bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent for treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs and cats: six cases (2005–2007)
Authors: Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick , Todd Kimberly , Rondeau Mark P. , Reiter Alexander M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome associated with use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent for treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs and cats.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—3 dogs and 3 cats.
Procedures—All 6 animals had severe inspiratory stertor at initial examination. Two animals had no orifice present at the stenosis. Nasopharyngeal stenosis was diagnosed and stent size determined by use of computed tomography. A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon premounted with a balloon-expandable metallic stent was placed over a guidewire, advanced through the stenotic lesion under fluoroscopic and rhinoscopic guidance, and dilated to restore patency.
Results—All animals had immediate resolution of clinical signs after stent placement. The procedure took a median of 38 minutes (range, 22 to 70 minutes). One animal with a stenosis located far caudally needed the tip of the stent resected because of hairball entrapment and exaggerated swallowing. Both animals without an orifice in the stenosis had tissue in-growth requiring a covered stent. All animals were reexamined 6 to 12 weeks after treatment via rhinoscopy, radiography, computed tomography, or a combination of techniques. All animals lacked signs of discomfort; 5 of 6 were breathing normally 12 to 28 months after the procedure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transnasal balloon-expandable metallic stent placement may represent a rapid, safe, noninvasive, and effective treatment in animals with nasopharyngeal stenosis. If the stenosis is extremely caudal in the nasopharynx, serial balloon dilatation might be considered prior to stent placement. A covered stent should be considered initially if the stenosis is completely closed.
Use of a nitinol gooseneck snare catheter for removal of adult Dirofilaria immitis in two cats
Authors: Small Merrilee T. , Atkins Clarke E. , Gordon Sonya G. , Birkenheuer Adam J. , Booth-Sayer Margaret A. , Keene Bruce W. , Fujii Yoko , Miller Matthew W. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Case Description—2 cats were examined because of congestive heart failure secondary to heartworm infection.
Clinical Findings—One cat had severe abdominal distention and the other had dyspnea secondary to chylothorax. Both had loud right-sided heart murmurs, precordial thrills, and jugular distension. Thoracic radiography revealed cardiomegaly and enlarged caudal pulmonary arteries. Echocardiography revealed tricuspid regurgitation and multiple hyperechoic structures consistent with adult Dirofilaria immitis within the right atrium, right ventricle, and main pulmonary artery. Pulmonary hypertension was documented by means of Doppler echocardiography in 1 cat.
Treatment and Outcome—Cats were anesthetized, and a nitinol gooseneck snare catheter was introduced into the right side of the heart via a jugular venotomy. In the first cat, the snare was used to retrieve 5 female and 2 male adult D immitis. The catheter was then passed into the main pulmonary artery in an unsuccessful attempt to retrieve remaining heartworms. In the second cat, 2 adult female D immitis were removed from the right atrium with the nitinol snare. In both cats, clinical signs resolved within 4 weeks after the procedure.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that use of a nitinol gooseneck snare catheter may be a safe and effective technique for removing adult D immitis from the right atrium and ventricle in cats and that successful removal of adult heartworms in infected cats may resolve clinical signs of right-sided congestive heart failure and chylothorax. In addition, findings in 1 cat suggested that removal of all adult heartworms may not be necessary for clinical signs to resolve.
Deductive systems of a cone algebra — I: Semi-ℓg-cones
Authors: Subrahmanyam N. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A semi-ℓg-cone is an algebra (C;*,:,·) of type (2, 2, 2) satisfying the equations (a*a)*b = b = b: (a: a); a*(b: c) = (a*b): c; a: (b*a) = (b: a)*b and (ab) *c = b* (a * c). An ℓ-group cone is a semi-ℓg-cone and a bounded semi-ℓg-cone is term equivalent to a pseudo MV-algebra. Also, a subset A of a semi-_g-cone C is an ideal of C if and only if it is a deductive system of its reduct (C;*,:).
Deductive systems of a cone algebra — II: Isomorphism theorem
Authors: Subrahmanyam N. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We prove that there is an isomorphism φ of the lattice of deductive systems of a cone algebra onto the lattice of convex ℓ-subgroups of a lattice ordered group (determined by the cone algebra) such that for any deductive system A of the cone algebra, A is respectively a prime, normal or polar if and only if φ(A) is a prime convex ℓ-subgroup, ℓ-ideal or polar subgroup of the ℓ-group, thus generalizing and extending the result of Rachůnek that the lattice of ideals of a pseudo MV-algebra is isomorphic to the lattice of convex ℓ-subgroups of a unital lattice ordered group.
