bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intention to leave the profession: antecedents and role in nurse turnover
Authors: Parry Julianne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Intention to leave the profession: antecedents and role in nurse turnover Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to examine the relationship between intention to change profession and intention to change employer among newly graduated nurses.Background.  Few studies of the worldwide nursing workforce shortage consider the contribution of changing professions to the shortage. Organizational behaviour research has identified that professional commitment and organizational commitment have an important role in organizational turnover and that professional commitment and intention to change professions may have a greater role in organizational turnover than is presently understood.Method.  A model of the relationships between affective professional commitment job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intention to change professions and organizational turnover intention was developed through review of the organizational behaviour literature and tested using path analysis. The sample was drawn from all nurses in Queensland, Australia, entering the workforce for the first time in 2005.Results.  The model was tested with a final sample size of 131 nurses in the initial period of exposure to the workplace. Affective professional commitment and organizational commitment were statistically significantly related to intention to change professions. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intention to change professions were statistically significantly related to intention to change employer.Conclusion.  Turnover research in nursing should include intention to change professions as well as intention to change employer. Policies and practices that enhance the development of affective professional commitment prior to exposure to the workplace and support affective professional commitment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the workplace are needed to help reduce nurse turnover.
Predictors of mammography uptake in Korean women aged 40 years and over
Authors: Ryu Eunjung , Ahn Okhee , Baek Sun‐Sook , Jeon Mi‐Soon , Han Seung‐Eui , Park Young‐Rye , Ham Mi‐Young 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Predictors of mammography uptake in Korean women aged 40 years and over Aim.  This paper is a report of a study performed to identify the predictors of mammography uptake for Korean women according to the stage of change, as determined by the transtheoretical model.Background.  Although breast cancer is the most common female cancer in South Korea, its early detection rate here is low when compared with other developed countries. The transtheoretical model can be used to facilitate health promotion based on individual health behaviour and to devise stage‐tailored interventions.Method.  The participants were a convenience sample of 920 women aged ≥40 years between December 2005 and February 2006. A cross‐sectional design was used in which participants completed a questionnaire that consisted of measures of the transtheoretical model. To provide a standard of measure, the variables were converted from raw scores to standard scores and then to T scores (mean = 50, sd = 10). Logistic regression analysis was then used to estimate predictors of the stage of maintenance of mammography uptake.Findings.  The most frequent stage of mammography uptake was ‘contemplation’. Predictors of mammography uptake included decisional balance, commitment to regular screening and avoiding contact with the healthcare system. Commitment to regular screening and breast self‐examination were strongly related to mammography maintenance.Conclusion.  The results of this study can be used for the development of theory‐based and empirically supported mammography uptake intervention strategies and programmes directed towards women aged ≥40 years.
A grounded theory study of information preference and coping styles following antenatal diagnosis of foetal abnormality
Authors: Lalor Joan G. , Begley Cecily M. , Galavan Eoin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  A grounded theory study of information preference and coping styles following antenatal diagnosis of foetal abnormality Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore the information‐seeking behaviour of women following an antenatal diagnosis of foetal abnormality.Background. The identification of a foetal abnormality on routine ultrasound in pregnancy is both shocking and distressing for women, and seeking information in this stressful situation is a common response. There is evidence that women’s information needs are not always adequately met, and in some cases they recall little from the initial consultation.Method. A longitudinal study involving 42 women was conducted using a classical grounded theory design. Data were collected in 2004–2006 through in‐depth interviews at three time intervals: within 4–6 weeks of diagnosis, 4–6 weeks before the birth and 6–12 weeks postnatally.Findings. Women described their main concern from diagnosis until the time to give birth in terms of regulating the information received in order to cope with the situation. Two main categories were identified: ‘Getting my head around it’ and ‘I’ll cross that bridge when I come to it’. These two differing information‐seeking preferences are described as monitoring and blunting.Conclusion. Matching of information preferences with coping styles may support individuals to cope with this stressful event. Women with high information needs (monitors) respond well to detail. However, those with information avoidance behaviours (blunters) should be facilitated to ‘opt‐in’ to information when they are ready, in order to reduce the stress caused by perceived information overload.
