bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study: Reliability‐based product development and improvement model
Authors: Cui Yuling , Khan A. Wahid 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA field data‐driven reliability and improvement program was introduced to ForHealth Technologies, Inc. (FHT) in December 2004 for its IntelliFill i.v. (IFiv) System. Since then, FHT has developed and executed a unique reliability‐based product development and improvement model. As a result of implementing this model, from January 2005 to February 2007, the reliability of IFiv System improved its Mean Syringes Between Failures by 1703%, Operator Interventions Per Thousand Syringes by 45%, and Mean Time Between Failures improved by 1725% with system uptime of over 99%. Furthermore, system‐related product costs were reduced by over 40%. IFiv has now delivered over 16 million doses without any medication errors and helped hospital pharmacies realize their drug cost savings along with higher operational efficiencies. The purpose of this case study is to share FHT's success story of conducting reliability‐based product development and improvement program, while keeping the process simple with fast results. This model is applicable at system level for all industries with positive bottom line impact. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust split‐plot designs
Authors: Parker Peter A. , Anderson‐Cook Christine , Robinson Timothy J. , Liang Li 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn many experimental situations, practitioners are confronted with costly, time consuming, or hard‐to‐change (HTC) factors. These practical or economic restrictions on randomization can be accommodated with a split‐plot design structure that minimizes the manipulation of the HTC factors. Selecting a good design is a challenging task and requires knowledge of the opportunities and restrictions imposed by the experimental apparatus and an evaluation of statistical performance among competing designs. Building on the well‐established evaluation criteria for the completely randomized context, we emphasize the unique qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria for split‐plot designs. An example from hypersonic propulsion research is used to demonstrate the consideration of multiple design evaluation criteria. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodic models in quantum chemical simulations of F centers in crystalline metal oxides
Authors: Zhukovskii Yuri F. , Kotomin Eugene A. , Evarestov Robert A. , Ellis Donald E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present a survey of recent first principles simulations of the neutral oxygen vacancies (F centers) existing as native or radiation‐induced point defects in various crystalline metal oxides in different forms (bulk, bare substrate surface, and on the interface with metal adsorbates). We mainly consider periodic models in calculations of point defects using the metal oxide supercell or cyclic clusters. We compare different formalisms of first principles calculations, mostly the Density Functional Theory (DFT) as implemented in the framework of either localized basis set of atomic orbitals or delocalized basis sets of plane waves. We analyze in detail the structural and electronic properties of F centers in binary oxides of light metals (MgO and Al2O3), and ternary metal oxides (SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, KNbO3, and PbZrO3 perovskites). When available, we compare results of ab initio periodic defect calculations with experimental data, results of the first principles cluster calculations (both embedded and molecular) as well as with semi‐empirical calculations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Controllability and motion planning of a multibody Chaplygin's sphere and Chaplygin's top
Authors: Shen Jinglai , Schneider David A. , Bloch Anthony M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper studies local configuration controllability of multibody systems with nonholonomic constraints. As a nontrivial example of the theory, we consider the dynamics and control of a multibody spherical robot. Internal rotors and sliders are used as the mechanisms for control. Our model is based on equations developed by the second author for certain mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints, e.g. Chaplygin's sphere and Chaplygin's top in particular, and the multibody framework for unconstrained mechanical systems developed by the first and third authors. Recent methods for determining controllability and path planning for multibody systems with symmetry are extended to treat a class of mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints. Specific
results on the controllability and path planning of the spherical robot model are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A session‐oriented approach in modeling hierarchies of streams
Authors: Chatziantoniou Damianos , Anagnostopoulos Achilleas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractData stream systems became recently the focus of intense research activity. Sensor measurements, financial data, network packets and log files can all be seen as data streams. The ability to query data streams is of increasing importance and has been identified as a crucial element for modern organizations and agencies. This article identifies an interesting class of applications where stream sessions may be organized into a hierarchical fashion—i.e. sessions may consist of subsessions. For example, log streams from call centers belong to different call sessions and call sessions consist of services subsessions. We may want to monitor statistics and perform accounting at any level on this hierarchy, relative to any other (higher) level (e.g. monitoring the average service session per call vs the average service session for the entire system). We argue that data streams of this kind have rich procedural semantics—i.e. behaviour—and therefore a semantically rich model should be used: a session may be defined by opening and closing conditions, may have data and methods and may consist of subsessions. We propose a simple conceptual model based on the notion of ‘session’—similar to a class in an object‐oriented environment having lifetime semantics. Queries on top of this schema can be formulated via HSA (hierarchical stream aggregate) expressions. We give an algorithm describing how stream data ‘flow down’ session hierarchies and discuss potential evaluation and optimization techniques for HSAs. We finally present NESTREAM, a prototype implementation incorporating many of these concepts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival and transmission of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from naturally infected common bean seeds to the seedlings
Authors: Yesuf Mohammed , Sangchote Somsiri 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSurveys were made of major seed‐borne fungi associated with seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in different bean‐growing areas of Ethiopia. Field and laboratory experiments were also carried out during the 2003 and 2004 crop seasons to study the survival and transmission of bean anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum to the seedlings. The major seed‐borne fungi associated with common bean seeds were Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Phaeoisariopsis griseola and Ascochyta phaseolorum. Bean anthracnose survived in infected seeds but not in the soil, and the primary source of bean anthracnose infection in the field was from infected seeds. Seed infection of common beans by bean anthracnose resulted in both pre‐emergence and post‐emergence mortality of bean seedlings. A significant positive relationship was found between the levels of primary seed infection and seedling infection in the field. Further development of bean anthracnose in the field was influenced by weather variables (rainfall, number of rainy days, humidity and temperature). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Castor seed proteins and their viscosities
Authors: Joshi B. N. , Varma J. P. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryProperties of castor‐proteins from castor bean kernels prior to extraction of oil have been studied with regard to ash content, nitrogen content, and yields, using different peptizing and precipitating agents. The viscosities of the NaOH peptized and acetic acid or SO2 precipitated proteins were determined and found to be comparable to acid casein. Maximum yields were obtained by using alkali as a peptizing agent and acetic acid or SO2 as precipitating agents. These castor proteins may possibly be adopted as a substitute for casein in various industries.
Some effects of semolina lipoxidase activity on macaroni quality
Authors: Irvine G. N. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryIt has been established that durum wheats contain lipoxidase and that the presence of this enzyme is responsible for the low correlation between the pigment content of semolina and the color of macaroni. By taking account of the lipoxidase factor and using a multiple regression equation, it is possible to predict macaroni pigment or percentage of purity of macaroni from measurement of semolina reflectance, semolina pigment, or wheat pigment.
Melting point, solidification, and consistency
Authors: Smith Hampton M. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThere are probably as many methods or variations of methods for melting points, solidification, and consistency as there are producers in the fats and oil industry. I have tried to review the more important ones. The interpretation of results and importance attached to each test will vary widely from producer to producer. My presentation and interpretation have been primarily of methods used by our company and related to the shortening field. In our experience the data obtained from Wiley Melting Points, Penetration Values, and % solids from dilations are the primary controls for the consistency of our products.
Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy
Authors: O’Connor Robert T. 
Published: August 2007

