bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time series analysis of glottal airflow in normal and pathological phonation
Authors: Shoji Kazuhiko , Mra Zan , Yu Jong‐Daw , Blaugrund Stanley M. , Isshiki Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTime series analysis of glottal airflow was carried out on 26 normal controls and 40 patients with voice disorders, using a modification of Isshiki's original technique which uses a hot‐wire flowmeter, taking cycle‐by‐cycle fluctuations into consideration. The mean flow rate and mean AC/DC were shown to have significant differences among normal and patient groups. The standard deviations of AC/DC and AC/DC perturbation were calculated from the AC/DC value of 50 cycles and shown not to vary significantly among the normal and patient groups. The relationship between AC/DC and perceptual impression of voice was also studied among 20 selected patients with breathy voices. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, this relationship was found to have statistical significance (P<.05).
Laser stapedotomy: A comparative study of prostheses and seals
Authors: Perkins Rodney , Curto Captfrank S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring the past 13 years, a number of prostheses of differing design and tissue seals have been used in laser stapedotomy for otosclerosis. This study compares the results of three different configurations of prostheses and tissue seals in a series of 53 patients. In 19, a platinum wire Teflon piston was placed in the laser stapedotomy fenestra and crimped on the long process of the incus; autologous venous blood was infiltrated into the oval window niche as a sealing mechanism. In 8 patients, a stainless steel bucket‐handle‐type prosthesis was used with a blood tissue seal. In 26 patients, a segment of autogenous vein was clad onto the bucket‐handle‐type prosthesis and placed into the laser fenestra. Two tissue seals (blood and vein) were also compared.The results were compared with regard to several audiometric parameters. It would appear that the bucket handle/vein configuration improves air‐bone gap closure in the low‐ and mid‐frequency speech range and also shows an advantage for air‐bone gap closure to 10 dB or less compared to the other configurations in this study. Mean postoperative gaps were significantly less for vein compared to the blood tissue seal. Physiologic and surgical implications are discussed, and the vein‐clad technique is illustrated.
Thermal effects on horseradish peroxidase uptake in laser nerve transections
Authors: Weiner Monica , Samonte Bernadette R. , Fried Marvin P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors previously reported that rat tibial nerves transected with CO2 or KTP/532 laser transmit less horseradish peroxidase (HRP) than those transected with a scalpel. This may be due to laser‐specific effects or to thermal phenomena that are laser‐independent. This study investigated potential thermal effects on the transmission of HRP through the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve in rats. Bilateral nerve transections were performed on 18 animals using a scalpel (control) or an electrocautery device, which simulated the thermal effects produced by lasers. HRP retrograde transport and deposition in the rat spinal cord were analyzed. Thirteen of 15 animals showed a higher number of HRP‐labelled neurons on the scalpel side compared to the electrocautery side; a paired student's t test showed a significant difference (P = .028) in the numbers of HRP‐stained cell bodies between the control group (x = 687.13 ± 119.3) and the electrocautery group (x = 388.1 ± 111.2). In conclusion, reduced HRP uptake in tibial nerves transected with lasers may be in part due to thermal effects produced by the lasers.
Advanced carcinoma of the tongue: Total glossectomy without total laryngectomy. review of 80 cases
Authors: Gehanno Pierre , Guedon Charles , Barry Béatrice , Depondt Joël , Kebaili Chedly 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOpinions are divided over the validity of total glossectomy without associated total laryngectomy for advanced carcinoma of the tongue. This retrospective study evaluates the oncologic and functional results obtained in 80 patients who underwent total glossectomy as a primary procedure or as salvage surgery. Satisfactory swallowing ability was obtained in 41 patients, and speech was understandable in 49 patients. The survival rate at 1 year was 65%, with early recurrence of the disease, which was especially frequent in patients with prior radiotherapy, being the major cause of death. The study confirms the poor prognosis of cases with mandibular involvement, and the fact that partial laryngectomy, when required, impairs functional results.In the light of the authors' experience, total glossectomy without total laryngectomy should only be undertaken in motivated and well‐supported patients able to accomplish the difficult rehabilitation process.
Do undergraduates' motives for studying change as they progress through their degrees?
Authors: Lieberman David A. , Remedios Richard 
Published: October 2006

Background. Research has suggested that students can approach their studies with different goals, one goal being to understand material (mastery) and another to obtain better grades than others (performance).Aim. The main aim of this study was to assess whether these goals change as students progress through their degrees.Sample. 1857 students at a Scottish university.Methods. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire as they waited to register for their courses. The questionnaire was based on an achievement motivation questionnaire developed by Elliot and McGregor (2001) to assess students' mastery and performance goals; there were also questions on students' expectations about their courses.Results. Students in years 2, 3 and 4 were substantially less likely to want to master their subjects than students in year 1. They were also more concerned with grades and less likely to expect to enjoy their courses.Conclusion. The decline in students' motivation to master their subjects raises potentially important questions about whether pressures for grades undermine students' interest in their studies.
