bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf Rust Infection in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Populations of Bread Wheat
Authors: Malik B. S. , Rao M. V. , Yadav S. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree commercial Indian wheat varieties —‘Sonalika’, ‘Kalyansona’ and ‘Janak’ were used to develop homogeneous and heterogeneous lines for leaf rust resistance, utilizing diverse sources of resistance from fourteen donors. Four kinds of multilines were developed to study coefficients o: infection, areas under disease progress curves (AUDPC), rates of spread and grain yields over their component means.Heterogeneous populations showed minimum coefficients of infection at initial as well as final stages, which were less than or equal to the resistant component even in dirty multilines carrying up to 50 % susceptible populations. Large reductions in coefficients of infection and in AUDPC were also observed. Rate of spread was independent of coefficient of infection and AUDPC.Grain yield advantage over both component means and recurrent parents was higher in clean multilines. The significance of the use of multilines in limiting losses due to disease is discussed.
Repeatability of Some Statistical Measures of Phenotypic Stability —
Authors: Léon J. , Becker H. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study‐ was to evaluate whether different statistical measures of phenotypic stability vary in their repeatability. Eight multi year and multi location variety tests of wheat, barley and oat were analysed separately for each year. Single year data of yield, of response parameters: environmental variance (S23 and coefficient of regression (b), and of stability parameters: deviation mean squares (S23), coefficient of determination (r2), ecovalence (W), and the nor, parametric measure variance of ranks (Si4), were correlated with multi year, multi location results.Repeatability of single year results was highest for yield, where rank correlation coefficients amounted to about 0.80. s2x and b showed medium values of nearly 0.55 The stability parameters s2d, r2, W and Si4 did not differ in their repeatability. Respective correlation coefficients possessed values of approximately 0.40 and were very variable from experiment to experiment. Reliability of single year results was especially low for experiments with high varieties × years interactions. Single year results of the examined variety tests could not serve as a basis to quantify phenotypic stability even if more than ten locations were involved.
Heterosis in Primary Hexaploid Triticale with Heterozygous Wheat or Rye Genome*)
Authors: Oettler G. , Geiger H. H. , Utz H. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwelve primary hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), synthesized from, three lines of tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum L., T. turgidum L.) and four inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale L.), were used to produce 18 crosses with homozygous wheat and heterozygous rye genome and 12 crosses with heterozygous wheat and homozygous rye genome. Parents and crosses of triticale, wheat, and rye were tested for two years (rye for one year only) in two‐replicate block designs with 1 m2‐plots. Data were assessed for plant height, grain yield and for yield‐related traits.Performance of triticale crosses was considerably lower than that of the wheat and rye crosses. The amount of heterosis varied greatly between years. Positive and mainly significant heterosis was revealed in triticale generations F1 and F2. The average values were closer to those in wheat than to those in rye. For most characters a high level of heterosis was retained in tnucalt1 generation F2. Heterozygosity of the wheat and rye genome both contributed to heterosis in triticale. However, gene action of the rye genome strongly depended on the homozygous wheat background: one wheat line almost completely suppressed and another greatly stimulated the heterotic effect of the rye genome. In the later case, the amount of heterosis was related to that in rye per se. Information from hybrid rye breeding may therefore be used when establishing gene pools for hybrid breeding in triticale.
Genetic Analysis of Chromosome 2D of Wheat
Authors: Worland A. J. , Petrovic S. , Law C. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Yugoslavian varieties ‘Novosadska Rana 1’ and ‘Sava’ are shown by monosomic comparisons to carry weak height promoters on chromosome 2D characteristic of the ‘Akakomugi’ gene for reduced height, Rht8. Reciprocal monosomic crosses between ‘Bersee’ and ‘Sava’ demonstrate ‘Sava’ chromosome 2D reduces height by about 16 cms, accelerates ear emergence by about 9 days and increases yield through increased grain number and grain size.Recombinant lines developed for chromosome 2D suggest that this chromosome in Mediterranean wheats carries three genes, Rht8, Ppd1 and Yr16, important to their adaptation. Rht8 and Ppd1, a gene for day length insensitivity together reduce height. Ppd1 and, to a minor degree, either yr16, the susceptible allele of a gene for adult plant resistance to yellow rust or a closely linked gene, accelerate time to flowering and thereby avoid desiccating Yugoslavian summer conditions. The same genes reduce spikelets numbers but this is offset by increased floret fertility producing an overall increase in the number of grains per ear. Ppd1 also by avoiding desiccating conditions increases gram size and together with either yr16 or the closely linked fertility gene increases ear and plant yields.
