bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro investigation of the origin of echoes within biliary sludge
Authors: Filly Roy A. , Allen Bruce , Minton Michael J. , Bernhoft Robin , Way Lawrence W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the origin of echoes from “biliary sludge,” concentrated bile and bile from 5 patients with ultrasound findings of biliary sludge were examined in a tissue‐equivalent phantom before and after filtration through progressively smaller pore sizes. Filtration converted echogenic bile to echo‐free bile. Examination of the filtration residue by light microscopy established that the source of echoes in biliary sludge was particles, predominantly pigment granules, with lesser amounts of cholesterol crystals. Partial chemical characterization by determination of vulnerability to different solvents verified that the sludge was mainly calcium bilirubinate.
Wall motion characteristic of the right pulmonary artery in the suprasternal echocardiogram
Authors: Kasper Wolfgang , Meinertz Thomas , Kersting Friedrich , Löllgen Herbert , Just Hanjörg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study describes the motion pattern of the right pulmonary artery (RPA) as it can be assessed from the suprasternal echocardiogram. The motion characteristic of the RPA is dependent on hemodynamic factors within the lumen of the RPA and those within the left atrium and the aortic arch. During atrial contraction the superior wall of the left atrium separates from the inferior wall of the RPA (IWRPA) and produces an “a” dip in the wall motion of the IWRPA. During isovolumic contraction the RPA is shifted upward (IC point). The incisura in the pulmonary artery pressure curve reflecting pulmonic valve closure can be seen by a sudden decrease in the diameter of the RPA (PC point). In conditions coinciding with pulmonary arterial hypertension, the overall diameter of the RPA increases, and the IC and PC points are flattened or even absent. Thus, changes in hemodynamics caused by pulmonary or cardiac disease may be analyzed noninvasively on the basis of altered wall motion of the RPA.
Ultrasound demonstration of the normal fetal yolk sac
Authors: Sauerbrei Eric , Cooperberg Peter L. , Poland Betty J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing high‐resolution real‐time ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy, we have been able to demonstrate, in addition to the fetus, the yolk sac and the amniotic membrane. Pitfalls to avoid in first‐trimester pregnancies include (a) mistaking the yolk sac for a second separate fetus, (b) including the yolk sac in the crown–rump length, and (c) misinterpreting the amniotic membrane for a septum between two separate gestational sacs.
Floating gallstones: The role of contrast material
Authors: Scheske Glen A. , Cooperberg Peter L. , Cohen Max M. , Burhenne H. Joachim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong more than 400 patients with gallstones examined in our department in the past 2 yr, calculi were seen to float in only 3 patients. In each of these cases the ultrasound examination was done during or shortly after the oral cholecystogram. This suggests that contrast material raised the specific gravity of the bile and caused the floating phenomenon. No cases of floating stones in the absence of contrast material were found.
Comparison between black and white backgrounds for ultrasonic images
Authors: Sanders Roger C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and three studies were selected from approximately 5,000 abdominal examinations where comparable images obtained at the same level with both a black and a white background were available. The ease with which liver metastatic lesions, ducts and vessels in the liver and pancreas, the renal pyramids, and the gallbladder wall could be seen with the two modalities was compared. It was felt that textured organs, such as the liver and kidney, were best shown with a black background but that tubular structures, such as the pancreatic duct, were easier to see with a white background.
Intraoperative B‐mode scanning
Authors: Lane Rodney J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe applications of intraoperative scanning are described in the arterial and pancreatico‐biliary trees. The findings in 85 patients and 10 postmortem specimens are reviewed. Specific scanning techniques are described, and the results are compared with conventional radiological methods and actual operative findings. A critical comparison of both techniques is presented with illustrations of the unique capacities of intraoperative ultrasound, particularly in the pancreas.
