bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formalin Treatment of Pupae of Copris hispanus L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as a Basis for Release from Quarantine
Authors: STEINBAUER M. J. , WARDHAUGH K. G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of dipping Copris hispanus pupae in reverse osmosis (RO) water, 1% formaldehyde (about 3% formalin), 1% formaldehyde + 1% Tego 51® detergent mixture, and 1% glutaraldehyde (Wavicide®), each for 3 min, followed by serial rinsing in RO water were investigated as a basis for the release of insects from quarantine. of the pupae dipped in water, 70.8% survived to be fully pigmented adult beetles as opposed to 62.5% of those dipped in 1% formaldehyde. All pupae dipped in either 1% glutaraldehyde, or 1% formaldehyde + 1% Tego 51® detergent mixture failed to eclose. Survival of pupae dipped in water or 1% formaldehyde appears to be greater in those pupae dipped after having completed more than about 50% of their development. There was no evidence of delayed mortality associated with dipping in 1% formaldehyde, although time to eclosion was reduced and the frequency of deformed beetles was higher. Severely deformed beetles only survived for a few days after eclosion.
Status and Distribution of Acrodipsas illidgei (Waterhouse and Lyell) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) at Redland Bay, Southeastern Queensland, and a New Plant‐association Record
Authors: BEALE J. P. , ZALUCKI M. P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA study of the spatial distribution of the rare, myrmecophagous Illidge's ant‐blue butterfly, Acrodipsas illidgei (Waterhouse and Lyell) was made in a mangrove habitat and adjacent landward areas at Redland Bay, southeastern Queensland, Australia. A smaller, similar study was made at Mary River Heads, east of Maryborough, Queensland. At Redland Bay a single dead, bored‐out branch (stub) containing the host ant Crematogaster sp. (laeviceps F. Smith group) was taken from each of 100 grey mangrove trees, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae). Live A. illidgei immatures were found in 2% of ant nests at Redland Bay, while a further 3% showed evidence of previous occupancy. of seven trees at Mary River Heads, one contained A. illidgei larvae. the majority of stubs (80%, from four trees) from a landward tree, Allocasuarina glauca (Sieber ex Sprengel) (Casuarinaceae), occupied by the host ant contained immature stages of A. illidgei and another ant‐attended lycaenid, Ogyris amaryllis Hewitson.
Induced Insecticide Tolerance in Larvae of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Following Dietary Phenobarbital Treatment
Authors: KOTZE A. C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTInsecticide tolerance in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, was examined using an enzyme‐induction approach. the effects of dietary phenobarbital administration on detoxification‐enzyme activities and insecticide tolerances were measured using first and second instars. the LC50 of butacarb to blowfly larvae increased 85‐fold following phenobarbital treatment. Tolerance to diazinon and diflubenzuron also increased considerably, with LC50s 12‐ and 8‐fold higher, respectively. Tolerance to deltamethrin only increased slightly (1.4‐fold). the degrees of tolerance towards butacarb and diazinon increased with increasing concentrations of phenobarbital in the larval diet. Phenobarbital‐treated larvae showed significantly enhanced cytochrome P450 levels relative to controls. Aldrin epoxidase, P450 reductase and glutathione transferase activities were enhanced 168‐, 1.7‐ and 2.2‐fold, respectively, in treated larvae. the induced monooxygenase and glutathione transferase systems appear to equip the larvae with the ability to degrade increased amounts of various types of insecticides.
A New Genus, Steata (Coleopetra: Cerambycidae), From Australia
Authors: WANG QIAO 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA New Genus, Steata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), From Australia Steata, a new genus of Cerambycidae (Cerambycinae: Phoracanthini) from Australia, is proposed and described. the type species, Atesta tatei Blackburn, is redescribed.
