bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Microvessel Density by Quantitative Real-time PCR in Esophageal Cancer: Correlation with Histologic Methods, Angiogenic Growth Factor Expression, and Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Loges Sonja , Clausen Henning , Reichelt Uta , Bubenheim Michael , Erbersdobler Andreas , Schurr Paulus , Yekebas Emre , Schuch Gunter , Izbicki Jakob , Pantel Klaus , Bokemeyer Carsten , Fiedler Walter 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are important steps in tumor growth and dissemination and are of prognostic importance in solid tumors. The determination of microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistology is subject to considerable variability between different laboratories and observers. We compared MVD determination by immunohistology and quantitative real-time PCR and correlated the results with clinical variables.
Experimental Design: The expression of endothelial antigens vascular endothelial cadherin (CD144), P1H12 (CD146), tie-2, and VEGFR-2, and lymphatic endothelial markers VEGFR-3, Prox, and LYVE was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in primary surgical samples. The expression of angiogenetic growth factors VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 was quantified by PCR and correlated with MVD and clinical variables.
Results: The expression of endothelial antigens vascular endothelial cadherin (CD144), P1H12 (CD146), tie-2, and VEGFR-2 correlated with each other in 54 samples of primary esophageal cancer (P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons). MVD determined immunohistologically by CD31 staining in a subgroup of 35 patients correlated significantly with the qPCR method. The expression of angiogenetic growth factors VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 was significantly associated with MVD (P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons). Analysis of the expression of lymphendothelial markers VEGFR-3, Prox, and LYVE revealed concordant results, indicating that quantification of lymphendothelial cells is possible by qPCR. The presence of lymph node metastasis on surgical specimens was significantly correlated with MVD (P &lt; 0.003), VEGFR-2 (P &lt; 0.048), and VEGF-C (P &lt; 0.042) expression.
Conclusions: These results indicate that quantification of MVD by qPCR in surgical samples of esophageal carcinoma yields similar results with immunohistology. Interestingly, the extent of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis was not related in individual tumor samples. Lymph node metastases could be predicted by MVD and VEGF-C expression.
Quantification of the Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using Whole-Cell Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Han Arum , Yang Lily , Frazier A. Bruno 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Quantification of the heterogeneity of tumor cell populations is of interest for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including determining the cancerous stage of tumors. We attempted to differentiate human breast cancer cell lines from different pathologic stages and compare that with a normal human breast tissue cell line by characterizing the impedance properties of each cell line.
Experimental Design: A microelectrical impedance spectroscopy system has been developed that can trap a single cell into an analysis cavity and measure the electrical impedance of the captured cell over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 3.0 MHz. Normal human breast tissue cell line MCF-10A, early-stage breast cancer cell line MCF-7, invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and metastasized human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 were used.
Results: The whole-cell impedance signatures show a clear difference between each cell line in both magnitude and phase of the electrical impedance. The membrane capacitance calculated from the impedance data was 1.94 ± 0.14, 1.86 ± 0.11, 1.63 ± 0.17, and 1.57 ± 0.12 μF/cm2 at 100 kHz for MCF-10A, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435, respectively. The calculated resistance for each cancer cell line at 100 kHz was 24.8 ± 1.05, 24.8 ± 0.93, 24.9 ± 1.12, and 26.2 ± 1.07 MOhm, respectively. The decrease in capacitances of the cancer cell lines compared with that of the normal cell line MCF-10A was 4.1%, 16.0%, and 19.1%, respectively, at 100 kHz.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that microelectrical impedance spectroscopy might find application as a method for quantifying progression of cancer cells without the need for tagging or modifying the sampled cells.
