bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bone marrow fat content and fatty acid composition using quantitative MRI combined with metabonomics in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
Authors: Zhang Tian , Hu Lei , Fei Ziyan , Gao Yufan , Wang Yan , Yan Yuchen , Jiang Jiawei , Liu Weiyin , Zha Yunfei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone marrow of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits through the application of iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimated quantitative sequence (IDEAL-IQ), micro computed tomography (Micro-CT), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Methods Twenty male Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: the diabetic group (n=10) and the control group (n=10).The lumbar vertebral bone marrow fat content of the rabbits was evaluated using the IDEAL-IQ quantification sequence at four-week intervals following the induction of diabetes. Upon the identification of statistically significant differences in the lumbar bone marrow fat fraction (FF) between the diabetic and control groups, the experimental rabbits were euthanized following ethical guidelines.Subsequently, lumbar spine samples were collected for further analysis, including Micro-CT examination, histopathological examination, and GC-MS analysis.
Results In the 16th week, a statistically significant difference in vertebral marrow fat fraction (FF) was observed between the diabetes group and the control group. Micro-CT and histopathological examinations revealed a significant reduction in trabecular bone density and an increased presence of adipocytes in the diabetic group compared to the control group. The OPLS-DA model successfully distinguished between the control group and the diabetic group, identifying nine specific fatty acids that were most strongly associated with the observed differences.
Conclusion In a diabetic rabbit osteoporosis model, there are alterations in the bone marrow fat content and fatty acid composition.
Resection of pleural solitary fibrous tumors with distinct feeding vessels arising from the descending aorta: a case report
Authors: Li Yongsen , Lu Zihao , Hu Wenxuan , Cao Yonghao , lv Xin , Zhao Jun , Xu Chun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Pleural solitary fibrous tumors (pSFTs) are rare mesenchymal pleural tumors with rich vascularity Surgical resection is the cornerstone of pSFTs treatment, requiring meticulous preoperative imaging to delineate lesion extent and vascular supply.
Case presentation:
The patient was a 34-year-old female with a mass measuring approximately 67×42×65 mm in the left posterior mediastinum. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the feeding vessels of the mass closely associated to the descending aorta. Following comprehensive preoperative assessments, thoracoscopic surgery was performed. Intraoperatively, the mass demonstrated rich vascularity. Two veins originating from the abdominal cavity entered the lower pole, one converged from the superior pole, draining into the brachiocephalic vein. Additionally, two arteries arose directly from the descending aorta, while several veins drained into the intercostal veins. In response to unexpected intraoperative vascular findings, vascular clips and silk threads were used to ligate them. Subsequently, the tumor was successfully dissected, with approximately 600ml of blood loss recorded during the 4-hour surgery. The patient exhibited a satisfactory postoperative recovery, and follow-up spanning over six months revealed no indications of recurrence or metastasis.
Conclusions
We present a case of successful resection of a pSFT in a 34-year-old woman with a distinct feeding vessel arising from the descending aorta, which is firstly reported. This case highlights preoperative evaluation of mass vascularity and proper application of preoperative angiography and embolization.
Biomarkers of Anxiety and Depression – A Novel Method of Tracking the Autonomic Nervous System with Machine Learning
Authors: Borthakur Rajlakshmi , Sharma Natwar , Tank Mitesh , Pattanaik Priya Ranjan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel method to understand biomarkers of anxiety and depression by using a concept called Sympathetic Transition Points (STP), which is indicative of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dynamics. Wearables-based Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) data were collected from 61 controls, 60 individuals with depressive symptoms, and 110 individuals with anxiety. By monitoring ANS activity, patterns related to anxiety and mood states and their transitions in real-time were identified, using machine learning. Analysis revealed clear distinctions between groups and enabled tracking of mental state changes. A score of .99 F1, with an ROC of 1 was achieved in automatically classifying anxiety, depression, and neutral states with this method. The method lays the groundwork for automated mental health assessments in real-world settings, introducing an efficient and objective screening protocol. By utilizing wearable technology, machine learning, and ANS monitoring, this work advocates for improved early detection and intervention strategies in mental healthcare.
