bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A small and active ring x chromosome in a female with features of Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Rodríguez L. , Diego‐Alvarez D. , Lorda‐Sanchez I. , Gallardo F.L. , Martínez‐Fernández M.L. , Arroyo‐Muñoz M.E. , Martínez‐Frías M.L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA ring X chromosome is found in about 6% of patients with Turner syndrome (TS), often with mosaicism for a 45,X cell line. Patients with this karyotype are reported to have a higher incidence of a more severe phenotype including mental retardation. In fact, some studies have shown a correlation between this severity and the presence or absence of an intact and functional X inactivation center (XIST). However, the phenotype of the individuals with r(X) cannot be entirely defined in terms of their X‐inactivation patterns. Nevertheless, a small group of these patients have been described to manifest clinical features reminiscent of the Kabuki syndrome. Here we present a female patient with clinical features resembling Kabuki syndrome and a mos 45,X/46,X,r(X) karyotype. Methylation analyses of polymorphic alleles of the androgen receptor gene showed that both alleles were unmethylated suggesting an active ring chromosome. A specific X chromosome array CGH was performed estimating the size of the ring to be 17 Mb, lacking the XIST gene, and including some genes with possible implications in the phenotype of the patient. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viscoelastic characteristics of magnetic tapes with PEN substrates
Authors: Weick Brian L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractViscoelastic characteristics of magnetic tapes with poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrates were studied using experimental techniques. Measurements were made using samples cut from commercially available tapes, and solvents were used to remove front and/or back coat layers to obtain substrates and dual‐layer samples. Experimental results allowed for fundamental compliance and viscosity parameters to be determined using a Kelvin‐Voigt model. Rates of creep‐compliance were also predicted, and comparisons were made with results for tapes that used poly(ethylene terephthalate) and aromatic poly(amide) substrates. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to help make correlations between viscous characteristics measured from the creep‐compliance results and molecular characteristics of the substrates. Time‐temperature superposition (TTS) was used to predict creep‐compliance over extended time periods, and a rule‐of‐mixtures method was used to predict the compliance of constitutive layers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Adsorption and desorption of zinc(II) on water‐insoluble starch phosphates
Authors: Guo Lei , Liu Junshen , Xing Guoxiu , Wen Quanwu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWater‐insoluble starch phosphates (SPs) with different contents of phosphate groups were used as adsorbents of Zn(II). The effects of the adsorption time, dosage of adsorbents, and pH on the removal of Zn(II) by SPs were thoroughly studied. The results showed that the water‐insoluble SPs were effective adsorbents for Zn(II) removal. The optimal adsorption effect was achieved at pH = 4.0, and the adsorption equilibrium data agreed well with the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.14 mmol/g. Furthermore, the desorption process and reusability of the adsorbents were studied. HCl (0.5N) was found to be an appropriate desorption solution to desorb Zn(II) ions from the adsorbents. After three adsorption/desorption cycles, the Zn(II) adsorption capacities of three SP samples decreased from 0.92, 1.23, and 1.44 to approximately 0.72, 1.02, and 1.29 mmol/g, respectively, and all the desorption percentages were greater than 93%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Late onset hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism: Implications for long term follow-up
Authors: Hedley A J , Bewsher P D , Jones S J , Khir A S M , Clements P , Matheson N A , Gunn A 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A follow-up register has been used in Aberdeen and Dundee to record early and late onset hypothyroidism occurring in a large population of post-thyroidectomy patients treated for hyperthyroidism. In one centre, in a total of 1170 patients, the prevalence of postoperative hypothyroidism, at the time of entry to the register, was 41 per cent. of these early cases of hypothyroidism 93 per cent occurred within 18 months of operation. Results are presented from a 12-year prospective study of patients treated in two centres, who were euthyroid when entered on the follow-up register. In one centre, based on 683 patients, the 10-year incidence of late onset hypothyroidism estimated by actuarial methods was 7.4 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits, 3.8–11.1); in the other centre with 156 patients the 5-year incidence was 10.8 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits, 3–18.6). The minimum predicted annual incidence is 1 per cent. Large thyroid remnants do not protect some patients against early or late postoperative hypothyroidism but do lead to an increased risk of recurrent hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism shows a bimodal pattern and this study emphasizes the need to maintain life-long follow-up.
