bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis between CFSE flow cytometric and tritiated thymidine incorporation tests for beryllium sensitivity
Authors: Milovanova Tatyana N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:In this study, we evaluated alternative possibility for CFSE beryllium flow cytometric test against beryllium blood lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) as a standard radioactive clinical screening method to identify sensitization to beryllium.Methods:Delta PD (the ratio of divided cell population to the total number of cells with subtracted counts of unstimulated cells) of specific beryllium‐induced pathogenic CD3+CD4+ T‐lymphocytes and stimulation index (SI) in CFSE proliferation test was compared with delta counts per minute (mean test CPM minus mean control CPM) and SI in radioactive blood BeLPT.Results:Comparison analysis of CFSE and BeLPT demonstrated excellent agreement between delta PD and delta CPM (κ = 0.845, P << 0.0001). We determined 6.8% positive subjects in the beryllium‐exposed, Be‐LPT‐negative group. The decreased mean difference of these indexes to percentage of average and the long tail in the plot reflects increased sensitivity. CFSE/CD4+ T‐cell proliferation assay has 100% specificity, significantly higher sensitivity and efficiency than BeLPT.Conclusions:Both delta PD, measured by the precursor frequencies method in CFSE assay and delta CPM, defined by tritiated thymidine in BeLPT, can be used for the enumeration of beryllium specific CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and may substantially improve the quality of the early diagnosis of beryllium hypersensitivity. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
L‐type calcium channels mediate acetylcholine receptor aggregation on cultured muscle
Authors: Milholland Rebecca B.R. , Dulla Christopher , Gordon Herman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAgrin activation of muscle specific kinase (MuSK) initiates postsynaptic development on skeletal muscle that includes the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs; Glass et al. [1996]: Cell 85: 513–523; Gautam et al. [1996]: Cell 85: 525–535). Although the agrin/MuSK signaling pathway remains largely unknown, changes in intracellular calcium levels are required for agrin‐induced AChR aggregation (Megeath and Fallon [1998]: J Neurosci 18: 672–678). Here, we show that L‐type calcium channels (L‐CaChs) are required for full agrin‐induced aggregation of AChRs and sufficient to induce agrin‐independent AChR aggregation. Blockade of L‐CaChs in muscle cultures inhibited agrin‐induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR β subunits. Activation of L‐CaChs in the absence of agrin induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR β subunits. Agrin responsiveness was significantly reduced in primary muscle cultures from the muscular dysgenesis mouse, a natural mutant, which does not express the L‐CaCh. Our results establish a novel role for L‐CaChs as important sources of the intracellular calcium necessary for the aggregation of AChRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Attentional bias in eating disorders
Authors: Shafran Roz , Lee Michelle , Cooper Zafra , Palmer Robert L. , Fairburn Christopher G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between eating disorders and attentional biases.Method:The first study comprised 23 female patients with clinical eating disorders, women with high levels ofanxiety (n = 19), and three female normal control groups comprising low (n = 31), moderate (n = 21), or high levels of shape concern (n = 23). The second study comprised 82 women with clinical eating disorders and 44 healthy controls. All participants completed measures of eating disorder psychopathology and completed a modified pictorial dot‐probe task.Results:In the first study, biases were found for negative eating and neutral weight pictures, and for positive eating pictures in women with eating disorders; these biases were greater than those found in anxious and normal controls. The second study replicated these findings and biases were also found for negative and neutral shape stimuli.Conclusion:It is concluded that future research should establish whether such biases warrant specific therapeutic interventions. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Sustainable consumption and resource management in the light of life cycle thinking
Authors: Mont Oksana , Bleischwitz Raimund 
Published: February 2007

AbstractApproaches to address unsustainable ways of societal development constantly proliferate, but total consumption of resources and aggregate environmental impacts continue rising. This could partially be explained by weak attempts to develop comprehensive sustainability strategies that address the entire life cycle of products and especially resource extraction and use phases. This paper seeks to explore to what extent these life cycle stages and associated impacts are taken into account when various actors employ life cycle thinking and how these concerns can be better attended to in policy‐making, business strategies and lifestyle choices. To accomplish this, we evaluate the efforts of the main stakeholders in reaching sustainable consumption and sustainable resource management, and impediments to further progress, and study whether and how deficits in these phases coincide and can potentially contribute to more holistic practical realization of life cycle thinking. We demonstrate that new approaches are needed to be able to tackle the international dimension of production and consumption. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Thymus‐derived lymphocytes: their distribution and role in the development of peripheral lymphoid tissues of the mouse
