bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Sulfur Containing Amino Acids at Renewable Ni‐Powder Doped Carbon Ceramic Electrode: Application to Amperometric Detection L‐Cystine, L‐Cysteine and L‐Methionine
Authors: Salimi Abdollah , Roushani Mahmoud 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA sol‐gel technique was used here to prepare a renewable carbon ceramic electrode modified with nickel powder. Cyclic voltammograms of the resulting modified electrode show stable and a well defined redox couple due to Ni(II)/Ni(III) system with surface confined characteristics. The modified electrode shows excellent catalytic activity toward L‐cystine, L‐cysteine and L‐methionine oxidation at reduced overpotential in alkaline solutions. In addition the antifouling properties at the modified electrode toward the above analytes and their oxidation products increases the reproducibility of results. L‐cystine, L‐cysteine and L‐methionine were determined chronoamperometricaly at the surface of this modified electrode at pH range 9–13. Under the optimized conditions the calibration curves are linear in the concentration range 1–450 μM, 2–90 μM and 0.2–75 μM for L‐cystine, L‐methionine and L‐cysteine determination, respectively. The detection limit and sensitivity were 0.64 μM, 3.8 nA/ μM for L‐cystine, 2 μM, 5.6 nA/ μM for L‐methionine and 0.2 μM and 8.1 nA/μM for L‐cysteine. The advantageous of this modified electrode is high response, good stability and reproducibility, excellent catalytic activity for oxidation inert molecules at reduced overpotential and possibility of regeneration of the electrode surface by potential cycling for 5 minutes. Furthermore, the modified electrode has been prepared without using specific reagents. This sensor can be used as an amperometric detector for disulfides detection in chromatographic or flow systems.
Direct analysis of hydrogen peroxide by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Shihabi Zak K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA method is described for analysis of hydrogen peroxide directly by CZE in borate buffer based on its absorption in UV light at 185 nm, without reaction with dyes. The absorption at 185 nm was about 3.5 times better than that at 214 nm. Hydrogen peroxide was generated enzymatically from glucose in aqueous solutions and in serum and was removed by the catalase enzyme. To improve the sensitivity of detection, samples were concentrated on the capillary based on stacking by ACN. The method is rapid (∼7 min) and specific.
Rainfall partitioning within semiarid juniper communities: effects of event size and canopy cover
Authors: Owens M. Keith , Lyons Robert K. , Alejandro Chris L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPartitioning bulk rainfall into canopy interception, litter interception, stemflow and throughfall allows an estimate of the physical impact of trees on the local hydrologic budget. Despite recognition of the potentially large effect of interception and associated processes on the hydrologic budget, few, if any, studies have quantitatively evaluated the multiple components simultaneously in semiarid savannas, nor have the effects of rainfall intensity within storms been rigorously evaluated. We monitored interception and rainfall partitioning in individual Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) canopies at ten sites over a 3‐year period. Averaged over all ten sites for 2700 total rain events, about 35% of the bulk rainfall falling on juniper trees was intercepted by the tree canopy, 5% was intercepted by the coarse litter and duff beneath the tree, 55% reached the ground surface as direct and released throughfall, and 5% was redirected to the base of the tree as stemflow. Small amounts of rainfall (<2·5 mm) were entirely captured by the canopy and evaporated to the atmosphere, contributing nothing to soil water under juniper trees. Low intensity rainfall (e.g. 13 mm over a 19‐h period) that could conceivably benefit the local plant community was largely intercepted by the tree canopy (>60% interception). High intensity rainfall was less influenced by juniper canopies. At high intensities (e.g. > 70 mm over a 15‐h period) only 20% of the bulk precipitation was intercepted by the canopy and litter. The hourly pattern of rainfall within extended storms demonstrated periods with low intensity and periods with high intensity. The interception rates during these periods closely mimic the rates seen in similar intensity short duration storms. Canopy and litter interception effectively reduced the beneath‐canopy precipitation from 600 to 360 mm in the western region and from 900 to 540 mm in the eastern region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Springs on rangelands: runoff dynamics and influence of woody plant cover
