bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIK-333 inhibits growth of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected T-cell lines and adult T-cell leukemia cells in association with blockade of nuclear factor-κB signal pathway
Authors: Okudaira Taeko , Tomita Mariko , Uchihara Jun-Nosuke , Matsuda Takehiro , Ishikawa Chie , Kawakami Hirochika , Masuda Masato , Tanaka Yuetsu , Ohshiro Kazuiku , Takasu Nobuyuki , Mori Naoki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and remains incurable. NIK-333, a novel synthetic retinoid, prevents the recurrence of human hepatoma after surgical resection of primary tumors. We explored the effects of NIK-333 on HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines and ATL cells. NIK-333 inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1 arrest, and resulted in massive apoptosis in all tested HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines and ATL cells, whereas little effect was observed on normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. NIK-333 treatment decreases the levels of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cIAP2, and XIAP proteins. Further analysis showed that NIK-333 inactivated nuclear factor-κB in HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines. In animal studies, treatment with NIK-333 (100 mg/kg given orally every other day) produced partial inhibition of growth of tumors of a HTLV-I-infected T-cell line transplanted s.c. in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Our results indicate that NIK-333 is a potentially useful therapeutic agent for patients with ATL. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(3):704–12]
Inhibition of Akt survival pathway by a small-molecule inhibitor in human glioblastoma
Authors: Koul Dimpy , Shen Ruijun , Bergh Sherry , Sheng Xiaoyang , Shishodia Shishir , Lafortune Tiffany A. , Lu Yiling , de Groot John F. , Mills Gordon B. , Yung W.K. Alfred 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and Akt are important regulators of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and thus are important to the regulation of a wide spectrum of tumor-related biological processes. Akt regulates several critical cellular functions, including cell cycle progression; cell migration, invasion, and survival; and angiogenesis. Decreased expression of PTEN and overexpression of the Akt proto-oncogene, which is located downstream of PI3K, have been shown in a variety of cancers, including glioblastoma. Novel small-molecule inhibitors of receptors and signaling pathways, including inhibitors of the PI3K pathway, have shown antitumor activity, but inhibitors of Akt have not been examined. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that the pharmacologic inhibition of Akt has an antiproliferative effect on gliomas. We showed that two newly developed Akt inhibitors, KP-372-1 and KP-372-2 (herein called KP-1 and KP-2), effectively inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. KP-1 and KP-2 blocked both the basal and epidermal growth factor–induced phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 at 125 and 250 nmol/L, which, in turn, reduced the activation of intracellular downstream targets of Akt, including GSK-3β and p70s6k. Furthermore, the treatment of U87 and U251 glioma cells with 125 to 250 nmol/L KP-1 and KP2 for 48 hours inhibited cell growth by ∼50%. This decrease in cell growth stemmed from the induction of apoptosis. Collectively, these results provide a strong rationale for the pharmacologic targeting of Akt for the treatment of gliomas. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(3):637–44]
Spectrum of activity and molecular correlates of response to phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues, novel lipid-based inhibitors of Akt
Authors: Gills Joell J. , Holbeck Susan , Hollingshead Melinda , Hewitt Stephen M. , Kozikowski Alan P. , Dennis Phillip A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a promising target in cancer. We previously identified five phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (PIA) that inhibited Akt activation and selectively killed lung and breast cancer cells with high levels of Akt activity. To assess the spectrum of activity in other cell types and to compare PIAs with other inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, we compared growth inhibition by PIAs against the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in the NCI60 cell line panel. Although each of these compounds inhibited the growth of all the cell lines, distinct patterns were observed. The PIAs were the least potent but the most cytotoxic. The broad spectrum of