bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus
Escapes More Efficiently from the Phagosome of a Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cell Line than from Its Normal Counterpart
Authors: Jarry Todd M. , Cheung Ambrose L. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is frequently the initial bacterium isolated from young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and yet its role in CF disease progression has not been determined. Recent data from our lab demonstrates that
S. aureus
can invade and replicate within the CF tracheal epithelial cell line (CFT-1). Here we describe the finding that the fate of internalized
S. aureus
in CFT-1 cells differs from its complemented counterpart (LCFSN).
S. aureus
strain RN6390 was able to replicate within the mutant CFT-1 cells after invasion but not in the complemented LCFSN cells. At 1 h postinvasion,
S. aureus
containing vesicles within both cell lines acquired vacuolar-ATPase, lysosomal markers LAMP 1 and 2, and the lysomotrophic dye LysoTracker to a similar degree. However, at 4 h postinvasion, the percentage of
S. aureus
within CFT-1 cells associated with these markers decreased significantly compared to LCFSN, where the association approached 100%. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that the majority of bacteria within CFT-1 cells were free in the cytosol at 4 h after invasion, whereas most
S. aureus
bacteria internalized by LCFSN cells remained within vesicles. These results demonstrate a fundamental difference in the fate of live
S. aureus
after invasion of CFT-1 versus LCFSN cell lines and may explain the propensity of
S. aureus
to cause chronic lung infection in CF patients.
LrhA RegulatesrpoSTranslation in Response to the Rcs Phosphorelay System inEscherichia coli
Authors: Peterson Celeste N. , Carabetta Valerie J. , Chowdhury Tahmeena , Silhavy Thomas J. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTRegulation of theEscherichia colistationary-phase sigma factor RpoS is complex and occurs at multiple levels in response to different environmental stresses. One protein that reduces RpoS levels is the transcription factor LrhA, a global regulator of flagellar synthesis. Here we clarify the mechanism of this repression and provide insight into the signaling pathways that feed into this regulation. We show that LrhA represses RpoS at the level of translation in a manner that is dependent on the small RNA (sRNA) chaperone Hfq. Although LrhA also represses the transcription of the sRNA RprA, its regulation of RpoS mainly occurs independently of RprA. To better understand the physiological signals affecting this pathway, a transposon mutagenesis screen was carried out to find factors affecting LrhA activity levels. The RcsCDB phosphorelay system, a cell envelope stress-sensing pathway, was found to represslrhAsynthesis. In addition, mutations in the gene encoding the DNA motor protein FtsK inducelrhAsynthesis, which may explain why such strains fail to accumulate RpoS in stationary phase.
Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations
Authors: Hutter H-P , Moshammer H , Wallner P , Kundi M 
Published: April 2006

Background:The erection of mobile telephone base stations in inhabited areas has raised concerns about possible health effects caused by emitted microwaves.Methods:In a cross-sectional study of randomly selected inhabitants living in urban and rural areas for more than one year near to 10 selected base stations, 365 subjects were investigated. Several cognitive tests were performed, and wellbeing and sleep quality were assessed. Field strength of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) was measured in the bedrooms of 336 households.Results:Total HF-EMF and exposure related to mobile telecommunication were far below recommended levels (max. 4.1 mW/m2). Distance from antennae was 24–600 m in the rural area and 20–250 m in the urban area. Average power density was slightly higher in the rural area (0.05 mW/m2) than in the urban area (0.02 mW/m2). Despite the influence of confounding variables, including fear of adverse effects from exposure to HF-EMF from the base station, there was a significant relation of some symptoms to measured power density; this was highest for headaches. Perceptual speed increased, while accuracy decreased insignificantly with increasing exposure levels. There was no significant effect on sleep quality.Conclusion:Despite very low exposure to HF-EMF, effects on wellbeing and performance cannot be ruled out, as shown by recently obtained experimental results; however, mechanisms of action at these low levels are unknown.
