bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of indoxacarb and five other insecticides on Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and nymphs of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors: Bostanian Noubar J , Akalach Mohammed 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA laboratory study assessed the contact toxicity of indoxacarb, abamectin, endosulfan, insecticidal soap, S‐kinoprene and dimethoate to Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot and nymphs of Orius insidiosus (Say). Amblyseius fallacis is a predacious phytoseiid mite and an integral part of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in North American apple orchards. The other two beneficials are widely used in greenhouses to manage various arthropod pests infesting vegetable and ornamental crops. Indoxacarb is a slow‐acting insecticide, so toxicity data were recorded 7 days post‐treatment when the data had stabilised. It showed no toxicity to O. insidiosus nymphs or to A. fallacis or P. persimilis adults. The LC50 values for O. insidiosus nymphs and P. persimilis could not be estimated with their associated confidence limits, because the g values were greater than 0.5 and under such circumstances the lethal concentration would lie outside the limits. The LC50 for A. fallacis was 7.6× the label rate. The fecundity of P. persimilis was reduced by 26.7%. The eclosion of treated eggs from both species of beneficial mites was not affected adversely. Among the other pest control products, S‐kinoprene and endosulfan affected adversely at least one species of the predators, whereas dimethoate, abamectin and insecticidal soap were very toxic to all three beneficials. Indoxacarb should be evaluated as a pest control product in IPM programmes. Copyright © 2006 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation between M1‐facilitation of acetylcholine release and crosstalk with A2A‐ and M2‐receptors on rat motoneurons
Authors: Oliveira Laura , Correia‐de‐Sá Paulo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) facilitates its own release acting at muscarinic M1receptors on rat motoneurons. While the M1positive feedback mechanism is operative there is a concomitant suppression of the ability of muscarinic M2‐inhibitory and adenosine A2A‐facilitatory receptors to control [3H]ACh release. We aimed at investigating whether M1‐occlusion of M2and A2Areceptors function could result from interplay at second messengers level. Drugs blocking the IP3pathway, like LiCl and 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2‐APB), but not the selective PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, attenuated M1facilitation by McN‐A‐343. PKC activation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate mimicked the ability of McN‐A‐343 to suppress M2‐inhibition and A2A‐facilitation of [3H]ACh release caused by oxotremorine and CGS 21680C, respectively. Co‐application of chelerythrine together with McN‐A‐343 restored oxotremorine‐inhibition and CGS 21680C‐facilitation, but this was not observed when the M1agonist was applied together with LiCl and 2‐APB. McN‐A‐343 also masked facilitation of [3H]ACh release caused by stimulators of the cyclic AMP pathway, forskolin and rolipram. Data suggest that M1‐facilitation of ACh release results mainly from activation of the IP3pathway. This mechanism can be dissociated from the way M1receptor operates suppression of neuromodulation through M2‐inhibitory and A2A‐facilitatory receptors, which might involve secondary PKC activation.
Cardiogenic shock after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Effects of levosimendan compared with dobutamine on haemodynamics
Authors: García‐González Martín J. , Domínguez‐Rodríguez Alberto , Ferrer‐Hita Julio J. , Abreu‐González Pedro , Muñoz Miguel Bethencourt 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:Levosimendan is a new calcium sensitizer with positive inotropic properties. Cardiac power output (CPO) has been shown to be instrumental in the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock (CS) and is an important determinant of outcomes.Aims:To evaluate the haemodynamic effects of levosimendan compared to dobutamine in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients revascularised by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), who developed CS.Methods and results:Twenty two consecutive AMI patients revascularised by PCI, who developed CS, were randomly assigned to levosimendan (24μg kg−1 bolus plus 24‐h continuous infusion 0,1μg kg−1 min−1) or dobutamine (initial dose 5μg kg−1 min−1, with a maximum dose adjustment in order to reach the desired haemodynamic effect). Evaluations were performed from baseline to 30h. The primary end‐point was an increase ≥30% in CPO, after 24h of therapy. The baseline clinical and haemodynamic characteristics were similar in both groups. Levosimendan had a consistently better effect on CPO than dobutamine, while the decrease in PCWP was similar.Conclusion:The primary objective of our study was achieved better by the end of the 24h infusion of levosimendan than by dobutamine.
