bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the Studio and on Location: Mapping Pinewood’s Culture in 1946
Authors: Street Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses how Pinewood’s post-war culture was evolving as a more streamlined, economical style of filmmaking with reference to some key film examples. While these resembled the mid-range budgeted type of films produced before the Second World War, it is argued that the adoption of newer, more efficient modes was key to Pinewood’s identity. The chapter examines the desire to rationalise production methods in 1946 by focusing in detail on five films shot at Pinewood by the Independent Producers group. It concentrates on the methods used by set designers and other technicians working on the feature films Great Expectations (1946), Green for Danger (1946), Black Narcissus (1947), Take My Life (1947) and Captain Boycott (1947). The chapter draws on the trade press’s often extensive reportage of visits to Pinewood’s stages when the films were being shot. It applies the concepts of ‘studio relay’ and ‘situated art direction’ to highlight the many innovative techniques which were integral to the films’ economical and artistic creation.
Omnithermal Metamaterials: Designing Universally Thermo-Adjustable Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Fu-Bao , Huang Ji-Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning efficient infrared illusions pose continuous hurdles, from complex operational circumstances to multiple heat distribution mechanisms and manufacturing intricacies. Most recent research efforts have been predominantly concentrated on tackling one issue at a time. In this chapter, we adopt a comprehensive approach by suggesting a kind of reconfigurable metasurface capable of illustrating an illusion in the infrared spectrum whilst preserving visible-light resemblance. The triadic essential modes of heat distribution are taken into consideration in the theoretical designs, with radiation-cavity effects being utilized in the practical construction process. Additionally, this study facilitates the concurrent modification of surface temperature and emissivity. Such metasurfaces prove their worth in fluctuating-temperature environments and transient situations. This summary not only underscores the potential of these adjustable metasurfaces in surmounting difficulties tied to thermal illusion design but also accentuates their flexibility and dependability in assorted settings.
Transformation Thermotics and Effective Medium Theory for Thermal Conduction
Authors: Yang Fu-Bao , Huang Ji-Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this Chapter, we embark on an exploration of the intricacies of heat conduction, primarily delving into the transformation thermotics and the effective medium theory. Beginning with the foundational Fourier’s law of heat conduction, an intriguing observation is the form invariance of the associated equations under arbitrary coordinate transformations. This symmetry elucidates a novel method for orchestrating the temperature field and heat flux dynamics. To illustrate the practical implications and operationalizability of the thermal transformation, we conceptualized and implemented a thermal cloak. It should be noted, however, that the parameters projected theoretically often manifest as inhomogeneous and anisotropic, posing considerable challenges for tangible synthesis. A viable approach to circumnavigate these challenges is to pivot the focus towards the thermally effective medium theory. In the ensuing sections, we will delve into a systematic exposition of the effective medium theory, subsequently crafting functional structures illuminated by three distinct frameworks: linear theory, wherein the thermal conductivity remains unaffected by temperature variations, nonlinear theory, and the theory of heat sources.
Atrial and ventricular strain using cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the prediction of outcomes of pericarditis patients: a pilot study
Authors: Cau Riccardo , Pisu Francesco , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Sironi Sandro , Suri Jasjit S. , Pontone Gianluca , Salgado Rodrigo , Saba Luca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
Our study aimed to explore with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) the impact of left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain in patients with acute pericarditis and to investigate their possible prognostic significance in adverse outcomes.

Method
This retrospective study performed CMR scans in 36 consecutive patients with acute pericarditis (24 males, age 52 [23–52]). The primary endpoint was the combination of recurrent pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, and surgery for pericardial diseases defined as pericardial events. Atrial and ventricular strain function were performed on conventional cine SSFP sequences.

