bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Intensity of Care at the End of Life for Patients With Lung Cancer: A 13-Year Population-Based Study
Authors: Rodriguez Gladys M. , Popat Rita , Rosas Lisa G. , Patel Manali I. 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSELung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Disparities in lung cancer mortality among racial and ethnic minorities are well documented. Less is known as to whether racial and ethnic minority patients with lung cancer experience higher rates of intensity of care at the end of life (EOL) compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients.METHODSWe conducted a population-based analysis of patients 18 years and older with a lung cancer diagnosis who died between 2005 and 2018 using the California Cancer Registry linked to patient discharge data abstracts. Our primary outcome was intensity of care in the last 14 days before death (defined as any hospital admission or emergency department [ED] visit, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR], hemodialysis, and death in an acute care setting). We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate associations between race and ethnicity and intensity of EOL care.RESULTSAmong 207,429 patients with lung cancer who died from 2005 to 2018, the median age was 74 years (range, 18-107) and 106,821 (51%) were male, 146,872 (70.8%) were NHW, 1,045 (0.5%) were American Indian, 21,697 (10.5%) were Asian Pacific Islander (API), 15,490 (7.5%) were Black, and 22,325 (10.8%) were Hispanic. Compared with NHW patients, in the last 14 days before death, API, Black, and Hispanic patients had greater odds of a hospital admission, an ICU admission, intubation, CPR, and hemodialysis and greater odds of a hospital or ED death.CONCLUSIONCompared with NHW patients, API, Black, and Hispanic patients who died with lung cancer experienced higher intensity of EOL care. Future studies should develop approaches to eliminate such racial and ethnic disparities in care delivery at the EOL.
Advanced progress of network resilience
Authors: Liu Min , Guo Qiang , Liu Jianguo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Network resilience measures complex systems’ ability to adjust its activity to retain the basic functionality for systematic errors or failures, which has attracted increasingly attention from various fields. Resilience analyses play an important role for early warning, prediction, and proposing potential strategies or designing optimal resilience systems. This letter reviews the advanced progress of network resilience from three aspects: Resilience measurement, resilience analysis, as well as resilience recovery strategies. We outline the challenges of network resilience which should be investigated in the future.
The Effects of Calorie Restriction and Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Proneurotensin Levels
Authors: Miskelly Michael G , Berggren Johan , Svensson Malin , Koffert Jukka , Honka Henri , Kauhanen Saila , Nuutila Pirjo , Hedenbro Jan , Lindqvist Andreas , Melander Olle , Wierup Nils 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Proneurotensin (pNT) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on postprandial pNT levels are not well studied.

Objective
This work aimed to assess the effects of RYGB vs a very low-energy diet (VLED) on pNT levels in response to mixed-meal tests (MMTs), and long-term effects of RYGB on fasting pNT.

Methods
Cohort 1: Nine normoglycemic (NG) and 10 T2D patients underwent MMT before and after VLED, immediately post RYGB and 6 weeks post RYGB. Cohort 2: Ten controls with normal weight and 10 patients with obesity and T2D, who underwent RYGB or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), underwent MMTs and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) infusions pre surgery and 3 months post surgery. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) infusions were performed in normal-weight participants. Cohort 3: Fasting pNT was assessed pre RYGB (n = 161), 2 months post RYGB (n = 92), and 1year post RYGB (n = 118) in NG and T2D patients. pNT levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Reduced fasting and postprandial pNT were evident after VLED and immediately following RYGB. Reintroduction of solid food post RYGB increased fasting and postprandial pNT. Prior to RYGB, all patients lacked a meal response in pNT, but this was evident post RYGB/VSG. GIP or GLP-1 infusion had no effect on pNT levels. Fasting pNTs were higher 1-year post RYGB regardless of glycemic status.

Conclusion
RYGB causes a transient reduction in pNT as a consequence of caloric restriction. The RYGB/VSG-induced rise in postprandial pNT is independent of GIP and GLP-1, and higher fasting pNTs are maintained 1 year post surgically.
Reference Values for Serum Calcium in Neonates Should Be Established in a Population of Vitamin D–Replete Subjects
Authors: Levaillant Lucie , Linglart Agnès , Gajdos Vincent , Benachi Alexandra , Souberbielle Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Serum calcium is frequently measured during the neonatal period, and it is known to be influenced by the vitamin D status.

Objective
We hypothesized that the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration may influence the lower limit of the serum calcium normal range in neonates.

Methods
We included in our prospective cohort study 1002 mother-newborn pair recruited from April 2012 to July 2014, in 2 centers located in the neighborhoods of Paris, France, whose serum calcium was measured at 3 days of life. We established, after exclusion of outliers, a 95% CI for serum calcium (i) in our whole population of 1002 neonates; (ii) in neonates with a cord blood 25OHD concentration ≥ 30 nmol/L; and (iii) in those with a 25OHD ≥ 50 nmol/L.

