bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychoanalytic perspectives on the treatment of an acute suicidal crisis
Authors: Maltsberger John T. , Weinberg Igor 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe psychoanalytic understanding of suicide has greatly expanded in the past 30 years, and the older therapeutic approach has been modified. Although the turning of murder on the self inferred by Freud 90 years ago remains a cornerstone, current practice concentrates on the identification of a precipitating event, the escalation of intolerable painful affect that the patient cannot moderate, the self‐perception of helplessness, the evolution of hopelessness as a secondary affect, increasing fantasies of suicide as a means of escape, and ego regression (self‐deconstruction), leading progressively to suicide. Recent clinical research, advances in the study of cognition, and neurobiological studies have contributed to the reorientation and enrichment of the psychoanalytic perspective on suicide. The treatment of a university student who had fallen into a suicide crisis is discussed from the psychoanalytic point of view, and evidence for the efficacy of this treatment is reviewed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 223–234, 2006.
The Moral Politics of IMF Reforms: Universal Economics, Particular Ethics
Authors: Best Jacqueline 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe IMF's response to recent financial crises has involved the development of an extensive series of international economic standards that it believes all states should adopt. Fund representatives have justified these reforms by using explicitly moral arguments. In this chapter, I take a closer look at this new turn in order to determine its implications for both financial governance and political ethics. I suggest that although ethical discourse has historically played a crucial role in sustaining financial regimes, the recent turn to moralize finance is novel, for it represents a new kind of economic and ethical liberalism.
AMPH-IMA04: a revised Hypercard program to determine the name of an amphibole from chemical analyses according to the 2004 International Mineralogical Association scheme
Authors: Mogessie A. , Ettinger K. , Leake B. E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn 2004, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) amended the IMA 97 amphibole classification and nomenclature scheme byadding a fifth group to include the recently discovered B(LiNa) amphiboles ferriwhittakeriite and ferri-ottoliniite, which cannot be fitted into the four major amphibole groups. New root-names such as sodic-pedrizite in the Mg-Fe-Mn-Li group and obertiite and dellaventuraite in the sodic group along with two new prefixes, parvo and magno have also been added. As result it has become necessary to modify the AMPH-IMA97 amphibole-naming program. The new program (AMPH-IMA04) allows single input or automatic input of as many amphibole analyses as are available following a set input format. Any of three different calculation schemes for dealing with an amphibole analysis can be chosen: (1) complete chemical analyses can be calculated to 24(O,OH,F,Cl); (2) analyses with determined FeO and Fe2O3, MnO and Mn2O3 but without H2O can be calculated to 23(O); and (3) electron microprobe analyses with only total Fe determined and without H2O can be calculated to 23(O) with IMA97-recommended normalization for Fe3+ and Fe2+ values. In addition a stoichiometric calculation of Mn2+ and Mn3+ is considered and implemented for the Mn-bearing sodic amphiboles in order to take care of electron microprobe analyses of such amphiboles where the total Mn is given as Mn2+.
Potential risk factors for diabetic neuropathy: a case control study
Authors: Booya Fargol , Bandarian Fatemeh , Larijani Bagher , Pajouhi Mohammad , Nooraei Mahdi , Lotfi Jamshid 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus type II afflicts at least 2 million people in Iran. Neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes and lowers the patient's quality of life. Since neuropathy often leads to ulceration and amputation, we have tried to elucidate the factors that can affect its progression.

Methods
In this case-control study, 110 diabetic patients were selected from the Shariati Hospital diabetes clinic. Michigan Neuropathic Diabetic Scoring (MNDS) was used to differentiate cases from controls. The diagnosis of neuropathy was confirmed by nerve conduction studies (nerve conduction velocity and electromyography). The multiple factors compared between the two groups included consumption of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), blood pressure, serum lipid level, sex, smoking, method of diabetes control and its quality.

Results
Statistically significant relationships were found between neuropathy and age, gender, quality of diabetes control and duration of disease (P values in the order: 0.04, 0.04, < 0.001 and 0.005). No correlation was found with any atherosclerosis risk factor (high BP, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking).

Conclusion
In this study, hyperglycemia was the only modifiable risk factor for diabetic neuropathy. Glycemic control reduces the incidence of neuropathy, slows its progression and improves the diabetic patient's quality of life. More attention must be paid to elderly male diabetic patients with poor diabetes control with regard to regular foot examinations and more practical education.
