bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Stage Thoracolumbar Vertebrectomy With Circumferential Reconstruction And Arthrodesis: Surgical Technique And Results In 15 Patients
Authors: Snell Brian E. , Nasr Fadi F. , Wolfla Christopher E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjective:Circumferential reconstruction and arthrodesis can be necessary after thoracolumbar vertebrectomy. The authors describe a technique for single-stage tho-racolumbar vertebrectomy with circumferential reconstruction and arthrodesis. The surgical results using this technique are reviewed.Methods:Fifteen patients ranging from 14 to 75 years of age underwent single-stage thoracolumbar vertebrectomy with circumferential reconstruction and arthrodesis. The vertebrectomy was performed through a posterior midline approach. Anterior column reconstruction was performed with expandable or nonexpandable cages. Anterior and posterolateral arthrodeses used autograft. Posterior segmental instrumentation was used in all cases.Results:Fifteen procedures have been performed to date, 4 for tumor and 11 for fracture. The range of treated levels was T4 to L2 (7 thoracic spine and 8 lumbar spine levels). One patient was incomplete preoperatively (Frankel Grade C) and improved to being intact postoperatively (Frankel Grade E), another improved from Frankel Grade C to Frankel Grade D. All other patients were neurologically unchanged postopera-tively. Mean operative time was 4.0 hours. Average blood loss was 1100 ml. Average number of levels fused was 5.8 (range 4–9). There were four complications: one delayed transient neurological deficit after deformity correction, one infection, one postoperative myocardial infarction, and one hardware failure. All patients were treated and had a good recovery.Conclusion:The authors present a method for thoracolumbar vertebrectomy, circumferential reconstruction, and arthrodesis performed in a single stage, solely via a posterior approach. This is an alternative to anterior (i.e., thoracoabdominal and retroperitoneal) and lateral (i.e., lateral extracavitary) approaches that can be used for circumferential reconstruction and arthrodesis. Potential advantages and pitfalls are discussed.
Surgical Applications To Arteriovenous Malformations Involving The Brainstem
Authors: Nozaki Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Nobuo , Kikuta Ken-ichiro , Takagi Yasushi , Kikuchi Haruhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate possible applications of microsurgical extirpation to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the brainstem.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 25 patients with AVMs involving brainstems who were admitted to our institute from 1984 to 2004. We defined a brainstem AVM as an AVM in which some part was located within the brainstem. The main location of the nidus was classified into ventral midbrain (n = 3), dorsal midbrain (n = 10), pons (n = 5), cerebellopontine angle (n = 6), and medulla oblongata (n = 1). Bleeding risks from the AVMs were calculated, and applied treatment modalities, respectability, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
The annual bleeding and rebleeding risks of brainstem AVMs were 15.1 and 14.2%, respectively. Total resection was successfully performed in 0 out of 3, 6 out of 10,2 out of 5,6 out of 6, and 0 out of 1 in each of the groups, respectively. Stereotactic radiosurgery was applied as a main treatment modality in three patients (two ventral midbrain AVMs and one pontine AVM), and after microsurgery in one patient with a medulla oblongata AVM. Microsurgery-related permanent neurological complications were observed in five patients (one postoperative bleeding, one hemiparesis, three hearing deterioration, one abducens nerve palsy). During a follow-up period of 8 years (range, 8 mo-15 yr), one patient with an untreated pontine AVM died owing to hemorrhage and one patient with a subtotally resected dorsal midbrain AVM died owing to an unknown etiology 4 years later.

Conclusion:
Surgical resection can be applied with considerable, but acceptable, morbidity and mortality in some groups of brainstem AVMs with hemorrhagic presentation, particularly dorsal midbrain and cerebellopontine angle types, in which most parts of the nidus located sub- or extrapially.
One-Piece Versus Two-Piece Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy:Quantitative And Qualitative Considerations
Authors: Tanriover Necmettin , Ulm Arthur J. , Rhoton Albert L. , Kawashima Masatou , Yoshioka Nobutaka , Lewis Stephen B. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Objective:
The orbitozygomatic (OZ) craniotomy minimizes brain retraction and improves cranial base exposure by providing a multidirectional view, increased operative angles and working space. The two main variations of the approach include the one-piece and the two-piece types. The microsurgical anatomy of the one- and two-piece OZ craniotomies are presented with the goal of comparing the extent of orbital roof removal between these two craniotomies and the effect of orbital roof removal on operative exposure.

Methods:
Ten two-piece and 11 one-piece OZ craniotomies were performed in a stepwise manner simulating the approaches on formalin fixed specimens. The orbital surface area removed above the frontozygomatic suture extending medially over the orbital roof was measured from each bone flap. The two-sided unpaired t test using STATA 7.0 software was used to compare the amount of orbital roof removed using the two approaches.

