bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration is associated with improved survival compared to hemodialysis
Authors: Abe Masanori , Kikuchi Kan , Wada Atsushi , Nakai Shigeru , Hanafusa Norio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Approximately 16.4% of patients on hemodialysis (HD) in Japan are treated with intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration (I-HDF). However, large-scale data on clinical outcomes with this modality are lacking. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of I-HDF with those of conventional HD.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted using the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry database from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The subjects were 210,574 patients on maintenance HD. The exposure of interest was I-HDF treatment versus conventional HD. The I-HDF group was divided into two subgroups based on substitution: low-volume (< 1.2 L per session) and high-volume (≥ 1.2 L per session). Outcomes included 2-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The data were analyzed using Cox regression models after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
I-HDF was associated with improved all-cause mortality compared to HD (hazard ratio: 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.99) after adjusting for all covariates. However, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality between the two groups. In patients treated with I-HDF, the high-volume I-HDF group had improved all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to low-volume I-HDF or HD groups. Propensity score matching analysis revealed that the high-volume I-HDF group had better survival rates than the HD group.

Conclusions
This observational study suggests that I-HDF, especially with high- volumes substitution, may improve all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, to establish a causal relationship and further evaluate the efficacy of I-HDF in improving outcomes and reducing cardiovascular events in patients on dialysis, randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Trial registration UMIN000018641.
Identification of cancer-specific cell surface targets for CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Hosen Naoki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOne should identify appropriate cell surface targets to develop new CAR-T cells. Currently, lineage-specific antigens such as CD19 or B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are being used as targets for CAR-T cells. However, in most cancers, lineage-specific antigens cannot be used as targets because targeting normal counterparts expressing them causes fatal toxicity. Cancer-specific transcripts have been extensively searched for using transcriptome analysis, but only a few candidates were reported. We have been working on identifying tumor-specific antigen structures, for example constitutively activated conformer of integrin b7 in multiple myeloma. Recently, several researchers have been working on a logic gate system that can react only when two antigens are expressed on the cell surface.
ACE I/D polymorphism in cognitive impairment and depression among North Indian adults: a pilot study
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Chaudhary Vineet , Thakur Mamta Kumari , Devi Naorem Kiranmala , Saraswathy Kallur Nava 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment and depression are two common mental health conditions affecting millions worldwide. CI and depression both have complex etiology and multiple genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in their onset and progression. Further, CI and depression often occur as comorbidities, indicating an overlap in their etiologies. The likelihood of developing major depressive illness and CI, the prognosis in response to treatments, and the possibility of adverse reactions to antidepressant medicines are all significantly influenced by genetics. Looking at the limited literature on the role of ACE I/D polymorphism in CI and depression among Indian populations, the present population-based pilot study was conducted with the aim to understand the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with CI and depression among North Indian adults.

Results
The present study was conducted among 195 individuals aged 30 years and above. The results of the present study show that the distributions of some of the studied sociodemographic variables, viz., gender, educational status, and employment status, were significantly different between those with and without CI, where a higher percentage of females, nonliterate and unemployed participants were in CI group than in the without CI group (p value < 0.05). For cognitive impairment, none of the models showed a statistically significant association with ACE I/D genotypes or alleles. For depression, two of the models showed a statistically significant association with ACE I/D genotypes or alleles. The ID + DD (D allele) and DD genotypes of ACE I/D polymorphism, with II as a reference, were found to pose a significantly reduced risk for depression (p value < 0.05).

Conclusion
In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the D allele of ACE I/D gene polymorphism poses a potentially reduced risk of depression among North Indian adults. In the case of cognitive impairment, the findings suggest that gender, educational status, and employment status may be important factors to consider when assessing the risk of cognitive impairment. However, more research is needed to better understand the complex interplay between sociodemographic and genetic factors and cognitive impairment and depression.
Positive thinking, resourcefulness skills, and future anxiety among the caregivers of children with intellectual disability: an intervention study
Authors: Sebaie Safia Ragab El , Aziz Maha Mahmoud Abd El , Atia Safaa Mohamed Metwaly 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Positive thinking is a mental attitude that focuses on positive thoughts and beliefs in order to improve one’s outlook on life and is linked to a variety of positive psychological and health consequences, as well as decreased anxiety and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention program on positive thinking, resourcefulness skills, and future anxiety among caregivers of children with intellectual disability. A quasi-experimental design was used on 70 caregivers whose children were attending the intellectual education school in Zagazig City. Data were collected through an interview questionnaire sheet composed of sociodemographic datasheet and child characteristics, the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (PTSS), the Resourcefulness Skills Scale (RSS), and the Future Anxiety Scale.

