bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin‐echo micro‐MRI of trabecular bone using improved 3D fast large‐angle spin‐echo (FLASE)
Authors: Magland J.F. , Wald M.J. , Wehrli F.W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFast large‐angle spin echo (FLASE) is a common pulse sequence designed for quantitative imaging of trabecular bone (TB) microarchitecture. However, imperfections in the nonselective phase‐reversal pulse render it prone to stimulated echo artifacts. The problem is further exacerbated at isotropic resolution. Here, a substantially improved RF‐spoiled FLASE sequence (sp‐FLASE) is described and its performance is illustrated with data at 1.5T and 3T. Additional enhancements include navigator echoes for translational motion sensing applied in a slice parallel to the imaging slab. Whereas recent work suggests the use of fully‐balanced FLASE (b‐FLASE) to be advantageous from a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) point of view, evidence is provided here that the greater robustness of sp‐FLASE may outweigh the benefits of the minor SNR gain of b‐FLASE for the target application of TB imaging in the distal extremities, sites of exclusively fatty marrow. Results are supported by a theoretical Bloch equation analysis and the pulse sequence dependence of the effective T2 of triglyceride protons. Last, sp‐FLASE images are shown to provide detailed and reproducible visual depiction of trabecular networks in three dimensions at both anisotropic (137 × 137 × 410 μm3) and isotropic (160 × 160 × 160 μm3) resolutions in the human distal tibia in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
iDQC anisotropy map imaging for tumor tissue characterization in vivo
Authors: Branca Rosa T. , Chen Yuming M. , Mouraviev Vladimir , Galiana Gigi , Jenista Elizabeth R. , Kumar Challa , Leuschner Carola , Warren Warren S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIntermolecular double quantum coherences (iDQCs), signals that result from simultaneous transitions of two or more separated spins, are known to produce images that are highly sensitive to subvoxel structure, particularly local anisotropy. Here we demonstrate how iDQCs signal can be used to efficiently detect the anisotropy created in breast tumor tissues and prostate tumor tissues by targeted (LHRH‐conjugated) superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs), thereby distinguishing the necrotic area from the surrounding tumor tissue. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of risk factors for genital prolapse recurrence
Authors: Salvatore Stefano , Athanasiou Stavros , Digesu G. Alessandro , Soligo Marco , Sotiropoulou Myrtia , Serati Maurizio , Antsaklis Aris , Milani Rodolfo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAimsTo assess the relationship between prolapse recurrence and some risk factors in a group of women submitted to reconstructive pelvic surgery.MethodsWomen referred to our Urogynaecological Units complaining of prolapse symptoms were prospectively included. We excluded women who were affected by apical vaginal prolapse >stage I after a previous hysterectomy. All women had pelvic surgery with traditional techniques without using grafts. Each woman was reassessed at 1, 6, and 12 months and then yearly postoperatively. We defined as prolapse recurrence a vaginal descent ≥II stage involving the operated compartments.ResultsA total of 360 consecutive women were recruited and submitted to vaginal reconstructive pelvic surgery. At a mean follow‐up of 26 months, 36 women (10%) had a recurrent prolapse. A preoperative vaginal descent ≥III stage was the only significant risk factor for recurrence (P = 0.02, OR 2.4, 1.1–5.1 95% CI).ConclusionsWomen with prolapse ≥III stage had a significant higher risk of developing prolapse recurrence after surgical repair without grafts. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:301–304, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of two questionnaires for assessing the severity of urinary incontinence: The ICIQ‐UI SF versus the incontinence severity index
Authors: Klovning Atle , Avery Kerry , Sandvik Hogne , Hunskaar Steinar 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAimsTo compare the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) with the Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), and to propose intervals for four severity levels of ICIQ‐UI SF.MethodsCross‐sectional, Internet‐based study of 1,812 women responding to a general health questionnaire. Four severity levels for the ICIQ‐UI SF scores were constructed by iteratively adjusting the ranges for these levels until maximum Kappa scores were obtained when cross‐tabulated with the ISI in a random sample of half of the women with urinary incontinence. Using these intervals, weighted Kappa was calculated for the remaining women as a validation process.ResultsThree hundred forty‐three women had urinary incontinence, and completed the ISI and the ICIQ‐UI SF. A high correlation between the ISI and ICIQ‐UI SF scores with versus without the QoL item was found (Spearman's rho = 0.62, P < 0.01 vs. rho = 0.71, P < 0.01, respectively). Maximum Kappa with quadratic weighting was obtained for the following scale for the ICIQ‐UI SF: slight (1–5), moderate (6–12), severe (13–18) and very severe (19–21) (Kappa = 0.61), and without the QoL item: slight (1–3), moderate (4–5), severe (6–9) and very severe (10–11) (Kappa = 0.71) in the development sample. Correspondingly, for the validating sample, maximum Kappa with quadratic weighting was 0.61 and 0.74.ConclusionsA high correlation between the ICIQ‐UI SF and the ISI was found. The ICIQ‐UI SF may be divided into the following four severity categories: slight (1–5), moderate (6–12), severe (13–18) and very severe (19–21). Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:411–415, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of electrical stimulation of the striatum on bladder activity in cats
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Sakakibara Ryuji , Nakazawa Ken , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Shimizu Eiji , Hattori Takamichi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAimsParkinson's disease (PD) affects the nigrostriatal projections leading to micturition disturbance in most cases. Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms such as urinary urgency or urgent urinary incontinence are common amongst PD patients. Several urodynamic studies have revealed that detrusor overactivity causes OAB symptoms in PD patients. We assert that striatal dysfunction might contribute to the pathogenesis of detrusor overactivity in PD patients. However, the role of the striatum in bladder contraction remains unclear.MethodsWe generated spontaneous isovolumetric bladder contractions in 12 ketamine‐anesthetized adult male cats and subsequently performed electrical stimulation and extracellular single‐unit recording in the striatum.ResultsElectrical stimulation applied to the posterior ventral caudate nucleus and the adjacent putamen educed inhibition of the spontaneous bladder contraction. None of the responses were facilitatory. Electrical stimulation was most effective at an amplitude of 70–400 µA. Forty‐six neurons that exhibited correlation to spontaneous bladder contraction were recorded in the striatum. Thirty‐five neurons were found to be tonically active throughout the bladder relaxation phase, and the remaining 11 neurons were active during the bladder contraction phase. These particular neurons were located within the area in which spontaneous bladder contraction was inhibited by electrical stimulation.ConclusionsElectrical stimulation was found to inhibit bladder contraction, and a correlation was observed between spontaneous bladder relaxation/contraction and neuronal firing in the posterior ventral striatum. Neurourol. Urodyn. 28:549–554, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of RhoA mRNA and activated RhoA in urothelium and smooth muscle, and effects of a rho‐kinase inhibitor on contraction of the porcine urinary bladder
Authors: Nakanishi Kimihiro , Kamai Takao , Mizuno Tomoya , Arai Kyoko , Yamanishi Tomonori 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAimsTo investigate the concentration and activity of RhoA in detrusor and urothelium, as well as the effects of a Rho‐kinase inhibitor, Y‐27632 {(+)‐(R)‐trans‐4‐(1‐aminoethyl)‐N‐(4‐pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride}, on contraction of the pig urinary bladder.MethodsThe concentration of RhoA mRNA was studied by the real‐time RT‐PCR and activated RhoA enzyme was studied by activation assay and Western blotting. In functional studies, the response to Y‐27632 was examined in bladder strips with or without urothelium.ResultsThe concentration of RhoA mRNA (n = 38) and activated RhoA enzyme (n = 19) were greater in urothelium than in detrusor. Tension decrease after administration of Y‐27632 (1 nM to 100 µM) was significantly greater in tissues with urothelium than in tissues without urothelium, after pre‐contraction with KCl (decrease by 52.0 ± 4.6% vs. 28.0 ± 6.8%, respectively; P = 0.0088) or with carbachol (decrease by 53.1 ± 7.2% vs. 30.6 ± 5.8%, respectively; P = 0.0035). Maximum contraction on CRC to carbachol was reduced significantly after administration of 3, 10, and 30 µM Y‐27632 (to 72.2 ± 6.8%, 43.9 ± 7.1%, and 25.0 ± 5.5%, respectively, of the control value) in strips with intact urothelium (n = 36), but was reduced only at 10 and 30 µM (to 66.7 ± 8.3% and 85.6 ± 2.6%, respectively) in tissues without urothelium (n = 20). Inhibitory effect of Y‐27632 (3–30 µM) on the response to electrical field stimulation at 20 and 50 Hz was also greater in tissues with intact urothelium than in tissues without urothelium.ConclusionsThe concentration of RhoA mRNA and activated RhoA enzyme were greater in urothelium than in detrusor. Y‐27632 showed a stronger inhibitory effect in detrusor with intact urothelium than in dose without urothelium. Neurourol. Urodyn. 28:521–528, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A modified node‐to‐segment algorithm passing the contact patch test
