bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subspecies‐informative SNP assays for evaluating introgression between native golden trout and introduced rainbow trout
Authors: STEPHENS MOLLY R. , CLIPPERTON NEIL W. , MAY BERNIE 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe characterize 20 single nucleotide polymorphism assays for evaluating hybridization between native golden trout subspecies (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita and O. m. whitei) and introduced rainbow trout strains. These assays utilize the 5′‐nuclease reaction, facilitating high‐throughput genotyping of many individuals and making them useful in quantifying and monitoring introgression and potentially applicable to studies of other O. mykiss groups. Minor allele frequency differentials (δq) among native and introduced rainbow groups ranged from 0 to 1, with an average differential of 0.75 for both subspecies aguabonita and whitei relative to the hatchery rainbow trout strain.
Development of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the phytoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index, the vector of the grapevine fanleaf virus
Authors: VILLATE L. , ESMENJAUD D. , COEDEL S. , PLANTARD O. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report isolation, characterization and cross‐species amplification of nine microsatellite loci from the phytoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index, the vector of grapevine fanleaf virus. Levels of polymorphism were evaluated in 62 individuals from two X. index populations. The number of alleles varies between two and 10 depending on locus and population. Observed heterozygosity on loci across both populations varied from 0.32 to 0.857 (mean 0.545). The primers were tested for cross‐species amplification in three other species of phytoparasitic nematodes of the Xiphinema genus. These nine microsatellite loci constitute valuable markers for population genetics and phylogeographical studies of X. index.
Isolation of microsatellite loci from expressed sequence tag library of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: CHEN C. Q. , ZHENG W. M. , BUCHENAUER H. , HUANG L. L. , LU N. H. , KANG Z. S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe described twenty polymorphic microsatellite loci derived from the expressed sequence tags of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which causes yellow rust disease on wheat. The numbers of alleles range from two to six and eight microsatellite loci show significant similarities to known genes. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.12 to 0.78 and from 0.24 to 0.87, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of 19 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the Japanese brown frog (Rana japonica)
Authors: KOIZUMI NORIYUKI , WATABE KEIJI , MORI ATSUSHI , TAKEMURA TAKESHI 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of 19 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the Japanese brown frog (Rana japonica). These markers were tested in 24 individuals each collected from three distinct populations in Ichikai‐machi, Tochigi Prefecture. The number of observed alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 24 across all populations, and the values of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.130 to 1 and from 0.125 to 0.941, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be useful for investigating the intraspecific genetic variation and population structure of this species.
Isolation of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for a species with a large genome size: sharp‐ribbed salamander (Pleurodeles waltl)
Authors: VAN DE VLIET MIRJAM S. , DIEKMANN ONNO E. , SERRÃO ESTER A. , BEJA PEDRO 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFourteen highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed and characterized for the sharp‐ribbed salamander, Pleurodeles waltl. Isolating microsatellites with more than 12 single repeat type units was only successful for a tetranucleotide repeat (ATAG). Compared to microsatellite libraries constructed simultaneously for two anuran amphibian species, a greater number of primer pairs designed for P. waltl had to be discarded, due to consistent amplification problems. Low amplification success rate for P. waltl may be due to its larger genome size. Consequently, to avoid nonspecific binding and to increase amplification success, polymerase chain reaction programmes with touchdown cycles were used. For 14 microsatellite markers, amplification was successful and consistent with number of alleles and expected heterozygosity ranging from seven to 22 and from 0.79 to 0.94, respectively. All 14 microsatellite markers will be extremely useful for metapopulation studies of this unique amphibian species.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: DUTTON PETER H. , FREY AMY 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 12 microsatellite loci from the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), including one dinucleotide, four trinucleotide and seven tetranucleotide loci. The primers were tested on 78 individuals from a Pacific population nesting in the Hawaiian Islands. The primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 8.33 alleles per locus (range of 3–15 alleles), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.668 (range 0.309–0.910), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.647 (range 0.287–0.894).
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Miho spine loach (Iksookimia choii) and cross‐species amplification within the Cobitidae family
Authors: BANG IN‐CHUL , KIM WOO‐JIN , LEE IL‐RO 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Miho spine loach (Iksookimia choii) is an endangered freshwater fish endemic to Korea. To aid a conservation programme for this species, 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in 67 individuals from three populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 33. Within populations, the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.59 to 1.00 and from 0.56 to 0.96, respectively, indicating its usefulness in population genetics studies. Cross‐species amplification of the loci was tested in six species of the family Cobitidae, and 18 loci were amplified in two or more related species.
