bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drosophila Biology in the Genomic Age
Authors: Markow Therese Ann , O'Grady Patrick M 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Over the course of the past century, flies in the family Drosophilidae have been important models for understanding genetic, developmental, cellular, ecological, and evolutionary processes. Full genome sequences from a total of 12 species promise to extend this work by facilitating comparative studies of gene expression, of molecules such as proteins, of developmental mechanisms, and of ecological adaptation. Here we review basic biological and ecological information of the species whose genomes have recently been completely sequenced in the context of current research.
Development of a Nutrition Counselling Care MapFor Dyslipidemia
Authors: Brauer Paula M. , Hanning Rhona M. , Arocha Jose F. , Royall Dawna , Grant Andrew , Dietrich Linda , Martino Roselle 
Published: November 2007

Purpose: Care maps or clinical pathways for nutrition therapy of dyslipidemia could add to current practice guidelines, by providing templates for feasible and recommended diet counselling processes. A care map was therefore developed by engaging expert and generalist dietitians and external experts from across Canada in a multi-stage consensus process.Methods: First, a qualitative study was undertaken with a convenience sample of 12 practitioners to identify possible diet care options, using hypothetical client scenarios and cognitive analysis. Second, these care options were rated for five case scenarios considered typical (overweight clients, with or without clinical cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities, potentially motivated to change, consuming high-fat diets, and facing various major barriers to eating behaviour change). The rating was conducted through a survey of participants. Highly appropriate, recommended, and feasible options for counselling were ranked through a two-round modified Delphi process, with teleconference discussions between rounds.Results: Forty-nine professionals started the consensus process; 39 (80%) completed all aspects. Numerous care processes were appropriate for all clients, with additional focus on barriers for low-income clients, sodium intake for clients with hypertension, and smoking cessation in smokers.Conclusions: The resulting care map, “Dietitians’ Quick Reference Guide for Clinical Nutrition Therapy for Overweight Clients with Dyslipidemia,” provides a basis for current practice and new effectiveness studies.
La sémantique de la négation en français
Authors: Ritz Marie-Ève 
Published: November 2007

4. M.-E. Ritz, « The semantics of negation in French »
This paper shows how the use of a metalanguage consisting of primitives allows one to clarify some of the problems raised by negation in French. The latter is envisaged not from a static point of view, but, within the psychomecanic tradition, as a cinetism moving from more to less, from plus to minus. The author deals first with fuzziness in negation as achieved by the use of hedges, then looks at the « redundant » ne wich occasionally occurs in the language.
Métrique arabe : une alternative au modèle xalilien
Authors: Bohas Georges , Paoli Bruno 
Published: November 2007

G. Bohas & B. Paoli
This article is an attempt to provide some new insights in the analysis of Classical Arabic metrics and to bring to light some arguments against al-Xalîl's theory of circles, by eliminating one of its fundamental elements, the minimal unit (watid mafrûq, &lt;- &gt;). This theory prevented from discovering important generalizations, which imply the reorganization of the metrical system.
"Les mots ne sont pas des fromages" : la dichotomie saussurienne diachronie/synchronie et la distribution du couple an/année en français actuel
Authors: Halmoy Odile 
Published: November 2007

Jane-Odile Halmøy : « Les mots ne sont pas des fromages » : la dichotomie saussurienne diachronie/synchronie et la distribution du couple an/année en français actuel
The distribution of the quasi-synonymous pair an/année in modern French presents a real problem for foreigners who only have one term to express the same notion in their native language. The author, analyzing Halmøy 79, Berthonneau 89, and Danell 90, among others, concludes that this is a typical case of linguistic stratification, i.e. a case of « temporary integration in a given structure of a previous system » (« un cas d'intégration momentanée à une structure donnée d'un système partiel antérieur ». Flydal 1951 : 240).
Modern French presents a consistent synchronic system as far as syntax is concerned. The « residual » use of an, as in bon an, mal an, or s'en moquer comme de l'an quarante, etc., can be traced back to an earlier stage of the language.
Statut linguistique et gestion de la variation graphique
Authors: Honvault Renée 
Published: November 2007

R. Honvault : The Linguistic Status and the Management of Orthographical Variation
What makes language unique is the fact that, despite the heterogeneous nature of its realised forms, its structures remain fundamentally homogeneous. The status of variation is to be found in all sectors of the language, both spoken and written. There are phonetic and phonemic variants, lexical and syntactic variants, grammatical variants, variants of speech register, orthographical and typographical variants. In written language, variation is linked to the principles that underlie writing systems in general, and to the notion of invariants. It can be found at various functional levels : I. In the use of writing principles ; II. Graphemic and morphonographic variation ; III. Functional variation linked to the polyvalent nature of certain graphemes ; IV. Variation and Page Layout (especially in dictionaries). Variation appears just as much in total as in partial homonymy. It is a factor that encourages flexibility and progress, because it helps the management of language development.
Les variations graphiques du français : système et arbitraire dans la synchronie contemporaine
Authors: Gruaz Claude 
Published: November 2007

