bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Analytical-Numerical Modeling of Surface Geometry Evolution and Deposition Integrity in a Multi-Track Laser-Directed Energy Deposition Process
Authors: Vundru Chaitanya , Ghosh Gourhari , Singh Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Modeling multitrack laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) is different from single-track deposition. There is a temporal variation in the deposition geometry and integrity in a multitrack deposition, which is not well understood. This article employs an analytical model for power attenuation and powder catchment in the melt pool in conjunction with a robust fully coupled metallurgical-thermomechanical finite element (FE) model iteratively to simulate the multitrack deposition. The novel hybrid analytical–numerical approach incorporates the effect of preexisting tracks on melt pool formation, powder catchment, geometry evolution, dilution, residual stress, and defect generation. CPM 9V steel powder was deposited on the H13 tool steel substrate for validating the model. The deposition height is found to be a function of the track sequence but reaches a steady-state height after a finite number of tracks. The height variation determines the waviness of the deposited surface and, therefore, the effective layer height. The inter-track spacing (I) plays a vital role in steady-state height evolution. A larger value of I facilitates faster convergence to the steady-state height but increases the surface waviness. The FE model incorporates the effects of differential thermal contraction, volume dilation, and transformation-induced plasticity. It predicts the deposition geometry and integrity as a function of inter-track spacing and powder feed rate. The insufficient remelting of the substrate or the preceding track can induce defects. A method to predict and mitigate these defects has also been presented in this article.
The Size and Charge Effect of Pt Cluster on the Electrocatalytic Activity Toward the First Step of Dehydrogenation of Methanol
Authors: Tong Yong-Chun , Wang Qing-Yun , Hu Yu-Jie , Shi Zhi-Juan , Zhang Ke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The O–H/C–H scission of methanol on Pt clusters is a crucial step in direct methanol fuel cells applications. The first dehydrogenation process of methanol on Ptnq clusters (n = 5, 13, 19; q = 0, +1, −1) in various charge states is studied. Our findings indicate that methanol adsorbs more easily on cationic Ptn+ than on neutral Ptn or anionic Ptn−. However, the adsorption capacity of methanol on Ptnq gradually decreases with increasing cluster size, especially for CH3OH on Ptn+, which decreases significantly (from −57.61 kcal/mol to −16.41 kcal/mol). Compared with Ptn and Ptn+, the energy barrier of O–H/C–H bond cleavage is significantly reduced by injecting an electron into Ptn to form Ptn−, and the activity of the catalyst is improved. However, the energy barrier of O–H/C–H cleavage increases gradually with cluster size, leading to a decrease in catalytic activity. The effect of charge weakens as cluster size increases, and small clusters with injected electrons exhibit better catalytic activity.
Hybrid Semiconductor Wafer Inspection Framework via Autonomous Data Annotation
Authors: Han Changheon , Chun Heebum , Lee Jiho , Zhou Fengfeng , Yun Huitaek , Lee ChaBum , Jun Martin B.G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In smart manufacturing, semiconductors play an indispensable role in collecting, processing, and analyzing data, ultimately enabling more agile and productive operations. Given the foundational importance of wafers, the purity of a wafer is essential to maintain the integrity of the overall semiconductor fabrication. This study proposes a novel automated visual inspection (AVI) framework for scrutinizing semiconductor wafers from scratch, capable of identifying defective wafers and pinpointing the location of defects through autonomous data annotation. Initially, this proposed methodology leveraged a texture analysis method known as gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) that categorized wafer images—captured via a stroboscopic imaging system—into distinct scenarios for high- and low-resolution wafer images. GLCM approaches further allowed for a complete separation of low-resolution wafer images into defective and normal wafer images, as well as the extraction of defect images from defective low-resolution wafer images, which were used for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Consequently, the CNN model excelled in localizing defects on defective low-resolution wafer images, achieving an F1 score—the harmonic mean of precision and recall metrics—exceeding 90.1%. In high-resolution wafer images, a background subtraction technique represented defects as clusters of white points. The quantity of these white points determined the defectiveness and pinpointed locations of defects on high-resolution wafer images. Lastly, the CNN implementation further enhanced performance, robustness, and consistency irrespective of variations in the ratio of white point clusters. This technique demonstrated accuracy in localizing defects on high-resolution wafer images, yielding an F1 score greater than 99.3%.
