bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gender Gap
Authors: Chichilnisky Graciela 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe author explains the “gender gap” as a Nash equilibrium of a game with incomplete information about women's work at home and in the marketplace. Expectations about women's lower wages leads to the overutilization of women in the household, and this, in turn, leads to lower productivity and lower wages for women in the marketplace. The situation is rational but generally Pareto inferior. With logistic learning by doing, at high levels of skill there is a Pareto‐superior equilibrium, where men and women share efforts equally at home and receive the same pay in the marketplace, firms enhance their profits, and there is more welfare at home. Inequity at home breeds inequity in the marketplace and, reciprocally, inequity in the marketplace leads to inequity at home, causing a persistent gender gap. Appropriate contracts may be needed to implement the superior solution, since generally governments do not intervene in family matters.
A Downward‐Sloping Labor Supply Curve: The Case of Peru
Authors: Yamada Gustavo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe author finds evidence of a downward‐sloping labor supply curve for urban areas in Peru from cross‐sectional household data for 2002 and pooled data for available years from 1985 to 2000. Individuals respond to lower hourly earnings with an increase in the quantity supplied of work hours. This behavior would help to explain the increasing trend in average work hours in Peru (this average for male workers in Lima, the capital city, rose from 50.5 to 53.9 weekly hours between 1985 and 2000; meanwhile, 33.4% of workers had weekly schedules above 60 hours in 2002). Another finding is the increase in hours supplied due to pressure from the more numerous cohorts recently entering the Peruvian labor market.
Factors affecting health‐related quality of life amongst Asian patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhao Y. J. , Tan L. C. S. , Lau P. N. , Au W. L. , Li S. C. , Luo N. 
Published: May 2008

Background and purpose:  This cross‐sectional study was carried out to identify factors predicting health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst Asian patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods:  A total of 183 PD patients (mean age: 61 years, male: 68.9%) attending a tertiary neuroscience clinic in Singapore completed the English or Chinese version of the 8‐item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐8). Patients’ socio‐demographic characteristics and their clinical variables were analysed to identify factors influencing the PDQ‐8 Summary Index and responses to its eight dimensions.Results:  In the multiple linear regression model, the use of Chinese survey, higher motor score and longer duration of PD were associated with poorer overall HRQoL. The multiple logistic regression analyses showed that female patients and patients with higher Hoehn and Yahr stage were more probably to report worse emotional well‐being; patients who completed Chinese survey reported more problems with mobility, cognition and stigma; patients with higher motor scores were more probably to report problems with activities of daily living; patients with longer duration of PD were more probably to report problems with mobility, social support, communication and stigma.Conclusion:  Both socio‐demographic factors and disease‐specific variables influence HRQoL in PD patients; the effects of culture‐related factors on HRQoL should not be overlooked when assessing HRQoL in multi‐cultural settings.
Groundnut consumption frequency in Ghana
Authors: Jolly Curtis M. , Awuah Richard T. , Fialor Simon C. , Agyemang Kwasi O. , Kagochi John M. , Binns Alvin D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGroundnut (peanut) is an important food and oil crop in Ghana, but little is known about the factors influencing consumption. The study surveyed market participants; investigated the frequency and forms of groundnut consumed; and evaluated the factors influencing consumers’ decisions to eat groundnuts in Ghana. About 80% of respondents consume groundnut and/or its products at least once a week and 32.0% consume it three times a week. Logistic models showed that age, education and the form in which groundnuts are consumed influence the frequency of groundnut consumption. Total revenue and the form in which groundnut is eaten influence farmers consumption decision whereas groundnut consumption by poultry farmers is influenced by knowledge of the health effects of groundnuts on birds and the form in which groundnut is eaten by the poultry producers. Processors’ frequency of consumption is influenced by the form in which groundnut is consumed and their knowledge of reasons for sorting. The results are important for market segmentation for demand projection along the marketing chain.
Market testing of a major cassava flour product in the Accra metropolitan area*
Authors: Jumah Adusei , Johnson Paa‐Nii T. , Quayson Enoch T. , Tortoe Charles , Oduro‐Yeboah Charlotte 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe current study analyses consumer judgements about some existing as well as newly introduced brands of a processed cassava food product (fufu flour) by means of market testing. Except for colour, the respondents’ evaluation of the sensory attributes of the various fufu flours that they have consumed did not have much significant differences. Also, no significant differences in sensory attributes were identified when the fufu flour brands were compared with traditional fufu, except for hand‐feel, smoothness and elasticity. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the prices of the various fufu flour brands in comparison with the equivalent price of traditional fufu. The study finds diversification of the marketing outlet for fufu flour as a major factor that could contribute to improving the awareness of the product.
