bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and application of helix–helix distance and crossing angle restraint potentials
Authors: Lee Jinhyuk , Im Wonpil 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBased on the definition of helix–helix distance and crossing angle introduced by Chothia et al. (J Mol Biol 1981, 145, 215), we have developed the restraint potentials by which the distance and crossing angle of two selected helices can be maintained around target values during molecular dynamics simulations. A series of assessments show that calculated restraint forces are numerically accurate. Since the restraint forces are only exerted on atoms which define the helical principal axes, each helix can rotate along its helical axis, depending on the helix–helix intermolecular interactions. Such a restraint potential enables us to characterize the helix–helix interactions at atomic details by sampling their conformational space around specific distance and crossing angle with (restraint) force‐dependent fluctuations. Its efficacy is illustrated by calculating the potential of mean force as a function of helix–helix distance between two transmembrane helical peptides in an implicit membrane model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 28: 669–680, 2007
Transcription and epigenetic profile of the promoter, first exon and first intron of the human tyrosine hydroxylase gene
Authors: Romano Gaetano , Macaluso Marcella , Lucchetti Chiara , Iacovitti Lorraine 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe transcriptional and chromatin profile of the promoter, first exon and first intron of the human TH gene were analyzed in human neuroblastoma BE(2)‐C‐16 and human renal carcinoma 293FT cell lines. The latter is a cell culture system that is not permissive for TH gene expression, whereas the former has a 50% cell fraction that tests positive for TH. The engineering of a 6.3 kb recombinant human TH promoter revealed the presence of repressors of transcription between positions (−6,244/−194). The addition of a 1.2 kb fragment of the first intron of the human TH gene (+730/+1,653) enhanced transcriptional activity of the recombinant promoter. However, both constructs were not specific for TH‐positive BE(2)‐C‐16 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip) analysis was carried out on BE(2)‐C‐16 and 293FT cells to probe sequences of promoter, first exon and first intron of the human TH gene from position (−448/+1,204). The presence of nucleosomes was observed approximately from position (−20/+473) in both cell lines. Chip analysis was then conducted to determine the acetylation of various lysine residues of H3 and H4 in both cell lines. All analyzed lysine residues of H3 and H4 were acetylated in BE(2)‐C‐16 cells, whereas 293FT cells tested positive for acetylation only in the external lysine residues of the histone tail. Our data are compatible with an active TH gene expression in a 50% cell fraction of BE(2)‐C‐16 cells. Further analysis of epigenetic programming might lead to the identification of the factors that determine TH gene expression specifically in dopaminergic neurons. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 431–438, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms involved in self‐renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Liu Na , Lu Min , Tian Xuemei , Han Zhongchao 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ES cells) are derived from inner cell mass (ICM). The self‐renewal and pluripotency are the main specificities of ES cells, which are likely to reveal a deeper understanding of human cellular biology and which are considered to be promising sources for cell therapy to treat patients with degenerative diseases in clinical. Growth of ES cells as a pluripotent population requires a balance between survival, proliferation, and self‐renewal signals. In fact, the precise mechanism that regulates stem cell self‐renewal and pluripotency remains largely unknown. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have identified several genetic regulators that may play important roles in the self‐renewal and pluripotency process of human and mouse ES cells, including extracellular signaling factors, transcription factors, cell‐cycle regulators, microRNA, genes implicated in chromosomal stability, and DNA methylation. In this review, we will summarize the currently known molecular regulators for ES cells self‐renewal, and we will propose some possibilities to explain the ways in which these distinct pathways might interact. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 279–286, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CO2‐enhanced sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for small hepatocellular carcinoma poorly defined on conventional sonography
Authors: Ohmoto Kenji , Yoshioka Naoko , Tomiyama Yasuyuki , Shibata Norikuni , Kawase Tomoya , Yoshida Koji , Kuboki Makoto , Yamamoto, Shinichiro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma located just below the right hemidiaphragm that was diagnosed as having hepatitis C virus–related cirrhosis 12 years ago. Although the lesion was not clear on conventional sonography, it was clearly defined on CO2‐enhanced sonography, allowing safe and accurate radiofrequency ablation. By combining radiofrequency ablation with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, extensive cauterization and complete tumor necrosis were obtained with only 1 session of treatment. The patient had no serious adverse effects and has shown no recurrence during 35 months of follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007.
