bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the correlations of the MLCT Vis absorption maxima of 4‐pentacyanoferrate‐ 4′‐arylsubstituted bispyridinium complexes with the Hammett substituent parameters and the solvent polarity parameters E and AN
Authors: Papadakis Raffaello , Tsolomitis Athanase 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this work six new 4‐aryl substituted bispyridinium salts have been synthesized using 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐ bispyridinium chloride as the starting material, which was arenamine exchanged via the Zincke reaction. These aromatic heterocyclic salts were used as ligands, acting as Lewis bases to form a series of 4‐pentacyanoferrate‐4′‐aryl substituted bispyridinium complex salts in high yields. The complex salts were characterized using several spectroscopic techniques including 1H as well as 13C NMR spectroscopy, UV–Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry. These materials present a number of interesting electronic and optical properties. Herein we mainly focused on the electronic absorption of these materials. The visible metal‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (MLCT) band of these materials assigned as dπ(FeII) → π*(L) was proved to be affected by substituent changes (of the benzene ring of the complexes) but mainly by solvent polarity changes. Band shifts of even 4000 cm−1 were induced by small solvent polarity changes (e.g., water to methanol). The Vis absorption spectra were investigated in four protic solvents (water, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and methanol). The substituent effects were then quantified using the Hammett equation which correlates the MLCT absorption wavenumbers with the Hammett constant (σx). Furthermore, two of the most successful solvent polarity parameters (the acceptor number AN and the normalized solvent polarity scale E) were used to quantify the solvent polarity effects on the MLCT absorption wavenumbers. The correlations obtained in all cases proved to be satisfactory. The dominant interaction responsible for the solvent polarity effects proved to be the hydrogen‐bond formation between the cyano groups of the complex salts and the protic solvents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The protective effect of hydroxyl‐substituted Schiff bases on the radical‐induced oxidation of DNA
Authors: Zhao Feng , Liu Zai‐Qun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe protective effects of 18 hydroxyl‐substituted Schiff bases (SchOHs) on the oxidative damage of naked DNA induced by 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) were reported, in which SchOHs were prepared by condensing hydroxyl‐substituted aromatic aldehydes and anilines. The extent of the oxidative damage of DNA was followed by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Some SchOHs bearing only one hydroxyl group (prepared by salicylic aldehyde) protected DNA by decreasing the formation rate of TBARS. Other SchOHs inhibited the oxidation of DNA for a period, resulting in an inhibition period (tinh) that was proportional to the concentration of SchOH,viz.,tinh = (n/Ri)[SchOH]. Thus, thestoichiometric factor(n) can be calculated if the initiation rate (Ri) was known. Thenvalue of an SchOH was closed to the summation of thenfrom every structural feature in this SchOH, indicating that the antioxidant activity of SchOH was contributed from every structural feature in the molecule. Furthermore, the large conjugative system andpara‐hydroxyl at benzilidene were good for the antioxidant activity of SchOHs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nano‐floating gate capacitor with SnO2 quantum dots distributed in polyimide dielectrics
Authors: Lee Dong Uk , Seo Ki Bong , Han Seung Jong , Kim Eun Kyu , Kim Young‐Ho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSelf‐assembled SnO2 quantum dots were fabricated by a chemical process between a BPDA‐PDA polyamic acid and a Sn film. A nano‐floating gate capacitor having metal–insulator–semiconductor structure has been formed on p‐type Si substrate with SnO2 quantum dots and dielectric polymer layer. The size and density of fabricated SnO2 quantum dot were about 15 nm and 2.4 × 1011 cm–2, respectively. The electrical properties of the nano‐floating gate capacitor have been investigated by measuring capacitance–voltage characteristics. Then, the flat‐band voltage shift due to charging of the electron in SnO2 quantum dot was ranged from 1.2 V to 4 V. And the transmission electron microscopy and the optical absorption spectra have been measured to investigate the morphology and absorbance of the SnO2 quantum dots embedded in polyimide. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strain effects, potential profiles, and electronic properties of InAs/GaAs coupled double quantum dots with a disk shape
