bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stopped-flow-optical and -ESR Study on Oxidative Reaction of Quercetin by Nitrosodisulfonate Radical as a Model of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Hodaka Sanuki , Komatsu-Watanabe Rushiru , Ideguchi Tomoko , Sakamoto Shunji , Ichimori Kohji , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
By means of the stopped-flow-ESR and -optical methods, oxidation of quercetin by nitrsodisulfonate (NDS) radical anion was studied. The results of optical measurements demonstrated that NDS readily oxidize quercetin to the quinone form. The rapid field-sweep ESR spectrum revealed the formation of short-lived quercetin-derived o-semiquinone anion radical. The radical was confirmed to be a transient intermediate species for generation of the quinone of form.
Stability of Partial Doses of Omeprazole–Sodium Bicarbonate Oral Suspension
Authors: Johnson Cary E , Cober Mary Petrea , Ludwig Jennifer L 
Published: October 2007

Background: Omeprazole-sodium bicarbonate powder for oral suspension has recently been marketed. The manu facturer provides no information regarding the acceptability of using partial doses and recommends that the reconstituted suspension be administered immediately after preparation. Objectives: To determine the stability of the powder for oral suspension over 45 days, evaluate the stability of a partial dose (<20 mg) following exposure to Simulated Gastric Fluid USP (SGF) over 2 hours, and determine the feasibility of administering the suspension through neonatal and pediatric nasogastric feeding tubes compared with lansoprazole. Methods: Three identical samples of omeprazole–sodium bicarbonate suspension 2 mg/mL were stored in the refrigerator (3–5°C) and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography immediately after preparation and at 7, 15, 30, and 45 days. Stability of a 1 mg/kg dose with an estimated volume of SGF for a simulated 12.7 kg pediatric patient was determined In triplicate over 2 hours at 37°C. The ability to administer a typical dose of omeprazole suspension and lansoprazole suspension (microgranules and water compounded from lansoprazole oral disintegrating tablets) was assessed in triplicate using 3 different sizes of neonatal/pediatric nasogastric feeding tubes. Results: At least 98% of the initial concentration of omeprazole remained throughout the 45 day study period in all suspensions. The suspension maintained at least 93% of the initial concentration following exposure to SGF for 2 hours. The lansoprazole bead mixture partially clogged the 6 French feeding tube and completely clogged the 5 French feeding tube. The omeprazole-sodium bicarbonate suspension was easily administered through all 3 sizes of neonatal/pediatric feeding tubes. Conclusions: Omeprazole-sodium bicarbonate suspension 2 mg/mL prepared from 20 mg packets was stable for at least 45 days when stored at 3–5°C. A partial dose of 12.7 mg was stable following exposure to SGF for 2 hours at 37°C. This suspension can be easily administered through 5, 6, and 8 French neonatal/pediatric feeding tubes and, when taking time and ease of preparation into account, it is cost competitive with simple omeprazole suspension.
Tobramycin-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Nisly Sarah A , Ray Shaunta' M , Moye Robert A 
Published: October 2007

Objective: To report a case of tobramycin-induced hepatotoxicity. Case Summary: A 20-year-old female was hospitalized for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and osteomyelitis. Empiric intravenous antibiotic therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin was started, and based on the results of culture and sensitivity testing, was changed to intravenous ceftazidime and tobramycin 70 mg every 8 hours on hospital day 3. Liver enzyme levels then increased over days 3–6. Tests for hepatitis A, B, and C were all nonreactive, and HIV testing was negative. On day 8, therapy was changed from ceftazidime to piperacillin/tazobactam and the tobramycin dose was increased to 100 mg every 8 hours. Due to a continued increase in total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, piperacillin/tazobactam was discontinued and aztreonam was started on day 10. All antibiotics were stopped on day 12 and the elevated liver parameters began to decrease. Aztreonam and ciprofloxacin were restarted on day 16, and most laboratory test results returned to baseline levels by day 19; total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase decreased to lower than baseline values. Discussion: This case illustrates a possible occurrence of tobramycin-induced hepatotoxicity. Liver enzymes rose when tobramycin therapy was initiated, markedly increased when the tobramycin dose was increased, then resolved upon discontinuation of therapy. Other medication-related causes were ruled out by temporal relationship or rechallenge (aztreonam). Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible relationship between hepatotoxicity and tobramycin therapy. Other adverse reaction scales specific for evaluation of drug-induced liver disease were also used. Both the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences and Maria and Victorino scales indicated a probable likelihood of tobramycin-induced hepatotoxicity. This patient was not rechallenged with tobramycin due to the highly suggestive timeline present, lack of specific symptoms, and unnecessary risk to the patient. Conclusions: Although no other case reports on this interaction have been published through October 9, 2007, historical data from tertiary sources reveal the possibility of aminoglycoside-induced hepatotoxicity; therefore, tobramycin-induced hepatotoxicity cannot be ruled out in this patient. Clinicians should be aware of this adverse event.
