bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining avian influenza virus exposure in seabirds of the northwest Atlantic in 2022 and 2023 via antibodies in eggs
Authors: McLaughlin Angela , Giacinti Jolene , Sarma Sailendra Nath , Brown Michael G C , Ronconi Robert A , Lavoie Raphaël A , Eng Margaret L , Enright Bridget , Lang Andrew S , Rahman Ishraq , Wight Jordan , Hargan Kathryn E , Mallory Mark L , Baak Julia E , Jones Megan , Saunders Michelle , Dupuis-Smith Reyd , Elliott Kyle , Gilchrist H Grant , Hennin Holly , Guillemette Magella , Martigny Pauline , Montevecchi William , Petersen Aevar , Berhane Yohannes , Provencher Jennifer F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seabirds are frequently infected by avian influenza virus (AIV), which prior to 2021 primarily consisted of low-pathogenic AIV with limited reports of disease during infection. However, since highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was introduced to North America in late 2021, HPAIV outbreaks in seabirds have occurred in multiple regions, with high levels of morbidity and mortality in many species. While monitoring active viral infections is critical for tracking disease burden, monitoring prior viral exposure via antibody detection in species that experienced large outbreaks is important for identifying individual- and population-level impacts of AIV on immunity and survival. We capitalized on ongoing egg collection programmes to assess the prevalence of antibodies against AIV nucleoprotein (NP) and hemagglutinin subtype 5 (H5) in 523 eggs collected in 2022 and 2023 from 11 seabird species that breed in the northwestern Atlantic, including primarily samples from eastern Canada and two from western Iceland. The prevalence of AIV antibodies in eggs varied across regions, species and years. American common eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri) eggs had the highest AIV antibody prevalence compared to sympatric species in 2023. Longitudinal samples were available for northern gannets (Morus bassanus) and American herring gulls (Larus argentatus smithsoniansus) at several sites, where the prevalence of anti-NP and anti-H5 antibodies increased from 2022 to 2023. Examining AIV antibody prevalence in seabird eggs can be a useful tool to investigate population-level AIV exposure, while we acknowledge our limited understanding of differential antibody waning rates and the relationship between titre and susceptibility.
Spatial mapping of dextran sodium sulphate‐induced intestinal inflammation and its systemic effects
Authors: Adams Lauren , Rasid Orhan , Hulme Heather , Quon Tezz , Burchmore Richard , Milling Simon , Goodwin Richard J. A. , Wall Daniel M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, and patients frequently experience extraintestinal manifestations affecting multiple sites. Causes of systemic inflammation remain poorly understood, but molecules originating from the intestine likely play a role, with microbial and host small molecules polarizing host immune cells towards a pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model, which mimics the disrupted barrier function, microbial dysbiosis, and immune cell dysregulation of IBD, we investigated metabolomic and phenotypic changes at intestinal and systemic sites. Using spatial biology approaches, we mapped the distribution and relative abundance of molecules and cell types across a range of tissues, revealing significant changes in DSS‐treated mice. Molecules identified as contributing to the statistical separation of treated from control mice were spatially localized within organs to determine their effects on cellular phenotypes through imaging mass cytometry. This spatial approach identified both intestinal and systemic molecular drivers of inflammation, including several not previously implicated in inflammation linked to IBD or the systemic effects of intestinal inflammation. Metabolic and inflammatory pathway interplay underpins systemic disease, and determining drivers at the molecular level may aid the development of new targeted therapies.
Differential Professional and Personal Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Career Researchers
Authors: Alejandro Lucy O. , Kowalczyk Monica , Ham Sandra A. , Press Valerie G. , Wolfson Rachel K. , Arora Vineet M. , Volerman Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Early career researchers (ECRs) are crucial to scientific advancement, but ECRs, particularly those from underrepresented groups, face unique challenges as they establish careers. Given the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to identify the pandemic’s professional and personal impacts on ECRs.

Method
This national cross-sectional survey study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among ECRs by gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity. Between September and December 2021, the authors invited the 4,440 ECRs with National Institutes of Health training awards in 2020 to complete an online survey with measures assessing career, personal life, and demographics.

Results
Of 4,440 eligible ECRs, 1,524 (34.3%) completed the survey and 1,458 (32.8%) met inclusion criteria. Most respondents reported negative impacts to in-person conference cancellations (1,355 [93.1%]), research productivity (K award, 1,148 [87.4%]; overall, 1,192 [81.8%]), career trajectory (891 [61.2%]), and mental health (1,189 [88.1%]). Respondents with childcare responsibilities commonly reported negative impacts (801 [80.1%]). On average, respondents reporting negative impacts identified with more underrepresented groups than those reporting nonnegative impacts for certain measures, such as research productivity (K award, 0.92 vs 0.73, P < .001; overall, 0.92 vs 0.79, P = .01) and mental health (0.92 vs 0.81, P = .03). In free responses, respondents expressed stress as they balanced overwhelming demands of emerging careers and personal lives. Despite setbacks, many respondents cited new opportunities, including new projects (1,156 [79.3%]), new collaborators (926 [63.5%]), and increased flexibility (894 [61.3%]).

