bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural disconnectivity in postoperative delirium: A perioperative two‐center cohort study in older patients
Authors: Fislage Marinus , Winzeck Stefan , Woodrow Rebecca , Lammers‐Lietz Florian , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. , Correia Marta M. , Preller Jacobus , Feinkohl Insa , Hendrikse Jeroen , Pischon Tobias , Spies Claudia D. , Slooter Arjen J. C. , Winterer Georg , Menon David K. , Zacharias Norman ,   BioCog Consortium
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDStructural disconnectivity was found to precede dementia. Global white matter abnormalities might also be associated with postoperative delirium (POD).METHODSWe recruited older patients (≥65 years) without dementia that were scheduled for major surgery. Diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics were obtained preoperatively, after 3 and 12 months postoperatively. We calculated fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK), and free water (FW). A structured and validated delirium assessment was performed twice daily.RESULTSOf 325 patients, 53 patients developed POD (16.3%). Preoperative global MD (standardized beta 0.27 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.32] p < 0.001) was higher in patients with POD. Preoperative global MK (−0.07 [95% CI −0.11 to (−0.04)] p < 0.001) and FA (0.07 [95% CI −0.10 to (−0.04)] p < 0.001) were lower. When correcting for baseline diffusion, postoperative MD was lower after 3 months (0.05 [95% CI −0.08 to (−0.03)] p < 0.001; n = 183) and higher after 12 months (0.28 [95% CI 0.20–0.35] p < 0.001; n = 45) among patients with POD.DISCUSSIONPreoperative structural disconnectivity was associated with POD. POD might lead to white matter depletion 3 and 12 months after surgery.
Pressure‐Induced Superconductivity and Structure Phase Transition in SnAs‐Based Zintl Compound SrSn2As2
Authors: Cao Weizheng , Wu Juefei , Li Yongkai , Pei Cuiying , Wang Qi , Zhao Yi , Li Changhua , Zhu Shihao , Zhang Mingxin , Zhang Lili , Chen Yulin , Wang Zhiwei , Qi Yanpeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLayered SnAs‐based Zintl compounds exhibit a distinctive electronic structure, igniting extensive research efforts in areas of superconductivity, topological insulators, and quantum magnetism. In this paper, the crystal structures and electronic properties of the Zintl compound SrSn2As2 upon compression are systematically investigated. Pressure‐induced superconductivity is observed in SrSn2As2 with a nonmonotonic evolution of superconducting transition temperature Tc. Theoretical calculations together with high‐pressure synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have identified that SrSn2As2 undergoes a structural transformation from a rhombohedral Rm phase to the monoclinic C2/m phase. Beyond 28.3 GPa, Tc is suppressed due to a reduction of the density of state (DOS) at the Fermi level. The discovery of pressure‐induced superconductivity, accompanied by structural transitions in SrSn2As2, greatly expands the physical properties of layered SnAs‐based compounds and provides new ground states upon compression.
PROTOCOL: Street outreach conflict mediation programs for reducing violence
Authors: Maguire Edward R. , Telep Cody W. , Abt Thomas , Adams Ericka 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: This systematic review will synthesize the available evaluation research on the effectiveness of street outreach conflict mediation programs. The review seeks to answer the following primary question: Are street outreach worker strategies that use conflict mediation and/or violence interruption strategies effective at reducing violence? Assuming a sufficient number of eligible studies, this review will also address two additional questions: Are there certain program elements that render these strategies more or less effective? Are there certain conditions under which these strategies are more or less effective? As policymakers struggle to understand the policy options available to them for preventing and reducing violence, having clear answers to these three questions will help them make more informed decisions. The primary focus of this review is the effect of these strategies on violence. Nonetheless, when data are available we will collect information on secondary outcomes such as the cost‐effectiveness of these strategies and their impacts on perceptual or attitudinal measures such as fear, perceived safety, and violence‐related norms.
Protocol: Strategy instruction for improving short‐ and long‐term writing performance on secondary and upper‐secondary students: A systematic review
Authors: Kalmendal André , Henriksson Ida , Nordström Thomas , Carlsson Rickard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. This review aims to investigate the effectiveness of all types of teacher‐delivered classroom‐based strategy instruction aimed at students in the general population (all students) including struggling students (with or at‐risk of academic difficulties) in ages 12–19 for increasing writing performance. The majority of previous reviews scoped all outcomes presented in the primary studies. This review will solely focus on covering three most common outcomes: story quality, story elements and word count/length.