activity of PIAs was confirmed in vivo in hollow fiber assays. The response to PIAs was significantly correlated with levels of active but not total Akt in the NCI60, as assessed using COMPARE analysis. However, a number of molecular targets were identified whose expression was more highly correlated with sensitivity to PIAs than active Akt. Expression of these molecular targets did not overlap with those that correlated with sensitivity to LY294002, wortmannin, or rapamycin. A COMPARE analysis of the National Cancer Institute chemical screening database revealed that the patterns of activity of PIAs correlated best with patterns of activity of other lipid-based compounds. These studies show that although PIAs are widely active in cancer cells, which correlates with the presence of its intended target, active Akt, PIAs are biologically distinct from other known inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(3):713–22]
Female size shows similar trends in all clades of the phylum Nematoda
Authors: Yeates Gregor W. , Boag Brian 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
To seek unifying principles underlying adult body size in the phylum
Nematoda, the volume of females of 3150 nematode species in 186 genera has
been calculated from published length and diameter information; genera are
grouped using the rDNA-based clades of De Ley et al. While the mass of
females in some of the clades overlap, there are usually distinct
differences within any particular clade between those nematodes that exist
in living substrates and those that do not, the latter invariably being
smaller. In all five clades (but not Chromadorida) the ability for females
to achieve relatively great size is normal, but diminutive females are known
from most clades and habitats. Bacterial feeding is common in females in
non-living substrates and related females in living substrates, which may
represent alternate generations, are often larger. If both groups of females
are bacterial feeding it would help to understand the conundrum of whether
those in living substrates are larger because they utilise better physical
conditions or are larger because they are required to produce more
propagules. Female body volume has previously been successfully used in
zoogeography and further investigations may include not only adult volume
but also address the question of stage-to-stage growth for which earlier
studies revealed a paucity of data. This survey of the phylum has not been
controlled for phylogeny, apart from the use of clades, and detailed studies
could be made within clades. In particular, the effect of substrate,
controlled through using species with alternate life cycles, should be
tractable.
On some selachinematid nematodes (Chromadorida: Selachinematidae) deposited in the collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Authors: Tchesunov Alexei V. , Okhlopkov Jury R. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A review and descriptions are given of some new or poorly known species of
the family Selachinematidae mounted in glycerin on slides deposited in the
nematode collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History,
Washington DC, USA, namely: Cheironchus vorax; C. conicaudatus sp. n.; C.
dactylocaudatus sp. n.; Gammanema uniformis (Cobb, 1920) comb. n., and
Synonchiella hopperi. All species were found along the Atlantic coast of the
USA. Species of the genus Cheironchus are characterised by details of the
mandibles that may be significant for species discrimination within the
genus. Three closely related species (Cheironchus vorax, C. paravorax and C.
conicaudatus sp. n.) share a similar form, the mandibles consisting of an
arm and two lateral palms with tiny hooks. The mandibles differ from one
another in the presence/absence of a denticulate crest and in the number of
palm hooks. The fourth species, C. dactylocaudatus sp. n., differs from the
other three species by having vestigial mandibles devoid of palm hooks,
presence of cheilostomatal sclerotisations and a tail with a posterior
cylindrical portion. All three Cheironchus species studied possess
extra-pharyngeal, longitudinal musculature around the anterior widening of
the pharynx. This musculature evidently acts to protrude the mandibles
beyond the oral aperture. An emended diagnosis of the genus Cheironchus is
provided. Gammanema uniformis comb. n. is recorded and described for the
first time since the original publication under the name Trogolaimus
uniformis Cobb, 1920. The genus Trogolaimus is regarded as a junior synonym
of Gammanema. Synonchiella hopperi is redescribed with a brief discussion of
its unique feature – an unpaired copulatory spicule.
