bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of botulinum‐A toxin bladder injections for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis patients: An objective and subjective analysis
Authors: Schulte‐Baukloh H. , Schobert J. , Stolze T. , Stürzebecher B. , Weiß C. , Knispel H.H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAimsWe studied the use of botulinum‐a toxin (BTX‐A) injections into the bladder as an alternative approach in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to multiple sclerosis (MS) with drug‐refractory overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.MethodsSixteen MS patients—11 women, 5 men; mean age 48.6 years—with refractory OAB symptoms were included in a one‐center prospective study. For outcome analysis, we used a bladder diary, a complete urodynamic study, and validated questionnaires for subjective assessment. We injected 300 U of BTX‐A (Botox®) into the bladder and into the external sphincter muscle to reduce the probability of posttreatment urine retention.ResultsThere was an increase in residual volume from 81.3 ± 23.8 to 126.3 ± 32.9 ml after 4 weeks. In one woman, transient self‐catheterization was unavoidable. Four weeks and 3 and 6 months after BTX‐A injection, the significant results were as follows: daytime frequency was reduced by 29%, 44%, and 30%, respectively. Nocturia diminished by 33%, 72%, and 40%. Use of pads was be reduced by 38% after 4 weeks and by 64% after 3 months. Urodynamically, reflex volume and maximal cystometric bladder capacity increased by 73%, 77%, and 58% (at 6 months, the increase was not significant) and by 36%, 27%, and 36% (not significant). Maximal detrusor pressure decreased by 35%, 22%, and 57%. Subjective outcome indicated significant improvement of symptoms at 4 weeks and 3 months, but not at 6 months. Patient satisfaction with the therapy was very high.ConclusionsBTX‐A detrusor injections are very effective in the treatment of drug‐resistant OAB symptoms in MS patients as reflected in urodynamic measurements and in patient satisfaction. Build up of residual urine remains a problem of which patients must be informed. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton MRS of early post‐natal mouse brain modifications in vivo
Authors: Larvaron Pierre , Bielicki Guy , Boespflug‐Tanguy Odile , Renou Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNMR provides a non‐invasive tool for the phenotypic characterisation of mouse models. The aim of the present study was to apply reliable in vivo MRS techniques for non‐invasive investigations of brain development in normal and transgenic mice, by monitoring metabolite concentrations in different brain regions. The conditions of anaesthesia, immobilisation and respiratory monitoring were optimized to carry out in vivo MRS studies in young mice. All the experiments were performed in normal mice, at 9.4 T, applying a point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence (TR = 2000 ms; TE = 130 ms). We obtained reproducible in vivo 1H NMR spectra of wild‐type mouse brains as early as post‐natal day 5, which allowed us to follow brain maturation variations from post‐natal days 5 to 21. The survival rate of animals was between 66 and 90% at post‐natal days 5 and 21, respectively. Developmental changes of metabolite concentrations were measured in three brain regions: the thalamus, a region rich in cell bodies, the olfactory bulb, rich in fibre tracts actively myelinated during brain maturation, and the cerebellum. The voxel size varied from 2 to 8 µL according to the size of the brain structure analysed. The absolute concentrations of the total creatine, taurine, total choline, N‐acetylaspartate and of the glutamate/glutamine pool were determined from 1H NMR spectra obtained in the different brain regions at post‐natal day 5, 10, 15 and 21. Variations observed during brain development were in accordance with those previously reported in mice using ex vivo MRS studies, and also in rats and humans in vivo. Possibilities of longitudinal MRS analysis in maturing mice brains provide new perspectives to characterise better the tremendous number of transgenic mutant mice generated with the aim of decrypting the complexity of brain development and neurodegenerative diseases but also to follow the impact of environmental and therapeutic factors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On algebraic multigrid methods derived from partition of unity nodal prolongators
Authors: Boonen Tim , Deliége Geoffrey , Vandewalle Stefan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper is concerned with algebraic multigrid for finite element discretizations of the divgrad, curlcurl and graddiv equations on tetrahedral meshes with piecewise linear shape functions. First, an edge, face and volume prolongator are derived from an arbitrary partition of unity nodal prolongator for a tetrahedral fine mesh, using the formulas for edge, face and volume elements. This procedure can be repeated recursively. The implied coarse topology and the normalization of the prolongators are analysed. It is proved that the range spaces of the nodal prolongator and of the derived edge, face and volume prolongators form a discrete de Rham complex if these prolongators have full rank. It is shown that on simplicial meshes, the constructed edge prolongator is a generalization of the Reitzinger–Schöberl prolongator. The derived edge and face prolongators are applied in an algebraic multigrid method for the curlcurl and graddiv equations, and numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cache‐oblivious self‐adaptive full multigrid method
