bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-protein-bound oestradiol and progesterone in human peripheral plasma before labour and delivery
Authors: Anderson P. J. B. , Hancock K. W. , Oakey R. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma samples were obtained at weekly intervals from the peripheral circulation of 12 women in the last 2–7 weeks of pregnancy. The concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone (isolated by chromatography) were measured by radioimmunoassay; the proportion of each hormone which was not bound to protein was measured by steady-state gel filtration. From these, the apparent concentration of the non-protein-bound form of each hormone was calculated.
The mean proportion of oestradiol not bound to protein varied from 0·84 to 2·71% in the different subjects, but within each subject variation was within experimental error. For progesterone, the mean proportion not bound to protein in the different subjects varied from 1·76 to 2·77%; within individuals the proportion remained essentially constant.
There was no consistent, recognizable trend as labour approached in (i) the concentration of oestradiol; (ii) the concentration of progesterone; (iii) the concentrations of non-protein-bound oestradiol or non-protein-bound progesterone; (iv) the ratio of the concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol; (v) the ratio of the concentrations of non-protein-bound progesterone and oestradiol. In nine out of 12 subjects, the ratio of the concentration of non-protein-bound progesterone to that of non-protein-bound oestradiol was greater than the corresponding ratio based on total hormone concentrations.
These results therefore provide no support for the hypothesis that human labour is preceded by alteration in the progesterone to oestradiol ratio which can be detected by measurement of these hormones in peripheral blood.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 7–15
Water and electrolyte contents, cell pH and membrane potentials of cultured turtle thyroid cells
Authors: Chow S. Y. , Yen-Chow Y. C. , Woodbury D. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Water and electrolyte contents, cell pH, membrane potential and 125I− uptake were determined in cultured follicular cells of turtle thyroid. The Na+, K+ and Cl− concentrations in the cultured thyroid cells were 59·2, 119·0 and 50·9 mmol/l cell water respectively. Treatment with TSH (10 mu./ml for 24 h) increased the K+ and Cl− and decreased the Na+ concentrations in cells. The water and protein contents of these cells were 81·6 and 8·7 g/100 g cells respectively. The cell pH was 6·91. With glass microelectrodes, the resting membrane potential of thyroid cells cultured in Medium 199 averaged 33·9 ± 0·63 mV which is slightly higher than 29·8 ± 1·6 mV as calculated from the data on the uptakes of [14C]methyltriphenylphosphonium and 3H2O by the cells. The potential varied linearly with the log of external K + concentration (between 15 and 120 mmol/l) with a slope of about 24 mV per tenfold change in K+ concentration. Both TSH and cyclic AMP depolarized the cell membrane. Calculations based on the values for the electrolyte concentrations in cells and in culture medium indicated that Na+, K+ and Cl− were not distributed according to their electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. Na+ was actively transported out of the cells and K+ and Cl− into the cells. Follicular cells of turtle thyroid cultured in the medium without addition of TSH formed a monolayer. Their iodide-concentrating ability was low and they did not respond to TSH with an increase in iodide uptake. In contrast, cells cultured in medium containing TSH tended to aggregate and organize to form follicles. They had higher ability to concentrate iodide and respond to TSH.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 45–52
Permanent changes in the functional development of accessory sex organs and in fertility in male mice after neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate
Authors: Jean-Faucher Ch. , Berger M. , De Turckheim M. , Veyssiere G. , Jean Cl. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male mice were injected daily with cyproterone acetate for 10 consecutive days during one of the four following periods: 1–10 days, 11–20 days, 21–30 days or 31–40 days. At all stages studied cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of epididymis, vas deferens, preputial gland and seminal vesicle in males killed 24 h after the last injection; the androgen content (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) of the accessory sex organs was also reduced but the differences were not always significant. Cyproterone acetate treatment from 1 to 10 days resulted in a definitive reduction in the relative weights of all accessory sex organs studied and when injected from 11 to 20 days in epididymis and vas deferens. When cyproterone acetate was injected after 20 days of age, the inhibition of sexual organ weights was reversible and at adulthood organs were normally developed. Cyproterone acetate treatment induced a high percentage of infertile males only when injected from 1 to 10 days. Spermatogenesis, androgen levels in plasma and accessory sex organs, and sexual behaviour were not affected in sterile males.
