bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of dry mouth in a sample of community‐dwelling older adults in Japan
Authors: Ikebe Kazunori , Nokubi Takashi , Sajima Hidenori , Kobayashi Sonoe , Hata Kenji , Ono Takahiro , Ettinger Ronald L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of perceived dry mouth among a group of independently‐living elderly persons in Japan, and to determine its association with general disease, medication, and dental status, as well as its effect on oral function. The study population consisted of participants of the Senior Citizens' College. The subjective sensations of oral dryness on waking and while eating a meal were measured by a questionnaire. The number of usable questionnaires was 1003 or 77.9%. The mean age of the subjects was 66.3 ± 4.2 years, and 53.0% were male. More than one‐third (37.8%) of the subjects reported oral dryness on waking. Only 9.1% of them noticed a subjective feeling of dry mouth during eating. Persons who had at least one of these symptoms made up 41.0%. A multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated the following results: Perception of dry mouth on waking was more frequent among males (p < 0.001), persons who had a low BMI (p < 0.05), and those taking two or more prescribed drugs (p < 0.01). Sensation of dry mouth when eating was more frequent among subjects with a low BMI (p < 0.001) and those who wore a denture in the maxillary arch (p < 0.05). Perception of dry mouth when eating was associated with self‐assessed chewing ability (p < 0.01) and dissatisfaction with speaking clearly (p < 0.05), as well as dental status. However, dissatisfaction with tasting a meal had a significant relationship with the reports of mouth dryness on waking (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that a substantially higher percentage of persons have the perception of dry mouth on waking than when eating, which was associated with medications, being male, and having a low BMI. This perception may influence oral function, especially the reported dissatisfaction with tasting foods.
Periodontal health status and treatment needs among the elderly
Authors: Ajwani Shilpi , Tervonen Tellervo , Närhi Timo O. , Ainamo Anja 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe numbers of dentate elderly are growing rapidly in all industrialized countries, and epidemiological information about their oral health is urgently needed. Our study is part of the population‐based Helsinki Ageing Study (HAS), and this paper describes the periodontal health status as well as the need for periodontal treatment among the dentate elderly born in 1904, 1909, and 1914 and living in January, 1989, in Helsinki, Finland (n = 175). The dental examinations were carried out during 1990 and 1991 at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland. The subjects' periodontal health was recorded by the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) method. The mean number of remaining teeth was 15.1 among men and 14.0 among women, with the mean number of remaining sextants 3.7 and 3.5, respectively. Healthy periodontal tissues (CPI = 0) were found in 7% of the subjects. Bleeding on probing (CPI = 1) was recorded in 6%, and calculus and/or overhanging margins of restorations (CPI = 2) in 41% of the subjects, as the worst finding. Altogether, 46% of the subjects had deep periodontal pockets, 35% with at least one 4‐ to 5‐mm pocket (CPI = 3), and 11% with at least one ≥ 6‐mm pocket (CPI = 4). Overall, 93% of the subjects required oral hygiene instruction, 87% scaling and root planing, and 11% complex periodontal treatment. The periodontal treatment need was significantly higher in men than in women; however, no significant differences were observed among the three age cohorts. The need for complex periodontal treatment was unexpectedly low, probably explained by the fact that there were many missing teeth, especially molars, perhaps lost due to poor periodontal health.
Managing patients on warfarin therapy: a case report
Authors: Aldous Jay A. , Olson Craige J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCoagulotherapy is a common therapeutic regimen most frequently utilizing warfarin. This therapy may have important dental ramifications. An understanding of the mechanisms of action and drug interactions may help avoid problems. Questions commonly arise as to what dental procedures may be safely considered when a patient is on anticoagulant therapy. The coagutherapy level is measured in values of the International Normalized Ratio (INR). Any question about the appropriateness of dental procedures should be referred to the physician prescriber of the anticoagulant therapy. Generally, controlling bleeding is less of a problem than the management of thrombi and vascular occlusion from decreased coagutherapy. A case is presented in which the INR reached a critical value as the result of drug interactions and miscommunication.
