bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HR competencies‐HR effectiveness link: A study in Taiwanese high‐tech companies
Authors: Han Jian , Chou Paul , Chao Minston , Wright Patrick M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between HR competencies and HR effectiveness as perceived by line managers and employees within 39 surveyed Taiwanese high‐tech firms. The data were collected from multiple constituencies in the form of four targeted surveys, and the analysis was conducted at the firm level. Respondents included 182 high‐level executives, 152 HR managers, 320 line managers, and 1,262 employees. Results suggest that in the Taiwanese high‐tech context, HR competencies of field expertise and change management are strongly related to HR effectiveness as perceived by line managers and employees, while business knowledge is not. Managerial implications and future research direction are also discussed in the article. This study contributes to a better understanding of HRM competencies and HR effectiveness within an international context. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A competence‐based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability
Authors: Heijde Claudia M. Van Der , Van Der Heijden Beatrice I. J. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEmployability is a critical requirement for enabling both sustained competitive advantage at the firm level and career success at the individual level. We propose a competence‐based approach to employability derived from an expansion of the resource‐based view of the firm. In this contribution, we present a reliable and valid instrument for measuring employability. This measure is based on a five‐dimensional conceptualization of employability, in which occupational expertise is complemented with generic competences. Two sources of raters (employees and their immediate supervisors) are involved in developing and testing the measure. Since the five dimensions of employability explain a significant amount of variance in both objective and subjective career success, the predictive validity of the tool is promising. This instrument facilitates further scientific HRM research and is of practical value in light of job and career assessments, recruitment, staffing, career mobility, and development practices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The development of strategic human resource professionals at bae systems
Authors: Quinn Ryan W. , Brockbank Wayne 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDynamic trends in the external business environment, in the challenges that companies face, and in the nature of HR itself demand that HR departments develop new capabilities and that HR professionals develop new competencies. This article examines BAE Systems (U.K.) as a detailed case study of a company that understands the demand for greater HR contribution to business value. BAE Systems acted on that understanding by providing a comprehensive HR professional development program to enhance the competencies of its HR professionals in order to encourage better business performance. Pre‐ and postprogram measures and extensive qualitative interviews about HR's impact on business performance evidences the effectiveness of this comprehensive approach to the development of HR professional competencies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase evaluation of an effervescent‐added apatitic calcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: Hesaraki Saeed , Moztarzadeh Fatollah , Solati‐Hashjin Mehran 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDevelopment of macroporosity during setting would allow fast bone ingrowth and good osteointegration of the implant. The interconnected macropores could be created in calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) through the addition of an effervescent porogen mixture to the component of the cements. But this addition could also affect other characteristics of CPCs, such as setting time, mechanical strength, extent of conversion of reactant to apatite phase, crystallinity, and chemical composition of apatite lattice. In this study, these properties were investigated in an effervescent‐added calcium phosphate bone cement. From 0 to 20 wt % of an effervescent mixture was added to calcium phosphate cement (CPC) components and phase evaluations were performed after 24 h incubation at 37°C and 28% relative humidity and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days immersion in a specific simulated body fluid. XRD and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the cement composition, crystallinity, and chemical groups in final CPCs. The results showed that addition of effervescent porogen affects the extent of conversion of reactant to apatite phase and crystallinity. In other words, using the effervescent porogen in CPCs could accelerate the rate of conversion of TTCP/DCPA reactant to apatite phase with smaller crystallites, so that it was the predominant phase (about 67%) after only 3 days soaking in SBF solution. The content of carbonate groups substituted for phosphate groups in apatite lattice increased when the effervescent additive was further added. The compressive strength of the set calcium phosphate cement decreased significantly with the addition of the effervescent agent and reached from 8 MPa for additive‐free CPC to 1.3 MPa for 20% effervescent‐added CPC. The compressive strength was improved after 3 days immersing of CPC in the simulated body fluid solution. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Changes in color and color parameters of dental resin composites after polymerization
