bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Outcome of the Coronally Advanced Flap Procedure: A Bayesian Network Analysis
Authors: Nieri Michele , Rotundo Roberto , Franceschi Debora , Cairo Francesco , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo 
Published: March 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to explore possible causal relationships among several variables in the coronally advanced flap for root coverage procedure using structural learning of Bayesian networks.Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with maxillary buccal recessions (≥2 mm) were enrolled. All defects were treated with the coronally advanced flap procedure. Age, gender, smoking habits, recession depth, width of keratinized tissue, probing depth, distance between the incisal margin and the cemento‐enamel junction, root sensitivity, and distance between the gingival margin and the cemento‐enamel junction were recorded and calculated for all patients at baseline, immediately after surgery, and at 6 months after surgery. A structural learning algorithm of Bayesian networks was used.Results: The distance between the gingival margin and the cemento‐enamel junction immediately after surgery was affected by the baseline recession depth; deeper recessions were associated with a more apical location of the gingival margin after surgery. Moreover, complete root coverage also seemed to be affected by the location of the gingival margin after surgery; a more coronal location of the gingival margin after surgery was associated with a greater probability of complete root coverage.Conclusions: The use of structural learning of Bayesian networks seemed to facilitate the understanding of the possible relationships among the variables considered. The main result revealed that complete root coverage seemed to be influenced by the post‐surgical position of the gingival margin and indirectly by the baseline recession depth.
A Novel Decision‐Making Process for Tooth Retention or Extraction
Authors: Avila Gustavo , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Soehren Stephen , Misch Carl E. , Morelli Thiago , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2009

Background: Implant‐supported restorations have become the most popular therapeutic option for professionals and patients for the treatment of total and partial edentulism. When implants are placed in an ideal position, with adequate prosthetic loading and proper maintenance, they can have success rates >90% over 15 years of function. Implants may be considered a better therapeutic alternative than performing more extensive conservative procedures in an attempt to save or maintain a compromised tooth. Inadequate indication for tooth extraction has resulted in the sacrifice of many sound savable teeth. This article presents a chart that can assist clinicians in making the right decision when they are deciding which route to take.Methods: Articles published in peer‐reviewed English journals were selected using several scientific databases and subsequently reviewed. Book sources were also searched. Individual tooth‐ and patient‐related features were thoroughly analyzed, particularly when determining if a tooth should be indicated for extraction.Results: A color‐based decision‐making chart with six different levels, including several factors, was developed based upon available scientific literature. The rationale for including these factors is provided, and its interpretation is justified with literature support.Conclusion: The decision‐making chart provided may serve as a reference guide for dentists when making the decision to save or extract a compromised tooth.
Effects of various doses of ovine corticotrophin–releasing hormone on plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations in horses
Authors: Reijerkerk Erica P. R. , Visser E. Kathalijne , van Reenen Cornelis G. , van der Kolk Johannes H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effects of IV administration of various doses of ovine corticotrophin–releasing hormone (oCRH) on plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations in healthy horses and determine whether an oCRH challenge test protocol is valid for use in adult horses.
Animals—24 healthy Warmblood horses.
Procedures—Each horse received oCRH in saline (0.9% NaCl) via IV administration at a dose of 0 (control treatment), 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 Mg/kg (6 horses/group). Jugular blood and saliva samples were collected simultaneously 15 minutes before and immediately prior to injection (baseline); data from these samples were pooled to provide basal values. Subsequently, 14 postinjection blood and saliva samples were both collected within a 210-minute period. Cortisol concentrations in all samples were assessed via a solid-phase radioimmunoassay.
Results—All doses of oCRH induced significant increases from baseline in both plasma and salivary cortisol concentrations. Compared with the smaller doses of oCRH, the 1.0 Mg/kg dose of oCRH induced significantly greater plasma cortisol concentrations. A relationship (r = 0.518) between basal cortisol concentrations in plasma and saliva was detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For use as a CRH challenge test in adult horses, a protocol involving IV administration of a dose of at least 0.01 Mg of oCRH/kg and postinjection collection of blood samples from 10 to 180 minutes and saliva samples from 20 to 50 minutes for assessment of plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations should be sufficient. Application of such a test might be helpful to detect states of chronic activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis at the hypothalamic level.
