bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical practices and prognosis of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome : based on 20-year-records in Korea
Authors: Lee Min Jeong , Park Ji Soo , Kim Kyunghoon , Ko Jung Min , Park June Dong , Suh Dong In 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypoventilation due to impaired breathing control by the central nervous system and other symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. Mutations in paired-like homeobox 2 B (PHOX2B) are responsible for most cases of CCHS. Patients with CCHS have various phenotypes and severities, making the diagnosis difficult. This study aimed to present a comprehensive single-center experience of patients with CCHS, including key clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed for patients diagnosed with CCHS between January 2001 and July 2023 at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. Finally, we selected 24 patients and collected their demographic data, genotypes, ventilation methods, and clinical features related to autonomic dysfunction. The relationship between the clinical manifestations and genotypes was also examined.
Results
All patients used home ventilators, and tracheostomy was performed in 87.5% of patients. Fifteen (62.5%) patients had constipation and nine (37.5%) were diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Arrhythmia, endocrine dysfunction, and subclinical hypothyroidism were present in nine (37.5%), six patients (25.0%), and two patients (16.7%), respectively. A significant number of patients exhibited neurodevelopmental delays (19 patients, 79.2%). There was a correlation between the phenotype and genotype of PHOX2B in patients with CCHS. (r = 0.71, p < 0.001)
Conclusions
There was a positive correlation between paired-like homeobox 2 B mutations (especially the number of GCN repeats in the polyalanine repeat mutations sequence) and clinical manifestations. This study also demonstrated how initial treatment for hypoventilation affects neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with CCHS.
Age-related trends and annual rates of change in trabecular bone scores and bone mineral density in Chinese men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Lin Yunyun , Tang Juanjuan , Xue Cheng , Di Wenjuan , Cheng Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) typically have an average or higher bone mineral density (BMD) but are at a significantly higher risk of fracture than patients without diabetes. Trabecular bone score (TBS), a textural index that evaluates pixel gray-level variations in the projected lumbar spine DXA image, has been introduced as an indirect measure of bone quality.
Methods
This study aimed to discuss the trends and annual rates of change in BMD and TBS with age in Chinese men with T2DM and men without diabetes mellitus.
Results
Lumbar spine(LS) TBS was found to be significantly lower in males with T2DM compared to normal males (1.279 ± 0.117 vs. 1.301 ± 0.090, P = 0.005). However, TBS in men with T2DM peaked around age 60, which was later and lower than in normal men at age 50 (1.294 ± 0.126 vs. 1.328 ± 0.088). Femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD in men with T2DM were not significantly different from those in ordinary men. The results of the 3-year follow-up showed that men, both men with or without T2DM, exhibited the lowest annual rates of change at 66–75 years of age, with values of -1.05%(P < 0.001) and − 0.90%(P < 0.001), respectively. Patients with great glycemic control demonstrated higher TBS and BMD.
Conclusion
Men with T2DM have later and lower peak TBS and faster bone loss, which may reflect the effects of diabetes on bone microarchitecture and bone mineral.
A Compact Multi-Step Framework for Packing Identification in Portable Executable Files for Malware Analysis
Authors: Kim Jong-Wouk , Moon Yang-Sae , Choi Mi-Jung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Packing presents a formidable challenge in the cybersecurity domain, significantly complicating malware analysis and prolonging the lifespan of malicious software. Malicious software frequently utilizes anti-analysis technologies to circumvent antivirus programs and analysis tools. Moreover, the process of training malware classifiers often leads to the acquisition of packer characteristics rather than those of the malware itself, thereby engendering an adversarial example or generalization error. This study seeks to address this problem by introducing a streamlined framework with 20 optimal features for the detection of packing and the identification of packers in portable executable (PE) files. Furthermore, the study proposes the framework for an optimal model capable of detecting packed samples and identifying the signatures of packers based on their unique patterns. This paper outlines an exhaustive experimental phase aimed at ascertaining the most optimal model and features for the proposed framework. The XGBoost model learnt 20 features and demonstrated outstanding performance (99.27% accuracy, 98.84% F1-Score), surpassing that reported in a recent study. Furthermore, through this study, an accessible dataset, comprising 213,784 samples and 125 features, is made available to researchers focused on packing or the development of malware classifiers.