These results suggest that the functional development of accessory sex organs can be permanently affected by short-term neonatal exposure to endogenous androgens.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 113–120
The role of fetal adrenal hormones in the switch from fetal to adult globin synthesis in the sheep
Authors: Wintour E. M. , Smith M. B. , Bell R. J. , McDougall J. G. , Cauchi M. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The switch from γ (fetal) to β (adult) globin production was studied by the analysis of globin synthesis in chronically cannulated ovine fetuses and newborn lambs. The γ/α globin synthesis ratio decreased from 0·98 ± 0·11 (s.d.) (n = 4 samples) at 100–120 days of gestation to 0·15± 0·07 (n = 4) in lambs of 150–156 days post-conception, and the β/α synthesis ratio increased from 0·04 ± 0·06 (n = 4) to 1·13 ± 0·21 (n = 4) over the same period. In bilaterally adrenalectomized fetuses, which survived in utero until 151–156 days, the γ/α and β/α synthesis ratios were 0·64 ± 0·14 (n = 3) and 0·25 ± 0·07 (n = 3) respectively in the 150- to 156-day period. Bilateral adrenalectomy did not affect the time of onset of β globin synthesis, but significantly decreased the rate. In one bilaterally adrenalectomized fetus the infusion of increasing concentrations of cortisol restored the rate of β globin synthesis to normal. Treatment of three intact fetuses with 100 μg cortisol/h for 3 weeks, from 100 to 121 days, did not affect the timing or rate of switch from γ to β globin synthesis. Thus fetal adrenal secretions, probably cortisol, affected the rate of change of γ to β globin synthesis but other factors must have been involved in the initiation of the switch.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 165–170
Lack of growth hormone-dependent somatomedins or growth retardation in hypophysectomized fetal lambs
Authors: Parkes M. J. , Hill D. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fetal lambs were hypophysectomized and, after 8 days of recovery, given infusions of GH, prolactin, thyroxine and insulin with glucose. Hypophysectomy caused no consistent reduction in fetal plasma somatomedin-like activity. Fetal infusions of GH or prolactin caused no consistent change in plasma somatomedin-like activity. It was concluded that fetal somatomedin-like activity is not GH dependent. After hypophysectomy fetal lambs showed no reduction in body weight or length at term.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 193–199
Contrasting effects of prolactin on luteal and follicular steroidogenesis
Authors: Kalison B. , Warshaw M. L. , Gibori G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To determine whether prolactin affects both luteal and follicular production of testosterone and oestradiol, pseudopregnant rats, either intact or hypophysectomized on day 8, were injected daily between days 8 and 9 with 1·5 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), 250 μg prolactin or a combination of both. Control rats were given vehicle. On day 9, blood was obtained from the ovarian vein and corpora lutea and follicles were isolated and incubated in vitro for 2 h. Administration of hCG to intact rats increased ovarian secretion of testosterone and oestradiol dramatically, but did not affect progesterone secretion. Hypophysectomy on day 8 of pseudopregnancy was followed by a drop in ovarian steroid secretion. Prolactin treatment of hypophysectomized rats markedly enhanced progesterone production but had no stimulatory effect on either testosterone or oestradiol. In contrast, hCG dramatically enhanced ovarian secretion of both testosterone and oestradiol without affecting progesterone secretion. Prolactin administered together with hCG antagonized the stimulation of both testosterone and oestradiol secretion by hCG, yet increased progesterone production. When the specific effects of hCG and prolactin administration on follicles and corpora lutea were studied separately, it was found that hCG treatment in vivo greatly stimulated testosterone and oestradiol production by both tissues in vitro. Since hCG only marginally affected aromatase activity in the follicle, had no effect on aromatase activity in luteal cells and did not increase progesterone synthesis, it appears that hCG acts to increase the formation of androgen substrate for oestradiol biosynthesis. Prolactin, administered with or without hCG, inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone and oestradiol synthesis by the follicle. In sharp contrast to its inhibitory effect on follicular production of steroids, prolactin appears to be essential for LH stimulation of testosterone and oestradiol by the corpus luteum. In the absence of prolactin, luteal cells gradually ceased to respond to LH and decreased their output of testosterone and oestradiol. Prolactin administration to hypophysectomized rats did not affect luteal cell production of either steroid. However, corpora lutea of rats treated with prolactin responded to the hCG challenge with an increase in testosterone and oestradiol synthesis.
