bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal influence of brook trout and mottled sculpin on lower trophic levels in an Appalachian stream
Authors: CHEEVER B. M. , SIMON K. S. 
Published: October 2008

Summary1. In some situations fish have strong top‐down effects in stream communities while in others they seem to be relatively unimportant. Differences in the impact of fish may depend on a variety of factors including the foraging mode of the fish, interactions among fish species and temporal variation in environmental conditions and species interactions.2. We investigated the effect of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) on lower trophic levels in Appalachian streams and whether or not interactions between these fish changed their influence. Mesocosms were placed in a headwater stream in a randomized complete block design. Within blocks, mesocosms were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (i) no fish; (ii) sculpin only; (iii) trout only and (iv) both sculpin and trout. Fish biomass was the same in all three fish treatments. Invertebrate density and algal biomass in mesocosms were determined after 3 weeks. We repeated the experiment in the autumn, spring and summer to test for seasonality of fish effects.3. The effect of fish on invertebrate assemblages was seasonal and depended on prey identity. Sculpin strongly suppressed grazer abundance in spring while trout had little effect on grazers in any season. The influence of both fish on insect predators was similar and relatively constant across seasons. We found little evidence of an interaction between sculpin and trout that strongly influenced their effect on prey across seasons.4. None of the fish treatments influenced algal biomass during any of the seasons. Algal growth was also seasonal, with a two‐ to four‐fold increase in algal biomass in spring compared to autumn and summer.5. Our results indicate that benthic and drift feeding fish differ in their effects on some, but not all prey. Furthermore, fish effects on prey were strongly seasonal for some, but not all prey types. While the temporal context is not commonly considered, our results indicate seasonality can be an important component of predator–prey interactions in streams.
Comparison of surface seismic sources at the CO2SINK site, Ketzin, Germany
Authors: Yordkayhun Sawasdee , Ivanova Alexandra , Giese Rüdiger , Juhlin Christopher , Cosma Calin 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTIn 2004 three seismic surface sources (VIBSIST, accelerated weight drop and MiniVib) were tested in a pilot study at the Ketzin test site, Germany, a study site for geological storage of CO2 (EU project CO2SINK). The main objectives of this pilot study were to 1) evaluate the response of the Ketzin site to reflection seismics, especially at the planned injection depth, 2) test different acquisition parameters and 3) use the results to guide the planning of the 3D survey. As part of these objectives, we emphasize the source performance comparison in this study. The sources were tested along two perpendicular lines of 2.4 km length each. Data were acquired by shooting at all stations (source and receiver spacing of 20 m) on both lines, allowing common‐midpoint stacked sections to be produced. The sources' signal characteristics based on signal‐to‐noise ratio, signal penetration and frequency content of raw shot records were analysed and stacked sections were compared. The results show that all three surface sources are suitable for reflection seismic studies down to a depth of about 1 km and provide enough bandwidth for resolving the geological targets at the site, i.e., the Weser and Stuttgart Formations. Near surface conditions, especially a thick weathering layer present in this particular area, strongly influence the data quality, as indicated by the difference in reflectivity and signal‐to‐noise ratio of the two common‐midpoint lines. The stacked sections of the MiniVib source show the highest frequency signals down to about 500 ms traveltime (approximately 500 m depth) but also the shallowest signal penetration depth. The VIBSIST source generates signals with the highest signal‐to‐noise ratio and greatest signal penetration depth of the tested sources. In particular, reflections below 900 ms (approximately 1 km depth) are best imaged by the VIBSIST source. The weight drop performance lies in between these two sources and might be recommended as an appropriate source for a 3D survey at this site because of the shorter production time compared to the VIBSIST and MiniVib sources.
Imaging of offset VSP data acquired in complex areas with modified reverse‐time migration
Authors: Neklyudov D. , Borodin I. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA modified reverse‐time migration algorithm for offset vertical seismic profiling data is proposed. This algorithm performs depth imaging of target areas in the borehole vicinity without taking into account the overburden. Originally recorded seismograms are used; reliable results can be obtained using only the velocity profile obtained along the well. The downgoing wavefield emitted from a surface source is approximated in the target area using the transmitted P‐wave, recorded by the receivers deployed in the well. This is achieved through a reverse‐time extrapolation of the direct transmitted P‐wave into the target area after its separation in offset vertical seismic profiling seismograms generated using a finite‐difference scheme for the solution of the scalar wave equation.The proposed approach produces ‘kinematically’ reliable images from reflected PP‐ and PS‐waves and, furthermore, can be applied as a salt proximity tool for salt body flank imaging based on the transmitted PS‐waves. Our experiments on synthetic data demonstrate that the modified reverse‐time migration provides reliable depth images based on offset vertical seismic profiling data even if only the velocity profile obtained along the borehole is used.
The effect of mineralization on the ratio of normal to tangential compliance of fractures
Authors: Sayers Colin M. , Taleghani Arash Dahi , Adachi José 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect of a fracture on the propagation of seismic waves can be represented in terms of the normal compliance BN and tangential compliance BT of the fracture. If BN/BT= 1 for all fractures, the effective elastic stiffness tensor of an isotropic background containing an arbitrary orientation distribution of fractures is orthotropic (i.e., has three orthogonal planes of mirror symmetry) in the long‐wave limit. However, deviations from orthotropy may occur if BN/BT differs significantly from unity and this can cause the principal axes of the P‐wave NMO ellipse and of the variation in the PP‐reflection amplitude as a function of azimuth, to deviate from the fast and slow polarization direction of a vertically propagating S‐wave. Simple models of a fracture in terms of a planar distribution of cracks suggest that BN/BT≈ 1 for dry fractures. However, naturally occurring fractures often exhibit mineralization in the form of bridges between opposing faces of the fracture. The presence of such bridges leads to significant departures of BN/BT from unity.
Snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) in aphid honeydew negatively affects survival of a honeydew‐ consuming parasitoid
Authors: Hogervorst Petra A. M. , Wäckers Felix L. , Woodring Joseph , Romeis Jörg 
Published: October 2008