The theory and application of latin bitrades: A survey
Authors: Cavenagh Nicholas 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A latin bitrade is a pair of partial latin squares which are disjoint, occupy the same set of non-empty cells, and whose corresponding rows and columns contain the same sets of symbols. This survey paper summarizes the theory of latin bitrades, detailing their applications to critical sets, random latin squares and existence constructions for latin squares.
Radical classes and weak radical mappings of GMV-algebras
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We use the concept of generalized MV-algebra (GMV-algebra, in short) in the sense of Galatos and Tsinakis; the main tool in their investigation was a truncation construction. The relations between radical classes of GMV-algebras and radical classes of lattice ordered groups are investigated in the present paper. Further, we apply the truncation construction for dealing with weak retract mappings of GMV-algebras.
Sequential convergences on cyclically ordered groups without Urysohn’s axiom
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In this paper we investigate sequential convergences on a cyclically ordered group G which are compatible with the group operation and with the relation of cyclic order; we do not assume the validity of the Urysohn’s axiom. The system convG of convergences under consideration is partially ordered by means of the set-theoretical inclusion. We prove that convG is a Brouwerian lattice.
Entrée dans l’écrit en contexte plurilingue et défavorisé : développer les capacités métaphonologiques et sensibiliser à la diversité linguistique
Authors: Armand Françoise , Sirois François , Ababou Samira 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:This article presents the results of research conducted in multilingual and underprivileged schools in Montreal. The goals of the first study were to observe the effects of participation in activities involving metaphonological capacities and the development of these capacities, as well as pre-reading abilities in French as a second language, among 107 students of immigrant origin in seven kindergarten classes (age five). A further analysis was conducted in order to determine whether there were differences in the results according to the type of intervention (with or without language awareness) and according to the type of class (regular or welcoming class). The second study involved the participation of a smaller number of students, specifically those attending the three welcoming classes in the school. In particular, it aimed to observe the effects of activities promoting language awareness on the students’ representations of the status of their first language (L1) in relation to that of the French language (L2) at their school and, in general, how they viewed linguistic diversity.
Of Mother Tongues and Other Tongues: The Stakes of Linguistically Inclusive Pedagogy in Minority Contexts
Authors: Taylor Lisa K. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:This article addresses two key challenges that globalization poses to literacy research: the need for new models of literacy and literacy education, and the stakes of adopting multiliteracies pedagogies in different contexts – that is, the tensions between competing hegemonic discourses of collective identity in the public sphere of ethnolinguistic minority societies that are sparked when globalization destabilizes monocultural institutional practices. I explore the stakes of multiliteracies practice within Québec, an increasingly poly-ethnic white settler society and proto-nation whose minority ethnonational project has been launched on the very terrain of federal multiculturalism within a bilingual framework and provincial interculturalism within a monolingual framework. The article reports on a qualitative study of teacher discourse following collaborative multiliteracies curriculum development in an ethnolinguistically diverse English-language Montréal elementary school. It focuses on the shifting conceptions of multilingual and academic literacies articulated as teachers bring the ‘lens of the personal’ to negotiate competing values and identities implicit in their emerging practice.
Prevalence of cervical spinal injury in trauma
Authors: Milby Andrew H. , Halpern Casey H. , Guo Wensheng , Stein Sherman C. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Diagnosis of cervical spinal injury (CSI) is an essential aspect of the trauma evaluation. This task is especially difficult in patients who are not clinically able to be evaluated (unevaluable) because of distracting painful injuries, intoxication, or concomitant head injury. For this population, the appropriate use of advanced imaging techniques for cervical spinal clearance remains undetermined. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of unstable CSI, particularly among patients in whom clinical evaluation is impossible or unreliable.

