bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of the coronal magnetic field around large confined and eruptive solar flares
Authors: Gupta M. , Thalmann J. K. , Veronig A. M. 
Published: March 2024

Context.The coronal magnetic field, which overlies the current-carrying field of solar active regions, straps the magnetic configuration below. The characteristics of this overlying field are crucial in determining if a flare will be eruptive and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), or if it will remain confined without a CME.Aims.In order to improve our understanding of the pre-requisites of eruptive solar flares, we study and compare different measures that characterize the eruptive potential of solar active regions – the critical height of the torus instability (TI) as a local measure and the helicity ratio as a global measure – with the structural properties of the underlying magnetic field, namely the altitude of the center of the current-carrying magnetic structure.Methods.Using time series of 3D optimization-based nonlinear force-free magnetic field models of ten different active regions (ARs) around the time of large solar flares, we determined the altitudes of the current-weighted centers of the non-potential model structures. Based on the potential magnetic field, we inspected the decay index,n, in multiple vertical planes oriented alongside or perpendicular to the flare-relevant polarity inversion line, and estimated the critical height (hcrit) of TI using different thresholds ofn. The critical heights were interpreted with respect to the altitudes of the current-weighted centers of the associated non-potential structures, as well as the eruptive character of the associated flares, and the eruptive potential of the host AR, as characterized by the helicity ratio.Results.Our most important findings are that (i)hcritis more segregated in terms of the flare type than the helicity ratio, and (ii) coronal field configurations with a higher eruptive potential (in terms of the helicity ratio) also appear to be more prone to TI. Furthermore, we find no pronounced differences in the altitudes of the non-potential structures prior to confined and eruptive flares. An aspect that requires further investigation is that, generally, the modeled non-potential structures do not really reside in a torus-instable regime, so the applicability of the chosen nonlinear force-free modeling approach when targeting the structural properties of the coronal magnetic field is unclear.
A spectroscopic investigation of thermal instability for cylindrical equilibria with background flow
Authors: Hermans J. , Keppens R. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Flows are omnipresent and govern the dynamics of plasma. Solar tornadoes are a class of apparently rotating prominences that might be formed by thermal instability. In spectroscopic studies on thermal instability, background flow is commonly neglected.
Aims. We here determine the effect of background flow on thermal instability in cylindrical magnetic field configurations. How various parameters affect the distribution of eigenmodes in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) spectrum is also explored. We investigate whether discrete thermal modes exist.
Methods. In an analytical study, we extended upon the literature by including a generic background flow in a cylindrical coordinate system. The non-adiabatic MHD equations are linearised, Fourier-analysed, and examined to understand how a background flow changes the continua. An approximate expression for discrete thermal modes is derived using a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) analysis. The analytical results are then verified for a benchmark equilibrium using the eigenvalue code Legolas. The eigenfunctions of discrete thermal modes are visualised in 2D and 3D.
Results. The thermal continuum is Doppler-shifted due to the background flow, just like the slow and Alfvén continua. Discrete modes are altered because the governing equations contain flow-related terms. An approximate expression to predict the appearance of discrete thermal modes based on the equilibrium parameters is derived. All analytical expressions match the numerical results. The distribution of the density perturbations of the discrete thermal modes is not a uniform or singular condensation, due to the shape of the eigenfunctions and the dependence of the assumed waveform on the coordinates and wavenumbers. A 3D visualisation of the total velocity field shows that the helical field is heavily influenced by the radial velocity perturbation.
Conclusions. We derived analytic expressions for non-adiabatic MHD modes of a cylindrical equilibrium with background flow and verified them using a coronal equilibrium. However, the equations are valid for and can be applied in other astrophysical environments.
Theoretical foundations of voluntary tax compliance: evidence from a developing country
Authors: Mebratu Agumas Alamirew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTax non-compliance is a persistent problem that is becoming increasingly common worldwide. The main objective of this study is to examine the factors that influence voluntary tax compliance among large taxpayers in Ethiopia based on the theoretical foundation of tax compliance. This study used an ordinary logit regression model, a closed-ended questionnaire with 1550 taxpayers, and quantitative data analysis. The regression analysis shows that tax compliance behavior is positively and significantly influenced by government trust, taxpayers’ tax knowledge, tax system fairness, and rewards. However, compliance costs negatively and significantly affect tax compliance. To improve voluntary tax compliance, the government and tax authorities need to be more open and responsible. They must also increase tax awareness among taxpayers through websites, seminars, and the media. Ultimately, they must reduce compliance costs and deliver tangible and intangible benefits to honest taxpayers.
The photoionization of methoxymethanol: Fingerprinting a reactive C2 oxygenate in a complex reactive mixture
Authors: Hansen Niko A. , Price Trevor D. , Filardi Leah R. , Gurses Sadi M. , Zhou Wenqi , Hansen Nils , Osborn David L. , Zádor Judit , Kronawitter Coleman X. 
Published: March 2024

Methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) is a reactive C2 ether-alcohol that is formed by coupling events in both heterogeneous and homogeneous systems. It is found in complex reactive environments—for example those associated with catalytic reactors, combustion systems, and liquid-phase mixtures of oxygenates. Using tunable synchrotron-generated vacuum-ultraviolet photons between 10.0 and 11.5 eV, we report on the photoionization spectroscopy of methoxymethanol. We determine that the lowest-energy photoionization process is the dissociative ionization of methoxymethanol via H-atom loss to produce [C2H5O2]+, a fragment cation with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) = 61.029. We measure the appearance energy of this fragment ion to be 10.24 ± 0.05 eV. The parent cation is not detected in the energy range examined. To elucidate the origin of the m/z = 61.029 (C2H5O2) fragment, we used automated electronic structure calculations to identify key stationary points on the cation potential energy surface and compute conformer-specific microcanonical rate coefficients for the important unimolecular processes. The calculated H-atom dissociation pathway results in a [C2H5O2]+ fragment appearance at 10.21 eV, in excellent agreement with experimental results.
“The heart will stop beating”
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Magdalena , Pöllabauer Sonja , Straczek-Helios Viktoria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article highlights some ethical questions in activist interpreting in the context of transnational patient
mobility, with a specific focus on abortion travel from Poland to Austria. It presents a case study of Ciocia Wienia, a
Vienna-based activist collective which facilitates access to abortion mainly for Poles and provides support and interpreting
services in abortion clinics. Drawing primarily on the literature on activist interpreting and feminist interpreting and a corpus
of 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with members and associates of the collective, this study explores ethical dilemmas
experienced by the activist interpreters. We investigate the ways in which their translation choices are interwoven with the
feminist and pro-choice agenda that the collective embraces. Our data show that Ciocia Wienia has developed a feminist approach to
interpreting, one strongly informed by its political agenda. The activists adopt interventionist and sometimes highly visible
strategies of interpreting, including direct confrontation or negotiation with clinic staff, and have much leeway to use an array
of strategies of divergent rendition. While the priority of activist interpreters is to support and protect the women they assist,
they also risk impairing patient autonomy and service-providers’ control over interactions.
Lending a hand to speech
Authors: Cavicchio Federica , Grazia Busà Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of gestures on second language (L2) pitch measures and fluency in storytelling tasks. It is well documented that L2 learners commonly use gestures in conversations and storytelling. Research has shown that gestures benefit L2 word learning and recall, but it is still unclear to what extent gestures affect speech fluency and pitch range. We compared a series of speech fluency and pitch measures across two storytelling tasks: task repetition and explicit instruction on the use of gestures. By analysing the use of gestures in these tasks, we provide insights on how gestures can help L2 fluency and intonation.
Tap/trill variation and change across generations of Spanish-Creole bilinguals in San Andrés, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo-Ramos Falcon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work examines the behavior of vibrant (presenting linguo-alveolar contact) tap/trill variation across
generations of bilingual Afro-Caribbean speakers of Spanish and an English-Lexifier Creole, known here as Raizal Creole, in the
Archipelago of San Andrés, Colombia. In these islands, a bilingual Spanish variety, known here as Raizal Spanish, coexists with a
monolingual Spanish variety spoken by Colombian immigrants (Costeño Spanish). Data consists of over 3,300 tokens (867 trills and
2531 taps) compared across three generations of Raizal Spanish speakers with a sample of 528 segments (133 trills and 395 taps)
produced in Costeño Spanish. Results show that although the frequency of use of vibrant taps and trills in younger generations
increasingly resembles those presented in the monolingual variety, the behavior of rhotic variation is different in both Spanish
varieties. In addition, non-vibrant or approximant variants are increasingly prevalent in the first and second generation
informants with rates doubling those of the younger generation and monolingual Costeño Spanish. Results of the cross-variety
comparison show that Raizal Spanish displays a generational continuity where a restructuring of the constraint ordering starts in
the second generation and is completed with younger Raizales. On the contrary, Costeño Spanish behaves differently in terms of the
systematic linguistic conditionings. The evidence suggests that rhotic variation has changed internally within both varieties.
An approach to solving the effect of background in fluidized bed on electromagnetic tomography
