bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicians Who Practice Primarily in Nursing Homes and the Quality of End-of-Life Care Among Residents
Authors: Ghosh Arnab K. , Unruh Mark Aaron , Yun Hyunkyung , Jung Hye-Young 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceClinician specialization in the care of nursing home (NH) residents or patients in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) has become increasingly common. It is not known whether clinicians focused on NH care, often referred to as SNFists (ie, physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants concentrating their practice in the NH or SNF setting), are associated with a reduced likelihood of burdensome transitions in the last 90 days of life for residents, which are a marker of poor-quality end-of-life (EOL) care.ObjectiveTo quantify the association between receipt of care from an SNFist and quality of EOL care for NH residents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed Medicare fee-for-service claims for a nationally representative 20% sample of beneficiaries to examine burdensome transitions among NH decedents at the EOL from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted from December 2022 to June 2023.ExposureReceipt of care from an SNFist, defined as physicians and advanced practitioners who provided 80% or more of their evaluation and management visits in NHs annually.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThis study used augmented inverse probability weighting in analyses of Medicare fee-for-service claims for a nationally representative 20% sample of beneficiaries. Main outcomes included 4 measures of burdensome transitions: (1) hospital transfer in the last 3 days of life; (2) lack of continuity in NHs after hospitalization in the last 90 days of life; (3) multiple hospitalizations in the last 90 days of life for any reason or any hospitalization for pneumonia, urinary tract infection, dehydration, or sepsis; and (4) any hospitalization in the last 90 days of life for an ambulatory care–sensitive condition.ResultsOf the 2 091 954 NH decedents studied (mean [SD] age, 85.4 [8.5] years; 1 470 724 women [70.3%]), 953 722 (45.6%) received care from SNFists and 1 138 232 (54.4%) received care from non-SNFists; 422 575 of all decedents (20.2%) experienced a burdensome transition at the EOL. Receipt of care by an SNFist was associated with a reduced risk of (1) hospital transfer in the last 3 days of life (−1.6% [95% CI, −2.5% to −0.8%]), (2) lack of continuity in NHs after hospitalization (−4.8% [95% CI, −6.7% to −3.0%]), and (3) decedents experiencing multiple hospitalizations for any reason or any hospitalization for pneumonia, urinary tract infection, dehydration, or sepsis (−5.8% [95% CI, −10.1% to −1.7%]). There was not a statistically significant association with the risk of hospitalization for an ambulatory care–sensitive condition in the last 90 days of life (0.0% [95% CI, −14.7% to 131.7%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that SNFists may be an important resource to improve the quality of EOL care for NH residents.
Engineered Microorganisms for Advancing Tumor Therapy
Authors: Jia Jinxuan , Wang Xiaocheng , Lin Xiang , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEngineered microorganisms have attracted significant interest as a unique therapeutic platform in tumor treatment. Compared with conventional cancer treatment strategies, engineering microorganism‐based systems provide various distinct advantages, such as the intrinsic capability in targeting tumors, their inherent immunogenicity, in situ production of antitumor agents, and multiple synergistic functions to fight against tumors. Herein, the design, preparation, and application of the engineered microorganisms for advanced tumor therapy are thoroughly reviewed. This review presents a comprehensive survey of innovative tumor therapeutic strategies based on a series of representative engineered microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, microalgae, and fungi. Specifically, it offers extensive analyses of the design principles, engineering strategies, and tumor therapeutic mechanisms, as well as the advantages and limitations of different engineered microorganism‐based systems. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects in this field, which can inspire new ideas for the design of creative tumor therapy paradigms utilizing engineered microorganisms and facilitate their clinical applications, are discussed.
Prophylactic Supplementation with Lactobacillus Reuteri or Its Metabolite GABA Protects Against Acute Ischemic Cardiac Injury
Authors: Wang Jiawan , Zhang Hao , Yuan Hailong , Chen Siqi , Yu Ying , Zhang Xuan , Gao Zeyu , Du Heng , Li Weitao , Wang Yaohui , Xia Pengyan , Wang Jun , Song Moshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiome has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) after myocardial infarction is a serious complication and whether certain gut bacteria can serve as a treatment option remains unclear. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well‐studied probiotic that can colonize mammals including humans with known cholesterol‐lowering properties and anti‐inflammatory effects. Here, the prophylactic cardioprotective effects of L. reuteri or its metabolite γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) against acute ischemic cardiac injury caused by I/R surgery are demonstrated. The prophylactic gavage of L. reuteri or GABA confers cardioprotection mainly by suppressing cardiac inflammation upon I/R. Mechanistically, GABA gavage results in a decreased number of proinflammatory macrophages in I/R hearts and GABA gavage no longer confers any cardioprotection in I/R hearts upon the clearance of macrophages. In vitro studies with LPS‐stimulated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) further reveal that GABA inhibits the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype by inhibiting lysosomal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, this study demonstrates that the prophylactic oral administration of L. reuteri or its metabolite GABA attenuates macrophage‐mediated cardiac inflammation and therefore alleviates cardiac dysfunction after I/R, thus providing a new prophylactic strategy to mitigate acute ischemic cardiac injury.
