bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the self‐imaging phenomenon with weak‐guiding condition
Authors: Hong Jong‐Kyun , Lee Sang‐Sun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates a self‐imaging phenomenon in a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. In the experiment, different self‐images which are undefined in MMI theory are observed. This undefined self‐image is named the “pseudo‐self‐image ” (PSI) as a matter of convenience. The characteristics of both the single self‐image (0‐dB self‐image: 0‐dB SI), which is defined in MMI theory, and the PSI are compared and analyzed through simulation and experimentation to estimate the applicability of the PSI. Results show that the PSI has an imaging period the same as the 0‐dB SI, and the excess loss and the extinction ratio of the PSI improve more than those of the 0‐dB SI as the imaging period increases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2354–2357, 2006;Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.21942
Dual‐band CRLH branch‐line coupler in MIM technology
Authors: Nguyen Hoang V. , Caloz Christophe 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA dual‐band (DB) composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) branch‐line coupler implemented in metal–insulator–metal technology is presented. A simple and accurate circuit‐model design procedure for DB CRLH transmission lines is described and applied to the coupler. A prototype operating at 4.2 and 5.2 GHz is demonstrated in excellent agreement with both circuit and full‐wave simulations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2331–2333, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21948
A 2.4, 5.2, and 5.7 GHz CMFB Gilbert downconverter with low‐voltage cascode current mirror input stage
Authors: Tseng Sheng‐Che , Meng Chinchun , Huang Guo‐Wei 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA triple‐band (2.4, 5.2, and 5.7 GHz) CMFB downconversion micromixer with a low‐voltage cascode current mirror RF input stage has been demonstrated by the 0.18‐μm CMOS technology in this letter. Micromixer has a single‐ended RF input stage, the CMFB topology is adopted to improve the conversion gain, and a differential‐to‐single output buffer is used to convert the differential output of the mixer into a single‐ended output. The fully integrated downconversion micromixer has the conversion gain of 12 dB, LO‐to‐IF isolation of 43 dB, LO‐to‐RF isolation of 48 dB, and RF‐to‐IF isolation of 18 dB at 2.4 GHz. The mixer has the conversion gain of 7.5 dB, LO‐to‐IF isolation of 54 dB, LO‐to‐RF isolation of 49.5 dB, and RF‐to‐IF isolation of 25 dB at 5.7 GHz. The total quiescent current consumption of the circuit is 7.6 mA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2345–2349, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21950
NMR assignments of a di‐pentacyclo‐undecane cyclic ether
Authors: Kruger Hendrik G. , Ramdhani Reshika 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe X‐ray structure of a di‐pentacyclo‐undecane cyclic ether was recently reported. As part of a programme to use NMR spectroscopy for the structure elucidation of cage compounds, the complete NMR assignments of the cyclic ether was attempted. Major overlap of proton and carbon signals of the two cages is observed. It was required to elucidate the fragment analogues that represent similar structural features of the cyclic ether in order to get an approximate but reasonable insight into the complex overlapping signals. Normal 2D NMR techniques were utilized to assign the various NMR signals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteins of the accessory sex glands associated with the oocyte‐penetrating capacity of cauda epididymal sperm from holstein bulls of documented fertility
Authors: Moura Arlindo A. , Chapman David A. , Killian Gary J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe previously reported that accessory sex gland fluid (AGF) from high fertility (HF) bulls influenced the oocyte‐penetrating capacity of cauda epididymal sperm from low fertility (LF) bulls, based on in vitro fertilization (IVF) assays. The present study determined if AGF proteins were associated with these effects. Nineteen IVF assays with 12 bulls were grouped as follows. Group I (n = 8): assays where sperm from LF bulls exposed to AGF from HF bulls had greater oocyte penetration than exposed to homologous AGF. Group II (n = 7): sperm from LF bulls to AGF from HF bulls versus homologous AGF showed no significant differences. Group III (n = 4): sperm from LF bulls treated with homologous AGF had greater fertility than sperm treated with AGF from HF bulls. Sire fertility was based on nonreturn