A longitudinal study of the association between tooth loss and age‐related hearing loss
Authors: Lawrence Herenia P. , Garcia Raul I. , Essick Gregory K. , Hawkins Robert , Krall Elizabeth A. , III Avron Spiro , Vokonas Pantel S. , Kong Lan , King Tonya , Koch Gary G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between hearing acuity and tooth loss in 1156 US veterans taking part in the Veterans Affairs' Normative Aging (NAS) and Dental Longitudinal (DLS) Studies in the Boston, MA, area. The mean age was 48 years (SD = 8.9), 5.3% were edentulous, and 15.4% had < 17 teeth at baseline. Hearing acuity was determined by puretone, air‐ and bone‐conduction audiometry, and speech discrimination tests at triennial examinations over a 20‐year follow‐up period. Hearing decline was defined as a change from baseline in the average puretone air‐conduction thresholds of ≥ 20 dB at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. The explanatory variables of interest were change since baseline in dentate status (cut points at < 1, < 17, and < 20 teeth), and in the number of teeth lost (linear). Linear and logistic regression models—which controlled for baseline audiological status, age, air‐bone gap, and otoscopic examination at current visit—showed that subjects who went from having ≥ 17 to < 17 teeth had 1.64 times (95% CI, 1.24‐2.17) as high odds of having hearing decline as those with no change in their dentate status. For every tooth lost since baseline, there was a 1.04 times as high odds (95% CI, 1.02‐1.06) for hearing decline, when additional baseline and time‐varying covariates were taken into account in the model.
The oral health of psychiatric in‐patients in South Wales
Authors: Lewis Susan , Jagger Robert G. , Treasure Elizabeth 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLittle information is available regarding the oral health of hospitalized psychiatric patients. The aims of the study were:to quantify the oral health status and identify dental treatment needs of hospitalized psychiatric patients in South Wales; andto compare the oral health of subgroups within the population by their age, psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication use, and length of stay.The total patient population of the hospitals involved in the study was 469, and 326 subjects (70%) took part in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 71.1 years, with 265 long‐stay and 61 short‐stay patients. Forty‐seven percent of patients had a psychiatric diagnosis of dementia, 23% of schizophrenia, and 19% of depressive illness. The examination included assessment of oral hygiene, periodontal condition, and prevalence of caries. The treatment needs of the population were also determined. It was found that 63% of the population was edentulous. The mean DMFT score was 19.1 ± 7.9 (SD). Comparison with the DMFT of the general population showed a similar level of decay, fewer filled teeth, and more missing teeth in the study population. The oral hygiene of the dentate population was poor, and there was little periodontal disease. Treatment needs were mainly for scaling and polishing. There were no significant differences found between subgroups within the population.
Selection of restorative materials for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach: a review
Authors: Yip Hak‐Kong , Smales Roger J. , Ngo Hien C. , Tay Franklin R. , Chu Frederick C.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique or approach for the restoration of primary and permanent teeth has been widely adopted in, but not limited to, developing countries. However, the requirement for the placement of the restorative materials under often less‐than‐ideal conditions imposes significant restrictions on their selection; and there have been very few randomized clinical trials or reports comparing different types of restorative materials and treatments. Although conventional glass‐ionomer cements (GICs) have relatively poor mechanical and adhesive strengths, their satisfactory biological features, ease of use, and low costs are distinct advantages. Most of the published reports of the clinical performance of the newer, high‐strength esthetic conventional GICs specifically marketed for the ART approach have been from short‐term studies. Satisfactory clinical performance has been demonstrated for single‐surface posterior restorations only, over three years. Findings indicate that further improvements in restorative materials are still required for their use with the ART approach, together with further clinical investigations of the remineralization of shallow open caries lesions, as an alternative to placing definitive restorations.
