bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel workflow control system for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry allows for unique on‐the‐fly data‐dependent decisions
Authors: Taban Ioana M. , van der Burgt Yuri E. M. , Duursma Marc , Takáts Zoltán , Seynen Marco , Konijnenburg Marco , Vijftigschild Anton , Attema Idsart , Heeren Ron M. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper a novel workflow‐based data acquisition and control system for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) is presented that facilitates a fast on‐the‐fly decision‐making process for a wide variety of data‐dependent experiments. Several new workflow implementations demonstrate the flexibility and benefit of this approach for rapid dynamic experimental design on a chromatographic timescale. The different sequence, evaluation, decision and monitoring modules are described using a selected set of examples. During a tandem liquid chromatography (LC)/FTICR‐MS experiment the system is used to dynamically switch between various dissociation techniques such as electron capture dissociation (ECD) and sustained off‐resonance irradiation (SORI) depending on the charge state of a tryptic peptide peak. The use of this workflow‐based system for imaging FTICR‐MS using a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source demonstrates the possibility of external control of the workflow by feedback from an imaging sample stage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of cytokines in mediating mechanical hypernociception in a model of delayed‐type hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: Cunha Thiago M. , Verri Waldiceu A. , Valério Daniel A. , Guerrero Ana T. , Nogueira Luciana G. , Vieira Silvio M. , Souza Danielle G. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Poole Stephen , Ferreira Sergio H. , Cunha Fernando Q. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the present study, we used the electronic version of the von Frey test to investigate the role of cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) and chemokines (KC/CXCL‐1) in the genesis of mechanical hypernociception during antigen‐induced inflammation in mice. The nociceptive test consisted of evoking a hindpaw flexion reflex with a hand‐held force transducer (electronic anesthesiometer) adapted with a 0.5mm2 polypropylene tip. The intraplantar administration of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in previously immunized (IM), but not in sham‐immunized (SI) mice, induced mechanical hypernociception in a dose‐dependent manner. Hypernociception induced by antigen was reduced in animals pretreated with IL‐1ra and reparixin (a non‐competitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR2), and in TNF receptor type 1 deficient (TNFR1−/−) mice. Consistently, antigen challenge induced a time‐dependent release of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and KC/CXCL‐1 in IM, but not in SI, mice. The increase in TNF‐α levels preceded the increase in IL‐1β and KC/CXCL1. Antigen‐induced release of IL‐1β and KC/CXCL1 was reduced in TNFR1−/− mice, and TNF‐α‐induced hypernociception was inhibited by IL‐1ra and reparixin. Hypernociception induced by IL‐1β in immunized mice was inhibited by indomethacin, whereas KC/CXCL1‐induced hypernociception was inhibited by indomethacin and guanethidine. Antigen‐induced hypernociception was reduced by indomethacin and guanethidine and abolished by the two drugs combined. Together, these results suggest that inflammation associated with an adaptive immune response induces hypernociception that is mediated by an initial release of TNF‐α, which triggers the subsequent release of IL‐1β and KC/CXCL1. The latter cytokines in turn stimulate the release of the direct‐acting final mediators, prostanoids and sympathetic amines.
Geochemistry of metavolcanics in the southern Hövsgöl area (northern Mongolia): geodynamic implications
Authors: Medvedev A.Ya. , Gordienko I.V. , Gornova M.A. , Almukhamedov A.I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The lava sequence of the Alag-Zaar-Gol River catchment (southern Hövsgöl area, northern Mongolia) is an accretionary prism composed of metamorphosed basalt and, less often, andesite alternating with siliceous tuff. The protolith of metabasalts may have formed in island-arc or ocean-island environments, and andesites were, possibly, derived from ocean-island varieties. Volcanics of different types are found coexisting within the same thrust sheets, which may be due to thrusting in the course of postmagmatic tectonic events.
