bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Unstable Angina and Non‐ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Part l
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAs I advanced through medical school at Johns Hopkins, and throughout my subsequent training, I was constantly reminded of the contributions made to medicine by our predecessors. Many of whom were at Johns Hopkins, but many were not. As I continue active involvement in the education of medical students and physicians, it seems to me we have not done a good job of relating the history of how the modern management of patients with cardiovascular disease developed to our students, house staff, and fellows. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐adjusted Charlson comorbidity score is associated with treatment decisions and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Koppie Theresa M. , Serio Angel M. , Vickers Andrew J. , Vora Kinjal , Dalbagni Guido , Donat S. Machele , Herr Harry W. , Bochner Bernard H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.By using the age‐adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI), the authors characterized the impact of age and comorbidity on disease progression and overall survival after radical cystectomy (RC) for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Also evaluated was whether ACCI was associated with clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics.METHODS.The authors evaluated 1121 patients treated by RC for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder at a single institution (1990–2004). Logistic regression was used to determine the relation between ACCI and clinical features. They evaluated the association between ACCI and overall and progression‐free survival by using multivariate survival‐time models with pathologic stage and nodal status as covariates.RESULTS.ACCI scores increased during the study period (P = .009). Extravesical disease was present in 43% of patients with ACCI ≤2, 49% with ACCI 3–5, and 56% with ACCI >5 (P = .051). Despite their higher prevalence of extravesical disease, patients with higher ACCI were less likely to have lymph‐node dissection (odds ratio, 0.55 and 0.35, respectively, for ACCI 3–5 and >5 vs ≤2; P = .005), and when it was performed, fewer lymph nodes were evaluated (P < .0005). Patients with higher ACCI were also less likely to have postoperative chemotherapy (odds ratio, 0.70 and 0.66, respectively, for ACCI 3–5 and >5 vs ≤2; P = .04). Higher ACCI was significantly associated with lower overall (P < .005) but not recurrence‐free (P = .17) survival after RC.CONCLUSIONS.Age and comorbidity among patients who underwent RC at a cancer referral hospital increased with time. Both age and comorbidity were associated with treatment selection and survival and should, therefore, be considered when comparing outcomes after RC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Thromboprophylaxis for patients with cancer and central venous catheters
Authors: Akl Elie A. , Kamath Ganesh , Yosuico Victor , Kim Seo Young , Barba Maddalena , Sperati Francesca , Cook Deborah J. , Schünemann Holger J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Central venous catheter (CVC) placement increases the risk of thrombosis and subsequent death in patients with cancer. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in reducing mortality and thromboembolic events in cancer patients with a CVC.METHODS.The authors searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI the Web of Science databases. They included randomized controlled trials in patients with cancer comparing unfractionated heparin (UFH), low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH), vitamin K antagonists, fondaparinux, or ximelagatran with no intervention, placebo, or each other. The standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration were used for the analyses.RESULTS.Of 3986 identified citations we included 9 randomized clinical trials, none of which evaluated fondaparinux or ximelagatran. Heparin therapy (UFH or LMWH) was associated with a trend toward a reduction in symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (relative risk (RR), 0.43; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.18–1.06), but there was no statistically significant effect on mortality (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.40–1.36), infection (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.36–2.28), major bleeding (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.10–4.78), or thrombocytopenia (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.49–1.46). The effect of warfarin on symptomatic DVT also was not statistically significant (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.30–1.27).CONCLUSIONS.The balance of benefits and downsides of thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients with CVC are uncertain. Clinicians together with their patients must weigh these factors carefully when making decisions regarding thromboprophylaxis. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic expression of the retinoic acid‐synthesizing enzyme retinol dehydrogenase 10 (rdh10) in the developing mouse brain and sensory organs
