bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIMILARITIES IN THE ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF THE OCEANIC DINOFLAGELLATES,PYROCYSTIS FUSIFORMIS, PYROCYSTIS LUNULA, ANDPYROCYSTIS NOCTILUCA1
Authors: Swift Elijah , Durbin Edward G. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThree cultured species ofPyrocystis(Dinoccoccales) reproduced asexually by forming 2 (or 1) aplanospores or zoospores inside the parent cell wall. In all 3 species these small reproductive cells, although they may not resemble the parent cells, swell up rapidly (∼ 10 min) to the approximate size and shape of the parent cell. These swollen cells become new vegetative cells. The above asexual process is the only way by which cells numbers increase in our cultures.Pyrocystis lunulawas propagated at the lunula stage of the life cycle. The nonmotile crescent‐shaped cells produced reproductive cells that wereGymnodinium‐shaped and had, in some cases, a trailing flagellum. WithP. fusiformisandP. noctiluca, the reproductive cells were not flagellated. WithP. fusiformis, these bodies had a pronounced equatorial constriction like a girdle, while inP. noctilucathe “girdle” was an inconspicuous feature if present. WithP. noctilucaandP. fusiformison a 12:12ldcycle, reproductive cells were formed early in the dark period and they swelled up at the beginning of the light period. Reproduction ofP. lunulawas not well phased in our experiments, with reproductive cells developing at the end of the light period and the end of the dark period.
THE UPTAKE AND OXIDATION OF GLYCOLIC ACID BY BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE1
Authors: Miller A. G. , Cheng K. H. , Colman Brian 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYTwo species of blue‐green algae Anabaena flosaquae and Oscillatoria sp. were shown to assimilate glycolic acid. In the presence of DCMU in light, approximately 50% of it wax oxidized to carbon dioxide; 90% was oxidized in the dark. Glycolate assimilation was increased fivefold by lowering the pH of the medium from 9.0 to 5.0, and the rate of uptake increased with increasing concentration of exogenous glycolate up to a saturation concentration of 12–14 mM. α‐Hydroxysulfonates markedly inhibited glycolate uptake and oxidation but iso‐nicotinyl hydrazide had little effect. These results indicate that glycolate oxidation occurs in vivo, but that the glycolate pathway in these algae differs some‐what from that of higher plants.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF SPOROGENESIS IN THE XANTHOPHYCEAN ALGA PSEUDOBUMILLERIOPSIS PYRENOIDOSA1,2
Authors: Deason Temd R. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe fine structure of vegetative cells, sporogenesis, and zoospores of the xanthophycean alga Pseudo‐bumilleriopsis pyrenoidosa is described. Cleavage in sporogenesis closely resembles that of certain aquatic fungi.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF DICTYOCHA FIBULA EHRENBERG. I. THE SKELETON1
Authors: Van Valkenburg Shirley D. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYCarbon replicas of the skeletons of a cultured clone of Dictyocha fibula reveal a surface pattern of bands 4–5 nm wide. Reticular ornamentation previously reported for fossil skeletons is not present. Skeleton formation may proceed from an initial series of dichotomous outgrowths of an elongate, formative vacuole; which later fuse at junctures of the basal ring and supporting bars. The presence or absence of an apical ring may be a function of variation in the duration of the synthetic stage of predivision among individuals within the same clone.
