bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spektrum komplexer Teilleistungsstörungen bei Patienten mit
psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Christensen Nils , Warnke Max Holger , Naaß Paulina , Muschalla Beate 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Bisherige Studien verweisen auf ein erhöhtes Vorkommen
von komplexen Teilleistungsstörungen bei Patienten mit psychischen
Erkrankungen, insbesondere bei Patienten mit ADHS oder
Entwicklungsstörungen. Bis heute ist über die Verteilung von
Teilleistungsstörungen und diffusen neuropsychologischen
Beeinträchtigungen bei erwachsenen Patienten mit psychischen
Erkrankungen empirisch wenig bekannt.
Vorgehen Explorativ wurden 399 Patienten mit verschiedenen psychischen
Erkrankungen hinsichtlich des gesamten Spektrums von
Teilleistungsstörungen untersucht. 329 Patienten waren zum
Untersuchungszeitpunkt in einer psychosomatischen Rehabilitation, 40 in einer
forensischen Psychiatrie, und 30 auf einer Suchtstationen eines psychiatrischen
Krankenhauses. Symptommuster und soziodemografische Merkmale der Patienten
wurden mittels strukturierter Fragebögen erfasst.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt berichteten rund 29% aller Patienten
ausgeprägte und vielfältige Teilleistungsstörungen.
Patienten mit komplexen Teilleistungsstörungen berichteten in
Alltagsbewältigung (Aufmerksamkeit, Rechnen, Gedächtnis,
Lärmempfindlichkeit, Orientierung) und sozialer Interaktion
(Außenseiter, Erregbarkeit) eine stärkere Problembelastung als
Patienten ohne Teilleistungsstörungen.
Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Teilleistungsstörungen sind
häufig und in vielfältigen Mustern bei Patienten mit psychischen
Erkrankungen zu finden und müssen in Diagnostik und Behandlung
mitberücksichtigt werden. Weitere Studien sollten kompensatorische
therapeutische Maßnahmen im Sinne des Modells der Selektiven Optimierung
und Compensation (SOC-Modell nach Baltes) evaluieren.
Influence of artificial intelligence on the diagnostic performance of endoscopists in the assessment of Barrett’s esophagus: a tandem randomized and video trial
Authors: Meinikheim Michael , Mendel Robert , Palm Christoph , Probst Andreas , Muzalyova Anna , Scheppach Markus W. , Nagl Sandra , Schnoy Elisabeth , Römmele Christoph , Schulz Dominik A. H. , Schlottmann Jakob , Prinz Friederike , Rauber David , Rückert Tobias , Matsumura Tomoaki , Fernández-Esparrach Glòria , Parsa Nasim , Byrne Michael F. , Messmann Helmut , Ebigbo Alanna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effect of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support system on the performance and diagnostic confidence of endoscopists in their assessment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE).
Methods 96 standardized endoscopy videos were assessed by 22 endoscopists with varying degrees of BE experience from 12 centers. Assessment was randomized into two video sets: group A (review first without AI and second with AI) and group B (review first with AI and second without AI). Endoscopists were required to evaluate each video for the presence of Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia (BERN) and then decide on a spot for a targeted biopsy. After the second assessment, they were allowed to change their clinical decision and confidence level.
Results AI had a stand-alone sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92.2%, 68.9%, and 81.3%, respectively. Without AI, BE experts had an overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.3%, 58.1%, and 71.5%, respectively. With AI, BE nonexperts showed a significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity when videos were assessed a second time with AI (sensitivity 69.8% [95%CI 65.2%–74.2%] to 78.0% [95%CI 74.0%–82.0%]; specificity 67.3% [95%CI 62.5%–72.2%] to 72.7% [95%CI 68.2%–77.3%]). In addition, the diagnostic confidence of BE nonexperts improved significantly with AI.
Conclusion BE nonexperts benefitted significantly from additional AI. BE experts and nonexperts remained significantly below the stand-alone performance of AI, suggesting that there may be other factors influencing endoscopists’ decisions to follow or discard AI advice.
Delegated quantum neural networks for encrypted data
Authors: Sun Wenli , Chang Yan , Wang Danchen , Zhang Shibin , Yan Lili 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantum machine learning is expected to utilize the potential advantages of quantum computing to advance the efficiency of machine learning. However, with the help of quantum cloud servers, ordinary users may confront the threat of privacy leakage of input data and models when performing the training or inference of quantum neural networks (QNNs). To address this problem, we present a new framework that allows the training and inference of delegated QNNs to be performed on encrypted data to protect the privacy of users’ data and models. This framework contains two models that are alternately trained: an encryptor and a predictor. The classical client first trains the encryptor defined by a classical neural network to map plaintext input data to vastly different ciphertext data. The ciphertext data is sent to the quantum cloud server to train the predictor defined by a QNN, which can indirectly predict the labels of plaintext data. With the trained encryptor and predictor, the client can send the encrypted data to the server for prediction and obtain almost equivalent prediction results. The proposed framework is applied to three types of QNN models, each dealing with low-dimensional tabular data, image data, and one-dimensional time series data, respectively. Experimental results show that the privacy protection method based on our framework can protect data and model privacy without degrading the performance of QNNs. The framework does not require users to have quantum capabilities and is suitable for protecting data and model privacy for various QNN models.
Φ-moment inequalities for noncommutative differentially subordinate martingales
Authors: Jiao Yong , Moslehian Mohammad , Wu Lian , Zuo Yahui 
Published: March 2024

