bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Obscure Progress of Satire in Dryden's Late Preface
Authors: Cotterill Anne 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that Dryden uses the occasion of writing a history of satire, designed to introduce translations of Juvenal and Persius, to produce his longest dedication and critical essay, The Discourse of Satire (1692), with a potentially unflattering portrait of his old patron, the earl of Dorset, and William III's court carefully lodged at the center in the oddly prolonged trial of critical judgment between Horace and Juvenal. The length and difficult progress of this essay signal yet conceal the personal story behind the history. To Horace, Dryden assigns qualities of effeminate sycophancy and compromised accommodation to a usurping monarch, Augustus Caesar, qualities the poet must distance from himself, once the Stuarts' hired pen, but may attach subtly to Dorset — like Horace the courtier of a usurper. Dryden awards first prize in satire to the exile Juvenal whose masculine freedom of rage and digression the poet claims as his own.
Introduction to Part I
Authors: O'Brien Lucy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins with an explanation of the main focus of the book, namely the central aspects of self-consciousness. It then discusses a first-person reference, in particular it talks about two strategies one might take in response to the objection that an appeal to the self-reference principle will be insufficient to explain first-person reference: the reductionist strategy and the two-tier strategy. An inquiry into actions and self-knowledge and an overview of the chapters in this volume are presented.
On Knowing One's Own Actions
Authors: O'Brien Lucy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter presents a characterization of our knowledge of our own actions, and provides an account which is true to this characterization. It considers alternative accounts in order to facilitate the construction and motivation of the positive account that is offered. A critical element of the account offered is that our perceptual faculties, including bodily awareness, should not be viewed as direct sources for our knowledge of our actions, or at least of our basic actions.
Recruiting in the British Isles for mainland European armies
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
During the Thirty Years War, continental European armies recruited extensively in the British Isles, with religious allegiance often determining which army a recruit served in. Impressment was employed as a means of removing demobilized soldiers, vagrants, paupers, and other undesirable persons from the realm. But in Scotland and Ireland, lairds and clan chieftains could compel clansmen, kinsmen, and tenants to volunteer. The Scots comprised one-sixth of the Swedish army in the time of Gustavus Adolphus, while the Catholic Irish were encouraged by their priests and the English government in Ireland to serve in the Spanish and, after 1635, the French armies. Between 55,000 and 80,000 soldiers were recruited in the British Isles for service in the Thirty Years War. Service in particular foreign armies helped determine the allegiance of those who returned after 1638 to fight in the British and Irish civil wars, but the experience of English and Scots serving together in various mainland armies ultimately helped to forge a British identity.
The campus martius: the domestic school of war
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Lacking a standing army for home defence, England depended upon a select militia system which enrolled the more substantial householders and sent overseas those socially less desirable persons, whom the county and borough magistrates wished to be rid of. The training and modernization of the militia, begun in the mid-Elizabethan period, was neglected during the time of the Jacobean peace, but the outbreak of the Thirty Years War reminded Englishmen that the realm was exposed to invasion. This revived the debates about the wisdom of arming a tumultuous populace as well as the best model for reforming the trained bands. Rejecting the concept of a standing army, many looked for guidance to the Roman campus martius — not only because the reception of Machiavellian thought in England favoured citizen soldiers over mercenaries, but also because of the belief that the exercise of arms fostered moral virtue. The command of the county and borough trained bands would remain in the hands of lords lieutenant chosen from among noblemen and courtiers, who were, for the most part, amateurs rather than the professional and experienced soldiers who served as muster-masters and drilled the militia.
Raising and organizing standing armies
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The first standing armies in the British Isles which contained experienced officers and could deploy sizeable field forces were the Scots Covenanting Army and the English New Model Army. The latter gradually displaced the English associational armies and eventually conquered the Three Kingdoms, and imposed a republican political settlement. Officers who were willing to learn by experience and reading military treatises came to appreciate that an expert knowledge obtained by training and drill were more valuable on the battlefield than valour and superior numbers. Many novice officers developed a more professional attitude to the business of war, but a high degree of politicization among both officers and men continued to disrupt discipline and contributed to political instability. Nonetheless, improved sources of finance and supply strengthened the military and naval forces and enabled the Commonwealth and Protectorate to lay claim to great-power status.
