bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 Activates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor through Enhancing the Stability and Activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jun , Chung Heekyoung , Yoo Young-Gun , Kim Hwan , Lee Jeong-Yeon , Lee Mi-Ock , Kong Gu 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id-1) has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis by regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but its molecular mechanism has not been fully understood. Here, we show the cross talk between Id-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), that Id-1 induces VEGF by enhancing the stability and activity of HIF-1α in human endothelial and breast cancer cells. Although both the transcript and proteins levels of VEGF were induced by Id-1, only the protein expression of HIF-1α was induced without transcriptional changes in both human umbilical endothelial cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Such induction of the HIF-1α protein did not require de novo protein synthesis but was dependent on the active extracellular response kinase (ERK) pathway. In addition, stability of the HIF-1α protein was enhanced in part by the reduced association of the HIF-1α protein with von Hippel-Lindau protein in the presence of Id-1. Furthermore, Id-1 enhanced nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. Transcriptional activation of HIF-1–dependent promoters was dependent on the active ERK pathway, and the association of HIF-1α protein with cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein was enhanced by Id-1. Finally, Id-1 induced tube formation in human umbilical endothelial cells, which also required active ERK signaling. In conclusion, we provide the molecular mechanism of the cross talk between HIF-1α and Id-1, which may play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(4):321–9)
Analysis of the ENSO Cycle in the NCEP Coupled Forecast Model
Authors: Zhang Qin , Kumar Arun , Xue Yan , Wang Wanqiu , Jin Fei-Fei 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Simulations from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) coupled model are analyzed to document and understand the behavior of the evolution of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The analysis is of importance for two reasons: 1) the coupled model used in this study is also used operationally to provide model-based forecast guidance on a seasonal time scale, and therefore, an understanding of the ENSO mechanism in this particular coupled system could also lead to an understanding of possible biases in SST predictions; and 2) multiple theories for ENSO evolution have been proposed, and coupled model simulations are a useful test bed for understanding the relative importance of different ENSO mechanisms.
The analyses of coupled model simulations show that during the ENSO evolution the net surface heat flux acts as a damping mechanism for the mixed-layer temperature anomalies, and positive contribution from the advection terms to the ENSO evolution is dominated by the linear advective processes. The subsurface temperature–SST feedback, referred to as thermocline feedback in some theoretical literature, is found to be the primary positive feedback, whereas the advective feedback by anomalous zonal currents and the thermocline feedback are the primary sources responsible for the ENSO phase transition in the model simulation. The basic mechanisms for the model-simulated ENSO cycle are thus, to a large extent, consistent with those highlighted in the recharge oscillator. The atmospheric anticyclone (cyclone) over the western equatorial northern Pacific accompanied by a warm (cold) phase of the ENSO, as well as the oceanic Rossby waves outside of 15°S–15°N and the equatorial higher-order baroclinic modes, all appear to play minor roles in the model ENSO cycles.