Classification of generalized polarized manifolds by their nef values
Authors: Ohno Masahiro 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Let (M, ℰ) be a generalized polarized manifold, i.e., a pair of an n-dimensional smooth projective variety M and an ample vector bundle ℰ of rank r on M. Let τ be the nef value of a polarized manifold (M, det ℰ), i.e., the minimum of the set of real numbers t such that K

M
+ t det ℰ is nef; we have τr ≤ n + 1 by Mori's theory. In this paper we classify the pairs (M, ℰ) in the following two cases: (1) n − 2 ≤ τr and τ ≥ 1; (2) n + 1 − τr < τ ≤ 1.
Top keyword abridgements of short stories: A corpus linguistic resource?
Authors: Toolan Michael 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Interest in the application of corpus linguistic methods in literary linguistics grows apace. One simple use of Scott's Keywords procedure (from his Wordsmith Tools text analysis package) is here reported, since it may be of interest to analysts of narrative text. ‘Automatic’ abridgement of a short story, by selecting in their original sequence just those of its sentences in which the most key keyword occurs, creates a partial but semi-coherent and ‘resonant’ text (not an orthodox summary), where mostly incoherence might have been expected. The top keyword in a short story is most often a focalized character's name (or, as rare alternative, part of the narration's standard lexical means of naming and denoting a particular character). Perhaps a story's top keyword, in its sentential contexts of use, creates a form of foregrounding, a waymarking of more noticeable and noteworthy (not necessarily the most noteworthy) sentences, asserting or reinforcing those sentences' centrality to the developing situation (action and theme).
La moneda menuda en la circulación monetaria de la ciudad de México. Siglo XVIII
Authors: Quiroz Enriqueta 
Published: October 2006

The object of this article is to illustrate that in the eighteenth century there existed-at least in Mexico City-a much more active monetary circulation than was previously thought. To this end, minting levels during that period have been analyzed and a basic difference has been established between coined pieces and their worth. The volume of small currency has received special attention, because this is the currency that circulated in the daily market and was used to fix the prices of foodstuffs as well as to pay daily wages in the capital. In this article, the quantities of small currency have been estimated to be significantly large, which, together with the high volumes of basic goods sold in the city as well as the prices and consumption levels among its inhabitants, has cast doubt over the validity of a shortage of circulating currency during this time period.
El artículo intenta demostrar que existió en el siglo XVIII-al menos en la ciudad de México -una circulación monetaria mucho más activa de la que hasta ahora se ha aceptado. Con ese propósito se revisan los niveles de acuñación y se establece una diferencia básica entre valor y piezas acuñadas. De manera particular se identifica el volumen de moneda menuda acuñada, claro está, porque esta moneda era la que circulaba en los mercados cotidianos, y bajo la cual se fijaban los precios de los comestibles y se pagaban los jornales diarios en la capital. En el artículo se estiman importantes volúmenes de piezas de moneda menuda acuñada que junto a los altos volúmenes de productos básicos vendidos en dicha ciudad, los niveles de precios y de consumo entre los capitalinos, se pondría en duda la escasez de circulante.
Ambiguous Missionaries: Rural Teachers and State Facades in Guerrero, 1930-1950
Authors: Gillingham Paul 
Published: October 2006

This article analyses the role of rural teachers in state formation in Guerrero, from revolutionary reconstruction through Cardenista reform projects to the dawn of the postrevolutionary political system. It examines the ideological construction of the maestro rural as a reformist opponent of caciques and the poverty they were held to perpetuate; traces the cacical practices of many teachers in Guerrero; and questions teachers' efficacy as agents of rational/bureaucratic state expansion. In conclusion, the author considers the relevance of the history of education in Guerrero to broader assessments of education and state formation in modern Mexico.
Este artículo analiza el papel de los profesores rurales en la formación estatal en Guerrero, desde la reconstrucción revolucionaria a través de la reforma cardenista, hasta el inicio del sistema político postrevolucionario. Examina la construcción ideológica del maestro rural como un opositor reformista de caciques y la pobreza que estaban sometidos a perpetuar; traza las prácticas cacicales de muchos profesores en Guerrero; y cuestiona la eficacia de los maestros como agentes de expansión estatal racional/burocrática. Para concluir, el autor considera la relevancia de la historia de la educación en Guerrero para ampliar la valoración de la educación y formación estatal en el México moderno.
