bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) causing an abscess of the rectus sheath in an infant
Authors: Griffiths Richard W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient is described with an abscess of the rectus sheath associated with the clinical features and operative findings of toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans).
Few cases of this condition are ever submitted to laparotomy, and the complication of rectus sheath abscess has not previously been reported. A brief review of the literature is given in order to outline the salient features of the condition.
Thrombosis of the subclavian-axillary artery following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Mavor G E , Kasenally A T , Harper D R , Woodruff P W H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of subclavian-axillary-brachial artery occlusion following irradiation damage are reported. Both followed radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast at intervals of 11 and 26 years respectively.
The surgical treatment of occult insulinomas: A review of the problem
Authors: Stefanini Paride , Carboni Manlio , Patrassi Neri , Basoli Antonio 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The data from a previously reported large series (1067 cases) of insulin tumours of the pancreas have allowed study of the problem of management of so-called ‚occult’︁ tumours. Of the occult tumours in the whole series, 54 per cent were situated in the head of the pancreas, as opposed to 26.5 per cent similarly located at the initial operation.
Analysis of the records of 542 single benign beta-cell adenomas showed no correlation between the size of the tumour and the duration of symptoms. There were 168 cases of single benign tumours which could not be located at the first operation, but which were cured at a subsequent operation. In 65 per cent of these cases the tumour could not be located at the subsequent operation and was only found after blind resection.
These results indicate that the growth of these tumours is not regular and constant. They lend no support to the suggestion that if an insulin tumour cannot be located blind resection should be avoided in the hope that after 1–2 years, during which symptoms can be controlled by diazoxide, the tumour is likely to he located at a second operation. It is concluded that if the tumour cannot be located the treatment likely to give the best results is progressive blind pancreatic resection from left to right, with careful examination of the excised specimen and frequent estimation of the blood sugar concentration.
Survival after primary and after staged resection for large bowel obstruction caused by cancer
Authors: Fielding L P , Wells B W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Of 388 patients with carcinoma of the large bowel, 90 presented with obstruction, In this group 50 patients (56 per cent) were treated by a curative resection, 22 by primary resection and 28 by staged resection. The prognosis was considerably better after primary resection than after staged resection. Crude 5-year survival figures are 50 and 25 per cent respectively. It is concluded that a prospective trial of immediate resection in the management of obstructing large bowel cancer seems justified.
The effect of blood on disinfection of surgeons' hands
Authors: Lowbury E J L , Lilly H A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect on skin flora of spreading 2 ml of blood over the hands after a 2-minute disinfectant handwash and then wearing rubber gloves for an hour was assessed by a trial in which 6 volunteers used each of six preparations, once with blood and once, as a control experiment, with water on their hands. Bacterial counts of handwashings and of glove washings showed significant interference by blood with the effectiveness of povidone iodine detergent solution (Disadine). With a 3 per cent hexachlorophane detergent cream (Disfex) significant interference by blood was shown in bacterial counts of glove washings and a nearly significant interference was shown in counts of handwashings. There was no evidence of any interference by blood with the effectiveness of a 4 per cent chlorhexidine detergent solution (Hibiscrub) or a 3 per cent hexachlorophane liquid soap containing 0.3 per cent chlorocresol (Ster-Zac).
Injuries of the inferior vena cava
Authors: Rasaretnam Rudra , Vijayaragavan A , Thavendran A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four cases of inferior vena caval injury seen recently at the Accident Service of the Colombo General Hospital are reported. Three patients presented in shock, white 2 had active bleeding at the time of operation. Direct suture was successful in 3 cases. Methods of access to the various segments of the inferior vena cava are discussed together with a review of the literature.
The metabolic response to abdominal surgery in a tropical environment
Authors: Elebute E A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Nitrogen balance studies were conducted in 17 adult male Nigerian patients. All the patients had vagotomy and a drainage operation for chronic duodenal ulceration. In 9 patients the postoperative regimen employed was the intravenous administration of isotonic dextrose and dextrose-saline solutions, while the remaining 8 patients had intravenous supplements of nitrogen and calories in the form of amino acids and 50 per cent dextrose respectively. Detailed records of ward temperature and humidity were obtained during the studies.
A significantly increased amount of urinary nitrogen which showed no correlation with either nitrogen or calorie intake indicated increased catabolism of endogenous protein in the immediate postoperative period. The negative nitrogen balance which results from this response can be abolished by increased intake of nitrogen and calories, but the level of intake required is much higher in the early than in the late postoperative period. A significant negative correlation of maximum air temperature with the deviations of nitrogen balance from the nitrogen balance/nitrogen intake regression line indicates that in the humid climate of Lagos higher environmental temperatures may increase the extent of the catabolic response. It is possible that in a hot humid environment higher temperatures add to the stress of an abdominal operation.
