bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Applied Photochemistry: Light‐Controlled Perfume Release
Authors: Derrer Samuel , Flachsmann Felix , Plessis Caroline , Stang Melanie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Watanabe Tokuko 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Tilt Chirality in Crystals of Steroids and Alkaloids
Authors: Hisaki Ichiro , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plectin deposition at podosome rings requires myosin contractility
Authors: Gad Annica , Lach Sibylle , Crimaldi Luca , Gimona Mario 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMetalloproteinase‐dependent tissue invasion requires the formation of podosomes and invadopodia for localized matrix degradation. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling via Arp2/3‐mediated actin polymerization is essential for podosome formation, and dynamic microtubules have an important role in maintaining podosome turnover in macrophages and osteoclasts. Little is known, however, about the involvement of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in formation, stabilization, and turnover of podosomes. Here we show that vimentin intermediate filaments colocalize with the early sites of podosome formation at the stress fiber ‐ focal adhesion interface in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, but do not directly contribute to podosome formation, or stabilization. In unstimulated A7r5 cells the cytolinker protein plectin poorly colocalized with vimentin and the microdomains, but following induction by phorbol ester accumulated in the rings that surround the podosomes. In plectin‐deficient A7r5 cells actin stress fiber remodelling is reduced in response to PDBu, and small podosomes remain localized at stable actin stress fibres. Pharmacological inhibition of actomyosin contractility by blebbistatin leads to an aberrant localization of podosomes away from the cell periphery and induces failure of plectin to surround the outer perimeter of these invasive adhesions. Taken together, we conclude that plectin is involved in growth and maturation of podosomes by reducing focal adhesion and stress fiber turnover, and that actomyosin‐dependent contractility is required for the peripheral localization and specific deposition of plectin at the podosome rings. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel interactions of fission yeast kinesin 8 revealed through in vivo expression of truncation alleles
Authors: West Robert R. , McIntosh J. Richard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFission yeast expresses two kinesin 8s, klp5+ and klp6+, which are important for diverse cellular functions: mitosis, meiosis, and the maintenance of normal cell morphology. During vegetative growth these motors display complex localization patterns, moving from the cytoplasm during interphase to the kinetochores in early mitosis, the interpolar spindle in anaphase B, and then back into the cytoplasm. We have expressed GFP‐tagged alleles of domains from these motors, seeking the signals required for their localizations. The tail of Klp5p localized to the interphase nucleus, more specifically to telomeres. Addition of the neck re‐directed this fragment to microtubules in the cytoplasm. Klp6‐tail and the neck‐tail domains of both motors localized at microtubule ends. Klp6‐neck‐tail localized to the spindle in early mitosis but to the pole‐proximal ends of the spindle in anaphase B. The Klp5‐motor and motor‐neck localized to microtubules, often causing them to bundle. Over‐expression of Klp6‐motor or motor‐neck resulted in shorter microtubules. These localization patterns were no different when constructs were expressed in strains lacking either or both of the endogenous, full‐length proteins. Our results indicate that the localization signals for these kinesins are not derived from simple amino acid sequences but from complex interactions among multiple domains of each motor. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A minor β‐tubulin essential for mammalian cell proliferation
Authors: Bhattacharya Rajat , Frankfurter Anthony , Cabral Fernando 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMammals use tubulin from multiple genes to construct microtubules. Some genes are expressed in a tissue specific manner, while others are expressed in almost all cell types. β5‐Tubulin is a minor, ubiquitous isoform whose overexpression was recently shown to disrupt microtubules. Using inhibitory RNA, we now report that suppression of β5 production in both human and hamster cells blocks cell proliferation. Cells depleted of β5 either trigger the mitotic checkpoint and undergo apoptosis; or they experience a transient mitotic block, a high incidence of lagging chromosomes, and progression into G1 without cytokinesis to become large, flat cells with elevated DNA content. Microtubules appear to be normally organized in cells depleted of β5, but they are rich in acetylated α‐tubulin indicating that they may be more stable than normal. The results provide the first evidence that a specific isoform of β‐tubulin is required for mitosis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of ethnicity on the presentation and prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Al‐Refaie Waddah B. , Tseng Jennifer F. , Gay Greer , Patel‐Parekh Lina , Mansfield Paul F. , Pisters Peter W. T. , Yao James C. , Feig Barry W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Regional‐based studies have indicated that ethnicity is associated with presentation and outcome in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. To validate this observation in a large cohort, the authors of