Methods
Estimates of the prevalence of CSI in populations consisting of all trauma patients, alert patients only, and clinically unevaluable patients only were determined by variance-weighted pooling of data from 65 publications (281,864 patients) that met criteria for review.

Results
The overall prevalence of CSI among all trauma patients was 3.7%. The prevalence of CSI in alert patients was 2.8%, whereas unevaluable patients were at increased risk of CSI with a prevalence of 7.7% (p = 0.007). Overall, 41.9% of all CSI cases were considered to exhibit instability.

Conclusions
Trauma patients who are clinically unevaluable have a higher prevalence of CSI than alert patients. Knowledge of the prevalence and risk of such injuries may help establish an evidence-based approach to the detection and management of clinically occult CSI.
Electrophysiological outcomes after spinal cord injury
Authors: Xie James , Boakye Maxwell 
Published: November 2008

Electrophysiological measures can provide information that complements clinical assessments such as the American Spinal Injury Association sensory and motor scores in the evaluation of outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors review and summarize the literature regarding tests that are most relevant to the study of SCI recovery—in particular, motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). In addition, they discuss the role of other tests, including F-wave nerve conductance tests and electromyography, sympathetic skin response, and the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) test as well as the promise of dermatomal SSEPs and the electrical perceptual threshold test, newer quantitative tests of sensory function.
It has been shown that motor evoked potential amplitudes improve with SCI recovery but latencies do not. Somatosensory evoked potentials are predictive of ambulatory capacity and hand function. Hoffman reflexes are present during spinal shock despite the loss of tendon reflexes, but their amplitudes increase with time after injury. Further, H-reflex modulation is reflective of changes in spinal excitability. While these tests have produced data that is congruent with clinical evaluations, they have yet to surpass clinical evaluations in predicting outcomes. Continuing research using these methodologies should yield a better understanding of the mechanisms behind SCI recovery and thus provide potentially greater predictive and evaluative power.
The effects of intrathecal hypotension on tissue perfusion and pathophysiological outcome after acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Horn Eric M. , Theodore Nicholas , Assina Rachid , Spetzler Robert F. , Sonntag Volker K. H. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Venous stasis and intrathecal hypertension are believed to play a significant role in the hypoperfusion present in the spinal cord following injury. Lowering the intrathecal pressure via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage has been effective in treating spinal cord ischemia during aorta surgery. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether CSF drainage increases spinal cord perfusion and improves outcome after spinal injury in an animal model.

Methods
Anesthetized adult rabbits were subjected to a severe contusion spinal cord injury (SCI). Cerebrospinal fluid was then drained via a catheter to lower the intrathecal pressure by 10 mm Hg. Tissue perfusion was assessed at the site of injury, and values obtained before and after CSF drainage were compared. Two other cohorts of animals were subjected to SCI: 1 group subsequently underwent CSF drainage and the other did not. Results of histological analysis, motor evoked potential and motor function testing were compared between the 2 cohorts at 4 weeks postinjury.

Results
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage led to no significant improvement in spinal cord tissue perfusion. Four weeks after injury, the animals that underwent CSF drainage demonstrated significantly smaller areas of tissue damage at the injury site. There were no differences in motor evoked potentials or motor score outcomes at 4 weeks postinjury.

Conclusions
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage effectively lowers intrathecal pressure and decreases the amount of tissue damage in an animal model of spinal cord injury. Further studies are needed to determine whether different draining regimens can improve motor or electrophysiological outcomes.
Duration of lipid peroxidation after acute spinal cord injury in rats and the effect of methylprednisolone
Authors: Christie Sean D. , Comeau Ben , Myers Tanya , Sadi Damaso , Purdy Mark , Mendez Ivar 
Published: November 2008

Object
Oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation is a major cause of secondary injury following spinal cord injury (SCI). The objectives of this study were to determine the duration of lipid peroxidation following acute SCI and the efficacy of short-and long-term administration of methylprednisolone on decreasing lipid peroxidation.

Methods
A total of 226 female Wistar rats underwent clip-compression induced SCI. In the first part of the study, spinal cords of untreated rats were assayed colorimetrically for malondialdehyde (MDA) to determine lipid peroxidation levels at various time points between 0 and 10 days. In the second part of the study, animals were treated with methylprednisolone for either 24 hours or 7 days. Control animals received equal volumes of normal saline. Treated and control rats were killed at various time points between 0 and 7 days.

Results
The MDA levels initially peaked 4 hours postinjury. By 12 hours, the MDA levels returned to baseline. A second increase was observed from 24 hours to 5 days. Both peak values differed statistically from the trough values (p < 0.008). The methylprednisolone reduced MDA levels (p < 0.04) within 12 hours of injury. No effect was seen at 24 hours or later.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that oxidative stress persists for 5 days following SCI in rats, and although methylprednisolone reduces MDA levels within the first 12 hours, it has no effect on the second lipid peroxidation peak.
Subaxial cervical spine trauma classification: the Subaxial Injury Classification system and case examples
Authors: Patel Alpesh A. , Dailey Andrew , Brodke Darrel S. , Daubs Michael , Anderson Paul A. , Hurlbert R. John , Vacccaro Alexander R. , _ _ 
Published: November 2008

Object
The authors review a novel subaxial cervical trauma classification system and demonstrate its application through a series of cervical trauma cases.

Methods
The Spine Trauma Study Group collaborated to create the Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC) and Severity score. The SLIC system is reviewed and is applied to 3 cases of subaxial cervical trauma.

Results
The SLIC system identifies 3 major injury characteristics to describe subaxial cervical injuries: injury morphology, discoligamentous complex integrity, and neurological status. Minor injury characteristics include injury level and osseous fractures. Each major characteristic is assigned a numerical score based upon injury severity. The sum of these scores constitutes the injury severity score.

