bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-blind crossover trial of oral meptazinol, pentazocine and placebo in the treatment of pain in the elderly
Authors: Pearce V , Robson P J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 30 elderly patients suffering from moderate to severe pain, the analgesic efficacy, tendency to produce mental confusion and side effect profile of meptazinol 100 mg orally were compared with those of pentazocine 25 mg orally were compared with those of pentazocine 25 mg orally and placebo. Both the active drugs produced significantly better analgesia than placebo but meptazinol also provided significantly better pain relief than pentazocine, whilst at the same time causing less mental confusion. Side effects were unremarkable. Meptazinol appears to be a better general purpose oral analgesic in this group of patients than pentazocine.
Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in neonatal infections
Authors: Sharma S C 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score was estimated in healthy and infected neonates. A leucocyte band count was also done simultaneously. The infected group showed a significant (P &lt; 0.001) decrease in the LAP score and a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in the band count. These findings are discussed.
Papaverine and hepatotoxicity
Authors: Pathy M S , Reynolds A J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Six of 14 patients receiving a sustained release papaverine preparation developed abnormal liver function tests. One patient had jaundice and another abnormal liver histology on a biopsy specimen. This is only the third report of impaired liver function following the administration of papaverine--a drug which has been used in clinical medicine for over 100 years.
Epidemiology of coronary heart disease. Lessons from North and South Belgium
Authors: Joossens J V 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDifferences in food intake, smoking and drinking habits in the North and the South of Belgium have been studied with the aid of household data gathered by the National Institute of Statistics, Brussels, 1973-74. Consumption of sugar, vegetables, fruits, crude fibre and meat was almost identical between the regions. Consumption of bread, fish and salt intake were slightly higher in the North and alcohol consumption higher in the South. The major differences were located in fat consumption. Saturated fat as a percentage of dietary energy amounted to 15·8% in the North v. 18·5% in the South; polyunsaturated fat was, respectively for the North and South, 7·9% and 5·5%. Dietary cholesterol intake was 320 mg/day in the North against 400 mg/day in the South. The difference in serum cholesterol, calculated with the Keys formula, was 11·9 mg%, a value totally consistent with the observed values.The difference in saturated fat intake between the regions was almost entirely due to the difference of butter intake, thereby explaining why butter correlated so perfectly with mortality in different parts of Belgium. Similar correlations were found in France and Western Europe.The mortality trends in both regions were compared with the available data on fat consumption over the last 15 years. Again a decreasing intake of saturated fat (less butter and less common (hard) margarine) was associated with a decreasing coronary, cardiovascular and total mortality in both the North and the South. The time-related decrease discussed in the second part was quantitatively similar to one obtained in the first part from geographical differences, making a spurious association extremely unlikely.Similar dietary changes with identical results in terms of mortality have also been observed in the U.S.A. and Finland.
The role of essential fatty acids and prostaglandins
Authors: Crawford M A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The FAO/WHO Rome Report recommended an increase in the consumption of fat in countries where malnutrition is endemic; for maintenance, 3% of the dietary energy as essential fatty acids (EFA) may be adequate; in pregnancy and lactation an additional 1.5 to 2.4% energy as EFA is needed. For population at high risk for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) the recommendations were to decrease saturated fat in particular and increase EFA intake in the diet, reduce sugar, alcohol and cholesterol. These recommendations were similar to those of the Royal College of Physicians but the report went further by saying that EFA loss through industrial hydrogenation should be minimized and associated nutrients such as vitamin E and carotene should be restored if lost in processing. In terms of production, they asked for an increase in edible plant oils in developing countries and requested that intensive animal feeding and breeding should be corrected to avoid the excess accumulation of saturated fats. In addition, the Rome Report requested meaningful labelling of amounts and quality of fat in foods containing added fats. The basic aims of the Report were to state the position of lipid nutrition. The issue of the nutrient correction in terms of CHD cannot properly be discussed without taking into account the essential components which are needed for the integrity and development of the vascular system.
Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease. Effect of dietary fats on arterial thrombosis
Authors: Hornstra G 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEpidemiological studies indicate that dietary saturated fats are implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). Human prospective studies have shown that diets low in long chain saturated fatty acids and enriched in linoleic acid are beneficial in CHD-prevention. Experiments in animals have shown that such diets diminish atherosclerosis and the tendency to arterial thrombosis; they also lower the ability of platelets to aggregate in animals and in man. The mechanisms by which these diets produce these effects are not yet completely understood. Platelets and vascular prostaglandin-like substances may be involved as well as platelet membrane fluidity and platelet coagulant activities. On the basis of the available evidence, measures to decrease the intake of long chain saturated fatty acids (concomitant with an enhanced consumption of linoleic acid-rich products) are justified. Although certain marine oils may also have anti-thrombotic properties the possibility of undesirable side effects compels extensive investigation before their wide-spread use can be recommended.
