bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Handling Practice Among Rural Households in Northwest Ethiopia Increases the Risk of Childhood Diarrhea and Exposure to Pathogens From Animal Sources
Authors: Gizaw Zemichael , Yalew Alemayehu Worku , Bitew Bikes Destaw , Lee Jiyoung , Bisesi Michael 
Published: April 2024

Background: In Ethiopia, domestic animals and their feces are not properly contained. However, the risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens is not well documented. This study was conducted to assess animal handling practices and the risk of childhood diarrhea among rural households in northwest Ethiopia. Methods: This study was done among 403 randomly selected households. Information on animal handling was collected using a questionnaire and spot-check observation. The occurrence of childhood diarrhea in 14 days prior to the survey was assessed based on the reports of female head of households. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between animal handling practices and childhood diarrhea. Results: All the female head of households had contact with animal feces when preparing fuel disks and plastering the house components with animal dung. Domestic animals shared a corral within the living space of the humans in 20% of the households. Animals entered the human living quarters and accessed foods in 32% of the households. Moreover, 24% of the children aged 24 to 59 months had diarrhea in a 2-week period prior to the survey. Childhood diarrhea was associated with domestic animals sharing the same house as humans (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.6), presence of animal excreta in child playing areas (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.6), contact of domestic animals with stored foods (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.0, 5.9), trapped dirt under fingernails of female heads (AOR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.5), open defecation (AOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.8, 5.9), and unprotected sources (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 15.3). Conclusion: Domestic animals and their excreta are not hygienically contained in the area. Animal handling practices including their excreta and the hygiene behavior of female head of households (eg, handwashing and food handling practices) should be improved to prevent childhood diarrhea.
Evaluation of stroke in pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive years: A multicenter ambispective cohort study in a low- to middle-income country
Authors: Dawood Muhammad Hamza , Mahmood Kauser , Roshan Mavra , Sherani Lailamah Rehman , Perveen Haseefa 
Published: April 2024

