bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: Effects of Feeding Colostrum from Vaccinated Cows on Development of Pinkeye in Calves
Authors: Pugh G. W. , McDonald T. J. , Kopecky K. E. , Beall C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) was done to determine whether calves fed colostrum from vaccinated (prepartum) cows would have increased resistance to ibk after challenge exposure with a virulent homologous culture of Moraxella bovis. Neonatal calves were allotted to 4 groups: group I—nonvaccinated and fed colostrom from nonvaccinated cows; group II—vaccinated and fed colostrum from nonvaccinated cows; group III—not vaccinated and fed colostrum from vaccinated cows; and group IV—vaccinated and fed colostrum from cows vaccinated with a pilus vaccine of Μ bovis. All calves were given challenge-exposure inoculum when calves in group I had a mean age of 67.75 days, calves in group II had a mean age of 67.60 days, calves in group III had a mean age of 71.86 days, and calves in group IV had a mean age of 73.70 days.
After challenge exposure, the percentage (46.43%) of the eyes resistant to ibk was greater in calves (groups III and IV) fed colostrum from vaccinated cows than was that of the eyes (19.44%) in calves (groups I and II) fed colostrum from nonvaccinated cows (P = 0.021). The larger percentage (38.24%) of the eyes resistant to ibk was larger but not highly significant (P = 0.156) in vaccinated calves (groups II and IV) than was that of the eyes (23.33%) in nonvaccinated calves (groups I and III). The severity of signs of ibk in the eyes of calves (groups III and IV) fed colostrum from vaccinated cows was significantly less (P = 0.032) than was the severity of signs in eyes of calves (groups I and II) fed colostrum from nonvaccinated cows. The lesions in the eyes of vaccinated calves (groups II and IV) were not significantly (P = 0.157) less severe than were the lesions in the eyes of nonvaccinated calves (groups I and III).
The overall results indicate that neonatal calves given colostrum from vaccinated cows would have some protection against ibk.
Recovery from Clinical Rabies of 2 Dogs Inoculated with a Rabies Virus Strain from Ethiopia
Authors: Fekadu Makonnen , Baer George Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two dogs, inoculated with a strain of rabies virus from Ethiopia, showed typical signs of rabies 8 days after inoculation. After 3 or 4 days with a deterioration in the physical condition, both animals began to recover, as shown by increased muscular movements, reaction to stimuli, awareness of surroundings, and attempts to rise. Both animals recovered completely, although 1 then died of Pseudomonas bacterial pneumonia. An increase in serum-neutralizing antibody and in csf or brain-neutralizing antibody was noted in both animals. Such concentrations have been noted only in animals or persons that recovered from rabies.
Nitrogen Requirement of the Kitten
Authors: Anderson P. A. , Baker D. H. , Sherry P. A. , Corbin J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three experiments were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) requirement of the young kitten. The feline basal diet contained minimal requirement levels of each indispensable amino acid (iaa) to comprise a total dietary N concentration of 2.52% and an iaa N to dispensable amino acid (daa) N ratio (I/D) of 0.70. In experiments 1 and 2, both the dietary N concentration and I/D ratio were varied through changes in either the daa level (experiment 1) or iaa level (experiment 2). The resutts revealed that a reduction in either dietary N or in I/D ratio from basal levels (ie, 2.52% N and I/D ratio of 0.70) depressed (P < 0.05) kitten weight gain, feed efficiency, and N retention, whereas simultaneous increases in each resulted in no further improvement in these responses. Comparison of this feline basal diet with a commercial ration (experiment 3) revealed no differences (P < 0.10) in gain, gain/feed, or N retention, although the purified diet showed superiority (P < 0.01) when gain/N intake was determined (13.3 vs 5.7). Therefore, the feline dietary N requirement has been estimated to be 2.52% (15.75% protein equivalent) or 16% of the calories as protein.
