bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,3,4‐Tetrasubstituted Pyrrolidine CCR5 Receptor Antagonists. Discovery of a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Anti‐HIV Agent
Authors: Ma Dawei , Yu Shanghai , Li Ben , Chen Li , Chen Renhai , Yu Kunqian , Zhang Linqi , Chen Zhiwei , Zhong Dafang , Gong Zheng , Wang Renxiao , Jiang Hualiang , Pei Gang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA series of 1,3,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine containing CCR5 receptor antagonists were designed, which were elaborated either by condensation of a lithium salt of 3‐(N,N‐dibenzyl)aminopropionic acid methyl ester with ethyl benzoformate or by Baylis–Hillman reaction of ethyl acrylate with ethyl benzoformate and subsequent 1,4‐addition of benzylamine, in the key steps. These compounds bearing 4‐(N,N‐disubstituted)amino piperidine units showed low nanomolar potency against the CCR5 receptor, whereas molecules with a 4‐phenylpiperidine moiety displayed poor activity. Asymmetric synthesis of the most potent compound 23 a gave rise to the (3R,4S)‐enantiomer 30 and the (3S,4R)‐enantiomer 31, which showed IC50 values of 2.9 and 385.9 nM, respectively. These results indicated that (3R,4S)‐configuration in the series of compounds is favored for their interaction with the CCR5 receptor. The possible binding mode of these antagonists with the CCR5 receptor was discussed using a computer‐modeling method. Compound 30 displayed excellent replication inhibition of seven genetically diverse R5 HIV‐1 strains in the PBMC model, in a concentration‐dependent manner with EC50 values ranging from 0.3 nM to 30 nM. This molecule showed oral bioavailabilities of 41.2 % and 21.6 % in rats and dogs, respectively. Thus, compound 30 is a promising candidate for the treatment of HIV‐1 infection.
In vivo exposure to microcystins induces DNA damage in the haemocytes of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, as measured with the comet assay
Authors: Juhel Guillaume , O'Halloran John , Culloty Sarah C. , O'Riordan Ruth M. , Davenport John , O'Brien Nora M. , James Kevin F. , Furey Ambrose , Allis Orla 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Comet assay was used to investigate the potential of the biotoxin microcystin (MC) to induce DNA damage in the freshwater zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Mussels maintained in the laboratory were fed daily, over a 21‐day period, with one of four strains of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. Three of the strains produced different profiles of MC toxin, while the fourth strain did not produce MCs. The mussels were sampled at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days by withdrawing haemocytes from their adductor muscle. In addition, a positive control was performed by exposing a subsample of the mussels to water containing cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Cell viability, measured with the Fluorescein Diacetate/Ethidium Bromide test, indicated that the MC concentrations, to which the mussels were exposed, were not cytotoxic to the haemocytes. The Comet assay performed on the haemocytes indicated that exposure to CdCl2 produced a dose‐responsive increase in DNA damage, demonstrating that mussel haemocytes were sensitive to DNA‐damaging agents. DNA damage, measured as percentage tail DNA (%tDNA), was observed in mussels exposed to the three toxic Microcystis strains, but not in mussels exposed to the nontoxic strain. Toxin analysis of the cyanobacterial cultures confirmed that the three MC‐producing strains exhibit different toxin profiles, with the two MC variants detected being MC‐LF and MC‐LR. Furthermore, the DNA damage that was observed appeared to be strain‐specific, with high doses of MC‐LF being associated with a higher level of genotoxicity than low concentrations of MC‐LR. High levels of MC‐LF also seemed to induce relatively more persistent DNA damage than small quantities of MC‐LR. This study is the first to demonstrate that in vivo exposure to MC‐producing strains of cyanobacteria induces DNA damage in the haemocytes of zebra mussels and confirms the sublethal toxicity of these toxins. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of micro‐ and macroergonomics considerations on appropriate technology transfer decisions in developing countries: The case of Turkey
Authors: Erensal Yasemin Claire , Albayrak Esra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe research presented in this paper aims to support the decision process of appropriate technology transfer to industrially developing countries by improving a broader understanding of relationships between the key micro‐ and macroergonomics factors and the technology alternatives. The methodology involves knowledge acquisition, identifying and categorizing a holistic set of key criteria about technology transfer with respect to ergonomics. This work attempts briefly to identify factors affecting the success of technology transfer in order to reduce the potential of incompatibilities with respect to micro‐ and macroergonomics and to optimize the decision process of managers. The objective of the decision model, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), determines the global priority weights for different technology alternatives and examines the critical factors and benefits, which affect the appropriateness of technology transfer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 1–19, 2007.
