bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enumeration of mouse IgE‐secreting cells using plaque‐forming cell assays
Authors: Rector Edward S. , Lang Glen M. , Carter Brian G. , Kelly Ken A. , Bundesen Peter G. , Böttcher Irmgard , Sehon Alec H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the aid of a specific rabbit antibody preparation to purified monoclonal murine IgE, two plaque‐forming cell (PFC) assays have been developed for the detection and enumeration of mouse IgE‐secreting cells. The first assay, utilizing protein A‐coated sheep red cells (protein A‐SRC), detected antibody‐secreting cells on the basis of the class of the secreted Ig irrespective of antigen specificity. With this assay, 30% of the viable cells of two distinct IgE‐secreting hybridoma cell lines were scored as PFC. Under these conditions, plaques were not obtained with IgG1 or IgG2a‐secreting hybridoma cells. The second PFC assay, which utilized SRC coated with ovalbumin (OA‐SRC), enumerated cells secreting anti‐OA IgE antibodies. Similar kinetic patterns were observed for the cellular (IgE PFC/spleen) and humoral (IgE serum levels) responses of (C 57 BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 mice following immunization with 10 μg of OA adsorbed to 1 mg of Al(OH)3. Thus, it is concluded that the reverse plaque assay detecting all IgE‐secreting cells, as well as the antigen‐specific IgE PFC assay, can be used for the quantitation of IgE responses at the cellular level.
Hormonal regulation of the expression of la antigens on mammary gland epithelium
Authors: Klareskog Lars , Forsum Urban , Peterson Per A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGuinea pig and mouse mammary gland epithelial cells express Ia antigen‐like molecules that react specifically with a rabbit anti‐la antigen antiserum. The murine Ia antigen‐like molecules were shown to share alloantigenic determinants with regular spleen cell Ia antigens. The expression of the mammary gland Ia antigens is under hormonal control, i.e. the Ia antigen expression is induced by pregnancy and lactation and can also be induced by the exogenous administration of lactotropic hormones.
T cell‐mediated immunity to oncornavirus‐induced tumors III. Specific and nonspecific suppression in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Plater Christine , Debré Patrice , Leclerc Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA strong cell‐mediated immune response against Friend, Moloney, Rauscher virus‐induced (FMR) cell surface antigens has been demonstrated previously in mice which reject oncornavirus‐induced tumors. In order to identify an eventual suppressor mechanism in animals with progressively growing tumors, experiments were initiated in C 57 BL/6 mice bearing either a murine sarcoma virus (MSV) tumor or Moloney virus‐induced lymphoma (MBL2). Progressive tumor growth was induced (a) in viremic animals first infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M.MuLV), then inoculated as adult with MSV; (b) in nonviremic animals injected with MBL2 lymphoma cells. In the absence of tumor cells, viremia induces specific tolerance for which there is no evidence for suppressor cells. In tumor‐bearing mice, specific suppressor T cells are detected which are able to inhibit the generation of anti‐FMR cytolytic T lymphocytes in vitro and enhance the tumor growth in vivo. In addition to the specific suppressor T cells, a nonspecific suppressive activity mediated by metastatic T lymphoma cells is demonstrated in the spleens of lymphoma‐bearing animals. The respective role of the virus and tumor cells in the induction of tolerance to M.MuLV‐induced antigens, and their relationship to other components of the specific cell‐mediated immune response is discussed.
Involvement of the spleen in murine B cell differentiation
Authors: Ron Yacov , de Baetselier Patrick , Segal Shraga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments were performed to study the influence of neonatal and adult splenectomy on B cell differentiation in mice. Lymph node cells of both groups were found to contain a significantly higher proportion of Ig‐bearing cells. Moreover, these cells expressed a higher density of membrane Ig and a higher IgM/IgD ratio. In addition, the response of these cells to different polyclonal B cell activators, especially dextran sulfate, was much higher than the response of the sham‐operated controls. Similar experiments were carried out in splenectomized and control animals that were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with different hemopoietic cell sources. The same pattern of results was obtained, except when reconstituting the irradiated animals with fetal liver cells.These experiments, which were performed at long time intervals post splenectomy, show that in the absence of the spleen, there is an accumulation of less mature B cells in the periphery implying an active role of the spleen in at least certain differentiation steps of the B cell lineage.
