bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OCS Resource Management and Sustainable Development
Authors: LaBelle Robert P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Can production and consumption of hydrocarbon energy from offshore sources be considered as contributing to sustainable development? What's more, can an agency with the responsibility of managing offshore resource development do so in a way that supports the concept of sustainability? This paper will outline an affirmative response to both of these questions and discuss the reasoning and goals inherent in this position.
The Offshore Minerals Management Program of the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for the safe and environmentally sound leasing, development, and production of OCS oil, gas, and minerals. The concepts of environmental sustainability, as well as economic and social sustainability, will be presented with a view to describing a coordinated approach to overall sustainable development.
The paper concludes that the use of an exhaustible resource, such as hydrocarbons, can be considered sustainable if economic and social gains balance the lost resource, and the environment is protected. The paper focuses on what the MMS can do, and is doing, as a resource manager to promote sustainable development within its authority and mandate. This is an effort to "think globally and act locally," which has been advocated by many as an ideal individual contribution to meeting the challenge of sustainable development.
Land Farm Design and Management in Bolivia: A Case-Study
Authors: Younkin W. , Suaznabar C. , Parsons S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An environmental liability audit of Empresa Petrolera Chaco, S. A. (CHACO), a BP Amoco/Bridas entity and the Bolivian Pension Funds joint venture, identified approximately 55,000 m3 of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) contaminated soils and wastes from prior operations requiring remediation. In addition, ongoing operations required a cost effective approach to oily waste disposal. Operations sites were remote and widely scattered, having a wide range of climatic conditions and limited availability of equipment. Land farming, a well-accepted technique in North America was identified as the most cost effective method for treating these oil-contaminated materials.
Land farming had never been done in Bolivia and there were no specific regulations for treatment of oil-contaminated soils. Modified designs from Canada and the United States were used to prepare land farm designs and management guidelines. The first site, Los Cusis Land Farm, was established in the subtropical humid forest region north of Santa Cruz. High rainfall and a shallow ground water table required careful planning and monitoring of soils and near surface ground water. First year results showed reductions of TPH from highs of 15% in applied wastes, to less than 1% in treated soils within a seven-month period. Environmental monitoring of groundwater and soils confirmed treatment areas had little or no impact on shallow groundwater. A second site, Exploration Well #2 Land Farm, was established in the dry temperate forest region south of Santa Cruz. The third site, Camatindi Land Farm, is under construction in a mountainous region in the southern part of the country.
The land farming technique has been a success story for CHACO, due to careful design for appropriate environmental conditions and social concerns, proper management of contractors and reliable sampling and laboratory analysis. This paper provides a summary of design parameters, management procedures and bio-remediation volumes and rates, for the Los Cusis and Exploration Well #2 sites.
International Emergency Medical Evacuations: Management, Organization and Results within a Major Oilfield Service Company
Authors: Barbey A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Major oilfield companies are regularly confronted with the costly, delicate and complicated problem of evacuating their severely ill or wounded employees when the local medical infrastructure is not capable of handling the medical situation.
Schlumberger, a large oilfield service company with operations in more than 100 countries, employing over 60,000 people is faced each month with serious and sometimes life-threatening medical emergencies, which require an international medical evacuation.
Prior to 1998 company managers around the world used a multitude of emergency providers. There was no centralized coordination, control or medical review of the worldwide medical evacuations.
Beginning in 1999 two major global medical evacuation providers were selected for worldwide coverage for the entire group in order to:
rationalize evacuation service partners provide one global focal point provide a systematic approach using web technology establish benchmarks and review them on a regular basis.
This reorganization resulted in:
more consistent and efficient coverage reduction in response time improved employee and family confidence and morale in difficult environments reduced costs.
We review in this paper the company's experience within the last 12 months concerning international emergency medical evacuations and in particular the:
frequency and medical nature of these emergencies profile of the evacuees logistic problems involved cost of these evacuations.
Hull Monitoring
Authors: Hermundstad Ole A. , Helland Øyvind , Hellvik Sten 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

North Sea Regional Effects.
The maritime activity in the North Sea region is extensive, growing and for a large portion associated with the development of oil and gas reservoirs. The activity and growth reflects directly into coastal infrastructure, into risk for spill and environmental effects and to precautions and measures taken to avoid or minimise effects.
Particularly in Norway and in the U.K. an industry has emerged from the needs in the offshore sector. The development of that industry has been in the coastal regions.
