bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Stable 0D Cs3Cu2Br5:Mn Single Crystals for Low‐Dose High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Yujie , Wen Xuemin , Ran Peng , Peng Chen , Yang Fan , Yang Yang (Michael) , Wu Yuntao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractScintillators, essential component of radiation detectors, have garnered significant attention for their pivotal roles in homeland security, medical imaging, and nondestructive inspection applications. However, existing scintillators still face challenges in simultaneously achieving high scintillation efficiency, stability, and low toxicity. Herein, a novel Cs3Cu2Br5:Mn single crystal (SC) scintillator, utilizing nontoxic Mn2+ as activator, is developed. The introduction of Mn2⁺ into the 0D Cs3Cu2Br5 host induces a green emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92.9%. Compared to undoped Cs3Cu2Br5, the Mn2+‐doped one exhibits a 120% increase in steady‐state scintillation efficiency, reaching 14 000 photons MeV−1. Moreover, the X‐ray low detection limit improves from 49.3 to 16.8 nGyair s−1. The Cs3Cu2Br5:Mn SC also achieves an ultra‐high spatial resolution of 24 line pairs (lp) mm−1 when utilized as a flat scintillation screen. This study demonstrates a promising strategy to design high‐performance scintillators by doping eco‐friendly metal, offering new avenues for advancements in radiation detection technologies.
Global Classical Solutions for a Chemotaxis System of Attraction–Repulsion With Singular Sensitivity
Authors: Amalorpava Josephine S. , Karthikeyan S. , Shangerganesh L. , Yadhavan K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the singular sensitive parabolic attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system with two chemicals subjected to the Neumann boundary condition. Two chemical substances impact the species involved in this biological process. Both signals come from the same species, but a higher concentration of one attracts the species while a lesser concentration repels it. Using the energy estimate approach, we explore the global existence of classical solutions of the proposed model in a spatial domain with a dimension greater than one.
Multipoint Stimulation Motor Unit Number Estimation of the Extensor Indicis and Anconeus After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Adewuyi Adenike A. , Hashemi Mahdis , Khanna Shreyaa , Berger Michael J. , Franz Colin K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsCervical spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impairs upper limb function, affecting patients' quality of life. Nerve transfer surgery can restore arm and hand function, but its success depends on the health of infralesional lower motor neurons (LMNs). LMN abnormalities are prevalent in muscles targeted for nerve transfer, particularly those innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and radial nerve, essential for wrist extension and hand opening. This study evaluates the health of infralesional LMNs in cervical SCI using multipoint stimulation motor unit number estimation (MPS‐MUNE). We assessed motor unit counts in the C7‐innervated anconeus and the predominantly C8‐innervated extensor indicis (EI) to determine their viability as targets for nerve transfer surgery.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, two‐center cohort study using MPS‐MUNE to evaluate 15 individuals with cervical SCI (26 limbs) and 17 healthy controls.ResultsCompound muscle action potential (CMAP) and MUNE values were significantly lower in SCI patients compared to controls (EI CMAP: 2.0 mV ± 1.57, EI MUNE: 33 ± 30.5; anconeus CMAP: 2.7 mV ± 1.9, anconeus MUNE: 39 ± 50.6 versus controls: EI CMAP: 6.6 mV ± 1.0, EI MUNE: 137 ± 33.9; anconeus CMAP: 6.6 mV ± 1.3, anconeus MUNE: 146 ± 42.3). Test–retest reliability for EI and anconeus were 0.84 (CI: 0.45–0.95) and 0.78 (CI: 0.36–0.93), respectively.DiscussionSignificant LMN loss was observed after cervical SCI. MPS‐MUNE shows potential for evaluating LMN health, highlighting its importance for assessing nerve transfer targets and planning interventions.
