bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fed‐batch bioreactor process scale‐up from 3‐L to 2,500‐L scale for monoclonal antibody production from cell culture
Authors: Yang Jeng‐Dar , Lu Canghai , Stasny Brad , Henley Joseph , Guinto Woodrow , Gonzalez Carlos , Gleason Joseph , Fung Monica , Collopy Brett , Benjamino Michael , Gangi Jennifer , Hanson Melissa , Ille Elisabeth 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis case study focuses on the scale‐up of a Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cell line based fed‐batch bioreactor process, from the initial 3‐L bench scale to the 2,500‐L scale. A stepwise scale‐up strategy that involved several intermediate steps in increasing the bioreactor volume was adopted to minimize the risks associated with scale‐up processes. Careful selection of several available mixing models from literature, and appropriately applying the calculated results to our settings, resulted in successful scale‐up of agitation speed for the large bioreactors. Consideration was also given to scale‐up of the nutrient feeding, inoculation, and the set‐points of operational parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide, and aeration in an integrated manner. It has been demonstrated through the qualitative and the quantitative side‐by‐side comparison of bioreactor performance as well as through a panel of biochemical characterization tests that the comparability of the process and the product was well controlled and maintained during the process scale‐up. The 2,500‐L process is currently in use for the routine clinical production of Epratuzumab in support of two global Phase III clinical trials in patients with lupus. Today, the 2,500 L, fed‐batch production process for Epratuzumab has met all scheduled batch releases, and the quality of the antibody is consistent and reproducible, meeting all specifications, thus confirming the robustness of the process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 141–154. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of type of resection on outcome of hepatic resection for colorectal metastases
Authors: Finch R J B , Malik H Z , Hamady Z Z R , Al-Mukhtar A , Adair R , Prasad K R , Lodge J P A , Toogood G J 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Non-anatomical liver resections have become more common in the management of colorectal liver metastases. This study examined survival and patterns of recurrence following surgery for colorectal liver metastases.

Methods
Data were collected prospectively on all patients who had hepatic surgery for colorectal liver metastases at St James' University Hospital, Leeds between 1993 and May 2003, and analysed with respect to type of resection.

Results
A total of 96 patients underwent non-anatomical liver resection, 280 patients had an anatomical resection, and 108 patients had a combined procedure. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the anatomical and non-anatomical groups (hazard ratio 1·14 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·60 to 2·17); P = 0·691). Intrahepatic recurrence was significantly less common in the anatomical group, whereas morbidity and mortality rates were lower in the non-anatomical group. On multivariable analysis, multiple metastases and poorer primary T stage predicted poorer overall survival and a positive resection margin predicted poorer disease-free survival.

Conclusion
Non-anatomical resection can be performed with lower rates of surgical morbidity and mortality than anatomical resection, and does not disadvantage the patient in terms of overall survival.
Androgen deprivation therapy increases cardiovascular morbidity in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Saigal Christopher S. , Gore John L. , Krupski Tracey L. , Hanley Janet , Schonlau Matthias , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of men with prostate cancer has risen sharply. Although cardiovascular disease is the most common reason for death among men with prostate cancer who do not die of the disease itself, data regarding the effect of ADT on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in men with prostate cancer are limited. In the current study, the authors attempted to measure the risk for subsequent cardiovascular morbidity in men with prostate cancer who received ADT.METHODS.A cohort of newly diagnosed men in a population‐based registry who were diagnosed between 1992 and 1996 were identified retrospectively. A total of 22,816 subjects were identified after exclusion criteria were applied. Using a multivariate model, the authors calculated the risk of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity in men with prostate cancer who were treated with ADT, as defined using Medicare claims.RESULTS.Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients who received ADT for at least 1 year were found to have a 20% higher risk of serious cardiovascular morbidity compared with similar men who did not receive ADT. Subjects began incurring this higher risk within 12 months of treatment. However, Hispanic men were found to have a lowered risk for cardiovascular morbidity.CONCLUSIONS.ADT is associated with significantly increased cardiovascular morbidity in men with prostate cancer and may lower overall survival in men with low‐risk disease. These data have particular relevance to decisions regarding the use of ADT in men with prostate cancer in settings in which the benefit has not been clearly established. For men with metastatic disease, focused efforts to reduce cardiac risk factors through diet, exercise, or the use of lipid‐lowering agents may mitigate some of the risks of ADT. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Role of metalloproteins in the clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Scurry W. Cooper , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMetalloproteins are a group of catalytic proteins, which play significant roles in cell cycle and death. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptidases that are capable of digesting extracellular matrix components. They have been implicated in carcinogenesis and recent developments have been made to use MMPs clinically to predict outcomes. In the future, selective inhibition of these proteins and their regulatory pathways may prove useful in anticancer therapeutics. We present a review article on the clinical applications of metalloproteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Metalopanstimulin is highlighted as a putative metalloprotein of interest for those treating HNSCC. Expression of particular metalloproteins has correlation with lymph node metastasis, tumor invasiveness, and overall prognosis in HNSCC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Osteoplastic maxillotomy approach for infraorbital nerve schwannoma, a case report
