bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A precise symbolic emulator of the linear matter power spectrum
Authors: Bartlett Deaglan J. , Kammerer Lukas , Kronberger Gabriel , Desmond Harry , Ferreira Pedro G. , Wandelt Benjamin D. , Burlacu Bogdan , Alonso David , Zennaro Matteo 
Published: April 2024

Context.Computing the matter power spectrum,P(k), as a function of cosmological parameters can be prohibitively slow in cosmological analyses, hence emulating this calculation is desirable. Previous analytic approximations are insufficiently accurate for modern applications, so black-box, uninterpretable emulators are often used.Aims.We aim to construct an efficient, differentiable, interpretable, symbolic emulator for the redshift zero linear matter power spectrum which achieves sub-percent level accuracy. We also wish to obtain a simple analytic expression to convertAstoσ8given the other cosmological parameters.Methods.We utilise an efficient genetic programming based symbolic regression framework to explore the space of potential mathematical expressions which can approximate the power spectrum andσ8. We learn the ratio between an existing low-accuracy fitting function forP(k) and that obtained by solving the Boltzmann equations and thus still incorporate the physics which motivated this earlier approximation.Results.We obtain an analytic approximation to the linear power spectrum with a root mean squared fractional error of 0.2% betweenk = 9 × 10−3 − 9 h Mpc−1and across a wide range of cosmological parameters, and we provide physical interpretations for various terms in the expression. Our analytic approximation is 950 times faster to evaluate thanCAMBand 36 times faster than the neural network based matter power spectrum emulatorBACCO. We also provide a simple analytic approximation forσ8with a similar accuracy, with a root mean squared fractional error of just 0.1% when evaluated across the same range of cosmologies. This function is easily invertible to obtainAsas a function ofσ8and the other cosmological parameters, if preferred.Conclusions.It is possible to obtain symbolic approximations to a seemingly complex function at a precision required for current and future cosmological analyses without resorting to deep-learning techniques, thus avoiding their black-box nature and large number of parameters. Our emulator will be usable long after the codes on which numerical approximations are built become outdated.
Chromatically modeling the parsec-scale dusty structure in the center of NGC 1068
Authors: Leftley J. H. , Petrov R. , Moszczynski N. , Vermot P. , Hönig S. F. , Gamez Rosas V. , Isbell J. W. , Jaffe W. , Clénet Y. , Augereau J.-C. , Berio P. , Davies R. I. , Henning T. , Lagarde S. , Lopez B. , Matter A. , Meilland A. , Millour F. , Nesvadba N. , Shimizu T. T. , Sturm E. , Weigelt G. 
Published: April 2024

Context. The Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) has been providing breakthrough images of the dust in the central parsecs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which is thought to be a key component of the AGN unification scheme and AGN host galaxy interaction. In single infrared bands, these images can enjoin multiple interpretations, some of which could challenge the unification scheme. This is the case for the archetypal type 2 AGN of NGC 1068, whereby the degeneracy is reduced by multi-band temperature maps that are hindered by an ambiguity in the alignment between different single-band images.
Aims. We aim to solve this problem by creating a chromatic model capable of simultaneously explaining the VLTI GRAVITY+MATISSE 2 μm–13 μm observations of AGNs hosted by NGC 1068.
Methods. We employed a simple disk and wind geometry populated by spherical black-body emitters and dust obscuration to create a versatile multi-wavelength modelling method for chromatic IR interferometric data of dusty objects.
Results. This simple geometry is capable of reproducing the spectro-interferometric data of NGC 1068 from the K through N bands. It explains the complex single band images with obscuration and inclination effects, and it solves the alignment problem between bands. We find that the resulting model disk and wind geometry is consistent with previous studies of comparable and larger scales. For example, compared to molecular gas emission, our model wind position angle (PA) of
2322°
is close to the mas-scale outflowing CO(6–5) PA of ∼33° seen with ALMA. The equivalent 90° offset model disk PA is also consistent with the CO(6–5) disk axis of 112° as well as the mas-scale disk axis from CO(2–1), CO(3–2), and HCO+(4–3) of 115 ± 5°. Furthermore, the resulting model images visually resemble the multiple achromatic image reconstructions of the same data when evaluated at the same wavelengths. We conclude that the IR emitting structure surrounding the AGN within NGC 1068 can indeed be explained by the clumpy disk+wind iteration of the AGN unification scheme. Within the scheme, we find that it is best explained as a type 2 AGN and the obscuring dust chemistry can be explained by a mix of olivine silicates and 16 ± 1% amorphous carbon.
