bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common single nucleotide polymorphism of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and its impact on the clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: LING Ting Sheng , SHI Rui Hua , ZHANG Guo Xin , ZHU Hong , YU Lian Zhen , DING Xia Feng 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:  Angiogenesis is one of the most important molecular events in solid tumor development and growth, in which hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α is a key regulator and plays an important role. Studies have shown that a single nucleotide polymorphism (C1772T) in the HIF‐1α gene exerts a large effect on the phenotype of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. But the impact of the C1772T polymorphism on the clinicopathological features of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown, and thus it is the main focus of our study.METHODS:  The C1772T genotype of 95 ESCC patients and 104 healthy controls were studied by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mutations were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. The impact of C1772T on tumor size, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological grade and TNM stage was also studied.RESULTS:  The genotype frequency observed in the patients and controls was 11.58% versus 10.58%, respectively, for genotype C/T (P > 0.05). Genotype T/T was not found in our study. Larger tumors and a higher rate of lymph node metastasis was found for the C/T group.CONCLUSIONS:  Although there is no significant difference of genotype distribution between ESCC patients and healthy controls, genotype C/T is associated with larger tumor and higher rate of lymph node metastasis.
Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in West Bengal, India
Authors: UTPAL De 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:  Laparoscopic appendectomy, although widely practiced, has not gained universal approval. Laparoscopic appendectomy in India is relatively new, and reports regarding its use are few. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic with open appendectomy and ascertain its therapeutic benefit, if any, in the overall management of acute appendicitis.METHODS:  The study group consisted of 279 patients suffering from acute appendicitis. One hundred patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and 179 patients underwent open appendectomy (OA). Comparisons were based on median values for length of hospital stay, operating time, postoperative morbidity, duration of convalescence and operative cost. Mann–Whitney statistics (T) were calculated and, because of the large sample size, the normal deviate test (Z) was used.RESULTS:  Of the 100 patients who were to receive LA, six patients (6%) had the procedure converted to open surgery. The rate of overall complications (LA 15%vs OA 31.8%; P < 0.001) was significantly lower in patients undergoing LA. The median length of stay was significantly shorter after LA (3 days after LA vs 5 days after OA; P < 0.0001) than after OA. The operating time was shorter (median values: OA 25 min vs LA 28 min; 0.01 < P < 0.05) in patients undergoing OA compared with LA.CONCLUSION:  For LA, hospital stay was significantly shorter, and the one‐time operative cost appeared to be marginally the same as open surgery. Furthermore, LA was associated with increased clinical comfort in terms of fewer wound infections, faster recovery, earlier return to work and improved cosmesis.
Effects of sodium phenylbutyrate on differentiation and induction of the P21WAF1/CIP1 anti‐oncogene in human liver carcinoma cell lines
Authors: MENG Mei , JIANG Jun Mei , LIU Hui , IN Cheng Yong , ZHU Ju Ren 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVES:  To explore the effects of sodium phenylbutyrate on the proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle arrest and induction of the P21WAF1/CIP1 anti‐oncogene in human liver carcinoma cell lines Bel‐7402 and HepG2.METHODS:  Bel‐7402 and HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells were treated with sodium phenylbutyrate at different concentrations. Light microscopy was used to observe morphological changes in the carcinoma cells. Effects on the cell cycle were detected by using flow cytometry. P21WAF1/CIP1 expression was determined by both reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed by using one‐way anova and Student's t‐test.RESULTS:  Sodium phenylbutyrate treatment caused time‐ and dose‐dependent growth inhibition of Bel‐7402 and HepG2 cells. This treatment also caused a decline in the proportion of S‐phase cells and an increase in the proportion of G0/G1 cells. Sodium phenylbutyrate increased the expression of P21WAF1/CIP1.CONCLUSIONS:  Sodium phenylbutyrate inhibits the proliferation of human liver carcinoma cells Bel‐7402 and HepG2, induces partial differentiation, and increases the expression of P21WAF1/CIP1.
