bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Child and Parent Mental Health in Primary Care: A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Communication Skills Training
Authors: Wissow Lawrence Sagin , Gadomski Anne , Roter Debra , Larson Susan , Brown Jonathan , Zachary Ciara , Bartlett Edward , Horn Ivor , Luo Xianghua , Wang Mei-Cheng 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE. We examined child and parent outcomes of training providers to engage families efficiently and to reduce common symptoms of a range of mental health problems and disorders.METHODS. Training involved three 1-hour discussions structured around video examples of family/provider communication skills, each followed by practice with standardized patients and self-evaluation. Skills targeted eliciting parent and child concerns, partnering with families, and increasing expectations that treatment would be helpful. We tested the training with providers at 13 sites in rural New York, urban Maryland, and Washington, DC. Children (5–16 years of age) making routine visits were enrolled if they screened “possible” or “probable” for mental disorders with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or if their provider said they were likely to have an emotional or behavioral problem. Children and their parents were then monitored for 6 months, to assess changes in parent-rated symptoms and impairment and parent symptoms.RESULTS. Fifty-eight providers (31 trained and 27 control) and 418 children (248 patients of trained providers and 170 patients of control providers) participated. Among the children, 72% were in the possible or probable categories. Approximately one half (54%) were white, 30% black, 12% Latino, and 4% other ethnicities. Eighty-eight percent (367 children) completed follow-up monitoring. At 6 months, minority children cared for by trained providers had greater reduction in impairment (−0.91 points) than did those cared for by control providers but no greater reduction in symptoms. Seeing a trained provider did not have an impact on symptoms or impairment among white children. Parents of children cared for by trained providers experienced greater reduction in symptoms (−1.7 points) than did those cared for by control providers.CONCLUSION. Brief provider communication training had a positive impact on parent mental health symptoms and reduced minority children's impairment across a range of problems.
Trends in Acute Otitis Media-Related Health Care Utilization by Privately Insured Young Children in the United States, 1997–2004
Authors: Zhou Fangjun , Shefer Abigail , Kong Yuan , Nuorti J. Pekka 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to estimate the population effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of acute otitis media-related ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions for &lt;2-year-old children enrolled in private insurance plans.
METHODS. We performed a retrospective analysis of a defined population by using the 1997–2004 MarketScan databases, which included an average of &gt;500000 person-years of observations for children &lt;2 years of age. Trends in rates of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-coded ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions attributable to acute otitis media were evaluated, and the national direct medical expenditures for these outcomes were estimated.
RESULTS. In a comparison of 2004 with 1997–1999 (baseline period), rates of ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions attributable to acute otitis media decreased from 2173 to 1244 visits per 1000 person-years (42.7% reduction) and from 1244 to 722 prescriptions per 1000 person-years (41.9% reduction), respectively. Total, estimated, national direct medical expenditures for acute otitis media-related ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescriptions for children &lt;2 years of age decreased from an average of $1.41 billion during 1997 to 1999 to $0.95 billion in 2004 (32.3% reduction).
CONCLUSIONS. Acute otitis media-related health care utilization and associated antibiotic prescriptions for privately insured young children decreased more than expected (on the basis of efficacy estimates in prelicensure clinical trials) after the introduction of routine 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization. Although other factors, such as clinical practice guidelines to reduce antibiotic use, might have contributed to the observed trend, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine may play an important role in reducing the burden of acute otitis media, resulting in substantial savings in medical care costs.
Further Delineation of Deletion 1p36 Syndrome in 60 Patients: A Recognizable Phenotype and Common Cause of Developmental Delay and Mental Retardation
Authors: Battaglia Agatino , Hoyme H. Eugene , Dallapiccola Bruno , Zackai Elaine , Hudgins Louanne , McDonald-McGinn Donna , Bahi-Buisson Nadia , Romano Corrado , Williams Charles A. , Brailey Lisa L. , Zuberi Sameer M. , Carey John C. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES. Deletion 1p36 syndrome is a recently delineated disorder, considered to be the most common subtelomeric microdeletion syndrome (1 in 5000 newborns). 1p36.3 deletions account for 0.5% to 1.2% of idiopathic mental retardation; thus, knowledge about the condition is important for pediatricians caring for such patients. Despite 100 reported cases, little is known about its natural history. Our aim was to delineate the natural history of deletion 1p36 and develop complete and accurate information with which to answer families' questions in the clinical setting.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. We evaluated 60 patients with the 1p36 deletion syndrome (41 female, 19 male). All underwent physical and neurologic assessments, and most received a psychological evaluation. Standard cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization of the subtelomeric regions, or array comparative genomic hybridization were used for diagnosis.
