bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of claudin‐3 and claudin‐4 receptors in uterine serous papillary carcinoma
Authors: Santin Alessandro D. , Bellone Stefania , Marizzoni Moira , Palmieri Michela , Siegel Eric R. , McKenney Jesse K. , Hennings Leah , Comper Fabrizio , Bandiera Elisabetta , Pecorelli Sergio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) represents a highly aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. Using gene expression profiling, we recently identified high expression of the claudin‐3 and claudin‐4 receptors in a limited set of USPC. These tight junction proteins represent the low‐ and high‐affinity receptors, respectively, for the cytotoxic Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) and are sufficient to mediate CPE binding and trigger subsequent toxin‐mediated cytolysis. The potential for targeting this pathway in the treatment of USPC was explored.METHODS.Claudin‐3 and claudin‐4 receptor expression was analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels in flash‐frozen and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from 20 consecutive USPC patients. The potential of recombinant CPE as a novel therapy against primary, metastatic, and chemotherapy‐resistant USPC cell lines was also investigated in vitro. Finally, the in vivo therapeutic effect of sublethal doses of CPE was studied in SCID mouse xenografts harboring subcutaneous and intraperitoneal USPC that expressed claudin‐3 and claudin‐4.RESULTS.In all, 100% (20 out of 20) of the primary flash‐frozen USPC tested overexpressed 1 or both CPE receptors by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Membranous immunoreactivity for claudin‐4 protein expression was documented in the majority of USPC specimens tested by immunohistochemistry, whereas only a low level of membranous staining was found in normal endometrial control tissue samples. When primary and metastatic short‐term USPC cell lines were incubated with different concentrations of CPE in vitro, a dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect was demonstrated. In vivo, intratumoral injections of well‐tolerated doses of CPE in large subcutaneous USPC xenografts led to large areas of tumor cell necrosis and tumor disappearance in all the treated animals, whereas sublethal intraperitoneal injections of CPE had a significant inhibitory effect on tumor progression, with extended survival of animals harboring chemotherapy‐resistant intra‐abdominal USPC carcinomatosis.CONCLUSIONS.Claudin‐3 and claudin‐4 receptors may offer promising targets for the use of CPE as a novel type‐specific therapy against this highly aggressive and chemotherapy‐resistant variant of endometrial cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Comorbidity is an independent predictor of complete remission in elderly patients receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Etienne Anne , Esterni Benjamin , Charbonnier Aude , Mozziconacci Marie‐Joëlle , Arnoulet Christine , Coso Diane , Puig Brigitte , Gastaut Jean‐Albert , Maraninchi Dominique , Vey Norbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a poor prognosis, which is explained by the disease itself and by host‐related factors. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic role of comorbidities in this population.METHODS.For this single‐center, retrospective study, the authors analyzed the outcome of 133 patients aged ≥70 years who received induction chemotherapy for nonpromyelocytic AML between 1995 and 2004. Comorbidities were evaluated by using an adapted form of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).RESULTS.The median patient age was 73 years. The CCI score was 0 for 83 patients (68%), 1 for 16 patients (13%), and >1 for 23 patients (19%). The complete remission (CR) rate was 56%, and the median overall survival was 9 months. In multivariate analysis, 4 adverse prognostic factors for CR were identified: unfavorable karyotype, leukocytosis ≥30 g/L, CD34 expression on leukemic cells, and CCI >1. A score could be generated to allow the stratification of patients into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups with CR rates of 87%, 63%, and 37%, respectively. The risk of early mortality and the probability of survival also were different in the 3 risk groups (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively).CONCLUSIONS.The results from this study indicated that associated comorbidities are independent factors that may influence achievement of CR in elderly patients with AML. Such a scoring system may be useful in the prognostic staging systems that are used to identify patients with AML who can benefit from induction chemotherapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Current status of radiotherapy with proton and light ion beams
Authors: Greco Carlo , Wolden Suzanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral model studies have shown potential clinical advantages with charged particles (protons and light ions) compared with 3D‐conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in many disease sites. The newly developed intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) often yields superior dose distributions to photon IMRT, with the added advantage of a significant reduction in the volume of healthy normal tissues exposed to low‐to‐medium doses. Initially, the major emphasis in clinical research for proton and light ion therapy was dose escalation for inherently radioresistant tumors, or for lesions adjacent to critical normal structures that constrained the dose that could be safely delivered with conventional x‐ray therapy. Since the advent of IMRT the interest in particle therapy has gradually shifted toward protocols aimed at morbidity reduction. Lately the emphasis has mostly been placed on the potential for reduced risk of radiation‐induced carcinogenesis with protons. Compared with 3D‐CRT, a 2‐fold increase has been theoretically estimated with the