bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL H‐2 SPECIFICITIES ON THE CELL SURFACE
Authors: Lengerová Alena , Pěknicová Jana , Pokorná Zora 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYStepwise incubation with specific H‐2 antibody and rabbit‐anti‐mouse Ig was used to modulate the expression of selected H‐2 specificities on the surface of lymph node cells or EL 4 leukaemia cells. Modulation was reflected in a loss of sensitivity to complement‐dependent lysis and a polar pattern of immunofluorescence (‘capping’). Specificity H‐2.5 on H‐2a cells was co‐modulated with H‐2.11 and so was H‐2.11 with H‐2.5 on H‐2k cells. However, when H‐2.11 on H‐2k cells was modulated, the cells did not loose cytotoxic sensitivity for H‐2.5. This asymmetry in co‐modulation of H‐2.5 and H‐2.11 may be accommodated by the duplication model of the H‐2 complex which postulates a double determination of H‐2.5 in the H‐2k (unlike H‐2a) chromosome, with one determinant being in the K region (where also the H‐2.11 determinant is located) and the other in H‐2D. The modulation results with H‐2.5 and H‐2.11 are compatible with the view that various H‐2K specificities may represent distinct antigenic sites on the same glycoprotein molecule whereas H‐2D specificities are on separate molecule(s). The independent modulation of H‐2D.4 and H‐2K.11 specificities further indicates that molecules of the two classes are also secondarily not linked in the membrane structure. Modulation‐induced cytotoxicity resistance was further shown to persist even when the specific H‐2 antibody is newly added; this suggests that it is a change in the distribution of the H‐2 antigen to be held responsible (rather than the loss of the sensitizing antibody).A modulated expression of a certain H‐2 specificity might then be expected to affect its blocking relationship to another H‐2 specificity; the blocking index expresses the degree of interference by antibody attached to one of them with the attachment of antibody to the other. The blocking relationship between H‐2.4 and H‐2.11 was shown to be completely abolished by the independent modulation of H‐2.11. In contrast to this, the blocking index for H‐2.5 and H‐2.11 remained practically constant following the modulation of either specificity; this indicates that the intramolecular configuration of such two H‐2 sites may not be altered by the gross redistribution of the whole molecule in the plane of the membrane. The rigidity of this configuration seems to be maintained by neuraminidase‐sensitive groups as suggested by the reduced blocking index in neuraminidase pretreated cell.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN INBRED RATS
Authors: Tada Nobuhiko , Itakura Katsuaki , Aizawa Miki 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe primary and secondary responses of rats to SRBC, measured by means of haemolytic antibody titres, showed strain differences. High‐responder strains produced high levels of antibodies of IgG and IgM. Low‐responder strain produced only low level of IgM antibody. With subsequent antigen challenge, only the high‐responder strains produced high titres of antibody. Low‐responder strain, in contrast, continued to make a low level of IgM antibody. Allogeneic transfer of spleen cells changed the low‐responder strain, Fischer rats, to produce anti‐SRBC IgG antibody. Fischer rats also showed low responses to OVA, BGG and to some ‘thymus independent antigens’. Genetic analyses showed the antibody production against SRBC and BGG was controlled by a single gene respectively. No linkage was found between Ir‐SRBC, Ir‐BGG, R (major histocompatibility) and c (coat colour) loci.
THE GENETIC LINKAGE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO POLY(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) TO THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LOCUS IN INBRED RATS *
Authors: Kunz Heinz W. , Gill, III Thomas J. , Borland Barbara 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe genetic control of the antibody response to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) was studied in twenty‐five strains of inbred rats representing a wide variety of major histocompatibility groups. Direct linkage studies, and three subsidiary lines of evidence, demonstrated that the control was linked to the major histocompatibility locus. All of the low responders (Ag‐B1, 3 and 6) made less than 65 μg of antibody/ml. In contrast, there were quantitatively significant differences among responders: the Ag‐B2 group was a moderate responder (200–500 μg antibody/ml) and the Ag‐B4 and Ag‐B5 groups were high responders (700–1400 μg/ml). The ability to form antibody segregated with the major histocompatibility allele in the F2 and back‐cross generations. Genetic factors other than those controlling the ability to respond influence the quantity of antibody formed: animals of the same genotype can make significantly different amounts of antibody, depending upon the crosses by which they acquire the major histocompatibility alleles.