Propofol Associated with a Shorter Duration of Mechanical Ventilation than Scheduled Intermittent Lorazepam: A Database Analysis Using Project Impact
Authors: Fong Jeffrey J , Kanji Salmaan , Dasta Joseph F , Garpestad Erik , Devlin John W 
Published: October 2007

Background: While one prospective controlled study in medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients demonstrated that sedation with propofol leads to a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared with scheduled intermittent intravenous lorazepam, its conclusions may not be applicable to surgical ICU patients and institutions not using daily sedation interruption. Objective: To compare the duration of mechanical ventilation between medical and surgical ICU patients receiving propofol versus scheduled intermittent lorazepam in routine clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective data (January 2001–December 2005) were obtained from the Project IMPACT database for medical and surgical ICU patients at Tufts-New England Medical Center, a 450 bed academic hospital. These patients had been mechanically ventilated for 24 hours or more and had received 24 hours or more of either propofol or scheduled intermittent lorazepam as the sole sedative. Clinically relevant variables were identified a priori, and their influence on duration of mechanical ventilation was evaluated. Differences in these variables between propofol and scheduled intermittent lorazepam groups within the ICU cohorts were then measured. Results: Of 4608 database patients, 287 met criteria. Factors associated with a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation for the medical ICU cohort included sedation use for 5 or more days (OR 13.8; 95% CI 8.3 to 19.4), narcotic use (OR 7.6; 95% CI 2.3 to 13), and scheduled intermittent lorazepam use (OR 7.0; 95% CI 0.4 to 13.7). For the surgical ICU cohort, these factors included sedation use for 5 or more days (OR 15; 95% CI 11.4 to 19.4), APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score equal to or greater than 18 (OR 4.1; 95% CI 0.4 to 7.8), and scheduled intermittent lorazepam use (OR 4.0; 95% CI 0.2 to 7.7). Duration of mechanical ventilation was the only variable that differed significantly between propofol and scheduled intermittent lorazepam in both the medical ICU, with a median (range) of 6 (3–12) versus 11 (5–25; p = 0.03), and surgical ICU, with a median of 4 (2–15) versus 9 (4–20; p = 0.001), groups. Conclusions: Sedation with propofol in the naturalistic setting appears to be associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared with scheduled intermittent lorazepam in both medial and surgical ICU patients when only one sedative drug is used. Data from this uncontrolled observational study are consistent with findings from a randomized clinical trial.
Militant Politics and Avant-garde Performance Art in the Early Futurist Movement
Authors: Berghaus Günter 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Published and archival documents in Italian archives reveal how Marinetti sought to fuse art and life in order to foster an action-oriented (rather than reflective) artistic practice. Of particular interest is the Futurist political engagement in Anarchist and Syndicalist circles, and the impact of this on Futurist artistic practices in the 1910s. Selected examples from the theatrical genres of Serate and Public Actions and their relation to the beaux gestes libertaires of the Anarchist movement illustrate why the self-proclaimed Anarchist avant-garde and Futurism could not join forces in order to activate a country deeply steeped in traditionalism. Paradoxically, Futurism dealt more successfully with the bourgeoisie than with the revolutionary Left.
Dada as Politics
Authors: Bru Sascha 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
European Dada can be read as a political force in its own right. A stubborn contradiction has been at work in Dada studies: European Dada has been institutionally framed with models derived from the socially relatively stable late nineteenth century, but consensus also has it that Dada emerged in times of instability and contingency. The cultural instability of Zurich and Berlin forced Dada, and Richard Huelsenbeck in particular, to operate in a sphere that was both literary and political. The texts and poetics of Dada reveal its cultural project: to reclaim literature's social status in times of extreme politicisation.
How to Do Things With Poems Performativity in the Poetry of C.P. Cavafy
Authors: Boletsi Maria 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The theory of the performative – in its initial version by J.L. Austin and in its poststructuralist revisions – allows us to explore speech acts within C.P. Cavafy's poem as well as how his poems themselves can function as performatives. Performativity in these poems functions along four interrelated planes of performance, all of which are central to Cavafy's poetry: the erotic, the theatrical/public, the historical, and the linguistic. Recurring instances of “infelicitous” performatives in Cavafy's poems, especially unkept promises, reveal the critical and creative potential of this infelicity. The repeated failures and communicative gaps in the poems nevertheless work towards a notion of a felicitous poetic event, in which failure is transformed into a critical act and a motivating force for practices of constant revaluation.
