bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the immune response to an allograft: Amino acid incorporation by peripheral white blood cells in man
Authors: Blamey R W , Bennett R C , Singer A M , Nicol Rita , Harrison J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The uptake in vitro of3H-thymidine and of3H-uridine by white blood cells freshly taken from the recipients of renal transplants has been followed at regular intervals during the period of the patients' hospitalization. In addition, groups of subjects without renal failure undergoing operation and of patients on chronic dialysis have been studied. Of 33 patients undergoing rejection of their kidney, 28 showed a marked rise in the incorporation of thymidine over the period of rejection. However, a similar rise appears to accompany episodes of inter-current infection.
Meckel's bleeding diverticulum diagnosed by mesenteric arteriography
Authors: Hall T J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The details of a young adult patient who presented with chronic gastro-intestinal blood loss as a complication of Meckel's diverticulum are reported. A preoperative diagnosis was made using superior mesenteric arteriography. The merits of superior mesenteric arteriography and other investigations currently available in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum are discussed.
The complications of synchronous combined excision for adenocarcinoma of the rectum at St Mark's hospital
Authors: Marks C G , Ritchie Jean K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The complications of synchronous combined excision of the rectum for adenocarcinoma in 227 patients were analysed. Urinary retention with infection occurred in 78 patients (34-4 per cent) and was the commonest complication. There was a significant correlation between tumours involving the anterior quadrants of the rectum and urinary complications.
Primary suture of the perineal wound with closed drainage was associated with a higher incidence of complications than open drainage.
The cumulative risk of a paracolostomy hernia in the sixth postoperative year was approximately 33 per cent. Extraperitoneal colostomy gave some protection against paracolostomy herniation.
The efficiency of surgical masks of varying design and composition
Authors: Quesnel Louis B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five different types of surgical mask of varying design and composition of natural and synthetic fibres were tested for their efficiency in vivo by means of a special test chamber. Contaminated particles escaping through or around the mask during speech by the wearer could be collected and sized. Analysis of the data showed that the gross efficiency of all the masks was high, but that some masks were distinctly better at small particle “filtration” than others. There was a significant difference in efficiency between the best and worst masks. The best masks contained more fabric, were softer and were pleated, while the worst were stiffer, smaller and not pleated. Reusable cotton fabric masks were as effective as synthetic fabric masks when made to a good design.
Does the choice of suture material affect the incidence of wound infection? A comparison of Dexon (polyglycolic acid) sutures with other commonly used sutures in an accident and emergency department
Authors: Mouzas G L , Yeadon A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and four patients with superficial lacerations were sutured with either Dexon (polyglycolic acid), silk, polyethylene or nylon sutures. The incidence of postoperative tissue reaction and wound infection was compared.
There were few complications and these occurred with almost the same frequency in each suture group, although there were slightly more cases of infection in the patients who were sutured with silk.
Dexon was seen to possess certain advantages in that it caused as little tissue reaction as the other sutures but did not have to be removed subsequently. This could clearly be of benefit to the patients and hospital staff alike.
In situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast: A long term follow-up study
Authors: Millis R R , Thynne G S J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-eight patients with in situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast are reviewed. Two patients had bilateral tumours. The numbers of patients treated by wide local excision, simple mastectomy and mastectomy with axillary dissection were approximately equal; none of these patients died of carcinoma. The conclusions regarding prognosis and treatment of in situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast are discussed.
Operative cholangiography: A reappraisal based on a review of 400 cholangiograms
Authors: Faris Irwin , Thomson James P S , Grundy D J , Le Quesne L P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the period 1957–72, 426 patients were operated upon for calculous disease of the biliary tract. For various reasons pre-exploratory operative cholangiography was not performed in 26 patients, but in the remaining 400 patients this examination was the major determinant as to whether or not the common duct contained calculi, and hence required exploration. Analysis of this series of 400 patients shows that without operative cholangiography (a) ductal stones would have been overlooked in 16 of the 78 patients with stones in the common duct (4 per cent of the whole series; 20.5 per cent of those with stones in the common bile duct); (b) exploration of the common duct would have been required in a further 48 (15 per cent) of the 322 patients without stones in the common duct, giving a positive yield from operative cholangiography in 64 patients (16 per cent) in the whole series. Negative exploration of the common duct was performed in only 31 patients, that is 29 per cent of the patients whose duct was explored but only 7.8 per cent of the whole group.
