bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The developmental cognitive mechanism of learning algebraic rules from the dual‐process theory perspective
Authors: Xiao Feng , Liang Kun , Sun Tie , He Fengqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRule learning is an important ability that enables human beings to adapt to nature and develop civilizations. There have been many discussions on the mechanism and characteristics of algebraic rule learning, but there are still controversies due to the lack of theoretical guidance. Based on the dual‐process theory, this study discussed the following arguments for algebraic rule learning across human and animal studies: whether algebraic rule learning is simply Type 1 processing, whether algebraic rule learning is a domain‐general ability, whether algebraic rule learning is shared by humans and animals, and whether an algebraic rule is learned consciously. Moreover, we propose that algebraic rule learning is possibly a cognitive process that combines both Type 1 and Type 2 processing. Further exploration is required to establish the essence and neural basis of algebraic rule learning.
Tuning the structure of pendant groups in poly(α‐arylTMC)s: A pathway to high glass transition temperature
Authors: Patra Robisankar , Yadav Monika , Anbarasu Manjushri , Manjithaya Ravi , Rajaram Sridhar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAliphatic polycarbonates have been explored as environmentally benign alternatives to aromatic polycarbonates. Improvements to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of aliphatic polycarbonates have been pursued by several groups. We recently showed that attaching a pendant aromatic group to poly(TMC) can enhance the Tg. Also, we have shown that para substituents on the pendant group have an impact on the Tg. Here, we have explored the role of bulky pendant groups and the effect of substituent position on the pendant aromatic ring. We prepared novel naphthalene‐derived poly(TMC)s as well as 2‐Br‐substituted poly(PhTMC). The 2‐bromophenyl derivative showed a Tg of 69.5 °C which represents a nominal increase in comparison to the 4‐bromo derivative that we reported earlier. This suggests that the position of the substituent does not have a critical impact on Tg. With naphthalene derivatives, the increase in steric bulk led to an increase in Tg. Increase of chain length beyond fifty monomer units had a minimal impact on Tg. Finally, when 4‐bromonaphthyl moiety was the pendant group, we observed a Tg of 97 °C. This demonstrates that Tg can be varied significantly by modifying the pendant groups. We have also shown that the 1,3‐diols used in our polymer are non‐cytotoxic.
The potential role of Hypericum perforatum in wound healing: A literature review on the phytochemicals, pharmacological approaches, and mechanistic perspectives
Authors: Farasati Far Bahareh , Gouranmohit Ghazaleh , Naimi‐jamal Mohammad Reza , Neysani Erfan , El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Khoshnevisan Kamyar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSt. John's Wort, commonly known as Hypericum perforatum L., is a flowering plant in the Clusiaceae family that traditionally been employed for treating anxiety, depression, wounds, burns, sunburn, irritation, and stomach ailments. This review provides a synopsis of H. perforatum L. phytoconstituents and their biological effects, highlighting its beneficial therapeutic properties for dermatological indications, as well as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐angiogenic activity in various applications including wound healing and skin conditions such as eczema, sun burn and minor burns also spastic paralysis, stiff neck and mood disorders as anti‐depressant and nerve pains such as neuralgia. The data were collected from several databases as Web of Science PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar using the terms: “H. perforatum L.”, “H. perforatum L. /phytochemistry,” and “H. perforatum extracts/wound healing” collected from 1994 to 2023. The findings suggest H. perforatum L. acts through various mechanisms and plays a role in each phase of the wound healing process, including re‐epithelialization, angiogenesis, wound contraction, and connective tissue regeneration. H. perforatum L. enhances collagen deposition, decreases inflammation, inhibits fibroblast migration, and promotes epithelialization by increasing the number of fibroblasts with polygonal shape and the number of collagen fibers within fibroblasts. H. Perforatum L. extracts modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation were found to accelerate the wound healing process via inhibition of inflammatory mediators' production like interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Thus, H. perforatum L. represents a potential remedy for a wide range of dermatological problems, owing to its constituents with beneficial therapeutic properties. H. perforatum L. could be utilized in the development of novel wound healing therapies.
