bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of folic acid, tissue iron stores, and tissue viability in determining iron uptake from serum by thyroid tissue slices
Authors: Buchanan W. M. 
Published: June 2007

This paper describes an attempt to measurein vitroiron uptake from serum by human thyroid slices and to relate the uptake to tissue iron stores, folic acid status, and tissue viability. It is an extension of work previously reported (Buchanan, 1969).Thyroids were obtained from patients undergoing partial thyroidectomy for colloid goitre and serum from clinically normal healthy adults. The haemoglobin, serum iron, and folic acid levels of both thyroid and serum donors were measured and thyroids examined histologically for the presence of stainable iron. Viable and non-viable tissue slices were incubated in sera treated with radioactive iron so as to produce high and normal levels of transferrin saturation.Iron was taken up both from sera with normal and high transferrin saturation but the amount was, in almost all cases, greater from the more highly saturated.The uptake by non-viable tissue was appreciable but did not vary to any great extent from one serum to the next, and was attributed to simple diffusion of ionic iron into the tissue. There was, however, marked variation in uptake from different sera by viable tissue. It was concluded therefore that viability is a factor affecting the uptake. As the variation in uptake by viable tissue incubated in a single serum was significantly less than tissue incubated in a number of different sera it was further concluded that there was also a factor in the serum itself affecting iron uptake. The nature of the factor was not elucidated but neither folic acid nor levels of iron stores appeared to influence uptake because no correlation was found between iron uptake and iron stores or folic acid.
Laboratory control of heparin therapy
Authors: O'Shea M. J. , Flute P. T. , Pannell G. M. 
Published: June 2007

The effect of heparin therapy was followed in 50 patients treated for thrombo-embolic disease. Individual response to a standard dose of 40,000 units of heparin daily showed a considerable variation and the effect was not constant on subsequent days. Five of the 50 patients developed a serious haemorrhage.It is proposed that to ensure the adequacy of treatment detectable levels of heparin should be obtained but because of the high risk of bleeding these levels should not be excessive.The results suggest that control of heparin therapy can be based on the thrombin clotting time. Using this test it is advised that treatment is monitored daily in order to achieve a plasma heparin level of up to 1 mg per 100 ml.
Stability of prothrombin and factor VII in freeze-dried plasma
Authors: Brozović M. , Gurd L. J. , Robertson I. , Bangham D. R. 
Published: June 2007

The stability of prothrombin and factor VII was studied using accelerated degradation tests in three preparations of freeze-dried pooled normal plasmas. In a previous report (Brozović, Gurd, Robertson, and Bangham, 1971) factor X was shown to be relatively unstable in these preparations of freeze-dried plasma: it was calculated that up to 8% of the original factor X activity would be lost after 10 years at −20°C, up to 54% at 4°C, and up to 90% at room temperature.The losses of factor VII activity were estimated to be negligible at −20°C, between 2 and 18% at 4°C, and between 20 and 70% of the original activity at 20°C, after 10 years of storage. Prothrombin was found to be less stable than factor VII: the expected loss in 10 years at −20°C may be up to 4%, at 4°C up to 30%, and at 20°C up to 83% of the initial activity. These findings indicate that in freeze-dried plasma prothrombin as well as factor X may be insufficiently stable for plasma to serve as long-term reference material for the standardization of the one-stage prothrombin time. Moreover, the loss of prothrombin and factor X in freeze-dried plasma stored at 4°C may be so high that when it is required to preserve these factors it may be necessary to store freeze-dried plasma at lower temperatures.
The effect ofpH on the multiplication of a pseudomonad in chlorhexidine and cetrimide
Authors: Bassett D. C. J. 
Published: June 2007

Pseudomonas cepacia(Ps. multivorans) can become adapted to a 1 in 30 dilution of Savlon hospital concentrate in distilled water, and can multiply in it.The organism so adapted did not survive in Savlon of the same strength made with hard tap water (pH 7·2).This effect was due to the difference ofpH between the two solutions.At thepH of the distilled water solution (pH 6·0) Savlon also showed reduced activity againstProteus vulgaris,but activity againstPs. aeruginosawas not affected.
Bacteriocine typing of Klebsiella spp
Authors: Hall Felicity A. 
Published: June 2007

