bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyra cosmologies with the dynamical system perspective
Authors: Singh Ashutosh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we revisit the homogeneous and isotropic, spatially curved model in the Lyra geometry framework. We apply the dynamical system approach to study the Universe evolution in model. The present cosmic dynamical system formulation is independent of the model parameter which yields the Universe expansion phases dominated by the stiff fluid, radiation, dark matter and dark energy. These expansion phases in the Lyra model are consistent with the General relativity model. In addition, the displacement vector field of the Lyra geometry model will give rise to the stiff matter dominated phase during early times of the Universe evolution. The cosmographic parameters, EoS parameter and statefinder diagnostic have been utilized in the dynamical system to illustrate the cosmic evolution of the Universe. The numerical solution technique is used to illustrate graphical behaviors of the cosmological parameters. On the basis of dynamical system and numerical analysis, we exhibit that the model explains accelerating universe expansion with transition from the decelerating phase and it will lead to the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model in the near future.
Study on the magnetic shielding properties of nanocrystalline strips under bending stress
Authors: Yuan Lanjie , Xu Xueping , Wang Pengfei , Huang Yuejing , Cui Peiling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The study of the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline materials under stress is of great significance for the construction of small and lightweight magnetic shielding rooms. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of stress on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline materials under the action of external bending stress. By comparing the test results of the soft magnetic measuring device with and without bending stress, it is found that the magnetic permeability (μ
i) decreases by about 51.41% when the introduced bending stress σ is increased by about 5.96