Production of steviosides in ex vitro and in vitro grown Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Authors: Rajasekaran T , Giridhar P , Ravishankar GA 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants grown in vitro and ex vitro were investigated for variations in the profile of steviosides in their leaves, shoots, roots and flowers. Steviosides were extracted by hydrolysis and esterification, evaporated to dryness and dissolved in methanol for quantitative analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC analysis and separation profiles indicated the presence of several different steviosides, predominantly eight known sweet diterpene glycosides. The most abundant compounds identified were steviolbioside, stevioside, rebaudiosides C and A and dulcoside A. The highest stevioside contents were recorded in 1‐month‐old greenhouse leaves (64.80 g steviolbioside kg−1 dried plant material) and in vitro leaves (0.99 g rebaudioside A kg−1 dried plant material). The recovery of steviosides from the leaves by methanol extraction was 90%. This is the first time that the eight predominant sweet diterpene glycosides in the various plant parts of S. rebaudiana have been investigated. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimisation of flours for chapatti preparation using a mixture design
Authors: Rehman Salim Ur , Paterson Alistair , Piggott John R 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA mixture design was evaluated for the preparation of composite chapatti flours from two wheat cultivars, Mercia and Galahad, as single cultivars did not yield flours suitable for chapatti production. Physicochemical and rheological tests were applied to determine flour quality. Dough development time (Peak time) and dough stability increased and tolerance index decreased with increasing level of Mercia in the composite flour. Instron and sensory tests were applied to evaluate changes in softness of chapattis at different intervals of storage. Maximum response in texture softness was found with 500 g kg−1 Mercia in the composite flour. Dough prepared from this composite flour showed low stickiness, moderate sheeting resistance and moderate subsequent shrinkage, making it of suitable sheeting quality for chapatti production. It yielded chapatti of soft texture whose scoop formation capability did not change significantly during storage. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality of grated carrot (var. Nantes) packed under vacuum
Authors: Rocha Ada MCN , Ferreira João FFC , Silva Ângelo MM , Almeida Gonçalo N , Morais Alcina MMB 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe quality of grated carrot (variety Nantes) was evaluated throughout 10 days of storage in two different atmospheres: air and vacuum at 2 °C. The parameters of quality were microbiological and physico‐chemical. Sensory evaluation of vacuum‐packed grated carrots was performed after the microbiology study. The objective was to study the use of a vacuum for preservation of this type of product. The use of a vacuum was sufficiently promising with respect to the capacity to extend the shelf life of grated carrot by reducing microbial load and by minimising physico‐chemical changes. The shelf life of grated carrot under vacuum was extended to 8 days at 2 °C. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of fried and fried‐treated oils with different filter aids on rat health
Authors: Farag Radwan S , El‐Anany Ayman M 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSoybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils were fried continuously at 180 ± 5 °C for 12 h. Fried oil quality was regenerated by adding individually Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin at 2% level, then stirring mechanically at 105 °C for 15 min and filtering. A set of nutritional experiments was conducted in which rats were administered standard diets containing non‐fried, fried and fried‐treated oils with various filter aids. The safety limits of the fried‐treated oils were recognized by measuring the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (AP), and levels of total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of rat sera. Also, histopathological evaluation of rat liver tissues was microscopically done to detect any damage that might occur due to feeding rats on non‐fried, fried and fried‐treated oils. Administration of fried oils to rats induced significant rises in activities of ALT, AST and AP, and increases in the levels of total lipids and total cholesterol. The results demonstrate that there were non‐significant changes in sera levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol in rats fed diets containing various types of soybean, sunflower and cottonseed oils. Administration of fried‐treated oils to rat diets indicates that the activities of ALT, AST and AP and levels of sera constituents were similar to those of rats given non‐fried oils. Palm oil exceptionally behaved differently from the other oils. Palm oil raised sera total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and lowered HDL cholesterol level. Histopathological examination of rat liver tissues indicated that changes paralleled the biochemical data. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Secretagogue and bacteriostatic active fractions derived from a peptic hydro‐ lysate of alfalfa RuBisCO small purified subunit
Authors: Trovaslet Marie , Kapel Romain , Ravallec‐Plé Rozenn , Mouni Fadoua , Clarisse Martine , Faille Christine , Dhulster Pascal , Guillochon Didier , Vercaigne‐Marko Dominique 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFor the first time a purification process for small RuBisCO (ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) subunit (SRS) was developed from an industrial by‐product of alfalfa, taking advantage of its solubility at low pH. Only one protein strip (14 kDa) was clearly detected in the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) profile of the supernatant at pH 2. The recovery of SRS was 48% by this method, with a purity estimated as 98% by densitometry and reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Moreover, most polyphenolic compounds were discarded, as confirmed by spectrophotometry and RP‐HPLC. SRS hydrolysis was performed for 20 h at 37 °C using pepsin in ammonia/formic acid buffer at pH 3. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G25 column equilibrated with ethanolamine/HCl buffer. Biological activities were found in two fractions. The first fraction showed slight bacteriostatic properties against two pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella arizonae and Shigella sonnei. The second fraction, tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA), presented a secretagogue activity comparable to that of gastrin. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Antibiotics: Has the magic gone?
