bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity and effective temperature distribution on the surface of contact binary systems
Authors: Tsantilas S. , Rovithis‐Livaniou H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the gravity and the effective temperature distribution on the outer equipotential surface of a contact binary. In particular, the lines of constant g, (the iso‐g curves), are computed and plotted on the outer surface Cs of contact configurations. Since the gravity distribution would also specify the effective temperature distribution on the binary's common photosphere through the gravity darkening effect, these lines correspond to isothermals too. Applications have been made to two contact binaries; namely, to AW UMa and OO Aql, two systems with very different mass ratios. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐temperature primordial gas in merging halos
Authors: Vasiliev E. O. , Shchekinov Yu. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe thermal regime of the baryons behind shock waves arising in the process of virialization of dark matter halos is governed at certain conditions by radiation of HD lines. A small fraction of the shocked gas can cool down to the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We estimate an upper limit for this fraction: at z = 10 it increases sharply from about qT ∼ 10–3 for dark halos of M = 5 × 107 M⊙ to ∼ 0.1 for halos with M = 108 M⊙. Further increase of the halo mass does not lead however to a significant growth of qT – the asymptotic value for M ≫ 108 M⊙ is 0.3. We estimate the star formation rate associated with such shock waves, and show that they can provide a small but not negligible fraction of the star formation. We argue that extremely metal‐poor low‐mass stars in the Milky Way may have been formed from primordial gas behind such shocks. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of NADPH supply during xylitol production by engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Chin Jonathan W. , Khankal Reza , Monroe Caroline A. , Maranas Costas D. , Cirino Patrick C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEscherichia coli strain PC09 (ΔxylB, cAMP‐independent CRP (crp*) mutant) expressing an NADPH‐dependent xylose reductase from Candida boidinii (CbXR) was previously reported to produce xylitol from xylose while metabolizing glucose [Cirino et al. (2006) Biotechnol Bioeng 95(6): 1167–1176]. This study aims to understand the role of NADPH supply in xylitol yield and the contribution of key central carbon metabolism enzymes toward xylitol production. Studies in which the expression of CbXR or a xylose transporter was increased suggest that enzyme activity and xylose transport are not limiting xylitol production in PC09. A constraints‐based stoichiometric metabolic network model was used to understand the roles of central carbon metabolism reactions and xylose transport energetics on the theoretical maximum molar xylitol yield (xylitol produced per glucose consumed), and xylitol yields (YRPG) were measured from resting cell biotransformations with various PC09 derivative strains. For the case of xylose‐proton symport, omitting the Zwf (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase) or PntAB (membrane‐bound transhydrogenase) reactions or TCA cycle activity from the model reduces the theoretical maximum yield from 9.2 to 8.8, 3.6, and 8.0 mol xylitol (mol glucose)−1, respectively. Experimentally, deleting pgi (encoding phosphoglucose isomerase) from strain PC09 improves the yield from 3.4 to 4.0 mol xylitol (mol glucose)−1, while deleting either or both E. coli transhydrogenases (sthA and pntA) has no significant effect on the measured yield. Deleting either zwf or sucC (TCA cycle) significantly reduces the yield from 3.4 to 2.0 and 2.3 mol xylitol (mol glucose)−1, respectively. Expression of a xylose reductase with relaxed cofactor specificity increases the yield to 4.0. The large discrepancy between theoretical maximum and experimentally determined yield values suggests that biocatalysis is compromised by pathways competing for reducing equivalents and dissipating energy. The metabolic role of transhydrogenases during E. coli biocatalysis has remained largely unspecified. Our results demonstrate the importance of direct NADPH supply by NADP+‐utilizing enzymes in central metabolism for driving heterologous NADPH‐dependent reactions, and suggest that the pool of reduced cofactors available for biotransformation is not readily interchangeable via transhydrogenase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 209–220. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Critical conflict resolution theory and practice
Authors: Hansen Toran 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article brings together a variety of ideas from critical theorists and practitioners in order to present a coherent critical approach for the field of conflict resolution. The historical roots of critical theory are briefly presented, along with critical practices that conflict resolution practitioners and theorists have developed. This leads to a discussion of critical strategies that are employed by conflict resolution practitioners who have aligned their practice and values with critical ideology. The potential place of critical theory and practice in the field of conflict resolution is stressed, highlighting new forms of practice and new roles for practitioners. As Alinsky wrote, “Conflict is the essential core of a free and open society” (1971, p. 12).