The role of skeletal and nonskeletal biogenic material in the accumulation of organic matter of the Bazhenov Formation
Authors: Zanin Yu.N. , Zamirailova A.G. , Livshits V.R. , Eder V.G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Organic matter of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous highly carbonaceous black-shale Bazhenov Formation in the central part of the West Siberian sea basin is composed of predominantly sapropelic planktonogenic material, which was earlier assumed to have derived from siliceous-skeletal microorganisms (first of all, radiolarians) and nonskeletal ones (bacteria and algae). Comparative analysis for organic carbon in the formation rocks and in radiolarites and radiolarian oozes from some other areas showed that the siliceous-skeletal organisms make up &lt;1% of the organic matter of the Bazhenov Formation. This is confirmed by correlation analysis of two main types of Bazhenov rocks — siliceous-argillaceous (bazhenovites) and argillaceous (mudstones), — which showed the absence of correlation between the contents of organic carbon and quartz (which is mainly authigenic) for both rocks.
Monte-Carlo simulation for estimating topographic disturbance to heat flow data
Authors: Ayunov D.E. , Duchkov A.D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The Earth’s surface topography disturbs the thermal field making measured superficial thermal gradients (heat flow) higher or lower than the deep value. Topographic disturbance can be removed from data by applying the respective correction. We estimated the effect of the rugged bottom of Lake Baikal on thermal gradients from the vicinity of boreholes BDP-93 and BDP-96 drilled in the lake sediments and deep borehole L-2 on the western shore of the South Baikal basin near Listvyanka Village. The corrections were computed using a Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm specially designed to quantify the effect of surface topography on the thermal field. The performance of the algorithm was checked by a test example. The corrections turned out to be vanishing in the area of underwater drilling but significant at L-2 where the thermal gradient in the upper 1 km of rocks was about 20% underestimated. The corrected heat flow in L-2 data increased from 50 to 60 mW/m2 and approached the values measured in the central South Baikal basin.
Detection of local failures after management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prospective, controlled trial
Authors: Ragab S M , Erfan F A , Khalifa M A , Korayem E M , Tawfik H A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives:To conduct a prospective study (1) to evaluate and compare the efficacies of nasopharyngeal endoscopy and computed tomography in the diagnosis of local failure of external beam radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and (2) to assess whether multiple endoscopic nasopharyngeal biopsies are superior to a single, targeted biopsy, for the same purpose.Methods:Forty-six patients who had been treated with external beam radiotherapy for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled in the study. For every patient recruited, computed tomography, rigid nasopharyngeal endoscopy and nasopharyngeal biopsies were performed 12 weeks after radiotherapy.Results:Twelve weeks after treatment, six patients (13 per cent) had evident disease on histological examination of biopsies. Nasopharyngeal endoscopy showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 66.6, 95, 66.6 and 95 per cent, respectively. There was statistically significant agreement between the endoscopic findings and the histological findings (Kappa reliability coefficient = 0.617, p < 0.01). Computed tomography showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 50, 45, 12 and 85.7 per cent, respectively. There was no statistically significant agreement between the computed tomography findings and the histological findings (Kappa reliability coefficient = 0.021, p > 0.05). A targeted, single biopsy performed under endoscopic control demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, being 83.3, 100, 100 and 97.5 per cent, respectively. The Kappa test showed a very statistically significant agreement between the histological findings for the single and the multiple endoscopic biopsies (Kappa reliability coefficient = 0.897, p < 0.001).Conclusions:Rigid nasopharyngeal endoscopy should be considered the primary follow-up tool after radiotherapy treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with computed tomography being reserved for patients with histological or symptomatic indications. Routine postnasal biopsies are not necessary, given the excellent specificity and negative predictive value of rigid nasopharyngeal endoscopy. Single, targeted endoscopic biopsy provides an excellent alternative to the usual multiple biopsies. In addition, it reduces cost, time, morbidity and patient discomfort.
