bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Elimination of Exogenous Lipids from the Blood Stream The Kinetics for the Elimination of Chylomicrons Studied by Single Intravenous Injections in Man
Authors: Hallberg Dag 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHallberg. D. Studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. The kinetics for the eliminaiion of chylomicrons studied by single intravenous injections in man. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65. 279–284. ‐ The thoracic duct was cannulated in 2 subjects and chylomicrons were collected and then given to the subjects as rapid intravenous infusions during 2 and 5 min respectively. The amounts of triglyceride (TG) infused were 0.18 and 0.26 g/kg body weight respectively. Plasma samples were drawn and analysed for TG without and with separation into 3 fractions in a polyvinylpyrrolidone density gradient. The chylomicron TG was found in the top fraction of the gradient and endogenous plasma TG in the middle and bottom fractions. The elimination curve for the chylomicrons was found to be linear at high and exponential at low TG concentrations. During the elimination the TG concentration in the middle and bottom fractions changed in a way observed earlier for an artificial fat emulsion.
The Effect of Graded Vagal Stimulation on Gastric Motility, Secretion and Blood Flow in the Cat
Authors: Rartinson Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMartinson, J. The effect of graded vagal stimulation on gastric motiliy, secretion and blood flow in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 300–309. — In experiments on cats gastric motility, secretion and blood flow were studied simultaneously or separately. By applying efferent vagal stimulation with variation of impulse duration but with constant voltage and impulse frequency, responses of the above mentioned functions were obtained suggesting two groups of efferent nerve fibres in the vagus nerves. Thus, secretion of both hydrochloric acid and of pepsinogen, vasodilatation and inhibition of motility (relasation of the corpus and fundus) were all elicited via a nerve fibre group with a considerably higher stimulation threshold than the fibre group that enhances gastric motility. Both fibre groups can exert their control at impulse frequencies below 10 imp/sec. It is possible that secretion of both HCl and pepsin, relaxation and vasodilatation normally form a gastric response pattern elicited by a concomitant excitation of the efferent high‐threshold fibres of the vagus nerves.
Influence of Adrenaline on Blood Flow and Metabolism in the Human Forearm
Authors: Lundholm Lennart , Svedmyr Nils 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLundholm. L. and N. Svedniyr. Infuence of adrenalbie on blood fow and metabolism in the human forearm. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 65. 344–351. Intravenous infusion of adrenaline appreciably raised the blood flow. oxygen consumption, CO2‐‐production, CO2‐‐tension and lactic acid elimination in the human forearm. The interrelationship of these effects is discussed. The rise in CO2‐‐production is assumed to have been due to increased oxygen consumption as well as to an increase in the lactic acid content of the tissues. The rise in GO2‐‐tension resulted from an augniented CO2 production. Adrenaline's observed vasodilator effect is attributed at least in part. to heighted CO2 tension of blood and tissues.
Fluorometric Assays of Glutamic‐Pyruvic Transaminase Activity in Microdissected Pancreatic Islets from Obese‐Hyperglycemic Mice
Authors: Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHellman, B. Fluorometric assays of glutamicpyruvic transaminase activity in microdissected pancreatic islets from obese‐hyperglycemic mice. Actaphysiol. scand. 1965. 65. 357–363. — The glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GF'T) activity was determined in microdissected pancreatic islets from obese‐hyperglycemic mice. The optimal assay conditions for measuring this enzyme in the islet homogenates using a very sensitive procedure based on the fluorescence of pyridine nucleotides in highly alkaline solutions were analysed. An increased islet GPT‐activity was noted in the presence of 2.5 mg % carbutamide, while concentrations above the therapeutic range in the incubation medium inhibited the enzyme in the islets as well as in the exocrine pancreas and liver. When the animals had free access to food the islet GPT‐activity was 0.79 ± 0.07 MKH units as compared with 3.42 ± 0.36 for the exocrine parenchyma and 5.15 ± 0.73 for the liver. A starvation period of 7 days resulted in a 40 % reduction of the islet GPT‐activity: no corresponding decrease being noted in the enzyme activities of the other two tissues. The higher GPT‐activity in the endocrine pancreas in connection with intense insulin secretion supports the view that transamination processes represent an important metabolic feature in the maintenance of the specific endocrine function of the β cells.
