bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High power self-controled volume discharge based molecular lasers
Authors: Apollonov V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn investigation was made of the characteristics of the formation of a selfcontroled volume discharge for the pumping of CO2 lasers, i.e. self-sustained volume discharge (SSVD), which involved a preliminary filling of a discharge gap by an electron flux from an auxiliary-discharge plasma. We have found that this method was suitable for large interelectrode gaps, that distortion of the electric field in the gap by the space charge of the electron flux played an important role in the formation of the discharge and that the electrodes could be profiled dynamically during propagation of an electron flux through the discharge gap and a SSVD could form in systems with a strongly inhomogeneous field. High power SSVD based CO2 laser systems have been created and investigated.Another type of self-controled volume discharge without pre-ionization, i.e. a selfinitiated volume discharge (SIVD), in nonchain HF lasers with SF6−C2H6 mixtures was investigated as well in our review. We have established that, after the primary local electrical breakdown of the discharge gap, the SIVD spreads along the gap in directions perpendicular to that of the electric field by means of the successive formation of overlapping diffuse channels under a discharge voltage close to its quasi-steady state value. It is shown that, as new channels appear, the current flowing through the channels formed earlier decreases. The volume occupied by the SIVD increases with increase in the energy deposited in the plasma and, when the discharge volume is confined by a dielectric surface, the discharge voltage increases simultaneously with increase in the current. The possible mechanisms which explain the observed phenomena, namely the dissociation of SF6 molecules and electron attachment SF6 molecules, are examined. A simple analytical model, which makes it possible to describe these mechanisms at a qualitative level, was developed. High power SIVD based HF(DF) lasers have been developed and tested.
Dual pairs and Kostant-Sekiguchi correspondence. II. Classification of nilpotent elements
Authors: Daszkiewicz Andrzej , Kraśkiewicz Witold , Przebinda Tomasz 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We classify the homogeneous nilpotent orbits in certain Lie color algebras and specialize the results to the setting of a real reductive dual pair.
For any member of a dual pair, we prove the bijectivity of the two Kostant-Sekiguchi maps by straightforward argument. For a dual pair we determine the correspondence of the real orbits, the correspondence of the complex orbits and explain how these two relations behave under the Kostant-Sekiguchi maps. In particular we prove that for a dual pair in the stable range there is a Kostant-Sekiguchi map such that the conjecture formulated in [6] holds. We also show that the conjecture cannot be true in general.
On some properties of the functions from Sobolev-Morrey type spaces
Authors: Najafov Alik 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In this paper the spaces of type Sobolev-Morrey-W
p,a,г,τl(Q,G)-are constructed, the differential properties are studied and it is proved that the functions from these spaces satisfy Holder's condition, in the case, if the domain G∋R
n satisfies the flexible λ-horn condition.
On the first homology of automorphism groups of manifolds with geometric structures
Authors: Abe Kōjun , Fukui Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Hermann and Thurston proved that the group of diffeomorphisms with compact support of a smooth manifold M which are isotopic to the identity is a perfect group. We consider the case where M has a geometric structure. In this paper we shall survey on the recent results of the first homology of the diffeomorphism groups which preserve a smooth G-action or a foliated structure on M. We also work in Lipschitz category.
The generalized de Rham-Hodge theory aspects of Delsarte-Darboux type transformations in multidimension
Authors: Samoilenko Anatoliy , Prykarpatsky Yarema , Prykarpatsky Anatoliy 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The differential-geometric and topological structure of Delsarte transmutation operators and their associated Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko type eqautions are studied along with classical Dirac type operator and its multidimensional affine extension, related with selfdual Yang-Mills eqautions. The construction of soliton-like solutions to the related set of nonlinear dynamical system is discussed.
