bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the pathogenesis of hydrosalpinx induced by Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Ajonuma Louis Chukwuemeka , Chan Paul Kay Sheung , Ng Ernest Hung Yu , Fok Kin Lam , Wong Connie Hau Yan , Tsang Lai Ling , Tang Xiao Xiao , Ho Lok Sze , Lau Miu Ching , Chung Chin Man , He Qiong , Huang Hong Yi , Yang Dong Zi , Rowlands Dewi Kenneth , Chung Yiu Wa , Chan Hsiao Chang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground:  Genital Chlamydia (C) trachomatis infection has been recognized as the single most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease leading to severe tubal damage, ectopic pregnancy, infertility and hydrosalpinx. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of hydrosalpinx induced by C. trachomatis infection remains largely unknown. We performed this study to determine the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP‐activated chloride channel that regulates epithelial electrolyte and fluid secretion, in hydrosalpinx fluid formation.Methods:  Western blot analysis was used to determine CFTR expression in the hydrosalpinges that were seen on the ultrasound scans of infertile assisted reproduction treatment patients. Correlation with C. trachomatis infection was done by testing patients' sera for C. trachomatis immunoglobulin G antibody titer using a Capita enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay based kit. CFTR involvement was further verified in a rat C. trachomatis infection model and confirmed using CFTR mutant (CFTRtm1Unc) mice.Results:  Here we report on the up‐regulated expression of CFTR in the hydrosalpinx tissues of infertile patients with detectable serum levels of C. trachomatis antibody (immunoglobulin G). In a rat model, increased CFTR expression and fluid accumulation could be observed in the uterine horns infected with C. trachomatis elementary bodies, which was reversed by antibiotics treatment. In C. trachomatis–infected CFTRtm1Unc mice, however, no detectable fluid accumulation was observed.Conclusion:  These findings suggest the involvement of CFTR in the pathogenesis of hydrosalpinx fluid formation and may provide grounds for a better treatment strategy to improve assisted reproduction treatment outcome in infertile patients with hydrosalpinx.
A case of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma associated with small cell carcinoma
Authors: Kamiya Mahiru , Sato Yukiyasu , Matsumoto Hisanori , Sasaki Hiroe , Takahashi Shugen , Yamada Shigetoshi , Ito Hiroaki , Okagaki Atsuhiko , Iwasa Youko , Ban Chiaki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractExtrapulmonary small cell carcinomas are often associated with carcinomas of other cell types. Although a hypothesis that extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas arise from a multipotential stem cell could explain this mixed feature, recent molecular evidence supports another possibility that the small cell component may arise as a late‐stage phenomenon in the progression of more organ‐typical carcinomas. Here, we report a case of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma containing 30% of small cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma was located in the endometrial side of the tumor that was adjacent to the normal cervical region, while small cell carcinoma was located in the periphery of the tumor. The transition from adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma was observed in the boundary area. These findings suggest that cervical small cell carcinoma can be differentiated from pre‐existing adenocarcinoma and offer further support to the hypothesis that the small cell component arises as a late‐stage phenomenon in the progression of more organ‐typical carcinomas.
Low‐dose sublingual misoprostol versus methylergometrine for active management of the third stage of labor
Authors: Chhabra Shakuntala , Tickoo Chandan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:  To compare the efficacy and side‐effects of low‐dose sublingual misoprostol and i.v. methylergometrine for active management of the third stage of labor.Methods:  The study subjects were three hundred low‐risk women with term pregnancy and spontaneous onset of labor. These women received either one (100 µg/tablet) or two tablets of misoprostol (200 µg) sublingually or 1 mL (200 µg) of methylergometrine, i.v. injection, after the delivery of the anterior shoulder of the baby. The main outcome measures were the need for additional oxytocic drugs, blood loss ≥500 mL, change in hemoglobin levels and side‐effects.Results:  Post‐partum hemorrhage (≥500 mL blood loss) did not occur in any of the women, but above‐average bleeding occurred in 2.0% of cases in groups I, II (sublingual misoprostol 100 µg and 200 µg respectively) and III (methylergometrine), despite additional oxytocics used in 5.0%, 4.0% and 3.0% cases in groups I, II and III respectively (P > 0.05). The change in hemoglobin levels at 24 h post‐partum were 0.8%, 0.7% and 0.8% in groups I, II and III respectively (P > 0.05).Conclusion:  A low dose of sublingual misoprostol appears to be as effective as a low dose of i.v. methylergometrine in the prevention of post‐partum hemorrhage in low‐risk cases. So given the advantages of its stability at room temperature, low cost and easy route of administration, misoprostol appears to be a better choice, and a low dose is enough. However, larger studies in low‐risk as well as high‐risk cases are needed to advocate routine use of a low dose at the primary level.
