bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorless vector controlled converter for variable speed wind generation system using an induction generator
Authors: Ohyama Kazuhiro , Arinaga Shinji , Shigemizu Teturou 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper proposed two types of speed sensorless converters that can control rotational speed and electric power. One is based on a slip frequency control system. The other is based on a vector control system. The rotational speed of the wind turbine is estimated with the phase voltage and phase current of the induction generator by the adaptive rotor flux observer. The estimated wind turbine rotational speed ωrestis used as the feedback of the speed control loop in the converter control system. Also, the estimated rotor flux ϕ2destis used for the vector control. The simulation results confirm that both of them perform satisfactorily under the speed sensorless operation. The method based on the vector control system generates more electrical energy than does the method based on the slip frequency control system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 62–75, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20323
Study of reverse recovery characteristic for 3‐kV 600‐A 4H‐SiC flat package type pn diodes
Authors: Ogata Syuji , Takayama Daisuke , Asano Katsunori , Sugawara Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2007

Abstract3‐kV, 600‐A, 4H‐SiC flat package type pn diodes have been developed and their reverse recovery characteristics have been investigated. In spite of being pn junction diodes, the developed diodes have a short reverse recovery time of 0.153µs at room temperature. These diodes have one‐tenth lower recovery loss and one‐third lower recovery time than those of a commercialized 2.5‐kV Si diode in spite of a high blocking voltage. When this diode is used in a PWM inverter, the carrier frequency at which the on‐state loss is equal to the switching loss is 1.45 times the Si diode's frequency at 398 K. By using the developed diode, high‐voltage high‐frequency inverter operation can be realized. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 10–17, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20557
Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation
Authors: Banyard Victoria L. , Moynihan Mary M. , Plante Elizabethe G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe current study used an experimental design to evaluate a sexual violence prevention program based on a community of responsibility model that teaches women and men how to intervene safely and effectively in cases of sexual violence before, during, and after incidents with strangers, acquaintances, or friends. It approaches both women and men as potential bystanders or witnesses to behaviors related to sexual violence. Three hundred and eighty‐nine undergraduates participated and were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups or a control group. Results from the research reveal that up to 2 months after participating in either a one‐ or three‐session version of the program, participants in the treatment conditions showed improvements across measures of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior while the control group did not. Most program effects persisted at 4‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. The program appeared to benefit both women and men. Implications and future directions for research are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 463–481, 2007.
Adolescent bicultural stress and its impact on mental well‐being among Latinos, Asian Americans, and European Americans
Authors: Romero Andrea J. , Carvajal Scott C. , Valle Fabian , Orduña Michele 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe perception of bicultural stress, stress due to discrimination/prejudice, immigration, and acculturation, was investigated in relation to mental well‐being in a sample of urban Latino (n = 304), European American (n = 215), and Asian American (n = 131) 8th grade students. Bicultural stress was reported by all ethnic groups and was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms and less optimism (only for females), after accounting for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, and age. Latino and Asian American youth were more likely to report more stressors, although after controlling for sociodemographic variables the differences predominantly remained only between Asian Americans and European Americans. Lower socioeconomic status, male gender, and not speaking English also were associated with more stress. The negative impact of bicultural stress on adolescent depressive symptoms and optimism indicates the need for mental health researchers and service providers to consider the cultural context of stress for adolescents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 519–534, 2007.
Life change and instrumental support as predictors of illness in mothers of 6‐month‐olds
Authors: Lenz Elizabeth R. , Parks Peggy L. , Jenkins Louise S. , Jarrett Grace E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe extent to which life change after birth of a baby and instrumental support of parenting predict the occurrence of illness in mothers of 6‐month‐olds was studied. Mothers (N = 155) were selected from an urban clinic and from the birth records of a suburban hospital. All data were collected with questionnaires and interviews in mothers' homes when infants were 6 months old. Age, race, socioeconomic status, and prior illness were used as control variables in the analyses. Life change and intensity of support were positively related, and size of the support network was negatively related to illness. There was no evidence for the buffering effect of support. Findings confirmed that life change helps predict postpartal illness, and revealed that characteristics of instrumental support differ in their importance as predictors.