General spectral flow formula for fixed maximal domain
Authors: Booss-Bavnbek Bernhelm , Zhu Chaofeng 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We consider a continuous curve of linear elliptic formally self-adjoint differential operators of first order with smooth coefficients over a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary together with a continuous curve of global elliptic boundary value problems. We express the spectral flow of the resulting continuous family of (unbounded) self-adjoint Fredholm operators in terms of the Maslov index of two related curves of Lagrangian spaces. One curve is given by the varying domains, the other by the Cauchy data spaces. We provide rigorous definitions of the underlying concepts of spectral theory and symplectic analysis and give a full (and surprisingly short) proof of our General Spectral Flow Formula for the case of fixed maximal domain. As a side result, we establish local stability of weak inner unique continuation property (UCP) and explain its role for parameter dependent spectral theory.
On the apostol-bernoulli polynomials
Authors: Luo Qiu-Ming 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In the present paper, we obtain two new formulas of the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials (see On the Lerch Zeta function. Pacific J. Math., 1 (1951), 161–167.), using the Gaussian hypergeometric functions and Hurwitz Zeta functions respectively, and give certain special cases and applications.
Distinguished geodesics and jacobi fields on first order jet spaces
Authors: Balan Vladimir , Voicu Nicoleta 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In the framework of jet spaces endowed with a non-linear connection, the special curves of these spaces (h-paths, v-paths, stationary curves and geodesics) which extend the corresponding notions from Riemannian geometry are characterized. The main geometric objects and the paths are described and, in the case when the vertical metric is independent of fiber coordinates, the first two variations of energy and the extended Jacobi field equations are derived.
A compound of the generalized negative binomial distribution with the generalized beta distribution
Authors: Gerstenkorn Tadeusz 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
This paper presents a compound of the generalized negative binomial distribution with the generalized beta distribution.
In the introductory part of the paper, we provide a chronological overview of recent developments in the compounding of distributions, including the Polish results. Then, in addition to presenting the probability function of the compound generalized negative binomial-generalized beta distribution, we present special cases as well as factorial and crude moments of some compound distributions.
Generalization of weierstrass canonical integrals
Authors: Veselovska Olga 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In this paper we prove that a subharmonic function in ℝm of finite λ-type can be represented (within some subharmonic function) as the sum of a generalized Weierstrass canonical integral and a function of finite λ-type which tends to zero uniformly on compacts of ℝm. The known Brelot-Hadamard representation of subharmonic functions in ℝm of finite order can be obtained as a corollary from this result. Moreover, some properties of R-remainders of λ-admissible mass distributions are investigated.
Lie groupoids as generalized atlases
Authors: Pradines Jean 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Starting with some motivating examples (classical atlases for a manifold, space of leaves of a foliation, group orbits), we propose to view a Lie groupoid as a generalized atlas for the “virtual structure” of its orbit space, the equivalence between atlases being here the smooth Morita equivalence. This “structure” keeps memory of the isotropy groups and of the smoothness as well. To take the smoothness into account, we claim that we can go very far by retaining just a few formal properties of embeddings and surmersions, yielding a very polymorphous unifying theory. We suggest further developments.
On the topology of spherically symmetric space-times
Authors: Szenthe J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Spherically symmetric space-times have attained considerable attention ever since the early beginnings of the theory of general relativity. In fact, they have appeared already in the papers of K. Schwarzschild [12] and W. De Sitter [5] which were published in 1916 and 1917 respectively soon after Einstein's epoch-making work [7] in 1915. The present survey is concerned mainly with recent results pertainig to the toplogy of spherically symmetric space-times.
Definition. By space-time a connected time-oriented 4-dimensional Lorentz manifold is meant. If (M,<,>) is a space-time, and Φ: SO(3)×M→M an isometric action such that the maximal dimension of its orbits is equal to 2, then the action Φ is said to be spherical and the space-time is said to be spherically symmetric [8]; [11]. Likewise, isometric actions Ψ: O(3)×M→M are also considered ([10], p. 365; [4]) which will be called quasi-spherical if the maximal dimension of its orbits is 2 and then the space-time is said to be quasi-spherically symmetric here. Each quasi-spherical action yields a spherical one by restricting it to the action of SO(3); the converse of this statement will be considered elsewhere.
