bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slice modules over minimal 2-fundamental algebras
Authors: Pogorzały Zygmunt , Szmyt Karolina 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
We consider a class of algebras whose Auslander-Reiten quivers have starting components that are not generalized standard. For these components we introduce a generalization of a slice and show that only in finitely many cases (up to isomorphism) a slice module is a tilting module.
Myelodysplastic syndrome with an unbalanced 1;16 translocation in a case of early age of onset
Authors: Dean Sarah , Mohamed Anwar N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present a 30‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Chromosome analysis of the bone marrow aspirate revealed a derivative chromosome resulting from an unbalanced 1;16 translocation causing the gain of 1q and loss of 16q. Dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that the 1q;16p derivative chromosome contained centomeric material derived from chromosome 1, and accordingly the translocation was designated as a der (1)t(1;16)(p11;p11.1). Review of literature revealed that 1;16 translocation in MDS is nonrandom and is always described as unbalanced, resulting in trisomy 1q and monosomy 16q. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise‐induced vocal modulation in cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)
Authors: Roian Egnor S.E. , Hauser Marc D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Lombard effect—an increase in vocalization amplitude in response to an increase in background noise—is observed in a wide variety of animals. We investigated this basic form of vocal control in the cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) by measuring the amplitude of a contact call, the combination long call (CLC), while simultaneously varying the background noise level. All subjects showed a significant increase in call amplitude and syllable duration in response to an increase in background noise amplitude. Together with prior results, this study shows that tamarins have greater vocal control in the context of auditory feedback perturbation than previously suspected. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1183–1190, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New recyclable catalytic system: PdCl2–Dppc+ PF6−–[bmim][PF6] for the Suzuki coupling reaction
Authors: Ren Yong , Yu Guang‐Ao , Guan Jintao , Liu Sheng Hua 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn air‐stable and highly efficient PdCl2–Dppc+ PF6−–[bmim][PF6] catalytic system has been developed for the Suzuki coupling reaction of various aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid. The catalytic system can be recycled at least 10 times with minimal loss of activity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of trace elements in human serum fractions by liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Mestek Oto , Komínková Jana , Koplík Richard , Kodíček Milan , Zima Tomáš 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOn‐line coupling of LC and ICP‐MS has been used for fractionation and detection of species of Cu, Fe, I, Se and Zn in human serum. It has been shown that anion exchange chromatography provided better separation capability (both intra‐ and inter‐element) than size‐exclusion chromatography. The mobile phases for ion exchange chromatography consisted of Tris–HNO3 buffer and ammonium salt (nitrate, acetate or formate). Formate was found to be the best mobile phase counter ion, enabling good chromatographic separation, and is acceptable for mass spectrometry too. The quantitative evaluation of element concentrations adhering to individual fractions was performed by the peak area normalization method. The repeatability of results ranged from 3 to 15% (depending on the element concentration level) and represented the main part of the result uncertainty. The accuracy of Cu and Zn fraction determinations was confirmed by comparison with the isotope dilution technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recrystallization and Shape Control of Crystals of the Organic Dye Acid Green 27 in a Mixed Solvent
Authors: Cong Huai‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecrystallization of the unstructured dye acid green 27 (AG27) in a mixed solvent of alcohol (ethanol or methanol) and water was systematically studied. The results demonstrated that AG27 crystals with uniform sizes and controllable shapes can be produced by simply changing the volume ratio of ethanol (or methanol) and deionized water (DIW). Rodlike and shuttlelike AG27 crystals can be selectively synthesized. The XRD analyses revealed the periodic structures of the organic crystals. Furthermore, crystallization in another mixed solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and DIW results in the formation of longer fibers with high aspect ratio, which further validates the remarkable effects of mixed solvent on the shape of the AG27 crystals. This method of recrystallization in a mixed solvent is expected to facilitate the synthesis of other functional organic crystals with unusual shapes.
