bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the association between spondylosis deformans and clinical signs of intervertebral disk disease in dogs: 172 cases (1999–2000)
Authors: Levine Gwendolyn J. , Levine Jonathan M. , Walker Michael A. , Pool Roy R. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the association between spondylosis deformans and clinical signs of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—210 dogs.
Procedure—Records of 172 dogs with clinical signs of IVDD and 38 dogs with other neurologic disorders were reviewed. Signalment, sites of spondylosis, severity of associated osteophytosis, type of disk herniation, and duration of signs were recorded.
Results—Dogs with IVDD had significantly fewer sites of involvement and lower grades of spondylosis deformans, compared with those in the non-IVDD group. When groups were adjusted for age and weight via multivariate linear regression, there were no differences in severity of osteophytosis or number of affected sites. Dogs with type II disk disease had higher numbers of affected sites and more severe changes, compared with dogs with type I disk herniation. There was no difference between groups in the rate at which IVDD was diagnosed at sites of spondylosis, compared with the rate at which IVDD was diagnosed in unaffected disk spaces. Areas of spondylosis were closer to sites of IVDD that elicited clinical signs than to randomly chosen intervertebral spaces, and distances between sites of spondylosis and sites of IVDD had a bimodal appearance.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An association may exist between radiographically apparent spondylosis and type II disk disease; type I disk disease was not associated with spondylosis. Spondylosis in radiographs of dogs with suspected type I disk disease is not clinically important. Spatial associations among sites of spondylosis and sites of IVDD may be coincidental or associated with vertebral column biomechanics.
Distribution of Malassezia organisms on the skin of unaffected psittacine birds and psittacine birds with feather-destructive behavior
Authors: Preziosi Diane E. , Morris Daniel O. , Johnston Matthew S. , Rosenthal Karen L. , O'Shea Kathleen , Rankin Shelley C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To ascertain whether Malassezia organisms can be detected via cytologic examination and fungal culture of samples from the skin surface of psittacine birds and determine whether the number of those organisms differs between unaffected psittacines and those that have chronic feather-destructive behavior or differs by body region.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—50 unaffected psittacines and 53 psittacines that had feather-destructive behavior.
Procedure—Samples were collected by use of acetate tape strips from the skin of the head, neck, proventer, propatagium, inguinal region, and preen gland area of each bird; 0.5-cm2 sample areas were examined microscopically for yeast, and samples were also incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Polymerase chain reaction assays specific for Malassezia spp, saprophytic fungi, and Candida albicans were performed on DNA prepared from cultured colonies; nested PCR evaluation for Malassezia pachydermatis was then performed.
Results—Microscopically, 63 of 618 (10%) tape-strip samples contained yeast. Thirty cultured colonies were assessed via PCR assays, and all yielded negative results for Malassezia spp; C albicans was identified in 2 colony samples. The numbers of yeast identified microscopically in psittacines with feather-destructive behavior and in unaffected birds did not differ significantly, and numbers did not differ by body region.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Yeast were identified infrequently via cytologic examination of samples from the skin surface of unaffected psittacine birds or those that had chronic feather-destructive behavior. If yeast are identified on the skin of birds with feather-destructive behaviors, fungal culture of skin samples should be performed to identify the organism.
Effects of diet on clinical signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
Authors: Westermarck Elias , Wiberg Maria E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To assess the effects of dietary modification on clinical signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs.
Design—Blinded randomized crossover study.
Animals—21 dogs with EPI.
Procedure—Dogs were fed the diet they received at home for 2 weeks. Thereafter, they received 3 special diets (a high-fat diet, a high-fiber diet, and a highly digestible low-residue diet) for 3 weeks each. Owners scored dogs daily for the last 2 weeks of each 3-week period for severity of 6 clinical signs including appetite, defecation frequency, consistency of feces, borborygmus, flatulence, and coprophagia. An EPI index was calculated for each dog by adding the daily scores for each clinical sign.