Current views concerning the influences of murine hepatic endothelial adhesive and cytotoxic properties on interactions between metastatic tumor cells and the liver
Authors: Wang Hui Helen , Qiu Hongming , Qi Ke , Orr F William 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSubstantial recent experimental evidence has demonstrated the existence of reciprocal interactions between the microvascular bed of a specific organ and intravascular metastatic tumor cells through expression of adhesion molecules and nitric oxide release, resulting in a significant impact upon metastatic outcomes.This review summarizes the current findings of adhesive and cytotoxic endothelial-tumor cell interactions in the liver, the inducibility, zonal distribution and sinusoidal structural influences on the hepatic endothelial regulatory functions, and the effects of these functions on the formation of liver cancer metastases. New insights into the traditional cancer metastatic cascade are also discussed.
An Efficient Method for the Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Bryja Vítězlav , Bonilla Sonia , Čajánek Lukáš , Parish Clare L. , Schwartz Catherine M. , Luo Yongquan , Rao Mahendra S. , Arenas Ernest 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) represent a unique tool for many researchers; however, the process of ESC derivation is often very inefficient and requires high specialization, training, and expertise. To circumvent these limitations, we aimed to develop a simple and efficient protocol based on the use of commercially available products. Here, we present an optimized protocol that we successfully applied to derive ESCs from several knockout mouse strains (Wnt-1, Wnt-5a, Lrp6, and parkin) with 50%–75% efficiency. The methodology is based on the use of mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders, knockout serum replacement (SR), and minimal handling of the blastocyst. In this protocol, all centrifugation steps (as well as the use of trypsin inhibitor) were avoided and replaced by an ESC medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS) after the trypsinizations. We define the potential advantages and disadvantages of using SR and FCS in individual steps of the protocol. We also characterize the ESCs for the expression of ESC markers by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and a stem cell focused microarray. In summary, we provide a simplified and improved protocol to derive mESCs that can be useful for laboratories aiming to isolate transgenic mESCs for the first time.
Enhanced Ionic Conductivity in Nanostructured, Heavily Doped Ceria Ceramics
Authors: Bellino M. G. , Lamas D. G. , Walsöe de Reca N. E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe electrical properties of nanostructured, heavily yttria‐ or samaria‐doped ceria ceramics are studied as a function of grain size using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A remarkable enhancement in the total ionic conductivity of about one order of magnitude is found in nanostructured samples, compared with the intrinsic bulk conductivity of conventional microcrystalline ceramics. This effect is attributed to the predominance of grain‐boundary conduction in the nanostructured materials, coupled with an increase in the grain‐boundary ionic diffusivity with decreasing grain size.
Using Self‐Assembling Dipole Molecules to Improve Charge Collection in Molecular Solar Cells
Authors: Khodabakhsh S. , Sanderson B. M. , Nelson J. , Jones T. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSurface modification of indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated substrates through the use of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of molecules with permanent dipole moments has been used to control the anode work function and device performance in molecular solar cells based on a CuPc:C60 (CuPc: copper phthalocyanine) heterojunction. Use of SAMs increases both the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor, increasing the power‐conversion efficiency by up to an order of magnitude. This improvement is attributed primarily to an enhanced interfacial charge transfer rate at the anode, due to both a decrease in the interfacial energy step between the anode work function and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the organic layer, and a better compatibility of the SAM‐modified electrodes with the initial CuPc layers, which leads to a higher density of active sites for charge transfer. An additional factor may be the influence of increasing electric field at the heterojunction on the exciton‐dissociation efficiency. This is supported by calculations of the electric potential distribution for the structures. Work‐function modification has virtually no effect on the open‐circuit voltage (Voc), in accordance with the idea that Voc is controlled primarily by the energy levels of the donor and acceptor materials.
A Versatile, Molecular Engineering Approach to Simultaneously Enhanced, Multifunctional Carbon‐Nanotube– Polymer Composites
Authors: Chen J. , Ramasubramaniam R. , Xue C. , Liu H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are recognized as the ultimate carbon fibers for high‐performance, multifunctional composites. The remarkable multifunctional properties of pristine SWNTs have proven, however, difficult to harness simultaneously in polymer composites, a problem that arises largely because of the smooth surface of the carbon nanotubes (i.e., sidewalls), which is incompatible with most solvents and polymers, and leads to a poor dispersion of SWNTs in polymer matrices, and weak SWNT–polymer adhesion. Although covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes are excellent reinforcements for mechanically strong composites, they are usually less attractive fillers for multifunctional composites, because the covalent functionalization of nanotube sidewalls can considerably alter, or even destroy, the nanotubes' desirable intrinsic properties. We report for the first time that the molecular engineering of the interface between non‐covalently functionalized SWNTs and the surrounding polymer matrix is crucial for achieving the dramatic and simultaneous enhancement in mechanical and electrical properties of SWNT–polymer composites. We demonstrate that the molecularly designed interface of SWNT–matrix polymer leads to multifunctional SWNT–polymer composite films stronger than pure aluminum, but with only half the density of aluminum, while concurrently providing electroconductivity and room‐temperature solution processability.