Fertiliser use efficiency of soybean cultivars infected with Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus penetrans
Authors: Melakeberhan Haddish 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe most appropriate use of fertilisers to offset damage caused by nematode infestations can benefit greatly from determining fertiliser use efficiency (FUE). FUE is defined as increase in host productivity and/or decrease in nematode population density in response to a given fertiliser treatment. This study describes new and integrated approaches to identify FUE in nematode-infected plants. In two consecutive experiments, Heterodera glycines-resistant 'Bryan', susceptible-tolerant 'G88-20092', and susceptible-intolerant 'Tracy M' soybean cultivars were inoculated with 0 or 15 000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita or mixed stages of Pratylenchus penetrans per 800 cm3 of sandy loam soil and maintained under glasshouse conditions (28 ± 2°C) for 25 and 26 days. Plants received 83 ± 21 and 89 ± 19 ml either full-strength Hoagland solution (HS), HS without N (HS-N), or tap water daily in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Photosynthesis and nematode population dynamics were chosen to test FUE because the relationship between these two parameters, for the most part, determines the outcome of crop yield in the presence of nematodes. Although the FUE varied by fertiliser source, cultivar and nematode, the data were conclusive in identifying the interactions. FUE was high for photosynthesis in all three cultivars, and more so in HS than in HS-N. FUE was high for suppressing population densities of both nematodes and increasing photosynthesis in cv. Tracy M and for M. incognita in cv. G88-20092. Fertiliser application against P. penetrans in cv. Bryan was unproductive because nematode population density increased. FUE for P. penetrans in cv. G88-20092 and for M. incognita in cv. Bryan was less conclusive because there was some increase in nematode population density. Overall, these new approaches to identifying FUE for host productivity in the presence of nematodes provide quantitative data that should be of great interest to plant breeders, soil scientists, agronomists and plant protection specialists.
Description of Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a root-lesion nematode associated with the dune grass Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link
Authors: de la Peña Eduardo , Moens Maurice , van Aelst Adriaanvan , Karssen Gerrit 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n., is described and
illustrated from Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, a grass occurring abundantly
in coastal dunes of Atlantic Europe. The new species is characterised by
medium sized (454-579 μ m) slender, vermiform, females and males having two
lip annuli (sometimes three to four; incomplete incisures only visible with
scanning electron microscopy), medium to robust stylet (ca 16 μ m) with
robust stylet knobs slightly set off, long pharyngeal glands (ca 42 μ m),
lateral field with four parallel, non-equidistant, lines, the middle ridge
being narrower than the outer ones, lateral field with partial areolation
and lines converging posterior to the phasmid which is located between the
two inner lines of the lateral field in the posterior half of the tail,
round spermatheca filled with round sperm, vulva at 78% of total body length
and with protruding vulval lips, posterior uterine sac relatively short (ca
19 μ m), cylindrical tail (ca 33 μ m) narrowing in the posterior third with
smooth tail tip and with conspicuous hyaline part (ca 2 μ m). Males occur
abundantly and present similar characteristics except for smaller dimensions
for all morphological characters, but the head region is more truncated in
outline than the female, spicule length is ca 15 μ m and testis length is ca
195 μ m. Nucleotide sequences of the rDNA expansion region D2D3 differed
from the morphologically similar species P. penetrans and P. brzeskii that
also occur in coastal dunes. These differences are supported by PCR-RFLP of
the ITS-rDNA. Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n. was also found parasitising roots
of Elymus farctus Viv.
Evaluation of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 for the biological control of the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood
Authors: Kiewnick Sebastian , Sikora Richard A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The egg-pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (PL215) was
investigated under different temperature regimes for biocontrol activity
against the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Biocontrol
activity by PL251 was affected by temperature and initial nematode inoculum
density. At 20/23°C (night/day) control efficacy reached 71% at a high
inoculum density of 10 000 eggs and juveniles (E + J) per 500 cm3 compared
to 65% control at the lower inoculum density (5000 E + J/500 cm3). By
contrast, average efficacy was 5% and 46% at low and high inoculum levels,
respectively, when temperatures were between 19°C and 21°C (night/day). A
significant interaction between the factors inoculum density and treatment
with PL251 was observed at low temperatures, when only few M. hapla galls
and egg masses developed after inoculation with 5000 E + J/500 cm3. When the
temperature was favourable for the fungal parasite (25°C), efficacy reached
90%. In glasshouse experiments with unfavourable temperatures for M. hapla
development (25°C-33°C), tomato plants repeatedly treated with PL251 showed
significantly higher fruit yield (23-102%).