Results:
The two-piece OZ craniotomy allowed for the removal of a larger portion of the roof and lateral wall of the orbitthan the one-piece. The total orbitotomy, including the orbital roof plus the part of the lateral wall above the frontozygomatic suture, had an average surface area of 996 ± 229 mm2 for the two piece and 372 ± 103 mm2 for the one-piece. The orbital roof made up 27 ± 18% of the orbital osteotomy for the one-piece craniotomies and 67 ± 10% of the osteotomy for the two-piece craniotomies (P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion:
The two-piece OZ craniotomy allows for more extensive orbital roof removal and better visualization of the basal frontal lobe. Therefore, the two-piece may result in a lower incidence of enophtalmus and poor cosmetic outcomes, particularly if the remaining orbital roof must be removed piecemeal during the one-piece OZ craniotomy in order to obtain satisfactory exposure.
Stereoselective Photochemical Cyclization of 3-O-Benzyl-6-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-xylo-hexofuranos-5-ulose Derivatives
Authors: Araki Younosuke , Arai Yoshifusa , Endo Tadatoshi , Ishido Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Photoirradiation of a solution of 3-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-xylo-hexofuranos-5-ulose in benzene for 92 h gave (6S)-3,6-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-c-methyl-6-c-phenyl-α-d-gluco- and -β-l-idofuranose in 54% and 11% yield, respectively. Related photocyclizations and solvent effects in the reactions were also described.
Periselectivities in Thermal Addition of Tropone to Allenic Esters
Authors: Gandhi R P , Ishar M P S 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Unlike the reactions of tropone with tetraethylallenetetracarboxylic ester and phenylsulphonylpropa-1,2-diene reported in the literature (which yield 2+8 cycloadducts), thermal additions involving tropone and ethyl penta-2,3-dienoate, ethyl hexa-2,3-dienoate and ethyl 4-methylhexa-2,3-dienoate occur predominantly in a 2+4 manner. The reactions are of mechanistic significance.
Two Modifications of Bridged Oxygen Atom in Binuclear Iron(III) Complexes with N-Alkyl-N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine
Authors: Nishida Yuzo , Haga Sachiko , Tokii Tadashi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
From the reaction mixture of [Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]Cl and N-alkyl(R)-N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine, (μ-oxo)bis(μ-acetato)diiron(III) complexes were prepared for R = ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and benzyl. On the other hand, (μ-hydroxo)bis(μ-acetato) structure was inferred for the complexes with R = –CH2CH2OH based on the magnetic and spectroscopic results.
Structural Dependence on Photoaddition of Methanol to Arylalkenes. Solvent and Additive Effects on Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction
Authors: Mizuno Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Isao , Ichinose Nobuyuki , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA)-sensitized photoaddition of methanol to arylalkenes occurred both in benzene and acetonitrile to give the corresponding anti-Markownikoff type adducts. The efficiency of the photoreaction depended on the solvents and the structures of the substrates. The geminate radical ion pair in benzene and the solvent separated radical cation in acetonitrile were proposed as key intermediates. The stereochemical feature of the photoaddition of methanol to 1,2-dihydro-4-phenylnaphthalene was also described.
Transient Spectroscopy of the Redox Reactions of the Prussian Blue Membrane Having Electronic State Gradient
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Lin Ru-Jang , Kaneko Masao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The transient spectroscopic studies were carried out on a Prussian Blue (PB) membrane coated on an ITO electrode (5 cm × 1 cm), on which an electronic state gradient was realized. An isosbestic point was clearly observed in the trasient spectral changes when the PB was oxidized upon application of a potential from open-circuit to 1.5 V difference between the membrane terminals. The transient spectra observed on stepping back to open circuit showed three isosbestic points from the entirely oxidized state to the reduced states, to which a new electron transfer process is proposed.
CO and H2 Sensing Properties of Proton-Conductor Sensor Using Pt-Loaded Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Miura Norio , Kanamaru Kuniaki , Shimizu Youichi , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An amperometric proton-conductor sensor was newly developed for the selective detection of CO at room temperature by using a couple of Pt-loaded oxide (SnO2 and WO3) electrodes. The CO sensitivity of the sensor element was about 7 times higher than the H2 sensitivity and the 90% response time was about 3 min. The selective detection of H2 was possible when a Pt-black electrode was combined with a Pt-loaded WO3 electrode.