Phase II Study of Clofarabine in Pediatric Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jeha Sima , Gaynon Paul S. , Razzouk Bassem I. , Franklin Janet , Kadota Richard , Shen Violet , Luchtman-Jones Lori , Rytting Michael , Bomgaars Lisa R. , Rheingold Susan , Ritchey Kim , Albano Edythe , Arceci Robert J. , Goldman Stewart , Griffin Timothy , Altman Arnold , Gordon Bruce , Steinherz Laurel , Weitman Steven , Steinherz Peter 
Published: April 2006

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of clofarabine, a novel deoxyadenosine analog, in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Patients and MethodsIn a phase II, open-label, multicenter study, 61 pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed ALL received clofarabine 52 mg/m2intravenously over 2 hours daily for 5 days, every 2 to 6 weeks. The median age was 12 years (range, 1 to 20 years), and the median number of prior regimens was three (range, two to six regimens).ResultsThe response rate was 30%, consisting of seven complete remissions (CR), five CRs without platelet recovery (CRp), and six partial remissions. Remissions were durable enough to allow patients to proceed to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) after clofarabine. Median CR duration in patients who did not receive HSCT was 6 weeks, with four patients maintaining CR or CRp for 8 weeks or more (8+, 12, 37+, and 48 weeks) on clofarabine therapy alone. The most common adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were febrile neutropenia, anorexia, hypotension, and nausea.ConclusionClofarabine is active as a single agent in pediatric patients with multiple relapsed or refractory ALL. The toxicity profile is as expected in this heavily pretreated patient population. Studies exploring rational combinations of clofarabine with other agents are ongoing in an effort to maximize clinical benefit.
Metabolic scaling associated with unusual size changes during larval development of the frog,Pseudis paradoxus
Authors: de Souza Silvia Cristina R. , Kuribara Claudia M. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYThe early larvae of P. paradoxus grow large but metamorphose into relatively small frogs, the diminished post-metamorphic growth producing a marked contrast between maximum larval size and adult. Thus, O2uptake does not appear to limit the energy expenditure on growth processes,and unlike in other anuran larvae, may not be a surface area-related function in P. paradoxus larvae. The resting rates of metabolism(ṀO2) and partitioning between aquatic(ṀwO2) and aerial O2 uptake(ṀaO2) were measured on tadpoles and froglets by closed system respirometry, using water of PO2 ranging from 145 to 40 mmHg. Correlative changes in body glycogen and lactate were examined by standard enzyme assays. Scaling patterns in the growth and degrowth stages were analysed on whole-body, log-transformed data using linear regressions. In normoxia, ṀO2 was 2.1–2.5 μmol g–1 h–1 in the early larvae, increasing more than twofold on forelimb emergence and decreasing sharply in the froglets; ṀO2 varies in strict proportion to body mass (Mb), both in the growth(b=1.02) and degrowth (b=0.97) phases, according to the equation ṀO2=aMbb,where b is the scaling coefficient. ṀwO2 constitutes&gt;90% of total uptake in the growth stages, increasing with b=1.02 while ṀaO2increases with b=1.13; during degrowth there is a change in the pattern related to intensification of metamorphosis. Hypoxic water did not affect ṀO2;however, in all larval stages ṀwO2 and ṀaO2 changed with a decrease in PO2. At 60 mmHg, rates are more severely affected in the largest tadpoles, causing the b values for ṀwO2 and ṀaO2 to change to 0.11 and 1.44, respectively, in the growth phase. Glycogen and lactate levels increase out of proportion with body mass increase (b=2.05 and 1.47,respectively) in the growth stages, and increase anaerobic capacity in late metamorphosis. In hypoxic water, glycogen levels decrease in the growth stages and the largest tadpoles accumulate surplus lactate, possibly related to surfacing activity. Our results may reveal the consequences of size on energy demand at the tissue level in P. paradoxus larvae, indicating that air breathing must subsidise energy expenditure during larval development.