Authors: Raff M. C. , Owen J. J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing the theta (Θ) alloantigen of mice as a marker of thymus‐derived cells, we have studied the distribution of these lymphocytes in adult and developing lymphoid tissues of CBA and Balb/c mice. In adult mice, lymphoid tissues can be arranged in the following order according to the approximate proportions of Θ‐bearing (thymus‐derived) lymphocytes they contain: thymus (100%), thoracic duct lymphocytes (80–85%), blood lymphocytes (70%), lymph nodes (65–70%), spleen (30–35%), peritoneal lymphocytes (30–35%) and Peyer's patches (20–25%).Results obtained in newborn mice show that the development of peripheral lymphoid tissues is largely dependent on the inflow (and possibly the proliferation) of thymus‐derived lymphocytes.The presence of Θ‐bearing lymphocytes in developing Peyer's patches indicates that lymphoid differentiation in these organs is, in part at least, thymus‐dependent.
The preparation and efficacy of purified antilymphocyte antibody and the effect of labeling this material with125I
Authors: Anderson H. R. , Dresser D. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntilymphocyte antibody prepared by elution from glutaraldehyde fixed thymocytes is cytotoxic and prolongs the life of allogeneic skin grafts in mice. Radioactively labeled antibody is slightly more effective in prolonging skin grafts than the unlabeled material.
A tentative new model for the organization of the mouse H‐2 histocompatibility system: Two segregant series of antigens
Authors: Thorsby E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on serological and genetic evidence from the HL‐A system, a tentative new H‐2 model of two segregant series of antigens is suggested. It is proposed that each H‐2 allele from the two series determines only one antigen and that the other H‐2 specificities associated with each allele are caused by crossreacting antibodies. The new model amplifies the homology between the H‐2 and HL‐A systems.
Tobacco mosaic virus specific immunoglobulins from horse serum. II. Structural specificity and association constants
Authors: Anderer F. A. , Koch M. A. , Hirschle Solveig D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTobacco mosaic virus (TMV)‐specific IgG and IgG(T) isolated from a horse were found to contain mainly antibodies with conformational specificity. The amount of antibodies with sequential specificity for the C‐terminal amino acid sequence of the TMV protein subunit must be less than 1 × 10−4 of total antibody activity. The binding properties of both specific immunoglobulins were investigated. No heterogeneity of the association constants for either IgG or IgG(T) could be detected.
Cellular and subcellular study of the in vitro immune response
Authors: Panijel J. , Delamette Françoise , Leneveu Micheline 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA culture system using dissociated spleen cell suspensions and phage Φ X174 as antigen has been described.In this system, a cell suspension, originating either from normal (not intentionally immunized) rabbit or from germ‐free mice may be processed as a responder unit: after first addition of Φ X174, a specific reaction has been obtained which presented the various characteristics of a primary response, with respect to size, kinetics, antigen dose, length of stimulation period and 19 S nature of antibodies; in addition, this in vitro primary response was affected by actinomycin and did not involve any increase in the count of viable cells nor in [3H] thymidine incorporation. Priming of the suspension without concomitant antibody production has been also obtained.After this primary response, a second addition of Φ X provoked a new reaction which behaved as a secondary response, with respect to various properties, particularly: amount and 7 S nature of the antibodies, insensitivity towards actinomycin, strong enhancement in the number of viable cells and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation.A true 19 S memory was demonstrated, the expression of which was limited to the early phase of the secondary response.Besides cellular data, subcellular analysis of the primary response showed a sequence of events similar to those in materials originating from immunized animals, that is to say: early appearance, at the level of perinuclear zone, of antibodies having properties of subunits of IgM, silent period during which neither perinuclear nor microsomal activity could be detected, and, preceding the secretion in the culture medium, appearance of 19 S IgM at the level of microsomes. These results show that the same model for explaining the intra‐cellular course of the in in vivo primary response is also relevant for the in vitro primary response.
