bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of in vitro exposure to hay dust on expression of interleukin-17, -23, -8, and -1β and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 by pulmonary mononuclear cells isolated from horses chronically affected with recurrent airway disease
Authors: Ainsworth Dorothy M. , Wagner Bettina , Erb Hollis N. , Young Jean C. , Retallick Danielle E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Objective—To examine effects of in vitro exposure to solutions of hay dust, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or β-glucan on cytokine expression in pulmonary mononuclear cells isolated from healthy horses and horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).
Animals—8 RAO-affected and 7 control horses (experiment 1) and 6 of the RAO-affected and 5 of the control horses (experiment 2).
Procedures—Bronchoalveolar lavage cells were isolated from horses that had been stabled and fed dusty hay for 14 days. Pulmonary mononuclear cells were incubated for 24 (experiment 1) or 6 (experiment 2) hours with PBS solution or solutions of hay dust, β-glucan, or LPS. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23(p19 and p40 subunits), IL-8, IL-1β, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) was measured with a kinetic PCR assay.
Results—Treatment with the highest concentration of hay dust solution for 6 or 24 hours increased expression of IL-23(p19 and p40), IL-8, and IL-1β in cells from both groups of horses and increased early expression of IL-17 and CXCL2 in RAO-affected horses. Lipopolysaccharide upregulated early expression of IL-23(p40) and IL-8 in cells from both groups of horses but only late expression of these cytokines in cells from RAO-affected horses. Treatment with β-glucan failed to increase cytokine expression at 6 or 24 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cells from RAO-affected horses were not more responsive to the ligands tested than were cells from control horses, which suggests a minimal role of mononuclear cells in propagation of airway neutrophilia in horses with chronic RAO.
Altered expression of versican and hyaluronan in melanocytic tumors of dogs
Authors: Docampo María-José , Rabanal Rosa M. , Miquel-Serra Laia , Hernández Daniel , Domenzain Clelia , Bassols Anna 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Objective—To analyze the expression of versican and hyaluronan in melanocytomas and malignant melanomas of dogs, to correlate their expression with expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44, and to identify enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan in canine dermal fibroblasts and canine melanoma cell lines.
Sample Population—35 biopsy specimens from melanocytic tumors of dogs, canine primary dermal fibroblasts, and 3 canine melanoma cell lines.
Procedures—Versican, hyaluronan, and CD44 were detected in tumor samples by use of histochemical or immunohistochemical methods. Expression of hyaluronan-metabolizing enzymes was analyzed with a reverse transcriptase–PCR assay.
Results—Versican was found only in some hair follicles and around some blood vessels in normal canine skin, whereas hyaluronan was primarily found within the dermis. Hyaluronan was found in connective tissue of the oral mucosa. Versican and, to a lesser extent, hyaluronan were significantly overexpressed in malignant melanomas, compared with expression in melanocytomas. No significant difference was found between malignant tumors from oral or cutaneous origin. The expression of both molecules was correlated, but hyaluronan had a more extensive distribution than versican. Versican and hyaluronan were mainly associated with tumor stroma. Canine fibroblasts and melanoma cell lines expressed hyaluronan synthase 2 and 3 (but not 1) and hyaluronidase 1 and 2.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Versican may be useful as a diagnostic marker for melanocytic tumors in dogs. Knowledge of the enzymes involved in hyaluronan metabolism could reveal new potential therapeutic targets.
Effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves
Authors: Nouri Mohammad , Constable Peter D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves.
Animals—8 male Holstein-Friesian calves < 35 days old.
Procedures—Calves received each of 4 treatments in random order (2 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, IM [control treatment]; erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg, IM; tilmicosin, 10 mg/kg, SC; and tylosin, 17.6 mg/kg, IM). Calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg) 30 minutes later. Jugular venous blood samples and transabdominal ultrasonographic abomasal dimensions were obtained periodically after suckling. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed on the basis of the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration and ultrasonographic determination of the halftime of abomasal emptying. One-tailed Dunnett post tests were conducted whenever the F value for group was significant.
Results—Emptying rate was faster for erythromycin, tilimicosin, and tylosin than for the control treatment, as determined on the basis of time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. Ultrasonography indicated that the half-time of abomasal emptying was significantly shorter for erythromycin than for the control treatment. Tylosin and tilmicosin accelerated the abomasal emptying rate, but not significantly, relative to the emptying rate for the control treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin at the label dosage increased abomasal emptying rate in calves. The clinical importance of an increase in abomasal emptying rate in cattle remains to be determined.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Uterine and Peripheral Blood Tested with An Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and A Radio‐Immuno Assay in Cases of Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Steier Johan Arnt , Sandvei Roar , Myking Ole L. 
