bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Arthroscopic Approaches and Accessible Anatomic Structures During Arthroscopy of the Caudal Pouches of Equine Femorotibial Joints
Authors: WATTS ASHLEE E. , NIXON ALAN J. 
Published: April 2006

Objective—To (1) describe a caudal approach to equine medial and lateral femorotibial (FT) joints and (2) illustrate the complex anatomic detail of the caudal compartments of the lateral FT joint.Study Design—Prospective experimental study.Animals—Cadaveric equine hindlimbs (n=36; 26 horses) and 6 horses (11 hind limbs).Methods—Stifles (n=8) were dissected and 10 FT joints were injected with silicone. Arthroscopic exploration (n=29) was performed, followed by dissection to determine sites and structures penetrated during entry.Results—A more caudal approach to the caudal pouch of the medial FT improved anatomic observation. A more caudal approach to the caudal pouch of the lateral FT joint occasionally caused damage to the common peroneal nerve; however, after reverting to the previously described approach, damage was avoided.Conclusion—Arthroscopy of the caudal pouch of the medial FT joint was facilitated using a more caudomedial approach, which improved observation of intrasynovial structures, most importantly, the caudal cruciate ligament and caudal horn of the medial meniscus. A more caudal approach to the caudal pouch of the lateral FT joint cannot be safely performed without risk to the common peroneal nerve and therefore the standard caudal approach is described in detail.Clinical Relevance—A caudomedial arthroscopic approach allows improved surgical assessment of meniscal or caudal cruciate ligament injury. Care should be exercised when exploring the caudal pouch of the lateral FT joint because the common peroneal nerve is variably located and could easily be damaged during arthroscope or instrument insertion, especially if the limb is minimally flexed.
Pullout Strength for Three Suture Patterns Used for Canine Tracheal Anastomosis
Authors: DEMETRİOU JACKIE L. , HUGHES RHODRI , SISSENER THOMAS R. 
Published: April 2006

Objective— To compare pullout strength of 3 suture patterns used for canine tracheal anastomosis.Study Design— Experimental study.Sample Population— Cadaveric canine tracheae (n=20).Method— Tracheal segments were anastomosed with 1 of 3 suture patterns: simple continuous, simple interrupted, and simple interrupted reinforced with horizontal mattress, each encircling annular cartilage rings adjacent to the transection site. Horizontal mattress sutures encircled the annular rings proximal and distal to the rings closest to the anastomosis. Each construct was distracted (0.5 mm/s) in a materials testing machine to failure. Load–displacement curves were generated and failure load (pullout strength) determined and mode of failure recorded.Results— Tracheal anastomosis with a simple interrupted pattern was significantly weaker (mean±SD pullout strength, 102.55±30.14 N) than simple continuous (135.53±15.47 N) or simple interrupted plus horizontal mattress (132.39±21.46 N), which were not different from each other. Mode of failure was consistently by suture tear out.Conclusions— Both simple continuous and simple interrupted reinforced with horizontal mattress suture patterns have significant biomechanical advantage over a simple interrupted pattern alone in canine cadaveric tracheal anastomosis. The simple continuous pattern had the least variability in pullout strength.Clinical Relevance— A simple continuous technique should be considered when selecting a tension‐relieving pattern for canine tracheal anastomosis. It offers the same biomechanical advantage as a simple interrupted pattern reinforced with a horizontal mattress pattern and its strength appears to be reliably maintained when tested in canine cadaver tracheae.
Use of the Lip‐to‐Lid Flap for Replacement of the Lower Eyelid in Five Cats
Authors: HUNT GERALDINE B. 
Published: April 2006