Resynthesis of Brassies napus L. through Interspecific Hybridization between B. alboglabra Bailey and B. campestris L. with Special Emphasis on Seed Colour
Authors: Chen B. Y. , Heneen W. K. , Jönsson R. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Brassica napus L. was resynthesized through interspecific hybridization between B. alboglabra Bailey and B campestris L. with the objective or developing yellow‐seeded forms of this species. For hybridization, one black‐seeded form and one light brown‐seeded form of B. alboglabra (a subordinate of B. oleracea) and one brown and ten yellow‐seeded forms of B. campestris were chosen as parents. Crosses with B. alboglabra as the female parent were more successful than crushes with B. campestris as female. The use of the embryo rescue culture technique greatly increased the number of surviving hybrid embryos. Colchicine treatment was required for doubling the chromosome number of the amphihaploid hybrid plants. In the newly‐resynthesized rape forms, the white petal of B. alboglabra was partially epistatic over the yellow petal of B. campestris. The self compatibility of B. alboglabra was hypostatic to the self incompatibility of B. campestris. The black‐seeded character of B. alboglabra and the brown‐seeded character of B. campestris were completely eptstatic over the yellow‐seeded character of B. campestris and the light brown‐seeded character of B. alboglabra. Implications of the results from this study in breeding yellow‐seeded B. napus are discussed.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize and Comparison of Genetic Variability Induced by Gamma Radiation and Tissue Culture Techniques
Authors: Novak F. J. , Daskalov S. , Brunner H. , Nesticky M. , Afza R. , Dolezelova M. , Lucretti S. , Herichova A. , Hermelin T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSixteen inbred lines and one hybrid of manse were tested for their capability of somatic embryogenesis, and fully developed plants could be regenerated, from ten inbred, lines. The highest frequency of plant regeneration was expressed in the inbred line CHI 31, and when this line was crossed with a recalcitrant, non‐regenerating line, the F1 and BC hybrids were regenerable. The results of reciprocal crosses demonstrated that dominant nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors are primarily responsible for the heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation and in vitro regeneration of maize plants.Somaclonal and radiation‐induced variability was studied in maize to assess their nature and potential contribution to plant breeding., The inbred line CHI 31 possessing a high in vitro capacity of somatic embryo formation was used as experiments.] material. CHI 31 plants were selfed and twelve‐day old zygotic embryos irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation in situ. Mature caryopses were harvested and assigned as M1 material. In another series, immature zygotic embryos (size 1.2—1.5 mm) were cultured in vitro on N‐6 medium supplemented with 2,4‐D (2.5 μM), and somatic embryos regenerated into plants; these were transplanted into soil and self‐pollinated. Regenerants from non‐irradiated cultures were grown as R1 generation, while regenerants from irradiated explants were considered as M1R1 generation.The genetic variability was evaluated in the M2, R2 and M2R2 generations, respectively, and compared with a non‐treated seed control. Irradiation induced a variety of chlorophyll and morphological variants segregating in the M; generation; however, the frequency of deviant types obtained in the R: generation (somaclonal variation) was significantly exceeding the one derived from the M2 populations. The combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneration was most effective for the manifestation of chlorophyll and morphological o if types in the M2R2 generation, and increased drastically the frequency of early flowering variants. Differences in the segregation patterns of mutant phenotypes amonsister somaclones in the R3 and M3R3 generations indicate a different genetic basis, of plants originating from the same explant. This phenomenon suggests a mutational sectoring of the callus during culture. Radiation induced and somaclonal variation exerted a similar spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological deviants.
