bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Parylene-Packaged Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Lo Hsi-Wen , Tai Yu-Chong 
Published: November 2006

A micro-fabricated parylene-packaged flexible pentacene thin film transistor is presented. Different from preceding devices that have been reported, this thin film transistor employs parylene as the substrate, the gate insulator and also the encapsulation layer. Also, this thin film transistor uses pentacene, an organic semiconductor with high mobility, as the active material. The transistor consists of Au/Cr gates and Au source and drain electrodes and takes a bottom-contact configuration.	The freshly made thin film transistor shows a hole mobility of 0.084809 cm2/V-s with an on-off ratio of 104.
Wafer Bonding of CdZnTe / Si Structures
Authors: Goorsky Mark S. , Miclaus C. 
Published: November 2006

In this work, we demonstrate the transfer of Cd0.96Zn0.04Te layers to Si substrates by both bond and etch back and by ion exfoliation techniques. The (211)A face was employed for the bonding face to expose the pre-ferred (211)B face for subsequent HgCdTe growth.	SiN intermediate lay-ers were used to facilitate the bond process. For the bond-and-etch proc-ess, 10 mm CdZnTe layers were transferred to silicon substrates.	For ion-exfoliated layers, layers of 0.3 - 1 μm were transferred. The low level of implant-induced strain in the rpe-exfoliated layer is consistent with results from other materials.	After transfer, these structures exhibited no strain and exhibited high crystal quality (as determined by double crystal x-ray topography and triple axis x-ray diffraction).
Transformation of Amorphous TiO2 Into Crystalline Materials
Authors: Reyes Coronado David , Oskam G. , Peet Poot Felipe 
Published: November 2006

TiO2 is used in a variety of photochemical applications including catalysis, antibacterial coatings and dye-sensitized solar cells.	The transformation of amorphous TiO2 into the three most common phases, anatase, rutile and brookite has been achieved under the appropriate experimental conditions. The amorphous TiO2 was obtained by adding titanium isopropoxide to isopropanol with a low concentration of water. A paste of amorphous titania was then mixed with different reactants and hydrothermally treated at elevated temperature in order to obtain a crystalline phase. Anatase nanoparticles were obtained by using acetic acid, while rutile nanoparticles were obtained using HCl. Titanates were formed with LiOH and KOH as reactants, while the use of NaOH results in brookite particles (>200 nm) after the formation of titanates as intermediate.	The materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction and SEM.
Dense Intra-Cavity Interconnection Technology for Hermetically Packaged MMICs
Authors: Chang-Chien Patty , Tornquist Kelly , Zeng Xianglin , Luo Ke , Yang J , Kho Keang , Uyeda Jansen , Lai Richard , Oki Aaron 
Published: November 2006

Northrop Grumman Space Technology has recently developed a technology that is capable of creating dense intra- cavity interconnections (ICICs) for hermetically packaged MMICs.	These interconnections provide signal routing between circuits residing on the facing surfaces within the sealed wafer level package. They are fabricated by batch processes and are fully compatible with NGST's MMIC production processes. Greater than 90% interconnection yield is consistently obtained from different substrate material combinations. RF ICIC transitions with insertion loss of less than 0.1dB at 15GHz have been demonstrated. These ICICs are also proven to be mechanically and thermally robust. NGST's dense ICIC technology enables heterogeneous integration of multi-functional MMICs and MMIC modules.
Properties of CdZnO/ZnO Heterostructures for UV Light Emitters
Authors: Osinsky Andrei V. , Dong Jianwei , Hertog Brian , Dabiran Amir M. , Chow Peter , Schoenfeld Winston , Pearton Steve J. , Look David , Cartwright Alexander 
Published: November 2006

