bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holomorphic continuation of generalized Jacquet integrals for degenerate principal series
Authors: Wallach Nolan 
Published: September 2006

This paper introduces a class of parabolic subgroups of real reductive groups (called “very nice”). For these parabolic subgroups we study the generalized Whittaker vectors for their degenerate principal series. It is shown that there is a holomorphic continuation of the Jacquet integrals associated with generic characters of their unipotent radicals. Also, in this context an analogue of the “multiplicity one” theorem is proved. Included is a complete classification of these parabolic subgroups (due to K. Baur and the author). These parabolic subgroups include all known examples of such continuations and multiplicity theorems.
Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using the Lateral Distal Femur
Authors: Harcke H Theodore , Kecskemethy Heidi H , Conklin Dolores , Scavina Mena , Mackenzie William G , McKay Charles P 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Objectives:
To document lateral distal femur (LDF) bone mineral density (BMD) values in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and to examine the potential for these measures to aid in their care.

Methods:
Forty-seven boys with DMD had a total of 82 studies of BMD at multiple sites (whole body, lumbar spine, distal femur). Measures were converted to age-adjusted z-scores and analyzed for ambulatory status, steroid use, and fracture history.

Results:
Bone mineral density z-scores were significantly lower in the whole body and LDF in children who were partially ambulatory and nonambulatory when compared with children who were always ambulatory. With a positive history of fracture, mean LDF z-scores were significantly lower when compared with mean z-scores of children with no fractures. Lateral distal femur BMD correlated with ambulation and fracture better than whole body and lumbar spine BMD.

Conclusions:
The LDF is recommended as a more sensitive alternative to lumbar spine for measure of BMD in children with DMD.
A Woman With Spontaneous Focal Muscle Movements
Authors: Perez Angel S , Bertorini Tulio E , Narayanaswami Pushpa 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

The present case is about a patient who had rolling muscle contractions, which were electrically silent. She was diagnosed as having Rippling Muscle Disease, in her case; this disorder was likely autoimmune associated. RMD can be hereditary, acquired due to de novo mutations, or have autoimmune etiology. Most of the time RMD is associated with myasthenia gravis. Depending of the form of RMD, patients respond to dantrolene and/or immunossupresants.
Where do all the maternal effects go? Variation in offspring body size through ontogeny in the live-bearing fishPoecilia parae
Authors: Lindholm Anna K , Hunt John , Brooks Robert 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMaternal effects are an important source of adaptive variation, but little is known about how they vary throughout ontogeny. We estimate the contribution of maternal effects, sire genetic and environmental variation to offspring body size from birth until 1 year of age in the live-bearing fishPoecilia parae. In both the sexes, maternal effects on body size were initially high in juveniles, and then declined to zero at sexual maturity. In sons, this was accompanied by a sharp rise in sire genetic variance, consistent with the expression of Y-linked loci affecting male size. In daughters, all variance components decreased with time, consistent with compensatory growth. There were significant negative among-dam correlations between early body size and the timing of sexual maturity in both sons and daughters. However, there was no relationship between early life maternal effects and adult longevity, suggesting that maternal effects, although important early in life, may not always influence late life-history traits.
The effect of St John’s wort extracts on CYP3A: a systematic review of prospective clinical trials
Authors: Whitten D. L. , Myers S. P. , Hawrelak J. A. , Wohlmuth H. 
