bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis‐Associated Antigen and Antibody in Swedish Blood Donors: Relation to Liver Disease1
Authors: Iwarson S. , Lindholm Annika , Lundin P. , Hermodsson S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Screening of sera from 11,100 blood donors with an immunodiffusion method showed the presence of hepatitis‐associated antigen (HAA) in 0.18% of the donors, and anti‐HAA antibodies likewise in 0.18% of the donors. The antigen was found more often in men, while antibodies were demonstrated at a higher frequency in women. HAA was not found in any of the oldest donors (48–60 years), but anti‐HAA antibodies were demonstrated in 0.31% of the oldest donors. The noted differences, however, were not statistically significant.25 donors with HAA and 15 with antibodies were followed 4–12 months. Most of the HAA‐positive donors (92%) had demonstrable antigen during the entire follow‐up period, and some of these chronic antigen carriers (17%) had histopathological or biochemical signs of chronic liver disease. Presence of anti‐HAA antibodies in serum was not associated with biochemical or histopathological abnormalities.
Unexplained Appearance of Antibody in an Rhnull Donor
Authors: Nagel V. , Kneiphoff Hiltrut , Pekker St. , Hoppe H. H. , Sanger Ruth , Tippett Patricia 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A blood donor of the phenotype Rhnull was found at his 6th donation to have an antibody which had not been there before: he had never been transfused. The antibody reacts by the saline, albumin and enzyme methods but not by the antiglobulin (IgG). It reacted with all cells tested except the donor's own and those of two available Rhnull people and, surprisingly, those of three available ‐D‐/‐D‐ people: it is apparently directed at the CcEe part of the Rh antigen complex.Like other Rhnull propositi the donor has a compensated anaemia and his s and U antigens give some abnormal reactions. His parents are second cousins. Serological and pedigree evidence did not disclose his type of Rhnull, ‘regulator’ or amorph.
Leucocyte Concentrate from Acidified Plasma
Authors: Langfelder M. , Jakschitz M. , ÓNody C. , Zsdánszky L. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryAcidification of the plasma is shown to be just as favourable for the preparation of a nonaggregating concentrated leucocyte suspension as for the preparation of platelet concentrates, a procedure generally accepted.
Importance of IgG Subclasses of Anti‐Rh Antibodies for the Detection of Fc‐Receptor‐Bearing Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Zupańska Barbara , Maślanka Krystyna , van Loghem Erna 
Published: March 2009

Abstract13 anti‐Rh sera were compared for their usefulness in the detection of Fc‐receptor‐bearing lymphocytes (EAhum test). IgG subclasses of anti‐Rh antibodies were determined by the antiglobulin test with monospecific sera and by the detection of Gm allotypic markers in the haemagglutination inhibition test. Six sera with IgG1 + IgG3 or IgG1 + IgG2 + IgG3 antibodies and one with pure IgG3 antibodies were found to be useful, whereas six other sera with only IgG1 were unsuitable for the EAhum test. G3m markers were detected only on the anti‐Rh antibodies which were capable of forming rosettes with lymphocytes. The data show that human peripheral lymphocytes possess Fc receptors for IgG3 immunoglobulins.
A Simple Method for the Rapid and Selective Absorption of Warm‐Reactive Erythrocyte Autoantibodies from Serum
Authors: Hanfland Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new technique has been developed to absorb selectively autoantibodies from sera. Red cells maximally coated with IgG antibodies are subjected to discontinuous, combined density and pH gradient centrifugation. The method yields a large quantity of antibody‐poor, intact red cells that retain antigenicity. Red cells prepared in this manner absorb antibody as efficiently as do uncoated red cells and nonspecific absorption does not occur. Preliminary studies show that the method can be used to identify alloantibodies present in the sera of patients with ‘warm’ antibody‐induced hemolytic anemia because the sera can be absorbed free of autoantibodies.
Occurrence and Characterization of Lympho‐Agglutinins in Indian Plants
Authors: Sandhu R.S. , Kamboj S.S. , Reen R.S. , Arora J.S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA survey of the occurrence of lympho‐agglutinins was carried out on seeds of 150 species of wild and cultivated plants. Potent agglutinins were detected in 17 extracts by employing lymphocytes of man, guinea pig, goat and sheep in the bioassay. Except for one species each of Mimosoideae, Euphorbiaceae and Clusiaceae, all the agglutinins were found in fabaceous seeds. Two of the agglutinins, namely, Parkia biglandulosa and Erythrina arborescens, were found to be monospecific for guinea pig and human lymphocytes, respectively, while the others agglutinated lymphocytes of 2–4 different species. The agglutination inhibition tests revealed the predominance of galactose (or its derivatives) binding lectins over those specific for glucose‐mannose series.
