bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Smart Nanoprobe Based On Fluorescence‐Quenching PEGylated Nanogels Containing Gold Nanoparticles for Monitoring the Response to Cancer Therapy
Authors: Oishi Motoi , Tamura Atsushi , Nakamura Takahito , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA biocompatible, caspase‐3‐responsive, and fluorescence‐quenching smart apoptosis nanoprobe based on a PEGylated nanogel that contains gold nanoparticles (GNPs) (fluorescence quenchers) in the cross‐linked polyamine gel core and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled DEVD peptides at the tethered PEG chain ends is prepared for monitoring the cancer response to therapy. FITC–DEVD–nanogel–GNP shows very little fluorescence in the absence of activated caspase‐3 (normal cells) through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process between the GNPs and the FITC molecules, while pronounced fluorescence signals are observed in apoptotic cells because of the cleavage of the DEVD peptide by activated caspase‐3 present in the cells, which results in the release of FITC molecules. Thus, remarkable quenching and dequenching of fluorescence signals in response to activated caspase‐3 is observed. Apoptotic cells are detected in human hepatocyte (HuH‐7) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), a commonly used three‐dimensional in vitro model mimicking the in vivo biology of tumors, as early as one day post‐treatment with staurosporine, an apoptosis‐inducing agent; while growth inhibition (i.e., change in size) of the HuH‐7 MCTSs is only observed after a delay of three days (i.e., on day 4). This demonstrates the effectiveness of the FITC–DEVD–nanogel–GNP probe as a smart nanoprobe for real‐time monitoring as well as a more rapid assessment of the early response to cancer therapy.
Solid‐State Supramolecular Organization of Polythiophene Chains Containing Thienothiophene Units
Authors: Brocorens Patrick , Van Vooren Antoine , Chabinyc Michael L. , Toney Michael F. , Shkunov Maxim , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain , Cornil Jérôme , Lazzaroni Roberto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe use molecular modeling and the simulation of X‐ray diffraction patterns to determine the molecular packing of a thiophene‐based polymer showing exceptionally high field‐effect mobilities (up to 1 cm2 V−1 s−1). We focus on the organization of the polymer chains in lamellae and the orientation of these crystalline domains with respect to the substrate in thin films. The analysis is supported by XRD and NEXAFS experiments and is complemented by calculating intermolecular transfer integrals, which govern the charge mobility.
A chromosome 10 variant with a 12 Mb inversion [inv(10)(q11.22q21.1)] identical by descent and frequent in the Swedish population
Authors: Entesarian Miriam , Carlsson Birgit , Mansouri Mahmoud Reza , Stattin Eva‐Lena , Holmberg Eva , Golovleva Irina , Stefansson Hreinn , Klar Joakim , Dahl Niklas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe identified a paracentric inversion of chromosome 10 [inv(10)(q11.22q21.1)] in 0.20% of Swedish individuals (15/7,439) referred for cytogenetic analysis. A retrospective analysis of 8,896 karyotypes from amniocenteses in Sweden revealed a carrier frequency of 0.079% (7/8,896) for the inversion. Cloning and detailed analysis of the inversion breakpoint regions show enrichment for interspersed repeat elements and AT‐stretches. The centromeric breakpoint coincides with that of a predicted inversion from HapMap data, which suggests that this region is involved in several chromosome 10 variants. No known gene or predicted transcript are disrupted by the inversion which spans approximately 12 Mb. Carriers from four non‐related Swedish families have identical inversion breakpoints and haplotype analysis confirmed that the rearrangement is identical by descent. Diagnosis was retrieved in 6 out of the 15 carriers referred for cytogenetic analysis. No consistent phenotype was found to be associated with the inversion. Our study demonstrates that the inv(10)(q11.22q21.1) is a rare and inherited chromosome variant with a broad geographical distribution in Sweden. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family letters are an effective way to inform relatives about inherited cardiac disease
