bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute oxygen tension (pO2) in murine fatty and muscle tissue as determined by EPR
Authors: Matsumoto Atsuko , Matsumoto Shingo , Sowers Anastasia L. , Koscielniak Janusz W. , Trigg Nancy J. , Kuppusamy Periannan , Mitchell James B. , Subramanian Sankaran , Krishna Murali C. , Matsumoto Ken‐ichiro 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe absolute partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the mammary gland pad and femoral muscle of female mice was measured using EPR oximetry at 700 MHz. A small quantity of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals was implanted in both mammary and femoral muscle tissue of female C3H mice. Subsequent EPR measurements were carried out 1–30 days after implantation with or without control of core body temperature. The pO2 values in the tissue became stable 2 weeks after implantation of LiPc crystals. The pO2 level was found to be higher in the femoral muscle than in the mammary tissue. However, the pO2 values showed a strong dependence on the core body temperature of the mice. The pO2 values were responsive to carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) breathing even 44–58 days after the implantation of LiPc. The LiPc linewidth was also sensitive to changes in the blood supply even 60 days after implantation of the crystals. This study further validates the use of LiPc crystals and EPR oximetry for long‐term non‐invasive assessment of pO2 levels in tissues, underscores the importance of maintaining normal body core temperature during the measurements, and demonstrates that mammary tissue functions at a lower pO2 level than muscle in female C3H mice. Magn Reson Med, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring T‐lymphocyte trafficking in tumors undergoing immune rejection
Authors: Hu De‐En , Kettunen Mikko I. , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractActivated T cells, isolated from animals that had rejected a tumor (E.G7‐OVA) expressing chicken ovalbumin, were labeled with citrated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles at an intracellular iron concentration of up to 0.5 pg/cell. Injection of these labeled T cells into animals bearing E.G7‐OVA tumors undergoing immune rejection resulted in tumor infiltration of these cells, which was detectable as a heterogeneous decrease in intensity in T2‐weighted MR images. T‐cell infiltration was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections obtained postmortem and was shown to colocalize with iron that had been stained using Prussian blue. Tumor rejection was correlated with the uptake of labeled T cells, since the infiltration of labeled T cells was only observed in those tumors that went on to regress. This technique should assist in the elucidation of those factors that are important in mediating tumor immune rejection. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of strong homonuclear proton coupling on localized 13C detection using PRESS
Authors: Yahya and Atiyah , Allen Peter S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effect of strong homonuclear proton coupling on 13C incorporation measurements by either indirect or direct means was investigated (and illustrated with glutamate) both numerically and experimentally at 3.0 T. In particular, two sequences were considered, each using a proton PRESS sequence for localization. The indirect 13C detection method incorporated the POCE (proton observe carbon edited) technique onto PRESS, and for direct 13C detection a DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer) sequence was appended to the PRESS localization. Both analysis and experiment demonstrate that when strong homonuclear coupling of protons is additional to heteronuclear coupling with 13C spins, the 13C measures derived from either the indirect PRESS‐POCE sequence or the direct‐but‐enhanced PRESS‐DEPT sequence are significantly modified. Specifically, the MR lineshapes of both 13C‐bonded and nonbonded protons are changed during 13C incorporation, giving rise, for example, to a potential cross‐contamination of ≤30% between glutamate 13C3 and 13C4 measures from the PRESS‐POCE indirect method. During direct‐but‐enhanced detection, the DEPT enhancement is reduced for glutamate 13C2, 13C3, and 13C4 but not equally, and the reduction is further exacerbated by proton PRESS localization, which gives rise to enhancements that are strong functions of PRESS TE1 and TE2. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of optimized transmit arrays and some receive array reconstruction methods can yield homogeneous images at very high frequencies
