bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the role of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene for enhancing the photosynthetic rate in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gulzar Fatima , Ahmad Raza , Kwan Suk-Yoon , Khan Zulqurnain , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Shah Mohmmad Maroof , Rehman Shoaib ur , Siddique Maria , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Shahzadi Irum , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Ishaq Muhmmad Zahid , Waheed Ummara 
Published: April 2024

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) was successfully transformed with the gene fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and named as AtFBPase plants. Transgenic plants exhibited stable transformation, integration and significantly higher expressions for the transformed gene. Morphological evaluation of transgenic plants showed increased plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (25), chlorophyll contents (28%), water use efficiency (increased from 1.5 to 2.6 μmol CO2 μmol−1 H2O) and stomatal conductance (20%), which all resulted in an enhanced photosynthetic rate (2.7 μmol m−2 s−1) compared to wild type plants. This study suggests the vital role of FBPase gene in the modification of regulatory pathways to enhance the photosynthetic rate, which can also be utilised for economic crops in future.
Óláfr pái Hǫskuldsson’s landing in Ireland (Laxdæla saga) in light of the Irish law
of the shore
Authors: Sayers William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article compares the commercial knowledge of a Norwegian skipper in the Icelandic Laxdæla
saga with the medieval Irish law of the shore, now accessible in recently edited Irish legal tracts. His knowledge of
Ireland is matched by the ship’s master, Óláfr paí Hǫskuldsson, son of an enslaved mother but grandson of an
Irish king. The essay reviews the possibility of cultural transfers from the medieval Norse-Celtic world of Ireland and the
Scottish Isles to settlement-era Iceland in the spheres of story-telling, law, and governance.
Addenda zum Etymologischen Wörterbuch der friesischen Adjektiva, Teil III
Authors: Faltings Volkert F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
When the Etymologisches Wörterbuch der friesischen Adjektiva appeared in 2010, the author was well aware that with the complexity of the Frisian linguistic situation and its often unpublished handwritten sources, he would have missed one or two interesting adjectives. Thirteen additional Frisian adjectives have meanwhile been found in other until now less regarded lexicographic material: germ. *auþa‑ ‘easy’, *ferhwta‑ ‘endowed with a good spirit’, *gillja‑ ‘gaping, protruding’, *hlaupja‑ ‘unpicking, riving’, *krupila‑ ‘crippled’, *lega‑ ‘lying’, *lunka‑ ‘smirched, blotted’, *mūka‑ ‘mellow’, *slunka‑ ‘of reduced quality’, *stamara‑ ‘stammering’, *stamma‑ ‘talking inhibited’, *straka‑ ‘streched’, *sturra‑ ‘stiff, standing off rigidly’. These adjectives will be subjected to an etymological investigation below. This article is the third supplement with such analyses.
A numerical investigation of a well-known nonlinear Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation using the rank polynomial of the star graph
Authors: Kumbinarasaiah S , Nirmala A N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mathematical models of pattern formation are indispensable tools in various fields, from developmental biology to ecology, providing insights into complex phenomena and contributing to our understanding of the natural world. These patterns have been extensively studied using reaction-diffusion and NewellWhiteheadSegel models. This article intended to find an approximate numerical solution to the NewellWhiteheadSegel equation. The appearance of stripe patterns in two-dimensional systems is explained in nonlinear systems using the NewellWhiteheadSegel equation. Based on the function basis of rank polynomials of star graphs and the well-posed operational matrices, the rank polynomial collocation method is constructed. The alleged rank polynomial collocation method created a system of nonlinear algebraic equations from the nonlinear NewellWhiteheadSegel equation. The nonlinear NewellWhiteheadSegel equation solution is approximated by solving the resulting system via Newton’s Raphson method. Numerical instances are provided to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the technique. Verification of accuracy is accomplished by calculating error norms. The obtained numerical results show a reasonable degree of consistency with the findings reported in the current literature. The scheme’s primary benefit is the algorithm’s ease of implementation.
Theoretical predicted Janus SrAlGaTe4: effects of strain and electric field and its topological properties
Authors: Gao Xiaojing , Niu Xiaobin , Wang Jianwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The asymmetric Janus SrAlGaTe4, constructed from its parent SrGa2Te4 monolayer, was predicted theoretically by first principle calculations. Its stability was confirmed by phonon structure without imaginary frequency and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The Janus structure reduces the symmetry of SrGa2Te4 monolayer, which causes the absence of topological states in free-standing Janus SrAlGaTe4. To explore the possible electronic and topological properties, the effects of strain and external electric field, working as effective modulation methods for the electronic properties, were investigated. The SrAlGaTe4 monolayer undergoes a direct-to-indirect bandgap transition when the in-plane biaxial compressive strain is −8%. When the tensile strain is 9% or the electric field is 0.5 V Å−1, the Janus SrAlGaTe4 monolayer exhibits topological insulator (TI) characters, which was confirmed by the evolution of the Wannier charge centers (WCC). And the critical values for the topological transition are 2% for the biaxial tensile strain, and 0.2 V/Å for the applied electric field. The asymmetric Janus structure induces a Rashba spin splitting not only in the valence band but also in the conduction band near the Fermi level when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is present. Our findings offer theoretical insights into the exotic physical properties of SrAlGaTe4 and also provide guides to new spintronic device designs.
