bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über das intramurale Blutgefäßsystem des Dickdarms der Säuger—Eine Literatur‐Studie *
Authors: Wille K.‐H. , Schenk B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAs in other studied species the exclusively on the epithelial side existing ‘fenestrated endothelium’ of the pericryptal and subepithelial capillaries is doubtless the most important structural mark of the large intestinal function, too. Moreover, the direction of the mucosal capillary blood flow informs, that at first the release of the essential substances for the glandular secretion will take place, before epithelial transports concerning the resorption occur.As for the hemodynamic regulatory structures in the wall of the blood‐vessels there are obviously differences in their existence depending on the species, respectively they are completely absent such as in the ruminants.Finally, it should be mentioned, that arterio‐venous anastomoses could not be detected.
Application of Computer‐assisted Morphometry to the Analysis of Prenatal Development of Human Lung
Authors: Kayser K. , Jacinto S. D. , Böhm G. , Fritz P. , Kunze W. P. , Nehrlich A. , Gabius H. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMorphometry is well‐established in tumour pathology. To evaluate its potential usefulness for description of developmental processes, histological slides from paraffin‐embedded specimens of 67 human fetal lungs were Feulgen‐stained, and morphometric characteristics of nuclei of epithelial pulmonary cells were analysed with an automated image analysis system. The measured cytometric features comprised of integrated optical density (IOD), S‐phase‐related IOD fraction, IOD entropy and nuclear area. Histometric features of the specimens were based upon the minimum spanning tree (MST) and included distances between neighboring epithelial cells, between epithelial cells and neighboring lymphocytes, and assessment of MST entropy. Notably, certain parameters revealed a non‐uniform level during prenatal development. S‐phase‐related IOD fraction increased from 5% to 8% between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation, then declined to 6% until birth. The IOD entropy steadily increased during development, whereas the extent of nuclear area remained constant. In accordance with an increase of the S‐phase‐related fraction the MST entropy displayed a singular peak between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation, which is probably associated with development of glandular structures in the lung. Correlation of expression of binding sites for markers, presumably involved in functional aspects of development, with such alterations, is shown for binding capacities of biotinylated fucoidan and the S‐phase‐related fraction. This may be helpful to infer immunoor ligando histochemically defined tissue sites with potential physiological significance in morphometrically distinguished periods of development.
Morphometric Comparison between Controlateral Sciatic Nerves in the Male and Female Rabbit
Authors: Muglia U. , Vita G. , Laura' R. , Mammola C. L. , Germana' G. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySome morphometrical parameters of the axons making up the controlateral sciatic nerves, both in the male and female rabbits were calculated and compared by means of a Zeiss Vidas image analyser (Ober Kochen, Germany). The results show that the fibres constituting the left nerve have a greater mean diameter but a lower mean density than those constituting the right nerve. This suggests that the diameter of the myelinated fibres and the density of both the myelinated and unmyelinated fibres do not vary from male to female. On the other hand, the G ratio and the diameter of the unmyelinated axons do, since the nerves on the right side (in both sexes) have higher morphometric values, on average, than the controlateral ones.
Sertoli Cell ‐ Spermatid Tubulobulbar Complexes in the Ram
Authors: Bielli A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe fine structure of the tubulobulbar complex (TBC) of the ram seminiferous epithelium was studied in immersion‐fixed testicular samples obtained in autumn (sheep's mating period). The TBC was visible during the last two stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. It originated as a tubular invagination of the Sertoli cytoplasm harbouring a complementary evagination from the spermatid head. Later, it expanded into a bulbous structure, finally becoming detached from the spermatid and apparently phagocytosed by the Sertoli cell. The significance of this transient structure is discussed and compared with previous reports for other eutherian mammals.
Anatomy of the Cranioencephalic Structures of the Goat (Capra hircus L.) by Imaging Techniques: A Computerized Tomographic Study
Authors: Arencibia A. , Vázquez J. M. , Ramirez J. A. , Sandoval J. A. , Ramirez G. , Sosa C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA topographic study of the cranioencephalic structure was carried out by computerized tomography on Canarian breed adult goats of medium size and weight, with similar cephalic parameters. In this way, transversal, sagittal and horizontal tomographic images were obtained. Identification of the observed anatomic structures represents the basis of this work from which applicable specie data are derived.
