bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and magnetic properties of novel complexes of poly(N‐2‐thiazolylmethacrylamide) with Nd(III), Pr(III), and Sm(III)
Authors: Zheng Ping , Sun Weilin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractN‐2‐Thiazolylmethacrylamide (NTMA) was polymerized by a radical route to obtain the polymer in good yields. The complexes of PolyNTMA with three rare earth ions Nd(III), Pr(III), and Sm(III) were prepared for the first time. FTIR and 1H NMR were applied to characterize these materials. The magnetic behavior of PolyNTMA–metal complexes was examined as a function of applied magnetic field at 4 K and as a function of temperature (4–300 K) at an applied magnetic field of 30 kOe. It was found that Pr(III) complex exhibits an antiferromagnetic property, while Nd(III) and Sm(III) complexes exhibit a special magnetic property different from the typical magnet. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1289–1293, 2006
The adsorption of water vapor on super absorbent product at low temperatures and low mass
Authors: Bakass M. , Bellat J. P. , Mokhlisse A. , Bertrand G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe adsorption isotherms of water vapor on super absorbent product have the same form of type III isotherm at ambient temperature with the hysteresis phenomena. For temperatures lower than ambient, the isotherms become deformed because of the chains effect. The polymer is characterized by a multilayer adsorption, which occurs before a full‐course is complete. During adsorption reactions, the polymer undergoes rearrangement polymeric network, which results from a cooperative diffusion of the water molecules and from a chain spacing followed by an expansion of the polymeric network. Three types of water molecules adsorbed on polymer were identified: strongly dependent water, adsorbed water, and the water only trapped between the macromolecular chains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1450–1456, 2006
Wrinkle resistant properties and antibacterial efficacy of cotton fabrics treated with glyoxal system and with combination of glyoxal and chitosan system
Authors: Kittinaovarat Siriwan , Kantuptim Pariya , Singhaboonponp Thanit 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis study examined the possibility of using glyoxal and chitosan in one‐step finishing to impart both durable press performance and antibacterial efficacy on cotton fabrics. Glyoxal treatment provided good wrinkle resistant property and fair antibacterial activity on the finished fabrics, but the loss of breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics was a main problem of this treatment. Chitosan added in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system also provided comparable results in wrinkle resistant and antibacterial properties on the finished fabrics as the glyoxal did. The advantage of chitosan in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system was the improvement of the breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics without affecting the durable press property of the finished fabrics. However, the yellowing of the finished fabric was still a problem when the finished fabrics were treated with the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1372–1377, 2006
Synthesis of a difunctional organolithium compound as initiator for the polymerization of styrene‐butadiene/isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymer
Authors: Lu Zhanxia , Xu Hongde , Li Yang , Hu Youliang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA difunctional organolithium compound was prepared by the addition of butyllithium (BuLi) to 1,4‐bis(4‐methyl‐1‐phenylethenyl)benzene (MPEB). The effects of the solvent, polar modifier (THF), butyl lithium structure, and reaction time on the formation of the difunctional organolithium compound were studied. Results showed that toluene as solvent was in favor of the addition reaction over cycohexane, in the absence of the polar modifier. However, cycohexane was a better option as solvent for the addition reaction, when polar modifier was employed. A small amount of polar modifier could efficiently accelerate the reaction rate and have no significant effect on the structure of the polydiene, which was initiated by the polar modifier containing organolithium compound. Results also showed that isobutyl lithium was more active in the addition reaction than n‐butyl lithium, because of inductive effect. The optimum molar ratio of THF/Li+ was determined as 4. The THF containing difunctional organolithium cyclohexane solution was sequentially used in the step‐wise polymerization of triblock thermoplastic copolymer SIBS. The so‐prepared SIBS shared the similar phase separation structure with SBS and exhibited excellent mechanic properties. As the content of the central polyisoprene block increases, the tensile strength of the copolymer is decreased, and the elongation at break is increased. The glass transition temperature Tg of the central block was correlated with its content as Tg = 0.33 × −62.81, where × is the wt % of the central block, based on the triblock copolymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1395–1402, 2006
Separation characteristics of acetic acid–water mixtures using poly(vinyl alcohol‐g‐4‐vinyl pyridine) membranes by pervaporation and temperature difference evapomeation techniques
Authors: Asman Gülsen , Şanlı Oya 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe separation of acetic acid–water mixtures was carried out using pervaporation (PV) and temperature difference evapomeation (TDEV) methods. For the separation process, 4‐vinyl pyridine was grafted on poly(vinyl alcohol). Membranes were prepared from the graft‐copolymer by casting method and crosslinked by heat treatment. The effects of feed composition on the separation characteristics were studied and the performances of the separation methods were compared. Permeation rates were found to be high in PV whereas separation factors were high in TDEV method. Membranes gave permeation rates of 0.1–3.0 kg/m2h and separation factors of 2.0–61.0 depending on the composition of the feed mixture and the method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1385–1394, 2006
