bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring health‐related quality of life outcomes in bladder cancer patients using the Bladder Cancer Index (BCI)
Authors: Gilbert Scott M. , Wood David P. , Dunn Rodney L. , Weizer Alon Z. , Lee Cheryl T. , Montie James E. , Wei John T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been adequately measured in bladder cancer. A recently developed reliable and disease‐specific quality of life instrument (Bladder Cancer Index, BCI) was used to measure urinary, sexual, and bowel function and bother domains in patients with bladder cancer managed with several different interventions, including cystectomy and endoscopic‐based procedures.METHODS.Patients with bladder cancer were identified from a prospective bladder cancer outcomes database and contacted as part of an Institutional Review Board‐approved study to assess treatment impact on HRQOL. HRQOL was measured using the BCI across stratified treatment groups. Bivariate and multivariable analyses adjusted for age, gender, income, education, relationship status, and follow‐up time were performed to compare urinary, bowel, and sexual domains between treatment groups.RESULTS.In all, 315 bladder cancer patients treated at the University of Michigan completed the BCI in 2004. Significant differences were seen in mean BCI function and bother scores between cystectomy and native bladder treatment groups. In addition, urinary function scores were significantly lower among cystectomy patients treated with continent neobladder compared with those treated with ileal conduit (all pairwise P < .05).CONCLUSIONS.The BCI is responsive to functional and bother differences in patients with bladder cancer treated with different surgical approaches. Significant differences between therapy groups in each of the urinary, bowel, and sexual domains exist. Among patients treated with orthotopic continent urinary diversion, functional impairments related to urinary incontinence and lack of urinary control account for the low observed urinary function scores. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Expression patterns of the ATM gene in mammary tissues and their associations with breast cancer survival
Authors: Ye Chuanzhong , Cai Qiuyin , Dai Qi , Shu Xiao‐ou , Shin Aesun , Gao Yu‐Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene plays a critical role in cell‐cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. However, to date, no study has directly investigated the association between ATM gene expression and breast cancer survival.METHODS.ATM gene expression levels were evaluated in tumor and adjacent normal tissue from patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer or BBD using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of ATM gene expression and survival in a cohort of 471 breast cancer patients.RESULTS.In breast cancer cases, ATM expression in cancer tissues was decreased by approximately 50% compared with adjacent normal tissues from the same patients. In BBD cases, the expression level of the ATM gene was similar in benign tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissues. No apparent difference was found in ATM gene expression levels in adjacent normal tissues obtained from cancer patients or BBD controls. Compared with patients with the lowest tertile of the ATM mRNA, patients in the upper 2 tertiles had more favorable disease‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–0.73 and HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33–0.81, respectively) and overall survival (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.92 and HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.43–1.13, respectively).CONCLUSIONS.The ATM gene expression was down‐regulated in breast cancer tissues and a high ATM gene expression level in breast cancer tissue was associated with a favorable prognosis. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
COPS3 amplification and clinical outcome in osteosarcoma
Authors: Yan Taiqiang , Wunder Jay S. , Gokgoz Nalan , Gill Mona , Eskandarian Sasha , Parkes Robert K. , Bull Shelley B. , Bell Robert S. , Andrulis Irene L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Amplification of several genes that map to a region of chromosome 17p11.2, including COPS3, was observed in high‐grade osteosarcoma. These genes were also shown to be overexpressed and may be involved in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. COPS3 encodes a subunit of the COP9 signalosome implicated in the ubiquitination and ultimately degradation of the P53 tumor suppressor. To determine the relation between COPS3 amplification, P53 mutation, and patient outcome in osteosarcoma, tumors from a large cohort of patients with high‐grade osteosarcoma and long‐term clinical follow‐up were examined.METHODS.Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect copy number changes for COPS3, as well as additional genes (NCOR1, TOM1L2, and PMP22) from the 17p11.2 amplicon, in 155 osteosarcomas from a prospective collection of tumors with corresponding clinical data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess differences in survival between groups.RESULTS.Amplification of COPS3, detected in 31% of the osteosarcomas, was strongly associated with large tumor size (P = .0009), but was not associated with age at diagnosis, site, sex, and tumor necrosis. COPS3 amplification was significantly correlated with a shorter time to metastasis with an estimated hazard ratio (HR) of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.55) in univariate analysis (log‐rank test, P = .042). However, in an a priori multivariate Cox model including the other clinical parameters, the HR for COPS3 amplification decreased to 1.32 (95% CI, 0.82–2.13, P = .25), mainly due to the strong correlation with tumor size. COPS3 amplification and P53 mutation frequently occurred in the same tumors, suggesting that these are not mutually exclusive events in osteosarcoma. Although not statistically significant, patients whose tumors exhibited both molecular alterations tended to be more likely to develop metastasis compared with patients with either COPS3 amplification or P53 mutation alone.CONCLUSIONS.COPS3 is the likely target of the 17p11.2 amplicon. COPS3 may function as an oncogene in osteosarcoma, and an increased copy number may lead to an unfavorable prognosis. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Results of a Phase II trial of oral bexarotene (Targretin) combined with interferon alfa‐2b (Intron‐A) for patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Straus David J. , Duvic Madeleine , Kuzel Timothy , Horwitz Steven , Demierre Marie‐France , Myskowski Patricia , Steckel Steven 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Bexarotene is one of the most active single agents for the treatment of recurring or refractory cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Interferon alfa has also been used for many years as an effective treatment for this disease. The results in recent case reports of the combination of bexarotene and interferon alfa have been promising. Based on more extensive results reported with the combination of other retinoids with interferon alfa, the present study attempted to determine the response rate, response duration, and safety of bexarotene (Targretin capsules, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, Calif) alone and then with the addition of interferon alfa‐2b (Intron‐A, Schering‐Plough, Kenilworth, NJ).METHODS.Patients with biopsy‐proven CTCL, TNM stages IB, IIA, IIB‐IV, were treated with oral bexarotene 300 mg/m2/day for at least 8 weeks. If a complete response was not seen after 8 weeks, interferon alfa‐2b 3 million units (MU) subcutaneously was added, and increased to 5 MU if tolerated, 3 times a week.RESULTS.A total of 22 patients were enrolled at 5 sites, and 18 patients were assessable for response. Overall response rate for combined bexarotene and interferon alfa was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%–64%), including 1 patient with a clinical complete response, 6 patients with partial response, 3 patients with stable disease, and 8 patients with progressive disease. Three partial responses were first noted during the bexarotene‐alone phase. Adverse events were generally manageable, and only 1 patient was withdrawn from study for hypertriglyceridemia.CONCLUSIONS.The addition of interferon alfa‐2b did not increase the response rate that would have been expected with bexarotene alone. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The incidence and impact of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Giles Francis , List Alan , Lyons Roger , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Pierce Sherry , Deuson Robert , Leveque Joseph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction contribute to hemorrhagic complications in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Reliable data regarding the frequency and consequences of thrombocytopenia in MDS are lacking. An extensive literature review indicated that the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (platelets <100 × 109/L) in MDS ranged from 40% to 65%; the median frequency of thrombocytopenia prior to any MDS therapy was 65% (range, 23–93%). A retrospective review of patients who were referred to the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) identified 1605 of 2410 patients (67%) with thrombocytopenia at referral. Of these, 1756 patients were classified using the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), and 896 patients (51%) had intermediate‐2 or high‐risk disease. Treatment‐related thrombocytopenia was observed in studies that involved azacitidine, tipifarnib, decitabine, lenalidomide, sirolimus, and combination chemotherapy with idarubicin, cytarabine, and topotecan. The reported incidence of hemorrhagic complications in the literature ranged from 3% to 53%, and the frequency of hemorrhagic deaths ranged from 14% to 24%. At MDACC, 460 patients had a coded cause of death: hemorrhage as a contributory cause of death, 20%; hemorrhage as the only cause of death, 10%. Thrombocytopenia was common in MDS, and there was an increased prevalence in higher risk IPSS categories. Many approved and investigational MDS therapies caused or exacerbated preexisting thrombocytopenia. The incidence of severe bleeding in MDS was greater than reported in current guidelines. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin with early concurrent radiotherapy in limited‐disease small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Sohn Joo Hyuk , Moon Yong Wha , Lee Chang Geol , Kim Gwi Eon , Chung Kyung Young , Chang Joon , Kim Se Kyu , Kim Young Sam , Choi Byoung Wook , Choi Hye Jin , Kim Joo‐Hang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.A Phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin (IP) with early concurrent radiotherapy was performed in limited‐disease small‐cell lung cancer (LD‐SCLC) to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity.METHODS.For untreated LD‐SCLC patients, irinotecan (60 mg/m2, Days 1, 8, and 15) and cisplatin (40 mg/m2, Days 1 and 8) were repeated every 4 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles. Thoracic radiotherapy of 1.8 Gy/day was begun on Day 1 of the second chemotherapy cycle, up to a total of 45 to 54 Gy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (30 Gy in 10 fractions) was performed on patients with a complete response (CR).RESULTS.Thirty‐three LD‐SCLC patients were enrolled. The median age was 60 years and 31 patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1. Twelve (36.4%) patients had N3 disease. The response rate was 87.9%, with a CR rate of 45.5%. At a median follow‐up period of 27 months the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 14.4 and 26.1 months, respectively, with 2‐year PFS and OS rates of 26.8% and 54.9%. The dominating toxicity was neutropenia, with grade 3–5 of 81.8%. The most common grade 3–5 nonhematologic toxicities were diarrhea (21.2%), anorexia (21.2%), and fatigue (21.2%). Grade 3–5 radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis occurred in 18.2% and 9.1% of patients, respectively. There were 2 treatment‐related deaths from sepsis and radiation pneumonitis.CONCLUSIONS.IP with early concurrent radiotherapy was effective and tolerable in untreated LD‐SCLC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Development of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunits in avian auditory brainstem