Hydrodissection With or Without Corticosteroid Versus Corticosteroid‐Only Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghorbanpour Sahar , Abdi Mina , Naeemi Negin , Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz , Hosseini Maryam , Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Azadvari Mohaddeseh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsHydrodissection is an emerging technique in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome. We aimed to compare the efficacy of hydrodissection with or without corticosteroid versus intra‐carpal corticosteroid injection for treating carpal tunnel syndrome.MethodsIn total, 66 wrists with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome were allocated to three study arms. Under ultrasound guidance, patients received a single injection consisting of 1 mL (40 mg) triamcinolone acetonide, 1 mL lidocaine, and 3 mL of saline, or 1 mL lidocaine, and 4 mL saline. Another group received 1 mL intra‐carpal triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg) without ultrasound guidance. All participants were followed for 3 months post‐injection. The primary outcome was the median nerve cross‐sectional area. Secondary outcomes were symptom severity, functional status, electrodiagnostic test results, hang grip, and pain.ResultsAnalyses showed a significant reduction in symptom severity, improvement in function, decrease in median cross‐sectional area, and improvement in electrodiagnostic evaluations for all the interventions 3 months after the injections (all p < 0.05). However, there was no significant improvement in muscle strength with any of the interventions. Sensory distal latency decreased (p ≤ 0.004), and sensory nerve conduction velocity increased in all groups (p ≤ 0.001). For motor nerve evaluations, distal latency decreased significantly with the three interventions (p ≤ 0.003), while nerve conduction velocity in the forearm segment increased in the steroid‐only group (p < 0.011). Group comparisons did not reveal any significant differences.DiscussionAll interventions were effective in improving symptom severity, function, and electrodiagnostic and ultrasound measures, with no significant differences observed between the treatments.Trial Registration: The trial was registered prospectively at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website http://www.irct.ir/, a WHO Primary Register set up with the registration number IRCT20210613051566N1
Unravelling the nexus of stroke and dementia: Deciphering the role of secondary neurodegeneration in orchestrating cognitive decline
Authors: Stuckey Shannon M. , Hood Rebecca J. , Ong Lin Kooi , Bilecki Isabella M. , Collins‐Praino Lyndsey E. , Turner Renée J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStroke is the leading cause of acquired disability. The development of acute ischemic stroke treatments, such as mechanical thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator, has resulted in more patients surviving the initial insult. However, long‐term complications, such as post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and dementia (PSD), are at an all‐time high. Notably, 80% of stroke survivors suffer from cognitive impairment, and a history of stroke doubles a patient's lifetime risk of developing dementia. A combination of greater life expectancy, an increase in the number of strokes in young individuals, and improved survival have inherently increased the number of years patients are living post‐stroke, highlighting the critical need to understand the long‐term effects of stroke, including how pathological changes in the brain might give rise to functional and behavioral changes in stroke survivors. Even with this increased risk of PSCI and PSD in stroke survivors, understanding of how the stroke itself develops into these conditions remains incomplete. Recently, secondary neurodegeneration (SND) following stroke has been linked with PSCI and PSD. SND is the degeneration of brain regions outside the original stroke site. Degeneration in these sites is thought to arise due to functional diaschisis with the infarct core; however, observation of SND pathology in multiple regions without direct connectivity to the stroke infarct suggests that the degeneration in these regions is likely more complex. Moreover, pathological hallmarks of dementia, such as a deposition of neurodegenerative proteins and iron, cell death, inflammation and blood–brain barrier alterations, have all been found in regions such as the thalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia, amygdala and prefrontal cortex following stroke. Hence, in this review, we present the current understanding of PSCI and PSD in the context of SND and outline how remote anatomical and molecular changes may drive the development of these conditions.