Hepatic artery chemoembolization for 110 gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Gupta Sanjay , Trent Jonathan C. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Ensor Joe , Ahrar Kamran , Wallace Michael J. , Madoff David C. , Murthy Ravi , McRae Stephen E. , Hicks Marshall E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The efficacy of hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE) was evaluated for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) metastatic to the liver.METHODS.Records for patients with metastatic GIST who underwent HACE between January 1993 and March 2005 were reviewed and cross‐sectional images were used to determine objective tumor response. Progression‐free survival in the liver (PFS‐liver) and overall survival (OS) were calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Patient, tumor, and treatment variables were analyzed to identify factors influencing survival.RESULTS.Of the 110 patients identified, the radiologic response to HACE could be evaluated in 85 patients, 12 of whom (14%) demonstrated partial responses, 63 of whom (74%) demonstrated stable disease, and 10 of whom (12%) demonstrated progressive disease. PFS‐liver rates were 31.2%, 8.2%, and 5.4% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively; the median PFS time was 8.2 months. OS rates were 62% at 1 year, 32% at 2 years, and 20% at 3 years; the median OS time was 17.2 months. Patients who had >5 liver metastases and received only 1 HACE treatment were found to have a shorter PFS compared with patients with fewer metastases or those who received ≥2 HACE sessions. Extensive liver involvement, the presence of extrahepatic metastases, and progression of liver disease after HACE were associated with poor OS. Use of imatinib prolonged OS time.CONCLUSIONS.HACE produced a durable tumor response or disease stabilization in the majority of patients with GISTs metastatic to liver. Extent of liver disease, presence of extrahepatic disease, number of embolization treatments, and use of imatinib were found to have prognostic influence on PFS, OS, or both. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Investigation of Plasma Equilibrium in the Saskatchewan Torus‐Modified (STOR‐M) during Alternating Current Operation
Authors: Singh A. K. , Morelli J. , Xiao C. , Mitarai O. , Hirose A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn experiment to investigate the source of plasma equilibrium of the residual plasma at zero cross over of plasma current is presented. The role of limiter in providing this equilibrium by short circuiting the electric field developed due to the toroidal drifts is examined by measuring the current flowing through the limiter. The role of a fast poloidal rotation observed by a set of Mach probes, during zero cross over is also examined in providing the equilibrium. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Start‐Up Transient in a Hall Thruster
Authors: Taccogna F. , Longo S. , Capitelli M. , Schneider R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFor the first time a two dimensional axisymmetric fully kinetic Particle‐in‐Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PICMCC) model is used to describe the start‐up transient of the acceleration channel in a Hall thruster. The Poisson equation and a secondary electron emission model are invoked for the description of the plasma dynamic phase. Numerical results have been used to see the formation and evolution of the discharge inside the channel. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers
Authors: Franck C. M. , Seeger M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to predict the interruption behaviour of high‐voltage circuit breakers (HV‐CB) using the self‐blast principle. Two different levels of accuracy of the arc model are proven to be sufficiently accurate for simulating the high‐current phase and the period around current zero (CZ). For the high‐current phase, a simplified equivalent model of the arc is implemented to predict the pressure build‐up, and even more important to accurately trace the hot gas from the arcing zone into the exhausts and the heating volume. A detailed analysis of the gas mixing in the heating volume for different arcing times and current amplitudes showed the optimum geometrical design of the heating volume. For the CZ phase, a more detailed arc model is needed including the effects of ohmic heating, radiative energy transfer, and turbulent cooling fully resolved in space and time. The validation with experiments was done and shows good agreement which justifies the use of the implemented model. With it, scaling laws varying only one parameter at a time (pressure and applied current slope) were derived and confirm previously found empirical laws. This is of particular interest, as it is very difficult to derive such scaling laws from experiments where the scatter is always very large and where it is impossible to vary only one parameter at a time. The influence of the most important geometrical parameters of the nozzle on the interruption performance is shown. In addition to previous experimental indications of this, the simulation reveals that turbulent cooling on the arc edge is the main reason for the difference in interruption performance. Moreover, the exact spatio‐temporal build‐up of arc resistance and with it the detailed understanding of the arc interruption process is possible and shown here for the first time. These simulations enable us to predict HV‐CB performance and to minimise the number of development tests and are routinely used in new development projects. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Analysis and Simulation Analysis for Space‐Time Data
Authors: Hassouba M. A. , Al‐Naggar H. I. , Al‐Naggar N. M. , Wilke C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSpatio temporal dynamics of the positive column of a dc neon glow discharge is studied and investigated experimentally and theoretically. Spatio temporal analysis by means of biorthogonal decomposition method (BOD) gives insights into the mechanism of irregularity and can be employed for characterization of spatio‐ temporal complexity. In the weak nonlinear region, the wave dynamics is approximated by an amplitude equation of the Ginzburg‐Landau equation (CGLE) with complex coefficients and an additional integral term based on a fluid model. In the present work we deal with irregular spatio‐temporal data. A comparison between the numerical analysis of the experimental data and simulation results are studied. A good agreement between the dynamical behaviour for experimental space‐time data and theoretical simulation space‐time results was obtained. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Note on the Breakdown Time Delay Distribution: The Analytical Properties
