bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in feline vaccine site-associated sarcomas
Authors: Sorensen Kara C. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Schaeffer David J. , Mardis Paul E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To screen for expression of 9 predominant members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, including membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in primary tumor tissue biopsy specimens of vaccine site-associated sarcomas (VSS) in cats and compare expression profiles of VSS with expression profiles of non-VSS and carcinomas.Sample Population—31 primary tumor tissue biopsy specimens and 6 nontumor (normal) tissue biopsy specimens.Procedure—Tissue specimens were obtained from primary tumor biopsy specimens of cats. Primers for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay were designed on the basis of known sequences. Data were analyzed for patterns of expression of MMPs, MT-MMPs, and TIMPs. Differences in expression patterns were evaluated among cats of differing genders, ages, metastasis status, and overall survival durations, and between cats with VSS and cats with non-VSS tumor types.Results—A total of 31 primary tumor tissue biopsy specimens and 6 nontumor (normal) tissue biopsy specimens were screened for the presence of 6 MMPs and 3 TIMPs. Matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP expression was found in non-VSS, carcinomas, and VSS. No significant differences were found in patterns of expression among tumor types. Metastasis was found to be the only predictive factor for overall survival duration. A significant correlation was found between MMP2 and MT-MMP16 expression and overall duration of survival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The identification of MMPs in feline VSS supports an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis for this tumor. Expression of MMP2 and MT-MMP16 were correlated with survival time in our study. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:373–379)
Effect of various distal ring-block configurations on the biomechanical properties of circular external skeletal fixators for use in dogs and cats
Authors: Cross Alan R. , Lewis Daniel D. , Rigaud Steve , Rapoff Andrew J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate mediolateral, axial, torsional, and craniocaudal bending behavior of 6 distal ring-block configurations commonly used to stabilize short juxta-articular bone segments in small animals.Sample Population—8 circular external skeletal fixator constructs of each of 6 distal ring-block configurations. The distal ring-block configurations were composed of combinations of complete rings, incomplete rings, and drop wires.Procedure—Constructs were nondestructively loaded in axial compression, craniocaudal bending, mediolateral bending, and torsional loading by use of a materials testing machine. Gap stiffness was determined by use of the resultant load displacement curve.Results—Circular external skeletal fixator configurations and constructs significantly affected gap stiffness in all testing modes. Within each loading mode, gap stiffness was significantly different among most configurations. In general, complete ring configurations were significantly stiffer than similar incomplete ring configurations, and addition of a drop wire to a configuration significantly increased stiffness of that configuration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When regional anatomic structures permit, the use of complete ring configurations is preferred over incomplete ring configurations. When incomplete ring configurations are used, the addition of a drop wire is recommended. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:393–398)
In vitro efficacy of ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, foscarnet, idoxuridine, and acyclovir against feline herpesvirus type-1
Authors: Maggs David J. , Clarke Heather E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To establish the in vitro efficacy of 4 novel drugs (ie, ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, and foscarnet) against feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) and compare their antiviral efficacy with that of acyclovir and idoxuridine.Sample Population—Cultured Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and FHV-1 strain 727.Procedure—For each drug, antiviral effect was estimated by use of conventional plaque-reduction assays, and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50; drug concentration at which plaque numbers were reduced by 50% relative to the number of plaques for nontreated control wells) was calculated. To determine whether observed antiviral effects were related to alterations in the number or viability of CRFK cells, cytotoxicity assays were performed at 1, 2, and 10 times the median IC50for each antiviral drug.Results—Median IC50for each drug was as follows: ganciclovir, 5.2µM; cidofovir, 11.0µM; penciclovir, 13.9µM; foscarnet, 232.9µM; idoxuridine, 4.3µM; and acyclovir, 57.9µM. Obvious changes in morphologic characteristics, confluence, or viability of CRFK cells were not observed at concentrations up to and including 2 times the IC50for each drug.