The Genetic Basis of Variation for Salt Tolerance in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Seedlings
Authors: Azhar F. M. , McNeilly T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genetic basis of salt (NaCll tolerance at the seedling stage was examined in eight accessions of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench which differed in relative NaCl tolerance. The eight accessions were crossed in all possible combinations. The Nad tolerances of the resulting 56 F: hybrids and their eight parents were assessed after two weeks growth in solution cultures containing 0, 103, and 150mM NaCl. Indices of salt tolerance (relative tolerance) were used for analysis using the diallel method.Both additive and dominance effects appeared to be important for the expression of variation under low and high salinity levels, but the effect of genes with dominance properties was more pronounced. Estimates of narrow sense hentabilities for sail tolerance were appreciable, suggesting that rapid improvement in salinity tolerance is possible in this species using high selection pressures in the F2 population.
Genetics of Seed Yield and its Components in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Middle‐American Origin
Authors: Nienhuis J. , Singh S. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIncrease in yield potential of dry common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars has been either imperceptible or small and gradual, in spite of large variation of most traits, including seed yield. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) of 80 cultivars and lines of mostly Middle‐American origin was investigated. Eight sets of 10 entries each were used, with five parents each as females and males in a Design II mating system. The resulting 200 F, populations, excluding parents, were evaluated in a replicates‐in‐sets design for yield and its, components at two locations in Colombia. GCA was, calculated by Griffing's Method 4, Model I.Sixty‐two parents, including high yielding and widely grown small‐seeded Latin American cultivars (‘Aete 3’, ‘Carioca’, ‘Catu’, ‘ICA Pijao’, ‘IPA 74‐19’, ‘Jamapa’, ‘Moruna 80’, ‘Porrillo Sintetico’. ‘Rio Tibagi’), new releases, and many sources of diseases, insect pests, and drought resistance, had zero or negative GCA for yield and its components at both locations. Seventeen out of the 18 parents that had positive GCA for yield at one or both locations were bred lines. At least nine of these resulted from a cross between a small‐seeded cultivar with zero or negative GCA for yield, on one hind, and a landrace from the highlands of Mexico, on the other. Two such landraces, ‘Guanajuato 31’ and ‘Ojo deLiebre’, contributed positive GCA for seed yield and seed weight to all their lines studied, suggesting a major gene control.
Introgression of Resistance to Shattering in Brassica napus from Brassica juncea through Non‐Homologous Recombination
Authors: Prakash Shyam , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic information conffering non‐ shattering of siliques has been introgressed in rapeseed (Brassica napus) following; interspecific hybridization between Brassica juncea and B. napus. A reconstituted B. napus plant with complete non‐dehiscence of its fruits was isolated in the BC‐, generation. This plant had normal meiosis and formed 19 bivalents. Its seed fertility, however, was low (23 percent). It is suggested that the gene(s) for shattering‐resistance were incorporated into a B. oleracea chromosome following allosyndetic; chromosome pairing and. segmental exchange between B. nigra and B. oleracea chromosomes in the initial interspecific AABC hybrid.
The Size of the Root System of Lucerne Varieties Grown for Forage and Seed, and its Relation to Yield
Authors: Chloupek O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe size of the root system as determined by its electrical capacity was evaluated in lucerne plants of two varieties and three new synthetic populations in field experiments during four years (1981–1987). The average size of the root system of plants which were harvested three times, per year for forage was about 11 % smaller than that of plants grown for forage in the primary growth and for seed in the secondary growth of each year. The smallest root system was determined in the variety ‘Bobrava’ and the synthetic population ZE‐S‐VH (relatively 100 and 100.9 %), followed by the variety ‘Palava’ and the synthetic population ZE‐S‐IV (1 05.1 anc 106.7 %). The largest root system was Sound in the synthetic population ZE‐S‐V (111.7%). One of the five parental Tories in ZE‐S‐IV and ZE‐S‐V exhibited significant effects of general combining ability for root system size. The large root system could also be due to higher resistance to vascular wilt. The larger root system is related to higher persistence, stability for more: cuts, higher level and stability of forage and seed yield in comparison to the control variety. The results present evidence for succesfully breeding, lucerne for larger root systems.
