bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IOL PREDICTION: AN EVALUATION OF PREOPERATIVELY DETERMINED INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER ACCURACY
Authors: DOBA C. PRIOR , O'DAY J. , RAMSAY R. J. , STEPHENS R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA retrospective survey of 612 eyes that had undergone cataract extraction and IOL implantation was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound biometry combined with keratometry using the SRK regression formula, for the preoperative prediction of intraocular lens pwoers. A mean error of +0.35 dioptre sphere (DS) (SD±0.98) was found for the series overall, with a significant (P < 0.005) difference between the distribution of postoperative refractive errors using the S.R.K. formula for IOL prediction and the use of a standard lens of 19.5 DS.The consistency of results was tested for those patients with greater or less than normal axial length. Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between axial length and postoperative refractive error and therefore does not support the adjustment of predicted IOL powers by a factor based on axial length. Statistically significant differences were found between surgeons' results, supporting the practice of A‐constant modification for individual surgeons.
THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL DEFENCE
Authors: BOURKE D. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDefence organisations provide many varied “services” to members. Litigation involving doctors includes giving reports, giving evidence in court for or against the plaintiff or defendant, appearing as a witness at inquiries, e.g. coronial inquiries, and actions against doctors, generally alleging negligence. Patients do not seek treatment with the intent of eventually commencing proceedings. What are the catalysts for a patient commencing legal action or seeking legal advice? What should the doctor do to assist his/her defence? These questions are addressed in the article.
THE EFFECT OF THE NEW ZEALAND ACCIDENT COMPENSATION LEGISLATION ON MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
Authors: POWELL G. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe New Zealand Accident Compensation Act 1972 and its amending Act of 1982 have substantially altered the attitudes of the law, the medical profession and the public, to personal injury by accident. The element of fault is removed and the uncertainty of the outcome of a claim under adversarial court action no longer exists. Rehabilitation assistance on recovery from injury as well as accident prevention measures are cited in the Act as statutory responsibilities of the New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation. Mechanisms of dealing with medical malpractice, with illustrative examples from ophthalmic practice, are described. Most such incidents are described as medical misadventure.
Disorders of calcium and bone metabolism
Authors: Evans Richard A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCalcium levels in blood are maintained within narrow limits by parathyroid hormone, acting on kidney, bone and gut. Our understanding of the mechanisms of these actions has increased greatly in recent years, for example by identification of new hormones (eg 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D) and by the study of isolated bone cells. Though most clinical disorders of calcium metabolism are now readily diagnosed and many are effectively treated, some serious problems still remain. Foremost amongst these are the early diagnosis of osteoporosis and the treatment of osteoporosis after fractures have occurred. Most disorders of calcium metabolism have ophthalmologic manifestations, sometimes troublesome to the patient, and sometimes diagnostically helpful.
Alport's syndrome and the eye
Authors: McCartney P. J. , McGuinness R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlport's syndrome comprises hereditary deafness, nephritis and ocular abnormalities. The features of Alport's syndrome are illustrated by a family with Alport's syndrome and hereditary oesophageal leiomyomatosis. The evidence that Alport's syndrome is due to a widespread basement membrane disorder is noted. Treatment of anterior lenticonus, the principal ocular abnormality, by lensectomy and intraocular lens insertion is recommended.
Blindness in leprosy—a forgotten complication
Authors: Ffytche Timothy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLeprosy remains one of the world's major blinding diseases and yet few ophthalmologists are aware of the spectrum of ocular complications. Cross‐sectional studies of the eye changes in leprosy patients, made under standardised conditions, have been carried out in 24 different leprosy centres throughout the world and the preliminary results are presented. They show that up to 20% of leprosy patients develop sight‐threatening lesions and between 5% and 7% are blind (depending on the definition of blindness). Visual impairment in leprosy needs special consideration by leprologists and ophthalmologists, not only because much of it is preventable, but also because it is a severe burden to be added to the problems of mobility and social stigma that characterise this ancient disease.
Pseudophakic retinal detachment after YAG laser capsulotomy
Authors: Tasman William 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEighteen eyes that developed pseudophakic retinal detachment after YAG laser capsulotomy were reviewed. There did not appear to be any relationship to the energy used, or the size of the capsulotomy. The majority of eyes had only one retinal break and these were located superior‐temporally two‐thirds of the time. High‐risk characteristics for post‐YAG retinal detachment included high myopia, lattice degeneration, and retinal detachment in the fellow eye.
Management of human keratomycosis with miconazole
Authors: Mohan Madan , Panda A. , Gupta S. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA prospective clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of 1 % miconazole in 85 cases of smear‐positive fungal corneal ulcers. Miconazole therapy healed 44 ulcers, thereby achieving a success rate of 64.7%. The most common organism encountered was Aspergillus followed by Fusarium, Philophora and Candida. The average healing time was found to be 22 days. The drug was well tolerated by the eye and no symptoms of ocular toxicity were observed. The findings of this study suggest that miconazole is an effective agent for the management of human keratomycosis.
