bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types of nursing knowledge used to guide care of hospitalized patients
Authors: Mantzoukas Stefanos , Jasper Melanie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTitle.  Types of nursing knowledge used to guide care of hospitalized patients. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to identify the types of nursing knowledge used to guide care of hospitalized patients.Background.  The history of nursing knowledge is discerned in three distinct moments. The first historical moment conceives nursing knowledge as the acquisition of a set of descriptive rules, the second as the development of dualist explanatory theories and the third as the production of critical and/or integrative understandings. It remains unclear how these different types of knowledge are implemented in practice and how they affect the care of hospitalized patients.Method.  A secondary qualitative analysis was conducted in 2007 on original data collected in 2002. The data were read with focus on the knowledge used by participants to confront practice situations. They were interpreted, classified and indexed to identify types of knowledge nurses use to care for hospitalized patients.Findings.  Five discrete types of nursing knowledge that nurses use in practice emerged: personal practice knowledge, theoretical knowledge, procedural knowledge, ward cultural knowledge and reflexive knowledge.Conclusion.  All three moments in the history of nursing knowledge were found to be concurrently present in nursing practice. Ward cultural knowledge and procedural knowledge reflect the rule‐based descriptive knowledge of the first moment, theoretical knowledge and personal practice knowledge reflect the explanatory dualist knowledge of the second moment and reflexive knowledge reflects the critical and integrative knowledge of the third moment.
Music improves sleep quality in students
Authors: Harmat László , Takács Johanna , Bódizs Róbert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTitle. Music improves sleep quality in students.Aim. This paper is a report of a study to investigate the effects of music on sleep quality in young participants with poor sleep.Background. Sleep disorders may result in fatigue, tiredness, depression and problems in daytime functioning. Music can reduce sympathetic nervous system activity, decrease anxiety, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate and may have positive effects on sleep via muscle relaxation and distraction from thoughts. Control groups have not been used in most previous studies.Methods. We used a three‐group repeated measures design. Ninety‐four students (aged between 19 and 28 years) with sleep complaints were studied in 2006. Participants listened for 45 minutes either to relaxing classical music (Group 1) or an audiobook (Group 2) at bedtime for 3 weeks. The control group (Group 3) received no intervention. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index before the study and weekly during the intervention. Depressive symptoms in experimental group participants were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory.Results. Repeated measuresanovarevealed a main effect of TIME (P < 0·0001) and an interaction between TIME and GROUPS (P < 0·0001).Post hoctests with Bonferroni correction showed that music statistically significantly improved sleep quality (P < 0·0001). Sleep quality did not improve statistically significantly in the audiobook and the control group. Depressive symptoms decreased statistically significantly in the music group (P < 0·0001), but not in the group listening to audiobooks.Conclusion. Relaxing classical music is an effective intervention in reducing sleeping problems. Nurses could use this safe, cheap and easy to learn method to treat insomnia.
Factors influencing osteoporosis preventive behaviours: testing a path model
Authors: Hsieh Ching‐Hsing , Wang Chen‐Yen , McCubbin Marilyn , Zhang Shuqiang , Inouye Jillian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTitle. Factors influencing osteoporosis preventive behaviours: testing a path model.Aim. This paper is a report of a study to test a model of certain factors influencing people engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours, and to estimate the direct and indirect effects of personal and social factors on whether people engage in those behaviours.Background. Osteoporosis preventive behaviours, including exercise and calcium intake, help decreasing the risk of developing osteoporosis. Reasons for engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours are complex and influenced by personal and social factors. Years of education, self‐efficacy, knowledge of osteoporosis, social support and social capital have been indicated to increase people engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours; but age has been shown to decrease those behaviours.Methods. The proposed model was developed using Social Cognitive Theory and a conceptual framework for addressing the social context of health behaviour. A correlational cross‐sectional study was carried out in 2005, using questionnaires and a convenience sample of 243 participants. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation techniques and path analysis.Results. Self‐efficacy was a better predictor of engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours than were the other variables. Social capital had a statistically significant direct and indirect effect on osteoporosis preventive behaviours. The modified path model showed good fit with the data.Conclusion. The associations between personal and social factors extend our knowledge from previous studies and increase our understanding of the complex relationships among the study variables. The model provides guidance for future nursing practice, research, and education programs related to osteoporosis prevention.
