bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Places or polygons? Governmentality, scale, and the census in the Gay and Lesbian Atlas
Authors: Brown Michael , Knopp Larry 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper responds to recent calls for a Foucauldian population geography by critically analysing the 2004 Gay and Lesbian Atlas (a US‐oriented product of demographers at Washington, DC's Urban Institute, a public policy ‘think tank’). We employ a framework that foregrounds issues of governmentality, sexuality, gender and scale to explore how both the Atlas and the 2000 US Census from which the Atlas's data are drawn socially construct, for governmental purposes, certain sexualised populations and spaces. We pay particular attention to the power of scale‐framing in this process by varying the spatial scales at which location quotients for same‐sex households are situated for census tracts in Seattle. Following the Atlas's classification and coding algorithms, we show how the resulting cartography can reveal elements of a population that has previously been invisible in the census – but only relative to certain larger scales. The question of scale therefore becomes an important matter of governmentality, rather than solely a technical issue. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variations in elevated blood lead levels among young children in Mumbai, India
Authors: Niranjan S. , Madhusudana Battala 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study examines the impact of living near tidal creeks or industries on blood lead levels among children below three years of age in Mumbai, India. Data were obtained from the National Family Health Survey‐2 (NFHS‐2) conducted in 1998, which covered a representative sample of the population. Of the 412 children tested for blood lead, 50% had elevated levels (≥10µg/dl). Several areas in Mumbai have higher rates of elevated blood lead levels than we would expect in general. After adjustment for the child's age, standard of living, anaemia, birth order, household type and utensils, children living in industrial areas were 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.3–2.8) times as likely to have lead levels ≥10µg/dl compared with children living in non‐industrial areas. Similarly, the odds ratio for children living in areas with a tidal creek was 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.2) compared with children from non‐tidal creek areas. These findings are of public health concern, as most children in Mumbai are likely to suffer some degree of intellectual impairment as a result of environmental lead exposure. The evidence shows the need for appropriate interventions in reducing the burden of lead poisoning due to environment‐related factors, at least in the few areas of the city where it is particularly high. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A criterion for the formation of stacking faults at incoherent spheroidal precipitates and application to silicon oxide in silicon
Authors: Vanhellemont Jan , De Gryse Olivier , Clauws Paul 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe formation of stacking faults (SF) at incoherent precipitates is modelled assuming that the SF formation is triggered by a sudden release of strain accumulated in the precipitate during its thermal history. This strain release occurs by emission of intrinsic point defects and leads to a high local supersaturation of intrinsic point defects that condense into a circular SF nucleus by the Bardeen–Herring mechanism. Expressions are derived allowing to calculate the critical precipitate size leading to SF formation as well as the size of the associated SF nucleus. The theoretical results are illustrated for silicon oxide precipitates in silicon and compared with experimental data. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wave vector dependence of the pressure coefficient of the longitudinal optical phonon in CdS
Authors: Yu Peter Y. , Choi In‐Hwan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper we show that, under resonance condition, the pressure coefficient of the n ‐th order longitudinal optical (LO) phonon determined by Raman scattering at low temperature exhibits a linear dependence on n. This linear dependence arises from a quadratic dependence of the LO phonon pressure coefficient on the phonon wave vector. The results of the theoretical calculation are in qualitative agreement with recently reported experimental results in CdS [I. H. Choi and P. Y. Yu, phys. stat. sol. (b) 242, 2813 (2005)]. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamical properties of spin and subbands populations in 1D quantum wire
Authors: Vaseghi B. , Khordad R. , Golshan M. M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper we study the spin and subbands populations, as functions of time, for electrons in a quasi‐1D quantum wire, with spin–orbit coupling (SOC), to which a perpendicular magnetic field is applied. The system is governed by the Hamiltonian which, in the strong magnetic field limit, resembles the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM) in quantum optics (QO). Using a procedure similar to that in QO, we explicitly present the time‐evolution operator, thereby calculating the spin states and subbands populations as functions of time. We show that the populations exhibit oscillations, depending on the interaction parameters, scale lengths and, particularly, the initial states of the system. Specifically, if the electrons are initially prepared in a maximal coherent superposition of spin states, the expectation values periodically collapse and revive. The collapse‐revivals are most profound for the spin along the magnetic field and subbands populations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some theoretical problems in chemistry and physics
