bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between neostigmine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in adductor canal block after knee arthroscopy (RCT)
Authors: Omar Heba , Mahmoud Sherif , Rady Ashraf , Magdy Reham 
Published: March 2024

Background
Adjuvants to adductor canal block are used to improve the quality and duration of the block for better analgesia after knee surgeries. This study evaluates and compares the effect of adding dexamethasone and neostigmine to bupivacaine in adductor canal blocks after knee arthroscopy (KA).

Methods
In this randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, 90 patients scheduled for knee arthroscopy were randomly allocated into three groups to receive adductor canal block after the end of the arthroscopy. The control group received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%+2 ml normal saline, the dexamethasone group received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%+2 ml dexamethasone (8 mg) and the neostigmine group received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%+1 ml neostigmine (500 mcg) +1 ml normal saline. Outcomes: time of first rescue analgesia, sensory blockade duration, total opioid consumption, and visual analog score (VAS).

Results
Time of first rescue analgesia and Sensory block duration, were longer in dexamethasone and neostigmine groups compared with control group, with no significant difference between dexamethasone and neostigmine groups, however, clinically there was 3 h prolongation in sensory block duration in dexamethasone group. Mean morphine consumption and Visual analog score were lower in dexamethasone and neostigmine groups compared with control group, with no difference between dexamethasone and neostigmine groups,

Conclusion
Both dexamethasone and neostigmine were effective adjuvants to bupivacaine in ACB with more prolonged postoperative analgesia and less opioid consumption. Though there was no statistically significant difference between both drugs, however, dexamethasone showed some clinical superiority.
Ultrasound-guided injection of steroids versus platelet-rich plasma for sacroiliac joint chronic pain management
Authors: Mohamed Yasmine Ragab Elsayed , Abdo Ahmed Mansour Ahmed , Elsayed Rabab Saber Saleh , Deghedy Akram Abdelmoneim , Ahmed Aly Mahmoud Moustafa 
Published: March 2024

Background
The spectrum of pain and disability from sacroiliac joint dysfunction is extremely variable. The treatment of SIJ pain remains a therapeutic challenge. Intra-articular SIJ infiltrations with local anesthetic and corticosteroids have the most reliable evidence supporting their use. New modalities have been introduced, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection.

Aim
This study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) guided intra-articular and peri-articular SIJ injection with steroids (methylprednisolone) versus platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in relieving chronic SIJ pain and to assess the patient’s satisfaction, record any complications and deal with them accordingly.

Patients and methods
Fifty patients undergoing sacroiliac joint injection for the treatment of SIJ pain were included in the study. All patients have been randomly allocated to one of two groups: Group S received US-guided intra-articular and peri-articular injection of bupivacaine and methylprednisolone. Group P received US-guided intra-articular and peri-articular SIJ injection of bupivacaine and PRP.

Results
Demographic data showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. The provocative tests, the VAS score, and the MODQ score at preinjection showed no statistically significant difference. At 2 and 4 weeks postinjection, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups showing higher values in group S than in group P. At six weeks postinjection, provocative tests were recorded in both groups with no significant difference between them. On the other hand, at eight weeks and four months postinjection, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups showing higher values for group P than group S. The SAPS score was compared between the two groups and showed no statistically significant difference between them in any of the follow-up periods. As for the efficacy between the two groups, no statistically significant difference was noted. Regarding the complications between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion
US-guided PRP and steroid (methylprednisolone) injections into the SIJ are safe and effective modalities for reducing functional disability as well as decreasing low back pain.
Effectiveness of Program for Older People’s Health Literacy on Drug and Health Products: Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Srisaknok Tharinee , Ploylearmsang Chanuttha , Wongkongdech Ranee 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
A health literacy promotion program in drugs and health products was collaboratively developed and evaluated for effectiveness by researchers and stakeholders.

Methods:
A Solomon four-group randomized study was conducted in 2022. The participants were people aged ≥60 years enrolled at senior schools in Northeast Thailand. One hundred and eighty older people were randomly selected using multistage sampling and allocated into four groups, 45 members. The designed program covers six skills: access to health information, cognition, communication, decision-making, media literacy, and self-management. ANOVA and t-test were used.