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In vitro efficacy of idoxuridine and ganciclovir against FHV-1 was approximately equivalent and about twice that of cidofovir and penciclovir. Foscarnet appeared to be comparatively ineffective. Given the reasonable clinical efficacy of idoxuridine in cats infected with FHV-1, clinical trials of ganciclovir, cidofovir, and penciclovir or their prodrug forms appear to be warranted. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:399–403)
Diversity of Salmonella serovars in feedyard and nonfeedyard playas of the Southern High Plains in the summer and winter
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Straus David C. , Clark R. Nolan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compareSalmonellaisolates cultured from feedyard and nonfeedyard (control) playas (ie, temporary shallow lakes) of the Southern High Plains.Sample Population—Water and muck (sediment) samples were obtained from 7 feedyard playas and 3 nonfeedyard playas in the winter and summer.Procedure—Each water and muck sample was enriched with sulfur-brilliant-green broth and incubated in a shaker at 37°C for 24 hours. A sample (100 mL) of the incubated bacterial-enriched broth was then mixed with 100 mL of fresh sulfur-brilliant-green enrichment broth and incubated in a shaker at 37°C for 24 hours. After the second incubation, a swab sample was streaked on differential media. SuspectSalmonellaisolates were further identified by use of biochemical tests, and Salmonella isolates were confirmed and serovar determinations made.Results—Salmonellaisolates were not recovered from the 3 control playas. SevenSalmonellaenterica serovars were isolated from 5 of 7 feedyard playas in the summer, and 13 S enterica serovars were isolated from 7 of 7 feedyard playas in the winter. In the summer, 296 isolates were cultured, and 47 wereSalmonellaorganisms. In the winter, 288 isolates were cultured, and 171 wereSalmonellaorganisms.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that feedyard playas are frequently contaminated with manySalmonellaserovars. These pathogens should be considered whenever feedyard managers contemplate the use of water from these playas. Water from feedyard playas should not be used to cool cattle in the summer or for dust abatement. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:40–44)
Vasopressin secretion in response to osmotic stimulation and effects of desmopressin on urinary concentrating capacity in dogs with pyometra
Authors: Heiene Reidun , Vonderen Ilse K. van , Moe Lars , Mølmen Guro S. , Larsen Nina H. , Kooistra Hans S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine vasopressin (VP) secretory
capacity during osmotic stimulation and the response
to desmopressin treatment in dogs with pyometra
and control dogs.

Animals—6 dogs with pyometra before and after
ovariohysterectomy and 6 control dogs.

Procedure—Urine osmolality (Uosm) was measured
during 12 hours. Values measured on the first day
defined the basal Uosm pattern. On the second day,
dogs were given desmopressin to induce a desmopressin-stimulated Uosm pattern. On day 3, the VP
response to osmotic stimulation was examined.

Results—Median Uosm on day 1 was 340 mOsm/kg
(range, 104 to 1,273 mOsm/kg) and 807 mOsm/kg
(range, 362 to 1,688 mOsm/kg) in dogs with pyometra
before and after surgery, respectively, and 1,511
mOsm/kg (range, 830 to 1,674 mOsm/kg) in control
dogs. Median Uosm during desmopressin treatment
was 431 mOsm/kg (range, 168 to 1,491 mOsm/kg)
and 1,051 mOsm/kg (range, 489 to 1,051 mOsm/kg) in
dogs with pyometra before and after surgery, respectively,
and 1,563 mOsm/kg (range, 1,390 to 2,351) in
control dogs. In dogs with pyometra, threshold for VP
secretion was lower before surgery (median, 340
mOsm/kg; range, 331 to 366 mOsm/kg) than after
surgery (median, 358 mOsm/kg; range, 343 to 439
mOsm/kg) or in control dogs (median, 347 mOsm/kg;
range, 334 to 360 mOsm/kg). Highest maximum plasma
VP values were found in dogs with pyometra.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with
pyometra had increased urine concentration in
response to desmopressin but not to the degree of
control dogs, whereas VP secretory ability was not
