bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of testing for anti‐dna and the complement components ic3b, bb, and c4 in the assessment of activity of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Clough John D. , Chang Rose K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeventy‐one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), seen in an outpatient setting for follow‐up evaluation during a 3‐mo period, were tested (in addition to routine lupus monitoring studies) with enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for anti‐DNA, iC3b, and factor Bb to determine the relationship of these test results to disease activity. SLE activity was scored by four previously reported scoring systems, and six patients were identified as active by all four systems. We found that the EIA for anti‐DNA was the best indicator of disease activity and that iC3b and Bb were not informative for this purpose in this group of patients. Mean iC3b levels were higher in a subset of seven patients with past biopsy evidence of severe (WHO class IV) glomerulonephritis than in the rest of the study population, even though none of these patients had active disease at the time of this study.
Precision of the islet‐cell antibody assay depends on the pancreas
Authors: Landin‐Olsson M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral workshops attempting to standardize the islet‐cell antibody (ICA) assay have demonstrated marked but unexplained inter‐laboratory variation. In this study, the effect of using 10 different pancreata to quantitate ICA in a standardized two‐color immunofluorescence test within the same laboratory was evaluated. Sera from 11 recent‐onset insulin‐dependent diabetic patients and one healthy control were analyzed. The negative control serum was recorded as ICA negative in all 10 pancreata. The ICA end‐point titers varied, with 1.1‐2.4 titration steps in standard deviations in the 10 different pancreata. The interassay variability within the same pancreas was 0.6‐0.9 titration steps and therefore could not alone explain the interpancreatic variation. The end‐point titers in the different pancreata were highly correlated (rs = 0.71‐1.0), supporting the hypothesis that the pancreatic tissue strongly influences the ICA levels. A quality index was developed for selection of pancreata with qualities for ICA analyses. The international ICA standard serum used to express the results in Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units diminished the interpancreatic variability.
Cholesterol oxides and carcinogenesis
Authors: Morin Robert J. , Hu Bing , Peng Shi‐Kaung , Sevanian Alex 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental evidence indicates a relationship between cholesterol α‐epoxide and skin cancer, and exposure of skin fibroblasts to ultraviolet radiation enduces formation of significant levels of this oxide. Colon cancer is also etiologically linked to cholesterol oxidation products. Higher than normal levels of cholestanetriol have been found in patients with colon cancer and also in those with precancerous disorders such as adenomatous polyps and ulcerative colitis. Higher than normal levels of cholesterol α‐epoxide have been found in breast fluid aspirates of women with benign breast disease, with or without atypical hyperplasia of the epithelium, and this may be a factor in the increased incidence of breast cancer associated with hyperplasia. Similarly, the observed increased levels of cholesterol α and β‐epoxides in prostatic fluid of men with benign prostatic hypertrophy may be associated with subsequent development of prostate cancer.Cholesterol α‐epoxide has been found to be mutagenic to fibroblasts in culture and to induce morphological transformation in hamster embryo cells and in mouse C3H cells. 25‐Hydroxycholesterol and 20α‐hydroxycholesterol are potent suppressors of generation and proliferation of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Although investigations into the role of cholesterol oxidation products in cancer are still in the early stages, evidence to date indicates a potentially significant role in the induction of some types of cancer.
