bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Systematic Transition Zone Biopsy in the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maeda Hiroshi , Ishitoya Satoshi , Aoki Yoshitaka , Okubo Kazutoshi , Okada Takashi , Maekawa Shinya , Arai Yoichi 
Published: July 2007

Background:We evaluated routine transition zone biopsies for the detection of prostate cancer.Methods:Systematic sextant transrectal biopsies, including 2 systematic transition zone biopsies (sextant biopsy group), were performed on 196 consecutive patients. Biopsies were based on indications from digital rectal examination and/or a serum PSA level greater than 4.0 ng/ml. During the same period, 21 patients with persistently elevated PSA levels and earlier negative systematic biopsies also had the sextant biopsy (re‐biopsy group). The sextant biopsy group was compared with 1 24 cases in our previous cancer detection program who had systematic quadrant biopsies targeted to the peripheral zone (quadrant biopsy group).Results:Between the sextant and quadrant biopsy groups, the difference in rate of cancer detection was not significant statistically. Of the sextant biopsy group, 64 (33%) demonstrated malignancy, including 9 (4.6%) with cancer found exclusively in the peripheral zone and 55 (28%) both in the peripheral and transition zones. No cancer was found exclusively in the transition zone. Of the re‐biopsy group, all 4 cancers (19%) were detected in the transition zone, 2 of them exclusively in the transition zone.Conclusion:Routine transition zone biopsies did not increase the detection rate of prostate cancer. Systematic transition zone biopsies proved useful to the patients with persistently elevated PSA values and negative results in previous systematic peripheral zone biopsies.
Chemotherapy of Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Relationship of Histologic Response to Size Reduction and Changes in Tumor Markers
Authors: Koshida Kiyoshi , Kadono Yoshifumi , Konaka Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Yasuhide , Imao Tetsuya , Kobayashi Tadahiro , Kunimi Kazuto , Uchibayashi Tadao , Namiki Mikio 
Published: July 2007

Background Although testicular germ cell tumor is one of the most curable cancers, approximately 20% of advanced cases remain incurable. In this study we investigate factors that may predict a poor response to standard chemotherapeutic regimens and thus allow earlier initiation of more aggressive measures. Methods We analyzed the records of 19 patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (8 seminomas and 11 nonseminomas). Sixteen patients underwent surgical exploration for residual tumors following chemotherapy, and the histological findings on the resulting specimens were correlated with reductions in tumor size observed on computed tomography and with changes in tumor marker levels. Results Complete necrosis was obtained in 10 of 12 lesions that shrank by at least 80%, while continued existence of teratoma or cancer was confirmed in 9 of 11 lesions with smaller size reductions. An initial human chorionic gonadotropin‐ß subunit (HCG‐ß) level more than 100 times the upper limit of normal appeared to predict poor histological response (teratoma/cancer) to chemotherapy. Slow fall (prolonged half‐life) of tumor markers during chemotherapy also correlated with poor histological response. Conclusion Factors which predict poor histological response of tumors to chemotherapy include size reduction less than 80%, initial HCG‐ß levels more than 100 times the upper limit of normal, and prolonged half‐life of tumor markers (placental alkaline phosphatase, a‐fetoprotein and HCG‐ß).
Public Awareness and Knowledge of Prostate Cancer in Japan: Results of a Survey at Short‐Stay Examination Facilities
Authors: Egawa Shin , Suyama Kazuho , Shitara Toshiya , Uchida Toyoaki , Koshiba Ken 
Published: July 2007

Background:This study was undertaken to determine public awareness and knowledge of prostate cancer, which has not been adequately studied in Japan.Methods:Assessment was made of public awareness and perception of prostate cancer in Japan, based on health examination data for participants in a short‐stay physical examination program (“human dry dock”). A multiple‐choice, thirty‐point questionnaire survey was conducted at 3 human dry dock medical facilities situated in urban areas.Results:Many Japanese adults appeared to be inadequately aware of prostate cancer and of the means available for its early detection. One third of the participants were unfamiliar with this malignancy. Logistic regression analysis indicated smoking to be the only covariate associated with lack of knowledge of prostate cancer (P< 0.05). Seventy‐one percent of the subjects had heard of digital rectal examination, but only 1 6% and 8%, respectively, were familiar with the terms transrectal ultrasonography and PSA testing. Japanese people may possibly be less informed about prostate cancer than African‐American males. Both human dry dock facilities and subject gender were significantly associated with knowledge of digital rectal examination (P<0.05). Knowledge of transrectal ultrasonography was found to depend on participation in human dry dock programs and level of education (P< 0.05). Smoking, participation in human dry dock programs under employer direction, and health status were all identified as determinants for knowledge of PSA testing (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Educational programs should be established and put into effect to instill adequate awareness of prostate cancer in Japan. In a better‐informed society, more effort would be directed toward prevention and thus early stage prostate cancer would be detected more often.
