bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the reaction of methyl 4‐nitrobenzenesul‐fonate + Br− in ethanol amine based surfactants
Authors: Mohareb Michael M. , Ghosh Kallol K. , Palepu Rama M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction of methyl 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonate + Br− ions has been studied in ethanol amine based (alkyldimethylethanolammonium bromide and alkyldiethylethanolammonium bromide) surfactant solutions. The observed first‐order rate constants increase monotonically with surfactant concentration, with hydrophobic chain length and with head group bulk in a manner similar to other quaternary ammonium surfactants. The results were analyzed using the pseudophase model of micellar rate effects in conjunction with a Langmuir form to describe micellar binding of bromide ion. An attempt to estimate activation parameters of the reaction from temperature variance of micellar pseudophase rate constants has also been made. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 303–308, 2006
Ab initio study of the OH + CH2O reaction: The effect of the OH··OCH2 complex on the H‐abstraction kinetics
Authors: Xu Shucheng , Zhu R. S. , Lin M. C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractKinetics for the reaction of OH radical with CH2O has been studied by single‐point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(3df, 2p) level based on the geometries optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df, 2p) and CCSD/6‐311++G(d,p) levels. The rate constant for the reaction has been computed in the temperature range 200–3000 K by variational transition state theory including the significant effect of the multiple reflections above the OH··OCH2 complex. The predicted results can be represented by the expressions k1 = 2.45 × 10‐21 T2.98 exp (1750/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1 (200–400 K) and 3.22 × 10‐18 T2.11 exp(849/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1 (400–3000 K) for the H‐abstraction process and k2 = 1.05 × 10‐17 T1.63 exp(−2156/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1 in the temperature range of 200–3000 K for the HO‐addition process producing the OCH2OH radical. The predicted total rate constants (k1 + k2) can reproduce closely the recommended kinetic data for OH + CH2O over the entire range of temperature studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 322–326, 2006
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Poly(butylene succinate) Reinforced by Trimellitic Imide Units
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Li Chuncheng , Zhang Dong , Xiao Yaonan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSummary: A series of high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate) copolyester containing rigid imide units were synthesized in this paper. The chemical structure and composition of the copolyesters were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was employed to determine the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique showed that the melting temperature (Tm) of the copolyester decreased slightly with the increment in trimellitic imide unit content. When the imide unit content was increased to 6.3 mol‐%, it had an elongation at break of 510% (83% higher than that of PBS) and a tensile strength of 37 MPa (7% higher than that of PBS). The changes in mechanical properties of the copolyester might be owed to the compositive effects of spherulitic morphology and imide units.FT‐IR spectra of PBS and PBST.magnified imageFT‐IR spectra of PBS and PBST.
International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self‐completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson's disease: The NMSQuest study
Authors: Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Schapira Anthony H.V. , Stocchi Fabrizio , Sethi Kapil , Odin Per , Brown Richard G. , Koller William , Barone Paolo , MacPhee Graeme , Kelly Linda , Rabey Martin , MacMahon Doug , Thomas Sue , Ondo William , Rye David , Forbes Alison , Tluk Susanne , Dhawan Vandana , Bowron Annette , Williams Adrian J. , Olanow Charles W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well recognized in clinical practice, either in primary or in secondary care, and are frequently missed during routine consultations. There is no single instrument (questionnaire or scale) that enables a comprehensive assessment of the range of NMS in PD both for the identification of problems and for the measurement of outcome. Against this background, a multidisciplinary group of experts, including patient group representatives, has developed an NMS screening questionnaire comprising 30 items. This instrument does not provide an overall score of disability and is not a graded or rating instrument. Instead, it is a screening tool designed to draw attention to the presence of NMS and initiate further investigation. In this article, we present the results from an international pilot study assessing feasibility, validity, and acceptability of a nonmotor questionnaire (NMSQuest). Data from 123 PD patients and 96 controls were analyzed. NMS were highly significantly more prevalent in PD compared to controls (PD NMS, median = 9.0, mean = 9.5 vs. control NMS, median = 5.5, mean = 4.0; Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and t test, P < 0.0001), with PD patients reporting at least 10 different NMS on average per patient. In PD, NMS were highly significantly more prevalent across all disease stages and the number of symptoms correlated significantly with advancing disease and duration of disease. Furthermore, frequently, problems such as diplopia, dribbling, apathy, blues, taste and smell problems were never previously disclosed to the health professionals. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Mechanisms underlying mirror movements in Parkinson's disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Cincotta Massimo , Borgheresi Alessandra , Balestrieri Fabrizio , Giovannelli Fabio , Ragazzoni Aldo , Vanni Paola , Benvenuti Francesco , Zaccara Gaetano , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe neural mechanisms underlying unintended mirror movements (MMs) of one hand during unimanual movements of the other hand in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unexplored. Here we used surface electromyographic (EMG) analysis and focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the pathophysiological substrate of MMs in four PD patients. Surface EMG was recorded from both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles. Cross‐correlation EMG analysis revealed no common motor drive to the two APBs during intended unimanual tasks. Focal TMS of either primary motor cortex (M1) elicited normal motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) in the contralateral APB, whereas MEPs were not seen in the ipsilateral hand. During either mirror or voluntary APB contraction, focal TMS of the contralateral M1 produced a long‐lasting silent period (SP), whereas stimulation of the ipsilateral M1 produced a short‐lasting SP. During either mirror or voluntary finger tapping, 5 Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) of the contralateral M1 disrupted EMG activity in the target FDI, whereas the effects of rTMS of the ipsilateral M1 were by far slighter. During either mirror or voluntary APB contraction, paired‐pulse TMS showed a reduction of short‐interval intracortical inhibition in the contralateral M1. These findings provide converging evidence that, in PD, MMs do not depend on unmasking of ipsilateral projections but are explained by motor output along the crossed corticospinal projection from the mirror M1. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Homozygous and heterozygous PINK1 mutations: Considerations for diagnosis and care of Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Zadikoff Cindy , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Djarmati Ana , Sato Christine , Salehi‐Rad Shabnam , St. George‐Hyslop Peter , Klein Christine , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe first mutations described in PINK1 were homozygous. More recently, heterozygous mutations have been reported but the role of heterozygosity in disease pathogenesis is still debated. We describe two unrelated cases with PINK1 mutations (homozygous nonsense and heterozygous missense) that highlight issues regarding the role of heterozygous mutations and the utility of genetic screening in patient care. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Junior occupational therapists' continuity of employment: what influences success?
Authors: Rugg Sue 
Published: March 2006

AbstractConsiderable time, effort and expense are spent on educating occupational therapists for practice, yet little is known about the factors influencing the success of this process. This article details a study that investigated the influence of selected personal and environmental variables on British occupational therapists' continuity of employment one year post‐qualification. Data were gathered using purpose‐designed questionnaires and a semi‐structured interview. The results linked respondents' retention in practice to issues of support, resources, success with clients, job satisfaction and the extent to which work matched their personal values. Respondents' withdrawal from practice was linked to issues of support, autonomy and a perceived discrepancy between their expected and actual practice. Their level of perceived responsibility was also cited as influential. These findings provide fuel for discussion and the opportunity to make recommendations for future occupational therapy policy, education and practice. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Movement dynamics and occupational embeddedness in a grasping and placing task
Authors: Rice Martin S. , Alaimo Alison J. , Cook Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe investigators examined the movement dynamics of 39 female participants aged 22–52 years during a grasping and placing task with objects having varying levels of occupational embeddedness. The occupationally embedded (OE) condition involved labelled soup cans, the limited occupationally embedded (LOE) condition used unlabelled soup cans, and the non‐occupationally embedded (NOE) condition used modelling clay having the same mass and relative size as the cans. The task involved grasping and placing the objects from a designated countertop location to a designated location on a cupboard shelf, with each condition involving three trials. It was hypothesized that the OE condition would yield the most efficient movement compared with the LOE condition, followed by the NOE condition. Data were collected using an electric goniometer placed on the participant's right elbow. Significance was found between the LOE and NOE conditions with angular displacement (p<0.05) and in the OE and NOE conditions with movement units (p<0.05). A limitation of the study was that there was little time between trials. This may have influenced participant performance on subsequent trials. In addition, the investigators were not blind to the hypotheses and could have inadvertently influenced the participant during data collection. Clinical implications include the importance of structuring the occupational forms to be as relevant to the occupation as possible. Future research is needed to examine the influence of contextual relevancy on occupational performance. Additionally, this line of research needs to be extended to special populations. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Goal, intervention and outcome of occupational therapy in individuals with psychoses. Content analysis through a chart review
