bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary relationships and historical biogeography of Anolis desechensis and Anolis monensis, two lizards endemic to small islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea
Authors: Rodríguez‐Robles Javier A. , Jezkova Tereza , García Miguel A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim  We investigated the evolutionary relationships and historical biogeography of two lizard species (Anolis desechensis and Anolis monensis) endemic to small oceanic islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea.Location  Desecheo, Mona and Monito Islands, in the Mona Passage, and Puerto Rico, eastern Caribbean Sea.Methods  We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of A. desechensis and A. monensis from DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods. The ingroup included species from Puerto Rico (Anolis cooki, Anolis cristatellus), the Bahamas (Anolis scriptus), and the British Virgin Islands (Anolis ernestwilliamsi). We also constructed a median‐joining mutational network to visualize relationships among the haplotypes of A. cooki and A. monensis from Mona and Monito Islands.Results  The three phylogenetic methods suggested the same pattern of relationships. Anolis desechensis nests within A. cristatellus, and is most closely related to A. cristatellus from south‐western Puerto Rico. Our analyses also indicated that A. monensis is the sister species of A. cooki, an anole restricted to the south‐western coast of Puerto Rico. Although they are closely related, the populations of A. monensis from Mona and Monito can be distinguished genetically.Main conclusions  The ancestors of A. desechensis and A. monensis colonized Desecheo, and Mona and Monito Islands, respectively, from localities in south‐western Puerto Rico, not from places on Puerto Rico geographically closer to the islands. The ancestors of these two anoline species probably arrived on the islands via waif dispersal. Anolis eggs can survive immersion in salt water for several hours, thus flotsam could successfully have transported all developmental stages of these lizards from the source area to a new locality.
Geographical differentiation, acoustic adaptation and species boundaries in mainland citril finches and insular Corsican finches, superspecies Carduelis [citrinella]
Authors: Förschler Marc Imanuel , Kalko Elisabeth K. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim  In birds, differentiation of acoustic characters is an important mechanism of reproductive isolation that may lead to an ethological–acoustic barrier, resulting in the formation of new species. We examined acoustic variation in mainland citril and insular Corsican finch populations, with the aim of assessing the degree of acoustic differentiation between both members of the superspecies Carduelis [citrinella] and documenting possible variation between local subpopulations that are geographically isolated.Location  We chose study sites throughout the geographical ranges of citril and Corsican finches. For the citril finch, we obtained samples from the Black Forest (Germany), the Cevennes (France) and the Pyrenees (Spain); for the Corsican finch, we obtained samples from the islands Capraia and Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France).Methods  We analysed frequent contact calls and elements of the perch song. Vocalization patterns of the study populations were compared by means of discriminant and hierarchical cluster analyses.Results  There were significant differences in vocalization characteristics of perch songs and contact calls, which permitted unambiguous discrimination of citril and Corsican finch populations. However, we also detected significant differences in contact calls between mainland citril finch subpopulations. There was a pattern of clinal variation in vocalization: short, steeply modulated signals in the northern part of the geographical range (Black Forest) and long, shallowly modulated signals in the southern part (Pyrenees).Main conclusions  Acoustically, mainland citril and insular Corsican finches separate well in their contact calls and perch songs. However, variation in the two vocalization patterns between subpopulations of mainland citril finches indicates that acoustic characteristics can evolve very quickly, not only on islands but also on the mainland. Local habitat differences may play a crucial role in the rapid evolution of these signals under full or partial isolation of small subpopulations. To judge the importance of signal variation as a pre‐mating isolating barrier, future studies will have to determine whether members of the distinct subpopulations are able to match their signals to each other if they re‐meet, and whether intraspecific species recognition is still possible.
