bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to viral antigens, xenoantigens, and autoantigens in alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ounanian A. , Seigneurin J.‐M. , Guilbert B. , Avrameas S. , Renverez J.‐C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera from 19 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 21 control subjects were studied by immunofluorescence and enzyme immunnoassay for antibody activity against various viruses and 12 self‐ and non‐self‐antigens. Total IgG mean level was significantly higher in the AD group; the IgG level was above 15 g/L in 52.8% of AD patients versus 14.3% of control subjects. Antiviral antibody titers showed no significant differences except for antibodies to herpes simplex virus‐1, which were increased in control group. In contrast, autoantibodies were more frequently found in AD patients, and the prevalence of antibodies to spectrin, peroxidase, and thyroglobulin was significantly increased. Thus, in our series, autoimmune but not antiviral responses were heightened in at least 42% of AD patients (versus 9% of the control group) suggesting the existence of two sub‐populations in the AD group.
A high‐affinity human monoclonal igm antibody reacting with multiple strains of mycoplasma hominis
Authors: Möller Susanna A. , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Birkelund Svend 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman mknoclonal antibodies were produced against Mycoplasma hominis by in vitro immunization of peripheral blood lymphocytes from a healthy seropositive donor using low amounts of antigen (5 ng/ml). The immune B lymphocytes were subsequently immortalized by Epstein‐Barr virus transformation followed by somatic cell fusion. Using this procedure, several specific anti‐M. hominis monoclonal antibodies of μ isotype were obtained exhibiting apparent affinity constants as high as 3 × 109 M−1. The productivity of a number of different hybridomas was determined to be in the range 7‐22 μg × (24 hr × 106 cells)−1. The specificity of one antibody, 129.1, was further characterized by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay against several different species of Mycoplasma and by Western blot analysis. The antibody specifically bound to a protein of M, 100,000 present in 10 of 12 different strains of M. hominis.
Measurement of serum unconjugated estriol and estradiol by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kondo Zenjiro , Makino Tsunehisa , Lizuka Rihachi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMeasurement of Estriol (E3) and estradiol (E2) within 22 min by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was achieved in this study, and the values were compared with those of a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A totally computerized HPLC method was developed for measuring unconjugated E3(u‐E3) and E2 (u‐E2) in the sera of pregnant women. The serum samples were injected directly into the apparatus and transferred to a pre‐treatment column where the estrogens were absorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates were excluded. The estrogens were then passed through another separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consisted of an acetonitrile‐water mixture, and separation was achieved by means of a reversed‐phase procedure. The eluate was monitored for fluorescence. All procedures were monitored and controlled with a built‐in microcomputer. Serum samples from 97 normal pregnant women at 20–41 wk gestation were simultaneously assayed by HPLC and RIA. The correlations obtained by HPLC and RIA were as follows: u‐E3 y = 0.905x–0.385, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.912; for u‐E2, y = 0.964x + 5.024, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.841 (y, RIA value; x, HPLC value). The quick measurement of u‐E3 and u‐E2 by HPLC can be a useful method for evaluating fetoplacental function.