Development and characterization of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Tibet endemic fish Glyptosternum maculatum
Authors: GUO B. Y. , XIE C. X. , SHAN L. , ZHANG Y. , WANG H. L. , XIONG D. M. , LIU H. P. , JI Q. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSixteen novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized in Glyptosternum maculatum, an endemic fish inhabiting the Yarlung Zangbo River valley, Tibet, China. These loci were developed after the enrichment of microsatellite‐containing genomic DNA fragments with a subtractive hybridization protocol. The polymorphism of these loci was analysed with 36 individuals representing a geographical population. The number of alleles found at these loci ranged from 3 to 10. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 1 and from 0.31 to 0.75, respectively. These microsatellite loci will certainly facilitate the determination of the genetic structure of G. maculatum and the conservation of its genetic resource.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, and other mephitids
Authors: DRAGOO JERRY W. , COAN KATHRYN E. , MOORE KRISTIN A. , HENKE SCOTT E. , FLEISCHER ROBERT C. , WISELY SAMANTHA M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci primers developed for striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), a widespread mesocarnivore in North America. Numbers of alleles in these loci ranged from seven to 14 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.76 to 1.0. These primers will be useful for studying population dynamics of skunks where rabies is endemic and will be useful to estimate genetic relatedness among females sharing winter dens. Most of these primers amplify across species within the Mephitidae.
Molecular methods for arthropod bloodmeal identification and applications to ecological and vector‐borne disease studies
Authors: KENT REBEKAH J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDNA‐based methods have greatly enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of hematophagous arthropod bloodmeal identification. A variety of methods have been applied to study the blood‐feeding behaviour of mosquitoes, ticks, black flies and other blood‐feeding arthropods as it relates to host–parasite interactions and pathogen transmission. Overviews of the molecular techniques used for bloodmeal identification, their advantages, disadvantages and applications are presented for DNA sequencing, group‐specific polymerase chain reaction primers, restriction fragment length polymorphism, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, heteroduplex analysis, reverse line‐blot hybridization and DNA profiling. Technical challenges to bloodmeal identification including digestion and analysis of mixed bloodmeals are discussed. Analysis of bloodmeal identification results remains a challenge to the field, particularly with regard to incorporation of vertebrate census and ecology data. Future research directions for molecular analysis of arthropod bloodmeals are proposed.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), and cross‐species amplification within the family Coccinellidae
Authors: LOISEAU ANNE , MALAUSA THIBAUT , LOMBAERT ERIC , MARTIN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , ESTOUP ARNAUD 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA total of 18 microsatellite DNA loci were isolated and characterized from the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We optimized a multiplex panel consisting of two polymerase chain reactions, allowing the genotyping of all loci. The number of alleles and heterozygosity observed at each locus ranged from 1 to 12 and from 0 to 100%, respectively. After Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, none of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and there was no indication of significant linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. Successful cross‐species amplification was obtained for only three of the seven tested species of Coccinellidae.
Sphingolipid‐mediated restoration of Mitf expression and repigmentation in vivo in a mouse model of hair graying
Authors: Saha Bidisha , Singh Suman Kumar , Mallick Shampa , Bera Rabindranath , Datta Pijush K. , Mandal Mriganka , Roy Syamal , Bhadra Ranjan 
Published: January 2009

SummaryRecent advances in the identification and characterisation of stem cell populations has led to substantial interest in understanding the precise triggers that would operate to induce activation of quiescent stem cells. Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) reside in the bulge region of the hair follicles and are characterised by reduced expression of the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (Mitf) and its target genes implicated in differentiation. Vitiligo is characterised by progressive destruction of differentiated melanocytes. However, therapies using UV irradiation therapy can induce a degree of repigmentation, suggesting that MSCs may be activated. As Mitf is implicated in control of proliferation, we have explored the possibility that inducing Mitf expression via lipid‐mediated activation of the p38 stress‐signalling pathway may represent a re‐pigmentation strategy. Here we have isolated from placental extract a C18:0 sphingolipid able to induce Mitf and tyrosinase expression via activation of the p38 stress‐signalling pathway. Strikingly, in age‐onset gray‐haired C57BL/6J mice that exhibit decaying Mitf expression, topical application of placental sphingolipid leads to increased Mitf in follicular melanocytes and fresh dense black hair growth. The results raise the possibility that lipid‐mediated activation of the p38 pathway may represent a novel approach to an effective vitiligo therapy.
Canadian Narcotics Legislation, 1908–1923: A Conflict Model Interpretation
Authors: Cook Shirley J. 