An epidemiological qualitative/quantitative SWOT‐AHP analysis in order to highlight the positive or critical aspects of dental implants: A pilot study
Authors: Aliberti Silvana Mirella , Funk Richard H. W. , De Stefano Marco , Hoffmann Thomas , Capunzo Mario 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn recent years, dental implants are increasing in popularity due to their high success rate, demonstrated functionality, and aesthetic treatment results. Scientific research is very active in proposing improvements in the quality and survival of implants, taking into consideration various aspects. The objective of this study was to provide a holistic epidemiologic view of the state of dental implants, using a systematic approach based on a multimethod SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and AHP (analytical hierarchical process) qualitative–quantitative analysis to identify the characteristics that can determine their success or failure.Materials and MethodsThe study used the hybrid method of SWOT‐AHP.ResultsAnalysis of the results showed that among strengths, the skill of the dentist was considered the most important factor, followed by the success of dental implants in the old people; among weaknesses, bruxism and chronic diseases were highlighted; for opportunities, biomechanical behavior, in terms of good mechanical strength and good tribological resistance to chemical and physical agents in the oral cavity, were considered the most important factors; finally, among threats, medical liability and biomechanical problems had equal weight.ConclusionsThis study applied a multimethod SWOT‐AHP approach to bring out favorable or critical evidence on the topic of dental implants. In accordance with the result of the strategic vector identified in the Twisting zone Adjustment type section, showed that implant surgery is a widespread technique but always needs improvement to increase the likelihood of success and reduce the complications that can lead to implant failure.
Comparative analysis of essential oil oleogels containing beeswax and sunflower wax with petrolatum gels
Authors: Çokay Hatice , Uzkuç N. Merve Çelebi , Yüceer Yonca Karagül , Öğütcü Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, three different oil (black seed, St. John's Wort, and grape seed oils [GSO]) oleogels, which are especially used in complementary medicine, were produced with natural waxes (sunflower and beeswax [BW]). The physicochemical, textural, thermal, and structural features and volatile composition of the oleogels were determined and compared with commercial petrolatum gels (control sample). The sunflower and BW gels had a higher melting point than the petrolatum gels. Particularly, the firmness values of the fresh sunflower and BW oleogels were close to the petrolatum gels, except for the BW‐based St John's Wort and GSO gels. The firmness and stickiness values of the oleogels and the control samples increased in relation to the storage period. The increase in firmness value was less in the sunflower wax than in the BW and control samples. All sunflower, BW and petrolatum gels exhibited the β′ form. Volatile component data showed that different waxes have different volatile adsorption capacities. As a result, natural wax oleogels produced with various essential oils could be an alternative to similar products used in the cosmetics, pharmacology, and food supplement industries, which are already commercially available.Practical applications: (Oleogels have become a popular technique for structuring oils in recent years. In this way, oleogels are considered an alternative to solid fat such as margarine, butter, and shortening and an oil‐restricting agent against oil leakage in oil‐based foods. Consumers establish a close relationship between their own health and the foods they consume and the cosmetics they use. This situation has led to an increasing interest in natural products. Essential oils (EOs) are used in many fields, ranging from cosmetics to complementary medicine. In this context, essential oleogels produced with natural waxes were compared with the commercial products, revealing their potential for use in both cosmetic and food supplements. EO‐oleogels represent a new approach to the oleogel product range with high commercialization potential for related industries.)
A hybrid neural network model based on transfer learning for Arabic sentiment analysis of customer satisfaction
Authors: Bakhit Duha Mohamed Adam , Nderu Lawrence , Ngunyi Antony 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSentiment analysis, a method used to classify textual content into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments, is commonly applied to data from social media platforms. Arabic, an official language of the United Nations, presents unique challenges for sentiment analysis due to its complex morphology and dialectal diversity. Compared to English, research on Arabic sentiment analysis is relatively scarce. Transfer learning, which applies the knowledge learned from one domain to another, can address the limitations of training time and computational resources. However, the development of transfer learning for Arabic sentiment analysis is still underdeveloped. In this study, we develop a new hybrid model, RNN‐BiLSTM, which merges recurrent neural networks (RNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) networks. We used Arabic bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (AraBERT), a state‐of‐the‐art Arabic language pre‐trained transformer‐based model, to generate word‐embedding vectors. The RNN‐BiLSTM model integrates the strengths of RNN and BiLSTM, including the ability to learn sequential dependencies and bidirectional context. We trained the RNN‐BiLSTM model on the source domain, specifically the Arabic reviews dataset (ARD). The RNN‐BiLSTM model outperforms the RNN and BiLSTM models with default parameters, achieving an accuracy of 95.75%. We further applied transfer learning to the RNN‐BiLSTM model by fine‐tuning its parameters using random search. We compared the performance of the fine‐tuned RNN‐BiLSTM model with the RNN and BiLSTM models on two target domain datasets: ASTD and Aracust. The results showed that the fine‐tuned RNN‐BiLSTM model is more effective for transfer learning, achieving an accuracy of 95.44% and 96.19% on the ASTD and Aracust datasets, respectively.
