bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social computing, folksonomies, and image tagging: Reports from the research front
Authors: Hastings Samantha K. , Iyer Hemalata , Neal Diane , Rorissa Abebe , Yoon JungWon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractToday, the World Wide Web contains a vast collection of multimedia information sources which are mainly created and published by individuals. Image and video sharing services such as Flickr and YouTube pose new challenges in multimedia information indexing and retrieval and demand dynamic sets of solutions. Individuals are not just users but creators and indexers of multimedia information sources through activities such as tagging. User generated tags, taxonomies, and folksonomies of images are gaining popularity. Therefore, how to incorporate users' tags into the process of indexing and retrieval needs urgent attention. Presenters on this panel conducted various studies on image tagging and descriptions by people and the common findings include: (a) tags assigned to groups of images and individual images differ in terms of their level of abstraction, (b) image tagging specificity and exhaustivity levels differ greatly among individuals, and (c) the accordance between existing controlled vocabularies and tags varies in terms of image attributes.To make this panel an interactive one, the audience will have the opportunity to discuss the general topic of social computing (specifically image tagging) and indexing guided by the following questions:

Are user‐generated image tags/index terms viable alternatives to index terms assigned by professionals? Or, if tags cannot substitute for indexer‐generated index terms, can we utilize user‐generated tags to complement current indexing schemes by reflecting users' needs which are not found in existing indexing schemes?
Can a large image indexing and retrieval system realistically rely on user‐generated tags/index terms?
What does the audience think of the criticism that language used by users (or user‐generated tags/index terms) is not precise and controlled?
Are we in a better position today, due to the popularity of social tagging, to effectively and efficiently implement truly user‐centered indexing? Or, is social tagging merely a fad that users will not support in the long term?
What should the role of traditional indexing tools and systems be?
Who is tagging information?
Authors: Abbas June M. , Chen Hsin‐liang , Lomax Edward C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs Web 2.0 aims to be a more dynamic, interactive, information‐rich environment, social tagging, or the creation of user‐defined metadata by users, (as well as the outcome of tagging, folksonomies or the development of user‐centered vocabularies or lists of keywords that can be used for searching and subject access) (Dye, 2006), is a practice developing to foster online collaboration, independent information sharing and distribution, as well as open communication. Systems that enable social tagging are becoming more common. In the Web 2.0 environment, tagging and folksonomies have been used in different contexts such as photo sharing sites like Flickr, video sharing sites like YouTube, blog search engines like Technorati, and in social bookmarking sites like del.icio.us and LibraryThing (Etches‐Johnson, 2006) . It is generally assumed that more users are learning about and actually tagging resources. Academic articles on tagging are becoming more common (for example, Golder & Huberman, 2005; Marlow, Naaman, Boyd & Davis, 2006). However, little has been reported about tagger's motivations (Abbas, 2007; Abbas & Graham, 2006), the different contexts of tagging, and the the implications for practices and for the library and information science profession (Abbas & Graham, 2006).While the Web 2.0 environment has become a virtual laboratory for exploring the efficacy and utility of social tagging, as well as tagging practices, integrating social tagging into current business and professional practices at different institutions and professions deserves a reality check. The purposes of the panel are: 1) to explore the different contexts in which tagging is being used, 2) to examine how well social tagging has been adopted by several professions such as newspapers, libraries, museums, and within different contexts such as the Web (image and digital video sharing sites), corporations, medical professions, and other information professions, and 3) to discuss implications tagging may have to the library and information science profession. The panelists will present their observations and research results and discuss future trends for different fields.
Opening science to all: Implications of blogs and wikis for social and scholarly scientific communication
Authors: Zivkovic Bora , Bradley Jean‐Claude , Stemwedel Janet , Edwards Phillip , Vaughan K.T.L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA growing number of scientists are turning to Web2.0 communication tools such as blogs and wikis to provide open channels for their social and scholarly discourse. Because of these tools, scientists are increasingly able to share data, results, and analysis of research (scholarly communication) with distant, and sometimes unknown peers, and are also able to enter the realm of scientific commentary (social communication) with the general public. While many science bloggers focus on purely social commentary on science, others include conference announcements and reports, book reviews, brief discussion of “failed” experiments, and non‐publishable research findings. Within this environment there is a strong awareness that readers include – and may preferentially be – non‐scientists, perhaps even nonspecialist skeptics about established theories. This session is not only concerned with presenting a state of the blog for science communication, but also with thinking about the impact of “plain English” science writing on both society and on science.