Authors: Zavarise Giorgio , De Lorenzis Laura 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSeveral investigations have shown that the classical one‐pass node‐to‐segment (NTS) algorithms for the enforcement of contact constraints fail the contact patch test. This implies that the algorithms may introduce solution errors at the contacting surfaces, and these errors do not necessarily decrease with mesh refinement. The previous research has mainly focused on the Lagrange multiplier method to exactly enforce the contact geometry conditions. The situation is even worse with the penalty method, due to its inherent approximation that yields a solution affected by a non‐zero penetration. The aim of this study is to analyze and improve the contact patch test behavior of the one‐pass NTS algorithm used in conjunction with the penalty method for 2D frictionless contact. The paper deals with the case of linear elements. For this purpose, several sequential modifications of the basic formulation have been considered, which yield incremental improvements in results of the contact patch test. The final proposed formulation is a modified one‐pass NTS algorithm which is able to pass the contact patch test also if used in conjunction with the penalty method. In other words, this algorithm is able to correctly reproduce the transfer of a constant contact pressure with a constant proportional penetration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of first‐order hyperbolic partial differential‐difference equation with shift
Authors: Singh Paramjeet , Sharma Kapil K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this article, we continue the numerical study of hyperbolic partial differential‐difference equation that was initiated in (Sharma and Singh, Appl Math Comput 201(2008), 229–238). In Sharma and Singh, the authors consider the problem with sufficiently small shift arguments. The term negative shift and positive shift are used for delay and advance arguments, respectively. Here, we propose a numerical scheme that works nicely irrespective of the size of shift arguments. In this article, we consider hyperbolic partial differential‐difference equation with negative or positive shift and present a numerical scheme based on the finite difference method for solving such type of initial and boundary value problems. The proposed numerical scheme is analyzed for stability and convergence in L∞ norm. Finally, some test examples are given to validate convergence, the computational efficiency of the numerical scheme and the effect of shift arguments on the solution.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
KIR–HLA receptor‐ligand mismatch associated with a graft‐versus‐tumor effect in haploidentical stem cell transplantation for pediatric metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Pérez‐Martínez Antonio , Leung Wing , Muñoz Evangelina , Iyengar Rekha , Ramírez Manuel , Vicario José Luis , Lassaletta Álvaro , Sevilla Julián , González‐Vicent Marta , Madero Luis , Díaz‐Pérez Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractKiller immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) on natural killer cells (NKs) recognize groups of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles. Cells without an inhibitory HLA ligand may trigger NK activation. Reduced risk of relapse has been reported in malignant hematologic diseases after haploidentical transplantation when HLA ligands against the inhibitory KIRs present in the donor were absent in the recipient. We performed haploidentical transplant in three children with refractory solid tumors. Our results showed that beneficial antitumor effects could be observed in the presence of inhibitory KIR–HLA mismatch. These preliminary results suggest a possible association between disease control and NK cell alloreactivity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:120–124. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoprotective effects of amifostine in the treatment of childhood malignancies
Authors: Çetingül Nazan , Midyat Levent , Kantar Mehmet , Demirağ Bengü , Aksoylar Serap , Kansoy Savaş 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐systemic acute side effects occur, in response to intensive therapies that have been applied in childhood malignancies in recent years. Amifostine has rarely been used in the childhood cancers as a multisystemic protective agent for minimizing these side effects.ProcedureIn this study, the effectiveness of amifostine in combination with chemotherapy for childhood cancer treatment has been researched. Of 11 subjects (2.5 months–17 years) 4 subjects had leukemia, 4 had solid tumor, and 3 had lymphoma. For these 11 subjects, 29 chemotherapy courses were given in combination with amifostine, and 20 without amifostine. Their hematological, gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity were evaluated according to the WHO toxicity criteria. Amifostine was given intravenously in a dose of 740 mg/m2, one to three consecutive