The criteria by which an operative cholangiogram should be assessed were re-evaluated in the light of the findings in these 400 patients. In general the criteria of normality previously described were affirmed, and the following points established: In the absence of a filling defect the diameter of the duct is the most important indication of the presence of a stone.There is a statistically significant increase in the diameter of the common duct with age, and though not great this could, if neglected, give rise to error in the interpretation of the cholangiogram in younger patients.Even within the overall normal range of duct diameter (&lt; 12 mm) the wider the duct, the greater is the chance of it harbouring a stone.Impaired flow of contrast material into the duodenum is significantly related to duct diameter.Impaired flow of contrast material into the duodenum and failure to delineate the terminal segment of the duct tend to occur together; they may occur in a duct free of stones and if they are the only abnormality the examination should be repeated after the inhalation of amyl nitrite.
This study confirms that operative cholangiography is the most accurate method at present available of determining whether or not the common duct contains a stone (or stones), and hence requires exploration.
Family studies in cancer of the colon and rectum
Authors: Lovett Eileen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Family histories were obtained from 209 patients undergoing treatment for cancer of the colon or rectum at St Mark's Hospital. Death certificates were obtained /or parents and siblings who had died. Among these, the number of deaths from cancer of the bowel was more than three times that expected for a comparable group from the general population.
There are three principal features which, if present in an index case, are associated with the likelihood that other members of the family will also have had cancer of the large bowel. These are, first, the presence of multiple benign or malignant tumors in the large bowel, secondly, a history of previous primary carcinoma or adenoma of the large bowel and, thirdly, early age of onset of carcinoma of the bowel.
Chronic intussusception in children
Authors: Rees B I , Lari J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three children with chronic intussusception are reported together with a review of the literature. Neither the palpation of a mass nor the passage of blood per rectum was necessary for the diagnosis. Weight loss was seen in each case and I child was investigated for malabsorption. In all 3 children there was a delay in diagnosis, and it is suggested that a chronic intussusception should be considered more frequently in children with persistent abdominal symptoms for which no cause can be found. Although a barium enema was helpful diagnostically, it did not result in the reduction of the intussusception. The problem of a recurrence after a reduction arid its subsequent management is discussed.
Retained common bile duct calculi
Authors: Castleden W M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method of elimination of grallstones remaining in the common bile duct after exploration of the duct is described. The retained stone is flushed through the common duct sphincter into the duodenum using rapid infusion of normal saline via a T rube. The method is quick and simple and is recommended as the first step to take in the management of this discomforting group of patients. The method is not without potential morbidity and should only he carried out under carefully controlled conditions.
Carcinoma of the renal pelvis: An analysis of the diagnostic problems in 23 cases
Authors: Leong C H , Lim T K , Wong K K , Ong G B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 23 patients with carcinoma of the renal pelvis is presented. The different presentations are described and discussed, and the difficulties in establishing a preoperative diagnosis are considered. There were 3 squamous cell carcinomas in the series, all of them associated with renal stone and urinary tract infection.
Gallstone obstruction and perforation of the duodenal bulb
Authors: Lloyd Thomas T , Jaques P F , Weaver P C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of gallstone ileus is presented in which the stone became impacted in the first part of the duodenum and then caused perforation at the site of impaction. This is only the second published British case of gallstone impaction at this site. Perforation of the duodenum by a gallstone has not previously been recorded. The clinical and radiological features of this case are discussed.
Decreased trypsin and bile acids in ileal fistula drainage during the administration of a chemically defined liquid elemental diet
Authors: Hill G L , Mair W S J , Edwards J P , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ten patients with a well-established ileostomy were studied in a metabolic ward and alterations in ileostomy content of trypsin and bile acids were measured during the ingestion of an elemental diet.
After a 4-day control study the patients were given an elemental diet as the sole nutritional source for a 10-day period. For the last 3 days of the study an additional 2 litres of water were consumed with the elemental diet. The mean daily faecal output for the group during the control period was 578 ± 300 ml, and during administration of the elemental diet the fistula output fell to 418 ± 90 ml (P&lt;0·02) and there was a fall in the concentration of sodium in the ileal fluid (104·7 ± 22 mEq/l to 80·2 ± 25 mEq/l, P &lt; 0·01). For the group as a whole there was a fall in the concentration of trypsin (0·671 ± 0·53 i.u./ml to 0·554 ± 0·56 i.u/ml, P&lt; 0·025) and bile acids (0·911 ± 0·56 mmol/ml to 0662 ± 0·53 mmol/ml, P &lt; 0·005) in the ileal excreta.
Although the concentration of amylase in the ileal fluid rose, the total output was not altered. Oral administration of an additional 2 litres of water did not alter the concentration of trypsin or bile acids in the ileal fluid.
