bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Detention and Human Rights
Authors: O'Loughlin Ailbhe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to consider the legal framework that governs ‘dangerous’ offenders with personality disorders. It evaluates how the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights responds to the risks that preventive detention poses to the human rights of offenders who are labelled as ‘dangerous’. It focuses on the Court’s jurisprudence on two rights that mirror those underlying the DSPD proposals: the offender’s right to rehabilitation and the public’s right to security. The analysis demonstrates that human rights law takes for granted many of the problematic assumptions that underlie recourse to preventive detention measures for ‘dangerous’ offenders. As a result, human rights law does not provide an adequate response to the risk of excessive punishment posed by coercive rehabilitative interventions that are linked to a chance of release from detention. This chapter further identifies that the European Court of Human Rights deploys two rather different conceptual frameworks for understanding what rehabilitation requires of life-sentenced prisoners: rehabilitation as risk reduction and rehabilitation as redemption. Both frameworks place the onus on the prisoner to demonstrate that he has achieved rehabilitation and is eligible for release. The character-based concept of risk underlying the concept of rehabilitation as redemption poses a particular challenge for offenders who are diagnosed with personality disorders that are associated with unpredictability and untrustworthiness.
Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA in 2023
Authors: Strohl William R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In calendar year 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approved a total of 55 new molecular entities, of which 12 were in the class of therapeutic antibodies. Besides antibody protein drugs, the US FDA also approved another five non-antibody protein drugs, making the broader class of protein drugs about 31% of the total approved drugs. Among the 12 therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA, 8 were relatively standard IgG formats, 3 were bivalent, bispecific antibodies and 1 was a trivalent, bispecific antibody. In 2023, no new antibody–drug conjugates, immunocytokines or chimeric antigen receptor-T cells were approved. Of the approved antibodies, two targeted programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) for orphan indications, two targeted CD20 for diffuse large B cell lymphoma, two targeted different receptors (B-cell maturation antigen [BCMA] and G-coupled protein receptor class C, group 5, member D [GPRC5D]) for treatment of multiple myeloma, and one each that targeted amyloid-β protofibrils for Alzheimer’s disease, neonatal Fc receptor alpha-chain for myasthenia gravis, complement factor C5 for CD55 deficiency with hyper-activation of complement, angiopathic thrombosis and severe protein-losing enteropathy disease, interleukin (IL)-23p19 for severely active ulcerative colitis, IL-17A-F for plaque psoriasis and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-F protein for season-long RSV prophylaxis in infants.
Pharmacokinetics of soy-derived lysophosphatidylcholine compared with that of glycerophosphocholine: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tanaka-Kanegae Ryohei , Kimura Hiroyuki , Hamada Koichiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is present in various foods and contains a choline moiety such as in glycerophosphocholine (GPC). However, the potential of LPC as a choline source remains unclear. This study investigated the single-dose pharmacokinetics of 480 mg soy-derived LPC in 12 healthy men compared with that of either soy oil with the same lipid amount (placebo) or GPC with the same choline amount. Both LPC and GPC supplementation increased plasma choline, serum phospholipid, and serum triglyceride concentrations, but neither of them significantly elevated plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration. In addition, although the intake of LPC slightly increased plasma LPC16:0, LPC18:2, and total LPC concentrations, their concentrations remained within physiological ranges. No adverse events were attributed to the LPC supplementation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare LPC and GPC pharmacokinetics in humans and shows that LPC can be a source of choline.