Peripheral neuropathy significantly increases the risk of persistent lower extremity ulcers in individuals with diabetes in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Authors: Li Zirui , Wei Zairong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Lower extremity ulcers are a major health concern in the diabetic population as they can result in chronic wounds, infection, and amputation. Previous studies have shown that one of the major consequences of peripheral neuropathy (PN) is an increased risk of lower extremity ulcers, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes. However, the specific role of PN in increasing the risk of persistent lower extremity ulcers (PLEU) in this population has not been well elucidated. We aimed to examine and establish a connection between PN and PLEU in individuals with diabetes in the United States.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2004 for participants aged ≥40 years with a diagnosis of diabetes. PLEU was defined based on questionnaires assessing the presence of non-healing ulcers in the lower extremities for >4 weeks in patients with diabetes. PN was defined as numbness, loss of sensation, painful sensations, tingling in one’s feet in the last 3 months or ≥1 area of no sensation based on monoﬁlament testing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between PN and PLEU.
Results
In total, 1,671 participants were included (1,018 and 653 participants with and without PN, respectively). The overall prevalence of PLEU was 9% (151/1,671), whereas it was 12.5% (127/1,018) and 3.7% (24/653) in PN and non-PN participants, respectively. We found that PN was associated with a 274% greater incidence of PLEU (odds ratio [OR]=3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.39–5.85, p<0.001) compared with participants without PN. After adjusting for potential confounders, PN was associated with a 209% higher incidence of PLEU (OR=3.09, 95% CI=1.95–4.92, p<0.001) compared with participants without PN. The results remained stable based on our subgroup analyses and propensity score matching.
Conclusion
PN is significantly associated with PLEU in patients with diabetes in the United States.
Crime Rate Prediction using Cyber Security and Artificial Intelligent
Authors: Khansadurai Asan Mohideen , Veluchamy Anjana Devi , Balasubramani Suganthi , Balasubramaniyan Kiruthiga 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We examine the potential of AI in enhancing cybersecurity solutions by highlighting both its advantages and disadvantages. We also talk about the potential for future research in the realm of cybersecurity related to the development of AI approaches across many application domains. One of our society's most significant and pervasive issues is crime. Numerous crimes are perpetrated often each day. The dataset in this instance consists of the date and the annual crime rate for the corresponding years. The crime rate used in this project is only based on robberies. Utilizing historical data, we employ the linear regression algorithm to forecast the percentage of crime rate in the coming years. The algorithm receives a date as input, and the result is the proportion of crime for that particular year.
Mesenteric benign lymph node enlargement in colorectal cancer: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Wang Junwei , Shi Xiangchao , Guo Limei , Li Fei , Lu Siyi , Wang Bingyan , Lin Xinyi , Chen Xin , Fu Wei , Zhou Xin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Benign lymph node enlargement (BLNE) is common in colorectal cancer; however, few studies have investigatedits influence on prognosis, clinicopathological features, and pathogenesis.
Methods: Patients who underwent radical surgery for colorectal cancer at Peking University Third Hospital were grouped according to the presence ofBLNE, and their prognosis and clinical characteristics were analysed. The immune microenvironment and genomic characteristics of primary tumors were comprehensively explored in representative patients.
