bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further evidence for common antigens in herpes simplex and varicella‐zoster viruses
Authors: Schmidt Nathalie J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo elucidate the mechanism of heterologous antibody responses to herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella‐zostcr virus (VZV) which occur in some patients with HSV or VZV infections, stronger evidence was sought for the existence of cross‐reacting antibodies to these viruses, using antibody absorption procedures. Absorption of sera from initial HSV infections with HSV antigen was found to abolish heterologous antibody titer rises to VZV, as demonstrated in complement fixation, neutralization, and anti‐complement immunofluorescence test systems. In most instances, convalescent‐phase titers to heterologous VZV were reduced by HSV absorption to levels comparable to those in the acute‐phase serum, indicating that cross‐reacting antibodies were, in fact, responsible for the heterologous antibody titer rises. Absorption of convalescent‐phase sera from HSV or VZV patients with homologous antigen also abolished or greatly diminished immunoprecipitating activity with the heterologous antigen, furnishing additional evidence of the existence of cross‐reacting antibodies. Absorption of sera with insolubilized IgG to reremove rheumatoid factor, which was present in a number of the sera studied, had no effect on either homologous or heterologous antibody titer increases. The demonstration of cross‐reacting antibodies to HSV and VZV supports the concept that these two human herpesviruses share common antigen(s).
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection in korea
Authors: Chung Whan Kook , Sun Hee Sik , Park Doo Ho , Minuk Gerald Y. , Hoofnagle Jay H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerological evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) were assayed in sera from 112 Korean patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and from 63 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Serological evidence of HBV infection was found in 100% of PHC patients and in 97% of controls. The majority of PHC patients (87%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In contrast, only 14% of control individuals were positive for HBsAg, but 82% were positive for antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in a high percentage (38%) of HBsAg‐positive PHC patients, but in none of the nine HBsAg‐positive control individuals. Serum AFP was detectable in 83% of PHC patients but in only one of 63 controls (1.5%). These results document that HBV infection may be the mjor factor in the development of PHC in this country.
The detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus in the sera of renal transplant patients by an igm antibody capture assay
Authors: Sutherland Sheena , Briggs J. Douglas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn IgM antibody capture assay for detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM antibody (MACRIA) was developed. It was shown to be of similar sensitivity to the indirect immunofluorescence test but has the advantage that rheumatoid factor does not react in it and pretest fractionation of serum is not required. It does, however, give false results with some Paul Bunnell‐positive sera.The assay was used to measure the IgM response in 28 renal transplant patients followed prospectively. Seven patients (100%) with primary infections and six of 13 (46%) patients with secondary infections developed IgM by MACRIA. Nine of 13 (69%) patients with CMV IgM‐positive sera had symptoms other than pyrexia associated with CMV infections, while only one of seven (14%) IgM‐negative infections were symptomatic. Four of seven irreversible rejection episodes were associated with CMV IgM. The possible significance of CMV IgM production is discussed.
Congenital and perinatal infection with junin virus in guinea pigs
Authors: Sangiorgio Patricia , Weissenbacher Mercedes C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractJunin virus infection in guinea pigs is known to be similar to human Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). The guinea pig was chosen as a model for transplacental transmission of Junin virus, as both guinea pig and man have a similar placental structure. Pregnant guinea pigs were infected with the pathogenic XJ strain of Junin virus intramuscularly route at different stages of pregnancy. The group infected during the last third of pregnancy produced 16 newborn, but mortality reached 100%: 18% were born with typical AHF hemorrhagic signs, 54% without signs, and the remainder were stillborn.Virus was recovered from organs of newborns, as well as placental tissues. A second group, infected in the second third of pregnancy, died with intrauterine fetuses, all of which showed hemorrhagic signs and virus present. In a last group, infected in the first third of pregnancy, fetuses were free from macroscopic lesions. In order to determine whether lactation may be an alternative infection route in guinea pigs, mother guinea pigs were infected with Junin virus at different times postparturition. The 84% noninfected newborn housed together with their infected mothers died during the suckling period, half with typical AHF signs.Junin virus transmission from mother to fetus was thus proved, and lactation may be considered as an alternative perinatal infection route.