Phytotoxicity of single and mixed Rare Earth Element (La, Nd and Sm) exposures on Lactuca sativa seed germination and growth
Authors: Egler Silvia Gonçalves , Roldão Tamine Martins , Santos Gabriel Oliveira , Heidelmann Gisele Petronilho , Fraga Inês Gomes , Correia Fabio Veríssimo , Saggioro Enrico Mendes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The mode of action, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of Rare Earth Elements (REE), with several applications in the technology, medical and agricultural fields, are still understudied. The nitrates acute effects on single exposures, binary and ternary mixtures of lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm) on Lactuca sativa lettuce seed germination and wet biomass in an artificial soil (AS) and an Ultisol were assessed. Germination (EC50), wet biomass (IC50) and germination inhibition (% GI) were evaluated. EC50 values La was the most toxic in PVA, Sm in AS, and Nd appears with intermediate values on both substrates. The IC50, both single and mixed, decreased from 3- to 181-fold with increasing test concentrations in relation to the control in AS, while increases in Ultisol were observed, followed by decreases at higher doses which may be associated with the low-dose stimulation effect (hormesis). Our findings may be used to subsidize REE risk assessment studies and reinforce the hormesis effect to prevent the use of high application of REE fertilizers, avoiding the accumulation of REE in agricultural soils.
One-stone-two-birds Nano-cocktail Enables Cancer Cells/Stem Cells Dual Depletion and Efficacy/Toxicity Benefit Maximization in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Tongyao , Chen Yao , Yuan Haimeng , Yang Shuqian , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Yuequan , Zhang Shenwu , Chen Qin , Sun Jin , He Zhonggui , Luo Cong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as the culprits of chemoresistance, tumor metastasis and relapse. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs not only fail to effectively kill CSCs, but induce the acquisition of stemness characteristics in non-stem cancer cells. Meanwhile, most anti-CSCs drugs display marginal inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, developing a cancer cells/CSCs double-killing modality is highly desired.
Methods: A carrier-free nano-cocktail is developed through precise co-assembly of a redox-responsive dimeric prodrug of docetaxel (DTX) and salinomycin (SAL, an anti-CSCs drug) for breast cancer treatment. In this study, we systematically investigated the co-assembly mechanism, reduction-responsive drug release behavior, cellular uptake efficiency, synergistic cytotoxicity, and anti-CSCs efficacy of the nano-cocktail through in vitro experiments. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and synergistic anti-tumor/CSCs activity were explored in vivo.
Results: Precision combination of DTX and SAL not only shows synergistic tumor killing activity, but also sharply reduces the proportion of CSCs in tumors. More importantly, tumor-specific prodrug activation-initiated drug release confers high drug co-delivery efficiency and low off-target toxicity risk to the nano-cocktail. As expected, such a one-stone-two-birds nanomedicine has excellent performance on tumor stemness depletion, antitumor responses, and treatment safety in a breast cancer mouse xenograft model.
Conclusion: This study advances cancer cells/CSCs double-killing nanotherapeutics towards clinical breast cancer therapy.
Assessment on Climate Variability Trends and Small-holder Farmer-Adaptation Strategies: A case of Guagusa Shikudad Woreda, Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu Dagnaw 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Climate change is a global phenomenon that involves the long-term fluctuation of the Earth's climate system. Specifically, climate variability is one of the pressing environmental problems in the world, since it has been showing a drastic fluctuation from the usual condition in some parameters. This study examined trends in climate variability and adaptation strategies of small farmers: A case of Guagusa Shikudad Woreda, Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional research designs were used to collect information from 271 randomly selected households in two rural kebeles. Multistage sampling techniques were used to purposely select the study area and random sampling to select households. Primary and secondary data collection methods were used. A long period of climate data (temperature and rainfall) was obtained from the National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) (1981-2021). Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Kendall trend test were used to analyze the data.The study results indicate that small farmers perceived that there is variability in climate parameters (temperature and rainfall) with frequent drought and rainfall intensity characteristics in recent decades. The Mann-Kendall test indicated that mean annual rainfall does not have significant level of climate variability and Sen's slope estimator test shows that the temperature of maximum and minimum climate data has an increasing trend. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize farmer perceptions, to see the actual seasonal/annual variability of rainfall and temperature, and to identify the different adaptation responses to climate variability. Crop diversification, grow crops that mature early, implement nonfarm agriculture activities, use of inorganic fertilizer, applying soil and water conservation mechanism, etc. were identified as major important adaptation strategies implemented by smallholder farmers. Therefore, it is concluded that there is climate variability in terms of temperature and rainfall in the study area and farmers implement various climate adaptation strategies. This study suggests that it is necessary to reduce the challenges facing farmers to implement different adaptation strategies and implement appropriate climate variability adaptation strategies that increase the resilience of small farmers to climate variability.