Results
The mean score of future anxiety was lower at the post-intervention phase compared to pre-intervention among the participants’ caregivers. Otherwise, the mean scores of positive thinking, social resourcefulness, personal resourcefulness, and total resourcefulness were higher at the post-intervention phase compared to pre-intervention among the participants’ caregivers. Positive thinking improved among 60.76%, resourcefulness skills among 19.49%, and future anxiety decreased among 21.30% of the caregivers after the intervention.

Conclusion
The intervention program was efficient in improving the caregivers’ positive thinking and resourcefulness skills and decreasing their future anxiety.

Recommendations
A continuous psychosocial training program is recommended to enhance the caregivers’ positive thinking and improve other aspects of psychological adjustment.
Therapeutic efficacy of gut microbiota-derived polyphenol metabolite Urolithin A
Authors: Shetty Shilpa S. , Shetty Sandeep , Kumari N. Suchetha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite rising public awareness and improvements in diagnostic and treatment methods, there are adverse effects brought on by drug resistance, an increase in overall treatment costs, and unanticipated side effects from pharmaceuticals.

Main body
Therefore, efforts for development strategy that is more efficient, more affordable, and more secure are underway. Such a strategy involves employing naturally occurring phytochemicals to delay the beginning, prevent it from happening, or treat it, and it sparks an increase in interest in studies looking for an effective agent in herbs and other plant materials used in traditional medicines. Urolithins are polyphenol chemicals generated by the gut microbiota studied for potential health benefits and have a high bioavailability. After being ingested, urolithins can move throughout the body and mediate in different locations. Urolithins are studied for over 40 years, but their mechanistic role has been explored recently in understanding their potential health benefits.

Short conclusion
This review gives an overview of the current Urolithin A research on human health. The findings highlight the importance of exploring the potential of urolithins as a natural compound for therapeutic applications. Elucidating the mechanisms behind the disease process and pinpointing candidate molecules and pathways to target preventive and therapeutic intervention are the need of the hour.
Influence of artificial intelligence in modern pharmaceutical formulation and drug development
Authors: Ali Kazi Asraf , Mohin SK , Mondal Puja , Goswami Susmita , Ghosh Soumya , Choudhuri Sabyasachi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionized the formulation and development of modern pharmaceuticals. With the help of AI, researchers can now optimize drug design, develop formulations, and streamline clinical trials in a much accurate and efficient way. Drug development might be greatly expedited and time-consuming procedure; however, with the help of AI this are significantly reduced.

