bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
59.1: Invited Paper: Optoelectronic OLED Modeling for Device Optimization and Analysis
Authors: Ruhstaller Beat , Flatz Thomas , Moos Michael , Sartoris Guido , Kiy Michael , Beierlein Tilman , Kern Roland , Winnewisser Carsten , Pretot Roger , Chebotareva Natalia , Van der Schaaf Paul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) consist of a stack of multiple thin film layers whose thicknesses influence both the optical and electronic performance. Upon injection and transport, the charge carriers may recombine to form excitons that diffuse and decay radiatively, thus leading to distinct recombination and emission zone profiles that determine device performance. Suitable simulation tools that allow a better understanding and efficient optimization of organic optoelectronics devices and materials are desirable.
59.3: Paving the Way for Novel Top‐Emitting AMOLED Architecture through New Cathode and ETL Materials
Authors: Lee Jong Hyuk , Kim Won‐Jong , Yang Seung Gak , Lee Chang Ho , Kim Yong Tak , Shin Jung Han , Choi Jin Baek , Kim Hee Yeon , Ko Hee Joo , Zang Dong Sik , Chung Ho Kyun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel top‐emitting AMOLED structure with transparent cathode has been successfully developed. Newly designed thermal deposition enabled to avoid damages to organic layers and to realize totally transparent conducting oxide cathode material with low work‐function. Besides, new ETL material with excellent electron transporting characteristics has been designed and synthesized for the new top‐emitting structure. Owing to the breakthrough in the transparent cathode and ETL materials, we could make a progress in overcoming the drawbacks of current microcavity‐ structured top‐emitting AMOLED architecture.
60.3: Advanced Application of Direct Laser Process on SnO2 Thin Films for FPDs
Authors: Usui Reo , Mihara Yu , Satoh Ryohei , Mihara Yu , Morinaga Eiji , Iwata Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA Nd:YAG laser process on pure and doped SnO2 thin films was investigated as a key technology for a next generation flat panel displays manufacture replacing photolithography etching process on Indium‐Tin‐Oxide that is currently in use. It is found that the laser process is capable of making fine micro patterns on SnO2 thin films that have high carrier concentration by as low laser energy as 6J/cm2.
60.4: Single Layer Al‐Ni Interconnections for TFT‐LCDs using Direct Contacts with ITO and a‐Si
Authors: Kugimiya Toshihiro , Yoneda Yoichiro , Yoshikawa Kazuo , Gotoh Hiroshi , Kawakami Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIt was demonstrated for the first time that the use of Al‐Ni alloy films and a‐Si surface nitridation for the direct contacts of interconnection lines with both ITO and a‐Si were feasible for the TFT technology. The mechanism how the direct contact, described in the present paper, works was studied using various analysis technique.
61.1: Motion‐Compensated Impulsive Driving Technique for LCD‐TV
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyeung , Kim Yun‐Jae , Park Minkyu , Amino Tadashi , Oh Jaeho , Kim Nam Deog , Kim Sang Soo 
Published: August 2007

Abstractotion‐estimation/motion‐compensation (ME/MC) provides superior motion picture quality but its huge computation load results in high cost. Impulsive driving is a cost‐effective solution but it suffers from large flicker and brightness loss. Motion compensated impulsive driving technology has been developed to achieve high motion picture quality in a cost‐effective implementation by combining ME/MC and impulsive driving. The key idea is to apply ME/MC or impulsive driving selectively according to the motion vector distribution of the incoming image sequence. In this paper, the description of the algorithm and the experimental results are provided.
62.3: Doped Multilayer Polymer Cholesteric‐Liquid‐Crystal (PCLC) Flakes: A Novel Electro‐Optical Medium for Highly Reflective Color Flexible Displays
Authors: Marshall Kenneth L. , Hasman Katherine , Leitch Molly , Cox Gerald , Kosc Tanya Z. , Trajkovska‐Petkoska Anka , Jacobs Stephen D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPolymer cholesteric‐liquid‐crystal (PCLC) flake/fluid‐host suspensions are a novel particle display technology for full‐color reflective display applications on rigid or flexible substrates. These “polarizing pigments” require no polarizers or color filters, switch rapidly at very low voltages, and produce highly saturated colors with a reflection efficiency approaching 80%.