Transoral Approach to the Superomedial Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Ducic Yadranko , Oxford Lance , Pontius Allison T. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVESTo present our early experience with the transoral approach to the superomedial parapharyngeal space (PPS) and describe our technique for removal of these neoplasms.STUDY DESIGNConsecutive case series by one author (Y.D.). METHODS: Eight patients with various neoplasms of the superomedial PPS were retrospectively reviewed for type of neoplasm, size, success with the transoral approach, need for conversion to another approach, length of hospitalization, and complications.RESULTSThe transoral approach described herein safely allowed for en bloc resection of benign neoplasms with intraoperative control and exposure of the internal carotid artery. The most common pathology encountered was that of schwannoma. All patients were started on liquid diet on postoperative day 1. Average length of stay was 3.2 days (range, 2 to 5). Mean tumor size was 3.3 cm (range, 1.5 to 7 cm). No significant complications were felt to be related to the approach itself and visualization was felt to be excellent in each case without the need for conversion to a more extensive approach.CONCLUSIONSThe transoral approach safely provides access to superomedial PPS lesions with decreased morbidity compared with traditional approaches. This technique is indicated for neoplasms with benign appearance on preoperative imaging or fine needle aspiration. This approach alone may not provide adequate access for resection of malignant lesions especially those with extension intracranially or to more inferior or laterally placed lesions of the parapharyngeal space.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Botulinum Toxin Injection and Airflow Stability in Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Cantarella Giovanna , Berlusconi Alessandra , Maraschi Barbara , Ghio Alain , Barbieri Sergio 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of botulinum toxin (BT) injection on airflow stability, by measuring mean phonatory oral airflow and its coefficient of variation (CV), in subjects with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGTwenty‐four subjects with SD (aged 31‐78 years) and 23 controls (aged 29‐63 years) were evaluated for mean airflow and its CV during sustained phonation. Fifteen of the subjects with SD were also evaluated within 3 weeks after BT injection.RESULTSBT increased airflow in subjects (P = 0.0130) but neither the preinjection nor postinjection values differed significantly from those of controls. Conversely, airflow CV was invariably higher in subjects than in controls (P < 0.0001). In 13 subjects in whom phonation perceptually improved, including 3 in whom airflow did not increase, airflow CV decreased significantly after BT treatment (P = 0.0232).CONCLUSIONSSubjects with SD have highly unstable phonatory airflow; its CV is a valid measure for assessing the outcome of a BT injection. A reduced airflow CV probably does not depend solely on increased airflow due to thyroarytenoid muscle paresis, and may indicate a change in laryngeal motoneuronal activity.EBM rating: B‐3b© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
p53 and Skin Carcinomas With Skull Base Invasion: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Cernea Claudio R. , Ferraz Alberto R. , de Castro Inês V. , Sotto Miriam N. , Logullo Ângela F. , Bacchi Carlos E. , Potenza André S. 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUNDSome skin carcinomas may be very aggressive. Increased expression of the protein p53 has been associated with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, p53 expression was evaluated in basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with skull base invasion, and was compared to tumors with good outcome.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGExpression of p53 was immunohistochemically analyzed and it was reported as present or absent in 24 BCC and 11 SCC with skull base invasion. Control group (good outcome) included 23 BCC and 10 SCC.RESULTSExpression of p53 was noted in 70.83% of BCC with skull base invasion, compared to 43.48% in the control group (P = 0.058). Regarding SCC, p53 positivity was noted in only 9.09% of SCC with skull base invasion, compared to 40.00% in the control group (P = 0.149).CONCLUSIONSIn this study, p53 expression was more common among BCC with skull base invasion, compared to controls with good outcome, and the difference was considered marginally significant. This proportion was reversed in SCC, but the difference was not statistically significant.EBM rating: B‐3b© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Surgical Consideration to Optic Nerve Protrusion According to Sinus Computed Tomography
Authors: Chen Ying‐Lin , Lee Li‐Ang , Lim Kun‐Eng 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of optic nerve protrusion (ONP) and its clinical indicators by using sinus computed tomography (CT) scan.STUDY DESIGNSinus CT scans of 260 consecutive patients with chronic inflammatory sinus disease were reviewed.RESULTSThe prevalence of ONP in our study population was 28%. Nineteen percent of the optic nerves protruded into the sphenoid sinuses including indentation of the sinus wall (12%) and coursing through the sphenoid sinus (8%). In the presence of contralateral ONP and/or ipsilateral anterior clinoid process pneumatization, the chance of ONP occurrence was significantly higher (both P < 0.01). They were reliable indicators of ONP (R 2 = 0.47, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSONP is a common anatomic variation observed in patients with chronic inflammatory sinus disease. To reduce optic nerve damage in surgeries, the presence of ONP according to sinus CT scans and the intraoperative findings should be carefully evaluated.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of Nasal Valve Area on Inspirator Nasal Sound Spectra
