bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting and Description of Research Methodology in Studies Estimating Effects of Firearm Policies
Authors: Rencken Camerin A. , Schleimer Julia P. , Miller Matthew , Swanson Sonja A. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali 
Published: April 2024

Background:Evidence about which firearm policies work, to what extent, and for whom is hotly debated, perhaps partly because variation in research methodology has produced mixed and inconclusive effect estimates. We conducted a scoping review of firearm policy research in the health sciences in the United States, focusing on methodological considerations for causal inference.Methods:We identified original, empirical articles indexed in PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 1 September 2021 that examined any of 18 prespecified firearm policies. We extracted key study components, including policy type(s) examined, policy operationalization, outcomes, study setting and population, study approach and design, causal language, and whether and how authors acknowledged potential sources of bias.Results:We screened 7733 articles and included 124. A plurality of studies used a legislative score as their primary exposure (n = 39; 32%) and did not examine change in policies over time (n = 47; 38%). Most examined firearm homicide (n = 51; 41%) or firearm suicide (n = 40; 32%) as outcomes. One-third adjusted for other firearm policies (n = 41; 33%). Three studies (2%) explicitly mentioned that their goal was to estimate causal effects, but over half used language implying causality (n = 72; 58%). Most acknowledged causal identification assumptions of temporality (n = 91; 73%) and exchangeability (n = 111; 90%); other assumptions were less often acknowledged. One-third of studies included bias analyses (n = 42; 34%).Conclusions:We identified a range of methodologic approaches in firearm policy research in the health sciences. Acknowledging the imitations of data availability and quality, we identify opportunities to improve causal inferences about and reporting on the effects of firearm policies on population health.
Poor ovarian response classification systems in the clinical setting – time for an update?
Authors: Reig Andres , Seli Emre 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Poor ovarian response (POR) remains a key challenge to the success of assisted reproductive technology. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the two main classification systems for POR, discussing their promises and pitfalls, evaluating their performance, and exploring potential avenues for improving upon these definitions of POR.

Recent findings
The Bologna criteria represented the first meaningful attempt to create a universal POR definition. Subsequently, the POSEIDON classification system was published to provide a more nuanced view of POR, classifying patients into four groups based on age and ovarian reserve markers. A recent study evaluated the likelihood of achieving at least one euploid embryo for transfer and found that, indeed, these classification systems are effective predictors of this outcome.
While these criteria provide an effective counseling tool, several limitations – not considering underlying conditions, selecting somewhat arbitrary cutoffs, and evaluating the number of oocytes retrieved regardless of maturity – highlight the importance of improving upon these systems to create a more useful tool to more accurately predict ovarian response for clinical and research purposes.

Summary
In the era of personalized medicine, it is time to reconsider whether diagnostic criteria for a continuous metric such as ovarian response should be based on meeting all-or-nothing thresholds for specific parameters.
Socioecological factors influencing physical activity engagement for women across the menopausal transition: a systematic review
Authors: Casey Meghan , Dabkowski Elissa , de Gracia Ma Regina L. , Moore Kathleen A. , Kennedy Gerard A. , Porter Joanne E. , Nasstasia Yasmina , Alvarenga Marlies E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Importance
Physical activity during menopause can be effective in reducing the physiological changes associated with reproductive aging that increase risks for noncommunicable diseases, yet many women do not meet the recommendations for physical activity.

Objective
This study aimed to synthesize factors influencing physical activity for women across menopausal transition phases using a socioecological approach.

Evidence Review
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used to systematically search 10 databases between 2001 and 2021. A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify studies on physical activity of women in various stages of menopause. A socioecological model was used to categorize the reported barriers and enablers.

Findings
Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight several intrapersonal barriers such as existing health complaints versus enablers such as awareness of the health benefits of physical activity during menopause. Ensuring women's safety, preventing injury, and enhancing exercise self-efficacy were important components of programs. Social support was also an important enabler of women's engagement in activities.