Photoperiod affects estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β and aggressive behavior
Authors: Trainor Brian C. , Rowland Michael R. , Nelson Randy J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEstrogens have important effects on male and female social behavior. Despite growing knowledge of the anatomy and behavioral effects of the two predominant estrogen receptor subtypes in mammals (ERα and ERβ), relatively little is known about how these receptors respond to salient environmental stimuli. Many seasonally breeding species respond to changing photoperiods that predict seasonal changes in resource availability. We characterized the effects of photoperiod on aggressive behavior in two species of Peromyscus that exhibit gonadal regression in short days. P. polionotus (old field mice) were more aggressive than P. maniculatus (deer mice) and both species were more aggressive in short days. We used immunocytochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction to characterize the effects of photoperiod on ERα and ERβ expression. In both species ERα‐immunoreactive staining in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) was increased in short vs. long days. Both species had reduced ERβ‐immunoreactive expression in the posterior BNST in short days. In the medial amygdala ERβ immunoreactivity was increased in long days for both species. Using real‐time polymerase chain reaction on punch samples that included the BNST, we observed that ERα mRNA was increased and ERβ mRNA was decreased in short days. These data suggest that the effects of photoperiod on ERα and ERβ expression may thus have important behavioral consequences.
Structural organization of fibrous connective tissue in the periacinar region of the transitional zone from normal human prostates as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Babinski Márcio A. , Costa Waldemar S. , Sampaio Francisco J.B. , Cardoso Luiz E.M. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVETo analyse, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the organization of stromal fibrous components in the transitional zone (TZ) from normal human prostates; because of its association with disease, greater emphasis was placed upon the periacinar region of the stroma.MATERIALS AND METHODSTZ specimens were obtained from normal prostates during autopsy of six men, aged 18–30 years, who had died from accidents. Tissue was fixed for SEM in a modified Karnovsky solution for 48 h at 4 °C, and to visualize the three‐dimensional organization of the stroma, samples were treated to remove cells.RESULTSIn acellular preparations, narrow fibrous septa formed a dense and supportive scaffold for ducts and acini, and a smooth and homogeneous fibrous sheet, herein identified as pars fibroreticularis, lined the acinar lumen. More internally, fibrous septa had a spongy organization with dense lamellae. Higher magnification showed that the smooth luminal sheet is made of 115–154‐nm thick fibrils in a tight parallel arrangement. Just under this layer there was a meshwork of fibrils 77–115 nm thick that were orientated in less defined directions.CONCLUSIONIn the TZ of the human prostate, dense stromal fibrous components around acini act as a barrier that might enhance local cellular responses and events that occur in disorders such as benign prostatic hyperplasia. The periacinar pars fibroreticularis supports the notion of high structural variability in this region of basement membranes.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Gottschalk Andrew 
Published: July 2007

Book reviews in this article: LABOUR IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: The Migration of Workers in the United Kingdom and the European Community by W. R. Böhning LABOUR IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: Labor Movements in the Common Market Countries by Marguerite Bouvard LABOUR IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: Employment Conditions in Europe by Margaret Stewart TRANSNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: Proceedings of a Symposium held at Geneva by the International Institute for Labour Studies by Hans Günter MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND BRITISH LABOUR: REVIEW OF ATTITUDES AND RESPONSES by John Gennard INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT—A COMPARATIVE LEGAL SURVEY by B. Aaron and K. W. Wedderburn WORKERS PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT IN BRITAIN by R. O. Clarke, D. J. Fatchett and B. C. Roberts DO TRADE UNIONS CAUSE INFLATION? by D. Jackson, H. A. Turner and F. Wilkinson HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS by D. Torrington ORGANISATIONS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE by Cyril Sofer THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF WORK by Michael Argyle