In the paper we present band-gap alignment diagrams for type-II/type-I heterostructures incorporating the strong piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization fields in ZnCdMgO and AlGaN-based materials and interfaces. The paper describes some of the recent progress made in the development of high quality ZnCdO layers and CdZnO/ZnO heterostructures grown epitaxially by RF-plasma molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).	We summarize optical and electrical properties of high quality CdxZn1-xO alloys with Cd mole fraction from 0.02 to 0.78 and discuss phase separation phenomenon, which may be present in ternary alloys. A single-crystal wurtzite structure of CdZnO alloys has been confirmed. We achieved a strong optical emission at RT in the 380 nm to 574 nm spectral range from CdxZn1-xO with various compositions. Dependence of the fundamental optical band gap on the composition of CdxZn1- xO alloys, band gap bowing, and the possible effect of composition micro-fluctuations in ternary CdxZn1-xO alloys on the optical bandgap is also discussed.	Time resolved photoluminescence shows multi-exponential decay with 21 psec. and 49{plus minus}3 psec. lifetimes, suggesting that composition micro- fluctuations may be present in Cd0.16Zn0.84O film. We also report on crystallographic and optical properties of CdZnO/ZnO multiple quantum wells.
Ferromagnetic Properties of GaGdN Co-Doped with Si
Authors: Hite Jennifer , Frazier Rachel M. , Davies Ryan P. , Thaler Gerald T. , Abernathy Cammy R. , Pearton Steve J. , Zavada John M. 
Published: November 2006

Single phase GaGdN and GaGdN:Si thin films were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy using solid Gd, Ga, and Si sources along with a RF nitrogen plasma. SQUID magnetometry indicated room temperature ferromagnetism in both materials. Defects played a large role in the magnetic ordering of the material, as seen in a drastic reduction of magnetic signal with degrading crystallinity.	Highly resistive films became conductive with the addition of Si. Magnetization of the co-doped film increased with Si content, reaching levels higher than that of the singly-doped material.
Design and Testing of a Wireless Portable Carbon Nanotube-Based Chemical Sensor System
Authors: Li J. , Lu Yijiang , Calusdian James , Yun Xiaoping , Meyyappan Meyya 
Published: November 2006

The design and preliminary testing results of a wireless portable carbon nanotube-based chemical sensor system are presented in this paper. The overall sensor system consists of a chemical sensor module, a microcontroller-based data acquisition module, a multiplexer and constant current source module, and a wireless communication module. The chemical sensor module is based on use of an interdigited electrode (IDE) configuration. A layer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is laid on the IDE electrodes.	Chemical sensing is based on detection of changes in the conductivity of the SWNT network. The system has 32 channels of chemical sensing elements. It is self-contained and portable, and wirelessly transmits measurement data to a PC via an 802.11b wireless LAN. Preliminary results on chemical detection and chemical selectivity are described.
PtCl62- and PtCl42- Reduction in Polyaniline: Methanol Oxidation at Morphologically Different Composites.
Authors: Hatchett David W. , Kinyanjui John 
Published: November 2006

