bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflex laryngospasm induced by stimulation of distal esophageal afferents
Authors: Bauman Nancy M. , Sandler Anthony D. , Schmidt Charles , Maher James W. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDistal esophageal sensory nerves were stimulated in 17 anesthetized dogs divided into three age groups to determine the laryngeal, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects. Group I puppies were 5 to 6 weeks of age, group II puppies were 8 to 19 weeks of age, and group III animals were adult dogs. Marked laryngeal adductor activity and laryngospasm were observed in group II puppies, while no or minimal laryngeal adduction was seen in younger puppies and adult dogs. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased significantly in groups II and III (P<.005) but remained unchanged in group I animals (P>.4). This response is distinctly different from the laryngeal chemoreflex because central apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia were absent. The afferent limb of the response is mediated by the vagus nerve as bilateral transthoracic truncal vagotomy eliminated the reflex. The laryngeal response observed following stimulation of distal esophageal afferent fibers may be important in the mechanism of apparent life‐threatening events (ALTEs) and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The effect of nifedipine on skin flap survival in rats
Authors: Bailet Jeffrey W. , Hoffman Larry F. , Trachy Ronald E. , Weymuller Ernest A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMaintaining the viability of an extended skin flap remains one of the continuing challenges in reconstructive surgery. As flaps lengthen, viability becomes more unpredictable and necrosis of distal segments can occur. The specific mechanisms involved in determining flap survival remain unclear, but vasoconstriction within the flap microcirculation appears to play a significant role in regulating flap viability. Vasodilators have been used, with limited success, in an attempt to improve survival of ischemic skin flaps in rats. One such agent, nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, demonstrated conflicting results when used to improve rat skin flap survival, despite its potent vasodilating properties. A standard rat flap model was used to help clarify the potential of nifedipine to salvage ischemic skin flaps. Alterations in flap perfusion were assessed using a laser Doppler flowmeter and dermofluorometry in an attempt to characterize nifedipine's mechanism of action on flap preservation. Increased flap survival was demonstrated in treatment animals when compared to controls. Despite significant improvement in flap viability, perfusion measurements failed to confirm increased flow within the flap microcirculation. Although the mechanisms of action remain speculative, nifedipine may have important therapeutic potential in improving skin flap survival in a clinical setting.
Elective carotid artery resection for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the neck
Authors: Brennan Joseph A. , Jafek Bruce W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors performed a retrospective review of their 10‐year experience of carotid artery resection without revascularization for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the neck. From 1982 to 1991, seven patients underwent elective carotid artery resection without reconstruction at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver. A vascular clamp with gradual carotid occlusion was placed preoperatively on four patients and awake temporary balloon occlusion of the carotid was used on three patients. The primary lesions were three laryngeal carcinomas, two oral cavity carcinomas, and two hypopharyngeal carcinomas. All seven resected specimens showed invasion of the carotid fascia on pathological exam, while five specimens exhibited actual destruction of the arterial wall. Cerebrovascular accidents occurred in two patients (one immediate and one delayed), and the perioperative mortality was 29% (one cerebrovascular accident and one gastrointestinal bleed). The five remaining patients died of locoregional recurrence or metastatic disease within 1 year after their carotid artery resection.Resection of the common or internal carotid artery without reconstruction has a significant morbidity and mortality. This operation did not improve the long‐term survival in our limited series of patients who presented with histologically proven invasion of the carotid artery.
Noninvasive optical diagnosis of bacteria causing otitis media
Authors: Werkhaven J. A. , Reinisch L. , Sorrell M. , Tribble J. , Ossoff R. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrently, the identification of the bacteria responsible for acute otitis media requires a painful invasive procedure: tympanocentesis. To develop a rapid and noninvasive technique for bacterial diagnosis, the fluorescence profiles of four common pathogens and the optical characteristics of the tympanic membrane have been investigated. Each bacterium produces a unique in vitro fluorescence profile when measured in a saline suspension. Also, spectrally resolved transmission measurements from the chinchilla tympanic membrane demonstrate an optical window that will transmit sufficient light for in vivo measurement of the fluorescence profiles. Thus, we have established the precept for a fluorescence‐based bacterial diagnosis technique to be used in otitis media. This paper presents the theory, optical data, and a discussion of the device engineering involved in the technique.