Young stellar objects from the LAMOST and ZTF surveys: Physical properties, classification, and light curve analysis
Authors: Zhang J.-Y. , Zhang Y.-X. , Kang Z.-H. , Li C.-H. , Zhao Y.-H. 
Published: April 2024

Context. The study of young stellar objects (YSOs) not only enhances our understanding of star formation and stellar evolution, but also contributes to broader areas of astrophysics, including planetary science, galactic dynamics, and astrochemistry.
Aims. We aimed to comprehensively analyse 657 YSOs and provide their physical parameter measurements using data from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) g- and r-band light curves and the Gaia, WISE, 2MASS, and LAMOST databases. Specifically, we sought to identify periodicity in the light curves and classify the YSOs based on the Q – M variability plane, which enabled us to quantify flux asymmetry and quasi-periodicity.
Methods. To achieve our objectives, we conducted a meticulous examination of the light curves obtained from the ZTF and estimated the physical parameters of the YSOs. These parameters were discerned by integrating stellar model atmosphere grids, photometric data, Gaia DR3 parallaxes, and pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks. We employed the Q – M variability plane to classify the YSOs and determine the presence of periodic patterns. Additionally, we analysed the distribution of variability slope angles in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) to discern patterns associated with extinction-driven and accretion-related variability.
Results. Our analysis revealed significant findings regarding the variability patterns and physical characteristics of the YSOs. Among the 657 objects analysed, 37 exhibited periodic variability and 2 displayed multi-period behaviour. Furthermore, we identified distinct variability patterns, including quasi-periodic symmetry, quasi-periodic dipping, aperiodic dipping, bursting behaviour, stochastic variability, and long-timescale variations. Notably, the distribution of variability slope angles in the CMD varied between dippers and bursters, indicating different underlying variability drivers. Additionally, we observed that YSOs classified as classical T Tauri stars and weak-line T Tauri stars exhibited contrasting light curve characteristics, with Class II YSOs displaying asymmetry and Class III YSOs showing (quasi-)periodic variations. These findings underscore the importance of considering variability patterns when classifying and determining the nature of YSOs.
Intravitreale Injektionen: Nachhaltigkeit durch Reduktion von Klinikabfall
Authors: Birtel Johannes , Hammer Maximilian , Feltgen Nicolas , Pauleikhoff Laurenz , Ong Ariel Yuhan , Geerling Gerd , Spitzer Martin S. , Charbel Issa Peter 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Intravitreale Injektionen sind eine der häufigsten augenärztlichen Interventionen, mit geschätzt über 1 Mio. jährlichen Eingriffen in Deutschland. Ziel der Arbeit war eine Quantifizierung des Abfalls und des CO2-Fußabdrucks durch die Verwendung von Einmalinjektionssets sowie eine Evaluierung des möglichen Einsparpotenzials.
Material und Methoden Der Abfall und damit einhergehende CO2-Emissionen von standardmäßig verwendeten Einweginjektionssets wurde an operativen Zentren in Deutschland (n = 6) und Großbritannien (n = 2) untersucht. Intravitreale Injektionen mit minimiertem Materialverbrauch wurden evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Das Durchschnittsgewicht der Injektionssets und der hierdurch verursachte Müll betrug 165 g. Die Injektionssets bestanden durchschnittlich zu 145 g (88%) aus Plastik; 2,1 g (1,3%) aus Metall; 4,3 g (2,6%) aus Papier und 12,9 g (7,8%) aus Gaze/Tupfer. Bei 1 Mio. Injektionen entspricht dies 145,2 t Plastik, 2,1 t Metall, 4,3 t Papier und 12,9 t Gaze/Tupfer. Die Herstellung dieser Injektionssets entspricht extrapoliert einem CO2-Äquivalent von 752,6 t, die Verbrennung des entstehenden Mülls einem CO2-Äquivalent von 301,7 t. Mit einem materialsparenden Vorgehen kann der Injektionsset-assoziierte Abfall um 99% reduziert und Injektionen sicher durchgeführt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die materiellen Ressourcen und die CO2-Emissionen von intravitrealen Injektionen können durch ressourcensparende Injektionen minimiert werden.
