bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics analysis in post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Alsayed Yazan , Leleu Xavier , Leontovich Alexey , Oton Ana B. , Melhem Mona , George Diane , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLittle is known about the biology of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). The objective of this study was to determine the molecular alterations that occur at the protein level in patients with PTLDs. Six tumor samples from adult patients with PTLD and four benign lymph nodes were studied using protein microrarray technique. Proteins that were dysregulated included proteins in the PI3K/mTOR, NFkB and HSP90 pathways. Inhibitors of these proteins induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in EBV+ve and –ve cell lines. These results provide insight into pathways that are dysregulated in PTLD and can be targeted in future clinical trials.
Pregnancy outcome in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I
Authors: Shalev Hanna , Perez Avraham Galit , Hershkovitz Reli , Levy Amalia , Sheiner Eyal , Levi Itai , Tamary Hannah 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I (CDA I) is a rare inherited disease characterized by moderate to severe macrocytic anemia and abnormal erythroid precursors with nuclear chromatin bridges and spongy heterochromatin. Moderate to severe maternal anemia is a recognized independent risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) and complicated delivery. The aim of the study was to review the outcome of pregnancies in women with CDA I.Methods:  The clinical and laboratory records of 28 spontaneous pregnancies in six Bedouin women with CDA I were reviewed. The results were compared with findings from a retrospective review of a large population‐based registry including all pregnancies in Bedouin women during the same 15‐yr period.Results:  Eighteen pregnancies in women with CDA I (64%) were complicated. One pregnancy was aborted spontaneously in the first trimester and one resulted in a non‐viable fetus (stillborn at 26 wk). Cesarean section (CS) was performed in 10 pregnancies (36%). Eleven of the 26 newborns (42%) had a LBW: six were born prematurely and five were small for gestational age. The odds ratio for CS in women with CDA I compared with healthy Bedouin women was 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–10.3], and for a LBW infant, 5.5 (95% CI 2.4–12.3). Careful follow‐up was associated with significantly better fetal outcome (P = 0.05).Conclusions:  Pregnancies in women with CDA I are at high risk for delivery‐related and outcome complications. To improve fetal outcome, women with CDA I should be carefully monitored during pregnancy.
Stretching modulates oxytalan fibers in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Tsuruga E. , Nakashima K. , Ishikawa H. , Yajima T. , Sawa Y. 
Published: June 2008

Background and Objective:  Oxytalan fibers, as well as collagen fibers, are the structural components of periodontal ligaments. Periodontal ligaments are continuously exposed to various functional forces. However, the behavior of oxytalan fibers under mechanical strain has not been investigated. We hypothesized that strain would alter the amount and appearance of oxytalan fibers in terms of positivity for their major components, fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2.Material and Methods:  We subjected periodontal ligament fibroblasts to stretching strain to examine the effects on their formation of oxytalan fibers in cell/matrix layers.Results:  Stretching increased the levels of fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 by 25% relative to the control, but did not affect the gene expression level of either type of fibrillin. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy analysis revealed that bundles of oxytalan fibers became thicker under stretching conditions.Conclusion:  These results suggest that tension strain functionally regulates microfibril assembly in periodontal ligament fibroblasts and thus may contribute to the homeostasis of oxytalan fibers in periodontal ligaments.
