bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity and Degree of nilpotency
Authors: LINH CAO HUY 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we show that the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of the associated graded module with respect to anm-primary idealIis effectively bounded by the degree of nilpotency ofI. From this it follows that there are only a finite number of Hilbert-Samuel functions for ideals with fixed degree of nilpotency.
Antarctic Marine Living Resources – exploitation and its management in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Kock Karl-Hermann 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMan's activities have impacted on the Southern Ocean ecosystem for more than 200 years. The exploitation of Southern Ocean resources has followed the same pattern as in other parts of the World Ocean with exploitation starting at the highest trophic levels when seals and whales were taken in the 19th and 20th centuries. After serious over-exploitation of these groups attention moved down the food web to begin exploitation of fish and krill from the late 1960s onwards. The establishment of international management regimes for whales (International Whaling Convention) in 1948 and the remaining marine resources (Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) in 1982 were based on different perceptions of management, the former only considering management by species whilst the latter adopted management at an ecosystem level. These fundamentally different approaches, together with major political interference, have resulted in very different outcomes for management. The Scientific Committee of the IWC developed a sustainable management system, the Revised Management Procedure, in the first half of the 1990s which, however, is still awaiting inclusion into an overall management regime, the Revised Management Scheme, and its acceptance by the Commission. The IWC is now paralysed by political agendas that have nothing to do with scientific management. In contrast, after an early period of slow progress, CCAMLR has improved its performance substantially from the beginning of the 1990s onwards and is now hailed worldwide for its ecosystem approach to sustainable management.
Validation of a diet history questionnaire for use with Costa Rican adults
Authors: Chinnock Anne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a diet history questionnaire (DHQ) using a weighed food record (WFR) as the standard method in the estimation of food consumption and nutrient intake in a group of adults.DesignWFR: all foods consumed by subjects during 7 consecutive days were weighed and recorded by nutrition students. Two DHQ interviews were carried out on days 1 (first diet history questionnaire, DHQ1) and 28 (second diet history questionnaire, DHQ2).SettingCosta Rica.SubjectsSixty adults: 30 men and 30 women; 30 living in urban and 30 in rural areas.ResultsIn comparison to the WFR, the DHQ1 gave statistically significant higher estimates of the mean intake of 19 nutrients for men and of three nutrients for women. The uncorrected correlation coefficients for nutrient intake according to both methods ranged from 0.40 to 0.83 for males and from 0.22 to 0.62 for females. Percentage of subjects classified in the same quartiles of nutrient intake according to each method ranged from 33.3% to 63.3% for males and from 23.3% to 53.3% for females. Misclassification in extreme quartiles ranged from 0% to 13.3% for both sexes. The mean food group consumption, according to the DHQ1, when compared with the WFR, gave statistically significant differences for three of the 18 food groups for men and for two groups in the case of women. The two applications of the DHQ gave similar results.ConclusionValidation of a DHQ using a WFR as the standard method gave results that compare favourably with those reported by other authors. This study found important differences in the response of men and women to the DHQ: among men, the estimates of mean nutrient intake from DHQ1 were significantly greater than those of the WFR, while in the case of women, the mean nutrient intake estimates from both methods were not significantly different. There was a higher degree of correlation between the DHQ1 and the WFR mean nutrient intakes among men than among women. The DHQ showed good reproducibility.