Reproductive phenology over a 10‐year period in a lowland evergreen rain forest of central Borneo
Authors: BREARLEY FRANCIS Q. , PROCTOR JOHN , SURIANTATA  , NAGY LASZLO , DALRYMPLE GEMMA , VOYSEY BENEDICT C. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to document patterns in tree reproductive phenology in a rain forest of central Borneo and examine relationships between phenology and climatic patterns.A 10‐year data set (1990–2000) of monthly observations of flowering and fruit production of 171 trees (including 39 members of the Dipterocarpaceae) at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, showed that most trees (73%) underwent reproductive activity on a supra‐annual timescale.There were three general flowering (GF) events, in 1991, 1994 and 1997, which were preceded by major drought periods (30‐day sliding total rainfall of less than 100 mm for more than 10 days) in which at least 40% of dipterocarps and at least 18% of all other trees underwent synchronized reproductive activity; there was also a minor event in 1990. Around 1.3% of trees flowered and 3.8% produced fruit in months outside of these four events.At the community level, the strongest negative correlation was found between the percentage of flowering individuals and total rainfall in the preceding 150 days.Within three genera of dipterocarps examined in more detail (Dipterocarpus,ShoreaandVatica) there were clear and consistent patterns of sequential flowering with certain species flowering early in the GF events and others towards the end of these events.Our results confirm the importance of large‐scale climatic fluctuations (El Niño‐Southern Oscillation) on plant reproductive phenology in South‐east Asian tropical forests and indicate that drought may be a more important cue than low night‐time temperatures.
Glacialin situsurvival in the Western Alps and polytopic autopolyploidy inBiscutella laevigataL. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: PARISOD CHRISTIAN , BESNARD GUILLAUME 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPast climatic changes and especially the ice ages have had a great impact on both the distribution and the genetic composition of plant populations, but whether they promoted speciation is still controversial. The autopolyploid complexBiscutella laevigatais a classical example of polyploidy linked to glaciations and is an interesting model to explore migration and speciation driven by climate changes in a complex alpine landscape. Diploid taxa survived the last glacial maximum in several never‐glaciated areas and autotetraploids are clearly dominant in the central parts of the Alps; however, previous range‐wide studies failed to identify their diploid ancestor(s). This study highlights the phylogeographical relationships of maternal lineages in the Western Alps and investigates the polyploidy process using plastid DNA sequences (trnS‐trnG andtrnK‐intron) combined with plastid DNA length polymorphism markers, which were transferable among Brassicaceae species. Twenty‐one distinct plastid DNA haplotypes were distinguished in 67 populations densely sampled in the Western Alps and main lineages were identified by a median‐joining network. The external Alps harboured high levels of genetic diversity, while the Central Alps contained only a subset of haplotypes due to postglacial recolonization. Several haplotypes were restricted to local peripheral refugia and evidence ofin situsurvival in central nunataks was detected by the presence of highly differentiated haplotypes swamped by frequent ones. As hierarchical genetic structure pointed to an independent evolution of the species in different biogeographical districts, and since tetraploids displayed haplotypes belonging to different lineages restricted to either the northern or the southern parts of the Alpine chain, polytopic autopolyploidy was also apparent in the Western Alps.
Life‐history and habitat features influence the within‐river genetic structure of Atlantic salmon
Authors: VÄHÄ JUHA‐PEKKA , ERKINARO JAAKKO , NIEMELÄ EERO , PRIMMER CRAIG R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDefining populations and identifying ecological and life‐history characteristics affecting genetic structure is important for understanding species biology and hence, for managing threatened or endangered species or populations. In this study, populations of the world's largest indigenous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stock were first inferred using model‐based clustering methods, following which life‐history and habitat variables best predicting the genetic diversity of populations were identified. This study revealed that natal homing of Atlantic salmon within the Teno River system is accurate at least to the tributary level. Generally, defining populations by main tributaries was observed to be a reasonable approach in this large river system, whereas in the mainstem of the river, the number of inferred populations was fewer than the number of distinct sampling sites. Mainstem and headwater populations were genetically more diverse and less diverged, while each tributary fostered a distinct population with high genetic differentiation and lower genetic diversity. Population structure and variation in genetic diversity among populations were poorly explained by geographical distance. In contrast, age‐structure, as estimated by the proportion of multisea‐winter spawners, was the most predictive variable in explaining the variation in the genetic diversity of the populations. This observation, being in agreement with theoretical predictions, emphasizes the essence of large multisea‐winter females in maintaining the genetic diversity of populations. In addition, the unique genetic diversity of populations, as estimated by private allele richness, was affected by the ease of accessibility of a site, with more difficult to access sites having lower unique genetic diversity. Our results show that despite this species’ high capacity for migration, tributaries foster relatively closed populations with little gene flow which will be important to consider when developing management strategies for the system.