Analyzing magnetic dipole impact in fluid flow with endothermic/exothermic reactions: neural network simulation
Authors: R S Varun Kumar , K Chandan , Sharma Naman , K Karthik , R Naveen Kumar , Punith Gowda R J , Muhammad Taseer , Singh Gill Harjot 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The consequence of exothermic/endothermic chemical reactions and Arrhenius activation on the heat and mass transport of the liquid flow past a cylinder in the incidence of a magnetic dipole is considered in the current investigation. Magnetic dipoles are used in medical applications such as magnotherapy and spectroscopy, to produce static magnetic fields. Scientists and engineers can improve the effectiveness of chemical reactions or heat transfer operations by analyzing the impact of reactions on flow and building systems with optimized flows. The modelled equations are converted into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables. The resultant equations are solved by employing the physics-informed neural network (PINN) technique. Additionally, the comparison of PINN with the numerical method Runge–Kutta Fehlberg’s fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) is studied. The effects of different parameters on the temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles for endothermic/exothermic instances are shown graphically. The thermal, velocity, and concentration profiles get stronger as the curvature parameter values increase for both endothermic and exothermic cases. The influence of activation energy parameters, chemical reaction parameters, and endothermic/exothermic reaction parameters on the thermal and concentration is also depicted.
Anharmonic effects on the squeezing of axion perturbations
Authors: Danieli Valentina , Kobayashi Takeshi , Bartolo Nicola , Matarrese Sabino , Viel Matteo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is assumed in standard cosmology that the Universe underwent a period of inflation in its earliest phase, providing the seeds for structure formation through vacuum fluctuations of the inflaton scalar field. These fluctuations get stretched by the quasi-exponential expansion of the Universe and become squeezed.
The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the squeezing process, considering the effect of self-interactions.
Axion-like particles can provide a useful setup to study this effect.
Specifically we focus on the consequences that a non-trivial evolution of the background axion field has on the squeezing of the perturbations.
We follow the evolution of the axion's fluctuation modes from the horizon exit during inflation to the radiation-dominated epoch.
We compute Bogoliubov coefficients and squeezing parameters, which are linked to the axion particle number and isocurvature perturbation. We find that the quantum mechanical particle production and the squeezing of the perturbations are enhanced, if one accounts for anharmonic effects, i.e., the effect of higher order terms in the potential. This effect becomes particularly strong towards the hilltop of the potential.
Biogas Production in a Variety of Sawdust and Cow Dung Mixtures Using the Intermittent Mixing Method
Authors: Mochtar A A , Jalaluddin  , Mangkau A , Sakka A , Aqsa I , Khoir M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cow dung is livestock waste that is very useful for renewable energy sources. The acceleration of the gas rate in cow dung biogas fermentation can be accelerated by the addition of secondary material, sawdust is one of the organic materials that can accelerate the rate of gas production in the formation of cow dung biogas. This study used a mixture composition: (B1) 675 g cow dung and 0 g sawdust, (B2) 472.5 g cow dung and 202.5 sawdust, (B3) 450 g cow dung and 225 g sawdust, and (B4) 427.5 g cow dung and 247.5 g of sawdust by fermentation for 20 days. In the research process, measurements of pH at the beginning and at the end of the study, gas pressure, gas volume, biodigester temperature, production rate, methane gas content, and flame test were carried out. In this study, the pH values ranged from 7-7.5 and the biodigester temperature was 27.5-31°C. The results of this study indicate that an organic mixture with a mixture of sawdust can accelerate production faster than without organic sawdust. Optimal results are found in the variation of the organic mixture of sawdust with a mixture of 450 g cow dung and 250 g sawdust having the highest production rate of 281.72 ml/day.