Objective: Early recognition of stroke symptoms and risk factors is important for timely intervention to improve outcomes. This study aimed to investigate differences in stroke frequency, risk factors, and presentation in pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive years. Methods: This multicenter ambispective cohort study, conducted from 4th August 2021 to 4th March 2023, examined strokes in women of reproductive years at the neurology outpatient/emergency department of five busiest/referred neuro-medical facilities in Karachi, Pakistan, where patients from across the nation are assessed. In all, 1210 patients were enrolled via consecutive or convenient sampling retrospectively from January 2017 to August 2021 and prospectively from August 2021 to March 2023. Pregnancy-related and non-pregnancy-related stroke occurrence and characteristics were compared using the chi-square/Fischer’s exact test. Results: 56% were non-pregnancy-related strokes and 44% were pregnancy-related strokes with non-pregnancy-related strokes approximately equal throughout the reproductive years (15–24 years = 34%, 25–34 years = 25%, 35–45 years = 41%) and pregnancy-related stroke between 15 and 35 years (82%). In the non-pregnancy-related stroke, arterial stroke dominated (96.4%); while in pregnancy-related stroke, arterial stroke accounted for 61.4% and venous stroke for 38.6% of cases. Middle cerebral artery was a typical stroke site (66%). Infarction was the most significant CT/MRI finding (PRS = 89%, NPRS = 66%), with pregnancy-related stroke hemorrhagic stroke occurring in only 11% of cases and non-pregnancy-related stroke comprising one-third (34%). The most prevalent etiologies were eclampsia in pregnancy-related stroke (32%), hypertension in non-pregnancy-related stroke (40%), and cardiac problems among both groups (25%:33%). Weakness and headache were the common clinical manifestations among both groups. In the pregnancy-related and non-pregnancy-related stroke groups, the initial presentation of stroke resulted in severe disability for 91% and 75%, respectively. With timely treatment, the outcome improved significantly. The mortality rate was 7% for the pregnancy-related stroke group and 4% for the non-pregnancy-related stroke group. Conclusions: Our findings show that stroke is prevalent among reproductive-year women, posing a significant mortality risk if not adequately recognized and treated. Awareness, research, and screening of stroke risk factors and their often-overlooked early presentation (i.e., headache and weakness) in reproductive years are essential to reducing stroke occurrence among reproductive-year women.
Evolution of Depressive Symptoms Among Depression Subtypes of Clinical and Functional Variables in Primary Care in Chile
Authors: Vitriol Verónica , Cancino Alfredo , Bustamante Catalina , Aylwin María de la Luz 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare the evolution of depressive symptoms among depressive subtypes based on clinical and functional variables in a sample of primary care in Chile. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in the Maule Region of Chile, focusing on 8 primary care from February 2014 to September 2015. Clinical and functional variables, including Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview, Outcome Questionnaire interpersonal and social sub-scales, were applied in a latent class analysis. This analysis categorized 210 patients into 3 subtypes: complex depression (N = 100), recurrent depression (n = 96), and unique depression (n = 14). Complex depression, exhibited a higher probability of suicide attempts, interpersonal and social dysfunction, and association with adverse childhood experiences according the Brief Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire. Patients were monitored over 1 year with the Hamilton scale. The Kruskal-Wallis, non-parametric test, followed by paired Mann-Whitney test evaluated difference in the severity of depressive symptoms between the groups. Additionally, data on mental health interventions were collected. Results: Out of the 210 patients, 89% were women, with a median age of 50 (range 37-58), and 40.1% with only primary education. Sociodemographic characteristics not differ between groups. Significant differences in depressive symptom severity between the groups were found ( X2 90.06, P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis test, η2 = 0.084). Post hoc analyses indicated higher depressive symptoms in complex depression compared to recurrent ( Z = −9.501, P < .001) and unique ( Z = −2.877, P = .004) depression, with no significant difference between recurrent and unique depression ( Z = −1.58, P = .113). There were no differences in the number of medical and psychological controls between the groups. The patients with complex depression required greater modifications in the pharmacological prescriptions than those belonging to the other groups. Conclusion These results provide additional evidence of a complex depression subtype in primary care in Chile associated with adverse childhood experiences, that had worse resolution of depressive symptoms. Contrary to expectations, patients belonging to this group did not receive further medical and psychological interventions, probably due to a lack of specific clinical recommendations.
OsCRLK2, a Receptor-Like Kinase Identified by QTL Analysis, is Involved in the Regulation of Rice Quality
Authors: Chen Ying , Shi Hanfeng , Yang Guili , Liang Xueyu , Lin Xiaolian , Tan Siping , Guo Tao , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe quality of rice (Oryza sativa L) is determined by a combination of appearance, flavor, aroma, texture, storage characteristics, and nutritional composition. Rice quality directly influences acceptance by consumers and commercial value. The genetic mechanism underlying rice quality is highly complex, and is influenced by genotype, environment, and chemical factors such as starch type, protein content, and amino acid composition. Minor variations in these chemical components may lead to substantial differences in rice quality. Among these components, starch is the most crucial and influential factor in determining rice quality. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with eight physicochemical properties related to the rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) profile were identified using a high-density sequence map constructed using recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Fifty-nine QTLs were identified across three environments, among which qGT6.4 was a novel locus co-located across all three environments. By integrating RNA-seq data, we identified the differentially expressed candidate gene OsCRLK2 within the qGT6.4 interval. osclrk2 mutants exhibited decreased gelatinization temperature (GT), apparent amylose content (AAC) and viscosity, and increased chalkiness. Furthermore, osclrk2 mutants exhibited downregulated expression of the majority of starch biosynthesis-related genes compared to wild type (WT) plants. In summary, OsCRLK2, which encodes a receptor-like protein kinase, appears to consistently influence rice quality across different environments. This discovery provides a new genetic resource for use in the molecular breeding of rice cultivars with improved quality.
Mendelian randomization analysis of 34,497 German Holstein cows to infer causal associations between milk production and health traits
Authors: Schneider Helen , Haas Valentin , Krizanac Ana-Marija , Falker-Gieske Clemens , Heise Johannes , Tetens Jens , Thaller Georg , Bennewitz Jörn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Claw diseases and mastitis represent the most important health issues in dairy cattle with a frequently mentioned connection to milk production. Although many studies have aimed at investigating this connection in more detail by estimating genetic correlations, they do not provide information about causality. An alternative is to carry out Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using genetic variants to investigate the effect of an exposure on an outcome trait mediated by genetic variants. No study has yet investigated the causal association of milk yield (MY) with health traits in dairy cattle. Hence, we performed a MR analysis of MY and seven health traits using imputed whole-genome sequence data from 34,497 German Holstein cows. We applied a method that uses summary statistics and removes horizontal pleiotropic variants (having an effect on both traits), which improves the power and unbiasedness of MR studies. In addition, genetic correlations between MY and each health trait were estimated to compare them with the estimates of causal effects that we expected.

