bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pattern of down syndrome among children in Qatar: A population‐based study
Authors: Wahab Atqah Abdul , Bener Abdulbari , Sandridge Amy L. , Hoffmann Georg F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence pattern of Down Syndrome (DS) in children <5 years of age in the State of Qatar. This is a retrospective descriptive study. The study was conducted in the Hamad General Hospital, Women's Hospital, and Rumailah Hospital (Hamad Medical Corporation). A total of 146 children were reported as having DS during the 6‐year period from 1 January 2000 to December 31, 2005.METHODS:The diagnostic classification of definitive DS was made in accordance with criteria based on the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision (ICD‐10). The data collected from the medical records included sociodemographic characteristics of the children, genetic and family history, pedigree analysis, and clinical genetic examination.RESULTS:A total of 146 children were diagnosed with DS during the last 6‐year period and the prevalence rate is 19.5 per 10,000 live births. Of these, 40.4% were Qataris and 59.6% were non‐Qataris. DS was slightly more common in boys (52.7%) than girls (47.3%). Infants <1 year old had the highest frequency of DS (40.4%), followed by children (1–2) years (26%). The most common abnormality was regular trisomy (98%). Also, one‐half of the studied children had congenital heart problems (51.7%). There is a significant relationship between DS and maternal age as reported by other studies in other countries.CONCLUSION:The identification of specific types of chromosomal abnormalities in DS children is important as it enables clinicians to accurately counsel the parent regarding the recurrence risk and available options. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of antegrade continence enema procedures for faecal incontinence in adults
Authors: Lefèvre J H , Parc Y , Giraudo G , Bell S , Parc R , Tiret E 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Faecal incontinence has major consequences. Colostomy has been the mainstay of therapy when other options fail. Operations such as the Malone procedure have been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and quality of life of patients having a Malone procedure for the treatment of faecal incontinence.

Methods
Charts of patients who had had a Malone procedure or equivalent between 1998 and 2004 were reviewed. The patients completed a Short Form (SF) 36 quality of life questionnaire.

Results
The study included 25 patients (17 female; median age 47 years). In seven, the appendix was used; an ileoneoappendicostomy was performed in the other 18. Three patients were lost to follow-up; the remaining 22 were followed for a median (range) of 21 (1–61) months. Five patients had a cutaneous stenosis; another had the appendicostomy removed and replaced by a colostomy. Four patients no longer used the stoma for irrigation. All other patients were completely clean except one, who reported occasional night-time seepage. The mean SF-36 showed a good physical recovery (43·9) but persisting psychological distress (36·0).

Conclusion
The Malone procedure or equivalent achieves good results in the management of faecal incontinence, although psychological distress persists after surgery.
Interpretive flexibility: why doesn't insight incite controversy in mental health law?
Authors: Diesfeld Kate , Sjöström Stefan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis research investigates how the term “insight” was employed in 25 decisions from mental health review proceedings in Victoria, Australia. The application of insight appears problematic in these decisions. First, there is little clarification of its meaning. Second, the logic applied when insight is related to compliance is often unclear. Third, there are frequent allusions to an implicit and undefined scale of insight, offering the appearance of objectivity. We have analysed insight as an ‘interpretive resource’, focusing on its various functions in the complex social context of commitment hearings and with a view to its therapeutic jurisprudence implications. The variable application of insight—its interpretive flexibility—appears useful in addressing complex problems faced by review boards. Hence, a key function of insight is to bridge between legal and clinical discourses. Insight is also a convenient means to avoid complicated debates regarding the person's credibility. By analysing insight in Victoria, we hope to contribute to better theoretical understanding of decision‐making patterns in mental health law in general. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Molecular Mechanism of the Termination of Insect Diapause, Part 1: A Timer Protein, TIME‐EA4, in the Diapause Eggs of the Silkworm Bombyx mori is a Metallo‐Glycoprotein
Authors: Isobe Minoru , Kai Hidenori , Kurahashi Takuya , Suwan Sathorn , Pitchayawasin‐Thapphasaraphong Suthasinee , Franz Thomas , Tani Naoki , Higashi Kenichiro , Nishida Hideo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTIME‐EA4 is an ATPase that measures time intervals, functioning as a diapause duration clock in diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Characterization of the primary and higher structures of the TIME‐EA4 would be desirable to clarify the mechanism by which the protein measures the time intervals. In our current studies, the whole sequence of TIME‐EA4 has been established as that of a metallo‐glycoprotein by combinational means involving peptide sequence analysis, nano‐HPLC–ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS and MS/MS, and cDNA dictation. The amino acid sequence of TIME‐EA4 showed 46–55 % homology with the reported proteins of the Cu,Zn‐SOD (superoxide dismutase) family; in particular, the SOD active site (core domain) includes metal‐binding amino acid ligands and a disulfide bond, and these structures are completely identical in Bombyx SOD, bovine SOD, and TIME‐EA4 proteins. We found, however, that TIME‐EA4 contains one more copper ion than other SODs, as was proven under neutral nondenaturing conditions. ESI mass spectrometry revealed that the timer function was not in the SOD core domain. In addition, TIME‐EA4 has an attached sugar chain, which is indispensable to its functioning as a timer protein.
