bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligand Effect in Hydrogen Adsorption on Epitaxial Nickel Films
Authors: Heinz Klaus , Hammer Lutz , Gumler Bernd , Meyer Wolfgang , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe adsorption structure of hydrogen on ultrathin epitaxial nickel films in pseudomorphic arrangement on the unreconstructed Ir(100) surface is investigated by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). This is highly interesting in the light of the fact that on Ni(100) adsorption is in hollow sites whilst on unreconstructed Ir(100) it is exclusively in bridge sites. On Ni films thicker than 1 monolayer (ML) the adsorption is in 4-fold coordinated hollow sites as it is on Ni(100). This is in spite of the considerable tensile strain of the Ni film (+8.9%) and is interpreted by the dominance of ensemble effects in the hydrogen bonding. In contrast, on the 1 ML Ni film on Ir(100), with iridium atoms being nearest neighbours to nickel atoms, there is occupation of both bridge and hollow sites of the nickel layer – a clear indication for the presence of ligand effects.
CO Oxidation over a Pt(100) Surface in a Ternary Gas Mixture of CO, NO, and Oxygen
Authors: Imbihl Ronald , Schütz E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Catalytic CO oxidation in a ternary gas mixture of CO, NO and O2 has been studied in the 10–5–10–4 mbar range using a Pt(100) sample as catalyst. Measurements of the reactive sticking coefficients of CO and NO are used to decompose the overall CO oxidation rate into the contributions from oxidation by NO and from oxidation by O2. The experiments are complemented by simulations with a realistic 7-variable model. The surface phase transition hex ↔ 1×1 and the inhibition of NO dissociation and O2 adsorption at high adsorbate coverages lead to significant hysteresis effects.
Synthesis, Structure, and Valency Verification of a Mn6
IIIO2-Cluster
Authors: Prinz Manuel , Raekers Michael , Neumann Manfred , Kuepper Karsten , Khanra Sumit , Weyhermüller Thomas , Chaudhuri Phalguni 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A new oxime-based hexanuclear MnIII complex containing the structural core [Mn6
III(μ
3-O)2] was synthesized through a general route. We describe the preparation and characterization of the manganese(III) complex [Mn6
III(μ
3-O)2(Salox)6(CH3CH2OH)4{(CH3)3CCOO}2] by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Therefore we offer the first core level XPS, and XAS reference spectra of polynuclear complexes comprising only Mn(III) ions in octahedral surrounding.
Size and Structure of Palladium Clusters Determined by XRD and HREM
Authors: Suleiman M. , Borchers C. , Guerdane M. , Jisrawi N. M. , Fritsch D. , Kirchheim R. , Pundt A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Scherrer formula is often applied to X-ray-diffraction profiles for the size determination of small size clusters. However, for small clusters this often leads to conflicting results in comparison to other methods. A series of Pd-clusters of different size is studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of size and structure on the results is presented and discussed in comparison with theoretical calculations. It will be shown that the different structure of small size systems are one main origin of the conflicts. The structure problem can be overcome by using Fourier Transform of the X-ray diffraction pattern. The importance of the knowledge of the cluster structure was demonstrated by showing its strong influence on the hydrogen solubility.
Slaying the Wagnerian Monster: Hindemith, Das Nusch-Nuschi, and Musical Germanness after the Great War
Authors: Haney Joel 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
With the devastation of the First World War, Germany experienced a traumatic loss of identification with values that had been central to its prewar culture, and these emphatically included musical values. In postwar German art music, this resulted in heavy irony toward the lofty philosophical claims and musical expressiveness that the later nineteenth century had bequeathed to prewar modernism. But it also occasioned bitter attempts to reassert those values, as exemplified by the polemics of Hans Pfitzner. Prominent on both sides of this debate, which found a medium in musical composition as well as musical discourse, were issues of national identity, nationalism, and the legacy of Richard Wagner.
One musical statement that attracted much notice early on was Paul Hindemith's burlesque opera Das Nusch-Nuschi, which premiered in Stuttgart in 1921. Hindemith, then beginning his rapid ascent in the postwar music scene, had based his opera on a Burmese marionette play that scandalously satirized Tristan und Isolde. There is considerable evidence of Hindemith's ironic engagement with Wagner throughout the war, and his opera—the postwar culmination of this trend—abounds with ironic evocations of Tristan.
