bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of area, habitat and water chemistry on richness and composition of macrophyte assemblages in southern Brazilian wetlands
Authors: Rolon Ana S. , Lacerda Taís , Maltchik Leonardo , Guadagnin Demétrio L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractQuestions: Two hypotheses were tested: (1) physical features, such as wetland surface area and habitat diversity, together with water chemistry, are important determinants of species richness and composition of macrophyte assemblages and (2) species richness and composition of macrophyte assemblages differ between wetlands of different types (i.e., palustrine versus lacustrine) and between wetlands of different hydrologies (i.e. permanent versus intermittent).Location: A subtropical coastal plain segment (2500 km2) of southern Brazil.Methods: Quarterly collections were carried out in 15 wetlands (2004–2005) in southern Brazil. Differences in richness over time were tested using repeated measures ANOVA. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to investigate relationships between total richness and environmental variables. Significance of differences between wetland types and hydroperiods on species composition was verified by MRPP (Multi‐Response Permutation Procedure). The influence of the environmental variables on species composition was assessed using CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis).Results: Macrophyte species richness changed with time, was not significantly different between wetland types, but was higher in permanent wetlands than in intermittent ones. Area, habitat diversity and soluble reactive phosphorus concentration explained 76% of the variation in species richness. Species composition was different between permanent and intermittent wetlands, although it was not significantly different between wetland types. Area, habitat diversity and water chemistry explained 50.1% of species composition.Conclusions: Species richness and composition of wetland macrophytes were mainly determined by area, habitat diversity and hydroperiod. These results can be used for the development of conservation and management programs in southern Brazil.
Species‐specific responses of an alpine plant community under simulated environmental change
Authors: Klanderud Kari 
Published: January 2008

AbstractQuestion:How will warming and increased nutrient availability affect individual alpine plant species abundances (non‐vascular and vascular) and community composition?Location:Dryas octopetala heath at alpine Finse, southern Norway.Methods:Four years with experimental warming (open top chambers) and nutrient addition. Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Redundancy Analysis were used to examine changes in community composition. GLM‐ANOVA was used to examine treatment effects on individual species.Results:Warming alone decreased the abundance of some Carex and bryophyte species, but did not affect community composition. Nutrient addition and warming combined with nutrient addition increased the abundance of high stature species, such as grasses (Festuca spp., Poa alpina) and some forbs (e.g. Cerastium alpinum, Potentilla crantzii). Low stature forbs (e.g. Tofieldia pusilla), a lycophyte (Selaginella selaginoides) and most bryophytes and lichens decreased in abundance. After four years of warming combined with nutrient addition 57% of the mosses, 57% of the liverworts and 44% of the lichens had completely disappeared. Community composition changed significantly, with the largest shift when warming and nutrient addition was combined.Conclusions:Tall species may expand at the expense of low stature species in the alpine region if temperature and soil nutrient content increase. Contrasting responses between grasses and sedges, and species‐specific responses within forbs, sedges and shrubs, within and across alpine and arctic sites, suggest that the use of functional types in environmental change research may mask important information on individual species responses. The response of one species within a functional type cannot predict the response of another.
ADMEProperties of Drugs
Authors: Di Li , Kerns Edward H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractADME properties have tremendous impact on the success of drug candidates. They are a set of fundamental physico‐chemical and biochemical properties of drug molecules that can be affected by physiologic conditionsin vivo: solubility, permeability, stability, metabolism, and others. ADME properties can be improved through structural modification by medicinal chemists. They are important bothin vitroandin vivo. A successful drug must possess a balance of good potency and drug‐like properties. High‐throughput ADME assays have been developed and implemented widely in the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the attrition of drug candidates. The data are used to identify potential liabilities, guide structural modification, prioritize lead series, select compounds forin vivostudies, and diagnosein vivoassay results. Studies have demonstrated that early screening of ADME properties is a successful approach to enhance the quality of drug candidates.
Alkaloid Biosynthesis
Authors: O'Connor Sarah E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHow nature synthesizes complex secondary metabolites, or natural products, can be studied only by working within the disciplines of both chemistry and biology. Alkaloids are a complex group of natural products with diverse mechanisms of biosynthesis. This article highlights the biosynthesis of four major classes of plant‐derived alkaloids. Only plant alkaloids for which significant genetic information has been obtained were chosen for review. Isoquinoline alkaloid, terpenoid indole alkaloid, tropane alkaloid, and purine alkaloid biosynthesis are described here. The article is intended to provide an overview of the basic mechanism of biosynthesis for selected members of each pathway. Manipulation of these pathways by metabolic engineering is highlighted also.