Silver‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans: A New Chiral Synthesis of Pterocarpans
Authors: Jiménez‐González Leticia , García‐Muñoz Sergio , Álvarez‐Corral Miriam , Muñoz‐Dorado Manuel , Rodríguez‐García Ignacio 
Published: September 2006

Abstract2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans can be diastereoselectively prepared by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with 2,3‐dihydrobenzoxasilepines under the catalysis of AgI complexes, and in the presence of a source of fluoride ion. The application of this strategy by using chiral catalysts leads to a new enantioselective total synthesis of natural cis‐pterocarpans and their trans isomers. Through this method, the first enantioselective total synthesis of the antifungal agent (−)‐pterocarpin was achieved. In addition, a new entry into the heteroaromatic system of 2,5‐dihydrobenzoxepine is also presented.
Energetic Bicyclic Azolium Salts
Authors: Gao Ye , Ye Chengfeng , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBicyclic azoles, 2‐methyl‐5‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazole (1), 2‐methyl‐5‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazole (4), 1‐methyl‐5‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole (7), 1‐methyl‐5‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole (10), 1‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐2‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐imidazole (13), and 1‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐imidazole (16) were prepared. Their thermally stable azolium salts, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18–21, with densities ranging between 1.519–1.674 g cm−3, were synthesized by quaternization with nitric or perchloric acid or with iodomethane followed by metathesis reactions with silver nitrate and silver perchlorate. The structures of 12 b and 21 b were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The standard enthalpies of formation for some of the new salts were calculated by using the computationally feasible DFT(B3LYP) and MP2 methods in conjunction with an empirical approach based on densities of salts. The calculated values range from Δ${H{{{\circ}\hfill \atop {\rm f}\hfill}}}$=209.9 (21 a) to 412.3 (12 b) kJ mol−1 in which the experimental densities are >1.515 g cm−3.
Coupling–Isomerization Synthesis of Chalcones
Authors: Braun Roland U. , Ansorge Markus , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Sonogashira coupling of electron‐deficient (hetero)aryl halides 1 and (hetero)aryl or alkenyl 1‐propargyl alcohols 2 does not terminate at the stage of the expected internal propargyl alcohols, but rather gives rise to the formation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones 3 with a variety of acceptor substituents. This new domino reaction, a coupling–isomerization reaction (CIR), can be rationalized as a sequence of rapid Pd/Cu‐catalyzed alkynylation followed by a slow amine‐base‐catalyzed propargyl alcohol–enone isomerization. Performing the CIR in deuterated protic solvents or with a selectively deuterated propargyl alcohol revealed that the base‐catalyzed isomerization step proceeds through a formal 1,3‐H shift with minimal H/D exchange with the surrounding solvent. Additionally, 19F NMR kinetic measurements on the isomerization step with the fluorinated propargyl alcohol 4 r support the mechanistic rationale.