Characterizing viral microRNAs and its application on identifying new microRNAs in viruses
Authors: Pan Xiaoping , Zhang Baohong , Francisco Michael San , Cobb George P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly identified class of non‐protein‐coding small RNAs, which play important roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes at the post‐transcriptional level by directly cleaving targeted mRNAs or inhibiting translation. The lengths of viral miRNA precursors vary from 60 to 119 with an average of 79 nucleotides, which was smaller than observed for plant or animal miRNAs. Viral miRNAs are less conserved than plant and animal miRNAs, suggesting that viral miRNAs may evolve rapidly. Uracil nucleotide was highly dominant in the first position of 5′ mature miRNAs. Viral miRNAs had high minimal folding free energy index (MFEI, 0.9 ± 0.1). Based on these features and the well‐known characteristics of miRNAs, 20 new potential miRNAs were identified in viruses by using expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and genomic sequence survey (GSS) analysis. A better understanding of viral miRNA functions will be useful to design new approaches for treating viruses, especially those viruses that can induce human, animal, and plant diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 10–18, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fas ligand expression in TM4 sertoli cells is enhanced by estradiol “in situ” production
Authors: Catalano Stefania , Rizza Pietro , Gu Guowei , Barone Ines , Giordano Cinzia , Marsico Stefania , Casaburi Ivan , Middea Emilia , Lanzino Marilena , Pellegrino Michele , Andò Sebastiano 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe testis is an immunologically privileged site of the body where Sertoli cells work on to favor local immune tolerance by testicular autoantigens segregation and immunosuppressive factors secretion. Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL) system, expressed prevalently in Sertoli cells, has been considered to be one of the central mechanisms in testis immunological homeostasis. In different cell lines it has been reported that the proapoptotic protein FasL is regulated by 17‐β estradiol (E2). Thus, using as experimental model mouse Sertoli cells TM4, which conserve a large spectrum of functional features present in native Sertoli cells, like aromatase activity, we investigated if estradiol “in situ” production may influence FasL expression. Our results demonstrate that an aromatizable androgen like androst‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (Δ4) enhanced FasL mRNA, protein content and promoter activity in TM4 cells. The treatment with N6,2′‐O‐dibutyryladenosine‐3′‐5′‐cyclic monophosphate [(Bu)2cAMP] (simulating FSH action), that is well known to stimulate aromatase activity in Sertoli cells, amplified Δ4 induced FasL expression. Functional studies of mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the Sp‐1 motif on FasL promoter was required for E2 enhanced FasL expression in TM4 cells. These data let us to recruit FasL among those genes whose expression is up‐regulated by E2 through a direct interaction of ERα with Sp‐1 protein. Finally, evidence that an aromatizable androgen is able to increase FasL expression suggests that E2 production by aromatase activity may contribute to maintain the immunoprivilege status of Sertoli cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 448–456, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Closure for the property of having a hamiltonian prism
Authors: Král Daniel , Stacho Ladislav 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe prove that a graph G of order n has a hamiltonian prism if and only if the graph Cl4n/3–4/3(G) has a hamiltonian prism where Cl4n/3–4/3(G) is the graph obtained from G by sequential adding edges between non‐adjacent vertices whose degree sum is at least 4n/3–4/3. We show that this cannot be improved to less than 4n/3–5. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 54: 209–220, 2007
Practical [14C]‐synthesis of molecules containing an acetic acid moiety: application to [14C]‐labeled DP1 antagonists
Authors: Berthelette Carl , Wang Zhaoyin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEfficient carbon‐14 labeling of four potent and selective DP1 antagonists is reported. The synthetic sequence began with α‐hydroxylation, reduction of an ester, followed by oxidative diol cleavage and aldehyde reduction. The resulting alcohol 4 was converted to a mesylate then nucleophilic substitution with [14C]‐sodium cyanide was performed to yield a nitrile, which upon basic hydrolysis provided the carbon‐14 labeled acid 1. Compound 2 was obtained from the same alcohol intermediate 4 and two diastereomeric compounds 6 and 7 were easily prepared from compound 2. Carbon‐14 synthesis of compounds 1, 2, 6 and 7 were achieved in good yields, high radiochemical purity (>99%) and with high specific activity (45 mCi/mmol). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional intelligence and individual performance: evidence of direct and moderated effects