Evaluation of cytologic and biochemical variables in blood, plasma, and peritoneal fluid from calves before and after umbilical herniorrhaphy
Authors: Peiró Juliana R. , Lucato Beatriz , Mendes Luiz C. N. , Ciarlini Paulo C. , Feitosa Francisco L. F. , Bonello Fábio L. , Maemura Silvana M. , Soares Gisele T. , Santana Aureo E. , Perri Silvia H. V. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To establish reference intervals for cytologic and biochemical variables in peritoneal fluid, whole blood, and plasma in calves with congenital umbilical hernias (CUHs) before and after herniorrhaphy and to assess whether those variables in calves with CUHs were altered, compared with findings in clinically normal calves.
Animals—20 Holstein calves with or without a CUH.
Procedures—10 calves with CUHs underwent herniorrhaphy. Blood and peritoneal fluid samples from all 20 calves were collected for cytologic and biochemical analyses on days 0 (before surgery), 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15. Data from the 2 groups were compared.
Results—Reference intervals for the variables of interest were established for each group. Before surgery, calves with CUHs had significantly greater plasma total protein concentration and creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase activities and peritoneal fluid specific gravity values, compared with values for calves without CUHs. At various time points after surgery, peritoneal fluid total protein concentration; fibrinogen concentration; nucleated cell, polymorphonuclear cell, and lymphocyte counts; specific gravity; and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and CK activities in calves with CUHs were significantly different from values in calves without CUHs. Some plasma and blood variables (eg, total protein concentration, neutrophil count, and CK activity) were significantly different between the 2 groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Values of certain cytologic and biochemical variables in peritoneal fluid, blood, and plasma were different between calves with and without CUHs. Thus, determination of reference intervals for these variables is important for interpreting diagnostic test results in calves with CUHs.
Validating the Use of Report-Derived Lund-MacKay Scores
Authors: Thwin May , Weitzel Erik Kent , McMains Kevin Christopher , Athanasiadis Theodore , Psaltis Alkis , Field John , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: March 2009

Background The Lund-MacKay score (LMS) is the standard for communicating radiological extent of chronic rhinosinusitis in research. However, retrospective analyses are often hindered by a substantial lack of radiological data. Calculating LMS from radiologists’ reports may overcome this but has not been formally validated. Methods Twenty South Australian and 20 Texan patients with varying degrees of sinus disease were randomly chosen to undergo analysis. CT-derived LMSs were calculated directly by two expert rhinologists at each institution and compared with scores derived solely from accompanying radiology reports by two blinded reviewers. Results The total LMS obtained via the expert rhinologists correlated very highly with that obtained from radiology reports (Spearman rank correlation, 0.75-0.88; p < 0.001). However, when individual sinuses were specifically analyzed, the correlation was highly variable. Conclusion The results show that in both South Australian and Texan tertiary rhinology centers, radiologists’ reports can be reliably used to calculate the total LMS.
Chitin Stimulates Expression of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase and Eotaxin-3 by Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells in Vitro
Authors: Lalaker Ashley , Nkrumah Louis , Lee Won-Kyung , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: March 2009

Background Sinonasal epithelial cells participate in host defense by initiating innate immune mechanisms against potential pathogens. Antimicrobial innate mechanisms have been shown to involve Th1-like inflammatory responses. Although epithelial cells can also be induced by Th2 cytokines to express proeosinophilic mediators, no environmental agents have been identified that promote this effect. Methods Human sinonasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and controls were harvested and grown in primary culture. Cell cultures were exposed to a range of concentrations of chitin for 24 hours, and mRNA for acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), eotaxin-3, and thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) were assessed. Other cultures were exposed to interleukin 4 (IL- 4) alone and in combination with dust-mite antigen (DMA) for 36 hours. Extracted mRNA and cell culture supernatant were analyzed for expression of AMCase and eotaxin-3. Results Chitin induced a dose-dependent expression of AMCase and eotaxin-3 mRNA but not TSLP. Patients with recalcitrant CRSwNPs showed lower baseline expression of AMCase when compared with treatment-responsive CRSwNP and less induction of AMCase expression by chitin. DMA did not directly induce expression of AMCase or eotaxin-3. Expression of eotaxin-3 was stimulated by IL-4 and further enhanced with the addition of DMA. Levels of AMCase were not significantly affected by either IL-4 or DMA exposure. In some cases, the combination of IL-4 and DMA was able to induce AMCase expression in cell cultures not producing AMCase at baseline. Conclusion The abundant biopolymer chitin appears to be recognized by a yet uncharacterized receptor on sinonasal epithelial cells. Chitin stimulates production of AMCase and eotaxin-3, two pro-Th2 effector proteins. This finding suggests the existence of a novel innate immune pathway for local defense against chitin-containing organisms in the sinonasal tract. Dysregulation of this function could precipitate or exacerbate Th2 inflammation, potentially acting as an underlying factor in recalcitrant CRSwNP.