Improved Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for Low‐Density Parity‐Check Channel Decoding
Authors: Zeng Han , Meng Fanxu , Luan Tian , Yu Xutao , Zhang Zaichen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuantum computing shows promise for 6G networks due to its parallel computing capabilities. In the context of the Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum era, the introduction of hybrid quantum‐classical algorithms like Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) offer powerful solutions to many combinatorial optimization problems in 6G. This paper focuses on Low‐Density Parity‐Check (LDPC) channel decoding and proposes an improved QAOA algorithm assisted by the learning‐to‐learn strategy. We also investigate the parameter concentration phenomenon in QAOA‐based LDPC decoding to assess the rationality. To evaluate effectiveness, a comprehensive numerical expression for the energy expectation of single‐layer QAOA and propose indicators for transfer performance evaluation is provided. Based on simulation results, the similarity in parameter distribution across specific LDPC configurations is investigated. This similarity facilitates the transfer of training outcomes from smaller to larger‐scale problems for optimization initialization, thereby avoiding the need for retraining. This approach offers insights and potential solutions for rapid, large‐scale channel decoding in 6G networks, despite the current limitations of quantum hardware.
Tunable Continuous‐Variable Tripartite Entanglement via Simultaneous and Ordinal Cascaded Nonlinear Processes
Authors: Zhai Muhua , Wen Feng , Zhang Shaowei , Ye Huapeng , Hui Sijia , Liang Yuesong , Zeng Jia , Yang Ting , Zhong Dong , Zhang Yanpeng , Wang Hongxing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultipartite quantum entanglement plays a vital role in both fundamental science and quantum applications. The cascaded four‐wave mixing (FWM) process is an effective method to prepare multipartite entanglement, however, the physical nature of entanglement based on different cascading paths, i.e., simultaneous cascaded FWM (SC‐FWM) and ordinal cascaded FWM (OC‐FWM), has not yet been conclusively determined. In this article, tunable continuous‐variable (CV) triple‐mode entanglement is proposed to be generated by using both the SC‐FWM and OC‐FWM schemes. The simulation results reveal that the absorption/dispersion properties of the two nonlinear processes can be efficiently tuned by varying the optical parameters (i.e., the photon detuning and the nonlinear susceptibility), resulting in triple‐mode CV entanglement with tunable properties. Compared with the OC‐FWM scheme, the SC‐FWM scheme has a broader entanglement bandwidth and a higher degree of entanglement, where the tripartite entanglement region is 4.38% larger than that of the OC‐FWM scheme. Furthermore, these results indicate that the SC‐FWM scheme has a more compact and stable mode structure with better entanglement performance. Such tunable optical triple‐mode entanglement may find applications in specific quantum communication protocols and pave the way for implementing and manipulating multichannel quantum networks.
Multimodal immersive digital twin platform for cyber–physical robot fleets in nuclear environments
Authors: Baniqued Paul Dominick E. , Bremner Paul , Sandison Melissa , Harper Samuel , Agrawal Subham , Bolarinwa Joseph , Blanche Jamie , Jiang Zhengyi , Johnson Thomas , Mitchell Daniel , Pulgarin Erwin Jose Lopez , West Andrew , Willis Melissa , Yao Kanzhong , Flynn David , Giuliani Manuel , Groves Keir , Lennox Barry , Watson Simon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nuclear energy sector can benefit from mobile robots for remote inspection and handling, reducing human exposure to radiation. Advances in cyber–physical systems have improved robotic platforms in this sector through digital twin (DT) technology. DTs enhance situational awareness for robot operators, crucial for safety in the nuclear energy sector, and their value is anticipated to increase with the growing complexity of cyber–physical systems. The primary motivation of this work is to rapidly develop and evaluate a robot fleet interface that accounts for these benefits in the context of nuclear environments. Here, we introduce a multimodal immersive DT platform for cyber–physical robot fleets based on the ROS‐Unity 3D framework. The system design enables fleet monitoring and management by integrating building information models, mission parameters, robot sensor data, and multimodal user interaction through traditional and virtual reality interfaces. A modified heuristic evaluation approach, which accounts for the positive and negative aspects of the interface, was introduced to accelerate the iterative design process of our DT platform. Robot operators from leading nuclear research institutions (Sellafield Ltd. and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency) performed a simulated robot inspection mission while providing valuable insights into the design elements of the cyber–physical system. The three usability themes that emerged and inspired our design recommendations for future developers include increasing the interface's flexibility, considering each robot's individuality, and adapting the platform to expand sensor visualization capabilities.