Comparison of CDC and EVS Light Traps Baited with Carbon Dioxide and Octenol for Trapping Mosquitoes in Brisbane, Queensland (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: RITCHIE SCOTT A. , KLINE DANIEL L. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTStudies were conducted in Brisbane, Australia to test the efficacy of encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) mosquito light traps. Additionally, the relative attractiveness of different combinations of light, carbon dioxide (dry ice) and l‐octen‐3‐ol (octenol) was assessed. the CDC light trap consistently collected more mosquitoes than the comparably baited EVS trap. Octenol, supplemented with dry ice, significantly increased collections of Aedes vigilax, Aedes procax and Culex annulirostris but not Aedes notoscriptus.
Effect of an Artificial Diet on Carmenta mimosa Eichlin and Passoa (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a Biological Control Agent for Mimosa pigra L. in Australia
Authors: SMITH CAREY S. , WILSON COLIN G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA diet was adapted to rear mid to late instar larvae of Carmerila mimosa, a stem‐boring moth imported into Australia as a hiological control agent for giant sensitive plant, Mimosa pigra. The diet enabled synchronous emergence of adult males and females to be manipulated using refrigeration, provided a useful larval transport medium and afforded significant savings in handling time and space utilised. Survival, development, sex ratio and pupal weights of insects reared on artificial diet did not significantly differ from thore of insects reared entirely on potted host plants.
Effect of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin Applications on Non‐Target Invertebrates in a Conservation‐Tillage Crop
Authors: CURTIS J. E. , HORNE P. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe short‐term impact of two commonly used insecticides (chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) on predatory species of invertebrates, including carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae), Labidura truncata Kirby (Dermaptera: Labiduridae) and a pest beetle, Gonocephalum adelaidae Blackburn (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), was assessed in a faba bean crop (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) grown under conservation‐tillage. the project aimed to identify which, if any, of the key beneficial or pest invertebrates that are active on the soil surface were affected by foliar applications of insecticides. the activity of some species, reflected by numbers of pit fall trapped individuals, was affected within 24 h. There was a brief (1‐d) increase, followed by a reduction in the number of G. adelaidae, L. truncata and carabids captured in the cypermethrin sprayed plots when compared to the control and chlorpyrifos treatments. the numbers of carabids captured declined in both insecticide treatments for the remainder of the study period, but neither treatment had any observed effect on G. adelaidae, L. truncata or lycosid spiders.
Tachyphron, a New Genus of Australian Thynninae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)
Authors: BROWN G. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Tachyphron gen.n. is erected for T. subtriangularus, T. triangularus and T. trispinosus spp.n. from the Northern Territory, and T. armidalensis sp.n. from New South Wales.
Host Plant Relationships of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Australia
Authors: WOOL DAVID , HALES DINAH , SUNNUCKS PAUL 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Aphis gossypii Glover is morphologically variable and polyphagous, and is a vector of many plant viruses. We investigated the ability of A. gossypii from different host plants and geographical areas within Australia to colonise a range of host plants in the laboratory. Samples differed in their success rates on particular laboratory hosts, but there was no absolute host specificity. Colonisation was significantly more likely if the previous host was of the same species, but hosts of the same plant family were not equally suitable. the success rate of colonisation increased when aphids were repeatedly transferred to plants of the same species, suggesting that conditioning was occurring. When aphids were placed on “poor” hosts, such as broad bean, or on stressed plants, they gave birth to offspring which developed into very small “yellow dwarf” adults. While some populations showed variant alleles, allozyme electrophoresis did not group aphids from different geographic or host plant sources, nor indicate the presence of sibling species.