Public hospital day‐case surgery in a dedicated facility
Authors: Collie Donald M. , Rait Julian L. , Galbraith James E. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe first dedicated, public hospital day‐case eye surgery unit opened in Melbourne in June 1987. This report details the mode of operation of this unit, and analyses the 218 procedures performed in the first 15 months of operation, and includes an assessment of the level of patient acceptance.
Microbial investigations in keratitis at the Sydney Eye Hospital
Authors: McClellan K. A. , Bernard P.J. , Billson F.A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe investigated 107 cases of presumed microbial keratitis amongst patients presenting to the Sydney Eye Hospital between October 1986 and August 1988 to determine the frequency of infection, the common causative organisms and those factors that predispose to corneal infection.We found that 95% of culture‐proven cases were caused by bacteria and that Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium sp, accounted for 42.5% of these cases. All bacteria (except Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacrerium chelonae) were sensitive to gentamicin.In 62.6% of cases, cultures for bacteria and fungi were negative. Retrospective review of the clinical records of these patients showed that herpes simplex virus, contact lens wear, staphylococcal marginal keratitis and recurrent erosion were important causes of keratitis in this group.
Two cases of hereditary keratoderma with congenital glaucoma
Authors: Slade Michael P. , Brooks Anne M. V. , Gillies W. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases are reported: a father and son with a new syndrome consisting of a severe congenital glaucoma associated with a form of palmoplantar keratoderma showing features of mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma. Both the glaucoma and keratoderma may be attributed to an autosomal dominantly inherited genetic mutation of a single chromosome affecting two tissues of neural crest origin, the ectodermal tissues of the hands and feet and the cranial mesenchyme from which the tissues of the chamber angle develop. Elucidation of the precise chromosomal abnormality causing these defects may help in understanding the inheritance and aetiology of glaucoma.
The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: An update
Authors: Klein Ronald , Klein Barbara E. K. , Moss Scot E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPopulation‐based epidemiologic data on the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy are important in developing approaches to preventing diabetic retinopathy, in medical counselling and rehabilitative services. The objectives of the Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy were as follows: (1) to describe the prevalence, incidence, and progression of diabetic retinopathy and its component lesions, and to determine the incidence of visual impairment in a large population‐based cohort; and (2) to determine the relationships between incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and risk factors in this cohort. Grading of stereoscopic fundus photographs was performed at the University of Wisconsin Fundus Photograph Reading Centre for photographs from both the baseline examination in 1980–1982 and follow‐up examination four years later. Insulin‐taking persons diagnosed to have diabetes before 30 years of age had the highest prevalence (71%), four‐year incidence (59%) and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (11%) while older‐onset persons diagnosed to have diabetes at or after 30 years of age and not using insulin had the lowest prevalence (39%), incidence (344%) and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (3%). These incidence data indicate that a substantial proportion of older onset diabetic people, a group previously thought to be protected from retinopathy, developed it during the four‐year interval and underscores the need for careful ophthalmologic examination.
Interaction of retinal pericytes, capillary endothelial cells and pigment epithelial cells in vasoproliferative retinopathies
Authors: Wong H. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDegeneration of intramural pericytes is the first histopathological lesion seen in diabetic retinopathy. Since pericytes from the optic nerve and brain are spared, such degeneration appears to be specific to the retinal circulation. Recent studies have shown that when retinal pericytes and microvascular endothelial cells are co‐cultured in vitro, direct contact between the two types of cells leads to the inhibition of proliferation of endothelial cells. Previously it was shown that when pericytes are cultured in the absence of microvascular endothelial cells, the cultured medium conditioned by the pericytes is actively mitogenic for retinal capillary endothelial cells. Furthermore, conditioned medium from human retinal pigment epithelial cells is also mitogenic for retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes. On the basis of these results, a new working hypothesis is proposed for the mechanism of action of photocoagulation used in vasoproliferative retinopathies.
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: Francis Ian C. , McCluskey Peter J. , Walls Ronald S. , Wakefield Denis , Brewer Janice M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of 17 patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is described retrospectively. The importance of early recognition, especially of disease involving the medial canthus and caruncular region, diagnosis by biopsy, and adequate immunosuppressive and surgical therapy, are emphasised.A detailed grading scheme has been developed and this has enabled the authors to determine the success or failure of the therapy during the active treatment period. A combined ophthalmological and immunological approach to treatment can result in a successful visual outcome of this potentially blinding disease.