ConclusionsIn a single lecture on a subject as big as ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy as applied to fats and oils, the contributions of many, many workers cannot even be mentioned. most of the techniques and much of the mass of useful data which have been accumulated represent contributions from scores of research workers. in this lecture only a few have been cited as examples of what ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy can do—what it is doing for the fat and oil chemist.As one hears more about newer techniques in spectroscopy, infrared absorption, microwave spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, etc., he is likely to think of ultraviolet absorption as an older technique which has probably made its contribution and is now to be relegated to “classical methods.” Nothing could be further from the actual picture today. As newer techniques open up a greater understanding of the chemistry of fats and oils, of their constitution, of the mechanisms of their chemical reactions, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy will be called upon to make on ever‐increasing contribution. Newer techniques to obtain pure components, such as improved chromatography, countercurrent distribution separations, etc., will also make greater and greater demands upon the use of ultraviolet absorption spectra. As long as fatty acid chemistry deals with constituents which either contain conjugated unsaturation, or unsaturated linkages which can be conjugated, either accidentally or by design, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy will remain its most valuable tool.
Kenaf seed oil
Authors: Lewy Mario 
Published: August 2007

SummaryKenaf oil is obtained from the seeds ofHibiscus cannabinus L. The procedure for extracting the oil is practically the same as is used in extracting cotton seed oil. The seed is ground and pressed without decortication because the episperm is strongly adherent to the kernel and also because of the peculiar shape of the seed. Up to 20% oil of the weight of the seed may be obtained, depending upon the extraction method used. The oil is nonsiccative and, when refined, may be used for salads and cooking purposes. Generally speaking, it has the same uses as cotton seed oil which it may substitute with the advantage of having a somewhat milder odor.The residual cake, which is gray in color due to the presence of the episperm may be advantageously used as a concentrate food for cattle.
Reactions of fatty materials with oxygen. IX. Analytical study of the autoxidation of methyl oleate
Authors: Knight H. B. , Coleman Joseph E. , Swern Daniel 
Published: August 2007

