bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes of Advanced Practice Nursing Students Regarding Medical Genetics
Authors: Maradiegue Ann , Edwards Quannetta T. , Seibert Diane , Macri Charles , Sitzer Lauren 
Published: October 2005

PurposeTo describe the current medical genetic knowledge and perceptions of graduate advanced practice nursing (advanced practice nurse [APN]/nurse practitioner and nurse anesthetist) students using survey data for future integration of genetic topics, principles, and healthcare issues into curriculum.Data sourcesSurvey data of APNs’ perceived knowledge of genetics and a review of the literature from past research studies of students and current articles from professional journals and organizations. Web sites were those of the National Coalition of Health Professions for Education in Genetics and National Institutes of Health, Human Genome Research Institute; professional organizations; and the authors’ professional, clinical, and educational experiences.ConclusionsMost APN students perceived they had minimum knowledge and prior training regarding medical genetics. There is a need to integrate genetic concepts, principles, and medical conditions into advanced practice nursing curriculum and to provide clinical experiences in genetic conditions across the life span and throughout the health and illness spectrum. APN students have positive attitudes toward integrating genetics into graduate curricula. Potential methods for program integration include readings, small group discussion, standardized patients, and role‐play as measures to increase information.Implications for practiceThe National Coalition for Health Profession Education in Genetics, the American Nursing Association, and the American College of Nursing Education have recommended integration of genetics knowledge and skills into routine health care to provide effective interventions for individuals and families. However, previous research and data from this study have revealed that many nurses have minimal training in genetics. Advanced practice nurses must be knowledgeable on genetic principles, topics, and the ethical, legal, and social implications related to medical genetics to increase the ability to diagnose, prevent, and treat diseases and to provide effective care for individuals and families.
Health Care for the Homeless Assesses the Use of Adapted Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Strehlow Aaron J. , Kline Susan , Zerger Suzanne , Zlotnick Cheryl , Proffitt Brenda 
Published: October 2005

COLUMN EDITOR: Mary Jo GoolsbyThis article describes a process of evaluating and adapting existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for homeless individuals by different healthcare providers in multiple healthcare settings across the country. Data were collected using a standardized evaluation tool in nine sites across the United States. Clinicians completed an evaluation of the CPG after every use. Most clinicians used the CPG five times. Descriptive statistics were reported on the characteristics of the clinicians, and the utility of the guidelines and written comments. Clinicians had an average of 12 years of clinical experience, 8 years of which were specifically spent working with homeless individuals. Ninety‐one percent of the clinicians practiced in urban settings. The majority of clinicians felt the adapted guidelines met evaluation criteria. The major weaknesses reported the delineation of outreach and case management activities. Results did not vary by clinicians’ disciplines, years of experience, or any other indicators. Clients and clinicians providing primary care to homeless individuals may benefit from utilizing Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians’ Network adapted CPGs to assure quality, evidenced‐based care to a vulnerable population.
Barriers to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Modification in Women without Prior History of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Thanavaro Joanne L. 
Published: October 2005

PurposeTo explore the extent to which women perceive barriers to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk modification and to determine if access to a nurse practitioner (NP) decreases perceived barriers to CHD risk modification.Data sourcesSurveys completed by 120 women between the ages of 35 and 60 years, with no known history of CHD. The barriers scale was used to examine women's perceived barriers to CHD risk modification.ConclusionsWomen with access to an NP had less perceived barriers to CHD risk modification.Implications for practiceNPs are ideally suited to decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with CHD through education strategies and attention to individual barriers women face when attempting to incorporate CHD risk factor modification into their lifestyles.
Educational Options for Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Practice
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth M. , Perez Diego F. , McLaughlin Richard 
Published: October 2005

