bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement skills proficiency and physical activity: A case for Engaging and Coaching for Health (EACH)–Child
Authors: Ziviani Jenny , Poulsen Anne , Hansen Carla 
Published: October 2008

Background/aim:  Supporting children's participation in health‐enhancing physical activities is an important occupational goal for therapists. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are thought to underpin and enable many activity options. This study had two goals: first, to examine the relationship between fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical activity, and second, to use this and existing evidence to inform strategies whereby children's motivation for and engagement in physical activity can be supported. Methods:  A cross‐sectional investigation of 124 children, aged 6–12 years, was undertaken. FMS were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M‐ABC) and physical activity by pedometer step counts. Results:  A weak but significant association was found between weekend physical activity and balance skills for girls. Correlations between physical activity and ball skills or manual dexterity were not significant for either gender, however, having age appropriate ball skills did result in greater but not significant levels of physical activity for all children when grouped together. Conclusions:  Findings from this study question the magnitude of the relationship between children's FMS and physical activity as measured by pedometers. If the goal of health enhancement through physical activity engagement is to be realised, it is proposed that community, occupation‐based approaches may offer more potential than skills‐based interventions at increasing activity participation. The concept of Engaging and Coaching for Health (EACH)‐Child is introduced to this end. Occupational therapists are encouraged to work collaboratively with school and community organisations to assist children to find the physical activities that best accommodate their interests, abilities and offer opportunities for lifelong engagement.
Metamorphic and cooling history of the Shimanto accretionary complex, Kyushu, Southwest Japan: Implications for the timing of out‐of‐sequence thrusting
Authors: Hara Hidetoshi , Kimura Katsumi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIllite crystallinity, K–Ar dating of illite, and fission‐track dating of zircon are analyzed in the hanging wall (Sampodake unit) and footwall (Mikado unit) of a seismogenic out‐of‐sequence thrust (Nobeoka thrust) within the Shimanto accretionary complex of central Kyushu, southwest Japan. The obtained metamorphic temperatures, and timing of metamorphism and cooling, reveal the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the complex, and related development of the Nobeoka thrust. Illite crystallinity data indicate that the Late Cretaceous Sampodake unit was metamorphosed at temperatures of around 300 to 310°C, while the Middle Eocene Mikado unit was metamorphosed at 260 to 300°C. Illite K–Ar ages and zircon fission‐track ages constrain the timing of metamorphism of the Sampodake unit to the early Middle Eocene (46 to 50 Ma, mean = 48 Ma). Metamorphism of the Mikado unit occurred no earlier than 40 Ma, which is the youngest depositional age of the unit. The Nobeoka thrust is inferred to have been active during about 40 to 48 Ma, as the Sampodake unit started its post metamorphic cooling after 48 Ma and was thrust over the Mikado unit at about 40 Ma along the Nobeoka thrust. These results indicate that the Nobeoka thrust was active for more than 10 million years.
Paleogeographic reconstructions of the East Asia continental margin during the middle to late Mesozoic
Authors: Lee Yong I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe currently available paleogeographic maps of the East Asia continental margin during the Mesozoic have been recast in the light of recent research results on sediments distributed in Korea and Japan. Both the Korean peninsula and the Inner zone of Southwest Japan exchanged sediment supply during the Middle to Late Mesozoic, suggestive of a close paleogeographic relationship between the two countries at the active continental margin setting. During the latest Middle to earliest Late Jurassic the Mino–Tamba trench was developed along the southeastern Korean peninsula, from which trench‐fill sediments were sourced and to which an accretionary complex was accreted. Lower Cretaceous quartz‐arenite clasts of the Tetori Group in the Hida Marginal Belt of Southwest Japan were derived from pre‐Mesozoic quartz‐arenite strata distributed in the southern central and east central Korean peninsula, suggesting that the Tetori Basin was located close to the central eastern part of the Korean peninsula at the time of deposition of quartz‐arenite clasts, contrary to conventional thought of far distance between the two areas based on paleomagnetic data. During the early Late Cretaceous radiolaria‐bearing chert pebbles and sands in the northern part of the non‐marine Gyeongsang Basin distributed in the southeastern Korean peninsula were derived from the uplifted Mino–Tamba accretionary complex distributed in southwest Japan, suggesting that the Mino–Tamba terrane was land‐connected with the eastern Korean peninsula. These new findings suggest that in contrast to conventional thought, the collage of tectonic blocks in Southwest Japan has assembled in post‐early Late Cretaceous time.