Authors: Luan Xinyu , Wang Chao , Liang Xiao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As a non-invasive measurement technique, electromagnetic tomography (EMT) system based on tunneling magneto resistance (TMR) can detect the distribution of medium in the gas–liquid–solid fluidized bed by the difference of permeability. The distribution of medium in the three-phase fluidized bed is not uniform, and the solid clusters and bubble clusters are formed in the background of the gas–liquid–solid mixture. Since the effect of the background in the pipe of the fluidized bed on the boundary measurement data of the TMR-EMT system is much greater, it is difficult to detect solid clusters and bubble clusters when the image is reconstructed directly using the boundary measurement data. In order to improve the detection of clusters by the TMR-EMT system, a method to weaken the effect of the background is proposed. The equivalent magnetic circuit model is used to estimate the background permeability. Then the magnetic dipole theory and demagnetization effect theory are utilized to establish a simple background compensation model based on the estimated background permeability. Using the compensation model, the effect of the background is weakened from the boundary measurement data and the cluster distribution information is highlighted. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Near-resonant light scattering by an atom in a state-dependent trap
Authors: Karanikolaou T D , Bettles R J , Chang D E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There are an increasing number of experimental scenarios where near-resonant light is applied to atoms tightly trapped in far off-resonant optical fields, such as for quantum optics applications or for atom imaging. Oftentimes, the electronic ground and excited states involved in the optical transition experience unequal trapping potentials. Here, we systematically analyze the effects of unequal trapping on near-resonant atom–light interactions. In particular, we identify regimes where such trapping can lead to significant excess heating compared to atoms in state-independent potentials, and a reduction of total and elastic scattering cross sections associated with a decreased atom–photon interaction efficiency. Understanding these effects can be valuable for achieving maximum efficiency in quantum optics experiments or atom imaging setups, where efficient atom–light interactions on resonance are desired, but achieving equal trapping is not feasible.
Sensitivity estimation of biosensor in a tapered cavity MOSHEMT
Authors: Dastidar Ananya , Patra Tapas Kumar , Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar , Pradhan K P , Alodhayb Abdullah N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present research provides a comprehensive investigation of the structural modification at the cavity under the gate (CUG) on the metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT)-based biosensor by projecting its basic figures of merit (FOMs). The effect of a tapering dielectric on the sensitivity of the biosensor has not been extensively investigated in many research efforts. Therefore, to account for the larger binding surface, the current study considers a wide range of permittivity of the biomolecules from 1 to 10, using the dielectric modulation technique in the tapered cavity. Various cavities are analysed to enhance the sensitivity. The findings indicate that the presence of biomolecules causes a considerable fluctuation in the drain current, threshold voltage, on-current, off-current, channel potential, and oxide capacitance. It has also been estimated how various fill percentages and charged and neutral biomolecules affect the device’s sensitivity. The tapered dielectric MOSHEMT offered an on-current sensitivity and threshold voltage sensitivity of 1.25 and 0.889 for neutral biomolecule (k = 8) and 0.562 and 2.23 for positively charged biomolecule respectively. Thus, tapering of the oxide does offer better sensitivities that can be exploited for biosensing applications.
Dynamics in a light-sensitive neuron with two capacitive variables
Authors: Wang Binchi , Lv Mi , Zhang Xiaofeng , Ma Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Involvement of two capacitive variables into neuron models provides better description of the cell membrane property and then the diversity effect of electromagnetic field inner and outer of the cell membrane can be estimated in clear way. Specific electric components can be combined to build equivalent neural circuits for reproducing similar neural activities under some self-adaptive control schemes. A phototube converts external light into electric stimuli and the injected energy is encoded to excite the cell membranes for presenting suitable firing patterns. Two capacitors are connected via a linear resistor for mimicking the energy exchange and changes of membrane potentials. Combination of memristor into an additive branch circuit of the neural circuit can estimate the effect of electromagnetic induction and energy absorption. The energy function H for this light-sensitive and memristive neuron is calculated in theoretical way, and the average energy function 〈H〉 can predict the occurrence of stochastic resonance, which can be confirmed by estimating the distribution of signal to noise ratios. The firing mode is relative to the energy value of the neuron, and a control law is suggested to control the mode transition in neural activities in an adaptive way.
Navigating complexity of the medication management system within the home setting—a functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) analysis of people with dementia and their carers’ experiences
Authors: Lim Rosemary , Iflaifel Mais , Qamariat Zahra A L , Crowley Clare , Sharmeen Taniya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a strong imperative to support people with dementia to live independently in their homes for as long as possible. A starting point is to understand how they manage medications on a daily basis.

