bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, characterization and antioxidant activities of pectin and gelatin based edible film loaded with Citrus reticulata L. essential oil
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Ullah Sana , Shah Yasir Abbas , Al‐Azri Mohammed Said , Jawad Muhammad , Anwer Md Khalid , Aldawsari Mohammed F. , Al‐Jassasi Mohammed Sulaiyam , Koca Esra , Aydemir Levent Yurdaer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the present work, pectin and gelatin‐based edible films (EFs) loaded with Citrus reticulata L. (tangerine) essential oil were fabricated and evaluated for their potential application in food packaging. GC–MS analysis and physiochemical, mechanical, and antioxidant analysis of the synthesized edible films and oil extract were carried out. GC–MS analysis of the tangerine essential oil revealed the presence of around 40 different chemical constituents, and among them, limonene (43.85%), linalyl acetate (19.16%), linalool (18.38%), and beta‐Myrcene (3.41%) were found as the major constituent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the interaction between the functional groups of the film components. Mechanical parameter assessment showed that the tensile strength of the edible film increases and elongation at break values decreases with oil addition. The thickness of the EFs increased with oil addition, while water solubility, water vapor permeability, and transparency decreased. In antioxidant potential assessment assays, maximum activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+ reducing potential) was reported for edible film samples containing a maximum amount (60 μL) of tangerine oil. We found that pectin and gelatin‐based edible films loaded with tangerine essential oil exhibit better characteristics and could be used as a food packaging material.Practical ApplicationsThis study presents a potentially effective method for producing edible films using pectin and gelatin composite, that have been incorporated with tangerine essential oil. These films demonstrate superior properties and may serve as an effective choice for food packaging material.
Fluorescence microscopic investigation of PCE superplasticiser adsorption in calcined clay blended cement
Authors: Kosenko D. , Wetzel A. , Middendorf B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal efforts to minimise carbon dioxide emissions are also leading to attempts to use calcined clays (CC) as a partial substitute for cement in concrete. While the hydration mechanism of such CC blended cements is now well understood, the range of effective admixtures like polycarboxylate ethers (PCE) is limited. There are PCE types that promise relatively high effectiveness, but the mechanisms of action are not yet sufficiently understood. For a detailed understanding of the adsorption of such PCEs, spatially resolved studies of the binder were performed using a combination of fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. In a comparison of two superplasticisers, the investigations have shown different sites of preferred adsorption in a CC blended system and the results can be correlated with flow tests and setting behaviour. The investigations have shown that a certain PCE type has a higher adsorption on CC and other components of a blended system in comparison to other types.
The Term Structure of Covered Interest Rate Parity Violations
Authors: AUGUSTIN PATRICK , CHERNOV MIKHAIL , SCHMID LUKAS , SONG DONGHO 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWe quantify the impact of risk‐based and nonrisk‐based intermediary constraints (IC) on the term structure of covered interest rate parity (CIP) violations. Using a stochastic discount factor (SDF) inferred from interest rate swaps, we value currency derivatives. The wedge between model‐implied and observed derivative prices reflects the impact of nonrisk‐based IC because our SDF incorporates risk‐based IC. There is no wedge at short horizons, while the wedge accounts for 40% of long‐term CIP violations. Consistent with IC theory, the wedge correlates with the shadow cost of intermediary capital, and the SDF‐implied interest rate is a weighted average of collateralized and uncollateralized interest rates.
