bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered anti-CD70 antibody with multiple effector functions exhibits in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities
Authors: McEarchern Julie A. , Oflazoglu Ezogelin , Francisco Leigh , McDonagh Charlotte F. , Gordon Kristine A. , Stone Ivan , Klussman Kerry , Turcott Eileen , van Rooijen Nico , Carter Paul , Grewal Iqbal S. , Wahl Alan F. , Law Che-Leung 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAntigens expressed on malignant cells in the absence of significant expression on normal tissues are highly desirable targets for therapeutic antibodies. CD70 is a TNF superfamily member whose normal expression is highly restricted but is aberrantly expressed in hematologic malignancies including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin disease, and multiple myeloma. In addition, solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thymic carcinoma, meduloblastoma, and glioblastoma express high levels of this antigen. To functionally target CD70-expressing cancers, a murine anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody was engineered to contain human IgG1 constant domains. The engineered antibody retained the binding specificity of the murine parent monoclonal antibody and was shown to induce Fc-mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vitro. Further, administration of this antibody significantly prolonged survival of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing CD70+ disseminated human NHL xenografts. Survival of these mice was dependent upon the activity of resident effector cells including neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. These data suggest that an anti-CD70 antibody, when engineered to contain human IgG1 constant domains, possesses effector cell–mediated antitumor activity and has potential utility for anticancer therapy.
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of Fanconi anemia
Authors: Wagner John E. , Eapen Mary , MacMillan Margaret L. , Harris Richard E. , Pasquini Ricardo , Boulad Farid , Zhang Mei-Jie , Auerbach Arleen D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only known cure for the hematologic manifestations of Fanconi anemia (FA). Potential benefits of unrelated donor BMT for FA, however, have been severely limited by graft rejection and treatment-related mortality with resultant poor survival. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of potential prognostic factors on hematopoietic recovery, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and mortality in 98 recipients of unrelated donor BMT who received transplants between 1990 and 2003. Probabilities of neutrophil (89% vs 69%; P = .02) and platelet (74% vs 23%; P < .001) recovery were higher after fludarabine-containing regimens than nonfludarabine-containing regimens. Risks of acute GVHD (relative risk [RR], 4.29; P < .001) were higher with non–T-cell–depleted grafts. The day-100 mortality rate was significantly higher after nonfludarabine-containing regimens than fludarabine-containing regimens (65% vs 24%, respectively; P < .001). Corresponding 3-year adjusted overall survival rates were 13% versus 52% (P < .001). In addition, mortality was higher in recipients who were older (> 10 years), who were cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive, and who received more than 20 blood product transfusions before BMT. Based on these results, significant practice changes are suggested: use of a fludarabine-containing conditioning regimen in the context of T-cell–depleted marrow allografts, and earlier referral for transplantation prior to excessive transfusions in patients with marrow failure.
Laboratory tests of oviposition by the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, on dark soil as influenced by presence or absence of vegetation
Authors: Huang Juan , Walker Edward D , Otienoburu Philip E , Amimo Fred , Vulule John , Miller James R 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Physical objects like vegetation can influence oviposition by mosquitoes on soil or water substrates. Anopheles gambiae s. l. is generally thought to utilize puddles over bare soil as its prime larval habitat and to avoid standing water populated with vegetation. In Kisian, Kenya near Kisumu, water often pools in grassy drainage areas both during and after periods of infrequent rains, when typical puddle habitats become scarce because of drying. This raised the question of whether An. gambiae has the behavioural flexibility to switch ovipositional sites when puddles over bare soil are unavailable.

Methods
To test whether presence and height of grasses influenced oviposition, wild-caught gravid An. gambiae s. l. were offered paired choices between wet, bare soil and wet soil populated with mixed grasses or grasses of differing height. No-choice tests were also conducted by giving females either grassy soil or bare soil.