Riparian arthropod responses to flow regulation and river channelization
Authors: Paetzold Achim , Yoshimura Chihiro , Tockner Klement 
Published: April 2008

Summary

Alterations to river flow and morphology widely impact riverine habitats. Little is known about the consequences of such alterations on riparian arthropods, although they contribute substantially to riverine biodiversity and play a critical role in linking aquatic and terrestrial food webs.
We investigated the interactive effects of flow regulation (hydropeaking) and river channelization on gravel‐bar habitat characteristics and riparian arthropods in seven Alpine rivers. Digital elevation models were developed to simulate inundation dynamics of each gravel bar.
Channelization significantly increased inundation frequency, and hydropeaking increased substrate embeddedness. The total abundance of riparian arthropods was significantly reduced by hydropeaking, whereas arthropod species richness was reduced by both hydropeaking and channelization. Sites that were affected by both hydrological and morphological modifications together were almost devoid of arthropods.
The sensitivity of riparian arthropods to alterations in flow and morphology differed among taxa. Spider abundance and richness were significantly reduced by channelization only. Ground beetles showed no significant response. Rove beetle abundance and richness were negatively affected by hydropeaking whereas channelization had a negative effect only in rivers with hydropeaking.
Abundance and richness of all taxa combined, and of spiders independently, were negatively correlated with inundation frequency and substrate embeddedness. Rove beetle abundance and richness were negatively correlated with embeddedness. Spider and rove beetle richness were also correlated with gravel bar area.
Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that the richness and abundance of riparian arthropods were predominantly affected by the availability of exposed gravel above the average high‐water level and substrate embeddedness. Restoration of riverbank morphology and mitigation of hydropeaking are likely to benefit riparian arthropods. Riparian arthropods, particularly spiders and rove beetles, appear to be sensitive indicators of the ecological effects of hydromorphological alterations in rivers.
Do male moor frogs (Rana arvalis) lek with kin?
Authors: KNOPP T. , HEIMOVIRTA M. , KOKKO H. , MERILÄ J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMany amphibian species are known to form leks during breeding season, yet it has seldom been tested which evolutionary forces are likely to act on lek formation in this taxon. We tested the kin selection hypothesis for lek formation by using eight variable microsatellite loci to compare the genetic relationship of 203 males in seven Rana arvalis leks. The results indicate that moor frog males do not lek with kin: their relatedness within leks was not higher than expected by chance. Furthermore, spatially distinct leks within same water bodies could not be distinguished from each other as separate units. These results are not expected if kin selection underlie lek formation. On the basis of these results and general knowledge of anuran breeding biology, we suggest that lek formation in explosively breeding amphibians might have evolved by female choice for breeding aggregations, combined with female choice of habitat. Future work should aim at predicting aggregations based on rules of phonotaxis over different spatial scales, and empirical work should document visitation rates not only for leks of a specific size, but also for different travel distances that visiting females may have had to cover.