Results: Overall,630 AJCC stage I/IIpatients, with 131 in the BLNE group and 499 in the Non-BLNE (NBLNE) group, were included in the study. Patients in the BLNE group exhibited better disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44, P = 0.016) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.46, P = 0.011) . Interestingly, the prognosis of patients without lymph node metastasis wasworse when the number of harvested lymph nodes was more than 15. On computed tomography (CT) images, significant differences in lymph node morphology were found between BLNE and metastatic lymph node enlargement, including lymph node border, shape and enhancement characteristics. Pathologically, compared with the NBLNE group, the BLNE group had more mature tertiary lymphoid structures (66.7% vs. 36.5%, P = 0.002), greater immunoscore (18.8% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.004) in tumor tissue, and more abundant lymph follicles in lymph nodes (13.69 ± 4.89 vs. 5.08 ± 3.87, P < 0.0001). Whole-exon sequencing analysis revealed greater TMB in the BLNE group [ 6.03 (5.59, 7.59) vs. 5.33 (4.62, 6.34), P = 0.025). 11 differentially mutated genes were identified between the BLNE groupand NBLNE group, with MUC12 (81%) as the most common mutated gene in the BLNE group (odds ratio [OR] 0.10, P = 0.0002).
Conclusion: BLNE is a positive factor in predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer, possibly becausepatients with BLNE have a stronger anti-tumorimmune response. Accurate preoperative lymph node staging is critical.
MiR-27b-3p reduces muscle fibrosis during chronic skeletal muscle injury by targeting tgf-βr1/smad3 pathway
Authors: yao hang , qian jin , bian xuting , tang yuzhen , ye xiao , he gang , tang hong , liu xiao , zhang anyang , xie qizhong , guo lin , tang kanglai , tao xu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fibrosis is a significant pathological manifestation of chronic skeletal muscle injury, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix severely impacts muscle regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are able to differentiate into myofibroblasts, serving as a source of the extracellular matrix.Despite there is a certain understanding of the function and differentiation of FAPs,the mechanisms underlying the fibrogenic differentiation of FAPs during chronic skeletal muscle injury still require further investigation.In this study,It was found that muscle-derived FAPs in the sciatic nerve transection mouse model exhibited a fibrotic phenotype that worsened over time. Subsequently, we investigated miRNAs that may have significant effects on fibrosis of FAPs. The results revealed that miR-27b-3p abundance in FAPs decreased progressively as fibrosis intensified. Furthermore, application of miR-27b-3p mimics effectively suppressed fibrosis in vitro and in vivo.Lastly, the dual-luciferase reporter assay, overexpression or knockdown of tgf-βr1 and utilization of SIS3 (a smad3 phosphorylation inhibitor) demonstrated that miR-27b-3p targeted the tgf-βr1/smad3 pathway and that tgf-βr1/smad3 negatively regulated miR-27b-3p. Taken together, our study indicates that miR-27b-3p targeting the tgf-βr1/smad3 pathway is a novel mechanism for regulating fibrosis of FAPs. Increasing miR-27b-3p abundance, suppressing tgf-βr1 expression, and inhibiting smad3 phosphorylation present potential strategies for treating fibrosis in chronic skeletal muscle injury.
Wildlife Roadkill Hotspots on Roads Crossing Conservation Units (UC) in the State of Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Bomfim Douglas Aran dos Santos , de Melo Claudia Moura , Madi Rubens Riscala 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Wildlife roadkill is a significant threat to biodiversity in Brazil, causing numerous animal fatalities annually. This study aimed to identify the primary locations of wildlife roadkill on two highways passing through Conservation Units (UCs) in Sergipe, examining the correlation between roadkill incidents and periods of drought and rainfall. From November 2021 to October 2022, 49 surveys were conducted along BR-235, near the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, and the Adil Dantas do Amor Cardoso highway, traversing the Mata do Crasto Private Natural Heritage Reserve. Surveys were carried out by motorcycle, traveling at a maximum speed of 60 km/h. To identify roadkill hotspots for each highway, we applied annual mortality indices (MI), Shannon diversity index (H'), species accumulation curves with area extrapolation (Bootstrap), and Kernel density estimation. On BR-235, 63 roadkill incidents were recorded, while on the Adil Dantas do Amor Cardoso highway, which has implemented mitigation measures, there were 15 incidents. No significant variation in roadkill frequency was observed between dry and rainy periods. Areas with mitigation measures experienced lower mortality rates. Determining MI and roadkill hotspots can inform the development of strategies to mitigate the impact of highways on wildlife within conservation areas.
