bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of HER2/HER3 Signaling Axis in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Lin Jiun-Han , Tsai Ching-Hwa , Chu Jan-Show , Chen Jeou-Yuan , Takada Kenzo , Shew Jin-Yuh 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThe role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer has been of long-standing interest to the field. Breast epithelial cells can be infected by EBV through direct contact with EBV-bearing lymphoblastoid cells, and EBV infection has recently been shown to confer breast cancer cells an increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we established EBV-infected breast cancer MCF7 and BT474 cells and demonstrated that EBV infection promotes tumorigenic activity of breast cancer cells. Firstly, we showed that the EBV-infected MCF7-A and BT474-A cells exhibited increased anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. The increased colony formation capacity in soft agar was associated with increased expression and activation of HER2/HER3 signaling cascades, as evidenced by the findings that the treatment of HER2 antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, or MEK inhibitor completely abolished the tumorigenic capacity. In the EBV-infected breast cancer cells, the expression of EBV latency genes includingEBNA1,EBER1, andBARF0was detected. We next showed that BARF0 alone was sufficient to efficiently up-regulate HER2/HER3 expression and promoted tumorigenic activity in MCF7 and BT474 cells by the use of both overexpression and small interfering RNA knock-down. Collectively, we demonstrated that EBV-encoded BARF0 promotes the tumorigenic activity of breast cancer cells through activation of HER2/HER3 signaling cascades.
Unique Pathology in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rapid Progressor Macaques Is Consistent with a Pathogenesis Distinct from That of Classical AIDS
Authors: Brown Charles R. , Czapiga Meggan , Kabat Juraj , Dang Que , Ourmanov Ilnour , Nishimura Yoshiaki , Martin Malcolm A. , Hirsch Vanessa M. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of humans result in variable but generally fatal disease outcomes. Most SIV-infected macaques progress to AIDS over a period of 1 to 3 years, in the face of robust SIV-specific immune responses (conventional progressors [CP]). A small number of SIV-inoculated macaques mount transient immune responses and progress rapidly to AIDS (rapid progressors [RP]). We speculated that the underlying pathogenic mechanisms may differ between RP and CP macaques. We compared the pathological lesions, virus loads, and distribution of virus and target cells in SIVsmE660- or SIVsmE543-infected RP and CP rhesus macaques at terminal disease. RP macaques developed a wasting syndrome characterized by severe SIV enteropathy in the absence of opportunistic infections. In contrast, opportunistic infections were commonly observed in CP macaques. RP and CP macaques showed distinct patterns of CD4
+
T-cell depletion, with a selective loss of memory cells in RP macaques and a generalized (naive and memory) CD4 depletion in CP macaques. In situ hybridization demonstrated higher levels of virus expression in lymphoid tissues (
P
< 0.001) of RP macaques and a broader distribution to include many nonlymphoid tissues. Finally, SIV was preferentially expressed in macrophages in RP macaques whereas the primary target cells in CP macaques were T lymphocytes at end stage disease. These data suggest distinct pathogenic mechanisms leading to the deaths of these two groups of animals, with CP macaques being more representative of HIV-induced AIDS in humans.
Host Transcription Profiles upon Primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Janssen Riny , Pennings Jeroen , Hodemaekers Hennie , Buisman Annemarie , van Oosten Marijke , de Rond Lia , Öztürk Kemal , Dormans Jan , Kimman Tjeerd , Hoebee Barbara 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in children. Severe RSV disease is related to an inappropriate immune response to RSV resulting in enhanced lung pathology which is influenced by host genetic factors. To gain insight into the early pathways of the pathogenesis of and immune response to RSV infection, we determined the transcription profiles of lungs and lymph nodes on days 1 and 3 after infection of mice. Primary RSV infection resulted in a rapid but transient innate, proinflammatory response, as exemplified by the induction of a large number of type I interferon-regulated genes and chemokine genes, genes involved in inflammation, and genes involved in antigen processing. Interestingly, this response is much stronger on day 1 than on day 3 after infection, indicating that the strong transcriptional response in the lung precedes the peak of viral replication. Surprisingly, the set of down-regulated genes was small and none of these genes displayed strong down-regulation. Responses in the lung-draining lymph nodes were much less prominent than lung responses and are suggestive of NK cell activation. Our data indicate that at time points prior to the peak of viral replication and influx of inflammatory cells, the local lung response, measured at the transcriptional level, has already dampened down. The processes and pathways induced shortly after RSV infection can now be used for the selection of candidate genes for human genetic studies of children with severe RSV infection.
