bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a drone equipped with microthermal sensors to estimate the quality of the atmosphere for astronomical observation
Authors: Quesada‐Moreno José Antonio , Martínez‐Ibarra Emilio , Ortiz José Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA drone was used to obtain thermal profiles to estimate atmospheric turbulence for the purposes of astronomical observation. The first 150 metres above ground level were studied in two areas in the south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula. The preliminary results are promising regarding the use of drones as a suitable means of transport for obtaining microthermal measurements. We have also assessed the influence of the planetary boundary layer on the quality of the image for astronomical purposes. In future research, we intend to check these measurements with fixed microthermal sensors installed in meteorological towers.
Evaluating the performance of semiautomated photographic identification programs for leopard seals
Authors: Grabham Alexander A. , van der Linde Krista , Nelson Ximena J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe photographic identification (photo‐ID) of individual animals can be time‐consuming and erroneous. Recent efforts to collect photographs of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) from across their range have necessitated the technological streamlining of photo‐ID. We constructed a dataset containing 595 photographs of the head and body of individuals recorded in New Zealand between 2008 and 2022 to test the performance of semiautomated 3 photo‐ID programs: HotSpotter, Interactive Individual Identification System's Pattern+ (I3S), and Wild‐ID. We classified attributes of photographs (e.g., quality) and individuals (i.e., pelage patterns) to assess their effect on performance. We compared performance using Top20 and Top1 Accuracy, defined as the proportion of test photographs where the highest ranked correct identity was in the top 20 and top 1, respectively, matched reference photographs. HotSpotter outperformed I3S and Wild‐ID in both Top20 and Top1 Accuracy of most assessed attributes. Maximizing HotSpotter's performance may be achieved through several methods, including increasing the number and variety of photographs of individuals in the dataset. HotSpotter will likely perform better with photographs without obstructions (e.g., debris from beaches), such as on the pack ice of their primary Antarctic range. We highlight the viability of HotSpotter in assisting the photo‐ID of leopard seals, and more broadly, other species with similar markings.
Effect of photobiomodulation therapy as a multimodal approach to treatment of dermal abrasions in cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus)
Authors: Gilewski Anne L. , Flower Jennifer E. , Miller Lisa , Tuttle Allison D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has become increasingly utilized in the zoo and aquarium fields to treat ailments in various species; however, its use in teleosts and elasmobranchs is relatively underrepresented in the literature. This study examined the efficacy of PBMT as an adjunct treatment to reduce the healing time of dermal abrasions in cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus). Ten cownose rays were included in this study and separated into control (n = 5) and treatment groups (n = 5). Animals in both treatment and control groups received intramuscular injections of enrofloxacin every 72 h to provide broad‐spectrum antibiotic coverage. Cownose rays in the treatment group additionally received PBMT using the Companion® CTC‐12 unit using the large, noncontact head. Control group rays were subjected to identical handling without the use of PBMT. A total of 196 Joules were delivered at a power of 2 W based on a dose of 5 J/cm2 at each session. Observational analysis revealed a lack of appreciable difference in healing time between the treatment and control groups in the aforementioned settings; however, it is recommended that PBMT protocols should be re‐evaluated if there is little to no response in healing after three to four sessions. PBMT use on acute superficial dermal abrasions in cownose rays was well‐tolerated in this study and may have utility in a multimodal treatment approach to wound healing. This study also produced a wound scoring metric based on photographs captured at each treatment. Future studies should utilize increased fluence (J/cm2) and irradiance (W/cm2) and incorporate synchronous histological analysis and increased sample size.
A Case Study Exploring ESL Instructors’ Perspectives of Blended Learning in UAE Higher Education
Authors: Alawadhi Azza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, universities and colleges across the United Arab Emirates have been actively incorporating new learning technologies to facilitate blended learning pedagogy mandated by the Ministry of Higher Education during the COVID-19 crisis. Despite its popularity, blended learning is still a relatively new approach to learning across higher education in the UAE. This small-scale qualitative study seeks to gain insights into instructors’ perspectives of blended learning in an ESL program at a federal college in the UAE. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify the benefits and challenges perceived by instructors teaching in this context. The results revealed several key benefits, including increased flexibility, improved accessibility, and timely and continuous learning. However, instructors also reported increased academic workload, technical issues, and a lack of professional development as barriers. The findings offer recommendations, implications, and possible future directions for stakeholders and academics to inform future directives.