PurposeDuring the Acute Care Interest Group Forum held on June 18, 2005, at the American Academy of Nurse Practitioner's Conference, it was identified that information on educational options for acute care nurse practitioner (ACNP) practice was needed, particularly for NPs who may have had other educational preparation but who were now working in acute care practice settings. As a result, a workgroup was formed to compile information on educational options for ACNP practice, including post‐master's programs.Data sourcesWeb site descriptions of ACNP programs (n= 70) and, as needed, phone calls to ACNP programs to obtain information on program offerings including post‐master's and distance‐learning options.ConclusionsEducational options for ACNP practice include master's and post‐master's programs, along with national certification. A growing number of educational programs offer post‐master's options as well as distance‐learning formats for coursework.Implications for practiceNPs interested in obtaining ACNP education, including those with other NP specialty education who are now working in acute care settings, have a number of choices for pursuing ACNP practice. NPs working in acute care need to ensure that their educational preparation meets the requirements set forth by the scope of standards for ACNP practice and national requirements and state regulations.
The Development Lengths of Laminar Pipe and Channel Flows
Authors: Durst F. , Ray S. , Ünsal B. , Bayoumi O. A. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The authors’ research work into fully developed pulsating and oscillating laminar pipe and channel flows raised questions regarding the development length of the corresponding steady flow. For this development length, i.e., the distance from the entrance of the pipe to the axial position where the flow reaches the parabolic velocity profile of the Hagen-Poiseuille flow, a wide range of contradictory data exists. This is shown through a short review of the existing literature. Superimposed diffusion and convection, together with order of magnitude considerations, suggest that the normalized development length can be expressed as L∕D=C0+C1Re and for Re→0 one obtains C0=0.619, whereas for Re→∞ one obtains C1=0.0567. This relationship is given only once in the literature and it is presumed to be valid for all Reynolds numbers. Numerical studies show that it is only valid for Re→0 and Re→∞. The development length of laminar, plane channel flow was also investigated. The authors obtained similar results to those for the pipe flow: L∕D=C0′+C1′; Re, where C0′=0.631 and C1′=0.044. Finally, correlations are given to express L∕D analytically for the entire Re range for both laminar pipe and channel flows.
Turbulent Mixing of Two Immiscible Fluids
Authors: Lemenand Thierry , Dupont Pascal , Della Valle Dominique , Peerhossaini Hassan 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The emulsification process in a static mixer HEV (high-efficiency vortex) in turbulent flow is investigated. This new type of mixer generates coherent large-scale structures, enhancing momentum transfer in the bulk flow and hence providing favorable conditions for phase dispersion. We present a study of the single-phase flow that details the flow structure, based on LDV measurements, giving access on the scales of turbulence. In addition, we discuss the liquid-liquid dispersion of oil in water obtained at the exit of the mixer/emulsifier. The generation of the dispersion is characterized by the Sauter diameter and described via a size-distribution function. We are interested in a local turbulence analysis, particularly the spatial structure of the turbulence and the turbulence spectra, which give information about the turbulent dissipation rate. Finally, we discuss the emulsifier efficiency and compare the HEV performance with existing devices.
CLASSIFICATION, AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS AND CATEGORICAL STRUCTURE OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL REAL DIVISION ALGEBRAS
Authors: DIETERICH ERNST 
Published: October 2005

The category of all 2-dimensional real division algebras is shown to split into four full subcategories, each of which is given by the natural action of a Coxeter group of type 𝔸1 or 𝔸2 on the set of all pairs of ellipses in ℝ2, which are centred in the origin and have reciprocal axis lengths. Cross-sections for the orbit sets of these group actions are being determined. They yield a classification of all 2-dimensional real division algebras. Moreover all morphisms between the objects in this classifying list are described, and thus an explicit and geometric picture of the category of all 2-dimensional real division algebras is obtained. This elementary and self-contained exposition extends Darpö and Dieterich's recent description [14] of the category of all 2-dimensional commutative real division algebras, which in turn is based on Benkart, Britten and Osborn's investigation [4] of the isotopes of ℂ. It also supplements earlier contributions of Althoen and Kugler [2], Burdujan [9], Gottschling [25], Petersson [33], Hübner and Petersson [29], and Doković and Zhao [23] to the problem of classifying all 2-dimensional real division algebras.
DIXMIER'S PROBLEM 6 FOR SOMEWHAT COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRAS AND DIXMIER'S PROBLEM 3 FOR THE RING OF DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS ON A SMOOTH IRREDUCIBLE AFFINE CURVE
Authors: BAVULA V. V. 
Published: October 2005

