bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Determination of Oxygen in Metals with High Melting Points by the Inert Gas Fusion Method: A Silicon Fusion Technique
Authors: Kashima Jiro , Yamazaki Takuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The determination of oxygen in metals with high melting points is important for the development of metallurgy. This paper will describe a very simplified apparatus and a procedure which gives precise results almost without a blank test. A silicon fusion technique developed by the present authors is used instead of the platinum bath method for the purpose of decomposing oxides in metals. It enables us to determine oxygen in a small quantity of a sample by the use of a highly-sensitive gas chromatograph. The amount of oxygen in the purified tantalum and niobium was determined within a standard deviation of 0.0038%. The precision established in tests of titanium samples containing 0.074% of oxygen was 0.0018%; this observed value is in good agreement with that obtained by the vacuum fusion method.
The Routine Determination of Nitrogen in Cast Iron by the Chemical Distillation and Inert Gas Fusion Methods
Authors: Kashima Jiro , Yamazaki Takuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Although the chemical distillation method is generally employed for the determination of nitrogen in metals, it has been found that this method involves some difficulties in cast iron and pig iron samples. This paper will, therefore, describe new, repreoducible methods for the determination of nitrogen in chilled cast iron. They are the inert gas fusion and the chemical distillation methods. The most suitable sample for obtaining almost the same results with regard to ordinary cast iron by both methods was found to be a thin plate chilled by a copper mold. The accuracy of both methods was ±0.0004% when thin-plate samples containing from 0.0030 to 0.010% nitrogen were used.
The Chlorine and Fluorine Contents of Tertiary Sediments on the Miura Peninsula
Authors: Iwasaki Bunji , Kitayama Kenzo , Katsura Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tertiary sediments were collected from the Miura group on the Miura Peninsula, and the total chlorine and fluorine in these sediments were determined colorimetrically, together with the water-soluble chlorine and fluorine. There was little correlation of the contents of insoluble chlorine and fluorine in the sediments to their locations and ages. The insoluble chlorine contents of the psammitic rocks were higher than those of the pelitic rocks, whereas the insoluble fluorine contents of the former were lower than those of the latter. There seemed to be a moderately negative correlation between the contents of insoluble chlorine and fluorine in the sediments. All the sediments analyzed contained very small amounts of water-soluble fluorine (0.001 to 0.002% F). The frequency distributions of the insoluble chlorine contents in both the psammitic and pelitic rocks were lognormal.
The Preparation of Ethylenes with Polyfluorocyclobutenyl and Polyfluorocyclopentenyl Groups
Authors: Muramatsu Hiroshige , Moriguchi Soyao , Inukai Kan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The new ethylenes, with a 2-hydroperfluorocyclobutyl, 2-chlorotetrafluoro-1-cyclobutenyl or 2-chlorohexafluoro-1-cyclopentenyl group, were synthesized in good yields by the dehydration of the 1 : 1 adducts prepared by the addition of the alcohols to perfluorocyclobutene, 1, 2-di-chlorotetrafluorocyclobutene or 1, 2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene respectively. The dehydro-fluorination of 2-hydroperfluorocyclobutylalkylethylenes gave a mixture of perfluoro-1-cyclo-butenyl- and perfluoro-2-cyclobutenylethylene. In the mixture, the former was predominant over the latter. Some polyfluorocycloalkenylethylenes prepared polymerized in the presence of peroxide to yield transparent polymers.
Studies of the Organic Reaction of Metal Carbonyl. IX. The Formation of o-Toluylcobalt Carbonyl in the Reaction of Benzyl Chloride with Potassium Cobalt Carbonylate
Authors: Takegami Yoshinobu , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Masada Hiromitsu , Yokokawa Chikao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between benzyl halide and potassium cobalt carbonylate has been studied. o-Toluylcobalt carbonyl is found among the reaction products. This carbonyl seems to be formed by the isomerization of benzyl cobalt carbonyl via phenylacetylcobalt tricarbonyl or o-tolylcobalt carbonyl. This isomerization occurs only at relatively high temperatures (30–50°C). At 0°C, only phenylacetyl cobalt carbonyl is formed in a good yield. The isomerization is highly promoted by the addition of cobalt hydrocarbonyl. The reaction atmosphere (carbon monoxide and nitrogen) also has a great effect on the isomerization. Such additives as oxalic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and ethyl alcohol-hydrogen chloride have no promoting effect on the isomerization.
