bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cereal Cyst Eelworm on Spring‐sown Cereals
Authors: Dixon G. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRegression analyses of the effect of cereal cyst eelworm (Heterodera avenae Woll.) on spring‐sown wheat, barley and oats in two fields during 1963 and 1964 showed that the eelworm attack had reduced the yields of all three cereals in both years. For every ten eggs of H. avenae per g of soil before cropPl.ng there was an approximate loss of 3 cwt/acre (376 kg/ha) of oats and 1·5 cwt/acre (188 kg/ha) of wheat, but only 0·6 cwt/acre (75 kg/ha) of barley. Thus the loss of oats was about twice that of wheat and five times that of barley.These results are compared with those of other workers some of whom used resistant cultivars or soil fumigants.
Experiments on the Control of Currant Clearwing Moth (Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck)) on Gooseherries
Authors: Sykes G. B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSpraying trials against the currant clearwing moth (Synanthedon tipuliformis) on gooseberries during 1962–1964 showed that an application of 0·08 per cent azinphos‐methyl soon after harvest decreased the number of dying bushes and gave an increased yield of fruit. Further trials, using the same insecticide, in 1965–1966 showed that the larval population in the treated bushes was decreased by 50–67 per cent.
Observations on the Phytotoxicity and Other Effects of Fungicides used on Black Currants
Authors: Shipton P. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYObservations on the phytotoxic eifects of the fungicides quinometh–lonate, dinocap and lime sulphur on the foliage, yield, and extension growth ot five cultivars of black currants are described.Quinomethionate was very severely phytotoxic to cvs. Seabrook's Black and Laxton's Giant, while other cultivars were affected slightly or not at all. Lime sulphur adversely affected all cultivars to some extent but dinocap was almost non‐phytotoxic.The effects of the fungicides on the incidence of leaf spot (Pseudo‐peziza ribis) are also recorded.
A Comparison of the Pathogenicity of Gloeotinia temulenta Isolates from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in Relation to their Use as Selective Agents in a Breeding Programme
Authors: Wright C. E. , Sproule T. R. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPerennial ryegrass clones of known disease reaction, ranging from resistant to very susceptible, were used as differentials to determine if the strains of Gloeotinia temulenta which, for the first time in 1965, caused severe infection in seed crops in the Netherlands were the same as those already present in the British Isles. Although mixed spores from Netherlands isolates caused slightly lower infection than mixed spores from the British Isles, the clones were ranked very similarly in infection tests when spores from both sources were used, and it is suggested that the races were probably the same. It was concluded that mixed spores from either country would be equally efficient in selecting resistant Plants for use in breeding disease‐resistant cultivars of perennial ryegrass.
Aphids and the Spread of Leaf Roll Virus in Seed Potatoes in the North Riding of Yorkshire, 1964–66
Authors: Rogerson J. P. , White J. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAphid infestation and the spread of leaf roll virus have been studied on four farms in the North Riding of Yorkshire, all of which grew seed potatoes in 1964–66 inclusive. Aphid activity, as measured by the Angle of Colonization, was low at these sites. Even with the low aphid populations normally found in seed potato crops in the area, a small influx of virus‐carrying aphids could infect more Plants than the official certification scheme tolerances allow.Considerable variation occurred in the proportion of infected Plants found in daughter stocks grown‐on the following year; reasons for this are given.
A Gall‐forming Nematode (Anguina sp.) Parasitic on Cocksfoot Grass
Authors: Southey J. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGalls due to Anguina sp. (Nematoda, Tylenchidae) occurring in samPl.es of commercial cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) seed are described and illustrated, and earlier records of Anguina on cocksfoot grass are reviewed. In a pot experiment the nematode induced galls, and reproduced in them, on basal shoots of cocksfoot Plants as well as in the inflorescences, but shoot galls were not observed in fields from which infested seed had originated. A simPl.e method is described for detecting Anguitm larvae in samPl.es of grass seed. The Anguina species from cocksfoot differs from A. agrostis (Steinbuch) Filipjev but has not yet been identified with certainty.
