bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth sense of community: Voice and power in community contexts
Authors: Evans Scot D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSense of Community theory suggests that people feel more attracted to groups and settings in which they feel influential or powerful. Unfortunately, young people have no voice or influence in many of the contexts in which they find themselves. Furthermore, teenagers are often unequipped and undersupported to participate fully and feel like they are making meaningful contributions to society. This is especially the case for young people who are disadvantaged or members of a minority groups. A two‐part study was undertaken to explore sense of community in adolescents. The first phase utilized existing tools to measure adolescent sense of community in school, neighborhood, and city contexts. The second phase of the study relied on in‐depth interviews with teenagers to better understand how they construct their sense of community. This article reports findings from the second phase and looks closely at the sense of community domain of “influence” as it applies to adolescents. Interviews with young people suggest that they feel a stronger self‐described sense of community in contexts where they experience voice and resonance, some power and influence, and adequate adult support and challenge. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 693–709, 2007.
Pressure‐Assisted Spinning: A Versatile and Economical, Direct Fibre to Scaffold Spinning Methodology
Authors: Arumuganathar Sumathy , Jayasinghe Suwan N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpinning composite polymer fibres by means of electric fields has been investigated for well over a century. These spun fibres have been explored across many areas of research, spanning the physical to the life sciences; however, electrospinning has the hazardous nature of the high voltage at the spinning needle. We demonstrate here a competing direct fibre to scaffold preparation method, completely determined by an applied pressure. Our technique reported here removes the hazardous high‐voltage element from the fibre/scaffold formation technique and has the ability to form uniaxial fibres and scaffolds comparable to those fabricated by electrospinning. We refer to this fibre generation approach as “pressure‐assisted spinning (PAS)”, which will have a tremendous impact in a range of applications, spanning the physical through to the life sciences. PAS joins the techniques for fibre to scaffold generation with a view to significantly and globally contributing to the micro‐ and nanosciences.magnified image
Organic Memory Device Based on Carbazole‐Substituted Cellulose
Authors: Karakawa Makoto , Chikamatsu Masayuki , Yoshida Yuji , Azumi Reiko , Yase Kiyoshi , Nakamoto Chikanobu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel functionalized cellulose derivative, 6‐O‐[4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]‐2,3‐di‐O‐methyl cellulose, has been synthesized and characterized. The photoluminescence spectrum of the as‐cast film of the cellulose derivative exhibits sharp peaks with a well‐defined vibronic structure, which indicates that the interaction between carbazole groups is rather weak. This is in contrast to the broad spectrum of a poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) thin film. A thin‐film device, where the cellulose derivative is sandwiched by two different metals, shows a drastic transition between low‐ and high‐conductivity states upon the forward and backward sweeping of an external electric field. This reversible current density transition behavior demonstrates a typical memory characteristic, with the ON/OFF (high‐ and low‐conductivity) states exhibiting a current ratio of about four orders of magnitude. The cellulose derivative with a functional group such as a carbazole moiety will be a candidate for organic electronic materials.magnified image
Atom‐Transfer Radical Batch and Semibatch Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Fu Yao , Mirzaei Ahmad , Cunningham Michael F. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBatch and semibatch styrene polymerizations are carried out using a heterogeneous ATRP catalyst system that provides excellent molecular‐weight control. The observed initiator efficiency is lower for semibatch operation due to the high initiator concentrations required to make a low‐MW polymer. Experiments verified that the insoluble metal complex does not participate in the polymerization and that Cu(I) solubility is an order of magnitude higher than that of Cu(II). A mechanistic model, using kinetic coefficients from literature and the solubility data from this study, provides a good representation of the experimental results.magnified image
The distribution coefficient of oil and curing agent in PP/EPDM TPV