Serotonine and Temperature Control
Authors: Andersson B. , Jobin M. , Olsson K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAt normal body temperature as well as during pyrogen‐induced fever, injections of 5‐HT into the 3rd brain ventricle were found to cause peripheral vasodilatation, polypnea and a marked fall in brain, blood (right heart) and rectal temperature in 2 out of 3 goats. In the 3rd goat, which later developed encephalitis, 5‐HT caused a short initial period of peripheral vasodilatation, followed by a syndrome, having all the characteristics of pyrogen‐induced fever. Injections of small amount of catecholamines into the 3rd brain ventricle did not alter significantly the rectal temperature of the goats. The findings are discussed in relation to a recent hypothesis according to which body temperature is the outcome of a fine balance in the release of catecholamines and of 5‐HT in the hypothalamus.
Connections between Adrenergic Nerves and other Tissue Components in the Eye
Authors: Ehinger Berndt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe connections between adrenergic nerve fibres and other ocular structures were studied in normal embryonic material (man, dogs, cats, guinea‐pigs, and rats) as well as with a special vessel injection technique (adult rats, guinea‐pigs, and rabbits). It was established that adrenergic fibres are a normal constituent of the cornea. The adrenergic nerves were more numerous in the embryo than in the adult, and also occurred within the embryonic corneal epithelium. These intraepithelial fibres disappear shortly after birth. Adrenergic fibres running in the connective tissue without connection to vessels were further found in the iris, the limbus region, the chamber angle (of the guinea‐pig predominantly) and in the chorioid. It cannot be excluded that these fibres innervate some connective tissue component. In the sphincter pupillae, only a few adrenergic fibres were connected to the vessels, such as was the case also in the ciliary muscle of the guinea‐pig. Under the ciliary epithelium of the ciliary body and the ciliary processes there was a thick and dense plexus of adrenergic fibres. Only a restricted number of them was associated with the vessels. The “capillaries” of the ciliary processes were remarkable in that they seemed to possess adrenergic fibres. No adrenergic innervation to the melanophores was apparent.
Studies on the Stimulating Effects of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline on Respiration in Man
Authors: Lundholm Lennart , Svedmyr Nils 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAdrenaline infused intravenously at a rate of 0.15 μg/kg/min increased the ventilation and CO2‐elimination by a maximum of 45% in experiment on man. Since adrenaline increased the CO2 tension and decreased the pH in the plasma of arterial blood, the respiratory increase after adrenaline was assumed to depend, at least in part, on an increased CO2‐production of metabolic origin. About half of the increase in CO2‐production was estimated to be due to raised oxygen consumption and the remaining half to have come from the plasma and tissue bicarbonate. The reduction of tissue bicarbonate was to a large part caused by an increased lactic acid and FFA concentration. The stimulating effect on respiratin of noradrenaline was initially associated with a decrease in plasma pCO2 and an increased plasma pH. The initial increase in CO2‐elimination which took place was assumed ro result from washing out of CO2 The possibility that noradrenaline had stimulated O2‐sensitive chemoreceptors is discussed. In a later stage noradrenaline probably stimulated the respiration through an increased oxygen consumption and CO2‐production.
Respiratory Enzyme Activities in Neurons and Glial Cells of the Hypoglossal Nucleus during Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Hamberger Anders , Sjöstrand Johan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRespiratory enzyme activities were measured in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rabbit, 6, 14, 28, and 48 days after unilateral hypoglossal nerve crush in order to evaluate the changes in nerve and glial cells during axon regeneration. Succinoxidase activity was measured by the Warburg technique on homogenates of the hypoglossal nuclei and by Zeuthen's micro‐diver technique in single nerve and glial cells. Activity of succinate tetrazolium reductase, cytochrome oxidase and NADH2‐tetrazolium reductase were analyzed histochemically. Succinoxidase activity increased in single neurons up to the 14th postoperative day, both on the unoperated and operated side and was on a high level until the 28th day. A striking increase in NADH2‐tetrazolium reductase was demonstrated in the neurons on the operated side from the beginning of the second postoperative week. In the micro‐diver experiments, the glial cells of the operated side revealed a significant increase in Succinoxidase activity from the sixth to the 48th postoperative day. The histochemical study of respiratory enzymes did not reveal any change in glial enzyme activity in the hypoglossal nucleus, although morphological studies have shown hypertrophic astrocytes and reactive microglial cells in this region.The importance of analyzing nerve and glial cells separately and to consider volume and mass changes in single cells is stressed.