Comparison of the results of this study with results obtained in a similar study in Newcastle (Spivey and Johnston, 1972) shows that in permanent inhabitants of a tropical area of the world abdominal surgery of moderate severity produces a metabolic response of similar magnitude to that observed in a temperate part of the world.
Long-term results of surgical treatment for dumping after partial gastrectomy
Authors: Eldh J , Kewenter J , Kock N G , Olson P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-seven patients with moderate or severe dumping after partial gastric resection have been observed for 8 years, Twenty patients had been treated for dumping by conversion of the gastrojejunostomy to gastroduodenostomy and in 14 patients an isoperistaltic segment of jejunum had been interposed between the gastric remnant and the duodenum. Thirteen patients with post-gastrectomy dumping had not been operated upon secondarily and served as controls. Fifty per cent of the patients who were surgically treated for dumping improved during the observation time. In the group of patients treated conservatively for dumping improvement was recorded in approximately 60 per cent. The finding of frequent socio-psychiatric manifestations in patients with postgastrectomy dumping emphasizes the importance of considering the mental conditions when selecting patients for gastric surgery. The high proportion of patients who improved spontaneously in the control group stresses also the importance of delaying surgical treatment for a time in patients with postgastrectomy dumping.
Management of the pelvic space after proctectomy
Authors: Broader J H , Masselink B A , Oates G D , Alexander-Williams J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Closed-suction drainage with peritoneal and perineal suture has been used in 106 patients undergoing proctectomy for carcinoma or ulcerative or Crohn's colitis. This technique resulted in primary wound healing in 63 per cent of all the patients. Wound breakdown and delayed primary healing were particularly likely to occur in the young, in patients with Crohn's disease, in those who had contaminated wounds and in those on prolonged systemic steroid therapy. Even in the high-risk patients primary wound healing could still be achieved in 33 per cent. If haematoma or infection of the wound occurs the wound can be opened and the patient is no worse than if the wound had been packed initially.
Cancer of the biliary system: A study of 445 cases
Authors: Shani Mordechai , Hart Jacob , Modan Baruch 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The data for 445 patients admitted to all the general hospitals in Israel during a 4-year period in whom a definite diagnosis of biliary system cancer was made were studied. The findings confirm those of previous reports and indicate that the pattern of the disease in the community is similar to that in selected hospital material.
‚Circumflex’︁ arterial bypass for ischaemia of the lower limbs-another imitation of natural collaterals
Authors: Louw J H , Birkenstock W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Occasionally revascularization of the lower limb by direct aortofemoral or iliofemoral bypass graft is impracticable because of sepsis in the femoral triangle. In such cases the femoral triangle has been circumvented by using an alternative route via the obturator foramen for the bypass. It is pointed out that this obturator bypass is simply an imitation of natural collaterals (obturator and medial femoral circumflex arteries), but that it has certain limitations. Another alternative pathway is described and named the ‚circumflex’︁ bypass because it is an imitation of the circumflex collaterals (deep circumflex iliac and lateral femoral circumflex arteries). This bypass has been used successfully in 2 patients-from the common iliac to the superficial femoral in the first, and from the axillary to the superficial femoral in the second.
Infected synthetic arterial grafts
Authors: Bouhoutsos John , Chavatzas Demetrios , Martin Peter , Morris Tom 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective study of 532 patients with synthetic arterial grafts was made. The results showed that when the distal anastomosis has to be made via the groin the incidence of infection is reduced by placing the anastomosis above the inguinal ligament. This reduction in incidence is highly significant (P&lt;0 001). If for some reason anastomosis to the femoral artery is unavoidable it is suggested that the sartorius muscle should be detached from its origin and sutured to the inguinal ligament to cover the anastomosis.
In addition the management of patients with infected grafts is discussed.
Giant fibro-adenoma (cystosarcoma phyllodes) in adolescent females-a clinicopathological study
Authors: Nambiar R , Kannan Kutty M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
1. An analysis of the findings in a series of 25 cases of giant fibro-adenoma of the breast in adolescent females is presented together with a review of the relevant literature. The clinical features, histology, prognosis and treatment of these tumours are discussed.
2. Follow-up of from 2 to 8 years after total excision of the tumours has shown that normal breast development occurred in all the cases. There was no recurrence or distant metastasis.
3. Despite clinical features and histological characteristics suggestive of malignancy the tumour has been found in our experience to be strictly benign in patients under the age of 20 years.