Istanbul, 1945 Erich Auerbach's Philology of Extremity
Authors: Pourciau Sarah 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Erich Auerbach's Mimesis has a profoundly pessimistic conclusion. The present paper takes seriously the consequences of the apocalyptic rhetoric therein introduced for Auerbach's humanist historicist project, arguing that Auerbach holds responsible his own brand of secular humanism – whose story his book tells and whose method it implements – for the “Nivellierungseffekt” he so clearly deplores. As an exile on the outskirts of European space and time (Istanbul, 1945), Auerbach possesses a privileged philological perspective from which to synthesize a history nearing its end; the techniques he employs in order to do so, however, are for him complicit in the destruction. The final chapter of Mimesis, so often considered a weak point of the work, provides a condensed and lyrical account of this predicament.
Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase Prevents Advanced Glycation End Product–Mediated Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy Through a Protein Kinase C-α–Dependent Pathway
Authors: Thallas-Bonke Vicki , Thorpe Suzanne R. , Coughlan Melinda T. , Fukami Kei , Yap Felicia Y.T. , Sourris Karly C. , Penfold Sally A. , Bach Leon A. , Cooper Mark E. , Forbes Josephine M. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Since NADPH oxidase activation is closely linked to other putative pathways, its interaction with changes in protein kinase C (PKC) and increased advanced glycation was examined.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Streptozotocin-induced diabetic or nondiabetic Sprague Dawley rats were followed for 32 weeks, with groups randomized to no treatment or the NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor apocynin (15 mg · kg−1 · day−1; weeks 16–32). Complementary in vitro studies were performed in which primary rat mesangial cells, in the presence and absence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-BSA, were treated with either apocynin or the PKC-α inhibitor Ro-32-0432.
RESULTS—Apocynin attenuated diabetes-associated increases in albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. Circulating, renal cytosolic, and skin collagen–associated AGE levels in diabetic rats were not reduced by apocynin. Diabetes-induced translocation of PKC, specifically PKC-α to renal membranes, was associated with increased NADPH-dependent superoxide production and elevated renal, serum, and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. In both diabetic rodents and in AGE-treated mesangial cells, blockade of NADPH oxidase or PKC-α attenuated cytosolic superoxide and PKC activation and increased VEGF. Finally, renal extracellular matrix accumulation of fibronectin and collagen IV was decreased by apocynin.
CONCLUSIONS—In the context of these and previous findings by our group, we conclude that activation of NADPH oxidase via phosphorylation of PKC-α is downstream of the AGE–receptor for AGE interaction in diabetic renal disease and may provide a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
Partial Pancreatectomy in Adult Humans Does Not Provoke β-Cell Regeneration
Authors: Menge Bjoern A. , Tannapfel Andrea , Belyaev Orlin , Drescher Robert , Müller Christophe , Uhl Waldemar , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Meier Juris J. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—β-Cell regeneration has been proposed as a possible treatment for diabetes, but the capacity for new β-cell formation in humans is yet unclear. In young rats, partial pancreatectomy prompts new β-cell formation to restore β-cell mass. We addressed the following questions: In adult humans: 1) Does partial pancreatectomy provoke new β-cell formation and increased β-cell mass? 2) Is β-cell turnover increased after partial pancreatectomy?
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Protocol 1: human pancreatic tissue was collected from 13 patients who underwent two consecutive partial pancreas resections, and markers of cell turnover were determined in both tissue samples, respectively. Protocol 2: pancreas volumes were determined from abdominal computer tomography scans, performed in 17 patients on two separate occasions after partial pancreatectomy.
RESULTS—Protocol 1: fasting glucose concentrations increased significantly after the 50% pancreatectomy (P = 0.01), but the fractional β-cell area of the pancreas remained unchanged (P = 0.11). β-Cell proliferation, the overall replication index (Ki67 staining), and the percentage of duct cells expressing insulin were similar before and after the partial pancreatectomy. The overall frequency of apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling) was slightly increased following the partial pancreatectomy (P = 0.02). Protocol 2: pancreatic volume was ∼50% reduced to 35.6 ± 2.6 ccm3 by the partial pancreatectomy. The total pancreatic volume was unchanged after an interval of 247 ± 160 days (35.4 ± 2.7 ccm3; P = 0.51).
CONCLUSIONS—Unlike in rodents, a 50% pancreatectomy does not prompt β-cell regeneration in adult humans. This explains the high incidence of diabetes after pancreatic resections. Such differences in β-cell turnover between rodents and humans should be born in mind when evaluating new treatment options aiming to restore β-cell mass in patients with diabetes.
Exercise Stress Testing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: When Are Asymptomatic Patients Screened?
Authors: Harris George D. , White Russell D. 