Authors: Mehl M. , Weinzierl T. , Zenger Chr. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a new efficient way to implement multigrid algorithms on adaptively refined grids. To cope with todays demands in high‐performance computing, we cannot do without such highly sophisticated numerical methods. But if we do not implement them very carefully, we lose a lot of efficiency in terms of memory usage: using trees for the storage of hierarchical multilevel data causes a large amount of non‐local (in terms of the physical memory space) data accesses, and often requires the storage of pointers to neighbours to allow the evaluation of discrete operators (difference stencils, restrictions, interpolations, etc.). The importance of this problem becomes clear if we remember that storage and not the CPUs is the bottleneck on modern computers.We established a cache‐oblivious and storage‐minimizing algorithm based on the concept of space‐tree grids combined with a cell‐oriented operator evaluation, a linear ordering of grid cells along a space‐filling curve, and a sophisticated construction of linearly processed data structures for vertex data. In this context, we could show that the implementation of a dynamically adaptiveF‐cycle is, first, very natural and, second, does not cause any overhead in terms of storage usage and access as adaptivity and multilevel data do not disturb the linear processing order of our data structures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of polyelectrolytes on the inhibition and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystallization
Authors: Akyol Emel , Bozkurt Ayhan , Öner Mualla 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe influence of polyelectrolytes with different architecture on spontaneous batch crystallization of calcium oxalate was investigated. A series of acidic acrylate block copolymers were been made, by radical polymerization, with defined molecular weight and structure. Radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) was carried out in the presence of α‐thiopolyethylene glycol monomethylether as a chain transfer agent to produce poly(ethylene glycolblockacrylic acid) copolymers. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block length in the copolymers was controlled by using three different molecular weight chain transfer agents (Mn = 350, 750 and 2000 g/mol). The presence of copolymers inhibited the crystal growth of calcium oxalate possibly through adsorption onto the active growth sites for crystal growth due to the charge and hydrophilic effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A second leiomyosarcoma in the urinary bladder of a child with a history of retinoblastoma 12 years following partial cystectomy
Authors: Brucker Benjamin , Ernst Linda , Meadows Anna , Zderic Stephen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis case describes a twin with bilateral retinoblastoma who developed leiomyosarcoma of the bladder at age 17 and again at 39. At 17‐years of age she was diagnosed with a leiomyosarcoma of the bladder after presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, and dysuria. She was treated with partial cystectomy. After a 12‐year disease‐free interval, she was diagnosed with a second leiomyosarcoma of the bladder. This case supports the relationship between the genetic form of retinoblastoma and leiomyosarcoma and illustrates the necessity for extensive follow‐up and well‐defined treatment of secondary neoplasms. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis in human breast cancer: Identification of a characteristic protein expression profile of malignant breast epithelium
Authors: Hudelist Gernot , Singer Christian F. , Pischinger Kerstin I. D. , Kaserer Klaus , Manavi Mahmood , Kubista Ernst , Czerwenka Klaus F. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractGene expression analysis has become a promising tool in predicting the clinical course of malignant disease and the response to antineoplastic therapy. Surprisingly, only little is known about the protein expression pattern of human tumors. Recent advances in proteomic analysis allow proteins of interest to be identified by their expression and/or modification pattern in 2‐DE rather than using the traditional approach of translating gene expression data. To identify a proteomic pattern that is characteristic for malignant breast epithelium, we performed differential 2‐DE analysis in sets of microdissected malignant breast epithelia and corresponding adjacent normal breast epithelia from five patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Thirty‐two protein spots were found to be selectively regulated in malignant epithelium, and were subjected to MALDI‐TOF and/or immunoblotting for protein identification. Thirteen of the identified proteins had previously not been associated with breast cancer. The validity of these findings was confirmed by literature review and immunohistochemistry for identified proteins in an independent cohort of 50 breast cancer specimens. We here describe, for the first time, a proteomic analysis of matched normal and malignant epithelia from invasive breast carcinomas. This strategy leads to a better understanding of oncogenesis at an operational level and helps to characterize the malignant phenotype of individual tumors, and thereby to identify novel targets for antineoplastic therapy.
