bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for suppressor cells in Lewis rats' experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Adda D.‐H. , Beraud Evelyne , Depieds R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate a suppressive activity on the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, transferable to syngeneic animals, challenged with encephalitogenic mixture (myelin basic protein, complete Freund's adjuvant plus Bordetella pertussis organisms) 24 h later. This activity is probably effected by T cells and not by (an) inhibitory serum factor(s). The induction of this specific protection could be due to the penetration of the myelin basic protein antigen into the thymus where we first found suppressive cells. From the thymus, suppressor cells could then emigrate to spleen (on day 15) and to nondraining lymph nodes (on day 17). In the course of normal EAE in Lewis rats and especially at the time of self cure, this suppression is not demonstrated, but possible.
Characterization of syngeneic anti‐idiotypic antibody against the idiotype of BALB/c myeloma protein J558
Authors: Schuler W. , Weiler E. , Kolb H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/c mice were immunized against the idiotype of BALB/c myeloma J558. Syngeneic, specific anti‐idiotypic antibodies against this germ line idiotype were shown by the isoelectric focusing technique to be markedly heterogeneous. In fact, the heterogeneity of isogeneic anti‐idiotypic sera appeared to be comparable to those of allogeneic anti‐JSS8 sera, raised in A/J and CB20 mice. As a rule, individual mice exhibit different clonal spectra. By spleen cell transfer experiments, each individual spectrum of clones could be expanded in order to arrive at an estimate of the size of anti‐idiotypic repertoires. These were found to be of the order of 7–16 different anti‐idiotypic clones for an individual BALB/c mouse. From the infrequency of clonal repetition we conclude that the repertoire of the BALB/c strain must be well in excess of one hundred anti‐idiotypic molecular species.
Analysis of the alloimmune properties of a recombinant genotype in the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken
Authors: Vilhelmová Miloslava , Miggiano V.C. , Pink J.R.L. , Hála K. , Hart‐manová Jana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a population of (CB x CC)F1 x WB hybrids, a chicken was found with a presumably recombinant haplotype, BR1, whose antigenic products detectable by hemagglutination contained determinants derived from both parental haplotypes, i.e. B1 (from CB) and B2 (from CC). This recombinant bird and its progeny from different crosses were tested by skin grafting, graft‐vs .‐host (GVH) and mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). The results define two regions of the B system, the B‐F and the B–G. The B–F region determined serologically defined antigens, histocompatibility antigens, and controlled the GVH and MLR reactions, while the B–G region was responsible only for synthesis of serologically detectable antigens.
Rabbits possess conventional T lymphocytes
Authors: Bell Clara , Wigzell H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit lymphocytes have been analyzed as to surface Ig markers in relation to the function of the cells. A battery of specific anti‐Ig reagents as well as supposed B and T cell‐specific mitogens were used, and DNA synthesis as well as high‐rate Ig synthesis in vitro were recorded.Using cells from spleen, lymph node or blood, surface Ig‐negative lymphocytes expressed the expected behavior of T lymphocytes. No evidence was found of significant expression of allotypic markers on the surface of such nonactivated rabbit T lymphocytes.Lymphoid cells from bone marrow constituted an exception to the rule in the sense that they contained a high proportion of cells being surface Ig‐negative at the time of anti‐Ig column fractionation. They did, however, rapidly express surface Ig molecules as well as B cell markers as judged by B cell mitogenic stimulation shortly after in vitro explantation.In conclusion, we failed to find any constant region Ig markers on rabbit lymphocytes, which in every sense behave like conventional T lymphocytes.
Ly and la phenotype of suppressor T cells induced by graft‐vs. ‐host reaction
Authors: Shand F.L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuppressor T cells were generated in (CBA x C57BL)F1 mice undergoing graf t‐vs. ‐host (GvH) reaction and treated with anti‐Ly and anti‐Ia antisera to determine their membrane antigen phenotype. Pretreatment of CBA‐induced GvH suppressor T cells with anti‐Ly‐1.1, anti‐Ly‐2.1 or anti‐Iak anti‐sera plus complement abrogated their suppressive properties when tested against primed F1 spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, concanavalin A (Con A)‐induced suppressor T cells were insensitive to anti‐Ly‐1.1 serum. It is concluded that GvH‐induced suppressor T cells are Ly‐1+,2+,3+,Ia+, and thus distinct from Con A or antigen‐induced suppressor T cells.