RESULTS. Fourteen cases were detected by standard cytogenetics, and 46 were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization of the subtelomeric regions or array comparative genomic hybridization. Occipitofrontal circumference was at ≤2nd centile in 95%, and height and weight ranged between the &lt;3rd and 90th centiles. All patients had straight eyebrows, deep-set eyes, midface hypoplasia, broad nasal root/bridge, long philtrum, and pointed chin. Other features included microbrachycephaly (65%), epicanthus (50%), large, late-closing anterior fontanel (77%), and posteriorly rotated, low-set, abnormal ears (40%). Brachy/camptodactyly and short feet were prominent. Seventy-one percent exhibited heart defects, including 23% with a “noncompaction cardiomyopathy.” Fifty-two percent had eye/visual abnormalities, and 64% had visual inattentiveness. Twenty-eight percent had sensorineural deafness, 41% had skeletal anomalies, 25% had abnormal genitalia, and 22% had renal abnormalities. Eighty-eight percent had central nervous system anomalies, and 44% had seizures. All patients demonstrated developmental delay with poor/absent speech; 95% had hypotonia. Twenty-six percent were able to walk alone, and 47% had a behavior disorder. Constant developmental progress was observed in all cases over time. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy and most seizures were controlled by pharmacotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS. These 60 patients with deletion 1p36 represent the largest clinical series to date and provide new information on several aspects of this disorder, which is characterized by neurodevelopmental disability and a recognizable pattern of malformation.
Effects of Basic Developmental Care on Neonatal Morbidity, Neuromotor Development, and Growth at Term Age of Infants Who Were Born at &lt;32 Weeks
Authors: Maguire Celeste M. , Veen Sylvia , Sprij Arwen J. , Le Cessie Saskia , Wit Jan M. , Walther Frans J. ,   on behalf of the Leiden Developmental Care Project
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of basic elements of developmental care (incubator covers and positioning aids) on days of respiratory support and intensive care, growth, and neuromotor development at term age in infants who were born at &lt;32 weeks’ gestation.METHODS. Infants were randomly assigned within 48 hours of birth to the developmental care group or the standard care control group (no covers or nests). The intervention continued until the infant either was transferred to a regional hospital or was discharged from the hospital. Length, weight, and head circumference were measured (bi)weekly and at term age. Neuromotor development was defined as definitely abnormal (presence of a neonatal neurologic syndrome, such as apathy or hyperexcitability, hypotonia or hypertonia, hyporeflexia or hyperreflexia, hypokinesia or hyperkinesia, or a hemisyndrome), mildly abnormal (presence of only part of such a syndrome), or normal.RESULTS. A total of 192 infants were included (developmental care: 98; control: 94). Thirteen infants (developmental care: 7; control: 6) were excluded according to protocol (admitted for less than or died within the first 5 days: n = 12; taken out at parents’ request: n = 1), which left a total of 179 infants who met inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality was 12 (13.2%) of 91 in the developmental care group and 8 (9.1%) of 88 in the control group. There was no significant difference in the number of days of respiratory support, number of intensive care days, short-term growth, or neuromotor developmental outcome at term age between the developmental care and control groups. Duration of the intervention, whether only during the intensive care period or until hospital discharge, had no significant effect on outcome.CONCLUSIONS. Providing basic developmental care in the NICU had no effect on short-term physical and neurologic outcomes in infants who were born at &lt;32 weeks’ gestation.
Clinical Utility of Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Young Children With Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Mourani Peter M. , Sontag Marci K. , Younoszai Adel , Ivy D. Dunbar , Abman Steven H. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine the clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography in predicting the presence and severity of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic lung disease who subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization.
METHODS. A retrospective review of data for all patients &lt;2 years of age with a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or lung hypoplasia who underwent echocardiography and subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization for evaluation of pulmonary hypertension was performed. The accuracy of echocardiography in diagnosing pulmonary hypertension, on the basis of estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure, was compared with the detection of pulmonary hypertension with the standard method of cardiac catheterization.
RESULTS. Thirty-one linked measurements for 25 children were analyzed. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure could be estimated in 61% of studies, but there was poor correlation between echocardiography and cardiac catheterization measures of systolic pulmonary artery pressure in these infants. Compared with cardiac catheterization measurements, echocardiographic estimates of systolic pulmonary artery pressure diagnosed correctly the presence or absence of pulmonary hypertension in 79% of the studies in which systolic pulmonary artery pressure was estimated but determined the severity of pulmonary hypertension (severe pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary/systemic pressure ratio of ≥0.67) correctly in only 47% of those studies. Seven (58%) of 12 children without estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure demonstrated pulmonary hypertension during subsequent cardiac catheterization. In the absence of estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure, qualitative echocardiographic findings, either alone or in combination, had worse predictive value for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.
