Human-Beta-Defensin-1, Ferritin, Interleukin-6 and their Relationship with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters of the Severity of the Tuberculosis Process
Authors: Shevchenko O.S. , Todoriko L.D. , Shevchenko R.S. , Matvyeyeva S.L. , Tudor Е. , Ovcharenko I.A. , Shvets O.M. , Pohorielova O.O. 
Published: March 2024

Establishing relationships between clinical and laboratory parameters, such as general patient’s state, parameters of complete blood count and blood biochemistry and markers of the course of tuberculosis in the future can be used to predict the severity of dysfunction of various organs and tissues in patients with tuberculosis and in particular in patients who receive anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Objective — to investigate the relationship between biochemical markers, namely Human-beta-defensin-1, ferritin and interleukin-6, and clinical and laboratory indicators of the severity of the tuberculosis process.
Materials and methods. 100 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. After receiving 60 doses of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 77) consisted of patients in whom sputum conversion was observed after 60 doses of treatment, determined by sputum microscopy. Group 2 (n = 23) comprised patients in whom bacterial secretion was maintained after 60 doses of treatment, as detected by microscopy. In addition to the routine studies provided for the monitoring of patients with tuberculosis by the current orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the levels of Human-beta-defensin-1, ferritin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the fasting blood were additionally measured by ELISA at the beginning of treatment and after 60 days. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 8.0 software environment.
Results. A comparison of the investigated parameters between groups at the beginning of treatment showed significantly higher values of Human-beta-defensin-1 (Group 1 — (18.97 ± 2.42) pg/ml, Group 2 — (55.02 ± ± 15.69) pg/ml), ferritin (Group 1 — (94.86 ± 6.02) ng/ml, Group 2 — (141.61 ± 24.66) ng/ml) and IL-6 (Group 1 — (80.33 ± 5.03) pg/ml, Group 2 — (110.13 ± 10.35) pg/ml) in patients with positive sputum micros­copy after 60 doses of treatment, p < 0.05. All studied markers demonstrated a reliable positive relationship with the massiveness of bacterial excretion, a conditional indicator of the severity of clinical symptoms and signs, ESR and urea level, as well as reliable negative correlations with creatinine level. In addition, patients with a lower body mass index were found to have higher levels of Human-beta-defensin-1 and ferritin. Higher levels of Human-beta-defensin-1 and ferritin are associated with lower hemoglobin levels (Human-beta-defensin-1 was also negatively correlated with erythrocyte count). An increase in the leukocytes level is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of Human-beta-defensin-1 and IL-6. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between the level of glucose and ferritin, as well as between the level of bilirubin and ferritin and IL-6.
Conclusions. The determined significantly higher levels of Human-beta-defensin-1, ferritin and interleukin-6 in patients in whom sputum microscopy was positive after 60 doses of treatment allow considering the investigated biochemical parameters as markers of the ineffectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy. The identified positive relationships with the severity of clinical symptoms indicate the possibility of using the studied parameters as markers of the severity of the tuberculosis course. The possibility of using Human-beta-defensin-1 and ferritin as markers of anemia was also found. Correlations with parameters of blood biochemistry allow us to talk about increased levels of Human-beta-defensin-1, ferritin and interleukin-6 against the background of kidney damage.