bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Columbia Basin of Oregon
Authors: Hamm P. B. , Gieck S. L. , David N. L. , Hunger R. M. 
Published: October 2007

The Columbia Basin of Oregon consists of six counties (Gilliam, Hood River, Morrow, Sherman, Wasco, and Umatilla) and is the major wheat-producing region in the state. In 2005, these counties produced 300,277 ha of mostly fall-planted wheat. While primarily a dryland production area, wheat (approximately 8,094 ha) is also grown as a rotational crop under irrigation. Stunted and chlorotic winter wheat plants with leaves exhibiting a mosaic pattern consistent with that caused by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) were observed in March 2005. These plants originated from four center-pivot irrigated fields in Umatilla County with each field approximately 50.6 ha. One-half of one field was planted with cv. Western Breeders 470 (WB470) and the other half with cv. Tubbs, while the three other fields were planted to Tubbs. In the split-planted field, symptoms were widespread in the WB470 half but only observed in low-lying areas planted with Tubbs. ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) confirmed the presence of SBWMV, which is transmitted by the soilborne organism Polymyxa graminis. Electron microscopy confirmed rigid, rod-shaped particles that were 19 nm wide and of two size classes, 138 to 222 and 416 to 471 nm long. Presence of SBWMV was further verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using SBWMV RNA-2 specific primers (sense 5′-AAAGAGTCTIGCGTRTARCAYTC-3′ and antisense 5′-AACGGTGTTAGTAARYTRGGKGA-3′), which amplified the predicted 338-bp product from the coat protein gene (1). Additional positive samples were found in 2006 from fall-planted wheat cvs. WB 528 and MJ9 from two additional 50.6-ha fields in Umatilla County. In 2005, yield of WB470 in the split-planted field was reduced by approximately 15% compared with yields obtained in similar fields planted with WB470 not exhibiting symptoms. SBWMV has been reported previously in Oregon (2) but nearly 322 km to the west in an area that is not the major wheat-producing region in Oregon. Because of the apparent reduced susceptibility of Tubbs, which is an older cultivar, as compared with WB470, WB528, and MJ9, which are three new high-yielding cultivars, additional research is needed to identify the reaction to SBWMV of cultivars adapted for production in the Pacific Northwest, particularly if this disease becomes widely distributed in both irrigated and dryland production areas. References: (1) G. R. G. Clover et al. Plant Pathol. 50:761, 2001. (2) M. L. Putman et al. Plant Dis. 78:102, 1994.
First Report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) in Italy
Authors: Lahoz E. , Caiazzo R. , Carella A. , Cozzolino E. 
Published: October 2007

In each of two fields of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) grown in Benevento Province (southern Italy), 60 to 70% of the plants developed severe root and crown rot. Symptoms included irregular, water-soaked spots on stems that were eventually covered with cottony mycelia as the lesions enlarged. Black sclerotia usually developed within the mycelium. The fungus was isolated on potato dextrose agar and 2% water agar. On the basis of colony morphology, including the production of black sclerotia (1), the fungus was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by near exact identity of internal transcribed spacer sequences (99%) with two isolates of S. sclerotiorum in GenBank (Accession Nos. Z73800 and Z73799). Pathogenicity of the fungus on buckwheat was evaluated by transplanting 20 20-day-old healthy plants in a mixture of soil and fungal inoculum (0.5% of wet millet seeds colonized by four isolates of S. sclerotiorum). Lesions on crowns and roots developed after 12 days and sclerotia appeared approximately 20 days later. No symptoms developed on noninoculated plants. Reisolation from inoculated plants yielded colonies of S. sclerotiorum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. sclerotiorum on buckwheat in Italy. The high incidence and severity of the disease may be limiting factors in the development of buckwheat as an alternative crop of tobacco in southern Italy. Reference: (1) J. E. M. Mordue and P. Holliday. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. No. 513 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1976.