Down-Regulation of gp130 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yung-Song , Lin Li-Ching , Huang Mei-Hui , Huang Ai-Ju , Huang Yu-Tzu 
Published: March 2009

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the expression and biological functions of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A prospective study was performed. Methods Ten patients with NPC and 10 patients with nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) were enrolled in this study. The transcripts of IL-27 receptors (gp130 and WSX-1) in the biopsy specimens derived from NPC were compared with that from LH by using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell lines including EBV−, Burkitt-like lymphoma (BJAB) cells, human adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines were used to provide evidence of the biological function of gp130. In addition, killing assay for natural killer (NK) cells was performed in the presence of gp130. Results There was significantly stronger expression of gp130 on the LH specimens than on the NPC specimens. The levels of gp130 mRNA were reduced in the EBV-transformed cells. The cytotoxicity ratio against gp130-deficient B cells was diminished compared with gp130-existent B cells. Conclusion The expression of gp130 is down-regulated in patients with NPC. We presume that EBV controls the functions of NK cells through regulation of gp130 cytokine receptor.
A Novel Cost‐Effective Thiourea Bifunctional Organocatalyst for Highly Enantioselective Alcoholysis of meso‐Cyclic Anhydrides: Enhanced Enantioselectivity by Configuration Inversion
Authors: Wang Su‐Xi , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA novel inexpensive thiourea bifunctional organocatalyst which can promote the highly enantioselective (up to 95% ee) alcoholysis of meso‐cyclic anhydrides has been developed. Computational studies on the catalytic process as well as a synthetic application of this new catalyst are also presented.
Turiner Stereochemie: Eligio Peruccas Enantioselektivität und Primo Levis Asymmetrie
Authors: Kahr Bart , Bing Yonghong , Kaminsky Werner , Viterbo Davide 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEhre, wem Ehre gebührt: Eligio Perucca (siehe Photo) beobachtete 1919 in Turin als Erster die enantioselektive Adsorption eines Racemats an der Oberfläche eines chiralen Kristalls (NaClO3). Allerdings blieb dieser Meilenstein der Chiroptik und enantioselektiven Chemie unbeachtet. Perucca galt bisher als Feigling, weil er es 1941 aufgrund der Rassengesetze abgelehnt hatte, den jungen Stereochemiker Primo Levi zu betreuen – tatsächlich aber bezog Perucca dem faschistischen Regime gegenüber eine ablehnende Haltung.magnified image
Activation of Hemiaminal Ethers by Chiral Brønsted Acids for Facile Access to Enantioselective Two‐Carbon Homologation Using Enecarbamates
Authors: Terada Masahiro , Machioka Kyoko , Sorimachi Keiichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChirale Phosphorsäurederivate wurden als Katalysatoren in der Titelreaktion mit aromatischen und aliphatischen Halbaminalethern eingesetzt. Die Produkte entstanden mit guten bis sehr guten Enantioselektivitäten (siehe Schema; Boc=tert‐Butoxycarbonyl, G=aromatischer Substituent). Auf diese Weise gelangt man leicht zu hoch enantiomerenangereicherten 1,3‐Diamin‐Derivaten.magnified image
Polyketide‐Chain Branching by an Enzymatic Michael Addition
Authors: Kusebauch Björn , Busch Benjamin , Scherlach Kirstin , Roth Martin , Hertweck Christian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEin neuer „Zweig“ für Polyketidsynthasen wurde im Biosyntheseweg zum antimitotischen Rhizoxin‐Komplexes im endofungalen Bakterium Burkholderia rhizoxinica entdeckt. Gentechnische Manipulationen und die Strukturaufklärung der Biosynthesezwischenstufen ergaben, dass eine ungewöhnliche konjugierte Addition eines Acetyl‐Bausteins an eine Acryloyl‐Vorstufe eine komplexe Polyketidkette an der β‐Position verzweigt (siehe Schema).magnified image
Turinese Stereochemistry: Eligio Perucca's Enantioselectivity and Primo Levi's Asymmetry