C. Gruaz : Orthographical Variations in French : System and Arbitrariness in Modern Synchrony
French orthography cannot be enclosed in a norm that would hinder its evolution, but its arbitrariness is no more acceptable. The norm must be distinguished from the system. The latter can be apprehended through a certain number of formalisable regularities. We intend to show that the same underlying regularities are to be found in the analysis of the graphemes ph, th and ch on the one hand, eau on the other hand.
À propos des variations orthographiques des mots d'origine exotique
Authors: Masson Michel 
Published: November 2007

M. Masson : Spelling Variants in exotic words
The graphic integration of words borrowed from languages written in the latin alphabet can be done in a simple way. But, when they come from languages written in different scripts, an adaptation is necessary. We would like : 1. to examine in view of what principles — or what whims — such an adaptation has been realised. 2. to propose some possible adjustments.
De l'aménagement de la graphie des mots en langue générale et des termes en langue technique au Québec
Authors: Vachon-L'Heureux Pierrette 
Published: November 2007

P. Vachon-L'Heureux : About graphic improvement in general language and technical words
From whatever point of view one observes the fantastically complex reality of language, it becomes obvious that the counterpart of the variation tendency present everywhere, essential basis for the constant renewal, the adaptability to change and the necessary evolution of the system that is tongue, is that the standardization. The intrinsic standardization operates discreetly upon the psychosemiological system underlying the mecanism allowing for the construction of discourse, of meaning, and in the end of the verbal communication. Our reflection deals with the material aspect of the linguistic sign. The long history of spelling reforms exemplifies in a striking fashion the real need for standardization of both the graphic system as such, and the larger sphere of writing practices. Graphic variation is of course submitted to the semantic variation, that of the lexical elements which vary from one linguistic community to another. In Québec French, the graphic variation is specifically distinct in reference to the word borrowing process from the English language and the relatively restricted weight of its community within the French entity, the francophonia. evolution of the system that is tongue, is that the standardization. The intrinsic standardization operates discreetly upon the psychosemiological system underlying the mecanism allowing for the construction of discourse, of meaning, and in the end of the verbal communication. Our reflection deals with the material aspect of the linguistic sign. The long history of spelling reforms exemplifies in a striking fashion the real need for standardization of both the graphic system as such, and the larger sphere of writing practices. Graphic variation is of course submitted to the semantic variation, that of the lexical elements which vary from one linguistic community to another. In Québec French, the graphic variation is specifically distinct in reference to the word borrowing process from the English language and the relatively restricted weight of its community within the French entity, the francophonia.
Le traitement des exemples dans les grands dictionnaires de la seconde partie du XIXe siècle (Littré, Dictionnaire Universel de P. Larousse, Dictionnaire général)
Authors: Delesalle Simone 
Published: November 2007

Simone Delesalle : The treatment of examples in the large dictionaries of the second half of the 19th century (Littré, Larousse, Hatzfeld and Darmesteter)
This study deals with the treatment of examples at a time dominated by what Littré calls « the desire of history », thus bringing out its relations with the aims pursued by the dictionaries' authors and with the microstructure of the articles. It attempts to specify the status of the examples in each work : the tools for glorifying the language, the illustration of the rules of its semantic evolution, etc. The comparison of these dictionaries reveals simultaneously the different facets of the language's relation to the texts, to the world and to the description of meaning.
Le statut de l'exemple dans les Synonymes françois de l'abbé Girard
Authors: Berlan Françoise 
Published: November 2007

Françoise Berlan : The status of the example in Abbé Girard's Synonymes françois.
The articles in abbé Girard's Synonymes françois (1736) reveal constant characteristics of the microstructure of a dictionary : the order of succession definition /example, the paired statements in opposition, and the italics reserved for the key-words, all constitute a stable organisation. Nevertheless, the unique enunciative source at times weakens the frontier between usage and mention, explication of meaning and discourse about the world. Definition and example are in fact in close cooperation : the example, heuristic and differentiating, although coming after in the article, is at the source of the gloss that has the status of definition.
Descriptions multiples et catégorisations : le journal dans tous ses états
Authors: Conein Bernard 
Published: November 2007