Patterns of morphometric variation in the alpine newt (Mesotriton alpestris) at the southern limit of its distribution: environmental correlates
Authors: SOTIROPOULOS Konstantinos , LEGAKIS Anastasios , POLYMENI Rosa Maria 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe applied multivariate analyses to an array of body measures of alpine newt specimens derived from 11 local populations in Greece to describe, analyse and detect patterns and putative causes of within‐population and among‐population morphometric variation. The observed morphometric variation was partitioned into several independently varying aspects of the external phenotype, frequently following variation patterns in different environmental factors. The size and features of the aquatic habitat were found to affect body size, while altitude was found to affect head‐shape variation in both sexes. At the intra‐population level, variation in generalized body size and shape was found to be significantly lower when competitive newt species were present in the habitat, indicating stabilizing selection towards a decrease in inter‐specific competition. No clear discrimination on body size and shape proportions was detected between the two genetic lineages examined, implying ecogenetic or environmentally induced variation rather than phylogeny.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Australia short‐finned eel (Anguilla australis Richardson)
Authors: GONG XIAO‐LING , LI SI‐FA , CAI WAN‐QI , WANG CHENG‐HUI 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeventeen microsatellite DNA loci from the Australian short‐finned eel (Anguilla australis Richardson) were isolated and their amplification characteristics were described. The polymerase chain reaction primers were tested on 40 eel individuals. The primers amplified loci with relatively high numbers of alleles, ranging from five to 14 with an average of nine per locus. Mean observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were 0.6779 and 0.7374, respectively, indicating that these markers would be useful for population studies. No loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.05) and no evidence was found for genotypic disequilibrium among loci at a 5% significance level.
ldne: a program for estimating effective population size from data on linkage disequilibrium
Authors: WAPLES ROBIN S. , DO CHI 
Published: June 2008

Abstract ldne is a program with a Visual Basic interface that implements a recently developed bias correction for estimates of effective population size (Ne) based on linkage disequilibrium data. The program reads genotypic data in standard formats and can accommodate an arbitrary number of samples, individuals, loci, and alleles, as well as two mating systems: random and lifetime monogamy. ldne calculates separate estimates using different criteria for excluding rare alleles, which facilitates evaluation of data for highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites. The program also introduces a jackknife method for obtaining confidence intervals that appears to perform better than parametric methods currently in use.
Isolation and characterization of new microsatellite markers in shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn)
Authors: ALLAL FRANÇOIS , VAILLANT ALEXANDRE , SANOU HABY , KELLY BOKARY , BOUVET JEAN‐MARC 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Vitellaria paradoxa is one of the major components of African parkland agroforestry systems. In order to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of this species, we isolated and characterized 14 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Primers developed to amplify these loci were used to analyse 200 individuals of a shea tree population in Mali. Loci have shown a high number of alleles ranging from four to 26, and display an observed level of heterozygosity between 0.37 and 0.85. These new very polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for genetic and ecological studies of V. paradoxa.
Development of 17 microsatellite markers for Ceratosolen constrictus, the pollinating fig wasp of Ficus fistulosa
Authors: KATABUCHI M. , ISAGI Y. , NAKASHIZUKA T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe obligate mutualism between figs (Ficus) and fig pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) is regarded as a classic example of mutualism. Seventeen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for Ceratosolen constrictus, the pollinating wasp of the dioecious fig Ficus fistulosa. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 15 and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.040 to 0.846 and from 0.040 to 0.916, respectively. These microsatellite loci offer a powerful tool for evolutionary and population genetic studies in C. constrictus, and gene flow of F. fistulosa.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the long‐fingered bat Miniopterus fuliginosus
Authors: HAN B. Y. , HUA P. Y. , GU X. M. , MILLER‐BUTTERWORTH C. M. , ZHANG S. Y. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 10 microsatellite loci in the long‐fingered bat Miniopterus fuliginosus. These loci were tested on 48 individuals from Anhui Province of China, and all loci were highly polymorphic. The mean number of observed alleles per locus was 13.6 (range from six to 27). Observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.364 to 0.957, and from 0.676 to 0.951, respectively. After Bonferroni correction, four loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No pairs of loci were in linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphic markers will be used to examine population structure and genetic diversity in this species.
Characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers in sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.)
