bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell attachment, growth characteristics and surface morphology of human upper‐respiratory tract epithelium cultured on extracellular matrix
Authors: WIESEL JOCHANAN M. , GAMIEL HAIM , VLODAVSKY ISRAEL , GAY ISSAC , BEN‐BASSAT HANNAH 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The advantageous utilization of nasal polypoid tissue as a source for human epithelial cells and the dramatic effect of extracellular matrix on growth and differentiation of these cells were demonstrated. Plating on extracellular matrix induced rapid, firm, cell attachment and flattening of the explants, promoted cell outgrowth as well as long‐term survival of epithelial cells in primary cultures. Prominent ciliary activity was observed on the cells of the explant and on the cells in the outgrowth. These cells could be maintained on the extracellular matrix coated dishes for prolonged periods even after removal of the explant, with the cells in the outgrowth covering the region occupied by the removed explant. Prominent ciliary activity, which is considered one of the main criteria for cell viability and differentiation, continued also in the absence of the explant.The present system for cultivation of human upper respiratory tract epithelial cells on extracellular matrix might prove of value in analysing effects of chemother‐apeutic agents that influence normal differentiation as well as the effects of viral and chemical carcinogens on these cells in human respiratory disease.
The identification of urinary bile alcohols by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in patients with liver disease and in healthy individuals
Authors: LUDWIG‐KÖHN HELGA , HENNING H. V. , SZIEDAT ASTRID , MATTHAEI D. , SPITELLER G. , REINER J. , EGGER H.‐J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The neutral steroid fractions in the urine of eleven patients suffering from various forms of liver disease with cholestasis and of ten healthy individuals were studied by glass capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The steroid conjugates in urine were enzymatically solvolysed, the liberated steroids extracted and transformed into the trimethylsilylether for measurements.The excretion rates of androstane and pregnane metabolites of patients with liver disease were far lower than those of healthy persons. The main compounds in the urine of the former were the bile alcohols 27 ‐ nor ‐3α, 7α, 12α, 24, 25 ‐ pentahydroxy ‐ 5β ‐ cholestane and 3α, 7α, 12α, 25, 26 ‐ pentahydroxy ‐ 5β ‐ cholestane. Our data suggest a correlation between the excretion rates of these bile alcohols and the serum levels of bilirubin. While the excretion rate of the two bile alcohols in the urine of healthy individuals was approximately 0.24 mg/24 h (0.6 μmol/24 h) a patient with a serum bilirubin of 841 μmol/1 excreted 4 mg/24 h (9 μmol/24 h). The accumulation of bile alcohols described in this study possibly indicates alternative pathways of cholic acid formation in liver disease.
Faecal excretion of bile acids and neutral steroids on diets differing in type and amount of dietary fat in young healthy persons
Authors: BRUSSAARD J. H. , KATAN M. B. , HAUTVAST J. G. A. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of different amounts and types of dietary fat on faecal steroid excretion in healthy volunteers was examined. In the first experiment with sixty volunteers four diets which differed in type and amount of dietary fat only were compared during a test‐period of 5 weeks. Faeces were collected during 7 days before and at the end of the test period and analysed individually. In the second experiment with thirty‐five volunteers, a low fat diet containing 22% of energy as total fat (4% as polyunsaturated fatty acids) was compared with a moderate fat diet (30% of energy as total fat; 11% as polyunsaturated fatty acids) during 13 weeks. Faeces were collected during the first 7 days of the test period and during 7 consecutive days near the end of the test period and pooled per dietary group.Excretion of faecal neutral steroids and bile acids was not significantly influenced by amounts of total fat ranging from 22% to 40% of daily energy or by differences in polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio from 0.2 to 1.7. The only exception was the excretion of bile acids in the second experiment which was 0.19 mmol/24 h (75 mg/24 h) higher on the low fat diet than on the moderate fat, high polyunsaturated fat diet (P < 0.01).