Authors: Collins Christopher M. , Liu Wanzhan , Swift Bryan J. , Smith Michael B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractImage inhomogeneity related to high radiofrequencies is one of the major challenges for high field imaging. This inhomogeneity can be thought of as having 2 radiofrequency‐field related contributors: the transmit field distribution and the reception field distribution. Adjusting magnitude and phase of currents in elements of a transmit array can significantly improve flip angle homogeneity at high field. Effective application of some well‐known parallel imaging and other receive array post‐processing methods removes receptivity patterns from the intensity distribution in the final image, though noise then becomes a function of position in the final image. Here simulations are used to show that, assuming high signal‐to‐noise ratio, very homogeneous images in the human head can be acquired with the combination of transmit arrays and some receive array reconstruction methods at frequencies as high as 600 MHz. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fully automated shim mapping method for spectroscopic imaging of the mouse brain at 9.4 T
Authors: Miyasaka Naoyuki , Takahashi Kan , Hetherington Hoby P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor spectroscopic imaging studies of the mouse brain, it is critical to obtain optimal B0 homogeneity over a large region of interest (ROI). In this paper, a fully automated shimming method for mouse brain at 9.4 T, based on B0 mapping, is described. B0 maps were obtained using a multislice gradient echo sequence with multiple phase evolution time delays with a novel unwrapping scheme. The unwrapping method allows phase maps with large bandwidths (±1 kHz) but with high resolution (0.3 Hz/°) to be acquired in a single acquisition, thereby minimizing the number of iterations required. The SD of the B0 over the ROI (8 × 5 × 1 mm) was less than 10 Hz after shimming. Application of this method to the in vivo mouse brain allowed reproducible, high‐quality spectroscopic data to be collected with 1‐μl voxels. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conduction velocity distribution in neurologically well‐recovered but fatigued Guillain–Barré syndrome patients
Authors: Garssen Marcel P. J. , Blok Joleen H. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Visser Gerhard H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMany patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) suffer from excessive fatigue. To assess whether this fatigue might be related to changes in slow‐conducting nerve fibers, we determined the conduction velocity distribution (CVD) in the median nerve. Thirteen fatigued but neurologically well‐recovered GBS patients, 2 fatigued and stable CIDP patients, and 19 healthy controls participated in this study. Conventional maximal nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) did not show differences between GBS patients and healthy controls. However, in both GBS and CIDP patients the CVD was altered, showing significant narrowing of the velocity distribution with loss of the fastest‐ and slowest‐conducting fibers. These changes were most pronounced in the subgroup of patients with the lowest fatigue scores. We therefore conclude that the observed CVD changes in patients are not likely to contribute to persisting complaints of fatigue after GBS. Muscle Nerve 2006
Effects of changing wrist positions on finger flexor hypertonia in stroke survivors
Authors: Li Sheng , Kamper Derek G. , Rymer William Zev 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe sought to establish whether spastic hypertonia results from changes in intrinsic muscle properties or from altered stretch reflex properties. We hypothesized that finger flexor spastic hypertonia is primarily of neural origin, and that the dynamics of spastic muscle responses to stretch should therefore reflect the dynamics of muscle spindle receptor responses. In 12 stroke survivors, we recorded torque and electromyographic (EMG) responses of extrinsic finger flexors to constant‐velocity rotation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the affected hand, over a range of initial muscle lengths. Stretch velocity was set to 6°, 50°, 150°, or 300° per second. Muscle length changes were imposed by changing wrist angle between 0°, 25°, and 50° of flexion. We found that reflex torque and EMG responses exhibited both velocity and length dependence, and there were significant interactions between velocity and length, replicating known characteristics of muscle spindle receptors. Our results support the hypothesis that finger flexor hypertonia is primarily of neural origin, and that it accurately reflects spindle receptor firing properties. Muscle Nerve 2006
Electromyographic studies in mdx and wild‐type C57 mice