Bone mineral density in young adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Thomas Inas H. , Donohue Janet E. , Ness Kirsten K. , Dengel Donald R. , Baker K. Scott , Gurney James G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) (ie, osteopenia) and identify factors associated with low BMD in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODS.Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate BMD in 74 randomly selected, long‐term childhood ALL survivors initially treated in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Growth hormone (GH)‐releasing hormone–arginine stimulation testing was conducted to evaluate peak GH level, and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and other markers of endocrine functioning were also evaluated in relation to BMD.RESULTS.The mean age at the time of interview was 30 years, and the mean time since diagnosis was 24 years. Low BMD (Z‐score, ≤−1) was present in 24% of subjects, including 1 with osteoporosis. Low BMD was substantially more prevalent in men than in women and was strongly associated with short height. The mean height Z‐score for those with low BMD was −1.44, compared with a height Z‐score of −0.39 (P < .01) for those with normal BMD. GH insufficiency, low IGF‐I Z‐score, and current smoking were also suggestive risk factors for low BMD.CONCLUSIONS.In this long‐term follow‐up study of childhood ALL survivors, low BMD was found to be more prevalent than expected based on population normative data, specifically in men. The health consequences of early‐onset BMD problems in childhood ALL survivors need to be carefully monitored. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prevalent versus incident cases of prostate cancer
Authors: Nguyen Paul L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Catalona William J. , Alexander Brian M. , Roehl Kimberly A. , Loeb Stacy , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Among screened populations, it is unknown whether men with prostate cancer (PC) diagnosed at the initial screening (prevalent cases) have a different outcome than men who are diagnosed at subsequent screenings (incident cases) after adjusting for known prognostic factors.METHODS.The current study cohort was comprised of 1923 men from a prospective PC screening study who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between September 19, 1989 and May 22, 2002. Cox regression multivariate analysis was used to determine whether having prevalent PC versus incident PC was associated with the time to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) failure after RP after adjusting for PSA level, Gleason score, clinical tumor (T) classification, and year of RP.RESULTS.Men with prevalent PC had higher PSA levels (P < .001) and more advanced clinical T classification (P < .001) than men with incident PC. After a median follow‐up of 6.1 years, factors that were associated with a significantly shorter time to PSA failure after RP were prevalent PC (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3‐2.6; P = .0005), baseline PSA (AHR, 1.07; 95%CI, 1.04‐1.09; P < .001), Gleason 7 disease (AHR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9‐3.3; P < .001), Gleason 8 to 10 disease (AHR, 2.3; 95%CI, 1.5‐3.5; P < .001), and the year of RP (AHR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.86‐0.97; P = .003). Men with prevalent PC also had worse outcomes after adjusting for their more advanced pathologic features.CONCLUSIONS.After adjusting for known prognostic factors, men with prevalent PC had a poorer outcome after RP than men with incident PC. The authors believe that this finding should be taken into consideration when weighing the risk of recurrence and treatment options for men who are diagnosed with PC on their initial screening. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Die Energieeinsparverordnung 2009 und die Nachfrage nach neuartigen Ziegeln
Authors: Gierga Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDas Bundeskabinett hat Mitte Juni d.J. den modifizierten Referentenentwurf der Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) verabschiedet. Eine Reduzierung des zulässigen Primärenergiebedarfs von etwa 30 % gegenüber der aktuellen, bereits 2007 novellierten Verordnung führt unter Berücksichtigung des obligatorisch zu verwendenden regenerativen Endenergieanteils zu einer zahlenmäßig etwas schwächeren Verschärfung des Wärmeschutzes der Gebäudehülle. Die Ziegelindustrie startet gut vorbereitet in diese nächste Runde des CO2‐Minderungsprogramms der Bundesregierung und kann sowohl mit herkümmlichen Lochziegeln als auch mit dämmstoffgefüllten Hochlochziegeln die Marktnachfrage befriedigen. Darüber hinaus bilden diese neuen hochwärmedämmenden Produkte die Basis für ein nachhaltiges Bauen, da hier besonders ein geringer Primärenergiebedarf über die Nutzungsdauer eines Gebäudes die Bewertungskriterien der Nachhaltigkeit positiv beeinflusst. Mit einer Bewertung der für 2012 angekündigten neuerlichen Verschärfung der Anforderungen muss unter den Aspekten der praktischen Umsetzbarkeit, der Wirtschaftlichkeit wärmedämmender Maßnahmen sowie der realistischen Möglichkeit eines verstärkten Einsatzes regenerativer Energieträger unmittelbar begonnen werden.Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Konsequenzen eines vom Bundeskabinett beschlossenen Verordnungsentwurfs für den Ziegelmauerwerksbau.