Ultrasonic diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: A review of 16 cases
Authors: Ruiz R. , Teyssou H. , Fernandez N. , Carrez J. P. , Gortchakoff M. , Manteau G. , Ter‐Davtian P. M. , Tessier J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonographic findings in 16 patients (10 women, six men) with surgically documented gallbladder carcinoma are reported. Two principal forms are described: localized infiltrating, or fungating, tumors (eight patients) and diffuse tumors infiltrating the entire gallbladder wall (eight patients). In all cases, the tumors were adenocarcinomas. Eleven patients also had cholelithiasis. Contiguous extension and metastasis did not correlate with tumor size. The difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis are discussed in relation to the different sonographic appearances.
Ovarian imaging by ultrasound: An attempt to define a reference plane
Authors: Hackelöer B.‐J. , Nitschke‐Dabelstein S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of ultrasound to study ovarian function was established by our group. Ultrasound measurements of follicular diameters were found to be helpful for assessing follicular growth and development and for diagnosing and treating infertile women. Because of difficulties in ovarian visualization (differentiation between a more lateral part of the uterus and the ovary), the definition of a reference plane is necessary, especially to make this new technique reproducible. On the basis of the anatomic situation, we believe that it is possible to demonstrate ovarian vessels within the infundibulopelvic ligament. Using a compound scanner and a combined method of B mode, A mode, and TM mode, it should be possible to demonstrate such structures, and they should be useful as a reference plane. Our observations were confirmed in more than 2,500 examinations.
Comparison of abdominal circumference measurements by real‐time and b‐scan techniques
Authors: Clement Daniel , Silverman Rosamund , Scott David , Hobbins John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an effort to evaluate the efficacy of measuring abdominal circumference with real‐time ultrasound, 53 patients were scanned with both contact scanning and linear array real time. Image measurements were made blindly from both types of equipment. Abdominal circumference measurements with real time compared favorably with those obtained from contact images (r = +0.984).
Sonographic features of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Kaftori Joseph K. , Aharon Menucha , Kleinhaus Uriel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive cases of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma were studied by ultrasound. Sonographic features of a huge mass with a thick echogenic rim and central sonolucent cavitation were seen in four cases with presenting symptoms of an abdominal mass. In a fifth case necrotic metastasis was seen in the liver after removal of a leiomyosarcoma. Although not pathognomonic, such features should strongly suggest the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
Registration errors in compound b‐scans
Authors: Goldstein Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of B‐scanner articulated arm angle measurement errors on B‐mode registration is considered. For a single‐angle articulated arm model, a mathematical equation predicting B‐mode misregistration as a function of angular errors and compound scan angle is derived and discussed. This model accurately predicts registration errors for transducer connector/acoustic axis misalignment or third arm angle errors.
Aortic and lower extremity arterial aneurysms
Authors: Hirsch Jack H. , Thiele Brian L. , Carter Stephen S. , Colacurcio Cheryl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA sonographic survey of 100 patients with suspected abdominal aortic, femoral, or popliteal arterial aneurysms was conducted over a period of 2 yr. Patients referred for suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms had a low incidence of associated lower extremity arterial aneurysms. Those patients referred for possible femoral or popliteal artery aneurysms frequently had multiple other peripheral arterial aneurysms. The authors recommend a survey scanning protocal in this subgroup with lower extremity aneurysms to rule out the presence of other aneurysms.
Ultrasonic determination of hepatomegaly
Authors: Gosink Barbara B. , Leymaster Craig E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRetrospective evaluation of abdominal ultrasound examinations were made in 36 patients who came to autopsy within 1 month after the ultrasound study. Without knowledge of clinical or autopsy data, two observers made independent determinations of the midhepatic line measurement of the liver on the ultrasound study using supine and left lateral decubitus longitudinal scans. Autopsy determination of hepatomegaly was made using hepatic weight, patient's total body weight, and patient age correlated with pertinent clinical history. Results of the autopsy/ultrasound correlation demonstrated that those livers measuring 13.0 cm or less in the midhepatic line (both supine and left lateral decubitus positions) were normal in 93% of the cases. Similarly, it was demonstrated that when the liver measured 15.5 cm or greater, it was enlarged in 75% of the cases. Used together, these two criteria result in an 87% accuracy rate in determining the presence or absence of hepatomegaly. Approximately 25% of the cases in our study fell into the borderline category of 13.0–15.5 cm.
