bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mentoring Nurses in Familial Cancer Risk Assessment and Counseling: Lessons Learned From a Formative Evaluation
Authors: Masny Agnes , Ropka Mary E. , Peterson Candace , Fetzer Dominique , Daly Mary B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground. As familial cancer genetic services moves into community practice increased numbers of trained health professionals are needed to counsel individuals seeking cancer risk information. Nurses have been targeted to provide cancer risk assessment and counseling. To help prepare nurses for this role, a 5‐day training in familial cancer risk assessment and counseling followed by a long‐distance mentorship to support continued skill development in the work environment was conducted by Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA. Methods. Four cohorts (N = 41) have completed the training and were randomized to either an immediate or delayed mentorship. A formative evaluation assessed the nurse's ability to consult with other genetic health professionals and build self‐efficacy in counseling skills via responses to questionnaire. A post‐mentorship interview evaluated the usefulness, timing and length of the mentorship. Results. For both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in self‐efficacy for all skills from baseline to 6 months and an increased number of nurses consulting with genetic health professionals. All the nurses reported the value of the mentorship and those with less cancer risk counseling experience prior to the training needed support and resources for further skill and program development. Lessons learned from this formative evaluation are provided.
Origins of arterial and femoral venous acid–base responses during moderate-intensity bicycling exercise after glycogen depletion in men
Authors: Lindinger Michael I , Heigenhauser George JF , Lands Larry C , McKelvie Robert S , Hultman Eric , Spriet Lawrence L , Putman Charles T , Jones Norman L 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe interactions between nutrition, energy status and acid–base balance during exercise are poorly understood. Exercise, under conditions of prior glycogen depletion (GD) and low-carbohydrate diet, results in a decreased rate of skeletal muscle glycogenolysis, greatly decreased muscle pyruvate and lactate contents with decreased plasma [lactate] (Putman et al., Am J Physiol, 265: E752, 1993). Therefore, it is hypothesized that exercise in GD, compared with normal (NG) or high-carbohydrate conditions, will result in a reduced magnitude of acidosis due to reduced production and accumulation of lactate. In two trials (GD, then NG) separated by 1–2 weeks, four men cycled at 75% of peak VO2 until the time of exhaustion in GD (57 ± 7 min). At 2 min of exercise, femoral vein (fv) plasma [H+] was increased by 21 ± 4 neq l− 1 (NG) and 14 ± 3 neq l− 1 (GD); increases in arterial [H+] were only c. 45% of those in fv plasma. The increase in fv PCO2 (NG, 25 ± 2 mm Hg and GD, 15 ± 2 mm Hg) was the primary variable responsible for the increased [H+]. During NG, the increase in fv [lactate− ] exceeded the decrease in strong ion difference [SID], with electrolyte charge balance mainly due to increased [Na+]. In the GD trial, arterial [SID] decreased and was the primary contributor to the increased [H+], as passage of blood through the lungs eliminated the CO2 contribution prevalent in fv plasma. Throughout GD, plasma [lactate− ] increased less than in NG and the decrease in [SID] in GD was also significantly less than in NG. In summary, in GD conditions, an attenuated production/release of lactate− and CO2 from muscle resulted in reduced magnitude and duration of acidosis compared with NG conditions. In fv plasma, increased PCO2 was the primary variable responsible for the rapid and sustained elevation in [H+], whereas in arterial plasma decreased [SID], due to increased [lactate− ], was primarily responsible for increased [H+].
Muscle energetics in exercising horses
Authors: Votion Dominique-Marie , Navet Rachel , Lacombe Véronique Anne , Sluse Francis , Essén-Gustavsson Birgitta , Hinchcliff Kenneth William , Rivero José-Luis L. , Serteyn Didier , Valberg Stephanie 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn optimally functional musculoskeletal system is crucial for athletic performance and even minor perturbations can limit athletic ability. The introduction of the muscle biopsy technique in the 1970s created a window of opportunity to examine the form and function of equine skeletal muscle. Muscle histochemical and biochemical analyses have allowed characterization of the properties of equine muscle fibres and their influence on, and adaptation to, physical exertion. Analyses of exercise responses during standardized treadmill exercise and field studies have illustrated the role of cellular energetics in determining athletic suitability for specific disciplines, mechanisms of fatigue, adaptations to training and the affect of diet on metabolic responses. This article provides a review of the tools available to study muscle energetics in the horse, discusses the muscular metabolic pathways and summarizes the energetics of exercise.