Entacapone Nanoemulsion: Formulation Design, Optimization, and Evaluation
Authors: Garla Venkateswarlu , Shaik Shahul Hussain , Gugulothu Dalapathi , Malakapogu Ravindra Babu , SK Abdul Rahama , Deepa N , Kusuma Praveen Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Entacapone is utilized as an adjunct to levodopa therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome. According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, it is classified as a class IV drug. The solubility of a substance can be enhanced by utilizing nanoemulsion, which can also effectively traverse the blood-brain barrier owing to its nanoscale dimensions. The formulation utilized various proportions of Capmul Medium Chain Mono and Diglycerides as the oil phase, Pluronic F127, and Phospholipin 90 as hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants. Optimization was performed using 32 factorial designs in Design Expert®8.0.5.2 software, incorporating mixing speed, time, and sonication parameters. The nanoemulsion exhibited an average particle size of 120.8±1.9nm, with a low polydispersity index of 0.144, indicating a uniform globule size. The zeta potential suggested good stability, while the XRD pattern indicated decreased drug crystallinity. The TEM images confirm that the size of the particles falls within the range of 120–150 nm and there is no evidence of aggregation. The drug was released at a rate of 80.33±0.92% for 8 hours. The current study demonstrates enhancements in the solubility and stability of formulated nanoemulsions designed for oral delivery.
Role of JAK2/STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway in Jurkat T cells secretion of cytokines induced by traffic-related PM 2.5 and different components
Authors: Wang Qianyu , Zhao Lifang , Kong Weican , Tian Jiayu , Liu Nannan , Wang Caihong , Zheng Huiqiu , Guan Linlin , Shi Dongxing , Gao Yuhui , Nasier Halimaimaiti , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Studies have shown that traffic-related PM2.5 (TRPM2.5) can damage the immune system and reduce resistance to various diseases. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, Jurkat T cells were used as immune cells model. Exposure to different concentrations of TRPM2.5, water-soluble ions (WSI), and organic extract (OE) aggravated the inflammation of Jurkat T cells, increased the mRNA and protein expressions of JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), decreased the proportions of Treg cells, and then diminished the release of cytokine IL-10 and TGF-β. However, after AG490 treatment, JAK2 and p-JAK2 mRNA and protein levels were inhibited, and STAT5 and Foxp3 mRNA and protein expressions were improved. Moreover, after transfection with STAT5 plasmid, the mRNA and protein expression of STAT5 and Foxp3 was significantly enhanced. Therefore, JAK2/STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway may play a critical regulatory role in the alteration of inflammatory mediators of Jurkat T cells induced by TRPM2.5 and its different components, which provides a scientific reference for the immune-inflammatory diseases caused by PM2.5.
UPI Fraud Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)
Authors: NAGARAJU MELAM , IT Yarramreddy Chandrasena Reddy Dept. of , Babu Polavarapu Nagendra , Ravipati Venkata Sai Pavan , Chaitanya Velpula 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In response to the escalating threat of online banking fraud, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper introduces a novel approach utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for fraud detection. The study focuses on developing machine learning models tailored for recognizing fraudulent transactions and addresses challenges such as imbalanced datasets, feature transformation, and engineering. The proposed CNN-based model exhibits superior accuracy, particularly in handling imbalanced datasets, offering a promising solution compared to traditional algorithms. The research emphasizes the adaptability of CNNs to unconventional data types, such as banking transactions, and showcases their ability to capture intricate fraud patterns. Evaluation metrics include precision, recall, F1-Score, ROC Curve, and AUC, providing a comprehensive assessment of the model's effectiveness.
Significant differences in virioplankton structure and viral infection of bacteria in coastal and open waters of the western Laptev Sea (Arctic): influence of river discharge
Authors: Kopylov Alexander I. , Zabotkina Elena A. , Romanenko Anna V. , Kosolapov Dmitriy B. , Sazhin Andrey F. , Romanova Nadezhda D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The warming of the Arctic causes increased freshwater input from rivers into the Arctic seas. A high concentration of suspended particulate material entering coastal water via river runoff considerably affects the structure of the viral community and viral infection and mortality of bacteria. The abundance, structure, and activity of planktonic viruses were assessed across zones subjected to varying degrees to Khatanga River runoff. The number of free-living, bacteria-attached, and particle-attached viruses, determined by transmission electron microscope, ranged from 9.6 to 86.3 × 105 viruses mL− 1, 0.3 to 4.9 × 105 viruses mL− 1, and 0.6 to 18.1 × 105 viruses mL− 1, respectively. The relative amount of free-living viruses in the total number of virioplankton varied from 40% in the mixed waters of Khatanga Bay to 94% in seawater of the continental slope. The abundance of free-living viruses was strongly negatively correlated with the abundance of suspended particles 0.3–210 µm in size. The frequency of visibly infected bacterial cells was strongly negatively correlated with the abundance of suspended particles with a size of 0.3–3.0 µm. The viral-mediated mortality of bacteria was 3.7–29.6% (on average 10.3 ± 0.8%) of bacterial production. The large amount of fine suspended particles contained in coastal waters of the western Laptev Sea appears to significantly reduce both the abundance of free-living viruses and ability of viruses to infect bacteria, due to the effective adsorption of viruses by these suspended particles.