Authors: Rode Joseph C. , Mooney Christine H. , Arthaud‐Day Marne L. , Near Janet P. , Baldwin Timothy T. , Rubin Robert S. , Bommer William H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe examined the direct and moderated effects of an ability‐based measure of emotional intelligence (MSCEIT© V2.0) on individual performance in a sample of business undergraduates. Controlling for general mental ability and personality, emotional intelligence explained unique incremental variance in performance ratings on only one of two measures of interpersonal effectiveness (public speaking effectiveness). However, the interaction of emotional intelligence with conscientiousness explained unique incremental variance both in public speaking and group behavior effectiveness, as well as academic performance (cumulative GPA). We conclude that the effects of emotional intelligence on performance are more indirect than direct in nature. Individuals must not only have emotional intelligence, but also must be motivated to use it. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assessment of attraction toward affirmative action organizations: investigating the role of individual differences
Authors: Walker H. Jack , Feild Hubert S. , Giles William F. , Bernerth Jeremy B. , Jones‐Farmer L. Allison 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOur study investigated applicant characteristics in response to organizations incorporating an affirmative action policy (AAP) statement in recruitment material. Study participants (N = 217; White upper‐level management students) randomly received recruitment material containing one of three statements (e.g., affirmative action, equal employment opportunity (EEO), or no statement regarding affirmative action or EEO) and were asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the organization publicizing the designated policy. Results indicated that individuals responded negatively to AAPs in recruitment material because of prejudice attitudes, the perceived unfairness of such programs (which we relate to equity sensitivity), or in an attempt to protect their own self‐interest (which we relate to general self‐efficacy). Additionally, individuals' equity sensitivity and general self‐efficacy both moderated the relationship between racial prejudice and organizational attractiveness. Specifically, the negative relationships between participants' prejudice attitudes and the attractiveness of organizations publicizing an affirmative action policy were stronger for benevolents (persons tolerant of situations where they are under‐rewarded) and for persons low in self‐efficacy. Implications of our findings for organizational recruitment practices are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a reverse‐phase liquid chromatographic method for assay and related substances of abacavir sulfate
Authors: Seshachalam U. , Haribabu B. , Chandrasekhar K. B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA simple isocratic liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of abacavir from its related substances and assay for the first time. This method involves the usage of C18 (Intertsil octadecyl silane‐3V, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The method was validated over the range of 0.002–0.1 mg/mL for chloro impurity, 0.005–0.1 mg/mL for amino impurity and pyrimidine impurity, and 0.005–0.2 mg/mL for abacavir. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer and ACN in the ratio of 90 : 10. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min with UV detection monitored at 214 nm. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation. The developed method was validated for linearity, range, precision, accuracy, and specificity. This method can be conveniently used in a quality control laboratory for routine analysis of both related substances and assay.
Determination of phenols in environmental water samples by ionic liquid‐based headspace liquid‐phase microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ye Cunling , Zhou Qingxiang , Wang Xinming , Xiao Junping 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHeadspace liquid‐phase microextraction (HS‐LPME) has been applied to efficient enrichment of phenols such as 2‐nitrophenol, 4‐chlorophenol, 2,4‐dichlorophenol, and 2‐naphthol from water samples based on 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM][PF6]) as an extractant. Some parameters that may influence HS‐LPME were investigated. The linear range was in the range of 0.5–100 μg/L, and the enrichment factors and repeatability (RSD, n = 6) of the proposed method were in the range of 17.2–160.7 and 5.4–8.9%, respectively. The detection limit for each analyte ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 μg/L. Complex matrices of environmental water samples had a small effect on the enrichment, and this problem could be resolved by the addition of sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) into the samples. The spiked recoveries were in the range of 89.4–114.2%. All these facts demonstrated that the proposed method, with merits of low cost, simplicity, and easy operation, would be a competitive alternative procedure for the determination of such compounds at trace level.
On‐site investigations on concrete resistivity – a parameter of durability calculation of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Büteführ M. , Fischer C. , Gehlen C. , Menzel K. , Nürnberger U. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFor determination the electrolytic resistivity of concrete, resistances of realistic designed probes are measured during a one and two year period, respectively. Measurements are made with a commercially available instrument normally used for measuring earth resistances. Comparison to other usually applied methods show not only that the used method GEOHM is qualified for measuring the electrolytic resistance of concrete but also that the magnitude of measured values is realistic. To obtain electrolytic resistivities from these measurements the individual cell constant for the investigated system was derived from experimental research. First results of the in‐situ stored specimens are presented, intended future activities are sketched.
