bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory for spatial location and object‐place associations are differently processed by the hippocampal formation, parahippocampal areas TH/TF and perirhinal cortex
Authors: Bachevalier Jocelyne , Nemanic Sarah 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo clarify the specific contribution of the medial temporal lobe structures in spatial memory, we tested monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with sham operations and with lesions of either the hippocampal formation, areas TH/TF or perirhinal cortex on two versions of the visual‐paired comparison task, measuring Spatial Location, and Object‐in‐Place associations. In the Spatial Location version, the comparison was between two identical objects presented simultaneously in a familiar and a novel location. In the Object‐in‐Place version, the comparison was between an image consisting of five objects and another image showing the same five objects, but with the position of 2, 3, or 4 of the objects rearranged. Finally, a VPC‐Control task was given to animals with hippocampal and perirhinal lesions, in which the comparison was between an image consisting of five objects and another image showing four of the five familiar objects and a new one. Perirhinal lesions yielded no deficit in the Spatial Location task and a deficit in the Object‐in‐Place task associated with a deficit in the VPC‐control task, suggesting that this cortical area does not participate in spatial memory unless the stimuli have overlapping features. Areas TH/TF lesions produced a deficit in both Spatial Location and Object‐in‐Place tasks, whereas the hippocampal lesions resulted in a deficit of Object‐in‐Place associations only. The data showed that the hippocampal formation, areas TH/TF, and perirhinal cortex appear to contribute interactively to object and spatial memory processes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grid cell firing may arise from interference of theta frequency membrane potential oscillations in single neurons
Authors: Hasselmo Michael E. , Giocomo Lisa M. , Zilli Eric A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntracellular recording and computational modelling suggest that interactions of subthreshold membrane potential oscillation frequency in different dendritic branches of entorhinal cortex stellate cells could underlie the functional coding of continuous dimensions of space and time. Among other things, these interactions could underlie properties of grid cell field spacing. The relationship between experimental data on membrane potential oscillation frequency (f) and grid cell field spacing (G) indicates a constant scaling factor H = fG. This constant scaling factor between temporal oscillation frequency and spatial periodicity provides a starting constraint that is used to derive the model of Burgess et al. (Hippocampus, 2007). This model provides a consistent quantitative link between single cell physiological properties and properties of spiking units in awake behaving animals. Further properties and predictions of this model about single cell and network physiological properties are analyzed. In particular, the model makes quantitative predictions about the change in membrane potential, single cell oscillation frequency, and network oscillation frequency associated with speed of movement, about the independence of single cell properties from network theta rhythm oscillations, and about the effect of variations in initial oscillatory phase on the pattern of grid cell firing fields. These same mechanisms of subthreshold oscillations may play a more general role in memory function, by providing a method for learning arbitrary time intervals in memory sequences. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in mechanical properties of bone within the mandibular condyle with age
Authors: Huja Sarandeep S. , Rummel Andrew M. , Beck Frank M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare indentation modulus (IM) and hardness of condylar bone in young and adult dogs. In addition we desired to examine histologic sections for bone formation activity in the two groups. Mandibular condyles were obtained from adult (1‐ to 2‐year‐old) and young (∼5‐m old) dogs. Two sections/condyle were obtained and one was processed for histomorphometry and the other for mechanical analyses. Indents were made on moist condylar trabecular bone to a depth of 500 nm at a loading rate of 10 nm/s using a custom‐made hydration system to obtain IM and hardness. Histomorphometric analyses measured the bone volume/total volume (BV/TV%) and ratio of labeled to unlabeled bone within the condyle. Data were analyzed using a repeated‐measures factorial analysis of variance and Tukey–Kramer method. Overall, the IM of the adult condyles (10.0 ± 3.4 GPa, Mean ± SD) were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than in young dogs (5.6 ± 2.6 GPa). There was a greater bone mass in the young (60.2%) versus the adult condyles (42%). Also, significantly more labeled bone in the young (66.1%) condylar bone suggested higher bone forming activity than in adult condyles (27.5%). With age there is a change in mass and material properties in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyle in dogs. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The “pseudo‐craniovertebral articulation” in the deep‐sea fish Stomias boa (Teleostei: Stomiidae)
