bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATES OF SPERM WHALE ABUNDANCE IN THE NORTHEASTERN TEMPERATE PACIFIC FROM A COMBINED ACOUSTIC AND VISUAL SURVEY
Authors: Barlow Jay , Taylor Barbara L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe estimate the abundance of sperm whales in a 7.8 million km2 study area in the eastern temperate North Pacific using data from a ship‐based acoustic and visual line‐transect survey in spring 1997. Sperm whales were detected acoustically using a hydrophone array towed at 15 km/h and 100 m depth. The hydrophone array was towed for 14,500 km, and locations were estimated acoustically for 45 distinct sperm whale groups. Whales producing slow clicks (>2‐s period) were detected at greater distance (up to 37 km), and the estimation of effective strip widths was stratified based on initial click period. Visual survey effort (using 25° binoculars and naked eyes) covered 8,100 km in Beaufort sea states 0–5 and resulted in only eight sightings. The effective strip width for visual detections was estimated from previous surveys conducted using the same methods and similar vessels in the eastern Pacific. Estimated sperm whale abundance in the study area was not significantly different between acoustic (32,100, CV = 0.36) and visual (26,300, CV = 0.81) detection methods. Acoustic techniques substantially increased the number of sperm whales detected on this line‐transect survey by increasing the range of detection and allowing nighttime surveys; however, visual observations were necessary for estimating group size.
THE GUNSHOT SOUND PRODUCED BY MALE NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES (EUBALAENA GLACIALIS) AND ITS POTENTIAL FUNCTION IN REPRODUCTIVE ADVERTISEMENT
Authors: Parks Susan E. , Hamilton Philip K. , Kraus Scott D. , Tyack Peter L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNorth Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) make a short, distinctive broadband sound that is produced internally called a Gunshot sound. This sound has been recorded in the Bay of Fundy, Canada from both single whales (n= 9) and social surface active groups (n=49). Those single whales producing Gunshot sounds whose sex could be determined (n= 9) were all mature males. Gunshot sounds were produced as part of a stereotyped behavioral sequence by these individuals, including frequent head‐lifts and flipper slapping at the surface. In surface active groups, Gunshot sounds were commonly recorded when males were present in the group. The rate of production of Gunshot sounds was weakly correlated with the total number of males present in the group. Given the behavioral context of Gunshot sound production, and production of the sound only by male whales, Gunshots may function in a reproductive context as an advertisement signal to attract females, an agonistic signal directed toward other males, or a combination of the two functions.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE REGIME SHIFT‐“JUNK FOOD”‐NUTRITIONAL STRESS HYPOTHESIS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE WESTERN STOCK OF STELLER SEA LION
Authors: Fritz Lowell W. , Hinckley Sarah 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSteller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the central and western Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Bering Sea have declined by 80% in the last 30 yr. One hypothesis for the decline in this western Steller sea lion population is that a climate regime shift in 1976–1977 changed the species composition of the fish community and reduced the nutritional quality (energy density) of the sea lion prey field. This in turn led to nutritional stress and reduced individual fitness, survival, and reproduction of sea lions. Implications of this regime shift‐“junk food” hypothesis are that (1) the recruitment and abundance of supposed high quality species (e.g., Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi) decreased while those of supposed low quality (e.g., species in the family Gadidae) increased following the regime shift, (2) Steller sea lion diets shifted in response to this change in fish community structure, and (3) a diet composed principally of gadids (e.g., walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma) is detrimental to sea lion fitness and survival. We examine data relating to each of these implications and find little support for the hypothesis that increases in the availability and consumption of gadids following the regime shift are primarily responsible for the decline of the western population of Steller sea lion.
