bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HLA proteins and a related protein of 28 kDa are preferentially induced by interferon‐γ in human WISH cells
Authors: Wallach David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe HLA‐A,B,C proteins are preferentially induced by interferon (IFN)‐γ. An increase in their synthesis and of their expression on the cell surface can be observed at concentrations of IFN‐γ which are lower than those inducing an antiviral effect. On the other hand, with IFN‐α and β, induction of these proteins can be observed only in the antiviral range of IFN concentrations. In human WISH cells, IFN also induces a protein with a molecular mass of 28 kDa (28K). The efficiency of IFN‐β and γ in inducing this protein is correlated to the efficiency with which they induce the HLA‐A,B,C proteins. The 28K protein can be immunoprecipitated with antibodies against β2‐microglobulin, just as the HLA proteins; yet it can be clearly distinguished from the HLA proteins in several respects: (a) it is not a cell surface protein but rather an intracellular one, with a relatively short half‐life, (b) partial peptide mapping suggests that it contains sequences distinct from those of which the HLA α chains or β2‐microglobulin are comprised and (c) the extent of its induction by IFN is much larger than that observed for the HLA proteins.
Relationship between mouse lymphocyte receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA)
Authors: De Petris Stefanello , Takacs Béla 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between mouse lymphocyte receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) has been investigated by immunofluorescence (cocapping) and radiolabeling. In neuraminidase‐treated and untreated thymocytes there are two groups of glycoproteins which bind roughly equivalent amounts of PNA. One group also carries all the detectable receptors for HPA, the other binds only PNA. Binding inhibition experiments suggest that PNA and HPA receptors are in close proximity on the shared glycoproteins. The same two groups of receptors are present on 35–10% of neuraminidase‐treated spleen lymphoid cells, mainly immunoglobulin (Ig)‐negative lymphocytes. Almost all B cells have only PNA‐specific receptors. Five–12% of the untreated spleen cells appreciably bind PNA and only a few bind HPA.Solubilized glycoproteins specific for PNA or HPA were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The major PNA‐specific radioiodinated glycoproteins of neuraminidase‐treated thymocytes, as isolated by affinity chromatography, consist of the 185‐kDa and 195‐kDa components of the T200 antigen and of two (diffuse) components of about 140 and 120–125 kDa. All these molecules also bind to HPA‐Sepharose, with the exception of the 185 kDa component, which is probably the main constituent of the “pure” PNA receptors on the intact thymocytes. In gels directly labeled with radioactive lectins, the only band strongly labeled by PNA and HPA is the diffuse 140‐kDa band. The band at 120 kDa is well labeled by PNA, but all the other components are weakly labeled. The mobility of the 140‐ and 120‐kDa bands depends strongly on neuraminidase‐treatment. These bands cannot be detected in gels of untreated thymocytes, but a major HPA‐and PNA‐specific band of lower molecular weight can be labeled after treating the gels with neuraminidase. The factors determining the differences in labeling pattern obtained by different methods as well as the nature of PNA and HPA binding sites are discussed.The same major PNA‐ and HPA‐binding glycoproteins (apart from minor differences) are present on neuraminidase‐treated Ig‐negative spleen lymphocytes. The major PNA‐binding protein of B lymphocytes appears to correspond to the 225‐kDa (“B220”) antigen specific for these cells.
In vitro and in vivo histamine‐producing cell‐stimulating factor (or IL3) production during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection: coincidence with self‐cure phenomenon
Authors: Filho Mario Abbud , Dy Michel , Lebel Bernard , Luffau Gérard , Hamburger Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis‐infected mice produce large amounts of histamine in response to adult worm antigen. This phenomenon results from the production of HCSF (histamine‐producing cell‐stimulating factor, probably related to IL3) by sensitized lymphocytes. This factor acts on its target cells (presumably mast cell precursors) by inducing a rapid increase in histamine synthesis. Similarly, parasite infection generates enhanced histamine production by spleen cells in response to concanavalin A (Con A). This results from increases in both HCSF production and the HCSF sensitivity of its target cells. In all cases, maximal histamine and HCSF productions are obtained on day 8 after infection and coincide with parasite rejection. Methyl prednisolone suppresses HCSF production by infected mouse spleen cells in response to worm antigen or Con A. HCSF activity is found in vivo on day 8 in the sera of infected mice, 4 h after they are challenged with an i. v. injection of adult worm antigen. No activity is detected in the sera of normal mice with or without antigen injection. Sera from infected mice that did not receive the antigen exhibit a slight HCSF activity on day 8. Our data bring the first evidence of the existence of an in vivo production of HCSF.