The Soft‐tissue Components of the Vomeronasal Organ in Pigs, Cows and Horses
Authors: Salazar I. , Quinteiro P. S. , Cifuentes J. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe soft‐tissue components of the vomeronasal organ of the pig, the cow and the horse were studied with the aid of dissection, microdissection, and light microscopy and immunohistochemistry of series of transverse sections. In horses, the rostral end of the incisive duct was blind: thus, unlike in pigs and cows, there was no communication between the vomeronasal organ and the oral cavity. In all three species, the central part of the vomeronasal duct bore the ‘typical’ respiratory/ receptor epithelium lining on its lateral and medial walls. The rostral part of the duct was characterized by stratified columnar epithelium, while more caudal parts bore simple columnar type. The patterns of distribution of glands, blood vessels and nerves were closely associated with the patterns of distribution of duct linings. The distribution of soft‐tissue components in pigs was less clearly defined than in cows and horses. Of the three species, nerves were detected in the rostral half of the vomeronasal parenchyma only in the horse.
Development of Myelination in the Bovine Fetal Brain: an Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Urban K. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Trautwein G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this study, the development of myelination in the fetal bovine brain (age‐range: between 1–2 and 8–9 months) was examined applying: 1. Immunohistochemical staining methods and antibodies against bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), synthetic tridecapeptide of bovine PLP, human myelin basic protein (MBP), human myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG); and 2. Using the Luxol fast‐blue (LFB) technique.
A Quantitative Study of the Aorta of the Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Ocal M. K. , Mutus R. , Corekci I. , Daglioglu S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe different segments of the aorta were studied quantitatively in five age groups of chicken. It was observed that the widest diameter and the thickest media occur on the 56th day in each segment, except for the thoracic aorta, which had the widest diameter on the 42nd day and the thickest media on the 70th day.The percentage of the intima, media and the adventitia, as compared with the total wall thickness, was determined and it was found that this value was quite similar in age group, but the differences were significant from one segment to another. The ratio between the total wall thickness and the lumen diameter was also calculated in each segment.
Histochemical Demonstration of Lipase Activity in the Gastric Mucosa of the Cat
Authors: Knospe C. , Plendl J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine, histochemically, the onset and location of production of preduodenal lipase in fetal, suckling, weaned and adult cats. Strong enzymatic activity was localized in the surface mucous cells of the gastric mucosa in animals at postpartal day 1 after ingestion of milk. Activity of gastric lipase persisted as long as animals were nursed. No gastric lipase could be demonstrated in weaned and adult cats. Lingual lipase was not found at any developmental stage examined. Thus, in the newborn cat, lipase of the gastric mucosa is responsible for milk fat lipolysis.
Lagevariationen von Caecum und Colon ascendens beim Degu (Octodon degus, Molina 1782)
Authors: González H. , Feder F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty formalin fixed animals, nine male and eleven female, belonging to the genus Octodon degus (Molina 1782) were examined as to the topography of the cecum and ascending colon (Colon ascendens). The cecum shows differing forms and positions. The position of the Caput ceci is normally on the left side, directed cranially or caudally. Besides its topography on the left side, it can extend over the median level to the right side or remain with caput and corpus on the right, while the apex appears on the left side in front of the entry to the pelvis.Further findings were that the ascending colon (Colon ascendens) is arranged in two superimposed, often spiral folds, which may differ as to their form and extension, depending on the position of the cecum.
A Stereological Study of the Different Cell Populations in Chicken Testes Treated with Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone during Embryonic Development
Authors: González‐Morán G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryQuantitative morphological methods were used to analyse the histomorphometric changes and variations in the number and size of cells from diverse cellular populations in testes of newly hatched chicks treated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during embryonic development.The tissue was fixed and embedded in Epon and sections were morphometrically measured under light microscopy, using point counting for volume densities and the Floderus equation to determine numerical density. The average volume of the individual cell was determined by dividing the volume density by the numerical density.Results indicate that FSH administration causes an increase in the number of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, as well as enlargement of the individual Sertoli cells leading consequently to an increase in the diameter and volume density of the testicular seminiferous tubules.Results also reveal an increase in the volume density of the interstitial cords of the Leydig cells, this expansion is due to the enlargement of the individual Leydig cells and not to an increase in their number, which remains constant. We conclude that testes of chick embryos are able to respond to FSH treatment, as revealed by the changes in the number and size of the cells conforming the diverse cellular populations of the testis.FSH treatment during embryonic development induces histomorphometric changes in both the interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules, accelerating their growth and differentiation.
