bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cue‐responding behaviours of oncology nurses in video‐simulated interviews
Authors: Uitterhoeve Ruud , De Leeuw Jacqueline , Bensing Jozien , Heaven Cathy , Borm George , DeMulder Pieter , Van Achterberg Theo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTitle.  Cue‐responding behaviours of oncology nurses in video‐simulated interviews Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe nurse–patient interactions, i.e. nurses’ cue‐responding behaviour in encounters with actors playing the role of patients.Background.  Patients with cancer seldom express their concerns directly but express cues instead. Few studies empirically investigated nurses’ cue‐responding behaviour and the subsequent influence of disclosure of cues and concerns.Methods.  In this descriptive observational study, conducted from April to June 2004, five oncology nurses interviewed an actor playing the role of a patient with cancer. Each nurse performed seven different interviews (n = 35); these were videotaped and subsequently rated for cue‐responding using the Medical Interview Aural Rating Scale. Mixed model analysis was used to investigate the relation between cues and cue‐responding.Findings.  Half of the patients’ cues were responded to with distancing behaviours. The other half of the cues were either explored (33%) or acknowledged (17%). In 16% of these responses, nurses used open directive questions. One out of four open directive questions were used as a distancing response, suggesting that open directive questions are not used to explore or acknowledge cues of patients. Cue‐responding influenced subsequent expression of concerns and emotions, i.e. disclosure of a concern is two times higher after exploration or acknowledging of a preceding cue than after a distancing response.Conclusion.  Cue‐responding is a valuable concept which can contribute to our understanding of optimal ways of communicating. Cue‐responding behaviour facilitates the disclosure of worries and concerns of patients. Further research is needed to assess the clinical relevancy of cue‐responding.
Eco‐evolutionary vs. habitat contributions to invasion in salmon: experimental evaluation in the wild
Authors: KINNISON MICHAEL T. , UNWIN MARTIN J. , QUINN THOMAS P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough trait evolution over contemporary timescales is well documented, its influence on ecological dynamics in the wild has received much less attention particularly compared to traditional ecological and environmental factors. For example, evolution over ecologically relevant timescales is expected in populations that colonize new habitats, where it should theoretically enhance fitness, associated vital rates of survival and reproduction, and population growth potential. Nonetheless, success of exotic species is much more commonly attributed to ecological aspects of habitat quality and ‘escape from enemies’ in the invaded range. Here, we consider contemporary evolution of vital rates in introduced Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that quickly colonized New Zealand and diverged overc. 26 generations. By using experimental translocations, we partitioned the roles of evolution and habitat quality in modifying geographical patterns of vital rates. Variation in habitat quality within the new range had the greatest influence on broad geographical patterns of vital rates, but locally adapted salmon still exhibited more than double the vital rate performance, and hence fitness, of nonlocal counterparts. The scope of this fitness evolution far exceeds the scale of divergence in trait values for these populations, or even the expected fitness effects of particular traits. These results suggest that contemporary evolution can be an important part of the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of invasions and highlight the need for studies of the emergent fitness and ecological consequences of such evolution, rather than just changes in trait values.
Electric Field effects on Excitation Dynamics in Electron Donor and Acceptor Pairs of Porphyrin and Fullerene
Authors: Ohta Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2007

Electroabsorption and electrofluorescence spectra have been measured using electric field modulation spectroscopy for a	mixture of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and fullerene (C60) in a PMMA film. Fluorescence of TPP is enhanced and de-enhanced by an electric field in zinc and free-base compounds, respectively, indicating that the electron transfer from the excited state of TPP to C60 is decelerated in zinc compound and	accelerated in free-base compound by an electric field. TPP was also found to form complex upon mixing with C60 which exhibits a broad emission in the wavelength region longer than that of TPP emission. The electroabsorption spectra show that a charge separation occurs upon photoexcitation to the absorption band located near the Soret band. The complex emission is significantly quenched by an external electric field in both zinc and free base compounds, suggesting that the	nonradiative decay of the excited complex is accelerate d by an electric field.
The Q-t rAtio in Treadmill Stress Testing
Authors: Kemp George L. 
Published: November 2007