Authors: Nadarajah S. , Kotz S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFollowing up from the recent work of Maluckov et al. (2005), we derive explicit expressions for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function and the means of the electrical breakdown time delay (tD). We also provide a 9–line computer program for computing the associated percentile points (and hence the associated confidence intervals). We expect that the results presented could be useful for modeling time delay distributions in electrical breakdowns. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Profiling genomic copy number changes in retinoblastoma beyond loss of RB1
Authors: Bowles Ella , Corson Timothy W. , Bayani Jane , Squire Jeremy A. , Wong Nathalie , Lai Paul B.‐S. , Gallie Brenda L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLoss of both RB1 alleles is rate limiting for development of retinoblastoma (RB), but genomic copy number gain or loss may impact oncogene(s) and tumor suppressor genes, facilitating tumor progression. We used quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction to profile “hot spot” genomic copy number changes for gain at 1q32.1, 6p22, and MYCN, and loss at 16q22 in 87 primary RB and 7 cell lines. Loss at 16q22 (48%) negatively associated with MYCN gain (18%) (Fisher's exact P = 0.031), gain at 1q32.1 (62%) positively associated with 6p “hot spot” gain (43%) (P = 0.033), and there was a trend for positive association between 1q and MYCN gain (P = 0.095). Cell lines had a higher frequency of MYCN amplification than primary tumors (29% versus 3%; P= 0.043). Novel high‐level amplification of 1q32.1 in one primary tumor, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, strongly supports the presence of oncogene(s) in this region, possibly the mitotic kinesin, KIF14. Gene‐specific quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction of candidate oncogenes at 1q32.1 (KIF14), 6p22 (E2F3 and DEK), and tumor suppressor genes at 16q22 (CDH11) and 17q21 (NGFR) showed the most common gene gains in RB to be KIF14 in cell lines (80%) and E2F3 in primary tumors (70%). The patterns of gain/loss were qualitatively different in 25 RB compared with 12 primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 12 breast cancer cell lines. Gene specific analysis of one bone marrow metastasis of RB, prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy, showed the typical genomic changes of RB pretreatment, which normalized after chemotherapy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further evidence of attention bias for negative information in late life depression
Authors: Broomfield Niall M. , Davies Rachel , MacMahon Kenneth , Ali Farah , Cross Susan M. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectivesPilot research using the manual (card based) emotional Stroop paradigm shows depressed elders selectively attend negative words, whereas dementia patients do not. The present study aimed to confirm this effect, using a more controlled, computerised, emotional Stroop paradigm, and accounting for co‐morbid anxiety.MethodNineteen depressed (DEP) and twenty non depressed control participants (CON) completed a computerised Emotional Stroop task. This task involves colour naming individually presented negative, positive and neutral words. Mean participant age was 72.25 years. All participants were free of significant cognitive impairment.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, analysis of variance revealed a general cognitive slowing amongst DEP, and a specific interference effect for negative words, in this group, suggesting attention bias.ConclusionsPrevious pilot data are confirmed. The emotional Stroop paradigm may have clinical potential for distinguishing geriatric depression and dementia, although as yet this is far from clear. Detailed development work including comparison with depressed and non depressed Alzheimer's patients, will be necessary to demonstrate diagnostic validity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quetiapine indication shift in the elderly: diagnosis and dosage in 208 psychogeriatric patients from 2000 to 2006
Authors: Hilwerling Lorenz , Juckel Georg , Schröder Stefan Georg 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRationaleQuetiapine was approved in Germany as an atypical antipsychotic for treatment of schizophrenia in 2000, followed by the approval as an antipsychotic for treatment of bipolar mania in 2003. The approval of quetiapine for treatment of bipolar depression is expected. We hypothesized that the psychogeriatric prescription pattern for quetiapine shifts from the psychotic to the affective spectrum.MethodsRetrospectively we screened discharge reports of all geriatric inpatients of the psychiatric department of the Ruhr‐University of Bochum in the period from January 2001 until March 2006 and identified 208 individual patients aged over 60 years, who had received quetiapine as final medication. Age, gender, daily drug dose, year of treatment and diagnosis (according to ICD‐10) were recorded and analyzed.ResultsOver the six‐year time span, the proportion of affective disorders (F3) as indication for quetiapine in the elderly increased, whereas the proportion of dementia (F0) as indication for quetiapine decreased significantly. The proportion of schizophrenic disorders (F2) treated with quetiapine did not change significantly.DiscussionSince the decision of the German Federal Court in 2002 ‘off label’ use goes to the expenses of the prescriber. So the decrease of quetiapine in dementia is probably due to its ‘off label’ status in dementia. The psychogeriatric indication shift for quetiapine towards affective disorders could be the consequence of good clinical experiences with the drug and growing evidence for its antidepressant effect.ConclusionIn addition to controlled pharmacological trials prospective clinical research is needed to evaluate the prescription attitudes of clinicians. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding the usefulness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) for depressed elders with co‐morbid cognitive impairment
