bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR‐guided breast biopsy using an active marker: A phantom study
Authors: Werner Richard , Krueger Sascha , Winkel Axel , Albrecht Christoph , Schaeffter Tobias , Heller Martin , Frahm Christian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the advantages of using an active marker (active micro coil) for MR‐guided breast biopsy procedures.Materials and MethodsAn add‐on breast biopsy guidance device used with a standard breast coil was equipped with an active marker. The marker's position was determined with a dedicated MRI sequence. In combination with custom software, the biopsy planning process was reduced basically to defining the target in the diagnostic MR images. Automatic control scans verified the settings of the biopsy guidance device. To measure the targeting accuracy, x‐ray control of the needle placement was performed in phantoms containing 36 small titanium cylinders. The reliability of the procedure was evaluated in 24 core needle biopsies on phantoms. Workflow enhancements were analyzed.ResultsThe root mean square deviation of the needle position from the target perpendicular to the needle axis was 1.25 mm, in three‐dimensions it was 1.35 mm. All targets were sampled successfully. The duration of a phantom biopsy was nine minutes.ConclusionThe use of an active marker can offer advantages for MR‐guided breast biopsies in terms of handling and procedure time as well as accuracy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
USPIO‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for nodal staging in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Curvo‐Semedo Luís , Diniz Mónica , Miguéis Jorge , Julião Maria‐José , Martins Paula , Pinto Alda , Caseiro‐Alves Filipe 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo determine the accuracy of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for nodal staging in patients with head and neck cancer.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract were prospectively enrolled. MRI was performed before and 24–36 hours after intravenous infusion of an USPIO agent, ferumoxtran‐10 (Sinerem; Guerbet, France; and Combidex; Advanced Magnetics) at a dose of 2.6 mg Fe/kg using T2‐weighted spin‐echo and gradient‐echo sequences. Surgery was performed the same day or the day after the ferumoxtran‐10–enhanced MR examination. Based on MRI, selected nodes were surgically removed and directly correlated with pathology using hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) and Perls stainings.ResultsA total of 63 nodes were studied; 36 were nonmetastatic, 25 metastatic, and two inflammatory. Ferumoxtran‐10–enhanced MRI allowed diagnosis of 24 metastatic and 30 nonmetastatic nodes, yielding a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 78.9%, a positive predictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 96.8%, compared to 64%, 78.9%, 66.6%, and 76.9%, respectively, for nonenhanced MRI. Accuracy of ferumoxtran‐10–enhanced MRI was 85.7%. The gradient‐echo T2‐weighted sequence was the most accurate to detect signal loss in nonmetastatic nodes.ConclusionUSPIO‐enhanced MRI is useful for nodal staging of patients with head and neck cancers. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective longitudinal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in adult traumatic brain injury
Authors: Holshouser Barbara A. , Tong Karen A. , Ashwal Stephen , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Ghamsary Mark , Saunders David , Shutter Lori 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether longitudinal magnetic resonance proton spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) demonstrates regional metabolite abnormalities after traumatic brain injury (TBI) that predict long‐term neurologic outcome.Materials and MethodsTwo‐dimensional‐MRSI (point resolved spectroscopy sequence [PRESS]; TR/TE = 3000/144 msec; 10 mm) was acquired prospectively in 42 adults with severe TBI through the level of the corpus callosum 7 ± 4 days after injury. Measurements were repeated in 31 patients six to 12 months after injury. Regional and pooled (all regions combined) mean ratios were compared with control values and then used to predict long‐term (six‐ to –12‐month) neurologic outcome (good vs. poor) using a logistic regression model.ResultsInitial pooled mean N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) ratios were lower (P < 0.01) and choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) ratios higher (P < 0.01) in all TBI patients compared to controls. Ratios from the corpus callosum region were affected most and predicted long‐term dichotomized outcome with 83% accuracy. When repeated at six to 12 months after injury, pooled mean NAA/Cr remained lower (P = 0.03) and Cho/Cr remained higher (P = 0.01) in patients with poor outcomes.ConclusionThe NAA/Cr ratio from the corpus callosum was most useful for outcome prediction. Chronic alterations of metabolite ratios are likely due to neuronal loss and glial proliferation long after injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate mineral dewindtite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří , Weier Matt , Ayoko Godwin A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRaman spectra of two samples of the uranyl mineral dewindtite are presented and interpreted. The observed bands are attributed to the stretching and bending vibrations of the (UO2)2+ and (PO4)3− units and water molecules. The hydrogen‐bonding network in the dewindtite crystal structure is briefly mentioned. The UO bond lengths in uranyls were calculated with empirical relations and wavenumbers of the (UO2)2+ stretching vibrations. These calculations are in agreement with the X‐ray single crystal structure data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beneficial effect of yam on the amyloid β‐protein, monoamine oxidase B and cognitive deficit in mice with accelerated senescence