An evaluation of the Q-T ratio as a means of differentiating normal from abnormal tread mill stress test results was attempted. Digitalized subjects were included in the study to determine if false-positive treadmill stress test results could be identified by this means. The results indicate a lack of specificity in relying upon the Q-T ratio measurements before and after maximal treadmill stress testing. Q-T ratio, Treadmill Stress Testing.
Inhibition of Aggregation of Human and Rat Platelets By Fibrinolytic Drug Phenformin
Authors: Kovács Iren B. , Csalay L. , Görög P. 
Published: November 2007

Aggregation of human platelets by ADP, adrenaline and collagen was inhib ited by phenformin in citrated plasma. As low as 12.5 μg/ml final concentration of phenformin resulted 50% inhibition of adrenaline induced aggregation of platelets. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP was greatly enhanced by adren aline in citrated plasma of rat. Applied in low concentration phenformin dimin ished the adrenaline-induced increased sensitivity of rat platelets to ADP. Phenformin is an oral antidiabetic drug, the effectiveness of which to increase fibrinolytic activity of blood have been established by Fearnley and Chakra barti (1) and supported by Isacson and Nilsson (2). Besides antidiabetic and fibrinolytic activity Phenformin has a blood cholesterol level lowering effect (3). Phenformin in combination with ethyloestrenol proved to be effective in the treatment of various occlusive vascular diseases (4). In human subjects the drug-combination decreased the adhesiveness of platelets to glass beads but Phenformin alone was without effect (4). We have not found any data concern ing the effect of Phenformin on aggregation of platelets of the blood of humans or experimental animals. Because the importance of platelet aggregation and plug formation in hemostasis and thrombosis has been well established, it seemed interest to investigate the effect of Phenformin from this aspect.
A Rational Approach To Traumatic Aortic Rupture
Authors: Redman Helen C. 
Published: November 2007

Twenty-four patients with deceleration trauma and widened mediastinums have been studied for aortic laceration. Eight had lacerations. Analysis of the chest films demonstrates that the findings of aortic laceration are those of mediastinal bleeding and are nonspecific. While deceleration trauma appears to be causative, a widened mediastinum with such trauma is not diagnostic of aortic laceration. Upright films often cannot be obtained and are not necessary. Serial chest films are contraindicated. Aortography is the definitive technique and should be performed if clinical suspicion of aortic laceration exists. Laceration of the thoracic aorta caused by rapid decleration injury is a surgical emergency. Less than 20% of these patients reach the emergency room alive and, of these, 90% will exsanguinate within four weeks, 25% within 24 hours.1 Therefore prompt diagnosis and surgery are imperative. The chest film findings of aortic laceration are nonspecific since any mediastinal bleeding can give the same radiographic appearance. Aortography must be performed to confirm this diagnosis. We have recently seen 24 patients with severe decelera tion injuries all of whom had mediastinal abnormalities suggestive of aortic laceration. Eight actually had lacerations and these cases form the basis for this report.
When Does a Fourth Sound Become an Atrial Gallop?
Authors: Perez Gloria L. , Luisada Aldo A. 
Published: November 2007

