bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of autonomic symptoms in diabetics: the Swedish version of the Autonomic Symptom Profile
Authors: Mandl Thomas , Granberg Viktoria , Apelqvist Jan , Wollmer Per , Manthorpe Rolf , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryObjectives:  Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is a complication of diabetes and may be associated with troubling symptoms and increased mortality. Commonly, AD is detected by objective physiological tests and only recently, a validated self‐completed English questionnaire assessing AD symptoms, the Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP), was developed. The aims of this study were to translate the ASP into Swedish and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:  Forward and back translations were performed. Thirty‐one patients with type I diabetes, 200 population‐based controls and two AD experts participated in the study. Test–retest reliability was evaluated by letting 25 patients to fill in the ASP twice. Content validity was evaluated by two Swedish AD experts and construct validity was evaluated by studying associations between the ASP total score and five objective autonomic nervous function test variables. Finally, discriminant validity was evaluated by studying differences in the ASP total and domain scores between patients and controls.Results:  The translation was accepted without changes. Test–retest reliability and content validity of the Swedish ASP were considered good. The construct validity was considered acceptable with two significant associations between the ASP total score and the autonomic nervous function test variables. In addition, discriminant validity was considered acceptable with regard to the ASP total score as well as the sexual dysfunction, sleep disorder and vasomotor dysfunction domain scores significantly differing between patients and controls.Conclusion:  The Swedish version of the ASP was considered a reliable and valid instrument for the study of AD symptoms in patients with type I diabetes.
Retrospective – systematic study and quantitative analysis of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic perianal glands in dogs
Authors: Martins A. M. C. R. P. F. , Vasques‐Peyser A. , Torres L. N. , Matera J. M. , Dagli M. L. Z. , Guerra J. L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNeoplasms in the perianal region are frequently diagnosed in dogs. The aetiology is unknown, and most of them are benign. In this study, 240 neoplasms of the perianal glands of dogs were retrieved from the Department of Pathology archives of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), from 1984 to 2004. All 240 cases were re‐examined by two pathologists. Nine cases (4%) were diagnosed as hyperplasia, 49 (20%) as group I adenoma, 81 (34%) were classified as moderately differentiated adenomas of the group II, 46 (19%) were poorly differentiated adenomas of group II, 48 (20%) were carcinoma of the group III according to the classification proposed by Berrocal, and 7 (13%) were other kind of tumours. Males over 8 years of age were predominantly affected. Cell proliferation was quantified by counting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive nuclei, and apoptosis was quantified by counting fluorescent eosin‐stained apoptotic corpuscles (AC) in normal tissue, hyperplasia and in different histologic types of neoplasia of these glands. A parallel pattern of increase in both parameters (cell proliferation and apoptosis) was obtained. The net growth index (NGI), represents how much a cell population is proliferating or dying and was achieved by dividing the mean PCNA count in 1000 cells by the mean AC stain count in 1000 cells. NGI was different between hyperplasia and neoplasia; group I adenomas have a much higher potential of growth, and NGI decreases from benign towards malignant lesions. These results show up the importance of studying cell proliferation and apoptosis to understand the carcinogenesis of dog perianal gland.
Glucose transporter 1 expression in canine osteosarcoma
Authors: Petty J. C. , Lana S. E. , Thamm D. H. , Charles J. B. , Bachand A. M. , Bush J. M. , Ehrhart E. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHypoxia in tumours has been associated with an increased resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, and increased metastatic potential. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐α (HIF‐1α) is a transcription factor induced by hypoxia. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT‐1), a downstream product of HIF‐1α pathway activation, is over‐expressed in a variety of human tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine if GLUT‐1 is expressed in canine osteosarcomas (OSAs) and if the expression is related to tumour necrosis and outcome. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 44 histologically confirmed OSA tissue samples to assess expression of GLUT‐1. Of 44 cases, 27 (61%) expressed GLUT‐1. There was no statistical correlation between GLUT‐1 and disease‐free interval, survival time or percentage of necrosis. As hypothesized, GLUT‐1 is present in canine appendicular OSAs. A more objective evaluation of GLUT‐1 and other proteins in the HIF‐1α pathway may be warranted.