The main results concerning spherically symmetric space-times are generally either of local character or pertaining to topologically restricted simple situations [14], and earlier results of global character are scarce [1], [4], [6], [13]. A report on recent results concerning the global geometry of spherically symmetric space-times [16] is presented below.
The natural functions on the cotangent bundle of higher order vector tangent bundles over fibered manifolds
Authors: Kurek Jan , Mikulski Włodzimierz 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
For natural numbers r,s,q,m,n with s≥r≤q we determine all natural functions g: T
*(J
(r,s,q)(Y, R
1,1)0)*→R for any fibered manifold Y with m-dimensional base and n-dimensional fibers. For natural numbers r,s,m,n with s≥r we determine all natural functions g: T
*(J
(r,s)(Y, R)0)*→R for any Y as above.
Lie algebraic characterization of manifolds
Authors: Grabowski Janusz , Poncin Norbert 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Results on characterization of manifolds in terms of certain Lie algebras growing on them, especially Lie algebras of differential operators, are reviewed and extended. In particular, we prove that a smooth (real-analytic, Stein) manifold is characterized by the corresponding Lie algebra of linear differential operators, i.e. isomorphisms of such Lie algebras are induced by the appropriate class of diffeomorphisms of the underlying manifolds.
Aromatic heterocycles XII. Semiempirical PM3 study of Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of substituted phosphabenzenes
Authors: Pacureanu Liliana , Mracec Mircea , Simon Zeno 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We report the results of a semiempirical PM3 study of the 1,4 cycloaddition reaction of substituted λ3-phosphabenzenes with alkynes. The influence of the nature, position and steric hindrance of substituents on the reaction energy is studied. Except for some values, the results are in reasonable agreement with experimental observations and electronic effects of substituents.
Bimodality of molecular mass distribution of polydienes obtained under the action of dilithium initiators in hydrocarbon media: the reasons, mathematical simulations, and their experimental testing
Authors: Estrin Yakov 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Bimodal molecular mass distribution (MWD) of polymers, obtained upon polymerization of hydrocarbon monomers in the nonpolar media under the action of dilithium initiators, is the consequence of separation of the reaction mixture into two phases. Bifunctional /living/ oligomers produce the insoluble sediment due to tetrameric association of the lithium active sites (the swollen gel-fraction). Part of the active site remains in the solution (the solfraction). Difference in the concentrations of the active sites into the phases leads to difference between the propagation rates of the /living/ chains and, as a result, to Bimodal MWD. The mathematical model of polymerization in the two-phase system is proposed. Satisfactory agreement between the calculations and the experiments is shown for butadiene polymerization in heptane under the action of 1,4-dilithiumpentane. Regulation of MWD up to the complete elimination of bimodality is possible via the programmed dosage of monomer and solvent into the reactor.
Direct and inverse neural network modeling in free radical polymerization
Authors: Curteanu Silvia 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The first part of this paper reviews of the most important aspects regarding the use of neural networks in the polymerization reaction engineering. Then, direct and inverse neural network modeling of the batch, bulk free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate is performed. To obtain monomer conversion, number and weight average molecular weights, and mass reaction viscosity, separate neural networks and, a network with multiple outputs were built (direct neural network modeling). The inverse neural network modeling gives the reaction conditions (temperature and initial initiator concentration) that assure certain values of conversion and polymerization degree at the end of the reaction. Each network is a multi-layer perceptron with one or two hidden layers and a different number of hidden neurons. The best topology correlates with the smallest error at the end of the training phase. The possibility of obtaining accurate results is demonstrated with a relatively simple architecture of the networks. Two types of neural network modeling, direct and inverse, represent possible alternatives to classical procedures of modeling and optimization, each producing accurate results and having simple methodologies.