this report used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to determine whether self‐reported ethnicity influences presentation and survival in this patient population.METHODS.Patient demographics, tumor‐related features, and treatment‐related features were analyzed by ethnicity. Univariate analyses were performed using the chi‐square test. Overall median and relative survival rates were examined by using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to identify the predictors of survival outcomes.RESULTS.Between 1995 and 2002, 81,095 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were entered into the NCDB. There were 57,943 white patients (71.5%), 11,094 African‐American patients (13.7%), 5665 Hispanic patients (7%), 4736 Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients (5.8%), and 1657 patients of other ethnicities (2%). Significant differences were observed according to ethnicity among the variables that were compared (all P < .01). In patients with stage I and II disease, the 5‐year relative survival rates for APIs (stage I, 77.2%; stage II, 48%) were more favorable than for whites (stage I, 58.7%; stage II, 32.8%), African Americans (stage I, 55.9%; stage II, 37.9%), and Hispanics (stage I, 60.8%; stage II, 39.3%). The overall median survival of APIs was more favorable than that of others (P < .01). Predictors of a better outcome were Asian race, female sex, younger age, earlier stage, lower grade, distal tumors, multimodality treatment, and care at a teaching hospital.CONCLUSIONS.Ethnicity was associated with differences in presentation and outcome of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. APIs had a more favorable outcome than patients of other ethnicities. Further studies should target underlying biologic and socioeconomic factors to explain these differences. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Critical assessment of tools to predict clinically insignificant prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy in contemporary men
Authors: Chun Felix K.‐H. , Haese Alexander , Ahyai Sascha A. , Walz Jochen , Suardi Nazareno , Capitanio Umberto , Graefen Markus , Erbersdobler Andreas , Huland Hartwig , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Overtreatment of prostate cancer (PCa) is a concern, especially in patients who might qualify for the diagnosis of insignificant prostate cancer (IPCa). The ability to identify IPCa prior to definitive therapy was tested.METHODS.In a cohort of 1132 men a nomogram was developed to predict the probability of IPCa. Predictors consisted of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum, core cancer length and percentage of positive biopsy cores (percent positive cores). IPCa was defined as organ‐confined PCa (OC) with tumor volume (TV) <0.5 cc and without Gleason 4 or 5 patterns. Finally, an external validation of the most accurate IPCa nomogram was performed in the same group.RESULTS.IPCa was pathologically confirmed in 65 (5.7%) men. The 200 bootstrap‐corrected predictive accuracy of the new nomogram was 90% versus 81% for the older nomogram. However, in cutoff‐based analyses of patients who were qualified by our and the older nomograms as high probability for IPCa, respectively 63% and 45% harbored aggressive PCa variants at radical prostatectomy (Gleason score 7‐10, ECE, SVI, and/or LNI).CONCLUSIONS.Despite a high accuracy, currently available models for prediction of IPCa are incorrect in 10% to 20% of predictions. The rate of misclassification is even further inflated when specific cutoffs are used. As a consequence, extreme caution is advised when statistical tools are used to assign the diagnosis of IPCa. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Multipolar Ordering in Electro‐ and Magnetostatic Coupled Nanosystems
Authors: Vedmedenko Elena Y. , Mikuszeit Nikolai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractElectric and magnetic multipole moments and polarizabilities are important quantities in studies of intermolecular forces, non‐linear optical phenomena, electrostatic, magnetostatic or gravitational potentials and electron scattering. The experimental determination of multipole moments is difficult and therefore the theoretical prediction of these quantities is important. Depending on purposes of the investigation several different definitions of multipole moments and multipole–multipole interactions are used in the literature. Because of this variety of methods it is often difficult to use published results and, therefore, even more new definitions appear. The first goal of this review is to give an overview of mathematical definitions of multipole expansion and relations between different formulations. The second aim is to present a general theoretical description of multipolar ordering on periodic two‐dimensional lattices. After a historical introduction in the first part of this manuscript the static multipole expansion in cartesian and spherical coordinates as well as existing coordinate transformations are reviewed. On the basis of the presented mathematical description multipole moments of several symmetric charge distributions are summarized. Next, the established numerical approach for the calculation of multipolar ground states, namely Monte Carlo simulations, are reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the review of ground states in multipolar systems consisting of moments of odd or even order. The last section is devoted to the magnetization reversal in dense packed nanomagnetic arrays, where the magnetic multipole–multipole interactions play an important role. Comparison between the theory and recent experimental results is given.
