bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of diffraction-free beam with winding trajectory based on metasurface holography
Authors: Xu Jilian , Lu Peiyao , Wu Rui , Jiang Kun , Jiang Xiquan , Teng Shuyun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The diffraction-free beams with curved trajectories and shaped wavefronts have wide application prospects in many fields. This paper proposes the generation of diffraction-free beam with winding trajectory and spiral wavefront based on holographic metasurface. The holographic metasurface consists of rotated rectangular nanoholes and the winding trajectory for the generated diffraction-free beam may be in two or three dimensional space under the control of the rotated nanoholes. The multiple diffraction-free beams are exemplified and the performance of holographic metasurfaces are testified by the simulation and experiment results. The utilization of compact metasurface enables the flexible generation of the diffraction-free beams with complex trajectories and tailored wavefronts. It may bring more new applications of diffraction-free beams with on-demand trajectories and customized wavefronts.
Biomass-derived mulberry porous carbon for microwave absorption
Authors: Ma Lei , Xia Pengkun , Mao Mingzhen , Huang Shengxiang , Gao Xiaohui , Deng Lianwen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In modern electronic devices and communication systems, there is an urgent need for economically viable, environmentally friendly, and efficient absorbing materials. In this work, we have successfully synthesized nitrogen-potassium doped mulberry porous carbon (MBPC) using a one-step pyrolysis strategy for the first time utilizing mulberry as a biomass carbon wave-absorbing material. The resulting MBPC exhibited a porous structure with abundant defects, facilitating the formation of a micro-conductive network and multiple reflection and scattering phenomena, thereby enabling strong microwave absorption. Experimental results demonstrated that the MBPC material achieved a remarkable minimum reflection loss of −44.82 dB at a frequency of 14.64 GHz, along with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth exceeding 5.76 GHz, all within a thickness of only 2.2 mm. Furthermore, by adjusting the thickness between 1 ∼ 3 mm, the bandwidth coverage can be extended to 8.48 ∼ 18 GHz. Computer simulation technology (CST) revealed a high simulated RCS value of 20.68 dB·m2, highlighting its significant practical application potential. This research underscores the promising prospects of mulberry-derived porous carbon as a lightweight, cost-effective, and efficient electromagnetic absorption material.
Strong coupling between colloidal quantum dots and dielectric cavity investigated by both photoluminescence spectrum and reflection spectrum at room temperature
Authors: Xu Xingsheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, the angle-resolved photoluminescence spectra and reflection spectra from colloidal quantum dots on SiO2/Si material were investigated at room temperature. The strong coupling between quantum dots and F-P cavity was verified by both the photoluminescence spectral splitting and reflection dispersion. A Rabi splitting was obtained from both angle-resolved photoluminescence spectra and reflection spectra. The Hopfield coefficient of exciton and photon for polariton branches were calculated and analyzed. The relationship between Rabi frequency and excitation power for colloidal quantum dots was also studied. A method was proposed and used to characterize the cavity mode and the reflection dispersion by using open-aperture and close-aperture reflection spectra.
Accurate 2-D analytical model for cylindrical gate-junctionless ferroelectric-nanowire (CG-JFe-NW) MOSFET with scaled channel length
Authors: Garg Shalu , Kaur Jasdeep , Goel Anubha , Haldar Subhasis , Gupta R S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we propose a 2D analytical-model of a cylindrical gate-junctionless ferroelectric-nanowire (CG-JFe-NW) MOSFET for evaluating central potential, electric field, threshold voltage, mobility and current voltage characteristics. Central potential, threshold voltage, and current in the linear and saturation regions are derived by solving the 2D Poisson’s equation employing the parabolic-potential- approximation (PPA) profile. The recommended model is appropriate for compact modelling as it includes the phenomenon of bulk conduction, surface conduction and ferroelectric negative capacitance in all the regions of the device operation. Ferroelectric properties are introduced by combining Silicon doped hafnium oxide (ferroelectric layer) with HfO2 and SiO2 (dielectric layers), and an extensive study has been performed to determine the effects of interfacial-layer thickness and variation of channel length on device performance. For all relevant device characteristics and for all the operational voltage ranges, it is demonstrated that the analytical model entirely corresponds with the numerical simulations. For simulations, the Atlas 3-D simulator has been taken into consideration.
