bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Preoperative Physiological Risk Profile on Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality After Emergency Operation of Complicated Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Egberts Jan‐Hendrik , Summa Birte , Schulz Ulrike , Schafmayer Clemens , Hinz Sebastian , Tepel Juergen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative physiological risk profile for postoperative morbidity and mortality after emergency treatment of complicated peptic ulcer disease (PUD).MethodsOperative notes and hospital files of 261 patients—111 female, 150 male; median age 67 years (range 17–100 years)—undergoing an emergency operation from 1993 to 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. The physiologic subscore of the POSSUM score (POSSUM‐phys) was analyzed with regard to predicting postoperative complications. Follow‐up was obtained from questionnaires sent to family practitioners or by patient interviews.ResultsThe overall complication rate was 44%, and mortality was 24%. Among risk factors studied (e.g., sex, patient’s age, duration of symptoms, type of surgery), a high POSSUM‐phys score was the strongest predictor for postoperative sepsis, anastomotic/suture dehiscence, postoperative bleeding, and mortality. Cut points for patients at risk could be calculated. Surgical procedures (organ‐preserving versus resection) had no influence when matched for POSSUM‐phys score. Nevertheless, organ resections were associated with higher scores. Recurrent PUD was a rare event (7.6%).ConclusionThe preoperative physiologic POSSUM score is a promising instrument for identifying patients at increased risk to develop major postoperative complications after emergency surgery for complicated PUD. Prospective studies are needed to prove its applicability for adjusting treatment to individual patients.
Identification of stage-specifically expressed genes ofTrichinella spiralisby suppression subtractive hybridization
Authors: LIU M. Y. , WANG X. L. , FU B. Q. , LI C. Y. , WU X. P. , Le RHUN D. , CHEN Q. J. , BOIREAU P. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYNewborn larvae (NBL) and adult (Ad) stage-specifically expressed genes or members of gene families ofTrichinella spiraliswere identified by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)†. Six cDNA clones were identified as NBL stage-specific, including 1 member of theT. spiralisgene family encoding glutamic acid-rich proteins, 2 clones encoding novel serine proteases, 2 closely related clones encoding proteins that are members of a deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II)-like family and 1 clone with no similarity to known genes. Four stage-specific clones encoding homologues of retinoid X receptor, caveolin, C2H2 type zinc finger protein and a putative protein with no homology to known sequences were obtained from 3-day-old adult worms. One gene specifically up-regulated in the 5-day-old adult worms encoding a putative cuticle collagen was also identified.
Recurrent multistate outbreak of Salmonella Newport associated with tomatoes from contaminated fields, 2005
Authors: GREENE S. K. , DALY E. R. , TALBOT E. A. , DEMMA L. J. , HOLZBAUER S. , PATEL N. J. , HILL T. A. , WALDERHAUG M. O. , HOEKSTRA R. M. , LYNCH M. F. , PAINTER J. A. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYSalmonella Newport causes more than an estimated 100 000 infections annually in the United States. In 2002, tomatoes grown and packed on the eastern shore of Virginia contaminated with a pan-susceptible S. Newport strain caused illness in 510 patients in 26 states. In July–November 2005, the same strain caused illness in at least 72 patients in 16 states. We conducted a case-control study during the 2005 outbreak, enrolling 29 cases and 140 matched neighbourhood controls. Infection was associated with eating tomatoes (matched odds ratio 9·7, 95% confidence interval 3·3–34·9). Tomatoes were traced back to the eastern shore of Virginia, where the outbreak strain was isolated from pond water used to irrigate tomato fields. Two multistate outbreaks caused by one rare strain, and identification of that strain in irrigation ponds 2 years apart, suggest persistent contamination of tomato fields. Further efforts are needed to prevent produce contamination on farms and throughout the food supply chain.
High prevalence of antibodies to Legionella spp. in Danish blood donors. A study in areas with high and average incidence of Legionnaires' disease
Authors: RUDBECK M. , MØLBAK K. , ULDUM S. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYThe incidence of Legionnaires' disease has an uneven geographical distribution in Denmark, ranging from 3 to 70 notified cases per million inhabitants per year in different towns. We investigated the prevalence of antibodies to Legionella in the one town with a consistently high incidence (Randers, Aarhus County) and compared it with that of an area of average incidence (Vejle, Vejle County). Blood samples were collected from healthy blood donors in Randers (n=308) and in Vejle (n=400), and analysed for antibodies to Legionella by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test with L. pneumophila, L. micdadei, and L. bozemanii as antigens. Overall 22·9% of the donors had antibody titres of ⩾1:128; indicating that antibodies to Legionella are common in healthy individuals, and reflecting that the bacteria may be widely distributed in the environment. Surprisingly, the study did not reveal a higher prevalence in the hyperendemic area. Thus, the high incidence of notified cases in this particular town may not be attributed to an overall increased exposure of the general population.