Authors: Kahr Bart , Bing Yonghong , Kaminsky Werner , Viterbo Davide 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA reputation restored: Eligio Perucca (see photo) first observed the enantioselective adsorption of a racemic mixture to a chiral crystal (NaClO3) in Turin in 1919. However, this milestone in enantioselective chemistry and chiroptics went unnoticed. Identified previously as a coward who refused in 1941 to supervise the research of the budding stereochemist Primo Levi because of the race laws, Perucca was opposed to the fascist regime.magnified image
Fluid flow in an impacting symmetrical tee junction: I single‐phase flow and experimental
Authors: Doherty A. P. , Murphy A. , Spedding P. L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExperiments were conducted on single‐phase fluid flow in a horizontal 90° symmetrical impacting tee junction of 0.026 m i.d. The impacting geometry was chosen because, unlike the combining tee, the pressure loss of the system was not amenable to modelling. Various methods of presentation of the junction pressure drop were attempted and a simple dimensionless model suggested based on the inlet Reynolds number and the equivalent length parameter le/d. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zuverlässigkeit von Mauerwerk aus großformatigen Steinen
Authors: Glowienka Simon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMit der Umstellung der nationalen Normen auf das europäische Normenwerk stellt sich in vielen Bereichen die Frage nach der Größe der benötigten Teil sicherheitsfaktoren. Während für Stahlbeton und Stahltragwerke in der Vergangenheit umfangreiche Untersuchungen der Zuverlässigkeit durchgeführt wurden, um eine fundierte Festlegung der Teil sicherheitsfaktoren zu ermöglichen, fehlen für moderne Mauerwerkskonstruktionen derartige Untersuchungen weitestgehend, was auch die ungewöhnliche große Streubreite der zur Bemessung empfohlenen Teil sicherheitsfaktoren im internationalen Vergleich belegt. In diesem Beitrag wird die Zuverlässigkeit von unbewehrten, druckbeanspruchten Mauerwerkswänden aus großformatigen Steinen analysiert, da insbesondere für diese Bauweise entsprechende Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen bislang fehlen. Ein Vorschlag für optimierte Teil sicherheitsfaktoren wird unterbreitet.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations of N‐Aryl 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Aryl Chlorides as Electrophiles
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Born Robert , Vicente Rubén 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRing ring ring: Ruthenium‐catalyzed direct arylations of N‐aryl 1,2,3‐triazoles with chlorides as arylating reagents proceed efficiently with an in situ generated complex derived from phosphane PCy3 in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent.magnified image
Carbon–Silicon Bond Activation by [Pd(ItBu)2] – the Molecular Structures of [Pd(Me3Si)(ItBu)(μ‐I)]2 and [Pd(CH2ItBu)I2]
Authors: Esposito Oriana , Roberts Deborah E. , Cloke F. Geoffrey N. , Caddick Stephen , Green Jennifer C. , Hazari Nilay , Hitchcock Peter B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of Me3SiCH2I with [Pd(ItBu)2] (ItBu = 1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene) results, not in simple oxidative addition, but in carbon–silicon bond activation and formation of [Pd(Me3Si)(ItBu)(μ‐I)]2 (2) and [Pd(CH2ItBu)I2] (3). The zwitterionic nature of the latter has been confirmed by DFT studies, and a possible mechanism for the formation of these two unexpected products is presented. Complex 2 has also been synthesised independently by the direct oxidative addition of Me3SiI to [Pd(ItBu)2].(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of exo‐3‐Amino‐7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as a Class of Malarial Aspartic Protease Inhibitors: Exploration of Two Binding Pockets
Authors: Zürcher Martina , Hof Fraser , Barandun Luzi , Schütz Andri , Schweizer W. Bernd , Meyer Solange , Bur Daniel , Diederich François 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of drug‐resistant strains of malaria‐causing Plasmodium parasites necessitates the development of therapeutic agents that inhibit new biochemical targets. We herein describe the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a class of inhibitors that target the malarial aspartic proteases known as the plasmepsins. The title compounds feature a 7‐azanorbornane skeleton that bears an exo‐amino function, which was designed to interact with the catalytic dyad of aspartic