Interleukin‐4 induces both lgg4 and ige secretion by peripheral blood b cells
Authors: Nüsslein Hubert G. , Spiegelberg Hans L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy nonallergic donors were cultured with recombinant interleukin‐4 (rIL‐4), and the Ig of different isotypes was quantitated in the culture supernatants by radioimmunoassays. Recombinant IL‐4 induced IgG4 and IgE secretion in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas it had no consistent effect on the secretion of the other isotypes. In the absence of rIL‐4, B cells in the PBMC preparations secreted <1 ng IgE/ml and a mean of 5 ng IgG4/ml. In the presence of the optimal dose of 100 U rIL‐4/ml, PBMCs from five donors secreted a mean ± SEM of 37 2 8ng IgE/ml and 66 ± 25 ng IgG4/ml. In kinetic studies, no IgG4 or IgE secretion was detected during the first 5 days of culture, and approximately 50% of the IgG4 and IgE secreted by day 15 was detected in supernatants on day 7. Cycloheximide, actinomycin‐D, and mytomycin‐C completely inhibited the rIL‐4‐induced IgG4 and IgE secretion, indicating that de novo protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis was required. As shown by Percoll buoyant density centrifugation, rIL‐4 induced B cells in the high‐density fraction to secrete IgG4 and IgE, whereas it inhibited spontaneous IgG4 secretion by low‐density B cells. Interferon‐r inhibited IL‐4‐induced lgG4 and IgE secretion. The data demonstrate that 11‐4 induces small, dense, peripheral blood B cells to secrete not only IgE but also lgG4, which paralells the IL‐4‐induced IgE and IgG1 secretion by murine B cells. Our in vitro data, the elevation of IgE and lgG4 in the serum of patients with helminth parasitic infections, and the prevalence of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to allergens suggest that the formation of these two isotypes is likely to share a common IL‐4‐dependent regulatory pathway.
Immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti‐human t‐cell leukemia virus type i) igg in serum using a synthetic peptide, env gp46(188–209), as antigen
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Sakoda Iwane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti‐human T‐cell leukemia virus type I) IgG (anti‐HTLV‐I IgG) in serum using a chemically and safely synthesized peptide, env gp46(188–209), is described. Anti‐HTLV‐I IgG in test serum, which had been incubated with excess of inactive β‐D‐galactosidase to eliminate interference by anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies, was reacted simultaneously with dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin‐env gp46(188–209)‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. β‐D‐Galactosidase activity bound to the (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG‐coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was sensitive and detected anti‐HTLV‐I IgG in serum samples which were negative by the conventional enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting. And the specificity of this assay was confirmed by preincubation of test serum with excess of env gp46(188–209). However, some disadvantages were also noted.
Quantitation of anti‐tetanus and anti‐diphtheria antibodies by enzymoimmunoassay: Methodology and applications
Authors: Virella G. , Hyman Barbara 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed enzymoimmunoassays (EIA) for the quantitation of antibodies (Ab) to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (TT, DT) using lmmulon I plates coated with the appropriate toxoid. A preparation of human tetanus immunoglobulin with a known concentration of anti‐TT Ab was used as calibrator of the anti‐TT antibody assay. The assay of anti‐DT Ab is calibrated with a pool of human sera whose anti‐DT Ab concentration was determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis, using a horse anti‐DT with known Ab concentration as calibrator. A peroxidase‐conjugated anti‐human IgG was used in both assays. ABTS was used as substrate, and the reaction was stopped after 1 min incubation with citric acid and the OD measured at 414 nm on a Vmax reader. The assays have been applied to a variety of clinical situations. In patients suspected of having tetanus, the quantitation of antibodies has been helpful in establishing a diagnosis. In patients with a history of hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid, verification of the levels of anti‐TT antibody may prevent unnecessary and potentially harmful immunizations. The assays have also been used for the diagnostic evaluation of the humoral immune response to TT and DT, both in pediatric patients and in immunosuppressed patients. Several non‐responders have been detected, and we have recently used the assay to monitor the effects of fish oil administration on the humoral immune response. Finally, the sensitivity of the assay for anti‐TT antibody has been proven to be adequate for the assay of anti‐TT Ab produced in vitro by stimulated human B cells. In conclusion, the assay of anti‐TT and anti‐DT antibodies by EIA is relatively simple and has a variety of clinical and research applications.