In [6], J. Dixmier posed six problems for the Weyl algebra A1 over a field K of characteristic zero. Problems 3, 5,and 6 were solved respectively by Joseph and Stein [7]; the author [1]; and Joseph [7]. Problems 1, 2, and 4 are still open. For an arbitrary algebra A, Dixmier's problem 6 is essentially aquestion: whether an inner derivation of the algebra A of the type ad f(a), a ∈ A, f(t) ∈ K[t], deg t(f(t)) > 1, has a nonzero eigenvalue. We prove that the answer is negative for many classes of algebras (e.g., rings of differential operators [Formula: see text] on smooth irreducible algebraic varieties, all prime factor algebras of the universal enveloping algebra [Formula: see text] of a completely solvable algebraic Lie algebra [Formula: see text]). This gives an affirmative answer (with a short proof) to an analogue of Dixmier's Problem 6 for certain algebras of small Gelfand–Kirillov dimension, e.g. the ring of differential operators [Formula: see text] on a smooth irreducible affine curve X, Usl(2), etc. (see [3] for details). In this paper an affirmative answer is given to an analogue of Dixmier's Problem 3 but for the ring [Formula: see text].
Fixed point theorems for a family of hybrid pairs of mappings in metrically convex spaces
Authors: Imdad M , Khan Ladlay 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present paper establishes some coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a sequence of hybrid-type nonself-mappings defined on a closed subset of a metrically convex metric space. Our results generalize some earlier results due to Khan et al. (2000), Itoh (1977), Khan (1981), Ahmad and Imdad (1992 and 1998), and several others. Some related results are also discussed.
Existence of extremal solutions for quadratic fuzzy equations
Authors: Nieto Juan J , Rodríguez-López Rosana 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSome results on the existence of solution for certain fuzzy equations are revised and extended. In this paper, we establish the existence of a solution for the fuzzy equation "Equation missing", where "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing", and "Equation missing" are positive fuzzy numbers satisfying certain conditions. To this purpose, we use fixed point theory, applying results such as the well-known fixed point theorem of Tarski, presenting some results regarding the existence of extremal solutions to the above equation.
Notes toward a Loos-ian Theory of Religion in Modernity
Authors: Grimshaw Mike 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis work is concerned with developing a theory of religion in modernity using the work of the architect and critic Adolf Loos. It is an inter-textual re-reading of Loos and critical readings of Loos, seeking to posit a developing Loosian theory as a possible new methodology for re-reading the tensions toward religion evidenced in modernity.
Multitemporal Analysis of Degraded Forests in the Southern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Souza Carlos M. , Roberts Dar A. , Monteiro AndréL. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
In this study, statistical multitemporal analysis was applied to evaluate the capability of reflectance, vegetation indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)], normalized difference infrared indices (NDII5 and NDII7), and fraction images, derived from spectral mixture analysis (SMA), to distinguish intact forest from four classes of degraded forests: nonmechanized logging, managed logging, conventional logging, and logged and burned. For this purpose, a robust time series dataset of Landsat Thematic Mapper 5/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM/ETM+) images was used in conjunction with forest inventory transects and data on disturbance history. The study area is located near two important sawmill centers—Sinop and Claúdia, in Mato Grosso State—in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Most of the remote sensing measures tested to distinguish intact forest from degraded forests showed statistically significant changes. Fraction images, particularly green vegetation (GV) and nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), were the most effective means tested for identifying conventional logging and logged and burned forest in the region. The GV change, detected from intact forest to conventional logging and logged and burned forest classes, persists no more than 1 yr, but the NPV change is still significantly different for up to 2 yr. In the second and third years following a degradation event, a significant regeneration change signal was observed in reflectance and fraction images, which can be useful for identifying these types of forest disturbances in areas where optical satellite images cannot be acquired every year.
Surface Boundary Conditions for Mesoscale Regional Climate Models
Authors: Liang Xin-Zhong , Choi Hyun I. , Kunkel Kenneth E. , Dai Yongjiu , Joseph Everette , Wang Julian X. L. , Kumar Praveen 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This paper utilizes the best available quality data from multiple sources to develop consistent surface boundary conditions (SBCs) for mesoscale regional climate model (RCM) applications. The primary SBCs include 1) fields of soil characteristic (bedrock depth, and sand and clay fraction profiles), which for the first time have been consistently introduced to define 3D soil properties; 2) fields of vegetation characteristic fields (land-cover category, and static fractional vegetation cover and varying leaf-plus-stem-area indices) to represent spatial and temporal variations of vegetation with improved data coherence and physical realism; and 3) daily sea surface temperature variations based on the most appropriate data currently available or other value-added alternatives. For each field, multiple data sources are compared to quantify uncertainties for selecting the best one or merged to create a consistent and complete spatial and temporal coverage. The SBCs so developed can be readily incorporated into any RCM suitable for U.S. climate and hydrology modeling studies, while the data processing and validation procedures can be more generally applied to construct SBCs for any specific domain over the globe.
Alcohol reversibly disrupts TNF-α/TACE interactions in the cell membrane
Authors: Song Kejing , Zhao Xue-Jun , Marrero Luis , Oliver Peter , Nelson Steve , Kolls Jay K 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Alcohol abuse has long been known to adversely affect innate and adaptive immune responses and pre-dispose to infections. One cellular mechanism responsible for this effect is alcohol-induced suppression of TNF-α (TNF) by mononuclear phagocytes. We have previously shown that alcohol in part inhibits TNF-α processing by TNF converting enzyme (TACE) in human monocytes. We hypothesized that the chain length of the alcohol is critical for post-transcriptional suppression of TNF secretion.

