bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in breast cancer: toward a unified understanding of breast cancer subtyping and prognosis signatures
Authors: Wirapati Pratyaksha , Sotiriou Christos , Kunkel Susanne , Farmer Pierre , Pradervand Sylvain , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Desmedt Christine , Ignatiadis Michail , Sengstag Thierry , Schütz Frédéric , Goldstein Darlene R , Piccart Martine , Delorenzi Mauro 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancer subtyping and prognosis have been studied extensively by gene expression profiling, resulting in disparate signatures with little overlap in their constituent genes. Although a previous study demonstrated a prognostic concordance among gene expression signatures, it was limited to only one dataset and did not fully elucidate how the different genes were related to one another nor did it examine the contribution of well-known biological processes of breast cancer tumorigenesis to their prognostic performance.

Method
To address the above issues and to further validate these initial findings, we performed the largest meta-analysis of publicly available breast cancer gene expression and clinical data, which are comprised of 2,833 breast tumors. Gene coexpression modules of three key biological processes in breast cancer (namely, proliferation, estrogen receptor [ER], and HER2 signaling) were used to dissect the role of constituent genes of nine prognostic signatures.

Results
Using a meta-analytical approach, we consolidated the signatures associated with ER signaling, ERBB2 amplification, and proliferation. Previously published expression-based nomenclature of breast cancer 'intrinsic' subtypes can be mapped to the three modules, namely, the ER-/HER2- (basal-like), the HER2+ (HER2-like), and the low- and high-proliferation ER+/HER2- subtypes (luminal A and B). We showed that all nine prognostic signatures exhibited a similar prognostic performance in the entire dataset. Their prognostic abilities are due mostly to the detection of proliferation activity. Although ER- status (basal-like) and ERBB2+ expression status correspond to bad outcome, they seem to act through elevated expression of proliferation genes and thus contain only indirect information about prognosis. Clinical variables measuring the extent of tumor progression, such as tumor size and nodal status, still add independent prognostic information to proliferation genes.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis unifies various results of previous gene expression studies in breast cancer. It reveals connections between traditional prognostic factors, expression-based subtyping, and prognostic signatures, highlighting the important role of proliferation in breast cancer prognosis.
Reliability of diagnostic coding in intensive care patients
Authors: Misset Benoît , Nakache Didier , Vesin Aurélien , Darmon Mickael , Garrouste-Orgeas Maïté , Mourvillier Bruno , Adrie Christophe , Pease Sébastian , de Beauregard Marie-Aliette Costa , Goldgran-Toledano Dany , Métais Elisabeth , Timsit Jean-François ,   The Outcomerea Database Investigators
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Administrative coding of medical diagnoses in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is mandatory in order to create databases for use in epidemiological and economic studies. We assessed the reliability of coding between different ICU physicians.

Method
One hundred medical records selected randomly from 29,393 cases collected between 1998 and 2004 in the French multicenter Outcomerea ICU database were studied. Each record was sent to two senior physicians from independent ICUs who recoded the diagnoses using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: Tenth Revision (ICD-10) after being trained according to guidelines developed by two French national intensive care medicine societies: the French Society of Intensive Care Medicine (SRLF) and the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR). These codes were then compared with the original codes, which had been selected by the physician treating the patient. A specific comparison was done for the diagnoses of septicemia and shock (codes derived from A41 and R57, respectively).

Results
The ICU physicians coded an average of 4.6 ± 3.0 (range 1 to 32) diagnoses per patient, with little agreement between the three coders. The primary diagnosis was matched by both external coders in 34% (95% confidence interval (CI) 25% to 43%) of cases, by only one in 35% (95% CI 26% to 44%) of cases, and by neither in 31% (95% CI 22% to 40%) of cases. Only 18% (95% CI 16% to 20%) of all codes were selected by all three coders. Similar results were obtained for the diagnoses of septicemia and/or shock.