Authors: Huang Yun , Wilcox Bradford P. , Stern Libby , Perotto‐Baldivieso Humberto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTo date, little effort has been devoted to understanding the nature of streamflow from dryland catchments where springs are found, and little is known about how changes in vegetation may alter that streamflow. But where they do occur in drylands, springs are important—ecologically as well as hydrologically. Areas that naturally support spring flow, such as those having an underlying karst geology, hold the most promise for increasing streamflow through control of woody plants. For rangelands, this possibility is a particularly appealing one. However, few studies have documented that such a method is effective (except in Mediterranean climates). For this reason, we studied runoff generation for a site on the Edwards Plateau of Texas: a first‐order (19‐ha) rangeland catchment supplied with intermittent streamflow from a spring at its base. Using hydrometric as well as isotopic characterization, we evaluated the extent to which runoff changed following removal of most of the woody plant cover (predominantly Ashe juniper). After monitoring streamflow for 4 years (two before plant removal and two following removal), we found that (1) streamflow increased following removal of juniper, by about 46 mm annually, except during the summer; (2) for the 4 years of observation, runoff made up about 22% of the water budget, with baseflow from the spring accounting for about half the total flow; and (3) hydrograph separation analysis conducted for two events following juniper removal indicated that pre‐event water made up 25% and 50% of the runoff (these numbers represent lower bounds for the percentage of water derived from the spring during storm events). These findings are important, not only because they add to our understanding of runoff generation from spring‐fed catchments, but also in particular because they demonstrate that where springs are present, decreasing woody plant cover may augment runoff. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinking of discrete self‐assembled collagen threads: Effects on mechanical strength and cell–matrix interactions
Authors: Cornwell Kevin G. , Lei Pedro , Andreadis Stelios T. , Pins George D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBundles of threads extruded from type I collagen have been researched extensively as scaffolds to promote the repair and regeneration of torn tendons and ligaments. The success of these scaffolds has been limited by insufficient tissue ingrowth from the wound margin, which may be inhibited by the chemical or physical crosslinking treatment used to increase the mechanical properties and decrease the degradation rate of these scaffolds. Recently, self‐assembled collagen threads extruded from solutions of type I collagen molecules were shown to possess ultimate tensile strengths and structural properties comparable to native tendon fibers; however the tissue response to these threads has yet to be determined. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of various crosslinking techniques on the mechanical properties as well as the in vitro rate of new tissue ingrowth on these threads. Our findings indicate that the physical crosslinking techniques, dehydrothermal (DHT) or ultraviolet light (UV), most significantly improve the mechanical strengths of the threads, but most significantly decrease the rate of cell migration. In contrast, carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinking achieved sub‐optimal strength generation, but demonstrated improved cell migration rates. Future studies will investigate the design of threads with surface biochemistries that maximize tissue ingrowth while maintaining the mechanical stability of the scaffold. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Targeting histone deacetylases for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Huang Lili 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in chromatin remodeling and modification of nonhistone transcription regulatory proteins, thus modulating the expression of genes important for complex biological events. Dysregulation of HDACs and aberrant chromatin acetylation and deacetylation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. A significant number of HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) have been developed in the past decade. These inhibitors demonstrate strong anti‐neoplastic effects in vitro and in vivo by inducing growth arrest, differentiation, and programmed cell death, inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, and suppressing angiogenesis. More than a dozen HDIs are currently being evaluated in phase I–II clinical trials in patients with solid and hematological malignancies, and some have already shown promising activity with low toxicity. HDIs also exhibit strong anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro and in animal models for various inflammatory diseases, thus representing a new class of promising agents for treating inflammatory diseases. This review provides an overview of HDACs in gene regulation, HDIs for cancer therapy and for potential treatment of inflammatory diseases, and future perspectives. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 611–616, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mornings with art, lessons learned: Feedback regulation, restriction threshold biology, and redundancy govern molecular stress responses