Infectious hepatitis C, hepatitis G, and TT virus: review and implications for dentists
Authors: Lodi Giovanni , Bez Cristina , Porter Stephen R. , Scully Crispian , Epstein Joel B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the past 10 years, hepatitis C and G viruses have been identified, and in the last two years a further parenterally transmitted agent, termed TT virus (TTV), has been discovered. These viruses have a worldwide distribution and frequently cause chronic infection. The purpose of this article was to promote an understanding of these viral agents and their relevance in dental practice. Infected patients may develop a chronic carrier state without clinical disease or may develop liver disease, and may have related oral conditions. Dental providers will see a growing number of patients with HCV/HGV and possibly TTV infection. All of these patients require appropriate infection control measures during dental treatment.
Dental fear in a special needs clinic population of persons with disabilities
Authors: Martin Michael D. , Kinoshita‐Byrne Jamie , Getz Tracy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study reports findings from a survey of dental fear in a special needs dental clinic population. Subjects were recruited from the University of Washington's Dental Education in Care of Persons With Disabilities (DECOD) clinical program (n = 132). Dental fears were assessed using the Kleinknecht Dental Report. Fear levels were examined among patients with differing categories of primary disabilities and between genders, races and educational levels. Some level of dental fear was reported by 43.2% of the respondents, indicating that dental fear may be an important factor in dental care for this population. Gender and educational level were significantly associated with fear levels (both p < 0.05). Significant differences in fear levels were found between individuals with differing classes of disability. Accompanying caregivers also were interviewed (n=72) to allow for a comparison of patient and caregiver perceptions. Both patient and caregiver were interviewed whenever possible to create paired reports. Generally, caregivers significantly overestimated fear levels compared with patients (p < 0.01). However, when scores were compared in matched caregiver‐patient analyses, the fear scores were not significantly different, indicating that caregivers accurately estimated their client's level of dental fear. A regression model including disability group, gender, and years of education was significant for predicting fear level as measured by the Kleinknecht survey (p= 0.02). We conclude that dental fear may be a significant, though little understood problem for a population of persons with disabilities as well as for their oral care providers, and that further investigation is needed.
Diet medications and valvular hearl disease: the current evidence
Authors: Barasch Andrei , Safford Monika M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSince 1997, the appetite suppressant drugs fenfluramine‐phentermine (fen‐phen) and dexfenfluramine have been associated with the development of valvular heart disease. As a result, the drugs have been withdrawn from the market and interim recommendations for evaluation and treatment of exposed patients were issued. However, subsequent studies showed lower prevalence rates for valve abnormalities than were initially reported, and the possibility of such drug‐induced lesions resolving has been raised. This article reviews relevant evidence and discusses concerns for the dental practitioner.
Oral disorders and chronic systemic diseases in very old adults living in institutions
Authors: Maupomé Gerardo , Gullion Christina M. , White B. Alex , Wyatt Christopher C.L. , Williams P. Michele 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated whether oral disorders were associated with chronic systemic diseases in 532 Canadian adults who are old and very old and living in institutions. A brief oral examination documented tooth retention, caries, and periodontal and gingival health. Medical records provided information about chronic systemic conditions. A history of stroke was associated with a higher experience of caries, a higher ratio of decayed‐to‐present teeth, and more gingival and periodontal problems. Participants with high blood pressure, osteoporosis, or diabetes were more likely to be edentulous or to have fewer teeth than participants who did not have these conditions. Participants who had arthritis retained more teeth with age. Participants who had more diseases also tended to have poorer gingival or periodontal conditions, fewer teeth, and higher risk of edentulousness. The associations between systemic diseases and more severe oral disorders may be direct or may be mediated by underlying factors such as health behaviors.