Authors: Tang Ye‐Zhong , Carr Catherine E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit‐specific probes were used to characterize developmental changes in the distribution of excitatory amino acid receptors in the chicken's auditory brainstem nuclei. Although NR1 subunit expression does not change greatly during the development of the cochlear nuclei in the chicken (Tang and Carr [2004] Hear. Res 191:79–89), there are significant developmental changes in NR2 subunit expression. We used in situ hybridization against NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D to compare NR1 and NR2 expression during development. All five NMDA subunits were expressed in the auditory brainstem before embryonic day (E) 10, when electrical activity and synaptic responses appear in the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and the nucleus laminaris (NL). At this time, the dominant form of the receptor appeared to contain NR1 and NR2B. NR2A appeared to replace NR2B by E14, a time that coincides with synaptic refinement and evoked auditory responses. NR2C did not change greatly during auditory development, whereas NR2D increased from E10 and remained at fairly high levels into adulthood. Thus changes in NMDA NR2 receptor subunits may contribute to the development of auditory brainstem responses in the chick. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:400–413, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of sensory neocortex in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Campi Katharine L. , Karlen Sarah J. , Bales Karen L. , Krubitzer Leah 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the current investigation, the functional organization of visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex was examined in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) by using electrophysiological recording techniques. Functional boundaries of cortical fields were directly related to myeloarchitectonic boundaries. Our results demonstrated that most of the neocortex is occupied by the visual, auditory, and somatosensory areas. Specifically, a small area 17, or primary visual area (V1), was located on the caudomedial pole of the neocortex; a large auditory cortex (AC), which contains the primary auditory area (A1) and other auditory fields, encompassed almost the entire temporal pole; and a large area 3b, or primary somatosensory area (S1), contained a complete representation of the contralateral body surface. Furthermore, these areas were coextensive with distinct myeloarchitectonic appearances. We also observed that the AC appeared to be disproportionately large in the prairie vole compared with other rodents. In addition, we found that both primary and nonprimary areas contained neurons that responded to auditory stimulation. Finally, we observed within S1 a disproportionate amount of cortex that was devoted to representing the perioral hairs and the snout and also that neurons within this representation had very small receptive fields. We discuss the expanded auditory domain and the enlarged representation of perioral hairs as they relate to the specialized life style of the prairie vole. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:414–426, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odorants with multiple oxygen‐containing functional groups and other odorants with high water solubility preferentially activate posterior olfactory bulb glomeruli
Authors: Johnson Brett A. , Arguello Spart , Leon Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn past studies in which we mapped 2‐deoxyglucose uptake evoked by systematically different odorant chemicals across the entire rat olfactory bulb, glomerular responses could be related to each odorant's particular oxygen‐containing functional group. In the present study we tested whether aliphatic odorants containing two such functional groups (esters, ketones, acids, alcohols, and ethers) would stimulate the combination of glomerular regions that are associated with each of the functional groups separately, or whether they would evoke unique responses in different regions of the bulb. We found that these very highly water‐soluble molecules rarely evoked activity in the regions responding to the individual functional groups; instead, they activated posterior glomeruli located about halfway between the dorsal and ventral extremes in both the lateral and the medial aspects of the bulb. Additional highly water‐soluble odorants, including very small molecules with single oxygenic groups, also strongly stimulated these posterior regions, resulting in a statistically significant correlation between posterior 2‐deoxyglucose uptake and molecular properties associated with water solubility. By showing that highly water‐soluble odorants stimulate a part of the bulb associated with peripheral and ventral regions of the epithelium, our results challenge a prevalent notion that such odorants would activate class I odorant receptors located in zone 1 of the olfactory epithelium, which projects to the dorsal aspect of the bulb. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:468–482, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonintegrin laminin receptor precursor protein is expressed on olfactory stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Jang Woochan , Kim Kwang Pyo , Schwob James E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe biochemical identification and immunocytochemical characterization of a cell surface antigen, expressed on globose basal cells (GBCs) of the rodent olfactory epithelium (OE), are described. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) GBC‐3 recognizes a surface protein, confirmed by both live cell staining and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE/Western blot followed by tandem mass spectrometry demonstrates that the cell surface GBC‐3 antigen is the 40 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein. The MAb GBC‐3 labels the vast majority of cells among the GBC population and does not stain either sustentacular cells or horizontal basal cells (HBCs) in the normal rat OE. After epithelial lesion by exposure to methyl bromide, the remaining cells, which are mostly GBCs, are heavily stained by GBC‐3, and colabeled with GBC‐3 and sustentacular cell or HBC markers. GBC‐3 will be a potentially useful tool for identifying and characterizing GBCs. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:367–381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐Range Self‐Governing Motion of Polymer Gel on a Gradiently Charged Insulating Substrate
