bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral hip reconstruction in severe whole-body cerebral palsy
Authors: Barakat M. J. , While T. , Pyman J. , Gargan M. , Monsell F. 
Published: October 2007

The results of a functional, clinical and radiological study of 30 children (60 hips) with whole-body cerebral palsy were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 10.2 years (9.5 to 11). Correction of windsweep deformity of the hips was performed by bilateral simultaneous combined soft-tissue and bony surgery at a mean age of 7.7 years (3.1 to 12.2). We were able to recall 22 patients; five had died of unrelated causes and three were lost to follow-up. Evaluation involved interviews with patients/carers and clinical and radiological examination. The gross motor functional classification system was used to assess overall motor function and showed improvement in seven patients. Of the 12 patients thought to have pain pre-operatively, only one had pain post-operatively. Improved handling was reported in 18 of 22 patients (82%). Those with handling problems were attributed by the carers to growth of the patients. All patients/carers considered the procedure worthwhile. The range of hip movements improved, and the mean windsweep index improved from 50 pre-operatively to 36 at follow-up. The migration percentage and centre-edge angle were assessed on plain radiographs. Radiological containment improved, the mean migration percentage improved from 50 pre-operatively to 20 at follow-up and the mean centre-edge angle improved from −5° to 29°. No statistical difference was noted between the three-year and ten-year follow-up results, indicating that the improvements in clinical and radiological outcome had been maintained.
Ten-year life expectancy after primary total hip replacement
Authors: Ramiah R. D. , Ashmore A. M. , Whitley E. , Bannister G. C. 
Published: October 2007

We determined the ten-year life expectancy of 5831 patients who had undergone 6653 elective primary total hip replacements at a regional orthopaedic centre between April 1993 and October 2004. Using hospital, general practitioner and the local health authority records, we recorded the dates of death for those who died following surgery.The mean age at operation was 67 years (13 to 96) with a male:female ratio of 2:3. Of 1154 patients with a ten-year follow-up 340 (29.5%) had died a mean of 5.6 years (0 to 10) after surgery. Using Kaplan-Meier curves, the ten-year survival was 89% in patients under 65 years at surgery, 75% in patients aged between 65 and 74 years, and 51% in patients over 75.The standardised mortality rates were considerably higher for patients under 45 years, 20% higher for those between 45 and 64 years, and steadily reduced in patients aged 65 and over.The survival of cemented hip replacement derived from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register Annual Report 2004 exceeds the life expectancy of patients over the age of 60 in our area, suggesting that cemented hip replacement is the procedure of choice in this population.
Viability and apoptosis of human chondrocytes in osteochondral fragments following joint trauma
Authors: Hembree W. C. , Ward B. D. , Furman B. D. , Zura R. D. , Nichols L. A. , Guilak F. , Olson S. A. 
Published: October 2007

Post-traumatic arthritis is a frequent consequence of articular fracture. The mechanisms leading to its development after such injuries have not been clearly delineated. A potential contributing factor is decreased viability of the articular chondrocytes. The object of this study was to characterise the regional variation in the viability of chondrocytes following joint trauma. A total of 29 osteochondral fragments from traumatic injuries to joints that could not be used in articular reconstruction were analysed for cell viability using the fluorescence live/dead assay and for apoptosis employing the TUNEL assay, and compared with cadaver control fragments.Chondrocyte death and apoptosis were significantly greater along the edge of the fracture and in the superficial zone of the osteochondral fragments. The middle and deep zones demonstrated significantly higher viability of the chondrocytes. These findings indicate the presence of both necrotic and apoptotic chondrocytes after joint injury and may provide further insight into the role of chondrocyte death in post-traumatic arthritis.
Bone and joint tuberculosis
Authors: Sandher D. S. , Al-Jibury M. , Paton R. W. , Ormerod L. P. 
Published: October 2007