use of IMRT due to the larger integral volumes. In the pediatric setting, due to a higher inherent susceptibility of tissues, the risk could be significant, and the benefits of protons have been strongly emphasized in the literature. There is a significant expansion of particle therapy facilities around the world. Increasing public awareness of the potential benefits of particle therapy and wider accessibility for patients require that treating physicians stay abreast of the clinical indications of this radiotherapy modality. The article reviews the available literature for various disease sites in which particle therapy has traditionally been considered to offer clinical advantages and to highlight current lines of clinical research. The issue of radiation‐induced second malignancies is examined in the light of the controversial epidemiological evidence available. The cost‐effectiveness of particle therapy is also discussed. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Detection of circulating urothelial cancer cells in the blood using the CellSearch System
Authors: Naoe Michio , Ogawa Yoshio , Morita Jun , Omori Kei , Takeshita Kumiko , Shichijyo Takeshi , Okumura Taisuke , Igarashi Atsushi , Yanaihara Atsushi , Iwamoto Sanju , Fukagai Takashi , Miyazaki Akira , Yoshida Hideki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to aid in the therapeutic management of patients. But, only a few attempts have been made at the detection of urothelial cancer cells in the blood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that CTCs are detected in patients with urothelial cancers using newly developed CellSearch Assay.METHODS.Firstly, the bladder cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the reagents for immunocytochemical detection. After, mixed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy volunteers, bladder cancer cells were stained with antibodies then multiparameter flow cytometric analysis was performed for the identification of bladder cancer cells in the PBMCs. Secondary, recovery of known numbers of spiked bladder cancer cells from whole blood was examined using CellSearch Assay. Finally, blood samples from nonmetastatic and metastatic urothelial cancer patients were investigated for CTC detection using CellSearch Assay.RESULTS.1: Flow cytometric analysis revealed that it is possible to identify bladder cancer cells in PBMCs. 2: Sensitivity examination for detection of urothelial cancer cells with CellSearch Assay: Single regression analysis of the spiked number of cells vs. the recovered number of cells yielded a good correlation in this experiment. 3: Urothelial cancer cells were detected in 8 of fourteen patients (57.1%) with distant metastasis. Despite, no patient with nonmetastatic urothelial cancers showed positive result for this assay.CONCLUSION.This is the first report of attempt to detect circulating urothelial cancer cells in the peripheral blood of the patients with metastatic and nonmetastatic urothelial cancers by CellSearch Assay. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Conditional survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fuller Clifton D. , Wang Samuel J. , Thomas Charles R. , Hoffman Henry T. , Weber Randal S. , Rosenthal David I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Survival statistics for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are commonly calculated from the time of diagnosis. The less commonly employed conditional survival (CS) analyzes survival for patients who have survived a period of time after diagnosis. Useful prognostic information for cancer survivors is provided by CS analysis. Estimated baseline CS parameters for HNSCC were sought using large‐scale cancer registry data.METHODS.HNSCC cases identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were accessed to identify those diagnosed between 1973 and 1998. Five‐year observed, relative, and cumulative CS calculations were performed, with secondary stratification by site, extent of disease, and age.RESULTS.The overall 5‐year observed survival for all sites increased from 47.8% for 76,181 included patients from the time of diagnosis to 64.4% for those 43,985 patients alive at 3 years, and thereafter plateaus. The greatest increase in CS was for oropharyngeal cancers, which more than doubled over the first decade of surveillance (26.5%–60%). Distant disease showed a 10‐year increase in CS (17.4%–60.4%), whereas localized disease CS was essentially static, ranging from 66.1% to 68.5%; for those over 65 at diagnosis it ranged from 39.9–52.9%, whereas patients <65 years at diagnosis ranged from 53.8–73.5%.CONCLUSIONS.Benchmark CS estimates for domestic HNSCC cohorts were developed from the SEER database. CS is a useful tool to assist clinicians in predicting the probability of demise from HNSCC for patients surviving 1 or more year after diagnosis. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Color‐emotion associations and color preferences: A case study for residences
Authors: Manav Banu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examines existing beliefs about “color” focusing on color‐emotion associations by discussing how color can be used as a way of communicator to fulfill human needs in residences. Fifty people from various age groups participated in the study. They were asked to match a list of adjectives with the proper color samples from the catalogue of a quite popular color producer firm in Turkey. Results indicate that there is a strong dependency between the choice and use of green at residences. Emotional responses to colors change with value and saturation levels. According to the test results, gender and age are determining factors in the selection of achromatic black. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 144 – 150, 2007
Optimal fluorescent colors