The Synthesis of d, l-Homopterocarpin
Authors: Suginome Hiroshi , Iwadare Tsukasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of chromanocoumaran (I) (R1= R2= H), the skeleton of pterocarpinoids, is described. This method, which follows a plausible biogenetic pathway, is then extended to the synthesis of d, l-homopterocarpin (I) (R1= R2= OMe). The synthesis and NMR studies allow us to assign a cis B/C ring junction to the compounds of this class.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Methylene-hydantoin and Related Compounds. I. On the Reaction of Pyruvic Acid and Urea: The Synthesis of 5-Methylene-hydantoin
Authors: Murahashi Shunsuke , Yuki Heimei , Kosai Koichi , Doura Fumihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various condensation products were obtained by the reaction between pyruvic acid and urea. They are 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hydantoin, homoallantoin, homoallantoic acid, and dipyruvic triureide. 5-Methylene-hydantoin was prepared from some of these compounds, or directly from pyruvic acid and urea, by reactions in organic acid. The most convenient method was the dehydration of 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hydantoin, which is a new compound melting at 166°C. 5-Methylene-hydantoin, m. p. 214°C, is a new monomer of the vinylidene type which polymerizes easily by means of a free radical mechanism. 3-Methyl-5-methylene-hydantoin was also prepared from 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hydantoin through its 3-methyl derivative.
Altenin. I. The Isolation of Altenin from Alternaria Kikuchiana Tanaka
Authors: Sugiyama Noboru , Kashima Choji , Yamamoto Makoto , Sugaya Toki , Mohri Ryotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Alternaria Kikuchiana Tanaka is a fungus which produces a black spot disease in pears. The metabolite of this fungus contains a phytopathogenic substance for which the name “Altenin” has been proposed. A drop of an aqueous solution of altenin (2×10−5 mg./ml.) produces a black spot on pear leaves. The stability of altenin at 80, 60, and 40°C, and the behavior of altenin in relation to some adsorbents and solvents, were studied. Its isolation from the culture filtrate was found to be properly accomplished by adsorption with active charcoal, elution with acetone, and chromatography with silica gel and alumina columns. By these procedures, besides altenin, six metabolites, diheptyl phthalate, myristic acid, succinic acid, and the ester of C15-carboxylic acid, C19-steroid and trihydroxy anthraquinone, were obtained.
The Effects of Some Antioxidants on a Polyurethane Fuel Binder
Authors: Mazaki Kiroku , Tokui Harusuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The antioxidation effect of N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine and N,N′-di-(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylene diamine was studied with polyol-cured polyurethane containing an organo-ferric compound as a curing catalyst. These antioxidants, after weathering for one year, were found to be very effective. The same polymer without the antioxidants was degraded and flowed after only three weeks exposure (during the month of May). Although most of the inhibited polymers showed no depression in tensile properties after being exposed for one year, it was noted that the reddish transparent polymers turned dark brown and became opaque. Polyurethane is, in general, strong and resistant to weathering and aging. The degradation mentioned in this study, however, should be attributed to the degradative action of sunlight and the atmospheric conditions. The characteristics of the specimens for tensile strength and elongation at the breaking point have generally been improved without any remarkable change in the tensile modulus, the effect of the “after cure” should be taken into account in addition to the degradative action of sunlight and air.
Reactive Species in the Photochemical Hydrogenation of Acridine in Ethanol
Authors: Kira Akira , Ikeda Yoshinori , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to determine the reactive state of acridine when it is photoreduced by ethanol, two types of experiments were undertaken. The first was to study the concentration effect of ethanol on the quantum yield in a benzene solution. These results, however, could not give any unequivocal answer. The second type of experiment was, therefore, made from the standpoint of the triplet energy transfer, using eosine as an energy acceptor for the photoreduction of acridine in an ethanol solution. It was found that, in a deaerated solution, the quantum yield of acridine photoreduction is not affected by the addition of eosine, whereas it was established by the flash technique that, under similar conditions, the energy transfer from the acridine triplet state to eosine occurs at approximately the diffusion-controlled rate. These results lead to the conclusion that the reactive state is not the lowest triplet state.