Authors: Liang Songmiao , Xu Jian , Weng Lihui , Zhang Lina , Guo Xinglin , Zhang Xiaoli 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHerein, we report a special poly(vinyl alcohol)/dimethylsulfoxide (PVA/DMSO) gel electromechanical system with great self‐governed capability. The system is operated in air by applying a noncontacted DC electric field. When the applied electric field exceeds a certain critical value, the gel exhibits fast and self‐governing locomotion on the gradiently charged glass substrate. In contrast to field‐controlled gel systems developed earlier, the crawling direction of the gel is independent of the direction of the applied electric field and can be actively controlled. The maximum crawling velocity can reach 3.22 mm s−1, which is much larger than that of the actuators described earlier. Furthermore, some factors that influence the critical driving electric field and the average crawling speed of the gel were studied. The mechanism analysis indicates that, the self‐governing linear motion of the gel is due to the spatially and temporally varying electrostatic interaction between the gel and the applied electric field in response to the gradient change of the charge density and the charge polarity on the substrate.
Postplasmic/PEM RNAs: A class of localized maternal mRNAs with multiple roles in cell polarity and development in ascidian embryos
Authors: Prodon François , Yamada Lixy , Shirae‐Kurabayashi Maki , Nakamura Yoriko , Sasakura Yasunori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAscidian is a good model to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for mRNA localization with the discovery of a large family of localized maternal mRNAs, called postplasmic/PEM RNAs, which includes more than 40 members in three different ascidian species (Halocynthia roretzi, Ciona intestinalis, and C. savignyi). Among these mRNAs, two types (Type I and Type II) have been identified and show two different localization patterns from fertilization to the eight‐cell stage. At the eight‐cell stage, both types concentrate to a macromolecular cortical structure called CAB (for Centrosome Attracting Body) in the posterior‐vegetal B4.1 blastomeres. The CAB is responsible for unequal cleavages and the partitioning of postplasmic/PEM RNAs at the posterior pole of embryos during cleavage stages. It has also been suggested that the CAB region could contain putative germ granules. In this review, we discuss recent data obtained on the distribution of Type I postplasmic/PEM RNAs from oogenesis to late development, in relation to their localization and translational control. We have first regrouped localization patterns for Type I and Type II into a comparative diagram and included all important definitions in the field. We also have made an exhaustive classification of their embryonic expression profiles (Type I or Type II), and analyzed their functions after knockdown and/or overexpression experiments and the role of the 3′‐untranslated region (3′UTR) controlling both their localization and translation. Finally, we propose a speculative model integrating recent data, and we also discuss the relationship between postplasmic/PEM RNAs, posterior specification, and germ cell formation in ascidians. Developmental Dynamics 236:1698–1715, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projecting 2D gene expression data into 3D and 4D space
Authors: Gerth Victor E. , Katsuyama Kaori , Snyder Kevin A. , Bowes Jeff B. , Kitayama Atsushi , Ueno Naoto , Vize Peter D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVideo games typically generate virtual 3D objects by texture mapping an image onto a 3D polygonal frame. The feeling of movement is then achieved by mathematically simulating camera movement relative to the polygonal frame. We have built customized scripts that adapt video game authoring software to texture mapping images of gene expression data onto b‐spline based embryo models. This approach, known as UV mapping, associates two‐dimensional (U and V) coordinates within images to the three dimensions (X, Y, and Z) of a b‐spline model. B‐spline model frameworks were built either from confocal data or de novo extracted from 2D images, once again using video game authoring approaches. This system was then used to build 3D models of 182 genes expressed in developing Xenopus embryos and to implement these in a web‐accessible database. Models can be viewed via simple Internet browsers and utilize openGL hardware acceleration via a Shockwave plugin. Not only does this database display static data in a dynamic and scalable manner, the UV mapping system also serves as a method to align different images to a common framework, an approach that may make high‐throughput automated comparisons of gene expression patterns possible. Finally, video game systems also have elegant methods for handling movement, allowing biomechanical algorithms to drive the animation of models. With further development, these biomechanical techniques offer practical methods for generating virtual embryos that recapitulate morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:1036–1043, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.