bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of day hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Fittig Eike , Jacobi Corinna , Backmund Herbert , Gerlinghoff Monika , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this observational study was to examine the short‐term effectiveness of a structured, largely manualised day hospital treatment, as well as the stability of short‐term effects in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Eighty‐three patients, 47 with AN and 36 with BN, were assessed at pre‐treatment, at the end of the day hospital treatment and at follow‐up approximately one year after post‐treatment. Outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), disturbed eating attitudes and behaviours assessed by the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), frequency of bingeing and purging, and general psychopathology assessed by the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90). At the end of the day hospital treatment, significant improvements could be found on all outcome variables (frequency of binge eating/vomiting/laxative abuse, BMI and core EDI‐subscales ‘drive for thinness’/‘bulimia’/‘body dissatisfaction’). Effect sizes were generally large (.74 > d < 2.44). The effects were maintained or improved until follow‐up (18 months). At follow‐up, 40.2% of AN patients and 40.4% of BN patients could be classified as remitted. General psychopathological impairment was also significantly reduced at post‐treatment and maintained until follow‐up. The results demonstrate both the short‐term effectiveness and long‐term stability of day hospital treatment in a large sample of patients with anorexia and BN. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Quantitative analysis of InSAR digital elevation models for identification of areas with different tectonic activities in southern Italy
Authors: Martino Claudio , Nico Giovanni , Schiattarella Marcello 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis work presents the results of a quantitative analysis of an interferometric SAR (InSAR) digital elevation model (DEM), obtained by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The analysis aims to identify additional parameters to recognize areas in southern Italy with different tectonic activities and behaviours. The axial zone of the Campania‐Lucania Apennine and the Sila Massif in Calabria, Italy, characterized by quite different evolutionary histories, have been chosen as test areas sufficiently wide to validate observations on a sub‐regional scale at least. Geomorphological information on the shape of palaeosurfaces has been used to estimate uplift and/or erosion amounts and rates. Palaeosurfaces are identified on the DEM as regions with an altitude higher than 1000 m a.s.l. and sub‐planar land surfaces dipping less than 6°. Information about the shape of palaeosurfaces during the first stage of uplift and before the tectonic‐induced block fragmentation has been extracted. A fragmentation index has been computed for these erosional surfaces. The first stage of this landscape evolution has been studied in terms of the geometric characteristics of fragmented blocks. The last erosional stage has been recognized in terms of both geometric characteristics and fragmentation index of the sub‐horizontal land surfaces. Altitude and age of the palaeosurfaces, referred to ancient base‐levels of the erosion, have been used to estimate the erosional rate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐market efficiency in the Indian derivatives market: A test of put–call parity
Authors: Vipul  
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study examines the cross‐market efficiency of the Indian options and futures market using model‐free tests. The put–call–futures and put–call–index parity conditions are tested for European style Nifty Index options. Thirty‐five‐month time‐stamped transactions data are used to identify mispricing. Frequent violations of both forms of put–call parity are observed. The restriction on short sales largely accounts for the put–call–index parity violations. There are numerous put–call–futures arbitrage profit opportunities even after accounting for transaction costs, which vanish quickly. Put options are overpriced more often than call options. The mispricing shows specific patterns with respect to time of the day, moneyness, volatility, and days to expiry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:889–910, 2008
Tick size reduction, execution costs, and informational efficiency in the regular and E‐mini Nasdaq‐100 index futures markets
Authors: Kurov Alexander 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOn April 2, 2006, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange reduced the minimum tick size of the floor‐traded and E‐mini Nasdaq‐100 futures from 0.5 to 0.25 index points. This study examines the effect of this change in the contract design on execution costs, informational efficiency, and price discovery. The results show a significant reduction in the effective spreads in both of the contract markets but especially in the electronically traded E‐mini futures. The paper also finds that the tick size reduction has improved price discovery and informational efficiency in the E‐mini futures market. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:871–888, 2008
The Fusiform Face Area responds automatically to statistical regularities optimal for face categorization