Results
After a median follow-up time of 16 months (interquartile range [13–24]), 12 patients with acute pericarditis reached the primary endpoint. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, LA reservoir and LA conduit strain parameters were all independent determinants of adverse pericardial diseases. Conversely, LV myocardial strain parameters did not remain an independent predictor of outcome. With receiving operating characteristics curve analysis, LA conduit and reservoir strain showed excellent predictive performance (area under the curve of 0.914 and 0.895, respectively) for outcome prediction at 12 months.

Conclusion
LA reservoir and conduit mechanisms on CMR are independently associated with a higher risk of adverse pericardial events. Including atrial strain parameters in the management of acute pericarditis may improve risk stratification.

Clinical relevance statement
Atrial strain could be a suitable non-invasive and non-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameter for predicting adverse pericardial complications in patients with acute pericarditis.

Key Points
• Myocardial strain is a well-validated CMR parameter for risk stratification in cardiovascular diseases.
• LA reservoir and conduit functions are significantly associated with adverse pericardial events.
• Atrial strain may serve as an additional non-contrast CMR parameter for stratifying patients with acute pericarditis.
Non-polynomial q-Askey Scheme: Integral Representations, Eigenfunction Properties, and Polynomial Limits
Authors: Lenells Jonatan , Roussillon Julien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe construct a non-polynomial generalization of the q-Askey scheme. Whereas the elements of the q-Askey scheme are given by q-hypergeometric series, the elements of the non-polynomial scheme are given by contour integrals, whose integrands are built from Ruijsenaars’ hyperbolic gamma function. Alternatively, the integrands can be expressed in terms of Faddeev’s quantum dilogarithm, Woronowicz’s quantum exponential, or Kurokawa’s double sine function. We present the basic properties of all the elements of the scheme, including their integral representations, joint eigenfunction properties, and polynomial limits.
How to adequately represent biological processes in modeling multifunctionality of arable soils
Authors: Vogel H.-J. , Amelung W. , Baum C. , Bonkowski M. , Blagodatsky S. , Grosch R. , Herbst M. , Kiese R. , Koch S. , Kuhwald M. , König S. , Leinweber P. , Lennartz B. , Müller C. W. , Pagel H. , Rillig M. C. , Rüschhoff J. , Russell D. , Schnepf A. , Schulz S. , Siebers N. , Vetterlein D. , Wachendorf C. , Weller U. , Wollschläger U. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEssential soil functions such as plant productivity, C storage, nutrient cycling and the storage and purification of water all depend on soil biological processes. Given this insight, it is remarkable that in modeling of these soil functions, the various biological actors usually do not play an explicit role. In this review and perspective paper we analyze the state of the art in modeling these soil functions and how biological processes could more adequately be accounted for. We do this for six different biologically driven processes clusters that are key for understanding soil functions, namely i) turnover of soil organic matter, ii) N cycling, iii) P dynamics, iv) biodegradation of contaminants v) plant disease control and vi) soil structure formation. A major conclusion is that the development of models to predict changes in soil functions at the scale of soil profiles (i.e. pedons) should be better rooted in the underlying biological processes that are known to a large extent. This is prerequisite to arrive at the predictive models that we urgently need under current conditions of Global Change.
Dynamics and vibration reduction performance of asymmetric tristable nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Zeng Youcheng , Ding Hu , Lai Siukai , Chen Liqun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith its complex nonlinear dynamic behavior, the tristable system has shown excellent performance in areas such as energy harvesting and vibration suppression, and has attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, an asymmetric tristable design is proposed to improve the vibration suppression efficiency of nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) for the first time. The proposed asymmetric tristable NES (ATNES) is composed of a pair of oblique springs and a vertical spring. Then, the three stable states, symmetric and asymmetric, can be achieved by the adjustment of the distance and stiffness asymmetry of the oblique springs. The governing equations of a linear oscillator (LO) coupled with the ATNES are derived. The approximate analytical solution to the coupled system is obtained by the harmonic balance method (HBM) and verified numerically. The vibration suppression efficiency of three types of ATNES is compared. The results show that the asymmetric design can improve the efficiency of vibration reduction through comparing the chaotic motion of the NES oscillator between asymmetric steady states. In addition, compared with the symmetrical tristable NES (TNES), the ATNES can effectively control smaller structural vibrations. In other words, the ATNES can effectively solve the threshold problem of TNES failure to weak excitation. Therefore, this paper reveals the vibration reduction mechanism of the ATNES, and provides a pathway to expand the effective excitation amplitude range of the NES.
Ecological risk assessment of metal pollution in the surface sediments of delta region, Egypt