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Gottschalk Andrew 
Published: July 2007

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SERIES, CASSETTE TAPES 1–9 R. W. Rideout PERSONNEL ‐ THE MANAGEMENT OF PEOPLE AT WORK D. S. Beach ASPECTS OF HUMAN EFFICIENCY W. P. Colquhoun ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: Organisation Theory ‐ a Structural and Behavioural Analysis W. G. Scott and T. R. Mitchell ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: Readings in Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance W. E. Scott and L. L. Cummings ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: Communication and Organizational Behaviour W. W. Hanes ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: Human Societies ‐ an introduction to Sociology G. Hurd (editor) THE PUBLIC SECTOR: International Manual on Collective Bargaining for Public Employees S. P. Kaye and A. Marsh (eds.) THE PUBLIC SECTOR: Labour in the Public and Non Profit Sectors D. S. Hamermesh (ed.)b TRADE UNIONS: The Labour Movement in Europe W. Kendall TRADE UNIONS: Trade Union Organisation in Ireland B. Hillery, A. Kelly and A. I. Marsh TRADE UNIONS: Multinational Unions N. Willat MINORITY GROUPS: Discrimination in Labour Markets O. Ashenfelter and A. Rees (eds.) MINORITY GROUPS: Race and Labour in London Transport D. Brooks MINORITY GROUPS: Migrant Workers, Report VII (1) International Labour Office MINORITY GROUPS: Exporting Workers: the Turkish case S. Paine MINORITY GROUPS: Blacks, Union and the E.E.O.C.: a Study of Administrative Futility B. W. Wolkinson HUMAN RESOURCES: Men at Work C. R. Bell HUMAN RESOURCES: Factory and Production Management K. G. Lockyer HUMAN RESOURCES: Production ‐ an international comparison of contemporary manufacturing systems and the changing role of the worker H. B. Maynard HUMAN RESOURCES: Work Organisation: A study of manual work and mass production R. Wild HUMAN RESOURCES: Health at Work W. Gardner and P. Taylor HUMAN RESOURCES: Health and Safety ‐the new law J. Jackson HUMAN RESOURCES: The Hazards of Work: How to Fight Them P. Kinnersley
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Gottschalk Andrew 
Published: July 2007

LAW OF EMPLOYMENT Norman N. Selwyn UNFAIR DISMISSAL CASES John E. McGlyne REFERENCE BOOKS: A Bibliography of the Literature on British and Irish Labour Law B. A. Hepple, J. M. Neeson and Paul O'Higgins REFERENCE BOOKS: I.P.M. Bibliography Part 1 REFERENCE BOOKS: I.P.M. Bibliography Part 2 REFERENCE BOOKS: The Dictionary of Industrial Relations A. I. Marsh and E. O. Evans REFERENCE BOOKS: A Dictionary of Arbitration and its Terms ‐ a concise encyclopedia of peaceful dispute settlement K. Seide THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: Bargaining Without ‐ Boundaries ‐ The Multinational Corporation and International Labour Relations R. J. Flanagan and A. R. Weber THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: Nationalism and the Multinational Enterprise: Legal, Economic and Managerial Aspects M. R. Hahlo, J. G. Smith and R. W. Wright THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: The Multinational Corporation and Social Policy Special reference to General Motors in South Africa R. A. Jackson THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: Managing Multinational Corporations A. V. Phatak THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: The Dictionary of Industrial Relations A. I. Marsh and E. O. Evans THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: A Dictionary of Arbitration and its Terms ‐ a concise encyclopedia of peaceful dispute settlement K. Seide THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY: Bargaining Without ‐ Boundaries ‐ The Multinational Corporation and International Labour Relations R. J. Flanagan and A. R. Weber
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Book reviews in this article: WAGES POLICY IN THE BRITISH COALMINING INDUSTRY J. L. Handy THE MILITANCY OF BRITISH MINERS V. L. Allen BATTERED CHERUB Joe Gormley KING COAL Tony Hall THE DEGRADATION OF WORK?: SKILL, DESKILLING AND THE LABOUR PROCESS Edited by Stephen Wood SOVIET TRADE UNIONS: THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE 1970s Blair A. Ruble BLUE COLLAR WORKERS IN EASTERN EUROPE Jan F. Triska and Charles Gati (eds.) George Allen and Unwin
book reviews
Authors: Reid Stuart 
Published: July 2007