DUGONG (DUGONG DUGON) ABUNDANCE ALONG THE ANDAMAN COAST OF THAILAND
Authors: Hines Ellen M. , Adulyanukosol Kanjana , Duffus David A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn 2000 and 2001, dugong abundance was estimated using aerial surveys in three provinces along the Andaman coast of Thailand. A microlite aircraft was used to fly aerial transects over seagrass areas. All surveys were done during rising tides as the dugongs came to the seagrass beds to feed. The largest population was found in Trang province. In Trang, the total number of sightings during 22 surveys was 264, out of which 31.5% were single dugongs. The largest group seen in 2000 was 30, and in 2001, 53. The maximum number of calves seen in one day was 13. The best minimum estimate of population abundance is 123 animals (CV = 60.8%) in Trang province. Higher numbers of dugong sightings and group sizes corresponded with higher tides until water turbidity impeded sightings after the highest spring tide. In other areas the number of animals seen was too small for population estimates.
Toxicity of PAHs and jelly protection of eggs in the Common frog Rana temporaria
Authors: Marquis Olivier , Guittonneau Sylvie , Millery Annie , Miaud Claude 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are damaging for aquatic organisms such as amphibians. In this study, toxicity of a mixture of three PAHs (naphthalene (2 rings), phenanthrene (3 rings) and pyrene (4 rings)) was tested on Common frog (Rana temporaria) embryos. The protective role of the jelly coat surrounding the eggs was studied by exposing embryos with and without jelly coat to PAHs dissolved in an aqueous solution without organic solvent. Results showed that the mixture of these three PAHs significantly increase embryonic mortality rate after a few hours of exposure. Embryos with jelly coat tend to suffer a lower mortality rate than embryos without jelly. The jelly surrounding eggs is filled by water of the breeding site, which can contain pollutants. Because jelly characteristics vary among species, sensitivity to environmental pollutants and levels of embryonic protection could be different among amphibian species.
New parental care behaviours in two telmatobiine genera from temperate Patagonian forests: Batrachyla and Eupsophus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Úbeda Carmen , Nuñez José 
Published: August 2006

AbstractParental care behaviour is described for the first time for two frog species of Batrachyla and three species of Eupsophus, from the Patagonian forests of Chile and Argentina. Males of Batrachyla species attend to eggs which are hidden under shelters on damp soil. Males of Eupsophus species remain by the clutch, and later on also by the tadpoles, in small aquatic microhabitats in the ground. The fact that some male of Eupsophus were found in advanced stages of weight loss confirms the hypothesis that they remain by the clutch until metamorphosis takes place. The parental care behaviour observed in Eupsophus and Batrachyla complements the reproductive strategy of their species, which have few eggs relatively rich in yolk and conceal the clutch in semi-terrestrial environments, and in Eupsophus, have unpigmented endotrophic tadpoles which remain confined to a dark, aquatic microhabitat until their metamorphosis is complete.
Phylogeography of the genus Blanus (worm lizards) in Iberia and Morocco based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers — preliminary analysis
Authors: Vaconcelos Raquel , Harris D. James , Carretero Miguel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe evolutionary relationships of amphisbaenians of the genus Blanus have long been controversial. Presently two species are recognized for Morocco — Blanus tingitanus and B. mettetali and one for Iberia — B. cinereus. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, 25 samples from Portugal, Spain and Morocco were analysed. Both markers indicate the existence of three well-separated clades: one for the Northern Moroccan samples, corresponding to B. tingitanus and two to the B. cinereus samples. One sample from Taza, Morocco, was identical to specimens from one of the Iberian forms. These results point to the necessity of a systematic revision. These new groups reinforce the need for geographically broader sampling accompanied by morphological studies to fully determine the phylogenetic history of this species complex.
A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from the Guanahacabibes Peninsula of Western Cuba
Authors: Moreno Luis , Hedges S. Blair , Domínguez Michel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTropidophis xanthogaster, new species, is described from Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. It has a grayish-brown or greenish-gray dorsum with eight rows of dark brown spots and a yellow venter which lacks spots on the anterior one-third. It is placed in the pardalis group mainly because of its small size, low number of ventral scales (155-164), eight spot rows, and 23 scale rows at midbody. It differs from its closest relative, T. pardalis, by a combination of color, pattern, and scale differences.