Secondary IgG responses to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide III. T cell requirement for development of B memory
Authors: Braley‐Mullen Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice primed with a thymus‐dependent form of Type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3), i.e. S3 coupled to erythrocytes (S3‐RBC) produce S3‐specific IgG antibody after secondary challenge with S3‐RBC. When mice are depleted of T cells by treatment with anti‐lymphocyte serum (ALS) at the time of priming, no IgG antibody is produced after secondary challenge. In order to determine the cellular basis for this phenomenon, various combinations of T and/or B cells from ALS‐treated or normal primed mice were transferred to irradiated recipients prior to secondary challenge with S3‐RBC. The results indicated that T cells were required at the time of priming with S3‐RBC in order to (a) prevent the induction of tolerance in S3‐specific B cells in mice primed with high doses of S3‐RBC, and (b) induce differentiation of IgG‐producing B cell precursors to Bλ memory cells in mice primed with low doses of antigen.
In rat bone marrow Thy‐1 antigen is present on cells with membrane immunoglobulin and on precursors of peripheral B lymphocytes
Authors: Hunt S.V. , Mason D.W. , Williams A.F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat bone marrow cells carrying Thy‐1 antigen were studied morphologically, and tested for their independence of the thymus and their relationship to the B lymphocyte lineage.Using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter to separate Thy‐1+ and Thy‐1‐ fractions, it has been confirmed that up to 50 % of all nucleated bone marrow cells are Thy‐1+, most of which have the morphology of small lymphocytes. Thy‐1‐cells were mainly neutrophils and erythroid. Thy‐1+ cells were found also in the marrow of B rats (rats thymectomized as adults, irradiated and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow from thymectomized donors drained of recirculating lymphocytes), though at a lower frequency (roughly half) than of normal rats. In both normal and B rats about 1/4 of the Thy‐1+ cells also bore lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin (sIg), and these doubly labeled cells accounted for the majority (∼ 2/3) of marrow cells carrying large amounts of sIg. Therefore, unlike mice, Thy‐1 is not a marker of thymus‐dependent lymphocytes in rats.The B precursor activity of marrow fractions was measured in a long‐term re‐constitution assay counting sIg+ cells in the thoracic duct of lethally irradiated recipients. Virtually all the precursors were in the Thy‐1+ or sIg‐ fractions, and were barely detectable among Thy‐1‐ or sIg+ cells. Thus, in the rat peripheral B lymphocytes descend from precursors bearing Thy‐1 antigen but lacking sIg.
Effect of a human serum thymic factor on hydrocortisone‐treated thymocytes
Authors: Astaldi Giulia C.B. , Astaldi A. , Groenewoud Marjorie , Wijermans P. , Schellekens P.Th.A. , Eijsvoogel V.P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human serum thymic factor (SF) stimulated cyclic adenosine‐3′,5′‐mono‐phosphate (cAMP) synthesis in normal mouse thymocytes. Such stimulation was no longer observed when thymocytes were depleted of hydrocortisone (HC)‐sensitive cells. It was concluded that SF selectively stimulates cAMP in HC‐sensitive cells. Furthermore, incubation of thymocytes with SF enlarged the population of HC‐resistant thymocytes.These results suggest that SF might act on HC‐sensitive thymocytes increasing their cellular cAMP level and inducing their transformation in HC‐resistant cells.