Multi‐Phase‐Field Method for Dynamic Fracture in Composite Materials Based on Reduced‐Order‐Homogenization
Authors: Liu Nianqi , Yuan Zifeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this manuscript, we extend the quasi‐static multi‐phase‐field method for composite materials to the dynamic case. In the dynamic multi‐phase‐field method, each phase of the composites has its individual phase field, and the degradation of each phase is governed by its respective phase field. The macroscopic response is then obtained by averaging and homogenization approaches through the reduced‐order‐homogenization (ROH) framework. Through the ROH and the Francfort‐Marigo variational principle, we can obtain the equations that govern the motion of the composites and the evolution of each phase field. This method is capable of capturing the characteristics of dynamic fracture, such as crack branching, without the need for any additional bifurcation criterion. Moreover, it can capture dynamic fracture patterns in composite materials, including matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination. The corresponding numerical algorithm that includes spatial and temporal discretization is developed. An implicit, staggered Newton‐Raphson iterative scheme is implemented to solve the nonlinear coupled equations. Finally, this method is tested with several sets of dynamic fracture benchmarks, which demonstrates good agreement with the experiments and other numerical methods.
Anti‐Consumers and Treasure‐Hunters: Can Online Sustainable Fashion Challenges Shift Consumer Behaviour?
Authors: Faludi Julianna , Füller Kamilla 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTwo types of social media challenges were compared: the Second‐hand September and the No New Clothes challenge, both restraining consumption of new clothes. First, a survey (n = 416) measured the motivation of environmentally conscious consumers to participate in online consumption reduction challenges. Factor analysis and multilinear regressions were used to test the predictive power of anti‐fashion preferences, environmental and ethical concern in relation to consumption reduction. A second study examined the motivations and attitudes of participants of two No New Clothes challenges in reducing their fashion consumption on five dimensions, such as environmental, ethical, animal protection, frugality and personal curiosity; and about their willingness to continue with not buying clothes after the challenge, with additional qualitative insights that shed light on the main barriers and opportunities associated with the reduction of fashion consumption. The study also situates anti‐consumption, voluntary simplicity, and second‐hand clothing within the context of sustainable fashion. Findings suggest that consumption reduction is primarily driven by ethical concerns and a desire to learn about sustainable fashion, with anti‐fashion attitudes influencing participation. Results indicate that second‐hand clothing might be a trigger for consumption. Study 2 confirmed that after the one‐year challenge, 68% of participants prioritised second‐hand purchases, followed by ethical brands (27.5%). Participants motivated by frugality were less likely to continue anti‐consumption practices and more prone to reverting to fast fashion due to its accessibility. Anti‐consumers were driven by voluntary simplicity and willingly took on active roles in promoting sustainable practices. The comparative analysis of two online challenges—Secondhand September and No New Clothes—highlights the role of social media in fostering anti‐consumption engagement and behavioural change, offering a fresh perspective on how digital platforms can drive sustainable practices, and draws conclusions on anti‐consumption motivations and practices. The analysis also sheds light on the difference between treasure hunting and anti‐consumption attitudes.
Facial Feminization Surgery and Mental Health Resource Utilization: A Retrospective Institutional Review
Authors: Huynh Pauline P. , Kleinberger Andrew , Brandstetter Kathleyn , Chou David W. , Pressman Alice R. , Shih Charles 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to assess the effects of facial feminization surgery (FFS) on mental health resource utilization among patients with gender dysphoria within an integrated multicenter health care system.Study DesignA retrospective database review.SettingAn equal‐access, integrated health care system.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients who underwent FFS from 2016 to 2021 on utilization of mental health services in a large integrated health care system. Full FFS was defined as all 3 facial thirds. We compared average quarterly utilization for 12 to 24 months before FFS with quarterly utilization during 12 to 24 months of follow‐up. Patients who did not have continuous coverage for at least 12 months before and 12 months after FFS were excluded.ResultsA total of 699 FFS cases were performed between 2016 and 2021, of which 478 cases were included (35.6 ± 12.3 years old, 207 [43.3%] had full FFS). Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank tests comparing pre‐FFS and post‐FFS utilization counts showed statistically significant reductions in the number of mental health‐associated visits. Age and comorbid mental health diagnoses were significant predictors of mental health resource utilization in the pre‐FFS period. A comorbid mood or anxiety disorder was a predictor of changes in resource utilization following FFS.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this endeavor is the first utilization study of FFS conducted in the United States. FFS was associated with significantly lower utilization of mental health services in the 12‐month post‐FFS period compared to the 12‐month pre‐FFS period.