Dietary behaviour of Tehranian adolescents does not accord with their nutritional knowledge
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Azadbakht Leila , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the nutritional behaviour of Tehranian adolescents.Subjects and methodsThis study was undertaken on 7669 adolescents (4070 boys and 3599 girls) of 22 junior high schools and high schools as a representative sample of Tehranian adolescents. A validated knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used. Factor analysis was used to determine the key questions.ResultsThe mean ( ± standard deviation) age and body mass index of the adolescents was 14 ± 1 years and 27.2 ± 11 kg m− 2. Although 82% of girls and 75% of boys had good nutritional knowledge, only 25% of boys and 15% of girls had good nutritional practice. Eighty-five per cent of adolescents knew that drinking too many soft beverages resulted in overweight or obesity, but only 4.5% of them did not drink soft beverages. Although 89% of adolescents knew that crisps and corn balls are not healthy snacks, 45% of them used such snacks during their break time. Thirty-seven per cent of adolescents preferred whole-grain biscuits to creamy wafer ones but only 10% of adolescents used whole-grain biscuits as a snack. The most frequently consumed snacks among Tehranian adolescents were sausage sandwiches, cocoa cola, crisps and corn balls, creamy wafers, cakes, chocolate and toffee.ConclusionA low percentage of Tehranian adolescents have good nutritional behaviour and in most of them their nutritional practice does not accord with their nutritional knowledge. These results indicate the necessity of nutritional intervention in Tehranian adolescents.
Improving precision of type analysis using non-discriminative union
Authors: LU LUNJIN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new type analysis for logic programs. The analysis is performed witha prioritype definitions; and type expressions are formed from a fixed alphabet of type constructors. Non-discriminative union is used to join type information from different sources without loss of precision. An operation that is performed repeatedly during an analysis is to detect if a fixpoint has been reached. This is reduced to checking the emptiness of types. Due to the use of non-discriminative union, the fundamental problem of checking the emptiness of types is more complex in the proposed type analysis than in other type analyses witha prioritype definitions. The experimental results, however, show that use of tabling reduces the effect to a small fraction of analysis time on a set of benchmarks.
Self-assembly in the carboxysome: a viral capsid-like protein shell in bacterial cells
Authors: Yeates T.O. , Tsai Y. , Tanaka S. , Sawaya M.R. , Kerfeld C.A. 
Published: May 2007

Many proteins self-assemble to form large supramolecular complexes. Numerous examples of these structures have been characterized, ranging from spherical viruses to tubular protein assemblies. Some new kinds of supramolecular structures are just coming to light, while it is likely there are others that have not yet been discovered. The carboxysome is a subcellular structure that has been known for more than 40 years, but whose structural and functional details are just now emerging. This giant polyhedral body is constructed as a closed shell assembled from several thousand protein subunits. Within this protein shell, the carboxysome encapsulates the CO2-fixing enzymes, Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and carbonic anhydrase; this arrangement enhances the efficiency of cellular CO2 fixation. The carboxysome is present in many photosynthetic and chemoautotrophic bacteria, and so plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. It also serves as the prototypical member of what appears to be a large class of primitive protein-based organelles in bacteria. A series of crystal structures is beginning to reveal the secrets of how the carboxysome is assembled and how it enhances the efficiency of CO2 fixation. Some of the assembly principles revealed in the carboxysome are reminiscent of those seen in icosahedral viral capsids. In addition, the shell appears to be perforated by pores for metabolite transport into and out of the carboxysome, suggesting comparisons to the pores through oligomeric transmembrane proteins, which serve to transport small molecules across the membrane bilayers of cells and eukaryotic organelles.