Kinetic Resolution of Enol Esters via Enzyme-Mediated Hydrolysis
Authors: Matsumoto Kazutsugu , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new type of enzyme-mediated kinetic resolution has been developed. Enol esters, such as dl-3-acetoxy-1-p-methoxy-benzyloxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3-pentene, were hydrolyzed by incubation with Bacillus coagulans to afford optically pure enol esters, and the corresponding α-substituted ketones.
Intramolecular Reaction of Electrogenerated Phenoxy Cations with an Olefinic Side Chain
Authors: Shizuri Yoshikazu , Ohkubo Mitsuru , Yamamura Shosuke 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Some phenols with an olefinic double bond at the side chain have been subjected to anodic oxidation under various conditions to afford tricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undec-9-en-8,11-diones and two different spiro compounds, precursors of bioactive natural products.
Synthesis of C19–C27 Fragment of Ansa Chain Part of Rifamycin S
Authors: Katsuki Tsutomu , Hanamoto Takeshi , Yamaguchi Masaru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The C19–C27 fragment of the ansa chain part of rifamycin S was stereoselectively synthesized from (4Z)-1,2-epoxy-3-methyl-4-hexene by reiterative use of stereoselective epoxidation of cis-homoallylic alcohol and regioselective opening of the resulting epoxy alcohol as key steps.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of a New Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complex, Di-μ-sulfoacetato-bis[(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane]platinum(II)
Authors: Okude Kojiro , Ichida Hikaru , Miyamoto T Ken , Sasaki Yukiyoshi , Tashiro Tazuko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Di-μ-sulfoacetato-bis[(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane]platinum(II), [Pt(C6N2H14)]2(CO2CH2SO3)2, has been synthesized. The complex has a di-μ-carboxo bridged dinuclear structure and shows significant antitumor activity against mice leukemia L1210.
An Efficient Synthesis of 4-Deoxy-4-(hydroxyphosphinyl)-d-ribofuranoses. The First d-Ribofuranose Analogues Having Hydroxyphosphinyl Group in the Hemiacetal Ring
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Hanaya Tadashi , Kawamoto Heizan , Inokawa Saburo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-d-ribopyranoside was converted (in 4 steps) into methyl 4-deoxy-4-[(dimethoxy)phosphinyl]-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-d-ribopyranoside (10a, 30% overall yield). The title compounds were readily derived from 10a and characterized as the 4-deoxy-4-(methoxyphosphinyl) tetraacetates.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Hydrocarbons. A Novel Synthetic Route to α-Keto Amides via C–H Activation
Authors: Ozawa Fumiyuki , Yamagami Isao , Nakano Masataka , Fujisawa Fuminari , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Aromatic aldehydes (ArCHO: quinoline-8-carbaldehyde and o-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde) react with tertachloropalladate(II) through a C–H activation reaction to give the corresponding aroylpalladium complexes, which afford α-keto amides () in high yields upon carbonylation with piperidine. Attempts for double carbonylation through orthopalladation reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons are also reported.
Cubane-Type Molybdenum Aqua Ions. Preparation and Structures of [Mo4(μ3-O)(μ3-S)3(H2O)12]5+ and [Mo4(μ3-S)4(H2O)12]5+
Authors: Akashi Haruo , Shibahara Takashi , Narahara Taeko , Tsuru Hiroaki , Kuroya Hisao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Two cubane-type molybdenum aqua compounds, [Mo4OS3(H2O)12](CH3·C6H4·SO3)5·14H2O and [Mo4OS4(H2O)12](CH3·C6H4·SO3)5·14H2O have been prepared, and characterized by X-ray crystallography, electronic spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Their reduced species, [Mo4OS3(H2O)12]4+ and [Mo4S4(H2O)12]4+, have also been characterized.
A Simple Synthetic Method of [2.2]Cyclophanes by Lanthanoid-Mediated Coupling of Bis(bromomethyl)benzenes
Authors: Takahashi Senji , Mori Nobuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The coupling of bis(bromomethyl)benzenes with iodized samarium, cerium or Misch metal gives [2.2]cyclophanes in satisfactory yields in a short time.
Asymmetric Aldol-type Reaction between Both Achiral Ketene Silyl Acetals and Aldehydes by the Use of a Chiral Promoter
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Sano Tetsuya , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Highly enantioselective aldol-type reaction of achiral ketene silyl acetals with achiral aldehydes is carried out by the use of a chiral promoter, a combined use of chiral diamine coordinated tin(II) triflate and tributyltin fluoride.
A Novel Mode of Specific Interaction between CuCl2 and D-Fructose in Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Water Systems
Authors: Araki Koji , Shiraishi Shinsaku 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The interaction of CuCl2 with D-fructose in a dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide(DMSO)-D2O mixture showed a large solvent effect with CuCl2 being found to interact specifically with the C4 and C5 hydroxyl groups of β-pyranose when the DMSO content was higher than 75% in the mixture.
