bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TERRITORY AND TOURISM: THE CASE OF BANFF NATIONAL PARK
Authors: MINCA CLAUDIO , DRAPER DIANNE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article introduces a model of human territoriality as it pertains to tourism, describes its operation, and illustrates its application to the specific case of Banff National Park. Brief descriptions of the basic concepts of human territoriality, processes of territorialization and the role of image as an index of the evolution of territoriality are provided. Current and historical processes of territory and tourism in Banff National Park are analyzed in terms of the model, revealing the variable influences of developmental and conservation ideologies and pointing to the importance to tourism planning of understanding the human territorialization process.
SPATIAL SOCIO‐ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN SRI LANKA: CORE‐PERIPHERY FRAMEWORKS
Authors: O'HARE GREGORY P. , BARRETT HAZEL R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCore‐periphery tendencies within Sri Lanka are examined in the light of recent equity versus efficiency issues. Because of its long‐term welfare programmes, Sri Lanka is well known for its high quality of life indicators compared to other low income countries, and for its attempts to spread the benefits of socio‐economic development throughout the country. Despite IMF‐driven economic restructuring since 1977 and suggestions of core‐periphery intensification, equity issues have not been totally neglected. Evidence is presented here which demonstrates that the country's quality of life indicators have continued to improve both at the district and national level during the last 20 years. Statistical analysis and mapping of recent district level data on 14 economic and social variables indicate a widespread distribution of welfare benefits across the districts. Moreover, when the variables are aggregated and ranked, simple core‐periphery arrangements, with development declining linearly with distance from a south‐west core centred on Colombo are not easily discernible. Core‐periphery frameworks are modified by a corridor of high development levels from the south‐west to the north‐east.
BUSINESS NETWORKS OUTSIDE AN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT
Authors: PERRY MARTIN , GOLDFINCH SHAUN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the role that business networking can play in regional and national economic development. While networking is an acknowledged characteristic of successful industrial districts, there is uncertainty as to how networking can be stimulated effectively in less favoured regions. This article reports New Zealand evidence from a survey of small‐firm network behaviour and the impact of an intermediary agency ‐ the Canterbury Business Advisory Agency ‐ in seeking to assist network development. Small businesses were found to engage in various types of networking including information sharing, resource sharing and subcontracting. Little evidence of deliberate strategy about networking was found, however, and most respondents relied on a narrow range of contacts. Network promotion is identified as a way of assisting small‐firm development and several ways assistance can be delivered are identified.
THE BENELUX SEAPORT SYSTEM
Authors: CHARLIER JACQUES 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Benelux seaport system is among the most diversified in the world. It includes a series of specialized, niche ports, and two mainports in the full meaning of the word, Rotterdam and Antwerp. In their shadow, a second‐order hub port, Zeebrugge, is gaining increasing recognition in port and shipowners' circles. The future of the ports is partly in then‐own bands, and partly beyond their control, as their prosperity is also conditioned by their hinterland relationships. The most original part of the article deals with a coherent structuring of their West‐East and North‐South intermodal links in a Benelux and European perspective, rather than taking into account sub‐optimal national interests. The case for a new, high‐capacity Rotterdam‐Antwerp‐Lille railway line, with a Zeebrugge‐Ghent branch is explored.
GERMAN SEAPORTS IN A PERIOD OF RESTRUCTURING
Authors: DEECKE HELMUT , LÄPPLE DIETER 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGerman seaports are in a phase of far‐reaching structural change. Increasing globalisation of the economy has led to growing international trade volume and a corresponding increase in transport streams. Economic changes are particularly marked in the Baltic region which affects, above all, the German Baltic seaports. The two large container ports of Hamburg and Bremen/Bremerhaven are primarily faced with economic and technical‐organisational changes in intercontinental container transport. Restructuring of the ports is currently governed by an adjustment of port infrastructures to the changed requirements of transport and services, and an extension of hinterland relations. Changes in the institutional and financial structures of German ports are likely in view of the chronic crisis situations of public budgets and the attempts of the European Commission to apply the principle of spreading costs fairly to all European ports, on the basis of standardised cost recording and accounting. The introduction of containers resulted in spiralling labour productivity, with a consequent loss in jobs in the operative core area of the port economy. In view of this forced logistic structural change ports become ‘container floodgates’, a ‘logistic channel’ through which cargo passes. Most port regions are attempting to counteract the job decline in the operative function sector carried out by the seaport through developing the services offered towards “value‐added logistics”. The functional changes of ports modify economic linkages of ports and regions. The immediate linkages of ports and sea‐oriented industries are decreasing and differentiated economic and social networks are emerging in the shape of transport and logistic service centres, although their interlinked relations are no longer one‐sidedly port‐based.