Delving into the Fabric of Tech Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems within Start-up Hubs
Authors: Gupta Reena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This qualitative research delves into the intricate dynamics of tech start-up communities and entrepreneurial ecosystems, aiming to provide valuable insights into the factors that shape their success and sustainability. By employing qualitative methodologies, including interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, this study explores key themes such as collaboration and networking, resource accessibility, mentorship and support, and regulatory environment. The findings highlight the critical role of collaboration and networking in driving entrepreneurship within start-up communities. Participants emphasized the importance of building strong relationships and networks with peers, mentors, investors, and other stakeholders, facilitating knowledge sharing, access to resources, and opportunities for collaboration. Informal networks and structured programs were identified as essential components of the ecosystem, providing platforms for interaction and collaboration among ecosystem stakeholders. Access to resources emerged as a significant challenge for many entrepreneurs, particularly those at the early stages of venture development. Limited availability of financial capital, talent, and infrastructure poses barriers to start-up growth, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address resource gaps. Mentorship and support were identified as critical elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, providing guidance, advice, and encouragement to aspiring founders. Formal mentorship programs, peer support networks, and community-driven initiatives all play important roles in providing entrepreneurs with the support they need to succeed. Furthermore, the regulatory environment was identified as a significant factor shaping the entrepreneurial landscape, with government policies and regulations impacting start-up growth and innovation. While some regions have supportive regulatory environments that encourage entrepreneurship, others face bureaucratic hurdles and regulatory uncertainty that hinder business growth. Overall, this research offers important implications for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs seeking to foster innovation and drive economic growth in the digital age. By understanding the dynamics of collaboration and networking, resource accessibility, mentorship and support, and regulatory environment, stakeholders can work together to nurture and sustain vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Understanding the Impact of Emerging Technologies on Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Reynolds Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement, the intersection of emerging technologies and entrepreneurial ventures has become a focal point of inquiry for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners alike. This qualitative research seeks to explore the multifaceted impact of emerging technologies on entrepreneurial endeavors, shedding light on the motivations, challenges, strategies, and outcomes associated with technology-driven entrepreneurship. Through in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs operating in diverse industries and geographical regions, this study elucidates the complex dynamics shaping the relationship between emerging technologies and entrepreneurial ventures. The findings reveal a diverse array of motivations driving entrepreneurs to adopt and integrate emerging technologies into their ventures, including economic incentives, social impact objectives, and environmental sustainability goals. However, the integration of emerging technologies is not without its challenges, as entrepreneurs encounter regulatory uncertainties, organizational resistance, and resource constraints in their quest to innovate. Despite these challenges, entrepreneurs employ various strategies, such as forming strategic partnerships, fostering innovation culture, and embracing customer-centric approaches, to successfully integrate emerging technologies into their ventures and drive innovation. The implications of these findings extend to both theory and practice in technology-driven entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for policymakers, investors, and practitioners to create an enabling environment that supports innovation and entrepreneurship. By understanding the drivers, barriers, and strategies associated with technology adoption in entrepreneurial ventures, stakeholders can better support and capitalize on the transformative potential of emerging technologies to drive economic growth and societal progress. In summary, this research contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between emerging technologies and entrepreneurial ventures, offering insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of technology-driven entrepreneurship.
WITHDRAWN: Allen Type III Fingertip Amputation Injury: Conservative Management with Moist Wound Dressings (Case report)
Authors: Aldaer Adnan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Conservative care or surgery are used to treat fingertip amputation injuries. The location and extent of tissue loss in the wound, as well as the nation and region, all influence the management approaches for these injuries. In the US, conservative care or revision amputation is typical. However, in Japan, surgical methods such as replantation or reconstruction are favored; as a result, even in instances that qualify for conservative treatment, a surgery is carried out. Here, we describe a case of fingertip amputation damage for which a plastic surgeon offered reconstructive surgery; nevertheless, the patient chose conservative care, utilizing moist wound dressings.
Case Report: A hefty iron door crushed the middle finger of a 30-year-old woman, resulting in an Allen type III fingertip amputation injury. There was no recovery of the severed fingertip. The patient was first advised to have reconstructive surgery by the chief plastic surgeon. Nevertheless, the patient chose conservative management, so she came to our hospital's Wound Care Department. After receiving conservative care and moist wound dressings (Plus moist TM), the wound healed in 12 weeks with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Conclusions: For Allen type III fingertip amputation injuries, conservative therapy using moist wound dressings can be a beneficial therapeutic approach. It is preferable to give the patient's preferences top priority when choosing a course of treatment when the fingertip amputation damage can be managed conservatively or surgically.