bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masquage et effet de répétition du mot : sa nature et sa localisation fonctionnelle
Authors: Segui Juan , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: November 2007

Summary : The word repetition effect in masked priming.
The use of a masked priming procedure allowed us to limit the intervention of episodic memory in the study of the word repetition effect.
Two experiments are presented in this article. In Experiment I the repetition effect was estimated relative to a control condition where the prime was an unrelated word. In Experiment 2 the repetition effect was estimated relative to a neutral condition in which the prime was a sequence of lower case Xs. Results show a clear and analogous repetition effect in these two experiments. The amplitude of the repetition effect was comparable for low and medium frequency words.
These results suggest that the repetition effect is a facilitatory effect resulting from an acceleration of the processes involved in lexical access.
Key-words : word recognition, repetition effect, masking.
Expertise et stratégies dans le résumé de textes argumentatifs
Authors: Coirier Pierre , Passerault Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Expertise and strategies in summarizing an argumentative text.
Two groups of subjects, expert in either literary or documentary text-processing, were asked to summarize an argumentative text. Analysis of the textual units (idea units) contained in the protocols showed that :
1) The two groups paid equal attention to the macrostructure, i.e. in both cases the structurally important units were more frequently preserved.
2) Nevertheless, noticeable interpretative tendencies were observed. A correspondences factorial analysis (AFC) was applied to the matrix : « subjects X units preserved or not » ; The first axis observed distinguished two types of summary, one based mainly on the description of facts, the oiher on their evaluation. The same analysis allowed 13 out of the 15 documentary-subjects to be assigned to the factual summary-type, and 25 out of the 38 literary-subjects to the evaluating summary-type. These results were discussed with respect to three questions : the compatibility between macrostructural and interpretative processing, the specificity of the argumentative type of text, and the distinction between situation model and textbase representation.
Key-words : argumentative text, summary, strategies, interpretation.
L'expression vocale des émotions : approche interculturelle et développementale
Authors: Guidetti Michèle 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Vocal expression of emotions : A crosscultural and developmental approach.
The vocal expression of emotions, an unexplored field of research, is studied here in a double approach : crosscultural and developmental. The vocal emotion recognition test (Scherer and Wallbott, 1989) mode up of 30 items depicting the emotions fear, anger, joy, sadness as well as utterances considered to be neutral, has been applied to 50 french adults comparatively to a group of german adults on which the test was first validated. This procedure was then adapted to a population of children. Three groups of children and teenagers aged 7, 11 and 15 years were tested. For the adults, the results do not show any major difference between the two cultural groups studied. A developmental evolution appears between 7 and 15 years in the recognition of the vocal stimuli. In the 15 years group, the results are quite similar to those obtained by adults.
Key-words : vocal expression of emotion, non verbal communication, test.
Effet des connecteurs sur le traitement en temps réel de propositions exprimant des relations de cause/effet
Authors: Ziti Abdenbi , Champagnol Raymond 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Effect of connectives on on-line processing of propositions expressing cause-effect relations.
The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of four connectives on the representation and thematic integration of propositions expressing cause-effect relations : cause-expected effect (because and since) and cause-unexpected effect (although and albeit).
Two experiments were carried out. Different measures were made on reading limes for initial clause (RTIC), recognition times for a word exlracted from this clause (RTW) (Experiment 1) or meaning judgment times (MJT) (Experiment 2) and reading times for the final clause (RTFC). 48 students participated in the experiments, 24 in each of thon.
RTIPs are shorter when connectives express an expected causal link (because and since). RTW s are shorter and MJT are longer with concessive connectives (although and albeil). Initial clause processing depends on the exploitation by the connective of the dependence of the propositional content. RTFCs seem to depend more on the illocutionary force of connectives than on their semantic function : faster processing with « since » and « although » than with « because » and « albeit ».
Key-words : connective, cause, effect, semantic, illocutionary.
Existe-t-il une ou plusieurs mémoires permanentes ?
Authors: Nicolas Serge 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Les dissociations observées entre la mémoire implicite et la mémoire explicite ont attiré l'attention de nombreux théoriciens. Le problème de fond est de savoir si de telles dissociations permettent de postuler des systèmes indépendants de mémoire ou si elles ne sont que la conséquence de processus différents opérant à l'intérieur d'un système unitaire. Cet article est consacré à la présentation et à l'évaluation critique des diverses théories qui prétendent rendre compte des relations entre les performances aux tests de mémoire implicite et explicite. Si nous avons favorisé une conception fonctionnelle unitaire de la mémoire centrée sur le principe du traitement approprié au transfert, contrairement à Roediger et à ses collègues, cependant, nous n'avons pas adopté la distinction entre « traitements dirigés par les concepts » et traitements dirigés par les données ». Nous pensons qu'il serait préférable dans l'avenir de spécifier les types de traitements requis pour une tâche donnée afin de pouvoir rendre compte des relations entre la mémoire implicite et la mémoire explicite.
