bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising Precision Agriculture Choices for Arable Farmers in Germany and the UK: the LINKDAPA Approach
Authors: Latherow Tamisan , Arnoult Matthieu , Engel Thomas , Gralfs Renke , Hrynevych Oksana , Karampoiki Maria , Mahmood Salar , Murdoch Alistair , Paraforos Dimitrios , Ranieri Emanuelle , Todman Lindsay , Tranter Richard , Hammond John 
Published: April 2024

SummaryFarmer adoption of so‐called Precision Agriculture (PA) or ‘smart’ technologies in the arable sector has grown in the last few decades with a focus on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and variable rate technologies (VRT). This has led to increased generation of large volumes of data about fields and their crop yields which could be used to increase the environmental and financial performance for farmers. However, survey results show that cost and adaptability have been issues for many farmers in the UK and Germany that have held back such adoption. The LINKDAPA (LINKing multi‐source Data for Adoption of Precision Agriculture) project's approach sought to minimise both concerns by creating a customisable web platform that incorporates both GNSS and VRT into one, easy to use, affordable option for farmers. The project developed an online cloud‐based decision support tool which takes into account different fertiliser strategies based on novel algorithms using soil, historic yield and satellite data. Co‐created by researchers, farmers and agricultural technology firms, the LINKDAPA approach offers both economical and easy to implement solutions for farm management to mitigate resource loss‐ratios such as in fertiliser use, provide financial performance analyses, and multi‐year graphical imagery for soil mapping.
Family Conflict and Adolescent Depression: Examining the Roles of Sense of Security and Stress Mindset
Authors: Jiang Shan , Du Ruoyu , Jiang Chaoxin , Tan Shilin , Dong Ziyi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAn extensive body of research has demonstrated the multifaceted detrimental impact of family conflict on the psychological well‐being of adolescents. Nevertheless, there remains a significant scarcity of comprehensive studies investigating the full spectrum of family conflict—encompassing both interparental and parent–child relationships—and its effects on adolescent depression within the social context of China. The current study endeavours to bridge this gap by examining the relationship between family conflict and depression while concurrently assessing the mediating role of sense of security and the moderating role of stress mindset. A total of 814 adolescents (mean age = 16.79 years) completed the questionnaires regarding family conflict, sense of security, depression and stress mindset. The findings reveal a positive correlation between family conflict and adolescent depression. Additionally, the study uncovers the mediating role of sense of security and the moderating role of stress mindset. These insights offer valuable theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the impact of family conflict on adolescent psychological development.
Epidemiological profile of luxations injuries with or without dental fractures in permanent teeth: A 10‐years retrospective study
Authors: Amilcar Ana Laura Lopes , Vieira Walbert A. , Matta Aline Cristine Gomes , de Almeida Gomes Brenda Paula Figueiredo , da Silva Marina Angélica Marciano , de Almeida José Flávio Affonso , Ferraz Caio Cézar Randi , Santos Eduardo César Almada , Neto Julio Vargas , de Jesus Soares Adriana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/AimThis study assessed the epidemiology of luxation injuries with or without dental fractures in patients attending the outpatient clinic of a Brazilian dental school over the past decade.Material and MethodsWe reviewed clinical records from a specialized center for dental trauma care in Brazil, focusing on patients who experienced at least one traumatic dental injury (TDI) in a permanent tooth between 2012 and 2022. The extracted data included sex, age, etiology, time between trauma occurrence and the search for initial care, TDI classification, and the need for endodontic treatment. The statistical analysis involved Pearson's chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests at a 5% significance level.ResultsThe 366 analyzed clinical records included 166 patients (350 teeth) with luxation injuries. Men (n = 102) showed a higher prevalence of luxation injuries than women (n = 64). Extrusive luxation prevailed (n = 99 patients and 208 teeth). Patients with luxation injuries sought care promptly after dental trauma incidents (p = .02) and demonstrated a higher incidence of endodontic treatment (p < .0001) than those without luxation injuries. Lateral luxation was notably associated with traffic accidents (p < .0001). The combination of luxation injuries and tooth fractures did not correlate with a higher need for endodontic treatment (p > .05).ConclusionsAge and trauma etiology seemed to have influenced the epidemiological profile of luxation injuries. Additionally, these injuries affected the time to seek initial care and the need for endodontic treatment.