One hundred and six strains of Klebsiella spp were examined for their ability to produce bacteriocine. Nine of these, together with one strain from the National Collection of Type Cultures, were selected and used to type Klebsiella strains from various sources. Strains were typed by testing their sensitivity to bacteriocines produced by the standard set of 10 strains. Eight hundred strains were tested and 77% of these were typable and could be divided into a relatively large number of groups, some of which occurred consistently more frequently than others.This simple method has been shown to have some value in epidemiological investigations.
Quantitative studies on the salivary flora
Authors: Ross P. W. 
Published: June 2007

In a quantitative bacteriological study of the salivary flora from 50 children the following aerobic organisms were identified and enumerated: alpha-haemolytic streptococci, beta-haemolytic streptococci,Streptococcus faecalis, pneumococci,Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. albusandStaph. citreus, Neisseria spp, N. meningitidis, corynebacteria, aerobic lactobacilli,B. subtilis, H. influenzae, coliform organisms, andCandida spp. Many of the known potentially pathogenic members were present in large numbers.It is suggested that knowledge of the relative numbers of the organisms that comprise the salivary flora will lead to a greater understanding of the ecology of the mouth and of the pathogenesis of oral infections.
The effect on sepsis rates of closing and cleaning hospital wards
Authors: Noone Paul , Griffiths Rose J. 
Published: June 2007

Sepsis rates were studied in five hospital wards before and after closure for cleaning. Each ward was closed because of an outbreak ofStaph. aureusinfection caused by a cloxacillin-resistant strain.The study shows that sepsis rates, especially sepsis caused by hospital strains ofStaph. aureus, were greatly reduced in the three-month period following re-opening of the ward, provided that patients infected with such organisms were not readmitted to or allowed to remain in the ward.
Sudden unexplained death in infancy and hyperimmunization
Authors: Urquhart G. E. D. , Logan R. W. , Izatt M. M. 
Published: June 2007

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations, predominantly IgM, were raised in 72% of 39 sudden infant death cases, consistent with a state of prolonged or repeated antigenic stimulation.Anti-antibody was found in cases of sudden death significantly more frequently than in ill but living control infants. It is suggested that anti-antibody might participate in fatal anaphylaxis in such cases.
Seasonal variation of streptococcal vulvo-vaginitis in an urban community
Authors: Morris C. A. 
Published: June 2007

A study was made of patients investigated by general practitioners.Over a three-year periodStreptococcus pyogenes(group A) was isolated most commonly from vaginal and vulval swabs collected in the winter. The serotypes of strains indicate that some had probably been derived from the skin and others from the respiratory tract. The two sources are thought to have masked a consistent, but not obvious, seasonal variation in streptococcal vulvo-vaginitis acquired usually from streptococcal infections of the respiratory tract in winter and from those of the skin in summer.
Human antibody response to lipopolysaccharides fromNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Ward M. E. , Glynn A. A. 
Published: June 2007

Red cells coated with lipopolysaccharides from three different strains ofNeisseria gonorhoeaehave been used as antigens in a haemagglutination test for gonococcal antibodies. For each strain the geometric mean titre in sera from 50 male and 25 female patients was significantly higher than that in 50 normal controls.The most useful smooth strain, G1, picked out 84% of females and 46% of males from a group of patients known to have gonorrhoea, but only gave 2% positives among controls. The rough strain, G2, gave 10% positives in controls and 31% in patients. The results suggest that the method is worth developing further as a diagnostic test and that strain differences are important. False positives were probably due to cross-reacting antibodies.
An evaluation of three methods of typing organisms of the genus Proteus
Authors: Tracy Oonagh , Thomson E. Jean 
Published: June 2007

An assessment of three simple methods of typing Proteus strains is described. The methods chosen were biochemical typing, bacteriocine typing, and typing by means of the Dienes phenomenon. Dienes typing was deemed to be superior to biochemical typing and bacteriocine typing.A brief discussion on the relationship between the Dienes phenomenon and bacteriocine production is appended.
The partial thromboplastin (cephalin) time test
Authors: Poller L. , Thomson Jean M. 
Published: June 2007