Identification of novel phosphoproteins in signaling pathways triggered by latent membrane protein 1 using functional proteomics technology
Authors: Yan Guangrong , Li Lili , Tao Yongguang , Liu Sufang , Liu Yiping , Luo Wei , Wu Yong , Tang Min , Dong Zigang , Cao Ya 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded latent membrane protein1 (LMP1) could activate nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein‐1, and Janus kinases/signal transducer and activation of transcription factors pathways. However, many signaling molecules and downstream target proteins triggered by LMP1 have not been identified. To determine the functional components in signaling pathways triggered by LMP1, we combined the novel strategy of phosphoprotein enrichment with proteomics technology to elucidate the signaling cascade activated by LMP1. We found that LMP1 could increase the quantity of total phosphoproteins by 18.03%, and 43 proteins showed significant changes in the degree of phosphorylation when LMP1 was expressed. Twenty‐five signaling molecules or downstream targets of signaling pathways triggered by LMP1 were identified, several of which had previously been implicated in LMP1 signal pathways. The other proteins, including annexin A2, heat shock protein 27, stathmin, annexin I, basic transcription factor 3, and porin, were novel signaling molecules or targets with no previously known function in LMP1 signal transduction. The method used here has proven to be suitable for the identification of molecules involved in various signaling pathways.
Proteomic characterization of the effects of clofibrate on protein expression in rat liver
Authors: Léonard Jean‐François , Courcol Martine , Mariet Claire , Charbonnier Aurore , Boitier Eric , Duchesne Marc , Parker Fabienne , Genet Bruno , Supatto Françoise , Roberts Ruth , Gautier Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2006

AbstractClofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator known to induce liver tumours in rats. A proteomics study was conducted to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of clofibrate‐induced non‐genotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats were treated with 250 mg/kg day clofibrate orally and sacrificed after 7 days. Proteins extracted from the liver were analysed by 2‐DE using DIGE technology. The protein identification performed by MS showed that clofibrate induced up‐regulation of 77 proteins and down‐regulation of 27 proteins. The highest expression ratios corresponded to proteins involved in a series of biochemical pathways such as lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein metabolism, citric acid cycle, xenobiotic detoxification and oxidative stress. Proteins implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, such as prohibitin, 10‐formyl tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, senescence marker protein‐30, pyridoxine 5'‐phosphate oxidase and vimentin, were also identified as being regulated. These results provide leads for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms of liver tumours induced by clofibrate. In addition, MS results showed that a series of regulated proteins were detected as several spots corresponding to different pI and/or Mr. Differential effects on those variants could result from specific PTM and could be a specific molecular signature of the clofibrate‐induced protein expression modulation in rat liver.
Surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry protein profiling identifies ubiquitin and ferritin light chain as prognostic biomarkers in node‐negative breast cancer tumors
Authors: Ricolleau Gabriel , Charbonnel Catherine , Lodé Laurence , Loussouarn Delphine , Joalland Marie‐Pierre , Bogumil Ralf , Jourdain Sabine , Minvielle Stéphane , Campone Mario , Déporte‐Fety Régine , Campion Loïc , Jézéquel Pascal 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNovel prognostic biomarkers are imperatively needed to help direct treatment decisions by typing subgroups of node‐negative breast cancer patients. The current study has used a proteomic approach of SELDI‐TOF‐MS screening to identify differentially cytosolic expressed proteins with a prognostic impact in 30 node‐negative breast cancer patients with no relapse versus 30 patients with metastatic relapse. The data analysis took into account 73 peaks, among which 2 proved, by means of univariate Cox regression, to have a good cumulative prognostic‐informative power. Repeated random sampling (n = 500) was performed to ensure the reliability of the peaks. Optimized thresholds were then computed to use both peaks as risk factors and, adding them to the St. Gallen ones, improve the prognostic classification of node‐negative breast cancer patients. Identification of ubiquitin and ferritin light chain (FLC), corresponding to the two peaks of interest, was obtained using ProteinChip LDI‐Qq‐TOF‐MS. Differential expression of the two proteins was further confirmed by Western blotting analyses and immunohistochemistry. SELDI‐TOF‐MS protein profiling clearly showed that a high level of cytosolic ubiquitin and/or a low level of FLC were associated with a good prognosis in breast cancer.
Lipid particle composition of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica depends on the carbon source
Authors: Athenstaedt Karin , Jolivet Pascale , Boulard Céline , Zivy Michel , Negroni Luc , Nicaud Jean‐Marc , Chardot Thierry 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLipid particles (LP) of all types of cells are a depot of neutral lipids. The present investigation deals with the isolation of LP from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and the characterization of their lipid and protein composition. Properties of LP varied depending on the carbon source. LP from glucose‐grown cells revealed a mean diameter of 650 nm with a hydrophobic core mainly formed of triacylglycerols (TAG) and a minor amount of steryl esters (SE). Oleic acid was the major fatty acid species esterified in LP. When cells were grown on oleic acid, LP size increased 3.8‐fold, the particles exhibited a significantly lower ratio of TAG to SE, and the relative amount of oleic acid in LP lipids increased compared to cells grown on glucose. Analysis of LP proteins revealed an increasing number of polypeptides when cells were shifted from glucose‐ to oleic acid‐containing medium. Twenty‐one major LP proteins were identified under both growth conditions, and additional nine polypeptides were specific for growth on oleic acid. Identification of these proteins by MS and comparison of the deduced ORFs to those from Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that most proteins of Y. lipolytica LP are involved in lipid metabolism. LP proteins specific for growth on oleic acid are also enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, but some of them are also components of the intracellular traffic machinery. Thus, proteom analysis of LP proteins suggests involvement of this compartment in different cell biological processes.