×

107 pa, whereas the

K

u

Fe
−
Si

(induced magnetic anisotropy constant) and

H

k

(field of magnetic anisotropy) increase by 5.30

×

102 J m–3 and 1.08

×

102 A m−1, respectively. The Jiles-Atherton (J-A) model considering the bending stress and radius of change correlation is established, and the typical parameters of the J-A model are fitted using the Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA), and the RMSE (root mean square error) of all of them are less than 0.056 T. The magnetic domain density increased with the increase of bending stress, which verified the correlation between the J-A model parameters and the bending stress. Our results reveal that the nanocrystalline macroscopic and micromechanical magnetic properties can be effectively combined with the J-A model, which will provide a theoretical basis for the simulation study of the nanocrystalline magnetic shielding device in the actual stress situation.
Evaluating secondary school students’ science literacy with the Test of Scientific Literacy Skills (TOSLS)
Authors: Hejnová Eva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As solutions to today’s global challenges, such as climate change and environmental protection, will increasingly depend on technological and scientific innovation, it is essential for Generation Z to gain a solid foundation in science. The Test of Scientific Literacy Skills (TOSLS) was used to assess the level of science literacy of students. This paper presents the results of the TOSLS testing of students aged 16-19 in several grammar schools in the Czech Republic in 2023 and compares them with the results of the TOSLS testing of students in the Slovak Republic in 2015. We found that Czech students in their final year of high school performed statistically significantly better on the TOSLS test in approximately two thirds of the items than Slovak students. For both groups of students, we observed good results in skills focused on evaluating scientific information, reading and interpreting graphical representations of data, and solving problems using quantitative skills, including basic statistical skills. On the contrary, the students had difficulty with skills related to understanding the elements of research design and their impact on scientific findings and understanding and interpreting basic statistical data.
The Smíchov industrial school of the third age - Intergenerational STEM learning in practice
Authors: Krajčová V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article presents an example of a good practice - the possibility of intergenerational and interdisciplinary learning, which it is not based only on receiving information and, possibly, independent physical research, but it shifts education to a higher level in the social field, how to move the teaching of physics, mathematics and IT into another direction, than is customary in schools. It offers an example of how to functionally and meaningfully connect a school, and above all its own pupils, with seniors. In today’s age of increasing retirement age, there is a need to follow up connection between young people and seniors and show them how to communicate with each other. And all this on the grounds of the high school physics laboratory.
Augmented reality as a tool for teaching physics to students with special needs
Authors: Pavlendova G , Ladas G , Kosak Babuder M , Javornik K , Rihter J , Cantarella M , Marcek Chorvatova A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, teaching physics is becoming more and more challenging, particularly in regard to reduced number of physics lessons, lack of physics teachers and/or of the experimental equipment in the laboratories. This is becoming even more visible when students with special needs (SEN) are concerned. Consequently, physics rates among the most unpopular subjects in schools. We present a project ARphymedes plus („Augmented Reality made for student with special needs“), specifically designed to improve teaching of physics for students with special needs by applying Augmented Reality (AR). Within this project, we connect physics content with stories related to distinguished physicists, as well as to supporting experiments. For each phenomenon or physical law, examples in the form of videos, animations or 3D animated models are presented using AR. AR can be visualised in the book using tablets or smartphones, which are a daily part of students’ lives.
Attitudes of preschool teachers towards the importance of science teaching in preschool - preliminary study
Authors: Houfková J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Beyond the family, preschool teachers play a vital role in shaping children’s attitudes towards exploration and inquiry, particularly in relation to the world around them and the field of science. This paper examines the attitudes of preschool teachers towards the significance of science education within the preschool curriculum. A comparative analysis is conducted between the perspectives of experienced in-service teachers and future teachers, with data gathered through questionnaires administered after their participation in science-focused teacher trainings. The study specifically focuses on physics experiments in preschool and examines the perspectives of both experienced teachers who have been instrumental in shaping the Alpha Generation, as well as future teachers who belong to the Z generation. Key findings revealed a discrepancy in familiarity with and perceptions of physics experiments between experienced teachers and future educators. Notably, it sheds light on the need for enhanced professional development programs to bolster science teaching skills among educators. By understanding the attitudes of preschool teachers, this research aims to identify areas for improvement and develop strategies to bolster the quality of science education in early childhood. This preliminary study serves as a foundation for further comprehensive analysis and emphasizes the significance of empowering educators to effectively integrate science into preschool curricula.
The entry profile of a pre-service physics teachers and the development of their professional competences
Authors: Kireš M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the paper, we reflect on various factors of motivation of pre-service physics teacher. Based on the data obtained from the entrance questionnaires of incoming students for the previous four years and a structured interview with current students studying in all grades, we create a professional entry profile of a future physics teacher student. Based on international standards, current trends, current and future needs of school practice, we characterize the professional competences of a physics teacher graduate. In the conditions of the Slovak educational space, we are looking for a breakthrough with the updated description of the field of study teaching and pedagogical sciences and standards for study programs. We present the goals and key elements of the university training of future physics teachers, educational methods, educational content and links to pedagogical practice.
Remote physics experiment Mathematical pendulum as an attractive alternative to traditional laboratory exercises