Authors: Brändas Erkki J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRecently the need for incorporating so‐called Jordan blocks in the theoretical formulation of dynamical processes in Nature has been confronted and challenged. In addition, quantum mechanics has evolved from the very theoretical to the highly technological prompting the establishment of the new field of quantum technology. Initial studies in an extended time‐irreversible picture seem to indicate a possible map of degenerate Jordan forms onto the description of complex natural phenomena. Jordan blocks appear logically in the generalized dynamical picture. A compelling interpretation is microscopic self‐organization (MSO). Not only have the manifestation of quantum thermal correlations, and the emergence of generic time scales been established, but the present viewpoint also appears to throw new light on the age‐old problem of quantum mechanics versus relativity. A simple resonance model is presented that bears out the problems and possibilities. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Absence of ductus venosus—importance of umbilical venous drainage site
Authors: Berg C. , Kamil D. , Geipel A. , Kohl T. , Knöpfle G. , Hansmann M. , Gembruch U. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the conditions associated with absent ductus venosus (ADV) diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography.MethodsRetrospective review of 23 cases with ADV diagnosed in two tertiary referral centers with a general screening policy concerning Doppler assessment of the ductus venosus. The results are discussed together with 63 cases from a review of the literature.ResultsIn 19 fetuses the umbilical vein connected to the portal sinus, while the remaining four fetuses had extrahepatic umbilical venous drainage. Associated anomalies were present in 15 out of 23 fetuses: complex malformation syndromes (n = 6), chromosomal anomalies (n = 4), isolated cardiac defects (n = 4) and isolated extracardiac anomalies (n = 1). Eight fetuses had either no associated anomalies or minor anomalies. Hydropic changes were present in 12 of the 23 fetuses. In common with the reviewed cases, the presence of cardiac malformations, complex non‐chromosomal malformation syndromes and hydrops was significantly associated with intrauterine or postnatal death while the type of umbilical venous drainage was not significantly different between survivors and non‐survivors. However, among fetuses with no or minor associated anomalies the outcome was significantly better in the group without liver bypass.ConclusionsADV is significantly associated with fetal cardiac and extracardiac anomalies, aneuploidies and hydrops. Fetuses with liver bypass have an additional risk of developing congestive heart failure that significantly affects outcome, even if the fetal cardiovascular anatomy is otherwise normal. ADV without liver bypass seems to have a more favorable prognosis if it is not associated with other malformations. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lesch–Nyhan disease in a 20‐year‐ old man incorrectly described as developing ‘cerebral palsy’ after general anaesthesia in infancy
Authors: Chiong M. A. , Marinaki A. , Duley J. , Bennetts B. , Ouvrier R. , Christodoulou J. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryLesch–Nyhan disease (LND) is a rare X‐linked recessive genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) enzyme. The classic clinical condition is characterized by cognitive impairment, hypotonia at rest, choreoathetosis, hyperuricaemia and the hallmark symptom of severe and involuntary self‐mutilation. We describe a man with LND who was initially thought to have suffered from a dyskinetic cerebral palsy after an uncomplicated inguinal herniorrhaphy under general anaesthesia at 5 1/2 months of age. In the absence of overt self‐injurious behaviour, the diagnosis was not considered for nearly two decades. The diagnosis of LND was established at 20 years of age through clinical review, biochemical examinations and molecular analysis. HPRT haemolysate activity was 7.6% of the normal control, suggesting that he had a milder variant of the disease. Mutation analysis of the HPRT gene revealed a novel missense mutation, c.449T > G in exon 6 (p.V150G). Cascade testing of family members revealed that the mother was heterozygous for the mutation but two siblings (a brother and a sister) did not carry the sequence mutation. Whether the onset of neurological abnormalities in this particular case can be attributed to the general anaesthesia is discussed.
Organization theory and supply chain management: An evolving research perspective
Authors: Miles Raymond E. , Snow Charles C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe supply chain is the central organizing unit in today's global industries. We describe how supply chains have evolved over the last three decades, arguing that their organizational history can be divided into three periods. In the first period, the primary focus was on how to make operations throughout the supply chain more efficient. In the second period, the focus shifted from efficiency to effectiveness as leading firms began to incorporate the ideas and expertise of their suppliers and partners into the management of the supply chain. In the current period, some firms are beginning to explore how supply chains can be extended across industries in addition to operating efficiently and effectively within industries.
Arthroplasty of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Using Costal Cartilage Grafts
Authors: HASEGAWA T. , YAMANO Y. 
Published: July 2006

Seven intra-articular fractures in five patients with partial bone loss at the PIP joint were reconstructed using a graft of costal cartilage. In all cases there were total or partial cartilagenous defects of the proximal phalangeal side of the joint. Early treatment of two joints, using only costal cartilage grafts, resulted in bony ankylosis due to necrosis of the grafted cartilage. In five joints the grafted cartilage included osseous portions using the costo-osteochondral junction, leading to an average range of movement of 64° with satisfactory clinical results. The technique is a useful alternative to other forms of arthroplasty or arthrodesis, and can provide satisfactory functional results when there is a partial defect of the head of the proximal phalanx.
