bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROWTH HORMONE AND RADIO-SULFATE INCORPORATION IN COSTAL CARTILAGE
Authors: Collins Elliott J. , Lyster S. C. , Carpenter O. S. , Baker Vernon F. , Lund George H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radio-sulfate incorporation by costal cartilage and measurements of width of epiphyseal plate of hypophysectomized, immature rats in response to growth hormone and other pituitary hormones was studied to compare the two methods in regard to sensitivity, precision and specificity. The radio-sulfate method was found to be slightly more sensitive and to have a lower standard error of relative potency when compared with the tibia method. There was a significant response of costal cartilage to lactogenic hormone. Thyrotrophin stimulated and corticotrophin inhibited the epiphyseal plate. Corticotrophin did not interfere with response of costal cartilage to growth hormone.
URINARY OESTROGENS IN THE STALLION
Authors: Pigon Halina , Lunaas Torleiv , Velie Weiert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous reports by other investigators on the presence of oestrone and oestradiol-17β in stallions' urine have been substantiated by chemical methods including infrared spectrophotometry. In addition a third oestrogen, oestradiol-17α, was isolated from this source.
Quantitative chemical determinations of oestrogens in urine samples from 36 stallions from 7 to 37 months old, showed that only insignificant quantities were excreted during the first two years of life. At this time there was a marked increase, with oestrone predominating.
In 8 mature stallions the average value for oestrone was 20.7 mg per litre of urine. Both oestradiol-17β and oestradiol-17α were excreted in amounts approximating 1/10 of this value.
Using the same method only trace amounts of urinary oestrogens were recorded in 10 fully grown geldings.
THE TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA WITH A DEPOT PREPARATION OF PREDNISOLONE
Authors: Komrower G. M. , Longson D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In congenital adrenal hyperplasia in infants, adequate adrenal suppression can be achieved by the injections of prednisolone trimethylacetate at intervals of three to four weeks.
GONADOTROPHINS AND PROLACTIN IN HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS
Authors: Currie A. R. , Dekanski J. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human anterior pituitary glands collected at autopsy within 6 hours of death were investigated for gonadotrophic and lactogenic activity. The glands were extracted with 2 % saline and most of the gonadotrophic and lactogenic activity appears to be extracted by this procedure. Little corticotrophic and thyrotrophic activity was found in the extract.
The yield of extractable gonadotrophin in the pituitary glands of males and females of varying ages, and the effect of ovariectomy (in two cases) and of cortisone therapy (in one case) on the yield have been investigated. A reference preparation for human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG20A, Organon) was used as a standard.
The amount of stored gonadotrophin increased with advancing age in both sexes. Ovariectomy was associated with a higher yield and cortisone therapy with a lower yield than that shown in pooled pituitary glands from women of the same age group.
The ratio of the biological activity of FSH to ICSH in the pituitary glands of men over the age of 50 was about 1 : 1.
The method of assay for prolactin was semi-quantitative but there was the same general trend of increased yield with advancing age. The pituitary gland from the case treated with cortisone had the highest yield while ovariectomy appeared to result in a decrease in the stored amount of the hormone.
The functional significance of the results of the yield of stored hormones in the human pituitary gland is briefly discussed.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE URINARY METABOLITES AND SECRETION RATES OF ALDOSTERONE AND CORTISOL IN MAN AND A DESCRIPTION OF METHODS FOR THEIR MEASUREMENT
Authors: Flood C. , Layne D. S. , Ramcharan S. , Rossipal E. , Tait J. F. , Tait S. A. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Methods suitable for the estimation of urinary metabolites of aldosterone and of cortisol are described. The excretion of 3H and of 14C in various urinary fractions after the simultaneous injection of 7-3H aldosterone and 4-14C cortisol have been investigated, and the secretion rates of these steroids were estimated. Factors affecting the accuracy of the methods and their suitability for routine use are discussed.
Considerable difference was found in the pattern of excretion of 3H and of 14C. In particular, a much larger proportion of the injected tritium was released on extraction at pH. 1. Further, while the total excretion of glucuronide as a percentage of the injected dose was greater for 14C than for 3H, about 72 % of the total tritium in the glucuronide fraction of the first 24 hour urine collection was eluted as a single chromatographic peak, whereas about 60 % of the 14C in the glucuronide fraction was eluted as tetrahydrocortisone, tetrahydrocortisol and allotetrahydrocortisol combined.