Inactivation of Non‐A, Non‐B Virus Infectivity by a Beta Propiolactone/Ultraviolet Irradiation Treatment and Aerosil Adsorption Procedure Used for Preparation of a Stabilized Human Serum
Authors: Prince A.M. , Stephan W. , Brotman B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInoculation of chimpanzees revealed that starting material for the preparation of a pooled stabilized human serum preparation was contaminated with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virus(es). This material was subjected to β‐propiolactone/ultraviolet irradiation treatment and adsorption with an insolubilized silicic acid under conditions employed for sterilization of the final product (Biseko®, Biotest). The treated material did not transmit hepatitis to 2 inoculated chimpanzees. These animals were subsequently found to be susceptible to non‐A, non‐B infection by challenge with the untreated material. These findings demonstrate a non‐A, non‐B type hepatitis virus to be susceptible to inactivation by the methods employed for sterilization of this stabilized human serum preparation.
Stabilization of Alpha‐1‐Proteinase Inhibitor by Citrate
Authors: Coan Michael H. , Mitra Gautam 
Published: March 2009

Abstractα1‐Proteinase inhibitor has potential therapeutic value in patients with chronic deficiency (which can lead to emphysema) and in acute adult respiratory distress syndrome. Pasteurization (10 h, 60°C) can reduce the risk of hepatitis B; and addition of stabilizers to the inhibitor helps prevent the loss of biological activity which occurs during pasteurization. Denaturation during heating at several temperatures was studied, using high pressure liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and elastase inhibitory capacity to measure the extent of denaturation. The presence of 0.5 M citrate increases the Arrhenius‐type activation energy 3‐fold, and the enthalpy of denaturation is increased by 3.5 kJ/mol (15 kcal/mol). The onset temperature of the endotherm is increased by more than 10°C. The inhibitor is further stabilized by sucrose (0.5 g/ml). In the presence of both citrate and sucrose, samples of α1‐proteinase inhibitor retained almost full biological activity following pasteurization for 10 h at 60°C; the heating conditions used to destroy hepatitis B infectivity of other plasma derivatives.
Further Examples of Human Anti‐Me Found in Sera of Israeli Donors
Authors: Levene C. , Sela R. , Lacser M. , BarShany S. , Giles C.M. , Poole J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA number of Israeli donors had anti‐M in their sera, a proportion of which cross‐reacted with N He(+) red cells. Anti‐Me was detected and while the reactivity with M and He determinants could be separated by using trypsin‐treated red cells, the cross‐reactivity for M and He determinants was complete in absorption experiments. One serum had anti‐M separable from anti‐Me and another apparent anti‐M was absorbed by trypsin‐treated N He(+) red cells.
The Complications of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Authors: Ziselman Ethel M. , Bongiovanni Michael B. , Wurzel Harold A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe reviewed a series of 181 patients who were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) a total of 1,389 times. Complications were associated with 22 (1.6%) of the procedures and involved 20 (11%) of the patients. Six of the complications were of a technical nature and did not affect the medical conditions of the patients. 8 patients developed the following serious medical problems: unexplained death during the post‐TPE period, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, loss of consciousness, myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia and chest pain. Although these problems were temporally associated with TPE, none of them could be attributed to the TPE with certainty. The remaining eight medical complications were of a less serious nature.
An Investigation of Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions
Authors:   The Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Study Group, Decary F. , Ferner P. , Giavedoni L. , Hartman A. , Howie R. , Kalovsky E. , Laschinger C. , Malette M. , Martyres A. , Mervart H. , Naylor D.H. , Rose J.E.M. St. , Shepherd F.A. , Tibensky D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was undertaken to document the incidence of immediate, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and to identify a technique or set of techniques that would best identify the different causes of these reactions. A variety of tests were employed to detect lymphocyte, granulocyte, platelet and anti‐IgA antibodies. During this study 26,318 units of blood components were transfused on 5,030 occasions. 191 immediate, nonhemolytic reactions were experienced giving an incidence per unit of 0.73%. Blood specimens from 101 of these patients were investigated along with serum from 57 patients who showed no reaction to transfusion as controls. We show that standard B cell lymphocytotoxicity testing is the technique with which most antibodies can be detected (64% of reactors positive vs. 30% of controls, p<0.001). Additional tests did not significantly increase the level of antibody detection.