Main body of abstract
The main advantages of AI in pharmaceutical formulation are its capacity to analyse vast amounts of data and spot patterns and connections that human researchers would miss. Various tools and technologies, such as ANN, fuzzy logic, neuro-fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm are used for analysing the date, of which ANN is popular and mostly used. AI enables the discovery of novel pharmacological targets and the creation of more potent medications. AI may also be used to improve medication formulations by forecasting the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drug candidates, increasing the likelihood that clinical trials will be successful.
AI is also applied in designing clinical trials, reducing the time and cost of the process by identifying patient populations that are most likely to benefit from the treatment. Additionally, AI can monitor patients during clinical trials, detecting real-time adverse effects and adjusting dosages to improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion
AI is a potent pharmaceutical formulation and development tool, allowing researchers to analyse vast amounts of data, optimize drug formulations, and streamline clinical trials. As technology develops, experts anticipate that AI will increasingly show a crucial part in drug development, enabling faster, more efficient, and more effective treatments for various diseases.
CONTACT-01: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Atezolizumab + Cabozantinib Versus Docetaxel for Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer After a Checkpoint Inhibitor and Chemotherapy
Authors: Neal Joel , Pavlakis Nick , Kim Sang-We , Goto Yasushi , Lim Sun Min , Mountzios Giannis , Fountzilas Elena , Mochalova Anastasia , Christoph Daniel C. , Bearz Alessandra , Quantin Xavier , Palmero Ramon , Antic Vladan , Chun Elaine , Edubilli Tirupathi Rao , Lin Ya-Chen , Huseni Mahrukh , Ballinger Marcus , Graupner Vilma , Curran Dominic , Vervaet Piet , Newsom-Davis Thomas 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE Although checkpoint inhibitors have improved first-line treatment for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a therapeutic need remains for patients whose disease does not respond or who experience disease progression after anti–PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy. CONTACT-01 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04471428 ) evaluated atezolizumab plus cabozantinib versus docetaxel in patients with metastatic NSCLC who developed disease progression after concurrent or sequential treatment with anti–PD-L1/PD-1 and platinum-containing chemotherapy. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, phase III trial randomly assigned patients 1:1 to atezolizumab 1,200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks (q3w) plus cabozantinib 40 mg orally once daily or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS One hundred eighty-six patients were assigned atezolizumab plus cabozantinib, and 180 docetaxel. Minimum OS follow-up was 10.9 months. Median OS was 10.7 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 12.3) with atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.6 to 13.0) with docetaxel (stratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.68 to 1.16]; P = .3668). Median progression-free survival was 4.6 months (95% CI, 4.1 to 5.6) and 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.1 to 4.4), respectively (stratified HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.92]). Serious adverse events (AEs) occurred in 71 (38.4%) patients receiving atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and 58 (34.7%) receiving docetaxel. Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 73 (39.5%) patients receiving atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and 58 (34.7%) receiving docetaxel. Grade 5 AEs occurred in 14 (7.6%) and 10 (6.0%) patients in the atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and docetaxel arms, respectively (treatment-related in four [2.2%] and one [0.6%], respectively). CONCLUSION Atezolizumab plus cabozantinib after disease progression following anti–PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy and platinum-containing chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC did not improve OS compared with docetaxel. Safety was consistent with known profiles of these agents.
All-silicon metalens for broadband achromatic polarization multiplexing in long-wave infrared wavelengths
Authors: Lu Yilin , Chen Ruohui , Hu Chao , Liu Xiaofei , Gan Zhikai , Zhao Xingyan , Qiu Yang , Zheng Shaonan , Zhong Qize , Dong Yuan , Lin Chun , Hu Ting 
Published: March 2024

Traditional long-wave infrared polarimetry usually relies on complex optical setups, making it challenging to meet the increasing demand for system miniaturization. To address this problem, we design an all-silicon broadband achromatic polarization-multiplexing metalens (BAPM) operating at the wavelength range of 9–12 µm. A machine-learning-based design method is developed to replace the tedious and computationally intensive simulation of a large number of meta-atoms. The results indicate that the coefficients of variation in focal length of the BAPM are 3.95% and 3.71%, and the average focusing efficiencies are 41.3% and 40.5% under broadband light incidence with x- and y-polarizations, respectively.
Addressable structured light system using metasurface optics and an individually addressable VCSEL array
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Huang Xuanlun , Ji Yipeng , Cheng Tingyu , Wang Jiaxing , Chi Nan , Yu Shaohua , Chang-Hasnain Connie J. 
Published: March 2024

Structured-light (SL) based 3D sensors have been widely used in many fields. Speckle SL is the most widely deployed among all SL sensors due to its light weight, compact size, fast video rate, and low cost. The transmitter (known as the dot projector) consists of a randomly patterned vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array multiplicated by a diffractive optical element (DOE) with a fixed repeated pattern. Given that the separation of any two speckles is only one known and fixed number (albeit random), there are no other known scales to calibrate or average. Hence, typical SL sensors require extensive in-factory calibrations, and the depth resolution is limited to 1 mm at ∼60  cm distance. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel dot projector and a new addressable SL (ASL) 3D sensor by using a regularly spaced, individually addressable VCSEL array, multiplicated by a metasurface-DOE (MDOE) into a random pattern of the array. Dynamically turning on or off the VCSELs in the array provides multiple known distances between neighboring speckles, which is used as a “built-in caliper” to achieve higher accuracy of depth. Serving as a precise “vernier caliper,” the addressable VCSEL array enables fine control over speckle positions and high detection precision. We experimentally demonstrated that the proposed method can result in sub-hundred-micron level precision. This new concept opens new possibilities for applications such as 3D computation, facial recognition, and wearable devices.
Picotesla fiberized diamond-based AC magnetometer
Authors: Zhang Shao-Chun , Liu Yong , Shan Long-Kun , Gao Xue-Dong , Geng Jia-Qi , Yu Cui , Dong Yang , Chen Xiang-Dong , Guo Guang-Can , Sun Fang-Wen 
Published: March 2024