TREATMENT OF P815 MASTOCYTOMA IN DBA/2 MICE WITH RNA
Authors: Jachertz D. , Egger Marliese 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA cell‐free system prepared from spleen cells of DBA/2 mice was stimulated by P815 tumour cells as antigen. The response of the cell‐free system to this stimulation was a synthesis of i‐RNA in the cell free system. The i‐RNA was isolated by a combined phenol‐Na‐dodecyl‐sulphate extraction method and purified by gradient centrifugation. This i‐RNA was injected to DBA/2 mice to which P815 tumour cells were implanted at different time intervals before the i‐RNA application. It could be demonstrated that the i‐RNA inhibits the development of tumour. Theoretical and practical implications of the experiments are discussed.
IDENTIFICATION OF TWO ANTIGENICALLY DISTINCT b‐NEGATIVE LIGHT CHAINS IN RABBITS UNDERGOING TOTAL b LOCUS SUPPRESSION
Authors: Jefferis R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo antigenically distinct populations of b‐negative light chains have been identified in the serum of two b locus homozygous rabbits undergoing total b locus suppression. Whilst one population of molecules is readily detected in all rabbit sera and represents the previously described lambda chain, a second and minor population of b‐negative molecules is detected which is readily detected in normal rabbit serum only rarely. Thus, it appears that it is not specificities of the c7‐, c‐21 system that are being detected but rather a previously unrecognized allotypic system or the products of a different light chain locus.
THE INHERITANCE OF HL‐A ANTIGENS IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: Dick Heather M. , Behan P. O. , Simpson J. A. , Durward W. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThirty‐one patients with myasthenia gravis were studied for their HL‐A antigen expression. Eighteen patients had family members available for HL‐A typing, and full genotyping for HL‐A antigens was possible. The inheritance of HL‐A8 was studied in detail, and it was noted that this did not correlate exactly with the development of myasthenia gravis. The multifactorial nature of the genetic component of this disease was confirmed by these studies.
REACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN HUMAN MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE
Authors: Opelz Gerhard , Kiuchi Masahiro , Takasugi Mitsuo 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYLoss of antigenicity in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction of lymphocytes precultured at 22°C for 7–10 days was accompanied by a decrease in bone‐marrow‐derived lymphocytes (B cells) from 22 ± 1% to 13 ± 1%, and an increase in thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T cells) from 65 ± 2% to 83 ± 1% (P < 0.001). Depletion of B cells from a fresh lymphocyte suspension by either antihuman immunoglobulin‐coated column fractionation or by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette formation resulted in a significant reduction of the cell's ability to stimulate in MLC (P < 0.001). Coating of lymphocytes with rabbit antihuman brain serum abrogated their ability to respond but not the ability to stimulate in MLC.
Ia ANTIGENS ON MURINE LYMPHOID CELLS: DISTRIBUTION, SURFACE MOVEMENT AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION*
Authors: Goding J. W. , Nossal G. J. V. , Shreffler D. C. , Marchalonis J. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAntisera directed against the I (immune response gene) segment of the murine major histocompatibility complex were prepared, and the distribution of lymphoid cells binding the antisera studied by radioautography. A clear bimodal distribution of grain counts was observed in lymph node and spleen. Bone marrow lymphocytes showed heavy but heterogeneous labelling, while thymocytes were lightly but definitely labelled. Approximately 30% of lymph node cells and 60% of spleen cells were heavily labelled. The heavily labelled cells were shown to be B cells. Ia antigens are present on plaque forming cells, but probably in smaller amounts than on resting B cells. One plasma cell tumour was studied, and was found to possess little or no Ia antigen.There was no demonstrable labelling of thoracic duct lymphocytes from preparations of T cells activated to histocompatibility antigens. However, several T cell lymphomas probably possess Ia antigens, since they were rejected when transplanted into mice differing at the I region. Overall, the data indicate that Ia antigens are expressed on at least some T cells.The Ia antigens were shown to move independently of surface immunoglobulin on B cells, demonstrating the non‐identity of these molecules. Pretreatment of B cells with anti‐immunoglobulin did not inhibit binding of anti‐Ia sera. The Ia antigens could be capped by a sandwich technique in 75% of labelled cells.The Ia antigens were specifically precipitated from lysates of surface radioiodinated spleen cells, and the products analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. A single specific peak of radioactivity corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 30,000 was found. The significance of these results in relation to immune response genes, receptors for antigen on T cells, and receptors for the Fc portion of IgG on B cells, is discussed.