We establish some

Φ
\Phi

-moment inequalities for noncommutative differentially subordinate martingales. Let

Φ
\Phi

be a

p
p

-convex and

q
q

-concave Orlicz function with

1
>
p
≤
q
>
2

1>p\leq q>2

. Suppose that

x
x

and

y
y

are two self-adjoint martingales such that

y
y

is weakly differentially subordinate to

x
x

. We show that, for

N
≥
0

N\geq 0

,

τ

[

Φ
(

|

y
N

|

)

]

≤

c

p
,
q

τ

[

Φ
(

|

x
N

|

)

]

,

\begin{equation*} \tau \big [\Phi (|y_N|)\big ]\leq c_{p,q}\tau \big [\Phi (|x_N|)\big ], \end{equation*}

where the constant

c

p
,
q

c_{p,q}

is of the best order when

p
=
q

p=q

. The

Φ
\Phi

-moment estimates for square functions of noncommutative differentially subordinate martingales are also obtained in this article. Our approach provides constructive proofs of noncommutative

Φ
\Phi

-moment Burkholder–Gundy inequalities and Burkholder inequalities.
Global dynamics above the ground state energy for the energy-critical Klein-Gordon equation
Authors: Roy Tristan 
Published: March 2024

Consider the focusing energy-critical Klein-Gordon equation in dimension

d
∈
{
3
,
4
,
5
}

d \in \{ 3,4,5 \}

{

∂

t
t

u
−
Δ
u
+
u

a
m
p
;
=

|

u

|

4

d
−
2

u
,

u
(
0
,
x
)

a
m
p
;
≔

f

0

(
x
)
,

∂

t

u
(
0
,
x
)

a
m
p
;
≔

f

1

(
x
)

\begin{equation*} \begin {cases} \partial _{tt} u - \Delta u + u & = |u|^{\frac {4}{d-2}} u, \\ u(0,x) & ≔f_{0}(x), \\ \partial _{t} u(0,x) & ≔f_{1}(x) \end{cases} \end{equation*}

with data

(

f

0

,

f

1

)
∈

H

≔

H

1

×

L

2

(f_{0},f_{1}) \in \mathcal {H} ≔H^{1} \times L^{2}

. We describe the global dynamics of real-valued solutions of which the energy is slightly larger than that of the ground states’. We classify the flows of the solutions that are ejected from a small neighborhood of the ground states or that are away from them. The classification relies upon a modification of the arguments of Payne and Sattinger [Israel J. Math. 22 (1975), pp. 273–303] to prove blow-up in finite time, and a modification of the arguments of Ibrahim, Masmoudi, and Nakanishi [Anal. PDE 4 (2011), pp. 405–460], Kenig and Merle [Invent. Math. 166 (2006), pp. 645–675; Acta Math. 201 (2008), pp. 147–212], and Krieger, Nakanishi, and Schlag [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 33 (2013), pp. 2423–2450] to prove scattering as