Authors: van der Roest Wilma P. , Pennings José M. , Bakker Marian , van den Berg Maarten P. , van Tintelen J. Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIncreasing numbers of individuals are being referred to cardiogenetics outpatient clinics with potentially inherited arrhythmia (ARR) or cardiomyopathy (CM). To inform relatives at‐risk, we ask index patients to distribute “family letters” containing information on the risks, possible genetic and other screenings, and preventive options. We assessed the responses to these letters in terms of referrals to a cardiologist and/or clinical geneticist. Fifty‐six index patients were asked to distribute 249 family letters: 85 in the ARR group and 164 in the CM group. Within a mean follow‐up period of 2 years (range 1–5 years) the number of relatives actually referred to the clinical geneticist and/or cardiologist was 57% (142 of 249). There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the ARR (80%) and CM groups (45.1%). To verify the results obtained from our files at the cardiogenetics department we sent a questionnaire to 52 index patients (response 50%). This showed that 23/26 (88%) index patients had distributed the letters to their relatives and that for 19/23 index patients one or more relatives had been screened. This is comparable with our files, which showed that 57% of relatives of index patients with a potentially inherited cardiac disease underwent screening, particularly in the ARR group. The actual response was underestimated because some relatives were investigated elsewhere or may still decide to be screened in the future. We conclude that distributing family letters is an effective way to inform and encourage relatives to undergo screening for high‐risk inherited cardiac disease. Am. J. Med. Genet. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A premature infant with Costello syndrome due to a rare G13C HRAS mutation
Authors: Piccione Maria , Piro Ettore , Pomponi Maria Grazia , Matina Federico , Pietrobono Roberta , Candela Eva , Gabriele Bruna , Neri Giovanni , Corsello Giovanni 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCostello syndrome is caused by mutations in the HRAS proto‐oncogene whose clinical features in the first year of life include fetal and neonatal macrosomia with subsequent growth impairment due to severe feeding difficulties. We report on a premature male with Costello syndrome due to a rare G13C HRAS mutation and describe his clinical features and evolution during the first year of life. The diagnosis of Costello syndrome may be difficult at birth, especially in very preterm infants in whom feeding difficulties, reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue and failure to thrive are also part of their typical presentation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinnenseide: vom löslichen Protein zur außergewöhnlichen Faser
Authors: Heim Markus , Keerl David , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAm seidenen Faden: Spinnenseiden haben mechanische Eigenschaften, die jene der meisten natürlichen und synthetischen Fasern übertreffen. Wegen der Komplexität des In‐vivo‐Spinnprozesses scheiterte bislang seine Nachahmung durch klassische Spinnmethoden. Die Analyse des natürlichen Prozesses, kombiniert mit Erkenntnissen aus In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen, hilft bei der Entwicklung eines bionischen Spinnverfahrens zur Spinnenseidenherstellung (siehe Bild).magnified imageDie Proteinfaser Spinnenseide ist hinsichtlich ihrer Materialeigenschaften anderen natürlichen und vielen synthetischen Fasern überlegen. In der Natur beruht die Bildung einer festen Faser aus einem löslichen Spinnenseidenprotein auf komplexen biochemischen und physikalischen Prozessen, die in spezialisierten Spinnorganen ablaufen. In diesem Aufsatz wird der natürliche Prozess der Seidenherstellung ausgehend von der Gentranskription über die Proteinverarbeitung bis hin zur abschließenden Faserbildung vorgestellt; ebenso kommen technische Verfahren zur Seidenverspinnung zur Sprache. In‐vivo‐ und In‐vitro‐Befunde auf dem Gebiet der Spinnenseidenforschung bilden die Grundlage für die Gestaltung neuer Proteine und Verarbeitungsstrategien, die die Anwendung dieser faszinierenden proteinösen Materialien in der Technik und der Medizin ermöglichen können.