Abstract1 Insecticidal proteins can be excreted in the honeydew when sap‐sucking insects feed on insect‐resistant transgenic plants. Honeydew can be an important source of carbohydrates, thus potentially exposing a broad range of honeydew‐feeding insects to transgene products.2 Snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) dissolved in a 2 m sucrose solution had no antifeedant effect on female aphid parasitoids (Aphidius ervi) but had a direct negative effect on their longevity.3 When feeding on honeydew from Rhopalosiphum padi feeding on a GNA‐containing artificial diet, Aphidius ervi suffered a longevity reduction that was more pronounced than was to be expected based on the detected GNA concentration in the honeydew.4 Analysis of carbohydrate and amino acid composition revealed that a change in honeydew composition caused by a GNA‐effect on the aphids could be a possible explanation for the additional reduction in parasitoid longevity.5 When comparing the effect of honeydew from Sitobion avenae and R. padi feeding on GNA‐expressing or nontransformed wheat plants on A. ervi longevity, aphid species was found to have a significant effect, whereas the wheat variety had no effect. The latter result was probably due to low GNA expression levels in the plants. Differences in nutritional suitability between honeydew from R. padi and S. avenae could be explained by differences in carbohydrate and amino acid composition.6 This is the first study to demonstrate that GNA ingested by aphids and transported into the honeydew can negatively affect the parasitoids consuming this honeydew.7 We recommend that honeydew should be considered as a route of exposure to transgene products in future risk assessment studies.
Association of acute ischemic stroke with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism but not with NOS3 gene polymorphisms in a Singapore population
Authors: Moe K. T. , Woon F. P. , De Silva D. A. , Wong P. , Koh T. H. , Kingwell B. , Chin‐Dusting J. , Wong M. C. 
Published: October 2008

Background and purpose:  The association of polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene (T‐786C, variable number tandem repeats 4A/B/C, and G894T) and in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (C677T) with acute ischemic stroke have been reported.Methods:  First‐time onset acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 120) and controls (n = 207) with no past history of stroke were compared. Allele specific gene amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were used to determine the genotype and allelic frequencies in both groups. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and nitrite levels were measured.Results:  No significant association of NOS3 polymorphisms with ischemic stroke was noted. The TT genotype of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with ischemic stroke (P = 0.004). Elevated plasma Hcy levels were also significantly associated with ischemic stroke (P = 0.001).Conclusions:  The TT genotype of C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene contributes to genetic susceptibility of acute ischemic stroke in a Singapore population.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and multiple sclerosis amongst offspring
Authors: Montgomery S. M. , Bahmanyar S. , Hillert J. , Ekbom A. , Olsson T. 
Published: October 2008

Introduction:  An association between parental smoking and multiple sclerosis (MS) in offspring has been reported. This study examined whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with MS in offspring.Methods:  Swedish general population registers provided prospectively recorded information on maternal smoking during pregnancy. The study identified 143 cases with MS diagnosed by 2006 and 1730 matched controls. Subjects were born since 1982 and individually matched by year of birth, age, sex and region of residence. Conditional logistic regression assessed the association of maternal smoking with MS in offspring with adjustment for socioeconomic index.Results:  Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not associated with MS in offspring, with an odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.96 (0.65–1.44). When stratified by paediatric or later MS onset there was no association with maternal smoking in either stratum.Conclusion:  It is unlikely that smoking during pregnancy represents a risk for early‐onset MS amongst offspring.
Practitioner Review: The assessment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Baroni Argelinda , Lunsford Jessica R. , Luckenbaugh David A. , Towbin Kenneth E. , Leibenluft Ellen 
Published: October 2008