Ancestry and divergence of subtropical montane forest isolates: molecular biogeography of the genusAbies(Pinaceae) in southern México and Guatemala
Authors: JARAMILLO‐CORREA JUAN P. , AGUIRRE‐PLANTER ERIKA , KHASA DAMASE P. , EGUIARTE LUIS E. , PIÑERO DANIEL , FURNIER GLENN R. , BOUSQUET JEAN 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe genusAbieshas a complex history in southern México and Guatemala. In this region, four closely related species,Abies flinckii,A. guatemalensis,A. hickelii, andA. religiosa, are distributed in fragmented and isolated montane populations. Range‐wide genetic variation was investigated across species using cytoplasmic DNA markers with contrasted inheritance. Variation at two maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA markers was low. All species shared two of the nine mitotypes detected, while the remaining seven mitochondrial DNA types were restricted to a few isolated stands. Mitochondrial genetic differentiation across taxa was high (GST = 0.933), it was not related to the taxonomic identity (amova;P > 0.05) of the populations, and it was not phylogeographically structured (GST ≈ NST). In contrast, variation at three paternally inherited chloroplast DNA microsatellites was high. Chloroplast genetic differentiation was lower (GST = 0.402;RST = 0.547) than for mitochondrial DNA, but it was significantly related to taxonomy (amova;P < 0.001), and exhibited a significant phylogeographical structure (GST < RST). Different analyses of population structure indicated thatA. flinckiiwas the most divergent taxon, while the remaining three species formed a relatively homogeneous group. However, a small number of the populations of these three taxa, all located at the limits of their respective ranges or in the Transverse Volcanic Belt, diverged from this main cluster. These trends suggest that the MesoamericanAbiesshare a recent common ancestor and that their divergence and speciation is mainly driven by genetic drift and isolation during the warm interglacial periods.
Foliar susceptibility of eastern oak species to Phytophthora infection
Authors: Balci Y. , Balci S. , MacDonald W. L. , Gottschalk K. W. 
Published: April 2008

SummarySeven different Phytophthora species were used to test the foliar susceptibility of the common eastern US oak species and understory plants to Phytophthora infection. The Phytophthora species employed were Phytophthora cambivora, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora citricola, Phytophthora europaea, Phytophthora quercetorum, Phytophthora quercina‐like and Phytophthora sp1. Inoculation of detached‐leaves with agar plugs containing mycelia of Phytophthora provided an estimate of their relative susceptibility. Lesions were always greater when foliage was wounded and young. On deciduous plants, lesion sizes were considerably reduced with the increasing foliar age, although with evergreen plants lesion sizes remained similar regardless of foliar age when more aggressive isolates were tested. Infections seldom resulted when foliage was not wounded. With young and mature foliage, P. citricola usually produced the largest lesions. Young foliage of Quercus rubra was the most susceptible to infection followed by Castanea dentata for both wounded and non‐wounded inoculations. Mature foliage of Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia and Quercus alba were the most susceptible to wound and non‐wound inoculations.
Chitinase CHIT36 from Trichoderma harzianum Enhances Resistance of Transgenic Carrot to Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Baranski Rafal , Klocke Evelyn , Nothnagel Thomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMicrobial endochitinase CHIT36 is one of the lytic enzymes secreted by Trichoderma harzianum that exhibits antifungal activity in vitro. To evaluate its activity when expressed in planta, a plasmid containing chit36 gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter and the nptII selection gene were introduced into polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐treated carrot (Daucus carota L.) protoplasts. The transgenic plants expressing CHIT36 were used in resistance assays to evaluate their susceptibility to fungal pathogens. Laboratory‐based assays on detached leaves and petioles showed that the transgenic carrots had less severe disease symptoms. The resistance response depended on the transgenic clone, but all clones had significantly enhanced tolerance to Alternaria radicina and Botrytis cinerea, on average by 50%. Slower disease progress caused by Alternaria dauci was observed for two transgenic clones while the remaining clone was more susceptible than the control. The most resistant transgenic clones were also more tolerant to the pathogens than ‘Bolero’ F1, which is a conventionally bred cultivar tolerant to A. dauci. This is the first report of the use of microbial chitinase to enhance carrot resistance. The results indicate that CHIT36 expressed in planta has the potential to reduce development of fungal diseases.