High‐Temperature Semiconductor CuO/SiC‐Based Catalyst for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zekai , Zhang Ding , Abanades Stéphane , Lu Hanfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis can convert CO2 and H2O into hydrocarbons via solar energy. However, the extremely low process efficiency is a major obstacle to this application. The photocatalyst is considered to be the key factor to raise the overall solar energy conversion efficiency. Much research focused on co‐catalysts, but less attention has been paid on the high‐temperature semiconductor. Herein, a strategy is proposed involving high‐temperature semiconductor to design target photocatalyst dealing with the artificial photosynthesis at high temperature. Based upon this strategy, a CuO/SiC catalyst with single atom characteristic was designed, prepared and the activity of CO2 photoreduction with H2O was tested in a high temperature environment. Above 150 °C, the catalyst activity was boosted and unprecedented performance values were attained. Under the irradiation condition delivered by a 1000 W Xe light and at 350 °C, the obtained yields of CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 were 2041.4 μmol ⋅ g−1, 15.2 μmol ⋅ g−1, and 63.6 μmol ⋅ g−1, respectively. The overall CO2 conversion reached 24.6 % and the maximum solar energy conversion efficiency was 2.3 % without any sacrificed agents. This strategy will be helpful to overcome the current limitations for the industrialization of artificial photosynthesis and accelerate the related research on photothermal catalysis.
Effect of Facet on Local Electron Density of Oxygen Vacancy in Catalysts for Nitrogen Electro‐Reduction
Authors: Cheng Wenjing , Liu Yunpeng , Yang Xiaohui , Yan Shuhao , Huang Gaosheng , Zhang Hong , Tang Zhiyong , Zhou Huiqiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOxygen‐vacancy (Ov) engineering is an effective strategy to manipulate the electronic configuration of catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR). The influence of the stable facet on the electronic configuration of Ov is widely studied, however, the effect of the reactive facet on the local electron density of Ov is unveiled. In this work, an eNRR electrode R(111)‐TiO2/HGO is provided with a high proportion exposed reactive facet (111) of rutile‐TiO2 (denoted as R(111)‐TiO2) nanocrystals with Ov anchored in hierarchically porous graphite oxide (HGO) nanofilms. The R(111)‐TiO2/HGO exhibits excellent eNRR performance with an NH3 yield rate of 20.68 µg h−1 cm−2, which is ≈20 times the control electrode with the most stable facet (110) exposed (R(110)‐TiO2/HGO). The experimental data and theoretical simulations reveal that the crystal facet (111) has a positive effect on regulating the local electron density around the oxygen vacancy and the two adjacent Ti‐sites, promoting the π‐back‐donation, minimizing the eNRR barrier, and transforming the rate determination step to *NNH→*NNHH. This work illuminates the effect of crystal facet on the performance of eNRR, and offers a novel strategy to design efficient eNRR catalysts.
Deciphering Indirect Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia in High‐Entropy Electrocatalysts Using In Situ Raman and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopies
Authors: Begildayeva Talshyn , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Limphirat Wanwisa , Min Ahreum , Kheawhom Soorathep , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research adopts a new method combining calcination and pulsed laser irradiation in liquids to induce a controlled phase transformation of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn transition‐metal‐based high‐entropy Prussian blue analogs into single‐phase spinel high‐entropy oxide and face‐centered cubic high‐entropy alloy (HEA). The synthesized HEA, characterized by its highly conductive nature and reactive surface, demonstrates exceptional performance in capturing low‐level nitrite (NO2−) in an electrolyte, which leads to its efficient conversion into ammonium (NH4+) with a Faradaic efficiency of 79.77% and N selectivity of 61.49% at −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. In addition, the HEA exhibits remarkable durability in the continuous nitrite reduction reaction (NO2−RR), converting 79.35% of the initial NO2− into NH4+ with an impressive yield of 1101.48 µm h−1 cm−2. By employing advanced X‐ray absorption and in situ electrochemical Raman techniques, this study provides insights into the indirect NO2−RR, highlighting the versatility and efficacy of HEA in sustainable electrochemical applications.