We report 79 cases of bone and joint tuberculosis between 1988 and 2005, eight of which were in the Caucasian population and 71 in the non-white population. The diagnosis was made in the majority (73.4%) by positive bacteriology and/or histology. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was higher in the Caucasian group at 51.5 years (28 to 66) than in the South Asian group at 36.85 years (12 to 93). Only one patient had previous BCG immunisation. The spine was the site most commonly affected (44.3%). Surgical stabilisation and/or decompression was performed in 23% of these cases because of cord compression on imaging or the presence of neurological signs. A six-month course of chemotherapy comprising of an initial two months of rifampicin, isoniazide, pyrazinamide and sometimes ethambutol followed by four months treatment with rifampicin and isoniazide, was successful in all cases without proven drug resistance.
The anterolateral approach leads to less disruption of the femoral head-neck blood supply than the posterior approach during hip resurfacing
Authors: Steffen R. , O’Rourke K. , Gill H. S. , Murray D. W. 
Published: October 2007

In 12 patients, we measured the oxygen concentration in the femoral head-neck junction during hip resurfacing through the anterolateral approach. This was compared with previous measurements made for the posterior approach. For the anterolateral approach, the oxygen concentration was found to be highly dependent upon the position of the leg, which was adjusted during surgery to provide exposure to the acetabulum and femoral head. Gross external rotation of the hip gave a significant decrease in oxygenation of the femoral head. Straightening the limb led to recovery in oxygen concentration, indicating that the blood supply was maintained. The oxygen concentration at the end of the procedure was not significantly different from that at the start. The anterolateral approach appears to produce less disruption to the blood flow in the femoral head-neck junction than the posterior approach for patients undergoing hip resurfacing. This may be reflected subsequently in a lower incidence of fracture of the femoral neck and avascular necrosis.
Does bone quality predict loosening of cemented total hip replacements?
Authors: Nixon M. , Taylor G. , Sheldon P. , Iqbal S. J. , Harper W. 
Published: October 2007

We matched 78 patients with a loose cemented Charnley Elite Plus total hip replacement (THR) by age, gender, race, prosthesis and time from surgery with 49 patients with a well-fixed stable hip replacement, to determine if poor bone quality predisposes to loosening. Clinical, radiological, biomechanical and bone mineral density indicators of bone quality were assessed. Patients with loose replacements had more pain, were more likely to have presented with atrophic arthritis and to have a history of fragility fracture, narrower femoral cortices and lower peri-prosthetic or lumbar spine bone mineral density (all t-test, p < 0.01). They also tended to be smokers (chi-squared test, p = 0.08). Vitamin-D deficiency was common, but not significantly different between the two groups (t-test, p = 0.31) In this series of cemented hip replacements performed between 1994 and 1998, aseptic loosening was associated with poor bone quality. Patients with a THR should be screened for osteoporosis and have regular radiological surveillance.
Successful treatment of refractory tibial nonunion using calcium sulphate and bone marrow stromal cell implantation
Authors: Bajada S. , Harrison P. E. , Ashton B. A. , Cassar-Pullicino V. N. , Ashammakhi N. , Richardson J. B. 
Published: October 2007

Successful healing of a nine-year tibial nonunion resistant to six previous surgical procedures was achieved by tissue engineering. We used autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) expanded to 5 × 106 cells after three weeks’ tissue culture. Calcium sulphate (CaSO4) in pellet form was combined with these cells at operation. The nonunion was clinically and radiologically healed two months after implantation. This is the description of on healing of a long-standing tibial nonunion by tissue engineering. The successful combination of BMSCs and CaSO4 has not to our knowledge been reported in a clinical setting.
The risks and benefits of radiotherapy with massive endoprosthetic replacement
Authors: Jeys L. M. , Luscombe J. S. , Grimer R. J. , Abudu A. , Tillman R. M. , Carter S. R. 
Published: October 2007

Between 1966 and 2001, 1254 patients underwent excision of a bone tumour with endoprosthetic replacement. All patients who had radiotherapy were identified. Their clinical details were retrieved from their records. A total of 63 patients (5%) had received adjunctive radiotherapy, 29 pre-operatively and 34 post-operatively. The mean post-operative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores of irradiated patients were significantly lower (log-rank test, p = 0.009). The infection rate in the group who had not been irradiated was 9.8% (117 of 1191), compared with 20.7% (6 of 29) in those who had pre-operative radiotherapy and 35.3% (12 of 34) in those who radiotherapy post-operatively. The infection-free survival rate at ten years was 85.5% for patients without radiotherapy, 74.1% for those who had pre-operative radiotherapy and 44.8% for those who had post-operative radiotherapy (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The ten-year limb salvage rate was 89% for those who did not have radiotherapy and 76% for those who did (log-rank test, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy increased the risk of revision (log-rank test, p = 0.015). A total of ten amputations were necessary to control infection, of which nine were successful. Radiotherapy may be necessary for the treatment of a bone sarcoma but increases the risk of deep infection for which amputation may be the only solution.
Incidence of deep-vein thrombosis in patients with fractures of the ankle treated in a plaster cast
Authors: Patil S. , Gandhi J. , Curzon I. , Hui A. C. W. 
Published: October 2007

