bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cyclic and Macrocyclic Ethers Using Metathesis Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Groaz Elisabetta , Banti Donatella , North Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe metathesis transformations of cyclohexanes and cyclohexenes bearing allylic and/or propargylic ether substituents has been investigated. A range of products containing fused 6,8‐bicyclic ring systems resulting from alkene and/or enyne metatheses were obtained using first and second generation, well defined alkylidene ruthenium catalysts. However, the unstrained cyclohexene unit did not participate in any of these metathesis processes, even though doing so would have led to a thermodynamically more stable product. This contrasts with previous results on similar compounds and on the corresponding amino‐substituted cyclohexenes. The synthesis of dienes and dihydrofurans by metathesis processes involving the side chains of suitable cyclohexene ethers is also reported. When the unstrained cyclohexene unit was replaced by a norbornene group, the strained alkene did participate in a cascade of alkene and enyne metatheses. This chemistry was extended to alkyne metatheses of cyclohexene and norbornene esters, leading to 6,12‐fused cycloalkynes which would subsequently undergo further enyne and/or alkene metatheses. This culminated in the development of the first one‐pot metathesis process in which alkyne, enyne and alkene metathesis reactions initiated by two different catalysts all occur sequentially to form a 5,12‐fused bicyclic diene product. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The effects of antidepressant medication adherence as well as psychosocial and clinical factors on depression outcome among older adults
Authors: Bosworth Hayden B. , Voils Corrine I. , Potter Guy G. , Steffens David C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of medication adherence to 12‐month depression scores in the context of other psychosocial and clinical predictors of depression in a sample of older adults treated for depression.MethodsSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study involving 241 older patients undergoing depression treatment using a standardized algorithm. Depression was measured at baseline and 12‐months post‐baseline. Baseline predictor variables included antidepressant adherence, barriers to antidepressant adherence, four domains of social support, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADLs and IADLs), and clinical factors including past history of depression and medical comorbidities.ResultsNearly 28% of patients reported being nonadherent with their antidepressant medication. In bivariate analyses, greater antidepressant medication nonadherence, more medication barriers, poorer subjective social support, less non‐family interaction, greater BADL and IADL limitations, poor self‐rated health, higher baseline depression scores, and not having diabetes were related to higher 12‐month depression scores. In multivariable analyses, greater medication nonadherence, not having diabetes, poorer subjective social support, greater BADL limitations, and higher baseline depression scores were related to higher 12‐month depression scores.ConclusionInterventions should be directed toward improving antidepressant adherence and modifiable psychosocial variables. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the demand for private medical insurance following a shift in tax incentives
Authors: Rodríguez Marisol , Stoyanova Alexandrina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe 1998 Spanish reform of the Personal Income Tax eliminated the 15% deduction for private medical expenditures including payments on private health insurance (PHI) policies. To avoid an undesired increase in the demand for publicly funded health care, tax incentives to buy PHI were not completely removed but basically shifted from individual to group employer‐paid policies. In a unique fiscal experiment, at the same time that the tax relief for individually purchased policies was abolished, the government provided for tax allowances on policies taken out through employment. Using a bivariate probit model on data from National Health Surveys, we estimate the impact of said reform on the demand for PHI and the changes occurred within it. Our findings indicate that the total probability of buying PHI was not significantly affected by the reform. Indeed, the fall in the demand for individual policies (by 10% between 1997 and 2001) was offset by an increase in the demand for group employer‐paid ones. We also briefly discuss the welfare effects on the state budget, the industry and society at large. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of morbidity following free flap reconstruction for cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Clark Jonathan R. , McCluskey Stuart A. , Hall Francis , Lipa Joan , Neligan Peter , Brown Dale , Irish Jonathan , Gullane Patrick , Gilbert Ralph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundFree flap reconstruction of head and neck cancer defects is complex with many factors that influence perioperative complications. The aim was to determine if there was an association between perioperative variables and postoperative outcome.MethodsWe evaluated 185 patients undergoing free flap reconstruction following ablation of head and neck cancer between 1999 and 2001. Demographic, laboratory, surgical and anesthetic variables were analyzed using univariate and multivariable techniques.ResultsNinety‐eight patients (53%) developed complications, of which 74 were considered major, giving a major morbidity rate of 40%. Predictors of major complications were increasing patient age, ASA class, and smoking. Predictors of medical complications were ASA class, smoking, age and crystalloid replacement. Predictors of surgical complications were tracheostomy, preoperative hemoglobin, and preoperative radiotherapy.ConclusionPatient age, comorbidity, smoking, preoperative hemoglobin, and perioperative fluid management are potential predictors of postoperative complications following free flap reconstruction for cancer of the head and neck. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Hormonal response to buspirone is not impaired in major depression