Synthesis and chiroptical properties of L‐valine‐containing poly(phenylacetylene)s with (a)chiral pendant terminal groups
Authors: Lai Lo Ming , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPoly(phenylacetylene)s containing L‐valine residues (P1) with (a)chiral pendant terminal groups R(*) [−(HCC{C6H4CONHCH[CH(CH3)2]COOR(*)})n−]; R(*) = 1‐octyl (P1o), (1S,2R,5S)‐(+)‐menthyl [P1(+)], (1R,2S,5R)‐(−)‐menthyl [P1(−)] are designed and synthesized. The polymers are prepared by organorhodium catalysts in high yields (yield up to 88%) with high molecular weights (Mw up to ˜6.4 × 105). Their structures and properties are characterized by NMR, IR, TGA, UV, and circular dichroism analyses. All the polymers are thermally fairly stable (Td ≥ 320 °C). The chiral moieties induce the poly(phenylacetylene) chains to helically rotate in a preferred direction. The chirality of the pendant terminal groups affects little the helicity of the polymers but their bulkiness stabilizes the helical conformation against solvent perturbation. The backbone conjugation and chain helicity of the polymers can be modulated continuously and reversibly by acid. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2117–2129, 2006
Rapid Holocene chemical weathering on a calcitic lake shoreline in an alpine periglacial environment: Attgløyma, Sognefjell, southern Norway
Authors: Owen Geraint , Matthews John A. , Shakesby Richard A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA small lake (Attgløyma) at an altitude of about 1220 m in the low‐alpine zone, southern Norway, has a shore platform in calcitic and quartzitic muscovite‐chlorite schists. The platform has recently been exposed by a fall in lake level due to upstream dam construction and exhibits micro‐landforms ranging from pits and grooves to upstanding crenulate ridges produced by differential chemical weathering under relatively constant conditions over the last ca. 10 000 years. The maximum surface lowering rate of the calcitic layers estimated from differential weathering is 35 mm ka−1, which is about an order of magnitude greater than most previous estimates from alpine and polar periglacial environments. Average bedrock surface lowering across the whole platform reached a maximum of 15.5 ± 2.2 mm ka−1 in a vertical zone corresponding with the former lake level, declining to negligible values around 0.7 m below lake level. Differential weathering and bedrock surface lowering were also negligible immediately above lake level. Correspondence of maximum surface lowering rates with the former lake level and a shoreline notch at the back of a platform suggest that the effects of solutional weathering of the calcite have been enhanced by water movement generated by small lake‐surface waves. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio prediction of peptide‐MHC binding geometry for diverse class I MHC allotypes
Authors: Bordner Andrew J. , Abagyan Ruben 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSince determining the crystallographic structure of all peptide‐MHC complexes is infeasible, an accurate prediction of the conformation is a critical computational problem. These models can be useful for determining binding energetics, predicting the structures of specific ternary complexes with T‐cell receptors, and designing new molecules interacting with these complexes. The main difficulties are (1) adequate sampling of the large number of conformational degrees of freedom for the flexible peptide, (2) predicting subtle changes in the MHC interface geometry upon binding, and (3) building models for numerous MHC allotypes without known structures. Whereas previous studies have approached the sampling problem by dividing the conformational variables into different sets and predicting them separately, we have refined the Biased‐Probability Monte Carlo docking protocol in internal coordinates to optimize a physical energy function for all peptide variables simultaneously. We also imitated the induced fit by docking into a more permissive smooth grid representation of the MHC followed by refinement and reranking using an all‐atom MHC model. Our method was tested by a comparison of the results of cross‐docking 14 peptides into HLA‐A*0201 and 9 peptides into H‐2Kb as well as docking peptides into homology models for five different HLA allotypes with a comprehensive set of experimental structures. The surprisingly accurate prediction (0.75 Å backbone RMSD) for cross‐docking of a highly flexible decapeptide, dissimilar to the original bound peptide, as well as docking predictions using homology models for two allotypes with low average backbone RMSDs of less than 1.0 Å illustrate the method's effectiveness. Finally, energy terms calculated using the predicted structures were combined with supervised learning on a large data set to classify peptides as either HLA‐A*0201 binders or nonbinders. In contrast with sequence‐based prediction methods, this model was also able to predict the binding affinity for peptides to a different MHC allotype (H‐2Kb), not used for training, with comparable prediction accuracy. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What determines the spectrum of protein native state structures?
Authors: Lezon Timothy R. , Banavar Jayanth R. , Lesk Arthur M. , Maritan Amos 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe present a brief summary of the key factors underlying protein structure, as developed in the investigations of Pauling, Ramachandran, and Rose. We then outline a simplified physical model of proteins that focusses on geometry and symmetry. Although this model superficially appears unrelated to the detailed chemical descriptions commonly applied to proteins, we show that it captures the essential elements of the chemistry and provides a unified framework for understanding the common characteristics of folded proteins. We suggest that the spectrum of protein native state structures is determined by geometry and symmetry and the role of the sequence is to choose its native state structure from this predetermined menu. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.