Objective— To report outcomes after reconstruction of the lower eyelid following resection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Five cats (6 eyelids).Methods— Case records were reviewed for breed, sex, surgical findings, complications, and outcome.Results— Six eyelids were reconstructed in 5 cats; functional outcome was excellent. Neither wound breakdown nor flap failure occurred. An area of superficial necrosis occurred in 1 cat; this spared the eyelid margin and healed by secondary intention without any cosmetic or functional effect. One cat was euthanatized 18 months later because of a nasal mass. The relationship between the nasal mass and the previously excised SCC was not established.Conclusions— Reconstruction of the lower eyelid using a lip‐to‐lid flap yields satisfactory functional and cosmetic results in cats.Clinical Relevance— A lip to lid flap is a successful form of single‐stage reconstruction after lower eyelid excision in cats.
Outcomes of Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts Occluded with Ameroid Constrictors in Nine Dogs and One Cat
Authors: BRIGHT STEVEN R. , WILLIAMS JOHN M. , NILES JACQUI D. 
Published: April 2006

Objective—To report outcome after ameroid constrictor (AC) use for single intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IPSS).Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Nine dogs and 1 cat.Methods—Medical records (1999–2003) of dogs and cats with surgically confirmed IPSS were reviewed. Recorded data was: breed, sex, weight, age at surgery, clinical signs, serum biochemical and hematologic data, shunt anatomy, AC size, hospitalization, complications, and owner perception of their animal's response to surgery. Owners were contacted twice postoperatively (between 20 and 75 months) and asked to complete a simple questionnaire.Results—With this technique, complication rate was low and postligation neurologic dysfunction was not observed. In the cat and 7 dogs, clinical signs attributed to IPPS resolved and animals were fed a non‐prescription diet without medication. One dog died suddenly 18 months after surgery from causes unrelated to hepatic disease. One dog was euthanatized 23 months after surgery because of repeated, increasingly refractory episodes of hepatic encephalopathy.Conclusion—AC provides a safe and effective method for occlusion of some IPPS.Clinical Relevance—AC should be considered for occlusion of some IPPS in dogs and cats.
Heart Rate Turbulence Slope Reduction in Imminent Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia and its Implications
Authors: WATANABE MARI A. 
Published: April 2006

Introduction: The aim of this study was to see whether heart rate turbulence (HRT) parameters change preceding imminent ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT/VF). Methods and Results: The Spontaneous Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Database (Medtronic Version 1.0) consisting of 83 paired (control and pre‐VT/VF) sets of 1,000 RR intervals recorded by the Medtronic Jewel Plus ICD was used. Sixty‐one control records and 69 pre‐VT/VF records had two or more ectopic beats, allowing calculation of six HRT indices: means and standard deviations (SD) of turbulence slope (TS), turbulence onset (TO), and turbulence timing (TT). The only index found to be different between control and pre‐VT/VF records was SD of TS (4.2 ± 3.0 control vs 3.1 ± 1.9 pre‐VT/VF, P < 0.05). Thirty‐one datasets classified as having normal HRT in control demonstrated a decrease of both TS mean (P < 0.01) and SD (P < 0.01), and loss of correlation between TS mean and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) preceding VT/VF (P < 0.0001 control, P = 0.8 pre‐VT/VF). Conclusion: Both mean and SD of TS are reduced before VT/VF, but only in patients who have normal baseline HRT, and are capable of manifesting reduction. This may be why previous studies could not agree on pre‐arrhythmia characteristics.
The immunohistology of CD40 in human oral epithelium in health and disease
Authors: Dorrego Mariana Villarroel , Speight Paul M. , William Barrett A. 
Published: April 2006

Background:  CD40 has a role in the regulation of immune responses, cell proliferation and migration, and apoptosis. Little is known of its distribution in oral mucosal pathology.Methods:  Oral keratinocyte lines were tested for CD40 protein by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain paraffin sections of oral mucosa in health and in inflammatory, reactive, dysplastic and malignant disease.Results:  Western blotting confirmed the presence of CD40 in oral keratinocytes. CD40 was generally expressed by keratinocytes in the basal layer, with variable parabasal expression. Langerhans cells also stained positively. Expression was lost in nine of 33 (27%) epithelial dysplasias, seven of which were severe. Eighty‐one percent of well, 69% of moderately and 50% of poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) expressed CD40. Overall, 45 of 65 (69%) OSCC were positive. The pattern of expression was unrelated to tumour differentiation.Conclusion:  CD40 expression by basal and parabasal oral keratinocytes is physiological. Expression is lost in approximately one‐third of oral epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. The significance of such loss remains unknown, but may be related to immunological or other abnormalities of keratinocyte homeostasis.
Mishaps and serious complications in endodontic obturation
Authors: GLUSKIN ALAN H. 
Published: April 2006

