bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal and Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of Open‐Cell Metal Sponges — Experimental Analysis and Homogenization Modeling
Authors: Krupp U. , Ohrndorf A. , Guillén T. , Christ H.‐J. , Demiray S. , Becker W. , Hohe J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present paper summarizes interdisciplinary experimental and theoretical research on the mechanical behavior of open‐cell AlSi7Mg and α brass sponges, particularly focusing on the fatigue behavior under isothermal test conditions and under periodically fluctuating temperature (thermomechanical fatigue TMF), the latter carried out in a self‐designed temperature chamber. Monotonic tensile and compression tests were performed on these metal sponges, taking into account variation in the homogeneity and difference in the ductility of the cell strut material (AlSi7Mg and α brass). Modeling of the deformation behavior was carried out by means of a strain‐energy‐based homogenization approach on the basis of the open‐cell 3D‐Kelvin foam. This approach reveals the strong anisotropy during large deformations and was shown to describe the monotonic as well as the cyclic deformation behavior of the studied open‐cell materials in a good qualitative agreement.
Cell Structure Control of Porous Titanium Composite Synthesized by Combustion Reaction
Authors: Kobashi M. , Kuze K. , Kanetake N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPorous titanium matrix composites were fabricated by a reaction between titanium powder and boron carbide (B4C) powder. Precursors were made by compacting the elemental powder blend, and heated in an induction furnace to induce the reaction. The reaction was strongly exothermic and, therefore, it was a combustion mode when Ti/B4C blending ratio of the precursor was appropriate. The reaction products were titanium boride (TiB or TiB2) and titanium carbide (TiC). By controlling the Ti/B4C blending ratio, it was possible to control the volume fraction of reaction products in the titanium matrix. The combustion synthesized material was porous and its cell structure was strongly affected by the processing condition of the precursor (porosity of the precursor and Ti/B4C blending ratio). The open cell structure was made from precursors with low Ti/B4C and high porosity. The cell size was varied from several tens of microns to about 500 microns by changing the combustion temperature.
Templated Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymers: Top‐Down Helps Bottom‐Up
Authors: Cheng J. Y. , Ross C. A. , Smith H. I. , Thomas E. L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOne of the key challenges in nanotechnology is to control a self‐assembling system to create a specific structure. Self‐organizing block copolymers offer a rich variety of periodic nanoscale patterns, and researchers have succeeded in finding conditions that lead to very long range order of the domains. However, the array of microdomains typically still contains some uncontrolled defects and lacks global registration and orientation. Recent efforts in templated self‐assembly of block copolymers have demonstrated a promising route to control bottom‐up self‐organization processes through top‐down lithographic templates. The orientation and placement of block‐copolymer domains can be directed by topographically or chemically patterned templates. This templated self‐assembly method provides a path towards the rational design of hierarchical device structures with periodic features that cover several length scales.
Inside Front Cover: A Combinatorial Library of Photocrosslinkable and Degradable Materials (Adv. Mater. 19/2006)
Authors: Anderson D. G. , Tweedie C. A. , Hossain N. , Navarro S. M. , Brey D. M. , Van Vliet K. J. , Langer R. , Burdick J. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe first combinatorial library of degradable photocrosslinked materials is reported on p. 2614 by Anderson, Burdick, and co‐workers. The inside cover shows a three‐dimensional representation of the generic macromer, superimposed onto a microarray of materials. It is believed that this library approach will allow for the rapid screening and design of degradable polymers for a variety of applications.