Mutations associated with succinate dehydrogenase d‐related malignant paragangliomas
Authors: Timmers Henri J. L. M. , Pacak Karel , Bertherat Jérôme , Lenders Jacques W. M. , Duet Michèle , Eisenhofer Graeme , Stratakis Constantine A. , Niccoli‐Sire Patricia , Huy Patrice Tran Ba , Burnichon Nelly , Gimenez‐Roqueplo Anne‐Paule 
Published: September 2007

SummaryObjective  Hereditary paraganglioma (PGL) syndromes result from germline mutations in genes encoding subunits B, C and D of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB, SDHC and SDHD). SDHB‐related PGLs are known in particular for their high malignant potential. Recently, however, malignant PGLs were also reported among a small minority of Dutch carriers of the SDHD founder mutation D92Y. The aim of the study was to investigate which SDHD mutations are associated with malignant PGL.Design  Case histories; collaborative study between referral centres in France, the USA, and the Netherlands.Patients  Six unrelated patients with metastatic PGLs of either sympathetic or parasympathetic origin.Measurements  Assessment of SDHD mutations underlying malignant PGL.Results  Germline SDHD mutations underlying metastatic PGL were G148D, Y114X, L85X, W43X, D92Y, and IVS2+5G→A.Conclusion  Our findings indicate that malignant SDHD‐related PGL is associated with several mutations besides D92Y.
The impact of thyroid eye disease upon patients’ wellbeing: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Estcourt Stephanie , Vaidya Bijay , Quinn Anthony , Shepherd Maggie 
Published: September 2007

SummaryBackground  Previous studies using quality of life (QoL) questionnaires have shown poor QoL in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). However, predetermined questionnaires limit in‐depth investigation of psychosocial and emotional effects of TED. A qualitative approach allows detailed exploration of patients’ perceptions of wellbeing and can capture their lived experiences.Objective  To explore the experience of living and coping with TED.Design and patients  A qualitative study involving individual, tape‐recorded, semistructured interviews with 25 participants with TED (20 female subjects, median age 54 years, range 28–90 years). Thematic content analysis identified themes, from which theoretical interpretations were formed.Results  Three key themes were identified: (1) development of an altered identity as a result of changes in appearance, abilities and roles due to physical consequences of TED. This was described in the context of life before and after TED; (2) creation of coping strategies including denial, social avoidance, adjustment and stoicism; (3) difficult interactions with healthcare practitioners due to uncertainty surrounding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment choices, resulting in patients’ disengagement, anger and frustration.Conclusion  This qualitative study has identified the phenomenon of an altered identity due to direct consequences of TED that impact upon patients’ wellbeing, coping strategies and interactions with healthcare professionals.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp, 4b/a, and T‐786C polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Ezzidi Intissar , Mtiraoui Nabil , Mohamed Manel Ben Hadj , Mahjoub Touhami , Kacem Maha , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryObjective  The possible association between the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene T‐786C (promoter region), 27‐bp repeat 4b/4a (intron 4), and Glu298Asp (exon 7) polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy (DR) was investigated.Design  A retrospective case‐control study.Patients  A total of 872 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients were studied, of whom 383 presented with preproliferative/proliferative retinopathy (DR group), and 489 with absent/mild retinopathy (DWR group).Measurements  Glu298Asp and T‐786C genotyping was carried out by PCR‐RFLP analysis, while 4b/4a was assessed by PCR. Genotype distribution was compared using the χ2‐test, and the contributions of the polymorphisms to DR were analysed by haplotype analysis and multivariate regression analysis.Results  Lower prevalence of mutant 4a (P = 0·011), and heterozygous 4b/4a (P = 0·042) were seen in the DR compared to the DWR groups; the allele and genotype distribution of the Glu298Asp and T‐786C polymorphisms were comparable between DR and DWR groups. Three‐loci haplotype analysis demonstrated significant association between eNOS variants and DR, with protective [haplotype 122 (Glu298/4a/‐786C)], and susceptible haplotypes [haplotypes 112 (Glu298/4b/‐786C) and 222 (Asp298/4a/‐786C)] identified. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the association between haplotypes 122 (P = 0·015); 112 (P = 0·027), and 222 (P = 0·048) and DR, after controlling for potential covariates (including age, sex, age of disease onset; HbA1c; hypertension, total cholesterol).Conclusions  This study identifies genetic variation at the eNOS locus as genetic risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, which may serve as a useful marker of increased susceptibility to the risk of retinopathy.