Progress in Nanoengineered Microstructures for Tunable High‐Current, High‐Temperature Superconducting Wires
Authors: Holesinger T. G. , Civale L. , Maiorov B. , Feldmann D. M. , Coulter J. Y. , Miller D. J. , Maroni V. A. , Chen Z. , Larbalestier D. C. , Feenstra R. , Li X. , Huang Y. , Kodenkandath T. , Zhang W. , Rupich M. W. , Malozemoff A. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHigh critical current densities (Jc) in thick films of the Y1Ba2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO, Tc ≈ 92 K) superconductor directly depend upon the types of nanoscale defects and their densities within the films. A major challenge for developing a viable wire technology is to introduce nanoscale defect structures into the YBCO grains of the thick film suitable for flux pinning and the tailoring of the superconducting properties to specific, application‐dependent, temperature and magnetic field conditions. Concurrently, the YBCO film needs to be integrated into a macroscopically defect‐free conductor in which the grain‐to‐grain connectivity maintains levels of inter‐grain Jc that are comparable to the intra‐grain Jc. That is, high critical current (Ic) YBCO coated conductors must contain engineered inhomogeneities on the nanoscale, while being homogeneous on the macroscale. An analysis is presented of the advances in high‐performance YBCO coated‐conductors using chemical solution deposition (CSD) based on metal trifluoroacetates and the subsequent processing to nano‐engineer the microstructure for tuneable superconducting wires. Multi‐scale structural, chemical, and electrical investigations of the CSD film processes, thick film development, key microstructural features, and wire properties are presented. Prospects for further development of much higher Ic wires for large‐scale, commercial application are discussed within the context of these recent advances.
Scope and Applications of Amphiphilic Alkyl‐ and Lipopeptides
Authors: Cavalli S. , Kros A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNowadays oligopeptides can be easily synthesized and their secondary and tertiary structure is controlled by the amino acid sequence. Alkylation or lipidation of the hydrophilic peptides adds additional amphiphilicity which can be used in several applications. Examples are given of bioactive compounds (e.g., targeted drug delivery) and the self‐assembly into well‐defined surfaces able to act as templates for biomineralization is discussed.
Child age influence on the seasonal death risk during the first year of life (Spain, 1975–1989)
Authors: Luna Francisco , Alonso Verónica , Fuster Vicente , Edo Miguel A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInfant mortality rate reflects a population's health status, which depends on several factors, such as diseases, environment, child development, and other population characteristics that can show seasonal change throughout the year. This article deals with the relevance of child age on the probability of death in the different seasons throughout the first year of life, taking into account the illnesses causing death. The study was carried out using a file from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. To eliminate bias related to health improvement, only the 49,761 urban deaths corresponding to capital of provinces, taking place between 1975 and 1989, were considered. The variables analyzed were: the month in which death took place, disease causing death, and the child age at death. Since many causes of death are very infrequent, the analysis was limited to a selection of the most common 45,155 death cases. The causes of death analyzed were: digestive, nervous and sensory, circulatory, and respiratory diseases, delivery difficulties, congenital anomalies, and signs and syndromes (WHO, ICD‐9). The infant mortality rates are associated with the child age at death. Moreover, a general ontogenetic change of the death risk can be observed, with some particularities depending on the disease analyzed. In general, regarding all infant deaths, the obtained results suggest a higher risk of dying in winter for children surviving the first month of life, whereas a summer pattern, with a maximum mortality in June, July, and August, appeared when newborns younger than 1 week were considered. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic structure of Mexican Mestizo women with breast cancer based on three STR loci
Authors: Calderón‐Garcidueñas Ana L. , Rivera‐Prieto Roxana A. , Ortíz‐Lopez Rocio , Rivas Fernando , Barrera‐Saldaña Hugo A. , Peñaloza‐Espinosa Rosenda I. , Cerda‐Flores Ricardo M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe aim of this population genetics study was to compare the genetic structure of Mexican women with breast cancer (BrCa) with previously reported data of four random populations (Nuevo León, Hispanics, Chihuahua, and Central Region of Mexico). A sample of 115 unrelated women with BrCa and whose four grandparents were born in five zones of Mexico were interviewed at a reference hospital in Northeastern Mexico. Noncodifying STRs D7S820, D13S317, and D16S39 were analyzed; genotype distribution was in agreement with Hardy–Weinberg expectations for all three markers. Similar allele frequencies among four random populations and this selected population were found. According with this and previous studies using molecular and nonmolecular nuclear DNA markers not associated with any disease, Mexican Mestizo population is genetically homogeneous and therefore, genetic causes of BrCa are less heterogeneous, simplifying genetic epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic regulation of growth from birth to 18 years of age: The Swedish young male twins study
