bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of valsalva with associated chest pain: Report of two cases
Authors: Thompson LCdr Stanley I. , Vieweg Cdr W. V. R. , Alpert LCdr Joseph S. , Hagan Capt A. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEctopic origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva is an infrequent coronary anomaly. The right coronary artery then passes between the aorta and pulmonary artery. We report two such cases with chest pain suggestive of angina pectoris in the absence of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by selective coronary arteriography. A technique for selectively catheterizing the ectopic right coronary artery is described.
Coronary arteriography by the percutaneous transfemoral technique in patients on intraaortic counterpulsation
Authors: Fernandez Jose J. , Feldman Mark J. , Schocket Lee , Carroll John F. , DeSando C. James , Bast Gary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPresented are the results of the use of the transfemoral approach for coronary arteriography, as a safe alternative to the brachial approach, in evaluating patients in cardiogenic shock. Five patients, each with an intraaortic balloon pump device in operation, were evaluated. No complications were encountered using the transfemoral approach.
A quantitative method for determining angiographic jet energy forces and their dissipation: Theoretic and practical implications
Authors: Abbott Joseph A. , Lipton Martin J. , Hayashi Thomas , Lee Francis C. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJets emanating from the exit holes of cardiac catheters during angiographic injections are theoretically capable of producing severe localized cardiovascular trauma. We adopted a fluid mechanical model of an axially symmetric jet to define these energy forces quantitatively, especially as they would occur in the clinical setting. During angiographic injection at all catheter flow rates used clinically, the jet emanating from the exit hole was always turbulent. The physical characteristics of the turbulent jet penetration into the intravascular blood fell upon a universal curve independent of the jet Reynolds number. This curve, never previously described, allows ready calculation of hydraulic energy dissipation for any catheter of known length and lumen size. The diameter of the catheter exit orifice has a greater effect than injection flow rate on decreasing jet penetration. These results provide useful guidelines for reducing trauma during routine angiography.
Comparison between regional myocardial blood flow measurements and results of exercise tests
Authors: Roberts Barbara H. , Cohn Peter F. , Holman B. Leonard , Adams Douglass F. , See Jackie R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between regional myocardial blood flow and the results of exercise tests were evaluated in 54 patients, 40 of whom had angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease (CAD) and 14 had normal angiograms. After 20 patients had 2‐step tests, 20 had bicycle ergometry, and 14 had treadmill tests, regional myocardial specific blood flow (RMBF) at rest was determined by selective injections of xenon‐133 into the left coronary artery and quadrantic washout measured with an Anger camera. RMBF (ml/min/100 gm, mean ± S.E.) was significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease (72 ± 3) than in normals (91 ± 7, p<.05) but RMBF in 12 CAD patients with negative exercise tests (75 ± 6) was similar to regional myocardial blood flow in 28 coronary artery disease patients with positive exercise tests (71 ± 4). Degree of ST depression did not influence results. Although measurement of RMBF and exercise testing are both useful procedures in the evaluation of patients with CAD, the data in the present study indicate the RMBF measurements at rest cannot predict the result of the postexercise ECG and vice versa.
Assessing the Blalock‐Hanlon atrioseptectomy at cardiac catheterization
Authors: Clark Edward B. , Rosenquist Glenn C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlalock‐Hanlon atrial septectomy (BH) is performed to increase systemic and pulmonary venous mixing at the atrial level. Failure of clinical improvement may be related to inadequate intraatrial communication. A simple catheterization technique employing a balloon catheter is used to assess the presence or absence of the limbus of the foramen ovale following BH, since persistence of the limbus of the fossa ovalis after BH is associated with significantly smaller percentage of communication (atrial communication area/total atrial area).
