bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intersectional impact of climate change and gender inequalities in Africa
Authors: Okesanya Olalekan John , Alnaeem Khlood Fathi Hassan , Hassan Hakeem Kayode , Oso Adebimpe Tolutope , Adigun Olaniyi Abideen , Bouaddi Oumnia , Olaleke Noah Olabode , M kheir Sara Gabrallah , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Manirambona Emery , Asebot Melat Tesfaye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe global pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals underscores the importance of combating inequality, with climate change emerging as a significant threat, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This commentary explores the profound impact of climate change on the lives of women in Africa, shedding light on a critical issue where 80% of the female population in LMICs grapples with its far‐reaching consequences. Climate change is exacerbating existing gender disparities, particularly within the realms of agriculture, livelihoods, and resource access. Barriers like limited training and technology access hinder effective adaptation, perpetuating discrimination. Rooted deeply in social and cultural norms, the consequences of climate change negatively impact the human rights of women, resulting in increased vulnerability to illnesses, malnutrition, limited housing, and restricted support services. Health risks, including malaria transmission and respiratory diseases, further compound existing challenges, leading to increased rates of anemia, violence against women, alarming spikes in child marriages, and socio‐economic consequences. Integrated policies emphasizing gender mainstreaming, multisectoral approaches, and closing gender gaps in asset ownership are crucial to addressing these challenges. Education, training, and upskilling opportunities are essential to empowering women to confront climate change, further advocating for the development and enforcement of laws and policies recognizing gender differences and safeguarding women's rights. Moreover, there is a need for integrated solutions to foster sustainable development in Africa, as climate change is not a standalone issue but rather intertwines with various aspects of life. By advocating for policies that promote gender equality, education, and resource access, it seeks to pave the way for a more resilient and empowered female population, capable of navigating the complexities of climate change and contributing to the broader goal of sustainable development on the African continent.
Multiagent robotic systems and exploration algorithms: Applications for data collection in construction sites
Authors: Prieto Samuel A. , Giakoumidis Nikolaos , García de Soto Borja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe construction industry has been notoriously slow to adopt new technology and embrace automation. This has resulted in lower efficiency and productivity compared to other industries where automation has been widely adopted. However, recent advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence offer a potential solution to this problem. In this study, a methodology is proposed to integrate multirobotic systems in construction projects with the aim of increasing efficiency and productivity. The proposed approach involves the use of multiple robot and human agents (HA) working collaboratively to complete a construction task. The methodology was tested through a case study that involved 3D digitization of a small, occluded space using two robots and one HA. The results show that integrating multiagent robotic systems (MARS) in construction can effectively overcome challenges and complete tasks efficiently. The implications of this study suggest that MARS could revolutionize the industry.
Soil carbon and aggregate stability are positively related and increased under combined soil amendment, tillage, and cover cropping practices
Authors: Thapa Binita , Mowrer Jake 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgricultural practices alter the organic carbon dynamics in soil. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of carbon amendments, tillage, and cover cropping on permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), total organic carbon (TOC), and wet aggregate stability (WAS) in a 2‐year crop sequence (corn–cover crop–cotton–cover crop) at the Texas A&M Research Farm. Two carbon amendments (biochar and composted biosolid) were applied at the rate of 500 kg C ha−1, along with a control. Two tillage practices were evaluated: conventional tillage (CT) and no‐tillage (No‐Till). A cover crop (CC) mixture of oat, mustard, and pea and no cover crop (No‐CC) were also evaluated. Treatments were arranged in a split‐split plot design with four replications. Amending the soil with carbon as composted biosolid or biochar affected POXC at both the 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 15‐cm depths. The POXC was significantly higher for the biochar treated plots for corn and CC after corn but significantly lower POXC was observed after cotton with biochar‐treated plots. The POXC increased under No‐Till compared with CT and CC plots relative to No‐CC plots. The TOC was not sensitive to soil management practices. The POXC and TOC both decreased with depth. The WAS greater under No‐Till and CC plots. The POXC and WAS were influenced by soil management practices and can be useful indicators to assess short‐term soil health improvements. The POXC and WAS were positively related, suggesting that one may be used to predict the other.
Can saturated paste be used to predict bulk density in annual cropping systems in California?
