bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coxsackie B virus infections in new zealand patients with cardiac and non‐cardiac diseases
Authors: Lau Robert C. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrom 1979 to 1981, a total of 910 cardiac patients and 776 noncardiac patients were studied and compared for evidence of coxsackie B virus infections. Of 78 cardiac patients with coxsackie B infection, 30 had pleurodynia, 18 myocarditis, and 20 pericarditis. The age‐adjusted rates of infection per 100 cases of defined category were 7.2, 13.3, and 7.0, respectively. Of 69 noncardiac patients with coxsackie B infection, 27 presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, 14 with upper respiratory tract infection, and 9 with meningitis. The age‐adjusted rates of infection per 100 population were 10.6, 11.0, and 8.4, respectively. The sex‐specific, age‐adjusted rates for both cardiac and noncardiac patients were generally higher in male than female. For cardiac patients, the highest percentage with coxsackie B virus infection occurred in the 20–39‐year age group, while in the noncardiac group, it was the 0–19‐year age group.Coxsackie B2 and B4 were the two most prevalent serotypes found in both cardiac and noncardiac patients. Coxsackie B infections occurred mainly during summer and autumn.The level of coxsackie B immunity in 1,020 normal persons aged 1–60 years and from all 18 health districts of New Zealand was studied. The geometric mean titre of antibody from these normal persons was highest for serotypes B2 and B4. The least prevalent type antibody was B6 where 970(95.1%) of normal persons tested had no antibody to this serotype. The percentage of normal persons with antibody‐type present were 30.4, 63.4, 54.1, 71.3, and 51.8 for B1‐5, respectively.
Non‐A, non‐b hepatitis in chimpanzees: Interference with acute hepatitis A virus and chronic hepatitis B virus infections
Authors: Bradley Daniel W. , Maynard James E. , McCaustland Karen A. , Murphy Bert L. , Cook E. H. , Ebert James W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo chimpanzees with persistent non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis were superinfected with marmoset‐passaged MS‐1 HAV. Two control chimpanzees were also infected with marmoset‐passaged HAV. Neither animal with persistent NANB hepatitis developed elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, whereas both control chimpanzees exhibited ALT elevations within 3 weeks after inoculation. In addition, both NANB‐infected chimpanzees demonstrated a delayed anti‐HAV antibody response in which one animal failed to produce detectable IgM anti‐HAV. With the exception of one stool, all serial liver biopsy specimens and daily stool suspensions from the superinfected chimpanzees were negative for HAV antigen. One chimpanzee with a chronic HBV infection was superinfected with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and was shown to develop elevated ALT activity and hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations accompanied by a marked reduction in the titer of serum HBsAg. Our combined findings indicate that acute and persistent non‐A, non‐B hepatitis infections are capable of interferring with two distinctly different hepatotropic viruses. These results also suggest that in vitro detection of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis infection or virus(es) may be achieved by antibody‐independent methodologies that employ the basic principle of viral interference.
Replication of human rotavirus in cell culture
Authors: Birch Christopher J. , Rodger Suzanne M. , Marshall John A. , Gust Ian D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNine strains of human rotavirus were adapted to growth in CV‐1 and/or MA‐104 cells following pretreatment of virus with trypsin, incorporation of trypsin into culture medium, and use of roller cultures. Immunofluorescence was the most reliable method for the detection of virus replication, although characteristic cytopathic effects were produced sporadically by most isolates. Virus could be readily detected in supernatant fluids of cell cultures and in cell sections by electron microscopy.
Diagnosis of human coronavirus infections in children using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Macnaughton Malcolm R. , Flowers Dianne , Lsaacs David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for diagnosing human coronavirus (HCV) infections in children. One hundred and seventy seven nose swabs, throat swabs, and nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 30 children suffering from acute respiratory infections. These samples were tested for HCV antigens by ELISA and 28.2% of the samples were shown to be HCV positive. These results indicate that our ELISA should prove useful in the diagnosis of HCV infections in children. Further studies are in progress to extend the ELISA to detect HCVs in experimentally and naturally acquired infections in adults.