Authors: Han Jay J. , Carter Gregory T. , Ra Jennifer J. , Abresch R. Ted , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have been well‐described. However, to our knowledge, no prior needle electromyographic (EMG) studies of motor unit morphology have been undertaken in muscles from the mdx mouse, an animal that is genetically homologous to DMD. There are significant phenotypic differences between the human and murine dystrophic conditions, bringing into question whether the mdx mouse is an appropriate animal model for DMD. This study was done in order to characterize the EMG findings in mdx mice, compared to normal wild‐type mice, and to assess for similarities to DMD. The tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius/soleus muscles from 34 mice (16 C57 wild‐type and 18 mdx), divided into four age groups (3, 12, 18, and 24 months), were examined. Wild‐type muscles showed normal insertional activity and no abnormal activity at rest. Motor unit action potential (MUAP) parameters were characterized. In contrast to wild‐type muscles, mdx muscles showed increased insertional activity, abnormal spontaneous potentials, and the presence of complex repetitive discharges (CRDs). MUAPs showed increased numbers of phases (4.0 ± 0.6, P < 0.001) and duration (7.1 ± 1.2 ms, P < 0.02), as well as late components (15%). These EMG data indicate that mdx muscles display EMG characteristics similar to those found in muscles from boys with DMD, lending credence to the mdx mouse as an animal model for this disease. The data obtained in this study indicate a potential role for EMG as an in vivo, objective measurement tool that could be used longitudinally to monitor the effects of therapeutic interventions in mdx mice. This is important as there are few objective measures of muscle function in murine models that do not require killing the animal. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Short‐ or long‐term effects of adult myoblast transfer on properties of reinnervated skeletal muscles
Authors: Coulet Bertrand , Lacombe Fabien , Lazerges Cyril , Daussin Paul‐André , Rossano Bernadette , Micallef Jean‐Paul , Chammas Michel , Reyne Yves , Bacou Francis 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSkeletal muscle demonstrates a force deficit after repair of injured peripheral nerves. Data from the literature indicate that myoblast transfer enhances recovery of muscle function. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that transfer of adult myoblasts improves the properties of reinnervated rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in both the short term (4 months) and long term (14 months). Two months after transection and immediate suture of the common peroneal nerve, TA muscles were made to degenerate by cardiotoxin injection and then transplanted with adult myoblasts cultured for 13 days. Under these conditions, muscles studied at 4 months were heavier, contained larger fibers, and developed a significantly higher maximal force than muscles that had only been denervated–reinnervated. In the long term, although muscles made to degenerate were heavier and developed a significantly higher maximal force than denervated–reinnervated muscles, myoblast transfer failed to improve these parameters. However, the overall characteristics of long‐term operated muscles tended clearly to approach those of the controls. Taken together, these results may have significant implications in certain orthopedic contexts, particularly after immediate or delayed muscle reinnervation. Muscle Nerve, 2006
MLS‐based variable‐node elements compatible with quadratic interpolation. Part II: application for finite crack element
Authors: Cho Young‐Sam , Im Seyoung 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTwo‐dimensional finite ‘crack’ elements for simulation of propagating cracks are developed using the moving least‐square (MLS) approximation. The mapping from the parental domain to the physical element domain is implicitly obtained from MLS approximation, with the shape functions and their derivatives calculated and saved only at the numerical integration points. The MLS‐based variable‐node elements are extended to construct the crack elements, which allow the discontinuity of crack faces and the crack‐tip singularity. The accuracy of the crack elements is checked by calculating the stress intensity factor under mode I loading. The crack elements turn out to be very efficient and accurate for simulating crack propagations, only with the minimal amount of element adjustment and node addition as the crack tip moves. Numerical results and comparison to the results from other works demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present scheme for the crack elements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two implementations of IRK integrators for real‐time multibody dynamics