62.4: Liquid‐Crystal Etalon Device for High‐Efficiency Field‐Sequential Display Enkh‐Amgalan Dorjgotov
Authors: Bos Philip J. , Bhowmik Achintya K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe propose a pixel design using liquid crystal etalon device for high efficiency mobile field sequential color display. The new device is nearly loss‐less for monochromatic primary light sources. High efficiency transmittance is achieved through the use of a polarization insensitive, high transmittance etalon device which consists of dielectric mirrors on either side of a cavity filled with twisted nematic liquid crystal material. The device is simulated using numerical modeling program, and preliminary design results are presented.
63.2: Distinguished Paper: A Full‐Color, Top‐Emission AM‐OLED Display Driven by OTFTs
Authors: Yagi Iwao , Hirai Nobukazu , Noda Makoto , Imaoka Ayaka , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Yoneya Nobuhide , Nomoto Kazumasa , Kasahara Jiro , Yumoto Akira , Urabe Tetsuo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have developed an integration architecture for high‐resolution organic‐TFT (OTFT) arrays with top pixel electrodes on a plastic film. In this architecture, no damage isolation method of organic semiconductor (OSC) in a photolithographically defined resolution is employed. All the insulators in the backplane consist of organic polymers, enhancing both the mechanical flexibility of the backplane and the manufacturing throughput. These technologies have been successfully applied to produce a flexible, full‐color and top‐emission active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AM‐OLED) display on a plastic substrate with a resolution of 80 ppi.
63.4L: Late News Paper: High Mobility Solution‐Processed Organic Thin‐Film Transistor Array for Active‐Matrix Color Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Kawasaki M. , Imazeki S. , Hirota S. , Arai T. , Shiba T. , Ando M. , Natsume Y. , Minakata T. , Uemura S. , Kamata T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have fabricated a solution‐processed 240 × 960 organic thin‐film transistor array to drive a liquid crystal display, where the semiconductor, gate dielectric and passivation films have been all formed using solution processes. A field effect mobility of 1.6 cm2/Vs obtained is the highest value for solution‐processed TFTs ever reported.
64.1: Invited Paper: Polarized OLEDS as Backlight for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Culligan Sean W. , Chen Andrew C.‐A. , Wallace Jason U. , Tang Ching W. , Chen Shaw H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis work aims at the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel conjugated glassy‐nematic liquid crystals for highly efficient and strongly polarized OLEDs. In addition to deep blue emission using oligofluorenes, emission of standard green, red, and white‐light has also been accomplished through chemical modification and physical doping.
65.1: Invited Paper: An Overview of Display Interconnect Technology Trends: Technologies & Markets
Authors: Opdahl Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper will address general technology and market trends for the assembly of display modules, concentrating on how the maturation of the display industry is affecting technology choices and market segmentation. The year 2007 promises to be one of great change in the world of flat panel displays, with non‐LCD technology getting its first real foothold in mobile phone main screen applications, a continuing glut of glass manufacturing capacity, and the migration of display assembly factories into Eastern Europe and Mexico. This, coupled with double‐digit percentage declines in the ASPs of almost every color display technology, means that manufacturers are continuing to squeeze out production costs wherever possible. As a result, companies are reviewing the back‐end interconnect assembly portion of display manufacturing in a way that they have not done before now. The long‐term end result is likely to be a higher level of segmentation in the display industry as it follows a path similar to the semiconductor industry before it. In the shorter term, companies will aggressively review technical requirements, assembly techniques, and material choices in their quest for lower costs.
