bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascularized and nonvascularized parathyroid gland transfer: A comparative study
Authors: Monsivais Jose J. , Cordts Paul R. , O'Hair Kevin C. , Moreno Albert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is currently no animal model available to study the results of vascularized parathyroid gland autotransfers and nonvascularized autotransfers in the same model. This study was undertaken to determine the technical feasibility of performing microvascular parathyroid gland autotransfers in the dog, and to compare the postoperative levels of calcium, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to a group of dogs who underwent nonvascularized parathyroid gland transfers.Dogs in the nonvascularized group were unable to maintain normal calcium without supplements, whereas dogs in the vascularized group maintained levels in the normal range. Microsurgical techniques allow transplant of a precise amount of parathyroid gland with its vascular supply to another part of the body with almost immediate restoration of function. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsurgical use of polydioxanone (PDS) suture: An experimental report
Authors: Takeishi Meisei , Hirase Yuichi , Kojima Tadao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough many technological advances have been made in surgical materials, nylon is still the main suture material used for microvascular surgery. This study sought to evaluate polydioxanone (PDS) sutures for use in microvascular anastomoses. Twenty‐eight male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used in this experiment. Spatula‐type needles with 9‐0 PDS suture were used to anastomose the right femoral arteries, with 9‐0 nylon used on the left side. The arteries were observed for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery to determine arterial patency and to evaluate vascular pathology. Results were comparable between PDS and nylon. We suggest that if the suture material is redesigned to allow smooth passage through the tissue, and if the needle used in conjunction with the suture is improved, PDS may offer an excellent material for microvascular anastomosis. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic cyclosporin A therapy in rats
Authors: Midha Rajiv , Mackinnon Susan E. , Wade Judy A. , Evans Peter J. , Best Timothy J. , Wong P. Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe investigated the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A (CsA) blood levels and drug toxicity in a chronic rat study in which long‐term (30 weeks) CsA was administered. Ninety Lewis rats received subcutaneous CsA at 5 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks, at which time CsA injections were stopped in 50 animals. The remaining 40 rats were maintained on 5 mg/kg CsA daily until week 18 and then switched to an alternate day dosing until week 30. All rats were observed daily and weighed weekly. Whole blood CsA levels were determined by a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit. The daily dosing regimen resulted in greatly elevated trough CsA levels (>1,600 μg/liter) and substantial chronic systemic toxicity, with weight loss and death in eight animals. Alternate day dosing reduced trough levels (mean 1,311 μg/liter) and decreased toxicity. Chronic administration by the subcutaneous route resulted in a considerable depot effect, with constancy of drug levels over a 48 hr dosing interval and a slow decline of drug levels (15 days) upon cessation of treatment. These results underscore the importance of monitoring both body weight and blood CsA levels in rodent studies when CsA is employed. Investigators should be aware of drug accumulation with chronic therapy and the consequent need to modify dosing to prevent toxicity. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental study of free toe replantation in rats
Authors: Jiang Ji‐Fu , Gu Yu‐Dong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rat model for free second toe replantation, free hallux‐to‐thumb transplantation, and combined free haltux‐to‐thumb transplantation and free second‐toe‐to‐index transfer is described. Experimental devices, operative methods, and the keys to success are discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐molecular‐weight heparin exerts an early antithrombotic effect in small arteries and veins following severe trauma