Results:
One hundred percent response rate, participants of the program (Group 1) showed a significant improvement (pre–post) of 62.2% in their health literacy in drugs and health products use (151.54 ± 37.88, 245.73 ± 9.33, P < 0.001). Group 3, older people who joined the program with posttest only showed health literacy of 248.67 ± 11.54. In contrast, Group 2 and Group 4 with no program showed less health literacy of 149.02 ± 32.08 and 145.22 ± 34.14, respectively. On each item, the older people with the program consistently scored significantly higher across all domains (P < 0.001). The average score was 247.20 ± 10.54, which showed a high level of health literacy (≥75%). Among areas, decision-making skills revealed the highest score of 45.97 ± 1.81 out of 50. The overall satisfaction score on the program was 47.60 ± 1.50.

Conclusion:
The program demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the older population’s health literacy regarding drug and health product use. It holds potential as a strategy to encourage older people to rational drug use. Participants expressed a significant satisfaction with the program, recommended for the broader Thai older people community.
Evaluation of nanofat injection in postburn and post-traumatic facial scars
Authors: Abd Elfatah Mona R. , Hafez Atef A. , Dahy Asmaa A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
In addition to the physical deformity, there is often great psychological trauma due to facial scars among patients. Fat grafting in its various forms could be considered as a hallmark in scar rejuvenation therapy in the twenty-first century. This is due to the viable adipose-derived stem cells present in the nanofat.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanofat grafting on postburn and post-traumatic facial scars using a standardized and validated scale [patient observer scar assessment scale (POSAS)] and photographs.

Materials and methods
A total of 20 patients with facial scars (10 patients post-traumatic and 10 patients postburn) were studied. Preoperative scoring of the scars was performed with the POSAS, and photographs were taken. Fat aspiration was performed from the lower abdomen and thighs using syringe liposuction under tumescent anesthesia. The lipoaspirate was mechanically emulsified, filtered, and injected intralesionally into the scar using a 27 G needle. Postoperative scar reassessment was performed at 3 months using the POSAS scale and photographs. The improvements in scar characteristics and symptoms were tested statistically.

Results
On statistical analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement in symptoms such as pain, itching, stiffness, thickness and irregularity and scar characteristics such as vascularity, relief, pliability, thickness, and pigmentation 3 months after injection. The photographic comparison also showed good anesthetic outcome.

Conclusion
Autologous emulsified nanofat injection is effective in improving the scar characteristics as well as symptoms and aiding in scar rejuvenation.
Management of residual hip deformities secondary to Legg–Calve–Perthes disease in adults
Authors: Omar Mohammed K. , Sultan Abd E.M. , Ismail Mahmoud A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
The objective of this study is to systematically review the results of different studies related to the management of hip deformities secondary to Perthes’ disease in adults.

Patients and methods
Thirteen studies matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 316 adults including 326 hips that underwent 119 surgical hip dislocation (SHD), 49 periacetabular osteotomy, 111 SHD with periacetabular osteotomy, 16 intertrochanteric osteotomy with acetabular roof plasty, and 31 adductor tenotomy with cheilectomy of the femoral head. Their age was in the range from 19 to 42 years with clinical follow-up range (16–135 months). The degree of pain, function, range of movements, and deformities were evaluated.

Results
The SHD approach has a 360° view allowing full dynamic evaluation of the hip joint, identification, and correction of the most common residual deformations, leading to functional improvement and pain relief with low complication rates. Harris hip score was a common clinical parameter in a lot of studies and showed improvement from the average range (60–68.5) before surgery to 72–95 after it. In all, 188 hips were reported to have reduction in pain at last follow-up, but adequate clinical follow-up were not available for 112 hips. However, 26 patients were reported as a failure (defined as total hip arthroplasty or persistent or increased pain). Onset osteoarthritis advancement cannot be prevented in hips.

Conclusion
SHD provides the opportunity to achieve any kind of simultaneous femoral and acetabular osteotomies leading to functional improvement and pain relief with low complication rates.
Immunological markers changes in pediatric immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Hamada Sarah S. , Al Diwany Ola I. , Shahin Radwa S. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Individuals with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have cellular immune responses that show the characteristics of tolerance mechanisms that have broken down.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4 lymphocytes that express CXCR6 in untreated newly diagnosed ITP in pediatric patients and their correlation with each other, the platelet (PLT) count and other PLT indices.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was carried out that included 40 pediatric patients with ITP, and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were selected from Benha Children Hospital hematology clinic. Assessment of CD4+, CD25+, and FoxP3+as markers of Treg cells and also expression of the CXCR6 receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes to evaluate the percentage of Tregs and CD4/CXCR6 +T lymphocytes were investigated by flow cytometry.

