bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of corticotropin‐releasing factor, urotensin I, and CRF‐binding protein gene expression in the brain of the zebrafish, Danio rerio
Authors: Alderman Sarah L. , Bernier Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOur current understanding of the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) system distribution in the teleost brain is restricted by limited immunohistochemical studies and a lack of complete transcriptional distribution maps. The present study used in situ hybridization to localize and compare CRF, urotensin I (UI), and CRF‐binding protein (CRF‐BP) expression in the brain of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). All three peptides were localized in the preoptic area, periventricular hypothalamic and tectal regions, and dorsal part of the trigeminal motor nucleus. CRF and UI were both expressed in several nuclei of the dorsal telencephalon, whereas CRF and CRF‐BP were both expressed in the ventral nucleus of the ventral telencephalon. Sole expression of CRF and CRF‐BP was apparent in the olfactory bulbs and superior raphe nucleus, respectively, whereas only UI was observed in the corpus mamillare, nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle, dorsal tegmental nucleus, nucleus lateralis valvulae, and nucleus interpeduncularis. A major finding of this study was the general regional overlapping of CRF‐BP with its ligands and a tendency to be expressed in tandem with CRF rather than UI. Overall, the mRNA expression patterns outlined in this study support the stress‐related neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions generally ascribed to the vertebrate CRF system and suggest some unique functional roles for CRF and UI in the teleost brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:783–793, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic dissection of neural circuit anatomy underlying feeding behavior in Drosophila: Distinct classes of hugin‐expressing neurons
Authors: Bader Rüdiger , Colomb Julien , Pankratz Bettina , Schröck Anne , Stocker Reinhard F. , Pankratz Michael J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe hugin gene of Drosophila encodes a neuropeptide with homology to mammalian neuromedin U. The hugin‐expressing neurons are localized exclusively to the subesophageal ganglion of the central nervous system and modulate feeding behavior in response to nutrient signals. These neurons send neurites to the protocerebrum, the ventral nerve cord, the ring gland, and the pharynx and may interact with the gustatory sense organs. In this study, we have investigated the morphology of the hugin neurons at a single‐cell level by using clonal analysis. We show that single cells project to only one of the four major targets. In addition, the neurites of the different hugin cells overlap in a specific brain region lateral to the foramen of the esophagus, which could be a new site of neuropeptide release for feeding regulation. Our study reveals novel complexity in the morphology of individual hugin neurons, which has functional implication for how they coordinate feeding behavior and growth. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:848–856, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phospholipase cβ4 expression reveals the continuity of cerebellar topography through development
Authors: Marzban Hassan , Chung Seunghyuk , Watanabe Masahiko , Hawkes Richard 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMediolateral boundaries divide the mouse cerebellar cortex into four transverse zones, and within each zone the cortex is further subdivided into a symmetrical array of parasagittal stripes. Various expression markers reveal this complexity, and detailed maps have been constructed based on the differential expression of zebrin II/aldolase C in a Purkinje cell subset. Recently, phospholipase (PL) Cβ4 expression in adult mice was shown to be restricted to, and coextensive with, the zebrin II‐immunonegative Purkinje cell subset. The Purkinje cell expression of PLCβ4 during embryogenesis and postnatal development begins just before birth in a subset of Purkinje cells that are clustered to form a reproducible array of parasagittal stripes. Double label and serial section immunocytochemistry revealed that the early PLCβ4‐immunoreactive clusters in the neonate are complementary to those previously identified by neurogranin expression. The PLCβ4 expression pattern can be traced continuously from embryo to adult, revealing the continuity of the topographical map from perinatal to adult cerebella. The only exception, as has been seen for other antigenic markers, is that transient PLCβ4 expression (which subsequently disappears) is seen in some Purkinje cell stripes during the second postnatal week. Furthermore, the data confirm that some adult Purkinje cell stripes are composite in origin, being derived from two or more distinct embryonic clusters. Thus, the zone and stripe topography of the cerebellum is conserved from embryo to adult, confirming that the early‐ and late‐antigenic markers share a common cerebellar topography. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:857–871, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On finite‐difference approximations and entropy conditions for shocks
Authors: Harten A. , Hyman J. M. , Lax P. D. , Keyfitz B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWeak solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws are not uniquely determined by their initial values; an entropy condition is needed to pick out the physically relevant solution. The question arises whether finite‐difference approximations converge to this particular solution. It is shown in this paper that tin the case of a single conservation law, monotone schemes, when convergent, always converge to the physically relevant solution. Numerical examples show that this is not always the case with non‐monotone schemes, such as the Lax‐Wendroff scheme.