The role of branchial and orobranchial O2 chemoreceptors in the control of aquatic surface respiration in the neotropical fish tambaqui(Colossoma macropomum): progressive responses to prolonged hypoxia
Authors: Florindo Luiz H. , Leite Cléo A. C. , Kalinin Ana L. , Reid Stephen G. , Milsom William K. , Rantin F. Tadeu 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYThe present study examined the role of branchial and orobranchial O2 chemoreceptors in the cardiorespiratory responses, aquatic surface respiration (ASR), and the development of inferior lip swelling in tambaqui during prolonged (6 h) exposure to hypoxia. Intact fish (control) and three groups of denervated fish (bilateral denervation of cranial nerves IX+X(to the gills), of cranial nerves V+VII (to the orobranchial cavity) or of cranial nerves V alone), were exposed to severe hypoxia(PwO2=10 mmHg) for 360 min. Respiratory frequency(fr) and heart rate (fh) were recorded simultaneously with ASR. Intact (control) fish increased fr, ventilation amplitude (VAMP) and developed hypoxic bradycardia in the first 60 min of hypoxia. The bradycardia,however, abated progressively and had returned to normoxic levels by the last hour of exposure to hypoxia. The changes in respiratory frequency and the hypoxic bradycardia were eliminated by denervation of cranial nerves IX and X but were not affected by denervation of cranial nerves V or V+VII. The VAMP was not abolished by the various denervation protocols. The fh in fish with denervation of cranial nerves V or V+VII, however, did not recover to control values as in intact fish. After 360 min of exposure to hypoxia only the intact and IX+X denervated fish performed ASR. Denervation of cranial nerve V abolished the ASR behavior. However, all (control and denervated (IX+X, V and V+VII) fish developed inferior lip swelling. These results indicate that ASR is triggered by O2 chemoreceptors innervated by cranial nerve V but that other mechanisms, such as a direct effect of hypoxia on the lip tissue, trigger lip swelling.
Flocks of topological circle planes
Authors: Rosehr Nils 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We prove that every flock of a finite-dimensional
locally compact connected circle plane is homeomorphic to ℝ or

1 and that every flock of a real Miquelian circle plane
defines a compact 4-dimensional translation plane. Furthermore we investigate
(topological) properties of regulizations. These properties are used to relate
the automorphism group of a flock to the automorphism group of the corresponding
translation plane.
Importance of the detection method for intact dimeric human chorionic gonadotropin without interference with the free human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit for pregnancy exclusion before liver transplantation in a woman with cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Massart Catherine , Lucas Catherine , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie , Fergelot Patricia , Pouvreau-Quillien Véronique , Volatron Anne-Claire 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAssay of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is mainly used for the detection and monitoring of pregnancy, and for the follow-up of trophoblastic tumors. The serum free β-hCG subunit (hCGβ) is also a tumor marker in many non-trophoblastic tumors, including gastrointestinal cancers. In this work, we compared the performance of several immunoassays for pregnancy exclusion before liver transplantation and in the follow-up of a woman with cholangiocarcinoma. Serum hCG was detected with the Abbott Testpack plus hCG-Combo and measured with four automated sandwich immunoassays: ADVIA-Centaur, ACS:180, AxSYM and Dimension. hCGβ was determined by an automated fluorescence sandwich immunoassay (Kryptor-Free β hCG) and with a specific immunoradiometric assay (ELSA-F β hCG, Schering). The expression of hCG was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry on sections of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells and on peritoneal metastases. Before transplantation, discordant results were observed for pregnancy exclusion. Qualitative Testpack and Dimension tests detected no hCG-like immunoreactivity, whereas the ADVIA-Centaur, ACS:180 and AxSYM tests revealed positive levels. The same discrepancy was obtained in follow-up of the patient after liver transplantation. hCGβ assay and immunohistochemical staining revealed tumor cell secretion of hCGβ. In conclusion, a specific serum immunoassay for intact dimeric hCG without cross-reaction with hCGβ should be adopted as routine policy for pregnancy exclusion before liver transplantation.
Verbal humor without switching scripts and without non-bona fide communication
Authors: Morreall John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAccording to Raskin's script-theory, five factors are necessary for verbal humor: 1) a switch from the bona fide mode of communication to the non-bona fide mode of joke-telling; 2) the text of an intended joke; 3) two (partially) overlapping scripts compatible with the text; 4) an oppositeness relation between the two scripts; and 5) a trigger, obvious or implied, realizing the oppositeness relation. I argue that although this theory works well with prepared fictional jokes, it does not explain all verbal humor. The reason is that prepared fictional jokes are a sophisticated kind of verbal humor with features which are not shared by other kinds of verbal humor. I illustrate with examples of semantic, phonetic, and pragmatic techniques for creating verbal humor without switching scripts and/or without switching to non-bona fide communication.
