bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBCT Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolar in Saudi Subpopulation
Authors: Syed Gufaran A. , Pullishery Fawaz , Alhazmi Khalid A. , Nazer Mohammed I. , Alkhamis Ahmed , Meer Fernas M. S. , Halteet Firas A. , Sendiyoni Assil M. I. , Taher Abdulkader O. H. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:
Clinicians must possess a comprehensive understanding of variations in canal morphology and configuration during endodontic procedures to enhance treatment success. This study aims to assess and analyze the canal configurations of maxillary first premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography within the sub-population of Western Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, following the acquisition of ethical clearance from Batterjee Medical College in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a retrospective examination of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first premolars in adult patients was conducted. The study focused on quantifying the number of canals and characterizing their configurations, with classification based on Vertucci’s categorization.

Results:
The study examined 399 CBCT images of maxillary first premolars, revealing that type IV canal configurations were the predominant morphology (56.9%), followed by type V (24.6%). Significant gender-related disparities were observed, with females displaying a higher incidence of types I and V canals. At the same time, males exhibited a greater prevalence of types IV and VI canals. Notably, no substantial associations were discerned between canal types and age groups.

Conclusion:
Within the context of maxillary first premolars, type IV canal configuration emerged as the most prevalent. Gender-based distinctions were evident, with females predominantly presenting types I and V canal configurations, whereas males displayed a higher occurrence of types IV and VI canal configurations.
Assessment of Remineralization Ability of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Artificial Enamel Lesion of Primary Teeth – A Comparative Study
Authors: Alazmah Abdulfatah 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The current study’s aim was to evaluate the potential of various fluoride varnishes to remineralize artificial enamel lesions on primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:
For the study, 90 deciduous molar teeth that were implicated for extraction were taken. A window region with a size of 3 × 3 mm was located in the middle of the tooth’s coronal surface. The remaining portion was given a coat of nail polish and given time to dry. A demineralizing solution was used to create the artificial enamel lesion. The samples were randomized into three experimental groups at random, with 30 samples in each group. Group 1: Application of Clinpro White Varnish, Group 2: Application of Duraphat Varnish, and Group 3: Application of MI Varnish. After 14 days, samples from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of 1000× to determine whether remineralization had occurred. Microhardness was also determined using a microhardness tester.

Result:
Before the intervention, the mean demineralized enamel lesion in the Clinpro White Varnish group was 134.44 ± 0.04, in the Duraphat Varnish group was 133.76 ± 0.12, and in the MI Varnish group was 133.89 ± 0.08. After intervention, the maximum remineralized area was found in the MI Varnish group (82.74 ± 0.18) followed by the Clinpro White Varnish group (101.43 ± 0.16) and the Duraphat Varnish group (104.11 ± 0.10). After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference found between the groups. After the intervention, the maximum microhardness mean value improved in the MI Varnish group (257.03 ± 1.09 to 261.18 ± 1.20) followed by Clinpro White Varnish (258.78 ± 1.64 to 260.10 ± 1.22) and Duraphat Varnish group (255.24 ± 1.51 to 258.02 ± 0.89).

Conclusion:
According to the findings of the current investigation, all of the varnishes utilized in this in vitro experiment are capable of correcting early enamel defects on primary teeth. However, MI Varnish group was very effective compared to the Clinpro White Varnish group and the Duraphat Varnish group.
Survival Rate of Immediate Implants in Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ganapathy Vishnuvarthan , Balaji Anitha , Shanmugam Mohanasatheesh , Farjana Nilofer , Dheraj  , Krishnan Manju 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Immediate implant placement into a fresh extraction socket has been developed as a consistent treatment, allowing for a reduction in the duration of time necessary for prosthetic rehabilitation. The study will evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of implants placed immediately for a 10-year follow-up period.

Aim:
The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the durability of the immediate implant in periodontally compromised individual placement.

Methods:
Studies reporting clinical and radiologic implant outcomes from periodontally compromised individuals who were treated and followed periodontal and implant maintenance for ≥5 years were considered eligible for the review. Screening of the articles, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.

Results:
There were 99 papers, and of them, 55 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full texts of 28 potentially eligible publications were screened, but only seven studies met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions:
The study confirms that immediate implant therapy is safe, effective, and predictable for successful osseointegration and long-term functioning in periodontally compromised individuals, with minimal differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes.
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Adverse Effects and Willingness to Receive a Yearly Booster Dose among Members of Health Sciences Faculties: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pandarathodiyil Anitha K. , Veerabhadrappa Suresh K. , Nabillah Ghani Wan Maria , Termizi Bin Zamzuri Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
New severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and waning vaccine efficacy led to the administration of booster doses. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to contract the infection, and vaccination hesitancy in this group may have an impact on vaccine uptake among the general public.