Correlated stopping power of a chain of N charges
Authors: BRET ANTOINE , DEUTSCH CLAUDE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe evaluate the correlated stopping power of a swift chain of N charges aligned with its (non-relativistic) velocity. We find that the distance required between two charges for the chain to act as a separated set of isolated charges is much larger than the dynamical screening length because the wake effect is very important when the chain elements are situated close to each other.
The health impact of polyparasitism in humans: are we under-estimating the burden of parasitic diseases?
Authors: PULLAN R. , BROOKER S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYParasitic infections are widespread throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, and infection with multiple parasite species is the norm rather than the exception. Despite the ubiquity of polyparasitism, its public health significance has been inadequately studied. Here we review available studies investigating the nutritional and pathological consequences of multiple infections withPlasmodiumand helminth infection and, in doing so, encourage a reassessment of the disease burden caused by polyparasitism. The available evidence is conspicuously sparse but is suggestive that multiple human parasite species may have an additive and/or multiplicative impact on nutrition and organ pathology. Existing studies suffer from a number of methodological limitations and adequately designed studies are clearly necessary. Current methods of estimating the potential global morbidity due to parasitic diseases underestimate the health impact of polyparasitism, and possible reasons for this are presented. As international strategies to control multiple parasite species are rolled-out, there is a number of options to investigate the complexity of polyparasitism, and it is hoped that that the parasitological resarch community will grasp the opportunity to understand better the health of polyparasitism in humans.
N-acetyl D-glucosamine stimulates growth in procyclic forms ofTrypanosoma bruceiby inducing a metabolic shift
Authors: EBIKEME C. E. , PEACOCK L. , COUSTOU V. , RIVIERE L. , BRINGAUD F. , GIBSON W. C. , BARRETT M. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe lectin-inhibitory sugars D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) are known to enhance susceptibility of the tsetse fly vector to infection withTrypanosoma brucei. GlcNAc also stimulates trypanosome growthin vitroin the absence of any factor derived from the fly. Here, we show that GlcNAc cannot be used as a direct energy source, nor is it internalized by trypanosomes. It does, however, inhibit glucose uptake by binding to the hexose transporter. Deprivation of D-glucose leads to a switch from a metabolism based predominantly on substrate level phosphorylation of D-glucose to a more efficient one based mainly on oxidative phosphorylation using L-proline. Procyclic form trypanosomes grow faster and to higher density in D-glucose-depleted medium than in D-glucose-rich medium. The ability of trypanosomes to use L-proline as an energy source can be regulated depending upon the availability of D-glucose and here we show that this regulation is a graded response to D-glucose availability and determined by the overall metabolic state of the cell. It appears, therefore, that the growth stimulatory effect of GlcNAcin vitrorelates to the switch from D-glucose to L-proline metabolism. In tsetse flies, however, it seems probable that the effect of GlcNAc is independent of this switch as pre-adaptation to growth in proline had no effect on tsetse infection rate.
Consciousness, accessibility, and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience
Authors: Block Ned 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHow can we disentangle the neural basis of phenomenal consciousness from the neural machinery of the cognitive access that underlies reports of phenomenal consciousness? We see the problem in stark form if we ask how we can tell whether representations inside a Fodorian module are phenomenally conscious. The methodology would seem straightforward: Find the neural natural kinds that are the basis of phenomenal consciousness in clear cases – when subjects are completely confident and we have no reason to doubt their authority – and look to see whether those neural natural kinds exist within Fodorian modules. But a puzzle arises: Do we include the machinery underlying reportability within the neural natural kinds of the clear cases? If the answer is “Yes,” then there can be no phenomenally conscious representations in Fodorian modules. But how can we know if the answer is “Yes”? The suggested methodology requires an answer to the question it was supposed to answer! This target article argues for an abstract solution to the problem and exhibits a source of empirical data that is relevant, data that show that in a certain sense phenomenal consciousness overflows cognitive accessibility. I argue that we can find a neural realizer of this overflow if we assume that the neural basis of phenomenal consciousness does not include the neural basis of cognitive accessibility and that this assumption is justified (other things being equal) by the explanations it allows.