Effect of fungus inoculation on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Maehara Noritoshi , Tsuda Kaku , Yamasaki Michimasa , Shirakikawa Shinsuke , Futai Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
To confirm the effects of wood-inhabiting fungi on the number of pine wood
nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) carried by the Japanese pine sawyer
(Monochamus alternatus), we attempted to change the mycoflora and also to
prevent blue-stain fungi, the main food source fungi of the nematodes, from
spreading throughout pine wilt-killed Pinus densiflora wood by inoculating
12 other fungi into the dead logs. Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, and
Verticillium sp. inoculation treatments tended to decrease the number of the
nematodes carried by the beetles. These fungi were more or less antagonistic
to the blue-stain fungus Ophiostoma minus, and Trichoderma sp. 2 and
Trichoderma sp. 3 grew faster than O. minus on four kinds of media.
Effects of plant phenylpropanoid pathway products and selected terpenoids and alkaloids on the behaviour of the plant-parasitic nematodes Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Wuyts Nathalie , Swennen Rony , De Waele Dirk 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPlants produce a wide range of biologically active chemicals which have been extensively explored for nematode-antagonistic properties. Although phenylpropanoids are part of the chemical defence system of plants against pests and diseases, including parasitic nematodes, no comprehensive study exists which relates (levels of) phenylpropanoid compounds in roots to actual effects on nematode behaviour. Therefore, a broad spectrum evaluation was made of the effects of phenylpropanoids (simple phenolics and flavonoids) and selected monoterpenoids and alkaloids on the behaviour of the migratory endoparasites Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus penetrans and the sedentary endoparasite Meloidogyne incognita. In vitro bioassays assessed effects on chemotaxis, motility, viability and hatch. Compared with the other two nematode species, P. penetrans was remarkably insensitive to the test compounds. Only phloretin was (limited) hatch inhibitive. This property was shared by other chalcone-related compounds for R. similis. Repellents and motility inhibitors for R. similis and M. incognita were found among the simple phenolic compounds. Flavonols stood out as repellent compounds for both these nematode species, while they were, in their degraded form, also motility inhibitors for M. incognita. Dopamine was an attractant for R. similis, while ferulic acid was strongly motility inhibitive and toxic (LC50 of 120 μg ml−1) for this nematode species. Salicylic acid was a strong attractant for M. incognita. The compound was also nematicidal (LC50 of 46 μg ml−1) and an irreversible inhibitor of hatch.
Rhaptothyreus typicus Hope & Murphy, 1969 (Nematoda: Rhaptothyreidae): an anatomical study of an unusual deep-sea nematode
Authors: Miljutin Dmitry M. , Tchesunov Alexei V. , Hope Duane W. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Descriptions are given for the males of Rhaptothyreus typicus, a
morphologically unique and incompletely investigated deep-sea nematode,
using light microscopy, TEM, and SEM. The cephalic sensilla are arranged in
two circles: an anterior circle consisting of six pairs of papilliform
sensilla and a posterior circle consisting of four papilliform sensilla. The
fovea of the giant, oblong, amphid is covered with cuticle bearing minute
perforations. The actual amphidial aperture, revealed only by TEM, is minute
and slitlike. The apical oral aperture is reduced to a simple pore and the
vestigial pharynx is devoid of an internal lumen and musculature. The
mid-gut is a trophosome consisting of a solid mass of irregularly-shaped
cells filled with rod-shaped structures that are assumed to be intracellular
symbiotic bacteria. There is no evidence of even a vestige of a reproductive
system except for the presence of the single spiculum. The phylogenetic
relationships of Rhaptothyreus remain unknown.
Assessment of the use of high-performance capillary gel electrophoresis to differentiate isolates of Globodera spp.