Published: October 2007

IN BRIEF
There are no evidence-based guidelines for screening asymptomatic diabetic patients for coronary artery disease (CAD). One well-studied screening tool is exercise treadmill testing. Many diabetic patients with no symptoms of CAD have abnormal stress tests. For asymptomatic patients, identification of cardiovascular risk factors and risk stratification may help physicians justify the performance of treadmill evaluation. Patients considering moderate or vigorous exercise and those at highest risk can undergo exercise stress testing with referral for further evaluation as indicated. For patients with decreased exercise capacity, inability to reach target heart rates, or absence of chest pain during exercise, stress nuclear imaging may be more valuable than exercise electrocardiograph testing.
Excess turbulence as a cause of turbohypobiosis in cultivation of microorganisms
Authors: Rikmanis Maris , Berzinš Andrejs , Viesturs Uldis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present review describes the influence of different types of mixing systems under excess turbulence conditions on microorganisms. Turbohypobiosis phenomena were described by applying a method for measurement of the kinetic energy of flow fluctuations based on the piezoeffect. It can be assumed that the shear stress effect (the state of turbohypobiosis) plays a role mainly when alternative mechanisms in cells cannot ensure a normal physiological state under stress conditions. Practically any system (inner construction of a bioreactor, culture and cultivation conditions, including mixing) requires its own optimisation to achieve the final goal, namely, the maximum product and/or biomass yields from substrate (YP/S or/and YX/S), respectively. Data on the biotechnological performance of cultivation as well as power input, kinetic energy (e) of flow fluctuations, air consumption rate, rotational speed, tip speed, etc. do not correlate directly if the mixing systems (impellers-baffles) are dissimilar. Even the widely used specific power consumption cannot be relied upon for scaling up the cultivation performance using dissimilar mixing systems. A biochemical explanation for substrate and product transport via cell walls, carbon pathways, energy generation and utilisation, etc. furnishes insight into cellular interactions with turbulence of different origin for different types of microorganisms (single cells, mycelia forming cells, etc.).
Proteomics of RNA polymerase II holoenzymes during P19 cardiomyogenesis
Authors: Maes Olivier 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe embryonal carcinoma P19 model has allowed the elucidation of a role for several transcription factors in cell differentiation. Here, the regulation of the RNA polymerase II machinery has been explored through its association with multifunctional complexes involved in transcription. An interaction proteomics analysis of TFIIS-purified RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) holoenzymes during cardiomyogenesis is described. Modifications of protein complexes that may be associated with transcriptionally active and activator responsive RNAPII holoenzymes were detected in a serum and DMSO dependent manner. Subunits of the PAF1 and Mediator complexes were correlated with holoenzymes from non-differentiated and terminally differentiated P19 cultures respectively. Moreover, high levels of nucleolin were identified in all forms of holoenzymes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and suggest that nucleolin could bind to RNAPII and TFIIS. Several proteins that were identified in the RNAPII holoenzymes are known to have functions in mRNA processing and may bind to nucleolin. A novel function for nucleolin is proposed as a possible pivotal platform between transcription, mRNA processing and export.
Performance analysis of an innovative multimode, multisalt and multieffect chemisorption refrigeration system
Authors: Li T. X. , Wang R. Z. , Oliveira R. G. , Wang L. W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe conceptual design of an innovative multimode, multisalt and multieffect solid‐gas chemisorption refrigeration system with evaporation and resorption processes is presented. In the proposed system, both the evaporation heat of the refrigerant during adsorption process and the reaction heat of the low‐temperature salt during resorption process are employed to provide useful cooling. The reaction heat of the high‐temperature salt is recovered for the regeneration process of the middle temperature salt. The presented system has the distinct advantage of larger cooling capacity per unit of heat input in comparison with other types of sorption refrigeration systems, based exclusively on evaporation or resorption. To identify the expected COP of the proposed system, two groups of working pairs containing metal chlorides and ammonia were analyzed. The ideal coefficient of performance (COP) can be improved by more than 59 to 169% if compared to the COP obtained with other kinds of cycle. When the sensible heats of the reactant, the refrigerant and the metallic part of the reactors are considered in the calculation of the COP, this figure can reach values between 0.91 and 1.80, according to the salts employed and the mass ratio between the metallic part of the reactor and the salt. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
A new generation of fibers from alginic acid for dressing materials
Authors: Mikołajczyk Teresa , Wołowska‐Czapnik Dorota , Boguń Maciej 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe developed and elaborated manufacturing conditions for the production of alginic acid fibers with high sorption properties. The fibers' tenacity obtained at a level of 16 cN/tex is suitable for textile processing these fibers, and will make it possible to produce a new generation of highly absorptive dressing materials. The presence of acid groups in the fiber‐forming material allows us to use them for the addition of new generation antibiotics, which makes it possible to extend the antibacterial effects of these fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008