Authors: Caldara Roberto , Seghier Mohamed L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStatistical regularities pervade our perceptual world. Assuming that the human brain is tuned for satisfying the constraints of the visual environment, visual system computations should be optimized for processing such regularities. A socially relevant and highly recurrent homogenous pattern for which the brain has developed sensitivity is certainly the human face. Yet, for which statistical regularities the face sensitive regions are tuned for, and to what extent their detection occurs automatically is largely unexplored. Using fMRI we measured activations within the face sensitive areas for nonface symmetrical and asymmetrical curvilinear patterns with either more high‐contrast elements in the upper or in the lower part. Faceness evaluation performed outside of the scanner showed that these patterns were not perceived as schematic faces. Noticeably, symmetry violations disrupted perception of faceness, despite objective image similarity measures showing high faceness values for those patterns. Among the faces sensitive regions, only the right Fusiform Face Area (FFA) showed sensitivity to symmetry. This region showed also greater responses to patterns with more elements in the upper part. Critically, the FFA's responses were more strongly correlated with the physical objective faceness properties of the stimuli than the perceived subjective faceness ratings of the observers. These findings provide direct evidence that the neural computations of the right FFA are tuned to curvilinear symmetrical patterns with high‐contrasted elements in the upper part, which fit best with the physical structure of human faces. Such low‐level geometrical regularities might be used by the FFA to automatically categorize visual shapes as faces. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase II study of arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid for relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies: a Wisconsin Oncology Network study
Authors: Chang JE , Voorhees PM , Kolesar JM , Ahuja HG , Sanchez FA , Rodriguez GA , Kim K , Werndli J , Bailey HH , Kahl BS 
Published: July 2008

AbstractArsenic trioxide (As2O3) has established clinical activity in acute promyelocytic leukaemia and has pre‐clinical data suggesting activity in lymphoid malignancies. Cell death from As2O3 may be the result of oxidative stress. Agents which deplete intracellular glutathione, such as ascorbic acid (AA), may potentiate arsenic‐mediated apoptosis. This multi‐institution phase II study investigated a novel dosing schedule of As2O3 and AA in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies. Patients received As2O3 0.25 mg/kg IV and AA 1000 mg IV for five consecutive days during the first week of each cycle followed by twice weekly infusions during weeks 2–6. Cycles were repeated every 8 weeks. The primary end point was objective response. In a subset of patients, sequential levels of intracellular glutathione and measures of Bcl‐2 and Bax gene expression were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during treatment. Seventeen patients were enrolled between March 2002 and February 2004. The median age was 71, and the majority of enrolled patients had non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (12/17). Sixteen patients were evaluable, and one patient with mantle cell lymphoma achieved an unconfirmed complete response after five cycles of therapy for an overall response rate of 6%. The trial, which had been designed as a two‐stage study, was closed after the first stage analysis due to lack of activity. Haematologic toxicities were the most commonly reported events in this heavily pre‐treated population, and comprised the majority of grade 3 and 4 toxicities. Intracellular depletion of glutathione was not consistently observed during treatment. As2O3 and AA in this novel dosing strategy was generally well tolerated but had limited activity in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoid malignancies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic relations between effortful and attentional control and symptoms of psychopathology in middle childhood
Authors: Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Doelger Lisa , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: July 2008

AbstractElucidating the genetic and environmental aetiology of effortful control (mother and father reports at two time points), attentional control (observer reports), and their associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms (mother and father reports) is the central focus of this paper. With a sample of twins in middle childhood participating in the Wisconsin Twin Project, broad sense heritability for parental‐report effortful control ranged from 68% to 79%, with a slightly higher heritability estimate of 83% for observer report attentional control, and no influence of the shared environment on either trait. Further, measures of control were negatively correlated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms longitudinally, concurrently, and across reporters. Importantly, shared additive genetic influence accounted for the covariation between the control variables and symptoms of psychopathology. These results encourage identification of common genes that affect both effortful control and symptoms, and environmental triggers that uniquely influence symptoms of psychopathology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of fine‐grained temperament during infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood
Authors: Putnam Samuel P. , Rothbart Mary K. , Gartstein Maria A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLongitudinal continuity was investigated for fine‐grained and factor‐level aspects of temperament measured with the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire‐Revised (IBQ‐R), Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire (ECBQ), and Children's Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ). Considerable homotypic continuity was found. Convergent and discriminant validity of the measures was supported, as all fine‐grained dimensions exhibited stability across adjacent measurement periods, and all scales found on both the ECBQ and CBQ were most highly correlated with their equivalent scales. At the factor level, Surgency and Negative Affect factors were stable across all time points, and Effortful Control/Regulatory Capacity was stable across adjacent time periods. High‐Intensity Pleasure, Activity Level, and Impulsivity contributed strongly to continuity of Surgency, and Sadness, Frustration, and Falling Reactivity played strong roles in the continuity of Negative Affect. Heterotypic continuity was also found. High levels of Infant Surgency predicted high toddler Effortful Control, whereas high toddler Surgency predicted low Effortful Control in preschoolers. Infant Surgency dimensions especially predicted Toddler Attention Shifting and Low‐Intensity Pleasure, and toddler Activity Level was most closely associated with later deficits in Effortful Control. Inverse relations were also obtained between Negative Affect and Effortful Control, with substantial negative connections between toddler Negative Affect and preschool Attention Focusing and Inhibitory Control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity and regulation: the impact of Mary Rothbart on the study of temperament