rates (NNR) and AGF collected by artificial vagina from bulls with cannulated vasa deferentia. Two‐dimensional SDS–PAGE maps of AGF were analyzed by PDQuest and proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry and Western blots. Differences in spot intensity between AGF of HF and LF bulls were compared across groups of IVF assays (P < 0.05). The expression of BSP A1/A2 and A3, BSP 30 kDa, clusterin, albumin, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and osteopontin was greater in the AGF of HF bulls in Group I as compared to Groups II and III. Conversely, there was less nucleobindin in the AGF of HF bulls in Group I than in Groups II and III. This is the first report of nucleobindin (58 kDa/pI 5.6) in male reproductive fluids, using both immunoblots and mass spectrometry. Thus, the effect of AGF from HF bulls on epididymal sperm is likely the result of specific proteins expressed in the AGF. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pronuclear stage porcine embryos do not possess a strict asymmetric distribution of lysine 9 dimethylation of histone H3 based solely on parental origin
Authors: Sega Martiana F. , Lee Kiho , Machaty Zoltan , Cabot Ryan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEpigenetic modification of core histone proteins plays an important role in gene transcription and chromatin structure. It is known that the methylation status of the lysine 9 residue of histone H3 (H3K9) is closely linked with repression of transcription and heterochromatin formation. It has been reported that a strict asymmetric distribution of the dimethylated form of H3K9 exists between the two parental genomes in murine embryos. The aim of this study was to characterize the H3K9 dimethylation pattern in cleavage stage porcine embryos. Indirect immunocytochemical analysis showed that this modification is present throughout the nuclei of pronuclear, 2‐cell, 4‐cell and blastocyst stage porcine embryos. However, at the pronuclear stage the pronuclei within in vitro‐fertilized porcine embryos possessed an asymmetric distribution of the dimethylated form of H3K9; this distribution was not based solely on the parent‐of‐origin. These results show that dimethylation of H3K9 is differentially regulated in pronuclear stage porcine embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 2–7, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal low protein diet restricted to the preimplantation period induces a gender‐specific change on hepatic gene expression in rat fetuses
Authors: Kwong Wing Yee , Miller Daniel J. , Wilkins Adrian P. , Dear Mark S. , Wright J. Neville , Osmond Clive , Zhang Junlong , Fleming Tom P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt has been shown previously that maternal low protein diet (LPD) throughout rat gestation altered hepatic gene expression and enzyme activities in offspring. Here, we investigate the effect of maternal LPD (9% casein vs. 18% control) exclusively during the preimplantation period (switched diet group) or provided throughout gestation on hepatic gene expression in day 20 fetuses. Using quantitative competitive PCR, we found that switched diet induced a two‐fold increase (P = 0.008) in hepatic gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, a rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenesis) in male fetuses and a 17% increase (P = 0.005) in 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1, acts primarily as a reductase to produce active glucocorticoid) in female liver compared with control fetuses. Maternal LPD administered throughout gestation increased 11β‐HSD1 expression in male fetal liver by 27% (P = 0.042) compared with controls. However, maternal LPD fed for either period did not affect fetal hepatic insulin receptor (IR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), glycogen synthase (GS) nor placental glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and 3 (Glut3) transcript levels. The alteration in fetal hepatic gene expression could not be attributed specifically to known regulators including insulin or glucose concentrations in fetal blood nor alteration in cAMP in fetal liver, although a combination of these regulatory factors may be responsible. Fetal hepatic glycogen level was unaffected by maternal diet. The present findings show that the long term potential of the preimplantation embryo is sensitive to maternal LPD such that basal levels of hepatic gene expression in day 20 fetuses are altered in a gender‐specific manner. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 48–56, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Off‐resonance saturation as a means of generating contrast with superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Zurkiya Omar , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis work demonstrates an alternative approach, termed off‐resonance saturation (ORS), for generating contrast that is sensitive to superparamagnetic particles. This method leads to a calculated contrast that increases with superparamagnetic nanoparticle concentration. Experimental data demonstrate that in the presence of superparamagnetic particles, an off‐resonance effect exists that is distinct from the magnetization transfer (MT) effect and is highly dependent on diffusion. Data show that the dependence on water diffusion becomes most significant at rates of 0.5 × 10–9 m2/s and slower. We investigated the dependence of the off‐resonance effect on off‐resonance frequency and particle concentration. The data suggest a useful frequency offset range of 500 Hz < |Δω| < 1500 Hz at 3T. This approach may be especially useful in organs and diseases in which diffusion may be altered by pathologies. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formulation of a three‐dimensional rate‐dependent constitutive model for chalk and porous rocks
Authors: Hickman R. J. , Gutierrez M. S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRate‐dependent behaviour of chalk and other porous rocks has undergone widespread study in geomechanics due to its implications on the performance of engineering structures. We present a rate‐dependent constitutive model for chalk and other porous rocks with several new features. The model formulation is based on a viscoplastic rate‐lines approach in which the axial strain rate depends on the proximity of the stress point to an elliptical reference surface. A non‐associated viscoplastic potential surface and an axial scaling algorithm are used to determine the viscoplastic strain components. The model predicts that axial yields stress varies as a power function of applied axial strain rate, as shown by published laboratory data. Comparisons with published experimental data indicate that the model is capable of reproducing observed rate‐dependent behaviour of chalk under a variety of loading conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innervation of the rectovaginal wall in patients with rectocele compared to healthy controls
Authors: Altman Daniel , Zhang Anjou , Falconer Christian 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAimsTo evaluate if pelvic floor innervation differed in patients with rectocele compared to control subjects and to assess if nerve fiber density of the rectovaginal wall correlated to the clinical presentation of rectocele.MethodsBiopsies from 24 female patients with posterior vaginal wall prolapse stage II (ICS‐classification) and rectocele verified at defecography were compared to specimens from age and parity‐matched control subjects without posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Nerve fiber density was measured using protein gene product (PGP‐9.5) antibodies at immunohistochemistry. Anorectal symptoms were recorded using bowel and anorectal function questionnaires.ResultsThe two groups were comparable in age and parity. Mean nerve fiber immunofluorescence intensity was 150.3 ± 12.5 SD in the patient group compared to 139.3 ± 8.5 SD in the control group (P < 0.01). Symptoms of anorectal dysfunction were more common in the patient group compared to control subjects (P < 0.01) but there was no difference in anal continence. At logistic regression analysis, nerve fiber immunofluorescence intensity showed no significant correlation to age, menopausal age, parity, body mass index (BMI), prolapse quantification, or any specific self‐reported anorectal symptom. Increased nerve fiber immunofluorescence intensity was correlated to increased perineal descent (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–2.1) although not to the size of the rectocele (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.9–1.2).ConclusionsOur results show that rectocele may be associated with increased rectovaginal innervation, suggestive of reinnervation of the rectovaginal wall. Nerve fiber density correlated poorly with findings at clinical and radiological examination. Neurochemical characterization of the rectovaginal wall may provide further understanding of the pathogenesis of rectocele. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:776–781, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ZnO layers deposited by the ion layer gas reaction on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2thin film solar cell absorbers—impact of ‘damp‐heat’ conditions on the layer properties