Vacancy, stability, and turnover of registered nurses in hospitals
Authors: Prescott Patricia A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if organizational, administrative, and practice factors differentiate among hospitals and patient care units as to registered nurse vacancy, stability, and turnover rates. Data from 90 patient care units in 15 hospitals are reported. Results from stepwise multiple regression indicate that 52% of the variability in vacancy, 56% of the variance in registered nurse stability, and 42% of the variance in relative turnover rates were explained by seven variables. Important predictors included nursing workload, characteristics of nurse staffing and practice, as well as job satisfaction. These findings indicate that a combination of organizational attributes and staff attitudes are important for understanding nurse staffing.
Planning by expert and novice nurses in cases of varying complexity
Authors: Corcoran Sheila A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe question addressed in this study was: what are the relationships among task complexity and nursing expertise and the planning processes of generating, evaluating, and choosing alternative actions? Eleven hospice nurses, six experts, and five novices were asked to think aloud as they developed drug administration plans to control patients' pain in three hypothetical cases of varying complexity. The results indicated that subjects varied the number of alternative actions generated and their approaches to alternative evaluation as functions of task complexity. Experts generated more drug alternative actions, were more specific in evaluating alternative actions, and developed better plans than did novices.
Maternal anxiety and sensitive mothering behavior in diabetic and nondiabetic women
Authors: Schroeder‐Zwelling Elaine , Hock Ellen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of a high‐risk pregnancy on development of the maternal‐infant relationship, the differences in anxiety, sensitive maternal behavior, and maternal separation anxiety in diabetic and nondiabetic mothers were examined. The findings imply that a high‐risk pregnancy may not always be accompanied by increased anxiety or disturbances in sensitive maternal behavior. Questions are raised regarding the influences of demographic factors on maternal behavior and the differences that chronic versus sudden onset high‐risk pregnancy factors might have on maternal anxiety and behavior. The findings also reinforce the influence of supportive medical and nursing care throughout a high‐risk pregnancy.
Activating clinical inferences: A component of diagnostic reasoning in nursing
Authors: Westfall Una E. , Tanner Christine A. , Putzier Donnajo , Padrick Karen P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this exploratory study, nursing inferences were examined within a framework of information processing theory. Verbal responses to a patient simulation by 28 nursing students and 15 practicing nurses were used as data. Six different categories of inferences were identified. Inferences most frequently activated across educational levels were those about immediate situational concerns. Practicing nurses activated significantly more complex inferences than the student groups. In each group, the majority of inferences were activated during the first half of the encounter. These results of this preliminary analysis support the proposition that inference activation is an important component of the diagnostic reasoning process used by both nurses and nursing students.
Spirituality and well‐being in terminally ill hospitalized adults
Authors: Reed Pamela G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInitial research into the significance of spirituality among terminally ill adults was extended. Two hypotheses were examined using three groups of 100 adults matched on age, gender, education, and religious background: a) Terminally ill hospitalized adults indicate a greater spiritual perspective than nonterminally ill hospitalized adults and healthy nonhospitalized adults. b) Spiritual perspective is positively related to well‐being among terminally ill hospitalized adults. All 300 participants completed the Spiritual Perspective Scale, Index of Well‐Being, and other information. Planned comparisons analysis results supported the first hypothesis; low but significant correlation lent support to the second hypothesis. Differences among groups on recent change in spiritual views also were examined; a significantly larger number of terminally ill adults indicated a change toward increased spirituality than did nonterminally ill or healthy adults.
Health perceptions and lifestyles of the elderly
Authors: Speake Dianne L. , Cowart Marie E. , Pellet Kathleen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAdoption of a healthy lifestyle can slow physical decline and improve well being of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of six aspects of a healthy lifestyle (nutrition, exercise, stress management, self actualization, health responsibility, and interpersonal support) with selected demographic variables, perceived health status, and health locus of control in the well elderly. The sample consisted of 297 volunteers. Pearson product‐moment correlations and stepwise multiple regression procedures revealed that perceived health status and health locus of control were significant predictors of healthy lifestyles. Demographic variables, posited as modifying factors, were found to be associated with perceived health and locus of control but were not predictive of lifestyle practices.
Influences of the social network on choice and duration of breast‐feeding in mothers of preterm infants
Authors: Kaufman Karyn J. , Hall Lynne A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA prospective analytic study was conducted to examine the influences of the social network on the choice and duration of breast‐feeding among 125 mothers of preterm infants. The Influence of Specific Referents (ISR) Scale was used to measure mothers' perceptions of the wishes of seven social referents regarding feeding choice and to assess mothers' motivation to comply with their referents' wishes. Referents included family members, friends, and health care professionals. Mothers choosing to breast‐feed reported greater influence from referents than those choosing to formula‐feed. Among the 88 mothers who initiated breast‐feeding or expression, the number of supports reported by mothers was the most influential factor on duration of lactation. Women with no source of support were six times more likely to cease lactation than women with six sources of support.