Authors: Romand Raymond , Kondo Takako , Cammas Laura , Hashino Eri , Dollé Pascal 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOrgans develop through many tissue interactions during embryogenesis, involving numerous signaling cascades and gene products. One of these signaling molecules is retinoic acid (RA), an active vitamin A derivative, which in mammalian embryos is synthesized from maternal retinol by two oxidative reactions involving alcohol/retinol dehydrogenases (ADH/RDHs) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), respectively. The activity of RALDHs is known to be crucial for RA synthesis; however, recently a retinol dehydrogenase (RDH10) has been shown to represent a new limiting factor in this synthesis. We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of Rdh10 gene transcripts by in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during development of the brain and sensory organs. Although Rdh10 relative mRNA levels decline throughout brain development, we show a strong and lasting expression in the meninges and choroid plexuses. Rdh10 expression is also specifically seen in the striatum, a known site of retinoid signaling. In the eye, regional expression is observed both in the prospective pigmented epithelium and neural retina. In the inner ear Rdh10 expression is specific to the endolymphatic system and later the stria vascularis, both organs being involved in endolymph homeostasis. Furthermore, in the peripheral olfactory system and the vibrissae follicles, expression is present from early stages in regions where sensory receptors appear and mesenchymal/epithelial interactions take place. The distribution of Rdh10 transcripts during brain and sensory organ development is consistent with a role of this enzyme in generating region‐specific pools of retinaldehyde that will be used by the various RALDHs to refine the patterns of RA synthesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:879–892, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of D1 and D5 dopamine receptor localization in layers I, III, and V of Macaca mulatta prefrontal cortical area 9: Coexpression in dendritic spines and axon terminals
Authors: Bordelon‐Glausier Jill R. , Khan Zafar U. , Muly E. Chris 
Published: April 2008

AbstractD1 family receptors (D1R) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) are critical for normal cognition and are implicated in pathological states such as schizophrenia. The two D1R subtypes, D1 and D5, cannot be pharmacologically distinguished but have important functional differences. To understand their contributions to cortical function, we quantified their localization in the neuropil of primate PFC. We identified different patterns of distribution for the two receptors that showed variation across cortical laminae. Although D1 was enriched in spines and D5 in dendrites, there was considerable overlap in their distribution within neuronal compartments. To determine whether the D1 and D5 receptors are localized to separate populations of synapses, we employed double‐labeling methods. We found the two receptors colocalized and quantified the overlap of their distribution in spines and axon terminals of prefrontal cortical area 9 in the Macaca mulatta monkey. The two receptors are found in partially overlapping populations, such that the D5 receptor is found in a subpopulation of those spines and terminals that contain D1. These results indicate that dopamine activation of the two D1R subtypes does not modulate disparate populations of synapses onto dendritic spines in prefrontal cortical area 9; rather, dopamine can activate D1 and D5 receptors on the same spines, plus an additional group of spines that contains only D1. The implications of these results for the dose‐dependent relationship between D1R activation and PFC function are discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:893–905, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution and corticosteroid regulation of glucocorticoid receptor in the brain of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Yao Meng , Hu Fang , Denver Robert J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) play essential roles in physiology, development, and behavior that are mediated largely by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Although the GR has been intensively studied in mammals, very little is known about the GR in nonmammalian tetrapods. We analyzed the distribution and GC regulation of GR in the brain of the frog Xenopus laevis by immunohistochemistry. GR‐immunoreactive (GR‐ir) cells were widely distributed, with the highest densities in the medial pallium (mp; homolog of the mammalian hippocampus), accumbens, anterior preoptic area (POA; homolog of the mammalian paraventricular nucleus), Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, and rostral anterior pituitary gland (location of corticotropes). Lower but distinct GR‐ir was observed in the internal granule cell layer of the olfactory bulbs, dorsal and lateral pallium, striatum, various subfields of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), optic tectum, various tegmental nuclei, locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, reticular nuclei, and the nuclei of the trigeminal motor nerves. Treatment with corticosterone (CORT) for 4 days significantly decreased GR‐ir in the POA, mp, medial amygdala (MeA), BNST, and rostral pars distalis. Treatment with the corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor metyrapone (MTP) also significantly reduced GR‐ir in the POA, mp, MeA and BNST, but not in the rostral pars distalis. Replacement with a low dose of CORT in MTP‐treated animals reversed these effects in brain. Thus, chronic increase or decrease in circulating corticosteroids reduces GR‐ir in regions of the frog brain. Our results show that the central distribution of GR‐ir and regulation by corticosteroids are highly conserved among vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:967–982, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nestin expression defines both glial and neuronal progenitors in postnatal sympathetic ganglia
