bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transition between ‘orogenic’ and ‘anorogenic’ magmatism in the western Mediterranean area: the Middle Miocene volcanic rocks of Isola del Toro (SW Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Lustrino Michele , Morra Vincenzo , Fedele Lorenzo , Serracino Marcello 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Isola del Toro is a small island (∼1 km2) about 5 nautical miles SW of Sardinia entirely made up of mildly alkaline sodic evolved rocks (benmoreites and trachytes) related to each other by fractionation processes. 40Ar/39Ar dating of an anorthoclase mineral separate from a trachyte gave an age of 11.83 ± 0.10 Ma. This age estimate falls within an interval previously considered a‐magmatic in Sardinia. The results of this study shift the beginning of the Middle Miocene–Quaternary anorogenic volcanism of Sardinia back to the Late Serravalian. The transition between orogenic and anorogenic activity in Sardinia is markedly different from that recorded in the rest of the circum‐Mediterranean area, where this transition is much more gradual, both in time and in terms of magma composition. On the other hand, the transition between orogenic and anorogenic magmatism in Sardinia is rather sharp and lacks hybrid compositions. The Isola del Toro volcanic rocks represent the first anorogenic products produced during the opening of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Proximal interleukin‐10 gene polymorphisms in Italian patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Beretta L. , Cappiello F. , Barili M. , Scorza R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) can favour the development of fibrosis by promoting a relative shift towards T helper 2 responses. Three single base pair substitutions in the 5′ flanking region of the IL‐10 gene (G/A −1082, C/T −819 and C/A −592) influence the amount of IL‐10 secreted in cell cultures: the GCC haplotype is associated with an increased production, while the ACC and the ATA haplotypes are associated with intermediate and decreased production. Accordingly, three phenotypes have been individuated: high producers (GCC+/GCC+), medium producers (GCC+/GCC−) and low producers (GCC−/GCC−). We hypothesised that IL‐10 haplotypes and genotypes are differently expressed in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with the limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) subset or the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset. One hundred and sixty‐one unrelated Italian patients with SSc and 94 controls have been included. Their DNA was extracted and stored before being analysed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers. The GCC haplotype is overrepresented in patients with SSc; subjects with dcSSc were the primary contributors to these results (dcSSc: 52.2% vs controls: 37.2%; χ2= 8.519, 2 d.f., corrected P= 0.04). In Scl70‐positive patients, the GCC haplotype increased the likelihood of presenting the dcSSc subset [χ2= 12.56, P < 0.0005; odds ratio (OR) = 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI95) = 1.69–9.08]; these results were confirmed at the phenotypic level (χ2= 11.67, 2 d.f., P= 0.003). In Scl70‐positve patients, the high‐producing phenotype was associated with poor survival, independently from disease subset and gender (hazard ratio = 9.9, CI95= 1.6–61.27, P < 0.05). The IL‐10 haplotype and genotype associated with high IL‐10 production may alter the susceptibility to SSc and/or its expression, increasing the prognostic value of other well‐known markers of disease severity.
Identification of acceptable HLA mismatches in immunized patients using single‐antigen‐expressing cell lines
Authors: Eijsink C. , Zoet Y. M. , Kardol M. J. , Witvliet M. D. , Claas F. H. J. , Mulder A. , Doxiadis I. I. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera of highly sensitized patients (HSP) contain complex human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, minimizing the chance to identify crossmatch‐negative donors. Expression of 3–6 HLA class I antigens on lymphocytes hampers identification of acceptable mismatches (AMs) by conventional screening (C‐SCR). The single‐antigen‐expressing cell line (SAL) concept circumvents this problem. As a proof of principle, 26 sera of sensitized patients were tested by flow cytometry for immunoglobulin G antibodies against 16 HLA‐A and ‐B SALs. Results were compared with C‐SCR. Mostly, SAL reactions confirmed presence/absence of HLA antibodies. While C‐SCR sometimes failed to provide unambiguous antibody specificity, we defined 24 new HLA antibody specificities with SALs and proposed 33 new AM by non‐reactivity with SALs. Thus, the SAL concept is useful for confirmation/identification of AM and will enhance transplantation of HSP.
Identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the cytotoxic compound glidobactin from a soil bacterium
Authors: Schellenberg Barbara , Bigler Laurent , Dudler Robert 
Published: March 2007

SummaryGlidobactins (syn. cepafungins) are a family of structurally related cytotoxic compounds that were isolated from the soil bacterial strain K481‐B101 (ATCC 53080; DSM 7029) originally assigned to Polyangium brachysporum and, independently, from an undefined species related to Burkholderia cepacia. Glidobactins are acylated tripeptide derivatives that contain a 12‐membered ring structure consisting of the two unique non‐proteinogenic amino acids erythro‐4‐hydroxy‐l‐lysine and 4(S)‐amino‐2(E)‐pentenoic acid. Here we report the cloning and functional analysis of a gene cluster (glbA–glbH) involved in glidobactin synthesis from K481‐B101, which according to its 16S rRNA sequence belongs to the Burkholderiales. The putative encoded proteins include a mixed non‐ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthetase whose structure and architecture allowed to build a biosynthetic pathway model explaining the biosynthesis of the unique peptide part of glidobactins. Intriguingly, among the more than 600 bacterial strains whose genome sequence is currently available, homologous gene clusters were found in Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causing agent of melioidosis, and in the insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens, strongly suggesting that these organisms are capable to synthesize compounds similar to glidobactins. In addition, a glb gene cluster that was inactivated by transposon‐mediated rearrangements was also present in Burkholderia mallei, a very close relative of B. pseudomallei and the causing agent of glanders in horse‐like animals.
Accelerating Refractive Rendering of Transparent Objects
Authors: Hui K. C. , Lee A. H. C. , Lai Y. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a technique is proposed for the rendering of transparent objects interactively using the method of refractive rendering. In the proposed technique, the refractive rendering algorithm is performed in two stages, namely the pre‐computation stage and the shading stage. In the pre‐computation stage, ray‐traced information, including directions and positions of rays, are generated by a ray tracing process and are stored in a set of ray lists. In the shading stage, these data are retrieved from the ray lists for computing the shading of an object. Using the proposed technique, photorealistic image of transparent objects and gemstones with various cuttings, material properties, lighting and background can be rendered interactively. By combining the refractive rendering technique with conventional shading techniques, jewelry and crystal designs can be rendered at a much higher speed comparing with conventional ray tracing techniques.
Bayesian Mixture Models for Complex High Dimensional Count Data in Phage Display Experiments
Authors: Ji Yuan , Yin Guosheng , Tsui Kam-Wah , Kolonin Mikhail G. , Sun Jessica , Arap Wadih , Pasqualini Renata , Do Kim-Anh 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPhage display is a biological process that is used to screen random peptide libraries for ligands that bind to a target of interest with high affinity. On the basis of a count data set from an innovative multistage phage display experiment, we propose a class of Bayesian mixture models to cluster peptide counts into three groups that exhibit different display patterns across stages. Among the three groups, the investigators are particularly interested in that with an ascending display pattern in the counts, which implies that the peptides are likely to bind to the target with strong affinity. We apply a Bayesian false discovery rate approach to identify the peptides with the strongest affinity within the group. A list of peptides is obtained, among which important ones with meaningful functions are further validated by biologists. To examine the performance of the Bayesian model, we conduct a simulation study and obtain desirable results.
The First German Novel about South Africa: Geschichte eines Hottentotten, von ihm selbst erzählt
Authors: Hale Frederick 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTAlthough Christian Ludwig Willebrand's anonymously published Geschichte eines Hottentotten, von ihm selbst erzählt (1773) was apparently the first German novel set in southern Africa, it has received virtually no scholarly attention. The present historically contextualised study examines Willebrand's dependence on earlier ‘Reiseliteratur’ about the Cape of Good Hope and its indigenous population, especially the German translation of Olfert Dapper's Naukeurige Beschrijving der Afrikaensche Gewesten. It also examines Willebrand's construction of the alterity of the Khoi Khoi people at the Cape of Good Hope vis‐à‐vis the Dutch and other European settlers there. It is suggested that prevailing theories of colonial discourse, with their presumption of a radical binarism of colonising peoples and their subalterns in colonialist texts, are invalid in this particular case.