The effect of training on linear jumping parameters in young stallions
Authors: Lewczuk Dorota 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the effect of training stage, height of the obstacle and successive number of jump on young stallions' linear jumping parameters with and without rider. Investigations were based on filming of free jumping and jumping with rider during regular stallion work on the 11-month performance test. Horses jumped through the spread obstacle (doublebarre) with constant width of 90 cm and heights of 100, 110 and 120 cm. Taking-off distance, landing distance, heights of legs above obstacle and bascule of horse silhouette were measured using manual programme for video image analysis. Almost all parameters measured with and without rider were training dependent. The only parameters not affected by training were heights of hind limbs above obstacle, which were also not affected by height of obstacle in observations of more trained horses by free jumping and less trained horses with rider. Jumping parameters were not influenced by successive number of the jump by all parameters with rider and parameters of length of the jump in free jumping. On the basis of received results, it could be concluded that evaluation of jumping skills in free jumping and jumping with rider should be based on different criteria.
Electrolyte supplementation after prolonged moderate-intensity exercise results in decreased plasma [TCO2] in Standardbreds
Authors: Waller Amanda , Heigenhauser George J , Lindinger Michael I 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe present study used the physicochemical approach to characterize the changes in acid–base status that occur in Standardbreds after post-exercise electrolyte supplementation. Jugular venous blood was sampled from six conditioned Standardbreds on two separate occasions, at rest and for 24 h following a competitive exercise test (CET) designed to simulate the speed and endurance test of a 3-day event. After the CETs, horses were given waterad libitumand either a hypotonic commercial electrolyte solution, via nasogastric tube followed by a typical hay/grain meal, or a hay/grain meal alone. The electrolyte supplementation resulted inc.2 mmol l− 1decreased plasma [TCO2] during the recovery period as compared with control. The primary contributor to the decreased [TCO2] with electrolyte supplementation was a decreased strong ion difference ([SID]), as a result of the non-significant increase in plasma [Cl− ]. Additionally, electrolyte supplementation resulted in faster restoration of hydration status compared with control, as evidenced by faster recovery of plasma [protein] and total weak acid concentration ([Atot]). It is concluded that oral administration of a hypotonic electrolyte solution after prolonged moderate-intensity exercise diminishes the post-exercise alkalosis, and that recovery of hydration status is still incomplete 24 h after exercise when no electrolytes are given. Thus, supplementation with electrolytes according to estimated sweat losses may attenuate post-exercise increases in plasma [TCO2], which is of significant practical interest to the horse racing community, as a testing threshold of greater than 37 mmol l− 1is used by many racing jurisdictions to determine whether a horse has been administered an alkalinizing agent.
BLACK AMERICANS AND LATINO IMMIGRANTS IN A SOUTHERN CITY
Authors: McClain Paula D. , Lyle Monique L. , Carter Niambi M. , Soto Victoria M. DeFrancesco , Lackey Gerald F. , Cotton Kendra Davenport , Nunnally Shayla C. , Scotto Thomas J. , Grynaviski Jeffrey D. , Kendrick J. Alan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDramatic demographic changes are occurring in the United States, and some of the most dramatic changes are occurring in the South from Latino immigration. Latinos, by and large, are an entirely new population in the region. How are Black southerners reacting to this new population? Using survey data gathered from a southern location, this article explores several questions related to whether Blacks see these new residents as friendly neighbors or economic competitors. Results suggest that Blacks and non-Blacks perceive a potential economic threat from continued Latino immigration, but Blacks are more concerned about the effects of Latino immigration than are Whites.
