bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The non‐genomic effects on Na+/H+‐exchange 1 by progesterone and 20α‐hydroxyprogesterone in human T cells
Authors: Chien Eileen Jea , Liao Ching‐Fong , Chang Ching‐Pang , Pu Hsiao‐Fung , Lu Li‐Ming , Shie Mei‐Chi , Hsieh Dennis J.‐Y. , Hsu Ming‐Ta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProgesterone is an endogenous immunomodulator and can suppress T‐cell activation during pregnancy. We have previously shown that the non‐genomic effects of progesterone, especially acidification, are exerted via plasma membrane sites and suppress cellular genomic responses to mitogens. This study aimed to show that acidification is due to a non‐genomic inhibition of Na+/H+‐exchange 1 (NHE1) by progesterone and correlate this with immunosuppressive phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced T‐cell proliferation. The presence of amiloride‐sensitive NHE 1 was identified in T cells. The activity of NHE1 was inhibited by progesterone but not by 20α‐hydroxyprogesterone (20α‐OHP). Furthermore, 20α‐OHP was able to compete with progesterone and release the inhibitory effect on the NHE1. The inhibition of NHE1 activity by progesterone‐BSA demonstrated non‐genomic action via plasma membrane sites. Finally, co‐stimulation with PHA and progesterone or amiloride, (5‐(N, N‐dimethyl)‐amiloride, DMA), inhibited PHA‐induced T‐cell proliferation, but this inhibition did not occur with 20α‐OHP and PHA co‐stimulation. However, when DMA was applied 72 h after PHA stimulation, it was able to suppress PHA‐induced T‐cell proliferation. This is the first study to show that progesterone causes a rapid non‐genomic inhibition of plasma membrane NHE1 activity in T cells within minutes which is released by 20α‐OHP. The inhibition of NHE1 leads to immunosuppressive T‐cell proliferation and suggests that progesterone might exert a major rapid non‐genomic suppressive effect on NHE1 activity at the maternal–fetal interface in vivo and that 20α‐OHP may possibly be able to quickly release the suppression when T cells circulated away from the interface. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 544–550, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B determine susceptibility to apoptosis in serum‐deprived hepatocytes
Authors: González‐Rodriguez Águeda , Escribano Óscar , Alba Javier , Rondinone Cristina M. , Benito Manuel , Valverde Ángela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of tyrosine kinase growth factor signaling. To assess the importance of PTP1B in the balance between death and survival in the liver, we have developed immortalized neonatal hepatocyte cell lines lacking (PTP1B−/−) or overexpressing (PTP1B+/+PTP1B) PTP1B. Early activation of caspase‐3 occurred in PTP1B+/+PTP1B hepatocytes but was nearly abolished in PTP1B−/− cells. At the molecular level, PTP1B overexpression/deficiency altered the balance of pro‐(Bim) and anti‐(Bcl‐xL) apoptotic members of the Bcl‐2 family upon serum withdrawal. Likewise, cytosolic cytochrome C increased rapidly in PTP1B+/+PTP1B hepatocytes whereas it was retained in the mitochondria of PTP1B−/− cells. DNA fragmentation and the increase of apoptotic cells induced by serum withdrawal in wild‐type (PTP1B+/+) hepatocytes were absent in PTP1B−/− cells. Conversely, overexpression of PTP1B accelerated DNA laddering and increased the number of apoptotic cells. In serum‐deprived PTP1B+/+PTP1B hepatocytes, a rapid entry of Foxo1 into the nucleus and an earlier activation of caspase‐8 was observed. However, both events were suppressed in PTP1B−/− hepatocytes. Moreover, PTP1B deficiency conferred resistance to apoptosis induced by activation of Fas and constitutively active Foxo1. Rescue of PTP 1B in deficient hepatocytes recovered the phenotype of wild‐type cells whereas reduction of PTP1B by siRNA suppressed apoptosis. Our results reveal a unique role for PTP1B as a mediator of the apoptotic pathways triggered by trophic factors withdrawal in hepatocytes. This novel mechanism may represent an important target in the design of therapeutic strategies for human liver regeneration after pathological damage as well as for treatment of hepatocarcinomas. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 76–88, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergent trafficking pattern of leptin after endocytosis mediated by ObRa–ObRd
