bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Batch Drilling and Positioning of Subsea Wells in the South China Sea
Authors: Hughes John D. , Coleman Rod A. , Herrmann Robert P. , Macfarlane Andrew M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the initial phase of a multi-well subsea development using a building block technique. This phase included the setting of the conductors for all 20 wells, manifold piles and pipeline bases and the drilling of 15 wells to various stages of completion. Offshore operations were conducted in batches to maximize efficiencies and economies of scale. The emphasis of this paper is on the jetting operation of the conductors and the positioning techniques used to meet the requirements of the later phases of the building block process.
Development of Ultra-low Permeable Reservoir in Ansai Oil Field
Authors: Mingzhi Tao , Zhengyun Song , Zhiyu Wu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Generally, the reservoirs with permeability lower than 50× 10-3µm2 is called low permeable oil field. Ansai oil field in which the average permeabihty is about 1.29× 10-3µm2 is classified as ultra-low permeable oil field. Despite many low permeable reservoirs were discovered in early days, they haven’t been effectively produced due to the complicated production technology and low profit. However, with the development of petroleum industry, the technologies of developing low permeable reservoirs have been improved, particularly, the progress of fracturing and water injection, the production of low permeable reservoirs has been rapidly developed. This paper aims to overview the reservoir, fracturing and water injection, describe the key methods used in production of Ansai ultra-low permeable reservoirs, including the results of water injection.
Development of Jidong Oilfields with Complicated Fault-blocks
Authors: Shoude Yu , Bin Li , Qilong Zhang , Ruoxia Wu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Jidong is a rather complicated fault-block oil producing area which is characterized by broken structures, multiple reservoir types, complicated oil-water systems, big lateral changes, deeply buried major oil layers, severe heterogeneity and varied fluid properties. In addition, more than 80% of the wells are directional due to the limit of surface conditions, which gives more difficulties to the development of Jidong area.
Therefore Comprehensive study of multi-disciplines has been used in Jidong to improve early reservoir evaluation and development. Application of advanced technologies and theories such as production seismic, loggings, production tests, limit test, structural sedimentology, fine reservoir description, numerical simulation and contagious wells distribution has enhanced study of enrichment pattern of oil and gas. The strategy of progressive exploration and development has been adopted through "Integral planning, partial implementing, well-aimed studying, timely adjusting and gradual improving". Since 1989, the success rates of development wells has been over 95%.
A Production Allocation Method for Commingled Gas Completions
Authors: Prabowo H. S. , Rinadi M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a method to approximate the ratio of flow rate and cumulative production for each reservoir in a commingled gas completion. Numerical reservoir simulation was used to describe flow rate and pressure response of wells completed in multiple producing reservoirs without inter-layer crossflow. The use of the method is illustrated to compare the results of simulated and field data.
Yacheng 13-1 Gas Project
Authors: Bass J. W. , Peisheng Zhang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In 1982 the Peoples' Republic of China awarded ARCO China Inc. the first-ever concession for offshore oil exploration by a foreign company. This historic event led to discovery of the 3 TCF Yacheng 13-1 gas field by ARCO China Inc. in 1983. This paper describes the US$1,125 billion Yacheng 13-1 Gas Project that will start-up in late 1995, some 1214 years after field discovery.
Modifying Set Cement Performance for Improving Cementing Job Quality
Authors: Shi Guodong , Liu Wenjun , Gao Yonghui 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Hydration process of cement takes place once it is mixed with water, forming set cement gradually. The hydration process will last for quite a long time after setting. During the hydration process, cement hydrate, internal pore structure, apparent volume, and its mechanical performance still keep changing. The performance of set cement is also affected by the changing conditions caused by the subsequent projects or development operations, so it is important to research into the long-term performance of set cement and take some measures to improve cementing job quality.
Integrating Geoscience and Engineering for Improved Field Management and Appraisal
Authors: Gawith D. E. , Gutteridge P. A. , Tang Z. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Efficient field management and appraisal rely on a good understanding of reservoir geology and recovery efficiency. This requires co-operation and good communication between different disciplines. This paper presents and demonstrates the shared earth model approach, to encourage integration and co-operation between disciplines producing more reliable reservoir characterisation and performance prediction. A North Sea field is used as an example to illustrate the development and use of the shared earth model. The way in which it brings together the subsurface disciplines is shown by dynamic data feedback and seismic validation of simulator predictions.
