bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patterson–Sullivan measure and proper conjugation for Kleinian groups of divergence type
Authors: MATSUZAKI KATSUHIKO , YABUKI YASUHIRO 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA Kleinian group (a discrete subgroup of conformal automorphisms of the unit ball)Gis said to have proper conjugation if it contains the conjugateαGα−1by some conformal automorphismαas a proper subgroup in it. We show that a Kleinian group of divergence type cannot have proper conjugation. Uniqueness of the Patterson–Sullivan measure for such a Kleinian group is crucial to our proof.
Destroying horseshoes via heterodimensional cycles: generating bifurcations inside homoclinic classes
Authors: DÍAZ L. J. , HORITA V. , RIOS I. , SAMBARINO M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model for the destruction of three-dimensional horseshoes via heterodimensional cycles. This model yields some new dynamical features. Among other things, it provides examples of homoclinic classes properly contained in other classes and it is a model of a new sort of heteroclinic bifurcations we callgenerating.
Conjugacy, orbit equivalence and classification of measure-preserving group actions
Authors: TÖRNQUIST ASGER 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe prove that if G is a countable discrete group with property (T) over an infinite subgroup H≤G which contains an infinite Abelian subgroup or is normal, then G has continuum-many orbit-inequivalent measure-preserving almost-everywhere-free ergodic actions on a standard Borel probability space. Further, we obtain that the measure-preserving almost-everywhere-free ergodic actions of such a G cannot be classified up to orbit equivalence by a reasonable assignment of countable structures as complete invariants. We also obtain a strengthening and a new proof of a non-classification result of Foreman and Weiss for conjugacy of measure-preserving ergodic almost-everywhere-free actions of discrete countable groups.
Growth rates for geometric complexities and counting functions in polygonal billiards
Authors: GUTKIN EUGENE , RAMS MICHAŁ 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe introduce a new method for estimating the growth of various quantities arising in dynamical systems. Applying our method to polygonal billiards on surfaces of constant curvature, we obtain estimates almost everywhere on direction complexities and position complexities. As a byproduct, we recover the power bounds of Boshernitzan on the number of billiard orbits between almost all pairs of points in a planar polygon [M. Boshernitzan. Private letter to H. Masur (1986)].
The importance of nomenclature for congenital cardiac disease: implications for research and evaluation
Authors: Strickland Matthew J. , Riehle-Colarusso Tiffany J. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Reller Mark D. , Mahle William T. , Botto Lorenzo D. , Tolbert Paige E. , Jacobs Marshall L. , Lacour-Gayet Francois G. , Tchervenkov Christo I. , Mavroudis Constantine , Correa Adolfo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundAdministrative databases are often used for congenital cardiac disease research and evaluation, with little validation of the accuracy of the diagnostic codes.MethodsMetropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program surveillance records were reviewed and classified using a version of the International Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code. Using this clinical nomenclature as the referent, we report the sensitivity and false positive fraction (1 – positive predictive value) of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.ResultsWe identified 4918 infants and foetuses with congenital cardiac disease from the surveillance records. Using only the International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes, there were 280 records with tetralogy, 317 records with transposition, and 192 records with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Based on the International Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code, 330 records were classified as tetralogy, 163 records as transposition, and 179 records as hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The sensitivity of International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes was 83% for tetralogy, 100% for transposition, and 95% for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The false positive fraction was 2% for tetralogy, 49% for transposition, and 11% for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.ConclusionsAnalyses based on International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes may have substantial misclassification of congenital heart disease. Isolating the major defect is difficult, and certain codes do not differentiate between variants that are clinically and developmentally different.
