bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effect of posture on intracranial physiology in humans by MRI flow studies
Authors: Alperin Noam , Lee Sang H. , Sivaramakrishnan Anusha , Hushek Stephen G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the effect of posture on intracranial physiology in humans by MRI, and demonstrate the relationship between intracranial compliance (ICC) and pressure (ICP), and the pulsatility of blood and CSF flows.Materials and MethodsTen healthy volunteers (29 ± 7 years old) were scanned in the supine and sitting positions using a vertical gap MRI scanner. Pulsatile blood and CSF flows into and out from the brain were visualized and quantified using time‐of‐flight (TOF) and cine phase‐contrast techniques, respectively. The total cerebral blood flow (tCBF), venous outflow, ICC, and ICP for the two postures were then calculated from the arterial, venous, and CSF volumetric flow rate waveforms using a previously described method.ResultsIn the upright posture, venous outflow is considerably less pulsatile (57%) and occurs predominantly through the vertebral plexus, while in the supine posture venous outflow occurs predominantly through the internal jugular veins. A slightly lower tCBF (12%), a considerably smaller CSF volume oscillating between the cranium and the spinal canal (48%), and a much larger ICC (2.8‐fold) with a corresponding decrease in the MRI‐derived ICP values were measured in the sitting position.ConclusionThe effect of posture on intracranial physiology can be quantified by MRI because posture‐related changes in ICC and ICP strongly affect the dynamics of cerebral blood and CSF flows. This study provides important insight into the coupling that exists between arterial, venous, and CSF flow dynamics, and how it is affected by posture. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of peat proxies from two eastern central Swedish bogs and their relation to meteorological data
Authors: Borgmark Anders , Schoning Kristian 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAnalyses of peat humification, testate amoebae, carbon and nitrogen content have been carried out on a peat sequence from Ältabergsmossen. At Gullbergbymossen testate amoebae and peat humification were analysed. Both bogs are located in eastern central Sweden. The longest sequence, Ältabergsmossen, covers the last 150 yr and the data from Gullbergbymossen covers the last 60 yr, both with a time resolution of ca. 2–4 yr cm−1. The different proxies were compared to each other and were also compared to instrumental meteorological data. Correlation between peat humification and C/N ratios is high whereas the correlation is low between these physical/chemical parameters and reconstructed water tables inferred from the testate amoebae assemblages. High peat humification values and C/N ratios greater than 50 indicate aerobic decay and are thought to reflect the thickness of the acrotelm. High humification values and low C/N ratios are recorded in peat deposited between 1965 and 1980, whereas the dry period starts in the early 1970s according to instrumental meteorological data and inferred water‐table depth. The difference in the timing of the onset of a dry‐shift between the physical/chemical proxies and meteorological data and testate amoebae derived water table changes is interpreted as renewed decay of already deposited peat. The term secondary decomposition is used for this process. The secondary decomposition process has implications for interpreting physical/chemical and biological parameters in peat as they may be out of phase during the beginning of a dry‐shift. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New evidence for the occurrence of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in medieval Britain
Authors: Hetherington David A. , Lord Tom C. , Jacobi Roger M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe presence of Eurasian lynx as a former native species in Britain during the Holocene is known from bones recovered from several sites. AMS radiocarbon dating of lynx bone recovered from two sites in the Craven area of northern England gave 1842 ± 35 14C yr BP and 1550 ± 24 14C yr BP, together representing the youngest dates for lynx from England, and in the case of the latter, the youngest for Britain as a whole. These dates support the view that the game animal whose occurrence in the nearby Lake District is described in the early 7th century Cumbric text Pais Dinogad, and whose translation to date has been problematic, is a lynx. The occurrence of lynx in early medieval Britain shows that earlier periods of climate change, previously blamed for the species' extinction in Britain, were not responsible. Instead, anthropogenic factors such as severe deforestation, declining deer populations, and persecution, are likely to have caused the extirpation of lynx in Britain. Consequently, the lynx qualifies as a candidate for reintroduction. Large‐scale reafforestation, the growth of deer populations, and more positive attitudes towards carnivores in modern society, could permit the restoration of lynx to Britain, particularly in Scotland. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the vibrational spectral modes by the nonbonded interactions in the NLO crystal vanillin
