bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lake Trout Population Dynamics at Drummond Island Refuge in Lake Huron: Implications for Future Rehabilitation
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , Ebener Mark P. , Desorcie Timothy J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The Drummond Island Refuge (DIR) was established in 1985 as part of the rehabilitation effort for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron. Since then, several strains of hatchery-reared lake trout have been stocked annually at the DIR. An intensive lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River during 1998–2001 was expected to lower the abundance of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus within the DIR by 2000. We conducted annual gill-net surveys during spring and fall to evaluate the performance of each of the strains of lake trout as well as that of the entire lake trout population (all strains pooled) in the DIR during 1991–2005. The criteria to evaluate performance included the proportion of “wild” fish within the population, spawner density, adult survival, growth, maturity, and wounding rate by sea lampreys. Wild lake trout did not recruit to the adult population to any detectable degree. During 1991–2005, the average density of spawning lake trout appeared to be marginally sufficient to initiate a self-sustaining population. Survival of the Seneca Lake (SEN) strain of lake trout was significantly higher than that of the Superior–Marquette (SUP) strain, in part because of the higher sea-lamprey-induced mortality suffered by the SUP strain. However, other factors were also involved. Apparently SUP fish were more vulnerable to fishing conducted in waters near the refuge boundaries than SEN fish. The St. Marys River treatment appeared to be effective in reducing the sea lamprey wounding rate on SEN fish. We recommend that the stocking of SEN lake trout in the DIR, control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River, and reduction of commercial fishery effort in waters near the DIR be maintained.
Screening of ionic liquids to capture CO2 by COSMO‐RS and experiments
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun , Liu Zhiping , Wang Wenchuan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA screening method is proposed for the molecular design of ionic liquids (ILs) to capture carbon dioxide (CO2), which can reduce efficiently the necessary experimental efforts. The COSMO‐RS method is implemented to predict the Henry's law constants of CO2 in 408 ILs with various combinations of cations and anions. It is found by the screening that the ILs with the anion tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FEP]) show improved capability to capture CO2, compared with other ILs reported in literature. Then, three [FEP]‐based ILs are chosen to perform the solubility measurements by the intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA 003, Hiden Analytical), with cations of 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([hmim]), 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium ([bmpyrr]), and S‐ethyl‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylthiouronium ([ETT]) at 283.2, 298.2, and 323.2 K, up to the pressure of 1.8 MPa. The experimental data show that the solubility of CO2 in [hmim][FEP] is about 15% higher than that in 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]), which is in fair agreement with the screening results, indicating the method proposed in this work is reliable. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Immunohistochemical expression and clinical significance of P‐glycoprotein in previously untreated extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Wang Biyun , Li Xiao‐Qiu , Ma Xuejun , Hong Xiaonan , Lu Hongfen , Guo Ye 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOverexpression of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) has been identified by a variety of methods in NK cells and NK malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of P‐gp in previously untreated extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type. Tumor specimens from 30 patients initially treated with CHOP or CHOP‐based chemotherapy were examined by immunohistochemistry using JSB‐1, a monoclonal antibody recognizing the intracellular epitope of P‐gp molecule. Twenty cases (67%) were positive for P‐gp expression. The complete response rate achieved in P‐gp positive patients was significantly lower than in P‐gp negative ones (20% vs. 60%, P = 0.045). With a median follow‐up of 25 months, the 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 66 and 69%, respectively. Compared with both PFS and OS rates of P‐gp positive patients, those of P‐gp negative patients showed a trend of benefit that did not reach statistical significance for borderline P values (PFS: 90% vs. 54%, P = 0.1057; OS: 90% vs. 61%, P = 0.2028). Our results suggest that P‐gp expression is related with poor treatment outcomes of extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and nutrition disorders in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kuperminc Michelle N. , Stevenson Richard D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGrowth and nutrition disorders are common secondary health conditions in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Poor growth and malnutrition in CP merit study because of their impact on health, including psychological and physiological function, healthcare utilization, societal participation, motor function, and survival. Understanding the etiology of poor growth has led to a variety of interventions to improve growth. One of the major causes of poor growth, malnutrition, is the best‐studied contributor to poor growth; scientific evidence regarding malnutrition has contributed to improvements in clinical management and, in turn, survival over the last 20 years. Increased recognition and understanding of neurological, endocrinological, and environmental factors have begun to shape care for children with CP, as well. The investigation of these factors relies on advances made in the assessment methods available to address the challenges inherent in measuring growth in children with CP. Descriptive growth charts and norms of body composition provide information that may help clinicians to interpret growth and intervene to improve growth and nutrition in children with CP. Linking growth to measures of health will be necessary to develop growth standards for children with CP in order to optimize health and well‐being. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:137–146.