Authors: Chander Yogesh , Gupta Satish C , Goyal Sagar M , Kumar Kuldip 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has diminished the efficacy of several antibiotics that were used to treat infectious diseases in humans and animals. In recent years, the problem of antibiotic resistance has become more apparent as increasing numbers of bacteria have acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. Antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth through a variety of mechanisms including inhibition of cell wall or protein synthesis, interference with DNA (or RNA) replication, and disruption of metabolic pathways or cell membrane. Bacteria develop resistance through genetic mutations or by acquiring resistant genes involved in the production of antibiotic degrading enzymes, overproduction of target molecules, efflux pumps to drain out antibiotics, and/or altered cell wall permeability to survive adverse physiological conditions. Published literature suggests that sub‐therapeutic feeding of food animals for growth promotion along with casual use of antibiotics in household products such as soaps and creams is contributing to increased antimicrobial resistance in the environment. If steps are not taken to minimize selective pressure on bacteria, the effectiveness of antibiotics (hailed as ‘magic bullets’) may be marginalized. Important steps in the judicious use of antibiotics on the farm are: (1) education of farmers on the pitfalls of using antibiotics sub‐therapeutically in the production of food animals; (2) development of animal production practices that reduce dependence on antibiotics; and (3) development of manure disposal practices that minimize the spread of residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the environment. In addition, educating the general public on the use and misuse of antibiotics in daily life is also important if there is to be any significant impact on reducing the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The production of provitamin A‐rich vegetables in home‐gardens as a means of addressing vitamin A deficiency in rural African communities
Authors: Faber Mieke , van Jaarsveld Paul J 
Published: December 2006

AbstractVitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in the developing world. The highest prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is in Africa and Asia (>30%). Dietary modification, a long‐term strategy to address vitamin A deficiency, complements food fortification and vitamin A supplementation programmes. Provitamin A carotenoids from foods of plant origin are more affordable than preformed vitamin A from animal foods, and many resource‐poor households rely on yellow/orange‐fleshed vegetables and fruits and dark‐green leafy vegetables as their main source of vitamin A. The provitamin A carotenoid content in plant foods varies widely and differences among cultivars of the same food exist. Several factors influence the bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids. The potential contribution of plant foods to vitamin A status depends on the retention of provitamin A carotenoids after storage, preparation and processing. Home‐gardens can provide households with direct access to provitamin A‐rich vegetables that are not readily available or within their financial reach. The components and critical issues of home‐garden projects are described. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Predictors for long‐term survival after interdisciplinary salvage surgery for advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancers
Authors: Fleisch M.C. , Pantke P. , Beckmann M.W. , Schnuerch H.G. , Ackermann R. , Grimm M.O. , Bender H.G. , Dall P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe wanted to identify factors which allow predicting long‐term survival after pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies.MethodsAll patients undergoing PE at our institution from 1983 to 2002 were screened. In 203 cases data were obtainable and analyzed with respect to factors predicting outcome considering morbidity, mortality, and survival. Follow‐up data and data concerning late complications not documented in our records were obtained by telephone interviews.ResultsMean age was 55 (22–77) years. PE was performed for locally advanced (36%) or recurrent (64%) cervical (n = 133), endometrial (n = 26), vaginal (n = 23), vulvar (n = 10), and ovarian cancer (n = 11, cases with rectum and/or bladder resections). In 13.4% (n = 26) the intent of the procedure was palliation in the remaining cure. Procedures performed were anterior (n = 91), posterior (45), or total (n = 67) PE. 53% of patients underwent preoperative radio‐chemotherapy, 11.8% as a neoadjuvant treatment. Mean OR time was 8.1 hr, an average of 5.6 units of packed red blood cells were perioperatively transfused. Microscopically complete resection was achievable in n = 69 patients. Perioperative mortality was 1% (n = 2). Seventy‐one percent (n = 144) of patients were available for follow‐up. Five‐year overall survival in patients treated with a curative intent was 21%, 5‐year survival in those patients with complete resection was 32%. Forty‐two percent of patients with a complete resection without lymph node involvement, age 30–50, curative intention, and the absence of a pelvic sidewall infiltration survived 5 years or longer.ConclusionIn our series a 5‐year survival rate of over 40% could be achieved for nodal‐negative patients without pelvic sidewall infiltration when treated with curative intent and after complete resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007; 95: 476–484. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decisions for extent of gastric surgery in gastric cancer patients: Younger patients require more attention than the elderly