Authors: Navinés Ricard , Gómez‐Gil Esther , Martín‐Santos Rocío , de Osaba María J. Martínez , Escolar Ginés , Gastó Cristóbal 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that interactions between hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonin‐1A (5‐HT1A) receptor system are involved in the pathophysiology of major depression. Pharmacologic challenge test with 5‐HT1A receptor agonists is a useful approach to study the sensitivity of 5‐HT1A receptors in depressed patients and the interaction of these systems. A cross‐sectional case‐control study was designed to assess the effect of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, buspirone, on 5‐HT1A receptor function in 30 patients with major depression (DSM‐IV) and in 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Depressed patients showed a basal score in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) higher than 17. After the administration of a single oral dose of buspirone (30 mg), corticotrophin (ACTH), cortisol, and prolactin (PRL) peak response minus baseline (Δ) and area under the curve (AUC) were evaluated. No significant difference in the hormonal response between depressed patients and controls was observed. No correlation with the severity of depression (HRSD score) was found. These results indicate no consistent changes in the hormonal response to the 5‐HT1A agonist buspirone in depressed patients. Therefore, this study does not support the hypothesis of an altered postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptor function in major depression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the impact of conservation measures on stream flow regime in catchments of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Mu Xingmin , Zhang Lu , McVicar Tim R. , Chille Basang , Gau Peng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCatchments in the Loess Plateau have been under the influence of human activities for centuries. In the last four decades, soil conservation measures have accelerated and intensified. These measures were designed to reduce soil erosion, improve agricultural productivity, and enhance environmental quality. It is important to evaluate the effects of these measures on hydrology in order to develop sustainable catchment management plans in the region. This study evaluated changes in stream flow data for four selected catchments in the Loess Plateau following large‐scale soil conservation measures. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to identify trends in annual stream flow and the results showed significant downward trends in three of the four catchments. The Pettitt test indicated that a change point occurred in 1978 in these three catchments. Annual precipitation in all the catchments showed no significant trend during the period of record. Comparison of daily flow duration curves for two 20‐year periods (1957–1978) and (1979–2003) showed significant changes in stream flow regime. Reduction in most percentile flows varied between 20 and 45%, and the reduction in low flows was greatest. Overall, the reductions in daily flow were increasing with time, with significant changes occurring in the 1990s. However, it is not clear whether these catchments have seen the full effects of the soil conservation measures, so the results of this study might underestimate the final impact of soil conservation on stream flow regime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of hydrological droughts for the Yellow River, China, using copulas
Authors: Shiau Jenq‐Tzong , Feng Song , Nadarajah Saralees 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDroughts are one of the normal and recurrent climatic phenomena on Earth. However, recurring prolonged droughts have caused far‐reaching and diverse impacts because of water deficits. This study aims to investigate the hydrological droughts of the Yellow River in northern China. Since drought duration and drought severity exhibit significant correlation, a bivariate distribution is used to model the drought duration and severity jointly. However, drought duration and drought severity are often modelled by different distributions; the commonly used bivariate distributions cannot be applied. In this study, a copula is employed to construct the bivariate drought distribution. The copula is a function that links the univariate marginal distributions to form the bivariate distribution. The bivariate return periods are also established to explore the drought characteristics of the historically noticeable droughts. The results show that the return period of the drought that occurred in late 1920s to early 1930s is 105 years. The significant 1997 dry‐up phenomenon that occurred in the downstream Yellow River (resulting from the 1997–1998 drought) only has a return period of 4·4 years and is probably induced by two successive droughts and deteriorated by other factors, such as human activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of large rainfall partitioning patterns by banana and impact on surface runoff generation
Authors: Cattan Philippe , Bussière François , Nouvellon Alban 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article the effect of redistribution of rainfall by banana on local water fluxes and the possible impact of these fluxes on surface runoff has been studied. First the water redistribution by a banana canopy at three development stages (vegetative, flowering, and bunch stage) was measured. The results showed a considerable stemflow, proportional to the leaf area index (LAI), which represented 18 to 26% of the incident rainfall volume according to the age of the crop. Consequently, the rainfall rate was 28‐fold higher at the plant collar for a fully developed banana canopy. For the throughfall, on average, the higher the LAI, the lower the mean throughfall. In addition, the spatial distribution of the throughfall varied according to the distance from the pseudostem. Notably, for the earlier stages, the area between the pseudostem and 0·5 m from it received weak throughfall. Secondly, simulations were carried out with a simple two‐compartment model simulating the total surface runoff volume. The simulations showed stemflow combined with the agronomical practice of furrowing has an effect on runoff compared to bare soil. A relative increase in surface runoff volume of three‐fold was encountered on a plot with a fully developed banana and a infiltration rate of 60 mm h−1. However, the absolute increase was only a few percentage of the incident rainfall volume, although it represented large water volumes given the tropical rains. These features must be taken into account for hydrological management of such systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a coil‐type TDR probe for measuring the volumetric water content in weathered granitic bedrock