Aims:
This study aimed to (1) assess the prevalence of self-reported adverse effects (AEs) after the first booster dose vaccine, (2) evaluate the AEs between the homologous and heterologous booster vaccines, and (3) evaluate the willingness to receive a hypothetical yearly booster dose.

Materials and Methods:
An online, cross-sectional, self-administered, structured questionnaire was distributed to members of the health sciences faculties (HSFs), XXXX University, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was adopted, and descriptive statistics was used to interpret the results.

Results:
About 67.1% of participants experienced systemic or local AEs. The common AEs were pain at the site of injection (60.2%), fatigue (45.7%), headache (31.6%), and fever (24.7%). About 64% of our participants believed that the booster dose provided extra immunity against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and 57.7% of participants expressed concern over the “mix–match” of vaccination. About 78% of the participants were keen to receive the hypothetical yearly booster dose. The severity of AEs between the booster dose and the primary dose was statistically insignificant (P < 0.159).

Conclusion:
Booster vaccination AEs were similar to the primary dose. However, a higher severity of AEs occurring in heterologous vaccine receivers was noted in our study.
Accelarated Orthodontic Treatment Using Microosteoperforations: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Avirachan Tara V. , Thomas Paul V. , Kuruvilla Leelamma , Majithia Parag S. , Paul Mithun 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Accelerated orthodontic treatment has gained popularity in recent years as patients seek shorter treatment durations. Microosteoperforations (MOPs) have emerged as a minimally invasive technique to expedite tooth movement. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MOPs in accelerating orthodontic treatment with conventional methods.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 orthodontic patients requiring dental alignment. The participants were divided into two groups: Group A (MOPs) and Group B (conventional orthodontic treatment). In Group A, MOPs were performed at the beginning of the treatment. Both groups received monthly orthodontic adjustments. Treatment duration, rate of tooth movement, and patient discomfort were measured and compared between the two groups.

Results:
The study found that in Group A, the treatment duration was reduced by 30% compared to Group B (P < 0.05). The rate of tooth movement in the MOPs group was 1.5 times higher than the conventional group (P < 0.01). Additionally, patient-reported discomfort levels were similar between the two groups. No adverse events related to MOPs were observed during the study.

Conclusion:
MOPs significantly accelerate orthodontic treatment, reducing treatment duration by 30% and increasing the rate of tooth movement by 1.5 times compared to conventional methods. Importantly, MOPs are well-tolerated by patients, making them a valuable option for expediting orthodontic treatment with minimal discomfort. This study highlights the potential benefits of integrating MOPs into orthodontic practice to improve treatment efficiency and patient satisfaction.
Association of Fordyce Granules with Skin Types – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alamri Nasser , Alotaiby Faraj 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Fordyce granules, sometimes referred to as Fordyce dots, are aberrant sebaceous glands that present as diminutive, non-painful, elevated lesions exhibiting a yellowish or whitish hue, measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter, and manifesting inside the oral cavity. Likewise, these particles may also be seen in the vaginal region and inside the oral cavity.

Aim:
The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential association between Fordyce granules and the skin type of individuals who seek dental care at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University.

Materials and Methods:
The current cross-sectional research was undertaken at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University, with a sample of 87 patients diagnosed with Fordyce’s granules. The research consisted of a heterogeneous sample of participants, including individuals of all genders, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. The study included a comprehensive evaluation of several anatomical regions to identify the existence of Fordyce’s granules. This examination was conducted by a single examiner who had undergone calibration. Additionally, the participants’ skin types were established using the Baumann Skin Typing System questionnaire. The data that was gathered was afterward analyzed utilizing statistical methods via the use of SPSS software. A pre-set significance level was established at P < 0.05.

Results:
The distribution of skin types among the study participants with Fordyce’s granules were found to be oily skin (51.3%), dry skin (47.9%), sensitive skin (49.3%), and resistant skin (56.3%). The results of the research showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two variables, i.e. skin type and the presence of Fordyce’s granules. This conclusion is supported by the increased P values of 0.941 for those with oily skin and 0.785 for individuals with dry skin.

Conclusion:
No relation between skin type and Fordyce’s granules in the current study.
Topical Steroid Damaged Face - A Dermascopic Analysis
Authors: Meghe Soham , Saoji Vikrant , Singh A. L. , Kashikar Yash , Rusia Kaveri , Ramapure Raavi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Dermoscopy particularly could be helpful in patients with steroid damaged face to assess and look for the damage caused by the steroid creams as also in cases where the patient provides improper history.

Materials and Methods:
Patients attending to dermatology OPD with suspected/diagnosed TSDF between the ages of 18 and 60 years were enrolled and assessed on the basis of age, gender, residence, duration, potency, brand of application topical steroid creams, clinical and dermoscopic features.

