bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STOFFWECHSEL VON OESTRON, OESTRADIOL-17α UND OESTRADIOL-17β IN DER KANINCHENLEBER
Authors: Breuer H. , Pangels Gerta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of oestrone, oestradiol-17α and oestradiol-17β has been studied in rabbit liver slices. Oestradiol-17α and oestradiol-17β were isolated as metabolites of oestrone. When oestradiol-17α17α was incubated oestrone and oestradiol-17β were formed, whereas oestradiol-17β gave rise to oestradiol-17α and oestrone. Quantitative experiments showed that after incubation of oestrone 5–8 times as much oestradiol-17β was found as oestradiol-17α.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF EXOPHTHALMOS WITH GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE CHANGES
Authors: Lamberg B.-A. , Wegelius O. , Kuhlbäck B. , Olin-Lamberg C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case is described of a man of 48, who presented a history and clinical picture of a solitary thyro-hypophysial syndrome with malignant exophthalmos but in which general connective tissue changes were found on histological and histochemical examination of the retrobulbar connective tissue and muscles, of the pretibial connective and muscle tissue and the nasal epithelium. The intraocular tension was increased. In addition, renal failure developed. The use of cortisol locally in the eyes had a beneficial effect on the eye syndrome. Systemic treatment with corticotrophin and prednisolone had an evident beneficial effect on the renal condition.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETION AND THE CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Kivalo E. , Rinne U. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Acute stress, chronic stress plus hydration, cortisone treatment, cortisone treatment plus dehydration were used as methods of investigation and the relation between the neurosecretory activity of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus and the neurosecretory material around the hypophysial portal vessels of the median eminence on the one hand and the corticotrophin release on the other hand, has been studied in the rat. Whereas stress stimulates both the activity of the above mentioned cells of the hypothalamus and the ACTH release, stress plus hydration causes a depression of these hypothalamic cells but nevertheless causes a marked ACTH release. Cortisone inhibits the activity of the cells in the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus as well as the ACTH release whereas cortisone plus dehydration causes stimulation but inhibits the ACTH release. In some stress and cortisone treatment groups the variations of the neurosecretory material around the hypophysial portal vessels and of the ACTH release were found to show a correlation. It is concluded that the activity of the cells of the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus and the ACTH release do not seem to have any definite connection, whereas some observations indicate that the neurosecretory material in the region of the median eminence around the hypophysial portal vessels may have some significance in ACTH release.
LOCALIZATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS INHIBITING ADRENAL WEIGHT MAINTENANCE IN THE RAT
Authors: Moll Johannes 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Electrolytic lesions, approximately 1 mm in diameter, were placed at 20 regularly distributed points in the midline of the hypothalamus of rats. Eighteen days later the left adrenals were removed and weighed. Six days after this operation the animals were sacrificed and the right adrenals weighed. Animals without brain lesions but otherwise similarly treated, served as controls. The brains of all lesioned animals were studied histologically.
Following lesions in the antero-basal and mid-basal hypothalamus the weights of both adrenals were subnormal. Compensatory adrenal hypertrophy was only slightly inhibited by the lesions. Lesions destroying the pituitary stalk and lesions in the median eminence, had no effect on adrenal weight.
STUDIES ON OESTROGENS IN CATTLE
Authors: Erichsen Stian , Velle Weiert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of some oestrogenic hormones was studied in vitro by the use of cells grown on a medium free from blood. The methods used for the culture of cells from bovine testis, endometrium, amnion, and liver in confluent cell sheets on glass are described. The interconversion of oestrone and oestradiol-17β was demonstrated in the presence of cells from amnion, endometrium, and also from testicles of young calves and bulls. Only trace amounts of oestrone were found following incubations with oestradiol-17α in these tissues. Bovine liver cells grown in vitro showed a very poor capacity to bring about the interconversion mentioned above.