Synthesis of multi‐block copolymer and its compatibilization to the blends of poly(ether ether ketone) with thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: Yang Yanhua , Zhu Wanchun , Jiang Dong , Ma Rongtang , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA multiblock copolymer (BCP) containing amorphous poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) segments was synthesized. The chemical structure and properties of BCP were characterized by fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), gel permeation chromatograms (GPC), thermogravimetry analysis, polar light microscope (PLM), and solubility test respectively. BCP can dissolve in chloroform because of soluble PAEK block bonded with TLCP block, which was insoluble. The peak of the original PAEK oligomer was no more present in the GPC traces of the block copolymer. These facts indicated that polymer synthesized should be copolymers of the two components rather than blends. A single Tg at 138.1°C and broad melting endotherm at 315.7°C can be observed. The liquid crystalline texture of BCP showed uniformity in the view after heat treated for 10 min above its Tm under PLM. Ternary blends of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/TLCP/BCP were prepared by extrusion and characterized by DSC. DSC results showed that the crystallization temperature of PEEK phase in the blends shifted higher with the addition of TLCP. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction investigations indicated that the crystalline structure of PEEK was not disturbed by blending or compatibilizing. Scanning electron microscope and mechanical tests confirmed the compatibilizing effect of BCP. Reduction in dispersed phase TLCP size was observed when 2 phr by weight of compatibilizer was added to the blend. Measurement of the tensile properties showed increased elongation as well as improved modulus and strength to some extent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Influence of Helical Twisting Power on the Photoswitching Behavior of Chiral Azobenzene Compounds: Applications to High‐Performance Switching Devices
Authors: Alam Md. Zahangir , Yoshioka Teppei , Ogata Tomonari , Nonaka Takamasa , Kurihara Seiji 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFive photochromic chiral azobenzene compounds and one nonphotochromic chiral compound were synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Cholesteric liquid crystalline phases were induced by mixing of the nonphotochromic chiral compound and one of the photochromic chiral azobenzene compounds in a host nematic liquid crystal (E44). The helical pitch of the induced cholesteric phase was determined by Cano's wedge method and the helical twisting power (HTP) of each sample was thus determined. The helical twisting powers of azobenzene compounds were decreased upon UV irradiation, due totrans→cisphotoisomerization of azobenzene molecules. Among the azobenzene compounds synthesized in our study, Azo‐5, with isomannide (radical) as chiral photochromic dopant, showed the highest HTP and contrast ratio (Tmax/Tmin). Photoswitching between compensated nematic phase and cholesteric phase was achieved through reversibletrans⇄cisphotoisomerization of the chiral azobenzene molecules through irradiation with UV and visible light, respectively. Transmission rates (contrast ratios) increased with decreasing helical pitch length in the induced cholesteric phase. The influence of helical twisting power on the photoswitching behavior of chiral azobenzene compounds is discussed in detail.
cAMP‐dependent protein kinase enhances inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐induced Ca2+ release in AR4‐2J cells
Authors: Regimbald‐Dumas Yannik , Arguin Guillaume , Fregeau Marc‐Olivier , Guillemette Gaétan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn non‐excitable cells, the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), a ligand‐gated Ca2+ channel, plays an important role in the control of intracellular Ca2+. There are three subtypes of IP3R that are differentially distributed among cell types. AR4‐2J cells express almost exclusively the IP3R‐2 subtype. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) on the activity of IP3R‐2 in AR4‐2J cells. We showed that immunoprecipitated IP3R‐2 is a good substrate for PKA. Using a back‐phosphorylation approach, we showed that endogenous PKA phosphorylates IP3R‐2 in intact AR4‐2J cells. Pretreatment with PKA enhanced IP3‐induced Ca2+ release in permeabilized AR4‐2J cells. Pretreatment with the cAMP generating agent's forskolin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) enhanced carbachol (Cch)‐induced and epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced Ca2+ responses in intact AR4‐2J cells. Our results are consistent with an enhancing effect of PKA on IP3R‐2 activity. This conclusion supports the emerging concept of crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and cAMP pathways and thus provides another way by which Ca2+ signals are finely encoded within non‐excitable cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 609–618, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass spectrometric detection of CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soya and maize
Authors: Ocaña Mireia Fernández , Fraser Paul D. , Patel Raj K. P. , Halket John M. , Bramley Peter M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe potential of protein fractionation hyphenated to mass spectrometry (MS) to detect and characterize the transgenic protein present in Roundup Ready™ soya and maize has been investigated. Genetically modified (GM) soya and maize contain the 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4, which confers resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The GM soya and maize proteomes were fractionated by gel filtration, anion‐exchange chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) prior to MS. This facilitated detection of a tryptic peptide map of CP4 EPSPS by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) MS and nanoelectrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight (nanoESI‐QTOF) MS. Subsequently, sequence information from the CP4 EPSPS tryptic peptides was obtained by nanoESI‐QTOF MS/MS. The identification was accomplished in 0.9% GM soya seeds, which is the current EU threshold for food‐labeling requirements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satie's Approach to Composition in His Later Years (1913–24)
Authors: Orledge Robert 
Published: January 2007

Music requires a great deal from those who wish to serve her … A true musician must be subjugated to his Art; … he must put himself above human miseries; … he must draw his courage from within himself, from within himself alone. (Erik Satie: ‘The Musical Spirit’, published in Séléction, III année, no. 6 (April 1924))More has been written about why Satie composed than about how he composed; about the aesthetic implications of his precursive art for the present century than about the techniques of his art itself. My aim is to attempt to redress the balance, in part at least; to try to focus on some of the problems Satie encountered as he sought to satisfy the increased demand for his music which followed his sudden rise to the forefront of public attention largely due to the efforts of Ravel, Ricardo Viñes and Jean Cocteau over the years 1911 to 1915. If I look to anything as a model, it is Patrick Gowers’ pioneering paper on ‘Satie's Rose Croix Music (1891–1895)’ which explored Satie's use of systematic harmonic devices, working methods and formal experiments from the evidence of his manuscript notebooks. To the best of my knowledge, no such complementary study relating to Satie's later years has yet appeared in print, though Gowers’ thesis’ does discuss Satie's compositional methods in the Nocturnes of 1919.