Authors: Suarez Romero Veronica , Light Sarah E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil bulk density (BD) is important for measuring changes in soil chemical, physical, and biological properties; however, the measurement is tedious to collect and requires specialized equipment. Database measurements for soil surface BD do not always correspond to present field conditions as field management can alter BD in time. Saturation percentage (SP) is a routine lab measurement. The objectives of this study are to (1) understand if a relationship between BD and SP can be developed and (2) build a model that predicts BD based on a routine low‐cost lab analysis. We collected 83 soil samples from different experimental sites around California's Central Valley. At each site, BD, SP, soil organic matter (OM), and soil total organic carbon were measured. A set of models were generated and compared based on their Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted R2. The best two models are presented in this paper, and their accuracy and precision in estimating BD were further compared by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) and the R2 of the predicted versus values measured in the field. We determined that a strong relationship between BD and SP exists (R2 = 0.70) and that a cubic model that includes SP and OM resulted in the best model to predict BD in California soils. Inclusion of additional data may further strengthen this model or make it applicable for other grower regions.
Enhanced Computational Study with Experimental Correlation on I–V Characteristics of Tantalum Oxide (TaOx) Memristor Devices in a 1T1R Configuration
Authors: Sihn Sangwook , Chambers William L. , Abedin Minhaz , Beckmann Karsten , Cady Nathaniel , Ganguli Sabyasachi , Roy Ajit K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMemristors, non‐volatile switching memory platform, has recently attracted significant interest, offering unique potential to enable the realization of human brain‐like neuromorphic computing efficiency. Memristors also demonstrate excellent temperature tolerance, long‐term durability, and high tunability with nanosecond pulses, making them highly attractive for neuromorphic computing applications. To better understand the material processing, microstructure, and property relationship of switching mechanisms in memristor devices, computational methodologies, and tools are developed to predict the I–V characteristics of memristor devices based on tantalum oxide (TaOx) resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM) integrated with an n‐channel metal–oxide–semiconductor (NMOS) transistor. A multiphysics model based on coupled partial differential equations for electrical and thermal transport phenomena is solved for the high‐ and low‐resistance states during the formation, growth, and destruction of a conducting filament through SET and RESET stages. These stages effectively represent the migration of oxygen vacancies within an oxide exchange layer. A series of parametric studies and energy minimization calculations are conducted to determine probable ranges for key material and model parameters accounting for the experimental data. The computational model successfully predicted the measured I–V curves across various gate voltages applied to the NMOS transistor in the one transistor one resistance (1T1R) configuration.
Organic‐Hydrochloride‐Modified ZnO Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Defect Passivation and Stress Release in Rigid and Flexible all Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Tang Xiaoxuan , Xiong Jie , Xu Weiwei , Zhou Heng , Yu Chaohan , Lou Yanhui , Feng Lai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite (AIP) has attracted great attention due to its excellent resistance against thermal stress as well as the remarkable capability to deliver high‐voltage output. However, CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) still encounter critical challenges in attaining both high efficiency and mechanical stability for commercial applications. In this work, formamidine disulfide dihydrochloride (FADD) modified ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) has been developed for fabricating inverted devices on either rigid or flexible substrate. It is found that the FADD modification leads to efficient defects passivation, thereby significantly reducing charge recombination at the AIP/ETL interface. As a result, rigid PeSCs (r‐PeSCs) deliver an enhanced efficiency of 16.05% and improved long‐term thermal stability. Moreover, the introduced FADD can regulate the Young's modulus (or Derjaguin‐Muller‐Toporov (DMT) modilus) of ZnO ETL and dissipate stress concentration at the AIP/ETL interface, effectively restraining the crack generation and improving the mechanical stability of PeSCs. The flexible PeSCs (f‐PeSCs) exhibit one of the best performances so far reported with excellent stability against 6000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 5 mm. This work thus provides an effective strategy to simultaneously improve the photovoltaic performance and mechanical stability.
P‐Bridging Asymmetry Diatomic Catalysts Sites Drive Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Nan , Mei Riguo , Chen Liqiong , Yang Tao , Chen Zhongwei , Lin Xidong , Liu Qingxia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) rely on the development of high‐performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts to facilitate efficient oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER). Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), characterized by their precisely defined active sites, have great potential for applications in ZABs. However, the design and architecture of atomic site electrocatalysts with both high activity and durability present significant challenges, owing to their spatial confinement and electronic states. In this study, a strategy is proposed to fabricate structurally uniform dual single‐atom electrocatalyst (denoted as P‐FeCo/NC) consisting of P‐bridging Fe and Co bimetal atom (i.e., Fe‐P‐Co) decorated on N, P‐co‐doped carbon framework as an efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for ZABs. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that the Fe‐P‐Co bridge‐coupling structure enables a facile adsorption/desorption of oxygen intermediates and low activation barrier. The resultant P‐FeCo/NC exhibits ultralow overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER and high half‐wave potential of 0.95 V for ORR. In addition, the application of P‐FeCo/NC in rechargeable ZABs demonstrates enhanced performance with maximum power density of 115 mW cm−2 and long cyclic stability, which surpass Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. This study provides valuable insights into the design and mechanism of atomically dispersed catalysts for energy conversion applications.
