bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Step Replica Symmetry Breaking of Random Regular NAE-SAT II
Authors: Nam Danny , Sly Allan , Sohn Youngtak 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContinuing our earlier work in Nam et al. (One-step replica symmetry breaking of random regular NAE-SAT I, arXiv:2011.14270, 2020), we study the random regular k-nae-sat model in the condensation regime. In Nam et al. (2020), the (1rsb) properties of the model were established with positive probability. In this paper, we improve the result to probability arbitrarily close to one. To do so, we introduce a new framework which is the synthesis of two approaches: the small subgraph conditioning and a variance decomposition technique using Doob martingales and discrete Fourier analysis. The main challenge is a delicate integration of the two methods to overcome the difficulty arising from applying the moment method to an unbounded state space.
Virasoro constraints for moduli of sheaves and vertex algebras
Authors: Bojko Arkadij , Lim Woonam , Moreira Miguel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn enumerative geometry, Virasoro constraints were first conjectured in Gromov-Witten theory with many new recent developments in the sheaf theoretic context. In this paper, we rephrase the sheaf theoretic Virasoro constraints in terms of primary states coming from a natural conformal vector in Joyce’s vertex algebra. This shows that Virasoro constraints are preserved under wall-crossing. As an application, we prove the conjectural Virasoro constraints for moduli spaces of torsion-free sheaves on any curve and on surfaces with only $(p,p)$
(
p
,
p
)
cohomology classes by reducing the statements to the rank 1 case.
An M cell-targeting recombinant L. lactis vaccine against four H. pylori adhesins
Authors: Zhang Furui , Shi Tianyi , Zhang Zhen , Wang Shue , Liu Jing , Li Yonghong , Wang Xuequan , Liu Kunmei , Guo Le 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The acidic environment and enzyme degradation lead to oral vaccines often having little immune effect. Therefore, it is an attractive strategy to study an effective and safe oral vaccine delivery system that can promote gastrointestinal mucosal immune responses and inhibit antigen degradation. Moreover, the antigens uptake by microfold cells (M cells) is the determining step in initiating efficient immune responses. Therefore, M cell-targeting is one promising approach for enhancing oral vaccine potency. In the present study, an M cell-targeting L. lactis surface display system (plSAM) was built to favor the multivalent epitope vaccine antigen (FAdE) to achieve effective gastrointestinal mucosal immunity against Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, a recombinant Lactococcus lactic acid vaccine (LL-plSAM-FAdE) was successfully prepared, and its immunological properties and protective efficacy were analyzed. The results showed that LL-plSAM-FAdE can secretively express the recombinant proteins SAM-FAdE and display the SAM-FAdE on the bacterial cell surface. More importantly, LL-plSAM-FAdE effectively promoted the phagocytosis and transport of vaccine antigen by M cells in the gastrointestinal tract of mice, and simulated high levels of cellular and humoral immune responses against four key H. pylori adhesins (Urease, CagL, HpaA, and Lpp20) in the gastrointestinal tract, thus enabling effective prevention of H. pylori infection and to some extent eliminating H. pylori already present in the gastrointestinal tract.

Key points
• M-cell-targeting L. lactis surface display system LL- plSAM was designed
• This system displays H. pylori vaccine-promoted phagocytosis and transport of M cell
• A promising vaccine candidate for controlling H. pylori infection was verified
MR diagnosis of SCC arising within ovarian cystic teratomas: analysis of mural nodule characteristics
Authors: Fukuzawa Takuya , Ohya Ayumi , Tanaka Mika , Shimizu Marika , Kobayashi Kentaro , Matsushita Tomohito , Watanabe Tomofumi , Kobara Hisanori , Fujinaga Yasunari 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate and identify magnetic resonance (MR) findings of mural nodules to detect squamous cell carcinoma arising from ovarian mature cystic teratoma (SCC-MCT).