Excretion values for aldosterone released at pH 1 were obtained for nine normal men after addition of tritiated aldosterone to the urine, and for five normal women and one normal man after injection of the isotope. Excretion values for cortisol metabolites are reported for six normal subjects after injection of 4-14C cortisol.
Secretion rates for cortisol were calculated for six normal subjects from the specific activity of the tetrahydro metabolites. The values were 12.2 to 20.5, mean 17.2 mg/d, and agreed with those reported by other workers. The secretion rates for aldosterone, based on the specific activity of the aldosterone released at pH 1 were 50 to 118, mean 77 μg/d.
HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE OVARIES OF NORMAL AND EXPERIMENTALLY TREATED RATS
Authors: Taylor Fletcher B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Results from histochemical staining of ovaries of normal and experimentally treated rats using a method allegedly specific for 3β-ol steroids, together with blood progestin, progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and urine pregnanediol (5β-pregnane-3α-20α-diol) determinations suggested that:
1. Thecal and interstitial tissue as well as luteal tissue of adult rat ovaries all produced progesterone and consequently the production of progesterone was not limited to a specific anatomic unit (e. g. corpus luteum). 2. The progesterone thus produced was secreted in part into the blood stream, for with each significant increase in the intensity of the histochemical reaction there was an associated rise in blood progestin, progesterone and urine pregnanediol. This did not quantitate the amount of progesterone involved in intermediary metabolism (e. g. of allopregnane3β-ol-20-one, pregn-4-ene-3β-ol-20-one). 3. The ovarian tissue of immature rats also produced progesterone.
CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN INTACT RATS FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS AND INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS
Authors: Rerup Claus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The question of the stimulating effect of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal saline injections on the pituitary-adrenal system has been reevaluated in rats. Contrary to statements in the literature it was found that under careful conditions neither subcutaneous nor intraperitoneal injections per se necessarily cause a fall in adrenal ascorbic acid concentration. The consequences of these findings for assay purposes are investigated and discussed.
PAPIERELEKTROPHORETISCHE AUFSPALTUNG GONADOTROPER SUBSTANZEN
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang G. , Frahm Heinz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The paperelectrophoresis of different charges of one chorion-gonadotrophin preparation and two charges of a serum-gonadotrophin preparation at different pH-levels showed in the course of systematic tests of electrophoresis-strips in the bio-test (weight-test of the ovary, uterus and the ventral lobe of the prostate-gland of intact infantile rats and the ovary weight-test of hypophysectomized infantile rats) with special consideration for the histology of the ovaries an exactly localised, biologically active complex. A suitable dose has been used for the different test-organs which resulted from the bioassays of the different charges. A weight-curve with multiple peaks at systematical tests is not caused by many or biologically different fractions but the result of a relative over-dosage. Through histological slides of the ovaries of hypophysectomized infantile rats a slight FSH-activity could be demonstrated in the center of the biological maximum for the chorion-gonadotrophin with higher dosage. The migratory speed of the biological activity at the same pH-level was almost the same for the different charges of the same chorion-gonadotrophin preparation, of which the mucopolysaccharide-spectrums in the electropherogram after staining with Ninhydrin, Amido-Black 10 B and Schiff's Stain differ partly to a higher degree. The biological activity therefore, migrated in differently constituted mucopolysaccharide-complexes.
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PREGNANCY URINE
Authors: Nagy D. , Gáti I. , Keller G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By a special chromatographic procedure three chemically well-defined, presumably protein or polypeptide fractions could be separated from extracts of human pregnancy urine. Only one of these fractions had any gonadotrophic activity as measured by the male frog test.