The status of Hebrew in Friedrich Schlegel's Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier
Authors: Tzoref‐Ashkenazi Chen 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper asks why Friedrich Schlegel classified Hebrew and Arabic as ‘mechanical’, i.e. non inflectional, languages in his Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier rather than include them among the ‘organic’ languages of divine origin. The classification is puzzling because of the inflectional structure of Semitic languages and because a Catholic thinker would be more likely to argue for the divine origin of Hebrew. The paper argues that, contrary to the suggestions of several scholars, Schlegel's classification of Hebrew and Arabic did not result from anti‐Semitic motives. Schlegel relied on Johann David Michaelis's theory that case endings in Arabic were artificial. Schlegel concluded from this theory that all inflection in Semitic languages was artificial. The exclusion of Hebrew from the ‘organic’ languages served two important ideological purposes: 1) It supported the idea that the ancient Hebrews had remained isolated from the general degeneration of Oriental religion and philosophy and kept their monotheism pure: 2) The romantic concept of the organic as an integrated whole meant that ‘organic’ languages had to be a genetic group. Hebrew could not fit into this group, because it was not genetically related to Sanskrit.
‘Eine Art geistiger Wiedergutmachung’: Karl Otten's Anthologies of Jewish Writing Das leere Haus and Schofar
Authors: Dove Richard 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis article evaluates the role played by Karl Otten in the revival of literary Expressionism in post‐war Germany and more specifically his efforts to rescue the work of its Jewish exponents, many of whom had died in the Holocaust or the diaspora of exile. In the years 1957 to 1963, Otten edited no fewer than six anthologies, collecting and reintroducing long‐forgotten work by his Expressionist contemporaries. The anthologies Das leere Haus (1959) and Schofar (1962) were intended to exemplify the distinctive Jewish contribution to Expressionism, Otten describing them as an act of ‘geistige Wiedergutmachung’. The article discusses the textual selection and preparation of these anthologies, evaluating Otten's correspondence with the publishers Cotta, and with friends like Kurt Pinthus, in the light of the contemporary discourse regarding the Nazi past.
‘Zum Ruhme Englands’: The ‘Vorgeschichte’ of the Nazi Film Titanic
Authors: Strobl Gerwin 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis article examines the background to the Nazi film ‘Titanic’. Commissioned by the Propaganda Ministry in 1940, at the height of war with Britain, the film was able to draw on extensive German engagement with the fate of the ‘R.M.S. Titanic’, stretching back to the original newspaper reports of April 1912. The sinking of the ‘Titanic’ had made a deeper impression in Germany than in other European countries, perhaps because a substantial number of the victims were in fact German or had ties with Germany. The extent of the emotional engagement showed not only in the tone of the newspaper reporting but in the sheer range of tributes that appeared in Germany: newspapers apart, there were films, paintings, poems, novels, lectures or even children’s toys.The enduring interest in the ‘Titanic’ throughout the 1920s and 30s may explain the propagandists’ decision to exploit the topic for Nazi purposes. Widespread German unease about the apparent preference given to first‐class passengers during the rescue operation and rumours of financial improprieties surrounding the owners of the ‘Titanic’ made the topic especially attractive to the Nazis. Ultimately, however, the favourable German perceptions of ‘heroic British seamanship’ undermined the Nazi film and led Goebbels to restrict its release.