Results
There was a marked reduction in CD4/CXCR6 and Tregs (P=0.02 and 0.001) in the ITP group versus the control group. In contrast, there was a marked increase in CD4/CD25+cells (P=0.002) in the ITP group compared with the control group. There was a considerable reduction in the PLT count and the hemoglobin concentration in the ITP group compared with the control group (P=0.000 and 0.01), while there was a significant increase in large platelet cell ratio and platelet distribution width in the ITP group in comparison to the control group (P=0.04 for both of them); also, there were insignificant differences in total leukocytic count and mean platelet volume in the ITP group in comparison to the control group (P=0.28 and 0.77).

Conclusion
There was a significant decrease in the concentration of CD4+ cells that express CXCR6+ and Treg percentage in ITP patients as compared with the controls, which may explain the defect in immune self-tolerance in ITP patients.
Corneal densitometry before and after corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus
Authors: Nassar Al Araby Abd E. , Wahab Mohamed AlTaher A. , Abou Ahmed Mahmoud S.M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder characterized by progressive corneal thinning that results in corneal protrusion, irregular astigmatism, and decreased vision.

Objective
To evaluate changes in corneal density following corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconic patients.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective case series study including all patients with keratoconus (50 eyes) undergoing CXL. The number of male patients in the study was 13 (26 eyes) cases, while female patients represented 12 (24 eyes) cases; the study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ophthalmology Department at Al Azhar University Hospital.

Results
There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K2, K-max, or thinnest corneal thickness preoperatively. There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K2, K-max or thinnest corneal thickness at 1 month postoperatively. There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K-max, or thinnest corneal thickness at 3 months postoperatively. Also, the table shows that there was statistically significant positive correlation between corneal densitometry and K2 with P value of 0.037 and r=0.296. There was no statistically significant correlation between corneal densitometry and K1, K2, K-max, or thinnest corneal thickness at 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusion
After CXL, the Scheimpflug corneal densitometry and clinical corneal haze peaked at 1 month followed by a gradual decline reaching baseline by 6 months after operation. Corneal thinning was correlated inversely with the corneal haze at 1 month postoperatively. Lens densitometry was not affected by CXL.
Identification of major protozoal enteropathogens causing calf diarrhea in dairy farms in and around Holeta Town, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmaye Diriba , Wagari Akinaw , Beriso Teshita Edaso 
Published: March 2024

Calf diarrhea can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and intestinal parasites. Giardia, Eimeria, and Cryptosporidium are the most significant protozoan parasites and are all individually and ollectively infectious. A case-series study was carried out in and around Holeta dairy farms, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia, from November 2017 to April 2018 to identify the main protozoan enteropathogens from diarrheic calves. Samples were purposely collected from three dairy farms: Serkalem Dairy Farm (SDF), Holeta Agricultural Research Centre (HARC), and Ada Berga Agricultural Research Centre (ABARC). A total of 93 fecal samples were taken from diarrheic calves of up to 4 months of age. Protozoan enteropathogens were identified using flotation and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining methods. Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, and Giardia were detected in 44 (47.3%), 50 (53.8%), and 34 (36.6%) of the diarrheic fecal samples examined, respectively. The findings indicated that there were 17 (18.27%) cases of Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, and Giardia as mixed infections, 16 (17.2%) cases of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria, 5 (5.4%) cases of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and 4 (4.3%) cases of Eimeria and Giardia, compared to 13 (13.97%), 6 (6.45%), and 5 (5.4%) cases of Cryptosporidium, Eimeria and Giardia as single infections, respectively. The selected farms had significant prevalence levels of three common protozoa: Eimeria, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Further molecular research is required to identify the species and genotype levels of protozoal enteropathogens and related risk factors.
The Fulani in Nigeria and their Herding System: Is it an Agro-Business or a Culture?
Authors: Cinjel Nandes Dickson , Oboromeni Weinoh 
Published: March 2024

The Fulani ethnic group is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken over a large area of westAfrican countries (Nigeria, Guinea Bissau, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Cameroon and Senegal). The Fulani have long history of herding and in Nigeria; the practice is enmeshed in their culture. This study seeks to investigate the Fulani culture and their herding system; is it an agrobusiness or a culture? The study being a nonexperimental research adopted survey research design. Data were elicited from array of documentary facts drawn from both published and unpublished materials. The study revealed that herding is supposed to be subsumed as an agro-business but it has been enmeshed in the culture of the Fulani’s herders in Nigeria. The study also found that the policies of Nigeria government on herding seem to treats the Fulani herding system as more of a culture and most of the policies of the state on herding are not properly planned and do not augur well with other users of land resources. The study recommends among others the need to introduce modern herding practices among the Fulani herders and they should be educated to embrace modern realities of the 21 centuries (urbanization, population outburst, intense increase on land resources, climate change, etc.) modern practices of herding (Ranching, Cow colony, Fattening, etc.).
Challenges of Local Government in the Provision of Primary Health Care Services in Ebonyi State. Nigeria
Authors: Nwakamma M.C. , Kenneth O. Iloanya , Taiwo O.S. 
Published: March 2024

