bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronized data services over MPEG—2 digital television broadcast systems
Authors: Brunheroto J. , Chernock R. , Dettori P. , Paraszczak J. , Schaffa F. , Seidman D. , Dong X. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUntil the present, the digital television (DTV) industry has focused providing high—quality basic video and audio services. With advancements in the underlying technologies, digital television is likely to evolve into a much more interactive medium, involving advanced data services and applications which are both integrated with and synchronized to the video/audio content of the broadcast. We present our approach for the implementation of these synchronized data services, with emphasis on the issues of content synchronization and the optimization of data placement in the broadcast stream.
Geographical and temporal characteristics of inter‐POP flows: View from a single pop
Authors: Bhattacharyya Supratik , Diot Christophe , Taft Nina , Jetcheva Jorjeta 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study traffic demands in an IP bacbkone, identify the routes used by these demands, and evaluate traffic granularity levels that are attractive for improving the poor load balancing that our study reveals. The data used in this study was collected at a major POP in a commercial Tier‐1 IP backbone. In the first part of this paper we ask two questions. What is the traffic demand between a pair of POPs in the backbone? How stable is this demand? We develop a methodology that combines packet‐level traces from access links in the POP and BGP routing information to build components of POP‐to‐POP traffic matrices. Our analysis shows that the geographic spread of traffic across egress POPs is far from uniform. In addition, we find that the time of day behaviors for different POPs and different access links also exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity. In the second part of this work, we examine commercial routing practices to assess how these demands are routed through the backbone. We find that traffic between a pair of POPs is engineered to be restricted to a few paths and that this contributes to widely varying link utilization levels. The natural question that follows from these findings is whether or not there is a better way to spread the traffic across backbone paths. We identify traffic aggregates based on destination address prefixes and find that this set of criteria isolates a few aggregates that account for an overwhelmingly large portion of inter‐POP traffic. We demonstrate that these aggregates exhibit stability throughout the day on per‐hour time scales, and thus form a natural basis for splitting traffic over multiple paths to improve load balancing.
An integrated approach to MPLS traffic engineering over automatically switched transport networks
Authors: Van Hoey G. , Van Bosch S. Den , De Vallée‐Poussin P. La , Degrande N. , De Neve H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInternet traffic engineering is defined as performance evaluation and performance optimisation of operational IP networks. The definition covers both planning and routing optimisation. Planning typically optimises network topology at large time scales. Routing optimisation optimises the routing configuration in the network for a specific traffic matrix, assuming a fixed topology. With automatically switched transport networks the topology provides an additional degree of freedom at time scales on the order of magnitude of those at which traffic engineering operates. Therefore, in such a network, the decision processes should be co‐ordinated. The present contribution describes an approach and algorithms to support such co‐ordinated decisions in a centralised off‐line traffic‐engineering tool. The approach optimises the logical topology and link capacity overlaying the ASTN and the IP routing configuration. It is supported by a simulation example.
Kalman‐filters in subbands for noise reduction with enhanced pitch‐adaptive speech model estimation
Authors: Puder Henning 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach for a Kalman filter which enhances single channel speech signals disturbed by car noise. For the Kalman filters, the speech and noise signals are modelled by AR processes and the corresponding models have to be estimated, based on the noisy speech. To avoid high model orders, the filtering is performed in subbands. We especially focus on the estimation of the speech model: First, standard model estimation methods are investigated and the method giving the best stable model is then utilized as a preliminary solution. To enhance the models without generating musical tones, a new method is proposed that utilizes estimates of the speaker's pitch frequency. The algorithm we present has less than 39 ms delay and thus fulfills the ETSI requirements for mobile telephony [1].
On the importance function in splitting simulation
Authors: Garvels Marnix J. J. , Van Ommeren Jan‐Kees C. W. , Kroese Dirk P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThesplitting methodis a simulation technique for the estimation of very small probabilities. In this technique, the sample paths are split into multiple copies, at various stages in the simulation. Of vital importance to the efficiency of the method is theImportance Function(IF). This function governs the placement of the thresholds or surfaces at which the paths are split We derive a characterisation of the optimal IF and show that for multi‐dimensional models the “natural” choice for the IF is usually not optimal. We also show how nearly optimal splitting surfaces can be derived or simulated using reverse time analysis. Our numerical experiments illustrate that by using the optimal IF, one can obtain a significant improvement in simulation efficiency.
The spatial dimension in the case of mc‐cdma
Authors: Lindner JÜRgen , Pietsch Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAfter discussing basic possibilities to exploit the spatial dimension for wireless communications, a vector transmission model for MIMO channels is taken to investigate the potential of the spatial dimension for MC‐CDMA. For frequency‐selective channels it is shown that the spreading component of MC‐CDMA may already provide enough diversity, so that it gets more important to use the spatial component offered by MIMO channels for parallel transmissions.
