bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service redesign: the experience of Newcastle Diabetes Service 2001–2007
Authors: Hawthorne G , Grzebalski D Kyne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes is projected to rise substantially. National policy has introduced drivers to promote service redesign around patient needs. This paper describes how we have developed an integrated local diabetes service based on the community delivery of diabetes care, supporting primary care and interfacing with specialist care.The diabetes service is located in the Primary Care Trust and is based at the Newcastle Diabetes Centre. There is a service delivery plan agreed with all stakeholders for people with type 2 diabetes. The service supports primary care to deliver high quality care, provides community care in close proximity to patients' homes and delivers specialist care.Pathways of care for people with type 2 diabetes are based on level 1 primary care, level 2 community care and level 3 specialist care. Agreed district‐wide guidelines, with referral criteria, support integrated pathways of diabetes care. Level 1 (primary care) is supported by district‐wide podiatry, digital retinal screening and health care provider education. Level 2 (community‐based service) includes a pathway for newly‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes encompassing structured group education and a pathway for continuing care of more complex type 2 diabetes, supported by additional community services such as weight management groups, and community‐based group insulin starts. Level 3 (specialist services) provided at the Diabetes Centre include preconception care, a medical foot clinic, a young adults clinic, an insulin pump service and a diabetes renal clinic.This paper shows how the redesigned service supports primary care to provide care closer to patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Embedding CSII therapy in the routine management of diabetes in children: a clinical audit of this service in Leeds
Authors: Campbell F , Macdonald AL , Gelder C , Reynolds C , Holland P , Feltbower RG 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to document the clinical and secondary care cost benefit of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) over a five‐year period in the Leeds Paediatric Diabetes Service.Patients with type 1 diabetes treated using CSII therapy since 2002 who attended the paediatric diabetes clinics in Leeds, UK, were eligible for inclusion. Information on glycaemic control (HbA1c) and frequency/type of hospital admission was collected during the 12‐month period before CSII was initiated and compared prospectively after the transition to pump therapy. Multi‐level regression modelling was used to assess the change in HbA1c levels and the effect of patient characteristics.Data were included on 84 individuals ranging in age from 0 to 18 years, 54% of whom were female. Mean (SD) HbA1c levels improved from a baseline of 9.4 ± 1.7% to 8.9 ± 1.5%, with a significant overall reduction of 0.53% within the first year (95% CI 0.29‐0.78%). The improvement in HbA1c levels was sustained for up to five years after CSII therapy commenced. Regression modelling showed that age, sex and duration of diabetes were not significantly associated with change in HbA1c levels. Hospital admission rates fell for severe hypoglycaemia from 8.9 to 2.4 per 100 patient years although hyperglycaemia admissions remained largely the same (7.6 vs 7.3 on CSII per 100 patient years).We concluded that patients treated using CSII appear to exhibit both improved glycaemic control, which is sustained over the short/medium term, and lower hospital admission rates for hypoglycaemia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Investigation of an interaction between statins and clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention: a cohort study
Authors: Blagojevic Ana , Delaney Joseph A.C. , Lévesque Linda E. , Dendukuri Nandini , Boivin Jean‐Francois , Brophy James M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundClopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that is prescribed after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to prevent stent thrombosis. Previous studies have suggested that some statins may inhibit the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrelviacompetitive metabolism of its activating enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).ObjectivesTo investigate a possible interaction between statins and clopidogrel after a PCI procedure in a population‐based cohort study.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was carried out between January 2001 and December 2004 using the health insurance databases from Quebec, Canada. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina, repeat revascularization and cerebrovascular events. PCI patients ≥ 66 years of age were followed from their initial post‐discharge clopidogrel prescription until the earliest of study endpoint occurrence, end of clopidogrel exposure or end of study (90 days post discharge). Time‐dependent Cox regression analysis was performed.ResultsWe identified 10 491 patients who were prescribed clopidogrel post‐PCI and 43.5% were also prescribed statins at the baseline discharge. During 1793 patient years of follow‐up, 623 composite endpoints were observed. Compared to the reference group (non‐CYP3A4‐metabolized statins), the co‐prescription of CYP3A4‐metabolized statins (hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.47), or no statin use (HR 1.22, 95%CI 0.93–1.59) were not statistically associated with an increase in adverse outcomes.ConclusionsIn this PCI cohort, the association of clopidogrel with CYP3A4‐metabolized statins did not demonstrate an increased early risk of adverse cardiovascular events, although a small risk could not be completely excluded. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing phase separation in polystyrene/polystyrene homo‐IPNs via sulfonation
