bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteric prevalence of adenovirus in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients
Authors: Durepaire Nathalie , Ranger‐Rogez Sylvie , Denis Francois , Gandji Jean Alain , Weinbreck Pierre , Rogez Jean Philippe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the prevalence of adenovirus strains in human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)‐positive patients and to investigate their possible role in the onset of diarrhea, a total of 103 stools from HIV‐seropositive patients at various stages of infection and 200 stools from sex and age cross‐matched control subjects were examined. Adenovirus prevalence was measured by ELISA as well as conventional and rapid cell culture techniques. Results were compared between patients suffering from diarrhea and those without diarrhea. Adenovirus prevalence was statistically greater in HIV‐seropositive cases than controls (8.7%, 2.5%, respectively). No significant difference was found between HIV‐positive patients with diarrhea and those without gastrointestinal complications (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference in adenovirus prevalence was found between HIV‐positive patients with diarrhea and control subjects with diarrhea (P = 0.02). Although viral prevalence varied with the different stages of HIV infection, differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, although current opinion considers adenovi‐ruses to be no more than opportunistic pathogens, the results of this large‐scale study do not exclude a potential reactivation of latent adenovirus in HIV infection and suggest that further effort should be directed to elucidating such a mechanism if it exists as well as investigating the specific role of certain adenovirus serotypes in provoking diarrhea during later stages of HIV infection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus genome types isolated from stools of children with gastroenteritis in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Hársi Charlotte M. , Rolim Danielle P. , Stewien Klaus E. , Candeias José Alberto N. , Gomes Selma A. , Gilio Alfredo E. , Baldacci Evandro R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a prospective one‐year study of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children less than 2 years of age, in São Paulo (Brazil), adenoviruses were detected by specific enzyme immunoassay (El‐ARA) in 7 of 67 (10%) ill children and in 9 of 79 (11.4%) controls. They were the sole recognizable agent of diarrhea in 6 ill children. In another child these viruses were detected in a dual infection with astrovirus. Enteric adenoviruses (Ad40/41) were the most common serotypes detected in children with diarrhea (3/7) and Ad7 the sero‐type most detected in the controls (5/9), associated with lower respiratory tract infection. Thirteen adenovirus strains, isolated in HEp2 or HEK‐293 cells, were characterized by seroneutralization and restriction enzyme analysis. The established adenoviruses were typed as AV‐7‐D5 (five associated to lower respiratory tract infection and one to diarrhea), AV‐1‐D10 (one diarrhea case), AV‐31‐D2 (two controls with respiratory infection), and two isolates as AV‐12‐D7, a new genome type. One subgenus D isolate, sero‐type 28, with restriction patterns different from those of the prototype, remained untyped. Only one enteric adenovirus could be typed. The restriction patterns of this isolated were similar to those of the prototype AV‐41‐D1. The genome type of the other three enteric adenoviruses could not be determined. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, inc.
Single‐step nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of different genotypes of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Li Ji‐Su , Tong Shu‐Ping , Vitvitski Ludmila , Trépo Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits considerable sequence variability and circulates in the blood at extremely low levels. Current methods for detecting HCV RNA are based mostly on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which part of the first amplification product is reamplified in the second tube by an internal primer pair. A novel nested PCR method was developed in which the two successive amplification processes are carried out in the same tube with a single step of physical manipulation. Careful selection of highly conserved sequences of the 5′ noncoding region as primers enabled successful detection of all three major genotypes circulating in France, including the one with variation in this region. Retaining high sensitivity of the conventional nested PCR, the novel method reduced greatly the risk of carry‐over contaminations. It was also cost‐ and time‐saving. The one‐step nested PCR method is especially suitable for routine diagnosis of HCV infection in clinical laboratories. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of acute measles infections by indirect and μ‐capture enzyme immunoassays for immunoglobulin M antibodies and measles immunoglobulin G antibody avidity enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Tuokko Hanna 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn avidity test for measles IgG was developed and applied to the study of IgG immunoglobulin maturation kinetics in follow‐up sera from 12 patients with known acute primary and convalescent measles and sera from blood donors. The avidity of the IgG anti‐measles responses was measured using the 8 M urea elution technique, the results being expressed as the percentage ratio between the test readings for eluted and noneluted samples. The IgG avidity results were compared with those of indirect and μ‐capture IgM enzyme immunoassays. This test was capable of detecting low‐avidity antibodies at the acute phase of measles up to 7 weeks, and increasing avidity through immunosaturation during the convalescent phase. The avidity in these samples did not reach the level found in the samples of the blood donors under the follow‐up time. Although a limited number of serum samples was examined, the results suggest that the measles IgG avidity test is a powerful tool for differentiating primary measles infection from the convalescent phase. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Hepatitis B vaccination in infants of mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Arrazola M. P. , De Juanes J. R. , Aragón A. J. , de Codes A. Garcia , Ramos J. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was conducted to investigate the immunogenicity of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in neonates and children of HIV‐infected women. Immunization against hepatitis B consisted of three 10 μg doses of the vaccine administered on a 0‐, 1‐ and 6‐month schedule. The children were followed up for an average of 11 months. Of the 118 HIV‐positive neonates who participated in the study, 95 lost their HIV antibodies during the follow‐up period. Most (94.2%) of the latter who completed the study responded to the vaccine. Of the 23 who remained HIV‐positive, 17 completed the study and 7 produced hepatitis B antibodies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Follow‐up of antibody responses to human papillomavirus type 16 E7 in patients treated for cervical carcinoma
Authors: Baay Marc F. D. , Herbrink Paul , Stolz Ernst , Duk Jitze M. , Burger Matthé P. M. , De Bruijn Henk W. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA synthetic peptide comprising amino acids 6‐35 of HPV‐16 E7 was used in an ELISA to screen sera taken from 31 cervical carcinoma patients. Sera obtained before and during treatment, and in follow‐up, were tested for the presence of antibodies to this peptide. Sixteen patients with negative pretreatment serum determination remained negative during treatment and follow‐up. Of the 15 patients with positive pretreatment sera, 12 showed a decrease in anti‐E7 6–35 antibody level during treatment. During follow‐up an increase in anti‐E76–35 antibody level was observed in 6 out of 7 patients with progressive or recurrent disease, whereas all patients who remained in complete remission showed stable or further decreasing antibody levels. During the course of disease of the 15 seropositive patients, serum anti‐E76–35 antibody levels were compared with serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC‐Ag) profiles, a clinically useful tumor marker in the management of cervical cancer patients. Similar patterns were observed in 10 out of 15 patients. The results of this study suggest that in a subset of cervical cancer patients, anti‐E76–35 antibody response against HPV‐16 E7 at least partially depends on the presence of viable tumor lesions, and that to some extent the anti‐E7 profile reflects the course of disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Epidemiologic survey and genetic analysis of endemic hepatitis C virus infection in a Japanese town with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus carriers
Authors: Tawaraya Hironobu , Ohkoshi Showgo , Kuwana Kenji , Watanabe Masashi , And Tomoteru Kamimura , Asakura Hitoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMass screening for hepatitis C virus antibody was carried out in 875 inhabitants (313 men and 562 women) of a town in Japan with a high rate of hepatitis B virus infection. The overall rate of positivity for anti‐HCV was 8.8% (6.4% in men and 10,1% in women). The rate of positivity for hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.2%. Five subjects (0.6%) were positive for both markers. HCV‐RNA was detected in 65 (88.4%) of 77 individuals who were positive for anti‐HCV and in 1 (1.5%) of 60 individuals negative for anti‐HCV. The genotype of the HCV genome was determined by PCR analysis using type‐specific primers in 60 individuals. HCV type 1b was detected in 51 subjects (85%), type 2a in 3 subjects (5%), and type 2b in 6 subjects (10%). None of the individuals was infected with more than one genotype. The nucleotide sequences of the partial nonstructural 5 region of HCV type 1b genotype obtained from 6 individuals showed at least 92.0% homology in the nucleotide sequence, and 94.8% homology in the amino acid sequence. Homology among these clones was greater than their homology with previously described type 1 b sequences. The findings suggest that there was a specific local origin of HCV infection, although it was not possible to identify any single source of HCV infection. The results also indicate the presence of asymptomatic HCV carriers. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hou Chia‐Hsiu , Chen Wan‐Yu , Kao Jia‐Horng , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Yang Yu , Chen Jyuhn‐Juh , Lee Suh‐Huoy , Wu Der‐John , Yang Shu‐Chang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in chronic hemodialysis patients ranges from 20 to 50% and these patients may serve as a reservoir of infection for their household contacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti‐HCV in hemodialysis patients and their families, and to evaluate possible routes of infection. One hundred eighty‐six family members of 84 hemodialysis patients and 529 healthy adults were enrolled. The family members consisted of 50 spouses, 96 children, 11 parents, 29 siblings, and other relatives living together with the patients. Serum samples were collected for testing anti‐HCV. Exposure to risk factors was obtained by a questionnaire and an interview. The results showed that prevalence of anti‐HCV in hemodialysis patients was 44%, whereas in family members it was 5.4%, not significantly different from that of age‐matched healthy adults (standardized morbidity rate = 1.51, P = 0.390). The anti‐HCV rate in family members tended to increase with age, and a spouse of an infected hemodialysis patient had a higher risk of HCV infection than other family members (15% vs. 2.6%, odds ratio 6.6, P = 0.058). Except for the age factor, no difference was found between seropositive and se‐ronegative family members with respect to risk factors such as blood transfusion, surgery, frequent injections, dental procedures, or acupuncture. It was concluded that, although the anti‐HCV positivity of hemodialysis patients is high, the risk of HCV infection for their family members is not higher than that of the general population. Among family members, spouses of seropositive hemodialysis patients have the highest risk of HCV infection. These data imply that long‐term intimate contact between spouses plays a key role in the intrafamilial transmission of HCV. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