Authors: Bey Erik A. , Wuerzberger‐Davis Shelly M. , Pink John J. , Yang Chin‐Rang , Araki Shinako , Reinicke Kathryn E. , Bentle Melissa S. , Dong Ying , Cataldo Eva , Criswell Tracy L. , Wagner Mark W. , Li Longshan , Gao Jinming , Boothman David A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWork from the laboratory of Dr. Arthur B. Pardee has highlighted basic principles that govern cellular and molecular biological processes in living cells. Among the most important governing principles in cellular and molecular responses are: (i) threshold “restriction” responses, wherein a level of response is reached and a “point of no return” is achieved; (ii) feedback regulation; and (iii) redundancy. Lessons learned from the molecular biology of cellular stress responses in mammalian cancer versus normal cells after ionizing radiation (IR) or chemotherapeutic agent exposures reveal similar instances of these guiding principles in mammalian cells. Among these are the: (i) induction of cell death responses by β‐lapachone (β‐lap), a naphthoquinone anti‐tumor agent that kills cancer cells via an NQO1 (i.e., X‐ray‐inducible protein‐3, xip3)‐dependent mechanism; (ii) induction of secretory clusterin (sCLU) in response to TGF‐β1 exposure, and the ability of induced sCLU protein to down‐regulate TGF‐β1 signaling; and (iii) induction of DNA mismatch repair‐dependent G2 cell cycle checkpoint responses after exposure to alkylating agents. We have learned these lessons and now adopted strategies to exploit them for improved therapy. These examples will be discussed and compared to the pioneering findings of researchers in the Pardee laboratory over the years. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 604–610, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of extrusion on nutritional quality of maize and Lima bean flour blends
Authors: Pérez‐Navarrete Cecilia , González Rolando , Chel‐Guerrero Luis , Betancur‐Ancona David 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMaize flour (Zea mays) (M), Lima bean flour (Phaseolus lunatus) (B) and blends of these in proportions of 75M/25B, 50M/50B and 25M/75B (w/w) were extruded and their nutritional quality evaluated. Extrusion was done with a single screw extruder at 160 °C, 100 rpm and 15.5% moisture. In vitro protein digestibility (87%) was higher in the extruded products. Available lysine and resistant starch were highest in 50M/50B raw flour (59.5 g kg−1 protein, 67.9 g kg−1, respectively) but decreased after extrusion (45.5 g kg−1 protein, 16.6 g kg−1, respectively). The same treatment had the lowest available starch (561.6 g kg−1 flour, 507.9 g kg−1 extrudate). Total dietary fiber in the 50M/50B raw flour blend was 144 g kg−1 versus 176 g kg−1 in its extrudate. This was most noticeable for soluble dietary fiber, which increased from 10.6 g kg−1 to 79.4 g kg−1 after processing. Extrusion of blends is feasible up to a 50% bean inclusion level, which improves the nutritional value of the expanded product.Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of children with intellectual giftedness and reading disabilities
Authors: Volker Martin A. , Lopata Christopher , Cook‐Cottone Catherine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article discusses the current issues involved in the evaluation of children who have both intellectual gifts and a specific learning disability (SLD) in reading. Given recent changes in federal special education law (i.e., the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004), the use of a unified assessment model that integrates responsiveness to intervention techniques with state‐of‐the‐art psychometric tools is most appropriate for this population. Use of the Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll (K.S. McGrew, 2005) and the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive (J.A. Naglieri & J.P. Das, 1997b) cognitive assessment theories are highlighted due to their clear relevance to the assessment of both intellectual strengths for gifted children and psychological processing weaknesses for children with SLDs. Recommendations for assessment practices and areas in need of further research are explicitly stated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 855–869, 2006.