Authors: Zheng Bo , Li Hexian , Wang Guochang , Liu Kun , Wang Lin , Pan Guiling 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Polystyrene/polystyrene (PS/PS) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) represent ideal homo‐IPNs. Whether phase separation occurs in this system has been a long‐standing problem, which is closely related to the self‐organization mechanism in IPN formation and is important to the exploration of new polymer morphologies and properties by topological isomerism.RESULTS: A series of bead samples of PS/PS sequential IPNs with the same nominal divinylbenzene contents were synthesized by suspension polymerization, followed by sulfonation. Scanning electron micrographs and energy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping show unique distinctive topography on both surfaces and fractured surfaces and large heterogeneity in sulfonation of the PS/PS IPN beads, which for the first time provide visual evidence for dual‐phase continuity in PS/PS IPNs.CONCLUSION: The phase separation behavior is proposed to be due to hydrodynamic screening, architectural asymmetry and excluded volume interactions between network I and the precursor chains of network II. This is considered to represent pure IPN effects in sequential formation and may shed light on the general constitution mechanism and molecular design of IPN materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation induced by nanostructural evolution of polylactide/clay nanocomposites in the isothermal cold crystallization process
Authors: Wu Defeng , Wu Liang , Yu Wei , Xu Bin , Zhang Ming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of the work presented was to study the nanostructural evolution of clay tactoids during the isothermal cold crystallization of polylactide/clay nanocomposites (PLACNs). An interesting degradation behavior of the polylactide (PLA) matrix, however, was observed simultaneously with nanostructural evolution. The possible mechanisms of degradation and structural evolution are discussed.RESULTS: The evolution of the nanostructure and the degradation were studied online or offline using parallel plate rheometry, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the intercalation level of the clay tactoids further increased during cold crystallization, leading to simultaneous degradation of the PLA matrix, which was further confirmed by the marked change of small‐ and large‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow behavior of the PLACNs before and after cold crystallization.CONCLUSION: The increase of the intercalation level of the tactoids is due to the diffuse in movement of the PLA chain segments during cold crystallization. In this case, chain‐end scission occurs more easily, especially for those PLA chains around the loose edge and defect site of the tactoids during crystallization, which results in a simultaneous degradation of the PLA matrix. Hence, both the linear and nonlinear dynamic viscoelastic properties show a remarkable change after cold crystallization. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Ageing of poly(lactic acid) films plasticized with commercial polyadipates
Authors: Martino Verónica P , Ruseckaite Roxana A , Jiménez Alfonso 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was plasticized with two polyadipates with different molar masses. Some physical properties were studied over time to evaluate the stability of these blends. The aim of this study was to improve PLA ductility and consider the feasibility of its use in flexible films for food packaging.RESULTS: The addition of polyadipates caused a decrease of the glass transition temperature (Tg) and an increase of PLA chain mobility. Samples with Tg values above the storage temperature suffered physical ageing with a reduction in free volume. All the unaged blends were mainly amorphous, but samples with Tg below the storage temperature developed crystallinity during ageing leading to phase separation. Ductile properties of films improved with plasticizer content immediately after blending, but there was a deterioration in such properties upon ageing due to matrix densification and crystallization of PLA chains.CONCLUSION: PLA can be efficiently plasticized by polyadipates and the results have shown that some of the prepared films remain flexible with no phase separation after 150 days. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel pyridyl‐substituted coumarin and its perchlorate salt–crystal structure and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Koleva B. B. , Nikolova R. , Zareva S. , Kolev T. , Seidel R. W. , Mayer‐Figge H. , Sheldrick W. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe novel pyridyl‐substituted coumarin (1) and its perchlorate salt (2) have been synthesized and their structure and properties elucidated in detail spectroscopically, thermally and structurally, using single crystal X‐ray diffraction for 2, linear‐polarized solid state IR‐spectroscopy, UV‐spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, DTA, and positive and negative ESI MS. Quantum chemical calculations were used to obtain the electronic structure, vibrational data and electronic spectra. The studied compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P‐1 and exhibits an infinite layered structure with the ions linked by means of the intermolecular N+H…OClO3 (2.795 Å) interactions. The cations are disposed in a manner leading to a significant π‐stacking effect with a distance of 2.980 Å. The effects of Npy protonation on the optical and magnetic properties are elucidated by comparing the data of the protonated and neutral compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the association between functional strain and emotional well‐being among a population‐based sample