Results
In choice tests, females laid four times more eggs on bare, wet soil than soil populated with grasses. However in no-choice tests, egg output was not significantly different whether grasses were present or not. Females laid significantly more eggs on soil populated with short grass than with medium, or tall grass.

Conclusion
This work shows An. gambiae s. l. has the capacity to oviposit into grassy aquatic habitats when typical puddles over bare soil are unavailable. This knowledge will need to be considered in the design and implementation of programmes aimed at reducing malaria transmission by suppression of An. gambiae s. l. immatures.
Use of a Differential Pressure Transducer for the Monitoring of Soil Volume Change in Cyclic Triaxial Test on Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Cui Y-J , Tang A-M , Marcial D , Terpereau J-M , Marchadier G , Boulay X 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A new experimental setup using a differential pressure transducer was developed, that enables the monitoring of volume changes in cyclic triaxial tests on unsaturated soils. Calibration tests were performed in order to analyze the performance of the setup, especially in terms of loading frequencies. Based on calibration results, a low frequency of 0.05 Hz was adopted for the tests carried out on the unsaturated loess from northern France. Five levels of water content were considered in the tests. The obtained results have confirmed the efficiency of the new system for volume change monitoring under cyclic loading. The effect of water content on the cyclic behavior of loess was clearly evidenced. Finally, some suggestions were made to improve the accuracy of the system.
Development of a Silicon Calorimeter for Dosimetry Applications in a Water-Moderated Reactor
Authors: Luker SM , Griffin PJ , De Priest KR , King DB , Naranjo GE , Suo-Anttila JS , Keltner N 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
High fidelity active dosimetry in the mixed neutron/gamma field of a research reactor is a very complex issue. For passive dosimetry applications, the use of activation foils addresses the neutron environment while the use of low neutron response CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) addresses the gamma environment. While radiation-hardened diamond photoconducting detectors (PCD) have been developed that provide a very precise fast response (picosecond) dosimeter and can provide a time-dependent profile for the radiation environment, the mixed field response of the PCD is still uncertain and this interferes with the calibration of the PCD response. In order to address the research reactor experimenter's need for a dosimeter that reports silicon dose and dose rate at a test location during a pulsed reactor operation, a silicon calorimeter has been developed. This dosimeter can be used by itself to provide a dose in rad(Si) up to a point in a reactor pulsed operation, or, in conjunction with the diamond PCD, to provide a dose rate. This paper reports on the development, testing, and validation of this silicon calorimeter for applications in water-moderated research reactors.
An Evaluation of Stress-Strain Property Prediction by Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) testing
Authors: Prakash RV , Shin CS 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAutomated ball-indentation tests were performed on a duplex stainless steel (2205) and on a high-strength Al-Cu alloy (2014-T651) using a tungsten carbide (TC) spherical ball indenter to derive the materials' stress-strain parameters, which were validated with standard tensile specimen data. Test method and data analysis procedures, as proposed by Haggag et al. in a previous research publication, were followed. During analysis, we observed some interesting details, such as the existence of a linear relationship between the maximum applied compressive force and the plastic depth of penetration for a given material, a relationship between force and plastic diameter of indentation, and a unique relationship between plastic diameter of indentation and plastic depth of indentation, which is independent of the material being evaluated. The correlation between ABI derived stress-strain data and tensile stress-strain data was reasonable for duplex stainless steel, whereas the correlation was not good in the case of Al-Cu alloy 2014-T651. This work suggests the need to improve the formulations, taking into account the properties of indenter and indenting material, as well as the need to account for events such as sink-in and pile-up that take place during indentation.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1/CXCR4 Signaling Modifies the Capillary-Like Organization of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelium In Vitro
Authors: Chen Tong , Bai Hao , Shao Ying , Arzigian Melanie , Janzen Viktor , Attar Eyal , Xie Yi , Scadden David T. , Wang Zack Z. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate human blood vessel formation during early development are largely unknown. Here we used human ESCs (hESCs) as an in vitro model to explore early human vasculogenesis. We demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 were expressed concurrently with hESC-derived embryonic endothelial differentiation. Human ESC-derived embryonic endothelial cells underwent dose-dependent chemotaxis to SDF-1, which enhanced vascular network formation in Matrigel. Blocking of CXCR4 signaling abolished capillary-like structures induced by SDF-1. Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, disrupted the endothelial sprouting outgrowth from human embryoid bodies, suggesting that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a critical role in regulating initial vessel formation, and may function as a morphogen during human embryonic vascular development.