Somatic H‐2Kk variants reveal nonidentity of serological and cytotoxic T cell‐defined Kk determinants
Authors: Vohr Hans‐werner , Holtkamp Bodo , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship of serologically defined determinants to determinants recognized by cytotoxic T cells on molecules encoded by the Kk gene of the murine major histocompatibility complex (H‐2) has been analyzed. For this purpose we used three somatic variants of a Kk‐expressing lymphoma line lacking individual determinants of the Kk molecule, as defined by monoclonal antibodies (mAb), as target cells for Kk‐specific alloreactive and Kk‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) cloned by limiting dilution. Neither alloreactive nor fluorescein isothiocyanate, influenza‐ or Newcastle disease virus‐specific Kk‐restricted CTL clones were found to distinguish between variants and wild type cells, indicating that the serologically defined determinants lost by the variants were not essential for antigen recognition of CTL with these specificities. On the other hand, two of the variants lacking either one of a pair of serological determinants were discriminated from Kk wild type cells by about 40% of Kk‐restricted, trinitrophenol (TNP)‐specific CTL clones. The third variant, lacking both of the determinants, however, was lysed by all CTL clones to the same extent as wild type cells. From these results we conclude that the determinants restricting the TNP‐specific CTL were also not identical with those defined by mAb.In experiments performed to optimize the conditions for the limiting dilution analysis we found that the specificity of the CTL stimulation was strongly dependent on the concentration of T cell growth factor (interleukin 2) in the cultures during CTL stimulation. High concentrations of IL2 resulted in a drastic increase in the frequency of CTL clones. Part of these clones, however, were found not to be specific for antigens present on the stimulator cells.
Regeneration and the immune system I. In vitro and in vivo activation of lymphocytes by liver regeneration and the role of Kupffer cells in stimulation
Authors: Miyahara Seiko , Yokomuro Kozo , Takahashi Hidemi , Kimura Yoshitami 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen syngeneic lymphocytes and mitomycin C‐treated regenerating liver cells, prepared from partially hepatectomized mice, are cultured together, the in vitro DNA synthesis is activated (sMLHLR: syngeneic mixed hepatectomized‐liver cell‐lymphocyte culture). The Ia+ Kupffer cells play an important role as stimulators in the response, since the stimulating activity of regenerating liver cells is lost either by the pretreatment with anti‐Ia monoclonal antibody plus complement or by the removing Kupffer cells from them. The lymphocytes are also activated in vivo during liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. When lymphocytes, prepared from hepatectomized mice, are cultured with regenerating liver cells, the lymphocytes are stimulated to accelerate their DNA synthesis in a manner typical of the secondary immune responses (secondary sMLHLR). In primary sMLHLR, the responder cells are mainly Lyt‐1+, whereas, in secondary sMLHLR, they are mainly Lyt‐2+. The mechanism of changing the Lyt phenotype of major responder cells from Lyt‐1 to Lyt‐2 during sMLHLR is discussed.
Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD III. Ontogeny
Authors: Muul Linda M. , Mond James J. , Finkelman Fred D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has recently been demonstrated that the injection of adult mice with an affinitypurified goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaMδ) stimulates activation of the humoral immune system that resembles, on a polyclonal level, specific B cell activation by a T cell‐dependent antigen. One to 2 days after adult BALB/c mice are injected with 200 μg of GaMδ, their splenic B lymphocytes undergo a series of T‐independent activation steps that include increases in surface (s) Ia expression, cell size and DNA synthesis. Seven days after GaMδ injection, these cells undergo T‐dependent activation steps, that include further proliferation as well as differentiation into IgG1‐secreting cells. We have now studied the ontogeny of the T‐independent (day 2) and T‐dependent (day 7) activation steps by injecting 100–200 μg of GaMδ into 3‐day‐ to 10‐week‐old BALB/c mice. GaMδ failed to induce increases in B cell sIa expression or size 2 days after injection of mice 2 weeks old or younger and failed to stimulate increased DNA synthesis 2 days after injection of 4‐week‐old mice. In contrast, increases in spleen cell sIa expression, size and DNA synthesis were seen 7days after injection of 6‐ to 8‐day‐old mice. Furthermore, increases in the numbers of spleen cells with large amounts of intracytoplasmic IgG1 were seen at the same time, although these increases were much less than were seen in GaMδ‐treated adult mice. Thus, the ability of GaMδ to induce T help and to act in concert with such help to stimulate B cell proliferation and differentiation precedes in ontogeny the ability of GaMδ to directly induce B cell proliferation and early differentiative events. In addition, the early activating events that we have studied are not required for T‐dependent B cell proliferation and antibody production to occur, althougt they appear to contribute to the magnitude of clonal expansion and antibody production.
