCs. The inhibitory effect of rapamycin on the maturation of DCs with respect to DC phenotype, cytokine production, and functional effects on the proliferation of T cells was significantly increased by PLGA delivery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Maintaining dimensions and mechanical properties of ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogel scaffolds in vitro
Authors: Kuo Catherine K. , Ma Peter X. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIonically crosslinked alginate hydrogels are attractive scaffolds because of their biocompatibility and mild gelation reaction that allows for gentle cell incorporation. However, the instability of ionically crosslinked hydrogels in an aqueous environment is a challenge that limits their application. This report presents a novel method to control the dimensions and mechanical properties of ionically crosslinked hydrogels via control of the ionic concentration of the medium. Homogeneous calcium‐alginate gels were incubated in physiological saline baths adjusted to specific calcium ion concentrations. Swelling and shrinking occurred at low and high ionic concentrations of the medium, respectively, while an “optimal” intermediate calcium ion concentration of the medium was found to maintain original size and shape of the hydrogel. This optimal calcium ion concentration was found to be a function of crosslinking density and polymer concentration of the hydrogel and chemical composition of the alginate. The effects of optimal and high calcium ion concentrations of the medium on swelling behavior, calcium content, dry weight, and mechanical properties of the immersed hydrogels were investigated. It was found that the resulting hydrogel composition and mechanical properties depended on not only the calcium concentration of the medium, but also the crosslinking density and polymer concentration of the gel. In an 8‐week experiment, controlled dimensions and mechanical properties of alginate gels in an aqueous environment were demonstrated. This new technique significantly enhances the potential of alginate hydrogels for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of strontium‐enriched gelatin–calcium phosphate bone cements
Authors: Panzavolta S. , Torricelli P. , Sturba L. , Bracci B. , Giardino R. , Bigi A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStrontium is known to reduce bone resorption and stimulate bone formation. We have investigated the effect of strontium on the setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of a biomimetic gelatin–calcium phosphate bone cement. Gelatin‐α‐TCP powders, with a gelatin content of 15 wt %, were prepared by grinding and sieving the solid compounds obtained by casting gelatin aqueous solutions containing α‐TCP. 5 wt % of CaHPO4·2H2O were added to the cement powders before mixing with the liquid phase, with a L/P ratio of 0.3 mL/g. Strontium was added as SrCl2·6H2O in different amounts up to 5 atom %. X‐ray diffraction analysis, mechanical tests, and SEM investigations were carried out on the cements after different times of soaking in physiological solution. The presence of strontium affects both the initial and the final setting times of the cements, which increase with the ion content. The microstructural modifications observed in the SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces are in agreement with the increase of the total porosity, and with the slight reduction of the compressive strength of the aged cements, on increasing strontium content. The rate of transformation of α‐TCP into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite increases on increasing strontium content. SEM reveals that MG63 osteoblasts grown on the cements show a normal morphology and biological tests demonstrate very good rate of proliferation and viability in every experimental time. In particular, strontium stimulates Alkaline Phosphatase activity, Collagen type I, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin expression. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of low surface energy fluoropolymers as potential barrier coatings in oral care
Authors: Churchley David P. , Barbu Eugen , Ewen Richard J. , Shen Zhihao , Kim Yongchul , McHugh Mark A. , Zhang Zhong Yi , Nevell Thomas G. , Rees Gareth D. , Tsibouklis John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of low surface energy fluorinated homopolymers and copolymers has been synthesized and characterized using thermal, optical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic techniques. Their utility as barrier technologies in oral care has been considered, and aqueous nanosuspensions of the materials have been deposited as films on model dental hard surfaces in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. Calcium hydroxyapatite has been used as a model for enamel, as has PMMA due to its widespread use in denture fabrication. Surface energy determinations, combined with XPS studies, have provided insights into the molecular‐level organization at the surface of the film structures. Studies of solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide have identified the polymers that are suitable for processing in this medium. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Accelerated calcification in electrically conductive polymer composites comprised of poly(ε‐caprolactone), polyaniline, and bioactive mesoporous silicon
Authors: Whitehead Melanie A. , Fan Dongmei , Akkaraju Giridhar R. , Canham Leigh T. , Coffer Jeffery L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study the fabrication and characterization of an electrically conductive composite material comprised of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), polyaniline (PANi), and bioactive mesoporous silicon (BioSilicon™) is discussed. The influence of PANi and silicon on calcium phosphate induction was assessed via ex vitro calcification analyses (by acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) exposure) both with and without electrical bias. Acceleration of calcium phosphate formation is one possible desirable feature of “smart” synthetic scaffolds for selected orthopedic‐relevant applications. In addition, electrical stability assays were performed in growth medium (DMEM) to determine the stability of such structures to bias in an authentic electrolyte during a typical cell experiment. The cytocompatibility of the composites was evaluated in vitro using human kidney fibroblasts (HEK 293) cell proliferation assays, along with more orthopedically relevant mesenchymal stem cells from mouse stroma. Importantly, these composites demonstrate accelerated calcification in SBF when electrical bias is applied cathodically to the scaffold. Furthermore, these scaffolds exhibit noncytotoxic behavior in the presence of fibroblasts over an 8‐day culture period, and attachment of stromal cells to the semiconducting scaffold was directly imaged via scanning electron microscopy. Overall, these results suggest that materials of this type of composition have potential merit as a biomaterial. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Mechanisms that mediate stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation
Authors: Zhang Haojian , Wang Zack Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStem cells have two common properties: the capacity for self‐renewal and the potential to differentiate into one or more specialized cell types. In general, stem cells can be divided into two broad categories: adult (somatic) stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Recent evidence suggested that tumors may contain “cancer stem cells” with indefinite potential for self‐renewal. In this review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms regulating embryonic stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation, and discuss how these mechanisms may be relevant in cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 709–718, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.