Modulation of Lymphocyte Proliferation Induced by Gastric MALT Lymphoma‐Associated Helicobacter pylori Strains
Authors: Ferrand Jonathan , Roumanes David , Pitard Vincent , Moreau Jean‐François , Mégraud Francis , Lehours Philippe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground:  Helicobacter pylori infection leads to different chronic diseases, suggesting that this bacterium can evade the host immune defense system. The ability to control lymphocyte proliferation may be a mechanism leading to the development of gastric pathologies. Our aim was to characterize the effects of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) associated H. pylori strains on lymphocyte proliferation.Materials and methods:  We measured the in vitro proliferation of human lymphocytes originally from blood or tonsil samples in the presence or absence of viable bacteria or lysates.Results:  We showed that MALT lymphoma‐associated strains are not likely to be directly responsible for anarchical B‐cell proliferation in vitro. On the other hand, proliferation of prestimulated T lymphocytes was abolished in vitro by the presence of all H. pylori strains, whether associated with MALT lymphoma or not.Conclusion:  Inhibition of T‐cell proliferation may be of major importance in the gastric colonization and in the persistence of the infection. Furthermore, this inhibition may favor anarchical B‐cell proliferation in vivo and predispose the host to gastric MALT lymphoma, whereas MALT‐associated H. pylori strains do not appear to possess a specific capability to directly stimulate B‐lymphocyte proliferation.
The Effects of Cyclooxygenase2–ProstaglandinE2 Pathway onHelicobacter pylori‐Induced Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator System in the Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Iwamoto Junichi , Mizokami Yuji , Takahashi Kimiko , Matsuoka Takeshi , Matsuzaki Yasushi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground: Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) play an important role in the destruction of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. The induction of uPA and uPAR in the gastric cancer cells withH. pylorihas been demonstrated previously. The involvement of COX‐2‐PGE2 pathway in the uPA system (uPA and uPAR) expression is unclear.Methods: Gastric cancer cells (MKN45) were co‐cultured withH. pyloristandard strain (NCTC11637). The specific inductions of uPA and uPAR mRNA were examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction amplification. The secreted uPA antigen was measured by ELISA. To evaluate the involvement of COX‐2 and PGE2 pathway inH. pylori‐induced uPA and uPAR expressions, we examined the effects of COX‐2 inhibitor and PGE2 receptor antagonist onH. pylori‐induced uPA and uPAR expression in the gastric cancer cells.Results: The expressions of both uPA and uPAR mRNAs in the gastric cancer cells increased obviously (12‐fold and 3‐fold, respectively) withH. pyloristimulation. The amount of uPA antigen into the culture medium increased dramatically withH. pyloristimulation.The COX‐2 expression level in the gastric cancer cells increased remarkably withH. pyloristimulation.H. pylori‐induced uPA and uPAR expression levels were suppressed with COX2 inhibitor treatment.The amount of PGE2 antigen into the culture medium increased dramatically 24 hours afterH. pyloristimulation. The gastric cancer cells expressed EP2 and EP4 subtypes. EP2 receptor antagonist suppressed theH. pylori‐induced uPA and uPAR expressions in the gastric cancer cells.Conclusions: Our results indicated that COX2‐PGE2 pathway may be involved inH. pylori‐associated uPA and uPAR induction, and that COX‐2 inhibitor or EP2 receptor antagonist may inhibit angiogenesis and tumor invasion via suppression of the uPA system.
Expression of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease‐1 (APE‐1) in H. pylori‐Associated Gastritis, Gastric Adenoma, and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Futagami Seiji , Hiratsuka Tetsuro , Shindo Tomotaka , Horie Akane , Hamamoto Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Kenji , Kusunoki Masafumi , Miyake Kazumasa , Gudis Katya , Crowe Sheila E. , Tsukui Taku , Sakamoto Choitsu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease‐1 (APE‐1) is a key enzyme in DNA base excision repair (BER), linked to cancer chemosensitivity. However, little is known about the localization of APE‐1 in Helicobacter pylori‐infected gastric mucosa or its role in the development of gastric cancer. To investigate the role of APE‐1 in the development of gastric cancer, we examined APE‐1 expression and localization in cultured cells and gastric biopsies from patients with H. pylori‐infected gastritis or gastric adenoma, and from surgically resected gastric cancer.Methods:  APE‐1 mRNA and protein expression were determined in H. pylori (CagA+) water‐extract protein (HPWEP)‐stimulated MKN‐28 cells, gastric adenocarcinoma cell‐line (AGS) cells, and human peripheral macrophages by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. APE‐1 expression and 8‐OHdG as a measure of oxidative DNA damage were evaluated by immunostaining. Localization of APE‐1 and IκBα phosphorylation in gastric adenoma and gastric cancer tissues were evaluated by single‐ and double‐label immunohistochemistry.Results:  In studies in vitro, HPWEP‐stimulation significantly increased APE‐1 mRNA expression levels in both MKN‐28 cells and human peripheral macrophages. Hypo/reoxygenation treatment significantly increased APE‐1 protein expression in HPWEP‐stimulated MKN‐28 cells. HPWEP stimulation significantly increased both APE‐1 expression and IκBα phosphorylation levels in MKN‐28 and AGS cells. In human tissues, APE‐1 expression in H. pylori‐infected gastritis without goblet cell metaplasia was significantly increased as compared to that in tissues from uninfected subjects. Eradication therapy significantly reduced both APE‐1 and 8‐OHdG expression levels in the gastric mucosa. APE‐1 expression was mainly localized in epithelial cells within gastric adenoma and in mesenchymal cells of gastric cancer tissues. APE‐1 expression in gastric cancer tissues was significantly reduced compared to that in H. pylori‐infected gastric adenoma, while 8‐OHdG index and IκBα phosphorylation levels did not differ between these two neoplastic tissue types. Co‐localization of APE‐1 and IκBα phosphorylation was observed not in gastric cancer cells but in gastric adenoma cells.Conclusion:  H. pylori infection is associated with increased APE‐1 expression in human cell lines and in gastric tissues from subjects with gastritis and gastric adenomas. The observed distinct expression patterns of APE‐1 and 8‐OHdG in gastric adenoma and gastric cancer tissues may provide insight into the progression of these conditions and warrants further investigation.
