bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of multidrug resistance due to multiple factors including P‐glycoprotein overexpression under K‐selection after MYC and HRAS oncogene activation
Authors: Nakamura Yukari , Sato Hiroyuki , Motokura Toru 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMultistep tumorigenesis is a form of microevolution consisting of mutation and selection. To clarify the role of selection modalities in tumor development, we examined two alternative evolutionary conditions, r‐selection in sparse culture, which allows cells to proliferate rapidly, and K‐selection in confluent culture, in which overcrowding constrains cell proliferation. Using MYC‐ and EJ‐RAS‐transformed rat embryo fibroblasts, we found that K‐selected cells acquired and stably maintained multidrug resistance (MDR) to DOX, VCR, MTX and Ara‐C. Then, we examined the involvement of a number of factors potentially causal of the development of MDR, that is, ploidy, Tp53 mutation, doubling time and the expression levels of genes related to drug resistance. Although ploidy status and Tp53 mutations did not correlate with MDR, we found that Abcb1/Mdr1, encoding P‐glycoprotein (Pgp), was significantly upregulated after K‐selection. Cyclosporin A, a competitive inhibitor of Pgp, increased the intracellular accumulation of DOX and reduced the resistance to it. Indeed, the population of Pgp‐transfected cells significantly expanded under K‐, but not under r‐selection. In addition to Pgp upregulation, altered expression of other genes such as Cda/cytidine deaminase and Slc29a1/equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and prolonged doubling times were associated with MDR. This system reproduces events associated with MDR in vivo and would be useful for analysis of MDR development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plantar fasciitis treated with local steroid injection: comparison between sonographic and palpation guidance
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Chung , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Chen Carl P. C. , Chen Max J. L. , Yu Tung‐Yang , Chen Ying‐Jen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effectiveness of sonographically guided and palpation‐guided steroid injection for the treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐five consecutive patients with unilateral proximal plantar fasciitis were recruited and randomly divided into a sonographically guided group (n = 12) and palpation‐guided group (n = 13). Proximal plantar fascia was assessed with a 5‐ to 12‐MHz linear‐array transducer. Pain intensity was quantified using a “tenderness threshold” (TT) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Injection of 7 mg (1 ml) of betamethasone and 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine into the inflamed proximal plantar fascia was performed under the guidance of sonography or palpation. Patients were evaluated clinically and sonographically before injection and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year after injection. VAS‐ and TT‐measured pain intensity, thickness, and echogenicity of the proximal plantar fascia, as well as the recurrence of heel pain, were assessed.ResultsBoth VAS‐ and TT‐measured levels of pain improved significantly after steroid injection in both groups (p < 0.001). Also, the thickness decreased significantly after injection (p < 0.01 in the palpation‐guided group; p < 0.001 in the sonographically guided group). The number of patients with hypoechogenicity at the proximal plantar fascia decreased after steroid injection in both groups (p < 0.01 for both groups). The recurrence rate of plantar fasciitis in patients of the palpation‐guided group (6/13) was significantly higher than that of the sonographically guided group (1/12) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSteroid injection can be an effective way to treat plantar fasciitis, and injection under sonographic guidance is associated with lower recurrence of heel pain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:12–16, 2006
Peptic ulcer perforation: sonographic imaging of active fluid leakage
Authors: Ioannis Minardos , Dimitra Ziogana , Hristos Hristopoulos , Ioannis Dermitzakis 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSonography is not the method of choice for the evaluation of suspected peptic ulcer perforation (PUP). However, indirect sonographic signs and direct visualization of PUP have been reported by several authors in recent years. We report a case of an elderly woman who presented with severe abdominal pain and positive rebound sign, in whom abdominal sonography demonstrated indirect signs of PUP, the site of perforation, and active air fluid leakage through the perforated anterior prepyloric antral wall. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:38–41, 2006