Conclusion
In a multicenter database designed primarily for epidemiological and cohort studies in ICU patients, the coding of medical diagnoses varied between different observers. This could limit the interpretation and validity of research and epidemiological programs using diagnoses as inclusion criteria.
Non-pharmacological management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Álvarez-Jiménez Mario , Hetrick Sarah E. , González-Blanch César , Gleeson John F. , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundAntipsychotic-induced weight gain is a major concern in the treatment of psychosis. The efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions as well as the optimal intervention approach for this side-effect remain unclear.AimsTo determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions and specific treatment approaches to control antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with firstepisode or chronic schizophrenia.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.ResultsTen trials were included in the meta-analysis. Adjunctive non-pharmacological interventions, either individual or group interventions, or cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as nutritional counselling were effective in reducing or attenuating antipsychotic-induced weight gain compared with treatment as usual, with treatment effects maintained over follow-up.ConclusionsNon-pharmacological weight-management interventions should be a priority, particularly during the early stages of antipsychotic treatment. Preventive approaches have the potential to be more effective, acceptable, cost-efficient and beneficial.
Vocational intervention in first-episode psychosis: Individual placement and support v. treatment as usual
Authors: Killackey Eóin , Jackson Henry J. , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundUnemployment is a major problem for people with first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia. This has repercussions for the economy, social functioning and illness prognosis.AimsTo examine whether a vocational intervention - individual placement and support (IPS) - which has been found to be beneficial in populations with chronic schizophrenia, was a useful intervention for those with first-episode psychosis.MethodA total of 41 people with first-episode psychosis were randomised to receive either 6 months of IPS + treatment as usual (TAU) (n=20) or TAU alone (n=21).ResultsThe IPS group had significantly better outcomes on level of employment (13 v. 2, P<0.001), hours worked per week (median 38 v. 22.5, P=0.006), jobs acquired (23 v. 3) and longevity of employment (median 5 weeks v. 0, P=0.021). The IPS group also significantly reduced their reliance on welfare benefits.ConclusionsIndividual placement and support has good potential to address the problem of vocational outcome in people with first-episode psychosis. This has economic, social and health implications.
Competence of psychiatric clinicians in interpreting electrocardiograms and QT intervals: can they do this? Does it matter?
Authors: Solomons Luke , Treloar Adrian , Noronha Ryan 
Published: July 2008

Aims and MethodWe assessed the abilities of trainee and consultant psychiatrists in reading and interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs) and QT intervals using a questionnaire and standardised ECG.ResultsOnly 5% of our sample of trainee and consultant psychiatrists could correctly indicate a QTc interval. Performances on other measures, such as rate were also poor, with senior house officers performing better than consultants.Clinical ImplicationsThe increased awareness of problems caused by antipsychotics has not been reflected in improved knowledge of ECGs among psychiatrists. Machines do not reliably calculate QT intervals. We therefore urge better training and understanding of ECGs for psychiatrists.
Accuracy of hand-held ultrasound scanning in detecting meniscal tears
Authors: Shetty A. A. , Tindall A. J. , James K. D. , Relwani J. , Fernando K. W. 
Published: July 2008