Results:
Majority abusing the topical steroid creams were females (n-14) with mean age with SD of 34 ± 11 and were from rural areas (57.8%). Red raised lesions were the most common clinical presentation (n-15) with telangiectasias as the most common dermoscopic feature (n-26). Triple combination creams containing hydroquinone 2%, tretinoin 0.025%, and 0.1% mometasone were on the top of the list (n-20).

Conclusion:
In this study, the importance of dermoscopy in assessing the features of topical steroid damaged face and preventing further damage is highlighted. Various factors causing topical steroid creams misuse and the easy availability of the creams is to be kept on check.
Volume of Enlarged White Matter of Thalamus among Individuals with Depression on Magnetic Resonance Image: A Study of BrainSuite Segmentation
Authors: Alarifi Abdulaziz , Taha Khalid M , Elamin Abubaker Y. , Almasaad Juman M. , Bakhit Nagi M. , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The thalamus, located in the diencephalon, regulates emotions and memories. If there is a problem in this area of the brain, it can cause an amnestic syndrome characterized by difficulties in remembering and recognizing things. The objective of this study was to identify changes in the volume of the thalamus while contrasting them among individuals with depression.

Materials and Methods:
The study involved measuring the volumes of the white matter of the thalamus in 79 patients with depression (42 males and 37 females) between 20 and 40 years (24 ± 5.51). This was compared to a control group of 53 individuals (24 ± 4.91) consisting of 29 males and 24 females, who were comparable in terms of sex and age. The measurements were taken employing BrainSuite version 18a. 021 Win 64bit software on a Philips 1.5 Tesla Magnetom Avanto Vision System magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition (MPRA) was utilized to acquire three-dimensional images with T1 weighting.

Results:
The volume of white matter in the respective right and left thalamus was 5.09 cm3 and 4.58 cm3 (±standard deviation (SD) = 6.43 and 4.74) among individuals with depression. In the control group, the volume of white matter in the right and left thalamus was 3.66 cm3 and 4.16 cm3 (±SD = 3.99 and 5.06), respectively. The P-value is more than 0.05. The average volume of white matter in the right and left thalamus of females with depression and controls was 6.47 cm3 and 6.77 cm3 (with SD of 4.17 and 4.3), and 3.25 cm3 and 3.13 cm3 (with SD of 6.55 and 6.77), respectively.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that individuals with depression exhibit an augmentation in the white matter of the thalamus, particularly in female patients where there is an upsurge in white matter volume. Depression appears to be linked to a decrease in volume on the left side of the brain.
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Application for Diagnosis of Oral Lesions and Assisting Young Oral Histopathologist in Deriving Diagnosis from Provided Features – A Pilot study
Authors: Islam Atikul , Banerjee Abhishek , Wati Sisca Meida , Banerjee Sumita , Shrivastava Deepti , Srivastava Kumar Chandan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
AI in healthcare services is advancing every day, with a focus on uprising cognitive capabilities. Higher cognitive functions in AI entail performing intricate processes like decision-making, problem-solving, perception, and reasoning. This advanced cognition surpasses basic data handling, encompassing skills to grasp ideas, understand and apply information contextually, and derive novel insights from previous experiences and acquired knowledge. ChatGPT, a natural language processing model, exemplifies this evolution by engaging in conversations with humans, furnishing responses to inquiries.

Objective:
We aimed to understand the capability of ChatGPT in solving doubts pertaining to symptoms and histological features related to subject of oral pathology. The study’s objective is to evaluate ChatGPT’s effectiveness in answering questions pertaining to diagnoses.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was done using an AI-based ChatGPT application that provides free service for research and learning purposes. The current version of ChatGPT3.5 was used to obtain responses for a total of 25 queries. These randomly asked questions were based on basic queries from patient aspect and early oral histopathologists. These responses were obtained and stored for further processing. The responses were evaluated by five experienced pathologists on a four point liekart scale. The score were further subjected for deducing kappa values for reliability.

Result & Statistical Analysis:
A total of 25 queries were solved by the program in the shortest possible time for an answer. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods and the responses were represented using frequency and percentages. Both the responses were analysed and were statistically significant based on the measurement of kappa values.