Structure and Bonding of Two Modifications of CsSnI3 by Means of Powder X-Ray Diffraction, 127I NQR, and DTA
Authors: Yamada Koji , Tsuritani Tomoko , Okuda Tsutomu , Ichiba Sumio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A first-order phase transition accompanied by a color change from green to black was observed for CsSnI3 at about 425 K. These two modifications showed quite different 127I NQR spectra suggesting drastic structural change. High temperature modification has a perovskite structure with semi-metallic electric conductivity. The anion structure and bonding for the two modifications have been discussed on the basis of 127I NQR and X-ray diffraction data.
Crystal Structure of a 1:1 Inclusion Complex of (R,R)-(−)-1,6-Bis(o-chlorophenyl)-1,6-diphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol and (−)-(Z)-Benzylidene-2-(3-methylbutyl)azane Oxide
Authors: Toda Fumio , Tanaka Koichi , Mak Thomas C W 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Crystal structure analysis of the title complex establishes the chirality of the (−)-(Z)-nitrone and the path of its photocylization to the corresponding optically active oxaziridine.
Determination of Catecholamines by an Electrochemical Flow-Through Detector with Indium–Tin Oxide Microelectrode Arrays Coated with Nafion
Authors: Matsue Tomokazu , Aoki Atsushi , Abe Takayuki , Uchida Isamu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An electrochemical flow-through detector with indium–tin oxide interdigitated microelectrode arrays was used for the determination of catecholamines. This detector showed amplification of the current signals by redox cycling. The undesired response due to ascorbic acid can be eliminated by coating the electrode surface with Nafion.
Synthesis of β-Lactams from Novel Stannous Enolates and Imines
Authors: Sugano Yuichi , Naruto Shunji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
From the oxygen esters containing sulfur α-substituent, corresponding stannous enolates were prepared by the use of stannous trifluoromethanesulfonate. The enolates reacted with various imines to provide β-lactams.
Synthesis of 1,4-Thiazepine Derivatives Having Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Property
Authors: Yanagisawa Hiroaki , Ishihara Sadao , Ando Akiko , Kanazaki Takuro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reduction of (6R)-6-amino-6,7-dihydro-2-thienyl-1,4-thiazepin-5(4H)-one derivatives with Mg–MeOH gave the corresponding perhydrothiazepinones. Protection with trityl group at the 6-amino group gave predominantly the 2S,6R isomer which was converted to the potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The ACE inhibitor having the 6,7-dihydro-l,4-thiazepin-5(4H)-one ring was also prepared.
Liquid Phase Methanol Synthesis on Cu–Zn Ultrafine Particles Prepared by Chemical Deposition in Liquid Phase
Authors: Itoh Hiroyuki , Saito Toshiya , Shibue Toshimichi , Kikuchi Eiichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Liquid phase methanol synthesis was investigated over ultrafine particle (UFP) catalysts prepared by chemical deposition in liquid phase. The UFP prepared by reduction of Cu and Zn acetylacetonates by LiAlH4 in THF solution showed a very high methanol productivity which is greater than twice that of a Cu–Zn–Al coprecipitated oxide catalyst.
Stereoselective 1,2-cis Glycosylation Reaction of 1-O-Acetylribose with Silylated Nucleophiles by the Promotion of a New Catalyst System
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Shimpuku Tetsuro , Takashima Tohru , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
1,2-cis-Ribofuranosides are stereoselectively prepared in high yields by the reaction of 1-O-acetyl-β-d-ribose with silylated nucleophiles by the promotion of a new catalyst system, the combined use of a catalytic amount of tin(IV) chloride and tin(II) triflate with a stoichiometric amount of lithium perchlorate.
Dehydrogenation of Alkylamines on Acid-Base Hybrid Catalyst
Authors: Xu Bo-Qing , Yamaguchi Tsutomu , Tanabe Kozo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A peparation of hybrid catalysts of SiO2·Al2O3–MgO (SA/MgO) and silanized MgO (SiOx/MgO) was attempted for the purpose of obtaining a new category of the acid-base bifunctional catalyst. The resultant catalyst was applied to the catalytic decomposition of alkylamines to yield acetonitrile via a dealkylation–dehydrogenation reaction.
Catalytic Evidence of Formation of Water-Induced Silicomolybdic Acid on a MoO3/SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Ogata Atsushi , Kazusaka Akio , Yamazaki Akiko , Enyo Michio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The formation of silicomolybdic acid induced by the preadsorbed or catalytically formed water on MoO3/SiO2 was evidenced by typical heteropoly acid catalysed reactions, isomerization of 1-butene or dehydration of 2-propanol.