Stable fractures of the ankle can be successfully treated non-operatively by a below-knee plaster cast. In some centres, patients with this injury are routinely administered low-molecular-weight heparin, to reduce the risk of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). We have assessed the incidence of DVT in 100 patients in the absence of any thromboprophylaxis. A colour Doppler duplex ultrasound scan was done at the time of the removal of the cast. Five patients did develop DVT, though none had clinical signs suggestive of it. One case involved the femoral and another the popliteal vein. No patient developed pulmonary embolism. As the incidence of DVT after ankle fractures is low, we do not recommend routine thromboprophylaxis.
Structural analysis of proteins in Thailand: Identification of abnormal hemoglobins
Authors: Svasti J. , Boontrakulpoontawee P. , Yongsuwan S. , Sarikaputi M. , Siriboon W. , Srisomsap C. , Fucharoen S. , Winichagoon P. , Pravatmuang P. , Surarit R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Assessment of uncertainties in the projected concentrations of methane in the atmosphere (Technical Report)
Authors: Slanina J. , Warneck P. , Bazhin Nikolai M. , Akimoto H. , Kieskamp W. M. , Khalil M. A. K. , Calvert J. G. , Matthews E. , Barrie L. , Wahlen M. , Schwartz S. E. , Tang X. , Sing O. N. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A system of microcalorimeters
Authors: Backman P. , Bastos M. , Briggner L.-E. , Hagg S. , Hallen D. , Lonnbro P. , Nilsson S.-O. , Olofsson G. , Schon A. , Suurkuusk J. , Teixeira C. , Wadsö I. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects of the interactions of functionalised calix(4)arenes and metal cations in 'allosteric media'
Authors: de Namor Angela F. Danil , Cabaleiro M. C. , Vuano B. M. , Salomon M. , Pieroni O. I. , Tanaka D. A. Pacheco , Ng C. Y. , Tanco M. A. Llosa , Rodriguez N. M. , Garcia J. D. Cardenas , Casal A. R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Bioorganic studies of transmitter receptors with philanthotoxin analogs
Authors: Nakanishi K. , Choi S.-K. , Hwang Danwen , Lerro Keith , Orlando M. , Kalivretenos A. G. , Eldefrawi A. T. , Eldefrawi M. E. , Usherwood P. N. R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Recent developments in the synthesis of drimane and lactarane sesquiterpenes
Authors: de Groot Ae. , Jansen B. J. M. , Versteaen-Haaksma A. A. , Swarts H. J. , Orru R. V. A. , Stork G. A. , Wijnberg J. B. P. A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Treatment With Once-Weekly Alendronate 70 mg Compared With Once-Weekly Risedronate 35 mg in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: Rosen Clifford J , Hochberg Marc C , Bonnick Sydney L , McClung Michael , Miller Paul , Broy Susan , Kagan Risa , Chen Erluo , Petruschke Richard A , Thompson Desmond E , de Papp Anne E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Once-weekly alendronate 70 mg and once-weekly risedronate 35 mg are indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These two agents were compared in a 12-month head-to-head trial. Greater gains in BMD and greater reductions in markers of bone turnover were seen with alendronate compared with risedronate with similar tolerability.
Introduction: The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, alendronate and risedronate, are available in once-weekly (OW) formulations for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A 12-month, head-to-head study was performed to compare these agents in the treatment of postmenopausal women with low BMD.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1053 patients from 78 U.S. sites were randomized to OW alendronate 70 mg (N = 520) or risedronate 35 mg (N = 533), taken in the morning after fasting. Endpoints included BMD changes over 6 and 12 months at the hip trochanter, total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (LS); percent of patients with predefined levels of change in trochanter and LS BMD at 12 months; and change in biochemical markers of bone turnover at 3, 6, and 12 months. Tolerability was evaluated by adverse experience (AE) reporting.
Results: Significantly greater increases in hip trochanter BMD were seen with alendronate (3.4%) than risedronate (2.1%) at 12 months (treatment difference, 1.4%; p &lt; 0.001) as well as 6 months (treatment difference, 1.3%; p &lt; 0.001). Significantly greater gains in BMD were seen with alendronate at all BMD sites measured (12-month difference: total hip, 1.0%; femoral neck, 0.7%; LS, 1.2%). Significant differences were seen as early as 6 months at all sites. A greater percentage of patients had ≥0% (p &lt; 0.001) and ≥3% (p &lt; 0.01) gain in trochanter and spine BMD at 12 months with alendronate than risedronate. Significantly greater (p &lt; 0.001) reductions in all biochemical markers of bone turnover occurred with alendronate compared with risedronate by 3 months. No significant differences were seen between treatment groups in the incidence of upper gastrointestinal AEs or AEs causing discontinuation.