Levitation and propulsion for a magnetically levitated conveyance system using a two‐phase linear motor
Authors: Ohashi Shunsuke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMagnetically levitated conveyance systems have been developed. Most consist of a levitation (and guidance) section and a thrust section. We have developed a conveyance system that realizes levitation and propulsion with a single facility using a two‐phase linear motor. In this system, the levitation and propulsion system are combined. The control method for the propulsion system to achieve more stability is discussed. To obtain the propulsion force, modulation of the voltage applied on the primary windings is undertaken. A traveling field is generated and applied to a carrier with a secondary iron core. The levitation force is produced by attraction between the flux generated by the primary windings and the secondary iron core. Because we need only electrical power for FET switching on the carrier side, no power supply system for the carrier is needed. Experimental results indicate that this system realizes contact‐less conveyance with various propulsion patterns. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 65–72, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20551
Regional homogeneity changes in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wu Tao , Long Xiangyu , Zang Yufeng , Wang Liang , Hallett Mark , Li Kuncheng , Chan Piu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractResting state brain activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) can give clues to the pathophysiology of the disorder, and might be helpful in diagnosis, but it has never been explored using functional MRI (fMRI). In the current study, we used a regional homogeneity (ReHo) method to investigate PD‐related modulations of neural activity in the resting state. FMRIs were acquired in 22 patients with PD at both before and after levodopa administration, as well as in 22 age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls. In the PD group compared with the healthy controls, we found ReHo decreased in extensive brain regions, including the putamen, thalamus, and supplementary motor area; and increased in some other areas, including the cerebellum, primary sensorimotor cortex, and premotor area. The ReHo off medication was negatively correlated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in the putamen and some other regions, and was positively correlated with the UPDRS in the cerebellum. Administration of levodopa relatively normalized ReHo. Our findings demonstrate that neural activity in the resting state is changed in patients with PD. This change is secondary to dopamine deficiency, and related to the severity of the disease. The different neuronal activity at the baseline state should be considered in explaining fMRI findings obtained during tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of myofibroblasts in innate chemoresistance of pancreatic carcinoma—Epigenetic downregulation of caspases
Authors: Müerköster Susanne Sebens , Werbing Veronika , Koch Dorothee , Sipos Bence , Ammerpohl Ole , Kalthoff Holger , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Fölsch Ulrich R. , Schäfer Heiner 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe recently reported on continuous tumor–stroma interactions essentially contributing to chemoresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) cells. As demonstrated here, long‐term coculture with pancreatic myofibroblasts representing the main stromal compartment of PDAC resulted in a chemoresistant phenotype in the pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line H6c7 as well as in the chemosensitive PDAC cell line T3M4. This involved a reduced expression of caspases and the caspase inducing transcription factor STAT1, both caused by diminished gene transcription. The DNA‐methylation inhibitor 5‐azadeoxycytidine enhanced caspase and STAT1 expression in cocultured H6c7 and T3M4 cells along with an increased chemosensitivity, indicating a role for CpG DNA‐hypermethylation in the downregulation of these crucial apoptosis mediators. Cocultured H6c7 and T3M4 cells exhibited elevated nuclear levels of DNA‐methyltransferase‐1 (DNMT1). Silencing of DNMT1 expression by siRNA increased expression of caspases and STAT1 and restored chemosensitivity. In SCID mice, tumors arising from coinoculated T3M4 cells and myofibroblasts (co‐tumors) responded less towards chemotherapy than mono‐tumors, exhibiting decreased apoptosis, no remission and reduced expression of caspases and STAT1. These data underscore the role of myofibroblasts in chemoresistance of PDAC and point to the importance of caspases as central target structures of epigenetic regulation in this scenario. Furthermore, an activated microenvironment might apparently promote the manifestation of chemoresistance already in premalignant precursor cells at early stages of PDAC tumorigenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Support vector regression to predict asphalt mix performance
Authors: Maalouf Maher , Khoury Naji , Trafalis Theodore B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMaterial properties are essential in the design and evaluation of pavements. In this paper, the potential of support vector regression (SVR) algorithm is explored to predict the resilient modulus (MR), which is an essential property in designing and evaluating pavement materials, particularly hot mix asphalt typically used in Oklahoma. SVR is a statistical learning algorithm that is applied to regression problems; in our study, SVR was shown to be superior to the least squares (LS). Compared with the widely used LS method, the results of this study show that SVR significantly reduces the mean‐squared error and improves the correlation coefficient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical properties of granular materials: A variational approach to grain‐scale simulations