Authors: Binoy J. , Joe I. Hubert , Jayakumar V. S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe crystal of the famous flavoring agent vanillin is known for its nonlinear optical activity. Density functional theory at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level has been used to compute energies of different conformers of vanillin to find their stability, the optimized geometry of the most stable conformer and its vibrational spectrum. The conformer VAN1 with torsion angles 0°, 180° and 0° respectively for C2–C1–C7–O14, C2–C1–C7–H13 and C3–C4–O10–H19 is found to be most stable. Geometry predicted by DFT and XRD reveals that geometrical parameters of hydroxyl group are altered substantially because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Vibrational analysis based on the NIR FT Raman, FT IR and computed spectrum reveals that the CH in‐plane bending of the aldehyde group interacts with its stretching mode via Fermi resonance, and evidence for intermolecular hydrogen bonding can be observed as the broadness of the band in the stretching region in IR spectrum. The unusual lowering of carbonyl stretching wave number is attributed to the electron‐releasing effect of CO group in the acceptor subunit due to intramolecular charge transfer, leading to NLO activity, in addition to the intermolecular interaction and π‐conjugation. Other vibrational spectral contributions of NLO activity such as violation of selection rule for tangential CC stretching mode 8 and overlooking of complementarities are also observed. Nonbonded interactions affecting each vibrational mode are found, and the resulting shifting of band position is discussed. First‐order hyperpolarizability, computed at HF/3‐21G level, is used to analyze the conformation dependent NLO activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional modification of vital wheat gluten with corn syrup using hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Singh Harmit , MacRitchie Finlay , Kim Yangsoo , Madl Ronald L , Herald Thomas J 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFunctional properties of gluten modified using hydrothermal treatment were compared with those of vital wheat gluten (VWG). Gluten slurry was jet cooked under pressure in the presence of corn syrup (CS) at different temperatures (121 and 149 °C) for different times and then spray dried. Foaming properties for all samples (treated and untreated) at different pHs showed that, although the optimum pH was 5, at this pH the treated gluten samples displayed reduced foaming properties as compared with the control, whereas at all other pHs there was an increase in foaming properties. The sample treated with CS at 121 °C (JC121w/cs) showed the highest viscosity and elasticity increase among all treated samples. Emulsifying properties were adversely affected by an increase in temperature of treatment, whilst addition of CS helped to restore emulsion stability (ES). The sample VWG with CS (Cont.w/cs) at pH 3 showed maximum ES. In general, samples after treatment showed increased solubility. The hydrophilic but non‐ionisable sugar hydroxyl groups affected the functionality at lower pH. Molecular changes were followed by size exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Samples subjected to the lower temperature (121 °C) showed a shift of the molecular weight distribution to higher values in the HPLC profile, consistent with higher viscosities for this treatment. For the same samples, SDS‐PAGE of the reduced protein exhibited a decrease in the intensity of bands corresponding to high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits, complementing the fact that large‐molecular‐size polymers are involved during protein modification. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategies for shimming the breast
Authors: Maril Nimrod , Collins Christopher M. , Greenman Robert L. , Lenkinski Robert E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThere is evidence in the literature indicating a significant static field inhomogeneity in the human breast. A nonhomogenous field results in line broadening and frequency shifts in MRS and can cause intensity loss and spatial errors in MRI. Thus, there is a clear rationale for determining the regional variations in the static field homogeneity in the breast and providing strategies to correct them. Herein, the nature and extent of the static magnetic field at 3 T were measured in central planes of the human breast using both phase maps and multivoxel MRS techniques. In addition, the effect of first‐ and high‐order shimming and of spatial saturation pulses on the static field inhomogeneity was evaluated. Both the theoretical and the measured field were found to be primarily linear in nature, with a reduction of 300 Hz from the nipple to the chest wall. First‐order shimming reduced this inhomogeneity by 65%. Interestingly, the combination of spatial saturation pulses and first‐order shimming was more effective than high‐order shim alone. Since many clinical scanners do not have either higher‐order shim or automated higher shimming algorithms that work in the presence of fat, the suggested combination provides an effective means to correct inhomogeneities in the breast. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐based spirometry for regional assessment of pulmonary function
Authors: Voorhees Abram , An Jing , Berger Kenneth I. , Goldring Roberta M. , Chen Qun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this work MRI‐based spirometry is presented as a method for noninvasively assessing pulmonary mechanical function on a regional basis. A SPAMM tagging sequence was modified to allow continuous dynamic imaging of the lungs during respiration. A motion‐tracking algorithm was developed to track material regions from time‐resolved grid‐tagged images. Experiments were performed to image the lungs during quiet breathing and volumetric strain was calculated from the measured displacement maps. Regional volume calculations, derived from volumetric strain, were integrated over the entire lung and compared to segmented volume calculations with good agreement. Results from this work demonstrate that MRI spirometry has the potential to become a clinically useful tool for measuring regional ventilation and assessing pulmonary diseases that regionally affect the mechanical function of the lung. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equivalent cross‐relaxation rate imaging for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast carcinoma