Training a critical lens on Wagner's legacy, Das Nusch-Nuschi also resonates strongly with a position then being voiced by Paul Bekker, who spoke out against Pfitzner's Wagnerian hypernationalism and called for a decisive internationalist turn in postwar German composition. Specifically, Hindemith's opera sharpens its ironic, anti-Wagnerian tone by reaching beyond German modernism to embrace the Russian “neonationalism” of Igor Stravinsky.
“A Kind of Eloquence Even in Music”: Embracing Different Rhetorics in Late Seventeenth-Century France
Authors: Gibson Jonathan 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
French rhetoricians of the seventeenth century—among them François Fénelon, Bernard Lamy, René Bary, and René Rapin—brought about a profound shift in the landscape of their discipline. Their texts call into question the centrality of rhetorical figures (part of the elocutio), the dispositio, and other artful rhetorical precepts, while placing increased emphasis on delivery (pronuntiatio). In most cases, they realized this new emphasis via one of two novel approaches: the first relied upon a Cartesian taxonomy of the passions, whereas the second sought to abandon precepts altogether in the quest for transparent, or “Natural,” representation. Even while adopting contrasting methods, representatives of both approaches were unanimous in regarding rhetoric and music as sister disciplines. Furthermore, French musicians and rhetoricians alike rejected the prevailing idea that the relationship between these disciplines was hierarchical, with rhetoric the dominant sibling. This shift helps to explain why the notion that music “imitates” the structures and conventions of rhetoric, while popular in other regions, is to be found in no French source after ca. 1640. Yet, many recent studies continue to perpetuate such hierarchies, mapping onto musical works rhetorical concepts unknown or consciously avoided in France.
Relating a nuanced depiction of multiple French rhetorical practices to music-centered writings by Bacilly, La Croix, Lecerf, Grimarest, and others reveals that the very same aesthetic positions evident among rhetoric texts also shaped the era's discourse on music. More broadly, because no tradition existed in French musical discourse of articulating aesthetic matters until Lecerf's Comparaison de la musique italienne et de la musique française (1704–1706), the intersection of music and rhetoric offers a rare means of constructing an aesthetics of musical eloquence in seventeenth-century France.
Characterization of resistance to the prolactin-lowering effects of cabergoline in macroprolactinomas: a study in 122 patients
Authors: Delgrange Etienne , Daems Tania , Verhelst Johan , Abs Roger , Maiter Dominique 
Published: February 2009

ContextMacroprolactinomas poorly responsive to dopamine-agonists are often more aggressive and are usually termed ‘resistant’ but this clinical concept has always been defined empirically.ObjectiveTo define resistance to cabergoline (CAB) on the basis of a dose–response relationship established in a large series of macroprolactinoma patients and to assess the influence of gender and tumor invasiveness on the response to treatment.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-two patients (72 women and 50 men) primarily treated with CAB for at least 1 year were included. Main outcome measures were serum prolactin (PRL) and tumor size.ResultsNormalization of PRL was obtained in 115 out of the 122 patients (94%). The majority of patients (96/115, 83%) were controlled with a CAB dose ≤1.5 mg/week. Most of the other patients (19/26) had only a partial resistance, responding to a further increase of the CAB dose. Beyond the dose of 3.5 mg/week, there was no clear advantage in further increasing the dose instead of continuing the treatment at the same dose. Most tumors (98/119 assessable cases, 82%) showed a significant shrinkage during CAB treatment. It was more likely to occur in cases of PRL normalization. Both cavernous sinus invasion and male gender were significantly and independently associated with partial or complete resistance to treatment.ConclusionsMost macroprolactinomas primarily treated with CAB are adequately controlled with doses ≤1.5 mg/week. About 20% of patients, mainly men and/or those with invasive tumors will require a higher dose of CAB. We suggest defining such patients as resistant to CAB.