Mixing times in a turbulent stirred tank by means of LES
Authors: Hartmann H. , Derksen J. J. , van den Akker H. E. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn turbulent liquid mixing, the performance of a stirred tank is usually expressed as the time it takes to homogenize a passive scalar concentration starting from a segregated state. Numerical prediction of mixing times requires solving the flow field and the associated passive scalar. A novel numerical approach is presented to passive scalar mixing in an agitated tank. In addition to a large‐eddy simulation based on lattice‐Boltzmann discretization of the Navier‐Stokes equations, the convection‐diffusion equation governing passive scalar transport has been solved by finite volume discretization. Numerical diffusion has been effectively eliminated by applying a TVD scheme. With this hybrid approach we study mixing in a Rushton turbine stirred vessel at Re = 24,000. The simulations were designed such that their results can be critically assessed with experimental data. The simulations are in (at least) qualitative agreement with the experiments, and allow for assessment of how mixing times defined in various ways relate. Also the role of the impeller size has been investigated. The numerical method needs improvement in the sense that it is not exactly mass conservative, which likely is due to the fixed‐grid approach in combination with a non‐fixed (revolving) impeller. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Mobile phone base station‐emitted radiation does not induce phosphorylation of Hsp27
Authors: Hirose H. , Sakuma N. , Kaji N. , Nakayama K. , Inoue K. , Sekijima M. , Nojima T. , Miyakoshi J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn in vitro study focusing on the effects of low‐level radiofrequency (RF) fields from mobile radio base stations employing the International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT‐2000) cellular system was conducted to test the hypothesis that modulated RF fields act to induce phosphorylation and overexpression of heat shock protein hsp27. First, we evaluated the responses of human cells to microwave exposure at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 80 mW/kg, which corresponds to the limit of the average whole‐body SAR for general public exposure defined as a basic restriction in the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. Second, we investigated whether continuous wave (CW) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W‐CDMA) modulated signal RF fields at 2.1425 GHz induced activation or gene expression of hsp27 and other heat shock proteins (hsps). Human glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to W‐CDMA radiation at SARs of 80 and 800 mW/kg for 2–48 h, and CW radiation at 80 mW/kg for 24 h. Human IMR‐90 fibroblasts from fetal lungs were exposed to W‐CDMA at 80 and 800 mW/kg for 2 or 28 h, and CW at 80 mW/kg for 28 h. Under the RF field exposure conditions described above, no significant differences in the expression levels of phosphorylated hsp27 at serine 82 (hsp27[pS82]) were observed between the test groups exposed to W‐CDMA or CW signal and the sham‐exposed negative controls, as evaluated immediately after the exposure periods by bead‐based multiplex assays. Moreover, no noticeable differences in the gene expression of hsps were observed between the test groups and the negative controls by DNA Chip analysis. Our results confirm that exposure to low‐level RF field up to 800 mW/kg does not induce phosphorylation of hsp27 or expression of hsp gene family. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Affective response to 5 µT ELF magnetic field‐induced physiological changes
Authors: Stevens Paul 
Published: September 2006

AbstractResearch into effects of weak magnetic fields (MFs) at biologically relevant frequencies has produced ambiguous results. Although they do affect human physiology and behaviour, the direction of effects is inconsistent, with a range of complex and unrelated behaviours being susceptible. A possible explanation is that these effects, rather than being directly caused, are instead related to changes in affective state. A previous study showed that MFs altered the affective content of concurrent perceptions, but it was unclear whether the emotional response was direct or indirect. Here it is shown that exposure to a 0–5 µT MF (DC‐offset sinudsoidal wave form) within EEG α‐band frequencies (8–12 Hz), results in a reported change in emotional state. This relates to a decrease global field power but lacks the frontal α‐asymmetry that would physiologically indicate a directly induced emotional state, suggesting that participant experiences are due to an interpretation of the effects of MF exposure. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Support of modeling in process‐engineering education
Authors: van der Schaaf Hylke , Tramper Johannes , Vermuë Marian , Hartog Rob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn objective of the Process Technology curriculum at Wageningen University is to teach students a stepwise modeling approach in the context of process engineering. Many process‐engineering students have difficulty with learning to design a model. Some common problems are lack of structure in the design activity, “getting lost” in the abundance of available mathematical equations that describe similar processes in different situations and problems with correctly typing the equations into the modeling software. To reduce these problems there is a need for a set of educational tools to support students when learning how to design models. This paper describes a set of tools that can easily be integrated within a web‐based learning‐management system. The tool set is based on a 5‐step modeling approach. The design and use of two tools of the set are described in detail: ModelComposer and ModelRunner. ModelComposer supports the student when composing a mathematical model. ModelRunner lets the user execute experiments with the model. The tools were used in a case study to get student and teacher feedback. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 161–168, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20074
Achieving the baccalaureate through the community college
Authors: Floyd Deborah L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter examines community college baccalaureate programs and the controversy surrounding these programs. It also looks at models for the delivery of these baccalau‐reates, emphasizing their curricular focus in states and colleges across the nation. The chapter concludes with questions that should guide decision makers in enhancing student access and bachelor's degree completion.