Nursing staff attitudes and behaviours regarding family presence in the hospital setting
Authors: Fisher Cheryl , Lindhorst Heidi , Matthews Tammy , Munroe Donna J. , Paulin Deb , Scott Deb 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Nursing staff attitudes and behaviours regarding family presence in the hospital setting. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to assess the attitudes and values of nursing staff towards family presence during routine nursing care.Background.  Nursing staff attitudes are an important factor in the adoption of family‐centred care for children, and for all ages in the emergency room, special care units, and anaesthesia induction and recovery. Little is documented about nurse attitudes and behaviours related to family presence during day‐to‐day routine nursing care.Method.  In 2006, primary data were collected with a convenience sample of 89 nursing staff using an 18‐item questionnaire developed by the authors and based on several family‐centred care instruments in the literature. Items assessed attitude and nurse behaviours related to family presence during routine nursing care.Findings.  Nurses’ attitudes and behaviours towards family presence during routine nursing care were generally favourable. There was low agreement about family members being allowed to visit whenever the patient wished. Nursing staff attitudes were consistent with their self‐reported behaviours supporting family presence.Conclusion.  Nursing staff who believe family presence is important are more likely to include families in daily care. The organization plays a key role in encouraging family‐centred care by providing appropriate education and support to nursing staff.
Informed consent to healthcare interventions in people with learning disabilities – an integrative review
Authors: Goldsmith Lesley , Skirton Heather , Webb Christine 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Informed consent to healthcare interventions in people with learning disabilities – an integrative review. Aim.  This paper is a report of an integrative review of informed consent to healthcare interventions in people with learning disabilities.Background.  Consent to treatment lies at the heart of the relationship between patient and healthcare professional. In order for people with learning disabilities to have equity of access to health care, they need to be able to give informed consent to health interventions – or be assessed as incompetent to give consent.Data sources.  The British Nursing Index (BNI), CINAHL, MEDLINE, Social Care Online, ERIC and ASSIA and PsycINFO databases were searched using the search terms: Consent or informed choice or capacity or consent to treat* or consent to examin* AND Learning disab* or intellectual* disab* or mental* retard* or learning difficult* or mental* handicap*. The search was limited to papers published in English from January 1990 to March 2007.Review methods.  An integrative review was conducted and the data analysed thematically.Results.  Twenty‐two studies were reviewed. The main themes identified were: life experience, interaction between healthcare professionals and participants, ability to consent, and psychometric variables. A consensus seemed to emerge that capacity to consent is greater in people with higher cognitive ability and verbal skills, but that the attitudes and behaviour of healthcare professionals was also a crucial factor.Conclusion.  The findings support use of the functional approach to assessing mental capacity for the purpose of obtaining informed consent. Future research into informed consent in people with learning disabilities is needed using real life situations rather than hypothetical vignettes.
Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review
Authors: Yu Juping , Kirk Maggie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle. Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review.Aim. This paper is a report of a systematic review to identify, critique and synthesize nursing studies of the measurement of empathy in nursing research.Background. The profound impact of empathy on quality nursing care has been recognized. Reported empathy levels among nurses range from low to well‐developed and there is clearly debate about what constitutes empathy and how it can be measured and improved.Data sources. Searches were made of the CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases, using the terms ‘empathy’, ‘tool’, ‘scale’, ‘measure’, ‘nurse’, and ‘nursing’, singly or in combination to identify literature published in the English language between 1987 and 2007.Methods. A systematic review was carried out. The included papers were critically reviewed, relevant data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.Results. Thirty papers representing 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three types of studies were identified: descriptive studies (n = 12), studies of empathy and patient outcomes (n = 6), and evaluational studies (n = 11). Twenty scales were used, with more than one tool being applied in some studies, suggesting the need for a systematic review of empathy measures in nursing research. A range of settings were studied but some, such as genetic healthcare, have been neglected.Conclusion. Despite numerous tools being used in nursing research to assess empathy, there appears to be no consistency, suggesting the need to evaluate the rigour of empathy tools appropriately, either to inform education or for application in clinical settings.
Coerced medication in psychiatric inpatient care: literature review
Authors: Jarrett Manuela , Bowers Len , Simpson Alan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Coerced medication in psychiatric inpatient care: literature review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a narrative review of the coercive use of medication in inpatient psychiatric care to identify a demographic and clinical profile of patients who are forcibly medicated, and to examine patient and staff views of this practice.Background.  Lack of compliance with medication is associated with quicker relapse and increased risk to self and others in mental disorder. It is this increased risk which provides the ethical and legal grounds for detaining and treating psychiatric patients without their consent. Legislation for involuntary psychiatric treatment exists in all European Union member states and in other western countries.Data sources.  Online bibliographic databases from 1980 to 2008 were searched, including British Nursing Index, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Search terms relating to coercion, force, chemical restraint, rapid tranquilization, inpatients and psychiatry were used.Review methods.  Titles and abstracts were reviewed. All peer reviewed papers concerning coercion in the administration of medication in inpatient psychiatric care were included and a narrative review was conducted.Results.  Fourteen papers from seven countries were included. Patients who have experience coerced medication tend to be aged in their 30s, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar or other psychotic disorders, and are often involuntarily admitted. Assault or threat of assault is the main reason for giving forced medication.Conclusion.  There is a dearth of literature in the area of coercion in administration of medication and much more research is needed examining all aspects of this contentious practice.
Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds
Authors: Devereux Claire L. , Denny Matthew J. H. , Whittingham Mark J. 
Published: October 2008

Summary

Energy production from wind power is increasing rapidly in Europe to help combat the threats from global warming. For example, the European Commission have set a target for 20% of EU energy to come from renewable sources by 2020. In recent decades, biodiversity on European farmland has fallen dramatically due to agricultural intensification. Agri‐environment schemes (AES) have been implemented across the EU, in part at least, to combat these declines. Significant numbers of turbines are, and will be, built on farmland. There is, therefore, a potential conflict between wind turbines and AES on farmland.
Various mechanisms potentially cause wind turbines to alter bird distribution including noise and physical structure.
We show that turbine location (controlling for other effects such as boundary location and crop type) did not affect the distribution of four functional groups of wintering farmland birds (seed‐eaters, corvids, gamebirds and Eurasian skylarks) at differing distances from wind turbines ranging from 0–150 m to 600–750 m. The only species for which distribution was related to the presence of wind turbines was the largest and least manoeuvrable (common pheasant Phasianus colchicus L.).
In a further analysis of data collected at 0–75 m and 75–150 m from turbines, we found no evidence to suggest that farmland birds in our study avoided areas close to wind turbines.
Synthesis and applications. This is the first evidence suggesting that the present and future location of large numbers of wind turbines on European farmland is unlikely to have detrimental effects on farmland birds (at least for those species included in our study). This should be welcome news for nature conservationists, wind energy companies and policy‐makers. However, our work is only a first step, as there may be potential influences of wind turbines on bird distribution during the breeding season.
Cyclamen: time, sea and speciation biogeography using a temporally calibrated phylogeny
Authors: Yesson C. , Toomey N. H. , Culham A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim  The Mediterranean region is a species‐rich area with a complex geographical history. Geographical barriers have been removed and restored due to sea level changes and local climatic change. Such barriers have been proposed as a plausible mechanism driving the high levels of speciation and endemism in the Mediterranean basin. This raises the fundamental question: is allopatric isolation the mechanism by which speciation occurs? This study explores the potential driving influence of palaeo‐geographical events on the speciation of Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae), a group with most species endemic to the Mediterranean region. Cyclamen species have been shown experimentally to have few genetic barriers to hybridization.Location  The Mediterranean region, including northern Africa, extending eastwards to the Black Sea coast.Methods  A generic level molecular phylogeny of Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae is constructed, using Bayesian approximation, to produce a secondary age estimate for the stem lineage of Cyclamen. This estimate is used to calibrate temporally an infrageneric phylogeny of Cyclamen, built with nrDNA ITS, cpDNA trnL‐F and cpDNA rps16 sequences. A biogeographical analysis of Cyclamen is performed using dispersal–vicariance analysis.Results  The emergence of the Cyclamen stem lineage is estimated at 30.1–29.2 Ma, and the crown divergence at 12.9–12.2 Ma. The average age of Cyclamen species is 3.7 Myr. Every pair of sister species have mutually exclusive, allopatric distributions relative to each other. This pattern appears typical of divergence events throughout the evolutionary history of the genus.Main conclusions  Geographical barriers, such as the varying levels of the Mediterranean Sea, are the most plausible explanation for speciation events throughout the phylogenetic history of Cyclamen. The genus demonstrates distributional patterns congruent with the temporally reticulate palaeogeography of the Mediterranean region.