Acute appendicitis complicating pregnancy in the Oxford region
Authors: Finch D R A , Lee Emanoel 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study of 75 patients who were admitted to the Oxford group of hospitals with suspected acute appendicitis during pregnancy is presented, and the findings are compared with those in a similar group of non-pregnant patients. In general the disease was found at operation to be more advanced in the pregnant group, and this was probably a reflection of a delay in diagnosis. This delay, which was seen most commonly in the third trimester, led to a number of fetal deaths which might have been avoided by earlier operation. Furthermore, the dangers resulting from a negative laparotomy were sufficiently minor for a policy of early surgery for suspected acute appendicitis to be advocated during all stages of pregnancy.
The reduction of surgical wound infections by topical cephaloridine: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Evans Christine , Pollock A V , Rosenberg I L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four hundred and one consecutive patients having surgical operations were studied. Of these, 188 cases selected at random had 1 g of cephaloridine in 2 ml of water instilled into the wound before closure, the remainder being controls. In the group receiving cephaloridine 9 per cent of the wounds became infected and in the control group 22.1 per cent. The difference could have arisen by chance less than once in a thousand times.
Choledochal cyst
Authors: Kirwan W O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper reports a series of 8 children with a choledochal cyst. The pathology, diagnosis and treatment of choledochal cyst are discussed. All the cases have been fully followed up and 1 patient has been examined 21 years after operation. The importance of choledochal cyst as a cause of obstructive neonatal jaundice is emphasized. Radical excision of the cyst with choledochoduodenostomy has been found to be the most satisfactory operation. If choledochal cyst is properly managed the prognosis is excellent.
Associated midgut malrotation and Meckel's diverticulum presenting in adult life
Authors: Harvey J S , Giles G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The details of 2 adult patients are reported who presented with abdominal colic and were found to have malrotation of the midgut. However, in both cases the clinical presentation resulted from the association of the malrotation with a persistent Meckel's diverticulum. This particular association does not appear to have keen stressed or commented upon before.
Amoebic perforation of the colon
Authors: Prakash A , Sharma Lalit K , Pandit P N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of multiple large amoebic perforation of the colon is presented. Although amoebiasis is common in the developing countries of the world, reports of bowel perforations needing surgical treatment are few. A high index of suspicion, early surgery and intensive anti-amoebic and antibiotic therapy, as in the present case, may save a patient in an otherwise fatal complication of amoebic infection.
Multiple intestinal malignancies and prolonged survival in a young woman
Authors: Thomas E , Hall P , Hislop I G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An unusual case of long survival after multiple primary gastrointestinal malignancies is reported. A 30-year-old woman developed a carcinoma of the cardiac region of her stomach with local extension to the oesophagus; 11 years following limited resection she is alive and well. During the intervening period she developed three separate predominantly poorly differentiated cancers of the colon and another in the rectum. Lymph node metastases were present in association with the first colonic carcinoma; local involvement of the uterus and pericolic veins was observed with the rectal tumor Factors known to influence the prognosis of gastric and colonic carcinomas are briefly reviewed.
Penetrating craniocerebral missile injuries in the civil disturbances in Northern Ireland
Authors: Byrnes D P , Crockard H A , Gordon D S , Gleadhill C A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The management of 93 patients with craniocerebral gunshot wounds is reviewed. The contrast between the injuries of urban guerilla warfare, conventional warfare and civilian life is outlined. Emphasis is placed on the need for early and adequate transfusion and for immediate airway control to limit cerebral oedema. Principles of wound surgery evolved in other conflicts were followed and developed.
Gastric mucosal pH
Authors: Earlam Richard J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
During routine studies of oesophageal motility the lowest pH recorded from the stomach has been measured by a stomach electrode on 263 separate occasions.
The mean pH of 117 male patients with duodenal ulceration was 1.3 ± 0.3 (mean ± 1 standard deviation), and this was lower than in 17 patients with a gastric ulcer (1.7 ± 0.3) and 19 with a hiatal hernia (1.6 ± 0.4). Patients with a gastric ulcer had a lower pH than those with gastric carcinoma (2.3 ± 0.9).
The lowest pH of duodenal ulcer patients was changed by truncal vagotomy (37 patients) to 1.3 ± 0.8 and by a Polya partial gastrectomy (25 patients) to 3.2 ± 1.8.
If a stomal ulcer was present after a partial gastrectomy the pH was 1.1 and this changed to above 1.9 after vagotomy.
Total body water and total exchangeable sodium in patients after ileorectal anastomosis
Authors: Hill G L , Watts J McK , Iseli A , Clarke A M , Hughes E S R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Total body water and total exchangeable sodium were measured in 29 patients who had undergone subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis more than I year previously and in a control group of 28 normal persons. Significant dehydration and sodium depletion in the patients were not demonstrated when compared with the controls. These findings are in contrast to the dehydration and sodium depletion previously demonstrated in ileostomy patients. Faecal loss of sodium in patients with ileorectal anastomosis was found to be less than in patients with ileostomies. The findings suggest that ileorectal anastomosis carries less risk of long-term, fluid and electrolyte depletion than ileostomy.