Candidate adenoviruses 40 and 41: Fastidious adenoviruses from human infant stool
Authors: De Jong J. C. , Kapsenberg Jacoba G. , Muzerie C. J. , Wermenbol A. G. , Kidd A. H. , Wadell G. , Firtzlaff R.‐G. , Wigand R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAbout 200 antigenically related adenovimses were isolated from cases of infantile diarrhoea in the Netherlands and North‐West Germany. The viruses were fastidious and failed to replicate serially in human diploid fibroblasts and in primary human embryonic kidney cells. A number of strains were established in HeLa, HEp‐2, Graham (293), cynomolgus monkey kidney, and Chang conjunctival cells. The viruses were mammalian adenoviruses by the usual criteria. No relationship to the 39 known human adenovirus species was found, either by neutralization tests or by haemagglutination inhibition tests. Neutralization tests showed two distinct variants, represented by strains Tak and Dugan. The variants were identical in haemagglutination inhibition tests. DNA restriction enzyme analysis showed Tak and Dugan to have considerably different genomcs, indicating that these variants should be classified as different species (Wadell et al, 1983). It is proposed that the variants should be called Mastadenovirus h 40 (with reference strains Dugan and Hovi X) and Mastadenovirus h 41 (with reference strain Tak). Neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition tests demonstrated that the viruses from Glasgow and Helsinki (Hovi X) described by Johansson ct al [1980] and by Kidd and Madeley [1981] belong to these two adenovirus species.
Replication of encephalomyocarditis virus in various mammalian cell types
Authors: Kelly Pamela M. , Shanley John D. , Sears Joel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently, the biological and biochemical characteristics of EMC virus have received considerable attention, but little is known concerning the relative susceptibility of various mammalian cells to EMC virus. In this study, a variety of mammalian cell types was evaluated for susceptibility to the M strain of EMC virus by comparing peak viral titers, time course of infection, plaquing efficiency, and formation of viral antigens. Infection of all murine and guinea pig cell types resulted in substantial virus replication and induction of viral antigens in greater than 95% of cells. Human cell lines supported replication with a slower time course, but significant increases in viral yield and plaquing efficiency occurred with viral adaptation following successive replication cycles in human cells. All rat cell lines were relatively resistant to EMC virus infection and replication, and less than 1% of rat cells expressed viral antigens. Attempts were unsuccessful to adapt virus by successive replication cycles in rat cells. The possible reasons for the relative resistance of rat cells are currently under investigation.
Antibodies to fastidious faecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) in sera from children
Authors: Kidd A. H. , Banatvala J. E. , de Jong J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree hundred and seventy‐seven single sera from children in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Gambia, Guatemala, and Kuwait were tested for antibodies to fastidious fecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) by neutralisation test using a variant of Ad41 (Ad4la). All children were less than 12 years of age, and at least 41.1% of the total tested had antibodies. One hundred and fifty‐four of these sera were collected during the 1960s from London children attending day nurseries, and 54.5% had antibodies to Ad40 or Ad41. The proportion of seropositive children from an isolated Gambian village community in 1979 was similar to the proportion of seropositives in London children bled in 1979–1980.
Relationship between type specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus and type specificity in human sera
Authors: Ozaki Yoshikatsu , Ishiguro Tatsuya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA quantitative analysis was carried out on the relationship between type specific neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus and the type specificity, using a mutual absorbing procedure. Forty‐two samples were selected among human sera, on the basis of type specificity expressed by the value of II/I index. All sera with values of less than 90 of II/I index contained only type 1 specific antibody, while those with values over 111 contained only type 2 specific antibody. When the values were between 90 and 110, type 1 specific antibody was present in all, and type 2 specific antibody was present in some serum samples.
Subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection
Authors: Lemon Stanley M. , Scott Robert Mcnair , Bancroft William H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo assess the feasibility of jet injection for mass immunization against hepatitis B virus, inactivated, alum‐adsorbed hepatitis B vaccine (Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA) was administered subcutaneously by automatic jet injection to 19 volunteers lacking antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs). Three 20‐μg doses were given at 0, 1, and 6 months. Of 19 volunteers, 5 (26%) developed anti‐HBs by 1 month after the first injection, and 15 of 19 (79%) were anti‐HBs‐positive 6 to 8 weeks after the first booster administration. Following the second booster, 16 of 19 (84%) recipients had detectable anti‐HBs. Possible systemic reactions were limited to low‐grade fever (37.8°C) in one volunteer following one injection, and mild lethargy in a second recipient. Local reactions to jet injection of vaccine occurred more frequently, with indurated, nodular lesions 3–10 mm in diameter developing at the site of 19 of 57 (33%) vaccine injections, compared with 2 of 57 (3%) saline placebo injections. Such nodules were generally painless. Sore arms were noted in 11 of 57 (19%) vaccine injections.With the exception of frequent but minor local reactions, subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection is safe, and results in vaccine immunogenicity approximating that associated with intramuscular needle injection.
Combined chemotherapy of cutaneous herpes simplex infection of the guinea pig
Authors: Burkhardt U. , Wigand R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCutaneous infection of guinea pigs with HSV1 was topically treated from 2 to 6 days post infection with 7 antiherpetic substances. Phosphonoformic acid and acyclovir were found to be highly effective; trifluorothymidine, thymine arabinoside, ethyldeoxyuridine, and adenine arabinoside monophosphate all had some therapeutic effect in decreasing order, whereas iododeoxyuridine was ineffective. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated from cutaneous lesion scores by the Wilcoxon rank test. The substances were combined in marginally effective concentrations. From the 21 combinations, acyclovir + phosphonoformic acid, acyclovir + thymine arabinoside, and phosphonoformic acid + thymine arabinoside suggested a synergistic interaction, which appeared significant for acyclovir + phosphonoformic acid.
Alteration of blood coagulation and complement system in neotropical primates infected with Junin virus
Authors: Molinas Felisa C. , Giavedoni Elda , Frigerio Marcelo J. , Calello Miguel A. , Barcat Juan A. , Weissenbacher Mercedes C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe neotropical primate Callithrix jacchus infected with Junin virus presented an acute disease with hematological and neurological manifestations and died 17 to 24 days after infection. This picture is similar to that of human Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Blood coagulation and complement studies were performed in ten C jacchus animals inoculated with 103 TCID50 of Junin virus, the prototype pathogenic XJ strain. Four monkeys were used as normal controls. Infected monkeys and normal controls were bled to death on days 7, 14, 17, and 21. A progressive decrease in the number of platelets was found after day 7 of infection. On day 21, the last monkey had a value of 24,000/μl. The levels of blood clotting factors did not change until day 17, when a shortened partial thromboplastin time activated with Kaolin (PTTK) (36 sec) and increased factors VIII (192.2%) and VII‐X (266.6%) were found. On day 21, the PTTK was prolonged (50.7 sec) and factors II, V, and VIII, were decreased. Thrombin time was found prolonged from day 14 onward. Fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDPs) were increased on days 17 (754 mg/dl and 9.2 μg/ml) and 21 (457 mg/dl and 29.4 μg/ml). No changes in the levels of α2 macroglobulin were observed. Complement hemolytic levels were found to be low on day 7 (58.3 UCH50, increased on day 14 (165.1), and within normal range at the end of infection (107.2). C3 levels showed a similar pattern. The bone marrow was active and hypercellular, and the number and morphology of megakaryocytes were normal in all but one of infected animals. The results of blood clotting suggest a limited activation. The complement system presented a profile of activation followed by a rebound phenomenon. The activation of complement appeared ten days before the alteration of the clotting system was evident.