The reaction in water of UF resins with isocyanates at short curing times: A 13C NMR investigation
Authors: Wieland S. , Pizzi A. , Hill S. , Grigsby W. , Pichelin F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCP MAS 13C NMR spectra of hardened resins have shown that urethane bridges derived from the reaction of the isocyanate group with the hydroxymethyl group of urea do form even at fast curing times comparable to what was used in the wood panels industry, in lower proportions than what was shown earlier. Polyureas and biurets obtained from the reaction of isocyanate with water are the predominant crosslinking reactions of pMDI alone and in UF/pMDI resin systems under fast curing conditions. Residual, unreacted isocyanate groups in the hardened network are consistently observed. Their proportion markedly decreases when the original proportion of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin is high and that of pMDI is low. Under these fast curing conditions, the UF resin appears to self‐condense through an unusually high proportion of methylene ether links rather than methylene bridges alone. A marked proportion of residual, unreacted hydroxymethyl groups is also noticeable, initially, in the UF self‐condensation network. Direct NMR tests on thin hardboard bonded under fast pressing conditions with different proportions of UF/pMDI confirmed that crosslinking due to polyureas and biurets formation are predominant in the crosslinking of pMDI when alone and in UF/pMDI resin systems. They confirmed that residual, unreacted isocyanate groups are present in the finished panel. Their proportion is higher when the proportion of pMDI in the system is high. The presence or absence of urethanes could not be confirmed directly on the panels as the relevant peaks are masked by the wood carbohydrates signals of wood cellulose and hemicelluloses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1624–1632, 2006
Hydroxymethylation and polycondensation reactions in urea–formaldehyde resin synthesis
Authors: Christjanson Peep , Pehk Tõnis , Siimer Kadri 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFormaldehyde–urea (F/U) reaction products with molar ratios of 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 were synthesized at pH 8.3, and the last one also at pH 4.5 using 45% formaldehyde aqueous solution. For obtaining the resin, the synthesis of F/U 2.1 was continued by acid‐catalyzed condensation at pH 4.5 and posttreatment with second part of U (F/U 1.05/1) at 70°C and pH 8.3. The products were analyzed using 13C‐NMR spectrometry. Higher excess of F increases the dihydroxymethyl content on account of smaller dimethylene ether content. Certain 13C chemical shifts in carbonyl and methylene region of spectra were assigned to trishydroxymethylurea, being the main trisubstituted urea compound in hydroxymethylated product. Acid catalyst promotes the formation of methylene groups by polycondensation of hydroxymethyl groups, against the background of similar content of dimethylene ethers in both catalytic conditions. The ratio of linear/branched chains is emphasized in characterizing the resin structure. Higher hydroxymethyl content in acid‐catalyzed polycondensation is an advantage of three‐step synthesis technology. The amount of binding methylene and dimethylene ether groups linked only to secondary amino groups can be increased by transhydroxymethylation with subsequent polycondensation in posttreatment with U in suitable reaction conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1673–1680, 2006
Reactions of copper ions with amines in the presence of self‐assembled fluorinated oligomeric aggregates
Authors: Sawada Hideo , Furukuwa Rika , Sasazawa Kazuo , Toriba Ken‐Ichi , Ueno Katsuya , Hamazaki Kazuo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCopper acetylacetonate reacted with N,N‐diethylmethylamine and 4,4′‐thiobis(6‐t‐butyl‐o‐cresol) in the presence of self‐assembled fluorinated oligmeric aggregates formed by fluoroalkyl end‐capped 2‐[3‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐hydroxyphenyl]ethyl methacrylate–N,N‐dimethylacrylamide cooligomer [RF–(BTRI)x–(DMAA)y–RF; RF = CF(CF3)OCF2CF(CF3)OC3F7] to afford stable fluorinated aggregates–copper ions nanocomposites. These fluorinated oligomeric aggregates–copper ions nanocomposites thus obtained were applied to the dispersion of copper ions nanocomposites above the traditional organic polymeric materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface. On the other hand, copper (II) chloride reacted with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of fluorinated oligomeric aggregates formed by fluoroalkyl end‐capped N,N‐dimethylacrylamide homooligomer to afford stable copper nanoparticles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1328–1334, 2006
Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon, south‐east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management
Authors: Saunders Krystyna M. , Mcminn Andrew , Roberts Donna , Hodgson Dominic A. , Heijnis Henk 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Many coastal lagoons in eastern Australia have changed as a result of recent human activities. However, it is often difficult to determine the extent of change and the ecological implications. A palaeoecological approach allows a quantitative assessment of how an aquatic ecosystem changes and responds to human impacts beyond what is possible with historical data or monitoring programmes.