Relationships Between Morphology and Feeding Behaviour in the Syntopic Scorpions Urodacus armatus Pocock and Urodacus novaehollandiae Peters (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Authors: QUINLAN T. G. , SMITH G. T. , CALVER M. C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAdults of the syntopic scorpions Urodacus novaehollandiae and U. armatus were separated by factors of 1.59 (males) and 1.67 (females) in the length of the hand and fixed finger, the structures used to grasp the prey, and by 2.00 (males) and 2.77 (females) in the wet weight of muscle dissected from the hand, which bears directly on the strength of the grip. When capturing prey, the larger U. novaehollandiae used its sting on only 37% of occasions, while U. armatus stung 75% of its prey and both species mainly ate prey head‐first. Prey remains retrieved from burrows in the field showed that both species took a similar range of prey taxa, but that U. novaehollandiae took significantly larger prey.
A Technique for Measuring Intraspecific Variation in Oviposition Preference in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: JALLOW M. F. A. , ZALUCKI M. P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTIntra‐population variation in oviposition preference of Helicoverpa armigera was examined using two testing techniques; oviposition choice experiments with free flying females in cages of two sizes, and a novel technique in which tethered insects were brought in contact with the test leaf discs by the experimenter. Though individual females differed in oviposition preference, most ranked maize, sorghum and tobacco highest, followed by cotton. the least preferred plants were cowpea and lucerne. However, a few of the females had quite different preferences both from the majority and between each other. Individual females consistently ranked plants in the same order within a test across days and across tests, regardless of the order in which testing procedures were used. the use of the tethered insect technique in assessing host preference of H. armigera is discussed.
Distribution and Seasonal Movements of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the Southern Limits of its Distribution in New South Wales and their Correlation with Arboviruses Affecting Livestock
Authors: BISHOP A. L. , KIRKLAND P. D. , McKENZIE H. J. , SPOHR L. J. , BARCHIA I. M. , MULLER M. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe distribution and seasonal movements of C. brevitarsis and the viruses it transmits were studied at the southern limits of the distribution of the vector in the seasons 1990 to 1993. Distinct patterns of spread of the vector from the Manning region to the Hunter Valley and down the southern coastal plain were observed each season. All adult stages of C. brevitarsis apparently were involved in these movements. Distributions were compared by averaging data from sites within six zones (starting at 1 with the Manning Region) separated by the month that C. brevitarsis was recorded at a site for the first time. the species was most abundant in autumn and numbers were progressively lower away from the Manning. the number of generations in each zone ranged from seven (zone 1) to zero (zone 6) and was dependent on the month that the species was first recorded in a zone. Average generation time was 4.13 ± 0.71 weeks ranging from 5 weeks (November‐December) to 3 weeks (March‐April). Fewer males than females were recorded, although, within zones, sex ratios were constant. Differences in sex ratios were recorded between the zones. Parous ratios were related to temperature and an increase in parous ratio in summer preceded maximum numbers in autumn. Temperature affected population growth and was suitable for C. brevitarsis activity for varying periods. Wind patterns that were consistent with the observed direction of spread occurred during most of the season. There were no clearly defined effects of rainfall on spread although, once established, numbers increased in autumn following the summer rains. A high incidence of infection of cattle with Akabane and Palyam viruses was recorded in 1990/91 and 1992/93. Initial levels of seroconversions were related to the population size of vectors which ranged from 2 to > 2,000 (as recorded by light traps) in the month prior to infection. the first occurrence of the virus was positively related to the time of first occurrence of the vector with delays in the appearance of the virus of 4 and 3 months in 1990/91 and 1992/93, respectively.
In‐vivo Synergism of Cypermethrin by Piperonyl Butoxide in Bovicola ovis (L.) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)
Authors: LEVOT GARRY W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTMixtures of existing formulations of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and cypermethrin were poorly suited for use as sheep dips. Mixture ratios of up to 10:1 PBO:cypermethrin did not offer a significant advantage over cypermethrin alone. A novel formulation of PBO and cypermethrin (5:1) which contained 49% wetting agent provided a much greater degree of control in small scale field trials using sheep infested with highly pyrethroid‐resistant lice. At 10 weeks after treatment, lice numbers on sheep treated with cypermethrin alone had returned to pretreatment levels, whereas a greater than 80% reduction in lice numbers was recorded on sheep dipped in the PBO:cypermethrin mixture. Although impressive, this improvement in efficacy is not sufficient to make PBO:cypermethrin mixtures a realistic proposition for controlling highly pyrethroid‐resistant sheep lice. At present, when highly resistant strains of lice need to be controlled the most cost‐effective option available to Australian woolgrowers is to dip with an organophosphate product.
