bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Through the Crack of the Time Bind: From Market Management to Family Management
Authors: Hochschild Arlie Russell 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHow workers handle the time bind (their temporal strategies) affects how open they are to market understandings of life at home. Some workers passively submit to the time bind (the “endurer”) while others actively resist it (the “resisters”). Still others actively accept the time bind (the “deferrer,” the “busy bee,” and the “delegator”) and so welcome any tips on office efficiency that might apply to the home. “Family 360,” a family consulting service, illustrates how a professional service can operationalize at home metaphors, idioms and concepts drawn from the market world. Constant busyness is, I suggest, the current “opiate of the masses,” which can block from view the cultural fissures through which market instrumentality and emotional detachment sometimes seep into life at home.
The Promises and the Challenges of Social Movement Unionism
Authors: Cowles Spencer L. 
Published: December 2007

The Voice of Southern Labor: Radio, Music, and Textile Strikes, 1929–1934. Vincent J. Roscigno and William F. Danaher. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004.Reorganizing the Rust Belt: An Inside Study of the American Labor Movement. Steven Henry Lopez. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004.Rebuilding Labor: Organizing and Organizers in the New Union Movement. Ruth Milkman and Kim Voss editors. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.
Effects of Water Temperature on Interspecific Competition between Juvenile Bull Trout and Brook Trout in an Artificial Stream
Authors: Rodtka Mike C. , Volpe John P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus is influenced by a number of factors, including the presence of nonnative brook trout S. fontinalis, and populations are in decline across the native range. Where sympatric, bull trout are more likely to persist in higher‐elevation, cooler streams. To test the hypothesis that competition between juveniles of these species is independent of water temperature, behavioral observations were made of each species in artificial streams. Two temperature (8°C and 15°C) and three density (4.1, 8.2, and 4.1 fish of each species/m2) treatments were used. The results support the contention that bull trout are competitively disadvantaged in warmer water. In warm water, bull trout significantly increased intraspecific agonism. Temperature and density did not influence intraspecific brook trout behavior; however, brook trout tended to increase interspecific agonism in warm water. In mixed‐species treatments, brook trout agonism was positively associated with foraging rate at both temperatures, but the trend was weak for bull trout in the warmwater treatment and was reversed in the coldwater treatment. Although fish growth was variable and primarily negative, within temperature treatments the per capita bull trout weight loss consistently increased they were competing with brook trout and was greatest overall at 15°C. Intraspecific competition had the largest effect on brook trout growth in warm water; intraspecific and interspecific effects on brook trout growth were comparable at 8°C. If these condition‐specific behavioral responses occur in natural streams, juvenile bull trout may be disadvantaged when competing with brook trout in warmer waters.
Use of Techniques from Foraging Theory to Quantify the Cost of Predation for Benthic Fishes
Authors: Polivka Karl M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractField assays of survival and foraging behavior were used to estimate the energetic cost of predation risk in terms of reduced prey consumption for two freshwater benthic cottid fishes that (1) opportunistically exploit high resource availability, particularly during their early life history, and (2) compete for resources at the patch scale in estuaries. Both species' spatial occurrence tended to reflect avoidance of a larger marine predatory cottid, the Pacific staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus, but the predator overlapped more with prickly sculpin Cottus asper than with coastrange sculpin C. aleuticus. Survival of coastrange sculpin was reduced more than threefold in experimental assays that exposed juveniles to predation risk, which was statistically consistent with the principle of mortality‐to‐growth ratio (μ/g) minimization. A subsequent experiment measured foraging on depletable food patches during exposure to the threat of predation risk (from an enclosed predator that was prevented from causing lethal effects); juvenile and adult coastrange sculpin reduced their foraging effort 20‐30% relative to a predator‐free situation. Examining the foraging cost of predation for both coastrange sculpin and prickly sculpin yielded ambiguous results regarding the partitioning of resources and predator avoidance. Adults of each species differed in their responses to predation risk, but the juvenile comparison was complicated by variable resource densities (marine invertebrates) for each species.
Reproductive Ecology of Slimy Sculpin in Small New Brunswick Streams
Authors: Keeler Rachel A. , Cunjak Richard A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe male slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus guards a nest rock and provides parental care for the offspring of one or more females, which deposit all their eggs into the male's nest. The purpose of our research was to determine the timing of nest acquisition, spawning, and hatching and to describe biological (number of eggs) and physical characteristics of the nest. In total, we monitored 77 nests during the 2004 spawning period (April‐June). Females' egg masses contained an average of 106 eggs. Males guarded an average of 239 eggs; most guarded two or three females' egg masses. Most males (60%) began guarding nests in early May, about a week before egg deposition, and left the nest by the end of June. Males tended to use cobble in shallow water as nests. These findings suggest that slimy sculpin may be sensitive to changes in natural flow conditions during their reproductive period.