Evaluation of Pediatric Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life score in children with traumatic dental avulsion injury: A Questionnaire‐Based Cross‐Sectional survey
Authors: Celikel Peris , Ozturk Nilay , Bas Aybike , Sengul Fatih 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/AimDental avulsion injury, being one of the traumatic dental injuries, has negative impacts on children's life quality. This study aims to evaluate the Pediatric Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (POQL) scores of children with dental avulsion history from their perspective.Materials and MethodsThe population of this cross‐sectional study comprises 40 patients, aged between 8 and 14, who have a history of dental avulsion, in comparison to 40 other healthy peers. A questionnaire including general questions (such as age, gender, loss of tooth due to dental avulsion, malocclusion) and POQL instrument, with subscales including physical function, social function, emotional function, and role function, were completed by these children. Mann–Whitney U‐test is used when comparing the POQL scores.ResultsThe social scores (median: 47, interquartile range [IQR]: 17–95) and total score percentages (median: 30, IQR: 14–40) of children with a history of avulsion were higher than those of their healthy peers (p < 0.05). The higher total POQL scores among girls (median: 37, IQR: 31–47) with a history of dental avulsion compared to boys (median: 19, IQR: 8–34) (p = .002) can be attributed to girls achieving higher scores in both social (median: 81, IQR: 39–100) and emotional (median: 35, IQR: 17–47) scores following dental avulsion (psocial = .02, pemotional = .006). Whether the avulsed tooth is replanted or not, it has not made any visible impact on the POQL scores. However, the loss of replanted teeth over time has created a borderline significant difference in emotional scores (median: 21, IQR: 11–35, p = .055).ConclusionWithin the limits of our study, avulsion injuries have negative effects on children's emotional, social, and total quality of life. Even though avulsion injuries may be inevitable, to prevent these negative effects, it is vital to provide appropriate psychological support in the treatment of these children.
Reduced hybrid survival in a migratory divide between songbirds
Authors: Blain Stephanie A. , Justen Hannah C. , Easton Wendy , Delmore Kira E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMigratory divides, hybrid zones between populations that use different seasonal migration routes, are hypothesised to contribute to speciation. Specifically, relative to parental species, hybrids at divides are predicted to exhibit (1) intermediate migratory behaviour and (2) reduced fitness as a result. We provide the first direct test of the second prediction here with one of the largest existing avian tracking datasets, leveraging a divide between Swainson's thrushes where the first prediction is supported. Using detection rates as a proxy for survival, our results supported the migratory divide hypothesis with lower survival rates for hybrids than parental forms. This finding was juvenile‐specific (vs. adults), suggesting selection against hybrids is stronger earlier in life. Reduced hybrid survival was not explained by selection against intermediate phenotypes or negative interactions among phenotypes. Additional work connecting specific features of migration is needed, but these patterns provide strong support for migration as an ecological driver of speciation.
Does the NSW vegetation integrity assessment underestimate the conservation values of derived native grasslands?
Authors: Dorrough Josh , Oliver Ian 
Published: April 2024

SummaryVegetation condition metrics are often used as a surrogate of biodiversity to support management decisions, conservation regulations and biodiversity markets. Vegetation condition metrics, which aggregate multiple attributes, are often criticised for simplifying the complexity of biodiversity. A particular challenge is substitution when high‐scoring attributes compensate for those with low scores (e.g. high vegetation cover compensating for low growth from diversity). The geometric mean is often suggested for aggregation to reduce these effects. In New South Wales, Australia, the Vegetation Integrity metric, calculated as the geometric mean of Composition, Structure and Function sub‐indices, measures the losses and gains in biodiversity values within the NSW Biodiversity Offsets Scheme. However, concern has been raised that Vegetation Integrity underestimates conservation values of derived native grasslands when the Function sub‐index (primarily tree‐related attributes) approaches zero. We explore this issue using two datasets and compare the current Vegetation Integrity metric with aggregation using the arithmetic mean, adopting a minimum value of 10/100 for the Function sub‐index and use of a grassland benchmark for derived native grasslands. Our evaluation draws on a large‐scale expert elicitation of conservation values in Critically Endangered Box‐gum Grassy Woodlands and 4018 Vegetation Integrity estimates undertaken during development assessments. We find that Vegetation Integrity underestimates conservation values of derived native grasslands and that the problem is widespread. Although evidence most strongly supports aggregation using the arithmetic mean, this change could be disruptive to the Biodiversity Offsets Scheme. Alternatively, a sub‐index minimum of 10/100 eliminates underestimation of derived native grasslands without substantial impacts in other circumstances. We found little evidence to support the use of a grassland benchmark, which tended to overestimate conservation values. This study highlights the need for sufficient flexibility in biodiversity policies and regulations to accommodate ongoing metric evaluation and revision to support more robust biodiversity outcomes.