In the process of these experiments, creatinine and orotic acid excretion from kittens fed the purified diet were constant, averaging (± sem) 24.7 ± 0.7 mg/kg of body weight and 9.95 ± 2.3 μg/mg of creatinine, respectively. Urea-N and ammonia-N comprised approximately 83.0% and 3.8% of the total urinary nitrogen.
Canine Leptospirosis in Detroit
Authors: Thiermann A. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Among 433 stray dogs in Detroit, Michigan, surveyed for leptospiral agglutinins, 164 (37.8%) had significant titers to 1 or more leptospiral serotypes; from 123 suburban stray dogs tested, 23 (18.7%) had significant titers. The use of 2-mercaptoethanol on positive serum samples was helpful in identifying acute from chronic phase titers. Cross-reaction patterns also were clarified by the use of 2-mercaptoethanol.
Cultural isolation of leptospires from dog urine was unsuccessful unless the urine had a pH from 6.6 to 8.0. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize dog's urine resulted in the isolation of leptospires from dogs usually voiding acidic urine.
Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common serotype in this dog population by serologic techniques and was the only one isolated in culture.
Determination of Incidence Rates for Chronic Mastitis Using Heifer Prevalence Data
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two methods for calculating the incidence rate for staphylococcal mastitis were investigated, using prevalence data among heifers. A method utilizing bacteriologic culture results from prevalence surveys, clinical cases, and fresh heifers was more sensitive in determining incidence rates than was a method utilizing results from serial prevalence surveys only.
Lactic Acidosis and Arterial Hypoxemia During Sublethal Endotoxemia in Conscious Ponies
Authors: Moore J. N. , Garner H. E. , Shapland J. E. , Hatfield D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of a sublethal iv dose (10 μg/kg of body weight) of Escherichia coli endotoxin were studied in 7 conscious ponies. Arterial blood gases and plasma lactic acid were determined periodically throughout the 180 minutes of the study. Arterial hypoxemia occurred within 5 minutes despite intense hyperventilation. Colic and diarrhea occurred in all ponies within 30 minutes after endotoxin administration. Metabolic acidosis developed within 30 minutes and persisted throughout the study, indicating widespread reduced tissue perfusion.
Serologic Responses of Pregnant Thoroughbred Mares to Vaccination with an Inactivated Equine Herpesvirus 1 Vaccine
Authors: Bryans John T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The immunogenic potency and safety of a chemically inactivated equine herpesvirus 1 vaccine with added adjuvant was evaluated by testing serum-neutralizing and complement-fixation antibody responses of pregnant Thoroughbred mares. The vaccinated population comprised 321 pregnant mares on 7 farms; 3 in Normandy, France; 1 in Kildare, Ireland; and 3 in central Kentucky. The pattern of antibody response to vaccination was found qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of pregnant mares previously vaccinated and determined by challenge exposure to be immune to abortigenic infection under experimentally controlled conditions. The safety of the vaccine was demonstrated by the occurrence of only 2 local untoward reactions to the administration of 941 im injections.
Plasma Progesterone Concentration in the Bovine Before Abortion or Parturition in Pregnant Animals Exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi, Campylobacter fetus, or Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Baetz Albert L. , Barnett Dean , Bryner John H. , Cysewski Sigmund J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pregnant cows in the 4th to 5th month of the gestation were exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi, Campylobacter fetus, or Aspergillus fumigatus. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined at intervals from before the cows were exposed until they had aborted or calved. The plasma progesterone concentration of the exposed pregnant cattle remained at 3.95 ± 2.0 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition, when it decreased to below 1.00 ng/ml. This pattern was similar for cattle exposed to each of the infective agents. Thus, changes in progesterone concentrations in bovine plasma cannot be used as a diagnostic tool for fetal distress or fetal death.