Authors: Karkas Alexandre A. , Schmerber Sébastien A. , Bettega Georges V. , Reyt Emile P. , Righini Christian A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground.Extracranial schwannomas can readily occur in the head and neck region and rarely involve the trigeminal nerve. As a rule, their treatment is surgical and dictated by the location of the tumor and nerve of origin.Methods.We describe a case of a 14‐year‐old boy with a mass invading right nasal fossa, maxillary sinus, orbital floor, pterygopalatine fossa, and infratemporal fossa. The diagnosis of a nerve sheath tumor was evoked after angiography showed no vascular blush.Results.The tumor was removed through a Weber‐Fergusson incision with subciliary extension followed by maxillozygomatic osteotomy. This approach showed the tumor to be coming from the infraorbital nerve and allowed complete tumor exposure and removal. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma.Conclusion.We describe the osteoplastic maxillotomy approach which we felt most appropriate for removal of the infraorbital schwannoma and discuss other possible surgical options for this type of tumor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
HPV prevalence, viral load and physical state of HPV‐16 in cervical smears of patients with different grades of CIN
Authors: Briolat Jenny , Dalstein Véronique , Saunier Maëlle , Joseph Karine , Caudroy Stéphanie , Prétet Jean‐Luc , Birembaut Philippe , Clavel Christine 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most important event in malignant transformation of human cervical epithelium. We analysed in cervical smears, HPV genotypes with a focus on single/multiple infections, then characteristics of HPV‐16 infections (presence of other genotypes, viral load and physical state) according to the grade of histological lesions. The purpose of this study was to know if these parameters could allow to differentiate histological diagnoses. DNA was extracted from 363 cervical samples corresponding to 24 cases without lesion, 96 CIN1, 92 CIN2, 144 CIN3 and 7 cancers. Our results show that HPV‐16 was predominant and its prevalence increased with the severity of lesions (CIN1: 27.1%; CIN3: 65.3%). In addition, we showed that the frequency of single infections, as compared with multiple infections, increased with the severity of the lesion (CIN1: 25.0%; CIN3: 54.8%). Among HPV‐16 positive samples (n = 170), we found that viral load, determined on cervical samples by real‐time PCR, did not vary significantly according to the different CIN grades. Concerning HPV‐16 integration, the mixed and integrated HPV‐16 forms, already present in women with normal histology, increased to the benefit of pure episomal forms with the severity of lesions (normal cervix: 28.6%; CIN3: 73.8%). Thus, our data raise the question of the viral load as a valuable clinical parameter to discriminate between lesion grades. Moreover, we emphasize integration as an early event in cervical carcinogenesis, increasing with the severity of lesions. Finally, this study underlines the importance of single versus multiple infections linked to the severity of CIN. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral, injected and implanted contraceptives and breast cancer risk among U.S. Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white women
Authors: Sweeney Carol , Giuliano Anna R. , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Byers Tim , Herrick Jennifer S. , Edwards Sandra L. , Slattery Martha L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAssociations between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer have been reported, but few studies have considered associations in racial and ethnic minorities. Data regarding injected or implanted hormonal contraceptives are limited. In a case–control study of Hispanic (796 cases, 919 controls) and non‐Hispanic white (1,522 cases, 1,596 controls) women in the U.S. southwest interviewed in 2000–2005, 49% of Hispanic controls and 66% of non‐Hispanic white controls reported having used OC. Breast cancer odds ratios (OR) associated with OC use within the past 5 years were 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80, 1.84) among Hispanics, 1.28 (95% CI 0.93, 1.76) among non‐Hispanic whites, 1.27 (95% CI 0.99, 1.63) for both ethnic groups combined and 1.53 (95% CI 0.98, 2.40) for estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumors. OC use for 20 years or longer was associated with ORs of 1.50 (95% CI 1.04, 2.17) for both ethnic groups combined, and 2.23 (95% CI 1.17, 4.25) for ER negative tumors. Hormonal contraceptive injections were used by 3.3% of Hispanic controls and 2.8% of non‐Hispanic white controls, OR 1.23 (95% CI 0.88, 1.73). Fifteen cases and 2 controls reported use of a subdermal contraceptive implant, OR 8.59 (95% CI 1.92, 38.39). Associations between OC use and breast cancer in Hispanics are consistent with modestly increased risk among recent users and for ER negative tumors, as observed in other populations. Based on a small number of users of contraceptive implants, a significantly increased breast cancer risk was observed; continued surveillance of implant users may be warranted. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of endometrial cancer in relationship to cigarette smoking: Results from the EPIC study