Cobalt‐Catalysed Addition of Allylidene Dipivalate to Aldehydes. A Formal Homoaldol Condensation
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Licciulli Sebastiano , Pasi Filippo , Angelici Gaetano , Trombini Claudio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA Co(I)‐catalysed condensation of allylidene dipivalate with aldehydes to give (Z)‐4‐hydroxybut‐1‐enyl pivalates in 62 to 87% isolated yields, is reported. Reactions are run in acetonitrile at 0 or 25 °C depending on the nature of the aldehyde, and exploiting the Co(II)/Zn(0) redox couple for the preparation of the catalytic Co(I) species.
Association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) polymorphisms with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Indian population
Authors: Bhaduri Nipa , Das Manali , Sinha Swagata , Chattopadhyay Anindita , Gangopadhyay Prasanta Kumar , Chaudhuri Keya , Singh Manoranjan , Mukhopadhyay Kanchan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset neurobehavioral disorder. Several studies worldwide have implicated a possible association between ADHD and transmission of different polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) in different ethnic groups. However, this is the first report on the transmission of different polymorphisms of DRD4 in Indian subjects. Association of 5′ flanking 120‐bp duplication, exon 1 12‐bp duplication, and exon 3 48‐bp variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) were analyzed in 50 ADHD cases. Haplotype‐based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) were carried out to ascertain the association of these polymorphisms with the disorder. Linkage disequilibria (LD) between the polymorphisms were calculated using EH+ and 2LD programs. Our preliminary data showed lack of association between ADHD and transmission of the 5′ flanking 120‐bp duplication and exon 1 12‐bp duplication. But, the transmissions of 6 and 7 repeat alleles of exon 3 48‐bp VNTR showed significant association with ADHD. We have also examined the haplotype frequencies and biased transmission of one haplotype was observed in ADHD probands. LD analysis showed very strong disequilibrium between exon 1 12‐bp duplication and exon 3 48‐bp VNTR. Strong LD was also observed between the 5′ flanking 120‐bp duplication and exon 1 12‐bp duplication. The observed association between higher repeat alleles of exon 3 48‐bp VNTR and Indian ADHD children is consistent with some of the earlier reports. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A resistivity survey of a burial mound in the ‘Valley of the Thracian Kings’
Authors: Tonkov N. , Loke M. H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGeophysical methods, and electrical resistivity in particular, have well‐elaborated techniques and proven efficacy in the prospection of tumuli. This paper presents a good example of the discovery of a rich 5th century BC stone tomb in a large tumulus using geophysical data. The tumulus had been investigated previously both with geophysical surveys and excavation, but without success. In the present survey the common resistivity traversing with Wenner‐Schlumberger arrays was expanded with a two‐dimensional inverse modelling that, on one hand, aided in the more accurate outlining of the buried monument and, on the other, produced for the first time geophysical evidence to support the existing hypothesis that in many cases the tombs were built into previously raised tumulus embankments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic detection and identification of shocks in Gaussian state‐space models: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Salvador Manuel , Gargallo Pilar 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn automatic monitoring and intervention algorithm that permits the supervision of very general aspects in an univariate linear Gaussian state–space model is proposed. The algorithm makes use of a model comparison and selection approach within a Bayesian framework. In addition, this algorithm incorporates the possibility of eliminating earlier interventions when subsequent evidence against them comes to light. Finally, the procedure is illustrated with two empirical examples taken from the literature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bifurcating saphenous vein aorto‐coronary bypass graft lesions: Treatment of left main equivalent using two filterwire EX™ distal protection devices
Authors: Prosser Verne M. , Bailey Steven R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDistal protection devices for the prevention of embolization during saphenous venous aorto‐coronary bypass graft intervention are currently considered standard of care. Branching or Y‐type saphenous vein grafts present a unique and challenging problem when a distal protection device is anticipated. We present a case in which two Filterwires™ were used simultaneously through two separate guiding catheters in a left main equivalent bifurcating saphenous vein graft (SVG) with significant ostial and proximal atherosclerotic lesions of both limbs, which supplied left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery territories. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected Novel Binding Mode of Pyrrolidine‐Based Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Crystal Structure in Complex with HIV Protease
Authors: Specker Edgar , Böttcher Jark , Brass Sascha , Heine Andreas , Lilie Hauke , Schoop Andreas , Müller Gerhard , Griebenow Nils , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAt present nine FDA‐approved HIV protease inhibitors have been launched to market, however rapid drug resistance arising under antiviral therapy calls upon novel concepts. Possible strategies are the development of ligands with less peptide‐like character or the stabilization of a new and unexpected binding‐competent conformation of the protein through a novel ligand‐binding mode. Our rational design of pyrrolidinedimethylene diamines was inspired by the idea to incorporate key structural elements from classical peptidomimetics with a non‐peptidic heterocyclic core comprising an endocyclic amino function to address the catalytic aspartic acid side chains of Asp 25 and 25′. The basic scaffolds were decorated by side chains already optimized for the recognition pockets of HIV protease or cathepsin D. A multistep synthesis has been established to produce the central heterocycle and to give flexible access to side chain decorations. Depending on the substitution pattern of the pyrrolidine moiety, single‐digit micromolar inhibition of HIV‐1 protease and cathepsin D has been achieved. Successful design is suggested in agreement with our modelling concepts. The subsequently determined crystal structure with HIV protease shows that the pyrrolidine moiety binds as expected to the pivotal position between both aspartic acid side chains. However, even though the inhibitors have been equipped symmetrically by polar acceptor groups to address the flap water molecule, it is repelled from the complex, and only one direct hydrogen bond is formed to the flap. A strong distortion of the flap region is detected, leading to a novel hydrogen bond which cross‐links the flap loops. Furthermore, the inhibitor addresses only three of the four available recognition pockets. It achieves only an incomplete desolvation compared with the similarly decorated amprenavir. Taking these considerations into account it is surprising that the produced pyrrolidine derivatives achieve micromolar inhibition and it suggests extraordinary potency of the new compound class. Most likely, the protonated pyrrolidine moiety experiences strong enthalpic interactions with the enzyme through the formation of two salt bridges to the aspartic acid side chains. This might provide challenging opportunities to combat resistance of the rapidly mutating virus.