Modelling of reinforcement corrosion – Investigations on the influence of shrinkage and creep on the development of concrete cracking in the early propagation stage of reinforcement corrosion
Authors: Bohner E. , Müller H.S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSince the initiation stage of the damage process due to reinforcement corrosion had been successfully investigated in the recent past, the damage progress in the propagation stage is currently in the focus of research. This work deals with the mechanisms of cracking and spalling due to corrosion of reinforcement and aims for the development of an analytic prediction model of the damage process. On this occasion the influence of shrinkage and creep on the stress condition within the concrete cover is of major importance to the subsequent analysis of the crack formation due to reinforcement corrosion in the early propagation stage.
Charity E‐volution? An evaluation of the attitudes of UK charities towards website adoption and use
Authors: Goatman Anna K. , Lewis Barbara R. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

The objective of the research was to assess attitudes in relation to website adoption and use, across a broad spectrum of UK charities. A survey methodology was adopted for the research, administered using a self‐completion questionnaire. The results reveal that although the majority of responding charities have websites, most appear to be using them to deliver information about the organisation and its mission, rather than acquiring new supporters, raising funds or allowing beneficiaries/clients to interact. However, overall, respondents were positive regarding the use of websites by charities, and most are optimistic about future improvements in their own online performance.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluations of branding alliances between non‐profit and commercial brand partners: the transfer of affect
Authors: Dickinson Sonia , Barker Alison 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

There is growing interest in the trend towards co‐branding alliances between non‐profit and commercial entities,which are undertaken by these organisations to transfer associations and affect between each brand partner. Certainly, it makes sense that commercial entities want to gain more from their brands and that non‐profits want secured funding, however, in the same way that the joining of two brands can be beneficial, it can also bring with it major risks when the brand alliance is not well received and evaluations of the alliance are not favourable.
This research supports the notion that both commercial entities and non‐profit organisations can benefit from a branding alliance, however, an understanding of how these brand alliances are evaluated is important. This research investigates evaluations of brand alliances and the resulting spillover effects for original brand partners that result from brand alliances.
This research provides empirical support relating to reactions to brand alliances between a non‐profit organisation and a commercial business in terms of how original brand attitudes, familiarity of original brands and perceived brand fit impact on evaluations. While collaboration is important and has potential benefits for each partner—they rest on partner selection and fit between alliance partners. Managerial implications and future research directions are also provided.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical benefits of Tai Chi Chuan for individuals with lower‐limb disabilities
Authors: Cheung Siu Yin , Tsai Eva , Fung Lena , Ng Judy 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on an experimental study that examined the effect of a 15‐week Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) exercise programme on the cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, and shoulder range of motion of persons with lower‐limb disability. The experimental group comprised 22 people with lower limb disabilities and a control group of 17 participants. The experimental group was provided with 30 sessions of TCC training while the control group did not receive any intervention. After 30 sessions of TCC, significant improvements in shoulder external rotation and shoulder extension were found among participants of the experimental group. Improvements in cardiovascular and pulmonary functions were not significant. The investigators concluded that a 15‐week TCC programme with mild exercise could be an effective tool for improving shoulder flexibility and muscle strength among sedentary individuals with lower‐limb disabilities. Further research is recommended in examining the long‐term effects of TCC on improving cardiovascular and respiratory functions in individuals with lower‐limb disabilities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operational results of grid‐connected photovoltaic system with different inverter's sizing factors (ISF)
Authors: Macêdo W. N. , Zilles R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper presents operational results of a 11·07 kWp grid‐connected photovoltaic system. This system is made up by eight groups with different relationships between the inverter's rated power and the PV generator's maximum power (P / P) . The obtained results led to the verification that the different studied relationships, P / P between 55 and 102%, do not affect significantly the final yields (YF). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A school practitioner's guide to using daily behavior report cards to monitor student behavior
Authors: Riley‐Tillman T. Chris , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Briesch Amy M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWith the growing popularity of a response to intervention model of service delivery, the role of intervention management is becoming more prominent. Although many aspects of intervention management have received significant attention, one area that warrants further development involves feasible methods for monitoring student behavior in a formative fashion. By formative, we mean behavior that is frequently monitored, such as on a daily basis, with the premise that the information will be used to make appropriate intervention decisions. Within a problem‐solving model of intervention development, implementation, and evaluation, at least one educational professional must be responsible for using an effective tool for monitoring behavior. Yet, identifying and using such a tool can be a challenge in applied settings in which resources are often limited. The purpose of this article is to briefly review available tools for behavior monitoring, with emphasis on reviewing the potential of the Daily Behavior Report Card to serve as a supportive methodology to more established measures of behavior assessment. Examples and guidelines for use of the Daily Behavior Report Card in behavior monitoring are provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 77–89, 2007.