Results—Significant differences in daily EPI indices among diets were observed in 20 dogs. The original diet appeared to be the most suitable in 8 dogs, whereas the high-fat diet was most suitable in 5 dogs, the high-fiber diet was most suitable in 4 dogs, and the low-residue diet was most suitable in 2 dogs. In 1 dog, the lowest EPI index score was the same during the original diet and the high-fat diet feeding periods. One dog did not complete the feeding period for the high-fiber diet. Differences in mean EPI indices among diets were not significant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that responses to different diets varied among individual dogs. Because responses to the feeding regimens were unpredictable, it is suggested that feeding regimens be individually formulated for dogs with EPI.
Fecal incontinence associated with epidural spinal hematoma and intervertebral disk extrusion in a dog
Authors: Cerda-Gonzalez Sofia , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 7-year-old castrated male Great Dane was evaluated because of a 2-month history of fecal incontinence.
Clinical Findings—On the basis of the presence of paraparesis and apparently normal spinal reflexes, the neurologic signs were localized in the region of the third thoracic to the third lumbar spinal cord segments. On the basis of the findings of magnetic resonance imaging, a presumptive diagnosis of a compressive intervertebral disk extrusion with secondary hemorrhage and epidural hematoma formation was made.
Treatment and Outcome—A right-sided hemil-aminectomy was performed (centered at the T13-L1 intervertebral space) to further characterize the lesion and decompress the spinal cord. The histopathologic diagnosis was extruded intervertebral disk material with chronic hemorrhage and inflammation. Three weeks after surgery, there was complete resolution of the dog's fecal incontinence and moderate improvements in its hind limb function.
Clinical Relevance—Thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries can result in upper motor neuron fecal incontinence in ambulatory dogs. Epidural spinal hematomas may develop secondary to intervertebral disk herniations and cause spinal cord compression resulting in neurologic deficits.
Avian influenza A virus subtype H5N2 in a red-lored Amazon parrot
Authors: Hawkins Michelle G. , Crossley Beate M. , Osofsky Anna , Webby Richard J. , Lee Chang-Won , Suarez David L. , Hietala Sharon K. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 3-month-old red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis autumnalis) was evaluated for severe lethargy.
Clinical Findings—Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin subtype H5N2 with low pathogenicity was characterized by virus isolation, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay, chicken intravenous pathogenicity index, and reference sera. The virus was also determined to be closely related to a virus lineage that had been reported only in Mexico and Central America.
Treatment and Outcome—The chick was admitted to the hospital and placed in quarantine. Supportive care treatment was administered. Although detection of H5 avian influenza virus in birds in the United States typically results in euthanasia of infected birds, an alternative strategy with strict quarantine measures and repeated diagnostic testing was used. The chick recovered from the initial clinical signs after 4 days and was released from quarantine 9 weeks after initial evaluation after 2 consecutive negative virus isolation and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay results.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of H5N2 avian influenza A virus isolated from a psittacine bird and represents the first introduction of this virus into the United States, most likely by illegal importation of psittacine birds. Avian influenza A virus should be considered as a differential diagnosis for clinical signs of gastrointestinal tract disease in psittacine birds, especially in birds with an unknown history of origin. Although infection with avian influenza virus subtype H5 is reportable, destruction of birds is not always required.
Intracranial abscess caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in a foal
Authors: Janicek John C. , Kramer Joanne , Coates Joan R. , Lattimer Jimmy C. , LaCarrubba Alison M. , Messer Nat T. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-month-old Missouri Fox Trotter colt was examined for a 5-week history of head tilt after treatment for suspected pulmonary Rhodococcus equi infection.
Clinical Findings—Computed tomography revealed osteolysis of the occipital, temporal, and caudal portion of the parietal bones of the left side of the cranium. A soft tissue mass compressing the occipital region of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum was associated with the osteolytic bone.