Ring planning in transport networks with very high resilience requirements
Authors: Parnis Noel , Cotta Bruno , Drakopoulos Elias , Antonopoulos Andreas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper we concentrate on issues relating to the planning and design of ring transport networks with stringent resilience requirements. Given the standardized and widely used ring protection schemes as well as the Single Ring Interconnection (SRI) and the Dual Node Interworking (DNI) schemes, we engage in a study to examine the issues and trade‐offs arising from the variety of architecture options when planning a network. We analyze and compare the resilience properties of the various options including the recently defined and developed DNI on protection interworking feature. We then use a case study to demonstrate the traffic carrying capabilities and the resilience properties of the various available architectures under different traffic scenarios. Trade‐offs introduced are illustrated and explained and an analysis of the modeling results allows for a better understanding of the significance of ring clustering for resilience purposes. We conclude on the penalties of DNI when MS‐SPRings and SNCP‐ring architectures are employed and we demonstrate that significant efficiencies can be achieved from the emergence of DNI on protection techniques.
Design and implementation of a diffserv enabled HFC system offering Strict QoS support
Authors: Angelopoulos John , Leligou Helen‐Catherine , Boettle Dietrich , Wahl Stephan , Christ Paul , Jaehnert Juergen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWidespread deployment of Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) systems created a new residential access platform upgrading traditional cable TV networks, which were limited to distributed services. This evolution is driven by demand for faster Internet access from customers frustrated by slow telephone line and ISDN modem speeds. As residential traffic with voice and video‐intensive content proliferates, the current generation of cable modems, which are oriented towards best‐effort traffic, will need to be enhanced with new capabilities to handle the increased bandwidth and quality requirements. To integrate telecom services presenting diverse quality requirements over the same HFC access infrastructure necessitates a degree of isolation of traffic classes. The difficulty of handling finer aggregations because of the limited MAC reservation resources and the cost limitation of residential access make the scalability of the differentiated services architecture as relevant in the HFC access network as in any traffic multiplexer. An implementation integrating IP and ATM and aligning the system to the DiffServ philosophy is presented in this paper. It constitutes an affordable system solution for residential customers enabling the support of QoS‐demanding services.
α-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Alagille Daniel 
Published: September 2008

Liver disease related to a-1-antitrypsin deficiency occurs only in Pi ZZ homozygous children. Eleven per cent of Pi ZZ infants present with prolonged neonatal cholestasis. In our group, 25 of 45 Pi ZZ infants with prolonged neonatal cholestasis presented with later cirrhosis. Persistence of jaundice beyond the sixth month of age, early development of splenomegaly, persistence of hard hepatomegaly and liver function abnormalities, and early portal fibrosis have a poor prognostic significance. The most severe course occurs in infants with an early histologic pattern of paucity of interlobular bile ducts. Portal hypertension was present in 19 of 25 children presenting with cirrhosis; 8 of 25 Pi ZZ children with cirrhosis died during childhood.
Long-term protein-restricted diet and portal systemic shunts were helpful in treatment of four Pi ZZ children with cirrhosis; however, the long-term course in Pi ZZ children with cirrhosis is unpredictable.
The assessment of genotoxic effects of wastewater from a fertilizer factory
Authors: Durgo Ksenija , Oreščanin Višnja , Lulić Stipe , Kopjar Nevenka , elježić Davor Ž , Čolić Jasna Franekić 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study we investigated cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects of different concentrations of wastewater from the phosphoric gypsum depot near the factory for fertilizing agents ‘INA Petrokemija’ (Kutina, Croatia). The Ames test was performed on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, in the presence of S9 mix, glutathione and buffer, respectively. Cytotoxicity was studied on human laryngeal carcinoma cells (HEp2) and human cervical cells (HeLa). The level of lipid peroxidation in these two cell lines was evaluated in parallel. To establish the levels of primary DNA damage, the alkaline comet assay was performed on treated human peripheral blood leukocytes. No mutagenic effects of phosphoric gypsum on Salmonella typhimurium strains in the presence of S9 mix, GSH or PBS were observed. However, strong cytotoxic effect was observed on both human cell lines when they were treated with different concentrations of wastewater. Lipid peroxidation was induced and increased by prolonged time of incubation, highlighting that the damage was not repaired, but increased with the time of incubation. The results of the alkaline comet assay indicate significant DNA damaging potential of wastewater for human leukocytes. Since phosphoric gypsum transport water in its present composition and acidity is highly toxic and acts as prooxidant, causing free radicals formation and DNA damage, urgent neutralization/purification of the wastewater to a level acceptable for disposal into the environment is mandatory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration of aluminium in breast cyst fluids collected from women affected by gross cystic breast disease
