bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Obesity on Gonadotropin, Estradiol, and Inhibin B Levels in Fertile Women
Authors: De Pergola Giovanni , Maldera Simona , Tartagni Massimo , Pannacciulli Nicola , Loverro Giuseppe , Giorgino Riccardo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine whether obesity and insulin resistance have an independent effect on the gonadotropin, estradiol, and inhibin B serum levels and follicle count in the early follicular phase of fertile women with a wide range of BMI and without signs of hyperandrogenism.Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty‐two overweight and obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) women and 10 normal‐weight (BMI <25.0 kg/m2) women, all having apparently normal fertility, were studied. Serum concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, inhibin B, and insulin, level of insulin resistance (estimated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance), and follicle count were measured during the early follicular phase (Days 2 to 5 of the menstrual cycle).Results: Overweight women showed lower FSH (p < 0.001), LH (p < 0.001), and inhibin B (p < 0.05) levels compared with normal‐weight women, whereas estradiol concentrations and follicle count were not significantly different between the two groups. When normal‐weight and overweight women were examined as a group and multiple regression analyses were performed, estradiol showed a negative association with BMI (or waist circumference) (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation with LH (p < 0.05) and FSH (p < 0.05); inhibin B maintained a positive association only with estradiol (p < 0.05); and FSH and LH showed a negative correlation with BMI (or waist circumference) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively).Discussion: Overweight and obese fertile women have lower FSH, LH, inhibin B, and estradiol levels in the early follicular phase, with a possible direct inhibitory effect of body mass on gonadotropin and estradiol production, independently of age, insulin (concentrations and sensitivity), and other hormones. By contrast, the number of ovary follicles does not seem to be influenced by insulin and body mass in these patients.
A Simple Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Protocol for Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Frezza Eldo E. , Wachtel Mitchell S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Pulmonary embolism is a leading cause of death for bariatric patients. Numerous regimens have been proposed, but a comprehensive, simple approach is lacking. This study provides a simple, easily implemented prophylaxis regimen.Research Methods and Procedures: One hundred fifty bariatric surgery patients were evaluated. Patients considered at high risk for venous thromboembolism had heart failure, a BMI of ≥50 kg/m2, or a history of venous thromboembolism or pelvic surgery. Preoperatively and postoperatively, all patients received subcutaneous enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin. High‐risk patients received either preoperatively inserted inferior vena cava filters or continuous heparin infusions intraoperatively. All high‐risk patients were anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin; Bristol Myers‐Squibb, Princeton, NJ) for at least 3 months postoperatively. Initially, some patients experienced significant hemorrhage; to prevent this, sutures were oversewn into staple lines.Results: No patient experienced venous thromboembolism; a binomial test showed that the regimen reduced the risk of this complication to less than 2% (p < 0.05). Hemorrhage sufficient to require transfusion occurred in 4 of the first 20 patients; of the remaining 130 patients, into whose staple lines sutures were oversewn, none required transfusion (p < 0.05).Discussion: Patients should be divided into those who are at high risk and those who are at low risk for venous thromboembolism. All patients should receive pre‐ and postoperative anticoagulation. High‐risk patients should also receive either an inferior vena cava filter or intraoperative heparin infusions, as well as at least 3 months of Coumadin therapy. Oversewing of staple lines may reduce the risk of hemorrhage.
