bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-Induced Myopathies
Authors: Bromberg Mark B 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

The incidence of drug-induced myopathic disorders is unknown. Estimates depend in part on definitions used. Cholesterol-lowering agents have been singled out as common offenders. However, the large number of available drugs, polypharmacy especially among the elderly, and known risk factors make the incidence of mild muscle disorders likely more common than suspected, but severe myopathies are likely rare. This article considers factors contributing to drug-induced myopathies and reviews examples of offending drugs.
Pediatric Deaths Due to Otolaryngologic Causes: A Population‐Based Study in Massachusetts, 1990–2002
Authors: Mehta Ritvik P. , Chesnulovitch Katrina , Jones Dwight T. , Roberson David W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: To identify the most common otolaryngologic causes of mortality in the 0 to 19 age group in the state of Massachusetts and to estimate the pediatric otolaryngologic mortality rate based on population data.Study Design: Population‐based retrospective cohort study.Methods: The Massachusetts State Registry of Vital Records and Statistics electronic database was searched for all otolaryngology related causes of death from 1990 to 2002 for children aged 0 to 19. The individual death certificates were then reviewed, and a database of otolaryngology related pediatric deaths was created.Results: A total of 59 otolaryngology related deaths were identified in the pediatric population from 1990 to 2002. Eighty‐one percent of deaths occurred because of airway compromise caused by infection, anatomic obstruction, or congenital anomaly. The remaining 19% of deaths occurred because of aspiration, nonairway infections, and malignant neoplasms. Ninety‐five percent of deaths in the children under age 10 were caused by airway compromise. Six of seven deaths (86%) in the age 15 to 19 group occurred because of malignant neoplasms. The overall mortality rate caused by otolaryngologic causes was estimated to be 0.28 per 100,000 population.Conclusions: The overall mortality rate for otolaryngology related deaths is low in the pediatric population. The vast majority of deaths are caused by airway compromise, primarily because of laryngotracheobronchitis or other upper airway obstruction. In older children (ages 15–19), malignant head and neck neoplasms are the leading cause of otolaryngology related deaths.
Transnasal Endoscopic Resection of Lesions of the Clivus: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Solares C Arturo , Fakhri Samer , Batra Pete S. , Lee Joung , Lanza Donald C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: To review our experience with transnasal endoscopic resection of clival lesions.Background: Because of the surrounding vital structures and the difficulties in achieving wide surgical exposure, the treatment of clival lesions is challenging. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, many centers use facial incisions and osteotomies to approach clival lesions. Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques have the potential to minimize morbidity while yielding similar surgical results.Study Design: Retrospective chart analysis.Materials and Methods: Patients with tumors involving the clivus that underwent endoscopic resection between 2000 and 2004 were identified. Charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics, previous therapies, diagnosis, tumor extent, management modalities, length of hospital stay, complications, and outcome.Results: A total of six patients were identified. There were four males and two females with a mean age of 50 years, ranging from 29 to 66 years. The most common presenting symptoms were visual disturbances. Three patients had prior craniotomy with subtotal tumor resection. The pathology included three clival chordomas, and one each of meningioma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. All patients were managed with computer‐aided transnasal endoscopic tumor resection with neurosurgical standby or involvement. None of the patients required additional craniotomies. The mean follow‐up was 13 (range, 8‐24) months. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy was used in three patients, and two patients are currently undergoing proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT). The average length of hospital stay was 2 (range, 2‐3) days. There were no major postoperative complications. At the last follow‐up, five patients were alive with two patients being free of disease. Two patients with residual disease are currently undergoing PBRT, and one patient developed distant metastasis. One patient died of unrelated causes.Conclusions: This preliminary report suggests that transnasal endoscopic management of clival lesions is a viable option to traditional open approaches with acceptable morbidity and mortality. The use of computer‐aided surgery further minimizes surgical risks while maximizing tumor resection.
Open Set Speech Perception with Auditory Brainstem Implant?