Published: December 2007

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was analysed by a hCG‐β‐subunit radio‐immunoassay (hCG‐β‐Ria) and a rapid serum test in uterine and peripheral blood in 29 cases of spontaneous abortion. The levels of hCG were significantly higher in uterine than in peripheral blood. The rapid serum test was correctly positive in all 29 samples of uterine and in 28 of peripheral blood.In cases of spontaneous abortion the concentration of hCG is usually higher in blood from the uterus than in blood from an antecubital vein (1). This study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of a rapid hCG test compared with a Ria method in uterine and peripheral maternal blood in cases suspected of early spontaneous miscarriage.
A pore‐flow‐through membrane reactor for partial hydrogenation of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene
Authors: Schmidt A. , Wolf A. , Warsitz R. , Dittmeyer R. , Urbanczyk D. , Voigt I. , Fischer G. , Schomäcker R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe partial hydrogenation of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene was performed in a pore‐flow‐through membrane reactor at 50°C and 1 MPa hydrogen pressure with single capillary membranes and a bundle of 27 capillaries for scale‐up studies. A preparation method for the catalytically active membranes and their characterization are described. Compared to millimeter‐sized spherical catalyst pellets in fixed‐bed or slurry reactors, mass transfer limitations could be successfully reduced in the membrane reactor. The conversion rate of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene in the membrane reactor was mainly affected by the Pd amount and the mass flow rate of the reaction mixture through the membrane. Under optimum conditions a selectivity of 95% for cyclooctene at complete conversion of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene was obtained. This value corresponds to the selectivity obtained with a powder catalyst with a particle size of approx. 25 μm in a slurry reactor for which microkinetic control of the reaction is expected to result in the highest possible selectivity. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Tailored binding and transport parameters of molecularly imprinted films via macromolecular structure: The rational design of recognitive polymers
Authors: Noss K. RyAnne , Vaughan Asa D. , Byrne Mark E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTestosterone recognitive networks were synthesized varying feed crosslinking percentage and length of bifunctional crosslinking agent to analyze the effect of manipulating structural parameters on template binding parameters such as affinity, capacity, selectivity, and transport. Crosslinking agent was varied from 50 to 90% and associated networks experienced a twofold increase in capacity and a fourfold increase in affinity, with equilibrium association constants ranging from 0.30 ± 0.02 × 104 M−1 to 1.3 ± 0.1 × 104 M−1, respectively. The higher concentration of crosslinking monomer increased crosslinking points available for interchain stabilization creating an increased number of stable cavities for template association. However, by increasing the length of crosslinking agent ≈ 4.5 times, the mesh size of the network increased resulting in 40% faster template diffusional transport. A 77% crosslinked poly(MAA‐co‐PEG200DMA) recognitive network had an association constant of (0.20 ± 0.05) × 104 M−1 and bound (0.72 ± 0.04) × 10−2 mmol testosterone/g dry polymer which was less by six and threefold, respectively, compared to a similarly crosslinked poly(MAA‐co‐EGDMA) recognitive network. Structural manipulation of the macromolecular architecture illustrates the programmability of recognitive networks for specific binding parameters and diffusional transport, which may lead to enhanced imprinted sensor materials and successful integration onto sensor platforms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis, characterization of novel dihydrazide containing polyurethanes based on N1,N2‐bis[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]ethanedihydrazide and various diisocyanates
Authors: Raghu A. V. , Jeong Han Mo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFour novel types of polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared from N1,N2‐bis[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]ethanedihydrazide with two aromatic diisocyanates (4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and tolylene 2,4‐diisocyanate) and two aliphatic diisocyanates (isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate). The chemical structure of both diol and PUs was confirmed by UV–vis, fluoroscence, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. DSC data show that PUs have multiple endotherm peak. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the PUs contained semicrystalline and amorphous regions that varied with the nature of the backbone structures. PUs were soluble in polar aprotic solvents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
An ultrastructural characterization of the newly generated cells in the adult monkey dentate gyrus