Authors: Thabet Walaa M. , Moneer Abeer A. , Abdelwahab Ola , Ahdy Hoda H. H. , Khedawy Mohamed , Shabaan Nashwa A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe surface sediments from eleven sectors perpendicular to the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast, along the delta region, have been assessed. These sectors cover areas of Eastern Harbour, Abu Qir Bay, Rosetta, Abo Khashaba, Burullus, Baltim, Damietta, and Manzala. The assessment process is based on determining the eight metals’ (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd) content, followed by applying different pollution and ecological risk indices such as enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation factor (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cdeg.), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The results indicate the average concentrations of metals (μg/g) were Fe (18,000), Mn (213), Zn (120), Ni (26), Co (13), Cu (12), Pb (10), and Cd (2). The single-pollution indices reveal that most metals were depleted to metal levels, the sediments were moderately polluted with Cd and unpolluted with other metals, and the CF values confirmed that the sediments were highly polluted with Cd and low contaminated with the rest of the metals. According to the integrated pollution indices, the Eastern Harbour, Damietta, Manzalah, and Bardawil (eastern Inlet) are the most polluted sectors relative to the rest, subjected to various point sources of pollution. Drainage management system is recommended to enhance water conservation and improve fish stocks.
Dynamic Light Scattering for the Measurement of Transport Properties of Fluids
Authors: Koller Thomas M. , Rausch Michael H. , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present article summarizes experimental and theoretical considerations required for a proper use of dynamic light scattering (DLS) for the measurement of transport properties of fluids. It addresses not only recent advancements of the method, but also aims to provide recommendations to researchers who intend to apply the technique in the future. As outlined in this study, DLS is based on the analysis of scattered light governed by microscopic statistical or periodic fluctuations that originate from the thermal movement of molecules and/or particles at macroscopic thermodynamic equilibrium. The dynamics of these hydrodynamic fluctuations in the bulk of fluids or at their phase boundaries are related to the underlying diffusive processes and, thus, to the associated transport properties, and are reflected by the time-dependent correlation function of the scattered light intensity. The fundamentals of this type of detection, known as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), will be discussed in the present contribution in some more detail. It is emphasized that the experiments need to be designed carefully in accordance with theory in order to assign the measurement signals to the corresponding hydrodynamic fluctuations. If the necessary conditions are fulfilled, DLS allows the accurate determination of several transport properties including kinematic and dynamic viscosity, thermal diffusivity, mutual diffusivity, and sound attenuation, which may be accessed together with other thermophysical properties such as speed of sound and surface or interfacial tension. In some instances, also the simultaneous determination of several transport properties is possible. With the exception of the sound attenuation, expanded uncertainties for the mentioned transport properties down to 1 % can be achieved for various types of fluid systems over a wide range of thermodynamic states up to elevated temperatures and pressures as well as in the vicinity of critical points. This performance and versatility of the DLS technique is documented in the present study by highlighting measurement examples from recent thermophysical property research on different classes of working fluids relevant for process and energy technology.
Attractive target for tax avoidance: trade liberalization and entry mode
Authors: Okoshi Hirofumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Growing foreign direct investments (FDIs) have been observed in parallel to the development of tax avoidance by multinational enterprises; however, empirical evidence indicates the asymmetric effects of trade costs on a firm’s entry decision. To give a new rationale and insights into the impacts of transfer pricing and trade liberalization on a firm’s global activities, this study incorporates transfer pricing and investigates a foreign firm’s entry decision: exports, greenfield FDI (GFDI), or cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CM&As). We show that CM&A is the equilibrium entry mode when transfer pricing regulation is loose, whereas the choice between exports and GFDI depends on the fixed costs of GFDI. Moreover, trade liberalization increases the likelihood of CM&A but decreases that of exports because a reduction in trade costs enhances tax-avoidance efficiency due to more intrafirm trade, implying that tax avoidance in the form of CM&A becomes crucial as globalization progresses. Our welfare analysis shows that regulating CM&A based on consumers’ benefits may result in welfare reduction because profit shifting is most effective under CM&A and a host country’s tax revenue from the foreign firm increases. The results imply the importance of considering the link between international tax and antitrust policies.
Lower Bounds on the Noiseless Worst-Case Complexity of Efficient Global Optimization
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Jiang Yuning , Maddalena Emilio T. , Jones Colin N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEfficient global optimization is a widely used method for optimizing expensive black-box functions. In this paper, we study the worst-case oracle complexity of the efficient global optimization problem. In contrast to existing kernel-specific results, we derive a unified lower bound for the oracle complexity of efficient global optimization in terms of the metric entropy of a ball in its corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Moreover, we show that this lower bound nearly matches the upper bound attained by non-adaptive search algorithms, for the commonly used squared exponential kernel and the Matérn kernel with a large smoothness parameter $$\nu $$
ν
. This matching is up to a replacement of d/2 by d and a logarithmic term $$\log \frac{R}{\epsilon }$$