GENETIC STUDIES IN INBRED RATS. III. HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TYPE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF SOME MUTANT STOCKS*
Authors: Kunz Heinz W. , Thomas J. Gill , Hansen Carl T. , Poloskey Paul E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEight mutant stocks of rats were typed for their histocompatibility (Ag‐B) and red cell (Ag‐C) antigens and were evaluated for their antibody responses to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15). The antibody responses were those predicted from the histocompatibility type, except for the B stock. These animals made a high antibody response, although their histocompatibility alleles were those normally associated with a low response.
PIG SERUM HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN ANTIGEN REACTIVE WITH ANTISERA TO THE HL 1 RABBIT ALLOTYPE*
Authors: Berg Kåre , Børresen Anne‐Lise , Bakke Håvard 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn allotypic system of rabbit serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been reported previously from our laboratory. Homospecific rabbit sera revealed an antigen termed Hl 1, which is governed by autosomal dominant inheritance.An unexpected degree of cross‐reactivity is described in this paper. Rabbit anti‐Hl 1 sera were found to cross‐react with a component present in pig serum. This component was found in all pig sera tested thus far, and there is therefore no evidence that it reflects an allotypic system in the pig.Fractionation in the preparative ultracentrifuge revealed that the component in pig serum resides in the HDL fraction. The antigenic resemblance between the component in pig serum and the rabbit Hl 1 antigen is considerable, as judged from experiments with antisera available at present. Immunological cross‐reactivity of the described type may be more wide‐spread than hitherto assumed.
EFFECT OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS ON LYMPHOCYTE HL‐A ANTIGENS IN VITRO
Authors: Mäjský A. , Chudomel V. , Jakoubková J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe effect of chemotherapeutics on the lymphocyte HL‐A antigens in vitro depends on the character of the preparation and on the individual variability of the lymphocytes. There is no general parallelism between the effects on the cytotoxic reactivity and absorption capacity. Sometimes both activities are suppressed, sometimes only the absorption capacity is reduced and the treated lymphocytes are polyreactive in the cytotoxic test.Alexan was ineffective. TS 160, cytembena and alkeran reduced the absorption capacity of the HL‐A antigens already after 2‐hr treatment of the lymphocytes, whereas in the cytotoxic test the lymphocytes were polyreactive owing to their remarkable damage caused by these substances. Cyclophosphamide was able to reduce the absorption capacity of HL‐A antigens only after 20 hr at 20°C or after 2 hr of exposure to a higher dose of the substance. After the 2‐hr treatment the lymphocytes showed various types of effect in the cytotoxic test—sometimes their reactivity remained unaltered, sometimes it disappeared; in other cases they became polyreactive and after 20‐hr incubation the cytotoxic reactivity was lost. The effect of methotrexate on the absorption capacity of HL‐A antigens was the same as that of cyclophosphamide, whereas by contrast, the cytotoxic reactivity remained unaltered after 2‐hr incubation; after longer periods of time the lymphocytes become polyreactive. Vincristin suppressed the absorption capacity only after the 20‐hr exposure and thus treated lymphocytes were polyreactive. After the 2‐hr incubation the effect was the same as that for cyclophosphamide.
GENETIC STUDIES IN INBRED RATS. V. XENOANTISERA AGAINST TWO MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS RAISED BY IMMUNIZATION WITH RED CELLS
Authors: Poloskey Paul E. , Kunz Heinz W. , Gill Thomas J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYXenoantisera were raised in New Zealand white rabbits by immunizing with red blood cells from the S5B (Ag‐B1) and ALB or BUF (Ag‐B6) strains of inbred rats. By appropriate absorptions, specific Ag‐B1, but not Ag‐B6, reagent antiserum could be made. The anti‐Ag‐B antibodies required Ficoll as a diluent for haemagglutination, implying that they are IgG.
ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN VITRO. XII. ACTIVITY OF RECONSTITUTED AND HYBRID RECOMBINED RIBOSOMES IN CELL FREE SYNTHESIS OF ANTIBODY*
Authors: Jachertz D. , Trachsel H. , Hoida‐Werner Ada 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn a cell free system derived from peripheral human leucocytes an informative RNA (i‐RNA) was synthesized after antigenic stimulation with benzoyl‐penicilloyl‐formyl‐l‐lysine (BPoFLys). This i‐RNA was used to synthesize antibody in a second cell free system. The ribosomes used in the antibody synthesizing system were derived from peripheral human leucocytes, from human lymphoblasts CCRF and from HeLa cells. Furthermore, hybrid recombined ribosomes from 60S HeLa‐subunits and 45 S CCRF‐subunits as well as from 45S HeLa‐ and 60S CCRF‐subunits were used to synthesize antibody. Only ribosomes from peripheral human leucocytes, from CCRF‐cells and hybrid recombined ribosomes from 60S HeLa‐ and 45S CCRF‐subunits were able to synthesize antibody in the cell free system. Antibody synthesized in the cell free system was detected by phage neutralization test and by equilibrium dialysis. By these methods new markers could be demonstrated which are essential for the differentiation to an antibody synthesizing cell.
CROSS‐REACTIONS AND DETERMINANT STRUCTURE OF HUMAN FIBRIN‐STABILIZING FACTOR (FACTOR XIII)
Authors: Bauer K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn continuation of earlier investigations the determinant structure of human fibrin‐stabilizing factor (factor XIII) was analysed by comparative determinant analysis (CDA). Two determinants, P1 and A were distinguished; P1 is shared with all subhuman primates studied, while it is missing on all non‐primate homologues. A is found on both primate and non‐primate homologues. The possible presence of an additional network determinant is discussed. There is no human species‐specific determinant.
New Books and Reviews
Authors: Bauer K. 
Published: April 2007

Book Review in this Artile Electrophoresis and Isoelectric Focusing in Polyacrylamide Gel, Edited by R. C. Allen, Walter de Gruyter Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Edited by W. Arber, R. Haas, W. Henle, P. H. Hofschneider, J. H. Humphrey, N. K. Jerne, P. Koldovsk, H. Koprowski, O. Maaløe, R. Rott, H. G. Schweiger, M. Sela, L. Syruček, P. K. Vogt, E. Wecker Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Edited by W. Arber, R. Haas, W. Henle, P. H. Hofschneider, J. H. Humphrey, N. K. Jerne, P. Koldovsk, H. Koprowski, O. Maaløe, R. Rott, H. G. Schweiger, M. Sela, L. Syruček, P. K. Vogt, E. Wecker Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution, M. Nei (Frontiers of Biology, Vol. 40, Editors A. Neuberger, E. L. Tatum)
THE GENETIC BASIS OF ANTIGENIC STRENGTH IN HEART AND SKIN ALLOGRAFTING
Authors: Festenstein H. , Huber Brigitte , Keeling Valerie , Démant P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThirty‐one combinations of congenic and recombinant mouse strains were tested for heart and skin allograft survival times with and without ALS and the results compared with those obtained for MLR and CML. Although the genes for Lads, Ir and Ia specificities are all in the K end, on the average no greater strength of K end incompatibilities than D end were found. Some of the shortest survivals were D region only incompatible.We specifically wanted to find out if there were any special genes concerned with the control of antigenic strength within the H‐2 complex and if so, did they correlate with those already described for CML—the effector cell stimulating or ECS genes. We found no evidence that the ECS genes in themselves were concerned with allograft strength but instead found evidence for certain genes in the I region and others outside the I region which could be acting as allograft potentiating genes. In some combinations there was an association with the ECS genes and the allograft potentiating genes, and we concluded that in these combinations the two types were closely linked but separate.We wanted to know if there was a specific lymphocyte subpopulation concerned with antigenic strength that was sensitive to ALS; the results of our experiments were consistent with this hypothesis but did not prove it.
THE INFLUENCE OF M‐LOCUS INCOMPATIBILITY ON TOOTH GERM ALLOGRAFTS
Authors: Bártová Jiřina , Iványi Dagmar 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe histocompatibility effect of M‐locus was tested by tooth germ grafts transplanted from newborn F1 hybrid (BALB/c x DBA/2) female mice to adult back‐cross BALB/c x (BALB/c x DBA/2) F1 female mice, typed for M‐locus.The number of surviving grafts was significantly higher in M‐locus compatible than M‐locus incompatible recipients and the allograft reaction was significantly more pronounced in M‐locus incompatible recipients.
