bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Printed Electrically Driven Lighting via Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Kim Seonghyeon , Kim Jung Hyun , Park Yong Ho , Kim Ji Tae , Seol Seung Kwon , Pyo Jaeyeon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant attention as a promising light‐emitting technology owing to its simple configuration and solution processability. ECL has wide applications in biological and chemical sensors, lighting, and displays. ECL lighting devices are fabricated as sandwiched structures with a transparent electrode on top, which limits their widespread adoption. Intricate structures with high precision and customizable designs can be directly fabricated using 3D printing. However, 3D printing of ECL devices is challenging because of poor printability and structural integrity of ECL luminophore inks. Here, all‐printed electrically driven lighting is demonstrated using the direct ink writing method. The ECL reactive layer and electrodes are directly printed using a side‐by‐side electrode configuration. A 3D printable ECL ink is developed by incorporating silica nanoparticles as rheological modifiers to realize well‐defined patterns with high structural integrity. Graphene is introduced on Ag multilayer electrodes to embrace both the electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability for efficient ECL operation. This all‐printing approach allows the fabrication of ECL devices with complex designs, such as combs and spirals. Moreover, it facilitates seamless printing on various substrate materials, making this technology an asset in the fields of biology, chemistry, and electronics.
Dynamically Forming Interconnected Interfaces in Confined Heterostructures Enable High Capacity Conversion Chemistry
Authors: Jiang Lu , Wang Jinze , Yang Youchao , Zhu Junwen , Cao Xin , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yawen , Wu Ping , Jing Yu , Li Ruhong , Fan Xiulin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterostructures endow electrochemical hybrids with promising energy storage properties owing to synergistic effects and interfacial interaction. However, developing a facile but effective approach to maximize interface effects is crucial but challenging. Herein, a bimetallic selenide heterostructure is realized in a confined carbon network via an in situ electrochemical strategy to induce highly active and stable electrode architecture. The dynamically formed heterostructures upon repeated delithiation/lithiation process not only yield abundant interconnected SnSe2/FeSe2 heterojunctions with continuous channels for ion/electron transfer but maintain excellent conversion reversibility. Serving as anode for lithium storage, the SnSe2/FeSe2@C framework enables a high discharging capacity of 1781.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles and superior cycling stability (no capacity fade after 1200 cycles at 2 A g−1). This study can guide future design protocols for interface engineering through the formation of dynamic channels of conversion reaction kinetics for potential applications in high‐performance electrodes.
Inhibition of Vanadium Cathode Dissolution in Zinc‐Ion Batteries on Thermodynamics and Kinetics by Guest Pre‐Intercalation
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Huibin , Fan Shiyuan , Zhang Qicheng , Yuan Chen , Peng Wenchao , Li Yang , Fan Xiaobin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), recognized for their safety and environmental friendliness, hold significant promise for large‐scale energy storage. However, the rapid capacity degradation resulting from the dissolution of active cathode materials hampers the advancement of AZIBs. Here, Ru0.2V2O5∙0.41H2O (RuVO) is synthesized with remarkable capacity retention (98.2% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1). The pre‐intercalation of Ru3+ enhances the stability of both intrinsic and cycling structures, elevating the Gibbs free energy and suppressing V‐dissolution thermodynamically. Additionally, Ru3+ intercalation modulates the potential energy surface of Zn2+ migration, leading to the dominance of Zn2+ in the insertion/extraction mechanism, thereby kinetically impeding the dissolution reaction. This study elucidates the dissolution thermodynamics and kinetics of V‐based cathodes through a combination of experiments, mechanism analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Perception of uncontrollable mortality risk is associated with food insecurity and reduced economic effort among resource‐insecure college students during COVID‐19
Authors: Roulette Casey J. , Kopels Miriam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the framework of the uncontrollable mortality risk hypothesis, resource scarcity intersects with mortality risk, shaping resource allocation strategies with enduring impacts on human health and wellbeing. Despite rising economic and food insecurity among US college students, little is known about how these insecurities relate to mortality risk, or how scarcity and mortality risk interact to shape college students' resource allocation strategies. We examine perceptions of resource scarcity and mortality risk and their associations with food insecurity and resource allocation strategies among economically insecure college students during COVID‐19 lockdowns. Participants were recruited through an economic crisis response center at a major public university in the United States. A total of 118 participants completed an online Qualtrics survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of mortality risk and resource availability, food security, economic effort, and time perspective; a subset (n = 51) also participated in a telephone interview assessing psychological distress. In general, participants reported more environmental adversity and economic effort during COVID‐19 lockdowns compared to before. Students experiencing higher levels of uncontrollable (and not controllable) mortality risk report lower levels of economic effort, and the association was strongest among students perceiving the fewest resources. We also found significant associations between uncontrollable mortality risk and food insecurity. Our results highlight uncontrollable mortality risk's influence on human well‐being. Public health efforts should target the experiences and root structural causes of uncontrollable mortality risk, which among economically insecure college students increasingly involves food insecurity.
Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Monohydrosilanes via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydrosilylation
Authors: Gou Fei‐Hu , Ren Fei , Wu Yichen , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe catalytic access of silicon‐stereogenic organosilanes remains a big challenge, and largely depends on the desymmetrization of the symmetric precursors with two identical substitutes attached to silicon atom. Here we report the construction of silicon‐stereogenic organosilanes via catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic monohydrosilanes with good to excellent selectivity factors. Both Si‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles and Si‐stereogenic monohydrosilanes could be efficiently accessed in one single operation via Rh‐catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular hydrosilylation, employing (R,R)‐Et‐DuPhos as the optimal ligand. This catalytic protocol features mild conditions, a low catalyst loading (0.1 mol % [Rh(cod)Cl]2), high stereoinduction (S factor up to 152), and excellent scalability. Moreover, further derivatizations led to the efficient synthesis of uncommon middle‐size (7‐ and 8‐membered) Si‐stereogenic silacycles. Preliminary mechanistic study indicates this reaction might undergo a modified Chalk–Harrod mechanism.
A biomimetic mineralized collagen hydrogel containing uniformly distributed and highly abundant dopamine‐modified hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yang Chun , Li Guoying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp)/mineralized collagen hydrogel composites were prepared by incorporating different amounts of dopamine‐modified HAp particles during the process of collagen self‐assembly and simultaneous mineralization. Zeta potential results showed that the surface charge of modified HAp particles was altered, and scanning electron microscopy patterns indicated that HAp particles were uniformly distributed in the hydrogels. The occurrence of collagen biomineralization was indirectly reflected by the results of Ca and P content in the hydrogel supernatant, and the results of ash content indicated that the mineral content of the hydrogels could be up to 60% or more, which was close to the inorganic content in natural bone. The results of CCK‐8 and ALP activity assays showed that mineralized collagen hydrogels were favorable for cell proliferation and differentiation, and the hydrogels containing dopamine‐modified HAp particles obtained a higher expression of osteogenic differentiation related transcription factor. The results showed that the excellent adhesion properties of dopamine contributed to enhance the bone repair potential of the composites, suggesting that mineralized collagen hydrogel composites containing dopamine‐modified HAp particles, which could mimic the structure and composition of bone, have a promising potential as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Trapping an Elusive Phosphanyl‐Phosphaalumene
Authors: Szych Lilian S. , Denker Lars , Feld Joey , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe describe our efforts to access a compound with an Al=P double bond by reaction of Al(Nacnac) towards [H2CN(Dipp)]2P(PCO) (Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(Dipp)]2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3). Our observations are consistent with the formation of a transient phosphanyl‐phosphaalumene at low temperatures (−70 °C), however this species was found to readily undergo intramolecular C−H activation of the β‐diketiminato ligand upon warming to room temperature. The reactivity of the transient complex toward small molecules including dihydrogen, carbon dioxide, phosphaketenes, amines and silanes could be explored at low temperatures, showcasing that the target compound can react as both a frustrated Lewis pair (via the pendant phosphanyl moiety) or in hydroelementation reactions of the Al=P bond. The elusive target molecule could be trapped by addition of a Lewis base (tetrahydrofuran) affording an isolable molecular species that reacts in an analogous fashion to the base‐free compound.
Early experiences evaluating the HPE/Cray ecosystem for AMD GPUs
Authors: Melesse Vergara Verónica G. , Budiardja Reuben D. , Joubert Wayne 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) has a long history of supporting and promoting GPU‐accelerated computing starting with the deployment of the Titan supercomputer in 2021 and continuing with the Summit supercomputer which has a theoretical peak performance of approximately 200 petaflops. Because the majority of Summit's computational power comes from its 27,972 GPUs, users must port their applications to one of the supported programming models in order to make efficient use of the system. To prepare the transition to Frontier, the OLCF's exascale supercomputer, users will need to adapt to an entirely new ecosystem which will include new hardware and software technologies. First, users will need to familiarize themselves with the AMD Radeon GPU architecture. Furthermore, users who have been previously relying on CUDA will need to transition to the Heterogeneous‐Computing Interface for Portability (HIP) or one of the other supported programming models (e.g., OpenMP, OpenACC). In this work, we describe our initial experiences and lessons learned in porting three applications or proxy apps currently running on Summit to the HPE/Cray ecosystem to leverage the compute power from AMD GPUs: minisweep, GenASiS, and Sparkler. Each one is representative of current production workloads utilized at the OLCF, different programming languages, and different programming models.