Authors: Mannello Ferdinando , Tonti Gaetana A. , Darbre Philippa D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGross cystic breast disease (GCBD) is the most common benign breast disorder, but the molecular basis of cyst formation remains to be identified. If the use of aluminium‐based antiperspirant salts is involved in the etiology of gross breast cyst formation, it might be expected that aluminium would be at elevated levels in human breast cyst fluid (BCF). Aluminium was measured by ICP‐MS in 48 samples of BCF, 30 samples of human blood serum and 45 samples of human breast milk at different stages of lactation (colostrum, intermediate, mature). The median level of aluminium in apocrine type I BCF (n = 27, 150 µg l−1) was significantly higher than in transudative type II BCF (n = 21, 32 µg l−1; P <0.0001). By comparison, aluminium measurements gave a median concentration of 6 µg l−1 in human serum and 25 µg l−1 in human breast milk, with no difference between colostrum, intermediate and mature milk. Levels of aluminium were significantly higher in both types of BCF than in human serum (P <0.0001). However when compared with human breast milk, aluminium levels were only significantly higher in apocrine type I BCF (P <0.0001) and not in transudative type II BCF (P = 0.152). It remains to be identified why such high levels of aluminium were found in the apocrine type I BCF and from where the aluminium originated. However, if aluminium‐based antiperspirants are found to be the source and to play any causal role in development of breast cysts, then it might become possible to prevent this common breast disorder. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role and effective treatment of dispersive forces in materials: Polyethylene and graphite crystals as test cases
Authors: Barone Vincenzo , Casarin Maurizio , Forrer Daniel , Pavone Michele , Sambi Mauro , Vittadini Andrea 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA semiempirical addition of dispersive forces to conventional density functionals (DFT‐D) has been implemented into a pseudopotential plane‐wave code. Test calculations on the benzene dimer reproduced the results obtained by using localized basis set, provided that the latter are corrected for the basis set superposition error. By applying the DFT‐D/plane‐wave approach a substantial agreement with experiments is found for the structure and energetics of polyethylene and graphite, two typical solids that are badly described by standard local and semilocal density functionals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Biomimetic mineralization synthesis of calcium‐deficient carbonate‐containing hydroxyapatite in a three‐dimensional network of bacterial cellulose
Authors: Shi Shuaike , Chen Shiyan , Zhang Xiang , Shen Wei , Li Xin , Hu Weili , Wang Huaping 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Both hydroxyapatites (HAp) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are excellent biomaterials. The former has outstanding osteoconductivity and bioactivity, while the latter has been proven to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial. By alkaline treatment, Ca2+ activation, and biomimetic mineralization, the nanocomposites (CaDHCAp/BC) consisting of calcium‐deficient carbonate‐containing hydroxyapatite (CaDHCAp) in the three‐dimensional (3D) network of BC nanofibers were synthesized.RESULTS: The CaDHCAp/BC nanocomposites obtained were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results indicated that alkaline treatment improved the apatite nucleation ability of BC, and the apatite crystals deposited along BC nanofibers were partially substituted with calcium carbonate and the uniform spherical apatite particles were composed of squama‐shaped nano‐sized apatite crystals. The crystallite sizes of apatite crystals are below 10 nm and the crystallinities are below 1%. The formation mechanism of CaDHCAp crystals along the BC fibers was described.CONCLUSION: Alkaline treatment was introduced before the biomimetic mineralization process. Compared with the results without alkaline treatment, the mineralization efficiency was obviously improved. The nanocomposites obtained may have potential application as an orthopedic biomaterial. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychological ownership within the job design context: revision of the job characteristics model
Authors: Pierce Jon L. , Jussila Iiro , Cummings Anne 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we offer a theoretical modification to the Hackman and Oldham (1975) Job Characteristics Model by integrating research on the psychological aspects of job design with emerging theory on psychological ownership. We develop the connection between job design and (a) the motives facilitating psychological ownership, (b) the routes through which psychological ownership emerges, and (c) the individual‐level outcomes (e.g., emotional, attitudinal, motivational, and behavioral) that result from an employee's psychological ownership of his or her job. Our work covers several previously ignored positive and negative effects. We conclude by positioning psychological ownership as a plausible substitute for other proposed mediating psychological states in the job design–employee response relationship. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile components in flavour concentrates from crayfish processing waste
Authors: Cha Yong‐Jun , Baek Hyung‐Hee , Hsieh Thomas C‐Y 
Published: September 2008

AbstractVolatile components in flavour concentrates prepared from crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard) processing waste at two temperatures (85°C and 100°C) were compared. The presence of 121 compounds was established. Among these, 78 compounds were positively identified of which 50 were detected in crayfish for the first time. These compounds were mainly N‐ and S‐containing compounds, ketones and aldehydes. The amounts of aldehydes and ketones were 1.5 and 1.4 times higher in the 85°C concentrates, respectively; and the amounts of N‐containing compounds were 2.3 times higher in the 100°C concentrates.