Class‐specific antibody responses to early and late antigens of varicella and herpes simplex viruses
Authors: Schmidt Nathalie J. , Gallo Dana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibody responses to early antigens of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), simian varicella virus, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2) were studied in primary, secondary, and latent infections. IgG antibody responses to the early antigens occurred in primary and secondary VZV and HSV infections, and antibodies to early antigens were also demonstrable in healthy individuals with latent VZV and HSV infections, indicating that the presence of antibodies to early antigens cannot be taken as evidence of active infection with the viruses. Patients with current VZV or HSV infections showed heterotypic IgG antibody responses to early antigens of VZV and HSV to the same extent as to late antigens. In all groups of patients, IgG antibody titers to early antigens were similar to those against the corresponding late antigens, and no difference was seen in the reactivity of early antigens produced with four different blocking agents (cytosine arabinoside, bromodeoxyuridine, trisodium phosphonoformate, and cycloheximide). Antibodies of the IgM and IgA classes reacted with both early and late antigens of HSV, but only with late antigens of VZV and simian varicella virus, suggesting that these antibodies may be directed against late proteins that are expressed to a greater extent in HSV‐infected cells treated with blocking agents than they are expressed in treated VZV‐infected cells. Homologous IgM antibody responses occurred in both primary and secondary VZV infections, but only in primary HSV infections. Heterotypic IgM responses to HSV‐2 antigen were noted in a few VZV patients who did not have demonstrable IgG antibody to HSV, suggesting that even in patients without prior experience with HSV, a VZV infection may stimulate the production of IgM antibodies that react with antigens that are shared by VZV and HSV‐2. IgA antibodies to late antigens of VZV and HSV were demonstrable in latent, as well as active, infections with these viruses.
Three different serotypes of human rotavirus determined using an interference test with coxsackievirus B 1
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Konno Tasuke , Numazaki Yoshio , Kitaoka Setsuko , Sato Tetsuo , Imai Aki , Tazawa Fumiyo , Nakagomi Toyoko , Nakagomi Osamu , Ishida Nakao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMA104 cells were used to titrate human rotavirus, and its capacity to render the cells resistant to coxsackievirus B 1 infection enabled us to determine easily the infectious titer of three prototype human rotaviruses. When rabbit antisera prepared against these prototype viruses were used for the neutralization test, the viruses could be discriminated from each other by a specific neutralization test.
Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the detection of delta antigen and anti‐delta, Using serum as the delta antigen source
Authors: Shattock Alan G. , Morgan Bridget M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, EIA) was developed for the detection of delta antigen in serum treated with Tween 20. The serum delta antigen so derived was used in an ELISA for anti‐delta. Both tests were specific and more sensitive than radioimmunoassay (RIA) when applied to testing parenteral drug abusers. It is concluded that the different sources of delta‐antigen used may account for the different sensitivities noted, and that delta antigenaemia in acute infection may be more frequently detectable than was first thought, amounting to 71% of those with delta infection in this study and that these sera are a convenient alternative source of antigen.
The use of IgM tests for analysis of the causes of measles vaccine failures: Experience gained in an epidemic in hungary in 1980 and 1981
Authors: Nagy G. , Kósa Susanna , Takátsy Susanna , Koller M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFollowing a period of 6 years of low measles incidence, an epidemic occurred in Hungary with more than 11,000 reported cases between September 1980 and August 1981. About 60% of the cases had a documented history of previous measles vaccination. Serum samples obtained from 7815 patients were examined for measles antibody by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). In addition to conventional antibody titration, most of the sera or their IgM fraction obtained by a simple ion exchange chromatography were tested for the presence of measles‐specific IgM antibodies by 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) treatment, and in 300 patients also by the fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Laboratory results confirmed the diagnosis of measles in 5356 patients and supported it in 685 cases. Primary antibody response was found in 96.1% of unvaccinated and in 77.4% of previously vaccinated patients. The percentage of secondary antibody responses increased with increasing time from vaccination only in patients vaccinated before their first birthday, whereas in those who were immunized when over 12 months old, the distribution of primary and secondary antibody responses was independent from the time that had elapsed since vaccination. Therefore, secondary vaccine failure due to waning immunity account for only 6.2% of previously vaccinated patients, whereas in 93.8% of patients, including the majority of those with secondary antibody response, a primary failure of vaccination due to unsuccessful immunization was incriminated.
