bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle phalanx skeletal morphology in the hand: Can it predict flexor tendon size and attachments?
Authors: Marzke Mary W. , Shrewsbury Marvin M. , Horner Kristin E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpecific sites on the palmar diaphysis of the manual middle phalanges provide attachment for the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon. It has been assumed in the literature that lateral palmar fossae on these bones reflect locations for these attachments and offer evidence for relative size of the flexor tendon. This assumption has led to predictions about relative FDS muscle force potential from sizes of fossae on fossil hominin middle phalanges. Inferences about locomotor capabilities of fossil hominins in turn have been drawn from the predicted force potential of the flexor muscle. The study reported here provides a critical first step in evaluating hypotheses about behavioral implications of middle phalangeal morphology in fossil hominins, by testing the hypothesis that the lateral fossae reflect the size of the FDS tendon and the location of the terminal FDS tendon attachments on the middle phalanx. The middle phalangeal region was dissected in 43 individuals from 16 primate genera, including humans. Qualitative observations were made of tendon attachment locations relative to the lateral fossae. Length measurements of the fossae were tested as predictors of FDS tendon cross‐sectional area and of FDS attachment tendon lengths. Our results lead to the conclusion that the hypothesis must be rejected, and that future attention should focus on functional implications of the palmar median bar associated with the lateral fossae. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diet and diversity at later medieval fishergate: The isotopic evidence
Authors: Müldner Gundula , Richards Michael P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen for 155 individuals buried at the Later Medieval (13th to early 16th century AD) Gilbertine priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate in the city of York (UK). The data show significant variation in the consumption of marine foods between males and females as well as between individuals buried in different areas of the priory. Specifically, individuals from the crossing of the church and the cloister garth had consumed significantly less marine protein than those from other locations. Isotope data for four individuals diagnosed with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are consistent with a diet rich in animal protein. We also observe that isotopic signals of individuals with perimortem sharp force trauma are unusual in the context of the Fishergate dataset. We discuss possible explanations for these patterns and suggest that there may have been a specialist hospital or a local tradition of burying victims of violent conflict at the priory. The results demonstrate how the integration of archaeological, osteological, and isotopic data can provide novel information about Medieval burial and society. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indentured migration and differential gender gene flow: The origin and evolution of the East‐Indian community of Limón, Costa Rica
Authors: Castrì Loredana , Otárola Flory , Blell Mwenza , Ruiz Ernesto , Barrantes Ramiro , Luiselli Donata , Pettener Davide , Madrigal Lorena 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAfter the emancipation of African slaves in the Caribbean, the labor void left by out‐migrating former slaves was filled by in‐migrating indentured servants from prepartition India and China. In some areas of the Caribbean such as Trinidad, Suriname, and Guyana, the East‐Indian migrants formed large communities. In this article, we report a study based on mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal markers of a small East‐Indian community from Limón, Costa Rica. The purpose of the project is to determine the place of origin in the Indian subcontinent of the ancestors of our group and the contributions to its gene pool through gene flow by members of other ethnic groups. Both Y‐chromosome and mtDNA suggest that the Indo‐Costa Ricans descend from migrants primarily from Central India. While both paternal and maternal markers indicate that this group is overwhelmingly of Indian origin, they also indicate that males and females of African, European, and Amerindian origin contributed to it differently. We discuss our results in the historical context of the virtual extinction of Amerindian Caribbean groups, the forced migration of African slaves to the Caribbean, and the gene flow between Amerindians, Europeans, East‐Indians, and Africans that eventually produced the Caribbean's currently diverse gene pool. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life over time since resective epilepsy surgery
Authors: Spencer Susan S. , Berg Anne T. , Vickrey Barbara G. , Sperling Michael R. , Bazil Carl W. , Haut Sheryl , Langfitt John T. , Walczak Thaddeus S. , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveHealth‐related quality of life (HRQOL) improves after resective epilepsy surgery, but data are limited to short follow‐up in mostly retrospective reports, with minimal consideration of other potential factors that might influence HRQOL.MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study, 396 patients underwent resective epilepsy surgery. They completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory‐89 (QOLIE‐89) before surgery, within 6 months, and at approximately yearly intervals after surgery. Seizure outcome was ascertained by phone calls every 3 months, and dates of postoperative seizures were chronicled. Overall HRQOL as measured by the QOLIE‐89 was evaluated with respect to seizure outcome using logistic regression.ResultsQOLIE‐89 scores increased significantly at the first postoperative measurement (within 6 months after surgery) in the cohort overall; subsequent changes over time were sensitive to seizure‐free and aura‐free status. After adjusting for baseline scores, the corresponding postsurgical QOLIE‐89 overall, and four dimension scores, increased as a function of square root of time seizure‐free, and independently as a function of square root of time aura free, leveling by 2 years of stable seizure (aura) status. HRQOL was not independently related to duration of epilepsy, duration of intractable epilepsy, or continuation of medications.InterpretationHRQOL improves early after surgery, regardless of seizure outcome. Subsequent changes parallel length of time seizure free or aura free, stabilize after 2 years, and are unrelated to duration of epilepsy, duration of intractable epilepsy, or continued medication use. Ann Neurol 2007