Methods
This retrospective study examined 135 patients (SCC-MCTs, n = 12; and benign MCTs, n = 123) with confirmed diagnoses across five different institutions between January 2010 and June 2022. Preoperative MR images for each patient were independently assessed by two experienced radiologists and analyzed following previously reported findings (PRFs): age, tumor size, presence of mural nodules, size of mural nodule, and the angle between mural nodule and cyst wall (acute or obtuse). Furthermore, this study evaluated four mural nodule features—diffusion restriction, fat intensity, Palm tree appearance, and calcification—and the presence of transmural extension.

Results
There were significant differences between the SCC-MCT and benign MCT groups in terms of all PRFs and all mural nodule findings (p < 0.01). Among the PRFs, “tumor size” demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 88.6%. A combination of the aforementioned four mural nodule findings showed a sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 97.6%, respectively, for the diagnosis of SCC-MCT. Regarding diagnosis based on a combination of four mural nodule findings, the specificity was significantly higher than the diagnosis based on tumor size (p = 0.021). Based on these mural nodule findings, three SCC-MCT patients without transmural invasion could be diagnosed.

Conclusion
Mural nodule MR findings had a higher diagnostic performance than PRFs for SCC-MCT and can potentially allow early detection of SCC-MCTs.

Graphical abstract
How do AI markings on screening mammograms correspond to cancer location? An informed review of 270 breast cancer cases in BreastScreen Norway
Authors: Koch Henrik Wethe , Larsen Marthe , Bartsch Hauke , Martiniussen Marit Almenning , Styr Bodil Margrethe , Fagerheim Siri , Haldorsen Ingfrid Helene Salvesen , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the location of AI markings on screening mammograms with cancer location on diagnostic mammograms, and to classify interval cancers with high AI score as false negative, minimal sign, or true negative.

Methods
In a retrospective study from 2022, we compared the performance of an AI system with independent double reading according to cancer detection. We found 93% (880/949) of the screen-detected cancers, and 40% (122/305) of the interval cancers to have the highest AI risk score (AI score of 10). In this study, four breast radiologists reviewed mammograms from 126 randomly selected screen-detected cancers and all 120 interval cancers with an AI score of 10. The location of the AI marking was stated as correct/not correct in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique view. Interval cancers with an AI score of 10 were classified as false negative, minimal sign significant/non-specific, or true negative.

Results
All screen-detected cancers and 78% (93/120) of the interval cancers with an AI score of 10 were correctly located by the AI system. The AI markings matched in both views for 79% (100/126) of the screen-detected cancers and 22% (26/120) of the interval cancers. For interval cancers with an AI score of 10, 11% (13/120) were correctly located and classified as false negative, 10% (12/120) as minimal sign significant, 26% (31/120) as minimal sign non-specific, and 31% (37/120) as true negative.

Conclusion
AI markings corresponded to cancer location for all screen-detected cancers and 78% of the interval cancers with high AI score, indicating a potential for reducing the number of interval cancers. However, it is uncertain whether interval cancers with subtle findings in only one view are actionable for recall in a true screening setting.

Clinical relevance statement
In this study, AI markings corresponded to the location of the cancer in a high percentage of cases, indicating that the AI system accurately identifies the cancer location in mammograms with a high AI score.