Is diet an essential risk factor for coronary heart disease?
Authors: Ball K P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Cigarette smoking, hypertension and diet each play a major role in the development of coronary heart attacks in most industrialized nations. In some countries where cigarette smoking and hypertension are prevalent there is a low risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hyperlipidaemia resulting from national food habits appears to be the essential factor in the high rates of CHD in developed countries.
School catering: the place for change
Authors: Collins S C 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The 1944 Education Act marked the foundation of the modern School Catering Service. A statutory duty is imposed on Local Education Authorities (LEAs) to provide a ‘mid-day dinner...suitable in all respects as the main meal of the day’. LEAs are free to provide meals consistent with broad nutritional guidelines of the Department of Education and Science but financial pressures have a large bearing on this. The traditional 2-course meal is still the norm, although there is a multi-choice menu for the majority of secondary schoolchildren. But a wide choice of food is incompatible with closely prescribed nutritional standards and pupils need to be aware of the implications for their health in the choice of food. The adoption of dietary recommendations for prevention of coronary heart disease would not generate serious practical difficulties for the professional caterer. The technical problems arising from minor adaptations in catering practice would be minimal in comparison to those of cost, education and hence modification of consumer demand. The move away from nutritional standards is likely to accelerate if, owing to financial constraints, the Government withdraws nutritional guidelines or removes the obligation on LEAs to provide a catering service. The danger is that financial considerations will override those of nutrition and a unique opportunity for health education by guidance and example in the schools may be lost.
The clinical features of migraine as a manifestation of allergic disease
Authors: Wilson C W , Kirker J G , Warnes H , O’Malley M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Patients with a clinical history of migraine were evaluated psychiatrically, and by electroencephalography. They were challenged with food antigens by skin-prick test, and abdominal symptoms were evaluated following oral ingestion of food allergens. A significant correlation was found between challenge with specific food allergens and the development of migraine headaches, the appearance of abdominal symptoms and the occurrence of positive skin reactions. Psychiatric abnormalities and EEG alterations were associated with the occurrence of headaches and allergic clinical features. It is suggested that the clinical features of migraine can be explained as a result of release of chemical mediators following antigen-antibody reactions in the brain and other tissues where specific antibodies are localized. The continuous ingestion of the responsible food allergens would account for the raised tissue concentrations of noradrenaline, histamine and other mediators to which the clinical features of migraine are attributed.
Efficacy of nifedipine in the treatment of angina pectoris and chronic airways obstruction
Authors: Jaiprakash S S , Sahay J N , Chatterjee S S , MacDonald G 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwenty patients suffering from angina pectoris with co-existing fixed or labile airways obstruction, were administered fortnightly treatment periods of nifedipine or matching placebo over an 8-week period. Maintenance treatment for their airways obstruction continued throughout this period. Nifedipine was found to be an effective drug in controlling their angina, and did not have an adverse effect on the airways obstruction. Both systolic and diastolic BP was reduced over a 90-min period after administration of a single dose of nifedipine.
Clinical distinction of cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarction
Authors: Harrison M J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The clinical features of 62 cases of computerized axial tomography scan-proved cerebral haemorrhage and 81 cases of cerebral infarction in the carotid territory have been compared in a retrospective case note survey. The clinical features which can help in making the distinction between haemorrhage and infarction at the bedside are discussed and compared with those of classical teaching which referred only to post-mortem proved cases.
Serum theophylline concentrations during multiple dosing with two sustained release methylxanthine preparations in normal subjects
Authors: Prior J G , Berry D , Cochrane G M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In normal subjects, receiving multiple dosing regimens with Slophyllin and Phyllocontin in does calculated to give either 4 mg/kg or 6mg/kg theophylline free acid twice daily, serum theophylline concentrations were frequently less than 8 mg/l. Accumulation of the serum theophylline trough concentration occurred during the first 3 days of multiple dosing, and was followed by subsequent stabilization or even decline in serum theophylline trough concentrations. Side effects were noted with both Slophyllin and Phyllocontin, but only on the higher dosage regimens; they occurred within 24--48 hr of starting the drug, and tended to diminish if dosing was continued. The accumulation effect of serum theophylline concentrations may explain the timing of adverse effects, and should be avoided by starting methylxanthine therapy at a low dose. This may be increased after a few days. Further dosage adjustment may be necessary in some patients and should be facilitated by measurement of serum theophylline trough concentrations.