RNA synthesis in activated macrophages I. Poly(I) · poly(C)‐induced triggering of cytolytic activity is associated with decrease in RNA synthesis
Authors: Varesio Luigi , Issaq Haleem J. , Taramelli Donatella 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid [poly(I) · poly(C)] on the activation and RNA metabolism in murine peritoneal macrophages (MΦ) elicited by proteose‐peptone (pMΦ) was investigated. Poly(I) · poly(C) triggered the cytolytic activity of pMΦ and augmented their glucose oxidation. In contrast, a profound depression of [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA was observed in poly(I) · poly(C)‐activated pMΦ. The degree of depression of RNA labeling paralleled the dose of poly(I) · poly(C) used to activate the pMΦ and the expression of tumoricidal activity. This decrease in [3H]uridine incorporation into MΦ RNA could not be accounted for by decreased permeability of the activated MΦ to [3H]uridine, or by instability of the labeled RNA. Moreover, analysis of the specific activity of the intracellular uridine triphosphate (UTP) pool and studies on the labeling of MΦ RNA with [32P] orthophosphate indicated that the decreased RNA labeling was not due to changes in the specific activity of UTP. We concluded that poly(I) · poly(C)‐activated pMΦ exhibit a depressed rate of RNA synthesis. We suggest that the rate of RNA synthesis may be investigated as a potential new indicator for MΦ activation.
The kinetics of in vivo sensitization of rat peritoneal and lung mast cells: temporal dissociation from circulating levels of IgE
Authors: Coleman John W. , Layton Guy T. , Stanworth Denis R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollowing i.p. injection of ovalbumin (OVA) plus Bordetella pertussis vaccine into Hooded Lister rats, the time‐course of sensitization of peritoneal and lung mast cells (MC) did not parallel kinetic changes in the levels of circulating OVA‐specific and total IgE. OVA‐induced secretion of 5‐hydroxytryptamine from isolated peritoneal and lung MC and the presence of OVA‐specific IgE in serum were first demonstrated at day 14 post‐immunization. However, subsequent to day 14, the responsiveness of both types of MC to OVA declined, while circulating levels of OVA‐specific IgE continued to rise. Peritoneal MC, but not lung MC, showed increased responsiveness to challenge with anti‐IgE on day 7 post‐immunization, whereas circulating levels of total IgE were not elevated until day 14, thus demonstrating that nonantigen‐specific IgE was acquired by peritoneal MC before it entered the circulation. Lung MC generally showed decreased reactivity to both OVA and anti‐IgE, compared with peritoneal MC; no significant correlations were demonstrated between the responses of MC from these two tissue sites.
Induction of suppressive cells within the T4 subset by a human T‐T hybridoma‐produced factor
Authors: Grillot‐Courvalin Catherine , Labaume Sylvaine , Brouet Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examines the target cell and the mode of action of a factor (TsF), produced by a human T‐T hybridoma, which suppresses pokeweed mitogen‐induced B cell differentiation as previously reported (J. Immunol. 1982. 129: 1008.). The suppressive effect still exists when peripheral blood leukocytes are depleted of T8+ cells or when TsF is added to a mixture of purified T4+ and B cells. This suppressive effect disappears when the T4 cells are irradiated. The suppression, however, is restored when a large number of T8 cells are added to the irradiated T4 cells. Lastly, a 24 h preincubation of T4 but not T8 cells, with TsF is able to generate suppressive effectors. These results suggest that the target cell for TsF is a radioresistant T4 cell which, upon activation, is able to induce radiosensitive T4 or T8 cells to suppress B cell differentiation.