Legumes as a source of natural antioxidants
Authors: Amarowicz Ryszard , Pegg Ronald B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe following article summarizes the most up‐to‐date information available concerning endogenous bioactives and the antioxidant activity/radical‐scavenging capacity of selected leguminous seeds, and extracts derived therefrom, as well as the impact of processing and seed germination on these bioactives. Biologically‐active compounds of interest found in leguminous seeds come from many chemical classes and include phenolic acids as well as their derivatives, flavanols, flavan‐3‐ols, anthocyanins/anthocyanidins, condensed tannins/proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, and vitamin C. Research findings from over 100 references, many of which published only within the last 10 years, have been compiled and used in this review.
In vitro mutagenesis of the yeast SUP4‐o gene to identify all substitutions that can be detected in vivo with the SUP4‐o system
Authors: Kohalmi Lester , Kunz Bernard A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSUP4‐o, a suppressor tRNA gene, is the target in a system for characterizing mutational specificity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To date, screening for loss of suppression has detected 172 of the 267 base‐pair substitutions possible in the exons and intron of the SUP4‐o gene. Although many of the remaining 95 changes might not be detected by this screen, some might occur spontaneously, or be induced, only at very low frequencies. For the purpose of analyzing mutational specificity, it would be valuable to determine which of these substitutions can be detected with the genetic screen employed in this system and which cannot. Thus we used in vitro mutagenesis to generate the 95 substitutions not yet detected in SUP4‐o in vivo. Assessment of the phenotypes conferred by these 95 directed mutations revealed that 50 would completely escape detection and only 45 would pass through the first stage of the screen. Of these 45 substitutions, 2 are detectable but have not yet been found among more than 5,000 characterized SUP4‐o mutations that arose in vivo. In addition, 4 others should be detected by slightly relaxing the current criteria for selection of SUP4‐o mutants. The results indicate that with these modifications the system can detect 174/225 substitutions possible in the SUP4‐o exons and 4/42 in the intron.