Analytical and Numerical Solutions for Estimating the Gas In-Place for Abnormal Pressure Reservoirs
Authors: Elsharkawy Adel M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Gas reservoirs with abnormally high-pressure have been encountered all over the world. For these reservoirs, a straight line plot of P/Z Vs. Gp for the early production data and extrapolation to zero reservoir pressure project incorrect, IGIP, initial gas in place. The P/Z plot is based on the assumption that gas compressibility is the "Sole" reservoir drive mechanism. In abnormal pressure gas reservoirs, however, grain expansion, formation water expansion, and water influx from shale or small associated aquifer, in addition to gas expansion contribute significantly to the gas production. Several material balance models have been proposed to calculate the initial gas in place for abnormally high-pressure gas reservoir. The present study is concerned with analyzing the different material balance models used to estimate the IGIP for these kind of reservoirs. Therefore, it reviews the bases and assumptions on which these models have been developed, as well as discusses the strength and weakness of every model. In addition, the present study comprises calculations of the IGIP by analytical and numerical models of the material balance equations for eight case histories. The study shows that solution plot of Havlena and Odeh can be used to estimate the IGIP for abnormal pressure gas reservoirs without prior knowledge of the aquifer size or the formation compressibility. Moreover, the present investigation reveals that most of the material balance models analyzed in this study are sensitive to the value of the initial reservoir pressure and the early data. Unfortunately, this is the time when reliable estimate for the IGIP is vital for economic decision regarding the development of such gas reservoirs.
Technical and Economic Aspects of the Flexible Export Pipeline System for Amoco's Liuhua 11-1 Development Offshore China
Authors: Bludworth Charles , Lecomte Hubert , Kolanski Henry 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The flexible pipe approach can provide many technical advantages and cost savings over a rigid pipe approach when considered early for a project.
One such project is the Liuhua 11-1 Oil Field, located offshore China in 1000-foot water depth, which is being developed jointly by Amoco Orient Petroleum Company (AOPC), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), and Kerr McGee.
This paper presents a comparison of technical and cost issues examined by the project team during the bid stage of the project.
In addition, this paper details the technical challenges, and their solutions for the engineering, manufacturing and installation of Coflexip's flexible export pipe lines and flexible risers.
Exploration of A Seaice Hazard Warning Program For Winter Production in The Bohai Oil Fields
Authors: Tongkui Li 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The existing offshore oil/gas fields in production in the Bohai Sea are all confronted with sea ice problems in the cold years. The development of a sea ice state warning system for the winter oil production in these fields is discussed in the paper on the subsidiary topics as: the skeleton of the system, monitoring and forecasting of the sea ice condition and the offshore structural behaviours, the criteria of warnings, and the database and software networks. The system is developed for various types of offshore structures and different oceano—geographical regions in the Bohai Sea.
Well Performance Analysis and Deliverability Monitoring for Layered Reservoirs Without Crossflow
Authors: Thrasher T. S. , Tompkins M. W. , Wang G. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a case history study that demonstrates monitoring bottom-hole well deliverability performance for flowing oil-wells completed in layered reservoirs. The field of study is the recently developed Xijiang 24-3 Field, offshore China in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Development of the bottom-hole backpressure curve for individual layer packages and total well are presented as a reservoir management tool. A combination of individual layer production well tests, production logging tool (PLT) measurements and permanent downhole bottom-hole pressure readings are utilized to develop the total well bottom-hole backpressure curve. Pre-gravel pack and post-gravel pack results are discussed and compared to daily production measurements. The bottom-hole backpressure curve is shown to be an effective reservoir management tool to monitor well and reservoir performance.
Technologies Used in the Production of High Pour Point Crude Oil in Shenyang Oilfield
Authors: Hongen Dou 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Shenyang oilfield characterigzeed by the high pour point up to 67 °C as one of the oilfields seldom seen in the world, it was developed in the end of 1980s’. The paper reviews the production technologies developed and applied successfully in Shenyang oilfield during its ten-year production hostory, including artificial lift, Stimulation production, well testing and systematic adjustment. A prospect of this oilfield's future production is also presented in this paper.
Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Horizontal Wells – Application to Oil Reservoirs with Gas or Water Coning Problems
Authors: Peng C. P. , Yeh N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Horizontal drilling had a high profile from the late 1980s onwards in the tight, fractured reservoirs of the Austin Chalk and the Bakken Shale. Today this technology is being increasingly applied in thin or highly permeable oil reservoirs where there is a need to minimize drawdown to prevent water and gas coning, while at the same time maximizing well productivity.
Horizontal wells have been drilled in relatively thin, high permeability reservoirs such as Helder and Troll in the Dutch and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea respectively. They have been used to improve oil productivity and drainage from the low permeability conglomerates in the North Brae field in the U.K. sector of the North Sea. In Canada, they are being used in the recovery of both light and heavy oil reservoirs, while in Alaska they are being used at Prudhoe Bay to reduce gas coning while maximizing production rates. The world over, from Europe to Argentina to China to Australia, new applications have been found for this production technology barely out of its infancy.