The Changa Mole Cricket, Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille), a New World Pest Established in Australia (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Authors: RENTZ D. C. F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe Changa mole cricket, Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille), has been discovered in the Newcastle area, N.S.W. Careful check of government insect conditions revealed that it has been present in Australia since at least 1982. It is suspected that it was introduced through commerce, probably by ship. the cricket naturally occurs in northeastern South America, and Caribbean islands. It is a pest species of considerable note, causing damage to turf, pasture, rice and crops such as capsicum by feeding on seedlings above ground as well as on the roots of the plants. Its burrowing activities are a major problem on golf courses. Details on identification of the Changa, discussion of its potential as a pest and suggested procedures leading to its control and possible eradication are presented.
Temporal Incidence and Sexual Maturation of Austracris guttulosa (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Queensland, Australia
Authors: ELDER R. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTLife history data for the cyrtacanthacrid locust Austracris guttulosa in Queensland were compiled from field observations over the period 1971‐1976. Nymphs were present from November to April inclusive and adults throughout the year, with adults from overlapping generations present in January and February. A. gurtulosa was univoltine, adults remaining sexually immature throughout the dry season (April to October). Sexual maturation was related to the higher temperatures, humidities and day lengths from September/October onwards and resulted in depletion of fat body. Sexually mature adults died out by February.
Interactions between Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Three Larval Parasitoids of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: MURRAY D. A. H. , MONSOUR C. J. , TEAKLE R. E. , RYNNE K. P. , BEAN J. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTInteractions between a Helicoverpa nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and three larval parasitoids of H. armigera were recorded in laboratory studies. the parasitoids Microplitis demolitor, Cotesia kazak and Hyposoter didymator required a time advantage of at least 3 d at 25°C before the host was exposed to NPV to ensure successful completion of development. Helicoverpa larvae parasitised by C. kazak died from NPV after the parasitoids emerged from the host, and thus could provide a source of virus inoculum for secondary spread of the disease. On the other hand, as the interval between parasitisation and host exposure to NPV increased, the proportion of hosts parasitised by M. demolitor which died from NPV after emergence of the parasitoid decreased. It was also shown that as the time interval between host parasitisation by M. demolitor and exposure to virus increased, higher virus doses were required to kill parasitised hosts than were required for nonparasitised hosts of the same age.
Lectotype Designation and Characterisation of the Australian Blowflies Calliphora pubescens Macquart and Calliphora testaceifacies Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: NORRIS K. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTtectotypes are designated forCailiphora pubescensMacquart 1851 andCalliphora testaceifaciesMacquart 1851. Matching populations are identified for both, in eastern mainland Australia and in Tasmania, respectively. Full descriptions and illustrations of the terminalia of the male and female ofC. pubescensand of the male of C.testaceifaciesare given. In an appendix attention is drawn to errors in earlier publications regarding the Australian sojourn of J. P. Verreaw, the collector of Macquart's specimens.
Procedures for Mass Rearing the Buffalo Fly, Haematobia irritans exigua De Meijere (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: STEGEMAN D. A. , TOZER R. S. , SUTHERST R. W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTProcedures are described for mass rearing the buffalo fly, Haematobia irritans exigua. Adult flies are fed on bulls in a controlled environment room. The eggs are laid on the dung which is incubated for 2 d and then reconstituted into 2–3 L pads in a room at 30°C 80% R.H. Average daily production was 3,700 pupae (maximum 17,000) for each bull over a 6–month period, while over 7 years the number of flies on each bull averaged 1,000–2,000 with the introduction of 200 puparia/bull/day.