INFLUENCE OF OVARIAN HORMONES AND DENERVATION ON THE CATECHOLAMINES OF THE RAT UTERUS
Authors: Oskarsson V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The contents of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the uterus of the rat have been investigated. A spectrofluorometric determination of the amines, converted into their lutines, has been used. The level of adrenaline, if present at all, was much lower than that of noradrenaline. The total amount of noradrenaline in the uterus did not vary significantly during oestrus, dioestrus and pregnancy. Treatment of spayed rats with ovarian hormones did not influence their uterine catecholamines. In partially denervated uteri the level was about half the normal value.
HYPEROESTROGENISMUS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Kalliomäki J. L. , Rauramo Lauri 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors have endeavoured to clarify the frequency of the hyperoestrogenismus syndrome in women with rheumatoid arthritis, aged 17–38 years, by means of clinical and cytologic studies, and by hormonal analyses. The material comprises 32 patients. Of these, 30 were suitable for cytologic observation. In 5 (17 %) of these 30 patients, the hyperoestrogenismus syndrome (17 %) may be considered definitely established. Aggravation of the joint symptoms in the pre-menstrual phase was reported by 41 % of the patients. Values for excretion of oestrogen exceeding 200 mouse units/24 hours were noted one week before menstrual bleeding in 8 of 19 women; the mean for oestrogen excretion was 268 mouse units/24 hours. Gonadotrophins were studied in the same urine samples, and the mean excretion was 22 mouse units/24 hours (range 7–65 m. u.). The excretion mean for 17-ketosteroids, simultaneously studied, was 9.1 mg/24 hours (range 2.3–18.0 mg). Side-finding in the material were made: incipient cervical cancer in one patient, ovarial tumour in one, and trichomoniasis in seven.
CORTISONINAKTIVIERUNG IN DER RATTENLEBER NACH INJEKTION VON BUTAZOLIDIN
Authors: Lutzmann Ludger , Dirscherl Wilhelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The breakdown of cortisone by the liver of Butazolidin treated rats as well as of untreated controls was examined.
At the same time Butazolidin was determined in serum and liver at various times after its injection together with its distribution between incubation media and liver slices.
The results are discussed in connection with former experiments in vitro in which Butazolidin in therapeutical doses was added to the incubation medium.
From the distribution studies it appears that, in vivo as well as in vitro, the breakdown of cortisone is affected only at a certain Butazolidin concentration.
STUDIES OF GONADECTOMIZED MICE BEARING ADRENAL CORTICAL TUMOURS
Authors: Hofmann Frederick G. , Dickie Margaret M. , Christy Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were made of the steroid secretion pattern of gonadectomy-induced adrenal cortical tumours in mice. Morphological and chemical data were collected from intact and gonadectomized female mice (F1 hybrids of strain DBA/2WyDi female × strain CE/WyDi male and the reciprocal cross).
Morphological data – In spayed animals with adrenal tumours, the weights of the hypophysis, kidney and submaxillary gland were significantly greater than in intact controls (without adrenal tumours). Body and thymus weights were similar in the spayed and control mice, and there was no femoral osteoporosis in either group. Histologic changes in kidneys of tumour mice were compatible with androgenic stimulation.
Chemical data – Incubation of normal and neoplastic adrenal tissue with progesterone 4-14C showed conversion to corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone. The conversion was accomplished more efficiently by normal than by neoplastic adrenal tissue. There was no evidence for in vitro conversion of progesterone to oestrogens or androgens nor for the storage of these compounds in the adrenal tumours. Corticotrophin content in the tumour mice increased in proportion to the increased weight of the pituitary gland, the concentration of corticotrophin being the same as in the controls.
The morphologic and chemical data taken together suggest an enhanced androgen secretion by the adrenal tumours, but no increase, per unit weight of tissue, in corticosteroid (C21 steroid) production.
THE EFFECT OF INSULIN AND CARDIAZOLE-SHOCK ON PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE IN BLOOD, STUDIED IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: Štolc V. , Pogády J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Significant alterations in the PBI levels occur during insulin shock. In acute schizophrenic states the PBI value falls during the first half hour following administration of coma inducing insulin dose (P < 0.001) while it rises (P < 0.05) in chronic states. In both groups PBI values are significantly higher as against initial values (P < 0.001). PBI values persist at raised levels, as compared to the initial levels, even after interruption of insulin coma through glucose administration. During cardiazole-shock PBI values increase within five minutes following the shock dose. Possible mechanisms explaining these observations are discussed.