Authors: Lei Caihong , Huang Xianbo , Ma Fangzhong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe distribution coefficients of oil and curing agent in PP/EPDM TPV were calculated by measuring the melting point of the PP phase using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PP/EPDM TPV was prepared by using a twin screw extruder and a peroxide curing agent was used. The peroxide induces the degradation of PP, resulting in the decrease of Tm. The oil in PP phase also decreases the Tm. Based on the Tm difference among pure PP and PP/EPDM TPV before and after extraction by cylcohexane, the calculated oil distribution coefficient is 0.537. The addition sequence of PP, oil, and curing agent has a significant effect on the Tm and the calculated curing agent distribution coefficient is 0.52. Both of the coefficients are less than 1. Based on the calculation of the two coefficients, a rationale design of thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) can be made by proper control of raw materials, addition sequence, and processing parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of a shared experience group for women and their support persons following prenatal diagnosis and termination for a fetal abnormality
Authors: Gordon L. , Thornton A. , Lewis S. , Wake S. , Sahhar M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives Support after fetal diagnosis of abnormality (SAFDA), is a facilitated shared experience group for women and their partners or support person, in Victoria, Australia, who have had a pregnancy termination for a fetal abnormality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the SAFDA‐facilitated group.Methods A questionnaire‐based study was undertaken between 2001 and 2005 to evaluate SAFDA. A deidentified self‐completed questionnaire was given to participants at the end of each group and included questions relating to the referring professional, participants' prior expectations of the group, helpfulness of participation, preferred group format, length, and venue. In addition, there was also opportunity for participants to make general comments on their experiences of participating in SAFDA.Results A total of 85 participants (100% response) completed the questionnaire. Seventy‐one participants (84%) considered it ‘very helpful’ to participate in the group. Seventy‐eight participants (92%) considered that a shared‐experience group was the most beneficial format. Comments written by participants affirmed that the present format of SAFDA was a highly valued opportunity to listen to and share experiences in a confidential small group.Conclusion SAFDA is a beneficial forum for women and their partners or support person to share their experiences after having had a pregnancy termination for a fetal abnormality. Further, SAFDA provides information and insights for health professionals who are considering how best to support women. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrapericardial teratoma with hydrops leading to in utero demise
Authors: Pachy F. , Raiffort C. , Mechler C. , Zilberman S. , Mandelbrot L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report a case of intrapericardial teratoma following in utero demise at 29 weeks with nonimmune hydrops. The diagnosis was strongly suggested by ultrasound findings and confirmed by fetopathology. The mechanism whereby intrapericardial teratomas may lead to hydrops and death is massive pericardial effusion responsible for compressive tamponade.When prenatal diagnosis is performed before this stage, in utero interventions can obtain decompression, and the birth can be planned with rapid and appropriate management of the neonate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent variations of ligand‐receptor contact points in hAT1
Authors: Arsenault J. , Renaud M. P. La Haye , Clément M. , Fillion D. , Guillemette G. , Leduc R. , Lavigne P. , Escher E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhotoaffinity labelling is regularly used to investigate proteins, including peptidergic G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR). To this purpose benzophenone photolabels have been widely used to identify many contact residues in ligand‐binding pockets. The three‐dimensional binding environment of the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor hAT1 has been determined using an iterative methionine mutagenesis strategy based on the photochemical properties and preferential incorporation of benzophenone onto methionine. This has led to the construction of a ligand‐bound receptor structure. The present study investigated the effect of temperature on the accessibility of some of these contact points. The hAT1 receptor and two representative Met mutants (H256M‐hAT1 and F293M‐hAT1) from the iterative mutagenesis study were photolabelled with the benzophenone‐ligand 125I‐[Sar1, Bpa8]AngII at temperatures ranging from − 15 °C to 37 °C. Labelled receptors were partially purified and digested with cyanogen bromide to identify the contact points or segments. There were no changes in receptor contacts or labelling in the 7th transmembrane domains (TMD) of hAT1 and F293M‐hAT1 across the temperature range. However, a temperature‐dependent change in the ligand‐receptor contact of H256M‐hAT1 was observed. At − 15 °C, H256M labelling was identical to that of hAT1, indicating that the interaction was specific to the 7th TMD. Significant labelling changes were observed at higher temperatures and at 37 °C labelling occurred almost exclusively at mutated residue H256M‐hAT1 in the 6th TMD. Simultaneous competitive labelling of different areas of this target protein indicated that the ligand‐receptor structure became increasingly fluctual at physiological temperatures, while a more compact, low mobility, and low energy conformation prevailed at low temperatures. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐crystal EPR studies of a perchlorate‐bridged dimeric copper(II) complex with 2‐[(4‐methyl‐pyridin‐2‐ylimino)‐methyl]‐phenol