Part of the process: Using evidence to shape policy development
Authors: Osborne Cynthia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRigorous research can inform each stage of the policy‐making process, however too often academic research is not shared with policy leaders in a timely or actionable manner, and policies are often made and implemented with incomplete information. This essay describes each stage of the policy‐making process and discusses the types of research and evidence that are most useful at each stage. I draw on examples from my experience founding two university‐based research centers that, in addition to conducting original research, have aimed to translate complex research findings to empower policy leaders to adopt and implement effective and equitable policies.
Talking to young children about race: Using research evidence to move the needle in early childhood educational practice and policy
Authors: Haulcy Dianne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis essay tells the story of a unique collaboration among practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to create and disseminate Early Risers, a podcast devoted to supporting racial equity in early childhood. Early Risers leverages research evidence to debunk common myths about how children learn about race. It showcases evidence‐informed practices for teaching young children about race and racism and for supporting positive racial identity. I share lessons learned about how research can educate caregivers, early childhood educators, administrators, and policymakers on the importance of creating pathways toward conversations about race and racism. Our hope is that Early Risers can serve as a model for researcher–practitioner–policymaker collaboration to innovate and “wake up” the early childhood field.
Integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis provides key insights into lipid content changes during pecan (Carya illinoensis) fruit development
Authors: Yang Ruifeng , Chen Hongyi , Zhang Da , Zhang Qixiang , Huang Youjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] are highly valued for their abundance of quality healthy lipids, positively impacting human health and making themselves a preferred choice for nutritionally rich foods. However, a comprehensive understanding of the high‐resolution characteristics of pecan fruit lipid composition and its dynamic changes, as well as the transfer between embryo and pericarp during development, remains incomplete. In this study, through integrated multi‐omics analysis, we observed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in lipid changes between the pericarp and embryo. It showed smaller fluctuations and more stable lipid levels in the pericarp while exhibiting a dynamic pattern of initially increasing and then decreasing lipid content in the embryo. In this study, a total of 52 differentially expressed genes were identified, related to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism pathways in the two tissues, with changes in oleic acid and linoleic acid composition being the primary features of the embryo. This research lays the foundation for further understanding the differential regulation mechanisms of lipid metabolism between embryo and pericarp. Overall, this study filled the knowledge gap regarding dynamic changes in pericarp lipid metabolites, provided crucial insights into the lipid metabolism network during pecan fruit development, and established a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of pecan crops.
The hidden struggle of overworked urology residents “the hour”: The overlooked burnout, a narrative review
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBurnout is a growing concern across numerous professions and industries worldwide. It has increased for many people since the onset of COVID‐19 due to the stress, uncertainty, and changes brought on by the pandemic. Burnout is also a significant issue in the field of medicine, particularly urology, where residents face long working hours and high workloads, leading to physical and mental health problems, as well as limited opportunities for rest and rejuvenation. This alarming trend highlights the need for more effective measures to address burnout and promote employee well‐being and job satisfaction. A thorough search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to obtain pertinent articles using relevant keywords. Retrieved articles were screened for relevance, with duplicates and irrelevant articles excluded. Thematic and critical review analysis was conducted on chosen articles, identifying key themes and contributing factors related to burnout in urology residents. The hidden struggle of overworked urology residents and their overlooked burnout represents a complex issue that requires systemic change and individual‐level interventions. Organizations must prioritize employee well‐being by providing adequate support and resources for managing burnout. Additionally, promoting effective leadership practices that prioritize resident well‐being over any personal or institution recognitions or gains is crucial. These steps will improve the quality of care while mitigating negative outcomes for residents.