Detection of group a streptococci by aerobic culture and a new simplified immunoassay in three pediatric practices and a hospital laboratory
Authors: Kellogg James A. , Bankert David A. , Schonauer Thomas D. , Landis Robert C. , Nussbaum Allen S. , Levisky John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuplicate throat swabs for detection of group A streptococci were collected in three pediatric offices from 1,035 patients with symptoms of pharyngitis. In the collecting office and in the hospital laboratory, one swab from each patient was first inoculated to sheep blood agar (incubated at 35°C aerobically for 2 days) and then tested for group A streptococcal antigen by using the SMART enzyme immunoassay technique (New Horizons Diagnostics Corp) incubated for up to 24 hours. Group A streptococci were recovered in culture (from one or both swabs) and serologically identified from 444 (42.9%) of the patients. Pediatric offices numbers 1, 2, and 3 detected 84.4%, 84.6%, and 82.2%, respectively, of their patients who had positive cultures (in the office and/or laboratory) by using their own culture system and 82.6%, 71.1%, and 84.9%, respectively, of these same patients by using the SMART technique. In the laboratory, SMART test sensitivity and specificity were 71.4% and 98.7%, respectively, after 5 minutes of test incubation. However, SMART test sensitivity improved to 86.5% after overnight incubation of the immunoassay and to 91.3% if the data from one defective lot of seven SMART production lots studied were excluded. SMART test results which are negative after 5 minutes of incubation should therefore be confirmed both by reincubation of the antigen test up to 24 hours and by culture.
Evaluation of hiv p24 antigen, beta2‐microglobulin, neopterin, soluble cd4, soluble cd8, and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor levels in patients with aids or aids‐related complex treated with 2′,3′‐dideoxyinosine (ddl)
Authors: Reddy Mohan M. , McKinley George F. , Grieco Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCirculating HIV P24 antigen, beta2‐microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD4, soluble CD8, and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor were measured in 13 zidovudine‐intolerant patients (8 with ARC and 5 with AIDS) treated with dideoxyinosine (ddI). Measurements were made at baseline and at several intervals during therapy. Mean levels of HIV P24 antigen decreased early and significantly (P<0.01) after 2 weeks of ddI administration and remained low at weeks 8 and 12. In addition, mean SCD8 levels decreased late and significantly (P<0.02) after 16 weeks of ddI treatment and remained low at 24 weeks. In contrast, ddI administration had no substantial effect on mean levels of beta2‐microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD4, and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor. ddI administration appears to have been associated with early reduction of HIV P24 antigen levels and later reduction of SCD8 mean levels in these patients.
Microtiter plate assay for phagocyte‐derived Taurine‐chloramines
Authors: Witko Véronique , Nguyen Anh Thu , Descamps‐Latscha Béatrice 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDespite their potential importance, the role of phagocyte‐derived chloramines (“longlived oxidants”) has not yet been investigated in inflammatory or infectious diseases. We have developed a sensitive spectrophotometric microtiter plate assay for chloramines based on their capacity to oxidize potassium iodide (Kl). Consistant levels of endogenous chloramines were detected in normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) supernatants after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan. Exogenous taurine strongly enhanced chloramine secretion and was used to quantify the chlorinating potential of PMN. Taurine‐chloramines were also detectable in monocyte supenatants, although in smaller amounts. The specificity of the KI assay was assessed both in terms of effect of compounds inhibiting (KBr) or interacting with (sodium azide and catalase) chloramine formation and by showing that PMN from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, due to a hereditary lack of oxidative response capacity, were unable to produce chloramines. Taurine‐chloramine levels secreted by PMA (but not zymosan)‐stimulated PMN were closely related to the cellular luminol‐amplified chemiluminescence (CL) responses although the CL assay failed to detect chloramines in PMN supernatants. We consider that this KI assay should be of use in studying the role of long‐lived phagocyte‐derived oxidants in clinical medicine.
Cross‐reactivity of highly purified okadaic acid (OA), synthetic, spiroketal east sphere of OA and ciguatoxin
Authors: Hokama Y. , Hong T. W. P. , Isobe M. , Ichikawa Y. , Yasumoto T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study presents data from the crossreactivity analysis of purified ciguatoxin (CTX), okadaic acid (OA), and the East sphere or Fragment B‐C of OA with their homologous antibodies, monoclonal antibodies to ciguatoxin (MAb‐CTX) and okadaic acid (MAb‐OA). The test system used was the stick enzyme immunoassay. MAb‐CTX gave peak titers of 1.5ng, 10ng and 50ng respectively for CTX, East sphere and OA. Competitive inhibition analysis showed that 4ng purified CTX blocked completely MAb‐CTX reaction with crude CTX, OA and East sphere of OA blocked at similar concentrations (approximately 50ng). The activity with MAb‐OA in the homologous system with OA and East sphere was insignificant. This may be attributable to the improper concentrations used. The cross‐reactivity between MAb‐CTX with OA and its Fragment B‐C may cause difficulty in the test system in its application to assess toxic fish due to ciguatoxin.