The Autoregulatory and Transactivating Functions of the Human Cytomegalovirus IE86 Protein Use Independent Mechanisms for Promoter Binding
Authors: Petrik Dustin T. , Schmitt Kimberly P. , Stinski Mark F. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

The functions of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE86 protein are paradoxical, as it can both activate and repress viral gene expression through interaction with the promoter region. Although the mechanism for these functions is not clearly defined, it appears that a combination of direct DNA binding and protein-protein interactions is involved. Multiple sequence alignment of several HCMV IE86 homologs reveals that the amino acids
534
LPIYE
538
are conserved between all primate and nonprimate CMVs. In the context of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), mutation of both P535 and Y537 to alanines (P535A/Y537A) results in a nonviable BAC. The defective HCMV BAC does not undergo DNA replication, although the P535A/Y537A mutant IE86 protein appears to be stably expressed. The P535A/Y537A mutant IE86 protein is able to negatively autoregulate transcription from the major immediate-early (MIE) promoter and was recruited to the MIE promoter in a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. However, the P535A/Y537A mutant IE86 protein was unable to transactivate early viral genes and was not recruited to the early viral UL4 and UL112 promoters in a ChIP assay. From these data, we conclude that the transactivation and repressive functions of the HCMV IE86 protein can be separated and must occur through independent mechanisms.
Sequential Autoprocessing of Marek's Disease Herpesvirus Protease Differs from That of Other Herpesviruses
Authors: Laurent S. , Blondeau C. , Belghazi M. , Remy S. , Esnault E. , Rasschaert P. , Rasschaert D. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

Herpesviruses encode a unique serine protease essential for viral capsid maturation. This protease undergoes autoprocessing at two sites, R and M, at the consensus sequence (V, L, I)
P3
-X
P2
-A
P1
/S
P1′
(where X is a polar amino acid). We observed complete autoprocessing at the R and M sites of Marek's disease virus (MDV) protease following production of the polyprotein in
Escherichia coli
. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the predicted sequence of the R and M sites, with the M site sequence being nonconsensual: M
P3
-N
P2
-A
P1
/S
P1′
. Mutagenesis and expression kinetics studies suggested that the atypical MDV M site was cleaved exclusively by the processed short protease, a feature making MDV unique among herpesviruses.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Langerhans Cell Precursors as a Mechanism of Oral Epithelial Entry, Persistence, and Reactivation
Authors: Walling Dennis M. , Ray Autumn J. , Nichols Joan E. , Flaitz Catherine M. , Nichols C. Mark 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus associated with many malignant and nonmalignant human diseases. Life-long latent EBV persistence occurs in blood-borne B lymphocytes, while EBV intermittently productively replicates in mucosal epithelia. Although several models have previously been proposed, the mechanism of EBV transition between these two reservoirs of infection has not been determined. In this study, we present the first evidence demonstrating that EBV latently infects a unique subset of blood-borne mononuclear cells that are direct precursors to Langerhans cells and that EBV both latently and productively infects oral epithelium-resident cells that are likely Langerhans cells. These data form the basis of a proposed new model of EBV transition from blood to oral epithelium in which EBV-infected Langerhans cell precursors serve to transport EBV to the oral epithelium as they migrate and differentiate into oral Langerhans cells. This new model contributes fresh insight into the natural history of EBV infection and the pathogenesis of EBV-associated epithelial disease.