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Sougandi I. , Velavan K. , Venkatesan R. , Sambasiva Rao P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new dimeric perchlorate‐bridged copper(II) complex with the Schiff's base ligand 2‐[(4‐methyl‐pyridin‐2‐ylimino)‐methyl]‐phenol has been synthesized. The complex has been characterized using elemental analysis, ultraviolet–visible and infrared spectroscopy, conductivity, magnetic studies and EPR techniques. Single‐crystal EPR studies indicate that zero‐field splitting (D) is relatively small, and that the half‐field transition is not observed due to its low intensity. An interesting observation in the frozen solution is that the low‐field side of the zero‐field splitting line splits into seven lines, due to interaction between the two copper ions. The magnetic susceptibility data indicate a weak ferromagnetic property and that the complex is a 1:2 electrolyte. Another set of EPR resonances corresponding to higher D and g values, compared to the system reported, are noticed, whose origin is not yet known. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semiconductor heterostructure studies using emerging technologies
Authors: Hirayama Yoshiro , Sogawa Tetsuomi , Suzuki Kyoichi , Kanisawa Kiyoshi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLow‐temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (LT‐STM), surface acoustic wave (SAW), and mechanical cantilever are used to measure and manipulate quantum characteristics in semiconductor heterostructures. A nanoscale detection of local density of states is demonstrated for electrons confined in semiconductor quantum wells and dots by a combination of InAs‐based heterostructures and LT‐STM. The SAW is used to realize moving quantum wires and dots in semiconductor heterostructures. A synchronized optical measurement confirms two types of modulation, i.e. bandgap and potential modulations. A combination of mechanical cantilever and quantum heterostructures gives a new mechanical functionality and a novel tool to analyse quantum transport characteristics. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antioxidant activity of Vitex agnus‐castus L. extracts
Authors: Sağlam Hüsniye , Pabuçcuoğlu Aysun , Kıvçak Bijen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ethanol, n‐hexane and water extracts of Vitex agnus‐castus L. leaves and fruits were screened for antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was determined by an improved assay based on the decolorization of the radical monocation of 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). The water and ethanol extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity than the n‐hexane extracts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilotprojekt zur Instandsetzung orthotroper Platten
Authors: Hamme Markus , Naumann Joachim , Prehn Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOrthotrope Stahlfahrbahnplatten von Brücken, insbesondere solche aus der Zeit vor 1970, weisen gelegentlich Ermüdungsschäden auf. Die absehbare Entwicklung des Verkehrs in Richtung höherer Achslasten und größeren Volumens lässt Gefährdungen der Dauertragfähigkeit auch bei gesunden Brücken vermuten, weswegen eine nachhaltige Ertüchtigung der bestehenden orthotropen Fahrbahnplatten ein Thema ist. Vom Landesbetrieb Straßenbau NRW wurde deshalb in Abstimmung mit dem Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung ein Pilotprojekt zur dauerhaften Instandsetzung orthotroper Fahrbahnplatten durchgeführt. Im folgenden Aufsatz werden die Gründe für die Ausführung des Pilotprojekts und die grundlegenden Planungsparameter sowie die ersten Erfahrungen erläutert.
Verstärkung der orthotropen Stahlfahrbahn der Schönwasserparkbrücke mittels Stahl‐Elastomer‐Sandwich (SPS)
Authors: Matuschek Johann , Stihl Thomas , Bild Stefan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVom Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung wurde 2005 ein Pilotprojekt zur Anwendung von Stahl‐Elastomer‐Sandwich‐Overlay zur Verstärkung von orthotropen Stahlfahrbahnen gefördert. Mit diesem wurde eine neue Technik getestet, mit der Brückenbauwerke gegen Gefährdungen aus stärker werdendem Verkehr ertüchtigt werden können.Im folgenden Aufsatz werden das getestete Verfahren sowie Planung und Ausführung des Pilotprojekts an einer Autobahnbrücke der BAB A 57 in Krefeld beschrieben.