Clinical significance of serum hydroxyproline‐containing peptides with special reference to hyproprotein
Authors: YAMADA SADAKO , HIRAYAMA CHISATO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Serum hydroxyproline‐containing peptides were separated into three fractions, i.e. large protein, polypeptide and smaller peptides, by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200. The large protein was presumed to be the Clq subunit of the first component of complement by an immunological analysis. The polypeptide had an electrophoretic mobility corresponding to β‐globulin and its molecular weight was estimated between 35 000 and 45 000 by gel filtration analysis. The polypeptide might well be defined as hyproprotein. The molecular weight of smaller peptides was estimated between 1400 and 3000.As compared with the control value, hyproprotein levels were significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic liver disease. Clq levels were slightly lowered in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and were slightly increased in chronic liver disease but were not significant. In all patient groups smaller peptides levels remained in the normal range. These results suggest that serum hyproprotein levels are raised in some fibroproliferative disorders, probably reflecting collagen metabolism.
Normal and low molecular weight heparins: interaction with human platelets
Authors: FABRIS F. , FUSSI F. , CASONATO A. , VISENTIN L. , RANDI M. , SMITH M. R. , GIROLAMI A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Porcine mucosal heparin was chemically depolymerized. The depolymerization was stopped at different steps to obtain two low molecular weight (LMW) heparins with a molecular weight of 10 000 and 6000, respectively. The LMW heparins were tested in vitro for anti‐clotting activities and for platelet serotonin release in different systems in comparison with normal heparins, dermatan and heparan sulphate.After addition of various amounts of heparin preparations to washed platelets, no significant release was observed for all tested heparins. On the contrary, different heparins showed an inhibition of serotonin‐release induced by collagen in platelet rich plasma, whereas the ADP‐induced release was increased. The effect on the platelet release appears related to the molecular weight. In fact, it is significant only for normal heparins whereas it is not for LMW heparins. A good relation was observed, also, between anti‐activated factor X activity/antiglobal clotting activity (Xa/APTT) ratio of different heparins and the effect on platelet release.
Liver damage associated with occupational exposure to organic solvents in house painters
Authors: DØSSING MARTIN , ARLIEN‐SØBORG PETER , PETERSEN LISBETH MILLING , RANEK LEO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Among 156 patients admitted to hospital because of suspected solvent intoxication or dementia following long‐term occupational exposure to organic solvents, twenty‐three had elevated aminotransferases in serum. In thirteen of these no particular cause of this elevation could be found and the chronic exposure to aliphatic and aromatic organic solvents is therefore likely to have played a pathogenetic role and a liver biopsy was performed.Liver histology revealed significant steatosis in eleven patients and in six of these focal necroses were also observed. Moreover, six of the biopsies showed enlarged portal tracts with fibrosis. Necrosis was only observed in liver specimens from patients who recently had been exposed to solvents.A causal relation between occupational exposure to aliphatic and aromatic organic solvents such as white spirit, xylene, toluene and styrene, and toxic liver injury is suggested by this descriptive study but needs confirmation.
Immune function during ageing in man: relation between serological abnormalities and cellular immune status
Authors: LOKHORST H. M. , LINDEN J. A. van der , SCHUURMAN H. J. , MEYLING F. H. J. GMELIG , BAST E. J. E. G. , GAST G. C. de 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In a group of 176 apparently healthy aged people living at home (age range 62–86 years) the prevalences of monoclonal immunoglobulin and of autoantibodies did not differ from those found in other studies, but remarkably 38% of the people studied had cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies. The occurrence of serological abnormalities showed no age dependency.The participants were grouped according to serological abnormalities. The various groups showed no differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell composition (concentration of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes or of T lymphocyte subsets with OKT 4 and OKT 8 phenotype) or function (lymphocyte stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and antigen cocktail). Compared with a control group of young blood donors, the lymphocyte stimulation responses tended to be lower in the old age groups. It is concluded that, as measured in this study, humoral abnormalities during ageing are not associated with changes in B and T lymphocyte subsets or function.
Raised plasma levels of thromboxane B2 in systemic mastocytosis
Authors: OUWENDIJK R. J. T. , ZIJLSTRA F. J. , WILSON J. H. P. , BONTA I. L. , VINCENT J. E. , STOLZ E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α were measured in six patients with systemic mastocytosis. Patients with systemic mastocytosis had significantly higher plasma thromboxane B2 levels (530 ± 105 pg/ml, mean ± SEM) than controls (118 ± 8.2 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and significantly lower 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α levels (40 ± 3.1 pg/ml, mean ± SEM) than controls (49 ± 1.6 pg/ml, P < 0.05).The mechanism of the raised plasma thromboxane B2 levels is not clear. One possible explanation is that the high thromboxane levels are secondary to an increased production of leukotrienes C and D, which are constituents of slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis.