Transferrable Alumina Membranes as High‐Performance Dielectric for Flexible 2D Materials Devices
Authors: Borhade Poonam Subhash , Raman Radha , Yen Zhi‐Long , Hsieh Ya‐Ping , Hofmann Mario 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D materials have shown great promise for novel electronic functionality. A common challenge for 2D materials‐based transistors is forming a high‐performance gate terminal due to the challenges of depositing a dielectric of sufficient quality and controllable thickness. Herein the van‐der‐Waals integration of a free‐standing Al2O3 dielectric membrane is demonstrated as a facile, scalable, and powerful gate dielectric. A process is developed that permits the wet transfer of an amorphous alumina layer with a finely adjustable equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) in the single nanometer range. Electrical characterization demonstrates the high breakdown field and low leakage of the dielectric and integration into 2D materials transistors reveals a high performance. The wafer‐scale uniformity of the dielectric membrane permits the formation of large‐scale flexible devices that exhibit good robustness and long‐term stability.
Preparation of cresyl diphenyl phosphate‐loaded halloysite nanotube composite and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Xiangliang , Zhang Yu , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun , Li Zhiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo address the shortcomings of poor thermal stability, easy migration, and over‐plasticization of the liquid organic phosphorus flame retardant, cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP), we employed halloysite nanotube (HNT) as a carrier to load CDP, thus forming a novel composite (HNT‐CDP). The results demonstrated that the CDP loaded into HNT channels was 41 wt%. HNT‐CDP composites exhibited higher thermal stability, water resistance, and flame retardancy than mixtures of HNT and CDP in epoxy resin (EP). With a loading of 15 wt%, the limiting oxygen index of EP/HNT‐CDP increased to 48.3 and achieved a V‐0 rating in UL94 tests. Additionally, HNT‐CDP exhibited better inhibitory effects on the peak heat release rate and total heat release of EP, as well as a longer time to ignition, compared with the mixture. Moreover, as opposed to EP/HNT + CDP, EP/HNT‐CDP exhibited a significant 114.5% increase in tensile strength. These excellent thermal, water resistance, and mechanical properties can be primarily attributed to the loading of CDP by HNT channels. HNT effectively utilizes the channel confinement effect to isolate CDP from directly interacting with EP. The outstanding flame retardancy is mainly due to the synergistic effect between HNT and CDP after the formation of the composite.
Study on the property of self‐reactive colloidal dust suppressant and the synergistic dust suppressant mechanism
Authors: Lu Wei , Liu Liman , Li Jinliang , Chen Yunlong , Li Jinhu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe poor plasticity of coal results in a large amount of dust during the mining process, thereby posing a significant impact on mine safety and the health of workers. In order to address this issue, a method has been proposed to suppress dust by enhancing the plasticity of coal through injecting a reactive material, which forms a colloid within the coal. The results implicated that the self‐active colloidal dust suppressant, composed of sodium alginate, gluconolactone, calcium disodium EDTA, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, effectively improved the moisture content of coal seams and decreased the brittleness of coal. Scanning electron microscopy and specific surface area test revealed that the dust suppressant not only tightly adheres to the surface of the coal after the reaction, but also penetrates the coal pores and forms a colloid on both the inner and outer surfaces of the coal. The material is rich in carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which forms hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present in coal. This interaction enhances the toughness of coal. Simultaneously, it has the ability to adsorb water and function as a moisturizer. The combined synergistic effect of these mechanisms fundamentally reduces dust production during the coal mining process.
Implementing virtual reality technology to teach medical college systemic anatomy: A pilot study
Authors: Liao Meng‐Lin , Yeh Chi‐Chuan , Lue June‐Horng , Chang Ming‐Fong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt can be difficult for some students to learn three‐dimensional anatomical structure concepts. While virtual reality (VR) systems have been reported as helpful for learning, there has been scarce research on either VR teaching strategies or the influence of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) in the context of large anatomy classes (i.e., over 100 students). The study thus aimed to (1) establish a VR anatomy instruction video for a large class; (2) determine how many students experience VIMS when watching a VR anatomy instruction video; (3) evaluate the influence of VIMS on VR anatomy video‐based learning; and (4) examine whether a small screen size alleviates VIMS. Laboratory course students viewing a VR anatomy instruction video about the vascular system were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey. Anatomy faculty and staff participated in an experimental trial to determine whether small screen size could alleviate VIMS. The Likert scale survey revealed that students reported the VR strategy as advantageous and appropriate for large classes, but that it cannot replace practical dissection. Of the total participants, 32% reported experiencing VIMS, and 40% of those experiencing VIMS agreed that this could negatively impact their learning through a VR anatomy instruction video. Adjusting the screen size from large to small significantly delayed the onset of VIMS. In conclusion, the VR anatomy instruction video strategy is feasible and helpful for large classes, but educators should consider VIMS when planning their use of this teaching approach.