Authors: Tu Hong , Pan Weihong , Feucht Laura , Kastin Abba J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cellular effects of leptin are dependent on the receptor subtypes that mediate the signaling and fate of endocytosed leptin inside the cells. In this study, we examined the differences in receptor expression, endocytosis, intracellular degradation, and exocytosis of a trace amount of leptin in cells overexpressing ObRb and short forms of the leptin receptor. The relative contribution of proteasomes and lysosomes in the intracellular fate of leptin was also determined. There were three unusual findings: (1) all receptor subtypes could mediate the binding and endocytosis of leptin, although ObRb was expressed at a lower level than ObRa, ObRc, and ObRd after transient transfection. This indicates that ObRb can be a transporting receptor. (2) Once internalized, the intracellular degradation pattern and exocytosis of leptin were independent of the receptor subtype. (3) Endocytosed leptin could remain intact for at least 1 h. This stability was further enhanced by inhibition of lysosomal activity. Thus, the intracellular pool of intact leptin may allow prolonged biological functions for this adipokine. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 215–222, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of different types of fluid shear stress on endothelial cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Kadohama Takayuki , Nishimura Kengo , Hoshino Yuji , Sasajima Tadahiro , Sumpio Bauer E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe attempted to clarify the effect of different types of shear stress on endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and survival. Bovine aortic ECs were subjected to either steady laminar, 1 Hz pulsatile, or 1 Hz to and fro shear at 14 dyne/cm2. % of BrdU positive EC was 14.3 ± 1.6% in steady, 21.5 ± 3.2% in pulsatile, and 11.4 ± 2.4% in to and fro after 4 h, respectively (P < 0.05). Pulsatile shear compared with static control. Rapamycin reduced BrdU incorporation in all shear regimens (P < 0.001). However, it was still higher in EC exposed to pulsatile shear than the other regimens (P < 0.005). PD98059 completely abolished the increased BrdU incorporation in all shear regimens, including pulsatile shear. Pulsatile shear had significantly elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation at 5 min compared with steady (P < 0.05) and to and fro shear (P < 0.01) while there was no significant difference in pp70S6k phosphorylation between any shear regimen. The ratio of apoptotic cells in serum deprived EC in the presence of steady laminar, pulsatile and to and fro shear for 4 h were 2.7 ± 0.78%, 2.7 ± 0.42%, and 2.9 ± 0.62%, respectively while after the addition of serum for 4 h, it was 4.3 ± 0.73%. All shear regimens phosphorylated AKT in a time‐dependent manner with no significant difference between regimens. Our results demonstrate that different types of shear stress regimens have different effects on EC and may account for the variable response of EC to hemodynamics in the circulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 244–251, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombin‐mediated hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration: Cooperative action via proteinase‐activated receptors 1 and 4
Authors: Kaufmann Roland , Rahn Stephanie , Pollrich Kristin , Hertel Julia , Dittmar Yves , Hommann Merten , Henklein Peter , Biskup Christoph , Westermann Martin , Hollenberg Morley D. , Settmacher Utz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteinase‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR1), a thrombin receptor and the prototype of a newly discovered G‐protein‐coupled receptor subfamily, plays an important role in tumor development and progression. In this study, we documented the expression of the thrombin receptors PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4in permanent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and primary HCC cell cultures. Stimulation of HCC cells with thrombin and the PAR1‐selective activating peptide, TFLLRN‐NH2, increased transmembrane migration across a collagen barrier. This effect was blocked by the PAR1antagonist SCH 79797, confirming that the PAR1thrombin receptor subtype is involved in regulating hepatoma cell migration. In addition, the PAR4‐selective agonist, AYPGKF‐NH2, also stimulated HCC cell migration whilst the PAR4antagonist, trans‐cinnamoyl‐YPGKF‐NH2, attenuated the effect of thrombin on HCC cell migration. PAR1‐ and PAR4‐triggered HCC cell migration was blocked by inhibiting a number of key mediators of signal transduction, including G proteins of the Gi/Gofamily, matrix metalloproteinases, ERK/MAPKinase, cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, Src tyrosine kinase, and the EGF receptor kinase. Our data point to a cooperative PAR1/PAR4signaling network that contributes to thrombin‐mediated tumor cell migration. We suggest that a combined inhibition of coagulation cascade serine proteinases, the two PARs and their complex signaling pathways may provide a new strategy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 699–707, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of the glutamine transporter through transactivation mediated by camp/protein kinase a signals toward exacerbation of vulnerability to oxidative stress in rat neocortical astrocytes