Numerical viscosity and the entropy condition
Authors: Majda Andrew , Osher Stanley 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWeak solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws are not uniquely determined by their initial values; an entropy condition is needed to pick out the physically relevant solutions. The question arises whether finite difference approximations converge to this particular solution. It is known that this is not always the case with the standard Lax‐Wendroff (L‐W) difference scheme. In this paper a simple variant of the L‐W scheme is devised which retains its desirable computational features—conservation form, three point scheme, second‐order accuracy on smooth solutions, but which has the additional property that limit solutions satisfy the entropy condition. This variant is constructed by adding a simple nonlinear artificial viscosity to the usual L‐W operator. The nature of the viscosity is deduced by first analyzing a model differential equation derived from the truncation error for the L‐W operator, keeping only terms of order (Δx)2. Furthermore, this viscosity is “switched on” only when sufficiently steep discrete gradients develop in the approximate solution: The full L‐W scheme is then shown to have the desired property provided that the Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy restriction |λf′(u)|≤0.14 is satisfied.
The similarity solution for a bore on a beach
Authors: Barker J. W. , Whitham G. B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA similarity solution is found for the asymptotic behavior of a bore as it approaches the shoreline on a sloping beach. This gives direct confirmation of earlier results on the motion of the bore and adds details of the associated flow field. It also makes explicit the analogy with Guderley's implosion problem in gas dynamics; the solution is constructed closely following Guderley's arguments.
Sturm–liouville eigenvalue problems in which the squares of the eigenfunctions are linearly dependent
Authors: Mahar T. J. , Willner B. E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe consider the eigenvalue problem u″ + λϕ = 0, u(0)=u(1) = 0, where ϕεin C[0, 1] is positive. It is well known that the eigenfunctions corresponding to distinct eigenvalues are linearly independent. It is shown in this paper that the squares of the eigenfunctions may be linearly dependent on nontrivial subintervals of [0,1]. This result has relevance in the variational analysis of eigenvalue problems.
Maximum‐power‐point tracking method of photovoltaic power system using a single transducer
Authors: Noguchi Toshihiko , Matsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a novel strategy of maximum‐power‐point tracking for photovoltaic power generation systems. A unique feature of this method is the capacity to see the maximum power point using only a single transducer, that is, a Hall‐effect CT or an isolation amplifier. Output power of the photovoltaic can be estimated with an average value and ripple amplitude of the detected reactor current or the capacitor voltage. A conventional hill‐climbing method is employed to seek the maximum power point, using the output power estimated with only the current or voltage transducer. In this paper, not only a theoretical aspect of the proposed method is discussed, but also experimental results are presented to prove the feasibility of the method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 79– 86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20275
Ten Years of a Biomimetic Approach to the Copper(II) Radical Site of Galactose Oxidase
Authors: Thomas Fabrice 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn overview of recent progress in the modeling of the copper(II)‐phenoxyl entity of the metalloenzyme Galactose Oxidase (GO) is presented. GO is an enzyme that is extremely engineered by nature: its active site exhibits several unusual features, such as a coordinated tyrosyl radical, post‐translationally modified amino acids, and π‐stacked residues. Understanding each of these particularities has posed a challenge for chemists, who have consequently developed several biomimetic complexes during the last decade. The properties of representative complexes are described herein, with special emphasis given to copper(II) complexes involving tripodal ligands. All these biomimetic compounds have been developed with the aim of better understanding biologically relevant problems. I show here that the structural attributes, reactivity, electronic properties, self‐processing, and many other properties of GO can be addressed successfully using model complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
An application of the patient rule‐induction method for evaluating the contribution of the Apolipoprotein E and Lipoprotein Lipase genes to predicting ischemic heart disease
Authors: Dyson Greg , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Tybjærg‐Hansen Anne , Sing Charles F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDifferent combinations of genetic and environmental risk factors are known to contribute to the complex etiology of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in different subsets of individuals. We employed the Patient Rule‐Induction Method (PRIM) to select the combination of risk factors and risk factor values that identified each of 16 mutually exclusive partitions of individuals having significantly different levels of risk of IHD. PRIM balances two competing objectives: (1) finding partitions where the risk of IHD is high and (2) maximizing the number of IHD cases explained by the partitions. A sequential PRIM analysis was applied to data on the incidence of IHD collected over 8 years for a sample of 5,455 unrelated individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) to assess the added value of variation in two candidate susceptibility genes beyond the traditional, lipid and body mass index risk factors for IHD. An independent sample of 362 unrelated individuals also from the city of Copenhagen was used to test the model obtained for each of the hypothesized partitions. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneity in patterns of sexual risk behaviors among african‐american youth: Associations with general and race‐specific factors