Feasibility study of using fetal DNA in maternal plasma for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis
Authors: LIU FU‐MIN , WANG XIU‐YING , FENG XIA , WANG WEN , YE YUE‐XIAN , CHEN HONG 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. The discovery of the presence of fetal genetic material in maternal blood has opened up a new approach to prenatal diagnosis. One approach that has been extensively investigated over the past few decades is the isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood (Herzenberg et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979;76:1453–5; Bianchi et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87:3279–83; Cha et al. Prenat Diagn. 2005;25:586–91). As the fetal cells are scarce and the enrichment is of low efficiency, the technique could not be implemented in clinics. In 1997, Lo et al. (Lancet 1997;350(9076):485–7) discovered that cell‐free fetal DNA is present in the plasma and serum of pregnant women. This discovery suggests that maternal plasma/serum DNA may be a useful source of material for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis. The objective of our study was to investigate the feasibility of using fetal DNA in maternal plasma for prenatal diagnosis. Methods. Plasma DNA in 277 blood samples of 40 pregnant women at the gestational period from 5 to 40 weeks and 24 h after delivery were extracted by column separation. FQ‐PCR was used to amplify the SRY sequence in 237 plasma samples of 30 pregnant women. Fluorescent PCR was used to amplify 9 short tandem repeat loci simultaneously in 40 plasma samples of 10 pregnant women, and genomic DNA samples from their husbands were amplified by the same method. Results. The fetal SRY sequence could be detected from the 7th week of gestation, with a concentration that increased with progressing gestational age, attaining its highest peak before delivery. Twenty‐four hours after delivery, fetal SRY sequence could not be detected in the maternal plasma. The concordance rate of the SRY sequence amplification results of plasma‐free DNA, with real fetal gender was 100%. Analysis of maternal plasma samples collected during pregnancy revealed the presence of paternally inherited fetal‐specific alleles. Among the 30 collected plasma samples, fetal‐specific alleles were detected in 23 plasma DNA samples. The rate of positive results was 76% (23/30), and the frequency of positive results was 6/10 in early pregnancy, 8/10 in middle pregnancy, and 9/10 in late pregnancy. Short tandem repeats could not be detected from the maternal plasma 24 h after delivery. Conclusion. Fluorescent PCR can be used for amplification of fetal SRY sequence and STRs in maternal plasma to obtain fetal genetic information, which may have implications for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of certain hereditary diseases.
Upright position during the first stage of labor: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: MIQUELUTTI MARIA AMELIA , CECATTI JOSE GUILHERME , MAKUCH MARIA YOLANDA 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. Evaluation of the upright position during the first stage of labor on pain, patient satisfaction, obstetrical and perinatal outcomes in nullipara women. Methods. This prospective, randomised, controlled trial included a group of 54 women who were informed and encouraged to adopt the upright position, and a control group of 53 women who were not given this information. The difference between groups was evaluated using the χ2, Wilcoxon and Fisher's Exact tests. Significance was defined as p<0.05. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in baseline characteristics, obstetrical and perinatal outcomes; however, there was a preference among women in both groups for the upright position. Conclusions. The upright position during the first stage of labor did not contribute towards a shorter duration of labor; however, it proved to be a safe and well‐accepted option for the women of this study.
An exploratory, descriptive study of women's experiences of hospital admission during pre‐term labor
Authors: BARLOW JULIE H , HAINSWORTH JENNY M , THORNTON STEVEN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. Rarely have women's experiences of admission to hospital during pre‐term labor (PTL) been described from their own perspective. This study aimed to address this issue using qualitative methods. Methods. The views of 8 women admitted to hospital with PTL were obtained through semi‐structured interviews. Issues explored included understanding of their condition, expectations concerning delivery, and their views about hospital admission. Results. A key aspect of women's experiences concerned their search for meaning to help them make sense of their sudden and unexpected hospital admission. Several women continued to feel anxious despite assurances from staff that everything was ‘OK’, whereas others had overcome initial anxiety and were excited about the imminent birth. There was consensus that the information received whilst in hospital was inconsistent, and some women believed that their concerns were being ‘ignored’. Some women attributed PTL to daily stress, such as working long hours. Social support from women's mothers and other patients appeared important. Several women had been ambivalent about their pregnancy in the early stages, but were now in a place of acceptance. Two women reported previous childbirth experiences that were viewed as distressing. PTL had motivated some women to re‐evaluate their lifestyle. Conclusions. Women admitted to hospital in PTL could be assisted in their search for meaning by provision of consistent information, having their views acknowledged, satisfactory social support, and dealing with any previous history of perceived traumatic birth experiences.