t
→
±
∞

t \rightarrow \pm \infty

. There are three main differences between this paper and that of Krieger, Nakanishi, and Schlag [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 33 (2013), pp. 2423–2450]. The first one is the lack of scaling symmetry. The second one appears in the proof of the ejection lemma: one has to control the mass in the ejection process. The third one appears in the proof of the one-pass lemma: in the worst scenario, one cannot use the equipartition of energy and therefore one has to prove a decay estimate which allows to use an argument of Bourgain [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (1999), pp. 145–171].
Living jewels: iterative evolution of iridescent blue leaves from helicoidal cell walls
Authors: Lundquist Clive R , Rudall Paula J , Sukri Rahayu S , Conejero María , Smith Alyssa , Lopez-Garcia Martin , Vignolini Silvia , Metali Faizah , Whitney Heather M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Structural colour is responsible for the remarkable metallic blue colour seen in the leaves of several plants. Species belonging to only ten genera have been investigated to date, revealing four photonic structures responsible for structurally coloured leaves. One of these is the helicoidal cell wall, known to create structural colour in the leaf cells of five taxa. Here we investigate a broad selection of land plants to understand the phylogenetic distribution of this photonic structure in leaves.

Methods
We identified helicoidal structures in the leaf epidermal cells of 19 species using transmission electron microscopy. Pitch measurements of the helicoids were compared with the reflectance spectra of circularly polarized light from the cells to confirm the structure–colour relationship.

Results
By incorporating species examined with a polarizing filter, our results increase the number of taxa with photonic helicoidal cell walls to species belonging to at least 35 genera. These include 19 monocot genera, from the orders Asparagales (Orchidaceae) and Poales (Cyperaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Rapateaceae) and 16 fern genera, from the orders Marattiales (Marattiaceae), Schizaeales (Anemiaceae) and Polypodiales (Blechnaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Tectariaceae).

Conclusions
Our investigation adds considerably to the recorded diversity of plants with structurally coloured leaves. The iterative evolution of photonic helicoidal walls has resulted in a broad phylogenetic distribution, centred on ferns and monocots. We speculate that the primary function of the helicoidal wall is to provide strength and support, so structural colour could have evolved as a potentially beneficial chance function of this structure.
Using high-throughput phenotype platform MVS-Pheno to reconstruct the 3D morphological structure of wheat
Authors: Li Wenrui , Wu Sheng , Wen Weiliang , Lu Xianju , Liu Haishen , Zhang Minggang , Xiao Pengliang , Guo Xinyu , Zhao Chunjiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is of great significance to study the plant morphological structure for improving crop yield and achieving efficient use of resources. Three dimensional (3D) information can more accurately describe the morphological and structural characteristics of crop plants. Automatic acquisition of 3D information is one of the key steps in plant morphological structure research. Taking wheat as the research object, we propose a point cloud data-driven 3D reconstruction method that achieves 3D structure reconstruction and plant morphology parameterization at the phytomer scale. Specifically, we use the MVS-Pheno platform to reconstruct the point cloud of wheat plants and segment organs through the deep learning algorithm. On this basis, we automatically reconstructed the 3D structure of leaves and tillers and extracted the morphological parameters of wheat. The results show that the semantic segmentation accuracy of organs is 95.2%, and the instance segmentation accuracy AP50 is 0.665. The R2 values for extracted leaf length, leaf width, leaf attachment height, stem leaf angle, tiller length, and spike length were 0.97, 0.80, 1.00, 0.95, 0.99, and 0.95, respectively. This method can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of 3D morphological analysis of wheat plants, providing strong technical support for research in fields such as agricultural production optimization and genetic breeding.
Pyrimethamine reduced tumour growth in pre-clinical cancer models: a systematic review to identify potential pre-clinical studies for subsequent human clinical trials
Authors: Manoharan Sivananthan , Ying Ying Lee 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pyrimethamine (PYR), a STAT3 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce tumour burden in mouse cancer models. It is unclear how much of a reduction occurred or whether the PYR dosages and route of administration used in mice were consistent with the FDA's recommendations for drug repurposing. Search engines such as ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, and other databases, including Google Scholar, were thoroughly searched, as was the reference list. The systematic review includes fourteen (14) articles. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using SYRCLE's guidelines. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, no meta-analysis was performed. According to the RoB assessment, 13/14 studies fall into the moderate RoB category, with one study classified as high RoB. None adhered to the ARRIVE guideline for transparent research reporting. Oral (FDA-recommended) and non-oral routes of PYR administration were used in mice, with several studies reporting very high PYR dosages that could lead to myelosuppression, while oral PYR dosages of 30 mg/kg or less are considered safe. Direct human equivalent dose translation is probably not the best strategy for comparing whether the used PYR dosages in mice are in line with FDA-approved strength because pharmacokinetic profiles, particularly PYR's half-life (t1/2), between humans (t1/2 = 96 h) and mice (t1/2 = 6 h), must also be considered. Based on the presence of appropriate control and treatment groups, as well as the presence of appropriate clinically proven chemotherapy drug(s) for comparison purposes, only one study (1/14) involving liver cancer can be directed into a clinical trial. Furthermore, oesophageal cancer too can be directed into clinical trials, where the indirect effect of PYR on the NRF2 gene may suppress oesophageal cancer in patients, but this must be done with caution because PYR is an investigational drug for oesophageal cancer, and combining it with proven chemotherapy drug(s) is recommended.
Clinical prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma using an MRI-based graph convolutional network model integrated with nomogram
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Ziqian , Zhang Hongxia , Wang Xinxin , Wang Kun , Yang Rui , Han Peng , Luan Kuan , Zhou Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Based on enhanced MRI, a prediction model of microvascular invasion (MVI) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was developed using graph convolutional network (GCN) combined nomogram.