COMMERCIAL PORTS IN SPAIN
Authors: ARQUED ROSA CASTEJÓN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe proliferation of ports is a product of history. More than fifty commercial ports form the State Port System. To manage them they are divided between 27 Port Authorities. Their hierarchy is very heterogeneous and the traffic generated is very low compared with other European countries. The main reasons are Spain's lower rate of economic development, the lower population density and the absence of an international hinterland. In the present post‐industrial era, based on worldwide commercial exchanges, the most competitive ports are those specialized in general containerized cargo: Barcelona and Valencia which are active centres of the Latin Arch, Algeciras the most dynamic hub of transhipment in South Europe, and Bilbao which concentrates on a big part of die feeder traffic with the Northern Range. The expected future for the secondary ports is their integration in the European short sea shipping flows.
REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION IN ARGENTINE PATAGONIA: END OF AN ARERA
Authors: MORRIS ARTHUR S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA very powerful set of changes is affecting manufacturing industry in countries of Latin America undergoing market opening. This is particularly true for regions where there has been special protection to encourage industrial location in previous decades. Such is the case for Patagonia, where Tierra del Fuego and Chubut (television and textile industries, respectively) were studied. Current changes, including the tariff reductions associated with the creation of MERCOSUR, but also the liberalisation measures begun earlier by the Menem government, leave these industries very exposed because of their artificial nature and lack of any close industrial structure linking them to the region. Some solutions for these regions are suggested at the end of the article, including the use of tools aimed at the workforce and management rather than capital investment.
THE PROMOTION AND CONSUMPTION OF ARTISTIC PLACES IN FRANCE
Authors: HERBERT DAVID T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHeritage places figure strongly as visitor attractions at a time when both the demand for, and supply of, such attractions continue to grow. Heritage places take many forms, from spectacular sites such as castles and abbeys to sites that have no particular significance until the events or people associated with them are known. Artistic places often fall into this latter category. Their significance derives from links with the life of an artist, a birthplace or former residence, or, by association with the landscapes or scenes depicted in an artist's work. Painting is a visual form of art and particular representations of landscape have some qualities of heritage in themselves, people may feel that they ‘know’ places without ever having been there from their representations in paintings. Connections of this kind allow artistic places to be marketed as tourist attractions. Such marketing raises issues such as the social construction of heritage and the authenticity. There are also questions on the ways in which an artistic place is ‘consumed’ by visitors. Why do they come to such towns in the first place? How much ‘cultural competence’ do they bring with them? How do they use the town and its artistic connections during their visit? Studies of four towns in France which have and use these artistic connections as parts of place promotion strategies are used to examine these questions.
Historical DNA reveals the phylogenetic position of the extinct Alpine lynx
Authors: Gugolz D. , Bernasconi M. V. , Breitenmoser‐Würsten C. , Wandeler P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDuring the last two centuries, lynx populations have undergone severe declines and extinctions in Europe. The Alpine lynx, once distributed across the whole Alpine arc, became extinct due to direct human prosecution and deprivation of its main prey in the 1930s. Similar to the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus, its taxonomy has been subject to several controversies. Moreover, knowing the taxonomic status of the Alpine lynx will help to define conservation units of extant lynx populations in Europe. In this study, we investigated two mitochondrial DNA regions in museum specimens (n=15) representing the autochthonous Alpine population and in samples from extant Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx populations in Europe and Asia (n=17). Phylogenetic analysis (cytochrome b, 345 bp) placed the Alpine lynx within the Eurasian lynx lineage. Among all individuals examined, seven different haplotypes (control region, 300 bp) were observed but no unique Alpine haplotype was discovered. Haplotypes of the extinct Alpine population were identical to previously described haplotypes in Scandinavian lynx signifying a recent genetic ancestry with current European populations. Moreover, our genetic data suggest two distinct glacial refugia for the Carpathian and Balkan population. Overall this study demonstrates that historical DNA from extinct populations can help to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of taxa with only a limited number of extant populations remaining.
Genetic identification of elusive animals: re‐evaluating tracking and nesting data for wild western gorillas
Authors: Bradley B. J. , Doran‐Sheehy D. M. , Vigilant L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWestern gorillas Gorilla gorilla have been exceedingly difficult to habituate to the presence of human observers. Nevertheless, researchers have amassed a wealth of information on population densities and group structure for this ape species by locating and counting the sleeping nests of wild individuals. Such nest‐count studies have suggested that western gorilla groups often have multiple silverbacks and these multimale groups occasionally divide into smaller subgroups. However, observational data from forest clearing sites and from a few recently habituated western gorilla groups show no evidence of multimale family groups or of subgrouping. This discrepancy underscores a long‐standing question in ape research: How accurately do nesting sites reflect true group compositions? We evaluated these indirect measures of group composition by using DNA from faeces and hair to genetically identify individual gorillas at nesting sites. Samples were collected from unhabituated wild western gorillas ranging near Mondika Research Center in the Central African Republic and Republic of Congo. DNA extracted from these samples was genotyped at up to 10 microsatellite loci and one X–Y homologous locus for sex identification. Individuals were then identified at nesting sites by their unique multilocus genotypes, thus providing a ‘molecular census’ of individual gorillas. Results confirm that western gorillas often build more than one nest at a nesting site and, thus, nest counts can be highly inaccurate indicators of group size and composition. Indeed, we found that nest counts can overestimate group size by as much as 40%, indicating that true gorilla population numbers are probably lower than those reported from census surveys. This study demonstrates how genetic analysis can be a valuable tool for studying and conserving elusive, endangered animals.