DER UMSATZ VON DEHYDROISOANDROSTERON IN DER HUNDELEBER
Authors: Klempien E. J. , Voigt K. D. , Tamm J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone when perfused through the isolated dog liver has been studied. The experimental technique for the perfusion and the extraction and isolation procedures are described. The level of malic acid dehydrogenase was found to be a good index of the functional capacity of the liver. The metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone follows two distinct pathways one leading to sulfate conjugation the other to changes in the steroid nucleus. In our experiments it was found that both reactions yielded approximately equivalent amounts of break-down products. No phosphate or glucuronide conjugates could be demonstrated. Six metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone were isolated four of which were identified chemically (3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one, 3β,17β(?)-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene, 17β-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one, and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione). The results obtained are briefly discussed.
THE OCCURRENCE OF ARGYROPHIL CELLS IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF AMERICAN OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE
Authors: Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Distinct argyrophil islet cells were found in thin paraffin sections of pancreas both from normal mice and from those with the American variety of the obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome. In the obese animals the relative proportion of argyrophil cells was only about half as great as in their thin litter mates. In both groups the argyrophil cells were mainly localized to the periphery in the larger islets. The results are discussed in the light of the hypothesis put forward by Mayer et al. (1953), that hyperglycaemia in the obese strain results from excessive secretion of glucagon from the A cells.
ON THE PROLONGED INFLUENCE OF GONADAL HORMONES AND OF A DIET WITH A HIGH CA/P-RATIO ON BONE IN THE RAT
Authors: Aho A. J. , Grönroos M. , Raijola E. , Kajanen M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Young ovariectomized female albino rats were treated with gonadal hormones (oestrogen, androgen and progesterone) for half a year, during which time they also received a diet with a high Ca/P-ratio and sugar. The effect of this treatment on the body weight and the weight, length, and Ca-, P-, and N-content of the femurs was investigated.
The weight of the femurs given in percentage of the mean initial body weight was significantly lowest in the oestrogen group and highest in the androgen group. The significantly lowest Ca content was observed in the androgen group and also in the progesterone group. In the oestrogen group the value was no higher than that in the control series. The phosphorus content of the femurs was higher for the animals which had undergone hormonal treatment than for the control animals. The N-content in the androgen and progesterone groups, but not in the oestrogen group, was significantly lower as compared with the controls.
It seems likely that a diet with a high Ca/P-ratio, which contains more carbohydrates than an ordinary diet, would not be unfavourable for the calcification of developing bone with regard to the Ca-, P- and N-contents of the bone. Of the gonadal hormones androgen particularly, and to some extent progesterone seem to have a reducing effect on the Ca- and N-contents of the bone under these conditions.
VERLAUFSUNTERSUCHUNGEN DES WASSERHAUSHALTES BEI ADIPÖSEN UNTER TRIJODTHYRONINTHERAPIE MIT BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DER ALDOSTERONAUSSCHEIDUNG IM HARN UND EINES ANTIDIURETISCHEN PRINZIPS IM SERUM (ADH)
Authors: Olsen J. M. , Bansi H. W. , Olsen K. J. , Fretwurst F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 4 patients with excessive obesity (78.4—160.8 kg body-weight) the following determinations were performed before and during triiodo-thyronine treatment: the aldosterone excretion in the urine, the serum concentration of antidiuretic substances (ADH according to Buchborn), the osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride in plasma and urine, the total and extracellular fluid compartments, the glomerular filtration rate (by inulin clearance), the renal plasma flow, and the circulating plasma volume.
During triiodothyronine treatment, the previously increased levels of aldosterone in the urine and the serum ADH decreased towards the normal range. The glomerular filtration rate and the renal plasma flow, both as a rule significantly reduced in obesity, as well as the circulating plasma volume were increased. In all 4 cases, the administration of triiodo-thyronine was followed by distinct natriuresis, reduction of the cholesterol level in the serum, and an increase of the basal metabolic rate.
A statistically significant relation could be demonstrated between the aldosterone excretion rate in the urine and the ADH concentration of the serum on the one hand and the circulating plasma volume on the other. This relation was also found between the aldosterone excretion and ADH concentration in the serum.