Soda Consumption and Overweight Status of 2‐Year‐Old Mexican‐American Children in California
Authors: Warner Marcella L. , Harley Kim , Bradman Asa , Vargas Gloria , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The prevalence of overweight in United States children, 2 to 5 years old, has increased 2‐fold since 1975, with the highest prevalence in Mexican Americans. The objective of this study was to determine the association between current soda consumption and overweight in 2‐year‐old Mexican‐American children.Research Methods and Procedures: The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study is a longitudinal study of the health of low‐income Latino pregnant women and their children living in the Salinas Valley, CA. Six hundred pregnant women were enrolled (October 1999 to October 2000), and their children were followed until 2 years of age. This cross‐sectional analysis includes the 354 children who completed the 2‐year follow‐up interview. Standing height (centimeters) and weight (grams) were measured at 2 years. Overweight was defined as ≥95th percentile of the sex‐specific BMI for each child's age.Results: Fifty‐five (15.5%) children were overweight. Over half (56%) reported consuming any soda in the last week. After covariate adjustment, compared with no soda consumption, <1 soda/d was not related to overweight (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.47, 1.99), but ≥1 soda/d was significantly associated with overweight (adjusted odds ratio, 3.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.43, 8.07), and the test for trend was significant (p = 0.02).Discussion: At 2 years of age, the prevalence of overweight among the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas cohort is higher than the national prevalence estimate for Mexican‐American 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children and is significantly associated with current soda consumption. Interventions to reduce consumption of soda in young Mexican‐American children should be considered.
Health‐Related Quality of Life and Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese U.S. Adults, 2001 to 2002
Authors: Bish Connie L. , Blanck Heidi Michels , Maynard L. Michele , Serdula Mary K. , Thompson Nancy J. , Khan Laura Kettel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the prevalence and association of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) with trying to lose weight and with weight loss practices (eating fewer calories, physical activity, and both) among overweight and obese U.S. adults ≥ 20 years of age.Research Methods and Procedures: This study used data from the 2001 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a continuous annual survey of the civilian non‐institutionalized U.S. population. This analysis included those ≥ 20 years of age with BMI ≥ 25 (n = 2578) who responded to four standard HRQOL measures that assessed general health status and recent physical health, mental health, and activity limitation.Results: Among obese men, but not women, there were significant increasing linear trends in the adjusted prevalence of trying to lose weight as physically unhealthy and activity limitation days increased. Regardless of BMI or HRQOL, reducing calories was a common weight loss practice (66% to 86%). Except for recent activity limitation, respondents with BMI ≥ 35 did not generally differ by HRQOL level in the attainment of recommended physical activity either alone or in combination with reduced calories, whereas those in the BMI 25 to 34.9 groups often differed significantly by HRQOL level. Specifically, increased unhealthy or activity limitation days were associated with reduced prevalence of attained physical activity.Discussion: Our findings indicate an association between trying to lose weight and a greater number of unhealthy days reported by obese men, suggesting that these men may be influenced by traditional clinical weight‐loss counseling that is prompted by weight and comorbidity, whereas women had a high prevalence of trying to lose weight irrespective of weight and HRQOL. Assessment of HRQOL, especially measures that evaluate physical domains, could provide subjective information to assist with weight counseling.
Comparison of Three Bioelectrical Impedance Methods with DXA in Overweight and Obese Men
Authors: Pateyjohns Ian R. , Brinkworth Grant D. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Noakes Manny , Clifton Peter M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of body composition using three different methods against DXA in overweight and obese men.Research Methods and Procedures: Forty‐three healthy overweight or obese men (ages 25 to 60 years; BMI, 28 to 43 kg/m2) underwent BIA assessment of body composition using the ImpediMed SFB7 (version 6; ImpediMed, Ltd., Eight Mile Plains, Queensland, Australia) in multifrequency mode (Imp‐MF) and DF50 single‐frequency mode (Imp‐SF) and the Tanita UltimateScale (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Validity was assessed by comparison against DXA using linear regression and limits of agreement analysis.Results: All three BIA methods showed good relative agreement with DXA [Imp‐MF: fat mass (FM), r2 = 0.81; fat‐free mass (FFM), r2 = 0.81; percentage body fat (BF%), r2 = 0.69; Imp‐SF: FM, r2 = 0.65; FFM, r2 = 0.76; BF%, r2 = 0.40; Tanita: BF%, r2 = 0.44; all p < 0.001]. Absolute agreement between DXA and Imp‐MF was poor, as indicated by a large bias and wide limits of agreement (bias, ±1.96 standard deviation; FM, −6.6 ± 7.7 kg; FFM, 8.0 ± 7.1 kg; BF%, −7.0 ± 6.6%). Imp‐SF and Tanita exhibited a smaller bias but wide limits of agreement (Imp‐SF: FM, −1.1 ± 8.5 kg; FFM, 2.5 ± 7.9 kg; BF%, −1.7 ± 7.3% Tanita: BF%, 1.2 ± 9.5%).Discussion: Compared with DXA, Imp‐MF produced large bias and wide limits of agreement, and its accuracy estimating body composition in overweight or obese men was poor. Imp‐SF and Tanita demonstrated little bias and may be useful for group comparisons, but their utility for assessment of body composition in individuals is limited.