ENSO’s Impact on Regional U.S. Hurricane Activity
Authors: Smith Shawn R. , Brolley Justin , O’Brien James J. , Tartaglione Carissa A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Regional variations in North Atlantic hurricane landfall frequency along the U.S. coastline are examined in relation to the phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO warm (cold) phases are known to reduce (increase) hurricane activity in the North Atlantic basin as a whole. Using best-track data from the U.S. National Hurricane Center, regional analysis reveals that ENSO cold-phase landfall frequencies are only slightly larger than neutral-phase landfall frequencies along the Florida and Gulf coasts. However, for the East Coast, from Georgia to Maine, a significant decrease in landfall frequency occurs during the neutral ENSO phase as compared to the cold phase. Along the East Coast, two or more major (category 3 or above) hurricanes never made landfall in the observational record (1900–2004) during a single hurricane season classified as an ENSO neutral or warm phase.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters for Assessing Risk of Recurrent Hamstring Injuries in Elite Athletes
Authors: Koulouris George , Connell David A. , Brukner Peter , Schneider-Kolsky Michal 
Published: April 2007

Background Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has established its usefulness in diagnosing hamstring muscle strain and identifying features correlating with the duration of rehabilitation in athletes; however, data are currently lacking that may predict which imaging parameters may be predictive of a repeat strain. Purpose This study was conducted to identify whether any MR imaging-identifiable parameters are predictive of athletes at risk of sustaining a recurrent hamstring strain in the same playing season. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Forty-one players of the Australian Football League who sustained a hamstring injury underwent MR examination within 3 days of injury between February and August 2002. The imaging parameters measured were the length of injury, cross-sectional area, the specific muscle involved, and the location of the injury within the muscle-tendon unit. Players who suffered a repeat injury during the same season were reimaged, and baseline and repeat injury measurements were compared. Comparison was also made between this group and those who sustained a single strain. Results Forty-one players sustained hamstring strains that were positive on MR imaging, with 31 injured once and 10 suffering a second injury. The mean length of hamstring muscle injury for the isolated group was 83.4 mm, compared with 98.7 mm for the reinjury group (P = .35). In the reinjury group, the second strain was also of greater length than the original (mean, 107.5 mm; P = .07). Ninety percent of players sustaining a repeat injury demonstrated an injury length greater than 60 mm, compared with only 58% in the single strain group (P = .01). Only 7% of players (1 of 14) with a strain <60 mm suffered a repeat injury. Of the 27 players sustaining a hamstring strain >60 mm, 33% (9 of 27) suffered a repeat injury. Of all the parameters assessed, only a history of anterior cruciate ligament sprain was a statistically significant predictor for suffering a second strain during the same season of competition. Conclusion A history of anterior cruciate ligament injury was the only statistically significant risk factor for a recurrent hamstring strain in our study. Of the imaging parameters, the MR length of a strain had the strongest correlation association with a repeat hamstring strain and therefore may assist in identifying which athletes are more likely to suffer further reinjury.
An IAP retrotransposon in the mouse ADAMTS13 gene creates ADAMTS13 variant proteins that are less effective in cleaving von Willebrand factor multimers
Authors: Zhou Wenhua , Bouhassira Eric E. , Tsai Han-Mou 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSevere deficiency of ADAMTS13, a von Willebrand factor (VWF)–cleaving metalloprotease, causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. When analyzed with VWF multimers, but not with an abbreviated VWF peptide (VWF73) as the substrate, the plasma ADAMTS13 activity levels of mouse strains segregated into a high and a low group that differed by approximately 10 fold. Low ADAMTS13 activity was detected in mice containing 2 alleles of intracisternal A-type particle (IAP) retrotransposon sequence in the ADAMTS13 gene. Molecular cloning of mouse ADAMTS13 identified 2 truncated variants (IAP-a and IAP-b) in the low-activity mice. Both of the IAP variants lacked the 2 carboxyl terminus thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) and CUB domains of full-length ADAMTS13. The IAP-b variant also had splicing abnormalities affecting the spacer domain sequence and had miniscule enzymatic activity. Compared with full-length ADAMTS13, the IAP-a variant was approximately one ninth as active in cleaving VWF multimers but was only slightly less active in cleaving VWF73 peptide. Recombinant human ADAMTS13 was also less effective in cleaving VWF multimers than VWF73 when the C-terminal TSR sequence was deleted. In summary, the carboxyl terminus TSR sequence is important for cleaving VWF multimers. Assay results should be interpreted with caution when peptide substrates are used for analysis of variant ADAMTS13 proteins.
Comparison of Seven Serum Thyroglobulin Assays in the Follow-Up of Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Schlumberger M. , Hitzel A. , Toubert M. E. , Corone C. , Troalen F. , Schlageter M. H. , Claustrat F. , Koscielny S. , Taieb D. , Toubeau M. , Bonichon F. , Borson-Chazot F. , Leenhardt L. , Schvartz C. , Dejax C. , Brenot-Rossi I. , Torlontano M. , Tenenbaum F. , Bardet S. , Bussière F. , Girard J. J. , Morel O. , Schneegans O. , Schlienger J. L. , Prost A. , So D. , Archambeaud F. , Ricard M. , Benhamou E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Background: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is the marker of differentiated thyroid cancer after initial treatment and TSH stimulation increases its sensitivity for the diagnosis of recurrent disease.