Snow‐Melt Alpine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in New South Wales
Authors: RUSSELL RICHARD C. , BRUST REINHART A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTSnow‐melt pools at a number of localities in the upper altitudes of the Kosciusko National Park were searched for mosquito larvae during October through December 1994. The only species found in pools above 1,600 m was Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nivalis Edwards. Dry‐ice‐baited light traps were used to sample adult mosquitoes in the same areas but no Aedes species other than Ae. nivalis were collected. Both larvae and adults showed minor morphological variation from published descriptions.
Confirmation of Host Plant of Cave‐Dwelling Cixiid Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) by Histological Sectioning of Fig Roots
Authors: TAYLOR G. S. , WEINSTEIN P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe food sources of cave‐dwelling insects are difficult to document, and those of root‐feeding cixiid nymphs (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) particularly so because of their tendency to jump from their substrates upon the slightest disturbance. By histologically staining the stylet sheath left by Oliarus sp. feeding on Ficus roots, we establish the host association beyond doubt. Histological sections also demonstrate that Oliarus feeds in the cells of the endoderm and within the xylem vessels. The technique we describe can be used to determine host relationships for cave‐dwelling Cixiidae in general, providing an additional angle for the study of the evolutionary history of cave adaptation in this group.
Revision of Australian Glyptotermes Froggatt (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: ELDRIDGE R. H. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe Australian species of Glyptotermes Froggatt are revised and two new species, G. barretti and G. finniganensis, from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, are described. The following new synonymy is proposed: G. eucalypti Froggatt (=G. neotuberculatus (Hill)). The revision was based on a morphometric analysis of all available full series collections of Glyptotermes spp. held in Australian institutions. In addition to the above, the Australian species include G. brevicornis Froggatt, G. iridipennis Froggatt and G. tuberculatus Froggatt. Keys to the alate and soldier castes of the six Australian species now included in Glyptotermes are provided.
A Method for Sampling Lucerne Flea, Sminthurus viridis L. (Collembola: Sminthuridae), in Annual Medic Pastures
Authors: TAVERNER P. D. , HOPKINS D. C. , HENRY K. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA simple sticky‐trap method suitable for estimating the abundance of Srninthurus viridis on annual medic pastures was developed and compared to a standard coring method. The sticky‐trap was developed for sampling in newly established medic pastures when cores cannot be removed intact due to insufficient plant material, particularly on dry or sandy soils. This method provides a quick estimate of S. viridis population density in the field.
Tumidihesma, A New Genus of Australian Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Euryglossinae)
Authors: EXLEY ELIZABETH M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Tumidihesma is erected in the subfamily Euryglossinae. Two new species, T. tridentata and T. flaviceps, are described and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. A key to the species is given.
Toxicological and Oviposition Suppression Responses of Field Populations of the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to the Pyrethroid Cypermethrin
Authors: SALES N. , SHIVAS M. , LEVOT G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTPyrethroid oviposition suppressants are an alternative to cyromazine for the prevention of flystrike on sheep by organophosphate resistant sheep blowflies. Laboratory bioassays were used to determine the relationships between toxicological responses to, and oviposition suppression by, cypermethrin in Australian field populations of L. cuprina, which might indicate pre‐selection for resistance. There was no correlation between the toxicological responses of adult and larval blowflies to cypermethrin in over 100 populations sampled. Toxicological responses of field larvae were substantially different from that of the susceptible strain LS but the oviposition suppression response and adult toxicological response of LS was within the range of field responses. As well, larval responses to cypermethrin were significantly correlated with those to diazinon. This suggests a low‐level cross‐resistance between the two compounds. Although organophosphate resistance is widespread in field populations, and despite 13 years of pyrethroid use on sheep, the low‐level cross‐resistance to cypermethrin has not interfered with susceptibility to oviposition suppression by cypermethrin.