Mots clés : mémoire implicite, mémoire explicite, théories de la mémoire, effets d'amorçage.
Grandeurs et illusions de l'approche fonctionnelle
Authors: Larivée Serge 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Splendours and illusions of the functionalist approach.
The author's critique of : Le cheminement des découvertes de l'enfant (Inhelder and Cellerier, Eds., 1992) follows two complementary perspectives. Firstly the author raises concerns about the theoretical and methodo-logical aspects of the first chapters. He argues that despite similarities between the proposed model and other recent models, research has been carried out whithout considering the influence of these other models. Consequences of this isolation are discussed. The author acknowledges the coherence between the methodological approach and the theoretical model. Although the author recognizes the necessity of exploratory research, he points out that twenty years of investigation in that domain should have led to experimental research. Finally, researchers have favored the consensus approach which, when coding observational data, requires less strict criteria to ensure the validity and reliability of data. Secondly, the author comments on the possible applications of this research data for educators and teachers. This book is likely to inspire those interested in setting up activities for the promotion of children's cognitive abilities. In sum, this book represents a major contribution to the domain of cognitive development and should interest all those concerned by the microgenetic development of cognition.
Key-words : microgenesis, cognitive development, cognitive strategies, functionalist approach.
L'amélioration de la structure des actions dans la représentation gestuelle au cours de l'enfance
Authors: Bermejo Berros J. 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Improvement in the representation of gestural imagery of actions.
This article completes the model about the gestural imagery of actions presented previously (Bermejo Berros, 1993). It describes the essential characteristics of the representational structure functioning in this kind figurative activity.
In this experiment, the subjets (320 children between 4 and 12 years old) received (according to different intervention levels) a feedback of the gestural imagery of every evoked action and they were asked to repeat these actions several times.
The results show an improvement of First Gestural Imagery. These improvements go always in the same way: to reproduce the different levels of the representational network (downwards). The improvement of responses are limited according to age. We have shown the structure/functioning of action schemata responsible for evocative actions. These results, in their turn, make it necessary to introduce the notion o/activation degree, in the characterization ofthe action schemata, just as proposed here.
Key words: gestural imagery, representational network, structural nucleus, schemata.
Evaluation du rôle de l'information phonologique dans l'identification des mots écrits
Authors: Ferrand Ludovic 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Cet article présente une synthèse des données expérimentales concernant le rôle de l'information phonologique dans le domaine de l'identification des mots écrits. Les trois positions théoriques classiques, à savoir la théorie de l'Accès direct, de la Médiation phonologique, et des Deux Routes servent de point de départ. Ensuite sont présentées les données de la littérature en faveur du rôle de l'information phonologique mais aussi en faveur du rôle de l'information orthographique concernant l'identification de mots isolés ou en contexte. Il est enfin présenté un modèle à Activation interactive se démarquant des trois théories présentées et prenant en compte à la fois le rôle de l'information orthographique et le rôle de l'information phonologique dans l'identification des mots écrits. De plus, nous examinons quelles sont les composantes essentielles de cette information phonologique.
Mots-clés : identification des mots écrits, phonologie et orthographie, modèles de l'accès au lexique.
Latéralisation hémisphérique et stratégies d'exploration dans des tâches de perception tactilo-kinesthésique
Authors: Lacreuse Agnès , Fagot Joël , Vauclair J. 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Exploratory strategies and lateralization in haptic perception.
This paper reports a novel approach to investigate exploratory strategies and hemispheric lateralization in haptic perception. The duration and spatial distribution of digital contacts on the stimulus were studied in four mono- or dihaptic tasks. In dihaptic conditions, the left hand touched a larger surface of the stimuli, and was better at recognition than the right hand. In monohaptic testing, a similar asymmetry was observed in strategies, although the two hands did not differ on their success rates. The use of a monohaptic tactile-tactile situation suggests that asymmetries were more likely to appear during the initial coding ofthe stimulus than during its recognition. Altogether, these experiments show that the analysis of exploratory strategies is more suited to demonstrate hemispheric asymmetries than the analysis of esponse times and success rates.
Key words : haptic perception, hemispheric specialization, hand movements.