Subsidence-induced early doming at a large ignimbrite caldera
Authors: Lipman Peter W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Uplift at many well-documented resurgent calderas started only after completion of the associated ignimbrite eruption, but arching of the large Bachelor caldera in the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado (USA), began during the eruption. A well-defined arched or domical structure, initiated within thickly accumulating ignimbrite as the caldera subsided, is documented by growth of keystone faults as the caldera filled, rheomorphism and local diapiric mobilization of early-erupted tuff, decreased dips in upper welding zones, and wedging of a late-erupted dacitic phase against flanks of the growing dome. Early subsidence-induced doming may have been triggered by preferential magma draw-down along ring-fault vents, relatively impermeable vesiculation and differential magma buoyancy centrally within the caldera, peripheral loading at caldera margins by landslides and talus from caldera walls, or some combination of factors. Early inception of caldera doming has implications for models of magma withdrawal and residual compositional gradients in non-erupted magma.
Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernández-García Silvia , del Campo-Albendea Laura , Sambamoorthi Dharshini , Sheikh Jameela , Lau Karen , Osei-Lah Nana , Ramkumar Anoushka , Naidu Harshitha , Stoney Nicole , Sundaram Paul , Sengupta Paulomi , Mehta Samay , Attarde Shruti , Maddock Sophie , Manning Millie , Meherally Zainita , Ansari Kehkashan , Lawson Heidi , Yap Magnus , Kew Tania , Punnoose Andriya , Knight Chloe , Sadeqa Eyna , Cherian Jiya , Ravi Sangamithra , Chen Wentin , Walker Kate , O’Donoghue Keelin , van Wely Madelon , van Leeuwen Elizabeth , Kostova Elena , Kunst Heinke , Khalil Asma , Brizuela Vanessa , Kara Edna , Kim Caron Rahn , Thorson Anna , Oladapo Olufemi T , Mofenson Lynne , Gottlieb Sami L , Bonet Mercedes , Moss Ngawai , Zamora Javier , Allotey John , Thangaratinam Shakila 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of COVID-19 vaccines in women before or during pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 infection-related, pregnancy, offspring and reactogenicity outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMajor databases between December 2019 and January 2023.Study selectionNine pairs of reviewers contributed to study selection. We included test-negative designs, comparative cohorts and randomised trials on effects of COVID-19 vaccines on infection-related and pregnancy outcomes. Non-comparative cohort studies reporting reactogenicity outcomes were also included.Quality assessment, data extraction and analysisTwo reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. We undertook random-effects meta-analysis and reported findings as HRs, risk ratios (RRs), ORs or rates with 95% CIs.ResultsSixty-seven studies (1 813 947 women) were included. Overall, in test-negative design studies, pregnant women fully vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine had 61% reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.75; 4 studies, 23 927 women; I2=87.2%) and 94% reduced odds of hospital admission (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.71; 2 studies, 868 women; I2=92%). In adjusted cohort studies, the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was reduced by 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.92; 2 studies; 115 085 women), while caesarean section was reduced by 9% (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98; 6 studies; 30 192 women). We observed an 8% reduction in the risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.97; 2 studies; 54 569 women) in babies born to vaccinated versus not vaccinated women. In general, vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy or perinatal outcomes. Pain at the injection site was the most common side effect reported (77%, 95% CI 52% to 94%; 11 studies; 27 195 women).ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related complications in pregnant women.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020178076.
Predictive value of admission D-dimer levels in patient with acute ischaemic stroke and COVID-19: a second-wave prospective cohort study
Authors: Rasyid Al , Harris Salim , Kurniawan Mohammad , Mesiano Taufik , Hidayat Rakhmad , Wiyarta Elvan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of admission D-dimer levels for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 and acute ischaemic stroke.DesignCohort (prospective).SettingTertiary referral hospital in the capital city of Indonesia conducted from June to December 2021.Participants60 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 were included. Patients were classified into D-dimer groups (low and high) according to a 2 110 ng/mL cut-off value, determined via receiver operating characteristic analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, with admission D-dimer levels as the major predictor. Secondary outcomes included associations between other demographic and clinical variables and the admission D-dimer value. Kaplan-Meier method was used to carry out survival analysis, with univariable and multivariable Cox regression performed to assess the association of D-dimer levels and other confounding variables (including demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters) with in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe findings demonstrated an association between elevated admission D-dimer levels (≥2 110 ng/mL) and an increased likelihood of death during hospitalisation. The adjusted HR was 14.054 (95% CI 1.710 to 115.519; p=0.014), demonstrating an increase in mortality risk after accounting for confounders such as age and diabetes history. Other significant predictors of mortality included a history of diabetes and increased white blood cell count.ConclusionsAdmission D-dimer levels may be a useful predictive indicator for the likelihood of death during hospitalisation in individuals with COVID-19 and acute ischaemic stroke.