67.1: Invited Paper: Hybrid Transflective Displays using Vertically Integrated Transparent OLED and Reflective LCD
Authors: Lee Jiun‐Haw , Xianyu Haiqing , Ge Zhibing , Zhu Xinyu , Lu Yen‐Hsun , Teng Chao‐Wen , Liu Kou‐Chen , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate a hybrid device by vertically integrating a reflective LCD and a transparent OLED. The vertical alignment (VA) LC cell operated at normally black (NB) mode is placed beneath the transparent OLED to improve device transmittance. Under dark ambient, OLED is the primary display but the NB‐RLCD absorbs the incoming light which in turn increases the ambient contrast ratio (A‐CR). However, it also absorbs the photons from the OLED emission and decreases the efficiency. In our hybrid device, by placing the transparent OLED on top of the reflective LCD, the transmittance of the hybrid device is enhanced by 57.3% due to the asymmetric emission intensities from both sides of the transparent OLED. Under bright ambient conditions, the OLED could be washed out but the RLCD is activated. Hence, the tandem display exhibits a high contrast ratio (>105:1) under any ambient light conditions.
68.2: 3.5 Inch QCIF+ AM‐OLED Panel Based on Oxide TFT Backplane
Authors: Lee Ho‐Nyun , Kyung Jaewoo , Kang Sun Kil , Kim Do Youl , Sung Myeon‐Chang , Kim Seong‐Joong , Kim Chang Nam , Kim Hong Gyu , Kim Sung‐tae 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIGZO TFTs were fabricated on a glass substrate by conventional photo‐lithography and wet‐etching processes. The real mobility of our device was about 95 cm2/Vs and had very low dependence on the variation of W/L, channel length and channel width. An IGZO TFT array was also fabricated and a top emission OLED device was successfully driven by it. Therefore, the oxide TFT could be one of the promising candidates as a backplane for the OLED device.
68.3: Invited Paper: Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors for High Performance TFT
Authors: Hosono Hideo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper briefly describes unique electron transport properties of transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (TAOS) for TFT performance along with our material design concept. Emphasized is essential importance of indium ion for emergence of high field effect mobility on the basis of recent results on electronic structure calculation on amorphous InGaZnO4.
69.3: Polymer/Metal‐Oxide Composite: A Novel Buffer Layer for Solution‐Processible OLEDs
Authors: Suzuki Tsunenori , Takasu Takako , Yamagata Sachiko , Seo Satoshi , Nomura Ryoji , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe developed a novel polymer‐metal oxide composite which is suitable as a buffer layer for solution‐processible OLEDs. The composite, which consists of vanadium oxide and an amine‐containing polymer, was fabricated by a sol‐gel technique. It is possible to create Ohmic contact between the composite and electrodes, and this enabled the production of OLEDs with low driving voltage and high current efficiency.
16‐4: Development of Nano‐Sized Protective Layers for Flat Fluorescent Lamps (FFLs)
Authors: Jung K. T. , Evstropiev S. K. , Lee K. Y. , Lee K. S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe preparation of different thin and uniform continuous oxide and mixed oxide‐fluoride coatings on the glass and on the surface of particulate layers (multi‐component phosphor layers; reflective layer; MgO layer) which layers are disposed inside lamp bulb, was studied. The use of simple and industrially available technique with acidic salt solutions provides the fabrication of these coatings. The effectiveness of the using of these coatings in FFL has been demonstrated.
Cephalometric Standards for Polish 10-Year-Olds with Normal Occlusion
Authors: Obloj Barbara , Fudalej Piotr , Dudkiewicz Zofia 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To establish gender-specific normative data for Polish children at the age of 10 years.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine boys and 34 girls (mean age 10.37, SD = 0.52) of Polish ethnicity were selected based on the following criteria: Class I molar relationship, lack of crossbite or scissor-bite, positive overjet and overbite less than 5 mm, adequate amount of space in both dental arches, no visible asymmetry, and good facial proportions. Lateral cephalograms of each subject were scanned and analyzed with the use of NemoCeph NX2005 software. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were calculated for all measured variables. Independent t-tests were performed to assess the intergender differences. The results were compared to the published norms of other white populations. Normative data were presented in the tables.
Results: Intergender differences included anterior cranial base length (sella-nasion), total and lower anterior facial height (nasion-menton and ANS-menton, respectively), posterior facial height (sella-gonion), SNA angle, point A to nasion perpendicular distance, pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance, and facial axis.