There are numerous examples reported in the literature that cite and document many disabling complications to the alveolar bone, neurovascular anatomy and maxillary sinus following overextension of root canal filling materials. Neural complications as a consequences of endodontic obturation as well as other server outcomes to overfill are a serious problem. These injuries require a thoughful strategy for prevention during endodontic procedures as well as a responsible systematic approach to management, should the outcome of endodontic therapy produce an injury.This monogrph will focus on measures that can prevent obturation mishaps which occur under the most vulnerable of circumstances during the course of endodontic therapy. This paper will also critically review the toxicity of materials used in endodontic obturation and seek to identify those principal factors which affect prognosis after injury.
Wound‐healing trajectories as outcome measures of venous stasis ulcer treatment*
Authors: Steed David L , Hill Donald P , Woodske Matthew E , Payne Wyatt G , Robson Martin C 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOutcome measures of venous ulcer healing are not uniformly accepted. Stringent criteria of 100% closure fail to provide information of healing over the entire span of repair. Wound‐healing trajectories (plot of percentage of wound closure versus time of wound treatment) were constructed for 232 patients treated in eight clinical trials at two independent wound care/research centres. Trajectories were constructed for ulcers that totally healed (100% closure) and those that did not (<100% closure) over a 20‐week period. Kaplan–Meier survival plots determined the percentage of patients achieving total healing versus time of treatment. The wound‐healing trajectories were almost identical for patients achieving complete ulcer healing, as were the trajectories for patients with less than 100% closure. The trajectories for the ulcers healing completely were significantly different from those with <100% closure. Only 60% of all patients achieved 100% closure by 20 weeks. Using linear regression, it was predicted that it would take 31 weeks for all patients to achieve total healing. Total healing is an inadequate outcome measure for healing of venous stasis ulcers. Clinical trials using this measure would require excessive time periods. As wound‐healing trajectories for patients treated at two centres mimic one another, shifting the wound‐healing trajectory from one of impaired healing to one of a more ideal healing course may be considered a better outcome measure for determining healing of venous stasis ulcers.
High-significance Sunyaev–Zel'dovich measurement: Abell 1914 seen with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
Authors:   AMI Collaboration, Barker Robert , Biddulph Phillip , Bly Dennis , Boysen Roger , Brown Anthony , Clementson Christopher , Crofts Michael , Culverhouse Thomas , Czeres Jaroslaw , Dace Roger , D'Alessandro Robert , Doherty Peter , Duffett-Smith Peter , Duggan Kenneth , Ely John , Felvus Mike , Flynn William , Geisbüsch Jörn , Grainge Keith , Grainger William , Hammet David , Hills Richard , Hobson Michael , Holler Christian , Jilley Roy , Jones Michael E. , Kaneko Takeshi , Kneissl Rüdiger , Lancaster Katy , Lasenby Anthony , Marshall Phil , Newton Francis , Norris Oliver , Northrop Ian , Pooley Guy , Quy Vic , Saunders Richard D. E. , Scaife Anna , Schofield Jack , Scott Paul , Shaw Clive , Taylor Angela C. , Titterington David , Velić Marko , Waldram Elizabeth , West Simon , Wood Brian , Yassin Ghassan , Zwart Jonathan 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We report the first detection of a Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (S–Z) decrement using the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI). We have made commissioning observations towards the cluster of galaxies A1914 and detected the S–Z effect with a significance of 17σ in a uv-tapered map at a mean frequency of 15.75 GHz. The integrated S–Z flux density of −8.6 ± 0.5 mJy is consistent with a simple X-ray derived model for the intracluster gas. We find that the spectrum of the decrement, measured in the six channels between 13.5–18 GHz, fits well to that expected for the S–Z effect. The sensitivity of the telescope is consistent with the figures used in our simulations of cluster surveys with AMI.
EFFECT OF 1‐METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON AROMA COMPOUNDS IN “BIG TOP” NECTARINES AFTER SHELF LIFE
Authors: RIZZOLO ANNA , ZERBINI PAOLA ECCHER , GRASSI MAURIZIO , CAMBIAGHI PAOLA , BIANCHI GIULIA 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT “Big Top” nectarines picked at two dates (Pick 1 and Pick 2) and treated at harvest with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 µL/L 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) when fruit ripening had already started were kept at 20 C until control fruit softened. Ethylene production was lowered by 0.25 and 1.0 µL/L doses in Pick 1 fruits and by all the doses in Pick 2 fruits. Fruit softening was delayed, but at the end of shelf life, treated fruits were as soft as the controls. Total volatile production was lowered by 0.25 and 1.0 µL/L doses in Pick 2 fruits. 1‐MCP influenced the aroma composition at the end of shelf life, yet it was not always dose dependent. Consequently, 1‐MCP changed fruit odor pattern by influencing the distribution of lactone odor units, the major odor contributors, reducing the “overmature” note and enhancing the “fresh” note.
Supplier Development Programs: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Watts Charles A. , Hahn Chan K. 
Published: April 2006