Lymphocyte specificity to protein antigens III. Capacity of low responder mice to beef cytochrome c to respond to a peptide fragment of the molecule
Authors: Corradin Giampietro , Chiller Jacques M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymph node cells derived from A.TH or A.TL mice primed with beef cytochrome c show striking patterns of reactivity when assayed in vitro for antigen‐induced T cell proliferation. Whereas cells from A.TH mice respond specifically to beef cytochrome c or peptides composed of amino acids 1‐65 and 81‐104, cells from A.TL mice respond neither to beef cytochrome c nor to peptide 1‐65, but proliferate following exposure to either peptide 81‐104 or to a cytochrome c hybrid molecule in which the N‐terminal peptide of beef (1‐65) was substituted by a similar peptide obtained from rabbit cytochrome c. Thus, T cells from mice phenotypically unresponsive to beef cytochrome may, in fact, contain populations of lymphocytes capable of responding to a unique peptide, the response to which is totally inhibited when the same fragment is presented in the sequence of the intact protein.
Hapten‐specific helper T cells III. Fine specificity of the (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐acetyl (NP)‐specific response in Igh‐1b mice
Authors: Martinez‐Alonso Carlos , Coutinho Antonio , von Boehmer Harald , Bernabé Rosa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHelper cells, with specificity for the haptens (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NP) or (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NIP), were raised in B10.BR mice by in vivo priming and in vitro long‐term enrichment with hapten‐derivatized syngeneic spleen cells. Upon co‐culture with the homologous antigen (NP or NIP self), selected helper cells specifically responded by proliferation and by inducing large numbers of B cells to clonal expansion and immunoglobulin secretion. Criss‐cross experiments demonstrated the nonheteroclitic nature of antigen recognition by helper cells, as the proliferative and helper cell activites were in every case one order of magnitude higher when confronted with the homologous hapten used for immunization.
Allotype suppression in the chicken III. Analysis of the recovery from suppression by neonatally injected or maternal antibodies
Authors: Ratcliffe Michael J. H. , Ivanyi Juraj 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of M‐1 (Cμ), G‐1 (CμgM) heterozygous chickens on the day of hatch with anti‐IgM‐1 antiserum induced allotype suppression from which chickens recovered over a period of approximately 4 months. The suppression of the serum IgM‐1 levels was matched by a decrease in the number of splenic and peripheral blood B cells bearing the relevant IgM‐1 allotype, and a compensatory increase in the number of cells bearing the alternative nonsuppressed IgM‐1 allotype. However, the proportion of IgM‐1‐bearing bursal cells was only marginally altered. The recovery from suppression was due to B cell recruitment and could be abrogated by bursectomy. Allotype suppression induced in ovo or maintained by repeated injections of anti‐IgM‐1 anti‐serum resulted in chronic suppression and depletion of the relevant peripheral as well as bursal IgM‐1‐bearing cells. Antibody titers of the relevant allotype in partially suppressed chickens generally correlated with serum allotype levels without clonal restriction in antibody response of the suppressed allotype.
The peritoneal antigen‐presenting macrophage: control and immunogenic properties of distinct subpopulations
Authors: Tzehoval Esther , de Baetselier Patrick , Feldman Michael , Segal Shraga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe control of the immunogenic antigen‐presenting capacity of different subpopulations of thioglycollate‐induced peritoneal macrophages has been investigated. The experiments revealed the existence of two major subpopulations of macrophages, only one of which was highly efficient in educating antigen‐specific T cells. The other subpopulation, while highly phagocytic, was devoid of antigen‐presenting capacity. Further analysis, using specific antisera directed at H‐2I region gene products, revealed that the immunogenic antigen‐presenting population expressed H‐2I region‐controlled membrane antigens. Searching for cellular elements which control the differentiation of this antigen‐presenting macrophage subpopulation, it was found that its function was strictly controlled by T cells. T cell‐deficient mice (nu/nu) failed to generate a functional antigen‐presenting macrophage subpopulation. Transplantation of mature T lymphocytes to T cell‐deprived mice restored the immunogenic function of their antigen‐presenting macrophages. The results obtained suggest the existence of heterogeneity of functions among macrophage subpopulations and add a new regulatory function for T cells.