Experimental Study of the Influence of Flap Angle Configuration on the Drag Coefficient of Airfoil Model of Homebuilt Aircraft
Authors: Salam N , Tarakka R , Kasim L , Wahab M A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Homebuilt aircraft are experimental aircraft, of which at least 51% of the aircraft parts are self-supporting and not factory-made. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the flap angle configuration of a homebuilt aircraft airfoil and determine the drag coefficient (CD) of the airfoil on the flap angle configuration. This research method uses an experimental approach, which is carried out in a wind tunnel at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University Gowa. The homebuilt aircraft wing model uses the NACA 23012 airfoil model, by treating the main airfoil flap angle configuration (Fu) with the same control airfoil or aileron (Fk) flap angle at 5 (five) levels of flap angle variations, namely -150, 00, 150, 300, and 450. Furthermore, each configuration of the airfoil flap is flowed with air at the same speed of 22 m/s or at Reynolds number Re = 270,886 at 6 (six) levels of angle of attack (α), namely at angles of -150, -100, 00, 50, 100 and 150. The results of this study indicate that the maximum value of CD always occurs at 150 and angle Fk = 450 for all variations of the Fu angle. The maximum value of CD = 2.8656 occurs at the same angle Fu and angle Fk, namely at angles of 450 and α = 150, while the minimum value of CD = 0.3144 occurs at the same angle Fu and Fk, namely at angles 00 and α = -100.
Investigation of surface roughness and tool wear in milling of AISI 4340 steel
Authors: Aminy A Y , Arsyad H , Fahri  , Hayat A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Investigation of surface roughness and tool wear in milling of AISI 4340 steel has been conducted with a 4-flutes endmill. The relationships between cutting force, surface roughness and cutting parameter were investigated To determine the tool life of the tool. It is required to research the wear of the tool and the roughness of the machining results on the material tested. In this research, the test material used is AISI 4340 steel with a cooling method in the cutting process. The cutting model is slot mill cutting. To determine the wear of the cutting, a variation of the cutting thickness was performed where the selected cutting thickness was 0.5mm, 1mm, and 1.75mm. The tests that have been done are surface roughness testing, tool wear, and tool photos after cutting. The result obtained from the study is the highest level of roughness on the material cutting poses with a cutting thickness of 1.75 mm. In addition, the most optimal wear results on cutting with a cutting depth of 1 mm.
Development of Amplitude Measurement System for Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Micro Forming
Authors: Kiswanto G , Dwiyati S T , Adityawarman R A , Mendrofa E J P , Tjong H T , Abdurrohman W Z 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Microforming is a process that involves forming a material through plastic deformation at a micro level. However, this method encounters an issue at the micro-scale known as the size effect. There are several new approaches to overcome these difficulties, one of which is using Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted (UVA) micro forming. UVA micro forming is a forming method by applying high-frequency vibrations to the workpiece to reduce forming forces, increase smooth zone, reduce surface roughness, and increase accuracy. A bolted Langevin transducer is needed to produce vibration, which converts electrical signals into acoustic signals in the ultrasonic frequency range. Therefore, the vibration characteristics must be considered in detail to find the best parameters in the micro forming process. This study aims to develop an amplitude measurement system for UVA micro forming. Several things that need to be considered in designing a measurement system are pre-stress characteristics, resonant frequency of the machine, and the amplitude of the vibration generated by the system. Firstly, a pre-stress test was carried out by tightening the pre-stress bolt slowly until the resonant frequency did not change. Then, the resonant frequency is measured using signal generator, oscilloscope, transducer, and resistor to determine the system’s resonant frequency. Finally, the vibration amplitude is measured by observing the displacement at the end of the punch using a digimatic indicator. The result shows that the resonance frequency that produces longitudinal vibration for UVA micro forming system is 28,720 Hz, with a pre-stress of 30 MPa with torque of 14.36 Nm, and total displacement on the normal axis is 9 μm.
Topological and geometric analysis of cell states in single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Huynh Tram , Cang Zixuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables dissecting cellular heterogeneity in tissues, resulting in numerous biological discoveries. Various computational methods have been devised to delineate cell types by clustering scRNA-seq data, where clusters are often annotated using prior knowledge of marker genes. In addition to identifying pure cell types, several methods have been developed to identify cells undergoing state transitions, which often rely on prior clustering results. The present computational approaches predominantly investigate the local and first-order structures of scRNA-seq data using graph representations, while scRNA-seq data frequently display complex high-dimensional structures. Here, we introduce scGeom, a tool that exploits the multiscale and multidimensional structures in scRNA-seq data by analyzing the geometry and topology through curvature and persistent homology of both cell and gene networks. We demonstrate the utility of these structural features to reflect biological properties and functions in several applications, where we show that curvatures and topological signatures of cell and gene networks can help indicate transition cells and the differentiation potential of cells. We also illustrate that structural characteristics can improve the classification of cell types.