B. Conein : Multiple descriptions and object categorization
Little research has yet been done, except in theory of perception, on the multiple ways physical objects are represented when they are used. By showing how the same object affords several various descriptions that capture diverse components of its use, Marr shed light on the semantic role of intermediary representations. This analysis shows when an object is used, visual properties are represented in a specific way without requiring object recognition and object naming.
Introduire à la linguistique : le point de vue de Narcisse
Authors: Soutet Olivier 
Published: November 2007

Olivier Soutet, Introduire à la linguistique: le point de vue de Narcisse
Throughout this article, the author goes back to his recently published book, Linguistique, in order to emphasize the most original features of it, at least in his eyes. Without neglecting the closely complementary nature of linguistics and grammar — which ought to lead to go back over the mutual debarments of the 60' and 70' and, consequently, to reconsider the exact part of history in linguistic studies- the author stresses what seemes to him as strictly new for a beginner
— from a material point of view: sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, etc.
— from a conceptual point of view; the author enlarges on two concepts, which are typical of the poststructural linguistics, the concept of constructing operation and this of continuum.
La linguistique comme discipline en France de 1981 à 1997
Authors: Grunig Blanche-Noëlle 
Published: November 2007

Blanche-Noëlle Grunig, La linguistique comme discipline en France de 1981 à 1997
Blanche-Noëlle Grunig tries to estimate the influence of French institutions upon linguistics in recent years (1981-1997). She also notices the weight of material cares and social requirements. They all act upon the evolution of linguistics, either directly or indirectly through the representations built by searchers, teachers and students.
Théorie et pratique de la segmentation graphique dans les textes français du premier tiers du XVIe siècle
Authors: Baddeley Susan 
Published: November 2007

S. Baddeley: « Theory and practice of graphic segmentation in the 16th Century »
This article sets out to examine the practices of printers in the early 16th Century, concerning the writing of elements which were elided orally, and which could either be written as two separate elements (e.g. le homme) or as a single graphic form (lhomme). The choice of one or the other form appears to have depended on various factors : the grammatical category of the terms in question (some groups, such as article + noun, are more frequently written as a single form than others), the « graphic environment » (use of capitals, of aspirate/non-aspirate h, positional variants...), or on the type of text : in texts in verse, more care was taken to use spellings closer to the spoken language. The treatment of elisions also depends to a large extent on the printer, and on his experience of the French language. Many of these features had already been pointed out by the grammarian Palsgrave, to whose 1530 grammar we refer.
La dimension cataphorique du démonstratif. Etude de constructions à relative
Authors: Gary-Prieur Marie-Noëlle 
Published: November 2007

Marie Noëlle Gary-Prieur : The cataphoric value of demonstratives.
This article deals with some noun phrases built on a [demonstrative / noun / relative clause] structure. Such phrases require indeed two different analyses, whether they refer to a general or a specific object. In both cases though, these phrases always display a reader or listener-oriented discourse.
Valeurs représentative et énonciative du « présentatif » c'est et marquage du point de vue
Authors: Rabatel Alain 
Published: November 2007

Alain Rabatel : C'est as a point of view marker in fictional narratives
C'est has a double representational value in narratives: firstly because it signals the introduction a new object, secondly because it implies a perceiving or thinking "subject of consciousness" that validates the first representational value. This is why c'est is enough to introduce by itself a light point of view effect in the narrative and may become a full point of view marker, when coming along with a perfective to imperfective tense shift. All this is obviously of highest importance in the reading of narratives, since such linguistic devices strengthen the readers's referential illusion and identification with the character or narrator, hence legitimize possible interpretative inferences. effect in the narrative and may become a full point of view marker, when coming along with a perfective to imperfective tense shift. All this is obviously of highest importance in the reading of narratives, since such linguistic devices strengthen the readers's referential illusion and identification with the character or narrator, hence legitimize possible interpretative inferences.
Le mot clé. Variations sémantiques et régularité des fonctionnements
Authors: Peroz Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Péroz : Le mot clé. Variations sémantiques et régularité des fonctionnements
Taking the example of the French word « clé », the author argues that such a word is neither concrete nor abstract, massive or countable in itself, and should not be analysed through a reference to an object of the world. The function of a name is to allow, through its different uses, various types of embodiment of a notion, which remains in itself inaccessible. The author accounts for the variation of the word within the framework of a theory of the construction of occurrences of a notion.
À l’emporte-pièce : de la métaphore à l'outil
Authors: Thuillier François 
Published: November 2007

François Thuillier : À l'emporte-pièce : de la métaphore à l'outil
This article is based on the hypothesis that the meaning of à l'emporte-pièce can be accounted for through an examination of the different lexical units it is made of. We therefore start with defining what makes up the identity of each word contained in the expression. Then we show that the global semantic features of à l'emporte-pièce result from the interaction between its components. The purpose of our paper is to question the traditional views according to which the meaning of a set expression is, as such, not liable to be analysed.
L'adjectif personnel : anaphore ou prédicat de relation ?
Authors: Giry-Schneider Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