Synthesis and reactions of a novel bulky aryllithium
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Okuyama Yuta , Tajima Tomoyuki , Kato Daichi , Yoshioka Michikazu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel bulky aryllithium, 2,6‐bis{2,5‐bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl}phenyllithium (BbspLi), was synthesized. Reactions of BbspLi 5 with Group 14 electrophiles, such as stannous chloride, with carbon tetrachloride or tetrachlorometallanes gave fluorene 6. Reaction of BbspLi with carbon tetrachloride gave benzyl chloride 8, which converted to 6 under acidic conditions. BbspLi 5 isomerized to the corresponding benzyl anion 10, which underwent halophilic reactions with Group 14 electrophiles to give fluorene 6 via the benzyl chloride intermediate 8. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkynylorganotins, versatile precursors of class II hybrid materials
Authors: Toupance Thierry , de Borniol Mervyn , Hamzaoui Hicham El , Jousseaume Bernard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the field of functional organic–inorganic hybrid materials, recent trends in the chemistry based on trialkynylorganotins 1 and organically bridged α,ω‐bis(trialkynyltin) compounds 2 are reviewed. Compounds 1 reacted with non‐porous silica and nanoporous tin dioxide powders to yield hydrophobic, lipophobic or perylene dye‐modified oxide materials. The formation of MoxideOSnC bonds and the release of three molecules of alkyne led to the irreversible chemisorption of 1, the reaction rate and the chain loading depending on the electronic demand and the bulkiness of the organic group grafted. Furthermore, self‐assembled tin‐based class II hybrid materials were spontaneously formed by hydrolysis of 2 under homogeneous conditions as the two tin atoms were bridged through a rigid or a semi‐rigid linker. Subsequent thermal treatment of these hybrids under an oxygen flow at 400–500 °C furnished nanoporous tin dioxide materials consisting of a porous network of aggregated cassiterite tin dioxide particles. An unusual polymodal distribution of mesopore sizes was found in the case of the sample prepared from the hybrid containing the diphenylene spacer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular aspects of tin and lead chemistry
Authors: Haiduc Ionel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCross‐fertilization between organometallic and supramolecular chemistry opens new ways of understanding and interpreting the solid state structures, leading to a distinct new discipline. Intermolecular interactions of various types occur in solid state, leading to self‐assembly and self‐organization of organometallic molecular species. Self‐assembly through hydrogen bonds, dative (coordinate) bonds, soft‐soft (secondary bond) and pi‐bond interactions, illustrate the great diversity of the bonding motifs available for supramolecular self‐assembly in organotin and organolead chemistry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and structures of M(Me3SiNCHNSiMe3)3 (M = Al, Ga) via reactions of M‐hydrides with Me3SiNCNSiMe3
Authors: Ritter Cole , Chizmeshya Andrew V. G. , Gray T. L. , Kouvetakis J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReactions of LiAlH4 and LiGaH4 with Me3SiNCNSiMe3 yield, respectively, the monomeric hexacoordinate Al(Me3SiNCHNSiMe3)3 (1) and Ga(Me3SiNCHNSiMe3)3, (2) metal amidinate compounds. A unique feature of the work is the creation of the previously unknown bidentate [Me3SiNCHNSiMe3] anion ligand which shows the propensity to fully encapsulate the Al and Ga metal centers despite potential steric crowding associated with the six‐fold coordination. Compound 1 was also obtained by the reaction of (Me3N)AlH3 with Me3SiNCNSiMe3 via displacement of NMe3 followed by reduction of the carbodiimide group. The structural properties of 1 and 2 derived from single crystal X‐ray diffraction are elucidated and compared with various coordination analogs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of the first injectable poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel by mixing of functional PVA precursors
Authors: Ossipov Dmitri A. , Brännvall Karin , Forsberg‐Nilsson Karin , Hilborn Jöns 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this study we describe the development of an injectable, in situ chemical hydrogel forming system. The gelation occurs under neutral pH and at room temperature immediately upon mixing of the two aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol) components specifically derivatized through carbamate linkages with aldehyde (PVA‐AL) and hydrazide (PVA‐HY) functional groups, respectively. Aldehyde and hydrazide pendant groups were incorporated with a low degree of substitution (DS) into the PVA backbone to keep PVA structural homogeneity minimally altered. As a result, the hydrazone crosslinks are formed rapidly between aldehyde and hydrazide pendant groups when the correspondingly modified PVA components are brought in contact as water solutions. To assess in situ hydrazone crosslinks formation for in vitro cytocompatibility, murine neuroblastoma N2a cells were suspended in cell culture medium with the dissolved PVA‐HY prior to addition to the PVA‐AL aqueous solution. Thus, the cells were chemically encapsulated in a polymer network that was formed by mixing of the corresponding aqueous solutions of PVA functional precursors. Biochemical analysis revealed that cells survived chemical crosslinking and remained viable in the hydrogel for 4 days of culture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Nuclear localization and DNA binding of ecdysone receptor and ultraspiracle