Perylenophthalocyanines
Authors: Cammidge Andrew N. , Gopee Hemant 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe first perylenophthalocyanines have been synthesised using a Diels–Alder reaction between dialkylperylenes and fumaronitrile as the key step towards the dinitrile precursors. As expected the octaalkylperylenophthalocyanines show red‐shifted absorption spectra. They are high melting solids that do not display mesophase behaviour at accessible temperatures. A 3:1 phthalocyanine/perylenophthalocyanine hybrid material, prepared by a mixed macrocyclisation reaction, presents an unusual board‐like molecular profile. Its absorption maxima lie between those observed for the parent phthalocyanines and the symmetrical perylenophthalocyanines. The spectrum shows a characteristic split Q‐band due to the reduced symmetry of the core. This material is non‐mesogenic but is sufficiently soluble to permit processing and characterisation. The 1H NMR spectrum indicates that at least two of the appended alkyl chains are displaced out of the macrocycle plane and lie in its shielding region—an arrangement that disfavours the face‐to‐face packing required for mesophase formation.
Terminally Coordinated AsS and PS Ligands
Authors: Balázs Gábor , Green Jennifer C. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe terminal AsS and PS complexes [(N3N)W(ES)] (N3N=N(CH2CH2NSiMe3)3; E=P (3), As (4)) were synthesised by reaction of [(N3N)WAs] and [(N3N)WP], respectively, with cyclohexene sulfide. Both complexes present very short WE and ES bond lengths. The bonding was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the fragment calculation method and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. According to the fragment analysis, in which the complexes were separated in an ES and a (N3N)W fragment, the bonding in complexes 3, 4 and [(N3N)W(SbS)] (5) is realised over a set of two σ (1σ and 2σ) and two degenerate π molecular orbitals (MOs) (1π and 2π). The 1σ MO is a bonding MO extended over the Nax‐W‐E‐S core, whereas the 2σ MO is localised mainly on the E–S fragment. The 1π set is a E–S localised bonding molecular orbital, whereas the 2π set is in phase with respect to W–E but in antiphase with respect to E–S. Both methods indicate bond orders around two for both the ES and the WE bonds. The polarity of the complexes was examined by Hirshfeld charge analysis. This shows that complexes 3 and 4 are only slightly polarised, whereas 5 is moderately polarised toward the sulphur. As suggested by the computational results, the π system in complexes 3–5 is best described by two three‐centre four‐electron bonds.
Aggregation of Dodecyl 1‐Pyrenylmethyl Ether and Its Application in Structure‐Polarity Relations of Aggregates†
Authors: Sang Da‐Yong , Tian Juan , Ji Guo‐Zhen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe aggregation behavior of dodecyl 1‐pyrenylmethyl ether was studied in dioxane‐water mixture solvents by fluorescence techniques. The labeled pyrenyl group was effective in monitoring the polarity change of its environment during aggregation processes. Based on the structural effects such as chain‐length effect, self‐coiling effect, and branch‐group effect on the polarity of the probe environment, the structure features of aggregates were discussed and have been used to interpret the effect of the structural features on the aggregates formed by three cholesteryl esters and three long chain alkanes.
Determination of Four Active Ingredients in Vc Yinqiao Tablets by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection†
Authors: LÜ Jin , Wang Qing‐Jiang , Cheng Xi , Liu Hai‐Yan , He Pin‐Gang , Fang Yu‐Zhi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA simple, reliable and reproducible method, based on capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CZE‐AD), has been developed for simultaneous determination of four active ingredients in Vc Yinqiao tablets including paracetamol, vitamin C, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. A carbon‐disk electrode was used as working electrode and 0.95 V (versus SCE) was selected as detection potential. The optimal conditions of CZE experiment were 30 mmol·L−1 borate solution (pH 9.5) as running buffer, 14 kV as separation voltage and 8 s (14 kV) as electro‐kinetic sampling time. Under the selected optimum conditions, paracetamol, vitamin C, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid could be perfectly separated within 22 min, and their detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 5×10−7 to1×10−6 mol·L−1. This proposed method demonstrated good reproducibility with relative standard deviations of less than 3% for both migration time and peak current (n=7). The utility of this method was demonstrated by monitoring a kind of compound medicine named Vc Yinqiao tablets and the assay results were satisfactory.
A New Pyrene‐Spacer‐Maleimide Dyad for Sensing Molecules with One or Two Thiol Groups†
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang De‐Qing , Zhu Dao‐Ben 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new pyrene‐spacer‐maleimide dyad 1 was used to selectively detect cysteine in the presence of other amino acids, and sequentially react with dithiols to generate the molecule with two pyrene units showing typical excimer fluorescence. Accordingly, dyad 1 was able to differentiate molecules with one or two thiol groups.
