bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity spaces and urban adolescent substance use and emotional health
Authors: Mason Michael J. , Korpela Kalevi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study analyzed routine locations (activity spaces) of urban adolescents enrolled in a substance abuse treatment program to understand the relationship between their spatial lives and health outcomes such as substance use and mental health. Sixty‐eight adolescents were interviewed and produced a list of 199 locations identified as most important, safe, and risky. A TwoStep Cluster analysis resulted in two mutually exclusive groups of adolescents (n= 58). Clusterwise importance analyses showed that sex, distress, anxiety, emotional problems, and drug use significantly distinguish clusters from each other. An important finding was that activity spaces vary according to the frequency of substance use and the amount of emotional problems. School was frequently perceived as a risky place – followed by friend's house and nature – for those who used alcohol and marijuana more frequently and had more emotional distress. The intersection between environment, emotion regulation, and health outcomes is discussed.
Effect of oral N‐acetyl cysteine on recurrent preterm labor following treatment for bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Shahin Ahmed Y. , Hassanin Ibrahim M.A. , Ismail Alaa M. , Kruessel Jan S. , Hirchenhain Jens 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) on gestational age at delivery in women with previous preterm labor and bacterial vaginosis.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with 280 women between 16 and 18 weeks of pregnancy who had 1 previous preterm birth and had just been successfully treated for bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole for 1 week. The women were randomized to receive 0.6 g of NAC per day plus 17‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC) or placebo plus 17‐OHPC until 36 completed weeks of pregnancy or active labor. A vaginal swab was taken during labor.ResultsReaching 36 weeks of pregnancy was more frequent (P < 0.05) and gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in the NAC than in the placebo group (37.4 weeks ± 0.4 weeks vs 34.1 weeks ± 1.2 weeks, P < 0.05). The discontinuation rate was 11.4% in the NAC group.ConclusionsOral NAC was found to reduce the recurrence of preterm birth in patients with bacterial vaginosis.
Profitability of technical stock trading: Has it moved from daily to intraday data?
Authors: Schulmeister Stephan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates how technical trading systems exploit the momentum and reversal effects in the S&P 500 spot and futures market. When based on daily data, the profitability of 2580 technical models has steadily declined since 1960, and has been unprofitable since the early 1990s. However, when based on 30‐minutes‐data the same models produce an average gross return of 7.2% per year between 1983 and 2007. These results do not change substantially when trading is tested over eight subperiods. In particular, there is no clear trend of a declining profitability of technical stock trading based on 30‐minutes‐data. Those 25 models which performed best over the most recent subperiod produce a significantly higher gross return over the subsequent subperiod than all models. Between 2001 and 2007 the 2580 models perform worse than over the 1980s and 1990s. This result could be due to stock markets becoming recently more efficient or to stock price trends shifting from 30‐minutes‐prices to prices of higher frequencies.
Aperiodic substitution systems and their Bratteli diagrams
Authors: BEZUGLYI S. , KWIATKOWSKI J. , MEDYNETS K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe study aperiodic substitution dynamical systems arising from non-primitive substitutions. We prove that the Vershik homeomorphism φ of a stationary ordered Bratteli diagram is topologically conjugate to an aperiodic substitution system if and only if no restriction of φ to a minimal component is conjugate to an odometer. We also show that every aperiodic substitution system generated by a substitution with nesting property is conjugate to the Vershik map of a stationary ordered Bratteli diagram. It is proved that every aperiodic substitution system is recognizable. The classes of m-primitive substitutions and derivative substitutions associated with them are studied. We discuss also the notion of expansiveness for Cantor dynamical systems of finite rank.
On Anosov diffeomorphisms with asymptotically conformal periodic data
Authors: KALININ BORIS , SADOVSKAYA VICTORIA 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe consider transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms for which every periodic orbit has only one positive and one negative Lyapunov exponent. We prove various properties of such systems, including strong pinching, C1+β smoothness of the Anosov splitting, and C1 smoothness of measurable invariant conformal structures and distributions. We apply these results to volume-preserving diffeomorphisms with two-dimensional stable and unstable distributions and diagonalizable derivatives of the return maps at periodic points. We show that a finite cover of such a diffeomorphism is smoothly conjugate to an Anosov automorphism of 𝕋4; as a corollary, we obtain local rigidity for such diffeomorphisms. We also establish a local rigidity result for Anosov diffeomorphisms in dimension three.
Resonance between Cantor sets
Authors: PERES YUVAL , SHMERKIN PABLO 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLet Ca be the central Cantor set obtained by removing a central interval of length 1−2a from the unit interval, and then continuing this process inductively on each of the remaining two intervals. We prove that if log b/log a is irrational, then where dim is Hausdorff dimension. More generally, given two self-similar sets K,K′ in ℝ and a scaling parameter s>0, if the dimension of the arithmetic sum K+sK′ is strictly smaller than dim (K)+dim (K′)≤1 (‘geometric resonance’), then there exists r<1 such that all contraction ratios of the similitudes defining K and K′ are powers of r (‘algebraic resonance’). Our method also yields a new result on the projections of planar self-similar sets generated by an iterated function system that includes a scaled irrational rotation.