Predicting the effect of tilling practices on wind erosion activity: application of the Wind Erosion Prediction System in a sand drift area in The Netherlands
Authors: Riksen Michel J. P. M. , Visser Saskia M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe inland drift sand area in The Netherlands forms a unique ecosystem in northern Europe, but is characterized by a rapid decline in both aeolian activity and area size. It is therefore necessary to investigate how the drift sand areas can be preserved, and how their immobilization by vegetation can be counteracted by introducing techniques that reactivate the aeolian processes. Four such techniques (rotary cultivator, beach sand cleaner, disc harrow and excavator) were evaluated during an 8‐month experiment at Kootwijkerzand, The Netherlands. The effectiveness of the techniques to reactivate the aeolian processes was measured by investigating their effect on the horizontal sediment flux. Furthermore, the Wind Erosion Prediction System was used to simulate the effect of the different techniques, without the noise related to field measurements. Both field experiment and model simulation showed that the most effective method is the beach sand cleaner, followed by the rotary cultivator. Unlike measurement in the field, the model did not simulate any mass transport on the plot tilled with the excavator. Here incoming sediment could have initiated mass transport. In the case of the plot tilled with the disc harrow the model overestimated the transport. In reality, however, a surface layer with a high random roughness shows large variation in moisture content in space and time resulting in lower mass transport. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite point method for adaptive three‐dimensional compressible flow calculations
Authors: Ortega Enrique , Oñate Eugenio , Idelsohn Sergio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe finite point method (FPM) is a meshless technique, which is based on both, a weighted least‐squares numerical approximation on local clouds of points and a collocation technique which allows obtaining the discrete system of equations. The research work we present is part of a broader investigation into the capabilities of the FPM to deal with 3D applications concerning real compressible fluid flow problems. In the first part of this work, the upwind‐biased scheme employed for solving the flow equations is described. Secondly, with the aim of exploiting the meshless capabilities, an h‐adaptive methodology for 2D and 3D compressible flow calculations is developed. This adaptive technique applies a solution‐based indicator in order to identify local clouds where new points should be inserted in or existing points could be safely removed from the computational domain. The flow solver and the adaptive procedure have been evaluated and the results are encouraging. Several numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the good performance of the numerical methods presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into osteogenic or hematopoietic lineages: A dose‐dependent effect of osterix over‐expression
Authors: Kärner Elerin , Unger Christian , Cerny Radim , Ährlund‐Richter Lars , Ganss Bernhard , Dilber M. Sirac , Wendel Mikael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEnhanced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs), induced by genetic modification could potentially generate a vast number of diverse cell types. Such genetic modifications have frequently been achieved by over‐expression of individual regulatory proteins. However, careful evaluation of the expression levels is critical, since this might have important implications for the differentiation potential of HESCs. To date, attempts to promote osteogenesis by means of gene transfer into HESCs using the early bone “master” transcription factor osterix (Osx) have not been reported. In this study, we attained HESC subpopulations expressing two significantly different levels of Osx, following lentiviral gene transfer. Both subpopulations exhibited spontaneous differentiation and reduced expression of markers characteristic of the pluripotent phenotype, such as SSEA3, Tra1‐60, and Nanog, In order to promote bone differentiation, the cells were treated with ascorbic acid, β‐glycerophosphate and dexamethasone. The high level of Osx, compared to endogenous levels found in primary human osteoblasts, did not enhance osteogenic differentiation, and did not up‐regulate collagen I expression. We show that the high Osx levels instead induced the commitment towards the hematopoietic‐endothelial lineage—by up‐regulating the expression of CD34 and Gata1. However, low levels of Osx up‐regulated collagen I, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin. Conversely, forced high level expression of the homeobox transcription factor HoxB4, a known regulator for early hematopoiesis, promoted osteogenesis in HESCs, while low levels of HoxB4 lead to hematopoietic gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 323–333, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Daxx functions as a scaffold of a protein assembly constituted by GLUT4, JNK1 and KIF5B