Treatment and Outcome—A rostrotentorial-suboccipital craniectomy approach was performed to remove fragmented occipital bone, debulk the intracranial mass, and obtain tissue samples for histologic examination and bacterial culture. All neurologic deficits improved substantially within 3 days after surgery. Bacterial culture of the resected soft tissue and bone fragments yielded R equi.
Clinical Relevance—Intracranial surgery in veterinary medicine has been limited to dogs and cats; however, in select cases, extrapolation of surgical techniques used in humans and small animals can assist with intracranial procedures in horses.
London Calling
Authors: Melvin Jeremy 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAn ethnic mix has always been an essential part of London's character, with areas such as Spitalfields home to successive waves of immigrants ‐ from Huguenots in the 18th century to a diverse Jewish population in the mid‐20th century, and a sizable Bangladeshi community today. Jeremy Melvin explains how, through its dynamic sense of the multicultural, ‘London taught other cities how to become metropolises’. How, though, does an urban mix, such a natural phenomenon in areas such as Old Compton Street (left), Brick Lane (centre) and Electric Avenue (right), translate into current architectural form? Here Melvin looks at the work of three London‐based practices that have all worked on community schemes that engender notions of inclusiveness. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crazy Quilt Queens
Authors: Merkel Jayne , Olivas Julian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSpreading out over almost 120 square miles on the northwest corner of Long Island, across the East River from Manhattan, Queens is physically the largest borough in the City of New York, and the second most populous and most ethnically diverse county in the us. Its 2.2 million residents come from 81 different countries, and nearly half are foreign‐born. Writer Jayne Merkel and photographer Julian Olivas describe the architectural diversity of Queens ‐ a combination in which architectural and ethnic characteristics rarely coincide. Most of the borough's residents and institutions occupy structures built by those that came before them. Queens is in almost perpetual flux. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabricating Pluralism
Authors: Horwitz Jamie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn an age when culture has become a lifestyle accoutrement, Jamie Horwitz contemplates both the potency and highly transmittable nature of culture. She puts her ideas to the test by looking at the newly completed facilities of some of the greatest places of cultural acquisition in the us ‐ institutes of learning. How might it be possible for university campuses to foster architectural expression that engenders global social exchange while avoiding all the pitfalls of anonymity most commonly associated with the airport lounge? Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tijuana Case Study Tactics of Invasion: Manufactured Sites
Authors: Cruz Teddy 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTeddy Cruz describes how his practice in San Diego has used its experience of Mexican/US border conditions to inform a project of ‘urban acupuncture’ that has the potential to bridge the enormity of a transnational divide that exists between two adjacent communities. In essence a simple prefabricated aluminium frame, Manufactured Sites could provide the much‐needed, small‐scale infrastructures and services for favela‐like settlements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
House/Home: Dwelling in the New South Africa
Authors: Low Iain 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor a country that endured decades of racial segregation, cultural freedom has a particular poignancy. Iain Low of the University of Cape Town takes his cultural barometer to the new South Africa to measure up the challenges of broadening ‘the new mix’ within a housing landscape that only 10 years ago was dictated by the politics of separation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cengiz Bektas and the Community of Kuzguncuk in Istanbul
Authors: Height David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSituated on the slopes of the Bosporus, Kuzguncuk is a historic suburban area of Istanbul made up of traditional Ottoman houses mixed with 20th‐century apartments and terraces, though retaining the Ottoman street and block topography. Encompassing Muslim, Jewish and Christian Orthodox communities, it is a microcosm of what Istanbul has to offer. English architect David Height, who had the opportunity to work for Cengiz Bektas for a year in his studio in Kuzguncuk, describes Bektas's role in the regeneration of the area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building Traditions The Benny W Reich Cultural Center for the Ethiopian Community, Yavneh, Israel