Four versus six courses of a dose‐escalated cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen plus etoposide (megaCHOEP) and autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Schmitz Nobert , Kloess Marita , Reiser Marcel , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Metzner Bernd , Dorken Bernd , Kneba Michael , Trumper Lorenz , Loeffler Markus , Pfreundschuh Michael , Glass Bertram ,   for the German High‐Grade Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL)
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with aggressive lymphoma and high‐risk features at the time of diagnosis are reported to have a poor prognosis with standard therapy. Attempts to improve the results achieved with the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) using second‐generation or third‐generation chemotherapy have failed. In the current study, the authors increased the doses and dose intensity of drugs used for the conventional first‐line therapy of aggressive lymphoma and designed a Phase II randomized trial that compared four and six courses of dose‐escalated CHOP plus etoposide (megaCHOEP) supported by the transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells.METHODSEighty‐four patients age < 60 years with aggressive lymphoma and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were randomized to receive either 4 (Arm A) or 6 (Arm B) courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, and prednisone (megaCHOEP). The last three treatment courses were supported by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Although the total doses of cyclophosphamide and etoposide were comparable, the dose intensity during the first 3 treatment courses was planned to be 2.8‐fold and 2.0‐fold higher, respectively, for patients in Arm A.RESULTSThirty‐seven patients in Arm A (90.2%) but only 18 patients in Arm B (69.2%) were able to complete therapy (P = 0.048). The complete response rate was 65.8% in Arm A and 50.0% in Arm B; the disease recurrence rates were 18.5% versus 61.5% (P = 0.011). Freedom from treatment failure at 2 years was 52.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 36.9–68.2%) in Arm A and 23.1% (95% CI, 6.9–39.3%) in Arm B (P = 0.02). The overall survival rate was 70% (95% CI, 54.9–85.0%) in Arm A and 46.2% (95% CI, 27.0–65.3%) in Arm B (P = 0.037).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that dose intensity, in particular early dose intensity, significantly influences disease control with high‐dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation. These results also may explain the failure of HDT with low early dose intensity to improve the results obtained with conventional chemotherapy. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Evidence for the involvement of dominant‐negative Notch molecules in the normal course of Drosophila development
Authors: LeComte Matthew , Wesley Umadevi V. , Mok Lee‐Peng , Shepherd Andrew , Wesley Cedric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNotch signaling is used to specify cell types during animal development. A high level specifies one cell type, whereas a low level specifies the alternate type. The effector of Notch signaling is the Notch intracellular domain. Upon its release from the plasma membrane in response to Delta binding the Notch extracellular domain, the Notch intracellular domain combines with the transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless and promotes the expression of target genes. Using a panel of antibodies made against different extracellular and intracellular regions of Notch, we show that cell types and tissues with low levels of Notch signaling are enriched for Notch molecules detected only by the extracellular domain antibodies. This enrichment often follows enrichment for Notch molecules detected only by antibodies made against the Suppressor of Hairless binding region. Notch molecules lacking most of the intracellular domain or containing only the Suppressor of Hairless binding region are produced during development. Such molecules are known to suppress Notch signaling, possibly by taking away Delta or Suppressor of Hairless from the full‐length Notch. Thus, it is possible that dominant‐negative Notch molecules are produced in the normal course of tissue differentiation in Drosophila as part of an auto–down‐regulation mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 235:411–426, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.