bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotton Effect Induced in Optically Inactive Molecules and Molecular Complexes by Optically Active Environment. II. Acridine and Phenazine in Cellulose Diacetate Film
Authors: I’Haya Yasumasa J , Aoi Taka-aki , Sano Tatsuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ultraviolet absorption spectra and induced circular dichroism (ICD) of acridine and phenazine were measured in cellulose diacetate film. The induced Cotton effect corresponding to each absorption maxima of these systems appeared. From the correspondence between the maxima of ICD and the peaks of the resolved absorption spectra, it was found that the sign of ICD is negative in the region where the molecular long-axis polarized transition plays a part in the CD induction and it is positive in the region where short-axis polarized transition does. A mechanism of CD induction tentatively proposed is that a dye molecule is imprisoned in a cage formed by an assembly of the folded chains of cellulose diacetate and the Cotton effect is induced by an electrostatic interaction between electronic transition dipole moments of the dye and of the chromophores involved in the cellulose diacetate cage.
Structural Studies of Asymmetric Hydrogenation. IV. The Crystal Structures of [(R)-1-Cyanoethyl][(S)(−)-α-methylbenzylamine]bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III) at 293 K and 173 K
Authors: Ohashi Yuji , Sasada Yoshio , Takeuchi Seiji , Ohgo Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of [(R)-1-cyanoethyl][(S)(−)-α-methylbenzylamine]bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III) has been determined by X-ray analysis at 293 K and 173 K. The crystal is monoclinic; the space group is P21; Z=2, with a=8.665(2), b=13.485(3), c=9.584(3) Å and β=96.95(3)° at 293 K, and a=8.786(2), b=13.500(2), c=9.243(2) Å, and β=98.09(3)° at 173 K. The structures were deduced by the heavy-atom method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares technique to the final R values of 0.055 and 0.038 for 1940 and 1948 observed reflections at 293 K and 173 K respectively. The bis (dimethylglyoximato)cobalt moiety is twisted around its long axis because of the steric repulsion from the (R)-1-cyanoethyl group and the optically active amine. The degree of the twist is the same as that observed in the structure of [(R)-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl] [(R)(+)-α-methylbenzylamine]bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III). The conformation of the amine ligand was ascertained to be influenced by the substituted alkyl group through the bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt moiety.
Dielectric Study of Aliphatic Esters in Cyclohexane Solutions at the Frequency of 100 GHz
Authors: Kano Yoshikazu , Minami Ryuichi , Takahashi Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole relaxation mechanism of carboxylic esters has been studied through the dielectric measurements of seventeen aliphatic esters in cyclohexane solution at 25 °C. The dielectric relaxation times obtained in this experiment are compared with those obtained for a number of rigid molecules under the same conditions. This result indicates that the dipole relaxation process of these esters RC*OOR′ is dominated by intramolecular rotation around the C–C bonds and/or the O–C bond rather than that around the C*–O bond.
Catalytic Properties of Iron Oxide. III. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Butenes over Iron Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Misono Makoto , Sakata Kanji , Ueda Fumio , Nozawa Yasuaki , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxidative dehydrogenation of butenes was investigated by use of a flow reactor over three iron oxide catalysts having different structures, i.e., α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4, which were prepared in situ by controlled reduction and reoxidation with a pulse method. Under the working conditions of catalytic oxidation, the structures of α- and γ-Fe2O3 remained unchanged, while Fe3O4 was oxidized to γ-Fe2O3, the oxidation state of iron being Fe(III) in all of three iron oxide catalyst. These results are consistent with the kinetics that the reaction was of zeroth order in the partial pressure of oxygen and of nearly first order in the butene partial pressure. γ-Fe2O3, as well as γ-Fe2O3 formed from Fe3O4 under the catalytic conditions, was very active and selective for the reaction, as expected from the results obtained previously with a pulse reactor. It was concluded from the following facts that the oxygen species responsible for this reaction is lattice oxygen of γ-Fe2O3 and that the reaction proceeds by the redox cycles of γ-Fe2O3\ightleftharpoonsγ-Fe2O3−x. i) Reactivity of γ-iron oxide surface in the stoichiometric oxidation of butenes to butadiene did not change, when the surface oxygen was stepwisely removed by CO-pulses from γ-Fe2O3 to γ-Fe2O2.8. ii) Formation of butadiene from a butene pulse was little affected by whether butenes were pulsed with oxygen or not.