DIE BEDEUTUNG VON GONADEN UND HYPOPHYSE FÜR DIE WIRKUNG GONADOTROPER HORMONE AUF DIE SCHILDDRÜSENFUNKTION
Authors: Hasselblatt A. , Ratabongs Ch. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on the thyroid gland of normal, of gonadectomized and of hypophysectomized infantile rats has been studied. Gonadotrophin treatment stimulated the thyroid of normal and hypophysectomized female rats.
A corresponding effect was not observed in gonadectomized female or in normal and gonadectomized male rats.
These results show that the gonadotrophic hormones stimulate thyroid function indirectly by increasing the hormonal secretion of the ovaries. An intimate functional relationship between the ovaries and the thyroid gland was thus demonstrated.
As the stimulating effect of gonadotrophin treatment was also present in hypophysectomized female rats, it was concluded that the oestrogens act directly on the thyroid gland. Their thyrotrophic action is not mediated by the pituitary gland.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PREDNISONE IN THE TREATMENT OF AMENORRHOEA AND ANOVULATORY HAEMORRHAGES
Authors: Seelen J. C. , Bakker J. H. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
14 patients with amenorrhoea and 11 patients with anovulatory haemorrhages were treated with prednisone.
10 patients showed hirsutism and/or increased 17-ketosteroid excretion indicating a possible adrenocortical dysfunction.
6 of 25 patients developed ovulatory haemorrhages, viz. 4 patients with amenorrhoea and 2 patients with anovulatory bleeding. There was no difference in results between the patients with and those without any signs of a disturbance in the adrenocortical function.
With regard to the condition of the patients it is concluded that prednisone has a therapeutic importance in:
conditions related to congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia, virtually regular anovulatory haemorrhages, normo-oestrogenic amenorrhoea.
Since ovarian wedge resection was primarily performed in the successfully treated 4 patients with amenorrhoea, the question arises as to whether the results should not be attributed to the combination of bilateral wedge resection of the ovaries and prednisone treatment. This question is at present under investigation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OESTROGENIC ACTION AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROMA IN THE COCKEREL
Authors: Campbell R. S. F. , Lawrie T. D. V. , Pirrie R. , Maclaurin J. C. , Moran F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparison of the effects of various oestrogenic substances on coronary and aortic atheroma in cholesterol-fed birds has been made. In general, oestrogenic activity paralleled the ability to regress coronary atherosclerosis but there were exceptions. Doisynolic acid, in a dose which produced side-effects comparable with oestradiol, did not significantly alter the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis. Epi-oestradiol, in an experiment of longer duration, and given in a dose which made it a potent oestrogenic substance with typical effects on serum lipids, gonads and sex characters, did not significantly reduce the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis.
NEONATAL CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION OF INFANTS BORN TO DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: Osler Mogens 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Total body water in per cent of body weight at birth and at the time of maximum neonatal weight loss (generally 4 or 5 days after birth) is on the average practically unchanged in normal, full-term infants. Infants born to diabetic mothers exhibit a minor, but not significant decrease. This finding does not support the assumption that diab. infants utilize their fat depots to any marked extent to cover their energy requirement during the first few days of life in which they are often starved and that the large water excretion is due to the burning of fat. It agrees, however, with their high protein metabolism (reflected by the high urinary excretion of nitrogen). The reason why fat is not mobilized is discussed, and it is suggested that hyperinsulinism may be present.