Pre-training on Multi-modal for Improved Persona Detection Using Multi Datasets
Authors: Abdulla Salwa , Muammar Suadad , Shaalan Khaled 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPersona identification helps AI-based communication systems provide personalized and situationally informed interactions. This paper introduces pre-training on CNN, BERT, and GPT models to improve persona detection on PMPC and ROCStories datasets. Two speakers with different personalities have dialogues in the PMPC dataset. The challenge is to match each speaker to their persona. The ROCStories dataset contains fictional character traits and activities. Our study uses transformer-based design to improve persona detection using ROCStories dataset external context. We compare our method to leading models in the field. We found that pre-training and fine-tuning on several datasets improves model performance. External context from tale collections may improve persona detection algorithms and help understand human personality and behavior. Our study found that pre-training CNN, BERT, and GPT models improves persona detection, improving user experiences and communication. The method could be used in chatbots, personalized recommendation systems, and customer support. Additionally, it can help create AI-driven communication systems with tailored, context-aware, and human-like interactions.
Inflammation in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Boulet Jacinthe , Sridhar Vikas S. , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Tardif Jean-Claude , White Michel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA role for inflammation in the development and progression of heart failure (HF) has been proposed for decades. Multiple studies have demonstrated the potential involvement of several groups of cytokines and chemokines in acute and chronic HF, though targeting these pathways in early therapeutic trials have produced mixed results. These studies served to highlight the complexity and nuances of how pro-inflammatory pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of HF. More recent investigations have highlighted how inflammation may play distinct roles based on HF syndrome phenotypes, findings that may guide the development of novel therapies. In this review, we propose a contemporary update on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems with HF, highlighting differences that exist across the ejection fraction spectrum. This will specifically be looked at through the lens of established and novel biomarkers of inflammation. Subsequently, we review how improvements in inflammatory pathways may mediate clinical benefits of existing guideline-directed medical therapies for HF, as well as future therapies in the pipeline targeting HF and inflammation.
De novo GRIN variants in M3 helix associated with neurological disorders control channel gating of NMDA receptor
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Song Rui , Perszyk Riley E. , Chen Wenjuan , Kim Sukhan , Park Kristen L. , Allen James P. , Nocilla Kelsey A. , Zhang Jing , XiangWei Wenshu , Tankovic Anel , McDaniels Ellington D. , Sheikh Rehan , Mizu Ruth K. , Karamchandani Manish M. , Hu Chun , Kusumoto Hirofumi , Pecha Joseph , Cappuccio Gerarda , Gaitanis John , Sullivan Jennifer , Shashi Vandana , Petrovski Slave , Jauss Robin-Tobias , Lee Hyun Kyung , Bozarth Xiuhua , Lynch David R. , Helbig Ingo , Pierson Tyler Mark , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Myers Scott J. , Lemke Johannes R. , Benke Timothy A. , Yuan Hongjie , Traynelis Stephen F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractN-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are members of the glutamate receptor family and participate in excitatory postsynaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system. Genetic variants in GRIN genes encoding NMDAR subunits are associated with a spectrum of neurological disorders. The M3 transmembrane helices of the NMDAR couple directly to the agonist-binding domains and form a helical bundle crossing in the closed receptors that occludes the pore. The M3 functions as a transduction element whose conformational change couples ligand binding to opening of an ion conducting pore. In this study, we report the functional consequences of 48 de novo missense variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B that alter residues in the M3 transmembrane helix. These de novo variants were identified in children with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. All 48 variants in M3 for which comprehensive testing was completed produce a gain-of-function (28/48) compared to loss-of-function (9/48); 11 variants had an indeterminant phenotype. This supports the idea that a key structural feature of the M3 gate exists to stabilize the closed state so that agonist binding can drive channel opening. Given that most M3 variants enhance channel gating, we assessed the potency of FDA-approved NMDAR channel blockers on these variant receptors. These data provide new insight into the structure–function relationship of the NMDAR gate, and suggest that variants within the M3 transmembrane helix produce a gain-of-function.
Integration of a fasting-mimicking diet programme in primary care for type 2 diabetes reduces the need for medication and improves glycaemic control: a 12-month randomised controlled trial
Authors: van den Burg Elske L. , Schoonakker Marjolein P. , van Peet Petra G. , van den Akker-van Marle Elske M. , Lamb Hildo J. , Longo Valter D. , Numans Mattijs E. , Pijl Hanno 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on metabolic control of periodic use of a 5-day fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) programme as an adjunct to usual care in people with type 2 diabetes under regular primary care surveillance.