Authors: DAILIANIS T. , LIMBORG M. , HANEL R. , BEKKEVOLD D. , LAGNEL J. , MAGOULAS A. , TSIGENOPOULOS C. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNine polymorphic microsatellites were isolated from sprat (Sprattus sprattus) using a microsatellite enrichment protocol and selective hybridization with a biotinylated (AC)12 probe. The loci showed different variation patterns in a Baltic Sea population (44 individuals) with mean number of alleles at 12.7 and mean observed heterozygosity at 0.78. These microsatellite loci are expected to be used for taxonomic considerations in sprat, stock differentiation and population genetic analysis.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in yellowtail catfish, Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: MOHINDRA VINDHYA , SINGH RAJEEV K. , PUNIA PEYUSH , GUPTA HARI SHANKAR , LAL KULDEEP K. , MISHRA AKHILESH , KUMAR RAJESH , SHAH RAMASHANKAR , LAKRA W. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA total of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were obtained from a genomic library of Pangasius pangasius (order Siluriformes, family Pangasiidae). Samples from rivers Bhagirathi (n = 22) and Mahanadi (n = 20) were genotyped for each of the nine microsatellite loci to determine genetic variation. The mean number of alleles per locus was 5.22 in Bhagirathi and 5.78 in Mahanadi; and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.567 (Bhagirathi) to 0.578 (Bhagirathi). Significant deviation (P < 0.003) from Hardy–Weinberg expectations was evident at three loci, Ppa2 (Bhagirathi), Ppa14 (Mahanadi) and Ppa28 (Bhagirathi and Mahanadi). The identified microsatellite loci were found to be promising for population genetics studies of P. pangasius.
Pigmentation effects of solar‐simulated radiation as compared with UVA and UVB radiation
Authors: Wolber Rainer , Schlenz Kathrin , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Smuda Christoph , Nakanishi Yukiko , Hearing Vincent J. , Ito Shosuke 
Published: June 2008

SummaryDifferent wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) radiation elicit different responses in the skin. UVA induces immediate tanning and persistent pigment darkening through oxidation of pre‐existing melanin or melanogenic precursors, while UVB induces delayed tanning which takes several days or longer to develop and requires activation of melanocytes. We compared the effects of a 2‐week repetitive exposure of human skin to solar‐simulated radiation (SSR), UVA or UVB at doses eliciting comparable levels of visible tanning and measured levels of melanins and melanin‐related metabolites. Levels of eumelanin and pheomelanin were significantly higher in the order of SSR, UVB, UVA or unexposed control skin. Levels of free 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa (5SCD) were elevated about 4‐fold in SSR‐ or UVB‐exposed skin compared with UVA‐exposed or control skin. Levels of protein‐bound form of 5SCD tended to be higher in SSR‐ or UVB‐exposed skin than in UVA‐exposed or control skin. Total levels of 5‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (5H6MI2C) and 6H5MI2C were higher in SSR‐ than in UVB‐exposed or control skin. These results show that SSR is more effective in promoting delayed tanning than UVB radiation alone, suggesting a synergistic effect of UVA radiation. Furthermore, free 5SCD may serve as a good marker of the effect of SSR and UVB.
The relationship between Rarebit perimetry and OCT‐derived retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in glaucoma
Authors: Katsanos Andreas , Labiris Georgios , Fanariotis Michael , Tsirouki Theodora , Chatzoulis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To examine the association between measures of neuroretinal matrix integrity as determined with Rarebit perimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived retinal nerve fibre layer thickness.Methods:  One randomly selected eye of 30 White primary open‐angle glaucoma patients (age: 60.9 ± 11.7 years; MD: −3.2 ± 5.1 dB) and 16 healthy White individuals (age: 33.2 ± 6.4 years; MD: −0.8 ± 0.8 dB) were included in the study. Participants underwent Rarebit perimetry testing (central field, software version 4) and an OCT fast retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) scan. Correlation was investigated between hemifield Rarebit scores and the corresponding RNFL values, as well as between global Rarebit scores and the respective RNFL measures.Results:  Statistically significant correlations of average hit rate (HR) < 90 and mean hit rate (MHR) were detected with Max–Min and average thickness (Pearson’s r ranging from 0.393 to 0.474). Number HR < 90 showed a moderate correlation only with Max–Min (r = −0.396, P = 0.030). Regarding the association between hemifield hit rates and the corresponding OCT thickness parameters, only inferior maximum correlated moderately with HR superior (r = 0.385, P = 0.035). A tendency was detected for the relationship of superior maximum with HR inferior (r = 0.345, P = 0.062). For the control group, no significant correlation was found for any of the global or hemifield indices and the corresponding thickness values.Conclusion:  Although Rarebit perimetry is based on a physiological principle distinctly different from conventional perimetry, it provides global indicators of neuroretinal matrix integrity that correlate with some OCT‐derived RNFL thickness measures.