Bridging the gap: Experimental evidence on information provision and health insurance choices
Authors: Quiroga Gutierrez Ana Cecilia , Boes Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown that individuals do not always make rational decisions when selecting their health insurance, for example, due to the existence of information frictions or mental gaps. We study the effect of specific types of information provision for decision support on health plan choices and test their potential to improve decision quality by implementing a randomized laboratory experiment. We provide personalized and generic aids, differentiate between numerical and visual decision support, and provide one or two optional formats of personalized information. We find that generic aids have no effect on health plan choices while personalized information leads to better choices as measured by several indicators of decision quality. The largest effects were observed for those who “opted in” to visualize personalized information, with immediate and lasting improvements in health insurance decisions. By reducing information frictions, our results suggest that accessible and easy‐to‐use tools can positively impact health insurance navigation, improve decision‐making, and reduce switching costs.
Retroperitoneal low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Authors: Noguchi Takeaki , Suzuki Takahisa , Shibata Yosuke , Koizumi Mitsuyuki , Osaka Kimito , Kishida Takeshi 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionLow‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is an uncommon deep‐seated soft‐tissue sarcoma that occurs rarely in young adults and children. Although surgical resection provides a long‐term prognosis, late local recurrence and metastasis may occur.Case presentationA 44‐year‐old woman with no prior medical history presented with breathing and abdominal discomfort. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a retroperitoneal tumor protruding into the thoracic cavity and pleural effusion on the left side. Tumor biopsy revealed sarcoma. We performed complete resection of the tumor along with part of the diaphragm and replaced the diaphragm with a prosthetic patch. Histopathologic findings indicated low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. The patient experienced no postoperative complications and received no adjuvant therapy. Furthermore, she survived 4 years after surgery without recurrence.ConclusionComplete surgical resection is effective for low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma; therefore, it is important to plan appropriately for complete resection when biopsy reveals malignant findings.
Analysis of missed clinic visits, preferred languages, and telemedicine in a pediatric gastroenterology practice
Authors: Crume Bonnie , Suufi Mohamed , Nabbosa Gloria , Parker‐Hartigan Lori , McBride Ashley , Rufo Paul A. , Crowley McGreggor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated a relationship between socioeconomic disparities and missed clinic visits (MCV). However, the relationship between patient‐preferred language and MCVs, particularly with respect to telemedicine, remains relatively underexplored. We sought to characterize the associations between MCV and patient‐level predictors, including preferred language, in a large single‐center pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition practice.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal cohort study included all missed or completed outpatient visits in the Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Programs at Boston Children's Hospital from January 1, 2016 to May 20, 2022. Univariate and multivariate hierarchical generalized linear mixed models were employed to identify associations between visit‐ and patient‐level predictors and an MCV outcome.ResultsA total of 300,201 visits from 70,710 patients residing in Massachusetts were included. Univariate analyses revealed higher MCV odds for Hispanic patients and those from areas with the highest Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and these odds increased with telemedicine (Hispanic in‐person odds ratio [OR] 5.21 [(95% confidence interval) 4.93–5.52] vs. telemedicine OR 8.79 [7.85–9.83]; highest SVI in‐person OR 5.28 [4.95–5.64] vs. telemedicine OR 7.82 [6.84–8.96]). Controlled multivariate analyses revealed that among six language groups, only Spanish language preference was associated with higher MCV odds, which increased with telemedicine (Spanish in‐person adjusted OR [aOR] 1.35 [1.24–1.48] vs. telemedicine aOR 2.1 [1.83–2.44]).ConclusionsPatients preferring Spanish experience unique barriers to care beyond those faced by other language preference groups, and telemedicine may exacerbate these barriers.