Dehydration of clastic sediments in subduction zones: Theoretical study using thermodynamic data of minerals
Authors: Li Ying , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Willner Arne , Tang Hong‐Feng , Liu Cong‐Qiang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPseudosections for two sediments and one basalt calculated in the system K2O–Na2O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–TiO2–SiO2–H2O for the P–T range 10 to 35 kbar, 300 to 900°C give useful insights into the amount of H2O released from oceanic crust in subduction zones. In cold subduction zones (20 kbar–300°C to 35 kbar–500°C) hydrous minerals storing 3 to 4 wt% H2O are still present in metasediments at depths of 120 km. In the same environment, metabasite releases 1 wt% H2O in the depth range 100 to 120 km, but 4.5 wt% H2O is transported to greater depths. In hot subduction zones (300°C hotter than the cold subduction zone at 100 km depth), dehydration events of metasediments in the depth range 50 to 80 km correspond to the breakdown of chlorite and paragonite. In the calculations no further water is released at greater depths because the modal content of phengite, the only hydrous mineral phase at these depths, remains almost constant. For the same P–T path, metabasite shows continuous dehydration between 40 and 80 km releasing almost 3 wt% H2O. At 120 km depth less than 0.4 wt% of H2O remains. In an average modern subduction zone (∼6°C/km) most dehydration of sediments occurs at depths of 70 to 100 km and that of basalts at depths of 80 to 120 km. Only 1.3 wt% H2O in metasediments and 1.6 wt% H2O in metabasalt has the potential to be subducted to depths greater than 120 km. The dehydration behavior of sediments concurs with the generally held idea that subduction zone fluids are most effectively transported to great depths by cold subduction. In hot subduction zones, such as those characteristic of early Earth, most H2O carried by oceanic crust is liberated at depths less than 120 km and, thus, would not contribute to island‐arc magmatism.
Fatigue crack initiation in hardened medium carbon steel due to manganese sulphide inclusion clusters
Authors: TEMMEL C. , KARLSSON B. , INGESTEN N.‐G. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTForged steel generally suffers from strong fatigue anisotropy. This anisotropy is more pronounced in standard sulphur (SS) steels (typically 0.04 wt percent) with a dense manganese sulphide (MnS) population as compared with low sulphur (LS) steels (down to 0.004 wt percent or less). Anisotropy due to MnS arises because of the flattened shape which sulphides obtain upon a forging operation. The higher grade of anisotropy in SS materials is attributed to the occurrence of sulphide clusters that are exclusive to these materials. It is shown that the prediction of fatigue limit with respect to conventionally recorded inclusion size is highly non‐conservative when it concerns cluster‐affected material, but only when the clusters are oriented perpendicular to the loading axis. Fatigue failures occurred at stresses much lower than expected. An interaction of the single sulphide within one cluster and an interaction of the clusters within the test volume are believed to cause the inferior fatigue performance.
Effect of elevated PEEP on dynamic variables of fluid responsiveness in a pediatric animal model
Authors: RENNER JOCHEN , GRUENEWALD MATTHIAS , MEYBOHM PATRICK , HEDDERICH JUERGEN , STEINFATH MARCUS , SCHOLZ JENS , BEIN BERTHOLD 
Published: October 2008

SummaryBackground:  Previous studies have demonstrated that stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV) and global end‐diastolic volume (GEDV) can be used to predict the response to fluid administration. Currently, little information is available whether application of different levels of positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP), especially in infants and neonates, affects their ability to predict fluid responsiveness. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of increasing PEEP levels on the predictive value of SVV, PPV and GEDV with respect to fluid responsiveness.Methods:  Stroke volume variation and PPV were monitored continously in 22 anesthetized piglets during changing PEEP levels (5 and 10 cmH2O) both before and after fluid loading (FL). GEDV was measured by transpulmonary thermodilution; cardiac output and stroke volume (SV) were measured by pulmonary artery thermodilution. A positive response to FL was defined as ≥15% increase in SV.Results:  Fluid loading induced significant changes in all hemodynamic variables except of heart rate and systemic vascular resistance. At PEEP 5 cmH2O, SVV, PPV and GEDV significantly correlated with volume induced percentage change in SV, whereas at PEEP 10 cmH2O, this correlation was abolished for PPV. As assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SVV and GEDV, independent of PEEP level applied, were the best predictors of a positive response to FL [area under the curve: SVV = 0.88; GEDV = 0.80].Conclusions:  In this pediatric animal model, SVV and GEDV were sensitive and specific predictors of fluid responsiveness during increasing PEEP levels.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy correlates with continuous superior vena cava oxygen saturation in pediatric cardiac surgery patients
Authors: RANUCCI MARCO , ISGRÒ GIUSEPPE , DE LA TORRE TERESA , ROMITTI FEDERICA , CONTI DANIELA , CARLUCCI CONCETTA 
Published: October 2008

SummaryBackground:  Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has a well‐proven clinical utility. A goal‐oriented treatment based on the rSO2 resulted in a significant reduction in major morbidity and in a shortening of postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. In this study, we have compared the values of superior vena cava saturation (ScvO2) continuously measured with a Pediasat catheter and the corresponding NIRS rSO2 values obtained during cardiac operations in pediatric patients.Methods:  This was a prospective observational study enrolling fifteen pediatric patients (age: 6 days–7 years) undergoing cardiac operations. ScvO2 data obtained with the Pediasat during the operation were compared with simultaneously recorded NIRS rSO2 values.Results:  One hundred and seventeen matched sets of data were obtained during the operation. ScvO2 continuously measured with the Pediasat was significantly correlated with the corresponding NIRS rSO2 values. However, there was a constant positive bias (ScvO2 values were higher than NIRS rSO2 values) of 5.6%, with a precision of 10.4%. Time‐related percentage changes of NIRS rSO2 were significantly correlated with the corresponding ScvO2 percentage changes. A decrease in ScvO2 is predictive for a decrease in rSO2 with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 85.7%.Conclusions:  The continuous measurement of ScvO2 values obtained by the Pediasat may provide useful information about the metabolic conditions of the brain during cardiac operations in pediatric patients if considered as percentage changes. Absolute values of ScvO2 tend to overestimate the correspondent rSO2 values.