The TerraMax autonomous vehicle
Authors: Braid Deborah , Broggi Alberto , Schmiedel Gary 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe TerraMax vehicle is based on Oshkosh Truck's Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement truck platform and was one of the five vehicles able to successfully reach the finish line of the 132 miles DARPA Grand Challenge desert race. Due to its size (30 000 pounds,27′0″long,8′4″wide, and8′2″high) and the narrow passages, TerraMax had to travel slowly, but its capabilities demonstrated the maturity of the overall system. Rockwell Collins developed, integrated, and installed the intelligent Vehicle Management System, which includes vehicle sensor management, navigation, and vehicle control systems. The University of Parma provided the vehicle's vision system, while Oshkosh Truck Corp. provided project management, system integration, low level controls hardware, modeling and simulation support, and the vehicle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A traffic control system for IEEE 802.11 networks based on available bandwidth estimation
Authors: Ko Dukju , Han Seungjae , Cha Hojung , Ha Rhan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTo support Quality of service (QoS)‐sensitive applications like real‐time video streaming in IEEE 802.11 networks, a MAC layer extension for QoS, IEEE 802.11e, has been recently ratified as a standard. This MAC layer solution, however, addresses only the issue of prioritized access to the wireless medium and leaves such issues as QoS guarantee and admission control to the traffic control systems at the higher layers. This paper presents an IP‐layer traffic control system for IEEE 802.11 networks based on available bandwidth estimation. We build an analytical model for estimating the available bandwidth by extending an existing throughput computation model, and implement a traffic control system that provides QoS guarantees and admission control by utilizing the estimated available bandwidth information. We have conducted extensive performance evaluation of the proposed scheme via both simulations and measurements in the real test‐bed. The experiment results show that our estimation model and traffic control system work accurately and effectively in various network load conditions without IEEE 802.11e. The presence of IEEE 802.11e will allow even more efficient QoS provision, as the proposed scheme and the MAC layer QoS support will complement each other. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of PCR–DGGE to analyse the yeast population dynamics in slurry reactors during degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in weathered oil
Authors: Hesham Abd El‐Latif , Khan Sardar , Liu XinChun , Zhang Yu , Wang Zhenyu , Yang Min 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSlurry‐phase reactors have been used to investigate the biodegradation feasibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in weathered crude oil, by mixed culture containing five PAHs‐degrading yeast strains. Yeasts were isolated from the oily soil by enrichment culture, using phenanthrene as a sole carbon source, and identified based on the 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence. Yeast strains belonged to the genera Candida, Pichia, Rhodotorula and Sporidiobolus. The experiment was carried out for a period of 6 weeks at room temperature with a solid : liquid ratio of 50% w/w. The results showed that high removal efficiency was obtained for all PAHs, including low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) compounds (89.3–98.6% and 66.3–89.4% within 6 weeks, respectively). The higher removal efficiency for HMW‐PAHs obtained in this work suggested that yeast strains mixture could play an important role to reclaim oil‐contaminated sites. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified 26S rRNA genes was used to follow the changes of yeast populations during the slurry reactor process. The results of DGGE indicated that Candida maltosa‐like and Pichia guilliermondii were the dominant species but Rhodotorula dairenensis appeared as a weak band and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor and Pichia anomala disappeared during the study. Moreover, the results showed that all of the five strains, including the two belonging to the same genus, could be differentiated from each other in the DGGE profile. Sequences of yeast isolates reported in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under Accession Nos DQ302753, DQ303392, DQ303393, DQ350841 and DQ432635. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbital stability for polytropic galaxies
Authors: Sánchez Óscar , Soler Juan 
Published: September 2006