Serving undereducated adults: Community as learning center
Authors: Baker George A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHistorically, the undereducated adult learner has been on the fringe of community learning systems. Lack of mobility is often the factor that stands in the way of those who want to acquire needed skills. Greenville Technical College found a way to deliver its services to undereducated adult citizens and to make the community a learning center.
Hypocholesterolemia in chronic anemias with increased erythropoietic activity
Authors: Shalev Hanna , Kapelushnik Joseph , Moser Asher , Knobler Hilla , Tamary Hannah 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHypocholesterolemia of unknown etiology has been previously described in various chronic anemias. Few small studies also suggested that those patients have a lower incidence of atherosclerotic events. The aim of our study was to determine the extent of hypocholesterolemia in various types of anemias. We studied 59 patients with chronic anemias associated with high‐erythropoietic activity (thalassemia intermedia, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I, congenital spherocytosis), 8 patients with low‐erythropoietic activity anemias (acquired aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, and Diamond Blackfan anemia), and 20 healthy controls. Mean serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (STR), and serum erythropoietin levels were determined in each patient. All patients with chronic anemia and increased erythropoietic activity had hypocholesterolemia, whereas none of those with low erythropoietic activity was hypocholesterolemic. Mean serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly lower in the high‐erythropoietic activity group (80 ± 19 mg/dl; 31 ± 10 mg/dl; 35 ± 14 mg/dl, respectively) compared with the control group (P < 0.001; 0.001; 0.001, respectively) and the low‐erythropoietic activity group (P < 0.001; 0.001; 0.01, respectively). Significant inverse correlation (R2 = 0.507) was observed between serum cholesterol and STR levels, which in the absence of iron deficiency reflect bone marrow activity. Taken together, our results imply that hypocholesterolemia accompanies anemias with high‐erythropoietic activity. We suggest that the high‐erythropoitic activity‐associated hypocholesterolemia is due to increased cholesterol requirements by the proliferating erythoid cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and the possible clinical consequences of this phenomenon. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: An Outlook beyond the Anthraquinone Process
Authors: Campos‐Martin Jose M. , Blanco‐Brieva Gema , Fierro Jose L. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used in almost all industrial areas, particularly in the chemical industry and environmental protection. The only degradation product of its use is water, and thus it has played a large role in environmentally friendly methods in the chemical industry. Hydrogen peroxide is produced on an industrial scale by the anthraquinone oxidation (AO) process. However, this process can hardly be considered a green method. It involves the sequential hydrogenation and oxidation of an alkylanthraquinone precursor dissolved in a mixture of organic solvents followed by liquid–liquid extraction to recover H2O2. The AO process is a multistep method that requires significant energy input and generates waste, which has a negative effect on its sustainability and production costs. The transport, storage, and handling of bulk H2O2 involve hazards and escalating expenses. Thus, novel, cleaner methods for the production of H2O2 are being explored. The direct synthesis of H2O2 from O2 and H2 using a variety of catalysts, and the factors influencing the formation and decomposition of H2O2 are examined in detail in this Review.
Die Lehre von den Giften, in medicinischer, geschichtlicher und polizeylicher Hinsicht
Authors: Marx K. F. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Lehre von den Giften, in medicinischer, geschichtlicher und polizeylicher Hinsicht; von Dr. K. F. H. Marx, Professor der Heilkunde an der Universität Göttingen, Erster Band, erste Abtheilung. Die geschichtliche Darstellung der Giftlehre. Göttingen in der Dietrichschen Buchhandlung 1827.