Results
The mean serum total calcium was 2.46 ± 0.13 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.19-2.72 mmol/L), 2.47 ± 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: 2.22-2.72 mmol/L), and 2.50 ± 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: 2.25-2.75 mmol/L) in the whole group, in the 514 neonates with 25OHD ≥ 30 nmol/L, and in the 202 neonates with 25OHD ≥ 50 nmol/L respectively. The lower limit of the 95% range was significantly higher in neonates with 25 OHD ≥ 30 nmol/L (P &lt; 0.05) and ≥ 50 nmol/L (P &lt; .001) than in the entire cohort.

Conclusion
We show that the lower limit of the normal serum calcium range is higher in groups with a higher 25OHD than in unselected subjects. We propose that the reference range for serum calcium in neonates is 2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L.
Cardiovascular Safety of Romosozumab vs PTH Analogues for Osteoporosis Treatment: A Propensity-Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Stokar Joshua , Szalat Auryan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Romosozumab, a monoclonal sclerostin antibody, is a recently approved highly potent antiosteoporotic agent with osteoanabolic properties. Clinical use of romosozumab is hindered by the fear of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events raised following the pivotal ARCH trial.

Objective
This work aimed to assess real-world CV safety of romosozumab vs alternative osteoanabolic therapies used for treatment of severe osteoporosis.

Methods
Data were obtained from TriNetX, a global federated health research network including real-time electronic medical records from 113 health care organizations with 136 460 930 patients across 16 countries at time of analysis. Inclusion criteria were age 40 years or older, a diagnosis of osteoporosis and prescription of romosozumab or a parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogue (teriparatide/abaloparatide) during August 2019 through August 2022. Propensity-score-matched cohorts were created 1:1 using demographic variables, comorbidities, and medications. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the probability of the outcomes. Outcome measures included incident 3-point major adverse CV event or death (3P-MACE) during 1-year of follow-up after the initial prescription.

Results
A total of 5626 and 15 986 patients met the criteria for romosozumab and PTH analogue cohorts, respectively, with 5610 patients per group following propensity score matching. 3P-MACE was significantly less frequent in the romosozumab vs PTH analogue cohort (158 vs 211 patients with an outcome; P = .003) with reductions in the individual components of the composite outcome: myocardial ischemic events (31 vs 58; P = .003); cerebrovascular events 56 vs 79; P = .037; deaths (83 vs 104; P = .099).