Effects of retrograde luminal perfusion of the canine jejunum on intestinal absorption and myoelectrical activity
Authors: MITCHELL ANDREW , COLLIN JACK , DENTON TERENCE G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effects of retrograde luminal perfusion of a 75 cm jejunal segment on absorption, transit time and myoelectrical activity were studied in four dogs. Retrograde perfusion increased jejunal absorption of water (0.016–0.021 ml cm intestinal length‐1 min‐1; P < 0.001) together with sodium (1.15‐1.82 μmol cm‐1 min‐1; P < 0.001) and glucose (1.98‐2.27 μmol cm‐1 min‐1; P < 0.01). Mean jejunal transit time was prolonged (9.2–13.9 min; P < 0.001) and jejunal spike activity was reduced compared with antegrade perfusion (14.5—4% of slow wave frequency; P < 0.01).These results suggest that the reversal of small bowel segments in the treatment of the short bowel syndrome can result in an increase in absorption from the reversed segment itself in addition to any effect from delayed transit in the proximal bowel.
Radionuclide quantification of mitral and aortic regurgitation
Authors: FOLMER S. C. C. REINDERS , KOSTER R. W. , RIVIÈRE A. V. LA , DUNNING A. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Gated equilibrium bloodpool scintigraphy was used to obtain the ratio of left and right ventricular stroke counts (end‐diastolic minus end‐systolic counts within ventricular areas of interest), the radionuclide equivalent of stroke volumes. This ratio or stroke count index (SCI) should be unity in normal subjects and increased in patients with aortic or mitral regurgitation, when left ventricular stroke output rises to compensate for regurgitant flow.Results of this non‐invasive method were compared with semiquantitative angiographic grading of mitral (1 to 4+) or aortic (1 to 3+) regurgitation in ninety‐seven patients. We found a SCI of 1.15 ± 0.18 (SD) in thirty‐six control subjects without evidence of mitral or aortic regurgitation at cardiac catheterization. Subsequently, a ratio of 1.50 was chosen as the upper limit of normal for the analysis of thirty‐seven patients with mitral regurgitation and twenty‐four patients with aortic regurgitation. Clearly, elevated SCI values were obtained in the presence of grade 3 and 4 mitral regurgitation (eighteen out of twenty patients) and of grade 2 and 3 aortic regurgitation (seventeen out of eighteen patients). Only two out of seventeen subjects with grade 1 or 2 mitral incompetence had an elevated SCI, while none of six subjects with grade I aortic regurgitation had an abnormal SCI. If these lesser degrees of valvular incompetence are considered of minor significance, overall sensitivity of the radionuclide method in our patient population was 92%, specificity 95%. Occasional discrepancies between SCI and angiographic severity of left‐sided valvular regurgitation are probably a result of methodological limitations. We could not demonstrate any relation with global left ventricular function as measured from the radionuclide ejection fraction.We conclude that the SCI may be used as a non‐invasive tool for diagnosis and management of patients with valvular heart disease, both before and after interventions.
Effects of induced hypotension on breathing pattern in halothane‐anaesthetized man
Authors: HANNHART BERNARD , BERTRAND DOMINIQUE , PESLIN RENÉ , BOHADANA ABRAHAM 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effects of hypotension induced by trimetaphan on ventilatory control were assessed in sixteen normal subjects under halothane anaesthesia. The breathing pattern, mouth occlusion pressures, lung mechanics, acid‐base balance, and arterial blood gases were analysed before and during trimetaphan infusion. During induced hypotension, the only significant change in the ventilatory variables was an increase in the ratio of inspiratory duration to total cycle duration from 0.39 ± 0.05 (SD) to 0.42 ± 0.03; P < 0.01. The average minute ventilation remained unchanged. No modification in lung mechanics was observed, but all subjects developed a slight but significant hypocapnic alkalosis: PaCO2 was reduced from 5.5 ± 0.4 to 5.2 ± 0.4 kPa (P± 0.001) and pH increased from 7.34 to 7.36 (P < 0.05), without change in standard bicarbonate concentration.Our data indicate that the reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity induced by trimetaphan infusion in spontaneously breathing man causes only a minor alveolar hyperventilation. The weak respiratory response to hypotension suggests that changing peripheral afferent activity has little influence on the typically rapid breathing pattern induced by halothane.