Authors: Lustig F , Brom P , Hejnová E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traditional laboratory exercises are usually not popular among students, especially the processing and submission of protocols. Students are used to using digital technologies, prefer active participation in the learning process, and love visualisations. To improve motivation and make laboratory practices more attractive to students, remote laboratories with the real time control and available anytime and anywhere can be offered. In this paper, we present the remote experiment Mathematical Pendulum, which is physically located at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University (UJEP) in Ústí nad Labem. Using it we can study physical laws such as the dependence of the pendulum’s period of oscillation on its length and determine the value of the gravitational acceleration. The remote pendulum is interactively controlled through a web browser from a computer or mobile phone, provides live video stream and experimental data downloadable via Internet. This single remote laboratory task is complemented by remote measurements of the acceleration of gravity at different latitudes through a group of ten identical mathematical pendulums created within the WorldPendulum WP@ELAB project. In this paper, we present not only the results of the measurements made, but also a pilot investigation of the use of this complex remote experiment.
Extension of the kinematics problem about the meeting of two bodies
Authors: Zelenický Ľ , Štubňa I , Vallo D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The well-known problem about the meeting of two bodies starting from two different points and moving along their line is extended by the general case when the bodies move in a plane at a non-zero angle to the given line. The task is solved graphically, analytically and using GeoGebra. This approach makes it possible to use IT technologies close to students in both standard and distance education.
Covariability of decadal surface air temperature variability over Myanmar with sea surface temperature based on singular value decomposition analysis
Authors: Sein Zin Mie Mie , Zhi Xiefei , Ogou Faustin Katchele , Nooni Isaac Kwesi , Paing Khant Hmu , Yeboah Emmanuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Myanmar’ Southeast Asian country is currently experiencing environmental changes, with temperature change being one the major contributing factors. Although many studies have shown the contribution of anthropogenic activities, the factors sustaining the observed increase in air temperature (TEMP) are not fully understood. We examined the interdependence of the surface TEMP with the sea surface temperature (SST) from 1971 to 2020 on a decadal timescale to predict changes in TEMP over a longer time period. Our analysis showed a pronounced interdecadal change in TEMP, with the highest intensity observed in the 2010s. The results show that the dominant modes of the global SST significantly influence the TEMP variation in the region at the decadal time scale. Indian Ocean (IO) SST-singular value decomposition (SVD)1 presents significant positive (negative) correlations in the southeast, and central (southwest) related to warming (cooling) TEMP in the east, northern tip, and northwest (south-Yangon and Taninthayi, and some parts of the north). The second and third modes of SST-SVD are cooling (warming) SST over the east of the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and along the Myanmar coast, which are associated with cooling(warming) TEMP patterns in the region. Significant negative correlations of decadal TEMP at the annual scale with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific (NP), the MAMJ with Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and November–December–January–February (NDJF) with PDO were evidenced. Meanwhile, significant positive correlations were obtained between TEMP and AMO (NP) at the annual scale (NDJF), respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into decadal-scale TEMP patterns and their relationships with SSTs, contributing to a better understanding of TEMP variability in Myanmar, which may be helpful in climate prediction. Predicting surface TEMP on a decadal timescale is helpful in environmental management.
Global evidence of rapid flash drought recovery by extreme precipitation
Authors: Mahto Shanti Shwarup , Mishra Vimal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flash drought affects agricultural activities and water availability. However, the rate of flash drought development and termination and their controlling mechanisms remain mostly unexplored. Using climate reanalysis (ERA5) datasets, we examine the flash drought development and recovery rates in seventeen climate regions across the globe during the 1981–2020 period. In most global climate regions, flash drought recovery (25.2 percentile/pentad) is faster than its development rate (17.2 percentile/pentad). The tropical and sub-tropical humid areas, particularly eastern North America, northern South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Islands groups, are the hotspots of rapid flash drought development and faster recovery rates. In most climate regions, flash drought development and recovery rates have considerably increased during the recent two decades. Pluvial events (heavy-to-extreme precipitation) associated with increased soil moisture and decreased atmospheric aridity vapor pressure deficit are the primary driver of the rapid flash drought recovery. Globally, 10 of 17 regions showed the dominance of extreme precipitation in flash drought recovery, primarily due to an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation. A fraction of flash droughts terminated by extreme precipitation has increased significantly across the most regions during 1981–2020. Considering the increase in flash drought frequency, development rate, and rapid termination, the compound risk of flash droughts followed by extreme precipitation and flooding has enhanced. The abrupt transition from flash drought to wet conditions makes drought and flood management more challenging, with consequences for agriculture and water resources.
Simulating the impact of typhoons on air‐sea CO2 fluxes on the northern coastal area of the South China Sea
Authors: Meng Zhao , Guan Yuping , Feng Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The South China Sea is a typhoon-prone region, and previous studies have shown that typhoons have significant impacts on air-sea CO2 fluxes. However, the effect of typhoons on the northern coastal area of the South China Sea is not well understood owing to limited observational data. In this study, we used a coupled model to simulate the impact of four typhoons (Hato, Mangkhut, Nida, and Merbok) on the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater (pCO2sea) and the CO2 fluxes in this area. Our results show that the coupled model effectively reproduces the spatial pattern of pCO2sea in this region. The response of pCO2sea to typhoons was determined by typhoon-induced vertical mixing and coastal upwelling, along with initial oceanic conditions. Typhoon Nida caused a decrease in pCO2sea with Total Alkalinity and Sea Surface Temperature being the primary factors. However, typhoons Hato, Mangkhut, and Merbok caused an increase in pCO2sea with Dissolved Inorganic Carbon playing a more prominent role. The average CO2 fluxes during the passage were approximately 6–14 times higher than those before typhoon passage. These results enhance our understanding of the effect of typhoons on air-sea CO2 fluxes over the northern coastal area of the South China Sea.