Conclusions and Relevance
Several barriers and enablers were identified and can inform practitioners and future interventions to encourage physical activity among women in various stages of menopause. For instance, when encouraging physical activity during menopause, practitioners should consider other health complaints, safety, and injury prevention while discussing the benefits of physical activity related to managing menopausal symptoms. There was a lack of theoretically informed studies exploring the barriers and enablers to physical activity for women in various stages of menopause; thus, research designs may not have fully accounted for influences. Future research that combines socioecological and individual theories of behavior is needed to comprehensively understand the complexity of physical activity among women across the menopausal transition.
Analysis of Major and Minor Pedicles in Flap Perfusion by Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Izadpanah Amin , Jansen David A. , Alt Eckhard U. , Izadpanah Reza 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Type 2 muscle flaps are characterized by major and minor pedicles, such that the minor pedicle is unreliable, and the major pedicle is a requirement for the success of the flap. The role of the minor pedicle, beyond the decreased caliber and decreased vascular territory in comparison to the major pedicle, is poorly understood. We sought to model the fluid dynamics of a model flap containing a major and minor pedicle to understand differences between the pedicles and the implications on perfusion.

Methods:
We first generated a computer-assisted design model of a type 2 flap with a major and minor pedicle. We then performed computational fluid dynamics to analyze velocities and flow within the pedicles and flap.

Results:
In our investigation, we found that the flow velocity within the major pedicle was higher than the minor pedicle, indicative of decreased resistance to flow. Concomitantly, we found decreased pressures within the major pedicle, reflecting decreasing resistance to flow. Interestingly, we found increased kinematic viscosity in flap areas supplied by the minor pedicle, suggesting decreased flow rates and increased resistance.

Conclusions:
We identified that the major pedicle has increased flow velocity, decreased resistance, and decreased kinematic viscosity, suggesting its dominance in maintaining flap perfusion. Our study also identifies computational fluid dynamics as a powerful tool in studying flap perfusion dynamics.
Incidence of liver cancer in young adults according to the Global Burden of Disease database 2019
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Aboona Majd B. , Sukphutanan Banthoon , Kongarin Siwanart , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Ng Cheng Han , Muthiah Mark D. , Huang Daniel Q. , Seko Yuya , Díaz Luis Antonio , Arab Juan Pablo , Yang Ju Dong , Chen Vincent L. , Kim Donghee , Noureddin Mazen , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
The worldwide burden of cancer is increasing in younger populations. However, the epidemiology of primary liver cancer remains understudied in young adults compared to other cancer forms.

Approach and Results:
This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2010 and 2019 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years associated with primary liver cancer in the young (15–49 y), stratified by region, nation, sociodemographic index, and sex. The study found a global estimate of 78,299 primary liver cancer cases, 60,602 deaths, and 2.90 million disability-adjusted life years in the young population. The Western Pacific region exhibited the highest burden in 2019, showing the most significant increase compared to other regions between 2010 and 2019. More than half of the countries worldwide have undergone an increase in primary liver cancer incidence rates in young adults. Around 12.51% of deaths due to primary liver cancer occur in young individuals. Throughout the study period, there was a significant decline in primary liver cancer mortality due to most etiologies, except for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease-attributable primary liver cancer (annual percentage change + 0.87%, 95% CI: 0.70%–1.05%) and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer (annual percentage change + 0.21%, 95% CI: 0.01%–0.42%). The limitations of the Global Burden of Disease database include reliance on the quality of primary data and possible underestimation of alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:
Over the past decade, there has been a marked increase in the burden of primary liver cancer, especially that originating from steatotic liver disease. This trend calls for the development of urgent and comprehensive strategies to mitigate this rising burden globally.
SPONTANEOUS RESOLUTION OF SUBFOVEAL PERFLUOROCARBON: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: A Hermosa , JI Vela , I Loscos-Giménez , A Verdú , D Rego-Lorca 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of spontaneous resolution of subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (sPFCL). Methods: A 72-year-old male presented with poor vision in the left eye for two months. Ophthalmic examination revealed a visual acuity of counting fingers at 40 cm, pseudophakia, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the left eye. The patient underwent 23G pars plana vitrectomy associated with a scleral buckle and silicone oil. Postoperatively, a retained sPFCL bubble was observed on OCT image. Results: Postoperatively, the sPFCL bubbles disappeared spontaneously by a full-thickness macular hole. Four weeks after surgery, the macular hole was closed, and visual acuity improved with preservation of foveal depression. Conclusion: Because spontaneous resolution rarely occurs, retinal surgeons prefer early evacuation of sPFCL. Herein, we report a new case of spontaneously resolved sPFCL and discuss the mechanisms for its resolution reported in the literature.
Repeatability of Online Circular Contrast Perimetry Compared to Standard Automated Perimetry
Authors: Meyerov Joshua , Chen Yang , Busija Lazar , Green Catherine , Skalicky Simon E. 
Published: April 2024

Précis:
Online circular contrast perimetry provides visual field assessment on any computer or tablet with no extra hardware. It has good test repeatability and reliability that is comparable with standard automated perimetry. It holds promise for use in disease screening and surveillance to expand the provision of glaucoma care.