This paper reviews both the theoretical and practical planning considerations necessary for a successful application of horizontal wells. The use of horizontal wells in reservoirs with gas or water coning problems is emphasized.
Using Close Spacing Well Logging Curves To Finely Develop Fluvial Fades Reservoir Sedimentation Models
Authors: Hanqing Zhao , Zhiguo Fu , Guangyun Wang 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A great majority of the productive reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield are composed of various kinds of fluvial channel sandstones. Under the condition of no outcrop, lack of analogous modern deposits available for detailed investigation, basing on the rich experiences of our research on reservoir sedimentary facies, as well modern fluvial sedimentological knowledge, a new research method is developed, that is, taking advantages of logging curves of close well pattern on a large area, and to gradually analyze sandbody geometries and their internal architectures, and to finely construct sedimentation models of fluvial facies reservoirs, and to describe reservoir heterogeneity finally. By applying this to subsurface reservoirs in large scale, four types of sedimentation models of fluvial channel sandbodies in PI1–3 zones are systemically constructed. Infill drilling and production test data have proved the credible accuracy and wide adaptability of the models.
Data processing, Diagnosis and Optimum Design of Rod String for Numerically Controlled Pumping Wells
Authors: Yugeng Li , Xiaoqing Yu , Wanggeng Wan , Yuangang Xu , Guoan Yu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The structure, characteristic and primary parameters' determination are briefly introduced for Numerically Controlled Pumping Unit is this paper. After data processing of diagnostic results for Numerically Controlled Pumping Unit, a diagnosis software and a software for designing the tapered rod string are developed. It is proved that these two softwares are reliable and have enough precision.
ESP Run Life Maximisation for the Xijiang Field Development
Authors: Heuman W. R. , Moore E. R. B. , Yue Y. , Hirshblond S. P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Traditionally the operator and the supplier of ESP systems have not necessarily had the same goals and objectives with respect to maximising ESP run life. A longer run life means reduced costs and downtime for the operator while a shorter run life provides the ESP supplier with the opportunity for equipment sales.
This paper will describe the Quality Assurance Programme which has been implemented in the Xijiang Project to ensure ESP run life maximisation. The Performance Based Contract that is being utilised between the operator and the ESP supplier will be addressed, as it is a key factor in providing the economic incentive necessary for the ESP supplier to strive to maximise ESP run life. Other key factors responsible for reducing the learning curve associated with ESP operations will be discussed. A summary of the results achieved and the conclusions reached from the implementation of the ESP Quality Assurance Programme will also be covered.
The Progress And Prospect Of Equipment Manufacturing In China For Oil And Gas Exploration And Production
Authors: Zhiqian Huang 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Petroleum equipment plays a critical role in the oil and gas exploration and production activities. Through more than 40 years' efforts, a manufacturing system including more than 50 manufacturing plants have been established by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), producing around 70% different equipment and instrumentation required for oil and gas exploration and development in China. In this paper, the progress of developing and manufacturing those equipment has been reported, including the developing strategy, the present status of exploration, drilling, production and oilfield surface engineering equipment manufacturing. The prospect in this area has been reported as well.
Low Invasion, Synthetic Oil-Base Mud Coring in the Yacheng 13-1 Gas Reservoir for Gas-in-Place Calculation
Authors: Rathmell J. J. , Bloys J. B. , Bulling T. P. , Parr J. J. , Pasternack E. S. , Jerauld G. R. , Sakurai S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The low invasion coring method was used to provide highly reliable connate water saturation in the Oligocene age, Lingshui III sandstone, Yacheng 13-1 reservoir, development Wells A1 and A2. Development well coring was implemented to resolve an uncertainty in the total gas-in-place.
A synthetic oilbase mud was designed to simultaneously operate at the 350°F wellbore temperature, provide reliable core connate water saturation, insure high quality well logs and minimize formation damage. The polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic base oil is biodegradable and is less damaging to the environment than diesel or mineral oil.
Procedures for obtaining a low invasion core in a remote location are described. Careful planning and execution are necessary for successfully obtaining low invasion core.
This is the first use of low invasion oilbase mud coring in China. Water saturations from cores are essential to accurately calculate the gas reserves. Possible gas-water contact variations cause uncertainty in connate water saturation from capillary pressure. Salinity variations in the reservoir complicate the calculation of connate water saturation from electrical logs. Accurate water saturation and salinity data from cores are needed to develop log models that can be applied in non-cored wells.