Monitoring of Epstein–Barr virus load and antibody in pediatric renal transplant patients
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Fujieda Mikiya , Tanaka Eriko , Miyamura Masakazu , Chikamoto Hiroko , Hisano Masataka , Akioka Yuko , Ishiura Yoshihito , Dohno Sumitaka , Maeda Akihiko , Hattori Motoshi , Wakiguchi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection can lead to life‐threatening post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The aim of the present study was to establish EBV monitoring methods to prevent PTLD.Methods: EBV‐DNA load was investigated, using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti‐EBV antibody titers, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 21 renal transplant patients (seven recipients who were EBV‐seronegative, R[−]; 14 who were EBV‐seropositive, R[+]) before grafting. The mean age at entry and the mean follow‐up period was 7.8 years of age (range, 3.3–12.0 years) and 1.8 years (range, 0.4–4.0 years), respectively, in the R(−) group, and 12.5 years of age (range, 3.9–17.7 years) and 3.8 years (range, 0.8–8.2 years) in the R(+) group, respectively.Results: The mean maximum load of the EBV genome was 1071 copies/μg DNA (range, 106–20700 copies/μg DNA) in the R(−) group, and 61 copies/μg DNA (range, <50–552 copies/μg DNA) in the R(+) group. During follow up no patient in the R(+) group had any noticeable symptoms that could be related to EBV, but three recipients in the R(−) group developed EBV‐related symptoms including adenoid hypertrophy, cervical lymphadenopathy, and PTLD (B cell lymphoma), in one patient each. In the R(−) group the first leukocyte‐associated viremia was detected at 30–180 days, and seroconversion at 43–266 days after transplantation.Conclusions: Viral DNA detection using PCR is a useful tool for EBV surveillance, but the maximum EBV load was not markedly elevated (2474 copies/μg DNA) in a patient with PTLD. Therefore, EBV surveillance using only monitoring of EBV load in peripheral leukocyte may be insufficient. Histology may therefore be necessary to accurately diagnose PTLD.
Increased serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein is related to hypoxia and brain natriuretic peptide in congenital heart disease
Authors: Tomita Hideshi , Takamuro Motoki , Soda Wataru , Hatakeyama Kinya , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Studies of adults have shown a direct association between increased serum concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic heart failure. Some studies have documented elevated hs‐CRP in obese children and adolescents, and in patients with a history of Kawasaki disease, but there are few data on its clinical significance in congenital heart disease.Methods: Measurements of hs‐CRP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), hemoglobin, and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) were done in the following 70 patients: 18 controls; 11 with hypoxia (SpO2 ≤ 85% and BNP < 40 pg/mL); 31 with raised BNP (BNP ≥ 40 pg/mL and SpO2 > 85%); and 10 patients with hypoxia–BNP (SpO2 ≤ 85% and BNP ≥ 40 pg/mL). Correlations between hs‐CRP, and age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, SpO2, and BNP were analyzed using single and multiple regression analysis.Results: Hs‐CRP in the hypoxia–BNP group was higher than in the other three groups, while in the hypoxia and the BNP groups it tended to be higher than in the controls. Although single regression analysis showed significant correlations between hs‐CRP and, age, BNP, hemoglobin, and SpO2, multiple regression analysis showed that only BNP and SpO2 had a significant correlation with hs‐CRP.Conclusions: In preoperative or postoperative congenital heart disease, patients who had hypoxia or increased BNP had a higher hs‐CRP level than controls. Serum concentration of hs‐CRP significantly correlated with SpO2 and plasma BNP levels, but not with age or BMI.
Risk factors for developing severe clinical course in HUS patients: a national survey in Japan
Authors: Kamioka Ichiro , Yoshiya Kunihiko , Satomura Kenichi , Kaito Hiroshi , Fujita Teruo , Iijima Kazumoto , Nakanishi Koichi , Yoshikawa Norishige , Nozu Kandai , Matsuo Masafumi ,   members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Nephrology
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Cases accompanied by prodromal gastrointestinal tract symptoms are referred to as typical HUS. Some severe HUS patients require dialysis or develop central nervous system (CNS) disorders after the onset of HUS.Methods: Patients who developed typical HUS in 2001 and 2002 in Japan, 127 in all, were the study subjects. To identify the risk factors for the development of a severe clinical course, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed on logistic regression.Results: Two of the 127 patients died (1.6%): one from acute cardiac failure and the other from a CNS disorder. Thirty‐five patients required dialysis (28%) and 30 had CNS symptoms (24%). Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk factors for need for dialysis were serum sodium and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of ≤130 mEq/L and ≥70 IU/L, respectively, at the onset of HUS and those for developing CNS disorders were dialysis and C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≥5.0 mg/dL at the onset of HUS.Conclusions: Because patients with these risk factors, such as low serum sodium, high ALT or high CRP levels, may require dialysis or develop CNS disorders, they should be treated carefully in the early stage of HUS.