On the Lyapunov exponents of the asteroidal motion subject to resonances and encounters
Authors: Shevchenko Ivan I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn theoretical as well as practical issues of the asteroidal hazard problem, it is important to be able to assess the degree of predictability of the orbital motion of asteroids. Some asteroids move in a virtually predictable way, others do not. The characteristic time of predictability of any motion is nothing but the Lyapunov time (the reciprocal of the maximum Lyapunov exponent) of the motion. In this report, a method of analytical estimation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents of the orbital motion of asteroids is described in application for two settings of the problem. Namely, the following two types of the motion are considered: (1) the motion close to the ordinary or three-body mean motion resonances with planets, and (2) the motion in highly eccentric orbits subject to moderately close encounters with planets. Whatever different these settings may look, the analytical treatment is universal: it is performed within a single framework of the general separatrix map theory. (Recall that the separatrix maps describe the motion near the separatrices of a nonlinear resonance.) The analytical estimates of the Lyapunov times are compared to known numerical ones, i.e., to known estimates obtained by means of numerical integration of the orbits.
Resonant trans-Neptunian objects as a source of Jupiter-family comets
Authors: Kiseleva E. L. , Emel'yanenko V. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe dynamical interrelation between resonant trans-Neptunian objects and short-period comets is studied. Initial orbits of resonant objects are based on computations in the model of the outward transport of objects during Neptune's migration in the early history of the outer Solar system. The dynamical evolution of this population is investigated for 4.5 Gyr, using a symplectic integrator. Our calculations show that resonant trans-Neptunian objects give a substantial contribution to the planetary region. We have estimated that the relative fraction of objects captured per year from the 2/3 resonance to Jupiter-family orbits with perihelion distances q<2.5 AU is 0.4×10−10 near the present epoch.
Search for small trans-Neptunian objects by the TAOS project
Authors: Chen W.P. , Alcock C. , Axelrod T. , Bianco F.B. , Byun Y.I. , Chang Y.H. , Cook K.H. , Dave R. , Giammarco J. , Kim D.W. , King S.K. , Lee T. , Lehner M. , Lin C.C. , Lin H.C. , Lissauer J.J. , Marshall S. , Meinshausen N. , Mondal S. , de Pater I. , Porrata R. , Rice J. , Schwamb M.E. , Wang A. , Wang S.Y. , Wen C.Y. , Zhang Z.W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Taiwan-America Occultation Survey (TAOS) aims to determine the number of small icy bodies in the outer reach of the Solar System by means of stellar occultation. An array of 4 robotic small (D=0.5 m), wide-field (f/1.9) telescopes have been installed at Lulin Observatory in Taiwan to simultaneously monitor some thousand of stars for such rare occultation events. Because a typical occultation event by a TNO a few km across will last for only a fraction of a second, fast photometry is necessary. A special CCD readout scheme has been devised to allow for stellar photometry taken a few times per second. Effective analysis pipelines have been developed to process stellar light curves and to correlate any possible flux changes among all telescopes. A few billion photometric measurements have been collected since the routine survey began in early 2005. Our preliminary result of a very low detection rate suggests a deficit of small TNOs down to a few km size, consistent with the extrapolation of some recent studies of larger (30–100 km) TNOs.
Physical models of asteroids from sparse photometric data
Authors: Ďurech Josef , Scheirich Petr , Kaasalainen Mikko , Grav Tommy , Jedicke Robert , Denneau Larry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present an overview of our work on shape and spin state determination of asteroids from photometric data sparse in time. Our results are based on simulations that were performed using realistic shape and light-scattering models and time sequences that will be provided by Pan-STARRS (Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System). We show some typical examples of physical model reconstruction of main belt and near-Earth asteroids and discuss the lightcurve inversion of slow and fast rotators, binary asteroids and tumbling asteroids. We emphasize the scientific potential of sparse photometric data to produce models of a large number of asteroids within the next few years.
X-ray fluorescence modelling for Solar system regoliths: Effects of viewing geometry, particle size, and surface roughness
Authors: Näränen Jyri , Parviainen Hannu , Muinonen Karri 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSoft X-ray fluorescent emission from the surfaces of asteroids and other atmosphereless solar-system objects is studied using ray-tracing techniques. X-ray observations allow the assessment of the elemental composition and structure of the surface. The model regolith is assumed to consist of close-packed uniformly distributed spherical particles of equal size. The surface is also assumed to be rough according to a fractional-Brownian-motion model. The fluorescent X-ray emission from regolith surfaces is simulated in order to better understand the contribution of viewing-geometry -related phenomena on the signal obtained from, e.g., orbiting platforms. The first results are presented and the applicability of the methods to the interpretation of future asteroid and Mercury mission X-ray data (e.g., BepiColombo) is discussed.