Published: September 2006

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the quality and outcomes of clinical trials investigating the effect of St John’s wort extracts on the metabolism of drugs by CYP3A.MethodsProspective clinical trials assessing the effect of St John’s wort (SJW) extracts on metabolism by CYP3A were identified through computer‐based searches (from their inception to May 2005) of Medline, Cinahl, PsycINFO, AMED, Current Contents and Embase, hand‐searches of bibliographies of relevant papers and consultation with manufacturers and researchers in the field. Two reviewers selected trials for inclusion, independently extracted data and recorded details on study design.ResultsThirty‐one studies met the eligibility criteria. More than two‐thirds of the studies employed a before‐and‐after design, less than one‐third of the studies used a crossover design, and only three studies were double‐blind and placebo controlled. In 12 studies the SJW extract had been assayed, and 14 studies stated the specific SJW extract used. Results from 26 studies, including all of the 19 studies that used high‐dose hyperforin extracts (>10 mg day−1), had outcomes consistent with CYP3A induction. The three studies using low‐dose hyperforin extracts (<4 mg day−1) demonstrated no significant effect on CYP3A.ConclusionThere is reasonable evidence to suggest that high‐dose hyperforin SJW extracts induce CYP3A. More studies are required to determine whether decreased CYP3A induction occurs after low‐dose hyperforin extracts. Future studies should adopt study designs with a control phase or control group, identify the specific SJW extract employed and provide quantitative analyses of key constituents.
T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), CD4+, CD8+ and their CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ subpopulations in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-HIV-co-infected patients during treatment with interferon alpha plus ribavirin: analysis in a population on effective antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Arizcorreta A , Márquez M , Fernández-Gutiérrez C , Guzmán E Pérez , Brun F , Rodríguez-Iglesias M , Girón-González J A 
Published: September 2006

SummaryInterferon (IFN)-α induced CD4+ T lymphopenia is a toxic effect of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-co-infected patients. To increase the knowledge about this secondary effect, we performed an analysis of the evolution of the T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and of their CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ subpopulations during the treatment of chronic hepatitis HCV with peginterferon alpha (pegIFN-α) + ribavirin. Twenty HCV/HIV-co-infected patients, with undetectable HIV load after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were treated with pegIFN-α + ribavirin. TRECs were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ subpopulations were analysed by two-colour flow cytometry. Median baseline CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were 592 mm3 and 874 mm3, respectively. Median baseline CD45RO+ subpopulation was 48% for CD4+ T and 57% for CD8+ T lymphocytes. A progressive decrease in both T cell populations, as well as of their CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ subpopulations, was detected, with a difference between the baseline and nadir levels approaching 50%. The evolution of T cell populations and TRECs was independent of the response to the treatment. T lymphocytes and their subpopulations returned to baseline levels at 24 weeks after the end of treatment, with the exception of the T CD4+ CD45RA+ subpopulation. The ratio of CD4+ CD45RO+/CD4+ CD45RA+ increased from 0·89 (baseline) to 1·44 (24 weeks after the end of the therapy). TRECs/ml did not return to the basal values. In conclusion, a significant reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and of their CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ subpopulations, in HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated with pegIFN-α was observed. Both subpopulations increased after the suppression of treatment, but the CD4+ CD45RA subpopulation did not reach the basal levels as a consequence, at least in part, of a decrease in thymic production.
El Niño effects in the Palmyra Atoll region: oceanographic changes and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) catch rate variability
Authors: HOWELL EVAN A. , KOBAYASHI DONALD R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA generalized additive model (GAM) was constructed to separate and quantify the effects of fishery‐based (operational) and oceanographic parameters on the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) catch rates at Palmyra Atoll in the central Tropical Pacific. Bigeye catch, the number of hooks per set, and set location from 4884 longline sets spanning January 1994 to December 2003 were used with a temporally corresponding El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indicator built from sea surface height (SSH) data. Observations of environmental data combined with the results from the GAM indicated that there is an increase in bigeye catch rates corresponding to an increase in eastward advection during the winter months of El Niño events. A seasonal pattern with higher bigeye catch rates from December to April and a spatial pattern with higher rates to the northeast and northwest of the atoll were observed during this study period. It is hypothesized that the combination of the eastward advection of the warm pool coupled with vertical changes in temperature during the winter months of El Niño events increases the availability of bigeye tuna in this region. This increase in availability may be due to a change in exploitable population size, location, or both.
