bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCI‐186 prevents brain tissue from neuronal damage in cerebral infarction through the activation of intracellular signaling
Authors: Niyaz Madinyet , Numakawa Tadahiro , Matsuki Yoshinori , Kumamaru Emi , Adachi Naoki , Kitazawa Hiromi , Kunugi Hiroshi , Kudo Motoshige 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe mechanism by which MCI‐186 (3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐prazolin‐5‐one) exerts protective effects during cerebral infarction, other than its function as a radical scavenger, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that MCI‐186 stimulates intracellular survival signaling in vivo and in vitro. In a rat infarction model, the infarct area was significantly smaller and the degree of edema was reduced in MCI‐186‐treated animals. In the MCI‐186‐treated rats, the number of single stranded (ss) DNA‐positive damaged cells in the peri‐infarct area was decreased compared with the control, suggesting that MCI‐186 protects cerebral tissues from cell damage. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the effect of MCI‐186, we also examined the survival‐promoting effect of this agent on cultured cortical neurons. In this in vitro system, MCI‐186 blocked serum‐free induced neuronal cell death. Interestingly, an increase in the activation of both Akt (a component of the PI3 kinase pathway) and ERK (a component of the MAP kinase pathway) was observed in the cortical cultures after MCI‐186 exposure. Furthermore, the MCI‐186‐dependent survival effect in vitro was blocked by U0126, an MEK (an upstream of ERK) inhibitor, and also by LY294002, a PI3 kinase inhibitor. We also observed similar increases in the activation of Akt and ERK in the in vivo model, further suggesting that the antiapoptotic role of MCI‐186 is mediated via the PI3 kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways. We therefore conclude that, in addition to its role as a free radical scavenger, MCI‐186 functions as an antiapoptotic factor by enhancing intracellular survival signaling. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral vascular accumulation of Dutch‐type Aβ42, but not wild‐type Aβ42, in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Dutch type
Authors: Nishitsuji Kazuchika , Tomiyama Takami , Ishibashi Kenichi , Kametani Fuyuki , Ozawa Kazuharu , Okada Ryota , Maat‐Schieman Marion L. , Roos Raymund A.C. , Iwai Kazuhiro , Mori Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Dutch type (HCHWA‐D), is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by the Dutch mutation (E693Q) in the β‐amyloid precursor protein. This mutation produces an aberrant amyloid β (Aβ) species (AβE22Q) and causes severe meningocortical vascular Aβ deposition. We analyzed the Aβ composition of the vascular amyloid in the brains of HCHWA‐D patients. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the vascular amyloid contained both Aβ40 and Aβ42, with a high Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio. In Western blotting of cerebral microvessel fractions isolated from the brains, both wild‐type and Dutch‐type Aβ40 were observed as major species. Reverse‐phase HPLC‐mass spectrometric analysis of the fractions revealed both wild‐type and Dutch‐type Aβ38 as the other main components of the vascular amyloid. Moreover, we detected peaks corresponding to Dutch‐type Aβ42 but not to wild‐type Aβ42. These results suggest a pathogenic role for the mutant Aβ42 in addition to the mutant Aβ40 in the cerebral amyloid angiopathy of HCHWA‐D. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus neurons integrate important peripheral feeding‐related signals in rats
Authors: Zhu Jing‐Ning , Guo Chun‐Li , Li Hong‐Zhao , Wang Jian‐Jun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeveral studies have implicated the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) in regulation of feeding behavior and body weight, but clear mechanisms by which it controls food intake are not well understood. We report the results of the present study, which showed that the DMN receives important peripheral short‐ and long‐term feeding‐related afferent signals, including gastric vagal, glycemia, and cholecystokinin (CCK) inputs, as well as from leptin, an adipostatic signal that forcefully inhibits food intake and increases metabolic rate. Among the 279 DMN neurons recorded, 173 (62.0%) responded to stimulation of gastric vagal nerves. Also, of the 123 DMN neurons responsive to gastric vagal stimulation that were tested with the administration of intravenous glucose, 75 (61.0%) were identified as being glycemia sensitive. Moreover, it is noteworthy that of the 23 DMN neurons that responded to both gastric vagal and intravenous glucose stimulation, most (19 of 23, 82.6%) were sensitive to circulating leptin, and some neurons (n= 7) were also responsive to systemic CCK, suggesting that gastric vagal, glycemic, CCK, and leptin inputs converge on single DMN neurons. Furthermore, synergistic interactions between leptin and glucose on single DMN neurons were observed (n= 6). These results demonstrate that those important peripheral feeding‐related gastric vagal, glycemic, CCK and leptin signals not only reach the DMN but also interact on single DMN neurons, suggesting that the DMN may not just function as a relay station, but independently integrate the short‐term and long‐term feeding‐associated information and actively participate in the direct regulation of feeding behavior. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The conflict‐positive organization: it depends upon us