Comparison of biochemical markers and cervical length for predicting preterm delivery
Authors: Sunagawa Sorahiro , Takagi Kimiyo , Ono Kyoko , Miyachi Keiko , Kikuchi Akihiko 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim:  To examine the clinical utility of several prognostic factors for predicting preterm delivery.Methods:  One hundred and nineteen patients with a singleton pregnancy admitted to our hospital because of symptoms of preterm labor were included in this study. Maternal serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length (CL), granulocyte elastase (EL) in cervical secretions, fetal fibronectin (fFN), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) in vaginal secretions were examined on admission. EL, fFN, AFP, and IGFBP‐1 were measured by bed‐side test kits. Correlation between each factor and the duration of pregnancy (from admission to delivery) was investigated.Results:  A significant correlation was found between the duration of pregnancy and CRP (r = −0.37, P < 0.001), but not CL. The duration was significantly shorter in the fFN‐positive group than in the negative group (P = 0.0015). However, no significant difference was observed between the positive group and the negative group for each of CL, EL, AFP and IGFBP‐1.Conclusion:  Association between the duration of the pregnancy and two biochemical markers (CRP and fFN) was confirmed. As they can be examined quickly and easily, they are quite useful for estimating prognosis of preterm labor.
Clinical significance of cervical length shortening before 31 weeks' gestation assessed by longitudinal observation using transvaginal ultrasonography
Authors: Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Obama Hirotsugu , Nojiri Takeshi , Miyake Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Shingo , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim:  To elucidate the clinical significance of progressive cervical length (CL) shortening before 31 weeks' gestation.Methods:  Transvaginal ultrasonography was used for longitudinal measurements of CL in 114 singletons. CL shortening groups were defined as having a CL of <25 mm at <26 weeks (early shortening group, 20 cases) and <31 weeks (late shortening group, 19 cases). The control group (75 cases) was defined as having a CL of ≥25 mm at <31 weeks. The CL values at 16–20, 21–25, 26–30 and 31–35 weeks, the age‐related CL changes, the treatments for preterm labor, and the outcomes were compared between groups. In 78 cases with spontaneous delivery at ≥36 weeks, we investigated cervical dilatation velocity in the active phase of labor.Results:  At 16–20 weeks, CL values for the early group were smaller than those of the late and control groups. Rapid CL shortening occurred between 16–20 and 21–25 weeks in the early group and between 21–25 and 26–30 weeks in the late group. In the early group, all cases received cerclage and/or tocolysis or bedrest, and one case delivered prematurely. In the late group, 10 cases required tocolysis or bedrest, and one case delivered prematurely. In nulliparous women, cervical dilatation velocity in the early and late groups was more rapid than in the controls.Conclusions:  CL shortening to <25 mm before 31 weeks is a risk factor for preterm delivery, as well as for preterm labor in cases who had tocolysis and bedrest, and precipitate delivery.