Episomal DNA of a BK virus variant in a human insulinoma
Authors: Caputo A. , Corallini A. , Grossi M. P. , Carrà L. , Balboni P. G. , Negrini M. , Milanesi G. , Federspil G. , Barbanti‐Brodano G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBK virus (BKV) DNA was detected by blot hybridization in a human adenoma of pancreatic islets from patient I.R. BKV DNA was free, and no evidence was found of viral sequences integrated into cellular DNA. Virus was rescued by transfection of human embryonic fibroblasts with tumor DNA. The DNA from rescued virus (BKV‐IR) was different from wild‐type BKV DNA by restriction endonuclease mapping. The genome of BKV‐IR is 235 base pairs (bp) shorter than the genome of wild‐type BKV. This alteration originates from a deletion of approximately 300 bp involving HindIII fragments B and D, and an insertion of 70 bp in the region of HindIII fragment C. Transformation of hamster kidney cells was induced by total tumor DNA as well as by BKV‐IR and BKV‐IR DNA. No antibodies to BKV tumor (T) antigen were detected in the patient's serum by immunofluorescence. The significance of episomal BKV DNA in a human tumor is discussed.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Evidence of multiple viral infections in a cluster of ten cases
Authors: Larke R. P. Bryce , Preiksaitis Jutta K. , Devine Robert D. , Harley Frances L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring July 1979, ten patients were admitted to the hospital with bloody diarrhoea followed by manifestations of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS): acute microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, intravascular coagulopathy, and impaired renal function. Ages ranged from 13 months to 58 yr, with only two patients more than 5 yr old. In a household that included seven children born to three sisters who married three brothers, six children required hospitalization for bloody diarrhoea and four developed HUS; the father of one case and the maternal grandmother also developed bloody diarrhoea. Echovirus type 11 was isolated from the pharyngeal secretions or faeces of all members of the household with bloody diarrhoea, with the exception of the grandmother. Picornavirus‐like particles were seen by direct electron microscopy (E/M) in faeces from four other HUS patients and an adenovirus in one, but these viruses failed to replicate in cell cultures. Parvovirus‐like particles were seen by E/M in faeces from six patients. Serological examination indicated recent infection with one or more enteroviruses (echovirus 11, coxsackieviruses A4, B2, B4) in nine cases. Combined viral studies revealed presumptive evidence of recent infection with two or more viruses in all of the patients with HUS. Stools were negative for bacterial pathogens including campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, and yersinia organisms. Only one of nine patients tested had circulating immune complexes. Our data support the concept that the pathology seen in HUS may be due to a Shwartzman‐type reaction provoked by concurrent infection with two or more viral agents.
Comparative use of adenine arabinoside and adenine arabinoside monophosphate in varicella and disseminated zoster in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Vilde J. L. , Bricaire F. , Huchon A. , Brun‐Vezinet F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdenine arabinoside monophosphate (ARA AMP) was used in ten immunosuppressed patients suffering from varicella or disseminated zoster, and compared to adenine arabinoside (vidarabine) in ten other similar patients. Good results were obtained with both drugs: the fever stopped suddenly in three or four days and no new vesicles were observed after the third day. ARA AMP is more soluble than vidarabine and is thus easier to handle; it could be an effective treatment of severe varicella‐zoster virus infections in immunosuppressed patients.
Failure to detect nucleic acid homology between some non‐A, Non‐B viruses and hepatitis B virus DNA
Authors: Fowler M. J. F. , Monjardino J. , Weller I. V. , Bamber M. , Karayiannis P. , Zuckerman A. J. , Thomas H. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSome studies suggest that there is antigenic and nucleic acid homology of one type of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virus with hepatitis B viral (HBV) proteins and DNA. Using molecular hybridisation under high and low stringency conditions with high specific activity 32P‐HBV DNA as a probe, serum and liver samples from patients and nonhuman primates infected with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were examined. Our results provide no evidence of significant homology between the DNA extracted from serum and liver of patients and nonhuman primates infected with one type of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and HBV DNA.