reduced. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:404–408)
Validation of diagnostic tests for determination of magnesium status in horses with reduced magnesium intake
Authors: Stewart Allison J. , Hardy Joanne , Kohn Catherine W. , Toribio Ramiro E. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Silver Burton 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum concentrations of total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg), concentrations of magnesium (Mg) in muscle, intracellular Mg (icMg) concentrations, urinary Mg excretion (EMg), Mg clearance (CMg), and fractional clearance of Mg (FCMg) in horses fed diets with Mg content above and below National Research Council recommendations.Animals—9 young female horses.Procedures—6 horses were fed a reduced-Mg diet for 29 days followed by an Mg-supplemented diet for 24 days. Control horses (n = 3) were fed grass hay exclusively. Blood, urine, and tissue samples were collected, and an Mg retention test was performed before and after restriction and supplementation of Mg intake. Serum tMg, serum iMg, muscle Mg, icMg, and urine Mg concentrations were measured, and 24-hour EMg, CMg, and FCMgwere calculated.Results—Reductions in urinary 24-hour EMg, CMg, and FCMgwere evident after 13 days of feeding a reduced-Mg diet. Serum tMg and iMg concentrations, muscle Mg content, and results of the Mg retention test were not affected by feeding the Mg-deficient diet. Spot urine sample FCMgaccurately reflected FCMgcalculated from 6- and 24-hour pooled urine samples. Mean ± SD FCtMgof horses eating grass hay was 29 ± 8%, whereas mean FCtMgfor horses fed a reduced-Mg diet for 29 days was 6 ± 3%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The 24-hour EMgwas the most sensitive indicator of reduced Mg intake in horses. Spot sample FCMgcan be conveniently used to identify horses consuming a diet deficient in Mg. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:422–430)
Antiretroviral efficacy of a 98% solution of glycerol or ethylene oxide for inactivation of feline leukemia virus in bone
Authors: Coronado George S. , Swenson Cheryl L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether infectious retrovirus was inactivated in bones from FeLV-infected cats after ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilization or preservation in a 98% solution of glycerol in an in vitro cell culture system.Sample Population—Metatarsal bones obtained from 5 FeLV-infected cats and cultured with feline fibroblast cells.Procedure—Metatarsal bones were treated with 100% ETO, a 98% solution of glycerol, or left untreated. Twenty-five flasks of feline fibroblast cells were assigned to 5 groups: negative control, positive control, ETO-treated bone, glycerol-treated bone, and untreated bone with 5 replicates/group for 4 passages. Media and cell samples were harvested from every flask at each passage to measure FeLV p27 antigen and the number of copies of provirus per 100 ng of DNA, respectively.Results—All negative control and ETO-treated group replicates were negative for FeLV p27 antigen and provirus throughout the study. All positive control group replicates were positive for FeLV p27 antigen and provirus at passages 1 to 4. Untreated bone group replicates were positive for FeLV p27 antigen at passages 3 and 4 and provirus beginning at passage 2. Glycerol-treated group replicates had delayed cell replication and were negative for FeLV p27 antigen and provirus at passages 1 to 4 and 2 to 4, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ethylene oxide sterilization of bone from FeLV-infected cats appeared to abrogate transmission of infectious retrovirus and effectively sterilized bone allografts.Impact for Human Medicine—Additional studies to confirm effectiveness of ETO treatment of allograft tissues for prevention of pathogen transmission via transplantation are warranted. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:436–439)
Assessment of erythrocyte morphologic abnormalities in mallards with experimentally induced zinc toxicosis
