bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The minimal SUF system can substitute for the canonical iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis systems by using inorganic sulfide as the sulfur source
Authors: Murata Maya , Murakami Taichi , Yuda Eiki , Mukai Nanami , Zheng Xintong , Kurachi Natsumi , Mori Sachiko , Ogawa Shoko , Kunichika Kouhei , Fujishiro Takashi , Wada Kei , Takahashi Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBiosynthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters is indispensable for living cells. Three biosynthesis systems termed NIF, ISC and SUF have been extensively characterized in both bacteria and eukarya. For these L-cysteine is the sulfur source. A bioinformatic survey suggested the presence of a minimal SUF system composed of only two components, SufB* (a putative ancestral form of SufB and SufD) and SufC, in anaerobic archaea and bacteria. Here, we report the successful complementation of anEscherichia colimutant devoid of the usual ISC and SUF systems upon expression of the archaealsufB*Cgenes. Strikingly, this heterologous complementation occurred under anaerobic conditions only when sulfide was supplemented to the culture media. Mutational analysis and structural predictions suggest that the archaeal SufB*C most likely forms a SufB*2C2complex and serves as the scaffold forde novoFe-S cluster assembly using the essential Cys and Glu residues conserved between SufB* and SufB, in conjunction with a His residue shared between SufB* and SufD. We also demonstrate artificial conversion of the SufB*2C2structure to the SufBC2D type by introducing several mutations to the two copies ofsufB*. Our study thus elucidates the molecular function of this minimal SUF system and suggests that it is the evolutionary prototype of the canonical SUF system.
Equivalence of Freeze-dried and Liquid-frozen Formulations of MVA-BN as Smallpox and Mpox Vaccine
Authors: Greenberg Richard N , Schmidt Darja , Reichhardt Daniela , Roesch Siegfried , Vidojkovic Sanja , Maclennan Jane , Chen Liddy M , Gruenert Robert , Kreusel Christian , Weidenthaler Heinz , Meyer Thomas PH , Chaplin Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrthopox virus-induced diseases such as smallpox and mpox (also known as monkeypox previously) remain a serious public health concern. Modified Vaccinia Ankara Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) has been approved in its liquid-frozen (LF) formulation for prevention of smallpox and mpox in the US, Canada and EU. A freeze-dried (FD) formulation might confer additional benefits such as longer shelf life and less reliance on cold chain storage and transport, thus can better meet the potential challenge of large quantity vaccine deployment in emergency situations.In a phase 2 clinical trial, 651 vaccinia-naïve participants were vaccinated with two doses of MVA-BN LF or FD, 4 weeks apart. The objectives were to compare MVA-BN FD with LF in terms of vaccine-induced immune responses, safety and reactogenicity.Strong vaccinia-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were induced by both formulations, with peak humoral responses at Week 6 and peak cellular responses at Week 2. At Week 6, geometric means of total antibody titers were 1096 (95% CI 1013, 1186) from the FD group and 877 (95% CI 804, 956) from the LF group, achieving the primary endpoint of non-inferiority of MVA-BN FD compared to MVA-BN LF. At Week 2, geometric means of T cell spot forming units were 449 (95% CI 341, 590) from the FD group and 316 (95% CI 234, 427) from the LF group. Both formulations of MVA-BN were well tolerated, with similar unsolicited AEs and solicited systemic reactions in both groups but slightly higher local reactions in the FD group. No vaccine related serious adverse events (SAEs) or vaccine related AE of special interest were reported.The FD formulation of MVA-BN was shown to be equivalent to the LF formulation in immunogenicity, and comparable safety findings were observed from both formulations.Clinical Trial Registration:NCT01668537HighlightsEquivalence of MVA-BN freeze-dried and liquid-frozen formulations in immunogenicity MVA-BN FD and MVA-BN LF are comparable in clinical safety and reactogenicity Peak T cell responses were observed 2 weeks after the first vaccination
An essential and highly selective protein import pathway encoded by nucleus-forming phage
Authors: Morgan Chase J. , Enustun Eray , Armbruster Emily G. , Birkholz Erica A. , Prichard Amy , Forman Taylor , Aindow Ann , Wannasrichan Wichanan , Peters Sela , Inlow Koe , Shepherd Isabelle L. , Razavilar Alma , Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon , Adler Benjamin A. , Cress Brady F. , Doudna Jennifer A. , Pogliano Kit , Villa Elizabeth , Corbett Kevin D. , Pogliano Joe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTargeting proteins to specific subcellular destinations is essential in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and the viruses that infect them. Chimalliviridae phages encapsulate their genomes in a nucleus-like replication compartment composed of the protein chimallin (ChmA) that excludes ribosomes and decouples transcription from translation. These phages selectively partition proteins between the phage nucleus and the bacterial cytoplasm. Currently, the genes and signals that govern selective protein import into the phage nucleus are unknown. Here we identify two components of this novel protein import pathway: a species-specific surface-exposed region of a phage intranuclear protein required for nuclear entry and a conserved protein, PicA, that facilitates cargo protein trafficking across the phage nuclear shell. We also identify a defective cargo protein that is targeted to PicA on the nuclear periphery but fails to enter the nucleus, providing insight into the mechanism of nuclear protein trafficking. Using CRISPRi-ART protein expression knockdown of PicA, we show that PicA is essential early in the chimallivirus replication cycle. Together our results allow us to propose a multistep model for the Protein Import Chimallivirus (PIC) pathway, where proteins are targeted to PicA by amino acids on their surface, and then licensed by PicA for nuclear entry. The divergence in the selectivity of this pathway between closely-related chimalliviruses implicates its role as a key player in the evolutionary arms race between competing phages and their hosts.Significance StatementThe phage nucleus is an enclosed replication compartment built by Chimalliviridae phages that, similar to the eukaryotic nucleus, separates transcription from translation and selectively imports certain proteins. This allows the phage to concentrate proteins required for DNA replication and transcription while excluding DNA-targeting host defense proteins. However, the mechanism of selective trafficking into the phage nucleus is currently unknown. Here we determine the region of a phage nuclear protein that targets it for nuclear import and identify a conserved, essential nuclear shell-associated protein that plays a key role in this process. This work provides the first mechanistic model of selective import into the phage nucleus.