Klaus Mann's Die Sammlung: An Attempt at an International Journal
Authors: Von Lindeiner Karina 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTResearch on German exiles usually focuses on activities of refugees from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. Where it looks at international anti‐fascist cooperation, it mostly concentrates on politically motivated initiatives (for example the writers' congresses in 1934 and 1935, in Moscow and Paris respectively), or on the activities of a few central organisations, such as the PEN Club or the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom.This essay broadens the focus of exile research by arguing that Klaus Mann, with his journal Die Sammlung, attempted to achieve international anti‐fascist cooperation – cultural as well as political – an aspect that has so far been neglected even by researchers who focus particularly on Mann. The study fills this gap by investigating the international dimension of Die Sammlung. It shows that Mann intended to produce more than the ‘Dokumente einer ohnmächtigen Opposition’ (Hans‐Albrecht Walter) that exile journals usually formed. Instead, he aimed at providing an international platform for intellectuals from many countries, as well as a literary and political journal by and for German exiles. In this respect, Die Sammlung was not only a precursor of Mann's own 1940s English‐language journal Decision, but also a unique endeavour amongst the journals of German exile.
Home Truths: The Importance of the Uncanny for Patrick Süskind's Critique of the Enlightenment in Das Parfum
Authors: Woolley Jonathan 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis article attempts to show how Patrick Süskind's Das Parfum is pervaded by a sense of the uncanny, with both characters and reader experiencing an uneasiness that can be traced back to the familiar and its repression. While this experience can partly be explained by the categories outlined by Freud in his influential essay of 1919, ‘Das Unheimliche’, the article seeks to look beyond these by considering the uncanniness of the body and its metamorphosis in the novel. The article argues that Süskind's evocation of the uncanny does not merely add to the entertaining character of the novel, but also needs to be seen as an integral part of his critique of the Enlightenment.
‘Ehrlich, du lügst wie gedruckt’: Günter Grass's Autobiographical Confession and the Changing Territory of Germany's Memory Culture
Authors: Fuchs Anne 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the recent media‐fuelled controversy over Günter Grass's revelation that he served in the SS at the end of the Second World War. Analysing the different generational positions of the main actors in this debate, I argue that the controversy marks the end of the intellectual prominence of the Hitler Youth generation and a significant shift in German memory politics. The paper then analyses the key tropes that guide and justify Grass's confessional self‐enquiry. On the one hand, Grass makes autobiography the very site where Freudian deferral is enacted. The confession of an earlier omission thus becomes the very signature of autobiography. On the other hand, the narrative explores the fruitful traffic between biography and fiction, assigning the literary imagination a key role in the management of the past. While the narrative highlights the cultural productiveness of deferral, it also shows that fiction is ultimately an insufficient placeholder for the autobiographer's life story.
Neurological negligence claims in the NHS from 1995 to 2005
Authors: McNeill A. 
Published: March 2007

The objective of this study was to review available data on negligence claims for neurological disease treated by National Health Service (NHS) clinicians in England and Wales.The study design was a retrospective review of the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) database, which holds data on negligence claims against NHS clinicians from 1995 to 2005. This database was searched to retrieve abstracts of claims concerning neurological disease treated by clinicians of all specialities. Abstracts were systematically reviewed to extract the following information: speciality of clinician, pathology involved, misadventure, patient injury and value of claim. A complete data set was available for 559 cases. The chi‐squared test was used to investigate differences in negligence claims between neurologists/neurosurgeons and non‐specialists.The speciality most frequently cited was neurosurgery (241) followed by neurology (172). Non‐neurologists and non‐neurosurgeons were the defendant in 146 cases, predominantly general physicians (42), orthopaedic surgeons (39) and emergency physicians (33). The most common pathologies were intervertebral disc disease (27%), CNS tumours (21%), CNS infection (11%) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (9%). The most frequent misadventure was diagnostic error (44%). In 47% of cases major permanent injury (e.g. blindness, hemiplegia) resulted from the misadventure. The patient died in 17% of cases. The total cost for all closed claims was £37 million (2% of expenditure on claims for medical and surgical specialities over 1995 to 2005).This is the first systematic study of negligence claims for the treatment of neurological disorders in the UK. The prominence of diagnostic error highlights the need for early assessment by neurologists and prompt use of neuroimaging during the acute phase.