A study of the fourth sound was conducted on 100 normal subjects (ages 1-88 years) and 42 clinical cases with either aortic stenosis, systemic hypertension or coronary heart disease. This study was based on the graphic recognition of a presystolic sound when the tracing was taken with the use of one or more of 5 different high pass filters. Attention was paid to the existence of the fourth sound, its magnitude, and its vibrational frequency. In general it was accepted that a magnitude of ½ of the first heart sound or a frequency of 30 Hz denoted a pathologic fourth sound. However, exceptions were found among normal subjects, so that only the combination of the two criteria could be considered highly significant for a pathologic phenomenon (gallop). Patients with aortic stenosis presented an increase in magnitude of the fourth sound but incidence and vibrational frequency were similar to those of controls. Patients with hypertension had a greater incidence of fourth sounds, especially in middle age (100%); middle age patients usually had a greater magnitude while older patients had more often an increase in vibrational frequency. Patients with coronary heart disease (evidence of old infarcts) had an increase in the incidence, magnitude, and vibrational frequency in comparison with controls. These data and the cause of the fourth sound are discussed. The fourth sound has been repeatedly studied in the past, both as an auscultatory finding and a graphic phenomenon. Attempts were made for separating the normal fourth sound from that denoting a pathological phenomenon but, so far, no clear cut criteria for the differentiation have been obtained. We thought, therefore, that a new study was indicated.
Value of Treadmill Exercise Testing in Patients With Complete Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Susmano Armando , Teran Julio C. 
Published: November 2007

Exercise electrocardiography and selective coronary arteriography was per formed in 24 consecutive patients with complete bundle branch block. The criteria for a positive exercise electrocardiogram (E-ECG) were a 1 mm depres sion or elevation in the J point from the control state, as well as in the ST segment measured at 0.04 seconds from the J point. Eleven of 12 patients with complete left bundle branch block had a positive E-ECG. Nine of them had normal coronary arteriograms, except one with less than 50% lesions in two arteries. Two patients had severe three-vessel disease. Only one patient had a true negative exercise test. No patient had a false negative test. Nine of 12 patients with complete right bundle branch block had a positive E-ECG. One of these 9 had minimal nonobstructive disease, while the other 8 had severe two- or three-vessel coronary artery disease. Three of the 12 right bundle branch block patients had a negative E-ECG. Two of them had a true negative exercise test, and one a false negative test. Because of a high incidence of probably false positive results, E-ECG appears to be unreliable in detecting coronary artery disease in patients with complete left bundle branch block. But it can provide useful information in the non- invasive evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients with complete right bundle branch block.
The Effect of Flunarizine Treatment on Human Red Blood Cells
Authors: Flameng W. , Verheyen F. , Borgers M. , De Clerck F. , Brugmans J. 
Published: November 2007

In a first group of experiments, control and ischemic blood was sampled from healthy male volunteers before and 3 hours after the administration of a single 40-mg oral dose of flunarizine or placebo. The blood samples were stored for 24 hours at 0°C to induce partial transformation of discocytes into echi nocytes (crenation). The effect of the drug on the degree of crenation was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. In control blood, flunarizine treat ment significantly suppressed the discocyte-echinocyte transformation. Similar results were obtained with ischemic blood, although individual variability was greater. In a second group of experiments still in progress, control blood was taken from patients with intermittent claudication before and 24 hours after the first oral dose of flunarizine (4 × 20 mg) or placebo. The results again indicated that in patients flunarizine significantly reduced the echinocyte formation in stored blood samples. Based on the results of earlier studies it is postulated that flunarizine exerts its effect at the plasma membrane of the erythrocyte by inhibiting excessive influx of extracellular Ca2+. This mechanism of action, by which the compound suppresses echinocyte formation, may be similar to that by which it reduces hyperviscosity and possibly improves red blood cell (RBC) deformability.
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm in Patients Without Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Comerford Thomas J. , Propert David B. 
Published: November 2007

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) has been reported in patients with acute myocardial infarction, digitalis excess, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and in pa tients with rheumatic, primary myocardial, and hypertensive heart disease. Discovery of AIVR in 2 patients without heart disease led us to review reports from 700 Holter monitor studies. Seven patients without recent myocardial infarction were studied retrospectively. Three of the 7 had no evidence of heart dis ease ; 5 of the 7 had abnormalities of the cen tral nervous system. Examples of AIVR show approximation of the sinus rate and ectopic rate; onset and offset occur abruptly or with sinus rate slowing and fusion beats. One patient remained in AIVR for up to 10 minutes accompanied by retrograde atrial capture. The rhythm's acceleration with ex ercise suggests that it is under autonomic in fluence, a phenomenon also seen in CNS stimulation studies in dogs. AIVR occurs infrequently in patients without demonstrable heart disease. Our ex perience suggests a good prognosis, but fur ther study is needed on the natural history of AIVR in asymptomatic patients and on the necessity of treatment.
Cerebral Infarction in Hypertensive and Nonhypertensive Subjects in a Community of Japan: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Ueda Kazuo , Omae Teruo , Hirota Yasuo , Takeshita Moriyuki , Katsuki Shibanosuke , Tanaka Kenzo , Enjoji Munetomi 
Published: November 2007