Are You Getting Enough Culture? Moving from Social to Cultural History in Eighteenth‐Century Britain
Authors: Monod Paul Kleber 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOver the past couple of decades, cultural studies have made a considerable impact on 18th‐century British history. To some extent, this has been at the expense of an older social history that was focused on the experiences of the laboring classes. Gradually, the concept of an 18th‐century ‘consumer society’ has become dominant. Studies of middle and upper class manners, tastes, and fashions have proliferated. The ‘consumer society’ model has in turn inspired further examinations of gender, national, and racial identities, in which the movement away from social history has become more pronounced. This article calls for a reintegration of historical approaches in ways that will take account of both the transforming effects and the limits of cultural history.
The Legal History of the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Miller Ruth 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOttoman legal history has traditionally been a marginal field – and Ottoman law an ambiguous study hovering at the edges of a number of methodological voids. It is like any other field in that it has seen its share of conventions established, challenged, and re‐imagined. But it is also relatively unique in that it has never assumed its own centrality. Indeed, if there has been a running theme in most legal histories of the Ottoman Empire, it is that the best way to define Ottoman law is by explaining what it is not. This article will address some of the comparative frameworks that have shaped Ottoman legal history, and discuss the ways in which these frameworks are now being re‐evaluated.
The Economic Development of Southeast Asia in the Colonial Era:c.1870–1942
Authors: Booth Anne 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe article attempts a survey of economic development in the main colonies of Southeast Asia, and the independent country of Thailand, in the decades from 1870 to 1940. These decades witnessed a rapid growth of exports and in several cases quite fast growth of national income. The article examines the links between expanded export trade, economic growth, the role of government and living standards. The article stresses the very considerable differences which had emerged in a number of economic and social indicators by the late 1930s.
A new potential AED, carisbamate, substantially reduces spontaneous motor seizures in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy
Authors: Grabenstatter Heidi L. , Dudek F. Edward 
Published: May 2008

SummaryPurpose:  Animal models with spontaneous epileptic seizures may be useful in the discovery of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of carisbamate on spontaneous motor seizures in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy.Methods:  Repeated, low‐dose (5 mg/kg), intraperitoneal injections of kainate were administered every hour until each male Sprague‐Dawley rat had experienced convulsive status epilepticus for at least 3 h. Five 1‐month trials (n = 8–10 rats) assessed the effects of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg carisbamate on spontaneous seizures. Each trial involved six AED‐versus‐vehicle tests comprised of carisbamate or 10% solutol‐HS‐15 treatments administered as intraperitoneal injections on alternate days with a recovery day between each treatment day.Results:  Carisbamate significantly reduced motor seizure frequency at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, and caused complete seizure cessation during the 6‐h postdrug epoch in seven of the eight animals at 30 mg/kg. The effects of carisbamate (0.3–30 mg/kg) on spontaneous motor seizures appeared dose dependent.Conclusions:  These data support the hypothesis that a repeated‐measures, crossover protocol in animal models with spontaneous seizures is an effective method for testing AEDs. Carisbamate reduced the frequency of spontaneous motor seizures in a dose‐dependent manner, and was more effective than topiramate at reducing seizures in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy.
Association of ABCB1 genetic variants 3435C>T and 2677G>T to ABCB1 mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue from refractory epilepsy patients
Authors: Mosyagin Igor , Runge Uwe , Schroeder Henry W. , Dazert Eike , Vogelgesang Silke , Siegmund Werner , Warzok Rolf W. , Cascorbi Ingolf 
Published: May 2008

Summary
Purpose: There is evidence from studies in rodents that P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) overexpression is implicated in the causation of refractory epilepsy. Genetic variants in the human ABCB1 (MDR1) gene were shown to affect the expression levels of the transporter in various tissues and to be associated with refractory epilepsy. However, the effect of the genetic variants on the P‐gp level in epileptogenic brain tissue is poorly investigated. In the present study, we examined the impact of putatively functional polymorphisms 3435C>T and 2677G>T in the ABCB1 gene on the ABCB1 mRNA expression and P‐gp content in human brain tissue from epileptogenic foci of the patients with refractory epilepsy.