Barriers and facilitators to guideline concordant dental antibiotic prescribing in the United States: A qualitative study of the National DentalPBRN
Authors: Ramanathan Swetha , Yan Connie , Suda Katie J. , Evans Charlesnika T. , Khouja Tumader , Hershow Ronald C. , Rowan Susan A. , Gross Alan E. , Sharp Lisa K. ,   National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesWhile factors contributing to dental antibiotic overprescribing have previously been described, previous work has lacked any theoretical behavior change framework that could guide future intervention development. The purpose of this study was to use an evidence‐based conceptual model to identify barriers and facilitators of appropriate antibiotic prescribing by dentists as a guide for future interventions aimed at modifying antibiotic prescribing.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with dentists from the National Dental Practice Based Research Network (PBRN) exploring patient and practice factors perceived to impact antibiotic prescribing. Audio‐recorded telephone interviews were transcribed and independently coded by three researchers. Themes were organized around the COM‐B model to inform prospective interventions.Results73 of 104 dentists (70.1%) were interviewed. Most were general dentists (86.3%), male (65.7%), and white (69.9%). Coding identified three broad targets to support appropriate dental antibiotic prescribing among dentists: (1) increasing visibility and accessibility of guidelines, (2) providing additional guidance on antibiotic prescribing in dental scenarios without clear guidelines, and (3) education and communication skills‐building focused on discussing appropriate antibiotic use with patients and physicians.ConclusionsThe findings from our study are consistent with other studies focusing on antibiotic prescribing behavior in dentists. Understanding facilitators and barriers to dental antibiotic prescribing is necessary to inform targeted interventions to improve appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Future interventions should focus on implementing multimodal strategies to provide the necessary support for dentists to judiciously prescribe antibiotics.
Emplacement of shergottites in the Martian crust inferred from three‐dimensional petrofabric and crystal size distribution analyses
Authors: Eckley S. A. , Ketcham R. A. , Liu Y. , Gross J. , McCubbin F. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShergottites are mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks that represent the majority of known Martian meteorites. They are subdivided into gabbroic, poikilitic, basaltic, and olivine–phyric categories based on differences in mineralogy and textures. Their geologic contexts are unknown, so analyses of crystal sizes and preferred orientations have commonly been used to infer where shergottites solidified. Such environments range from subsurface cumulates to shallow intrusives to extrusive lava flows, which all have contrasting implications for interactions with crustal material, cooling histories, and potential in situ exposure at the surface. In this study, we present a novel three‐dimensional (3‐D) approach to better understand the solidification environments of these samples and improve our knowledge of shergottites' geologic contexts. Shape preferred orientations of most phases and crystal size distributions of late‐forming minerals were measured in 3‐D using X‐ray computed tomography (CT) on eight shergottites representing the gabbroic, poikilitic, basaltic, and olivine–phyric categories. Our analyses show that highly anisotropic, rod‐like pyroxene crystals are strongly foliated in the gabbroic samples but have a weaker foliation and a mild lineation in the basaltic sample, indicating a directional flow component in the latter. Star volume distribution analyses revealed that most phases (maskelynite, pyroxene, olivine, and oxides/sulfides) preserve a foliated texture with variable strengths, and that the phases within individual samples are strongly to moderately aligned with respect to one another. In combination with relative cooling rates during the final stages of crystallization determined from interstitial oxide/sulfide crystal size distribution analyses, these results indicate that the olivine–phyric samples were emplaced as shallow intrusives (e.g., dikes/sills) and that the gabbroic, poikilitic, and basaltic samples were emplaced in deeper subsurface environments.
Environmental DNA unveils deep phylogeographic structure of a freshwater fish
Authors: Yatsuyanagi Tetsu , Kanbe Takashi , Fujii Kazuya , Inoue Shouko , Araki Hitoshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhylogeography bears an important part in ecology and evolution. However, current phylogeographic studies are largely constrained by limited numbers of individual samples. Using an environmental DNA (eDNA) assay for phylogeographic analyses, this study provides detailed information regarding the history of Siberian stone loach Barbatula toni, a primary freshwater fish across the whole range of Hokkaido, Japan. Based on an eDNA metabarcoding on 293 river water samples, we detected eDNA from B. toni in 189 rivers. A total of 51 samples, representing the entire island, were then selected from the B. toni eDNA‐positive sample set for the subsequent analyses. To elucidate the phylogeographic structure of B. toni, newly developed eDNA metabarcoding primers (Barba‐cytb‐F/R) were applied to these samples, specifically targeting their haplotypic variation in cytochrome b. After a bioinformatic processing to mitigate haplotypic false positives, a total of 50 eDNA haplotypes were identified. Two regionally restricted, genetically distinct lineages of the species were revealed as a result of phylogeographic analyses on the haplotypes and tissue‐derived DNA from B. toni. According to a molecular clock analysis, they have been genetically isolated for at least 1.5 million years, suggesting their ancient origin and colonisation of Hokkaido, presumably in the glacial periods. These results demonstrate how freshwater fishes can alter their distributions over evolutionary timescales and how eDNA assay can deepen our understanding of phylogeography.