A helper T‐cell antigen enhances generation of hepatitis C virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Kita Hiroto , Miura Hideaki , Nakamura Ikuo , Inamori Hideaki , Kaneko Takashi , Ohnishi Shin , Yazaki Yoshio , Moriyama Takashi , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Hiroishi Kazumasa , Imawari Michio , Harase Ichiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA T‐cell help for generation of hepatitis C virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes was studied in three patients with chronic hepatitis C. In all three, human leukocyte antigen B44‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing an epitope in hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein residues 81–100 were generated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes by repeated stimulation with a synthetic hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid pep‐tide. The proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein residues 1–120 was observed in one patient, and was ascribed to CD4+ T cells. The helper T cells recognized a major epitope in residues 21–40 and a minor epitope(s) in residues 81–110. They produced interferon γ, but interleukin 4 was not detectable in the T‐helper cell culture supernatants. The hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein residues 1–120 and the major helper T‐cell epitope enhanced generation of hepatitis C virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro, although the protein alone did not generate them. In the other two patients, the protein did not enhance generation of hepatitis C virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. The results suggest that a hepatitis C virus‐specific helper T‐cell epitope is helpful for inducing a strong specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte response. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Herpes simplex virus‐1 replication in histiotypic rotation‐mediated reaggregated murine brain
Authors: Fowler Sandra L. , Forbes Robert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInbred mouse strains exhibit varying susceptibilities to severe herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 ‐related neurologic disease. HSV‐1 replication was examined in neural tissue obtained from mouse strains susceptible (A/J, SJL), moderately resistant (Balb/c), or resistant (C57BL/6) to severe HSV‐1 disease. Reaggregated brain cultures were prepared from mechanically dissociated fetal mouse brains maintained with constant rotation. The resulting aggregates each contain neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. These were inoculated with 10−2−104 plaque‐forming units (pfu) HSV‐1 Maclntyre/aggregate. Aggregates and media were harvested at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr post‐inoculation (p.i.) and assayed for virus production by plaque titration. Brain cultures prepared from A/J, SJL, Balb/c, and C57BL/6 mice supported HSV‐1 replication equally well: by 96 hr p.i., titers of 106 pfu/ml were produced by each strain at each inoculum. ID50s were similar for A/J and C57BL/6 cultures. There was no increased capacity for HSV‐1 replication or for permissiveness for HSV‐1 infection in histiotypic brain cultures from mouse strains susceptible to severe HSV‐1 disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with cirrhosis with recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor plus recombinant interferon‐alpha
Authors: Pardo Margarita , Castillo Inmaculada , Navas Sonia , Carreño Vicente 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInterferon therapy in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus infection is not efficient. In an attempt to improve the response rate, a pilot study using recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) alone, and in combination with recombinant interferon‐alpha (rIFN), was carried out. Fifteen cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus infection were randomly allocated into 3 groups to receive treatment: 0.5, 1, or 1.5 μg/kg of rhG‐CSF daily for 4 weeks, followed by a 4 week resting period, and by the same dose of rhG‐CSF daily, plus 6 MU of rIFN 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. They then continued to receive 6 MU of rIFN alone for 4 weeks, followed by 3 MU of rIFN for 16 weeks. After the 4 weeks of treatment with rhG‐CSF alone, no changes in ala‐nine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were observed. No changes occurred during the resting period. Three of 10 patients who ended the rhG‐CSF plus rIFN treatment period had normal ALT values. During the treatment with rIFN alone, two responders suffered a relapse. The other responder had normal ALT until the first month of follow‐up. In summary, the combination of rhG‐CSF and rIFN seems promising for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus type I(1a) in Northern China
Authors: Niu Junqi , Kumar Umesh , Pan Yu , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhan Qingquan , Thomas Howard , Monjardino John 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐four patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody from the Chinese North Western province of Jilin were further analysed by the immunoblot assay‐2 (RIBA‐2). reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for serum HCV RNA detection, and direct sequence‐geno‐typing. Good concordance was found between the original second generation HCV antibody ELISA, RIBA‐2, and serum HCV RNA. The occurrence of genotype I (la), a genotype not previously reported in China, is described in 5(20.8%) of 24 cases, in association with genotypes II(1b) and III(2a) which were found in 16(66.7%) and 3(12.5%) of 24 cases, respectively. Imported blood products were unlikely to be the source of infection with genotype I (1a) but could not be definitively ruled out. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of varicella‐zoster virus gpI and gpII and corresponding genome sequences in the skin