Authors: Kwon Hye Young , Woo Jun Taek , Lee Dea Uk , Kim Tae Whan , Park Young Ju 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStrain potentials, potential profiles, and electronic subband energies of InAs/GaAs coupled double quantum dots (QDs) were calculated by using a finite‐difference method (FDM) taking into account shape‐based strain effects. The shape of the InAs/GaAs coupled double QDs on the basis of the transmission electron microscopy image was modeled to be a truncated hemi‐ellipsoid. The interband transition energies from the ground electronic subband to the ground heavy‐hole band (E1‐HH1) in the InAs/GaAs coupled double QDs, as determined from the FDM calculations taking into account strain effects, were in qualitatively reasonable agreement with the excitonic peaks corresponding to the (E1‐HH1) interband transition energies at several temperatures, as determined from the temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunneling current through g ‐factor engineered series quantum dots
Authors: Tokura Yasuhiro , Ono Keiji , Tarucha Seigo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe evaluate resonant tunneling current via series quantum dots with different g ‐factors by Bloch equation method. We found that the resonant current is always singly peaked as a function of bias and its peak position depends on the gate voltage. When the rate of spontaneous phonon emission is very small, the shift of the peak positions between single spin transport and both spin transport corresponds to the half of the difference of the Zeeman energy. In contrast, when the phonon assisted tunneling predominates, the peak always appears at one of the resonant tunneling conditions for larger bias. These features are explained by spin blockade effect. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of pine pollen extract on experimental chronic arthritis
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Hee , Choi Eun‐Mi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effects of pine pollen extract (PE) on Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)‐induced arthritis and collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated. The oral administration of PE (100 and 200 mg/kg per day) for 21 days after subcutaneous immunization with FCA, significantly reduced hindpaw swelling and the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) compared with the FCA‐induced arthritis group. Treatment with the PE (100 mg/kg) also decreased the serum levels of LDL‐cholesterol and increased HDL‐cholesterol contents compared with those of the arthritis group. Since CIA is a model of some types of human autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the study examined whether PE is efficacious against CIA in mice and investigated the possible antioxidant potential of PE on CIA. Arthritis in DBA/1J mice was induced by subcutaneous immunization with bovine type II collagen. PE (100 and 200 mg/kg) was orally administered once daily for 49 days after initial immunization with type II collagen. The arthritis score and paw edema were markedly suppressed in the groups treated with PE. Moreover, administration of PE (100 mg/kg) for 49 days reduced the serum levels of rheumatoid factor, anti‐type II collagen antibody, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, protein carbonyl, advanced glycation endproducts, malondialdehyde and LDL‐cholesterol compared with that of CIA mice. These results suggest that the pine pollen might be beneficial in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choledochoduodenostomy is a Safe Alternative to Roux‐en‐Y Choledochojejunostomy for Biliary Reconstruction in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Bennet William , Zimmerman Michael A. , Campsen Jeffrey , Mandell Mercedes Susan , Bak Tom , Wachs Michael , Kam Igal 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIntroductionBile duct reconstruction during liver transplantation is usually performed by a duct‐to‐duct anastomosis or a Roux‐en‐Y choledochojejunostomy (CDJ). Direct anastomosis of the bile duct to the duodenum (choledochoduodenostomy—CDD) is another option for biliary reconstruction. This technique has been used with good outcome for the treatment of choledochal cysts, ampullary stenosis, and major bile duct injuries; however, there is little published experience with CDD in liver transplantation. We provide preliminary evidence that CDD is a safe technique for biliary anastomosis in liver transplant recipients.MethodsFrom September 2000 to August 2007 a total of 619 adult first‐time cadaveric or living donor liver transplants were performed at the University of Colorado Health and Science Center. Bile duct repair was performed by direct end‐to‐end anastomosis in 466 patients and by choledocoenterostomy in the remaining 153 patients, 82 of whom were cadaveric recipients. The cadaveric choledocoenterostomy patients were divided into two groups: CDD in 25 and CDJ in 57 recipients.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the 1‐year patient or graft survival between the cadaveric groups. The 1‐year patient survival was 100% in the CDD group and 97.1% in the CDJ group. The CDD group did not experience more surgical complications compared to the CDJ group.ConclusionsCholedochoduodenostomy is a safe alternative to CDJ biliary anastomosis when a duct‐to‐duct anastomosis cannot be performed. There is no significant difference in mortality, graft survival, or biliary complications. In addition, CDD offers the advantage of postoperative access to the billiary system by endoscopy and avoids complications associated with the CDJ bowel anastomosis.