Authors: Tjosvold Dean 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlthough still widely assumed to be disruptive, conflict, when managed appropriately, has been found to make teamwork within and between organizations effective. However, organizational members often have competitive relationships and orientations to dealing with conflict that lead to conflict avoidance and escalation, approaches that sabotage decision‐making and relational bonds. Conflict researchers have contributed to the bad reputation of conflict by confounding conflict and competition and suggesting that the kind of conflict, rather than its management, determines its outcomes. Studies in the West and East indicate that by developing cooperative relationships and the skills to discuss diverse views open‐mindedly, organizations can empower managers and employees to use conflict to probe problems, create innovative solutions, learn from their experience, and enliven their relationships. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The virtue and vice of workplace conflict: food for (pessimistic) thought
Authors: De Dreu Carsten K.W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany authors, myself included, have suggested that workplace conflict may be beneficial to the organization. I argue that the support for this conclusion is rather weak. A selective and necessarily limited review of the literature shows that: (1) the positive functions of conflict are found only under an exceedingly narrow set of circumstances, (2) the conclusion that (particular forms of) conflict and conflict management has positive functions can be criticized on methodological grounds, (3) even under favorable circumstances a number of serious negative functions can be identified as well, (4) negative functions easily outweigh positive functions, prohibiting the emergence of ‘positive workplace conflict’ (where conflict has predominantly positive consequences), and (5) organizations need cooperative conflict management not because it brings positive conflict, but because it prevents workplace conflict to hurt too much. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of an HPLC confirmatory method for the determination of seven tetracycline antibiotics residues in milk according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC
Authors: Samanidou Victoria F. , Nikolaidou Konstantina I. , Papadoyannis Ioannis N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn HPLC method with diode‐array detection, at 355 nm, was developed and validated for the determination of seven tetracyclines (TCs) in milk: minocycline (MNC), TC, oxytetracycline (OTC), methacycline (MTC), demeclocycline (DMC), chlortetracycline (CTC), and doxycycline (DC). Oxalate buffer (pH 4) was used with 20% TCA as a deproteinization agent for the extraction of analytes from milk followed by SPE. The separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS‐3, 5 μm, 250×4 mm2 analytical column at ambient temperature. The mobile phase, a mixture of A: 0.01 M oxalic acid and B: CH3CN, was delivered using a gradient program. The procedure was validated according to the European Union decision 2002/657/EC determining selectivity, stability, decision limit, detection capability, accuracy, and precision. Mean recoveries of TCs from spiked milk samples (50, 100, and 200 ng/g) were 93.8–100.9% for MNC, 96.8–103.7% for OTC, 96.3–101.8% for TC, 99.4–107.2% for DMC, 99.4–102.9% for CTC, 96.3–102.7% for MTC, and 94.6–102.1% for DC. All RSD values were lower than 8.5%. The decision limits CCa calculated by spiking 20 blank milk samples at MRL (100 μg/kg) ranged from 101.25 to 105.84 μg/kg, while detection capability CCb from 103.94 to 108.88 μg/kg.
Analysis of coupled anisotropic dielectric waveguides using the frequency domain finite‐difference method
Authors: Sobrinho Carlos Leǒnidas da Silva Souza , Giarola Attilio José 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA rigorous general and versatile finite‐difference formulation for the analysis of the propagation characteristics in structures, having the dielectric waveguide as the basic element, is presented here. In this formulation, the finite‐difference method is used in the numerical solution of the scalar wave equation, written in terms of the transverse components of the magnetic field. As a result, a conventional eigenvalue problem is obtained without the presence of spurious modes (present in previous formulations), due to the implicit inclusion of the divergence of the magnetic field equal to zero. The general case of biaxial anisotropic dielectrics is considered, with the refractive index profile varying arbitrarily in the waveguide cross section. Dispersion characteristics for isolated and parallel coupled dielectric waveguides are calculated. The theoretical development was then used to solve particular problems and the results agree with those available from other methods. Results were obtained for a variety of waveguide structures of much interest, particularly for the development of integrated optics. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Software verification effort at the MIMICAD center for microstrip passive components
Authors: Wu Doris I. , Furlow Robert J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA software verification effort to verify the accuracy of the simulation program developed by the Center for Microwave/Millimeter‐Wave Computer‐Aided Design (MIMICAD) is described. A set of single‐layer microstrip structures selected by the MIMICAD sponsors were fabricated on GaAs substrates for testing purposes. Ranging from an interdigitated capacitor to radial stubs to a section of meander line, these test structures are components commonly used in MMIC designs. Round‐robin measurements of the test structures were carried out among the MIMICAD sponsors to assess measurement consistency. Comparisons between the measured and simulated results as well as the effect of discretization in the simulation process are discussed.