Über die Oxydation einiger Hydroxypyridine, insbesondere des 2,5‐Dihydroxypyridins
Authors: Loth H. , Eichner K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie drei Monohydroxypyridine werden von Peroxydase und Wasserstoffperoxid nicht oxydiert. Von den sechs isomeren Dihydroxypyridinen wurde nur das 4‐Hydroxy‐pyridon‐(2) nicht angegriffen, während das 5‐ und das 6‐Hydropyridon‐(2) besonders leicht oxydierbar sind, wobei intermediär intensiv gefärbte Verbindungen entstehen. Zwei Zwischenprodukte der Oxydation des 5‐Hydroxypyridons‐(2) wurden isoliert und als 2,2′,5,5′‐Tetrahydroxy‐dipyridyl‐(6,6′) und 2,2′,5,5′‐Tetrahydroxy‐3,3′‐diaza‐diphenochinon‐(4,4′) oder seine tautomeren Formen identifiziert.
Coordination Behavior of Sterically Protected Phosphaalkenes on the AuCl Moiety Leading to Catalytic 1,6‐Enyne Cycloisomerization
Authors: Freytag Matthias , Ito Shigekazu , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMes*‐substituted 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diphosphabuta‐1,3‐diene, 1,2‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diphosphinidenecyclobutene, 2,2‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐1‐phosphaethene, and 3,3‐diphenyl‐1,3‐diphosphapropenes (Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) were employed as P ligands of gold(I) complexes. The (E,E)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diphosphabuta‐1,3‐diene functioned as a P2 ligand for digold(I) complex formation with or without intramolecular Au–Au contact, which depends on the conformation of the 1,3‐diphosphabuta‐1,3‐diene. The 1,2‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diphosphinidenecyclobutene, which has a rigid s‐cis PCCP skeleton, afforded the corresponding digold(I) complexes with a slight distortion of the planar diphosphinidenecyclobutene framework and intramolecular Au–Au contact. In the case of the 2,2‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐1‐phosphaethene, only the phosphorus atom coordinated to gold, and the sulfur atom showed almost no intra‐ or intermolecular coordination to gold. On the other hand, the 1,3‐diphosphapropenes behaved as nonequivalent P2 ligands to afford the corresponding mono‐ and digold(I) complexes. Some phosphaalkene–gold(I) complexes showed catalytic activity for 1,6‐enyne cycloisomerization without cocatalysts such as silver hexafluoroantimonate.
Bioavailability of fluvoxamine given with and without food
Authors: Van Harten J. , Van Bemmel P. , Dobrinska M. R. , Ferguson R. K. , Raghoebar M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe influence of concomitant food intake on plasma concentrations of the antidepressant drug fluvoxamine maleate was investigated in a two‐way, crossover study design. Eight male and four female healthy, young volunteers received a single oral dose of fluvoxamine maleate (50 mg, tablet) on two occasions: after an overnight fast and immediately after a breakfast. Food did not affect maximum fluvoxamine plasma levels (Cmax), or the time to reach Cmax (tmax). The plasma AUC of fluvoxamine was on average 7 per cent lower in the fed than in the fasted state. It is concluded that the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine is negligible.
