bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantation of Penile Prosthesis in Cases of Corporeal Fibrosis: Modified Shaeer's Excavation Technique
Authors: Shaeer Osama 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Implantation of penile prosthesis in case of corporeal fibrosis poses a greater risk of complications because of the blinded aggression involved. Penoscopic excavation and ultrasonography-guided excavation can decrease these complications but still have limitations.

Aim
This work described the combination of penoscopy-guided and ultrasound-guided excavation in a trial to eliminate the limitations inherent to both.

Methods
Twelve patients with penile fibrosis were operated upon. A guide wire was inserted under ultrasound monitoring, along which penoscopic corporotomy and resection was performed. Ultrasound was also used to monitor penoscopic excavation toward the tip of the corpus cavernosum and crus.

Main Outcome Measures
Ease of the procedure, safety, extent of dilatation, and girth of prosthesis implanted.

Results
The procedure was relatively easy. Ten cases were dilated up to size 13.5 Hegar, and two up to size 14. Size 13 prosthesis was implanted in all cases.

Conclusion
The relative safety of the procedure, the low incidence of complications, the possibility of restoring length and girth to an extent, and the resultant generous dilatation of the corpora for accommodating a sizable unhindered inflatable penile prosthesis all make ultrasound-guided penoscopic corporotomy and resection a valid option for prosthesis implantation in cases of penile fibrosis.
Shaeer's Corporal Rotation for Length-Preserving Correction of Penile Curvature: Modifications and 3-Year Experience
Authors: Shaeer Osama 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Correction of penile curvature by corporal rotation enabled the correction of 90 degrees ventral curvature with neither shortening nor erectile dysfunction. However, some limitations were described, and only one case was reported upon.

Aim
This work described a 3-year experience with corporeal rotation, the modifications addressing and eliminating its drawbacks and limitations, as well as the long-term follow-up of 22 patients.

Methods
Modified corporeal rotation was performed in 22 patients with various degrees of curvature. Degree of deviation, erect penile length, symmetry, and erectile function were evaluated and compared pre- and postoperatively.

Main Outcome Measures
Correction of curvature, resultant sexual function, penile length, and girth.

Results
Full correction of curvature was achieved in 20 out of 22 patients, with no shortening, asymmetry, or erectile dysfunction. Residual curvature in two patients was no more than 10 degrees.

Conclusions
Corporal rotation can restore straightness to the penis with no loss in phallic length, asymmetry, or erectile dysfunction. While a variety of surgical techniques are feasible for the correction of milder degrees of curvature, we believe that severe degrees should be spared the shortening and corrected by corporeal rotation.
The Endocrinology of the Reproductive Years
Authors: Randolph Jr John F. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The relationship between reproductive physiology and reproductive behavior, a central theme in Professor Lorraine Dennerstein's career, is complex but presumably serves to optimize human reproduction.

Aim
To review the endocrinology of the reproductive years and significant work by Professor Dennerstein relating that endocrinology with reproductive behavior.

Methods/Main Outcome Measures
Published works of reproductive endocrinology by Professor Dennerstein.

Results
An exquisitely controlled signaling loop between the ovaries and the hypothalamus and pituitary in the brain represents the overlay of a dynamic neuroendocrine system on a responsive but ultimately decaying gonadal system. The most visible hallmark of this elegant interplay is the menstrual cycle, with coordinated hormone patterns directing the maturation and release of oocytes, and either supporting an early pregnancy or resetting the system for the next cycle. The recognition that these hormone patterns, or their perturbation, are related to psychosocial behaviors is reflected in Professor Dennerstein's earliest writings relating sex steroids to sexual behavior and menstrual cycles to affect, leading to studies describing psychological symptoms in the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). These were followed by clinical trials of progestins for PMS with conflicting results, and an emerging interest in measuring endogenous hormones in that disorder. Her study of reproductive hormones across the menstrual cycle in women with PMS definitively refuted the theory that deficient progesterone secretion was the etiology of cyclic symptoms. Extension of that work demonstrated the cyclic pattern of sexual behavior, but the absence of a defined relationship with measured sex steroid patterns. Her interest in the effect of age on menstrual cyclicity evolved into her landmark work on the menopausal transition, the ultimate result of ovarian gamete depletion and absolute loss of spontaneous reproductive capacity.