Why do males and females of Python regius differ in ectoparasite load?
Authors: Luiselli Luca 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA recent study of Python regius from Togo (Aubret et al., 2005) has demonstrated that male pythons suffered for a much higher ectoparasite load than the females. The authors hypothesized that these intersexual differences may depend on increased male movements in the mating season relative to females, thus increasing their chances of meeting with ectoparasites. On the other hand, they suggested that differences in habitat use are unlikely to explain this pattern because males and females are found within the same type of burrows. Based on previously published data on food habits of P. regius in Nigeria, as well as on radiotracking data, I showed that males were more arboreal-dwelling than females. I suggest that ectoparasite load differences between sexes depend on a different use of the space, with males being more arboreal than females, and hence collecting ticks from low tree-branches as well as from the ground levels, whereas the same is less true for the females which are infested mainly by the terrestrial ticks.
Assessing the phylogenetic signal of the nuclear β-Fibrinogen intron 7 in salamandrids (Amphibia: Salamandridae)
Authors: Sequeira Fernando , Ferrand Nuno , Harris D. James 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe potential of the seventh intron of the β-subunit of the fibrinogen gene (β-fibint 7) for phylogenetic analysis within the Salamandridae family was explored, comparing the topologies of trees based on this marker to those based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene previously published. Using primers designed specifically for amphibians, we amplified 25 sequences of β-fibint 7 corresponding to 15 species of salamandrids and one plethodontid species. There was considerable length variation among the β-fibint 7 sequences examined, ranging from 1123 bp in S. atra to 400 bp in P. waltl. Many aspects of the phylogenetic relationships estimated by the two independent loci were congruent and corroborate current taxonomic hypothesis. Although the number of taxa analysed is small, the data obtained in this work suggested that β-fibint 7 is a useful marker for assessing phylogenetic relationships within the Salamandridae family, and is probably appropriate for phylogenetic studies among closely related salamanders that have diverged over the last 20 Myr.
Nozzle-Adjuvant Formulation Interactions: Implications on Herbicide Efficacy
Authors: McMullan PM , Thurman S , McManic G , Brigance M 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A series of adjuvants were developed to improve herbicide performance when applied through air induction nozzles. A series of research trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 with clethodim, foramsulfuron, and glyphosate. Efficacy of these herbicides was reduced in over 30 % of all cases when applied through air induction nozzles compared to conventional flatfan nozzles. However, when modified forms of the adjuvants were used, efficacy increased approximately 25 % of cases with glyphosale, 40 % of cases with clethodim, and 90 % of cases with foramsulfuron when using air induction nozzles. A separate series of oil-based adjuvants developed had over 20 % air entrapment whereas conventional oil-based adjuvants had 5 % or less air entrapment when using air induction nozzles. Research conducted in the field in 2005 indicated that these novel formulations may improve herbicide efficacy.
Effect of Dynamic Aircraft Gear Loads on Asphalt Concrete Strain Responses
Authors: Gopalakrishnan K , Thompson MR 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Asphalt strain gauges were installed in both the longitudinal and transverse directions at the Federal Aviation Administration's National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) to measure the load-induced Asphalt Concrete (AC) tensile strains during full-scale traffic testing with a dual-tridem Boeing 777 gear configuration and a dual-tandem Boeing 747 gear configuration. The results are presented for four flexible test sections; two sections with 127 mm of AC and two with 254 mm of AC. An axisymmetric finite element pavement analysis software was used to model the NAPTF flexible test sections and compute the AC strain responses. The measured AC strain magnitudes were significantly influenced by AC temperature variations. Dramatic increase in peak strain responses were observed as the NAPTF flexible test sections approached structural failure. There was a good agreement between the field-measured and computed strains during the early life of the test sections.
Recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein as treatment for steroid refractory graft‐versus‐host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Busca Alessandro , Locatelli Franco , Marmont Filippo , Ceretto Cristina , Falda Michele 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEtanercept is a recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) receptor fusion protein that inhibits TNF‐α, a major mediator in the pathogenesis of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of etanercept therapy in 21 patients with steroid‐refractory acute GVHD (aGVHD) (n = 13) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (n = 8). Etanercept 25 mg was given subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks followed by 25 mg weekly for 4 weeks. At the time of initiation of etanercept, 14 patients had skin, 13 had gastro‐intestinal, 5 had liver, 5 had pulmonary, and 4 had oral involvement. Twelve patients (57%) completed 12 doses of therapy. Overall, 11 of 21 patients (52%) responded to the treatment with etanercept, including 6 patients (46%) with aGVHD [n = 4 complete response (CR), n = 2 partial response (PR)] and 5 patients (62%) with cGVHD (n = 1 CR, n = 4 PR). Clinical responses were most commonly seen in patients with refractory gut aGVHD with 55% of the patients having a CR and 9% having a PR. CMV reactivation occurred in 48% of patients, bacterial infections in 14% of patients, and fungal infections in 19% of patients. Fourteen patients (67%) were alive after a median follow‐up of 429 days (range 71–1007 days) since initiation of etanercept. Seven patients died, 3 of infections, 2 of refractory aGVHD, and 2 of disease progression. In conclusion, our preliminary data indicate that etanercept is well tolerated and can induce a high response rate in patients with steroid‐refractory aGVHD and cGVHD, particularly in the setting of GI involvement. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A kinetic study of lipase‐catalyzed reversible kinetic resolution involving verification at miniplant‐scale
Authors: Berendsen W.R. , Gendrot G. , Freund A. , Reuss M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemates is a popular method for synthesis of chiral synthons. Most of these resolutions are reversible equilibrium limited reactions. For the first time, an extensive kinetic model is proposed for kinetic resolution reactions, which takes into account the full reversibility of the reaction, substrate inhibition by an acyl donor and an acyl acceptor as well as alternative substrate inhibition by each enantiomer. For this purpose, the reversible enantioselective transesterification of (R/S)‐1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol with ethyl acetate catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) is investigated. The detailed model presented here is valid for a wide range of substrate and product concentrations. Following model discrimination and the application of Haldane equations to reduce the degree of freedom in parameter estimation, the 11 free parameters are successfully identified. All parameters are fitted to the complete data set simultaneously. Six types of independent initial rate studies provide a solid data basis for the model. The effect of changes in substrate and product concentration on reaction kinetics is discussed. The developed model is used for simulations to study the behavior of reaction kinetics in a fixed bed reactor. The typical plot of enantiomeric excess versus conversion of substrate and product is evaluated at various initial substrate mixtures. The model is validated by comparison with experimental results obtained with a fixed bed reactor, which is part of a fully automated state‐of‐the‐art miniplant. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of an oil absorber as a strategy to overcome starvation periods in degrading 1,2‐dichloroethane in waste gas
Authors: Koutinas Michalis , Baptista Inês I.R. , Peeva Ludmila G. , Ferreira Jorge Ruben M. , Livingston Andrew G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis work investigates the use of an oil absorber as an operational strategy in vapor phase bioreactors exposed to starvation periods, during the treatment of inhibitory pollutants. After being exposed to 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) starvation periods, the response and stability of a combined oil‐absorber‐bioscrubber (OAB) system was compared to that of a bioscrubber only (BO) system. In the BO system, after a 5.2 days starvation period, the DCE removal efficiency was reduced to 12%, and 6 days were needed to recover the initial removal efficiency when the DCE feed resumed. The total organic discharged (TODDCE) was 16,500 gDCE m after the DCE starvation. Biomass analysis performed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) showed that the microbial activity was significantly reduced during the starvation period