bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective vagotomy: A review of the anatomy and technique in 100 patients
Authors: Ruckley C V , Falconer C W A , Small W P , Smith A N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The anatomy, as demonstrated at operation, has been studied in a series of 100 selective vagotomies. The existence of a considerable number of variations was confirmed. In 33 per cent there was more than one large anterior trunk, but multiple posterior trunks were noted in only 5 per cent. Additional small nerves on the lower oesophagus were reported in 47 per cent of cases. Other variations are described. A technique for selective vagotomy is presented.
An evaluation of the use of stilboestrol and antibiotics in the early management of acute puerperal breast abscess
Authors: Benson E A , Goodman M A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and seventy-five cases of acute breast abscess treated surgically have been described. The supposed rationale for the early use of stilboestrol and antibiotics in this condition has been reviewed. Neither stilboestrol nor antibiotics confers any benefit with regard to rate of healing or recurrent abscess formation after incision. Whilst full evaluation of these drugs in breast abscess awaits a prospective trial, it is suggested that, in the case of stilboestrol, there are sufficient potential dangers to make its routine prescription undesirable, if not indefensible. In the case of antibiotics since no apparent benefit is conferred it might reasonably be concluded that administration is merely wasteful.
Filling of cervical and mediastinal nodes from the thoracic duct and the physiology of virchow's node—studies by lymphography
Authors: Negus D , Edwards J M , Kinmonth J B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Radiologic filling of supraclavicular nodes is normal and common (55 per cent of 92 pedal lympho-graphies). Supraclavicular nodes may fill without occlusion of the thoracic duct or of its termination.
A technique of pyloroplasty
Authors: Cassimally K A I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method of pyloroplasty has been described. It makes use of the classic Y-en-V plastic procedures. The technique is safe and simple. It adapts itself beautifully to this well-vascularized area.
The number of cases submitted to this trial is small. The time lapse since the trial began is equally short.
However, a number of possible advantages have been enumerated. The short-term results are very encouraging.
Highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure in the treatment of duodenal ulcer
Authors: Johnston David , Wilkinson Alan R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A consecutive series of 25 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer has been treated by highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure. The vagal fibres passing to the distal 5–7 cm. of the stomach—the nerves of Latarjet—were left intact, as were the hepatic and coeliac branches of the vagus. The object was to denervate only the parietal cell mass, while preserving normal gastric emptying and normal inhibition of gastric secretion from the antrum and duodenum. This operation should cure the ulcer as effectively as vagotomy with drainage does, and at lower cost in terms of side-effects such as dumping and diarrhoea.
The insulin test was negative in each case, suggesting that vagal denervation of the parietal cell mass was complete. Evidence provided by mucosal biopsies taken at operation does not fully support this view, however. Pentagastrin-stimulated acid output was reduced by 70 per cent, and pepsin output by 51 per cent, 3 months after operation. The volume of resting juice was halved and spontaneous acid output was reduced by 97 per cent at this time. Thus, highly selective vagotomy is as effective as truncal or bilateral selective vagotomy with drainage in reducing gastric acid output in the early months after operation.
There have been no deaths. With 2 exceptions, the patients appear to be doing well clinically and few complain of side-effects, but the period of follow-up is only from 3 to 11 months.
These results are encouraging. They suggest that a highly selective vagotomy, denervating the parietal cell mass but leaving the antrum innervated, may be all that is required to cure most patients who have a chronic duodenal ulcer.
Traumatic aneurysm of the first portion of the right vertebral artery
Authors: Adeloye Adelola , Ngu V Anomah , Odeku E Latunde 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of false aneurysm of the first portion of the right vertebral artery due to gunshot wound of the neck is described. The aneurysm was treated successfully by proximal and distal ligation and excision.
Popliteal artery occlusion associated with dislocation of the knee-joint. Report of a case with successful surgical repair
Authors: Eger M , Huler T , Hirsch M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The ninth case of successful surgical repair of popliteal artery injury associated with dislocation of the knee-joint is reported. Emphasis is placed on the limited time interval between injury and surgical intervention in order to achieve restoration of the circulation.
A new technique of antrectomy and gastroduodenal anastomosis associated with vagotomy in chronic duodenal ulcer. A report of 162 cases
Authors: Som Asita Lal 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The duodenal ulcers are classified. A new technique of antrectomy is described in detail. A modified right paramedian approach and division of the falciform ligament are suggested during vagotomy. The follow-up results of the operations are shown and compared with other standard operations.
Obstructive renal failure in bilharziasis
Authors: Dukes H M , Mynors J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The management is considered of 10 patients who presented in advanced uraemia due to ureteric strictures consequent upon schistosomal infestation, 4 of whom recovered.