Authors: Putnam Samuel P. , Stifter Cynthia A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThrough her theoretical and empirical work, Mary Rothbart has had a profound impact on the scientific understanding of infant and child temperament. This special issue honors her contributions through the presentations of original, contemporary studies relevant to three primary themes in Rothbart's conceptual approach: the expansive scope and empirically‐derived structure of temperament, the importance of considering developmental change, and the interplay of reactive and regulatory processes. In addition to summarizing these themes, this introductory article acknowledges the ways Mary has spurred progress in the field through methodological advances, institutional service, and pedagogy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fearful temperament and stress reactivity among preschool‐aged children
Authors: Talge Nicole M. , Donzella Bonny , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, we examined the relationship between physiological stress reactivity and temperamental fearfulness in 162 preschool‐aged children. Both the autonomic and neuroendocrine arms of the mammalian stress system were examined. Larger stress responses were defined as greater sympathetic activation, parasympathetic withdrawal and cortisol increases to stressor tasks. Fearful temperament was examined using parent report and behaviour in response to fear‐evocative laboratory tasks. There was little evidence that larger sympathetic activation or parasympathetic withdrawal was associated with fearful temperament. Greater cortisol reactivity, however, was associated with fearful temperament. Additional analyses examined those children who were consistently fearful across all measures, and the results remained largely the same. However, there was some suggestion that consistently fearful compared with non‐fearful children might be more likely to exhibit sympathetic activation to the fear‐evocative stimuli. These findings provide support for the argument that fearful temperament is associated with greater stress reactivity in young children. Nonetheless, the size of the associations was small and future studies will need to determine whether reactivity of stress‐sensitive physiological systems contributes to the development of individual differences in fearful temperament or merely reflects these differences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo performance of simvastatin‐loaded electrospun spiral‐wound polycaprolactone scaffolds in reconstruction of cranial bone defects in the rat model
Authors: Pişkin Erhan , İşoğlu İ. Alper , Bölgen Nimet , Vargel İbrahim , Griffiths Sarah , Çavuşoğlu Tarık , Korkusuz Petek , Güzel Elif , Cartmell Sarah 
Published: July 2008

AbstractReconstruction of large bone defects is still a major problem. Tissue‐engineering approaches have become a focus in regeneration of bone. In particular, critical‐sized defects do not ossify spontaneously. The use of electrospinning is attracting increasing attention in the preparation of tissue‐engineering scaffolds. Recently, acellular scaffolds carrying bioactive agents have been used as scaffolds in “in situ” tissue engineering for soft and hard tissue repair. Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) with two different molecular weights were synthesized, and the blends of these two were electrospun into nonwoven membranes composed of nanofibers/micropores. To stimulate bone formation, an active drug, “simvastatin” was loaded either after the membranes were formed or during electrospinning. The matrices were then spiral‐wound to produce scaffolds with 3D‐structures having both macro‐ and microchannels. Eight‐millimeter diameter critical size cranial defects were created in rats. Scaffolds with or without simvastatin were then implanted into these defects. Samples from the implant sites were removed after 1, 3, and 6 months postimplantation. Bone regeneration and tissue response were followed by X‐ray microcomputed tomography and histological analysis. These in vivo results exhibited osseous tissue integration within the implant and mineralized bone restoration of the calvarium. Both microCT and histological data clearly demonstrated that the more successful results were observed with the “simvastatin‐containing PCL scaffolds,” in which simvastatin was incorporated into the PCL scaffolds during electrospinning. For these samples, bone mineralization was quite significant when compared with the other groups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effect of head surface roughness and sterilization on wear of UHMWPE acetabular cups
Authors: Jedenmalm A. , Affatato S. , Taddei P. , Leardini W. , Gedde U.W. , Fagnano C. , Viceconti M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe impact of femoral head surface roughness on wear of γ‐irradiation sterilized (3 MRad in nitrogen, crosslinked) and nonsterilized (not crosslinked) UHMWPE acetabular cups has been evaluated. Gravimetric wear testing was performed in a hip joint simulator for 2 × 106 cycles. CoCrMo heads were used with different surface roughness (Ra = 15 nm and Ra = 400 nm). The surface roughness after wear test was unchanged for the roughened heads, whereas the initially smooth heads showed a few scratches. The roughened heads increased the wear of the acetabular cups 2‐fold. The γ‐irradiated cups tested against rough heads underwent the highest wear. The absorption of water was highest for the γ‐irradiated cups (0.0204% compared to 0.0031% after 85 days). Raman spectroscopy showed small but significant crystallinity changes in the wear zone, where the γ‐irradiated cups with the most extensive abrasion increased in crystallinity, whereas the nonsterilized cups underwent a crystallinity decrease. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Preparation, characterization,in‐vitrodrug release and cellular uptake of poly(caprolactone) grafted dextran copolymeric nanoparticles loaded with anticancer drug