Authors: Cronauer M.V. , Braun S. , Tremmel Ch. , Kröncke K.‐D. , Spindler‐Barth M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Ecdysone receptor (EcR) is distributed between cytoplasm and nucleus in CHO cells. Nuclear localization is increased by the ligand Muristerone A. The most important heterodimerization partner Ultraspiracle (Usp) is localized predominantly in the nucleus. We used the diethylentriamine nitric oxide adduct DETA/NO, which releases NO and destroys the zinc‐finger structure of nuclear receptors, to investigate whether nuclear EcR and Usp interact with DNA. If expressed separately, Usp and EcR in the absence of hormone do not interact with DNA. The hormone‐induced increase in nuclear EcR is due to enhanced DNA binding. In the presence of Usp, EcR is shifted nearly quantitatively into the nucleus. Only a fraction (approximately 30%) of the heterodimer is sensitive to DETA/NO. Interaction of the heterodimer with DNA is mediated mainly by the C‐domain of EcR. Deletion of the DNA‐binding domain of Usp only slightly reduces nuclear localization of EcR/Usp, although the nuclear localization signal of Usp is not present anymore. The results indicate that EcR and Usp can enter the nucleus independently, but cotransport of both receptors mediated by dimerization via the ligand binding domains is possible even in the absence of hormone. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:125–133, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and of ultraspiracle (Usp) from Drosophila melanogaster in mammalian cells: Energy requirement and interaction with exportin
Authors: Betanska Katarzyna , Nieva Claudia , Spindler‐Barth Margarethe , Spindler Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe small G protein Ran, which is important for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins is present, but does not interact with EcR, Usp, and EcR/Usp. As shown by oligomycin treatment, EcR, Usp, and EcR/Usp import is energy dependent. Export of EcR and EcR/Usp is mediated by exportin‐1 (CRM‐1) as shown by the inhibiting effect of leptomycin B (LMB). Usp remains in the nucleus for more than 24 h. Nuclear retainment of EcR and Usp is energy dependent as shown by treatment with oligomycin. No export signal could be identified for Usp. The data confirm that EcR and Usp can enter the nucleus independently and that intracellular localization is regulated individually for each receptor. It is also demonstrated that the export signal of EcR is inaccessible after heterodimerization with Usp. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:134–142, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of EcR gene switch technology in functional genomics
Authors: Tavva Venkata S. , Palli Subba R. , Dinkins Randy D. , Collins Glenn B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGenetic engineering of plants using transgenic technology is targeted to enhance agronomic performance or improved quality traits in a wide variety of plant species, and has become a fundamental tool for basic research in plant biotechnology. Constitutive promoters are presently the primary means used to express transgenes in plants. However, inducible gene regulation systems based on specific chemicals have many potential applications in agriculture and for enhancing the basic understanding of gene function. As a result, several gene switches have been developed. The ecdysone receptor gene switch is one of the best inducible gene regulation systems available, because the chemical, methoxyfenozide, required for its regulation is registered for field use. An EcR gene switch with a potential for use in large‐scale field applications has been developed by adopting a two‐hybrid format. In a two‐hybrid switch format, the GAL4 DNA binding domain (GAL4 DBD) was fused to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Choristoneura fumiferana ecdysone receptor (CfEcR); and, the VP16 activation domain (VP16 AD) was fused to the LBD of Locust migratoria retinoid X receptor (LmRXR). The sensitivity of the CfEcR gene switch was improved from micromolar to nanomolar concentrations of ligand by using the CfEcR:LmRXR two‐hybrid switch. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of CfEcR:LmRXR two‐hybrid gene switch in functional genomics applications for regulating the expression of a Superman‐like single zinc finger protein 11 (ZFP11) gene in both Arabidopsis and tobacco transgenic plants. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:164–179, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FeCl3‐Catalyzed Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Aromatic Olefins
Authors: Kischel Jette , Michalik Dirk , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA direct, intermolecular addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to styrenes in the presence of FeCl3 as an inexpensive and disposable catalyst has been developed for the straightforward and practical synthesis of arylated diketones and ketoesters. The reactions proceed under mild conditions for most substrates (50–80 °C), and no strong acid or base is required. The synthetic value of the method is demonstrated by 15 examples, including the synthesis of the current pharmaceutical drug warfarin in one step and 42 % yield from commercially available substrates.
