bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIURETIC ACTION OF LITHIUM CARBONATE IN RATS
Authors: Schreiber V. , Roháčová J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Water consumption and diuresis increased several-fold in rats chronically fed on a diet containing 0.2 % or 0.1 % lithium carbonate. Simultaneous hypometabolism produced by methylthiouracil feeding diminished polydipsia and polyuria. In acute experiments, polyuria decreased after the administration of high doses of vasopressin (2.5 U arginine vasopressin). The repeated administration of 2.5 U Pitressin tannate twice daily in these rats decreased polydipsia. In self-selection experiments, lithium carbonate – fed polyuric rats drank more 2 % NaCl solution than the controls.
DEPRESSION OF THE PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN WOMEN TREATED WITH SYNTHETIC GESTAGENS AFTER OVULATION
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Norethisterone1), norgestrel, chlormadinone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate was given orally from the third day after ovulation or later for various numbers of days to healthy young women. The day of ovulation was calculated from the urinary excretion of oestrogens and the plasma levels of progesterone. The daily plasma levels of progesterone and the length of the luteal phase was used to evaluate the effect of treatment during 32 cycles. All four tested gestagens produced a significant depression of the plasma levels of progesterone. The dose required varied with the gestagen used. The lowest total dose used to produce this decrease in the progesterone levels was for norethisterone 30 mg, for dl-norgestrel 12 mg, for chlormadinone acetate 300 mg and for medroxyprogesterone acetate 360 mg. Apart from the total dose the duration of treatment seemed to influence the result. As expected the onset of menstrual bleeding was delayed despite plasma levels of progesterone below 1 ng per ml when the treatment was prolonged. Chlormadinone acetate delayed menstrual bleeding more than medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethisterone or norgestrel. The depression of progesterone production is probably mediated through an inhibition of enzyme systems in the corpus luteum. No true luteolytic effect could be assigned to the compounds tested, as injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin caused an increase in the plasma levels of progesterone, indicating the capacity of the corpus luteum to produce progesterone despite the inhibition caused by the gestagens.
CHANGES IN ENZYMES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN RAT UTERUS DURING EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Surani M. A. H. , Heald P. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The enzymes phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) have been measured in rat uterus during the first 9 days of pregnancy. It was found that after implantation on day 6, the activities of PFK and PK (the key glycolytic enzymes) increased in terms of dry weight — and in terms of protein in the implantation sites, but decreased in non-implanted tissue. The pentose shunt enzymes changed similarly to those of the glycolytic enzymes. ICDH activity increased in the non-implanted tissue and decreased in the implanted tissue. Changes in malic dehydrogenase were extremely variable and did not show a consistent pattern.
Administration of Actinomycin D on day 6 of pregnancy abolished the increase in PK and PFK in the implantation sites and indeed led to a major decrease in activity. This implies that the increased PK and PFK in the implantation sites, arise from a DNA dependent RNA directed synthesis of new enzyme protein. The results are discussed in relation to the energy requirement of the decidualising tissue and the need for increased pentose for RNA synthesis. It is suggested that the extra NADPH resulting from the pentose shunt is involved in increased lipid synthesis.
THYROIDAL CONTENT OF THYROCALCITONIN IN LACTATING RATS
Authors: Baksi Samarendra N. , Anderson Ralph R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) content of thyroid glands was determined by bioassay in Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer rats at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of lactation and found to be 476, 523, 762, 553 and 564 MRC mU per gland (5 rats on each day of lactation). A control group of normal virgin rats had 438 MRC mU per gland. These experiments indicate that at day 10 of lactation TCT content of the gland is significantly (P < 0.05) higher than any other day. The possible explanation of TCT accumulation is that during lactation animals undergo a mild hypocalcaemia due to large amounts of calcium drain in milk. Hypocalcaemia and lack of hypercalcaemic stimulation of TCT secretion have been reported to cause TCT accumulation in the thyroid gland. Though gland content does not necessarily reflect secretory status of a hormone, it is possible that less TCT is discharged from the gland during the middle of lactation.
THE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE OF THE PLASMA PROLACTIN LEVEL TO OESTROGEN INFUSIONS IN DAIRY COWS
Authors: Schams D. , Karg H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prolactin in blood plasma samples obtained from cows was determined by radioimmunoassay. During infusion of 2 mg or 4 mg 17β-oestradiol/hour there was a depression of the prolactin level, which seemed to be pronounced during infusions of 6 or 12 mg 17β-oestradiol/3 hours. In the experiments in which 2-6 mg 17β-oestradiol were administered a 2-5 fold increase in the plasma prolactin concentrations occurred after the infusions were completed. In the experiment with 12 mg 17β-oestradiol the depression was sustained for 3 hours after infusion; the subsequent increase the next few hours was comparatively small.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY HYPERCALCAEMIA SEEN AFTER NEPHRECTOMY IN RATS
Authors: Jørgensen F. Schønau 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum was studied for 24 hours after nephrectomy in rats. An initial rise in calcium and magnesium concentration was seen whereas the phosphate concentration continued to rise. The early rise in serum calcium concentration was independent of the adrenal glands but the values after 24 hours showed subnormal serum calcium concentration in rats with intact adrenals and hypercalcaemia in rats in which the nephrectomy was done together with adrenalectomy.