To compare the clinical features associated with stroke in hypertensive pa tients with those in nonhypertensives, we analyzed the records and the autopsy findings of cases of cerebral infarction in the Hisayama prospective study from 1961 through 1973. Of the total 128 cases of cerebral infarction, 79 (61.7%) occurred in patients admitted as hypertensives. In addition, of the 17 normotensive subjects at entry, (29.4%) had blood pressure levels that shifted into the hypertension range while 13 of 18 (72.2%) with borderline hypertension at entry had blood pressure levels that changed into the hypertensive range before stroke. In reviewing clinical symptoms and autopsy findings we frequently found that small, deep cerebral infarction, most often located in basal ganglia, in hy pertensive old persons. On the other hand, arrhythmia on ECG and focal in farcts on sytemic organs of the body were more often found in nonhypertensive patients with cerebral infarction than in hypertensives. This suggested that em bolism of cardiac origin may at least contribute to the development. of cerebral infarction in nonhypertensive subjects.
Clinical Use of Plethysmography in the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Arterial Occlusive Disease: Part 1
Authors: d'Inverno E. 
Published: November 2007

This two-part study deals with the clinical use of an ECG-triggered venous occlusion plethysmograph, the "Periflow." This first part describes procedures for arterial and for venous examination. Methodologrc and technological im provement over former VOP devices is indicated. And results of investigation on arterial pathology in 99 patients versus 76 normal subjects are evaluated. (Venous pathology will be treated in a second paper.) From this study it can be concluded that most significant information about arterial status is obtained by analyzing the time-related course of a reactive hy peremia that has to clear off an experimentally induced arterial debt. The relia bility of the qualitative diagnostic differentiation and of the quantitative assess ment is determined by the proposed parameter handling in order to judge the method's suitability for objective diagnosis and follow-up of patients with pe ripheral vascular diseases.
Effect of the Kallikrein Inhibitor Aprotinin on Myocardial Ischemia and Necrosis in Man
Authors: Ceceña-Seldner Felipe A. , Villarreal Jorge 
Published: November 2007

The effect of administration of aprotinin, a serine esterase inhibitor capable of inactivating kallikrein, on the extent and severity of acute myocardial is chemic injury and subsequent necrosis, was studied in 25 patients. Another group of 25 patients who did not receive aprotinin served as a control group. We administered 100,000 kallikrein inhibitor units (KIU) of aprotinin as a bolus dose, followed by a continuous infusion (4 ml/min) that contained 10,000 KIU/kg in 240 ml of dextrose/water solution, to all 25 patients admitted to the hospital within 30 to 60 minutes after the onset of acute myocardial ischemia. To measure the effect of aprotinin, three parameters were studied; the sum of S-T segment elevations (ΣST), the development of Q waves, and the predic tion of infarct size by measuring the disappearance rate of creatine phosphoki nase (MB CPK isoenzyme). The average ΣST in the treated group decreased from 40.5 ± 7.00 mv to 12.95 ± 4.60 mv (P < 0.01); in contrast the control group's ΣST did not change significantly, from 54.25 ± 8.02 to 51.7 ± 6.8. Deeper Q waves evolved in the control group compared to the treated group: ΔQ (6 hours) = 1.0 ST (15 min) + 1.19 (25 patients, r = 0.78); and in the treated group ΔQ (6 hours) = 0.66 ST (15 min) + 0.91 (25 patients, r = 0.65) (P < 0.025). In the control group the estimated infarct size was 57.4 ± 4 CPK-gram- equivalents (CPK-g-Eq). There was significantly less damage in the treated group: 19 ± 2 CPK-g-Eq (P < 0.01). Thus we conclude that aprotinin dimin ishes myocardial damage.
Platelet Aggregation Measured by the Screen Filtration Pressure Method in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Pagnan A. , Faggiotto A. , Visona A. , Davanzo S. , Pessina A.C. , Dal Palú C. 
Published: November 2007