Results
All genetic correlations between MY and each health trait were negative, ranging from − 0.303 (mastitis) to − 0.019 (digital dermatitis), which indicates a reduced health status as MY increases. The only non-significant correlation was between MY and digital dermatitis. In addition, each causal association was negative, ranging from − 0.131 (mastitis) to − 0.034 (laminitis), but the number of significant associations was reduced to five nominal and two experiment-wide significant results. The latter were between MY and mastitis and between MY and digital phlegmon. Horizontal pleiotropic variants were identified for mastitis, digital dermatitis and digital phlegmon. They were located within or nearby variants that were previously reported to have a horizontal pleiotropic effect, e.g., on milk production and somatic cell count.

Conclusions
Our results confirm the known negative genetic connection between health traits and MY in dairy cattle. In addition, they provide new information about causality, which for example points to the negative energy balance mediating the connection between these traits. This knowledge helps to better understand whether the negative genetic correlation is based on pleiotropy, linkage between causal variants for both trait complexes, or indeed on a causal association.
Mitogenomes do not substantially improve phylogenetic resolution in a young non-model adaptive radiation of freshwater gastropods
Authors: Stelbrink Björn , von Rintelen Thomas , Marwoto Ristiyanti M. , Salzburger Walter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Species flocks in ancient lakes, and particularly those arising from adaptive radiation, make up the bulk of overall taxonomic and morphological diversity in these insular ecosystems. For these mostly young species assemblages, classical mitochondrial barcoding markers have so far been key to disentangle interspecific relationships. However, with the rise and further development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods and mapping tools, genome-wide data have become an increasingly important source of information even for non-model groups.

Results
Here, we provide, for the first time, a comprehensive mitogenome dataset of freshwater gastropods endemic to Sulawesi and thus of an ancient lake invertebrate species flock in general. We applied low-coverage whole-genome sequencing for a total of 78 individuals including 27 out of the 28 Tylomelania morphospecies from the Malili lake system as well as selected representatives from Lake Poso and adjacent catchments. Our aim was to assess whether mitogenomes considerably contribute to the phylogenetic resolution within this young species flock. Interestingly, we identified a high number of variable and parsimony-informative sites across the other ‘non-traditional’ mitochondrial loci. However, although the overall support was very high, the topology obtained was largely congruent with previously published single-locus phylogenies. Several clades remained unresolved and a large number of species was recovered polyphyletic, indicative of both rapid diversification and mitochondrial introgression.

Conclusions
This once again illustrates that, despite the higher number of characters available, mitogenomes behave like a single locus and thus can only make a limited contribution to resolving species boundaries, particularly when introgression events are involved.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Accuracy of Genomic prediction for fleece traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats
Authors: Yan Xiaochun , Li Jinquan , He Libing , Chen Oljibilig , Wang Na , Wang Shuai , Wang Xiuyan , Wang Zhiying , Su Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The fleece traits are important economic traits of goats. With the reduction of sequencing and genotyping cost and the improvement of related technologies, genomic selection for goats has become possible. The research collect pedigree, phenotype and genotype information of 2299 Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (IMCGs) individuals. We estimate fixed effects, and compare the estimates of variance components, heritability and genomic predictive ability of fleece traits in IMCGs when using the pedigree based Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (ABLUP), Genomic BLUP (GBLUP) or single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP). The fleece traits considered are cashmere production (CP), cashmere diameter (CD), cashmere length (CL) and fiber length (FL). It was found that year of production, sex, herd and individual ages had highly significant effects on the four fleece traits (P < 0.01). All of these factors should be considered when the genetic parameters of fleece traits in IMCGs are evaluated. The heritabilities of FL, CL, CP and CD with ABLUP, GBLUP and ssGBLUP methods were 0.26 ~ 0.31, 0.05 ~ 0.08, 0.15 ~ 0.20 and 0.22 ~ 0.28, respectively. Therefore, it can be inferred that the genetic progress of CL is relatively slow. The predictive ability of fleece traits in IMCGs with GBLUP (56.18% to 69.06%) and ssGBLUP methods (66.82% to 73.70%) was significantly higher than that of ABLUP (36.73% to 41.25%). For the ssGBLUP method is significantly (29% ~ 33%) higher than that with ABLUP, and which is slightly (4% ~ 14%) higher than that of GBLUP. The ssGBLUP will be as an superiors method for using genomic selection of fleece traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats.
Effect of epidural dexmedetomidine in single-dose combined with ropivacaine for cesarean section
Authors: Liu Minghao , Chen Xuezi , Guo Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine has arousal sedation and analgesic effects. We hypothesize that epidural dexmedetomidine in single-dose combined with ropivacaine improves the experience of parturient undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. This study is to investigate the effect of 0.5 µg/kg epidural dexmedetomidine combined with epidural anesthesia (EA) in parturients undergoing cesarean section.