A Novel Catenarian Cyano(triphenyl phosphite) Copper(I) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal, Voltammetric and Spectral Properties†
Authors: Qiao Yuan‐Biao , Wang Ke‐Fei , Hu Li‐Hong , Jian Fang‐Fang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractQuantitative reaction between copper(I) cyanide and triphenyl phosphite forms copper(I) complex [(P(OPh)3)4Cu4(CN)4] (1). X‐Ray crystal structure shows a catenarian polymer of tandem interconnected copper cyanide, with C and N connecting to proximal Cu atoms. The Cu atoms adopt two different conformations:one exhibits linear construction, while the other exhibits distorted tetrahedral geometry through coordinating to two cyano groups and the P donors of triphenyl phosphite molecules. The feature of 1 is the propagation pattern of two‐ and four‐coordination along with the chain. IR and electronic absorption spectra also confirm the established single crystal structure. Thermal analysis indicates that 1 has a high thermal stability. 3‐D fluorescence result shows the middle absorption peaks with the maximum excitement and emission wavelength 342 and 350 nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammogram in DMSO, DMF and MeCN gives a midpoint voltage of −0.003, 0.061 and 0.137 V versus SCE, respectively, showing the different solvent virtue on reduction potential.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Two Novel Complexes Based on 2‐Aminopyridine and Polyoxometalates†
Authors: Gong Yun , Li Yang‐Guang , Li Hui , Wang Yong‐Hui , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo novel complexes based on 2‐aminopyridine and polyoxometalates (POMs) formulated as (C5H7N2)6‐[PMo11VMoVIO40(VIVO)4]·H2O (1) and (C5H7N2)16[P2W18O61.5]2 (2) were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, ICP, IR, UV‐Vis, TG, ESR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Complex 1 consists of a novel tetra‐capped Keggin POMs, [PMo11VMoVIO40(VIVO)4]6− in which four [VIVO5] square pyramids cap the equatorial positions of Keggin core [PMo11VMoVIO40]14−, linked together with six protonated 2‐aminopyridine via hydrogen bonding interactions. Dawson and lacunary Dawson POMs, [P2W18O62]6− and [P2W17O61]10− coexist in complex 2, they link together with sixteen protonated 2‐aminopyridine via hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 2 exhibits photochromic property.
Synthesis ofC‐Aryl‐flavonoid Derivatives via Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reaction†
Authors: Peng Wen‐Jie , Han Xiu‐Wen , Yu Biao 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA variety of 4′‐ and 3‐C‐aryl‐quercetin derivatives were conveniently synthesized via Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of the corresponding quercetin‐O‐triflates with aryl boronic acids or boronates.
Synthesis of Potential Inhibitiors for Stat‐3 Dimerization†
Authors: Cui Jia‐Rong , Jian Ya‐Jun , Wu Yi‐Kang , Xiao Qin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNine bioactive ochromycinone analogues were synthesized through two different types of routes. Some unexpected products were obtained in the photo‐induced oxidation. The syntheses disclosed herein complement those in the literature and offer inexpensive access to many of the known intermediates involved, most of which were studied years ago in completely different contexts.
Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoro‐2‐hydroxy/amino‐1‐fluoropropylphosphonates†
Authors: Zheng Wei‐Hong , Yuan Cheng‐Ye 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReaction of diethyl 2,2‐difluoro‐3‐(α‐methylbenzyl)imino‐4,4,4‐trifluoropropanephosphonate (3) with triethyl‐ amine afforded a mixture of normal [1,3]‐proton shift reaction product 5 and its HF‐eliminated compound 6Z in 1:1 ratio. Upon hydrolysis, this reaction mixture gave solely 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐2‐dioxypropanephosphonate (9). Reaction of 3 with DBU provided only 6, in which the ratio of E/Z forms was dependent on the reaction conditions. Aqueous hydrolysis of 6 led to 9. Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of 6 gave geometric isomers of 11 as expected. The reaction mechanism involved was discussed.