Conceptualizing social justice in the information sciences
Authors: Rioux Kevin , Mehra Bharat , Albright Kendra 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInquiries into information needs, seeking, and use continue to contribute a great deal of valuable theoretical and practical knowledge to information science (Fisher et al., 2005; Case, 2007). The principles of fairness, ethics, and equity are often implicit in many of these studies (Hersberger, 2003; Todd & Edwards, 2004; Courtright, 2005). However, the concept of social justice, an overarching concept that includes these principles, is rarely made explicit.An ad hoc gathering, originally coined the “Social Justice Forum” was held at AM'06 in Austin, Texas, to explore the usefulness of social justice concepts in information science. This meeting brought together researchers and practitioners who are generally interested in social justice issues as they relate to information. Since the term “social justice” in information science is a somewhat novel or under‐used one, the discussion primarily focused on defining and fitting the term into information science contexts. One of the results was a list of keywords that represent social justice as it relates to information use, including:

Under‐served populations
Agenda‐setting
Economic benefits of information access and use
Cultural issues
Marginalization
Policy
Community informatics
Diversity
Fair use
Information sharing and exchange
Given that many information professions mandate that practitioners be advocates for their constituents, and given the richness of extant social justice concepts in other fields, the group agreed that it would be a good idea to continue exploring the relationship between social justice and information studies and practice.
Social computing as co‐created experience
Authors: Gazan Rich , Shachaf Pnina , Barzilai‐Nahon Karine , Shankar Kalpana , Bardzell Shaowen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOne of the most interesting effects of social computing is that the line between users and designers has become increasingly uncertain. Examples abound‐user‐generated content, rating and recommendation systems, social networking sites, open source software and easy personalization and sharing have effectively allowed users to become design partners in the creation of online experience. This panel will discuss four examples of social computing in practice, including the exercise of virtual social capital by members of the Answerbag online question‐answering community, the thriving yet understudied user interactions on Wikipedia talk pages, self‐regulation mechanisms of gatekeeping in virtual communities, and collaborative design practices within Second Life, a Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) that is also an interactive design environment. The aim of this panel is to challenge traditional understanding of users' role in the creation and evolution of information systems, and work toward a more realistic conceptualization of Web 2.0 users as both a source of, and a solution to, the overabundance of information created via social computing.
Social capital 2.0: New ICTs and new social forms
Authors: McInerney Claire R. , Tennis Joseph T. , Tötterman Anna‐Karin , Widén‐Wulff Gunilla , Wright Steve , Day Ronald E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this panel we investigate the relation between social capital and methods of populist, post‐coordinate knowledge management which has popularly been termed “Web 2.0” or “Library 2.0.” We include in this examination the management of persons and groups, as matrixes and agents of knowledge, and we center our examination upon the ways that documentary forms and social organization can give rise to social capital as embodied by producers and their expressions rather than occurring as the result of the managerial “precoordination” of personnel and documents. In the historical and social shifts from a managerial to a user or worker perspective, we may note, as well, a possible change in the notion of “information” from that of the supposed effect of documentary forms to social networks and their expressive productions, that is, a shift from a documentary to a post‐documentary notion of “information” and a shift from a “managerial” to a “post‐managerial” notion of organizational culture. Such shifts may require us to shift our foci and methods, as well, from an epistemology and a practice that emphasizes “content” and content management to that of social constructivism and viewing “content” as the expressive product of cultural forms, social situations, and personal interactions (and with this, a need for greater ethnographic, philosophical, “critical,” aesthetic, and historical methods of research).
Technical session on: The impact of the Internet on users
Authors: Griffiths José‐Marie , King Donald W. , Pomerantz Jeffrey , Tenopir Carol , D'Elia George , Aerni Sarah E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe online information environment has changed dramatically since the earliest online systems emerged in the 1960s. Growth has occurred both in the number of users of online information as well as in the number of online information resources and providers. The rate of growth in each of these areas increased exponentially with the availability of the public Internet and the World Wide Web. These foundational technological developments created an environment in which almost anyone can “publish” or function as an information provider and have virtually instantaneous access to massive volumes of information.