Single and multiple solution algorithms to scan asteroid databases for identifications
Authors: Sansaturio Maria E. , Arratia O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe process of cataloguing the minor planet population of the Solar System has experienced a great advance in the last decades with the start-up of several surveys. The large volume of data generated by them has increased with time and given rise to huge databases of asteroids with uneven qualities.In fact, a significant fraction of these objects have not been enough observed, thus leading to the computation of very poor quality orbits as to carry out useful predictions of the positions of such asteroids. As a result, some objects can get lost, which is particularly embarrassing for those with Earth crossing orbits.When this situation persists for a long time, the aforementioned databases end up contaminated in the sense that they contain more than one discovery for the same physical object and some kind of action must be taken. The algorithms for asteroid identifications are thought precisely to mitigate this problem and their design will depend upon the quality of the available data for the objects to be identified.In this paper we will distinguish two cases: when both objects have a nominal orbit and when one of them lacks it. In addition, when the available data poorly constrain the solution, other orbits in the neighbourhood of the nominal one are also compatible with the observations. Using these alternative orbits allows us to find many identifications that otherwise would be missed. Finally, we will show the efficiency of all these algorithms when applied to the datasets distributed by the Minor Planet Center.
Keplerian consequences of an impact on an asteroid and their relevance for a deflection demonstration mission
Authors: Rathke Andreas , Izzo Dario 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe investigate upon the change of an asteroid orbit caused by an impact. We find that, given the assumption of two dimensional motion, the asteroid displacement may be described by an analytic and explicit expression that is the vectorial sum of a radial component and a component along the asteroid velocity. The new formulation bridges the gap between the study of short-term effects, using numerical methods and the analytic study of secular changes of the asteroid orbit. The relation of the method to the established formulations is described and the known results are derived as limiting cases.The application of the new method for the performance evaluation of an asteroid deflection demonstration mission is illustrated. In such a mission the measurement of the change of the asteroid orbit by an impact will be conducted by radio-ranging to a spacecraft orbiting the deflected asteroid. Hence the measurement will primarily be sensitive to the deflection projected onto the Earth-asteroid line of sight. We discuss how the new formulation of the deflection can conveniently be employed for the estimation of the measurement accuracy and the optimal planning of a deflection demonstration mission.
The cometary impactor flux at the Earth
Authors: Weissman Paul R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComets account for a small but very significant fraction of impactors on the Earth. Although the total number of Earth-crossing comets is modest as compared with asteroids, the more eccentric and inclined orbits of the comets result in much higher encounter velocities with the planet. Additionally, some Earth-crossing comets are significantly larger than any current near-Earth asteroids (NEAs); comets 1P/Halley and C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp are good examples of this. Thus, the most energetic impacts on the Earth likely result from comets and not NEAs. The mean impact probability for long-period comets is 2.4× 10−9per comet per perihelion passage, assuming the perihelion distribution of Everhart (1967), with a most probable encounter velocity of 53.5 km sec−1. There are 21 known Earth-crossing Jupiter-family comets with a mean impact probability of 1.6× 10−9per comet per year and a most probable encounter velocity of 17.0 km sec−1. For the 16 known Earth-crossing Halley-type comets the mean impact probability is 1.2× 10−10per year with a most probable encounter velocity of 51.3 km sec−1. The poor knowledge of the size distribution of cometary nuclei makes it difficult to estimate actual impact energies at this time, though that situation is slowly improving, in particular for the Jupiter-family comets.
Near Earth Object impact simulation tool for supporting the NEO mitigation decision making process
Authors: Bailey Nick J. , Swinerd Graham G. , Morley Andrew D. , Lewis Hugh G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a computer simulation tool, NEOSim, capable of modelling small NEO impacts and their effect on the global population. The development of the tool draws upon existing models for the atmospheric passage and impact processes. Simulation of the land and ocean impact effects, combined with a population density model, leads to casualty estimation at both a regional and global level. Casualty predictions are based upon the intensity of each impact effect on the local population density, with consideration given to the population inside or outside local infrastructure. Two case studies are presented. The first evaluates the potential threat to the UK, and highlights coastal locations as being at greatest risk. Locations around Cornwall demonstrate an increase in casualties above the local average. The second case study concerns the potential impact of asteroid (99942) Apophis in 2036. Propagation of the possible orbits along the line of variance leads to an extensive path of risk on the Earth. Deflection of the asteroid, by a variety of means, will move the projected impact site along this path. Results generated by NEOSim for the path indicate that South American countries such as Colombia and Venezuela are at a greatest risk with estimated casualty figures in excess of 10 million. Applications of this software to the NEO threat are discussed, along with the next stage of NEO impact simulation development.