Studies of Calcichrome as a Spectrophotometric Reagent. IV. A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Aluminum with Calcichrome and Its Basic Study
Authors: Ishii Hajime , Einaga Hisahiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that Calcichrome forms a stable complex with aluminum; the reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically in order to find the optimum conditions for the determination of aluminum. The aluminum-Calcichrome complex is formed gradually at about pH 6; its composition has been found to be 1 to 1. The complex has two absorption maxima, at approximately 312 and 560 mμ, when measured against water. On the other hand, two absorption maxima were found, at approximately 317 and 620 mμ, in the curve obtained as the difference between Calcichrome and its aluminum complex. A linear relationship was noticed between the concentration of aluminum and the absorbance under the conditions recommended. The molar extinction coefficients of the complex at 317 and 620 mμ were 11500 and 7200. and the sensitivities were 2.3×10−3 and 3.7×10−3 μg. Al/cm2 respectively, which correspond to log(I0⁄I)=0.001. Some other metals, such as copper(II), iron(III), titanium(IV), vanadium(V), and zirconium(IV), interfere with the determination.
Studies of Peptide Antibiotics. V. Syntheses of Cyclic Penta- and Decapeptides with the l-Valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanylsarcosyl Sequence
Authors: Aoyagi Haruhiko , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A cyclic decapeptide dihydrochloride cyclo-(l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanylsarcosyl)2·2HCl, which is an analog of gramicidin S and a cyclic pentapeptide monohydrochloride cyclo-l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanylsarcosyl·HCl, were synthesized for the purpose of comparing their antibacterial activities with gramicidin S. The cyclic decapeptide dihydrochloride was obtained by hydrogenolysis in the presence of hydrogen chloride of a cyclic benzyloxycarbonyl-substituted decapeptide, which had been prepared by the cyclization of a corresponding linear decapeptide active ester. The cyclization reaction of a linear pentapeptide active ester yielded a mixture of a cyclic benzyloxycarbonyl-substituted pentapeptide as a major component, and a cyclic decapeptide and an unidentified cyclic peptide as minor components. The effects of two cyclic peptide hydrochlorides on bacterial growth were tested. The cyclic decapeptide was as active as gramicidin S; however, the cyclic pentapeptide showed no activity in relation to any of the microorganisms tested.
The Synthesis of 2,7-Dideoxy-l-manno-heptose
Authors: Yoshimura Juji , Komoto Hachiro , Ando Hiroaki , Nakagawa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,7-Dideoxy-l-manno-heptose was synthesized from 1-C-nitro-1,7-dideoxy-l-glycero-l-talo-heptitol by the elimination of the C-2 hydroxyl group (nitroolefin formation), by hydrogenation and by the Nef reaction. The corresponding ethyl α-glycoside, its acetate, and a few related 1-amino-1-deoxy derivatives were also described.
Organic Sulfur Compounds. XII. The Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectra of the Substituted Benzenesulfinic Acids and Their Esters
Authors: Kobayashi Michio , Koga Nobuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultraviolet spectra of several substituted benzenesulfinic acids and their ethyl esters have been recorded, and the assignments of the absorption have been disucssed briefly.
Molecular Vibrations and Structures of Polyalkyl Polysulfides. II. Polyethylene Disulfide
Authors: Hayashi Michiro , Shiro Yuji , Murata Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarized infrared spectra of oriented sheets of polyethylene disulfide were measured in the 4000—200 cm−1 region; the fiber period was thus found to be 8.8 Å by X-ray diffraction. It is found that this polymer does not have twofold symmetry axes intersecting the helical axis at right angles. The infrared-active normal vibrations of the four likely structural models were calculated by the use of a modified Urey-Bradley force field. The structure of polyethylene disulfide was concluded to be the GGG′G conformation along the sequence of the –S–CH2–CH2–S–S– bonds of the 31 helical model. This model is very similar to the structure of polymethylene disulfide reported in the previous paper. The above structure was then discussed in comparison with two models proposed previously (J. R. Katz, Trans. Faraday Soc., 32, 77 (1936); Y. Minoura, J. Soc. Rubber Ind. Japan, 28, 399 (1955)).