Authors: Shi Huilin , Cui Hongjuan , Alam Goleeta , Gunning William T. , Nestor Andrea , Giovannucci David , Zhang Ming , Ding Han‐Fei 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSympathetic ganglia are primarily composed of noradrenergic neurons and satellite glial cells. Although both cell types originate from neural crest cells, the identities of the progenitor populations at intermediate stages of the differentiation process remain to be established. Here we report on the identification in vivo of glial and neuronal progenitor cells in postnatal sympathetic ganglia, by using mouse superior cervical ganglia as a model system. There are significant levels of cellular proliferation in mouse superior cervical ganglia during the first 18 days after birth. A majority of the proliferating cells express both nestin and brain lipid‐binding protein (BLBP). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) fate‐tracing experiments demonstrate that these nestin and BLBP double‐positive cells represent a population of glial progenitors for sympathetic satellite cells. The glial differentiation process is characterized by a marked downregulation of nestin and upregulation of S100, with no significant changes in the levels of BLBP expression. We also identify a small number of proliferating cells that express nestin and tyrosine hydroxylase, a key enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis that defines sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. Together, these results establish nestin as a common marker for sympathetic neuronal and glial progenitor cells and delineate the cellular basis for the generation and maturation of sympathetic satellite cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:867–878, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confusion between observation and experiment in the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu , Sakai Hideki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe cause of existing misunderstanding is clarified on the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch (H–K) effect. The misunderstanding is that the effect is the same in magnitude between the variable achromatic color (VAC) and the variable chromatic color (VCC) methods. It comes from the confusion between a single observation and a complete experiment. If both methods are tested in a proper experiment with sufficient observations, then the methods do give different results. The present communication together with a previous article (Color Res Appl 2006; 31: 146–155) will clarify the differences between VAC and VCC methods. For readers' convenience, a simple and accurate experimental method is proposed for grasping the large effect of the VCC method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 250–253, 2008
Evaluating the needs for housing and water in the UK's East Midlands
Authors: Medhurst James 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper is part of the Special Issue of European Environment devoted to the outputs of the EU SRDTOOLS project, which developed and applied a new model of regional sustainable development evaluation. The paper reviews the regional development objectives and strategy of the East Midlands region of the UK, in the context of strong pressure for new housing and limited freshwater supplies and wastewater treatment facilities. The various interactions between these issues are explored using the ‘four‐capital model’ and the idea of critical thresholds, which were found to deliver more specific insights than other methodologies into the trade‐offs that tend to arise between the various dimensions of sustainable development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
GIS‐assisted modelling for debris flow hazard assessment based on the events of May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy: II. Velocity and dynamic pressure
Authors: Toyos G. , Gunasekera R. , Zanchetta G. , Oppenheimer C. , Sulpizio R. , Favalli M. , Pareschi M. T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe velocity and dynamic pressure of debris flows are critical determinants of the impact of these natural phenomena on infrastructure. Therefore, the prediction of these parameters is critical for hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis. We present here an approach to predict the velocity of debris flows on the basis of the energy line concept. First, we obtained empirically and field‐based estimates of debris flow peak discharge, mean velocity at peak discharge and velocity, at channel bends and within the fans of ten of the debris flow events that occurred in May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy. We used this data to calibrate regression models that enable the prediction of velocity as a function of the vertical distance between the energy line and the surface. Despite the complexity in morphology and behaviour of these flows, the statistical fits were good and the debris flow velocities can be predicted with an associated uncertainty of less than 30% and less than 3 m s−1. We wrote code in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) that runs within ArcGIS® to implement the results of these calibrations and enable the automatic production of velocity and dynamic pressure maps. The collected data and resulting empirical models constitute a realistic basis for more complex numerical modelling. In addition, the GIS implementation constitutes a useful decision‐support tool for real‐time hazard mitigation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of a cellular mobile network with retrials and guard channels using waiting and first passage time measures
Authors: Economou A. , Lopez‐Herrero M. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMost studies of modern cellular mobile networks concern performance measures directly computable from the stationary state probabilities such as the blocking probability and the mean traffic rates of the various kinds of calls. In this paper, we consider a cellular mobile system with retrials and guard channels for the handover calls, but we concentrate on performance measures related to the waiting and first passage times of the system. More concretely, we first build a Markovian model representing a station of the network and then we study the waiting time of a customer, the idle times of the guard channels and the time between successive lost calls. These measures shed light on the behaviour of the system and quantify the quality of service from both points of view of the customer and the administrator. Several numerical results illustrate the effect of the system parameters in its performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How successful are dynamic factor models at forecasting output and inflation? A meta‐analytic approach