Authors: Ngwenya Laura B. , Rosene Douglas L. , Peters Alan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecent studies of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus have focused on the maturational sequence and on the identification of the neural stem cell in the adult brain. Ultrastructural verification of cell type and marker expression has become increasingly important in this research, yet no standards exist for the identification of adult generated cells in the hippocampus. In this study, six adult rhesus monkeys were used, four of which were given an injection of the DNA‐synthesis phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and perfused 2 days, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks later. The ultrastructural features of BrdU labeled cells in the dentate gyrus were determined. The characteristics of the different types of BrdU labeled cells were then used to find similar, but unlabeled, immature cells in tissue routinely prepared for electron microscopy. This enabled optimal characterization of the ultrastructural features of the newly generated cells. The results demonstrate that immature neurons, immature astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can be reliably distinguished by ultrastructural features, without immunohistochemical processing. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetics and ecology of sympatric speciation: A case study
Authors: Bush Guy L. , Smith James J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMating occurs on the larval host plant in all Rhagoletis species (Diptera: Tephritidae). We show how this attribute, when coupled with certain differences in other biological traits, strongly influences the mode of speciation. In species of the suavis species group, host shifts have never occurred during speciation, and larvae feed in the husks of any walnut species (Juglans spp.), which are highly toxic. Taxa are allopatric or parapatric and exhibit deep phylogenetic nodes suggesting relatively ancient speciation events. Traits responsible for species and mate recognition, particularly in parapatric species, are morphologically distinct and strongly sexually dimorphic. All aspects of their biology, genetics and distribution are consistent with a slow rate of allopatric speciation followed by morphological divergence in secondary contact. In contrast, speciation in the pomonella species group has always involved a shift to a new, usually unrelated, non‐toxic host, and all taxa within these groups are sympatric, monophagous and morphologically indistinguishable from one another. Phylogenetic nodes are very shallow, indicating recent sympatric speciation. Sympatric divergence is promoted by genetic variation which allows a portion of the original species to shift to a new habitat or host. Evidence suggests that changes in a few key loci responsible for host selection and fitness on a new host may initiate host shifts. By exploiting different habitats, competition for resources between diverging populations is reduced or avoided. We provide evidence that in phytophagous and parasitic insects sufficient intrinsic barriers to gene flow can evolve between sister populations as they adapt to different habitats or hosts to allow each population to establish independent evolutionary lineages in sympatry.
More highly female‐biased sex ratio in the fig wasp, Blastophaga nipponica Grandi (Agaonidae)
Authors: Kinoshita Motoaki , Kasuya Eiiti , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe sex ratio of the pollinator fig wasp, Blastophaga nipponica Grandi (Agaonidae), was examined in an experiment manipulating the number of foundresses. The sex ratio of B. nipponica was conditional on the number of foundresses and corresponded to the qualitative prediction of the local mate competition (LMC) theory that the proportion of males increases as foundress number increases. However, the sex ratio of B. nipponica was consistently more female‐biased than predicted by extended LMC theories that incorporated effects of inbreeding, and these deviations were statistically significant. Plausible factors that would make predictions more female‐biased are discussed.
Microhabitat size distribution affects local difference in community structure: Metazoan communities in treeholes
Authors: Sota Teiji 
Published: December 2007

AbstractI studied the effect of treehole (microhabitat) size distribution in local habitats on geographic difference in aquatic metazoan community structure by comparing differences between two sites on Iriomote Island, and between Iriomote Island (subtropical) and Tsushima Island (temperate), in southwestern Japan. In treeholes at each local site, the amount of litter, the species richness and total biomass of metazoa were positively correlated with treehole capacity. Between the two sites on Iriomote Island (Shirahama and Komi), the amount of litter, biomass and species number per treehole was greater at Komi where the mean and variance of treehole size were greater, while the dependencies of these parameters on treehole capacity were common to both sites. Total species number was larger at Komi (2 predators and 20 saprophages) than at Shirahama (1 predator and 19 saprophages). Most of the dominant taxa colonized larger treeholes with higher probabilities, although one taxa showed the opposite trend. Treeholes on Tsushima were smaller than those on Iriomote. The metazoan fauna in treeholes consisted of 15 saprophages on Tsushima, being less richer than that on Iriomote Island which had 2 predators and 21 saprophages. However, the dependencies of litter amount and biomass on treehole capacity did not differ significantly between the islands, although treeholes on Iriomote harbored a greater number of species per treehole than those on Tsushima. This study indicated that there are general correlates between community structure within individual treeholes (infracommunity structure) and treehole capacity (microhabitat size). Therefore, microhabitat‐size distribution is potentially a significant constraint of local community structure, and its variation may contribute to the variation in local and regional species richness.