Successful treatment of extensive splanchnic arterial and portal vein thrombosis associated with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Di Fabio F. , Obrand D. , Satin R. , Gordon P. H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVenous and arterial thromboembolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Arterial thrombosis of the splanchnic region is a rare event with a very high mortality rate. Furthermore, it represents a challenging complication since it tends to be overlooked and misinterpreted as a clinical exacerbation of UC. We present the case of a 62‐year‐old female with pancolonic UC complicated by an extensive arterial thrombosis involving the aorta, the celiac trunk, the hepatic, gastric and splenic arteries and the superior mesenteric artery. A thrombosis of the splenic vein extending into the proximal portal vein was also present. The patient was successfully treated by a combined interventional‐radiological and surgical treatment. We discuss the rationale behind our management of this case and review the literature on splanchnic arterial thrombosis associated with UC.
Colonic tattooing in laparoscopic surgery – making the mark?
Authors: Yeung J. M. C. , Maxwell‐Armstrong C. , Acheson A. G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective  Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is now widespread. Small lesions in the colon can be difficult to palpate and with lack of tactile sensation, it is essential to accurately localize them preoperatively. This is a review article on current methods of tattooing including the use of different agents and associated complications.Aim  To review current techniques in preoperative tumour localization and methods used for colonic tattooing including agents used, dosage and potential complications.Method  A literature search (Medline and Pubmed) was performed with manual cross referencing of all articles related to colonic tattooing.Results  Methods for localizing colonic tumours for laparoscopic resection include preoperative barium enema examination, CT colonography and intraoperative colonoscopy. The most effective method is, however, by tattooing with India ink performed endoscopically before surgery.Conclusion  India ink is a reliable method of marking tumour location within the colon as prelude to laparoscopic resection. Surgeons must, however, be aware of potential complications associated with this technique.
Morbidity and mortality after closure of loop ileostomy
Authors: Saha A. K. , Tapping C. R. , Foley G. T. , Baker R. P. , Sagar P. M. , Burke D. A. , Sue‐Ling H. M. , Finan P. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground  A temporary loop ileostomy is commonly used to protect low pelvic anastomoses. Closure is associated with morbidity and mortality. This study investigated patterns of complications after loop ileostomy closure and factors associated with morbidity and mortality.Method  A review was performed of patients who underwent loop ileostomy closure between 1999 and 2005.Results  Three hundred and twenty‐five patients underwent closure of loop ileostomy. Reasons for primary surgery were: anterior resection for cancer (n = 160, 49%), ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (n = 114, 35%), diverticular disease (n = 25, 8%), Crohn’s colitis (n = 4, 1%) and other conditions (n = 22, 7%). Overall mortality was 2.5% (n = 8) and morbidity was 22.8% (n = 74). Thirty‐two patients (10%) developed small bowel obstruction, of whom seven required operative intervention. Overall, the re‐operation rate in this series was 28 patients (8.6%).Thirteen (4%) patients had an anastomotic leak of whom 12 patients had re‐operation. Preoperative anaemia was significantly associated with leakage (Hb < 11 g/dl; n = 65, P = 0.033). The leakage rate was lower after a stapled anastomosis than a hand‐sutured anastomosis (4/203 vs 9/122; P = 0.039). Hypo‐albuminaemia (albumin < 34 g/l) was significantly associated with mortality (n = 46, P < 0.001).Conclusions  Loop ileostomy closure is associated with morbidity and mortality. Anaemia and hypo‐albuminaemia may be associated with poor outcome.