log

R
ϵ

, where d is the dimension of input space, R is the upper bound for the norm of the unknown black-box function, and $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
is the desired accuracy. That is to say, our lower bound is nearly optimal for these kernels.
Moisture thresholds for ignition vary between types of eucalypt forests across an aridity gradient
Authors: Cawson Jane G. , Burton Jamie E. , Pickering Bianca J. , Penman Trent D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in landscape flammability is important for implementing ecologically desirable prescribed burns and gauging the level of fire risk across a landscape. Yet there is a paucity of models that provide adequate spatial detail about landscape flammability for these purposes.

Objectives
Our aim was to quantify spatial and temporal variations in ignitability across a forested landscape. We asked: (1) How do fuel moisture and meteorological variables interact to affect ignitability? (2) Do fuel moisture thresholds for ignition vary across a gradient of forest types? (3) How does the spatial connectivity of ignitable fuel vary over time? (4) How could an ignitability model be used to inform fire management decision-making?

Methods
We conducted field-based ignition tests with flaming firebrands over three fire seasons. Ignitions were attempted across a range of moisture and meteorological conditions at 15 sites in eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. Structural equation modelling and generalized linear models were used to quantify relationships between ignitability, aridity, fuel moisture and weather.

Results
The strongest predictors of ignitability were the moisture content of dead near surface fine fuel and in-forest vapour pressure deficit. Ignition thresholds for both varied across an aridity gradient. Dense forests (i.e., wet and damp eucalypt forests) needed drier fuel and drier in-forest atmospheric conditions to ignite than sparser forests (i.e., shrubby foothill forest).