Further Tests with Insecticides for the Control of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on Year‐Round Chrysanthemums
Authors: Gould H. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEleven pesticides were compared for the control of a strain of Myzus persicae resistant to contact organophosphorus pesticides on year‐round chrysanthemums growing in pots.The pesticides were applied as sprays, drenches or granules. Several of the pesticides were phytotoxic in varying degrees to the cultivar Heyday.Drenches of oxydemeton‐methyl, demeton‐S‐methyl and demephion gave good results for several weeks but granules of the carbamates aldi‐carb, PP062 and C13963 were more effective and more persistent.
Effect of Paraflan Wax on Field Control of Potato Blight by Copper Oxychloride
Authors: McIntosh A. H. , Eveling D. W. , Melville S. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA formulation of copper oxychloride, containing emulsified paraffin wax, was compared with a commercial wettable powder in conventional field spraying trials for control of potato bhght (Phvtophthora infestans). Spraying with the wax formulation usually gave a significant increase in yield under conditions where the wettable powder did not. However, differences in copper residues on the foliage, and in control of blight, were slight. The wax may offset the effects of damage done to the Plants by the copper oxychloride.
Further Observations on Cyst Colour Changes in Potato Cyst Eelworm Pathotypes
Authors: Guile C. T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYObservations in 1967 and 1968 on developing cysts of potato cyst eelworm (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) indicated that the colour change sequence in pathotype B differed markedly from that of pathotypes A and E (formerly called C) in passing through a short cream and then a prolonged creamy‐yellow phase before finally turning brown. The creamy‐yellow phase was not easily distinguished from the short pale yellow of pathotype A or the short pale creamy‐yellow of pathotype E, unless individual cultures were closely examined at regular intervals. Screening tests, however, suggested that pathotype B is probably rare or even absent in the East Midlands and parts of Wales and may be ignored when examining the roots of infested commercial potatoes for pathotypes A or E, the developing cysts of which can be readily distinguished by colour differences.
Cereal Pratylenchus spp. in England and Wales, and their Recognition
Authors: Corbett D. C. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Pratylenchus spp. were the commonest plant‐parasitic nematodes found during a survey of fields growing barley or wheat in England and Wales. P. minyus occurred in all soil types, often together with P. thornei in heavy soil, and with P. crenatus and/or P.fallax in light soil. P. pinguicaudatus was found only in heavy soil in a field of wheat at Rothamsted Experimental Station. Drawings, descriptions and a key are given to enable the five species to be identified.
Virus‐like Symptoms on Cotyledons of Cucurbit Plants caused by Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Authors: Ramaswamy S. , Garrett Constance M. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn experiments to transmit viruses from fruit trees to herbaceous plants, extracts from pear petals and dormant cherry buds rubbed onto cotyledons of young cucumber and squash plants caused virus‐like necrotic local lesions. Pseudomonas syringae van Hall was isolated from these lesions and caused similar symptoms when reinoculated to cucumber and squash. Infectious squash sap was non‐infectious after passage through a bacteriological filter. These lesions caused by P. syringae are similar to some symptoms reported to be caused by virus infection.
Further Seed Dressing Trials against Wheat Bulb Fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)) in East Anglia, 1966–68
Authors: Maskell E. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA seed dressing of chlorfenvinphos, ethion or carbophenothion gave good control of wheat bulb fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Eall.)) particularly with late drilling, but was less effective with early sowings of winter wheat. The extra insurance of seed dressing against wheat bulb fly for early sowings was worth while where autumn egg numbers were high. “Dursban” (O, O‐diethy10–3, 5, 6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridyl phosphorothioate), formulated as a seed dressing, gave a good kill of larvae but was phytotoxic, particularly on a peaty loam soil.
Effect of Starting Date and Number of Sprays on Apple Scab Control
Authors: Dale W. T. , Knight B. C. , Croxall H. E. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryWhen, after adequate spraying in previous years, the level of inoculum was fairly low and there were few infection periods (in the dry seasons 1963–64), good fruit‐scab control on cv. Laxton's Superb was achieved with six protective high‐volume dodine sprays, applied fortnightly between †bud‐burst and fruitlet stage. With increasing inoculum control worsened: eight sprays from bud‐burst were needed for a satisfactory result in 1965 and nine were barely adequate in 1966, the wettest season of the four. By 1964 it already seemed that delaying the first applications until green‐cluster made spraying into July (six applications) desirable, and starting later than bud‐burst in 1965–66 gave inadequate control, even if six or seven sprays were applied.Thus, where conditions favour scab, protective spraying should always start at bud‐burst. If scab is difficult to find at fruitlet stage, spraying need not be continued beyond that stage.