Masers as probes of supersonic turbulence
Authors: Strelnitski Vladimir 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA possible intimate connection between astrophysical masers in regions of star formation and turbulence has been a subject of increasing interest during the last two decades. Evidence for the presence of a residual turbulent component in the observed expansion and rotation of clusters of water masers was shown by multi-epoch VLBI maps. The water maser hot spots demonstrate self-similar (fractal) spatial clustering and a power-law two-point velocity correlation function similar to that of incompressible turbulence – with the power index close to “Kolmogorov's” 1/3. The possibility of using maser sources for studying supersonic turbulence critically depends on whether the observed hot spots are an integral effect of radiative transfer over a large distance, comparable to the size of the whole maser source, or whether they are compact local physical objects, such as small random shocks, in which the mechanical energy of turbulence dissipates. If the latter hypothesis is correct, the compact and bright maser hot spots may be excellent local probes of the spatial and kinematic structure of supersonic turbulence. Observational and theoretical arguments for and against these hypotheses are discussed and the first quantitative results about supersonic turbulence obtained by statistical analysis of maser sources are presented in this review.
Magnetic fields in our Galaxy on large and small scales
Authors: Han J. L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMagnetic fields have been observed on all scales in our Galaxy, from AU to kpc. With pulsar dispersion measures and rotation measures, we can directly measure the magnetic fields in a very large region of the Galactic disk. The results show that the large-scale magnetic fields are aligned with the spiral arms but reverse their directions many times from the innermost arm (Norma) to the outer arm (Perseus). The Zeeman splitting measurements of masers in HII regions or star-formation regions not only show the structured fields inside clouds, but also have a clear pattern in the global Galactic distribution of all measured clouds which indicates the possible connection of the large-scale and small-scale magnetic fields.
A sensitive survey for water masers towards Bok globules
Authors: de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Gómez J. F. , Suárez O. , Kuiper T. B. H. , Anglada G. , Patel N. A. , Torrelles J. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work we report the most sensitive water maser survey towards Bok globules to date, using NASA's 70 m antenna in Robledo de Chavela (Spain). We observed 207 positions within the Clemens & Barvainis catalog that show indications of possible star formation or with a high probability of harboring a young stellar object. With this survey we have increased the number of Bok globules known to present water maser emission from three to nine. We have complemented these results with interferometric high-angular resolution observations towards some of our detections.
Japanese VLBI network observations of 6.7-GHz methanol masers I. Array
Authors: Doi Akihiro , Fujisawa Kenta , Honma Mareki , Sugiyama Koichiro , Murata Yasuhiro , Mochizuki Nanako , Isono Yasuko 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Japanese VLBI network (JVN) has begun observations of 6.7-GHz methanol masers associated with massive star-forming regions. The JVN is a newly-established VLBI array with baselines ranging from 50 to 2560 km spread across the Japanese islands. Three observing bands of 6.7, 8.4, and 22 GHz are now available. The array consists of ten antennas: VERA Mizusawa 20 m, VERA Ishigaki 20 m, VERA Iriki 20 m, Usuda 64 m, Yamaguchi 32 m, Tomakomai 11 m, Tsukuba 32 m, Kashima 34 m, VERA Ogasawara 20 m, and Gifu 11 m, the first five of which have 6.7-GHz receiving systems. In summer 2005, we obtained the first fringes at 6.7 GHz, and VLBI images of 12 methanol maser sites including seven that had not previously been imaged with VLBI at this band. In 2006 summer, we obtained phase-reference observations toward several methanol maser sites.
VLBI observations of H2O and CH3OH masers in two high-mass YSOs
Authors: Goddi C. , Moscadelli L. , Sanna A. , Cesaroni R. , Minier V. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have conducted phase-reference VLBI observations of H2O and CH3OH masers toward two high-mass star forming regions, Sh 2-255 IR and AFGL 5142. In Sh 2-255 infrared water masers are aligned along a direction close to the orientation of a large scale H2 jet, tracing possibly shocked material in a precessing jet, or, alternatively, the disk-wind emerging from the disk atmosphere. In AFGL 5142 water masers trace expansion at the base of a protostellar jet, whilst methanol masers are more probably tracing infalling than outflowing gas. Our results suggest that water and methanol masers trace different kinematic structures in the circumstellar gas.