Accurate computation of the screening of scalar fifth forces in galaxies
Authors: Burrage Clare , March Bradley , Naik Aneesh P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Screening mechanisms allow light scalar fields to dynamically avoid the constraints that come from our lack of observation of a long-range fifth force. Galactic scale tests are of particular interest when the light scalar is introduced to explain the dark matter or dark energy that dominates our cosmology. To date, much of the literature that has studied screening in galaxies has described screening using simplifying approximations. In this work, we calculate numerical solutions for scalar fields with screening mechanisms in galactic contexts, and use these to derive new, precise conditions governing where fifth forces are screened. We show that the commonly used binary screened/unscreened threshold can predict a fifth force signal in situations where a fuller treatment does not, leading us to conclude that existing constraints might be overestimated.
We show that various other approximations of the screening radius provide a more accurate proxy to screening, although they fail to exactly reproduce the true screening surface in certain regions of parameter space. As a demonstration of our scheme, we apply it to an idealised Milky Way and thus identify the region of parameter space in which the solar system is screened.
Assessing the Influence of Urban Lights on Night Sky Brightness with a Smartphone
Authors: Wang Yingqiang , Zhao Yong , Sun Weijia , Yang Fan , Deng Licai , He Fei , Rong Zhaojin , Wei Yong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The darkness of the sky is a critical parameter for assessing the suitability of an astronomical site. Among various sources of light pollution, urban lights pose the most significant threat to ground-based optical astronomical and planetary observations. Quantitatively assessing the impact of urban lights with varying scales and fluxes is indispensable for selecting an ideal optical observation site. In order to quantitatively assess the changes in Night Sky Brightness (NSB) relative to the distance from urban areas and to establish a foundation for safeguarding the light environment at the newly developed Lenghu astronomical site on the Tibetan Plateau, we employed both a Sky Quality Meter and a pre-calibrated smartphone. These instruments were used to measure the NSB in the vicinity of two cities, Da Qaidam and Delingha, which vary in size and radiant flux, on the Tibetan Plateau. The findings indicate that the NSB around both cities decreases significantly as the distance from the city center increases, although the rate of decrease varies between the two locations. This decline can be effectively modeled using an exponential decay function. Notably, the influence of city lights on NSB becomes negligible at distances exceeding 30 km from Da Qaidam, while for Delingha, this distance extends to 50 km due to its larger city size and higher total radiant flux. The methodologies and results presented in this paper offer valuable insights for the selection of astronomical observation sites and the development of light pollution management policies.
Supermassive black holes triggered by QCD axion bubbles
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Peng Ying-Quan , Chao Wei , Zhou Yu-Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are ubiquitous in the center of galaxies, although the origin of their massive seeds is still unknown. In this paper, we investigate the formation of SMBHs from the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion bubbles. In this case, primordial black holes (PBHs) are considered as the seeds of SMBHs, which are generated from the QCD axion bubbles due to an explicit Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry breaking after inflation. The QCD axion bubbles are formed when the QCD axion starts to oscillate during the QCD phase transition. We consider a general case in which the axion bubbles are formed with the bubble effective angle θ
eff ∈ (0, π], leading to the minimum PBH mass