Über die intramuralen Blutgefäße des Enddarms vom Pferd (Equus przewalskii f. caballus)
Authors: Wille K.‐H. , Zahner M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe vascular system of the large intestine of 12 horses was examined by means of vascular corrosion casts, histology and transmission electron microscopy providing the following results.The Aa. et Vv. breves et longae leave the mesenteric vessels, respectively the subserously on the teniae lying cecal vessels to reach the tela subserosa at the mesenteric margin. The short vessels enter the deeper layers of the wall instantly, whereas the Aa. et Vv. longae move towards the submucosa by penetrating the muscular layers after a variable subserous course.The tela submucosa contains an arterial and a venous vascular plexus. In broader areas of the submucosa a three‐dimensional vascular network can be found. This consists of a deep and a superficial vascular plexus, which are closely interconnected. The deep plexus is applied to the inner circular muscles, whereas the superficial plexus is adjacent to the muscularis mucosae. The (deep) arterial plexus receives its afflux from the Aa. breves et longae and supplies parts of the circular muscle layer with recurrent muscle branches. The vascularisation of the mucosa also originates from the submucosal (superficial) plexus.In the basal tunica mucosa, the ascending arteries form a transversal network from which arterioles branch into periglandular capillaries around each Lieberkühn crypt. Close to the lumen, a polygonal subepithelial capillary system is formed. The capillaries turn into postcapillary venules immediately below the epithelium of the mucosal surface. Veins move vertically through the submucosa to enter the submucosal plexus after few inflowing side branches.Branches of the subserous‐submucosal connections form an intermuscular plexus between the circular and longitudinal muscular layer. This plexus supplies the capillaries of the tunica muscularis.The subepithelial capillaries are predominantly lined with a fenestrated endothelium, whereas the capillaries of the pericryptal mucosa mainly show a continuous endothelial lining. The latter contain multiple vesicles, which may fuse in order to form transcytoplasmic channels.Sphincter‐like muscle bundles at the transition points from capillaries to venules may provide hemodynamic regulatory structures in the submucosa of the horse. Veins with circumferential cushions of smooth muscle fibres, so‐called ‘throttle veins’, are also found.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Transferrin in the Pre‐ and Postnatal Bovine Brain
Authors: Urban K. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Trautwein G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution of transferrin in brains from fetuses (age‐range: 1–2 to 8–9 months of gestational age), calves, subadult (between 1 day and 9 months old) and adult cattle (>12 months old) were examined by immunohistochemistry. In both pre‐ and postnatal brains transferrin was predominantly found in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, transferrin immunostaining was present in single to few neurons, within the lumina of vessels, in endothelial cells, in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and in ependymal cells. A caudorostral progress in the appearance of transferrinpositive cells was found. In fetuses, transferrinpositive mature oligodendrocytes and neurons were not detected before 3–4 months of gestational age. Findings in different brain areas of older fetuses suggest an association between the increase of transferrin‐positive oligodendrocytes and the process of myelination. In brains from calves and subadult cattle a continuous decrease of transferrin‐immunoreactive oligodendrocytes and neurons was noted.
Morphological study of the Forestomach of the Japanese Serow (Capricomis crispus)
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Atoji Y. , Agungpriyono S. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDetails of the morphology of the forestomach of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) were examined macroscopically, and by light and scanning electron microscopy. The rumen was sac‐like in shape, and the right accessory longitudinal groove was not visible externally. The reticulum was relatively small, while the omasum was oval and large. Inside the rumen, even in the dorsal sac, the ruminal papillae were densely distributed, although absent on the pillars. The caudodorsal coronary pillar was indistinct. In the ruminoreticular fold, ruminal papillae were observed even on the reticulum side. In the reticulum, the primary reticular fold was apparent and the ill‐defined secondary folds were also detected in some reticular cells. In the omasum, the omasal laminae of four sizes were recognized. The fourth order of laminae was occasionally absent. Histological sections of ruminal papillae revealed that softly keratinized epithelium covered the entire ruminal mucosa. In the reticulum, soft keratinized epithelium was observed throughout, with the exception of the tips of reticular papillae on which the epithelium showed evidence of hard keratinization. The epithelium of the omasal laminae was moderately keratinized. On the floor of the reticular groove, interlaminar area and in the omasal groove, the accumulations of numerous eosinophilic cells were observed in the superficial region. Under the scanning electron microscope, shallow transverse grooves were seen on the surface of the ruminal papillae. In general, the surface structure seemed to be similar to that of sheep rather than cattle. Cellular formations of the collagen fibrils were observed at the subepithelial region. In conclusion, examination of the forestomach allows classification of the Japanese serows as requiring an intermediate type of feeding habit and being between concentrate selectors and grass‐roughage eaters from a morphological view.
Expression of Renin in the Rat Liver
Authors: Kon Y. , Endoh D. , Yamashita T. , Watanabe T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryRenin is well‐known to be a trigger enzyme in the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). In contrast to the classical RAS, the local RAS has recently been noted in several tissues. The local RAS has a function independent from that of the classical RAS, although its physiological principles are not well known. In the present study, we immunohistochemically demonstrated that hepatocytes in the rat express renin. No renin‐immunoreactive cells were detected in rat liver at 0 min after death. At 15 min after death, a small number of renin‐positive cells was demonstrated in the lamina hepatica, and they increased with time to the end of observation. Immunoreactivity for renin was scarce throughout the cytoplasm, sometimes condensed to below the cell membrane and around the intracellular granules. Histoplanimetrically, the values from 15 min to 120 min after death were significantly different from that at 0 min after death. Hybridohistochemistry revealed no hybrid signals throughout the liver at either 0 min or 30 min, although renin‐immunoreactivity was clearly demonstrated in adjacent sections of liver at 30 min after death. In RT‐PCR, the radioactivities in kidney and liver at 0 min after death were not different from those at 30 min after death, respectively. These results suggest the existence of hepatic renin in the rat.