Experimental acute alcohol pancreatitis‐related liver damage and endotoxemia: synbiotics but not metronidazole have a protective effect
Authors: MAROTTA F , BARRETO R , WU CC , NAITO Y , GELOSA F , LORENZETTI A , YOSHIOKA M , FESCE E 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to test the effect of gut manipulation by either novel synbiotics or by metronidazole on either endotoxemia or the severity of liver damage in the course of acute pancreatitis from alcohol ingestion.METHODS:  Sprague–Dawley rats were fed for 1 week through an intragastric tube a liquid diet with either: (i) 1 mL t.i.d. of a mixture of synbiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium in an enriched medium); (ii) 20 mg/kg t.i.d. metronidazole; or (iii) standard diet. Then, acute pancreatitis was induced by caerulein and when the disease was full‐blown, rats were fed an alcohol‐rich diet. Synbiotic and metronidazole treatment was given for a further 2 weeks. Transaminase and endotoxemia levels were measured before treatment, after 6 h, after 24 h and 2 weeks later, at the time the rats were killed. Liver samples were obtained for histological analysis.RESULTS:  Synbiotics but not metronidazole improved the acute pancreatitis‐induced increase in endotoxemia and transaminase levels. The addition of alcohol worsened these variables to a limited extent in the synbiotic‐treated group, while metronidazole had a negative effect on liver damage.CONCLUSIONS:  Gut flora pretreatment with synbiotics was able to effectively protect against endotoxin/bacterial translocation, as well as liver damage in the course of acute pancreatitis and concomitant heavy alcohol consumption. The beneficial effect of synbiotics on liver histology seems to be correlated with endotoxemia. Metronidazole did not produce such a beneficial effect; in fact, it further worsened liver damage when alcohol was added to the background of ongoing acute pancreatic inflammation.
Comparison of the efficacy of 1‐day high‐dose quadruple therapy versus 7‐day triple therapy for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: ZHENG Qing , PAN Yan , ZHANG Lin , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND:  The proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based 7‐day triple therapy is the regimen with the highest cure rates for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and has been recommended as the first‐line regimen in the world. It had been reported that a 1‐day quadruple therapy could also successfully cure 95% of the H. pylori infected patients.OBJECTIVES:  To observe the efficacy of 1‐day high‐dose quadruple therapy versus 7‐day triple therapy for treatment of H. pylori infection, and to observe side‐effects of the two different regimens.METHODS:  This randomized, open, parallel‐controlled study was conducted at Renji Hospital between November 2004 to March 2005. A total of 80 consecutive patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia, who were H. pylori positive proven by both rapid urease test and histology were included and randomly assigned to 1‐day quadruple therapy or 7‐day triple therapy. Thirty‐nine patients were administered with 1‐day high‐dose quadruple therapy including esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d., colloidal bismuth subcitrate 440 mg q.i.d., amoxicillin 2 g q.i.d. and metronidazole (400 mg q.i.d.) for 1 day. Forty‐one patients received a standard 7‐day triple therapy consisting of esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. for 7 days. The eradication rates were evaluated by the 13C‐urea breath test at least 4 weeks after completion of a course treatment.RESULTS:  Seventy‐seven patients completed the trial and three patients dropped out. The eradication rates in the 1‐day therapeutic group and the 7‐day therapeutic group were 39.5% (15/38) and 84.6% (33/39), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Short‐lasting and self‐limiting side effects including thirst, a metallic taste, diarrhea and abdominal pain were reported in three patients (7.9%) in the 1‐day group and seven patients (18%) in the 7‐day group (P = 0.31).CONCLUSIONS:  A 1‐day high‐dose quadruple therapy with amoxicillin, metronidazole, bismuth salt, and esomeprazole is not effective for eradication of H. pylori compared with the standard 7‐day triple therapy.