Authors: Kim Il‐Jang , Lee Yong‐Keun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectives.The objectives were to measure the color change of varied shades of dental resin composites after polymerization, and to determine the correlation among the polymerization color change and the changes in color parameters after polymerization.Methods.Eight light‐curing resin composites, a total of 41 shades, were studied. Color of specimens (1 mm in thickness) was measured on a reflection spectrophotometer before and after polymerization over a white background. Changes in color (ΔE*ab), and color parameters (ΔL*, ΔC*ab, Δa*, and Δb*: value after polymerization – value before polymerization) were calculated.Results.The range of changes in each shade of resin composites was 1.1–7.9 for color (ΔE*ab), −7.5 to 2.3 for ΔL*, −6.8 to 3.1 for ΔC*ab, −0.9 to 1.2 for Δa*, and −6.8 to 3.1 for Δb*. ΔE*ab, ΔL*, ΔC*ab, Δa*, and Δb* were influenced by the brand and shade of resin composites, and there was a significant interaction between two independent variables (p < 0.05). On the basis of the multiple regression analysis, in which ΔE*ab after polymerization was set as a dependent variable and ΔL*, ΔC*ab, Δa* and Δb* as independent variables, multiple correlation coefficient (r) was 0.842 and the included predictors were ΔL* [standardized partial correlation coefficient (β) = −0.760] and ΔC*ab (β = −0.715). This result indicated that the polymerization changes in color and color parameters were varied by the brand and shade of resin composites, and the polymerization color change was caused by the changes in lightness and chroma with the similar power of influence. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
The effect of chemical modification of amino acid side‐chains on collagen degradation by enzymes
Authors: Gratzer Paul F. , Santerre J. Paul , Lee J. Michael 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study, the effects of specific chemical modifications of amino acid side‐chains on the in vitro enzyme degradation of type I collagen was studied. Two monofunctional epoxides of different size and chemistry were used to modify lysine and methylglyoxal was used to modify arginine. Lysine residues were modified using glycidol, a small hydrophilic reagent or n‐butylglycidylether, a larger hydrophobic reagent. Amino acid analysis, swelling measurements, in vitro enzyme degradation analyses (using either collagenase, trypsin, acetyltrypsin, or cathepsin B), and gel chromatography were used to determine the effects of each chemical modification on purified type I collagen.Collagen solubilization by enzymes depended upon the size and chemistry of epoxides used to modify lysine residues. Modification of lysine residues by glycidol and arginine modification by methylglyoxal together significantly reduced collagen solubilization by acetyltrypsin and collagenase, whereas increased collagen solubilization was observed for all enzymes after lysine modification with n‐butylglycidylether combined with arginine modification by methylglyoxal. Gel chromatographic analyses of collagen fragments solubilized by acetyltrypsin from type I collagen revealed that both the extent of solubilization and sites of cleavage were altered after lysine and arginine modification. In contrast, lysine and arginine modification only altered the amount of collagen solubilized by collagenase and had no effect on the amount collagen solubilized by cathepsin B. The ability to modulate the enzyme degradation of collagen‐based materials as demonstrated in this study may facilitate the design of novel scaffolds for tissue regeneration or collagen‐based drug/protein/gene delivery systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Comparative evaluation of heating ability and biocompatibility of different ferrite‐based magnetic fluids for hyperthermia application
Authors: Pradhan Pallab , Giri Jyotsnendu , Samanta Gopal , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Mishra Kaushala Prasad , Bellare Jayesh , Banerjee Rinti , Bahadur Dhirendra 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study, lauric acid‐coated, superparamagnetic, nanoparticle‐based magnetic fluids of different ferrites (Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4) were prepared and compared in terms of heating ability and biocompatibility to evaluate the feasibility of use in hyperthermia treatment of cancer. All the magnetic fluids prepared had particles of average sizes 9–11 nm. Heating ability of these magnetic fluids was evaluated by calorimetric measurement of specific absorption rate (SAR) at 300 kHz frequency and 15 kA/m field. Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4 showed higher SAR (120 and 97 W/g of ferrite, respectively) than CoFe2O4 (37 W/g of ferrite).In vitro study on BHK 21 cell lines showed dose‐dependent cell viability for all the magnetic fluids. Threshold‐biocompatible ferrite concentration for all the magnetic fluids was 0.1 mg/mL. Above 0.2 mg/mL, CoFe2O4 was more toxic than the other magnetic fluids. On intravenous injection of different doses (50, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of magnetic fluids in mice, no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed for Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4. With CoFe2O4, an increase in SGPT levels at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg body weight was observed, indicating its mild hepatotoxic effect. However, histology of different vital organs showed no pathological changes for all the three magnetic fluids. Further, long term in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility of the lauric acid‐coated ferrites is warranted. This study shows that lauric acid‐coated, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4 may be used for hyperthermia treatment and are to be preferred over CoFe2O4. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Adhesion of mouse fibroblasts on hexamethyldisiloxane surfaces with wide range of wettability