H‐2 linked genetic control of immune responsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in mice
Authors: Neurath A. Robert , Stark Dennis , Strick Nathan , Sproul Phyllis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent data suggest that genes involved in the control of (1) immune responses of humans to HBsAg and (2) the susceptibility to the development of chronic hepatitis B are linked to the major HLA histocompatibility complex. Studies on the genetic regulation of anti‐HBs responses and on the possible abrogation of nonresponsiveness to HBsAg in humans are difficult. In an attempt to develop a relevant animal model system, the anti‐HBs response of inbred and congenic strains of mice was investigated. A great variation in anti‐HBs responses among individual mice belonging to the same strains was observed. Nevertheless, it was possible to rank the inbred mouse strains studied according to their decreasing anti‐HBs responses as follows: BALB/c[d] ∽ SWR/J[q] > C57BL/6J[b] ∽ DBA/2J[a] > AKR/J[k] > A/J[a] > CBA/CaJ[k] > SJL/J[s]. (Letters in brackets indicate H‐2 haplotype). Only a small proportion of SJL mice had an anti‐HBs response. Therefore, this strain may serve as a model for human nonresponders. Studies with the congenic strains B10.D2[d] and B10.S[s] indicated that genes conferring responsiveness to HBsAg are linked to the H‐2 histocompatibility complex. However, genes not linked to H‐2 also probably play a role in regulating anti‐Hbs responses.
Non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in Palermo, Western Sicily
Authors: Intonazzo V. , La Rosa G. , Lanza A. , Famà B. , Romano N. , Farinella E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAetiological studies were carried out on 407 cases of acute viral hepatitis during two consecutive years in two general hospitals in Palermo, Sicily. Two hundred ninety‐seven showed serological evidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and 73 of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Of the remaining 37, two had a serologically diagnosed cytomegalovirus hepatitis, while 35 were classified as non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis.The frequency of the different major agents of acute viral hepatitis was notably influenced by the age of the patients, HAV being prevalent in children and HBV and NANB in adults.About one‐fourth of the adult cases of sporadic, acute viral hepatitis were attributed to NANB virus(es). The acute disease appeared less severe than B hepatitis, as indicated by the duration of jaundice, peak serum bilirubin, and aminotransferase levels.No history of drug addiction or of parenteral exposure to blood or blood products was obtained from the presumed NANB hepatitis patients.
Experimental infection of chimpanzees with the HBsAg‐Associated delta (δdL) agent: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Canese Maria G. , Rizzetto Mario , Novara Rosanna , London William T. , Purcell Robert H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCharacteristic cytoplasmic membranous structures and intranuclear aggregates of particles similar to those reported in non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were observed by electron microscopy in the liver biopsies of chimpanzees inoculated with human serum, infectious for the delta agent. The ultrastructural changes were maximal during the intrahepatic production of the δdL antigen, but were detected also independently of δdL‐Ag expression. The ultrastructural analogies provide further evidence that δdL has properties distinct from HBV.
Cell‐mediated immunity in respiratory syncytial virus disease
Authors: Scott R. , Pullan C. R. , Scott M. , McQuillin J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSystemic cell‐mediated responses to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were detected, using a whole blood transformation assay, in 10 of 28 infants and children with RS virus infections during the period 1–14 days postadmission. Cell‐mediated responses were unrelated to the age of the patient or the severity of illness. No correlation was found between cellular responses and fourfold or greater rises in antibody titre to RS virus, as determined by a membrane immunofluorescence technique. Patients under 6 months of age had significantly lower levels of IgA and IgG antibody to RS virus compared to older patients, although cell‐mediated responses were similar in both groups. The presence of cell‐mediated reactivity to RS virus was also demonstrated in 5 of 95 samples of cord blood examined, and cellular responses failed to correlate with the levels of IgG antibody to RS virus.
Modulation of production of hepatitis B surface antigen by a human hepatoma cell line
Authors: Clementi Massimo , Bagnarelli Patrizia , Pauri Paola , Calegari Letizia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree drugs were assayed for their capacity to inhibit hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production by the PLC/PRF/S human hepatoma cell line. The effect on cell growth and HBsAg production of Cordycepin, 6‐azauridine, and Hygromicin B is reported. Hygromicin B, a translation inhibitor unable to penetrate normal cells, greatly reduced HBsAg production by growing and confluent cells.