The city nature challenge: A global citizen science phenomenon contributing to biodiversity knowledge and informing local government practices
Authors: Palma Estibaliz , Mata Luis , Cohen Kylie , Evans Doug , Gandy Bernard , Gaskell Nadine , Hatchman Hiliary , Mezzetti Anna , Neumann Deborah , O'Keefe Jessica , Shaw Amy , Wells Millie , Williams Laurence , Hahs Amy K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The bioblitz phenomenon has recently branched into cities, presenting exciting opportunities for local governments to channel participants’ efforts toward local issues. The City Nature Challenge (CNC) is one such initiative that has been quickly taken up by hundreds of municipalities worldwide. Despite high levels of participation, we still lack a framework for evaluating how the CNC contributes to local biodiversity knowledge and to inform local government practices. In the present article, we develop such a tool and present a case study that illustrates its applicability. We demonstrate that the collected records contributed to a better understanding of contemporary, local biodiversity patterns and provide a more realistic representation of understudied groups such as insects and fungi. Importantly, we show that the CNC presented local governments with a cost-effective tool to make informed, evidence-based management and policy decisions, improve education and engagement programs, foster cross-council collaborations, and support a stronger sense of environmental stewardship within the local community.
Insulin resistance impairs biologic agent response in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: insights from a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Huang Dawei , Zhong Xiaoyuan , Jiang Yuxiong , Kong Luyang , Ma Rui , Lu Jiajing , Li Ying , Shi Yuling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related, but it remains unclear whether IR affects the treatment of patients with psoriasis.

Objective
To investigate whether IR impairs the treatment response to biologic agents in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Methods
This project was based on a prospective cohort study design. Data were collected from the Shanghai Psoriasis Effectiveness Evaluation CoHort (SPEECH), which is a prospective cohort exploring treatment strategies for psoriasis in China. IR was assessed using triglyceride glucose–body mass index (TyG-BMI). Psoriasis severity was assessed using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Physician Global Assessment (PGA). Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the differences between patients with high and low levels of IR. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the study results.

Results
A total of 290 patients were included in the analysis. Based on median TyG-BMI, the patients were divided into two groups: high and low IR. The high IR group exhibited a higher prevalence of diabetes, a higher BMI, and higher fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels than the low IR group. Further analysis of treatment efficacy revealed that patients in the high IR group had lower PASI 75 [≥ 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)], PASI 90 (≥ 90% improvement in PASI) and PGA 0/1 (‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’) response rates after 12 weeks of treatment. In the low IR group, 81.9% of patients achieved PASI 75, 58.3% achieved PASI 90 and 75.7% achieved PGA 0/1. However, the proportion of responses at each endpoint was significantly lower in the high IR group compared with the low IR group. The reduced PGA 0/1 response rate was more significant in the high IR group, indicated by lower odd ratios. Subsequent subgroup and sensitivity analyses produced consistent results.

Conclusion
IR is associated with lower effectiveness of biologics in patients with psoriasis.
Isthmin-1 alleviates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury through cGMP-PKG signalling pathway
Authors: Hu Min , Zhang Xin , Hu Can , Ma Zhen-Guo , Wang Sha-Sha , Teng Teng , Zeng Xiao-Feng , Tang Qi-Zhu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important complication of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction, extremely compromising the cardiac benefits of revascularization; however, specific and efficient treatment for cardiac I/R injury is still lacking. Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a novel adipokine and plays indispensable roles in regulating glycolipid metabolism and cell survival. The present study aims to investigate the potential role and molecular mechanism of ISM1 in cardiac I/R injury using gain- and loss-of-function approaches.

Methods and results
Cardiac-specific ISM1 overexpression and silence were achieved using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 system, and then these mice were subjected to I/R surgery, followed by biochemical test, echocardiography and histopathologic examinations, etc. Meanwhile, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with ISM1 silence or overexpression also received simulated I/R (sI/R) injury to further verify its role in vitro. The potential downstream pathways and molecular targets of ISM1 were screened by RNA sequencing. We also treated injured mice and NRCMs with recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) to explore whether supplementation with ISM1 was sufficient to protect against I/R injury. Furthermore, acute myocardial infarction patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and paired healthy controls were included to reveal the clinical relevance of circulating ISM1. Cardiac-specific ISM1 silencing aggravated while ISM1 overexpression alleviated I/R-induced acute cardiac injury and cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. Mechanistically, ISM1 targeted αvβ5 integrin to facilitate the nuclear accumulation of nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha, transcriptionally increased soluble guanylyl cyclase beta subunit expression, and eventually enhanced cGMP generation. Besides, we confirmed that treatment with rISM1 before or after reperfusion could confer cardioprotective effects in mice. Clinically, lower ISM1 levels post-PCI was associated with worse outcome in patients.

Conclusion
ISM1 can protect against cardiac I/R injury through cGMP-PKG signalling pathway, and it is a promising therapeutic and predictive target of cardiac I/R injury.