Homozygosity of the d3‐growth hormone receptor polymorphism is associated with a high total effect of GH on growth and a low BMI in girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Binder Gerhard , Trebar Branko , Baur Friederike , Schweizer Roland , Ranke Michael B. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryObjective  The protein polymorphism of the GH receptor caused by genomic deletion of exon 3 (d3) has been linked to the magnitude of the first‐year‐growth response to GH in girls with Turner syndrome. Here, we studied the long‐term effect of GH therapy in Turner syndrome in correlation to this polymorphism.Design  The study was mainly retrospective.Patients  The women with Turner syndrome (n = 48) had been treated with GH over the past 18 years at our hospital. The mean GH dose used was 38 µg/kg/day (SD 8).Measurements  The GHR‐exon 3 locus was genotyped using a PCR multiplex assay for both alleles and a second PCR assay for the full length (fl) allele only.Results  The fl/fl, d3/fl and d3/d3 genotypes were present in 24, 17 and 7 women, respectively. Mean Turner height standard deviation scores (SDS) at start of therapy was 0·09 (1·09), mean age was 9·1 years (3). Age, height, target height, age at start of puberty and mode of GH therapy were not different between the groups. Total gain in height (difference between final adult height and initial height) was significantly higher in the d3/d3 group [+1·84 SDS (0·31)] than in the fl/fl group [+0·72 SDS (0·92)] and in the d3/fl group [+0·83 SDS (0·93)] (P < 0·001). A covariance analysis confirmed the effect of the polymorphism. Mean BMI SDS at the start and end of therapy was low in the d3/d3 group and significantly lower than in the fl/fl group (P < 0·04).Conclusions  Our data suggest that homozygosity for the d3‐GHR polymorphism is associated with a unique GH responsiveness and a weight regulation towards a lower BMI in girls with Turner syndrome.
Chronic unexplained anaemia in isolated autoimmune thyroid disease or associated with autoimmune related disorders
Authors: Sibilla Rosanna , Santaguida Maria Giulia , Virili Camilla , Gargano Lucilla , Nardo Serena , Guardia Michele Della , Viceconti Nicola , Franchi Antonella , Centanni Marco 
Published: September 2007

SummaryObjective  The prevalence of chronic unexplained anaemia was analysed in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD).Design  The presence of chronic unexplained anaemia, defined as anaemia not related to evident or occult bleeding and/or to erythropoietic disorders, was retrospectively assessed and compared in patients with nonautoimmune thyroid disease (NATD) and in patients with ATD.Subjects and measurements  Biochemical and morphological parameters of anaemia were investigated and characterized in 1643 consecutive Caucasian outpatients with thyroid disease. In 991 patients, thyroid disease had a nonautoimmune origin. ATD was diagnosed in 652 patients (71 had Graves’ disease and 581 had Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its variants). In 145 patients ATD was associated with other autoimmune disorders.Results  The presence of chronic unexplained anaemia was diagnosed in 123 patients (7·5%). Forty‐eight had a thalassaemic trait, representing 2·9% of the whole sample. A true chronic unexplained anaemia was recorded in 75/1643 (4·6%). The occurrence of unexplained anaemia was similar in patients with NATD (1·9%) and in those with isolated ATD (2·96%; P = NS) but increased in patients with ATD and autoimmune related disorders (ARD) compared to patients with isolated ATD and/or with NATD (28·3%; both P < 0·0001; RR = 9·56 and 14·75, respectively). Chronic unexplained anaemia was virtually absent in hyperthyroid patients and was more prevalent in hypothyroid than in euthyroid patients with ATD (P = 0·0047; RR = 2·104).Conclusions  These results indicate that the increased frequency of chronic anaemia in patients with ATD is essentially due to the presence of concomitant autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases.