Protective effect of aprotinin on ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat ovary
Authors: Sahin Figen Kir , Cosar Emine , Koken Gulengul , Toy Hatice , Basarali Kemal , Buyukbas Sadik 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim:  We investigated the effects of aprotinin on reperfusion injury in a controlled experimental rat torsion–detorsion model.Methods:  Thirty‐two female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Sham operation was performed in group I; in group II only ovarian torsion was performed. In group III, torsion–detorsion was performed, plus 3 mL/kg saline was injected i.v. 30 min before detorsion. In group IV, torsion–detorsion was performed, plus aprotinin (30 000 KIU/kg) was injected 30 min before detorsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 360° clockwise adnexial torsion for 3 h, and the ovaries were harvested. After 3 h of adnexial detorsion, the rats in the saline and aprotinin groups were killed and the adnexa were surgically removed.Results:  Ovarian tissue damage scores were significantly different among groups. Ovarian tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels in group III were significantly higher than those of groups I and IV (P < 0.05). The serum levels of superoxide dismutase in group III were significantly lower than those of groups I and IV (P = 0.01). Tissue and serum xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide, and tissue superoxide dismutase levels were comparable among groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  Aprotinin attenuates ischemia–reperfusion injury in a rat adnexial torsion–detorsion model.
Clinical efficacy of Kampo medicine (Japanese traditional herbal medicine) in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Oya Atsuko , Oikawa Tetsuro , Nakai Akihito , Takeshita Toshiyuki , Hanawa Toshihiko 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:  We intended to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Kampo medicine, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, for primary dysmenorrhea which was prescribed according to the Kampo diagnosis, with classification of its severity.Method:  A retrospective evaluation of Kampo treatment in 176 subjects with dysmenorrhea during the previous 12 years was performed. In order to minimize the subjective discretion of the severity of symptoms, classification of the severity level of abdominal pain during menstruation was applied by considering the requirement for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disturbance of daily activities. The following severity levels were used: no abdominal pain (level 0), abdominal pain with no requirement of NSAIDs (level 1), abdominal pain with no daily activity disturbances with use of NSAIDs (level 2), and painful menstruation which required absenteeism even with use of NSAIDs (level 3).Results:  Severity levels before and after Kampo treatment were defined in 108 subjects. Distribution of the severity levels in 108 subjects was significantly changed by Kampo treatment; the numbers of cases in levels 0, 1, 2, and 3 changed from 0 (0%), 0 (0%), 47 (43.5%), and 61 (56.5%) to 5 (4.6%), 42 (38.9%), 51 (47.2%), and 10 (9.3%), respectively. (P < 0.0001) There were 25 kinds of Kampo formulae prescribed in effective cases.Conclusion:  Kampo medicine prescribed according to Kampo diagnosis reduced the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and is therefore suggested to be beneficial in improving quality of life.
Clinicopathologic features of ovarian cancer in patients with ovarian endometrioma
Authors: Kawaguchi Ryuji , Tsuji Yoriko , Haruta Shoji , Kanayama Seiji , Sakata Mariko , Yamada Yoshihiko , Fujita Hiroyuki , Saito Hitomi , Tsuneto Keiji , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of malignant transformation in patients with ovarian endometrioma, their treatment and outcome in the Kinki region, Japan.Patients and Methods:  Patients meeting Sampson and Scott's criteria for cancer associated with endometriosis were identified by chart review and pathology reports. This retrospective survey describes 18 women with a history of ovarian endometrioma. These cases were followed as benign ovarian endometrioma before malignant transformation on the basis of imaging findings by gynecologic oncologists or radiologists.Results:  Mean age at presentation of malignant transformation was 45.2 years (range, 36–66 years), and 78% (n = 14) were premenopausal women. The pattern of spread was local in 16 (89%), regional in 2 (11%) and distant in 0 (0%). There was a common left‐sided predominance. Characteristic histologic findings were 61% clear cell carcinoma. Endometriosis‐associated malignancies have a favorable prognosis. The patients showed long latency intervals before developing ovarian cancer (mean, 4.5 years; range, 1–16 years). Among them, subjects (n = 10) whose ages are more than 45 years old had shorter latency intervals (mean, 1 year; range, 1–3 years), compared with those (n = 8) aged less than 45 years old (mean, 8.4 years; range, 3–16 years).Conclusion:  Ovarian endometrioma could be viewed as a neoplastic process, particularly in perimenopausal women.
