bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophils exhibit a unique transcriptional signature and increased sensitivity to IL-3–induced activation in response to colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Itan Michal , Dulberg Shai , Kaminitz Ayelet , Munitz Ariel , Madi Asaf 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Eosinophils have been mainly studied in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, eosinophils accumulate in a variety of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, where their presence is associated with improved prognosis. Eosinophils can promote antitumor immunity through various mechanisms, including direct cytotoxicity toward tumor cells and promoting T-cell activation. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells regulate eosinophil activities are largely unknown. Herein, we characterized the potential interactions between eosinophils and colorectal cancer cells using an unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic analyses approach. Human eosinophils were stimulated with colorectal cancer cell conditioned media, containing tumor cell secreted factors from multiple cancer cell lines. RNA sequencing analysis identified a “core” signature consisting of 101 genes that characterize a baseline transcriptional program for the response of human eosinophils to colorectal cancer cells. Among these, the increased expression of IL-3Rα and its βc chain was identified and validated at the protein level. Secreted factors from tumor cells potentiated IL-3–induced expression of the adhesion molecule CD11a in eosinophils. Combining proteomics analysis of tumor cell secreted factors with RNA sequencing revealed potential ligand–receptor pairs between tumor cells and eosinophils and the potential involvement of the adhesion molecule CD18 and F2RL3/PAR4. Subsequent functional analyses demonstrated that F2RL3/PAR4 suppresses eosinophil migration in response tumor cell secreted factors. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that eosinophils are conditioned by their local microenvironment. Identifying mechanisms by which eosinophils interact with tumor cells could lead to the development of new immunotherapies for colorectal cancer and other solid tumors.
Specific BCG-related gene expression levels correlate with immune cell infiltration and prognosis in melanoma
Authors: Ren He , He Jiacheng , Dong Jie , Jiang Guoqian , Hao Jianlei , Han Liang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Melanoma, caused by malignant melanocytes, is known for its invasiveness and poor prognosis. Therapies are often ineffective due to their heterogeneity and resistance. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), primarily a tuberculosis vaccine, shows potential in treating melanoma by activating immune responses. In this study, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database were utilized to determine pivotal DEGs such as DSC2, CXCR1, BOK, and CSTB, which are significantly upregulated in BCG-treated blood samples and are strongly associated with the prognosis of melanoma. We employ tools like edgeR and ggplot2 for functional and pathway analysis and develop a prognostic model using LASSO Cox regression analysis to predict patient survival. A notable finding is the correlation between BCG-related genes and immune cell infiltration in melanoma, highlighting the potential of these genes as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, the study examines genetic alterations in these genes and their impact on the disease. This study highlights the necessity of further exploring BCG-related genes for insights into melanoma pathogenesis and treatment enhancement, suggesting that BCG's role in immune activation could offer novel therapeutic avenues in cancer treatment.
MiR-150 levels are related to in-hospital mortality in non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia patients
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Han , Zhang Qian-Yu , Tong Zhao-Hui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients. Compared with HIV patients, PCP in non-HIV patients tends to follow up a more urgent course and poorer prognosis. Therefore, markers that could predict survival of PCP patients in non-HIV population are of great value. MiRNA-150 has been widely studied in many diseases since it has been identified as a vital regulator of immune cell differentiation and activation. We thus conduct this study aiming to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-150 level in non-HIV PCP. First, the expression levels of miR-150 were compared between PCP patients and healthy volunteers. The miR-150 levels in immune cells were also detected in PCP mouse models. Then the prognostic value of miR-150 was further assessed in another PCP population (n = 72). The expression levels of miR-150 were measured by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technique. Our data demonstrated significantly decreased miR-150 expression levels in PCP patients and mouse models compared to controls. The miR-150 levels also decreased in various immune cells of PCP mouse models. With a cut-off value of 3.48, the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity of miR-150 to predicate PCP mortality were 0.845, 68.2% and 96.0%, respectively. In conclusion, miR-150 expression value might serve as a potential biomarker to identify PCP patients at high risk of death.
To test RNLRs−LO3 relation for narrow emission line regions of AGNs through low-redshift Type-2 AGNs in SDSS
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Sizes of narrow emission line regions (NLRs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) could be estimated by [O iii] line luminosity LO3 through the known RNLRs−LO3 empirical relations. Unfortunately, it is not convenient to test the RNLRs− LO3 empirical relations through structure properties of spatially resolved NLRs of large samples of AGNs. In this manuscript, a method is proposed to test the $R_{\mathrm{ NLRs}}\!\!-\!\!L_{\mathrm{ O3}}^{\sim 0.25}$ empirical relations for AGN NLRs through Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Type-2 AGNs having few orientation effects on NLR sizes expected by the AGN unified model, after considering sizes Rfib of SDSS fibre-covered regions. Comparing Rfib and RNLRs estimated by LO3, Type-2 AGNs with Rfib &gt; RNLRs (Sample-II) and with Rfib &lt; RNLRs (Sample-I) should have different physical properties of NLRs. Accepting electron density gradients in AGN NLRs, statistically higher electron densities (traced by lower flux ratio RS2 of [S ii] λ6717 Å to [S ii] λ6731 Å) could be expected for the Type-2 AGNs in the Sample-I. Then, through the collected 1062 SDSS Type-2 AGNs in the Sample-I and 3658 SDSS Type-2 AGNs in the Sample-II, statistically lower RS2 for the Type-2 AGNs in the Sample-I can be confirmed with confidence level higher than 5σ, even after considering necessary effects. Therefore, the results in this manuscript can provide strong clues to support that the reported $R_{\mathrm{ NLRs}}~\propto ~L_{\mathrm{ O3}}^{0.25}$ empirical relation is preferred to estimate NLR sizes of SDSS AGNs through SDSS fibre spectroscopic results, and also to support the commonly expected electron density gradients in AGN NLRs.
The classical T Tauri star CI Tau observed with SPIRou: magnetospheric accretion and planetary formation
Authors: Donati J -F , Finociety B , Cristofari P I , Alencar S H P , Moutou C , Delfosse X , Fouqué P , Arnold L , Baruteau C , Kóspál Á , Ménard F , Carmona A , Grankin K , Takami M , Artigau E , Doyon R , Hébrard G ,   the SPIRou science team
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report new observations of the classical T Tauri star CI Tau with the SPIRou near-infrared spectropolarimeter and velocimeter at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) in late 2019, 2020, and 2022, complemented with observations obtained with the ESPaDOnS optical spectropolarimeter at CFHT in late 2020. From our SPIRou and ESPaDOnS spectra, to which we applied least-squares deconvolution, we infer longitudinal fields clearly modulated with the 9-d rotation period of CI Tau. Using Zeeman–Doppler imaging, we reconstruct the large-scale magnetic topology, first from SPIRou data only in all three seasons, then from our 2020 SPIRou and ESPaDOnS data simultaneously. We find that CI Tau hosts a mainly axisymmetric poloidal field, with a 1 kG dipole slightly tilted to the rotation axis and dark spots close to the pole that coincide with the footpoints of accretion funnels linking the star to the inner disc. Our results also suggest that CI Tau accretes mass from the disc in a stable fashion. We further find that radial velocities (RVs) derived from atomic and CO lines in SPIRou spectra are both rotationally modulated, but with a much lower amplitude than that expected from the putative candidate planet CI Tau b. We confirm the presence of a RV signal at a period of 23.86 d reported in a separate analysis, but detect it clearly in CO lines only and not in atomic lines, suggesting that it likely traces a non-axisymmetric structure in the inner disc of CI Tau rather than a massive close-in planet.
A novel Bayesian approach for decomposing the radio emission of quasars: I. Modelling the radio excess in red quasars
Authors: Yue B -H , Best P N , Duncan K J , Calistro-Rivera G , Morabito L K , Petley J W , Prandoni I , Röttgering H J A , Smith D J B 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Studies show that both radio jets from the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the star formation (SF) activity in quasar host galaxies contribute to the quasar radio emission; yet their relative contributions across the population remain unclear. Here, we present an improved parametric model that allows us to statistically separate the SF and AGN components in observed quasar radio flux density distributions, and investigate how their relative contributions evolve with AGN bolometric luminosity ($L_\mathrm{bol}$) and redshift (z) using a fully Bayesian method. Based on the newest data from LOw-Frequency ARray Two-metre Sky Survey data release 2, our model gives robust fitting results out to $z\sim 4$, showing a quasar host galaxy SF rate (SFR) evolution that increases with bolometric luminosity and with redshift out to $z\sim 4$. This differs from the global cosmic SFR density, perhaps due to the importance of galaxy mergers. The prevalence of radio AGN emissions increases with quasar luminosity, but has little dependence on redshift. Furthermore, our new methodology and large sample size allow us to subdivide our data set to investigate the role of other parameters. Specifically, in this paper, we explore quasar colour and demonstrate that the radio excess in red quasars is due to an enhancement in AGN-related emission, since the host galaxy SF contribution to the total radio emission is independent of quasar colour. We also find evidence that this radio enhancement occurs mostly in quasars with weak or intermediate radio power.
The Hertzsprung progression of classical Cepheids in the Gaia era
Authors: Marconi Marcella , De Somma Giulia , Molinaro Roberto , Bhardwaj Anupam , Ripepi Vincenzo , Musella Ilaria , Sicignano Teresa , Trentin Erasmo , Leccia Silvio 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
A new fine grid of non-linear convective pulsation models for the so-called ‘bump Cepheids’ is presented to investigate the Hertzprung progression (HP) phenomenon shown by their light and radial pulsation velocity curves. The period corresponding to the centre of the HP is investigated as a function of various model assumptions, such as the efficiency of superadiabatic convection, the mass–luminosity relation, and the metal and helium abundances. The assumed mass–luminosity relation is found to significantly affect the phenomenon but variations in the chemical composition as well as in the stellar mass (at fixed mass–luminosity relation) also play a key role in determining the value of the HP centre period. Finally, the predictive capability of the presented theoretical scenario is tested against observed light curves of bump Cepheids in the ESA Gaia data base, also considering the variation of the pulsation amplitudes and of the Fourier parameters R21 and Φ21 with the pulsation period. A qualitative agreement between theory and observations is found for what concerns the evolution of the light curve morphology as the period moves across the HP centre, as well for the pattern in period–amplitude, period–R21, and period–Φ21 planes. A larger sample of observed Cepheids with accurate light curves and metallicities is required in order to derive more quantitative conclusions.
Interplay of stellar and gas-phase metallicities: unveiling insights for stellar feedback modelling with Illustris, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE
Authors: Garcia Alex M , Torrey Paul , Grasha Kathryn , Hernquist Lars , Ellison Sara , Zovaro Henry R M , Hemler Z S , Nelson Erica J , Kewley Lisa J 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The metal content of galaxies provides a window into their formation in the full context of the cosmic baryon cycle. In this study, we examine the relationship between stellar mass and stellar metallicity (MZ*R) in the hydrodynamic simulations Illustris, TNG, and EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environment) to understand the global properties of stellar metallicities within the feedback paradigm employed by these simulations. Interestingly, we observe significant variations in the overall normalization and redshift evolution of the MZ*R across the three simulations. However, all simulations consistently demonstrate a tertiary dependence on the specific star formation rate (sSFR) of galaxies. This finding parallels the relationship seen in both simulations and observations between stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, and some proxy of galaxy gas content (e.g. SFR, gas fraction, and atomic gas mass). Since we find this correlation exists in all three simulations, each employing a subgrid treatment of the dense, star-forming interstellar medium (ISM) to simulate smooth stellar feedback, we interpret this result as a fairly general feature of simulations of this kind. Furthermore, with a toy analytic model, we propose that the tertiary correlation in the stellar component is sensitive to the extent of the ‘burstiness’ of feedback within galaxies.
Towards 21-cm intensity mapping at z = 2.28 with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator – IV. Wide-band analysis
Authors: Elahi Khandakar Md Asif , Bharadwaj Somnath , Pal Srijita , Ghosh Abhik , Ali Sk Saiyad , Choudhuri Samir , Chakraborty Arnab , Datta Abhirup , Roy Nirupam , Choudhury Madhurima , Dutta Prasun 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a Wide-band tapered gridded estimator (TGE), which incorporates baseline migration and variation of the primary beam pattern for neutral hydrogen ($H\, {\small I}$) 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) with large frequency bandwidth radio-interferometric observations. Here we have analysed $394-494 \, {\rm MHz}$ (z = 1.9–2.6) uGMRT data to estimate the Multifrequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) Cℓ(Δν) from which we have removed the foregrounds using the polynomial fitting (PF) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) methods developed in our earlier work. Using the residual Cℓ(Δν) to estimate the mean-squared 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation Δ2(k), we find that this is consistent with 0 ± 2σ in several k bins. The resulting 2σ upper limit $\Delta ^2(k) \lt (4.68)^2 \, \rm {mK^2}$ at $k=0.219\, \rm {Mpc^{-1}}$ is nearly 15 times tighter than earlier limits obtained from a smaller bandwidth ($24.4 \, {\rm MHz}$) of the same data. The 2σ upper limit $[\Omega _{H\, {\small I}} b_{H\, {\small I}}] \lt 1.01 \times 10^{-2}$ is within an order of magnitude of the value expected from independent estimates of the $H\, {\small I}$ mass density $\Omega _{H\, {\small I}}$ and the $H\, {\small I}$ bias $b_{H\, {\small I}}$. The techniques used here can be applied to other telescopes and frequencies, including $\sim 150 \, {\rm MHz}$ Epoch of Reionization observations.
Integration of a Tobacco Cessation Program into a Rural Community-Based Maternal and Child Health Program in India: A Stakeholders’ Perspective on Task Shifting
Authors: Gupte Himanshu A , D’Costa Marina , Gupta Shilpi , Sonawane Vinayak 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2, India, 7.5% of pregnant women are tobacco users with a high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in rural India. Although pregnant women may receive advice to quit tobacco, lack of knowledge on providing cessation support among healthcare workers results in missed opportunities. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a significant role in maternal and child health (MCH) programs. Thus, task-shifting for providing cessation support by CHWs was planned and the perceptions and attitudes of concerned stakeholders were explored.

Aims and Methods
A pre-implementation qualitative study was conducted in four states of India within existing rural, community-based MCH program settings. Implementation research frameworks were used to develop data collection tools and for inductive and deductive thematic analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders (n = 28) like coordinators, pregnant women, and village functionaries of the government health system. Four focus groups were conducted with female CHWs (n = 24).

Results
Stakeholders intended to adopt the intervention as objectives of the cessation intervention were aligned with the aims of the MCH program. CHWs related to their role in task-shifting and understood the context for implementing the intervention within the MCH program. Pregnant women expressed openness to receiving cessation support from CHWs acting as a facilitator for task-shifting. Barriers anticipated were the additional workload and time required for CHWs to implement the intervention.

Conclusions
Task-shifting to female CHWs for screening tobacco users, providing brief advice and cessation support within the MCH program was perceived to be acceptable, adoptable, and feasible.

Implications
The study builds insight into the process of developing a grounded approach for the integration of tobacco cessation intervention into a rural, community-based antenatal care setting by task shifting to female CHWs for providing cessation support to pregnant women. The study fills gaps in the literature related to establishing tobacco cessation interventions for pregnant women. The delineated efforts in integration of the intervention and task shifting can be replicated in other developing countries, especially in rural communities within South Asian and Southeast Asian regions having cultural practices, community-based healthcare structures, and tobacco consumption patterns that are comparable to India.
HLA-A*23 Is Associated With Lower Odds of Acute Retroviral Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: A Multicenter Sub-Saharan African Study
Authors: Lindquist Lovisa , Kilembe William , Karita Etienne , Price Matt A , Kamali Anatoli , Kaleebu Pontiano , Tang Jianming , Allen Susan , Hunter Eric , Gilmour Jill , Rowland-Jones Sarah L , Sanders Eduard J , Hassan Amin S , Esbjörnsson Joakim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor molecules in mediating acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is unclear. Among 72 sub-Saharan African adults, HLA-A*23 was associated with lower odds of ARS (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10 [95% confidence interval, .01–.48]; P = .009), which warrants further studies to explore its role on HIV-1–specific immunopathogenesis.
The Burden of Invasive Fungal Disease Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy and Strategies for Prevention
Authors: Little Jessica S , Kampouri Eleftheria , Friedman Daniel Z , McCarty Todd , Thompson George R , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P , Vazquez Jose , Baddley John W , Hammond Sarah P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel immunotherapy approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. This therapy leads to a variety of immunologic deficits that could place patients at risk for invasive fungal disease (IFD). Studies assessing IFD in this setting are limited by inconsistent definitions and heterogeneity in prophylaxis use, although the incidence of IFD after CAR T-cell therapy, particularly for lymphoma and myeloma, appears to be low. This review evaluates the incidence of IFD after CAR T-cell therapy, and discusses optimal approaches to prevention, highlighting areas that require further study as well as future applications of cellular therapy that may impact IFD risk. As the use of CAR T-cell therapy continues to expand for hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and most recently to include non-oncologic diseases, understanding the risk for IFD in this uniquely immunosuppressed population is imperative to prevent morbidity and mortality.
A nuclease-dead Cas9-derived tool represses target gene expression
Authors: Wang Bowen , Liu Xiaolin , Li Zhenxiang , Zeng Kang , Guo Jiangyi , Xin Tongxu , Zhang Zhen , Li Jian-Feng , Yang Xueyong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Manipulation of gene expression is central to understanding gene function, engineering cell behavior, and altering biological traits according to production demands. Nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9), a variant of active Cas9, offers a versatile platform for the precise control of genome function without DNA cleavage. Notably, however, an effective and universal dCas9-based transcriptional repression system remains unavailable in plants. The noncanonical histone acetyltransferase TENDRIL-LESS (CsTEN) is responsible for chromatin loosening and histone modification in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). In this study, we engineered a gene regulation tool by fusing TEN and its truncated proteins with dCas9. The full-length dCas9-TEN protein substantially repressed gene expression, with the N-terminal domain identified as the core repression domain. We subsequently validated the specificity and efficacy of this system through both transient infection and genetic transformation in cucumber and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed the ability of the N-terminal domain of TEN to bind to chromatin, which may promote target binding of the dCas9 complex and enhance the transcriptional repression effect. Our tool enriches the arsenal of genetic regulation tools available for precision breeding in crops.
Intergenerational altruism and climate policy preferences
Authors: Agneman Gustav , Henriks Sofia , Bäck Hanna , Renström Emma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Climate mitigation constitutes an intergenerational moral dilemma; the decisions we make today will inevitably shape the prospects for generations to come. Yet, we still know little about the relationship between intergenerational altruism (IGA)—our concerns for the well-being of future generations—and support for costly climate mitigation policies. In this study, we present an approach to measuring IGA through an intergenerational dilemma, where participants allocate resources across generations. First, we describe how IGA depends on the temporal (social) distance between generations and demonstrate robust correlations between IGA and support for several climate policies. Then, we leverage randomized participation in the intergenerational dilemma to show that it causally increases climate policy support, an effect we attribute to higher worries about human-induced climate change among treated subjects. An exploratory heterogeneity analysis suggests that the impact of the intergenerational dilemma is primarily driven by female and nonbinary participants. In sum, this study presents both a novel measurement strategy and robust evidence of a malleable moral basis of climate policy preferences.