REVERSAL OF THE DECIDUAL-INHIBITING EFFECT OF RELAXIN BY AN INACTIVE DERIVATIVE
Authors: Frieden Edward H. , Velardo Joseph T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Relaxin preparations, isolated from the ovaries of pregnant sows, have previously been shown to inhibit the formation of decidua in the uteri of ovariectomized, pseudopregnant rats treated with progesterone. This effect has been employed to study the interaction of an inactive derivative and the native hormone. When an excess of thioglycollate- or mercaptoethanol-inactivated relaxin is administered simultaneously with native relaxin, the inhibitory effect of the latter is nearly completely abolished. Preparations from the ovaries of non-pregnant sows, of low relaxin content, have a similar effect. It is suggested that the ability to inhibit the effects of a protein hormone may be shared by naturally-occurring proteins structurally related to the native hormone.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN ZEITLICHEN VERLAUF DER 6- UND 16α-HYDROXYLIERUNG VON ÖSTROGENEN DURCH RATTENLEBERSCHNITTE
Authors: Breuer H. , Nocke Lieselotte , Pangels Gerta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
17β-Oestradiol and oestrone were incubated with rat liver slices for various times, and the following metabolites were estimated quantitatively: 17β-oestradiol, 6-hydroxyoestrone, 6-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol and oestriol. From the maxima of the time curves it is concluded that the 6-hydroxy-lase of rat liver attacks both 17β-oestradiol and oestrone, whereas the 16α-hydroxylase acts only on 17β-oestradiol.
ROLE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF RENAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Fregly Melvin J. , Cook Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anti-thyroid drugs, thiouracil, propylthiouracil, and methimazole, prevented both development of elevated blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy usually accompanying kidney encapsulation with latex envelopes. These drugs also reduced elevated blood pressure of rats with hypertension of 13 to 40 weeks' duration prior to drug administration. Addition of desiccated thyroid powder to diet containing an anti-thyroid drug overcame the anti-hypertensive effect of the latter. Withdrawal of thyroid powder only was followed by return of blood pressure to previous low level within 3 weeks.
The results suggest that the anti-hypertensive effect of these drugs is related directly to the hypothyroidism produced rather than to extrathyroidal effects of the drugs. Comparison of potencies of the 3 drugs in terms of anti-hypertensive effect, inhibition of growth rate, increase in testicular size, and increase in thyroid size suggests that propylthiouracil and methimazole are equally potent per unit weight of drug. Thiouracil has approximately half the potency of the other two.
EFFECT OF SEX HORMONES ON EHRLICH MOUSE ASCITES CANCER
Authors: Ahlström C. G. , Jonsson N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ehrlich mouse ascites cancer grew better during the first 3 days after inoculation in female than in male mice. The difference was only demonstrable on inoculation with small doses of cancer cells and could not be seen when large doses were used. On the 5th day after inoculation no difference could be observed in the growth of the cancer between males and females.
Gonadectomy had no influence on the growth of the cancer.
Testosterone inhibited the growth of the cancer in castrated male mice.
It had no effect on the growth of the cancer in castrated female mice.
Oestradiol did not influence the growth of the cancer in castrated male or female mice.
It is noteworthy that the results obtained in a previous investigation on the growth of the Ehrlich mouse ascites cancer in hamsters revealed a hormonal influence which was only discernible in its natural host during the early growth of the cancer and then only after transplantation of a relatively small number of cancer cells.
A COMPARISON OF PLASMA 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVELS WITH THE URINARY EXCRETION OF 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS AND 17-KETOSTEROIDS
Authors: Lingjoerde Per , Kirkeby Knut , Hangård Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma 17-OHCS and urinary excretion of 17-KGS and 17-KS have been compared in 24 patients with chronic polyarthritis, who had been treated for years with corticosteroids. All medication was discontinued 3 days before this investigation. To test the adrenal cortical response the patients were given intramuscular injections of 40 IU of a long-acting ACTH preparation twice daily on 6 consecutive days. Plasma 17-OHCS were determined at 8 a. m. before the first ACTH injection and 3 hours after the injection on the first and sixth treatment days. The urinary concentration of 17-KGS and 17-KS were measured in 24 hour samples on the control day, and on the first and sixth days of treatment.