Staphylococcal septicaemia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis in dialysis and renal transplant patients
Authors: Nicholls A , Edward N , Catto G R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Septicaemia is a common and potentially lethal hazard of haemodialysis and renal transplantation; it is usually caused by Staphylococcus pyogenes. In 6 patients with S. pyogenes septicaemia, fatal endocarditis and spinal osteomyelitis have each occurred once, and 3 patients have had recurrent episodes of septicaemia. The management of septicaemia in these patients must include a search for metastatic infection, and prolonged therapy with 2 antistaphylococcal agents is necessary to ensure eradication of infection. Access site infection in dialysis patients must be treated vigorously, and recognized as potentially hazardous by patients. The risk of sepsis in dialysis and transplant patients cannot be excluded, but devastating consequences may be avoided by simple measures.
Tuberculous peritonitis: a review of thirty-five cases
Authors: Vyravanathan S , Jeyarajah R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The clinical course of 35 patients with tuberculous peritonitis notified in Kandy (Sri Lanka) over a 6-year period has been reviewed. The maximum incidence occurred in the age group 21 to 40 years and the female/male ratio was 3:2. Clinical features were non-specific and the main presenting features were fever (68.5%), abdominal pain (65.7%), abdominal distension (54.2%), abdominal mass (54.2%) and ascites (45.7%). The symptoms were of insidious onset and 85% had symptoms for more than one month. Chest X-ray revealed abnormality suggestive of tuberculosis in 47%. Intra-abdominal tuberculosis was suspected in 43% of 26 patients before laparotomy. Four of the 32 patients given anti-tuberculous drugs died. Overall mortality was 20%.
The effect of varying amounts of intravenous glucose on the metabolic changes after surgery
Authors: Swaminathan R , Bradley J A , Hill G H , Morgan D B 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The metabolic effects of saline, 30 of glucose a day and 129 g of glucose a day were studied in patients after either cholecystectomy or highly selective vagotomy. In the saline group the blood ketone concentration increased to 3.3 mmol/l on the 5th day after surgery, but this increase was completely abolished by a daily intake of 129 g of glucose and almost completely so by 30 g of glucose. Urine nitrogen excretion expressed as nitrogen to creatinine ratio in the saline group increased from 42.5 to 66.2 by the third day after surgery, and there was a similar increase in the group given 30 g a day of glucose. However, 129 g/day of glucose completely prevented the increase in urine nitrogen, an effect which is similar to that reported in starving subjects given similar amounts of glucose. It is suggested that 129 g of glucose only prevents that part of the increase in nitrogen excretion which is due to starvation and that it has no effect on the increase in nitrogen excretion which happens as part of the metabolic response to surgery.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with choline and tetrabenazine
Authors: Snell A P , Cleary M , Sambrook M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A patient with severe tardive dyskinesia due to long-term neuroleptic medication is described. The 2 factors immediately precipitating the onset of the disorder appeared to be the administration of benzhexol hydrochloride and the sudden termination of neuroleptic therapy. the disorder was satisfactorily controlled with choline chloride and a small dose of tetrabenazine. The suggested mechanism of tardive dyskinesia is discussed.
Agranulocytosis associated with carbamazepine, and a positive reaction with anti-lymphoid leukaemia antiserum during recovery
Authors: Owens C W , Parker N E , Nunn P P , Davies J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Carbamazepine is a valuable drug in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and temporal lobe epilepsy. Rarely agranulocytosis has been described associated with its use but in this further non-fatal case a new finding of a positive reaction with anti-lymphoid leukaemia anti-serum was seen during the recovery phase.
A brief review of 18 cases in the literature is provided and it is noted that 94% of reported cases are over the age of 45 years. The significance of the haematological finding is discussed.
Palmar main line polymorphisms in cataracts
Authors: Padma T , Murty J S 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The palm prints of patients with different types of cataract (total, nuclear, zonular, cortical and complicated) were analysed for main line terminations and compared with those of a random population. The cases were also grouped into congenital, juvenile and senile types for broader comparison.
The results showed significant variations for all the 4 main line terminations (D, C, B and A) in senile and cortical cataracts, while among other types of cataract, congenital cases differed significantly in D and A line, zonular in C and A line and nuclear in B and A line terminations compared with controls. A comparison of familial and isolated cases revealed significant differences for D and A line terminations only in cases of senile cataract. The main line terminations also indicated considerable sex-dependent heterogeneity among the diseased and control subjects.
The significance of the results obtained are discussed in terms of pleiotropic mechanisms leading to the formation of cataract.
Renewed bleeding of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm during vertebral angiography
Authors: Drury P J , Powell T 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The perangiographic rupture of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm is described and discussed. Only 2 other cases of perangiographic rupture of posterior fossa aneurysms have been found in the literature, and there are fewer than 60 reports of ruptures of aneurysms at all intracranial sites.