Ba5(Al/Ga)5(Sn/Pb): New Compounds at the Zintl Border.
Authors: Guttsche Kristin , Rosin Angela , Wendorff Marco , Roehr Caroline 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal and Magnetic Structures of Laves Phase Compound NdCo2 in the Temperature Range Between 9 and 300 K.
Authors: Xiao Y. G. , Huang Q. , Ouyang Z. W. , Lynn J. W. , Liang J. K. , Rao G. H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Pt—Ru Solid Compounds as Precursors of Anodic Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell.
Authors: Wang Z. B. , Yin G. P. , Shi P. F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expedient Synthesis of Chiral 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Diamines: Protecting Group Dependent Regioselectivity in Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions.
Authors: Chowdari Naidu S. , Ahmad Moballigh , Albertshofer Klaus , Tanaka Fujie , Barbas Carlos F. III 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Utility of 1‐Chloro‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalene‐2‐carboxaldehyde in the Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles with Pharmaceutical Interest.
Authors: Bondock Samir , Khalifa Wesam , Fadda Ahmed A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of Sulfides with N‐Bromosuccinimide in the Presence of Hydrated Silica Gel.
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hashmat , Hartman Melanie , Lamp Kimberly , Schmitz Chad , Wencewicz Tim 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed aza‐Michael Addition of Aliphatic Amines to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Nitriles in Water.
Authors: Varala Ravi , Sreelatha Nuvula , Adapa Srinivas R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sequential Knoevenagel Reaction/Mislow—Evans Rearrangement Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Amine Grafted on Silica in Water, Leading to γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Nitrile.
Authors: Hagiwara Hisahiro , Isobe Kohei , Numamae Ayuko , Hoshi Takashi , Suzuki Toshio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chloride Based Ionic Liquids as Promoting Agents for Meerwein Reaction in Solventless Conditions.
Authors: Mastrorilli Piero , Nobile Cosimo F. , Taccardi Nicola 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cerium(IV)‐Promoted Ethylation of Schiff Bases by Triethylaluminum.
Authors: Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry , Schumann Herbert , Blum Jochanan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Samarium Dienolate Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐1,3‐Diol Monoesters via Aldol‐Tishchenko Reaction.
Authors: Reutrakul Vichai , Jaratjaroonphong Jaray , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Kuhakarn Chutima , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Prabpai Samran , Pohmakotr Manat 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Prochiral Ketones Catalyzed by C3‐Symmetric Tripodal β‐Hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Fang Tao , Xu Jiaxi , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones at Room Temperature Using H2O2 and a Mo(VI) Salt as Catalyst.
Authors: Jeyakumar Kandasamy , Chand Dillip Kumar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Reactivity of trans‐2‐Aryl‐3‐chloroazetidines.
Authors: Van Driessche Berten , Van Brabandt Willem , D'hooghe Matthias , Dejaegher Yves , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Study on the Method for Oligosaccharide Synthesis Covering the Structural Diversity of Sialic Acid — Aiming at the Understanding of the Polymorphous Functions at the Molecular Level
Authors: Ando Hiromune , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Derivatization and Isotope Labeling of Amphotericin B Aiming at Elucidation of the Ion‐Channel Structure
Authors: Matsumori Nobuaki , Oishi Tohru , Murata Michio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Studies on Cyclic Guanidine Natural Products for the Elucidation of Their Controlling Mechanism of Protein‐Protein Interaction
Authors: Nagasawa Kazuo , Shimokawa Jun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Herstellung vakuumtauglicher Zeolith‐Formkörper zur Verwendung in Sorptionsapparaten
Authors: Maier‐Laxhuber P. , Schmidt R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAusgehend von handelsüblichem Zeolithpulver wurde durch Zumischen geeigneter Beimengungen von Bindemitteln und Strukturmaterialien eine im Technikumsmaßstab reproduzierbare Darstellung von Zeolithformkörpern gefunden, die auch eine Langzeit‐Vakuumtauglichkeit aufweist. Die Formkörper besitzen geeignete Oberflächenstrukturen und Dampfkanäle, so dass sie in vielfältigen kommerziellen Wärmetauschergeometrien der Zeolith/Wasser‐Adsorptionstechnologie eingesetzt werden können. Mit solchen speziell entworfenen Formkörpern wird die Energieeffizienz dieser Geräte weiter optimiert, und die Herstellkosten werden minimiert. Bislang sind 200 Kühlgeräte mit den neu entwickelten Zeolithplatten bestückt worden und in mehreren Krankenhäusern im gewerblichen Dauereinsatz.