Authors: Colletti Vittorio , Shannon Robert V. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: Only a small percentage of auditory brainstem implant (ABI) recipients treated for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) have proved capable of identifying words using only the sound from the ABI. Recently, the ABI was applied to a series of patients with no cochlear nerve or with cochlear disorders that could not benefit from a cochlear implant (i.e., cochlear nerve aplasia or posttraumatic avulsion) or whose benefit was or would be severely compromised. A significant number of these patients have proven capable of understanding speech, including effortless telephone use. In the present study, a series of psychophysical tests were administered to determine the cause of the difference in performance between tumor (T) and nontumor (NT) ABI patients.Study Design: Retrospective case review.Setting: Tertiary referral center.Patients: Twenty patients with ABIs participated in the investigation. Ten were NF2 patients and 10 NT subjects. Patient ages ranged from 24 to 61 years. Eleven were males and nine females.Intervention: Auditory rehabilitation in auditory disconnection caused by cochlea or cochlear nerve disorders.Results: There was a significant correlation between modulation detection thresholds and speech understanding and a significant difference in modulation detection between T and NT patients.Conclusions: The difference in modulation detection between the two groups suggests a difference in the survival of specific cells in the cochlear nucleus that support modulation. The pattern of results indicates a separate pathway of auditory processing that is specialized for modulated sounds, and that pathway is critical for speech understanding. In NF2 patients, the tumor and surgery may selectively damage this pathway, resulting in poor speech recognition with prosthetic stimulation.
Osteoradionecrosis with Combined Mandibulotomy and Marginal Mandibulectomy
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chun , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Hao Sheng‐Po , Wu Chia‐Chen , Huang Shan‐Shung 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIntroduction: To evaluate the outcome of simultaneous anterior mandibulotomy and marginal mandibulectomy for patients with oral cavity cancer.Material and Methods: The medical charts of seven patients who underwent simultaneous anterior mandibulotomy and marginal mandibulectomy for oral cavity cancer between July 1994 and June 2004 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan were retrospectively reviewed. These seven patients had no prior radiation therapy nor clinical or radiographic evidence of mandible bone invasion.Results: Seven patients, between 34 to 62 years of age, were followed up in the clinics from 4.5 to 39 months with an average of 19.4 months. Five (71%) patients developed mandible osteoradionecrosis. Among them, two patients underwent radical sequestrectomy followed by reconstruction with a free fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap or soft tissue flap, and the other three patients either received removal of the mandible fixation miniplate, limited sequestrectomy of the mandible, or conservative antibiotic treatment individually.Conclusions: Simultaneous anterior mandibulotomy and marginal mandibulectomy results in a high morbidity rate of avascular necrosis of the mandible and therefore should be avoided. To avoid a disastrous complication, segmental mandibulectomy and a composite free fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap reconstruction would be a preferred surgical alternative.
Voice Disorders in the General Population: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Occupational Impact
Authors: Roy Nelson , Merrill Ray M. , Gray Steven D. , Smith Elaine M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: Epidemiologic studies of the prevalence and risk factors of voice disorders in the general adult population are rare. The purpose of this investigation was to 1) determine the prevalence of voice disorders, 2) identify variables associated with increased risk of voice disorders, and 3) establish the functional impact of voice disorders on the general population.Study Design: Cross‐sectional telephone survey.Methods: A random sample (n = 1,326) of adults in Iowa and Utah was interviewed using a questionnaire that addressed three areas related to voice disorders: prevalence, potential risk factors, and occupational consequences/effects.Results: The lifetime prevalence of a voice disorder was 29.9%, with 6.6% of participants reporting a current voice disorder. Stepwise logistic regression identified specific factors that uniquely contributed to increased odds of reporting a chronic voice disorder including sex (women), age (40–59 years), voice use patterns and demands, esophageal reflux, chemical exposures, and frequent cold/sinus infections. However, tobacco or alcohol use did not independently increase the odds of reporting of a chronic voice disorder. Voice disorders adversely impacted job performance and attendance, with 4.3% of participants indicating that their voice had limited or rendered them unable to do certain tasks in their current job. Furthermore, 7.2% of employed respondents reported that they were absent from work 1 or more days in the past year because of their voice, and 2% reported more than 4 days of voice‐related absence.Conclusions: The results of this large epidemiologic study provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of voice disorders, factors that contribute to voice disorder vulnerability, and the functional impact of voice problems on the general population.