Effects of dietary scFOS on immunoglobulins in colostrums and milk of bitches
Authors: Adogony V. , Respondek F. , Biourge V. , Rudeaux F. , Delaval J. , Bind J.‐L. , Salmon H. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryFructo‐oligosaccharides (scFOS) are prebiotic ingredients that improve protection against pathogens probably through promoting the growth of gastrointestinal bacteria‐like Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli: this stimulation may lead to a better development of immune repertoire and/or stimulation of the local immune response. According to the existence of the immune entero‐mammary link, we were wondering if the dietary supplementation with scFOS could enhance the mucosal immunoglobulin level in mammary secretions. Results in this study show that bitches supplemented with scFOS exhibit higher colostrum and milk IgM content without concomitant effect on IgG1, IgG2 and IgA. In addition, intranasally immunized puppies exhibited a trend to higher Bordetella bronchiseptica‐specific IgM immune response. The dietary supplementation with scFOS increased the IgM level in colostrums and milk of bitches by mechanisms which remain to be elucidated.
Effect of captivity and mineral supplementation on body composition and mineral status of mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus)
Authors: Clauss M. , Firzlaff U. , Castell J. C. , Kiefer B. , Streich W. J. , Liesegang A. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryWe investigated the whole‐body crude nutrient (fat, protein, ash) and mineral (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) composition of mustached bats of three different groups: animals from the wild (n = 6), and animals from captivity on an unsupplemented feeding regime of mealworms (n = 7), and on a feeding regime in which the mealworms were kept on a mineral substrate prior to feeding (n = 6). It was shown that mealworms from the mineral substrate had higher Ca contents than mealworms from the conventional substrates. In an earlier study, differences in bone mineral density had been found between the groups. These differences, however, were not reflected in differences in whole‐body composition. Captive animals showed a larger variation in body weight and fat content, indicating potential shortcomings of the dietary and husbandry regime.
Bone metabolism of milk goats and sheep during second pregnancy and lactation in comparison to first lactation
Authors: Liesegang A. , Risteli J. , Wanner M. 
Published: May 2007

SummarySubstantial losses of skeletal tissue occur during late pregnancy and lactation. The goal of the present study was to follow these changes in pregnant and lactating goats and sheep, compare these two species during their second lactation, and also compare the results to the first lactation. Blood samples were collected from 12 adult dairy goats (Saanen goat) and sheep (Ostfriesen milk sheep) monthly during gestation, 2 or 3 days postpartum (pp), 2 weeks pp, 4 weeks pp, and then monthly during lactation until 7 months after parturition. Total bone mineral content (BMC) and total bone mineral density (BMD) were quantified using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the same intervals as the blood was taken. Bone resorption was assessed in serum using two different domains of the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP and crosslaps). Bone formation was quantified in serum with osteocalcin (OC) and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP). In addition, Ca and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (VITD) were determined in serum. The same procedure was done during the first and second gestation and lactation. Mean ICTP and crosslaps concentrations of the two animal species showed an increase in the last month of gestation. In contrast, mean OC concentrations decreased slowly from the 2nd month of pregnancy until the first week pp. Also mean bAP activities showed a similar time course. Total BMC and BMD decreased until the first week pp in both species. Afterwards, BMC increased again during lactation. BMD levels of sheep and goats returned to prepartum levels during lactation. Vitamin D concentrations peaked in the first week pp. Only VITD concentrations in goats stayed elevated compared with prepartum values throughout the whole lactation during the second lactation. Around parturition and at the beginning of lactation, the bone resorptive phase of bone remodelling is accelerated, but is uncoupled from the process of bone formation. The mineral decrease in bone of these lactating animals seems to be reversible. Since during lactation, bone remodelling has bone resorption and formation phases tightly coupled. Interestingly, in these species, the bone loss in the second pregnancy and lactation measured with BMC and BMD is not as prominent as in the first lactation, but shows almost the same course, although the animals gave more milk in the second lactation. It seems that the organism adapts to the circumstances more easily in the second lactation compared to the first lactation in these two species.