Presence of common idiotypes on antibodies induced by glutamic acid‐lysine‐containing terpolymers in responder and nonresponder mice with the lg‐1b heavy chain allotype
Authors: Kipps T.J. , Benacerraf B. , Dorf M.E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA B10.A(5R) responder mouse to the random linear terpolymer, poly‐L‐(Glu, Lys, Phe), GLΦ, can produce immunoglobulins which bind poly‐L (Glu, Lys), GL, that share idiotypic determinants with GL‐ binding antibodies produced by other members of the same strain. Expression of these common idiotypic determinants, termed BGL, is independent of the H‐2 haplotype and closely linked to the Ig‐1b heavy chain allotype. Moreover, nonresponder mice with the Ig‐1b heavy chain allotype, when immunized with GLΦ that has been chemically coupled to an immunogenic carrier, chicken IgG, can produce GL‐binding antibodies that share BGL idiotypic specificities with anti‐GLΦ antibodies produced by responder animals. Also, the responses to other GL‐containing polymers, such as poly‐L (Glu, Lys, Ala) and poly‐L (Glu, Lys, Pro), which are under the control of distinct Ir genes, can stimulate the production of GL‐binding antibodies that share common BGL idiotypic determinants with antibodies induced with GLΦ. These findings are discussed with respect to their implications concerning the mechanism(s) of Ir gene control.
Activation of human B and T lymphocytes by protein A of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ringdén O. , Rynnel‐Dagöö Britta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtein A from Staphylococcus aureus, in soluble form or coupled to Sepharose beads, acts as a polyclonal B cell activator (PBA) for human lymphocytes in blood and spleen.PBA activity was demonstrated in spleen cells by the ability of protein A to induce the formation of intracellular immunoglobulin synthesis and to activate polyclonal antibody secretion demonstrated against fluorescein isothiocyanatecoupled sheep erythrocytes in a modified hemolysis in gel assay. More plaqueforming cells (PFC) were seen in unseparated cells than in purified B cells. In blood lymphocytes, only few PFC were activated by soluble protein A.Protein A increased DNA synthesis in blood and spleen cells. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml the peak response was on day 4 or 5, but at 1 μg/ml the peak response occurred later. On day 4 of culture, high mitogenic activity was seen in unseparated lymphocytes or mixtures of separated B and T cells, whereas in enriched B and T cell suspensions activity was low. On day 7, however, DNA synthesis in both the enriched B and T cells was higher than in mixtures of B and T cells. Protein A stimulated DNA synthesis in thymus cells with a peak response on day 6. It is concluded that protein A alone or as an IgG complex can activate both B and T cells, though the mechanism of activation is not known and may be different for B and T cells.
Immunoglobulin production by lymphocyte hybridomas
Authors: Köhler G. , Hengartner H. , Shulman M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated immunoglobulin production by cloned hybrid cells. γ2b heavy chains, but not γ1 or γ2a, exist in two forms, differing in molecular weight, galactose labeling and charge. Hybrid molecules containing γ2b and γ1 heavy chains were secreted by hybridoma cells synthesizing Ig molecules of both subclasses. However, cells synthesizing both IgM and IgG chains did not secrete μ‐γ hybrid molecules. We have surveyed many new hybridomas derived from different mouse strains: 10 % of those secreting IgM produce a μ chain which is about 5000 daltons larger than normal μ. Two IgM‐secreting lines were studied in detail and were found to bear μ but not δ in their membrane. Intra‐ and extracellular μ differ in molecular size; pentameric IgM‐containing molecules of both sizes were observed in the membrane fraction.
The number of antibody‐producing clones as revealed by the distribution of allelic variants of immunoglobulin light chains
Authors: Rokhlin O. V. , Livshits M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new method of evaluation of the number of clonal precursors of antibody‐producing cells based on the phenomenon of allelic exclusion is proposed. The distribution of the allotypes of specific antibodies in the population of heterozygous F1 hybrids depends on the number of clonal precursor cells. The smaller the number of precursors, the larger the variance of the distribution. The frequency of clones producing antibodies to the azobenzoate hapten (∼ 10−8 after first and ∼ 10−9 after second and third immunizations) in (MSU × August)F1 rats calculated in the present work is in reasonable agreement with the data obtained (for other haptens) by limiting dilution cloning assays. The difference in the numbers of anti‐hapten and anti‐carrier clones is discussed. The numbers of IgM and IgG‐synthesizing clones are calculated from the distributions of the allelic variants of corresponding rat antibodies to lactoside. The data suggest the existence of distinct IgG precursors which contradicts the hypothesis of IgM‐IgG switch within the clones only.