Authors: Eickmeier Sandra , Ziegler Christina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper uses a meta‐analysis to survey existing factor forecast applications for output and inflation and assesses what causes large factor models to perform better or more poorly at forecasting than other models. Our results suggest that factor models tend to outperform small models, whereas factor forecasts are slightly worse than pooled forecasts. Factor models deliver better predictions for US variables than for UK variables, for US output than for euro‐area output and for euro‐area inflation than for US inflation. The size of the dataset from which factors are extracted positively affects the relative factor forecast performance, whereas pre‐selecting the variables included in the dataset did not improve factor forecasts in the past. Finally, the factor estimation technique may matter as well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating differences between male and female physician service provision using panel data
Authors: Constant Alexandra , Léger Pierre Thomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUsing panel data, we estimate the impact of an increasing share of female physicians on the total output of Canadian physicians. A micro‐econometric model is developed specifically for the Canadian context and estimated using administrative data on all Canadian physicians paid on a fee‐for‐service basis from 1989 to 1998. Our results suggest that female physicians systematically provide fewer services than their male counterparts for almost all specialities and provinces studied. Given that females account for an increasing share of the physician population and that female physicians provide, on average, fewer services, potentially important future reductions in total health‐care service provision are likely. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Income, relative income, and self‐reported health in Britain 1979–2000
Authors: Gravelle Hugh , Sutton Matt 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe test the relative income hypothesis that an individual's health depends on the distribution of income in a reference group, as well as on the income of the individual. We use data on 231 208 individuals in Great Britain from 19 rounds of the General Household Survey between 1979 and 2000. Results are insensitive to the measure of self‐assessed health used but the sign and significance of the effect of relative income depend on the reference group (national or regional) and the measure of relative income (Gini coefficient, absolute or proportional difference from the reference group mean, Yitzhaki absolute and proportional relative deprivation and affluence). Only one model (relative deprivation measured as income proportional to regional mean income) performs better than the model without relative income and has a positive estimated effect of absolute income on health. In this model the increase in the probability of good health from a ceteris paribus reduction in relative deprivation from the upper quartile to zero is 0.010, whereas an increase in income from the lower to the upper quartile increases the probability by 0.056. While our results provide only very weak support for the relative deprivation hypothesis, the inevitable correlation of measures of individual income and relative deprivation measured by comparing income and incomes in a reference group makes identification of the separate effects of income and relative deprivation problematic. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use and acceptability of reduced‐weight Portland cement bags in masonry construction: An observational pilot study
Authors: Salem Sam , Genaidy Ash , Albers James , Shell Richard , Sobeih Tarek , Rinder Maria M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundMason tenders are involved in semi‐ and unskilled work in support of bricklayers and block layers. Their work consists of manually transporting building materials and equipment, supplying individual brick/block layers with materials, and mixing and stocking mortar.ObjectiveThe purpose of this pilot study is to determine the current availability and acceptability of reduced‐weight Portland cement bags among mason contractors, cement suppliers, and manufacturers as a vehicle to decrease the exposure of mason tenders to physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).MethodsForty‐six producers, suppliers, and contractors that use Portland cement bags were used in this observational exploratory study. A questionnaire was administrated over the phone and data were collected regarding availability, practice of use, and preferences between full‐ and reduced‐weight Portland cement bags.ResultsOnly 17% of the companies produce/supply/use the reduced‐weight cement bags. The main factors mentioned by the companies that influence the nonuse of small bags are reduced demand; increased cost; storage, shipping, and handling difficulty; special equipment requirements; and special packaging. Only 11% of companies interviewed are aware of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting recommendations that the maximum lifted weight should be 51 lb.ConclusionsThis exploratory study suggests that reduced cement bags may not be in wide use by producers/suppliers/users of Portland cement. A full‐scale study is recommended to confirm these practices and find ways to significantly reduce the risk to which masonry workers are exposed.ApplicationThe potential application of this study can be the development of new guidelines regarding the production/supplying/usage of 47 lb cement bags. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.