Conclusions: In this 12-month, head-to-head trial of alendronate and risedronate, given in accordance with the approved OW regimens for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, alendronate produced greater gains in BMD and greater reductions in markers of bone turnover than risedronate. The greater antiresorptive effect of alendronate was seen as early as 3 months, and the tolerability profiles were similar.
Femoral Neck Trabecular Microstructure in Ovariectomized Ewes Treated With Calcitonin: MRI Microscopic Evaluation
Authors: Jiang Yebin , Zhao Jenny , Geusens Piet , Liao Er-Yuan , Adriaensens Peter , Gelan Jan , Azria Moïse , Boonen Steven , Caulin Francine , Lynch John A , Ouyang Xiaolong , Genant Harry K 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Ovariectomy induces deterioration of the trabecular structure in the femoral neck of ewes, as depicted by MR microscopic imaging. This structural deterioration is prevented by salmon calcitonin treatment.
Introduction: This study evaluated the trabecular (Tb) microarchitecture of an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic model in ewes and determined the effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT), an osteoclast inhibitor, on the Tb structure. This is the first report of OVX-induced changes in the Tb structure in the femoral neck in the ewes and effect of sCT on the microarchitecture.
Materials and Methods: Ewes (5–8 years old, n = 28) were equally allocated into sham (Sham), OVX injected with vehicle, or OVX injected with sCT at 50 or 100 IU, three injections per week. They were killed 6 months after OVX. The femoral neck was examined with an MR imager at 9.4 T in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. An internal calibration procedure as a means of standardizing image analysis was used to adjust the segmentation threshold. Data from all three planes were averaged.
Results and Conclusions: Compared with Sham, OVX induced significant changes (p &lt; 0.0125) in the MRI-derived femoral neck Tb structure: Tb bone volume fraction (BV/TV), −18%; Tb number, −20%; Tb separation, +23%; number of free ends, +28%; number of nodes, −39%; number of Tb branches, −23%; mean length of Tb branches, −19%. Compared with OVX, treatment of sCT at 100 IU significantly improved all the Tb structural parameters to the Sham level (p &lt; 0.0001 ∼ p = 0.0281), whereas 50 IU significantly increased the Tb number and the mean length of the Tb branches. BV/TV explained 74% of the variation of compressive stress of the trabecular cylinder cores of the femoral neck. Combining all structural parameters in a multivariate regression analysis significantly improved the explanation to 84%, and adding BMD further improved the predictive ability of the model to 92%. We conclude that OVX induces deterioration of the MRI-derived Tb microstructure in the femoral neck of ewes. sCT treatment prevents OVX-induced changes. The femoral neck microarchitecture significantly correlates with its biomechanical properties. Combining microstructural parameters with BMD further improves the prediction of bone biomechanical properties. The effects of sCT on OVX ewes may help explain reduced fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with sCT.
Fluid Shear-Induced ATP Secretion Mediates Prostaglandin Release in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblasts
Authors: Genetos Damian C , Geist Derik J , Liu Dawei , Donahue Henry J , Duncan Randall L 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
ATP is rapidly released from osteoblasts in response to mechanical load. We examined the mechanisms involved in this release and established that shear-induced ATP release was mediated through vesicular fusion and was dependent on Ca2+ entry into the cell through L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Degradation of secreted ATP by apyrase prevented shear-induced PGE2 release.
Introduction Fluid shear induces a rapid rise in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in osteoblasts that mediates many of the cellular responses associated with mechanotransduction in bone. A potential mechanism for this increase in [Ca2+]i is the activation of purinergic (P2) receptors resulting from shear-induced extracellular release of ATP. This study was designed to determine the effects of fluid shear on ATP release and the possible mechanisms associated with this release.