Microreactor Processing for the Aqueous Kolbe‐Schmitt Synthesis of Hydroquinone and Phloroglucinol
Authors: Hessel V. , Hofmann C. , Löb P. , Löwe H. , Parals M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHydroquinone and phloroglucinol were used as substrates for the aqueous Kolbe‐Schmitt synthesis, using a novel processing methodology, termed high‐p,T processing, recently demonstrated for the carboxylation of resorcinol. By the high‐p,T approach, the temperature limitations of classical batch synthesis, e.g., set by reflux conditions (solvent boiling point), can be overcome by simple technical expenditure, e.g., the use of a few microstructured components, a capillary, and a needle valve at very low internal holdup. In this way, favorable speed‐up of chemical reaction is achieved at temperatures normally outside the useful range for organic synthesis. While the hydroquinone synthesis gave only very low yields, phloroglucinol was converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid at a high yield of 50 %, which is about 20 % higher than for a laboratory batch synthesis. Process intensification was achieved by reducing the reaction time from 2 h for the batch synthesis to 50 s for the micro processing. However, the most favorable temperature is limited to ca. 130 °C, since at higher temperatures, decarboxylation of the product back to phloroglucinol outpaces the speed‐up of the reaction, while at lower temperatures, the reaction rate and conversion are insufficient.
Herstellung pulverförmiger mehrphasiger Komposite mittels des PGSS‐Verfahrens
Authors: Wendt T. , Brandin G. , Kilzer A. , Petermann M. , Weidner E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren lag der Schwerpunkt der Partikelerzeugung mit Hilfe des PGSS (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions) ‐Verfahrens auf der Herstellung von Pulvern aus Einkomponentensystemen und Kompositen aus festen Ausgangsmaterialien für die Pulverlackindustrie. Zur Erzeugung von Pulverlacken wurden hierbei zumeist komplett mischbare Systeme aus einem Härter und einem Binder versprüht. In Ergänzung zu den vorangegangenen Arbeiten wurden jetzt erstmalig mehrphasige pulverförmige Komposite hergestellt, bei denen eine Flüssigkeit in Pulverpartikeln eingekapselt wurde. Es wurden unterschiedliche Systeme untersucht, um die Eigenschaften und Abhängigkeiten der erzeugten Systeme von den Prozessparametern, den benutzten Substanzen und der Emulsionsstabilität zu zeigen. Dies wird unter anderem für ein Paraffinwachs gezeigt, das in einem Polyester verkapselt wurde. Um den Einfluss der Emulsionsstabilität näher zu untersuchen, wurden drei weitere Stoffpaarungen mit erhöhter Emulsionsstabilität pulverisiert.
Reduktion der Prozessschritte durch unmittelbare Selbstbeschichtung von Partikeln
Authors: Römbach E. , Ulrich J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn dem binären Stoffsystem Ibuprofen und Cetylpalmitat soll die Anwendbarkeit der Idee der unmittelbaren Selbstbeschichtung überprüft werden. Da die unmittelbare Selbstbeschichtung sehr stark von den thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften des Stoffsystems abhängt, werden das Phasendiagramm, der Trenneffekt während der Kristallisation sowie die thermische Stabilität des Stoffsystems untersucht. Zur Bestimmung des Phasendiagramms wird die Differential Scanning Calorimetry angewandt. Die thermische Stabilität der Reinstoffe wird mithilfe der Thermogravimetrie und der Pulverröntgendiffraktometrie überprüft.
Einsatz unterschiedlicher Rührwerkskugelmühlen für die Erzeugung von Nanopartikeln
Authors: Breitung‐Faes S. , Kwade A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie Erzeugung von keramischen Nanopartikeln, insbesondere von Metalloxiden, durch Zerkleinerung in Rührwerkskugelmühlen ist zurzeit noch durch einen hohen Verschleiß der Mahlkörper und die damit verbundene Produktkontamination sowie hohe Energieeinträge und lange Zerkleinerungszeiten gekennzeichnet. Durch den Einsatz sogenannter Hochleistungsmühlen und die gezielte Modifizierung des Prozesses sollen die Wirtschaftlichkeit und die Produktqualität verbessert werden. Zur Ermittlung der Leistungsfähigkeit unterschiedlicher Mühlengeometrien wurden zunächst zwei Hochleistungsmühlen im Vergleich zur klassischen Rührwerkskugelmühle mit Lochscheibenrührwerk untersucht. Beide Hochleistungsmühlen weisen höhere Leistungsdichten auf als die Lochscheiben‐Rührwerkskugelmühle. Dies bedeutet vor allem im submikronen Bereich eine schnellere und effektivere Zerkleinerung. Der auf das Produkt bezogene Verschleiß der Mahlkörper konnte dabei nicht verringert werden.