Authors: Matsushima Shigeru , Sasaki Fumio , Yamaura Hidekazu , Iwata Hiroji , Ohsaki Hikaru , Era Seiichi , Sogami Masaru , Inaba Tadashi , Uike Mitsuhiro , Kinosada Yasutomi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important technique for detecting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma patients. However, false‐negative results are a problem. Equivalent cross‐relaxation rate (ECR) imaging (ECRI) is a measurement method that can be used to quantitatively evaluate a change in the structural organization of lymph nodes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed axillary ECRI in an attempt to decrease the false‐negative results of SLNB. Regions without metastases showed a higher ECR value. On the other hand, regions with metastases showed a lower ECR value. The ECR images were compared with macroscopic histology images in which the presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastasis could be evaluated. ECRI is a potentially useful method for evaluating the efficacy of SLNB. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel rapid fat suppression strategy with spectrally selective pulses
Authors: Peng Qi , McColl Roderick W. , Wang Jihong , Weatherall Paul T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractShort repetition time gradient echo sequences are gaining popularity in clinical applications such as dynamic contrast enhancement imaging, cardiac imaging, and MR angiography. Performing fat suppression in these sequences is usually time consuming and often somewhat ineffective, due to the relatively short T1 and long T2 of fat. A novel rapid fat suppression strategy using spectrally selective pulses is introduced and compared with clinically popular sequences such as fat presaturated fast field echo (FFE) and turbo field echo (TFE) and binomial water‐selective spatial–spectral excitation (SSE, or SPSP excitation) FFE. The new strategy combines fat presaturation with low‐order binomial water‐selective SSE pulses in a TFE sequence. This enables the use of a long echo train length to decrease exam time, but without creation of excess fat signal contamination of the resultant images. The fat nullification is also more reliable as fat signals in central k‐space data are suppressed twice. An implementation of this strategy is compared with traditional methods in both phantom and human studies, confirming that the new technique provides strong fat suppression with few artifacts despite the short scan duration. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain using soft inversion recovery fluid attenuation
Authors: Stobbe Robert , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSodium imaging with soft inversion recovery fluid attenuation, which may be advantageous for intracellular weighting, was demonstrated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression in five healthy volunteers at 4.7 T. Long rectangular inversion pulses reduce the average power deposition in an inversion recovery sequence, allowing repetition time to be shortened and more averages acquired for a given scan length. Longer pulses also significantly reduce the “depth” of Mz inversion in environments with rapid T1 and T2 relaxation (i.e., brain relative to CSF). Phantom experiments and simulation show a marked SNR increase when using a 10‐ms, rather than a 1‐ms, rectangular inversion pulse. Images were acquired in 11.1 min with a voxel size of 0.25 cm3 and the SNR in CSF, which is typically ∼3 times larger than in brain, was reduced to 23% of that in the brain tissue, which had an average SNR of 17. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of X‐ray fluoroscopy and interventional magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of coronary artery stenoses in swine
Authors: Green Jordin D. , Omary Reed A. , Schirf Brian E. , Tang Richard , Lu Biao , Gehl James A. , Huang J. Jenny , Carr James C. , Pereles F. Scott , Li Debiao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe accuracy of a two‐step interventional MRI protocol to quantify coronary artery disease was compared to the clinical gold standard, X‐ray angiography. Studies were conducted in nine swine with a surgically induced stenosis in the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. The two‐step protocol consisted of catheter‐directed magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which was first used to localize the stenosis, followed by MRI cross‐sectional images to quantify the degree of stenosis without the use of contrast agent. Line signal intensity profiles were drawn across the vessel diameter at the stenosis site and proximal to the stenosis for each data set to measure percentage stenosis for each animal. Catheter‐directed MRA successfully detected eight of nine stenoses. Cross‐sectional MRI accurately quantified each stenosis, with strong agreement to the measurements made using X‐ray fluoroscopy (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.955; P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that in the future interventional MRI may be an alternative to X‐ray angiography for the detection and quantification of coronary artery disease. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial first pass perfusion: Steady‐state free precession versus spoiled gradient echo and segmented echo planar imaging