The effect of high‐resistance training on the strength and cross‐sectional area of the human quadriceps
Authors: YOUNG A. , STOKES M. , ROUND J. M. , EDWARDS R. H. T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Seventeen volunteers performed unilateral strength‐training of the quadriceps with high‐resistance, low‐repetition, dynamic exercise, thrice weekly for an average of 5 weeks. Both before and after the training period, bilateral measurements were made of isometric quadriceps strength, quadriceps cross‐sectional area (by ultrasound scanning), and thigh circumference.There were no significant changes in the untrained thighs. The trained quadriceps increased their isometric strength by more than they changed their cross‐sectional area (mean increments = 15% and 6% respectively). Quadriceps hypertrophy was underestimated by measurements of thigh circumference and could not be predicted from them.We conclude that studies of localized muscle growth require direct measurements of the size of the muscle(s) concerned. Nevertheless, these may still underestimate the improvements in strength produced by high‐resistance training.
Phenytoin modulates the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and the pharmacodynamics of prednisolone as assessed by the inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in humans
Authors: FREY BRIGITTE M. , FREY FELIX J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Following induction of the microsomal liver enzymes, lower total prednisolone concentrations in plasma and an altered pattern of the prednisolone metabolites generated were observed. The purpose of the present study was to establish whether—as a consequence of an enhanced clearance—lower unbound concentrations of prednisolone in plasma are detectable after enzyme induction and to determine if the altered prednisolone metabolism modulates the biological effect.Before and during phenytoin dosage in ten volunteers, the mean (±SD) total body clearance (ml min‐1 kg‐1) of both total and unbound prednisolone increased from 2·74±0·47 to 3·94±0·66 (P<0·001) and from 10·76±2·68 to 16·00±3·17 (P<0·001), respectively. These increments were due to increased non‐renal clearances. The immunosuppressive activity as a function of time in plasma determined as the percent inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction decreased by one third after phenytoin dosing, while the EC50 values of unbound prednisolone were unaffected. Thus enzyme induction decreases both the unbound prednisolone concentration and the steroid efficacy.
Serum lipids and apolipoproteins A‐I, A‐II and B in primary hypothyroidism before and during treatment
Authors: MULS ERIK , ROSSENEU MARYVONNE , BLATON VICTOR , LESAFFRE EMMANUEL , LAMBERIGTS GERARD , MOOR PIETER DE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) A‐I, A‐II, and B were measured in twenty‐four patients with severe primary hypothyroidism (Thyrotropin above 40 mU/l), before and during l‐thyroxine treatment. Apo A‐I, A‐II, and B were assayed by immunonephelometry, using monospecific antisera.The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and of the major LDL apoprotein, apo B, were markedly increased in the untreated hypothyroid patients compared to the values during therapy (TC: mean±SD, 8·87±2·9 v. 5·48±1·6 mmol/l; LDLc: 6·66±2·6 v. 3·78±1·4 mmol/l; apo B: 1·66±0·48 v. 1·14±0·37 g/l; P<0·00001 for all variables). High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) was slightly higher before than during therapy (1·58±0·7 v. 1·31±0·4 mmol/l; P<0·05), while the main HDL apoprotein, apo A‐I, was significantly elevated (1·49±0·42 v. 1·13±0·27 g/l; P<0·0002). The increase of the second major HDL apoprotein, apo A‐II, was less pronounced (0·33±0·1 v. 0·30±0·08 g/l; P<0·022). The apo A‐I to apo A‐II ratio, which reflects the relative concentrations of the HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, was significantly higher before than during treatment (P<0·0006). Serum triglyceride levels were moderately elevated in the untreated hypothyroid patients (1·34±0·6 v. 0·95±0·4 mmol/l; P<0·002). The small decrease in body weight during therapy did not correlate with the changes of the various lipid and apoprotein parameters.These data indicate that severe hypothyroidism has a differential influence on the serum concentrations of the major HDL apoproteins, A‐I and A‐II, and suggest that hypothyroidism is associated with an increase of HDL2 relative to HDL3.