Conclusion
In a diverse, real-world setting, prescription of romosozumab for osteoporosis is associated with fewer adverse CV events when compared to PTH analogue therapy.
What Science Can't Know: On Scientific Objectivity and the Human Subject
Authors: Kjeldgaard-Christiansen Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The humanities are centrally concerned with such human subjectivity—such thinking, feeling, and wondering—as goes into the appreciation of a painting or the absorbed and responsive reading of a novel. It is often argued that the intrinsic subjectivity of these experiences renders them inaccessible to objective science, which seeks to avoid subjectivity. However, this fallacious argument confuses an ontological and an epistemic sense of the distinction between subjectivity and objectivity. The subjectivity of “thinking, feeling, and wondering” describes the mode of existence of these mental states, whereas the objectivity of science describes a mode of investigation, and it is in fact very possible to investigate human mental life by means of objective methods. This article expounds the fallacy and examines its appearances in recent scholarly writings against the use of objective methods in the humanities. The fallacy, as is argued, promotes a widespread misconception that the use of objective methods in the humanities would entail a discounting, or “reduction,” of human subjectivity. By countering this misconception, this article aims to encourage humanists who are drawn to empirical methods.
Do Poems about Guns Make Guns Poetic?
Authors: Savage Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Poems by Dean Rader, Montana Ray, Danez Smith, Brian Turner, and Elizabeth Willis register a perplexing trend in American poetry: the use of gun and bullet tropes in poems indirectly or not at all about guns. Many of the poets employing these tropes publicly oppose gun violence and promote poetry as a refuge from it, yet their poetry, paradoxically, affirms guns’ literary power. The five poets selected for this study represent different styles emitting from diverse histories, ages, and literary backgrounds. Their poems likewise branch across a range of contexts and levels of abstraction. Studied together, their poetry exposes the centrality of guns not only to US America's collective self-image as a social body and national power but also to the American literary imagination. In light of this apparent contradiction, this essay considers what the pervasiveness of gun and bullet tropes suggests about the efficacy of poetry as enemy, accomplice, or rival of guns.
Assessing Narrative Space: From Setting to Narrative Environments
Authors: Puxan-Oliva Marta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay addresses the insufficient attention paid in narrative theory to the reformulated concept of space resulting from the spatial turn in the analysis of narrative space. To address this lack of attention, the essay proposes the concept of “narrative environments” as a new lens for conceiving of narrative space that distinguishes it from setting. Narrative environments are the formal narrative expression of space: the combined social contextualization and historicization and environmental imaginings that have historically produced that space and are called forth in the narrative to build narrative space and its interactions with other narrative components. These are distinguished from “setting” in that the latter has been interpreted as textually self-sufficient, not relying on social and cultural knowledge. The article reviews recent debates on narrative space and their branching into the fields of critical geography and ecocriticism in order to bring the reenvisioned concept of space resulting from the spatial turn into the discussion. The functioning of this new perspective on space is illustrated through the analysis of island and ocean space and its narrative effects in J. M. Coetzee's Foe.
Adhesion and shrinkage transform the rounded pupal horn into an angular adult horn in Japanese rhinoceros beetle
Authors: Matsuda Keisuke , Adachi Haruhiko , Gotoh Hiroki , Inoue Yasuhiro , Kondo Shigeru 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Clarifying the mechanisms underlying shape alterations during insect metamorphosis is important for understanding exoskeletal morphogenesis. The large horn of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is the result of drastic metamorphosis, wherein it appears as a rounded shape during pupation and then undergoes remodeling into an angular adult shape. However, the mechanical mechanisms underlying this remodeling process remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the remodeling mechanisms of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle horn by developing a physical simulation. We identified three factors contributing to remodeling by biological experiments – ventral adhesion, uneven shrinkage, and volume reduction – which were demonstrated to be crucial for transformation using a physical simulation. Furthermore, we corroborated our findings by applying the simulation to the mandibular remodeling of stag beetles. These results indicated that physical simulation applies to pupal remodeling in other beetles, and the morphogenic mechanism could explain various exoskeletal shapes.
The art of observation: bridging science and art to see the unexpected
Authors: Gonzalez Lauren E. , Wei Haoyang , Greco Valentina , Friedlaender Linda K. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Observation is the heart of research, but it can be challenging to observe deeply and go beyond expected observations. Here, we describe activities designed for scientists to enhance their observational skills by engaging with art. In collaboration with an art gallery at our university, our lab practiced observing representational paintings in a systematic way, separating the act of observation from interpretation. Applying this skill to our microscopy images allowed us to access information in the data that may otherwise have been overlooked. In addition, these activities highlighted the power of collecting observations from multiple observers before generating interpretations, as well as the value of discussing the creative and emotional aspects of data collection and interpretation. We provide concrete examples of how we will incorporate these skills into our research processes, as well as details that other groups can use to engage in similar art-based training activities to enhance their own observational skills.
Widespread nuclear lamina injuries defeat proteostatic purposes of α-synuclein amyloid inclusions
Authors: Mansuri Shemin , Jain Aanchal , Singh Richa , Rawat Shivali , Mondal Debodyuti , Raychaudhuri Swasti 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Biogenesis of inclusion bodies (IBs) facilitates protein quality control (PQC). Canonical aggresomes execute degradation of misfolded proteins while non-degradable amyloids sequester into insoluble protein deposits. Lewy bodies (LBs) are filamentous amyloid inclusions of α-synuclein, but PQC benefits and drawbacks associated with LB-like IBs remain underexplored. Here, we report that crosstalk between filamentous LB-like IBs and aggresome-like IBs of α-synuclein (Syn-aggresomes) buffer the load, aggregation state, and turnover of the amyloidogenic protein in mouse primary neurons and HEK293T cells. Filamentous LB-like IBs possess unorthodox PQC capacities of self-quarantining α-synuclein amyloids and being degradable upon receding fresh amyloidogenesis. Syn-aggresomes equilibrate biogenesis of filamentous LB-like IBs by facilitating spontaneous degradation of α-synuclein and conditional turnover of disintegrated α-synuclein amyloids. Thus, both types of IB primarily contribute to PQC. Incidentally, the overgrown perinuclear LB-like IBs become degenerative once these are misidentified by BICD2, a cargo-adapter for the cytosolic motor-protein dynein. Microscopy indicates that microtubules surrounding the perinuclear filamentous inclusions are also distorted, misbalancing the cytoskeleton-nucleoskeleton tension leading to widespread lamina injuries. Together, nucleocytoplasmic mixing, DNA damage, and deregulated transcription of stress chaperones defeat the proteostatic purposes of the filamentous amyloids of α-synuclein.
Convergence Rates of Zeroth Order Gradient Descent for Łojasiewicz Functions
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Feng Yasong 
Published: March 2024