LIGHT/DARK PERIODICITY IN NITROGEN ASSIMILATION OF THE MARINE PHYTOPLANKTERSSKELETONEMA COSTATUMANDCOCCOLITHUS HUXLEYIIN N‐LIMITED CHEMOSTAT CULTURE1,2
Authors: Eppley Richard W. , Rogers Jane N. , McCarthy James J. , Sournia Alain 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYSkeletonema costatumandCoccolithus huxleyiwere grown in nitrogen‐limited chemostat cultures with illumination provided in light/dark cycles.S. costatumassimilated nitrate and ammonium primarily during the day and less so at night. Conversely, the concentration of nitrate and ammonium in the culture medium varied periodically, increasing at night and decreasing in the light.C. huxleyiassimilated both N sources at a rate sufficient to keep them at very low levels both day and night. However, the activity of N‐assimilating enzymes, measured in cell‐free extracts, were higher in the light than in the dark periods, implying light/dark differences in the capacity to assimilate nitrogen. Such periodicity in the rate of uptake and enzymatic activity appears to complicate the mathematical expression of nutrient‐limited growth of phytoplankton exposed to natural light/dark cycles.Three aspects of dial periodicity in N assimilation have been observed in natural phytoplankton communities in the sea: (1) in assimilation rate, (2) in activity of enzymes of N‐assimilation, and (3) in the ammonium concentration of the seawater. The cultures also showed periodicity in these parameters and appear to be useful model systems for study.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TIDEPOOL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF PERIDINIUM GREGARIUM1,2
Authors: Lombard Eugene H. , Capon Brian 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYDense populations of a new species of dinoflagellate, Peridinium gregarium, have been found in a limited number of small rock tidepools on the coast of southern California. The organism is present throughout the year, but during periods of low temperatures and heavy tides it remains on the bottom of the pools in small aggregations. At other seasons P. gregarium leaves the aggregations during the morning hours and collects around the upper surface of small rocks in masses held together by a mucous matrix. Oxygen bubbles accumulated in the matrix eventually float the mass to the surface of the tidepool. During the afternoon or evening, the individuals return to the bottom aggregations leaving the matrix behind. Field and laboratory studies have attempted to define the nature of this organism's tidepool habitat and factors involved in the regulation of its diurnal movements.
MORPHOLOGY AND FINE STRUCTURE OF FISCHERELLA AMBIGUA1
Authors: Thurston E. Laurence , Ingram Lonnie O. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY Fischerella ambigua is a branching blue‐green alga, the filamentous nature of which is maintained almost entirely by sheath material. Cell division in this organism most closely resembles the septal division found in most unicellular organisms. In all filamentous blue‐green algae previously examined with the electron microscope, cell division has resulted from the imagination of the plasma membrane and inner wall layer only; both the middle wall and the outer wall layers remain continuous throughout the length of the filament. In Fischerella, by contrast, the plasma membrane and the inner wall layer invaginate to produce initially 2 cells. However, the middle wall layer, outer wall layer, and sheath also invaginate to separate the daughter cells. The sheath alone remains continuous throughout the length of the filament.
SECRETION OF VITAMINS AND AMINO ACIDS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT BYOCHROMONAS DANICA1,2
Authors: Aaronson S. , DeAngelis B. , Frank O. , Baker H. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYOchromonas danicagrown on a chemically defined medium under controlled conditions in the light synthesized the following vitamins: ascorbate, B6,N5‐methyltetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates, oxidized folate monoglutamates, nicotinate, pantothenate, riboflavin, vitamin A, β‐carotene, and vitamin E but no vitamin. B12. The cells also secreted molecules into their growth medium including the vitamins ascorbate, B6, the above folates, nicotinate, pantothenate, riboflavin, vitamin E, and the amino acids alanine, aspartic acid, leucine, and valine. The role of such secretions in nature is discussed.
DESMARESTIA SP. ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEA PEN PTILOSARCUS GURNEYI(GRAY)1,2
Authors: Dube Maurice A. , Ball Eldon 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYLiving gametophyte filaments of Desmarestia were discovered embedded in the tissue of the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi. This may be the first record of the collection of a gametophyte of Desmarestia from nature. Sporophyte plants were derived from the cultured gametophytes.