Normal Survival of Rh0 (D) Negative, LW (a+) Red Cells in a Patient with Allo‐Anti LWa
Authors: Cummings Elizabeth , Pisciotto Patricia , Roth Gerald 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe serum of an Rh0 (D)+ Caucasian female with a prior history of transfusions contained anti‐LWa, reacting moderately with Rh0 (D)+ and weakly with Rh0 (D)‐ red cells at the antiglobulin phase. Since transfusions were required, Chromium (51Cr) survival studies and mononuclear phagocyte assays (MPA) were used to predict in vivo survival. The MPA value of 6% of the positive control predicted a low likelihood of clinically significant extravascular destruction and 51Cr survival studies indicated greater than 95% survival at 1 h and 78% survival at 20 h for rr erythrocytes. Transfusion of 4 units of Rh0 (D)‐, serologically incompatible red cells increased the hemoglobin from 5.2 to 11.4 g/dl and the titer of anti‐LWa against rr red cells from 4 to 1,024 7 days after the transfusion. A second 51Cr survival also indicated normal survival of rr erythrocytes. 3 additional Rh0 (D)‐ units were successfully transfused.
Macroaggregate Formation in Optimal Additive Red Cells
Authors: Robertson M. , Boulton F. E. , Doughty R. , MacLennan J. R. , Collins A. , McClelland D. B. L. , Prowse C. V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe formation of macroaggregates weighing up to 9 g was observed in optimal additive red cells. Such aggregates, with a mean wet weight of 3 g, formed progressively during storage and were present in up to 85% of units. They were composed of leucocyte and platelet debris, together with some fibrin. Macroaggregate formation was halved by less stringent centrifugation during preparation and was reduced by use of an optimal additive system in which the additive solution contained citrate. Extra mixing during transfer of the additive solution only delayed aggregate formation. Partial leucocyte depletion or addition of 200,000 KIU of the enzyme inhibitor aprotinin did not prevent macroaggregate formation.
A New Red Blood Cell Cold Autoantibody (Anti‐Me)
Authors: Salama A. , Pralle H. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new red blood cell (RBC) cold autoantibody (anti‐Me) is presented which was detected in a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia of ‘cold type’ associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The autoantibody was of the IgM (Kappa) class, had a moderate titer, and reacted with cord as well as with adult RBC. Its hemagglutinating activity against RBC was markedly increased in the presence of preheated human milk, but not in the presence of simple sugars or preheated casein. The data suggest that the antibody is directed against a new (glycolipid) antigen common to human RBC termed Me antigen (‘milk enhanced’).
Escape of Phagocytosis—Activating Function from Platelets into Plasma during Storage
Authors: Yokoya Yukihiro , Sakamoto Haruhiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStimulation of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes by two glycoproteins, the macromolecular activators of phagocytosis 1‐MAPP and s‐MAPP, involved in platelet release products (PRPr), was not observed when platelet concentrate (PC), stored longer than 48 h, was used as a platelet source. The supernatant of the PC (Sup) acquired this activity during storage. Salting out with ammonium sulfate (AS) revealed that the phagocytosis‐enhancing activity was recovered in the supernatant of Sup from PC with 60% saturated AS, and the reverse activity, phagocytosis suppression, was observed in the precipitate with 30% AS. Suppressing activity was observed in PRPr prepared from both fresh and 48‐h‐old PC. The phagocytosis‐enhancing activity observed in the Sup from the 48‐hour PC was characterized by Sephadex G200 gel filtration and consisted of two peaks (300 and 150 kD), matching these of 1‐MAPP and s‐MAPP in the PRPr prepared from fresh platelets. These results indicate that 1‐MAPP and s‐MAPP escape from platelets into the plasma during storage, whereas the suppressing activity is retained in platelets for at least 48 h.