Photoreduction of Hydroxo(tetramesitylporphinato)iron(III) in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Concurrent Generation of Hydroxyl Radical
Authors: Tohara Akira , Sato Mitsuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Hydroxo(tetramesitylporphinato)iron(III) in degassed benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene is confirmed to be reduced to the four coordinate ferrous complex upon irradiation with light λ &gt; 300 nm. Production of diphenyl and solvent dependence of photoreduction rates support the concurrent generation of hydroxyl radical along with the ferrous complex production.
Isotopic Studies on Oxidative Methane Coupling over Samarium Oxide
Authors: Otsuka Kiyoshi , Inaida Masakatsu , Wada Yuji , Komatsu Takayuki , Morikawa Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The evident kinetic isotope effect was observed for the formations of ethylene and ethane through the oxidative coupling of methane on Sm2O3, when CH4 and CD4 were used as the reactants. Ethanes formed in the reaction of a mixture of CH4, CD4, and O2 were C2H6, C2H3D3, and C2D6 as major products. These results indicate that the rate-determining step of the reaction is abstraction of hydrogen from methane and that ethane is formed through the coupling of methyl intermediate.
Solvent Extraction of Copper(II) Ion with p-t-Butylcalix[6]arene from the Ammonia Alkaline Solution
Authors: Yoshida Isao , Fujii Shigehiro , Ueno Keihei , Shinkai Seiji , Matsuda Tsutomu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
It was found that p-t-butylcalix[6]arene(tb-calix[6], H2L) in the organic solvents such as chloroform or benzene can extract copper(II) ion from the ammonia alkaline solution. The results from extraction study suggested the formation of the 1:1 copper(II) to tb-calix[6] complex as the extracted species.
Photoinduced Direct Synthesis of Formic Acid and Methyl Formate from Methanol in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Shimizu Yuichi , Sugimoto Shun’ichi , Kawanishi Shunichi , Suzuki Nobutake 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Formic acid and methyl formate were directly synthesized by UV irradiation of the oxygen-saturated methanol containing hydrogen peroxide. The formations of formic acid and methyl formate were affected by H2O2 feeding rate. The combined selectivity of formic acid and methyl formate formations was 99%.
Synthesis of Clavulone Derivatives. Selective Cleavage of Ester Bonds in Clavulone
Authors: Iguchi Kazuo , Kaneta Soichiro , Nagaoka Hiroto , Yamada Yasuji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The clavulone derivatives (1-O-demethylclavulone II and 4-O-deacetylclavulone II) were synthesized from clavulone II (1) by selective enzymatic hydrolysis of 1 using porcin liver esterase (PLE) and orange peel acetylesterase, respectively. The derivative (12-O-deacetylclavulone II) was synthesized by organocuprate reduction of 10,11-epoxyclavulone II which was prepared from 1.
Iron(II) Complex with 1,3-Bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thiapropane as a Model Compound for Lipoxygenase
Authors: Nishida Yuzo , Haga Sachiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Iron(II) complex with 1,3-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-2-thiapropane is stable in air in both the solid and the solution states. This complex is oxidized to Fe(III) state by 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid, and the Fe(III) species is readily reduced to Fe(II) state by phenidone. This suggests the presence of thioether group in the coordination sphere of native lipoxygenase.
Selectivities of α-Halosulfinyl Carbanions towards Enones
Authors: Mahidol Chulabhorn , Reutrakul Vichai , Panyachotipun Chitchanun , Turongsomboon Gunniga , Prapansiri Vichukorn , Bandara B M R 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reactions of lithio α-chloromethyl and α,α-dichloromethyl phenyl sulfoxides with enones gave 1,2 and 1,4 adducts respectively. The reaction of the latter carbanion with enones provides a useful synthesis of novel substituted cyclopropanes.
Spin Trapping Studies of Peroxyl Radicals. Detection of the Reactive Intermediates for Oxidation Generated from O2−• and Sulfonyl, Sulfinyl, and Phosphoryl Chlorides
Authors: Kim Yong Hae , Lim Sang Chul , Hoshino Mikio , Ohtsuka Yasuo , Ohishi Takeshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The spin trapping studies by ESR have demonstrated that O2−• efficiently reacts with 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 2-nitrobenzenesulfinyl chloride, and diphenylphosphoryl chloride, to result in the formation of their peroxyl radicals, some of which have been key intermediates for site-selective oxidation of certain organic molecules and argued whether they exist as anion and/or radical form.