Orielton Lagoon (south‐east Tasmania, Australia) is a Ramsar‐listed coastal wetland of international importance for conservation. This study was undertaken at the site to determine whether recent anthropogenic hydrological modifications to the lagoon had influenced its ecology, particularly salinity, and compromised its Ramsar status.
A diatom–salinity transfer function was constructed from a training data set of 96 diatom taxa from 34 sampling sites in 19 lagoons along the east coast of Tasmania.
The salinity of Orielton Lagoon has changed in response to a causeway constructed across its mouth, which has transformed the lagoon from an open marine environment to an enclosed, virtually stagnant, brackish water body.
These changes have compromised the protected coastal wetland status of Orielton Lagoon. Environmental remediation attempts have since partially restored the natural hydrology of the lagoon and it is now returning towards the state it was in prior to causeway construction.
A palaeoecological approach using diatoms was found to be successful in reconstructing recent salinity changes and investigating human impacts on Orielton Lagoon over the last 50–55 years.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acquired resistance to chloroquine in human CEM T cells is mediated by multidrug resistance–associated protein 1 and provokes high levels of cross‐resistance to glucocorticoids
Authors: Oerlemans Ruud , van der Heijden Joost , Vink Josefien , Dijkmans Ben A. C. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Lems Willem F. , Scheffer George L. , Ifergan Ilan , Scheper Rik J. , Cloos Jacqueline , Assaraf Yehuda G. , Jansen Gerrit 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the onset and molecular mechanism of resistance to the antimalarial disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) chloroquine (CQ) in human CEM T cells.MethodsHuman CEM cells were used as an in vitro model system to study the development of CQ resistance by growing cells in stepwise increasing concentrations of CQ.ResultsOver a period of 6 months, CEM cell lines developed 4–5‐fold resistance to CQ. CQ resistance was associated with the specific overexpression of multidrug resistance–associated protein 1 (MRP‐1), an ATP‐driven drug efflux pump. This was illustrated by 1) overexpression of MRP‐1 by Western blotting and 2) the complete reversal of CQ resistance by the MRP‐1 transport inhibitors MK571 and probenecid. Importantly, CQ‐resistant CEM cells retained full sensitivity to other DMARDs, including methotrexate, leflunomide, cyclosporin A, and sulfasalazine, but exhibited a high level of cross‐resistance (>1,000‐fold) to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The mechanistic basis for the latter was associated with aberrant signaling via the cAMP–protein kinase A pathway, since the cAMP‐inducing agent forskolin reversed dexamethasone resistance. Finally, CQ‐resistant CEM cells displayed a markedly reduced capacity to release proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α) and chemokines (interleukin‐8).ConclusionInduction of overexpression of the multidrug resistance efflux transporter MRP‐1 can emerge after long‐term exposure to CQ and results in CQ resistance and collateral resistance to dexamethasone. These findings warrant further detailed investigations into the possible role of MRP‐1 and other members of the superfamily of drug efflux pumps in diminishing the efficacy of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Interleukin‐1 in combination with oncostatin M up‐regulates multiple genes in chondrocytes: Implications for cartilage destruction and repair
Authors: Barksby H. E. , Hui W. , Wappler I. , Peters H. H. , Milner J. M. , Richards C. D. , Cawston T. E. , Rowan A. D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the genes up‐regulated by interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in combination with oncostatin M (OSM) in chondrocytes that may be involved in mechanisms of cartilage repair and degradation.MethodsGene microarray and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments were performed using RNA from SW1353 chondrocytes and primary human articular chondrocytes. Sections prepared from murine joints, injected with adenovirus vectors overexpressing IL‐1 and/or OSM, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for selected proteins.ResultsThe combination of IL‐1 and OSM markedly up‐regulated the expression of various genes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and genes involved in signal transduction. Real‐time PCR confirmed a synergistic induction of several MMPs, activin A, pentraxin 3 (PTX‐3), and IL‐8. The in vivo findings further indicated that stimulation with IL‐1 plus OSM induced protein expression of activin A, PTX‐3, and KC (the murine homolog of IL‐8), as compared with the changes induced by individual cytokine treatment and unstimulated controls.ConclusionThe results confirm that the potent proinflammatory cytokine combination of IL‐1 plus OSM synergistically and coordinately up‐regulates many genes and several MMPs. Moreover, chondrocytes exhibit a potential repair response following this procatabolic stimulus such that the repair mechanisms are ultimately overwhelmed by degradative processes in the cartilage. This gene‐profiling study provides insight into the complex processes that mediate joint disease in the inflammatory arthritides through the coordinated expression of multiple genes.