A Novel Nomenclature to Classify Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Perrier Nancy D. , Edeiken Beth , Nunez Rodolfo , Gayed Isis , Jimenez Camilo , Busaidy Naifa , Potylchansky Elena , Kee Spencer , Vu Thinh 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundA uniform and reliable description of the exact locations of adenomatous parathyroid glands is necessary for accurate communications between surgeons and other specialists. We developed a nomenclature that provides a precise means of communicating the most frequently encountered parathyroid adenoma locations.MethodsThis classification scheme is based on the anatomic detail provided by imaging and can be used in radiology reports, operative records, and pathology reports. It is based on quadrants and anterior‐posterior depth relative to the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the thyroid parenchyma. The system uses the letters A‐G to describe exact gland locations.ResultsA type A parathyroid gland is a gland that originates from a superior pedicle, lateral to the recurrent laryngeal nerve compressed within the capsule of the thyroid parenchyma. A type B gland is a superior gland that has fallen posteriorly into the tracheoesophageal groove and is in the same cross‐sectional plane as the superior portion of the thyroid parenchyma. A type C gland is a gland that has fallen posteriorly into the tracheoesophageal groove and on a cross‐sectional view lies at the level of or below the inferior pole of the thyroid gland. A type D gland lies in the midregion of the posterior surface of the thyroid parenchyma, near the junction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery or middle thyroidal vein; because of this location, dissection is difficult. A type E gland is an inferior gland close to the inferior pole of the thyroid parenchyma, lying in the lateral plane with the thyroid parenchyma and anterior half of the trachea. A type F gland is an inferior gland that has descended (fallen) into the thyrothymic ligament or superior thymus; it may appear to be “ectopic” or within the superior mediastinum. An anterior‐posterior view shows the type F gland to be anterior to the trachea. A type G gland is a rare, truly intrathyroidal parathyroid gland.ConclusionsA reproducible nomenclature can provide a means of consistent communication about parathyroid adenoma location. If uniformly adopted, it has the potential to reliably communicate exact gland location without lengthy descriptions. This system may be beneficial for surgical planning as well as operative and pathology reporting.
Early Serum Procalcitonin, Interleukin‐6, and 24‐Hour Lactate Clearance: Useful Indicators of Septic Infections in Severely Traumatized Patients
Authors: Billeter Adrian , Turina Matthias , Seifert Burkhardt , Mica Ladislav , Stocker Reto , Keel Marius 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundElevated lactate and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were shown to correlate with mortality and multiple organ dysfunction in severely traumatized patients. The purpose of this study was to test whether an association exists between 24‐hour lactate clearance, IL‐6 and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, and the development of infectious complications in trauma patients.MethodsA total of 1757 consecutive trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 16 admitted over a 10‐year period were retrospectively analyzed over a 21‐day period. Exclusion criteria included death within 72 h of admission (24.5%), late admission > 12 h after injury (16%), and age < 16 years (0.5%). Data are stated as the median (range).ResultsAltogether, 1032 trauma patients (76.2% male) with an average age of 38 years, a median ISS of 29 (16–75), and an Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of 14 (0–40) were evaluated. The in‐hospital mortality (>3 days) was 10%. Patients with insufficient 24‐hour lactate clearance had a high rate of overall mortality and infections. Elevated early serum procalcitonin on days 1 to 5 after trauma was strongly associated with the subsequent development of sepsis (p < 0.01) but not with nonseptic infections. The kinetics of IL‐6 were similar to those of PCT but did differentiate between infected and noninfected patients after day 5.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that elevated early procalcitonin and IL‐6 levels and inadequate 24‐hour lactate clearance help identify trauma patients who develop septic and nonseptic infectious complications. Definition of specific cutoff values and early monitoring of these parameters may help direct early surgical and antibiotic therapy and reduce infectious mortality.