Effect of Prostaglandin E1 on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in the Dog Prostaglandin and related factors 48
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Orö Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProstaglandin E1 (PGE1) was infused into anesthetized dogs in aorta or i.v. in doses from 0.12 to 1.2 μg/kg/min. In all dogs a reproducible fall in blood pressure and increase in heart rate was obtained. Administration in aorta produced more pronounced changes than i.v. administration and infusion high in aorta was more effective than low in aorta. Infusion of PGE1 into a common carotid artery elevated the blood pressure slightly in 6 of 8 dogs. PGE1 produced a fall in blood pressure also in dogs treated with the sympathetic ganglionic blocking agent AgentitR and reserpine and with the beta‐adrenergic receptor blocking agent, propranolol (InderalR). In the AgentitR‐treated animals infusion of PGE1 into a common carotid artery produced a blood pressure fall, similar to that seen during i.v. infusion. There was no increase in heart rate during infusion of PGE1 into the animals treated with AgentitR or reserpine. In dogs receiving continuous infusions of PGE1 in doses lowering the blood pressure, infusions of noradrenaline or adrenaline still induced a marked rise in blood pressure. Infusion of the sympathetic ganglionic stimulating agent DMPP or electrical stimulation of the central ends of the cut vagus nerves also raised the blood pressure in dogs receiving PGE1 The hypothesis was discussed that PGE1 lowers the blood pressure by actions independent of catecholamines.
Gradients of CO2 Tension in the Brain
Authors: Pontén U. , Siesjö B. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn cat experiments measurements were made of the CO2 tensions in arterial and cerebral venous blood, in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and on the surface of the cerebral cortex. It was found that both the CSF CO2 tension and the CO2 tension measured on the surface of the brain exceeded the arithmetic mean of the arterial and the venous CO2 tensions by 0.5–1 mm Hg. This means that the CSF and the cortical surface CO2 tensions coincided with the mean tissue CO2 tension, which can be calculated from the diffusion equations, and they were distinctly different from the cerebral venous CO2 tension.The arterio‐venous PCO2 difference was found to change linearly from 12 to 4 mm Hg when the arterial CO2 tension increased from 30 to 90 mm Hg. The arterio‐venous difference was found to be very sensitive to the experimental conditions. Thus, it was influenced by the craniotomy and the other procedures connected with the tissue measurements, and also by the sampling of CSF.It is recommended that mean tissue CO2 tensions in the brain are obtained by means of direct measurements on cisternal CSF, or by means of calculation from the arterial and the cerebral venous CO2 tensions. In the latter case, a fairly exact value is obtained by adding 1 mm Hg to the arithmetic mean of the blood tensions. Tissue measurements are recommended for studies of CO2 transients, or for conditions with a disturbed local circulation. If none of these measurements are feasible, the tissue CO2 tension can be approximately calculated from the arterial CO2 tension, as described in the text.
Effect of Prostaglandin E1on Plasma Free Fatty Acids and Blood Glucose in the Dog Prostaglandin and related factors 51
Authors: Bergström Sune , Carlson Lars A. , Orö Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIntravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) 0.2 μg/kg/min, during 30 min into 3 fasting, nonanesthetized dogs induced a rise of venous levels of FFA and glycerol followed by a decrease after the infusion. Infusion of PGE1high in aorta, 0.12–1.0 μg/kg/min, during 20–30 min into fasting, anesthetized dogs raised the arterial FFA levels in 9 of 12 dogs. In several of these experiments the FFA level started to decrease before the end of infusion. In the remaining 3 dogs the FFA level decreased during the infusion. Increase in plasma FFA was also seen in anesthetized dogs during administration of PGE1i.v. or in a common carotid artery. Studies on turnover rate of plasma FFA showed that the increased as well as the decreased concentration of FFA was entirely caused by changes in the rate of mobilization of FFA into blood plasma. The plasma levels of glycerol followed the same pattern as the FFA concentration. Neither in the nonanesthetized nor in the anesthetized dogs did PGE1produce any signiñcant effects on blood glucose. Administration of PGE1high in aorta into fasting, anesthetized dogs, 0.3–0.8 μg/kg/min, inhibited the enhanced FFA mobilization induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline or isoprenaline. The increase in FFA concentration induced by the sympathetic ganglionic stimulating agent DMPP was also inhibited by PGE10.4/μg/kg/min, but the DMPP induced rise in blood glucose concentration was unaffected.