Authors: Katsura Shin'ya , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Mizuyama Takahisa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs a first step toward describing water flow processes in bedrock, a coil‐type time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe capable of measuring volumetric water content, θ, in weathered bedrock at three depths was prepared. Because the coil‐type TDR probe is large in diameter (19 mm), it can be installed even in highly weathered bedrock more easily and appropriately than conventional TDR probes that consists of two or three rods of small diameter (5‐8 mm). The probe calibrations suggest that the values measured by the probe are very sensitive to changes in θ. Using the calibrated probe together with commercially available profile soil moisture sensors, the θ profile was monitored for 1 year. Even rainfall events with relatively small cumulative rainfall of 15 mm increased the bedrock θ, and the increments were comparable to those in the soil. After the end of the rainfall events, the bedrock θ displayed a more rapid drop than the soil, and varied little during the period of no rainfall. The water storage showed similar tendencies. These observations suggest that the bedrock θ is controlled by clearly distinguishable macropores and micropores within the bedrock. It is concluded that the coil‐type TDR probe is very effective in determining θ in weathered bedrock, and that bedrock, conventionally defined by conducting cone penetration tests and treated as impermeable, does conduct and hold substantial amounts of water, and therefore contribute greatly to hydrological processes in headwater catchments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's understanding of modesty in front of peer and adult audiences
Authors: Watling Dawn , Banerjee Robin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that the understanding of modesty—downplaying one's achievements to evoke a positive social evaluation—develops in the primary school years. However, very little is known about how children's understanding of modesty is associated with social contextual factors, such as audience type. A sample of 92 children aged 8–11 years responded to hypothetical vignettes where the protagonist responded either modestly or immodestly to praise. The findings supported earlier indications of an increase with age in the understanding of modesty, and further found that modesty was judged as more appropriate for peer audiences than for adult audiences. No interactions between age group and audience type were observed. Children's increasing approval of modesty was associated with a tendency to justify their judgements by referring to concerns about social evaluation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A latent growth‐curve approach to difficult temperament
Authors: Partridge Ty , Lerner Jacqueline V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA purported hallmark of temperament characteristics is that they appear very early in the course of development and are persistent across time and situation. There is, however, a small, but growing cadre of research findings that question this traditional view. It may be that temperament characteristics are not necessarily established during the first few months of development or are not stable over time. A secondary analysis of the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) temperament data was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that temperament has a complex developmental course over the first five years of development. A latent growth curve analysis of difficult temperament suggests that temperament development follows a non‐linear trajectory. This finding, in concert with related findings, suggests the need for a broader discussion of the possible developmental processes that underlie these patterns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fathers' parenting hassles and coping: associations with emotional expressiveness and their sons' socioemotional competence
Authors: Foster Phillip A. , Reese‐Weber Marla , Kahn Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study examined fathers' daily parenting hassles and coping strategies to (a) determine their association with fathers' emotional expressiveness and (b) predict their sons' development of socioemotional competence. Fathers of 148 preschool‐aged boys reported on their parenting hassles, coping strategies, and emotional expressiveness; mothers also reported on fathers' emotional expressiveness; and teachers reported on boys' socioemotional competence. Parenting hassles were associated with less rational, more emotional, and more avoidance coping as well as negative emotional expressiveness. More emotional and less rational coping responses were related to more negative expressiveness, whereas more rational, more emotional, and less coping were related to more positive expressiveness. Fathers' negative expressiveness was predictive of their sons being rated as more aggressive and disruptive by their teachers. In addition, fathers' parenting hassles and coping both predicted teacher ratings of their sons' aggressiveness. Implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint attention and object learning in 5‐ and 7‐month‐old infants