Distribution of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) larvae and juveniles in the East China Sea, with special reference to the larval transport by the Kuroshio Current
Authors: SASSA CHIYUKI , KONISHI YOSHINOBU , MORI KEN 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHorizontal distribution patterns of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) larvae and juveniles were investigated in the East China Sea between 4 February and 30 April 2001. A total of 1549 larvae and juveniles were collected by bongo and neuston nets at 357 stations. The larvae were concentrated in the frontal area between the Kuroshio Current and shelf waters in the upstream region of the Kuroshio. The abundance of small larvae (<3 mm notochord length) was highest in the southern East China Sea (SECS) south of 28°N, suggesting that the principal spawning ground is formed in the SECS from late winter to spring. Jack mackerel also spawned in the northern and central East China Sea (NECS and CECS, respectively), as some small larvae were also collected in these areas. In the SECS, the abundance of small larvae was highest in February and gradually decreased from March to April. The habitat temperature of small larvae in the SECS and CECS (20–26°C) was higher than that in the NECS (15–21°C), suggesting higher growth rates in the SECS and CECS than in the NECS. The juveniles (10‐ to 30‐mm standard length) became abundant in the NECS off the west coast of Kyushu Island and CECS in April and were collected in association with scyphozoans typical of the Kuroshio waters. However, juveniles were rarely collected in the SECS, where the small larvae were concentrated. Considering the current systems in the study area, a large number of the eggs and larvae spawned and hatched in the SECS would be transported northeastward by the Kuroshio and its branches into the jack mackerels’ nursery grounds, such as the shallow waters off the west coast of Kyushu and the Pacific coast of southern Japan.
Proximate composition and mineral contents of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) breast meat, claw meat and hepatopancreas
Authors: Küçükgülmez Aygül , Çelik Mehmet , Yanar Yasemen , Ersoy Beyza , Çikrikçi Mustafa 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of the breast, claw meat and hepatopancreas of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Samples were subjected to proximate (protein, fat, ash and moisture) and calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium (Ca, Mg, P, K and Na) analyses. Protein, fat, ash and moisture of the breast, claw meat and hepatopancreas of the blue crab averaged 19.05, 0.59, 2.10 and 76.85 g/100 g, respectively. The results have revealed that this species is a rich source of protein, Ca, Mg, P and Na. Claw meat had higher protein concentrations (19.55 g/100 g) than both breast meat and hepatopancreas (18.81 g/100 g). Na was predominant element among minerals analysed. There were significant differences between Ca, Mg, P, K and Na contents of claw, breast meat and hepatopancreas of the blue crab. Information on the nutrient composition is needed to facilitate the processing, utilisation and marketing of blue crab products. Blue crab could balance human nutrition and could be used as an alternative dietary supplement of proteins and mineral matter.
Melatonin Receptors on Ovine Pars Tuberalis: Characterization and Autoradiographicai Localization
Authors: Morgan Peter J. , Williams Lynda M. , Davidson Gary , Lawson Wilfred , Howell Edward 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe functional significance of the pars tuberalis (PT) of the mammalian adenohypophysis has remained an enigma (1, 2). One view of its function is that it acts as an auxiliary gland to support the endocrine role of the pars distalis (PD) (2), as it has been shown to contain immunocytochemically identifiable thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs (1). Many of the cells of the PT are, however, ultrastructurally unique suggesting an independent function for this tissue. Our recent demonstration that the PT of the rat is a major binding site for the ligand iodomelatonin lends further support to this idea (3). We have utilized the highly specific ligand [125l]melatonin, and have demonstrated that it binds exclusively, with very high affinity, to the PT but not the PD of the adult sheep adenohypophysis. These findings support the conclusion that the PT has a distinct role in relation to melatonin action and seasonal reproduction.