Authors: Palmon Ruth 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRuth Palmon describes how a hybrid high‐tech mud structure in Yavneh, Israel, designed by Israeli architect Ilan Pivko, creates a lively cultural centre and synagogue for a Jewish Ethiopian community. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making Place in Bangalore
Authors: Siddiqi Anooradha Iyer 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn the city of Bangalore in southern India, the predominant architectural language is that of conventional global commerce. ‘Bland high‐rise developments’ jostle with shanties and urban sprawl. Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi, AIA, explores an alternative way, by Shilpa Sindoor Architects and Planners. The practice invests in a sense of place, but also uses a knowledge of the local construction market and materials to its economic advantage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twenty‐First Century China
Authors: Ong Edmund 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAmerican architect Edmund Ong describes the new China he encounters on his return after three decades. Struck by the pure alacrity of development, he is also startled by the extreme juxtapositions of old and new. He observes an unprecedented free‐for‐all environment that contends with many of the same urban dilemmas already encountered in 20th‐century America. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holl on Hybrids
Authors: Jefferson Everardo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSince his 1970s Pamphlet Architecture series on American architecture, Steven Holl has exhibited a unique ability to pinpoint intersections of culture and building. To gauge exactly how this current of thought might be running through Holl's present explorations, which range from small‐scale domestic homespun projects to substantial schemes in China, guest‐editor Everardo Jefferson interviews Holl at his New York base. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weeksville Education Building
Authors: Caples Sara 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor award‐winning New York practice Caples Jefferson Architects, the commission to design an interpretive centre for the Weeksville Society in Brooklyn offered a rare opportunity to explore African architectural form and to connect to the totality of the black experience in the borough. As guest‐editor Sara Caples explains, it also required taking on board the input of a third party in the mix, representing the city's interests. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hodgetts+Fung
Authors: Bratton Denise 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCraig Hodgetts and Hsin‐Ming Fung are inspired by the ‘diverse and eclectic character’ of their adopted city of Los Angeles. As Denise Bratton explains, LA seeps into the very design process of their practice as much as it informs the character of their work. This is reflected in their dynamic scenographic approach, their bent for canny improvisation, and their attention to new materials and technologies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Westerton Road Grangemouth
Authors: McKeown Henry 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHenry McKeown looks at a social‐housing scheme that Page + Park Architects has recently completed at Grangemouth, just outside Edinburgh. Below an exterior that exudes quasi‐rural charm, McKeown reveals the necessary ‘self‐effacing honesty and endeavour deployed to make good domestic spaces and a good place to live’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Puerta of Dreams
Authors: Watson Howard 
Published: January 2006

AbstractInside, Puerta América is a hotchpotch, but the problem is lessened by using the arch‐minimalist John Pawson to design the communal areas, creating a passive backdrop to the chaos of themes that inhabit the rooms on different floors. A few architecture critics have claimed that some of the more famous contributors have merely placed their signature style within a hotel context. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foraging ecology of howler monkeys in a cacao (Theobroma cacao) plantation in Comalcalco, Mexico