Effect of pH on Brdicka Currents Produced by Cytochrome c
Authors: Ikeda Tokuji , Yamane Yoshiyuki , Kinoshita Hideaki , Senda Mitsugi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Effect of pH and buffer concentrations on Brdicka currents produced by horse heart cytochrome c was investigated in the presence of hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride in ammonia, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N,N-dimethylglycine, borate, and carbonate buffer solutions at pH varying between 8.2 and 10.7. The Brdicka current-activity of the protein varied with pH and the kind and concentration of buffers, but, if corrected for the effect of the buffer salts, showed a sigmoidal pH-dependence. The pH-dependence was interpreted as due to the protonic dissociation of Lys-79 of the protein. Brdicka currents of the protein were observed also in unbuffered solutions containing no proton donor except water. The current intensity was explained by taking into account the change of pH at electrode surface. The results indicate that a main proton donor in the Brdicka reaction is a water molecule.
Preparation and Stereochemistry of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Tetramines Derived from 1-(2-Pyridyl)ethylamine
Authors: Suzuki Toshishige M , Kimura Tetsuo , Fujita Junnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The optically active ligands, (2S,7S)-2,7-di(2-pyridyl)-3,6-diazaoctane (S,S-peaen) and (2R,8R)-2,8-di(2-pyridyl)-3,7-diazanonane (R,R-peatn) have been prepared. The dichlorocobalt(III) complexes of these ligands have been prepared and several isomers isolated. The ligand, S,S-peaen yielded one cis-α and two types of cis-β isomers, while the R,R-peatn gave only one cis-β isomer. Oxalato and dinitro derivatives of the R,R-peatn complexes have been isolated and characterized and the stereochemistry of the isolated complexes discussed.
The Kinetics of the Thermal Deammonation of [RhX(NH3)5]X2 in the Solid State
Authors: Kohata Susumu , Kawaguchi Hitoshi , Itoh Noriko , Ohyoshi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The isothermal kinetics of the substitution reaction of an ammonia with an outer-sphere anion was studied in the solid state; [RhX(NH3)5]X2(s)→[RhX2(NH3)4]X(s)+NH3(g) (X=Cl, Br, I). The kinetic parameters provided some evidence for a dissociative mechanism.
Syntheses and Electronic Spectra of 4,4′-Diacetyl-2,2′-isopropylidenedi-8-quinolinol, Its Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Chelates
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshinori , Shibahara Kunio , Takei Shinsuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title nickel chelate, which has a planar four-coordinated form, gave an intense new band, no corresponding band of which was observed with the other chelates, at the position between the first and second π-π* bands. The spectra were compared with those of the corresponding compounds free from the acetyl group.
Structure Determination of the Fluorescent Base from Geotrichum candidum Phenylalanine tRNA
Authors: Mochizuki Akihiko , Omata Yoshiaki , Miyazawa Yuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical structure of the fluorescent base purified from Geotrichum candidum phenylalanine tRNA was determined as peroxywybutine by the use of MS, UV, and NMR measurements.