CONCLUSION. As used in clinical practice, echocardiography often identifies pulmonary hypertension in young children with chronic lung disease; however, estimates of systolic pulmonary artery pressure were not obtained consistently and were not reliable for determining the severity of pulmonary hypertension.
Hospital-Based Influenza Vaccination of Children: An Opportunity to Prevent Subsequent Hospitalization
Authors: Zerr Danielle M. , Englund Janet A. , Robertson Andrea S. , Marcuse Edgar K. , Garrison Michelle M. , Christakis Dimitri A. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE. We performed this study to determine the frequency of previous hospitalization among children hospitalized with influenza.
METHODS. The Pediatric Health Information System database (discharges that occurred between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2006) was used to determine the proportion of children hospitalized with influenza or respiratory illness who had a previous hospitalization during the most recent influenza-vaccination season. Subjects included pediatric patients (through 18 years of age). The index hospitalization was defined as the first influenza or respiratory illness hospitalization for a child that occurred during the study period and between November 1 and April 30. A previous hospitalization during the most recent influenza-vaccination season was defined as a hospitalization for any reason in the 0.5 to 6 months before the index hospitalization but not before September 1 or on or after March 1.
RESULTS. Overall, 16% of children hospitalized with influenza and 12% of children hospitalized with influenza or a respiratory illness had a previous hospitalization during the most recent influenza-vaccination season. Approximately 23% of the children hospitalized with influenza and a comorbidity had a previous hospitalization during the most recent influenza-vaccination season.
CONCLUSION. Hospital-based programs for influenza vaccination have the potential to reach children at highest risk of influenza complications and to reduce the rates of pediatric hospitalization for treatment of influenza-related illness.
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Mediated Treatment for Periodontitis in Miniature Swine
Authors: Liu Yi , Zheng Ying , Ding Gang , Fang Dianji , Zhang Chunmei , Bartold Peter Mark , Gronthos Stan , Shi Songtao , Wang Songlin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPeriodontitis is a periodontal tissue infectious disease and the most common cause for tooth loss in adults. It has been linked to many systemic disorders, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and diabetes. At present, there is no ideal therapeutic approach to cure periodontitis and achieve optimal periodontal tissue regeneration. In this study, we explored the potential of using autologous periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to treat periodontal defects in a porcine model of periodontitis. The periodontal lesion was generated in the first molars area of miniature pigs by the surgical removal of bone and subsequent silk ligament suture around the cervical portion of the tooth. Autologous PDLSCs were obtained from extracted teeth of the miniature pigs and then expanded ex vivo to enrich PDLSC numbers. When transplanted into the surgically created periodontal defect areas, PDLSCs were capable of regenerating periodontal tissues, leading to a favorable treatment for periodontitis. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using stem cell-mediated tissue engineering to treat periodontal diseases.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Decentralized collection of iodinated x-ray contrast media in hospitals–results of the feasibility study and the practice test phase
Authors: Heinzmann Bernd , Schwarz Rolf-Jürgen , Schuster Petra , Pineau Claire 
Published: February 2008

Iodinated x-ray contrast media are unmetabolized and almost completely with the urine in 24 hours emitted in the wastewater after their application by human being. These very polar, hydrophilic and hardly biodegradable substances have already been detected in the water cycle. The objective of this R&D project is the collection of the x-ray contrast media already at the source in the hospital and so the avoidance of an emission in the water cycle.
Three concepts have been developed in the scope of this R&D project: a centralized collection concept with a no-mix toilet in the radiology unit, a decentralized collection concept featuring a no-mix toilet for every of the ward and another decentralized collection concept with mobile urine containers for the wards. The evaluation of the collection concepts has taken systematically into consideration costs, acceptance and a value benefit analysis. The feasibility study has shown that a separated collection of iodinated x-ray contrast media in hospitals is possible through the implementation of a decentralized urine collection concept using mobile urine containers.
This decentralised collection concept was tested in each case on one main focus ward of two representative German hospitals for 20 weeks. In both wards of the hospitals around 60% of patients with an examination of x-ray contrast media took part in the voluntary urine collection. The AOX arose from the iodinated x-ray contrast media in the collected urine. The averaged measured AOI concentration in the patient's urine was 18 g/l. The total costs, formed by the costs for staff, material and disposal, were estimated at 10 € per patient, 7 € per litre urine and approximate 380 € per kilogramme iodine for the separated urine collection in hospitals. The main part of the total costs is formed by the costs for staff with around 80%.
