bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Être maya et travailler dans une maquiladora.
Authors: Castelán Edith Mora 
Published: April 2008

Être maya et travailler dans une maquiladora., Marie
France Labrècque., Québec : Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2005, 189 pp.Pour faire connaître la réalité économique
et sociale d'un fragment de la société maya,
l'auteure emmène le lecteur dans des maquiladoras
établies à la frontière sud du Mexique, sur le sol du
Yucatan. Comme le titre le suggère, ce livre veut illustrer une des
problématiques contemporaines les plus courantes : la collision de
sens entre un monde “ traditionnel ” et la modernité
forcée. Même si cette dichotomie d'archétypes
sociétaux est caduque, elle est utile pour comprendre les
implications de la conjoncture globale de néolibéralisme
économique et des idéologies politiques d'État.
Par corollaire, il faut comprendre la conjoncture générale,
c'est-à-dire, saisir les intentions des entreprises
étrangères et du gouvernement mexicain qui aboutissent
à la création de maquiladoras non seulement au nord
mais aussi au sud du pays, ainsi que les conséquences de cette
“ nouvelle réalité ” pour les principaux
intéressés : les mayas. Or, les mayas sont loin
d'être un groupe homogène. D'ailleurs
l'arrivée des maquiladoras a contribué
à la disparition du maya “ traditionnel ”, car la
métisation ou désindianisation provoque
une perte d'identité chez les indigènes qui ne se
revendiquent plus comme tels.
The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy
Authors: Pratt Cranford 
Published: April 2008

The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy,
Deen Chatterjee, ed., Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy;
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. xi, 292.Many, indeed most, of the contributors to this volume address aspects
of one or other of two rather different discourses that are prominent
within the contemporary literature on international humanitarian
assistance. The first is the basis for, and extent of, our individual,
personal obligations towards those with whom we have no connection but who
are suffering grievously. The second is the obligation that richer
countries have towards much poorer countries.
STRUCTURE OF CORADICAL FILTRATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO HOPF ALGEBRAS OF DIMENSIONpq
Authors: FUKUDA DAIJIRO 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper contributes to the classification problem ofpqdimensional Hopf algebrasHover an algebraically closed fieldkof characteristic 0, wherep,qare odd primes. It is shown that such Hopf algebrasHare semisimple for the pairs of odd primes (p,q)=(3,11),(3,13),(3,19),(5,17),(5,19),(5,23),(5,29),(7,17),(7,19),(7,23),(7,29),(11,29),(13,29).
INTEGRAL MEANS OF THE DERIVATIVES OF BLASCHKE PRODUCTS
Authors: FRICAIN EMMANUEL , MASHREGHI JAVAD 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe study the rate of growth of some integral means of the derivatives of a Blaschke product and we generalize several classical results. Moreover, we obtain the rate of growth of integral means of the derivative of functions in the model subspaceKBgenerated by the Blaschke productB.
CENTRALISER DIMENSION OF FREE PARTIALLY COMMUTATIVE NILPOTENT GROUPS OF CLASS 2
Authors: BLATHERWICK VIKKI A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn an effort to extend the theory of algebraic geometry over groups beyond free groups, Duncan, Kazatchkov and Remeslennikov have studied the notion of centraliser dimension for free partially commutative groups. In this paper we consider the centraliser dimension of free partially commutative nilpotent groups of class 2, showing that a free partially commutative nilpotent group of class 2 with non-commutation graph Γ has the same centraliser dimension as the free partially commutative group represented by the non-commutation graph Γ.
ULTRAMETRIC AND NON-LOCALLY CONVEX ANALOGUES OF THE GENERAL CURVE LEMMA OF CONVENIENT DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Authors: GLÖCKNER HELGE 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe General Curve Lemma is a tool of Infinite-Dimensional Analysis that enables refined studies of differentiability properties of maps between real locally convex spaces to be made. In this article, we generalize the General Curve Lemma in two ways. First, we remove the condition of local convexity in the real case. Second, we adapt the lemma to the case of curves in topological vector spaces over ultrametric fields.
ON WEYL AND BROWDER SPECTRA OF TENSOR PRODUCTS
Authors: KUBRUSLY C. S. , DUGGAL B. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLet A and B be Hilbert space operators. In this paper we explore the structure of parts of the spectrum of the tensor product A ⊗ B, and conclude some properties that follow from such a structure. We give conditions on A and B ensuring that σw(A ⊗ B) =σw(A)ċσ(B) ∪ σ(A)ċσw(B), where σ(ċ) and σw(ċ) stand for the spectrum and Weyl spectrum, respectively. We also investigate the problem of transferring Weyl and Browder's theorems from A and B to their tensor product A⊗B.