Root‐lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus spp) in Britain and their Identification
Authors: Corbett D. C. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA key is given, with drawings and descriptions, to identify 10 Pratylenchus species: P. convallariae, P. crenatus, P. fallax, P. flakkensis, P. minyus, P. penetrans, P. pinguicaudatus, P. pratensis, P. thornei and P. vulnus.
A Field Inoculation Method for Septoria tritici and Septoria nodorum
Authors: Cooke B. M. , Jones D. Gareth 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA method is described, using a Czapek Dox V‐8 agar and continuous irradiation with near‐ultraviolet light, which enables large numbers of spores of Septoria tritici and Septoria nodorum to be produced rapidly and also allows easy identification of the two pathogens by their colony morphology. Also, a simple field inoculation method is described which has proved successful both in experiments involving different inoculum concentrations and for the screening of spring and winter wheat cultivars for their reactions against both pathogens.
Measurements of Infestations of Wheat Bulb Fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.), and their Relationship with Yield
Authors: Bardner R. , Maskelli F. E. , Ross G. J. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYData obtained from experiments on the chemical control of wheat bulb fly larvae were used for regression analysis. In these experimerits wheat (cv. Cappelle Desprez) was sown in November, or later, in eastem England in 1957–66. Up to 70 per cent of the variation in yield was accounted for by regressions of yield on measurements made in March of densities of Plants and of larvae, and of Plant development. The possibility of forecasting yields and of estimating yield losses is discussed.
The Abundance of Grass Aphids in Eastern England as shown hy Sticky Trap Catches
Authors: Heathcote G.D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe numbers of several species of grass aphids caught on cylindrical sticky traps at Rothamsted Experimental Station from 1942–46 and from 1951–69, and at Broom's Barn Experimental Station from 1960–69, are given. Metopolophium dirhodum was the commonest grass‐feeding aphid caught. M. dirhodum and Metopolophium festucae are attracted to yellow traps, which were used from 1946 onwards, but relatively few M. festucae were caught compared with M. dirhodum. Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum fragariae and Rhopalosiphum spp. are not strongly attracted to yellow but are impacted by the wind on sticky traps. M. avenae 2ind Metopolophium dirhodum were exceptionally abundant at Rothamsted in 1968. Macrosiphum avenae was also exceptionally abundant at Broom's Barn in 1968, but the largest catch there of Metopolophium dirhodum was in 1961.
Phleum Mottle Virus
Authors: Catherall P. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA hitherto unrecorded virus having almost spherical particles about 30 nm in diameter was isolated from Phleum pratense and P. bertolonii. It was transmitted to five other species of Phleum, Agrostis nebulosa, Apera spica‐venti and Polypogon maritimus by sap inoculation. The virus was also transmitted by two species of beetle, Lema melanopa and L. lichenis. Some beetles became infective after short feeds on infected plants; others after long feeds. The virus sometimes persisted in the beetles for several days, but sometimes only for a few hours. Several beetles were already infective when caught in the field.
The Use of Malathion to Control the White Clover Seed Weevil, Apion dichroum Bedel (Col., Curculionidae)
Authors: Freeman B. E. , Wimble R. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to investigate the control of the weevil Apion dichroum Bedel in wild white clover grown for seed using a spray of malathion. The experimental area was approximately 12 acres (4 9 ha) and the design was six blocks each of two plots, one being sprayed and the other unsprayed. The changes with time in the density of flower heads vulnerable to weevil attack and of those suitable for harvesting were recorded. The experiment suggested a useful increase in yield‐18 or more Ib per acre (20 or more kg per ha)‐as a result of the treatment, but there was no conclusive evidence of any increase. An increase of 4 Ib per acre (4 5 kg per ha) would cover the cost of spraying. There was no evidence that spraying reduced the activity of bees. Data from two independent sampling methods show that the weevil population in the treated plots was always less than 10 per cent of that in the untreated ones during the whole period in which the crop was vulnerable to weevil attack.