An unusual case of crystalline keratopathy
Authors: BS P. Pararajasegaram MB , FRCS C. W. Barras , FRACO D. J. Coster , BS G. Mower MB 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 48‐year‐old woman developed a crystalline stromal lesion four years after a penetrating corneal graft, with few signs of ocular inflammation. An initial diagnosis of fungal keratitis was made because of the appearance of the lesion. An excisional biopsy revealed the presence of Gram‐positive cocci lying between the stromal lamellae in the posterior third of the cornea. Large numbers of Gram‐positive cocci were observed on light and transmission electron microscopy but no organism could be cultured from the biopsy. The replacement graft has remained clear over the subsequent two years.
An unusual intracerebral foreign body asSociated with eye trauma
Authors: MBBS D. Lawson , FRACO J. Glastonbury , FRACS P. Oatey 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case report is presented of penetrating orbital trauma in the driver of a motor vehicle which collided with a kangaroo. A tooth fragment from the kangaroo traversed the orbit, lodging intracranially. Management of the case is described and appropriate choice of antibiotic regime discussed.
A Review of the use of Irlen (tinted) Lenses
Authors: Cotton M. M. , Evans K. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHelen lrlen identified a syndrome defined as ‘scotopic sensitivity’ which it was claimed could be responsible for the inability of some people to read fluently and the symptoms of which could be ameliorated by the wearing of prescribed coloured lenses. The literature to date presents a confused and inconsistent picture concerning the use of the lenses. The literature (much of which is unpublished and difficult to obtain) is critically reviewed. Recent experimental evaluations of the lenses do not support the use of the lenses as a useful intervention for children with reading disabilities.
Photoscreening to detect potential amblyopia
Authors: Mash Keith , Hope Carolyn 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPhotoscreening to detect amblyopiogenic conditions is particularly applicable for the child under three years of age because conventional testing is difficult. We have designed an eccentric photoscreener that is inexpensive, easily used and requires only one diagnostic photograph. Some 231 infants and children were refracted and photoscreened and results compared in a blind study. Compliance was good and all cases of strabismus, amblyopia, and amblyopiogenic conditions were diagnosed.
Bullous keratopathy due to nonguttate corneal endothelial dystrophy
Authors: Brooks Anne M. V. , Grant Glenys B. , Gillies W. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCorneal oedema and bullous keratopathy may occur following intraocular surgery or arise spontaneously in nonguttate eyes. In some patients the fellow eye shows a relatively normal endothelial cell count with abnormal pleomorphism and polymegathism of the endothelial cells, while in others it shows a markedly lowered endothelial cell count with no evidence of corneal guttae. A survey of 17 such patients suggested the following classification.1. Nonguttate corneal endothelial dystrophy with irregular endothelial cell morphology but a relatively normal endothelial cell count occurring following surgery (eight patients) or spontaneously (four patients).2. Nonguttate corneal endothelial dystrophy with grossly reduced endothelial cell count occurring spontaneously (two patients).Three additional post‐surgical patients showed a relatively normal endothelial cell count and only mild changes in the morphology of the corneal endothelium.These findings support the presence of a nonguttate corneal endothelial dystrophy in both the spontaneous and some of the post‐surgical cases.
The effect of age and initial visual acuity on the systemic and visual prognosis of central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: D'Amato Robert J. , Miller Neil R. , Fine Stuart L. , Enger Cheryl , Quinlan Patricia , Elman Michael J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPapillophlebitis is the term that is often used to describe a central retinal vein occlusion with preserved visual acuity in a young, healthy patient. Among 194 patients with a diagnosis of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 19 patients were identified who were under 50 years of age and who had visual acuity of 6/12 or better in the affected eye. These patients retained good vision in the affected eye during the course of the disorder with 17 eyes returning to 6/6. All of these patients remained healthy over a mean follow‐up period of about four years. This group of patients was compared to a second group of 28 patients who also were under 50 years of age, but who had initial visual acuity in the affected eye less than 6/12. These patients had a variable visual outcome. In addition, they had a higher prevalence of systemic hypertension over the follow‐up period than did a group of age‐matched control subjects. An additional comparison was made to a group of 26 patients with visual acuity of 6/12 or better in the affected eye but who were over 50 years of age. Forty‐six per cent of these patients had final visual acuity less than 6/12, and they had a higher prevalence of systemic vascular disease than did a group of age‐matched control subjects.
Bone implants after enucleation
Authors: Molteno A.C.B. , ChB M.J. Elder MR 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method of preparing antigen‐free cancellous bone for use as an orbital implant is described together with the surgical technique for its use in enucleation. The results of 52 patients with follow‐up spanning 10 years is reported. In the first four years, five implants had to be removed, all due to infection following breakdown of Tenon's capsule in the early postoperative period. However, with more careful closure of Tenon's capsule, there have been no extrusions during the last six years.