Characterization of Mild Delayed Gestational Hypertension in Rats Following Ozone Exposure
Authors: Hunter Russell , Wilson Thomas , Lucas Selita , Scieszka David , Bleske Barry , Ottens Andrew , Ashley Ryan , Pace Carolyn , Kanagy Nancy , Campen Matthew J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The contribution of air pollution induced cardio-pulmonary damage on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and other adverse outcomes of pregnancy has gained increased attention as epidemiological data continues to highlight spatiotemporal pregnancy trends related to air pollution exposure. However clinical mechanistic data surrounding gestational complications remains sparse, necessitating the need for the use of animal models to study these types of complications of pregnancy. The current study seeks to examine the real-time effects of mid-gestational ozone exposure on maternal blood pressure and body temperature through the use of radiotelemetry in a rat model. The exposure resulted in acute depression of heart rate and core body temperature as compared to control animals. Ozone exposed animals also presented with a slight but significant increase in arterial blood pressure which was perpetuated until term. The data presented here illustrates the feasibility of murine models to assess cardiovascular complications caused by inhaled toxicants during the window of pregnancy.
Enhancing Aged Care through Human-Robot Collaboration: A Case Study of Chore Robots.
Authors: Chira Valeria Alessandra Macalupu , Caldwell Glenda , Miller Evonne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Robots are not yet mainstream in aged care, despite decades of experimentation and technological advancements. Alongside technological, regulatory, and societal considerations, part of the challenge has been limited to end-user engagement in co-designing robots for aged care. This project asked ten leaders in aged care to participate in a co-design workshop to collaboratively imagine and co-design a chore robot for aged care, followed by individual interviews to identify the tasks or activities where robotic assistance could be most beneficial, focussing on any specific workforce implications and the economic rationale needed to justify this change. Alongside documenting the co-design processes and tools deployed, this article shares the expectations and experiences of executive leaders in aged care, reflecting on the challenges and opportunities for robotic design and adoption in the unique setting that is aged care.
Operações Semiocognitivas na Resolução de Problemas de Geometria Espacial no Terceiro Ano do Ensino Médio
Authors: Moser Adriano , Moretti Méricles Thadeu , Aguiar Rogério de 
Published: February 2024

Neste artigo, apresentou-se resultados que visam não só reconhecimento das operações semiocognitivas mobilizadas em geometria na resolução de problemas de Geometria Espacial no Ensino Médio, como também se destacou a relevância do olhar que é capaz de reconhecer e estabelecer relações a partir das informações intrínsecas nas dimensões inferiores ao objeto geométrico em questão, consequência direta da ação da desconstrução dimensional sobre o registro figural. As figuras geométricas se diferenciam por exigir a articulação de dois registros distintos, porém, complementares: a linguagem natural e o registro figural. Ademais, reconhecer a forma geométrica e operacionalizá-la efetivamente para a compreensão e resolução de problemas de geometria permeia pela reeducação do olhar através do reconhecimento das unidades figurais de zero a três dimensões por meio de gestos cognitivos capazes de potencializar propriedades heurísticas próprias da figura geométrica. A escolha de direcionar o olhar para problemas que contemplassem a temática da Geometria Espacial foi motivada dada a sua importância no seu contexto formador de habilidades específicas pois, exige do aluno não só o seu domínio conceitual, mas se faz necessário um sincronismo de ações interpretativas que, de acordo com a teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Raymond Duval, são denominadas apreensões em geometria.
Palavras-chave: Objetos geométricos tridimensionais. Apreensões em geometria. Ensino de geometria.