days depending on the chemotherapy regimen.ResultsThe hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels of the two groups were not statistically different. However, when comparing the courses of the patients receiving the same medications at the same doses, in the group with amifostine, mean erythrocyte transfusion requirement was significantly reduced (P = 0.025). In 31% of the courses with amifostine and 50% of the courses without amifostine, febrile neutropenia developed. Gastrointestinal system and hepatic toxicity was significantly reduced in the courses with amifostine with respect to those without it (P = 0.001). Vomiting, hypotension and nausea were the only side effects related to amifostine.ConclusionUse of amifostine during the treatment of childhood cancers with intensive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy significantly reduced the erythrocyte transfusion requirements of the patients as well as gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:829–833. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of rituximab for refractory cytopenias associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)
Authors: Rao V. Koneti , Price Susan , Perkins Katie , Aldridge Patricia , Tretler Jean , Davis Joie , Dale Janet K. , Gill Fred , Hartman Kip R. , Stork Linda C. , Gnarra David J. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Newburger Peter E. , Puck Jennifer , Fleisher Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundALPS is a disorder of apoptosis resulting in accumulation of autoreactive lymphocytes, leading to marked lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and multilineage cytopenias due to splenic sequestration and/or autoimmune destruction often presenting in childhood. We summarize our experience of rituximab use during the last 8 years in 12 patients, 9 children, and 3 adults, out of 259 individuals with ALPS, belonging to 166 families currently enrolled in studies at the National Institutes of Health.MethodsRefractory immune thrombocytopenia (platelet count <20,000) in nine patients and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in three patients led to treatment with rituximab. Among them, seven patients had undergone prior surgical splenectomy; three had significant splenomegaly; and two had no palpable spleen.ResultsIn seven out of nine patients with ALPS and thrombocytopenia, rituximab therapy led to median response duration of 21 months (range 14–36 months). In contrast, none of the three children treated with rituximab for AIHA responded. Noted toxicities included profound and prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia in three patients requiring replacement IVIG, total absence of antibody response to polysaccharide vaccines lasting up to 4 years after rituximab infusions in one patient and prolonged neutropenia in one patient.ConclusionToxicities including hypogammaglobulinemia and neutropenia constitute an additional infection risk burden, especially in asplenic individuals, and may warrant avoidance of rituximab until other immunosuppressive medication options are exhausted. Long‐term follow‐up of ALPS patients with cytopenias after any treatment is necessary to determine relative risks and benefits. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:847–852. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perspectives for imaging mass spectrometry in the proteomics landscape
Authors: MacAleese Luke , Stauber Jonathan , Heeren Ron M. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA number of techniques are used in the field of proteomics that can be combined to get the most molecular information from a specific biological sample, fluid or tissue. Imaging techniques are often used to obtain local information from tissue samples. However, imaging experiments are often staining experiments, which rely on specific or aspecific interactions between fluorescent markers and pre‐defined (families of) peptide or protein. Therefore, imaging is often used as a screening or validation tool for the local presence of proteins that have been identified by other means. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) combines the advantages of MS and microscopy in a single experiment. It is a technique that does not require any labeling of the analytes and provides a high multiplexing capability combined with the potential for analyte identification. It enables simultaneous detection of potentially all peptides and proteins present at a tissue surface and is used for the determination and identification of tissue‐specific disease markers. The workflows of IMS experiments closely resemble those of conventional proteomics. In this review, we describe IMS experiments step‐by‐step to position and evaluate the role of IMS in a comparative proteomics landscape. We illustrate in a concise review that IMS is a true discovery oriented tool for proteomics that seamlessly integrates in conventional proteomics workflows and can be perceived as either an alternative or complementary proteomics technique.
