bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Identification of Muscle Activation Profiles via Optimization and Smooth Profile Patches
Authors: Strobach Daniel , Kecskemé Andrés 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe identification of muscle activation profiles of the musculoskeletal system is an important ans still open problem in biomechanics. Current methodology consists in finding the amplitude and the time history of the activation functions through optimization techniques. In this setting, function parameterizations such as discretization through sampling values, rectangular and ramp functions, as well as splines have been investigated. However, typical optimization runs display prohibitively long computation times, which make them unsuitable for on‐line applications, such as required for example for patient‐specific therapy. the present paper proposes a new method for parameterizing muscle activation profiles employing smooth (C∞) base functions. The ides is that, for the target approximation of dynamical motions, the detailed geometry of the activation profiles not significant, while its smoothness facilitates the search within the optimization procedure. The results show that, by applying these methods, the required CPU time can be reduced by factors up to 8. We analyze the method for a flexion/extension two joint subsystem of hip and knee, comprising two pairs of antagonistic muscles, showing the sensitivity to sampling time and initial values. From these studies it becomes obvious that determination of muscle activation through optimization can be very sensitive to carefully chosen parameterizations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of plastic material parameters with error estimation
Authors: Unger Jaan , Stiemer Marcus , Svendsen Bob , Blum Heribert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn recent years, inverse analysis has become a common approach to typical engineering problems such as model identification. In this contribution, the inverse problem is discussed in light of taking experimental uncertainties into account. This involves in particular the propagation of experimental errors and the analysis of the sensitivity of the model response to variations in the model parameters to be determined. The method is applied to an elasto‐viscoplastic material model which is used in the context of electromagnetic high‐speed forming. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimentelle Methode zur Bestimmung der Kräfte an Tropfen auf Oberflächen mit einem Gradienten der Benetzbarkeit
Authors: Zielke Paul Ch. , Szymczyk Janusz A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractVon besonderem Interesse bei der Untersuchung der Bewegung von Tropfen auf Oberflächen mit einem Gradienten der Benetzbarkeit sind die am Tropfen wirkenden Kräfte. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der unter Ausnutzung der Zentrifugalkraft diese Kräfte bestimmt werden können. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Investigation of Wall Catalysis in High‐Enthalpy Flows
Authors: Reinartz Birgit U. , Ballmann Josef 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA Navier‐Stokes solver is applied to assess the effect of wall catalysis on the surface heat flux of hypersonic vehicles. The different catalytic boundary conditions are shortly discussed and results for a type IV interaction on a cylinder are presented and compared to experimental measurements. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energetische Betrachtungen zum Rayleigh‐Stokes Problem
Authors: Bühler Karl , Zierep Jürgen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEnergetische Aspekte gewinnen bei nachhaltig optimierten Systemen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Klassische Lösungen der Strömungsmechanik sind für viele technische Anwendungen von enormerWichtigkeit. In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir energetische Analysen zu den unterschiedlichen Rayleigh‐Stokes Problemen wie der plötzlich in Gang gesetzten oder gestoppten Platte sowie der periodisch oszillierenden Platte. Die in [1] beschriebenen klassischen Rayleigh‐Stokes Probleme sind in vielfältigerWeise für verallgemeinerte Rand‐ und Anfangsbedingungen untersucht worden. Beispiele hierzu sind in [2, 3] dargestellt. Theoretische Grundlagen zu den folgenden energetischen Betrachtungen sind in [4, 5] enthalten. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Drag Reduction in Wall Bounded Flows: The Effect of Polymers on the Dynamics of Turbulence
Authors: Frohnapfel Bettina , Jovanović Jovan , Pashtrapanska Mira , Durst Franz 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExperiments in a refractive index matched pipe flow facility were conducted using state‐of‐the‐art laser‐Doppler anemometry to study turbulent drag reduction by dilute addition of high polymers. The results were analyzed employing the invariant theory of turbulence. It was thus possible to confirm the major conclusion of preceding theoretical work, namely that the mechanism of drag reduction by long‐chain polymers is associated with an increase in anisotropy of turbulence at the wall. Furthermore, theoretical considerations based on the elastic behavior of a polymer and spatial intermittency of turbulence at small scales enabled quantitative estimates to be made for the relaxation time of a polymer and its concentration that ensures maximum drag reduction. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Effect of the Backward‐Facing Step Height on Flow in a Channel with Rectangular Cross Section
Authors: Jonáš Pavel , Mazur Oton , Uruba Václav 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe investigation of a channel flow with a backward‐facing step on one wall is described. The height of the incoming channel H is adjustable as to allow alter the ratio of step height h over H; h/H = 1 : 10, 1 : 4, 1.02 : 1(h + H = 0.275m). Mutual correlations between the extremes of static pressure distributions, limits of the separation zone and of the corner vortex structures and Reynolds number are discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reorientation of Cryogenic Fluids Upon Step Reduction of Gravity