A MULTIPLICITY THEOREM FOR A VARIABLE EXPONENT DIRICHLET PROBLEM
Authors: PAPAGEORGIOU NIKOLAOS S. , ROCHA EUGÉNIO M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by thep(ċ)-Laplacian. Using variational methods based on the critical point theory, together with suitable truncation techniques and the use of upper-lower solutions and of critical groups, we show that the problem has at least three nontrivial solutions, two of which have constant sign (one positive, the other negative). The hypotheses on the nonlinearity incorporates in our framework of analysis, both coercive and noncoercive problems.
International Integration and National Corruption
Authors: Sandholtz Wayne , Gray Mark M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe argue that greater degrees of international integration lead to lower levels of corruption, which we define as the misuse of public office for private gain. We theorize that international factors affect a country's level of corruption through two principal channels. One acts through economic incentives, altering for various actors the costs and benefits of engaging in corrupt acts. The second mode is normative. Prevailing norms in international society delegitimate and stigmatize corruption. Countries that are more integrated into international society are more exposed to economic and normative pressures against corruption. We therefore test the following hypothesis: the more a country is tied into international networks of exchange, communication, and organization, the lower its level of corruption is likely to be. The analysis of data from approximately 150 countries strongly confirms our expectation.
Alliance Reliability in Times of War: Explaining State Decisions to Violate Treaties
Authors: Leeds Brett Ashley 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the conditions under which state leaders are willing to honor alliance commitments in war will increase knowledge about the escalation and diffusion of conflict and about the propensity of states to fulfill agreements under anarchy. New data analysis provides evidence that alliance commitments are fulfilled about 75 percent of the time. But how can one understand the failure of alliance partners to act as promised in the remaining 25 percent of cases? Formal modelers have deduced that because of the costs associated with alliances, state leaders who form alliances are likely to fulfill them; those alliances that are formed should be fairly reliable. I argue, therefore, that one can best account for violations of alliance agreements either through an understanding of the factors that reduce the costs of violation or through changes that have occurred since the alliance was formed. Using detailed data on alliance commitments between 1816 and 1944, I find evidence commensurate with this argument. Changes in the power of states or in their policymaking processes are powerful predictors of the failure to honor past commitments; and nondemocratic states and major powers, sets of states that I argue suffer lower costs from reneging on agreements, are more likely to violate treaties.
Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements
Authors: Mansfield Edward D. , Reinhardt Eric 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPreferential trading arrangements (PTAs) have spread widely over the past fifty years. During the same era, multilateral openness has grown to unprecedented heights, spurred by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO). If the cornerstone of the manifestly successful multilateral regime is nondiscrimination, why have its members increasingly resorted to preferential liberalization? We argue that developments at the heart of GATT/WTO encourage its members to form PTAs as devices to obtain bargaining leverage within the multilateral regime. Specifically, the growth in GATT/WTO membership, the periodic multilateral trade negotiation rounds, as well as participation and, especially, losses in formal GATT/WTO disputes, have led its members to seek entrance into PTAs. Conducting the first statistical tests on the subject, we find strong evidence in support of this argument.
Screening for hearing loss and middle-ear effusion in school-age children, using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions: a feasibility study
Authors: Georgalas C , Xenellis J , Davilis D , Tzangaroulakis A , Ferekidis E 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroduction:The characteristics of otoacoustic emissions that make them ideally suited for universal newborn hearing loss screening could potentially be useful for the screening of older children. This study was performed in order to assess the role of otoacoustic emissions in a screening programme for middle-ear disorders and hearing loss in school-age children.Methods:Cross-sectional, preliminary screening study.Setting:Primary schools of Argolida municipality, south-east Greece, between December 2004 and March 2005.Patient selection and recruitment:All the primary school students of Argolida were invited, by press releases and individually by their teachers, to attend a session of otological and audiological screening.Results:One hundred and ninety-six children were evaluated using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. Twenty per cent failed in both ears, while in 32 per cent otoacoustic emissions could not be produced in at least one ear. Younger children had higher rates of absent transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. The absence of otoacoustic emissions was highly correlated with tympanic membrane changes seen on otoscopy and the presence of a type B tympanogram. As a single screening modality, otoacoustic emissions had a 100 per cent sensitivity in diagnosing hearing loss worse than 30 dB, and a 90 per cent sensitivity and 64 per cent specificity in diagnosing hearing loss worse than 25 dB, which did not improve by adding tympanometry to the screening protocol.Conclusion:These results strongly suggest the potential usefulness of otoacoustic emission testing in screening school-age children for hearing loss. Further studies, taking into account cost-effectiveness issues, are indicated.