Data extraction for evidence synthesis using a large language model: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Gartlehner Gerald , Kahwati Leila , Hilscher Rainer , Thomas Ian , Kugley Shannon , Crotty Karen , Viswanathan Meera , Nussbaumer‐Streit Barbara , Booth Graham , Erskine Nathaniel , Konet Amanda , Chew Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData extraction is a crucial, yet labor‐intensive and error‐prone part of evidence synthesis. To date, efforts to harness machine learning for enhancing efficiency of the data extraction process have fallen short of achieving sufficient accuracy and usability. With the release of large language models (LLMs), new possibilities have emerged to increase efficiency and accuracy of data extraction for evidence synthesis. The objective of this proof‐of‐concept study was to assess the performance of an LLM (Claude 2) in extracting data elements from published studies, compared with human data extraction as employed in systematic reviews. Our analysis utilized a convenience sample of 10 English‐language, open‐access publications of randomized controlled trials included in a single systematic review. We selected 16 distinct types of data, posing varying degrees of difficulty (160 data elements across 10 studies). We used the browser version of Claude 2 to upload the portable document format of each publication and then prompted the model for each data element. Across 160 data elements, Claude 2 demonstrated an overall accuracy of 96.3% with a high test–retest reliability (replication 1: 96.9%; replication 2: 95.0% accuracy). Overall, Claude 2 made 6 errors on 160 data items. The most common errors (n = 4) were missed data items. Importantly, Claude 2's ease of use was high; it required no technical expertise or labeled training data for effective operation (i.e., zero‐shot learning). Based on findings of our proof‐of‐concept study, leveraging LLMs has the potential to substantially enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data extraction for evidence syntheses.
Hypermobile lateral meniscus: A systematic review of current treatment options
Authors: Vosoughi Fardis , Mafhoumi Asma , Gouravani Mahdi , LaPrade Robert F. , Sherafat Vaziri Arash , Movahedinia Mohammad , Keyhani Sohrab 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe reliable data on the incidence of hypermobile lateral meniscus (HLM) and its clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches are limited. This systematic study aimed to review available treatment options for HLM and the outcomes of each approach.MethodsA systematic search was performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science) to identify studies in which arthroscopically confirmed cases of HLM were treated surgically or nonsurgically, and the required data comprising study characteristics, patient data, treatment approaches and outcome measures were extracted from eligible studies.ResultsTwenty studies with a total of 212 patients (138 males and 74 females) and 219 knees were included. The most frequently reported symptoms were locking sensations, knee pain, giving way and snapping. Treatments used by the studies were: radiofrequency energy in two studies; arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in one study; open surgery in two studies; and arthroscopic meniscal repair in 17 studies. Eleven studies used an all‐inside repair method and an inside‐out meniscal repair was reported in eight studies. Three studies reported the usage of posterior arthroscopy for therapeutic or diagnostic approaches. Evaluation of symptom resolution was the main outcome measurement for which almost all of the studies stated relief of symptoms after intervention.ConclusionDespite the lack of definite consensus about the most appropriate intervention for HLM, therapeutic preference was directed towards arthroscopic all‐inside and inside‐out repair techniques. Although the surgeon's decision remains the key factor in choosing the most suitable treatment option for each individual, posterior arthroscopic meniscal repair may be considered as a better option for HLM treatment according to the findings of this review.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Isometry of anteromedial reconstructions mimicking the deep medial collateral ligament depends on the femoral insertion
Authors: Behrendt Peter , Robinson James R. , Herbst Elmar , Gellhaus Florian , Raschke Michael J. , Seekamp Andreas , Herbort Mirco , Kurz Bodo , Kittl Christoph 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the length change patterns of the native deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL) and potential anteromedial reconstructions (AMs) that might be added to a reconstruction of the superficial MCL (sMCL) to better understand the control of anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI).MethodsInsertion points of the dMCL and potential AM reconstructions were marked with pins (tibial) and eyelets (femoral) in 11 cadaveric knee specimens. Length changes between the pins and eyelets were then tested using threads in a validated kinematics rig with muscle loading of the quadriceps and iliotibial tract. Between 0° and 100° knee flexion, length change pattern of the anterior, middle and posterior part of the dMCL and simulated AM reconstructions were analysed using a rotary encoder. Isometry was tested using the total strain range (TSR).ResultsThe tibiofemoral distance of the anterior dMCL part lengthened with flexion (+12.7% at 100°), whereas the posterior part slackened with flexion (−12.9% at 100°). The middle part behaved almost isometrically (maximum length: +2.8% at 100°). Depending on the femoral position within the sMCL footprint, AM reconstructions resulted in an increase in length as the knee flexed when a more centred position was used, irrespective of the tibial attachment position. Femoral positioning in the posterior aspect of the sMCL footprint exhibited <4% length change and was slightly less tight in flexion (min TSR = 3.6 ± 1.5%), irrespective of the tibial attachment position.ConclusionThe length change behaviour of potential AM reconstructions in a functionally intact knee is mainly influenced by the position of the femoral attachment, with different tibial attachments having a minimal effect on length change. Surgeons performing AM reconstructions to control AMRI would be advised to choose a femoral graft position in the posterior part of the native sMCL attachment to optimise graft length change behaviour. Given the high frequency of MCL injuries, sufficient restoration of AMRI is essential in isolated and combined ligamentous knee injuries.Level of EvidenceThere is no level of evidence as this study was an experimental laboratory study.