Authors: Chan Yin‐Ching , Hsu Cheng‐Kuang , Wang Ming‐Fu , Liao Jiunn‐Wang , Su Ting‐Ya 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of yam tuber material [Dioscorea alata L. var. purpurea (M.) Pouch.] on the amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) accumulation, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, cognitive ability and antioxidative defense system in senescence‐accelerated mice (SAMP8). Three‐month‐old male mice were fed with four different diets for 12 weeks: a casein diet (control group) and a casein diet supplemented with either 100, 200 or 400 g kg−1 lyophilized yam. The results of the active shuttle avoidance test showed that the mice fed with the yam‐containing diets had significantly better learning and memory ability than the control group. All yam‐containing diet groups had lower Aβ levels and MAO B activities than the control, whereas the MAO A activity did not differ among the four diet groups. At the 400 g kg−1 level, the yam‐containing diet group showed significantly lower concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), higher total thiol level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the hippocampus than the control, but these values were not altered by the 100 and 200 g kg−1 yam‐containing diet groups. The addition of 200 or 400 g kg−1 yam also lowered the triglyceride levels but not the total cholesterol concentration. These results indicate that lyophilized yam could reduce brain Aβ accumulation, MAO B activity and cognitive deficits and promote the antioxidative defense system in SAMP8 mice. The improvements were in a dose‐dependent manner, possibly because the 400 g kg−1 yam‐containing diet might contain more antioxidative phytochemicals. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Time of flight mass spectrometry applied to the liquid chromatographic analysis of pesticides in water and food
Authors: Lacorte Sílvia , Fernandez‐Alba Amadeo R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) is an excellent technique to determine trace levels of polar and thermolabile pesticides and their degradation products in complex matrices. LC‐MS can be equipped with several mass analyzers, each of which provides unique features capable to identify, quantify, and resolve ambiguities by selecting appropriate ionization and acquisition parameters. We discuss in this review the use of LC coupled to (quadrupole) time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐(Q)ToF‐MS) to determine the presence of target and non‐target pesticides in water and food. This technique is characterized by operating at a resolving power of 10,000 or more. Therefore, it gives accurate masses for both parent and fragment ions and enables the measurement of the elemental formula of a compound achieving compound identification. In addition, the combination of quadrupole‐ToF permits tandem mass spectrometry, provides more structural information, and enhances selectivity. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview on the state of art and applicability of liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐ToF‐MS), and liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QToF‐MS) for the analysis of pesticides in environmental matrices and food. The performance of such techniques is depicted in terms of accurate mass measurement, fragmentation, and selectivity. The final section is devoted to describing the applicability of LC‐(Q)ToF‐MS to routine analysis of pesticides in food matrices, indicating those operational conditions and criteria used to screen, quantify, and identify target and “suspected” pesticides and their degradation products in water, fruits, and vegetables. The potential and future trends as well as limitations of LC‐(Q)ToF‐MS for pesticide monitoring are highlighted. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Excellent response to apomorphine in Parkinsonism with optic atrophy unresponsive to oral antiparkinsonian medication
Authors: Deutschländer Angela , Asmus Friedrich , Marelli Elena , Klopstock Thomas , Gasser Thomas , Bötzel Kai 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTwo patients presented with the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which had developed slowly and progressively. One patient underwent brain imaging of the dopaminergic system, the results of which were compatible with PD. However, both patients showed no response to L‐dopa or oral dopaminergic medication. They also had optic nerve atrophy of unknown etiology. The severe motor symptoms of both patients were conspicuously alleviated by apomorphine delivered subcutaneously. One patient underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, which also proved effective. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Heterozygous PINK1 mutations: A susceptibility factor for Parkinson disease?
Authors: Djarmati Ana , Hedrich Katja , Svetel Marina , Lohnau Thora , Schwinger Eberhard , Romac Stanka , Pramstaller Peter P. , Kostić Vladimir , Klein Christine 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPINK1 mutations cause recessively inherited early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). We comprehensively tested 75 Serbian and 17 South Tyrolean EOPD patients for mutations in this gene and found three heterozygous mutation carriers. Two of these patients shared mutations with their affected relatives, further suggesting that heterozygous PINK1 mutations may act as a susceptibility factor for EOPD.
