bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct measurement of group dispersion of optical components using white-light spectral interferometry
Authors: Chlebus R. , Hlubina P. , Ciprian D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present a simple white-light spectral interferometric technique employing a low-resolution spectrometer for a direct measurement of the group dispersion of optical components over a wide wavelength range. The technique utilizes an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a component under test inserted in one arm and the other arm with adjustable path length. We record a series of spectral interferograms to measure the equalization wavelength as a function of the path length difference. We measure the absolute group refractive index as a function of wavelength for a quartz crystal of known thickness and the relative one for optical fiber. In the latter case we use a microscope objective in front and a lens behind the fiber and subtract their group dispersion, which is measured by a technique of tandem interferometry including also a Michelson interferometer.
Large-dimensional light-emitting elements with printed electroluminophore
Authors: Cież M. , Nowak S. , Zaraska W. , Porada Z. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the paper, the influences of design and manufacturing technology on the performance of large-dimensional light-emitting elements with screen-printed luminophore are presented. The luminophore is based on Cu activated and Cl co-activated zinc sulphide ZnS. A particular instability when exposed to moisture and at rated electric load has been observed.
Mental Health of Adolescents Exposed to the War in Ukraine
Authors: Goto Ryunosuke , Pinchuk Irina , Kolodezhny Oleksiy , Pimenova Nataliia , Kano Yukiko , Skokauskas Norbert 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceWith exposure to traumatic events and reduced access to mental health care, adolescents of Ukraine during the Russian invasion since February 2022 are at high risk of psychiatric conditions. However, the actual mental health burden of the war has scarcely been documented.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of a positive screen for psychiatric conditions among adolescents amidst the ongoing war in Ukraine as well as their associations with war exposure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study reports the results from the first wave of the Adolescents of Ukraine During the Russian Invasion cohort, the largest cohort study on Ukrainian adolescents’ mental health during the Russian invasion since 2022. Using self-reported questionnaires, the national-level prevalence of a positive screen for various psychiatric conditions was estimated among adolescents aged 15 years or older attending secondary school in Ukraine in person or online (including those residing abroad but attending Ukrainian secondary school online) and the prevalence among Ukrainian adolescents living abroad due to the war.ExposureSelf-reported exposure to war.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA positive screen for psychiatric conditions. The association between self-reported war exposure and a positive screen for each of the psychiatric conditions was also evaluated.ResultsA total of 8096 Ukrainian adolescents (4988 [61.6%] female) living in Ukraine or abroad were included in the analyses. Based on national-level estimates, 49.6% of the adolescents were directly exposed to war, 32.0% screened positive for moderate or severe depression, 17.9% for moderate or severe anxiety, 35.0% for clinically relevant psychological trauma, 29.5% for eating disorders, and 20.5% for medium risk or higher of substance use disorder. The burden of psychiatric symptoms was similarly large among Ukrainian adolescents living abroad. Adolescents exposed to war were more likely to screen positive for depression (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29-1.50), anxiety (PR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45-1.81), clinically relevant psychological trauma (PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.32-1.50), eating disorders (PR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32), and substance use disorder (PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.98-1.25).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that the mental health burden of Ukrainian adolescents amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine is substantial. Mental health care efforts to alleviate the mental health burden of Ukrainian adolescents are needed.