Compact 900‐MHz hairpin‐line filters using high dielectric constant microstrip line
Authors: Pramanick Protap 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeveral miniature bandpass filters have been developed by accurate modeling of experimental and computer‐generated coupling data of hairpin‐line microstrip line resonators on high dielectric constant (εr= 80 and 90) substrate. The materials are temperature stable and of high quality factor. The experimental results show excellent filter shapes and some novelty of the design approach. Besides the experimental results, this article also presents the curves and semiempirical models for the coupling coefficients between hairpin‐line resonators for two different dielectric materials and thicknesses. The method and the results will be useful in realizing compact planar filters for cellular radio, global positioning systems and superconducting microstrip filters.
A cad method applied to the development of microwave oscillators
Authors: Roth Bernd , Heitbrink Axel , Beyer Adalbert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, a method is proposed that allows the prediction of characteristic parameters of integrated microwave oscillators, i.e., operating frequency and distribution of the output power due to harmonic frequencies. This method combines rigorous field theoretical analysis of the linear environment with the “harmonic balance” approach. Relations between these areas are shown and discussed by means of numerical and experimental results. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quasi‐TEM analysis of reciprocal/nonreciprocal planar lines with polygonal cross‐section conductors
Authors: Plaza Gonzalo , Mesa Francisco , Horno Manuel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultilayered multiconductor transmission lines with polygonal cross‐section‐perfect conductors are analyzed under a quasi‐TEM approach. According to a model previously proposed by the authors, each polygonal cross‐section conductor is modeled as a set of zero‐thickness strips. The substrates can be lossy, and present possible gyromagnetic (longitudinal magnetization) characteristics as well as dielectric anisotropic properties. The method of moments of Galerkin is applied in the spectral domain to analyze the model structure. Special attention has been paid to the fast and accurate computation of spectral integrals. Thus, the possible symmetries of the Galerkin matrix are emphasized and recurrence formulas to compute the tail integrals have been developed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A CAD model for microstrips on r‐cut sapphire substrates
Authors: Vendik Irina B. , Vendik Orest G. , Gevorgian Spartak S. , Sitnikova Margarita F. , Olsson Eva 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimple and correct formulas are derived for calculation of an effective isotropic dielectric constant, which characterizes the wave propagation in microstrip lines on anisotropic substrates made of r‐cut sapphire crystals. The r‐plane is extensively used for epitaxial growth of high‐Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 films as applied to microwave integrated circuits. In contradistinction to previous models developed for z‐cut sapphire, the nondiagonal dielectric permittivity tensor of r‐cut sapphire is used. The effective dielectric constant of a microstrip line on r‐cut sapphire substrate is found as a function of the strip‐line geometry and the orientation of the crystallographic axes with respect to the symmetry plane of the microstrip line. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using a microstrip bandpass filter to compare different circuit analysis techniques
Authors: Swanson Daniel G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA 22.5‐GHz microstrip bandpass filter is analyzed using three different circuit analysis techniques. Circuit theory modeling fails to provide an accurate prediction when compared to measured data. But a hybrid analysis, which uses electromagnetic field solver computations and circuit theory models, provides good agreement with measured data. A more complete field solver analysis of the filter also shows good agreement when compared to measurements. In the later two cases, the electromagnetic analysis captures the actual current distribution on the filter that circuit theory fails to predict. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Harmonic‐loaded microwave power amplifiers: Nonlinear design procedure
Authors: Giannini Franco , Leuzzi Giorgio , Limiti Ernesto , Scucchia Lucio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA nonlinear design procedure for microwave power amplifiers is presented. The methodology makes use of a complete nonlinear model for the active device and an exact nonlinear analysis method. Suitable harmonic loading conditions for efficient power performance are imposed simultaneously and consistently with the analysis. The procedure is much faster than conventional repeated nonlinear analyses. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Closed‐form expression for radiation resistance of a resonant rectangular microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Güney Kerim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new, very simple curve‐fitted expression is presented for the radiation resistance of resonant rectangular microstrip antennas. It is derived from numerical results available in the literature, and is useful for the computer‐aided design (CAD) of microstrip antennas. This expression can be used for a wide range of substrate thicknesses and permittivities. The results obtained by using this expression are in conformity with those reported elsewhere. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrical modeling of packaging discontinuities: A general methodology based on the three‐dimensional TLM concept
Authors: Boussetta Chokri , Ndagijimana Fabien , Chilo Jean , Saguet Pierre 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA general methodology for modeling packages using the three‐dimensional (3D) TLM method is presented. S parameters are calculated from reflected and transmitted signals, and electrical parameters of equivalent networks are extracted. Frequency domain results (up to 30 GHz) are presented for a microstrip right‐angle bend, a cross junction, and vias. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the possibilities of using the 3D TLM method for electrical modeling in packaging applications.