Protective Effect of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss in Mice
Authors: Kim Joung Uk , Lee Hyun Jung , Kang Hun Hee , Shin Jin Woo , Ku Seung Woo , Ahn Joong Ho , Kim Young Jin , Chung Jong Woo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHypothesis/Objectives:To examine the protective effect of general anesthesia with isoflurane against noise‐induced hearing loss in mice.Study Design:Animal study using noise stimulation and measurement of hearing in BALB/c mice.Methods:Mice were exposed to 122 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level click noise for 3 hours per day for 3 consecutive days with or without anesthesia using isoflurane. Hearing levels were measured and hair cell survival ratio was observed.Results:In mice without anesthesia, hearing threshold increased after noise stimulation (73.7 dB hearing level [HL]) and persisted for at least 1 month. However, in mice exposed to noise under anesthesia, hearing loss was less severe (44.1 dB HL) and had recovered more (26.5 dB HL) by one month. Histological examination showed hair cell survival was higher in anesthetized compared to non‐anesthetized mice.Conclusion:These data indicate isoflurane general anesthesia protects against noise‐induced hearing loss and tissue damage in mice.
Olivocochlear Activity and Temporary Threshold Shift‐Susceptibility in Humans
Authors: Wagner W , Heppelmann G , Kuehn M , Tisch M , Vonthein R , Zenner H ‐P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStudy Objectives: Animal studies (guinea pig, cat, chinchilla) have shown that activity of the medial olivocochlear efferents can exert noise‐protective effects on the cochlea. It is not yet known whether such effects are also existent in humans. Olivocochlear activity can be estimated indirectly by contralateral suppression (CS) of otoacoustic emissions (OAE).Material and Methods: We measured Input/Output functions of distortion products of OAE (DPOAE), with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation by white noise, in 94 normal hearing young male subjects. Seven stimuli with L2 between 20 and 60 dB SPL and L1 = 39 dB + 0.4 L2 (“scissor paradigm”) were used at f2 = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 kHz. The measurement was repeated 2 weeks later. In 83 subjects of the same group, pure tone audiometry was registered before and 6 minutes after shooting exercises to evaluate individual susceptibility to develop a temporary threshold shift (TTS).Results: Test‐retest repeatability of CS was generally good. CS averaged 0.98 dB SPL (SD 1.19 dB, median 0.56 dB). As expected, CS was greatest at low stimulus levels (median 1.06 dB at L2 = 20 dB, as compared with 0.33 dB at L2 = 60 dB). The smallest average CS was found at 4 kHz, and the greatest CS appeared at 2 kHz. A TTS occurred in 7 of 83 (8.5%) subjects. Statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation between the amount of CS and individual TTS susceptibility.Conclusions and Outlook: 1) Measurement of CS of DPOAE using an extensive measurement paradigm revealed good test‐retest repeatability, confirming the reliability of this audiologic tool. 2) CS of DPOAE does not predict individual susceptibility to mild TTS induced by impulse noise in humans. Possible explanations for the missing association are discussed. Future perspectives include longitudinal studies to further elucidate the association between medial olivocochlear bundle‐activity and permanent threshold shift in humans. The goal is to develop a diagnostic tool for the prediction of individual noise vulnerability in humans, thereby preventing noise‐induced hearing loss.