Heterocyclic inflammation inhibitors
Authors: Sondhi Sham , Rajvanshi Shefali , Singh Nirupma , Jain Shubhi , Lahoti Anand 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used medicines for relief of pain. These drugs have some side effects, particularly toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Various approaches have been used for obtaining safer anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review we have summarized the recent developments in the following areas; (i) mode of action of NSAIDs (ii) Role of COX-1 & COX-2 in inflammation, (iii) Different approaches used to improve gastric tolerance i.e. chemical manipulation, formulation & co-administration, development of non specific (COX-1 & COX-2 inhibitors) and specific (COX-2 inhibitors) inflammation inhibitors, and development of inflammation inhibitors having a mode of action other than COX-1 & COX-2 inhibition. We have also focused on the safety of COX-2 inhibitors and the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and their role as inflammation inhibitors.
Combined laser and magnetic field treatment of YFeO3—containing films grown by spray-pyrolysis
Authors: Mihailov N. , Vankov O. , Petrova N. , Kovacheva D. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Thin films (50–1200 nm) of YFeO3 were deposited on fused silica substrates by spray-pyrolysis using ethylene glycol solution of Y-Fe(III) citric complexes. The films were post deposition annealed at 750°C in static air for 2 h. Films obtained in this way were afterwards irradiated by a burst mode operated Nd-YAG laser (pulse energy 650 mJ, pulse duration 700 μs, energy density 110 mJ/cm2). The laser’s onset was synchronized with that of a magnetic field pulse of nearly square shape (magnetic induction 0.5 T, pulse duration 900 μs). The samples were placed normally to the direction of the magnetic field. The treatment does not affect the phase composition of the film but significantly increases the crystallite sizes of the phases presenting in the sample. The saturation magnetization of the films decreases as a result of the laser and magnetic field treatment and the coercive force increases by 50%.
Aromatic glyoxalimines in criss-cross cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Verner Jiří , Potáček Milan 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Aromatic 1,4-diazabuta-1,3-dienes in glacial acetic acid with thiocyanates produce via criss-cross cycloaddition reactions the corresponding perhydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-dithiones. When a mixture of thiocyanate and cyanate in a proper ratio was reacted together, nonsymmetrical 5-thioxo-perhydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2-ones were isolated. With cyanates substituted aromatic 1,4-diazabuta-1,3-dienes afforded product of acetic acid addition to primary formed 1,3-dipole intermediate 5-(4-substituted phenylamino)-3-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl acetate.
Phosphorus (V) porphyrin diaxially substituted with Leu-enkephalin
Authors: Gajewski Mariusz , Czuchajowski Leszek 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSynthesis of the first phosphorus (V) porphyrin-peptide conjugate was successfully accomplished. A biologically active peptide, leucine enkephalin, was constructed on the phosphorus atom of the 5,10,15,20-meso-tetraphenylporphinato dichlorophosphorus (V) chloride. The method involved solution phase peptide synthesis. The first C-terminal amino acid in the sequence of the peptide was axially attached to the porphyrin through a linker, 3-aminopropanol, and the remainder of leucine enkephalin was synthesized by subsequent additions of amino acids. Leucine enkephalin-P(V) porphyrin conjugate represents a new group of compounds, and its synthesis broadens potential applications of P(V) porphyrine, e.g. in photodynamic therapy.
On the possibilities of ICP-AES for analysis of archaeological bones
Authors: Zlateva B. , Djingova R. , Kuleff I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe possibility of using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) to determine the elemental composition of archaeological bones elements was evaluated and discussed. The interferences of the major elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Al and Fe) on the microelements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn) were investigated and the appropriate analytical lines were selected. The role of different nebulizers (cross-flow, Babington and Meinhard) on detection limits were investigated. The applicability of the proposed procedure was demonstrated analyzing IAEA-SRM-H-5 (Animal bone); and authentic bone sample dating back to the 4th century BC. These results were compared to ETAAS and ICP-MS.