In view of the length of ureter involved in the disease process it is highly probable that definitive by-pass of the obstruction will require a replacement procedure, such as an ileal loop.
It seems likely that improved survival rates will be obtained where energetic measures are pursued aimed at the support of the patient and early relief of the obstruction, even if this can only be performed under local anaesthesia owing to the condition of the patient.
A semi-automated technique for the isolation of live lymphocyte suspensions from peripheral blood
Authors: Gelsthorpe Keith , Doughty Robert W , Fox Miles 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A semi-automated method has been devised for the separation of viable human peripheral blood lymphocytes from standard units of donor blood. The tech- nique is based on the carbonyl iron method (Levine, 1956; Cassen, Hitt, and Hays, 1958), but using a continuous-flow system. Lymphocytes harvested by this technique have been used in the production of heterologous antilymphocytic serum (ALS).
Changes in blood-urea concentration after operation and their relation to the early diagnosis of acute renal failure
Authors: Bates C P , Pigott H W S , Stableforth P G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The blood-urea concentration was measured before and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after operation in 123 patients undergoing a range of major surgical procedures; the 24-hour urine volume and urine-urea concentration were also measured.
Radio-isotope scanning in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease
Authors: Charlesworth D , Testa H J , Pullan B R , Torrance Bruce 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of 117 pancreatic scans using selenomethionine 75 are presented in conjunction with a report on a series of experiments undertaken to investigate the metabolism of selenomethionine. The total plasma radioactivity and plasma protein-bound activity in bile were monitored within the period of time taken by a pancreatic scan. A further investigation was also undertaken in order to find out into which plasma protein selenomethionine became incorporated during this time. The result of these experiments are presented with a discussion on the clinical application of pancreatic scanning and the usefulness of prescan preparations of the patient.
Replacement of heart valves with autologous fascia lata. Surgical technique
Authors: Ionescu M I , Ross D N , Wooler G H , Deac R , Ray D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Autologous fascia lata graft valves attached on to a Dacron-covered titanium frame have been used since April, 1969, at the General Infirmary at Leeds and the National Heart Hospital and Guy's Hospital, London.
Seventy-seven such grafts have been inserted into 70 patients with very good immediate and short-term clinical and haemodynamic results. No systemic emboli have occurred although anticoagulants have not been used.
The technique of preparing supported autologous fascia lata grafts for clinical use is outlined in detail and the surgical implantation of these grafts into the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid areas is described.
Carpometacarpal osteo-arthritis of the thumb
Authors: Sims C D , Bentley G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty-three operations performed for the relief of painful carpometacarpal arthritis of the thumb between 1958 and 1966 at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, have been reviewed. The results of 6 arthrodeses of the carpometacarpal joint and 27 trapeziectomies are given. Both procedures gave relief of pain and restoration of function in the majority of patients. Power of grip was retained following arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint, but most patients who had weakness of grip after trapeziectomy had improved function due to pain relief. Fifty-four per cent of patients had arthritis of significant degree in the trapezioscaphoid joint as well as the carpometacarpal joint. The indications for arthrodesis and trapeziectomy are considered in the light of the radiological findings.
Massive renal adenoma associated with intestinal malabsorption
Authors: McBrien M P , Hyde R D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A 43-year-old woman with evidence of intestinal malabsorption and a renal tumour was found to have a 2220-g. renal adenoma which showed no evidence of malignancy despite its size and known duration. The association of a benign renal tumour with jejunal villous atrophy and intestinal malabsorption is discussed.
Prostatic abscess
Authors: Trapnell John , Roberts Michael 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Chitty (1957), reporting on prostatic abscess from the Bristol Department of Urology, suggested that the treatment of choice was transurethral resection of the entire gland. Over the 10 years since this initial report our experience has amply confirmed this view and a further series of 67 patients is now analysed. It would appear that there is no absolute means of establishing the diagnosis, either from the history or the clinical findings, and that even when the diagnosis is suspected it may only be confirmed by resection of the gland. The abscesses are not infrequently multiple and thus a simple saucerization of one cavity may leave further significant foci undiscovered. A full transurethral prostatectomy is therefore the treatment of choice. This policy of radical treatment by the transurethral route has been followed by minimal postoperative complications or recurrence.
The problems of traumatic skin loss of the lower limbs, especially when associated with skeletal injury
Authors: Saad M N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The problems relating to the management of traumatic skin loss of the lower extremity are discussed in Part I of this paper.
A short historical survey suggests that the two specialities of orthopaedic and plastic surgery should combine in the treatment of these injuries.
This is followed by some anatomical considerations which have practical application in reconstructive surgery of the lower limbs. Principles of treatment are laid down, with the intention that a normal and fully functional limb can be obtained by such combined treatment, provided there are no factors which limit reparative surgery.