Nursing turnover: An integrated model
Authors: Parasuraman Saroj 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn integrated model of turnover incorporating personal, organizational, and job experience variables as well as job attitudes and behavioral intentions as predictors of voluntary turnover among staff nurses was tested. Results confirmed the hypothesis that intention to leave would be the most immediate determinant of actual turnover. Pesonal, organizational, and job experience variables were found to influence voluntary turnover only indirectly through their effects on three attitudinal variables: felt stress, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and intention to leave. As hypothesized, the strength of the intention‐turnover relationship decreased as the time interval between expressed intentions and turnover behavior increased.
Pain location: Validity and reliability of body outline markings by hospitalized children and adolescents
Authors: Savedra Marilyn C. , Tesler Mary D. , Holzemer William L. , Wilkie Diana J. , Ward Judith Ann 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough pain location is an important assessment parameter, little research has addressed validity and reliability of a body outline in pediatric populations. In a descriptive study, validity and reliability of markings on a body outline were examined in a convenience sample of 8‐ to 17‐year‐old hospitalized children (n= 175). Children marked their pain location on a body outline. Each child then pointed to the pain location on his/her body as a nurse data collector, blind to the child's markings, recorded the location on a second body outline. Data were obtained to substantiate the pain location. Findings provide strong support for the validity and reliability of a body outline and for its inclusion in a multidimensional pediatric pain tool.
Black and latina womens' aids related knowledge, attitudes, and practices
Authors: Flaskerud Jacquelyn H. , Nyamathi Adeline M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAs part of a larger study designed to provide an AIDS education and prevention program for low‐income black and Latina women in Los Angeles County, a pilot study of black (n = 51) and Latina (n = 56) womens' AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and practices was conducted to gather baseline data and to test an instrument that would measure these variables. The factors underlying the instrument were identified and reliability coefficients were determined. The need for changes in the format and administration of the instrument was identified due to nonresponse to some items. There were sociodemographic differences between the two groups of women as well as differences in knowledge and attitudes. In general, black women had more knowledge of AIDS than Latina women and more positive attitudes. Practices did not differ. Both groups denied drug use and multiple sexual partners.
Identifying critical defining characteristics of nursing diagnoses using magnitude estimation scaling
Authors: Kinney Marguerite , Guzzetta Cathie E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe question addressed in this study was: Can the critical defining characteristics (CDCs) of nursing diagnoses be determined by magnitude estimation scaling (MES)? MES was used by having 32 nurse subjects numerically estimate the magnitude of each characteristic of anxiety and of sleep pattern disturbance on each of three concept dimensions: importance, frequency, and competency. Geometric means of the stimuli for each of the concept dimensions were computed and correlated with each other. Strong correlations between the characteristics and the concept dimensions were obtained. It was concluded that MES is a useful technique for identifying the CDCs and operational definitions of nursing diagnoses.
Symptom beliefs and actual blood glucose in type II diabetes
Authors: O'Connell Kathleen A. , Hamera Edna K. , Schorfheide Ann , Guthrie Diana 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationships of blood glucose levels to symptoms and symptom beliefs were examined in this study of persons (N=51) with Type II diabetes. Analyses revealed that 88% of the subjects had at least one symptom that was substantially correlated with blood glucose levels. However, subjects' symptom beliefs (symptoms subjects believe are the best indicators of high or low blood glucose levels) were largely unrelated to actual blood glucose levels. Thus, subjects were often mistaken about which of their symptoms were accurate indicators of blood glucose levels. Analyses also showed that the accuracy of symptom beliefs for low blood glucose was positively related to metabolic control.
Message framing, dispositional optimism, and follow‐up for abnormal papanicolaou tests
Authors: Lauver Diane , Rubin Mary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of alternatively framed messages and dispositional optimism on follow‐up for abnormal Papanicolaou tests were studied. Participants (N=116) had a mean age of 24; 94% were black, 67% had a high school education, and 82% received public assistance. A message about losses without follow‐up or gains with follow‐up was randomly given. Optimism was measured with the Life Orientation Test and attendance was defined as coming or not coming within 6 weeks of contact. Logistic regressions of attendance on framing and optimism did not reveal significant relationships. Exploratory analyses revealed that personal and familial history of disease were related to attendance. Explanations for the findings and implications for research are delineated.