Published: January 2009

La legislation canadienne sur les narcotiques s'est developpee en tant que processus politique et elle traduisit les differenciations d'alors dans l'exercice du pouvoir. L'analyse met en relief les positions de subordination et de superordination definies par la loi et les interets incompatibles des legislateurs et des deviants. Les donnees provenant du Hansard et d'autres sources complementaires durant les annees 1908–1923, mettent en lumiere comment les positions de classe, les croyances culturelles et I'hostilite interethnique ont accentue le contenu punitif de la legislation. Le processus politique, dans une culture differente, aurait peut‐etre produit une loi moins coercitive et moins repressive. De la meme maniere, la loi n'aurait peut‐etre pas ete mise en force avec tant de zele et d'energie dans un climat moral et politique different.Canadian narcotics legislation developed as a political process and reflected current power differentials. The analysis emphasizes the superordinate‐subordinate relationship defined by the law and the incompatible interests of the rule‐makers and deviants. The data from Hansard and elsewhere during the years 1908–1923 show how the stratification order, cultural beliefs and interracial hostility increased the punitive content of the legislation. The political process in a different culture and social structure might have produced a less coercive and repressive law. In a different political and moral climate the law might not have been enforced so energetically.
Effect of Benazepril on Survival and Cardiac Events in Dogs with Asymptomatic Mitral Valve Disease: A Retrospective Study of 141 Cases
Authors: Pouchelon J.‐L. , Jamet N. , Gouni V. , Tissier R. , Serres F. , Carlos Sampedrano C. , Castaignet M. , Lefebvre H. P. , Chetboul V. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) improve quality of life and extend the life span of dogs with naturally acquired ISACHC class II‐III congestive heart failure (CHF). However, their effects on asymptomatic heart disease remain controversial.Hypothesis:Benazepril (BNZ), an ACEI, could have beneficial effects at the asymptomatic stage of degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD).Animals:Dogs with ISACHC class Ia MVD and moderate‐to‐severe mitral regurgitation (MR) assessed by the color Doppler mapping technique at entry (Day 0) were retrospectively included.Methods:Dogs were assigned to the treated group (BNZ group) if they received BNZ (and no other cardiac medication) from Day 0 or to the untreated group (UT group) if they did not receive any cardioactive treatment until occurrence of CHF.Results:A total of 141 dogs were included in the study, 66 in the BNZ group (dosage: 0.30 ± 0.13 mg/kg) and 75 in the UT group. In the population (n = 93) including all breeds except Cavalier (CKC) and King Charles Spaniels (KC), median survival time to all causes of death in the BNZ group (n = 34, 3.3 years) was significantly longer than in the UT group (n = 59, 1.9 years) as was time to cardiac event (P< .05). Conversely, no effect of the BNZ treatment was observed in the CKC and KC population.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:BNZ had beneficial effects in asymptomatic dogs other than CKC and KC affected by MVD with moderate‐to‐severe MR. Breed distribution should be taken into account for interpretation of clinical trials performed in dogs with cardiac disease.
Association between Cough and Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Pulmonary Function in Horses Diagnosed with Inflammatory Airway Disease
Authors: Bedenice D. , Mazan M.R. , Hoffman A.M. 
Published: January 2009

Background:The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between chronic cough, pulmonary mechanical function, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness, and peripheral airway inflammation in adult performance horses with nonseptic inflammatory airway disease (IAD).Hypothesis:We hypothesized that horses with a presenting complaint of cough have a higher percentage of inflammatory cells on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), greater airway obstruction, and airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) than do horses without cough.Animals/Sample Population:Adult performance horses (n = 137) referred for evaluation of signs of IAD including cough or exercise intolerance (university hospital patients) and BAL samples (n = 142) taken in first opinion practice.Methods:A descriptive, retrospective cohort analysis was performed to evaluate the association between chronic cough and pulmonary mechanical function, AHR, BAL cytology, patient signalment, and comorbid features (multivariable logistic regression).Results:Cough was significantly more prevalent in horses >7 years, and best characterized by a high BAL neutrophil count (>5%) and nasal discharge. Lung function mechanics, abnormal thoracic auscultation, and exercise intolerance did not retain statistical significance in the logistical regression analysis of cough. Although AHR was not related to neutrophilic airway inflammation (BAL neutrophils >5%), it was significantly associated with BAL mast cells >2%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Our data support that neutrophilic airway inflammation may potentiate cough without further changing respiratory mechanical function in IAD. In contrast, mast cell release increased AHR without affecting the incidence of cough. Cough may be used as an indicator of neutrophilic airway inflammation in the presence of low‐grade nonseptic respiratory disease.