Performance analysis of adaptive receivers for DS/CDMA communication systems
Authors: Ueng Fang‐Biau , Chen Jun‐Da , Yang Jia‐Yu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBoth intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple‐access interference (MAI) are the important issues in code division multiple access (CDMA) multiuser communication systems. The step size of the traditional least‐mean‐square (LMS) adaptive receivers must be substantially adjusted to overcome the effect due to different channel responses or different numbers of active users. The normalized‐LMS (NLMS) algorithm can automatically manipulate the adjustment to avoid the problem just discussed. This paper proposes the symbol‐based interference rejection filter with NLMS algorithm and derives both finite impulse response (FIR)‐ and infinite impulse response (IIR)‐type algorithms. We also derive the optimal step sizes and minimum mean‐square errors (MSEs) for both the FIR and IIR symbol‐based receivers. The complexity of our proposed FIR receiver is lower than that of the conventional chip‐based receivers. In addition, it is shown that the bit error rate performance of our proposed symbol‐based receivers is superior to conventional one in the simulations. Simulations also show the correctness of our theoretical analysis of minimum MSE. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gastrointestinal disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities
Authors: Sullivan Peter B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChildren with neurodevelopmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy (CP), spina bifida, or inborn errors of metabolism frequently have associated gastrointestinal problems. These include oral motor dysfunction leading to feeding difficulties, risk of aspiration, prolonged feeding times, and malnutrition with its attendant physical compromise. Gastrostomy tube feeding is increasingly being used in these children to circumvent oral motor dysfunction and prevent malnutrition. Foregut dysmotility causes several problems such as dysphagia from oesophageal dysmotility, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, and delayed gastric emptying. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is common in these children but often fails to respond to medical management and may require surgical treatment. Finally, constipation is often a problem that may be overlooked in this population. This article focuses on these associated gastrointestinal manifestations and discusses the current diagnostic and therapeutic options available. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:128–136.
Fundamental performance of superconducting fault current limiter with two air core coils
Authors: Shimizu Hirotaka , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Matsumura Toshiro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we theoretically compared the fundamental characteristics of fault current limiter (FCL) with high‐Tc superconductor (HTS) and two coaxial air‐core coils based on steady‐state analysis. Two types of FCL are possible. One is parallel type and the other is transformer type. The parallel type can be divided into two types according to the combination of the winding direction of coils. That is, there are two cases that the coils are wound so that the magnetic fluxes induced by coils reduce and increase each other. In this paper, we called them parallel type 1 and 2, respectively. There is no significant difference in the HTS volume required to satisfy both the specified limiting impedance ZFCL and initial current Iini in limiting operation among those three FCLs although the HTS in each type of FCL has different length and cross‐sectional area. In the cases of those FCLs, we can improve the current limiting performance by arranging the HTS in the coils and applying the magnetic flux to the HTS in the limiting operation. The magnitudes of the magnetic flux density are almost the same. From the viewpoint of the FCL impedance in normal operation, parallel type 1 has the most desirable structure. On the other hand, transformer type is the best to eliminate the magnetic flux applied to the HTS in the normal operation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 29–36, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20477
Algorithm‐level evaluation of DPA resistance to cryptosystems
Authors: Sasaki Akihiko , Abe Kôki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPaul Kocher has proposed a cryptanalysis technique called differential power analysis (DPA), in which attackers derive secret information such as private keys from a statistical analysis of the power consumption by the target device. There is now a demand to evaluate the DPA resistivity of a cryptographic device before the device is actually created. In this paper, we focus on simulating DPA with high speed at algorithm level in upstream of the design process. Messerges used a power leakage model to obtain power consumption from Hamming weight for proof of high‐order DPA. However, the correctness of the model has not been verified. In this paper, we verify that difference of power consumption in DPA can be obtained from the power leakage model by investigating the cause of power consumption of CMOS circuits and transition probability of logic gates. The verification is performed by means of a circuit simulator. Next we describe a method of performing algorithm‐level simulation which calculates power consumption using the power leakage model. We illustrate the effectiveness of the method by applying it to DPA resistivity evaluation of DES implementation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 37– 45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20611
CGU‐frame‐based representations and their connection with Reed—Solomon and DCT/DST coding schemes