Augenbeteiligung bei ausgewählten rheumatischen Erkrankungen – Klinik im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Baquet-Walscheid Karoline , Rath Thomas , Heiligenhaus Arnd 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungOkuläre Manifestationen rheumatischer Erkrankungen sind häufig und tragen wesentlich zur Morbidität und Reduktion der Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patienten bei. Die Kenntnis über typische Manifestationsformen ist bedeutsam für den Rheumatologen, um Patienten mit entsprechender Symptomatik frühzeitig ophthalmologisch vorstellen zu können oder auch regelmäßige Screeninguntersuchungen zu veranlassen (z. B. bei Behçet-Syndrom). Umgekehrt ist eine (ggf. auch dringliche) rheumatologische Mitbeurteilung bei bestimmten ophthalmologischen Krankheitsbildern entscheidend, um eine (u. U. letale) systemische assoziierte Erkrankung nicht zu übersehen. Patienten mit rheumatischen bzw. entzündlichen okulären Erkrankungen sollten immer durch den behandelnden Arzt über mögliche Symptome anderweitiger Organmanifestationen aufgeklärt werden, um eine verzögerte Diagnosestellung zu vermeiden. „Klassische“ Assoziationen für Uveitiden sind die (HLA-B27-assoziierten) Spondyloarthritiden und die
akute anteriore Uveitis sowie die retinale Vaskulitis mit oder ohne Panuveitis und das Behçet-Syndrom. Bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis oder ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden hingegen treten typischerweise Skleritiden (mit oder ohne periphere ulzerative Keratitis) auf, aber auch eine Vielzahl weiterer Befunde ist möglich. Die enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit insbesondere in der Therapiegestaltung ist entscheidend, um eine gute Prognose für den Patienten zu sichern.
Correlation Between TRAb and Early Onset Hypothyroidism After
131I Treatment for Gravesʼ Disease
Authors: Song Qi , Fang Zhouyu , Wang Shurong , Liu Zhihua , Xiao Wenjin , Zong Haijun , Xie Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the clinical features related to early
hypothyroidism and the relationship between the changes of thyrotropin receptor
antibodies (TRAb) and early hypothyroidism in the course of 131I
treatment for Graves’ disease. This study was a retrospective observation,
including 226 patients who received the first 131I treatment. The
general information and laboratory tests were collected before and after
131I treatment, and the laboratory data affecting the difference
in disease outcome were analyzed. According to the changes of antibodies in the
third month, whether the changes of antibodies were involved in the occurrence
of early-onset hypothyroidism was analyzed. Early onset hypothyroidism occurred
in 165 of 226 patients, and the results showed that the incidence of early
hypothyroidism was higher in patients with low baseline TRAb level (p=0.03) and
increased TRAb after treatment (p=0.007). Both baseline TRAb levels (p<0.001)
and the 24-hour iodine uptake rate (p=0.004) are significant factors influencing
the changes in TRAb. The likelihood of a rise in TRAb was higher when the
baseline TRAb was less than 18.55 U/l and the 24-hour iodine uptake level
exceeded 63.61%. Low baseline and elevated post-treatment levels of TRAb were
significantly associated with early-onset hypothyroidism after 131I
treatment. Monitoring this index during RAI treatment is helpful in identifying
early-onset hypothyroidism and mastering the clinical outcome and prognosis of
Graves’ disease.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of NH-Unprotected Spiropyrrolidines via the Huisgen Reaction of Acenaphthoquinone-Derived Azomethine Ylides with β-Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Ghafouri Kiyana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract4′-Nitro-2H-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,2′-pyrrolidine]-2-one derivatives are prepared via [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides, generated in situ from acenaphthoquinone and primary amines, with β-nitrostyrenes in the presence of (
i
Pr)2NEt in methanol. Evidence for the structures of the products was obtained from single-crystal X-ray analysis. The important feature of this diastereoselective synthesis of NH-unprotected spiropyrrolidines is the formation of four contiguous stereogenic centers, one of which is quaternary, with high selectivity.
