bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A first exploratory comparison of the behaviour of wolves (Canis lupus) and wolf-dog hybrids in captivity
Authors: Amici Federica , Meacci Simone , Caray Emmeline , Oña Linda , Liebal Katja , Ciucci Paolo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Extensive introgression of genes from domesticated taxa may be a serious threat for the genomic integrity and adaptability of wild populations. Grey wolves (Canis lupus) are especially vulnerable to this phenomenon, but there are no studies yet assessing the potential behavioural effects of dog-introgression in wolves. In this study, we conducted a first systematic comparison of admixed (N = 11) and non-admixed (N = 14) wolves in captivity, focusing on their reaction to unfamiliar humans and novel objects, and the cohesiveness of their social groups. When exposed to unfamiliar humans in the experimental task, wolves were more vigilant, fearful and aggressive than admixed wolves, and less likely to approach humans, but also more likely to spend time in human proximity. When exposed to novel objects, wolves were more aggressive than admixed wolves, less likely to spend time in object proximity, and more likely to interact with objects, but also less vigilant and as fearful as admixed wolves. Finally, social networks were more cohesive in wolves than in admixed wolves. Although caution is needed when comparing groups of captive individuals with different life experiences, our study suggests that dog admixture may lead to important behavioural changes in wolves, with possible implications for conservation strategies.
Choosing the best way: how wild common marmosets travel to efficiently exploit resources
Authors: Xavier Dêverton Plácido , Abreu Filipa , Souto Antonio , Schiel Nicola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While foraging, animals have to find potential food sites, remember these sites, and plan the best navigation route. To deal with problems associated with foraging for multiple and patchy resources, primates may employ heuristic strategies to improve foraging success. Until now, no study has attempted to investigate experimentally the use of such strategies by a primate in a context involving foraging in large-scale space. Thus, we carried out an experimental field study that aimed to test if wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) employ heuristic strategies to efficiently navigate through multiple feeding sites distributed in a large-scale space. In our experiment, we arranged four feeding platforms in a trapezoid configuration with up to 60 possible routes and observe marmosets’ decisions under two experimental conditions. In experimental condition I, all platforms contained the same amount of food; in experimental condition II, the platforms had different amounts of food. According to the number and arrangement of the platforms, we tested two heuristic strategies: the Nearest Neighbor Rule and the Gravity Rule. Our results revealed that wild common marmosets prefer to use routes consistent with a heuristic strategy more than expected by chance, regardless of food distribution. The findings also demonstrate that common marmosets seem to integrate different factors such as distance and quantity of food across multiple sites distributed over a large-scale space, employing a combination of heuristic strategies to select the most efficient routes available. In summary, our findings confirm our expectations and provide important insights into the spatial cognition of these small neotropical primates.
Atypical and delayed spinal cord MRI features of COVID-19-associated myelopathies: a report of four cases and literature review
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Huijun , Lin Jingya , Yang Lingli , Zhao Lipeng , Du Ailian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe reported four patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated myelopathies, highlighting the delayed and atypical spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and the literature review. All four patients were males, aged 37 to 72 years old. The latencies from COVID-19 to the onset of myelitis were 5, 15, 30, and 80 days. The initial symptoms were numbness and weakness of lower limbs in three cases, and back pain with weakness of lower limbs in one case. The peak symptoms included paraplegia, sphincter dysfunction, sensory disturbance level, and spastic gait. The EDSS scores were 7.5, 9.0, 9.0, and 7.5, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed delayed atypical spinal cord lesions at onset, i.e., two cases without lesions, one with linear spinal meningeal enhancement, and one with punctate lesions on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). During the follow-up period, punctate, linear, and cloudy lesions in the lateral and posterior funiculus were seen on T2WI in the peak stage. The prominent features of spinal cord lesions were linear spinal meningeal enhancement, the mismatch of deteriorated clinical symptoms, and inapparent MRI findings. All four patients were left with an obvious disability, with two patients completely bedridden and two who could stand with support. This report highlights the recognition of COVID-19-associated myelopathy even months after initial infection, especially in patients with delayed and atypical spinal cord findings on MRI.
Statin use in relation to long-term survival after gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Authors: Holmberg Dag , Kauppila Joonas H. , Asplund Johannes , Leijonmarck Wilhelm , Mattsson Fredrik , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies have suggested that medication with statins improves survival in patients with gastric cancer, but methodological issues have limited the interpretability and prohibited conclusive results. We aimed to provide valid evidence as to whether statin use improves survival of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods
This nationwide and population-based cohort study included virtually all patients who underwent curatively intended surgery (gastrectomy) for gastric adenocarcinoma in Sweden between 2006 and 2015 with follow-up throughout 2019 for disease-specific mortality and 2020 for all-cause mortality. Data came from medical records and national healthcare registries. The exposure was statin use during the year prior to gastrectomy which was compared to no such use during the same period. The outcomes were 5-year disease-specific mortality (main) and 5-year all-cause mortality (secondary). Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, education, calendar year, comorbidity, low-dose aspirin use, tumour sublocation, pathological tumour stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, annual surgeon volume, and surgical radicality.