Authors: Stief Malte , Gerstmann Jens , Dreyer Michael E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExperiments to observe the surface oscillation of cryogenic liquids have been performed with liquid nitrogen inside a 50 mm diameter right circular cylinder. The surface oscillation is driven by the capillary force that becomes dominant after a sudden reduction of the gravity acceleration acting on the liquid. The experiments show differences from the speculated behavior and enables one to observe new features. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerische Untersuchung der Strömung in Gleitlagern
Authors: Stücke Peter , Scurtu Nicoleta , Egbers Christoph 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEs soll die Strömung im Gleitlager in Abhängigkeit von Form‐ und Betriebsparametern untersucht werden. Da eine fertige problembezogene Lösung noch nicht vorliegt, wird ein Ansatz gewählt, der von vorliegenden Untersuchungen ausgeht und auf einer Kombination von experimentellen und numerischen Methoden basiert. Dieses Vorgehen ist allgemein anerkannt und hat sich in der Vergangenheit bewährt. Insgesamt sollen so Strömungsphänomene identifiziert werden, die mit dem Auftreten der Kavitation, wie sie am Gleitlagerprüfstand provoziert werden kann, korrelieren. Daraus sollen Empfehlungen abgeleitet werden, die zu einer sicheren Konstruktion von Gleitlagern f ühren. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a Synthetic Jet Flow
Authors: Uruba Vaclav 
Published: December 2005

AbstractVelocity vector field of a synthetic jet has been investigated experimentally. The synthetic jet is generated by an electrodynamical system designed for control of a free shear layer. To catch unsteady periodical structures the phase average method is applied to time series of instantaneous velocities. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DNS and Lie group analysis of turbulent boundarly layer flow
Authors: Khujadze G. , Oberlack M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLie group approach is used to derive new scaling laws for zero‐pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer flow. A direct numerical simulation of the flow at Reynolds number Reθ = 2240 was performed for the verify theoretical results. Navier‐Stokes equations were numerically solved using spectral method with up to 160 million grid points. The numerical simulation shows validity of the theoretical results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Turbulent compressible fluid flow computation in a male rotor‐housinggap of screw compressors
Authors: Vimmr Jan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis contribution is devoted to a turbulent compressible fluid flow computation through a 2‐D model of the male rotor‐housing gap in screw compressors. For the numerical solution of the nonlinear conservative system of the Favre‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations the cell‐centred finite volume formulation of the explicit two‐step TVD MacCormack scheme proposed by Causon on a structured quadrilateral grid is used. The turbulent viscosity is calculated by using the algebraic Baldwin‐Lomax turbulence model which is implemented into the own developed numerical code. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The near wall region of turbulent natural convection flows: asymptotic considerations
Authors: Hölling Marc , Herwig Heinz 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTurbulent natural convection along vertical walls is analysed asymptotically, i.e. for the Rayleigh‐number Ra → ∞. As a result universal temperature and velocity profiles are deduced that are valid for high Rayleigh numbers and can be used as wall functions in CFD‐codes. Constants in this asymptotic profiles are obtained by analysing high quality experimental and DNS data. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Investigations of Process Heterogeneities during High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment with Turbulent Inflow Conditions
Authors: Kitsubun Panit , Hartmann Christoph , Delgado Antonio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDuring the compression phase of high pressure treatment of aqueous food, the temperature locally increases approx. 2‐3 K per 100 MPa in the isentropic case as a result of the external work done by the volume change of the fluid. It could be concluded in the authors' previous contributions that heat transfer induces undesired process non‐uniformities, and therefore, significantly influences the product quality. However, the turbulent inflow conditions existing in larger autoclaves are expected to change homogeneity of the thermofluiddynamical fluid. In this contribution, the presence of the turbulence generated during the compression phase of the High ‐Pressure‐treatment and its influence on process non‐uniformities throughout the high pressure processing are investigated numerically. For the numerical simulations, a three‐dimensional model of a cylindrical autoclave with a net volume of 3.3 Litre is created. To investigate the influence of the turbulence on product quality, a model of the inactivation of the enzyme Bacillus Subtilis α‐Amylase is employed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of Varying Pressure on Natural Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer in an Enclosure