Jacqueline Giry-Schneider : Is the adjective personnel an anaphora or a relational predicate?
We investigate the syntactic and semantic properties of the adjective personnel. Strange as they are, we intend to show that this adjective belongs to a certain class named here "prédicats de relation", these relations may be temporal, spatial or logic; the specific meanings of the adjective personnel and of the noun person are systematically described and compared. Even when an adjective is constructed absolutely, it takes what we define a subjective, "qualificative" meaning which we suppose being derived of the "relative" one. Therefore, it may be concluded that traditional dichotomy (qualificative and relational adjectives) is irrelevant.
Productivité morphologique, représentativité et complexité de la base : le système MoQuête
Authors: Namer Fiammetta 
Published: November 2007

Fiammetta Namer : Morphologic productivity, representativity and base complexity: the MoQuête system
In this paper we propose to describe a corpus processor that can be used to prepare and create lexical databases for French, and whose exploitation is more particularly oriented towards morphological parsing. This processor, called MoQuête (Morphology & Queries), applies on a lexical database (LDB) whose realization is the results of the following steps: recover online corpora, tag them, lemmatize them, and submit them to derivational morphological parsing. Starting from the experiment described for dutch in (Krott & ah, 1999), we illustrate the MoQuête behavior with the presentation of a série of measures, performed from a 27 millions tokens LDB obtained from newspapers online corpora, and meant to evaluate the link between the quantitative morphologic productivity and the representativity of morphologic rules, in the frame of complex lexical units with a complex base.
Le passé simple subjectivisé
Authors: Nølke Henning , Olsen Michel 
Published: November 2007

Henning Nølke et Michel Olsen: The french passé simple subjectivized
Since Emile Benveniste, the French passé simple has largely been considered as a purely objective tense as opposed to the subjective imparfait. A study of literary examples reveals however that this form is likely to generate subjective interpretations in contexts where another mind (a guide person) is already present. A linguistic polyphonic description shows that this is what should be expected from this tense's linguistic properties. Our combined literary and linguistic analysis is outlined on a text from Madame Bovary.
Qui, que, quoi dans les dictionnaires français au tournant du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Wionet Chantal 
Published: November 2007

Chantai Wionet, « Qui, que, quoi in French dictionaries at the turn of the 18th century ».
The objective of this article is to offer a presentation of the articles QUI, QUE and QUOI in the Dictionnaire françois of Richelet (1680), the Dictionnaire Universel of Antoine Furetière (1690), and the Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (1694). In the second part of the paper, the author describes some grammatical lexical units (PARTICULE, PRONOM, POSSESSIF, RELATIF, etc.). This part focuses on the status of grammatical units in the dictionaries, and shows how the lexicographers' work is part of the "grammatisation" of the French language.
Prépositions et rôles
Authors: Rauh Gisa 
Published: November 2007

G. Rauh, Préposition et rôles : pointe de vue syntaxique et sémantique
The present article is concerned with a description of the relation between prepositions and thematic roles, a relation which has been described nonuniformly in the literature. It is claimed — and demonstrated — that the nonuniformity is due to the fact that on the one hand prepositions form a heterogeneous class, and on the other there are different views on thematic relations. It is finally argued that a unique definition of thematic roles as grammatical features with specific licensing effects provides a basis for an explicit description of prepositional variants, at the same time explaining the heterogeneity of the relation between prepositions and roles.
La mémoire linguistique de l'Europe
Authors: Weinrich Harald 
Published: November 2007

Harald Weinrich : The European Linguistic Memory
This text was first delivered and published as the opening lesson of Professor Weinrich's teaching at the College de France. It takes place in a global project of redefining certain aspects of contemporary linguistics — especially textual linguistics — from the viewpoint of memory. This contribution also outlines a cultural history of memory in Europe. Language sciences are conceived here as the meeting point of different disciplinary approaches of the question of memory.
Un débat sans mémoire : la querelle de l'orthographe en France (1893-1991)
Authors: Arrivé Michel 
Published: November 2007

Michel Arrive : A Controversy without Memory : the French Struggle over Spelling (1893-1991)
Michel Arrive 's article surveys over a hundred years various episodes of the French interminable feud over spelling reforms. It stresses the paradoxical nature of the controversy, as far as the question of collective memory is concerned : this debate about memory is a debate with no memory. And indeed the same antagonistic arguments are being used again and again over the years in a sort of endless repetition. This contribution shows how this attachment to spelling is an essential part of the French collective linguistic memory.