Results
Among 1515 participating patients, the mean age was 69 years and 58.4% were men. Statin use, identified in 399 (26.3%) patients, was not associated with any statistically significantly decreased 5-year disease-specific mortality (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.82–1.21) or 5-year all-cause mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79–1.12). No risk reductions were found across subgroups of age, sex, aspirin user status, or tumour stage, or in patients with long-term preoperative of postoperative use of statins, all with point estimates close to 1.

Conclusions
Perioperative use of statins does not seem to improve the 5-year survival in patients who undergo gastrectomy with curative intent for gastric adenocarcinoma in Sweden.
Semi-purified Antimicrobial Proteins from Oyster Hemolymph Inhibit Pneumococcal Infection
Authors: Summer Kate , Liu Lei , Guo Qi , Barkla Bronwyn , Benkendorff Kirsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPneumococcal infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly among children. The ability of S. pneumoniae to form enduring biofilms makes treatment inherently difficult, and options are further limited by emerging antibiotic resistance. The discovery of new antibiotics, particularly those with antibiofilm activity, is therefore increasingly important. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) from marine invertebrates are recognised as promising pharmacological leads. This study determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of hemolymph and unique protein fractions from an Australian oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) against multi-drug-resistant S. pneumoniae. We developed a successful method for hemolymph extraction and separation into 16 fractions by preparative HPLC. The strongest activity was observed in fraction 7: at 42 µg/mL protein, this fraction was bactericidal to S. pneumoniae and inhibited biofilm formation. Proteomic analysis showed that fraction 7 contained relatively high abundance of carbonic anhydrase, cofilin, cystatin B–like, and gelsolin-like proteins, while surrounding fractions, which showed lower or no antibacterial activity, contained these proteins in lower abundance or not at all. This work supports traditional medicinal uses of oysters and contributes to further research and development of novel hemolymph/AMP-based treatments for pneumococcal infections.
Real-time system call-based ransomware detection
Authors: Chew Christopher Jun Wen , Kumar Vimal , Patros Panos , Malik Robi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRansomware, particularly crypto ransomware, has emerged as the go-to malware for threat actors aiming to compromise data on Android devices as well as in general. In this paper, we present a ransomware detection technique based on behaviours observed in the system calls performed by the malware. We first describe our repeatable and extensible methodology for extracting the system call log and patterns. We then identify and present some common high-level system call behavioural patterns exhibited by crypto ransomware, and evaluate these patterns. We further describe the implementation of a streaming implementation that utilises regular expressions for modelling malware behaviours and finite state machines for detecting crypto ransomware behaviours in real time. The success of our proof of concept evaluation allows us to envision our proposed technique applied as part of a self-protection system on Android phones against malware.
AutoPKI: public key infrastructure for IoT with automated trust transfer
Authors: Höglund Joel , Bouget Simon , Furuhed Martin , Preuß Mattsson John , Selander Göran , Raza Shahid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIoT deployments grow in numbers and size, which makes questions of long-term support and maintainability increasingly important. Without scalable and standard-compliant capabilities to transfer the control of IoT devices between service providers, IoT system owners cannot ensure long-term maintainability, and risk vendor lock-in. The manual overhead must be kept low for large-scale IoT installations to be economically feasible. We propose AutoPKI, a lightweight protocol to update the IoT PKI credentials and shift the trusted domains, enabling the transfer of control between IoT service providers, building upon the latest IoT standards for secure communication and efficient encodings. We show that the overhead for the involved IoT devices is small and that the overall required manual overhead can be minimized. We analyse the fulfilment of the security requirements, and for a subset of them, we demonstrate that the desired security properties hold through formal verification using the Tamarin prover.
A Finite Element Model to Investigate the Stability of Osteochondral Grafts Within a Human Tibiofemoral Joint
Authors: Day Gavin A. , Jones Alison C. , Mengoni Marlène , Wilcox Ruth K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteochondral grafting has demonstrated positive outcomes for treating articular cartilage defects by replacing the damaged region with a cylindrical graft consisting of bone with a layer of cartilage. However, factors that cause graft subsidence are not well understood. The aim of this study was to develop finite element (FE) models of osteochondral grafts within a tibiofemoral joint, suitable for an investigation of parameters affecting graft stability. Cadaveric femurs were used to experimentally calibrate the bone properties and graft-bone frictional forces for use in corresponding image-based FE models, generated from µCT scan data. Effects of cartilage defects and osteochondral graft repair were measured by examining contact pressure changes using further in vitro tests. Here, six defects were created in the femoral condyles, which were subsequently treated with osteochondral autografts or metal pins. Matching image-based FE models were created, and the contact patches were compared. The bone material properties and graft-bone frictional forces were successfully calibrated from the initial tests with good resulting levels of agreement (CCC = 0.87). The tibiofemoral joint experiment provided a range of cases that were accurately described in the resultant pressure maps and were well represented in the FE models. Cartilage defects and repair quality were experimentally measurable with good agreement in the FE model pressure maps. Model confidence was built through extensive validation and sensitivity testing. It was found that specimen-specific properties were required to accurately represent graft behaviour. The final models produced are suitable for a range of parametric testing to investigate immediate graft stability.