The decay of the militia
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The reception of Machiavellian thought in the Three Kingdoms exercised a powerful influence on the concept of a civic militia. Only in the British Isles did politically articulate people still seriously view a militia as an alternative to a standing army in the latter part of the 17th century. Despite the widespread hatred and mistrust of standing armies as instruments of absolutism and tyranny, the county militias of England were in decline as effective military forces for the defence of the realm, while the militias of Ireland and Scotland were only sporadically activated and lacked continuity. As the militia ceased to be a tactical military arm, it continued to function as a kind of constabulary and was employed for breaking conventicles, disarming papists, and keeping order in urban areas. Despite the general decay of the militia, the later Stuart monarchs thought that it was important to control the trained bands of London and the Honourable Artillery Company. The Irish militia was full of Old Cromwellians and nonconformists, and James II regarded it as disloyal. The Scottish militia served the Presbyterian interest in riding down religious dissidents.
The descent on England
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
A profound alteration of England’s foreign and military policies in 1689 led to a century and more of global warfare with France which ended only in 1815. This reorientation of British priorities was accomplished not by the Glorious or bloodless Revolution of Whig mythology, but by a Dutch invasion of England resulting from the largest joint military and naval amphibious operation ever launched in early modern Europe. The decision to declare the throne of England vacant and to offer the crown to William III, prince of Orange, and thus commit England to a mainland war, was taken by the Convention Parliament while London was under Dutch military occupation. James II, whose courage had been so resolute in earlier military and naval battles, lost heart as his senior officers deserted, and he and his army never offered resistance.
The Nine Years War
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
William III persuaded the English Parliament to enter the war against Louis XIV in defence of Protestant liberties, and to expand the English army to a size five times larger than Charles II’s forces had been in 1685. The war was welcomed by those who thought that participation restored English honour after a long period of military decay. Participation in the Nine Years War also signified that English diplomatic and military priorities had shifted from preventing mainland European powers from interfering in Ireland or Scotland to obstructing the ambitions of hostile powers on the European continent and in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Caribbean. The financial and manpower demands of the Nine Years War and succeeding global wars necessitated the parliamentary union of England and Scotland, the creation of a fiscal-military state, and the impressment of men for land as well as naval forces. Popular resistance to these extreme measures led to recruiting riots and Jacobite resistance, and revived the old debates about the dangers of standing armies.
The Making of Modern Management
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that started around 1870, when new organizational structures and managerial systems and skills became necessary. It focuses on manufacturing and larger-scale business, since these are the areas which have caused the greatest controversy about the weaknesses displayed by British industry in comparison to other countries such as the USA, Germany, and later Japan in the move to managerial capitalism. The book uses two main sets of explanatory factors. First, it uses a wide range of twenty-six ‘drivers’ or influences on the development of management, which are brought together in three categories (technological-cum-market; institutional/cultural; and business policy and practice). Second, it takes up four main themes that explain why Britain may have fallen behind: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry; and the slow transition towards professionalism. The twelve chapters in the book are divided into five sections in which management is analysed according to different perspectives: a scene-setting and theoretical introduction; a focus on organizational development; a contextual focus concentrating on managers as a group; a focus on key managerial functions; and a concluding chapter which reflects on the recent changes in the themes.
A Theoretical and Thematic Framework
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools into which writers on management thought can be broken down; and the ways in which managers themselves have approached problems. The second part provides a theoretical base. Initially, it reviews three models of organizational structures: Chandlerian internalization of decision-making; resource dependency-based or externalization-oriented; and a socially constructed approach. The main drivers of change are then identified. Finally, the four themes of the book are introduced: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; management, organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry and management; and the slow transition to professionalism.
Managerial Thought and Institutions
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter discusses two important dimensions of managerial professionalism. The first is the predominant framework of management thought and the emergence of a managerial knowledge base in Britain, arguing that for the most part, British management lacked either a coherent system of thought or a generic knowledge base. There was a weakness in the technical aspects of its role, including its knowledge base, while its system of beliefs was dominated by a defensive set of attitudes concerned with establishing managerial legitimacy vis-à-vis both society at large and the workforce. The second dimension is the role of professional management institutes, especially the central institute in management history, which all took a long time to achieve recognition compared to other professions. It is argued that even now, the process of professionalization remains incomplete.