THE MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL METABOLISM IN ATHYREOTIC PATIENTS BY SODIUM DEXTRO-THYROXINE
Authors: Starr Paul 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Soduim dextro-thyroxine alone, when given to completely athyreotoxic patients, maintains the basal metabolism and the serum cholesterol concentration at a normal level: the blood pressure is unchanged; the body weight may be reduced; the pulse rate seems increased less than would be expected from the rise in basal metabolism; and the electrocardiogram shows the changes characteristic of recovery from the myxoedematous state. Subjective and objective clinical findings indicating correction of the myxoedematous state occurred early in the course of treatment.
EFFECT OF THYROIDECTOMY ON OVARIAN MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Thorsøe Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroidectomy in rabbits brought about enlargement of the ovaries. Four out of ten thyroidectomized animals presented polycystic ovaries consisting mostly of giant follicles. The increased ovarian weight was due to an increased content of water which was accompanied by an increased concentration of hexosamine. Microscopic examination revealed a hypertrophy of the follicular tissue. The fluid of the large follicles, staining metachromatically with toluidine blue had a high content of acid mucopolysaccharides. The Graafian follicles of the thyroidectomized animals showed an increased uptake of 35S, whereas developing follicles, with a high production of metachromatic substance incorporated only negligeable amounts of 35S.
VERSAGEN DES INTRAVENÖSEN ACTH-TESTS BEI EINEM FALL VON CUSHING-SYNDROM INFOLGE BILATERALER HYPERPLASIE DER NEBENNIERENRINDE
Authors: Tamm J. , Voigt K. D. , Kracht J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case report is given of a patient with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia. The 17-OHCS in plasma showed only a low or none response to corticotrophin (ACTH), administered intravenously. The elevated excretion of 17-OHCS in urine exhibited a further increase following the first ACTH administration, but were not depressed significantly after 120 mg triamcinolone within four days. No reaction of urinary 17-OHCS was seen following a second ACTH-infusion. A plausible explanation for these phenomena can not be given.
After bilateral adrenalectomy measurable amounts of 17-OHCS were excreted in urine, probably reflecting the steroid secretion of aberrant adrenal cortical tissue. Plasma clearance of exogenous cortisol was some-what delayed without disturbed formation of conjugated steroids.
Postoperative well-being of the patient was achieved only by treatment with the 21-deoxysteroid oxylone or with triamcinolone combined with deoxycorticosterone acetate.
EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AND ON ADRENAL WEIGHT IN RATS
Authors: de Wied D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intact, sham-operated, hypophysectomized rats and rats bearing extensive lesions in the median eminence were stressed by ether anaesthesia. The pituitary-adrenal response to the stress was determined on the in vitro steroidogenesis by adrenal gland slices of the left gland and on adrenal weight changes in the left and right gland. The absence of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy which normally occurs following the removal of the left gland, was used as an index of the inhibition of the secretion of ACTH (corticotrophin) from the adenohypophysis in the lesioned rats.
Following ether stress, corticoid production in vitro of the left adrenal gland rose considerably in intact rats. Adrenal response to stress of sham-operated animals was almost similar to that of intact rats at 4, 66 and 162 hours but significantly depressed at 18 hours following operation. Hypophysectomized and lesioned rats, however, failed to exhibit an increased steroidogenesis in vitro following ether stress at the four time intervals studied. Pitressin markedly stimulated corticoidogenesis of adrenals of lesioned rats at 18. 66 and 162 hours following the production of lesions. The weight of the left adrenal gland of lesioned and hypophysectomized rats decreased gradually during the period studied; that of the latter group decreased at a faster rate. Adrenal hypertrophy, usually observed some time after placement of a lesion, did not occur in the lesioned rats of the present experiments.
Weight increase of the right adrenal removed one week following extirpation of the left gland, was similar in intact and sham-operated rats, whereas this compensatory adrenal hypertrophy was absent in hypophys-ectomized as well as in lesioned animals.
AN ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING PRINCIPLES IN HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONED RATS
Authors: de Wied D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An assay of corticotrophin-releasing principles is described, using rats with lesions in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, 18 hours after electrocoagulation. In vitro steroidogenesis by adrenal glands was used as a parameter of pituitary-adrenal activity. The blocking effect of the lesion on the release of ACTH (corticotrophin) in response to stress was measured by the effect of ether anaesthesia on corticoid production in vitro of the left adrenal, whereas steroidogenesis of the right adrenal was used as an index of the corticotrophic effect of corticotrophin-releasing principles.