Methods
Due to the complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TNF in macrophages, to specifically study TNF processing at the cell membrane we performed transient transfections of A549 cells with the TNF cDNA driven by the heterologous CMV promoter. TNF/TACE interactions at the cell surface were assessed using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy.

Results
The single carbon alcohol, methanol suppressed neither TNF secretion nor FRET efficiency between TNF and TACE. However, 2, 3, and 4 carbon alcohols were potent suppressors of TNF processing and FRET efficiency. The effect of ethanol, a 2-carbon alcohol was reversible.

Conclusion
These data show that inhibition of TNF-α processing by acute ethanol is a direct affect of ethanol on the cell membrane and is reversible upon cessation or metabolism.
Patterns of reduced nipple aspirate fluid production and ductal lavage cellularity in women at high risk for breast cancer
Authors: Higgins Susan A , Matloff Ellen T , Rimm David L , Dziura James , Haffty Bruce G , King Bonnie L 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Nipple aspiration is a noninvasive technique for obtaining breast fluids from the duct openings of the nipple for the evaluation of abnormalities associated with breast cancer. Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) can be elicited from 48 to 94% of healthy women, and its production has been linked to an increased relative risk for breast cancer development. NAF production has been used in studies to guide the selection of ducts for ductal lavage, a procedure in which ducts are cannulated and flushed with saline to collect cells. In a previous multicenter trial to evaluate intraductal approaches in women at high-risk for breast cancer, NAF production was observed in 84% of the subjects. However, we observed a significantly lower proportion of fluid-yielding subjects in a similar series of high-risk women. The purpose of the present study was to identify variables associated with this reduction.

Method
Nipple aspiration was performed on 33 high-risk women (defined as having a 5-year Gail model index of more than 1.7, a personal or family history of breast cancer, and/or a BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation) to identify ductal orifices for lavage procedures. Lavage was performed on all fluid-yielding ducts and on nine non-fluid-yielding ducts.