Authors: Wei Jianhua , Yoshinari Masao , Takemoto Shinji , Hattori Masayuki , Kawada Eiji , Liu Baolin , Oda Yutaka 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSurface wettability is an important physicochemical property of biomaterials, and it would be more helpful for understanding this property if a wide range of wettability are employed. This study focused on the effect of surface wettability on fibroblast adhesion over a wide range of wettability using a single material without changing surface topography. Plasma polymerization with hexamethyldisiloxane followed by oxygen (O2)‐plasma treatment was employed to modify the surfaces. The water contact angle of sample surfaces varied from 106° (hydrophobicity) to almost 0° (super‐hydrophilicity). O2 functional groups were introduced on polymer surfaces during O2‐plasma treatment. The cell attachment study confirmed that the more hydrophilic the surface, the more fibroblasts adhered in the initial stage that includes super‐hydrophilic surfaces. Cells spread much more widely on the hydrophilic surfaces than on the hydrophobic surfaces. There was no significant difference in fibroblast proliferation, but cell spreading was much greater on the hydrophilic surfaces. The fibronectin adsorbed much more on a hydrophilic surface while albumin dominated on a hydrophobic surface in a competing mode. These findings suggest the importance of the surface wettability of biomaterials on initial cell attachment and spreading. The degree of wettability should be taken into account when a new biomaterial is to be employed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Mutual wear evaluation of resin composites when opposing enamel and dentin
Authors: Suzuki Shiro , Wood M. B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMutual wear rates of resin composites and both superficial and deep layers of enamel and dentin were investigated by means of an in vitro wear test. Occlusal surfaces of extracted molars were ground flat to respective layers of enamel and dentin. Hemispherical‐shaped styli (n = 8) made of microfilled and microhybrid composites were placed perpendicular to the finished tooth surface (600 grit) in the presence of tap water, and a two‐body wear test (75 N load and 1.2 Hz) was performed for 100,000 cycles. The wear depths on both tooth and composite specimens were determined, and the data were statistically analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Boneferroni test (p < 0.05). The values of deep and superficial dentin specimens against Esthet‐X (530.2 ± 213.0 μm and 717.4 ± 309.6 μm) were significantly greater than those against Epic‐TMPT (34.1 ± 17.6 μm and 29.3 ± 10.8 μm). The values of Esthet‐X against dentin were the smallest (2.4–2.6 μm), followed by those of the same material against enamel (5.5–6.1 μm), and those of Epic‐TMPT against enamel (7.2–7.9 μm). It was concluded that the wear rates of dentin varied with the type of composite used while those of enamel showed the consistency. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Human mesenchymal progenitor cell responses to a novel textured poly(L‐lactide) scaffold for ligament tissue engineering
Authors: Heckmann Leslie , Schlenker Heiter‐Julian , Fiedler Jörg , Brenner Rolf , Dauner Martin , Bergenthal Gerolf , Mattes Thomas , Claes Lutz , Ignatius Anita 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBiocompatibility and cell seeding capability of a new cell scaffold made of textured polylactic acid (PLA) fibers was investigated as a new material for tissue engineering of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL). Adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) was investigated after 15 days by scanning electron microscopy and standard histology. Expression of collagen type I and III, fibronectin, tenascin C, decorin, smooth muscle actin, and the matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐1 and MMP‐2, as well as their tissue inhibitors TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 was analyzed using real‐time PCR. Protein expression of collagen I and III, tenascin C, and proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunohistology. Apoptosis was analyzed by detection of p53 expression and TUNEL staining. MPC seeded the scaffold homogeneously and showed good cell growth and no increased rate of apoptosis. After 15 days, the matrix forming genes collagen type I, tenascin C, and decorin were upregulated, indicating the formation of a ligament‐like matrix. MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 were also significantly increased, suggesting initial matrix remodeling. It was concluded that the new porous PLA scaffold allowed homogeneous cell seeding, a fibroblastic phenotype and the production of a ligament‐like matrix and, therefore, might be a suitable cell carrier for ACL tissue engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
A preliminary report on a novel electrospray technique for nanoparticle based biomedical implants coating: Precision electrospraying
Authors: Kumbar Sangamesh G. , Bhattacharyya Subhabrata , Sethuraman Swaminathan , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe compatibility and biological efficacy of biomedical implants can be enhanced by coating their surface with appropriate agents. For predictable functioning of implants in situ, it is often desirable to obtain an extremely uniform coating thickness without effects on component dimensions or functions. Conventional coating techniques require rigorous processing conditions and often have limited adhesion and composition properties. In the present study, the authors report a novel precision electrospraying technique that allows both degradable and nondegradable coatings to be placed. Thin metallic slabs, springs, and biodegradable sintered microsphere scaffolds were coated with poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLAGA) using this technique. The effects of process parameters such as coating material concentration and applied voltage were studied using PLAGA and poly(ethylene glycol) coatings. Morphologies of coated surfaces were qualitatively characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative observations suggested that the coatings were composed of particles of various size/shape and agglomerates with different porous architectures. PLAGA coatings of uniform thickness were observed on all surfaces. Spherical nanoparticle poly(ethylene glycol) coatings (462–930 nm) were observed at all concentrations studied. This study found that the precision electrospraying technique is elegant, rapid, and reproducible with precise control over coating thickness (μm to mm) and is a useful alternative method for surface modification of biomedical implants. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Highly porous 3D nanofiber scaffold using an electrospinning technique