Effect of normal mouse serum on mouse lymphocyte transformation in vitro
Authors: Nelson D. S. , Shneider Cynthia N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse spleen cells were cultured in the presence or absence of one of the following mitogens: phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, allogeneic spleen cells or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The addition of normal mouse serum (NMS) to the cultures usually depressed mitogen‐induced lymphocyte transformation as measured by DNA, RNA or protein synthesis, whether calculated as gross or net synthesis. The degree of depression was increased as the concentration of NMS serum increased. DNA and RNA synthesis in unstimulated cultures were also usually depressed by NMS. NMS added 24 hours or more after the start of cultures with PHA or allogeneic lymphocytes was less depressive than serum present from the start and in some cases, actually increased DNA synthesis. The presence of NMS in cultures containing supra‐optimal doses of concanavalin A could also increase DNA synthesis. Cells incubated with NMS for 24 hours survived as well as cells incubated without NMS, but subsequently responded less well to PHA. Cells passed through a column of glass wool had a lower baseline DNA synthesis, which was not inhibited by NMS; they responded less well to mitogens and this response was further depressed by NMS.It is suggested that NMS contains a factor which damps the proliferation of mouse T and B cells, without exerting an overt cytotoxic effect, and that it acts directly on lymphocytes.
Antigenic determinants in the N‐terminal halves of human κ‐chains; their relation to the variable region subgroups
Authors: Orlans Eva , Pearce Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies directed against the variable (V) regions of both the heavy and light chains are found consistently in fowl antisera to polyclonal human F(ab′)2. When tested by absorption and precipitation with κ‐Bence‐Jones proteins of known amino acid sequences, nearly all such antisera were found to contain antibodies specific for one or more of the three basic Vκ sequences. This result indicates that a very high proportion of the normal κ‐chain population carries determinants which correspond to sequence patterns derived from analyses of pathological monoclonal proteins.Although it was possible to determine the Vκ subgroups of some intact monoclonal immunoglobulins with antisera, the procedure has serious limitations. One of these is the need to absorb all antibody to VH‐region antigens with suitable monoclonal λ proteins; of 14 IgM proteins examined with such absorbed antisera, 8 were found to have κI light chains, 3 were κIII, I was κII, and 2 could not be classified. Another limitation, which applies also to Bence‐Jones proteins, is the occurrence of antigenically deficient κ‐chains, accounting for 10–20% of the proteins tested. One such protein (κIII Rad) did not precipitate with most of the anti‐VκIII sera, but differed in only 7 positions from the basic κIII sequence.
Increase in intracellular immunoglobulins in the majority of splenic lymphoid cells after primary immunization
Authors: Pachmann Katharina , Killander D. , Wigzell H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) in individual mouse spleen lymphocytes was determined by quantitative microspectrofluorimetry after “staining” with fluorescein‐labeled anti‐Ig antibodies. During a primary immune response against sheep erythrocytes, maximally 0.015 % of the cells produced direct hemolytic plaques, but close to 100 % of lymphoid cells displayed an increase in their intracellular Ig on day 3 to 4 after immunization. This increase consisted of IgM, later to be followed in a large fraction (up to 80 %) of the cells by IgGl. A positive correlation was found between rate of protein synthesis and fluorescence intensity in the single cell. Preliminary data suggested that activated thymus‐derived cells displayed an increase in an intracellular material, cross‐reactive with serum IgM. Attempts to demonstrate that the intracellular increase was due to endocytosis of Ig in various forms failed in several model systems. The reported phenomenon might demonstrate the production of a substance, capable of alerting the majority of all lymphoid cells during a primary immune response, into increased Ig synthesis.
Cell surface immunoglobulin. VI. Dynamics on a human lymphoma line
Authors: Grundke‐Iqbal Inge , Uhr J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRelease of cell surface Ig and secretion of Ig has been studied in Daudi cells, a human lymphoma cell line synthesizing IgM that appears to be a neoplastic counterpart of B lymphocytes. In contrast to murine splenocytes, virtually no internally labeled Ig and only a small proportion of cell surface Ig are released during 8 hours of in vitro incubation. Released cell surface Ig can be recovered in the medium predominantly as 8 S IgM monomer probably attached noncovalently to a fragment of plasma membrane. This shedding of cell surface Ig appears to be dependent on the prior culture phase of the cells. Thus, in cells from cultures kept at high density, there was greater release of cell surface Ig apparently associated with cell death.