Portable quantum sensors are crucial for developing practical quantum sensing and metrology applications. Fiberized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for compact quantum sensors. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of coherently controlling the ensemble spin and noise suppression in a large volume, it often faces problems such as reduced sensitivity and narrowed bandwidth in integrated lensless applications. Here, we propose a fluorescence signal treatment method for NV spin ensemble manipulation by the exponential fitting of spin polarization processes, instead of integrating the photon emission. This enables spin state readout with a high signal-to-noise ratio and applies to the pulse sensing protocols for large-volume NV spins. Based on this, we further developed a fiberized diamond-based AC magnetometer. With an XY8-N dynamical decoupling pulse sequence, we demonstrated a T2-limited sensitivity of 8  pT/Hz and T1-limited frequency resolution of 90 Hz over a wide frequency band from 100 kHz to 3 MHz. This integrated diamond sensor leverages quantum coherence to achieve enhanced sensitivity in detecting AC magnetic fields, making it suitable for implementation in a compact and portable endoscopic sensor.
Assessment of Culicidae collection methods for xenomonitoring lymphatic filariasis in malaria co-infection context in Burkina Faso
Authors: Coulibaly Sanata , Sawadogo Simon P. , Nikièma Achille S. , Hien Aristide S. , Bamogo Rabila , Koala Lassane , Sangaré Ibrahim , Bougma Roland W. , Koudou Benjamin , Fournet Florence , Ouédraogo Georges A. , Dabiré Roch K. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Entomological surveillance of lymphatic filariasis and malaria infections play an important role in the decision-making of national programs to control, or eliminate these both diseases. In areas where both diseases prevalence is low, a large number of mosquitoes need to be sampled to determine vectors infection rate. To do this, efficient mosquito collection methods must be used. This study is part in this framework, to assess appropriate mosquito collection methods for lymphatic filariasis xenomonitoring in a coexistence context with malaria in Burkina Faso.

Methodology/Principal findings
Mosquito collections were performed between August and September 2018 in four villages (Koulpissi, Seiga, and Péribgan, Saptan), distributed in East and South-West health regions of Burkina Faso. Different collection methods were used: Human Landing Catches (HLC) executed indoor and outdoor, Window Exit-Trap, Double Net Trap (DNT) and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC). Molecular analyses were performed to identify Anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species and to detect Wuchereria bancrofti and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 3 322 mosquitoes were collected among this, Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the vector caught in largest proportion (63.82%). An. gambiae s.l. sibling species molecular characterization showed that An. gambiae was the dominant specie in all villages. The Human Landing Catches (indoor and outdoor) collected the highest proportion of mosquitoes (between 61.5% and 82.79%). For the sampling vectors infected to W. bancrofti or P. falciparum, PSC, HLC and Window Exit-Trap were found the most effective collection methods.

Conclusions/Significance
This study revealed that HLC indoor and outdoor remained the most effective collection method. Likewise, the results showed the probability to use Window Exit-Trap and PSC collection methods to sample Anopheles infected.
3D Slicer open-source software plug-in for vector-based angle calculation of canine hind limb alignment in computed tomographic images
Authors: Burg-Personnaz Juliette , Zöllner Martin , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Brühschwein Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Background
Severe and complex angular limb deformities in dogs require accurate morphological assessment using diagnostic imaging to achieve successful orthopedic surgery. Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to overcome projection errors in two-dimensional angular measurements of dog hindlimb alignment. Three-dimensional volume rendering (VR) techniques permit virtual positioning and variable projection, but the final CT-image that defines the projection plane for angular measurements remains two-dimensional.

Objective
We wanted to develop a true three-dimensional open-source technique to measure the alignments of the hind limbs of dogs in CT scanners.

Methods
We developed an open-source 3D Slicer plug-in, to perform angular measurements using vector calculations in three-dimensional space. In 113 CT-scans of canine pelvic limbs, femoral torsion, femoral varus, femorotibial rotation, tibial torsion, tibial varus and tibiotalar rotation angles were calculated and compared to an already validated technique using VoXim®.

Results
Reference points were identified and measurements were possible in the 113 acquisitions. The greatest difference between the two techniques was 1.4° at only one tibial torsion angle. Mean values for all Bland-Altman plots did not show significant differences and were less than 0.07° for all comparisons.

Discussion
Based on these results we considered angular measurements of canine hind limb alignment in CT scans using the 3D Slicer extension program sufficiently accurate for clinical orthopedic and surgical purposes in veterinary medicine.

Conclusion
With our open-source 3D Slicer extension software, we provide a free accessible tool for veterinary orthopedic surgeons and thus we hope to improve angular measurements in CT-scans of canine hind limb deformities through true three-dimensionality.