Être grand comme quoi ? Comment l'enfant traite-t-il la dimension taille entre 6 et 11 ans ?
Authors: Desprels-Fraysse A. , Lecacheur Mireille 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Le caractère relatif de la taille gêne-t-il les enfants lorsqu'ils ont à faire des tris en fonction de cette propriété ? 96 enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans trient en 5, 2 ou 3 classes des boutons de cinq tailles différentes. On constate une nette évolution ontogénétique dans la capacité de tri et d'anticipation d'autres répartitions possibles. Cependant, les tris les plus précoces sont, paradoxalement, des dichotomies et trichotomies dans lesquelles le pareil, comme le différent, sont évalués en termes de degrés. La discussion porte sur le rôle organisateur du langage, de la perception et sur l'évolution conceptuelle qui témoigne d'une maîtrise progressive de la dimension «taille». Le changement développemental n'évolue pas d'une perception globale vers une perception analytique mais serait marqué par différents niveaux d'abstraction des propriétés d'objet.
Mots-clés : classification, développement, taille, acquisition de concepts.
L'apprentissage implicite : le cas des grammaires artificielles
Authors: Nicolas Serge 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Implicit learning: The case of artificial grammars.
This paper is an attempt to put the work of the past several decades on the problems of implicit learning and unconscious cognition in a diachronic perspective, through an illustration by the oldest and best known paradigm in the field, namely the «implicit learning of artificial grammars». In the first part, we expose Arthur Reber's pioneering work on artificial grammar learning since the I960's. According to this author, implicit learning is an inductive process whereby knowledge of a complex environment is acquired and used largely independently ofawareness ofeither the process of acquisition or the nature of that which has been learned. In the second part, we show that this interpretation has been the object of a controversy by numerous papers. We adopt the proposal that this phenomenon does not testify to the unconscious abstraction of the rules underlying the situation, as held by the prevalent, abstractionist interpretation. Indeed, performance improvement can be accounted for by a memory-based framework positing that subjects only learn specifie fragments of the material, which constitute the basic functional unit of knowledge in most learning conditions. In the third part, possible implications of this theory on the role of unconscious and conscious processes in adaptive behavior are discussed. Our proposai is that the processes engagea in implicit learning can be accounted for within the conceptual framework underlying implicit memory studies. The same processes may be underlying performance in the two types of implicit tasks.
Key words : implicit learning, implicit memory, artificial grammars, cognitive unconscious, theory of evolution.
Les erreurs d'accord sujet-verbe en production écrite
Authors: Hupet Michel , Schelstraete Marie-Anne , Demaeght N. , Fayol Michel 
Published: November 2007

Summary: Verb agreement errors in writing.
To account for subject-verb agreement errors which can be observed in sentences written by literate adults (e.g., The daughter of the neighbors come), the present study examined a two-step processing model. The first step consists of automatic activation ofa singular or plural verb form depending on whether the closest preverbal noun is singular or plural ; as the outcome of this first step, the verb agrees with the nearest noun, giving rise to what has been called «proximity concord» errors. A second step prevents the occurrence of erroneous subject-verb agreements that would be unavoidable if the writer had no control on the outcome of the first step. This second step consists of an editing-check process allowing the writer to carry out a pre-graphical editing of the agreement. Two experiments are reported in which subjects were asked to perform simultaneously two tasks : a) to transcribe a sentence that was orally presented and, b) to mentally add numbers that they heard during the transcription. The results of these experiments supported two predictions of the processing model of number agreement in writing : a) the editing-check step consumed cognitive resources ; the agreement errors were greatly increased by the temporary cognitive overload (as is the case in a double task paradigm) preventing the subjects from carrying out the control processes; b) the implementation of the editing-check stage depended on the prior detection of potential errors, which occurs, for example, when the preverbal item is not a semantically plausible subject ofthe verb.
Key words : number agreement, writing, memory load.
Effets de contexte sur le niveau de portée de la négation
Authors: Catelain A. , Caron Jean 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Ce travail est centré sur l'étude du traitement de la négation induite par le marqueur «ne... pas». Nous nous sommes inspirés de travaux linguistiques (Culioli, 1990; Fauconnier, 1983) et logiques (Grize, 1990) pour définir la négation comme une opération de décrochement du domaine sur lequel elle porte. Le niveau auquel se situe ce décrochement, dans les opérations constitutives de l'énoncé, peut nous permettre de rendre compte de diverses portées de la négation. Deux épreuves ont été mises en place :
• La première nous a permis, sur la base de temps de lecture, de distinguer une négation polémique, de niveau énonciatif, portant sur la prise en charge de la phrase, d'une négation descriptive, portant sur le contenu de cette phrase. Il semblerait également que l'on puisse distinguer une négation portant sur un élément de la phrase d'une négation portant sur la relation entre plusieurs éléments.