Binding and redistribution of lectins on lymphocyte membrane
Authors: Loor F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe redistribution of fluorochrome‐conjugated agglutinins bound to the lymphocyte plasma membrane is investigated. Two “T” lymphocyte mitogens (concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)) bind to and redistribute equally well (spotting and capping) on the lymphocyte, whether they are “B” (Ig+) or “T” (Ig−).One B cell mitogen (pokeweed mitogen (PWM)) does not bind detectably either to T or to B lymphocytes, although it binds to macrophages and to thymocytes in a perfectly ring‐like pattern. Its redistribution requires anti‐PWM antibodies.The nonmitogenic poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) binds to virtually all lymphocytes, and rapidly forms caps. PLL binds more strongly to T cells than to B cells.The agglutinin concentration is critical for the formation of agglutinin caps on the cell surface, as well as for the free mobility of Ig receptors.Finally, lectin‐coated beads pick up B and T cells equally well, irrelevantly of their mitogenicity. Cell attachment to agglutinin‐coated beads does not induce any demonstrable capping of either agglutinin‐binding sites or membrane Ig. When the cells are further treated with soluble agglutinins or anti‐Ig antibodies, they form caps mainly oriented towards the lectin‐coated beads.These results show the high mobility of lymphocyte membrane components, the independence of agglutinin‐binding sites and of most of the Ig receptors, and a polarization of cell with regard to cap formation. They exclude any straightforward correlations between agglutinin binding, membrane component redistribution and lymphocyte triggering.
Bursal and postbursal cells in chicken Separation by gradient centrifugation
Authors: Toivanen P. , Toivanen A. , Tamminen P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid cells of bursa of Fabricius taken from 2 1/2‐week old chickens were separated in a discontinuous albumin gradient into six fractions. At this age, the bursa contains bursal stem cells and early postbursal cells; only the bursal stem cells are capable of restoring the bursal morphology of cyclophosphamide‐treated recipients. Cells from each fraction of the albumin gradient were injected into 4‐day old cyclophosphamide‐treated, histocompatible recipients. Forty days after the cell transplantation, microscopic morphology of bursa and spleen, and antibody formation to sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus were studied. The low density bursa cells were found capable of a significant restoration of the bursal morphology, while those with a higher density had significantly less effect on the bursal morphology. When bursa cells from 10‐week old donors were used, no clear fractionation was obtained according to the capacity to restore the bursal morphology of cyclophosphamide‐treated recipients. These findings indicate that the bursal stem cells capable of restoring bursal structure of cyclophosphamide‐treated chicks are, in average, lighter in density than the postbursal cells.
Effects of anti‐immunoglobulin sera on migration inhibition mediated by human lymphocytes
Authors: Marsman A. J. W. , van der Hart Mia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMigration inhibition experiments were performed with mixtures of sensitized human lymphocytes and guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells. Treatment of human lymphocytes with a rabbit anti‐human light chain serum (ALCS) abolished their capacity to cause antigen‐induced migration inhibition, whereas treatment with anti‐heavy chain sera did not. The specificity of ALCS was confirmed by absorption studies. The finding that anti‐heavy chain sera did not influence migration inhibition is consistent with other evidence that B cells are not directly involved in the migration inhibition process. The results provide indirect evidence that the — presumably thymus‐dependent — lymphocytes primarily involved in the migration inhibition process carry light chain determinants on their membrane.