proteases while providing vectors for the attachment of binding elements that target the flap and S1/S3 binding pockets at the enzyme active site. Their synthesis takes advantage of a solvent‐free and highly diastereoselective conjugate addition of amines to bicyclic vinyl sulfones. Structural optimization based on a little‐known conformational preference of aryl sulfones produced the most potent inhibitors of this new class. In vitro assays demonstrate that the title compounds are capable of potent (IC50 ≥ 10 nM) inhibition of plasmepsins, while remaining relatively weak inhibitors of the closely related human enzymes cathepsins D and E. The ideal occupation of the flap pocket is crucial for both potency and selectivity over the human proteases. Differently functionalized compounds were synthesized to gain new insights into the molecular recognition properties of this cavity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Effect of underground cavities on surface earthquake ground motion under SH wave propagation
Authors: Smerzini C. , Avilés J. , Paolucci R. , Sánchez‐Sesma F. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA theoretical approach is presented to study the antiplane seismic response of underground structures, subjected to the incidence of both plane and cylindrical waves. The structure is assumed to be a circular inclusion embedded in a homogenous, isotropic and linear visco‐elastic halfspace. The inclusion may consist either of a cavity, with or without a ring‐shaped boundary, or it may be filled in with a linear‐elastic material, without loss of generality. The analytical solution is obtained using expansions of wave functions in terms of Bessel and Hankel functions, relying on the technique of images and the use of Graf's addition theorem to enforce the boundary conditions.The effects of underground cavities on surface earthquake ground motion are studied as a function of the size of the cavity, its embedment depth, the frequency content of the excitation, the incidence angle and the distance from the axis of symmetry of the cavity itself. A simple application of Rayleigh's method allows us to verify that the ground surface response is dominated by the fundamental vibration mode of the portion of soil between the cavity and ground surface itself, in the frequency range of interest for engineering purposes. A simple relationship to estimate the fundamental natural frequency as a function of the embedment depth of the cavity is given. Finally, amplification factors on response spectra are obtained, to provide a practical insight into the effect of an underground cavity on surface ground motion during real earthquakes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Where is the literature in evaluation on managing studies, evaluators, and evaluation units?
Authors: Compton Donald W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOn the basis of a multistage exploration of evaluation texts, electronic searches, and nominations from the field and from managing social science, the author concludes there is little research literature on managing evaluation studies, evaluators and other workers, and evaluation units. The discussion explores what this limited literature tells us about managing evaluation. Although these findings are consistent with an earlier literature review (St. Pierre, 1983), here the reasons for the paucity are explored. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing studies versus managing for evaluation capacity building
Authors: Compton Donald W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDonald W. Compton, the first director of evaluation services at the National Home Office (Atlanta) of the American Cancer Society, tells the story of building the unit in conditions of high demand and a limited budget. Along the way, evaluation was brought to regional divisions and to local offices in part as a response to United Way and to his work organizing training. The strategy for unit development and for sustaining the work was the Collaborative Evaluation Fellows Project. This proved to be an effective strategy of building evaluation capacity (ECB), then a newly conceptualized model of evaluation managing. Compton tells about the work and draws lessons for managing ECB. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.