Conclusion
Professor Dennerstein clearly demonstrated that reproductive behavior is related to reproductive physiology, and can be measured and quantified.
The preliminary experience of Belghiti's liver hanging manoeuvre in right hepatectomy with anterior approach
Authors: Kwok Shu‐Yan , Shao Chu‐Xiao , Meng William C.S. , Yip Andrew W.C. 
Published: October 2008

Aim:  To summarize the experience of Belghiti's liver hanging manoeuvre in right hepatectomy.Methods:  Nine cases of right hepatectomy were performed with Belghiti's liver hanging manoeuvre from June 2002 to May 2005. They included seven cases of large hepatocellular carcinoma located in the right liver lobe with diameters from 8 to 12 cm (two have encroached diaphragm and lateral peritoneum) and two cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis with hepatolithiasis fully packed in the right liver lobe. The key step of this manoeuvre was to develop a retrohepatic tunnel between the anterior surface of the inferior vena cava and the liver parenchyma. A tape was then passed though the tunnel and the liver was resected under tape suspension.Results:  The retrohepatic tunnel was established and the suspending tape was passed though the tunnel successfully in all cases. The mean time for this procedure was 21 min. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 380 mL. The middle hepatic veins were protected from damage in eight cases. There were no operative deaths or morbidity, except one case that developed postoperative bile leakage, which was cured by drainage.Conclusion:  Belghiti's liver hanging manoeuvre is a preferred surgical method for right hepatectomy, with its reliable anatomic background and satisfactory primary clinical results.
THE PREVALENCE OF E. COLI O157/O157:H7, L. MONOCYTOGENES AND SALMONELLA SPP. ON BOVINE CARCASSES IN TURKEY
Authors: AKKAYA L. , CETINKAYA Z. , ALISARLI M. , TELLI R. , GÖK V. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli, O157, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. are important foodborne pathogens, that some studies have demonstrated that cattle are a major reservoir of these pathogens. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of E. coli O157/O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on slaughtered bovine carcasses. In this study, five abattoirs in Afyonkarahisar were visited between March and August in 2005 in the center of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. A total of 250 bovine carcasses were sampled by surface swabbing the carcasses at four points. The presence of E. coli O157/O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in the samples collected from 250 cattle was determined with the application of the immunomagnetic separation method. Overall, the prevalence of E. coli O157/O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. was 3.2, 0.8, 6.8 and 10%, respectively. Our results demonstrated that bovine carcasses can also be a source for E. coli O157/O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. infections for humans. The widespread occurrence of these pathogens in slaughterhouses reinforces the need for the implementation of effective control measures.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study indicates that relatively high values, particularly Salmonella spp., and widespread occurrence of these pathogens in bovine carcasses require the need for the implementation of effective public health measures.
An Imminent Human Resource Crisis in Ground Water Hydrology?
Authors: Stephens Daniel B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAnecdotal evidence, mostly from the United States, suggests that it has become increasingly difficult to find well‐trained, entry‐level ground water hydrologists to fill open positions in consulting firms and regulatory agencies. The future prospects for filling positions that require training in ground water hydrology are assessed by considering three factors: the market, the numbers of qualified students entering colleges and universities, and the aging of the existing workforce. The environmental and water resources consulting industry has seen continuous albeit variable growth, and demand for environmental scientists and hydrologists is expected to increase significantly. Conversely, students’ interest and their enrollment in hydrology and water resources programs have waned in recent years, and the interests of students within these departments have shifted away from ground water hydrology in some schools. This decrease in the numbers of U.S. students graduating in hydrology or emphasizing ground water hydrology is coinciding with the aging of and pending retirement of ground water scientists and engineers in the baby boomer generation. We need to both trigger the imagination of students at the elementary school level so that they later want to apply science and math and communicate the career opportunities in ground water hydrology to those high school and college graduates who have acquired the appropriate technical background. Because the success of a consulting firm, research organization, or regulatory agency is derived from the skills and judgment of the employees, human resources will be an increasingly more critical strategic issue for many years.
Does limb angular motion raise limb arterial pressure?
Authors: Sheriff D. D. , Mullin T. M. , Wong B. J. , Ladouceur M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim:  Mechanical factors such as the muscle pump have been proposed to augment flow by several mechanisms. The potential for limb angular motion to augment local perfusion pressure (pressure = ½ρr2ω2, where ρ is the fluid density, r the radius and ω the angular velocity) has been overlooked. We sought to test the hypothesis that limb angular motion augments limb arterial pressure.Methods:  Nine human subjects performed horizontal shoulder flexion (∼±90° at 0.75 Hz for 30 s). We measured finger arterial pressure (photoplethysmography) in the moving (Trial 1) and non‐moving arm (Trial 2) in separate trials along with the pressure (strain gauge) generated at the fingers within a length of water‐filled tubing mounted on the moving arm in both trials.Results:  Arm swinging raised (P < 0.05) the mean pressure measured in the tubing by 11 ± 2 and 14 ± 2 mmHg (Trials 1 and 2 respectively). In response to exercise, the rise in mean finger arterial pressure in the swinging limb (18 ± 3 mmHg, Trial 1) exceeded (P < 0.05) the rise in the resting limb (8 ± 2 mmHg, Trial 2) by an amount similar to the 11 mmHg rise in pressure generated in the tubing in Trial 1.Conclusions:  We conclude that the swinging of a limb creates centrifugal force (a biomechanical centrifuge) which imparts additional pressure to the arteries, but not the veins owing to the venous valves, which further widens the arterial–venous pressure difference.
Blue and fin whale acoustic presence around Antarctica during 2003 and 2004
Authors: Širović Ana , Hildebrand John A. , Wiggins Sean M. , Thiele Deborah 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeasonal and spatial variations of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whale (B. physalus) calls were analyzed from recordings collected with Acoustic Recording Packages (ARPs) deployed between January 2003 and July 2004 at four circumpolar locations: the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), the Scotia Sea (SS), Eastern Antarctica (EA), and the Ross Sea (RS). Call characteristics were compared among sites using the average pressure spectrum levels from 1 month of data at each location. Presence of calls was analyzed using automatic call detection and acoustic power analysis methods. Blue whale calls were recorded year‐round, with the highest detections in February–May and November. This suggests that the blue whale population may not migrate synchronously, and may indicate long duration calls are more common during migrations. Fin whale calls were detected only during February–July. Two distinct fin whale call types were recorded, suggesting a possible separation into two populations. The calls at the EA site had a secondary frequency peak in the pressure spectrum at 99 Hz and the calls at the WAP and the SS sites had a peak at 89 Hz. No fin whale calls were detected at the RS site. Acoustics are a good tool to monitor large whales in the Southern Ocean.
Health reform in Alberta: The introduction of health regions
Authors: Church John , Smith Neale 
Published: October 2008