The improvement of care for paediatric and congenital cardiac disease across the World: a challenge for the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Tchervenkov Christo I. , Jacobs Jeffrey Phillip , Bernier Pierre-Luc , Stellin Giovanni , Kurosawa Hiromi , Mavroudis Constantine , Jonas Richard A. , Cicek Sertac M. , Al-Halees Zohair , Elliott Martin J. , Jatene Marcelo B. , Kinsley Robin H. , Kreutzer Christian , Leon-Wyss Juan , Liu Jinfen , Maruszewski Bohdan , Nunn Graham R. , Ramirez-Marroquin Samuel , Sandoval Nestor , Sano Shunji , Sarris George E. , Sharma Rajesh , Shoeb Ayman , Spray Thomas L. , Ungerleider Ross M. , Yangni-Angate Hervé , Ziemer Gerhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe diagnosis and treatment for paediatric and congenital cardiac disease has undergone remarkable progress over the last 60 years. Unfortunately, this progress has been largely limited to the developed world. Yet every year approximately 90% of the more than 1,000,000 children who are born with congenital cardiac disease across the world receive either suboptimal care or are totally denied care.While in the developed world the focus has changed from an effort to decrease post-operative mortality to now improving quality of life and decreasing morbidity, which is the focus of this Supplement, the rest of the world still needs to develop basic access to congenital cardiac care. The World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery [http://www.wspchs.org/] was established in 2006. The Vision of the World Society is that every child born anywhere in the world with a congenital heart defect should have access to appropriate medical and surgical care. The Mission of the World Society is to promote the highest quality comprehensive care to all patients with pediatric and/or congenital heart disease, from the fetus to the adult, regardless of the patient’s economic means, with emphasis on excellence in education, research and community service.We present in this article an overview of the epidemiology of congenital cardiac disease, the current and future challenges to improve care in the developed and developing world, the impact of the globalization of cardiac surgery, and the role that the World Society should play. The World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery is in a unique position to influence and truly improve the global care of children and adults with congenital cardiac disease throughout the world [http://www.wspchs.org/].
Cardiac complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease: consensus definitions from the Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Bacha Emile Antoine , Cooper David , Thiagarajan Ravi , Franklin Rodney C.G. , Krogmann Otto , Deal Barbara , Mavroudis Constantine , Shukla Avinash , Yeh Thomas , Barach Paul , Wessel David , Stellin Giovanni , Colan Steven D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA complication is an event or occurrence that is associated with a disease or a healthcare intervention, is a departure from the desired course of events, and may cause, or be associated with, suboptimal outcome. A complication does not necessarily represent a breech in the standard of care that constitutes medical negligence or medical malpractice. An operative or procedural complication is any complication, regardless of cause, occurring (1) within 30 days after surgery or intervention in or out of the hospital, or (2) after 30 days during the same hospitalization subsequent to the operation or intervention. Operative and procedural complications include both intraoperative/intraprocedural complications and postoperative/postprocedural complications in this time interval.The MultiSocietal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease has set forth a comprehensive list of complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease, related to cardiac, pulmonary, renal, haematological, infectious, neurological, gastrointestinal, and endocrinal systems, as well as those related to the management of anaesthesia and perfusion, and the transplantation of thoracic organs. The objective of this manuscript is to examine the definitions of operative morbidity as they relate specifically to the cardiac system. These specific definitions and terms will be used to track morbidity associated with surgical and transcatheter interventions and other forms of therapy in a common language across many separate databases.The MultiSocietal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease has prepared and defined a near-exhaustive list of cardiac complications, including intraoperative complications and cardiopulmonary bypass-related complications. These cardiac complications are presented in the following subgroups:1) Cardiac (general)2) Cardiac – Metabolic3) Cardiac – Residual and Recurrent cardiac lesions4) Arrhythmia5) Cardiopulmonary bypass and Mechanical circulatory support, and6) Operative/Procedural.Within each subgroup, complications are presented in alphabetical order. Clinicians caring for patients with congenital cardiac disease will be able to use this list for databases, quality improvement initiatives, reporting of complications, and comparing strategies for treatment.
Farm structural change of a different kind: Alternative dairy farms in Wisconsin—graziers, organic and Amish
Authors: Brock Caroline , Barham Bradford 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough the emergence of large confinement operations out of a system previously dominated by mid-sized confinement has been one major structural trend in Wisconsin dairy farming since the 1990s, a second structural trend has been the significant emergence of moderate-sized dairy farms using alternative management strategies: management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) (25% of Wisconsin's dairy farms), organic production (3%) and Amish farm production practices (5–7%). This paper presents the first systematic and representative comparative study on the structure, behavior and performance of multiple pasture-based dairy farm strategies. Wisconsin is an ideal site for this study given the prevalence of pasture-based farms, yet many of the findings here should be relevant for other traditional dairy states where similar types of alternative farm management systems are also emerging. Divergence with respect to farm strategy has implications for structure, technology and management adoption patterns as well as farmer satisfaction levels. Our findings suggest that alternative dairy farming systems are likely to become more prevalent on the agricultural landscape of Wisconsin.