Purpose:
To evaluate the repeatability of online circular contrast perimetry (OCCP) compared to standard automated perimetry (SAP) in normal participants and patients with stable glaucoma over 18 weeks.

Methods:
Thirty-six participants (13 normal controls and 23 patients with open angle glaucoma) were recruited. OCCP and SAP perimetry tests were performed twice at baseline, then at 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Global perimetric indices were compared between perimetry types and analyzed for short-term and intermediate-term repeatability.

Results:
There were no statistically significant changes over time for both OCCP and SAP across all groups for mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation, and visual index/visual field index (P>0.05). Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for OCCP MD were excellent at baseline (0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–0.99) and good at 18 weeks (0.88, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98). SAP test-retest ICCs were excellent at baseline (0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–0.99) and 18 weeks (0.97, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99). Inter-test ICCs were good, ranging from 0.84 to 0.87. OCCP testing time was shorter than SAP (5:29 ± 1:24 vs. 6:00 ± 1:05, P<0.001). OCCP had similar false-positive (3.84 ± 3.32 vs. 3.66 ± 4.53, P=0.48) but lower false-negative (0.73 ± 1.52 vs. 4.48 ± 5.00, P<0.001) and fixation loss responses (0.91 ± 1.32 vs. 2.02 ± 2.17, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
OCCP allows visual field assessment on any computer screen with no additional hardware. It demonstrated good repeatability and reliability with similar performance indices to SAP in both the short term and intermediate term. OCCP has the potential to be utilized as a glaucoma screening and surveillance tool for in-clinic and at-home testing, expanding the provision of care.
Pediatric chronic pain grading: a revised classification of the severity of pediatric chronic pain
Authors: Grothus Susanne , Sommer Ariane , Stahlschmidt Lorin , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Höfel Lea , Linder Roland , Zernikow Boris , Wager Julia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we describe the development and validation of a revised Pediatric Chronic Pain Grading (P-CPG) for children aged 8 to 17 years that adds emotional impairment to previously used measures of pain intensity and functional impairment. Such a measure enables the assessment of chronic pain severity in different epidemiological and clinical populations, the stratification of treatment according to pain severity, and the monitoring of treatment outcome. The P-CPG was developed using a representative sample of school children with chronic pain (n = 454; Mage = 12.95, SD = 2.22). Construct validity and sensitivity to change were examined within a sample of N = 2448 children and adolescents (Mage = 12.71, SD = 2.47) comprising 3 subsamples (school n = 1562, primary care n = 129, and tertiary care n = 757) affected by chronic pain to varying extents. Results showed that P-CPG grades differed significantly among the 3 subsamples, with school children being least affected by chronic pain and tertiary care patients being most affected. As P-CPG grade increased, so did pain intensity, functional impairment, pain-related school absence, and emotional impairment. Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant positive correlations between the P-CPG and global ratings of pain severity as well as objective claims data; the latter reflects greater health care costs with increasing P-CPG scores. Sensitivity to change was supported by a significant reduction in baseline P-CPG grades 3 and 6 months after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment in tertiary care sample. In conclusion, the P-CPG is an appropriate measure of pain severity in children and adolescents with chronic pain in clinical as well as epidemiological settings.
Can Slow Personalized Titration Using C-Reactive Protein Monitoring Decrease the High Rates and Mortality of Clozapine-Associated Myocarditis Seen in Some Countries? A Call for Research
Authors: de Leon Jose 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose/Background
The hypothesis that slower personalized titration may prevent clozapine-associated myocarditis and decrease the disproportion incidence of 3% found in Australia was not described in a recent Australian article in this journal.

Methods
Six countries in addition to Australia have published information suggesting a similar incidence of clozapine-associated myocarditis. On September 19, 2023, PubMed searches were updated for articles from the United States, Korea, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, and Turkey.

Findings/Results
An incidence of 3.5% (4/76) was found in a US hospital, but US experts were the first to propose that clozapine-associated myocarditis may be a hypersensitivity reaction associated with rapid titration and possibly preventable. Koreans and Japanese are of Asian ancestry and need lower minimum therapeutic doses for clozapine than patients of European ancestry. A 0.1% (2/1408) incidence of myocarditis during clozapine titration was found in a Korean hospital, but pneumonia incidence was 3.7% (52/1408). In 7 Japanese hospitals, 34% (37/110) of cases of clozapine-associated inflammation were found during faster titrations (based on the official Japanese titration) versus 13% (17/131) during slower titrations (based on the international titration guideline for average Asian patients). Recent limited studies from Canada, New Zealand, and Turkey suggest that slower personalized titration considering ancestry may help prevent clozapine-associated myocarditis.