Recent developments in public proteomic MS repositories and pipelines
Authors: Mead Jennifer A. , Bianco Luca , Bessant Conrad 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article provides an overview of publicly available proteomic data repositories in a single document with a particular focus on the latest developments, many of which are not announced through traditional publications. The review is intended to inform the proteomics practitioner of the options for storage and dissemination of their MS/MS data in the public domain, and to help those who want to mine proteomic data generated by others. The latter area has arguably seen the most development in recent times, as repositories have sprouted new tools for data analysis, visualisation and experimental design. We also highlight key biological datasets available at each repository, including standard datasets. Finally, we touch upon areas of significant challenge and future directions.
Rice proteomics: Ending phase I and the beginning of phase II
Authors: Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Jwa Nam‐Soo , Rakwal Randeep 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRice is a critically important food crop plant on our planet. It is also an excellent model plant for cereal crops, and now in position to serve as a reference plant for biofuel production. Proteomics study of rice therefore is crucial to better understand “rice” as a whole. Rice proteomics has moved well beyond the initial proteome analysis in the early to late 1990s. Since the year 2000, numerous proteomic studies have been performed in rice during growth and development and against a wide variety of environmental factors. These proteomic investigations have established the high‐resolution 2‐D reference gels of rice tissues, organs, and organelle under normal and adverse (stressed) conditions by optimizing suitable, reproducible systems for gel, and MS‐based proteomic techniques, which “rejuvenated” the rice proteome field. This constituted the “phase I” in rice proteomics, and resulted in rice being labeled as the “cornerstone” of cereal food crop proteomes. Now, we are in position to state that rice proteomics today marks the “beginning of phase II”. This is due to the fact that rice researchers are capable of digging deeper into the rice proteome, mapping PTMs (in particular reversible protein phosphorylation), performing inter‐ and intra‐species comparisons, integrating proteomics data with other “omic” technologies‐generated data, and probing the functional aspect of individual proteins. These advancements and their impact on the future of rice proteomics are the focus of this review.
Distress among women receiving uninformative BRCA1/2 results: 12‐month outcomes
Authors: O'Neill Suzanne C. , Rini Christine , Goldsmith Rachel E. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis , Cohen Lawrence H. , Schwartz Marc D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: Few data are available regarding the long‐term psychological impact of uninformative BRCA1/2 test results. This study examines change in distress from pretesting to 12‐months post‐disclosure, with medical, family history, and psychological variables, such as pretesting perceived risk of carrying a deleterious mutation prior to testing and primary and secondary appraisals, as predictors.Methods: Two hundred and nine women with uninformative BRCA1/2 test results completed questionnaires at pretesting and 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month post‐disclosure, including measures of anxiety and depression, cancer‐specific and genetic testing distress. We used a mixed models approach to predict change in post‐disclosure distress.Results: Distress declined from pretesting to 1‐month post‐disclosure, but remained stable thereafter. Primary appraisals predicted all types of distress at 1‐month post‐disclosure. Primary and secondary appraisals predicted genetic testing distress at 1‐month as well as change over time. Receiving a variant of uncertain clinical significance and entering testing with a high expectation for carrying a deleterious mutation predicted genetic testing distress that persisted through the year after testing.Conclusions: As a whole, women receiving uninformative BRCA1/2 test results are a resilient group. For some women, distress experienced in the month after testing does not dissipate. Variables, such as heightened pretesting perceived risk and cognitive appraisals, predict greater likelihood for sustained distress in this group and could be amenable to intervention. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.