Aim: The goal of the study is to compare the diagnostic values of seven methods for serum Tg measurement for detecting recurrent disease both during L-T4 treatment and after TSH stimulation.
Methods: Thyroid cancer patients who had no evidence of persistent disease after initial treatment (total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation) were studied at 3 months on L-T4 treatment (Tg1) and then at 9–12 months after withdrawal or recombinant human TSH stimulation (Tg2). Sera with anti-Tg antibodies or with an abnormal recovery test result were excluded from Tg analysis with the corresponding assay. The results of serum Tg determination were compared to the clinical status of the patient at the end of follow-up.
Results: Thirty recurrences were detected among 944 patients. A control 131I total body scan had a low sensitivity, a low specificity, and a low clinical impact. Assuming a common cutoff for all Tg assays at 0.9 ng/ml, sensitivity ranged from 19–40% and 68–76% and specificity ranged from 92–97% and 81–91% for Tg 1 and Tg2, respectively. Using assays with a functional sensitivity at 0.2–0.3 ng/ml, sensitivity was 54–63% and specificity was 89% for Tg1. Using the two methods with a lowest functional sensitivity at 0.02 and 0.11 ng/ml resulted in a higher sensitivity for Tg1 (81% and 78%), but at the expense of a loss of specificity (42% and 63%); finally, for these two methods, using an optimized functional sensitivity according to receiver operating characteristic curves at 0.22 and 0.27 ng/ml resulted in a sensitivity at 65% and specificity at 85–87% for Tg1.
Conclusion: Using an assay with a lower functional sensitivity may give an earlier indication of the presence of Tg in the serum on L-T4 treatment and may be used to study the trend in serum Tg without performing any TSH stimulation. Serum Tg determination obtained after TSH stimulation still permits a more reliable assessment of cure and patient’s reassurance.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysregulation and Memory Impairments in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bruehl Hannah , Rueger Melanie , Dziobek Isabel , Sweat Victoria , Tirsi Aziz , Javier Elizabeth , Arentoft Alyssa , Wolf Oliver T. , Convit Antonio 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Context: There is evidence of both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the exact nature and the associations between these abnormalities remain unclear.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to characterize the nature of the HPA dysregulation in T2DM and ascertain whether impaired cognition in T2DM could be attributed to these abnormalities.
Design: A cross-sectional study was performed, contrasting matched groups on HPA axis function and cognition by using the combined dexamethasone (DEX)/CRH test and a neuropsychological battery assessing declarative and working memory, attention, and executive function.
Setting: The study was conducted in a research clinic in an academic medical center.
Participants: Participants were volunteers functioning in the cognitively normal range. We studied 30 middle-aged individuals with T2DM, on average 7.5 yr since diabetes diagnosis, and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched controls.
Main Outcome Measures: Basal cortisol levels, cortisol levels during the DEX/CRH test, and performance on neuropsychological tests were measured.
Results: Individuals with T2DM had elevated basal plasma cortisol levels, higher levels after DEX suppression, and a larger response to CRH (all P ≤ 0.005). Among individuals with T2DM, cortisol levels during the DEX/CRH test were positively associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.05), independent of age, body mass index, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Diabetic subjects showed cognitive impairments restricted to declarative memory. Across all subjects, declarative memory was inversely associated with cortisol levels; however, these associations were subsumed by glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin).
Conclusions: HPA hyperactivity and declarative memory deficits are present in T2DM. Both alterations may reflect the negative impact of poor glycemic control on the hippocampal formation.