Multidimensional gas chromatography with capillary flow technology and LTM‐GC
Authors: Luong Jim , Gras Ronda , Yang Grace , Cortes Hernan , Mustacich Robert 
Published: September 2008

Abstract2‐D GC is a logical and cost effective extension to 1‐D GC for improving the separation resolution, selectivity, and peak capacity of an analytical system. The advent of electronic pressure control systems that are accurate to the third decimal place, combined with recently innovated chromatographic devices such as capillary flow technology, has eliminated many deficiencies encountered in current conventional 2‐D GC by making the technique reliable and simple to implement in both production and research analytical facilities. Low thermal mass GC (LTM‐GC) was successfully integrated with capillary flow technology to further enhance overall 2‐D GC chromatographic system performance by providing not only faster throughput via rapid heating and cooling, but independent temperature control for each dimension to maximize separation power. As an example, despite the enhanced peak capacity obtained from conventional 2‐D GC, alkyl naphthalene isomers such as 2,3‐dimethyl and 1,4‐dimethyl naphthalene coeluted. These two critical compounds were well resolved (R = 5.2) using 2‐D GC with LTM‐GC with a similar analytical time. This paper demonstrates the benefits of combining capillary flow technology with LTM‐GC to provide major enhancements to conventional 2‐D GC. The synergy of these techniques is highlighted with practical industrial applications.
Multidimensional LC×LC analysis of phenolic and flavone natural antioxidants with UV‐electrochemical coulometric and MS detection
Authors: Hájek Tomáš , Škeříková Veronika , Česla Petr , Vyňuchalová Kateřina , Jandera Pavel 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA comprehensive 2‐D LC×LC system was developed for the separation of phenolic and flavone antioxidants, using a PEG‐silica column in the first dimension and a C18 column with porous‐shell particles or a monolithic column in the second dimension. Combination of PEG and C18 or C8 stationary phase chemistries provide low selectivity correlations between the first dimension and the second dimension separation systems. This was evidenced by large differences in structural contributions to the retention by ‐COOH, ‐OH and other substituents on the basic phenol or flavone structure. Superficially porous columns with fused core particles or monolithic columns improve the resolution and speed of second dimension separation in comparison to a fully porous particle C18 column. Increased peak capacity and high orthogonality in different 2‐D setups was achieved by using gradients with matching profiles running in parallel in the two dimensions over the whole 2‐D separation time range. Multi‐dimensional set‐up combining the LC×LC separation on‐line with UV and multi‐channel coulometric detection and off‐line with MS/MS technique allowed positive peak identification. The Coularray software compensates for the effects of the baseline drift during the gradient elution and is compatible with parallel gradient comprehensive LC×LC technique. Furthermore, it provides significant improvement in the sensitivity and selectivity of detection in comparison to both UV and MS detection. The utility of these systems has been demonstrated in the analysis of beer samples.
Solid‐phase extraction method for determination of volatile compounds in traditional balsamic vinegar
Authors: Durán Guerrero Enrique , Chinnici Fabio , Natali Nadia , Marín Ramón Natera , Riponi Claudio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA solid‐phase extraction method for the determination of volatile compounds in traditional balsamic vinegar (TBV) has been developed. The optimisation has been carried out using a two‐level factorial design expanded further to a central composite design. LiChrolut‐EN SPE cartridges were used and the optimised analytical conditions were: 7 g of TBV diluted 1:4, 5 mL of washing water, and elution with 10 mL of dichloromethane. The linear ranges and detection and quantitation limits were adequate for the analysis of the studied compounds in TBV. The accuracy of the method was also studied: recoveries up to 80% and repeatability values lower than 15% were obtained for the majority of the studied compounds. Two TBVs of different age were analysed by the optimised method.
Dispersion engineering with resonant‐type metamaterial transmission lines
Authors: Sisó G. , Gil M. , Aznar F. , Bonache J. , Martín F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMetamaterial transmission lines are artificial lines consisting on a host conventional line (such as a microstrip or a coplanar waveguide) loaded with reactive elements. The main relevant characteristic of these propagating structures is the fact that, due to the greater number of parameters (as compared to conventional lines), it is possible to tailor (engineer) their dispersion characteristics to achieve certain functionalities not achievable though conventional lines. Enhanced bandwidth components and multiband components are the main benefits of dispersion engineering with metamaterial transmission lines. In this paper, dispersion engineering will be carefully reviewed, and several examples illustrative of the application of this technique to microwave circuit design will be reported.