Key Points
• All screen-detected and 78% of the interval cancers with high AI risk score (AI score of 10) had AI markings in one or two views corresponding to the location of the cancer on diagnostic images.
• Among all 120 interval cancers with an AI score of 10, 21% (25/120) were classified as a false negative or minimal sign significant and had AI markings matching the cancer location, suggesting they may be visible on prior screening.
• Most of the correctly located interval cancers matched only in one view, and the majority were classified as either true negative or minimal sign non-specific, indicating low potential for being detected earlier in a real screening setting.
Fullerenol as a novel therapeutic agent for sepsis-induced cardiomyocytes damage
Authors: Zhang Tingjun , Chen Ling , Ding Xuefeng , He Rendong , Wang Hao , Guo Junsong , Niu Shaowei , Wang Guixia , Liu Fengjun , Hu Houxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSepsis-induced myocardial damage (SIMD) is a serious complication of sepsis that affects cardiac function and prognosis. However, effective methods for the prevention and treatment of SIMD are presently lacking. This study reports the crucial function of fullerenols in protecting cardiomyocytes from septic injury. First, we applied the as-prepared fullerenols as an effective free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum anti-oxidant to protect against LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Next, we verified their ability to downregulate IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS-dependent pyroptosis in AC16 induced by LPS. Finally, we observed that the protective mechanism of fullerenol against SIMD involves the regulation of the NFκB/iNOS/COX-2 pathway. This study presents a timely and essential investigation of the prevention and treatment of SIMD, providing new insights into the applications of fullerenols for therapeutic strategies.
Low-wind climatology (1979–2018) over Europe from ERA5 reanalysis
Authors: Gutiérrez Claudia , Molina María , Ortega María , López-Franca Noelia , Sánchez Enrique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch on wind speed characteristics is of interest for many disciplines from renewable energy to ecology. Whereas mean values and trends are commonly studied, less attentions is paid to the evaluation of other features such as low-wind conditions. However, there is no clear definition of “low-wind” on the literature. Here we propose the Beaufort scale to characterize low-wind values over Europe through a fixed threshold of 3.3 m/s (“light breeze" category). Climatological (1979–2018) assessment is performed using ERA5 reanalysis hourly data. The limited amount of observational stations indicate a 40-year averaged amount of around 3500 low-wind hours/year, comparable to the corresponding ERA5 reanalysis cells, which shows severe limitations over mountainous areas. The European domain features a strong north–south low-wind hours gradient. Remarkable patterns are obtained over coasts and complex orography regions. Seasonal low-wind variability range around 20–25% for most of the regions, and interannual coefficient of variability from 0.05 to 0.17. Oceanic regions present smaller low-wind values than land areas, with Atlantic and Mediterranean regions behaving differently. The largest annual spells (consecutive) hourly low-wind episodes are within the range from 5 to 10 days, (from 120 to 240 h) over many land areas. Annual mean hourly wind spells typically extend from 15 to 25 h, with more than 200 episodes.
Anomalies of the right hepatic artery in periampullary cancer treatment: are pathological and clinical outcomes different? A single tertiary referral center retrospective analysis
Authors: De Sio Davide , Lucinato Chiara , Panza Edoardo , Quero Giuseppe , Laterza Vito , Schena Carlo Alberto , Fiorillo Claudio , Taglioni Flavia , Menghi Roberta , Longo Fabio , Rosa Fausto , Tortorelli Antonio Pio , Tondolo Vincenzo , Alfieri Sergio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anomalies of the right hepatic artery (RHA) may represent an additional challenge in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The aim of this study is to assess the potential impact of variations in hepatic arterial anatomy on perioperative outcomes.

Methods
PDs performed for periampullary malignancies between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively enrolled and subdivided in two groups: modal pattern of vascularization (MPV) and anomalous pattern of vascularization (APV). A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to homogenize the two study populations. The two groups were then compared in terms of perioperative outcomes and pathological findings.

Results
Thirty-eight patients (16.3%) out of 232 presented a vascular anomaly: an accessory RHA in 7 cases (3%), a replaced RHA in 26 cases (11.2%), and a replaced HA in 5 cases (2.1%). After PSM, 76 MPV patients were compared to the 38 APV patients. The incidence rate of postoperative complications was comparable between the two study populations (p=0.2). Similarly, no difference was detected in terms of histopathological data, including margin status. No difference was noted in terms of intraoperative hemorrhage and vascular resection.