Gold Electrodes Modified with Multilayers of M–TTF–Tetrathiolate (M = NiII and CuII, TTF = Tetrathiafulvalene)
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhu Qin-Yu , Bian Guo-Qing , Guo Wen-Juan , Lu Wen , Dai Jie 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Gold electrodes, on which multilayered metal–TTF derivatives (M–TTFS4) were assembled, exhibit a redox activity, and the redox potentials are sensitive to the metal ions being coordinated. The M–TTFS4 showed broad and very strong absorbance in the range of near IR, attributed to the charge-transfer band between the metal ions and the ligand.
Nitrogen-linked Aromatic Poly(2,7-carbazole)s: Partially Annulated Poly(m-aniline)s
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Kumazawa Hiroe , Shigehara Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Nitrogen-linked aromatic carbazole polymers were prepared by palladium-catalyzed amination reactions. They are classified as a partially annulated poly(m-aniline), and show a bathochromic shift of absorption maxima as well as reversible redox responses in solutions.
C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement in canine serum following experimentally-induced acute gastric mucosal injury
Authors: Otabe Kouji , Ito Tsuneo , Sugimoto Tetsuro , Yamamoto Shizuo 
Published: April 2007

To establish the diagnostic significance of canine C-reactive protein (CRP) in gastrointestinal disorders, the serum canine CRP concentration was measured in dogs with experimentally-induced acute gastric mucosal injury. Gastric injury was induced in one male and one female beagle by a single dose oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (200 mg/kg body weight) or indomethacin (60 mg/kg body weight), or sodium chloride (1000 mg/kg body weight). CRP was measured prior to dose, and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after the administration of the drugs, together with the total leucocyte counts and serum iron. Changes in the serum CRP in dogs with gastric injury were similar for the three test compounds, and reflected by the endoscopic findings. CRP values increased from 87 to 390 mg/l within 1 to 3 days after the compound administration but returned nearly to the predose levels within 14 days. Endoscopy revealed haemorrhagic erosion of the gastric mucosa in all dogs one day after dosing, with no evidence of the erosions observed after 7 days in many of the dogs. Changes of the total leucocyte and serum iron also occurred following gastric injury, but these changes were not as marked as those observed for CRP. The results of this study suggest that serum CRP level may be a useful indicator of a gastrointestinal mucosal injury in dogs.
Medication Safety: Effect of Content and Format of Prescription Drug Labels on Readability, Understanding, and Medication Use: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shrank William , Avorn Jerry , Rolon Cony , Shekelle Paul 
Published: April 2007

Objective: To evaluate the evidence regarding the optimal content and format of prescription labels that might improve readability, understanding, and medication use. Data Sources: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews from MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database (1990–June 2005), supplemented by reference mining and reference lists from a technical expert panel. Study Selection: We selected studies that focused on the content of physician–patient communication about medications and the content and format of prescription drug iabels. Data Extraction: Two reviewers extracted and synthesized information about study design, populations, and outcomes, Data Synthesis: Of 2009 articles screened, 36 that addressed the content of physician–patient communication about medications and 69 that were related to the content or format of medication labels met review criteria. Findings showed that patients request information about a drug's indication, expected benefits, duration of therapy, and a thorough list of potential adverse effects. The evidence about label format supports the use of larger fonts, lists, headers, and white space, using simple language and logical organization to improve readability and comprehension. Evidence was not sufficient to support the use of pictographic icons. Little evidence linked label design or content to measurable health outcomes, adherence, or safety. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that specific content and format of prescription drug labels facilitate communication with and comprehension by patients. Efforts to improve the labels should be guided by such evidence, although additional study assessing the influence of label design on medication-taking behavior and health outcomes is needed. Several policy options exist to require minimal standards to optimize medical therapy, particularly in light of the new Medicare prescription drug benefit.