WHITE‐COLLAR PROLETARIAT: DESKILLING AND GENDER IN CLERICAL WORK: Rosemary Crompton and Gareth Jones NEW TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE OF WORK AND SKILLS: Edited by Pauline Marstrand THE FUTURE OF WORK: A GUIDE TO A CHANGING SOCIETY: Charles Handy THE WEALTH OF INFORMATION: A PROFILE OF THE POST‐INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY: Tom Stonier TOWARDS THE FLEXIBLE CRAFTSMAN: Michael Cross MICROPROCESSORS, MANPOWER AND SOCIETY: Edited by Malcolm Warner WORK, EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON WORK AND SOCIETY: Edited by K. Thompson
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Industrial Relations in the Future: Trends and Possibilities in Britain over the next Decade M. Poole, W. Brown, J. Rubery, K. Sisson, R. Tarling and F. Wilkinson Invitation to Industrial Relations T. Keenoy Years of Recovery: British Economic Policy 1945–1951 Alec Cairncross Britain's Economy: The Roots of Stagnation Aubrey Jones Challenges and Choices Facing American Labor Thomas A. Kochan (ed.) The Politics of Safety and Health G. K. Wilson Industrial Relations and New Technology Annette Davies Technological Change, Rationalisation and Industrial Relations O. Jacobi, B. Jessop, H. Kastendiek and M. Regini (eds.)
Book reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl J. 
Published: July 2007

Book reviewed in this article:The Foundation of Management, P D AnthonyManaging New Technology, David Boddy and David BuchananNew Technology and the Office Environment, Hazel ArmourManaging the Labour Process, David Knights and Hugh Wilmott (eds)Managing Organisational Closure, Cynthia HardyRedundancy, Layoffs and Plant Closures: Their Character, Causes and Consequences, Raymond M. Lee (ed)Plant Closings: Power, Politics, and Workers, Lawrence E. RothsteinJack Jones: Union ManThe Evolution of Labor Relations in Japan: Heavy Industry, 1853–1955, Andrew GordonSocial Partnership: The Austrian System of Industrial Relations and Social Insurance, Theodor Tomandi and Karl FuerboeckThe End of Economic Man?, D. MarsdenPay Differentials, J. Donaldson and P. Philby (eds)Monetarism and the Labour Market, Derek Robinson
Subjects' Access to Cognitive Processes: Demand Characteristics and Verbal Report
Authors: ADAIR JOHN G. , SPINNER BARRY 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present paper examines the arguments and data presented by Nisbett and Wilson (1977a; 1977b; Wilson & Nisbett, 1978) relevant to their thesis that subjects do not have access to their own cognitive processes. It is concluded that their review of previous research is selective and incomplete and that the data they present in behalf of their thesis does not withstand a demand characteristics analysis. Furthermore, their use of observer‐subject similarity as evidence of subjects' inability to access cognitive processes makes tests of their hypothesis confounded and, at the same time, reveals limitations in the application of the pre‐inquiry quasi‐control to research on social behavior. Problems with postexperiment questionnaires, such as the demand characteristics of the inquiry procedure are also considered. Although there are difficulties in assessing subjects' cognitive processes, many of these may be overcome through the application of novel techniques and research conducted on more traditional methods. In contrast to the view that subjects have limited access to cognitive processes and that their verbal reports are not valid, it is concluded that subjects' verbalizations are a rich source of psychological data which must be pursued if we are to tap their cognitive processes and are to gain an adequate understanding of human behavior.
The Sense of Society
Authors: SANDELANDS LLOYD E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman society is unique in the animal kingdom in the degree to which it depends upon its members reflective awareness of self and society. Whereas much has been learned about the sense of self, little is known about the sense of society. This paper develops three points about the human sense of society: First, this sense is a feeling of life, what German writers have called Lebensgefuhl. The paper begins by defining feeling as a psychical moment or‘phase’of bodily activity. The paper later develops die idea mat what is felt of society is always an embodiment of its vital form; its social life. Second, die sense of society is a feeling of society, as distinct from a feeling in society and from a feeling of self. The middle third of die paper distinguishes these concepts and links die feeling of society to writings of Freud and Durkheim in which elements of this feeling are found. And third, feelings of society prominently include participation, love, and play. These feelings, which are embodiments of vital social form, are illustrated and discussed in die penultimate section of die paper. Having registered these three points, die paper concludes with a brief summary and discussion of implications for expanding die scope of inquiry in social science.