Gait Alterations and Association With Worsening Knee Pain and Physical Function: A Machine Learning Approach With Wearable Sensors in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Bacon Kathryn L. , Felson David T. , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Gazit Eran , Stefanik Joshua J. , Corrigan Patrick , Segal Neil A. , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Kumar Deepak 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify gait alterations related to worsening knee pain and worsening physical function, using machine learning approaches applied to wearable sensor–derived data from a large observational cohort.MethodsParticipants in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) completed a 20‐m walk test wearing inertial sensors on their lower back and ankles. Parameters describing spatiotemporal features of gait were extracted from these data. We used an ensemble machine learning technique (“super learning”) to optimally discriminate between those with and without worsening physical function and, separately, those with and without worsening pain over two years. We then used log‐binomial regression to evaluate associations of the top 10 influential variables selected with super learning with each outcome. We also assessed whether the relation of altered gait with worsening function was mediated by changes in pain.ResultsOf 2,324 participants, 29% and 24% had worsening knee pain and function over two years, respectively. From the super learner, several gait parameters were found to be influential for worsening pain and for worsening function. After adjusting for confounders, greater gait asymmetry, longer average step length, and lower dominant frequency were associated with worsening pain, and lower cadence was associated with worsening function. Worsening pain partially mediated the association of cadence with function.ConclusionWe identified gait alterations associated with worsening knee pain and those associated with worsening physical function. These alterations could be assessed with wearable sensors in clinical settings. Further research should determine whether they might be therapeutic targets to prevent worsening pain and worsening function.
Evaluation of the European Society of Cardiology Risk Assessment Score in Incident Systemic Sclerosis‐Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Brown Zoe , Hansen Dylan , Stevens Wendy , Ferdowsi Nava , Ross Laura , Quinlivan Alannah , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene‐Siew , Apostolopoulos Diane , Walker Jennifer G. , Proudman Susanna , Teng Gim Gee , Low Andrea H. L. , Morrisroe Kathleen , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivePatients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may be stratified as low, intermediate, or high risk of 1‐year mortality. In 2022, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) updated and simplified its risk stratification tool, based on three variables: World Health Organization functional class, serum N‐terminal pro‐brain type natriuretic peptide and six‐minute walk distance, applied at follow‐up visits, intended to guide therapy over time.MethodsWe applied the 2022 ESC risk assessment tool at baseline and follow‐up (within 2 years) to a multinational incident cohort of systemic sclerosis‐associated PAH (SSc‐PAH). Kaplan‐Meier curves, Cox hazards regression, and accelerated failure time models were used to evaluate survival by risk score.ResultsAt baseline (n = 260), the majority of SSc‐PAH (72.2%) were graded as intermediate risk of death according to the 2022 tool. At follow‐up, according to 2022 tool, half (55.5%) of the cohort were classified as low or intermediate‐low risk. The 2022 risk model at follow‐up was able to differentiate survival between risk strata. All three individual parameters (World Health Organization functional class, N‐terminal pro‐brain type natriuretic peptide, six‐minute walk distance) were significantly associated with mortality at baseline and/or follow‐up.ConclusionThe 2022 ESC risk assessment strategy applied at baseline and follow‐up predicts survival in SSc‐PAH. Treatment decisions for SSc‐PAH should include risk assessments, aiming to achieve low‐risk status according to the 2022 ESC guidelines.
Arylative Ring Expansion of 3‐Vinylazetidin‐3‐Ols and 3‐Vinyloxetan‐3‐Ols to Dihydrofurans by Dual Palladium and Acid Catalysis
Authors: Fujii Takuji , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the well‐studied 1‐vinylcyclobutanols, the reactivity of 3‐vinylazetidin‐3‐ols 1 and 3‐vinyloxetan‐3‐ols 2 under transition metal catalysis remains largely unexplored. We report herein their unique reactivity under dual palladium and acid catalysis. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2(PPh3)2, AgTFA and triflic acid, the reaction of 1 or 2 with aryl iodides affords 2,3,4‐trisubstituted dihydrofurans, which are valuable heterocycles in organic synthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that this arylative ring‐expansion reaction proceeds via a domino process involving Heck arylation of alkene, acid‐catalyzed transposition of allylic alcohol and ring opening of the azetidine/oxetane by an internal hydroxyl group.