Authors: Christopher Mary M. , Shooshtari Mahrokh P. , Levengood Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe and quantify morphologic abnormalities in RBCs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with experimentally induced zinc toxicosis.Animals—120 female mallards.Procedure—Farm-raised mallards (6 to 8 months old) were used in the study. On day 0, 60 ducks received shot pellets orally by gavage (mean dose of zinc, 0.97 g); another 60 ducks underwent the same procedure without administration of pellets. On day 15, Romanowsky-stained blood smears were prepared from 53 control and 45 zinc-treated ducks (smears were examined retrospectively). In each smear, 200 RBCs were examined and numbers of erythrocytes with abnormal size, shape, or color were expressed as a percentage. Results were compared with PCV values and zinc dose.Results—Mean PCV value was lower in all zinc-treated ducks, compared with control ducks, and was lower in zinc-treated ducks that died or were euthanatized before day 30 because of severe clinical disease, compared with those that survived. Zinc-treated ducks that survived had a high percentage of polychromatophilic RBCs, and those that that died before day 30 had high percentages of hypochromic RBCs, fusiform RBCs, and RBC nuclear abnormalities. There was no correlation between PCV value or RBC morphologic abnormalities and dose of zinc.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In ducks with severe zinc-induced hemolysis, findings indicated that functional iron deficiency may impair the effectiveness of the erythroid regenerative response and contribute to death. Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were consistent with mild dyserythropoiesis. These findings may be applicable to effects of other metal toxicoses and regenerative anemias in birds. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:440–446)
Comparison of the type and number of microorganisms and concentration of endotoxin in the air of feedyards in the Southern High Plains
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Straus David C. , Parker David B. , Wilson Stephen C. , Clark R. Nolan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the bacterial, fungal, and
endotoxin concentrations in aerosolized ambient air
during the winter and summer in feedyards located in
the Southern High Plains, identify aerosolized microbial
pathogens, and determine the size of microbial
and dust components.

Sample Population—Aerosol samples were
obtained from 7 feedyards.

Procedure—Aerosol samples were collected upwind,
on-site, and downwind from each feedyard at a point
1 m above the ground by use of biological 2- and 6-
stage cascade impactors.

Results—Significantly more microbes were cultured
from on-site and downwind samples than upwind
samples. There were significantly more microbes during
the summer than during the winter. However,
mean endotoxin concentration was significantly higher
during the winter (8.37 ng/m3) than the summer
(2.63 ng/m3). Among 7 feedyards, mean ± SE number
of mesophilic bacteria (1,441 ± 195 colony-forming
units [CFUs]/m3) was significantly higher than mean
number of anaerobic bacteria (751 ± 133 CFUs/m3) or
thermophilic bacteria (54 ± 10 CFUs/m3) in feedyard
air. Feedyard aerosol samples contained more
mesophilic fungi (78 ± 7 CFUs/m3) than thermophilic
fungi (2 ± 0.2 CFUs/m3). Eighteen genera of bacteria
were identified by use of an automated identification
system.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—It appeared
that gram-negative enteric pathogens offered little
risk to remote calves or humans via ambient aerosols
and that gram-positive pathogens of the Bacillus,
Corynebacterium, and Staphylococcus spp can be
spread by aerosols in and around feedyards. It was
common to detect concentrations of endotoxin in the
ambient air of 7 feedyards. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;
65:45–52)
Effects of glycopyrrolate on cardiorespiratory function in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine
Authors: Neto Francisco J. Teixeira , McDonell Wayne N. , Black William D. , Duronghphongtorn Sumit 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of glycopyrrolate in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.Animals—6 horses.Procedure—Horses were allocated to 2 treatment groups in a randomized complete block design. Anesthesia was maintained in mechanically ventilated horses by administration of halothane (1% end-tidal concentration) combined with a constant-rate infusion of xylazine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg/h, IV). Hemodynamic variables were monitored after induction of anesthesia and for 120 minutes after administration of glycopyrrolate or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Glycopyrrolate (2.5 µg/kg, IV) was administered at 10-minute intervals until heart rate (HR) increased at least 30% above baseline or a maximum cumulative dose of 7.5 µg/kg had been injected. Recovery characteristics and intestinal auscultation scores were evaluated for 24 hours after the end of anesthesia.Results—Cumulative dose of glycopyrrolate administered to 5 horses was 5 µg/kg, whereas 1 horse received 7.5 µg/kg. The positive chronotropic effects of glycopyrrolate were accompanied by an increase in cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, and tissue oxygen delivery. Whereas HR increased by 53% above baseline values at 20 minutes after the last glycopyrrolate injection, cardiac output and mean arterial pressure increased by 38% and 31%, respectively. Glycopyrrolate administration was associated with impaction of the large colon in 1 horse and low intestinal auscultation scores lasting 24 hours in 3 horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The positive chronotropic effects of glycopyrrolate resulted in improvement of hemodynamic function in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine. However, prolonged intestinal stasis and colic may limit its use during anesthesia. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:456–463)