It is concluded that elemental diet ingestion produces changes in ileal fistula output which are of benefit to the patient with an enterocutaneous fistula. Output from the fistula of fluid and electrolyte is less and the corrosive nature of the discharge is reduced.
Assessment of the results of surgery for varicose veins
Authors: McAdam W A F , Horrocks Jane C , de Dombal F T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifty-six patients undergoing primary surgery for unilateral varicose veins by a standardized Trendelenburg procedure were reviewed postoperatively by a panel of three observers. Agreement between the observers was high in assessing symptomatic response (up to 98 per cent), but only moderate in evaluation of any visual changes in affected legs (60 per cent). Moreover, intra-observer agreement comparing symptomatic response and visual impression was very low (30·4 per cent). It is suggested that inter-series comparisons should be made solely upon the response of specific symptoms to treatment.
Kinin levels in the peripheral venous blood of patients with severe vasomotor dumping before and after revisional surgery
Authors: Cuschieri A , Worthington Karen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The kinin activity in peripheral venous blood was estimated before and after jejunal interposition in 17 patients with severe vasomotor dumping. In each case the kinin activity was assayed both under fasting conditions and after the oral administration of a liquid hypertonic glucose meal (100 g). No significant difference in the preoperative fasting kinin values was found between patients who were improved of their symptoms (11 cases) as distinct from those who did not derive any benefit from jejunal interposition (6 cases). However, in patients who obtained relief after revisional surgery, the kinin level after glucose administration (56.15k ± 11.19 nglml) was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) than the release obtained in patients who were not improved by surgery (3.65 ± 2.33 nglml). Furthermore, the kinin release was reduced to near normal levels on re-challenge with glucose 3 months after jejunal interposition in patients who were cured or improved of their symptoms.
Septic complications of pancreatitis
Authors: Grace Stephen G , State David 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Over an 11-year period 693 patients with acute pancreatitis and 317 with chronic pancreatitis were seen at the Harbor General Hospital. Review of these cases revealed 9 patients with primary pancreatic lesser sac abscess and 11 with secondary abscess.
The appropriate management for pancreatic abscess, whether primary or secondary, is early recognition and drainage; multiple drainage procedures may be necessary. Broad spectrum antibiotics appear to be helpful and should be used until cultures indicate more appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Successful management involves prolonged hospitalization, but contrary to previous reports the success rate is surprisingly high. Eight out of 9 patients with primary abscess and 8 out of 11 patients with secondary abscess survived.
Transposition of the spleen in rats with portal hypertension
Authors: Bengmark Stig , Borjesson Bengt , Olin Tord 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Portal hypertension was induced in rats by progressive occlusion of the portal vein or by dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) cirrhosis. Portasystemic venous connections did not develop in relation to the spleen when this organ was intraperitoneal, but after subcutaneous transposition most of the collaterals were parasplenic and the portal venous pressure fell.
Colitis and diarrhoea: A problem with antibiotic therapy
Authors: Beavis J P , Parsons R L , Salfield Jacqueline 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
During a 19-month study the incidence of diarrhoea and colitis was estimated in 1158 orthopaedic inpatients admitted to the Guy's group of hospitals. The highest incidence of diarrhoea followed the use of lincomycin (22.2 per cent), ampicillin with cloxacillin (17.2 per cent), clindamycin (15.3 per cent) and combined therapy with cloxacillin and tetracycline (12.5 per cent). There were 3 documented cases of colitis; 2 followed lincomycin and 1 clindamycin. The incidence and relationship of antibiotic-related diarrhoea and colitis to possible aetiological factors are discussed. In orthopaedic inpatients, in whom lincomycin and clindamycin are often the antibiotics of choice, their continued use appears to be fully justified by the low incidence of colitis. However, if a patient receiving treatment with either of these antibiotics does develop diarrhoea, the antibiotic should be discontinued immediately, to reduce the risk of' subsequent colitis.
Local hyperalimentation of open wounds
Authors: Viljanto Jouko , Raekallio Jyrki 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
After débridement of necrotized and devitalized tissue in deep burns and large traumatic soft tissue defects, the raw surfaces were covered with separate sheets of viscose cellulose sponge (VCS), each moistened by continuous slow infusion of one of the following solutions: (a) 0 9 per cent NaCI; (b) 10 per cent glucose; (c) Rheomacrodex (dextrane hydrolysate in 0.9 per cent NaCl); (d) 7 per cent Levamin a mixture of essential amino acids and glycin in 5 per cent sorbitol; (e) a combination of two solutions containing amino acids (Le-7402 A) and glucose, electrolytes and vitamins (Le-7402 B). The ceilulose sponges were removed or changed 3–7 days later. Macroscopically, histologically and enzyme histochemically, the most active granulation tissue formation was found under the VCS moistened with amino acid solutions, especially when accompanied by glucose and vitamin supplementation. The results strongly suggest that local cellular hyperalimentation of open raw wound surfaces is possible, permitting a new kind of nutritional support in these patients.