Primary and secondary in situ antibody response: abnormal affinity maturation pattern in mice carrying the xid gene
Authors: Huber Brigitte T. , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Herzenberg Leonore A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe xid gene in mice controls a recessive defect resulting in the absence of a late maturing subset of B cells. Whereas the responsiveness pattern of these mice has been clearly defined in terms of their ability or inability to make antibodies to certain classes of thymus‐independent antigens, there are conflicting reports in regard to affinity maturation of the antibody response to thymus‐dependent antigens. To resolve this controversial issue, the two major isotypes of the IgG response, namely IgG1 and IgG2a were examined with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay that measures both the magnitude and affinity of the anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl antibody of each isotype in individual serum samples. It was found that the xid gene reduced the amount but not affinity of the IgG1 antibody produced, whereas it impaired the whole IgG2a responses severely. In fact, mice carrying the defective gene were unable to mount a secondary IgG2a response, measured either quantitatively or qualitatively in terms of increased affinity. To test the possibility that Lyb3, an isogenic B celltriggering receptor lacking in xid‐mutant mice, plays a direct role in the maturation of the immune response, the antibody profile in normal mice immunized either with antigen alone or in combination with anti‐Lyb3 antiserum has been compared. It was found that triggering of the Lyb3 receptor substantially elevated and accelerated the primary IgG2a response, whereas it had little effect on the IgG1 response.
Induction and regulation of silent idiotype clones Idiotype regulation
Authors: Primi Daniele , Juy Dominique , Cazenave Pierre‐André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to study whether allotype linkage of idiotype expression is related to the total absence of structural gene(s) or to regulatory mechanisms acting on its phenotype expression, the M460 clone expression was followed in B cells from various inbred and recombinant strains of mice cultured at low density in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. Under these conditions, all cultures were found to contain anti‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody plaque‐forming cells, some of which were inhibitable by anti‐M460 immunoglobulins.In the course of these studies, it also became apparent that, even in the absence of T cells, B lymphocytes are able to exert regulatory functions. Experiments carried out using anti‐M460 hybrid cells F6 (51), and affinity‐purified anti‐(anti‐M460) antibodies revealed that clonotype regulation by B cells is mediated by idiotype‐auto‐anti‐idiotype interactions.
Human B lymphocytes form rosettes after insertion of T lymphocyte membrane constituents
Authors: Jakobovits Aya , Rosenberg Mireille , Sharon Nathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsolated plasma membranes from human thymocytes or peripheral T lymphocytes, upon their reconstitution with envelope glycoproteins of Sendai virus, afforded membrane vesicles that fused efficiently with human peripheral B cells. The B cells thus obtained acquired the ability to form regular rosettes at 4°C with sheep red blood cells. However, only B cells modified by fusion with thymocyte membranes formed stable rosettes at 37°C, a property which distinguishes thymocytes from peripheral T cells. Transfer of membrane components between human cells provides a new approach for the investigation of the sheep red blood cell receptor as well as the structure‐function relationship of other lymphocyte membrane components.
Anti‐Thy‐1‐mediated T cell activation. Role of soluble factors and expression of interleukin 2 receptors on T cells
Authors: Konaka Yoshiteru , Norcross Michael A. , Maino Vernon C. , Smith Richard T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit anti‐Thy‐1 antibody bound to T cells induces the appearance of T cell growth factor (interleukin 2, IL 2) receptors and the production of IL 2. IL2 receptors induction by this means occurs within a short time span, and independent of any demonstrable accessory cell. A source of exogenous or endogenous IL 2 is apparently the only requirement for proliferation after these receptors are expressed. IL 2 production, on the other hand, is accessory cell‐dependent, and this help is mediated via Fc receptors on the accessory cell. IL 2 production in this model is demonstrable at 4–6 h, or earlier, and is proliferation‐independent. X‐irradiation actually augments apparent IL 2 production. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that a differentiated subset of T cells in any mixed population is responsible for IL 2 production.
Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease XI. Effects of in vivo administration of anti‐idiotypic antibodies
Authors: Sachs David H. , El‐Gamil Mona , Miller Geraldine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of prior treatment with heterologous anti‐idiotypic antibodies on the response to staphylococcal nuclease (Nase) have been examined. Previous studies have shown that 100% of A/J mice treated with Nase in complete Freund's adjuvant produce anti‐Nase antibodies possessing a characteristic idiotype (Id). Mice treated with anti‐Id antibodies followed by Nase produced levels of Id equal to or greater than those of control animals treated with Nase alone. The appearance of Id in treated mice preceded the appearance of anti‐Nase activity, and animals treated with anti‐Id alone produced high levels of Id without detectable anti‐Nase activity. Id expression in such animals could be detected using anti‐Id reagents produced in several different species suggesting that it represented true idiotope expression rather than unrelated molecules reactive only with the anti‐Id reagent used for initial treatment. Isolation of the nonantigen‐binding Id‐bearing molecules (Id') showed them to be immunoglobulins bearing the same idiotopes as do anti‐Nase antibodies. However, quantitative comparisons of Id levels vs. amount of Id or Id'‐bearing immunoglobulin suggested that the nonantigen‐binding immunoglobulins bore fewer idiotopes per molecule than did anti‐Nase antibodies. Evidence was also obtained for the production of some nonantigen‐binding Id‐bearing molecules during the normal immune response Nase. These findings are therefore consistent with the existence of a network of Id‐anti‐Id interactions in the immune response to Nase.
Antibody feedback regulation in vitro: T helper cell activation and T‐B cell cooperation are not impaired by anti‐carrier antibody
Authors: Zubler Rudolf H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffects of antibody feedback regulation on T helper (Th) cell functions required in plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses were studied in vitro. Using a sensitive functional assay, it was found that serum from immunized mice did not inhibit sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)‐, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin‐specific Th cell activation. SRBC‐“pulsed” splenic adherent cells activated Th cells more efficiently when pulsed in the presence of anti‐SRBC antiserum. PFC responses against 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) coupled to soluble carriers were studied under conditions in which linkage between hapten and the priming carrier was either required or not. Under both conditions, anti‐carrier antiserum had an enhancing or no effect; only anti‐hapten antiserum or monoclonal anti‐hapten antibody were inhibitory. Thus, these results did show that antibody feedback was essentially hapten‐specific and did not interfere with Th cell functions, except, possibly, that anti‐hapten antibody interfered with linked cooperation at the level of hapten‐B cell interaction, in addition to its inhibitory effect detectable under conditions of unlinked cooperation. Since SRBC‐pulsed, adherent cells were very inefficient in stimulating anti‐SRBC PFC responses, the results further suggested that phagocytosed antigen could only by recognized by Th cells but not by B cells. Finally, by attempting to further study hapten‐B cell interactions, no PFC responses against TNP coupled to soluble carriers could be generated by substituting for Th cells with different types of secondary mixed leukocyte culture supernatant in cultures with pure surface Ig‐positive cells. Only anti‐SRBC PFC responses were generated in such cultures.
Purification of Thy‐1‐related glycoproteins from human brain and fibroblasts: comparisons between these molecules and murine glycoproteins carrying Thy‐1.1 and Thy‐1.2 antigens
Authors: Cotmore Susan F. , Crowhurst Susan A. , Waterfield Michael D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purification and partial characterization of glycoproteins from human brain and fibroblasts which are antigenically and structurally related to the Thy‐1 glycoproteins of rats and mice is described. In addition, Thy‐1 molecules were isolated from the brains of AKR and CBA mice (Thy‐1.1 and Thy‐1.2, respectively). The molecules were purified from sodium deoxycholate extracts of brain tissue by chromatography on lentil lectin‐Sepharose followed by gel filtration, and purification was monitored by radioimmunoassay. Similar molecules were isolated from human brain and fibroblasts using monoclonal antibody columns. Analysis by electrophoresis on 12.5% polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed that Thy‐1‐related molecules from human brain migrate as a doublet with apparent molecular weights of 24700 and 26200. Thy‐1 from human foreskin fibroblasts cultured in vitro migrates as a single band of 26500. Thus, human Thy‐1 glycoproteins resemble their rat counterparts in exhibiting tissue‐specific polymorphism. Amino acid analysis of Thy‐1 from human brain and fibroblasts suggests that the polypeptides expressed by different tissues are extremely similar.Thy‐1.1 from AKR mouse brain migrates as a doublet on SDS gel electrophoresis with apparent molecular weights of 23700 and 25100, while Thy‐1.2 molecules isolated from CBA mouse brain run as a single broad symmetrical band with a molecular weight of 25000. Molecules carrying the Thy‐1.1 allotype are readily distinguished from those carrying the Thy‐1.2 allotype by the presence of an additional arginine residue. Amino acid compositions of Thy‐1 from man and the two mouse strains are similar, but each has unique features.Thy‐1 molecules immunoprecipitated from mouse and rat fibroblasts have higher apparent molecular weights than their brain counterparts; the basis of the tissue‐specific polymorphism is discussed.