Authors: da Cunha Maria José M. , da Conceição Isabel Luci P.M. , de O. Abrantes Isabel Maria , de A. Santos M. Susana N. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Capillary gel electrophoresis was used to characterise 49 Portuguese isolates
of potato cyst nematodes, three of Globodera pallida and 46 of G.
rostochiensis, and eight isolates representative of pathotypes defined for
these two species (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4 and Ro5 for G. rostochiensis and Pa1,
Pa2 and Pa3 for G. pallida). Protein extracts of four samples of 50 cysts
per isolate were separated using a Beckman eCAP SDS 14-200 kit, in a
capillary of 57 cm length and 100 μ m internal diameter and with a run time
of 40 min. Reproducible protein profiles were obtained and the isolates were
compared taking into account the relative migration time and area of each
peak recorded by the Gold Software Data System (Beckman). Euclidian
distances between isolates were calculated using peak area data and a
dendrogram was constructed according to the UPGMA method. Portuguese
isolates showed great variability and it seems that protein composition is
not related to their geographic origin. Protein profiles of each pathotype
were obtained and some of the proteins seem to be specific for each
pathotype. However, despite their common reaction to the H1 resistance gene,
Ro1 and Ro4 were not grouped together, and Pa1 was not grouped with Pa2.
Reproduction and pathogenicity of Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae, and their interaction with Radopholus similis on Musa
Authors: Moens Thomas , Araya Mario , Swennen Rony , De Waele Dirk 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The reproduction and pathogenicity of Helicotylenchus multicinctus,
Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae was studied on Musa AAA cv.
Grande Naine pot plants and microplot plants. First, separate experiments
using different inoculation numbers (between 218 and 4144) and different
exposure times (between 8 and 22 weeks) were executed in pots for each
nematode species. Helicotylenchus multicinctus suppressed root growth by
13%, comparing inoculated with uninoculated plants. In contrast, M.
incognita stimulated root growth by 6.7%, while P. coffeae had no effect on
root growth. The interaction between R. similis and each of these three
nematode species was investigated in a concomitancy experiment in pots.
Plants without concomitant species yielded the highest R. similis population
densities but did not differ from plants previously inoculated with H.
multicinctus and P. coffeae. Meloidogyne incognita was the only concomitant
species that reduced R. similis population densities. Inoculation with R.
similis affected the recovered numbers of P. coffeae albeit with large
variability. In the microplot experiment, all four nematode species except
H. multicinctus reduced the bunch weight of bananas, compared to
uninoculated plants. Pratylenchus coffeae and R. similis increased root
damage by 129 and 262%, respectively, while only the latter species
suppressed root weight with 66%.
Investigations of Globodera pallida invasion and syncytia formation within roots of the susceptible potato cultivar Désirée and resistant species Solanum canasense
Authors: Castelli Lydia , Bryan Glenn , Blok Vivian G. , Ramsay Gavin , Sobczak Miroslaw , Gillespie Trudi , Phillips Mark S. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Resistant responses to cyst nematode infection can take several different
forms at a cytological level. We recently identified several new sources of
resistance to Globodera pallida, including one derived from S. canasense
Hawkes. Here we examine invasion, migration, syncytium formation and
development of G. pallida on this source as compared with a susceptible
cultivar (Désirée). Nematodes located roots of both resistant and
susceptible plants, and invasion, migration and syncytium development
occurred as expected on cv. Désirée roots. By contrast, second-stage
juveniles (J2) invading S. canasense roots rarely induced a functional
syncytium. The few syncytia that were induced were markedly smaller than
those observed in cv. Désirée roots at the same timepoint, although they did
contain the enlarged nuclei characteristic of 'normal' syncytia. No evidence
for a necrotic response to the nematode or a developing syncytium was
observed in S. canasense roots that did not support syncytia. Second-stage
juveniles were observed at the surface of these roots suggesting that the
nematodes were either unable to invade S. canasense roots or, as is the case
for other resistance sources, that the J2 left the root soon after invasion.
The possibility that glycoalkaloids play a role in the resistance of S.
canasense to G. pallida is discussed.