Utilization of Palmitate in the Epididymal Adipose Tissue from New Zealand Obese Mice
Authors: Westman Sighild 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe metabolism of 14C1‐palmitate was studied in the isolated epididymal adipose tissue from fed and starved New Zealand obese mice. Animals with lower total weight of the fat pads, which also have smaller fat cells, showed a higher rate of incorporation of the precursor into tissue lipids per unit weight tissue than animals with larger fat pads and larger cells. The addition of glucose to the incubation medium influenced the formation of neutral fat from exogenous palmitate differently in starved and fed animals. The effect of starvation was greater in the small fat cells. The recovery of palmitate carbon in tissue free fatty acids and the release or uptake from the medium of free fatty acids was also influenced both by previous starvation and addition of glucose in vitro.
Histochemical Studies on a Special Catecholamine‐ Gontaining Cell Type in Sympathetic Ganglia
Authors: Norberg Karl‐Axel , Ritzén Martin , Ungerstedt Urban 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSympathetic ganglia have been found to contain a population of small monoamine storing cells, distinct from the sympathetic nerve cells. The small cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat have been subjected to histochemical and microspectrophotometric investigations. Fluorescence spectra from these cells, and from sympathetic nerve cells, after formaldehyde treatment according to Falck and Hillarp, have been found to be identical to those of catecholamines in model systems, processed in the same way. Results from experiments using varying reaction conditions indicate that the small cells mainly store a primary catecholamine. Judging from experiments with reserpine and metaraminol, they seem to have a slower turnover of their amines than the nerve cells. The functional role of these cells is not clear, but they might be a reminiscence of a primitive catecholamine storing cell system.
Some Quantitative Studies on the Noradrenaline Content in the Cell Bodies and Terminals of a Sympathetic Adrenergic Neuron System
Authors: Dahlström Annica , Häggendal Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe noradrenaline (NA) content of one pair of the cervical sympathetic ganglia of cat was estimated. In the same cats the area innervated by these ganglia, i.e the head and neck tissues, were also examined for NA. The ganglia were found to contain 104 ng NA per pair and the innervated tissue 32 μg on the average. The ratio between cell bodies and terminals for NA content was thus about 1: 300. Using results from earlier studies of the NA content per varicosity and values of the number of cells in these ganglia obtained by other investigators, the average total length of the terminal system of each neuron was calculated to be in the order of 10 cm.
The Noradrenaline Content of the Varicosities of Sympathetic Adrenergic Nerve Terminals in the Rat
Authors: Dahlström Annica , Häogendal Jan , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe noradrenaline (NA) content of the iris and vas deferens (1 cm) of the rat was determined spectrophotofluorimetrically. Using the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and co‐workers the number of varicosities of adrenergic nerve terminals in iris and in 1 cm of vas deferens was estimated. It was found that the NA content per iris and in 1 cm of vas deferens was 4.7 and 310 ng as a mean, respectively. The amount of NA per varicosity was found to be about 4.2 × 10‐3 pg in the iris and about 5.9 × 10‐3 pg in the vas deferens. The concentration of NA in the varicosities was calculated to be in the order of 0.1–0.3 per cent, and the number of amine granules in a varicosity to be in the order of 1.500.
Uptake of 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5‐Hydroxytryptophan by Gatecholamine Forming Mast Cells in the Hamster
Authors: Adams‐Ray J. , Dahlström A. , Sachs Ch. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe uptake of L‐DOPA, D‐DOPA and 5‐HTP in the CA forming mast cells in the hamster was studied by means of the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and coworkers. It was found that the mast cells of the cheek pouch did not develop any fluorescence even after high doses of L‐DOPA. The mast cells of the ear, on the other hand, which normally show a weak green fluorescence, were able to take up both DOPA and 5‐HTP, but not DA. The amount of precursor taken up and/or decarboxylated by the cells was by far largest after L‐DOPA treatment, but much smaller after D‐DOPA or 5‐HTP administration. Decarboxylase inhibition (NSD‐1015) prevented to a large degree the development of fluorescence after L‐DOPA treatment. MAO‐inhibition did not increase the fluorescence intensity in normal animals, whereas pretreatment with the MAO‐inhibitor nialamide was necessary to give an obvious yellow fluorescence in the mast cell granules after 5‐HTP administration. It is suggested that these mast cells contain a true DOPA decarboxylase with a certain stereospecificity for the L‐isomer. The presence of a weak MAO‐activity in the cells is also discussed.