Acetazolamide abolished the initial hypercalcaemia seen after nephrectomy without affecting the concentration of magnesium and phosphate. A rise in the serum calcium concentration after nephrectomy was also seen in parathyroidectomized and thyro-parathyroidectomized rats.
The results suggest that the initial rise in serum calcium concentration following nephrectomy is partly due to an increased parathyroid hormone activity and partly to an increased bone resorption probably induced by intracellular acidosis.
FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN OVARY DURING PREGNANCY AS REVEALED BY HISTOCHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE TECHNIQUES
Authors: Guraya Sardul S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The function of the human ovary during pregnancy has been determined by correlating the results of recent histochemical, biochemical and electron microscope studies on its various compartments such as the follicle, corpus luteum and stroma (or interstitial gland tissue), when exposed to an unusual steroidal and gonadotrophic environment. The cytological, histochemical and biochemical characteristics of the theca interna cells of developing follicles, the theca lutein and granulosa lutein cells of the corpus luteum and highly developed interstitial gland cells of thecal origin, which are hyperstimulated during the later stages of pregnancy, have been shown to constitute the sites for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Their function is most likely to be the secretion of steroid hormones rather than the storage of hormone precursor (cholesterol-containing lipids) as a result of high levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG); this has been strongly supported by the direct analysis of multiple steroid secretions collected from the ovarian vein during pregnancy. The subcellular basis of steroid hormone synthesis has also been briefly discussed.
In addition to the theca interna, theca lutein, granulosa lutein and interstitial gland cells (which are active steroid secretors), many cells are seen with foamy cytoplasm filled with lipids. These are the senescent cells which are refractory to HCG available in abundance during pregnancy. A suggestion has also been made that further comparative studies of morphological and biochemical responses of ovarian compartments as well as of their steroidal secretions during pregnancy are of considerable biological interest and form a most promising field of future research.
METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANDROGENS IN TARGET TISSUES OF MALE RATS
Authors: Buric L. , Becker H. , Petersen C. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Either 0.7 μg [1,2-3H] testosterone* (51 Ci/mm) or 0.8 μg [1,2-3H] 5α-dihydrotestosterone (44 Ci/mm) was administered intravenously to normal adult male rats 3, 7, and 12 days after castration. 30 min after the injection, the animals were sacrificed. Total radioactivity counting was performed on aliquots of extracts of blood, peripheral muscle, prostates and seminal vesicles. In a first TCL the extracts were separated into five fractions. Further purification by acetylation and repeated chromatographic procedures revealed, that fraction C consisted of about 90 % of testosterone, fraction D of varying amounts of 5α- and 5β-DHT, fraction E of androstanedione and androstenedione, and fraction B mainly of androstanediols. The following results should be mentioned: 1. The radioactivity uptake by the accessory sex organs was significantly higher than that of skeletal muscle. The highest values were found on day 3 after castration. 5α-DHT under all conditions produced higher concentrations in the target tissues than testosterone, whereas in skeletal muscle the opposite was found. 2. After testosterone administration testosterone was very efficiently converted to 5α-DHT in target organs. Nevertheless substantial amounts of testosterone and of androstanedione and androstanediols are present. In blood, however, only small amounts of labelled 5α-DHT were found. After 5α-DHT administration, in target organs, 5α-DHT was converted to androstanedione and androstanediols up to about 20%. In blood the bulk of radioactivity was related to the androstanediol fraction. No conclusion therefore can be drawn from the data obtained in blood on the metabolic events occurring in the target organs. 3. The sequence of metabolic events in the target tissues supports the concept of a preferred 17-hydroxy pathway and a lack of 5β-reductase.
METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANDROGENS IN TARGET TISSUES OF MALE RATS
Authors: Schmidt H. , Noack I. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone on protein and nucleic acid content as well as on the activities of some enzymes has been studied in the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicles of immature castrated rats. Both androgens were given intraperitoneally in doses of 1 mg daily for one or three days the rats were sacrificed one day after the last injection. In the prostate it was found that 5α-dihydrotestosterone had a greater effect on DNA increase, i. e. cell proliferation than testosterone, whereas cell metabolism was stimulated by the two androgens to nearly the same extent. In the seminal vesicles a single dose led to the same results as had been obtained in the prostate, i. e. a greater cell proliferative action of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and an equal stimulation of cell metabolism by testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone was also observed. When three doses of the two androgens were given, cell proliferation as well as cell metabolism in the seminal vesicles were significantly more increased after 5α-dihydrotestosterone than after testosterone. The difference of action after systemic administration of the two androgens is explained by their different accumulation and by their different peripheral metabolism in the target tissues. From the partly independent effects of various androgens on cell proliferation and cell metabolism the conclusion may be drawn that there exist at least two intracellular sites of action.
ASPECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS. II
Authors: Mølsted-Pedersen Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 23 infants of diabetic and 23 infants of non-diabetic mothers the disappearance rate of glucose (K value) was determined 1–6 hours after birth as well as on the 5th day of life.
In the normal group the K value increased from birth up to the 5th day of life, while on the other hand infants of diabetic mothers showed a marked decrease in K values over the same period.
Furthermore, a negative correlation between neonatal changes in K value and birth weight was found in the diabetic as well as in the non-diabetic group.
As a consequence of these alterations, the mean K value on the 5th day of life was no longer significantly different in infants of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers.
EFFECT OF OXYTOCIN AND ADRENERGIC DRUGS ON BOVINE REPRODUCTION
Authors: Auletta F. J. , Currie G. N. , Black D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oxytocin (100 U.S.P. Units) injected into cows from Day 3 through 6 post-oestrum caused short oestrous cycles (8.7 days). When superimposed on oxytocin treatment, norepinephrine (6–10 μg/kg) inhibited the oestrous cycle shortening effect of oxytocin (16.8 days), while isoproterenol (3 μg/kg) was ineffective (11.3 days).
The concentration of progesterone in jugular vein blood on Day 4 through 8 post-oestrum was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Progesterone levels on Day 4 through 6 post-oestrum, regardless of treatment, were not significantly different (P > 0.05). On Day 7, progesterone decreased significantly in the oxytocin and oxytocin + isoproterenol groups; in animals treated with oxytocin + norepinephrine the progesterone concentration increased significantly over other means (P < 0.01). These data support the idea that norepinephrine, an alpha adrenergic stimulant, inhibits the luteolytic action of oxytocin and isoproterenol, a beta adrenergic stimulant, is ineffective.
FSH AND LH LEVELS IN THE INTACT AND UNILATERALLY OVARIECTOMIZED CYCLING RAT
Authors: Peppler Richard D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intact 5-day cycling rats were killed between 8–10 a. m. on each day of the oestrous cycle; experimental rats were unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) at 9 a. m. on day 1 (oestrus) and killed between 8 and 10 a. m. on days 2, 3, 4 or 1 of the subsequent cycle. Pituitary and plasma concentrations of FSH and LH were measured in both groups of rats. Pituitary FSH concentration was measured by the Steelman-Pohley method with slight modification; plasma FSH by the Igarashi-McCann assay and pituitary and plasma LH concentration by the OAAD method.
In intact rats, pituitary FSH values remained constant for the first three days of the cycle, increased on day 4 and reverted to early cycle values by day 5. Plasma FSH increased between days 2 and 3 and days 5 and 1. Pituitary LH concentration remained the same for days 1 and 2; increased two-fold on days 3 and 4, and increased further by day 5. Plasma LH increased between days 2 and 3; other differences between successive cycle days were not apparent.
Following ULO on day 1, pituitary FSH increased steadily, but not significantly, for the remaining cycle. Plasma FSH did not change from day 2 through day 1 of the subsequent cycle. Pituitary LH remained low on day 2, increased sharply by day 3 and decreased (50 %) by day 4. Plasma LH also increased between days 2 and 3. Other differences between successive days following unilateral ovariectomy on day 1 were not apparent.
Correlation of gonadotrophin activity with follicular development suggests that the mechanism of compensatory ovulation in the rat may be one of an increase in time of exposure to a constant gonadotrophic level for the duration of the oestrous cycle rather than to increased levels of the gonadotrophin.
A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND OF THE GOLDEN HAMSTER
Authors: Seibel Hugo R. , Knigge Karl M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three procedures were used to stimulate thyroid function in the golden hamster 1) administration of thyrotrophin (TSH), 2) propylthiouracil (PTU) feeding; and 3) cold exposure. In the three experimental conditions, the composite of functional and morphological responses of the thyroid gland differed. Thyroid glands of TSH and PTU-treated hamsters, but not cold-exposed animals were characterized by marked increase in weight, due predominantly to increase in mass of epithelial cells; follicular epithelial cells of TSH and PTU-treated glands exhibited striking expansion and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and enlargement of the Golgi apparatus. These structural changes were not necessarily concomitants of increased thyroid hormone synthesis, since they were exhibited by glands from PTU-treated animals. Glands of TSH and PTU-treated animals also displayed marked increases in the number of microvilli and apical vesicles. Comparable increases were not seen in cold-exposed animals, even though some functional criteria of activity suggested that these glands were under the influence of TSH. The significance of this is discussed.