Pregnancy‐related deaths due to pulmonary embolism in Sweden
Authors: SAMUELSSON EVA , HELLGREN MARGARETA , HÖGBERG ULF 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. The objective of this study was to report deaths from amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) and pregnancy‐related venous thromboembolism (VTE), to study contributing factors, and to analyse mortality trends. Methods. Using the Swedish Cause of Death Register (CDR), we identified all women aged 15–44, who died during 1990–1999, with VTE or AFE coded as the underlying or contributory cause of death. We scrutinised medical records, and women who had died during pregnancy or within 6 weeks of terminated pregnancy were included. We also used data from the Medical Birth Register (MBR) on incident and fatal cases. Mortality data from the 1970s and 1980s were based on previous studies, in which cases were identified through register linkage (CDR and MBR). Results. Five women died of AFE and 10 of VTE – 6 in early pregnancy – during the 1990s. Five of the cases were not registered as maternal deaths. Only 4 cases were reported as pregnancy‐related deaths from pulmonary embolism (PE). Cesarean section/surgery without thromboprophylaxis, overweight, severe intercurrent disease, delays in seeking health care, and verbal miscommunication were contributing factors in the VTE cases. VTE mortality rates (pregnancy >28 weeks and/or a registered birth) were 1.0 (0.5–1.8), 0.8 (0.3–1.6), and 0.4 (0.1–1.0) per 100,000 live births during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, respectively; the corresponding respective figures for AFE were 1.0 (0.5–1.8), 1.1 (0.6–2.1), and 0.5 (0.2–1.1) per 100,000 live births. The case fatality rate for VTE decreased from 4.5% in the 1970s, to 0.6% in the 1990s, paralleled with quadrupled incidence. The case fatality rate for AFE was unaltered and high, around 45%, during those 3 decades. Conclusions. Mortality from pregnancy‐related PE in Sweden is in the lowest range ever reported, and shows a downward trend during the 1990s, with a shift towards early pregnancy. In order to monitor mortality trends, death certificate quality must improve, and registers must be linked routinely.
Abnormal fetal growth is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus later in life: population‐based register study
Authors: CLAESSON RICHARD , ÅBERG ANDERS , MARŠÁL KAREL 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. Increasing evidence has been collected that intrauterine growth restriction is associated with development of type‐2 diabetes mellitus in adult life. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that abnormal intrauterine growth of female fetuses correlates with their future risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. Population‐based register study of the data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry; perinatal data from 1973 to 1983 were linked with the diagnosis of GDM during 1987–2001. 421 women with GDM diagnosis were compared to 60,890 controls with regard to maternal age and parity, maternal education (data from the Education Register of Statistics Sweden), maternal diagnosis of diabetes, gestational duration, birth weight, and gestational age‐related birth weight. Results. There was a significant association between low (odds ratio (OR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–3.50), as well as high (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.12–3.45) birth weight and later development of GDM. There was a U‐shaped relation between the gestational age‐related birth weight and risk of developing GDM. A young mother and prematurity increased the risk of the offspring developing GDM. Nine of the 421 women (2.1%) with GDM were born to mothers who had a diagnosis of diabetes. The corresponding figures for the controls were 205 of 60,890 (0.3%). Conclusion. Intrauterine conditions and/or genetic disposition, which affect prenatal growth, increase the future risk of the female fetus developing GDM.
Is there a correlation between tumor marker panel and tumor size and histopathology in well staged patients with borderline ovarian tumors?
Authors: AYHAN ALI , GUVEN SULEYMAN , GUVENDAG GUVEN EMINE SEDA , KUCUKALI TURKAN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAims. To investigate whether there is a correlation between serum tumor markers panel (CA 125, CA 19‐9, CA 15‐3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)) and tumor size and histopathology in well staged patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). Methods. Four tumor markers (CA 125, CA 19‐9, CA 15‐3, and CEA) were analysed clinically in 60 well staged patients with borderline ovarian tumor, for this retrospective observational study. Results. Most patients had serous histology and early stage disease, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 40.70 years (range: 19–73). Twenty‐nine patients (48.3%) had high CA 125 levels (>35 U/l), 15 patients (25%) had high levels of CEA (>4 ng/ml), 12 patients (20%) had high levels of CA 19‐9 (>37 U/ml), and 9 patients (15%) had high levels of CA 15‐3 (>30 ng/ml) at the time of initial surgery. The positive rate of CA 125, CA 19‐9, CA 15‐3, and CEA in serous tumor were 57.9, 7.9, 7.9 and 15.8%, respectively. These figures were 31.8, 40.9, 27.3 and 40.9% in mucinous tumor. The positive rate of CA 125 in the serous group was statistically significantly higher than that in the mucinous group, while the positive rates for CA 19‐9 and CEA in mucinous histology was significantly higher than those in serous tumors. In case of grouping the tumor size as <4, 4.1‐10 and >10 cm, the mean serum levels of tumor markers had significantly increased by increasing tumor size (p<0.05 for CA 125, and CA 19‐9, p>0.05 for CA 15‐3, and CEA). Conclusion. The high levels of tumor markers, especially for CA 125 and CA 19‐9, may indicate the larger tumor size. The elevation of serum CA 125 may suggest serous tumors, while the high level of serum CA 19‐9 and CEA may indicate mucinous BOTs.