Decentralization under the Fox Administration: Progress or Stagnation?
Authors: Edmonds-Poli Emily 
Published: October 2006

When Vicente Fox came to power in 2000, many believed that decentralization of the Mexican political system would be one of the top items on his agenda. This essay examines Fox's efforts to transfer power to other branches and levels of government during his first three years in office. The main finding is that the current administration has not been more successful at promoting decentralization than its PRI predecessor. Moreover, states and municipalities have not embraced decentralization because they are ambivalent about bearing the financial and political costs of subnational independence.
Con la victoria de Vicente Fox en el 2000, muchos creían que la descentralización sería unos de sus proyectos de mayor prioridad durante su gestión. El presente ensayo analiza las iniciativas de Fox durante los primeros tres años de su gestión y demuestra que los recursos financieros tanto como el poder político siguen concentrados en las manos del gobierno federal. Fox no ha logrado descentralizar el sistema político, en parte, porque los estados y los municipios resisten el cambio.
A rapidly converging filtered‐error algorithm for multichannel active noise control
Authors: Berkhoff A. P. , Nijsse G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a multichannel adaptive control algorithm is described which has good convergence properties while having relatively small computational complexity. This complexity is similar to that of the filtered‐error algorithm. In order to obtain these properties, the algorithm is based on a preprocessing step for the actuator signals using a stable and causal inverse of the minimum‐phase part of the transfer path between actuators and error sensors, the secondary path. The latter algorithm is known from the literature as postconditioned filtered‐error algorithm, which improves convergence rate for the case that the minimum‐phase part of the secondary path increases the eigenvalue spread. However, the convergence rate of this algorithm suffers from delays in the adaptation path because adaptation rates have to be reduced for larger delays. The contribution of this paper is to modify the postconditioned filtered‐error scheme in such a way that the adaptation rate can be set to a higher value. Consequently, the scheme also provides good convergence if the system contains significant delays. Furthermore, a regularized extension of the scheme is given which can be used to limit the actuator signals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of electron beam irradiation and polyfunctional monomer loading on the physico‐chemical properties of polyethylene/polypropylene blends
Authors: Ali Z. I. , Youssef H. A. , Said Hossam M. , Saleh H. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDifferent polyethylene–polypropylene blends have been prepared in the presence of trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) monomer. The prepared polymeric samples were cured using an electron beam accelerator at different irradiation doses ranging from 5 to 50 kGy. The influence of loaded TMPTMA wt% and irradiation doses on the physico‐mechanical properties reveal that the gel content is higher for polyethylene‐rich blend and reaches its maximum values at 30 kGy. Moreover, incorporation of TMPTMA monomer was found to positively influence the gel content of all samples under investigation. On the other hand, the mechanical strength increases on increasing the irradiation dose and attains its highest value at 20 kGy; a more pronounced effect was observed due to incorporation of TMPTMA into isotactic polypropylene (iPP) than LDPE samples at low irradiation doses. However, higher irradiation doses have a deleterious influence on iPP or iPP‐rich blends. In addition to the physico‐mechanical properties, the influence of TMPTMA loading as well as irradiation doses on heat shrinkage parameters of the neat polymers and their blends have also been studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:208–217, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20072
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Thiazinen, 23. Mitt. Neuartige Umwandlungen an Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐thionen mittels Thionylchlorid
Authors: Hanefeld Wolfgang , Bercin Erdogan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐thione 1 wurden mittels Thionylchlorid in die teilweise isolierbaren 2,2‐Dichlor‐tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazine 2 überführt, die bei der Hydrolyse die Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐one 3, bei der Umsetzung mit Stickstoffbasen mit primären Aminogruppen die 2‐Iminotetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazine 4 ergaben. Durch Stickstoffabspaltung aus den 2‐Nitrosoiminotetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazinen 6 gelangt man ebenfalls zu den 2‐Oxo‐thiazinen 3, die zu den Sulfonstrukturen 7 oxidiert werden konnten.
Photosensitized Decomposition of Contraceptive Steroids: A Possible Explanation for the Observed (Photo)allergy of the Oral Contraceptive Pill
Authors: Sedee Aad , van Henegouwen Gerard Beijersbergen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe photo‐sensitized decomposition of the main steroids used in the oral contraceptive pill has been studied. Under the circumstances applied, 1 and 8 decomposed rapidly (t½ = 11.0±0.2 min for 1 and 5.7±0.4 min for 8). The decomposition product of 1 has been identified as 17α‐ethynyl‐10β‐hydroperoxy‐17β‐hydroxyestra‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one (2). The decomposition products of 1 and 8 were previously found in experiments in which the irreversible binding of these steroids to protein was studied. Photosensitized decomposition of the steroids may be the cause of (photo)allergic side‐effects of “the pill”.
