bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of angiography and ultrasound in the evaluation of the portal venous system in pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Garra Brian S. , Shawker Thomas H. , Doppman John L. , Sindelar William F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetailed images of upper abdominal vascular anatomy can now be obtained by experienced operators using modern real‐time ultrasound scanners. To help determine the role of real‐time ultrasound in preoperative evaluation of pancreatic carcinoma, ultrasound and angiographic results were compared in a series of 45 patients admitted with documented carcinoma of the pancreas. When surgical results were available, these were compared with the ultrasound and angiographic findings. The main tributaries of the portal system were evaluated with ultrasound and angiography for evidence of compression, displacement, or occlusion. A sensitivity of 90%and specificity of 95% were achieved for splenic vein abnormalities by ultrasound compared to angiography. For portal vein evaluation, sensitivity was 75%, and specificity was 100%, whereas for the superior mesenteric vein a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% were attained. Ultrasound can make angiography prior to laparotomy unnecessary in many cases if thorough evaluation of the portal venous system is emphasized during the initial ultrasound study.
Fitting growth curves to head and abdomen measurements of the fetus: A multicentric study
Authors: Todros Tullia , Ferrazzi Enrico , Nicolini Umberto , Groli Caterina , Zucca Sandro , Parodi Luigi , Pavoni Mario , Zorzoli Alessandro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree different mathematical models were fitted to ultrasonic measurements of the biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdomen circumference obtained from 1,426 healthy fetuses. The linear cubic function gives coefficients comparable with most previous studies, but it does not thoroughly explain fetal growth throughout pregnancy. Both the exponential–power function and the logistic–logarithmic function fit the raw data well and theoretically reflect the biological phenomena of human fetal growth. The characteristics of each model are discussed.
Failed first trimester pregnancy termination: Uterine anomaly as etiologic factor
Authors: Pennes David R. , Bowerman Richard A. , Silver Terry M. , Smith Steven J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFailure of first trimester pregnancy termination is an uncommon, although potentially serious complication of attempted therapeutic abortion. We report our experience in four patients with unsuspected congenital uterine anomalies in whom attempted pregnancy termination procedures failed to completely ablate the products of conception. When dilatation and curettage fails to produce embryonic tissue, sonography is indicated to exclude ectopic gestation or uterine anomaly. In patients who are known to have anomalous uteri, intraoperative real‐time guidance may increase the success of pregnancy termination procedures and decrease the incidence of retained products of conception.
Ultrasonic anatomy of hepatic veins
Authors: Cosgrove David O. , Arger Peter H. , Coleman Beverly G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhereas the portal veins and hepatic arteries supply the right and left lobes of the liver, the hepatic veins pass along the boundaries between the lobes and segments. Their positions can therefore be used to identify liver segments and allow a precise description of the position of focal lesions. In 104 subjects without liver pathology, the hepatic veins were demonstrated in 101 and followed the classical pattern in 87. Absent and accessory veins were encountered.
Fetal head and abdominal circumferences: Effect of profile shape on the accuracy of ellipse equations
Authors: Shields James R. , Medearis Arnold L. , Bear Moraye B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImages of 122 fetal heads and abdomens were obtained with ultrasound for the determination of head and abdominal circumferences. The profile shapes were characterized by the cephalic or abdominal index (D1/D2 × 100), D1 and D2 being the shortest and longest diameters of either the head or abdomen. The mean of the cephalic index was 79.1% ± 5.2%, and that of the abdominal index was 89.1% ± 7.0%. All equations were equally accurate in calculating head and abdominal circumferences regardless of the profile shape. Therefore, the simplest equation, (D1 + D2) × 1.57, should be utilized when calculating circumferences except in situations of extreme dolichocephaly.
Longitudinal studies of femur growth in normal fetuses
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Rossavik Ivar K. , Cortissoz Catherine , Hill Reba M. , Hadlocks Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs an indicator of fetal limb growth, change in the femur diaphysis length (FDL) between 15 and 38 weeks, menstrual age, has been evaluated in a longitudinal study of 20 normal fetuses, as determined by prenatal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference growth patterns as well as postnatal pediatric assessment. Individual FDL growth curves were uniformly parabolic and followed very similar trajectories. The projected start points mean: 9.7 (± 1.5 SD) weeks for these curves were in complete agreement with embryologic data, and the curves themselves were well characterized by the Rossavik model [R2 99.5 (± 0.5 SD)%]. No differences between males and females were detected, and good agreement was obtained between the average longitudinal growth curve and the cross‐sectional growth curve derived from a previously studied data set.1 Individual growth curve standards, determined from Rossavik models based on data obtained before 26.1 weeks, menstrual age, were within 7% of actual measurements in 94% of the 97 time points studied after 26 weeks. These results indicate that the Rossavik model and its associated individual growth curve standards can be used to evaluate the growth of the femur and thus provide an improved means for detecting skeletal dysplasias and fetal growth retardation.
