bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowing your costumer better
Authors: Förster Jens 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRegulatory engagement theory's strength over alternative accounts of consumer attitudes is highlighted. In line with the theory, it is argued that in order to predict behavior, one needs to understand the processes involved in goal pursuit, including the dynamic processes of value creation. The paper also attempts to integrate processes (e.g. multifinality, distance from the goal, inhibition upon goal fulfillment) known from other classic and modern self‐regulation models. Furthermore, the role of difficulty as a basis for value creation is discussed. In sum, regulatory engagement theory seems to be a rich and thought provoking account to predict people's behavior.As he walks in the door […] we hear a voice say:STORE VOICE: Hello, Mr. Yakamoto! Welcome back to the Gap. How'd those assorted tank tops work out for you?A lady enters the shop:STORE VOICE: Hey Miss Belfor, did you come back for another pair of those chammy lace ups?
The ethmo‐frontal angle: A new anatomic and radiologic landmark for use in sinus surgery
Authors: Becker Samuel S. , Beddow Peter A. , Duncavage James A. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveTo identify anatomic and radiologic landmarks to assist with frontal sinus surgery.Study DesignRetrospective review.Subjects and MethodsSinus CT scans of 50 patients were evaluated with respect to a new radiologic and anatomic landmark, the ethmo‐frontal angle (EFA).ResultsRight‐sided EFA ranged from 135 to 171 degrees. Left‐sided EFA ranged from 136 to 167 degrees. Measurements of both sides displayed a normal distribution. When right and left sides within individuals were compared, there was no correlation to indicate a high degree of variation between any particular patient's right and left side EFA.ConclusionThe EFA is a new landmark to assist otolaryngologists during surgery on and around the frontal sinus. Normal values for this angle have been presented. Surgeons should be aware that asymmetry in a patient's EFA is common, and each side should be examined individually.
Radiologic staging system for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS)
Authors: Wise Sarah K. , Rogers Gamwell A. , Ghegan Mark D. , Harvey Richard J. , DelGaudio John M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives1) Develop an objective method for quantifying radiologic bone erosion in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS); and 2) assess the utility of the new CT scan staging system in differentiating AFRS patient groups.MethodsPatients from two tertiary care rhinology practices with AFRS and available CT scans (1999–2007) were included for review by trained graders. The following novel assessment scale was used: Each paranasal sinus wall with expansion/erosion was scored 1 point, with maximum 3 points possible for each frontal sinus, 2 points for each ethmoid complex, 3 points for each sphenoid sinus, 3 points for each maxillary sinus, and 1 point each for the frontal and sphenoid intersinus septae, yielding maximum of 24 possible points.ResultsA total of 111 CT scans were reviewed. Mean score was 7.8 (range, 0–24). Males scored significantly higher than females (mean, 9.3 vs 5.6, P = 0.001). African Americans scored significantly higher than Caucasians (mean, 9.6 vs 5.0, P < 0.001).ConclusionsA scoring system for bone remodeling in AFRS is presented. Males and African‐Americans with AFRS demonstrate significantly more bone erosion. Additional analysis of disease course will assess the utility of this staging system in predicting outcomes.
Arytenoid prolapse: A source of obstruction following laryngotracheoplasty
Authors: Hart Catherine K. , Richter Gresham T. , Cotton Robin T. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveArytenoid prolapse is a potential source of upper airway obstruction following laryngotracheoplasty, and may be difficult to identify. We explored the incidence, clinical features, etiology, and surgical approach to patients with arytenoid prolapse following laryngotracheoplasty.Study DesignCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsThe charts of 93 patients diagnosed with arytenoid prolapse following laryngotracheoplasty from 1981 to 2007 were reviewed.ResultsThe incidence was 5.7 percent (93/1634). Forty‐nine patients had unilateral prolapse; 44 had bilateral prolapse. Average time from laryngotracheoplasty to presentation was 36.8 months. Common symptoms were dyspnea on exertion, tracheostomy dependence, and sleep‐disordered breathing. Fifty‐four patients (58%) required surgical intervention, with arytenoid reduction performed in 45 patients. Nine underwent reduction during revision laryngotracheoplasty or cricotracheal resection. Fourteen patients required a second procedure for persistent prolapse. Thirty‐nine (42%) required no intervention. Symptom resolution or decannulation was achieved in all patients in whom prolapse was the source of obstruction. Statistically significant differences were found when anterior vs posterior graft utilization was compared.ConclusionsArytenoid prolapse is a cause of airway obstruction following laryngotracheoplasty. Subtle airway complaints and decannulation failures are common features. Both endoscopic and open procedures can successfully treat arytenoid prolapse. Potential etiologies are discussed.
Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea in infants and young toddlers
Authors: Brigance Joseph S. , Miyamoto R. Christopher , Schilt Peter , Houston Derek , Wiebke Jennifer L. , Givan Deborah , Matt Bruce H. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveReview surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants and young toddlers compared with a medically treated group.Study DesignCase series with chart review of children younger than 24 months treated at a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2000 and 2005.Subjects and MethodsSurgical treatment included adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and tonsillectomy. Polysomnography results, comorbidities, and major complications were recorded. The change in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) before and after treatment was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis reviewed effects of comorbidities and OSA severity on complications.ResultsA total of 73 children met inclusion criteria. The surgical treatment group (AHI) improved posttreatment: mean AHI change was 9.6 (95% CI, 5.8‐13.4). The medical treatment group did not improve posttreatment: mean AHI change was −3.0 (95% CI, −15.1 to 9.1). The difference in AHI change between surgical and medical groups was 12.56 (95% CI, 2.7‐22.4). An independent t test found this difference to be statistically significant (P = 0.01). Eleven (18%) patients suffered significant postoperative surgical complications; 55 surgical patients and 8 medical patients had comorbidities. There were no long‐term morbidities or mortalities.ConclusionsAHI in the surgically treated group significantly improved. The complication rate for a tertiary pediatric hospital population that included patients with multiple comorbidities was acceptable.
“Is she a wife or a mother?” Social order, respect, and address in Mijikenda
Authors: McGivney James 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTMijikenda social relationships are of two types, “respectful” and “joking.” In this northeastern Bantu language of Kenya, respect based on kinship requires an overt linguistic marker: adjacent generations (parents and children) “respect” one another and address each other using plural forms. Kin of the same generation (siblings, cousins) and of alternate generations (grandparents, grandchildren) “joke” with one another and address each other in the singular. Accordingly, address form in Mijikenda signals and reaffirms generational identity and relative position in a well-defined social structure. It is also normatively associated with “correct” behavior. As pronouns of respect occur in such small-scale, nonstratified Bantu societies (and throughout the world), it is suggested that Brown and Gilman's (1960) particular hypothesis for the origin and spread of T/V respect systems needs to be replaced by a more socially persuasive and general explanation for a widespread phenomenon. (Sociolinguistics, pronouns of address, T/V systems, kinship, Kenya languages, Bantu)
Right throughs, rings and taws: Marbles terminology in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Winer Lise , Boos Hans E. A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTMarbles games (“pitch”), perhaps the most widely played of all traditional boys' games in Trinidad and Tobago, have declined precipitously in the last two decades. This article documents close to 200 marbles terms found in Trinidad and Tobago English Creole. Although most are British in origin, there are East Indian, French Creole, and possible African influences on this lexicon. An analysis of the discourse of marbles talk in its sociocultural context was prompted by its high affect for men who had played pitch as boys. Using frameworks from the sociology of games and from studies in language and gender, marbles talk is shown to demonstrate features of ”masculine“ gender-linked use of language and games, including highly elaborated rules and strategies, and competitive and confrontational use of language. (Caribbean, change, Creole, discourse, games, gender, marbles, obsolescence)
Discursive bias and ideology in the administration of minority group interests
Authors: Corson David J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis study suggests how easily distorted communication can arise in formal administrative discourse when the interests of those with some stake in the matter under discussion are not represented among the participants. After discussing the nature of power and its exercise in administrative settings, the article presents three episodes of discourse analysis. Members of a Board of Trustees were highly successful in debating and reaching suitable conclusions when the agenda items concerned their own close interests; they were able to create a discursive context that was relatively free of distorting ideologies, and which allowed participants to judge the sincerity, truth, justifiability, and meaningfulness of what was said. However, when the meeting agenda broached the affairs of an out-group with no known patronage on the Board, distortions in communication and small injustices became common; the out-group's interests were compromised. The article generalizes from the use of discursive power in this instance to the treatment of other culturally different minorities whose views and interests are not well represented among administrators and policy makers. It recommends how discursive power could be exercised more fairly in social institutions, and in public administration generally. (Discourse, power, minority groups, ideology, educational administration)
“You gotta know how to tell a story”: Telling, tales, and tellers in American and Israeli narrative events at dinner
Authors: Blum-Kulka Shoshana 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis study explores the degree of cultural diversity in the dinner-table conversation narrative events of eight middle-class Jewish-American and eight Israeli families, matched on family constellation. Conceptualized in terms of a threefold framework of telling, tales, and tellers, the analysis reveals both shared and unshared narrative event properties. Narrative events unfold in both groups in similar patterns with respect to multiple participation in the telling, the prevalence of personal experience tales, and the respect for children's story-telling rights. Yet cultural styles come to the fore in regard to each realm as well as their interrelations. American families locate tales outside the home but close in time, ritualizing recounts of “today”; Israeli families favor tales more distant in time but closer to home. While most narratives foreground individual selves, Israeli families are more likely to recount shared events that center around the family “us” as protagonist. In modes of telling, American families claim access to story ownership through familiarity with the tale, celebrating monologic performances; but in Israeli families, ownership is achievable through polyphonic participation in the telling. (Ethnography of communication, language and culture, conversation analysis, folklore, narrative).