Optimization of hematite nanoparticles from natural ore as novel imaging agents: A Green Chemistry approach
Authors: Asha Albert , Chamundeeswari Munusamy , Flora Rayappan Mary Nancy , Preethy Kuppusamy Ravichandran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this research, we propose an environmentally friendly method for producing hematite nanoparticles (H‐NPs) from natural hematite ore, focusing on their application as efficient contrast agents in x‐ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging for medical purposes. The process involves the reduction of iron oxide within the ore to attain the desired hematite phase, crucial for synthesizing H‐NPs. To ensure sustainability, we adopted a Green Chemistry approach, utilizing a combination of carbon soot and limestone for the purification process, thereby achieving eco‐conscious production. The produced H‐NPs were thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, such as x‐ray fluorescence (XRF), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and FESEM‐EDX (field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline rhombohedral hexagonal lattice structure, while FT‐IR spectra indicated the presence of characteristic Fe–O stretching modes in line with the expected molecular composition. FESEM‐EDX imaging unveiled agglomerated particles, ranging in size from 54.6 to 149.9 nm for iron ore and 22 nm for H‐NPs. These particles were primarily composed of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O). The magnetic properties of the H‐NPs were investigated through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies, highlighting their distinct ferromagnetic behavior. Of particular significance, the H‐NPs demonstrated exceptional performance as contrast agents in both x‐ray and CT imaging. Even at minimal concentrations, they exhibited remarkable x‐ray absorption capabilities. CT scans further validated their exceptional absorptive capacity. These findings emphasize the potential of H‐NPs as valuable assets in medical imaging, serving as sustainable tools for enhanced diagnostic applications. The study showcases an eco‐conscious approach to harnessing natural resources, paving the way for a greener and more effective utilization of H‐NPs in the medical imaging landscape.
A novel strategy for the quality control of carbonized Typhae pollen using colorimeter, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and efficacy evaluation coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Jiaqi Li , Min Tang , Yongqi Zhong , Xiaolong Li , Yuewei Ge , Shumei Wang , Shengwang Liang , Jiang Meng , Fei Sun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel quality control strategy was proposed, aiming to establish a multivariate specification for the processing step by exploring the correlation between colors, chemical components, and hemostatic effects of the carbonized Typhae pollen (CTP) using multivariate statistical analysis. The CTP samples were stir‐fried at different durations. Afterward, the colorimeter and LC–MS techniques were applied to characterize the CTP samples, followed by the determination of bleeding time and clotting time using mice to evaluate their hemostatic effect. Then, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multi‐block partial least squares were used for data analysis on colors, chemical components, and their correlation with the hemostatic effect. Consequently, 13 critical quality attributes (CQAs) of CTP were identified via multivariate statistical analysis—L*, a*, b*, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, azelaic acid, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. The multivariate specification method involving the 13 CQAs was developed and visualized in the latent variable space of the partial least squares model, indicating that the proposed method was successfully applied to assess the quality of CTP and the degree of carbonization. Most importantly, this study offers a novel insight into the control of processing for carbonized Chinese herbal medicines.
Molecular Driving Forces in the Self‐Association of Silaffin Peptide R5 from MD Simulations
Authors: Mao Coco M. , Sampath Janani , Pfaendtner Jim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 19‐residue silaffin‐R5 peptide has been widely studied for its ability to precipitate uniform SiO2 particles through mild temperature and pH pathways, in the absence of any organic solvents. There is consensus that post‐translational modification (PTM) of side chains has a large impact on the biomineralization process. Thus, it is imperative to understand the precise mechanisms that dictate the formation of SiO2 from R5 peptide, including the effects of PTM on peptide aggregation and peptide‐surface adsorption. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the aggregation of R5 dimer with multiple PTMs, with the presence of different ions in solution. Since this system has strong interactions with deep metastable states, we use parallel bias metadynamics with partitioned families to efficiently sample the different states of the system. We find that peptide aggregation is a prerequisite for biomineralization. We observe that the electrostatic interactions are essential in the R5 dimer aggregation; for wild type R5 that only has positively charged residues, phosphate ions HPO42− in the solution form a bridge between two peptides and are essential for peptide aggregation.