Authors: Wang Yi , Moin Khurram , Akinboboye Olakunle , Reichek Nathaniel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe imaging sequences used in first pass (FP) perfusion to date have important limitations in contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), temporal and spatial resolution, and myocardial coverage. As a result, controversy exists about optimal imaging strategies for FP myocardial perfusion. Since imaging performance varies from subject to subject, it is difficult to form conclusions without direct comparison of different sequences in the same subject. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the saturation recovery SSFP technique to other more commonly used myocardial first pass perfusion techniques, namely spoiled GRE and segmented EPI. Differences in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), CNR, relative maximal upslope (RMU) of signal amplitude, and artifacts at comparable temporal and spatial resolution among the three sequences were investigated in computer simulation, contrast agent doped phantoms, and 16 volunteers. The results demonstrate that SSFP perfusion images exhibit an improvement of approximately 77% in SNR and 23% in CNR over spoiled GRE and 85% SNR and 50% CNR over segmented EPI. Mean RMU was similar between SSFP and spoiled GRE, but there was a 58% increase in RMU with SSFP versus segmented EPI. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fat/water separation in single acquisition steady‐state free precession using multiple echo radial trajectories
Authors: Lu Aiming , Grist Thomas M. , Block Walter F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPhase detection in fully refocused SSFP imaging has recently allowed fat/water separation without preparing the magnetization or using multiple acquisitions. Instead, it exploits the phase difference between fat and water at an echo time at the midpoint of the TR. To minimize the TR for improved robustness to B0 inhomogeneity, a 3D projection acquisition collecting two half echoes at the beginning and end of each excitation was previously implemented. Since echoes are not formed at the midpoint of the TR, this method still requires two passes of k‐space for fat/water separation. A new method is presented to linearly combine the half echoes to separate fat and water in a single acquisition. Separation using phase detection provides superior contrast between fat and water voxels. Results from high resolution angiography and musculoskeletal studies with improved robustness to inhomogeneity and a 50% scan time reduction compared to the two pass method are presented. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plastic model with non‐local damage applied to concrete
Authors: Grassl Peter , Jirásek Milan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present paper deals with a certain class of regularized models for concrete failure, combining plasticity with non‐local damage. The plastic part is local and uses a yield condition formulated in the effective stress space. Softening is incorporated through the damage part of the model. Damage is considered as isotropic and linked to the evolution of plastic strain. The regularized version of the model is based on weighted spatial averaging of the damage‐driving variable. Conditions for a mesh‐independent description of the localized zone of inelastic strains are studied using one‐ and two‐dimensional examples solved by simple non‐local damage‐plasticity models, in two dimensions with non‐associated flow. Then, the framework is applied to an advanced model for concrete. Structural examples with tensile and compressive failure are presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Research‐Based Practices to Support Students With Diverse Needs in General Education Settings
Authors: Lembke Erica S. , Stormont Melissa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe purposes of this article are to underscore the importance of using research‐based practices to support the needs of all learners in general education settings and to provide teachers with strategies for obtaining research‐based practices. Students with diverse learning needs require that teachers utilize more effective and efficient practices in their teaching given that many are already behind academically, socially, or both. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 761–763, 2005.
Supporting Successful Transition to Kindergarten: General Challenges and Specific Implications for Students with Problem Behavior
Authors: Stormont Melissa , Beckner Rebecca , Mitchell Barbara , Richter Mary 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to present factors that impede and promote successful transition to kindergarten, with a focus on the specific needs of students with problem behavior. The review addresses competencies that teachers report are critical for success in kindergarten, traditional transition practices, and challenges in implementing transition practices. Suggestions are provided to begin to attend to some of the issues affecting successful transition for children with challenging behavior and include an overarching framework to better support transition practices and specific suggestions for appropriate supports. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 765–778, 2005.
Theory‐ and Evidence‐Based Strategies for Children with Attentional Problems
Authors: Zentall Sydney S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article reviews factors that contribute to and improve selective and sustained attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD—the inattentive and combined subtypes). A brief review of interventions for inattention included psychostimulant medication, behavioral consequences, active‐learning, practice, and cognitive behavioral (self‐monitoring) techniques. Some of these traditional methods must be applied differently to children with ADHD, and some methods were found to be without empirical support. In contrast, educational interventions that involve increasing antecedent (task and setting) stimulus conditions have been demonstrated to normalize attention, and some actually improved the attentional performance of children with ADHD beyond that of their peers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 821–836, 2005.