Major extremity amputation for nodal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Namm Jukes P. , Reeves Mark E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe regional lymph node basin is usually the first site of spread in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Regional metastases are usually treated with comprehensive nodal dissection, sometimes followed by radiation and/or chemotherapy. Occasionally, when disease recurs after these conventional therapies, major extremity amputation may be the only way to render patients free of disease. We present three cases for which major extremity amputation was necessary. One patient underwent forequarter amputation for nodal metastasis, which had invaded the brachial plexus. Another patient underwent hip disarticulation for femoral bony invasion from inguinal nodal metastasis. The third patient underwent a hemipelvectomy for nodal metastasis, which had eroded the femoral artery and pelvic bone. These cases show that major extremity amputation can be both palliative and curative in patients with SCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:76–78. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Split therapy: Planned neck dissection followed by definitive radiotherapy for a T1, T2 pharyngolaryngeal primary cancer with operable N2, N3 nodal metastases—A prospective study
Authors: D'cruz A.K. , Pantvaidya G.H. , Agarwal J.P. , Chaukar D.A. , Pathak K.A. , Deshpande M.S. , Pai P.S. , Chaturvedi P. , Dinshaw K.A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe management of patients with a small pharyngolaryngeal cancer (T1 and T2) with large nodal metastases is a subject of debate. We present data on the feasibility and outcome of treating these patients with surgery for the nodal metastases followed by definitive radiotherapy.MethodsProspective study of 59 patients of small pharyngolaryngeal primary squamous carcinomas with operable (N2/N3) nodal metastasis treated with neck dissection followed by radiotherapy.ResultsComplete nodal clearance was achieved in 54 (90%). The mean nodal size was 4 cm and extranodal extension was seen in 88% of patients in the study group. There were no significant postoperative complications. Median interval between surgery and radiotherapy was 23 days. Forty‐nine patients (83%) started their RT within 6 weeks of surgery. With a median follow‐up of 25 months, the disease free and overall survival was 54% and 60% (5 years).ConclusionThe management of patients with a radiocurable pharyngolaryngeal primary with large nodes by this approach is a feasible option with adequate control and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:56–61. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of tetrahydrofuran as solvent on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectra of functional polystyrenes
Authors: Zagorevskii Dmitri V. , Nasrullah Mohammed J. , Raghunadh Vajjula , Benicewicz Brian C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIt is demonstrated that tetrahydrofuran (THF) should be used with caution as a solvent in polymer sample preparation for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analyses. The presence of peroxides in THF may cause the oxidation of chemically active groups. This effect is illustrated in the case of S‐containing polystyrene derivatives. The oxidation of the trithiocarbonate group resulted in the formation of poly(styrene)sulfonic acids, R(CH2CHPh)nSO3H, which was detected in negative mode by MALDI and electrospray ionization (ESI) methods after the samples remained in THF for several hours. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem mass spectrometry of coprogen and deferoxamine hydroxamic siderophores
Authors: Simionato Ana V. C. , de Souza Gezimar D. , Rodrigues‐Filho Edson , Glick James , Vouros Paul , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMechanisms of fragmentation of hydroxamic siderophores are proposed comparing deuterated and nondeuterated samples. Standard siderophores (e.g. deferoxamine and coprogen) were directly injected into both ion trap and linear quadrupole mass spectrometers with electrospray ionization (ESI). Four and two fragmentation steps were carried out for deferoxamine and coprogen (analyzed by positive and negative ESI, respectively). Deferoxamine cleavages occurred in both peptide and hydroxamic bonds while the coprogen fragmentation pattern is more elaborate, since it contains Fe(III) in its structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of