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Ryu Keun Won , Lee Jong Seok , Lee Jong Ryeol , Kim Chan Gyoo , Choi Il Ju , Park Sook Ryun , Kook Myeong‐Cherl , Kim Young‐Woo , Bae Jae‐Moon 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a prevailing belief that young patients with gastric adenocarcinomas have a more aggressive disease.MethodsWe reviewed the prospectively collected database of 753 gastric adenocarcinomas patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy. Clinicopathological factors and the survival rates for each pathological TNM stage were compared between patients younger than 40 years of age and the others.ResultsFifty‐four (9.8%) patients were younger than 40 years of age. The overall accuracy of the intra‐operative stage was 62.5%; 54.0% in the young patients and 63.5% in older patients (P = 0.006). Intraoperative under‐staging was more commonly seen in the younger patients when compared to the older patients. These trends were more prominent in patients with surgical stage I disease. Age proved to be an independent risk factor influencing the accuracy of intraoperative staging using a logistic regression analysis. There was no difference in overall 3‐year survival rate between the two age groups for each pathological TNM stage.ConclusionsThe present study showed that intra‐operative under‐staging was more common in young patients with gastric cancer, especially with stage I disease. This finding raises the concern for inaccurate diagnosis and surgical under treatment in younger patients with stage I gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007; 95: 485–490. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of germline and tumor mutations of p53 gene in familial occurrence of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Kudawara Ikuo , Matsumine Akihiko , Ohzono Kenji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundFamilial soft tissue sarcomas are extremely rare. There is little information available on the clinical features and molecular findings of the hereditary occurrence of mesenchymal tumor.Patients and MethodsA woman and her younger brother had malignant fibrous histiocytoma (pleomorphic type) and liposarcoma (pleomorphic type) in the lower limbs, respectively. Analysis of p53 mutations in exons 5–9 of the tumor and in germ‐line was done.ResultsA guanine to adenine substitution occurred in CGC, codon 175 of exon 5 in p53 gene, to CAC in the tumor sample of Case 1. Likewise, a thymine to cytosine substitution occurred in TTT, codon 270 of exon 8 in p53 gene, to TCT in tumor sample of Case 2. Germline mutations were not seen in the either patients.ConclusionsDifferent missense mutations of p53 were detected in each tumor, however no germline mutations of p53 were found. The alteration of codon 175 in Case 1 is relatively common mutation. On the contrary, the mutation in codon 270 in Case 2 was extremely rare in cancers. Further molecular investigation is needed to understand the mechanism in familial occurrence of sarcomas. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immediate dynamic lymphoscintigraphy delivers no additional value to lymphoscintigraphy 3 hr after tracer injection in sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Edwina Doting M.H. , Annemiek Stiekema H.M. , de Vries Jakob , Lemstra Clara , Hoekstra Harald J. , Vrieling Mirjam , Rietman Lianne , Jager Pieter L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveImmediate dynamic imaging enables accurate definition of sentinel lymph nodes, whereas imaging 3 hr after tracer injection may lead to overestimation of the number of sentinel lymph nodes. A study was performed to define the value of lymphoscintigraphy immediately versus 3 hr after tracer injection in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer management.MethodsIn 165 sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures preoperative immediate and 3 hr post‐injection lymphoscintigraphy was performed after intraparenchymal tracer administration.ResultsLymph node visualization occurred in 63 immediate procedures (38%) versus in 163 procedures 3 hr post‐injection (99%). In 17 procedures (10%) in which immediate lymphoscintigraphy had visualized sentinel lymph nodes, additional nodes had been seen on 3 hr post‐injection lymphoscintigraphy. In eight of these procedures (5%) all nodes were detected in the same draining lymph node basin. Non‐axillary sentinel lymph nodes were identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in 28 procedures (17%) and improved staging in three patients (5%).ConclusionThe only impact of immediate lymphoscintigraphy was the possible omission of removal of 1–2 sec‐echelon nodes per patient in 5% of patients. We consider this yield too low to continue immediate lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:469–475. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in female veterans with military and civilian sexual trauma
Authors: Himmelfarb Naomi , Yaeger Deborah , Mintz Jim 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study examines relationships among military sexual trauma (MST), nonmilitary sexual trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A sample of 196 female veterans was assessed for trauma occurring before, during, and after military service, and for current PTSD. The prevalence of MST was higher than that of premilitary and postmilitary sexual trauma. Premilitary trauma did not significantly increase the odds of experiencing MST, but did increase the odds of experiencing postmilitary sexual trauma. Logistic regression analyses revealed MST was more strongly associated with PTSD than was premilitary or postmilitary trauma. Women with MST had the greatest increased odds of developing PTSD. Understanding risk factors for and taking steps to prevent MST may reduce cases of PTSD in female veterans.