Tumor‐induced changes in T cell mitogen responses in rats: Suppression of spleen and blood lymphocyte responses and enhancement of thymocyte responses
Authors: Kruisbeek Ada M. , Zijlstra Jelly , Zurcher C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConcanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responses of spleen and blood lymphocytes from tumor‐bearing (TB) rats were found to be markedly depressed in 4 different models employing tumors of spontaneous origin. Removal of phagocytic cells from both spleen and blood lymphocyte suspensions led to a complete restoration of the responses, indicating that the decreased responses were not due to intrinsic defects in the lymphocytes. The reduction was shown to be due to the inhibitory effect of an increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells.In addition, TB induced an atrophy of the thymus and a decrease in the number of thymic lymphocytes, mainly due to severe lymphocyte depletion in the cortex. The cells that remained in the thymus exhibited increased responsiveness to PHA and Con A as compared to thymus cells from normal rats. Similar results were found in hydrocortisone acetate‐treated rats, suggesting that TB leads to a decrease in nonresponsive, cortical corticosteroid‐sensitive thymocytes.
Identification of T cell subpopulations binding phytohemagglutinin: functional characteristics
Authors: Callard R. E. , Basten A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes binding 125I‐labeled phytohemagglutinin (125I‐PHA) were directly quantitated by autoradiography. The distribution of grain counts proved to be trimodal indicating the presence of three distinct subpopulations of PHA‐binding cells. Low intensity binders (median grain count of 8–12 grains/cell) predominated in spleen and lymph node, included B and T cells, and responded to the mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). High intensity binders (median grain count greater than 60 grains/cell) occurred at low frequency in every lymphoid organ, were T cells, and included mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)‐reactive but not PHA‐reactive cells as judged by preferential sensitivity to suicide with 125I‐PHA. Medium intensity binders (median grain count of 40–45 grains/cell) predominated in the thymus, formed a subpopulation in the spleen and lymph nodes of normal mice, but were absent from bone marrow of normal mice and the spleen of nude mice. In addition, their numbers were markedly reduced following adult thymectomy and cortisone treatment indicating that they were most likely T cells of recent thymic origin.PHA‐reactive cells were considered to belong to the medium intensity PHA‐binding subpopulation. This conclusion was based on the following: first, medium intensity binders, like PHA‐reactive cells, were T cells; second, they were contained in the same subpopulation of T cells as PHA‐reactive cells. That is, they were of recent thymic origin (T1 cells) according to studies of tissue distribution, cortisone sensitivity and effect of adult thymectomy; third, “suicide” of the response to PHA as well as to allogeneic cells but not LPS was achieved by prior incubation of cells with high doses of soluble 125I‐PHA, whereas lower doses resulted only in abrogation of the MLC response. In other words, PHA‐reactive cells resided in the medium, rather than high intensity subpopulation of binding cells. By analogy with suicide of antigen‐binding cells, this observation implies that PHA binds preferentially to those cells responding to it, and confirms the validity of using mitogen activation as a model for antigen‐induced triggering. On the other hand, binding of PHA to a subpopulation of T cells casts doubt on the value of the PHA response as a measure of overall T Cell function. Support for this conclusion came from the failure of PHA suicide to abrogate effector T cell activities such as help and suppression.