Living with diabetes: Perceptions of well‐being
Authors: Lundman Berit , Asplund Kjell , Norberg Astrid 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA group of 192 adult insulin‐dependent diabetic patients free from manifest late complications were asked, through mailed questionnaires, about the influence of the disease on their daily life and about their feelings of well‐being. Well‐being was measured using 11 semantic differentials comprised of bi‐polar adjectives. Only a minority of patients reported that the disease caused them considerable problems in daily life. The greatest problems occurred in connection with regularity in daily life (26% of subjects) and diet management (24%). Although a large proportion of the patients were very concerned about retinopathy (45%), other complications were of great concern for only 10 to 25%. Younger age was significantly associated with more problems in daily life and more worries about complications. There also were associations between younger age and feelings of anxiety, lack of freedom, insecurity, and reduced self‐esteem. Most of the patients, both men and women, had a general feeling of well‐being. Living with insulin‐dependent diabetes appears to be quite consistent with experiencing well‐being and feeling fit provided that no severe complications have developed.
Pregnant moments: The process of conception in infertile couples
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete , Harris Betty Glenn , Holditch‐Davis Diane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis report is an explication of the process of conception in infertile couples as illuminated by 24 infertile couples and a comparison group of 6 couples with no fertility impairments. Employing techniques generic to grounded theory research, the investigators found that infertile couples lived conception as a series of biological and phenomenological moments. The process of biomedically‐assisted conception consisted of three components including: (a) forcing conception; (b) resolving conceptional ambiguity; and (c) reconciling conception as an idea and as an event. The findings suggest the need for a re‐examination of current orientations to pregnancy time and space and appraisal of couples' interpretations of conception. In addition, the convergence of the conception experiences of infertile and fertile couples raises questions about the meaning of normal conception in the current technological context of reproduction.
Dynamic vulcanization of recycled milk pouches (LDPE–LLDPE) and EPDM blends using dicumyl peroxide
Authors: Choudhury Arup , Adhikari Basudam 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe viability of thermomechanical recycling of post‐consumer milk pouches (blend of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)) and its scope for suitable engineering applications were investigated. The effects of blending with ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and subsequent curing using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the macromolecular structure and properties of recycled polyethylene (PE) blends were studied. The crosslinking efficiency of recycled PE/EPDM blends and possible thermooxidative degradation of recycled polymer upon peroxide curing was assessed using torque and gel content measurements along with infrared spectroscopic analysis. Both the torque and gel content of the blends varied with DCP crosslinking reactions and also were affected by oxidative degradation. In view of the electrical application area of this recycled blend material, the dielectric breakdown strength and volume resistivity were measured. The mechanical performance and thermal stability of recycled PE/EPDM blends improved with progressive crosslinking by DCP but deteriorated somewhat at higher DCP dose. Scanning electron microscopy showed good interface bonding between recycled polymer and dispersed EPDM phase in the cured blends compared to the non‐cured blends. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Differential recovery of membrane proteins after extraction by aqueous methanol and trifluoroethanol
Authors: Zhang Huoming , Lin Qingsong , Ponnusamy Sukumar , Kothandaraman Narasimhan , Lim Teck Kwang , Zhao Changqing , Kit Hon Sook , Arijit Biswas , Rauff Mary , Hew Choy‐Leong , Chung Maxey Ching Ming , Joshi Shashikant B. , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCell membrane proteome analysis is limited by inherent membrane hydrophobicity. Conventional membrane protein extraction techniques use detergents, chaotropes and organic acids that require sample clean‐up or pH adjustment, and are associated with significant sample loss. We extracted membrane proteins from red blood cells (RBCs) using methanol (MeOH), trifluoroethanol (TFE) and urea, and identified membrane proteins using 2‐D LC coupled with MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS. We show that organic solvents MeOH‐ and TFE‐based methods have membrane protein analysis efficiencies comparable to urea, and are complementary for the recovery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides. The mean grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) value of identified peptides from the TFE‐based method (−0.107) was significantly higher than that of the MeOH‐based method (−0.465) (p<0.001). Sequential and adjunctive use of the organic solvents MeOH and TFE increases the number of proteins identified, and the confidence of their identification. We show that this strategy is effective for shotgun membrane proteome analysis.