Normalization of bone marrow aspirates for hemodilution in flow cytometric analyses
Authors: Loken Michael R. , Chu Sung‐Chao , Fritschle Wayne , Kalnoski Michael , Wells Denise A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe use of flow cytometric enumeration of blasts in bone marrow aspirates has been of limited value in situations where blood contamination of the specimen is present. Assessment of sequential pulls of bone marrow aspirates from the same patient show decreasing proportions of blasts that are detected in later specimens. To address this problem, the intensity of CD16 on maturing neutrophils was compared for bone marrow biopsies, peripheral blood, and bone marrow aspirates. A comparison between bone marrow biopsy and aspirate specimens from the same individuals showed similar proportions of neutrophils with mature phenotype in most, but not all pairs. Other cell populations (total mature lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and blasts) were also similar between the two specimen types, with one exception of a patient with myelodysplasia, exhibiting a unique blast population in the biopsy that was not evident in the aspirate. The proportion of mature myeloid cells expressing a mature neutrophil phenotype (high levels of CD16) was found to be 17% (± 6.7, n = 47) in trephine marrow biopsy specimens. In contrast, marrow aspirates contained more of the mature neutrophil phenotype (38% ± 16, n = 33) with about 1/3 of the aspirates indistinguishable from biopsies. Using a simple formula to normalize the aspirate specimens to the average neutrophil composition of marrow biopsies, it was possible to correct for the dilutional effect of added blood to both normal bone marrow aspirates and aspirates with elevated blast counts. These results suggest three alternative means of circumventing the problem of blood dilution of marrow aspirate specimens. (1) Blast counts by flow cytometry can be obtained from disaggregated biopsy specimens. (2) A bone marrow aspirate can be assessed for the proportion of mature neutrophils present and only those with low proportions (<30%) of phenotypic mature neutrophils are considered adequate for blast counting. (3) The aspirates with high proportions of mature neutrophils may be normalized based on the proportion of dim CD16 maturing myeloid cells to a level observed in bone marrow biopsies (based on an average mature neutrophil composition). Such an approach for identifying the amount of hemodilution in each specimen may enhance the utility of flow cytometry in enumeration of blasts in bone marrow, especially in cases where myeloblast count is crucial for prognosis, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Standardization of flow cytometric minimal residual disease evaluation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Multicentric assessment is feasible
Authors: Dworzak Michael Norbert , Gaipa Giuseppe , Ratei Richard , Veltroni Marinella , Schumich Angela , Maglia Oscar , Karawajew Leonid , Benetello Allessandra , Pötschger Ulrike , Husak Zvenyslava , Gadner Helmut , Biondi Andrea , Ludwig Wolf‐Dieter , Basso Giuseppe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground:Single‐laboratory experience showed that flow cytometric (FCM) assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is feasible in most patients and gives independent prognostic information. It is, however, not known whether FCM analysis can reliably be standardized for multicentric application.Methods:An extensive standardization program was installed in four collaborating laboratories, which study FCM‐MRD in children treated with the AIEOP‐BFM‐ALL 2000 protocol. This included methodological alignment, continuous quality monitoring, as well as personnel education by exchange and performance feed‐back.Results:Blinded inter‐laboratory tests of list‐mode data interpretation concordance (n = 202 blood and bone marrow samples from follow‐up during induction of 31 randomly selected patients of a total series of n = 395) showed a very high degree of inter‐rater agreement among the four centers despite differences in cytometers and software usage (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.979 based on n= 800 single values). Lower concordance was reached with amounts of MRD below 0.1%. Comparing data from sample exchange experiments (n = 42 samples; ICC 0.98) and from independent patient cohorts from the four centers (regarding positive samples per time‐point of follow‐up as well as risk estimates) concordance was also good.Conclusion:MRD‐evaluation by FCM in ALL can be standardized for reliable multicentric assessment in large trials. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society.