The Polarographic Behavior of the Condensation Product of Glyoxal with o-Phenylenediamine, and Its Application to the Determination of Glyoxal
Authors: Musha Sôichirô , Wasa Tamotsu , Naito Tameo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In buffer solutions containing excess o-phenylene-diamine (OPD), glyoxal is condensed with OPD and the condensation product produces two diffusion-controlled reduction waves (E1⁄2=−0.211 and −0.358 V. vs. SCE, pH=1.6) at pH values below 2.5 and a single well-defined reduction wave (E1⁄2=−0.782 V., pH=8.5) at pH values above 2.5. In the pH range between 2 and 8, an ill-defined reduction wave, which seems to be a catalytic hydrogen wave brought about by the reduction product, is also observed at a more positive potential than a normal hydrogen wave. A linear relationship between the limiting current and the concentration of glyoxal has been obtained under the following conditions, which are recommended for the practical determination of glyoxal; (1—2)×10−2 m for the concentration of OPD, 7—10 for pH, 25°C for the temperature, and 30—60 min. for the condensation time. The application was made to the determination of the purity of a commercial glyoxal aqueous solution, and also to the determination of the glyoxal which is present in ethylene glycol as an impurity. A mechanism for the electrode reactions of the condensation product (i. e., quinoxaline) of glyoxal with OPD was postulated.
Molecular Rearrangement in Polyphosphoric Acid. II. The Conversion of 1,2-Dihydro-2-phenylimino-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one to 3-phenyl-2, 4(1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione
Authors: Kurihara Masaru , Yoda Naoya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The treatment in polyphosphoric acid of the N-(phenylcarbamoyl)-anthranilic acid prepared by the reaction of anthranilic acid with phenyl isocyanate has been shown to yield 1,2-dihydro-2-phenylimino-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one or 3-phenyl-2, 4(1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione, depending on the reaction temperature. An intramolecular rearrangement has been found to occur by the treatment of exocyclic iminobenzoxazinone with polyphosphoric acid to afford quinazolinedione. The mechanisms of conversion in polyphosphoric acid have been proposed to account for the experimental results, and the structure of 2-phenylimino-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one has been presumed by means of infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopies and elemental analyses. The products of the reaction of N-methylanthranilic acid with phenyl isocyanate have been shown to be 1-methyl-3-phenyl-2, 4(1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione, 1-methyl isatoic anhydride and N-methyl-2-(phenylcarbamoyl)-carbanilide. Furthermore, the formation of the mixed anhydride of carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid as a reaction intermediate has been postulated.
Cyclopropene Derivatives. II. The Reaction of Diazoketone with Triple Bond
Authors: Obata Naruyoshi , Moritani Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The additions of some keto-carbene to a triple bond were studied. Since keto-carbene rearranges easily to a ketene derivative (Wolff rearrangement), the carbenic addition will always be in competition with the rearrangement. In the case of benzoylphenylcabene, the rearrangement is preferred, and no cyclopropene derivative is obtained. However, benzoyl and acetylcarbene, both having hydrogen instead of phenyl as a substituent, could be successfully added to diphenylacetylene and di-n-butylacetylene, thus giving 1, 2-disubstituted cyclopropene derivatives. Thus, it was found that the acylcyclopropenes were synthesized in a single step by the utilization of the carbenic addition of keto-carbene to a triple bond.
The Synthesis and Reactions of Benzo-1, 4-thiazinotropone Derivatives
Authors: Nozoe Tetsuo , Asao Toyonobu , Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three isomeric benzo-1, 4-thiazinotropones were obtained. Benzo-1, 4-thiazino[3,2-b]tropones substituted with the chloro, the bromo, the nitro or the acetamido group at the seven-membered ring were synthesized by the reaction of di- or trihalotropolone, or 3-bromotropolones with the nitro or the acetamido group, with o-aminothiophenol. The bromination of benzo-1, 4-thiazino[3,2-b]tropone (I) and its 8-isopropyl derivative (II) afforded 7- and/or 9-substituted compounds. In the case of nitration, 5-oxide and 5-oxide of 7-nitro derivative were obtained. The reaction of I or II with thionyl chloride unexpectedly gave the 7, 9-dichloro derivative of I, or four kinds of chloro derivatives of II.
The Effects of Magnesium Fluoride on the Thermal Behavior of Serpentine
Authors: Mase Hanzo , Fukuda Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By means of thermogravimetric, differential thermal, and X-ray diffraction techniques, the thermal behavior of a mixture of serpentine (heated at 730°C for 1 hr.) with 31 per cent magnesium fluoride and or mixtures of serpentine with 10, 15.5, 20, 31, 40, and 62 per cent magnesium fluoride were examined at various temperatures up to 1450°C and for various heating periods. The presence of magnesium fluoride affects the shapes of serpentine thermogravimetric and differential thermal curves, but it hardly affects the starting temperatures of the dehydroxylation of the serpentine (730°C) at all. The thermogravimetric curves showed a gradual weight loss above the dehydroxylation temperature of serpentine. In the differential thermal curves, the height reduction of two serpentine exothermic peaks (830°C and 1100°C), and the appearance of two or three endothermic peaks above 1000°C were observed; moreover, a mixture of the preheated serpentine with 31 per cent magnesium fluoride showed a new exothermic peak at 775°C. These effects of magnesium fluoride were discussed. The main heating products of serpentine in the presence of magnesium fluoride were fluorine norbergite, forsterite, magnesioferrite, and magnesium oxide, whereas those of serpentine alone were forsterite and enstatite.