Evaluation of an Enzyme-Labeled Antiglobulin Test for Anti-Brucella Immunoglobulin G Among 3 Cattle Populations
Authors: Stemshorn B W. , Nielsen K. H. , Samagh B. S. , Forbes L. B. , Ingram D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antibody to smooth Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide antigen on the surface of polystyrene tubes was detected with peroxidase-labeled antibody against bovine immunoglobulin G. The enzyme-labeled antiglobulin test (elat) activity of samples was expressed in arbitrary units/0.01 ml by reference to a standard curve based on tests of dilutions of a positive serum pool. Reactions > 3.0 U/0.01 ml were classified positive because specificity at this level was 99.8% (417/418 samples correctly classified negative) with agglutination test-negative sera from 33 Brucella-free herds. Results of the elat were compared with results of agglutination tests and the complement-fixation test (cft), using 430 sera from cattle in 7 infected herds. Activity of > 5.0 elat U/0.01 ml was detected in all 54 sera classified as positive (titer > 1:10) by the cft, including 5 sera classified as negative by the tube agglutination test. Sera from 8 nonvaccinated cows in the infected herds reacted only by the elat, whereas reactions were obtained with 25 and 5 sera by only agglutination tests and the cft, respectively. The elat and cft results were in agreement for 25 of 26 sera from agglutination test-reactor cattle in herds of unknown status. Comparisons of milk ring and whey agglutination tests with the whey elat on 146 quarter samples from cows in an infected herd revealed no elat activity ≥1.0 U/0.01 ml in the 73 samples considered negative by the 2 other tests. Samples (n = 47) that contained ≥ 1.0 elat U/0.01 ml included all (n = 40) samples with milk ring or whey agglutination titers ≥ 1:16 and ≥ 32, respectively, and 7 samples that gave weaker reactions to the latter tests.
Canine Anatomy as Assessed by Computerized Tomography
Authors: Fike John R. , Druy Edward M. , Zook Bernard C. , Davis David O. , Thompson Josephine E. , Chaney Elizabeth , Bradley Eileen W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Computerized tomographic studies of normal canine anatomy were obtained, using a whole body scanner. The regions of interest were head and neck, thorax, and abdomen and pelvis. Scans were compared with gross transverse sections from one euthanatized dog. Identification and labeling of anatomic structures were aided by reference to recognized texts of canine anatomy.
Karyotype Analysis of Leukocytes of Gray Collie (Cyclic Neutropenia)-Normal Bone Marrow Transplant Chimeras Six Years After Transplantation
Authors: Matsas D. J. , Yang T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Karyotype analysis was made on the leukocytes of 2 gray Collie (cyclic neutropenia)-normal bone marrow transplant chimeras transplanted 6 years previously to correct cyclic neutropenia of the gray Collie syndrome. In a male-to-female transplant chimera, all of the 50 metaphase spreads showed the karyotype of male donor origin. In this and the male-to-male chimera, the morphology of all chromosomes examined showed no gross anomalies or breaks which might be of recipient origin.
Inheritance of Copper Toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers
Authors: Johnson G. F. , Sternlieb I. , Twedt D. C. , Grushoff P. S. , Scheinberg I. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The mode of transmission of copper toxicosis, previously reported to be associated with progressive hepatic disease in certain Bedlington Terriers, has been studied by means of 5 matings involving affected and unaffected Bedlington Terriers and dogs of different breeds. The abnormally large concentration of hepatic copper underlying the disorder was found to follow an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
Western Hemisphere Isolates of African Swine Fever Virus: Asymptomatic Carriers and Resistance to Challenge Inoculation
Authors: Mebus C. A. , Dardiri A. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Convalescent clinically normal pigs were tested for the persistence of African swine fever (asf) infection. One group of pigs was examined 135 days after inoculation with a Brazilian isolate and a 2nd group was examined 110 days after inoculation with a Dominican Republic isolate. Susceptible pigs exposed by contact to these groups remained clinically normal. These contact pigs plus 2 more pigs added to each group developed asf after being fed and inoculated with tissues collected from recovered pigs. African swine fever virus was not isolated in swine buffy coat cultures inoculated with supernatant fluid from the collected tissues.