Regulation of Basal and Stimulated Prolactin Release in Prolactin‐Secreting Rat Pituitary Tumors*
Authors: Lafond J. , Bouvier C. , Forget H. , Lagace G. , Kaufman S. , Collu R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTo better understand the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of dopamine on pituitary prolactin release, we have utilized an estrone‐induced, benign and dopamine‐sensitive rat pituitary adenoma and two malignant, transplantable and dopamine‐resistant rat pituitary tumors, 7315a and MITW15. Enzymatically dispersed and Percoll purified cells obtained from the three tissues were incubated for 30 min in media with or without Na+ and in the presence or the absence of dopamine and/or various prolactin releasers for evaluating the secretion of prolactin under baseline and experimental conditions. In some experiments, the cells were pretreated for 16 h with pertussis toxin to evaluate the eventual presence and role of pertussis toxin‐sensitive G proteins. Dopamine inhibited baseline prolactin release by adenomatous lactotrophs in a Na+‐dependent manner, but was totally inactive with 7315a and MtTW15 cells. The Ca2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 stimulated prolactin release with all three preparations and its effects were enhanced by a Na+‐free medium. Dopamine antagonized the stimulatory effects of BAY K 8644 with adenomatous and 7315a cells only, even in the absence of Na+. Pertussis toxin pretreatment significantly increased baseline prolactin release by adenomatous and MtTW15 cells and abolished dopamine inhibition of adenomatous lactotrophs baseline hormone release. BAY K 8644, TRH and vasoactive intestinal peptide, stimulated prolactin release by adenomatous cells and this effect was antagonized by dopamine in a pertussis toxin‐sensitive manner. All prolactin releasers, except TRH, were effective also with 7315a cells, and its actions were not blocked by pertussin toxin. The stimulatory effects of BAY K 8644 and vasoactive intestinal peptide on 7315a cells were enhanced by pertussis toxin pretreatment. The results obtained with an almost pure preparation of adenomatous lactotrophs confirm the existence of a dual mechanism of dopamine inhibitory action on prolactin release: 1) a Na+‐dependent action exerted on baseline, and 2) a Na+‐independent action exerted on stimulated prolactin release. They also indicate that both actions are exerted through pertussis toxin‐sensitive G proteins. Furthermore, our results show the presence in transplantable pituitary tumors 7315a and MtTW15 of multiple and diverse anomalies in the regulation of prolactin release probably due, at least partly, to anomalies of one or more G proteins and/or neurotransmitter receptors.
Dynamic Changes in Neuropeptide Y Concentrations in the Median Eminence in Association with Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Rat
Authors: Sahu Abhiram , Jacobson William , Crowley William R. , Kalra Satya P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) release in the rat by a dual action, one in the hypothalamus to excite LH‐releasing hormone (LHRH) release and the other at the level of pituitary gonadotrophs to activate and/or potentiate LH release induced by LHRH. Because NPY produces effects similar to norepinephrine with which it may comprise an excitatory hypothalamic circuit, it was hypothesized that NPY concentrations in the hypothalamus would change in a time‐ and site‐specific manner in association with the preovulatory LH surge on proestrus. Concentrations of NPY in individual nuclei of the preoptic‐tuberal pathway and serum LH levels were estimated by radioimmunoassays in rats during diestrus 2 and proestrus. On proestrus, serum LH levels were basal between 1000 and 1400 h, rose significantly at 1500 h and plateaued between 1600 and 1800 h. Of the five neural sites examined, only NPY in the median eminence displayed marked fluctuations in close association with the LH surge. NPY concentrations were low between 1000 and 1300 h, and rose abruptly at 1400 h (P<0.05) preceding the onset of LH rise at 1500 h. These elevated levels were maintained until 1600 h, during which time serum LH rose to a plateau and then fell at 1800 h to the low range seen between 1000 and 1300 h. In contrast, the pattern of changes in NPY levels in the arcuate nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and medial preoptic area, three additional sites in the preoptic‐tuberal pathway known to participate in the preovulatory LH surge, were markedly different from that seen in the median eminence. In each of these three sites, NPY levels rose significantly at 1800 h from the values at 1000 to 1200 h with a slightly different time‐course of increment. None of these areas exhibited changes in NPY concentrations on diestrus 2; NPY concentrations also were unaltered on diestrus 2 or proestrus in the ventromedial nucleus. The present observations of site‐specific, dynamic changes in NPY levels on proestrus, in a manner previously documented for LHRH, support the hypothesis that a subset of NPY neurons terminating in the median eminence may be a component of excitatory neural circuitry that either independently or in co‐action with the adrenergic system is responsible for the induction of preovulatory LH release.