SummaryMethyl oleate, irradiated with ultraviolet, has been autoxidized at 35°, 70°, and 100°C. for 2,000, 264, and 168 hours, respectively. Samples were withdrawn at intervals and total oxygen introduced was determined by chemical analysis for peroxide, carbonyl, hydroxyl, oxirane, ester, and carboxyl oxygen.Total oxygen introduced was also determined by difference from carbon and hydrogen analyses. In the autoxidation at 35° good agreement was obtained between the two methods for determining total oxygen introduced, over the entire time period studied. At 70° and 100° however good agreement was noted only during the early stages, after which the combustion values were higher and the spread between them became progressively larger. This difference is accounted for by formation of ethers, which could not be determined chemically. At all three temperatures about 2.5 to 3.0 atoms of oxygen were introduced per molecule of methyl oleate.Even with such a comparatively simple substrate as methyl oleate the autoxidation reaction is exceedingly complex.
Lye‐dipping for the removal of objectionable skin color from various grades of shelled Spanish peanuts
Authors: Jominski J. , McCourtney E. J. , Stansbury M. F. , D'Aquin E. L. , Vix H. L. E. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryExperimental data have been obtained on the lipids and protein losses in the lye treatment of the various grades of shelled Spanish peanuts. It has been shown a) that lipid and protein losses on U. S. No. 1 shelled peanuts are lower for the cold than for the hot treatment though both are of a low level; b) that these losses in the cold treatment increased with the use of lower grade shelled peanuts, U. S. No. 2 and oil mill stock; c) that protein solubility of peanut kernels was negligibly affected by lye solution treatment, drying at 125°F., cold solvent extraction with hexane, airdrying, and oven‐drying at 125°F.; and d) that damaged peanut kernels imparted color to protein.
Canadian erucic acid oils. VIII. Component fatty acids of the oil from weed seed screenings, largely charlock
Authors: Hoffman W. H. , Zuckerman A. , Grace N. H. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe oil from weed seed screenings from Western Canadian grain was found to consist of 31% oleic, 27% linoleic, 13% linolenic, 12% eicosenoic, 8.4% erucic, 6.3% saturated, and small amounts and traces of other acids. Eicosenoic acid was found in greater abundance than erucic acid, a result probably related to the fatty acid composition of charlock. The presence of eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, and docosatrienoic acids, hitherto unreported in vegetable oils, is strongly suggested.
The constitution of woolwax
Authors: Bertram S. H. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryExtensive analyses have been made of American and Australian woolwaxes. Combined hydroxy acids have been shown to be the most characteristic and important components of these waxes. Both contained considerable amounts (about 91.5% in the case of the American wax and 31.7% in the Australian sample) of diestolidic esters of the alcohols of the unsaponifiable fraction. This conclusion is supported by calculations of composition, by observations of viscosity and emulsifying properties, and by determinations of mean molecular weight by the Prahl method.
Stabilization of vitamin A in halibut liver oil with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)
Authors: Dassow John A. , Stansby Maurice E. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe gradual destruction of vitamin A in fish liver oils stored under oxidizing conditions occurs simultaneously with the oxidation of the oil and may be taneously with the oxidation of the oil and may be correlated with the increase of the peroxide number. Antioxidants which effectively retard the oxidation of the oil are also effective in the stabilization of the vitamin A content. The effectiveness of various concentrations of NDGA with and without added synergists was determined in halibut liver oil using a modified Swift stability procedure at 97.7°C. and at 80°C. Accelerated storage tests at 25°C. were also made. Wheeler peroxide numbers and spectrophotometric vitamin A were determined at intervals. Use of NDGA at 0.1 to 0.5% level without added synergist did not give effective protection at 97.7°C. but did at the lower temperature. NDGA was more effective at all temperatures if a synergist as citric or ortho‐phosphoric acid was added; however the relative effectiveness appeared to increase markedly with the lowering of the oxidation temperature. At lower temperatures the increased efficiency of NDGA with synergists permitted concentrations of less than 0.1% NDGA for effective stabilization. A loss of 50% vitamin A was associated with a peroxide value from 40 to 55. Undesirable effects in the oil, due to the addition of the antioxidant, were at a minimum below concentrations of 0.3%.
The catalytic isomerization of cod liver oil with sulphur dioxide
Authors: Keuzenkamp A. , Van Steenis J. , Waterman H. I. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA Norwegian cod liver oil upon treatment with sulphur dioxide under pressure shows cis‐trans isomerization, conjugation (activation), and polymerization dependent on the reaction temperature. After a cis‐trans isomerization the reaction product can be separated into a higher melting part with a decreased iodine value and a liquid part with an increased degree of unsaturation.
The effect of baking powder residues on rancidity
Authors: Watts Betty M. , Lehmann Barbara , Goodrich Frances 
Published: August 2007