This HULLMON+ project addresses both safety and the cost saving potential in knowledge based operation of maritime structures. Additionally, through transnational co-operation by most parties directly or indirectly involved, the level of knowledge where required will be raised to develop procedures for effective tools to realise such cost saving potential. The project may also give foothold for the expansion of technology based industry specialising in fibre optics, fatigue analysis, design and construction of marine structures, tools related to quality assurance etc. in the marine and other sectors.
Fire System Integrity Assurance
Authors: Waterfall Kevin , Ramsden Niall 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The paper contends that demonstrable risk reduction requires defined fire system performance standards that are verified on a regular basis. It represents the contents of the "Fire Systems Integrity Assurance" guidance document of the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, to be published in 2000.
Non functioning of expensive fire detection or protection systems can result in them failing to fulfil their risk reduction potential. Drawing on practical experience from oil and gas installations the paper gives examples of how to avoid failures if the appropriate fire system performance standards are not set and verified.
The paper offers recommendations for management, in terms of an approach to design, construction, commissioning, maintenance, inspection and recording to meet fire and explosion risk reduction criteria.
This will be presented as a poster session in the fifth SPE HSE conference in Stavanger in 2000.
Crisis Management System to Support Worldwide Activities
Authors: Rizzi W. , Girola G. , Pizzamiglio M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper reviews the current position of ENI Agip Division on Contingency Planning & Emergency Response after the new Corporate HSE Policy came into force in 1998. This has been the first step for several initiatives to create and improve a new integrated HSE MS of the Division for the new millennium.
A key element has been our commitment to HSE standards and performance. HSE considerations must be central to all decision making throughout all of ENI Agip Division activities, from concept development to final abandonment. We must also be prepared to be scrutinized on these decisions and to be measured on our performance in meeting the standards we set.
Good HSE practice must be a way of life for all involved in our operations be they ENI Agip Div. staff and/or contractors. The new HSE policy has been the opportunity to review the existing Emergency Response Plans both in the Italian Districts as well as in all Sister Companies and Subsidiaries worldwide. The Corporate Contingency Plan for major incidents specify when assistance should be requested from outside the Italian subsidiaries and Sister Company, principally for major emergency and for response to blowouts and major oil spills. Contractual arrangements are in place to provide these services when requested.
Experience with Malaria and the Use of Antimalarials in an Oil and Gas Producing area of Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi P A , Faleyimu B L , Chira F , Kpiasi O , Fadeyi T 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
With an estimated worldwide 300-500 million clinical cases and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths per year, malaria continues to be a major health problem especially in the tropics. This prospective two-phased study was carried out in Chevron Nigeria's operational areas to determine effectiveness of conventional antimalarials, degree of drug resistance and thereby update our treatment policy. The first phase was carried out between March and December 1998 in Escravos, which is the operational headquarters with a well equipped base clinic. Employees with malaria (Parasitaemia confirmed using the QBC technique) were randomized to take chloroquine or Fansidar, which are our first line drugs in the immune/semi-immune. Malaria parasitaemia was checked at 24, 48 and 72 hours. A second line drug was administered if parasitaemia persisted or increased and patient's symptoms persisted. A total of 85 employees, all males (84 nationals and 1 expatriate) were included in the study.
The second phase was carried out between March and August 1999 in Warri, which is 15 minutes flight from Escravos. Here, the company has a 26-bedded hospital, which serves as a back up to the Escravos clinic, and also caters for the employees when they are on time off, and their dependants. A protocol similar to the phase 1 study was used, with modifications to accommodate the different categories of patients seen and the different specialists managing them. A total of 150 patients were studied. From both studies, a total of 235 employees were studied. 195 completed the treatment protocol and the drugs used were Chloroquine (85), Fansidar (34), Halfan (68), Quinine (5), Mefloquine (1) and artemether in 2. There was no mortality. We found chloroquine and Fansidar still very useful as first line drugs but there was significant multidrug resistance. This paper discusses our findings, an overview of our experience with malaria, the prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance, and our prescription pattern. It also highlights our experience with chemoprophylaxis among our expatriate staff.
Health and Medicine in the Russian Federation: An Issue of Both Foreign Policy and Humanitarian Concern
Authors: Burger Edward J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The present Russian health care sector and the state of Russians’ health present both enormous challenges and clear opportunities. This paper proposes an initiative for health and medicine in the Russian federation to serve both humanitarian and security goals. Maintaining social order and civil society in the Russian federation is in the interest of both parties - Russia and the West - and appropriate attention to social safety net issues - especially health - will enhance the probabilities of maintaining a civil society. The initiative for health should be designed as a coherent strategy for the subject alongside other programs aimed at maintaining security and social order. Further, we should take advantage of experience gained in the course of past initiatives which have precedential value for the present. Importantly, any coherent strategy should include both public and private interests where health and social welfare matters are of concern. The oil exploration sector, with its long legacy of social investment and its inherent interest in the longevity of its exploration investments, has a key role to play in that strategy.