Movement Patterns of Japanese Fluvial SculpinCottus polluxin a Headwater Stream
Authors: Natsumeda Takaharu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMovements of the Japanese fluvial sculpinCottus polluxwere studied over a 2‐year period using a mark‐recapture technique in two reaches (100 and 300 m) of a small, temperate stream system, the Fujii River, Japan. Of 321 recaptures, 62 fish (19.3%) moved across at least one riffle (i.e., were “mobile”). Fish moved distances of up to 192 m (median = 4 m). Distance moved (m) by all fish correlated positively with the recapture interval (d) in both years, illustrating the importance of the temporal dimension for movements. Mean daily distance moved (m/d) in the high‐flow year was greater than that in the low‐flow year. The high‐flow year, which had a higher frequency of peak flow events, had a higher frequency of mobile fish than did the low‐flow year, suggesting that interannual variation in movements is related to streamflow. Fish size and growth did not differ between mobile fish and residents in the high‐flow year; however, mobile fish were larger and grew more slowly than residents in the low‐flow year. Patterns of movement from multiple recaptures showed evidence for round‐trip movements at channel unit and reach scales, but no fish completed round‐trip movements by crossing a small weir (<0.5 m in height). These results emphasize the importance of maintaining fish passage and pool‐riffle sequences throughout the stream course to prevent isolation of subpopulations by weirs, culverts, and road crossings. Physical barriers to Japanese fluvial sculpin movements could be mitigated by placing a ramp of cobbles downstream of the barriers.
Anthropogenic Impacts on American Eel Demographics in Hudson River Tributaries, New York
Authors: Machut Leonard S. , Limburg Karin E. , Schmidt Robert E. , Dittman Dawn 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPopulations of American eel Anguilla rostrata along the eastern coast of North America have declined drastically for largely unknown reasons. We examined the population dynamics of American eels in six tributaries of the Hudson River, New York, to quantify their distribution and the impacts of anthropogenic stressors. With up to 155 American eels per 100 m2, tributary densities are greater than those within the main stem of the Hudson River and are among the highest reported anywhere. The predominance of small American eels (<200 mm) and wide range of ages (from young‐of‐year glass eels to 24‐year‐old yellow eels) suggest that tributaries are an important nursery area for immature American eels. However, upstream of natural and artificial barriers, American eel densities were reduced by at least a factor of 10 and condition, as measured by mass, was significantly lower. Significantly lower American eel condition was also found with increasing riparian urbanization. Density‐dependent growth limitations below barriers are suggested by increased growth rates above the first tributary barrier. We suggest that (1) tributaries are important habitat for the conservation of American eels and (2) mitigation of anthropogenic stressors is vital for complete utilization of available habitat and conservation of the species.
Relationships between a Fish Index of Biotic Integrity and Mean Length and Density of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Wisconsin Streams
Authors: Griffin Joanna D. Tober , Fayram Andrew H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and introduced brown trout Salmo trutta support important recreational fisheries in Wisconsin, and coldwater index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores are often used to determine the quality of stream environments for these trout. To successfully manage biotic communities and fish populations, it is important to understand the relationships among metrics of interest. We quantified the relationships among the catch per linear meter (CPE) of brook trout and brown trout, their mean total lengths, and the coldwater fish IBI scores in second‐order and third‐order streams in Wisconsin. Brook trout CPE increased as coldwater IBI score increased, but there was no significant relationship between brown trout CPE and IBI score. The mean length of brown trout decreased as coldwater IBI score increased; the mean length of brook trout and IBI score were not significantly related. The mean lengths of both brook and brown trout decreased with increasing CPE. Balancing the management of trout density, length, and biotic integrity may be difficult in wadeable streams in Wisconsin. Our findings suggest that the increased abundance of brook trout is compatible with high IBI scores but that the increased abundance of brown trout and greater mean lengths are not.
Freshwater Sculpins: Phylogenetics to Ecology
Authors: Adams Susan B. , Schmetterling David A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFreshwater sculpins (Cottidae) are a diverse and ecologically important component of cool‐ and coldwater ecosystems throughout the northern hemisphere. More than 60 sculpin species occur in a variety of habitats, and sculpin distributions range from highly localized to widespread. Despite the frequently high biomass of sculpins and their numerous ecosystem functions, the traditional fisheries management emphasis on sport fishes has led to a general neglect of small‐bodied, nongame fishes, such as sculpins, in both research and management. Ironically, in many coldwater ecosystems, salmonids are used as umbrella species to conserve and protect all aquatic vertebrates; however, many management and conservation goals may be better met by focusing on sculpins. This module arose from a symposium entitled “Ecology and Phylogeny of Freshwater and Diadromous Sculpin,” which was held at the 2005 annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society in Anchorage, Alaska, and which brought together researchers studying sculpins from diverse perspectives. The objectives of this special module are to (1) publish a wealth of recent research on sculpins in one place to highlight the various scales at which sculpin research can be informative and useful, (2) stimulate interest in sculpins as targets of research and conservation, and (3) illustrate some conservation needs and management uses of sculpins that are unique from those of salmonids and other sport fishes. The papers in this module cover a range of topics, including phylogenetics of a species complex, tests of behavioral theories, and characteristics of sculpin movements, foraging, and reproduction. Together, these papers illustrate the importance of sculpins to a variety of fish communities and their usefulness in addressing theoretical questions and management objectives.