Is the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer in accordance with recent consensus guidelines? – Results of a national survey
Authors: Van den Bruel A. , Moreno‐Reyes R. , Bex M. , Daumerie C. , Glinoer D. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryObjective  To assess approaches to patients with a potentially malignant thyroid nodule and patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and compare them with the European Consensus and Guidelines by the American Thyroid Association.Design   A survey of the 388 active members of the Belgian Thyroid Club.Methods  A questionnaire addressing the management of an index case and four clinical variations (including variations in the size of the tumour and histological type). The index case was a 40‐year‐old euthyroid woman with a 3‐cm solitary thyroid nodule. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology showed cellular aspirates with numerous follicular cells and no colloid.Results  The overall response rate was 41%. For the index case, respondents favoured a right lobectomy. Variations in size and histopathology of the nodule altered the management. In the case of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) of 3 cm in diameter, a total thyroidectomy and prophylactic central lymph node dissection was preferred. After a lobectomy showing a 3·5‐cm follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), completion surgery followed by radioiodine administration was the most frequent proposal. For the follow‐up of the index case with a low‐risk disease, determination of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) administration was considered by the majority of respondents. For the follow‐up of a clinical variation with residual disease, immediate planning of a new treatment was (mistakenly) not considered by a majority of respondents.Conclusions  In most cases, respondents were in accordance with the guidelines, although there were some unexpected variations.
Cytological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis, using Papanicolaou and May–Grünwald–Giemsa stained cutaneous tissue smear
Authors: Christensen E. , Bofin A. , Guðmundsdóttir I. , Skogvoll E. 
Published: October 2007

Objective:  Cytology may become the diagnostic method of choice with the advent of new non‐invasive treatments for non‐melanoma skin cancer, as the sampling technique for cytology entails little tissue disfiguration. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the diagnostic performance of scrape cytology using two different cytological staining techniques, and to evaluate additional touch imprint cytology, with that of histopathology of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK).Methods:  We investigated 50 BCC and 28 AK histologically verified lesions, from 41 and 25 patients, respectively. Two separate skin scrape samples and one touch imprint sample were taken from each lesion. The smears were stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) or May–Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) stains. All cytological specimens were examined in random order by pathologists without knowledge of the histology. Cytodiagnostic results were compared with the histopathological report.Results:  Scrape cytodiagnosis agreed with histopathology in 48 (Pap) and 47 (MGG) of the 50 BCC cases, and in 26 of 28 (Pap) and 21 of 26 (MGG) AK cases, yielding sensitivities of 96%, 94%, 93% and 81%, respectively. No significant difference in sensitivity between the two staining methods was found but a trend towards higher Pap sensitivity for AK was noted (P = 0.10). Touch imprint cytology confirmed histopathology in 38 of the 77 cases of BCC and AK.Conclusion:  Cytological diagnosis with either Pap or MGG stain for BCC and AK is reliable, and differentiates well between BCC and AK. Imprint cytology proved to be non‐diagnostic in half of the examined cases.
Intraluminal plugs in idiopathic and secondary organizing pneumonia: repair or remodelling?
Authors: Ranzani O T , Parra E R , De Morais Fernezlian S , Capelozzi V L 
Published: October 2007

Aims:  Organizing pneumonia (OP) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized histologically by intraluminal plugs involving alveolar ducts and alveoli. The aim was to examine extracellular matrix repair and remodelling in 12 cases of idiopathic OP and compare these with 11 cases of secondary OP.Methods and results:  Collagen/elastic fibre density, myofibroblast proliferation, microvascular density and endothelial activity in the intraluminal plugs were evaluated by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The density of the collagen system fibres was greater in plugs of idiopathic OP when compared with secondary OP (P < 0.001). Quantification of myofibroblastic cells confirmed differences observed in patterns of immunoexpression; when compared with secondary OP, idiopathic OP contained fewer myofibroblastic cells in intraluminal plugs (P = 0.01). Microvascular density (CD34) and endothelial activity (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and E‐selectin) were significantly greater in secondary OP (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Idiopathic and secondary OP show significant variation in morphological features that may represent different responses to injury. Increased collagen synthesis, low myofibroblast proliferation, poor microvascularization and minimal endothelial activity found in idiopathic OP may be more of a remodelling process than secondary OP repair.
Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide‐ and glass‐ionomer‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Tanomaru‐Filho M. , Jorge E.G , Tanomaru J.M.G. , Gonçalves M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To evaluate the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide‐based root canal sealers (Acroseal, Sealapex and Sealer 26), a glass‐ionomer‐based sealer (Activ GP Sealer) and a zinc oxide and eugenol‐based sealer (Intrafill).Methodology  Five disc‐shaped specimens (10 × 1 mm) were fabricated from each material, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876/2001 standard. After setting of the materials, radiographs were taken using occlusal films and a graduated aluminum step‐wedge varying from 2 to 16 mm in thickness. The dental X‐ray unit (GE1000) was set at 50 Kvp, 10 mA, 18 pulses s−1 and distance of 33.5 cm. The radiographs were digitized and the radiopacity compared with that of the aluminum step‐wedge, using WIXWIN‐2000 software (Gendex). Data (mm Al) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test.Results  Intrafill was the most radiopaque material (7.67 mm Al) followed by Sealer 26 (6.33 mm Al), Sealapex (6.05 mm Al) and Acroseal (4.03 mm Al). Activ GP was the least radiopaque material (1.95 mm Al, P < 0.05).Conclusions  The sealers evaluated in this study had different radiopacities. However, except for the glass‐ionomer‐based sealer, all materials had radiopacity values above the minimum recommended by the ISO standard.
Immune responses of rats to live Vibrio cholerae: antibodies in serum and intestinal secretions
Authors: COOPER G.N. , JACKSON G.D.F. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYFollowing injection of live Vibrio cholerae into the small intestine of rats, antibodies appear in the serum and mucus secretions associated with the intestinal surfaces. In contrast to oral immunization, single pulses given by this route cause primary and secondary agglutinating and vibriocidal antibody responses; they are slower to develop but similar to those induced by intravenous injection of 10‐fold lower doses of the organisms. However, the intestinal route of injection appears to favour local formation of agglutinating antibodies that are directly transferred to the mucus secretions; it is likely that these are of the sIgA class. Evidence has also been presented which suggests that intestinal injection causes formation of antibodies which inhibit agglutination of V. cholerae by type‐specific antiserum; these inhibitory effects are eliminated if the reaction is carried out in the presence of diluted normal rabbit serum rather than saline.
Transfer of immunity to Nematospiroides dubius: co‐operation between lymphoid cells and antibodies in mediating worm expulsion
Authors: BEHNKE J.M. , PARISH HEATHER A. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYThe effect of transferring immune serum (IS) and immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC) either alone or in combination was studied in NIH mice infected with partially radiation attenuated (5 krad) N. dubius. It was demonstrated that immunity to N. dubius could be transferred with IS and with IMLNC. However, considerably greater protection was transferred to recipient mice when they received both IS + IMLNC. Animals treated in this way had fewer worms than either of the other groups from as early as day 9 onwards, suggesting that a substantial proportion of the worms in mice given IS + IMLNC was retained in the intestinal tissues. The few surviving worms which completed the tissue phase of their development were then rejected by the fourth week of infection. Dose response data showed that as few as 1 × 107 IMLNC could cause a significant reduction in worm numbers when given in combination with IS. These experiments indicate that both antibodies (IS) and sensitized lymphoid cells (IMLNC) are required for effective resistance to N. dubius.
Alternative pathway activation of complement in fetal lamb serum by Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae
Authors: STANKIEWICZ M. , JONAS W. , ELLIOTT D. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYFetal lamb serum (FLS) complement activated by incubation with Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae was deposited on the larval surface and its presence was demonstrated by leucocyte and erythrocyte adherence reactions and by analysis of antisera from guinea‐pig immunized with the larvae. The complement activation proceeded in the apparent absence of antibody and in the presence of ethylene glycol tetracetic acid (EGTA) or Mg++‐EGTA but not ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA). FLS heated to 50°C for 30 min was inactive, but activity was restored by addition of FLS factor B alone or factor B plus Mg++‐EGTA. FLS treated with zymosan or inulin was inactive. These results suggest that this non‐immune activation of sheep complement by T. vitrinus takes place via the alternative pathway.