Admix-kit: an integrated toolkit and pipeline for genetic analyses of admixed populations
Authors: Hou Kangcheng , Gogarten Stephanie , Kim Joohyun , Hua Xing , Dias Julie-Alexia , Sun Quan , Wang Ying , Tan Taotao ,   Polygenic Risk Methods in Diverse Populations (PRIMED) Consortium Methods Working Group, Adebamowo Sally , Adeyemo Adebowale , Auer Paul , Bensellak Taoufik , Berndt Sonja , Bhukar Rohan , Cao Hongyuan , Cario Clinton , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Chen Jiawen , Chikowore Tinashe , Choudhury Ananyo , Conomos Matthew , Conti David , Cullina Sinead , Darst Burcu , Ding Yi , Dong Ruocheng , Duan Rui , Fakim Yasmina , Franceschini Nora , Ge Tian , Ghoorah Anisah W , Gignoux Chris , Gogarten Stephanie , Hanchard Neil , Hanisch Rachel , Hauser Michael , Hazelhurst Scott , Hirbo Jibril , Hornsby Whitney , Hou Kangcheng , Hua Xing , Huerta Alicia , Hysong Micah , Jin Jin , Johar Angad , Judd Jon , Kachuri Linda , Kamiza Abram Bunya , Kenny Eimear , Khan Alyna , Kharitonova Elena , Kim Joohyun , Konigsberg Iain , Kooperberg Charles , Kosel Matt , Kullo Iftikhar , Lange Ethan , Li Yun , Li Qing , Liivrand Maria , Lohmueller Kirk , Lu Kevin , Mandla Ravi , Manning Alisa , Martin Iman , Martin Alicia , McDonnell Shannon , Mechanic Leah , Mercader Josep , Mester Rachel , Ng Maggie , Nguyen Kevin , Norland Kristján , Ockerman Franklin , Loohuis Loes Olde , Onyenobi Ebuka , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Patel Aniruddh , Petter Ella , Rice Kenneth , Rothstein Joseph , Rowan Bryce , Rowley Robb , Ruan Yunfeng , Sankararaman Sriram , Sartori Ambra , Schaid Dan , Shemirani Ruhollah , Shortt Jonathan , Sim Xueling , Smith Johanna L , Stanislawski Maggie , Stram Daniel , Sun Quan , Tayo Bamidele , Truong Buu , Tsuo Kristin , Urbut Sarah , Wang Ying , Wang Wallace Minxian , Wilson Riley , Witte John , Wojcik Genevieve , Zhang Jingning , Zhang Ruyue , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Yuji , Zhong Michael , Zhou Laura , Atkinson Elizabeth G , Martin Alicia , Shortt Jonathan , Hirbo Jibril , Li Yun , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Zhang Haoyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Summary
Admixed populations, with their unique and diverse genetic backgrounds, are often underrepresented in genetic studies. This oversight not only limits our understanding but also exacerbates existing health disparities. One major barrier has been the lack of efficient tools tailored for the special challenges of genetic studies of admixed populations. Here, we present admix-kit, an integrated toolkit and pipeline for genetic analyses of admixed populations. Admix-kit implements a suite of methods to facilitate genotype and phenotype simulation, association testing, genetic architecture inference, and polygenic scoring in admixed populations.

Availability and implementation
Admix-kit package is open-source and available at https://github.com/KangchengHou/admix-kit. Additionally, users can use the pipeline designed for admixed genotype simulation available at https://github.com/UW-GAC/admix-kit_workflow.
Nestling size and ornamentation interact to shape early development in house sparrow families
Authors: Border Shana E , Dugas Matthew B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In many nuclear families, dependent offspring receive unequal shares of parental investment. Initial overproduction can be adaptive from the perspective of parents, but parents must be able to identify appropriate candidates for favourite status. We studied early nestling development in house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a species in which the loss of some brood members is common, testing the prediction that body mass and carotenoid-rich flange colours are important to nestling success. There was substantial variation in both traits within broods, even only 1 day after hatching. Nestlings low in the within-brood mass hierarchy gained more mass if they displayed more carotenoid-rich flanges than broodmates. Position in the colour hierarchy did not, however, predict mass gain for individuals that were heavier than their broodmates. Nestlings that were heavier or had more carotenoid-rich mouths were also less likely to be the victim of brood reduction. Our results suggest that house sparrow parents use both nestling body size and mouth colour when making allocation decisions. Understanding both how and when offspring traits and parental preferences function is key to understanding how selective pressures act on offspring–parent communication.
A direct spinal cord–computer interface enables the control of the paralysed hand in spinal cord injury
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Souza , Ponfick Matthias , Braun Dominik I , Osswald Marius , Sierotowicz Marek , Chatterjee Satyaki , Weber Douglas , Eskofier Bjoern , Castellini Claudio , Farina Dario , Kinfe Thomas Mehari , Del Vecchio Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Paralysis of the muscles controlling the hand dramatically limits the quality of life for individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, with a non-invasive neural interface, we demonstrate that eight motor complete SCI individuals (C5–C6) are still able to task-modulate in real-time the activity of populations of spinal motor neurons with residual neural pathways.
In all SCI participants tested, we identified groups of motor units under voluntary control that encoded various hand movements. The motor unit discharges were mapped into more than 10 degrees of freedom, ranging from grasping to individual hand-digit flexion and extension. We then mapped the neural dynamics into a real-time controlled virtual hand. The SCI participants were able to match the cue hand posture by proportionally controlling four degrees of freedom (opening and closing the hand and index flexion/extension).
These results demonstrate that wearable muscle sensors provide access to spared motor neurons that are fully under voluntary control in complete cervical SCI individuals. This non-invasive neural interface allows the investigation of motor neuron changes after the injury and has the potential to promote movement restoration when integrated with assistive devices.