Methods
We retrospectively collected 182 HCC patients confirmed histopathologically, all of them performed enhanced MRI before surgery. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups. Radiomics features were extracted from the arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), and delayed phase (DP), respectively. After removing redundant features, the graph structure by constructing the distance matrix with the feature matrix was built. Screening the superior phases and acquired GCN Score (GS). Finally, combining clinical, radiological and GS established the predicting nomogram.

Results
27.5% (50/182) patients were with MVI positive. In radiological analysis, intratumoural artery (P = 0.007) was an independent predictor of MVI. GCN model with grey-level cooccurrence matrix-grey-level run length matrix features exhibited area under the curves of the training group was 0.532, 0.690, and 0.885 and the validation group was 0.583, 0.580, and 0.854 for AP, PVP, and DP, respectively. DP was selected to develop final model and got GS. Combining GS with diameter, corona enhancement, mosaic architecture, and intratumoural artery constructed a nomogram which showed a C-index of 0.884 (95% CI: 0.829-0.927).

Conclusions
The GCN model based on DP has a high predictive ability. A nomogram combining GS, clinical and radiological characteristics can be a simple and effective guiding tool for selecting HCC treatment options.

Advances in knowledge
GCN based on MRI could predict MVI on HCC.
Multiparametric MRI-based whole-liver radiomics for predicting early-stage liver fibrosis in rabbits
Authors: Mai Xiao-Fei , Zhang Hao , Wang Yang , Zhong Wen-Xin , Zou Li-Qiu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a whole-liver radiomic model using multiparametric MRI for predicting early-stage liver fibrosis (LF) in rabbits.

Methods
A total of 134 rabbits (early-stage LF, n = 91; advanced-stage LF, n = 43) who underwent liver magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), hepatobiliary phase, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion kurtosis imaging, and T2* scanning were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the training or validation cohort. Whole-liver radiomic features were extracted and selected to develop a radiomic model and generate quantitative Rad-scores. Then, multivariable logistic regression was utilized to determine the Rad-scores associated with early-stage LF, and effective features were integrated to establish a combined model. The predictive performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
The MRE model achieved superior AUCs of 0.95 in the training cohort and 0.86 in the validation cohort, followed by the DCE-MRI model (0.93 and 0.82), while the IVIM model had lower AUC values of 0.91 and 0.82, respectively. The Rad-scores of MRE, DCE-MRI and IVIM were identified as independent predictors associated with early-stage LF. The combined model demonstrated AUC values of 0.96 and 0.88 for predicting early-stage LF in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the remarkable performance of a multiparametric MRI-based radiomic model for the individualized diagnosis of early-stage LF.