The results show a greater variation in the 17-KS groups than in the 17-KGS and 17-OHCS groups, the smallest variation being in the 17-OHCS groups. There is a significant increase in all values after the first ACTH injection and a further significant increase after the sixth injection, but the t-values are much larger in the 17-OHCS groups than in the 17-KS groups, while the 17-KGS groups occupy an intermediate position. The plasma 17-OHCS values correlate better with the urinary 17-KGS than with the 17-KS. The correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KGS is not very good (P > 0.05). There is a negative correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KS control values, and the correlation after ACTH is very poor. 17-KGS correlate well with 17-KS (P < 0.01).
HORMONES THYROIDIENNES ET METABOLISME DU CHOLESTEROL CHEZ LE POULET
Authors: Michel Raymond , Cabanne Ferdinand , Truchot Roger , Roche Jean 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3:5:3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), l-thyroxine (T4), 3:5:3′-triiodothyroacetic acetic acid (TA3) and 3:5:3′-triiodothyropropionic acid (TP3) have an hypocholesterolaemic effect in chickens fed on an atherogenic diet. This effect, chiefly observed with the three former drugs, generally continues for a month. After that, we observe a rapid rise in serum cholesterol. The liver cholesterol and the serum lipids are greatly increased by a prolonged thyroid treatment. This rise is followed by a decrease of liver coenzyme A content. This is due to the utilization of this compound, for the conjugation of the bile acids which are produced at an increased rate by the degradation of the lipids. Histological analysis have shown that if hypercholesterolaemia is generally responsible for the lipids aortic infiltration, this is not always observed. The anatomo-biochemical correlation is also a process of an extreme complexity.
THE EFFECTS OF RESERPINE ON HISTAMINE TOLERANCE AND ENDOCRINE ORGANS OF THE RAT
Authors: Sackler A. M. , Weltman A. S. , Bradshaw M. , Heilman F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Reserpine administration resulted in a rise in histamine tolerance of male rats as evidenced by a rise in histamine LD50. This increase in histamine LD50 is characteristic of small doses of reserpine; larger doses resulted in an increased treatment of period mortality, marked endocrine and body weight losses.
OCCURRENCE OF δ5-3β-HYDROXYSTEROIDS IN ADRENAL AND TESTICULAR TISSUE
Authors: Neher Robert , Wettstein Albert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnenolone (3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one) and 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone (3β, 17-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one) have been isolated for the first time from pig adrenals, in which no trace of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA, 3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one) could be detected. It has been possible, however, to obtain DHA from bovine testes, which in turn contained no 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone.
In view of the enzymatic reactions which androgens are known to undergo in adrenal and testicular tissue, these findings strongly support the assumption that DHA is chiefly derived from adrenal 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone. They also provide reliable evidence in favour of the view that in both adrenal and testicular tissue two pregnenolone-dependent androgen pathways exist, the major adrenal pathway being pregnenolone→ 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone → DHA → androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, and the major testicular pathway: pregnenolone → progesterone → 17α-hydroxy-progesterone → androstenedione.
ALLYLESTRENOL, A PREGNANCY MAINTAINING ORAL GESTAGEN
Authors: Madjerek Z. , de Visser J. , van der Vies J. , Overbeek G. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the search for a pregnancy maintaining steroid allylestrenol has been found orally active in the Clauberg assay, the mouse deciduoma test and in maintaining pregnancy in spayed rats. It has been shown to be practically devoid of androgenic, oestrogenic and gonad- and adrenal-inhibiting properties; no impairment of pregnancy and no influence on the external genitalia of foetuses were observed. Some antioestrogenic activity is present. In chronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs no signs of general toxicity were observed.
Allylestrenol can thus be considered as a pure and complete oral gestagen.
A NEW CLASS OF LONG-ACTING STEROID HORMONE ESTERS
Authors: Diczfalusy Egon 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new class of long-acting steroid hormone esters is described. The new compounds are esters of p-alkoxyphenyl propionic acid. By varying the length of the alkoxy group between 3 and 12 carbon atoms, long-acting esters of testosterone, 19-nortestosterone, 17β-oestradiol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and cortisone were obtained. When administered to laboratory animals, the intensity and duration of the effect of some of the new esters was greatly superior to that of similar long-acting esters currently used in therapeutics.