Authors: Langebach Jan , Senin Stephan , Karcher Christian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn experimental study on coupled heat transfer of natural convection and directed radiation is presented. These effects appear in automotive headlamps, for instance. To separate them, the pressure inside the enclosure is varied. As the Grashof number scales like Gr ∼ p2, upon decreasing pressure, convection is strongly suppressed while radiation remains unchanged. The experimental setup consists of a semi‐transparent lens and an automotive reflector arranged in a closed tube (300mm length, 180mm diameter). Almost all radiation from the lamp is directed from the reflector to the lens. There it is partly absorbed causing unfavourable hot spots. The location of these spots strongly depends on the interaction of convection and radiation. To improve the understanding of these effects, the location and the temperature of the spots were measured while varying the pressure from 102 to 105 Pa and the electrical power of the lamp from 10W to 15W, respectively. Besides, two different distances between the reflector and the lens were analysed. It was found that upon decreasing pressure, the hot spot temperature rises and the location moves closer to the optical axis of the reflector. Moreover, the wall temperature above the reflector decreases. The results will be compared with predictions of numerical simulations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anwendung der Ultraschall Doppler Messtechnik zur Analyse der konvektiven Transportvorgänge während des Gärungsprozesses in Gärtanks
Authors: Meironke H. , Szymczyk J. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDas Vergären und Lagern von Bier wird heute fast ausschließlich in zylindrokonischen Gärtanks im Single‐Tank Verfahren durchgeführt. Die bisherige angewandte Technik und Verfahrensweise begründet sich aus den langjährigen Erfahrungen mit diesen Gärtanks. Dabei sind die strömungsmechanischen Vorgänge innerhalb dieser Tanks, bedingt durch die komplexen Zusammenhänge der sich überlagernden physikalischen und biochemischen Prozesse sowie durch die in der Vergangenheit fehlenden Messtechniken, noch nicht umfassend experimentell untersucht worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein Strömungsdiagnosesystem vor, welches speziell für die Konvektion im Gärtank auf der Grundlage der Ultraschall Doppler Messtechnik entwickelt wurde. Mittels dieses Messsystems sind umfangreiche Messungen in einem 270 Liter Modelltank und in einem industriellen 30.000 Liter Gär‐ und Lagertank durchgeführt worden. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport and Reaction Processes in Concrete at High Temperatures
Authors: Ostermann L. , Dinkler D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSimulating processes in concrete at high temperatures requires coupled formulation of transport and reaction. Transport can be formulated using balance equations for mass and heat as well as constitutive equations. The equations have to be valid in the whole temperature range from 293 K up to 1000 K. Instantaneous thermodynamic equilibrium is assumed for the gas and liquid phase of water substance. Above the critical point of water, only its gas phase exist. This requires a combined mass balance, which contains vapour balance as well as the mass balance of liquid water. Rapid evaporation of water and degradation of cement minerals leads to an enormous pressure increase in the gas phase. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Analysis of Thermal Convection in a Small Gap
Authors: Rubes D. , Wozniak G. , Heiland H. G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe rapid progress in fabrication and utilizing of microelectromechanical systems during the last decade has reinforced the need of a more detailed understanding of the fluid behavior in small volumes. Our investigation focuses on the fluid behavior in a small vertical gap when applying a temperature gradient and using a 30% and 60% glycerin/water solution. Liquid crystals are used to measure simultaneously velocity and temperature distributions. The technique is explained and selected results are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability of thermocapillary‐driven flow in rectangular cavities
Authors: Schimmel Frank , Albensoeder Stefan , Kuhlmann Hendrik 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe flow in an infinitely extended cavity with rectangular cross section is considered. The upper boundary is a free surface where thermocapillary forces are driving a circulation within the cavity (Marangoni effect). If the driving force (temperature difference) exceeds a critical threshold, the two dimensional flow becomes unstable towards an infinitesimal three‐dimensional perturbation. The critical mode depends on the aspect ratio and may be steady or oscillatory. Results are presented for vanishing Prandtl number and varying aspect ratios of the cavity. These are compared to the classical lid‐driven cavity problem and the mechanism leading to instability is discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measuring surface temperatures using Thermochromic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Senin Stepan , Langebach Jan , Karcher Christian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThermochromic Liquid Crystals (TLCs) are used to measure the temperature distribution and to examine convective heat transfer on surfaces. This technique is specifically intended for investigating outer surface temperature fields and requires complex image data decomposition with colour analysis. This study presents a new method of using TLCs for the temperature measurement inside experimental models. The change of optical behaviour of TLCs is measured with a luminance camera. Therefore, it is possible to measure the complete distribution of the surface temperature, i.e. both inside and outside of the model. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wärmeübergang von Kohlendioxid im thermodynamisch kritischen Gebiet