Tuning Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity: Insights from the Active‐Site Distance in LnCu6 Clusters
Authors: Chen Jia‐Nan , Pan Zhong‐Hua , Sun Fu‐Li , Wu Ping‐Xin , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Zhuang Gui‐Lin , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun , Kong Xiang‐Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAtomically precise metal clusters serve as a unique model for unraveling the intricate mechanism of the catalytic reaction and exploring the complex relationship between structure and activity. Herein, three series of water‐soluble heterometallic clusters LnCu6, abbreviated as LnCu6‐AC (Ln = La, Nd, Gd, Er, Yb; HAC = acetic acid), LnCu6‐IM (Ln = La and Nd; IM = Imidazole), and LnCu6‐IDA (Ln = Nd; H2IDA = Iminodiacetic acid) are presented, each featuring a uniform metallic core stabilized by distinct protected ligands. Crystal structure analysis reveals a triangular prism topology formed by six Cu2+ ions around one Ln3+ ion in LnCu6, with variations in Cu···Cu distances attributed to different ligands. Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shows that these different LnCu6 clusters exhibit different OER activities with remarkable turnover frequency of 135 s−1 for NdCu6‐AC, 79 s−1 for NdCu6‐IM and 32 s−1 for NdCu6‐IDA. Structural analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations underscore the correlation between shorter Cu···Cu distances and improves OER catalytic activity, emphasizing the pivotal role of active‐site distance in regulating electrocatalytic OER activities. These results provide valuable insights into the OER mechanism and contribute to the design of efficient homogeneous OER electrocatalysts.
An empirical investigation of the relationship between pattern grime and code smells
Authors: Alharbi Maha , Alshayeb Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDevelopers are encouraged to adopt good design practices to maintain good software quality during the system's evolution. However, some modifications and changes to the system could cause code smells and pattern grime, which might incur more maintenance effort. As the presence of both code smells and pattern grime is considered a bad sign and raises a flag at code segments that need more careful examination, a potential connection between them may exist. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to (1) empirically investigate the potential relationship between the accumulation of pattern grime and the presence of code smells and (2) evaluate the significance of individual code smells when they appear in a specific pattern grime category. To achieve this goal, we performed an empirical study using six‐grime metrics and 10 code smells on five Java open‐source projects ranging from 217 to 563 classes. Our statistical results indicate that, in general, the growth of grime is more likely to co‐occur with code smells using Spearman's correlation and Odd Ratio test. Specifically, there is a strong positive association between the growth of pattern grime at the class level and the presence of Shotgun Surgery smell according to the result of applying the Apriori algorithm, which gives conviction values equal to 1.66. The findings in this paper are helpful for developers and researchers as the presence of pattern grime could be considered a factor in improving the performance of existing smell detection methods. Furthermore, the link between grime and smells can be exploited as a hint for smell distribution in the system.
Young and resilient: Unraveling papillary thyroid cancer outcomes in males under 40
Authors: Hood Caleb , Zmijewski Polina V. , McLeod M. Chandler , Herring Brendon , Bahl Deepti , Fazendin Jessica , Lindeman Brenessa , Chen Herbert , Gillis Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile males present with more adverse clinicopathologic features in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), younger age has previously been shown to be a favorable prognostic factor. We examined the combined effect of male sex and young age on PTC outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of thyroid cancer surgery patients (2000–2020) at a single quaternary care institution. We included papillary thyroid carcinoma cases and excluded those with prior cancer‐related thyroid surgery. We examined demographics, cancer stage, surgical outcomes, and complications by age and sex, analyzing groups below and above the age of 40 years.ResultsA total of 680 patients with PTC were included. Females constituted 68% (age ≥40 years: 44% and <40 years: 24%) and males 32% (≥40 years: 24% and <40 years: 8%). A significant difference (p < 0.001) of N1 disease distribution was found between the groups. N1a metastasis was greater in patients younger than 40 regardless of sex ((M < 40 (15%), F < 40 (15%), M ≥ 40 (12%), and F ≥ 40 (9%)). While, M < 40 had greater N1b metastasis (36%) than all other groups (M ≥ 40 (28%), F < 40 (22%), and F ≥ 40 (10%)). There was no significant difference in the distribution of T stages between groups. Groups showed no differences in 30‐day outcomes, recurrence at 1 year, reoperation, mortality, nerve injury, or hypocalcemia.ConclusionsYoung males with PTC face increased occurrence of nodal metastasis yet experience similar recurrence rates as their female and older counterparts. Subgroup analysis underscores the predictive role of sex and age in advanced PTC cases.