Accuracy and Optimization of Force Platform Gait Analysis in Labradors with Cranial Cruciate Disease Evaluated at a Walking Gait
Authors: Evans Richard , Horstman Chris , Conzemius Mike 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To determine the combination of ground reaction forces (GRFs) that best discriminates between lame and non‐lame dogs. To compare the sensitivity of force platform gait analysis and visual observation at detecting gait abnormalities in Labradors after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).Animals—All dogs were adult Labrador Retrievers: 17 free of orthopedic and neurologic abnormalities, 100 with unilateral CCL rupture, and 131 studied 6 months after surgery for unilateral CCL injury, 15 with observable lameness.Procedure—Dogs were walked over a force platform with GRF recorded during the stance phase. Analytic properties of force platform gait analysis were calculated for several combinations of forces. The probability of visual observation detecting a gait abnormality was compared with that of force platform gait analysis.Results—We determined that a combination of peak vertical force (PVF) and falling slope were optimal for discriminating sound and lame Labradors. After surgery, many dogs (75%) with no observable lameness failed to achieve GRFs consistent with sound Labradors.Conclusion—A force platform is an accurate method of assessing lameness in Labradors with CCL rupture and is more sensitive than visual observation. Assessing lameness with a combination of GRFs is better than using univariate GRFs.Clinical Relevance—Therapies for stifle lameness can be accurately and objectively evaluated using 2 vertical ground reaction forces obtained from a force platform.
Force Plate Analysis Before and After Dorsal Decompression for Treatment of Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis in Dogs
Authors: Van Klaveren Nicolien J. , Suwankong Niyada , De Boer Sanneke , Van Den Brom Walter E. , Voorhout George , Hazewinkel Herman A.W. , Meij Björn P. 
Published: October 2005

Objective–Using force plate analysis (FPA), determine ground reaction forces in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLS) and evaluate the effects of lumbosacral decompressive surgery.Study Design–Prospective clinical study.Animals–Twelve dogs with DLS.Methods–DLS was diagnosed by clinical signs, radiography, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. FPA was performed before surgery, and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The mean peak braking (Fy+), peak propulsive (Fy−), and peak vertical (Fz+) forces of 8 consecutive strides were determined. The ratio between the total Fy−of the pelvic limbs and the total Fy−of the thoracic limbs (P/TFy−), reflecting the distribution of Fy−, was analyzed to evaluate any changes in locomotion pattern postoperatively. Ground reaction force data for DLS dogs were compared with data derived from 24 healthy dogs (control).Results–In dogs with DLS, the propulsive forces (Fy−) of the pelvic limbs were significantly smaller than those of controls. P/TFy−was significantly smaller in dogs with DLS than in control dogs, and increased during the follow‐up period, reaching normal values 6 months after surgery.Conclusions–Cauda equina compression in dogs with DLS decreases the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs and surgical treatment restores the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs in a 6‐month period.Clinical Relevance–In dogs with DLS, FPA is an effective method in evaluating the response to surgical treatment. Normal propulsive force in the pelvic limbs was restored during 6 months after decompressive surgery.
Expression of Relaxin Receptor LRG7, Canine Relaxin, and Relaxin‐Like Factor in the Pelvic Diaphragm Musculature of Dogs with and Without Perineal Hernia
Authors: Merchav Ronit , Feuermann Yonatan , Shamay Avi , Ranen Eyal , Stein Uri , Johnston Dudley E. , Shahar Ron 
Published: October 2005

Objectives—To compare the expression of canine relaxin, relaxin‐like factor (RLF), and relaxin receptors within the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia (PH) and clinically normal dogs.Study Design—In vivo comparative study.Animals—Fifteen client‐owned intact male dogs with PH were studied. Four mature intact male dogs with no evidence of perineal pathology served as controls.Methods—Biopsy samples from the levator ani, coccygeus, and internal obturator muscles were obtained. RNA samples were reverse transcribed and analyzed by real‐time PCR for the expression of canine relaxin receptor LRG7, relaxin, and RLF.Results—Significantly higher expression levels of canine relaxin receptors occurred in the musculature of the pelvic diaphragm and internal obturator muscle in dogs with PH compared with normal dogs. Expression of canine RLF revealed no significant difference between dogs with PH and controls. The difference in the expression of canine relaxin between groups was not statistically significant.Conclusions—Relaxin receptor up‐regulation occurs in the coccygeus, levator ani, and internal obturator muscles of dogs with PH.Clinical Relevance—The higher expression of relaxin receptors within the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm in dogs with PH suggests that relaxin might play a role in the pathogenesis of PH. Atrophy of these muscles, which predisposes to PH, may be attributable to increased relaxin activity.