The diagnosis of a meniscal tear may require MRI, which is costly. Ultrasonography has been used to image the meniscus, but there are no reliable data on its accuracy. We performed a prospective study investigating the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in comparison with MRI; the final outcome was determined at arthroscopy. The study included 35 patients with a mean age of 47 years (14 to 73). There was a sensitivity of 86.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 75 to 97.7), a specificity of 69.2% (95% CI 53.7 to 84.7), a positive predictive value of 82.6% (95% CI 70 to 95.2) and a negative predictive value of 75% (95% CI 60.7 to 81.1) for ultrasonography. This compared favourably with a sensitivity of 86.4% (95% CI 75 to 97.7), a specificity of 100.0%, a positive predictive value of 100.0% and a negative predictive value of 81.3% (95% CI 74.7 to 87.9) for MRI. Given that the sensitivity matched that of MRI we feel that ultrasonography can reasonably be applied to confirm the clinical diagnosis before undertaking arthroscopy. However, the lower specificity suggests that there is still a need to improve the technique to reduce the number of false-positive diagnoses and thus to avoid unnecessary arthroscopy.
Hip Fractures in Institutionalized Elderly People: Incidence Rates and Excess Mortality
Authors: Rapp Kilian , Becker Clemens , Lamb Sarah E , Icks Andrea , Klenk Jochen 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
It is assumed that nursing homes are the setting with the highest incidence of hip fractures. This observation is, however, based on very little data. The aim of this study was to analyze hip fracture rates and the associated excess mortality in a large nursing home population. A cohort of &gt;69,000 women and men newly admitted to German nursing homes were used to calculate sex- and age-specific incidence rates of hip fractures. To calculate excess mortality, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. To each patient with a hip fracture (n = 4342), four residents without hip fracture (n = 17,368) were matched by sex, age, and level of care (measure for the need of care). Hazard regression models were applied. During 91,850 person-years, 4342 hip fractures were observed. The crude incidence rates for hip fractures were 50.8/1000 person-years in women and 32.7/1000 person-years in men. The incidence rates increased with increasing age categories and were highest in the first months after admission to the nursing home. Increasing care need reduced the risk of hip fracture. Mortality in patients with a hip fracture was increased (women: hazard rate ratio for the first 3 mo after fracture, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.59–1.86; men: hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.80–2.53), but excess mortality was limited to the first months after injury. Data are presented for hip fracture rates and excess mortality after a hip fracture. Our results have implications on the timing and the allocation of specific measures for hip fracture prevention.
Impaired Energetic Metabolism After Central Leptin Signaling Leads to Massive Appendicular Bone Loss in Hindlimb-Suspended Rats
Authors: Martin Aline , David Valentin , Vico Laurence , Thomas Thierry 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
We previously showed in rats that the leptin effects on bone were dose dependent. Positive effects were observed when serum leptin concentration was in a physiological range. In contrast, important increases in serum leptin levels led to negative effects on bone formation similar to those reported after intracerebroventricular leptin administration in mice. To clarify whether leptin effects on bone depend on administration route and/or animal model, female rats were hindlimb unloaded or not and treated either with intracerebroventricular infusion of leptin or vehicle for 14 days. By increasing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leptin concentration, intracerebroventricular infusion of leptin significantly reduced food intake and consequently body weight, abdominal fat, and lean mass of the animals. Leptin infusion inhibited bone elongation over the 14 days and blunted cortical bone thickening at the femoral diaphysis site. Interestingly, leptin effects were site dependent in the cancellous bone envelopes, because tibia metaphysis BMD was lower and lumbar spine BMD was higher under intracerebroventricular leptin. Treated groups showed reduced bone remodeling independently of hindlimb unloading. Multiple downstream pathways were implicated in the mediation of these negative leptin effects on bone including not only stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system but also a decrease in somatotropic axis activity. Therefore, the intracerebroventricular leptin-induced bone loss could be largely related to the concurrent alteration of energetic and metabolic status. In summary, our study supports the hypothesis of a concentration-dependent balance between peripheral and central control of leptin on bone.
Partnerships with Complementary Professional-scientific and Service-delivery Organisations: The Future Direction for the Australian Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy
Authors: Murphy Gregory C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA brief historical analysis of AACBT's development and current performance suggests that the Association has suffered a loss of environmental support over the last decade. Selected examples of strategies used by other organisations to react to environmental change are presented as initiatives that offer potential for the Association to use in re-establishing itself as a major professional–scientific organisation.
The Effect of an Optimism and Lifeskills Program on Depressive Symptoms in Preadolescence
Authors: Quayle Diane , Dziurawiec Suzanne , Roberts Clare , Kane Robert , Ebsworthy Greg 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDepression is a serious mental health problem, affecting more young people than ever before. This research reports on the short-term effectiveness of an Optimism and Lifeskills Program for preventing depression in preadolescents. A randomised, controlled trial was conducted with students about to make their transition to high school, in a private girls school. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the program's effect on depressive and lonely symptoms, attributional style and self-worth, in a sample of 47 grade 7 girls at posttest and 6-month follow-up. Results showed fewer depressive symptoms and more positive self-worth in the intervention group compared to the control group at 6-month follow-up. This research indicates that depression prevention programs can be effective in the short-term and can provide valuable skills to young people making their transition to high school. Implementation issues and suggestions for further research on primary prevention for mental health in schools are discussed.
Intellectual Disability and Anxiety in Children: A Group-based Parent Skills-training Intervention
