bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of recurrent synovial sarcoma by fine needle aspiration cytology—a case report
Authors: Mehdi Ghazala , Ansari Hena A. , Siddiqui Shahid Ali 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCytodiagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be a daunting task, owing to the varied cytomorphological appearances possible, depending on whether the tumour is monophasic or biphasic in architecture. We report herewith a case of recurrent synovial sarcoma in a young male who presented with a swelling in the neck. The diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:521–524. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Follicular neoplasm of the thyroid—vanishing cytologic diagnosis?
Authors: Kapur Umesh , Wojcik Eva M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe significance of making a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy remains a controversial issue, considering that the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma is based on histological criteria and the significantly decreasing incidence of follicular carcinoma in the general population. On FNA the main differential diagnoses of follicular neoplasm includes follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPC), follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and benign solitary nodule occurring in a goiter. Several studies have looked at immunohistochemical and molecular markers to distinguish benign from malignant lesions but none of them have proved to be infallible. Although, FVPC is a distinct entity from the follicular neoplasm group, it is not always possible to separate it from the other follicular lesions because of overlapping cytologic features and often‐sporadic presence of nuclear features, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma remains the main pitfall in a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. Since a significant number of cases that are malignant on follow‐up are usually FVPC, consequently, follicular neoplasm is an essential diagnostic consideration on FNA. In addition, follicular carcinoma, despite a decreasing incidence continues to be a real entity. Therefore, it is essential that follicular neoplasm continue to be part of our diagnostic repertoire. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:525–528. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical parakeratotic spires and HCII HPV results: Correlation in liquid‐based cervicovaginal cytology specimens interpreted as ASC‐US
Authors: Kubba Lena A. , Patel Kumud , Du Hongyan , Hahn Elizabeth A. , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe 2001 Bethesda System (2nd edition) indicates that parakeratosis with nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, irregular contours, and/or three dimensionality should prompt consideration of an interpretation of ASC‐US or greater. The authors retrospectively reviewed 812 liquid‐based cervicovaginal cytology samples (CVCSs) interpreted as ASC‐US during an 11‐month period. All slides were studied for the presence or absence of atypical parakeratotic spires (APKSs), a specific form of atypical parakeratosis. Results from corresponding Hybrid Capture II high risk (HR) HPV testing were recorded (blinded). Of 812 women, 28% (230/812) had APKSs and 20% (163/812) had positive HCII assays for HR HPV. Three percent of all reflexed ASC‐US vials (26/812) had both APKSs and positive HR HPV assays (sensitivity = 16%, specificity = 69%). APKSs in liquid‐based CVCSs interpreted as ASC‐US do not independently correlate to a positive reflex test for HR HPV (P < 0.0001). This suggests that APKSs are most often unrelated to underlying HR HPV infection. The finding of APKSs alone in CVCSs does not warrant an interpretation of SIL and should be used only in concert with other findings to label a sample as ASC‐US. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:476–481. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple amyloidomas in an HIV patient presented as inguinal and mediastuinal masses: A case report diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Lau Stephen K. , Shiran Shelly I. , Tadros Talaat S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSystemic amyloidosis can occur rarely as multiple masses with replacement of lymph nodes, causing lymphadenopathy and potentially mimicking neoplasms. We report a case of multiple amyloidomas in the inguinal lymph nodes and mediastinum in a 30‐yr‐old HIV positive woman with remote history of high grade dysplasia. Abundant amorphous material was obtained on fine‐needle aspiration, making metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with abundant keratin a potential differential diagnosis. The prudent use of special stains such as Congo red, crystal violet, and immunohistochemical stains for keratin and kappa and beta light chains can be invaluable in helping to clarify the diagnosis. In patients with chronic inflammation, amyloidomas must be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions so the appropriate work‐up can be undertaken to minimize this potential pitfall. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:505–507. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organoiridium Quinolinolate Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Thermal Stabilities and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kappaun Stefan , Eder Sabrina , Sax Stefan , Mereiter Kurt , List Emil J. W. , Slugovc Christian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe syntheses, solid‐state structures, thermal properties and photophysics of a series of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes with phenylpyridine as the cyclometalating ligands and quinolinolates are reported. The title compounds were formed by reaction of di‐μ‐chloro‐tetrakis[κ2(C2,N)‐2‐phenylpyridine]diiridium(III) with the corresponding 8‐hydroxyquinolines in 56 to 86 % yield. The crystal structures of two of the complexes have been determined. Both complexes show the two carbon ligands in a cis disposition and the 2‐phenylpyridine nitrogen atoms in a trans disposition. Assessment of the thermal stabilities of the compounds revealed huge differences depending on the substituents on the quinolinolato ligand. Most complexes are poor emitters in solution, in films and in OLEDs. Substitution of the quinolinolato ligand with electron‐withdrawing functional groups in the 5‐position caused additional absorption features in the visible region facilitating the finding of appropriate host materials for OLEDs and gave emission properties governed by the quinolinolato ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Distribution of erosion across bedrock channels
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Hovius Niels , Meng‐Long Hsieh , Lague Dimitri , Men‐Chiang Chen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLateral erosion in bedrock rivers is an important control on the shape of channel cross‐sections, and the coupling of channels and hillslopes. Recent observations link lateral erosion to the variability of flow. We propose two mechanisms to explain this. One is based on changing shear stress distributions within the channel with varying flood level, the other on the competition between cover and tool effects in fluvial bedrock erosion. We assess these processes for the Liwu River, Taiwan, and conclude that cover and tool effects dominate the partitioning of lateral and vertical erosion in this case. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In a model of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (IGH)/MYCtranslocation, theIgh3′ regulatory region inducesMYCexpression at the immature stage of B cell development
Authors: Yan Yi , Park Sung Sup , Janz Siegfried , Eckhardt Laurel A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReciprocal translocations involving the immunoglobulin loci and the cellular oncogeneMYCare hallmark mutations of the human postgerminal center B cell neoplasm, Burkitt's lymphoma. They are occasionally found in other B cell lymphomas, as well. Translocations involving the heavy chain locus (IGH) place theMYCgene either in cis with both the intronic enhancer Eμ and theIGH3′ regulatory region (3′RR) or in cis with only the 3′RR. The result is deregulatedMYCexpression. Recent studies have led to some controversy as to when, during B lymphocyte development,IGH/MYCchromosome translocations take place. A related issue, relevant not only to lymphoma development but also to normal controls onIGHgene expression, is the stage, during B lymphocyte development, at which the 3′RR is capable of activatingMYCexpression. We have developed mice transgenic for a humanMYC(hMYC) gene under control of the four core enhancers from the mouseIgh3′RR. Unlike other transgenic mouse models where premature and inappropriate MYC expression disrupts normal B cell development, the hMYCtransgene in these studies carries a mutation that prohibits MYC protein synthesis. As a result, hMYCexpression can be analyzed in all of the normal B cell compartments. Our data show that hMYCis expressed almost exclusively in B‐lineage cells and is induced to high levels as soon as bone marrow cells reach the immature B cell stage. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is waiting‐time prioritisation welfare improving?
Authors: Gravelle Hugh , Siciliani Luigi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRationing by waiting time is commonly used in health care systems with zero or low money prices. Some systems prioritise particular types of patient and offer them lower waiting times. We investigate whether prioritisation is welfare improving when the benefit from treatment is the sum of two components, one of which is not observed by providers. We show that positive prioritisation (shorter waits for patients with higher observable benefit) is welfare improving if the mean observable benefit of the patients who are indifferent about receiving the treatment is smaller than the mean observable benefit of the patients who receive the treatment. This is true (a) if the distribution of the unobservable benefit is uniform for any distribution of the observable benefit; or (b) if the distribution of the observable benefit is uniform and the distribution of the unobservable benefit is log‐concave. We also show that prioritisation is never welfare increasing if and only if the distribution of unobservable benefit is negative exponential. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between soil moisture of near surface and multiple depths of the root zone under heterogeneous land uses and varying hydroclimatic conditions