The Leveraged Buy-in: Creating an Enabling Environment for Business through Strategic Social Investments
Authors: LaPin Deirdre 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Social and economic realities directly influence the business environment. In emerging economies like Nigeria, which are heavily dependent on revenue from oil and gas operations, industry attention to stakeholders and their quality of life is a business imperative. One best practice approach is to make strategic social investments that promote an enabling social and economic environment. By fostering a healthy exchange between business and its context, the needs of both human and business development are aligned and mutually reinforcing.
An example of best practice in strategic social investment is offered by the Community Development Programme launched in 1998 by the Shell Petroleum Development Company, Nigeria, Ltd. SPDC works in a region of over 1,500 communities and about 7 million people. In the past two years the Company has transformed a low-performing community assistance programme into a sustainable community development approach by combining strategies of participatory rural appraisal, local project planning, community ownership and management with capacity building and active partnering with local NGOs, government, and international organisations. The approach may be called the leveraged buy-in. Its objective is to transform the social investments the company already makes as an intrinsic part of doing business (taxes, products, jobs) or as direct "giving" (i.e. community support) into a sustainable and multiplying value that engages the resources, skills, and structures of multiple partners in government, civil society, and the development profession.
To deliver this programme SPDC organised a "community development business area" with over 120 staff supporting "best practice" community services in health, water and sanitation, education, business development, women's programmes, and agriculture. So far, Niger Delta men and women have created over 45 community development plans including over 30 different development "products", and have formed more than 150 project management committees. The approach grants communities the confidence and capacity to build their own sustainable future with reduced dependency on the Company. Useful lessons have emerged about how to expand corporate capacity to manage social investment and how to create new company structures and processes that bring positive benefits for communities and for business.
Lost Hills CO2 Pilot: Evaluation, Design, Injectivity Test Results, and Implementation
Authors: Perri P. R. , Emanuele M. A. , Fong W. S. , Morea M. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the evaluation, design, and implementation of a jointly funded DOE/Chevron CO2 pilot project in the Lost Hills field, Kern County, California.
The pilot consists of four inverted (injector-centered) 5-spot patterns covering approximately 10 acres, and is located in a portion of the field, which has been waterflooded since early 1991. The target reservoir for the CO2 pilot is the Belridge Diatomite. The pilot location was selected based on geology, reservoir quality and reservoir performance of the waterflood. A CO2 pilot will investigate uncertainties associated with CO2 utilization rate and premature CO2 breakthrough, and overall uncertainty in the unproven CO2 flood process in diatomite and siliceous shale.
This paper summarizes the methodology used in the project evaluation and design, including construction of the geologic model, reservoir simulation and CO2 flood predictions, facilities design, and well design and completion considerations. An actual CO2 injectivity test was conducted in March 1999. The results of the injectivity test, which helped in the design of the pilot, are presented.
The reservoir management plan and future field potential are also discussed. CO2 injection in the pilot is planned to commence in July 2000. The methodology and technical analysis used to evaluate and design the Lost Hills CO2 pilot are applicable to other potential San Joaquin Valley CO2 floods.
Laboratory Studies of In-Depth Colloidal Dispersion Gel Technology for Daqing Oil Field
Authors: Smith J. E. , Heng Liu , Dong Guo Zhi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To investigate the possibility of using in-depth colloidal dispersion gel (CDG) enhanced oil recovery technology for the Daqing Oil Field, a cooperative study conducted by TIORCO, INC., and the Daqing Petroleum Administrative Bureau, was initiated in 1997. The study included a training program to ensure consistent laboratory methods and techniques, tests conducted in both laboratories, and computer simulation. The lab work included screening tests to determine the best polymer and formulation to use for CDG's at Daqing, followed by performance of the optimum CDG formulation in core experiments. Results from the static screening tests and core displacement studies show that the CDG process can further increase the oil recovery over straight polymer flooding and, indeed, is a viable EOR process for the Daqing Oil Field. This paper reports the details of the laboratory studies and initial simulation results which have resulted in plans for a field pilot test.
Perceiving Drilling Learning Through Visualization
Authors: Sanstrom W. C. , Hawkins M. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Using three-dimensional visualization of the earth model as a foundation, a new IT development strategy focuses on perceiving "Drilling Learning" by an intuitive method. Symbols, known as "Knowledge Attachments" are attached to each wellbore trajectory displayed in the three-dimensional environment, with each symbol indicating a specific event- such as one related to drilling operations or problems. It proves particularly useful to represent this disparate data at once, and in such a manner that the interdependencies between the earth model and drilling operations data are evident and correlated.