Random Screening for Dominant-Negative Mutants of the Cytomegalovirus Nuclear Egress Protein M50
Authors: Rupp Brigitte , Ruzsics Zsolt , Buser Christopher , Adler Barbara , Walther Paul , Koszinowski Ulrich H. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Inactivation of gene products by dominant-negative (DN) mutants is a powerful tool to assign functions to proteins. Here, we present a two-step procedure to establish a random screen for DN alleles, using the essential murine cytomegalovirus gene M50 as an example. First, loss-of-function mutants from a linker-scanning library were tested for inhibition of virus reconstitution with the help of FLP-mediated ectopic insertion of the mutants into the viral genome. Second, DN candidates were confirmed by conditional expression of the inhibitory proteins in the virus context. This allowed the quantification of the inhibitory effect, the identification of the morphogenesis block, and the construction of DN mutants with improved activity. Based on these observations a DN mutant of the homologous gene (UL50) in human cytomegalovirus was predicted and constructed. Our data suggest that a proline-rich sequence motif in the variable region of M50/UL50 represents a new functional site which is essential for nuclear egress of cytomegalovirus capsids.
Lanthanide Complex Strategy for Detection and Separation of Histidine-tagged Proteins
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi , Yano Keiko , Ishida Akito , Shinoda Satoshi 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of trivalent lanthanide complexes were immobilized on SPR sensory chips and protein separation membranes. They worked as alternatives to transition-metal complexes in detection and separation of histidine-tagged ubiquitin protein. Since the highly coordinated complex between NTA ligand, Eu3+ center, and hexahistidine moiety exhibited the enhanced luminescence, the present system provides a further possibility for use in in-situ optical protein imaging process.
Electrophile-triggered Assembly of Metal Enamides and Allyl Grignard Reagent in One Pot. Novel Nucleophilic Double Allylation of Azadienes
Authors: Urabe Hirokazu , Shikanai Daisuke , Arayama Kyohei , Sato Takayuki , Tanaka Ryoichi 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
When an electrophile (H+ or an alkyl halide) was added to a mixture of 1-aryl-2-aza-1,3-butadiene and allyl Grignard reagent, selective assembly of the azadiene, nucleophiles, and an electrophile took place to give α,α′-diallylated amine in one pot.
Systemtheorie und Strafrecht: Kritik der rollenbezogenen Zurechnungslehre
Authors: Sacher Mariana 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

I. Die aufgesplitterte „Lehre“ von der objektiven Zurechnung

Die Lehre von der objektiven Zurechnung unter dem unrechtsbezogenen Aspekt der Schaffung von Freiheitsräumen erfährt heutzutage so unterschiedliche Ausgestaltungen vor allem aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Basiskonzepte des Strafrechts, dass die Bezeichnung als Lehre nur durch die noch gemeinsame Idee eines tatbestandlichen strafrechtsfreien Raums bestehen bleibt. Die Entwicklung der Zurechnungslehre von Günther Jakobs hat vor allem dazu beigetragen, dass sich die Begründungswege und die Zurechnungsstrukturen voneinander wesentlich entfernt haben. Dies erfolgte vor allem durch die in der letzten Zeit vollzogene Wandlung von Jakobs bei der Begründung des Strafrechtsfundaments, was natürlich auch im Unrechtsbereich Folgen zeitigte.
Wirtschaftsstrafrecht: – Bank- und Kapitalmarktstrafrecht sowie Insolvenzstrafrecht –
Authors: Wohlers Wolfgang , Kudlich Hans 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seit der Publikation des letzten von Harro Otto und Klaus Tiedemann erstellten Literaturberichts zum Wirtschaftsstrafrecht sind sechs Jahre verstrichen. Das Bestreben, die in diesem Zeitraum publizierte wirtschaftsstrafrechtliche Literatur möglichst umfänglich zu berücksichtigen, macht es erforderlich, den Literaturbericht in mehreren, thematisch differenzierten Teilen zu erstellen, wobei der hier vorliegende erste Teil die Gebiete des Bank- und Kapitalmarktstrafrechts sowie des Insolvenzstrafrechts abdeckt. Angesichts der Fülle der Publikationen haben wir uns auf die Darstellung des einschlägigen monographischen Schrifttums beschränkt, während die – entweder bereits gut eingeführten und/oder anderweitig rezensierten – Lehr- und Handbücher bewusst ausgespart bleiben. Ziel des Literaturberichts ist es also, die sich im monographischen Schrifttum abbildende Diskussion wirtschaftsstrafrechtlicher Problemstellungen nachzuzeichnen.