Functional Redundancy inCandida aurisCell Surface Adhesins Crucial for Cell-Cell Interaction and Aggregation
Authors: Wang Tristan W. , Sofras Dimitrios , Montelongo-Jauregui Daniel , Paiva Telmo O. , Carolus Hans , Dufrêne Yves F. , Alfaifi Areej A. , McCracken Carrie , Bruno Vincent M. , Van Dijck Patrick , Jabra-Rizk Mary Ann 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTCandida aurisis an emerging nosocomial fungal pathogen associated with life-threatening invasive disease due to its persistent colonization, high level of transmissibility and multi-drug resistance. Aggregative and non-aggregative growth phenotypes forC. aurisstrains with different biofilm forming abilities, drug susceptibilities and virulence characteristics have been described. Using comprehensive transcriptional analysis we identified key cell surface adhesins that were highly upregulated in the aggregative phenotype duringin vitroandin vivogrown biofilms using a mouse model of catheter infection. Phenotypic and functional evaluations of generated null mutants demonstrated crucial roles for the adhesins Als5 and Scf1 in mediating cell-cell adherence, coaggregation and biofilm formation. While individual mutants were largely non-aggregative, in combination cells were able to co-adhere and aggregate, as directly demonstrated by measuring cell adhesion forces using single-cell atomic force spectroscopy. This co-adherence indicates their role as complementary adhesins, which despite their limited similarity, may function redundantly to promote cell-cell interaction and biofilm formation. Functional diversity of cell wall proteins may be a form of regulation that provides the aggregative phenotype ofC. auriswith flexibility and rapid adaptation to the environment, potentially impacting persistence and virulence.
Microbial cancer immunotherapy reprograms hematopoiesis to enhance anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Daman Andrew W. , Antonelli Anthony Claude , Redelman-Sidi Gil , Paddock Lucinda , Cheong Jin Gyu , Jurado Leonardo F. , Benjamin Anna , Jiang Song , Ahimovic Dughan , Khayat Shireen , Bale Michael J. , Loutochin Oleg , McPherson Victor A. , Pe’er Dana , Divangahi Maziar , Pietzak Eugene , Josefowicz Steven Z. , Glickman Michael S. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryMycobacterium bovisBCG is the vaccine against tuberculosis and an immunotherapy for bladder cancer. When administered intravenously, BCG reprograms bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), leading to heterologous protection against infections. Whether HSPC-reprogramming contributes to the anti-tumor effects of BCG administered into the bladder is unknown. We demonstrate that BCG administered in the bladder in both mice and humans reprograms HSPCs to amplify myelopoiesis and functionally enhance myeloid cell antigen presentation pathways. Reconstitution of naive mice with HSPCs from bladder BCG-treated mice enhances anti-tumor immunity and tumor control, increases intratumor dendritic cell infiltration, reprograms pro-tumorigenic neutrophils, and synergizes with checkpoint blockade. We conclude that bladder BCG acts systemically, reprogramming HSPC-encoded innate immunity, highlighting the broad potential of modulating HSPC phenotypes to improve tumor immunity.Graphical Abstract
Space-time dynamics of genome replication studied with super-resolved microscopy
Authors: Gelléri Márton , Sterr Michael , Strickfaden Hilmar , Cremer Christoph , Cremer Thomas , Cremer Marion 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenome replication requires duplication of the complete set of DNA sequences together with nucleosomes and epigenetic signatures. Notwithstanding profound knowledge on mechanistic details of DNA replication, major problems of genome replication have remained unresolved. In this perspective article, we consider the accessibility of replication machines to all DNA sequences in due course, the maintenance of functionally important positional and structural features of chromatid domains during replication, and the rapid transition of CTs into prophase chromosomes with two chromatids. We illustrate this problem with EdU pulse-labeling (10 min) and chase experiments (80 min) performed with mouse myeloblast cells. Following light optical serial sectioning of nuclei with 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM), seven DNA intensity classes were distinguished as proxies for increasing DNA compaction. In nuclei of cells fixed immediately after the pulse-label, we observed a relative under-representation of EdU-labeled DNA in low DNA density classes, representing the active nuclear compartment (ANC), and an over-representation in high density classes representing the inactive nuclear compartment (INC). Cells fixed after the chase revealed an even more pronounced shift to high DNA intensity classes. This finding contrasts with previous studies of the transcriptional topography demonstrating an under-representation of epigenetic signatures for active chromatin and RNAPII in high DNA intensity classes and their over-representation in low density classes. We discuss these findings in the light of current models viewing CDs either as structural chromatin frameworks or as phase-separated droplets, as well as methodological limitations that currently prevent an integration of this contrasting evidence for the spatial nuclear topography of replication and transcription into a common framework of the dynamic nuclear architecture.
Training in social intelligence: an augmenter for performance and successful leadership
Authors: Sanwal Tanushree 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of training in social intelligence in the context of effective leadership and enhanced performance. The study investigates how training in social intelligence can assist personnel in enhancing their social and emotional competencies through various methods which in turn can boost their performance and leadership skills.