Fetal pulse oximetry: Correlation with intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns and neonatal outcome
Authors: Tekin Arzu , Özkan Sebiha , Çalışkan Eray , Özeren Semih , Çorakçı Aydın , Yücesoy İzzet 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim:  To determine how fetal pulse oximetry behaves in various cardiotocographic (CTG) tracings and correlates with neonatal outcome.Patients and Methods:  Pregnant women undergoing active labor with singleton pregnancies of 32–42 weeks were enrolled. CTG recordings were reassuring or nonreassuring (namely variable or persisting late decelerations). Pulse oximetry values during labor and changing throughout deceleration and recovery phases, duration and frequency of pulse oximetry recordings <30%, and neonatal outcome were determined. One‐way anova, Tukey test, χ2‐test and multiple logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis where appropriate.Results:  A total of 156 pregnant subjects were divided into three groups: reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns (group 1, n = 78 [50%]), late decelerations (group 2, n = 16 [10.3%]) and variable decelerations (group 3, n = 62 [39.7%]). The initial and final pulse oximetry readings, pulse values in first stage of labor, the duration and the frequency of pulse oximetry recordings <30% were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). Fetal acidosis was significantly more frequent with late decelerations (23.1%, P = 0.004). A multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that the initial pulse oximetry value during active labor was the most predictive variable of neonatal well‐being (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Decreased fetal pulse oximetry values, especially prolonged and recurrent recordings <30% are well‐correlated with abnormal FHR patterns, indicating an association with fetal compromise and metabolic acidosis. Going through active labor with a lower initial value of FSpO2 more frequently leads to an altered FHR pattern and subsequent adverse fetal outcome.
Outcome of pregnancy after laser conization: Implications for infection as a causal link with preterm birth
Authors: Masamoto Hitoshi , Nagai Yutaka , Inamine Morihiko , Hirakawa Makoto , Okubo Eiko , Ishisoko Aki , Sakumoto Kaoru , Aoki Yoichi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:  To investigate a causal link between infection and preterm birth in women with a shortened cervix induced by prior laser conization.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective review of the outcomes of 47 singleton pregnancies with a history of laser conization. Cervical length was measured between 17 and 23 weeks of gestation. Receiver‐operating characteristic curves were used to determine the best cut‐off point for the cervical length for predicting spontaneous preterm birth. We measured infectious markers in 12 women who had experienced preterm labor.Results:  Nine women had had premature labors and three had had late abortions. The mean ± SD cervical length was 33.1 ± 9.1 mm. The optimal cut‐off for predicting preterm delivery was 25 mm with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 97.1%, respectively. Concentrations of granulocyte elastase were positive in five of the six samples determined. The white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein levels were elevated in four out of the six patients. Sixty‐seven percent of the vaginal cultures were positive for bacteria. Chorioamnionitis was present in seven women.Conclusions:  For the prediction of preterm birth in patients with a history of conization, it is helpful to look for signs of local infection when the cervical length is less than 25 mm.
Non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Sumana Gurunath , Dadhwal Vatsla , Deka Deepika , Mittal Suneeta 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:  Non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is a common cause of portal hypertension in developing countries, especially Asia. Recent data have shown near‐normal reproductive function and good pregnancy outcome for NCPH compared with cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate complications during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in women with NCPH.Methods:  Twelve pregnancies in five patients with NCPH were evaluated.Results:  In the present study, 20% of patients had hematemesis during pregnancy that was managed successfully. Four patients (80%) had severe anemia (hemoglobin 6–7 g%) and three (60%) had thrombocytopenia. There were no preterm births. Of a total of nine live births, six were vaginal deliveries and three were delivered by Cesarean section (performed for obstetric indications). Four babies (44%) were small for gestational age (SGA).Conclusions:  The results show that patients with NCPH have normal fertility, no apparent increase in the incidence of hematemesis during pregnancy, an increased incidence of SGA babies and no indication for elective Cesarean delivery.