∼
O
(

10

4

−

10

7

)

M

⊙

for the axion decay constant

f

a

∼
O
(

10

16

)
GeV

. The PBHs at this mass region may account for the seeds of SMBHs.
Overview of the ATLAS High-Granularity Timing Detector: project status and results
Authors: Missio Marion ,   the ATLAS HGTD collaboration
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the high-luminosity phase of the Large
Hadron Collider (LHC) with an instantaneous luminosity up to L ≈ 7.5 ×
1034 cm-2 s-1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and
trigger performance. A High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the forward
region for pile-up mitigation and luminosity measurement. This detector, based on Low Gain
Avalanche Detectors and custom ASICs, will provide a time resolution of 30 ps per track at the
beginning of HL-LHC and 50 ps at the end. This proceeding paper will summarise the overall
specifications of the HGTD as well as the project status.
Impact of anesthesia on micromagnetic stimulation (μMS) of the vagus nerve
Authors: Saha Renata , Van Helden Dusty , Hopper Matthew S , Low Walter C , Netoff Theoden I , Osborn John , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To treat diseases associated with vagal nerve control of peripheral organs, it is necessary to selectively activate efferent and afferent fibers in the vagus. As a result of the nerve’s complex anatomy, fiber-specific activation proves challenging. Spatially selective neuromodulation using micromagnetic stimulation(μMS) is showing incredible promise. This neuromodulation technique uses microcoils(μcoils) to generate magnetic fields by powering them with a time-varying current. Following the principles of Faraday’s law of induction, a highly directional electric field is induced in the nerve from the magnetic field. In this study on rodent cervical vagus, a solenoidal μcoil was oriented at an angle to left and right branches of the nerve. The aim of this study was to measure changes in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) following μMS of the vagus. The μcoils were powered by a single-cycle sinusoidal current varying in pulse widths(PW = 100, 500, and 1000 μsec) at a frequency of 20 Hz. Under the influence of isoflurane, μMS of the left vagus at 1000 μsec PW led to an average drop in MAP of 16.75 mmHg(n = 7). In contrast, μMS of the right vagus under isoflurane resulted in an average drop of 11.93 mmHg in the MAP(n = 7). Surprisingly, there were no changes in HR to either right or left vagal μMS suggesting the drop in MAP associated with vagus μMS was the result of stimulation of afferent, but not efferent fibers. In urethane anesthetized rats, no changes in either MAP or HR were observed upon μMS of the right or left vagus(n = 3). These findings suggest the choice of anesthesia plays a key role in determining the efficacy of μMS on the vagal nerve. Absence of HR modulation upon μMS could offer alternative treatment options using VNS with fewer heart-related side-effects.
Spatial-temporal analysis of urban climate dynamics in major Hungarian cities
Authors: Buzási Attila , Beszedics-Jäger Bettina Szimonetta , Hortay Olivér 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Increasing heatwaves are making cities and their populations more vulnerable, parallel to urban sprawl and the aging population in Hungary. The increasing number of hot days is predicted to worsen urban climate anomalies at the local scale, which, in parallel with changing land use patterns, may contribute to a significant increase in vulnerability to heatwaves. Local stakeholders and decision-makers need to understand the critical role of spatiotemporal land use—land cover (LULC) patterns and urban climate aspects to address relevant challenges for urban development. The current literature does not contain a synthesis analysis of major Hungarian cities that includes urban climate and sustainability findings hand by hand; therefore, this study aims to analyze LULC patterns, urban hotspots and surface urban heat island effects. In addition, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was determined as an important indicator for assessing the health and density of green spaces in major Hungarian cities from 2006 to 2018 using remote sensing data. Our results show that each city experienced significant urban sprawl, while above-average NDVI areas decreased over time. The average increase in the share of built-up areas was 1.3% from 2006 to 2018, while the calculated average decline in agricultural areas was 2%, so the expansion of residential areas and artificial areas is not the only driving force of this shrinking trend in agricultural areas. Furthermore, we found that urban hotspots are generally concentrated in industrial areas and represent new spaces of heat islands on the outskirts of cities. Székesfehérvár has the most intense industrial heat islands, with the largest proportion of urban hotspots (approximately 3.5% of the total area) concentrated in industrial zones. Our study contributes to uncovering inter-urban processes of land use patterns and urban climate issues in major Hungarian cities, moreover revealing sustainability-related issues from a lock-in perspective.
Understanding variations of thermal hysteresis in barocaloric plastic crystal neopentyl glycol using correlative microscopy and calorimetry
Authors: Rendell-Bhatti Frederic , Boldrin David , Dilshad Melony , Moya Xavier , MacLaren Donald A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plastic crystals (PCs) exhibit solid–solid order-disorder first-order phase transitions that are accompanied by large correlated thermal and volume changes. These characteristics make PCs promising barocaloric solid-state working bodies for heating and cooling applications. However, understanding the variation of transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in PCs with cycling is critical if these materials are to replace traditional gaseous refrigerants. Here, for the archetypal barocaloric PC neopentyl glycol (NPG), we correlate microstructure obtained from scanning electron microscopy with local and total thermal changes at the phase transition from infra-red imaging and calorimetry, respectively. We outline an evolution in microstructure as NPG recrystallises during repeated thermal cycling through its solid–solid phase transition. The observed microstructural changes are correlated with spatially inhomogeneous heat transfer, yielding direct insight into the kinetics of the phase transition. Our results suggest that the interplay of these processes affects the undesirable thermal hysteresis and the nature of the kinetic steady-state microstructures that are stabilised during cycling between the ordered and disordered phases. These observations have implications for using NPG and other PCs as technologically relevant barocaloric materials and suggest ways in which the hysteresis in these types of materials may be modified.
Recent advances in high charge density triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Cui Xin , Nie Jiaheng , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Triboelectric materials with high charge density are the building-block for the commercial application of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Unstable dynamic processes influence the change of the charge density on the surface and inside of triboelectric materials. The charge density of triboelectric materials depends on the surface and the internal charge transfer processes. The focus of this review is on recent advances in high charge density triboelectric materials and advances in the fabrication of TENGs. We summarize the existing strategies for achieving high charge density in triboelectric materials as well as their fundamental properties. We then review current optimization methods for regulating dynamic charge transfer processes to increase the output charge density: first, increasing charge injection and limiting charge dissipation to achieve a high average surface charge density, and second, regulating the internal charge transfer process and storing charge in triboelectric materials to increase the output charge density. Finally, we present the challenges and prospects in developing high-performance triboelectric materials.
Disulfiram Improves Fat Graft Retention by Modulating Macrophage Polarization With Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Chen Weixin , Xu Haiqian , Tian Yuan , Wang Xiaotian , Chen Xinyao , Li Jiapeng , Luo Sai , Hao Lijun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response in the early post-grafting period restricts fat graft retention. Pyroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death that extensively participates in inflammatory pathologies.