Autoantibodies in HIV‐infected Hemophilia Patients against Different Epitopes on CD4+Lymphocytes and Recombinant CD4
Authors: Daniel V. , Weimer R. , Zettlmeissl G. , Langner K. , Zimmermann R. , Opelz G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe studied 684 sera obtained from 20 hemophilia patients with AIDS/AIDS‐related complex (ARC), 89 asymptomatic HIV+, 76 HIV‐ hemophilia patients and 151 healthy controls for antibodies against recombinant CD4 (rCD4). Twenty‐two percent of AIDS/ARC patients, 10% of asymptomatic HIV+ patients, 17% of HIV‐ patients, and 1% of healthy controls had anti‐rCD4 antibodies. Purified anti‐rCD4 antibodies did not react with human CD4+lymphocytes. This may explain why formation of anti‐rCD4 antibodies correlated neither with the occurrence of autoantibodies against CD4+lymphocytes nor with a decrease in CD4+cell counts. Antibodies that were eluted from CD4+lymphocytes after sequential adsorption and elution with separated CD8+and CD4+cells reacted with CD4+lymphocytes of only some healthy individuals, suggesting diversity of CD4 expression.
Seropositivity to Hepatitis C Virus in Saudi Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Nasser M.N. Al , Mugeiren M.A. Al , Assuhaimi S.A. , Obineche E. , Onwabalili J. , Ramia S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeropositivity to hepatitis B, C and D viruses was studied in 66 Saudi haemodialysis patients from Al Baha region, south of Saudi Arabia, and was compared to that in 380 healthy Saudis from the same region. The results showed that HCV is endemic in this region (3.6%) and the prevalence of anti‐HCV in the haemodialysis patients was 45.5%, which is the highest reported so far in this group of patients. Anti‐HCV was related to the amount of blood transfused (> 5 units) and the duration of dialysis (> 3 years). The region is also hyperendemic for hepatitis B virus (67.4% overall exposure rate in controls compared to 75.7% in haemodialysis patients) and hepatitis D virus (HDV; 11.4% in controls compared to 12.5% in haemodialysis patients). The similarity in profile of HBV markers and HDV between haemodialysis patients and controls indicates that the current strategy regarding HBV is quite effective, in preventing the transmission of HBV and hence HDV but not HCV in haemodialysis patients. A strategy for preventing HCV is recommended.
A Hemolytic Reaction Implicating Sda Antibody Missed by Immediate Spin Crossmatch
Authors: Reznicek Mary J. , Cordle Delores G. , Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnti‐Sda, an antibody not usually considered to cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions, possibly was related to hemolysis following transfusion of red blood cells expressing strong Sda antigen. Prior to transfusion, the antiglobulin antibody screen performed in LISS and an immediate spin crossmatch were negative. Retrospectively, after hemolysis was detected, an antiglobulin crossmatch with red cells from the transfused unit revealed microscopic incompatibility. The transfused unit proved to have strong expression of Sda antigen —facilitating identification of a weak Sda antibody in our patient. In addition, this case represents an unusual instance in which an antibody screen plus an immediate spin crossmatch failed to detect an incompatibility that would have been apparent had an antiglobulin crossmatch been performed.
The Incidence and Consequences of Cytomegalovirus Transmission via Blood Transfusion to Low Birth Weight, Premature Infants in North East Scotland
Authors: Galea G. , Urbaniak S. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a 2‐year study involving 133 premature low birth weight (< 1,500 g) infants, the impact of CMV infection via blood transfusion was assessed. 8.4% (7 out of 83) of transfused infants and 10% (7 out of 70) of those exposed to seropositive blood acquired CMV. In those less than 1,250 g the infection rate rose to 13.2% (7 out of 46). Seropositive infants were at a higher risk of acquiring CMV infection than seronegative ones. CMV infection did not give rise to specific immediate morbidity, and no deaths were attributed to CMV The only source of nosocomial CMV infection was the transfused seropositive blood. Based on these findings, it was possible to formulate a CMV transfusion policy to premature infants in our region.
Gift or Good?: A Contemporary Examination of the Voluntary and Commercial Aspects of Blood Donation
Authors: Beal R.W. , van Aken W.G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe safety and ethical aspects of blood donation are examined in the light of current legislation and practice. The advantages and disadvantages of voluntary and paid donation are looked at in view of recent data concerning risk factors in various potential donor groups. It is concluded that voluntary, non‐remunerated blood donation remains the safest and most ethical means of securing the blood supply.