A RECONSIDERATION OF LIVING AND FOSSIL PYROPHACUS STEIN, 1883 (DINOPHYCEAE)1,2
Authors: Wall David , Dale Barrie 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThree previously described dinoflagellates (2 “varieties” and a “form”) that comprise the marine genus Pyrophacus Stein, 1883, are allocated, to 3 separate species for the first time after demonstration of appropriate discontinuities in their respective theca and cyst morphologies. Formerly they were called P. horologium Stein var. horologium, P. horologium var. steinii Schiller and, Pyrophacus Form B1 of Steidinger and Davis; they become P. horologium Stein, P. steinii (Schiller) nov. comb., and P. vancampoae (Rossignol) nov. comb. The newly discovered cyst stage of the latter is identical with the fossil dinoflagellate Tuberculodinium vancampoae (Rossignol) Wall, whose unusual morphology is reinterpreted to include an oblate body, 4 rows of intratabular tubercules, and a uniquely located hypotractal (posterior antapical) archeopyle. The outer wall of the newly discovered benthic encysted stage of P. horologium Stein is gelatinous and agglutinating in behavior and comparable with the amorphous “Kalyptra” that constitutes the outer wall layer of several extinct Mesozoic and Danian fossil dinoflagellates.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THECAE OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE GENUS ORNITHOCERCUS1
Authors: Taylor F. J. R. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYMembers of the genus Ornithocercus are all tropical oceanic species in which the theca is extended in the form of elaborate wing‐like projections, the lists, supported by ribs. This paper illustrates the topography of 6 of the species. The theca is penetrated by numerous simple pores opening flush with the outer surface. On the inner side of the thecae the pores have a raised rim. The hypotheca of all species examined except O. splendidus have shallow depressions, the areolae, over most of the surface. Secondary thickening of mature cell walls deepens the appearance of the areolae, and increases their extent over the hypotheca in O. quadratus. The number of pores is not directly correlated with the areolae but seems rather to be a function of cell size.A comparison of the surface features confirms views that O. splendidus occupies a relatively isolated phenetic position. It also confirms the close similarity of O. steinii with O. thumii. Unexpectedly it suggested a phenetic closeness between O. magnificus and O. quadratus on the basis of hypothecal structure and rib features of the left sulcal list. O. heteroporus could not be subjected to the same degree of study and its position cannot be commented on.Some theoretical hydrodynamic and morphogenetic problems in Ornithocercus are discussed.
OCCURRENCE OF ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA IN MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES1,2
Authors: Gold Kenneth , Pollingher Utsa 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe marine dinoflagellates Gymnodinium splendens (photosynthetic) and Cryptothecodinium cohnii (heterotrophic) harbor abundant endosymbiotic bacterial floras. Some general observations are made on their characteristics, and on this symbiotic relationship in other protists.
LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE BROWN ALGA FUCUS VESICULOSUS1,2
Authors: Alam Maktoob , Chakravarti Ashima , Ikawa Miyoshi 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe lipids of the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus consist of approximately 3.6% hydrocarbons (including carotenes) and sterol esters, 11.8% triglycerides, 4.2% free fatty acids, 10.6% sterols, 15.1% chlorophylls and xanthophylls, 29.9% glycolipids, and 6.5% phospholipids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol appear to be present and phosphatidylcholine is absent.
Maintenance Treatment for Old‐Age Depression Preserves Health‐Related Quality of Life: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Paroxetine and Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Authors: Dombrovski Alexandre Y. , Lenze Eric J. , Dew Mary Amanda , Mulsant Benoit H. , Pollock Bruce G. , Houck Patricia R. , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy sustain gains in health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL) achieved during short‐term treatment in older patients with depression.DESIGN: After open combined treatment with paroxetine and interpersonal psychotherapy, responders were randomly assigned to a two (paroxetine vs placebo) by two (monthly interpersonal psychotherapy vs clinical management) double‐blind, placebo‐controlled maintenance trial. HR‐QOL outcomes were assessed over 1 year.SETTING: University‐based clinic.PATIENTS: Of the referred sample of 363 persons aged 70 and older with major depression, 210 gave consent, and 195 started acute treatment; 116 met criteria for recovery, entered maintenance treatment, and were included in this analysis.INTERVENTIONS: Paroxetine; monthly manual‐based interpersonal psychotherapy.MEASUREMENTS: Overall HR‐QOL as measured using the Quality of Well‐Being Scale (QWB) and six specific HR‐QOL domains derived from the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) subscales.RESULTS: All domains of HR‐QOL except physical functioning improved with successful acute and continuation treatment. After controlling for any effects of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy was superior to placebo in preserving overall well‐being (P=.04, effect size (r)=0.23), social functioning (P=.02, r=0.27), and role limitations due to emotional problems (P=.007, r=0.30). Interpersonal psychotherapy (controlling for the effects of pharmacotherapy) did not preserve HR‐QOL better than supportive clinical management.CONCLUSION: Maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy is superior to placebo in preserving improvements in overall well‐being achieved with treatment response in late‐life depression. No such benefit was seen with interpersonal psychotherapy.
Peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and collection efficacy is not an independent prognostic factor for autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wang Shirong , Nademanee Auayporn , Qian Dajun , Dagis Andrew , Park Hyun‐Soon , Fridey Joy , Smith Eileen , Snyder David , Somlo George , Stein Anthony , Rosenthal Joseph , Falk Peter , Kogut Neil , Palmer Joycelynne , Gaal Karl , Kim Young , Bhatia Ravi , Yuan Shan , Kay Candace , Weiss Lawrence , Forman Stephen 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: The successful mobilization and collection of hematopoietic stem cells are dependent on a number of clinical factors such as previous chemotherapy and disease stage. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether the effectiveness of mobilization and collection is an independent prognostic factor for autologous stem cell transplantation outcome.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 358 patients who received transplants from January 2003 to December 2004 (201 male and 157 female patients, ages from 2.7 to 77.3 years with median of 53 years of age) underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell collection after mobilization with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) or G‐CSF plus chemotherapy priming. This retrospective study included patients with diagnoses of acute myelogenous leukemia, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, and solid tumors. All patients underwent stem cell collection until a target or a minimum CD34+ cell dose was reached. Correlations were performed between stem cell mobilization and/or collection efficacy and transplantation outcomes.RESULTS: In general, both larger reinfused CD34+ cell dose and shorter number of days for the stem cell count to reach the minimum of 2 × 106 per kg CD34+ cells do not foster quicker engraftment. Reinfused CD34+ cell dose of less than 12 × 106 and number of days stem cell collection to reach this minimum CD34+ cell dose did not independently affect the overall survival (OS) or disease‐free survival (DFS).CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and collection as defined as number of days to reach a CD34+ cell dose of 2 × 106 per kg should not be used independently to forecast posttransplantation prognosis, engraftment, DFS, and OS.
Dismantling applied tension: mechanisms of a treatment to reduce blood donation–related symptoms
Authors: Ditto Blaine , France Christopher R. , Albert Michael , Byrne Nelson 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: Blood donation–related symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and fainting are unpleasant for the donor and a significant disincentive for repeat donation. The muscle tensing technique of applied tension (AT) reduced symptoms in several studies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial of different components of AT. A total of 1209 donors were randomly assigned to one of six conditions involving tension of different muscle groups or donation as usual. Dependent measures included a symptom questionnaire and whether or not the donor's chair was reclined to treat a reaction.RESULTS: Replicating previous findings, donors who practiced the “full” AT procedure reported significantly fewer symptoms, were less likely to require chair reclining, and rated their chances of giving blood again as greater than those in the donation‐as‐usual group. Of the component groups, donors who tensed only their lower body were most similar to the full‐AT group. Upper‐body tension in and of itself did not reduce symptoms though another condition involving upper body tension, which directed attention away from the arm with the needle in it had several significant effects.CONCLUSION: The positive effects of AT on blood donation outcome appear to be mediated primarily by lower‐body tension though distraction also probably contributes to its impact.