Objectives
This study sought to determine whether macrophage pyroptosis was activated during the inflammatory phase after fat grafting and to investigate the efficacy of a pyroptosis inhibitor, disulfiram (DSF), in fat graft retention.

Methods
We established a C57BL/6 mice fat grafting model and then analyzed macrophage pyroptosis. DSF (50 mg/kg, every other day) was intraperitoneally injected starting 1 hour before fat grafting and continued for 14 days. An in vitro co-culture system was established in which mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were co-cultured with apoptotic adipocytes to further validate the findings of the in vivo studies and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Results
Here we reported that macrophage pyroptosis was activated in both fat grafts and in vitro co-culture models. DSF was found to be a potent pyroptosis inhibitor, promoting M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, DSF was demonstrated to enhance vascularization and graft retention.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in the inflammatory cascade within fat grafts. DSF, being a clinically available drug, could be translated into a clinically effective drug for improving fat graft survival by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis, therefore inducing M2 macrophage polarization and promoting neovascularization.
DrugMGR: a deep bioactive molecule binding method to identify compounds targeting proteins
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Yang Qiang , Xu Long , Dong Weihe , Luo Gongning , Wang Wei , Dong Suyu , Wang Kuanquan , Xuan Ping , Zhang Xianyu , Gao Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Understanding the intermolecular interactions of ligand–target pairs is key to guiding the optimization of drug research on cancers, which can greatly mitigate overburden workloads for wet labs. Several improved computational methods have been introduced and exhibit promising performance for these identification tasks, but some pitfalls restrict their practical applications: (i) first, existing methods do not sufficiently consider how multigranular molecule representations influence interaction patterns between proteins and compounds; and (ii) second, existing methods seldom explicitly model the binding sites when an interaction occurs to enable better prediction and interpretation, which may lead to unexpected obstacles to biological researchers.

Results
To address these issues, we here present DrugMGR, a deep multigranular drug representation model capable of predicting binding affinities and regions for each ligand–target pair. We conduct consistent experiments on three benchmark datasets using existing methods and introduce a new specific dataset to better validate the prediction of binding sites. For practical application, target-specific compound identification tasks are also carried out to validate the capability of real-world compound screen. Moreover, the visualization of some practical interaction scenarios provides interpretable insights from the results of the predictions. The proposed DrugMGR achieves excellent overall performance in these datasets, exhibiting its advantages and merits against state-of-the-art methods. Thus, the downstream task of DrugMGR can be fine-tuned for identifying the potential compounds that target proteins for clinical treatment.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/lixiaokun2020/DrugMGR.
Flagging unusual clusters based on linear mixed models using weighted and self-calibrated predictors
Authors: McCulloch Charles E , Neuhaus John M , Boylan Ross D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Statistical models incorporating cluster-specific intercepts are commonly used in hierarchical settings, for example, observations clustered within patients or patients clustered within hospitals. Predicted values of these intercepts are often used to identify or “flag” extreme or outlying clusters, such as poorly performing hospitals or patients with rapid declines in their health. We consider a variety of flagging rules, assessing different predictors, and using different accuracy measures. Using theoretical calculations and comprehensive numerical evaluation, we show that previously proposed rules based on the 2 most commonly used predictors, the usual best linear unbiased predictor and fixed effects predictor, perform extremely poorly: the incorrect flagging rates are either unacceptably high (approaching 0.5 in the limit) or overly conservative (eg, much &lt;0.05 for reasonable parameter values, leading to very low correct flagging rates). We develop novel methods for flagging extreme clusters that can control the incorrect flagging rates, including very simple-to-use versions that we call “self-calibrated.” The new methods have substantially higher correct flagging rates than previously proposed methods for flagging extreme values, while controlling the incorrect flagging rates. We illustrate their application using data on length of stay in pediatric hospitals for children admitted for asthma diagnoses.