Authors: Seren Erdal 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVEWe have researched the effects of nasal valve area on the inspiratory nasal sound spectra in this study.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe have spectral analyzed and recorded the inspiratory nasal sound in 22 healthy people with and without the Cottle maneuver.RESULTSWe have found an increase in sound intensity at high frequency in the sound analyses of the subjects without the Cottle maneuver; whereas, a decrease in sound intensity at high frequency was found in subjects with the Cottle maneuver.CONCLUSIONSThe nasal valve area plays an important role in the transformation of the nasal airflow from a laminar pattern to a more turbulent one. This condition affects nasal sound spectra and produces a marked shift upward in frequencies in the spectra. This method may be a new way of evaluating the nasal valve area.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Patient Expectations and Recovery Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Mehta Umang , Huber Todd C. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVESStudies examining the early postoperative period after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are lacking. The objectives were to determine patient expectations of recovery following ESS and compare these expectations to actual outcomes.STUDY DESIGNA prospective study. An 11‐item survey regarding recovery from anesthesia and sinonasal outcomes was administered after ESS over postoperative days (POD) #1, #7, and #14. Preoperative surveys established baseline levels and explored patient expectations of POD #1 outcomes.RESULTSForty‐six patients participated. Individual expectations generally did not correlate with POD #1 outcomes. Sinonasal symptoms, narcotic usage, and activity level (P < 0.05) demonstrated significant improvement over the postoperative period. Within one week, 75% of patients returned to work. By POD #14, nasal obstruction, discharge, fatigue, and overall health (P < 0.05) had improved over preoperative levels. Patients undergoing concomitant septoplasty had a more difficult postoperative course.CONCLUSIONPatient expectations of ESS vary widely, although this surgery is generally well tolerated with a brief recovery period.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mitomycin‐c Application in Airway Stenosis Surgery: Analysis of Safety and Costs
Authors: Ubell Matthew L. , Ettema Sandra L. , Toohill Robert J. , Simpson C. Blake , Merati Albert L. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVEThis study describes a large series of patients receiving topical mitomycin‐c (MMC) during airway surgery, including complications, and carries out a cost analysis for its use in laryngotracheal stenosis.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective review, tertiary center. Airway patients receiving MMC are reviewed for demographics, stenosis characteristics, and MMC usage. A basic cost analysis is carried out.RESULTSFifty patients underwent 93 MMC applications (mean = 50.8 years, 25 male, 25 female). In 89 of 93 applications (96%), the concentration of MMC was 0.4 mg/ml. One major complication occurred (1.1%). The expense for MMC is $455; the mean cost for airway surgery is $7,840. It is estimated that if 1 of 17 MMC treated patients requires one less operation, the cost ratio is favorable.CONCLUSIONSThis large series contributes to literature that MMC is a safe adjunct to laryngotracheal surgery. The marginal cost for MMC application is favorable based on our basic cost analysis and existing efficacy data.SIGNIFICANCEMitomycin‐c seems to be safe and cost‐effective in endoscopic airway surgery.
Long‐Term Changes in Behavior after Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children
Authors: Mitchell Ron B. , Kelly James 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo study long‐term changes in behavior after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children.DESIGN AND SETTINGProspective study at the University of New Mexico Children's Hospital, Albuquerque, NM.METHODSChildren with polysomnography‐proven OSAS underwent adenotonsillectomy. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) was completed before surgery, within 6 months and 9 to 18 months after surgery. Scores were compared using a paired t test. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.RESULTSThe study population included 23 children. Preoperative mean BASC T scores were >50. Children showed significant improvement after adenotonsillectomy in aggression, atypicality, depression, hyperactivity, and somatization within 6 months and 9 to 18 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The differences within 6 months and 9 to 18 months after surgery were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSCaregivers report abnormalities in the behavior of children with OSAS. Behavioral abnormalities improve significantly after adenotonsillectomy and are maintained in the long‐term.