Authors: Al‐Zoughool Mustafa , Dossus Laure , Kaaks Rudolf , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Gauthier Estelle , Linseisen Jakob , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Boeing Heiner , Schulz Mandy , Trichopoulou Antonia , Chryssa Travezea , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Berrino Franco , Palli Domenico , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Gram Inger T. , Braaten Tonje , Lund Eiliv , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Agudo Antonio , Larrañaga Nerea , Quirós Jose Ramon , Berglund Göran , Manjer Jonas , Lundin Eva , Hallmans Göran , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Bingham Sheila , Allen Naomi , Key Tim , Jenab Mazda , Cust Anne E. , Rinaldi Sabina , Riboli Elio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCurrent epidemiologic evidence indicates that cigarette smoking reduces the risk of endometrial cancer. We examined data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to analyze further aspects of the smoking‐endometrial cancer relationship, such as possible modifying effects of menopausal status, HRT use, BMI and parity. In a total of 249,986 women with smoking exposure and menopausal status information, 619 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified during 1.56 million person‐years of follow‐up. Among postmenopausal women, the hazard ratio (HR) for current smokers versus never smokers was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.53–0.93), while it was 1.75 (95% CI = 1.13–2.70) among premenopausal women at recruitment. After adjustment for risk factors, the HR for postmenopausal women was slightly attenuated to 0.78 (95% CI = 0.59–1.03). No heterogeneity of effect was observed with HRT use or BMI. Among premenopausal women, current smokers of more than 15 cigarettes per day or who smoked for 30 years or more at the time of recruitment had a more than 2‐fold increased risk of endometrial cancer compared to never smokers (HR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.47–4.38 and HR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.04–4.77, respectively). Past smoking was not associated with endometrial cancer risk, either among pre‐ or postmenopausal women. In this prospective study, we observed an increased risk of endometrial cancer with cigarette smoking in premenopausal women. The reduction of endometrial cancer risk observed among postmenopausal women does not have direct public health relevance since cigarette smoking is the main known risk factor for cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chaotic dynamic stabilities and instabilities of hematopoietic stem cell growth plasticity
Authors: Puca Andrew , Russo Giuseppe , Romano Gaetano , Giordano Antonio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe hematopoietic system consists of: (1) a network of stem and progenitor cells of varying degrees of maturity interacting with other cells that possess supportive and regulatory capacities and (2) vascular stem cell niches with supporting stem cells in their self‐renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and mobilization to the circulation. Recent data suggest that selective expression of organ‐specific chemokines promotes the mobilization of bone‐marrow‐derived pluripotent cells, a process that is essential for tissue vascularization and organ regeneration. Despite intensive investigation, the pathways by which mechanical signals are converted to biochemical responses are not completely understood. Recent studies have suggested that chromatin shifts and cell cycle effects stem cell gene expression, and thus results in changes of its surface receptor expression at different points of the cell cycle machinery, therefore changing cell cycle transit. This review will attempt to discuss new approaches to determine the regulation of stem cell growth and differentiation by underlying the significance of the chaotic dynamics of transcriptional networks within a cell, with a combination of chemokines and cytokines in the environment, and mechanical forces, such as; stretch, strain and laminar flow, all involving both cooperation and competition. J. Cell. Physiol. 213:672–678. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and acetylation—triple threat in muscle wasting
Authors: Hasselgren Per‐Olof 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLoss of muscle mass is commonly seen in patients with critical illness and is associated with increased expression of multiple genes controlling protein breakdown. Transcription factors that are activated during muscle wasting include NF‐kB and members of the FOXO and C/EBP transcription factor families. The activity of these transcription factors is regulated by multiple posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and acetylation, providing for a complex and integrated network of regulatory mechanisms in muscle wasting. Targeting posttranslational modifications of transcription factors may prove important in the prevention and treatment of the debilitating consequences of muscle wasting. J. Cell. Physiol. 213:679–689. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of the non‐cellular tumor microenvironment on metastasis: Potential therapeutic and imaging opportunities