Whole-course management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary healthcare: an internet of things-enabled prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Zhao Xingru , Kang Haonan , An Yunxia , Xu Zhiwei , Wei Meihui , Zhang Quncheng , Diao Linqi , Guo Zhiping , Zhang Xiaoju 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundDespite substantial progress in reducing the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), traditional methods to promote understanding and management of COPD are insufficient. We developed an innovative model based on the internet of things (IoT) for screening and management of COPD in primary healthcare (PHC).MethodsElectronic questionnaire and IoT-based spirometer were used to screen residents. We defined individuals with a questionnaire score of 16 or higher as high-risk population, COPD was diagnosed according to 2021 Global Initiative for COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria. High-risk individuals and COPD identified through the screening were included in the COPD PHC cohort study, which is a prospective, longitudinal observational study. We provide an overall description of the study’s design framework and baseline data of participants.ResultsBetween November 2021 and March 2023, 162 263 individuals aged over 18 from 18 cities in China were screened, of those 43 279 high-risk individuals and 6902 patients with COPD were enrolled in the cohort study. In the high-risk population, the proportion of smokers was higher than that in the screened population (57.6% vs 31.4%), the proportion of males was higher than females (71.1% vs 28.9%) and in people underweight than normal weight (57.1% vs 32.0%). The number of high-risk individuals increased with age, particularly after 50 years old (χ2=37 239.9, p<0.001). Female patients are more common exposed to household biofuels (χ2=72.684, p<0.05). The majority of patients have severe respiratory symptoms, indicated by a CAT score of ≥10 (85.8%) or an Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale score of ≥2 (65.5%).ConclusionStrategy based on IoT model help improve the detection rate of COPD in PHC. This cohort study has established a large clinical database that encompasses a wide range of demographic and relevant data of COPD and will provide invaluable resources for future research.
Externally validated nomogram for predicting short-term pregnancy outcome of singleton pregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR)
Authors: Yin Fufen , Jin Mingrui , Li Yujing , Li Yang , Yin Xiuju , Xie Junshu , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed at developing an available predictive model of singleton pregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR) for accurate and individualised prognosis assessment.MethodsThe prediction nomogram was developed by using multivariable Cox regression with data for 301 singleton FGR pregnancies at Peking University People’s Hospital. External validation was performed in 321 eligible singleton FGR pregnancies at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.ResultsAbsent umbilical arterial flow, fetal anomaly, history of abnormal pregnancy, non-cephalic presentation and history of caesarean section were independent prognostic factors for adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton FGR pregnancies in the training set. In the training cohort of the internal validation set, the nomogram estimated pregnancy prognosis of FGR singleton pregnancies based on these five variables, with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.859 (95% CI: 0.81 to 0.90) for predicting termination of pregnancy (TOP), which included intrauterine fetal death and therapeutic lethal induction, with a C-index of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.98) for predicting stillbirth, and a C-index of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83 to 0.92) for predicting therapeutic lethal induction with indications. Encouragingly, consistent results were observed in the external validation set, with a C-index of 0.776 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.84) for predicting TOP, which included intrauterine fetal death and therapeutic lethal induction, with a C-index of 0.773 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.84) for predicting stillbirth, and a C-index of 0.776 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.85) for predicting therapeutic lethal induction with indications. Furthermore, the calibrations of the nomograms predicting the 28th and 34th TOP-free gestation week strongly corresponded to the actual survival outcome.ConclusionThis prediction model may help clinicians in decision-making for singleton pregnancies with FGR, especially for patients with a single abnormal umbilical arterial flow or fetal anomaly, without induced labour indications for these abnormalities.
Dynamic change in red cell distribution width as a predictor for short-time mortality in dermatomyositis-associated rapid progressive interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Fang , Jin Qiwen , Zhang Yingfang , Wang Guochun , Li Guangtao , Shu Xiaoming 
Published: April 2024

AimWe aimed to explore a new and readily available practical marker for rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and poor short-term outcomes in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM).MethodsA total of 1822 consecutive patients with IIM between 2009 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. All proven cases of naïve ILD with complete medical records were included. Red cell distribution width (RDW) values at the initial stage, 3 months and last follow-up were collected. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients were recorded.ResultsWe identified 532 patients with IIM with an average follow-up of 4 years. ILD prevalence was higher in patients of elevated RDW (p<0.001). The patients with ILD and elevated RDW had lower levels of PaO2/FiO2, FVC% and DLco% and a higher prevalence of RP-ILD than those with normal RDW (p<0.001). Prognostic analysis revealed that RDW was an independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with IIM-ILD (HR=2.9, p=0.03). Patients with dermatomyositis (DM) with RP-ILD with a change in RDW within 3 months (∆RDW-3) greater than 0 were more likely to die within 3 months. Moreover, the prevalence of ∆RDW-3>0 was higher in patients with RP-ILD and positive for anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody who died within 3 months (87.5%) compared with those alive at 3 months (24.6%) (p<0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that repeated RDW assays could assist physicians in identifying patients with DM-ILD who were at a high risk of RP-ILD and death.