The presentation, diagnosis and treatment of cervical osteoid osteoma
Authors: Walker A P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case of cervical osteoid osteoma is reported, with a brief account of the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. Cervical osteoid osteoma is rare but its pattern of presentation varies little and it should therefore be possible to suspect it on clinical grounds alone. Bone scanning is now regarded as more efficient than radiography in identifying the lesion but X-ray tomography will normally be required for the accurate localization needed before surgery.
Correct surgical treatment results in complete cure.
Rise in serum calcium and magnesium concentrations after vitamin D administration in hypocalcaemic hypomagnesaemic magnesium deficiency
Authors: Ghose R R , Wynford-Thomas D 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A patient with hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia secondary to small bowel resection and malabsorption was treated with synthetic vitamin D analogue, 1-alpha hydroxy vitamin D3. A prompt rise in serum calcium concentration and some days later a smaller and transient rise in serum magnesium concentration was observed. These changes in extracellular fluid composition presumably resulted from enhanced calcium and magnesium absorption associated with vitamin D activity.
A fatal case of Epstein-Barr virus infection with jaundice and renal failure
Authors: Davies M H , Morgan-Capner P , Portmann B , Wilkinson S P , Williams R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A fatal case of Epstein-Barr virus infection in a 17-year-old male is described. The patient presented with an illness clinically typical of infectious mononucleosis but death followed development of renal failure, jaundice and pulmonary failure. There was no absolute lymphocytosis nor a significant number of atypical mononuclear cells in his peripheral blood. However, heterophile antibody and Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgM were present.
Intestinal amoebiasis for 36 years
Authors: Johnston J H , Stewart J B , Roberts D M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case is reported of amoebic dysentery in a former soldier who had symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica infection for 36 years. It emphasizes the need for careful search for parasites in the stools of any patient with bowel symptoms because the consequences of wrong diagnosis are potentially catastrophic.
Arrhythmias in patients with hypereosinophilia: a comparison of patients with and without Löffler’s endomyocardial disease
Authors: Cohen J , Davies J , Goodwin J F , Spry C J 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAbout one third of patients with Löffler’s endomyocardial disease have abnormal electrocardiograms and some develop arrhythmias and die suddenly. To assess the significance of these findings, continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed for 48 hr on 6 patients with acute or chronic forms of Löffler’s endomyocardial disease, and the types and frequencies of arrhythmias were compared with recordings from 6 other patients with equally high blood eosinophil counts who did not have clinically evident cardiac disease. It was hoped that this would show whether arrhythmias were related to high blood eosinophil counts, cardiac injury or other factors.Three of the patients with endomyocardial disease had multiple ventricular extrasystoles with episodes of ventricular arrhythmias and occasional supraventricular arrhythmias which had not been detected with conventional ECGs. These abnormalities did not occur in 2 of the patients with acute endomyocardial lesions who died, nor were they found in patients who did not have congestive cardiac failure or in the control patients. Rhythm disturbances appeared to be most closely related to the development of cardiac failure and they resolved after successful cardiac surgery.Multiple ventricular extrasystoles and arrhythmias occurring in these patients with Löffler’s endomyocardial disease are probably due to metabolic changes in the heart associated with cardiac failure and mechanical changes related to valvular dysfunction rather than a direct effect of the eosinophils themselves on the heart.
Zinc metabolism in thyroid disease
Authors: Nishi Y , Kawate R , Usui T 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the zinc metabolism in adults of both sexes with thyroid disease. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentration and urinary zinc excretion were investigated. The mean concentration of plasma zinc in hypothyroid patients and in euthyroid patients, previously either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid, was lower than that of control subjects, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in plasma zinc values between hyperthyroid patients and control subjects. The average erythrocyte zinc level in patients with thyroid disease was significantly lower than that in control subjects. Erythrocyte zinc concentration was significantly decreased in hyperthyroidism compared with hypothyroidism, or patients previously either hyperthyroid or hypothyroid but now euthyroid. Increased urinary zinc excretion in hyperthyroidism was noticed compared to euthyroid and hypothyroid patients and to control subjects. Increased urinary zinc concentrations may result from increased tissue catabolism such as muscle. The results of this study suggest that abnormal zinc metabolism occurs commonly in patients with thyroid disease.
Complications of baclofen overdosage
Authors: Ghose K , Holmes K M , Matthewson K 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A 39-year-old female patient who had been receiving 30 mg of baclofen daily for 5 months was admitted to the hospital about 12 hr after overdose of this drug (450 mg). On admission, she was comatose, flaccid, and in respiratory failure. Later she developed muscle twitchings and had several epileptic fits. She was treated symptomatically and became conscious within 36 hr. However, approximately 65 hr after the overdose she developed sinus tachycardia which was successfully treated with oral propranolol. Plasma concentrations, as measured on days 2 and 3, were within the therapeutic range but the elimination half-life was prolonged.