In summary, results of this investigation demonstrate that prolactin affects follicular and luteal production of testosterone and oestradiol in opposite ways. It acts on the follicle to inhibit both basal and LH-stimulated production of testosterone and oestradiol, yet it markedly enhances LH stimulation of testosterone and oestradiol synthesis by luteal cells.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 241–250
A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human corticosteroid binding globulin
Authors: Robinson P. A. , Langley M. S. , Hammond G. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) has been developed using 125I-labelled CBG and a monospecific solid-phase CBG-antiserum (CBG-Ab-cellulose). In an RIA of serum CBG concentrations, pure CBG standards (1–100 ng protein) or samples (1 : 200) were incubated (16 h at 20 °C) with 125I-labelled CBG and CBG-Ab-cellulose. After addition of 2 ml 0·9% NaCl, the tubes were centrifuged, supernatants were aspirated and the 125I-labelled CBG bound to the CBG-Ab-cellulose pellet was counted. The specificity of the RIA was confirmed by parallel displacement curves for serial dilutions of male, female and pregnancy sera, as well as pure CBG standards. The mean ± s.d. recovery (99±8%) of pure CBG (1·6–25·0 ng) added to a diluted serum sample verified the accuracy of the method, and a good correlation (r = 0·97; n = 43) existed between serum CBG cortisol binding capacity (nmol/l) measurements and CBG concentrations (mg protein/l) measured by RIA. Intra- and interassay precisions (C.V.) at low to high serum CBG concentrations were <5% and <9% respectively. The mean ± s.d. serum CBG concentrations (mg protein/l) measured by the RIA were: 21·8±4·6 in boys (n = 12), 20·0±4·2 in girls (n = 9), 20·7±2·7 in men (n = 6), 20·5±2·9 in women (n = 6) and 47·1 ±10·5 in pregnant women (n = 5). The sensitivity of the standard curve used in the routine RIA of serum CBG was 1·0 ng CBG/assay tube, but this could be increased to 0·2 ng/assay tube by reducing the amount of CBG-Ab-cellulose used. The RIA is suitable for both clinical and research purposes, and will aid the identification of abnormal forms of CBG and facilitate studies of the regulation of CBG production in vitro.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 259–267
Effect of a single injection of prolactin on the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and corticosterone and liver monodeiodinase in the domestic fowl before and after hatching
Authors: Decuypere E. , Kühn E. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of an intravenous injection of ovine prolactin on the liver monodeiodinase activity and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and corticosterone was studied in Hisex embryos and chicks after hatching. An injection of 1 and 10 μg ovine prolactin into 18-day-old chick embryos increased serum concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3) five-and eightfold respectively after 2 h. At the same time serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and reverse T3 (rT3) were decreased in the chick embryo, but only with 10 μg prolactin. This was accompanied by a doubling of the liver monodeiodinase activity. Serum concentrations of corticosterone, however, were not influenced by the prolactin injections. In the 5-day-old chicken, serum concentrations of T3, rT3, T4 and liver T4-5′-monodeiodinase activity were not influenced by 1 or 10 μg prolactin. Serum concentrations of corticosterone after injection of 1 or 10 μg prolactin were doubled compared with controls. These results are compatible with a prolactin-induced shift from a T4-5-monodeiodination into a T4-5′-monodeiodination in the liver at the end of incubation. This effect, however, is not mediated through a prolactin-induced corticosterone release.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 363–366
The Second International Reference Preparation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Human, for Immunoassay: calibration by bioassay and immunoassay in an international collaborative study
Authors: Gaines Das R. E. , Bristow A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four batches of ampouled materials in ampoules coded 80/558, 81/502, 81/565 and 81/615 were evaluated by 22 laboratories in nine countries in an international collaborative study for their suitability to serve as a replacement for the First International Reference Preparation (IRP) of TSH, Human, for Immunoassay. The ampouled preparations were calibrated by immunoassay and bioassay. The preparation coded 80/558 had satisfactory stability and contained acceptably low levels of contamination with FSH and LH. Estimates of the immunoreactive TSH content of a set of specimens of serum in terms of 80/558 showed agreement in ranking order and no increase in variability compared with estimates made by assay against the First IRP. On the basis of these results, with the agreement of the participants in the study, and with the authorization of the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization, the preparation coded 80/558 was established in 1983 as the Second International Reference Preparation of TSH, Human, for Immunoassay, with a defined potency of 37 mi.u./ampoule. Preparations coded 81/502, 81/565 and 81/615 were found suitable to serve as working standards.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 367–379
Control of zona glomerulosa function in the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland in situ
Authors: Hinson J. P. , Vinson G. P. , Whitehouse B. J. , Price G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The extent to which results obtained using in-vitro techniques can be taken to reflect in-vivo physiological responses in the study of adrenocortical function has not been subjected to systematic study. Some evidence suggests that in-vitro preparative methods may affect the secreted steroid profile. For this reason it seemed desirable to study adrenal function using an isolated perfused whole gland technique, and this study reports results obtained with known aldosterone stimulants.
Angiotensin II, ACTH and potassium ions all stimulated aldosterone secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulation thresholds of these substances were compatible with their normal circulating concentrations. For angiotensin II stimulation this preparation was two orders of magnitude more sensitive than any in-vitro preparation. Most importantly, the specific glomerulosa effectors, angiotensin II and potassium, selectively stimulated aldosterone output, and had no consistent effect on corticosterone secretion at any dose used. On the other hand, ACTH stimulated both corticosterone and aldosterone output at all effective concentrations.