How and Why Has Teacher Quality Changed in Australia?
Authors: Leigh Andrew , Ryan Chris 
Published: October 2008

Abstract International research suggests that differences in teacher performance can explain a large portion of student achievement. Yet little is known about how the quality of the Australian teaching profession has changed over time. Using consistent data on the academic aptitude of new teachers, we compare those who have entered the teaching profession in Australia over the past two decades. We find that the aptitude of new teachers has fallen considerably. Between 1983 and 2003, the average percentile rank of those entering teacher education fell from 74 to 61, while the average rank of new teachers fell from 70 to 62. We find that two factors account for much of the decline: a fall in average teacher pay (relative to other occupations) and a rise in pay differentials in non‐teaching occupations.
Leaving Home: What Economics Has to Say about the Living Arrangements of Young Australians
Authors: Cobb‐Clark Deborah A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract Like their counterparts elsewhere, more young Australians than ever are delaying the move to establish residential independence from their parents. This paper reviews the developing economics literature surrounding young people's decisions to continue living in their parents' homes in order to begin to assess the causes and consequences of this decision. In particular, co‐residence with parents appears to be an important form of intergenerational support for young adults. It is important to understand the extent to which young people rely on this form of support as they complete their education, enter the labour market and establish themselves as independent adults. Specific attention is paid to the ways in which Australian income support, education and housing policies may influence these patterns.
Globalisation, Growth and Crises: The View from Latin America
Authors: Edwards Sebastian 
Published: October 2008

Abstract In this paper I analyse the role of openness and globalisation in Latin America's economic development. The paper is divided into two distinct parts: I first (Sections 2 to 4) provide an analysis of 60 years of the region's economic history, that go from the launching of the Alliance for Progress by the Kennedy administration in 1961, to the formulation and implementation of the market oriented reforms of the Washington Consensus in the 1990s and 2000s. I conclude that Latin America's history has been characterised by low growth, high inflation and recurrent external crises. In Section 5 I deal formally with the costs of crises and I estimate a number of variance component models of the dynamics of growth. I find that external crises have been more costly in Latin America than in the rest of the world. I also find that the cost of external crises has been inversely related to the degree of openness.
Soft authority: ecologies of infection management in the working lives of modern matrons and infection control staff
Authors: Crawford Paul , Brown Brian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of modern matrons and their work in the reduction of health care acquired infections. Based on in‐depth interviews with 10 matrons in a health care trust in the UK Midlands region, we explore how they construe their working lives and their view of the powers they have to enhance cleanliness and reduce infection. Despite claims in policy documents that modern matrons would have considerable authority, participants felt their control over the environment was limited, and could be accomplished only through reflecting, communicating and liaising. The lack of formal structures of accountability and personal authority meant that participants could be characterised as working in what Courpasson calls a ‘soft bureaucracy’. Moreover, in the light of limited power to command cleanliness, participants described their role in terms of reflexive work upon themselves and their interpersonal environment, involving self‐scrutiny of their activity, channelling information, empowering, facilitating and remodelling the emotional environment of care delivery. This aligns with accounts of the self in the workplace from Anthony Giddens and Nikolas Rose where it is seen as a reflexive project. We explore why the project of the self seems to have eclipsed the managerial role as the major focus of matrons’ work.
Mapping the field of medical sociology: a comparative analysis of journals
Authors: Seale Clive 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA comparative keyword analysis of the content of nine leading journals is used to suggest potential new directions for medical sociology. The major British and American journals in sociology and medical sociology tend to publish authors based in their own countries, contrasting with the internationalism of other social science disciplines relevant to health, althoughSociology of Health and Illnessis an exception to this. Medical sociology journals on both sides of the Atlantic focus on individual experience more than general sociology journals, which focus more on social systems levels of analysis. While journal contents reveal British medical sociology to be relatively atheoretical when compared with British general sociology journals, American medical sociology appears relatively apolitical on the same comparison with American general journals. American journals of sociology publish more quantitative studies than their British equivalents, more studies concerning race and other social divisions in American society, and less work drawing on social constructionist perspectives or that is engaged with social theory. Analysis of health and health care at societal and global levels and a deeper engagement with the political and public issues that concern non‐sociologists represents a possible future for a medical sociology that is internationally relevant and outward looking.
What are health identities and how may we study them?
Authors: Fox Nick J. , Ward Katie J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper draws together findings from studies of health and identity to develop a model of health identities, based upon Deleuze and Guattari's approach to understanding the relationship between self, body and society. The model is used to inform a methodology for the empirical study of identities in relation to health and the body. Using a sample interview transcript, the methodology of analysis is demonstrated. The application of the model and the methodology for studying health identities are discussed.