Evaluation of the usefulness of dimethicone and/or senna extract in improving the visualization of abdominal organs
Authors: Heldwein W. , Sommerlatte Th. , Lehnert P. , Littig G. , Müller‐Lissner S. , Hasford J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntestinal gas is the most common cause of technically unsatisfactory abdominal ultrasound scans. In the attempt to increase the visualization of abdominal organs, many investigators use antifoaming agents or laxatives. In the present, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial, a liquid dimethicone preparation and an extract of senna, alone and in combination, were tested as a means to improve scan quality. Response variables were defined on the basis of pancreas, aorta, and kidney visibility. There was no difference in the response variables of the three groups compared to placebo (P>0.3–0.55). The results suggest that neither dimethicone nor senna improves the visibility of abdominal organs in ultrasound examination.
Ultrasound confirmation of endotracheal tube placement
Authors: Raphael David T. , Conard Frederick U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReal‐time B‐mode ultrasound imaging was performed in 24 intubated patients in order to confirm the correct placement of endotracheal tubes. The large acoustic impedance mismatch between the air within the endotracheal tube cuff and the tracheal wall could be bypassed by (1) use of a foam‐cuffed Bivona endotracheal tube, or by (2) cuff inflation with saline instead of air. Optimal repositioning of the endotracheal tube could be done under direct visualization. Imaging of the foam‐filled and saline‐filled cuffs was easier in the longitudinal (sagittal) than in the transverse view, was enhanced by a slight longitudinal to‐and‐fro motion of the tube, and was often improved with the use of a stand‐off pad. Cases of esophageal intubation were not considered. Use of a noninvasive imaging modality such as ultrasound will spare selected patients from the radiation exposure associated with a chest x‐ray. This is of value in pregnant patients and in those requiring frequent chest radiographs for the sole purpose of confirming correct endotracheal tube placement. Limitations of the techniques are discussed.
The physical principles of Doppler and spectral analysis
Authors: Burns Peter N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Doppler effect provides an ultrasonic method for the detection of echoes from moving structures, particularly flowing blood. In its most simple form, the continuous wave Doppler offers velocity information without depth resolution and is therefore used mainly for the examination of superficial structures. The pulsed Doppler, in combination with real‐time imaging, provides a more flexible tool for the interrogation of selected sites in an ultrasound image for motion and flow. The recent development of Doppler flow imaging, in which limited Doppler information is displayed over an entire ultrasound image, usually in color and in real‐time, promises to secure the association between Doppler and conventional ultrasound imaging techniques.Spectral analysis permits features of the Doppler signal to be identified which are associated with hemodynamic phenomena, such as flow disturbance and wave reflection. In addition, it allows the quantitative application of Doppler to the estimation of such physiological variables as velocity, flow rate, and pressure difference.
Carotid artery duplex scanning
Authors: Taylor David C. , Strandness D. Eugene 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuplex scanning of the carotid arteries combines B‐mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound within a single instrument, thus providing both anatomical imaging of the vessel and flow velocity information. Combining these two unique aspects of ultrasound overcomes many of the individual limitations of each and provides improved noninvasive diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. The Doppler signal is analyzed using fast Fourier transform methods and displayed as a spectral waveform. Assessment of the presence and severity of vascular disease is based primarily on Doppler information and the B‐mode image of the vessel serves mainly as a road map to guide the placement of the pulsed Doppler sample volume.The parameters used to classify severity of disease include peak systolic frequency, degree of spectral broadening, end diastolic velocity, and overall shape of the waveform. Using these features, stenosis at the carotid bifurcation is classified into six categories: (A) none, (B) 1%‐15% diameter reduction, (C) 16%‐49% diameter reduction, (D) 50%‐79% diameter reduction, (D +) 80%‐99% diameter reduction, and (E) complete occlusion. These methods have a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 84% when compared with angiography.The clinical applications of carotid artery duplex scanning are discussed with particular reference to (1) patients with cerebrovascular symptoms, (2) asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease, (3) follow‐up of carotid endarterectomy, and (4) cerebrovascular research. Patterns of use of duplex scanning in current practice and potential future applications are discussed.
Sonographic findings in traumatic hemobilia: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sax Steven L. , Athey Patricia A. , Lamki Neela , Cadavid Gilberto A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHemobilia consists of an arteriobiliary fistula, usually due to central liver rupture with bleeding into the biliary tree. It is due to trauma in over 50% of cases, with an increasing incidence of iatrogenically caused hemobilia. The sonographic findings in two cases of traumatic hemobilia are presented and the literature is reviewed. These findings include clot within the gallbladder and the extrahepatic ducts, liver hematoma, and aneurysm of the hepatic artery.