Folate and vitamin B12 status and predicted neural tube defects risk among nonpregnant women of reproductive age from the Malawi National Micronutrient Survey, 2015–2016
Authors: Qi Yan Ping , Crider Krista S. , Williams Anne M. , Tripp Katie , Mapango Carine , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Nyirenda Eunice , Phiri Felix , Zhang Mindy , Jabbar Shameem , Pfeiffer Christine M. , Pachón Helena , Zimmerman Sarah , Williams Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaternal folate and vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. There are no nationally representative estimates on folate and vitamin B12 status among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Malawi.ObjectiveWe assessed folate and vitamin B12 status among nonpregnant WRA in Malawi and predicted the risk of folate‐sensitive neural tube defects (NTDs) were they to become pregnant.MethodsUsing data from the cross‐sectional, nationally representative 2015–2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey, we calculated the proportion of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency by demographic characteristics among 778 nonpregnant WRA (15–49 years). We predicted NTD prevalence using red blood cell (RBC) folate distributions and a published Bayesian model of the association between RBC folate and NTD risk. Analyses accounted for complex survey design.ResultsAmong WRA, 8.5% (95% CI: 6.2, 11.6) and 13.3% (10.0, 17.4) had serum (<7 nmol/L) and RBC folate (<305 nmol/L) deficiency, respectively. The proportion of vitamin B12 deficiency (<148 pmol/L) and insufficiency (≤221 pmol/L) was 11.8% (8.6, 16.0) and 40.6% (34.1, 47.4), respectively. RBC folate insufficiency (<748 nmol/L, defined as the concentration associated with the threshold for elevated NTD risk: >8 cases per 10,000 births) was widespread: 81.4% (75.0, 86.4). The predicted NTD risk nationally was 24.7 cases per 10,000 live births. RBC folate insufficiency and higher predicted NTD risk were more common among WRA living in urban areas or with higher education.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of nutritional and NTD surveillance in Malawi and the opportunity for improving folate and vitamin B12 nutrition among Malawian WRA.
Enhancing root coverage and esthetic outcomes in isolated gingival recession using orthodontic intervention and lateral closed tunnel technique: An interdisciplinary prospective case series
Authors: Katti Neelima , KP Rimsha , Barik Ashish Kumar , Das Surya Kanta , Peri Srivani , Mohanty Devapratim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGingival recession (GR) in malposed tooth in association with bone dehiscence and/or fenestration poses a challenge for successful root coverage treatment. Lateral closed tunnel (LCT) technique is particularly useful in isolated GR in mandibular anterior region, where the shallow vestibular depth prevents tension‐free coronal mobilization of tissues.MethodsTwenty patients with GR associated with tooth malposition were treated using a combined orthodontic—periodontic approach with a torquing auxiliary spring followed by LCT technique.ResultsThe two techniques resulted in a combined recession depth reduction from 3.75 ± 1.14 mm to 0.40 ± 0.50 mm at the end of 6‐month study period. The orthodontic intervention led to an increase in labial marginal bone levels, as assessed through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), while the LCT achieved closure of residual recession defect. Also, an increase of keratinized tissue width from 0.81 ± 0.88 mm at baseline to 3.30 ± 0.67 mm at 6 months was achieved. Mean root coverage percentage (MRC%) of 91.40% + 10.25% was seen, with 11 out of 20 sites (55%) showing complete root coverage (CRC).ConclusionsSingle tooth orthodontic repositioning followed by LCT technique proved effective in successfully managing isolated recession defects in the mandibular anterior gingival region, which often presents challenging mucogingival conditions. The precise single tooth repositioning resulted in labial marginal bone augmentation, while the LCT surgical approach allowed residual defect closure.Key findingsWhy are these cases new information?

Correction of single tooth malposition is achieved before recession coverage treatment to achieve a favorable environment for graft uptake. The reduction in denuded root surface along with the bone remodeling results in increasing the ratio of vascular to avascular region, thus improving the overall prognosis of the treatment.
What are the keys to successful management of these cases?

The lateral closed tunnel technique involves creating a mucoperiosteal tunnel to close the recession site. Precision is crucial to avoid damage to surrounding tissues. The recipient site should be wider than the width of recession to improve graft vascularity.
What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

Limitations may arise when dealing with complex cases, such as multiple teeth involvement or teeth with significant vertical or horizontal bone loss.
How and when do perceptions of supervisor evasive knowledge hiding escalate into diminished job performance?