Do We Recover from Vacation? Meta‐analysis of Vacation Effects on Health and Well‐being
Authors: de Bloom Jessica , Kompier Michiel , Geurts Sabine , de Weerth Carolina , Taris Toon , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: February 2009

Do We Recover from Vacation? Meta‐analysis of Vacation Effects on Health and Wellbeing: Jessica de Bloom, et al. Department of Work & Organizational Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The NetherlandsObjectivesThe aim of this meta‐analysis is to investigate to what extent vacation has positive effects on health and well‐being, how long such effects endure after work resumption, and how specific vacation activities and experiences affect these relationships.MethodsBased on a systematic literature search (PsycInfo, Medline) and methodological exclusion criteria, in a stepwise approach, 7 studies were selected and reviewed. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated i) for every outcome variable within every study, ii) for every study by averaging the effect sizes per study, and iii) for homogeneous categories of outcome variables (exhaustion, health complaints, life satisfaction).ResultsThe results suggest that vacation has positive effects on health and well‐being (small effect, d=+0.43), but that these effects soon fade out after work resumption (small effect, d=–0.38). Our research further demonstrated that vacation activities and experiences have hardly been studied. Therefore, their contribution to vacation effect and fade out remains unclear.DiscussionProgress in future vacation research will depend on strong research designs that incorporate repeated measurements pre‐, inter‐ and post‐vacation.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Organizational Justice Questionnaire
Authors: Inoue Akiomi , Kawakami Norito , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Shimazu Akihito , Tsuchiya Masao , Ishizaki Masao , Tabata Masaji , Akiyama Miki , Kitazume Akiko , Kuroda Mitsuyo , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: February 2009

Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Organizational Justice Questionnaire: Akiomi Inoue, et al. Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoObjectivesPrevious European studies reporting low procedural justice and low interactional justice were associated with increased health problems have used a modified version of the Moorman's Organizational Justice Questionnaire (OJQ, Elovainio et al., 2002) to assess organizational justice. We translated the modified OJQ into the Japanese language and examined the internal consistency reliability, and factor‐based and construct validity of this measure. A back‐translation procedure confirmed that the translation was appropriate, pending a minor revision.MethodsA total of 185 men and 58 women at a manufacturing factory in Japan were surveyed using a mailed questionnaire including the OJQ and other job stressors.ResultsCronbach alpha coefficients of the two OJQ subscales were high (0.85–0.94) for both sexes. The hypothesized two factors (i.e., procedural justice and interactional justice) were extracted by the factor analysis for men; for women, procedural justice was further split into two separate dimensions supporting a three‐ rather than two‐factor structure. Convergent validity was supported by expected correlations of the OJQ with job control, supervisor support, effort‐reward imbalance, and job future ambiguity in particular among the men.ConclusionThe present study shows that the Japanese version of the OJQ has acceptable levels of reliability and validity at least for male employees.
Diffusion of Health Education Programs with Reference to Health Behavior Theories in Japanese Workplaces: Present Status and Future Plans
Authors: Fujii Hiroko , Muto Takashi 
Published: February 2009

Diffusion of Health Education Programs with Reference to Health Behavior Theories in Japanese Workplaces: Present Status and Future Plans: Hiroko Fujii, et al. Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of MedicineObjectivesThis study investigated the characteristics of health education programs and the health behavior theories used to establish more effective programs for Japanese companies.MethodsThe study surveyed 1,372 companies with 500 or more employees. In a cross‐sectional study, the characteristics of the health education programs were surveyed using a questionnaire, which included items regarding target lifestyle‐related diseases and lifestyle areas, and the health behavior theories used to develop the present status and future plans.ResultsOne hundred ninety companies responded giving a response rate of 13.8%. At the time of the survey, the most common diseases targeted for primary prevention were obesity (27.1%), hypertension (22.7%), hyperlipidemia (22.1%), and diabetes (22.1%). Approximately 60% of the respondents were implementing health education programs that targeted certain lifestyles, and the most frequently reported target lifestyles were diet (41.0%) and exercise (38.2%). At the time of the survey, 40% of respondents had implemented programs that included health behavior theory, and 55.6% were going to implement such program plans in the future, a significantly higher percentage than at the time of the survey.ConclusionsIn Japanese workplaces, it has been suggested that programs that include health behavior theories have not been implemented frequently enough, but such programs are expected to become more common in the future. The findings of this survey may be useful for planning health education programs using health behavior theories to establish more effective programs for Japanese companies.