Synthesis of Cyclopentadecanone by Ring Contraction of Cyclohexadecanone
Authors: Kato Tetsuya , Kondo Hisao , Miyake Akihisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclopentadecanone has been synthesized from cyclohexadecanone. 2,2,15-Tribromocyclohexadecanone, upon treatment with sodium methoxide, underwent the Favorskii rearrangement via methyl 2-bromo-1-cyclopentadecene-1-carboxylate to produce a mixture of methyl 2-methoxy-1-cyclopentadecene-1-carboxylate, methyl 2-methoxy-2-cyclopentadecene-1-carboxylate, and methyl 2,2-dimethoxycyclopentadecane-1-carboxylate which was converted into cyclopentadecanone.
Synthesis of 5,7-Dihydroxy-2′,4′,5′-trimethoxyisoflavone and Its 7-Methyl Ether (Robustigenin)
Authors: Nakayama Mitsuru , Ohira Susumu , Matsui Takanao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The treatment of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-2′,4′,5′-trimethoxydeoxybenzoin with benzyl chloride gave a dibenzyl ether. The condensation of the ether with ethyl formate, followed by the debenzylation of the resulting isoflavone, afforded 5,7-dihydroxy-2′,4′,5′-trimethoxyisoflavone, which was then converted into a pentamethoxyisoflavone. The partial demethylation of the pentamethoxyisoflavone gave 5-hydroxy-2′,4′,5′,7-tetramethoxyisoflavone, which was identical with natural robustigenin.
Correlation NMR Spectroscopy with a Water Signal Subtracting System
Authors: Akutsu Hideo , Kyogoku Yoshimasa , Kagawa Isao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A modified correlation NMR method which includes the baseline correction systems in both hard- and softwares has been developed. By applying this method the proton signals of cytochrome b5 and adenosine 5′-monophosphate at low concentration in H2O solutions were obtained.
A Polarographic Rate Study on the Acid Hydrolysis of Several Halogeno Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Yamada Akifumi , Yoshikuni Tadatsugu , Kato Yoshikiyo , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A polarographic rate study of the acid hydrolysis of [CoX(NH3)5]2+- and trans-[CoX2(N)4]+-type complexes (X=Cl− and Br−; (N)4=(NH3)4, (ethylenediamine)2, (propylenediamine)2 and (1,2-cyclohexanediamine)2) has been carried out in 0.1 M acetate buffer solutions. These complexes gave two polarographic waves; the first wave corresponds to the reduction of Co(III) to Co(II) and the second one, to the reduction of Co(II) to Co(0). The relation between the current and the time of the first wave in a positive potential was dependent on the dissolution wave caused by halogenide ions produced by acid hydrolysis and also on the parallel ECE mechanism. The acid-hydrolysis rate of tervalent cobalt complexes was determined from the variation in the current of the first wave. The rates are: 1.31×10−6 s−1 for [CoCl(NH3)5](NO3)2, 6.25×10−4 s−1 for trans-[CoCl2(NH3)4]ClO4, 3.20×10−5 s−1 for trans-[CoCl2(en)2]NO3, 4.28×10−5 s-1 for trans-[CoCl2(pn)2]ClO4, 1.53×10−4 s−1 for trans-[CoCl2(chxn)2]ClO4·H2O, 5.80×10−6 s−1 for [CoBr(NH3)5](NO3)2, 4.19×10−3 s−1 for trans-[CoBr2(NH3)4]ClO4, 1.51×10−4 s−1 for trans-[CoBr2(en)2]NO3, 3.30×10−4 s−1 for trans-[CoBr2(pn)2]ClO4·0.5H2O and 5.10×10−4 s−1 for trans-[CoBr2(chxn)2]NO3 at 25 °C and an ionic strength of 0.1.
Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction of Ferredoxin Adsorbed on Mercury Electrode Surface. Phase-selective A. c. Polarography at DME
Authors: Kakutani Tadaaki , Toriyama Kazunobu , Ikeda Tokuji , Senda Mitsugi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin (Cl.Fd) was studied by a.c. polarography with the dropping mercury electrode. The a.c. polarograms observed in acidic media (pH&lt;7) were assigned to RSH/RSHg redox reaction of the cysteine residues of apoferredoxin, whereas those observed in basic media (pH&gt;8) were assigned to a two-step one-electron transfer (EE mechanism) to the iron-sulfur clusters of Cl.Fd adsorbed on the mercury electrode surface ((Cl.Fd)ad). The a.c. polarographic behavior of (Cl.Fd)ad observed in basic media was interpreted by theory of a.c. polarography of a two-step surface redox reaction. The formal standard oxidation-reduction potential of (Cl.Fd)ad was determined to be −0.33 V vs. NHE at pH 7.0, and its pH dependence was −30 mV/pH between pH 8 and 10.
Syntheses and Magnetic Properties of Three Modifications of Dichloro[2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine N-oxide]copper(II)
Authors: Muto Yoneichiro , Tokii Tadashi , Nakashima Michio , Kato Michinobu , Jonassen Hans B 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three modifications of dichloro[2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine N-oxide]copper(II), CuCl2(2-CH2OH·pyo), were prepared and characterized by the temperature dependences of their magnetic susceptibilities and their IR spectra. The greenish-yellow modification shows ferromagnetic behavior (θ⁄K=+20), whereas both the yellow and deepgreen modifications exhibit a dimer type of antiferromagnetism (J/cm1=−585 and −565). The hemi adducts with the empirical formula of CuCl2(2-CH2OH·pyo)·1/2L, where L=C2H5OH and H2O, were also isolated. The structural assignments for the three modifications and the two adducts were made on the basis of the similarity of their magnetic and spectral properties to those of dimeric copper(II) pyridine N-oxide complexes, and the whole preparative scheme of these complexes was interpreted in terms of their structural features.
Stereochemical Nonrigidity of {Poly(1-pyrazolyl)borato}palladium(II) Complexes Containing a Metal–1-Alkenyl or –Alkyl Bond
Authors: Onishi Masayoshi , Hiraki Katsuma , Shironita Masaharu , Yamaguchi Yuzo , Nakagawa Shigeki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
New{poly(1-pyrazolyl)borato}palladium(II) complexes, [Pd{CH=CCl–CMe2(NMe2)–1-C,N}(BPz4)] (Pz=1-pyrazolyl) 1, [Pd{CH2CMe(OMe)–CH2S–t-Bu–1-C,S}(BPz3Y)] (Y=Pz or H), and [Pd{CH2CMe(OMe)–CH2NMe2–1-C,N}(BPz3Y)] were prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis and IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The stereochemical nonrigidity of these complexes was discussed on the basis of 1H-NMR data. The fluxional behavior of the BPz4 ligand in 1 was analyzed in detail by means of an approximate method based on the Bloch equation, and found to consist of three kinds of motions: inversion of the Pd—(N–N)2–B boat-type six-membered ring, rotation of the BPz4 ligand about the Pd-pyrazolyl nitrogen bond accompanying the inversion, and a tumbling process.
The Vibrational Fine Structure of the 1T1g←1A1g Absorption Band of [Co(NH3′)6]3+
Authors: Komi Yoshinori , Urushiyama Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal absorption spectra of [Co(NH3)6][Ir(CN)6] and [Co(ND3)6][Ir(CN)6] were studied at 4.2 K. The vibrational fine structure observed on the 1T1g←1A1g absorption band of the hexaamminecobalt(III) complexes was interpreted in terms of a vibronic intensity scheme in comparison with the vibrational frequencies of the complexes. The deuteration shifts helped to confirm the assignments of the structure. It was found that, as well as the skeletal vibrations of the CoN6 group, the NH3 (and ND3) rocking and the H–N–H symmetric deformation modes are effective in the vibronic intensity mechanism of the bands.