Authors: Schnell Nalani K. , Bernstein Peter , Maier Wolfgang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMany predatory deep‐sea fishes show highly specialized modifications of their feeding apparatus, e.g., elongate jaws studded with long daggerlike teeth, often combined with a very distensible stomach, to be capable of swallowing relatively large prey. These striking features can be observed in members of the marine teleost family Stomiidae. The present study gives a detailed morphological description of the mesopelagic predatory fish, Stomias boa, based on a combined approach of clearing and double staining, serial sections and dissection. In this genus, large pads made of dense connective tissue extend from the first enlarged neural arch to the ventral side of the chordal sheath, embracing the prominent exoccipitals and thus constituting a kind of double ball‐ and socket joint for the head. The notochordal occipito‐vertebral gap is enlarged, probably not by loss of vertebral centra as is proposed for other genera of the stomiid family, e.g., in Astronesthes or Photostomias. We conclude that this “pseudo‐craniovertebral articulation” serves as a functional substitute for the absent vertebrae and strengthens the flexible, anterior part of the vertebral column during extreme dorsal expansion of the gape during prey capture and swallowing. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep‐UV surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Dörfer Thomas , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe presented work demonstrates, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time the capability of an aluminium surface to act as an SERS‐active substrate for deep‐UV excitation wavelengths. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capability of thermodynamic calculation in the development of alloys for deposition of corrosion‐protection coatings via thermal spraying
Authors: Born M. , Korb J. , Rafaja D. , Dopita M. , Schülein R. W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe capability of thermodynamic calculations for the development of materials for corrosion protection of steels via thermal spraying is illustrated in several practical examples. Although the thermodynamic calculations are usually performed for the equilibrium state, they can yield important information even about fast chemical reactions that are far from the equilibrium conditions. The relevance and reliability of thermodynamic calculations can be improved significantly if their results are complemented by chemical and microstructural analyses. In this contribution, details on the melting and alloying processes in technically relevant nickel‐based alloys were obtained from the combination of the thermodynamic calculations, differential thermal analysis, local chemical analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy of characteristic X‐rays and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the results of the thermodynamic calculations performed on nickel‐based alloys clarified the role of individual chemical elements dissolved in the alloys for the corrosion resistance of the alloys and thus they contributed to the improvement of the chemical stability of these alloys during the chemical reaction with gaseous substances containing chlorine.
Zinc‐Aluminium‐Coatings as Corrosion Protection for Steel
Authors: Büteführ M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn analysis was made to investigate the influence of the alloying of sprayed coatings on the corrosion performance in climates of practical relevance and to evaluate the optimised alloy compositions. Furthermore, the mechanism of corrosion and coating formation was evaluated. The protective effect increased up to an aluminium content of 15 and 22 wt%, respectively, with corrosion rates below 1 µm per year.Electrochemical investigations found a distinctive decrease in the cathodic reaction together with an accumulation of aluminium in per cent and a depletion of zinc. Due to the increasing concentration of aluminium within the layer and the correlated presence of inhibitive corrosion products, the cathodic reaction and therefore the corrosion of the sprayed zinc‐aluminium coatings can be increasingly eliminated.