Tumor immune microenvironment alterations associated with progression in human intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Jamouss Kevin T , Damanakis Alexander Ioannis , Cornwell Abigail C , Jongepier Martine , Trujillo Maria A , Pflüger Michael Johannes , Kawalerski Ryan , Maalouf Alexandre , Hirose Katsuya , Datta Shalini , Sipes Abigail , Pedro Brian A , Gudmundsson Emma , Assarzadegan Naziheh , Engle Logan , Scharpf Robert B , Kawamoto Satomi , Thompson Elizabeth D , Wood Laura D 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses a significant challenge due to late‐stage diagnoses. To improve patient outcomes, early intervention in precursor lesions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is crucial. However, early intervention must be balanced against overtreatment of low‐risk lesions that are unlikely to progress, underscoring the need to better understand molecular alterations in neoplastic cells and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that drive the progression of IPMNs. In this study, we characterized alterations in the TME of IPMNs as they progressed to high‐grade dysplasia, using immunohistochemistry to quantify immune cell density and activation status in more than 100 well‐characterized human IPMN samples. Analyses revealed progression to a more immunosuppressive TME in high‐grade IPMN compared with low‐grade IPMN, characterized by elevated expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD‐L1, TIM3, VISTA), increased density of macrophages, and decreased density of cytotoxic T cells. Intriguingly, the alterations in macrophages were limited to focal regions of high‐grade dysplasia, while T‐cell alterations affected the entire IPMN. Additionally, elevated VISTA expression was associated with poorer clinical outcome after IPMN resection in an independent cohort. These findings provide important insights into the interplay between the immune microenvironment and IPMN progression, highlighting potential targets to modify the TME for cancer interception. © 2025 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Effects of size distribution and surface treatments of seashell particles on flexural properties of seashell/epoxy composites
Authors: Amouzadi A. , Shokrieh M. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe present research, conducted with meticulous attention to detail, aims to investigate the use of seashell waste, mainly composed of CaCO3, as a bio‐filler for polymers. This study experimentally studies the influences of seashell bio‐filler on the flexural properties of seashell powder/Epoxy composites. Effective surface modification can lead to optimum particle dispersion and may improve the interfacial interaction between the particles and the matrix by enhancing their interfacial compatibility. Surface treatments are applied to the seashell particles using several coupling agents to identify a suitable silane agent for the components of the composites. A proper fabrication method is determined by considering the factors that affect the mechanical properties of seashell/epoxy composites, such as particle size, filler distribution, and strength of interfacial adhesion. By applying surface modification to seashell particles using 3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, seashell/epoxy composites containing 2 wt.% modified seashell achieve a 66% improvement in flexural strain energy and a negligible improvement of 5.2% in bending strength compared to the pure polymer.Highlights
The fabrication process of seashell powder/epoxy composites was presented.
Flexural properties of seashell powder/epoxy composites were characterized.
Effects of particle size and surface modification were considered.
Micromechanical theory was used to predict the bending modulus.
Surface modification improved the flexural strain energy of composites.