Authors: Zhang Baimeng , Wieslander Jan B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdministration of low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) and standard heparin was studied by evaluating vessel bleeding, patency, and thrombotic material following severe vascular trauma. Arteriotomy and intimectomy or venotomy and intimectomy were performed on small rabbit arteries or veins in two separate blinded studies. All vessels were closed using a continuous microvascular suture. Patency and weight of thrombotic materials were evaluated 2 hr after reperfusion. In the arterial study, two groups of 23–24 arteries were treated with saline or LMWH systemically. Bleeding times were 89 ± 15 sec in the control group and 103 ± 27 sec in the LMWH group; there was no significant difference between the groups. Patency was significantly increased in the LMWH group (79%) compared to the control group (52%). The weight of thrombotic material in the LMWH group (1.39 ± 0.20 mg per artery) was significantly different compared to the control group (2.19 ± 0.22 mg per artery). In the venous study, 65 veins were divided into three groups (21–23 vessels/group) and treated with systemic saline, heparin, or LMWH. Bleeding times in the conventional heparin group (37 ± 7 sec), the control group (23 ± 3 sec), and LMWH group (22 ± 4 sec) were not significantly different. The patency rates were significantly increased in the heparin (42%) and LMWH (39%) groups compared to the control group (0%). The weight of thrombotic material in each vein was significantly less in the LMWH (1.07 ± 0.24 mg) and heparin (1.78 ± 0.52 mg) groups than in the control group (3.78 ± 0.29 mg). In conclusion, LMWH exerts an antithrombotic effect in small arteries and veins during the most crucial 2 hr following severe trauma without increasing bleeding. The results indicate usefulness of this LMWH in microvascular surgery. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiologic alteration of fibrinogen levels: Influence upon patency of microvenous anastomoses
Authors: Cooley Brian C. , Fowler J. David , Gould John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHigh baseline levels of plasma fibrinogen have been correlated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Since fibrinogen plays a central role in both coagulation and platelet aggregation and is a primary component of thrombi, this study was designed to assess the relationship of circulating fibrinogen concentration and vein anastomotic patency. Subcutaneously injected turpentine was used to increase, and intravenous ancrod (snake venom) to decrease, plasma fibrinogen levels. Rat femoral vein anastomoses were performed, and patency was assessed after 120 min of flow. Rat tail bleeding times were obtained, and blood samples were drawn to determine fibrinogen and plasma protein concentrations, Lee‐White clotting times, and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT). Increased patency was found in the ancrod group (88%) (P<0.05 vs. controls); turpentine‐treated and control groups were not significantly different (71% and 63%, respectively). The ancrod group also showed significantly prolonged tail bleeding times and APTT. Fibrinogen levels were significantly decreased in the ancrod group (1.73 mg/ml) and elevated in the turpentine group (4.91 mg/ml) vs. controls (2.34 mg/ml; P<0.005). These results indicate that elevated fibrinogen levels, in particular when triggered by an acute‐phase response, do not appear to predispose small vessel repairs toward thrombosis. Furthermore, this study supports the use of ancrod as an anticoagulant for microvascular surgery. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term results of 1 millimeter arterial anastomosis using the 3M precise microvascular anastomotic system
Authors: Lanzetta Marco , Owen Earl R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe 3M Precise Microvascular Anastomotic System has been tested experimentally in long‐term studies of arteries of 1 mm in diameter for the first time. The device was placed, using a newly described technique, in the infrarenal aorta of 25 rats. At different intervals (2 weeks, 16 weeks, and 1 year), the section containing the 3M Precise Microvascular Anastomotic System was removed and processed for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All the anastomoses were found to be patent. Using a new device to process the material, both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy at 2 weeks showed a perfect reparative process at the junction site and the presence of a continuous endothelial layer. Media atrophy was responsible for wall thinning within the device. At 16 weeks, the atrophy of the media was even more marked, reducing the vessel wall thickness within the device to one‐third of normal. At 1 year, this atrophy of the media was complete; smooth muscle cells disappeared and were replaced by fibrous tissue. Adventitia was not present over the long term within the device. The continuous endothelial layer, however, was still viable. These long‐term results suggest that scar tissue forms within the device, while a continuous endothelial layer remains viable internal to this. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a new rabbit ear model for the longitudinal study of digital pathophysiology