Synthesis of indium oxide nanofibers using electrospinning method towards gas sensor application
Authors: Tan Nguyen Huy , Phu Le Tran Ngoc , Van Duc Tran , Nhi Dinh Le Thao , Nga Dao Thuy , Le Dang Thi Thanh , Khanh Hoang Quoc , Hoa Nguyen Duc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndium oxide nanofibers (NFs) were synthesized through a two‐step process involving electrospinning followed by calcination. The structural, microstructural, morphological, and elemental characteristics were thoroughly analyzed using techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping. The characterization of the In2O3 NFs revealed their consistent thickness, structural integrity, and high purity. The nanofibers revealed a uniform diameter spanning from 20 to 50 nm. Upon subjecting the as‐spun nanofibers to heat treatment at 500 °C for 2 h, elongated In2O3 nanofibers containing necked nanoparticles were successfully obtained. The first tests of ammonia sensing were done from 250 to 450 °C; the In2O3 NFs sensor presented a good response of 2.05–100 ppm NH3 at an operation temperature of 300 °C.
Ehrenamtliche Bürgermeister im regionalen Vergleich
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gehne David H. , Süß Louisa Anna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungWie im vorherigen Kapitel deutlich geworden ist, haben die Länder in Deutschland hinsichtlich der Frage, ob Bürgermeister ehrenamtlich oder hauptamtlich ihr Amt ausüben, verschiedene Pfade beschritten. Die Beschreibung des rechtlichen Rahmens alleine klärt noch nicht die quantitative Dimension der Ehrenamtlichkeit von Bürgermeistern, da es in einigen Ländern zwar auf die Einwohnerzahl bezogene Regeln für die Ehrenamtlichkeit gibt, aber auch Optionsregelungen, die es Gemeinden unter bestimmten Bedingungen erlauben, sich für Ehren- oder Hauptamtlichkeit ihrer Bürgermeister zu entscheiden. Im folgenden Abschnitt wird im Ländervergleich dargestellt, wie viele eBm es in den Ländern zum Stichtag 30.09.2021 gab und visualisiert, wie sie sich regional verteilten. Dabei handelt es sich außerdem um die Beschreibung der Grundgesamtheit, also der Gesamtzahl der eBm in Deutschland, die vor der Befragung ermittelt werden musste, um beispielsweise den Rücklauf der Befragung zu berechnen (vgl. Kap. 5). Weiterhin sollte geklärt werden, welche Bedeutung eBm für den ländlichen Raum in Deutschland haben. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wird im Weiteren auf die Typologie ländlicher Räume des Thünen-Instituts zurückgegriffen (vgl. https://www.landatlas.de/ 31.05.2023).
Sp(6, Z) modular symmetry in flavor structures: quark flavor models and Siegel modular forms for $$\widetilde{\Delta }\left(96\right)$$
Authors: Kikuchi Shota , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nasu Kaito , Takada Shohei , Uchida Hikaru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study an approach to construct Siegel modular forms from Sp(6, Z). Zero-mode wave functions on T6 with magnetic flux background behave Siegel modular forms at the origin. Then T-symmetries partially break depending on the form of background magnetic flux. We study the background such that three T-symmetries TI, TII and TIII as well as the S-symmetry remain. Consequently, we obtain Siegel modular forms with three moduli parameters (ω1, ω2, ω3), which are multiplets of finite modular groups. We show several examples. As one of examples, we study Siegel modular forms for $$\widetilde{\Delta }\left(96\right)$$ in detail. Then, as a phenomenological applicantion, we study quark flavor models using Siegel modular forms for $$\widetilde{\Delta }\left(96\right)$$. Around the cusp, ω1 = i∞, the Siegel modular forms have hierarchical values depending on their TI-charges. We show the deviation of ω1 from the cusp can generate large quark mass hierarchies without fine-tuning. Furthermore CP violation is induced by deviation of ω2 from imaginary axis.