Authors: Haq Inam Ul , De Clercq Dirk , Azeem Muhammad Umer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrawing from social exchange theory, this study investigates how and when supervisor evasive knowledge hiding might lead to lower job performance by employees. The hypotheses were tested with three‐round survey data, collected among employees and peers in various industries. Employees' perceptions that their supervisor engages in deceptive knowledge hiding undermine their own performance‐enhancing efforts because they develop career plateau beliefs; this explanatory role is particularly salient among employees exposed to despotic leadership. This study pinpoints a notable risk for employees who feel upset when they believe a despotic supervisor is intentionally concealing knowledge: They grow disappointed with their career situation, which prompts them to adopt complacent behavioral responses that likely render it even more challenging to access valuable supervisor knowledge.
CO2 Hydrogenation to CH3OH on Metal‐Doped TiO2(110): Mechanisms, Strain Effect and a New Thermodynamic‐Kinetic Relation
Authors: Lu Huili , Yang Deshuai , Chen Zhao‐Xu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurface strain and linear thermodynamic‐kinetic relation are interesting topics in catalysis. Development of low temperature methanol catalysts of high activity and selectivity is of particularly importance for conversion of CO2 to methanol. In the present paper CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Znx@TiO2(110) (x=0–2) was explored using density functional calculations and microkinetic simulations. The reaction mechanisms on the three model systems were determined and it is shown that Zn2@TiO2(110) is the most active. The most favorable pathway on Zn2@TiO2(110) is identified and CO2+H to HCOO is found to be the rate‐controlling step. It is demonstrated that there is a linear relation (named AEB relation) between the adsorption energies of the initial states and the barriers for the controlling step on the 18 systems studied. Calculations on strained surfaces show that the AEB relation exists within ±1 % strain. Sr2@TiO2(110) and −1 % strained CaZn and ZnCu doped TiO2(110) are potential good low temperature catalysts and deserve experimental testing.
Unveiling the Cleavage Mechanism of an RNA Model Compound on the whole pH Scale: Computations Meet Experiments in the Determination of Reaction Rates
Authors: Nardi Alessandro Nicola , Olivieri Alessio , D'Abramo Marco , Salvio Riccardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe knowledge of the mechanism of reactions occurring in solution is a primary research line both in the context of theoretical‐computational chemistry and in the field of organic and bio‐organic chemistry. Given the importance of the hydrolysis of nucleic acids in life‐related phenomena, here we present a combined experimental and computational study on the cleavage of an RNA model compound. This phosphodiester features a cleavage rate strictly dependent on the pH with three different dependence domains. Such experimental evidence, highlighted by an in‐depth kinetic investigation, unequivocally suggests a change in the reaction mechanism along the pH scale. In order to interpret the data and to explain the experimental behavior, we have applied a theoretical‐computational procedure, involving a hybrid quantum/classical approach, able to model chemical reactions in complex environments, i. e. in solution. This study turns out to quantitatively reproduce the experimental data with accuracy and, in addition, provides useful mechanistic insight into the transesterification process of the investigated compound. The study indicates that the cleavage can occur through an
, an
, and a
mechanism depending on the pH values.
Immobilization of Silver(I) Ions on Amino‐Functionalized Chromium(III) Terephthalate with Organophosphine and its C−H Carboxylation of a Heteroaromatic Compound
Authors: Lee Mijung , Oh Kyung‐Ryul , Cha Ga‐Young , Jeong Se‐Min , Lee Su‐Kyung , Hwang Young Kyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA newly designed heterogenized catalyst that incorporates silver(I) ions with 2‐(dicyclohexylphosphaneyl)acetaldehyde (PCy2 aldehyde) into amino‐functionalized chromium(III) terephthalate is developed. Silver(I) ions were robustly immobilized on the amino‐functionalized chromium(III) terephthalate, which contains an imine bond formed by the reaction with PCy2 aldehyde. The Ag(I) ion is coordinated with the phosphine in the imine group to create MIL‐101‐AP(Ag). Characterizations were carefully carried out according to the synthetic steps. The catalytic performance of MIL‐101‐AP(Ag) was evaluated through the C−H carboxylation of thiophene‐2‐carbonitrile, achieving a 10 % yield with a turnover number of 1.0. The recyclability of the MIL‐101‐AP(Ag) catalyst was successfully demonstrated with five cycle, with no loss in activity and selectivity observed. This approach, which involves the formation of an imine bond to facilitate silver loading with phosphine on amino‐functionalized MIL‐101(Cr), exhibits significant potential for both CO2 fixation and C−H carboxylation, thereby highlighting the modified material‘s promise as a sustainable catalyst.