Assessment of wound contamination during surgery: A preliminary report comparing vertical laminar flow and conventional theatre systems
Authors: Sanderson M C , Bentley George 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
As part of an on-going trial comparing wound infection in ‘ultra-clean’ air and conventional theatres, wound contamination is assessed by a simple wash-out technique. The importance of wound contamination in relation to subsequent wound infection is emphasized. The wash-out technique used is simple to perform and minimizes the risk of contamination. The preliminary results confirm that cleaner air does result in less-contaminated wounds.
Complications of Meckel's diverticulum
Authors: Moore T , Johnston A O B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper reviews the presentation and surgical pathology of 50 Meckel's diverticula encountered in one hospital in a 20-year period. It is concluded that in children with intestinal bleeding or a ‘raspberry tumour’ of the umbilicus a Meckel's diverticulum is usually suspected. In adults with an acute surgical emergency Meckel's diverticulum is unlikely to be considered. However, a Meckel's diverticulum can give rise to surgical problems in many ways and at any age. In particular, the possibility of an attached mesodiverticular band leading to obstruction must be stressed.
Bacteriological survey of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Lari J , Kirk D , Howden R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A bacteriological study of 110 emergency appendicectomies is reported. In two-thirds of these the appendix was inflamed or gangrenous, and in 45 cases positive cultures were obtained from swabs taken at operation. Bacteroides were found frequently in these swabs and also in those taken from wound infections. Although this study is too small to draw any definite conclusions, it is felt that bacteroides should be considered an important pathogen in appendicitis and should be taken into account in the few ill patients where antibiotic treatment is contemplated. It was also noted that swabs taken from the surface of the appendix itself were more often positive than those from the peritoneal cavity, and this difference appears to be significant.
Wound infection in a children's hospital
Authors: Doig Caroline M , Wilkinson A W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The operation wounds of 20 per cent of the children operated on in one surgical unit of a children's hospital became infected. Infection was commonest in the newly born operated on as emergencies, 50 per cent of whose wounds became infected. No connection was found between infection and nasal carriage of staphylococci. A possible source of injection in the young may be the umbilicus.
Colo-anal sleeve anastomosis in the treatment of diffuse cavernous haemangioma involving the rectum
Authors: Jeffery P J , Hawley P R , Parks A G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An operative technique, involving a colo-anal sleeve anastomosis, is described for the treatment of cavernous haemangioma of the rectum. All the patients with this condition treated since 1930 at St Mark's Hospital are reviewed, and the presentation and results of treatment in the last 5 patients who have had a resection and colo-anal sleeve anastomosis are discussed.
Functional results of different reconstructive procedures after total gastrectomy
Authors: Huguier M , Lancret J M , Bernard P F , Baschet C , Le Henand F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 181 patients six reconstructive procedures were performed after total gastrectomy: Roux-en-Y (95), Henley (42), omega (21), Tomoda (16), Rosanov (4) and neogastrium (3). The functional results 2–4 months after operation were studied and compared by medical observers independently of the surgeons who had selected and performed the reconstructive procedures. Analysis of the functional results, and consideration of the degree to which the functional disorders associated with the various reconstructive procedures lend themselves to treatment, suggest that the Henley reconstructive procedure is the best, with the Roux-en- Y as a good second-best.
Malignant cold thyroid nodules in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Livadas D , Psarras A , Koutras D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 65 hyperthyroid patients with a cold nodule a carcinoma was found at operation in 14 cases, i.e. a malignancy incidence of 21·5 per cent. In 859 euthyroid cases with a cold thyroid nodule 104 malignant lesions (12·1 per cent) were found. The difference is statistically significant. Surgery in cases with a cold thyroid nodule is strongly indicated if this occurs in a hyperthyroid gland.
Limb and abdominal injuries: Principles of treatment
Authors: Johnston G W , Kennedy T L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the period reviewed, the Royal Victoria Hospital received over 7000 casualties, representing approximately hay of the civil disturbance injuries for the province. Primary resuscitation did not differ from that of road trafic accidents, but the surgical management did. Extensive débridement was essential, followed by delayed primary suture some days later. Two hundred and nine penetrating abdominal wounds were reviewed, and the necessity of exploring the abdomen in all such injuries is emphasized.