A methodology and model for studying boundary objects, annotations, and collaborative practices: Musicians and musical scores
Authors: Winget Megan A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough the boundary object is a significant theoretical concept for the CSCW community, it is less well‐known in the general Information Science community. This paper briefly reviews the concept of the boundary object and proposes a new method to help researchers study users' interactions with these objects. Findings from an qualitative study of musicians' annotative behaviors on their boundary objects, musical scores, will provide the means to discuss this methodology. Findings from this study have implications not only for the CSCW community, but also for the Information Science community at large, in the development of systems that support collaboration, performance, and different forms of human‐information interaction.
Mining web search behaviors: Strategies and techniques for data modeling and analysis
Authors: Wang Peiling , Wolfram Dietmar , Zhang Jin , Hong Ningning , Wu Lei , Canevit Craig , Redmon Daniel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThere is a growing interest in modeling Web searching behaviors using query log data. In this project, we identified some gaps in current research. We propose to model Web search behaviors along three dimensions: interactions, linguistic and cognitive behaviors. We propound Web search session as a vital important concept to study interactive behaviors using query logs. A highly granular, comprehensive relational model is presented for data extraction and transformation along with strategies and methods for session identification. To facilitate analysis, we developed an interactive Web tool for exploring different session thresholds. We demonstrate statistically that the 80‐20 empirical rule shows promise for setting session boundaries. In addition, we recommend that decisions for session boundary thresholds should be determined based on specific query corpus characteristics such as type and size of the database searched, and type of searchers who submit the queries. Our approach is based on the fact that data mining researchers do not always know all the hypotheses that the data can answer at the outset and the log data are diverse across environments due to the lack of standardization. This model maximizes transactional data inclusion, is flexible in handling data content, and can be extended easily to incorporate new hypotheses and new data elements as mining progresses.
Three of the four FRBR group 1 entity types are roles, not types
Authors: Renear Allen H. , Dubin David 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe examine the conceptual model of the “bibliographic universe” presented in IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and argue, applying ontology design recommendations proposed by N. Guarino and C. Welty, that three of the four Group 1 entity types might be more accurately conceptualized as roles. We show how this approach may generalize the solution to a previously identified puzzle regarding the FRBR entity type of XML documents and speculate as to the sorts of entities that might take on these roles. This view of bibliographic entities, that they are roles that other things have in particular social contexts is consistent with Searle's notion of a cascade of social facts established through collective intentionality. We allow that even if our analysis is correct the current FRBR approach may be preferable as there are good reasons for “denormalized ontologies” that treat roles as types, particularly when the objective is not a general ontology, but a practical conceptual model.
Redefining the digital divide: Attitudes do matter!
Authors: Partridge Helen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor the majority of current day internet researchers they key issue is not “who” is connected to the internet but “what” are people doing when they are connected. In particular there is a growing interest in social computing, and especially technology such as blogs, wikis, myspace, and the like. But have we abandoned the issue of “who” for “what” too soon? This paper will present a research project that explores the psychological barriers that prevent people within community from integrating information and communication technology into their lives. The research will use the Social Cognitive Theory by Bandura to examine the psychology of the digital divide. Participants in the study are members of the San Jose community. Self administered surveys are used for data collection. The research influences our understanding of the digital divide by providing evidence that the characteristics or make up of the digital divide is more complex than the current understanding of the phenomenon. Existing digital divide studies have taken primarily a socio‐economic perspective, and portray the digital divide as a relatively simple premise: the digital divide is a dichotomous concept – you either have access to ICT or you don't. And this access is determined by factors such as income, employment and education. This research illustrates that psychology does matter; and that the digital divide involves both more members of the population and different members of the population then current research has shown to date. As such the current research has brought to light elements of the digital divide which have not being considered in contemporary discourse about the phenomenon.