Pharmacokinetics of a high dose of amikacin administered at extended intervals to neonatal foals
Authors: Magdesian K. Gary , Wilson W. David , Mihalyi Judy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine disposition kinetics of amikacin in neonatal foals administered high doses at extended intervals.Animals—7 neonatal foals.Procedure—Amikacin was administered (21 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) for 10 days. On days 1, 5, and 10, serial plasma samples were obtained for measurement of amikacin concentrations and determination of pharmacokinetics.Results—Mean ± SD peak plasma concentrations of amikacin extrapolated to time 0 were 103.1 ± 23.4, 102.9 ± 9.8, and 120.7 ± 17.9 µg/mL on days 1, 5, and 10, respectively. Plasma concentrations at 1 hour were 37.5 ± 6.7, 32.9 ± 2.6, and 30.6 ± 3.5 µg/mL; area under the curve (AUC) was 293.0 ± 61.0, 202.3 ± 40.4, and 180.9 ± 31.2 (µg · h)/mL; elimination half-life (t1/2β) was 5.33, 4.08, and 3.85 hours; and clearance was 1.3 ± 0.3, 1.8 ± 0.4, and 2.0 ± 0.3 mL/(min · kg), respectively. There were significant increases in clearance and decreases in t1/2β, AUC, mean residence time, and plasma concentrations of amikacin at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours as foals matured.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Once-daily administration of high doses of amikacin to foals resulted in high peak plasma amikacin concentrations, high 1-hour peak concentrations, and large values for AUC, consistent with potentially enhanced bactericidal activity. Age-related findings suggested maturation of renal function during the first 10 days after birth, reflected in enhanced clearance of amikacin. High-dose, extended-interval dosing regimens of amikacin in neonatal foals appear rational, although clinical use remains to be confirmed. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:473–479)
In vitro effects of oxytetracycline on matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA expression and on collagen gel contraction by cultured myofibroblasts obtained from the accessory ligament of foals
Authors: Arnoczky Steven P. , Lavagnino Michael , Gardner Keri L. , Tian Tao , Vaupel Zachary M. , Stick John A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of oxytetracycline on matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) mRNA expression and collagen gel contraction by equine myofibroblasts in an effort to explain the mechanistic basis for the pharmacologic treatment of flexural deformities in foals.Sample Population—Cultured myofibroblasts from the accessory ligament (distal check ligament) of 6 foals.Procedure—Collagen gel scaffolds seeded with equine myofibroblasts were cultured in individual culture dishes containing complete media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum) and oxytetracycline (0, 12.5, 25, or 75 µg/mL) for 48 hours. After 24 hours, the gels were released from the bottom of the culture plate and allowed to contract. Photographs were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after release to assess the degree of collagen gel contraction. Additional gels were harvested at 2 hours after release for RNA isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assessment of the degree of MMP-1 mRNA expression.Results—Oxytetracycline induced a dose-dependent inhibition of collagen gel contraction by equine myofibroblasts. Oxytetracycline also induced a dose-dependent decrease in MMP-1 mRNA expression by equine myofibroblasts.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicate that oxytetracycline inhibits tractional structuring of collagen fibrils by equine myofibroblasts through an MMP-1 mediated mechanism. In young foals, oxytetracycline administration may make the developing ligaments and tendons more susceptible to elongation during normal weight-bearing. Inhibition of normal collagen organization may provide the mechanistic explanation for the results seen following the pharmacologic treatment of flexural deformities in foals by oxytetracycline administration. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:491–496)