Playing the game: when group success is more important than downgrading deviants
Authors: Morton Thomas A. , Postmes Tom , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPartisan respondents evaluated a potential party leader (Study 1) or an ingroup political candidate (Study 2) who expressed normative or deviant opinions against a backdrop of public opinion that was either supportive of, or hostile toward, the ingroup's traditional beliefs (Study 1) or the normative ingroup position on a specific issue (Study 2). Across both studies, high identifiers gave stronger support to a normative candidate over a deviant candidate when public opinion was with the group, but not when public opinion was against the group. Under the latter conditions, high identifiers instead upgraded the deviant candidate. Additional analyses revealed this pattern of differential support for normative and deviant candidates among high identifiers appeared to be related to strategic considerations—specifically, the candidate's perceived chances of gaining public support and being elected. Among low identifiers, support for normative and deviant candidates was less affected by the broader context of public opinion, and was not related to such strategic considerations. These results demonstrate that responses to deviance depend on the broader context in which deviance occurs. Deviance can, at times, be a way through which groups achieve important goals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated Microanalytical System for Simultaneous Voltammetric Measurements of Free Metal Ion Concentrations in Natural Waters
Authors: Noël Stéphane , Tercier‐Waeber Mary‐Lou , Lin Lin , Buffle Jacques , Guenat Olivier , Koudelka‐Hep Milena 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA complexing gel integrated microelectrode (CGIME) for direct measurements of free metal ion concentrations in natural waters has been developed. It is prepared by the successive deposition of microlayers of a chelating resin, an antifouling agarose gel and Hg on a 100‐interconnected Ir‐based microelectrode array. The trace metals of interest are in a first step accumulated on the chelating resin in proportion to their free ion concentration in solution, then released in acidic solution and detected simultaneously by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The reliability of this sensor for the simultaneous measurement of copper, lead and cadmium has been studied by a series of replicate laboratory tests. The proportionality between the voltammetric peak current intensity and the free metal ion concentrations in solution has been demonstrated by using malonate as a model ligand. Finally, the CGIME sensor was applied to the Cu and Pb free concentration measurement in sea water samples and the results compared to the free metal ion concentrations measured using hollow fiber based permeation liquid membrane (HF‐PLM) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer (ICP‐MS). Comparable concentration values were found for both metals with both techniques allowing to validate the CGIME measurements in complex media.
Fabrication of a Nanobiocomposite Film Containing Heme Proteins and Carbon Nanotubes on a Choline Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Direct Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Catalysis
Authors: Li Yongxin , Lin Xiangqin , Jiang Chunming 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA nanocomposite electrochemical sensing film is assembled on choline (Ch) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), which contains multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), Nafion cation exchanger, and myoglobin (Mb) or hemoglobin (Hb). The MWNTs provide a 3D porous and conductive network for the enzyme immobilization and Nafion acts as polymeric binder to give cast thin films. Both MWNTs and Nafion provide negative functionalities to bind to the positively charged redox proteins and to attach at the positively charged Ch modified layer, and drive the formation of homogeneous and stable nanocomposite film, the MWNT‐Nafion‐Mb. The nanocomposite film was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The Mb in the nanocomposite film showed a pair of well‐defined and nearly reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks at about −0.32 V vs. SCE at pH 7.0 solution for the heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. The immobilized heme proteins can display the features of peroxidase in electrocatalytic reductions of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and bromate.