Oral and nutritional status in frail elderly
Authors: Soini Helena , Routasalo Pirkko , Lauri Sirkka , Ainamo Anja 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article describes associations between oral health and nutritional status among chronically ill older adults who were living at home and receiving regular professional home care services. A structured questionnaire, oral examination, and Mini‐Nutritional Assessment were completed for 51 subjects (mean age 83.7 years). Two‐thirds of the sample were edentulous, and one‐third had between 2 and 23 teeth (mean 10.59, SD ± 6.92). Sixty percent of subjects complained of xerostomia, while dentists found only 48% to have clinical signs of dry mouth. More than half of the subjects had stimulated saliva rates of < 0.8 ml/min. Stimulated saliva secretion rates were lower for persons with no functional natural dentition or prostheses (p= 0.012). Subjects assessed their dentures to be more functional than did the dentist (Kappa 0.338). No one was considered malnourished, 47% were at risk of malnutrition, and 52% were well nourished. The dentist's estimation of dry mouth and eating problems were significantly associated to lower MNA scores (p= 0.049 and p = 0.015, respectively). Subjects with a natural functioning dentition had higher BMI scores (p= 0.0485).
Oral health for people with intellectual disability and high support needs: positive outcomes
Authors: Grant Ellen , Carlson Glenys , Cullen‐Erickson Margaret 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study, based on phe‐nomenological approaches, explored and documented four situations in which positive oral health outcomes occurred for people with mental retardation and moderate to high support needs. Strategies and environmental factors that contributed to these oral health outcomes were identified through 10 semi‐structured interviews conducted with ‘key‐players’ supporting the oral health of the people with disabilities. Participants included dental professionals, direct support workers, and other professionals who cared for their four people with disabilities.Common strategies expressed in the interviews included “giving it a go”; maintaining consistency; facilitating positive experiences; taking as much time as needed; respecting and encouraging choice making; timeliness and frequency of dental appointments; communication between support workers, dental professionals and the person with mental retardation; problem solving; assisting the person with disability to learn skills; and desensitisation. Contributing factors in the physical, social, and organizational environment also were identified.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in a patient with penicillin allergy and recurrent bacterial endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Wang Linda , Lopes Lawrence Gonzaga , Oliveira Gianne Cerqueira Leite Rodrigues , Navarro Maria Fidela de Lima , Santos Carlos Ferreira 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBacterial endocarditis (BE) is a rare and life‐threatening heart infection that can be caused by oral microorganisms. Patients with specific cardiac valvular abnormalities as well as those with a history of recurrent episodes of endocarditis are considered to be at high‐risk for developing BE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high‐risk individuals when bleeding is anticipated during dental procedures. Penicillins are the antibiotics of choice in preventing endocarditis, while other medications are indicated for patients with penicillin allergies. This case presentation outlines antibiotic prophylaxis prior to restorative care for a 44‐year‐old man who had a prosthetic heart valve, history of recurrent infective endocarditis and penicillin allergy. Intravenously administered van‐comycin and gentamicin were prescribed due to the patients' level of risk and bleeding propensity. This article was written to raise the awareness of dental practitioners to the antibiotic prophylaxis options available for the treatment of patients with cardiac and associated systemic conditions.
Paraneoplastic epidermolysis bullosa acquisita associated with multiple myeloma
Authors: Radfar Lida , Fatahzadeh Mahnaz , Shahamat Yasaman , Sirois David 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEpidermolysis bullosa acquisita is a rare acquired autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease that clinically resembles other vesiculobullous lesions such as pemphigus vulgaris and cicatricial pemphigoid. Multiple myeloma is the most common plasma cell malignant disorder characterized by a single clonal expansion and increased level of a single immunoglobulin. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita has been reported with other systemic diseases such as lymphoma. In this case report, we present a patient with paraneoplastic epidermolysis bullosa acquisita associated with multiple myeloma.