The Effect of Substituents on the Half-Wave Potential of the Polarographic Reduction of Pyridine N-Oxide Derivatives
Authors: Kubota Tanekazu , Miyazaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarograms of twenty-three pyridine N-oxide derivatives substituted at γ- and β-positions were extensively measured at various pH’s. The half-wave reduction potential, E1⁄2, was expressed by the form −E1⁄2=a[pH]+b. The wave height due to the reduction of the \eqslantgtrN→O group decreased with an increase in the pH in a pH region over ∼6. This phenomenon was common to all the compounds studied here; it was thought to be useful in identifying an aromatic N-oxide group by the polarographic method. The E1⁄2 plot against Hammett’s σ value of the substituent satisfied a linear relation well, and the slope of Hammett’s ρ value was positive. This indicates that the reduction process is nucleophilic. The linear relation was explained qualitatively on the basis of the MO theory by applying the second-order perturbation method.
A Molecular Orbital Treatment of 13C–H Spin-Spin Coupling Constants
Authors: Yonezawa Teijiro , Morishima Isao , Fujii Mutsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A molecular orbital interpretation of the directly-bonded 13C–H spin-spin coupling constant without the concept of hybridization is presented. The observed values of JC–H for some saturated and conjugated compounds are shown to be proportional to the square of the bond order between the 2S atomic orbital of the hydrogen atom and the 2S atomic orbital of the carbon atom, P2, which is calculated using the extended Hückel molecular orbital method.
The Relation between Ultrasonic Velocity and Viscosity in Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes
Authors: Prakash Satya , Prakash Som , Laxmi Shobhay 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the experimental data on the ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of thorium nitrate, lanthanum acetate and lanthanum chloride, it has been found that the product of adiabatic compressibility and viscosity is fairly constant over the concentration range studied. From those data the relation between ultrasonic velocity and viscosity has been derived which can explain the variation in sound velocity with the concentration.
Studies of the Alkaline Earth Complexes in Various Solutions. I. Barium(II) Complexes with Sulfate and Oxalate Ions in 1m Sodium Perchlorate Media
Authors: Sekine Tatsuya , Sakairi Mitsuo , Hasegawa Yuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution of barium(II) at a very low concentration was determined between a carbon tetrachloride solution of 0.1 m thenoyltrifluoroacetone and 0.2 m tributylphosphate and aqueous solutions of 1 m Na(ClO4) at 25°C. The net distribution ratio is decreased when a part of the perchlorate ions are replaced by sulfate or oxalate ions. This decrease was explained in terms of the complex formation of Ba2+ with these ligands. The stability constants were determined graphically from the experimental data as follows:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Physical Chemistry of Binary Plastic Crystals. I. The System of Carbon Tetrachloride and t-Butyl Iodide
Authors: Chihara Hideaki , Otsuru Masako , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The binary system, carbon tetrachloride- t-butyl iodide, was studied by the proton magnetic resonance, the dielectric measurements and the X-ray diffraction. The complete phase diagram, constructed by the differential thermal analysis, shows a solid solution region where carbon tetrachloride is more than 50 mole%. Detailed studies of the solid solution containing 6.6 mole% of t-butyl iodide reveals that the solution can be described by the theory of regular solutions; its molecular polarization above the transition temperature obeys the Debye formula giving the dipole moment of t-butyl iodide a value of 1.6 debye units. The high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance experiments with the same phase shows that carbon tetrachloride molecules diffuse in the solid solution with an energy of activation of 6.8 kcal./mole. The transition temperature varies with the composition, and below it the rotational motion of the solute molecules is more hindered. Pure t-butyl iodide shows motional narrowing around –150°C in the NMR line shape, above which temperature a reorienting molecular model can account for the magnitude of second moment of the nuclear magnetic resonance absorption.