Anti‐viral immune response of allogeneic irradiation bone marrow chimeras: cytotoxic T cell responsiveness depends upon H‐2 combination and infectious agent
Authors: Zinkernagel Rolf M. , Sado Toshi , Althage Alana , Kamisaku Hitoko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAllogeneic irradiation bone marrow chimeras C57BL/10 (H‐2b) →B10.BR (H‐2k) and B10.BR (H‐2k)→C57BL/10 (H‐2b) were raised under specific pathogen‐free (SPF) conditions; they survived very well and were healthy under SPF for 3–4 months and subsequently, under conventional housing conditions, for 1 to 8 months. Their immune response against third‐party alloantigens was comparable with that of controls. Anti‐vaccinia virus responses were very low when compared with syngeneic control chimeras or unmanipulated control animals; if anti‐vaccinia virus cytotoxic T cell reactivity was measurable, it was specific for the bone marrow donor, rather than the recipient thymic H‐2 type. In contrast, the anti‐LCMV (lymphocytic‐choriomeningitis virus) response was excellent and comparable to that in controls for B10.BR (H‐2k)→C57BL/10 (H‐2b) chimeras, but was completely absent for C57BL/10 (H‐2b)→B10.BR (H‐2k) chimeras. LCMV‐specific cytotoxic effector T cells from B10.BR→C57BL/10 chimeras were restricted entirely to recipient H‐2b. In contrast to the asymmetric cytotoxic T cell response, both types of chimeras developed good primary footpad swelling reactions after local infection, which arose somewhat slower with LCMV than in control of chimeras. The capacity to control infection by Listeria monocytogenes was excellent for all controls and B10.BR→C57BL/10 chimeras but apparently absent in C57BL/10→B10.BR chimeras.Differentiation of T cell restriction specificity for thymic H‐2 is apparently most efficient, but it remains unclear whether the observed asymmetry reflects exaggerated immune response regulation in H‐2‐incompatible stem cell‐thymus chimeras or differential cross‐reactivities between restricting transplantation antigens.
Quantitative representation of all T cells committed to develop into cytotoxic effector cells and/or interleukin 2 activity‐producing helper cells within murine T lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Pfizenmaier Klaus , Scheurich Peter , Däubener Walter , Krönke Martin , Röllinghoff Martin , Wagner Hermann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA limiting dilution culture system based on stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) has been used to study the quantitative distribution of helper and of cytotoxic precursor cells in Lyt‐2‐defined subpopulations of murine T cells. Virtually all of the selected Lyt‐2+ and Lyt‐2− T cells grow and expand to large clonal colonies within an 8–9‐day culture period. Our data show that upon stimulation with Con A, 90% of the Lyt‐2− T cells were capable to produce interleukin 2 (IL2) activity. In addition, IL2 activity is produced by 8–10% of Lyt‐2+ T cells. However, at the clonal level, the average of the IL 2 activity produced by Lyt‐2+ T cells is about 8‐fold less as compared to Lyt‐2− T cells. Precursors of cytotoxic T cells were almost exclusively found in the Lyt‐2+ population, of which about 70% displayed lytic activity in a lectin‐dependent cytolysis test. For the vast majority of clones analyzed the capacity to produce IL 2 activity and the capacity to express lytic activity, was found to be mutually exclusive. A minority of clones (< 3%) was found to simultaneously produce IL2 activity and to express cytotoxicity. These latter cells are therefore considered as bifunctional T cells.
The cytolytic T lymphocyte response to the murine cytomegalovirus. II. Detection of virus replication stage‐specific antigens by separate populations of in vivo active cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors
Authors: Reddehase Matthias J. , Keil Günther M. , Koszinowski Ulrich H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the acute cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response of mice to infection with the murine cytomegalovirus two independent populations of activated interleukin‐receptive CTL precursors can be demonstrated. One population is specific for cell membrane‐incorporated viral structural antigens, whereas the second population detects an antigen, whose appearance is correlated with the synthesis of viral immediate early proteins. Since this new type of antigen is only defined by lymphocyte recognition, it is referred to as the lymphocyte‐detected immediate early antigen (LYDIEA). Expression of immediate early antigen precedes the production of viral progeny and, therefore, it is possible that LYDIEA‐specific CTL could serve as indicator cells for the very first activities of the viral genome, even during nonproductive infection.