Implications/Conclusions
Other countries have very limited published data on clozapine-associated myocarditis. Based on a recent Australian case series and these non-Australian studies, the author proposes that Australia (and other countries) should use slow personalized titration for clozapine based on ancestry and c-reactive protein monitoring.
Responsible Development of Emerging Technologies
Authors: Schulte Paul A. , Leso Veruscka , Iavicoli Ivo 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
This paper identifies approaches to the responsible development of emerging technologies to secure worker safety and health.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was used to describe the history of the responsible development of worker protection from engineered nanomaterials. Lessons from that history were extended and applied to emerging technologies and illustrated in three examples: advanced manufacturing, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence.

Results
The same principles used to underpin responsible development of nanotechnology can be applied to emerging technologies. Five criterion actions were identified that embody these principles.

Conclusion
Responsible development of emerging technologies requires anticipating hazards and risks and ethical issues attendant to them. Occupational and environment health specialists are often called upon to provide guidance on emerging technologies and the approach described here can serve as a basis for that guidance.
The Psychosocial, Organizational, and Environmental Stressors Experienced by Food Service Workers in a Hospital Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kent Karen Butcher , Zhang Ying , Roemer Enid Chung , Davis Meghan F. , Safeer Richard , Mojica Angelo , Goetzel Ron Z. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To identify stressors faced by hospital food service workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic and effective interventions mitigating these stressors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted surveys (n = 305) and interviews (n = 9) in the summer and fall of 2022 with employees in hospital settings to determine the psychosocial, organizational, and environmental stressors they faced during the COVID-19 pandemic and interventions that improved health and well-being. Findings: The main stressors reported were fear of infection, increased work demands and schedule unpredictability, and financial insecurity. Employee well-being was bolstered by regular, clear, bidirectional communication; a sense of community and purpose; benefits like paid sick leave and health insurance coverage; and organizational policies that included masking and vaccine requirements demonstrating commitment to protecting worker health. Conclusion: Organizations can play a critical role in guarding the health, well-being, and resilience of frontline workers.
Effects of Occupational Noise Exposure on Hearing Loss
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Lang Ling , Xie Juan 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To assess regulatory effect of Mediterranean diet for occupational noise exposure and hearing loss. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 4757 individuals. Weighted logistic regression model was adopted to explore the association of occupational noise exposure and Mediterranean diet with hearing loss, and regulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet for the relationship of occupational noise exposure and hearing loss. Results: Occupational noise exposure was associated with an increased odds of hearing loss. Under low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the occupational noise exposure group was related to increased odds of hearing loss. Under high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, no significant difference was observed between occupational noise exposure and hearing loss, and adjusted effect size was reduced accordingly. Conclusion: Mediterranean diet may moderate this relationship of occupational noise exposure and hearing loss to some degree.
Burnout, Personal, and Occupational Factors as Predictors of Physician Assistant Faculty Intent to Leave After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stouder April , Ayars Candace L. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
This study addressed whether burnout, personal, or occupational factors predicted physician assistant (PA) faculty intent to leave and established a new postpandemic national benchmark for PA faculty burnout and intent to leave.

Methods
In spring 2023, a nonexperimental, cross-sectional survey was emailed to 2031 PA faculty drawn from program faculty listings and the PA Education Association member database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the predictive ability of the independent variables on intent to leave.

Results
The response rate was 30% (609 of 2031), with 496 responses (24.4%) included in the analysis. The sample reflected the population of PA faculty. The regression model significantly predicted intent leave (P < .001). The adjusted R
2 was 0.46, indicating the combination of independent variables predicted 46% of the variance in PA faculty intent to leave. Significant predictors included emotional exhaustion and identifying as multiracial (P < .001), control and values (P < .01), and depersonalization, fairness, rewards, and clinical year faculty role (P < .05). The sample had moderate levels of burnout and experienced burnout at higher rates than in prepandemic studies. Physician assistant faculty in administrative leadership roles had the highest levels of burnout and intent to leave. Despite this, PA faculty intent to leave measures were similar to prepandemic levels.

Discussion
Several of the predictive variables were related to well-being and social-emotional aspects of the workplace. These findings have implications for institutional policies and practices that support faculty well-being and workplace culture to enhance retention.