Papillitis, retinal neovascularisation and recurrent retinal vein occlusion in Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis: A case report with uncommon clinical signs
Authors: MRCP Geoffrey E. Rose 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA clinical case report, illustrative of three uncommon features of ocular toxoplasmosis, is presented. The unusual signs were recurrent retinal vein occlusion, papillitis and florid disc neovascularisation.
Pterygium recurrence rate at the Princess Alexandra Hospital
Authors: Sebban Allan , Hirst Lawrence W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver two separate time periods, 136 consecutive pterygium operations in 103 patients were performed at the Princess Alexandra Hospital. These patients were evaluated for recurrence of their pterygia in a retrospective study by chart review and re‐examination. In 136 eyes there was an overall recurrence rate of 46% using a number of therapies. This study highlights the relatively unsatisfactory result of pterygium removal in a day surgery and eye outpatient department surgical setting by a number of trainee ophthalmologists, and stresses the need for a reassessment of pterygium and its treatment.
Kingella kingae endophthalmitis in an infant
Authors: Carden S. M. , Colville D. J. , Gonis G. , Gilbert G. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old girl presented with metastatic endophthalmitis. The causative organism was the Gram‐negative coccobacillus Kingella kingae. This is an uncommon organism first recognised in 1967. It has never been previously reported to cause endophthalmitis, but is associated with at least four other infective syndromes in children. Endophthalmitis is a potentially lethal and sight‐threatening disease. Kingella kingae is primarily a paediatric pathogen which fortunately responds well to antibiotics. A case study, details of the bacteriology and a table of other clinical syndromes associated with this organism seen at our institution constitute this article. (12 references)
The presence of the parasite Demodex folliculorum on the skin surface of the eyelid
Authors: English Frank P. , Zhang Guang Wen , McManus Don P. , Home Felicity A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is well established that Demodectic mites can infest the meibomian glands, eyelash and hair follicles of the eyelid. In this study, scanning electron microscopy revealed Demodex folliculorum occurring freely on the skin surface of the eyelid. This indicates some mobility and implies further vector potential. Exoskeletons from these parasites also occur on the eyelid.
The incidence and progression of lens opacities
Authors: Taylor Hugh R. , Muñoz Beatriz 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSelected clinic patients were entered into a prospective longitudinal study to assess the incidence and rate of progression of lens opacities. Ninety‐seven patients aged 15 to 88 years (median 63 years) were followed for two to 35 months (median 16 months). Lenses were photographed on a photo slit lamp and retroillumination cataract camera. Photographs were graded independently and then assessed in a side‐by‐side comparison. The incidence rate of cortical opacity was found to be 4% and for nuclear cataract between 11% and 20%. The rates of progression were 18% to 21% for cortical opacity, 14% to 16% for nuclear opacity, and 39% to 40% for posterior subcapsular opacities. These data suggest that these simple photographic means are sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in lens clarity.
The clinical features and associations of retinal emboli
Authors: O'Donnell Brett A , Mitchell Paul 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of 207 patients with retinal emboli is presented with the ocular findings andsystemic associations examined. Emboli were most frequently single, unilateral, crystalline and involved the left eye. Emboli were most frequently observed at the major retinal vascular temporal arcades and posterior pole arterioles, with 40% seen at a bifurcation and 10% at an arteriovenous crossing. Non‐crystalline emboli were more likelyto be associated with retinal pathology, such as retinal artery or vein occlusion. Carotid ultrasound was performed in 74 patients: 18% of asymptomatic subjects had internal or common carotid stenosis < 75%; 21% of symptomatic patients had stenosis >75%. In 70%, the stenosis was worse on the side of the embolus. In symptomatic patients, significant stenosis is more likely to be unilateral.
Partly reversible visual failure with methanol toxicity
Authors: Stelmach Maryla Z , O'Day Justin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMethanol is a highly toxic substance which is used as an industrial solvent and in automotive antifreeze. If accidentally ingested blindness or death may result. The case of a young woman who developed sudden onset of visual failure following ingestion of a methanol‐fortified beverage is presented. Although she failed to seek immediate medical help visual function improved. Acute changes of bilateral optic disc hyperaemia and venous engorgement were present at initial examination. She subsequently developed optic disc atrophy together with glaucomatous‐like cupping of the optic discs. The aetiology of visual failure in methanol poisoning is discussed, as are the current therapeutic guidelines in the management of acute cases.
A clinicopathological study of loop recession in strabismus
Authors: Elder MJ , Dempster AG , Molteno ACB 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis communication reports the histological structure of loop recessions of extraocular muscles from seven patients. In all cases the loops formed pseudotendons in which the typical histological structure was well established by four months. Subsequently, moulding of these pseudotendons occurred with improved alignment of collagen and decrease in vascularity. By three and a half years after the operation the pseudotendon had acquired a very close resemblance to true tendon.