Background:  An increasing number of youth are being diagnosed with, and treated for, bipolar disorder (BD). Controversy exists about whether youth with non‐episodic irritability and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be considered to have a developmental presentation of mania.Method:  A selective review of the literature related to this question, along with recommendations to guide clinical assessment.Results:  Data indicate differences between youth with episodic mania and those with non‐episodic irritability in longitudinal diagnostic associations, family history, and pathophysiology. In youth with episodic mania, elation and irritability are both common during manic episodes.Conclusions:  In diagnosing mania in youth, clinicians should focus on the presence of episodes that consist of a distinct change in mood accompanied by concurrent changes in cognition and behavior. BD should not be diagnosed in the absence of such episodes. In youth with ADHD, symptoms such as distractibility and agitation should be counted as manic symptoms only if they are markedly increased over the youth’s baseline symptoms at the same time that there is a distinct change in mood and the occurrence of other associated symptoms of mania. Although different techniques for diagnosing comorbid illnesses have not been compared systematically, it appears most rational to diagnose co‐occurring illnesses such as ADHD only if the symptoms of the co‐occurring illness are present when the youth is euthymic.
Effects of Intensive Lifestyle Changes on Erectile Dysfunction in Men
Authors: Esposito Katherine , Ciotola Miryam , Giugliano Francesco , Maiorino Maria I. , Autorino Riccardo , De Sio Marco , Giugliano Giovanni , Nicoletti Gianfranco , D’Andrea Francesco , Giugliano Dario 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Limited data are available supporting the notion that treatment of lifestyle risk factors may improve erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
In the present study, we analyzed the effect of a program of changing in lifestyle designed to improve erectile function in subjects with ED or at increasing risk for ED.

Methods
Men were identified in our database of subjects participating in randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of lifestyle changes. A total of 209 subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. The 104 men randomly assigned to the intervention program received detailed advice about how to reduce body weight, improve quality of diet, and increase physical activity. The 105 subjects in the control group were given general information about healthy food choices and general guidance on increasing their level of physical activity.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in erectile function score (International Index of Erectile Function-5 [IIEF-5]; items 5, 15, 4, 2, and 7 from the full-scale IIEF-15) and dependence of the restoration of erectile function on the changes in lifestyle that were achieved.

Results
Erectile function score improved in the intervention group. At baseline, 35 subjects in the intervention group and 38 subjects in the control group had normal erectile function (34% and 36%, respectively). After 2 years, these figures were 58 subjects in the intervention group and 40 subjects in the control group, respectively (56% and 38%, P = 0.015). There was a strong correlation between the success score and restoration of erectile function.

Conclusions
It is possible to achieve an improvement of erectile function in men at risk by means of nonpharmacological intervention aiming at weight loss and increasing physical activity.
Multiple Pelvic Floor Complaints are Correlated with Sexual Abuse History
Authors: Beck Jack J.H. , Elzevier Henk W. , Pelger Rob C.M. , Putter Hein , Voorham-van der Zalm Petra J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The relationship between sexual abuse and urinary tract symptoms, sexual abuse and gastrointestinal symptoms, or sexual abuse and sexual dysfunction has been described before. A correlation between all these symptoms and sexual abuse has not yet been reported.

Aims
The first aim of this study was to document the prevalence rates of reported sexual abuse in a large sample of female patients with complaints of the pelvic floor. The second aim was to evaluate the frequency of complaints in the different domains of the pelvic floor, such as complaints of micturition, defecation, and sexual function, in female patients reporting sexual abuse, and comparing these data with female patients without a history of sexual abuse.

Methods
Female patients with pelvic floor complaints were evaluated in a tertiary referral center. History taking was assessed by a pelvic-floor clinician. The number of domains with complaints of patients with a history of sexual abuse was compared with the number of domains with complaints of patients without sexual abuse.

Main Outcome Measures
The number of patients who reported sexual abuse and the frequency of complaints in the different domains of the pelvic floor. The number of domains of patients with a history of sexual abuse was compared with patients without a history of sexual abuse.