Otopathology in a case of multichannel cochlear implantation
Authors: Nadol Joseph B. , Ketten Darlene R. , Burgess Barbara J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe histopathology of the temporal bones of a patient who died of unrelated causes 10 weeks following cochlear implantation using a Richards Ineraid® device is presented. Deafness was caused by a prolonged course of intravenous gentamycin therapy 5 years prior to implantation.The electrode array of the cochlear implant was left in situ throughout histologic preparation and sectioning. Despite displacement and disruption of supporting structures of the inner ear, particularly in the 6‐to‐15‐mm range as measured from the round window, there was no significant difference in the mean densities of spiral ganglion cells in the implanted and unimplanted sides.This case is presented as evidence that despite significant disruption of supporting elements of the inner ear, which is common during cochlear implantation, there appears to be little effect on the residual spiral ganglion cell count, at least in the short term.
Bacteriology of antrum in adults with chronic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Erkan Mustafa , Aslan Tahsin , Özcan Mustafa , Koç Nedret 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSwabs of 126 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during endoscopy. Bacterial growth was present in 113 of 126 specimens (90%). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 100 of 113 culture‐positive specimens (88%). Anaerobes only were recovered in 59 cases (52%) and, in 41 (36%), they were mixed with aerobic or facultative bacteria. Aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 13 cases (12%). A total of 323 isolates (2.8 per specimen), 228 (2.3 per specimen) anaerobes and 95 (1.7 per specimen) aerobes or facultatives, were isolated. The predominant anaerobic organisms were anaerobic cocci and Bacteroides species; the predominant aerobes or facultative bacteria were Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in chronic sinusitis.
Laryngeal microsurgery under general anesthesia using small‐bore endotracheal tubes: Blood gas analysis
Authors: Altissimi Guido , Gallucci Luigi , Prattichizzo Lidia , Arcamone Dorina , Monacelli Carla 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study reports variations observed under general anesthesia through small‐bore endotracheal tubes in Po2, Pco2, Hco3, percentage saturation of O2, and pH levels in 39 patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery lasting from 10 to 100 minutes. The tendency to an increase in Pco2 levels reached statistical significance only at the 100th minute but did not constitute a risk for patients as values remained within the limits of “permitted hypercapnia.” Po2, percentage saturation of oxygen, and Hco3 levels did not vary significantly. pH values tended to fall (respiratory acidosis) in correlation to the increase in Pco2. Small‐bore endotracheal tubes can safely be used for laryngeal microsurgery when operating times are not longer than 100 minutes.
Warthin's tumor: A 40‐year experience at the johns hopkins hospital
Authors: Yoo George H. , Eisele David W. , Driben Jeffrey S. , Johns Michael E. , Askin Frederic B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWarthin's tumor previously has been thought to occur much more commonly in men than in women and rarely in African Americans. One hundred thirty‐two cases of Warthin's tumor treated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1952 to 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 90 (68%) men and 42 (32%) women, with an overall man‐to‐woman ratio of 2.2:1. The number and percentage of women with Warthin's tumor increased over each consecutive decade: 1952 to 1962, 5 (21%); 1963 to 1972, 6 (29%); 1973 to 1982, 11 (31%); and 1983 to 1992, 20 (39%). A positive smoking history was found in 88% of the men and in 89% of the women with a Warthin's tumor. Eleven (8%) African Americans and 1 (0.75%) Asian American were diagnosed to have a Warthin's tumor. Also, the incidence of African Americans with a Warthin's tumor increased over each decade: 0 (0%), 1 (4.8%), 2 (5.5%), and 8 (16%). This study's results indicate a progressive increase in the occurrence of this tumor in women and in African Americans and a higher overall incidence in African Americans than previously reported.