The X-Ray Study of Several Reaction Products of Substituted Benzodicyclobutene. I. 2,7-Di-t-butyl,11,11,12,12-tetracyano-4,5,9,10-tetraphenyltetracyclo[4.4.2.01,8.03,6]dodeca-2,4,7,9-tetraene
Authors: Tsukada Harumichi , Shimanouchi Hirotaka , Sasada Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As a part of the studies of the reaction mechanism of a substituted benzodicyclobutene (1), the X-ray analysis of the title compound was carried out. The crystals are monoclinic; space group P21/a, a=23.159(3), b=20.369(3), c=8.589(1) Å, β=104.27(1)°. The structure was solved by the direct method and was refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to the final R factor of 0.070 for 5553 observed reflections. In the molecular structure, there is a bridge-bond formed by the “cross” addition of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to the C(1) and C(6) sites of 1. The intermolecular interaction was calculated so as to make clear what kind of addition reaction is preferable for the molecule 1. The result is consistent with the observation that, in addition to the linear adduct, a cross adduct is also obtained as a by-product.
The Conformations and the Ring Inversions of Some 8- and 10-Methyl-substituted 8,9,10,11-Tetrahydro-7H-cycloocta[de]naphthalenes and Their 9-Oxo Derivatives
Authors: Kamada Toshihiro , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The IR and NMR studies on the conformations of several 8- and 10-methyl-substituted 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cycloocta[de]naphthalenes (cis-8,10-dimethyl (3a), trans-8,10-dimethyl (4a), 8,8-dimethyl (5a), 8,8,10-trimethyl (6a), and 8,8,10,10-tetramethyl (7a)) and their 9-oxo derivatives (3b–7b) have been described. It was found that compounds 3–7 exist exclusively in a boat conformation in the ground state, the peri ring of which is somewhat distorted (puckered) as a result of the steric repulsion between the interior benzyl protons; the molecules of 3a and 3b are rather strongly puckered, while those of 7a and 7b exist in a less puckered form than the conformations of the other methylated compounds. In the latter case, a novel type of the reflex effect was found arising from the 1,3-synaxial CH3–CH3 steric interaction and the interior benzyl H–H interaction. Moreover, it was revealed that free energy barriers (ΔG\ewq) to boat inversion for compounds 5a, 5b, 7a, and 7b are markedly increased (ΔΔG\ewq=4.8–5.9 kcal/mol) as compared with the unmethylated compounds. These results were discussed in terms of the boat-to-boat interconversion process in which the pseudorotations of the peri bonds are involved. Some discussion was also made on the spectral and conformational features of the eight-membered pericyclized naphthalene ring system.
Ion-Molecule Reactions of ArN2+ with Butane and Isobutane at Thermal Energy
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Matsumura Ken-ichi , Kouno Hiroyuki , Funatsu Tsuyoshi , Nishimura Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Product ion distributions and rate constants have been determined for thermal energy reactions of ArN2+ with n-C4H10 and i-C4H10 by using an ion-beam apparatus. C4H9+, C3Hn+ (n = 5—7), and C2Hn+ (n = 4,5) are produced from n-C4H10 with branching ratios of 6, 57, and 37%, while C4H9+ and C3Hn+ (n = 5—7) are formed from i-C4H10 with branching ratios of 13 and 87%, respectively. A comparison of the product ion distribution in the ArN2+/n-C4H10 reaction with that predicted from the fragmentation pattern of n-C4H10+ suggests that most of all fragment ions are formed through (pre)dissociation of precursor n-C4H10+ states at ca. 13.2 eV. Since this energy is close to the effective recombination energy of ArN2+ (ca. 13.5 eV), it is concluded that the ArN2+/n-C4H10 dissociative charge-transfer reaction proceeds through near-resonant n-C4H10+ states. The total rate constants are (6.9 ± 2.3) × 10−10 cm3 s−1 for n-C4H10 and (9.0 ± 2.6) × 10−10 cm3 s−1 for i-C4H10, which amount to 58 and 75% of the collision rate constants estimated from Langevin theory, respectively.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on the Structure of Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Di-2-pyridylamine in DMSO Solution
Authors: Nagao Noriharu , Mukaida Masao , Tachiyashiki Satoshi , Mizumachi Kunihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of [Ru(bpy)n(Hdpa)3−n]2+ (n = 0—2) have been carried out on the basis of proton–proton coupling constants, H–H COSY, C–H COSY, and the aromatic ring-current effects of the ligand. The observed aromatic ring-current shifts of the assigned 1H NMR signals were compared with the calculated ones by using a current-loop model. The flapping of the Hdpa ligands showed that the structures of [Ru(bpy)2(Hdpa)]2+, [Ru(bpy)(Hdpa)2]2+, and [Ru(Hdpa)3]2+ in solution have apparent C2, C2, and D3 symmetries, respectively.