Zur Antigenitä von Hapten‐Polysaccharid‐Konjugaten
Authors: Schneider C. H. , Michl J. , de Weck A. L. 
Published: February 2007

The immunogenicity of penicilloyl polysaccharides with molecular weights from 5 000 to 400 000 was studied in two guinea pig strains. The conjugates quite regularly induced penicilloyl specific and carrier specific dermal delayed‐type hypersensitivity. On the other hand, circulating antibodies were found only occasionally. In a few animals anaphylactic antibody could be demonstrated but precipitating or hemagglutinating antibodies were found in no instance.Since penicilloyl polysaccharides are relatively instable, more stable benzyldextran and nitrobenzyldextran conjugates were studied as well. These antigens also induce dermal delayed‐type hypersensitivity. The capacity of the nitrobenzyldextran to induce hapten specific and carrier specific reactions was quite similar to the capacity of penicilloylated polysaccharides.Penicilloyl polysaccharides are able to elicit penicilloyl specific cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in passively immunized guinea pigs. A relatively highly penicilloylated dextran conjugate exhibited an eliciting potency quite comparable to a highly penicilloylated poly‐L‐lysine.Haptenic and carrier specificities in sensitisation and the possible tolerogenicity of these antigens are discussed; the question to what extent the immunogenicity of hapten‐polysaccharide conjugates may be regarded as intrinsic is treated in particular.
Interchain disulfide bond formation studied in two mouse myelomas which secrete immunoglobulin A
Authors: Bevan M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSynthesis of IgA has been studied in two lines of BALB/c mouse plasma cell tumors which produce different types of IgA.(1) MOPC 315 plasmacytes in culture secrete four disulfide‐bonded forms of IgA: 7 S, its dimer as the main component and small amounts of trimer and tetramer. Intracellularly IgA is present predominantly as 7 S, the polymers being formed as the molecules are secreted. The disulfide bond(s) linking two H‐chains in a 7 S subunit forms very rapidly after synthesis of the chains. The L‐chains never become covalently associated with the H‐chains, and inside the cell as well as in the extra‐cellular IgA they exist in monomeric form. However, in the absence of an alkylating reagent the L‐chains in association with H‐chains as well as free L‐chains can dimerize extracellularly to form L2.(2) MOPC 47A secretes only one form of IgA, a disulfide‐bonded half‐molecule, H‐L. The bond between the H‐ and L‐chain is formed very gradually so that inside the cell there are large amounts of non‐covalently associated chains. Small amounts of disulfide‐bonded H2L2 are also present intracellularly, though they are not secreted as such.The results emphasize the different rates and orders of synthesis of interchain disulfide bonds which occur in different lines of plasmocytomas and which have previously been observed with IgG myeloma proteins.
Functional identity of anaphylatoxin preparations obtained from different species and by different activation procedures. II. Immunological identity
Authors: Vogt W. , Liefländer M. , Stalder K.‐H. , Lufft Elke , Schmidt Gisa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnaphylatoxin (AT) preparations were made from sera of hog, guinea pig, rat, mouse and man activated by contact with yeast. In addition, AT was prepared from hog serum after incubation with the AT forming cobra enzyme.Antibody against AT was produced in rabbits after injection of yeast activated hog AT and purified by immunoprecipitation. This antibody showed no differences in the double diffusion pattern of the AT preparations mentioned above.Therefore, it is concluded that all AT preparations are immunologically identical independent of the species from which they have been obtained.