Authors: Nikkels Arjen F. , Delvenne Philippe , Debrus Serge , Sadzot‐Delvaux Catherine , Piette Jacques , Rentier Bernard , Piérard Gérald E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the course of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection, some viral capsid antigens are found in the epidermis and dermis. The aim of this study was to investigate the localisation of two major VZV glycoproteins (gpI and gpII) and of their respective genes in the skin.The distribution of VZV gpI and II in 27 formalin fixed paraffin embedded skin biopsies from herpes zoster eruptions were compared by immunohistochemistry. Double immunostaining was carried our to identify infected cells. The presence of viral nucleic acids coding for gpI and gpII was examined by in situ hybridisation.The distribution of gpI and gpII and their corresponding genome sequences was similar in the epidermis. gpI and gpII were also detected in dermal FXIIIa positive dendrocytes, in Mac 387 and CD68 positive macrophages, and in perineural and endothelial cells. However, the corresponding viral nucleic acids were rarely and barely detected in these cells of the dermis. It is concluded that VZV infection of epithelial cells follows a different course than in dermal cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterosexual activity as a risk factor for the transmission of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Utsumi Takeshi , Hashimoto Etsuo , Okumura Yusuke , Takayanagi Makiko , Nishikawa Hiroaki , Kigawa Mika , Kumakura Nobuhiro , Toyokawa Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV), the major causative agent of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, is transmitted by parenteral exposure. Transmission by sexual activity, however, is controversial. Possible behavioral risk factors for HCV infection were studied retrospectively among imprisoned men (n = 201, mean age: 45 years [S.D. 13]) who visited a health service center at a Japanese correctional facility for medical examination. Seropositivity of anti‐HCV antibody was disproportionately high (49.8%) in comparison with volunteer blood donors. Among possible risk factors significant on univariate analysis, intravenous drug abuse and Tama‐Ire, a Japanese custom of sexual behavior that suggests frequent, aggressive or promiscuous heterosexual activity, proved to be independent risk factors for HCV infection (odds ratio = 7.39, 95% CI = 3.41 ‐ 16.05, P< 0.0001; odds ratio = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.16 ‐ 8.64, P = 0.026, respectively) as shown by logistic regression analysis. The data suggest that HCV may be transmitted by sexual activity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of simple assays for serum concentration of hepatitis C virus RNA and HCV genotype in predicting the response of patients with chronic hepatitis C to interferon α2a therapy
Authors: Suzuki Toshio , Tanaka Eiji , Matsumoto Akihiro , Urushihara Akihiko , Sodeyama Takeshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of two new assays was evaluated for predicting the response to interferon (IFN) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was establishe by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay based on genotype‐specific recombinant peptides of the NS4 region (genotyping ELISA). The concentration of HCV RNA was measured by a branched DNA assay (bDNA assay). Seventy‐eight patients received the same regimen of IFNα2a. Of the 74 patients assessed who completed the program, 38 (51.4%) were responders; i.e., their serum aminotransferase levels remained normal for 6 months or longer after stopping IFN, while 36 (48.6%) were nonresponders. The results of the HCV genotype determined by the genotyping ELISA and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on genotype specific primers were similar. The serum concentrations of HCV RNA as measured by the bDNA assay and by the competitive PCR assay correlated closely and significantly (r = 0.82, P< 0.0011. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the serum concentration of HCV RNA determined by the bDNA assay, the HCV genotype determined by the genotyping ELISA, and the histology activity index (HAI) of the liver were independently associated with IFN efficacy. By using these three variables in combination, a predictive rate of 82.4% was obtained. A lower level of HCV RNA, genotype 2 and a lower HAI score for liver histology were predictive of a favorable response to IFN. Thus, the genotyping ELISA and the bDNA assay appear to be useful for clinical management of patients receiving IFN therapy. © 1995 Wiiey‐Liss, Inc.
Sequential respiratory syncytial virus cytomegalovirus pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Kapelushnik Joseph , Engelhard Dan , Mehta Jayesh , Or Reuven , Brandstetter Yuval , Picard Elie , Cividalli Gabriel , Nagler Arnon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 6‐month‐old child with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) experienced early sequential pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The patient was deficient in natural killer (NK) cell activity (as found frequently in patients with FHL), and this risk factor may have played a major role in the concomitant infection by the two viral pathogens. Rapid diagnostic methods for both viruses are essential and early specific treatment may serve to ameliorate RSV‐ and CMV‐induced lung injury in these life‐threatening infections. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.