Elective cryopreservation of all day 5 blastocysts is more effective than using day 6 blastocysts for improving pregnancy outcome in stimulated cycles
Authors: YAMAMOTO SETSUKO , UMEKI MICHIKO , HAMANO TERUHIRO , MATSUSITA FUJIYO , KUWAHARA KIMIKO 
Published: April 2008

Aim:  To evaluate the efficacy of cryopreservation of all blastocysts for future transfers in stimulated cycles.Methods:  We carried out fresh blastocyst transfer cycles on day 5 (n = 290) or day 6 (n = 119) and thawed blastocyst transfer cycles that were frozen on day 5 (n = 136), day 6 (n = 71) or day 6 electively (n = 21). We retrospectively compared the clinical outcome of fresh blastocyst transfers with thawed blastocyst transfers according to the day of blastocyst transfer or freezing.Results:  The clinical implantation rates in women with stimulated cycles were significantly higher after the transfer of thawed blastocysts compared with the transfer of fresh blastocysts (day 5, P < 0.0005; day 6, P < 0.00005). Although the implantation rate of fresh day 6 transfer cycles was lower than that of elective day 6 frozen–thawed cycles, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.17).Conclusions:  Thawed blastocysts demonstrated a better potential for implantation when compared with fresh blastocysts in stimulated cycles. We concluded that elective cryopreservation of all blastocysts on day 5 is an effective option to improve the clinical outcome in stimulated cycles. Additionally, with cryopreservation of all day 6 blastocysts, the implantation rates of first embryo transfers may increase by allowing the best‐quality blastocysts to be transferred in thawed cycles. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7: 75–83)
Mild stimulation with clomiphene citrate in combination with recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist and its influence on serum estradiol level and pregnancy rate
Authors: YANAIHARA ATSUSHI , YORIMITSU TAKESHI , MOTOYAMA HIROSHI , OHARA MOTOHIRO , KAWAMURA TOSHIHIRO 
Published: April 2008

Aim:  The mild ovarian stimulation protocol for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is carried out to minimize adverse side‐effects as well as cost. While performing mild ovarian stimulation with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, the pregnancy rate was examined in cases that exhibited a serum estradiol (E2) drop down.Methods:  In this study, 174 patients who requested mild ovarian stimulation for IVF began clomiphene citrate on day 3 and recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) on day 5 of their menstrual cycles. A GnRH antagonist was administered when the dominant follicle reached a diameter of 14 mm. Serum luteinizing hormone and estradiol were measured at the time of GnRH antagonist administration and at the time of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Pregnancy rates and implantation rates were compared between 24 cycles in which the E2 level fell at the time of hCG injection and 150 cycles in which it did not fall.Results:  The pregnancy rate in the cases in which the E2 level fell (25% decrease) at the time of hCG injection was significantly lower than it was in the cases in which it did not fall (16.7 vs 41.0%). The implantation rate for the cases in which the E2 level fell was also lower than that of the control group (7.0 vs 31.0%). There was no significant difference in the number of good‐quality embryos between the two groups.Conclusion:  When performing the mild ovarian stimulation protocol, serum E2 should be followed. It is prudent to avoid embryo transfer in the same cycle in cases that exhibit E2 drop down. (Reprod Med Biol 2008; 7: 85–89)