Structural basis for immune recognition of lysozymes. II. Reactive but non‐immunogenic epitopes
Authors: Bonavida B. , Sercarz E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCertain epitopes on protein molecules are reactive with antibody but are not immunogenic. Rabbit antiserum prepared against hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEL) reacted poorly or not at all with peptides LHII (a. a. 13‐105) and LHIII (a. a. 106‐129) derived from the action of CNBr on reduced HEL (HEL (CB)). In sharp contrast, antiserum raised (a) to the derivative HEL (CB) with two peptide chain cleavages at methionines 12 and 105, or (b) to bob‐white lysozyme (BEL), reacted with peptides LHII and LHIII. These peptides were able to compete directly with HEL in a 125I‐HEL‐anti‐HEL(CB) system, or an 125I‐HEL‐anti‐BEL system, but could not inhibit the 125I‐HEL‐anti‐HEL reaction.The results demonstrate that some epitopes on HEL(CB) or BEL are reactive and immunogenic, while the same or related epitopes on HEL, although reactive with antibodies directed against them, are not immunogenic. Such epitopes are referred to as heterotopes (epitopes definable by their reactivity on a related, heterologous protein). The usage of a chemical derivative of HEL allowed the localization of another heterotope region close to tryptophan 62.The existence of heterotopes was discussed in terms of current models of cellular cooperation. The view was advaced that the activation of a particular antibody‐producing precursor cell is dependent on a special steric relationship of carrier to haptenic epitopes.
The expression of immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of antigen‐binding lymphoid cells in mice. I. An analysis of light and heavy chain restrictions on individual cells
Authors: Greaves M. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of immunoglobulin light and heavy chain determinants on the surface of activated mouse spleen cells has been investigated using anti‐immunoglobulin inhibition of antigen‐binding reactions (rosette formation). The results indicate that the majority of binding cells appearing 4 to 7 days after a single injection of sheep erythrocytes have only one light chain type on their surface but simultaneously express more than one class of heavy chain class. As the response proceeds the proportion of heavy chain class “restricted” cells increases. Between days 15 to 30 following antigen injection the majority of binding cells have only one detectable heavy chain class on their surface.Control studies suggest that the appearance of more than one class of immunoglobulin on the surface of these cells is the result of active synthesis by the same individual cells and is not due to a passive absorption phenomenon.Experiments with antisera to non‐immunoglobulin surface antigens indicate that the majority of antigen‐binding cells inhibited by class specific sera are non, or minimally secreting B type lymphoid cells.
The expression of immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of antigen‐binding lymphoid cells in mice. II. Allotypes of the lg‐1 locus
Authors: Greaves M. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInhibition of rosette‐forming cells by anti‐immunoglobulin sera has been used as a model system to investigate the phenotypic expression of IgG2a allotypes on the surface of mouse spleen cells reactive against sheep erythrocyte antigens.The evidence presented suggests that reactive cells from mice heterozygous at the Ig‐1 locus may not be restricted to the expression of the product of only one parental allele on their surface. Control studies with mixtures of cells from mice compatible with respect to H‐2 antigens but differing at the Ig‐1 locus suggest that this finding is not the result of a passive absorption phenomenon.This apparent lack of allellic exclusion was demonstrated with cells harvested during the early part of the response to a primary injection of antigen. Reactive cells later in the immune response appeared to be restricted to the expression of one parental allotype.
Genetics of the immune response. II. Paralysis by phage fd in high and low responding inbred strains of mice
Authors: Kölsch E. , Diller Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPartial low zone paralysis to phage fd can be induced in mice at a 10−14 M concentration of the coat protein subunit of the phage. It is established more readily in high responding C57BL/6J than in low responding AKR/J mice. The data suggest that the defect causing low responsiveness lies in a structure or function which is needed for both the induction of immunity and paralysis.