Authors: Cleveland Allison , Schug Mariah , Striano Tricia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe examined the effects of joint attention for object learning in 5‐ and 7‐month‐old infants. Infants interacted with an adult social partner who taught them about a novel toy in two conditions. In the Joint Attention condition, the adult spoke about the toy while alternating gaze between the infant and the toy, while in the Object Only condition, the adult looked to the toy and to a spot on the ceiling, but never at the infant. In the test trials following each social interaction, we presented infants with the ‘familiarization’ toy and a novel toy, and monitored looking times to each object. We found that 7‐month‐olds looked significantly longer to the novel toy following the Joint Attention relative to the Object Only condition, while 5‐month‐old infants did not show a significant difference across conditions. We interpret these results to suggest that joint attention facilitated 7‐month‐old infants' encoding of information about the familiarization object. Implications for the ontogeny of infant learning in joint attention contexts are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant touching behaviour during mother–infant face‐to‐face interactions
Authors: Moszkowski Robin J. , Stack Dale M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study of infant communication during mother–infant interactions has largely focused on infants' distal behaviours, while neglecting their more proximal behaviours, such as touch. Yet, touch is an important modality through which infants and mothers communicate; it is also a vital means through which infants self‐regulate and explore their surroundings. The present study was designed to investigate the touching behaviours of 44, 51/2‐month‐old, healthy, full‐term infants during face‐to‐face mother–infant interactions. A still‐face (SF) procedure was used in order to examine differences in the types and locations of infant touch across normal and perturbed interaction periods, when mothers exhibit changes in their emotional availability. Results revealed that infant touch varied with changes in maternal availability. During the SF period, when mothers were unavailable, infants used more active, soothing, and reactive tactile behaviours (stroke, finger, pat, and pull), and they spent more time touching themselves. In contrast, infants used mostly passive touch (static) during the Normal periods, when their mothers were available. They also spent a significant portion of time touching their mothers. The variations in infant touch across periods suggest that infants communicate their affective states through touch. The findings also support the regulatory and exploratory roles of infant touch, especially during periods of maternal unavailability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human sodium iodide symporter gene adjunctive radiotherapy to enhance the preventive effect of hMUC1 DNA vaccine
Authors: Jeon Yong Hyun , Choi Yun , Kim Hyun Joo , Kim Chul Woo , Jeong Jae Min , Lee Dong Soo , Chung June‐Key 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate the use of combination therapy to overcome the limitations of cancer DNA vaccines by adding radioiodine gene therapy in an animal cancer model. We established a stable cell line (CT26/hMUC1‐hNIS‐Fluc: CMNF) expressing the hMUC1, hNIS and Fluc genes using a retro‐ and lentivirus system. The survival rates (%) of CMNF cells were determined using clonogenic assays after 131I treatment. After i.m. immunization to 4 groups of Balb/c mice (pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1+131I, pcDNA3‐hMUC1+PBS and pcDNA3‐hMUC1+131I groups) with pcDNA3‐hMUC1 or pcDNA3.1 once a week for 2 weeks, 1 × 105 CMNF cells were injected s.c. into the right thighs of mice in each group. Twenty‐one days after tumor transplantation, 131I was administered i.p. to the pcDNA3.1+131I and pcDNA3‐hMUC1+ 131I groups. Tumor progression was monitored in the 4 groups by bioluminescent and scintigraphic imaging and by taking caliper measurements. Tumor masses were extracted and weighted at 39 days post‐tumor challenge. We confirmed that CMNF cells highly express hMUC1, hNIS and Fluc by FACS, 125I uptake, and luciferase assay. The survival rates of CMNF were markedly reduced to (14.6 ± 1.5)% after 131I treatment compared with the survival rates of parental cells (p < 0.001). Tumor growth inhibition was significant only in the pcDNA3‐hMUC1+ 131I group at 39 days post challenge. Tumor masses in pcDNA3‐hMUC1+ 131I group were smaller than those of the other groups. This study shows that the weak preventive effects of cancer DNA vaccine can be overcome by radioiodine gene therapy utilizing sodium iodide symporter. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus triage of women with persistent borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smears: Comparison of costs and side effects of three alternative strategies
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , Bais Aagje G. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Boer Rob , Meerding Willem‐Jan , Helmerhorst Theo J.M. , Habbema J. Dik F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe conventional direct referral to colposcopy of persistent borderline or mildly dyskaryotic (BMD) smears in cervical cancer screening leads to considerable unnecessary referrals and associated anxiety and costs. This may be improved by including testing for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) in the triage. We assessed costs and side effects (referrals, treatments and time in follow‐up) for 3 possible HPV triage strategies (immediate HPV testing, a 6‐month delay in HPV testing, a 2‐stage combination of both) and compared them with the conventional strategy. The assessments are based on recent Dutch data from various national databases and trials. We estimated that the referral rate could be reduced by 49, 58 and 58% with immediate, delayed and 2‐stage HPV testing, respectively. As a consequence, the average length of follow‐up, as well as average costs, also decrease. Therefore, we advocate including HPV testing before referring to colposcopy. Among the 3 HPV strategies, analysis of additional aspects favors implementation of immediate HPV testing. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.