Detection by ELISA of IgA and IgM antibodies in secretion and IgM antibodies in serum in primary lower respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Hornsleth Allan , Friis Birgitte , Grauballe Per Ch R. , Krasilnikof Peter Andreas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐six infants and children with primary lower RS virus infection, diagnosed by the detection of RS virus in nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) by use of immunofluorescent antibody (FA) technique, were studied with respect to the presence of IgA and IgM antibodies. Samples of NPS and serum obtained during the first 3–4 months following the beginning of illness, were investigated. Employing a reverse ELISA technique, we found IgM antibodies in the acute, but not during the convalescent, phase of illness in NPS from 20 of the patients and in serum from 21 of the patients. The majority of the IgM antibody conversions observed occurred in NPS as well as in serum on days 5–8 following the illness. RS virus IgA antibodies, also detected by a reverse ELISA technique, were demonstrated in NPS in 22 of the patients, with antibody conversions being found in 19 of the patients on days 5–8 following the beginning of the illness. Two patients still had IgA antibodies in NPS approximately 3 months FSOI. By comparison, RS virus was detected in acute‐phase NPS by double‐antibody sandwich ELISA in 25 of the 26 patients investigated.
Studies by immune electron microscopy of hepatitis B surface antigen in PLC/PRF/5 Cells
Authors: Shibayama Takao , Watanabe Toshiaki , Kojima Hideo , Yoshikawa Akira , Watanabe Shozo , Kamimura Tomoteru , Suzuki Shiro , Ichida Fumihiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractElectron microscopic studies of the morphology of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced by PLC/PRF/5 cells in vitro were carried out. Aggregates of 20‐nm spherical particles in 3‐day culture supernatants were observed by immune electron microscopy (IEM). Aggregates of tubular structures were found with IEM in the extracts of the cells. Tubular structures 18 to 22 nm in diameter were seen by electron microscopy (EM) in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in 2–3% of the cells. The tubular structures in the cytoplasm and extracts of PLC/PRF/5 cells resembled those observed in the hepatocytes of human carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Intracellular localization of HBsAg in PLC/PRF/5 cells by direct peroxidase‐conjugated antibody staining was observed on the tubular structures and the cisternal wall, which contained these structures. Rotation technique analysis indicated that the tubular structures were composed of 11 or 12 subunits.
Polyalbumin receptors on hepatitis B virus and on 22 nm hepatitis B surface antigen (H BsAg)2 particles
Authors: Pontisso P. , Falcieri E. , Schiavon E. , Alberti A. , Realdi G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReceptors for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) were studied by solidphase radioimmunoassay on different hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles subpopulations prepared both from hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and from anti‐HBe‐positive sera. HBsAg particles in HBeAg‐positive serum showed higher expression of the receptor compared with HBsAg particles from anti‐HBe‐positive serum. Analysis of different morphological forms of virus particles was performed after separation by density‐gradient ultracentrifugation. Maximum receptor expression was detected in HBV particles containing fractions while the 22‐nm HBsAg particles had significantly lower receptor activity. These observations support the hypothesis of a pathogenetic role of the pHSA receptor in mediating virus access to hepatocytes. Indeed, the higher pHSA binding activity on HBV particles could allow selective attachment of the infectious virion to liver cells that bear similar albumin receptors on their surface.
Antibody assays for varicella‐zoster virus: Comparison of competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA), Complement fixation, and indirect immunofluorescence assays
Authors: Wreghitt T. G. , Tedder R. S. , Nagington J. , Ferns R. Bridget 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe competitive ELISA test was compared with competitivc RIA, complement fixation, and indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of antibody to varicella‐zoster virus (VZV). ELISA and RIA were the most sensitive tests, being tenfold as sensitive as indirect immunofluorescence and 20 times as sensitive as complement fixation, which was surprisingly inadequate for detecting anti‐VZV in sera from regular haemodialysis patients. The ELISA test was found to be the most suitable assay, employing a routine complement fixation test (CFT) grade viral antigen and not requiring radiolabelling and counting facilities, which are unavailable in most virology laboratories.