Authors: Prabu P. , Chaudhari Atul A. , Dharmaraj N. , Khil M. S. , Park S. Y. , Kim H. Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBiodegradable and biocompatible polymers that are engineered to nanostructures play a key role in providing solution for sustained chemotherapy. This study is focused on preparation, drug encapsulation efficiency,in‐vitrodrug release,in‐vitrocellular uptake and cell viability of poly(caprolactone) grafted dextran (PGD) nanoparticles (NPs) formulation containing vinblastine as the anticancer drug. Drug‐loaded PGD NPs were prepared by a modified oil/water emulsion method and characterized by laser light scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and zeta potential. The drug encapsulation efficiency was determined spectrophotometrically andin‐vitrodrug release was estimated using dialysis bag. Breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) was used to image and measure the cellular uptake of fluorescent PGD NPs. Cancer cell viability was assessed by treating MCF‐7 cells with vinblastine‐loaded PGD NPs by crystal violet staining method. Result showed that the vinblastine‐loaded PGD NPs were superior in properties such as drug encapsulation efficiency, the cellular uptake and the cancer cell mortality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
A novel model and experimental analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic agent release from biodegradable polymers
Authors: Lao Luciana Lisa , Venkatraman Subbu S. , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMany factors affect the rate of drug release from biodegradable polymers. Here, we focus on investigating the effect of drug type on the degradation of P(DL)LGA 53/47 films and their ultimate release profiles. A freely water‐soluble drug (metoclopramide monohydrochloride) exhibited an initial burst, whereas a water‐insoluble drug (paclitaxel) exhibited an initial latent period with very little drug release. The onset of the second‐stage release of the hydrophobic drug was delayed as compared with the hydrophilic drug. Overall, complete release of metoclopramide monohydrochloride was achieved much earlier than paclitaxel. In addition, the hydrophobic drug exhibited an extra stage of release when compared with the two‐stage release for the hydrophilic drug. A novel model was developed to describe the underlying drug release mechanisms and kinetics. The model postulated that the total fraction of drug release from bulk‐degrading polymer is a summation of three mechanisms: burst release, relaxation induced/drug‐dissolution controlled release, and diffusional release. All the three steps are important for hydrophobic drugs. However, for hydrophilic drugs, burst and diffusional release steps are sufficient to account for the whole release process. The proposed model showed very good match with the experimental data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Accelerated growth of preosteoblastic cells on ultrafine grained titanium
Authors: Estrin Y. , Kasper C. , Diederichs S. , Lapovok R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis work is part of a general effort to demonstrate the effect of the bulk microstructure of titanium as a model bone implant material on viability of osteoblasts (bone‐forming cells). The objective of this work was to study the proliferation of preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells extracted from mice embryos on commercial purity titanium substrates. Two distinct states of titanium were considered: as‐received material with an average grain size of 4.5 μm and that processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), with an average grain size of 200 nm. We report the first results of anin vitrostudy into the effect of this extreme grain refinement on viability and proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. By means of MTT assays it was demonstrated that ECAP processing of titanium enhances MC3T3‐E1 culture proliferation in a spectacular way. This finding suggests that bone implants made from ECAP processed titanium may promote bone tissue growth. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Regulation of valvular interstitial cell calcification by components of the extracellular matrix
Authors: Rodriguez Karien J. , Masters Kristyn S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) components and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) is relevant to both treating heart valve disease and designing heart valve tissue engineering scaffolds, yet the VIC‐ECM relationship has not been well characterized. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize VIC‐ECM interactions, paying specific attention to whether ECM composition affected the in vitro calcification of VICs. Our results show that the number and size of calcific nodules formed in VIC cultures, as well as the expression of the mineralization markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and CBFa1, were highly dependent upon the composition of the culture surface. VICs cultured on certain ECM components, that is, collagen and fibronectin, were resistant to calcification, even upon treatment with mineralization‐inducing growth factors. Meanwhile, cultures of VICs on fibrin, laminin, and heparin coatings had a high number of calcified nodules, although only VICs on fibrin expressed significantly elevated levels of ALP and CBFa1. Nodule composition analysis revealed the presence of multiple types of mineralization. Although apoptotic and necrotic cells were more concentrated in nodules, these nodules did contain a strong majority population of viable cells. Characterizing this ECM‐dependence of VIC calcification will help us to identify appropriate biomaterial environments for heart valve tissue engineering as well as elucidate mechanisms of valvular disease. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009