Authors: Holtzman R. , Silin D. B. , Patzek T. W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe mechanical properties of cohesionless granular materials are evaluated from grain‐scale simulations. A three‐dimensional pack of spherical grains is loaded by incremental displacements of its boundaries. The deformation is described as a sequence of equilibrium configurations. Each configuration is characterized by a minimum of the total potential energy. This minimum is computed using a modification of the conjugate gradient algorithm.Our simulations capture the nonlinear, path‐dependent behavior of granular materials observed in experiments. Micromechanical analysis provides valuable insight into phenomena such as hysteresis, strain hardening and stress‐induced anisotropy. Estimates of the effective bulk modulus, obtained with no adjustment of material parameters, are in agreement with published experimental data. The model is applied to evaluate the effects of hydrate dissociation in marine sediments. Weakening of the sediment is quantified as a reduction in the effective elastic moduli. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accelerated FFT algorithm for thermoelastic and non‐linear composites
Authors: Vinogradov V. , Milton G. W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA fast numerical algorithm to compute the local and overall responses of non‐linear composite materials is developed. This alternative formulation allows us to improve the convergence of the existing method of Moulinec and Suquet (e.g. Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 157(1–2):69–94). In the present method, a non‐linear elastic (or conducting) material is replaced by infinitely many locally linear thermoelastic materials with moduli that depend on the values of the local fields. This makes it possible to use the advantages of an algorithm developed by Eyre and Milton (Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 1999; 6(1):41–47), which has faster convergence. The method is applied to compute the local fields as well as the effective response of non‐linear conducting and elastic periodic composites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The extended finite element method for fracture in composite materials
Authors: Huynh D. B. P. , Belytschko T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMethods for treating fracture in composite material by the extended finite element method with meshes that are independent of matrix/fiber interfaces and crack morphology are described. All discontinuities and near‐tip enrichments are modeled using the framework of local partition of unity. Level sets are used to describe the geometry of the interfaces and cracks so that no explicit representation of either the cracks or the material interfaces are needed. Both full 12 function enrichments and approximate enrichments for bimaterial crack tips are employed. A technique to correct the approximation in blending elements is used to improve the accuracy. Several numerical results for both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional examples illustrate the versatility of the technique. The results clearly demonstrate that interface enrichment is sufficient to model the correct mechanics of an interface crack. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and vitamin D deficiency in a population from 19th century Birmingham, England
Authors: Mays S. , Brickley M. , Ives R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe West Midlands of England were the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. The 19th century AD skeletal remains from St Martin's Church, Birmingham, West Midlands, provided an important opportunity to assess the health of an urban, working‐class population at this key point in British history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rickets on growth in this population. Modern clinical data suggest that those with vitamin D deficiency may be retarded in growth, but this has, to our knowledge, yet to be demonstrated in an archaeological population. We investigate the hypothesis that in Birmingham, subadults with rickets showed deficient growth compared with those lacking bony signs of the disease. Age at death was estimated using dental calcification; long‐bone lengths were used as measures of endochondral bone growth. Results showed that for subadults aged 2–6 years, bones in those with signs of rickets tended to be short for their ages, and the deficit in bone length was more marked toward the upper end of the 2–6 year age group. Analysis of the data indicated that deficiency in bone length in rickets primarily reflects deficiency of endochondral bone growth, but for the femur, bending deformity was probably an additional factor reducing the overall length in rickets compared with those without the disease. It was previously suggested (Mays et al., 2006) that in this population rickets may have been a recurrent disease, probably on a seasonal (winter) basis. If this is accepted, a reason why older children with rickets show a greater deficit in long‐bone growth than younger ones is that they are more likely to have had multiple episodic vitamin D deficiency than younger children who have experienced fewer vitamin D deficient winter seasons. Multiple episodes or prolonged vitamin D deficiency disease may be necessary to cause growth deficit sufficient to be detectable in skeletal samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay‐dependent exponential stability for switched delay systems