Conclusions
By addressing both discoligamentous integrity and neurological status, the SLIC system may overcome major limitations of earlier classification systems. The system incorporates a number of critical clinical variables—including neurological status, absent in earlier systems—and is simple to apply and may provide both diagnostic and prognostic information.
Effect of a nonprotein bioactive agent on the reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor–α in human intervertebral disc cells in vitro
Authors: Yoshida Tatsuhiro , Park Jin Soo , Yokosuka Kimiaki , Jimbo Kotaro , Yamada Kei , Sato Kimiaki , Nagata Kensei 
Published: November 2008

ObjectNeurotropin is a nonprotein extract from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus. In the present study the authors sought to clarify the focal antiinflammatory effects of Neurotropin in intervertebral disc cells, and these effects were compared with those induced by the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)–2 inhibitor 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (nabumetone).MethodsSix human intervertebral disc specimens were harvested during spinal surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Cells were stimulated with 500 pg/ml of interleukin (IL)–1β in the presence of various concentrations of Neurotropin (0, 10−5, 10−4, and 10−3Neurotropin Units/ml) or 50 μg/ml of nabumetone for 3 hours. The mRNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR was used to quantify the mRNA levels of COX- 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α, and phospholipase A2. Cyclooxygenase-2, TNFα, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protein concentrations were each determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsNeurotropin was found to significantly suppress the expression of COX-2 and TNFα at mRNA levels as well as the concentration of COX-2 at protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Nabumetone was found to significantly increase COX-2 at mRNA levels but directly suppress the concentration of PGE2 in culture medium.ConclusionsResults in this study suggest that Neurotropin has an analgesic effect through the suppression of COX-2 and TNFα in a focal area, and nabumetone shows this same effect through the suppression of PGE2 production. Thus, Neurotropin could decrease pain by blocking the central pain pathway or increasing focal antiinflammatory effects.
Anterior cervical fusion: a biomechanical comparison of 4 techniques
Authors: Galbusera Fabio , Bellini Chiara M. , Costa Francesco , Assietti Roberto , Fornari Maurizio 
Published: November 2008

Object
Cervical instrumented fusion is currently performed using several fixation methods. In the present paper, the authors compare the following 4 implantation methods: a stand-alone cage, a cage supplemented by an anterior locking plate, a cage supplemented by an anterior dynamic plate, and a dynamic combined plate–cage device.

Methods
Four finite element models of the C4–7 segments were built, each including a different instrumented fixation type at the C5–6 level. A compressive preload of 100 N combined with a pure moment of 2.5 Nm in flexion, extension, right lateral bending, and right axial rotation was applied to the 4 models. The segmental principal ranges of motion and the load shared by the interbody cage were obtained for each simulation.

Results
The stand-alone cage showed the lowest stabilization capability among the 4 configurations investigated, but it was still significant. The cage supplemented by the locking plate was very stiff in all directions. The 2 dynamic plate configurations reduced flexibility in all directions compared with the intact case, but they left significant mobility in the implanted segment. These configurations were able to share a significant part of the load (up to 40% for the combined plate–cage) through the posterior cage. The highest risk of subsidence was obtained with the model of the stand-alone cage.

Conclusions
Noticeable differences in the results were detected for the 4 configurations. The actual clinical relevance of these differences, currently considered not of critical importance, should be investigated by randomized clinical trials.
Clinical accuracy of 3D fluoroscopy–assisted cervical pedicle screw insertion
Authors: Ito Yasuo , Sugimoto Yoshihisa , Tomioka Masao , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Nakago Kie , Yagata Yukihisa 
Published: November 2008

Object
Cervical pedicle screw (PS) misplacement leads to injury of the spinal cord, nerve root, and vertebral artery. Recently, several investigators reported on the usefulness of a spinal navigation system that improves the accuracy of PS insertion. In this study, the authors assessed the accuracy of cervical pedicle, lateral mass, and odontoid screw insertions placed using a 3D fluoroscopy navigation system, the Iso-C3D unit.

Methods
In this prospective analysis of the authors' initial 50 cases of 3D fluoroscopy–assisted cervical screw insertion, the authors inserted 176 PSs, 58 lateral mass screws, and 5 odontoid screws into the C1–7 vertebrae. They placed screws using intraoperative acquisition of data by the isocentric C-arm fluoroscope and a computer navigation system. They obtained postoperative fine-cut CT scans in all patients and assessed the accuracy of screw insertion.

Results
A PS (≥ 3.5 mm) could be inserted into 24 (63%) of 38 pedicles at the level of C-3, 18 (53%) of 34 pedicles at C-4, 30 (65%) of 46 at C-5, 33 (80%) of 41 at C-6, and 43 (100%) of 43 at C-7. Of 176 PSs inserted into vertebrae between C-2 and C-7, 171 screws (97.2%) were classified as Grade 1 (no pedicle perforation), and 5 screws (2.8%) were classified as Grade 2 (screw perforation of the cortex by up to 2 mm). Clinically significant screw deviation in the present study was considered Grade 3 (screw perforation of the cortex by > 2 mm), and this occurred in 0% of the placements.

Conclusions
In this study, the authors were able to correctly insert cervical PSs using the 3D fluoroscopy and navigation system.