Authors: Smith Thomas L. , Koman L. Andrew 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rabbit ear model has been developed in which arterial pressure, auricular blood flow conductance, and microvascular perfusion can be followed continuously in conscious animals. Conductance is measured with a transit‐time flow probe placed around the auricular artery, arterial pressure is measured with an abdominal aortic catheter, and cutaneous microvascular perfusion is assessed using laser Doppler fluxmetry. Placement of a femoral vein catheter permits administration of vasoactive substances. To date, rabbits have been instrumented for 90 days or longer. Auricular and abdominal arterial pressures were equal, permitting the calculation of auricular artery conductance. Microvascular perfusion as measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry followed changes in overall blood flow. The presence of postsynaptic α2‐receptors was confirmed by determining auricular conductance before and after the administration of intravenous α‐agonists. The development of this unique model will help to advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of human digital thermoregulatory vascular abnormalities. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsurgical approach to the abdominal thoracic duct in the rat: Considerations in the collection of lymphocytes
Authors: Frank W. , Stuhldreher D. , Muchnik S. , Shaw M. , Chou B. , Rubenstein M. , Ray P. , Guinan P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn experiments involving the collection of thoracic duct lymphocytes the anatomy of the abdominal thoracic duct in the rat has been further defined. In general, the abdominal thoracic duct lies posterior and to the left of the aorta between the renal arteries and the diaphragm. There are variations in the microsurgical approach to the classically described location of this organ that should be noted by investigators attempting to identify and dissect this Structure. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New rapid technique for renal transplantation in the rat
Authors: Engelbrecht Gert , Kahn Delawir , Duminy Francois , Hickman Rosemary 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPresent techniques for renal transplantation in the rat include a period of 20–25 minutes warm ischemia. Our method combines a recently described sleeve anastomotic technique for the renal artery, conventional end‐to‐end anastomosis of the renal vein, and implantation of the ureter into the bladder. This has resulted in a reproducible ischemic interval of 12–14 minutes. Plasma creatinine and histological features in animals sacrificed from 10 to 30 days after transplantation were within normal limits with no evidence of ischemic damage. A further advantage of the technique is that kidneys can be exchanged between the donor and recipient. It is recommended that this procedure, which reduces the ischemic interval by up to 50%, should be learned and employed in studies of renal transplantation in the rat, especially if such studies include the prior administration of cyclosporine, which may aggravate the effects of ischemia. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small bowel transplantation in the mouse: Development of a model
Authors: Squiers Elizabeth C. , Kelley Stephen E. , West John C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rat has been used as a model to study the significance of graft and host interactions in small bowel transplantation (SBTX). A mouse model of SBTX would allow investigators to apply the knowledge of the well‐defined genetics in the mouse to this field of study. Therefore, we have developed a mouse model of heterotopic SBTX using syngeneic C57BL6/J mice. Animals were anesthetized with a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Donor animals underwent midline laparotomy, with isolation of a segment of bowel as an isograft for transplantation to a recipient animal. The bowel was flushed in situ prior to removal of the graft with a Carrel patch of aorta and portal vein. The recipient animal underwent midline laparotomy and preparation of its infrarenal aorta and inferior vena cava for end‐to‐side anastomosis of the graft with 10‐0 nylon. After vascular reperfusion of the graft the ends of the isografted bowel were brought out as stomata. Successful grafts were later assessed for viability by laparotomy or histological examination at the time of sacrifice. Areas of technical difficulty in this model and issues that might improve the experimental results are discussed. This model should allow investigators to apply the well‐defined genetics of the mouse to probe the challenging field of intestinal transplantation. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free flap failure due to venous occlusion secondary to previous intravenous cannulation: A case report
Authors: Beckingham Ian J. , Wilson Geoffrey R. , McLean Neil R. , Soames James V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case of failure of a free radial forearm flap is presented. It is surmised that this was due to venous thrombosis in the cephalic vein which showed evidence of recanalization of an old thrombus. The patient had received intravenous erythromycin some months previously. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of major penetrating glass injuries to the upper extremities in children and adolescents