Differential Response of Lactotrophs and Somatotrophs to a Joint Application of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Thyrotrophin‐Releasing Hormone in the Rat
Authors: Bluet‐Pajot M. T. , Durand D. , Mounier F. , Léonard J. F. , Kordon C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have studied the responses of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotrophin to vasoactive intestinal peptide and thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone added either together or separately under various in vivo (free‐moving, intact animals or rats bearing hypothalamic lesions) or in vitro (perifused anterior pituitary fragments) conditions. Thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone or vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulated prolactin release in all cases and the individual effects of both peptides were additive when administered together. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, but not thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone, induced a growth hormone response in intact rats. In contrast, both peptides stimulated growth hormone release in lesioned rats as well as in perifused anterior pituitary fragments. In that case, the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on growth hormone release was not additive with that of thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone, either in vivo or in vitro. Thyrotrophin release was slightly stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, whereas it responded markedly to thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone. The effect of thyrotrophin releasing‐hormone was not further affected by simultaneous vasoactive intestinal peptide administration.These data suggest that additivity of the effect of second messengers generated as a response to thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone and vasoactive intestinal peptide are specific of the target cell type.
Autoradiographic Study of Binding and Internalization of a Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone Antagonist [D‐Nal1, D‐Cpa2, A‐D‐Trp3, D‐Arg6, D‐Ala10]LHRH by Rat Pituitary Gonadotrophs
Authors: Badr Mohamed , Pelletier Georges 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe binding and intracellular pathway of the radioiodinated luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist [D‐Nal1, D‐Cpa2, D‐Trp3, D‐Arg6, D‐Ala10]LHRH in pituitary gonadotrophs was studied as a function of time after iv injection of label into intact and castrated female rats. In semithin (1 |im) sections, silver grains were exclusively localized over about 10% of anterior pituitary cells in intact animals. In castrated animals, only the large castration cells were labeled. In control rats injected with both iodinated antagonist and an excess of unlabeled peptide, no significant labeling could be detected. At the ultrastructural level, the silver grains were exclusively localized in gonadotrophic cells. The time‐course study showed that 30 min and 60 min after injection a high proportion of the silver grains was associated with the plasma membrane. Six h after injection, an appreciable proportion of the label was found over intracellular organelles, especially lysosomes and secretory granules. These results indicate that the potent LHRH antagonist used in the present experiments binds selectively to gonadotrophs and is subsequently internalized but at a much lower rate than that observed with LHRH agonists. This slow internalization of the LHRH antagonist might be related to the normal endocytic processes which occur independently of receptor activation.
Biogenic Amine and Corticotrophin‐Releasing Factor Concentrations in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Biogenic Amine Levels in the Median Eminence of Normal Dogs, Chronic Dexamethasone‐Treated Dogs, and Dogs with Naturally‐Occurring Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism (Canine Cushing's Disease)
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Palkovits Miklós , Chiueh Chuang C. , Graves Thomas K. , Mezey Eva , Vale Wylie , Krieger Dorothy T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe measured dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and epinephrine concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus and median eminence, and corticotrophin‐releasing factor levels in the paraventricular nucleus. Tissue was isolated by micropunch technique from hypothalami of normal dogs, dogs treated for one week with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/day) and dogs with spontaneous pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Concentrations of corticotrophin‐releasing factor and most of the neurotransmitters were found to be similar between our three groups of dogs. However, we found the mean dopamine concentration in the median eminence tissue to be significantly decreased in dogs with Cushing's disease and in steroid‐treated dogs. Epinephrine levels were elevated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of steroid‐treated dogs.