Authors: Bär M. , Reichardt J. , Sieber I. , Grimm A. , Kötschau I. , Lauermann I. , Sokoll S. , Niesen T. P. , Lux‐Steiner M. C. , Fischer Ch.‐H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2(‘CIGSSe’) based solar cells with a ZnO window extension layer (WEL) deposited by the ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR) reach competitive efficiencies compared to corresponding references with CdS buffer and lead to a simplified device structure. The WEL replaces not only the CdS buffer, but also the undoped part of the usually appliedrf‐sputtered ZnO window bi‐layer. The long‐term stability of CIGSSe‐based solar modules is currently under investigation. In order to pass the respective stability tests, which include exposure to ‘damp‐heat’ (DH) conditions (85% relative humidity at 85(C) to accelerate possible aging effects, a good intrinsic material stability is required. In Reference1it was revealed, that ILGAR‐ZnO contains a certain amount of meta‐stable hydroxide, which can be directly tuned by the ILGAR process parameters (number of process cycles and process temperature). In order to determine the ILGAR process parameters, which result in intrinsically stable WELs, ILGAR‐ZnO/CIGSSe test structures were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after a DH‐test. It was found that, induced by the DH‐conditions, a continuous dehydration of the WELs together with a disintegration of the ILGAR‐ZnO layers takes place. This supports an earlier suggested mechanism of a DH‐induced degradation by a release of water at the most critical location in a solar cell, at the heterointerface between window and absorber. By a systematic variation of the ILGAR process parameters it was possible to reduce the hydroxide content in the ILGAR‐ZnO layers resulting in intrinsically more stable samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing historical cost trends in California's market for customer‐sited photovoltaics
Authors: Wiser Ryan , Bolinger Mark , Cappers Peter , Margolis Robert 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper reports highlights from a detailed statistical analysis of the cost of customer‐sited, grid‐connected photovoltaic installations in the largest solar market in the United States: California. It is based on an analysis of 18 942 PV systems, totaling 254 MWAC, either funded or approved for funding under two separate rebate programs overseen by the California Energy Commission and the California Public Utilities Commission. We find that: (1) solar costs have declined substantially over time; (2) policy incentives have impacted pre‐rebate installed costs, and some cost inflation is apparent; (3) economies of scale have driven down costs for larger systems; (4) systems installed in new home developments and in affordable housing projects have experienced much lower costs than the general retrofit market; and (5) installer experience and type have affected costs, but the effects differ by program. Results hold important implications for solar suppliers and customers, and for policymakers designing incentive programs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative proteomic analysis of cisplatin sensitive IGROV1 ovarian carcinoma cell line and its resistant counterpart IGROV1‐R10
Authors: Le Moguen Karen , Lincet Hubert , Deslandes Edwige , Hubert‐Roux Marie , Lange Catherine , Poulain Laurent , Gauduchon Pascal , Baudin Bruno 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality due to gynaecological cancer. Despite a good response to surgery and initial chemotherapy essentially based on cisplatin (cis‐diamino‐dichloro‐platinum(II) (CDDP)) compounds, late tumour detection and frequent recurrences with chemoresistance acquisition are responsible for poor prognosis. Several mechanisms have been implicated in CDDP resistance but they are not sufficient to exhaustively explain this resistance emergence. We applied a proteomic approach based on 2‐DE coupled with MS to identify proteins associated with the chemoresistance process. We first established a proteomic pattern of the CDDP sensitive ovarian cell line IGROV1 using MALDI‐TOF‐MS and PMF. We then compared this 2‐D pattern with that of the CDDP‐resistant counterpart IGROV1‐R10. Among the 40 proteins identified, cytokeratins 8 and 18 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 were overexpressed in IGROV1‐R10, whereas annexin IV was down‐regulated. These observations have been confirmed by Western blotting. The characterization of such variations could lead to the development of new protein markers or to the establishment of new therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the identification of proteins involved in CDDP resistance in ovarian tumours would be useful in completing our understanding on this complex mechanism.