Parameter rays in the space of exponential maps
Authors: FÖRSTER MARKUS , SCHLEICHER DIERK 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe investigate the setIof parametersκ∈ℂ for which the singular orbit (0,eκ,…) ofEκ(z):=exp (z+κ) converges to$\infty $. These parameters are organized in curves in parameter space calledparameter rays, together with endpoints of certain rays. Parameter rays are an important tool to understand the detailed structure of exponential parameter space. In this paper, we construct and investigate these parameter rays. Based on these results, a complete classification of the setIis given in the following paper [M. Förster, L. Rempe and D. Schleicher. Classification of escaping exponential maps.Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.136(2008), 651–663].
GSEA-SNP: applying gene set enrichment analysis to SNP data from genome-wide association studies
Authors: Holden Marit , Deng Shiwei , Wojnowski Leszek , Kulle Bettina 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The power of genome-wide SNP association studies is limited, among others, by the large number of false positive test results. To provide a remedy, we combined SNP association analysis with the pathway-driven gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), recently developed to facilitate handling of genome-wide gene expression data. The resulting GSEA-SNP method rests on the assumption that SNPs underlying a disease phenotype are enriched in genes constituting a signaling pathway or those with a common regulation. Besides improving power for association mapping, GSEA-SNP may facilitate the identification of disease-associated SNPs and pathways, as well as the understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms. GSEA-SNP may also help to identify markers with weak effects, undetectable in association studies without pathway consideration. The program is freely available and can be downloaded from our website.
Contact: bkulle@medisin.uio.no
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Arabidopsis COP9 Signalosome Subunit 7 Is a Model PCI Domain Protein with Subdomains Involved in COP9 Signalosome Assembly
Authors: Dessau Moshe , Halimi Yair , Erez Tamir , Chomsky-Hecht Orna , Chamovitz Daniel A. , Hirsch Joel A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The COP9 Signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that was originally identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis and subsequently shown to be a general eukaryotic regulator of developmental signaling. The CSN plays various roles, but it has been most often implicated in regulating protein degradation pathways. Six of eight CSN subunits bear a sequence motif called PCI. Here, we report studies of subunit 7 (CSN7) from Arabidopsis, which contains such a motif. Our in vitro and structural results, based on 1.5 Å crystallographic data, enable a definition of a PCI domain, built from helical bundle and winged helix subdomains. Using functional binding assays, we demonstrate that the PCI domain (residues 1 to 169) interacts with two other PCI proteins, CSN8 and CSN1. CSN7 interactions with CSN8 use both PCI subdomains. Furthermore, we show that a C-terminal tail outside of this PCI domain is responsible for association with the non-PCI subunit, CSN6. In vivo studies of transgenic plants revealed that the overexpressed CSN7 PCI domain does not assemble into the CSN, nor can it complement a null mutation of CSN7. However, a CSN7 clone that contains the PCI domain plus part of the CSN6 binding domain can complement the null mutation in terms of seedling viability and photomorphogenesis. These transgenic plants, though, are defective in adult growth, suggesting that the CSN7 C-terminal tail plays additional functional roles. Together, the findings have implications for CSN assembly and function, highlighting necessary interactions between subunits.
The effects of melatonin on sleep–wake rhythm of daytime haemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study (EMSCAP study)
Authors: Koch Birgit C. P. , Nagtegaal J. Elsbeth , Hagen E. Chris , Van Der Westerlaken Monique M. L. , Boringa Jan B. S. , Kerkhof Gerard A. , Ter Wee Piet M. 