T cell recognition of cell‐surface antigens. II. Antigen recognition is necessary yet not sufficient for triggering T cell‐mediated immunity
Authors: Wekerle H. , Kölsch E. , Feldman M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated whether recognition per se of cell surface antigens by lymphocytes is both necessary and sufficient to trigger sensitization of T cells. We assayed sensitization of normal rat lymphocytes against monolayers of mouse fibroblasts by measuring the acquisition of cytotoxicity against target monolayers syngeneic to the sensitizing monolayer, following 5 days of culturing on living or glutaraldehyde‐fixed fibroblasts. Monolayers of either living or glutaraldehyde‐treated fibroblasts were used as cellular immunoadsorbents to assay recognition.Glutaraldehyde treatment of mouse fibroblasts did not seem to alter the cell surface antigens detectable by alloantibodies. Yet, rat lymphocytes cultured on such monolayers did not undergo sensitization. This was not due to the lack of feeder effect by the glutaraldehyde‐fixed monolayers, since the addition of living rat fibroblasts, which sustained the survival of the lymphocytes, did not result in sensitization. Not even when living fibroblasts were added to syngeneic fixed monolayers did sensitization of the rat lymphocytes against the monolayer cells occur. Yet, addition of living fibroblasts to fixed allogeneic monolayers resulted in sensitization against the living fibroblasts, but not against the fixed cells.To test whether lymphocytes recognize surface antigens of glutaraldehyde‐treated monolayers, the capacity of the latter to specifically adsorb lymphocytes possessing receptors for the fibroblast antigen was measured. The nonadhering rat lymphocytes, seeded on glutaraldehyde‐treated C3H fibroblasts, lost their capacity to become sensitized against fresh C3H cells, but retained their capacity to react against BALB/c fibroblasts. Recognition of C3H antigen did take place, yet this was not sufficient to trigger sensitization. Thus, rat lymphocytes seem to recognize the antigens of fixed monolayers, but cannot respond to them.
Evaluation of two sources of soluble HL‐A antigens: platelets and serum
Authors: Pellegrino M. A. , Ferrone S. , Pellegrino Anna G. , Oh S. K. , Reisfeld R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlatelets and human serum have been evaluated as sources for extraction of soluble HL‐A antigens. 3 M KCl was found to efficiently solubilize HL‐A antigens from platelets with a recovery ranging between 50 and 100 %. However, because of the low density of HL‐A determinants on platelets, the yield of soluble antigens is low, as only 1 mg of protein can be recovered from 1 × 109 platelets. Thus, while it is difficult to solubilize sufficient antigens from platelets for chemical characterization, it is possible to use these materials for biological applications such as pretreatment of kidney recipients. Soluble HL‐A antigen is present in human serum, since following extensive ultracentrifugation, it can still effectively inhibit the cytotoxic activity of HL‐A alloantisera. The same HL‐A specificities were found to be present in varying amounts among different donors. Partial purification of such antigens can be achieved by ion‐exchange chromatography of serum on QAE‐Sephadex.
Inability to block the activity of guinea pig migration inhibitory factor with di‐isopropyl phosphorofluoridate
Authors: David J. R. , Becker E. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies were carried out to confirm a previous report that the activity of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was blocked by di‐isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP), suggesting it acted as a protease. MIF was obtained by the stimulation of guinea pig lymphocytes with concanavalin A and the culture supernatants were chromatographed on Sephadex G‐100 gel columns. The MIF‐rich fraction was incubated with DFP or with other organophosphorus esterase inhibitors; the inhibitors were removed by dialysis, and the media were tested for MIF activity. The results, reported here, indicate that guinea pig MIF activity is not destroyed by treatment with serine esterase inhibitors.
Cell surface markers for human T and B lymphocytes
Authors: Brown G. , Greaves M. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of 4 cell surface marker systems have been developed and applied to human thymus, tonsil and purified blood lymphocyte populations. Double fluorochrome and mixed fluorochrome‐rosette tests were used to determine cellular specificity and interrelationship of cells bearing the different markers and the results confirmed by a variety of cell separation procedures. Anti‐brain antisera were, after appropriate absorption, T cell‐specific and identified the same population as that forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. This T cell population was quite distinct from those cells, presumably B lymphcytes, with cell surface immunoglobulin readily demonstrable by fluorescence. A small proportion of “lymphoid” cells (“null” cells) lacked all three markers. Heat‐aggregated human IgG (AggHIgG) was also used as a presumptive B cell marker and the results indicate that although most B lymphocytes do bind AggHIgG, presumably via an Fc receptor, a small proportion of thymocytes and presumptive T cells in tonsils also appear to possess a similar receptor. Almost all of these cells in tonsil were in fact lymphoblasts, thus raising the possibility that an Fc receptor is exposed or expressed on T lymphocytes when these cells are activated.