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Tynelius Per , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Kaprio Jaakko , Rasmussen Finn 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGrowth is a complex process, and only little is known on the genetic regulation of it. We analyzed the effect of genetic and environmental factors on growth in a longitudinal Swedish cohort of 231 monozygotic and 144 dizygotic twin pairs born 1973–1979 with length or height measured annually from birth to age 18. The data were analyzed by two different multivariate variance component models for twin data using the Mx statistical package. At birth and 1 year of age, a substantial part of the variation in length was because of common environment (50 and 57%, respectively) and the effect of genetic factors was minor. After 2 years of age, 91–97% of the variation of height could be explained by genetic differences whereas the rest was because of environmental variation not shared by twins. The genetic correlation between heights at ages 2 and 18 was 0.73 (95% confidence intervals 0.68–0.77) showing that 53% of the genes affecting height at these ages are the same or closely linked; with increasing age the correlation with genetic effects at age 18 become subsequently stronger. Especially in mid‐childhood, growth was largely regulated by the same genetic factors. During puberty new genetic factors started to affect height, but also genetic variation affecting height at previous ages remained. These results suggest that genetic regulation of growth is rather uniform, which is encouraging for further efforts to identify genes affecting growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropometric measurements of Australian Aboriginal adults living in remote areas: Comparison with nationally representative findings
Authors: Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan Srinivas , Hoy Wendy E. , Wang Zhiqiang , Briganti Esther , Polkinghorne Kevan , Chadban Steven , Shaw Jonathan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo compare body size measurements in Australian Aboriginals living in three remote communities in the Northern Territory of Australia with those of the general Australian population. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and derivative values of body mass index (BMI), waist‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐height ratio (WHT), and waist‐weight ratios (WWT) of adult Aboriginal volunteers (n = 814), aged 25 to 74 years were compared with participants in the nationally representative ‘AusDiab’ survey (n = 10,434). The Aboriginal body habitus profiles differed considerably from the Australian profile. When compared to Australian females, Aboriginal females were taller and had lower hip circumference but had higher WC, WHR, WHT, and WWT (P < 0.01 for all). When compared with their Australian counterparts, Aboriginal males were shorter, had lower body weight, WC, hip circumference, BMI, and WHT but had higher WHR and WWT (P < 0.001 for all). Significantly more Aboriginal females were classified as overweight and or obese using cutoffs defined by WC and by WHR than by BMI. Aboriginal males were less often overweight and/or obese by BMI than their counterparts, but were significantly more often overweight or obese by WHR. There were significant variations in body size profiles between Aboriginal communities. However, the theme of excess waist measurements relative to their weight was uniform. Aboriginal people had preferential central fat deposition in relation to their overall weight. BMI significantly underestimated overweight and obesity as assessed by waist measurements among Aboriginals. This relationship of preferential central fat deposition to the current epidemic of chronic diseases needs to be explored further. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Would a “one‐handed” scientist lack rigor? How scientists discuss the work‐relatedness of musculoskeletal disorders in formal and informal communications
Authors: Premji Stephanie , Messing Karen , Lippel Katherine 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundWhen research results concerning occupational health are expressed ambiguously, compensation and prevention can be affected. This study examined the language used by scientists to discuss the relation between work and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).MethodsLanguage regarding work and MSDs in twenty articles from two peer‐reviewed journals was compared with that in 94 messages on MSDs posted by published scientists to an internet list.ResultsAlmost all the articles found some link between work and MSDs. However, few articles expressed belief in such a link unambiguously in the title or abstract, and language on links was often hard for a non‐health scientist to interpret. Language and methods gave excess weight to negative results. On the listserve, many scientists expressed unambiguous views on linkages between work and MSDs.ConclusionsScientists must express their opinions more forthrightly if they wish their results to be used to favour prevention and to foster access to workers' compensation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:173–185, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritable essential tremor‐idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (ETINPH)
Authors: Zhang Jun , Williams Michael A. , Rigamonti Daniele 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this report, we identified a large five‐generation distinctive kindred with essential tremor (ET) presenting during the teen years and the consequent appearance of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) when elderly (>65 years), in an autosomal dominant fashion. Through clinical and genetic analysis, we defined this kindred as a new essential tremor‐idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (ETINPH) disorder. One of the most common neurological disorders, ET comprises uncontrollable tremor, most commonly the upper limbs. Molecular genetic studies in hereditary ET have been initiated, but only with negative results so far. iNPH is an adult‐onset hydrocephalus characterized by ventricular enlargement in the absence of significant elevations of intracranial pressure. iNPH patients usually have a triad of clinical symptoms: gait impairment, incontinence, and dementia, which is among the most common medical problems in the older population. The genetic etiology of iNPH is totally unknown. We hypothesize that ET is the consequence of the abnormal function of a specific neuronal gene, and that the same gene causes tremor at an early age eventually leading to the development of iNPH later in life. An understanding of the genetic components of this disorder may offer us significant insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ET, iNPH, and other related neurological conditions. In our genetic analysis of this family, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was carried out, and we could not identify any possible copy number changes of the genomic fragment along the whole‐genome in ETINPH patient. Candidate gene linkage analysis was also performed, and we excluded this disorder from several established loci associated with tremor. We conclude that the pedigree reported here is a new autosomal dominant genetic disorder ETINPH. The characterization of the gene that causes ETINPH will certainly enhance our understanding of motor diseases in general. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragile X syndrome with anxiety disorder and exceptional verbal intelligence