Obesity is a risk factor for poor response to treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a NORD-STAR study
Authors: Dubovyk Violetta , Vasileiadis Georgios K , Fatima Tahzeeb , Zhang Yuan , Kapetanovic Meliha Crnkic , Kastbom Alf , Rizk Milad , Söderbergh Annika , Zhao Sizheng Steven , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Hetland Merete Lund , Haavardsholm Espen A , Nordström Dan , Nurmohamed Michael T , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Lampa Jon , Østergaard Mikkel , Heiberg Marte Schrumpf , Sokka-Isler Tuulikki , Gröndal Gerdur , Lend Kristina , Hørslev-Petersen Kim , Uhlig Till , Rudin Anna , Maglio Cristina 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis report from the NORD-STAR (Nordic Rheumatic Diseases Strategy Trials and Registries) trial aimed to determine if obesity is associated with response to conventional and biological antirheumatic treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis report included 793 participants with untreated early RA from the randomised, longitudinal NORD-STAR trial, all of whom had their body mass index (BMI) assessed at baseline. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. All participants were randomised 1:1:1:1 to one of four treatment arms: active conventional treatment, certolizumab-pegol, abatacept and tocilizumab. Clinical and laboratory measurements were performed at baseline and at 8, 12, 24 and 48-week follow-up. The primary endpoint for this report was response to treatment based on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) remission and Disease Activity Score with 28 joints using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) <2.6 stratified by BMI.ResultsOut of 793 people included in the present report, 161 (20%) had obesity at baseline. During follow-up, participants with baseline obesity had higher disease activity compared with those with lower BMI, despite having similar disease activity at baseline. In survival analyses, obesity was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving response to treatment during follow-up for up to 48 weeks (CDAI remission, HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.05; SDAI, HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.97; DAS28-CRP <2.6, HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95). The effect of obesity on response to treatment was not influenced by the treatment arms.ConclusionIn people with untreated early RA followed up for up to 48 weeks, obesity was associated with a lower likelihood of good treatment response, irrespective of the type of randomised treatment received.Trial registration numberNCT01491815.
Supplemental tube feeding: qualitative study of patient perspectives in advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nguyen Grace , Furness Kate , Croagh Daniel , Haines Terry , Hanna Lauren 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesMalnutrition is associated with poor quality of life and survival outcomes for patients with cancer, but is challenging to prevent or treat in pancreatic cancer due to the multifactorial drivers of nutritional decline. A novel application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with a jejunal extension tube to deliver supplementary nutrition may improve outcomes, and will be tested in a randomised controlled trial. This study explored the perspectives of people living with pancreatic cancer regarding the acceptability of this proposed intensive nutrition intervention, to elucidate appropriateness and anticipated barriers, and facilitate informed design of the planned trial.MethodsParticipants were patients with pancreatic cancer previously enrolled in a Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Biobank. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone and transcribed verbatim for deductive thematic analysis. The Framework Model was used, with the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability as the analytical framework.Results10 participants were recruited. Four overarching themes were developed from interviews: (1) deterioration in physical and mental well-being are consequences of debilitating nutrition impact symptoms; (2) willingness to participate depends on an individual threshold for nutritional deterioration; (3) predicted perceived effectiveness outweighed anticipated burdens and (4) adequate dietetic support is needed for maintaining a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension feeding tube at home with confidence.ConclusionsMost participants believed that the intervention would benefit people with advanced pancreatic cancer to maintain their nutrition throughout chemotherapy. Regular and ad hoc support was considered essential, and the degree of individual nutritional deterioration was identified as an important indicator for trial participation.
Embedded ZnO nanorod in ZIF-8 as a high-efficiency core–shell structural electrocatalyst for subnanomole level sensing of diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Sun Junyong , Zhang Xin , Miao Shuyan , Peng Lijun , Peng Xitian , Wu Can , Gan Tian 
Published: April 2024

In view of the core–shell nanocomposites can complement the functions of the core and shell components, we here demonstrate a facile self-template strategy for synthesizing a one-dimensional rod-like hierarchical ZnO@ZIF-8 core–shell structure composed of a stabilized core and an active shell. The ZnO nanorods not only served as the template, but also as source of Zn ions for the in situ formation of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystal shell, and the well-stabilized ZnO core preserved its own nature during the growth of the ZIF-8 shell. Furthermore, a sensing platform using ZnO@ZIF-8 as electrocatalyst was developed, which demonstrated salient electrocatalytic activity for diethylstilbestrol (DES) oxidation. The concentration of DES was directly proportional to its anodic peak current in the range of 2 nmol/L to 2 µmol/L, and ultralow detection limit of 0.73 nmol/L ( S/ N = 3) was achieved. The proposed method also gave excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, showing promising analytical performance for the measurement of DES in food samples of animal origin.