Effects of methylprednisolone on the Fc‐receptor function of human reticuloendothelial system in vivo
Authors: HOYOUX CLAIRE , FOIDART JACQUELINE , RIGO PIERRE , MAHIEU PHILIPPE , GEUBELLE FERNAND 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To determine whether the Fc‐receptor function of reticuloendothelial system (RES) is modified by corticosteroid administration, we studied the spleen to liver uptake ratios of autologous, 99Tc‐labelled heatdamaged or IgG‐coated erythrocytes, injected intravenously into 10 normal volunteers, 4 h after receiving a single dose of 32 mg of methylprednisolone by mouth.In standard conditions, quantitative scans indicated that the spleen to liver uptake ratios, calculated per unit area 40 min after the injection of labelled erythrocytes, were 13·4 ± 0·6 and 31·2 ± 1·5 (mean values ± ‐SEM), for the heat‐damaged (n= 7) and IgG‐coated red cells (n= 5) respectively. Four hours after corticosteroid administration, the spleen to liver uptake ratios were significantly reduced in five of ten volunteers. Abnormal ratios correlated with the Fc‐receptor function of monocytes measured in vitro using IgG‐coated erythrocytes. Indeed, 2–6 h after methylprednisolone was given, the Fc‐receptor binding activity of monocytes isolated from the same five subjects was reduced by at least 50%, spontaneously returning to a rather normal value 4–6 h later. The C3‐receptor binding activity of these monocytes remained normal, after otherwise identical experimental conditions.These results show a transient, specific impairment of the Fc‐receptor function of RES after methylprednisolone administration, and may therefore explain, in part, the infectious complications occurring in some patients treated by corticosteroids.
Bufuralol metabolism in human liver: a sensitive probe for the debrisoquine‐type polymorphism of drug oxidation
Authors: MINDER ELISABETH I. , MEIER PETER J. , MÜLLER HEINZ K. , MINDER CHRISTOPH , MEYER URS A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The genetically controlled polymorphism causing decreased metabolism of debrisoquine is closely related to that of the metabolism of bufuralol and numerous other drugs and has important clinical consequences. A sensitive in vitro assay was developed which quantifies the production of 1′‐hydroxy‐bufuralol (carbinol) from bufuralol in human liver microsomes. Initial formation rates of carbinol suggested Michaelis‐Menten kinetics with an apparent KM of 61 and 171 μmol l‐1 and Vmax of 3·2 and 5·8 nmol mg‐1 microsomal protein h‐1 in two human liver samples. The Vmax in microsomes of thirty‐two liver samples was 4·2 ± 1·0 (SD) nmol carbinol mg‐1 protein h‐1. Metabolism of debrisoquine in vivo, as expressed by the ‘metabolic ratio’ of debrisoquine over 4‐OH debrisoquine correlated (r= ‐0·65, P < 0·01; n= 18) with carbinol production rate in microsomes in vitro. Microsomes of one individual identified as poor metabolizer of debrisoquine in vivo showed reduction of carbinol formation to 1·97 nmol mg‐ h‐1. Mixing his microsomes with those of an extensive metabolizer resulted in additive formation of carbinol excluding mediation of the defect by a soluble inhibitor.These data support the concept of a primary defect in microsomal oxidation of bufuralol. The described assay offers a sensitive tool to investigate the molecular mechanism of the ‘debrisoquine polymorphism’.
Early released lipid‐soluble cardiodepressant factor and elevated oestrogenic substances in human septic shock
Authors: BENASSAYAG CLAUDINE , CHRISTEFF NÉVÉNA , AUCLAIR MARIE‐CLAUDE , VERNIMMEN CATHERINE , CARLI‐VIELLE CLAIRE , NUNEZ EMMANUEL , CARLI ALAIN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A cardiodepressant factor (CDF) able to decrease contractile activity of cultured rat heart cells was determined to be located in the lipid‐soluble fraction of sera from men in septic shock. This heat‐stable CDF has a molecular weight under 1000. Repeated fractionations of sera gave evidence of an oestrone‐like chromatographic behaviour.Oestrone, oestradiol and cortisol were immunologically quantified in two groups (recovery and death) of men in septic shock. All of them were elevated in sera from patients with shock. Highest levels of oestrone 4330 pmol l‐1 (SEM pL 851, n= 15), oestradiol 1030 pmol l‐1 (SEM pL 220, n= 15) and cortisol 1096 pmol l‐1 (SEM pL 94, n= 15), were found in patients who failed to recover from shock. However, oestrone levels were the most striking, especially in the male.This study gives evidence for a polarity relationship between the CDF and oestrone, but natural oestrone does not appear to be a direct CDF. Moreover, this study shows that radioimmunoassay of oestrone could be an important index evaluating the severeness of septic shock.