Observing differences between healthy and unhealthy adolescent romantic relationships: Substance abuse and interpersonal process
Authors: Florsheim Paul , Moore David R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTPrevious research on adolescent romantic relationships has been largely based on self‐reports and interview data; as a result, relatively little is known about the interpersonal‐behavioral dynamics of adolescent couples. In an attempt to address this gap in the previous literature on young couples, the present study used observational methods to differentiate between healthy and dysfunctional adolescent romantic relationships. Two groups of adolescent couples were recruited to participate in this study: (1) a high‐risk group (n=18 couples) in which one or both partners had a substance use disorder (SUD) and (2) a low‐risk group (n=12 couples) in which neither partner had a history of psychopathology. Self‐report and observational data on couples’ relationships were collected from both groups. Couples’ observed conflict interactions were coded using the structural analysis of social behavior [Florsheim, P., & Benjamin, L. S. (2001). The structural analysis of social behavior observational coding scheme. In P. K. Kerig, & M. Lindahl (Eds.), Family observational coding schemes: Resources for systemic research (pp. 127–150). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. Findings indicated that, compared to couples with no psychopathology, couples in the SUD group engaged in significantly more hostile and less warm behavior, as well as more complex communication involving a mix of hostility and warmth. Self‐reported relational quality did not differentiate the two groups, highlighting the unique contributions of observational data for understanding the clinically relevant dynamics of adolescent romantic relationships.
The Adolescent Coping Process Interview: Measuring temporal and affective components of adolescent responses to peer stress
Authors: Feagans Gould Laura , Hussong Andrea M. , Keeley Mary L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe way in which adolescents cope with stressors in their lives has been established as an important correlate of adjustment. While most theoretical models of coping entail unfolding transactions between coping strategies and emotional arousal, the majority of coping measures tap only trait‐level coping styles, ignoring both temporal and affective components of the coping process. The current study fills this gap by establishing the psychometric properties of a newly developed measure, the Adolescent Coping Process Interview (ACPI), that is more in line with transactional and developmental models of coping. Results indicate that the ACPI displays good psychometric properties, captures significant intra‐individual variability in coping over the process, and points to emotional arousal as informing several coping‐adjustment relationships. Moreover, the ACPI and similar approaches may help promote the development of more adaptive patterns of coping in adolescents by helping to identify specific points within the coping process at which to intervene.
The Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study: 3-year results of antipsychotic treatment discontinuation and related clinical factors in Spain
Authors: Ciudad Antonio , Haro Josep María , Alonso Jordi , Bousoño Manuel , Suárez David , Novick Diego , Gilaberte Inmaculada 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIntroductionThis article presents the long-term results in terms of antipsychotic medication maintenance and factors influencing it in a representative sample of patients with schizophrenia recruited in the SOHO study within Spain.MethodsThe SOHO was a prospective, 3-year observational study of the outcomes of schizophrenia treatment in outpatients who initiated therapy or changed to a new antipsychotic performed in 10 European countries with a focus on olanzapine. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyse the time to treatment discontinuation and the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate correlates of discontinuation.Results and conclusionsIn total, 1688 patients were included in the analyses. Medication maintenance at 3 years varied with the antipsychotic prescribed, being highest with clozapine (57.6%, 95% CI 39.2–74.5), followed by olanzapine (48.3%, 95% CI 45.1–51.5); and lowest with quetiapine (19.0%, 95% CI 13.0–26.3). Treatment discontinuation was significantly less frequent with olanzapine than with risperidone (p = 0.015), depot typical (p = 0.001), oral typical antipsychotics (p < 0.001) or quetiapine (p < 0.001); but not than with clozapine (p = 0.309). Longer maintenance was also associated with higher social abilities and better cognitive status at baseline; in contrast, a shorter time to discontinuation was associated with the need for mood stabilisers during follow-up. This study emphasises the different value of antipsychotics in day-to-day clinical practice, as some of them were associated with longer medication maintenance periods than others. This study has some limitations because of possible selection and information biases derived from the non-systematic, non-randomised allocation to treatments and the existence of unobserved covariates that may influence the outcome.
Comparison of vaginal length after iliococcygeus fixation and sacrospinous ligament fixation
Authors: Medina Carlos A. , Croce Clara , Candiotti Keith , Takacs Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare vaginal length after iliococcygeus fixation (ICF) and sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on patients undergoing ICF or SSLF. Sixty‐seven patients were identified and, of these, only 46 had complete data sets, leaving 23 patients in either group eligible for study.ResultsThere were no significant differences in demographic data between the 2 groups. Mean vaginal length measurements were not significantly different before and after the ICF procedure (7.7 ± 0.9 cm vs 7.6 ± 0.8 cm, respectively; P = 0.68). However, the mean vaginal length was significantly shortened following SSLF (7.9 ± 0.8 cm vs 7.1 ± 1.1 cm, P = 0.001). The mean vaginal lengths preoperatively (7.7 ±0.9 cm vs 7.9 ± 0.8 cm, P = 0.51) and postoperatively (7.6 ± 0.8 cm vs 7.1 ± 1.1 cm, P = 0.07) were similar.ConclusionIliococcygeus fixation does not significantly shorten vaginal length at the time of vaginal vault suspension, whereas the sacrospinous ligament fixation procedure does shorten vaginal length.