“If you don’t actually care for somebody, how can you help them?”: Exploring Young People’s Core Needs in Mental Healthcare—Directions for Improving Service Provision
Authors: Lynch Louise , Moorhead Anne , Long Maggie , Hawthorne-Steele Isobel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYouth suicide and mental health are important issues of global concern that require timely and evidence-based interventions to increase quality of life and prevent deaths. Findings report that young people have lower mental health help-seeking rates, and there is a lack of qualitative research examining why. The aim of this research study was to further understanding on young people’s core needs in mental healthcare based on actual experiences (PLE) of help-seeking with providers of mental health services. Constructivist Grounded Theory methods (Charmaz, 2014) informed this study design, and in-depth interviews and a focus group were conducted with 18 young people. The findings were presented across four sub-categories, which together describe the common factors, that are regarded as essential in youth mental healthcare provision. These include: 1. The services; 2. The helper; 3. The interventions, and 4. The impact of development. Critical discussion into young people’s needs in mental healthcare was provided including the key service factors, approach and rapport with helpers, types of intervention and alignment with typical developmental capacity. This article provides guidance on how to improve, design, or reform service provision, and can be a useful resource for policy makers, service providers and practitioners. This study concluded that youth participation in the co-design of service provision is important as it can reduce health disparities and ensure that services provide relevant, respectful and suitable care that reflects the way in which young people experience mental health problems as well as the ways in which they want to be helped.
Do emojis really help us to communicate better? Investigating instructor credibility, students’ learning motivation, and performance
Authors: Sia Joseph Kee-Ming , Hii Ivy S. H. , Jong Ling , Low Wai Wah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted to investigate the role of emojis in interpretation, impression, perceptions, personality and relationship building. However, in the higher education sector, few studies have examined how emojis influence the learning motivation and performance of students. Using the theories of source credibility and stimulus organism response, a model was created to explain how the emojis used in text-based electronic-mediated communication (TEMC) impact instructor credibility, learning motivation, and learning performance. Data obtained from students (N = 348) indicates that the use of emojis in TEMC affects their perceptions of instructor credibility (expertise, trustworthiness, likability) and learning motivation. Furthermore, perceived instructor credibility was found to mediate the relationship between the use of emojis in TEMC and students’ learning motivation. Finally, the study also demonstrates that students’ learning motivation significantly enhances their learning performance. The research findings illustrate the importance of emoji use in TEMC between instructors and students in enhancing students’ learning motivation and performance at higher education institutions (HEIs). The findings have significance for instructors and HEIs who engage in TEMC with students. This paper also discusses the implications and limitations of the study, along with potential future research.
Technology adoption, innovation policy and catching-up.
Authors: Jiménez Juan R. Perilla , Ziesemer Thomas H. W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA model is proposed where economic growth is driven by innovation alongside the diffusion and adoption of technology from the frontier. Innovation investments are related to households savings, which generates multiple equilibria with low and high levels of innovation and productivity. Low-level equilibria are unstable. Starting from a position with low levels of investment and innovation, increasing investments are associated with high but decreasing dependence on international technology diffusion. A major objective of policy-making is to increase investment sufficiently in the lower end to reach the high-level steady state. An economic rationale is provided for the existence of productivity improving equilibria, where distance to the frontier is reduced based on a tax and subsidy mechanism designed to boost innovation and speed up catching-up.
High resolution dynamic ultrasound atlas of embryonic and fetal development of the common marmoset
Authors: Soman Rohan R. , Fabiszak Margaret M. , McPhee Michael , Schade Peter , Freiwald Winrich , Brivanlou Ali H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) provides an ideal model to study early development of primates, and an in vivo platform to validate conclusions from in vitro studies of human embryos and embryo models. Currently, however, no established staging atlas of marmoset embryonic development exists. Using high-resolution, longitudinal ultrasound scans on live pregnant marmosets, we present the first dynamic in vivo imaging of entire primate gestation beginning with attachment until the last day before birth.