The electrochemical reduction of PtCl62- and PtCl42- in polyaniline (PANI) membranes is examined.	The reduction of these species is energetically similar in the polymer membrane. The process results in morphologically distinct PANI/Pt composite materials with very different catalytic activities.	The highest rate of methanol oxidation is observed for PANI/Pt composite produced from PtCl42-.
Immunostimulatory RNA oligonucleotides trigger an antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell and IgG2a response
Authors: Bourquin Carole , Schmidt Laura , Hornung Veit , Wurzenberger Cornelia , Anz David , Sandholzer Nadja , Schreiber Susanne , Voelkl Andreas , Hartmann Gunther , Endres Stefan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSingle-stranded RNA oligonucleotides containing an immunostimulatory motif (immunostimulatory RNA [isRNA]) are potent inducers of interferon-α via the Toll-like receptor 7. We investigated the effect of isRNA on the development of an immune response. We show that isRNA activates dendritic cells and induces production of Th1-type cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. Cytokine production led to bystander activation of T and B cells. We further demonstrate that isRNA triggers the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and of an IgG2a-biased antibody response to antigen in a sequence-dependent manner. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time that isRNA oligonucleotides can simultaneously activate the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.
Pharmacodynamics and safety of intravenous pegaspargase during remission induction in adults aged 55 years or younger with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Douer Dan , Yampolsky Henry , Cohen Lewis J. , Watkins Kristy , Levine Alexandra M. , Periclou Antonia P. , Avramis Vassilios I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn contrast to that in children, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety information on pegaspargase in adults is very limited. We administered a single intravenous dose of pegaspargase (2000 IU/m2) as part of a standard frontline induction regimen to 25 adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and obtained serum samples on several time points. The population mean peak serum concentration of asparaginase enzymatic activity was 1 IU/mL, the elimination half-life was 7 days, and the volume of distribution was 2.43 L/m2. After the single dose, asparagine deamination was complete in all patients after 2 hours, and in 100%, 81%, and 44% on days 14, 21, and 28, respectively. A pharmocodynamic correlation model showed minimal enzymatic activity of 0.2 IU/mL for optimal asparagine depletion. The kinetic posthoc analyses demonstrated enzymatic activity for 3 weeks or more. One patient developed neutralizing antiasparaginase antibodies on day 22 after administration. Pegaspargase was well tolerated, with few grade 3/4 side effects. No allergic reactions or pancreatitis were observed. In adults aged 55 years or younger, pegaspargase produces a long duration of asparagine depletion and can be given intravenously, with a safety profile that is similar to equivalent multiple doses of intramuscular Escherichia coli asparaginase.
Selection for early and late adult emergence alters the rate of pre-adult development in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Vaze Koustubh M , Kumar Dhanya , Sharma Vijay K 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Circadian clocks have been implicated in the regulation of pre-adult development of fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster. It is believed that faster clocks speed up development and slower clocks slow it down. We established three sets of D. melanogaster populations (early, control and late). The early and late populations were raised by selecting for flies that emerged either in the morning or in the evening under 12:12 hr light/dark (LD) cycles. After 75 generations of selection, the time course and waveform of the adult emergence and activity rhythms of the early and the late populations diverged from each other as well as from the controls. In this paper, we report the consequence of this selection on the rate of pre-adult development.

Results
We assayed the pre-adult development time of the selected and control populations under 12:12 hr LD cycles and constant darkness (DD). Under LD cycles, the early populations develop faster than the controls, while the late populations develop slower than the controls. Although flies take longer to develop under DD than in LD, the relative differences between the mean development times of the selected and control populations remain unaltered in DD. In a separate experiment designed to investigate the effect of time of egg collection and experimental conditions on the duration of pre-adult stage, we assayed the development time of the selected and control populations by collecting eggs at different times of the day (morning and evening) and by assaying their pre-adult development time under constant light (LL), LD, and DD conditions. Irrespective of the time of egg collection and assay light regime, the late flies continue to develop slower than the early flies.

Conclusion
The results of our study clearly indicate that selection on the timing of adult emergence alters the rate of pre-adult development in D. melanogaster. The timing of egg collection as well as assay light regime does not have any measurable effect on the relative differences between the developmental rates of the early and the late flies. Taken together these results appear to suggest that pleiotropic effects of clock genes mediate correlated changes in the timing of adult emergence and the rate of pre-adult development in D. melanogaster.
Post traumatic intra thoracic spleen presenting with upper GI bleed! – a case report
Authors: Hariharan Deepak , Singhal Rishi , Kinra Sonali , Chilton Andrew 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Isolated splenic vein thrombosis with left sided portal hypertension is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleed. Diagnosis is difficult and requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleed in the presence of splenomegaly and normal liver function tests.

Case presentation
A 64 year old male presented with haematemesis and melaena. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed the presence of antral erosions in the stomach and fundal varices. A computerised tomography scan of abdomen confirmed the presence of a diaphragmatic tear and the spleen to be lying in the left hemi thorax. The appearances of the splenic vein on the scan were consistent with thrombosis.