• La seconde expérience (reconnaissance de mots) confirme l'idée qu'une négation polémique, de niveau énonciatif, nécessiterait le décrochement de l'espace de discours en cours et la construction d'un nouvel espace.
Nous avons par ailleurs observé, dans ces expériences, que les variations de portée sont sensibles à des facteurs contextuels (anticipation par répétition d'informations ou contradiction entre ces informations), externes à la phrase.
Mots-clés : compréhension du langage, négation, portée, modèle topologique.
Intelligence et expérience : possible contribution d'une approche pathologique
Authors: Facon Bruno , Facon-Bollengier Thérèse 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Intelligence and experience : possible contribution of a pathological approach.
The influence of chronological age and family environment on the performance in crystallized intelligence markers was studied in a group of persons with mental retardation aged from 6 to 20 years. Twelve fluid and crystallized intelligence markers were administered. In order to identify underlying factors, principal components and common factors analyses were carried out. Because the tests were mainly fluid and crystallized ones, it was not surprising that the application of the Kaiser-Guttman criterion clearly indicated two factors to be extracted from the correlation matrix among raw scores. The first factor had high loadings on crystallized intelligence tests, whereas the second loaded principally fluid ones. Fluid intelligence level of each participant was then determined using the mean z scores in fluid markers, and stepwise regression analyses were performed to estimate the relative contribution of CA and family environment to the crystallized intelligence tests' variance. In these analyses, fluid intelligence level was systematically entered first in the equations to partial out at the outset its influence from those of CA and family environment. Results indicate that chronological age explains an important fraction of the crystallized intelligence markers variance (from 5 to 24 %), whereas the family environment influence appears much more modest (front 0 to 3 %). However, this result seems to be attributable to the characteristics of the family environment scale used in the present study and to the restricted range of family environments in the sample.
Key words : life experience, chronological age, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, family environment, factorial theories of intelligence.
Techniques d'évaluation de la métacognition. I Les mesures indépendantes de l'exécution de tâches. II Les mesures dépendantes de l'exécution de tâches
Authors: Mariné Claudette , Huet Nathalie 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Assessment of metacognition. II - Concurrent measures.
In this paper, dependent measures in metacognitive assessment are reviewed. These measures aim to study metacognitive processes involved in task execution. They are characterized by data collected concurrently with the measurement of cognitive activity. Measures used in order to assess monitoring are distinguished from those used to assess control processes. In conclusion, the importance of using both concurrent and independent measures to analyze the conditions of metacognitive knowledge use is highlighted.
Key words : metacognition, concurrent measures, monitoring, control.
Aspects textuels du fonctionnement et du développement des connecteurs : approche en production
Authors: Favart M. , Passerault Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Functionality and development of connectives in text : a production approach
A categorization of the main connectives is presented. Then, both semantic and procedural functions of these connectives are investigated in a textual perspective, according to planning processes involved in text composition. In this context, developmental research on the use of connectives is reviewed. This review distinguishes between oral and written discourse, and compares mastery ofthe use of connectives in different types oftexts.
Key words : connectives, textual planning, language acquisition, types of text.
La perception visuelle des orientations et« l'effet de l'oblique »
Authors: Gentaz Edouard , Ballaz C. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
Ce travail présente une synthèse des principaux résultats sur la perception visuelle anisotropique des orientations. Nous percevons systématiquement avec une plus grande précision les stimulus dont l'orientation est verticale ou horizontale que ceux dont l'orientation est oblique. Ce phénomène est appelé « l'effet de l'oblique ». Si son existence ne fait aucun doute, le débat reste entier sur son soubassement fonctionnel. La littérature est structurée par la question du niveau anatomo-fonctionnel du système visuel où agissent les processus responsables de l'effet de l'oblique visuel. Un premier ensemble de recherches montre que ces processus se situent à un bas niveau de traitement alors qu'un deuxième ensemble de recherches montrent, avec les arguments opposés, que ces processus se situent à un haut niveau de traitement. L'analyse des résultats contradictoires suggère que le niveau de traitement des processus responsables de l'effet de l'oblique visuel est déterminé (en grande partie) par les caractéristiques de la tâche proposée.
Mots-clés : orientation, effet de l'oblique, perception visuelle.