Abstract: In 1994, the Government of Alberta passed the Regional Health Authorities Act to abolish nearly 200 existing local hospital and public health boards and replace them with seventeen regional health authorities. Consistent with the larger fiscal agenda, the government's intention was to address health‐care system efficiency through larger integrated management and governance structures. In this article, the authors examine why Alberta decided to create regional health authorities for the management and delivery of a significant range of health services. In examining the interaction of ideas, interests and institutions, the authors conclude that the government was partially successful in aligning existing institutional and interest relationships with an emerging political consensus about cost and sustainability of the health‐care system.Sommaire: En 1994, le gouvernement de l'Alberta a adopté la loi intitulée Regional Health Authorities Act (Loi sur les offices régionaux de santé) en vue d'abolir près de 200 commissions hospitalières et commissions de santé publique locales et de les remplacer par dix‐sept offices régionaux de la santé. Conformément au programme fiscal plus large, l'intention du gouvernement était d'examiner l'efficience du système des soins de santé grâce à des structures intégrées de gestion et de gouvernance plus vastes. Dans le présent article, les auteurs examinent les raisons pour lesquelles l'Alberta a décidé de créer des offices régionaux de la santé pour la gestion et la prestation d'une gamme importante de services de santé. Après avoir étudié les interactions d'idées, d'intérêts et d'institutions, les auteurs ont conclu que le gouvernement avait partiellement réussi à aligner les relations institutionnelles et les relations d'intérêts existantes sur un consensus politique émergent au sujet des coûts et de la viabilité du système de soins de santé.
The politics of governance: Government—voluntary sector relationships
Authors: Tsasis Peter 
Published: October 2008

Abstract: This article examines the dynamics at play as national non‐government AIDS organizations engage in shared governance with Health Canada, where the allocation of power between them is disproportionate and periodically, where their perspectives are at odds. This study takes a qualitative approach in identifying some of the relations, discourses and institutional processes that shape the informants' experiences. Findings reveal how power disparities are managed in order to affect the distribution of resources and ultimately the governance process.Sommaire : Cet article examine les dynamiques en jeu lorsque les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) nationales de lutte contre le SIDA participent à une gouvernance partagée avec Santé Canada, alors que la distribution de pouvoir entre ces parties est disproportionnée et que périodiquement leurs points de vue sont opposés. Cette étude adopte une approche qualitative pour identifier un certain nombre de relations, de discours et de processus institutionnels qui influencent les expériences des sujets interrogés. Les conclusions révèlent comment les disparités de pouvoir sont gérées afin d'avoir une incidence sur la distribution des ressources et, en bout de ligne, sur le processus de gouvernance.
Aboriginal policy reform and the subsidiarity principle: A case study of the division of matrimonial real property on Canadian Indian reserves
Authors: Alcantara Christopher 
Published: October 2008