Transplantation of the uterus in sheep: Methodology and early reperfusion events
Authors: Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla , Wranning Caiza , Lundmark Cecilia , Enskog Anders , Mölne Johan , Marcickiewicz Janusz , El‐Akouri Randa Racho , McCracken John , Brännström Mats 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim:  Uterine transplantation is developing into a clinical treatment for uterine factor infertility. An animal model with a similar uterus size and vessels to humans and with pregnancy extending over several months would be beneficial for research on uterine transplantation. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate autotransplantation of the sheep uterus to an orthotopic position in the pelvis.Methods:  Female sheep (n = 7) were subjected to laparotomy with the uterus and its vascular supply and drainage being surgically isolated. The excised uterus was kept ex vivo at +4°C for 60 min and then autotransplanted with vascular end‐to‐side anastomoses to the external iliac vessels. The effects of uterine blood‐reperfusion were assessed by measurements of pCO2, pO2, lactate and pH in uterine venous blood. Uterine contractility and histology was assessed after 3 h of reperfusion.Results:  Reperfusion of blood was observed in five out of seven transplanted uteri. The pCO2/pO2‐ratio and the lactate level were initially elevated but decreased and became normal after 60 min. After 3 h of reperfusion there was a visible tissue blood flow and spontaneous uterine contractions were seen. Histological analysis revealed a mild inflammation, but no edema or stasis.Conclusions:  This study demonstrates that the sheep uterus can successfully be autotransplanted to an orthotopic position with novel vascular connections. This model is suitable for future experiments studying long‐term results concerning uterine viability and pregnancy using a transplanted uterus of similar size to the human uterus.
Increased arterial stiffness in female‐to‐male transsexuals treated with androgen
Authors: Emi Yayoi , Adachi Miwa , Sasaki Aiko , Nakamura Yoshio , Nakatsuka Mikiya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim:  Female‐to‐male (FTM) transsexuals are treated with long‐term and high‐dose androgen. Although androgen is known to affect the cardiovascular system, vascular function in FTM transsexuals has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the arterial stiffness in FTM transsexuals treated with androgen.Methods:  We evaluated the arterial stiffness in 111 FTM transsexuals (63 untreated FTM transsexuals and 48 FTM transsexuals treated with androgen) using a volume‐plethysmographic apparatus equipped with a multi‐element applanation tonometry sensor.Results:  There were no significant differences in age, body mass index and heart rate between the untreated FTM transsexuals and those treated with androgen. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures in FTM transsexuals treated with androgen were significantly higher than those in untreated FTM transsexuals. The level of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity in FTM transsexuals treated with androgen (1202.8 ± 138.2 cm/s) was significantly higher than that in untreated FTM transsexuals (1080.2 ± 113.7 cm/s) while there was no significant difference in the carotid augmentation index between untreated FTM transsexuals and those treated with androgen.Conclusions:  Long‐term and high‐dose administration of androgen is likely to cause increased arterial stiffness in FTM transsexuals. To prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events, a periodic checkup and pharmacological therapies for hypertension should be tailored on an individual basis.
Interstitial pregnancy in a woman with congenital afibrinogenemia
Authors: Matsushita Ikue , Uchida Soko , Yamaguchi Akiko , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Ogawa Shinji , Kato Kiyoko , Tsukimori Kiyomi , Wake Norio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWithout fibrinogen replacement, pregnancies in patients with congenital afibrinogenemia end in miscarriage between 6 and 8 weeks of gestation. Studies in animal models suggest that disturbance of the embryo's decidual attachment contributes to miscarriage in afibrinogenemia. Ectopic pregnancy in human congenital afibrinogenemia has not been previously documented. We present a case of right interstitial pregnancy in a woman with congenital afibrinogenemia, who had not received the recommended fibrinogen replacement for the first 6 weeks of pregnancy. The pregnancy followed a right salpingo‐oophorectomy for ovarian hemorrhage. Therefore the embryo most likely entered the uterine cavity via the left tube only to move upstream into the lumen of the interstitial portion of the right tube. Our experience suggests that disturbance of the embryo's decidual attachment may have contributed to the development of an ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, fibrinogen replacement early in the first trimester is of utmost importance.