Energy and Electron Transfer in Synthetic Oligoproline-BridgedPorphyrin Donor–Acceptor Molecules
Authors: Tamiaki Hitoshi , Nomura Kimiatsu , Maruyama Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oligo-l-proline-bridged bis(porphyrin) compounds were synthesized. The protected oligoprolines in ethanol might take a fairly stable helical conformation at an oligomerization number ≥4. An intramolecular singlet energy transfer occurred in ethanol from a photoexcited zinc porphyrin moiety in the N-terminal to a metal-free porphyrin moiety in the C-terminal at the same efficiency as from the zinc porphyrin moiety in the C-terminal to the metal-free porphyrin moiety in the N-terminal. A photoinduced electron transfer also occurred in ethanol from the zinc(II) porphyrin to the iron(III) porphyrin in the molecule, which was independent of the direction of the spacer as well as the energy transfer. A weak change in the intramolecular electron-transfer efficiency with the distance between the zinc and iron porphyrins suggested that electrons should move through the amide bonds in the oligoproline linkage.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: July 2006

The range of books reviewed is wide, covering theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems (no software is reviewed). In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. Publishers who wish to have their books reviewed should send them to Professor Benjamin Lev. We list the books received; not all books received can be reviewed because space is limited. Those who would like to review books are urged to send me their names, addresses, and specific areas of expertise. We commission all reviews and do not accept unsolicited book reviews. Readers are encouraged to suggest books that might be reviewed or to ask publishers to send me copies of such books. The authors or editors of the books reviewed in this issue are Massoud Bazargan, Kenneth N. McKay, Vincent C. S. Wiers, John A. Muckstadt, Joel A. Nachlas, Zhaohao Sun, and Gavin R. Finnie.
Social support and quality of life of patients prior to stem cell or bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Frick Eckhard , Ramm Gesa , Bumeder Irmgard , Schulz‐Kindermann Frank , Tyroller Michael , Fischer Norbert , Hasenbring Monika 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. To determine the positive and detrimental aspects of social support prior to allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation/stem cell transplantation.Design. Cross‐sectional.Methods. Patients completed the German version of the Illness‐specific Social Support Scale (ISSS) and the Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30).Results. Participants were 282 patients (62% autologous SCT, 39% women, 97% haematological malignancies, 72% with partner). We found satisfactory reliability values for both ISSS scales: positive support (Cronbach's α = .91) and problematic support (= .73). Patients living with a partner displayed higher scores in positive interaction than patients living alone (p <.001). Analysis showed a significant main effect of partnership, p <.001; F (1) = 8.345, and better scores for women, p <1; F (1) = 2.758. Furthermore, we determined a negative correlation between problematic interaction and emotional/social function (p <.001) and a positive correlation with insomnia, but no correlation between positive interaction, QLQ‐C30, and Karnofsky's index.Conclusions. We could distinguish between helpful and harmful support, and determine clinically important associations of problematic support. Partnership seems to be a major source of positive interaction.Abbreviations. HCT, Haematopoietic cell transplantation; HRQoL, Health related quality of life; ISSS, Illness‐specific Social Support Scale; QLQ‐C30, QoL Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC).