bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Origin of Mesozoic A‐type Granitoids, Fujian Province, Southeast China: Insights from Geochronology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Authors: XIE Qifeng , DONG Yunpeng , CAI Yuanfeng , ZHAI Mingguo , XIAO Aifang , ZHANG Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe magma sources, origins and precise forming ages of the miarolite from Qishan and Kuiqi intrusions are still uncertain. New results reveal that, miarolites from the Qishan and Kuiqi intrusions yield crystallization ages of ∼101 and ∼98 Ma, and they have a high formation temperature (∼910°C) and low oxygen fugacity value, indicating crystallization condition at low pressure in the upper crust with temperature of 678°C. The Qishan and Kuiqi miarolites are characterized by enrichment in SiO2 and high‐K alkali, depletion in Ca and Mg, and belong to the high‐K weak peraluminous rock series. The samples are enriched in HFSEs (i.e., Ta, Zr and Hf) and LILEs (i.e., Ba, P and Sr), depleted in Ba and Sr with the negative anomaly of Eu. In the primitive mantle normalized trace element spider diagram, the samples show a right‐inclined ‘seagull‐type’ pattern, combined the ratios of (La/Yb)N, 10000 × Al/Ga, Rb/Nb and Nb/Ta etc., they were proved to be alkaline A‐type granite. Combined the characterize of the trace elements, they were derived from clay‐rich source accompanied pelite melting, and subjected to K‐feldspar crystallization fractional. The values of εHf(t) and tDM2 are distributed in the range of –2.8 to 3.3 with ∼1.2 Ga, and –6.0 to 4.0 with ∼1.2 Ga, revealing that they were generated from the Mesoproterozoic Cathaysia basement rocks. The comprehensive research reveals the Kuiqi and Qishan intrusions derived from crust‐mantle mixing and partial melting of the crust, respectively, resulting from lithospheric extension generated by the Paleo‐Pacific Plate subducted into the European–Asian Plate.
Late Triassic Intracontinental Deformation of South Tianshan, Central Asia: Evidence from Syn‐tectonic Sedimentation and Detrital Zircon Provenances of the Kuqa Depression
Authors: QIN Xiang , CHEN Xuanhua , SHAO Zhaogang , ZHANG Yiping , WANG Yongchao , LI Bing , SU He , WANG Ye , LIU Kui , HAN Lele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Tianshan range, a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia, has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N–S compression after the early Mesozoic, including the far‐field effects of the Cenozoic Indian–Asian collision. However, there are limited reports on the tectonic deformation and initiation of Triassic intracontinental deformation in the Tianshan range. Understanding this structural context is crucial for interpreting the early intracontinental deformation history of the Eurasian continent during the early Mesozoic. Growth strata and syn‐tectonic sediments provide a rich source of information on tectonic activities and have been extensively used in the studies of orogenic belts. Based on detail fieldwork conducted in this study, the middle–late Triassic Kelamayi Formation of the northern Kuqa Depression in the southern Tianshan fold‐thrust belt has been identified as the typical syn‐tectonic growth strata. The youngest detrital zircon component in two lithic sandstone samples from the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata yielded U‐Pb ages of 223.4 ± 3.1 and 215.5 ± 2.9 Ma, respectively, indicating that the maximum depositional age of the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata is 226–220 and 218–212 Ma. The geochronological distribution of detrital samples from the Early–Middle Triassic and Late Triassic revealed abrupt changes, suggesting a new source supply resulting from tectonic activation in the Tianshan range. The coupling relationship between the syn‐tectonic sedimentation of the Kelamayi Formation and the South Tianshan fold‐thrust system provides robust evidence that the Triassic intracontinental deformation of the South Tianshan range began at approximately 226–220 Ma (during the Late Triassic) and ended at approximately 218–212 Ma. These findings provide crucial constraints for understanding the intraplate deformation in the Tianshan range during the Triassic.
How flash mobs can be used for data collection in healthcare? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Gamst‐Jensen Hejdi , Brix Lone Dragnes , Collet Marie Oxenbøll , Nielsen Anne Højager 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraditional research methods often involve a lengthy process, but the emergence of flash mobs as an innovative data collection method offers the potential to gather substantial data within a short time frame. Flash mobs draw inspiration from the concept of large groups organizing through the internet or mobile devices to perform a prearranged action in public. In healthcare research, flash mobs serve as research organizing method to investigate clinically relevant questions on a large scale within a limited period.AimsThis study aims to present a study protocol for a scoping review that comprehensively maps the existing literature on the use of flash mobs as a data collection method in healthcare research.MethodsThe review will follow established guidelines and include steps such as identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, charting the data, and collating and summarizing the results. The review will utilize databases, manual screening of additional sources, and covidence for study selection and data charting. The findings will be summarized using descriptive statistics and a descriptive synthesis of qualitative data. The review protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework.ResultsThe results of this scoping review will provide insights into different flash mob designs, motivations, and the data collection process, contributing to the development of high‐quality flash mob data collections in healthcare research.
Volatility spillovers of cloud stocks: Evidence from China using the dynamic connectedness approach
Authors: Lin Lichao , Cheung Adrian (Wai Kong) , Yan Wan‐Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBased on daily data from 2013 to 2022, this study examines the spillover effects of volatility between cloud stocks and other asset classes (global stocks, treasury bonds, gold and crude oil) using the VAR connectedness approach. The results show that there is a significant spillover effect from global stocks and crude oil markets to the cloud stock market. The spillover effects become stronger whenever there are shocks such as economic crisis, turbulence in the international financial markets, COVID‐19 and global inflation. However, nearly 91% of the variations of cloud stocks come from within, suggesting that the diversification/hedging value of cloud stocks is potentially high.
Estimating causality between smoking and abdominal obesity by Mendelian randomization
Authors: Carrasquilla Germán D. , García‐Ureña Mario , Romero‐Lado María J. , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSmokers tend to have a lower body weight than non‐smokers, but also more abdominal fat. It remains unclear whether or not the relationship between smoking and abdominal obesity is causal. Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have investigated this relationship by relying upon a single genetic variant for smoking heaviness. This approach is sensitive to pleiotropic effects and may produce imprecise causal estimates. We aimed to estimate causality between smoking and abdominal obesity using multiple genetic instruments.DesignMR study using causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE) and latent heritable confounder MR (LHC‐MR) methods that instrument smoking using genome‐wide data, and also two‐sample MR (2SMR) methods.SettingGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics from participants of European ancestry, obtained from the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN), Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium and the UK Biobank.ParticipantsWe used GWAS results for smoking initiation (n = 1 232 091), life‐time smoking (n = 462 690) and smoking heaviness (n = 337 334) as exposure traits, and waist–hip ratio (WHR) and waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC) (n up to 697 734), with and without adjustment for body mass index (adjBMI), as outcome traits.MeasurementsSmoking initiation, life‐time smoking, smoking heaviness, WHR, WC, HC, WHRadjBMI, WCadjBMI and HCadjBMI.FindingsBoth CAUSE and LHC‐MR indicated a positive causal effect of smoking initiation on WHR (0.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10, 0.16 and 0.49 (0.41, 0.57), respectively] and WHRadjBMI (0.07 (0.03, 0.10) and 0.31 (0.26, 0.37). Similarly, they indicated a positive causal effect of life‐time smoking on WHR [0.35 (0.29, 0.41) and 0.44 (0.38, 0.51)] and WHRadjBMI [0.18 (0.13, 0.24) and 0.26 (0.20, 0.31)]. In follow‐up analyses, smoking particularly increased visceral fat. There was no evidence of a mediating role by cortisol or sex hormones.ConclusionsSmoking initiation and higher life‐time smoking may lead to increased abdominal fat distribution. The increase in abdominal fat due to smoking is characterized by an increase in visceral fat. Thus, efforts to prevent and cease smoking can have the added benefit of reducing abdominal fat.
Drug survival of biologics in psoriasis: An Australian multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Ting Samantha , Lowe Patricia , Smith Annika , Fernández‐Peñas Pablo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug survival, which refers to the time from treatment initiation to discontinuation, provides a surrogate measure of the effectiveness of a biologic in a real‐world setting (J Invest Dermatol, 2015, 135, 1). The aim of this study was to determine the drug survival of biologics that are currently available in Australia. We also analysed the treatment efficacy of these biologics and reasons for discontinuation.MethodsRetrospective data from outpatient Dermatology biologic clinics in Westmead Hospital and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (Sydney, Australia) from April 2006 to December 2020 were collected. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate drug survival.ResultsA total of 306 patients who underwent 566 treatment courses were analysed. Guselkumab was observed to have the longest drug survival, with cumulative drug survival rates of 94.2% ± 4.0 at 1‐ and 5‐years. This was followed by ixekizumab which had a 1‐year survival rate of 87.2% ± 4.5 and 5‐year survival rate of 59.4% ± 9.5. Ixekizumab and guselkumab were also noted to have superior treatment efficacy compared with other biologics, with PASI‐75 rates of 94.9% and 93.8%, respectively. The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were a lack of initial efficacy to treatment and a loss of efficacy over time despite an initial response, respectively.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first Australian study to report on outcomes of multiple new biologics that are currently in use for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Overall, this study provides insight into patterns of care from a local experience that may help guide the management of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.
Prevalence and associations of provision of nursing home visits and home visits by early‐career specialist general practitioners
Authors: Turnock Allison , Fielding Alison , Moad Dominica , Blowes Ashley , Tapley Amanda , Davey Andrew , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Bentley Michael , FitzGerald Kristen , Kirby Catherine , Spike Neil , van Driel Mieke L. , Magin Parker 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo establish prevalence and associations of provision of nursing home visits (NHV) and home visits (HV) by early‐career specialist GPs. Of particular interest were associations of rurality with performing NHVs and HVs.MethodsA cross‐sectional study.DesignA questionnaire‐based study.SettingAustralian general practice.ParticipantsEarly‐career specialist GPs, practising in Australia, who attained Fellowship between January 2016 and July 2018, inclusive, having completed GP training in NSW, the ACT, Eastern Victoria or Tasmania.Main Outcome MeasuresCurrent provision of NHV and HV.ResultsNHV were provided by 34% of participants (59% in rural areas) and HV by 41% of participants (60% in rural areas). Remote, rural or regional practice location, as compared to major‐city practice, was strongly associated with performing NHV as an early‐career specialist GP; multivariable OR 5.87 (95% CI: 2.73, 12.6), p < 0.001, and with the provision of HV; multivariable OR 3.64 (95% CI: 1.63, 8.11), p = 0.002. Rurality of GP training (prior to attaining Fellowship) was significantly univariably associated with providing NHV and with providing HV as an early‐career specialist GP. On multivariable analyses, these were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionEarly‐career specialist GPs located in regional/remote areas are more likely than their urban colleagues to provide NHV and HV.
Seizures, focal neurological signs, and pneumococcal aetiology associate with impaired consciousness in childhood bacterial meningitis
Authors: Valtiala Ester , Roine Irmeli , Cruzeiro Manuel Leite , Peltola Heikki , Pelkonen Tuula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimA low Glasgow Coma Scale Score (GCS) on admission is a known predictor of poor outcome from childhood bacterial meningitis. In turn, the factors associated with the admission GCS are less known. Our aim was to identify them, both for clinical alerts of reserved prognosis and to find potential targets for intervention.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data collected prospectively in Angola and in Latin America between 1996 and 2007. Children with bacterial meningitis were examined on hospital admission and their GCS was assessed using the age‐adjusted scale. Associations between on‐admission GCS and host clinical factors were examined.ResultsA total of 1376 patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis were included in the analysis (609 from Latin America and 767 from Angola). The median GCS was 13 for all patients (12 in Angola and 13 in Latin America). In the multivariate analysis, in the areas combined, seizures, focal neurological signs, and pneumococcal aetiology associated with GCS <13, as did treatment delay in Latin America.ConclusionBesides pneumococcal aetiology, we identified characteristics, easily registrable on admission, which are associated with a low GCS in childhood bacterial meningitis. Of these, expanding pneumococcal vaccinations and treatment delays could be modified.
Endurance training increases mitochondrial myoglobin and enhances its interaction with complex IV in rat plantaris muscle
Authors: Koma Rikuhide , Shibaguchi Tsubasa , Yamada Tatsuya , Nonaka Yudai , Jue Thomas , Yamazaki Ayaka , Masuda Kazumi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimEndurance exercise training is known to increase mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. Myoglobin (Mb) is a member of the globin family, which is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. We recently found that Mb localizes inside mitochondria in skeletal muscle and interacts with cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV), a subunit of mitochondrial complex IV, which regulates respiration by augmenting complex IV activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of endurance training on Mb‐COXIV interaction within mitochondria in rat skeletal muscle.MethodsEight‐week‐old male Wistar rats were subjected to 6‐week treadmill running training. Forty‐eight hours after the last training session, the plantaris muscle was removed under anesthesia and used for biochemical analysis.ResultsThe endurance training increased mitochondrial content in the skeletal muscle. It also augmented complex IV‐dependent oxygen consumption and complex IV activity in isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle. Furthermore, endurance training increased Mb expression at the whole muscle level. Importantly, mitochondrial Mb content and Mb‐COXIV binding were increased by endurance training.ConclusionThese findings suggest that an increase in mitochondrial Mb and the concomitant enhancement of Mb interaction with COXIV may contribute to the endurance training‐induced upregulation of mitochondrial respiration by augmenting complex IV activity.
Frailty in clinical drug trials: Frailty assessments, subgroup analyses and outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Tu N. , Ahmad Fahed , Lindley Richard I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith population ageing, drug trials are increasingly turning their attention to including older, frailer people. This review aimed to provide an overview of how frailty was assessed in published studies related to clinical pharmacological trials, and on the interaction of frailty on the efficacy of the treatments. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane for clinical drug trials in older people. A total of 4031 abstracts were screened and 17 relevant studies were included in this review. We summarized the findings of these 17 trials into five main clinical areas: cardiovascular (eight studies), cognition (one study), vaccination (two studies), cancer (four studies) and other (two studies). Frailty was assessed retrospectively in most of the studies. Frailty was treated as an ordinal variable (with different levels of frailty) or binary variable (frail/non‐frail) using cut‐offs in some studies, and as a continuous in some other studies. The effect of frailty on the treatment efficacy was not consistent among the studies. While several trials, such as the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease—Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation trials, the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial and the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly trial, showed some reduced effects of the treatment in frail patients, most of the trials showed that the benefits of the treatment are not affected by frailty. Some trials even showed that the benefits of the treatment were more significant in frailer patients (the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure and the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure trials). The results of this review suggest that routine measurement of frailty in participants in clinical drug trials would improve our knowledge of the effect of treatment in the frail and identify those who have more or least to gain from treatment.
Socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in dental health of 5‐year‐old children in England
Authors: Ganbavale Suruchi G. , Louca Chris , Twigg Liz , Wanyonyi Kristina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries amongst 5‐year‐olds living across small areas within England.MethodsEcological data from the National Dental Epidemiology Programme (NDEP) 2018–2019, comprising information on the percentage of 5‐year‐olds with tooth decay (≥1 teeth that are decayed into dentine, missing due to decay, or filled), and untreated tooth decay (≥1 decayed but untreated teeth), in lower‐tier local authorities (LAs) of England. These were analysed for association with a newly developed Index of Sugar‐Promoting Environments Affecting Child Dental Health (ISPE‐ACDH). The index quantifies sugar‐promoting determinants within a child's environment and provides standardized scores for the index, and its component domains that is, neighbourhood‐, school‐ and family‐environment, with the highest scores representing the highest levels of sugar promotion in lower‐tier LAs (N = 317) of England. Linear regressions, including unadjusted models separately using index and each domain, and models adjusted for domains were built for each dental outcome.ResultsParticipants lived across 272 of 317 lower‐tier LAs measured within the index. The average percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated tooth decay was 22.5 (SD: 8.5) and 19.6 (SD: 8.3), respectively. The mean index score was (0.1 [SD: 1.01]). Mean domain scores were: neighbourhood (0.02 [SD: 1.03]), school (0.1 [SD: 1.0]), and family (0.1 [SD: 0.9]). Unadjusted linear regressions indicated that the LA‐level percentage of children with tooth decay increased by 5.04, 3.71, 4.78 and 5.24 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school and family domains, respectively. An additional model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.37, and by family domain it increased to 6.33. Furthermore, unadjusted models indicated that the LA‐level percentage of children with untreated tooth decay increased by 4.72, 3.42, 4.45 and 4.97 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school, and family domains, respectively. The model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.24 and by family domain rose to 6.47. School‐domain was not significantly associated with either outcome in adjusted models.ConclusionsThis study reveals that socioenvironmental sugar promotion, particularly within neighbourhood‐ and family‐environments, may contribute to geographical inequalities in dental caries in children. Further research involving data on individual‐level dental outcomes and confounders is required.
The role of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Abdelmalek Manal F. , Harrison Stephen A. , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite its considerable and growing burden, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatments for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease or its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Several glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and other agents are in various phases of clinical development for use in MASH; an ideal therapy should reduce liver fat content, improve chronic liver disease, help mitigate metabolic comorbidities and decrease all‐cause mortality. Because of interconnected disease mechanisms, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease/MASH often coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and cardiovascular disease. Various GLP‐1RAs are Food and Drug Administration‐approved for use in T2D, and two, liraglutide and semaglutide, are approved for overweight and obesity. GLP‐1RAs decrease glucose levels and body weight and improve cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, GLP‐1RAs have been reported to reduce liver fat content and liver enzymes, reduce oxidative stress and improve hepatic de novo lipogenesis and the histopathology of MASH. Weight loss may contribute to these effects; however, the exact mechanisms are unknown. Adverse events that are commonly associated with GLP‐1RAs include vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea. There is a lack of evidence from meta‐analyses regarding the increased risk of acute pancreatitis and various forms of cancer with GLP‐1RAs. Large‐scale, phase 3 trials, which will provide definitive data on GLP‐1RAs and other potential therapies in MASH, are ongoing. Given the spectrum of modalities under investigation, it is hoped that these trials will support the identification of pharmacotherapies that provide clinical benefit for patients with MASH.