Heat inactivation of bovine serum used for blockade in immunoenzymatic assay is associated with spurious fall on the titers of anticardiolipin antibodies in primary antiphospholipid syndrome sera
Authors: Nava Arnulfo , Bañales José L. , Reyes Pedro A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were evaluated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with and without heat inactivation of bovine serum used for plastic surface blockade. Untreated sera samples from primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients (PAS) and healthy blood donors (HBD) were tested. A significant decrease of ACA liters of PAS sera occurred with inactivated bovine serum blockade ELISA when compared with basal ELISA. In HBD sera there was no significant change. Probably, as happens with normal human serum, heating for normal bovine serum produces an increase in ACA titers. This bovine ACA may react with cardiolipin, and when human samples are added, they find antigen sites occupied, resulting in a spurious decrease of ACA titers. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of cell adhesion molecules in the salivary and lacrimal glands of Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Saito Ichiro , Terauchi Kumiko , Shimuta Misa , Nishiimura Satoshi , Yoshino Kenichi , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Tsubota Kazuo , Miyasaka Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe attempted to determine whether cell adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), and E‐selectin (endothelial‐leukocyte adhesion molecule‐1; ELAM‐1), are involved in the lymphoid cell infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) patients.Both immunohistochemical analysis and the reverse‐transcripts polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were used to analyze the expression of VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, ELAM‐1, very late antigen 4 (VLA‐4 [α4, β1]), lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β).Immunohistochemical analysis of salivary gland biopsies from SS patients showed a marked expression of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 in the venules surrounded by infiltrated CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells. E‐selectin was expressed on vascular endothelium with weak intensity. Increased levels of VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, IFN‐γ, and IL‐1β mRNA were demonstrated by RT‐PCR, whereas E‐selectin mRNA were weakly expressed in SS iacrimal and salivary gland tissues. This is in contrast with strong expression of ELAM‐1 in IL‐1β‐stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro.Cytokine‐mediated up‐regulation of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 that facilitates the recruitment of VLA‐4 and LFA‐1 expressing T cells might contribute to lymphoid cell infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands in SS. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemiluminographic detection of von Willebrand factor multimeric composition
Authors: Wen Long T. , Smolec Jo Marie , Coughlin Jan , McPherson Richard A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiagnosis of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) requires quantitation of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in plasma plus qualitative assessment of the vWF multimers according to molecular size ranges. Characterization of vWF multimeric size distributions is typically done using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS‐AGE) followed by immunoblotting in the gel with radiolabeled antibody against vWF and autoradiographic exposure. We applied a western blot technique to vWF multimeric analysis. It included SDS‐AGE, electroblotting onto a membrane, and chemiluminescent detection using rabbit anti‐human vWF as primary antibody and goat anti‐rabbit IgG as secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. Using this method, 18 to 20 vWF multimers were regularly resolved in normal plasma with exposure times of 2 to 4 sec compared to 4 hr or longer by autoradiography. Sensitivity of detection was at least 4‐fold enhanced by chemiluminescence compared to radiolabel. Specificity of the assay was confirmed by analysis of plasma samples known to be deficient to different degrees in the larger vWF multimers. The chemiluminographic assay for vWF multimers is superior to the autoradiographic one because it is more sensitive, avoids use of radioactivity, and has shorter total assay time (under 2 days versus five radiolabel). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of reference ranges for fatty acids in serum