Incidence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in penile lesions of college men
Authors: Docherty John J. , Lohse Megan A. , Dellaria Marco F. , Naugle Floyd P. , Mason Charles W. , Knerr Richard A. , McDermott Harry M. , Mundon Francis K. , Zimmerman Daniel H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) was isolated from penile lesions of 15 college men. Using (E)‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐2'‐deoxyuridine sensitivity, monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence, and restriction endonuclease EcoRI digestion of viral DNA, 4 of 15 (26%) isolates were found to be HSV‐1, and 11 of 15 (74%) isolates were found to be HSV‐2. It is likely that some of the genital HSV‐1 infections are related to oral genital contact, but this fact could not be established for all cases, since the females in this group had previously been shown to have a high incidence of genital HSV‐1.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtype‐specific antibodies in persons vaccinated against hepatitis B
Authors: Jilg Wolfgang , Delhoune Corinne , Deinhardt Friedrich , Roumeliotou‐Karayannis Anastasia J. , Papaevangelou George J. , Mushahwar Isa K. , Overby Lacy R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred sixty‐three persons immunised against hepatitis B with a vaccine containing HBsAg either of adw or ayw subtype were examined for antibodies against the a, d, and y determinants of HBsAg. Sera were tested for antibodies against HBsAg adw and HBsAg ayw separately by a solid‐phase radioimmunoassay using polystyrene beads coated with HBsAg of either adw or ayw subtype, and the relative amounts of antibodies against the single determinants were calculated. After the third immunisation, all vaccinees had antibodies against the common determinant a. A quantitative evaluation showed that on average about 50% of HBsAg‐specific antibodies were directed against the a determinant, and about 50% against d or y, respectively. However, as only anti‐a is protective against cross‐infection with other HBsAg subtypes, the degree of immunity of a person vaccinated against hepatitis B should be evaluated by the determination of antibodies to a rather than antibodies against total HBsAg.
The use of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate isolates of herpes simplex types 1 and 2 by neutralisation and reverse passive haemagglutination tests
Authors: Buckmaster E. A. , Cranage M. P. , McLean C. S. , Coombs R. R. A. , Minson A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies specific for herpes simplex type 1 or type 2 were used in reverse passive haemagglutination tests or infectivity neutralisation tests to serotype 100 isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV). All isolates were independently serotyped by measuring their sensitivity to bromovinyl deoxyuridine. Reverse passive haemagglutination tests with type‐specific antibodies directed against the HSV glycoprotein D and major DNA binding protein gave results in perfect agreement with the results of drug‐sensitivity measurement. A single isolate behaved anomalously in the neutralisation test with a type 1‐specific antibody directed against glycoprotein A/B. Restriction‐enzyme analysis of virus DNA suggests that this isolate contains a variant glycoprotein A/B.The two methods used for serotyping proved very sensitive, giving adequate results with samples containing as little as 100 plaque forming units (pfu) of HSV. The reverse passive haemagglutination test has the additional advantages of speed and simplicity.
In vitro neutralization of HSV‐2: Inhibition by binding of normal IgG and purified Fc to virion Fc receptor (FcR)
Authors: Dowler Kenneth W. , Veltri Robert W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe designed experiments to assess the effects of binding of the HSV‐2 Fc receptor (FcR) to purified rabbit nonimmune IgG and purified Fc. Purified Fc (75 μg) or nonimmune IgG (100 μg) when bound to HSV‐2 did not reduce infectivity but did protect the virions against thermal inactivation at 37°C. However, preincubation of these two reagents with HSV‐2 virions significantly protected against neutralization by specific anti‐HSV‐2, F(ab')2 purified rabbit antiserum. The blockage of neutralization and protection against thermal inactivation afforded by FcR‐Fc interaction on HSV‐2 virions provide a tenable mechanism to explain viral persistence in an immune host.