Advances in knowledge
This is the first study to develop a combined model by integrating multiparametric radiomic features to improve the accuracy of LF staging.
Biliopancreatic diversion for severe obesity: long-term weight maintenance and occurrence of nutritional complications are two facets of the same coin
Authors: Papadia Francesco S , Adami Gianfranco , Razzetta Alessandra , Florenzano Anna , Longo Gaia , Rubartelli Alice , Carlini Flavia , De Cian Ottavio , Camerini Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the widespread clinical use of hypoabsorptive metabolic bariatric surgery, very long-term outcomes are still lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of biliopancreatic diversion at 30 years in patients with class 3 obesity (BMI over 40 kg/m2).

Methods
This retrospective single-centre study used data from a prospectively collected database on a sample of consecutive patients submitted to biliopancreatic diversion with a minimum follow-up of 30 years. Outcomes assessed included overall survival, long-term weight loss and weight maintenance, remission of obesity-related co-morbidities, and short- and long-term surgical and/or nutritional or metabolic complications.

Results
Among 199 consecutive patients (136 female, 63 male) who had surgery between November 1992 and April 1994, the mean age at operation was 38 (range 14–69) years and mean preoperative BMI was 48.7 (32.0–74.3) kg/m2. At baseline, 91 of 199 patients (45.7%) had type 2 diabetes. At 20 and 30 years, 122 (61%) and 38 (19%) of the 199 patients respectively were available for follow-up. At 30 years, the overall mortality rate was 12% (23 of 199). Surgical complications were concentrated in the short-term follow-up, whereas nutritional or metabolic complications increased progressively over time. A nutritional complication was diagnosed in 73 of 122 patients (60%) at 20 years and 28 of 38 (74%) at 30 years. Weight loss and glycaemic control were maintained throughout the follow-up; mean % total weight loss was 32.8 (range 14.1–50.0) at 1 year and 37.7 (range 16.7–64.8) at 30 years. One patient presented with recurrence of type 2 diabetes at 20 and 30 years; there were no patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion
Biliopancreatic diversion leads to good and sustained weight maintenance up to 30 years with low perioperative risk, but at the cost of a high long-term prevalence of nutritional complications.
Carbon-doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheet self-assembled microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Chen Nali , Hu Mengyu , Gou Lulu , Tan Lin , Zhao Dan , Feng Huixia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, carbon-doped Bi2MoO6 (C-Bi2MoO6) nanosheet self-assembled microspheres were prepared by using the solvothermal-calcination route to improve the photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6. The characterization results of x-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Raman scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, BET specific surface area test, and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry indicated that C replaced the O2− anion in the Bi2MoO6 lattice, thinning the nanosheets, decreasing the size of the microspheres, and increasing the specific surface area of the Bi2MoO6. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, transient photocurrent, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) spectroscopy demonstrated that the carbon doping reduced the band gap energy, raised the conduction band, and enhanced the photogenerated electron–hole pairs separation efficiency of Bi2MoO6. Benefiting from these favorable changes, the C-Bi2MoO6 microspheres prepared at a molar ratio of C to Bi of 4 (4C-Bi2MoO6) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, and the photocatalytic degradation rate constant of rhodamine B by 4C-Bi2MoO6 microspheres was almost 2.26 times that by pristine Bi2MoO6 under simulated solar light. 4C-Bi2MoO6 microspheres (0.2 g/L) presented excellent photocatalytic performance toward RhB (20 mg/L) at pH value 1 and could remove 98.31% of the RhB within 120 min. In addition, 4C-Bi2MoO6 microspheres also possessed a high photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue and tetracycline. 4C-Bi2MoO6 microspheres assembled from thin nanosheets can be used as effective photocatalysts to degrade toxic organic molecules from wastewater.
Preparation of cobalt catalyst supported on perovskite-type oxide and application in liquid-phase selective oxidation reaction
Authors: Wang Junhao , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cobalt catalyst supported on the perovskite-type oxide sodium tantalate, NaTaO3 (NTO) was prepared by using the hydrothermal method and used in liquid-phase p-xylene oxidation, which led to p-methyl benzyl alcohol, p-tolualdehyde, and p-toluic acid. Investigation showed that the formation of alcohol and aldehyde was a competitive reaction. Further oxidation of the alcohol did not occur. On the other hand, the oxidation of p-tolualdehyde led to the formation of acid. Co-NTO catalyst showed higher selectivity toward the route of p-tolualdehyde than the p-methylbenzyl alcohol compared with the bulk Co3O4.