The remaining convalescent Brazilian and Dominican Republic asf pigs were challenge inoculated with homologous virus and then with Lisbon 60 asf virus. Pigs in both groups remained clinically normal after homologous virus challenge inoculation. Pigs in the Brazilian group remained clinically normal after inoculation of the Lisbon 60 asf viral isolate. Of 5 pigs in the Dominican Republic group, 3 developed a transient viremia after inoculation of the Lisbon 60 asf viral isolate.
Sensitivities of Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine and Porcine Enteric Infections to Antimicrobial Antibiotics
Authors: Coates S. R. , Hoopes K. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The antibiotic sensitivities of Escherichia coli isolated from 91 diarrheal pigs and 98 diarrheal calves were determined to 19 different microbials by the Kirby-Bauer method. Virtually all E coli isolated from pigs and calves were sensitive to amikacin, colistin, gentamicin, and polymyxin B. In vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations for these 4 antibiotics were determined for isolates from both pigs and calves.
Increased Weight Gains of Wisconsin Dairy Heifers Following Systematic Deworming with Fenbendazole
Authors: Myers G. H. , Todd A. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Average daily weight gains (adg) were compared among 206 dairy heifers on 11 farms. Half of the heifers were treated with fenbendazole (5 mg/kg) at 30- or 60-day intervals. Treatment every 60 days did not effectively control subclinical nematode parasitism, but did increase adg by 0.05 kg, P < 0.05. Treatment every 30 days effectively controlled the parasitisms and significantly improved adg by 0.09 kg, P < 0.01. Repeated treatment increased rate of gain on 10 of 11 farms. Cooperia, Ostertagia, and Nematodirus were the predominant genera found parasitizing the heifers. On several farms, the pattern of infection indicated that overwintering larvae were a source of infection.
Effect of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced Hepatic Disease on Plasma Amino Acid Patterns in the Horse
Authors: Gulick Bonnie A. , Liu Irwin K. M. , Qualls Charles W. , Gribble David H. , Rogers Quinton R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma amino acid patterns were studied in 6 clinically normal adult horses during the course of hepatic disease induced by feeding them plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
At death, there were significant (P < 0.01) increases in glutamine, proline, tyrosine, asparagine, lysine, histidine, alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, aspartic acid, and ornithine values. There were no significant changes in glycine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, and arginine values. There were significant (P < 0.01) decreases in citrulline. Ammonia increased 4-fold. α-Aminoadipic acid and α-aminobutyric acid were not detectable in the plasma of clinically normal horses, but were in the plasma of horses with severe hepatic disease. The ratio of branched chain amino acids (isoleucine + leucine + valine) to phenylalanine plus tyrosine progressively decreased from a normal of 4.0 ± 0.5 to 1.3 ± 0.3 (mean ± 1 SD) just prior to death. The relative changes in plasma amino acid pattern in horses with hepatic diseases seem similar to those changes occurring in man and other animals with hepatic disease.
Host Metabolic Alterations During Inflammatory Stress as Related to Nutritional Status
Authors: Powanda Michael C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Malnutrition predisposes to infection, whereas infection can exacerbate malnutrition, resulting in hindered growth and development. This intereplay between infection and nutrition suggests that host metabolism has a role in host defense during infection, Infection occasions profound alterations in host trace metal, nitrogen, and hormone metabolism and redisi tribution as a result of factors [leukocyte endogenous mediator (endogenous pyrogen)] released from stimulated phagocytes. Many of these alterations occur even in malnourished, protein-restricted, and zinc-deficient animals and persons, bespeaking the essential nature of these changes. Although these metabolic sequelae of infection appear to be of value to the host during acute illness, a metabolic deficit is often incurred which may persist long after resolution of clinical illness. Understanding host-parasite relationships and their metabolic consequences will allow formulation of an integrated approach to the care of infected patients, combining the appropriate elements of nutrition with the best features of antimicrobial therapy.