A Seventeenth Century View of Musical Education
Authors: Bridge Frederick 
Published: January 2007

The object of the short paper which I have promised to read to-night is to consider certain opinions upon “Music, and its importance in Education” found in the autobiography of a famous seventeenth-century dilettante, the Hon. Roger North. It will, I hope, interest you to hear what has been written upon this subject by a clever and acute observer over 200 years ago, particularly upon the subject of “Music in the home,” and as a factor in “Education.” It is, no doubt, of the utmost importance that the young should be encouraged to study music, and that, through them, the music of the home should be influenced in the right direction. Who can estimate the value of music in the family circle? You will hear in the course of my address how much this old seventeenth-century amateur, Roger North, thought of home music. Let me remind you of what Shakespeare thought of it. I quote from one of his sonnets:—
“Mark how one string, sweet husband to another,Strikes each in each by mutual ordering,Resembling sire and child and happy mother,Who all in one, one pleasing note do sing.”
Music at the English Chapels Royal c.1135—Present Day
Authors: Roper E. S. 
Published: January 2007

I can do no more than treat briefly the long story of the music at the English Chapels Royal.It covers with certainty, a period of nearly eight centuries and embraces the musical activities of many of the most prominent musicians that our country has produced. I propose to concentrate mainly upon its early period: and deal concisely with the entries in the Chapel Royal Cheque Book, which you may like to see before leaving the building. Illustrations—which will be sung towards the end of this paper—will stretch from the Tudor period to the present day; and in this way I shall hope to cover, however briefly, the whole story of the music and musicians of the Chapels. We know, of course, that the English, at least as far back as the period of John Dunstable (roughly from 1390 to 1453) were celebrated for their love of music and good voices. Cathedrals, College chapels, and religious houses had their choirs in those comparatively early days. But this is not so remarkable when we realise that references to the choir of the English Sovereign date from 250 years before John Dunstable. Great as we know the influence of the King's Chapel to have been in the Tudor and Restoration periods, we cannot doubt but that it was an even greater incentive to musical effort and development in very early times.
William Lawes and His String Music
Authors: Erlebach Rupert 
Published: January 2007

At the Haslemere Festival of 1931, one piece of String Music was so enthusiastically received by the audience that it had to be played three times over. A contemporary account says:—
First place must be given, of course, to the finest compositions of the English school of music for viols. … Matthew Locke's Suite No. 1, for four viols, a Fantasy for six viols by Richard Deering, and, greatest of all, the Fantasy and Ayre No. 1, for six viols by William Lawes. There can remain no doubt that these works and a considerable number of others written for these instruments take their place in the front rank of music, on an equality with the last quartets of Beethoven. (It has been pleasant to find an increasing appreciation shown by the demands for encores of these items, the Lawes Fantasy and Ayre had actually to be given three times.)
A Few Words About Handel
Authors: Cummings William H. 
Published: January 2007

My “few words about Handel” will chiefly bear on the question of the spelling of his name.When some 300 years ago our national dramatist wrote the query, “What's in a name?” he little dreamt of the amount of disputation which would arise in after-times respecting the rightful spelling of his own. Probably many of you have seen the capital little essays on the spelling of Shakespeare's name which have been recently published by Mr. Halliwell-Phillips. Curiously, in the case of Shakespeare the momentous question is about the two letters e and a—and in respect to our great composer it is whether he shall be called Handel or Hendel.
Heterozygous Missense Mutations in Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF1/Ad4BP, NR5A1) Are Associated with 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development with Normal Adrenal Function
Authors: Lin Lin , Philibert Pascal , Ferraz-de-Souza Bruno , Kelberman Daniel , Homfray Tessa , Albanese Assunta , Molini Veruska , Sebire Neil J. , Einaudi Silvia , Conway Gerard S. , Hughes Ieuan A. , Jameson J. Larry , Sultan Charles , Dattani Mehul T. , Achermann John C. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Context: Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1/AdBP4/FTZF1, NR5A1) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a key role in regulating adrenal and gonadal development, steroidogenesis, and reproduction. Targeted deletion of Nr5a1 (Sf1) in the mouse results in adrenal and gonadal agenesis, XY sex-reversal, and persistent Müllerian structures in males. Consistent with the murine phenotype, human mutations in SF1 were described initially in two 46,XY individuals with female external genitalia, Müllerian structures (uterus), and primary adrenal failure.
Objective: Given recent case reports of haploinsufficiency of SF1 affecting testicular function in humans, we aimed to identify SF1 mutations in a cohort of individuals with a phenotypic spectrum of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis/impaired androgenization (now termed 46,XY disorders of sex development) with normal adrenal function.