INACTIVATION OF HL‐A ANTIGENS IN VITRO BY ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Májský A. , Chudomel V. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe effect of antibiotics on lymphocyte HL‐A antigens in vitro is of variable character. All antibiotics under examination suppressed the absorption capacity of HL‐A antigens after 2 hr of lymphocyte treatment at 37°C. Ceporin and Kanamytrex inhibited even the cytotoxic reactivity of H1‐A antigens after 15–30 min of lymphocyte treatment. Chloramphenicol, aureomycin, streptomycin and oleandomycin, on the contrary, increased the specific cytotoxic reactivity of HL‐A antigens after 15–30 min, after 1 hr they were ineffective for HL‐A antigens, and after two or more hours they produced polyreactivity. Penicillin and erythromycin produced polyreactivity after only 15–30 min. The results show that for the follow‐up of the drug effect on HL‐A antigens the absorption test rather than the cytotoxicity test is of importance. The suppressed absorption capacity of HL‐A antigens caused by the action of antibiotics proves their inactivation effect on the lymphocytes. The possibility of an analogous effect of antibiotics on lymphocyte HL‐A antigens, even after administration to patients, is discussed.
EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS ON THE CYTOTOXIC REACTION BETWEEN HL‐A ANTIGENS AND CORRESPONDING SERA
Authors: Májský A. , Chudomel V. , Jakoubková J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEffects of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics on the interaction between the HL‐A antigens and the corresponding lymphocytotoxic sera vary from case to case. Streptomycin, oleandomycin, cephaloridine and kanamycin completely inhibit the cytotoxic reaction when added in the first or second stage of the test. Cytembena weakens the reaction while chlortetracyclin exhibits various effects. The rest of the drugs under investigation proved ineffective.
THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX OF THE GUINEA‐PIG
Authors: Geczy A. F. , Weck A. L. de 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe relationship between the mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) and the serologically‐defined antigens controlled by genes in the guinea‐pig B locus (equivalent to the murine D or K region) and I region was investigated in various inbred and partially inbred strains and in guinea‐pig families homozygous for their GPLA alleles. No MLR reactions could be detected among guinea‐pig families of a closed colony which had been bred to homozygosity for their GPLA antigens. By contrast, animals which differed in their I region showed strong MLR reactivity. Animals with identical I regions as judged by four serologically‐defined specificities only, but differ with respect to B locus determinants, yield appreciably lower MLR responses. It appears that in the guinea‐pig, as in other mammalian species, the antigenic systems responsible for MLR reactivity are controlled primarily by genes identical with or closely linked to the I region of the major histocompatibility complex.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO FERRITIN IN MICE
Authors: Young C. R. , Deacon N. J. , Ebringer A. , Davies D. A. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe immune response to the antigen horse spleen ferritin was tested in sixteen inbred strains of mice. Using a fixed antigen percentage bound isotope technique, it was found that the quantity of antibody produced was related to the genetic status of the responding animal. A continuous distribution of responses was obtained, which were found to be linked to H‐2 loci and the 2 non‐H‐2 loci ‘Tla’ and ‘Theta’ and these responses are detectable following primary immunization. It is suggested that the continuous distribution of quantitative antibody responses to ferritin, is compatible either with a large number of IR‐genes or with a cross tolerance hypothesis requiring no IR‐genes at all.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE IN MICE
Authors: Baker P. J. , Amsbaugh Diana F. , Prescott B. , Stashak P. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRecombinant‐inbred strains of mice, as well as the progenitor strains from which they were derived, were evaluated with respect to the capacity of B cells to respond to an optimally immunogenic dose of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS‐III) and the amount of suppressor and amplifier T cell activity present. None of these functional activities was found to be linked to genes within the major histocompatibility (H‐2) or the IgCH allotype complex, and several autosomal genes appeared to govern the expression of each of these characteristics.
PGM3 LOCUS AND ITS GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN LEUCOCYTES OF GOATS
Authors: Pretorius A. M. G. , Schmid D. O. , Osterhoff D. R. , Albert E. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPGM3 activity was investigated in 150 ‘Boerbok’ goats and 132 Angora goats by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. In ‘Boerbok’ goats no polymorphism was found. In Angora goats three different phenotypes have been recognized: F, S, and FS. The results suggest the occurrence of two common alleles: PGM3‐F and PGM3‐S at an autosomal locus with frequencies of 0.6176 and 0.3824, respectively.