Comparison of methods for determining crown‐rump measurement by real‐time ultrasound
Authors: Nelson Lewis H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetermination of gestational age without an accurate last menstrual period is difficult. In the later stages of pregnancy, the correlation between fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), as determined by ultrasound, and gestational age is compromised by normal biologic variation in fetal growth rates. The fetal crown‐rump measurement (CRM) by gray‐scale sonography has been described but has not been evaluated using real‐time ultrasound. Currently available tables for determining gestational age from the fetal CRM were evaluated using a linear array real‐time ultrasound system. A normal obstetric population with known menstrual histories, delivery dates, and Dubowitz scores at delivery was used for evaluation. On the basis of this study, Robinson's data listed as “regression analysis values” are suggested for application to real‐time ultrasound. Alternatively, the equation generated from data on the above 86 patients could be used and further evaluated. The fetal CRM appears to be a valid and accurate assessment of gestational age.
Distal common bile duct obstruction: An experimental study in monkeys
Authors: Shawker Thomas H. , Jones Bonnie L. , Girton Mary E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiliary obstruction was accomplished by surgically occluding the distal common bile duct in seven rhesus monkeys. Ultrasound scanning at 24‐hour intervals showed that dilation of the common bile duct and gallbladder occurred before elevation of bilirubin or development of jaundice. The bile ducts expanded centrifugally from the obstructing point, with dilation of the intrahepatic ducts occurring several days after the onset of obstruction. After surgical release of the obstruction, the biliary ducts contracted centripetally, with the common bile duct requiring 30–50 days to return to normal size.
Range ambiguities in real‐time ultrasound
Authors: Goldstein Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of low‐level artifactual echoes in normally echo‐free areas of real‐time images is shown to be due to a range‐ambiguity effect caused by the fast frame rate of real‐time equipment. The experimental data demonstrates the range‐ambiguous echoes to be present in linear array and mechanical sector scanner real‐time images. Several suggestions are made to reduce the effect of the artifact in real‐time images. A set of real‐time acceptance tests that utilize this artifact are proposed.
Mitral valve A wave and mitral stenosis
Authors: Dabestani Ali , Skorton David J. , Child John S. , Krivokapich Janine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined M‐mode echocardiograms on 35 patients with catheterization‐proven mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm to determine whether the presence or absence of an A wave on the mitral echogram predicted mild versus severe mitral stenosis. Mitral valve area (MVA) was determined by the Gorlin formula. Presence of a mitral A wave was defined as 2 mm or greater anterior motion (after a well‐defined F point) of the anterior mitral leaflet. In six of 35 patients, the presence of an A wave was equivocal. Of the remaining 29 patients, 16 had no A wave and mean MVA = 1.18 cm2 ± 0.45 (SD), and 13 patients had a definite A wave and mean MVA = 2.04 cm2 ± 0.71. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the mean MVA for patients with and without definite A waves. No patients with a definite A wave had an MVA less than 1.2 cm2. An A wave on the mitral echogram (in sinus rhythm) excludes severe mitral stenosis; when an A wave is not seen, no definite statement concerning severity of mitral stenosis can be made.
Placenta previa: Avoiding false‐negative diagnoses
Authors: Laing Faye C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 102 patients with clinically suspected placenta previa revealed that ten women (10%) were correctly diagnosed as having placenta previa, while two women (2%) had false‐positive diagnoses. Three of the ten women who were correctly diagnosed as having placenta previa had scans that could easily have been misinterpreted as normal. Because a false‐negative diagnosis of placenta previa is clinically much more serious than a false‐positive diagnosis, these cases are elaborated upon. Recognition of a laterally positioned placenta previa and observation of blood in the region of the internal cervical os should minimize false‐negative diagnostic errors.