Tracer Technology for Water-Alternating-Gas Miscible Flooding in Pubei Oil Field
Authors: Yang Daoyong , Cui Huanwen , Zhang Qi , Li Luhua , Wu Zheng 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in tracer surveillance program to not only make better reservoir characterization, but also to effectively monitor reservoir performance. Both water and gas tracers have been selected for the tracer program in Pubei oil field, the first water-alternating-gas (WAG) miscible flooding project in China, in terms of combining geological characteristic, reservoir engineering scheme and laboratory research.
This paper presents that commercial compositional model was successively used to simulate the well-to-well gas tracer and water tracer performance, to quantify the distribution of tagged solvent among the producers, and to estimate swept volumes. A novel approach was used to link the sub-program for water tracer equations of motion. The application result of the model to the field shows that it can be effectively used to modify the reservoir model and to provide important information for effectively adjusting and controlling the reservoir performance as well as optimizing production and injection.
Reservoir Drainage with Downhole Permanent Monitoring and Control Systems. Real-Time Integration of Dynamic Reservoir Performance Data and Static Reservoir Model Improves Control Decisions
Authors: Nyhavn Fridtjof , Vassenden Frode , Singstad Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDownhole Permanent Monitoring and Control Systems invoke the vision of adapting real-time process control to the hydrocarbon drainage process. This paper discusses some aspects of the evolution towards that vision. Three functions of Reservoir Management are focused: Estimating physical downhole states (inverse problems) for Reservoir CharacterizationUpdating models (history matching)Controlling well inflowThe potential for a real-time system to contribute successfully seems to differ from function to function.
Pipeline Bundles Model Implemented Into a Multiphase Flow Model
Authors: Duret E. , Lebreton E. , Heintzé E. , Henriot V. , Saint-Marcoux J. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Deep-water production requires more and more advanced pipeline insulation to produce under safety conditions. For less than ten years, the research focuses on such insulation systems as pipe in pipe and more recently on pipeline bundles, system composed by some pipe sets within a carrier pipe. Then, attempts have been made to take into account the bundles modelisation in a transient multiphase flow model.
The TACITE compositional code is able to simulate the behavior of transient multiphase flow in pipelines with process equipments such as controllers, valves, separators and lateral injectors. A transient pipeline bundle module has been developed to analyse the thermal interactions between several single phase lines and the main production line. The model is based on the numerical resolution of a set of energy balance equations, defined for each lines and the annulus medium within the bundle, to compute the heat transfer between the main production line, all the single phase lines, the carrier pipeline and the outside. The natural convection is taken into account in the annulus area.
The SYSTUS code developed by SYSTUS International is currently used at Stolt Offshore to solve thermal engineering problems including pipeline bundles. The results of SYSTUS output have been checked against full size bundle test and then can be considered as a reference in this domain. Different simulations have been done with SYSTUS and TACITE in multiphase conditions in order to validate TACITE. This illustrates that the model developed for TACITE is both efficient and accurate. Also the simulation results demonstrate that it is important to take accurately into account thermal effects in case of deep-water production to predict phenomena such as hydrate formation or wax deposition.
MODIG - A Process Diagnostic Advisory System
Authors: de Xerez Sobral Marcos Moreira , Pinto Reynaldo , de Carvalho Sérgio Pires 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Diagnostic Module (MODIG) is a component extension to the standard automation architecture defined by PETROBRAS for use on its offshore production platforms (the ECOS – Supervision and Operation Control Station –Automation Architecture)[1]. MODIG works as a malfunction detection and diagnosis advisory system to assist operators on handling process upsets. To achieve that objective MODIG monitors several process variables and detects any behaviour change that might lead the process to run away of control. A functional decomposition model of the process is then used to determine the possible causes for the observed deviations. Warning messages are issued on the operators console informing about the deviations detected and the diagnosis reached by the system. Several additional tools like trend charts and causal chain displays help operators understand the present situation and decide the actions to be taken before conditions degrade to a plant shutdown.
The system was completely designed, configured, installed and commissioned by PETROBRAS technical staff using a commercial expert system development shell. MODIG is presently running on PETROBRAS’ P19 offshore oil production platform, an installation processing 125000 bbl/day. The modular approach applied during its development makes MODIG an easy to customize application. Prospects are that MODIG shall be soon installed on several other platforms.