The Practice of Management—Accounting and Finance
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLarger organizations required firms to develop financial control and information systems as essential elements in their internal monitoring systems, but this proved more problematic in Britain than other countries, not least because of poor planning and control of the production process, and the frequent failure of management to provide appropriate information until well after the middle of the twentieth century. However, the chartered accountancy profession, and to a lesser extent the management accountants, benefited greatly from this inadequacy. After establishing such a strong position in managerial hierarchies, this also laid the basis for a final evolutionary stage, namely, the emergence of financial capitalism after 1970 when City interests came to dominate strategy and structure in the largest firms.
Compositionality and Merger Representations
Authors: Jaszczolt K.M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter contains the exposition of the new theory of default Semantics. It is proposed that the problems with compositionality of meaning can be solved when compositionality is viewed ‘one level higher’ as pertaining to merger representations — semantic representations that are a product of the synthesis of information about meaning coming from various sources, such as word meaning, sentence structure, conscious pragmatic inference, cognitive defaults, and social-cultural defaults. Cognitive principles underlying such mergers are proposed, and the foundations of a metalanguage for formalization in relational semantics are specified.
The Myth of Sentential Connectives?
Authors: Jaszczolt K.M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the Gricean legacy in the domain of sentential connectives and proposes a more cognitively plausible account of them in terms of merger representations. For example, conditional perfection of if to ‘if and only if’ is regarded as too strong a rule to capture the process of interpretation of sentences with a conditional. It is argued that sentential connectives do not constitute a self-contained, interesting category as far as their processing is concerned.
Foreign Elites at Rome
Authors: Bowersock G. W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter looks at Josephus’ literary career in Rome as part of a larger trend, which involved an increasing imperial interest in luring members of the foreign elite to the city within the context of the patron-client relationship. Examples of such men were the Syrian Nicolaus of Damascus, court historian to King Herod the Great during the first century BCE, and Antiochus IV of Commagene, a client king who helped Vespasian’s forces in the Judean War of 66-73 CE. Similarly, this chapter argues that Josephus was closely enmeshed within the Roman elite because of his usefulness as a cultural mediator, a role which had both socio-political and strategic value. Roman interest in the stability of the eastern frontier of the Empire meant an increasing interest in its resident cultures. Josephus’ role was realized through his production of a ‘new kind of historiography’ never before seen at Rome, which portrayed Roman values within the context of Judean history and vice-versa.
Josephus and Greek Literature in Flavian Rome
Authors: Jones Christopher P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter explores the ways in which Josephus’ rhetorical style of historical writing was influenced by other Greek writers in the Flavian period. It is somewhat difficult to locate such writers at Rome precisely during Josephus’ residence in the city. The chapter underlines the prologue to the Judaean War, where Josephus responds to previous histories of the war, some likely to have been in Greek, which he thought of poor quality. It argues that Josephus was particularly influenced by Dio Chrysostom, the orator from Prusa in Bithynia, and Plutarch, the philosopher and priest from Chaeronea in Boeotia. Dio’s Alexandrian oration, for example, may have been used by Josephus as a model for his narrative of the tension between Judeans and Greeks in that city in his Judaean Antiquities. As for Plutarch, the chapter maintains that Josephus was particularly influenced by his imperial biographies. However, Domitian’s eventual persecution of Judaean sympathizers likely forced Josephus into literary isolation.
Corporate Strategy and Systems Integration Capabilities
Authors: Prencipe Andrea 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter identifies two analytical categories of systems integration in multi-technology multi-component products, namely synchronic and diachronic. Synchronic systems integration refers to the technological capabilities required to set the product concept design, decompose it, coordinate the network of suppliers, and then recompose the product within a given family. Diachronic systems integration refers to the technological capabilities to envisage and move progressively towards different and alternative paths of product architectures (i.e., new product families) to meet evolving customer requirements.
Towards a Dynamics of Modularity
Authors: Chesbrough Henry 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Our understanding of the interaction between technological structure and organizational structure has made many advances. This chapter argues that a more dynamic conception of the relationship is necessary in order to capture important elements that otherwise go unnoticed. Illustrations of a dynamic conception are offered, based on empirical research in the disk-drive industry. Organizational traps may emerge, in that companies are not properly aligned with their technologies, but adaptation is difficult. Path-dependent behaviours can result, which intensify these traps.