Validity, factor structure, and clinical relevance of the AUSCAN osteoarthritis hand index
Authors: Allen Kelli D. , Jordan Joanne M. , Renner Jordan B. , Kraus Virginia B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe Australian/Canadian (AUSCAN) Osteoarthritis Hand Index is a self‐report assessment of pain, stiffness, and function in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA). Small studies have confirmed the reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of this measure, but the factor structure has not been examined. In this study, we examined the clinimetric properties and clinical relevance of the AUSCAN index in a large sample of patients with familial hand OA.MethodsThe study group comprised 700 patients (80% female, mean age 69 years) who were part of a study on the genetics of generalized OA. All patients had radiographic hand OA bilaterally. The analyses examined internal consistency, factor structure, and relationships of the subscales to grip and pinch strength and a single‐item pain measure.ResultsInternal consistency was high for the total AUSCAN index and the subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.93–0.96). The AUSCAN function subscale had the strongest correlation with grip and pinch strength, and the pain subscale had the strongest correlation with the single‐item pain measure, thus supporting the construct validity of these subscales. Factor analysis showed that all pain and function items clearly loaded on the subscale they were intended to measure. Each 1‐unit increase in the AUSCAN function subscale was associated with a clinically relevant decrease in hand strength.ConclusionThe results of this study strongly confirm the clinimetric properties of the AUSCAN index, including the validity of specific subscales. Results indicate that the AUSCAN index can measure meaningful changes in pain, stiffness, and function.
PYPAF1 nonsense mutation in a patient with an unusual autoinflammatory syndrome: Role of PYPAF1 in inflammation
Authors: Jéru I. , Hayrapetyan H. , Duquesnoy P. , Sarkisian T. , Amselem S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo gain insight into the pathophysiology of an unusual autoinflammatory syndrome, in a patient of Armenian origin, that mimicked familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) but with episodes triggered by generalized exposure to cold, and to further elucidate the controversial function of the protein encoded by PYPAF1, whose mutations (exclusively missense to date) have been identified in 3 hereditary recurrent fever syndromes.MethodsThe patient's DNA was screened for mutations in both MEFV, the gene responsible for FMF, and PYPAF1. The ability of different recombinant PYPAF1 isoforms, expressed in HEK 293 cells, to regulate NF‐κB signaling was subsequently assessed.ResultsNo disease‐causing mutation was found in MEFV. However, a nonsense mutation (p.Arg554X) was identified in PYPAF1; this defect resulted in a truncated protein lacking all leucine‐rich repeats. Study of the wild‐type and mutant PYPAF1 recombinant proteins revealed that PYPAF1 inhibited NF‐κB proinflammatory pathways, and that the identified nonsense mutation impaired this property.ConclusionThese molecular and clinical findings, together with the clinical manifestations in the patient, which call into question the current nosology of the hereditary recurrent fever syndromes, are consistent with the hypothesis that PYPAF1 acts as an inhibitor of NF‐κB signaling. They also provide a clear elucidation of the functional consequences of this nonsense PYPAF1 mutation not previously described in the literature, which result in a partial loss of function and may thereby explain the pathophysiology of the autoinflammatory syndrome observed in this patient.
PUMA regulation and proapoptotic effects in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Cha Hoon‐Suk , Rosengren Sanna , Boyle David L. , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveAlthough p53 is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST), few synoviocytes undergo apoptosis. This could be partly due to low expression of proapoptotic genes. Deficient p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), which is a major effector of p53‐mediated cell death, could contribute to this phenomenon. To evaluate a method to induce apoptosis, the expression and function of PUMA was investigated in ST and cultured fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS).MethodsPUMA expression in ST was measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Ad‐p53 and plasmids encoding hemagglutinin‐tagged, full‐length PUMA expression vector (HA‐PUMA), PUMA lacking the Bcl‐2 homology 3 domain, or pCEP4 were used to transfect FLS. Apoptosis was quantified by trypan blue exclusion, DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3 activation.ResultsPUMA protein was detected in RA ST, although most of the immunoreactive protein was localized to sublining cells rather than the intimal lining synoviocytes. Western blot analysis showed no difference between RA ST and osteoarthritis (OA) ST. PUMA messenger RNA was detected in RA and OA ST, although the amounts were markedly lower than in the spleen and FLS. To determine if PUMA was inducible, FLS were transduced with Ad‐p53. Even though p53 protein was produced and p21 expression was increased, PUMA expression was not enhanced. Consistent with this observation, Ad‐p53 did not induce apoptosis in FLS. However, HA‐PUMA transfection into FLS resulted in rapid apoptosis with the activation of caspase 3.ConclusionPUMA can induce apoptosis by FLS and represents a potential target in RA.