Expectant parents with intellectual disabilities in child protection: Risk factors for child safety
Authors: Zijlstra Annick , Sterenborg Tessel , van Nieuwenhuijzen Maroesjka , de Castro Bram O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNewborns of parents with intellectual disabilities face higher risks in their environment for child unsafety, despite parents' good intentions. To help parents prevent unsafe circumstances, a good understanding of the risk factors faced by these parents is needed.MethodsThis casefile study examined (1) which risk factors were present for expectant parents with intellectual disabilities in child protection, (2) which domains of risk factors, and (3) whether a cumulation of risk factors was related to child safety.ResultsExpectant parents with intellectual disabilities in child protection before the child was born often experienced a cumulation of risk factors. Child, family, and care factors best predicted child safety. A cumulation of risk factors over multiple life domains increased the risks for child unsafety.ConclusionsTo reduce the risks of unsafe parenting conditions for newborns, preventive interventions for expectant parents with intellectual disabilities should address their needs from an ecological perspective.
Tackling Unintended Consequences of EU Sanctions: NGOs' Advocacy for Humanitarian Exceptions
Authors: Manfredi Simone , Jugl Marlene 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSanctions are increasingly prominent foreign policy tools, but research on the policy process that leads to specific sanction design is limited. Sanctions can have unintended effects on the provision of humanitarian aid in sanctioned countries, which has led to calls for humanitarian exceptions in sanction design. This study focuses on non‐governmental organizations' (NGOs) advocacy for a humanitarian perspective on European Union (EU) sanctions in the period 2020–2021. Building on the Advocacy Coalition Framework and the triangulation of qualitative data sources including interviews and document analysis, this study describes an advocacy coalition of humanitarian NGOs in Brussels, their advocacy strategies and the effectiveness of these strategies. The analysis highlights the coalition's common policy beliefs and documents three advocacy strategies: coalition building, knowledge leadership and lobbying. The analysis then traces the link between these strategies and recent policy changes, namely, clearer European Commission guidelines on the implementation of humanitarian derogations. This policy change was further facilitated by policy brokers and an external shock, the Covid‐19 pandemic. The findings shed light on an understudied design feature of sanctions, i.e., humanitarian exceptions, and on the role of non‐governmental actors in shaping sanction designs.
Between the lines: Life cycle impact assessment models of collision and electrocution impacts of power lines on bird diversity in Norway
Authors: Gilad Dafna , May Roel , Stokke Bård G. , Verones Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe expansion of the electric grid is inevitable. Renewable energy is on the rise, and new transmission lines must be built to link new electricity production facilities with the local network. In addition, higher electricity demand due to electrification will lead to the growth of the distribution grid. However, further construction of power lines will affect the local biodiversity. Birds are especially vulnerable: every year, power lines cause the deaths of hundreds of millions of birds by collision and electrocution. Yet the environmental impacts of the electric grid in life cycle assessment (LCA) are limited to a few impact categories, failing to cover the area of protection for damages to ecosystem quality. We developed the first methodology to quantify power lines' collision and electrocution impacts on bird richness within LCA. We calculated the potentially disappeared fraction of species (PDF) by developing species–area relationships using high‐resolution species distribution maps, species‐specific characteristics, and the location of power lines and pylons. We applied our models to Norway, a country that aims to become a low‐emission nation by 2050. The characterization factors ranged between 8.48 × 10−16 and 5.6 × 10−15 PDF*yr/kWh for collision and 3.27 × 10−18 and 1.66 × 10−16 PDF*yr/kWh for electrocution. Integrating power lines’ impacts on biodiversity in LCA is essential, as harmonized models can estimate the effects of electricity production alongside the impacts of electricity distribution. This brings us a step further in promoting a holistic assessment of energy systems.
Occult hepatitis B virus infection and current perspectives on global WHO 2030 eradication
Authors: Saravanan Shanmugam , Shankar Esaki M. , Vignesh Ramachandran , Ganesh Pitchaipillai Sankar , Sankar Sathish , Velu Vijayakumar , Smith Davey M. , Balakrishnan Pachamuthu , Viswanathan Dhivya , Govindasamy Rajakumar , Venkateswaran Arcot R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current World Health Organization (WHO) Hepatitis Elimination Strategy suffers from lack of a target for diagnosing or expunging occult HBV infection. A sizable segment of the global population has an undetected HBV infection, particularly the high‐risk populations and those residing in countries like India with intermediate endemicity. There is growing proof that people with hidden HBV infection can infect others, and that these infections are linked to serious chronic hepatic complications, especially hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the current diagnostic infrastructure in low‐resource settings, the WHO 2030 objective of obliterating hepatitis B appears to be undeniably challenging to accomplish. Given the molecular basis of occult HBV infection strongly linked to intrahepatic persistence, patients may inexplicably harbour HBV genomes for a prolonged duration without displaying any pronounced clinical or biochemical signs of liver disease, and present histological signs of moderate degree necro‐inflammation, diffuse fibrosis, and hence the international strategy to eradicate viral hepatitis warrants inclusion of occult HBV infection.