Heterosis and Genetic Variances and their Implications for Breeding Improved Varieties of Spring Beans (Vicia faba L.)*
Authors: Ebmeyer E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHandcrosses were made in a factorial manner with 24 Vicia faba inbred lines m three sets, each between four male and four female parents. The resulting 48 hybrids, their parental inbreds and three commercial varieties were grown in performance trials during the years 1985—87 with three replications at one location. Yield and yield components were recorded on single plant basis.The average superiority of the hybrids above the control varieties was 26 % in plant yield. The best crosses outyielded the controls by more than 50 %. However, a few inbred lines also reached, the yield level of the controls.The average heterosis was significant for all characters except for maturity date. In plant yield the average heterosis was 75%, ranging between 34% and 148% in the various cross combinations. The highest average heterosis of 110 % was observed in yield at the lateral stems. In all characters the best inbreds were superior to the lower hybrids and in some characters even equal to the average of the hybrids.A strong positive relationship was found for all characters between hybrid performance and mid‐parent value and between the per se performance of the inbreds and their general combining ability.Genotypic differences between the hybrids as well as between the inbreds were highly significant. Most of the variability between the hybrids in all characters were attributed to general combining, ability with only little evidence for specific combining ability.In the discussion the results are evaluated according to the choice of the breeding category of the partial allogamous faba bean species.
Variation in Reaction of Faba Bean Lines to Different Accessions of Orobanche crenata Forsk.
Authors: Radwan M. S. , Abdalla M. M. F. , Fischbeck G. , Metwally A. A. , Darwish D. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree pot experiments were earned our to investigate the variation among geographic accessions of Orobanche crenata Forsk. in their ability to attack different stocks of Vicia faba L. Orobanche accessions were quite different in their influence on the performance of genetic lines of the host. However, host parasite relationships appeared to be dependent upon environmental conditions. The usefulness or host genotypes for differentiating between parasite accessions was rather limited. The number of Orobanche shoots per host plant does not appear 10 be a precise indicator of host tolerance although it has been frequently used for this purpose.
Peroxidase Isozyme Pattern in Pearl Millet Lines Resistant and Susceptible to Downy Mildew
Authors: Chahal S. S. , Kumar R. , Sidhu J. S. , Minocha J. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPeroxidase isozyme patterns of five downy mildew (DM) resistant inbred lines (PIB‐57‐1, PIB‐1248, PIB‐1356, PIB‐1364 and PIB‐1440), five susceptible lines (PIB‐1335‐1‐1, PIB‐1314‐2‐2, PIB‐2231‐1, 7042 and PIB‐1530‐1‐1) and DM free plants from the susceptible lines of pearl millet were studied. The results suggested a possible involvement of an isoperoxidase (C9) in imparting the resistance. The involvement of two other isozymes (C5 and C6) was also indicated in the1 resistance mechanism. The specific differentiation m particular isozyme pattern can be a useful criterion for characterization of resistance to downy mildew.
Response of Sericea Lespedeza Genotypes Low in Tannins to Different Environments
Authors: Mosjidis J. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTransfer of the low‐tannin trait to otherwise desirable sericea lespedeza high‐tannin lines produced genotypes with considerably lowered forage yield. It is not known if low‐tannin sericeas are proportionally less productive than high‐tannin sericeas in high‐yielding environments. If so, low‐tannin sericeas would be less desirable to grow in more productive environments. Regression analysis was used to partition GE interactions between regressions and the residuals after regression, and to measure the response to changing environments, Shukla's stability‐variance parameters were used to measure genotype stability. Variance and coefficient of variation were calculated across environments for each genotype and rank correlated to the aforementioned parameters of stability to determine their usefulness in the early stages of cultivar testing. Stability analysis was carried out on the dry forage yield of 10 genotypes grown in 10 environments in Alabama. The only low‐tannin genotype that consistently responded to environmental fluctuations like ‘Serala’ was 74‐100‐5. Low‐tannin sericeas were found to be proportionally less productive than high‐tannin sericeas in high‐yielding environments. However, it is possible to select low‐tannin lines with an environmental response similar to high‐tannin sericeas. Rank correlations among stability parameters indicated that EV is a stability parameter which is easy to calculate and could be used in the early stages of cultivar testing.