Design/methodology/approach
This article presents a compilation of interview perspectives from human resources (HR) practitioners and researchers, offering comprehensive training methods that can be implemented in organizations to boost the social intelligence of employees and employers. The views were gathered through telephone and face-to-face interaction with the practitioners.

Findings
Various methods for training in social intelligence for enhancing social intelligence are proposed by the author in this paper, drawing on the perspectives of both practitioners and researchers.

Research limitations/implications
Further studies could test conceptual models by using longitudinal studies’ data, which gives the study more accuracy and supports generalizing the results.

Practical implications
Enhanced performance and Effective leadership can be achieved in the organization if proper training in social intelligence is given to the personnel.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first studies that integrates leadership, performance, and social intelligence and its dimensions in one framework. This study concludes that enhanced employee performance and effective leadership can be achieved by developing social intelligence in personnel through various training methods.
Fact-checking of political information about the Russo-Ukrainian conflict
Authors: Savolainen Reijo 
Published: March 2024

PurposeTo elaborate the nature of fact-checking in the domain of political information by examining how fact-checkers assess the validity of claims concerning the Russo-Ukrainian conflict and how they support their assessments by drawing on evidence acquired from diverse sources of information.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 128 reports written by the fact-checkers of Snopes – an established fact-checking organisation – during the period of 24 February 2022 – 28 June, 2023. For the analysis, nine evaluation grounds were identified, most of them inductively from the empirical material. It was examined how the fact-checkers employed such grounds while assessing the validity of claims and how the assessments were bolstered by evidence acquired from information sources such as newspapers.FindingsOf the 128 reports, the share of assessments indicative of the invalidity of the claims was 54.7%, while the share of positive ratings was 26.7%. The share of mixed assessments was 15.6%. In the fact-checking, two evaluation grounds, that is, the correctness of information and verifiability of an event presented in a claim formed the basis for the assessment. Depending on the topic of the claim, grounds such as temporal and spatial compatibility, as well as comparison by similarity and difference occupied a central role. Most popular sources of information offering evidence for the assessments include statements of government representatives, videos and photographs shared in social media, newspapers and television programmes.Research limitations/implicationsAs the study concentrated on fact-checking dealing with political information about a specific issue, the findings cannot be extended to concern the fact-checking practices in other contexts.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to characterise how fact-checkers employ evaluation grounds of diverse kind while assessing the validity of political information.
The accountability of ethnographers: the views of Paolo Virno
Authors: Letiche Hugo , De Loo Ivo 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Ethnography produces accounts; the critical reflection of accounts produces accountability. Ethnography requires accountability if meaningful conclusions and/or observations are to be made. Accountability requires ethnography if is to address lived experiences. Virno argues that the principles of “languaging” make ethnographies and accountability possible. This papers aims to describe an instance of the circularity of accountability and use this to explore Virno’s insights. Doing this helps us to see the connections between accountability and ethnography, and reflect on the nature of these interconnections.