Conclusion
Left sided portal hypertension as a result of isolated splenic vein thrombosis secondary to trauma is rare. The unusual presentation of our case, splenic herniation into the left hemithorax, causing fundal varices leading to upper gastrointestinal bleed 28 years after the penetrating injury, makes this case most interesting. We believe that this has not been reported in literature before.
Comprehensive analysis of the ATM, CHEK2 and ERBB2genes in relation to breast tumour characteristics and survival: a population-based case-control and follow-up study
Authors: Einarsdóttir Kristjana , Rosenberg Lena U , Humphreys Keith , Bonnard Carine , Palmgren Juni , Li Yuqing , Li Yi , Chia Kee S , Liu Edison T , Hall Per , Liu Jianjun , Wedrén Sara 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Background
Mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) genes and amplification of the v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2) gene have been suggested to have an important role in breast cancer aetiology. However, whether common variation in these genes has a role in the development of breast cancer or breast cancer survival in humans is still not clear.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive haplotype analysis of the ATM, CHEK2 and ERBB2 genes in a Swedish population-based study, which included 1,579 breast cancer cases and 1,516 controls. We followed the cases for 8.5 years, on average, and retrieved information on the date and cause of death during that period from the nationwide Swedish causes of death registry. We selected seven haplotype-tagging SNPs (tagSNPs) in the ATM gene, six tagSNPs in the CHEK2 gene and seven tagSNPs in the ERBB2 gene that predicted both haplotypic and single locus variations in the respective genes with R2 values ≥ 0.8. These tagSNPs were genotyped in the complete set of cases and controls. We computed expected haplotype dosages of the tagSNP haplotypes and included the dosages as explanatory variables in Cox proportional hazards or logistic regression models.