A Novel Strategy for the Preparation of Reactively Compatibilized Polymer Blends with Oligomers Containing α‐Methyl Styrene Units
Authors: Deng Jianping , Liang Shujun , Zhang Cairong , Yang Wantai 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA novel strategy to prepare reactively compatibilized polymer blends is reported. An oligomer that consists of AMS (α‐methyl styrene) and GMA (glycidyl methacrylate) is initially synthesized. When this oligomer is melt blended with poly(propylene) (PP), the GMA units in the oligomer are successfully grafted onto the PP chain, which is proven by measuring the FT‐IR spectrum of the blended PP. When the oligomer is added to a blend of PP/Ny66, an in‐situ compatibilization occurs, which leads to an increase in torque values during blending, a decrease in crystallinity degree of Ny66, and is observed by SEM images of the resulting blends. The compatibilizing effects of the oligomer are also observed in PP/Ny6 and polyethylene/Ny6 blends. A relevant compatibilization mechanism is proposed.magnified image
Live rats resulting from injection of oocytes with spermatozoa freeze‐dried and stored for one year
Authors: Hochi Shinichi , Watanabe Kaori , Kato Megumi , Hirabayashi Masumi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to examine whether rat spermatozoa after freeze‐drying and 1‐year storage can participate in full‐term development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Cauda epididymal spermatozoa from Crlj:Wistar rats were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2), first dried for 14 hr at 0.37 hPa and then for 3 hr at 0.001 hPa. The dried spermatozoa were stored for 1 year in a desiccator at +25°C, or in a refrigerator at +4°C, or in LN2 at −196°C. Controls consisted of sperm that had only been frozen and stored in LN2. After being stored, spermatozoa were sonicated to dissociate the sperm tail and were injected into oocytes from superovulated Slc:SD rats. The respective fertilization rates of oocytes injected with frozen sperm, or with freeze‐dried sperm stored at +25, +4, and −196°C were 79%, 75%, 70%, and 73%. However, the corresponding cleavage rates of injected oocytes were 63%, 1%, 38%, and 36%. After transfer of >80 zygotes of each group into recipients, the respective percentages of full‐term normal offspring resulting from frozen sperm or from freeze‐dried sperm stored at +25, +4, and −196°C were 36%, 0%, 7%, and 14%. These results demonstrate that the storage temperature significantly influenced the likelihood of term development of rats produced by injection of oocytes with freeze‐dried spermatozoa. Chromosomal analysis of the rat spermatozoa in the ICSI oocytes indicated that chromosomal aberration in freeze‐dried spermatozoa stored at +25°C (100%) occurred more frequently than in frozen control spermatozoa (41%) and freeze‐dried spermatozoa stored at −196°C (35%), and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in freeze‐dried spermatozoa stored at +4°C (65%) was the intermediate. In conclusion, rat spermatozoa freeze‐dried and stored at +4°C for 1 year are capable of participating in full‐term development after ICSI. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 890–894, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can a faked cystometry deceive patients in their perception of filling sensations? A study on the reliability of spontaneously reported cystometric filling sensations in patients with non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: De Wachter Stefan , Van Meel Tom David , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the reliability of spontaneously reported bladder sensations during real and faked cystometry in patients with non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.MethodsFifty‐nine patients with non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction were submitted to a real and faked filling cystometry and were asked to describe all bladder‐related sensations they experienced during the investigations. All patients were told that the bladder had to be filled twice, but during the faked cystometry, no water was infused in the bladder.ResultsDuring the real cystometry, the normal pattern of filling sensation was reported by 88%. During the faked cystometry, none of the patients reported the normal pattern of filling sensations. Five patients reported first sensation of filling, one first desire to void (FDV). None of the patients reported a strong desire to void (SDV) during the faked cystometry.ConclusionsAsking patients with a non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction to report on the bladder filling sensations during cystometry is a valid method for sensory evaluation. A minority of patients may report some sensation of bladder filling even without actual bladder filling. Memory and habituation may play a role in the perception of bladder sensation and one should be aware of this. However, reporting some sensation during faked cystometry not necessarily means the evaluation of the perception of bladder filling is unreliable. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:395–398, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene using novel heterocycle‐containing chain transfer agents
Authors: Babu Rajendran Prakash , Dhamodharan Raghavachari 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Controlled/‘living’ radical polymerization is a new and robust method to synthesize polymers with predetermined molecular weight, narrow polydispersity and tailored architecture. Several methods have been developed but reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) has several advantages over the other methods. It has been reported that the effectiveness of RAFT agents depends strongly on the nature of the Z and R groups.RESULTS: Three new dithiocarbamates, namely (2‐ethoxy carbonyl)‐prop‐2‐yl‐pyrrole‐1‐carbodithioate (CTA‐A), (1‐phenyl ethyl)‐pyrazole‐1‐carbodithioate (CTA‐B) and (2‐ethoxy carbonyl)‐prop‐2‐yl‐pyrazole‐1‐carbodithioate (CTA‐C), were synthesized for studying the effect of the Z and R group of a chain transfer agent on the RAFT polymerization of styrene, initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile. Well‐controlled molecular weight with narrow polydispersity (1.10–1.46) was achieved. The increase in molecular weight with conversion is linear and follows first‐order kinetics.CONCLUSION: The detailed kinetic results show that the structure of the activating (Z) group of dithiocarbamates has significant effects on the reactivity of dithiocarbamates towards the polymerization of styrene. In the homopolymerization of styrene it was found that, from the polydispersity index of polystyrenes obtained and the kinetic results, the pyrazole‐based dithiocarbamates (CTA‐B and CTA‐C) are very effective compared to the pyrrole‐based dithiocarbamate (CTA‐A). All the polymerizations show controlled living characters. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipid laden macrophage indices and reflux finding score in canine gastroesophageal reflux model
Authors: Nino Gustavo , Savchenko Oleg , Vastola Paul , Pagala Murali , Dhadwal Ajay K. , Vaynblat Mikhail , Marcus Michael , Kazachkov Mikhail 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLaryngeal exposure to acid and aspiration of gastric contents may lead to severe respiratory disorders. This study utilizes the canine model of Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) to identify whether lower esophageal dysfunction is associated with upper and lower airway pathology.Materials and MethodsFive mongrel dogs underwent GER‐creating surgery (partial cardiomyectomy). Laryngeal reflux finding score (RFS), lipid‐laden macrophage index (LLMI) and BAL fluid cell differential were obtained before and after surgery.ResultsPartial cardiomyectomy in dogs significantly increased the Reflux index (RI) from 0.38 ± 0.21% to 7.56 ± 2.89% (P = 0.048), the duration of the longest reflux episode (DLRE) from 1.22 ± 1.19 min to 66.2 ± 42.03 min postoperatively (P = 0.049) and the total number of episodes in 24 hr from 2.06 ± 1.03 to a postoperative value of 19.24 ± 4.79. There was no statistically significant change in values for RFS, LLMI, and BAL fluid cell differential after the induction of GER.ConclusionsAcid reflux to the proximal esophagus of this animal model did not cause laryngeal exposure to acid or aspiration of gastric content. The results of this study suggest that presence of GER, secondary to lower esophageal dysfunction is not necessarily associated with upper and lower airway pathology. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:1181–1186. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robotic radical hysterectomy in early‐stage cervical carcinoma patients, comparing results with total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy cases. The future is now?