Vegetable and animal food sorts found in the gastric content of Sardinian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa meridionalis)
Authors: Pinna W. , Nieddu G. , Moniello G. , Cappai M. G. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryAuthors report results emerging from gastric content analysis from n. 96 wild boars hunted in Sardinia isle, during the hunting tide (2001–2005), from November to January. Mean pH of the gastric content was 3.77 ± 0.69. Mean total capacity (TC) of each stomach was 1702 ± 680 g. Mean Stuff ratio (CW/TC) between the content weight (CW) and stomachs TC was 0.45. Food categories found in animal stomachs were: 19 categories of vegetal species (Allium spp., Arbutus unedo, Arisarum vulgare, Avena fatua, Avena sativa, Castanea sativa, Ceratonia siliqua, Chamaerops umilis, Cichorium intybus, Hordeum sativum, Juniperus oxycedrus, Myrtus communis, Olea europea, Pirus amygdaliformis, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus spp., Rhamnus alaternus, Triticum durum, Zea mais); 11 categories of animal species (Agriotes lineatus, Apodemus sylvaticus dicrurus, Chalcides chalcides, Chalcides ocellatus tiligugu, Crematogaster scutellaris, Forficula auricularia, Helix aspersa, Lumbricus terrestris, Ovis aries, Podarcis tiliguerta tiliguerta, Scolopendra cingulata); three categories were identified in general terms (insects larvae, hairs of mammals, feathers of birds). Food categories found in the stomach contents of Sus scrofa meridionalis confirm observations by other researchers who report the prevalence of vegetables in spite of animal food sorts in the wild boar diet in Italian regions.
Glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to mechanical or thermal processed barley in horses
Authors: Vervuert I. , Bothe C. , Coenen M. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different barley processing techniques on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in horses. It was hypothesized that the changes in pre‐caecal starch digestibility caused by barley processing would affect metabolic responses. Six horses were fed in random order: whole (WB), finely ground (FGB), steamed (SB), steam‐flaked (SFB) and popped barley (PB). The total barley intake was adjusted to 630 g starch/horse/day (1.2–1.5 g starch/kg BW/day). During a 10‐day stabilization period, the horses also received 6 kg grass hay/horse/day. On the blood collection day, the horses were fed their test diet (exclusively barley), and blood samples were taken at defined times for glucose and insulin analysis. The degree of starch gelatinization (DG) in the untreated or thermally processed barley was analysed using the glucoamylase method. In general, barley feeding resulted in a significant increase in mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations within 30–45 min after feeding. While the highest glucose and insulin responses occurred after intake of SFB with a DG of 28.7%, the changes in glucose and insulin were more pronounced with PB with a DG of 95.6%, with SB (DG: 22.2%), FGB (DG: 14.9%) and WB (DG: 14.9%). The peak plasma glucose varied between 5.72 ± 0.67 mmol/l with FGB and 6.52 ± 0.64 mmol/l with SFB (treatment p < 0.05). These results confirm the post‐prandial changes in plasma glucose and insulin after intake of the different barley products, but also show that there was no association of the highest degree of gelatinization in the different barley diets with the most pronounced glycaemic or insulinaemic response.