Authors: Mahmood Rezaul , Hubbard Kenneth G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an assessment of the relationship between near‐surface soil moisture (SM) and SM at other depths in the root zone under three different land uses: irrigated corn, rainfed corn and grass. This research addresses the question whether or not near‐surface SM can be used reliably to predict plant available root zone SM and SM at other depths. For this study, a realistic soil‐water energy balance process model is applied to three locations in Nebraska representing an east‐to‐west hydroclimatic gradient in the Great Plains. The applications were completed from 1982 through to 1999 at a daily time scale. The simulated SM climatologies are developed for the root zone as a whole and for the five layers of the soil profile to a depth of 1·2 m.Over all, the relationship between near‐surface SM (0–2·5 cm) and plant available root zone SM is not strong. This applies to all land uses and for all locations. For example, r estimates range from 0·02 to 0·33 for this relationship. Results for near‐surface SM and SM of several depths suggest improvement in r estimates. For example, these estimates range from − 0·19 to 0·69 for all land uses and locations. It was clear that r estimates are the highest (0·49–0·69) between near‐surface and the second layer (2·5–30·5 cm) of the root zone. The strength of this type of relationship rapidly declines for deeper depths. Cross‐correlation estimates also suggest that at various time‐lags the strength of the relationship between near‐surface SM and plant available SM is not strong. The strength of the relationship between SM modulation of the near surface and second layer over various time‐lags slightly improves over no lags. The results suggest that use of near‐surface SM for estimating SM at 2·5–30 cm is most promising. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erythropoietin gene expression in renal carcinoma is considerably more frequent than paraneoplastic polycythemia
Authors: Wiesener Michael S. , Münchenhagen Philine , Gläser Markus , Sobottka Bettina A. , Knaup Karl X. , Jozefowski Katrin , Jürgensen Jan Steffen , Roigas Jan , Warnecke Christina , Gröne Hermann‐Josef , Maxwell Patrick H. , Willam Carsten , Eckardt Kai‐Uwe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSignalling by erythropoietin (EPO) is increasingly recognised as a relevant mechanism in tumour biology, potentially leading to enhanced proliferation, angiogenesis and therapy resistance. Paraneoplastic polycythemia by cancerous overproduction of EPO is a rare event, but most frequently seen in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The majority of clear cell RCC displays a strong activation of the transcription factor regulating EPO, the Hypoxia‐inducible Factor (HIF). Therefore, it is unclear why only a small minority of patients develop polycythemia. We studied 70 RCC for EPO gene and HIFα isoform expression. 34% of all RCC showed expression of EPO mRNA in RNase protection assays, which were almost exclusively of the clear cell type. Only 1 patient presented with polycythemia. In situ hybridisation revealed that expression of EPO was in the tumour cells. Expression of EPO mRNA was always associated with activation of HIF, which could involve HIF‐1α and/or HIF‐2α. The frequency of EPO gene expression in RCC is therefore much higher than the prevalence of polycythemia. Furthermore, activation of HIF appears necessary for EPO gene expression in RCC, but is clearly not the only determinant. Further to the reported expression of EPO receptors in tumour tissues, the finding of widespread expression of EPO in RCC supports the recent notion of an involvement of this system in paracrine or autocrine effects of tumour cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying pattern recognition methods plus quantum and physico‐chemical molecular descriptors to analyze the anabolic activity of structurally diverse steroids
Authors: Alvarez‐Ginarte Yoanna María , Marrero‐Ponce Yovani , Ruiz‐García José Alberto , Montero‐Cabrera Luis Alberto , García De La Vega Jose Manuel , Noheda Marin Pedro , Crespo‐Otero Rachel , Zaragoza Francisco Torrens , García‐Domenech Ramón 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe great cost associated with the development of new anabolic–androgenic steroid (AASs) makes necessary the development of computational methods that shorten the drug discovery pipeline. Toward this end, quantum, and physicochemical molecular descriptors, plus linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to analyze the anabolic/androgenic activity of structurally diverse steroids and to discover novel AASs, as well as also to give a structural interpretation of their anabolic–androgenic ratio (AAR). The obtained models are able to correctly classify 91.67% (86.27%) of the AASs in the training (test) sets, respectively. The results of predictions on the 10% full‐out cross‐validation test also evidence the robustness of the obtained model. Moreover, these classification functions are applied to an “in house” library of chemicals, to find novel AASs. Two new AASs are synthesized and tested for in vivo activity. Although both AASs are less active than some commercially AASs, this result leaves a door open to a virtual variational study of the structure of the two compounds, to improve their biological activity. The LDA‐assisted QSAR models presented here, could significantly reduce the number of synthesized and tested AASs, as well as could increase the chance of finding new chemical entities with higher AAR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
S‐Acylspaltung bei S‐Acetyl‐ω‐aminomercaptanen verschiedener Kettenlänge
Authors: Wieland Theodor , Hornig Heinz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEs wurden die S‐Acetylverbindungen aus den ω‐Aminomercaptanen HS (CH2)n NH2 (n 2, 3, 4, 6 und 10) durch Erhitzen mit Acetylchlorid als kristallisierte, hygroskopische Hydrochloride erhalten. Die spektrophotometrische Verfolgung der S‐Acetylabspaltung bei 232 mμ in wäßriger Lösung ergab, daß die Verbindungen mit n = 2 und 3 im Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis 60 : 1 schon in saurer Lösung intramolekular unter Transacetylierung reagieren. Die Tetramethylenverbindung erleidet erst von pH8 an eine meßbare, vermutlich ebenfalls intramolekulare Acetylübertragung, während bei den Verbindungen mit n = 6 und 10 erst in stärkerem Alkali Acetyl vom Schwefel hydrolytisch abspalten wird S‐Acetyl‐n‐dimethyleysteamin wird rascher als S‐Acetyl‐thiocholin hydrolysiert.