Strafrechtliche Sanktionen und ihre Reform in England und Wales
Authors: Wischmeyer Thomas 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

I. Einleitung

Ein zwiespältiges Gefühl bestimmt die Annäherung an das englische Sanktionenrecht. Fortschrittlich erscheint, dass vieles, was in deutschen Reformdebatten erst am Horizont aufscheint, in England schon lange praktiziert wird. Die konkrete Umsetzung erzeugt aber oft ein Unbehagen beim Betrachter, das manchmal an Anthony Burgess' Roman „Clockwork Orange“ erinnert. Diese Mischung aus Progressivität und Problematik macht das englische Modell gerade vor dem Hintergrund deutscher Reformdiskussionen und europäischer Vereinheitlichungsbemühungen besonders attraktiv.
Diurnal and nocturnal nursing behavior in the OLETF rat
Authors: Schroeder Mariana , Lavi‐Avnon Yael , Dagan Michal , Zagoory‐Sharon Orna , Weller Aron , Moran Timothy H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of obesity has been recently found to develop hyperphagia and obesity early in life. Our goal was to investigate the dams' nursing behavior during the day and the night in order to elucidate their contribution to the pre‐obesity of the pups. We examined nursing bout number, length, posture, initiative, nursing total time and frequency of other maternal behaviors over the three postpartum (PP) weeks. In the first week, OLETF dams nursed more during the day and presented more self‐directed activities during the night. In the third PP week, OLETF dams displayed increased nursing time, bout number, nursing frequency, and supine postures at the beginning of the nursing episodes and less active self‐directed behaviors, both day and night, while OLETF pups displayed more initiative in starting nursing bouts. The results suggest a circadian difference in nursing behavior and self‐directed activities between the strains on PP week 1 and a strong influence of the OLETF pups on the nursing behavior of the dam on PP week 3, which contributes to their obese features. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 323–333, 2007.
Shear wave velocity measurement during a standard penetration test
Authors: Ohta Yutaka , Goto Noritoshi , Kagami Hiroshi , Shiono Keishi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to develop a technique to measure shear wave velocity simultaneously with the standard penetration test popular in soil engineering. In the standard penetration test an impact at the bottom of a borehole is produced by weight dropping and may be expected to generate seismic waves. A three‐component geophone was set on the ground surface near the borehole and the waves generated were recorded with a magnetic recorder at successive depths of the penetration test. The predominance of the SV wave obtained with this simple method was assured by measurement of the particle orbit. Signal amplitudes decrease with depth and become less than the noise level at a certain depth. Therefore records from deeper sources must be processed to disclose the shear waves. Since waveforms of SV events generated by blows of the penetration test at a given depth are very similar, the signal to noise ratio would be expected to be improved by a stack of wave trains. A paste‐up of the radial component after stacking was compared with that before stacking and a refinement was clearly recognized.A vertical distribution of shear wave velocity was obtained by reading the onset time at each depth. Shear wave velocities thus obtained were compared with N values from the standard penetration test and specific resistivities from electrical logging in the same borehole. The data were mutually consistent.This experiment showed that a convenient, precise shear wave velocity measurement can be conducted during the routine work of a standard penetration test.
Seismic response analysis of above‐ground pipelines
Authors: Powell Graham H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA procedure for computing the seismic response of above‐ground, cross‐country pipelines is described. The procedure accounts for the effects of initial static loads, slipping of the pipe on its supports and out‐of‐phase ground motions at different points along the pipe. The idealization, assumptions and theory are described, and an example illustrating the influence of several parameters on the response is presented.