Authors: Iconomou Thomais G. , Zuker Ronald M. , Michelow Bryan J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPenetrating glass injuries are a common cause of severe neurovascular damage, both in adults and in children. Frequently, an innocent skin wound disguises the extensive nature of the injuries beneath. Nineteen children and adolescents (ages 3–16 years) with a mean age of 9 years who sustained upper extremity penetrating glass wounds were evaluated retrospectively in order (1) to determine the incidence of unappreciated significant neurologic, musculotendonous, or vascular injury; (2) to provide indications for intraoperative evaluation under anesthesia; and (3) to further define the role of microneurorrhaphy in this population. Twelve patients sustained injuries above the elbow and seven patients injuries distal to the elbow. Above the elbow, the structures injured in order of frequency were the median nerve (75%), the brachial artery (58%), the ulnar nerve (50%), the musculocutaneous nerve (33%), sensory nerves of the arm and forearm and venae commitantes (42% each), the radial nerve (25%), and the chords of the brachial plexus (8%). Distal to the elbow, the ulnar nerve was the most frequently involved (71%), followed by the ulnar artery (57%), the flexor carpi ulnaris (57%), the superficialis and profundus flexor tendons (43%), the median nerve (43%), and the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis (14% each). Early exploration is critical to successful management. Vascular repairs and or microneurorrhaphy were necessary in all cases. A detailed follow‐up evaluation to assess the results of these repairs was carried out from 4 to 9 years postsurgery. There were no clinical problems related to the vascular reconstructions. The results of the nerve repairs in this small series of children and adolescents were remarkably good. Sensory modalities and motor function approached normality. Of particular note was the return of intrinsic motor function even in high axillary injuries. Microsurgical reconstruction following penetrating glass injuries to the upper extremities in children and adolescence is a worthwhile procedure, yielding surprisingly good results. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Novel microsurgical model of experimental vascular neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Tennant Marc , Barker Andrew , Storrie Ann E. , McGeachie John K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNeointimal hyperplasia is a common finding after trauma to blood vessels and also as a primary change in atherosclerosis. In this study we have developed a simple model, using microsurgical techniques, for the initiation of neointimal hyperplasia in the rat. In 24 Wistar rats, a 2 mm‐diameter arteriotomy in the aorta was repaired with a „patch”︁ of iliolumbar vein, using eight evenly spaced 10‐0 Ethilon sutures. The patch overlapped the edges of the arteriotomy, and the sutures fastened the patch to the subjacent aorta. At 2, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, the venous patch grafts and segments of the adjacent aortae of eight rats were removed. One‐half of the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the other one‐half by light microscopy. All patch grafts were surgically successful. Endothelial cells regenerated to cover the patch within 2 weeks of insertion. By 6 weeks after surgery, neointimal hyperplasia, consisting predominantly of smooth muscle, had developed in all patches to a thickness that was not significantly different from that of the adjacent aorta. These findings are consistent with data from other more complex experimental models of neointimal hyperplasia in the rat. We consider that this venous patch technique is a simple but effective model for the initiation of neointimal hyperplasia in the rat and may easily be used to study the experimental effects of various injurious or therapeutic agents on neointimal hyperplasia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Hemodynamic comparison of microsurgical closures for longitudinal arteriotomies
Authors: Cipoletti Robert D. , Moneim Moheb S. , Greene E. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐four femoral arteries in 12 rats were used to compare longitudinal and transverse closures in blood vessels ∼ 1 mm in diameter. The closure techniques were applied to a simple longitudinal slit, 1 mm long, and to a longitudinal defect, 0.5 mm wide and 1 mm long. Comparisons were made of the change in pre‐ and postrepair flow velocities, recorded every 5 min using a 20‐MHz pulsed Doppler velocimeter. Maximum reductions in flow velocity (linearly related to volume flow) were 10% and 29% for the longitudinal and transverse repairs, respectively, when applied to the longitudinal slit, and 65% and 19%, respectively, when applied to the larger arteriotomy. An analysis of variance indicates that the differences in the normalization of flow velocities during the immediate postrepair period are significant (P < 0.05). We conclude that optimal flow normalization is achieved by applying the longitudinal repair to the simple slit and the transverse repair to the larger arteriotomy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