Authors: Ogura Masato , Taniura Hideo , Nakamichi Noritaka , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we have evaluated the possible functionality in astrocytes of the glutamine (Gln) transporter (GlnT) known to predominate in neurons for the neurotransmitter pool of glutamate. Sustained exposure to the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin for 24 h led to a significant increase in mRNA expression of GlnT among different membrane transporters capable of transporting Gln, with an increase in [3H]Gln accumulation sensitive to a system A transporter inhibitor, in cultured rat neocortical astrocytes, but not neurons. Forskolin drastically stimulated GlnT promoter activity in a manner sensitive to a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor in rat astrocytic C6 glioma cells, while deletion mutation analysis revealed that the stimulation was mediated by a cAMP responsive element (CRE)/activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) like site located on GlnT gene promoter. Forskolin drastically stimulated the promoter activity in a fashion sensitive to a PKA inhibitor in C6 glioma cells transfected with a CRE or AP‐1 reporter plasmid, in association with the phosphorylation of CRE binding protein on serine133. Transient overexpression of GlnT significantly exacerbated the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in cultured astrocytes. These results suggest that GlnT expression is upregulated by cAMP/PKA signals for subsequent exacerbation of the vulnerability to oxidative stress in astrocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 375–385, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echocardiographic study of the effects of acute left atrial hypertension on left atrial size
Authors: Chandraratna P. A. N. , Nanda N. C. , Shah P. M. , Hodges M. , Gramiak R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the effects of acute left atrial hypertension on left atrial size. Twenty‐four patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied. The estimated mean left atrial pressure (LAm) was correlated with left atrial (LA) size obtained by echocardiography. The LAm was elevated (>12 mmHg) in 15 patients (Group I). The LA size was within normal limits in all but two patients who had minor increases. The LAm was normal in nine patients (Group II). The LA size was normal in each case. The LA size remained unchanged in those patients who had a stable LAm. We conclude that acute increases in LAm are not usually associated with LA enlargement beyond the upper limit of the normal range.
The ultrasonic characteristics of the renal pelvicalyceal echo complex
Authors: Sanders Roger C. , Conrad Melvyn R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pelvicalyceal echo complex has a characteristic appearance as an echo‐filled cylinder in which minimal sonolucency may normally be seen. Alteration in the pelvicalyceal echo complex is a helpful guide in the diagnosis of a variety of pathological processes involving the kidneys. Reliable diagnosis of moderate and marked hydronephrosis may be made by the appearance of uniformly sized, sonolucent collections in the pelvicalyceal echo complex which show communication with the renal pelvis. An adjacent simple renal cyst produces a sharply defined crescent shaped deformity of the pelvicalyceal echo complex, and scalloping is seen with multiple impinging renal cysts. Gross deformity of the central echo complex is seen with polycystic kidney disease, as well as in neoplasia. Edema and infiltrating hypernephroma may result in diminution of the pelvicalyceal echo complex. Amputation or a “V”‐shaped splitting of the pelvicalyceal echo complex may be seen with neoplasia.
In search of the elusive benign cystic ovarian teratoma: Application of the ultrasound “tip of the iceberg” sign
Authors: Guttman Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe benign cystic ovarian teratoma (dermoid) has distinctive ultrasonic features that differentiate it from other adnexal masses. The most frequent sign is the presence of highly reflective irregular solid components within a fluid‐conentaining adnexal mass. In vitro scans of surgical specimens have shown that the strongly reflective echo pattern is caused by the hair and sebum within the dermoid. Calcium is often sparse or absent. Acoustic shadowing from the hair may totally obscure the back wall of a large, clinically evident mass; hence the term “tip of the iceberg” sign. Recognition of this sign reduces the possibility of a false negative interpretation and confusion with a “bowel gas pattern.”