Conclusion
When PDs are performed in high-volume centers, the presence of an APV of the RHA does not relate to a significant impact on perioperative complications. Moreover, no influence was noted on histopathological findings.
Enhanced Identification of Fracture Smectites and Other Alteration Minerals Via Short-Wave Infrared Reflectance at Two Finnish Crystalline Sites, Olkiluoto and Hyrkkölä
Authors: Reijonen H. M. , Elminen T. , Heikkilä P. , Kuva J. , Jolis E. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFracture filling minerals and the smectite-group clay minerals in particular play a significant role in the geotechnical stability of the fractured rock mass. Smectites have multiple uses as geomaterials in waste management solutions, of which the most technically demanding is the geological disposal of radioactive waste. Here, the stability and occurrence of smectites as fracture filling minerals were studied with two main objectives: 1) to test the capability of short-wave infrared spectroscopy as a tool to streamline the site assessment where clay mineralogy needs to be characterised in detail, and 2) to provide a first assessment of naturally occurring smectites in various sample types collected from two Finnish sites (Olkiluoto and Hyrkkölä) and their potential as natural analogues of smectite stability for bentonite used in the engineered barrier systems of geological disposal repositories. The short-wave infrared (SWIR) method has been validated to be a useful tool in fracture mineral characterisation, specifically due to its fast acquisition and interpretation time compared to the conventional methods. The study confirms the in situ occurrence of smectites at both sites studied showing that, especially in Hyrkkölä, the smectite-group member is close to montmorillonite, the main constituent of bentonite. At Olkiluoto, the smectites studied show more interstratified features. The differences in the mode of occurrence are related to the history of their formation, especially hydrothermal alteration, and parent rock composition.
Clinical characteristics and dynamics of disability progression in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis in Latvians
Authors: Kalnina Jolanta , Trapina Ilva , Sjakste Nikolajs , Paramonova Natalia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere is wide variation in the time from the onset to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and some controversy regarding the clinical characteristics of the courses (phenotypes) of MS. The present study aimed to characterize demographic and clinical factors that potentially influence long-term disability progression in the cohort of Latvian MS patients. A descriptive longitudinal incidence study was conducted using a cohort of 288 MS patients beginning in 2011 (disease duration from 1 to 51 years). Socio-demographic and clinical information from the first visit to 15/20 years was analysed in groups stratified by gender and visits at five-time points (the first visit; after a year or 2; after 5 ± 1 year; after 10 ± 2 years; after 15–20 years). Our study was dominated by patients from urban areas and non-smokers. The female/male ratio was 2.4:1; the distribution of clinical courses at the first visit was consistent with most European studies. The most common symptom at presentation in our study was optic manifestations, followed by sensory disturbances and motor deficits. In the Latvian study, gender was not a significant influencing factor on the rate of disease progression; however, patient age was statistically significantly associated with EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) value at the first visit. Early clinical features of MS are important in predicting the disability accumulation of patients. Despite the small differences regarding the first MS symptoms, the disability outcomes in the cohort of Latvian patients are similar to other regions of the world.
Diagnostic utility of whole-body computed tomography/pan-scan in trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Fathi Mobina , Mirjafari Arshia , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Ghanikolahloo Milad , Sadeghi Zohre , Bahrami Ashkan , Myers Lee , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTrauma is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. It is crucial to diagnose trauma patients quickly to provide effective treatment interventions in such conditions. Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT)/pan-scan is an imaging technique that enables a faster and more efficient diagnosis for polytrauma patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of WBCT in diagnosing injuries in polytrauma patients. We will also assess its impact on the mortality rate and length of hospital stay among trauma centers between patients who underwent WBCT and those who did not (non-WBCT). Twenty-seven studies meeting our inclusion criteria were selected among PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The criteria were centered on the significance of WBCT/pan-scan application in trauma patients. Stata version 15 was used to perform statistical analysis on the data. The authors have also used I2 statistics to evaluate heterogeneity. Egger and Begg’s tests were performed to rule out any publication bias. Total of twenty-seven studies including 68,838 trauma patients with a mean age of 45.0 ± 24.7 years were selected. Motor vehicle collisions were the most common cause of blunt injuries (80.0%). Head, neck, and face injuries were diagnosed in 44% (95% CI, 0.28–0.60; I2 = 99.8%), 6% (95% CI, 0.02–0.09; I2 = 97.2%), and 9% (95% CI, 0.05–0.13; I2 = 97.1%), respectively. Chest injuries were diagnosed by WBCT in 39% (95% CI, 0.28–0.51; I2 = 99.8%), abdominal injuries in 23% (95% CI, 0.03–0.43; I2 = 99.9%) of cases, spinal injuries 19% (95% CI, 0.11–0.27; I2 = 99.4%), extremity injuries 33% (95% CI, 0.23–0.43; I2 = 99.2%), and pelvic injuries 11% (95% CI, 0.04–0.18; I2 = 97.4%). A mortality odd ratio of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.83–1.06; I2 = 40.1%) was calculated while comparing WBCT and non-WBCT groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide insight into the possible safety, efficacy, and efficiency of WBCT/pan-scan as a diagnostic tool for trauma patients with serious injuries, regardless of their hemodynamic status. In patients with serious injuries from trauma, whether or not there are indicators of hemodynamic instability, our recommended approach is to, wherever possible, perform a WBCT without stopping the hemostatic resuscitation. By using this technology, the optimal surgical strategy for these patients can be decided upon without causing any delays in their final care or greatly raising their radiation dose.
The Wolff hull of a compact holomorphic self-map on an infinite dimensional ball
Authors: Mackey M. , Mellon P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor large classes of (finite and) infinite dimensional complex Banach spaces Z, B its open unit ball and $$f:B\rightarrow B$$

