bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cationic Polyrotaxanes Effectively Inhibit Uptake via Carnitine/Organic Cationic Transporters without Cytotoxicity
Authors: Utsunomiya Hideto , Katoono Ryo , Yui Nobuhiko , Sugiura Tomoko , Kubo Yoshiyuki , Kato Yukio , Tsuji Akira 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe examined the inhibitory effect of cationic polyrotaxanes, which consist ofα‐cyclodextrins threaded on a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain, on the activity of the intestinal carnitine/organic cation transporter, OCTN2, in OCTN2 gene‐transfected HEK293/PDZK1 cells. The cationic polyrotaxanes effectively inhibited the OCTN2‐mediated carnitine transport. Polyrotaxanes with a longer PEG chain exhibited a greater inhibitory effect, possibly owing to multivalent interactions with binding sites on OCTN2. These cationic polyrotaxanes were far less cytotoxic than conventional polycations, and are therefore interesting candidates as low‐toxicity inhibitors of cation transport at cell surfaces.magnified image
pH‐Switchable Complexation between Double Hydrophilic Heteroarm Star Copolymers and a Cationic Block Polyelectrolyte
Authors: Ge Zhishen , Xu Jian , Wu Danlu , Narain Ravin , Liu Shiyong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDouble hydrophilic heteroarm star copolymers of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were synthesized via atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using the “in‐out” method. The synthesis consisted of three steps. Namely, ATRP was applied to the preparation of a star macroinitiator with PEO arms and a cross‐linked core resulting from the polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) in the first step, chain extension with tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBMA) under ATRP conditions, and subsequent hydrolysis of the tert‐butyl groups afforded (PEO)n‐PDVB‐(PMAA)n heteroarm star copolymers with a cross‐linked microgel core. This novel type of double hydrophilic heteroarm star copolymer can be considered as unimolecular micelles with hybrid coronas. The star copolymers exhibited pH‐dependent solubility in water, being soluble at high pH and insoluble at low pH, due to the formation of hydrogen‐bonded complexes between the PEO and PMAA arms. A mixed solution of the heteroarm star copolymer and a PEO‐b‐PQDMA diblock copolymer, where PQDMA is poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) fully quaternized with methyl iodide, remained stable in the whole pH range, and exhibited an intriguing pH‐switchable complexation behavior accompanied with structural rearrangement.magnified image
Regression of symptoms after selective iron chelation therapy in a case of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Authors: Forni Gian Luca , Balocco Manuela , Cremonesi Laura , Abbruzzese Giovanni , Parodi Roberto Carlo , Marchese Roberta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report the results of iron chelating treatment with deferiprone in a 61‐year‐old woman with signs and symptoms of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). After 6 months of therapy the patient's gait had improved and a reduction in the incidence of choreic dyskinesias was observed. Her gait returned to normal after an additional 2 months of therapy, at which time there was a further reduction in involuntary movements and a partial resolution of the blepharospasm. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The Self‐report Standardized Assessment of Personality‐abbreviated Scale: Preliminary results of a brief screening test for personality disorders
Authors: Germans Sara , Van Heck Guus L. , Moran Paul , Hodiamont Paul P.G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective The internal consistency, test–retest reliability and validity of the Self‐report Standardized Assessment of Personality‐abbreviated Scale (SAPAS‐SR) as a screening instrument for personality disorders were studied in a random sample of 195 Dutch psychiatric outpatients, using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM‐IV Personality Disorders (SCID‐II) as a gold standard.Method All patients completed a self‐report version of the SAPAS. One week later, they were interviewed with the SCID‐II. Two weeks later, the SAPAS‐SR was re‐administered.Results According to the SCID‐II, 97 patients (50%) were suffering from a personality disorder. The SAPAS‐SR correctly classified 81% of all participants. Sensitivity (0.83) and specificity (0.80) were slightly lower compared with the original English version. This difference may be explained by the lower prevalence and severity of personality disorders in the study population.Conclusion The results provide evidence for the usefulness of the SAPAS as a self‐administered instrument for screening personality disorders in clinical populations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oleum and Chlorosulfonic acid spill tests—preliminary field data for model validation