Impact of Mucosal Inflammation on Cervical Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1)-Specific CD8 T-Cell Responses in the Female Genital Tract during Chronic HIV Infection
Authors: Gumbi Pamela P. , Nkwanyana Nonhlanhla N. , Bere Alfred , Burgers Wendy A. , Gray Clive M. , Williamson Anna-Lise , Hoffman Margaret , Coetzee David , Denny Lynette , Passmore Jo-Ann S. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe female genital tract is the major route of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission. Here, we investigated whether HIV-specific CD8 T-cell-mediated immune responses could be detected in the genital mucosa of chronically HIV-infected women and whether these were associated with either local mucosal HIV shedding or local immune factors. We found that CD8+T-cell gamma interferon responses to Gag were detectable at the cervix of HIV-infected women but that the magnitude of genital responses did not correlate with those similarly detected in blood. This indicates that ex vivo HIV responses in one compartment may not be predictive of those in the other. We found that increased genital tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels correlated significantly with levels of Gag-specific CD8+T cells at the cervix. Women who were detectably shedding virus in the genital tract had significantly increased cervical levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to women who were not detectably shedding virus. We were, however, unable to detect any association between the magnitude of cervical HIV-specific responses and mucosal HIV shedding. Our results support the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines in the female genital tract may promote HIV replication and shedding. In addition, we further show that inflammatory cytokines are associated with increased levels of HIV-specific CD8 effector cells at the genital mucosa but that these were not able to control genital HIV shedding.
Conserved Footprints of APOBEC3G on Hypermutated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K(HML2) Sequences
Authors: Armitage Andrew E. , Katzourakis Aris , de Oliveira Tulio , Welch John J. , Belshaw Robert , Bishop Kate N. , Kramer Beatrice , McMichael Andrew J. , Rambaut Andrew , Iversen Astrid K. N. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT
The human polynucleotide cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G (hA3G) and APOBEC3F (hA3F) are antiviral restriction factors capable of inducing extensive plus-strand guanine-to-adenine (G-to-A) hypermutation in a variety of retroviruses and retroelements, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). They differ in target specificity, favoring plus-strand 5′GG and 5′GA dinucleotide motifs, respectively. To characterize their mutational preferences in detail, we analyzed single-copy, near-full-length HIV-1 proviruses which had been hypermutated in vitro by hA3G or hA3F. hA3-induced G-to-A mutation rates were significantly influenced by the wider sequence context of the target G. Moreover, hA3G, and to a lesser extent hA3F, displayed clear tetranucleotide preference hierarchies, irrespective of the genomic region examined and overall hypermutation rate. We similarly analyzed patient-derived hypermutated HIV-1 genomes using a new method for estimating reference sequences. The majority of these, regardless of subtype, carried signatures of hypermutation that strongly correlated with those induced in vitro by hA3G. Analysis of genome-wide hA3-induced mutational profiles confirmed that hypermutation levels were reduced downstream of the polypurine tracts. Additionally, while hA3G mutations were found throughout the genome, hA3F often intensely mutated shorter regions, the locations of which varied between proviruses. We extended our analysis to human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) from the HERV-K(HML2) family, finding two elements that carried clear footprints of hA3G activity. This constitutes the most direct evidence to date for hA3G activity in the context of natural HERV infections, demonstrating the involvement of this restriction factor in defense against retroviral attacks over millions of years of human evolution.