Climatological screening of climate model output with observations for Korean water resources applications
Authors: Bae Deg‐Hyo , Georgakakos Konstantine P. , Kwon Won‐Tae 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study focuses on the characteristic features of the surface hydroclimatology of seven watersheds on the South Korean Peninsula and the degree to which four modern‐day climate models represent it at nodal and watershed scales. Long‐term means and standard deviations of watershed mean areal precipitation and surface air temperature, and watershed‐outlet discharge are computed for each month of the year using daily observed data (1979–2002) aggregated to monthly averages. Cumulative frequency distributions of standardized anomalies by season and watershed characterize hydroclimatic variability. The results show that the surface climate variables examined exhibit strong seasonal cycles (monsoonal behavior) with substantial differences in mean and variability across watersheds and seasons. Single simulations from two high resolution (200 × 200 km2) and 10‐member ensemble simulations from two coarser resolution (280 × 280 km2 and 400 × 500 km2) models are also used to produce model hydroclimatologies of long‐term monthly means, standard deviations, and seasonal cumulative frequency distributions of standardized anomalies for nodes on and around the South Korean Peninsula. The models differ in physical and numerical formulations and some utilize observed and others utilize persisted sea surface temperature forcing. A comparison of the unadjusted model‐produced and observed hydroclimatology on peninsular scales showed that several models skillfully reproduce features of the hydroclimatology for certain seasons, but with substantial deficiencies in other features shown as well. The results of this paper form a basis for the judicious use of climate model simulations for developing hydroclimatology for means and variability of surface watershed variables for water resources planning in the South Korean Peninsula. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Impact of asthma education received from health care providers on parental illness representation in childhood asthma
Authors: Peterson‐Sweeney Kathleen , McMullen Ann , Yoos H. Lorrie , Kitzmann Harriet , Halterman Jill S. , Arcoleo Kimberly Sidora , Anson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe burden of asthma has increased dramatically despite increased understanding of asthma and new medication regimens. Data reported here are part of a larger study investigating factors that influence parental asthma illness representation and the impact of this representation on treatment outcomes, including the parent/health care provider relationship. We investigated the influence of asthma related education provided by health care providers on these outcomes. After interviewing 228 parents of children with asthma, we found that asthma education received from the child's health care providers positively influenced parental belief systems, especially attitudes towards anti‐inflammatory medications and facts about asthma. Parents who reported receiving more education also reported stronger partnerships with their child's health care provider. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 203–212, 2007
Molecular prenatal diagnosis for hereditary distal arthrogryposis type 2B
Authors: Jiang Miao , Bian Chaoying , Li Xuefu , Man Xiaohui , Ge Wang , Han Weitian , Bao Haixia , Li Yunqing , Yi Dongxu , Guan Yanmin , Li Jianxin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAutosomal dominant distal arthrogryposes (DAs) are a group of muscle diseases characterized by congenital contractures of the limbs. Currently, prenatal diagnosis of DAs depends upon ultrasound examination during late gestation. Recently, five genes encoding fast switch proteins located at 9p13.2, 11p15.5 and 17q13.1 were identified. These included TPM2, TNNI2/TNNT3, and MYH3/MYH8. Last year, we discovered a novel heterozygous mutation c.523_525delAAG (p.K175del) in the TNNI2 gene, which encodes the isoform of troponinI, in a seven‐generation Chinese family affected with distal arthrogryposis type 2B (DA2B). Here, we report the molecular prenatal diagnosis of 3 high‐risk fetuses of two women in the family by two‐point linkage inferential analysis and deletion detection of the TNNI2 gene with chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. To our knowledge, this is the first description of molecular prenatal diagnosis for DAs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of a ring chromosome 15 in a fetus with intra uterine growth retardation and diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Hatem Elghezal , Meriam Ben Rekaya , Walid Denguezli , Adenen Moussa , Moez Gribaa , Ali Saad 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo improve the phenotype‐genotype correlation in terminal 15q deletions and ring chromosome 15 syndrome.MethodsEchographic examination of fetus. R‐banded chromosome and FISH analysis on cultured amniocytes. Microsatellite analysis to determine parental origin of the ring chromosome 15. Fetal autopsy.ResultsWe report a new case of prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and intrauterine growth retardation in a fetus with ring chromosome 15 involving 15q26.1‐qter deletion.ConclusionThis case support the evidence that the region 15q26.3 is implicated in intrauterine growth retardation and suggests that the 15q critical region implicated in congenital diaphragmatic hernia is localized in 15q26.1–q26.2. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.