Conclusions
The pandemic had significant, largely negative, and unequal impacts on ECRs. Underrepresented ECRs were particularly susceptible to pandemic disruptions, potentially exacerbating existing challenges. Individual- and organizational-level interventions are critical to rejuvenate and sustain the early career research pathway. These interventions will foster the success of the next generation of biomedical scientists and the future of scientific advancement.
Fostering Global Research Collaborations: An Update on Duke-NUS Medical School, the Duke University and National University of Singapore Partnership
Authors: Yeo May May , Casey Patrick J. , Williams R. Sanders , Vogel Silke , James Michael L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Problem
Navigating the complexities of international research collaborations is a challenge. This article provides a detailed examination of the international collaboration between Duke University and the National University of Singapore to establish the Duke-NUS Medical School. It explores the evolution and impact of the partnership, focusing on outcomes, knowledge advancement, and the dynamics of international collaborations in academic medicine.

Approach
The partnership began in 2005 and applies a collaborative approach, including aligning research foci with Singapore’s national health priorities, the formation of an academic medical center, faculty exchanges, joint funding for pilot research, and pooling of expertise, diverse and multiethnic data, and samples.

Outcomes
The collaboration has led to educational and research advancements, including significant contributions to global health, such as the development of the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and a nasal COVID-19 vaccine candidate. Additionally, it has enhanced academic medicine capabilities within Singapore by transforming teaching hospitals into fully integrated academic medical centers. This experience suggests the following toward advancing the partnership: (1) agreement on and revisiting of the shared vision of the partnership by institutional leaders, (2) middle- and end-period reviews within multiyear funding cycles from local ministries, (3) faculty engagement through collaborative resources and spaces, and (4) similar first languages and health systems of the partners.

Next Steps
The Duke-NUS Medical School partnership aims to expand its research areas to address more global health challenges, such as the impact of climate change on health and the advancement of precision medicine. This article offers valuable insights for understanding the dynamics, benefits, and challenges of international collaborations in academic medicine.
Electrocochleography Latency: Correlation With Electrode Position During Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Andonie Raphael R. , Wimmer Wilhelm , Wildhaber Reto A. , Mantokoudis Georgios , Caversaccio Marco , Weder Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Cochlear implant (CI) candidates increasingly exhibit some degree of residual hearing, which should be preserved despite the implantation. Today, cochlear health is monitored during CI surgery by tracking the cochlear microphonic (CM) amplitude from intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) measurements. However, recent studies indicate that the insertion depth of the measuring electrode must be considered to accurately interpret these signals. The acoustic path from the cochlear base to the apex induces excitation delays in deeper regions, which should be reflected in the CM measurements. In this study, we analyzed the potential of cochlear microphonic latency (CML) as an objective method for continuously tracking CI electrode position during cochlear implantation. In addition, we examined whether CML can be associated with residual hearing.

Design:
We recorded intraoperative pure-tone ECochG at maximum stimulation levels from 30 CI patients to derive CML. During CI electrode insertion, ECochG was continuously recorded at the 2 stimulation frequencies of 0.5 and 0.75 kHz. After complete insertion, ECochG was measured on all evenly numbered electrodes at frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 kHz. The electrode locations (i.e., linear insertion depth) were identified by postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. The location of the measuring electrode during the insertion period was then calculated backward, assuming a constant insertion speed. Finally, we used a linear regression model to relate CML to linear insertion depth. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between CML and preoperative residual hearing.

Results:
CML is significantly correlated to the linear insertion depth (p < 0.001) during and after electrode insertion (with restrictions on 0.25 kHz stimulus, presumably since the characteristic 0.25 kHz region is not within reach of the used CI electrode arrays). Despite high inter-individual variability, our results align with documented delays in the basilar membrane observed in other studies. However, we could not identify a significant association between CML and residual hearing.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that objectively extracted CML encodes the intracochlear electrode location in CI patients but is not directly linked to residual hearing. Consequently, CML has the potential to enhance intraoperative ECochG analysis by providing real-time tracking of electrode position. To better understand the inter-individual variations in CML, future studies with larger patient cohorts are needed.
Prognostic Impact of Early Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Nosocomial Pneumonia Due to Gram-Negative Pathogens: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Barbier François , Buetti Niccolò , Dupuis Claire , Schwebel Carole , Azoulay Élie , Argaud Laurent , Cohen Yves , Hong Tuan Ha Vivien , Gainnier Marc , Siami Shidasp , Forel Jean-Marie , Adrie Christophe , de Montmollin Étienne , Reignier Jean , Ruckly Stéphane , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Timsit Jean-François ,   on behalf of the OutcomeRéa Study Group
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To evaluate whether early appropriate antimicrobial therapy (EAAT) is associated with improved outcomes in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilated HAP (vHAP), or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) involving Gram-negative bacteria (GNB).