Aim
To understand how people with dementia and their informal carers manage medications within the home setting to inform the identification of opportunities to improve medication management.

Methods
A qualitative study using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). Interview data with people with dementia and informal carers were analysed to (i) Identify and describe key functions, (ii) identify and describe variability in performing key functions, and its potential consequences and (iii) map performance variability to Resilient Healthcare capacities.

Results and discussion
A FRAM model was developed and consisted of 14 interdependent key functions. The interdependent nature of functions, and the different nature and sources of variability in how each key function was performed highlighted the level of complexity of the medication management system within the home setting. The medication system was managed almost entirely by the person with dementia and/or their informal carers. This shows the lack of system-level controls to support the safe functioning of the medication management system in the home setting.

Conclusion
Future work will develop a comprehensive FRAM model that includes the perspectives of health and social care professionals and those from the third sectors to underpin the development of a range of system recommendations to strengthen resilience in the medication management system within the home setting.
Parenteral nutrition at home/long-term parenteral nutrition
Authors: Kumpf Vanessa J , Gray Brenda , Monczka Jessica , Zeraschi Sarah , Klek Stanislaw 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Some diseases require that patients receive parenteral nutrition (PN) over a prolonged time period. Long-term administration of PN can further complicate an already complex therapy, posing additional risk of potential complications. This article is based on presentations and discussions held at the International Safety and Quality of PN Summit, providing insights into aspects of home PN (HPN) and examples of good HPN practice.

Summary
One critical step in the HPN process is when patients transition from a hospital to a home setting, and vice versa. Generally, electronic PN ordering is not feasible in an HPN setting, leading to potential difficulties in communication and coordination. HPN requires that patients (or their home caregivers) administer PN, and thus their education and competency are crucial. Likewise, the choice of PN formulation is of great importance. For example, using more modern intravenous lipid emulsions containing medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and/or fish oil can provide benefits in terms of liver function during long-term HPN. Internationally, there are wide variations in delivery of HPN, with compounded PN dominating in some countries while others make greater use of market-authorized multichamber bags (MCBs). Patient-related factors, institutional considerations, and the availability of different MCB formulations, are also contributing factors guiding formulation and delivery system preferences.

Conclusion
Education and communication remain key components of a successful HPN process. The information shared here may help to motivate efforts to improve HPN processes and to consider the often-differing perspectives of patients and their healthcare professionals.
Against the no-difference argument
Authors: Elga Adam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There are 1,000 of us and one victim. We each increase the level at which a ‘discomfort machine’ operates on the victim – leading to great discomfort. Suppose that consecutive levels of the machine are so similar that the victim cannot distinguish them. Have we acted permissibly? According to the ‘no-difference argument’ the answer is ‘yes’ because each of our actions was guaranteed to make the victim no worse off. This argument is of interest because, if it is sound, similar arguments threaten intuitive moral verdicts about many cases in which a large number of individual choices cumulatively make a great difference, while each choice seems to make no difference on its own. But the argument is not sound, as is shown by a simple objection based on a plausible dominance principle – an objection that avoids challenges that have been brought against previous criticisms of the no-difference argument.
Variations in wood anatomy in Afrotropical trees with a particular emphasis on radial and axial parenchyma
Authors: Plavcová Lenka , Jandová Veronika , Altman Jan , Liancourt Pierre , Korznikov Kirill , Doležal Jiří 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Understanding anatomical variations across plant phylogenies and environmental gradients is vital for comprehending plant evolution and adaptation. Previous studies on tropical woody plants have paid limited attention to quantitative differences in major xylem tissues, which serve specific roles in mechanical support (fibres), carbohydrate storage and radial conduction (radial parenchyma, rays), wood capacitance (axial parenchyma) and water transport (vessels). To address this gap, we investigate xylem fractions in 173 tropical tree species spanning 134 genera and 53 families along a 2200-m elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon, West Africa.

Methods
We determined how elevation, stem height and wood density affect interspecific differences in vessel, fibre, and specific axial (AP) and radial (RP) parenchyma fractions. We focus on quantifying distinct subcategories of homogeneous or heterogeneous rays and apotracheal, paratracheal and banded axial parenchyma.

Key Results
Elevation-related cooling correlated with reduced AP fractions and vessel diameters, while fibre fractions increased. Lower elevations exhibited elevated AP fractions due to abundant paratracheal and wide-banded parenchyma in tall trees from coastal and lowland forests. Vasicentric and aliform AP were predominantly associated with greater tree height and wider vessels, which might help cope with high evaporative demands via elastic wood capacitance. In contrast, montane trees featured a higher fibre proportion, scarce axial parenchyma, smaller vessel diameters and higher vessel densities. The lack of AP in montane trees was often compensated for by extended uniseriate ray sections with upright or squared ray cells or the presence of living fibres.

Conclusions
Elevation gradient influenced specific xylem fractions, with lower elevations showing elevated AP due to abundant paratracheal and wide-banded parenchyma, securing greater vessel-to-parenchyma connectivity and lower embolism risk. Montane trees featured a higher fibre proportion and smaller vessel diameters, which may aid survival under greater environmental seasonality and fire risk.