Moderation Effect of Emotional Expressivity on the Associations Between Schizotypal Traits, Autistic Traits and Social Pleasure
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ying , Wang Miao , Fu Xin‐Wei , Chen Shou‐Nuo , Gu Jie , Li Shuai‐Biao , Chu Min‐Yi , Wang Yan‐Yu , Wang Yi , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDiminished social pleasure has been reported in people with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies suggested that emotional expressivity is closely correlated with social pleasure. However, the underlying psychological mechanisms between traits related to schizophrenia and ASD, emotional expressivity, and social pleasure remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between subclinical schizotypal and autistic traits, facial expressions, and social pleasure. Eighty‐six healthy participants (mean age = 20.35 ± 0.26 years, 44 males) were recruited to complete an emotion elicitation task and an autobiographical recalling task, while their facial expressions were videotaped for computerized analysis using the FaceReader. The intensity of different facial expressions (happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, and disgusted), valence, and arousal were extracted. The self‐report Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), Autism‐Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS) were administered to measure subclinical traits and social pleasure. Partial correlation analysis and moderation analysis were performed. Both schizotypal and autistic traits were negatively correlated with social pleasure. The moderation effects of angry facial expression for both schizotypal and autistic traits on their associations with social pleasure were significant. In addition, scared and surprised facial expressions moderated the associations between positive and negative dimensions of schizotypy and social pleasure, while arousal moderated the associations between autistic traits and social pleasure. Our study identified different moderating effects of facial emotion expressions on schizotypal and social anhedonia and autistic traits and social anhedonia, thereby revealing possible different psychopathological mechanisms underlying similar social anhedonia in subclinical populations.
Assessing the Impact of Transition and Peripheral Zone PSA Densities Over Whole‐Gland PSA Density for Prostate Cancer Detection on Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Esengur Omer Tarik , Stevenson Emma , Stecko Hunter , Lay Nathan S. , Yang Dong , Tetreault Jesse , Xu Ziyue , Xu Daguang , Yilmaz Enis C. , Gelikman David G. , Harmon Stephanie A. , Merino Maria J. , Gurram Sandeep , Wood Bradford J. , Choyke Peter L. , Pinto Peter A. , Turkbey Baris 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhole‐gland (WG) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) has proven useful in diagnosing to be beneficial in localized prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of WG and zonal (transition zone [TZ] and peripheral zone [PZ]) PSAD in predicting PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) in prostate MRI.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent multiparametric MRI and MRI/US fusion‐guided biopsy between March 2019 and July 2024. TZ‐PSAD, PZ‐PSAD, and WG‐PSAD were calculated using in‐house AI models. Optimal thresholds for TZ‐PSAD and PZ‐PSAD were determined using the Youden index from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses with five‐fold cross‐validation, whereas 0.15 ng/mL2 was applied as the threshold for WG‐PSAD. Statistical comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon rank‐sum, χ2, and Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression (LR) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analyses with DeLong's test were conducted to evaluate diagnostic performance.ResultsThe study cohort included 774 consecutive patients (median age = 67 years [interquartile range {IQR}: 61–71], median WG‐PSAD = 0.11 ng/mL2 [IQR: 0.07–0.17], median TZ‐PSAD = 0.22 ng/mL2 [IQR: 0.12–0.41], median PZ‐PSAD = 0.13 ng/mL2 [IQR: 0.16–0.34]). Among these patients, 475 had PCa and 341 had csPCa. The mean optimal thresholds for TZ‐PSAD and PZ‐PSAD were 0.20 ng/mL2 and 0.21 ng/mL2, respectively, for PCa, whereas they were 0.26 and 0.23, respectively, for csPCa. Multivariable LR identified TZ‐PSAD (OR = 2.00, p = 0.03) and WG‐PSAD (OR = 2.40, p = 0.02) as significant predictors of PCa. For csPCa, TZ‐PSAD was the only independent predictor (OR = 2.13, p = 0.02) among PSAD measurements. TZ‐PSAD showed a superior AUC for both PCa (0.79 ± 0.05) and csPCa (0.77 ± 0.02) compared to WG‐PSAD (0.77 ± 0.06 for PCa, 0.76 ± 0.03 for csPCa) and PZ‐PSAD (0.69 ± 0.06 for PCa, 0.70 ± 0.04 for csPCa; p < 0.001).ConclusionsBoth TZ‐PSAD and WG‐PSAD are strong predictors of PCa, but TZ‐PSAD is a superior predictor of csPCa compared to WG‐PSAD and PZ‐PSAD. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.Trial Registration: NCT03354416.