Authors: Couzin Dennis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article poses and discusses a maximization problem: for a given chromaticity, and in a given illumination, how light a fluorescent color is possible. The article does not present a solution, but does offer a conjecture that for many illuminants and many chromaticities the greatest lightness is achieved by a simple form of bispectral function. The output is in two points plus a tail, so we call it a “PPT” function. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 85 – 91, 2007
Development of the idea of simple colors in the 16th and early 17th centuries
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of the idea of simple or fundamental colors in Western culture from classical Greece to the early 17th century is shown, with particular emphasis on writers in the 16th and early 17th centuries. Four streams of thought are found: (1) Aristotle's seven colors, congruent with seven tastes and seven tones, thus symptomatic of an underlying general harmony; (2) Four‐basic‐color sequences where colors are emblematic of the four classical elements; (3) Spectral sequences; (4) Three simple chromatic colors between white and black, based on colorant mixture. In the late 16th century seven‐color sequences came to represent categorical sequences, in addition to shorter fundamental color sequences. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 92 – 99, 2007
Changes in fluorescence intensity of selected leukocyte surface markers following fixation
Authors: Stewart Judith C. , Villasmil Michelle L. , Frampton Mark W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:Immunophenotyping of blood leukocytes often involves fixation with paraformaldehyde prior to cytometry analysis. However, the influence of cell type and marker specificity on the stability of fluorescence intensity after fixation has not been well studied.Methods:Human whole blood was stained using a panel of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled antibodies to surface markers. Unfixed and fixed samples were analyzed by flow cytometry at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 h after staining. Fluorescence measurements were converted to molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome for comparison.Results:Fixation caused a significant decrease in both forward and side scatter at 48 h which required gating adjustments to achieve resolution of cell populations. The autofluorescence increased progressively in fixed samples (ninefold at 96 h for monocytes). Variable decreases in marker‐associated fluorescence became apparent after correction for autofluorescence. The magnitude of the decrease at 96 h varied with cell type and marker, from 5% for CD32 on monocytes to 39% for CD16 on neutrophils.Conclusion:The change in fluorescence intensity following staining and fixation of leukocytes varies with cell type and surface marker. Fluorescence stability should be determined for each cell type and marker used, and the confounding effects of fixation on cell autofluorescence should be considered. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology.
BMP and FGF regulatory pathways in semilunar valve precursor cells
Authors: Zhao Bin , Etter Laura , Hinton Robert B. , Benson D. Woodrow 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the developing atrioventricular (AV) valve, limb bud, and somites, cartilage cell lineage differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), while fibroblast growth factor (FGF) controls tendon cell fate. We observed aggrecan and sox9, characteristic of cartilage cell types, and scleraxis and tenascin, characteristic of tendon cell types, in developing avian semilunar valves. Addition of BMP4 to outflow tract (OFT) precursor cells of young (E4.5) but not older (E6) chick embryos activated Smad1/5/8 and induced sox9 and aggrecan expression, while FGF4 treatment increased phosphorylated MAPK (dpERK) signaling and promoted expression of scleraxis and tenascin. These results identify BMP and FGF pathways that promote expression of cartilage‐ or tendon‐like characteristics in semilunar valve precursor cells. In contrast to AV valve precursor cells, which diversify into leaflets (cartilage‐like) or chordae tendineae (tendon‐like), semilunar valve cells exhibit both cartilage‐ and tendon‐like characteristics in the developing and mature valve cusp. Developmental Dynamics 236:971–980, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microarray analysis of homocysteine‐responsive genes in cardiac neural crest cells in vitro
Authors: Rosenquist T.H. , Bennett G.D. , Brauer P.R. , Stewart M.L. , Chaudoin T.R. , Finnell R.H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe amino acid homocysteine increases in the serum when there is insufficient folic acid or vitamin B12, or with certain mutations in enzymes important in methionine metabolism. Elevated homocysteine is related to increased risk for cardiovascular and other diseases in adults and elevated maternal homocysteine increases the risk for certain congenital defects, especially those that result from abnormal development of the neural crest and neural tube. Experiments with the avian embryo model have shown that elevated homocysteine perturbs neural crest/neural tube migration in vitro and in vivo. Whereas there have been numerous studies of homocysteine‐induced changes in gene expression in adult cells, there is no previous report of a homocysteine‐responsive transcriptome in the embryonic neural crest. We treated neural crest cells in vitro with exogenous homocysteine in a protocol that induces significant changes in neural crest cell migration. We used microarray analysis and expression profiling to identify 65 transcripts of genes of known function that were altered by homocysteine. The largest set of effected genes (19) included those with a role in cell migration and adhesion. Other major groups were genes involved in metabolism (13); DNA/RNA interaction (11); cell proliferation/apoptosis (10); and transporter/receptor (6). Although the genes identified in this experiment were consistent with prior observations of the effect of homocysteine upon neural crest cell function, none had been identified previously as response to homocysteine in adult cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:1044–1054, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computerized screening for visual stress in children with dyslexia