Causes of childhood deafness in Pukhtoonkhwa Province of Pakistan and the role of consanguinity
Authors: Sajjad M , Khattak A A , Bunn J E G , Mackenzie I 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground:Deafness is the hidden disability of childhood, and leads to poor educational and employment prospects. There is little published information on deafness in Pakistan. Profound hearing impairment is more prevalent in countries where consanguineous marriages are common, such as Pakistan. This study aimed to assess causes of childhood deafness and association with parental consanguinity, within deaf and hearing children in the Peshawar district of Pukhtoonkhwa Province, Pakistan.Methods:One hundred and forty deaf children were identified from two schools for deaf children within the Peshawar district. These children were assessed via audiology, otoscopic examination, case note review and parental history, in order to attempt to ascertain the cause of their deafness. Two hundred and twenty-one attendees at a local immunisation clinic (taken as representative of the local childhood population) were also screened for hearing impairment. Parents of both groups of children were assessed by interview and questionnaire in order to ascertain the mother and father's family relationship (i.e. whether cousins or unrelated).Results:Of the 140 deaf school pupils, 92.1 per cent were profoundly hearing impaired and 7.9 per cent were severely hearing impaired. All these children had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. A possible cause of deafness was identified in only six of these children. Parental consanguinity (i.e. first or second cousins) was established for 86.4 per cent of deaf school pupils and 59.7 per cent of immunisation clinic attendees. None of the control children were identified as having a hearing problem.Conclusion:The prevalence of parental consanguinity was significantly higher in deaf children compared with non-hearing impaired children. However, the study also confirmed a high rate of consanguinity within the general Peshawar community. In this setting, prevention of consanguineous unions is the only means of reducing levels of congenital hearing impairment. The current levels of hearing disability represent both a prominent public health problem and an important, potentially preventable childhood disability.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule: a 20-year case series and literature review
Authors: Dowley A , Hoskison E , Allibone R , Jones N S 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is a rare disease with significant morbidity and mortality, and a five-year recurrence-free survival rate of between 42 and 92 per cent. There are several staging systems: the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) skin and nasoethmoid complex system, the Union International Centre Cancer (UICC) nasal fossa system, and Wang's system. Treatment options include radiotherapy or surgery for early lesions, but more advanced cases require radical surgery with post-operative radiotherapy. We present a case series spanning the last 20 years in one centre, and we compare this series with cases reported in the literature, paying particular attention to staging, treatment and outcome. We found that patients with tumours staged T2 or T3 (Wang system) who received radiotherapy alone did poorly in comparison with those who received surgery or surgery and radiotherapy.
Can robots make good models of biological behaviour?
Authors: Webb Barbara 
Published: April 2008

How should biological behaviour be modelled? A relatively new approach is to investigate problems in neuroethology by building physical robot models of biological sensorimotor systems. The explication and justification of this approach are here placed within a framework for describing and comparing models in the behavioural and biological sciences. First, simulation models – the representation of a hypothesis about a target system – are distinguished from several other relationships also termed “modelling” in discussions of scientific explanation. Seven dimensions on which simulation models can differ are defined and distinctions between them discussed:1. Relevance: whether the model tests and generates hypotheses applicable to biology.2. Level: the elemental units of the model in the hierarchy from atoms to societies.3. Generality: the range of biological systems the model can represent.4. Abstraction: the complexity, relative to the target, or amount of detail included in the model.5. Structural accuracy: how well the model represents the actual mechanisms underlying the behaviour.6. Performance match: to what extent the model behaviour matches the target behaviour.7. Medium: the physical basis by which the model is implemented.No specific position in the space of models thus defined is the only correct one, but a good modelling methodology should be explicit about its position and the justification for that position. It is argued that in building robot models biological relevance is more effective than loose biological inspiration; multiple levels can be integrated; that generality cannot be assumed but might emerge from studying specific instances; abstraction is better done by simplification than idealisation; accuracy can be approached through iterations of complete systems; that the model should be able to match and predict target behaviour; and that a physical medium can have significant advantages. These arguments reflect the view that biological behaviour needs to be studied and modelled in context, that is, in terms of the real problems faced by real animals in real environments.
Dynamique du pseudo-groupe des isométries locales sur une variété Lorentzienne analytique de dimension 3
Authors: DUMITRESCU SORIN 
Published: April 2008

RésuméSoit (M,g) une variété lorentzienne analytique réelle de dimension 3 compacte et connexe. Nous démontrons que l’existence d’une orbite ouverte (non vide) du pseudo-groupe des isométries locales implique que la métrique lorentzienne est localement homogène (i.e. le pseudo-groupe des isométries locales de g agit transitivement sur M).
Proper minimal sets on compact connected 2-manifolds are nowhere dense
Authors: KOLYADA SERGII˘ , SNOHA L’UBOMÍR , TROFIMCHUK SERGEI˘ 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLet $\mathcal {M}^2$ be a compact connected two-dimensional manifold, with or without boundary, and let $f:{\mathcal {M}}^2\to \mathcal {M}^2$ be a continuous map. We prove that if $M \subseteq \mathcal {M}^2$ is a minimal set of the dynamical system $(\mathcal {M}^2,f)$ then either $M = \mathcal {M}^2$ or M is a nowhere dense subset of $\mathcal {M}^2$. Moreover, we add a shorter proof of the recent result of Blokh, Oversteegen and Tymchatyn, that in the former case $\mathcal {M}^2$ is a torus or a Klein bottle.
