bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coincidences and Patterns in Sequences
Authors: Dasgupta Anirban 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis entry provides a contemporary exposition at a moderately quantitative level of the distribution theory associated with sequences and patterns in iid multinomial trials, the birthday problem, and the matching problem. The section on patterns includes the classic distribution theory for waiting time for runs and more general patterns, and their means and moments. It also includes the central limit theorem and a.s. properties of the longest run, and modern applications to DNA sequence alignment. The section on birthdays reviews the Poisson approximation in the classical birthday problem, with new bounds on the total variation distance. It also includes a number of variants of the classic birthday problem, including the case of unequal probabilities, similar triplets, and the Bayesian version with Dirichlet priors on birthday probabilities. A new problem called the strong birthday problem with application to criminology is introduced. The section on matching covers the Poisson asymptotics, errors of Poisson approximations, and some variants such as near matches. It also briefly reviews the recent extraordinary developments in the area of longest increasing subsequences in random permutations. The entry provides a large number of examples, many not well known, to help a reader have a feeling for these questions at an intuitive level
De novo CD5+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma with basophilia in the peripheral blood: Successful treatment with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tokuhira Michihide , Watanabe Reiko , Iizuka Atsushi , Sekiguchi Yasunobu , Nemoto Tomoe , Hanzawa Kyoko , Takamatsu Ichiro , Maruyama Taro , Tamaru Jun‐ichi , Itoyama Shinji , Suzuki Hiroshi , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Mori Shigehisa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBasophils play an important role in allergic inflammation and are pathologically related to hematological disturbances, such as iron deficiency anemia and myeloproliferative disorders; however, they are only rarely encountered in lymphoid malignancies. Here, we report the case of a 33‐year‐old man with a bulky mass of the small intestine, multiple paraaortic lymphoadenopathy, pleural effusion, and ascites, who was diagnosed as a case of de novo CD5+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This patient showed a marked elevation of the basophil count in the peripheral blood, which appeared to run in parallel with the tumor burden. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood cell transplantation yielded complete remission, and the patient has remained disease free for 5 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of de novo CD5+ DLBCL showing marked elevation of the PB basophil count. Am. J. Hematol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymer complexes: supramolecular modeling for determination and identification of the bond lengths in novel polymer complexes from their infrared spectra
Authors: Mubarak Ahmed T. , El‐Sonbati A. Z. , El‐Bindary A. A. , Issa R. M. , Kera H. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of allyl propenyl‐2‐(4‐derivatives phenylazo)butan‐3‐one (HLn) are described. The monomers obtained contain NN and carbonyl functional groups in different positions with respect to the allyl group. This structural difference affects the stereochemical structure of the uranyl polymer complexes prepared by the direct reaction of uranyl acetate with the monomers. The polymer complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, 1H and 13C NMR, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy and other theoretical methods. The bonding sites of the hydrazone are deduced from IR and NMR spectra and each of the ligands were found to bond to the UO22+ ion in a bidentate fashion. The monomers obtained contain NN and carbonyl functional groups in different positions with respect to the allyl group. IR spectra show that the allyl azo homopolymer (HLn) acts as a neutral bidentate ligand by coordinating via the two oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, thereby forming a six‐membered chelating ring. The υ3 frequency of UO22+ has been shown to be a good molecular probe for studying the coordinating power of the ligands. The υ3‐values of UO22+ from IR spectra have been used to calculate the force constant, FUO (in 10−8 N/Å) and the bond length RUO (in Å) of the UO bond. We adopted a strategy based upon both theoretical and experimental investigations. The theoretical aspects are described in terms of the well‐known theory of 5d–4f transitions. The necessary structural data (coordination geometries and electronic structures) are determined from a framework for the modeling of novel polymer complexes. The Wilson, G. F. matrix method, Badger's formula and the Jones and El‐Sonbati equations were used to determine the stretching and interaction force constants from which the UO bond distances were calculated. The bond distances of these complexes were also investigated. The effect of Hamett's constant is also discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EGF receptor clustering is induced by a 0.4 mT power frequency magnetic field and blocked by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035