Transcriptome analysis suggests the role of expansin genes in the improved germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds after hydropriming
Authors: Catiempo Rose L. , Photchanachai Songsin , Powell Adrian F. , Strickler Susan R. , Wongs‐Aree Chalermchai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is widely utilized for seed oil production. Priming seeds prior to sowing is a technique used to enhance the germination rate and uniformity of seedling growth. Priming times of 6 and 18 h were selected to be the optimal and extended durations, respectively. Three biological replicates per treatment were used for next‐generation sequencing via the Illumina platform. In this study, priming conditions decreased the time to 50% radicle emergence, implying earlier and more uniform germination without affecting the final germination percentage. Transcriptome analysis identified 6171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for 0–6 h, 7241 DEGs for 0–18 h, and 1527 DEGs for 6–18 h. The number of expressed DEGs during the early hours of priming exceeded those identified during the extended priming time, suggesting more metabolic processes were taking place in the earlier priming period. Noteworthy DEGs are related to stress responses, the biosynthesis of metabolites, and the activation of antioxidants and phytohormones. Moreover, these DEGs were significantly enriched in translation, metabolic processes, and biosynthesis for the priming times of 0–6 h and 0–18 h, whereas anaerobic respiration, detection of hypoxia, and lipid transport were differentially expressed between 6 and 18 h. Furthermore, expansin genes, namely, EXPA1, EXPA9, EXPA15, EXLA3, and EXP/Lol pI 3B GAG‐pre‐integrase domain, were significantly expressed. These expansins are cell wall‐loosening proteins that are involved in the processes of physiological development in higher plants, including seed germination. The data obtained in this study contribute toward deciphering the molecular mechanisms associated with seed priming in sunflower seeds.
Improving nitrogen content in the carboxylation and electron transfer component can boost the reproductive biomass of filmless cotton in arid areas
Authors: Li Nannan , Li Junhong , Shi Xiaojuan , Hao Xianzhe , Shi Feng , Wang Jun , Luo Honghai , Tian Liwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep drip irrigation combined with high‐density planting is one of the most economical and effective ways to address residual film pollution. This study aimed to explore the photosynthetic potential of and achieve water‐saving and high‐yielding filmless cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by optimizing the irrigation amount. We analyzed the effect of source leaf activity on leaf nitrogen allocation and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency (PNUE) under different irrigation amounts (mm, 375 (W5), 348 (W4), 320 (W3), 293 (W2), and 265 (W1)) in a 2‐year field experiment under this planting mode. The photosynthetic pigment content, leaf mass per area, and light compensation point all decreased with increasing amounts of irrigation, while the apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis, light saturation point, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), triose phosphate utilization rate (VTPU), nitrogen content in the electron transfer component (NB), and nitrogen content in the carboxylation component (NC) showed opposite trends. At the later full boll stage, the W3 and W4 treatments increased the leaf area of a whole plant (LA) by 10.4% and 19.4%, respectively, compared to that in the W1 treatment, while the PNUE increased by 20.2% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to that in the W5 treatment. In addition, principal component analysis found that the factor variables total nitrogen content in the photosynthetic apparatus (NT), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), light‐saturated net photosynthetic rate (Amax), NC, and Vcmax had higher loadings and were all positively correlated with PNUE; LA had a higher loading and was positively correlated with reproductive organ biomass. Therefore, we recommend using an irrigation rate of 320 mm in this cultivation system to increase nitrogen in carboxylation and electron transport components, enhance photosynthetic capacity, and thereby improve PNUE to increase reproductive organ biomass and reduce the irrigation amount in arid areas.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on employee green behavior: Role of green human resource management practices and employee green culture
Authors: Aukhoon Mubashir Ahmad , Iqbal Junaid , Parray Zahoor Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study delved into the intricate relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee green behavior, with a specific focus on two critical factors: green human resource management practices and employee green culture. Through a meticulously designed research framework, 300 employees from the banking sector were randomly selected to ensure diverse representation. The empirical outcomes underscored the pivotal role of green human resource management practices as a mediator. These practices act as a bridge, enhancing the positive impact of CSR on employee green behavior. This underscores the significance of aligning human resource strategies with sustainability goals, thus elevating environmental awareness among employees. Employee green culture emerged as a substantial moderator. A nurturing organizational culture that encourages eco‐friendly behaviors significantly strengthened the connection between corporate social responsibility and green behavior among employees. This emphasizes the pivotal role of organizational culture in facilitating the successful implementation of CSR initiatives and fostering a sustainable corporate ethos.