The available methods of skin replacement and their application to different types of injuries are discussed.
In Part II, 135 compound fractures of the lower extremity are reviewed. These comprise 42 compound fractures of the small bones of the foot and 93 cases of compound fractures of the remainder of the large bones of the lower limb, including open knee- and ankle-joints.
The methods of analysis are mentioned and the results documented by a number of tables. The discussion which follows rationalizes a plan for management.
The occurrence of desmoids in patients with familial polyposis coli
Authors: McAdam W A F , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour cases of desmoid tumour are reported in conjunction with familial polyposis coli, and the salient clinical features of patients with this combination of conditions are examined in the literature and tabulated.Desmoids occur very rarely in the general population but they are comparatively common in people with familial polyposis, in whom they may be situated in the abdominal wall, within the abdomen, or occasionally in other sites remote from the abdomen. They may antedate the discovery of polyposis by months or years. Any patient who is found to have a desmoid should therefore be examined for polyposis coli.Intra-abdominal desmoids by virtue of their size and situation are often of serious significance to the patient, and their effects may belie the benign histological picture they present. Renal function may be impaired by pressure on the ureters, whilst surgical removal of the lesion, which is the principal method of treatment of desmoids, may be crippling to the patient or technically impossible. Radiotherapy seems to be of limited value in the management of these tumours.No mass occurring within the abdomen or in the abdominal wall after surgery for polyposis coli should be regarded as a recurrent adenocarcinoma until proved to be so by adequate biopsy.
Burns and carbon-monoxide poisoning
Authors: Pollard John A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the treatment of severe burns following fires in closed spaces, attention must also be directed to the possibility of severe carbon-monoxide poisoning and pulmonary burning.
Each of these conditions possesses a high mortality-rate of its own, although admission appearances may not indicate such.
An early active approach in management should be adopted despite the absence of overt clinical indications.
Delayed ileorectal anastomosis in the surgery of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Aylett Stanley O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of cases is reported in which, in spite of contrary advice, ileorectal anastomosis has been successfully achieved. Eighty-five per cent of these patients have returned to a normal life.
A plea is made for the retention of the rectum and restoration of continuity in most cases for which surgery is undertaken in ulcerative colitis.
The aetiology and management of branchial cysts
Authors: Paley W G , Keddie N C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical features and management of a series of branchial cysts are described in detail. The problem of branchial fistula is discussed. A discussion of the origin of branchial cysts is given. The conclusion from our series and other evidence in the literature is that they arise from branchial cleft rests.
Some observations on the behaviour of isolated and interposed jejunal and ileal segments in the rabbit
Authors: Jenkins David H R , Macleod Ian B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Segments of jejunum and distal ileum of varying lengths and different vascular supply were isolated and interposed iso- and antiperistaltically. Pressures proximal to the interposed segment were recorded with a fine, soft, open-tipped cathether introduced via a Mann-Bollman fistula. The distal ileal segments supplied by a single vessel exhibit an unpredictable high degree of tone in some cases, and when these segments were interposed they caused a high degree of partial obstruction irrespective of whether they were interposed iso- or antiperistaltically. Distal ilcal segments supplied two or more vessels interposed antiperistaltically caused a degree of obstruction related to their lengths, and interposed isoperistaltically they caused no obstruction.Jejunal single-vessel segments of both polarities exhibited low obstructive qualities. Antiperistaltic jejunal segments of two or more vessels supply behaved in a similar manner to corresponding ileal segments in that the degree of obstruction was related to the length of the segment. Isoperistaltic segments supplied bt two or more vessels caused no obstruction.Possible mechanisms accounting for the differing findings in jejunum and ileum are discussed.Some clinical applications are discussed.
Carcinoma of the large intestine with survival in a child of nine and in his father. A study of carcinoma of the colon with particular reference to children
Authors: Pemberton Max 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The case reports are presented of a child aged 9 and his father aged 43 both with colorectal cancer unassociated with polyposis.
A number of cases of carcinoma coli in children have been recorded but the outlook is depressingly poor; only I other long-term survival in a child appears to be authenticated.
The literature is reviewed and the reasons for the frequent errors and delays in diagnosis are analysed. The fact that the condition often masquerades as appendicitis or mesenteric adenitis in children is stressed.
A case is made for a positive approach when dealing with local recurrences even in anaplastic and colloid tumours.
It is suggested that certain bowel tumours may invade aggressively but not metastasize via the bloodstream or lymph channels; in these lesions the prognosis will be good if radical surgery is undertaken.
The evidence is in favour of a genetic basis for primary carcinoma of the colon and acceptance of this imposes the need for care in observing close relatives.