Expression of protein phosphatase 2A mutants and silencing of the regulatory Bα subunit induce a selective loss of acetylated and detyrosinated microtubules
Authors: Nunbhakdi‐Craig Viyada , Schuechner Stefan , Sontag Jean‐Marie , Montgomery Lisa , Pallas David C. , Juno Claudia , Mudrak Ingrid , Ogris Egon , Sontag Estelle 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCarboxymethylation and phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic C subunit are evolutionary conserved mechanisms that critically control PP2A holoenzyme assembly and substrate specificity. Down‐regulation of PP2A methylation and PP2A enzymes containing the Bα regulatory subunit occur in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we show that expressed wild‐type and methylation‐ (L309Δ) and phosphorylation‐ (T304D, T304A, Y307F, and Y307E) site mutants of PP2A C subunit differentially bind to B, B′, and B′′‐type regulatory subunits in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and neuro‐2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells. They also display distinct binding affinity for microtubules (MTs). Relative to controls, expression of the wild‐type, T304A and Y307F C subunits in N2a cells promotes the accumulation of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. However, expression of the Y307E, L309Δ, and T304D mutants, which are impaired in their ability to associate with the Bα subunit, induces their loss. Silencing of Bα subunit in N2a and NIH 3T3 cells is sufficient to induce a similar breakdown of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. It also confers increased sensitivity to nocodazole‐induced MT depolymerization. Our findings suggest that changes in intracellular PP2A subunit composition can modulate MT dynamics. They support the hypothesis that reduced amounts of neuronal Bα‐containing PP2A heterotrimers contribute to MT destabilization in Alzheimer’s disease.
The control of organic matter on microbially mediated iron reduction and arsenic release in shallow alluvial aquifers, Cambodia
Authors: ROWLAND H. A. L. , PEDERICK R. L. , POLYA D. A. , PANCOST R. D. , VAN DONGEN B. E. , GAULT A. G. , VAUGHAN D. J. , BRYANT C. , ANDERSON B. , LLOYD J. R. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTMicrobes may play a key role in the mobilization of arsenic present in elevated concentrations within the aquifers extensively exploited for irrigation and drinking water in West Bengal, Bangladesh, and in other regions of South‐East Asia. Microcosm experiments using Cambodian sediments (which are also representative of other similar reducing aquifers containing arsenic‐rich waters) show that arsenic release and iron reduction are microbially mediated and demonstrate that the type of organic matter present, not necessarily the total abundance of organic matter, is important in controlling the rate and magnitude of microbially mediated arsenic release from these aquifer sediments. The possible role of naturally occurring petroleum in stimulating this process is also demonstrated. In addition to acting as an electron donor, certain types of organic matter may accelerate arsenic release by acting as an electron shuttle, indicating a dual role for organic matter in the process. The results also suggest that the fine‐grained sediment regions of these aquifers are particularly vulnerable to accelerated arsenic release following the introduction of labile organic carbon.
Loss of stem cell regenerative capacity within aged niches
Authors: Carlson Morgan E. , Conboy Irina M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThis work uncovers novel mechanisms of aging within stem cell niches that are evolutionarily conserved between mice and humans and affect both embryonic and adult stem cells. Specifically, we have examined the effects of aged muscle and systemic niches on key molecular identifiers of regenerative potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and post‐natal muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Our results reveal that aged differentiated niches dominantly inhibit the expression of Oct4 in hESCs and Myf‐5 in activated satellite cells, and reduce proliferation and myogenic differentiation of both embryonic and tissue‐specific adult stem cells (ASCs). Therefore, despite their general neoorganogenesis potential, the ability of hESCs, and the more differentiated myogenic ASCs to contribute to tissue repair in the old will be greatly restricted due to the conserved inhibitory influence of aged differentiated niches. Significantly, this work establishes that hESC‐derived factors enhance the regenerative potential of both young and, importantly, aged muscle stem cells in vitro and in vivo; thus, suggesting that the regenerative outcome of stem cell‐based replacement therapies will be determined by a balance between negative influences of aged tissues on transplanted cells and positive effects of embryonic cells on the endogenous regenerative capacity. Comprehensively, this work points toward novel venues for in situ restoration of tissue repair in the old and identifies critical determinants of successful cell‐replacement therapies for aged degenerating organs.