Published: October 2008

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Disturbances of sleep–wake rhythm are frequently reported in daytime haemodialysis patients.• The melatonin rhythm, which plays an important role in synchronization of the sleep–wake rhythm, is disturbed in this patient group.• In other patient groups with disturbed melatonin rhythm, use of exogenous melatonin resulted in an improvement of sleep quality and melatonin rhythm. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This is the first study on the effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep–wake rhythm in haemodialysis patients.• Due to exogenous melatonin, sleep parameters such as sleep fragmentation, sleep onset latency and subjective sleep quality improved.• Nocturnal melatonin rise was recovered.AIMThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep–wake rhythm in haemodialysis patients.METHODSThe study design is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study of 3 × 6 weeks melatonin 3 mg at 22.00 h every night. Haemodialysis patients were asked to fill out a sleep questionnaire and to wear an actometer to record their sleep problems objectively. Furthermore, melatonin concentrations in saliva were sampled the night after daytime haemodialysis and the consecutive night. Actometers, the sleep questionnaire and melatonin concentrations were repeated during the study.RESULTSIn total, 20 patients (six female, median age 71 years) completed the investigation. On nights after daytime dialysis, objective sleep onset latency decreased significantly from a median of 44.5 (placebo) to a median of 15.5 min with melatonin (P < 0.01). Sleep efficiency increased from 67.3 to 73.1% with melatonin (P < 0.05). Actual sleep time increased from 376 min (placebo) to 388 min with melatonin (P < 0.01), and sleep fragmentation decreased from 4.5 to 3.1 (P < 0.01). Furthermore, subjective sleep parameters improved also. Patients reported less time needed to fall asleep (P < 0.05) and fewer wake periods (P < 0.05) on the nights with and without daytime dialysis and an increase in sleep time on the night of daytime dialysis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the nocturnal melatonin rise was recovered.CONCLUSIONTreatment with melatonin resulted in an improvement of subjective and objective sleep parameters, as well as a recovered nocturnal melatonin rhythm.
Moclobemide monotherapy vs. combined therapy with valproic acid or carbamazepine in depressive patients: a pharmacokinetic interaction study
Authors: Rakic Ignjatovic Anita , Miljkovic Branislava , Todorovic Dejan , Timotijevic Ivana , Pokrajac Milena 
Published: October 2008

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Moclobemide (MCB) undergoes extensive both presystemic and systemic metabolism that can be affected by concomitant drugs.• Valproic acid (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) have been found to interact with psychotropic medications of all classes and many other drugs; VPA acts as a broad‐spectrum inhibitor, and CBZ as a potent inducer of a variety of drug‐metabolizing enzymes.• There have been no previous studies designed to investigate a potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between MCB and VPA or CBZ; however, these agents are likely to be used concomitantly for the treatment of depressive disorders. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • VPA does not significantly affect PK or metabolism of MCB at steady state.• CBZ significantly decreases MCB exposure. This effect is time‐dependent, being more pronounced after 3–5 weeks of co‐administration.AIMTo assess the impact of valproic acid (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on moclobemide (MCB) pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolism at steady state in depressive patients.METHODSTwenty‐one inpatients with recurrent endogenous depression received MCB (150 mg t.i.d.), either as monotherapy or in combination with VPA (500 mg b.i.d.) or CBZ (200 mg b.i.d.) in a nonrandomized manner. Steady‐state plasma PK parameters of MCB and its two metabolites, Ro 12‐8095 and Ro 12‐5637, were derived. Clinical assessments of treatment efficacy were performed weekly using standard depression rating scales.RESULTSCBZ, but not VPA, was associated with decreases in the MCB AUC by 35% [from 7.794 to 5.038 mg h l−1; 95% confidence interval (CI) −4.84863, −0.66194; P = 0.01] and Cmax by 28% (from 1.911 to 1.383 mg l−1; 95% CI −0.98197, −0.07518; P < 0.05), and an increase in its oral clearance by 41% (from 0.323 to 0.454 l h−1 kg−1; 95% CI 0.00086, 0.26171; P < 0.05) after 4 weeks of co‐administration. MCB through concentrations were also decreased, on average by 41% (from 0.950 to 0.559 mg l−1; 95% CI −0.77479, −0.03301; P < 0.05). However, the efficacy in this group of patients was not inferior to the controls, for several possible reasons. Overall tolerability of all study medications was good.CONCLUSIONSVPA does not significantly affect PK or metabolism of MCB, whereas CBZ time‐dependently decreases MCB exposure, probably by inducing metabolism of MCB and its major plasma metabolite. The actual clinical relevance of the observed MCB–CBZ PK interaction needs to be further evaluated in a more comprehensive study.
The influence of polymorphisms of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 on major gastrointestinal bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients
Authors: Montes Ramón , Nantes Óscar , Alonso Álvaro , Zozaya José M. , Hermida José 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe VKORC1 c.−1639G>A and CYP2C9 c.430C>T and c.1075A>C polymorphisms have been associated with increased sensitivity to oral anticoagulants. However, their role in gastrointestinal bleeding is unknown. We studied the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with these polymorphisms, and how this risk was influenced by the anticoagulant dose and the use of common drugs. Eighty‐nine patients with gastrointestinal bleeding during acenocoumarol therapy and 177 patients free of bleeding during acenocoumarol therapy were studied. None of the three polymorphisms constituted a serious gastrointestinal bleeding risk factor. However, patients bearing at least one of these polymorphisms were at high risk, when they simultaneously met one of the following conditions: a weekly dose of acenocoumarol higher than 15 mg [adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4·19 (1·59–11·04)]; amiodarone use [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 9·97 (1·75–56·89)]; or aspirin use [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 8·97 (1·66–48·34)]. The consumption of statins was associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding [adjusted OR = 0·50 (0·26–0·99)]. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding during acenocoumarol therapy in carriers of any of the studied polymorphisms is severely increased with exposure to weekly doses of acenocoumarol higher than 15 mg or the use of amiodarone or aspirin.
