bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW HLA CLASS I‐LIKE ALLOANTIGENS EXPRESSED ON BLAST CELLS
Authors: Crepaldi T. , Peruccio D. , Lecchi M. , Resegotti L. , Guerra M. Grazia , Funaro A. , Richiardi P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNew β2‐microglobulin (β2‐m)‐associated, HLA‐linked alloantigens, selectively expressed on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐activated lymphocytes, were identified using human alloantisera. Reactivity of the antisera against activated cells correlated with HLA‐A2, A10 and A28 specificities. The new alloantigens were undetectable on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, B lymphocytes and platelets using either the lymphocytotoxicity or the absorption techniques, and appeared on lymphocytes upon PHA activation, with time‐dependent kinetics. They were found on some, but not all, acute leukaemias of B, T and myeloid origin, being absent from chronic B lymphocytic leukaemias. The presence of the new β2‐microglobulin‐associated allospecificities was not correlated with the quantity of classical class I antigens present, as analysed on different cell types by flow cytometry. Thus, these antigenic determinants appear to be different from the classical HLA class I antigens and could be the human counterpart of the murine Qa system or of the second H‐2K gene.
HETEROGENEITY AND LINKAGE OF EQUINE C4 AND STEROID 21‐HYDROXYLASE GENES
Authors: Kay P. H. , Dawkins R. L. , Bowling A. T. , Bernoco D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe fourth component of complement (C4) is polymorphic in most species studied, and is encoded by a gene or genes within the MHC. In man and mouse there are two closely linked C4 and steroid 21‐hydroxylase (21‐OH) genes. Therefore we have used Southern blotting to determine whether equine C4 and 21‐OH genes are linked. C4 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was found with the enzymes EcoRI and BamHI. Comparison of the sizes of EcoRI‐digested fragments of genomic DNA hybridizing with C4 and 21‐OH probes revealed that equine C4 and 21‐OH genes are separated by no more than 13 kb. Further, there is no evidence of C4 and 21‐OH gene duplication in the horse. Segregation of ELA and different polymorphic forms of equine C4 suggest that C4 and 21‐OH genes are within the MHC. It is likely that equine MHC supratypes will provide improved markers of disease susceptibility.
DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF TWO BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CH GAMMA PSEUDOGENES
Authors: Symons D. B. A. , Clarkson C. A. , Milstein C. P. , Brown N. R. , Beale D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA bovine calf liver DNA library in λ2001 bacteriophage has been screened with a human Igγ4 heavy‐chain constant‐region gene probe. Four hybridizing clones have been identified, and the DNA sequences in two of these, which have high homology with CHγ genes, are reported here. Within the bovine sequences, four separate exons can be identified, corresponding to the three CH domains and the hinge of gamma heavy‐chain genes. Both of these genes contain atypical sequences around one or more of their exon/intron boundaries with consequent loss of splice sites, indicating that these are probably γ pseudogenes. One sequence codes for a C‐terminal peptide which matches the 18‐mer C‐terminal heavy‐chain peptide of bovine serum IgG2, the other encodes a C‐terminal peptide unknown in the bovine. These results suggest that evolutionary duplication of CHγ genes has occurred in the bovine.
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR A DEFECT IN RT1.B (I‐A) EXPRESSION BY THE BDIX RAT STRAIN
Authors: Male D. K. , Pryce G. , Butcher G. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAstrocytes, astrocytic cell lines and endothelium from BDIX rats were stimulated with recombinant interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and the expression of MHC molecules quantified using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Using the two mouse anti‐RT1.B monoclonal antibodies MRC OX4 and OX6, previously described as recognizing a monomorphic determinant on RT1.B, as well as polyvalent rabbit anti‐rat class II antisera, we were unable to demonstrate any induction of RT1.B molecules on these cells under conditions that induced RT1.B expression in all other strains tested. In contrast, RT1.D locus class II molecules, detectable by the antibody MRC OX17, are more strongly expressed in BDIX than in other strains. In experiments using BDIX lymphocytes, this serologically detected defect in RT.1B expression was confirmed using four additional mouse anti‐mouse I‐Ak monoclonal antibodies, which cross‐reacted on all rat strains tested except BDIX. It appears likely that BDIX rats lack either a structural or controlling gene required for RT1.B expression.