Effects of SO2 on Respiratory System of Adult Miyakejima Resident 2 Years after Returning to the Island
Authors: Iwasawa Satoko , Kikuchi Yuriko , Nishiwaki Yuji , Nakano Makiko , Michikawa Takehiro , Tsuboi Tazuru , Tanaka Shigeru , Uemura Takamoto , Ishigami Ai , Nakashima Hiroshi , Takebayashi Toru , Adachi Mitsuru , Morikawa Akihiro , Maruyama Kouichi , Kudo Shoji , Uchiyama Iwao , Omae Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2009

Effects of SO2 on Respiratory System of Adult Miyakejima Resident 2 Years after Returning to the Island: Satoko Iwasawa, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio UniversityBackgroundMt. Oyama in Miyakejima Island erupted in June, 2000. All Miyake villagers were forced to evacuate from the island in September, 2000, due to continuous eruptions and emissions of unsafe amounts of volcanic gas, mainly SO2. From February, 2005, Miyake villagers returned to the island despite volcanic gas still being emitted.ObjectivesThis study examines the 2‐yr changes in Miyake residents' respiratory systems from autumn 2004 to November 2006.MethodsThe study population was 823 Miyake adult residents who participated in the health check‐up in 2006. Respiratory effects were evaluated by a questionnaire for respiratory symptoms and spirometry. SO2 has been continuously monitored at 7 sampling points of the inhabited area. The mean SO2 concentration from February 2005 to November 2006 was 0.031 ppm. The area was categorized into 4 areas by SO2 concentration, namely, areas L, H‐1, H‐2 and H‐3, where average SO2 concentrations were 0.019, 0.026, 0.032, and 0.045 ppm, respectively.ResultsThe study subjects showed no deterioration in lung function. Prevalence of cough and phlegm among all participants were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2004, and age‐, sex‐ and smoking‐adjusted odds ratios of cough and phlegm were 1.75 (95%CI 1.33–2.30) and 1.44 (1.12–1.87). Prevalence of chronic bronchitis‐like symptoms among normosusceptive subjects in 2006 was 4.1% which was significantly higher than that of 2.1% in 2004 (p=0.035). Compared to area L, the frequencies of phlegm and irritation of the nose were significantly increased in areas H‐2 and H‐3.ConclusionSO2 exposure‐related respiratory symptoms were observed in adult Miyakejima residents after returning to the island.
Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) Phthalate Upregulates ATF3 Expression and Suppresses Apoptosis in Mouse Genital Tubercle
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhang De‐Ying , Li Ya‐Sha , Xiong Jing , He Da‐Wei , Lin Tao , Li Xu‐Liang , Wei Guang‐Hui 
Published: February 2009

Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) Phthalate Upregulates ATF3 Expression and Suppresses Apoptosis in Mouse Genital Tubercle: Xing Liu, et al. Department of Pediatric Urology, Chongqing Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, ChinaObjectivesTo investigate the effect of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and apoptosis of fetal mouse genital tubercle (GT).MethodsIn this developmental toxicity study, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to corn oil or DEHP (100 or 500 mg/kg/ day) from embryonic day 12 (ED12) to ED16. Apoptosis was characterized by Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Using RT‐PCR and western blot, the expressions of ATF3 and apoptosis‐related genes (P53, Bcl‐2 and Bax) were investigated.ResultsApoptosis of fetal mouse GT cells notably decreased after DEHP treatment. DEHP activated ATF3 both at the mRNA and protein levels in GT. Furthermore, pro‐apoptotic P53 was down‐regulated and the ratio of anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐2)/pro‐apoptotic (Bax) was not significantly changed.ConclusionsThese results suggest that DEHP may induce external genital defects via a mechanism involving apoptosis, which might correlate with the regulation of ATF3 and P53 expressions.