A place to speak and be heard? Parliamentary speech and media attention in Estonia, 2011–2019
Authors: Lupacheva Tatiana , Mölder Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile existing studies have addressed the importance of political profile for media visibility, far fewer works have examined how speaking in parliament is associated with media attention—an important mechanism in reaching out to voters. This paper tests how the amount and particularly the style of parliamentary speech are related to media attention. We employ a unique data set that covers all parliamentary transcripts for the 2011–2015 and 2015–2019 parliamentary terms in Estonia and online media content from that period (~ 2.7 million news articles). We assume that MPs can use parliamentary speech as a tool to foster personal attention. First, the results show that MPs who speak in parliament receive more media attention than those who do not, and speaking more means more media visibility. Second, the media pays more attention to rank‐and‐file MPs who use more negative, complex language and more singular and plural first‐person pronouns.
Applications of integrated response surface methodology statistic techniques and artificial neural network‐based machine learning to optimize residual chlorine production and energy consumption
Authors: Yimam Solomon Ali , Kang Joon Wun , Kassahun Shimelis Kebede 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA multifactor interaction study was performed using the combined response surface methodology and an artificial neural network on the operational parameters and their influence on residual chlorine production. The operating variables, sodium chloride concentration, electrical potential, electrolysis time, and electrode gap, were evaluated over the response, residual chlorine and energy consumption. The results indicated that the optimum value for residual chlorine was 2450 mg/L achieved at an electrical potential of 8.8 V for 25 min in the presence of 25 g/L of sodium chloride and an electrode distance of 1 cm, and the optimum corresponding energy consumption was measured at 21.76 kWh/L. The study reveals that electric potential, sodium chloride concentration, and electrolysis time positively influence residual chlorine production. ANN models showed superior prediction ability compared with RSM models. This suggests electrolysis can be used for active chlorine production from saline solutions, potentially for industrial applications and water disinfection.
Diagnostic values of contrast-enhanced MRI and contrast-enhanced CT for evaluating the response of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolisation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Xin , Wang Jukun , Luo Tao 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo assess and compare the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for evaluating the response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases were systematically searched from inception to 1 August 2023.Eligibility criteriaStudies with any outcome that demonstrates the diagnostic performance of CEMRI and CECT for HCC after TACE were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies. Study quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. The diagnostic performance of CEMRI and CECT for the response of HCC was investigated by collecting true and false positives, true and false negatives, or transformed-derived data from each study to calculate specificity and sensitivity. Other outcomes are the positive likelihood ratio/negative likelihood ratio (NLR), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for diagnostic tests and the diagnostic OR (DOR). Findings were summarised and synthesised qualitatively according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsThis study included 5843 HCC patients diagnosed with CEMRI or CECT and treated with TACE from 36 studies. The mean proportion of men in the total sample was 76.3%. The pool sensitivity, specificity and AUC of CEMRI in diagnosing HCC after TACE were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.96), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.98) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99). The pool sensitivity, specificity and AUC of CECT in diagnosing HCC after TACE were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.80), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93 to 1.00) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.88 to 0.93).ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study found that both CEMRI and CECT had relatively high predictive power for assessing the response of HCC after TACE. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of CEMRI may be superior to CECT in terms of sensitivity, AUC, DOR and NLR.
Hepatopancreaticobiliary Resection Arginine Immunomodulation (PRIMe) trial: protocol for a randomised phase II trial of the impact of perioperative immunomodulation on immune function following resection for hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancy
Authors: Behman Ramy , Auer Rebecca C , Bubis Lev , Xu Grace , Coburn Natalie G , Martel Guillaume , Hallet Julie , Balaa Fady , Law Calvin , Bertens Kimberly A , Abou Khalil Jad , Karanicolas Paul Jack 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSurgical stress results in immune dysfunction, predisposing patients to infections in the postoperative period and potentially increasing the risk of cancer recurrence. Perioperative immunonutrition with arginine-enhanced diets has been found to potentially improve short-term and cancer outcomes. This study seeks to measure the impact of perioperative immunomodulation on biomarkers of the immune response and perioperative outcomes following hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery.Methods and analysisThis is a 1:1:1 randomised, controlled and blinded superiority trial of 45 patients. Baseline and perioperative variables were collected to evaluate immune function, clinical outcomes and feasibility outcomes. The primary outcome is a reduction in natural killer cell killing as measured on postoperative day 1 compared with baseline between the control and experimental cohorts.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the research ethics boards at participating sites and Health Canada (parent control number: 223646). Results will be distributed widely through local and international meetings, presentation, publication and ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier:NCT04549662). Any modifications to the protocol will be communicated via publications and ClinicalTrials.gov.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT04549662.