Summary and ConclusionsThe effect on rancidity of heated residues of the four commercial types of baking powder was measured in artificial aqueous fat systems. The powders inhibited rancidity in such systems in the following order: combination, tartrate, monocalcium phosphate, and pyrophosphate—the combination being least effective and the pyrophosphate very much more effective than any other type.The antioxidant effect of the pyrophosphate powder was shown to be due primarily to a synergism with tocopherol rather than to special ability of the pyrophosphate to bind traces of copper. The synergism was much more marked with tocopherol than with NDGA.In accelerated tests on the dried crumbs, biscuits and muffins baked with a pyrophosphate powder had much greater resistance to rancidity than those made with a combination powder. When frozen, products made with the combination powder developed off odors more rapidly than those made with a pyrophosphate powder.
Comparative study of the oxidation and polymerization of linseed oil by application of some recently developed physical techniques
Authors: O'Hare G. A. , Hess P. S. , Kopacki A. F. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThree physical test methods for drying oils have been described. They are:

Molecular weight determinations in cyclohexane for thermally polymerized and mechanically oxidized oils. Results have been compared with those obtained in benzene. Theoretical and factual reasons have been given for the apparent validity of average molecular weight determinations in cyclohexane.

Dielectric constant determinations for treated oils. It has been shown that the dielectric increases as an oil is oxidized but that no increase in dielectric occurs on thermal polymerization. The dielectric constant is mainly a function of the oxygenated structure of the oil.

Power factor determinations. The power factor increases on polymerization and on oxidation. The values obtained for any given viscosity are considerably greater for the oxidized samples.
Molecular weight and dielectric constant determinations have been used to advantage in our plants and laboratories. Our knowledge on power factor determinations, however, is as yet not extensive but it is felt that with more background data on this constant a potentially meaningful tool for oil evaluation can be developed.
Nitration of methyl oleate with acetyl nitrate: A synthesis of methyl aminostearate
Authors: Malins D. C. , Houle C. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAcetyl nitrate, an effective reagent for the nitration of simple alkenes, provided a convenient means of introducing nitrogen into unsaturated fatty acids. This nitrating agent was found to react quantitatively under mild conditions with methyl oleate forming isomeric nitro, acetoxy‐nitro, and nitro‐nitrate derivatives. These nitro derivatives were isolated by column and thin‐layer adsorption chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by infrared spectroscopy.In addition, the isomeric nitro derivative was reduced by catalytic hydrogenation to give methyl aminostearate.
Hydrogenation of linolenate. VII. Separation and identification of isomeric dienes and monoenes
Authors: Sreenivasan B. , Nowakowska Janina , Jones E. P. , Selke E. , Scholfield C. R. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIsomeric dienes and monoenes produced by partial hydrogenation of linolenic acid have been separated by the combined use of low‐temp crystallization and countercurrent distribution.Cis, trans dienes have been separated fromcis, cis dienes.Cis, cis conjugatable dienes have been partially separated fromcis,cis nonconjugatable dienes. Dienes with onetrans double bond were separated by gas chromatography into two groups:cis, trans andtrans, cis. Individual positional isomers could not be separated.Cis‐9 monoene was separated fromcis‐12,cis‐15, andtrans monoenes by low‐temp crystallization. Countercurrent distribution at 3,000 transfers only partially separated this mixture ofcis‐12,cis‐15, andtrans monoenes. The double bond in bothcis andtrans monoenes was found in all carbon positions, 7 through 16, showing for the first time that the 15, 16 bond of linolenic acid had moved away from the carboxyl. The majorcis bonds remained at carbons 9, 12, and 15.Combination of countercurrent distribution fractions has produced samples containing 95%cis, cis dienes; 90%cis, trans ortrans, cis dienes; 95%cis monoenes; and 90%trans monoenes.
Isolation of gossypol from tissue of porcine livers
Authors: Smith F. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGossypol has been isolated in crystalline form from the livers of pigs fed cottonseed meal having a relatively high free‐gossypol content. The crystalline product was identified as dianilino‐gossypol by its ultraviolet (248舑500 mॖ) and infrared light absorption spectra.
Polyoxyethylene ethers of some polyol glycosides and their fatty esters
Authors: Otey F. H. , Mehltretter C. L. , Rist C. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStarch heated with a polyol, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or glycerol, in the presence of an acid catalyst undergoes transglycosidation and forms a mixture of polyol glycosides. This mixture is sufficiently heat‐stable to permit polyetherification with ethylene oxide. The preparation and properties of a number of glycoside polyoxyethylene ethers are described.Nonionic emulsifying agents were prepared by reacting glycoside polyethers with either saturated or unsaturated long‐chain fatty acids and linseed oil. In general, the esterified glycoside polyethers exhibited good emulsifying action, and the unsaturated esters of the polyethers possessed film‐forming properties.