Design:
Retrospective cohort study based on prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Thirty-two-French ICUs (OutcomeRéa network).

Patients:
All patients with a first HAP, vHAP, or VAP due to GNB during their ICU stay.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The relationship between EAAT and day 28 all-cause mortality (primary endpoint) was explored through Cox proportional-hazard models, with subgroup analyses according to pneumonia types, causative GNB, features of EAAT, and the occurrence of septic shock at pneumonia diagnosis. The course of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score values, the clinical cure rate at day 14, and the time to mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning and ICU discharge after pneumonia diagnosis were investigated as secondary endpoints. Among the 804 included patients, 495 (61.6%) received EAAT (single-drug, 25.4%; combination, 36.2%). Day 28 mortality was 32.6%. EAAT was not independently associated with this outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67–1.12). This result was confirmed in subgroup analyses as in a second model considering all episodes of pneumonia occurring during the ICU stay. EAAT was not associated with a faster decrease in SOFA score values (p = 0.11), a higher day 14 clinical cure rate (overall, 43.7%), or a shorter MV duration (cause-specific hazard ratio [HR] for extubation, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.69–1.01) or ICU stay (cause-specific HR for discharge alive, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–1.00).

Conclusions:
In this study, EAAT was not associated with a reduced day 28 mortality, a faster resolution of organ failure, a higher day 14 clinical cure rate, or a shorter time to MV weaning or ICU discharge in critically ill patients with HAP, vHAP, or VAP due to GNB. However, a prognostic benefit from EAAT cannot be ruled out due to lack of statistical power.
Safety of Onasemnogene Abeparvovec Administration to Type 1 SMA Patients Who Have Received Risdiplam
Authors: Chelladurai Sivakami , D'Urso Sarah , Atherton Mark , Ong Min Tsui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Three therapies are now available for the treatment of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy: onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA), nusinersen, and risdiplam. We present a retrospective, single-center case series detailing our center's experience with six patients diagnosed with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy who switched from risdiplam to OA. Risdiplam was discontinued the day before the OA infusion, and we evaluate the safety aspects of this switch. All patients continued risdiplam until the day before administration of OA, with a wash out period of between 24 and 33 hours prior. All patients have had follow-up for at least 12 weeks, while 3 patients who lived locally received ongoing follow-up ranging from 14 to 27 months after OA infusion. All patients remained stable or improved in their motor scores and need for ventilatory support and feeding support requirement. Adverse events reported after OA switch included tachycardia, fever, nausea, vomiting, raised transaminases, and mild neutropenia. All adverse events in these children were either known adverse events of OA or were not considered secondary to OA or risdiplam treatment. No unexpected adverse event was demonstrated post-OA in patients stopping risdiplam a day before OA infusion. Data presented here suggest that stopping risdiplam a day before OA treatment did not seem to be associated with increased risk.
Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perceived Barriers of Infection Control Measures in the Intensive Care Units at Northwest Bank Hospitals
Authors: Bawaqneh Khaled Ali , Ayed Ahmad , Salameh Basma 
Published: February 2025

The foremost challenge encountered by patients in intensive care units is nosocomial infections impacting their prognosis. Nurses play a vital role in infection control, necessitating adequate knowledge and adherence to protocols. Therefore, the study aims to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived barriers of infection control measures in the Intensive care units at the Northwest Bank Hospitals. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional and observational design, utilizing a self-administration questionnaire and checklist distributed among 115 ICU nurse working in governmental hospitals in the Northwest Bank. The study revealed that the majority of nurses demonstrated a moderate to low knowledge level. However, 63.5% exhibited a positive attitude toward infection control measures, and 72.9% demonstrated good practice levels. Among the sociodemographic determinants, gender was the only significant factor in relation to practice, where male nurses demonstrated better practices than female nurses (P < .05). Nursing staff identified several barriers to achieving infection standards, including lack of equipment, inadequate training courses on infection control, challenges posed by visitors, absence of infection control policies and standards, insufficient isolation rooms, and heavy workload. The majority of nurses displayed good practice levels and positive attitudes toward infection prevention. Additionally, male nurses practiced infection control measures significantly more effectively than female nurses. The major barriers were lack of equipment, lack of training courses, and challenges related to visitors. Addressing these barriers is essential to improving infection control measures in critical care units.
Subretinal implantation of a human amniotic membrane plug prepared using a modified corneal punch technique for the treatment of large full-thickness macular holes
Authors: Tang Wenyi , Qin Ling , Chen Xin , Zhang Lili , Zhang Ting , Jiang Rui , Xu Gezhi 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To report a new technique using tailored corneal punches to prepare round human amniotic membrane (hAM) plugs for the treatment of large full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