To compete effectively in the global marketplace, a company must have a network of competent suppliers. A supplier development program is designed to create and maintain such a network—and to improve various supplier capabilities that are necessary for the buying organization to meet its increasing competitive challenges.This article discusses the results of a survey dealing with supplier development activity. The survey was undertaken to determine the current level of involvement in supplier development programs and to assess the success of the current programs. The results indicate that supplier development programs are more prevalent than expected and that large companies are more likely to be involved. The results also show the importance of formal supplier evaluation to the supplier development process.
The Role of the Purchasing Function: Toward Team Participation
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. , Pearson John N. 
Published: April 2006

Members of the National Association of Purchasing Management were surveyed to study the current level of responsibility, and level of responsibility expected in 1995, for 18 key decision issues in which the purchasing function participates. The issues investigated were:
Material requirements review
Specifications development
Make‐or‐buy analysis
Materials standardization
Determination of inventory levels
Quality requirements determination
Negotiation of price and terms
Supplier selection
Joint problem solving with suppliers
Supplier monitoring and analysis
Communication of specification changes
Productivity/cost improvements
Development of sourcing strategy
Market analysis
Price forecasting
Long‐range purchasing planning
Determination of purchasing policy
Value analysis
The results of the study suggest a transition from individual purchasing responsibility to a team approach on all issues. Thus, the study confirms prior research and practice of a trend toward greater use of teams for management in the future.
Hospital Inventory Management for Emergency Demand
Authors: Duclos Leslie K. 
Published: April 2006

Inventory management is receiving increased emphasis in a variety of organizations. One important area is inventory that is subject to emergency demand situations. A hospital materials manager, for example, must establish efficient inventory system policies for normal operating conditions that also ensure the hospital's ability to meet emergency demand conditions.A simulation model of a hospital inventory system was developed to determine the relative significance of several common inventory system variations on a hospital's ability to operate successfully under normal and emergency demand conditions. Results of the simulation reveal that review frequency plays a major role in the success of operations under shock demand conditions. The simulation also suggests that generalizing from the results of an inventory system under normal conditions to expected results under shock conditions is inappropriate. Several common assumptions flowing from these generalizations were challenged by the results of the study.
Moving Toward Value‐Based Purchasing
Authors: Dumond Ellen J. 
Published: April 2006