A new method of measuring in vivo sound speed in the reflection mode
Authors: Hayashi Nobushige , Tamaki Nagara , Senda Michio , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Yonekura Yoshiharu , Torizuka Kanji , Ogawa Toshio , Katakura Kageyoshi , Umemura Chinichiro , Kodama Mashio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a new method for in vivo sound measurement in the reflection mode. The mean sound speed between the reflector and linear array transducer is measured using the following three parameters: time of flight, time of flight difference, and distance between two receiver elements. To detect time of flight, the system delay‐line time compensator is adjusted to obtain the sharpest reflector image.This method was evaluated in vivo in human livers, specifically 26 normal, 27 cirrhotic, and 15 fatty livers. The mean sound speed between diaphragm and the transducer was obtained. The measured sound speed was significantly higher in cirrhotic livers and lower in fatty livers.
Ultrasound of hemobilia: A clinical and experimental study
Authors: Laffey Patricia A. , Brandon J. Campbell , Teplick Steven K. , Haskin Pamela H. , Pavlides Constantinos A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical observations on patients with hemobilia secondary to percutaneous biliary procedures and laboratory studies on animals with experimentally induced hemobilia indicate that the presence of fresh blood or clot within the biliary tree may yield an erroneous impression of duct size in ultrasound examinations. Recognition of this potential source of error becomes increasingly important as the use of percutaneous procedures for the relief of biliary obstruction increases.
Development of individual growth curve standards for estimated fetal weight: I. Weight estimation procedure
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Rossavik Ivar K. , Harrist Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this investigation the weight estimation procedure of Rossavik was reassessed with particular emphasis on parameter estimation and performance over a wide weight range. Using a cross‐sectional data set (193 patients), a longitudinal data set (20 patients), and an iterative procedure, parameter estimates were obtained based solely on regression analysis. Comparison of weight estimates obtained using a function based on these parameter values with actual birth weights indicated virtually no systematic errors over a 250‐g to 4750‐g weight range and random errors (±1 SD) of 10% to 13% below 200 g and 6% to 8% above 2000 g. The weights of small‐ and large‐for‐gestational age fetuses were systematicly overestimated (4.1%) and underestimated (−3.0%), respectively, but systematic errors were not found in average‐for‐gestational age fetuses. No differences in random errors were seen in these three growth categories. Comparison with other weight estimation procedures indicated that the Rossavik procedure gives weight estimates that are at least as accurate as those obtained with other methods over a wide range of weight and growth categories. However, the Rossavik procedure can be used to generate individual growth curve standards for weight estimates, a characteristic not shared with other weight estimation procedures.
Ultrasonic measurement of fetal blood velocity wave form as a secondary diagnostic test in screening for intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Maršál Karel , Persson Per‐Håkan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on routine fetometry screening at 32 weeks of gestation, 80 out of 3226 singleton pregnancies were suspected of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and 72 of them were subjected to repeated fetal blood flow measurements by Doppler ultrasound for evaluation of the fetal condition. The maximum blood velocity wave form recorded from the fetal descending aorta and umbilical artery was classified as normal or abnormal depending on the presence or absence of positive end‐diastolic blood flow. Compared to the pregnancies with normal fetal blood flow, the group of 30 pregnancies with abnormal blood flow patterns had significantly more pregnancy complications and more operative deliveries for fetal distress. In the latter group, all newborns but one were small‐for‐gestational age and had low 1‐min Apgar scores more frequently. Fetal blood flow measurements have a good capacity for predicting unfavorable fetal outcomes and can be recommended for clinical use. The combination of ultrasound screening and Doppler blood flow measurement has reduced the number of pregnancies requiring intensive surveillance.
Predictiveness of sonographic fetal weight estimation as a function of prior probability of intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Levisky John S. , Shearer David M. , Morris Kathleen C. , Hansberry Patricia A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the predictiveness of sonographically estimated fetal weight as a function of the estimation of probability of having intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) before obtaining an ultrasound scan (prior probability). The value of the estimated fetal weight resided more in its high specificity than in its sensitivity, hence in its ability to confirm that the fetus is normal. The predictiveness of the method was further enhanced when the fetal weight estimation was placed in the context of the prior probability of IUGR. In particular, the positive predictive value of the test as well as the likelihood of having a growth‐retarded infant in spite of an estimated fetal weight within the normal range were considerably higher as the prior probability of IUGR increased. Since the obstetrician using all available evidence is likely to form a rather good estimate of the possibility of IUGR before ordering a scan, this improvement in the predictiveness of estimated fetal weight through a Bayesian approach can be advantageously applied to ultrasound analysis and can effectively support clinical decision making.