Diagnostic value of anti‐HBc IgM in high hbv prevalence areas
Authors: Papaevangelou George , Roumeliotou‐Karayannis Anastasia , Tassopoulos Nicolaos , Stathopoulou Paraskevi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnostic value of an anti‐μ‐capture immunoassay for the detection of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) was evaluated. Strongly positive results were obtained from the acute phase sera of the 25 acute hepatitis B patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and of the 18 confirmed acute hepatitis B patients who had already cleared HBsAg when symptoms developed. Negative results were obtained in 5 hepatitis A patients, 20 non‐A, non‐B acute hepatitis patients serologically susceptible to HBV, 22 patients with chronic hepatitis B liver disease, 15 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, and 10 healthy patients immune from past HBV infection. Fourteen of the acute hepatitis patients remained HBsAg positive for a follow‐up period of at least 6 months, and 12 of these were found consistently anti‐HBc IgM negative. These were considered as chronic HBsAg carriers with a superimposed form of acute liver injury.These data show that this assay can differentiate between acute from chronic (HBsAg positive) and recent from old (HBsAg negative) hepatitis B virus infection. Thus, it should be very useful in the complex diagnostic situations encountered commonly in areas with high prevalence of HBV infections.
Monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis A virus
Authors: Dawson George J. , Decker Richard H. , Norton Debra K. , Bryce Warren H. , Whittington Richard O. , Tribby Use I. , Mushahwar Isa K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of monoclonal antibodies generated against hepatitis A virus (HAV). Monoclonal antibodies (MCABs) from two murine hybridoma cell lines were found to bind to an epitope recognized in the sera of patients recovering from infection with HAV. Ascitcs fluids containing MCABs from one hybridoma (Hl C19) inhibited a maximum of 70% of the 125I‐labeled polyclonal human anti‐HAV from binding to HAV‐antigen in a competitive radioimmunoassay, indicating that the MCAB recognizes a major epitope of HAV. Monoclonal anti‐HAV that was coated onto polystyrene beads was as effective as polyclonal antibodies in capturing HAV antigen from extracts of human feces, marmoset liver, and cultured cells. Radiolabeled MCAB was used to screen sera for anti‐HAV. A collection of 117 sera was tested for total anti‐HAV by competitive radioimmunoassays utilizing either 125I‐labeled human polyclonal or mouse monoclonal antibody. Thirty‐four specimens were similarly reactive by both systems, while the remainder were negative. Likewise, 28 specimens were similarly positive for IgM anti‐HAV, and 12 specimens were negative using each of the two labeled antibodies. The data show that anti‐HAV induced during disease is directed against a common major epitope of HAV and that MC anti‐HAV can be used effectively as a reagent to detect these antibodies.
Evaluation of a reduced dose of hepatitis B vaccine administered intradermally
Authors: Zoulek Gert , Lorbeer Bernd , Jilg Wolfgang , Deinhardt Friedrich 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntradermal inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg subtype adw) caused no side effects, but the vaccine was less immunogenic than following intramuscular administration. Intradermal inoculation does not, therefore, offer a major advantage to the generally used intramuscular immunization. A single multisite intradermal administration of a reduced dose of vaccine did not result in a more rapid seroconversion compared to intramuscular inoculation. Although the antibody levels were similar after two intradermal or intramuscular injections given 1 month apart, the booster (third injection) at 6 months resulted in anti‐HBs levels that were about 10 times higher following intramuscular inoculation as compared to intradermal.All persons immunized developed anti‐HBs. The levels of anti‐HBs (a and w) were about 30–40% of the total anti‐HBs, and the proportion did not change significantly during the course of immunization. Cross‐protection against all HBV strains is thus also assured after intradermal administration of vaccine containing only one HBsAg subtype (adw).A skin reaction was elicited only in a small proportion of anti‐HBs‐positive individuals, and the reaction correlated roughly with the immune response.