What Causes Variability in Pink Salmon Family Size?
Authors: Geiger Harold J. , Wang Ivan , Malecha Pat , Hebert Kyle , Smoker William W. , Gharrett Anthony J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo study family‐specific variation in the survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, we partitioned family size into four life history divisions: (1) maternal fecundity, (2) deposition of fertilized eggs and egg loss from the redd, (3) freshwater survival (and male potency), and (4) marine survival. We directly measured the variability in fecundity and then measured the family‐specific variability of freshwater survival in several Alaskan hatchery populations. Next, we measured freshwater survival in spatially clustered groups of wild pink salmon (not identified to a specific dam or sire) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Drawing on estimates of the family‐specific variation of marine survival in pink salmon from previous studies, we concluded that family‐specific egg deposition processes and family‐specific variability in the marine environment were the primary sources of the overall variability in pink salmon family size, at least in the populations studied. We hypothesize that the freshwater environment generally induces lower variability in family size than does the marine environment. If this is so, it appears that pink salmon populations are more finely adapted to the freshwater environment, presumably because this environment is more constant. Finally, we speculate that the marine environment is too unpredictable to permit the same level of adaptation of many traits closely linked to marine survival.
Fluid inclusion microthermometry and rare earth element distribution in the celestites of the Jebel Doghra ore deposit (Dome Zone, northern Tunisia): towards a new genetic model
Authors: Souissi Fouad , Sassi Radhia , Dandurand Jean-Louis , Bouhlel Salah , Ben Hamda Sami 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe celestite ore of Jebel Doghra occurs as stratabound deposits within the cap-rock of a diapiric structure of Triassic salt-rocks. The celestite deposits result mainly from the late diagenetic to epigenetic replacement of the carbonated host-rocks giving rise to a dolomite-celestite “banded ore”. Celestite is locally observed within fractures. This study proposes a new genetic model based on fluid inclusion (FI) microthermometry and REE geochemistry. FI show that celestite, occurring either as stratabound bodies or lodes, was deposited from a highly saline (20.7 ± 1.3 wt%NaCl equivalents) and warm (174 ± 3oC) basinal fluid, which contains hydrocarbon droplets and CO2. The geochemistry of the REE shows that the deposition of celestite is due to the mixing between a deep-sourced fluid which has acquired high Sr concentrations by leaching feldspar-rich series in depth and a sulfate-rich solution associated with the Triassic evaporites.
Trilobite palaeobiodiversity during the Devonian in the Ardennes Massif
Authors: Crônier Catherine , van Viersen Allart 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTrilobite occurrences and biodiversity from Devonian sections of the Ardennes Massif are presented. Fluctuations in diversity reflect environmental changes and event-stratigraphic turnovers throughout the Devonian. Peak diversity is attained during the Eifelian (Middle Devonian) when the carbonate system is developed. Six trilobite associations have been delineated based on cluster analysis. Distribution of these associations is correlated with the deposition environments and age of the strata.
Permian and Triassic radiolarians from northern Tibet: correlation between radiolarian and conodont biozones
Authors: Feng Qinglai , Yang Zijiang , Crasquin Sylvie , Zhao Laishi , Li Xianyang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Thirty-five radiolarian species, belonging to two assemblages, one from the Changhsingian and the second one from the early Anisian, were recovered from siliceous rocks occurring in Xijirulan orogenic belt, northern Tibet. A new radiolarian species of them, Cryptostephanidium tibetensis, is described. The lower Anisian Eptingium nakasekoi assemblage co-occurs with conodonts belonging to Chiosella timorensis Zone. This fact allows correlation between radiolarian and conodont biozones. The lower Anisian radiolarian assemblage has a high diversity and supports that radiolarian radiation after the end-Permian mass extinction begins in the earliest Anisian. The research on the lithostratigraphic sequence and sedimentology shows that the old land of the Xijirulan orogenic belt, formed by the collision between the Qiangtang and Koh Xil terranes at the latest Early Permian, has disappeared in the early Changhsingian. During the Changhsingian and Triassic, the Xijirulan orogenic belt has become a deep marine basin and was combined with the Bayan Har Basin. This large deep sea basin extended until the end of the Triassic, locally possibly until the Jurassic.