Proverbial dog names of the Baatombu: A strategic alternative to silence
Authors: Schottman Wendy 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA theoretical framework is presented to account for various means of indirect verbal communication used by the Baatombu of northern Benin to accomplish face-threatening acts, and a particular technique involving dog names is discussed. By carefully choosing a proverbial name for a puppy, the owner can then, simply by calling the dog, convey a message meant either for a particular neighbor or for anyone who hears it and feels concerned by its content. This diplomatic way of expressing oneself when a difference arises is doubly indirect: (a) The dog's owner makes use of a pseudo-addressee (the dog), and (b) the message is formulated with a proverb, therefore with words of which the owner is not the author. (Animal names, Africa, communicative acts, ethnography of speaking, indirectness, politeness, speech acts)
Constituting and maintaining activities across sequences:And-prefacing as a feature of question design
Authors: Heritage John , Sorjonen Marja-Leena 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe role of the connectiveandis here considered as a preface to questions in spoken interaction. Using data from informal medical encounters, it is argued thatand-prefacing is used to link a question to a preceding question/answer pair or pairs. In such contexts,and-prefacing indicates that the questions it prefaces have a routine or agenda-based character. This in turn can be a resource which invokes and sustains an orientation to an activity or course of action that is implemented through a series of question/answer pairs, but transcends any individual pair. The general characteristics ofand-prefaced questions are contrasted with “contingent” or “follow-up” questions, which are not normallyand-prefaced. Some strategic uses ofand-prefaced questions are described, and the role of the device within the more general sociolinguistic context of the data is discussed. (Connectives, conversation analysis, discourse, institutional interaction, medical encounters, turn design)
Amish newsletters inThe Budget: A genre study of written communication
Authors: Galindo René 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Budgetis a newspaper which has served Amish communities for over a hundred years by disseminating community news to Amish settlements across North America. The main feature of this newspaper are newsletters written by volunteers from local Amish settlements, called “scribes,” who report news and happenings from their church districts. In this study the generic characteristics of the newsletters are identified, as is their role in the reproduction of Amish cultural values. The newsletters display generic consistency demonstrated in the predictable location, form, and content of the components of the newsletter. Scribes' reports of community news report events which are central to maintaining the importance of the interpersonal basis of Amish community life, and serve to maintain those items as reportable and noteworthy topics in the Amish communicative economy. (Amish, genre, written communication)
Appropriating others' words: Traces of literature and peer culture in a third-grader's writing
Authors: Lensmire Timothy J. , Beals Diane E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTMikhail Bakhtin's notion ofappropriationis a potentially powerful way to conceptualize discourse development in children. Typically, studies of discourse development have emphasized structural aspects of text. However, children appropriate not only forms, but also words, themes, purposes, and styles. From a developmental point of view, the concept of appropriation raises at least three questions: What is it that children appropriate? Where do they get their material? And what do they do with that material? In an attempt to make sense of appropriation as a developmental construct, we examine one third-grader's writing: Suzanne's book,The missing piece. We find that Suzanne appropriated material from two major sources: (a) adult-authored text – Margaret Sidney's novel,Five little Peppers and how they grew– and (b) the meanings and values of a stratified local peer culture. We conclude by discussing the significance of this work for future research on children's discourse development. (Discourse development, Mikhail Bakhtin, peer culture, social context of writing, children's writing, appropriation)
Language,Nineteen eighty-four, and 1989
Authors: Buchowski Michał , Kronenfeld David B. , Peterman William , Thomas Lynn 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe article examines the fact that the push for democracy and the end of Communist rule in Central Europe was phrased in terms of traditional European notions of freedom and democracy, in spite of longlived Communist attempts to redefine these and related terms in order to make them a Communist reality. Communist language usage was forcefully brought home to the West by George Orwell inNineteen Eighty-Four, especially in his notion of “doublethink”. We use the semantic theory of David Kronenfeld, along with Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance and Jean Piaget's views of how children's cognitive systems develop (including natural language), to derive a theoretical explanation for the failure of the Orwellian prediction and of the Communist linguistic efforts on which it was predicated. The explanation involves Ferdinand de Saussure's central idea that language is an interlinked system which is crucially social, and points to the critical role of childre's early language learning (in mundane, everyday contexts) on the development and structuring of their adult system. (Extensionist semantics, politics and language, cognitive dissonance, Central Europe, Poland, George Orwell, propaganda, language change)