The effect of blood on laser‐resistant endotracheal tube combustion
Authors: Sosis Mitchel B. , Pritikin Jordan B. , Caldarelli David D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe protection afforded against CO2 laser‐induced combustion by five different types of tracheal tubes or protective foil wraps was evaluated. They were compared before and after the application of human blood to their external surfaces. The tracheal tubes tested were polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes wrapped with VentureTM copper (Cu) foil tape, 3MTM aluminum (A1) foil tape, and the Laser‐GuardTM protective coating. The Xomed Laser Shield IFTM and Mallinckrodt Laser‐FlexTM tracheal tubes were also tested. A CO2 laser set to 38 W in the continuous mode was directed at the shaft of the tracheal tube under study, which had 5 L/min of oxygen flowing through it. The laser was actuated for 90 seconds or until combustion or melting occurred.The copper foil‐wrapped and aluminum foil‐wrapped PVC tracheal tubes were unaffected by 90 seconds of laser fire in five trials with each type of tape. However, the application of blood to the foil wrapped PVC tracheal tube shafts resulted in combustion in 3 of 5 copper foil‐wrapped tubes and melting of the underlying tracheal tube shaft in 3 of 5 aluminum foil‐wrapped PVC tracheal tubes. Blood did not affect the protection afforded by the Laser‐GuardTM coating when it was applied to the shafts of PVC tracheal tubes. Similarly, the Xomed Laser Shield IFTM tracheal tube's shaft offered good protection from the laser both before and after application of blood. Combustion occurred in 1 of 4 Mallinckrodt Laser FlexTM tracheal tubes studied prior to the application of blood. The application of blood resulted in almost immediate combustion in all 4 Mallinckrodt Laser FlexTM tracheal tubes tested.The presence of blood on the surface of metallic foil‐wrapped or special tracheal tubes may make laser‐induced combustion more likely during airway surgery. However, the Laser‐GuardTM protective coating and the Xomed Laser‐Shield IFTM tracheal tube provide good protection even when covered with blood.
Effect of anesthetic gas on middle ear fluid
Authors: Tom Lawrence W. C. , Tsao Francis , Marsh Roger R. , Kessler Alex , Konkle Dan F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTympanometry was performed before (preoperative) and after (intraoperative) the administration of inhalation anesthesia including nitrous oxide and halothane on 109 children undergoing myringotomy with pressure equalization tube insertion. A total of 213 preoperative tympanograms were compared with their intraoperative counterparts and the presence or absence of middle ear effusion at myringotomy. When preoperative tympanograms were consistent with pneumatized middle ears, intraoperative findings demonstrated a mean middle ear pressure increase of +147 daPa. When preoperative tympanometry suggested middle ear effusion, less than 1% demonstrated intraoperative tympanometric changes and/or findings at surgery that would support anesthesia clearing middle ear effusion. Preoperative tympanometric data were poor predictors of the presence or absence of effusion at myringotomy. The relationship between inhalation anesthetics (i.e., nitrous oxide and halothane) and middle ear fluids, and the reliability of tympanometry to predict middle ear effusion are discussed.
The effect of human olfactory biopsy on olfaction: A preliminary report
Authors: Lanza Donald C. , Deems Daniel A. , Doty Richard L. , Crawford Donah , Carter Rowley J. , Kennedy David W. , Sajjadian Ali , Moran David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNormal human olfactory function is subject to a wide variety of factors. Although biopsy of human olfactory neuroepithelium has been reported by several researchers, there are no studies which have evaluated the effect of this procedure on olfactory function. In this retrospective study, we sought to determine if tissue removal from the olfactory cleft has an adverse influence on the sense of smell. Nineteen subjects underwent bilateral olfactory testing and subsequent endoscopic olfactory mucosal biopsy. All subjects were retested 6 weeks to 1 year after olfactory neuroepithelial biopsy. No statistical difference was found between olfactory tests performed before or after biopsy. These data suggest that biopsy of human olfactory neuroepithelium has no discernible adverse effect on the ability to smell.