In this study platelet aggregation was measured by the screen filtration pressure method in 2 groups of hypertensives separated according to age. They were perfectly matched for levels of various "risk factors", with normotensive "controls". No significant difference in platelet aggregate filtration pressure (PAFP) was found between hypertensives and normotensives. Contrary to normoten sive subjects, there was no significant increase in the PAFP values with age in the hypertensives. This might be due to the significantly higher blood urea values in the hypertensives as compared to the normotensives. An inverse relationship between blood urea concentration and PAFP values was in fact confirmed by in vivo and in vitro studies.
Hybrid Exercise Echocardiograph
Authors: Berberich Stephen N. , Zager James R. S. 
Published: November 2007

A technique is proposed using the advantages of M-mode echocardiogra phy for specific chamber measurement and 2-dimensional recordings for spatial orientation. Using data derived from radionuclide experience, a com bined echocardiographic exercise test was developed. This test was used to evaluate 22 patients being studied for ischemic heart disease. Results in these patients suggest good sensitivity and specificity. The test may be of value in improving upon standard exercise testing.
Platelet Adhesiveness: Methodology for Testing in Humans
Authors: Jacobi E. , Bremer G. , Richter O. 
Published: November 2007

Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of early thrombus formation and might even be involved in initiating the process of atheroscle rosis. Various platelet adhesiveness test methods are discussed. Results of an in vitro test in about 600 patients with various diseases are given. The effect from anti-platelet drugs like dipyridamole and acetyl salicylic acid in preventing increase of platelet adhesiveness due to a biologic stressor are compared with those obtained with isoxsuprine. Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of early thrombus formation. Platelets might also be involved in initiating the process of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is understandable that various test methods to measure platelet behavior has been developed.
Restoration of Pulmonary Perfusion by a Serotonin Antagonist
Authors: Kalenda Z. , Hölzenspies A.J. 
Published: November 2007

R 41 468, a selective serotonin receptor blocking agent, was found to improve pulmonary perfusion in patients with venous air embolism, in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and in certain cases of impairment of the pulmonary circulation during prolonged major surgery accompanied by blood transfusion. Continuous monitoring of end-tidal CO2 (FETCO2) by means of infra-red capnography combined with blood gas estimations were the principle meth ods of assessment used.
Duration of Hospital Stay and Post- Myocardial Infarction Morbidity and Mortality: A Kaiser-Permanente Experience
Authors: Skoulas Achilles , Alloo Robert G. , Weisbart Myron H. , Manelis Marc A. 
Published: November 2007

Among 209 evaluable consecutive patients (mean age 57 years) admitted in 1978 and 1979 for acute myocardial infarction, 186 survived. The mean hospital stay of the survivors was 9.7 days. Of these patients, 99 (53%) with complicated myocardial infarction had a mean hospital stay of 11.2 days; 87 (47%) with uncomplicated infarction had a mean stay of 7.9 days. All patients were followed for at least 6 months. During the 6-month post- hospitalization interval, the overall mortality was about 6%. Of the 12 patients who died, 11 had complicated, and 1 had uncomplicated myocardial infarction. The reinfarction rate in 6 months was 4% for complicated and 2% for uncomplicated infarction. Congestive heart failure was 3% for complicated and zero for uncomplicated infarction. Comparing these findings with reported series of patients with longer hospitalizations, we found no evidence that shortened hospitalization ad versely affects mortality or morbidity.