Analysis of super‐source‐follower‐based GHz‐bandwidth biquadratic low‐pass filters
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Chin , Yen Ming‐Yu , Lin Tzu‐Yu , Cheng Kai‐Hsun 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe design of GHz‐bandwidth super‐source‐follower‐based low‐pass filters (SSF‐LPFs) is investigated. The transfer function is derived by considering transistor parasitics. The behaviors of SSF‐LPFs can be predicted accurately with these formulas. The theoretical values of pole/zero frequencies of the circuit agree well with the corresponding simulation results. Moreover, the relationship between the Q factor and the phase margin of the biquadratic filter is revealed. Two 1.3‐GHz 4th‐order LPFs are designed using 90‐nm CMOS technology, where one contains a high‐Q biquad with a small phase margin and a low‐Q biquad, while the other is built with two biquads with moderate Q factors and sufficient phase margins. For the former, the discrepancy between the theoretical and simulated phase margin is <2°, and the discrepancy between the theoretical and simulated corner frequency is <6%. For the latter, the discrepancy between the theoretical and simulated phase margin is <4°, and the discrepancy between the theoretical and simulated corner frequency is <4%. The filter containing biquads with sufficient phase margins is fabricated and occupies an area of 0.44 mm2. Consuming 14.4 mW, the filter delivers a bandwidth of 1.3 GHz, P1dB of −11.94 dBm, and IIP3 of −4.5 dBm.
Synergistic integration of histone deacetylase inhibitors apparently enhances the cytokine‐induced killer cell efficiency in multiple myeloma via the NKG2D pathway
Authors: Pu Jingjing , Sharma Amit , Liu Ting , Hou Jian , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo GH 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe rapid recognition of epigenetic manipulation's potential in restricting cancer cell capabilities spurred translational initiatives, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Clinical trials on multiple myeloma (MM) demonstrated substantial benefits of HDACis, coupled with promising outcomes from cytokine‐induced killer cell (CIK) immunotherapy. Intriguingly, the unexplored synergy of HDACis and CIK cell immunotherapy in MM prompted our study.MethodsWe examined clinically relevant HDACis (panobinostat/LBH589 and romidepsin) alongside CIK cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells across diverse MM cell lines (U266, RPMI8226, OPM‐2 and NCI‐H929). Utilising various in vitro methodologies, we investigated how HDACis enhance CIK cell lysis of myeloma cells through NKG2D/NKG2D ligand interactions.ResultsThe results of our analysis indicated several key findings. (1) Enhanced cytotoxicity of CIK cells in MM cells when combined with HDACis. (2) Significant increase in apoptosis, suggesting HDACis and CIK may together enhance apoptotic effects in specific MM cell lines. (3) Elevated IFN‐γ secretion and alterations in granzyme B secretion because of the independent activity of HDACis. (4) Notably, HDACis increased the expression of MICA/B and ULBP2, crucial for inducing antitumor cytotoxicity of NKT cells. Validation through NKG2D receptor blocking in CIK cells with a purified mouse antihuman NKG2D antibody further supported our findings.ConclusionsOur analyses provide sufficient evidence to consider this clinically forgotten instance (HDACis‐CIK cell combination) as a therapeutic priority for MM treatment. Furthermore, we suggest that NKG2D/NKG2D‐ligand interactions activating NK/NKT cells may contribute to enhanced myeloma cell lysis in response to HDACis treatment by CIK cells.