N‐Unsubstituted and N‐Arylated Fulleropyrrolidines: New Useful Building Blocks for C60 Functionalization†
Authors: Tong Chen‐Hua , Wu Zong‐Quan , Hou Jun‐Li , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo series of stable and soluble fulleropyrrolidines have been prepared from the reactions of C60, glycine or its N‐arylated derivatives and aliphatic aldehydes or ketones in refluxing toluene or chlorobenzene. The new C60 derivatives represent new useful building blocks for further preparation of more funcionalized C60 derivatives.
Self‐assembly of Hydrazide‐based Heterodimers Driven by Hydrogen Bonding and Donor‐Acceptor Interaction†
Authors: Feng Dai‐Jun , Wang Peng , Li Xiao‐Qiang , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new series of hydrogen bonding‐driven heterodimers have been self‐assembled in chloroform from hydrazide‐based monomers. Additional intermolecular donor‐acceptor interaction between the electron‐rich bis(p‐phenylene)‐34‐crown‐10 unit and the electron‐deficient naphthalene diimide unit has been utilized to increase the stability of the dimmers, and pronounced cooperativity of the two discrete non‐covalent forces to stabilize the dimer has been revealed by the quantitative 1H (2D) NMR and UV‐Vis experiments.
Kinetic Evidence for the Solvent Intervention in the Solvolysis of Tertiary Benzylic Benzoates†
Authors: Liu Kwang‐Ting , Chang Lih‐Wei , Chin Chien‐Pu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRates of solvolyses of 2‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐propyl benzoate (2b), 2‐(4‐methylthiophenyl)‐2‐propyl benzoate (3b) and 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propyl benzoate (4b) were measured, respectively, in ten or more different solvent systems. Additional YBnOPNB and YxBnOPNB values in binary trifluoroethanol‐water systems were determined. Grunwald‐Winstein type correlation analysis showed that YBnOPNB values were applicable to benzylic benzoates. The rate ratio, kOPNB/kOBz, was found to be solvent‐dependent in the range of 29 for 4 in ethanol to 4 for 2 in trifluoroethanol‐water. Non‐limiting mechanism, including both nucleophilic and electrophilic solvent assistance, in the solvolysis of 2b was discussed.
Synthesis, Structure, Thermal and Magnetic Properties of a New Open‐framework Borophosphate: NH4Mn(H2O)2BP2O8·H2O†
Authors: Shi Heng‐Zhen , Chang Jia‐Zhong , TANG‐BO He‐Jin , Ding Han‐Ming , Shan Yong‐Kui 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUsing new template agent, a new borophosphate compound, NH4Mn(H2O)2BP2O8·H2O was hydrothermally prepared and structurally characterized. It crystallizes in a hexagonal space group P6122 with lattice parameters a=0.9652(2) nm, c=1.5792(5) nm, V=1.2740(5) nm3 and Z=6. The structure has a three‐dimensional open‐frame work with borophosphate helical ribbons 1∞{[BP2O8]3− and MnO4(H2O)2 octahedra. The water molecules are positioned inside the helical channels. Very interestingly, the ammonium ions are located outside the loop of the free helical ribbons via the strong hydrogen bonds, which is different from the borophosphate analogue reported. The magnetization of the title compound is paramagnetic down to 5 K of the Curie‐Weiss type within the measured range of 5–300 K with ⊖=−7.3 K, indicative of very weak antiferromagnetic interactions. The thermal decomposition of the compound was also described.
Crystal Structure of an Octanuclear Sandwich Cluster of Silver(I) and 4,4′‐Bis(2,5‐dimethylstyryl)biphenyl†
Authors: Liu Shu‐Qin , Ning Gui‐Ling , Zhang Xiong‐Fu , Konaka Hisashi , Munakata Megumu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReaction of the oligo(phenylenevinylene) 4,4′‐bis(2,5‐dimethylstyryl)biphenyl (bdb) with CF3CO2Ag in benzene gave a novel octanuclear sandwich cluster [Ag8(bdb)2(C6H6)2(CF3CO2)8]·2C6H6 (1). The clusters are packed on each other through strong π‐π interactions to form 1D ′brick′ chains, between which the solvated benzene molecules are located. TG analysis showed that cluster 1 could completely liberate the guest benzene molecules at 105 °C and the coordinated benzene molecules at 180 °C. In solid state, cluster 1 exhibits fluorescence, and the emission band is red‐shifted compared with that of free ligand bdb.