bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivering personalized dietary advice for health management and disease prevention
Authors: Gardner Steve , Pawlowski Marcin , Møller Gert Lykke , Jensen Claus Erik 
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:
Diet plays a huge role in health, both by increasing metabolic disease risks and acutely through adverse interactions with diseases and medications. Multimorbid and polypharmaceutical patients are at a particularly high risk of such interactions due to the number of drugs they take. This leads to avoidable hospitalizations and poor compliance. This study built and demonstrated a tool that provides personalized dietary advice that accounts for a patient’s combination of disease and drugs in real-time on their mobile device.

Methods:
A comprehensive list of validated drug-disease-food interactions from several reputable sources was constructed. This was compiled into a knowledge graph using the RACE array logic platform. This interactions knowledge graph was used to power a personalized dietary advisor application on a mobile device.

Results:
Data from over 500,000 drug-disease-food interactions including 1,699 food ingredients and 9,526 disease interactions were compiled into a highly compressed knowledge model. This was used to inform recommendations for individual complex patients. It was also tested on virtual population of 10,000 multimorbid and polypharmaceutical patients.

Conclusions:
This study showed that digital health tools can provide highly contextual and adaptive responses from a single knowledge graph. The study showed it is possible to provide highly personalized health advice to complex patients in real-time on their own mobile device without having to hold such private information on a server. This enables highly secure, private and personalized digital health tools to be built.
Geographic information system-based mapping of air pollution & emergency room visits of patients for acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi, India (March 2018-February 2019)
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Nagori Aditya , Mukherjee Aparna , Singh Varinder , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Yadav Geetika , Saini Jitendra Kumar , Singhal Kamal K. , Jat Kana Ram , Madan Karan , George Mohan P. , Mani Kalaivani , Mrigpuri Parul , Kumar Raj , Guleria Randeep , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Sarin Rohit , Dhaliwal Rupinder Singh 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
Studies assessing the spatial and temporal association of ambient air pollution with emergency room visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi are lacking. Therefore, the present study explored the relationship between spatio-temporal variation of particulate matter (PM)2.5 concentrations and air quality index (AQI) with emergency room (ER) visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi using the geographic information system (GIS) approach.

Methods:
The daily number of ER visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms (less than or equal to two weeks) was recorded from the ER of four hospitals of Delhi from March 2018 to February 2019. Daily outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and air quality index (AQI) were obtained from the Delhi Pollution Control Committee. Spatial distribution of patients with acute respiratory symptoms visiting ER, PM2.5 concentrations and AQI were mapped for three seasons of Delhi using ArcGIS software.

Results:
Of the 70,594 patients screened from ER, 18,063 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. Winter days had poor AQI compared to moderate and satisfactory AQI during summer and monsoon days, respectively. None of the days reported good AQI (<50). During winters, an increase in acute respiratory ER visits of patients was associated with higher PM2.5 concentrations in the highly polluted northwest region of Delhi. In contrast, a lower number of acute respiratory ER visits of patients were seen from the ‘moderately polluted’ south-west region of Delhi with relatively lower PM2.5 concentrations.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Acute respiratory ER visits of patients were related to regional PM2.5 concentrations and AQI that differed during the three seasons of Delhi. The present study provides support for identifying the hotspots and implementation of focused, intensive decentralized strategies to control ambient air pollution in worst-affected areas, in addition to the general city-wise strategies.
Retinopathy of prematurity in triplets – Indian twin city ROP study report number 12
Authors: Bhate Manjushree , Agarwal Komal , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Belenje Akash , Parmeshwarappa Deepika C , Jalali Subhadra 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) amongst surviving triplets.

Methods:
Records of preterm babies born to mothers with triplet pregnancies were retrieved from our Indian twin city ROP study database between 1 Jan 2000 and 31 Dec 2020 and analyzed.

Results:
253 surviving triplet babies born to 108 mothers were evaluated. 48 out of 108 (44%) mothers received treatment for infertility. Data was available and analyzed for 242 babies (484 eyes). Mean gestational age was 31.76 ± 3.74 weeks (26- 38 weeks). The mean birth weight was 1.44 ± 0.37 kg (0.57–2.76 kg). At the first screening, incomplete vascularization was noted in 67% (131 babies;322 eyes) of which ROP was diagnosed in 14% (28 babies; 56 eyes). Among them, only 18 babies (53%) were the smallest birth weight babies in each of the triplet sets. Treatment with laser or bevacizumab was performed in 14 babies (5.8%), one eye of one baby additionally needed vitreoretinal surgical intervention. Good anatomical outcomes in terms of regression of ROP without sequelae were achieved in all babies.