The Historical Evolvement of Movement and Exercise Training in Patients with Severe Burns and Their Potential Effects on Grafts, Scars, and Function
Authors: Kleinhapl Julia , Knappskog Kristine , Finnerty Celeste C. , Branski Ludwik , Suman Oscar E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExercise training for burn patients has become a major part of rehabilitation programs within the last decades. One of the main reasons for prolonged and long-term increased morbidity and mortality in this population is a persistent catabolic state with subsequent loss of lean body mass (LBM). A combination of resistance and aerobic exercises as well as stretching has shown to improve physical function by enhancing cardiopulmonary fitness, LBM, and strength and thus leading to ameliorated long-term outcomes of patients recovering from burns. In this literature review, we show an outline of the implementation of exercise training over the last decades into standardized care for patients with burns.
Learning about Literacy: Speech-Language Pathologists' Pre-Service and In-Service Training Experiences in the United States
Authors: Yi Julia J. , Erickson Karen A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo better understand speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') pre-service and in-service training experiences in literacy and the relationship between their literacy training experiences and current practice, self-efficacy, and beliefs regarding their roles in literacy assessment and treatment, a web-based survey of SLPs was conducted (n = 444). Responses revealed that 60% of respondents completed at least one literacy course in their graduate programs: 55% took courses that embedded content in literacy assessment or treatment, and 23% took courses dedicated to literacy. These results varied based on the decade of graduation. Although 73.5% of respondents felt that their graduate programs trained them well or very well to assess and treat spoken language, only 8.5% felt the same about literacy. Most respondents (80%) reported completing in-service literacy training, and 89% reported wanting more literacy training. Completion of in-service training was positively, significantly related to respondents' current literacy-related clinical practice, self-efficacy, and beliefs regarding their roles; however, pre-service literacy training was not significantly related to any of these. Though in-service training appears to play a role in helping SLPs deliver literacy services, more emphasis on increasing the quantity and quality of pre-service and in-service training in the assessment and treatment of literacy is needed.
The Effect of Citizens’ Perception of Governance on Tax Compliance: A Cross-Country Analysis Study for 32 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Nichelatti Enrico , Hiilamo Heikki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRaising domestic revenue still represents a priority for most Sub-Saharan African countries that continue to face high tax non-compliance. This research investigates whether there is a link between citizens’ perceptions of governance and individual tax compliance in SSA. We employ a logistic regression model by applying five levels of specifications and using round 7 of the Afrobarometer, which contains information on Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life for 32 countries. The main results suggest that perceptions of governance and attitudes towards tax compliance are positively associated, and their impact differs by country. The study proposes a binary mediation analysis to investigate the direct and indirect effects of governance perception on individual tax compliance, with trust in institutions serving as a mediator. Our findings suggest that a negative perception of governance may influence the trust in institutions and affect willingness to pay taxes.
Scintillation characteristics of the EJ-299-02H scintillator
Authors: Floyd N. , Hassan Md. T. , Tang Z. , Krivoš M. , Blatnik M. , Cude-Woods C. , Clayton S. M. , Holley A. T. , Ito T. M. , Johnson B. A. , Liu C.-Y. , Makela M. , Morris C. L. , Navazo A. S. C. , O’Shaughnessy C. M. , Renner E. L. , Pattie R. W. , Young A. R. 
Published: April 2024

A study of the dead layer thickness and quenching factor of a plastic scintillator for use in ultracold neutron (UCN) experiments is described. Alpha spectroscopy was used to determine the thickness of a thin surface dead layer to be 630 ± 110 nm. The relative light outputs from the decay of 241Am and Compton scattering of electrons were used to extract Birks’ law coefficient, yielding a kB value of 0.087 ± 0.003 mm/MeV, consistent with some previous reports for other polystyrene-based scintillators. The results from these measurements are incorporated into the simulation to show that an energy threshold of (∼9 keV) can be achieved for the UCNProBe experiment. This low threshold enables high beta particle detection efficiency and the indirect measurement of UCN. The ability to make the scintillator deuterated, accompanied by its relatively thin dead layer, gives rise to unique applications in a wide range of UCN experiments, where it can be used to trap UCN and detect charged particles in situ.