Authors: Abdelkefi Fatma 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe investigate the use of overcomplete frame representations to correct errors occurring over burst‐based transmission channels or channels leading to isolated errors. We show that when the overcomplete signal representation is based on a class of frames, called cyclic geometrically uniform (CGU) finite frames, the family of frames containing finite harmonic frames (both in ${\cal C}^M$ and ${\cal R}^{M}$), this representation becomes equivalent to a Reed‐‐Solomon (RS) coding scheme. Hence, introducing an RS decoding procedure at the receiver, leads to remove the errors introduced by the transmission channel and consequently results in a quasi‐perfect reconstructed signal. The advantage of this approach is to exploit the RS coding scheme without using it explicitly at the transmitter, which would lead to a robust and low complexity transmission. Furthermore, we prove that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding is a special case of CGU‐frame‐based representations and this property holds also true for the discrete sine transform (DST) coding scheme. Simulation results are presented to confirm our claims. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenomyoepitheliomatous lesions of the mammary glands in transgenic mice with targeted PLAG1 overexpression
Authors: Declercq Jeroen , Skaland Ivar , Van Dyck Frederik , Janssen Emiel A.M. , Baak Jan P. , Drijkoningen Maria , Van de Ven Wim J.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPLAG1 proto‐oncogene overexpression has been causally linked to multiple tumors, highlighting its broad tumorigenic relevance. Here, the oncogenic potential of PLAG1 in mammary gland tumorigenesis was investigated in PLAG1 transgenic mice. To target mammary glands, mice of 2 independent PLAG1 transgenic strains, PTMS1 and PTMS2, in which PLAG1 expression can be modulated by Cre‐mediation, were crossed with MMTV‐Cre transgenic mice, resulting in P1‐MCre and P2‐MCre offspring, respectively. Hundred percentage of P1‐MCre female mice showed mammary gland hyperplasia, caused by adenomyoepithelial adenosis, at 8 weeks. The tumorigenic process could not be studied further in P1‐MCre mice, because concomitant fast‐growing salivary gland tumors required euthanasia. Sixteen percentage of P2‐MCre females developed mammary gland adenomyoepitheliomas within 30–45 weeks, and none displayed concomitant salivary gland tumors. To further study mammary gland tumorigenesis in PTMS1‐derived mice, intercrossing with WAP‐Cre transgenic mice, resulting in P1‐WAPCre mice, was performed to target PLAG1 expression more specifically to mammary glands. Eighty percentage of such mice developed adenomyoepitheliomas within 53–88 weeks. All PLAG1‐induced adenomyoepitheliomas revealed expression upregulation of Igf2/H19, Dlk1/Gtl2, Igfbps and Wnt signaling genes (Wnt6, Cyclin D1). Collectively, these results establish the oncogenic potential of PLAG1 in mammary glands of mice and point towards contributing roles of Igf and Wnt signaling. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mitotic checkpoint gene, SIL is regulated by E2F1
Authors: Erez Ayelet , Chaussepied Marie , Castiel Asher , Colaizzo‐Anas Tina , Aplan Peter D. , Ginsberg Doron , Izraeli Shai 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe SIL gene expression is increased in multiple cancers and correlates with the expression of mitotic spindle checkpoint genes and with increased metastatic potential. SIL regulates mitotic entry, organization of the mitotic spindle and cell survival. The E2F transcription factors regulate cell cycle progression by controlling the expression of genes mediating the G1/S transition. More recently, E2F has been shown to regulate mitotic spindle checkpoint genes as well. As SIL expression correlates with mitotic checkpoint genes, we hypothesized that SIL is regulated by E2F. We mined raw data of published experiments and performed new experiments by modification of E2F expression in cell lines, reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Ectopic expression or endogenous activation of E2F induced the expression of SIL, while knockdown of E2F by shRNA, downregulated SIL expression. E2F activated SIL promoter by reporter assay and bound to SIL promoter in vivo. Taken together these data demonstrate that SIL is regulated by E2F. As SIL is essential for mitotic entry, E2F may regulate G2/M transition through the induction of SIL. Furthermore, as silencing of SIL cause apoptosis in cancer cells, these finding may have therapeutic relevance in tumors with constitutive activation of E2F. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal gene expression correlates of Parkinson's disease with dementia
Authors: Stamper Chelsea , Siegel Andrew , Liang Winnie S. , Pearson John V. , Stephan Dietrich A. , Shill Holly , Connor Don , Caviness John N. , Sabbagh Marwan , Beach Thomas G. , Adler Charles H. , Dunckley Travis 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDementia is a common disabling complication in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The underlying molecular causes of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) are poorly understood. To identify candidate genes and molecular pathways involved in PDD, we have performed whole genome expression profiling of susceptible cortical neuronal populations. Results show significant differences in expression of 162 genes (P < 0.01) between PD patients who are cognitively normal (PD‐CogNL) and controls. In contrast, there were 556 genes (P < 0.01) significantly altered in PDD compared to either healthy controls or to PD‐CogNL cases. These results are consistent with increased cortical pathology in PDD relative to PD‐CogNL and identify underlying molecular changes associated with the increased pathology of PDD. Lastly, we have identified expression differences in 69 genes in PD cortical neurons that occur before the onset of dementia and that are exacerbated upon the development of dementia, suggesting that they may be relevant presymptomatic contributors to the onset of dementia in PD. These results provide new insights into the cortical molecular changes associated with PDD and provide a highly useful reference database for researchers interested in PDD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Poor dopaminergic response of impaired dexterity in Parkinson's disease: Bradykinesia or limb kinetic apraxia?