Authors: Sera Ronald K. , McBride James H. , Higgins Sharon A. , Rodgerson Denis O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLong chain fatty acid fractionation has become a valuable tool in the management of patients maintained on total parenteral nutrition. While many clinicians prefer to use absolute concentrations to monitor a patient's fatty acid status, reference ranges are not available. Previous reference range studies reported values in terms of percentages only and calculated ranges parametrically. However, due to the non‐Gaussian distributions of some serum fatty acids, it is necessary to calculate reference ranges non‐parametrically. Serum from blood donors (n = 130) were collected and analyzed for total fatty acids by gas‐liquid chromatography. Results for each of the fatty acids were calculated both as a concentration and as a percentage of the total fatty acids measured. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of antibody IgG to HIV‐1 in urine by ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant p24 as antigen for diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Hashida Seiichi , Hashinaka Kazuya , Hirota Kouichi , Saitoh Atsushi , Nakata Atsuo , Shinagawa Hideo , Oka Shinichi , Shimada Kaoru , Mimaya Jun‐Ichi , Matsushita Shuzo , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was detected by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant p24 gag protein (p24) of HIV‐1 as antigen and β‐D‐galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label. Anti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was reacted simultaneously with 2, 4‐dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin‐recombinant p24 conjugate and recombinant p24‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed, consisting of the three components, was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐2, 4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG, eluted with ϵN‐2, 4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine, and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. Bound γ‐D‐galactosidase activity was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was at least 3, 000‐fold more sensitive than conventional methods. The lowest signal among 49 asymptomatic carriers was 3.1‐fold higher than the highest nonspecific signal among 100 seronegative subjects. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. The positivity could be confirmed by preincubation of urine samples with excess of the antigen. Thus, this assay would be a powerful tool for detecting IgG antibody to HIV‐1 in urine. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of candida enolase antibody in patients with candidiasis
Authors: Mitsutake Kotaro , Kohno Shigeru , Miyazaki Takashige , Miyazaki Haruko , Maesaki Shigefumi , Koga Hironobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe serodiagnostic value of candidaenolase antibody was evaluated in 27 patients with systemic candidiasis. The glycolytic enzyme enolase was prepared from Candida albicans IFM 40009 and used as the antigen for immunoblot assays. IgG class antibody was found in the sera of 17 of 27 patients (62.9%) obtained during the early course of the infection. Serial sampling of sera increased the number of patients with positive Candida enolase antibody, which was detected in 25 of 27 patients (92.5%). None of the patients with localized candidiasis showed a positive IgG titer more than 1:100. The specificity of Candida enolase IgG antibody was 95%. This antibody was observed in various candida species: Candida albicans (6/7, 85.7%); C. parapsilosis (7/9, 77.9%); C. tropicalis (5/5, 100%); C. guilliermondii (4/4, 100%); and C. glabrata (1/3, 33.3%). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactivity of chagasic sera with crude and highly purified glycosphingolipid fractions from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes
Authors: Boas Maria Helena Villas , da Silva Maria Cleide Florentino , de Oliveira Tereza Gomes , Travassos Luiz Rodolpho , Bergter Eliana Barreto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe reactivities of sera from patients with Chagas disease or from T. cruzi‐immunized rabbits with two different lipid preparations of T. cruzi were assessed using epimastigote antigens. Serum reactivities were determined using a quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antigen 1 represents the lower phase obtained from crude lipid extract after Folch partition (LCL). Antigen 2 is a highly purified glycosphingolipid fraction (GSL). The LCL antigen discriminated quite well the reactivities of Chagasic patients' sera and sera from healthy individuals, as well as between the serum from a T. cruzi‐immunized rabbit (TIRS) and normal rabbit serum (NRS). A strong reactivity with GSL was obtained with TIRS. Reactivity with GSL was also obtained with human Chagasic sera. Compared to a group of normal individuals, the reactions of antibodies directed against lipid antigens were considerably increased in sera of