Methods and Patients: The study included mutational analysis of NR5A1 in 30 individuals with 46,XY disorders of sex development, followed by functional studies of SF1 activity.
Results: Heterozygous missense mutations in NR5A1 were found in four individuals (four of 30, 13%) with this phenotype. These mutations (V15M, M78I, G91S, L437Q) were shown to impair transcriptional activation through abnormal DNA binding (V15M, M78I, G91S), altered subnuclear localization (V15M, M78I), or disruption of the putative ligand-binding pocket (L437Q). Two mutations appeared to be de novo or germline changes. The other two mutations appeared to be inherited in a sex-limited dominant manner because the mother is heterozygous for the change.
Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that SF1 mutations are more frequent than previously suspected causes of impaired fetal and postnatal testicular function in 46,XY individuals.
Adaptive finite‐time optimal time‐varying formation control for second‐order stochastic nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Fu Yue , Fu Jun 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis work addresses a fuzzy‐based finite‐time optimal time‐varying formation (TVF) control issue for a class of second‐order stochastic multi‐agent systems (SMASs) with unknown nonlinearities. First, novel optimal cost functions with exponential power terms are constructed, which enables the SMASs to achieve finite‐time stability in the mean square sense with minimum cost. Then, based on the cost functions, an optimal controller is proposed, in which fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used as universal approximators to identify the unknown uncertainties. Theorem analyses show that the proposed control strategy can guarantee the mean‐square finite‐time bounded of all signals in the system and then the TVF control task can be simultaneously realized with minimum cost. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented control method is verified by a multiple omni‐directional robot system.
Strain‐Modulated Ferromagnetism at an Intrinsic van der Waals Heterojunction
Authors: Fujita Ryuji , Gurung Gautam , Mawass Mohamad‐Assaad , Smekhova Alevtina , Kronast Florian , Toh Alexander Kang‐Jun , Soumyanarayanan Anjan , Ho Pin , Singh Angadjit , Heppell Emily , Backes Dirk , Maccherozzi Francesco , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Mayoh Daniel A. , Balakrishnan Geetha , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe van der Waals interaction enables atomically thin layers of exfoliated 2D materials to be interfaced in heterostructures with relaxed epitaxy conditions, however, the ability to exfoliate and freely stack layers without any strain or structural modification is by no means ubiquitous. In this work, the piezoelectricity of the exfoliated van der Waals piezoelectric α‐In2Se3 is utilized to modify the magnetic properties of exfoliated Fe3GeTe2, a van der Waals ferromagnet, resulting in increased domain wall density, reductions in the transition temperature ranging from 5 to 20 K, and an increase in the magnetic coercivity. Structural modifications at the atomic level are corroborated by a comparison to a graphite/α‐In2Se3 heterostructure, for which a decrease in the Tuinstra‐Koenig ratio is found. Magnetostrictive ferromagnetic domains are also observed, which may contribute to the enhanced magnetic coercivity. Density functional theory calculations and atomistic spin dynamic simulations show that the Fe3GeTe2 layer is compressively strained by 0.4%, reducing the exchange stiffness and magnetic anisotropy. The incorporation of α‐In2Se3 may be a general strategy to electrostatically strain interfaces within the paradigm of hexagonal boron nitride‐encapsulated heterostructures, for which the atomic flatness is both an intrinsic property and paramount requirement for 2D van der Waals heterojunctions.
Biomaterial/Organic Heterojunction Based Memristor for Logic Gate Circuit Design, Data Encryption, and Image Reconstruction
Authors: Gao Kaikai , Sun Bai , Cao Zelin , Duan Xuegang , Yan Wentao , Tong Guoqing , Zhou Guangdong , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBenefiting from powerful logic‐computing, higher packaging density, and extremely low electricity consumption, memristors are regarded as the most promising next‐generation of electric devices and are capable of realizing brain‐like neuromorphic computation. However, the design of emerging circuit devices based on memristors and their potential application in unconventional fields are very meaningful for achieving some tasks that traditional electronic devices cannot accomplish. Herein, a Cu/PEDOT:PSS‐PP:PVDF/Ti structured memristor is fabricated by using the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) dopped biomaterial papaya peel (PP) and organic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) heterojunction as functional layer, which can be switched among resistive switching, self‐rectification effect, and capacitive behavior by adjusting the voltage bias/scan rate. Through further fitting of the data and simulating interfacial group reactions, this work innovatively proposes a charge conduction mode of device driven by Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, complexation reactions, and PEDOT:PSS pore removal. Finally, the regular logic gate and adder circuits are constructed based on the fabricated memristor, while a fully adder‐based encryption unit is designed to realize data encryption and image reconstruction. This work renders memristor compatible with logic circuits, widening a path toward data encryption and information security.