Authors: Burrow Anthony L. , Tubman Jonathan G. , Gil Andrés G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis descriptive study employed a within‐groups analytic approach to examine patterns of sexual risk behavior and co‐occurring general and race/ethnicity‐specific risk and protective factors in a community sample of African‐American youth (n = 436). Cluster analysis was used to classify young adults by levels of self‐reported past year sexual risk behaviors. MANOVA, ANOVA, and chi‐square analyses indicated significant associations between cluster membership and (a) lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, (b) peer substance use behaviors, and (c) self‐reported past year alcohol and marijuana use. Cluster membership was not associated with several race/ethnicity‐specific variables: racial/ethnic orientation, cultural mistrust, and perceived discrimination. The results of the current study can inform the development of HIV/STI prevention strategies for vulnerable African‐American youth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 447–462, 2007.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix: Report of 2 cases
Authors: İpek Ali , Kurt Aydın , Tosun Özgür , Gümüş Mehmet , Yazıcıoğlu Kemal Rıdvan , Aşık Elif , Taş İsmet 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix (FIUVV) is a focal aneurysmal dilatation of the umbilical vein. Its clinical importance has not yet been clearly established, but it has been reported to be associated with increased fetal death rate (in nearly 44% of cases) and chromosomal abnormalities (in 12% of cases). We report 2 cases of FIUVV diagnosed via sonography in the third trimester. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
A multi‐ontology framework to guide agriculture and food towards diet and health
Authors: Lange Matthew C , Lemay Danielle G , German J Bruce 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGlobal increases in metabolic diseases that can be influenced by diet have re‐emphasized the importance of considering how different foods can improve human health. The entire agricultural enterprise has an unprecedented opportunity to increase its value by producing foods that improve the health of consumers. Research efforts in agriculture/food science/nutrition are endeavoring to do so, although little tangible success has been achieved. At the core of the problem is a failure to define the goal itself: health. Health, as a scientifically measurable concept, is poorly defined relative to disease, and yet consensus‐based, curated vocabularies that describe the multiple variations in human health in useful terms are critical to unifying the scientific fields related to agriculture and nutrition. Each of the life‐science disciplines relating to health has developed databases, thesauri, and/or ontologies to capture such knowledge. High‐throughput and ‐omic technologies are expanding both the amount and heterogeneity of available information. Unfortunately, the language used to describe substantially similar (even logically equivalent) concepts is often different between information systems. Increasing the future value of agriculture, therefore, will depend on creating a process for generating common ontologies of the concept of health, and guiding the development of a common language. This paper illustrates a framework for integrating heterogeneous ontologies into interdisciplinary, foods‐for‐health knowledge systems. A common system of language that describes health and is shared by all the life‐science disciplines will provide immediate benefits in terms of increased health‐claim regulatory efficiencies and predictive functions for individualized diets. Ultimately, these vocabularies will guide agriculture to its next goal of producing health‐enhancing foods. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Vying for a Winning Position: Management Style of the Chronically Ill
Authors: Forsyth Garyfallia L. , Delaney Kathleen D. , Gresham Mary L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe process used by hospitalized chronically ill persons to defend themselves against the demands of an unpredictable and progressive disease was explored. Intensive, unstructured interviews, constant comparative analysis, and theoretical sampling were the methods used. Vying for a winning position was conceptualized as an organizing principle to describe how patients framed the challenge their disease presented and the attitudes developed to meet that challenge. The major categories of the conceptualization included (a) how patients defined and explained their illness; (b) attitudes and behaviors developed in response to, and as a result of, the uncertainty of the disease process; and (c) the manner in which hospitalization expressed patient efforts to foster control and keep ahead of the disease.
A Reply to Collins and Fielder: The Concept of Theory
Authors: Beckstrand Jan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to show that Collins and Fielder (1981) misinterpreted Beckstrand's (1978a, 1978b, 1980) thesis, and to criticize their argument against the idea that theory in nursing can be borrowed from the existing body of scientific and ethical knowledge. Collins and Fielder employed a question‐begging definition of theory and distorted Beckstrand's claim in a way that made it easier to attack. In addition, emotional language and appeals to authority were frequently substituted for careful analysis of the issues. I agree that much of the theory needed in nursing cannot be borrowed even though it is likely to be scientific and ethical in form. As a result, I have tried to give some better reasons for believing that theory needed in nursing cannot be borrowed. In addition, many issues concerning the conception of theory in nursing are addressed in this article.