Comparative phylogeography of pitvipers suggests a consensus of ancient Middle American highland biogeography
Authors: Castoe Todd A. , Daza Juan M. , Smith Eric N. , Sasa Mahmood M. , Kuch Ulrich , Campbell Jonathan A. , Chippindale Paul T. , Parkinson Christopher L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim  We used inferences of phylogenetic relationships and divergence times for three lineages of highland pitvipers to identify broad‐scale historical events that have shaped the evolutionary history of Middle American highland taxa, and to test previous hypotheses of Neotropical speciation.Location  Middle America (Central America and Mexico).Methods  We used 2306 base pairs of mitochondrial gene sequences from 178 individuals to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times of New World pitviper lineages, focusing on three genera (Atropoides, Bothriechis and Cerrophidion) that are broadly co‐distributed across Middle American highlands.Results  We found strong correspondence across three highland lineages for temporally and geographically coincident divergences in the Miocene and Pliocene, and further identified widespread within‐species divergences across multiple lineages that occurred in the early–middle Pleistocene.Main conclusions  Available data suggest that there were at least three major historical events in Middle America that had broad impacts on species divergence and lineage diversification among highland taxa. In addition, we find widespread within‐species genetic structure that may be attributable to the climatic changes that affected gene flow among highland taxa during the middle–late Pleistocene.
The limits of mtDNA phylogeography: complex patterns of population history in a highly structured Iberian lizard are only revealed by the use of nuclear markers
Authors: GODINHO R. , CRESPO E.G. , FERRAND N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhylogeographic analyses based on the sole use of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule reveal only a small part of the evolutionary history of a species or a set of related species. In this study, we have combined the application of slow‐ and fast‐evolving nuclear markers (proteins and microsatellites, respectively) together with the analysis of two‐gene genealogies to further understand the history of the Iberian endemic Schreiber's green lizard,Lacerta schreiberi, a species for which a well established phylogeographical scenario is available. In sharp contrast with the observation of four divergent and almost allopatric mtDNA clades, our nuclear data revealed how two groups of populations diverged, persisted and began to admix along the mountains of the Iberian Central System. In addition, the combination of mtDNA and nuclear data showed how the core area of the species distribution responded to ice ages, first by relatively old processes of population expansion to the south followed by episodes of contraction that are at the origin of present‐day isolates, and more recently by a postglacial expansion to the Iberian Northwest where new habitats were made available after climatic amelioration. Taken together with recently published results for a variety of other organisms, our results suggest that complex processes of fragmentation, expansion and admixture can only be properly addressed through the use of several and complementary types of molecular markers. Finally, we also suggest that southern European refugia are both hotspots and melting pots of genetic diversity.
Environmental history of southern Patagonia unravelled by the seismic stratigraphy of Laguna Potrok Aike
Authors: ANSELMETTI FLAVIO S. , ARIZTEGUI DANIEL , DE BATIST MARC , CATALINA GEBHARDT A. , HABERZETTL TORSTEN , NIESSEN FRANK , OHLENDORF CHRISTIAN , ZOLITSCHKA BERND 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLaguna Potrok Aike, located in southernmost Patagonia (Argentina, 52°S) is a 100 m deep hydrologically closed lake that probably provides the only continental southern Patagonian archive covering a long and continuous interval of several glacial to interglacial cycles. In the context of the planned ‘International Continental Scientific Drilling Program’ initiative ‘Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Archive Drilling Project’, several seismic site surveys that characterize in detail the sedimentary subsurface of the lake have been undertaken. Long sediment cores recovered the material to date and calibrate these seismic data. Laguna Potrok Aike is rimmed steeply, circular in shape with a diameter of ∼3·5 km and is surrounded by a series of subaerial palaeoshorelines, reflecting varying lake‐level highstands and lowstands. Seismic data indicate a basinwide erosional unconformity that occurs consistently on the shoulder of the lake down to a depth of −33 m (below 2003 ad lake level), marking the lowest lake level during Late Glacial to Holocene times. Cores that penetrate this unconformity comprise Marine Isotope Stage 3‐dated sediments (45 kyr bp) ∼3·5 m below, and post‐6800 cal yr bp transgressional sediments above the unconformity. This Middle Holocene transgression following an unprecedented lake‐level lowstand marks the onset of a stepwise change in moisture, as shown by a series of up to 11 buried palaeoshorelines that were formed during lake‐level stillstands at depths between −30 and −12 m. Two series of regressive shorelines between ∼5800 to 5400 and ∼4700 to 4000 cal yr bpinterrupt the overall transgressional trend. In the basin, mound‐like drift sediments occur after ∼6000 cal yr bp, documenting the onset of lake currents triggered by a latitudinal shift or an increase in wind intensity of the Southern Hemispheric Westerlies over Laguna Potrok Aike at that time. Furthermore, several well‐defined lateral slides can be recognized. The majority of these slides occurred during the mid‐Holocene lake‐level lowering when the slopes became rapidly sediment‐charged because of erosion from the exposed shoulder sediments. Around 7800 and 4900 cal yr bp, several slides went down simultaneously, probably triggered by seismic shaking.