of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ashing‐Giwa Kimlin T. , Lim Jung‐Won 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective: Breast cancer survival and survivorship outcomes have improved dramatically; yet, there are still considerable morbidities associated with this illness. Functional strain is conceptualized as the unfavorable outcome of the functional well‐being domain of health‐related quality of life. This study intends to (1) examine the adequacy of the functional strain concept; (2) describe the level of functional strain and emotional well‐being by ethnicity and job types; and (3) investigate the salient functional strain components influencing emotional well‐being for breast cancer survivors (BCS) after controlling for ethnicity and job types.Methods: A cross‐sectional design with mixed sampling methods was used. BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Surveillance Program, hospital registries and community agencies in Southern California. Functional strain was measured by assessing family and work burdens.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis established the adequacy of the two factors (family and work burdens) defining the functional strain. Findings demonstrated significant differences in functional strain by ethnicity and job types. Latina‐Americans and homemakers/housewives showed the worst scores in functional strain variables. The final model examining the impact of functional strain components on emotional well‐being explained 34% of the variance of emotional well‐being.Conclusion: Findings suggest the impact of cancer on family and work life varies by ethnic and demographic characteristics, such that Latino ethnicity and homemaker/housewife status may be risk factors for functional strain. Our findings imply that functional strain provides a reasonable concept that can be used to deepen our understanding and examination of the impact of functional status on emotional well‐being. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of stress management skill to psychological distress and quality of life in adults with cancer
Authors: Faul Leigh Anne , Jim Heather S. , Williams Charles , Loftus Loretta , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: Distress is common among cancer patients, especially those undergoing chemotherapy. Although skill in stress management is often the target of intervention efforts, its relationship to distress and quality of life in patients about to begin cancer treatment has not been examined.Objective: To examine the relationship of pre‐treatment skill in stress management to patient distress and quality of life.Methods: One hundred and ten adults diagnosed with stage I–IV cancer and ECOG⩽2 provided data on perceived stress management skill, anxiety, depression, and health‐related quality of life prior to their initial chemotherapy infusion.Results: As predicted, greater skill in stress management was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression and better overall mental quality of life. These relationships were generally independent of demographic and clinical variables also found to be associated with distress and quality of life.Conclusions: Findings confirm that skill in stress management is related to pre‐chemotherapy distress and quality of life and suggest the importance of assessing this variable as part of efforts to link distressed patients to appropriate psychosocial services. Findings also raise the possibility that assessing extant stress management skills could be used to match patients to the type of intervention most likely to benefit them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gynaecologic cancer patients' needs and experiences of supportive health services in New Zealand
Authors: Walton Lisa M. , Reeve Jeanne , Brown Paul M. , Farquhar Cynthia M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Psychosocial care across the cancer continuum is a core component of quality gynaecologic cancer services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify needs for supportive care in a sample of New Zealand women and to understand to what extent they feel their needs are being met by health services.Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit women (n=28) diagnosed with a gynaecologic cancer. Unstructured interviews were conducted and a thematic analysis was performed.Results: Interviews revealed a range of shared and unique needs and support experiences. Three themes emerged reflecting participants' sense of control, need for validation of the cancer experience and organisation of their care. Findings suggest issues of continuity and coordination of care result in unmet support needs across the continuum of care, but primarily after treatment finishes.Conclusion: While broadly consistent with previous results, findings highlight the need for a patient‐focused, comprehensive, integrated approach to supportive cancer care encompassing diagnosis, treatment and long‐term recovery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA translocation between parasitic plants and their hosts
Authors: Westwood James H , Roney Jeannine K , Khatibi Piyum A , Stromberg Verlyn K 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent research indicates that RNA translocation occurs between certain parasitic plant species and their hosts. The movement of at least 27 mRNAs has been demonstrated between hosts andCuscuta pentagonaEngelm., with the largest proportion of these being regulatory genes. Movement of RNAi signals has been documented from hosts to the parasitesTriphysaria versicolor(Frisch & CA Mey) andOrobanche aegyptiaca(Pers.), demonstrating that the regulation of genes in one species can be influenced by transfer of RNA signals through a parasitic association. This review considers the implications of these findings in light of present understanding of host–parasite connections and the growing body of evidence that RNAs are able to act as signal molecules that convey regulatory information in a cell‐ and tissue‐specific manner. Together, this suggests that parasitic plants can exchange RNAs with their hosts, and that this may be part of the coordinated growth and development that occurs during the process of parasitism. This phenomenon offers promise for new insights into parasitic plants, and new opportunities for the control of parasitic weeds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Acaricidal properties of piperazine and its derivatives against house‐dust and stored‐food mites