Hapten‐carrier relationships in immunological unresponsiveness
Authors: Seppälä I. J. T. , Mäkelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCyclophosphamide‐treated mice received 10 mg of a hapten‐protein conjugate 4‐Hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitro‐phenacetyl bovine serum albumin (NIP1.1BSA) over 10 weeks. Three and seven weeks later they were challenged. The responses of the paralyzed mice relative to control mice are given below in a simplified form.magnified imageWe concluded that the paralysis‐treatment had caused unresponsiveness to some antigenic determinants (at least NIP) but priming to others.
Cell proliferation and antibody production in the secondary response in vitro towards a defined hapten
Authors: Tarrab Rebeca , Sulica A. , Haimovich J. , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell proliferation and antibody production in a secondary response in vitro against the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) group were followed by thymidine uptake, hemolytic plaque formation and inactivation of DNP‐bacteriophage T4. Thymidine uptake and plaque formation were both dependent on the amount of antigen used for stimulation of cells in vitro, whereas phage inactivation was not. The kinetics of the response as detected by the above three assays revealed that thymidine uptake preceded both plaque formation and antibody production.
Delayed hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate‐N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine. In vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Nauciel C. , Raynaud M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunogenicity of azobenzenearsonate‐N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine (ABA‐tyrosine) has been confirmed. This low‐molecular weight conjugate, in a 50 μg dose, in complete Freund's adjuvant, regularly induces an apparently pure state of delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Binding of ABA‐tyrosine to proteins seems to be very small.In detecting delayed hypersensitivity in vivo, ABA‐tyrosine appears much less efficient than a protein conjugate (ABA‐guinea pig serum albumin). With in vitro systems (macrophage migration and lymphocyte transformation) ABA‐tyrosine is, on the other hand, as active as the protein conjugate.Experiments conducted with labeled antigens injected intradermally have shown that ABA‐tyrosine was cleared from the skin far more rapidly than the protein conjugate. This fact probably accounts for its weak activity in detecting delayed hypersensitivity in vivo.
Synthesis of a radioiodine‐labeled 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐hapten and its use for binding assays
Authors: Meyer‐Delius Margot , Mitchison N. A. , Pitt‐Rivers Rosalind , Rüde E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monovalent DNP‐hapten, α, N‐(4‐hydroxyphenacetyl)‐ϵ, N‐DNP‐L‐lysine (6), was synthesized. The 4‐hydroxyphenacetyl residue of this compound can be radioiodinated yielding a labeled hapten of high specific activity, which proves to be a useful reagent for assaying anti‐DNP sera by measuring their capacity to bind the hapten in a salt precipitation test based on the Farr assay. This method appears to be more generally applicable to other haptenic groups which can be bound to the ϵ‐amino group of lysine.
Cell‐mediated immune reactions in vitro: Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin and anti‐immunoglobulin serum
Authors: Resch K. , Fischer H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit lymphocytes were activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and/or an antiserum against rabbit IgG obtained in a goat (GARIG serum). Both stimulants induced cytotoxicity in lymphocytes. The destruction of target cells was followed by measuring 51Cr release from labeled fowl erythrocytes. The kinetic analysis of the target cell destruction exhibited striking differences.Following activation with PHA the lysis of the target cells started immediately after the addition of the stimulant and proceeded linearly. With GARIG serum as the activating agent the lysis started after a latent period of 20 h which was the same when the lymphocytes were preincubated with Garing serum for 20 h before the labeled erythrocytes were added. After the lysis had started it proceeded in sigmoidal fashion.When given numbers of lymphocytes were mixed with varying numbers of target cells the maximum velocity of target cell destruction was reached at a ratio of one lymphocyte to one target cell during activation with PHA and at a ratio of five lymphocytes to one target cell during activation with GARIG serum. Using concentrations of target cells at which maximum velocity of target cell destruction occured there was a linear relation between the number of added lymphocytes activated by GARIG serum and the degree of the lysis.Activation of the lymphocytes simultaneously with PHA and GARIG serum resulted in a marked enhancement of the target cell destruction which by far exceeded the sum of the cytotoxicity when the lymphocytes were activated separately.