Results
Fluid-yielding ducts were identified in 12 of 33 (36%) of the subjects in the present series, compared with 16 of 19 (84%) of the subjects undergoing identical procedures at our facility during a multicenter trial (P = 0.001). Reduced NAF yields were associated with postmenopausal status (P = 0.02), BRCA germline mutations (P = 0.004), and risk reduction therapies, including bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and/or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs; P = 0.009). All nine (100%) of the ductal lavage specimens collected from non-fluidyielding ducts were acellular, in comparison with 3 of 13 specimens from fluid-yielding ducts (P < .001).

Conclusion
Analysis of high-risk women in the present series revealed patterns of reduced NAF production and ductal lavage cellularity compared with a previous multicenter trial. The present series included more BRCA-positive women, many of whom had undergone BSO and/or were using SERMs. Our data suggest that endocrine mechanisms associated with these risk-reducing therapies may be related to patterns of diminished breast fluid production.
A common missense variant in BRCA2 predisposes to early onset breast cancer
Authors: Górski Bohdan , Narod Steven A , Lubiński Jan 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Mutations in the BRCA2 gene are one of the two major causes of hereditary breast cancer. Protein-truncating mutations of BRCA2 are usually deleterious and increase the risk of breast cancer up to 80% over a lifetime. A few missense mutations in BRCA2 are believed to have a similarly high penetrance, apart from more common neutral polymorphisms. It is often difficult to classify a particular sequence variant as a mutation or a polymorphism. For a deleterious variant, one would expect a greater allele frequency in breast cancer cases than in ethnic-matched controls. In contrast, neutral polymorphic variants should be equally frequent in the two groups.

Methods
We genotyped 3,241 cases of breast cancer diagnosed at under 51 years of age, unselected for family history, from 18 hospitals throughout Poland and 2,791 ethnic-matched controls for a single BRCA2 C5972T variant.

Results
The variant was present in approximately 6% of the Polish population. In the study, 13 women (11 cases and two controls (OR = 4.7; p = 0.02)) were homozygous for the variant allele. The overall odds ratio for breast cancer in women with a single copy of the BRCA2 C5972T variant was 1.1 (p = 0.7); however, the effect was significant for patients diagnosed at or before age 40 (OR = 1.4; p = 0.04). We reviewed the association between the BRCA2 variant in different histologic subgroups and found the effect most pronounced in women who had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with micro-invasion (OR = 2.8; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The BRCA2 C5972T allele is a common variant in Poland that increases the risk of DCIS with micro-invasion. The homozygous state is rare but increases the risk of breast cancer five-fold.
TCE Removal from Porous Media Using an Ozone-saturated Solvent
Authors: Alcántara-Garduño Martha Elena , Okuda Tetsuji , Nishijima Wataru , Okada Mitsumasa 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A new technique for rapid and complete removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) from porous media was developed on the basis of chemical decomposition by ozone added to flushing solvent. The rate of TCE removal by the combination process of ozone with acetic acid flushing was from 1.2 to 2.5 times as high as the flushing process without ozone due to the chemical decomposition of TCE not only dissolved in the solution but also adsorbed on the porous media.
Structural Characterization of Ruthenium–Dioxolene Complexes with RuII–SQ and RuII–Cat Frameworks
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Okamura Rei , Tanaka Koji 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of [RuII(trpy)(ClSQ)(PPh3)]+ (trpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine; ClSQ = 4-chlorobenzosemiquinonate) and [RuII(trpy)(ClCat)(PPh3)] (ClCat = 4-chlorocatecholate) have been characterized by X-ray diffractometry, UV–vis spectroscopy, ESR, and electrochemistry.
Application of Mixed Polymer Langmuir–Blodgett Films with Poly(3-hexylthiophene) to a Hole-injection Layer for Organic EL Devices
Authors: Aoki Atsushi , Maeda Shin-nosuke , Kawai Yasuyuki , Tanaka Toshiki , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Performance of the mixed poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PHT) Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films on hole-injection for organic electroluminescent (EL) devices was investigated. Onset voltage of EL devices using PHT LB films decreased with increasing number of layers because of reduction of energy barrier of hole injection from indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anode to PHT films. Current efficiency was improved at the monolayer PHT LB film EL devices.