Methods
Our study unveils the first dynamic images of an in vivo attached mammalian embryo developing in utero, and the intricacies of the delayed development period unique to the common marmoset amongst primates, revealing a window for somatic interventions.

Results
Established obstetric and embryologic measurements for each scan were used comparatively with the standardized Carnegie staging of human development to highlight similarities and differences. Our study also allows for tracking the development of major organs. We focus on the ontogeny of the primate heart and brain. Finally, input ultrasound images were used to train deep neural networks to accurately determine the gestational age. All our ultrasounds and staging data recording are posted online so that the atlas can be used as a community resource toward monitoring and managing marmoset breeding colonies.

Conclusion
The temporal and spatial resolution of ultrasound achieved in this study demonstrates the promise of noninvasive imaging in the marmoset for the in vivo study of primate-specific aspects of embryonic and fetal development.
What can be learned from using participatory landscape scenarios in Rio Doce State Park, Brazil?
Authors: Carvalho Ribeiro Sónia , Fereira Erika , Paula Luiz Gustavo , Rodrigues Ramon , Drumond Maria Auxiliadora , Purcino Henrique , Oliveira Brayan , Moreira Vinicios , Monteiro Adriana , Fonseca Braulio , Almeida Natália , O’Riordan Tim , Azevedo Úrsula , Conti Alfio , Barbosa Paulina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
The goal of this work is to describe and explain the conditions that trigger, enable or prevent the implementation of preferred land uses by local communities.

Objective
The questions this paper addresses are as follows: Is there a set of preferred scenarios for land use change? What triggers, enables and prevents the implementation of preferred land uses? What did we learn by using participatory landscape scenarios?

Methods
In order to answer the research questions, we synthesize knowledge from a long-term case study in the buffer zone of the Rio Doce State Park in Brazil by (1) Developing participatory landscape scenarios and spatially explicit models for exploring desirable futures and associated land uses, as seen by local communities; (2) Explaining the conditions that trigger, enable or prevent the implementation of preferred landscape scenarios; and (3) Synthesizing knowledge on research and practice for working towards preferred land use changes.

Results
Preferred scenarios for land use change are agroforestry, animal husbandry, tourism and conservation. Although there is biophysical potential and funding available through multiple social and environmental programs, the Rio Doce State Park’s institutional setting is confusing. Although preferred land use scenarios will likely be implemented, participatory landscape approaches require a new, strategic role and leadership by regional institutions. Universities need to bring in social theories and institutional analysis to educate a new generation of landscape stewards.

Conclusion
We highlight the role of more responsive social agents and their representative institutions, including the changing role of university-based research and practice for working towards sustainable landscape outcomes.
Multi-sensory learning framework for visually impaired learners: Use of 3D, haptic, audio, olfactory media
Authors: Chit Su Mon , Yap Kian Meng , Ahmad Azlina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVisually impaired (VI) people encounter difficulties in their regular activities including learning. Providing them equal opportunity is crucial, especially in virtual learning environment (VLE), as limited applications are available. A variety of technology-assisted and non-technology-assisted tools are available for the VI to assist in their daily activities. However, VI learners do not use virtual learning applications due to rich media involvement, which is unsuitable for them. Haptic or sense of touch is one of the technologies useful in VLE for VI learners. It can be used with audio sense and olfactory as additional senses to enhance the learning experience. This research aims to design a learning framework to develop a virtual learning environment for the VI learner. The study aims to design a framework to develop an application for the VI in a VLE, and validate the framework by conducting usability testing. The questionnaire for adult VI was adopted from the USE questionnaire, which tests the Usability, Satisfaction as well as Ease of Use, and Ease of Learning of the application. Questionnaire for children VI tested the application's effectiveness, operability, efficiency, and satisfaction. A total of 26 VI participated, and 21 of them are VI adults while 5 are VI children. Based on the usability with VI adults, average ratings are above 5 out of 7, and for the usability testing with VI children, average ratings are 3.7 and above out of 5. Hence, the rating obtained from usability tests were above average. The research was solely based on the Malaysian context and used only one haptic device. Thus, different haptic devices can be used to compare their effectiveness. The research can also be enhanced in other countries for learners with disabilities such as deaf, blind, and mute learners in learning calligraphy-based languages.