Authors: Angkustsiri Kathleen , Wirojanan Juthamas , Deprey Lesley J. , Gane Louise W. , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is often characterized by mental retardation. However, FXS is also associated with significant emotional and psychiatric problems, including anxiety, depression, attention difficulties, and learning disabilities in the presence of a normal IQ. This report describes a unique woman with the full mutation of FXS who has an exceptional profile of above‐average intelligence combined with significant impairments due to anxiety and learning disability. Women with FXS can present primarily with learning and emotional problems, and clinicians should consider FXS in these women regardless of their IQ. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel mutation in JARID1C/SMCX in a patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Adegbola Abidemi , Gao Hanlin , Sommer Steve , Browning Marsha 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe describe a nondysmorphic patient with developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder who has a missense mutation in the Jumonji AT‐rich interactive domain 1C (JARID1C) gene. This child first presented at 30 months of age with stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, impairment in social reciprocity and in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors, and developmental delay primarily in the language domain. A diagnosis of autism was made and subsequently confirmed at the current age of 47 months. Cytogenetic and fragile X studies were normal. Mutational analysis revealed a novel missense mutation in exon 16 of the JARID1C gene that results in an arginine to tryptophan substitution at amino acid 766 (R766W). Sequence alignment analysis with multiple available eukaryotic sequences including the homologous proteins of mouse and zebrafish demonstrated that the affected amino acid is conserved. JARID1C has not previously been implicated in autism susceptibility. Recent novel molecular evidence suggests that it is a histone demethylase specific for di‐ and trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and functions as a transcriptional repressor by fostering REST‐mediated neuronal gene regulation. The JARID1C‐regulated genes SCN2A, CACNA1H, BDNF, and SLC18A1 have previously been associated with autism and cognitive dysfunction. This patient brings the total number of reported JARID1C mutations to 14. This presentation both extends the range of neurocognitive phenotypes attributable to mutations in this gene and illustrates the importance of molecular studies and DNA sequence analysis for accurate diagnosis of monogenic causes of autism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hair collar sign
Authors: Stevens Cathy A. , Galen Wesley 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe report on two children with congenital scalp lesions which were surrounded by a ring of dark hair known as a hair collar. A review of previously reported patients with hair collars revealed that most of the scalp lesions were single and located at the vertex or parietal areas. They were most commonly composed of heterotopic neural tissue. We found a significant risk of associated skull defects, direct connections to the central nervous system (CNS), and brain and cerebrovascular anomalies in these patients. Careful clinical evaluation and MRI of the brain are indicated prior to biopsy or excision of these scalp lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate and one‐carbon metabolism gene polymorphisms and their associations with oral facial clefts
Authors: Boyles Abee L. , Wilcox Allen J. , Taylor Jack A. , Meyer Klaus , Fredriksen Åse , Ueland Per Magne , Drevon Christian A. , Vollset Stein Emil , Lie Rolv Terje 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFolate metabolism plays a critical role in embryonic development. Prenatal folate supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects and probably oral facial clefts. Previous studies of related metabolic genes have associated polymorphisms in cystathionine‐beta‐synthase (CBS) and 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with cleft risk. We explored associations between genes related to one‐carbon metabolism and clefts in a Norwegian population‐based study that included 362 families with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 191 families with cleft palate only (CPO). We previously showed a 39% reduction in risk of CL/P with folic acid supplementation in this population. In the present study we genotyped 12 polymorphisms in nine genes related to one‐carbon metabolism and looked for associations of clefting risk with fetal polymorphisms, maternal polymorphisms, as well as parent‐of‐origin effects, using combined likelihood‐ratio tests (LRT). We also stratified by maternal periconceptional intake of folic acid (>400 µg) to explore gene–exposure interactions. We found a reduced risk of CL/P with mothers who carried theCBSC699T variant (rs234706); relative risk was 0.94 with one copy of the T allele (95% CI 0.63–1.4) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.26–0.96) with two copies (P = 0.008). We found no evidence of interaction of this variant with folate status. We saw no evidence of risk from theMTHFRC677T variant (rs1801133) either overall or after stratifying by maternal folate intake. No associations were found between any of the polymorphisms and CPO. Genetic variations in the nine metabolic genes examined here do not confer a substantial degree of risk for clefts. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.