Authors: Ivarsson Ann‐Britt , Söderback Ingrid , Stein Franklin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to analyse the content of occupational therapy records documenting treatment for individuals with psychoses. A retrospective content analysis of occupational therapy records regarding treatment goals, interventions and outcome was undertaken using a coding scheme, the Template of Occupational Therapy (TOT). Twenty‐five occupational therapists chosen at random contributed 64 occupational therapy records, generating 2992 statements. The patients' disorders and functional and activity limitations (n=1723) were comprehensively described. Ability to manage self‐care and the home environment, and to engage in a daily occupation, emerged as the prominent treatment goals. The content of the occupational therapy interventions was characterized by descriptions of a wide range of activities, which were used as therapeutic resources. The occupational therapist had a client‐centred approach, combining the use of the current activity with the use of herself/himself as a resource. A few statements in the records were interpreted as relating to outcomes of treatment for this patient group. Statements related to outcome were the patients' self‐reports and how they were able to manage activities of daily living. This retrospective study was found to be a useful conceptual model for designing studies of evidence‐based occupational therapy in mental health. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Effectiveness of using a computer to improve attention to visual analysis activities of five preschool children with disabilities
Authors: Cardona Maria Del Pilar , Martinez Alba Lucia , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study used a single‐subject reversal research design to examine the effectiveness of using a computer to improve attention to visual analysis activities in five preschool children with disabilities in a special education programme. Baseline levels of attention to task behaviours were measured during the performance of fine motor tabletop visual analysis activities of matching, requiring shape recognition, counting, free drawing, and size and colour discrimination. During the intervention phase, computer‐based visual analysis activities were introduced. Results suggest that each child's attention to task performance improved during the computer‐based activities, when measured by the number of distractions, although sitting tolerance and visual attention to the task did not change. The findings of this study, although limited to five participants with developmental disabilities, suggest that the students were interested and motivated to engage in computer‐based activities. More research is needed to examine a longer intervention phase and the effectiveness of computer‐based intervention in natural settings such as a classroom. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Evaluating motivational deficits in individuals with mental illness: the Chinese General Causality Orientations Scale
Authors: Wu Chin‐Yu , Hwang Mann‐Tsong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe study examined the adequacy of the Chinese version of the General Causality Orientations Scale in measuring motivational deficits among clients with mental illness. The scale was part of a motivational frame of reference designed to evaluate and resolve motivational deficits. The study was carried out in Taiwan, and data were collected at multiple psychiatric facilities. Based on a sample of 353 participants, the translated version was found to be internally consistent and valid. To make the scale more suitable for clinical use, a mixed category was added to the three previously suggested typological categories. It is concluded that the scale can be used in this patient population. Further research is needed to investigate temporal stability and other validity traits of the scale. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Development of a personal, professional and educational occupational philosophy: an Australian perspective
Authors: Wilcock Ann A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupational science, the study of people as occupational beings, provides the impetus to review occupational therapy practice and education in a new light. In this article personal reflections grounded in Australasian experience suggest the benefits of developing simple but generic personal, professional and educational philosophies which are complementary to one another and founded on the notion of ‘occupation for health’. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Occupational science: a renaissance of service to humankind through knowledge
Authors: Yerxa Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe context for the development of occupational science, the study of the human as an occupational being, included the worldwide increase in the population of people with chronic impairments, decreased resources for people with handicaps, growth in the complexity of daily life and the global maturation of the profession of occupational therapy. Occupational science promises that occupational therapists will define the knowledge base of the profession and its appropriate scope of practice through scholarly work. Occupational scientists need to develop a fresh synthesis of ideas from those scholarly disciplines that view the human as a complex being who interacts with the environment by using occupation over the three time spans of evolution, human development and learning; occupation as agency; and viewing the person served as Homo occupacio, a dynamic, open human system. The occupational human engages in daily life through development of a repertoire of skills which adheres to the rules of culture. Such study will need to include the contexts in which people carry out their rounds of occupation. The ‘detective work’ of occupational scientists, contributing to but not bound by the immediate demands of occupational therapy practice, will be guided by the values and traditions of the field to ensure its relevance and ethical foundation. The most important tool of the world community of occupational therapists will be the mind of the occupational therapist, who, through knowledge of occupation, will foster human capability and influence health. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Philosophy, science and ideology: a proposed relationship for occupational science and occupational therapy