We prove convergence rates of Zeroth-order Gradient Descent (ZGD) algorithms for Łojasiewicz functions. Our results show that for smooth Łojasiewicz functions with Łojasiewicz exponent larger than 0.5 and smaller than 1, the functions values can converge much faster than the (zeroth-order) gradient descent trajectory. Similar results hold for convex nonsmooth Łojasiewicz functions. History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Continuous. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0247 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0247 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Pricing Indefinitely Lived Assets: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Duffy John , Jiang Janet Hua , Xie Huan 
Published: March 2024

We study indefinitely lived assets in experimental markets and find that the traded prices of these assets are on average about 40% of the risk-neutral fundamental value. Neither uncertainty about the value of total dividend payments nor horizon uncertainty about the duration of trade can account for this low traded price. An Epstein-Zin recursive preference specification that models the dynamic realization of dividend payments, combined with either probability weighting or subjects’ heterogeneous risk attitudes, can rationalize the low traded prices observed in our indefinitely lived asset market. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by Concordia University and the Bank of Canada. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03059 .
Content Promotion for Online Content Platforms with the Diffusion Effect
Authors: Lin Yunduan , Wang Mengxin , Zhang Heng , Zhang Renyu , Shen Zuo-Jun Max 
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: Content promotion policies are crucial for online content platforms to improve content consumption and user engagement. However, traditional promotion policies generally neglect the diffusion effect within a crowd of users. In this paper, we study the candidate generation and promotion optimization (CGPO) problem for an online content platform, emphasizing the incorporation of the diffusion effect. Methodology/results: We propose a diffusion model that incorporates platform promotion decisions to characterize the adoption process of online content. Based on this diffusion model, we formulate the CGPO problem as a mixed-integer program with nonconvex and nonlinear constraints, which is proved to be NP-hard. Additionally, we investigate methods for estimating the diffusion model parameters using available online platform data and introduce novel double ordinary least squares (D-OLS) estimators. We prove the submodularity of the objective function for the CGPO problem, which enables us to find an efficient [Formula: see text]-approximation greedy solution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the D-OLS estimators are consistent and have smaller asymptotic variances than traditional ordinary least squares estimators. By utilizing real data from a large-scale video-sharing platform, we show that our diffusion model effectively characterizes the adoption process of online content. Compared with the policy implemented on the platform, our proposed promotion policy increases total adoptions by 49.90%. Managerial implications: Our research highlights the essential role of diffusion in online content and provides actionable insights for online content platforms to optimize their content promotion policies by leveraging our diffusion model. Funding: R. Zhang is grateful for the financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Grants 14502722 and 14504123] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72293560/72293565]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0172 .
Branch-and-Price for Prescriptive Contagion Analytics
Authors: Jacquillat Alexandre , Li Michael Lingzhi , Ramé Martin , Wang Kai 
Published: March 2024

A new optimization methodology helps allocate vaccines to combat a pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the extraordinary speed of vaccine developments quickly gave rise to a critical operational problem: How to distribute a scarce stockpile of vaccines across communities? In “Branch-and-Price for Prescriptive Contagion Analytics,” A. Jacquillat, M. Li, M. Rame, and K. Wang address this question by presenting a methodology to allocate shared resources across subpopulations governed by contagion dynamics. This problem combines the difficulties of mixed-integer nonconvex optimization and those of optimization with constraints governed by ordinary differential equations. By combining novel column generation, approximate dynamic programming, and branch-and-bound elements, the authors’ methodology can solve large and otherwise-intractable instances, outperforming state-of-the-art benchmarks. From a practical standpoint, their approach can significantly enhance the effectiveness of a vaccination campaign. Ultimately, the results from the paper outline vaccine allocation—beyond vaccine development and vaccine manufacturing—as a critical lever to mitigate the impact of a pandemic on public health.
Nursing care in patients with dependency-related skin injuries in the community: a scoping review
Authors: Maella-Rius Natalia , Torra-Bou Joan-Enric , Martínez-Rodríguez Laura 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Dependency-related skin injuries (DRSI) occur in people who need a high level of support to carry out day-to-day activities. Owing to the ageing population, the number of people at risk of DRSI is increasing. Most wound care is performed by nurses in the community. This scoping review aimed to identify the extent of literature on nursing care for patients with or at risk of developing DRSI living in their own home. Materials and methods: A scoping review was conducted. Results: A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and four main themes emerged: features of the community setting; wound types, causes and management; prevention strategies around aetiology and holistic care; care management and local wound care. Conclusion: Although most wounds occur in and are treated in the community, there is a paucity of research on wounds in this setting. The care of patients with DRSI in the community is complex and prevention according to the individual aetiology of each lesion is the key factor in wound care.