High Temperature Stable Contacts for GaN HEMTs and LEDs
Authors: Pearton S.J. , Voss L.F. , Khanna R. , Lim Wantae , Stafford L. , Ren F. , Dabiran A. , Osinsky A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThere is continued interest in developing more stable contacts to a variety of GaN-based devices. In this paper we give two examples of devices that show improved thermal stability when boride, nitride or Ir diffusion barriers are employed in Ohmic contact stacks. AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated with Ti/Al/X /Ti/Au source/
drain Ohmic (where X is TiB2, ZrN, TiN, TaN or Ir) contacts and subjected to long-term annealing at 350°C. For GaN layers with an electron concentration of ∼3×1017 cm-3, the minimum specific contact resistance achieved is 6×10-5 Ω cm2 for Ti/Al/TiN/Ti/Au after annealing at 800°C. The specific contact resistance was found to strongly depend on the doping level, suggesting that tunneling is the dominant mechanism of current flow. By comparison with companion devices with conventional Ti/Al/Ni/Au Ohmic contacts, the HEMTs with boride-based Ohmic metal showed superior stability of both source-drain current and transconductance after 25 days aging at 350°C. The gate current for standard HEMTs increases during aging and the standard Ohmic contacts eventually fail by shorting to the gate contact. Similarly, InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes (MQW-LEDs) were fabricated with either Ni/Au/TiB2/Ti/Au or Ni/Au/Ir/Au p-Ohmic contacts. Both of these contacts showed superior long-term thermal stability compared to LEDs with conventional Ni/Au contacts.
Modeling and Fabrication of Cladded Ge Quantum Dot Gate Silicon MOSFETs Exhibiting 3-State Behavior
Authors: Jain Faquir C. , Gogna Mukesh , Alamoody Fuad , Karmakar Supriya , Suarez Ernesto , Chandy John , Heller Evan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents electrical transfer (Id-Vg) and output (Id-Vds) characteristics of a GeOx-cladded-Ge quantum dot (QD) gate Si MOSFET devices. In QD gate FETs, the manifestation of an intermediate state ‘i” makes it a 3-state device. The intermediate state originates due to compensation of increment in the gate voltage by a similar increase in the threshold voltage, which occurs via charge neutralization in the QD gate due to transfer of charge from the inversion layer to either first or second of the two QD layers.
Characteristics of Inter Poly Dielectric (IPD) Prepared by Plasma Oxidation Treatment of LP-CVD SiO2 Film
Authors: Kim Jung-hwan , Kim Yong-Seok , Jang Byong-Hyun , Namkoong Hyun , Lee Woo-Sung , Leam Hun-Hyoung , Nam Seok-Woo , Kang Chang-Jin , Ahn Tae-Hyuk 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo improve the IPD reliability of NAND flash memory, plasma oxidation was introduced as the post-treatment process of ONO (Oxide/Nitride/Oxide) IPD. The LP-CVD SiO2 modified by plasma oxidation showed the excellent electrical properties. e.g., low leakage current, high breakdown voltage etc. By the analysis of Tof-SIMS and XRR, we could observe the several changes of physical characteristics such as the reduction of impurities (H, N etc.), the increase of oxide density, and the improvement of oxide surface roughness. We found out the appropriate treatment condition to be able to densify oxide layer without the addition of ONO Equivalent Oxide Thickness (EOT). The LP-CVD SiO2 prepared by plasma oxidation was used for the ONO IPD of 50nm NAND flash device and also compared with the conventional LP-CVD SiO2 in the aspect of the IPD reliability.
Effect of Underlayer in the Growth of Ta2o5 Films Prepared using MOCVD Method for Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitors in RF-BiCMOS Technology
Authors: Paik Namwoong , Lau Kaman , Rajan Ajita , McDonald Margaret , Sun Hongjiang , America William , Mase Jerry , Bell Nancy , Codi Daniel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe properties of Ta2O5 thin films with respect to different underlayer stack have been investigated. At first, a set of samples were produced at various conditions as an underlayer of Ta2O5 film deposition. Then, Ta2O5 films were grown using a MOCVD method with Ta(OC2H5)5 pre-curser at 440 °C. The Process parameters for Ta2O5 films were remained same through the preparation of the sample set. The results were analyzed using various methods including thickness measurement, SEM, stress measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrical property measurements. Different grain structures and growth rates were observed with respect to the different underlayer preparation condition mainly as a function of deposition temperature. The deposition rate varied from 0.6 Åsec to 1.8Åsec depend on different underlayer. Crystalline Ta2O5 films with large-grain-size were obtained on Aluminum/TiN underlayer stack. Films with crystalline structure show better leakage current characteristics than the amorphous one.