The role of time preference and credit card usage in compulsive buying behaviour
Authors: Norum Pamela S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCollege students represent a lucrative market for businesses selling a wide array of goods and services, including credit. One area of concern regarding credit debt is its association with compulsive buying behaviour. This study analysed compulsive buying behaviour within an economic framework using a college student sample. Data were collected from 7342 students enrolled in a major Midwestern university. Regression analysis revealed that income, rate of time preference, money attitudes, credit card usage and gender were significantly related to compulsive buying. This study provides useful information for developing, or revising, university policies regarding financial education and counselling, as well as curriculum considerations.
Adjusting count period strategies to improve the accuracy of forest bird abundance estimates from point transect distance sampling surveys
Authors: LEE DAVID C. , MARSDEN STUART J. 
Published: March 2008

Although point transect distance sampling methods have become widely used in surveys of forest birds, there has been no attempt to tailor field methods to maximize the accuracy of abundance estimates by minimizing the effects of violations of the method's critical assumptions, which are: (1) birds at distance 0 m are detected with certainty, (2) birds are detected at their initial location and (3) distances to objects are measured accurately. We investigate the effects on abundance estimates for Philippine forest birds of varying the count period from 2 to 10 min, and of including and excluding a pre‐count settling down period. Encounter rates were highly sensitive to count period length but density estimates from 10‐min count periods were, on average, only 13% higher than those from 2‐min periods, and in several cases were actually lower than those from periods of 6–8 min. This was because birds tended to be recorded at greater distances from the recorder as the count period went on, thus ‘stretching out’ detection functions while having little effect on detection rates close to the recorder. For some bird groups, including canopy frugivores and upperstorey gleaning insectivores, density estimates were more than twice as high without than with a settling down period. We suggest that movement away from the recorder is more common than attraction to the recorder, and that unless pilot studies show otherwise, similar studies should not use a settling down period for surveying many species. Count periods that maximized probability of bird detection close to the central point while minimizing the unwanted effects of bird movement during the count period were: 4 min for omnivores, 6 min for nectarivores and upperstorey gleaning insectivores, 8 min for understorey insectivores and canopy frugivores, and a full 10 min for sallying insectivores, ground‐dwellers, carnivores and coucals/koels. We use the results to suggest ‘group‐specific’ count period regimes that could help maximize the accuracy of density estimates from similar studies of tropical forest birds.
In‐flight geometric calibration of different cameras of IRS‐P6 using a physical sensor model
Authors: Radhadevi P. V. , Solanki S. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe IRS‐P6 satellite has multi‐resolution and multispectral capabilities on a single platform. A continuous and autonomous co‐registration and geolocation of image data from different sensors with widely varying view angles and resolution is one of the unique challenges of IRS‐P6 data processing. This requires in‐flight geometric calibration of the cameras. In‐flight calibration includes alignment calibration of individual sensors and calibration between the sensors. A method for in‐flight geometric calibration and quality assessment of IRS‐P6 images is presented in this paper. The objectives of this study are to ensure the best absolute and relative location accuracy of different cameras, and the same location performance with payload steering and co‐registration of multiple bands. This is done using a viewing geometry model, given ephemeris and attitude data, precise camera geometry and datum transformation. In the model, the forward and reverse transformations between the coordinate systems associated with the focal plane, payload, body, orbit and ground are rigorously and explicitly defined. System‐level tests using comparisons to ground check points have validated the operational geolocation accuracy performance and the stability of the calibration parameters.