Methods: Fresh brain tissue specimens were obtained from therapy‐refractory epilepsy patients during neurosurgery of the epileptogenic focus. We determined the ABCB1 mRNA expression in 23 samples using 5′ exonuclease‐based real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as the P‐gp content in 32 samples determined by immunohistochemistry, genotyping was performed by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Results: There was lack of association of 3435C>T and 2677G>T as well as diplotype configurations on ABCB1 mRNA expression and P‐gp content in epileptogenic brain tissues.
Conclusions: We cannot exclude an association of ABCB1 variants on P‐gp function, but our results suggest that brain ABCB1 mRNA and protein expression is not substantially influenced by major ABCB1 genetic variants thus explaining in part results from case‐control studies obtaining lack of association of ABCB1 polymorphisms to the risk of refractory epilepsy.
The prevalence of epilepsy in a rural district of Vietnam: A population‐based study from the EPIBAVI project
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , Cuong Le Quang , Allebeck Peter , Chuc Nguyen Thi Kim , Persson Hans E. , Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: May 2008

Summary A field survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of active epilepsy in northern Vietnam between January and December 2005, when members of approximately 13,000 households were screened for seizure disorders. A clinical examination of all screened positive was performed by a neurologist to verify the epilepsy diagnosis, and all epilepsy cases were offered an EEG. Out of 47,269 screened, 1,338 (2.8%) had a positive response to the questionnaire. Of these, 206 fulfilled the criteria for active epilepsy, yielding a prevalence of 4.4 per 1,000 (95% CI 3.8–5.0), higher among males (5.1) than females (3.7), among those with lower compared with higher education and among single compared with those married. Only 20.6% were seizure‐free the year before the examination. The prevalence of active epilepsy in Vietnam is similar to some other Asian countries but lower than in developing countries from Africa and South America.
Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Boudny Clara , Nievergelt Helga , Braathen Lasse R. , Simon Dagmar 
Published: May 2008

SummaryHalf of the patients with Wegener's granulomatosis develop skin lesions due to the systemic vasculitis. Wegener's granulomatosis should be included in the differential diagnostic considerations for necrotic ulcers, including leg ulcers. We present a case which demonstrates the importance of histological evaluation of a skin biopsy from the margin of the ulcer for establishing the diagnosis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with antigen specificity for proteinase 3 (PR3‐ANCA) were detected supporting the diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis. Further evaluation showed involvement of the eyes and kidneys. The ulcer rapidly healed under treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids.
Skin cancer: Follow‐Up, rehabilitation, palliative and supportive care
Authors: Ugurel Selma , Enk Alexander 
Published: May 2008

SummaryFollow‐up, rehabilitation and palliative/supportive care are essential parts of the care and treatment of skin cancer patients. This review provides an overview on the state of knowledge and recent developments in these three disciplines, hereby providing standard operating procedures for the dermatologist in the care of skin cancer patients. Especially in follow‐up and supportive care, the results of recent clinical trials have led to significant changes in the standard of care. These new insights and their consequences are the special focus of this article.
Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition
Authors: Stringer Gary A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces the second Literature Compass panel cluster arising from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006.The cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition’, Gary A. Stringer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x.‘Donne into Print: The Seventeenth‐Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry’, Ted‐Larry Pebworth, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x.‘“a mixed Parenthesis”: John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour’, M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x.‘What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes’, Paul A. Parrish, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x.
Effect of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix on proteases in wound exudate of patients with chronic venous ulceration
Authors: Smeets Ralf , Ulrich Dietmar , Unglaub Frank , Wöltje Michael , Pallua Norbert 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix (ORC/collagen matrix) modifies wound microenvironments by binding and inactivating excess levels of proteases such as elastase, plasmin and gelatinases in wound exudates. To compare levels of the gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), elastase and plasmin in wound exudates collected from chronic venous insufficiency patients with venous leg ulcers treated with either an ORC/collagen matrix or a standard control therapy. During a 12‐week treatment period, wound exudate samples were obtained from a control group of 10 patients treated with a hydrocolloid dressing and a treatment group of 17 patients treated with a combination of ORC/collagen matrix and hydrocolloid dressing. On admission and days 5, 14 and every subsequent 14th day, ulcers were photographed to determine healing rate and changes in ulcer appearance, and MMP‐2 concentration and the gelatinase, elastase and plasmin activities were analysed from wound exudates. The patients treated with ORC/collagen matrix showed a significant decrease in elastase, plasmin and gelastinase activity as compared with the control group, with no significant difference in the MMP‐2 concentrations between the two groups. The results show a significant and immediate reduction in protease activity in wound exudates from venous leg ulcers treated with ORC/collagen.