Pathology and prognosis of carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: Hawley P R , Westerholm P , Morson B C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The pathology and prognosis of 205 patients treated by total or partial gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach during the years 1951-5 have been evaluated. One hundred and sixteen patients (61 per cent) had a partial gastrectomy and 74 (39 per cent) had a total gastrectomy. The overall postoperative mortality was 25 per cent and this was greater for total than for partial gastrectomy. The crude survival rate was 19.4 per cent at 5 years and 11.4 per cent at 10 years. Carcinoma of the cardia had a worse prognosis than tumours at other sites. There were no 5-year survivors among patients with the linitis plastica type of carcinoma of the stomach. Tumours classified as poorly differentiated or anaplastic carcinoma had a poorer prognosis than well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. The amount of lymphocytic and plasma-cell infiltration of the tumour has a very significant effect on prognosis. Five out of the 7 patients with a heavy infiltrate of such cells survived over 5 years. Lymph-node involvement is the feature having the greatest influence on prognosis. There was a 40 per cent 5-year survival rate in the absence of node involvement and an 11 per cent 5-year survival rate with involved nodes. Patients with involved nodes surviving over 5 years had, on the average, fewer positive glands than those with involved nodes who survived for less than 5 years. No benefit follows from total rather than partial gastrectomy provided the cancer and regional lymph-nodes can be removed with the simpler procedure. Four case reports are presented to illustrate the difficulties in assessing the prognosis of gastric cancer.
Collagenase activity in the gastro-intestinal tract
Authors: Hawley P R , Faulk W Page , Hunt T K , Dunphy J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An experimental study in rabbits demonstrates that a significant postoperative decrease in bursting wall pressure is associated with a similar reduction in the colonic collagen from around the anastomosis.
Mature collagen is broken down by the action of specific enzyme collagenase. This has been estimated by a tissue-culture method and is produced by viable explants of mucosa. There is a significant increase in the amount of this enzyme produced post-operatively and it is suggested that this is responsible for the decrease in collagen and weakness of the colon.
An increased amount of enzyme is produced by explants from the colon than from those of other parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. This is regarded as an important reason for the high incidence of colonic and rectal anastomotic breakdown compared with breakdown of anastomoses in other parts of the gastro-intestinal tract.
Following colonic anastomosis there is increased collagenase production not only locally but throughout the gastro-intestinal tract, suggesting that wound healing is not only under local control.
Electrical activity of the gastric antrum in man
Authors: Kwong N K , Brown B H , Whittaker G E , Duthie H L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The electrical activity of the gastric antrum, up to 6 cm. from the pylorus, has been studied at operation by means of electrodes implanted through the serosa in 68 patients; electrodes were also attached to the mucosa in 13. Records made from the mucosal electrodes show the same frequency as the serosal electrodes. Control records made in 12 patients with gall-stones showed a frequency of electrical waves in the region of 3 per minute (median 2.85 cycles per minute), which is significantly less than the frequency in 11 patients with gastric cancer, in 8 patients with gastric ulcer, and in 24 patients with duodenal ulcer.
The use of a new absorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid) in general surgery
Authors: Anscombe A R , Hira N , Hunt B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The chemistry and pharmacology of a new polymer, polyglycolic acid, are described. Experimental studies have shown this substance to be a suitable suture material in animals. The present study details experience with the material in 120 patients in a variety of general surgical operations. The results show polyglycolic acid sutures to be superior to catgut and to fulfil the criteria laid down for the ideal absorbable material.
Gastric ulcers: A comparison of surgical, radiological, and pathological diagnosis
Authors: Barson A J , Kirk R S , Lewis F W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The surgical, radiological, and pathological diagnoses of 319 patients who had had a partial gastrectomy for a preoperative diagnosis of benign gastric ulcer were compared. Pathological examination of the excised stomach showed 79.6 per cent with ulcers, 8.1 per cent with scars only, and 12.3 per cent without evidence of active or healed ulceration. This latter group comprised 38 patients, in 17 of whom there was no definite radiological evidence of ulceration. Barium meals demonstrated gastric ulcers in 214 patients; 193 (90.2 per cent) of these were confirmed pathologically.
Meckel's diverticulum in an umbilical hernia
Authors: Castleden W M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This patient merits description for two reasons: It would appear from her history that she ruptured her umbilical hernia in the seventh month of her eighth pregnancy. This would therefore be the third reported case of this complication (De Glanville, 1955; Young, 1965). Also, she seems to be only the second adult whose umbilical hernia has contained an uncomplicated Meckel'S diverticulum. Logically and mathematically the chances are that this event would occur more frequently, and it is possible that undiscovered Meckel'S diverticula are unwittingly being replaced into the abdominal cavity during the repair of umbilical herniae. The literature clearly indicates that where a Meckel'S diverticulum is discovered incidentally, it should be removed, and that its removal is not associated with significant increase in operative morbidity or mortality.