Converging Prevalences of Obesity across Educational Groups in Switzerland
Authors: Wolff Hans , Delhumeau Cecile , Beer‐Borst Sigrid , Golay Alain , Costanza Michael C. , Morabia Alfredo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess whether the rapid increase in obesity prevalence among persons with higher education levels observed in one U.S. study is also observed in a European adult population.Research Methods and Procedures: This study involved continuous surveillance of the adult population of Geneva, Switzerland (1993 to 2004), with annual random, independent, cross‐sectional, representative samples (6635 men and 6558 women, ages 35 to 74 years) and analysis of 12‐year trends in obesity prevalence across educational level subgroups.Results: Obesity prevalence in men had an upward trend in the medium education subgroup (p < 0.02), a borderline upward trend in the high education subgroup (p < 0.08), but no trend in the low education subgroup. There was a borderline trend interaction between the male low and medium education subgroups (p < 0.09). Obesity prevalence in women had a borderline increase in the low education subgroup (p < 0.08), an almost borderline increase in the high education subgroup (p = 0.11), but no significant trend in the medium education subgroup. There was no evidence of trend interaction between the female education groups.Discussion: In Geneva, as in the United States, the inverse association between education level and obesity rates has weakened over time among men, but, inconsistent with the U.S. findings, has persisted for women. Explanations may include more physically demanding occupations for men with low education levels and different attitudes toward body image between the sexes.
Relationship of Body Size and Shape to the Development of Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors:   The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: We report the effects of several different measures of body size at baseline on the subsequent development of diabetes. High levels of body fat predict the onset of diabetes, but this association has not been previously reported in a large multiethnic population of overweight or obese people with impaired glucose tolerance.Research Methods and Procedures: Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and skinfolds were measured at baseline in 3234 participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to treat individuals with impaired glucose tolerance with placebo, metformin, or a lifestyle modification program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of baseline body size variables on the development of diabetes.Results: Over an average of 3.2 years in both the placebo and lifestyle groups, baseline waist circumference had the highest or second highest R2 value for predicting diabetes in both sexes. Cox hazard ratios per 1 standard deviation were 1.43 and 1.49 for men in the placebo or lifestyle groups, respectively, and 1.29 and 1.53 for women in the placebo and lifestyle groups, respectively, adjusted for age and self‐reported race/ethnicity. The c‐statistic from the receiver operating characteristic curves also favored the waist circumference in men and women in the lifestyle group and men in the placebo group. No components of body size were predictive in the metformin‐treated group, and metformin compared with the placebo group was effective in preventing diabetes only in individuals with a BMI ≥35 kg/m2 or a waist circumference ≥98.0 cm.Discussion: Large waist circumference was a better predictor of risk for developing diabetes than most other measures in the placebo and lifestyle groups. No baseline measure of body size or shape predicted risk of diabetes in the metformin‐treated group.