Authors: Cretu Alexandra , Brooks Peter C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that the malignant phenotype of a given tumor is dependent not only on the intrinsic characteristics of tumor cells, but also on the cooperative interactions of non‐neoplastic cells, soluble secreted factors and the non‐cellular solid‐state ECM network that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Given the ability of the tumor microenvironment to regulate the cellular phenotype, recent efforts have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense, assimilate, interpret, and ultimately respond to their immediate surroundings. Exciting new studies are beginning to unravel the complex interactions between the numerous cell types and regulatory factors within the tumor microenvironment that function cooperatively to control tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we will focus on studies concerning a common theme, which is the central importance of the non‐cellular solid‐state compartment as a master regulator of the malignant phenotype. We will highlight the non‐cellular solid‐state compartment as a relatively untapped source of therapeutic and imaging targets and how cellular interactions with these targets may regulate tumor metastasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 391–402, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sorting of transgenic secretory proteins in miniature pig parotid glands following adenoviral‐mediated gene transfer
Authors: Yan Xing , Voutetakis Antonis , Zheng Changyu , Hai Bo , Zhang Chunmei , Baum Bruce J. , Wang Songlin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundGene transfer to salivary glands for use in treating both systemic and upper gastrointestinal tract diseases shows considerable potential. Numerous studies in rodents demonstrate that salivary glands can secrete transgenic secretory proteins either into saliva, primarily via the regulated secretory pathway (RSP), or into the bloodstream, primarily by the constitutive secretory pathway (CSP). The purpose of the present study was to assess the sorting characteristics of human growth hormone (hGH), a RSP protein, and human erythropoietin (hEpo), a CSP protein, in a large animal model of salivary gland gene transfer, the miniature pig.MethodsRecombinant serotype 5 adenoviral (Ad5; 1011 particles/gland) vectors encoding either hGH (AdCMVhGH) or hEpo (AdCMVhEpo) were administered to both parotid glands of male miniature pigs by intraductal cannulation. The secretion of hGH or hEpo was measured in both saliva and serum on days 3, 7 and 14 following administration. Detailed serum chemistry and hematological analyses were performed, and the presence of serum antibodies to hGH and hEpo was measured. For AdCMVhEpo‐treated minipigs vector distribution in multiple tissues was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR).ResultsThe RSP protein hGH was secreted entirely into saliva, while the CSP protein hEpo was secreted into both saliva and serum. Most hEpo was found in saliva, but serum hEpo levels were sufficient to significantly increase hematocrit levels in treated animals by ∼10%. Expression of both transgenes was maximal on day 3 and declined to near background by day 14. The amount of vector found in the targeted glands was 100× more than in other tissues.ConclusionsSecretion of transgenic hGH from minipig parotid glands occurred principally into saliva via the RSP, as seen in rodents, while hEpo was secreted into both saliva and serum, the latter presumably via the CSP. Even though hEpo secretion into the bloodstream was not to the extent previously observed in rodents, serum hEpo levels were considerable and the hEpo was biologically active. Ad5 vector distribution was highly restricted to the parotid glands with little vector detected elsewhere. While the results in this large animal model support the established notion that salivary gland gene transfer can be used for treating systemic single protein deficiency disorders, they also highlight differences in transgenic CSP protein sorting between rodents and miniature pigs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computable Riesz representation for the dual of C [0; 1]
Authors: Lu Hong , Weihrauch Klaus 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBy the Riesz representation theorem for the dual of C [0; 1], if F: C [0; 1] → ℝ is a continuous linear operator, then there is a function g: [0;1] → ℝ of bounded variation such that F (f) = ∫ f dg (f ∈ C [0; 1]). The function g can be normalized such that V (g) = ‖F ‖. In this paper we prove a computable version of this theorem. We use the framework of TTE, the representation approach to computable analysis, which allows to define natural computability for a variety of operators. We show that there are a computable operator S mapping g and an upper bound of its variation to F and a computable operator S ′ mapping F and its norm to some appropriate g. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hierarchies of Δ02‐measurable k ‐partitions
Authors: Selivanov Victor L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAttempts to extend the classical Hausdorff difference hierarchy to the case of partitions of a space to k > 2 subsets lead to non‐equivalent notions. In a hope to identify the “right” extension we consider the extensions appeared in the literature so far: the limit‐, level‐, Boolean and Wadge hierarchies of k ‐partitions. The advantages and disadvantages of the four hierarchies are discussed. The main technical contribution of this paper is a complete characterization of the Wadge degrees of Δ02‐measurable k ‐partitions of the Baire space. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degradation Process of Bioresorbable Copolyesters. Microstructure Investigation by NMR and ESI‐MS
Authors: Jaworska Joanna , Kasperczyk Janusz , Dobrzyński Piotr 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: On the basis of NMR and ESI‐MS spectra completely different ways of degradation process for random and block polyesters copolymers have been observed. PGA/PLA copolymers containing more than 50% of glycolidyl units release short lactidyl microblocks more rapidly than long glycolidyl microblocks. In case of PGA/PCL copolymers chain structure before degradation and mechanism of degradation of two chosen samples are distinctly various despite of low content of GG units in copolymer chain (ca.10%) and lack of differences in NMR spectra. ESI‐MS technique can be useful tool, complementary to NMR method in studying the chain microstructure.