Nine partial thromboplastin (cephalin) reagents have been compared in a parallel investigation of groups of patients on `long-term' anticoagulants, a group with moderate haemophilia, and patients on heparin infusion.Results with the seven commercial reagents and a human cephalin extract have been correlated with those of a specially prepared and standardized reference preparation of human brain origin. The comparison was similar in principle to that of the prothrombin time thromboplastin standardization using the British Comparative Thromboplastin (BCT).Results, which for comparative purposes were expressed as ratio of patients' cephalin times to control cephalin times, varied greatly in all three groups. In the oral anticoagulant group some of the commercial reagents were particularly insensitive to the `intrinsic' clotting defect. The correlation between the `standardized preparation' and the other reagents was not good and the use of a reference cephalin material for quality control of cephalin time tests does not appear promising.In moderate haemophilia the commercial reagents were either relatively poor at picking out the clotting defect compared with the `standardized preparation' or gave such a bad endpoint that the results were not dependable. The poor endpoint also limited the dependability of the results of all but the `standardized preparation' and two of the commercial reagents in controlling heparin administration.In view of these standardization difficulties, which cannot apparently be resolved by the use of reference material, there is need for bulk, routine supplies of a sensitive, standardized cephalin reagent giving good reproducible endpoints. The method for the provision of such material in a recently introduced national supply scheme is described.
The value of a study of the mucosubstances in rectal biopsies from patients with carcinoma of the rectum and lower sigmoid in the diagnosis of premalignant mucosa
Authors: Filipe M. Isabel 
Published: June 2007

One hundred and twenty-one rectal biopsies from 99 patients with carcinoma of the rectum or lower sigmoid colon were investigated using a high iron-diamine-Alcian blue technique for sulphated and non-sulphated acid mucins. It was found that in normal rectal mucosa sulphomucins are the main carbohydrate component of the goblet cell mucin. This normal `mucous pattern' changes in the `transitional' mucosa (histological normal mucosa adjacent to carcinoma) where there is an increase of non-sulphated acid mucins concomitantly with a decrease or absence of sulphated groups in 60 to 90% of the cases according to the type of tumour. The same type of changes in mucus were observed in the `transitional' mucosa surrounding adenomatous polyps and papillary adenomas; they were not marked in areas around carcinomain situand not observed in the metaplastic polyps. These changes seem to be in direct relationship to the grade of differentiation and invasiveness of the tumour.The histochemical changes in the mucins seem to be in favour of a malignant potential in the so-called neoplastic polyps.The high iron diamine-Alcian blue, because of its `specificity', consistent results, and easy technique is recommended for routine use together with haematoxylin and eosin staining in the diagnosis of premalignant changes.
The origin of fibrin breakdown products and the interpretation of their appearance in the circulation
Authors: Gallimore M. J. , Tyler H. M. , Shaw J. T. B. 
Published: June 2007

It has been shown that the incubation of human plasma with urokinase at a concentration sufficient to cause rapid lysis of the clots formed on the addition of thrombin does not give rise to the production of measurable concentrations of non-clottable fibrinogen breakdown products. Also, breakdown products could not be detected in the course of experimentsin vivowhen urokinase was administered to monkeys and only in very low concentrations when a fibrinolytic state was induced by exercise in three healthy human volunteers. In contrast, high concentrations of breakdown products were found after thrombin infusion into monkeys.It is concluded that circulating fibrinogen is not readily broken down into non-clottable products by the fibrinolytic enzymes, and that normal animals and healthy human subjects do not have substantial deposits of fibrin that are available for breakdown during a fibrinolytic episode. The presence of breakdown products in the circulation is therefore likely to be indicative of the fibrinolytic response to an initial coagulation event.
Manipulative and inherent errors in anti-D quantitation using the AutoAnalyzer
Authors: Gunson H. H. , Phillips P. K. , Stratton F. 
Published: June 2007