The actions of α-MSH were also studied using this preparation. Low doses of α-MSH selectively stimulated aldosterone secretion, while higher doses were needed to stimulate corticosterone. The onset of response to all stimulants was invariably seen within the first 10 min after administration of stimulants. Maximal aldosterone output was achieved within the first 10 min whereas corticosterone secretion usually peaked 10–20 min later. The amount of aldosterone produced by this preparation was much higher than the amount produced by dispersed cell preparations, and closely approximated to the levels of aldosterone obtained in adrenal vein blood.
The data indicate that the isolated circulation perfused gland system is a sensitive preparation which approximates to the physiological condition. In particular, aldosterone is the prominent glomerulosa product, and corticosterone is, in this system, a more specific marker for inner zone function.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 387–395
Administration of synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor for five days sustains raised serum concentrations of growth hormone in steers
Authors: Moseley W. M. , Krabill L. F. , Friedman A. R. , Olsen R. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum GH concentrations in steers were examined during extended treatment with synthetic GH-releasing factor(1–44)NH2 (GRF). The results indicate that GRF given as frequent microinjections stimulate and sustain raised serum GH concentrations for at least 5 days in steers. The GH secretory pattern remained episodic and was characterized by a significant increase in the amplitude of the GH pulses without a change in the number of GH pulses per day.
In the first of two experiments, young Holstein steers received 0, 0·05, 0·5 or 5·0 mg GRF during a 24-h period as microinjections every 3·75 min. The 5·0 mg GRF/24 h dose significantly increased baseline GH, amplitude of GH pulses and area under the GH curve compared with the other treatments. The number of GH pulses/24 h was similar for all doses of GRF. In a second experiment with Holstein steers, administration of 3·6 mg GRF/day for 5 days increased serum GH concentrations throughout the duration of the treatment without altering the temporal GH secretory pattern. The GH response to GRF did not diminish from days 1 to 5 of treatment suggesting that there was no pituitary desensitization.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 433–439
Characterization of profiles of salivary progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase of fertile and subfertile women
Authors: Walker R. F. , Wilson D. W. , Truran P. L. , Read G. F. , Richards G. , Walker S. M. , Riad-Fahmy D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Salivary progesterone concentrations were measured in daily samples collected between 08.00 and 09.00 h throughout the menstrual cycle of women with a history of fertility. The luteal-phase salivary progesterone profiles in these normally menstruating, healthy women were characterized using a computer program based on a cumulative sum procedure. This method of statistical analysis led to the development of a 'progesterone boundary diagram', the inner and outer domains of which distinguished between the profiles of salivary progesterone considered compatible with fertility, and those observed in subfertile women attending an infertility clinic.
J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 441–446
Characterization of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat thyroid cell strain FRTL-5: potentiation by forskolin and calibration against reference preparations of thyrotrophin
Authors: Bidey S. P. , Emmerson J. M. , Marshall N. J. , Ekins R. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A clonal strain of rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5) has been used to investigate the biological activity of a Research Standard preparation of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS-B). Using the accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP as a response parameter, significant stimulation was attained at a LATS-B dose of 0·75 mu./ml. The inter-bioassay coefficient of variation in response to a fixed dose of LATS-B (1·25 mu./ml) was 20·5%, as determined using eight sequential subcultures. Cells cultured directly from frozen stocks responded to both bovine TSH and LATS-B in a manner indistinguishable from cells subjected to regular subculturing. Cyclic AMP responses to incremental doses of LATS-B were potentiated after the inclusion of a low dose of forskolin (0·1 μmol/l). However, forskolin addition had no effect on the time-course of LATS-B-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation, half-maximal responses being attained after 60 min in either the presence or absence of the diterpene. In the presence of 0·1 μmol forskolin/l, intracellular cyclic AMP responses to LATS-B were demonstrably parallel with those to human TSH (Second International Reference Preparation, 80/558), whilst parallel incremental cyclic AMP responses were also observed in respect of TSH and serial dilutions of a potent thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSIg) preparation, indicating that for this particular Graves' disease patient, TSIg bioactivity may be expressed in terms of a convenient and reproducible standard, as TSH microunit equivalents.
J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 7–15
The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyroid microsome
Authors: Weetman A. P. , Gunn C. A. , Rennie D. P. , Hall R. , McGregor A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By suitable immunization of mice and fusion of their spleen cells with a non-secretor mouse myeloma line, monoclonal antibodies have been produced which react with the human thyroid microsomal (M) antigen. These monoclonal antibodies showed no reactivity by enzyme-linked immunoassay with liver microsomes or thyroglobulin and their specificity was confirmed by immunolocalization studies, in which they showed the staining characteristics of human M antibodies. All four monoclonal antibodies tested were immunoglobulin M; three were cytotoxic to thyroid cell monolayers. The lack of cytotoxicity with the fourth monoclonal supports the concept that certain epitopes of the M antigen may be partially or completely absent at the thyroid cell surface. These monoclonal antibodies should permit further characterization of the thyroid M antigen in view of their absence of cross-reactivity with thyroglobulin.
J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 47–52