Tense variation as a performance feature in a Scottish folktale
Authors: Leith Dick 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAnalysis of two versions of a long fairy tale, “The Green Man of Knowledge,” as narrated by the same storyteller on two separate occasions, shows considerable variation in the use of performance features, especially the historic present tense. One narration is in “additive” style, with the historic present as the norm; the other shows a gradual “breakthrough to performance,” with the historic present dominant in certain segments. There are more patterns in the use of this tense, and more factors affecting it, than have hitherto been acknowledged; it may be instructive to see how it co-occurs with other performance features. The discussion raises questions about the usefulness of quantitative analysis, and about issues of meaning, genre, audience, and the individuality of the storyteller. (Folklore; Scots; narratology; genre; rhetoric; qualitative analysis)
The political economy of code choice in a “revolutionary society”: Tamil-English bilingualism in Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Canagarajah A. Suresh 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article explores the persistence of Tamil-English bilingualism in the Marxist/Nationalist de-facto separate state of Jaffna (Sri Lanka) through an integrated macro- and micro-sociolinguistic analysis of code choice in the community. While Tamil is dominant at present, the international hegemony of English is nevertheless subtly felt. There are now few L2 dominant or balanced bilinguals; grammatical competence in “standard English” is declining; Tamil has taken over many conventionally English domains; extensive use of unmixed English is reduced to a few formal contexts; and political pressure proscribes English. However, through code-switching activity, English continues to be used in a more pervasive form than ever before, in conventional and unconventional contexts, with complex communicative competence. Code-switching helps reconcile the socio-psychological conflicts of the community and assures the continuity of bilingualism (defying prophecies of English death), with the possibility of an Englishized Tamil becoming an independent code. (Bilingualism, code-switching, English, language choice)
Working toward play: Complexity in children's fantasy activities
Authors: Whalen Marilyn R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTChildren's play activities are widely perceived as developing from primitive to increasingly complex forms of social organization, as children mature and acquire interactional competency. Research following this traditional, developmentally oriented approach postulates that sports and games with rules are the most advanced and complex form of play activity; activities involving fantasy and pretend-play are viewed in comparison as considerably less complex. This article argues that fantasy play encounters exhibit complex features in their own right, and that long-held distinctions between higher-order games and fantasy play are conceptually overdrawn. The argument is grounded in a conversation analytic study of the play activities of a cross-sex, mixed-age neighborhood play group. This analysis focuses on the endogenous social organization of a fantasy play encounter. (Conversation analysis, children's play, socialization, social psychology)
A Sociolinguistic analysis of address forms in Yoruba
Authors: Oyetade Solomon Oluwọle 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article provides a descriptive analysis of the entire system of address forms in Yoruba, a Defoid language of the Niger-Congo phylum, spoken principally in the western part of Nigeria and to a lesser extent in the Republics of Benin and Togo. With data from short radio and TV plays, unobtrusive observation of actual usage, and introspection, it was discovered that the choices made by interlocutors are guided by the perceived social relationship that exists between them. The principal indices of this among the Yoruba are age, social status, and kinship. Nevertheless, certain peculiarities are noticeable. For instance, the dichotomy of power vs. solidarity (Brown & Gilman 1960) becomes blurred with respect to Yoruba kinship terms of address; thus solidarity does not necessarily imply equality among the Yoruba. (Politeness, address, kinship, Africa, Yoruba)
ThePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1675–1975: A sociohistorical discourse analysis
Authors: Atkinson Dwight 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis study traces the evolution of scientific research writing in English from 1675 to 1975. Two separate methods of discourse analysis – rhetorical analysis focusing on broad genre characteristics, and sociolinguistic register analysis – are applied to a large corpus of articles from thePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. The two sets of results are then interpreted vis-à-vis the Royal Society's social history to yield an integrated description. Findings indicate that: (a) research writing in the 17th – 18th centuries was substantially influenced by communicative norms of author-centered genteel conduct; (b) greater attention to methodology and precision in the interest of scientific specialization brought about pronounced textual changes in the 19th century, although gentlemanly norms were still in evidence; and (c) by the late 20th century, expanded theoretical description/discussions appear to have replaced experiments and methods as the rhetorical centerpiece of the research article. (Discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis, register, social studies of science, scientific writing, corpus linguistics)