Physics of Inertial Fusion: Beam Plasma Interaction,
Hydrodynamics, Hot Dense Matter, Stafano Atzeni and Jürgen
Meyer-ter-Vehn
Authors: Miley George H. 
Published: April 2008

Physics of Inertial Fusion: Beam Plasma Interaction,
Hydrodynamics, Hot Dense Matter, Stafano Atzeni and Jürgen
Meyer-ter-Vehn, Clarendon Press, 2004, 458 pages, ISBN: 0198562640This book has several remarkable highlights summarized on laser
produced plasmas and particle beam driven fusion energy. In contrast to
the usual books, the nuclear fusion reactions are presented with very
detailed experience, including pycnonuclear reactions, spin polarization,
and mentioning the 25 orders of magnitude less probable weak force
pp-reaction than DT. There is a rather comprehensive collection of the
conditions of confinement, spherical implosion, ignition burn, and gain.
Hydrodynamics is based on a one fluid model, not Schlüter's
space charge quasi-neutral two-fluid model nor the genuine two-fluid
treatment. Hohlraum targets are covered and the fast ignition (FI)
contains the forte of the authors' own achievements though the entire
problems shown experimentally or theoretically (Mulser
et al., 2004) are not discussed nor the new aspects on FI
known before finishing the book (Hora, 2004).
The 36 pages for the entire physics of (laser- and particle-) beam-target
interaction are used to sketch at least the most important aspects.
Health-care decision-making processes in Latin America: Problems and prospects for the use of economic evaluation
Authors: Iglesias Cynthia P. , Drummond Michael F. , Rovira Joan ,   for the NEVALAT Project Group
Published: April 2008

Objectives: The use of economic evaluation studies (EE) in the decision-making process within the health-care system of nine Latin American (LA) and three European countries was investigated. The aim was to identify the opportunities, obstacles, and changes needed to facilitate the introduction of EE as a formal tool in health-care decision-making processes in LA.Methods: A comparative study was conducted based on existing literature and information provided through a questionnaire applied to decision makers in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal Spain, United Kingdom, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Systematic electronic searches of HEED, NHS EED, and LILACS were conducted to identify published economic evaluation studies in LA from 1982 onward.Results: There is relatively little evidence of the conduct and use of EE within the health care systems in LA. Electronic searches retrieved 554 records; however, only 93 were EE. In the nine LA participating countries, broad allocation of health-care resources is primarily based on political criteria, historical records, geographical areas, and specific groups of patients and diseases. Public-health provision and inclusion of services in health-insurance package are responsibilities of the Ministry of Health. Decisions regarding the purchase of medicines are primarily made through public tenders, and mainly based on differences in clinical efficacy and the price of health technologies of interest.Conclusions: To expedite the process of incorporating EE as a formal tool to inform decision-making processes within the health-care systems in LA countries, two main conditions need to be fulfilled. First, adequate resources and skills need to be available to conduct EE of good quality. Second, decision-making procedures need to be modified to accommodate “evidence-based” approaches such as EE.
Measuring cost-effectiveness of secondary health care: Feasibility and potential utilization of results
Authors: Räsänen Pirjo , Sintonen Harri , Ryynänen Olli-Pekka , Blom Marja , Semberg-Konttinen Virpi , Roine Risto P. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:Whether cost-effectiveness of secondary health care can be measured in a simple, yet commensurate way was studied.Methods:Approximately 4,900 patients' health-related quality of life scores before and after treatment were measured. Used were a combination of quality of life data with diagnostic and financial indicators routinely collected in the hospital.Results:Seventy percent of patients returned the first questionnaire and the informed written consent to participate. Of these patients, 80 percent also returned the second questionnaire sent out 3 to 12 months after treatment, depending on clinical specialty and diagnostic category. The routine of sending out questionnaires could be automated in such a way that data collection required only a limited amount of extra work. Patients were generally satisfied with the fact that the hospital was interested in their well-being also after treatment. No physician offered the chance to participate refused data collection in the patient group he or she was responsible for. The attitudes of the nursing staff were generally positive toward data collection, although it caused some extra work for some of them. The possibility of relating already routinely collected financial performance indicators with a relevant measure of treatment effectiveness, opened prospects for refined analysis of cost-effectiveness of secondary health care.Conclusions:Routine collection of health-related quality of life data as an indicator of treatment effectiveness is feasible, requires only a small amount of extra work, and is potentially very useful when combined with existing measures of hospital performance.