Ein Bemessungsmodell für durchlaufende Verbundträger mit großen Stegöffnungen
Authors: Weil Torsten , Schnell Jürgen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurchlaufende Verbundträger können mit dem Fließgelenkverfahren berechnet werden. Bei dieser Methode werden die plastischen Querschnitts‐ und Systemreserven ausgenutzt. Bisher war bei der Anwendung der Fließgelenktheorie die Betrachtung von großen Öffnungen im Steg nicht geklärt. Im Fachgebiet Massivbau und Baukonstruktion der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern wurde ein von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) gefördertes Forschungsprojekt [1] bearbeitet, bei dem durchlaufende Verbundträger mit Öffnungen experimentell und numerisch untersucht wurden. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wurde u. a. ein Nachweiskonzept entwickelt, mit dem solche Verbundträger nach der Fließgelenktheorie bemessen werden können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dieses Bemessungsmodell vorgestellt.
Rapid determination of iodine value by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Miyake Yuko , Yokomizo Kazuhisa , Matsuzaki Narihide 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHigh‐resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) has been found to be an effective tool for the direct, rapid, and automated determination of the iodine value (IV) of vegetable oils, including hydrogenated oils (IV=45.9–140.2). The total time required to obtain the 1H NMR data is about 3 min per sample. The IV is calculated from the number of double‐bonded protons and the average molecular weight derived directly from the spectrum. The average of olefinic protons and allylic plus divinyl protons area was used to calculate the absolute number of double‐bonded protons. The 1H NMR results were compared with those obtained by the traditional Wijs‐cyclohexane methods. The correlation coefficient between traditional IV and the novel 1H NMR method was r2=0.9994 for the regression equation Y=0.9885X + 2.8084, where X was the result given by the traditional method. With the proposed regression equation, IV calculated by the 1H NMR method was within an error of ± 1 unit of the result obtained by the traditional method. The proposed method is practically viable if one can afford to have the NMR system.
Flavor stability of high‐oleic peanuts stored at low humidity
Authors: Mugendi J. B. , Sims C. A. , Gorbet D. W. , O’Keefe S. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractShelf‐life studies were conducted on roasted high‐oleic peanuts (HOP; F1250, BC93Q10) and a reference peanut with normal oleic acid content (NOP, Florunner). HOP contained at least 80% oleic acid and 3% linoleic acid, whereas normal‐oleic peanuts contained 53% oleic and 27% linoleic acids. Peanuts were dry‐roasted to a medium roast (Hunter lab L=50) and stored at 40°C at 18% relative humidity. Samples were removed from storage at different intervals (0, 2, 4, 7, and 10 wk) for sensory evaluation and chemical oxidation measurements. Sensory attributes rated included roasted peanutty flavor, sweetness, crunchiness, and oxidized flavors (cardboardy and painty). The two HOP lines were not significantly different from each other in flavor quality or stability during storage but had better flavor quality and stability than NOP. The latter oxidized faster and developed painty off‐flavors to a greater extent than did the HOP lines. Chemical oxidation measurements confirmed higher levels of oxidation in NOP than in the HOP lines. Peroxide values at 10‐wk storage were 47 meq/kg oil for NOP and <3 meq/kg oil for the HOP lines. Both HOP lines had greater shelf lives than NOP.