Chk1 and Chk2 are differentially involved in homologous recombination repair and cell cycle arrest in response to DNA double-strand breaks induced by camptothecins
Authors: Huang Min , Miao Ze-Hong , Zhu Hong , Cai Yu-Jun , Lu Wei , Ding Jian 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Camptothecins (CPT) activate S or G2-M arrest and the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway in tumor cells. In this process, both checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 (Chk1 and Chk2, respectively) are activated, but their differential roles, especially in the coordination of checkpoint and repair control, and potential clinic relevance remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, the repairable double-strand breaks were induced in human colon cancer HCT116 cells by 1-h exposure to 25 or 100 nmol/L CPT and its novel derivative chimmitecan. The cellular disposal of double-strand breaks was reflected as the progressive dispersal of γ-H2AX foci, reduction of “comet” tails, dynamic activation of RAD51-mediated HR repair, and reversible G2-M arrest. In this model, the differential kinetics of Chk1 and Chk2 activation was characterized by the progressively increased phosphorylation of Chk2 until 72 h, the degradation of Chk1, and the disappearance of phosphorylated Chk1 48 h after drug removal. Using RNA interference, we further showed that Chk2 was essential to G2-M arrest, whereas Chk1 was mainly required for HR repair in CPT-treated HCT116 cells. Moreover, Chk2, rather than Chk1, predominated over the control of cell survival in this model. The differential roles of Chk1 and Chk2 in regulating HR repair and G2-M phase arrest were also confirmed in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Together, these findings systematically dissect the differential roles of Chk1 and Chk2 in a favorable model pursuing CPT-driven DNA damage responses, providing critical evidence to further explore checkpoint modulation, especially Chk2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in combination with CPT. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(6):1440–9]
Recombinant, refolded tetrameric p53 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-p53 slow proliferation and induce apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells
Authors: LaFevre-Bernt Michelle , Wu Shili , Lin Xinli 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is mutated in over 50% of human cancers. Mutations resulting in amino acid changes within p53 result in a loss of activity and consequent changes in expression of genes that regulate DNA repair and cell cycle progression. Replacement of p53 using protein therapy would restore p53 function in p53-deficient tumor cells, with a consequence of tumor cell death and tumor regression. p53 functions in a tetrameric form in vivo. Here, we refolded a wild-type, full-length p53 from inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli as a stable tetramer. The tetrameric p53 binds to p53-specific DNA and, when transformed into a p53-deficient cancer cell line, induced apoptosis of the transformed cells. Next, using the same expression and refolding technology, we produced a stable tetramer of recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone-p53 fusion protein (GnRH-p53), which traverses the plasma membrane, slows proliferation, and induces apoptosis in p53-deficient, GnRH-receptor–expressing cancer cell lines. In addition, we showed a time-dependent binding and internalization of GnRH-p53 to a receptor-expressing cell line. We conclude that the GnRH-p53 fusion strategy may provide a basis for constructing an effective cancer therapeutic for patients with tumors in GnRH-receptor–positive tissue types. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(6):1420–9]
17-Acetoxyjolkinolide B irreversibly inhibits IκB kinase and induces apoptosis of tumor cells
Authors: Yan Shou-Sheng , Li Ying , Wang Ying , Shen Shen-Si , Gu Yuan , Wang Hong-Bing , Qin Guo-Wei , Yu Qiang 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is critically important for tumor cell survival, growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. One of the key events in the NF-κB signaling is the activation of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK) in response to stimuli of various cytokines. We have identified 17-acetoxyjolkinolide B (17-AJB) from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Euphorbia fischeriana Steud as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of IKK. 17-AJB effectively inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α–induced NF-κB activation and induced apoptosis of tumor cells. 17-AJB had no effect on binding of tumor necrosis factor-α to its receptor or on binding of NF-κB to DNA. It inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. Detailed analysis revealed that the direct target of 17-AJB was IKK. 17-AJB kept IKK in its phosphorylated form irreversibly. This irreversible modification of IKK inactivated its kinase activity, leading to its failure to activate NF-κB. The effect of 17-AJB on IKK was specific. It had no effect on other kinases such as p38, p44/42, and JNK. In addition, 17-AJB induced apoptosis in tumor cells. The effects of 17-AJB on apoptosis correlated with inhibition of expression of the NF-κB-regulated genes. Taken together, our data suggest that 17-AJB is a novel type NF-κB pathway inhibitor. Its unique interaction mechanism with IKK may render it a strong apoptosis inducer of tumor cells and a novel type anticancer drug candidate. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(6):1523–32]