Authors: Singleton Chris , Henderson Lisa‐Marie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVisual stress—a condition in which unpleasant visual symptoms are experienced when reading—has been reported to be more prevalent in dyslexic individuals but at the present time the relationship between dyslexia and visual stress remains controversial. ViSS, a computerized visual stress screener that incorporates reading‐like visual search, has recently shown promise in studies with unselected samples of primary and secondary school children. This study investigated the use of ViSS with dyslexic children. Dyslexic children identified as having high visual stress showed significantly higher per cent increases in reading rate with a coloured overlay and reported significantly higher critical symptoms of visual stress, compared to dyslexic children with low visual stress. The same results were found for reading‐age controls, indicating that ViSS can be equally effective with normal readers as well as with children with dyslexia. Compared to reading‐age controls, dyslexic children were found to have significantly higher susceptibility to visual stress, significantly larger per cent increases in reading rate with an overlay, and significantly higher critical and non‐critical symptoms of visual stress. Extrapolated to unselected population samples, the data also suggest that visual stress is more likely to be found in people with dyslexia than in people who do not have dyslexia. These results, which point to an important link between the two conditions, are discussed in relation to current theories that attribute visual stress to either a magnocellular dysfunction or cortical hyperexcitability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly variable expression of tissue‐restricted self‐antigens in human thymus: Implications for self‐tolerance and autoimmunity
Authors: Taubert Richard , Schwendemann Jochen , Kyewski Bruno 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInduction of T cell tolerance in the thymus (central tolerance) is essential for preventing organ‐specific autoimmunity. This apparent paradox is in part explained by promiscuous expression of numerous tissue‐restricted self‐antigens (TRA) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC), which is highly conserved between mice and man. In animal models, the threshold of central tolerance towards such TRA is surprisingly sensitive towards minor shifts in antigen expression levels and this might also be the case in humans. To precisely assess the inter‐individual variability of TRA expression in man, we determined the level of transcription of several auto‐antigens in purified human mTEC and subsets thereof by quantitative RT‐PCR. We detected two expression patterns: first, high variability (>20‐fold) correlated with autoimmune regulator (Aire) expression and mTEC differentiation, and secondly, non‐correlated low variability. Importantly, our approach revealed a significantly higher Aire–correlated insulin transcription in mTEC of carriers of the protective insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus locus 2 haplotype compared to the non‐protective haplotype. The considerable, yet selective variability in thymic expression levels of target auto‐antigen expression might constitute a hitherto underestimated risk factor for the susceptibility of autoimmune diseases in man.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737152
Aire‐ing self antigen variability and tolerance
Authors: Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPositional cloning of the underlying genes for the rare syndrome autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidadiasis extrodermal dystrophy (APECED) opened a new venue of research on the role of central tolerance in autoimmunity. The associated autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE), was found to be expressed in medullary thymus epithelial cells (mTEC) in both man and mice, and to control promiscuous expression of sets of self antigens. The lack of AIRE in both mice and man led to the development of a quite specific, but also an inter‐individual variable, set of autoimmune and infectious diseases. An article in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that several autoantigens controlled by AIRE are variably expressed in different human individuals. Most importantly it is shown that carriers of the type 1 diabetes (T1D) associated locus IDDM2 show lower expression of insulin in mTEC, as controlled by AIRE. The genetic variability of autoantigen expression in the thymus thus seems to determine the variable predisposition to autoimmunity.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636962
Monohydrocalcite and Its Relationship to Hydrated Amorphous Calcium Carbonate in Biominerals
Authors: Neumann Markus , Epple Matthias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCalcium carbonate monohydrate (monohydrocalcite) is prepared and structurally characterised by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS), thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It is compared to hydrated phases of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) that have frequently been observed in biomineralisation. The crystal water is more strongly bound than in hydrated ACC phases, and monohydrocalcite can be distinguished from ACC by its IR spectrum. The EXAFS results suggest that monohydrocalcite is a suitable model for some biogenic and synthetic ACC phases, although not for all of them. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)