Authors: Dopico D. , Lugris U. , Gonzalez M. , Cuadrado J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecently, several authors have proposed the use of implicit Runge–Kutta (IRK) integrators for the dynamics of multibody systems. On the other hand, Newmark‐type or structural integrators have shown to be appropriate when real‐time performance is demanded in that field. Therefore, the following question arises: might the IRK integrators be suitable for real‐time purposes? And, provided the answer is positive: might they be preferable to the Newmark‐type family?This paper reports an investigation which has been conducted by the authors in order to get insight into the two questions formulated above. Since, based on previous experiences, it can be suspected that the performance of the integrators may be dependent on the type of dynamic formulation applied, the following three formulations have been considered for the study: a global penalty formulation in dependent natural co‐ordinates (many constraints), a topological semi‐recursive penalty formulation in dependent relative co‐ordinates (few constraints), and a topological semi‐recursive formulation in independent relative co‐ordinates (no constraints).As representative of the IRK family, a two‐stage SDIRK integrator has been selected due to its low associated computational burden, while, on the side of the structural integrators, the trapezoidal rule has been chosen. Two alternative implementations have been proposed to combine the dynamic formulations and the SDIRK integrator.A very demanding maneuver of the whole model of a vehicle has been simulated through all the possible combinations dynamic‐formulation/integrator, for different time‐steps. Conclusions have been drawn based on the obtained results, which provide some practical criteria for those interested in achieving real‐time performance for large and complex multibody systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of hybrid axisymmetric elements based on the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle
Authors: Jog C. S. , Annabattula R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe present a general procedure for the development of hybrid axisymmetric elements based on the Hellinger–Reissner principle within the context of linear elasticity. Similar to planar elements, the stress interpolation is obtained by an identification of the zero‐energy modes. We illustrate our procedure by designing a lower‐order (four‐node) and a higher‐order (nine‐node) element. Both elements are of correct rank, and moreover use the minimum number of stress parameters, namely seven and 17. Several examples are presented to show the excellent performance of both elements under various demanding situations such as when the material is almost incompressible, when the thickness to radius ratio is very small, etc. When the variation of the field variables is along the radial direction alone, when the mesh is uniform, and the loading is of pressure type, the developed elements are superconvergent, i.e. they yield the exact nodal displacement values. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on superabsorbent composite. V. Synthesis, swelling behaviors and application of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)/sodium humate/attapulgite superabsorbent composite
Authors: Zhang Jun Ping , Li An , Wang Ai Qin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA novel multifunctional superabsorbent composite from acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), sodium humate (SH) and attapulgite (APT), PAA‐AM/SH/APT, was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization, using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. In this paper, not only the effects of the ratio of AA to AM, SH and APT content on the saturated water absorbency, but also various swelling behaviors of the composite were systematically investigated. The results show that comprehensive performances of the superabsorbent are improved by introducing functional components into a poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide) (PAA‐AM) network. Functionality of the composite in practice was also investigated by studying the release of SH and by growing Elymus dahuricus Turcz (a kind of grass) plants in soil with and without using the superabsorbent composite. The roots and stems of Elymus dahuricus Turcz were found to be sturdier compared with the plants grown without the superabsorbent composite. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Germ cell lineage differentiation in non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours
Authors: Honecker Friedemann , Stoop Hans , Mayer Frank , Bokemeyer Carsten , Castrillon Diego H , Lau Yun‐Fai Chris , Looijenga Leendert H J , Oosterhuis J Wolter 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHuman germ cell tumours (GCTs) have long fascinated investigators for a number of reasons. Being pluripotential tumours, they can differentiate into both extra‐embryonic and embryonic (somatic) tissues. However, it has never been shown convincingly that, in humans, these tumours are truly totipotent and can also give rise to the germ lineage, the third major differentiation lineage occurring early during embryonic life. Using a number of newly available, distinct, immunohistochemical markers, such as OCT3/4, VASA and TSPY, the occurrence of germ cells was investigated in a number of germ cell tumours. Development of germ cells was identified in three independent non‐seminomas, including two pure yolk sac tumours and one mixed tumour composed of yolk sac tumour and immature teratoma. Our finding indicates a previously unknown totipotent potential of human GCTs and raises the question of whether, under certain culture conditions, primordial germ cells could be derived from human GCT cell lines. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron‐free neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis in Wistar rats fed a diet high in iron
Authors: Asare George A , Paterson Alan C , Kew Michael C , Khan Shehnaz , Mossanda Kensese S 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAlthough excess hepatic iron in hereditary haemochromatosis and dietary iron overload in the African causes hepatocellular carcinoma, it usually does so in the presence of cirrhosis. A direct hepatocarcinogenic effect of iron has not been proved. Moreover, an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by iron overload has not been available. The aim of this study was to develop such a model and to use it to ascertain whether excess hepatic iron is directly hepatocarcinogenic. Sixty Wistar albino rats were fed a chow diet and 60 the same diet supplemented initially with 2% carbonyl iron for 12 months, followed by 0.5% ferrocene for 20 months. Five rats from each group were sacrificed every 4 months for 24 months for histological and biochemical monitoring. By 16 months, hepatocytes in all the rats receiving the iron‐supplemented diet showed grade 4 iron overload, comparable in degree with that seen in patients with advanced hereditary haemochromatosis and dietary iron overload. Altered hepatic foci and pre‐neoplastic nodules were first seen at 16 months. These increased in size and number with time, were iron‐free, stained positively with placental glutathione sulphydryl transferase, and showed the same histological features as the iron‐free foci described in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicating hereditary haemochromatosis. At 32 months the eight surviving rats in the iron overloaded group were sacrificed. The livers of five of these rats contained pre‐neoplastic nodules and one showed, in addition, an iron‐free, well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumour stained positively for placental glutathione sulphydryl transferase. Neither cirrhosis nor portal fibrosis was present in this or any iron‐loaded animal. We conclude that hepatocellular carcinoma may complicate dietary hepatic iron overload in Wistar albino rats in the absence of fibrosis or cirrhosis, confirming an aetiological association between dietary iron overload and the tumour and suggesting that iron may be directly hepatocarcinogenic. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of metalloproteinases MMP‐9 and MT1‐MMP in CXCL12‐promoted myeloma cell invasion across basement membranes
Authors: Parmo‐Cabañas Marisa , Molina‐Ortiz Isabel , Matías‐Román Salomón , García‐Bernal David , Carvajal‐Vergara Xonia , Valle Inmaculada , Pandiella Atanasio , Arroyo Alicia G , Teixidó Joaquin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMalignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma home to the bone marrow (BM), accumulate in different niches and, in late disease, migrate from the BM into blood. These migratory events involve cell trafficking across extracellular matrix (ECM)‐rich basement membranes and interstitial tissues. Metalloproteinases (MMP) degrade ECM and facilitate tumour cell invasion. The chemokine CXCL12 is expressed in the BM, and it was previously shown that it triggers myeloma cell migration and activation. In the present work we show that CXCL12 promotes myeloma cell invasion across Matrigel‐reconstituted basement membranes and type I collagen gels. MMP‐9 activity was required for invasion through Matrigel towards CXCL12, whereas TIMP‐1, a MMP‐9 inhibitor that we found to be expressed by myeloma and BM stromal cells, impaired the invasion. In addition, we show that the membrane‐bound MT1‐MMP metalloproteinase is expressed by myeloma cells and contributes to CXCL12‐promoted myeloma cell invasion across Matrigel. Increase in MT1‐MMP expression, as well as induction of its membrane polarization by CXCL12 in myeloma cells, might represent potential mechanisms contributing to this invasion. CXCL12‐promoted invasion across type I collagen involved metalloproteinases different from MT1‐MMP. These data indicate that CXCL12 could contribute to myeloma cell trafficking in the BM involving MMP‐9 and MT1‐MMP activities. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.