Authors: Miller Mark D. , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) has been documented as a maintenance treatment for late life depression as mono‐therapy or in combination with antidepressant medication. Late life depression, however, is frequently co‐morbid with declining memory or other cognitive abilities such that the usefulness of one‐to‐one psychotherapies is called into question for this subgroup. Additionally, concerned caregivers often accompany these patients to request help and their role in the presenting symptoms and in their potential resolution must also be addressed by any successful psychotherapy in this population.ObjectivesTo explore ways in which IPT could be modified to better serve the particular presentation and needs of depressed elders with cognitive decline along with their caregivers.MethodsVarious modifications of traditional IPT techniques were experimented with and refined in our collaborative late life research center using regular group supervision and feedback from patients and their caregivers.ResultsA key component of these modifications involves the integration of the caregiver into the treatment process in flexible ways that recognize their own role transition that is taking place simultaneously with that of the patient's role transition from a greater to a lesser functional state. Other techniques for resolving role conflicts, particularly those directly involving care issues for the patient, are also delineated. These modifications are collectively referred to as IPT‐CI for cognitive impairment. A brief case vignette is presented.ConclusionThe modifications outlined in this communication reflect an evolving work‐in‐progress and serve as a framework for the future development of a manual of guidelines to assist healthcare personnel to optimally treat this population and their caregivers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monomodal Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles of PDADMAC/Poly(styrenesulfonate): Preparation and Protein Interaction
Authors: Ouyang Wuye , Müller Martin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: The binding of the model proteins HSA, LYZ and MYO to PEC nanoparticles is reported. PEC particles were prepared by mixing solutions of PDADMAC either with PSS or PMA‐MS, followed by consecutive centrifugation. Monomodal anionic (PEC‐1.50) and cationic (PEC‐0.66) PEC particles were obtained using non‐stoichiometric mixing ratios. PEC/protein conjugates were prepared by adding charged protein solutions to dispersions of respective like charged PEC particles, followed by one centrifugation step. Mixing proteins and PEC particles under attractive conditions led to flocculation of the dispersion. From CD, DLS and AFM the following trend for protein binding at PEC particles under repulsive conditions was obtained: HSA/PEC‐1.50 > MYO/PEC‐1.50 > LYZ/PEC‐0.66. Protein uptakes up to 0.33 g · g−1 (protein/PEC) (CD) and particle diameter enlargements up to 13 nm (AFM) were obtained at cPROT = 0.091 mg · mL−1. Furthermore, novel spin coated films of PEC particles were interacted with proteins under both repulsive and attractive conditions. In‐situ ATR FT‐IR spectroscopy revealed that the adsorbed amount of HSA and LYZ under attractive conditions was significantly higher than under repulsive ones, which is analogous to protein adsorption at polyelectrolyte multilayers terminated either by polycation or polyanion. Similarly to the dispersed PEC/protein conjugates, under repulsive conditions the uptake of HSA was higher compared to LYZ. The shown protein uptake under repulsive conditions is related to concepts of mild enzyme or protein binding at nonbiogenic substrates.Binding of model proteins (small spheres) polyelectrolyte complex particles.magnified imageBinding of model proteins (small spheres) polyelectrolyte complex particles.
Exploring Protein Structure and Dynamics under Denaturing Conditions by Single‐Molecule FRET Analysis
Authors: Nienhaus Gerd Ulrich 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: Proteins are highly complex biopolymers, exhibiting a substantial degree of structural variability in their properly folded, native state. In the presence of denaturants, this heterogeneity is greatly enhanced, and fluctuations take place among vast numbers of folded and unfolded conformations via many different pathways. To better understand protein folding it is necessary to explore the structural and energetic properties of the folded and unfolded polypeptide chain, as well as the trajectories along which the chain navigates through its multi‐dimensional conformational energy landscape. In recent years, single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has been established as a powerful tool in this research area, as it allows one to monitor the structure and dynamics of individual polypeptide chains in real time with atomic scale resolution using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Consequently, time trajectories of folding transitions can be directly observed, including transient intermediates that may exist along these pathways. Here we illustrate the power of single‐molecule fluorescence with our recent work on the structure and dynamics of the small enzyme RNase H in the presence of the chemical denaturant guanidinium chloride (GdmCl). For FRET analysis, a pair of fluorescent dyes was attached to the enzyme at specific locations. In order to observe conformational changes of individual protein molecules for up to several hundred seconds, the proteins were immobilized on nanostructured, polymer coated glass surfaces specially developed to have negligible interactions with folded and unfolded proteins. The single‐molecule FRET analysis gave insight into structural changes of the unfolded polypeptide chain in response to varying the denaturant concentration, and the time traces revealed stepwise transitions in the FRET levels, reflecting conformational dynamics. Barriers in the free energy landscape of RNase H were estimated from the kinetics of the transitions.Ideal, funnel shaped global energy landscape of a protein.magnified imageIdeal, funnel shaped global energy landscape of a protein.