In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography of the Human Larynx: Normative and Benign Pathology in 82 Patients
Authors: Wong Brian J. F. , Jackson Ryan P. , Guo Shuguang , Ridgway James M. , Mahmood Usama , Su Jianping , Shibuya Terry Y. , Crumley Roger L. , Gu Mai , Armstrong William B. , Chen Zhongping 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality that combines low‐coherence light with interferometry to produce cross‐sectional images of tissue with resolution about 10 μm. Patients undergoing surgical head and neck endoscopy were examined using a fiberoptic OCT imaging probe to study and characterize microstructural anatomy and features of the larynx and benign laryngeal pathology in vivo.Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.Materials and Methods: OCT imaging of the larynx was performed in 82 of 115 patients who underwent surgical endoscopy for various head and neck pathologies. The OCT device employs a 1.3 μm broadband light source (FWHM, 80 nm). The frame rate is 1 Hz. Imaging was performed using a handheld probe placed in near contact with the target site. The maximum axial and lateral dimensions for the region of interest imaged were 2.5 mm × 6 mm, with resolutions of 10 μm. Simultaneously, conventional endoscopic images were obtained to provide anatomic correlation with OCT images and histology. Optical micrometry was performed to measure the epithelium thickness.Results: Systematic OCT imaging of laryngeal structures and subsites provided information on the thickness of the epithelium, integrity of the basement membrane, and structure of the lamina propria. Microstructural features identified included glands, ducts, blood vessels, fluid collection/edema, and the transitions between pseudostratified columnar and stratified squamous epithelium. The mean epithelial thickness of laryngeal subsites was calculated: true vocal cord (129 μm), false vocal cords (124 μm), aryepiglottic fold (177 μm), subglottis (98 μm), and epiglottis (185 μm). True vocal cord pathology imaged included Reinke's edema, papillomatosis, polyps, mucous cysts, and granulation tissue. Subglottic imaging identified boundaries between epithelium, lamina propria, and cartilage. The OCT images compared favorably with conventional histopathology.Conclusion: OCT has the unique ability to image laryngeal tissue microstructure and can detail microanatomic changes in benign, premalignant, and malignant laryngeal pathologies. OCT holds the potential to guide surgical biopsies, direct therapy, and monitor disease, particularly when office‐based systems are developed. This is a promising imaging modality to study the larynx.
Orbital Exenteration Reconstruction With Rectus Abdominis Microvascular Free Flap
Authors: Pryor Shepherd G. , Moore Eric J. , Kasperbauer Jan L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectives: To determine the course of reconstructive treatment and outcomes with use of the rectus abdominis free flap after orbital exenteration with or without total maxillectomy.Study Design: Retrospective chart review of treatment and outcomes of patients who had rectus abdominis free‐tissue transfer for orbital exenteration with or without total maxillectomy at the Mayo Clinic between 1994 and 2004.Methods: Charts of patients who had rectus abdominis free flap reconstruction after orbital exenteration were retrospectively reviewed and the surgical technique evaluated. An explanation of the surgical technique for rectus abdominis free‐tissue transfer to the orbital cavity is provided, along with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this reconstructive method.Results: Twelve of 13 patients who underwent reconstruction with rectus abdominis free‐tissue transfer had a successful outcome (flap viability 92%). Cosmetic results were acceptable both to patients and to surgeons.Conclusions: Rectus abdominis microvascular free‐tissue transfer for repair of orbital exenteration defects is a safe and reliable alternative to the use of the temporalis or the pectoralis major muscle as a pedicle flap; it provides a larger volume of well‐vascularized tissue and greater placement flexibility without associated orientation problems; and the long vascular pedicle facilitates the use of multiple donor vessels within the head and neck, which is an advantage in previously irradiated patients. Postoperative care and the donor site defect are well tolerated. The flap allows reliable obturation of the oral maxillectomy defect, and it negates the need for cavity care in these patients.