Is advective heat transport significant at the Dead Sea basin?
Authors: SHALEV E. , LYAKHOVSKY V. , YECHIELI Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn understanding of heat flux is a necessary component in reconstructing tectonic, seismic, and hydrologic models of the Dead Sea basin. Heat may be transferred by both conduction and advection by groundwater. Although the conductive heat flux in Israel has been extensively measured to be approximately 40 mW m−2, there is still a debate about the total heat flux. Recently, the discharge of hot springs along the western Dead Sea shore has been determined to be 107 m3 year−1. Simple calculations show that the heat discharged by groundwater at these hot springs is of the same order of magnitude as the measured conductive heat flux in deep boreholes. Therefore the total heat flux could be significantly higher than 40 mW m−2. However, results of numerical modeling show that the current hot‐spring heat discharge is two orders of magnitude greater than that predicted for steady‐state conditions and can be explained by the rapid recession of the Dead Sea.
Development of auditory selective attention: Event‐related potential measures of channel selection and target detection
Authors: Gomes Hilary , Duff Martin , Barnhardt Jack , Barrett Sophia , Ritter Walter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study, we examined developmental changes in auditory selective attention using both electrophysiological (Nd, P3b) and behavioral measures while two groups of children (9‐ and 12‐year‐olds) and adults were engaged in a two‐channel selective attention task. Channel was determined by frequency (1000 or 2000 Hz). Targets in one condition were shorter than the standards (duration target) and in the other were softer (intensity target). We found that the Nd onset and peak latencies for the children were significantly longer than for the adults. Nd amplitude, however, did not differ between the groups. Further, all groups evidenced P3b to attended targets but not to unattended deviants. Hits, reaction times, and false alarms to unattended deviants continued to evidence improvements through adolescence. Taken together, our data are most consistent with a model of developmental improvement in the speed and efficiency of attention allocation.
Part 1: Treatment of Snial Bait Toxicity in Dogs: Literature Review
Authors: Firth Ava M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryMetaldehyde and methiocarb are two snail baits (molluscicides) which are commonly ingested by dogs and cause rapid onset of severe neurological symptoms. Rapid and appropriate treatment is essential for patient survival. This paper summarizes the literature on treatment of metaldehyde and methiocarb toxicity, based primarily on actual case reports from the past 35 years.There are important differences between metaldehyde and methiocarb in their mechanisms and treatment. Metaldehyde's mechanism is unknown; methiocarb is a carbamate and parasympathomimetic. Pentobarbitone anesthesia and atropine have been the mainstays of treatment in metal‐dehyde and methiocarb toxicity, respectively; their limitations and disadvantages are discussed. Other drugs and aspects of treatment, such as acetylpromazine, diazepam, gastric lavage, and hypetihermia, are also discussed.Clinical signs are similar in both types of toxicity, but treatment may be complicated by the development of hyperthermia and atropine poisoning which also have similar clinical signs.
Coral Snake (Micrurus Fulvius Fulvius) Envenomation In Five Dogs: Present And Earlier Findings
Authors: Kremer Keith A. , Schaer Michael 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to report on five cases of coral snake envenomation in the dog to substantiate earlier findings in four dogs reported previously, and to describe any additional clinical features that have not yet been noted. The combined results from both studies allow for a more accurate projection of the frequency of certain clinical signs. Both groups showed signs of lethargy, lower motor neuron weakness (8 of 9 dogs) and varying hematologic changes with hemolysis and hemoglobinuria occurring most commonly (7 of 9 dogs). Cardiac dysrhythmias were recorded infrequently (2 of 9 dogs). Not reported previously was the presence of a subtle bite wound located on the upper or lower lip of three dogs in the present series. An unexpected finding in this second series was the occurrence of an anaphylactoid reaction in one dog presumably attributed to the antivenin. Close examination of the lip might reveal the site of envenomation (as found in 4 of 9 dogs from both studies). Treatment with coral snake antivenin should be given as early as possible and followed by close observation for signs of anaphylaxis. The results of this study substantiate earlier findings and provide for a larger data base for further reference.