Contribution of specific binding to the central benzodiazepine site to the brain concentrations of two novel benzodiazepine site ligands
Authors: Pike Andrew , Cook Susan M. , Watt Alan P. , Scott‐Stevens Paul , Rosahl Thomas W. , McKernan Ruth M. , Pym Luanda J. , Guiblin Alec , Moyes Christopher , Sohal Bindi , Atack John R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThein vivooccupancy of brain benzodiazepine binding sites by compounds A and B was measured using a [3H]Ro 15‐1788 binding assay and related to plasma and brain drug concentrations. The plasma concentration associated with 50% occupancy was higher for compound A than compound B (73 and 3.7 nM, respectively), however, there was little difference in the brain concentrations required (73 and 63 nM). Both compounds showed a non‐linear relationship between plasma and brain concentrations such that above brain concentrations of ∼100 nMincreasing plasma concentrations did not result in a concomitant increase in brain concentrations. This is consistent with brain concentrations being dependent on a saturable compartment which was postulated to be the benzodiazepine binding site‐containing GABAAreceptors. This hypothesis was tested in α1H101R mice, in which the α1 subunit of the GABAAreceptor is rendered insensitive to benzodiazepine binding resulting in an approximate 50% reduction in the total benzodiazepine‐containing GABAAreceptor population. It was shown that the Occ50brain concentrations in the α1H101R animals was lower (17 nM) than in wild type mice (63 nM), as was the plateau concentration in the brain (105 and 195 nM, respectively). These data suggest measured concentrations of compounds A and B in brain tissue are dependent on receptor expression with a minimal contribution from unbound and non‐specifically bound compound. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetic aspects of naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal in male and female prepubertal mice
Authors: Diaz Silvina L. , Hermida María P. , Joannas Leonel D. , Olivera Mónica , Ridolfi Adriana , Villaamil Edda C. , Balerio Graciela N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been shown that the expression of the morphine (MOR) withdrawal syndrome precipitated by naloxone (NAL) is more intense in male mice than in females, but the reasons for this phenomenon remain uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether this sexual dimorphism might be due to differences in MOR and/or NAL plasma levels after a chronic treatment with MOR. Prepubertal Swiss male and female mice were rendered dependent by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of MOR (2 mg/kg), twice daily for 9 days. On day 10 dependent mice received NAL (6 mg/kg, i.p.) 60 min after MOR injection. Blood samples were taken at different times in order to determine MOR and NAL plasma levels by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed no differences between male and female mice either for MOR or for NAL. In conclusion, although males and females respond differentially to NAL‐precipitated withdrawal, this dimorphic behavior would not be influenced by a pharmacokinetic factor. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of lenalidomide in rabbits
Authors: Christian Mildred S. , Laskin Oscar L. , Sharper Valerie , Hoberman Alan , Stirling David I. , Latriano Louise 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analog, is indicated for treatment of patients with deletion‐5q myelodysplastic syndromes or multiple myeloma. NZW rabbits were used because of sensitivity to thalidomide's teratogenicity. METHODS: Range‐finding and pulse‐dosing studies preceded a full developmental toxicity study in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits (25/group) given lenalidomide (0, 3, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day) or thalidomide (180 mg/kg/day) by stomach tube on gestation days (GD) 7–19. Clinical signs, body weights, and feed consumption were recorded daily from GD 7. On GD 29, standard maternal necropsy, uterine content, and fetal evaluations were carried out. RESULTS: In all studies, thalidomide was selectively toxic to development. In the pulse‐dosing study, lenalidomide did not affect development at 100 mg/kg/day. Increases in Cmax and AUC0–24 hr values for lenalidomide were slightly less than dose‐proportional; lenalidomide occurred in the fetuses. At 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, lenalidomide was maternally toxic (reduced body weight gain and feed consumption; at 20 mg/kg/day, weight loss and one abortion). Developmental toxicity at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day included reduced fetal body weights and increased postimplantation losses and fetal variations (morbidity/purple‐discolored skin, undeveloped intermediate lung lobe, irregular nasal‐frontal suture, and delayed metacarpal ossification). Thalidomide selectively reduced fetal body weight, increased postimplantation loss and caused characteristic limb and other dysmorphology. CONCLUSIONS: The maternal and developmental NOAELs for lenalidomide are 3 mg/kg/day. Unlike thalidomide, lenalidomide affected embryo–fetal development only at maternally toxic dosages, confirming that structure‐activity relationships may not predict maternal or developmental effects. No fetal malformations were attributable to lenalidomide. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.