Energy transfer in Hall-MHD turbulence: cascades, backscatter, and dynamo action
Authors: MININNI PABLO D. , ALEXAKIS ALEXANDROS , POUQUET ANNICK 
Published: July 2006

AbstractScale interactions in Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) are studied using both the mean field theory derivation of transport coefficients, and direct numerical simulations in three space dimensions. In the magnetically dominated regime, the eddy resistivity is found to be negative definite, leading to large-scale instabilities. A direct cascade of the total energy is observed, although as the amplitude of the Hall effect is increased, backscatter of magnetic energy to large scales is found, a feature not present in MHD flows. The coupling between the magnetic and velocity fields is different than in the MHD case, and backscatter of energy from small-scale magnetic fields to large-scale flows is also observed. For the magnetic helicity, a strong quenching of its transfer is found. We also discuss non-helical magnetically forced Hall-MHD simulations where growth of a large-scale magnetic field is observed.
Density and temperature effects on a surface electron-acoustic wave in a semi-bounded dusty plasma of two-temperature electrons
Authors: KI DAE-HAN , JUNG YOUNG-DAE 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe effects of density and temperature on a surface electron-acoustic plasma wave are investigated in a semi-bounded dusty plasma of two-temperature electrons. The dispersion relation of the surface electron-acoustic plasma wave is obtained by the plasma dielectric function with the specular reflection boundary condition. The phase velocity is found to be decreased when increasing the ratio of the temperature of hot electrons to that of cold electrons for large wave numbers. It is also found that the phase velocity increases with an increase in the ratio of the density of hot electrons to that of cold electrons and that the phase velocity of the surface electron-acoustic wave increases with an increase in the density of the dust grains.
In vitro developmental competence of pig nuclear transferred embryos: effects of GFP transfection, refrigeration, cell cycle synchronization and shapes of donor cells
Authors: Zhang Yun-Hai , Pan Deng-Ke , Sun Xiu-Zhu , Sun Guo-Jie , Liu Xiao-Hui , Wang Xiao-Bo , Tian Xing-Hua , Li Yan , Dai Yun-Ping , Li Ning 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThe present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of producing pig transgenic blastocysts expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) and to examine the effects of shape and preparation methods of donor cells on in vitro developmental ability of pig nuclear transferred embryos (NTEs). In experiment 1, the effect of GFP transfection on development of pig NTEs was evaluated. The cleavage and blastocyst rates showed no significant difference between NTEs derived from transfected and non-transfected donors. In experiment 2, the effect of different nuclear donor preparation methods on in vitro development of NTEs was examined. The cleavage rate showed no statistically significant differences among three preparation methods. The blastocyst rates of donor cells treated once at −4 °C and those of freshly digested cells were similar to each other (26.3% vs 17.9%). The lowest blastocyst rates (5.88%) were observed when cells cryopreserved at −196 °C were used as donors. In experiment 3, the effect of different cell cycle synchronization methods on the in vitro development potential of pig NTEs was evaluated. The cleavage rate of NTEs derived from cycling cells was much better than that of NTEs derived from serum-starved cells (64.4% vs 50.5%, p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the the blastocyst rates of the two groups. In experiment 4, the effect of different shapes of cultured fibroblast cells on the in vitro development of pig NTEs was examined. The fusion rate for couplets derived from rough cells was poorer than that observed in couplets derived from round smooth cells (47.8% vs 76.8%, p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed in the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate. In conclusion, the present study indicated that (i) refrigerated pig GFP-transfected cells could be used as donors in nuclear transfer and these NTEs could be effectively developed to blastocyst stage; (ii) serum starvation of GFP-transfected cells is not required for preimplantation development of pig NTEs; and (iii) a rough surface of GFP-transfected donor cells affects fusion rate negatively but has no influence on the cleavage rate or blastocyst rate of pig NTEs.
Effect of embryo developmental stage and culture conditions on number and quality of ovinein vitroproduced blastocysts
Authors: Garcia-Garcia R.M. , Dominguez V. , Gonzalez-Bulnes A. , Veiga-Lopez A. , Cocero M.J. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThis study evaluated the final output and quality ofin vitroproduced blastocysts derived fromin vivorecovered sheep embryos cultured at various early developmental stages to blastocyst. A total of 270 embryos were recovered from the oviduct, at different days of the early luteal phase, and were classified into three different developmental stages: 2- to 4-cell (n= 93); 5- to 8-cell (n= 92) and 9- to 12-cell (n= 85). The effect of culture conditions was studied, at the same time, by randomly allocating the embryos to one of four groups: three groups of culture with fresh oviduct monolayers (2, 4 and 5 days old) and a fourth group with 2-day monolayers derived from frozen-thawed oviduct cells. Two control groups were established: first, embryos cultured in semi-defined medium (n= 29) and, second, blastocysts obtainedin vivoand cryopreserved (n= 43). Influence on blastocyst yield of embryo developmental stage at the start of culture was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Two- to four-cell embryos showed a significantly lower developmental rate (67.7%) than the 5- to 8-cell (83.6%;p< 0.001) and 9- to 12-cell groups (90.5%;p< 0.0001) and lower quality in terms of blastocyst cryotolerance (56.0 vs. 83.7%;p< 0.005). There were no detected effects relating to the age or handling of the monolayer on the embryo developmental rate, but the day of blastocyst appearance was different between embryos cultured on monolayers derived from fresh or frozen-thawed cells (p< 0.0001); the main influence was on the group of 9- to 12-cell embryos (p< 0.0001). Current results confirm the temporal sensitivities of sheep embryos toin vitroculture, regardless of the culture conditions.