In this paper, motivated by the Galilean invariance of the solutions, we use the concept of orbital stability for the Vlasov–Poisson system. We prove that a family of stationary solutions, called polytropic gas spheres, are orbitally

L^{1}

stable in the gravitational case by considering direct variational arguments.

Résumé

Dans cet article, motivés pour la propriété d'invariance Galiléenne des solutions, nous étudions la notion de stabilité orbitale pour le système de Vlasov–Poisson. Nous obtenons pour le cas gravitationnel que la famille des solutions stationnaires, connue comme gaz de sphères polytropiques, sont orbitalement stables dans

L^{1}

en considérant des arguments variationnels directs.
On the Hénon equation: asymptotic profile of ground states, I
Authors: Byeon Jaeyoung , Wang Zhi-Qiang 
Published: September 2006

This paper is concerned with the qualitative property of the ground state solutions for the Hénon equation. By studying a limiting equation on the upper half space

\mathbf{R}_{ + }^{N}

, we investigate the asymptotic energy and the asymptotic profile of the ground states for the Hénon equation. The limiting problem is related to a weighted Sobolev type inequality which we establish in this paper.

Résumé

Nous nous intéresserons, dans cet article, aux propriétés qualitatives des fonctions minimisantes (ou « ground state solutions ») de l'équation d'Hénon. L'étude d'une équation limite dans le demi-espace supérieur

\mathbf{R}_{ + }^{N}

, nous renseignera sur l'énergie et les caractéristiques limites des fonctions minimisantes de l'équation d'Hénon. Notons que le problème limite est en relation avec une inégalité de Sobolev pondérée que nous établirons également.
Palaeolimnology of Lake Zeribar, Iran, and its Climatic Implications
Authors: Wasylikowa Krystyna , Witkowski Andrzej , Walanus Adam , Hutorowicz Andrzej , Alexandrowicz Stefan W. , Langer Jerzy J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLake Zeribar sediments covering the time period of the last 25,000 years were examined for the contents of seeds, fruits, Characeae, diatoms, and molluscs. Reconstructions of the variations in the lake water level, salinity, and trophy suggest a sequence of climatic changes. Three pronounced stages of low and varying lake-water level occurred ca. 17,700–15,400, 12,600–12,000, and 10,000–6000 cal yr BP. Some water-level changes were correlated with variations in salinity. The most pronounced increase of salinity occurred 17,700–15,700 and 12,600–12,000 cal yr BP, and less distinct ones occurred about 6400–5900 and 2500 cal yr BP. Diatom assemblages indicated a strong increase of lake trophy ca. 20,200 cal yr BP. Between 6000 and 5000 cal yr BP diatoms characteristic of eutrophy increased in core 63J, and at about 3200 cal yr BP a distinct increase in mesotrophic forms occurred in core 70B. The changes in the occurrence of various organisms indicate increased temperatures about 21,000 cal yr BP, between 15,400 and 12,600, about 12,000, and about 11,700 cal yr BP. The reduced occurrence or disappearance of some of them suggest temperature decreases about 17,700–15,400 and 12,600–12,000 cal yr BP.
Timing of Atmospheric Precipitation in the Zagros Mountains Inferred from a Multi-Proxy Record from Lake Mirabad, Iran
Authors: Stevens Lora R. , Ito Emi , Schwalb Antje , Wright Herbert E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA sediment core 7.2 m long from Lake Mirabad, Iran, was examined for loss-on-ignition, mineralogy, oxygen-isotopic composition of authigenic calcite, and trace-element composition of ostracodes to complement earlier pollen and ostracode-assemblage studies. Pollen, ostracode-inferred lake level, and high Sr/Ca ratios indicate that the early Holocene (10000 to 6500 cal yr BP) was drier than the late Holocene. Low δ18O values during this interval are interpreted as resulting from winter-dominated precipitation, characteristic of a Mediterranean climate. Increasing δ18O values after 6500 cal yr BP signal a gradual increase in spring rains, which are present today. A severe 600-yr drought occurred at ca. 5500 cal yr BP, shortly after the transition from pistachio-almond to oak forest. During the late Holocene, two milder droughts occurred at about 1500 and 500 cal yr BP. Within the resolution of the record, no drought is evident during the collapse of the Akkadian empire (4200–3900 cal yr BP). Rather, a decrease in δ18O values to early-Holocene levels may indicate the return to a Mediterranean precipitation regime.