Uniqueness results for the moonshine vertex operator algebra
Authors: Dong Chongying , Griess Robert L. , Lam Ching Hung 
Published: April 2007

It is proved that the vertex operator algebra V is isomorphic to the moonshine VOA V of Frenkel-Lepowsky-Meurman if it satisfies conditions (a,b,c,d) or (a',b,c,d). These conditions are:	(a) V is the only irreducible module for itself and V is C2-cofinite; (a') dim Vn ≤ dim Vn for n ≥ 3; the central charge is 24; V1 = 0; V2 (under the first product on V) is isomorphic to the Griess algebra. Our two main theorems therefore establish weak versions of the FLM uniqueness conjecture for the moonshine vertex operator algebra. We believe that these are the first such results.
“Living Dolls”: François IerDresses His Women*
Authors: Croizat Yassana C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn addition to portraits and diplomatic reports, Renaissance courts relied on fashion dolls to acquaint themselves with foreign dress. Unfortunately, literature on this subject is scarce and often disappointing. Overlooked by doll historians, a letter written by Federico Gonzaga (1500–40) in 1515 reveals that François Ier(1494–1547) requested a fashion doll from Isabella d’Este (1474–1539). After examining this document within the context of what is currently known about Renaissance fashion dolls, this essay explores what François Ier’s interest in these objects suggests about his personality and his relationship to the women of his court.
Possessing the Sacred: Monarchy and Identity in Philip II’s Relic Collection at the Escorial*
Authors: Lazure Guy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTraditionally, Philip II’s massive relic collection preserved in the palace-monastery of the Escorial has been interpreted as a testimony to the Spanish king’s devotion to the cult of saints, and a proof of his support for the principles of the Tridentine Church. This essay explores some of Philip II’s more political and symbolic uses of relics, and studies their role in the construction of a monarchical, spiritual, and national identity in sixteenth-century Spain.
“An headlesse Ladie” and “a horses loade of heades”: Writing the Beheading
Authors: Patricia Palmer 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe savagery of the native Irish and, in particular, their predilection for severing heads, is repeatedly asserted, not only in the texts of conquest, but in representations of the “Wild Irish” on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage. This essay tests this literary commonplace against the historical record of the early modern conquest of Ireland. Far from being merely the aberrant practice of the barbarous Gaels, beheading — and a form of judicial headhunting — became a cornerstone of the conquerors’ policy of martial law. As atrocity was redefined as justice, so, in the hands of writers such as Spenser, Churchyard, and Derricke, was it aestheticized. But even as such writers wove inventive beheadings into their texts, Irish poets were elegizing the severed heads of patrons killed by the English. The poetry of beheading became a site of cultural confrontation and of unexpected assertions of humanity.
The 2006 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture
Authors: Starn Randolph 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe place of the Renaissance in historical narratives of modernity was problematic long before recent bouts of dismissal, denial, or indifference. However, the idea is a hardy survivor and the old phoenix is at it again. Has the Renaissance gained a new, postmodern lease on life? Plurality, discontinuity, and contingency are hallmarks of that protean, much-contested label and of current Renaissance studies, not to mention the Renaissance boom in pop culture. Is this a mirror reflecting only our own preconceptions or a window that discloses a Renaissance that was never convincingly modern in the first place? What are the implications, one way or another, for the present and future of Renaissance studies?
Spectral study on the molecular orientation of a tetracationic porphyrin dye on the surface of layered silicates
Authors: Čeklovský Alexander , Bujdák Juraj , Czímerová Adriana , Iyi Nobuo 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Tetracationic porphyrin dyes TMPyP and ZnPyP were intercalated into hydrophobized layered silicate films of three smectites. The smectites represented the layered silicate specimens of high (Fluorohectorite, Corning; FHT), medium (Kunipia F montmorillonite; KF) and low layer charge (Laponite, Laporte; LAP). The molecular orientations of the dye cations were studied by means of linearly-polarized ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The spectral analysis and consequent calculations of tilting angles of the transition moments at the wavelengths of Soret band transitions were in the range of 25°-35°. The determined angles indicated molecular orientation of the dye cations being almost parallel to the surface of the silicates. Slightly higher values (above 35°), determined for a FHT film, indicated either a slightly tilted orientation of the dye cations or the change of molecular comformation after the intercalation of the dye.