The limits of accuracy for the quantitation of anti-D using the AutoAnalyzer have been reduced from ± 26% with manually prepared dilutions to ± 14% using an automatic pipette, as expressed by the 95% confidence limits. The error inherent in the AutoAnalyzer was estimated to contribute ± 10% to the overall error.Problems associated with the reproducibility of this method for anti-D quantitation have been investigated, namely, the effect of the age of a given test cell, the use of different test cells, loss of sensitivity of the machine over a given day, and the reproducibility of results obtained at different positions on the standard graph.
Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman)
Authors: Anagnostou Dimitra , Harrison C. V. 
Published: June 2007

Six personally observed cases of this lesion are reported and the literature is reviewed. One hundred and thirty-four cases have been reported to date. The lesion has occurred in many sites, but is commonest in the thorax (60%), abdomen (11%), neck (14%), and axilla (4%).Ninety per cent of cases are symptomless or have only the pressure symptoms, 10% have systemic signs, namely, fever, raised ESR, anaemia, cured by removal of the tumour. These cases have a slightly different histology. All recorded cases have been benign. Microscopically the lesion is follicular but instead of germinal centres the follicles have one or more thick-walled arteries and often some surrounding histiocytes. Increased numbers of vessels occur between the follicles, whilst sinuses are absent. These vessels have thick, cellular walls like post-capillary venules. Sometimes they become hyaline.The cases with symptoms have true reaction centres as well as a few intrafollicular vessels. Between the follicles there are increased numbers of vessels and, in addition, there may be collections of plasma cells or eosinophils.
Application of an improved system of electrophoresis in acrylamide gel to studies on the sera of different species
Authors: Hyslop N. St. G. 
Published: June 2007

Polyacrylamide gels constitute a generally better matrix for routine electrophoresis of serum proteins than other media commonly employed, but the immunoglobulin fractions of the largest size may not migrate into gels in which the acrylamide concentration exceeds 5%. To facilitate adequate separation, slabs containing a semi-solid layer were prepared from discontinuous gels consisting of 2 to 8% acrylamide. Serum samples were subjected to electrophoresis, under carefully controlled conditions atpH 9·0, by means of a pulsed constant power supply.The method provided a rapid, reproducible, and relatively simple technique for the study of human serum proteins, either by electrophoresis or by immunoelectrophoresis, and for differentiation of serum samples from various animal species.
The relation of total body potassium to height, weight, and age in normal adults
Authors: Boddy K. , King Priscilla C. , Hume R. , Weyers Elspeth 
Published: June 2007

Total body potassium was measured in 103 healthy adults using a shadow-shield whole-body monitor of high sensitivity. The range of height was 147 to 192 cm, of weight 43 to 92 kg, and of age 18 to 77 years.The values obtained for total body potassium were correlated with height, with weight, and with height and weight. Age was then included as an additional variable.The standard deviation from regression was smaller when total body potassium was correlated with height than with weight and was further reduced, to about 9%, in a multiple regression using height and age. The advantages of this relationship over indices involving weight are discussed.The smallest standard deviation from regression, 7·5%, was obtained when total body potassium was correlated with height, weight, and age. The usefulness of this relationship is discussed with comment on its limitations.A regression equation was derived between lean body mass (derived from height and weight) and total body potassium with a standard deviation from regression of 5·5% in males and 7·3% in females.
An evaluation of the Celloscope 401 electronic blood cell counter
Authors: Lappin T. R. J. , Lamont A. , Nelson M. G. 
Published: June 2007