A Total Synthesis of Norhalichondrin B
Authors: Jackson Katrina L. , Henderson James A. , Motoyoshi Hajime , Phillips Andrew J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVier gewinnt: Vier Schlüsselbausteine für die Totalsynthese von Norhalichondrin B (siehe Strukturformel) wurden hergestellt und anschließend zum Naturstoff zusammengesetzt. Entscheidende Merkmale der Totalsynthese sind eine Achmatowicz‐Oxidation mit anschließender ionischer Hydrierung zum Aufbau von Pyranen und Pyranopyranen sowie die Anwendung der Tandemmetathese zur Herstellung von Pyranopyranen.magnified image
Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Phase Transition of Amorphous to Crystalline β‐Carbonic Acid
Authors: Kohl Ingrid , Winkel Katrin , Bauer Marion , Liedl Klaus R. , Loerting Thomas , Mayer Erwin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhat's the matter? The laboratory Raman spectra for carbonic acid (H2CO3), both for the β‐polymorph and its amorphous state, are required to detect carbonic acid on the surface of the pole caps of Mars in 2009, when the Mars Microbeam Raman Spectrometer lands on the planet. The picture shows a martian crater with ice of unknown composition, possibly containing carbonic acid (image adapted from DLR, with permission from ESA, DLR, and FU Berlin –‐G. Neukum).magnified image
Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters by an Enantiopure Heteroscorpionate Rare Earth Initiator
Authors: Otero Antonio , Fernández‐Baeza Juan , Lara‐Sánchez Agustín , Alonso‐Moreno Carlos , Márquez‐Segovia Isabel , Sánchez‐Barba Luis F. , Rodríguez Ana M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith a sting in its tail: An enantiopure neodymium complex (see scheme) acts as an efficient single‐site initiator for the controlled ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide, forming isotactic polyester. The heteroscorpionate complex was characterized spectroscopically and by X‐ray diffraction.magnified image
A fundamental analysis of continuous flow bioreactor and membrane reactor models with noncompetitive product inhibition
Authors: Nelson Mark Ian , Quigley Joshua Lesley , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe analyze the steady‐state production of a product produced through the growth of microorganisms in both a continuous flow bioreactor and in an idealized continuous flow membrane reactor. The reaction is assumed to be governed by Monod growth kinetics subject to noncompetitive product inhibition. Although this reaction scheme is often mentioned in textbooks, a stability analysis does not appear in the literature.The steady‐state solutions of the model are found and their stability determined as a function of the residence time. The performance of the reactor at large residence times is obtained. Knowledge of the steady‐state solutions and their asymptotic limits may be useful to estimate parameter values from experimental data. The key dimensionless parameter that controls the degree of noncompetitive product inhibition is identified and we quantify the effect that this has on the reactor performance in the limit when product inhibition is 'small' and 'large'. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of low‐molecular‐weight polyacrolein
Authors: Marques Maria de Fátima Vieira , Pinto Patricia Reis , de Andrade Cristina Tristão , Michel Ricardo Cunha 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAcrolein was polymerized in a polar solvent in the presence of terc‐ and sec‐butyl lithium as initiators. Using a low monomer to initiator molar ratio and 1‐h reaction time, cyclic structures were shown to be formed in the main chain of the resulting oligomers. The influence of different monomer to initiator molar ratios on molecular weight and on molecular weight distribution was investigated. Chain‐transfer reactions toward the monomer resulted in lower molecular weights and narrower polydispersions as [M]/[I] increased. The influence of initiator type on the polymer molecular weight was also evaluated. FTIR analysis of the degradation products at different heating temperatures indicated that the oligomers structure is composed of aldehyde, ether, and vinyl functional groups. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Novel thermosets obtained by the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of a functionalized vegetable oil and dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Henna Phillip , Larock Richard C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNew polymeric thermosetting resins prepared by the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a commercially available vegetable oil derivative, Dilulin, and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) have been prepared and characterized. A thorough characterization of the modified oil itself has been carried out to elucidate its structure. Grubbs' second‐generation catalyst has been used to effect the ROMP of the strained unsaturated norbornene‐like rings in the commercial oil. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the resulting thermosetting resins has revealed that glass‐transition temperatures ranging from 36 to −29°C can be obtained when the proper ratio of oil to DCPD is employed. Thermogravimetric analysis has revealed that these resins have very similar temperatures of maximum degradation. Extraction analysis has indicated that all the samples had at least a 20% soluble fraction and that the soluble fraction was composed of oligomers, unreacted triglyceride oil, or both. The effect of the soluble fraction as a plasticizer has also been explored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Surface properties and antibacterial activity of quaternized polysulfones