Soret and Dufour effects on two dimensional steady MHD flow past a semi‐infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of thermal radiation and radiation heat absorption with constant heat and mass flux
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Khanam Masuma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe problem of a two‐dimensional steady, MHD convective, incompressible, viscous flow past a uniformly moving semi‐infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of radiation heat absorption, thermal radiation, thermal diffusion, and diffusion thermo effects with constant heat and mass flux are studied. In the fluid region, a transversely oriented, homogeneous magnetic field of intensity is applied. The non‐dimensional governing equations are solved analytically adopting asymptotic series expansion method. The impacts of several physical quantities including Grashof number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, Soret number, radiation absorption, radiation parameter, magnetic field within the flow domain and transport characteristic have been explored graphically. It has been found that fluid velocity and skin friction fall with enhancing the values of magnetic parameter. Further, temperature and concentration fields rise with an increase in the Soret effect.
Narrative-Network Dynamics in Tipping Processes Towards Low-Carbon Energy Futures: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Cynthia , Tàbara J. David , Takama Takeshi , Saurí David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeliberate actions by social networks and their transformative visions can generate the necessary conditions for the emergence of positive tipping points towards sustainability, such as those that create qualitative, structural changes in sustainable development goals. However, there is a need for more empirical research conducted in non-Western countries to assess these complex processes. In this research, we customised Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA) and combined it with participatory narrative analysis, social-ecological network analysis and Q-methodology to capture the transformation processes in social network structures with their guiding visions in two coal- and carbon-intensive regions (CCIRs) of Indonesia: Banten and Bali Province. Our research approach tracked transformation narratives and visions and their associated network dynamics and showed that they could be used as anticipatory social tipping signals (ASTS) in deliberate transformation-oriented tipping point processes. Our study revealed two guiding visions actors use to guide their transformative actions to change the energy system. Those transformations emphasise (i) governance coordination and (ii) socio-economic diversification. We argue that making explicit the presence of and promoting dialogue among different visions towards sustainability can promote new opportunities for mutual learning and transformative strategy building among diverse social networks.
Transformations, Agency and Positive Tipping Points: A Resilience-Based Approach
Authors: Olsson Per , Moore Michele-Lee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on a social-ecological systems (SES) resilience-based approach to critically examine the relationship between tipping points and transformative change. Resilience science provides a framework for understanding the dynamics and interdependencies of complex systems and their ability to persist, adapt, or transform in response to change and uncertainty. Transformation refers to a deliberate and fundamental restructuring of a system or a set of relationships that hold a system in a particular state. We argue that the integration of a resilience-based approach to transformations can enhance the understanding of the link between tipping points and transformations, as well as the agency and capacities required to navigate them. In particular, we focus on how transformations research emphasizes the need to: better understand tipping points as one of many aspects of deeper transformation processes, include consideration of the distributed nature of agency and relationships, and how uncertainties will emerge in relation to shocks and disturbances which will surround tipping points. To achieve this, we drawing on the inter- and transdisciplinary scholarship related to transformations to sustainability including leverage points, social-ecological tipping points, disaster resilience, and case studies. We conclude that social tipping alone is insufficient; instead, there is a need for capacities to navigate the entire tipping process, or the full range of tipping dynamics, toward desired outcomes.
Universal asymptotics for high energy CFT data
Authors: Benjamin Nathan , Lee Jaeha , Ooguri Hirosi , Simmons-Duffin David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Equilibrium finite temperature observables of a CFT can be described by a local effective action for background fields — a “thermal effective action”. This effective action determines the asymptotic density of states of a CFT as a detailed function of dimension and spin. We discuss subleading perturbative and nonperturbative corrections to the density, comparing with free and holographic examples. We furthermore show how to use the thermal effective action on more complicated geometries at special locations called “hot spots”. The hot spot idea makes a prediction for a CFT partition function on a higher-dimensional version of a genus-2 Riemann surface, in a particular high temperature limit. By decomposing the partition function into a novel higher-dimensional version of genus-2 conformal blocks (which we compute at large scaling dimension), we extract the asymptotic density of heavy-heavy-heavy OPE coefficients in a higher-dimensional CFT. We also compute asymptotics of thermal 1-point functions using the same techniques.