Structure and phase transitions in niobium and tantalum derived nanoscale transition metal perovskites, Ba(Ti,MV)O3, M=Nb,Ta
Authors: Lombardi Julien , Yang Long , Farahmand Nasim , Ruffino Anthony , Younes Ali , Spanier Jonathan E. , Billinge Simon J. L. , O’Brien Stephen 
Published: April 2024

The prospect of creating ferroelectric or high permittivity nanomaterials provides motivation for investigating complex transition metal oxides of the form Ba(Ti, MV)O3, where M = Nb or Ta. Solid state processing typically produces mixtures of crystalline phases, rarely beyond minimally doped Nb/Ta. Using a modified sol-gel method, we prepared single phase nanocrystals of Ba(Ti, M)O3. Compositional and elemental analysis puts the empirical formulas close to BaTi0.5Nb0.5O3−δ and BaTi0.5Ta0.5O3−δ. For both materials, a reversible temperature dependent phase transition (non-centrosymmetric to symmetric) is observed in the Raman spectrum in the region 533–583 K (260–310 °C); for Ba(Ti, Nb)O3, the onset is at 543 K (270 °C); and for Ba(Ti, Ta)O3, the onset is at 533 K (260 °C), which are comparable with 390–393 K (117–120 °C) for bulk BaTiO3. The crystal structure was resolved by examination of the powder x-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron total scattering data. It was postulated whether the structure adopted at the nanoscale was single or double perovskite. Double perovskites (A2B′B″O6) are characterized by the type and extent of cation ordering, which gives rise to higher symmetry crystal structures. PDF analysis was used to examine all likely candidate structures and to look for evidence of higher symmetry. The feasible phase space that evolves includes the ordered double perovskite structure Ba2(Ti, MV)O6 (M = Nb, Ta) Fm-3m, a disordered cubic structure, as a suitable high temperature analog, Ba(Ti, MV)O3Pm-3m, and an orthorhombic Ba(Ti, MV)O3Amm2, a room temperature structure that presents an unusually high level of lattice displacement, possibly due to octahedral tilting, and indication of a highly polarized crystal.
Prediction challenge: First principles simulation of the ultrafast electron diffraction spectrum of cyclobutanone
Authors: Suchan Jiří , Liang Fangchun , Durden Andrew S. , Levine Benjamin G. 
Published: April 2024

Computer simulation has long been an essential partner of ultrafast experiments, allowing the assignment of microscopic mechanistic detail to low-dimensional spectroscopic data. However, the ability of theory to make a priori predictions of ultrafast experimental results is relatively untested. Herein, as a part of a community challenge, we attempt to predict the signal of an upcoming ultrafast photochemical experiment using state-of-the-art theory in the context of preexisting experimental data. Specifically, we employ ab initio Ehrenfest with collapse to a block mixed quantum–classical simulations to describe the real-time evolution of the electrons and nuclei of cyclobutanone following excitation to the 3s Rydberg state. The gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) signal is simulated for direct comparison to an upcoming experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Following initial ring-opening, dissociation via two distinct channels is observed: the C3 dissociation channel, producing cyclopropane and CO, and the C2 channel, producing CH2CO and C2H4. Direct calculations of the GUED signal indicate how the ring-opened intermediate, the C2 products, and the C3 products can be discriminated in the GUED signal. We also report an a priori analysis of anticipated errors in our predictions: without knowledge of the experimental result, which features of the spectrum do we feel confident we have predicted correctly, and which might we have wrong?
Estrategias introductoras y tipo de reproducción de las citas directas en el corpus oral PERUSEV
Authors: Repede Doina 
Published: April 2024

Resumen
En las últimas décadas diversos estudios han dado cuenta del amplio abanico de marcos introductores de cita directa en las diferentes variedades del español hablado. Más allá de los verbos dicendi como introductores de cita directa, se ha observado el empleo de la conjunción y, los marcadores discursivos, el adverbio así o la construcción ser de que (De la Mora, 2018; Gallucci, 2018a, 2018b; Gallucci & Vargas, 2015, etc.). En este trabajo buscamos una primera aproximación a las distintas estrategias introductoras de citas directas en el habla de los peruanos residentes en la ciudad de Sevilla, con el fin de conocer cómo se materializa la cita directa en esta variedad de habla, así como el tipo de información que se reproduce. Para lograr estos objetivos, utilizamos 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas que constituyen el corpus oral PERUSEV. El análisis muestra que en nuestros materiales predominan los verbos dicendi y los marcadores nulos como estrategias para introducir el discurso directo. Asimismo, revela la aparición de nuevas formas que no habían sido documentadas en otras variedades de habla hispana. Por tipo de reproducción, se ha observado la presencia, aparte del habla directa del propio hablante o de terceros, también del discurso estereotipado e hipotético.