Voxel‐based analysis of whole brain FLAIR at 3T detects focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Focke Niels K. , Symms Mark R. , Burdett Jane L. , Duncan John S. 
Published: May 2008

Summary
Background: Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause for pharmacoresistant epilepsy that can be treated surgically. The identification of the abnormal cortex on standard MRI can be difficult and computational techniques have been developed to increase sensitivity. In this study we evaluate the potential of a novel whole‐brain voxel‐based technique using normalized FLAIR signal intensity (nFSI) at 3 Tesla.
Methods: Twenty‐five patients with neuroradiologically reported FCD were included and compared to 25 healthy control subjects using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). T2 FLAIR scans were intensity normalized and each individual patient was compared against the control group. Each control subject was compared against the remaining control group.
Results: SPM correctly identified the FCD in 88% of cases (22/25) with only one false positive finding in the control group. In all but one of these cases the FCD was the most significant finding in the whole brain. All three missing cases could be detected at lower threshold levels but this would give rise to more false positive findings and thus reduce specificity.
Conclusion: We present a novel technique that uses standard clinical T2 FLAIR scans to automatically detect FCDs. It can give supplementary information to the established T1‐based automated techniques and could be useful for additional screening test, to complement the visual reading and clinical interpretation of MRI scans.
Voxel‐based morphometry of temporal lobe epilepsy: An introduction and review of the literature
Authors: Keller Simon Sean , Roberts Neil 
Published: May 2008

Summary We review the applications and results of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) studies that have reported brain changes associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A PubMed search yielded 18 applications of VBM to study brain abnormalities in patients with TLE up to May 2007. Across studies, 26 brain regions were found to be significantly reduced in volume relative to healthy controls. There was a strong asymmetrical distribution of temporal lobe abnormalities preferentially observed ipsilateral to the seizure focus, particularly of the hippocampus (82.35% of all studies), parahippocampal gyrus (47.06%), and entorhinal (23.52%) cortex. The contralateral hippocampus was reported as abnormal in 17.65% of studies. There was a much more bilateral distribution of extratemporal lobe atrophy, preferentially affecting the thalamus (ipsilateral = 61.11%, contralateral = 50%) and parietal lobe (ipsilateral = 47.06%, contralateral = 52.94%). VBM generally reveals a distribution of brain abnormalities in patients with TLE consistent with the region‐of‐interest neuroimaging and postmortem literature. It is unlikely that VBM has any clinical utility given the lack of robustness for individual comparisons. However, VBM may help elucidate some unresolved important research questions such as how recurrent temporal lobe seizures affect hippocampal and extrahippocampal morphology using serial imaging acquisitions.
Cyclophosphamide for anti‐GAD antibody‐positive refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Kanter Ines C. , Huttner Hagen B. , Staykov Dimitre , Biermann Teresa , Struffert Tobias , Kerling Frank , Hilz Max‐Josef , Schellinger Peter D. , Schwab Stefan , Bardutzky Jürgen 
Published: May 2008

Summary Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the enzyme which catalyzes the production of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). There is increasing evidence that severe GAD autoimmunity may be associated with refractory epilepsy. Immunomodulation and GABAergic drugs have been suggested as treatment options. We report here for the first time on a patient with sudden onset of refractory status epilepticus in the presence of strong intrathecal anti‐GAD antibody synthesis who was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide, and give an overview of available data on epilepsy associated with GAD autoimmunity.