Conclusion
Our modelling of ignitability could inform fire planning in south-eastern Australia and the methodology could be applied elsewhere to develop similar models for other regions. Days with consistently high ignitability across the landscape are more conducive to the development of large wildfires whereas days when ignitability is spatially variable are more suitable for prescribed burning.
Post-stroke Cognition is Associated with Stroke Survivor Quality of Life and Caregiver Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Stolwyk Renerus J. , Mihaljcic Tijana , Wong Dana K. , Hernandez Diana Ramirez , Wolff Brittany , Rogers Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDisability arising from post-stroke cognitive impairment is a likely contributor to the poor quality of life (QoL) stroke survivors and their carers frequently experience, but this has not been summarily quantified. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was completed examining the association between general and domain-specific post-stroke cognitive functioning and adult stroke survivor QoL, caregiver QoL, and caregiver burden. Five databases were systematically searched, and eligibility for inclusion, data extraction, and study quality were evaluated by two reviewers using a standardised protocol. Effects sizes (r) were estimated using a random effects model. Thirty-eight studies were identified, generating a sample of 7365 stroke survivors (median age 63.02 years, range 25–93) followed for 3 to 132 months post-stroke. Overall cognition (all domains combined) demonstrated a significant small to medium association with QoL, r = 0.23 (95% CI 0.18–0.28), p < 0.001. The cognitive domains of speed, attention, visuospatial, memory, and executive skills, but not language, also demonstrated a significant relationship with QoL. Regarding caregiver outcomes, 15 studies were identified resulting in a sample of 2421 caregivers (median age 58.12 years, range 18–82) followed for 3 to 84 months post-stroke. Stroke survivor overall cognitive ability again demonstrated a significant small to medium association with caregiver outcomes (QoL and burden combined), r = 0.17 (95% CI 0.10–0.24), p < 0.001. In conclusion, lower post-stroke cognitive performance is associated with significant reductions in stroke survivor QoL and poorer caregiver outcomes. Cognitive assessment is recommended early to identify those at risk and implement timely interventions to support both stroke survivors and their caregivers.
Screening Through Investment: Evidence from the Chinese Automobile Industry
Authors: Lin Wei , Mathewson Frank , Xiao Junji 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a competition theory to explain the role of automobile dealers’ investment in a vertical contract with manufacturers. Dealer contracts specify manufacturer-suggested retail prices and elements of dealer quality. Dealer quality investments require minimum financial capital where manufacturers impose these limits on dealers. The required dealer investment screens for qualified dealers and incentivizes the desired dealer quality. The prediction is that promotional services, prices, and gross returns are greater for high-quality brands than that for standard-quality brands. To test the theory, we collected data on auto dealers in China in June 2015 for an empirical analysis. Our findings support these predictions: Dealer investment (registered capital) is positively correlated with brand average product prices. In addition, the registered capital is higher when the aggregate demand is greater since high demand increases returns, which induces dealers to increase their investment.
Endothelial specific prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 deficiency attenuates aging-related obesity and exercise intolerance
Authors: Pan Lihong , He Xiaochen , Xu Rui , Bhattarai Umesh , Niu Ziru , do Carmo Jussara , Sun Yuxiang , Zeng Heng , Clemmer John S. , Chen Jian-Xiong , Chen Yingjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObesity and exercise intolerance greatly reduce the life quality of older people. Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) is an important enzyme in modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF) protein. Using vascular endothelial cell-specific PHD2 gene knockout (PHD2 ECKO) mice, we investigated the role of endothelial PHD2 in aging-related obesity and exercise capacity. Briefly, PHD2 ECKO mice were obtained by crossing PHD2-floxed mice with VE-Cadherin (Cdh5)-Cre transgenic mice. The effect of PHD2 ECKO on obesity and exercise capacity in PHD2 ECKO mice and control PHD2f/f mice were determined in young mice (6 to 7 months) and aged mice (16–18 months). We found that aged PHD2 ECKO mice, but not young mice, exhibited a lean phenotype, characterized by lower fat mass, and its ratio to lean weight, body weight, or tibial length, while their food uptake was not reduced compared with controls. Moreover, as compared with aged control mice, aged PHD2 ECKO mice exhibited increased oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise, and the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exercise. Furthermore, as compared with corresponding control mice, both young and aged PHD2 ECKO mice demonstrated improved glucose tolerance and lower insulin resistance. Together, these data demonstrate that inhibition of vascular endothelial PHD2 signaling significantly attenuates aging-related obesity, exercise intolerance, and glucose intolerance.