Thiophen als Strukturelement physiologisch aktiver Substanzen, 14. Mitt. Die Synthese von 5‐[(5‐Methyl‐3‐thienyl)oxy]‐2(1H)‐pyrimidinon
Authors: Binder Dieter , Noe Christian R. , Leitner Adalbert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Synthese der Titelverbindung, welche ein Thiophenanalogon des antiulcerogenen Wirkstoffs Tolimidon (A) ist, wird beschrieben.
Die Kristallstruktur von Spiro‐bis‐pinnaketal, einer neuen Spiroverbindung aus Laurencia pinnatifida Lamouroux
Authors: Wiedenfeld Helmut , Knoch Falk , Koch Marlies 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus der Rhodomelacee Laurencia pinnatifida, Lamouroux, konnte eine neuartige Spiroverbindung isoliert werden, für die der Name Spiro‐bis‐pinnaketal vorgeschlagen wird. Die Kristallstruktur wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse festgelegt als (–)‐(1S,2′R,3R,5S)‐5,2′‐dimethyl‐1,2′‐dihydroxy‐ spiro‐(2,4,6‐trioxa‐bicyclo[3,3,0]octan‐3,3′‐tetrahydrofuran) bzw. sein Enantiomer.
Über die Bromierung von 5‐Benzylidenpyrrolin‐2‐onen
Authors: Stachel Hans‐Dietrich , Poschenrieder Hermann 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEs wird die Herstellung und Stereochemie einer Reihe von ein‐ und mehrfach bromierten 5‐Benzylidenpyrrolin‐2‐onen und ‐pyrrolidin‐2‐onen beschrieben. Einige der neuen Verbindungen sind Strukturverwandte von marinen Antibiotika.
Synthesen mit Nitrilen, 71. Mitt. Zur Synthese von 4‐Hydroxynicotinsäure aus Butadiendicarbonitrilen
Authors: Mittelbach Marti , Kastner Gabriele , Junek Hans 
Published: October 2006

AbstractKondensation von 1,1‐Dicyan‐2‐ethoxypropen‐1 (1) und Dimethylformamid‐dimethylacetal führt zu den Butadiendicarbonitrilen 2. Durch Reaktion von 2 mit Halogenwasserstoffen bzw. Ammoniak entstehen 4‐Alkoxy‐2‐halo‐(bzw. 2‐amino)pyridin‐3‐carbonitrile 3 bzw. 5. Katalytische Reduktion von 3 ergibt 4‐Alkoxypyridin‐3‐carbonitrile 8, welche durch Hydrolyse mit konz. Salzsäure 4‐Hydroxynicotinsäure (9) liefern.
Über ein neues Amantadinanalogon
Authors: Buchbauer Gerhard , Stefanich Maria , Haslinger Ernst , Robien Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAusgehend vom adamantanähnlichen 2‐Hydroxy‐8‐methyltricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridecan‐13‐on (1) wurde das neue amantadinanaloge Amin 4 synthetisiert. 4 besitzt eine schwache antivirale, aber keine antibakterielle oder antifungale Aktivität.
Konformere 3‐Oxa‐7‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanone und ihre Reduktionsprodukte
Authors: Haller Rolf , Ashauer Ulrike 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Konformation substituierter, isomerer 3‐Oxa‐7‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanone‐ (9) wird anhand von 13C‐NMR‐Spektren diskutiert. Die Reaktion mit Natriumborhydrid ergibt je nach Konformation des Ketons und Polarität der Reaktionslösung einen bzw. zwei epimere Alkohole. Die Konfiguration der Alkohole wird durch 13C‐NMR‐ und Massenspektren bestimmt.