In vivo evaluation of the semi‐simultaneous method for bioavailability estimation using controlled intravenous infusion as an ‘extravascular’ route of administration
Authors: Bredberg Ulf , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA recently proposed method for bioavailability estimation, called the semi‐simultaneous method, was evaluated in vivo in rats using methysergide as a test substance. In this method the test and the reference dose are administered with a short time interval and a model including the bioavailability parameters is fitted to the concentration‐time profile. In the present study, in order to control the true bioavailability, intravenous infusion was used to mimic extravascular administration and various input profiles were produced. Mono‐, bi‐ and triexponential disposition functions with the true and also various erroneous input models were fitted to the individual data sets. The models were also fitted to truncated data sets to mimic a situation where a long duration of sampling is precluded. A combined fitting‐deconvolution procedure was also applied. The simi‐simultaneous method gave precise and accurate estimates of the bioavailability in most groups and a robustness in the estimate concerning the model fitted was noted. The true input model could be identified for all data sets using common goodness‐of‐fit criteria. In the groups where a ‘flip‐flop’ situation was created (slower input than elimination) a poorer precision and accuracy and a higher sensitivity concerning the model fitted was observed. The model fitting and the fitting‐deconvolution procedure generally gave very similar results.
General education at Jefferson community college: Acountability and integrity
Authors: Ecker Patrick , Calhoun‐French Diane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn implementing the general education program at Jefferson Community College in Louisville, Kentucky, the faculty confronted the difficulties of ensuring the teaching of competencies across the curnculum, assessing the effects of general education, and maintaining a balance between integrity to the ideals of general education and account ability for specific requirements.
Development of a reexpandable covered stent for children
Authors: Horita Norihisa , Tomita Hideshi , Takamuro Motoki , Fuse Shigeto , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of covered stents in children is limited by the need for a large long sheath for delivery and the impossibility of redilation once implanted. The authors developed a reexpandable covered stent implantable in children through a small sheath and evaluated its clinical feasibility in mini piglets. An original Palmaz stent was covered with a polyurethane membrane that could be stretched up to 700%. Under general anesthesia, the authors implanted the covered stents in six mini piglets using a long sheath with a diameter approximately 1 French larger than the recommended size required to deliver an uncovered Palmaz stent. The implantation technique was similar to conventional stent implantation. In six piglets, the stent could be redilated from 7.5 to 8.7 mm 28–70 days after implantation. Macroscopic and microscopic examination showed intimal coverage of the coating with minimal inflammatory reaction around the stent. Our newly designed reexpandable stent covered with a polyurethane membrane is promising for use in children. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of aortic sinus to left atrial fistula caused by erosion of amplatzer septal occluder
Authors: Mahadevan Vaikom S. , Horlick Eric M. , Benson Lee N. , McLaughlin Peter R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne year after Amplatzer™ device closure of an atrial septal defect, an aortic to left atrial fistula was diagnosed in a patient who developed a new onset murmur with no other symptoms. The fistula was closed with a 4‐mm Amplatzer Septal Occluder™ during a transcatheter procedure, avoiding the need for cardiac surgical repair. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic utility of the two methods of ankle brachial index in the detection of peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities
Authors: Niazi Khusrow , Khan Tahir H. , Easley Kirk A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common disease that is diagnosed with a screening test called the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI). Different methods of ABI have been described in the literature. We wanted to estimate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of an alternative method of calculating the ABI (LAP ABI, low ankle pressure ABI) with the current method (named high ankle pressure (HAP)), using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard.Methods:We reviewed the records of all patients who had undergone DSA at a major academic center between August 2003 and October 2005.The study includes 107 patients/208 limbs. Inclusion criteria included patients with an ABI performed within 30 days prior to the DSA. Patients with noncompressible vessels and ABI >1.40 were excluded. Abnormal ABI was defined as ≤0.9 for both methods. Disease on angiogram was defined as the presence of 50% or more stenosis of any lower extremity artery from the aorto–illiac bifurcation to the ankle arteries.Results:The sensitivity of the HAP and LAP ABI for the diagnosis of PAD was 69 and 84%, respectively (P < 0.001). The specificity of the HAP and the LAP method was 83 and 64% respectively (P < 0.01). The overall accuracy of LAP ABI and HAP ABI was 80 and 72%, respectively.Conclusions:The LAP ABI has better sensitivity and overall accuracy in comparison to the HAP ABI to diagnose PAD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.