Determination of renal volume by ultrasound scanning
Authors: Rasmussen Sten Norby , Haase Lene , Kjeldsen Hanne , Hancke Soren 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn patients with renal hypertension, determination of renal volume may be valuable for evaluating possible compensatory hypertrophy, for correlating renal size to renal function, and for evaluating the transplanted kidney in relation to rejection and its response to therapy. We performed parallel transverse ultrasonic scans through each kidney and computed volume based on the cross‐sectional areas outlined on the scans. In 16 autopsy studies a highly significant correlation between calculated and true values were obtained, rs = 0.847, p < 0.001. The 5th and 95th percentiles of the median divergence were −21 and 27 ml respectively. In 30 healthy subjects, double determinations showed 5th and 95th percentiles of the median interobserver variation of −7 and 3 ml respectively. There was no demonstrable difference between volumes of right and left kidneys, and no difference in relation to sex. Total renal volume was most accurate when correlated with the body weight, rs = 0.698, p < 0.001. Normal values of total renal volume per kilogram of body weight were 4.3 to 8.0 ml/kg. In normal subjects, the smallest kidney's volume should not be less than 37% of the total renal volume.
Rare occurrence of a holoacardious acephalic monster: Sonographic and pathologic findings
Authors: Lehr Cynthia , Dire John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonography is gaining increasing importance in the diagnosis of anomalies in utero. Findings such as anencephaly, hydrocephaly, sacrococcygeal teratoma, fetal ascites, and obstructive uropathy have been described. Detection of anomalies such as these are important in the management of the pregnancy and aid in the preparation for the postnatal care or treatment of the fetus. While this article deals with the dramatic findings of a grossly anomalous fetus of a twin pregnancy, the ultimate value of ultrasound is its potential for detecting correctable malformations in a safe, noninvasive, and harmless manner.
Sonographic evaluation of the nonfunctioning kidney
Authors: Behan Michael , Wixson David , Kazam Elias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of B‐mode ultrasound examinations in 113 consecutive patients with unilateral renal nonfunction or severe azotemia were reviewed. The causes of nonfunction included the following: hydronephrosis; renal parenchymal disease; renal agenesis; atrophy or dysplasia; multicystic, medullary cystic, and polycystic kidneys; renal arterial or venous occlusive disease; extensively infiltrating neoplasm. The sonographic findings were consistent with the final diagnosis in 92 percent of the cases. A coronal view of the kidney for diagnosing hydronephrosis is described. This view demonstrates the dilated calyces in continuity with the renal pelvis and, when combined with transverse views, improves the reliability of the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis. In cases where the renal landmarks appear totally normal, obstruction can be excluded as a cause of nonfunction, and retrograde pyelography may be avoided. The sonographic manifestations of other parenchymal abnormalities associated with nonfunction, such as cystic renal disease, glomerulonephritis, and renal transplant rejection, are also discussed.
Sonographic differentiation between the umbilical portion of the left portal vein and intrahepatic bile ducts
Authors: Bandai Yasutsugu , Makuuchi Masatoshi , Watanabe Goro , Ito Toru , Sugiura Mitsuo , Wada Tatsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe method of differentiating between the portal vein and the bile ducts by means of their intrahepatic portions was studied. The left branch of the portal vein courses horizontally as the transverse portion, then veers anteriorly at an acute angle to make the umbilical portion. This characteristic form was demonstrated in all normal controls and 95% of the jaundiced patients studied. The left hepatic duct does not curve anteriorly at an acute angle, but branches off to the lateral segment running superior to the umbilical portion. This anatomic relationship and characteristic form of the umbilical portion were useful in differentiating the portal vein and the bile ducts.
Echographic characteristics of malignant lymph nodes
Authors: Hillman Bruce J. , Haber Kai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe retrospectively reviewed the sonograms of 42 sequential patients for whom there was sonographic evidence of malignant lymphadenopathy. Twenty‐three patients were known to have lymphoma, whereas 19 patients had lymph nodes involved with metastases. Each case was categorized according to the sonographic “texture” of the masses and the extent of sound transmission. Sonolucent masses were observed in 83% of the lymphoma cases and in 53% of patients with soft‐tissue tumors. Nonetheless, a mixture of patterns was observed in nearly one‐third of the cases. In 5 lymphoma patients there were enlarged lymph nodes that had all of the echographic qualities of simple cysts. Aside from this pattern, no correlation could be made between sonographic pattern and histologic diagnosis.