Parental decisions regarding prenatally detected fetal sex chromosomal abnormality and the impact of genetic counselling: An analysis of 57 cases in Taiwan
Authors: SHAW Sheng‐Wen , CHUEH Ho‐Yen , CHANG Shuenn‐Dyh , CHENG Po‐Jen , HSIEH T'sang‐T’ang , SOONG Yung‐Kuei 
Published: March 2008

Objective:  To analyse parental decisions regarding pregnancies with sex chromosome abnormalities (SCA).Methods:  Collected and reviewed records from our hospital for 1991–2005. Genetic counselling was provided by obstetricians or perinatologists.Result:  Among 57 fetuses with SCA were 36 non‐mosaic cases (four of 36, 45,X; 12 of 36, 47,XXY; seven of 36, 47,XYY, 13 of 36, 47,XXX) and 21 mosaic cases (15 of 21, 45,X mosaicism). Only 20% of 45,X mosaic pregnancies were continued, whereas all other mosaic pregnancies (100%) were continued (P = 0.004). Of 32 SCA cases counselled by a perinatologist, 66% (21 of 32) were continued. In contrast, 36% (nine of 25) of cases counselled by a general obstetrician were continued, a barely significant difference (P = 0.048). More couples chose to continue pregnancies in recent years.Conclusion:  Genetic counselling by well‐trained specialists is valuable, and the trend towards fewer terminations at our centre suggests improved parental knowledge of pathology associated with SCA.
Audit of endometrial biopsy at outpatient hysteroscopy
Authors: GHALY Simon , DE ABREU LOURENCO Richard , ABBOTT Jason A. 
Published: March 2008

Background and aim:   Outpatient hysteroscopy (OPH) and endometrial biopsy (EMB) are less invasive alternatives to inpatient hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage for assessment of the endometrium. Using local anaesthetic, the procedure is readily tolerated and can be completed in an ambulatory setting. This study aims to audit OPH and EMB conducted over three consecutive years with regard to the ability to complete the procedure and subsequent pathology.Methods:  Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of patients who underwent OPH during the study period. Data collected included demography, medical history, procedure details and outcome. An indicative assessment of the resource requirements for provision of these services in an outpatient versus inpatient setting was also conducted based on published cost information.Results:  Between June 2003 to June 2006, 435 OPH were performed and 427 of these were available for audit. Four hundred and five (94.8%) of the procedures were successful. Sixty‐five (18.8%) EMBs were reported to be insufficient, of which 41 (63%) were in postmenopausal women (P < 0.001). Women who presented with postmenopausal bleeding were significantly more likely to have an insufficient sample (P < 0.001). The Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups cost for inpatient hysteroscopy is $A1,786, including $A711 in theatre costs and $A258 in ward costs. These costs are not incurred with OPH.Conclusion:  This study indicates that hysteroscopy and EMB can be easily and successfully performed as an outpatient procedure in Australia. Pathology can be readily identified and management planned. Moreover, an opportunity exists for a reduction in resource use by utilising this procedure instead of inpatient hysteroscopy where possible.
Laparoscopic transabdominal cervico‐isthmic cerclage: A minimally invasive approach
Authors: REID Geoffrey D. , WILLS Hannah J. , SHUKLA Anshumala , HAMMILL Peter 
Published: March 2008

Background:  While the traditional approach to management of cervical insufficiency has been the insertion of a transvaginal cerclage during pregnancy, a transabdominal cervico‐isthmic suture is indicated in certain patients. This procedure is traditionally performed via laparotomy. Laparoscopic transabdominal cervico‐isthmic cerclage (LTCC) placement, however, confers the benefit of the low morbidity associated with laparoscopy.Aims:  To describe the technique and outcomes of LTCC in three cases.Methods:  LTCC was performed using Mersilene tape at the level of the internal cervical os in the prepregnancy period in three patients: one with previous cervical amputation and two with previous failed cervical cerclage. Procedures were performed at a tertiary level endoscopic unit, Sydney, Australia.Results:  The laparoscopic approach enabled placement of a suture with no morbidity, and rapid patient recovery in these cases.Conclusions:  Laparoscopic cervical cerclage proved technically feasible and safe for a surgeon trained in laparoscopic suturing methods.
Genital human papillomavirus screening by gene chip in Chinese women of Guangdong province
Authors: LIN Min , YANG Li‐Ye , LI Lie‐Jun , WU Jiao‐Ren , PENG You‐Peng , LUO Zhao‐Yun 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with cervical cancer. There were only a few reports and detailed data about epidemiological research of HPV infection in general population of China.Aims:  To determine the prevalence of genital HPV infection in Chinese women of Guangdong province.Methods:   A total of 1705 women were screened by gene chip. All HPV‐positive women were further examined by ThinPrep liquid‐based cytology test (TCT), and the cervical biopsies of those women with positive HPV‐DNA and abnormal TCT were collected for pathological diagnosis.Results:  The overall HPV prevalence was 9.03% (154 of 1705), and 72.3% (126 of 154) of total positive samples were high‐risk types, with higher prevalence of types 52, 58, 16, 18 and CP8304. For women aged 51 years or older, the overall high‐risk HPV prevalence was 12.2% (24 of 179), which was obviously higher than those of other age groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Our results showed that the HPV prevalence in Guangdong is very similar to the world level. Unlike most previous studies, our findings suggest that HPV prevalence increased with age, and that the predominant genotypes in this area were HPV 52 and 58.