”︁Plasmatic imbibition„ in the rat musculocutaneous pedicled venous flap: Enzymatic proof using horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Fukui Akihiro , Maeda Masami , Tamai Susumu , Inada Yuji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo determine the reason for survival of a pedicled venous flap in which only a draining vein is preserved, it is important to clarify what kind of blood flow is present in the preserved draining vein. Pedicled venous flaps were prepared on the dorsum of the rat and histologically evaluated using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was applied between the flap and recipient bed in one group. In the other group, HRP was injected into the femoral vein after the flap was turned over (to prevent contact with the recipient bed). The flaps in these HRP‐treated groups were compared with untreated control groups. HRP applied between the flap and recipient bed was imbibed into the flap and subsequently transferred into the preserved draining vein. HRP that was injected into the femoral vein was also found in the draining vein of the flap. These results suggest that (1) plasmatic imbibition occurs in pedicled venous flaps; and (2) antegrade and retrograde blood flow are present in the draining Vein. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Refinement of the rat crush‐avulsion femoral artery injury model
Authors: Rooks Michael D. , Rodriquez Jorge , McNaughton Mark , Turnidge Kip , Zusmanis Kathy , Hutton William 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA model for studying arterial crush‐avulsion injuries in the rat is described. The model uses a standardized crush of ∼0.3 joules and a standardized avulsion. The crush is accomplished by gravity acceleration of a 400 g weight over a distance of 7.5 cm. The weight impacts an anvil over the artery distributing the force of the impact over a 10 mm length of the vessel. The avulsion is accomplished by a hemostat attached to a second, 120g weight. Vascular stasis for 90 sec after vessel repair in a 175–225 g rat will consistently result in an 80% anastomotic failure. The model allows evaluation of anticoagulant effects singly or in combination. Agents may be given either systemically by intravenous route or locally by intraarterial route. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Development of a mouse intestinal transplantation model
Authors: Zhong Robert , Zhang Zheng , Quan Douglas , Duff John , Stiller Calvin , Grant David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have recently developed a mouse intestinal transplantation model. The proximal segment of donor jejunum is transplanted into the recipient in a heterotopic position. End‐to‐side anastomoses are performed between donor aorta and recipient aorta and between donor portal vein and recipient inferior vena cava. Mortality rates were initially high due to shock, arterial thrombosis, and postoperative sepsis. Refinements in surgical techniques reduced these complications, resulting in a high rate of success. Important technical factors included (1) minimizing ischemic injuries to the graft in both the donor and the recipient, (2) using an aortic patch and elliptical aortotomy for anastomosis, (3) administering large volumes of crystalloid to maintain normal blood pressure during the donor and recipient surgeries, and (4) using broad‐spectrum antibiotics as postoperative prophylaxis. The mice with isografts had normal intestinal function and histology when they were sacrificed 1 month after surgery. This new model of small bowel transplantation will be a useful tool to study the immunology of intestinal grafting at the molecular level. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Monitoring techniques for the detection of flow failure in the postoperative period
Authors: Neugan Peter C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFree tissue transfer is now a commonly used reconstructive tool. Vascular compromise is still a common complication and salvage rates of compromised flaps have been in the region of 50%. Numerous monitoring techniques have been tried but there is yet no single technique which has enjoyed universal acceptance. This paper reviews the available techniques and indicates where current trends are leading. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Pharmacologic intervention in ischemia‐induced reperfusion injury in the skeletal muscle
Authors: Pang Cho Y. , Forrest Christopher R. , Mounsey Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article provides a concise review on the potential causes of ischemia‐induced reperfusion (I/R) injury and pharmacologic intervention in the skeletal muscle. Special emphasis is placed on the recent observation of the acute ischemic preconditioning phenomenon for prevention of I/R injury in skeletal muscle. Finally, the mechanism of ischemic preconditioning and its clinical applications for augmentation of skeletal muscle tolerance to prolonged ischemic insult are discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.