Authors: Filimon Anca , Avram Ecaterina , Dunca Simona , Stoica Iuliana , Ioan Silvia 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNovel quaternized polysulfones (PSFs) with two ionic chlorine contents were investigated, namely, their morphology and antimicrobial activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on their membranes showed ordered domains, in which pores and nodules of different sizes and intensities were distributed. The charge density of the quaternized PSFs and the history of the membranes formed from solutions in solvent/nonsolvent mixtures influenced the different aspects of the surface images. The adhesion of Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCCC 6538 microorganisms to solutions of the modified PSFs is discussed in correlation with the hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of the studied polymers and microorganisms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of the particle size and acid pretreatments on compatibility and properties of recycled HDPE plastic bottles filled with ground tyre powder
Authors: Colom X. , Cañavate J. , Carrillo F. , Suñol J. J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith the growing emphasis on decreasing the accumulation of the used tyres in land fills, there has been significant scientific and technological interest to provide with solutions to their recovery and reuse. A new composite material based on reused tyre powder as reinforcement and recycled high‐density polyethylene as matrix was studied in this work. The effect of chemical acidic pretreatments performed on the rubber and of the particle size on the behavior of the composite material were evaluated. Powder of reused tyres resulting from industrial grinding processes was separated by sieving in three particle size categories: below 200 μm, between 200–500 μm and over 500 μm. Pretreatments using H2SO4, HNO3, or a 50% mix of H2SO4 and HNO3 were carried out over the rubber before composite preparation. Mechanical tensile properties were evaluated to determine the effect of particle size and acid pretreatments on composite properties. Fracture surfaces of composite samples were also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, all pretreatments improve the mechanical behavior of the obtained materials. This improvement is attributed to the development of a surface of the rubber, more suitable for mechanical adhesion. The effect of the particle size has a stronger influence in the properties of the material than the acidic pretreatments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of amidoximated polyester fiber and competitive adsorption of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution onto this fiber
Authors: Coşkun Ramazan , Soykan Cengiz 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, a fibrous adsorbent containing amidoxime groups was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers using benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as initiator in aqueous solution, and subsequent chemical modification of cyano groups by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in methanol. The grafted and modified fibers were characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XRD analysis. The crystallinity increased, but thermal stability decreased with grafting and amidoximation. The removal of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chelating fibers were studied using batch adsorption method. These properties were investigated under competitive conditions. The effects of the pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration on the removal percentage of ions were studied. The results show that the adsorption rate of metal ions followed the given order Co(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II). The percentage removal of ions increased with initial ion concentration, shaking time, and pH of the medium. Total metal ion removal capacity was 49.75 mg/g fiber on amidoximated fiber. It was observed that amidoximated fibers can be regenerated by acid without losing their activity, and it is more selective for Pb(II) ions in the mixed solution of Pb‐Cu‐Ni–Co‐Cd at pH 4. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The obedience–disobedience dynamic and the role of responsibility