Detection of anti‐nuclear antibodies from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases by elisa using hep‐2 cell nuclei
Authors: Jitsukawa Tomofumi , Nakajima Satoko , Usui Junko , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA microtiter plate was coated with cell nuclei from HEp‐2 cells, and the stabilized nuclei were fixed with acetone for an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Auto‐antibodies against nuclear antigens were detected from the sera of patients with various systemic rheumatic disease but not from healthy individuals by means of the nucleus ELISA procedure. Ninety‐one percent of anti‐nuclear antibody (ANA)—positive sera as demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF) test were also judged as positive for ANAs by the nucleus ELISA and 5% of them as psudo‐positive. Patient's sera with homogeneous and fine‐speckled IF patterns displayed the highest ELISA titers. A large portion of ss‐A/Ro antigen is localized in the cytoplasm; therefore, anti‐ss‐A/Ro antibody was hardly detected by nucleus ELISA. The population of ANAs detectable by nucleus ELISA included anti‐ss‐B/La, anti‐DNA, anti‐histone, anti‐Sm, anti‐RNP, and anti‐scl‐70.
Evaluation of the kodak ektachem slide assays for iron and lactate
Authors: Marx Alfred M. , Gressner Axel M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the analytical performance of two clinical chemistry slides developed recently by Eastman Kodak Company for the analysis of lactate and iron with the Kodak Ektachem 700 XR analyzer. Tested with supplemented serum pool materials we found imprecisions of the lactate analysis between 0.7% and 1.3% (within‐run), resp., 1.0% and 1.5% (between‐run). The imprecision of the iron analysis was between 1.0% and 2.2%, resp., 1.2% and 2.7%. Linearity of the methods was proven between 0.7 mmol/L and 13.0 mmol/L (lactate analysis) and between 5.4 μmol/L and 82.4 μmmol/L (iron analysis), respectively. We found no significant interferences by hemolysis, lipemia, or bilirubin. The Kodak lactate results (x) correlated well with those of enzymatic methods (y) of Boehringer Mannheim (r = 0.995; y = 1.095x − 0.128) and of DuPont (r = 0.990; y = 1.015x − 0.242). The Kodak iron analysis (x) was correlated with the FerroZine® methods (y) of Boehringer Mannheim (r = 0.988; y = 1.031x + 0.091), Hoffman LaRoche (r = 0.989; y = 0.868x + 1.111), and with atomic absorption (y) (r = 0.960; y = 0.826x + 3.416). We conclude that the newly developed methods for the analysis of lactate and iron with the Kodak Ektachem analyzer are acceptable alternatives to other common methods.
Quantitative changes in t helper inducer (cd4+ cd45ra−), t suppressor inducer (cd4+ cd45ra+), t suppressor (cd8+ cd11b+), and t cytotoxic (cd8+ cd11b−) subsets in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Reddy Mohan M. , Grieco Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo determine changes in subsets of CD4 and CD8 in relation to HIV infection and progression to AIDS, we quantitated peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 17 heterosexual controls, 22 asymptomatic HIV‐seronegative and 18 HIV‐seropositive intravenous drug users, 50 patients with AIDS‐related complex (ARC), and 9 patients with AIDS using an EPICS “C” flow cytometer by twocolor analysis. Both T helper inducer (CD4+ CD45RA−) and suppressor inducer (CD4+ CD45RA+) lymphocytes were decreased significantly in patients with ARC or AIDS. In contrast, T cytotoxic (CD8+ CD11b−) cells were significantly increased and accompanied by a significant decrease in the T suppressor (CD8+ CD11b+) subset in patients with ARC or AIDS. These results suggest that both T helper inducer and T suppressor inducer subsets of the CD4+ population and the T suppressor subset of CD8+ are depleted after HIV infection, while the T cytotoxic subset of CD8+ was increased after HIV infection.
In vitro sensitivity assays in cancer: A review, analysis, and prognosis
Authors: Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTumors are complex systems consisting of heterogeneous cancer cells as well as normal cells with each exhibiting unique drug sensitivity spectra. There have been many attempts to design in vitro systems to determine drug response of tumors. The most widely used system is the clonogenic assay, which has demonstrated some clinical predictivity. However, the clonogenic assay has been shown to have negative aspects, including low frequency of evaluation, clump artifacts, lack of cytotoxic end‐points and disruption of normal cell‐cell interactions existing in a true tissue environment. Newer models are described utilizing cytotoxic as well as cell‐proliferation end‐points, and maintenance of three‐dimensional tissue architecture in vitro. It is concluded that less artifactual, more realistic models can be used to select more tumor‐specific drugs which themselves in turn will make in vitro chemosensitivity assays more useful for cancer patients.