4‐Demethylsterols and triterpene alcohols from two Vanilla bean species: Vanilla fragrans and V. tahitensis
Authors: Ramaroson‐Raonizafinimanana Béatrice , Gaydou Emile M. , Bombarda Isabelle 
Published: June 2007

Abstract4‐Demethylsterol and triterpene alcohol compositions of two Vanilla bean species (V. fragrans and V. tahitensis) were investigated. From retention times and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, nine 4‐demethylsterols were identified in V. fragrans and seven in V. tahitensis. The 4‐demethylsterol fraction of V. fragrans was characterized by a high content of 24‐methylene cholesterol (27–40%) and of β‐sitosterol (35–46%). The 4‐demethylsterol fraction of V. tahitensis was characterized by a high content of stigmasterol (27%) and of β‐sitosterol (57.5%), and a lower amount of 24‐methylene cholesterol (5%). Vanilla tahitensis was also characterized by the presence of ergosta‐5,25‐dien‐3β‐ol (2%) and the absence of campesterol, stigmasta‐5,22,25‐trien‐3β‐ol, and ergosta‐7,24(28)‐dien‐3β‐ol. The beans’ age modified the ratio 24‐methylene cholesterol/β‐sitosterol in V. fragrans. Combining liquid chromatography and gas chromatography allowed the identification of four other demethylsterols in V. fragrans (brassicasterol, 0.02%; stigmasta‐5,23‐dien‐3β‐ol, 1.43%; stigmasten‐22‐ol, 0.1%; and fucosterol, 0.5%) from the 4‐demethylsterol fraction. 24‐Methylene cholesterol and β‐sitosterol were isolated, and their structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Four triterpene alcohols were identified in V. fragrans, including cycloartenol (0.9–1.6%) from the triterpene alcohol fraction, 24‐dihydrotirucallol (17–23%) from the triterpene alcohol fraction, tirucall‐7‐en‐3β‐ol (6–7.5%) from the triterpene alcohol fraction, and in a higher content cyclosadol (66–69%) from the triterpene alcohol fraction. The content ranges were studied as a function of the beans’ age. Demethylsterol and triterpene alcohols profile could be used for origin differentiation.
The rate of ring opening of γ‐and δ‐lactones derived from meadowfoam fatty acids
Authors: Isbell Terry A. , Steiner Beth A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstractδ‐Lactones derived from meadowfoam (Limnanthes) fatty acids were reacted with amine and alcohol nucleophiles in a second‐order reaction to provide the acyclic 5‐hydroxy eicosanoic acid esters and amides. The rate of reaction for the ring opening of δ‐lactones was compared to the rate of ring opening of γ‐lactones and the rate of derivatization of meadowfoam fatty acids. δ‐Lactones showed a much larger rate for the formation of derivatives than the corresponding γ‐lactones or fatty acids. γ‐Lactone had a rate constant >7700 times larger for the formation of butyl ester than meadowfoam fatty acids. The formation of amides from δ‐lactones is even faster than the esterification reaction and requires no catalyst or solvent when conducted at the melting point of the lactone.
Characterization of expression of a plant oleate desaturase in yeast
Authors: Brown Adrian P. , Dann Rachel , Bowra Steve , Hills Matthew J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have expressed the oleate desaturase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of a galactose‐inducible promoter. Transfer of yeast cells to galactose‐containing media and growth at 30°C resulted in the production of active oleate desaturase, as shown by the appearance of the diunsaturated octadecadienoic acid (18:2) and hexadecadienoic acid (16:2). The highest level of these two fatty acids was 46.2%. In induced cultures, 18:2 appeared before 16:2, and we show that both of these fatty acids were present first on phosphatidylcholine and then appeared in other phospholipids and a neutral lipid fraction. We raised antibodies against the C‐terminal 100 amino acids of oleate desaturase and demonstrated that this protein was in the microsomal fraction of induced cells.
Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the serum and peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis
Authors: Pupo‐Nogueira A. , de Oliveira R.M. , Petta C.A. , Podgaec S. , Dias J.A. , Abrao M.S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: To investigate whether there is an association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in serum and peritoneal fluid, and the presence of pelvic endometriosis and its clinical symptoms. Methods: Blood and peritoneal fluid sample levels of VEGF were measured in 46 women undergoing laparoscopy: 32 with suspected endometriosis and 14 with confirmed endometriosis. Data were analyzed according to phase of the menstrual cycle, symptoms, disease stage, and disease site. Results: There were no significant associations between serum and peritoneal fluid levels of VEGF and the presence of endometriosis, even when controlling for the menstrual phase. However, among the women with confirmed endometriosis, there was a significant increase (P = 0.002) in the mean peritoneal VEGF level in those in the late secretory phase compared with those in the proliferative and early secretory phases. Conclusions: Measuring VEGF levels in symptomatic patients is not helpful to differentiate those with endometriosis from those with a different condition. However, in the late secretory and menstrual phases, mean VEGF levels were higher in women with confirmed endometriosis than in those suspected of having the disease.