Diffusion tensor imaging in presymptomatic and early Huntington's disease: Selective white matter pathology and its relationship to clinical measures
Authors: Rosas H. Diana , Tuch David S. , Hevelone Nathanael D. , Zaleta Alexandra K. , Vangel Mark , Hersch Steven M. , Salat David H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAtrophy of cortical and subcortical gray matter is apparent in Huntington's disease (HD) before symptoms manifest. We hypothesized that the white matter (WM) connecting cortical and subcortical regions must also be affected early and that select clinical symptoms were related to systems degeneration. We used diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) to examine the regional nature of WM abnormalities in early HD, including the preclinical period, and to determine whether regional changes correlated with clinical features. We studied individuals in early stages (HD), presymptomatic individuals known to carry the genetic mutation that causes HD (Pre‐HD), and matched healthy controls. DTI indices of tissue integrity were obtained from several regions of interest, including the corpus callosum (CC), internal capsule (IC), and basal ganglia, were compared across groups by t tests, and were correlated to cognitive and clinical measures. WM alterations were found throughout the CC, in the anterior and posterior limbs of the IC, and in frontal subcortical WM in HD subjects, supporting the selective involvement of the pyramidal tracts in HD; a similar distribution of changes was seen in Pre‐HD subjects, supporting presymptomatic alterations. There was a significant relationship between select DTI measures and cognitive performance. Alterations in diffusion indices were also seen in the striatum that were independent of atrophy. Our findings support that WM alterations occur very early in HD. The distribution of the changes suggests that these changes contribute to the disruption of pyramidal and extrapyramidal circuits and also support a role of compromised cortical circuitry in early cognitive and subtle motor impairment during the preclinical stages of HD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Controlled withdrawal of pramipexole after 6 months of open‐label treatment in patients with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Trenkwalder Claudia , Stiasny‐Kolster Karin , Kupsch Andreas , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Koester Juergen , Reess Juergen 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlthough dopamine agonists are becoming first‐line therapy for restless legs syndrome (RLS), few reports describe treatment periods exceeding 12 weeks. Here, 150 RLS patients who had responded to pramipexole during a 6‐month run‐in period (mean dose, 0.50 mg) were randomly assigned to receive placebo or continue receiving pramipexole at an individually optimized dose of 0.125 to 0.75 mg/day for a further 3 months. Patients switched to placebo reached the primary endpoint (a predefined worsening on both the Clinical Global Impressions‐Global Improvement scale and the International RLS Study Group Rating Scale) significantly more often than patients who continued to receive pramipexole (85.5% vs. 20.5%; P < 0.0001). They also reached the primary endpoint faster, in 5 versus 42 days to a Kaplan–Meier survival estimate of 0.85 and 7 versus > 84 days to an estimate of 0.5. Over the total 9 months, clinician and patient ratings of symptoms, sleep, and quality of life identified no decline in pramipexole's benefit or tolerability. The great majority of adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate, and of expected types. Augmentation was considered an AE, but in this population of responders it did not occur. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Rhythmic cortical myoclonus in Niemann–Pick disease type C
Authors: Canafoglia Laura , Bugiani Marianna , Uziel Graziella , Dalla Bernardina Bernardo , Ciano Claudia , Scaioli Vidmer , Avanzini Giuliano , Franceschetti Silvana , Panzica Ferruccio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe here describe a patient with late‐infantile Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) presenting with worsening myoclonus, seizures, cerebellar symptoms, mild mental impairment, and gaze palsy. Electroencephalographic (EEG) –polymyographic examinations showed abnormally high and diffuse background alpha‐activity, enhanced by intermittent photic stimulation. The electromyographic (EMG) showed quasirhythmic myoclonic jerks during motor activation. EEG–EMG frequency analysis (better than jerk‐locked back‐averaging) demonstrated the cortical origin of the myoclonus. Our observations indicate that cortical myoclonus may occur as the main symptom of NPC. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Coordinating outcomes measurement in ataxia research: Do some widely used generic rating scales tick the boxes?