Collagenolytic Protease Expression in Cranial Cruciate Ligament and Stifle Synovial Fluid in Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Muir Peter , Danova Nichole A. , Argyle David J. , Manley Paul A. , Hao Zhengling 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To determine expression of collagenolytic genes and collagen degradation in stifle tissues of dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).Animals—Six dogs with CCL rupture and 11 dogs with intact CCL.Procedures—Gene expression in CCL tissue and synovial fluid cells was studied using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Collagen degradation was studied using CCL explant cultures and a synovial fluid bioassay.Results—Expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) was not found in young Beagles with intact CCL; however, increased expression of MMP‐3 was found in CCL tissue from older hounds with intact CCL, when compared with young Beagles. In dogs with ruptured CCL, expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 was increased in stifle tissues, when compared with dogs with intact CCL. Similar to MMP‐9, expression of tartrate‐resistant acid phospatase (TRAP) and cathepsin S was only found in stifle tissues from dogs with ruptured CCL; in contrast, expression of cathepsin K was found in all ruptured and intact CCL. Collagen degradation was increased in ruptured CCL, when compared with intact CCL.Conclusion—Rupture of the CCL is associated with up‐regulation of expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 (gelatinase A and B), TRAP, and cathepsin S, and increased degradation of collagen.Clinical Relevance—These findings suggest that MMP‐2, ‐9, cathepsin S, and TRAP may be important mediators of progressive joint destruction in dogs with CCL rupture. These genes are markers for macrophages and dendritic cells. MMP and cathepsin S pathways may offer novel targets for anti‐inflammatory medical therapy aimed at ameliorating joint degradation associated with inflammatory arthritis.
Biomechanical Comparison of Orthofix Pins and Cortical Bone Screws in a Canine Humeral Condylar Fracture Model
Authors: Vida J. T. , Pooya Hooman , Vasseur Philip B. , Garcia Tanya C. , Schulz Kurt , Stover Susan M. 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To compare shear stability of simulated humeral lateral condylar fractures reduced with either a self‐compressing pin or cortical bone screw.Study Design—In vitro biomechanical tests.Sample Population—Bilateral cadaveric canine humeri (n=18) without evidence of elbow disease.Methods—Lateral condylar fracture was simulated by standardized osteotomy. Bone fragments were stabilized with a self‐compressing pin or a cortical bone screw (2.7 or 3.5 mm) inserted in lag fashion. Specimens were mounted in a materials testing system and the condylar fragment displaced in a proximal direction until failure. Mechanical testing variables derived from load–deformation curves were compared between stabilization methods using a Student's paired t‐test.Results—There were no statistically significant differences for mechanical testing variables between pin and screw stabilized specimens at expected walk and trot loads. Three yield points subjectively coincided with yield of the interfragmentary interface (Y1), bone at the implant interface (Y2), and implant deformation (Y3). Displacements at Y1 were 48–156% greater for pin than screw stabilized specimens. Y2 and Y3 loads were higher for screw than pin stabilized specimens, but likely supraphysiologic for dogs convalescing after surgical repair.Conclusions—A self‐compressing pin or a cortical bone screw inserted in lag fashion both provided adequate strength in applied shear to sustain expected physiologic loads through the repaired canine elbow during postoperative convalescence.Clinical Relevance—Because self‐compressing pins were easy to implant and mechanical properties were not significantly different than cortical screws at expected physiologic loads, pins should be considered for the repair of traumatic humeral condylar fractures.