Authors: Passini Stefano , Morselli Davide 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObedience has been thoroughly studied in social psychology, both in its positive and negative aspects. Nevertheless, in these empirical studies disobedience has been considered to be the opposite of obedience and indeed its negation. Instead, some recent studies suggest that if obedience to authority is important in ensuring the continuity of social and group life, disobedience is crucial, under some circumstances, in stopping the authority relationship from degenerating into an authoritarian relationship. In this perspective, disobedience may be conceived of as a protest undermining the legitimacy of authority, or else it can represent an instrument of the community for controlling the legitimacy of the authority's demands, becoming a factor safeguarding against authoritarianism. The aim of the present study was to empirically verify the dynamics existing between disobedience and obedience. The results show that people who attach importance to both obedience and disobedience in the relationship between the individual and society recognize the importance of democratic values and consider themselves responsible for the defence of human rights. Instead, people who only recognize the value of obedience and consider disobedience as a threat to the status quo are more authoritarian, individualistic people. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of brands in the lunch‐box choices of low‐income British school children
Authors: Roper Stuart , La Niece Caroline 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

This research explores the consumer socialisation of children and adolescents from low‐income groups. In particular, the importance of reference groups in cognitive development and understanding is investigated to gain insight into the consumption behaviours immediately before, during and after their 'tweens'. 'Tweens' are defined as 8–12‐year‐olds. To gain a thorough insight into changes in opinion during tweenage years, 7‐, 11‐ and 14‐year‐olds were interviewed in this study. In total 30 children from these three age groups were (depth) interviewed and their discourses were compared to show the development in understanding of brands and peer influence. Whereas previous studies have concentrated on the symbolism behind clothing brands this research looks at the meanings attached to different types of food and beverage brands.

Our interviews suggest peers become more influential to consumption decisions as children move through the tweens and in our study, peer approval replaces family as the main influence behind consumption behaviour. Brand understanding also changes as the child becomes older; children learn how to identify commercial, supermarket and budget brands and attach meaning to these different types of brands. The symbolic meaning of products and brands become more complex during the tween years as children view possessions as material symbols of identity and make inferences about peers based on their consumption choices. This research found that as children become older even simple products change from functional to symbolic items.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring memory for product names advertised with humour
Authors: Hansen Jochim , Strick Madelijn , van Baaren Rick B. , Hooghuis Mirjam , Wigboldus Daniël H. J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Three studies explored the effects of humour in advertising on brand name memory. Study 1 showed that humour impaired memory for products but enhanced memory for advertisements. Study 2 showed that brands that had been promoted in humorous advertisements were less accessible in memory than brands promoted in non‐humorous advertisements. Study 3 separated conscious and unconscious memory components with the process‐dissociation procedure 1 week after the ad exposure. The memory‐reducing effect of humour was found to be due to conscious memory processes alone. Unconscious familiarity was not affected by humour. The results suggest that humour distracts consumers from consciously, but not unconsciously, remembering the brand names.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated double cross validation
Authors: Filzmoser Peter , Liebmann Bettina , Varmuza Kurt 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRepeated double cross validation (rdCV) is a strategy for (a) optimizing the complexity of regression models and (b) for a realistic estimation of prediction errors when the model is applied to new cases (that are within the population of the data used). This strategy is suited for small data sets and is a complementary method to bootstrap methods. rdCV is a formal, partly new combination of known procedures and methods, and has been implemented in a function for the programming environment R, providing several types of plots for model evaluation. The current version of the software is dedicated to regression models obtained by partial least‐squares (PLS). The applied methods for repeated splits of the data into test sets and calibration sets, as well as for estimation of the optimum number of PLS components, are described. The relevance of some parameters (number of segments in CV, number of repetitions) is investigated. rdCV is applied to two data sets from chemistry: (1) determination of glucose concentrations from near infrared (NIR) data in mash samples from bioethanol production; (2) modeling the gas chromatographic retention indices of polycyclic aromatic compounds from molecular descriptors. Models using all original variables and models using a small subset of the variables, selected by a genetic algorithm (GA), are compared by rdCV. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.