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hoon , Kim Hyung‐Wook , Lee Hoi‐Seon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Piperazine derivatives possess pharmacological properties, yet the acaricidal activity of these compounds has not been investigated. This study was conducted to evaluate the colour alteration and acaricidal activity of piperazine derivatives against Dermatophagoides spp. and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) using filter paper and fumigant methods.RESULTS: In a fumigant bioassay, 1‐phenylpiperazine (7.83 µg cm−2) against D. farinae (Hughes) was found to be 4.7 times more toxic than DEET (36.84 µg cm−2), followed by benzyl benzoate (9.72 µg cm−2), piperazine (11.41 µg cm−2), 1‐ethoxycarbonylpiperazine (20.14 µg cm−2) and 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine (22.14 µg cm−2). In a filter paper bioassay, 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine (3.65 µg cm−2) was 5.7 times more toxic than DEET (20.64 µg cm−2), followed by 1‐ethoxycarbonylpiperazine (4.02 µg cm−2), 1‐phenylpiperazine (4.75 µg cm−2), benzyl benzoate (7.83 µg cm−2) and piperazine (10.59 µg cm−2). Similar results have been exhibited with piperazine derivatives against D. pteronyssinus (Troussart). However, no activity against T. putrescentiae was observed for piperazine derivatives, except for piperazine.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that piperazine derivatives may be suitable as vapour‐phase acaricide fumigants owing to their high volatility, acaricidal activity and safety. 1‐Phenylpiperazine was found to be an excellent mite indicator based on the colour change it induced. Taken together, these findings indicate that piperazine derivatives may be used to replace existing problematical acaricides owing to their activity and ability to act as a mite indicator. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The Hirsch index in manufacturing and Quality engineering
Authors: Franceschini Fiorenzo , Maisano Domenico A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Hirsch index (h) is a recent bibliometric indicator for assessing the research output of scientists. Its most remarkable characteristics are immediate intuitive meaning, effective synthesis and easy calculation. With few modifications, the use of this indicator can be profitably extended to other fields beyond bibliometrics. The main novelty of the paper is to suggest some potential applications in manufacturing and Quality engineering, focussing the attention on the h capacity to aggregate and synthesize the most commonly used metrics in these areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tandem mass spectrometric approach to the identification of O‐glycosylated glargine glycoforms in active pharmaceutical ingredient expressed in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Kannan Vivekanandan , Narayanaswamy Pradeep , Gadamsetty Deepak , Hazra Partha , Khedkar Anand , Iyer Harish 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGlycoforms of glargine expressed in Pichia pastoris were isolated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by a series of chemical and mass spectrometric methods for the identification of various glycoforms, glycosylation position, nature and structure of glycans. Reduction and alkylation, peptide mapping techniques were used to decipher the amino acid site at which glycosylation had taken place. Chemical methods were coupled with mass spectrometry techniques such as electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization for identification of the glycosylation site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New isotope ratio mass spectrometric method of precise δ37Cl determinations
Authors: Halas Stanislaw , Pelc Andrzej 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe most precise method of chlorine isotope analysis described to date is based on the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of chlorine quantitatively converted into chloromethane, CH3Cl. This gas can be produced from several chlorine‐containing compounds and analyzed by IRMS. However, the mass spectrum of chloromethane is rather complicated and the ratio of the most abundant ions (mass‐52/mass‐50) differs from the 37Cl/35Cl isotope ratio. This difference becomes significant when the δ${}^{37}{\rm Cl}$ exceeds 10‰. Moreover, the electron ionization source yields approximately 80% of all the ionic species at the useful masses 50 and 52. To overcome these drawbacks, we have devised a negative ion mass spectrometer which retains all the best features of IRMS, including a dual‐inlet system with changeover valve, dual collector assembly and CH3Cl gas as analyte. In the modified ion source we have replaced the ionization chamber with an electron beam by a metal tube with a hot metal filament inside it. Within this tube the 35Cl− and 37Cl− ions are produced with an efficiency dependent on the filament material and its temperature. No other ionic species were found in the mass spectrum except of traces at masses 26 and 28 at ppm levels, probably due to the formation of CN− and CO−. The minimal amount of Cl used in our method is of the order of 5 µmol (3 mg AgCl) and the precision is better than 0.005‰ (1σ). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.