T CELLS DEFINE NEW ALLOANTIGENS CONTROLLED BY A GENE(S) IN THE Mls REGION ON MOUSE CHROMOSOME 1
Authors: Kimura S. , Furze J. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo different types of T cell clones which recognize Mlsb haplotype gene products were established by using mice congenic at the Mls locus. The antigens defined by these T cells showed differences not only in strain distribution but also in the restriction element for antigen recognition by T cells (i.e. Kd or Dd). The antigens appear to be expressed on various types of lymphocytes.
GENETIC COMPLEXITY OF Mls
Authors: Click R. E. , Adelmann A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFor almost 20 years, little new has been described for Mls or the products it encodes. In the present report, data is presented which indicate that either the number of loci or the number of alleles per locus that control Mls‐like products is much larger than the two‐locus model or five allele‐model presently envisaged.
Mls ALLO‐DETERMINANTS ARE RECOGNIZED IN AN MHC CLASS II ANTIGEN‐DEPENDENT BUT UNRESTRICTED FASHION BY A DISCRETE SET OF T CELLS
Authors: Macphail S. , Stutman O. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBlocking studies carried out with anti‐H‐2 class II antigen antibodies show that H‐2 class II molecules are intimately involved in the recognition of Mlsa determinants by unprimed, specifically responsive T cells. The blocking of the anti‐Mlsa response by these antibodies was not due to inhibition of IL‐1 production by H‐2 class II antigen positive macrophages. A strain analysis indicates that the response to Mlsa is regulated by H‐2‐linked genes and that this effect is exerted at the level of the stimulator cells; however, the response to Mls epitopes does not appear to be H‐2 restricted. Finally, the ability of spleen cells from Mls‐incompatible mice to induce a state of Mls‐specific, clonal deletion type tolerance by neonatal injection, shows that Mls determinants exist in qualitatively allelic forms and suggests that these determinants are recognized by specific clones of T cells.
SPECIFICITY OF ANTI‐H‐2 CLASS I ANTIBODIES INDUCED BY SYNGENEIC IMMUNIZATION WITH SENDAI VIRUS‐TREATED CELLS IS REGULATED BY THE MOUSE MHC AND VIRAL ANTIGENS. NO EVIDENCE FOR MHC‐RESTRICTED VIRUS‐ SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: Kievits F. , Van Bleek G. M. , Boerenkamp W. J. , Pla M. , Ivanyi P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn a previous study, we searched for Sendai virus (SV)‐specific antibodies that were restricted in their binding by self‐major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens. In C57BL/6 (B6; H‐2b) mice, most of the sera obtained after i.p. injections with syngeneic SV‐coated (SV+) spleen cells contained auto‐ and alloreactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies directed against H‐2 class I molecules, but no viral‐specific, MHC‐restricted antibodies.Here we report that syngeneic immunization with SV+ cells regularly induced H‐2‐specific antibodies in various mouse strains. From a total of 12 strains tested, only the B10.S (H‐2s) strain appeared to be a low responder. The immune responses are of two types: (i) mice of some strains produce autoreactive antibodies and a broad variety of alloreactive antibodies; and (ii) mice of some strains produce only narrow or widely alloreactive antibodies. Because most of the strains differ only in the H‐2 region, the patterns observed are regulated by the MHC. To locate the genes involved in the induction of H‐2‐specific antibodies more precisely, two B6 mutant strains, bml (Kb mutant) and bm13 (Db mutant), were immunized with syngeneic SV+ cells. The results suggest that the H‐2Db region plays an important role in the induction and specificity of the lymphocytotoxic H‐2 class I‐specific antibodies present in sera of H‐2b mice after syngeneic immunization with SV+ cells.
TUMORIGENIC AND METASTATIC ABILITY OF SV40‐TRANSFORMED BALB/c CELL LINES AND MHC ANTIGEN EXPRESSION
Authors: Giovanni C. De , Nicoletti G. , Re B. Del , Scotlandi K. , Prodi G. , Lollini P.‐L. , Nanni P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTumorigenic and metastatic potential were studied in relation to class I MHC expression in four different SV40‐transformed BALB/c cell lines. All the lines studied, tumorigenic or not, expressed both H‐2Kd and Dd, so MHC antigens did not seem to be involved in the control of SV40‐transformed cells' growth in vivo. Lung metastases were observed in all tumour‐bearing mice. Cells cultured after in vivo passage, obtained either from tumour tissue or from individual lung metastases, still expressed similar levels of H‐2d antigens, thus suggesting that tumour growth and metastasis do not occur through the selection of variants with altered MHC expression.