The perception of subtitled humor in Italy
Authors: Antonini Rachele 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDespite the central place occupied by language transfer of audiovisual products, particularly in the European cinema and television sector, audience perception of both dubbing and subtitling is a largely neglected field of study and research. When, however, we start looking into the available research on the perception of translated humor and, more specifically, of the perception of humor as rendered into another language by subtitles, we realize that this is an even more neglected and unexplored field of study. This paper will attempt to address the effectiveness of subtitles in the appreciation and perception of humor, and, more specifically, will present an overview of the scant literature and research published on this subject.
Regulation on Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms in Australia
Authors: Ludlow Karinne 
Published: April 2006

IntroductionUntil recently there were no specific regulatory controls on the development and release of agricultural genetically modified organisms (‘GMOs’) or their products in Australia. A voluntary and self-regulatory system had existed since the mid-seventies but there were no direct legal repercussions where those ‘regulations’ were not adhered to. Commercialisation of GMOs’ end products was also not specifically regulated. Some end products were subject to general regulation which applied regardless of whether genetic modification (‘GM’) was used in their production. Other GM end products were not regulated at all. This Article concerns the regulatory background against which agricultural GMO commercialisers must act in Australia. It does not concern cloning of human beings and associated techniques, which are prohibited in Australia pursuant to the
Property in a Human Body: A Common Law Approach
Authors: Hilmer Sarah E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIntroductionWhether any property right in a human body exists remains a highly debatable and delicate topic worldwide. This sensitive issue raises more and more attention since technology develops enormously fast so that the law-makers can hardly follow, not only because of the constantly increasing development of the growing fields and research areas of medicine, but also because it seems to be a great burden on their shoulders to make proper law, which should neither be too narrow nor too broad. Thus, it remains the question where to draw the line whereby policy, moral and ethical considerations and implications needs to be taken into account.
Logic, Reality and Mind Style in Alan Bennett's The Lady in the Van
Authors: McIntyre Dan 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Work on mind style (Fowler 1977) has suggested that unusual world views may be indicated in fiction via such elements as deviant grammatical constructions, graphological deviation and the use of certain conceptual metaphors. In this article I suggest that a further way in which a deviant mind style can be indicated is through the abnormal use of inductive logic. I also propose that the sociological notion of paradigms of reality (Harris 1984) may be employed in the analysis of mind style to distinguish between those mind styles which are the result of genuine cognitive impairment and those which are employed simply for tactical reasons.
(Re)thinking modality: A text-world perspective
Authors: Gavins Joanna 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The late Paul Werth’s model of human discourse
processing, Text World Theory (Werth 1994, 1995a, 1995b, and 1999), has been
subject to some dramatic evolutionary changes over the last decade. Here I
examine in particular the text-worlds created by the presence of modalized
propositions in literary fiction and suggest a number of modifications to
Werth’s (1999) handling of this area of discourse. I question Werth’s
explanation of modality and use Simpson’s (1993) modal grammar of narrative
fiction to formulate a refined text-world account of the conceptual structure of
modalized propositions. As a consequence of this investigation, however, I also
suggest that a text-world perspective on modality may have much to offer both to
Simpson’s modal grammar and to our understanding of modality as a
whole.
Vers une théorie générale de la fiction
Authors: Jacquenod Claudine 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Cet article remet en question une définition de la
fiction parue en 1988, dans un ouvrage intitulé « Contribution à une étude
du concept de fiction » (Peter Lang). Etant fondée sur la théorie des actes de
langage, cette définition présentait en effet l’inconvénient de ne pouvoir
s’appliquer qu’aux fictions verbales.
Une nouvelle définition est donc proposée dans cet
article, faisant apparaître clairement la fiction comme un concept de nature
pragmaticosémiotique : une fiction est une représentation, verbale ou non
verbale, qu’un auteur produit consciemment dans le but de la transmettre à un
destinataire. En transmettant cette représentation, l’auteur de la fiction
adopte une attitude spécifique, consistant à inviter le destinataire à imaginer
un monde fictif dont les caractéristiques sont compatibles avec celles du monde
décrit dans la représentation.
Sur la base de cette définition, l’article recense
des exemplifications de fictions aussi diverses que possible, selon la nature
de leur support de représentation et selon leur fonction, puis il pose la
question du rôle des fictions dans notre vie quotidienne et, en particulier, sur
la manière dont elles nous apprennent quelque chose sur le monde
réel.