Ultrasonography for evaluation of the carotid artery in head and neck cancer
Authors: Mann Wolf J. , Beck Alain , Schreiber Joerg , Maurer Jan , Amedee Ronald G. , Gluckmann Jack L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe dynamic relationship of lymph node metastases to surrounding vascular structures in the neck is important for preoperative patient assessment. When carotid artery involvement is suspected, this relationship often determines whether or not to operate. In the case of adhesive neck metastases along the internal jugular vein, it becomes possible to predict preoperatively if the integrity of this vein may be preserved. Ultrasonography has the ability to differentiate subtle from gross adherence, or simple compression from vascular invasion. This is done by manually palpating the tumor mass and asking the patient to perform various maneuvers while observing on a monitor the relationship of the tumor mass to the nearby artery. This article correlates the preoperative computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) and ultrasound findings in 41 patients with large nodal metastases which were subsequently confirmed during surgery. In case of positive ultrasonographic invasion of the carotid artery, a transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) exam was performed to confirm adequate crossflow. Our experience with ultrasonography and TCD in patients with suspected involvement of the carotid artery shows reliable results and obviates in our hands the routine need for more complex, invasive, and expensive tests.
Clinical results for the digisonic multichannel cochlear implant
Authors: Chouard C. H. , Meyer B. , Fugain C. , Koca O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe DIGISONIC is a digitized 15‐channel cochlear implant. A special version of this implant has been designed for use in the totally obstructed cochlea. This device has 10 separate electrodes that may be inserted, one by one, into 10 different holes drilled in the bony cochlea. The device's 128‐point Fast Fourier Transform analysis supplies the patient with the entire set of the sound information between 100 and 7800 Hz. The stimulation rhythm is set at a programmable frequency among 125 and 400 Hz or slaved to the fundamental pitch frequency. The flexibility of the microprocessor makes it possible to select the best width and mean value of each frequency band for each electrode. Many speech‐coding strategies may be easily programmed as a function of scientific desiderata. The authors present clinical results for the first 28 patients they treated with this cochlear implant.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx
Authors: Overholt Samuel Mark , Donovan Donald T. , Schwartz Mary R. , Laucirica Rodolfo , Green Linda K. , Alford Bobby R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx are a rare group of tumors that include carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, and small cell carcinoma. These neoplasms pose interesting diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic dilemmas, and they are, as a whole, aggressive tumors with a tendency for local and distant spread.The authors of this study examined six new cases of laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms. One case manifested itself as a primary atypical carcinoid tumor and caused a “carcinoid syndrome.” The remaining five cases were small cell carcinomas of the larynx. Histologic, immunocytochemical, DNA flow cytometric, and p53 studies were performed on all cases. The expression of neuron‐specific enolase and chromogranin were the most useful markers in this group of tumors. Overexpression of p53 protein was present in the majority of cases, including the atypical carcinoid tumor. The implications of these studies for diagnosis, classification, and treatment are discussed.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Tavin Ellis , Persky Mark S. , Jacobs Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMetastases are occasionally associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma but only rarely with basal cell carcinoma. There are approximately 200 cases of metastases from basal cell carcinoma reported in the world literature. We describe 6 additional cases. All of our patients demonstrated recurrence at the primary site before they developed their metastases. Metastases presented in subcutaneous tissue, cervical lymph nodes, bone, and lung between 1.5 and 14 years after initial treatment of the primary lesion. The long interval seen in these patients between the initial treatment of the primary and the development of metastases underscores the need for long‐term follow‐up in what is often thought to be a nonaggressive, nonmetastasizing malignancy.
Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction with cartilage grafts and endotracheal tube stenting: The single‐stage approach
Authors: Cotton Robin T. , Myer Charles M. , O'Connor David M. , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) comprises five stages: 1, characterization of the stenosis; 2, expansion of the lumen; 3, stabilization of the enlarged lumen framework; 4, healing of the surgical site; and 5, decannulation. Single‐stage LTR (SS‐LTR) combines and compresses stages 3 through 5 (stabilization, healing, and decannulation) into a brief period of postoperative intubation.At Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, from January 1987 to December 1993,116 reconstructive procedures were performed by using postoperative intubation. Nine were tracheoplasty or stoma‐revision procedures in isolation, leaving 107 SS‐LTR procedures that included the laryngotracheal complex. The use of SS‐LTR has increased to 30% of LTRs performed in 1993. Data are presented on the success of SS‐LTR as measured by the number of decannulations and extubations achieved.
Shortcomings of lateral sinus radiograph in the preoperative determination of the extent of endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Önerci Metin , Ariyüurek Macit , Tacal Tuǧcra , Aydingöuz Üustüun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLateral sinus radiograph is helpful in determining the distances between certain anatomic landmarks in preparation for endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery. However, some misleading factors limit the usefulness of this radiograph. In this study these distances were measured in 49 patients and compared with measurements obtained from another imaging modality, magnetic resonance imaging, which provides more accurate measurements. Results show a discrepancy in the measurements of distances between some of these landmarks that cannot be explained by the factor of magnification alone on the sinus radiographs. Statistical analysis of the results for women revealed a significant discrepancy between the distances from the nasal spine to the midfovea ethmoidalis, the sphenoethmoid junction, and the posterior sphenoid wall as measured on MR images and those as measured on lateral sinus radiographs (P<.05). For men the same was true for the distances from the nasal spine to the midfovea ethmoidalis and the posterior sphenoid wall (P<.05). It is concluded that there should be reservations in the surgical application of data provided by the lateral sinus radiograph before endoscopic sinus surgery.
The effect of antitastamines on the laryngeal chemoreflex
Authors: Downs Daniel H. , Johnson Kerri , Goding George S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) consists of apnea, laryngospasm, and cardiovascular changes in neonates after laryngeal irritation and has been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome and apnea of infancy. Antihistamines attenuate a similar vagally mediated pulmonary chemoreflex. The intravenous antihistamine effect on the LCR was studied in neonatal piglets. Laryngeal muscle activity, respiration, blood pressure, and pulse were measured during water stimulation of the LCR. After baseline LCR recordings, intravenous diphenhydramine (2.5 mg/kg) or cimetidine (20 mg/kg) was bolused (control group received saline). LCR measurements were repeated over 7 hours.Diphenhydramine significantly shortened apneas (P<.05) 3 to 7 hours after drug bolus, which is believed to be secondary to central atropinic effects. Cimetidine demonstrated no attenuation of the LCR.
The effect of photodynamic therapy on the mechanical integrity of normal rabbit carotid arteries
Authors: Grant W.E. , Buonaccorsi G. , Speight P.M. , Macrobert A.J. , Hopper C. , Bown S.G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) for tumor ablation is effective in the treatment of superficial cancers. Adjunctive intraoperative PDT has been proposed for the “sterilization” of tumor beds after the resection of malignancies. Arteries in photosensitized animal models exposed to appropriate light receive characteristic injury. This study was conducted to determine whether photodynamic injury to the rabbit carotid artery results in thrombotic occlusion or weakening of the vessel wall.PDT of the carotid arteries of New Zealand white rabbits, using either disulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine or 5‐aminolevulinic‐acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX as the photosensitizer, was performed with a light dose of 100 J/cm2. Histologic examination of the carotids treated with either agent demonstrated typical full‐thickness loss of cellularity 3 days after PDT. All vessels remained patent, and no inflammatory infiltrate was evident. Elastin van Gieson staining showed preservation of inner and medial elastic laminae and medial and adventitial collagen.Additional rabbits were similarly treated with PDT to 1‐cm segments of both common carotid arteries. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 21 days. The carotids were exposed, and both control and treated segments were subjected to intraluminal hydrostatic distention until the vessels burst. No reduction in the pressure required to burst the vessels was evident in the treated vessels as compared with the control vessels. The authors of the study concluded that despite full‐thickness cell death, PDT‐treated arteries are not at risk for thrombotic occlusion or hemorrhage.