Novel Strategy for Treatment of Inner Ears using a Biodegradable Gel
Authors: Endo Tsuyoshi , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kita Tomoko , Iguchi Fukuichiro , Kim Tae‐Soo , Tamura Tetsuya , Iwai Koji , Tabata Yasuhiko , Ito Juichi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable hydrogel as a drug‐delivery medium for the inner ear. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was chosen as the agent to be administered.Method: First, we used an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure BDNF concentrations in the cochlear fluid after placing a hydrogel containing this agent onto the round‐window membrane of the ear. Second, the functional and histologic protection of the auditory primary neurons (spiral ganglion neurons [SGNs]) by BDNF applied through the hydrogel was examined using an animal model of SGN degeneration.Results: The results revealed sustained delivery of BDNF into the cochlear fluid by way of the hydrogel. Second, the functional and histologic protection of the auditory primary neurons (SGNs) by BDNF applied through the hydrogel was examined using an animal model of SGN degeneration. The measurement of electrically evoked auditory‐brainstem responses demonstrated that BDNF delivered by way of the hydrogel significantly reduced the threshold elevation. Immunohistochemistry for neurofilament 200 kD demonstrated increased survival of SGNs because of BDNF application through the hydrogel.Conclusion: These findings indicate that biodegradable hydrogels can be used for drug delivery to the inner ear.
Identification, Expression, and Evolutionary Analyses of Plant Lipocalins
Authors: Frenette Charron Jean-Benoit , Ouellet François , Pelletier Mélanie , Danyluk Jean , Chauve Cédric , Sarhan Fathey 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Lipocalins are a group of proteins that have been characterized in bacteria, invertebrate, and vertebrate animals. However, very little is known about plant lipocalins. We have previously reported the cloning of the first true plant lipocalins. Here we report the identification and characterization of plant lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins using an integrated approach of data mining, expression studies, cellular localization, and phylogenetic analyses. Plant lipocalins can be classified into two groups, temperature-induced lipocalins (TILs) and chloroplastic lipocalins (CHLs). In addition, violaxanthin de-epoxidases (VDEs) and zeaxanthin epoxidases (ZEPs) can be classified as lipocalin-like proteins. CHLs, VDEs, and ZEPs possess transit peptides that target them to the chloroplast. On the other hand, TILs do not show any targeting peptide, but localization studies revealed that the proteins are found at the plasma membrane. Expression analyses by quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins is associated with abiotic stress response and is correlated with the plant's capacity to develop freezing tolerance. In support of this correlation, data mining revealed that lipocalins are present in the desiccation-tolerant red algae Porphyra yezoensis and the cryotolerant marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, suggesting a possible association with stress-tolerant organisms. Considering the plant lipocalin properties, tissue specificity, response to temperature stress, and their association with chloroplasts and plasma membranes of green leaves, we hypothesize a protective function of the photosynthetic system against temperature stress. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that TIL lipocalin members in higher plants were probably inherited from a bacterial gene present in a primitive unicellular eukaryote. On the other hand, CHLs, VDEs, and ZEPs may have evolved from a cyanobacterial ancestral gene after the formation of the cyanobacterial endosymbiont from which the chloroplast originated.
Metabolite Profiling of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Nutrient Deprivation
Authors: Bölling Christian , Fiehn Oliver 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
A metabolite profiling technique for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells for multiparallel analysis of low-molecular weight polar compounds was developed. The experimental protocol was optimized to quickly inactivate enzymatic activity, achieve maximum extraction capacity, and process large sample quantities. As a result of the rapid sampling, extraction, and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, more than 800 analytes from a single sample could be measured, of which more than 100 could be identified. Analyte responses could be determined mostly with ses less than 10%. Wild-type cells of C. reinhardtii strain CC-125 subjected to nitrogen-, phosphorus-, sulfur-, or iron-depleted growth conditions develop highly distinctive metabolite profiles. Individual metabolites undergo marked changes in their steady-state levels. Compared to control conditions, sulfur-depleted cells accumulated 4-hydroxyproline more than 50-fold, whereas the amount of 2-ketovaline was reduced to 2% of control levels. The contribution of each compound to the differences observed in the metabolic phenotypes is summarized in a quantitatively rigorous way by principal component analysis, which clearly discriminates the cells from different growth regimes and indicates that phosphorus-depleted conditions induce a deficiency syndrome quite different from the response to nitrogen, sulfur, or iron starvation.