Authors: Dharmavaram S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOleums are mixtures of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid and are produced in several strengths. Chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) is formed by reacting sulfur trioxide with hydrochloric acid (HCl). These chemicals are used as sulfating and sulfonating agents in many applications. When accidentally released from vessels or pipes, they react instantaneously with water available from all sources like atmosphere, concrete, soil, and so forth, to form a fine acid mist that disperses downwind, based on atmospheric conditions. Unlike most other chemicals, the vaporization of sulfur trioxide from oleum spills depends not just on its partial pressure, but a variety of conditions. Complex chemical reaction and heat generation that occur in the liquid phase determine the amount of sulfur trioxide released above a pool of liquid. The sulfur trioxide or CSA vapors then react instantaneously with the moisture in the atmosphere generating sulfuric acid and/or HCl and heat. Water and/or foam are used effectively in mitigating oleum and CSA spills. However, very limited laboratory or field data are currently available that describe the complex behavior of these chemicals. Several theoretical models have been developed to predict the vaporization and dispersion of the chemical upon loss of containment. These models and methods have not been validated. In this article, details are provided on field tests conducted in Nevada in 2003 and 2006 for spills of 65% oleum and CSA. A description of the spill mitigation, field measurement methods, and some preliminary results are included. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2008
Local stray fields and magnetization reversal process of the FePrB sintered magnets
Authors: Sazonov S. N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Erratum contains minor technical corrections on pages 3827 and 3829 of the article by S. N. Sazonov [phys. stat. sol. (a) 203, 3824 (2006)]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Liquid phase epitaxy of GaN on MOCVD GaN/sapphire and HVPE free‐standing substrates under high nitrogen pressure
Authors: Bockowski M. , Strak P. , Kempisty P. , Grzegory I. , Lucznik B. , Krukowski S. , Porowski S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractResults of liquid phase epitaxy of GaN on MOCVD sapphire/GaN and HVPE free‐standing GaN substrates by high pressure solution method are presented. The finite element calculation using experimentally measured temperatures is used for modeling the convective transport in the liquid gallium. The influence of a baffle and thermal conductivity of the various seeds for convection in liquid metal is analyzed in details. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of single crystalline GaN from chlorine‐free gas phase
Authors: Rost H.‐J. , Siche D. , Böttcher K. , Gogova D. , Fornari R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis work is focused on the development of GaN bulk growth to overcome some limits of the established HVPE method. Evaporated Ga is transported by a carrier gas to the substrate where it reacts with atomic nitrogen from the ammonia decomposition to form GaN at temperatures of 1000–1200°C and pressures of 200–800 hPa. To prove the methods potential, 1 mm thick polycrystalline layers were deposited on the substrate holder with rates up to 50 µmh‐1. Numerical simulations of temperature‐, flow‐ and concentration field of the gas species were used to optimize crucible geometry and growth regime. It was experimentally found that in addition to temperature, total pressure and ammonia flow other parameters like source composition; crucible material and flow conditions near the substrate may affect seeding, growth rate and layer quality. First epitaxial layers up to 280 µm thickness were successfully grown on different bulk and template substrates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultra‐thin InGaN photodetectors for standing wave interferometry
Authors: Hauguth‐Frank S. , Lebedev V. , Büchner H.‐J. , Jäger G. , Ambacher O. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this work, we report on the fabrication as well as on the structural and optoelectronical characterisation of ultra‐thin In‐rich InxGa1–xN (0.56 < x < 1) metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodetectors designed for standing wave intensity profile measurements at the wavelength of He‐Ne laser. In particular, In0.64Ga0.36N/GaN structures have shown a short time response close to the RC time constant of ∼0.6 μs at low fields, with transparency of more than 77%. Structural analysis of InB0.64BGaB0.36BN layer showed no phase separation phenomena. However, a large biaxial strain and a gradient in the In content along the c‐axis have been observed driven by enormous biaxial strain in the heterostructure. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOVPE growth and investigation of AlInN/AlN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Mauder C. , Khoshroo L. Rahimzadeh , Rzheutski M. V. , Lutsenko E. V. , Yablonskii G. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Woitok J. , Dikme Y. , Heuken M. , Kalisch H. , Jansen R. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report about the MOVPE growth and characterisation of Al0.90In0.10N single layers and multiple quantum well structures (MQW) containing 8 periods of Al0.90In0.10N/AlN quantum wells. All samples show good quality in high‐resolution X‐ray diffractometry (HRXRD) evaluation, superlattice fringes up to the 2nd order can be seen for the MQW sample. In optical transmission experiments, an absorption edge for the Al0.90In0.10N single layer is detected at 4.9 eV. Due to the low intensity of emission and limited sensitivity of our setup in this spectral region, photoluminescence (PL) emission above 4 eV is only visible for the MQW sample. Both PL and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements show an emission peak at longer wavelength for the Al0.90In0.10N/AlN MQW sample. When increasing the excitation current density in CL, the emission at lower wavelength is clearly enhanced, while it is slightly reduced at higher wavelength. We believe this to be a saturation effect of a defect‐related emission. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN/AlN free‐standing nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Tchernycheva M. , Sartel C. , Cirlin G. , Travers L. , Patriarche G. , Largeau L. , Mauguin O. , Harmand J.‐C. , Dang Le Si , Renard J. , Gayral B. , Nevou L. , Julien F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report on the growth, structural and optical properties of GaN/AlN free standing NWs. The NW lateral growth rate was investigated using thin AlN marker layers. The lateral growth is found to be homogeneous along the NW axis. Its rate can be tuned from ∼1% to ∼10% of the axial growth rate by changing III/V flux ratio. The resulting axial and lateral heterostructures were studied by micro‐photoluminescence and micro‐cathodoluminescence, which revealed sharp (several meV broad) emission lines. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Band gap and effective electron mass of cubic InN
Authors: Schley P. , Napierala C. , Goldhahn R. , Gobsch G. , Schörmann J. , As D. J. , Lischka K. , Feneberg M. , Thonke K. , Fuchs F. , Bechstedt F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe succeeded in growing single crystalline c‐InN films on 3C‐SiC substrate with a c‐GaN buffer layer by MBE. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is applied in order to determine the complex dielectric function for cubic InN from mid‐infrared into the visible spectral region. The high electron densities above 1019 cm–3 cause pronounced Burstein‐Moss shifts at the gap. Taking into account the non‐parabolicity and the filling of the conduction band, data analysis yields renormalized band edges between 0.430 and 0.455 eV. Including carrier‐induced band‐gap renormalization we estimate a zero‐density band gap of ∼0.596eV for c‐InNwith a corresponding effective electron mass of 0.041m0 at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The chemical ecology of crucifers and their fungal pathogens: Boosting plant defenses and inhibiting pathogen invasion
Authors: Pedras M. Soledade C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFungal plant diseases can cause very substantial yield losses in crucifer crops such as rapeseed and canola, or vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli. To devise sustainable methods to prevent and deter crucifer pathogens, the chemical interaction between crucifers and their fungi is under intense investigation. Crucifers produce complex blends of secondary metabolites with diverse ecological roles that include protection against microbial pathogens and other pests. The secondary metabolites involved in crucifer defense, namely phytoalexins and phytoanticipins, and their metabolism by fungal pathogens indicate that some fungi produce different enzymes to detoxify these metabolites and that some fungal detoxifying enzymes are rather specific. Chemical synthesis and screening of phytoalexin analogue libraries using cultures of fungal pathogens, as well as protein extracts, have shown that such detoxification reactions can be inhibited and that some inhibitors are strongly antifungal. Overall results of current work show the feasibility of using selective inhibitors of fungal detoxifying enzymes, i.e., paldoxins, to protect plants by boosting their chemical defenses. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 109–115; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20140
XRF analysis of chromite‐rich samples—another look at powder briquettes
Authors: Merkle R. K. W. , Sunder Raju P. V. , Loubser M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChromite‐rich samples are notoriously difficult to analyze by XRF spectrometry because of the low solubility of chromium in lithium borate fluxes. Our evaluation of the suitability to use powder briquettes of micronized samples implies that reasonable results can be obtained, but critical awareness of the questions behind the analyses and the possible shortcomings of data reduction procedures are required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of life of Turkish patients with depression in Ankara and in Berlin
Authors: Iren Akbiyik D. , Berksun O.E. , Sumbuloglu V. , Sentürk V. , Priebe S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesQuality of life (QOL) of immigrant groups with mental disorders should be compared with similar patients in the country of origin. Therefore, this study evaluated the QOL in Turkish patients who were in treatment because of depressive disorders in Ankara and Berlin.Subjects and MethodsPatients with depressive disorders were recruited from services in Ankara and Berlin. The same researcher interviewed all patients and assessed socio-demographic characteristics, symptomatology, psychiatric diagnosis and QOL.ResultsQOL of patients in Ankara was significantly higher than that of patients in Berlin. Satisfaction with specific life domains also showed significant differences between the two groups. Factors positively associated with QoL in Berlin were marital status, shorter duration of marriage, fewer occupants per household, a relaxed religious attitude, being informed about the illness by the physician, and lower levels of symptoms. In Ankara, only initial help seeking behavior and level of depressive symptoms were associated with QOL.ConclusionQOL of Turkish patients with depression in Berlin appears lower than that of similar patients in Ankara. Different factors may influence QOL of Turkish patients with depression living in the place of origin and having emigrated to Germany.