Methods:
Eight eyes with large FTMHs (>650 μm) in eight patients were included. Pars plana vitrectomy (23 G) was performed and round hAM plugs were prepared from the hAM patch by using tailored corneal punches. The size of the hAM plug was chosen according to the size of the FTMH. Endotamponade was performed using 14% C3F8 after subretinal implantation of the hAM plugs. The patients were followed up for ≥6 months.

Results:
The mean FTMH size was 737.0 ± 86.2 μm. All FTMHs (100%) were closed within the 6-month follow-up period. The best-corrected visual acuity (LogMAR, [Snellen]) improved significantly from 1.74 ± 0.30 (20/1000) before surgery to 0.76 ± 0.32 (20/100) at 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). We did not observe any iatrogenic injuries associated with the surgical procedure, rejection of the hAM plug, or parafoveal atrophy throughout the six-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Subretinal implantation of hAM plugs prepared using tailored corneal punches was safe and effective for repairing large FTMHs. The procedures were successful and associated with promising visual acuity recovery.
Delayed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment post macular surgery – a multicentric study
Authors: Singh Sumit Randhir , Boscia Francesco , Boscia Giacomo , Romano Mario R , Ferrara Mariantonia , Menzio Sara , Veritti Daniele , Sarao Valentina , Lanzetta Paolo , Arevalo J. Fernando , Parolini Barbara , Kuppermann Baruch , Singh Rishi , Hassan Tarek , Rezaei Kourous , Wu Lihteh , Israilevich Rachel , Starr Matthew R , Chhablani Jay 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To report the anatomic and visual outcomes of eyes developing delayed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) post macular surgery.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, multicentric study including eyes undergoing RRD repair at least 3 months after macular surgery for either full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) or epiretinal membrane (ERM). Anatomic and functional assessment, i.e., pre- and post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indications and details of macular and RRD surgery, time interval from macular surgery to RRD, intraocular tamponade, location, extent of RRD, and nature of retinal break was performed.

Results:
Sixteen out of 2906 eyes (0.55%) undergoing macular surgery developed RRD after 8.4 ± 5.8 months (mean±SD). Intra-operative peripheral retina evaluation showed missed/de-novo break (11 eyes; 68.75%), no identifiable break i.e., probable microbreak (2 eyes; 12.5%), giant retinal tear (2 eyes; 12.5%), and retinoschisis related break (1 eye; 6.25%). Anatomical success i.e., attached retina after one surgery was seen in 14 eyes (87.5%). BCVA worsened from 0.6±0.3 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/80) at baseline to 0.9±0.8 logMAR (20/160) through the last visit (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
RRD post-macular surgery occurs predominantly via missed/de-novo retinal breaks. A significant percentage (50%) of eyes showed worse visual acuity compared to baseline despite successful retinal reattachment.
Multimodal imaging of a case of intraretinal silicone oil in an eye with retinochoroidal coloboma: Insights into possible routes of migration
Authors: Bidasaria Amit , Bhattacharya Sampurna , Juneja Aarzoo , Paul Pragati , Sen Ahana , Majumdar Bristi , Chowdhury Ruchira , Saurabh Kumar , Sinha Sourav , Roy Rupak 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
We report multimodal imaging of intraretinal silicone oil in a case operated for coloboma-associated retinal detachment (RD) and provide imaging based anatomical insights of the route on entry of intraretinal emulsified silicone oil droplets.

Method:
A 19-year-old male presented with gradual onset diminution of vision in right eye for several years with worsening for 1 month. The patient was evaluated with examination, multimodal imaging, including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, multicolor imaging, and green reflectance imaging.

Result:
The right eye showed large inferonasal chorioretinal coloboma sparing the fovea, with dull foveal reflex on color fundus photography, loss of foveal contour with multiple hyperreflective dots predominantly collected in the outer nuclear layer in the foveal region on optical coherence tomography, greenish hue in the foveal region with feather-like projections on multicolor imaging, and crystalline deposits on green reflectance imaging. This was diagnosed as collection of intraretinal silicone oil post-RD surgery in a case of chorioretinal coloboma.

Conclusion:
We highlight a possible pathway for the intraretinal entry of emulsified silicone oil particles in a case of chorioretinal coloboma.