Spectral and VLBI-structure monitoring of an OH maser flare in W75N
Authors: Alakoz A. V. , Slysh V. I. , Migenes V. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe present VLBI and single dish observations of a strong (1000 Jy) OH maser flare at 1665 MHz in the star-forming region W75N. This new flare appeared in 2003, after a 100 Jy flare in 2000. Three major spectral features N1, N2, and N3 were present at all epochs, with N1 declining and N2 increasing in flux density during observations taken in 2003–2006. All three features have strong linear polarization approaching 90%. VLBI maps show that along with the strong features N1-3, many weaker features have appeared within 100 mas of the ultra compact HII region VLA 2. The proper motion of the flare feature N1 was measured: Δα=1.36±0.3; Δδ=-0.3±0.3 mas in 1.75 years, corresponding to a tangential velocity of about 8 km s−1 relative to the rest of the features, and is comparable to the radial velocity range in the VLA 2 disk.
SiO maser survey of evolved stars in the Galaxy: various environments of maser sources
Authors: Deguchi Shuji 
Published: January 2008

AbstractUsing the SiO J=1−0 v=1 and v=2 lines near 43 GHz, we have detected about 2000 of 3600 sources observed with the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. The sources were chosen from IRAS/MSX/2MASS catalogs using color-selection criteria to pick up mass-losing oxygen-rich AGB stars and some post-AGB objects. A number of interesting sources were also found: supergiants in a massive star cluster, a nova with light echo (V838 Mon), AGB stars in globular clusters, and AGB candidates associated with dwarf galaxies. With the exception of the stars in the massive open star cluster, these ‘unusual’ objects are associated with metal poor environments where mass losing oxygen-rich AGB stars are unexpected. It is inferred that these objects were created by stellar merging which can occur in dense star clusters.
The hypergiant masers: episodic mass loss, convection and magnetic fields
Authors: Humphreys Roberta M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe cool hypergiants are the most luminous known stars in the upper HR Diagram in the apparent temperature range represented by spectral types A to M. Most of the stars in this regime are unstable as evidenced by their high mass loss rates, variability, and in some cases large IR excesses and circumstellar ejecta. We have obtained high resolution multi-wavelength images with HST/WFPC2 of several of the most known evolved cool stars including several well known stellar masers. VX Sgr and S Per were marginally resolved, while NML Cyg has a peculiar asymmetric envelope that has been shaped by its environment. The powerful maser sources IRC+10420 and VY CMa have extensive and complex circumstellar ejecta due to high mass loss episodes apparently driven by large-scale convective activity.
A search for water maser emission from post-AGB stars
Authors: Chapman J. M. , Deacon R. M. , Green A. J. , Cohen M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have used the Tidbinbilla 70-m antenna to search for 22 GHz H2O maser emission from a sample of 85 evolved stars. 21 detections were made. Of these 15 were from massive AGB stars. High-velocity H2O maser emission was detected from five sources, of which four are post-AGB stars. Three of the high-velocity sources, b292 (IRAS 18043–2116), d46 (IRAS 15445–5449), and d62 (IRAS 15544–5332) were new discoveries. d46 is also a source of non-thermal radio continuum emission. The high-velocity H2O maser emission and the radio continuum from post-AGB stars are probably associated with shocks that form from wind-wind interactions.
A database of circumstellar OH masers
Authors: Engels Dieter , Bunzel Felix 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe present a new database of circumstellar OH masers at 1612, 1665, and 1667 MHz. The database contains 10774 observations and 2274 stars with OH maser emission detected. The database contains flux densities and velocities of the two strongest maser peaks, the expansion velocity of the shell and the radial velocity of the star. Access to the database is possible over the Web (www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/maserdb), allowing cone searches for individual objects and lists of objects. Object selection is possible on the base of flux densities and velocities.
VLBI phase-referencing observations of SiO masers towards R Aquarii
Authors: Kamohara Ryuichi ,   and the VERA team
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe show a phase-referenced image of the SiO maser emissions towards the Mira variable R Aqr. These data have been obtained using the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The proper motion we have obtained is different from that obtained using the HST. The proper motion from 2004 to 2005 is not different from that of 1991 to 2005 and supports the current orbital elements.