Ontogeny of surface markers on functionally distinct T cell subsets in the chicken
Authors: Traill Karine N. , Böck Günther , Boyd Richard L. , Ratheiser Klaus , Wick Georg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree subsets of chicken peripheral T cells (T1, T2 and T3) have been identified in peripheral blood of adult chickens on the basis of fluorescence intensity after staining with certain xenogeneic anti‐thymus cell sera (from turkeys and rabbits). They differentiate between 3–10 weeks of age in parallel with development of responsiveness to the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Functional tests on the T subsets, sorted with a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, have shown that T2,3 cells respond to Con A, PHA and PWM and are capable of eliciting a graft‐vs.‐host reaction (GvHR). In contrast, although T1 cells respond to Con A, they respond poorly to PHA and not at all to PWM or in GvHR. There was some indication of cooperation between T1 and T2,3 cells for the PHA response. Parallels between these chicken subsets and helper and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets in mammalian systems are discussed.
Regulatory effects of isologous anti‐idiotypic antibodies on the formation of different immunoglobulin classes in the immune response to phosphorylcholine in BALB/c mice
Authors: Blaser Kurt , Heusser Christoph H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/c mice were immunized with purified phosphorylcholine (PC)‐specific myeloma protein of the TEPC‐15 tumor, which bears the major idiotype of the anti‐PC response (T15 Id) in this mouse strain. Four months after establishing the anti‐idiotypic response, animals were immunized with PC‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin under conditions which normally lead to IgE antibody formation. The expression of anti‐PC antibodies of each immunoglobulin class was compared to a group of matched control mice not immunized with T15. In BALB/c mice producing anti‐idiotypic antibodies the formation of anti‐PC IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgE was suppressed to various extents and for different lengths of time. An exception to this observation was the formation of anti‐PC IgA antibodies, in that no significant difference was measured between the two groups of mice. BALB/c mice immunized in the same way with the PC‐specific myeloma proteins of the MOPC‐167, MOPC‐511 and MOPC‐603 tumors produced normal levels of anti‐PC IgE and IgG antibodies. These results suggest that T15 idiotype‐positive antibodies are probably formed within all classes of specific antibodies expressed during an immune response to PC. The possibility of extending the phenomena of anti‐idiotype‐induced suppression to the level of various classes of specific antibodies, including IgE, might be of interest in the treatment of some allergic diseases.
Absence of cell surface fixation of a monoclonal antibody detectable by conventional immunoassays does not exclude expression of and interaction with the corresponding antigenic determinant
Authors: Layet Corine , Bouteiller Philippe P. Le , Olive Daniel , Mishal Zohair , Caillol Danielle , Kourilsky François M. , Jordan Bertrand R. , Lemonnier François A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNo specific binding of anti‐HLA class I B.10.6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) could be demonstrated by cell surface radioimmunoassay and cytofluorographic studies at the surface of murine transformed L cells expressing HLA‐A3 or Cw3 molecules. However, specific interaction of this antibody with these molecules at the surface of these transformed cells was indirectly established, since it inhibited specifically the binding to the same HLA class I molecules of other anti‐HLA class I mAb. Therefore, the absence of detectable binding of mAb, in conventional immunoassays, does not exclude expression by these cells of the corresponding antigenic determinant.
The regulation of macrophage activity in congenitally athymic mice
Authors: Sharp A. Kay , Colston M. Joseph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that non‐T cell‐mediated cellular immune mechanisms might be elevated in nude mice, which could contribute to their partial resistance to intracellular infectious agents and to the development of spontaneous tumors. In this study we have examined macrophages (MΦ) from athymic, euthymic and athymic T cell‐reconstituted mice in terms of their phagocytic capacity, microbicidal and tumoricidal activity, and the production of hydrogen peroxidase and superoxide anions. These studies have demonstrated the presence of activated MΦ in nude mice and suggest that this activation is associated with the absence of T cell‐mediated suppression. We have also compared MΦ activation levels in germ‐free nude mice which have a defined intestinal bacterial flora. We have found MΦ activity to be significantly elevated in microbiologically defined nude mice when compared to germ‐free nude mice, indicating that a resistant gut flora is capable of nonspecifically stimulating nude mouse MΦ.