Analysed and Fractal Singlle Point Method for Solving Hydraulic Problems in Ocean Engineering
Authors: Yuhua Fu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents two kinds of Single Point Method (SPM), i. e. analysed SPM and fractal SPM, and decides the analysed solution and fractal distribution on any solitary point for problems in ocean engineering. The analysed SPM is according to the optimization method of weighted residuals for solitary point, and gives the hydraulic equation's solution for any solitary point (point solution) which is suitable only for that solitary point. As the solution for solitary point is being development independently, it does not need to consider the compatibility with other points, but total boundary conditions and the supplementary derived residual equations and derived boundary equation which were got by running the derivative operations to the differential equation and boundary conditions should be taken into account. The fractal SPM is according to multifactor variable dimension fractals, and decides the fractal distribution of some physical quantities on any solitary point for hydraulic problem. It is differentiated from the existing fractal method (contains one factor and the fractal dimension is a constant) by that the different factors (characteristic scales) correspond with different fractal distribution and for different fractal distributions the fractal dimension Di are the function of characteristic scale Ri.
Enhanced Hydraulic Fracture Technology for a Coal Seam Reservoir in Central China
Authors: Wright C. A. , Tanigawa J. J. , Shixin Mei , Zhigang Li 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Economic gas production from coal seams (in which cavitation is not applicable) requires hydraulic fracture stimulation due to the low reservoir permeability of most target coal seams. Effective hydraulic fracture stimulation of coal seams, however, presents a formidable challenge due to a number of factors including: the mechanical complexity of coal; prevalent natural fracturing; extreme sensitivity of coal seams to fracturing fluid damage; stress sensitive permeability of coal; and the (often) complex geometry of the induced hydraulic fractures.1
The authors began by performing an in-depth analysis of previous hydraulic fracturing treatments performed in coal seam reservoirs in China. The results of this post-treatment analysis, together with the collected reservoir data, led to the development of a modified stimulation strategy. As part of a pilot investigation by the North China Bureau of Petroleum Geology (NCBPG) of a (potentially) large coalbed methane field in China, eight hydraulic fracturing treatments were executed in the summer of 1994 using the modified stimulation strategy -- including on-site real-data three-dimensional hydraulic fracture modeling and treatment re-design.
This paper describes the analysis theory and methodology, the novel stimulation techniques employed, the on-site implementation (including difficulties), and the results of the fracturing treatments. While the paper is a case study of fracturing at a particular field, the paper will also contain a discussion of some of the complexities of coal seam fracturing. The issues to be discussed are: simultaneous propagation of multiple hydraulic fractures; (often) excessive near-wellbore fracture tortuosity; rapid downward proppant convection; and the high net fracturing pressures which may result in exceeding more than one of the reservoir's principle stresses.
Analysis of the collected data shows that 2-D models and "conventional" 3-D models of the hydraulic fracturing process apply very poorly to hydraulic fracturing in coal seams. Engineering decisions based on these more "conventional" fracture modeling techniques can lead to inappropriate fracture treatment design, as well as significant problems in predicting the post-frac production performance. The paper summarizes a few enhancements to coal seam fracturing technology, as well as the present limitations and the necessary advancements required for superior coal seam fracture performance in the future.
Plate Tectonics Affect on Drilling and Production Operations
Authors: Barnett Richard D. , Adil Imtiaz 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARY
From the time that Union Texas Pakistan Inc., began operations in Badin, UTP personnel have observed several anomalies which are inconsistent with experience gained from drilling and production operations in other areas, i. e. the experience gained while working in relaxed sedimentary basins.
There are several recognizable differences between Badin and relaxed sedimentary basins, and these vary from subtle to gross. These include: High fracture gradients.Bore hole breakout and its ability to often predict the location of porosity/permeability.Bore hole elongation.Shape of drill cuttings.
The apparent reason for these differences is the high horizontal stresses. These high horizontal stresses effect many drilling and production operations.
This paper will discuss the techniques used to identify these various stresses and some of the affects they may have on drilling and production operations.
High Energy Gas Fracturing(HEGF): Mechanism and Practice
Authors: Li Dang , Zhao Gang , Yang Weiyu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
HGEF, an oil/gas well stimulation technology by means of powder and/or propellant in well to create multiple radial fracture system in the vicinity of weelbore and hence to increase the well production, has been widely tested both home and abroad and shown a bright prospect in oil and gas industry. This paper deals with some foundamental aspects of HEGF, including technology base, key factor of HEGF, influence of HEGF on casing and cement, flow regime of the multiple radial fracture system and the relationship between charging and pressurization. Based on the results of our researches and field applications, we hope that more attention should be paid to this stimulation technology.