Authors: Riazi Afsane , Cano Stefan J. , Cooper J. Mark , Bradley Jane L. , Schapira Anthony H.V. , Hobart Jeremy C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of four widely used generic health status measures in Friedreich's ataxia (FA), to determine their suitability as outcome measures. Fifty‐six people with genetically confirmed FA completed the Barthel Index (BI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12), EuroQol (EQ‐5D), and Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) by means of postal survey. Six psychometric properties (data quality, scaling assumptions, acceptability, reliability, validity, and responsiveness) were examined. The response rate was 97%. In general, the psychometric properties of the four measures satisfied recommended criteria. However, closer examination highlighted limitations restricting their use for treatment trials. For example, the BI had high levels of missing data, EQ‐5D had poor discriminant ability, and five SF‐36 scales had high floor and/or ceiling effects. Most scale scores did not span the entire scale range, had means that differed notably from the scale mid‐point, and had wide confidence intervals. Effect sizes (ES) were small for all four measures raising questions about their ability to detect clinically significant change. Results highlight the potential limitations of these four scales for evaluating health outcomes in FA and suggest the need for new disease‐specific patient‐based measures of its impact. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Drugs modulating the biological effects of peroxynitrite and related nitrogen species
Authors: Olmos Ana , Giner Rosa M. , Máñez Salvador 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe term “reactive nitrogen species” includes nitrogen monoxide, commonly called nitric oxide, and some other remarkable chemical entities (peroxynitrite, nitrosoperoxycarbonate, etc.) formed mostly from nitrogen monoxide itself in biological environments. Regardless of the specific mechanisms implicated in their effects, however, it is clear that an integrated pharmacological approach to peroxynitrite and related species is only just beginning to take shape. The array of affected chemical and pathological processes is extremely broad. One of the most conspicuous mechanisms observed thus far has been the scavenging of the peroxynitrite anion by molecules endowed with antioxidant activity. This discovery has in turn lent great significance to several naturally occurring and synthetic antioxidants, which usually protect not only against oxidative reactions, but also from nitrating ones, bothin vitroandin vivo. This has proven to be beneficial in different tissues, especially within the central nervous system. Taking these results and those of other biochemical investigations into account, many research lines are currently in progress to establish the true potential of reactive nitrogen species deactivators in the therapy of neurological diseases, ischemia‐reperfusion damage, renal failure, and lung injury, among others. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 1, 1–64, 2007
Retrospective measurement of the diffusion tensor eigenvalues from diffusion anisotropy and mean diffusivity in DTI
Authors: Hasan Khader M. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA simple theoretical framework to compute the eigenvalues of a cylindrically symmetric prolate diffusion tensor (D) from one of the rotationally‐invariant diffusion anisotropy indices and average diffusivity is presented and validated. Cylindrical or axial symmetry assumes a prolate ellipsoid shape (λ∥ = λ1 > λ⟂ = (λ2 + λ3)/2; λ2 = λ3). A prolate ellipsoid with such symmetry is largely satisfied in a number of white matter (WM) structures, such as the spinal cord, corpus callosum, internal capsule, and corticospinal tract. The theoretical model presented is validated using in vivo DTI measurements of rat spinal cord and human brain, where eigenvalues were calculated from both the set of diffusion coefficients and a tensor analysis. This method was used to retrospectively analyze literature data that reported tensor‐derived average diffusivity, anisotropy, and eigenvalues, and similar eigenvalue measurements were obtained. The method provides a means to retrospectively reanalyze literature data that do not report eigenvalues. Other potential applications of this method are also discussed. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using ISO 17799: 2005 information security management: a STOPE view with six sigma approach
Authors: Saleh Mohammad Saad , Alrabiah Abdullah , Bakry Saad Haj 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper is concerned with supporting the use of ISO 17799: 2005 information security management standard for the purpose of providing a ‘common safe environment’ for information services. The paper introduces a STOPE view of the standard, integrating its parts and protection measures around the basic domains of ‘strategy, technology, organization, people, and environment’. The paper also presents an approach for the application of the standard, considering the STOPE view, in a way that emphasizes continuous improvement. The phases of the approach are based on the phases of six sigma DMAIC approach of ‘define, measure, analyze, improve, and control’; the team proposed for the implementation of the work is also based on six sigma principles. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future related and needed work. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element response sensitivity analysis using three‐field mixed formulation: general theory and application to frame structures
Authors: Barbato M. , Zona A. , Conte J. P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a method to compute response sensitivities of finite element models of structures based on a three‐field mixed formulation. The methodology is based on the direct differentiation method (DDM), and produces the response sensitivities consistent with the numerical finite element response. The general formulation is specialized to frame finite elements and details related to a newly developed steel–concrete composite frame element are provided. DDM sensitivity results are validated through the forward finite difference method (FDM) using a finite element model of a realistic steel–concrete composite frame subjected to quasi‐static and dynamic loading. The finite element model of the structure considered is constructed using both monolithic frame elements and composite frame elements with deformable shear connection based on the three‐field mixed formulation. The addition of the analytical sensitivity computation algorithm presented in this paper extends the use of finite elements based on a three‐field mixed formulation to applications that require finite element response sensitivities. Such applications include structural reliability analysis, structural optimization, structural identification, and finite element model updating. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.