Methods
In this randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded trial, people with type 2 diabetes using metformin as the only glucose-lowering drug and/or diet for glycaemic control were randomised to receive 5-day cycles of an FMD monthly as an adjunct to regular care by their general practitioner or to receive regular care only. The primary outcomes were changes in glucose-lowering medication (as reflected by the medication effect score) and HbA1c levels after 12 months. Moreover, changes in use of glucose-lowering medication and/or HbA1c levels in individual participants were combined to yield a clinically relevant outcome measure (‘glycaemic management’), which was categorised as improved, stable or deteriorated after 1 year of follow-up. Several secondary outcome measures were also examined, including changes in body weight.

Results
One hundred individuals with type 2 diabetes, age 18–75 years, BMI ≥27 kg/m2, were randomised to the FMD group (n=51) or the control group (n=49). Eight FMD participants and ten control participants were lost to follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses, using linear mixed models, revealed adjusted estimated treatment effects for the medication effect score (−0.3; 95% CI −0.4, −0.2; p<0.001), HbA1c (−3.2 mmol/mol; 95% CI −6.2, −0.2 and −0.3%; 95% CI −0.6, −0.0; p=0.04) and body weight (−3.6 kg; 95% CI −5.2, −2.1; p<0.001) at 12 months. Glycaemic management improved in 53% of participants using FMD vs 8% of control participants, remained stable in 23% vs 33%, and deteriorated in 23% vs 59% (p<0.001).

Conclusions/interpretation
Integration of a monthly FMD programme in regular primary care for people with type 2 diabetes who use metformin as the only glucose-lowering drug and/or diet for glycaemic control reduces the need for glucose-lowering medication, improves HbA1c despite the reduction in medication use, and appears to be safe in routine clinical practice.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03811587

Funding
The project was co-funded by Health~Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, the Dutch Diabetes Foundation and L-Nutra.

Graphical Abstract
Indiscernibles and satisfaction classes in arithmetic
Authors: Enayat Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate the theory Peano Arithmetic with Indiscernibles ($$\textrm{PAI}$$
PAI
). Models of $$\textrm{PAI}$$
PAI
are of the form $$({\mathcal {M}},I)$$

(
M
,
I
)

, where $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
is a model of $$\textrm{PA}$$
PA
, I is an unbounded set of order indiscernibles over $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
, and $$({\mathcal {M}},I)$$

(
M
,
I
)

satisfies the extended induction scheme for formulae mentioning I. Our main results are Theorems A and B following. Theorem A.Let$${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
be a nonstandard model of$$\textrm{PA}$$
PA
of any cardinality. $$\mathcal {M }$$
M
has an expansion to a model of $$\textrm{PAI}$$
PAI
iff$$ {\mathcal {M}}$$
M
has an inductive partial satisfaction class. Theorem A yields the following corollary, which provides a new characterization of countable recursively saturated models of $$\textrm{PA}$$
PA
: Corollary.A countable model$${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
of $$\textrm{PA}$$
PA
is recursively saturated iff $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
has an expansion to a model of $$\textrm{PAI}$$
PAI
. Theorem B.There is a sentence $$\alpha $$
α
in the language obtained by adding a unary predicateI(x) to the language of arithmetic such that given any nonstandard model $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
of$$\textrm{PA}$$
PA
of any cardinality, $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
has an expansion to a model of $$\text {PAI}+\alpha $$

PAI
+
α

iff$${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
has a inductive full satisfaction class.
Assessing the financial impacts of significant wildfires on US capital markets: sectoral analysis
Authors: Tavor Tchai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of significant wildfires from 2019 to 2022 on nine sectors within the US capital markets, utilizing a dataset encompassing 161 wildfires. Employing a combination of parametric and nonparametric tests, alongside regression analysis, the research scrutinizes how capital markets in distinct sectors respond to wildfire events, revealing nuanced effects. In sectors directly impacted, the insurance industry displays sensitivity to fire costs, with explicit country or event mentions correlating with sustained returns. Conversely, the real estate sector experiences diminished returns during prolonged wildfires, while the forestry and timber industry exhibits heightened sensitivity to fire costs, especially when ignited by lightning. Within indirect impact sectors, the health industry shows vulnerability to fire-related fatalities, with subsequent negative correlations with country mentions. In the food industry, fire costs contribute positively to returns, while duration and size yield negative effects. The transportation industry witnesses a gradual decline in returns, escalating with the number of fire days or associated costs. In resilience and mitigation sectors, utilities demonstrate recovery post-wildfires, contrasting with consistent declines in the energy sector. Among interconnected sectors, the travel and tourism industry sees increased returns tied to the number of victims, with events caused by human actions having a more pronounced impact. This research underscores the significance of tailored risk assessment and mitigation strategies, offering valuable insights for investors and policymakers navigating the intricate relationship between environmental events and financial markets.
Changes in Stress Urinary Incontinence Symptoms after Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: a Nationwide Cohort Study (FINPOP)
Authors: Karjalainen Päivi K. , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Wihersaari Olga , Nieminen Kari , Mattsson Nina K. , Jalkanen Jyrki T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisVarious strategies are employed to manage stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. This study was aimed at facilitating shared decision-making by evaluating SUI symptom changes, staged SUI procedures, and their prognostic factors following POP surgery without concomitant SUI intervention.MethodsWe analyzed 2,677 POP surgeries from a population-based observational cohort, excluding patients with prior SUI surgery. The outcome measures were subjective SUI utilizing the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 questionnaire and number of subsequent SUI procedures. Multivariable linear models were applied to identify predictors of persistent SUI, procedures for persistent SUI, and de novo SUI. The primary assessment occurred at the 2-year follow-up.ResultsAt baseline, 50% (1,329 out of 2,677) experienced SUI; 35% (354 out of 1,005) resolved, an additional 14% (140 out 1,005) improved, and 5.1% (67 out of 1,308) underwent a procedure for persistent SUI. De novo SUI symptoms developed in 20% (218 out of 1,087), with 3.2% (35 out of 1,087) reporting bothersome symptoms; 0.8% (11 out of 1,347) underwent a procedure for de novo SUI. High baseline symptom severity increased the risk of persistent SUI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–2.53), whereas advanced preoperative apical prolapse decreased the risk (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.93). De novo SUI was more common with advancing age (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), baseline urgency urinary incontinence (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06–1.38), and after transvaginal mesh surgery (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.24–3.00). It was not dependent on the compartment or preoperative degree of prolapse.ConclusionsIn a pragmatic setting, POP surgery results in a low rate of subsequent SUI procedures.
Understanding adefovir pharmacokinetics as a component of a transporter phenotyping cocktail
Authors: Dong Qian , Chen Chunli , Taubert Max , Bilal Muhammad , Kinzig Martina , Sörgel Fritz , Scherf-Clavel Oliver , Fuhr Uwe , Dokos Charalambos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Adefovir (as dipivoxil) was selected as a probe drug in a previous transporter cocktail phenotyping study to assess renal organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), with renal clearance (CLR) as the primary parameter describing renal elimination. An approximately 20% higher systemic exposure of adefovir was observed when combined with other cocktail components (metformin, sitagliptin, pitavastatin, and digoxin) compared to sole administration. The present evaluation applied a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modeling approach to describe adefovir pharmacokinetics as a cocktail component in more detail.