M+4 stable isotope labeled cortisone and cortisol in human plasma by µElution solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Amy Y. , Sun Li , Musson Donald G. , Zhao Jamie J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA sensitive µElution solid‐phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of M+4 stable isotope labeled cortisone and cortisol in human plasma. In this method, M+4 cortisone and M+4 cortisol were extracted from 0.3 mL of human plasma samples using a Waters Oasis HLB 96‐well µElution SPE plate using 70 µL methanol as the elution solvent, and chromatographed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3.5 µm). M+9 cortisone and M+9 cortisol were used as the internal standards. A PE Sciex API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer interfaced with the liquid chromatograph via a turboionspray source was used for mass analysis and detection. The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of precursor → product ion transitions were monitored at m/z 365.2 [M+H]+ → 167.0 and at m/z 367.3 [M+H]+ → 125.1 for M+4 cortisone and M+4 cortisol, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 ng mL−1 and the linear calibration range was from 0.1 to 100 ng mL−1 for both analytes. This method demonstrated to be very reproducible and reliable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beginning and end in the acquisition of the perfective aspect in Russian
Authors: STOLL SABINE 
Published: December 2005

The goal of this research is to determine the relevant factors that aid in the acquisition of the perfective aspect in Russian. Results confirm the findings of previous research, which say that aspect is not learned as a uniform category, but rather interrelates with the acquisition of Aktionsarten. This study focuses on the factors responsible for the difference in the rate of the acquisition of two complementary Aktionsarten in the perfective aspect: telic verbs (verbs including a result/goal of the denoted event) and ingressive verbs (verbs including the beginning of the event).Since the usage of Aktionsarten strongly depends on the surrounding discourse, two experiments that varied in their discourse complexity were conducted. One study looked at the production of isolated utterances (thirty-nine children aged 3;0 to 6;11) and the other study focused on complex texts (fifty-two children aged 3;0 to 6;11). It was found that while telics are used independently of discourse context, ingressives depend strongly on contextual information.These results suggest that discourse complexity and narrative competence define the acquisitional process for ingressives, yet are irrelevant in the acquisition of telics.
Robert Hooke's conical pendulum from the modern viewpoint of amplitude equations and its optical analogues
Authors: Rousseaux Germain , Coullet Pierre , Gilli Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2005

As stated by Lord Kelvin a long time ago, ‘It seems to me that the test of “Do we or do we not understand a particular point in physics?” is, “Can we make a mechanical model of it?”’
What is the relationship between the propagation of a light wave in a Kerr medium in the presence of a magnetic field and the oscillation of a spherical pendulum on a rotating platform?
A Kerr medium is one that when submitted to an electric field its refraction index becomes a non-linear function of the latter.
It is Robert Hooke who first studied the motion of a spherical pendulum in order to approach the notion of central force. Indeed, he was willing to explore the motion of the planets with this analogous device. As a matter of fact, when a pendulum made up of a heavy mass, representing the Earth, and hanging on a wire is moved away from its equilibrium position vertically from the point of suspension, it undergoes a restoring force which tends to bring it back to the center, similar to the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the Earth. For small amplitudes the trajectories are ellipses which precess. The ellipses are centered on the axis, in contrast to the case of planets, where the attractive center corresponds to one of the focii of the elliptical path.
Thanks to the modern formalism of nonlinear dynamics, we were able to show the close relationships between the equations which describe the motion of the pendulum and the propagation of the light wave in a Kerr medium. In both cases, an elliptical motion is induced.
It is interesting to note that the application of a magnetic field to a Kerr medium translates into an angular rotation which induces an additional precession of the pendulum—well known as the Foucault effect.