Access to phenomenality: A necessary condition of phenomenality?
Authors: Balog Katalin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBlock argues that relevant data in psychology and neuroscience show that access consciousness is not constitutively necessary for phenomenality. However, a phenomenal state can be access conscious in two radically different ways. Its content can be access conscious, or its phenomenality can be access conscious. I argue that while Block's thesis is right when it is formulated in terms of the first notion of access consciousness, there is an alternative hypothesis about the relationship between phenomenality and access in terms of the second notion that is not touched by Block's argument.
Experience and agency: Slipping the mesh
Authors: Clark Andy , Kiverstein Julian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCan we really make sense of the idea (implied by Block's treatment) that there can be isolated islets of experience that are not even potentially available as fodder for a creature's conscious choices and decisions? The links between experience and the availability of information to guide conscious choice and inform reasoned action may be deeper than the considerations concerning (mere) reportability suggest.
Many ways to awareness: A developmental perspective on cognitive access
Authors: Izard Carroll E. , Quinn Paul C. , Most Steven B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBlock's target article makes a significant contribution toward sorting the neural bases of phenomenal consciousness from the neural systems that underlie cognitive access to it. However, data from developmental science suggest thatcognitiveaccess may be only one of several ways to access phenomenology. These data may also have implications for the visual-cognitive phenomena that Block uses to support his case.
Can we equate iconic memory with visual awareness?
Authors: Landman Rogier , Sligte Ilja G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEvery time we look around we can see a rich and detailed world surrounding us. Nevertheless, the majority of visual information seems to slip out of our thoughts instantly. Can we still say that this fleeting percept of the entire world was a conscious percept in the first place, as Block proposes?
The measurement problem in consciousness research
Authors: Malach Rafael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStates of sensory absorption may offer a means to disentangle perception from report. Interestingly, such states lead to an antagonistic relationship between perceptual and cognitive-access networks, suggesting that perceptual awareness does not depend on a read-out by high order cognitive-access mechanisms. Rather, it may emerge internally, through a cooperative coding dynamics, whereby each neuron simultaneously represents and reads-out the perceptual awareness state.
Accessed, accessible, and inaccessible: Where to draw the phenomenal line
Authors: Prinz Jesse 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne can distinguish among perceptual states that have been accessed by working memory, states that are accessible, and states that are inaccessible. Block compellingly argues that phenomenology outstrips access but wrongly implies that phenomenology outstrips accessibility. There is a subjective difference between Sperling cases and inattentional blindness, which suggests that phenomenology occurs under conditions of accessibility, and not inaccessibility.
Global workspace theory emerges unscathed
Authors: Shanahan Murray , Baars Bernard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOur aim in this reply is to defend Global Workspace theory (GWT) from the challenge of Block's article. We argue that Block's article relies on an outdated and imprecise concept of access, and perpetuates a common misunderstanding of GWT that conflates the global workspace with working memory. In the light of the relevant clarifications, Block's conclusion turns out to be unwarranted, and the basic tenets of GWT emerge unscathed.