Methods
Data from 24 healthy subjects were reanalyzed. After establishing a base model, covariate effects, including the impact of co-administered drugs, were assessed using forward inclusion then backward elimination.

Results
A one-compartment model with first-order absorption (including lag time) and a combination of nonlinear renal and linear nonrenal elimination best described the data. A significantly higher apparent bioavailability (73.6% vs. 59.0%) and a lower apparent absorption rate constant (2.29 h−1 vs. 5.18 h−1) were identified in the combined period compared to the sole administration period, while no difference was seen in renal elimination. The population estimate for the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the nonlinear renal elimination was 170 nmol/L, exceeding the observed range of adefovir plasma maximum concentration, while the maximum rate (Vmax) of nonlinear renal elimination was 2.40 µmol/h at the median absolute estimated glomerular filtration rate of 105 mL/min.

Conclusion
The popPK modeling approach indicated that the co-administration primarily affected the apparent absorption and/or prodrug conversion of adefovir dipivoxil, resulting in the minor drug-drug interaction observed for adefovir as a victim. However, renal elimination remained unaffected. The high Km value suggests that assessing renal OAT1 activity by CLR has no relevant misspecification error with the cocktail doses used.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of early-onset and delayed-onset lupus nephritis patients: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kosałka-Węgiel Joanna , Dziedzic Radosław , Siwiec-Koźlik Andżelika , Spałkowska Magdalena , Milewski Mamert , Żuk-Kuwik Joanna , Zaręba Lech , Bazan-Socha Stanisława , Korkosz Mariusz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Lupus nephritis (LN) manifests systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is characterized by various clinical and laboratory features. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of LN patients according to the time of LN diagnosis: early-onset (LN diagnosed within one year from SLE diagnosis) vs. delayed-onset (LN diagnosed more than one year after SLE diagnosis).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from all SLE patients treated at the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland, from 2012 to 2022. We collected data on demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, including histological findings, treatment modalities, and disease outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors impacting LN development and prognosis.

Results
Among 331 LN patients, early-onset was diagnosed in 207 (62.54%) and delayed-onset was documented in 122 cases (36.86%). In 2 (0.6%) LN cases, the time of first kidney manifestation in the SLE course was unknown. Delayed-onset LN had a higher female-to-male ratio and younger age at SLE diagnosis. This group was associated with more severe clinical manifestations. In turn, studied subgroups did not differ in internist comorbidities, kidney histopathology, and family history regarding autoimmune diseases. Delayed-onset LN exhibited a higher frequency of anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-Ro, anti-RNP, and anti-cardiolipin IgG autoantibodies. During a 14-year follow-up period, 16 patients died. Mortality rate and causes of death were comparable in both analyzed subgroups.

Conclusions
More severe clinical manifestations in delayed-onset LN prompt strict monitoring of non-LN SLE patients to diagnose and treat kidney involvement early. Also, recognizing the higher frequency of autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA or anti-Smith in delayed-onset LN underscores the potential value of autoantibody profiling as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.