Fetal teratomas: Antenatal diagnosis and clinical management
Authors: Teal Linda N. , Angtuaco Teresita L. , Jimenez Jorge F. , Quirk J. Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour cases of fetal teratomas arising from the sacrococcygeal and oropharyngeal areas are reported. The diagnosis, method of management, and grade of tumor are compared with previous experience in the literature. Pharyngeal lesions carry a worse prognosis for survival compared to the more common sacrococcygeal type (SCT). Atraumatic delivery and early repair of the lesion contribute to prolonged survival and lack of complications in cases of sacrococcygeal teratomas.
Ultrasonography in the detection of cervical incompetency
Authors: Podobnik Mario , Bulié Milan , Smiljanicé Nikola , Bistrički Josip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 80 pregnancies with clinical and ultrasonic signs of cervical incompetency, the length of the cervix and the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment have been evaluated ultrasonically. We have also measured the width of the endocervical canal and studied the prolapse of fetal membranes (with fetal parts) into the endocervical canal. We evaluated these same parameters in 80 healthy pregnancies. The length of the cervix, the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment, and the width of the endocervical canal were followed longitudinally in the patients from the 10th to the 36th gestation week. No statistically significant differences between age groups were found. In four age groups at risk for cervical incompetency, cervical lengths and wall thickness were significantly different (p < 0.001) from those in comparable controls. Forty‐five percent of the patients in the atrisk group, with cervical cerclage, delivered at 37.3 (range: 32 to 41) weeks and 6.25% of pregnancies ended in abortion when the amniotic membrane herniated into the cervical canal, with or without some part of the fetus.
Detection of open spina bifida by the lemon sign: Pathologic correlation
Authors: Gabbe Steven G , Mintz Marshall C , Mennuti Michael T , McDonnell Rn Ann E 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the association of medial displacement of the frontal bones of the fetal calvarium, the lemon sign, with open spina bifida (OSB) and to assess other pathologic findings associated with this change. During the past 8 years, 8 cases of OSB were seen in our institution. The lemon sign was retrospectively identified in 6/6 cases of OSB scanned before 22 weeks gestation, while it was not seen in 3/3 cases examined after 26 weeks. One case was evaluated with serial studies before and after 22 weeks. Scalloping of the frontal bones was associated with a wide variety of pathological findings. This sign may prove to be an important marker for OSB.
The utility of image‐directed Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of the “parallel channel” sign
Authors: Levy Howard M , Dobkin Gary R , Doubilet Peter M 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound has been shown to be an excellent modality in the evaluation of the jaundiced patient, proving extremely valuable in differentiating surgical (obstructive) from medical jaundice based on the presence or absence of ductal dilatation.1 The sonographic finding of intrahepatic dilatation has been termed the “double barrel,”2 “shotgun,”3, or “parallel channel”4 sign. This refers to visualization of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts with the normally visualized portal venous radicles. Subsequent to its initial description, this sign has also been observed in patients with increased hepatic arterial flow.5,6 In these patients, one of the components of the parallel channel sign represents the prominent intrahepatic artery. In the following case report, we demonstrate the use of pulsed Doppler to help make this distinction.
Ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal spinal epidural hemorrhage
Authors: Leadman M , Seigel S , Hollenberg R , Caco C 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the advent of the 5–7‐mHz transducer, ultrasound has been found to be very useful in evaluating abnormalities in the newborn spine, including tethered cord, meningomyelocele, spinal lipoma, and other forms of dysraphism.1 This is because of the ability of the ultrasound beam to penetrate mostly cartilaginous spine and its contents until six months of age. To our knowledge, ultrasound used to assess spinal cord trauma following birth has been mentioned as one case in a series2 and cited as useful in another.3 We present a case in which ultrasound was instrumental in evaluating spinal pathology and determining appropriate surgery.
Cerebral blood flow velocity waveforms in hydrocephalic fetuses
Authors: Kirkinen P. , Muller R. , Baumann H. , Briner J. , Lang W. , Huch R. , Huch A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed Doppler recordings of intracranial arterial velocity waveforms were made in 9 hydrocephalic fetuses during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Normal, increased, and decreased velocity waveform indices could be measured in these cases, and 1 fetus presented retrograde diastolic flow. Cerebral blood flow patterns of hydrocephalic fetuses seem to differ individually from case to case, presenting no uniform waveform type in late pregnancy. There was no obvious correlation between ventricular dilatation and the type of the velocity waveform.
Congenital cerebrospinal fluid‐containing intracranial abnormalities: A sonographic classification
Authors: McGahan John P , Ellis William , Lindfors Karen K , Lee Benjamin C. P , Arnold Jerry P 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound is useful as a primary modality for diagnosis of complex nonhydrocephalic intracranial malformations. We present 10 cases of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid containing abnormalities that may be diagnosed by ultrasound. Congenital abnormalities presented include holoprosencephaly, hydranencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cyst, porencephaly, schizencephaly, and arachnoid cyst. Ultrasound may be used in the fetus or neonate in detecting and separating these abnormalities from hydrocephalus.