Authors: Ciechomski Lisa D. , Jackson Kylie L. , Tonge Bruce J. , King Neville J. , Heyne David A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAnxiety is a highly prevalent problem with various manifestations in young children, especially those with an intellectual disability. Many parents of children with disabilities also experience a wide range of health problems, including anxiety, stress and depression. Very few group-based programs for parents of disabled children have been evaluated, and none of the existing research studies specifically address child or parental anxiety. Given the success of cognitive-behavioural interventions for anxious children without disabilities, it is logical that these interventions be applied to anxious intellectually disabled children. This paper presents a rationale for a new parent training-based early intervention program, targeting anxiety in this population of young people.
Three Versus Six Sessions of Computer-aided Vicarious Exposure Treatment for Spider Phobia
Authors: Fraser Jacqui , Kirkby Kenneth C. , Daniels Brett , Gilroy Lisa , Montgomery Iain M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThirty participants diagnosed with specific phobia (spiders) were randomly allocated to receive a treatment dose of either three or six 45-minute sessions of a computer-aided vicarious exposure (CAVE) for spider phobia. Phobic symptom severity was measured at pretreatment, posttreatment and at one-month follow-up on a range of subjective and behavioural measures. Results showed that participants in both groups improved significantly across the majority of outcome measures from pre- to posttreatment and pretreatment to follow-up assessment. There were no significant differences between the three- and six-session groups. Process measures indicated that the six-session treatment group performed approximately twice as much vicarious exposure, however, competence on the program was reached by the end of three sessions. These results suggest that rehearsal of CAVE, beyond the level at which skill learning is consolidated, is not of therapeutic value. Further research is required to ascertain whether other forms of dosage effect may operate in computer-delivered behaviour therapy. For example, delivery of a wider range, rather than amount, of CAVE scenarios, or the delivery of a hierarchy of exposure stimuli on the screen, without a vicarious component, may show a dose-response relationship.
Identifying Crosscultural Differences in the Effectiveness of an Information and Free Child Seat Rental Program
Authors: Sibley Chris G. , Hunt Maree , Harper David N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPorirua (a suburb in Wellington, New Zealand) is a problem area for child restraint use and has been targeted by a variety of government-initiated, and largely ineffective, traffic safety campaigns in recent years (e.g., Gouldsbury, 1999). The present study attempted to increase child restraint use in cars at two Porirua Kindergartens, one predominantly Pacific Nations (Kindergarten A), and the other predominantly New Zealand European (Kindergarten B), by providing parents with information packages and vouchers for free child seat rental. An increase in correct child seat use was not observed at either kindergarten, although all unrestrained children observed during baseline at the predominantly New Zealand European kindergarten changed to wearing seat belts after the intervention. This finding suggests that income limitations per se are not the primary factor maintaining child seat non-use. Discussion focuses on the contradictory findings provided by both previous survey and observational research on the effect of ethnicity and income on child seat use. Potential crosscultural differences in the existence and salience of verbal community effects that may maintain child seat use through the avoidance of social punishment contingencies from other parents within the kindergarten are considered as one possible explanation for the present findings.
Learning How To Be A Good Sport: An Intervention Aimed at Increasing Sportsperson-like Behaviour
Authors: Mohr Caroline 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy to assist a very experienced Special Olympics tennis player control his unacceptable on-court behaviour. In 10 weekly sessions he was taught to relax both on and off court, change his gloomy self statements and negative predications of his future behaviour, analyse and learn three essential elements of good sporting behaviour and practised these skills under low stress conditions. He assisted in the writing of a book, which described all the stages of his therapy, and he looked at the book often between therapy sessions. At an interstate championship held 3 months later the player won all his early matches but lost in the final series. However he was able to practise relaxation skills and positive self-statements, and perform all the elements of good sporting behaviour.
Work, Women and Their Beliefs
Authors: O'Kelly Monica 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMany women now juggle the multiple roles of wife, mother, home maker, and paid worker. Although their behaviours may have changed, many of these women still adhere to traditional beliefs about their roles, which may predispose them to conflict and stress. Questionnaires were sent to all women working at a large urban teaching hospital in metropolitan Melbourne in a study to explore, among other factors, the relationship between occupational status, education level, and women's beliefs. Of the 2562 questionnaires sent out 974 (44%) were completed and returned, 422 of the questionnaires were completed by women who were living with a male partner and children. Multivariant analyses of variance were performed on the data. Results indicated a relationship between occupational status and adherence to traditional beliefs. Blue collar women had the most traditional beliefs followed by clerical women, then nurses. Managerial women and professional women had the least traditional beliefs. A similar relationship was found between level of education and beliefs; women with lower levels of education adhered to more traditional beliefs than women with higher education levels. It is possible that, as a result of adherence to traditional beliefs, women who are blue-collar workers and those with lower levels of education may be more predisposed to stress than other women when juggling their multiple roles.
Career Versus Motherhood? A Case Study Describing a Cognitive-existential Approach to the Dilemma
Authors: Dingle Genevieve 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe present paper reports a case study concerning a professional woman in her 30s, who presented to the Occupational Health department of a metropolitan hospital with work stress stemming from accelerating work demands and marital problems related to the decision about whether to start a family or continue her career. No clinical diagnosis was warranted; however, Maslach Burnout Inventory Scores indicated a high degree of emotional exhaustion and moderate levels of depersonalisation, offset by a high sense of personal accomplishment in her work role. The client also demonstrated severe stress and moderate depression on the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21). The case was conceptualised from a combined cognitive-existential perspective. The woman's cognitions about her work, relationship, and prospective motherhood roles were identified, as well as underlying existential issues such as finding a meaning in life and a fear of being alone and unloved. Eight sessions of therapy incorporated components of cognitive and existential therapies, aimed at managing stress and improving marital adjustment. Posttreatment results showed substantial reductions in all the measures of distress, while personal accomplishment remained high. The woman and her husband decided to defer starting a family until other issues had been addressed.