A constant goal, changing tactics: The Krusenbaum dairy farm (1996–2005)
Authors: Posner Joshua L. , Frank Gary G. , Nordlund Kenneth V. , Schuler Ronald T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis case study documents the trajectory of a successful alternative dairy farm in southeastern Wisconsin. The 1990s were a difficult period for dairying and the Krusenbaum family entered this shifting field in 1990 with a 37-cow Holstein herd in a stanchion barn, 88 tillable hectares and a vision to gradually develop a biodynamic dairy. Low milk prices and the unrelenting workload associated with conventional dairying forced the family to look for alternative strategies. By 1995 they had converted all their land to 47 rotationally grazed paddocks, increased herd size to 70 cows and their annual net farm income had grown to a solid $54,000. The workload remained very heavy, and during the next few years they introduced a swing-16 milking parlor that approximately doubled their milking efficiency and allowed them to again increase herd size, implemented seasonal dairying and constructed an outwintering shed (1997) that greatly facilitated animal management during the winter. By 2002 the farming system had been, by and large, consolidated and by not focusing solely on milk production and crossbreeding with non-Holstein breeds, the herd benefited from improved reproductive vigor. They were then able to synchronize annual calving and the herd's maximum nutritional needs with the spring flush of their pastures, which resulted in lowered purchased feed costs per cow. By this time, annual milk production was fairly constant [around 7400 kg rolling herd average (RHA)], herd health was good and annual net farm income had grown to $75,600. In 2003, the farm became certified organic. With this change the value of the milk increased dramatically from $0.31 liter−1 to $0.45 liter−1 ($14.27–$20.24 per hundredweight), but feed costs climbed sharply due to the high cost of organic feed, as did labor costs due to the decision to train new farmers in grass-based dairying rather than simply hire employees. Due to very sound farm management, good money management and an entrepreneurial philosophy, this farm, by most performance standards, is now both highly profitable and environmentally sound and the families living on it have a good quality of life.
Effects of Age, Gender, Bolus Condition, Viscosity, and Volume on Pharyngeal and Upper Esophageal Sphincter Pressure and Temporal Measurements During Swallowing
Authors: Butler Susan G. , Stuart Andrew , Castell Donald , Russell Gregory B. , Koch Kenneth , Kemp Shannon 
Published: December 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of trial (i.e., Trial 1 vs. Trial 2); viscosity (i.e., saliva, thin, nectar-thick, honey-thick, and pudding-thick water); volume (i.e., 5 mL vs. 10 mL); age (i.e., young vs. older adults); and gender on pharyngeal (i.e., upper and lower) and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressures, durations, and onsets (i.e., onset of upper pharyngeal pressures relative to onsets of UES relaxations and onset of lower relative to upper pharyngeal pressures).MethodTwenty-three young adults (M= 30 years) and 21 older healthy adults (M= 75 years) participated. Measurements were acquired with a 2.1-mm catheter during simultaneous manometric and endoscopic swallowing assessment. Participants contributed 18 swallows, affording a study total of 792 swallows for analyses.ResultsThere was no significant effect of trial on any measurement of pressure, duration, and onset (ps = .63, .39, and .71, respectively). It was found that viscosity, volume, age, and gender affected pressure, duration, and onset measurements (e.g., onset of upper pharyngeal pressures relative to onsets of UES relaxations) but in varying degrees relative to the location in the pharynx or UES and the type of measurement (e.g., pressure, onset).ConclusionsManometric measurements vary with respect to age, gender, and bolus variables and interactions of each. Consideration of these variables is paramount in understanding normal and pathological swallowing if manometry is to develop as a quantitative adjunct to videofluoroscopic and endoscopic swallowing tools.
Comorbidity of Auditory Processing, Language, and Reading Disorders
Authors: Sharma Mridula , Purdy Suzanne C. , Kelly Andrea S. 
Published: December 2008

PurposeThe authors assessed comorbidity of auditory processing disorder (APD), language impairment (LI), and reading disorder (RD) in school-age children.MethodChildren (N= 68) with suspected APD and nonverbal IQ standard scores of 80 or more were assessed using auditory, language, reading, attention, and memory measures. Auditory processing tests included the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT; F. E. Musiek, 1994; D. Noffsinger, R. H. Wilson, & F. E. Musiek, 1994); the Dichotic Digit Test Version 2 (DDT; F. E. Musiek, 1983); the Random Gap Detection Test (R. W. Keith, 2000); the 500-Hz tone Masking Level Difference (V. Aithal, A. Yonovitz, & S. Aithal, 2006); and a monaural low-redundancy speech test (compressed and reverberant words; A. Boothroyd & S. Nittrouer, 1988). The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition (E. Semel, E. Wiig, & W. Secord, 2003) was used to assess language abilities (including auditory memory). Reading accuracy and fluency and phonological awareness abilities were assessed using the Wheldall Assessment of Reading Passages (A. Madelaine & K. Wheldall, 2002) and the Queensland University Inventory of Literacy (B. Dodd, A. Holm, M. Orelemans, & M. McCormick, 1996). Attention was measured using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (J. A. Sandford & A. Turner, 1995).ResultsOf the children, 72% had APD on the basis of these test results. Most of these children (25%) had difficulty with the FPT bilaterally. A further 22% had difficulty with the FPT bilaterally and had right ear deficits for the DDT. About half of the children (47%) had problems in all 3 areas (APD, LI, and RD); these children had the poorest FPT scores. More had APD–RD, or APD–LI, than APD, RD, or LI alone. There were modest correlations between FPT scores and attention and memory, and between DDT scores and memory.ConclusionsLI and RD commonly co-occur with APD. Attention and memory are linked to performance on some auditory processing tasks but only explain a small amount of the variance in scores. Comprehensive assessment across a range of areas is required to characterize the difficulties experienced by children with APD.