Release of Free Fatty Acids from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Dogs Following Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation1
Authors: Rosell Sune 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA technique suitable for quantitative measurements of circulatory and metabolic processes in subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo is described. Electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the adipose tissue induces a net release of FFA as well as vasoconstriction. A maximal release rate of FFA seems to be obtained with a stimulus frequency of about 3/sec. The vasoconstrictor reaction following sympathetic nerve stimulation supresses the release rate of FFA. This is especially true following stimulation with higher frequencies of 5/sec, or more. Provided the stimulation frequencies are within the physiological range the stimulation period must be 2 min, or more, in order to produce a rise in the release rate of FFA. The data indicate that sympathetic nerves to subcutaneous adipose tissue have the ability to mobilize energy for the organism within a few minutes.
Differences in the Uptake of Secondary Catecholamines by the Adrenergic Nerves
Authors: Corrodi H. , Malmfors T. , Sachs Ch. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBy using the fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp on whole mounted stretch‐preparations of rat iris it has been possible to show that adrenaline (A) but not isoprenaline (IP) or N‐isopropyl‐dopamine can be taken up by the adrenergic nerves by a mechanism located in the cell membrane and insensitive to reserpine. This difference in the metabolic fate of NA and A as compared with IP explains certain observations on the effect of these amines in isolated organs and in anesthetized cats and should be kept in mind when the stimulation potency of these amines on the adrenergic α‐ or β‐receptors is studied. The irises from the animals treated with A have furthermore been used to test the reliability of the methods hitherto used for histochemical differentiation between A and NA.
Reciprocal Effects on α‐ and γ‐Motoneurones of Drugs Influencing Monoaminergic and Gholinergic Transmission
Authors: Arvidsson J. , Roos B.‐E. , Steg G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reflex responses of α‐ and γ‐motoneurones to dorsal root stimulation were recorded in fine ventral roots or ventral root filaments of coccygeal or L6 segments in the lightly anaesthetized (Viadril®) intact rat. After administration of drugs inhibiting monoamine (MA) transmission (reset‐ pine, haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine) or facilitating acetylcholine (ACh) transmission (physostigmine) α‐motoneurone reflex responses increased and γ‐motoneurone responses decreased. After administration of drugs facilitating MA transmission (L‐DOPA) or inhibiting ACh transmission (atropine) α‐motoneurone activation decreased and γ‐motoneurone activation increased. The drugs had always reciprocal effects on α‐ and γ‐discharges,i.e.inhibition of the one type accompanied facilitation of the other. A hypothetical model is presented for the interpretation. The reciprocal changes of α‐ and γ‐motoneurone reflex activation are induced from antagonistic MA and ACh neurone systems (possibly projecting to the neostriatum). A drug induced shift of the MA‐ACh equilibrium in favour of the ACh neurones (by ACh facilitation or MA inhibition) turns muscle control towards a dominance of the a‐route. A shift of equilibrium in favour of MA neurones (by MA facilitation of ACh inhibition) turns motor control to a dominance of the γ‐route.
Monoamines in Brain and Adrenal Glands of Gats after Electrically Induced Defense Reaction
Authors: Gunne Lars‐M. , Lewander Tommy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe defense reaction (“sham rage”) was produced in cats by electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid nucleus or the lateral hypothalamus. After 3 hrs of intermittent stimulation a decrease of brain content of noradrenaline and adrenal gland adrenaline and noradrenaline occurred. At the same time there was an increase of normetanephrine but no change of 3‐methoxytyramine. The decrease of brain noradrenaline was more marked after administration of the synthesis inhibitor α‐propyl‐dopacetamide (H 22/54). No changes in brain content of dopamine or 5‐hydroxytryptamine were noticed.