Temperature and pH effects on the kinetics of 2-aminophenol auto-oxidation in aqueous solution
Authors: Oancea Dumitru , Puiu Mihaela 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the auto-oxidation of 2-aminophenol (OAP) to 2-amino-phenoxazin-3-one (APX) was followed in air-saturated aqueous solutions and the influence of temperature and pH on the auto-oxidation rate was studied. The kinetic analysis was based on a spectrophotometric method following the increase of the absorbance of APX. The process follows first order kinetics according to the rate law—d[OAP]/dt=k′[OAP]. The experimental data, within the pH range 4–9.85, were analyzed using both differential and incremental methods. The temperature variation of the overall rate constant was studied at pH=9.85 within the range 25–50°C and the corresponding activation energy was evaluated.
Analytical applications of electrode sensitive to labetalol in pharmaceuticals
Authors: Gorodkiewicz Ewa , Falkowski Paweł , Sankiewicz Anna , Figaszewski Zbigniew 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe analytical properties of an ion-selective electrode sensitive to labetalol with a liquid membrane, based on ion-pair complexes with sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB-Na+) are described. The studied electrode can be used for the determination of labetalol hydrochloride as a protonated form of labetalol in pharmaceuticals. The calibration curve, e.g. EMF=f(pCLabHCl) is linear in the range from 10−5 to 10−2 mol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 and slope of 61.13 mV/decade, which is close to the Nernstian slope. The detection limit of the examined electrode is 7.20×10−6 mol L−1. The influence of pH of the tested solutions on the formulation of the electrode is not as considerable since the electrode works correctly in the pH range 3.0–8.0. The main attributes of the developed electrode are: stability, good reproducibility of EMF and short response time, close to 30 seconds depending on labetalol concentration in the solution. The electrode shows good selectivity for many inorganic ions. The selectivity for drug cations is weaker due to the structural similarity of the interfering cations to labetalol. The results of labetalol determination using direct potentiometry in drugs such as Pressocard (Polpharma) and Trandate (GlaxoWellcome) were compatible with the quantity of labetalol declared by the manufacturer, and with parallel UV spectrophotometric and HPLC determinations.
On the inverse miniemulsion copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide, N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) and methacrylic acid
Authors: Capek I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of free-radical copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide (AAm), N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) and methacrylic acid (MA) in the inverse water/monomer/cyclohexane/Tween 85 miniemulsion was investigated. Polymerizable sterically-stable miniemulsions were formulated in cyclohexane as a continuous medium. Polymerizations are very fast and reach the final conversion within several minutes. The dependence of the polymerization rate vs. conversion is described by a curve with two nonstationary rate intervals. The maximum rate of polymerization slightly increases with increasing concentration of crosslinking monomer (MBA) and strongly decreases by the addition of MA. The rate of polymerization is inversely proportional to the 0.9th and 1.8th power of the particle concentration without and with MA, respectively. The number of polymer particles is inversely proportional to the 0.18th and 0.13th power of MBA concentration. The kinetic and colloidal parameters of the miniemulsion polymerization are discussed in terms of microemulsion polymerization model.
Transformations of xylenes in trimethylammonium hydrochloride—Aluminum chloride ionic liquid
Authors: Ksenofontov V. , Kustov L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIsomerization of m-, o-and p-xylenes in the presence of trimethylammonium hydrochloride-AlCl3 ionic liquid with different composition was studied. Ionic liquids with the following ammonium salt: AlCl3 molar ratios were used: 1∶2, 1∶1.5 and 1∶1.25. It was shown that isomerization of xylenes proceeds under mild conditions at temperatures from 60°C to 110°C. It was found that the activity and selectivity of the ionic liquids depends on their composition. The most effective catalyst was the ionic liquid with the ammonium salt: AlCl3 molar ratio equal to 1∶2.