Axial Pattern Flap Based on the Lateral Caudal Arteries of the Tail in the Dog: An Experimental Study
Authors: Saifzadeh Siamak , Hobbenaghi Rahim , Noorabadi Mehdi 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To determine applicability and size limits of an axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries in dogs to reconstruct caudodorsal trunk skin defects.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Ten mature, mixed breed dogs.Methods—The lateral caudal vessels of the tail were incorporated in the flaps of the treatment group (n=5) and were ligated in the control group (n=5). Flaps were rotated and placed into experimentally created caudodorsal skin defects on the trunk. The length and area of tissue that remained viable in each flap were determined.Results—Mean (±SD) survival area (222.8±32.9 cm2) and length (25.1±4.5 cm) of vascularized flaps were significantly greater (P<.05) compared with control flaps (94.9±13.4 cm2and 14.61±4.7 cm). Necrosis occurred in all control flaps, resulting in lower percentage flap area (48.8%) and length (47.1%) survival compared with vascularized flaps (78.1%, 77.5%).Conclusions—Axial pattern flap based on lateral caudal arteries of the tail was successfully elevated and transferred in a single procedure, with 78% survival for closure of large experimentally created caudodorsal trunk defects in dogs.Clinical Relevance—Large cutaneous defects of the caudodorsal trunk area in dog could be reconstructed with tail axial pattern flap. Limitations in terms of size and changes in animal appearance have to be considered before flap elevation.
Repair of Urethral Defects Using Fascia Lata Autografts in Dogs
Authors: Atalan Gulteki̇n , Ci̇han Mete , Sozmen Mahmut , Ozaydin Isa 
Published: October 2005

Objective— To evaluate the feasibility of urethroplasty using a free fascia lata (FL) graft in the dog.Study Design— In vivo experimental study.Animals— Mixed‐breed dogs (n=14).Methods— Half of the circumference of the urethra, ∼1.5 cm long, was excised in 14 male dogs to induce a urethral defect. FL (∼2 cm × 2 cm) harvested from the lateral thigh was sutured to the urethra using a 3‐0 polyglactin 910 continuous pattern. Dogs were monitored daily for bladder distention and had urethral catheters until normal voiding was observed. On day 60, each dog had a positive contrast urethrogram, and then 8 dogs were euthanatized for gross and histologic examination. Six dogs were monitored for urologic problems for 6 months, and a positive contrast urethrogram was repeated.Results— All dogs recovered successfully; 4 dogs had difficulty voiding for 2–3 days and urine was aspirated from these dogs every 3 hours until signs of painful urination disappeared. On positive contrast urethrograms, urethral anatomy was considered normal except in 4 dogs that had an irregular contour. Gross urethral examination confirmed an absence of ulceration, stricture, diverticula, or fistula formation, and the FL‐lined graft survived in all dogs. No degenerative and reparative responses were observed. On histologic examination of the penile urethra, the lumen was intact, covered with transitional epithelium, and surrounded by corpus spongiosum with cavernous spaces and blood‐filled vessels.Conclusions— Free FL grafts are incorporated satisfactorily and would appear to be useful for repairing urethral defects.Clinical Relevance— FL grafts should be considered for repair of urethral defects in dogs.
Cisterna Chyli Ablation with Thoracic Duct Ligation for Chylothorax: Results in Eight Dogs
Authors: Hayashi Kei , Sicard Gretchen , Gellasch Kelly , Frank Joseph D. , Hardie Robert J. , McAnulty Jonathan F. 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To report use of combined cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) for treatment of spontaneously occurring chylothorax in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Eight dogs with chylothorax.Methods—TDL was performed through a right caudal intercostal thoracotomy and CCA through a left flank paracostal approach or ventral median celiotomy. Long‐term outcome (range, 2–48 months; median, 11.5 months) was evaluated by telephone communication with owners.Results—Seven dogs were free of clinical signs related to chylothorax at last follow‐up (range, 4–48 months; median, 15.5 months). One dog was euthanatized 2 months after surgery because of lack of improvement. No major complications occurred from CCA.Conclusion—CCA and TDL resolved chylothorax in most dogs (88%).Clinical Relevance—CCA combined with TDL may improve the outcome of chylothorax in dogs.