Assessment of the use of sialogogues in the clinical management of patients with xerostomia
Authors: Chainani‐Wu Nita , Gorsky Meir , Mayer Priscilla , Bostrom Alan , Epstein Joel B. , Jr. Sol Silverman 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of pilocarpine, bethanechol and cevimeline In patients with xerostomia. In this open‐label crossover assessment in 20 patients with xerostomia, a one‐ to two‐week course of each medication with a one‐week washout period was prescribed. Side effects, symptoms, whole stimulated and unstimulated saliva were measured. Each sialogogue was found to increase saliva and decrease symptoms. A mixed‐effects analysis showed a greater increase in stimulated saliva on bethanechol compared to pilocarpine (0.106, p=0.0272). Increased sweating was the most common side effect, experienced more frequently with pilocarpine as compared to bethanechol (p=0.0588) or cevimeline (p= 0.0143). A carryover effect beyond the washout period was seen. Effects on saliva and side effects vary between sialogogues, suggesting a benefit of trials with different sialogogues to determine individual patient preference. The observed carryover effect suggests that intermittent treatment may be an alternative to continuous treatment with sialogogues.
What influences dental students to serve special care patients?
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian E. , Davidson Pamela L. , Carreon Daisy C. , Nakazono Terry T. , Gutierrez John J. , Andersen Ronald M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study examines factors associated with graduating dental students' motivation to deliver services to special care patients. We investigated community context and student characteristics, which would influence potential behavior. Higher percentages of older adults and low‐income residents in the community were positively correlated with interest in serving special care populations. Factors which correlated with individual student characteristics included having a father with at least a college education, a higher number of weeks spent in extramural clinical rotations, preparedness to provide care to disabled patients, and service orientation and socially conscious attitudes. Frail elderly and disabled persons have limited access to dental care, which is compounded by a shortage of skilled dental professionals who are willing to treat these populations. Our findings suggest that interest in special care dentistry is partly conditioned by the dental school's demographic and dental market context. This study is important to dental educators and poli‐cymakers because the challenge of providing care to the “special patient” will increase in the future.
Occurrence of bruxism in a sample of Brazilian children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Peres Ana Claudia Darré , Ribeiro Mariana Ortiz , Juliano Yara , César Marcelo Furia , Santos Rachel Cesar de Almeida 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBruxism has been reported to exist in many children with cerebral palsy; however, only a few studies confirm this fact. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of bruxism in children with cerebral palsy and to relate its presence to the following factors: kind of cerebral palsy, gender, age, dentition, degree of malocclusion. oral mucous membrane trauma, trismus, and number of wear facets on specific teeth. The guardians of 121 children with cerebral palsy between the ages of 4 and 9 years were interviewed and the children were clinically examined. Bruxism was detected in 69.4% of the children and reported by 57% of the guardians. In 4‐and 5‐year‐old children, the rate of wear facets was small. Children with athetosis and spastic tetraplegia had a higher rate of bruxism than all others.
Health benefits and reductions in bacteria from enhanced oral care
Authors: Ferozali Fozia , Johnson Gary , Cavagnaro Andrew 
Published: March 2008

ARSTRACTThis investigation assessed the oral cavity and microbiological status of 36 non‐verbal persons with developmental disabilities. The authors examined oral hygiene interventions aimed at reducing risk factors linked to bacterial colonization and aspiration pneumonia. The findings indicated a statistically significant decrease of potentially pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in total bacteria counts for people receiving oral care via intermittent suction.
Why is periodontal disease more prevalent and more severe in people with Down syndrome?
Authors: Morgan James 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease has been found to be significantly more prevalent and more severe in people with Down syndrome. A series of studies have reported a prevalence of between 58% and 96% for persons younger than 35 years of age. This phenomenon cannot simply be attributed to poor oral hygiene. The etiology of periodontal disease in persons with Down syndrome is complex. In recent years, much focus has been placed on the altered immune response resulting from the underlying genetic disorder. This paper presents an overview of contemporary knowledge on periodontal disease in patients with Down syndrome.