The Geography of Systems Integration
Authors: Best Michael H. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter presents a new model of technology management and regional innovation based on the principle of systems integration. The principle of systems integration is manifested in the organizational capability of firms — individually and networked — to foster rapid technological change. The effect is a network or cluster of entrepreneurial firms in which design is decentralized within the enterprise and diffused amongst networked enterprises. The combination of entrepreneurial firms and inter-firm networks fosters a range of dynamic cluster processes that, in turn, underlie the growth of Silicon Valley and the unexpected resurgence of Boston's Route 128.
Changing Boundaries of Innovation Systems
Authors: McKelvey Maureen 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses the issue of the changing boundaries of system integration competencies between different actors. It is argued that many complex, knowledge-intensive innovations are not only systemic in the sense of requiring many components and interactions, but they must also be analysed as a situation where final demand requires a bundling of goods and services. Demand therefore must be analysed as an integrated set of goods and services. A multi-sectoral comparison is made, as the bundling of goods and services is visible in such diverse areas as building and construction, health care management, biotechnology, and telecommunication infrastructures.
Introduction
Authors: Avgerou Chrisanthi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis introductory chapter explains the aim of the book, which is to contribute to the opening of research on information systems and organizational change to accommodate meanings and concerns manifested in the diverse organizational contexts into which ICT is implemented. It presents the rationale for putting emphasis on diversity in the context of globalization, and introduces the fundamental theoretical tenets of the book. Specifically, it explains the choice of a socialized conception of organizations and information systems innovation, the study of innovation processes in their context, and the adoption of a critical theoretical approach. The book is structured into two parts: the first elaborating its theoretical perspective, and the second drawing empirical evidence from four case studies to form and support the book’s argument on diversity regarding ICT and organizational change.
An Experiment of Flexible Specialization in Cyprus
Authors: Avgerou Chrisanthi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines a ten-year effort to reform the furniture manufacturing sector of Cyprus, according to the industrial model of flexible specialization. The reform initiative involved the setting up of information services and the development of information systems to strengthen the management of the furniture manufacturing SMEs and their consortia. However, little innovation took place and the whole reform experiment was abandoned in the mid-1990s. The analysis of the case examines how the theory of flexible specialization considered information systems innovation as a prerequisite of good management. It is argued that management and formal information processing and communication were alien and threatening to the owners of the small production firms, whose life values and entrepreneurial competencies could not be stretched to enable the promotion of export-oriented business.
Recht as een Palmen-Bohm and Other Facets of Gellius' Medieval and Humanistic Reception
Authors: Holford-Strevens Leofranc 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter begins by tracing the separate transmission of Gellius' chapter on the ability of palm-wood, reinterpreted as the palm-tree to resist pressure, which proved congenial to Christians for its moral message and their own association of the palm with martyrdom. It is found in florilegia, emblem-books, and even the song ‘Anke van Tharaw’. It is also present in John of Salisbury, from whom it passed into a sermon by Guibert of Tournai, along with other matter from John wrongly ascribed to Gellius. Attention is then paid to fragmentary manuscripts, including a 12th-century bifolium now in Brussels, and copies known to have existed but now lost, one of which was the source of a manuscript now in the Vatican Library (and itself the source of one in Milan) that ends with a tribute to the conciliar Pope Alexander V.
'What Constitutes a Historical Explanation?': Metahistory and the Limits of Historical Explanation in the Goldhagen/Browning Controversy
Authors: Eaglestone Robert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter explores the limits of historical explanation by offering an analysis of the controversy between Daniel Jonah Goldhagen and Christopher Browning. It argues that it is their metahistorical commitments, not the ‘facts of the matter’ that mean they are in dispute. Goldhagen takes an anthropological approach, influenced by Clifford Geertz, and writes an explicitly moral ethnographic history. On the other hand, Browning offers a more traditional historical approach. However, Browning's reference to and reliance on the flawed Milgram authority experiments reveal an ahistorical view of humanity and history. This chapter argues that these two approaches cannot be unified, and this reveals the central importance of philosophical questions for history. It turns to Michel Foucault and Jurgen Habermas to suggest theoretical avenues for further Holocaust historical research.