Rural areas in Nigeria including Ebonyi State, suffer from development challenges. One of these challenges is inadequate provision of primary healthcare services to the people. This ugly condition has worsened the case of infant and maternal mortalities in Nigeria and Ebonyi State in particular and this demands urgent attention of the local governments as well as other key development partners in order to address the challenge and improve the standard of living of people at the grassroots. It is based on this that this study investigated the challenges of local government in the provision of primary healthcare services in Ebonyi State. Data were sourced from text books, journals, and internet and library materials. As a qualitative study, content and narrative techniques were adopted to analyze the study. The study revealed that minimum standards set for provision of primary healthcare service delivery have not been met in Ebonyi State; hence, local governments in the study area have not optimally contributed to reduction of infant and maternal mortalities due to certain factors which include: poor healthcare financing, dilapidated primary healthcare infrastructure, shortage of qualified healthcare personnel, corruption in the healthcare sector, and lack of broad-based data bank for beneficiaries of primary healthcare services in the area. The paper therefore recommended proper funding of primary healthcare centres in Ebonyi State in line with the international and national benchmarks. This can be achieved through increased budgetary allocations by granting financial autonomy to local governments; more hospitals and clinics should be provided to increase access to health care facilities; there is also urgent need for massive recruitment of qualified healthcare personnel in the study area to among other things improve the quality of healthcare services available to the people in the localities.
The Formation of American Historiography of the New Deal (1930s – early 1960s)
Authors: Lushchak V. 
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the formation of American historiography of the New Deal based on a comprehensive study of scientific and journalistic literature. The initial assessments of the New Deal date back to the presidential campaign of 1932 when it was still a preliminary theoretical reform program. During the political debates of the 1930s, opponents of F. Roosevelt criticized the New Deal because, in their opinion, it did not align with American traditions, operated with un-American approaches to public administration, etc. These assessments were significantly influenced by the international situation related to the crisis of capitalism and democratic governance in Europe. Political opponents, referring to experience overseas, unjustly regarded the New Deal as a manifestation of one of the European radical “isms”. The author of the article found that such assessments did not find a wide response in society, and the scientific works of researchers who defended similar theses were on the margins of historical debates around the New Deal.
The publication of their memoirs by most members of F. Roosevelt’s cabinet and his advisers, as well as the opening of access to the President’s library in Hyde Park, contributed to the formation of the first scientific assessments of the New Deal in the late 1940s. The historiography of the New Course had its “founding fathers”, to whom the author of this article includes – Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., B. Rauch, R. Hofstadter, F. Freidel, J. Burns, and W. Leuchtenburg. These researchers established a scientific basis that remains valid to this day, despite various attempts to revise it. They established certain historiographical trends and approaches to research and interpretation of this period in the 1950s. The author determined that the 1950s were marked by a debate between two schools of historical thought – Progressive and Consensus, regarding what the New Deal was – a continuation of the reform movement of previous decades, a turning point, or a revolution in American life and politics. In the research, the author considered and analyzed the main arguments and counterarguments of each of the schools.
Pengaruh Brand Ambassador, Promosi dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Sintia Arna , Riyanto Kuwat 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brand ambassadors, promotions, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions at Kopi Kenangan in North Cikarang. This type of research uses descriptive and verification methods which are carried out through data collection in the field. The research location was carried out in North Cikarang, precisely at Kopi Kenangan. The population is non probability sampling, so the technique for taking respondents is incidental. The sample used in this study was 100 people, namely all customers who visited Kopi Kenangan in North Cikarang and had purchased coffee or drinks sold at Kopi Kenangan outlets. The data collection used in this study was a questionnaire whose score was determined using a Likert scale. The data analysis method uses SmartPLS which is carried out in 3 (three) stages, including outer model analysis, inner model analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that brand ambassadors have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, promotions have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Brand ambassador, promotion, and price variables have an effect of 47.6%, where the remaining 52.4% is influenced by other variables outside of this study.