Authors: Spindler Klaus 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSeit einiger Zeit wird Kohlendioxid als Arbeitsmittel in Kältemaschinen und Wärmepumpen erprobt. Vor dem Hintergrund es geplanten Verbotes der sogenannten F‐Gase mit hohem Treibhauspotenzial wird die Anwendung forciert. Die thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften sind sehr gut untersucht. Bedingt durch die niedrige kritische Temperatur von ca. 31°C ergeben sich auch Zustandsänderungen im kritischen oder überkritischen Gebiet. Die Stoffdaten weisen starke Änderungen im kritischen Gebiet auf. Gerade in diesem Temperaturbereich können sich großeWärmeübergangskoeffizienten einstellen. Es werden Korrelationen zum Wärmeübergang bei einphasiger Konvektion im überkritischen Gebiet vorgestellt. Der Einfluss der Stoffdaten auf den Wärmeübergang im thermodynamisch kritischen Gebiet wird diskutiert. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of CP96,345 on the expression of tachykinins and neurokinin receptors in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Lau Hon Yen , Bhatia Madhav 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a life‐threatening condition that involves an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas. The involvement of tachykinins and neurokinin receptors in acute pancreatitis has been described only recently, despite their long‐established role in inflammatory conditions. Among these, substance P (SP) is believed to play a central role in exacerbating the inflammatory process by acting through neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R). Treatment with the NK1R antagonist, CP96,345, results in protection against caerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis in mice. However, the mechanism by which NK1R and SP worsen the condition is still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of NK1R blockage on the expression of preprotachykinin genes and neurokinin receptors in acute pancreatitis. In the pancreas, CP96,345 treatment resulted in suppression of the elevation of SP concentration, preprotachykinin‐A gene (PPT‐A) mRNA expression, and NK1R mRNA and protein expression. In the lungs, the antagonist was found to suppress the increase in SP concentration, PPT‐A mRNA expression and preprotachykinin‐C gene (PPT‐C) mRNA expression. However, the antagonist treatment further promoted the accumulation of pulmonary NK1R mRNA and protein expression. Neurokinin‐2 receptor (NK2R) mRNA expression was not detected in normal pancreas. However, up‐regulated expression of the mRNA for this receptor was observed during acute pancreatitis and treatment with CP96,345 further increased this expression. Pulmonary NK2R mRNA expression was found to be reduced during acute pancreatitis and CP96,345 treatment normalized this reduction. Neurokinin‐3 receptor (NK3R) mRNA expression was absent in both pancreas and lung. These data have provided valuable information regarding the regulation of tachykinins and neurokinin receptors during acute pancreatitis. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two infants with life‐threatening diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis treated with cyclophosphamide
Authors: Gottschling Sven , Schneider G. , Meyer S. , Reinhard H. , Dill‐Mueller D. , Graf N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDiffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH) is a rare, frequently fatal disorder characterized by multiple cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas. Complications include high‐output cardiac failure, hemorrhage, hepatic failure, and consumption coagulopathy. We present two cases of neonates with DNH. We prescribed cyclophosphamide after failure of corticosteroids. Cyclophosphamide induced a fast regression of the lesions with no side effects in both infants. We were able to stop treatment after 3–4 courses of cyclophosphamide in both infants because of the excellent response. Cyclophosphamide seems to be a safe and effective treatment in patients suffering from life‐threatening DNH unresponsive to corticosteroids. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;46:239–242. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up of pediatric cancer survivors: Education, surveillance, and screening
Authors: Landier Wendy , Wallace W. Hamish B. , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCancer and its treatment predispose childhood cancer survivors to chronic or late occurring health problems that may not become clinically significant until many years after therapy. Frequently, long‐term survivors of childhood cancer report late cancer‐related effects that diminish quality of life and increase the risk of early mortality. Risk‐based health care that involves a personalized plan for surveillance, screening, and prevention is recommended to reduce cancer‐related morbidity in childhood cancer survivors. To implement optimal risk‐based care, the survivor and health care provider must have accurate information about cancer diagnosis, treatment modalities, and potential cancer‐related health risks to guide screening and risk‐reducing interventions. However, previous studies evaluating health knowledge of childhood cancer survivors demonstrate noteworthy deficits and misperceptions about their cancer diagnosis, treatment, and cancer‐related health risks. In addition, because of the relative rarity of childhood cancer, many health care providers lack familiarity with cancer‐related health risks and risk‐reduction methods relevant for this population. To correct these deficits, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and the Children's Oncology Group (COG) developed clinical practice guidelines to foster appropriate risk‐based survivor care. Herein, we discuss the development, benefits, and limitations of the SIGN and COG guidelines and the foundation they provide for standardizing long‐term follow‐up care of the ever‐growing vulnerable population of childhood cancer survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;46:149–158. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Barriers to follow‐up care of survivors in the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Oeffinger Kevin C. , Wallace W. Hamish B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSurvivors of pediatric cancer face an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and diminished quality of life associated with their previous cancer therapy. Because these risks are often modifiable, periodic lifetime medical follow‐up is recommended for all survivors. This article assesses the current status of follow‐up care in the United States and the United Kingdom. Potential barriers in both cultures and health care environments are described. A better understanding of these barriers has led to the development and testing of interventions intended to optimize the health care of survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;46:135–142. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.