Autologous Blood Donation in Nonorthopaedic Surgical Procedures as a Blood Conservation Strategy
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence T. , Saha Prantik , Hirschler Nora V. , Yomtovian Roslyn 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAutologous blood donation in many nonorthopaedic procedures is controversial. Our study of 408 consecutive such procedures could be divided into two groups. In group I, the anticipated probability for homologous blood transfusion was very low (<5%): vaginal hysterectomy and miscellaneous gynecologic procedures, obstetrical delivery, mammoplasty and cholecystectomy. In group II, the anticipated probability for homologous blood transfusion was high (>5%): open heart and vascular surgery, neurosurgery, mastectomy, abdominal and radical hysterectomy, and extensive urologic procedures. We conclude that for procedures in which the blood transfusion probability is very low, autologous blood donation should not be encouraged; this practice should be promoted in procedures in which the blood transfusion probability is ‘high’ (i.e. greater than 5%), with emphasis on maximizing autologous blood collection in order to minimize homologous blood transfusion.
TSEN: A Novel MNS‐Related Blood Group Antigen
Authors: Reid M. E. , Moore B. P. L. , Poole J. , Parker N. J. , Asenbryl E. , Vengelen‐Tyler V. , Lubenko A. , Galligan B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report an antibody (anti‐TSEN) that recognizes an antigen (TSEN) at the unique amino acid sequence that results from the junction of GPA58 to GPB27 if the GPB carries the S antigen. Red cells from several unrelated donors that possess this specific GP(A‐B) hybrid molecule were agglutinated by anti‐TSEN. Since a synthetic peptide with the amino acid sequence at this junction (Pro‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Thr‐Gly‐Glu‐Met‐Gly‐Gln‐Leu‐Val‐His‐Arg) specifically inhibited anti‐TSEN, it must detect an antigen within this novel amino acid sequence. The TSEN antigen has been provisionally assigned the MNS blood group system number 002.033 on behalf of the ISBT Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens.
Confirmation of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Blood Donors by Immunoblotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: De Beenhouwer H. , Verhaert H. , Claeys H. , Vermylen C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a series of 385 sera obtained from volunteer blood donors positive for the first‐generation hepatitis C virus assay (Ortho), the viral genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 89 sera (23%). Most PCR‐positive sera were found positive with the c100‐3 neutralisation assay (Abbott) and by two second‐generation enzyme immunoassays (Abbott, Ortho). However overall specificity of these assays was rather low. By immunoblotting (Innogenetics and Chiron/Ortho) the specificity could be considerably improved and the best correlation with carrier state was obtained when analysing the results for lane‐specific reaction: all 89 viral carriers and only 9 other donors had antibodies against structural ‘core’ epitopes. From the present data we can conclude that in screening a volunteer blood donor population the confirmation of antibodies against ‘core’ epitopes by immunoblotting is strongly associated with viral carriage.
Complement Activation by Cold Agglutinins
Authors: Kirschfink M. , Fritze H. , Roelcke D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurified monoclonal human IgM cold agglutinins (CA) of different specificities (anti‐I, anti‐i, anti‐Pr) were investigated for their complement‐activating capacity in a homologous system. Incubation of human RBC with excess of IgM CA in the cold, and subsequently with human serum at 37°C, resulted in striking differences in hemolysis. Hemolysis did not correlate to the amount of antibodies bound to RBC at 4 or 20°C. Despite the hemolytic inefficiency of anti‐i and anti‐Pr CA tested, C1 fixation and subsequent activation of the classical pathway of complement could be assessed in all cases. Absolute numbers of C3 molecules bound to RBC, exceeding the critical level to initiate the terminal sequence of the complement cascade, could not fully explain the differences in the hemolytic activity of the CA. Since C8 binding protein (C8bp) carries I determinants it is hypothesized that anti‐I‐induced complement‐mediated hemolysis might also be favored by the binding of the autoantibody to and probably steric hinderance of this major regulatory protein of the terminal complement sequence. The prominent role of homologous restriction of complement‐mediated lysis as a protective mechanism can also be deduced from the fact that rabbit as well as rat serum as a source of heterologous complement lysed cold agglutinin‐sensitized red blood cells more efficiently than human serum.