The role of trade associations in promoting corporate sustainability transition and reporting: A case study in the food supply chain
Authors: Caccialanza Andrea , Torelli Riccardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study seeks to examine the interconnections and potential influencing factors between firms' sustainability initiatives and the pressures exerted by industry associations for sustainability reporting. Given the reluctance of many firms to disclose their sustainability efforts, particular attention is directed toward the Italian meat and cured meat industry, with a focus on uncovering the drivers that link firms' sustainability actions to the level of engagement by industry associations in promoting sustainability reporting. Employing a multiple case study design, this research adopts a qualitative and interpretative methodology, leveraging semi‐structured interviews to elucidate pertinent strengths and weaknesses associated with both external and internal factors, as well as managerial strategies. Encompassing various stages of the supply chain, from genetic selection and animal husbandry to processing and distribution, this study aims to bridge a gap in the existing literature on sustainability reporting by shedding light on firms' approaches to both reporting and action. Furthermore, it offers novel insights into the often‐overlooked meso‐level factors influencing firms' propensity for sustainability reporting, including the role played by trade associations.
Impact of multifold magnetic structure on spectroscopy analysis in Heliotron J based on EMC3‐EIRENE simulation
Authors: Cai F. , Kado S. , Kawamura G. , Feng C. , Matoike R. , Miyashita A. , Ohshima S. , Minami T. , Inagaki S. , Kin F. , Kobayashi S. , Ishizawa A. , Nakamura Y. , Okada H. , Konoshima S. , Mizuuchi T. , Feng Y. , Frerichs H. , Nagasaki K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe distribution pattern of the connection length in the divertor region of Heliotron J was calculated by the field line tracing method. A multifold layer structure, characterized by the range of connection length, was revealed to interpret the response of the transport of the lower‐charged impurity ions to the divertor structure. Impurity transport simulated by the EMC3‐EIRENE code shows that lower‐charged impurity ions tend to concentrate in the first multifold layer. This result is consistent with the line‐integral extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy measurement, which implies that the impurity's response to the divertor topological structure needs to be considered in interpreting the spectroscopy result.
Microhabitats shape ant community structure in a spatially heterogeneous grassy woodland
Authors: Barton Philip S. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Lewis Jon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHabitat structure is a key determinant of local animal diversity, with attributes of vegetation such as cover or complexity generating key resources for different species. However, habitat–diversity relationships can vary across spatial scales, and among different taxa and ecosystem types. Here we report on a study of habitat structure and its effects on ant communities at two spatial scales in a temperate grassy woodland characterized by heterogenous tree and grassland cover. We examined species richness and the occurrence of ground‐dwelling ant species at (1) microhabitat scales defined by a triplet of sites comprising open ground, adjacent to a log, and under a tree, each separated by a few meters, and (2) at macrohabitat scales defined by sites grouped into broader vegetation types defined by low or high levels of shrub and tree cover and separated by 100s of meters. We identified 117 species of ant from 41 genera, from a total of 155,004 individuals collected. Ant community composition differed significantly among microhabitats and macrohabitats, but mean species richness only differed at the microhabitat scale where it was the highest under trees and lower adjacent to logs and in open ground. Notably, ant species within the genera Iridomyrmex, Monomorium, and Pheidole displayed a spectrum of microhabitat preferences, highlighting the ecological flexibility within these groups. By contrast, all species of Melophorus preferred open habitat and all species of Camponotus preferred habitat under trees. Our study shows that ant communities in grassy woodlands are structured by vegetation cover and habitat “openness” most strongly at “microhabitat” scales, which is likely due to a distinct combination of thermal and foraging attributes that vary across relatively small distances. Our results also suggest that broad classifications of ants into functional types based on vegetation preference may not be applicable at small scales where species within the same genus can display contrasting preferences. Land management that promotes habitat heterogeneity at small spatial scales may promote species coexistence and benefit ant diversity more than management activities focusing on larger spatial scales within the same ecosystem.