Molar pregnancy: Early diagnosis by ultrasound
Authors: Wittmann Bernd K. , Fulton Lorna , Cooperberg Peter L. , Lyons Edward A. , Miller Carol , Shaw Dorothy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report reviews four cases with vaginal bleeding and early ultrasound diagnosis of abnormal pregnancy before nine weeks gestation, who were followed by serial ultrasound examinations and subsequently diagnosed as hydatidiform mole. The findings support the view that hydatidiform mole may arise from a blighted ovum. It is concluded that vaginal bleeding in the first trimester should be investigated by diagnostic ultrasound, and the pregnancy be terminated if an abnormal development has been confirmed.
Three‐dimensional echocardiography for spatial visualization and volume calculation of cardiac structures
Authors: Matsumoto Masayuki , Inoue Michitoshi , Tamura Shinichi , Tanaka Kokichi , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new computerized image processing system was developed and applied clinically for three‐dimensional visualization and volume calculation of cardiac structures, which were recorded in more than seven original two‐dimensional echocardiograms in parallel planes. Three‐dimensional display of this series of original two‐dimensional echocardiograms was performed automatically using an overlaid display with different gray levels designating depths. The limitation of the present study was in the recording of original two‐dimensional echocardiograms in parallel planes.
Ultrasonic effects on mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids
Authors: Conger Alan D. , Ziskin Marvin C. , Wittels Heidi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMammalian multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS), grown in liquid culture medium, 0.23 to 0.32 mm in diameter and consisting of 4,500 to 12,100 cells, were exposed to three ultrasonic machines: a clinical diagnostic device with an emitted intensity of 13 mW/cm2, a therapeutic machine with emitted intensities of 1 to 3.5 W/cm2, and a laboratory machine emitting 12 to 50 W/cm2. (All intensities are temporal and spatial average.) Four measures of ultrasonic effect on MTS were made: decrease in diameter after treatment, damage to subsequent growth, outright kill, and number of cells detached from the MTS. There was no loss in MTS size from diagnostic or therapeutic exposures. None of the exposures from any of the three machines caused any damage to subsequent growth or survival. There was no significant detachment of cells from the MTS by any of the diagnostic exposures (at 13 mW/cm2, out to 40 minutes). With the laboratory machine, a significant number of cells were detached, about 0.02% of the MTS (approximately one cell per MTS) per W/cm2 in a ten‐minute exposure. Cells detached by therapeutic exposure increased linearly with exposure. On the average, 1 W/cm2 detaches about 0.5 cells per minute, per MTS, or about 0.006% of the cells in the MTS.
Prediction of intrauterine growth retardation by sonographic estimation of total intrauterine volume
Authors: Chinn Daryl H. , Filly Roy A. , Callen Peter W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA group of 252 patients who had total intrauterine volume (TIUV) measurements after 20 weeks menstrual age were evaluated for prediction of growth retardation. The measurements were compared to previously published normal values derived at our institution. The birth weights of these patients' babies were evaluated by the California standard. Setting the threshold of an abnormal test at the lower 10% tolerance limit, the TIUV measurement was sensitive in 70%, specific in 72%, and accurate in predicting IUGR in only 41% of cases. Ultrasonic estimation of TIUV is limited as a predictor of IUGR.
Medical implications of ultrasonically detected polycystic ovaries
Authors: Swanson Mark , Sauerbrei Eric E. , Cooperberg Peter L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolycystic ovaries are usually manifest on an ultrasound study as symmetrically enlarged ovaries containing numerous tiny cysts. The cysts are difficult to detect with conventional contact B‐scanners but are readily detected with high‐resolution, real‐time sector scanners. The cysts range in diameter from 2 to 6 mm and may be arranged inthe periphery of an ovary or throughout the parenchyma.In patients with ultrasonically demonstrated polycystic ovaries (aged 15 to 35 years), there is a spectrum of clinical findings. Halfthe patients have most of the classic signs and symptoms (hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and obesity) associated with Stein‐Leventhal syndrome. Twenty‐five percent have variants of the syndrome. In another 25%, no clinical abnormality is evident at the time of an ultrasound examination.