Authors: Blanche Erna Imperatore , Henny‐Kohler Enrique 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper explores the interaction between the philosophy of occupational therapy, the science of occupation and the regional ideology of a specific geographical area, and proposes two models to depict the relationship. One model focuses on the interaction between daily occupational therapy practice in a specific geographical region and the international influences on that practice. The international influences include the effect of occupational science. The second model focuses on the relationship between the philosophy of occupational therapy, occupational science and regional ideology. It concludes by showing the importance of developing a global identity through the importation of knowledge from evolving sciences in industrialized countries at the same time as basic and applied knowledge is developed in the scientific community of a geographic region. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Occupational science: updating the United Kingdom journey of discovery
Authors: Mounter Catherine R. , Ilott Irene 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe metaphor of a journey is used to describe the incremental influence of occupational science in the UK. A historical perspective is taken to identify and discuss key concepts and issues. Subjective bias and methodological flaws are acknowledged. Discussion for future directions is contained within contextual orientation. Ongoing debate is invited and encouraged. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Affective experiences during daily occupations: measurement and results
Authors: Lo Jin‐Ling , Huang Sheau‐Ling 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupation is the medium of occupational therapy. It is believed that people maintain a rhythmic balance of life through participation in daily occupation. In this study, the affective experiences of 60 subjects during daily occupations were measured using a diary‐log recording which had acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. It was found that a week's daily occupational affective experiences were stable over two months, with no significant difference between males and females. The content or orchestration of daily occupations might affect the pattern of affective experiences during a week. Happy and unhappy experiences during daily occupations were negatively correlated. The implications for occupational therapy are discussed. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A pilot survey of animal‐facilitated therapy in Southern California and South Dakota nursing homes
Authors: Darrah Joseph P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the current uses of animal‐facilitated therapy (AFT), in nursing facilities located in Southern California and South Dakota. A mail questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 105 California and 45 South Dakota nursing facility administrators. Selection criteria for Southern California nursing facilities included a geographical location south of 36 degrees latitude, and listing of pet therapy as a facility activity in the Directory of Nursing Homes (1993). South Dakota nursing facilities were randomly selected. A total of 56 nursing facility administrators from South Dakota and California completed the survey resulting in a 40% return rate.The study supported previous research indicating the multiple benefits of AFT. Both California and South Dakota nursing facility administrators identified sensory stimulation, facilitation of resident social interaction, stress reduction, and companionship as the top four therapeutic purposes for using pets and animals in the nursing home. Administrators also identified patient‐therapist interaction, increasing muscle strength and ROM, pain management, reduction of blood pressure and heart rate, increasing responsibility, self‐esteem, and patient independence as therapeutic benefits of pet therapy.Further research is needed in the field of pet therapy to demonstrate the efficacy of AFT. In addition, occupational therapists should become more involved with the use of AFT for treatment purposes. It has been demonstrated that pet therapy can be used with a variety of diagnoses and conditions and for implementing therapeutic goals. It is recommended that occupational therapists participate in research on pet therapy and consider its use in nursing homes with older patients. It is also recommended that the use of pets in therapy be incorporated into occupational therapy curricula. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Cognitive impairments in clients with dual diagnosis (chronic psychotic disorders and substance abuse): considerations for treatment
Authors: Harrison Terri S. , Precin Pat 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess a broad range of cognitive functioning in a dual diagnosis sample (individuals with a chronic psychotic disorder and substance abuse/dependence) and offer recommendations for programme design and treatment interventions. The Neurobehavioural Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) was administered to twenty‐seven subjects. Statistical comparisons with a normative and psychiatric sample were conducted. The results revealed that two‐thirds of the sample demonstrated cognitive impairments as measured by the NCSE, with 37% scoring in the impaired range on three or more of the ten subtests. Great variability between subjects was recorded. Deficits at the p<0.05 level were recorded for seven of the ten subtests in the young group, and for two of the ten subtests for the old group as compared to a normal population. For both age groups memory and judgement were the most statistically deficient. This study supports assessment of cognitive status for dual diagnosis clients, in order to offer treatment appropriate to varied levels of intellectual functioning and suggest a number of treatment options. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.