This R&D project has shown that the separated collection of the patients' urine with a simple and decentralised collection concept with mobile urine containers in hospitals can be carried out hygienically and safely. A transfer of this decentralised collection concept to pharmaceuticals which are excreted with urine is possible.
Effects of carprofen on the integrity and barrier function of canine colonic mucosa
Authors: Briere Catherine A. , Hosgood Giselle , Morgan Timothy W. , Hedlund Cheryl S. , Hicks Merrin , McConnico Rebecca S. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To measure effects of carprofen on conductance and permeability to mannitol and histologic appearance in canine colonic mucosa.
Sample Population—Colonic mucosa from 13 mature mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Sections of mucosa from the transverse colon and proximal and distal portions of the descending colon were obtained immediately after dogs were euthanized. Sections were mounted in Ussing chambers. Carprofen (400 μg/mL) was added to the bathing solution for treated sections. Conductance was calculated at 15-minute intervals for 240 minutes. Flux of mannitol was calculated for three 1-hour periods. Histologic examination of sections was performed after experiments concluded. Conductance was graphed against time for each chamber, and area under each curve was calculated. Conductance × time, flux of mannitol, and frequency distribution of histologic findings were analyzed for an effect of region and carprofen.
Results—Carprofen significantly increased mean conductance × time, compared with values for control (untreated) sections for all regions of colon. Carprofen significantly increased mean flux of mannitol from period 1 to period 2 and from period 2 to period 3 for all regions of colon. Carprofen caused a significant proportion of sections to have severe sloughing of cells and erosions involving ≥ 10% of the epithelium, compared with control sections.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Carprofen increased in vitro conductance and permeability to mannitol in canine colonic mucosa. Carprofen resulted in sloughing of cells and erosion of the colonic mucosa. These findings suggested that carprofen can compromise the integrity and barrier function of the colonic mucosa of dogs.
Minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in captive thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha)
Authors: Mercado Julio A. , Larsen R. Scott , Wack Raymund F. , Pypendop Bruno H. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha).
Animals—15 healthy thick-billed parrots.
Procedures—Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. In the first bird that was anesthetized, end-tidal isoflurane concentration was maintained at 1.0% for 15 minutes. After this period of anesthetic equilibration, an end-tidal gas sample was obtained for verification of isoflurane concentration. A toe was pinched to determine the bird's response to pain, and the bird was then allowed to recover from aesthesia. To determine MAC, a so-called up-and-down approach was subsequently used in all 15 birds. Compared with the isoflurane concentration used for MAC determination in the first bird, maintenance isoflurane concentration for the second bird was increased by approximately 10% if the first bird reacted and decreased by approximately 10% if the first bird did not react to a toe pinch. These steps were then followed until all 15 birds had been anesthetized. Crossover events occurred when birds in sequence had discordant results (ie, 1 reactor and 1 nonreactor). The MAC was defined as the mean of the isoflurane concentrations measured during these crossover events.
Results—Mean MAC of isoflurane in thick-billed parrots was estimated to be 1.07% (95% confidence interval, 0.97% to 1.16%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Isoflurane MAC appears to be lower in thick-billed parrots than the MAC determined for other bird species. Determination of the species-specific requirements of thick-billed parrots should allow isoflurane anesthesia to be performed more safely in this endangered species.
Inheritance of cataracts and primary lens luxation in Jack Russell Terriers
Authors: Oberbauer Anita M. , Hollingsworth Steven R. , Belanger Janelle M. , Regan Kelly R. , Famula Thomas R. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To characterize heritability and mode of inheritance of cataracts and primary lens luxation in Jack Russell Terriers.
Animals—872 Jack Russell Terriers from which buccal epithelial cells were collected and phenotypes for cataracts and lens luxation were determined and an additional 1,898 Jack Russell Terriers without phenotypic information used to complete pedigree relationships and that were included in the analyses.
Procedures—Narrow-sense heritabilities and genetic correlation for cataracts and lens luxation were modeled by use of threshold analysis, whereas complex segregation analysis was used to characterize mode of inheritance. For the analyses, dogs < 6 years old, unless confirmed as having cataracts or lens luxation, were classified as an unknown phenotype. The possible involvement of an HSF4 mutation in cataracts was determined by DNA sequencing.
Results—Cataracts and primary lens luxation were highly heritable and genetically correlated, and neither was controlled by a single gene. Cataracts were not associated with an HSF4 mutation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of the data indicated that concerted selection against both cataracts and primary lens luxation when choosing breeding animals can be used to improve ocular health in Jack Russell Terriers.