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Wei , Shi Peng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDelay‐dependent exponential stability criteria are presented for switched systems consisting of a family of stable and unstable subsystems with interval time‐varying delay. Two cases with regard to such delay are considered: one is that time‐varying delay function is differentiable and bounded and the other is that time‐varying delay function is continuous and bounded. It is very difficult to analyze the stability of such systems due to the existence of time delay and unstable subsystems. By introducing some free‐weighting matrices, constructing the new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and taking advantage of the average dwell time technique, not only is this difficulty overcome but also sufficient conditions for such criteria are obtained and formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and fracture behavior of semicrystalline polymer–clay nanocomposites
Authors: Vu Hong‐Nga , Vermogen Alexandre , Gauthier Catherine , Masenelli‐Varlot Karine , Cavaillé Jean‐Yves 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe relationships between the microstructure and the fracture behavior of three polymer/clay nanocomposites were studied. Two different polymer matrices were chosen, namely polyamide‐6 and polyethylene (compatibilized with PE‐g‐MA or PE‐g‐PEo), to reach very different clay dispersion states. The microstructure was characterized in terms of polymer crystallinity, orientation of the polymer crystalline lamellae, clay dispersion state, and orientation of the clay tactoids. The mechanical behavior was characterized by tensile tests. The essential work of fracture (EWF) concept was used to determine the fracture behavior of the nanocomposites. Both tensile and EWF tests were performed in two perpendicular directions, namely longitudinal and transversal. It is shown that the fracture behaviors of the matrices mainly depend on the polymer crystalline lamellae orientation. For the nanocomposites, the relationships between the matrix orientation, the clay dispersion states, the values of the EWF parameters (we and βwp), and their anisotropy are discussed. The results show that the lower the average clay tactoid thickness, the lower is the decrease of fracture performance for the nanocomposite and the more consumed energy as longer the path of the crack. Besides, a linear dependence of the anisotropy of the EWF parameters of the nanocomposites on the average clay aspect ratio is found. The more exfoliated the structure is, the less pronounced the anisotropy of the EWF parameters. Interestingly, it is thought that the average clay aspect ratio is the parameter representing the clay dispersion state that governs the fracture anisotropy of the nanocomposites (as the elastic properties determined by tensile tests). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1820–1836, 2008
Social‐cognitive aspects of underserved Latinas preparing to undergo genetic cancer risk assessment for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Lagos Veronica I. , Perez Martin A. , Ricker Charité N. , Blazer Kathleen R. , Santiago Nydia M. , Feldman Nancy , Viveros Lori , Weitzel Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives: As Latinos are a growing ethnic group in the United States, it is important to understand the socio‐cultural factors that may be associated with cancer screening and prevention in this population. The socio‐cultural factors that may affect preparedness to undergo genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) deserve particular attention. The pre‐GCRA period can provide insight into variables that may influence how medically underserved Latinas, with limited health resources and access, understand hereditary cancer information and subsequently implement cancer risk management recommendations. This study explores social, cognitive and cultural variables in Latinas prior to undergoing GCRA.Methods: The study sample consisted of low‐income, underserved Latinas referred for GCRA because of a personal and/or family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Acculturation, cancer‐specific fatalism, self‐efficacy and social support were assessed prior to GCRA.Results: Fifty Latinas (mean age=40.1±7.7) completed instruments; 86% had invasive cancer, 78% spoke primarily Spanish and 61% were of Mexican ancestry. Low levels of acculturation (n=50, mean=9.0±5.8) and cancer‐specific fatalism (n=43, mean=5.6±3.2), but relatively high self‐efficacy (n=49, mean=40.9±7.8) and social support (n=49, mean=37.3±8.7) were reported. Cancer‐specific fatalism and self‐efficacy were inversely correlated (r=−0.47, p=0.002). Those over age 38 at the time of cancer diagnosis reported higher acculturation (mean=11.4±7.2, p=0.02) and social support (mean=40.5±1.2, p=0.05).Conclusions: These findings suggest that medically underserved Latinas may already possess some of the necessary skills to successfully approach the GCRA process, but that special attention should be given to cultural factors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Discrimination of Penicillium isolates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry fingerprinting
Authors: Hettick Justin M. , Green Brett J. , Buskirk Amanda D. , Kashon Michael L. , Slaven James E. , Janotka Erika , Blachere Francoise M. , Schmechel Detlef , Beezhold Donald H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) was used to generate highly reproducible mass spectral ‘fingerprints’ for twelve Penicillium species. Prior to MALDI‐TOF MS analysis, eight replicate cultures of each Penicillium species were subjected to three one‐minute bead‐beating cycles in an acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid solvent. The mass spectra contained abundant peaks in the range of m/z 5000–20 000, and allowed unambiguous discrimination between species. In addition, a biomarker common to all Penicillium mass spectra was observed at m/z 13 900. Discriminant analysis using the MALDI‐TOF MS data yielded classification error rates of 0% (i.e. 100% correct identification), indicating that MALDI‐TOF MS data may be a useful diagnostic tool for the objective identification of Penicillium species of environmental and clinical importance. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.