Authors: Kim GeunHyung , Kim WanDoo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA successful 3D tissue‐engineering scaffold must have a highly porous structure and good mechanical stability. High porosity and optimally designed pore size provide structural space for cell accommodation and migration and enable the exchange of nutrients between the scaffold and environment. Poly(ϵ‐carprolactone) fibers were electrospun using an auxiliary electrode and chemical blowing agent (BA), and characterized according to porosity, pore size, and their mechanical properties. We also investigated the effect of the BA on the electrospinning processability. The growth characteristic of human dermal fibroblasts cells cultured in the webs showed the good adhesion with the blown web relative to a normal electrospun mat. The blown nanofiber web had good tensile properties and high porosity compared to a typical electrospun nanofiber scaffold. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effects of incorporating nanosized calcium phosphate particles on properties of whisker‐reinforced dental composites
Authors: Xu Hockin H. K. , Sun Limin , Weir Mike D. , Takagi Shozo , Chow Laurence C. , Hockey Bernard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClinical data indicate that secondary caries and restoration fracture are the most common problems facing tooth restorations. Our ultimate goal was to develop mechanically‐strong and caries‐inhibiting dental composites. The specific goal of this pilot study was to understand the relationships between composite properties and the ratio of reinforcement filler/releasing filler. Nanoparticles of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) were synthesized and incorporated into a dental resin for the first time. Silicon carbide whiskers were fused with silica nanoparticles and mixed with the MCPM particles at MCPM/whisker mass ratios of 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 0:1. The composites were immersed for 1–56 days to measure Ca and PO4 release. When the MCPM/whisker ratio was changed from 0:1 to 1:2, the composite flexural strength (mean ± SD; n = 5) decreased from 174 ± 26 MPa to 138 ± 9 MPa (p < 0.05). A commercial nonreleasing composite had a strength of 112 ± 14 MPa. When the MCPM/whisker ratio was changed from 1:2 to 1:1, the Ca concentration at 56 days increased from 0.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L to 1.74 ± 0.06 mmol/L (p < 0.05). The corresponding PO4 concentration increased from 3.88 ± 0.21 mmol/L to 9.95 ± 0.69 mmol/L (p < 0.05). Relationships were established between the amount of release and the MCPM volume fraction vMCPM in the resin: [Ca]= 42.9 v, and [PO4] = 48.7 v. In summary, the method of combining nanosized releasing fillers with reinforcing fillers yielded Ca‐ and PO4‐releasing composites with mechanical properties matching or exceeding a commercial stress‐bearing, nonreleasing composite. This method may be applicable to the use of other Ca–PO4 fillers in developing composites with high stress‐bearing and caries‐preventing capabilities, a combination not yet available in any dental materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Simulation of polyethylene wear in ankle joint prostheses
Authors: Bell Carol J. , Fisher John 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe performance of total ankle replacements (TARs) have not been comparable to those of the other major joints of the lower extremity. The aim of this work was to develop a new simulator test to compare the wear of a new mobile bearing TAR (Mobility) with one with a good clinical history, the Buechel Pappas, using kinematic inputs derived from the literature. The wear rate for the Mobility components was lower than that for the Buechel‐Pappas ankle joints at all time points. The wear rate for both sets of components increased with the inclusion of an anterior/posterior displacement in the kinematic inputs. This was expected as the components are subjected to higher kinematic demands and reproduces similar effects found in knee prostheses. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to study wear of TARs in a modified simulator originally designed for total knee replacements. It was also shown that the new Mobility ankle compares favorably with the Buechel Pappas ankle, which has a successful clinical history, under the simulator test conditions described. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Radiation synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)/acrylic acid hydrogel as carrier for site specific drug delivery
Authors: Ali Amr El‐Hag , Hegazy El‐Sayed A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractpH‐sensitive hydrogels were prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and acrylic acid (AAc) in aqueous solution employing γ‐radiation‐induced copolymerization and crosslinking. The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels was determined by investigating the time and pH‐dependent swelling of the (PEG/AAc) hydrogels of different PEG content. The effect of environmental parameters such as pH and ionic strength on the swelling kinetics was studied. The results not only show the dependence of the swelling indices on the pH value of the swelling medium but also show a clear dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the ionic strength of the medium. To estimate the ability of the prepared copolymer to be used as a colon‐specific drug carrier, the release of ketoprofen was studied as a function of time at pH 1 and pH 7. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006