Methotrexate induces poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent, caspase 3-independent apoptosis in subsets of proliferating CD4+ T cells
Authors: Nielsen C H , Albertsen L , Bendtzen K , Baslund B 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe mechanism of action of methotrexate (MTX) in autoimmune diseases (AID) is unclear. A pro-apoptotic effect has been demonstrated in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but studies employing conventional antigens have disputed a pro-apoptotic effect. CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a significant role in most AID. We therefore examined directly, by flow cytometry, the uptake of MTX by the T helper (Th) cells stimulated for 6 days with Candida albicans (CA) or tetanus toxoid (TT), and its consequences with respect to induction of apoptosis. While none of the resting Th cells took up MTX, nearly all the dividing Th cells did, and this abrogated further cell division. Among dividing Th cells, MTX induced an approximately sixfold increase over baseline levels in the proportion of apoptotic cells. This proportion could be reverted to baseline by the addition of folic acid. Exposure of CA-stimulated PBMC to MTX significantly increased their level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and a similar tendency was observed in TT-stimulated cells. Unlike CA and TT, the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced proliferation of both CD4– and CD4+ T cells, and induced apoptosis in both undivided and divided Th cells. PHA-induced apoptosis involved activation of caspase-3 and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in addition to PARP cleavage, suggesting that PHA induces apoptosis via different pathways than CA and TT. We suggest that the latter are more representative of stimulation with self-antigens in AID, and that a pro-apoptotic effect of MTX on self-antigen-stimulated Th cells contributes to the effect of MTX in the treatment of AID.
Clinical significance of autoantibodies recognizing Sjögren's syndrome A (SSA), SSB, calpastatin and alpha-fodrin in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Goëb V , Salle V , Duhaut P , Jouen F , Smail A , Ducroix J-P , Tron F , Le Loët X , Vittecoq O 
Published: October 2008

Summary
The aim of our study was (i) to compare the clinical and biological characteristics of 148 (137 women, 11 men) primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients at diagnosis as a function of their sex and (ii) to assess the prognostic value of anti-calpastatin and anti-alpha-fodrin autoantibodies. In addition, the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-52- and 60-kDa Sjögren's syndrome A (SSA), anti-Sjögren's syndrome B (SSB), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factors (RF) of IgA, IgG and IgM isotypes was sought in sera collected at pSS onset. Raynaud's syndrome, significantly more frequent in women, was the only systemic manifestation of pSS whose frequency differed significantly as a function of the patient's sex (P = 0·02). ANA (P = 0·001) and anti-60-kDa SSA autoantibodies (P = 0·03) were significantly more common in women, while men never synthesized detectable levels of anti-SSB, anti-calpastatin or IgG anti-alpha-fodrin autoantibodies. In addition, anti-CCP autoantibodies were found in low percentages of pSS patients (4% F/18% M). The absence of autoantibodies does not exclude the diagnosis of pSS in men that will be based mainly on the anatomopathological findings of a minor salivary gland biopsy. Positivity of anti-60-kDa SSA, anti-SSB, anti-calpastatin, IgA and IgG anti-alpha-fodrin antibodies is not associated with pSS clinical and biological severity.
The loss of immunodominant epitopes affects interferon-γ production and lytic activity of the human influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responsein vitro
Authors: Berkhoff E G M , Geelhoed-Mieras M M , Verschuren E J , van Baalen C A , Gruters R A , Fouchier R A M , Osterhaus A D M E , Rimmelzwaan G F 
Published: October 2008

SummaryIn the present study, we examined the effect of the loss of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*3501-restricted nucleoprotein (NP)418–426 epitope on interferon (IFN)-γ-production and lytic activity of the human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in vitro. Extensive amino acid variation at T cell receptor contact residues of the NP418–426 epitope has led to repeated evasion from specific CTL. We generated recombinant influenza viruses with variants of the NP418–426 epitope, which were used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from six HLA-B*3501-positive study subjects in order to expand virus-specific CTL. Loss of the NP418–426 epitope resulted in a significant reduction of IFN-γ-expressing CD8+ T cells, similar to that observed previously after the loss of the HLA-B*2705-restricted NP383–391 epitope. In addition, the effect of the loss of the NP418–426 epitope on the lytic activity of the virus-specific CTL response was assessed. Also this functional property of the virus-specific CTL response was affected significantly by the loss of this and the NP383–391 epitope, as determined using the newly developed fluorescent antigen-transfected target cell (FATT)–CTL assay. These findings indicate that the loss of single immunodominant epitopes affects the functionality of the virus-specific CTL response significantly.