Zur Genetik der Bisaboloide bei der Kamille
Authors: Horn W. , Franz Ch , Wickell I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetics of Bisaboloids in CamomileTo meet international quality standards, genetic studies and breeding programmes concerning secondary plant products in medicinal plants are important. It was the intention of the present study to test existing hypotheses on the inheritance of the bisaboloids using the genetic analysis of segregating progenies from controlled, self and cross pollinations within and between different chemotypes. Such types were analysed by means of TAS‐TLC.Results from 40 interconnected progenies confirmed the biosynthetic pathway from bisabolol via bisabololoxid A to bisabolonoxid. It could further he shown that three loci act in this pathway; the genotype oo., (bisabolol) is epistatic to P/p, a gene controlling synthesis from bisabolol‐5,6‐epoxid (OO) of either bisabololoxid A(O.P.) or B (O.pp). The dominance of P appears to be incomplete. The genotype pp is epistatic to the locus N/n which governs the step from bisabololoxid A – (O.P.nn) to bisabolonoxid (O.P.N). The most desirable genotype, which contains both bisabolol and matricine, is double recessive.
In vitro Culture of Cucumis sativus
Authors: Malepszy S. , Nadolska‐Orczyk A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe variability of morphological traits in 1800 individuals of R2 generation of Cucumis sativus was studied. R2 generation was obtained from 60 R1 planes which regenerated from leaf explants of a highly inbred Line of cv. Borszczagowski. All the plants of R1 population were phenotypically identical with the initial variety; some (8,3 %) of the R2 progeny, however, exhibited segregations. Variability was manifested in the following traits: 1. type of growth (dwarf and bushy), 2, male sterility, 3, mosaic type leaves, 4, xantha type chlorophyll change. In R3 generation, only one new phenotype (yellow fruit flesh) has been found. The traits mentioned above were frequently accompanied by lower viability and fertility of R2 plants. The latter was connected with disturbances in microsporogenesis and lover pollen germination ability. Genic instability of one trait is described.
Wheat Substitutions in Hexaploid Triticale*
Authors: Gustafson J. P. , Dille J. E. , Skovmand B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses between octoploid and hexaploid triticales have been made m breeding programs for several years, From an analysis of the progeny of such crosses where selections for an octoploid‐like phenotype had been made, it was established that 149 out of 150 lines were hexaploid in chromosome number, C‐banding and in situ hybridization demonstrated that all but five of the 62 lines analyzed in detail contained visible chromosomes or segments from the D genome. Only four lines had D‐genome chromosome replacing rye chromosomes. All of the remaining 53 D‐genome substitutions involved the replacing of wheat chromosomes from either the A or B genomes. This establishes the ease with which D‐genome genes can be placed into triticale without the loss of rye chromosomes.
Genetics of Five Seed Esterase Isozymes in Pearl Millet
Authors: Rao M. V. Subba , Rao Y. Saideswara , Manga V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance and linkage relationships of pearl millet seed esterase isozymes were studied using; polyacrylamide dise: gel electrophoresis and α‐naphthyl acetate as substrate. The Zone of enzyme activity was resolved into five bands. The presence of a band showed complete dominance over its absence. Each one of the bands (1 to 4) was under the control of a single gene. Band five was found to be controlled by three independent loci with duplicate gent action Loci for Est1, Est3 and Est4 Were found to be linked. Est2 Was independent of this linkage group.