Recurrent Left Colonic Diverticulitis Episodes: More Severe Than the Initial Diverticulitis?
Authors: Pittet Olivier , Kotzampassakis Nikos , Schmidt Sabine , Denys Alban , Demartines Nicolas , Calmes Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundUntil recently, it was accepted that the rate of complications and failure of medical therapy were higher during recurrent episodes of diverticulitis. New data and new interpretation of older studies have challenged this opinion. The aim of the present study was to determine whether recurrent diverticulitis in comparison with the initial episode has a different short‐term outcome after medical or surgical treatment.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 271 consecutive patients admitted for diverticulitis confirmed by computed tomography (CT) between 2001 and 2004. Altogether 202 patients had an initial episode (group I), and 69 had recurrent diverticulitis (group R). A total of 20 clinical and 15 radiologic parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups, including need for surgery, clinical presentation at admission, response to treatment, complications, laboratory parameters, and pathologic CT features (colonic wall thickening, abscess, pneumoperitoneum, free intraperitoneal fluid). An unpaired Student’s t‐test and Fisher’s and Wilcoxon’s tests were applied for statistical analysis.ResultsNone of the clinical or radiologic parameters was statistically different between the two groups. Regarding surgery, 15.8% of the group I patients needed surgery at admission compared to 5.8% in group R (p = 0.04). Conservative treatment failure was similar in the two groups (10.7% vs. 10.0%; p = 0.84). There was 3% mortality at 30 days in group I compared to 0% in group R.ConclusionsRecurrent episodes of diverticulitis do not lead to more complications and more conservative treatment failure. Moreover, surgery at admission was less frequent among patients who presented with a recurrence.
Pre‐operative pain and sensory function in groin hernia
Authors: Aasvang Eske K. , Hansen Jeanette B. , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Although persistent postherniotomy occurs in 5–10% of patients, pathogenic mechanisms remain debatable. Since pre‐operative pain has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for persistent postherniotomy pain, pre‐operative alterations in nociceptive function may be a potential pathogenic mechanism.Aims: To investigate the correlation between pre‐operative pain intensity and sensory functions in the groin hernia area.Methods: Patients with unilateral groin hernia were examined preoperatively by quantitative sensory testing (thermal, mechanical, and pressure [detection and pain thresholds]) and assessments were correlated to patients’ reports of intensity and frequency of spontaneous pain in the groin area.Results: Forty‐two patients were examined, whereof one was excluded since no hernia was found intraoperatively. Mechanical pain threshold was inversely correlated with spontaneous pain intensity (rho = −0.413, p = 0.049), indicating a paradoxical association between level of mechanical pain threshold and magnitude of spontaneous pain. No other sensory modality was significantly correlated to pain intensity. New/increased pain during repetitive pinprick stimulation (wind‐up) was seen in 3 patients (7%), all whom experienced no pain or pain less than weekly. Only cool detection thresholds were significantly lower between the hernia vs. contralateral side (p < 0.04), but with numerically very small differences (Δ = 0.4 °C, range 0.1–0.7 °C).Conclusion: Pre‐operative groin hernia pain is not related to findings of hyperalgesia or other changes in sensory function that may support pain‐induced pre‐operative neuroplasticity as a pathogenic mechanism for the development of persistent postherniotomy pain.