Design/methodology/approach
Inspired by Paulo Virno’s philosophy, the authors assert that an ethnographer typically produces an account of a chosen “Other” in which this “Other” is held to account. But at the same time, the ethnographer needs to be held to account by the very same “Other” and by the “Other” of the (research) community. Furthermore, ethnographers are accountable to themselves. All these moments of accountability can endlessly circle, as responsibilization of the researchers by their Other(s) continues. For ethnography to function, this must be tamed as a (research) account ultimately has to be produced for an academic project to be considered complete. Drawing on Virno’s principle of the “negation of the negation” by the “katechon,” by the “katechon,” the authors propose a potentially valuable intervention that would enable ethnography – and by extension, ethnographers – to prosper.

Findings
The authors apply Virno’s philosophical reflections to propose a positive feedback cycle between ethnography and accountability. Virno’s ideation centers on two key concepts: (i) the multitude of social relatedness and (ii) the ontology of the languaging of individuation. Hereby, a positive circle of causality between ethnography and accountability can be realized, whereby the authors can respect but also break the causal circle(s) of ethnography and accountability. This might be achieved via a reflection on Virno’s concept of the “katechon.”

Originality/value
The authors illuminate the accountability–ethnography dynamic, providing an illustration of the circularity of ethnography and accountability and showing how Virno provides us with tools to help us deal with it. Hence, ultimately, the paper focuses on the accountability as ethnographers.
A systematic review of microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort studies in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Hashemi Saghar , Ghaffarianhoseini Amirhosein , Ghaffarianhoseini Ali , Naismith Nicola , Jamei Elmira 
Published: March 2024

PurposeGiven the distinct and unique climates in these countries, research conducted in other parts of the world may not be directly applicable. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct research tailored to the specific climatic conditions of Australia and New Zealand to ensure accuracy and relevance.Design/methodology/approachGiven population growth, urban expansions and predicted climate change, researchers should provide a deeper understanding of microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort in Australia and New Zealand. The study’s objectives can be classified into three categories: (1) to analyze previous research works on urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in Australia and New Zealand; (2) to highlight the gaps in urban microclimate studies and (3) to provide a summary of recommendations for the neglected but critical aspects of urban microclimate.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate that, despite the various climate challenges in these countries, there has been limited investigation. According to the selected papers, Melbourne has the highest number of microclimatic studies among various cities. It is a significant area for past researchers to examine people’s thermal perceptions in residential areas during the summer through field measurements and surveys. An obvious gap in previous research is investigating the impacts of various urban contexts on microclimatic conditions through software simulations over the course of a year and considering the predicted future climate changes in these countries.Originality/valueThis paper aims to review existing studies in these countries, provide a foundation for future research, identify research gaps and highlight areas requiring further investigation.
Inclusive education in Portugal: Exploring sentiments, concerns and attitudes of teachers
Authors: Carvalho Marisa , Simó‐Pinatella David , Azevedo Helena , Adam Alcocer Ana Luisa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines Portuguese teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education and how teachers' self‐efficacy towards inclusion and other sociodemographic and professional variables relate and predict teachers' attitudes. In total, 539 Portuguese teachers participated. Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education scale, Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to collect data. The results indicate that teachers' attitudes towards inclusion were generally positive. However, teachers‐related variables (e.g., teachers' self‐efficacy, teaching experience, previous training, and knowledge about educational laws and policies) influence teachers' attitudes in a complex and dynamic way. Implications for policies, practices and research are presented.
Effect of indoor dehydration on the chemical composition of Marselan grapes in Heyang of China
Authors: Chen Qiaomin , Bai Yangyang , Liu Xinyang , Yue Wenxiu , Han Fuliang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMarselan is a red wine grape variety with great brewing prospects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of postharvest indoor dehydration on the quality of Marselan grapes. For two consecutive years, the harvested grapes were dehydrated naturally indoors (24–28°C). Fresh grapes were used as a control, and dehydrated samples were taken every 7 days during the period of dehydration until ending at day 28. Dehydration treatment increased degrees Brix, reducing sugars, glycerol, and malic acid. On day 7, there was an increase in protocatechuic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and total tannin of 26.00%–27.73%, 11.43%–52.52%, and 39.74%–70.45%, respectively. With increasing dehydration time, total phenols, total flavonoids and total flavanols in the skins were decreased by 17.05%–38.13%, 24.32%–57.38%, and 17.05%–59.48%, respectively, with an increase in pH, citric acid, and ascorbic acid contents of grape juice by 7.66%–21.43%, 100%–137.50%, and 61.29%–258.82%, respectively. On day 21, the esters were increased by 1.10–1.75 factors. Partial least square–discriminant analysis result of volatile compounds showed that ethyl acetate, 1‐propanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐methyl‐, 1‐hexanol, and 1‐butanol, 3‐methyl‐ were the predominant characteristic flavor compounds during dehydration of Marselan grapes. The effect of indoor dehydration on Marselan grape quality offered application value for China's later dehydration wine production.