Conclusion:
The present study reveals low incidence and favorable outcomes of ROP in triplet pregnancies in a large cohort of babies from a middle-income country. Our cohort did not show any difference in the treatment-requiring ROP among the larger or smaller birth weight babies of the same gestational age. In multiple pregnancies, gestational age remains a critical factor for ROP development; however, this does not necessitate modifying screening or treatment criteria in such triplet pregnancies.
Vitamin D and tear fluid cytokines in predicting outcomes in viral conjunctivitis - A new outlook
Authors: Kundu Gairik , Shetty Rohit , Modak Durgalaxmi , Koul Ameeta , Balaraj Srihari , Nagaraja Harsha , Sethu Swaminathan 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To determine the association between systemic vitamin D (VD) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels with severity and ocular surface inflammatory profile in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC).

Methods:
210 eyes of 105 patients who were clinically diagnosed with EKC were included in the study. The levels of serum VD and serum IgE were measured. Schirmer’s strip-based tear fluid (TF) was used to determine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNFα, MMP9, sICAM1, and VEGF-A in a subset of patients.

Results:
Levels of VD were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and levels of IgE were significantly higher in patients with severe forms of conjunctivitis compared to those with nonsevere forms. Majority of the patients with severe forms of the disease exhibited VD deficiency and/or abnormally high IgE. A negative correlation (r = –0.682; P < 0.0001) was observed between VD and IgE levels. TF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and sICAM1 were significantly higher in eyes with severe forms of conjunctivitis compared to those with nonsevere forms and controls. These factors showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05) with IgE levels and a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with VD levels.

Conclusion:
Patients with severe forms of EKC exhibited VD deficiency and higher levels of IgE. Increased TF inflammatory factors demonstrated a disease causal relationship with VD and IgE. Hence, restoring the altered levels of VD and IgE to normal range would be pivotal in the prevention and management of severe conjunctivitis.
Central and peripheral contrast sensitivity in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Rehman Obaidur , Ichhpujani Parul , Venkatraman Vatsalya 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Assessment of central and peripheral contrast sensitivity (CS) in thyroid eye disease (TED) with and without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 33 eyes of 18 treatment-naïve TED patients and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for comparative analysis. A detailed ophthalmic examination included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and CS testing (central and four peripheral regions) using Spaeth–Richman Contrast Sensitivity test was done.

Results:
The average age of TED patients was 47.17 ± 13.99 years and a female preponderance was noted (66.66%, n = 12). Twenty-five eyes (75.8%) were diagnosed as TED without DON, while eight eyes (24.2%) had DON. Nine eyes (27.2%) were in the active stage of disease and 29 eyes (87.8%) had proptosis. The difference in mean logMAR visual acuities between TED patients and controls was statistically insignificant (P = 0.189), but a significant difference was noted in central and total CS score (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test). On CS comparison between DON and non-DON eyes, a significant difference in average scores was noted in central and all peripheral areas (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test). With increasing clinical activity score, a statistically significant reduction was noted in CS in three out of four peripheral regions (Spearman correlation, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Visual function compromise can be detected in TED in the presence of intact VA, by testing CS. Peripheral CS deteriorates with increasing inflammation and in DON. Serial monitoring of both central and peripheral CS may help in diagnosing DON early.
Surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS): Is it a standalone condition or a variant of necrotizing scleritis?
Authors: Magesan Kowsigan , Dutta Majumder Parthopratim , Agarwal Mamta , George Amala E , Nair Vinita , Ganesh Sudha K , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To report the clinical pattern of surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) in a tertiary eye care center in Southern India.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of all SINS cases visiting the uveitis clinic of a tertiary eye institute between January 2009 and April 2019.

Results:
In total, 15 patients with a median age of 65 (IQR: 52–70) years were included in the study. Male (53%) predominance was noted, and SINS was unilateral (100%) in all cases. Most (87%) of the patients developed SINS after a single surgical procedure, with a median onset period of 251 (IQR: 127–1095) days. None of these patients had any evidence of systemic association. Ocular hypertension (n = 3, 20%), and cataract (n = 5, 33%) were the most common complications. When compared with a cohort of patients with idiopathic necrotizing scleritis, the index study did not find any statistically significant difference between SINS and idiopathic scleritis.

Conclusion:
SINS is idiopathic necrotizing scleritis rather than an independent entity of scleritis.
Effective cataract surgical coverage in India: Evidence from 31 districts
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Vashist Praveen , Sarath S , Gupta Noopur , Senjam Suraj Singh , Shukla Pallavi , Grover Sumit , Shamanna B R , Vemparala Rajshekhar , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Bhardwaj Amit , Gupta Promila , Titiyal Jeewan S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) is a core outcomes domain indicator to assess accessibility and quality of eye care services with limited available information.