Message and Talker Identification in Older Adults: Effects of Task, Distinctiveness of the Talkers' Voices, and Meaningfulness of the Competing Message
Authors: Rossi-Katz Jessica , Arehart Kathryn Hoberg 
Published: December 2008

Purpose
In this study, the authors investigated (a) the effects of task, vocal distinctiveness of the competing talkers, and meaningfulness of the competitor on older listeners' identification of a target in the presence of competition and (b) the factors that are most predictive of the variability in target identification observed among older listeners.

Method
Seventeen older and 5 younger adults identified a target in the presence of a competing message. Identification was measured for 2 target types (message; talker), 3 vocal-distinctiveness levels (same talker; different talkers–same sex; different talkers–different sex), and 2 competitors (meaningful speech; nonmeaningful time-reversed speech). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify variables that were predictive of intersubject variability.

Results
Significant age-related differences were found in the benefit obtained from increasing vocal distinctiveness. Older listeners showed reduced target identification when (a) the competitor was normal speech compared with time-reversed speech and (b) the target was message identification compared with talker identification. Variability among listeners in the older group was partially explained by auditory and cognitive factors.

Conclusion
Age-related declines in multitalker environments are not solely due to lower-level deficits in perceptual organization but are also a consequence of an interaction between lower-level and higher-level processes.
CaM kinase II initiates meiotic spindle depolymerization independently of APC/C activation
Authors: Reber Simone , Over Sabine , Kronja Iva , Gruss Oliver J. 
Published: December 2008

Altered spindle microtubule dynamics at anaphase onset are the basis for chromosome segregation. In Xenopus laevis egg extracts, increasing free calcium levels and subsequently rising calcium-calmodulin–dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activity promote a release from meiosis II arrest and reentry into anaphase. CaMKII induces the activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which destines securin and cyclin B for degradation to allow chromosome separation and mitotic exit.
In this study, we investigated the calcium-dependent signal responsible for microtubule depolymerization at anaphase onset after release from meiotic arrest in Xenopus egg extracts. Using Ran–guanosine triphosphate–mediated microtubule assemblies and quantitative analysis of complete spindles, we demonstrate that CaMKII triggers anaphase microtubule depolymerization. A CaMKII-induced twofold increase in microtubule catastrophe rates can explain reduced microtubule stability. However, calcium or constitutively active CaMKII promotes microtubule destabilization even upon APC/C inhibition and in the presence of high cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity. Therefore, our data demonstrate that CaMKII turns on parallel pathways to activate the APC/C and to induce microtubule depolymerization at meiotic anaphase onset.
Adolescent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma: state of the science
Authors: Hochberg Jessica , Waxman Ian M. , Kelly Kara M. , Morris Erin , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryLymphoma is the most common malignancy among adolescents, accounting for >25% of newly diagnosed cancers in the 15–19 year age group. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for the majority (two‐thirds) of cases, while the remainder of patients have one of four subtypes of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) including primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) or anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Epidemiology, histology, treatment and outcome differ between HL and NHL, as well as among the various subtypes of NHL. Adolescent lymphoma is particularly interesting because it often shares features with both childhood and adult lymphoma. As medical oncologists and paediatric oncologists often follow divergent treatment plans, disagreements may arise between practitioners as to how best treat the adolescent group. Additional complicating factors associated with the adolescent years, such as lack of insurance, issues pertaining to body image, and concerns about fertility, can also hinder prompt, appropriate medical management. This review details the complexities associated with the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent lymphoma and updates the state of the science, with particular emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis, and proper management of HL and the various subtypes of NHL.