Equine Postanesthetic Forelimb Lameness Intracompartmental Muscle Pressure Changes and Biochemical Patterns
Authors: Lindsay W. A. , McDonell W. , Bignell W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intracompartmental muscle pressures were recorded from the right and left forelimbs (extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii) of healthy horses maintained in left lateral recumbency while under deep halothane anesthesia for 180 to 240 minutes. Cardiac output, blood pressure, blood gases, and acid-base status were monitored throughout the anesthesia, and electrolyte levels (Ca2+, P+, K+, Cl−, Na+) and enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase (ast), creatine phosphokinase (cpk), and blood lactate) were monitored for 7 days.
Postanesthetic forelimb lameness was produced in 5 of the 6 horses with this prolonged anesthetic regime. This lameness was associated with muscle plaque formation and clinical signs which were similar to the forelimb lameness sometimes seen in horses after surgical anesthesia. Plasma protein, serum calcium, plasma sodium, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations did not change, whereas significantly increased hematocrit, plasma potassium, and serum inorganic phosphate values were seen at the end of anesthesia, along with a decrease in plasma chloride values. Blood lactate, serum ast, and serum cpk activities were significantly high in the postanesthetic period, although the sequence of the changes differed. Intracompartmental muscle pressures were higher in the left forelimb adjacent to the floor (contact limb), and in the instance of the triceps of the contact limb, the pressures were sufficiently high (> 30 mm of Hg) that they may have compromised capillary blood flow. However, these high intracompartmental muscle pressures did not persist when positional changes of the horses were introduced at the end of the anesthetic period. There was no correlation between the severity of postanesthetic lameness and any of the measured values.
The results demonstrate an experimentally induced postanesthetic lameness which was primarily related to the development of a myositis. Although the causative factors of this myositis may be multiple, the present study implicates local hypoxia in that increased blood lactate and inorganic phosphate values preceded the increased cpk activity. Intracompartmental muscle pressures in the contact limb were possibly high enough to have restricted local capillary blood flow.
Ultrastructure of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say)
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Hair Jakie A. , Ewing S. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cattle were inoculated with a Virginìa isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and D variabilis (Say) nymphs. Anaplasma marginale was demonstrated by electron microscopy in gut tissues of replete nymphal ticks and in unfed, incubated, and feeding adult ticks that were exposed to the organism as nymphs when they fed on an infected cow. The A marginale organisms in replete nymphs and adult feeding ticks were morphologically similar to A marginale described previously from infected bovine erythrocytes. Colonies of A marginale were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of unfed adult D andersoni and D variabilis that had been incubated at 37 C for 3 days. Anaplasma marginale organisms in colonies were very pleomorphic. Small electron-dense particles were demonstrated in all infected tick stages studied, but were most evident in colonies from incubated, unfed ticks. They may represent a reproductive form of A marginale.
Demonstration of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Dermacentor variabilis (Say) by Ferritin-Conjugated Antibody Technique
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Hsu Konrad C. , Hair Jakie A. , Ewing S. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor variabilis (Say) nymphs. Transstadial transmission of A marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment day 6. A similar gut homogenate from the same group of ticks was caused to react with A marginale-bovine antisera that had been conjugated with ferritin. The homogenate contained organisms similar to those observed in the gut of adult feeding ticks that were infected as nymphs and the labeling of the outer membrane confirmed that organisms observed were A marginale. A gut homogenate prepared from control ticks did not cause infection when inoculated into a susceptible cow and no organisms were demonstrated.
In Vitro Antimycotic Sensitivity of Yeasts Isolated from Infected Bovine Mammary Glands
Authors: McDonald J. S. , Richard J. L. , Anderson A. J. , Fichtner R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 91 yeast cultures isolated from infected bovine mammary glands in several herds were studied in vitro to determine their sensitivity to 7 antimycotic agents.
Yeast cultures were most sensitive to clotrimazole followed by ketoconazole, nystatin, myxin, miconazole, and amphotericin B and least sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine. The isolants represented 18 species. Candida lusitaniae was most sensitive (85.7%) and C rugosa was least sensitive (31.9%) to the 7 antimycotic agents.