As the marketplace becomes more competitive, the concept of “value” is receiving increased attention. Firms are attempting to increase the value of their products and services and reduce the nonvalue‐added activities, both in terms of number and cost. One function that has a tremendous impact on these efforts is purchasing. Purchasing, being a boundary spanning function, has the opportunity to increase value through two major linkages: internal interactions and external involvement.Value‐based purchasing focuses the decisions of purchasing professionals on the creation of value rather than on the traditional objectives of cost savings and efficiency. To develop and maintain this focus, the function's internal operating environment must support and enhance these efforts. Organizational variables like the performance measurement system, the extent of functional interaction, and access to external information affect value‐based purchasing. This article, through empirical data from 21 firms in diverse industries, examines the readiness of the current organizational environment, in terms of these three critical variables, for successful implementation of value‐based purchasing. Based on the findings, recommendations for managers are provided.
Strategic Purchasing: A History and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. , Carr Amelia 
Published: April 2006

This article provides a systematic review of the purchasing strategy literature over the past 30 years. It identifies gaps in the body of research and makes recommendations for future research. The basic managerial problem is that the purchasing function has the ability to influence corporate profitability only when it is operating at a strategic level in the firm. The evolution of the function has been slow; therefore, the contribution the purchasing function can make has yet to achieve its maximum level in many firms.The study reveals that much of the research completed in this area is either conceptual in nature or is based on a small number of case studies. While some studies do base their findings on data gathered from a large number of firms, most do not report the use of statistical analysis to support the findings of the research.
The Relative Importance of Supplier Selection Criteria: A Review and Update
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2006

Purchasing professionals and researchers alike acknowledge the fact that the changing atmosphere in buyer‐supplier relationships is due largely to the globalization of the marketplace. Partnering strategies, which necessitate closer ties between buyers and suppliers, are becoming increasingly common for U.S. firms. Such strategies, in turn, allow buyers and suppliers in the United States to compete more effectively with international firms abroad. How has this changing business climate affected buyers’ choice decisions in supplier selection? That question is the focus of this study.The relative importance of supplier selection criteria is examined longitudinally by reviewing the findings of studies published during the past two decades. Those results are then compared with the findings of this study to gain insight about the relative importances of decision criteria used by purchasing professionals in selecting suppliers.
Ethics Policies and Gratuity Acceptance by Purchasers
Authors: Turner Gregory B. , Taylor G. Stephen , Hartley Mark F. 
Published: April 2006

Most purchasing professionals generally agree that the acceptance of significant gratuities is inappropriate and should be discouraged. Managers need effective methods of monitoring and controlling such activities. This study examined the impact of certain individual and organizationally controlled variables on the acceptance of gratuities. Consequently, the study was able to identify some approaches that can be used by management for control purposes.The results indicate that formal, written policies do have a significant impact on reducing the acceptance of gratuities. However, if these policies are not also applied to sales personnel in the same organization, their impact may be diminished significantly, if not lost altogether. The engagement of upper level management in questionable activities was found to be positively related to the acceptance of gratuities by buyers and purchasing supervisors. Ironically, while it seems logical that input from purchasing personnel in the development of purchasing ethics policies should reduce the propensity to accept gratuities by department personnel, the study produced no evidence that supported this conclusion.
Purchasing for Lean Production: The New Strategic Agenda
Authors: Hines Peter 
Published: April 2006

The success of Japanese manufacturing firms over a wide range of product categories is well established; however, one can argue that the success of an individual manufacturing system (such as the excellent Toyota Production System) has not been the causal factor. Rather, it is the thorough and speedy implementation of these systems throughout the complete supplier network that is crucial to manufacturing success.In this and other areas, purchasing has played a pivotal role in the deployment of what may be termed lean production. This article reviews the new strategic agenda set by lean production and explores how this affects the purchasing operation. Additionally, lean production attempts to build a new paradigm based on the integration of the different value‐adding organizations within the value stream to ensure excellence in final products and services. The term concurrent purchasing is used to describe this new paradigm. In moving to concurrent purchasing, purchasing is repositioned as a key strategic and operational process rather than an internal stand‐alone function.The achievement of intercompany value stream effectiveness is discussed in terms of improvements within the quality, cost, delivery, and design processes. The key role of purchasing in these processes is explored together with the implications this has for the strategic agenda within the subject at practitioner, education, and academic levels.