Purification of soluble human t lymphocyte receptors for sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Itano Eiko N. , Ono Mario A. , Sumigawa Mari , Longo Leda M. , Moura Nayla C. , Mendes Nelson F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing a polyclonal heterologous anti‐soluble E‐receptor serum, we identified molecules of molecular weight circa 58,000 and 150,000The soluble receptor molecule with molecular weight of approximately 58,000 (Rs1) was initially purified from supernatant of heated lymphocytes through chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 and/or DEAE‐cellulose. The soluble receptor molecule with molecular weight of approximately 150,000 (Rs2) is detected at high levels in the serum of patients with cancer and uremia. Rs1 and Rs2 present in serum from cancer patients were purified by chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 and by affinity chromatography using anti‐Rs1 IgG.131I‐labelled supernatant of heated lymphocytes binds to sheep erythrocytes and the elution and analysis of the molecules adsorbed showed bands of molecular weights approximately 58,000 and 150,000, confirming the receptor activity of these molecules.
Diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Chatterley Scott , Sun Tsieh , Lien York 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 93 consecutive CSF specimens were analyzed. These specimens were from patients of four categories tumors, infections, hemorrhages, and others. It was found that the isoenzyme patterns overlapped among different categories, but they differed within each category and were thus helpful in differential diagnosis. For instance, metastatic tumors showed prominent LD‐5, whereas a primary brain tumor demonstrated an increase in all fractions. Viral encephalitis revealed an increase in the first three isoenzymes and bacterial meningitis, the last two. In acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, however, LD isoenzyme changes were demonstrated in CSF when only cryptococcal meningitis and not when encephalitis was present. Both subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages showed elevation of all fractions in our study. Elevation of the first three fractions was usually due to brain tissue damage or hemorrhage, as proven by our isoenzyme study of hemolysate mixed with CSF. The prominence of the last two fractions was related to anaerobic metabolism in the central nervous system or to granulocytic infiltration. In conclusion, LD isoenzyme analysis in CSF is helpful in differential diagnosis of various CNS disorders, although its sensitivity awaits further improvement.
Monoclonal antibody to human cartilage cells and its reactivities to chondrocytic tumors
Authors: Eisenbrey A. Bradley , Chen Jenn C. , Dyer Charissa A. , Bernstein Jay , Poulik Miroslav D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA murine monoclonal antibody (E10) was made against cultured cartilage cells. The E10 antibody binding is localized to the surface of cultured cartilage cells in suspension and is present in the cytoplasm in paraffin embedded sections. There is no reactivity with cartilage matrix, or with the matrix of cartilaginous tumors. Reactivity is removed by treatment with trypsin and hyaluronidase, but not by treatment with heparinase, neuraminidase, and chondroitinase.Regeneration of E10 antigen after trypsinization takes 48 hours in chondrocytes in tissue culture. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of an E10 immune precipitate of cultured chondrocytes results in two peaks: one at a very high molecular weight and a small fragment at approximately 250 kd.Specificity has been demonstrated by cytofluorometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, in both frozen and paraffin‐embedded tissues. Positive reactivity was seen in cultured cartilage cells, chondrocytes in fetal and adult cartilage, chondrosarcomas, and chordomas. Minimal reactivity was found in a chondromyxoid liposarcoma. Acinar cells of salivary and sweat glands and mast cells in various tissues and tumors were also positive. There was no reactivity with other tissues and tumors, including myxoid and mucinous tumors and epithelial tissues.