Art — depression — fiction: A variation on René Thom’s three important kinds of human activity
Authors: Augustyn Prisca 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The construct of ‘alexithymia,’ formulated in
the late 1960s, described the inability to express one’s feelings as a deficit
in the signifying-abilities of men and women. In this study, the profile
of the alexithemic serves as a point of reference for a discussion
concerning language and consciousness and the cognitive/neuroscientific turn in the
past decades. The objectives of this paper are to show that the
cognitive/neuroscientific turn profoundly affected the understanding of alexithymia in particular
and the relationship between language and consciousness in general. As
the dominant cognitive/neuroscientific models of consciousness ignore the social
embeddedness and the importance of the signifying abilities of human beings,
this paper presents alternative models of consciousness and issues of
intersubjectivity by proposing a variation on a model from René Thom’s
‘catastrophe theory’ and Uexküll’s theory of ‘autoambience.’ These models,
predicated upon social embeddedness and semiotic ability, explain how certain
circumstances, such as are often identified as ‘depression,’ can be catalysts of
productive outcome. In particular, the notion of ‘play’ in René Thom’s
catastrophe theory underscores the primacy of ‘language play’ as a combinatorial
signifying activity with a restorative function that is exemplified in the
notion of fiction in the work of David Lodge.
Dritter Bericht zur griechischen Patristik: Über Editionen und Textkritik, Handschriften, Instrumente und Verwandtes (1998-2001) (2. Teil)
Authors: Uthemann Karl-Heinz 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Hier werden auch Editionen genannt, die im wesentlichen nichts Neues zur Textkritik beitragen, wohl aber eine Übersetzung anbieten.
Strafgesetzgebungstechnik in Deutschland und Europa
Authors: Scheffler Uwe 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Einleitung: Zwischen Kasuistik und Generalisierung
Vor gut einem Vierteljahrhundert hat Heinrich Honsell, der Wanderer zwischen deutschen, österreicherischen und schweizerischen Rechtsfakultäten,in seiner Salzburger Antrittsvorlesung „Vom heutigen Stil der Gesetzgebung“konstatiert: Man habe schon in der Antike „erkannt, daß der Gesetzgeberzwischen der Skylla einer über das Ziel hinausschießenden, die Gefahrungewollter Verallgemeinerung heraufbeschwörenden Abstraktion und der Charybdis einer das Ziel nie erreichenden, notwendig unvollständigen Kasuistikden richtigen Weg finden muß“.
Nun zeigt diese Beschreibung schon, dass es havarieträchtig wäre, etwa mit dem leider „heute nahezu vergessene[n] … ‚Papst‘ des Prozeßrechts“ Adolf Wach kurz zu meinen, „mit der fortschreitenden Kultur“ müsse sichdie Strafgesetzgebungstechnik „von der Kasuistik zur Generalisierung“ erheben.Kasuistik ist zwar sicher ein Relikt, solange eine Norm einen Sachverhaltnicht verallgemeinert, sondern sich damit begnügt, nur einen speziellen Fall zu regeln. Die oft zitierte Regelung in der lex salica aus dem 6. Jahrhundertüber die Verwundung am Kopfe, bei der drei Knochensplitter oberhalbdes Gehirnes hervortreten, möge als Beispiel dienen – vielleicht aber auch§ 266a Abs. 3 des heutigen deutschen StGB, das Veruntreuen von Arbeitsentgelt.
„Krieg gegen den Terror“ –Konsequenzen für ein rechtsstaatliches Strafrecht
Authors: Albrecht Peter-Alexis 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Das Strafrecht kann den Staat nicht schützen, es kann nur Unrecht öffentlich skandalisieren und sanktionieren. Der „Krieg gegen den Terror“ hat ein auf den ersten Blick nicht sogleich erkennbares, weiteres Opfer: Die Vernichtung des rechtsstaatlichen Strafrechts steht bevor. Schon länger ist die Rede vom „Feindstrafrecht“ (Günther Jakobs), das die Menschenwürde teilenwill und der Rechtsvernichtung Vorschub leistet. Es ist deshalb aktuelle Aufgabe einer europäischen Strafrechtswissenschaft, Entwicklung und Schutz eines prinzipiengeleiteten Strafrechts in Europa als Herausforderunganzunehmen, um im „Krieg gegen den Terror“ bestehen zu können. Esbedarf hierzu einiger Impulse.