Increased LDL cholesterol and CRP in infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lindegaard Marie L. S. , Svarrer Eva M. M. , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Nielsen Lars B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundProatherogenic stimuli during foetal life may predispose to development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. Elevated plasma low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and C‐reactive protein (CRP) expression is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we examined how maternal type 1 diabetes affects foetal plasma LDL cholesterol and CRP. In comparison with healthy mothers, the plasma LDL cholesterol was not increased in the mothers with diabetes, however, the umbilical‐cord plasma LDL cholesterol was increased in their infants. CRP was increased in infants of mothers with diabetes and high haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, ≥ 6.2%). Human placenta expresses microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), which facilitates secretion of apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins. Microsomal triglyceride transfer activity was slightly higher (11%) in placentas from mothers with diabetes and HbA1c ≥ 6.2% compared with the controls.ConclusionThe results suggest that maternal type 1 diabetes increases the foetal plasma LDL cholesterol and CRP concentration and thus might predispose the offspring to development of atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D improved the free fatty‐acid‐induced insulin resistance in cultured C2C12 cells
Authors: Zhou Qiu Gen , Hou Fan Fan , Guo Zhi Jian , Liang Min , Wang Guo Bao , Zhang Xun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological evidence has indicated that vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D may improve the free fatty‐acid (FFA)‐induced insulin resistance in muscle cells.MethodThe insulin resistance of muscle cell model was established by treatment of FFA in differentiated C2C12 cells. Glucose uptake of C2C12 myotubes was analysed by the 3H‐labelled 2‐deoxyglucose uptake assay. The diameter of myotubes was measured under the condition of glutaraldehyde‐induced autofluorescense. Tyrosine phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) was measured by immunoprecipitation. Serine phosphorylated IRS‐1 and protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK), c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinases (JNK) as well as their phosphorylated form were analysed by Western blots.ResultsCompared with a vehicle‐treated group, FFA treatment in myotubes was associated with 70.6% reduction in insulin‐mediated uptake of glucose, a five‐fold increase in serine phosphorylation of IRS‐1, 76.9% decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 and 81.8% decrease in phosphorylation of Akt. Supplement of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D improved the FFA‐induced inhibition of glucose uptake in a dose‐ dependent (p < 0.001) and time‐dependent manner (p < 0.01). This was accompanied by increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 and phosphorylated Akt and decrease in serine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 (p < 0.001). 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D also inhibited the FFA‐induced reduction in myotube diameter by 35.3% (p < 0.001). JNK phosphorylation was reduced by 126.7% with treatment of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.001). 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D had no effect on FFA‐induced ERK phosphorylation (p = 0.84).Conclusion1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D improved the FFA‐induced insulin resistance in muscle cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysialic acid controls NCAM‐induced differentiation of neuronal precursors into calretinin‐positive olfactory bulb interneurons
Authors: Röckle Iris , Seidenfaden Ralph , Weinhold Birgit , Mühlenhoff Martina , Gerardy‐Schahn Rita , Hildebrandt Herbert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis is a prerequisite for brain repair approaches based on neuronal precursor cells. One important regulator of postnatal neurogenesis is polysialic acid (polySia), a post‐translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. In the present study, we investigated the role of polySia in differentiation of neuronal precursors isolated from the subventricular zone of early postnatal mice. Removal of polySia promoted neurite induction and selectively enhanced maturation into a calretinin‐positive phenotype. Expression of calbindin and Pax6, indicative for other lineages of olfactory bulb interneurons, were not affected. A decrease in the number of TUNEL‐positive cells indicated that cell survival was slightly improved by removing polySia. Time lapse imaging revealed the absence of chain migration and low cell motility, in the presence and absence of polySia. The changes in survival and differentiation, therefore, could be dissected from the well‐known function of polySia as a promoter of precursor migration. The differentiation response was mimicked by exposure of cells to soluble or substrate‐bound NCAM and prevented by the C3d‐peptide, a synthetic ligand blocking NCAM interactions. Moreover, a higher degree of differentiation was observed in cultures from polysialyltransferase‐depleted mice and after NCAM exposure of precursors from NCAM‐knockout mice demonstrating that the NCAM function is mediated via heterophilic binding partners. In conclusion, these data reveal that polySia controls instructive NCAM signals, which direct the differentiation of subventricular zone‐derived precursors towards the calretinin‐positive phenotype of olfactory bulb interneurons. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Sustainable development and the ‘governance challenge’: the French experience with Natura 2000
Authors: McCauley Darren 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSustainable development is conceptualized in this paper as a serious challenge for governance structures and processes in nation states. Global and European agreements have placed the inclusion of civil society actors in policy‐making at the heart of the sustainability agenda. This commitment is particularly evident in the Commission's White Paper on Governance and the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. From this perspective, the European Commission has consistently underlined the integral role of dialogue with social partners in any sustainability agenda. In contrast, there is a clear mismatch between these principles of civil society inclusion and policy‐making in France. Long‐standing traditions of meso‐corporatism have struggled to adapt to extending participation to civil society actors. This paper assesses the implementation of sustainable development as civil society inclusion with reference to the French experience in dealing with EU biodiversity policy. It is argued that this governance challenge has effectively presented nation states with an ‘interpretation dilemma’ with regards to sustainable development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.