Materials and Methods MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were plated on type I collagen, allowed to proliferate to 90% confluency, and subjected to 12 dynes/cm2 laminar fluid flow using a parallel plate flow chamber. ATP release into the flow media was measured using a luciferin/luciferase assay. Inhibitors of channels, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and vesicular formation were added before shear and maintained in the flow medium for the duration of the experiment.
Results and Conclusions Fluid shear produced a transient increase in ATP release compared with static MC3T3-E1 cells (59.8 ± 15.7 versus 6.2 ± 1.8 nM, respectively), peaking within 1 minute of onset. Inhibition of calcium entry through the L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (L-VSCC) with nifedipine or verapamil significantly attenuated shear-induced ATP release. Channel inhibition had no effect on basal ATP release in static cells. Ca2+-dependent ATP release in response to shear seemed to result from vesicular release and not through gap hemichannels. Vesicle disruption with N-ethylmaleimide, brefeldin A, or monensin prevented increases in flow-induced ATP release, whereas inhibition of gap hemichannels with either 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid or 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid did not. Degradation of extracellular ATP with apyrase prevented shear-induced increases in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. These data suggest a time line of mechanotransduction wherein fluid shear activates L-VSCCs to promote Ca2+ entry that, in turn, stimulates vesicular ATP release. Furthermore, these data suggest that P2 receptor activation by secreted ATP mediates flow-induced prostaglandin release.
Long-Term Disuse Osteoporosis Seems Less Sensitive to Bisphosphonate Treatment Than Other Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Chao Yang , Price Christopher , Delisser Kemesha , Nasser Philip , Laudier Damien , Clement Mariza , Jepsen Karl J , Schaffler Mitchell B 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We sought to determine whether risedronate can preserve cortical bone mass and mechanical properties during long-term disuse in dogs, assessed by histomorphometry and biomechanics on metacarpal diaphyses. Risedronate slowed cortical thinning and partially preserved mechanical properties, but it was unable to suppress bone loss to the degree seen in other osteoporoses.
Introduction: Disuse induces dramatic bone loss resulting from greatly elevated osteoclastic resorption. Targeting osteoclasts with antiresorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates, should be an effective countermeasure for preventing disuse osteoporosis.
Materials and Methods: Single forelimbs from beagles (5–7 years old, n = 28) were immobilized (IM) for 12 months. Age-matched, non-IM dogs served as controls. One-half the animals received either risedronate (RIS, 1 mg/kg) or vehicle daily. Histomorphometry was performed on second metacarpal mid-diaphyses. Cortical mechanical properties were determined by testing third metacarpal diaphyses in four-point bending.
Results: IM caused marked reduction in cortical area (−42%) and cortical thinning (−40%) through endocortical resorption, extensive intracortical tunneling, and periosteal resorption; both bone resorption and formation were significantly elevated over control levels on all envelopes. IM also decreased maximum load and stiffness by ∼80% compared with controls. RIS reduced both periosteal bone loss and marrow cavity expansion; however, cortical area remained significantly lower in RIS-treated IM animals than in untreated non-IM controls (−16%). RIS also increased resorption indices in all envelopes compared with nontreated IM, indicating that RIS suppressed osteoclast activity but not osteoclast recruitment. RIS did not affect bone formation. RIS treatment conserved some whole bone mechanical properties, but they were still significantly lower than in controls. There were no significant differences in tissue level material properties among the groups.
Conclusion: RIS treatment reduces cortical bone loss at periosteal and endocortical surfaces caused by long-term immobilization, thus partially conserving tissue mechanical properties. This modest effect contrasts with more dramatic actions of the bisphosphonate in other osteoporoses. Our results suggest that risedronate impairs osteoclastic function but cannot completely overcome the intense stimulus for osteoclast recruitment during prolonged disuse.