Anthoxanthum Mosaic Virus
Authors: Catherall P. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA hitherto unrecorded virus having flexible rod‐shaped particles about 740–760 × 13 nm was isolated from Anthoxanthum odoratwn L. It was transmitted by sap inoculation, but not by several species of insect, seed or soil to 18 species of Gramineae including wheat, oats and barley. In susceptible species the virus normally produced a mosaic mottling of the leaves which was sometimes followed by a necrotic streaking or striping.
The Effect of Mildew and Leaf Blotch on Yield and Quality of cv. Lior Italian Ryegrass
Authors: Davies H. , Williams A. E. , Morgan W. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA measurement of the effect of mildew and leaf blotch on both yield and quality of Lolium multiflorum (cv. Lior) was undertaken in two trials sown in 1966 and 1967.Plots were sprayed with a fungicide at 10‐day intervals, and four cuts were taken during the season. Disease assessments were made at the time of cutting. Considerable differences in yield and quality were recorded which could be broadly related to the levels of disease infection in the treatments.
Results of a Three Year Survey of Saddle Gall Midge (Haplodiplosis equestris (Wagn.)) on Spring Barley
Authors: Woodville H. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe results of a three year survey of the incidence of saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis equestris (Wagn.), on barley crops in the eastern counties of England are given. The total percentage of fields with galling was 47 per cent in 1967, 39 per cent in 1968 and 60 per cent in 1969. The differences between the years may be related to weather conditions. No correlation between the amount of galling and the yield of grain was established. It is suggested that the level of infestation may be related to soil type. Outside the eastern counties the percentage of infested cereal fields is smaller.
Field Tests of Dichlofluanid against Brassica Downy Mildew (Peronospora parasitica)
Authors: Channon A. G. , Hampson Ruth J. , Gibson Margaret , Turner Mary K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn frame experiments on cabbage and cauliflower seedlings, sprays of dichlofluanid (at 0·05–0·2 per cent a.i.) gave excellent protection against downy mildew on the cotyledons, but unreliable protection of the true leaves. There was an improvement in control of the disease on the leaves by the addition of a non‐ionic wetter to the commercial formulation of the fungicide, though there were some indications of possible phytotoxicity.
A New Factor for Resistance to Club Root in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Johnston T. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA new race of Plasmodiophora brassicae with a range of pathogenicity to B. napus different from that of previously known races has been isolated. The race is designated N4.Genetic studies have shown that resistance to N4 is governed by a major gene with resistance dominant to susceptibility.
A Herbicide‐induced Abnormality in Sugar Beet
Authors: Boyd A. E. W. , Erskine D. S. C. , Byford W. J. , Webb D. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwisting of roots of sugar beet has been associated with the application to the soil of certain herbicides. Severe twisting resulted in root constrictions which in some respects resembled ‘strangles’. Symptoms were most severe when the herbicide was intimately mixed with the soil either after or immediately before sowing.
A Corky Rot of Jersey Royal Potato Tubers caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Upstone M. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA corky rot affecting seed tubers of potato cultivar Jersey Royal is described. The disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, occurred on many farms in Jersey in 1968 and 1969. No symptoms were seen in the growing crop or at lifting in June, but dark brown sunken corky lesions, 15 mm diameter, were seen in the autumn. The infection rarely penetrated more than 2 mm and most infected tubers produced a satisfactory crop when planted. The disease did not progress during the winter, and infection seemed to be associated with high temperatures prevailing soon after lifting.
Experiments on the Effect of Plant Losses after Singling on the Yield of Sugar Beet
Authors: Byford W. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRemoving alternate plants or alternate pairs of plants from sugar beet crops during the first week of either June, July or August decreased sugar yields by 5, 16, and 33 per cent or by 10, 19, and 35 per cent respectively. This factor must be taken into account when making estimates of crop yield losses, due to diseases, based on yield losses suffered by single infected plants.