Decision making framework for thinking about information seeking behavior
Authors: Lopatovska Irene 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAt the time of constantly emerging technologies, information professionals need frameworks for modeling users' preferences as well as understanding adoption and usability issues. One such framework, the decision making Expected Utility theory, is reviewed for its ability to offer the logic of mathematical modeling with graphical aids for analyzing information seeking decisions. Major information seeking decisions, including decisions to seek information, select information sources and search strategies, select relevant information objects, and decisions to stop seeking, are analyzed using the four expected utility components: alternatives, outcomes, likelihoods and values. Application of decision theoretic framework helps to identify under‐studied areas of information seeking research, as well as offers new ways of analyzing information preferences.
The benefits of skimming in data fusion
Authors: Spoerri Anselm 
Published: February 2009

AbstractData fusion methods commonly use and compare all the documents returned by multiple retrieval systems to create a new result list. On the one hand, as documents further down in the result lists are considered, a document's probability of being relevant decreases significantly. On the other hand, retrieval systems tend to find similar relevant documents when searching the same database, but they do not find them in the same rank positions. Thus, data fusion methods need to consider all of the documents returned by the retrieval systems. Using TREC 3, 6, 7, 8, 12 and 13 data, this paper examines how “skimming”, where the number of documents examined in the result lists is gradually increased, can help to identify relevant documents. It is shown that “gradual skimming” and what can be learned as the list depth is increased can help to improve the retrieval effectiveness of data fusion methods.
Types of Help‐seeking situations for novice users of digital libraries: A preliminary study
Authors: Xie Hong (Iris) , Cool Colleen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Help‐seeking situation is characterized by a person, who is engaged in the process of information seeking with an IR system in order to achieve his/her tasks/goals, and finds him/herself needing some sort of help in that process. To date, there has been little empirical research investigating the specific types of Help‐seeking situations that lead users to look for help. This paper reports the results of a preliminary study, derived from an ongoing large scale research project focusing on the identification of different types of Help‐seeking situations, along with types of help features used and their related problems. Seventeen subjects representing the general public in Milwaukee and New York City sites were selected for this study. Based on the analysis of pre and post questionnaires, think aloud data and transaction logs, the results present 9 types of Help‐seeking situations related to problems in the area of: domain knowledge, system knowledge, information retrieval knowledge, evaluation of results, and collections of digital libraries. Implications for the design of more effective interactive Help mechanisms are also discussed.
Improving online dating with virtual dates
Authors: Frost Jeana , Norton Michael I. , Ariely Dan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOnline dating, a practice where singles visit a website to locate other singles, frequently fails to meet users' expectations. We suggest that this disappointment is due in part to online dating websites' failure to simulate face‐to‐face interactions, an essential component of the acquaintanceship process. We document users' general disappointment with online dating (Study 1) and their disappointment with specific dates arranged through an online dating website (Study 2). In Study 3 we introduce the Virtual Date, on which potential dating partners explore a virtual environment in an interaction analogous to a real first date (such as going to a museum), a pre‐meeting intervention that led to greater liking after meetings had occurred (during speed‐dates) than standard online dating.
Information‐seeking behaviors of academic researchers in the internet age: A user study in the United States, China and Greece
Authors: Wang Peiling , Dervos Dimitris A. , Zhang Yan , Wu Lei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents preliminary results of an ongoing study of academic researchers' information‐seeking and communication behaviors (IS) in the Internet age. The study used a semi‐structured interview method, and a hybrid quantitative and qualitative approach to observe research use of Internet‐enabled information and communication technologies/resources (IICTs). A research framework is developed to comprise two dimensions: (A) IS behaviors pertaining to long‐term research needs or corresponding to project lifecycle; (B) IICTs providing information or supporting communication. The IS dimension adopts Ellis's behavioral model with revision; the IICT dimension includes commonly used tools and resources such as the Web, email, digital library, online library catalog, e‐journal, etc. This paper reports on part of the preliminary results of three datasets from two disciplines (computer science and engineering) in the U.S. (28 participants), Greece (19 participants), and China (35 participants). Converging and integrating information resources have caused terminological confusions. Overlapping in access to information resources also blurred the boundaries between different types of information systems. The use and non‐use of IICTs depend on many different factors. Our results also show that the major IS activities proposed by Ellis continue to play important roles in research, but these activities are now handled in both traditional and diverse new ways in the Internet environment. Managing information is a big challenge and effective tools are needed. Libraries and librarians are less recognized as information is becoming more accessible via the Internet. There is a need to shift from traditional service and user instruction roles to new roles.