Authors: Lalioti Vasiliki S. , Vergarajauregui Silvia , Tsuchiya Yo , Hernandez‐Tiedra Sonia , Sandoval Ignacio V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe have previously reported the physical interaction between Daxx, the adaptor protein that mediates activation of the Jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK), and GLUT4, the insulin‐dependent glucose transporter, interaction that involves their C‐domains. Co‐immunoprecipitation and two‐hybrid‐based protein–protein interaction studies show now that Daxx and GLUT4 interact with JNK1 through D‐sites in their NH2‐(aa 1‐501) and large endofacial loop, respectively. Serum deprivation strongly enhances the association of JNK1 with Daxx and dissociates the kinase from GLUT4. SP600125, a potent JNK1 inhibitor, reduces the JNK1 activity associated with GLUT4 and the phosphorylation of two minor GLUT4 species in serum‐starved 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In addition, Daxx interacts with kinesin KIF5B through the 6xTPR domain of the kinesin light chain, a domain engaged in the grab hold of protein cargo by kinesin motors that codistribute with JNK. Depletion of Daxx in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes provokes the partial translocation of the GLUT4 retained in the GLUT4 storage compartment to endosomes. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 416–426, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrafast bimolecular radical reaction between S1p‐terphenyl and carbon tetrachloride: mode‐specific acceleration of vibrational dephasing in reactant molecule
Authors: Iwata Koichi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUltrafast bimolecular radical reaction proceeds between photoexcited p‐terphenyl and carbon tetrachloride. The lifetime of the first excited singlet (S1) state of p‐terphenyl in carbon tetrachloride measured with picosecond time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is 5.6 ps, shorter than the typical lifetime in ordinary solvents, 0.95–2.8 ns, by a factor of 170 or more. Time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy reveals the generation of the trichloromethyl (CCl3) radical as a reaction intermediate. The decay kinetics of the CCl3 radical indicates that the CCl3 radical and the p‐terphenyl–Cl radical adduct, both of which are produced simultaneously by a radical reaction between S1p‐terphenyl and carbon tetrachloride, recombine to form the product. The picosecond time‐resolved Raman spectrum of the reactant S1p‐terphenyl shows that the dephasing process for the four vibrational modes at 1640, 1497, 1180, and 1017 cm−1 is selectively accelerated in carbon tetrachloride. The four vibrational modes probably have a large contribution from the motion of a specific atom or atoms where the intermolecular interaction that induces the bimolecular reaction is present. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate long‐range distance measurements in a doubly spin‐labeled protein by a four‐pulse, double electron–electron resonance method
Authors: Finiguerra Michela G. , Prudêncio Miguel , Ubbink Marcellus , Huber Martina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDistance determination in disordered systems by a four‐pulse double electron–electron resonance method (DEER or PELDOR) is becoming increasingly popular because long distances (several nanometers) and their distributions can be measured. From the distance distributions eventual heterogeneities and dynamics can be deduced. To make full use of the method, typical distance distributions for structurally well‐defined systems are needed. Here, the structurally well‐characterized protein azurin is investigated by attaching two (1‐oxyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrroline‐3‐methyl) methanethiosulfonate spin labels (MTSL) by site‐directed mutagenesis. Mutations at the surface sites of the protein Q12, K27, and N42 are combined in the double mutants Q12C/K27C and K27C/N42C. A distance of 4.3 nm is found for Q12C/K27C and 4.6 nm for K27C/N42C. For Q12C/K27C the width of the distribution (0.24 nm) is smaller than for the K27C/N42C mutant (0.36 nm). The shapes of the distributions are close to Gaussian. These distance distributions agree well with those derived from a model to determine the maximally accessible conformational space of the spin‐label linker. Additionally, the expected distribution for the shorter distance variant Q12C/N42C was modeled. The width is larger than the calculated one for Q12C/K27C by 21%, revealing the effect of the different orientation and shorter distance. The widths and the shapes of the distributions are suited as a reference for two unperturbed MTSL labels at structurally well‐defined sites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization‐induced increase in fatigue resistance is not explained by changes in the muscle metaboreflex
Authors: Clark Brian C. , Hoffman Richard L , Russ David W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractImmobilization has been reported to enhance fatigability, which is paradoxical in light of the metabolic and molecular alterations that occur in atrophied muscles. We examined whether the immobilization‐induced enhancement in fatigability was associated with attenuation in the muscle metaboreflex response. Ten subjects were examined after 3 weeks of hand–forearm immobilization. The time to task failure of a handgrip contraction (20% intensity) was determined along with heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest, during the task and during a 2‐min postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) test that continues to stimulate the metaboreflex. Immobilization decreased strength by 25% (P < 0.01) and increased the time to task failure by 21% (P = 0.03). However, no changes were observed for the HR and MAP responses to the exercise task or during PEMI (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the augmentation of time to task failure with immobilization is not associated with changes in the pressor or metaboreflex responses. Muscle Nerve, 2008