Ultrasonic anatomy of the fluid‐filled duodenum
Authors: Oliva Luigi , Biggi Enrico , Derchi Lorenzo E. , Cicio Gian Rosario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA fluid‐filled duodenum in ultrasonic studies of the epigastrium, which is manifest when the pancreas is scanned using the liquid‐filled stomach technique, can give rise to images that can cause confusion. We describe the ultrasonic appearances of different parts of the duodenum after ingestion of fluid in 12 healthy persons, pointing out criteria that can be useful for correct identification of this organ.
Echogenicity caused by stable microbubbles in a protein‐lipid emulsion
Authors: Davis Peter L. , Filly Roy A. , Goerke Jon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome investigators have hypothesized that the echogenicity of natural emulsions is due to protein‐lipid interfaces. An in vitro investigation of these phenomena indicates that the observed echoes are the result of entrapped microbubbles that can remain relativelystable in certain naturally occurring products, such as buttermilk.
Relationship between the pericardial and pleural spaces in cross‐sectional imaging
Authors: Lewandowski Bernard J. , Jaffer Nasir M. , Winsberg Fred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty patients, including 15 with large pericardial effusions, five with large left pleural effusions, and nine with both, were studied prospectively with two‐dimensional echocardiography to verify the relation of percardial effusions and posterior paramediastinal pleural effusions to the descending thoracic aorta. It was found that large pericardial effusions lie anterior to the descending aorta both at the level of the left atrium and the left ventricle, whereas large posterior paramediastinal pleural effusions lie posterior, lateral, or posterolateral to the descending aorta. A retrospective study of 148 M‐mode echocardiograms showed similar findings; but the descending thoracic aorta was less reliably identified, and the lateral position of pleural effusions with respect to the aorta could not be evaluated.
Ultrasonic evaluation of therapeutic response in tumors: Its value and implications
Authors: Paling Michael R. , Shawker Thomas H. , Dwyer Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNot only may ultrasound demonstrate the presence of a tumor mass at various sites in the abdomen, but it may also be useful in measuring the size of the mass. The rate of tumor growth or regression was followed by ultrasound in 28 patients with ovarian carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy. The ability of ultrasound to make precise measurements of tumor size is discussed, and the value of these measurements is explored. This quantification may be valuable in the assessment of therapeutic response in pelvic cancer, and the technique may be applicable to other intra‐abdominal mass lesions.
B‐scan echo‐amplitude measurement in patients with diffuse infiltrative liver disease
Authors: Shawker Thomas H. , Moran Beckie , Linzer Melvin , Parks Stephen I. , James Stephen P. , Stromeyer F. Wayne , Barranger John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractB‐scan echo‐amplitude measurements of the liver were recorded in a prospective clinical trial involving 56 persons—28 normal volunteers and 28 patients with Gaucher disease. The nonspecular liver parenchymal echoes were found to be abnormally elevated in Gaucher patients despite relatively normal liver biochemical values and absence of symptomatic liver disease. Echo amplitude corresponded directly to the amount and histologic distribution of abnormal glycolipid accumulation within the liver. The highest abnormal values were recorded when there was clumping of the glycolipid cells, producing discontinuities within the range of ultrasound resolution. B‐scan echo‐amplitude measurements accurately represent the degree of histologic abnormality in Gaucher patients, suggesting that this technique should be useful for monitoring enzyme replacement therapy.
Sonographic measurement of lateral ventricular width in early ventricular dilation
Authors: Fiske Charles E. , Filly Roy A. , Callen Peter W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCerebral real‐time ultrasound examinations from 35 high‐risk premature newborn infants and 25 normal‐term infants were reviewed for early signs of ventricular dilation. Measurements of the midbody lateral wall of the lateral ventricle to falx distance and ratio of this distance to the hemispheric width were obtained. Midbody lateral ventricular widths were also measured. Results indicate that displacement of the medial wall of the body of the lateral ventricle toward the midline is an earlier sign of ventricular dilation than is displacement of the lateral wall away from the midline.