Results
Twenty-three percent (42/185) of the patients reported a history of sexual abuse. The female patients with a history of sexual abuse had significantly more complaints in three domains of the pelvic floor (35/42) compared with the nonabused (69/143) (83% vs. 48%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Twenty-three percent of the female patients in a pelvic floor center evaluated by a pelvic-floor clinician reported a history of sexual abuse. This is comparable with the percentage of sexual abuse observed in the population at large. In our sample, the patients with multiple pelvic floor complaints (micturition, defecation, and sexual function) related to pelvic floor dysfunction were more likely to have a history of sexual abuse than the patients with isolated complaints.
Cloning of heat shock protein genes from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, and the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, and their expression in relation to thermal stress
Authors: Kim Dong Hun , Lee Sang‐Chul , Kwak Do‐Yeon , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree heat shock protein (HSP) genes (hsp70, hsc70, hsp90) were partially cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae), which are serious pests of the rice plant. Sequence comparisons at the deduced amino acid level showed that the three HSPs of planthoppers were most homologous to corresponding HSPs of dipteran and lepi‐dopteran species. Identities of both heat shock cognate 70 and HSP90 were higher than HSP70 in both species. Identity of the HSP70 between the two planthopper species was only 81%, a value much lower than seen among fly and moth groups. Effects of heat and cold shocks were demonstrated on expression of the three hsp genes in the two planthopper species. Heat shock (40 °C) upregulated the hsp90 level but did not change the hsc70 level in either the nymph and adult stages of either species. On the other hand, the hsp70 level was only upregulated in L. striatellus. This heat shock response was prompt and lasted only for 1 h after treatment. In contrast, cold shock at 4°C did not change the expression levels of any hsp in either species.
A suspended cell line from Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera): Characterization and expression of recombinant proteins
Authors: Meng Min‐Juan , Li Tian‐Long , Li Chang‐You , Li Guo‐Xun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA suspended cell line from Trichoplusia ni embryos was established, and its susceptibility to Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) infection was investigated. This cell line had characteristics distinct from the BTI‐Tn5Bl‐4 cell line (Tn5Bl‐4) from T. ni in growth, and showed approximately the same responses to AcMNPV infection, production of occlusion bodies, and levels of recombinant protein expression. No clumps were observed at maximum cell density at late‐log phase in shake‐flask or T‐flask cultures, and thus the cells represent a useful new contribution for baculovirus research. The cells consist of two major morphological types: approximately 70% spindle‐shaped cells and 30% round cells. The cell line was highly susceptible to virus infection and produced around 107 AcMNPV occlusion bodies per cell, on average. Production of β‐galactosidase and secreted alkaline phosphatase was high with 3.97 ± 0.13 × 104IU/mL and 3.48 ± 0.40 IU/mL, respectively. This cell line may be applicable for studies of scale‐up production of viruses or baculovirus‐insect cell expression. We also believe the new line can be a source for cell clones with higher production of virus and recombinant proteins compared to the parent or other existing cell lines such as Tn5Bl‐4.
Effect of pine foliage damage on the incidence of larval diapause in the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Huang Li‐Li , Wang Guo‐Hong , He Zhong , Ge Feng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe pine caterpillar Dendrolimus punctatus (Walker) with a larval facultative diapause is one of the most destructive insect pests of the pine tree Pinus massoniana in China. The larvae feeding on pine trees with different damage levels were studied to determine the induction of diapause under both laboratory and field conditions. Developmental duration of larvae before the third instar was the longest when fed with 75%–90% damaged needles, followed by 25%–40% damaged needles and intact pine needles, whereas mortalities did not differ among different treatments under the conditions of 25° and critical photoperiod 13.5:10.5 L:D. At 25°, no diapause was induced under 15:9 L:D, whereas 100% diapause occurred under 12:12 L:D regardless of the levels of needle damage. Incidences of larvae entering diapause when they were fed with intact, 25%–40% and 75%–90% damaged pine needles were 51.7%, 70.8% and 81% under 13.5:10.5 L:D, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the field experiment. Incidence of diapause was significantly different among the pine needle damage levels of pine trees when the photoperiod was close to the critical day length, indicating that the effect of host plants on diapause induction was dependent on the range of photoperiod. The content of amino acid and sugar decreased and tannin increased in pine needles after feeding by the pine caterpillars, suggesting that changed levels of nutrients in damaged needles or a particular substance emitted by damaged pine trees was perhaps involved in the diapause induction of the pine caterpillar.
Nutrition, sensory evaluation, and performance analysis of trans fat‐free nonhydrogenated frying oils
Authors: Hack Danielle M. , Bordi Peter L. , Hessert S. William 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe American Food and Drug Administration is enforcing the law requiring labeling of trans fats on nutrition labels since January 1, 2006. This law has created a push to reformulate deep‐fat frying oils. Prior to this law, frying oils contained trans fats because they gave oils a longer frying life. In this study, oil performance, sensory evaluation and nutritional analysis were conducted on seven trans fat‐free and two trans fat oils through a 10‐day degradation process using French fries to degrade oil. Sensory ratings of appearance, color, texture and overall liking indicated that fries from blended trans fat‐free oils were preferred. The most stable oils were blended oils based on peroxide value, lovibond color and free fatty acid percentage. Based on these findings, industries considering using the trans fat‐free frying oils should consider blended oils because of excellent oil stability, lower oil usage and sensory panelists' preference.