and that 5 days were needed to recover the initial activity, after the re‐introduction of DCE. In contrast, the performance of the OAB system was stable during 5.2 days of DCE starvation. The DCE removal efficiency was not affected when the DCE feed resumed and the TODDCE was significantly reduced to 2,850 gDCE m. During starvation, the activity of the microbial culture in the OAB system showed a substantially lower decrease than in the BO system and recovered almost immediately the initial activity after the re‐introduction of DCE. Additionally, a mathematical model describing the performance of the OAB system was developed. The results of this study show that the OAB system can effectively sustain the biological treatment of waste gas during starvation periods of inhibitory pollutants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:673–686. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracellular protein binding to asbestos induces aneuploidy in human lung fibroblasts
Authors: MacCorkle R. A. , Slattery S. D. , Nash D. R. , Brinkley B. R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractExposure to the natural mineral fiber asbestos causes severe lung‐damaging fibrosis and cancer, yet it continues to be used as an industrial insulating material throughout the world. When cultured human lung cells are exposed to asbestos, individual fibers are engulfed into the cytoplasm where they induce significant mitotic aberrations leading to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. The mechanisms of how asbestosis ultimately leads to lung cancer remain unclear. However, our experiments indicate that intracellular asbestos fibers induce aneuploidy and chromosome instability by binding to a subset of proteins that include regulators of the cell cycle, cytoskeleton, and mitotic process. Moreover, precoating of fibers with protein complexes efficiently blocked asbestos‐induced aneuploidy in human lung cells without affecting their uptake by cells. These results provide new evidence that asbestos fibers can contribute to significant spindle damage and chromosomal instability by binding to proteins needed for the assembly and regulation of the cytoskeleton or the cell cycle. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual roles of tropomyosin as an F‐actin stabilizer and a regulator of muscle contraction in Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle
Authors: Yu Robinson , Ono Shoichiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTropomyosin is a well‐characterized regulator of muscle contraction. It also stabilizes actin filaments in a variety of muscle and non‐muscle cells. Although these two functions of tropomyosin could have different impacts on actin cytoskeletal organization, their functional relationship has not been studied in the same experimental system. Here, we investigated how tropomyosin stabilizes actin filaments and how this function is influenced by muscle contraction in Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle. We confirmed the antagonistic role of tropomyosin against UNC‐60B, a muscle‐specific ADF/cofilin isoform, in actin filament organization using multiple UNC‐60B mutant alleles. Tropomyosin was also antagonistic to UNC‐78 (AIP1) in vivo and protected actin filaments from disassembly by UNC‐60B and UNC‐78 in vitro, suggesting that tropomyosin protects actin filaments from the ADF/cofilin‐AIP1 actin disassembly system in muscle cells. A mutation in the myosin heavy chain caused greater reduction in contractility than tropomyosin depletion. However, the myosin mutation showed much weaker suppression of the phenotypes of ADF/cofilin or AIP1 mutants than tropomyosin depletion. These results suggest that muscle contraction has only minor influence on the tropomyosin's protective role against ADF/cofilin and AIP1, and that the two functions of tropomyosin in actin stability and muscle contraction are independent of each other. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient visualization of high‐order finite elements
Authors: Remacle Jean‐François , Chevaugeon Nicolas , Marchandise Émilie , Geuzaine Christophe 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA general method for the post‐processing treatment of high‐order finite element fields is presented. The method applies to general polynomial fields, including discontinuous finite element fields. The technique uses error estimation and h‐refinement to provide an optimal visualization grid. Some filtering is added to the algorithm in order to focus the refinement on a visualization plane or on the computation of one single iso‐zero surface. 2D and 3D examples are provided that illustrate the power of the technique. In addition, schemes and algorithms that are discussed in the paper are readily available as part of an open source project that is developed by the authors, namely Gmsh. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.