Conclusion:
The proficiency of ChatGPT in handling intricate reasoning queries within pathology demonstrated a noteworthy level of relational accuracy. Consequently, its text output created coherent links between elements, producing meaningful responses. This suggests that scholars or students can rely on this program to address reasoning-based inquiries. Nevertheless, considering the continual advancements in the program’s development, further research is essential to determine its accuracy levels in future versions.
Evaluation of Oral Microflora-Related to Dental Caries and Salivary pH in type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Soundaram Balasubramanian , Murali C.R. , Ajithkumar Muthuraj , Anjali Arutchelvan , JothiPriya DanPasko , Vikraman Sethuraman 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases and a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. The present study aimed to evaluate and correlate HbA1c, salivary pH, and oral bacterial microflora (streptococcus and lactobacillus colony-forming unit (CFU)) related to dental caries in normal, controlled, and uncontrolled type II diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 90 samples were taken for this study. The HbA1c test was recorded and grouped into three (normal, prediabetic, and diabetic). CFUs (streptococcus and lactobacillus) were evaluated by the spit-and-swab method. Salivary pH was measured with a pH strip with color coding. By using the post hoc test, the P-value was significant.

Results:
The CFU of streptococcus and lactobacillus in the saliva spit and swab method is statistically significant for P <0.005 and P <0.01 among normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. In diabetic patients, there is a higher incidence of dental caries (s.d. 6.7), a higher CFU (s.d. 6194.5) in the bacterial microflora, and a lower salivary pH (s.d. 0.6) than in prediabetic and normal patients.

Conclusion:
From the present study, we conclude that there is a slight increase in the CFU of Streptococcus mutans in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. This CFU increase and decrease in salivary PH were strongly associated with increased dental caries in diabetic patients.
The GC-MS Study of the Ayurvedic Formulation “Dhanwantharam Thailam” Used for Rheumatism
Authors: Brindha T R , Prabhu K , Jones Sumathi , Janaki C S , Sheriff Dhastangir , Kumar Hayagreva Muttevi , Kalaivani S , Lakshmi Deepa 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The scientific validity of contemporary and alternative medicinal practices, such as Ayurveda and Siddha, holds significant importance in today’s context.

Aim and Objective:
The present study employs gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to investigate a pain-relieving Ayurvedic oil, Dhanwantharam Thailam, aiming to establish correlations between its medicinal activity and the biomolecules it contains.

Materials and Methods:
Procured sample from a reputable Ayurvedic vendor in Chennai, Dhanwantharam Thailam underwent GC-MS analysis using standard procedures.

Results and Discussion:
The resulting profile revealed the presence of crucial molecules like oleic acid, dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, ethenyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride (Z, Z), aligning with the medicinal properties attributed to Dhanwantharam Thailam.

Conclusion:
The identification of these biomolecules supports the role of Dhanwantharam Thailamas an effective pain-relieving oil.
Comparative Evaluation of L-PRF and Ofloxacin Incorporated L-PRF as an Adjunctive to SRP-A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rengaswami Balaji V. , Sudhakar Uma , Dhanasekaran Manikandan , Muthuvijayan Gokulnivas 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives:
To compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of “ofloxacin incorporated L-PRF” and “L-PRF alone” when used as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials and Methods:
A split-mouth study was conducted in 50 patients diagnosed as chronic periodontitis with pocket depth ≥6 with at least one site in each quadrant. All patients underwent scaling and root planning. Test site received with ofloxacin incorporated L-PRF and control site received L-PRF alone. Clinical parameters pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded at baseline and 1 month after scaling and root planning.

Results:
In total, 100 sites were treated (50 test group and 50 control group) with no uneventful healing effects. Statistically significant decreases in PD (P = .0001 for both test and control groups), PI (P = .001), GBI (P = .001 for both groups), between pre-treatment and 1 month post-treatment were noted in both test and control groups. For intergroup comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference in all clinical indices (P > .005).

Conclusion:
Use of L-PRF with ofloxacin as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy showed better improvements in clinical parameters.
An In Vitro Study to Compare the Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Using Conventional Acid Etch and Self-Etch Primer
Authors: Pavithra Devi S , Barthunia Neeral , Jain Ruchira , Selvaraj Mahesh Kumar. , Arvindyogeshwar R , Chandran Aishwarya 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
In this, in vitro study’s objective is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets that have been adhered to enamel using a conventional acid etch/primer and self-etching primer (SEP) adhesive method.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred excised human premolars were bonded on brackets and were divided into group 1 –Metal brackets were bonded on teeth and group 2 –Ceramic brackets were bonded on teeth. These two groups were further subdivided: subgroup 1a – 25 metal brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, subgroup 1b – 25 metal brackets bonded using SEP, subgroup 2a – 25 ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, and subgroup 2b – 25 ceramic brackets bonded using SEP; brackets were debonded using a computerized Instron universal testing machine.

Results:
The mean value of SBS of metal and ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive systems had higher SBS than those bonded using SEP. SBS ranged from 7.95 to 12.24 MPa which was in the acceptable clinical range.

Conclusion:
SBS values of all four subgroups exceeded the range of 6–8 MPa observed to be acceptable for routine clinical use.