Abstract: According to the Indian Act, aboriginal women in Canada do not have the same equality rights as aboriginal men living on‐reserve and non‐aboriginal women living off‐reserve. The Indian Act's provisions governing the division of matrimonial real property on Canadian Indian reserves have dispossessed many aboriginal women of their property entitlements during and after separation and divorce proceedings. Despite the existence of this problem for the last fifty‐five years, the Indian Act has proven highly resistant to reform. A number of First Nations, however, have recently been able to address this issue by developing local matrimonial property laws through the First Nations Land Management Act, a federal piece of legislation that is separate from the Indian Act. Not only have these local laws provided solutions to a policy problem left unaddressed by the federal government, they have also given aboriginal women greater equality rights during and after divorce proceedings while respecting local preferences. This article argues that government and aboriginal policy‐makers should consider making greater use of the subsidiarity principle when engaging in reforms to the Indian Act.Sommaire: Aux termes de la Loi sur les Indiens, les femmes autochtones au Canada n'ont pas les mêmes droits à l'égalité que les hommes autochtones dans les réserves et que les femmes non autochtones hors des réserves. Les dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens régissant la division des biens immobiliers matrimoniaux sur les réserves indiennes canadiennes ont dépossédé de nombreuses femmes autochtones de leurs droits de propriété pendant et après les procédures de séparation et de divorce. Alors que ce problème existe depuis 55 ans, il se trouve que la Loi sur les Indiens a fortement résistéà la réforme. Cependant, un certain nombre de Premières nations ont réussi récemment à aborder ce problème en élaborant des lois locales sur les biens matrimoniaux par l'intermédiaire de la Loi sur la gestion des terres des premières nations, texte de loi fédéral distinct de la Loi sur les Indiens. Non seulement ces lois locales ont‐elles apporté des solutions à un problème de politique que le gouvernement fédéral n'avait pas réglé, mais elles ont également donné aux femmes autochtones de plus grands droits en matière d'égalité pendant et après les procédures de divorce tout en respectant les préférences locales. Le présent article indique que le gouvernement et les décideurs de politiques autochtones devraient envisager faire un plus grand usage du principe de subsidiarité lorsqu'ils entreprennent des réformes de la Loi sur les Indiens.
Negotiating Tactics in Low Intensity Conflicts: The Cases of Northern Ireland, the Basque Country and Corsica
Authors: Filippidou Anastasia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe article examines via the cases of Northern Ireland, the Basque country and Corsica the theories and practice of negotiating methods in long‐standing violent intrastate conflicts. Despite the uniqueness of each case depending on contextual and circumstantial parameters this article reaches general answers that contribute to establishing commonalities vis‐à‐vis conflict resolution and the effectiveness of certain peace processes and the failure of others. In general, the three case studies show that policies designed to accommodate fuller recognition and rights to an ethnic community have been more successful in preventing or diminishing polarisation and violent conflict than rigid policies. For a long lasting solution the parties involved would have to redefine their relationship in a way that either they could realise their goals without violent conflict or in a way that their goals would no longer conflict.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the woody shrub, Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia (Proteaceae)
Authors: NISTELBERGER H. M. , LLORENS T. M. , BYRNE M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMicrosatellite markers were developed for the Australian bird‐pollinated woody shrub Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia to study gene flow among populations in a highly fragmented landscape. Eight loci were developed, and in a sample of 40 individuals from one population, the number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 21 and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.385 to 0.914. All eight loci showed independent inheritance. Analysis of open‐pollinated progeny arrays confirmed Mendelian inheritance at seven loci, while null alleles were suspected at the remaining locus.
Microsatellite markers for the Indian golden silkmoth, Antheraea assama (Saturniidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: ARUNKUMAR K. P. , KIFAYATHULLAH L. , NAGARAJU J. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract Antheraea assama, an economically important and scientifically unexplored Indian wild silkmoth, is unique among saturniid moths. For this species, a total of 87 microsatellite markers was derived from 35 000 expressed sequence tags and a microsatellite‐enriched sub‐genomic library. Forty individuals collected from Tura and West Garo Hills region of Northeast India were screened for each of these loci. Ten loci from expressed sequence tags and one from genomic library were found to be polymorphic. These microsatellite markers will be useful resources for population genetic studies of A. assama and other closely related species of saturniids. This is the first report on development of microsatellite markers for any saturniid species.
Characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the facultatively eusocial sweat bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and their variability in related species
Authors: SORO ANTONELLA , PAXTON ROBERT J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSweat bees display considerable variation in social organization and a few species, such as Halictus rubicundus, are even facultatively eusocial. Fourteen polymorphic, unlinked microsatellite loci were isolated from H. rubicundus and characterized in 45 females. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 18 (mean 10.1), observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.24 to 0.98 (mean 0.71) and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.24 to 0.98 (mean 0.70). Six or more loci cross‐amplified in four other sweat bees. These loci will be useful for the study of social evolution and population genetic structure in H. rubicundus and many other sweat bees.