Chemical treatment of anti‐D results in improved efficacy for the inhibition of Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis
Authors: Foo Alison H. , Ramkumar Stephanie , Helke Simone , Branch Donald R. 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether treatment of immunoglobulins anti‐D or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) with chemicals previously shown to inhibit phagocytosis could result in an enhancement of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) blockade in vitro. If successful, this approach may provide the possibility of targeting these chemicals to monocyte‐macrophages for increased efficacy of immunoglobulin‐based therapies in vivo.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: For proof‐of‐concept, the chemical thimerosal, a prototype FcγR inhibitor, was combined with RhIG or IVIG. Residual chemical was removed by extensive dialysis. With a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) and a concentration of immunoglobulin alone that results in 50 percent inhibition of MMA phagocytosis of antibody‐coated red blood cells, the effect of thimerosal treatment on the ability of the immunoglobulin to show a significant enhancement of efficacy was determined.RESULTS: It is shown that combining thimerosal with anti‐D, either slide and rapid tube or commercially available (WinRho SDF, Cangene), results in a highly significant increase in efficacy over anti‐D alone to inhibit phagocytosis in vitro. This effect was not due to residual unbound compound or to cellular toxicity of the chemically treated immunoglobulins. Treatment of IVIG with thimerosal had no significant effect on its ability to inhibit in vitro phagocytosis.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that it is possible to modify an immunoglobulin by chemical treatment such that the treated immunoglobulin demonstrates significantly enhanced ability to inhibit FcγR‐mediated phagocytosis. It is also demonstrated that IVIG and anti‐D appear to respond differently after chemical treatment. Further examination of this strategy is warranted and has the potential to reduce the dose, cost, and possibly, adverse effects of immunoglobulin‐based therapies.
Navigation by Parallax in Three‐Dimensional Space During Fluoroscopy: Application in Guide Wire‐Directed Axillary/Subclavian Vein Puncture
Authors: LAU ERNEST W. 
Published: August 2007

Background:

Fluoroscopy is range ambiguous—the relative positions in three‐dimensional space of two structures with superimposed silhouettes cannot be ascertained. The parallax effect can be used to overcome this problem, and was used to develop a technique of axillary/subclavian vein puncture.
Method:

Patients requiring axillary/subclavian vein puncture were considered for the new technique. The vein was marked by a guide wire placed inside. In the postero‐anterior (P‐A) caudal projection, the needle was advanced dorsally from medial to the coracoid process at an arbitrary angle until its tip overlay the guide wire over the first intercostal space. Depending on whether the needle tip appeared caudad or cephalad of the guide wire in the P‐A projection, the needle was advanced farther into or withdrawn back from the body, with its tip maintained over the guide wire in the P‐A caudal projection at all times. Maneuvering of the needle stopped when the needle tip overlay the guide wire in both the P‐A caudal and P‐A projections or blood was aspirated.
Result:

Forty‐one separate successful punctures were performed in 20 patients. No complications were recorded. Each puncture took no more than 1 minute, and the image intensifier needed to swing between the P‐A caudal and the P‐A projections only twice.
Conclusions:

The new technique was effective, efficient, and safe when implemented in clinical practice, justifying the parallax principles on which it is based. The parallax principles may be applied to other invasive medical procedures with due modifications.
Effect of End‐Stage Renal Failure and Hemodialysis on Mortality Rates in Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Recipients
Authors: HREYBE HAITHAM , RAZAK EATHAR , SABA SAMIR 
Published: August 2007

Background: Most defibrillator (ICD) trials have excluded patients on hemodialysis (HD). It is therefore not known whether the ICD, when indicated, confers the same mortality benefit to HD and non‐HD patients.
Method: HD patients implanted with an ICD from July 2001 to June 2004 were matched by age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and class of heart failure to non‐HD ICD recipients.
Results: Forty‐six (16 on HD) patients (age = 65 ± 15 yrs, LVEF = 30 ± 14%, 44% in class III‐IV HF) were followed for a mean of 30 ± 16 months (range, 4–61 months) after ICD implantation. During this period, 12/16 HD versus 9/30 non‐HD patients died (P = 0.006). The two‐year mortality rates were 54% and 29% in the HD and non‐HD groups, respectively (P = 0.01). After correcting for age, gender, race, LVEF, class of HF, and ICD indication (primary vs. secondary prevention) in a Cox regression model, HD remained a significant predictor of the time to death (HR = 2.9, adjusted P = 0.023).
Conclusion: Despite having an ICD, HD patients have approximately a three‐fold increase in total mortality and may therefore not extract the same survival benefits from the ICD as their non‐HD counterparts. If duplicated in larger randomized trials, these results may demonstrate the futility of implanting defibrillators in HD patients.