Mental health, health care utilisation of migrants in Europe
Authors: Lindert J. , Schouler-Ocak M. , Heinz A. , Priebe S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundMigration during the 1990s has been high and has been characterised by new migrations. Migration has been a key force in the demographic changes of the European population. Due to the different condition of migration in Europe, variables related to mental health of migrants are: motivation for migration, living conditions in the home and in the host country.AimsTo give an overview on (i) prevalence of mental disorders; suicide; alcohol and drug abuse; (ii) access to mental health and psychosocial care facilities of migrants in the European region, and (iii) utilisation of health and psychosocial institution of these migrants.MethodsNon-system review of the literature concerning mental health disorders of migrants and their access to and their consumption of health care and psychosocial services in Europe.ResultsIt is impossible to consider “migrants” as a homogeneous group concerning the risk for mental illness. The literature showed (i) mental health differs between migrant groups, (ii) access to psychosocial care facilities is influenced by the legal frame of the host country; (iii) mental health and consumption of care facilities is shaped by migrants used patterns of help-seeking and by the legal frame of the host country.ConclusionData on migrant's mental health is scarce. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe mental health adjusting for life conditions in Europe to identify those factors which imply an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and influence help seeking for psychosocial care. In many European countries migrants fall outside the existing health and social services, particularly asylum seekers and undocumented immigrants.
Working with the cultural formulation in therapy
Authors: Borra R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Cultural Formulation of Diagnosis, put away in the Appendix IX in the DSM-IV, was developed during the preparation of the DSMIV by the NIMH group Culture and Diagnosis, a group of international cultural experts to make the manual more culturally sensitive. The Cultural Formulation supplements the nomothetic or standardized diagnostic ratings of the DSM with an ideographic statement, emphasizing the patient's personal experience and the corresponding cultural reference group(s). In the Netherlands the Cultural Formulation proved to be a very useful and innovative instrument to make the diagnostic process and treatment more culturally sensitive. Aim of this article is to give more publicity to this model also in the rest of Europe.
Temporal variation of non-ideal plumes with sudden reductions in buoyancy flux
Authors: SCASE M. M. , CAULFIELD C. P. , DALZIEL S. B. 
Published: March 2008

We model the behaviour of isolated sources of finite radius and volume flux which experience a sudden drop in buoyancy flux, generalizing the previous theory presented in Scase et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 563, 2006, p. 443). In particular, we consider the problem of the source of an established plume suddenly increasing in area to provide a much wider plume source. Our calculations predict that, while our model remains applicable, the plume never fully pinches off into individual rising thermals.We report the results of a large number of experiments, which provide an ensemble to compare to theoretical predictions. We find that provided the source conditions are weakened in such a way that the well-known entrainment assumption remains valid, the established plume is not observed to pinch off into individual thermals. Further, not only is pinch-off not observed in the ensemble of experiments, it cannot be observed in any of the individual experiments. We consider both the temporal evolution of the plume profile and a concentration of passive tracer, and show that our model predictions compare well with our experimental observations.
Absolute instability in axisymmetric wakes: compressible and density variation effects
Authors: MELIGA PHILIPPE , SIPP DENIS , CHOMAZ JEAN-MARC 
Published: March 2008

Lesshafft & Huerre (Phys. Fluids, 2007; vol. 19, 024102) have recently studied the transition from convective to absolute instability in hot round jets, for which absolute instability is led by axisymmetric perturbations and enhanced when lowering the jet density. The present paper analyses similarly the counterpart problem of wake flows, and establishes that absolute instability is then led by a large-scale helical wake mode favoured when the wake is denser than the surrounding fluid. This generalizes to variable density and compressible wakes the results of Monkewitz (J. Fluid Mech. vol 192, 1988, p. 561). Furthermore, we show that in a particular range of density ratios, the large-scale helical wake mode can become absolutely unstable by increasing only the Mach number up to high subsonic values. This possibility of an absolute instability triggered by an increase of the Mach number is opposite to the behaviour previously described in shear flows such as plane mixing layers and axisymmetric jets. A physical interpretation based on the action of the baroclinic torque is proposed. An axisymmetric short-scale mode, similar to that observed in plane mixing layers, leads the transition in light wakes, but the corresponding configurations require large counterflow for the instability to be absolute.These results suggest that the low-frequency oscillation present in afterbody wakes may be due to a nonlinear global mode triggered by a local absolute instability, since the azimuthal wavenumber and absolute frequency of the helical wake mode agree qualitatively with observations.