Authors: Sert B. , Abeler V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection for early cervical carcinoma, comparing the results with those from conventional total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.MethodsType II and III radical hysterectomies were performed in 15 patients with early‐stage cervical carcinoma as a pilot case‐control study at a comprehensive cancer center–university teaching hospital setting. The adequacy of the operations was determined and documented in DVD/video.ResultsAll operations were performed according to a well‐established study protocol. No conversions or technical incidents were observed in the robotic group. Median operation time was 241 and 300 min in the robotic and conventional laparoscopic groups, respectively (p = 0.165). The histopathological results concerning the number of lymph nodes, the parametrial tissue and vaginal cuff size were similar in both groups. Less bleeding and a shorter hospital stay were observed in the robotic‐assisted group (p = 0.038 and p = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough the benefits of this technique have not yet been established in a prospective randomized manner, we showed the technical feasibility of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in early‐stage cervical carcinoma cases and better results than with traditional total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel minimal model to describe non-esterified fatty acid kinetics in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Boston Raymond C , Roche John R , Ward Glen M , Moate Peter J 
Published: October 2007

The dynamics of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism in lactating dairy cows requires quantification if we are to understand how dietary treatments and disease influence changes in body condition (adipose reserves) and the production of milk fat. We present here a novel compartmental model that employs the pattern of plasma glucose concentrations to predict the dynamic changes that occur in plasma NEFA concentrations during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in lactating dairy cows. The model was developed using data obtained from ten early-lactation, Holstein-Friesian cows given a standard IVGTT. The model described all of the major features of the NEFA response to an IVGTT; it was consistent with physiological processes and provided a number of parameters that can be used to quantify NEFA production and utilization. For all of the individual cows, all model parameters were well identified and usually had CV<10% of their estimated values. In the model, elevated plasma glucose concentrations cause an increase in the level of glucose in a remote compartment, which in turn suppresses the rate of entry of NEFA to the plasma compartment. The means (±sd) for the five adjustable parameters of the model were: rate of entry of NEFA to the plasma pool (SFFA) 183±71 [μmol l−1 min−1], rate of removal (oxidation, sequestration in adipose tissue and uptake by the mammary gland for milk production) of NEFA from the plasma pool (KFFA) 0·140±0·047 [min−1], a threshold parameter (gs) representing a plasma glucose concentration above which elevated levels of plasma glucose result in entry of glucose into a ‘remote’ or inaccessible glucose compartment, 3·30±0·52 [mmol/l], a rate constant (K) describing the movement of plasma glucose (above gs) into a remote compartment 0·063±0·033 [min−1] and a parameter Φ which is a Michaelis Menten type affinity constant which modulates the extent to which remote glucose inhibits the provision of NEFA to the plasma pool, 0·812±0·276 [mmol/l]. It is concluded that the model is suitable to describe NEFA kinetics in lactating dairy cows and it may have application in other species.
Anti-Trypanosoma cruzieffects of cyclosporin A derivatives: possible role of a P-glycoprotein and parasite cyclophilins
Authors: BÚA J. , FICHERA L. E. , FUCHS A. G. , POTENZA M. , DUBIN M. , WENGER R. O. , MORETTI G. , SCABONE C. M. , RUIZ A. M. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYCyclophilins are target molecules for cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive antimicrobial drug. We have previously reported thein vitroanti-Trypanosoma cruziactivity of H-7-94 and F-7-62 non-immunosuppressive CsA analogues. In this work, we continue the study of the parasiticidal effect of H-7-94 and F-7-62 CsA analoguesin vitroandin vivoand we analyse 3 new CsA derivatives: MeIle-4-CsA (NIM 811), MeVal-4-CsA (MeVal-4) and D-MeAla-3-EtVal-4-CsA, (EtVal-4). The most efficient anti-T. cruzieffect was observed with H-7-94, F-7-62 and MeVal-4 CsA analogues evidenced as inhibition of epimastigote proliferation, trypomastigote penetration, intracellular amastigote development andin vivo T. cruziinfection. This trypanocidal activity could be due to inhibition of the peptidyl prolylcis-transisomerase activity on theT. cruzirecombinant cyclophilins tested. Furthermore, CsA and F-7-62 derivative inhibited the efflux of rhodamine 123 fromT. cruziepimastigotes, suggesting an interference with a P-glycoprotein activity. Moreover, H-7-94 and F-7-62 CsA analogues were not toxic as shown by cell viability and by aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity on mammalian cells. Our results show that H-7-94, F-7-62 and MeVal-4 CsA analogues expressed the highest inhibiting effects onT. cruzi, being promissory parasiticidal drugs worthy of further studies.