Results
We found no association between any genetic variation in the ATM, CHEK2 or ERBB2 genes and breast cancer survival or the risk of developing tumours with certain characteristics.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that common variants in the ATM, CHEK2 or ERBB2 genes are not involved in modifying breast cancer survival or the risk of tumour-characteristic-defined breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Survival and Tumor Characteristics in Premenopausal Women Carrying the CHEK2*1100delC Germline Mutation
Authors: Schmidt Marjanka K. , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , de Kemp Sanne R. , Broeks Annegien , Cornelisse Cees J. , Smit Vincent T.H.B.M. , Peterse Johannes L. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Van 't Veer Laura J. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Women carrying a CHEK2*1100delC germline mutation have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. This study aims to determine the proportion of CHEK2*1100delC carriers in a premenopausal breast cancer population, unselected for family history of breast cancer, and to investigate tumor characteristics and disease outcome with sufficient follow-up. Patients and Methods We identified a retrospective cohort of 1,479 patients, who received surgery for invasive breast cancer between 1970 and 1994. All patients were diagnosed before age 50. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected for DNA isolation (normal tissue), subsequent CHEK2*1100delC analysis, and tumor revision. Median follow-up was 10.1 years. Results We detected a CHEK2*1100delC germline mutation in 54 patients (3.7%). Tumor characteristics of CHEK2*1100delC carriers did not differ significantly from those of noncarriers. CHEK2*1100delC carriers had a two-fold increased risk (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.3; P = .049) of developing a second breast cancer and they had worse recurrence-free survival (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.4; P = .006) and worse breast cancer–specific survival (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1; P = .072) compared with noncarriers. The poorer disease outcome of CHEK2*1100delC carriers could not be explained by the increased risk of second breast cancer. Conclusion Our study, which is representative for the premenopausal breast cancer population, reveals approximately 4% CHEK2*1100delC carriers have an increased risk of second breast cancer and a worse long-term recurrence-free survival rate. Their identification at time of diagnosis and prolonged intensive follow-up should be considered to optimize clinical management.
The First Total Synthesis of Vinaxanthone, a Fungus Metabolite Possessing Multiple Bioactivities
Authors: Tatsuta Kuniaki , Kasai Soko , Amano Yuki , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Seki Masashi , Hosokawa Seijiro 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Vinaxanthone (1) has been biomimetically synthesized from vanillin (2) through an intermolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition between two molecules of the precursor 11.
Oxalic Acid-promoted Preparation of Dithioacetals from Carbonyl Compounds or Acetals
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Nakao Yuichi , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
This letter describes oxalic acid-promoted syntheses of dithioacetals from carbonyl compounds and thiols. Acetals are also converted into dithioacetals by the reaction with thiols under similar conditions.
A Convenient, Catalyst-free Cross-coupling Reaction of α-Sulfur-substituted Alkylstannanes with Acid Chlorides Leading to α-Sulfur-substituted Ketones
Authors: Kagoshima Hirotaka , Takahashi Naoshi 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
A thermal cross-coupling reaction of α-sulfur-substituted alkylstannanes with acid chlorides is described. A range of substrates can be used for the present reaction and the reaction proceeds by just mixing two components under reflux in mesitylene to give the corresponding α-sulfur-substituted ketones in good yields.
Synthesis of Oxy Aminated [60] and [70]Fullerenes with Cumene Hydroperoxide as Oxidant
Authors: Lemiègre Loïc , Tanaka Takatsugu , Nanao Takeshi , Isobe Hiroyuki , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Treatment of [60] or [70]fullerene with excess secondary amine and 3 equiv. of cumene hydroperoxide regioselectively afforded a mono-oxygenated tetraamino or diamino fullerene in good to high yield. The reaction is operationally simple and applicable to a large-scale synthesis.
Synthesis and Structure of Optically Active 1,12-Diethyl- and 1,12-Diisopropylbenzo[c]phenanthrenes: An Isopropyl Group Can Be Smaller than a Methyl Group
Authors: Sugiura Hiroki , Sakai Daisuke , Otani Harunori , Teranishi Kazuhiro , Takahira Yusuke , Amemiya Ryo , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
1,12-Diethyl- and 1,12-diisopropylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-5,8-dicarboxylic acids were synthesized, and resolved. The dihedral angles formed by the A and D rings increased in the order of diisopropyl &lt; diethyl &lt; dimethyl as indicated by X-ray analysis, which showed that the strain decreased with the increase of the bulkiness at the 1,12-groups.
(ET)3(Br3)5: A Metallic Conductor with an Unusually High Oxidation State of ET (ET = Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene)
Authors: Minemawari Hiromi , Naito Toshio , Inabe Tamotsu 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of ET with Br− in methanol/CHCl3 yields a metallic crystalline product, (ET)3(Br3)5, in which the bromine chemical species is all Br3− and the formal charge of ET becomes an unusually high value (5/3+).
Peptide Ligation Using a Building Block Having a Cysteinyl Prolyl Ester (CPE) Autoactivating Unit at the Carboxy Terminus
Authors: Kawakami Toru , Aimoto Saburo 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
CPE peptide ligation using a building block containing a cysteinyl prolyl ester (CPE) autoactivating unit is described. The peptide building block can be prepared by a standard Fmoc chemistry and used in thiol-mediated ligation, such as native chemical ligation.
Morphology-controlled TiO2 Nanoparticle Synthesis via Aerosol-assisted Vapor-phase Reactions
Authors: Matsui Isao , Fujimori Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
TiO2 particles with various morphologies have been synthesized via aerosol-assisted vapor-phase reactions. Vapor source materials and/or aerosol droplets containing source materials were fed into a quartz tube and heated in a two temperature zone electric furnace. The reaction method meant that a combination of gas-phase decomposition and crystal growth in the liquid droplet phase occurred. This resulted in the controlled formation of variously shaped crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles varying from single crystal nanoparticles to unique dendritic nanostructures grown on a core particle.
Quercetin-induced Conformational Change of Human Serum Transferrin
Authors: Du Hongyan , Xiang Junfeng , Tang Yalin , Wang Zhanli 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Conformational change of Tf induced by a natural compound, quercetin, is found. A possible interaction mechanism has been proposed based on the pH-dependent release of quercetin from quercetin–Tf complex and molecular modelling. These results present a potential method to use Tf for target-oriented delivery of drug molecules.
Ability of Fluorinated AOT Analogues for Microemulsion Formation in Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Nagai Takabumi , Fujii Kazuhisa , Otake Katsuto , Abe Masahiko 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
To clarify the relationship between the structure and the ability of fluorinated AOT analogues for W/scCO2 microemulsion formation, we examined the AOT analogues having fluoroalkyl groups of different lengths, and CF2H, CF3, or CF(CF3)2 moieties at the terminal of the fluorinated CO2-philic tails. It was found that both the length and the structure of the fluoroalkyl groups contained in AOT molecules affect the ability.