A Visfatin Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Low‐Grade Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Gottardo Lucia , Thompson Ryan , Powers Christine , Nolan David , Duffy Jill , Marescotti Maria Cristina , Avogaro Angelo , Doria Alessandro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVisfatin (also known as pre‐B cell colony‐enhancing factor, or PBEF) is a pro‐inflammatory adipokine expressed predominantly in visceral fat. We investigated whether polymorphisms at the visfatin/PBEF locus influence the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Linkage disequilibrium analysis of 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the entire gene (34.7 kb) plus 20.5 kb of the upstream region and 25.5 kb of the downstream region revealed a single haplotype block that could be tagged by seven single nucleotide polymorphisms. These seven tags were typed in a group of T2D patients (n = 814) and a group of non‐diabetic controls (n = 320) of white origin. A significant association was observed at −948C>A, with minor allele frequencies of 0.157 in T2D cases and 0.119 in non‐diabetic controls (p = 0.021). In a non‐diabetic population (n = 630), the same −948 allele that conferred increased risk of T2D was significantly associated with higher plasma levels of fibrinogen and C‐reactive protein (p = 0.0022 and 0.0038, respectively). However, no significant associations were observed with BMI, waist circumference, serum glucose levels, or fasting insulin levels. Our findings suggest that the visfatin/PBEF gene may play a role in determining T2D susceptibility, possibly by modulating chronic, low‐grade inflammatory responses.
A High‐Fat Diet Has a Tissue‐Specific Effect on Adiponectin and Related Enzyme Expression
Authors: Barnea Maayan , Shamay Avi , Stark Aliza H. , Madar Zecharia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: This study was designed to test whether adiponectin plays a role in diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance and acts as a mediator to induce or inhibit specific metabolic pathways involved in lipid metabolismResearch Methods and Procedures: Forty C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a high‐fat (HF) or control diet for 4 months, and adiponectin, its receptors, and enzyme expression in liver and muscle tissue were measured.Results: Mice fed the HF diet exhibited significantly greater weight gain, abnormal oral glucose tolerance test curves, and elevated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (5.3 ± 0.89 vs. 2.8 ± 0.39). A significant reduction of adiponectin RNA expression (51%) and protein levels (15%) was observed in the adipose tissue of HF animals; however, serum adiponectin levels did not differ between groups (7.12 ± 0.34 μg/mL vs. 6.44 ± 0.38 μg/mL). Expression of hepatic mRNA of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was reduced by 15% and 25%, respectively, in animals fed the HF diet. In contrast, receptor mRNA expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 increased by 25% and 30%, respectively, in muscle tissue. No effect was found on hepatic adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase expression; however, a significant reduction of phosphoadenosine monophosphate kinase levels in muscles was observed. Hepatic acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase was similar between groups, but in muscles, the inactive form phosphoacetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase was significantly reduced (p < 0.05).Discussion: The HF diet led to decreased insulin sensitivity accompanied by impaired activity of adiponectin‐related enzymes in skeletal muscles but not in the liver. These results suggest that the HF diet has a tissue‐specific effect on adiponectin and associated enzyme expression.
Leptin, Superoxide Dismutase, and Weight Loss: Initial Leptin Predicts Weight Loss
Authors: Shih Ling‐Ying , Liou Tsan‐Hon , Chao Jane C.‐J. , Kau Hsin‐Nung , Wu Yi‐Jiun , Shieh Ming‐Jer , Yeh Ching‐Ying , Han Bor‐Cheng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Our goal was to study how plasma leptin concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and weight loss are related in obese adults.Research Methods and Procedures: Serum leptin concentration, SOD activities, general biochemical data, and body composition measurements were obtained for 62 overweight and obese subjects before and after an 8‐week body weight reduction (BWR) regimen. The subjects were on dietary control, performed moderate aerobic and strength training exercises, and attended educational lectures.Results: The measurement results indicated that the following criteria were significantly reduced: body weight [84.4 ± 17.0 vs. 79.3 ± 16.1 (standard error) kg, p < 0.001]; BMI (31.5 ± 4.3 vs. 29.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and fat mass (33.3 ± 10.0 vs. 29.8 ± 10.4 kg, p < 0.001). Plasma leptin levels also significantly decreased from 31.5 ± 17.6 to 26.5 ± 17.2 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Additionally, SOD activity was significantly increased from 261.4 ± 66.0 to 302.7 ± 30.9 U/mL (p < 0.001). Based on linear regression analysis results, a 3.78‐ to 8.13‐kg reduction in weight can be expected after the 8‐week BWR regimen when initial leptin concentration was 5 to 30 ng/mL.Discussion: We found that an 8‐week exercise and diet program was effective in reducing weight and fat mass and, notably, had further beneficial effects on leptin resistance and SOD activity. Additionally, this study demonstrated that initial plasma leptin concentration may be used as a predictor for weight loss outcome.