Efficient EEG motion artifact elimination framework for ambulatory epileptic seizure detection application
Authors: Y Murali Krishna , P Vinay Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Motion artifacts are a pervasive challenge in EEG ambulatory monitoring, often obscuring critical neurological signals and impeding accurate seizure detection. In this study, we propose a new approach of outlier based grouping of two level Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) decomposition combined with Relative Total Variation (RTV) filter for the effective removal of motion-induced noise from ambulatory EEG data. A two-stage SSA method was employed to decompose single-channel EEG signal, which had been interfered with, into various fre quency bands. The affected sub-band signal was then subjected to an RTV filter to estimate the artifact signal. Subtracting this estimated artifact signal from the contaminated sub-band signal yielded the filtered sub-band signal. Subse quently, the filtered sub-band signal was reintegrated with the other decomposed components from noise-free bands, culminating in the generation of the ultimate denoised EEG signal. Based on the comprehensive set of simulation results, it can be deduced that the algorithm described in the paper outperforms existing methods. It demonstrates superior metrics evaluation in terms of ΔSNR, η , MAE, and PSNR when compared to these alternatives. Our framework sig- nificantly enhances the quality of EEG data by successfully eliminating motion artifacts while preserving crucial brainwave information. To evaluate the prac tical impact of this noise reduction technique, we assess its performance in the context of seizure detection. The results reveal a substantial improvement in the accuracy and reliability of seizure detection algorithms when applied to EEG data preprocessed with proposed method.
Photostability and visible-light-driven photoactivity enhancement of hierarchical C@ZnCdS/ZnS/MoS2
Authors: Lu Qihong , Yang Ning , Zuo Lei , Fang Wenjian , Dong Jing , Zeng Xianghua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Zinc cadmium sulfide solid (Zn
x
Cd1−x
S) related composites received great attention in photocatalytic hydrogen production because of their tunable bandgap and strong visible light absorption range. But sulfide-based metal materials commonly suffer from photo-corrosion issues. It is very important to construct the photocatalysts with high efficient activity and photostability for H2 production. Herein, we successively prepared ZnCdS/ZnS (ZCS/ZS) heterostructures, ZnCdS/ZnS/MoS2 (ZCS/ZS/M) heterostructures decorated ZCS/ZS with MoS2 quantum dots, then we obtained x-C@ZCS/ZS and x-C@ZCS/ZS/M heterostructures encapsulated ZCS/ZS and ZCS/ZS/M with carbon layer. The performance of the photocatalytic hydrogen production showed that sample 0.05-C@ZCS/ZS/M has a remarkable photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 15.231 mmol·h−1·g−1 with noble metal-free co-catalysts. This rate was approximately 21 times higher than that of the pristine ZCS/ZS photocatalyst. The optimized sample reveals an excellent stability, without activity losses after 10 h. The improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the unique heterojunction structure formed by ZCS/ZS and MoS2. Additionally, the carbon films played a crucial role in providing excellent stability by spatially separating the sites for redox reactions, thereby inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs.
Exploring miRNA–target gene pair detection in disease with coRmiT
Authors: Cordoba-Caballero Jose , Perkins James R , García-Criado Federico , Gallego Diana , Navarro-Sánchez Alicia , Moreno-Estellés Mireia , Garcés Concepción , Bonet Fernando , Romá-Mateo Carlos , Toro Rocio , Perez Belén , Sanz Pascual , Kohl Matthias , Rojano Elena , Seoane Pedro , Ranea Juan A G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A wide range of approaches can be used to detect micro RNA (miRNA)–target gene pairs (mTPs) from expression data, differing in the ways the gene and miRNA expression profiles are calculated, combined and correlated. However, there is no clear consensus on which is the best approach across all datasets. Here, we have implemented multiple strategies and applied them to three distinct rare disease datasets that comprise smallRNA-Seq and RNA-Seq data obtained from the same samples, obtaining mTPs related to the disease pathology. All datasets were preprocessed using a standardized, freely available computational workflow, DEG_workflow. This workflow includes coRmiT, a method to compare multiple strategies for mTP detection. We used it to investigate the overlap of the detected mTPs with predicted and validated mTPs from 11 different databases. Results show that there is no clear best strategy for mTP detection applicable to all situations. We therefore propose the integration of the results of the different strategies by selecting the one with the highest odds ratio for each miRNA, as the optimal way to integrate the results. We applied this selection-integration method to the datasets and showed it to be robust to changes in the predicted and validated mTP databases. Our findings have important implications for miRNA analysis. coRmiT is implemented as part of the ExpHunterSuite Bioconductor package available from https://bioconductor.org/packages/ExpHunterSuite.
Does artificial intelligence need companionship to assist in drug discovery? The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus study
Authors: Stitou Mourad , Koomen John M , Imbody Denis J , Liao Yi , Monastyrskyi Andrii , Rix Uwe , Duckett Derek R , Haura Eric B , Karolak Aleksandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this Opinion article, we confront the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in targeting and understanding resistance to targeted therapy using the most frequently mutated oncoprotein family in human cancer, rat sarcoma virus guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (RAS GTPases), here Kirsten RAS (KRAS), as an example. Aberrant regulation of the active GTP-bound state of KRAS is associated with tumourigenesis, aggressive disease, and poor prognosis. KRAS mutations (eg, G12C, G12D, G12V, G13D, inter al.) are drivers of numerous cancer types, including non-small cell lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. These mutations have shown to play a significant role in cell behaviour and response to treatment. Since its discovery in the 1980s, it has been recognized that over-expression of KRAS and other RAS family members induces resistance to radiotherapy. Moreover, over the years preclinical and clinical studies showed that tumours with KRAS mutations exhibit different treatment sensitivities compared to tumours with wild-type KRAS.