Plasma Clearance of Exogenous Creatinine, Exo‐Iohexol, and Endo‐Iohexol in Hyperthyroid Cats before and after Treatment with Radioiodine
Authors: Van Hoek I. , Lefebvre H.P. , Kooistra H.S. , Croubels S. , Binst D. , Peremans K. , Daminet S. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be measured by clearance methods of different markers showing discrepancies and different reproducibility in healthy cats. Studies comparing different methods of GFR measurement in hyperthyroid cats have not yet been performed.Hypothesis:Plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine (PECCT), exo‐iohexol (PexICT), and endo‐iohexol (PenICT) could lead to differences in GFR measurement and the need to use the same clearance method when comparing GFR before and after radioiodine treatment in hyperthyroid cats.Animals:Fifteen client‐owned hyperthyroid cats.Methods:GFR was measured 1 day before and 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment. Intravenous injection of iohexol was followed immediately by IV injection of creatinine. Plasma creatinine was measured by an enzymatic method. Plasma endo‐ and exo‐iohexol were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection.Results:Globally, the 3 GFR methods resulted in significantly different (P< .001) GFR results. GFR results among the different methods were the same (P= .999) at all time points. All 3 techniques indicated decreasing GFR after131I treatment. For each GFR technique, a significant decrease in GFR was observed between time point 0 and all other time points. This decrease stabilized 4 weeks after treatment, with very little decline afterward.Conclusion and Clinical Importance:It is mandatory to use the same GFR technique in follow‐up studies. GFR testing at 4 weeks posttreatment could allow assessment of the final renal functional loss after treatment in hyperthyroid cats.
Pulmonary Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Changes in Horses with RAO
Authors: Gehlen H. , Oey L. , Rohn K. , Bilzer T. , Stadler P. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Chronic pulmonary diseases (recurrent airway obstruction [RAO]) have been reported to alter skeletal muscle cells in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential relationship between pulmonary and muscle variables in horses with a clinical diagnosis of RAO. Muscle biopsies from healthy horses and from horses with RAO were investigated and the relationship between the severity of lung disease and the degree of muscular changes was determined.Hypothesis: We hypothesized that chronic pulmonary disease can lead to changes of the skeletal muscle in horses.Animals: Fifteen healthy horses (control) and 50 horses with RAO were examined.Methods: In a prospective clinical trial, a complete lung examination was performed in all horses. In all horses, muscle enzyme activity at rest and after exercise and muscle biopsies from the M. gluteus medius were examined.Results: None of the horses had clinical or histologic signs of primary or neurogenic myopathies. According to the clinical, endoscopic, and radiographic findings and with a scoring system, the horses with RAO were grouped according to the severity of pulmonary findings (15 horses mild, 24 horses moderate, 11 horses severe RAO). Pathologic changes of the skeletal muscle (fiber atrophy or fiber hypertrophy, myofibrillar degeneration, hyperplasia of mitochondria, and ragged‐red‐like fibers) were identified in most horses with RAO but in only a few individual control horses. In addition, a marked depletion of muscle glycogen storage was evident in the RAO horses but not in the control group. Other pathologic changes of skeletal muscle such as centralized nuclei and regenerating fibers were rare, but were more frequent in horses with lung diseases than in the control group. The degree of muscle cell changes was also graded with a scoring system and correlated with the severity of pulmonary disease (r= 0.55).Conclusion: Chronic pulmonary disease in horses is associated with structural changes in skeletal muscle.Clinical Importance: Because chronic pulmonary disease may affect muscles, early and effective therapy may prevent these changes. This finding could be of clinical importance but requires further studies.
Prevalence of the Myosin‐Binding Protein C Mutation in Maine Coon Cats
Authors: Fries R. , Heaney A.M. , Meurs K.M. 
Published: January 2009

Background: An autosomal dominant mutation has been identified in the myosin‐binding protein C (MYBPC3) gene of Maine Coon cats. This mutation changes a conserved amino acid and computationally alters the protein conformation of this gene in Maine Coon cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of this mutation is unknown.Objective: To determine the genetic prevalence of the MYBPC3 mutation in a large cohort of predominantly Maine Coon cats.Animals: Three thousand three hundred and ten DNA samples (blood or buccal swab) from cats.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the Veterinary Cardiac Genetics Laboratory database at Washington State University for samples submitted for evaluation of the Maine Coon MYBPC3 mutation. The data were analyzed with respect to the breed of cat, mutation status (negative, heterozygous, homozygous), and geographic origin of the submission.Results: In the population of cats studied, Maine Coon cats accounted for 100% of all cats positive for the mutation, and the worldwide percentage of Maine Coon cats carrying the MYBPC3 mutation was 34%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The prevalence of the mutation (heterozygous or homozygous) was very similar among countries of submission, suggesting that the 34% mutation rate of the tested samples is a reasonable estimate of the true prevalence of the mutation within the breed. Because of the high prevalence of this mutation, a breeding recommendation to eliminate all cats with the mutation could have a substantial impact on the gene pool. Additional studies are indicated to explore the relationship between genotype and clinical outcome in affected cats.