Enhancement by IgM rheumatoid factor of in vitro ingestion by macrophages and in vivo clearance of aggregated IgG or antigen‐antibody complexes
Authors: Van Snick J. L. , Van Roost E. , Markowetz B. , Cambiaso C. L. , Masson P. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyclonal as well as monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) markedly enhanced both the attachment and ingestion of heat‐aggregated human IgG (HAG) by mouse alveolar macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral monocytes. This effect depended upon the integrity of the Fc fragment of the HAG as shown by the experiments performed with reduced and alkylated HAG. Marked differences in the stimulation index were observed between the five tested RF.When we compared the effect of complement (C) and/or RF on the total amounts of HAG cleared from the medium, i.e. the sum of the HAG associated with the cells and the digestion products released in the medium, the addition of C alone resulted in a 10‐fold increase, the addition of RF alone in a 20‐fold increase, and the addition of both RF and C in a 10‐fold increase. Apparently, the effect of RF was mainly on the binding of HAG to macrophages, whereas C mainly induced ingestion as indicated by the increased release of degradation products.Antigen‐antibody (AgAb) complexes were prepared with 125I‐labeled human transferrin as antigen and mouse anti‐transferrin serum at various Ag/Ab ratios. Without RF, a significant uptake occurred up to a 3‐fold Ag excess. RF caused a 3‐fold increase of the uptake of complexes prepared at equivalence, but an 80‐fold increase of the uptake of the complexes prepared in 10‐fold Ag excess.Gradient ultracentrifugation of the AgAb complexes showed that the enhancement of the uptake due to RF was related to the increase of the sedimentation rate of the complexes. However, an excess of RF decreased its enhancing effect on endocytosis.One hour after the intraperitoneal injection of complexes in 10‐fold Ag excess, the radioactivity of the peritoneal cells was 14 times higher when the complexes were pre‐incubated with RF than with complexes not preincubated with RF. Similar complexes were also injected intravenously. The 13 S fraction which was visible on the ultracentrifugation profile in the absence of RF was eliminated very slowly, whereas the “heavy” fraction (> 30 S) which appeared after addition of RF, was cleared from the plasma in 25 sec.
Transformation capacity of human blood lymphocytes in relation to their specific gravity; another heterogeneity of lymphocyte reactivity
Authors: Th. Schut Bep. J. , Loos H. A. , Roos Marijke Th. L. , Pinkster Tinie , Zeijlemaker W. P. , Schellekens P. Th. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy separation of human blood lymphocyte suspensions on isotonic linear density gradients, fractions were obtained which differed in their response in vitro towards mitogens, antigens and allogeneic lymphocytes, as tested by incorporation of radioactive thymidine. Next, light (ρ < 1.067 g/cm3) and heavy (ρ > 1.067 g/cm3) lymphocytes were separated on discontinuous density, gradients and their reactivity tested to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, purified protein derivative of tuberculin, a cocktail of antigens, and in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The light lymphocytes responded 1.6 to 6 times more strongly than the heavy lymphocytes (p < 0.0005) to all stimuli tested. The spontaneous thymidine incorporation of the light lymphocytes was 16 times as high as that of the heavy lymphocytes. In controls, the recombined light and heavy lymphocytes showed the same reactivity as the unseparated cell suspension. Furthermore, the stimulatory capacity in the MLC was significantly higher in the light lymphocyte fraction than in the heavy lymphocytes. Finally, the capacity to recruit and to be recruited in the lymphocyte reaction on antigens was also highest in the light lymphocytes.The light and heavy lymphocytes showed a similar dose response curve as well as time courses in the response to all stimuli tested. Addition of purified monocytes to the heavy lymphocytes to the same level as was found in the light lymphocyte fraction did not restore the level of reactivity to that of the light lymphocytes. The heavy and light lymphocytes contained identical proportions of T (E rosettes), B (IgG‐bearing cells) and C3 receptor‐bearing lymphocytes (EAC rosettes). The two fractions had similar cytotoxic capacity in antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity.It is concluded that the reactivity differences are an intrinsic property of the heavy and light lymphocyte subsets.
Induction of immunological tolerance to the penicilloyl antigenic determinant. I. Evaluation of penicilloylated amino acid polymers and copolymers in mice
Authors: Otz Ursula , Schneider C. H. , De Weck A. L. , Gruden Elsbeth , Gill T. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody responses to the penicilloyl (BPO) group, the major antigenic determinant of penicillin allergy induced in C3H mice by penicilloylated bovine gamma globulin in complete Freund's adjuvant, were reduced or abolished by various amino acid polymers and copolymers of different composition and size carrying BPO groups. Tolerogenic treatment was effective before or after primary immunization and also during anamnestic responses. The unresponsive state was of long duration and persisted even after several booster injections when efficient tolerogens were used. Among the most promising tolerogens are fully penicilloylated oligolysines with a molecular weight below 10 000.