A Guide to the Morphological Differences between Pathotypes of Heterodera rostochiensis Larvae
Authors: Evans E. B. , Webley D. P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDistinguishing features of the spear and the dorsal oesophageal‐gland duct of ‘A’ and ‘E’ pathotypes of Heterodera rostochiensis Woll. larvae are described and illustrated, and a suggested measurement procedure is outlined.
A Laboratory Technique for Testing Red Clover Seedlings for Resistance to Stem Eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci)
Authors: Toynbee‐Vlarke Gillian , Bond D. A. 
Published: April 2007

summaryA technique for selecting red clover seedlings for resistance to stem eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci) is described. This includes collection and drying of infected material, extraction of the eelworms, growing seedlings on vertical plates, and inoculation on filter paper. A method of assessment of the symptoms of infection after three weeks is described, and an example of results using this technique is quoted.
Resistance of Chrysanthemum Cultivars to White Rust (Puccinia horiana)
Authors: Martin P. H. , Firman I.D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA whole‐plant method for screening chrysanthemum cultivars for resistance to white rust is described. Of 270 cultivars of the florists’ chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sinense Sabine) tested, 93 showed some infection. According to the severity of infection these were rated as susceptible, moderately susceptible, resistant and very resistant. The remaining two thirds were rated as practically immune or immune.
Some Experiments with Thiabendazole and Benomyl as Post‐harvest Treatments for the Control of Storage Rots of Apples
Authors: Edney K. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGood control of rots, derived from conidia of Gloeosporium perennans applied to cvs. Cox's Orange Pippin and Sunset apples after harvest, has been obtained with dips of thiabendazole and benomyl at 300 p.p.m. Natural infection of Cox's Orange Pippin was considerably reduced by this treatment providing the level of infection was not high. Control of heavy infection was poor with this cultivar but good with Sunset. It is suggested that a combination of pre and post‐harvest applications of either material could be a successful method of treatment.
Incidence of Lettuce Mosaic Virus in Imported Lettuce Seed
Authors: Hall Christine M. , Bennett A. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSeventeen samples of imported lettuce seed were tested for infection with lettuce mosaic virus. Only two samples had an infection level greater than one per cent. The results indicate that the amount of virus entering the United Kingdom in imported lettuce seed is likely to be low.
An Evaluation of Benomyl as a Scab/Mildew Fnngicide in the United Kingdom
Authors: Evans E. , Marshall J. , Hammond C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn extensive series of field trials with benomyl against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) confirmed the excellent control of both diseases achieved with regular schedules of treatment from bud‐burst to early July. An extended schedule of monthly sprays only shghtly reduced its efficiency against scab, although its activity against mildew was distinctly inferior when the intervals were increased in this manner. Benomyl also causes an apparent stimulation of vegetative growth. There are also indications of increased yields from such treatments without any adverse effect on fruit finish.
Control of Bulb Scale Mite and Stem Nematode of Narcissus, and Reclaiming Forced Bulbs
Authors: Winfleld A. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBulbs of narcissus cv. Quirinus were stored for six weeks at 48°F (8‐9°C) then were given 1 or 2 hr treatments in water at 112°F (44‐4°C) or 2,300 p.p.m. thionazin solution at ambient temperature. All treatments controlled bulb scale mite (Steneotarsonemus laticeps (Halb.)) and stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev) well, and growth and flowering during forcing were normal. The bulbs were then grown outdoors for two years but only those that had been hot‐water treated (112°F for 3 hr) after forcing maintained or slightly increased their planting weight. Bulbs that were not hot‐water treated after forcing survived poody, mainly due to stem nematode damage. Bulb scale mite was controlled by treatments that were inadequate for stem nematode.
The Effect of Glume Blotch on the Yield of Winter Wheat
Authors: Melville S. C. , Jemmett J. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFrequent spraying with fungicides gave a fairly good control of glume blotch (Septoria nodorum) in winter wheat and increased the persistence of green leaf tissue. Spraying resulted in substantial increases in yield which related well to the degree of disease control achieved; the increase over unsprayed ranged from 18 to 43 per cent, depending on the fungicide used. The whole of the yield increase could be accounted for in terms of 1,000 grain weight.