Authors: Gebhardt Andreas , Vanbellingen Tim , Baronti Fabio , Kersten Bernd , Bohlhalter Stephan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often show impaired manual dexterity even when being only minimally bradykinetic, suggesting that they may have limb kinetic apraxia (LKA), that is, a loss of fine motor skill not explained by elemental motor deficits. To explore this dissociation, we investigated the differential dopaminergic responsiveness of dexterity and bradykinesia in PD. Twelve patients with PD (4 women, age 64.4 ± 8.3, mean + SD) and 12 matched healthy controls (64.8 ± 8.9) were tested twice in ON vs. OFF and 1st vs. 2nd trial, respectively. A coin rotation (CR) task was applied to assess dexterity and a finger tapping (FT) task to assess bradykinesia. Performance was followed by video recording and analyzed by measuring the frequency of CR and FT during three 10‐second periods. Statistical analysis was done by a mixed factorial design with group (PD vs. controls) as between‐subject factor and medication (ON‐ vs. OFF‐state or 1st vs. 2nd trial), task (FT vs. CR), and handedness (dominant vs. nondominant) as within‐subject factors. In patients with PD, regardless of hand involved, dopaminergic treatment only mildly improved CR performance, in contrast to the strong increase in FT scores (up to the level of controls), as demonstrated by the significant triple interaction of the factors group, medication, and task (F1,22 = 7.9, P = 0.01; η2 = 0.26). Furthermore, CR scores were considerably lower, both in OFF and ON, than in normal controls, pointing to a substantial impairment of dexterity in PD (P < 0.001). In conclusion, impaired manual dexterity showing significantly diminished response to dopaminergic treatment suggests that dextrous deficits in PD are related to LKA rather than bradykinesia. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Parallel generation of initial element assemblies for two‐dimensional discrete element simulations
Authors: Zsaki A. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe discrete element method (DEM) enables modeling of the behavior of granular materials and rock masses via the interaction of elements, as the whole model deforms under the applied loading. As a starting point of any DEM simulation, the computational domain needs to be filled with discrete elements. Disks are often used for 2D simulations to generate the model. There are techniques developed to fill a domain with disks, but some of them take considerable time, comparable to the DEM simulation itself. This article presents a parallel algorithm that can fill domains with a tight packing of disks. The algorithm is scalable and its implementation was tested on both a shared memory parallel computer and a multiprocessor, multicore workstation. The applicability of the algorithm in filling domains with disks is demonstrated on a practical example of ore flow at a drawpoint in mining. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Where are we now?’ A process for evaluating the context of care in practice development
Authors: Boomer Christine , McCormack Brendan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis is the second article in which we share the processes used during the action cycles of a collaborative practice development (PD) programme with the focus of developing clinical nurse leaders to develop practice. The focus for this particular action cycle of the programme was ‘changes to clinical care received by service users and to the context of care delivery’. This article presents an overview of the activity cycles that took place to enable the clinical leaders to evaluate culture, context and existing practice in their units, and then to move practice forward towards their visions for the future.The activities initiated and employed in this PD programme have enabled the participating clinical leaders to evaluate practice, and identify and implement practice changes in a bid to move towards transforming the culture and context of care in their individual practice setting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscoelastic behavior of epoxy prepolymer/organophilic montmorillonite dispersions
Authors: Solar Lorena , Nohales Andrés , Muñoz‐Espí Rafael , López Daniel , Gómez Clara M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDispersions of a bisphenol A‐based epoxy resin with an organophilic montmorillonite (Nanofil 919) were studied by X‐ray diffraction and oscillatory shear rheometry. X‐ray studies reveal that the clay is intercalated by the epoxy and forms stable dispersions. The viscoelastic behavior of the nanodispersions was measured as a function of the Nanofil concentration and temperature. An increase in both G′ and G″ moduli was detected as the concentration increases. Furthermore, a transition from a liquid‐like behavior, at low temperatures, to a solid‐like behavior, at higher temperatures, was observed for all the samples. This transition is accounted for the formation of a percolated structure of interconnected tactoids through hydrophobic interactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1837–1844, 2008