Ultrasound screening for fetal major abnormalities at 11–14 weeks
Authors: DANE BANU , DANE CEM , SIVRI DERYA , KIRAY MURAT , CETIN AHMET , YAYLA MURAT 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. This study was planned to evaluate the efficiency of the 11–14 week scan in detecting fetuses with major fetal structural abnormalities. Methods. Some 1,290 pregnant women were submitted to a routine ultrasound scan between the 11th and 14th week after the detection of the fetal viability. The fetal anatomy was examined transabdominally, and in suspected cases transvaginally. Following the scans, the patients were examined in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Fetal structural abnormalities classified as major and early onset were noted. Isolated choroid plexus cysts, cardiac defects not requiring treatment, mild ventriculomegaly, and mild renal pelviectasis in second trimester were not included. Results. Twenty‐four (1.86%) fetuses with various defects were identified, and 17 of these were diagnosed at the 11–14 week scan. The antenatal ultrasound detection rate of the fetuses with major anomalies was 95%, and 70% were detected in the first‐trimester assessment. Four cardiac defects associated with genetic syndromes or requiring operation were included (0.31%) in this series. Two of the fetuses with cardiac defects (50%) had an increased nuchal translucency thickness. In this group, none of the fetuses with karyotype anomalies was born alive. Conclusions. The first‐trimester scan is important in routine antenatal care for early detection of fetal defects, and determination of the fetuses at risk of cardiac anomalies and genetic syndromes.
Loop electrosurgical excision of the cervix and the subsequent risk of preterm delivery
Authors: NØHR BUGGE , TABOR ANN , FREDERIKSEN KIRSTEN , KRÜGER KJÆR SUSANNE 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives. To investigate the association between loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and other potential risk factors, and subsequent preterm delivery (<37 weeks), using data from a large cohort study of Danish women. Methods. The Danish prospective cohort study was initiated in 1991, with the original aim of investigating the role of human papillomavirus in the natural history of cervical neoplasia. The study included 11,088 women aged 20–29. The cohort was invited for 2 follow‐up examinations in 1993–1995 and 1999–2000, respectively. At all 3 examinations, the women answered questions about a number of different lifestyle variables. We assessed the relationship between preterm delivery and potential risk factors, such as previous LEEP treatments, smoking during pregnancy, age, parity and previous preterm delivery. The cohort was followed until 2004, through linkages with the nationwide Pathology Data Bank and the Medical Birth Registry. Results. Of the 14,982 deliveries in the cohort during follow up, 542 were preterm (21–37 weeks). Among deliveries with no previous LEEP, 3.5% ended as a preterm delivery, whereas this applied to 6.6% among deliveries following a LEEP, yielding a significantly increased risk of preterm birth after LEEP (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–2.9). The strongest risk factor for preterm delivery was a previous preterm delivery (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.7). Other significant risk factors were smoking during pregnancy and low educational status. Conclusion. Our study showed an almost 2‐fold increase in the risk of preterm delivery after LEEP treatment. Thus, women in their reproductive age should be informed about the increased risk of preterm delivery, if treated with LEEP.