Improvement of the active load‐pull technique for the optimization of high power communication SSPAs
Authors: Nebus Jean‐Michel , Bouysse Philippe , Villotte Jean‐Pierre , Obregon Juan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents recent developments in the active load‐pull technique which improve the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of power transistor characterization. In the load‐pull system described in this article, both the active loop technique and the mismatching technique are implemented. This allows fine and accurate synthesis of load impedances anywhere on the Smith chart. The two main attractive capabilities of the proposed system are: (1) Fine and accurate characterization of highly mismatched components is made easier. This is illustrated in this article with measurement results of a 4‐W silicon bipolar transistor. (2) Load impedance areas where transistors provide their best amplification performances can be finely scanned. Therefore, data processing routines are easier, more accurate, and more efficient. This is particularly useful for the optimization of trade‐offs between power‐added efficiency and third order intermodulation in power transistor. This is demonstrated with measurement results using a 4‐W GaAs power FET.
Parameter extraction for large‐signal modeling of bipolar junction transistors
Authors: Rohringer Norbert M. , Kreuzgruber Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA quick and efficient parameter extraction method for Si‐bipolar junction transistors, suited for nonlinear CAD, is presented. The large‐signal parameters are extracted from S‐parameter data measured at one bias point only. The model accounts for distributed base and bond wires. A comparison of simulated and measured values of reflection and transmission coefficients and nonlinear behavior of a single transistor shows the capability of the extraction method.
Accurate large‐signal GaAs MESFET and HEMT modeling for power MMIC amplifier design
Authors: Dortu Jean‐Marc , Müller Jan‐Erik , Pirola Marco , Ghione Giovanni 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article describes, from an industrial user's point of view, how large‐signal GaAs MESFET and HEMT modeling can be done accurately and efficiently for power MMIC amplifier design. The method is based on commercially available CAD tools enhanced by in‐house software (e.g., small‐signal parameter extraction, generation of load‐pull contours). The Materka model is shown to predict accurately the large‐signal characteristics of GaAs MESFETs, but not of pseudomorphic HEMTs. For these devices, a modified Angelov model is found to be adequate. A method for determining the numerous large‐signal model parameters is presented. Model verification is achieved by comparing simulated and on‐wafer measured data like static I(V)‐characteristics, multiple bias S‐parameters, gain compression characteristics, and load‐pull contours. Results of device scaling and calculations of optimum load impedances are discussed. The close fit to the measured data proves that an excellent basis for large‐signal power MMIC design has been established.
Accurate design of compact forward‐coupled microstrip filters using an integral‐equation field solver
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Liang Guo‐Chun , Shih Chien‐Fu , Johansson Marie E. , Withers Richard S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, we present forward‐coupled microstrip filters designed using an integral‐equation‐based field solver, and fabricated in high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) thin films. Two designs were studied, one a nine‐pole bandpass filter at 900 MHz with 25‐MHz bandwidth, and the other a five‐pole bandpass filter at 2 GHz with 24‐MHz bandwidth and 10‐Ω resonator characteristic impedance. Both designs were fabricated using YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) HTS thin films. Measurements showed excellent agreements with the simulation predictions. For the nine‐pole filter design, a measured insertion loss of 0.3 dB, and a measured return loss of 16 dB were achieved in the YBCO filter at 77 K. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dual‐band, dual‐polarized patch antennas
Authors: Piazzesi Peter , Maci Stefano , Gentili Guido Biffi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo new configurations of patch antennas are introduced, which provide dual‐band and dual‐polarization operations. The two patches have a square and cross shape, and are printed on a single layer; the dual‐frequency and the dual‐polarization behavior is obtained by means of four narrow slots close to the edges. Excellent decoupling between the two orthogonal modes at each frequency is obtained in both configurations. Furthermore, a satisfactory performance of simultaneous matching when using a single feed point is demonstrated. Simple and accurate design formulas to predict the two resonant frequencies are derived on the basis of a physical model and tested by using a full‐wave analysis. Some prototypes have been carried out and measured.
Sensitivity analysis of a four‐pole filter
Authors: Lajoie Isabelle , Verdeyme Serge , Aubourg Michel , Guillon Pierre 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRigorous analysis of a four‐pole elliptic filter, constructed by placing two cascaded dielectric resonators operating on their first hybrid mode, is performed using the finite element method. Sensitivity analysis of the input‐output and the interresonator rectangular and cross irises is presented. Theoretical and experimental results are compared.