A response‐compatible ground motion generation method using physics‐guided neural networks
Authors: Miao Youshui , Kang Hao , Hou Wei , Liu Yang , Zhang Yixin , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelecting or generating ground motions (GMs) that elicit seismic responses matching specific standards or expected benchmarks for nonlinear time‐history analysis (NLTHA) is crucial for ensuring the rationality of structural seismic design and analysis. Typical GM inputs for NLTHA, either natural or artificial, are normally spectrum‐compatible, which may produce significant variations in analysis results, even using multiple GMs. This paper introduces a response‐compatible ground motion generation (RCGMG) method for generating GMs that are tailored to be response‐compatible. NLTHA results using only a few of these artificial GMs can closely approximate the mean responses from a large set of natural spectrum‐compatible GMs or target responses. The RCGMG method adopts the response diagram in the time domain (RDTD) to characterize the nonstationary features of GMs and their impacts on structural dynamic responses. A physics‐guided conditional generative adversarial network is developed to produce artificial RDTDs with features and impacts of RDTDs of natural GMs. These generated RDTDs are then mapped into response‐compatible GMs through a feedforward neural network. To verify the effectiveness of RCGMG, NLTHA of different structure models under various site conditions and target spectra is conducted. Seismic responses of NLTHA using RCGMG‐generated GMs are compared with responses from spectrum‐compatible natural GMs. The results demonstrate that responses from RCGMG GMs are closer to the target responses, with fewer GM inputs and robust generalization performance.
Multi‐UniFocality (MUF), in contrast to multifocality, in thyroid lesions: Relation to lymphocytic thyroiditis
Authors: Aydemirli Mehtap Derya , Morreau Hans 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhereas multifocality typically concerns papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) without specification of intrathyroidal metastatic or independent nature of tumor foci, the designation of the latter as Multi‐UniFocal (MUF) may be relevant for select cases. A case series involving multifocal thyroid lesions with divergent histopathological morphology and/or molecular profile, with molecular evaluation of multiple individual tumor foci per patient based on a next‐generation sequencing approach, was retrospectively reviewed. Twenty‐five patient cases with multifocal thyroid lesions suggestive of MUF, with 2–6 (median 3) tumor foci per patient, were described. Tumor lesions comprised diverse histopathology, including PTC, (E)FVPTC, NIFTP, FA, FTC, and oncocytic. Morphologically similar and/or diverse tumor foci harbored different molecular alterations (suggestive of non‐shared clonality); with(out) coexistent similar foci harboring identical molecular alterations; or (partly) shared molecular alterations. MUF was associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in almost half of the cases. The recognition of MUF may justify the independent clinical consideration per individual tumor focus; as separate lesions albeit within a multifocal context. The potential clinical relevance and prognostic value of MUF remain to be further established.
Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand position statement: The safe clinical use of sputum induction for bio‐sampling of the lower airways in children and adults
Authors: Schultz André , Balaguruswamy Sathya , Dentice Ruth , Dobler Claudia C. , Geake James , Gibson Peter , Goulter Patricia , Jayaram Lata , Laird Pamela J. , Middleton Peter G. , Seale Helen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSputum induction is widely used in clinical settings for collection of biological samples from the lower airways. However, in recent years sputum induction has been associated with serious adverse events and even death. This position statement was commissioned by the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand to address major adverse events of two deaths associated with sputum induction that have occurred in Australia in 2021, and outlines best practice for the safe use of sputum induction. The statement resulted from systematic literature searches by a multi‐disciplinary group including respiratory physicians, nurses and physiotherapists (paediatric and adults focused). Consumers had input to an advanced draft of the position statement. The position statement covers indications for sputum induction, informed consent, scope of practice of personnel administering the procedure, infection control considerations, details about the sputum induction procedure, safety considerations and risk assessment in clinical settings.image
Influence of Breath-Mimicking Ventilated Incubation on Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Respiratory Tissue Scaffolds
Authors: Zimmerling Amanda , Boire Jim , Zhou Yan , Chen Xiongbiao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Development of respiratory tissue constructs is challenging due to the complex structure of native respiratory tissue and the unique biomechanical conditions induced by breathing. While studies have shown that the inclusion of biomechanical stimulus mimicking physiological conditions greatly benefits the development of engineered tissues, to our knowledge no studies investigating the influence of biomechanical stimulus on the development of respiratory tissue models produced through three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have been reported. This paper presents a study on the utilization of a novel breath-mimicking ventilated incubator to impart biomechanical stimulus during the culture of 3D respiratory bioprinted constructs. Constructs were bioprinted using an alginate/collagen hydrogel containing human primary pulmonary fibroblasts with further seeding of human primary bronchial epithelial cells. Biomechanical stimulus was then applied via a novel ventilated incubator capable of mimicking the pressure and airflow conditions of multiple breathing conditions: standard incubation, shallow breathing, normal breathing, and heavy breathing, over a two-week time period. At time points between 1 and 14 days, constructs were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, cell proliferation, and morphology. The results illustrated that incubation conditions mimicking normal and heavy breathing led to greater and more continuous cell proliferation and further indicated a more physiologically relevant respiratory tissue model.
A Novel Physics-Based Model for Predicting Melt Pool Dimensions in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Parsazadeh Mohammad , Ebrahimi Hadiseh , Shahzamanian Sichani Mohammadmehdi , Dahotre Narendra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper employed a scaling analysis to represent the processing parameters, affecting the melting process in the dimensionless numbers, identify the relationships of these dimensionless numbers, and develop semi-empirical correlations to predict the width and depth of the melt pool. To develop the correlations, Ti-6Al-4V powder was used to print 38 tracks at various processing conditions. The correlations were then fit into this experimental data using python code to find the constants of the correlations. The correlations were then used to predict the depth and width of the melt pools. It was found that the mean discrepancy between the predicted melt pool dimensions and the experiment is 7%. To evaluate the accuracy of the correlation in predicting the melt pool dimensions of the materials never used during the development of the correlations, the melt pool depth of some tracks made out of stainless steel 316L printed at various conditions was predicted using the model, and it was found that the mean discrepancy between the predicted melt pool depth and experiment is 11%.
Series Clutched Actuation for Collision-Tolerant High-Speed Robots
Authors: Ostyn Frederik , Vanderborght Bram , Crevecoeur Guillaume 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Collisions at high-speed can severely damage robots with non-backdrivable drivetrains. Adding an overload clutch in series can improve the robot’s collision tolerance without compromising its high dynamic performance. This paper aims at determining the speed above which overload clutches are required in a two-link manipulator arm. Furthermore, the optimal clutch topology as function of the impact velocity is investigated. Third, it is evaluated if adding clutches can lower the impact force on the arm. Finally, the maximum speed is identified below which impact-aware robot control is possible. The latter requires that none of the clutches decouple during an intentional collision with the environment. These answers are obtained through collision simulations and experiments with a custom build two-link arm. It was found that adding a clutch reduces the torque experienced by the drivetrain by an order of magnitude and below the limit momentary peak torque of the strain wave gears that are used. Adding a clutch to the elbow joint of the two-link arm was effective in protecting the shoulder as well if the impact occurred at the tool center point. With respect to a rigid elbow joint, the clutched elbow joint reduced the collision force at the tool by only 8%. To demonstrate that the arm is impact-aware, a box of 8 kg is approached, impacted, and pushed at 1 m/s without decoupling a clutch, nor damaging the robot’s hardware.