Regulation and enzymatic basis of bone resorption by human osteoclasts
Authors: Fuller Karen , Kirstein Barrie , Chambers Timothy J. 
Published: May 2007

Although much has been learned recently of the mechanisms that regulate osteoclastic differentiation, much less is known of the means through which their resorptive activity is controlled. This is especially so for human osteoclasts. We have recently developed an assay that allows us to measure resorptive activity while minimizing confounding effects on differentiation by optimizing osteoclastogenesis, so that measurable resorption occurs over a short period, and by relating resorption in each culture during the test period to the resorption that had occurred in the same culture in a prior control period. In the present study, we found that RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) strongly stimulated the release of CTX-I (C-terminal telopeptide degradation product of type I collagen) by osteoclasts over a similar range to that over which it induces osteoclastic differentiation, consistent with a distinct action on osteoclastic function. CT (calcitonin) dose-dependently inhibited bone resorption, whereas PTH (parathyroid hormone), IL (interleukin)-1, TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), IL-6, IL-8, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MIP-1γ (macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ), IFN (interferon)-γ and dibutyryl cGMP had no significant effect. Ca2+, cyclosporin A, IFN-β and dibutyryl cAMP all strongly suppressed resorption. Bone resorption was also strongly suppressed by alendronate, the cysteine protease inhibitor E64 and the cathepsin K inhibitor MV061194. Inhibitors of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) had no effect on CTX-I release. Moreover, the release of the MMP-derived collagen fragment ICTP (C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen) represented less that 0.01% of the quantity of CTX-I released in our cultures. This suggests that MMPs make, at most, a very small contribution to the bone-resorptive activity of osteoclasts.
Differences in the diagnostic value of various criteria of negative T waves for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on a molecular genetic diagnosis
Authors: Konno Tetsuo , Fujino Noboru , Hayashi Kenshi , Uchiyama Katsuharu , Masuta Eiichi , Katoh Hiromasa , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Tsubokawa Toshinari , Ino Hidekazu , Yamagishi Masakazu 
Published: May 2007

Differences in the diagnostic value of a variety of definitions of negative T waves for HCM (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) have not yet been clarified, resulting in a number of definitions being applied in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to determine the most accurate diagnostic definition of negative T waves for HCM in genotyped populations. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were analysed in 161 genotyped subjects (97 carriers and 64 non-carriers). We applied three different criteria that have been used in previous studies: Criterion 1, negative T wave &gt;10 mm in depth in any leads; Criterion 2, negative T wave &gt;3 mm in depth in at least two leads; and Criterion 3, negative T wave &gt;1 mm in depth in at least two leads. Of the three criteria, Criterion 3 had the highest sensitivity (43% compared with 5 and 26% in Criterion 1 and Criterion 2 respectively; P&lt;0.0001) and retained a specificity of 95%, resulting in the highest accuracy. In comparison with abnormal Q waves, negative T waves for Criterion 3 had a lower sensitivity in detecting carriers without LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy) (12.9% for negative T waves compared with 22.6% for abnormal Q waves). On the other hand, in detecting carriers with LVH, the sensitivity of negative T waves increased in a stepwise direction with the increasing extent of LVH (P&lt;0.001), whereas there was less association between the sensitivity of abnormal Q waves and the extent of LVH. In conclusion, Criterion 3 for negative T waves may be the most accurate definition of HCM based on genetic diagnoses. Negative T waves may show different diagnostic value according to the different criteria and phenotypes in genotyped populations with HCM.
A Narrative Therapy Approach to Counseling: A Model for Working With Adolescents and Adults With Language-Literacy Deficits
Authors: Wolter Julie A. , DiLollo Anthony , Apel Kenn 
Published: May 2007

PurposeRemediation efforts with adolescents and adults with language-literacy deficits (LLD) may be hindered by concomitant factors such as decreased self-esteem and self-efficacy. Despite sound linguistically based remediation practices, treatment lacking integrated counseling components may fail to achieve optimal outcomes. In this tutorial, we recount a counseling approach, specifically a narrative therapy counseling approach based on constructivist theory, to be used with adolescents and adults with LLD.MethodA review of the literature includes research on the use of counseling in communication disorders settings and on the application of a narrative therapy counseling approach with individuals with decreased self-esteem. The key components and steps of narrative therapy are described, and applications for use with adolescents and adults with LLD are suggested. Sample vignettes of a counseling component for a 22-year-old student with LLD who is enrolled in literacy intervention are used to illustrate some of the key points of a narrative therapy counseling approach.ImplicationsA narrative therapy counseling approach that is integrated into language-literacy remediation may be an effective way of addressing concomitant factors such as decreased self-esteem in adolescents and adults with LLD. Readers of this article are challenged to seek additional counseling training and to begin to conduct research to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficacy of integrating a counseling component into speech and language therapy.