Resistin Concentrations in Murine Adipose Tissue and Serum Measured by a New Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Fujinami Aya , Ohta Kiyoe , Matsui Hidehito , Kitada Naoko , Kitaura Yuko , Kawahara Yuji , Obayashi Hiroshi , Kuno Sadako , Nakamura Naoto , Ohta Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: In an attempt to clarify the conflicting data on resistin mRNA expression and protein analysis by western blotting in adipose tissue and serum, we developed a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for direct measurement of mouse resistin.Research Methods and Procedures: We developed polyclonal antibodies directed to the N (21 to 40) and C (79 to 91) termini of mouse resistin. Then, affinity‐purified anti‐C‐terminal resistin immunoglobin G (IgG) was biotinylated. ELISA was based on the sandwiching of antigen between antibody IgG coated on polystyrene plates and biotinylated antibody IgG. The bound biotinylated antibody was quantified with streptavidin‐linked horseradish peroxidase.Results: New ELISA can measure a concentration as low as 0.5 ng/mL of recombinant mouse resistin and is sensitive and specific enough to measure resistin protein in various adipose tissues and in sera. In normal mice, decreases in resistin concentrations in both white adipose tissue and serum were age dependent during 6 to 24 weeks of development. Resistin concentrations were significantly higher in omental adipose tissue in comparison with perirenal and abdominal adipose tissues and were 2‐ to 5‐fold higher in females than males during the growth period. ob/ob mice had significantly lower resistin concentrations than the control mice in both sera and the white adipose tissues, particularly in the omental fat. The treatment by testosterone, but not progesterone or β‐estradiol, in cultured adipocytes reduces resistin protein levels in a dose‐dependent manner.Discussion: New sensitive ELISA for mouse resistin clarified that the resistin concentrations in normal mice were markedly elevated in the omental adipose depots as compared with the perirenal and abdominal adipocyte depots and significantly elevated compared with adipose tissues in genetically obese mice.
Does Dieting Lead to Weight Gain? A Four‐Year Longitudinal Study of Middle School Girls
Authors: Senf Janet H. , Shisslak Catherine M. , Crago Marjorie A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: A majority of the published longitudinal research on children has reported that dieting is related to weight gain at a later point in time. The purpose of this study was to look at weight control behaviors and patterns of weight gain and loss, specifically whether dieting is related to weight gain.Research Methods and Procedures: Baseline data were collected from 1358 female students in grades 6 to 9 from schools in Hayward, CA, and Tucson, AZ. Data were obtained annually over a 4‐year period. Paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires and height and weight were obtained during the students’ regular classroom periods. Dieting was measured both with the single item, “In the past year, how often have you been on a diet to lose weight?” scored from “never” to “always,” and with a Dieting Behavior Scale including five items on weight control behaviors. Changes in BMI z‐scores were analyzed.Results: On average, girls who reported “never” dieting were most likely to have an increased BMI z‐score at the next measurement, and those who reported “always” dieting were most likely to have a decreased BMI z‐score. The same pattern was true for the Dieting Behavior Scale.Discussion: Our finding that dieting and weight gain were not related, independently of initial BMI, does not mean that dieting to lose weight is appropriate, especially among young girls. Additional research is needed both to examine this relationship and to determine exactly what behaviors children are engaging in when they report that they are dieting.