Purpose:
To generate baseline estimates of eCSC for India.

Methods:
We performed the analysis of data pooled from Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness surveys conducted in 31 districts of India during 2015-2019 among persons aged 50+ years. eCSC was calculated at various thresholds, the primary being operable cataract at best corrected visual acuity <6/12, good outcome at presenting visual acuity of 6/12.

Results:
Age-sex standardized and weighed eCSC in India was 36.7% (95% CI: 33.6, 39.9), and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) was 57.3% (95% CI: 53.3, 61.2), a relative quality gap in cataract surgery being 36.0%. eCSC in males was higher at 38.0% than females (35.6%). eCSC increased with education from 31.0% in illiterate participants to 59.7% in class 10 educated. On multivariate analysis, rural setting, increasing age, and residence in eastern or northeastern zones of India continued to be associated with poor/worse eCSC, while female gender was associated with higher eCSC. District-wide variations in eCSC were observed.

Conclusion:
Developmental factors have an important bearing on eCSC in India. Geographical variations point toward the need for targeted, locally relevant strategies.
Understanding the treatment paradigm and the sequencing of antiglaucoma fixed-dose combinations in a tertiary center in South India
Authors: George Ronnie , Mishra Praggya , Shantha Balekudaru , Vijaya Lingam , Maksane Nitin , Gurha Neha 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To analyze the medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) and the placement of fixed-drug combination drugs (FDC) in the treatment paradigm at a tertiary eye care center in South India.

Methods:
Retrospective study (January 2011–December 2015) of newly diagnosed POAG and OHT patients (≥18 years) with ≥5 years follow-up. Primary outcome included percentage use of different antiglaucoma drugs (at initiation) and FDCs at the first, second, and third progression (sequencing). Secondary outcomes: Percentage discontinuation for different FDCs, efficacy parameters (decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP)/visual field), adverse events, and the median number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) after 5 years.

Results:
Three hundred and seventy eyes (198 patients) were analyzed; 84% of them had POAG. Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) were the most common (66.2%). FDCs were started in 48 eyes (12.9%), with brimonidine + timolol combination being the most common. FDC usage at subsequent modifications was 10.1%, 24.04%, and 30.0%. Beta-blockers and PGAs were the most frequently prescribed AGMs in our practice pattern, with β-blockers being the most consistent one.

Conclusion:
This study is a fairly large study with a minimum of a 5-year follow-up of patients with POAG and OHT and gives insights into the treatment patterns, use of FDCs, and the need for multiple medications over time.
Comparison of Performance of Children from Chennai with Norms of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-4: A Comparative Study
Authors: Deepak Vignesh Raj. S , Ganapathy Sankar. U 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Visual perception (VP) plays a vital role across various occupations, such as daily activities, academic performance, and social interaction. Many children are referred to occupational therapy with VP dysfunction, often accompanied by diagnoses such as developmental delay, learning difficulties, or neurological impairments. In India, health-care professionals, particularly occupational therapists, increasingly utilize the motor-free VP test-4 (MVPT-4), a test originally standardized among Western populations, to identify VP difficulties in children. However, studies suggest that using assessments standardized in different cultures may lead to inaccurate evaluations of visual perceptual skills, potentially underestimating or overestimating of these abilities. This underscores the importance of investigating the cultural influence on the visual perceptual abilities of Chennai children by comparing the performance of Chennai children with norms of MVPT-4.

Objectives:
The main purpose of this study was (a) To compare the performance of children from Chennai with norms of MVPT-4 and (b) To identify the influence of gender on MVPT-4.

Study Design:
This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design.

Methods:
A total of 150 children, aged 6.0–10.11 years, were selected from the community in Chennai using a convenience sampling approach. Children with good visual foundation skills were administered with MVPT-4.

Results:
Independent t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the performance of children from Chennai and the norms of MVPT-4 in the age groups of 6.0–10.11 years. Notably, the results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between genders on MVPT-4 among Chennai children.