Effect of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Section on the Laryngeal Muscles of Adult Rabbits
Authors: Shinners Michael J. , Goding George S. , McLoon Linda K. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve section on myonuclear addition and myofiber remodeling in adult rabbit laryngeal muscles.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGUnilateral section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was performed on adult rabbits. Rabbits were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine, euthanized, and the laryngeal muscles were examined for bromodeoxyuridine (brdU) and neonatal myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression.RESULTSOne week after nerve section, brdU‐positive myonuclei were significantly increased on the denervated and contralateral sides. Neonatal MyHC expression significantly increased. By 24 weeks, the upregulation of myonuclear addition returned to control levels.CONCLUSIONLaryngeal muscle denervation results in significant upregulation of myonuclear addition. Denervation also resulted in a significant upregulation of neonatal MyHC expression.SIGNIFICANCELaryngeal muscles can be successfully reinnervated after long periods of denervation. This significant and maintained increase in myonuclear addition may contribute to the ability of laryngeal muscles to survive for extended periods following interruption of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Point and areal validation of forecast precipitation fields
Authors: Yates Eddy , Anquetin Sandrine , Ducrocq Véronique , Creutin Jean‐Dominique , Ricard Didier , Chancibault Katia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTwo high resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts with different levels of realism are evaluated. Classical scores (bias, correlation and scores based on contingency tables) confirm that the two forecasts do not have the same quality. A multi‐scale extension of these scores has then been made to produce a validation for hydrological purposes. Rainfall fields are integrated over surfaces of various scales. For better simulation, scores indicate an increase in the quality of the simulated precipitation for larger surfaces (typically more than 100 km2): the localisation errors are reduced by the aggregation. This helps to determine the usefulness of such forecasts for hydrological purposes. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Comparative analysis of estimators for wind direction standard deviation
Authors: Farrugia P. S. , Micallef A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWind direction is a circular variable. This makes the algorithms used to find its standard deviation different from that of the linear variables. In particular, the requirement for storing all the data points before the standard deviation can be computed limits the storage capacity and puts great strain on remote data acquisition systems. Various algorithms have therefore been developed to estimate the standard deviation in order to reduce the number of terms stored. The following work consists of a comparative analysis of such estimators together with the parameters used. It emerges that some of the assumptions adopted to produce the equations being analysed do not hold in practice, even though this does not affect significantly the performance of the estimators that depend on them. On the other hand, the parameter that has the best trend with the algorithm adopted is the magnitude of the vector to the centre of gravity of the system. However, such a result gives rise to some concerns since it does not account for the ‘vectorial’ nature of the angle being treated. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Underlying Disease Severity as a Major Risk Factor for Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
Authors: Kyne Lorraine , Sougioultzis Stavros , McFarland Lynne V. , Kelly Ciarán P. 
Published: February 2006

Objective:To determine the diagnostic accuracy of an index of underlying disease severity (Horn's index) in identifying patients with a high probability of having nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhea as a complication of antimicrobial therapy.Design:A prospective cohort study of 252 adult patients admitted to the hospital and receiving antibiotics. Risk factors for C. difficile diarrhea were first determined retrospectively in a different cohort of 300 hospitalized patients (primary cobort) and then prospectively in this cohort of 252 hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics (secondary cohort). At the time of hospital admission, disease was rated by clinicians as mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3), or extremely severe (4) using a modified Horn's index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for C. difficile diarrhea associated with increasing levels of disease severity.Setting:An urban teaching hospital affiliated with a medical school in Boston, Massachusetts.Results:The incidence of nosocomial C. difficile diarrhea was 8.7% in the primary cohort and 11% in the secondary cohort. In the prospective cohort study (secondary cohort), the OR for C. difficile diarrhea associated with extremely severe disease was 17.6 (95% confidence interval, 5.8 to 53.5). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of a Horn's index score of 3 or more (severe to extremely severe disease) as a predictor of nosocomial C. difficile diarrhea were 79%, 73%, 27%, and 96%, respectively.Conclusions:These findings provide a means of early stratification of hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics according to their risk for nosocomial C. difficile diarrhea. Patients with severe to extremely severe disease at the time of admission may benefit from careful monitoring of antibiotic prescribing and early attention to infection control issues. In the future, these “high-risk” patients may benefit from prophylaxis studies of novel agents being developed to prevent C. difficile diarrhea.
An Outbreak ofSerratia marcescensBacteremia After General Anesthesia
Authors: Sebert Michael E. , Manning Mary Lou , McGowan Karin L. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Bell Louis M. 
Published: February 2006

Objective:To investigate an outbreak ofSerratia marcescensbacteremia among patients after general anesthesia.Design:A case-control study.Setting:A 304-bed, pediatric teaching hospital.Patients:Twenty-three pediatric patients who developedS. marcescensbacteremia within 2 weeks after general anesthesia between June 15 and September 22, 1999, were compared with 46 age-matched control-patients who had undergone procedures on the same clinical services of the hospital during the same period.Results:Cases were distributed over a wide range of surgical services and were not correlated with exposure to any of the surgical, anesthesia, or nursing staff. Case-patients were significantly more likely than control-patients to have received cefazolin (odds ratio [OR], 11.1; 90% confidence interval [CI90], 1.9 to 24.3) or to have had perioperative placement of a central vascular catheter (OR, 4.2; CI90, 1.2 to 18.8). The timing of the procedures of patients who subsequently developedS. marcescensbacteremia was significantly associated with the shifts of one or more of five operating room technicians (OR, 2.9 to 6.8) who were responsible for preparing intravenous fluids used both to reconstitute perioperatively administered antibiotics and to prime central vascular catheter assemblies.Conclusions:Our findings are consistent with a pattern of intermittent contamination due to periodic breaches in sterile technique, rather than a point-source of contamination. The unique challenges that such a procedural breakdown presents to an epidemiologic investigation are discussed. This outbreak stresses the importance of providing comprehensive training in antisepsis when multifunctional personnel are incorporated into an operating room work environment.