Die Addition von Alkalimetall an Pyren, I. Mitteilung
Authors: Neunhoeffer Otto , Woggon Heinz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIm Hinblick auf die mögliche Bildung eines brückenring‐stabilisierten, cyclischen Polyens durch Addition zweier Reste an die beiden mittelständigen C‐Atome des Pyrens wurde die Anlagerung von alkalimetall untersucht. 1 Mol. Pyren addiert in absol. Äther leicht, in flüssigem Ammoniak momentan 1 Atom Alkalimetall. Mit Ammoniumbromid bildet die Pyren‐Natrium‐Verbindung wenig 1,2‐Dihydropyren. Mit Alkohol entsteht in ätherischer Lösung ein blaugrünes Pyrenradikal, das mit Diphenyl‐pikrylhydrazyl nachweisbar ist. Durch Reduktion nach Birch wird neben dem Radikal ein Dihydropyren zugänglich, das sich mit 2 Moll. p‐Nitrosodimethylanilin umsetzen läßt. Die Natrium‐Additionsverbindung des Pyrens liefert mit Kohlendioxyd ein Gemisch von Pyren‐mono‐ und ‐dicarbonsäuren. Die Konstitution der in flüssigem Ammoniak erhaltenen Pyren‐1‐carbonsäure wird durch eindeutige Synthese bewiesen.
Synthese heterocyclisch substituierter Äthylene und Butadiene
Authors: Ried Walter , Hinsching Siegfried 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBei Verwendung geeigneter Kondensationsmittel gelingt die Umsetzung von Heterocyclen mit aktiven Methyl‐ bzw. Propenyl‐Gruppen und aromatischen bzw. heterocyclischen Aldehyden zu Äthylenen und Butadienen.
Darstellung von Azinen ungesättigter 3‐Keto‐steroide
Authors: Dannenberg Heinz , Scheurlen Hans , Simmer‐Rühle Ingrid 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBeim Erhitzen der Semicarbazone ungesättigter 3‐Keto‐steroide in Tetralin auf 175–190° entstehen die Azine der entsprechenden Ketone (Ausbeuten 18–60%). Ihre Konstitution wurde bewiesen durch Darstellung aus den entsprechenden Ketonen und Hydrazinhydrat, wobei bei den Azinen der höher ungesättigten Ketone ein Zusatz von Säure notwendig ist. Das Azin des Cholestanons‐(3) konnte nur aus dem Keton, nicht aber aus dem Semicarbazon erhalten werden. – Charakteristisch für die UV‐Spektren der Azine der ungesättigten Ketone ist, daß Protonenanlagerung einen starken bathochromen und hyperchromen Effekt auf die langwellige Hauptabsorptionsbande ausübt.
Die Reaktionen der tetrameren Blausäure
Authors: Bredereck Hellmut , Schmötzer Günter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEs werden Umsetzungen der tetrameren Blausäure mit α‐Dicarbonyl‐Verbindungen beschrieben. Mit verschiedenen Acylierungsmitteln durchgeführte Reaktionen liefern Mono‐, Di‐ und Triacyl‐Derivate der tetrameren Blausäure. Mit Oxalylchlorid erfolgt Ringschluß zu einem Pyrazin‐Derivat. Acetimidoester liefert bei milden Bedingungen, unter Reaktion nur einer Aminogruppe der tetrameren Blausäure, den entsprechend substituierten Imidoester. Unter energischeren Bedingungen tritt Ringschluß zum Imidazol‐Derivat ein. Die aus tetramere Blausäure erhaltenen ringförmigen o‐Dinitrile ergeben mit Alkohol/Salzsäure (Pinner‐Reaktion) eine Imidoestergruppe nur an einer Nitrilgruppe. – Es wird eine theoretische Deutung aller bisher durchgeführten Reaktionen gegeben.