For counting erythrocytes the instrument was precise, with a mean coefficient of variation of 1·21%.Erythrocyte counts showed close agreement with results obtained on a Coulter A electronic counter of proven accuracy.When the Celloscope 401 was modified by the manufacturers to eliminate electrical interference from other laboratory equipment, satisfactory precision and accuracy for white cell counting was obtained. Using cetrimide diluent the coefficient of variation was 1·6% but when using saponin/saline diluent the coefficient of variation was 3·5%. For leucocyte counting there was close agreement between duplicate tests performed on the Celloscope 401 and the Coulter S.The instrument was capable of satisfactory precision and accuracy in platelet counting, provided that the sedimentation method was used to obtain a platelet-rich plasma. The best results were obtained if a two-step dilution was carried out with a first dilution in 10% EDTA and a second in 2·5 mM cocaine in water. Using this method the precision study indicated a coefficient of variation of 3·11%. Close agreement was obtained between platelet counts on the Celloscope 401 when compared with the results obtained either by phase-contrast microscopy or using another electronic counter.Allowing for predilution and duplicate counts on each sample, the rate of throughput was approximately 32 samples per hour.Throughout the test period, the instrument remained electronically and mechanically stable.
The rapid plasma reagin (circle) card test in biological false positive and leprosy sera
Authors: Garner M. F. , Backhouse J. L. 
Published: June 2007

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) circle card and the Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory (VDRL) slide test results were compared on a group of sera known to show biological false positive (BFP) reactions to reagin detection tests for syphilis. The RPR test was more specific than the VDRL test on the sera selected, ie, it gave fewer false positive results than the VDRL test. However, in a group of presumed normal sera, the RPR test gave BFP reactions while the VDRL test gave none.The RPR test gave fewer BFP reactions than the VDRL test in 269 sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy.
Epidemiological and quantitative relationships between mesothelioma and asbestos on Tyneside
Authors: Ashcroft T. 
Published: June 2007

Thirty-five necropsied cases of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of pleura and six cases of mesothelioma of peritoneum are reported. Occupational histories from 40 cases showed that 32 cases (80%) were definitely exposed to asbestos; six cases (15%) were probably exposed and two (5%) had no known exposure. The mean latent interval was 34 years. Occupational histories of 56 control patients matched in pairs for age and sex with 28 of the mesothelioma cases revealed definite exposure to asbestos in 12 controls (21%), probable exposure in 11 (20%), and no evidence of exposure in 33 (59%). The difference in incidence of exposure between mesotheliomas and controls is statistically highly significant. Six-micron histological sections of lung, available in 39 mesothelioma cases, contained coated asbestos fibres in 36 cases (92%). Sixteen cases of mesothelioma showing fibres were free of asbestosis; asbestosis was slight in 14 cases, moderately severe in five cases, and severe in one case. The incidence of asbestos bodies in sections from mesothelioma cases was significantly higher than in a previously reported series of routine necropsies examined by lung smear.Counts of coated and uncoated asbestos fibres were performed on samples of lung tissue from 33 mesothelioma cases. No fibres were identified in one case and only occasional coated fibres in a second case. The remainder gave counts ranging from 154 thousand to 684 million fibres per gram dry weight. Uncoated fibres were invariably present and usually comprised 50 to 80% of the count. No relationship was found between total fibre count and the latent period of the mesothelioma. Fibre counts were also performed on lung samples from 18 smear-positive and 30 smear-negative routine necropsies. Cases with numerous coated fibres in the smear gave total fibre counts similar to those of mesothelioma cases without asbestosis. Routine cases with only one fibre in the smear usually yielded only occasional fibres on analysis. Coated and uncoated fibres were found in 13 out of 30 smear-negative cases, indicating a true incidence of 56% of exposure to asbestos in the whole necropsy series. When compared with the mesothelioma series the difference in incidence of fibres remains statistically significant.The data suggest that, on Tyneside, exposure to asbestos sufficient to cause an appreciable risk of developing mesothelioma has usually occurred through occupational exposure rather than by general environmental pollution by asbestos.
Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the plasma proteins in the sol phase of sputum from patients with chronic bronchitis
Authors: Ryley H. C. , Brogan T. D. 
Published: June 2007

An analysis of the plasma proteins in the sol phase of sputum was carried out using quantitative cross immunoelectrophoresis. The average concentrations of nine plasma proteins were estimated in the sol phase of sputum specimens from 30 patients with chronic bronchitis and the values were compared with the concentrations of these proteins in saliva and serum specimens from the same group of patients.The results showed that alpha1antichymotrypsin and IgA concentrations were higher in the sol phase of sputum than would be expected if their presence were due entirely to passive transudation.