Sales and sincerity: The role of relational framing in word‐of‐mouth marketing
Authors: Tuk Mirjam A. , Verlegh Peeter W.J. , Smidts Ale , Wigboldus Daniel H.J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn word‐of‐mouth marketing, marketers often provide financial rewards for referrals. These rewards introduce a financial motive into an interaction among friends or acquaintances, which may harm the perceived sincerity of the referring customer. We show that this negative effect can be mitigated by disclosing the presence of financial motives, but also by the activation of a market pricing (‘sales’) relationship norm. However, such a norm has a negative effect on compliance with the referral. The effects of relationship norms are strongest when cognitive capacity is impaired, which suggests that the influence of relationship norms occurs outside the awareness of consumers. Conversely, the impact of disclosures is stronger when consumers have full cognitive capacity available.
The effects of dietary fibre type on satiety-related hormones and voluntary food intake in dogs
Authors: Bosch Guido , Verbrugghe Adronie , Hesta Myriam , Holst Jens J. , van der Poel Antonius F.B. , Janssens Geert P.J. , Hendriks Wouter H. 
Published: January 2009

Depending on type and inclusion level, dietary fibre may increase and maintain satiety and postpone the onset of hunger. This 7-week study evaluated the effect of fibre fermentability on physiological satiety-related metabolites and voluntary food intake (VFI) in dogs. Sixteen healthy adult dogs were fed a low-fermentable fibre (LFF) diet containing 8·5 % cellulose or a high-fermentable fibre (HFF) diet containing 8·5 % sugarbeet pulp and 2 % inulin. Large intestinal fibre degradation was evaluated by apparent faecal digestibility of nutrients and faecal SCFA and NH3concentrations. Postprandial blood samples were obtained to determine postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, total peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY), total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total ghrelin concentrations. At the end of the study, the dogs were given a single meal of a dry dog food to determine VFI. Dogs fed the HFF diet had a significantly higher large intestinal fibre degradation and production of SCFA compared with the dogs fed the LFF diet. The HFF-fed dogs tended (P = 0·058) to show a lower VFI at the end of the study. No treatment effects were found for postprandial plasma glucose, PYY, GLP-1 and ghrelin responses. The concentrations of these metabolites could not be related to the observed difference in VFI. The inclusion of fermentable fibre in canine diets may contribute to the prevention or mitigation of obesity through its effects on satiety. The underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
Ileal digestibility and endogenous flow of minerals and amino acids: responses to dietary phytic acid in piglets
Authors: Woyengo Tofuko A. , Cowieson Aaron J. , Adeola Olayiwola , Nyachoti Charles M. 
Published: January 2009

Effects of phytic acid (PA) on ileal mineral and amino acid (AA) digestibilities and ileal endogenous AA flow in piglets were investigated. Seven ileal-cannulated weanling pigs were fed a casein–maize starch-based diet with PA (as sodium phytate) at 0, 5, 10 or 20 g/kg in 4 × 4 Latin square design with three added columns to give seven observations per treatment. The basal diet was formulated to meet National Research Council energy and AA requirements for piglets. The respective digestibility and endogenous lysine loss were determined by indicator and homoarginine methods. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Na, K and P was linearly and quadratically reduced (P < 0·05) by increased dietary PA concentration, whereas that of Ca and Mg was only linearly reduced (P < 0·05) by the dietary PA. The AID values for Mg and Na were negative ( − 0·03 and − 0·18, respectively) when PA was supplemented at 20 g/kg. The AID of isoleucine, leucine and valine responded quadratically to dietary PA concentration, though the differences between the AID values of the AA due to change in dietary PA concentration were marginal (at most by 1·8 percentage units). Furthermore, dietary PA did not affect (P>0·05) endogenous AA losses. The results suggest that PA has limited effect on the digestibility and endogenous losses of AA in piglets, but can reduce AID of Mg and Na partly by increasing endogenous losses of these minerals as evidenced by their negative AID values.