Conclusions: Polish 10-year-old boys had a larger anterior cranial base, and larger total anterior, lower anterior and posterior facial heights than girls. The maxillae and chin protrusion were more pronounced in girls.
Changes in Horizontal Jaw Position and Intraoral Pressure
Authors: Takada Jun-ichi , Ono Takashi , Takahashi Shigeki , Honda Ei-ichi , Kurabayashi Tohru 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of an imbalance in buccolingual pressure that may be involved in molar dental compensation in the mandible and asymmetry of the dental arch in subjects with facial asymmetry.
Materials and Methods: We performed simultaneous measurement of the buccolingual pressure on the mandibular right first molar when subjects without facial asymmetry experimentally shifted the mandible laterally. Buccolingual pressures in the rest position (RP), right-shifted position (RS), and left-shifted position (LS) were compared. Moreover, T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in RP, RS, and LS.
Results: Tongue pressure tended to decrease in the order LS &gt; RP &gt; RS, while cheek pressure tended to increase in the order LS &lt; RP &lt; RS. The tongue/cheek pressure ratio tended to decrease in the order LS &gt; RP &gt; RS. There were significant positive (in RS) and negative (in LS) correlations between displacement of the tongue and tongue pressure.
Conclusions: This imbalance in buccolingual pressures in the laterally-shifted mandibular position may partly explain molar dental compensation in the mandible and asymmetry of the dental arch in subjects with facial asymmetry.
Diagnosis, Screening and Treatment of Root Resorption in Orthodontic Practices in Greece and Sweden
Authors: Makedonas Dimitrios , Hansen Ken 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the perception of Greek and Swedish orthodontic practitioners regarding the possible occurrence and prognosis of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment and to estimate practitioners' approaches to the diagnosis of preexisting root resorption, screening of prevalence, and treatment planning approach when moderate or severe root resorption is present.
Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were received from randomly selected Greek (n = 90) and Swedish (n = 106) practitioners. Topics of the questions included (a) the presence of history; (b) the radiographic evaluation of root resorption before, during, and after treatment; (c) the treatment approach of initial prevention and protocols in cases of radiographic diagnosis of root resorption during treatment.
Results: Of the respondents, 47.1% of the Swedish practitioners and 32.3% of the Greek practitioners use periapical and panoramic radiographs to diagnose root resorption, mostly in the anterior region. Both groups recognize trauma, root form, and oral habits as predisposing factors. The majority of Swedish orthodontists perform radiographic follow-up in the first 6 months. In contrast, the Greek orthodontists perform it at 1 year or at the end of treatment. The treatment approach for root resorption that is most frequently used by Swedish orthodontists is altering the treatment plan, using light forces, and allowing resting periods, while the Greek orthodontists most frequently use lighter forces and reduce the total duration of the treatment.
Conclusions: Because there is no specific approach offered in the literature, the prevention and treatment reassessment in cases of root resorption relies on individual practitioner perception.
Insertion Torque of Orthodontic Miniscrews According to Changes in Shape, Diameter and Length
Authors: Lim Seon-A. , Cha Jung-Yul , Hwang Chung-Ju 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the variation in the insertion torque of orthodontic miniscrews according to the screw length, diameter, and shape.
Materials and Methods: The maximum insertion torque (MIT) was measured using a torque tester at a constant speed of 3 rotations per minute. Cylindrical and taper type of miniscrews (Biomaterials Korea Inc, Seoul, Korea) with different lengths, diameters, and pitches were tested.
Results: The results showed that the insertion torque significantly increased with increasing screw length (P &lt; .01). In particular, there was a significant increase in torque with increasing screw length and diameter (P &lt; .01). An analysis of the serial insertion torque of miniscrews revealed the cylindrical type screw to have much higher insertion torque at the incomplete screw thread, while the taper type screw showed a much higher insertion torque at the final inclination part of the screw thread. The insertion torque was affected by the outer diameter, length, and shape in that order.