ISOLATION OF 17-HYDROXY-PREGNENOLONE FROM PERIPHERAL HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA
Authors: Oertel Georg W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One hitherto unidentified δ5-3β-hydroxy-steroid has been isolated from 1000 ml normal male plasma. By such criteria as infrared and sulfuric acid spectra, mobility of the free and acetylated compound in different solvent systems of paper chromatography, as well as a positive reaction with sulfuric acid-ethanol reagent, the isolated material was identified as 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone.
CHANGES IN THE VAGINAL SMEARS OF RATS DURING NORMAL AND DISTURBED PREGNANCIES
Authors: Grönroos M. , Kauppila O. , Soiva K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Vaginal smears of rats taken during normal and disturbed pregnancies have been examined after Shorr staining. The vaginal smears of control rats, the pregnancies of which progressed normally, contained few cells and had layer indices approaching zero. The result of a disturbance of the pregnancy by audiogenic and visual stimulation was abortion in three rats, but in the remaining eleven, pregnancy progressed to term. In nearly all the latter animals, numerous superficial and acidophilic cells were found in the vaginal smears and the layer indices were 70—75 per cent in many of the smears.
EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED INTRACEREBRAL IMPLANTATION OF OESTROGEN ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN THE FEMALE RABBIT
Authors: Davidson Julian M. , Sawyer Charles H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Implantation of minute amounts of oestradiol benzoate into posterior median eminence – basal tuberal region of the hypothalamus in 8 rabbit does was followed by failure of copulation-induced ovulation and eventually by ovarian atrophy. Similar implants into the adenohypophysis, mammillary body and other parts of the brain (21 does) did not produce these results. Oestrous behaviour during pseudopregnancy and after ovariectomy or gonadal atrophy was noted frequently in animals with implants in various parts of the brain. The data suggest that the posterior median eminencebasal tuberal area of the hypothalamus is a focus for the »negative feedback« action of oestrogen on pituitary gonadotrophin secretion in the female rabbit.
DISTURBED URINARY EXCRETION PATTERN OF OESTROGENS IN NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: Andrén L. , Borglin N. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
There is an increased excretion of oestradiol-17β and oestrone in newborns with congenital dislocation of the hip. This increase is ascribed to an inborn and probably hereditary error of metabolism.
DISTRIBUTION OF 131I-LABELLED THYROID HORMONES AND ALBUMIN IN SKIN, SKIN-WOUNDS AND OTHER TISSUES OF GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Moltke Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake in skin, wounds, muscle, and liver of thyroid hormones, iodide, and human albumin, all labelled with 131I, has been investigated. Thyroid hormones were either labelled in vitro or endogenously in the animals' own thyroid gland after intraperitoneal injection of 131I-iodine. In all series the wound-tissues retained significantly more activity than the skin. In no instance could this increase have been due to the increased water content of the wounds, even if this had been caused solely by plasma. The increase was, however, almost exactly the same whether labelled thyroid hormones or albumin was used, although the tissues retained a much lower percentage of the available albumin than of the thyroid hormones.
It is suggested that most of the increased activity in the wounds after injection of radioactive thyroxine is caused by the same process as that which raises the radioactivity of the wounds in the albumin experiment: a leaking-out of plasma-proteins in the traumatic oedema. An »active« binding of thyroid hormone in the wounds in excess of that found in the skin, can not be excluded, but it can only be of little quantitative significance.
EFFECT OF REPEATED THYROTROPHIN DOSES ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE BY THE HUMAN THYROID: TIME-RESPONSE RELATIONS
Authors: Einhorn J. , Wikholm Gunnel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three injections of thyrotrophin were administered in euthyroid patients at intervals of 24 hours. Their effects on the iodine accumulation rate in the thyroid were determined at various intervals after the final injection. The iodine accumulation rate increased with repeated TSH injections. The effect reached its maximum 15–18 hours after the final injection. It is suggested that to ensure the maximal uptake of radioiodine following repeated injections of TSH, the radioiodine dose should be administered approximately 15 hours after the last injection.