DIEL VARIATIONS IN OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF IMANTONIA ROTUNDA (HAPTOPHYCEAE) AND THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT IRRADIANCE LEVELS1
Authors: Mas Sébastien , Roy Suzanne , Blouin Frédérick , Mostajir Behzad , Therriault Jean‐Claude , Nozais Christian , Demers Serge 
Published: May 2008

Diel variations of cellular optical properties were examined for cultures of the haptophyte Imantonia rotunda N. Reynolds and the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hust.) Hasle et Heimdal grown under a 14:10 light:dark (L:D) cycle and transferred from 100 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1 to higher irradiances of 250 and 500 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1. Cell volume and abundance, phytoplankton absorption coefficients, flow‐cytometric light scattering and chl fluorescence, and pigment composition were measured every 2 h over a 24 h period. Results showed that cell division was more synchronous for I. rotunda than for T. pseudonana. Several variables exhibited diel variability with an amplitude >100%, notably mean cell volume for the haptophyte and photoprotective carotenoids for both species, while optical properties such as flow‐cytometric scattering and chl a–specific phytoplankton absorption generally showed <50% diel variability. Increased irradiance induced changes in pigments (both species) and mean cell volume (for the diatom) and amplified diel variability for most variables. This increase in amplitude is larger for pigments (factor of 2 or more, notably for cellular photoprotective carotenoid content in I. rotunda and for photosynthetic pigments in T. pseudonana) than for optical properties (a factor of 1.5 for chl a–specific absorption, at 440 nm, in I. rotunda and a factor of 2 for the absorption cross‐section and the chl a–specific scattering in T. pseudonana). Consequently, diel changes in optical properties and pigmentation associated with the L:D cycle and amplified by concurrent changes in irradiance likely contribute significantly to the variability in optical properties observed in biooptical field studies.
The Natural History of Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency in Men: Onset, Progression, and Spontaneous Remission
Authors: Travison Thomas G. , Shackelton Rebecca , Araujo Andre B. , Hall Susan A. , Williams Rachel E. , Clark Richard V. , O'Donnell Amy B. , McKinlay John B. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVES: To describe the onset, progression, and remission of symptomatic androgen deficiency (SAD) using longitudinal data from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS).DESIGN: A prospective, population‐based study of men living in Boston, Massachusetts. Data were collected in three waves: T1 (1987/89), T2 (1995/97), T3 (2002/04). Onset, progression, and remission were defined in terms of transitions in SAD status from one wave to the next.SETTING: In‐person, in‐home interviews.PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred sixty‐six community‐dwelling men aged 40 to 70 at baseline (T1) contributed data from T1 to T2 and 391 from T2 to T3.MEASUREMENTS: SAD was defined in terms of serum total and free testosterone (T) levels and symptoms associated with low circulating androgens. Total T and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured using radioimmunoassay. Free T was calculated from total T and SHBG measurements.RESULTS: At T2 or T3, the likelihood of SAD was markedly greater for subjects who had exhibited SAD at the previous wave (odds ratio=3.8, 95% confidence interval=1.9–7.4), overall 55% of subjects who exhibited SAD experienced remission by the next study wave. The probability of SAD was greater with older age and greater body mass index. Multivariate models demonstrated that the likelihood of remission was at least 50% for most subpopulations.CONCLUSION: Over approximately 15 years of follow‐up, SAD did not represent a stable health state. The likelihood of SAD would remit exceeded the likelihood that it would not, particularly among younger and leaner men.
Gendered Pathways to the Political: The Political Participation of Women Factory Workers in Mexico*
Authors: Melkonian‐Hoover Ruth 
Published: May 2008

Objectives. The objective of this article is to analyze the mobilization factors available within and without international factories that do and do not contribute to political participation of employees, hypothesizing that the quantity, type, and causal linkages will vary by gender.Methods. Using original survey data of factory employees (N=402) in multiple sectors and regions in Mexico, I test common explanations as to how the factory experience stimulates and stifles the political participation of women employees, exploring whether the causal linkages between the workplace and political engagement are the same for women and men.Results. Contrary to some of the recent research that reveals men to be more politically engaged than women in the Mexican population overall, my data show that among factory workers there is rough parity between men's and women's levels of political engagement. A distinction of note, controlling for other variables, female employees are more likely than male employees to engage in informal political activities.Conclusion. The international factory experience appears to have a limited “egalitarian” effect. The distribution of factors leading to political mobilization for women and men is not equal, yet women are able to translate a distinct set of factors into participation.
Latino Group Consciousness and Perceptions of Commonality with African Americans*
Authors: Sanchez Gabriel R. 
Published: May 2008

Objective. Currently, Latinos and African Americans constitute more than one‐quarter of the U.S. population. The sheer size of these groups suggests an opportunity for increased political influence, with this opportunity providing the incentive for greater social and political interaction between them. The objective of this article is to determine the role of Latino group consciousness in the formation of attitudes toward African Americans.Methods. Utilizing data from the 1999 Washington Post/Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation National Survey on Latinos, a multivariate ordered logit model is employed to test the relationship between Latino group consciousness and perceptions of commonality with African Americans.Results. Results show that group consciousness in the form of Latino internal commonality and perceived discrimination are contributors to Latino perceptions of commonality with African Americans.Conclusion. This analysis demonstrates that before any meaningful political alliances can be formed between the nation's two largest minority groups, Latinos may need to develop strong levels of panethnic identity.