VLBI monitoring of Mira variables with VERA
Authors: Nakagawa A. , Omodaka T. , Shibata K. M. , Kurayama T. , Imai H. , Kameno S. , Tsushima M. , Shintani M. , Matsumoto N. , Matsui M. , Oizumi S. , Yasuda T. , Arao Y. ,   the VERA project
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have started a VLBI monitoring program for Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars at 22 and 43 GHz as part of a project of the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) for precisely obtaining the period-luminosity (PL) relation of Galactic Mira variables. Using accurate distances measured with VERA, we reveal PL relation in the Galaxy based on the absolute magnitudes of the sources. We selected the sources for VLBI monitoring so that they have a good coverage of various pulsation periods. Photometry in the infrared J, H, and K bands for over 600 AGB stars has also started since 2003 with the 1m telescope of Kagoshima University to obtain the pulsation periods and magnitudes. Current analysis of the phase referencing VLBI observations of S Crt shows that the parallax of 2.3±0.2 milliarcsec (mas) corresponds to a distance of 435+41−35 pc. From the infrared monitoring data, pulsation periods and magnitudes in K band for 248 sources were obtained.
A VLBI polarization study of SiO masers towards VY CMa
Authors: Richter L. L. , Kemball A. J. , Jonas J. L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMaser emission from the SiO molecule has been widely observed in the near-circumstellar envelopes of late-type, evolved stars. VLBI images can resolve individual SiO maser spots, providing information about the kinematics and magnetic field in the extended atmospheres of these stars. This poster presents full polarization images of several SiO maser lines towards the supergiant star VY CMa. VY CMa is a particularly strong SiO maser source and allows observations of a wide range of maser transitions. We discuss implications of these observations for VY CMa morphology, polarization, and pumping models.
Twenty-six-year monitoring of water masers
Authors: Rudnitskij G. M. , Pashchenko M. I. , Esipov V. F. , Samodurov V. A. , Subaev I. A. , Tolmachev A. M. , Lekht E. E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSince 1980 variability of a sample of H2O maser sources has been monitored on the 22-metre radio telescope in Pushchino, Russia. The interval between successive observational sessions is 1–2 months. The sample includes 125 maser sources in star-forming regions (SFR) and late-type variable stars. Twenty-six-year time series of H2O line profiles have detected flares and velocity drift of spectral features. Very fast variations in the H2O maser flux (Δt ≲ 1 hour) have been detected in several SFR sources, in particular, W33B. Variations of circumstellar H2O masers in late-type stars correlate with visual light curves with a time lag of 0.3-0.4P (P is the star's period). Exceptionally strong H2O maser flares were recorded in SFR sources (Sgr B2 and others) and in the stars W Hya, R Cas and U Ori. Models for H2O maser variability are reviewed. For stellar masers shock-wave excitation of H2O line variability is discussed.
Masers as probes of massive star formation in the nuclear disk
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Arendt R. G. , Heinke C. O. , Hinz J. L. , Hewitt J. W. , Pratap P. , Ramirez S. V. , Rieke G. H. , Roberts D. A. , Stolovy S. R. , Wardle M. , Whitney B. A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOH(1720 MHz) and methanol masers are now recognized to be excellent probes of the interactions of supernova remnants with molecular clouds and tracers of massive star formation, respectively. To better understand the nature of star formation activity in the central region of the Galaxy, we have used these two classes of masers combined with the IRAC and MIPS data to study prominent sites of ongoing star formation in the nuclear disk. The nuclear disk is characterized by massive GMCs with elevated gas temperatures, compared to their dust temperatures. We note an association between methanol masers and a class of mid-infrared “green sources”. These highly embedded YSOs show enhanced 4.5μm emission due to excited molecular lines.The distribution of methanol masers and supernova remnants suggest a low efficiency of star formation (with the exception of Sgr B2), which we believe is due to an enhanced flux of cosmic ray electrons impacting molecular clouds in the nuclear disk. We also highlight the importance of cosmic rays in their ability to heat molecular clouds, and thus increase the gas temperature.
The distance to G59.7+0.1
Authors: Xu Y. , Reid M. J. , Menten K. M. , Brunthaler A. , Zheng X. W. , Moscadelli L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have measured the distance to the high-mass star-forming region G59.7+0.1, which harbors the far-infra-red source IRAS 19410+2336. The distance is 2.20 ± 0.11 kpc and was determined by triangulation using Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 12.2 GHz methanol masers phase-referenced to two compact extragalactic radio sources.