Comparative evaluation of a new bedside faecal occult blood test in a prospective multicentre study
Authors: HOEPFFNER N. , SHASTRI Y. M. , HANISCH E. , RÖSCH W. , MÖSSNER J. , CASPARY W. F. , STEIN J. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryBackgroundFaecal occult blood testing is an established method of colorectal neoplasia screening. Guaiac‐based tests are limited by poor patient compliance, low sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Newer immunochemical‐based tests, accurate but tedious, require a well‐established laboratory set up. There is need for simpler immunochemical tests that can be performed at the out‐patient clinic.AimTo compare the performance characteristics of a new bedside immunological test strip device with a sensitive Guaiac‐based and established immunochemical test for detection of faecal occult blood in patients undergoing colonoscopy.MethodsA total of 389 consecutive patients from four centres who were referred for colonoscopy also provided the stool samples for detection of occult blood without dietary restrictions. Stool tests performed were (i) Guaiac‐based, (ii) immunochemical enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and (iii) bedside immunochemical strip test.ResultsAt the optimal threshold level, the sensitivity and specificity of the beside immunochemical strip test for detection of significant colorectal neoplasia (adenomas >1.0 cm and carcinomas) were 60% and 95%, respectively.ConclusionsThis bedside immunochemical strip test proved to be a simple, convenient, non‐cumbersome and accurate tool with similar performance characteristics for detection of any bleeding lesion including colorectal neoplasia when compared with an established immunochemical faecal occult blood test.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α and ‐γ mRNA levels are reduced in chronic hepatitis C with steatosis and genotype 3 infection
Authors: DE GOTTARDI A. , PAZIENZA V. , PUGNALE P. , BRUTTIN F. , RUBBIA‐BRANDT L. , JUGE‐AUBRY C. E. , MEIER C. A. , HADENGUE A. , NEGRO F. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryBackgroundSteatosis in chronic hepatitis C is associated with inflammation and accelerated fibrogenesis.AimTo assess the contribution of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α and ‐γ to the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus associated steatosis is unknown.MethodsWe measured peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α and ‐γ mRNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in liver biopsies of 35 genotype 1 and 22 genotype 3 infected patients and in Huh7 cells expressing hepatitis C virus 1b or 3a core protein.ResultsPPAR‐α mRNA was significantly reduced in livers of patients with genotype 3 compared with genotype 1. Steatosis was associated to a decreased expression of PPAR‐α in genotype 1, but not in genotype 3. PPAR‐γ expression was significantly lower in genotype 3 compared with genotype 1 and steatosis was associated to decreased levels of PPAR‐γ, but only in genotype 1. There was no significant relationship between PPARs mRNA levels and liver activity or fibrosis. Expression of the hepatitis C virus 3a core protein was associated with an increase in triglyceride accumulation and with a significant reduction of PPAR‐γ mRNA compared with hepatitis C virus 1b.ConclusionsThe presence of steatosis and hepatitis C virus genotype 3 are both associated with a significant down‐regulation of PPARs. These receptors, and also additional factors, seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus‐associated steatosis.
Effect of vardenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase‐5, on portal haemodynamics in normal and cirrhotic liver – results of a pilot study
Authors: DEIBERT P. , SCHUMACHER Y.‐O. , RUECKER G. , OPITZ O. G. , BLUM H. E. , RÖSSLE M. , KREISEL W. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryBackground  Dysregulation of the cyclic guanosine 3′,5′ monophosphate–nitric oxide system is in part responsible for portal hypertension in cirrhosis.Aim  To test the effects of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase‐5 on portal haemodynamics.Methods  To 18 healthy subjects and 18 patients with Child A liver cirrhosis, 10 mg of vardenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase‐5, were administered orally. Doppler sonographic measurements of hepatic and splanchnic blood flow, systemic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before, 1 h after, and 48 h after the application. Vardenafil plasma levels were determined after 1 h. In five patients, invasive registration of free and wedged hepatic vein pressure was performed.Results  Portal venous flow increased in patients from 0.82 ± 0.30 L/min (mean ± s.d.) by 26% (CI: 16–37%, P = 0.0004) and in healthy subjects from 0.75 ± 0.20 L/min (mean ± s.d.) by 19% (CI: 9–28%; P = 0.0010). Celiac and hepatic artery resistivity indices rose significantly. Systemic blood pressure decreased slightly in patients. The wedged hepatic venous pressure gradient decreased in four of five patients with liver cirrhosis. Vardenafil plasma levels were higher in patients (14 ± 10 μg/L) than in healthy subjects (9 ± 6 μg/L; n.s.).Conclusions  Inhibition of phosphodiesterase‐5 increases portal flow and lowers portal pressure by a decrease in sinusoidal resistance and may be a novel therapeutic strategy for portal hypertension.