Postoperative fibrinolytic activity and deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Gordon-Smith I C , Hickman J A , Le Quesne L P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The changes in blood fibrinolytic activity, measured by an isotopic method, have been studied in 50 patients following a major surgical operation.
A phase of enhanced fibrinolytic activity occurred at the time of operation. Subsequently no evidence of prolonged depression of fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated.
Patients who developed postoperative deep vein thrombosis, as diagnosed by the 125I fibrinogen technique, exhibited significantly lower fibrinolytic activity on the first postoperative day than patients with no thrombosis (P &lt; 0.01); apart from this the two groups of patients showed no demonstrable difference in fibrinolytic activity in the 7 days after operation.
Portacaval transposition in the rat: A new technique and its effects on liver and body weight
Authors: Ryan C J , Benjamin I S , Blumgart L H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Portacaval transposition by direct end-to-end anastomoses has been established in rats, with negligible mortality and with survivors up to 150 days. The operation was associated with an early fall in body weight, followed by a recovery period the rapidity of which was related to the preoperative weight (and thus age) of the animal. At sacrifice after 35 days the relative liver weight of the animals with portacaval transposition was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.01), though it remained significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) than that in a group of animals with a portacaval shunt. The only histological change was minimal congestion of the sinusoids in the animals with portacaval transposition.
Highly selective vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer stenosis
Authors: El-Katib Yehia , Mashhoor Nabil 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirteen cases of duodenal ulcer complicated by stenosis have been subjected to highly selective vagotomy and a gastro-enterostomy, the gastric stoma of which was situated on the greater curvature in order not to interfere with the antral motility. There was no radiological or clinical evidence of postoperative gastric retention.
Measurement of gastrow-oesophageal acid reflux: Its significance in hiatus hernia
Authors: Lichter Ivan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Gastro-oedophageal reflux may be responsible for symptoms and sometimes for the development of oesophageal damage. These effects are inconstant when reflux is demonstrated by radiography or by conuentional pH studies. This unpredictability may be accounted for by the observation that during the day refluxed material is rapidly cleared from the oesophagus by swallowing, while during sleep little swallowing occurs. To explore the hypothesis that reflux during deep is the important factor, prolongedintra-oesophageal pH studies have been done and a method has been developed for quantifying nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux.
The investigation has Ahown that persistence of acid within the oesophagus is associated with prolonged periods during sleep when no swallowing occurs. Measurements of nocturnal intra-oesophageal pH were made in 41 patients with symptomatic sliding hiatus hernia. In 12 patients with mild symptoms reflux measured by this index did not exceed 15 minutes, with one exception, and no patient showed oesophagitis. In 10 patients with moderate symptoms reflux did not exceed 1 hour, with one exception, and mild to moderate oesophagitis was present in 4 cases. Nineteen patients had severe symptoms; in all hut one the period of reflux was in excess of 1 hour, and oesophagitis was found in 13.
The experimental production of gastric ulcers by induced muscle spasm
Authors: Qvist George , Dormandy John , Brown Colin , Slome David , Scott G B D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A new technique is described for the experimental production of gastric ulcers in dogs. It depends on producing an intermittent but severe localized increase in the contractility of the stomach by means of electrodes implanted in the gastric muscle. A suitable stimulator is attached to the animal's back. Following some early technical, failures an adequate stimulus was applied for 2–3 weeks in 16 animals. In 13 cases macroscopic lesions developed in the stimulated area, varying from frank perforation to superficial erosions. Confirmation by barium meal examinations and histology is provided.
It is suggested that the responsible mechanism may be a localized ischaemia, due to the increased muscle spasm, predisposing to the necrosis and ulceration of the mucosa followed by the more superficial layers of the stomach wall.
The doubtful place of the raised heel in patients with intermittent claudication of the leg
Authors: Chavatzas Demetrios , Jamieson Crawford W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty legs in 24 patients with intermittent claudication in the calf secondary to atherosclerosis have been studied. All the patients walked on a treadmill with and without their heel raised. The evaluation of the response of each patient to the exercise was achieved by subjective and objective means, including the severity of pain, walking time and distance to onset of pain, walking time and distance to pain tolerance and post-exercise ankle systolic blood pressure response using the percutaneous ultrasound Doppler. The results indicate, contrary to those of the limited available literature, that the raised heel deserves no serious place in the treatment of intermittent claudication.