Methods
A total of 92 parturients were randomly divided into Group R (receiveing epidural ropivacaine alone) Group RD (receiveing epidural ropivacaine with 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine). The primary outcome and second outcome will be intraoperative NRS pain scores and Ramsay Sedation Scale.

Results
All 92 parturients were included in the analysis. The NRS were significantly lower in Group RD compared to Group R at all observation timepoint (P > 0.05). Higher Ramsay Sedation Scale was found in Group RD compared to Group R (P < 0.001). No parturient has experienced sedation score of 4 and above. No significant difference regarding the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia and nausea or vomiting, Apgar scores and the overall satisfaction with anesthesia was found between Group R and Group RD (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Epidural dexmedetomidine of 0.5 µg/kg added slightly extra analgesic effect to ropivacaine in EA for cesarean section. The sedation of 0.5 µg/kg epidural dexmedetomidine did not cause mother-baby bonding deficit. Satisfaction with anesthesia wasn’t significantly improved by epidural dexmedetomidine of 0.5 µg/kg. No additional side effect allows larger dose of epidural dexmedetomidine attempt.

Trial registration
This study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000038853).
Describing the content of trial recruitment interventions using the TIDieR reporting checklist: a systematic methodology review
Authors: Hudek Natasha , Carroll Kelly , Semchishen Seana , Vanderhout Shelley , Presseau Justin , Grimshaw Jeremy , Fergusson Dean A. , Gillies Katie , Graham Ian D. , Taljaard Monica , Brehaut Jamie C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Recruiting participants to clinical trials is an ongoing challenge, and relatively little is known about what recruitment strategies lead to better recruitment. Recruitment interventions can be considered complex interventions, often involving multiple components, targeting a variety of groups, and tailoring to different groups. We used the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) reporting checklist (which comprises 12 items recommended for reporting complex interventions) to guide the assessment of how recruitment interventions are described. We aimed to (1) examine to what extent we could identify information about each TIDieR item within recruitment intervention studies, and (2) observe additional detail for each item to describe useful variation among these studies.

Methods
We identified randomized, nested recruitment intervention studies providing recruitment or willingness to participate rates from two sources: a Cochrane review of trials evaluating strategies to improve recruitment to randomized trials, and the Online Resource for Research in Clinical triAls database. First, we assessed to what extent authors reported information about each TIDieR item. Second, we developed descriptive categorical variables for 7 TIDieR items and extracting relevant quotes for the other 5 items.

Results
We assessed 122 recruitment intervention studies. We were able to extract information relevant to most TIDieR items (e.g., brief rationale, materials, procedure) with the exception of a few items that were only rarely reported (e.g., tailoring, modifications, planned/actual fidelity). The descriptive variables provided a useful overview of study characteristics, with most studies using various forms of informational interventions (55%) delivered at a single time point (90%), often by a member of the research team (59%) in a clinical care setting (41%).

Conclusions
Our TIDieR-based variables provide a useful description of the core elements of complex trial recruitment interventions. Recruitment intervention studies report core elements of complex interventions variably; some process elements (e.g., mode of delivery, location) are almost always described, while others (e.g., duration, fidelity) are reported infrequently, with little indication of a reason for their absence. Future research should explore whether these TIDieR-based variables can form the basis of an approach to better reporting of elements of successful recruitment interventions.
Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China
Authors: Tang Jianxin , Weng Ruihui , Fang Taishi , Zhang Kangjun , Yan Xu , Jin Xin , Xie Linjie , Zhao Dong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared to all HBV monoinfected patients undergoing OLT during the same period. Patient outcomes were determined, including cumulative survival, viral load, CD4 T-cell count and postoperative complications.

Results
The median follow-up of HIV recipients was 36 months after OLT (interquartile range 12–39 months). Almost all patients had stable CD4 T-cell count (> 200 copies/ul), undetectable HBV DNA levels, and undetectable HIV RNA load during follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year posttransplant survival rates were 85.7% for the HIV group (unchanged from 1 to 3 years) versus 82.2%, 81.2%, and 78.8% for the non-HIV group. Cumulative survival among HIV-HBV coinfected recipients was not significantly different from the HBV monoinfected recipients (log-rank test P = 0.692). The percentage of deaths attributed to infection was comparable between the HIV and non-HIV groups (14.3% vs. 9.32%, P = 0.665). Post OLT, there was no significant difference in acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, de novo tumor and vascular and biliary complications.

Conclusions
Liver transplantation in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection yields excellent outcomes in terms of intermediate- or long-term survival rate and low incidence of postoperative complications in China. These findings suggest that OLT is safe and feasible for HIV-HBV coinfected patients with ESLD.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300067631), registered 11 January 2023.