A HYPOTHESIS ON THE DUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ABH, LEWIS AND RELATED ANTIGENS
Authors: Pendu J. Le 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYABH and related antigens appeared a long time ago in the evolution of vertebrates on tissues in contact with the external environment, which suggests that the polymorphism given by these antigens might play a role in the relationships of the species with pathogens. However, they are also oncodevelopmental markers and some recent experimental data suggest that they might play a role in cell‐cell recognition at some stages of development. This type of function is difficult to reconcile with the polymorphic nature of these markers unless one considers that the glycosyltransferases necessary for the synthesis of the active structures are encoded by various members of multigene families. Some non‐polymorphic members of the families would have their expression limited in time and space during development, leading to the same antigenic patterns in every individual, and these could reappear in some tumours, while the expression of other polymorphic members (A/B/O, H/h, Se/se, Le/le), leading to a variety of antigenic phenotypes, would be expressed at later stages and remain so during the whole life of the individual. The corresponding antigens could disappear from some cancer cells. It is argued that the ABH and related antigens would have primarily been involved in cell‐cell recognition phenomena. The polymorphism would have evolved later from gene duplication under environmental pressure, the expression on erythrocytes which occurred very late in evolutionary time probably being of very little biological significance.
MAGNETIC CELL SORTING USING COLLOIDAL PROTEIN—MAGNETITE
Authors: Owen C. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMagnetic filtration of labelled cells as a way of separating leucocyte subpopulations was tested with a very simple and easy filtration device, using colloidal magnetite as the labelling reagent. In order to quantitate cell enrichment, a double label (both fluorescent and magnetic) was used, under conditions which labelled less than 10% of the cells in the initial sample. Up to 20 million cells were simply passed through a small magnetic filter with a hand‐held syringe. Depletion of labelled cells in the suspension that passed through was threefold, and enrichment of labelled cells in the wash of the filter after its removal from the magnet was approximately fivefold. Factors which limited the quality of separation are discussed. Other, more preliminary, experiments found enrichments of 15–to 30‐fold with the same colloidal magnetite and hand‐held apparatus when the cell labelling system was more selective.
IMMUNOMAGNETIC DEPLETION OF MALIGNANT CELLS FROM AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW GRAFT: FROM EXPERIMENTAL MODELS TO CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Combaret V. , Favrot M. C. , Chauvin F. , Bouffet E. , Philip I. , Philip T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYUsing experimental models with normal allogeneic bone marrow (BM) contaminated with Burkitt or neuroblastoma cell lines, and a liquid culture assay, we demonstrated that, when used in optimal conditions, the immunomagnetic depletion technique permitted a reproducible elimination of 3–4 log malignant cells. Results were very similar to those obtained with the complement lysis procedure in Burkitt lymphoma. This immunomagnetic procedure was used in 123 cases of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in children with neuroblastoma. The analysis of the cases demonstrated, first, that the procedure induced a significant loss of mononuclear cells but was not toxic for BM precursors. Delays to engraftment observed in a few patients were probably due to the combination of pejorative factors, especially the damage caused to the micro‐environment by previous heavy and prolonged chemotherapy or the double ABMT programme. Second, patients presented with profound T‐cell defect with undetectable IL2 secretion up to 1 year post‐graft but they all had normal NK functions from the first month post‐graft, these functions exceeding normal values on the second and third months post‐graft. Finally, in 20 cases, dual‐immunofluorescence staining permitted the demonstration that the autograft contained malignant cells before purging that were eliminated by the immunomagnetic depletion.
APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATED SIMULTANEOUS DOUBLE FLUORESCENCE (SDF). II. HLA CLASS I PHENOTYPING USING IMMUNOMAGNETICALLY SEPARATED T LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Laundy G. J. , Peberdy M. , Klouda P. T. , Bradley B. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA class I phenotyping was performed using T‐lymphocyte populations isolated by immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with monoclonal antibodies with specificity for CD2, CD4 or CD8. The results were compared to those obtained using density gradient‐separated lymphocytes (PBL). The typing trays were read by the automated simultaneous double‐fluorescence (SDF) technique previously established in our laboratory using an Astroscan 2100 system. The aims of the present study were to establish whether the advantages of IMB lymphocyte separation and automated plate reading by SDF were complementary and whether the results obtained by IMB‐SDF and PBL‐SDF were concordant.Similarity coefficients for paired results obtained by IMB‐SDF and PBL‐SDF varied between 0.825 using anti‐CD8‐coated IMBs and 0.914 using anti‐CD4‐coated IMBs with a consistent excess of stronger results observed with the PBL‐SDF technique. The variations observed did not result in incorrect phenotype assignment but would significantly influence a cross‐matching test.These results illustrate the feasibility of using IMB‐separated lymphocytes for HLA phenotyping by SDF.
POST‐TRANSCRIPTIONAL DOWNREGULATION OF MHC CLASS I EXPRESSION IN ONCOGENE‐TRANSFORMED CELLS IS REVERTED BY IFN‐GAMMA AND TNF‐ALPHA
Authors: Seliger B. , Pfizenmaier Klaus 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTransformation of murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts with retroviral vectors carrying the mos, myc and the Ha‐ras oncogene, respectively, was associated with a strong reduction of H2 antigen expression in the cell membrane. Analysis of H‐2K and β2‐microglobulin promoter‐driven CAT activity in these oncogenic transformants and normal NIH3T3 fibroblasts revealed unchanged promoter activity, suggesting post‐transcriptional control of MHC class I expression by these oncogenes. Treatment with IFN‐gamma and TNF‐alpha caused 2‐ to 3‐fold enhancement of H‐2K and β2‐microglobulin promoter activity, as well as a normalization (TNF‐alpha treatment) or enhancement (IFN‐gamma treatment) of H2 membrane expression. These data suggest that IFN‐gamma as well as TNF‐alpha can counteract downregulation of H‐2 genes by interference with an oncogene‐induced, post‐transcriptional block as well as by a direct enhancement of H‐2 gene transcription.
MHC‐RESTRICTED AUTOANTIGEN‐REACTIVE T CELL CLONES IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Rohowsky‐Kochan C. , Troiano R. , Cook S. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with genetic, viral and autoimmune characteristics. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a suspected target autoantigen since it induces experimental autoimmune encepha‐lomyelitis, an animal model closely resembling multiple sclerosis. The disease is mediated by Class II restricted, MBP‐reactive T cells possessing the T helper/inducer phenotype. In the present study, we have isolated MBP‐reactive T cell clones from the peripheral blood of a chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patient. The clones displayed blastogenic memory responses when rechallenged with the autoantigen and irradiated autologous lymphocytes. MBP recognition by the autoantigen‐reactive T lymphocytes was restricted by major histocompatibility complex Class II antigens. Both CD4+8−‐ and CD4–8+ MBP‐reactive T cell clones were obtained.
PROTECTION OF NEWBORN MICE FROM GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE BY MATERNAL PRE‐IMMUNIZATION
Authors: DeGiorgi L. , Matossian‐Rogers A. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAlloimmunization of BALB/c (H‐2d) female mice with allogeneic spleen cells from C57BL/6 (H‐2b) or CBA/H (H‐2k) mice protects BALB/c offspring from graft‐versus‐host disease (GVH‐D) following neonatal intraperitoneal inoculation of high doses of spleen cells respectively of C57BL/6 or CBA/H strains of mice.The mice survived GVH‐D over one year after the allogeneic inoculum 24–48 h after birth and they did not show any signs of GVH reaction nor splenomegaly. We show that this phenomenon is antibody mediated and affects the developing immune system of the foetus.Repeated immunization of virgin female BALB/c with allti‐H‐2b or anti‐H‐2k antisera (Abl) can equally abrogate GVH‐D in their newborn offspring challenged at 24–48 h after birth with allogeneic spleen cells of H‐2b or H‐2k phenotype.Our results demonstrate that protection from GVH‐D is not specific to the immunizing strain and occurs when the neonatal mice are challenged with C57BL/6 or CBA/H spleen cells. There is thus crossreactivity of tolerance against H‐2 specificities. In this study we also report on the in vitro cellular immune responses of the surviving GVH‐resistant mice and demonstrate that these responses against both the challenge and third party lymphocytes are impaired.
IMMUNOGENETIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN THYROGLOBULIN‐REACTIVE T CELL LINES AND HYBRIDOMAS
Authors: Krco C. J. , Gores A. , David C. S. , Kong Y. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe in vitro proliferative response of T cells primed with human thyroglobulin (Tg) was compared in 11 independent haplotypes on B10 background. B10.K and B10.S mice were the most responsive, whereas, with the exception of B10.PL (H‐2u, all other B10 congenics were intermediate responders. The two best responders to in vitro challenge with human Tg, of the k and s haplotype, are the same as those showing H‐2‐linked susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) with mouse Tg. Since shared epitopes on human and mouse Tgs have been shown to be thyroiditogenic by adoptive transfer studies in CBA (H‐2k) mice, the findings indicate that shared epitopes may be studied in appropriate (i.e. EAT‐susceptible) strains of mice. Therefore, we proceeded to develop methods to produce T‐cell lines and hybridomas to human Tg in B10.K and B10.S mice, test their cross‐reactivity to heterologous Tgs and their Ia restriction patterns. By using antigen‐presenting cells from recombinant strains, we identified restriction elements encoded by the I‐A subregion alone and a combinatorial molecule from the I‐AI/I‐E subregions.
VHDJH TO JH JOINING IS NOT BLOCKED IN μ‐CHAIN‐PRODUCING PRE‐B CELLS, IMPLYING THE BREAKDOWN OF ALLELIC EXCLUSION
Authors: Sugiyama H. , Komori T. , Minami Y. , Sakato N. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIntracytoplasmic μ‐positive pre‐B cells (μ+VH315− cells) transformed with Abelson virus continuously produced cells (μ+VH315+ cells) that were double‐stained by anti‐μ and anti‐VH315 antibodies which specifically recognized the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region identical or closely related to that of MOPC315 myeloma protein. Southern blot analysis indicated that the μ+VH315+ cells were generated from the μ+VH315‐ cells by the VH315·D·JH2 to a germline JH3 joining on the non‐productive VH315·D·JH2 allele, which resulted in the production of μ‐chains with variable region detectable by anti‐VH315 antibodies. Therefore, it is strongly indicated that VHDJH to JH joining is not blocked in μ‐chain‐producing pre‐B cells, and thus is free from allelic exclusion machinery.
IEF ANALYSIS OF HLA MOLECULES IMMUNOPRECIPITATED BY PUTATIVE ANTI‐CLASS I‐LIKE ALLOANTISERA
Authors: Crepaldi T. , D'Alfonso S. , Richiardi P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo human alloantisera, previously described as possibly detecting new beta 2‐microglobulin associated proteins, selectively expressed on HLA‐A2 and HLA‐A1 phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐activated lymphocytes, immunoprecipitated only molecules with the same isoelectric point as HLA‐A1 and A2 products. This result suggests that the selected alloantisera do not react with the products of an HLA class I locus different from ABC but probably recognize a new epitope arising on HLA‐A molecules upon conformational changes consequent to cell activation.
PCR‐SSO TYPING FOR DR4‐Dw SUBTYPES: APPLICATION TO UNRELATED BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT DONOR SELECTION
Authors: Clay T. M. , Howard M. R. , Bidwell J. L. , Bidwell E. A. , Raymond P. A. , Evans J. E. , Bradley B. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThirty‐seven DR4‐positive patient‐unrelated bone marrow donor pairs previously DR/DQ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typed and tested in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), have been DR4‐Dw subtyped retrospectively using sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. We found that DR4‐Dw subtyping substantially increased the accuracy of pre‐MLC matching and could potentially accelerate donor searches by avoiding unnecessary MLC tests on Dw‐mismatched donors.
DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN HLA‐DR1 (DRB1*0101) AND DR'Br’(DRB1*0103) USING SEQUENCE‐SPECIFIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES
Authors: Bidwell J.L. , Bidwell E.A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSerological identification of the HLA‐DQw1(w5)‐associated or HLA‐DQw3(w7)‐associated DR ‘Br’(DRB1*0103) allele cannot be accomplished in the presence of a second DQw1(w5)‐positive or DQw3(w7)‐positive haplotype, respectively. DNA‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis assists in identification of DR ‘Br’, though not in the presence of DR1. We describe an alternative or complementary method for identification of DR ‘Br’ using two oligonucleotide probes which target HLA‐DRB1 gene HV3 regions.