Evaluation of a Presurgical Group Program Given at Two Different Times
Authors: Lévesque Louise , Grenier Raymond , Kérouac Suzanne , Reidy Mary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to test the outcomes of a preoperative teaching program for cholecystectomy patients and to determine the appropriate time to offer the program. The hypotheses were: (a) Patients in a preadmission program will recover better than those in a program given the eve of surgery, and (b) patients in the control group will have a poorer recovery than those in the two experimental groups. The outcomes measured were state‐anxiety, ventilatory function, well‐being, pain, functional ability, analgesics, and length of hospitalization. There were no significant differences between the three groups except in state‐anxiety the eve of surgery which was higher in the control than in the two experimental groups. State‐anxiety the eve of surgery and trait‐anxiety were the most important variables affecting outcomes. There was a positive and significant linear relationship between pre‐ and postoperative state‐anxiety.
Personal Characteristics and Back Injury Among Hospital Nursing Personnel
Authors: Owen Bernice D. , Frazier Damron C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSince back injury is the largest workman's compensation claim in most industries, the relationship between selected personal characteristics and back injury in hospital nursing personnel were studied. The sample included 64 female nursing personnel, half back injured and half not. Demographic: Workers were more likely to be back injured if they were older, worked longer on nursing units requiring frequent lifting, had family members with back problems, and had family members whose back problems began at an early age. Physical: The back injured had less muscle flexibility, less keen proprioception, and greater unequal leg length. Life style: Back injured were more vulnerable to frustration and stress overload (overstimulation), smoked more cigarettes, spent fewer hours exercising, and rated their physical condition lower. The variables with the greatest discriminatory power to predict back injury were a sense of overload, muscle flexibility, proprioception, family history of back problems, difference in leg length, years of risk in nursing practice, and smoking.
Critical care nurses' intent to stay in their positions
Authors: Kosmoski Kerry Ann , Calkin Joy D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to build upon earlier research into the relationships among locus of control, organizational unit structure, job satisfaction, and registered nurses' intentions to remain in their positions. The data were collected by a questionnaire from 214 registered nurses from adult critical care units within 12 hospitals in two Midwestern cities. The best predictor of intent to stay was satisfaction with work activities (R = .43, p $.05). Satisfaction with job remuneration, lower level of nursing education, and less intent to continue work toward a advanced degree or to do work‐related educational activities also contributed to intent to stay on the job (R = .52, p $.05).
Clinical and cost‐saving effects of psychoeducational interventions with surgical patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Devine Elizabeth C. , Cook Thomas D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMeta‐analysis of 102 studies was conducted to examine how psychoeducational interventions influence recovery, pain, psychological well‐being, and satisfaction with care among hospitalized adult surgery patients. Statistically reliable and positive effects were found on each of these four classes of outcome. Further analyses showed that the effects could not be attributed to biases associated with the decision to publish, low internal validity, measurement subjectivity, or a Hawthorne effect. Analyses of the subset of outcomes with most direct cost implications showed that positive, cost‐relevant effects were obtained across a wide range of patients, treatment providers, hospital settings, and historic periods.
The case study: A viable approach to clinical research
Authors: Meier Paula , Pugh Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe case study, although associated with several misconceptions which compromise its effective utilization, is especially appropriate for investigation of clinical nursing problems. A literature review of the application of this reserach approach in other practice‐based disciplines was completed. Results indicate that the case study (a) permits focusing upon the individual in an intensive, longitudinal perspective, and (b) facilitates bridging of the research‐practice gap. Internal and external validity, considered especially problematic in case studies, can be maximized by a variety of techniques.
Response time and health care learning of elderly patients
Authors: Kim Katherine K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if elderly patients perform better in health care learning when provided slower or self‐paced response conditions. The sample consisted of 105 institutionalized elderly people randomly assigned to three response groups: fast‐paced, slow‐paced, and self‐paced. After nutrition instruction, learning performances of each of the three groups were measured. Learning performances under the fast‐ and slow‐paced conditions did not differ; learning performances under the self‐paced condition was superior to the two experimenter‐paced conditions. Findings of this study document that a self‐paced response condition is advantageous for elderly patients.
Expansion exercises: Modifying contracture of the augmented breast
Authors: Riddle Lana B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCapsular contracture, the condition wherein fibrous tissue encapsulates the implanted silastic gel prosthesis used in breast augmentation, remains the most frequent complication in surgical enlargement of the small breast. Since the condition is a natural, woundhealing response to an implanted foreign body, management of the problem must be geared to the modification of this response. Expansion exercises, manual manipulation of the affected breast tissue for controlling capsule formation, was evaluated. Results showed that subjects who did not use expansion exercises had a higher incidence of capsular contracture than the subjects who did.