Conclusions: An increase in screw diameter can efficiently reinforce the initial stability of the miniscrew, but the proximity of the root at the implanted site should be considered.
Maxillary Protraction Appliance Effect on the Size of the Upper Airway Passage
Authors: Oktay Hüsamettin , Ulukaya Esengül 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that maxillary protraction appliances (MPA) have no effect on the size of the upper airway passage and craniofacial structures in adolescent patients.
Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (5 male and 15 female; mean age 11.5 years) with skeletal Class III malocclusion were included in this study. The records of all patients who had maxillary protraction treatment and had lateral head radiographs taken before and after their protraction treatments were obtained from the files of treated cases. Treatment changes were determined by means of linear, angular, and area measurements. Data were analyzed statistically by means of paired t-test and correlation analysis.
Results: Significant increases were observed in the width and area of the pharyngeal airway. Significant increases also occurred in the sagittal growth of the maxilla, while a clockwise rotation and inhibition of sagittal growth were observed in the mandible.
Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. The size of the upper airway can be increased by means of MPA application.
Electronic and Steric Effects of Atropisomeric Ligands SYNPHOS® and DIFLUORPHOS®vs. BINAPs in Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Pauson–Khand Reaction
Authors: Kim Dong Eun , Choi Choong , Kim In Su , Jeulin Séverine , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Genêt Jean‐Pierre , Jeong Nakcheol 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe electronic and steric effects of chiral biaryl diphosphine ligands on the Rh(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric Pauson–Khand type reaction were examined. We demonstrated that enantioselectivity and reaction yield were influenced by the electronic density on phosphorus, the dihedral angle of ligands and the electronic density of the alkyne substrate. Ligands bearing a narrower dihedral angle than Binap, such as Synphos (L4) and Difluorphos (L5), were found to increase substantially the enantioselectivity of the reaction, compared to Binap‐type ligands. Ligands having a deshielded phosphine, such as p‐CF3‐Binap (L3) and Difluorphos (L5) provided better enantioselectivity than Binap, with reduced formation of side products, especially with electron‐poor alkyne substrates.
Nitrogen Ligands in Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Phenols: Structure/Activity Relationships and Applications
Authors: Ouali Armelle , Spindler Jean‐Francis , Jutand Anny , Taillefer Marc 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn spite of the importance of ligand/copper‐catalyzed arylations of nucleophiles in organic chemistry, the structural and electronic features that make a ligand efficient in these reactions have not been determined until now. In this work, several bidentate ligands involving pyridine and/or imine nitrogen binding sites such as our lead ligand 1 have been synthesized, and tested in phenol arylations with a view to highlight relationships between the structure of the chelates and their efficacy. This study allowed us to more precisely define the role of each type of N‐binding site during the catalytic process, and to discover new efficient ligands. Among them, the iminopyridine 6a, which is cheap and easy‐to‐prepare in high yield, is very attractive for industrial applications. Some examples of its field of application are presented here. In the future, the development of this work could allow a more rational design of efficient ligands in arylation reactions, without resorting to classical ligand screening.
New C2‐Symmetric Diphosphite Ligands Derived from Carbohydrates: Effect of the Remote Stereocenters on Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Axet M. Rosa , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Claver Carmen , Castillón Sergio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of new modular chiral diphosphite ligands with C2‐symmetry and carbohydrate backbone is reported. We also report here the synthesis of the corresponding rhodium complexes [Rh(COD)(L)]BF4 (L=diphosphite). All these species have been characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy and in some cases in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction. The solution structures of the hydridorhodiumcarbonyl species [RhH(CO)2(L)], where L=diphosphites 12a–14a, 12b, have been studied using high‐pressure NMR spectroscopy. The configuration and substitution of the remote stereocentres in positions 2 and 5 of the tetrahydrofuran ring of the diphosphite ligands were observed to have a considerable influence on the results obtained in the rhodium‐catalysed hydroformylation and hydrogenation reactions. Thus, the configuration of the major isomer obtained in the hydroformylation reaction may be controlled by changing the configuration of these stereocentres.