f
:
B
→
B

a compact holomorphic fixed-point free map, we introduce and define the Wolff hull, W(f), of f in $$\partial B$$

∂
B

and prove that W(f) is proximal to the images of all subsequential limits of the sequences of iterates $$(f^n)_n$$

(

f
n

)

n

of f. The Wolff hull generalises the concept of a Wolff point, where such a point can no longer be uniquely determined, and coincides with the Wolff point if Z is a Hilbert space. Recall that $$(f^n)_n$$

(

f
n

)

n

does not generally converge even in finite dimensions, compactness of f (i.e. f(B) is relatively compact) is necessary for convergence in the infinite dimensional Hilbert ball and all accumulation points $$\Gamma (f)$$

Γ
(
f
)

of $$(f^n)_n$$

(

f
n

)

n

map B into $$\partial B$$

∂
B

(for any topology finer than the topology of pointwise convergence on B). The target set of f is $$\begin{aligned} T(f)=\bigcup _{g \in \Gamma (f)} g(B). \end{aligned}$$

T

(
f
)

=

⋃

g
∈
Γ
(
f
)

g

(
B
)

.

To locate T(f), we use a concept of closed convex holomorphic hull, $${\text {Ch}}(x) \subset \partial B$$

Ch
(
x
)
⊂
∂
B

for each $$x \in \partial B$$

x
∈
∂
B

and define a distinguished Wolff hull W(f). We show that the Wolff hull intersects all hulls from T(f), namely $$\begin{aligned} W(f) \cap {\text {Ch}}(x)\ne \emptyset \ \ \hbox {for all}\ \ x \in T(f). \end{aligned}$$

W
(
f
)
∩
Ch
(
x
)
≠
∅

for all

x
∈
T
(
f
)
.

If B is the Hilbert ball, W(f) is the Wolff point, and this is the usual Denjoy–Wolff result. Our results are for all reflexive Banach spaces having a homogeneous ball (or equivalently, for all finite rank $$JB^*$$

J

B
∗

-triples). These include many well-known operator spaces, for example, L(H, K), where either H or K is finite dimensional.
A new Bayesian discrepancy measure
Authors: Bertolino Francesco , Manca Mara , Musio Monica , Racugno Walter , Ventura Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this article is to make a contribution to the Bayesian procedure of testing precise hypotheses for parametric models. For this purpose, we define the Bayesian Discrepancy Measure that allows one to evaluate the suitability of a given hypothesis with respect to the available information (prior law and data). To summarise this information, the posterior median is employed, allowing a simple assessment of the discrepancy with a fixed hypothesis. The Bayesian Discrepancy Measure assesses the compatibility of a single hypothesis with the observed data, as opposed to the more common comparative approach where a hypothesis is rejected in favour of a competing hypothesis. The proposed measure of evidence has properties of consistency and invariance. After presenting the definition of the measure for a parameter of interest, both in the absence and in the presence of nuisance parameters, we illustrate some examples showing its conceptual and interpretative simplicity. Finally, we compare a test procedure based on the Bayesian Discrepancy Measure, with the Full Bayesian Significance Test, a well-known Bayesian testing procedure for sharp hypotheses.