Lambda chain expression at different stages of ontogeny in C57BL/6, BALB/c and SJL mice
Authors: Takemori Toshitada , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, 2–3% of immunoglobulin‐positive cells express λ1 and 1–2% λ2 chains at the cell surface. These percentages are constant from the time around birth until adult age. The levels of λ1 chains in serum antibodies correspond closely to those in the B cell population in both mouse strains whereas in the case of λ2 chains, they are three times lower in serum antibodies than in the B cell population.In strain SJL, λ2‐bearing B cells occur in similar frequencies as in BALB/c and C57BL/6, both in newborn and adult animals. However, the level of λ2‐bearing immunoglobulins in the serum is 30 times below that expected on the basis of the cellular analysis and 10 times lower than in BALB/c and C57BL/6. B cells expressing λ1‐like light chains were found in normal frequency in newborn SJL mice with a monoclonal rat anti‐λ1 antibody. In adult animals such cells were present in a frequency 100 times below that characteristic for BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The concentration of immunoglobulin reactive with rat anti‐λ1 antibody was 300 times lower in SJL than in BALB/c and C57BL/6 serum, in accord with previous data (W. Geckeler et al., J. Exp. Med. 1978. 148: 1122).The notion that in SJL mice a control mechanism specifically suppressess λ chain expression is further supported by an analysis of the early primary anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NP) response. We show that this response is initially dominated by antibody‐forming cells secreting antibodies with λ1‐like light chains. These cells rapidly disappear and appear to be selected against particulary in the IgG response.The monoclonal SJL anti‐λ1 antibody Ls136 (M. Reth et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1979. 9: 1004) does not stain any B cells in SJL mice, whereas it detects λ1‐bearing cells in C57BL/6 and BALB/c animals in the expected frequency.
Anti‐receptor antibody‐induced suppression of murine H‐Y‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses
Authors: Sunday Mary E. , Weinberger Judah Z. , Wolff Stephen , Dorf Martin E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA putative anti‐H‐Y receptor antiserum (ARA) was raised in C57BL/6 male mice against splenic T lymphocytes from syngeneic females immunized against H‐Y antigen. When this antiserum is given i.v. to C57BL/6 females it prevents the expression of H‐Y‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH). The suppressive activity in ARA was selectively retained on rabbit anti‐mouse immunoglobulin columns, and could be absorbed by H‐Y‐immune spleen cells from C57BL/6 female mice.The abrogation of H‐Y DTH reactivity was at least in part due to the generation of suppressor T cells which are generated by ARA in naive female mice. ARA‐generated suppressor cells specifically ininhibit the induction phase of DTH responses to the H‐Y antigen, having no effect on (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)‐specific cutaneous sensitivity responses or on DTH responses to minor histocompatibility antigens. Furthermore, there is a requirement for Igh gene homology between the strain producing the ARA and the strain in which the DTH response is induced. Thus, C57BL/6 ARA given to A.BY (H‐2b, Igh‐1e) or to B.C‐8 (H‐2b, Igh‐1a) mice was unable to suppress homologous H‐Y DTH responses in these strains. However, C57BL/6 ARA induced suppressor cells in B.C‐8 mice which were capable of inhibiting H‐Y DTH responses when adoptively transferred to C57BL/6 females.