Hippocampal hyperphosphorylated tau-induced deficiency is rescued by L-type calcium channel blockade
Authors: Crossley Chelsea A , Omoluabi Tamunotonye , Torraville Sarah E , Duraid Sarah , Maziar Aida , Hasan Zia , Rajani Vishaal , Ando Kanae , Hell Johannes W , Yuan Qi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aging and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with chronic elevations in neuronal calcium influx via L-type calcium channels. The hippocampus, a primary memory encoding structure in the brain, is more vulnerable to calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease. Recent research has suggested a link between L-type calcium channels and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the precise mechanism of L-type calcium channel-mediated tau toxicity is not understood. In this study, we seeded a human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites in rat hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 region to mimic soluble pretangle tau. Impaired spatial learning was observed in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats as early as 1–3 months and worsened at 9–10 months post-infusion. Rats infused with wild-type human tau exhibited milder behavioural deficiency only at 9–10 months post-infusion. No tangles or plaques were observed in all time points examined in both human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites and human tau-infused brains. However, human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused hippocampus exhibited a higher amount of tau phosphorylation at S262 and S356 than the human tau-infused rats at 3 months post-infusion, paralleling the behavioural deficiency observed in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats. Neuroinflammation indexed by increased Iba1 in the cornu ammonis 1 was observed in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats at 1–3 but not 9 months post-infusion. Spatial learning deficiency in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats at 1–3 months post-infusion was paralleled by decreased neuronal excitability, impaired NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation and augmented L-type calcium channel-dependent long-term potentiation at the cornu ammonis 1 synapses. L-type calcium channel expression was elevated in the soma of the cornu ammonis 1 neurons in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats. Chronic L-type calcium channel blockade with nimodipine injections for 6 weeks normalized neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity and rescued spatial learning deficiency in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats. The early onset of L-type calcium channel-mediated pretangle tau pathology and rectification by nimodipine in our model have significant implications for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease prevention and intervention.
Lifetime prevalence and associated factors of itch with skin conditions: atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and dry skin in individuals aged &gt; 50 years
Authors: Bollemeijer Juliette F , Zheng Kang J , van der Meer Alexandra M , Ikram M Kamran , Kavousi Maryam , Brouwer Willem P , Luik Annemarie I , Chaker Layal , Xu Yanning , Gunn David A , Nijsten Tamar E C , Pardo Luba M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Itch, common in dermatological conditions, is often accompanied by psychological distress and reduced quality of life. However, research on the prevalence and associated factors of itch with skin conditions in general populations is limited.

Objectives
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of itch with skin conditions and to identify its associated factors in individuals aged &gt; 50 years.

Methods
Participants from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort, were interviewed to assess whether they had ever had an itchy skin condition, defining lifetime itch with skin conditions. Over 20 demographic, lifestyle, dermatological and nondermatological factors were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis explored associations between these factors and itch with skin conditions, reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
In total, 5246 eligible participants were included (age range 51–100 years, median age 67; 56.0% women). The results revealed a ­lifetime prevalence of 33.7% for itch with skin conditions. Factors significantly associated with itch were female sex (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43), body mass index (1.02, 1.01–1.03), self-reported atopic dermatitis (4.29, 3.74–4.92), presence of atopic dermatitis (1.97, 1.60–2.43), self-­reported psoriasis (2.31, 1.77–3.01), presence of psoriasis (2.11, 1.55–2.87), self-reported dry skin (1.95, 1.73–2.20), self-reported asthma (1.40, 1.08–1.83), renal impairment (1.45, 1.17–1.79), and clinically relevant depressive (1.85, 1.52–2.25) and anxiety symptoms (1.36, 1.11–1.66).

Conclusions
This study reveals a substantial one-third lifetime prevalence of itch with skin conditions in individuals aged &gt; 50 years. Significant associations with diverse lifestyle, demographic, dermatological and, intriguingly, nondermatological factors, including renal impairment, imply additional contributors to induction or persistence of itch in individuals with skin conditions.
Silver-catalyzed carbon dioxide incorporation into propargylic amides
Authors: Uema Seiya , Kojima Nao , Yamada Tohru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A method for the synthesis of oxazolidine-2,4-diones by silver-catalyzed CO2 incorporation into propargylic amides under base-free mild reaction conditions was developed. These conditions were applied to a variety of aryl- and alkyl-substituted propargylic amides to afford the corresponding oxazolidine-2,4-diones in high yields. Combined with iodination during the CO2 incorporation reaction, the present reaction was successfully applied to the synthesis of the pesticide pentoxazone.
Additive intercropping system or acaricides: which one is more efficient to prevent population buildup of two-spotted spider mite?
Authors: Rahimi Vahab , Madadi Hossein 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Habitat manipulation such as intercropping can be used as a simple and common cultural practice in pest management. This method is based on the principle of reducing pest populations by increasing the diversity of an ecosystem. This study has been carried out to evaluate the influence of additive series intercropping common bean with some aromatic plants (AP), and 2 acaricides on the different life stages (egg, immature mobile stages, and adult) of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), over 2 yr of experimentation (2020 and 2021). This experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design with 7 treatments including common bean monoculture, common bean sprayed by spiromesifen or Dayabon, and common bean + companion plants (coriander, ajwain, basil, or dill). Each treatment was replicated 3 replicates. The lowest and highest number of eggs, immature mobile stages, and adults were observed in common bean + spiromesifen and the common bean monoculture, respectively. Additionally, the common bean + Dayabon supported significantly different T. urticae life stage densities compared to common bean monoculture. Also, among intercropped treatments, common bean + basil showed the lowest number of T. urticae (eggs, immature mobile stages, and adults). The highest yield and land equivalent ratio were recorded in common bean + basil and common bean + spiromesifen, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that additive intercropping with these AP can effectively decrease the T. urticae population density, which is useful for the safe production of common bean.
Comparative prognostic importance of measures of left atrial structure and function in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hammersley Daniel J , Mukhopadhyay Srinjay , Chen Xiuyu , Cheng Leanne , Jones Richard E , Mach Lukas , Curran Lara , Yazdani Momina , Iacob Alma , Lota Amrit S , Khalique Zohya , De Marvao Antonio , Baruah Resham , Guha Kaushik , Ware James S , Gregson John , Zhao Shihua , Pennell Dudley J , Tayal Upasana , Prasad Sanjay K , Halliday Brian P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to compare the association between measures of left atrial (LA) structure and function, derived from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), with cardiovascular death or non-fatal heart failure events in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods and results
CMR studies of 580 prospectively recruited patients with DCM in sinus rhythm [median age 54 (interquartile range 44–64) years, 61% men, median left ventricular ejection fraction 42% (30–51%)] were analysed for measures of LA structure [LA maximum volume index (LAVImax) and LA minimum volume index (LAVImin)] and function (LA emptying fraction, LA reservoir strain, LA conduit strain (LACS), and LA booster strain]. Over a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 103 patients (18%) met the primary endpoint. Apart from LACS, each measure of LA structure and function was associated with the primary endpoint after adjusting for other important prognostic variables. The addition of each LA metric to a baseline model containing the same important prognostic covariates improved model discrimination, with LAVImin providing the greatest improvement [C-statistic improvement: 0.702–0.738; χ2 test comparing likelihood ratio P &lt; 0.0001; categorical net reclassification index: 0.210 (95% CI 0.023–0.392)]. Patients in the highest tercile of LAVImin had similar event rates to those with persistent atrial fibrillation. Measures of LA strain did not enhance model discrimination above LA volumetric measures.

Conclusion
Measures of LA structure and function offer important prognostic information in patients with DCM and enhance the prediction of adverse outcomes. LA strain was not incremental to volumetric analysis for risk prediction.
Marine particle microbiomes during a spring diatom bloom contain active sulfate-reducing bacteria
Authors: Siebers Robin , Schultz Doreen , Farza Mohamed S , Brauer Anne , Zühlke Daniela , Mücke Pierre A , Wang Fengqing , Bernhardt Jörg , Teeling Hanno , Becher Dörte , Riedel Katharina , Kirstein Inga V , Wiltshire Karen H , Hoff Katharina J , Schweder Thomas , Urich Tim , Bengtsson Mia M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms fuel marine food webs with labile dissolved carbon and also lead to the formation of particulate organic matter composed of living and dead algal cells. These particles contribute to carbon sequestration and are sites of intense algal-bacterial interactions, providing diverse niches for microbes to thrive. We analyzed 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequences obtained from 51 time points and metaproteomes from 3 time points during a spring phytoplankton bloom in a shallow location (6-10 m depth) in the North Sea. Particulate fractions larger than 10 µm diameter were collected at near daily intervals between early March and late May in 2018. Network analysis identified two major modules representing bacteria co-occurring with diatoms and with dinoflagellates, respectively. The diatom network module included known sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterota as well as potentially sulfur-oxidizing Ectothiorhodospiraceae. Metaproteome analyses confirmed presence of key enzymes involved in dissimilatory sulfate reduction, a process known to occur in sinking particles at greater depths and in sediments. Our results indicate the presence of sufficiently anoxic niches in the particle fraction of an active phytoplankton bloom to sustain sulfate reduction, and an important role of benthic-pelagic coupling for microbiomes in shallow environments. Our findings may have implications for the understanding of algal-bacterial interactions and carbon export during blooms in shallow-water coastal areas.