Fine Structural and Histochemical Study of Equine Paneth Cells
Authors: Takehana K. , Masty J. , Yamaguch M. , Kobayashi A. , Yamada O. , Kuroda M. , Park Y. S. , Iwasa K. , Abe M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUltrastructure. lysozyme and glycoconjugate activity in duodenal Paneth cells were observed concurrently in the horse. Paneth cells were seen to uniformly line the base of the equine intestinal glands. The round secretory granules have centrally located electron densities with peripherally located electron lucent halos. Histochemically, the peripheral halo layer was positively stained for carbohydrates by the periodic acid‐thiocarbohydrazide‐silver protein‐physical development (PA‐TCH‐SP‐PD) method and the entire granules reacted positively to the WGA. The central core area reacted with anti‐lysozyme. We identified a young (Type I) and an old (Type II) cell population in the same crypt, but we suggest that the observed populations are variations of the same cell type with the varied appearance due to aging of the secretory granules.
A Sparsely Vascularised Zone in the Cortex of the Bovine Ovary
Authors: Herrmann G. , Spanel‐borowski K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe consider that the microvascular bed may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of growth from primordial to primary follicles. Therefore, using immunochemistry, we examined microvessels in calf and cow ovaries to identify the presence of factor VIII‐related antigen endothelial cells. A vessel‐poor zone was observed in the cortex of immature and mature cow ovaries. Primordial and primary follicles were assembled in this zone. It is concluded that follicular dormancy is likely to be maintained by the scarcity of microvessels and thus by the consequent poverty of the blood supply.
Histochemistry of Complex Carbohydrate in the Major Salivary Glands of Hoary Bamboo Rats (Rhizomys purinosus)
Authors: Kimura J. , Habata I. , Endo H. , Rerkamnuaychoke W. , Kurohmaru M. , Yamada J. , Nishida T. , Tsukise1 A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe major salivary glands (parotid glands, monostomatic sublingual glands and submandibular glands) were obtained from hoary bamboo rats (Rhizomys purinosus) and fixed in Bouin's solution. Paraffin sections were subjected to a battery of staining methods including lectin staining for demonstration of complex carbohydrates. Among the three major salivary glands, unique histochemical features were observed in the submandibular gland. Different from most myomorpha species, submandibular glands of the hoary bamboo rats have two types of secretory cells in the secretory endpieces. One type of cells showed positive reactions with Alcian blue (AB)(pH2.5), periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and some lectins (peanuts agglutinin, Griffonia simplicifolia I. Machura pomifera agglutinin). The granular ducts, which exist in animals belonging to suborder myomorpha, were not observed in the submandibular glands of this animal.
Occurrence and Importance of Glomus Organs (Hoyer‐Grosser's Organs) in the Skin of the Equine and Bovine Mammary Gland
Authors: Ludewig T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryGlomus organs (Hoyer‐Grosser's organs) were frequently found in the corium and the subcutis of the skin of the equine and bovine mammary gland. They were most frequently situated in the border zone between the stratum profundum and the stratum superficiale corii. These specialized vascular structures (arterio‐venous anastomosis) were present in all investigated skin areas. Although the glomus organs varied in size and shape, they possessed common histologic structures: an arteriole entered the connective capsule of the glomus and divided into strongly convoluted arterio‐venous channels; the arterio‐venous channels united in the end to form a venule; the mentioned vascular elements were covered by a connective capsule and were thus united to an organ‐like structure.Questions concerning their occurrence, their functional interpretation, their relevance, the size of the glomus organs as well as the possible involvement of the lymphatics were discussed.
Zur Entwicklung des Pferdehodens
Authors: Knospe C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of the study was to answer the open questions concerning the development of the horse's testis. This study revealed that the seminiferous tubules originate from the sex cords of the coelomic epithelium and Leydig cells from the proximal part of mesonephric nephrones, whereas the rete and the ductuli efferentes derive from intermediate and distal parts of the mesonephric tubules. During the development the Leydig cells undergo an enormous proliferation due to the PMSG secretion in the mare. The proliferation of these cells prevent the deep penetration of the rete into the medulla and is therefore the reason for the reduced extension of the rete and mediastinum testis in the stallion, although 80% of these cells degenerate in the last third of pregnancy. The growth of the seminiferous tubules during sexual maturity reduces the rete to the extremitas capitata of the testis.