Levofloxacin does not decrease mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia when added to the standard treatment: a prospective and randomized clinical trial of 381 patients
Authors: RUOTSALAINEN E. , JÄRVINEN A. , KOIVULA I. , KAUMA H. , RINTALA E. , LUMIO J. , KOTILAINEN P. , VAARA M. , NIKOSKELAINEN J. , VALTONEN V. ,   THE FINLEVO STUDY GROUP
Published: December 2005

Abstract.Objectives.  To study whether levofloxacin, added to standard treatment, could reduce the high mortality and complication rates in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.Design.  A prospective randomized multicentre trial from January 2000 to August 2002.Setting.  Thirteen tertiary care or university hospitals in Finland.Subjects.  Three hundred and eighty‐one adult patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. Patients with meningitis, and those with fluoroquinolone‐ or methicillin‐resistant S. aureus were excluded.Interventions.  Standard treatment (mostly semisynthetic penicillin) (n = 190) or that combined with levofloxacin (n = 191). Supplementary rifampicin was recommended if deep infection was suspected.Main outcome measures.  Primary end‐points were mortality at 28 days and at 3 months. Clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed as secondary end‐points.Results.  Adding levofloxacin to the standard treatment offered no survival benefit. Case fatality rates were 14% in both groups at 28 days, and 21% in the standard treatment and 18% in the levofloxacin group at 3 months. Levofloxacin combination did not differ from the standard treatment in the number of complications, time to defervescence, decrease in serum C‐reactive protein concentration or length of antibiotic treatment. Deep infection was found in 84% of patients within 1 week following randomization with no difference between the treatment groups. At 3 months, the case fatality rate for patients with deep infection was 17% amongst those who received rifampicin versus 38% for those without rifampicin (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 3.06, 95% confidence intervals = 1.69–5.54).Conclusions.  Levofloxacin combined with standard treatment in S. aureus bacteraemia did not decrease mortality or the incidence of deep infections, nor did it speed up recovery. Interestingly, deep infections in S. aureus bacteraemia appeared to be more common than previously reported.
Inhibition of Corticotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Transcription by Inducible cAMP‐Early Repressor in the Hypothalamic Cell Line, 4B
Authors: Liu Y. , Kalintchenko N. , Sassone‐Corsi P. , Aguilera G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have shown recently that the rapid decline in corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) transcription following activation by stress is associated with induction and binding to the CRH promoter of the repressor isoforms of cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM), inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). The ability of ICER to inhibit CRH transcription was examined in the hypothalamic cell line, 4B, which expresses CRH. Co‐transfection of the inhibitory isoforms of CREM, ICER I and II and CREMβ, and CRH promoter‐luciferase constructs in 4B cells blunted basal and forskolin‐stimulated CRH promoter activity, an effect which was abolished by mutation of the CRE of the CRH promoter. Western blot analyses and electromobility gel‐shift and super‐shift showed increases in endogenous ICER after 3 h of incubation with forskolin. Consistent with an inhibitory effect of CREM on CRH transcription, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in cells transfected with ICER I revealed recruitment of CREM by the CRH promoter in conjunction with decreases in Pol II association. The study shows that generation of ICER following prolonged stimulation with forskolin, or transfection of an ICER expression vector in hypothalamic cell lines expressing CRH, is associated with CREM binding to the CRH promoter and transcriptional repression. The data support the hypothesis that induction of repressor isoforms of CREM is part of an intracellular feedback mechanism contributing to the termination of CRH transcription during stimulation.
Response of fluctuating and directional asymmetry to selection on wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pélabon C. , Hansen T. F. , Carter A. J. R. , Houle D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
We tested whether directional selection on an index-based wing character in Drosophila melanogaster affected developmental stability and patterns of directional asymmetry. We selected for both an increase (up selection) and a decrease (down selection) of the index value on the left wing and compared patterns of fluctuating and directional asymmetry in the selection index and other wing traits across selection lines. Changes in fluctuating asymmetry across selection lines were predominantly small, but we observed a tendency for fluctuating asymmetry to decrease in the up-selected lines in both replicates. Because changes in fluctuating asymmetry depended on the direction of selection, and were not related to changes in trait size, these results fail to support existing hypotheses linking directional selection and developmental stability. Selection also produced a pattern of directional asymmetry that was similar in all selected lines whatever the direction of selection. This result may be interpreted as a release of genetic variance in directional asymmetry under selection.