A novel phage putative depolymerase, Depo16, has specific activity against K1 capsular-type
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhao Rihong , Jiang Shanshan , Ren Siyu , Yang Li , Han Wenyu , Guo Zhimin , Gu Jingmin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
, especially hypervirulent
K. pneumoniae
(hvKP), is a common opportunistic pathogen that often causes hospital- and community-acquired infections. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor of
K. pneumoniae
. Some phages encode depolymerases that can recognize and degrade bacterial polysaccharides. In this study, the lytic bacteriophage vB_KpnP_ZK1 (abbreviated as ZK1) was isolated using serotype K1 hvKP as the host. Although amino acid sequence BLAST analysis indicated that the tail fiber protein Depo16 of phage ZK1 showed no significant similarity to any reported phage depolymerases, it displayed enzymatic activities that are characteristic of phage depolymerases. After expression and purification, Depo16 could efficiently remove the capsular polysaccharide layer that surrounds the surface of serotype K1
K. pneumoniae
. Although no bactericidal activity was detected, Depo16 makes serotype K1
K. pneumoniae
sensitive to peritoneal macrophages (PMs). In addition, in a mouse bacteremia model of serotype K1
K. pneumoniae
, 25 µg of Depo16 was effective in significantly prolonging survival. Depo16 treatment can reduce the bacterial load in blood and major tissues and alleviate tissue damage in mice. This indicates that the putative depolymerase Depo16 is a potential antibacterial agent against serotype K1
K. pneumoniae
infections.

IMPORTANCE

Klebsiella pneumoniae
often causes hospital-acquired infections and community-acquired infections. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is one of the crucial virulence factors of
K. pneumoniae
. K1 and K2 capsular-type
K. pneumoniae
strains are the most prevalent serotypes of hypervirulent
K. pneumoniae
(hvKP). In this study, a novel
K. pneumoniae
phage named vB_KpnP_ZK1 was isolated, and its putative depolymerase Depo16 showed low homology with other reported phage depolymerases. Depo16 can specifically degrade the
K. pneumoniae
K1 capsule making this serotype sensitive to peritoneal macrophages. More importantly, Depo16 showed a significant therapeutic effect in a mouse bacteremia model caused by serotype K1
K. pneumoniae
. Thus, Depo16 is a potential antibacterial agent to combat serotype K1
K. pneumoniae
infections.
IL-22-dependent responses and their role during
Citrobacter rodentium
infection
Authors: Melchior Karine , Gerner Romana R. , Hossain Suzana , Nuccio Sean-Paul , Moreira Cristiano Gallina , Raffatellu Manuela 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The mouse pathogen
Citrobacter rodentium
is utilized as a model organism for studying infections caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
(EHEC) and to elucidate mechanisms of mucosal immunity. In response to
C. rodentium
infection, innate lymphoid cells and T cells secrete interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine that promotes mucosal barrier function. IL-22 plays a pivotal role in enabling mice to survive and recover from
C. rodentium
infection, although the exact mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether particular components of the host response downstream of IL-22 contribute to the cytokine’s protective effects during
C. rodentium
infection. In line with previous research, mice lacking the IL-22 gene (
Il22
−/−
mice) were highly susceptible to
C. rodentium
infection. To elucidate the role of specific antimicrobial proteins modulated by IL-22, we infected the following knockout mice:
S100A9
−/−
(calprotectin),
Lcn2
−/−
(lipocalin-2),
Reg3b
−/−
(Reg3β),
Reg3g
−/−
(Reg3γ), and
C3
−/−
(C3). All knockout mice tested displayed a considerable level of resistance to
C. rodentium
infection, and none phenocopied the lethality observed in
Il22
−/−
mice. By investigating another arm of the IL-22 response, we observed that
C. rodentium
-infected

Il22
−/

−
mice exhibited an overall decrease in gene expression related to intestinal barrier integrity as well as significantly elevated colonic inflammation, gut permeability, and pathogen levels in the spleen. Taken together, these results indicate that host resistance to lethal
C. rodentium
infection may depend on multiple antimicrobial responses acting in concert, or that other IL-22-regulated processes, such as tissue repair and maintenance of epithelial integrity, play crucial roles in host defense to attaching and effacing pathogens.