patients with Chagas disease. Chagasic sera did not differentiate between glycolipids with terminal β‐glucosyl or β‐galactosyl nonreducing units. They discriminated, however, glucosylceramides with differences in the ceramide structure. To determine the specificity of Chagasic sera, antibodies isolated on LCL‐immunosorbent (LCL‐Ch Abs) as well as on laminin‐immunosorbent (Lam‐Ch Abs) were tested against laminin and LCL antigens. We found that Lam‐Ch Abs reacted with murine laminin, whereas the reaction was negative with LCL. In contrast, the LCL‐Ch Abs reacted either with LCL antigens or with laminin. The reactivity with laminin was strong in comparison with LCL. Results suggest that although the glycolipids are recognized by Chagasic patients' sera, the reactive antibodies are not specific since they reacted quite well with murine laminin. Polyspecific antibodies from Chagasic sera have already been described using other unrelated antigens. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐Glycosphingolipid autoantibodies in rheumatologic disorders
Authors: Zeballos Roberto S. , Fox Robert I. , Cheresh David A. , McPherson Richard A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibodies directed against ganglioside GM1 or sulfatides are frequently associated with motor or sensorimotor neuropathies. To establish the prevalence of such antiglycosphingolipid autoantibodies in autoimmune disorders and to determine whether they contribute to neurologic symptoms in those individuals, we measured these antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from rheumatologic patients with and without peripheral neuropathies (PN). We tested 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (9 with PN), 26 with Sjögren's syndrome (12 with PN), 34 with scleroderma (28 with PN), and 14 with rheumatoid arthritis (4 with PN).Samples from 32 normal individuals were also tested. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis had elevated concentrations of GM1 antibodies and scleroderma patients had lower levels of sulfatide antibodies compared to healthy individuals. The presence of ganglioside or sulfatide antibodies did not correlate with the development of peripheral neuropathy in these patients. These findings suggest that relatively low‐titer glycosphingolipid antibodies may arise as part of a nonspecific polyclonal gammopathy in rheumatologic disorders but generally without clinical manifestation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of three commercially available enzyme immunoassays for the screening of autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens
Authors: Jaskowski Troy D. , Schroder Carl , Martins Thomas B. , Mouritsen Lars , Hill Harry R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe initial screening test used in the diagnosis of connective tissue diseases is based on the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). When the ANA screen is positive, it is often useful to determine the specificity of the autoantibody to a series of extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), a procedure that has been classically performed by double immunodiffusion. Testing large numbers of clinical specimens for autoantibodies to ENA by double diffusion techniques can be time‐consuming and expensive. ENA screening systems that employ enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technology have recently become commercially available. We compared three EIA ENA assays to classic Ouchterlony double diffusion techniques. Furthermore, the sensitivity of each antigen and methodology (including ANA immunofluorescence using HEp‐2 cells) was tested using ENA positive sera possessing single autoantibodies. Two of the three EIAs that detected immunoglobulin G type autoantibodies to Smith (Sm), ribonucleoprotein (RNP), Sjögren's syndrome‐associated antigens Ro (SSA) and La (SSB), were provided by INOVA and Sigma Diagnostics. A third EIA, which also included scleroderma‐associated antigen 70 (SCL‐70/DNA‐topoisomerase I) and histidyl‐tRNA synthetase (Jo‐1) in addition to the four previously stated antigens, was provided by Clark Laboratories. This latter ENA screen detected IgG, IgA, and IgM type autoantibodies. Included in the study were sera covering a wide variety of anti‐nuclear and other autoantibodies. Sensitivity was 100% for all EIA ENA screens when compared to Ouchterlony double diffusion and specificity exceeded 95% in each case. Sensitivity studies showed Ouchterlony to be less sensitive than EIA when detecting low levels of autoantibodies to ENA. After the detection of ANA antibody by IFA, EIAs utilizing combined antigens can be used to screen large numbers of clinical specimens for autoantibodies against SSA, SSB, Sm, RNP/SCL‐70, and Jo‐1 prior to confirmation by Ouchterlony double diffusion.©1995 wiley‐Liss, inc.