Authors: Jia Caili , Zhou Zhenjie , Liu Renchen , Chen Shude , Xia Ruohong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to investigate the effects of a 50 Hz 0.4 mT magnetic field (MF) on the clustering of purified epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) and EGFRs in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell membrane. The results demonstrate that exposing purified EGFRs to the MF for 30 min induces receptor clustering. The peak height of apparent clusters increased from 1.42 ± 0.18 (sham‐exposed) to 3.08 ± 0.38 nm (exposed) while the mean half‐width increased from 21.7 ± 2.2 to 33.0 ± 4.0 nm. A similar effect was also observed by TEM. Treatment of purified EGFR with PD153035 (PD), an EGFR‐specific tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, inhibited the MF‐induced EGFR clustering of the purified proteins, an effect also observed for the receptors in cell membrane in the absence of EGF. These results strongly suggest that the 50 Hz 0.4 mT MF interferes with the EGFR signaling pathway, most likely by interacting with the cytoplasmic TK domain. Bioelectromagnetics 28:197–207, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of self‐reported cellular telephone use with subscriber data: Agreement between the two methods and implications for risk estimation
Authors: Schüz Joachim , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpidemiologic studies on adverse health effects of cellular telephone use have assessed exposure either by self‐reported use based on questionnaire data or by using data on subscriptions for a cellular telephone provided by network operators. With the latter approach, subjects are misclassified when they regularly use a cellular telephone subscribed in someone else's or in a company name or when they subscribe for a cellular telephone which they use only occasionally. Self‐reported use is hampered by recall difficulties and possible differential participation by exposure. In Denmark, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of cellular telephone subscribers (including the entire Danish population) and a case‐control study on brain tumors and cellular telephone use (with 1355 participants) and, thus, had the opportunity to compare the two exposure measures with two large‐scale data sets, using self‐reported use as a “gold standard.” Overall, there was a fair agreement (kappa value of 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.36), with a low sensitivity (30%) and a high specificity (94%). Agreement was slightly better for controls, and low‐grade glioma cases compared to high‐grade glioma cases and meningioma cases. A comparison of odds ratios (OR) of the case‐control data set based on either self‐reported use or on subscriber data shows no major differences, giving OR of 0.7 and 0.6 for acoustic neuroma, 0.9 and 1.1 for glioma and 0.9 and 0.7 for meningioma. A discussion of the two exposure measures reveals that they both have limitations with regard to a potential underestimation of an association and there is some concern whether they are good enough to allow a detection of possibly only subtle changes in risk. These limitations can be minimized in prospective follow‐up studies. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary malignant hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Mehrabi Arianeb , Kashfi Arash , Fonouni Hamidreza , Schemmer Peter , Schmied Bruno M. , Hallscheidt Peter , Schirmacher Peter , Weitz Jurgen , Friess Helmut , Buchler Markus W. , Schmidt Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalignant hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH) is a rare malignant tumor of vascular origin with unknown etiology and a variable natural course. The authors present a comprehensive review of the literature on HEH with a focus on clinical outcome after different therapeutic strategies. All published series on patients with HEH (n = 434 patients) were analyzed from the first description in 1984 to the current literature. The reviewed parameters included demographic data, clinical manifestations, therapeutic modalities, and clinical outcome. The mean age of patients with HEH was 41.7 years, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 2:3. The most common clinical manifestations were right upper quadrant pain, hepatomegaly, and weight loss. Most patients presented with multifocal tumor that involved both lobes of the liver. Lung, peritoneum, lymph nodes, and bone were the most common sites of extrahepatic involvement at the time of diagnosis. The most common management has been liver transplantation (LTx) (44.8% of patients), followed by no treatment (24.8% of patients), chemotherapy or radiotherapy (21% of patients), and liver resection (LRx) (9.4% of patients). The 1‐year and 5‐year patient survival rates were 96% and 54.5%, respectively, after LTx; 39.3% and 4.5%, respectively, after no treatment, 73.3% and 30%, respectively, after chemotherapy or radiotherapy; and 100% and 75%, respectively, after LRx. LRx has been the treatment of choice in patients with resectable HEH. However, LTx has been proposed as the treatment of choice because of the hepatic multicentricity of HEH. In addition, LTx is an acceptable option for patients who have HEH with extrahepatic manifestation. Highly selected patients may be able to undergo living‐donor LTx, preserving the donor pool. The role of different adjuvant therapies for patients with HEH remains to be determined. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society
Acute myeloid leukemia: Epidemiology and etiology
Authors: Deschler Barbara , Lübbert Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are infrequent, yet highly malignant neoplasms responsible for a large number of cancer‐related deaths. The incidence has been near stable over the last years. It continuously shows 2 peaks in occurrence in early childhood and later adulthood. With an incidence of 3.7 per 100,000 persons and an age‐dependent mortality of 2.7 to nearly 18 per 100,000 persons, there is a rising awareness in the Western world of AML's special attributes resulting from an ever‐aging population. To objectively describe epidemiologic data on this patient population, recent publications were evaluated to make transparent the current trends and facts. A review of the literature is presented, reflecting highlights of current research with respect to AML etiology. To estimate outcome and discuss informed treatment decisions with AML patients of different age groups and different biologic risk categories, it is mandatory to consider that the outcome results reported in clinical trials were until now heavily biased toward younger patients, whereas the overall dismal prognosis documented in population‐based studies most likely reflects the exclusion of older patients from aggressive treatment. The etiology for most cases of AML is unclear, but a growing knowledge concerning leukemogenenic agents within chemotherapy regimens for other malignancies is already available. This includes specific associations of the most frequent balanced translocations in AML, including the “good‐risk” abnormalities comprised by the core binding factor leukemias (i.e., AML with the translocation (8;21) and inversion of chromosome 16, and acute promyelocytic leukemia with the translocation (15;17)). In contrast to these genetic alterations, epigenetic lesions, e.g., promoter silencing by hypermethylation of the p15/INK4b and other genes, are increasingly recognized as important in the pathogenesis of AML. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Roman Sanziana , Lin Rong , Sosa Julie Ann 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare cancer. There is a relative paucity of data over the last decade with regard to the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, the authors used the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to update what to their knowledge is one of the largest series of patients with MTC reported to date.METHODS.All patients with a diagnosis of MTC with active follow‐up in the SEER database from 1973 to 2002 were included. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the associations between demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of patients and survival.RESULTS.A total of 1252 patients with MTC were identified over 29 years of follow‐up. In all, 87% of patients were white and 60% were female, with a mean age of 50 years. Although many variables were significant on univariate analysis, SEER stage and age at diagnosis were found to be the strongest predictors of survival in the multivariate analysis. Prognosis was poor in patients with advanced disease (hazards ratio [HR], 4.47), or those age >65 years (HR, 6.55). Patients who underwent surgery fared better than those who did not. Overall, 51% of patients had less than the currently recommended treatment guidelines for MTC. Adjuvant radiation therapy was found to be independently associated with a decreased survival (HR, 1.65).CONCLUSIONS.Stage of disease and age at diagnosis were found to be the strongest predictors of survival for patients with MTC. To the authors' knowledge there has been no change in stage at diagnosis or asignificant improvement in survival noted over the last 30 years. Many patients underwent surgery that was deemed less than optimal for stage of disease. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
GSNO attenuates EAE disease byS‐nitrosylation‐mediated modulation of endothelial‐monocyte interactions
Authors: Prasad Ratna , Giri Shailendra , Nath Narender , Singh Inderjit , Singh Avtar K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractS‐Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous nitric oxide carrier and recently, has been documented for its anti‐inflammatory effects in rat model of cerebral ischemia (Khan et al. (2005) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25:177–192). Here, we explored the neuroprotective effects mediated by GSNO in Lewis rat model of EAE and its mechanism of action usingin vitromodel of monocyte‐endothelial cell interaction. Oral administration of GSNO attenuated the clinical disease course in EAE animals by inhibiting the infiltration of vascular immune cells in the CNS that subsequently led to the reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and consequently limited demyelination. Based on the inhibition in infiltration of immune cells, we hypothesized that GSNO modulated endothelial cell activation that led to reduce cellular infiltration in the CNS. Using anin vitromodel, we established that GSNO inhibited monocyte adhesion to the activated endothelial cell, which was mediated by down regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The mechanism by which GSNO modulated CAMs expression appeared to be viaS‐nitrosylation of p65, which consequently inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation in endothelial cells. These observations suggest that GSNO exerts its protective effects in EAE by inhibition of cellular infiltration into the CNS byS‐nitrosylation of p65, thereby modulating NF‐κB‐CAMs pathway in endothelial cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical history, cigarette smoking and risk of acoustic neuroma: An international case‐control study
Authors: Schoemaker M.J. , Swerdlow A.J. , Auvinen A. , Christensen H.C. , Feychting M. , Johansen C. , Klæboe L. , Lönn S. , Salminen T. , Tynes T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) is a benign tumor of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Its recorded incidence is increasing but risk factors for this tumor have scarcely been investigated. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study of risk factors for acoustic neuroma in the UK and Nordic countries, including 563 cases and 2,703 controls. Tumor risk was analyzed in relation to medical history and cigarette smoking. Risk of acoustic neuroma was significantly raised in parous compared with nulliparous women (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), but was not related to age at first birth or number of children. Risk was not associated with a history of allergic disease, past head injury, past diagnosis of a neoplasm or birth characteristics, but was significantly raised for past diagnosis of epilepsy (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9). Tumor risk was significantly reduced in subjects who had ever regularly smoked cigarettes (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), but the reduction applied only to current smokers (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4–0.6), not ex‐smokers (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8–1.3). The reduced risk of acoustic neuroma in smokers and raised risk in parous women might relate to sex hormone levels, or smoking might suppress tumor growth, but effects of parity and smoking on timing of diagnosis of the tumor are also a potential explanation. The raised risk in relation to past diagnosis of epilepsy might be a surveillance artefact or imply that epilepsy and/or antiepileptic medication use predispose to acoustic neuroma. These findings need replication by other studies and possible mechanisms need to be clarified. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro biocompatibility of fluorcanasite glass‐ceramics for bone tissue repair