Additional data on energy requirements of young adult cats measured by indirect calorimetry
Authors: Wichert B. , Müller L. , Gebert S. , Wenk C. , Wanner M. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryMeasurements of nitrogen, carbon and energy balances were done on eight female adult cats aged approximately 1.5 years with the help of respiration chambers. The cats were fed with a marked dry food for kittens (Biomill® kitten). Faeces and urine samples were collected with the help of a special cat toilet that allows the single collection of both materials. The calculated energy requirement of these eight female cats was 239.6 kJ ME/kg BW/day (R2 = 0.98). Including the data, on 12 young male adult cats, ofLäuger, (2001), an energy requirement of 238 kJ ME/kg BW/day (R2 = 0.95) could be calculated. From these data, it can be followed that the energy requirements of young, active cats are higher than that of the older cats. The method of indirect calorimetry does not necessarily lead to lower energy requirements.
Cloning and in silico Mapping of Resistance Gene Analogues Isolated from Rice Lines Containing Known Genes for Blast Resistance
Authors: Kumar S. P. , Dalal V. , Singh N. K. , Sharma T. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe amplified resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from the genomic DNA of 10 rice lines having varying degree of resistance to Magnaporthe grisea by using degenerate primers and various RGAs were mapped in silico on different rice chromosomes. The amplified products were grouped into 3–8 restriction fragment length polymorphic classes by using Mbo1 and Alu1 restriction enzymes. Of 98 RGAs obtained in this study, 65 RGA clones showed more than 95% homology with various RGAs sequences present in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these RGAs formed 11 groups. Using sequence homology approach, RGAs isolated in this study were physically mapped on 23 loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12. Twenty RGAs were mapped near to the chromosomal regions containing known genes/QTLs for rice blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight resistance. Thirty‐nine RGA sequences also contained open reading frame representing signature of potential disease resistance genes.
Diagnostic hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Dongen H , De Kroon CD , Jacobi CE , Trimbos JB , Jansen FW 
Published: May 2007

Background  This study was conducted to assess the accuracy and feasibility of diagnostic hysteroscopy in the evaluation of intrauterine abnormalities in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Search strategy  Electronic databases were searched from 1 January 1965 to 1 January 2006 without language selection. The medical subject heading (MeSH) and textwords for the following terms were used: hysteroscopy, diagnosis, histology, histopathology, hysterectomy, biopsy, sensitivity and specificity.Setting  University Hospital.Selection criteria  The inclusion criteria were report on accuracy of diagnostic hysteroscopy in women with abnormal uterine bleeding compared to histology collected with guided biopsy during hysteroscopy, operative hysteroscopy or hysterectomy.Data collection and analysis  Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies and references were cross‐checked. Validity was assessed and data were extracted independently by two authors. Heterogeneity was calculated and data were pooled. Subgroup analysis was performed according to validity criteria, study quality, menopausal state, time, setting and performance of the procedure. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, post‐test probabilities and feasibility of diagnostic hysteroscopy on the prediction of uterine cavity abnormalities. Post‐test probabilities were derived from the likelihood ratios and prevalence of intrauterine abnormalities among included studies. Feasibility included technical success rate and complication rate.Main results  One population of homogeneous data could be identified, consisting of patients with postmenopausal bleeding. In this subgroup the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 7.9 (95% CI 4.79–13.10) and 0.04 (95% CI 0.02–0.09), raising the pre‐test probability from 0.61 to a post‐test probability of 0.93 (95% CI 0.88–0.95) for positive results and reducing it to 0.06 (95% CI 0.03–0.13) for negative results. The pooled likelihood ratios of all studies included, calculated with the random effects model, were 6.5 (95% CI 4.1–10.4) and 0.08 (95% CI 0.07–0.10), changing the pre‐test probability of 0.46 to post‐test probabilities of 0.85 (95% CI 0.78–0.90) and 0.07 (0.06–0.08) for positive and negative results respectively. Subgroup analyses gave similar results. The overall success rate of diagnostic hysteroscopy was estimated at 96.9% (SD 5.2%, range 83–100%).Conclusions  This systematic review and meta‐analysis shows that diagnostic hysteroscopy is both accurate and feasible in the diagnosis of intrauterine abnormalities.