A sinraptorid theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Phu Kradung Formation of northeastern Thailand
Authors: Buffetaut Eric , Suteethorn Varavudh 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A theropod tibia from the Phu Kradung Formation of Mukdahan Province, northeastern Thailand, is described and referred to the family Sinraptoridae, previously known only from the Jurassic of China (Xinjiang and Sichuan). This find confirms the affinities of the vertebrate assemblage from the Phu Kradung Formation with Late Jurassic faunas from China. The Late Jurassic age suggested by fossil vertebrates for the Phu Kradung Formation is not in good agreement with an attribution to the Early Cretaceous based on palynomorphs.
Oceanosuchus boecensis n. gen, n. sp., a marine pholidosaurid (Crocodylia, Mesosuchia) from the Lower Cenomanian of Normandy (western France)
Authors: Hua Stéphane , Buffetaut Eric , Legall Christophe , Rogron Patrick 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA partial crocodilian skeleton, including a well-preserved skull and mandible, from the marine Lower Cenomanian of Normandy (northwestern France) is described as a new genus and species of the family Pholidosauridae (Mesosuchia), Oceanosuchus boecensis. Diagnosis for genus and species: Mesorostrine pholidosaurid (rostral index 66% as compared with 74% for Terminonaris robusta and 75% for Sarcosuchus imperator, hitherto the least longirostrine species in that family), relatively short mandibular symphysis (11 post-symphysial alveoli), no external mandibular fenestra, prearticular present, paired tuberosities at the base of the cervical vertebral centra.
The ENPP1 K121Q Polymorphism Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations
Authors: McAteer Jarred B. , Prudente Sabrina , Bacci Simonetta , Lyon Helen N. , Hirschhorn Joel N. , Trischitta Vincenzo , Florez Jose C. ,   for the ENPP1 Consortium
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE—Functional studies suggest that the nonsynonymous K121Q polymorphism in the ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) may confer susceptibility to insulin resistance; genetic evidence on its effect on type 2 diabetes, however, has been conflicting. We therefore conducted a new meta-analysis that includes novel unpublished data from the ENPP1 Consortium and recent negative findings from large association studies to address the contribution of K121Q to type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—After a systematic review of the literature, we evaluated the effect of ENPP1 K121Q on diabetes risk under three genetic models using a random-effects approach. Our primary analysis consisted of 30 studies comprising 15,801 case and 26,241 control subjects. Due to considerable heterogeneity and large differences in allele frequencies across populations, we limited our meta-analysis to those of self-reported European descent and, when available, included BMI as a covariate.
RESULTS—We found a modest increase in risk of type 2 diabetes for QQ homozygotes in white populations (combined odds ratio [OR] 1.38 [95% CI 1.10–1.74], P = 0.005). There was no evidence of publication bias, but we noted significant residual heterogeneity among studies (P = 0.02). On meta-regression, 16% of the effect was accounted for by the mean BMI of control subjects. This association was stronger in studies in which control subjects were leaner but disappeared after adjustment for mean control BMI (combined OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.75–1.15], P = 0.50).
CONCLUSIONS—The ENPP1 Q121 variant increases risk of type 2 diabetes under a recessive model of inheritance in whites, an effect that appears to be modulated by BMI.
Effects on vegetation composition of a modified forest harvesting and propagation method compared with clear‐cutting, scarification and planting
Authors: Bergstedt Johan , Hagner Mats , Milberg Per 
Published: December 2007

Question: How does the vegetation of boreal forests respond to harvesting and scarification?Location: 650 m a.s.l., central Sweden (61°38’ N).Methods: The response of boreal forest vegetation to cutting and scarification was studied in a field trial, which consisted of three treatments plus conventional harvesting as a control in a complete block design with four replicates. The cutting was done 14 years prior to vegetation inventory and scarification and planting were conducted the first or second years after cutting.Results: The species most abundant at higher cutting intensities were crustose lichens, Cladonia spp., Cladina arbuscula, Polytrichum spp. and pioneer mosses, the grass Deschampsia flexuosa, and the tree Betula pubescens, A few species had substantially lower abundance in treatments with higher cutting intensity, notably Hylocomium splendens and Vaccinium myrtillus. Scarification had a strong effect that was different from the one created by cutting. In scarification treatments, Polytrichum spp. were the only species with high abundance; most species had low abundance, i.e. Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea, Pleurozium schreberi, Carex globularis, Empetrum nigrum, Cladina arbuscula, Sphagnum spp.Conclusions: Our results elaborate on the details of the well‐known effect of cutting on ground‐layer flora, and also give support for the profound and long‐lasting effect that soil scarification has on forest vegetation.