THE CONTENT OF THYROID HORMONES AND OTHER IODINATED COMPOUNDS IN THYROID TISSUE IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Lamberg B.-A. , Mäenpää J. , Kivikangas V. , Karlsson R. , Saarinen P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The total iodine content and the content of iodocompounds in the thyroid gland were studied in 9 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. The thyroids were labelled in vivo with radioactive iodine before surgical biopsy. Five grams of tissue were homogenized and the iodocompounds were separated both by paper chromatography and on a cellulose column. The distribution profile of both the radioactive and the stable compounds was determined. The thyroid tissue contained on an average 11.0 ± 8.0 (sd) per cent of radioactive and 15.0 ± 9.4 per cent of stable iodothyronines. The MIT/DIT ratio was 1.16 ± 0.26 for the radioactive and 0.92 ± 0.30 for the stable compounds. Clinically evident hypothyroidism occurred only in patients with a very low iodine content and was not correlated with the proportion of iodothyronines found in the thyroid tissue. For instance, in two hypothyroid patients the iodothyronines corresponded to about 20 per cent of the iodocompounds of the tissue. These findings suggest that iodine depletion of the thyroid gland plays an important role in the development of clinical hypothyroidism in autoimmune thyroiditis and that up to a very late stage of the disease the thyroid is evidently capable of producing iodothyronines in fairly normal proportions.
INFLUENCE OF MAJOR SURGICAL STRESS ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, PLASMA LH AND URINARY STEROIDS
Authors: Monden Y. , Koshiyama K. , Tanaka H. , Mizutani S. , Aono T. , Hamanaka Y. , Uozumi T. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone levels were determined in 42 male patients both before 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks following pulmonary lobectomy. The plasma LH was measured in 13 of the 42 patients. There was a significant fall in the plasma levels of testosterone 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the pulmonary lobectomy but the levels returned to the control values from the fourth post-operative week onward. On the other hand, the level of plasma LH increased significantly one week after the operation when the plasma testosterone showed the most marked decrease.
The urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS were measured in 27 of the 42 male patients, both before and 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the operation. The total 17-KS was found to be significantly decreased 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the operation. The post-operative decrease resulted from a significant decrease in the excretion of C19O2-17-KS on the seventh postoperative day but thereafter the decrease mainly resulted from a decrease in C19O3-17-KS.
It is suggested that testosterone secretion from the testes seems to decrease for 3 weeks after major surgery. The decrease in the excretion of 17-KS observed after this post-operative period is caused by a decrease in the excretion of metabolites from adrenal androgens.
DER TESTOSTERON- UND ANDROSTENDIONGEHALT IM EBERHODEN IN ABHÄNGIGKEIT VOM ALTER
Authors: Elsaesser F. , König A. , Smidt D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone and androstenedione were determined in the testes of 56 boars ranging in age from 2 to 20 weeks and in one 40-week-old animal. The testes were homogenized in 1 n NaOH in order to prevent enzymatic conversion of androstenedione to testosterone during analysis. The steroids were measured using TLC and gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionisation detection. Relatively high levels were found in 2-week-old animals (about 1 μg androgen/g tissue), the physiological significance of which remains to be explained. Continuing until onset of puberty, the testicular content of both androgens decreased markedly. From 10 weeks to 20 weeks the values increased, but there were considerable variations between one age group and another and even between animals of the same age. The highest testosterone content (0.25 μg/g tissue) was present in the testes of a 40-week-old boar, whereas androstenedione in this animal was so low that it was unmeasurable. Amounts of epitestosterone of similar order of magnitude of testosterone were estimated in 2- to 5-week-old animals and in the mature boar. The ratio of testosterone to androstenedione was about unity with a decreasing tendency until week 6, during puberty this ratio varied considerably and was about 10:1.
THE MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN WOMEN WITH AMENORRHOEA TREATED WITH GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Robertson D. M. , Steele S. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestradiol and progesterone were measured in plasma of infertile women treated with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). A total of 27 courses of treatment from 4 women were investigated. Plasma oestradiol was determined by a double competitive binding method and progesterone by competitive binding to corticosterone binding globulin.
A relationship exists between the levels of plasma oestradiol in the follicular phase and the occurrence of ovulation as determined by plasma progesterone measurements in the luteal phase. Ovulation was not detected unless the oestradiol levels were in excess of 30 ng/100 ml plasma on the 7th day of treatment. The value of monitoring women undergoing gonadotrophin treatment by this procedure is discussed.