Effect of large deformation and material nonlinearity on the JKR (Johnson–Kendall–Roberts) test of soft elastic materials
Authors: Lin Yu‐Yun , Chen Hsin‐Yang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe study in detail the effect of large deformation and material nonlinearity on the JKR (Johnson–Kendall–Roberts) theory of adhesive contact for two systems. The first is a Neo‐Hookean hemisphere in adhesive contact with a smooth rigid substrate. The second is a smooth rigid spherical indenter in adhesive contact with a Neo‐Hookean half space. We show that our results are special cases of a general theory that models large deformation adhesive contact of spherical lenses. This theory shows that the solution of any large deformation JKR (LDJKR) problem can be obtained from the solution of a corresponding large deformation Hertz (LDH) problem. Using this theory, we extend the small strain JKR theory to the large deformation regime, the only restriction being that the materials are nonlinear elastic or hyperelastic. The adhesive contact problem for the two systems is solved using two methods. In method one, the LDJKR theory is obtained using finite element simulation results for a corresponding LDH problem; in method two, we solve the adhesive contact problems directly using a cohesive zone model to quantify adhesive interaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2912–2922, 2006
Solid‐state NMR characterizations on phase structures and molecular dynamics of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)
Authors: Wang Liying , Fang Pengfei , Ye Chaohui , Feng Jiwen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSolid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and relaxation measurements, together with DSC, have been used to elucidate the structures and molecular dynamics in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA). It has been found that besides immobile orthorhombic and monoclinic crystalline phases, the third mobile crystalline phase (possibly the phase) of a considerable amount (36% of total crystalline phases) appears in the EVA samples, which forms during room‐temperature aging as a result of the secondary crystallization and melts at temperature somewhat higher than room temperature. Such a mobile crystalline phase has not only the well‐defined chemical shift of its own, but also has different molecular mobility from the orthorhombic phase. The mobile crystalline phase is characterized by the rapid relaxation of the longitudinal magnetization, which is caused by conventional spin‐lattice relaxation, while the slow relaxation of the longitudinal magnetization occurring in the orthorhombic phase is originated from the chain diffusion. In addition, the amorphous phase also contains two components: an interfacial amorphous phase and a melt‐like amorphous phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2864–2879, 2006
Isotopically engineered semiconductors: from the bulk to nanostructures
Authors: Ager Joel W. , Haller Eugene E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractResearch performed with semiconductors with controlled isotopic composition is evolving from the measurement of fundamental properties in the bulk to those measured in superlattices and nanostructures. This is driven in part by interests associated with the fields of “spintronics” and quantum computing. In this topical review, which is dedicated to Prof. Abstreiter, we introduce the subject by reviewing classic and recent measurements of phonon frequencies, thermal conductivity, bandgap renormalizations, and spin coherence lifetimes in isotopically controlled bulk group IV semiconductors. Next, we review phonon properties measured in isotope heterostructures, including pioneering work made possible by superlattices grown by the group of Prof. Abstreiter. We close the review with an outlook on the exciting future possibilities offered through isotope control in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions that will be possible due to advances in nanoscience. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthetic diamond devices for radio‐oncology applications
Authors: Descamps C. , Tromson D. , Mer C. , Nesládek M. , Bergonzo P. , Benabdesselam M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDiamond exhibits a range of outstanding properties that make it a material of interest for radiation detection and particularly in the field of dosimetry applications. In fact, its crystallographic structure makes it chemically inert and radiation hard. Moreover, its atomic number (carbon Z = 6) close to the equivalent effective atomic number of human soft tissues (Z = 7.4) and of water (reference material in radiotherapy) enables a direct evaluation of the deposited dose without requiring corrections for material nature or energy. Finally, as a bio‐compatible material, it can be sterilised, and it is non‐toxic thus giving strong advantages for medical uses. Natural diamonds are expensive, rare and their use implies a severe gem selection to fabricate reproducible and reliable devices. The emergence of synthetic samples from the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique offers new possibilities in the fabrication of ionisation chamber for the particular field of radiotherapy. Previous studies have shown that defect levels present in material clearly influence the device response under irradiation. Therefore, in order to optimise dosimetric characteristics needed in radiotherapy applications, various low and precisely nitrogen concentrations were incorporated in the material during growth. Influence of these incorporations on ionisation chamber response under medical cobalt irradiator is presented in this paper. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)