Authors: Muñoz David , Estrada Alejandro , Naranjo Eduardo , Ochoa Susana 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that primate populations may persist in neotropical fragmented landscapes by using arboreal agroecosystems, which may provide temporary habitats, increased areas of vegetation, and connectivity, among other benefits. However, limited data are available on how primates are able to sustain themselves in such manmade habitats. We report the results of a 9‐month‐long investigation of the feeding ecology of a troop of howler monkeys (n=24) that have lived for the past 25 years in a 12‐ha cacao plantation in the lowlands of Tabasco, Mexico. A vegetation census indicated the presence of 630 trees (≥20 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)) of 32 shade species in the plantation. The howlers used 16 plant species (13 of which were trees) as sources of leaves, fruits, and flowers. Five shade tree species (Ficus cotinifolia,Pithecellobium saman,Gliricidia sepium,F. obtusifolia, andFicussp.) accounted for slightly over 80% of the total feeding time and 78% of the total number trees (n=139) used by the howlers, and were consistently used by the howlers from month to month. The howlers spent an average of 51% of their monthly feeding time exploiting young leaves, 29% exploiting mature fruit, and 20% exploiting flowers and other plant items. Monthly consumption of young leaves varied from 23% to 67%, and monthly consumption of ripe fruit varied from 12% to 64%. Differences in the protein‐to‐fiber ratio of young vs. mature leaves influenced diet selection by the monkeys. The howlers used 8.3 ha of the plantation area, and on average traveled 388 m per day in each month. The howlers preferred tree species whose contribution to the total tree biomass and density was above average for the shade‐tree population in the plantation. Given the right conditions of management and protection, shaded arboreal plantations in fragmented landscapes can sustain segments of howler monkey populations for many decades. Am. J. Primatol. 68:127–142, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern of maternal serum corticotropin‐releasing hormone concentration during pregnancy in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Power Michael L. , Bowman Maria E. , Smith Roger , Ziegler Toni E. , Layne Donna G. , Schulkin Jay , Tardif Suzette D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), a potent neuropeptide, is produced by the placenta of anthropoid primates. No other mammals, including prosimian primates, are known to produce placental CRH. In humans, placental CRH appears to play an important role in the progression of pregnancy to parturition. Maternal circulating CRH begins to rise early in pregnancy and increases until parturition. Gorillas and chimpanzees share this pattern of increasing maternal CRH during pregnancy with humans. In humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas, maternal CRH and estradiol concentrations are correlated, consistent with the hypothesis that CRH is involved in the biosynthetic pathway for placental estrogen production. In contrast, in baboons, maternal circulating CRH rises precipitously early in pregnancy and then declines, though CRH is detectable until birth. This research was designed to investigate the pattern of maternal circulating CRH in the common marmoset during pregnancy. Blood samples were taken across gestation from nine subjects over 11 pregnancies, and the plasma was assayed for CRH. The pattern of maternal circulating CRH in the common marmoset was similar to that of the baboon, with a rapid rise starting at about 50 days postconception and a peak at approximately 70 days postconception. By 110 days postconception, CRH concentration had plateaued at a significantly lower value. The peak and mean values for CRH were associated with fetal number (e.g., females gestating triplets had higher values than females gestating twins). Urinary estradiol showed no association with plasma CRH concentration. Marmosets appear to differ from the great apes in this regard, and to share a pattern of maternal CRH during pregnancy with the baboon, indicating that the baboon and marmoset pattern may be ancestral. The function of the early rapid rise of CRH in baboons and marmosets, and the significance of this difference between monkeys and apes, are not known. Am. J. Primatol. 68:181–188, 2006. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die photochemische Untersuchung verschiedener DNA‐Strukturen
Authors: Xu Yan , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDen verschiedenen Konformationen der DNA – den A‐, B‐ und Z‐Formen, dem proteininduzierten DNA‐Knick und der G‐Quartett‐Struktur – werden bedeutende Rollen in biologischen Prozessen zugeschrieben, etwa bei der DNA‐Replikation, der Genexpression und ‐regulierung und der Reparatur beschädigter DNA. Die Untersuchung von lokalen DNA‐Konformationsänderungen bei biologischen Vorgängen ist daher für die Aufklärung der Funktion von DNA unumgänglich. In diesem Kurzaufsatz beschreiben wir die Anwendung der photochemischen Dehalogenierung von 5‐Halogenuracil‐derivatisierter DNA zur Untersuchung von DNA‐Strukturen. Die Wasserstoffabstraktion durch das Uracil‐5‐yl‐Radikal verläuft atomspezifisch und wird stark von der DNA‐Struktur bestimmt. Infolgedessen könnte diese photochemische Methode bei der Untersuchung von DNA‐Konformationen in lebenden Zellen zum Einsatz kommen.