Penetration von 8‐Methoxypsoralen in die Saugblasenflüssigkeit bei Ratten
Authors: Schäfer‐Korting Monika 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Konz. von 8‐Methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) in Blut und Saugblasenflüssigkeit (SBF) sowie in ausgewählten Organen wurden nach i.v. Injektion von 6,7 mg/kg an Ratten untersucht. Die Blutspiegel können mittels eines 2‐Kompartiment‐Modells beschrieben werden, der Verlauf der SBF‐Spiegel mittels einer Bateman‐Funktion. Es besteht eine enge Korrelation zwischen den Konz. in der SBF und den errechneten Mengen im peripheren Kompartiment (r = 0,94). 8‐MOP liegt in Plasma und SBF zu 85 bzw. 60% albumingebunden vor und verteilt sich homogen zwischen Plasma und Erythrozyten. In der terminalen Phase übersteigen die ungebundenen Konz. in der SBF diejenigen im Plasma. Auch der Konzentrationsverlauf in Haut und Muskulatur unterscheidet sich vom Blutspiegelverlauf; diese Organe sind Teil des peripheren Kompartiments. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Messung von 8‐MOP‐Konz. in der SBF eine geeignete Methode zur Bestimmung dieser Substanz an ihrem Wirkort ist. Bei Extrapolation der Ergebnisse auf die orale Gabe an Patienten ergeben sich keine Hinweise auf Unterschiede im Konzentrationsverlauf von 8‐MOP in Plasma und Haut.
Zur Reaktion von Phthalaldehyd mit Anthranilsäureestern
Authors: Görlitzer Klaus , Buß Dietrich 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn Abhängigkeit vom verwendeten Lösungsmittel wurden bei der Titelreaktion die (1+1)‐Addukte 3, die (2+1)‐Produkte 5 und die (2+2)‐Spirane 7 erhalten. Phthalaldehyd reagiert mit 4‐Aminobenzoesäureestern zu den Amidinen 19. Die Strukturen werden durch chemische und spektroskopische Methoden bewiesen.
Chromatographische Artefakte bei Arzneistoffen der 3,5‐Pyrazolidindion‐Gruppe, 2. Mitt. „Post‐Photoeffekt”︁ bei bestrahlten Kieselgel‐Fertigplatten
Authors: Takács Mihály , Kertész Piroska , Wiener Erzsébet , Reisch Johannes 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBestimmte Kieselgel Dünnschichten gewinnen beim Bestrahlen mit UV‐oder intensivem Sonnen‐Licht oxydierende Eigenschaften. Werden auf derartigen DC‐Platten z.B. Arzneistoffe der 3,5‐Pyrazolidindion(3,5‐PD)‐Gruppe (Phenylbutazon, Oxyphenbutazon, Kebuzon usw.) chromatographiert, erleiden diese teilweise, einige sogar völlige Zersetzung. Die bestrahlten Fertigplatten bewahren ihre Reaktionsfähigkeit tagelang; selbst dann, wenn sie vor dem Auftragen der Substanzen vakuumbehandelt oder mit Methanol gewaschen werden.Auf den unter Lichteinfluß oxydierend gewordenen DC‐Platten wandelt sich Phenylbutazon in 4‐Hydroxyphenylbutazon um. Mutmaßlich erleiden auch die anderen 3,5‐PD‐Verbindungen – soweit sie einen freien C‐4‐Wasserstoff besitzen‐eine C‐4‐Oxidation.
Potentielle Radiopharmaka zur Nebennierenszintigraphie, 2. Mitt. Zur Radioiodmarkierung von p‐Hydroxyphenylderivaten des Digitoxigenins, Dihydrodigitoxigenins und Scillarenins
Authors: Röder Erhard , Lütz Johannes 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAls potentielle Radiopharmaka zur szintigraphischen Darstellung der Nebennieren wurden p‐Hydroxyphenylderivate der Aglyka Digitoxigenin (1), Dihydrodigitoxigenin (2) und Scillarenin (3) hergestellt und radioiodiert.Die Genine werden durch Oxidation zur jeweiligen Ketostufe dehydriert und regioselektiv mit 2‐(4‐Lithiumphenoxy‐tetrahydropyran (18) zu den Verbindungen 7–9 umgesetzt. Diese werden unter milden Bedingungen durch Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe in die Verbindungen 34p‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐digitoxigenin (10), 3‐(p‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐dihydrodigitoxigenin (11) und 3‐(p‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐scillarenin (12) überführt. Der Einbau des p‐Hydroxyphenylrestes macht die Geninderivate einer schnellen Radioiodmarkierung zugänglich. Mit trägerfreiem Na131I konnte eine Aktivität von 10 bis 41 mCi iodmarkierten Produkts/mg Ausgangsmaterial erreicht werden.
Vinyloge Amidiniumsalze durch Einwirkung von Methyliodid auf sekundäre β‐Ketoenamine
Authors: Böhme Horst , Tränka Manfred 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVon Anilin oder Benzylamin abgeleitete sekundäre β‐Ketoenamine 1 reagieren beim Erhitzen mit überschüssigem Methyliodid zu N,N′‐Diphenyl‐ bzw. N,N'‐Dibenzyl‐4‐amino‐3‐penten‐2‐iminiumiodiden 2a bzw. 2b.