Conclusions:
The study findings indicate that the performance of Chennai children is substantially better than the norms of MVPT-4.
A Review of Lateral Epicondylitis Injection: Drugs Used, Injection Techniques and Guidance Method
Authors: Menon Nitin A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article aimed to study the most suitable drug for injection, injection techniques and guidance method for treating tennis elbow. The words ‘injection technique’, ‘lateral epicondylitis’ and ‘tennis elbow’ were keyed into PubMed search base, and 145 full-text English language articles were obtained, from which 22 articles were deemed suitable for review based on content and relevance. One article was added from the author’s collection. The eligibility was (a) patients with tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis, (b) patients who had undergone injection therapy and (c) studies that had done a comparison between two or more agents or two techniques or used comparison between using or not using imaging guidance for injection. It was found that corticosteroid injections in tennis elbow produce a short-term improvement in symptoms, while prolotherapy, autologous blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may show more efficacy in the long term. In terms of technique, peppering seems to be a better alternative to tender point injections. The use of ultrasound guidance does not seem to have any effect on the overall efficacy of the injection treatment. The evidence in this study shows that it is better to use corticosteroids for short-term improvement, whereas bioactive agents like PRP injections may work better in the long term.
Neurogenic Bowel Management in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury – A Narrative Review
Authors: Roy Sankha Subhra , Chabungbam Margaret , Venkataraman Srikumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neurogenic bowel management in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important issue due to the associated morbidities causing a significant impact on the persons’ quality of life (QOL) and burden the caregiver and healthcare services. Complications such as constipation, diarrhoea, incontinence, social embarrassment and autonomic dysreflexia can be managed effectively and resourcefully to counter the ill effects. In India, the incidence of SCI is 15,000, with a prevalence of 0.15 million; most are educationally and economically underprivileged with substandard living conditions. Complications associated with neurogenic bowel tend to impede the implementation of vocational rehabilitation and community integration measures. The goals of management are to prevent complications and improve the QOL of persons with SCI. With the revolutionary progress in medical science, many pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical options have been formulated to satisfactorily and effectively manage the neurogenic bowel. In this narrative review, we have tried to compile some of the most popular and time-tested options for managing neurogenic bowel in persons with SCI.
Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency: A Case Report to Provide Clinical Insight to Improve Healthcare
Authors: Babu Anjana , Badhal Suman , Wadhwa Ranjan Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Proximal focal femoral deficiency is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, which may present as isolated lower limb shortening or associated with other syndromes. Early diagnosis of this condition can help the parents and the treating physicians in managing the condition with tailored treatment approach and in improving the quality of life of the patients.
Perceptiveness and Attitude on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dentistry among Dentists and Non-Dentists - A Regional Survey
Authors: Pringle A. Jebilla , Kumaran V. , Missier Mary Sheloni , Nadar Anthonu Selva Pinky 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool in modern medicine and the digital world. AI can help dentists diagnose oral diseases, design treatment plans, monitor patient progress and automate administrative tasks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception and attitude on use of artificial intelligence in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning among dentists and non-dentists’ population of south Tamil Nadu region in India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross sectional online survey conducted using 20 close ended questionnaire google forms which were circulated among the dentists and non -dentists population of south Tamil Nadu region in India. The data collected from 264 participants (dentists -158, non-dentists -106) within a limited time frame were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.

Results:
70.9% of dentists are aware of artificial intelligence in dentistry. 40.5% participants were not aware of AI in caries detection but aware of its use in interpretation of radiographs (43.9%) and in planning of orthognathic surgery (42.4%) which are statistically significant P < 0.05.44.7% support clinical experience of a human doctor better than AI diagnosis. Dentists of 54.4% agree to support AI use in dentistry.

Conclusion:
The study concluded AI use in dentistry knowledge is more with dentists and perception of AI in dentistry is optimistic among dentists than non -dentists, majority of participants support AI in dentistry as an adjunct tool to diagnosis and treatment planning.
Psychological Distress and Quality of Life among Head and Neck Cancer Patients after 3- and 6-Months Post-Treatment—A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Mamatha E , Saka Saritha D. , Mutthineni Durga Chowdary L. , Bhushanam Darji Naga , Teji P Apoorva Venkata , Kala Tejaswi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cancers affecting the parts of the head and neck significantly impact patients. Among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, the visible signs and symptoms of the disease or the side effects of treatment modalities can cause various degrees of functional impairment such as mastication, swallowing, communication, and disfigurement.

Objective:
To assess psychological distress and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients after 3 and 6 months’ post-treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based follow-up study was conducted among head and neck cancer patients who came for routine follow-up after treatment in five cancer hospitals in Hyderabad City. Patients were categorized based on the treatment into surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combination of all and the same subjects were followed; after 3 months, psychological distress and quality of life were assessed by distress thermometer and functional assessment of cancer therapy head and neck (FACT H and N).

Results:
A total of 235 participants were included in the study. Mean age was 58.2 ± 8.7 years. The mean scores of psychological distress at baseline were 4.6 ± 1.2, and after follow-up, it was 3.4 ± 1.2 and the mean scores of quality of life at baseline were 76.4 ± 15.6, and after follow-up, it was 75.5 ± 12.5.

Conclusion:
The mean scores of psychological distress had reduced from baseline to follow-up with negligible improvement in the quality of life.