Hypervascularity of the uterine wall during pregnancy: Incidence, sonographic appearance, and obstetric implications
Authors: Hadlock Frank P. , Deter Russell L. , Carpenter Robert , Park Seung K. , Athey Patricia A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors report the incidence (20%) of hypervascularity of the uterine wall (decidual reaction) (1) in 106 pregnant women studied prospectively by ultrasound. An unusual case, which caused problems in diagnosis and management, is reported in detail. The relation between the location and extent of this finding and the location of the placenta is discussed. The authors think that this finding represents dilation of myometrial veins of uncertain etiology, and they conclude that the major implications are that it must be differentiated from pathologic entities that are similar sonographically (1), and that if anterior, it may cause excessive bleeding during invasive procedures.
Ultrasonic appearance of the filled and contracted normal gallbladder
Authors: Marchal G. , Van de Voorde P. , Van Dooren W. , Ponette E. , Baert A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe echographic appearance of the wall of normal well‐filled and contracted gallbladders was studied prospectively in 25 persons. Using gray‐scale equipment, the wall of the filled gallbladder appeared as a single reflecting structure, whereas during contraction, three different components could be distinguished. The exact recognition of this particular pattern is important in the differential diagnosis of real wall thickening and incomplete contraction.
Real‐time identification of blood flow in the placenta and umbilical cord
Authors: Morin François , Winsberg Fred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood flow in the umbilical cord and placenta has been observed with real‐time sonography. In some of the larger “cystic” spaces within the placenta a pattern of pulsatile, whorling, and accelerating flow is seen, suggesting an arteriovenous connection.
Renal transitional cell carcinoma: Sonographic and pathologic correlation
Authors: Subramanyam Ball R. , Raghavendra B. Nagesh , Madamba Mariano R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonography was utilized to assess six patients with renal transitional cell carcinoma and was correlated with gross pathology in five cases. The neoplasms were seen as discrete, solid masses causing separation of the central renal sinus echoes. The echogenicity of the tumors and the renal parenchyma was similar, but the neoplasms were separated from the renal parenchyma by a linear echogenic zone of renal sinus fat. Pelvicaliceal blood clots, when markedly echogenic, could be differentiated from transitional cell carcinomas. Sonography contributed most in evaluating unilateral nonvisualized kidney or in the presence of nonfilling of the affected pelvicalices on excretory urography.
Multiple aortic root echoes: Clinical, radiographic, and angiographic correlations
Authors: Butman Samuel , Schatz Robert E. , Chandraratna Fremindra , Wong Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMultiple diastolic echoes in the aortic root on M‐mode echocardiography may represent fibrosis or calcification of the aortic wall, aortic leaflets, or proximal portions of the coronary arteries. In this study, 83 patients with multiple diastolic echoes were evaluated by cardiac fluoroscopy and the incidence of valvular, coronary, and aortic wall calcification was determined. In patients with multiple diastolic echoes who have no evidence of significant aortic stenosis (aortic valve opening 5 1.0 cm) or aortic insufficiency (fine fluttering of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve), the presence of multiple diastolic echoes was highly associated with significant coronary artery calcification (64%) with over two‐thirds having multivessel involvement. Patients referred for echocardiography who are free of significant aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency by echocardiographic criteria who are found to have multiple diastolic echoes in the aortic root should be evaluated further for the possible presence of significant multivessel coronary artery disease. Indexing Word: Aortic root echoes.
Evaluation of the dating of gestation via the growth adjusted sonographic age method
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Siegle John C. , Levisky John S. , Shearer David M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe compared the actual delivery dates of 248 normal pregnant women to the estimated dates of confinement (EDC) calculated from one biparietal diameter measurement (BPD) between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation and to the EDCs corrected by the growth adjusted sonographic age (GASA) method. The dating of gestation by those two ultrasound methods also was compared to the calculation of the gestational age from the last menstrual period in a subgroup of 61 women with highly reliable clinical data. The GASA method had no advantage over the dating of gestation using one single BPD measurement obtained before 26 weeks, nor over the dating of gestation using reliable menstrual data. Indexing Words: Biparietal diameter · Dating of gestation · Fetal growth.