Diverse habitats shape the movement ecology of a top marine predator, the white shark Carcharodon carcharias
Authors: Jewell Oliver J. D. , Chapple Taylor K. , Jorgensen Salvador J. , Kanive Paul , Moxley Jerry H. , Tweedley James R. , Anderson Scot , Block Barbara A. , Gleiss Adrian C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn animal's movement is influenced by a plethora of internal and external factors, leading to individual‐ and habitat‐specific movement characteristics. This plasticity is thought to allow individuals to exploit diverse environments efficiently. We tested whether the movement characteristics of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias differ across ontogeny and among habitats along the coast of Central California. In doing so, we elucidate how changes in internal state (physiological changes coinciding with body size) and external environments (differing seascapes and/or diel phases) shape the movement of this globally distributed predator. Twenty‐one white sharks, from small juveniles to large adults, were equipped with motion‐sensitive biologging tags at four contrasting seascapes: two islands, a headland, and an inshore cove. From multisensor biologging data, 20 metrics characterizing movement (i.e., depth use, vertical velocities, activity, turning rates, and bursting events) were derived and subjected to multivariate analyses. Movement characteristics were most different across seascapes, followed by ontogeny and diel phase. Juvenile sharks, which were only encountered at the cove, displayed the most distinct movement characteristics. Sharks at this seascape remained close to the shore traveling over smaller areas, shallower depth ranges, and with lower levels of tail beat frequencies, when corrected for size, than sub‐adult and adult sharks tagged elsewhere. Distinct tortuous daytime versus linear nighttime horizontal movements were recorded from sharks at island seascapes but not from those at the headland or inshore cove. At the offshore islands, the linear nighttime swimming patterns coincided with repeated dives to and from deeper water. The availability of prey and access to deeper water are likely drivers of the differences in movement characteristics described, with varying demographics of pinniped prey found at the subadult and adult aggregation areas and juvenile sharks being piscivorous and their habitat neither adjacent to pinniped haul out areas nor deeper water. This study demonstrates plasticity in the movements of a top predator, which adapts its routine to suit the habitat it forages within.
Towards a greener future: Bioactive compounds extraction from shrimp shells using eco‐friendly techniques
Authors: Putra Nicky R. , Rizkiyah Dwila N. , Che Yunus Mohd A. , Qomariyah Lailatul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review explores the impact of green extraction techniques on the utilization of shrimp shell waste, focusing on the extraction of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of eco‐friendly extraction methods in maximizing the value of shrimp shell waste while minimizing environmental impact. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, the findings reveal the significant potential of green extraction techniques, such as ultrasound‐assisted extraction and enzyme‐assisted extraction, in efficiently extracting bioactive compounds from shrimp shells. These techniques not only enhance the extraction yield but also contribute to reducing energy consumption and minimizing the use of hazardous chemicals. The review also discusses the challenges and future directions in green extraction, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation to further optimize extraction processes. Overall, the adoption of green extraction techniques offers promising opportunities for sustainable shrimp shell waste utilization, with potential applications in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.
Cause‐specific death in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: A comprehensive assessment of over 100 000 patients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Settergren Camilla , Benson Lina , Shahim Angiza , Dahlström Ulf , Thorvaldsen Tonje , Savarese Gianluigi , Lund Lars H. , Shahim Bahira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo assess cause‐specific death in patients with heart failure with preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF).Methods and resultsData were analysed from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) and the National Patient Register of patients enrolled in SwedeHF 2000–2021. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed and adjusted for age, sex and time period. Among 100 584 patients (23% HFpEF, 23% HFmrEF, 53% HFrEF), median age (interquartile range) was 75 (66–82) and 36% were female. Of those who died within 5 years, most deaths were ascribed to cardiovascular (CV) causes across all ejection fraction (EF) categories. Within 5 years, HFpEF had higher adjusted risk of non‐CV death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.38, p < 0.001) and lower adjusted risk of CV death (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.88, p < 0.001) compared to HFrEF. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cancer were the most common causes of CV and non‐CV death regardless of EF category. The incidence rate of CV death due to IHD was highest in HFrEF while incidence rates of CV death due to pulmonary vascular disease, stroke, valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation increased with increasing EF. The incidence rates of non‐CV deaths due to cancer, respiratory disease, and infections increased with increasing EF.ConclusionCardiovascular death was more common than non‐CV death across all EF categories although the risk of non‐CV death within 5 years was higher with increasing EF. IHD and cancer were the most common causes of CV and non‐CV deaths, respectively, regardless of EF category.
A Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Three‐Step Metal‐Free [4+2] Annulation for the Sustainable Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazines
Authors: Rubini Daniele , Grazia Martina Maria , Incerti Matteo , Barbieri Francesca , Radi Marco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein we report the first microwave‐assisted one‐pot three‐step metal‐free [4+2] procedure for the synthesis of 5,6‐substituted‐3‐hydrazinyl‐1,2,4‐triazines directly from commercially available aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones. The 3‐hydrazinyl‐1,2,4‐triazine can be isolated or further elaborated, after a simple work‐up, by direct condensation with different aldehydes or ketones to provide highly functionalized hydrazone‐derivatives. This protocol represents a rapid, efficient, and sustainable approach for the development of new highly functionalized 1,2,4‐triazine derivatives with potential biological interest.