Sensitive competitive‐binding elisas for quantifying free kappa and lambda light chains in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Stanescu Gabriel L. , Swick Alan R. , Tuohy Vincent K. , Rudick Richard A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSimple, sensitive, and fully standardized solid‐phase enzyme‐linked competitive binding immunoassays to quantify free kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains are described. The assays were developed to measure the concentration of free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in part because elevated levels of free kappa light chains have utility as a diagnostic marker for multiple sclerosis (MS). Polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against pooled Bence Jones proteins are bound to solid‐phase Staphylococcal protein A and used as the primary antisera in this assay. A pool of Bence Jones proteins isolated from the urine of 10 individuals with multiple myeloma are used as a biotin‐labeled ligand and to develop a standard curve. The assays as described are sensitive to the low nanogram range and are specific for free kappa or lambda light chains. The assays were found to have acceptable precision, and results correlated highly with concentrations determined using competitive‐binding radioimmunoassays previously described.
Effect of different test designs of immunoassays on “hook effect” of ca 19‐9 measurement
Authors: Wu James T. , Christensen Sonia E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetermining serum CA 19‐9 using regular Centocor kit frequently requires numerous repeats when specimens contain highly elevated levels of CA 19‐9. We found that the number of repeats could be reduced if the Centocor kit with an extended concentration range was used. Using an extended Centocor kit could also eliminate falsely low CA 19‐9 results. However, when a Biomira RIA kit, based on a competitive binding principle, was used, falsely low CA 19‐9 values could be completely avoided and, in most cases, only a single repeat was usually required to arrive at the true result. This is because the level of CA 19‐9 in the specimen can be approximated from the radioactivity count. Therefore, when designing an immunoassay for tumor markers, one needs to take into consideration the concentration range of the tumor marker in the specimens if one would like to avoid repeats and falsely low values.
Enzyme‐Linked immunosorbent assay to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and antimycobacterial antibody in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Krishnan V. V. Radha , Mathai A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInhibition ELISA and indirect ELISA was standardised to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen5 and antimycobacterial antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of 75 patients with tuberculous meningitis, (TBM) and 75 patients with non‐tuberculous neurological diseases (control group). In both ELISAs, no false‐negative results were observed in 15 culture proven patients with TBM. Detection of M. tuberculosis antigen 5 is more sensitive than detection of antimycobacterial antibody. However, both ELISAs showed 100% specificity for tuberculous aetiology in culture‐negative patients with TBM. ELISA should be considered as one of the approaches in the laboratory diagnosis of TBM, particularly when standard bacteriological methods are unable to demonstrate M. tuberculosis in CSF specimens of patients with TBM.
Cryopreservation and long‐term liquid nitrogen storage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for flow cytometry analysis effects on cell subset proportions and fluorescence intensity
Authors: Brown L. Morris , Clark J. W. , Neuland C. Y. , Mann D. L. , Pankiw‐Trost L. K. , Blattner W. A. , Tollerud D. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of cryopreservation and longterm liquid nitrogen storage on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets was prospectively analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Brief cryopreservation did not significantly alter the proportion of positively stained cells for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+, and CD19+, cells. A small but statistically significant increase in the proportion of positive cells was observed for HLA‐DR+ and HLe‐1 + cells. Brief cryopreservation was associated with a decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity (MFl) values for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells; an increase in MFl values for CD14+ and HLA‐DR+ cells; and no change for CD16+, CD19+, and HLe‐1+ cells. There was no significant change in the proportion of CD3+, CD4+, or CD16+ cells during 20 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. Small but statistically significant decreases in the proportion of CD8+ and CD19+ cells were observed over the same interval, and the proportion of CD14+ cells (monocytes) was highly variable. Chronologic changes in fluorescence intensity during longterm storage were observed for all cell subsets except CD16+ and CD19+ cells. Cryopreservation is a valuable technique for longterm storage of viable cells. For many laboratory applications, the small changes noted in the present study will have no practical importance. However, for clinical and epidemiological investigations encompassing large numbers of samples, statistical techniques to adjust for small changes during storage should be considered.