Methylketon‐Addukte der Chinolinium‐ und Isochinolinium‐Reihe. Über Pseudobasen III
Authors: Kröhnke Fritz , Vogt Isolde 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWie Pyridinium‐Kationen nehmen auch Chinolinium‐ und Isochinolinium‐Kationen Methyl‐ und Methylenketone zu säureempfindlichen Addukten auf, die im übrigen aber beständiger als die‐jenigen der Pyridinium‐Reihe sind. Das Verhalten bei der Hydrierung, die Art der Einwirkung von p‐Nitrosodimethylanilin und die Austauschbarkeit der Methylketon‐Reste sprechen für eine im wesentlichen salzartige Beziehung zwischen einem Chinolinium‐ bzw. Isochinolinium‐Kation und einem Methylketon‐Anion. — Während die Existenz isolierbarer Pseudobasen (Carbinolbasen) aus quartären Salzen des Acridins und Cotarnins erwiesen, in der Pyridinium‐Reihe unwahrscheinlich, in der Chinolinium‐ und Isochinolinium‐Reihe zumindest nicht gesichert ist, erlauben die besonderen Verhältnisse bei N‐[2,6‐Dichlorbenzyl]‐chinolinium‐ und ‐isochinolinium‐Verbindungen die Darstellung eines Basentyps, bei dem die positive Ladung an kein bestimmtes Atom fixiert ist. — Nach dem experimentell begründeten allgemeinen Formelschema X für die neu aufgefundenen, salzartigen Addukte stehen ihre Kationen vielmehr zwischen echten Ammoniumbasen und Carbinol‐basen. Im Gegensatz zu letzteren addieren sie nur Verbindungen mit starker CH‐Acidität, nicht solche mit ausgeprägtem elektromerem Effekt. Das Hydroxylanion läßt sich durch andere anionische Reste ersetzen. — Piperidin scheint von Chinolinium‐ und Isochinoliniumbasen kondensierend zu Derivaten wahrer Carbinol‐ basen aufgenommen zu werden.
über Einige Fälle Von „EXO‐ADDITION”︁. Darstellung des Cyclopentan‐1.3‐Dialdehyds und Seine Verwendung Zur Kondensation Nach Robinson‐Schöpf
Authors: Alder Kurt , Wirtz Hans , Koppelberg Horst 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEs werden einige Beobachtungen mitgeteilt, die zwar heterogener Art, aber durch des gemeinsame Merkmal miteinander verbunden sind, daß sie alle sterisch zu dem Kreis der „exo‐Additionen”︁ gehören.
Polycyclische Verbindungen III. über Hydrierte Azulen‐, Benzazulen‐ Und 1.2‐Diaza‐Azulen‐Derivate
Authors: Buchta Emil , Kranz Joachim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAus dem durch LiAlH4‐Reduktion der Cyclohepten‐(1)‐carbonsäure‐(1) erhältlichen 1‐Hydroxymethyl‐cyclohepten‐(1) wird über die 1‐Bromverbindung mit Hilfe einer Malonester‐Synthese 1‐Keto‐octahydro‐azulen und sein 2‐Methyl‐derivat dargestellt. – 1‐Methyl‐cyclopentanon‐(2)‐carbonsäure‐(1)‐äthylester und β‐Phenäthyl‐magnesiumbromid geben den 1‐Methyl‐2‐β‐phenäthyl‐cyclopentanol‐(2)‐carbonsäure‐(1)‐äthylester. Verseifung und Cyclisierung führen über das Hydroxyketon VIII zum 4‐Keto‐10‐methyl‐hexahydro‐5.6‐benzazulen, das als 2.4‐Dinitro‐phenylhydrazon gefaßt wird. – Durch Kondensation geeigneter o‐substituierter Cycloheptanone mit Hydrazinhydrat werden hydrierte 1.2‐Diaza‐azulene in guter Ausbeute zugänglich gemacht.
Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe LXXIX. 1.2,5.6‐Dibenzperylen und 2.3,6.7,10.11‐Tribenzfluoranthen
Authors: Clar Erich , Willicks Winfried 
Published: July 2007

Abstract5‐(1‐Naphthyl)‐tetracen wird mit Natriumchlorid‐Aluminiumchlorid verschmolzen, wobei sich 1.2,5.6‐Dibenzperylen (III) und 2.3, 6.7, 10.11‐Tribenzfluoranthen (IV) bilden. Die beiden isomeren Kohlenwasserstoffe addieren Maleinsäureanhydrid. Aus den Absorptionsspektren dieser Addukte läßt sich die Konstitution der Kohlenwasserstoffe ableiten.