O papel da linguagem na Teoria das Situações e na Teoria Antropológica do Didático
Authors: Almouloud Saddo Ag 
Published: February 2024

A linguagem tem um papel importante para fazer matemática, bem como para ensiná-la. O discurso verbal está presente em declarações e práticas matemáticas e é utilizado para comunicar durante a atividade matemática, ou a atividade didática: a linguagem está presente na própria atividade matemática, nas relações entre atores e atividade matemática, e nas relações entre os atores, no que se refere à atividade matemática – meio de ensino e de aprendizagem. Portanto, na atividade matemática entrelaçam-se a linguagem matemática e a linguagem corrente. Nesta perspectiva, este texto, de cunho teórico, tem por objetivo explicitar os principais construtos da Teoria das Situações e da Teoria Antropológica do Didático e analisar o papel e o lugar da linguagem nas situações – no sentido da Teoria das Situações – e nas instituições, no bojo da Teoria Antropológica do Didático. Destaca-se que ambas as teorias (TS e TAD) enfatizam o caráter instrumental da linguagem, integrando-a ao sistema ativado de ostensivos. Portanto, não se pode separar a linguagem do resto dos componentes da atividade matemática, quer se pense neles como conhecimentos/saberes – situações – ou como praxeologias. A construção de novos saberes/praxeologias envolve a construção de novas formas de dizer – fazer –, sem se reduzir a isso.
Palavras-chave: Linguagem, Situação; Instituição; Matemática.
Experimental investigation and application of soft computing models for predicting flow energy loss in arc-shaped constrictions
Authors: Abbaszadeh Hamidreza , Daneshfaraz Rasoul , Sume Veli , Abraham John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This investigation focuses on flow energy, a crucial parameter in the design of water structures such as channels. The research endeavors to explore the relative energy loss (ΔEAB/EA) in a constricted flow path of varying widths, employing Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), M5 and Random Forest (RF) models. Experiments span a Froude number range from 2.85 to 8.85. The experimental findings indicate that the ΔEAB/EA exceeds that observed in a classical hydraulic jump with constriction section. Within the SVM model, the linear kernel emerges as the best predictor of ΔEAB/EA, outperforming polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), and sigmoid kernels. In addition, in the ANN model, the MLP network was more accurate compared to the RBF network. The results indicate that the relationship proposed by the MARS model can play a significant role resulting in high accuracy compared to the non-linear regression relationship in predicting the target parameter. Upon comprehensive evaluation, the ANN method emerges as the most promising among the candidates, yielding superior performance compared to the other models. The testing phase results for the ANN-MLP are noteworthy, with R = 0.997, average RE% = 0.63%, RMSE = 0.0069, BIAS = −0.0004, DR = 0.999, SI = 0.0098 and KGE = 0.995.
Analysis of the factors influencing the fluctuation of non-revenue water in Luangprabang City, Laos
Authors: Chandaeng Sunti , Sawangjang Benyapa , Kazama Shinobu , Takizawa Satoshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Non-revenue water (NRW) in Luangprabang City, Laos, has been high and fluctuating. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the factors influencing the fluctuation of NRW in two district-metered areas (DMAs). The average NRWs for 16–17 months in DMA-1 and DMA-2 were 28.92 and 43.92%, respectively, whereas the coefficients of variation of the monthly NRWs were high at 49.7 and 11.7%, respectively. Among the factors causing the fluctuation of NRW, meter inaccuracies were less than 2%, although inaccessibility to customer meters was high at 46.4 and 38.7% in DMA-1 and DMA-2, respectively. However, the meter reading intervals had little influence on billed water consumption. Using the IWA Water Balance table, the apparent loss was estimated as 2.6%, whereas the real loss (24.9%) was the main component of NRW (27.5%) in DMA-2. The monthly and 3–7-month moving averages of NRW were inversely correlated with billed water consumption, indicating that both volumetric and percentage NRWs were strongly influenced by fluctuations in billed water consumption. Network simulation verified that high inaccessibility to customer meters, particularly during the COVID-19 lockdown, caused large fluctuations in billed water consumption and NRWs. Therefore, access to customer water meters should be improved to alleviate the fluctuation of NRW.