Immunology and Homeopathy. 4. Clinical Studies—Part 1
Authors: Bellavite Paolo , Ortolani Riccardo , Pontarollo Francesco , Piasere Valeria , Benato Giovanni , Conforti Anita 
Published: July 2006

The evidence‐based research of the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines in common immunologic disorders is reviewed. In part 1, we introduce methodological issues of clinical research in homeopathy, and criteria utilized to evaluate the literature. Then 24 studies (12 randomized and 12 non‐randomized) on common upper respiratory tract infections and otorhinolaryngologic complaints are described. In part 2, the focus will be on allergic diseases and the effectiveness of homeopathy will be globally evaluated and discussed using the criteria of evidence‐based medicine.Corrigendum to
“Immunology and Homeopathy. 4. Clinical Studies—Part 1”dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel063
Laser Scanning Microscopy of the Human Larynx Mucosa: A Preliminary, Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Just Tino , Stave Joachim , Boltze Carsten , Wree Andreas , Kramp Burkhard , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Pau Hans Wilhelm 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) supplies in vivo information from epithelia up to depths between 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The aim of this ex vivo prospective pilot study was to investigate the potential use of LSM for the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and its precursors.Methods: Forty‐three larynx specimens of 26 patients (age 35–61 years, mean age 51.9 ± 9.5 years; 7 women and 19 men) with laryngeal lesions were investigated with LSM. The LSM findings were compared with histopathologic sections. The following criteria were used for characterization of cancerous lesions: enlarged nuclei, enlarged cells with variable shapes, cluster of cells, increased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, irregular cell architecture, and loss of cellular junctions characterized by lack of visualization of the cell membrane.Results: LSM enables the visualization of epithelium up to the basement membrane, Reincke space, the subepithelial vessels, and the fibers of the subepithelial space. In contrast to the squamous epithelium, the respiratory epithelium bears kinocilia. The beat of the cilia and the directed mucous transport can be observed ex vivo. With the use of the presented malignancy criteria, a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 82.9% for differentiation of dysplasia and benign laryngeal lesions from cancer were reached.Conclusions: LSM in an ex vivo manner supplies microscopic images up to the subepithelial space. LSM could represent a new technology in laryngology to visualize larynx epithelia. In the next step, in vivo LSM will be applied to evaluate laryngeal lesion in vivo.
Optical Coherence Tomography of Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Armstrong William B. , Ridgway James M. , Vokes David E. , Guo Shuguang , Perez Jorge , Jackson Ryan P. , Gu Mai , Su Jianping , Crumley Roger L. , Shibuya Terry Y. , Mahmood Usama , Chen Zhongping , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high‐resolution optical imaging technique that produces cross‐sectional images of living tissues using light in a manner similar to ultrasound. This prospective study evaluated the ability of OCT to identify the characteristics of laryngeal cancer and measure changes in the basement membrane, tissue microstructure, and the transition zone at the edge of tumors.Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty‐three patients underwent OCT examination during surgical endoscopy of the head and neck. Twenty‐two patients with laryngeal cancer or a history of laryngeal cancer were imaged with a fiberoptic OCT system. Tumor and adjacent transition zones were imaged along with uninvolved subsites. OCT images were correlated with histopathology.Results: Twenty‐six OCT examinations were performed in 22 patients. Basement membrane disruption was seen in 18 subjects, all of whom had histology showing classic features of cancer. A transition zone to uninvolved epithelium at the tumor periphery was also often observed. In six studies, benign or premalignant processes were histologically confirmed. In three thin, superficial lesions, an intact basement membrane was observed. The basement membrane could not be identified in three other bulky exophytic, premalignant lesions, primarily because of increased superficial signal backscattering observed in pathologic tissues.Conclusions: OCT clearly identifies basement membrane violation from laryngeal cancer and can identify transition zones at the cancer margin. In bulky exophytic lesions, OCT signal may not penetrate deeply enough to show the basement membrane, but for many suspicious lesions that require exclusion of cancer, OCT shows potential for assisting in diagnostic assessment.