Robust tracking control of kinematically redundant robot manipulators subject to multiple self-motion criteria
Authors: Özbay Ufuk , Şahin H. Türker , Zergeroğlu Erkan 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn this study, we consider a model based robust control scheme for kinematically redundant robot manipulators that also enables the use of self motion of the manipulator to perform multiple sub-tasks (e.g., maintaining manipulability, avoidance of mechanical joint limits, and obstacle avoidance). The controller proposed ensures uniformly ultimately bounded end-effector and sub-task tracking despite the parametric uncertainty associated with the dynamic model. A Lyapunov based approach has been utilized in the controller design and extension to a non minimum set of parameters for orientation representation has been presented to illustrate the flexibility of the approach. Extensive simulation studies performed initially on a 3 link planar robot arm (for the planar case) and on a six degree of freedom (DOF) Puma type robot arm (for the 3D case with quaternion feedback) are presented to demonstrate the capabilities and the performance of the controller. The results were then experimentally tested on an actual Puma 560 robot to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
A novel multiple-heuristic approach for singularity-free motion planning of spatial parallel manipulators
Authors: Abdellatif Houssem , Heimann Bodo 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe issue of motion planning for closed-loop mechanisms, such as parallel manipulators or robots, is still an open question. This paper proposes a novel approach for motion planning of spatial parallel robots. The framework for the geometric modeling is based on the visibility graph methodology. It is opted for a multiple-heuristics approach, where different influences are integrated in a multiplicative way within the heuristic cost function. Since the issue of singularities is a fundamental one for parallel robots, it is emphasized on the avoidance of such configurations. To include singularity-free planning within the heuristic approach, two heuristic functions are proposed, the inverse local dexterity as well as a novel defined “next-singularity” function, in such a way, well conditioned motions can be provided by a single planning procedure. The success of the method is illustrated by some examples.
On filling families of finite subsets of the Cantor set
Authors: DODOS PANDELIS , KANELLOPOULOS VASSILIS 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLet ϵ > 0 and$\fff$be a family of finite subsets of the Cantor set$\ccc$. Following D.H. Fremlin, we say that$\fff$is ϵ-filling over$\ccc$if$\fff$is hereditary and for everyF⊆$\ccc$finite there existsG⊆Fsuch thatGϵ\fff$and$|G|\,{\geq}\,\ee |F|$. We show that if$\fff$is ϵ-filling over$\ccc$andC-measurable in$[\ccc]^{<\omega}$, then for everyP⊆$\ccc$perfect there existsQ⊆Pperfect with$[Q]^{<\omega}\,{\subseteq}\,\fff$. A similar result for weaker versions of density is also obtained.
Character amenability of Banach algebras
Authors: MONFARED MEHDI SANGANI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe introduce the notion of character amenable Banach algebras. We prove that character amenability for either of the group algebra L1(G) or the Fourier algebra A(G) is equivalent to the amenability of the underlying group G. Character amenability of the measure algebra M(G) is shown to be equivalent to G being a discrete amenable group. We also study functorial properties of character amenability. For a commutative character amenable Banach algebra A, we prove all cohomological groups with coefficients in finite-dimensional Banach A-bimodules, vanish. As a corollary we conclude that all finite-dimensional extensions of commutative character amenable Banach algebras split strongly.
Integrality and the Laurent phenomenon for Somos 4 and Somos 5 sequences
Authors: HONE ANDREW N. W. , SWART CHRISTINE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSomos 4 sequences are a family of sequences defined by a fourth-order quadratic recurrence relation with constant coefficients. For particular choices of the coefficients and the four initial data, such recurrences can yield sequences of integers. Fomin and Zelevinsky have used the theory of cluster algebras to prove that these recurrences also provide one of the simplest examples of the Laurent phenomenon: all the terms of a Somos 4 sequence are Laurent polynomials in the initial data. The integrality of certain Somos 4 sequences has previously been understood in terms of the Laurent phenomenon. However, each of the authors of this paper has independently established the precise correspondence between Somos 4 sequences and sequences of points on elliptic curves. This connection is Here we show that these sequences satisfy a stronger condition than the Laurent property, and hence establish a broad set of sufficient conditions for integrality. As a by-product, non-periodic sequences provide infinitely many solutions of an associated quartic Diophantine equation in four variables. The analogous results for Somos 5 sequences are also presented, as well as various examples, including parameter families of Somos 4 integer sequences.
Centre-by-metabelian pro-p groups of type FPm
Authors: KOCHLOUKOVA DESSISLAVA H. , PINTO ALINE G. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe prove that if G is a centre-by-metabelian pro-p group of type FPm over $\z_p$, so every homomorphic image of G is of type FPm over $\z_p$.