Wounds in advanced illness: a prevalence and incidence study based on a prospective case series
Authors: Maida Vincent , Corbo Mario , Dolzhykov Michael , Ennis Marguerite , Irani Shiraz , Trozzolo Linda 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA prospective observational sequential case series was studied in order to ascertain an accurate inventory of the various wound types, their point prevalence and incidence rates and their anatomic locations in patients with advanced illness. Five hundred and ninety‐three patients were serially assessed until their deaths. Forty‐three individual wound types were identified and grouped into nine distinct classes. Data were stratified between patients suffering from malignant and non malignant disorders. One thousand and thirty‐six individual wounds (average 1·8 wounds per patient) were identified at baseline. Eight hundred and ninety‐one individual wounds (average 1·5 wounds per patient) were identified between baseline and their date of death. Pressure ulcers constituted the most commonly occurring wound class affecting more than 50% of all patients. Malignant wounds were observed only in cancer patients. Baseline point prevalence for pressure ulcers, traumatic wounds, venous ulcers and arterial ulcers in non cancer patients exceeded that in cancer patients. At baseline, iatrogenic wounds were more prevalent in cancer patients than in non cancer patients. Incidence rates for pressure ulcers, traumatic wounds, diabetic ulcers, arterial ulcers and ostomies in non cancer patients exceeded those in cancer patients. The broad range of wounds along with high rates of prevalence and incidence, identified in this study, reflects that wounds represent a significant management issue for patients with advanced illness. Therefore, there exists a need for advancement in modalities and measures aimed at risk assessment, prevention and appropriate goal‐oriented management.
Topical antimicrobial therapy of chronic wounds healing by secondary intention using iodine products
Authors: Leaper David J. , Durani Piyush 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAll open wounds healing by secondary intention are contaminated by bacteria and in chronic wounds this can progress through colonisation to invasive infection. Iodine products reduce bacterial load and are active against most species of micro‐organisms, and certainly those encountered in chronic wound care. This review evaluates the use of iodine products in chronic wound care including povidone‐iodine solutions and cadexomer iodine. Antiseptics containing iodine are relatively cheap, resistance is unknown and concerns about systemic toxicity are probably overstated. More widespread use of these agents as topical anti‐microbials in chronic wound care should be considered to reduce the need for systemic antibiotics when colonisation has progressed to invasive infection with systemic signs.
A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing hydrosurgery debridement with conventional surgical debridement in lower extremity ulcers
Authors: Caputo Wayne J , Beggs Donald J , DeFede Jessica L , Simm Lisa , Dharma Hussein 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDebridement of devitalised tissue is an essential component of the effective treatment of chronic wounds. The Versajet™ Hydrosurgery System is a new technology that simultaneously cuts and aspirates soft tissue. In this study we compared Versajet with conventional surgical techniques in the debridement of lower extremity ulcers to assess impact on time and resources for debridement. Forty‐one patients with a mean age of 68 years (range 33 to 95 years) underwent surgical debridement of a lower extremity ulcer. Operating room (OR) sessions were randomised to Versajet (n= 22) or conventional debridement (n= 19) with scalpel plus pulsed lavage. Procedure time and utilisation of consumables were recorded. Wound areas were monitored for 12 weeks. There was significant evidence (P < 0·008) of a shorter debridement time (10·8 min) using Versajet over conventional debridement (17·7 min); a mean saving of 6·9 minutes (39%). In addition, a significant reduction in use of pulsed lavage and saline (P < 0·001) was observed with Versajet. Overall, clinical efficacy of the shorter debridement procedure was similar: median time to wound closure 71 days (Versajet) vs. 74 days (conventional) (P= 0·733). We found Versajet to be quicker than conventional debridement in the debridement of lower extremity ulcers without compromising wound healing. Potential cost savings were identified from the use of VERSAJET through the shorter debridement time allowing more patients to be treated in the same operating schedule.