Authors: Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh S. , Reaney I.M. , Brook I.M. , Hurrell‐Gillingham K. , Johnson A. , Hatton P.V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFluorcanasite glass‐ceramics were produced by controlled two stage heat‐treatment of as‐cast glasses. These glasses were modified from stoichiometric fluorcanasite composition by either adding P2O5 or altering the molar ratios of Na2O and CaO. Commercial bioactive 45S5 Bioglass® was also prepared in‐house to evaluate the relative in vitro biocompatibility of fluorcanasite glass‐ceramics. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that cells had colonized the surfaces of fluorcanasite glass‐ceramics to form a confluent sheet. Quantitative MTT assay results were in good agreement with the qualitative SEM observations. It was concluded that incorporation of excess calcium oxide or P2O5 in stoichiometric glass composition improved in vitro biocompatibility. Controlled heat‐treatment further improved the biological response of cultured bone cells to modified fluorcanasite glass‐ceramics when compared with their parent glasses. Ion release and pH data suggested a strong correlation between solubility (in particular, Na ion release) and biocompatibility. Reduced solubility, Na ion release, and related pH effects appeared to be the principal mechanisms responsible for improvement in in vitro biocompatibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Characterization of the structure and reactivity of monocopper–oxygen complexes supported by β‐diketiminate and anilido‐imine ligands
Authors: Gherman Benjamin F. , Tolman William B. , Cramer Christopher J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCopper–oxygen complexes supported by β‐diketiminate and anilido‐imine ligands have recently been reported (Aboelella et al., J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126, 16896; Reynolds et al., Inorg Chem 2005, 44, 6989) as potential biomimetic models for dopamine β‐monooxygenase (DβM) and peptidylglycine α‐hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). However, in contrast to the enzymatic systems, these complexes fail to exhibit CH hydroxylation activity (Reynolds et al., Chem Commun 2005, 2014). Quantum chemical characterization of the 1:1 Cu‐O2 model adducts and related species (Cu(III)‐hydroperoxide, Cu(III)‐oxo, and Cu(III)‐hydroxide) indicates that the 1:1 Cu‐O2 adducts are unreactive toward substrates because of the weakness of the OH bond that would be formed upon hydrogen‐atom abstraction. This in turn is ascribed to the 1:1 adducts having both low reduction potentials and basicities. Cu(III)‐oxo species on the other hand, determined to be intermediate between Cu(III)‐oxo and Cu(II)‐oxyl in character, are shown to be far more reactive toward substrates. Based on these results, design strategies for new DβM and PHM biomimetic ligands are proposed: new ligands should be made less electron rich so as to favor end‐on dioxygen coordination in the 1:1 Cu‐O2 adducts. Comparison of the relative reactivities of the various copper–oxygen complexes as hydroxylating agents provides support for a Cu(II)‐superoxide species as the intermediate responsible for substrate hydroxylation in DβM and PHM, and suggests that a Cu(III)‐oxo intermediate would be competent in this process as well. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
Flagellar apparatus of south‐seeking many‐celled magnetotactic prokaryotes
Authors: Silva Karen Tavares , Abreu Fernanda , Almeida Fernando P. , Keim Carolina Neumann , Farina Marcos , Lins Ulysses 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria orient and migrate along geomagnetic field lines. Each cell contains membrane‐enclosed, nano‐scale, iron‐mineral particles called magnetosomes that cause alignment of the cell in the geomagnetic field as the bacteria swim propelled by flagella. In this work we studied the ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus in many‐celled magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMP) that consist of several Gram‐negative cells arranged radially around an acellular compartment. Flagella covered the organism surface, and were observed exclusively at the portion of each cell that faced the environment. The flagella were helical tubes never as long as a complete turn of the helix. Flagellar filaments varied in length from 0.9 to 3.8 μm (average 2.4 ± 0.5 μm, n = 150) and in width from 12.0 to 19.5 nm (average 15.9 ± 1.4 nm, n = 52), which is different from previous reports for similar microorganisms. At the base of the flagella, a curved hook structure slightly thicker than the flagellar filaments was observed. In freeze‐fractured samples, macromolecular complexes about 50 nm in diameter, which possibly corresponded to part of the flagella basal body, were observed in both the P‐face of the cytoplasmic membrane and the E‐face of the outer membrane. Transmission electron microscopy showed that magnetosomes occurred in planar groups in the cytoplasm close and parallel to the organism surface. A striated structure, which could be involved in maintaining magnetosomes fixed in the cell, was usually observed running along magnetosome chains. The coordinated movement of the MMP depends on the interaction between the flagella of each cell with the flagella of adjacent cells of the microorganism. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.