bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSULIN RELEASE, INSULIN CONTENT, AND GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IN ISOLATED MOUSE ISLETS MAINTAINED IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Eff Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To elucidate the remission phase in juvenile diabetics the insulin release, insulin content, and glucose utilization were measured in isolated Langerhans' islets from mice maintained for 6 days in a tissue culture at a glucose concentration of 278 mmol, followed by a culture period of 4 days at 6.1 mmol glucose.
These experiments revealed that the ability of the islets to store and secrete insulin during glucose stimulation decreased considerably during incubation at high concentrations of glucose. When the glucose concentration in the incubation medium was reduced, these properties could be re-established. Basal as well as glucose-stimulated glucose utilization increased greatly during incubation at high glucose concentrations. However, it was not possible to normalize the glucose utilization during 4 days' incubation at 6.1 mmol glucose. The results indicate that unphysiologically high concentrations of glucose may induce long-lasting changes in the function of Langerhans' islets.
UNUSUAL HETEROZYGOTES OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Zachmann M. , Prader A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three otherwise healthy relatives of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and salt-wasting presented with clinical and/or biochemical findings, which exceeded those usually seen in heterozygotes: Two females (1 mother and 1 prepubertal sister of a patient with CAH) had marked hypertrichosis and hirsutism and excreted pregnanetriolone in their urine. The mother had increased basal plasma 17α-OH-progesterone (296 ng/100 ml), which increased to 7170 ng/100 ml after ACTH as in homozygotes of CAH. One adult male (brother of a patient with CAH) was clinically normal, but also excreted pregnanetriolone and had a high plasma 17α-OH-progesterone (1905 ng/100 ml), which increased further to 6352 ng/100 ml after ACTH. It is concluded that these subjects represent unusually marked heterozygotes of CAH rather than mild homozygotes. In females, this condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic hirsutism, in males, it will pass unnoticed, unless relatives of patients with CAH are systematically tested.
PLASMA PREGNENOLONE AND 17-OH-PREGNENOLONE IN HIRSUTE AMENORRHOEIC PATIENTS
Authors: Lorber D. L. , McKenna T. J. , Rabinowitz D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This study was designed (a) to examine the involvement of the Δ5-pregnenes, pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone in the abnormal steroidogenesis present in hirsute patients; and (b) to examine the possibility that suppressed adrenal 21-hydroxylase activity may frequently underlie the abnormal steroidogenesis in hirsute women. Basal plasma pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone levels were significantly elevated in hirsute women. The levels of these steroids following treatment with dexamethasone and the decrement induced by this treatment were also significantly greater in hirsute patients than in normal subjects. These precursor steroids were also excessively responsive to stimulation with HCG in the hirsute patients.
Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion was significantly higher in hirsute patients than in normal subjects. In contrast, the urinary excretion of pregnanetriol, either under basal conditions or following stimulation with ACTH was not significantly higher than in normal women similarly treated. In a further attempt to identify any limitation in 21-hydroxylase activity, the steroidogenic response to ACTH plus metyrapone was measured in hirsute and in normal women. Neither the urinary pregnanetriol response nor the ratio of pregnanetriol to 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was elevated in hirsute women.
These observations document that plasma pregnenolone, and 17-hydroxypregnenolone are elevated in hirsute patients. The excess appears to be derived both from the adrenals and the ovaries. However, we were unable to demonstrate any limitation in adrenal 21-hydroxylase activity in hirsute patients.
SUPRASELLAR EXTENSION OF TUMOUR ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ACTIVITY OF LH AND FSH
Authors: Luboshitzky R. , Barzilai D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 65 year old man with pituitary adenoma, partial hypopituitarism and normal serum FSH and LH concentration is described. LH (but not FSH) partially increased following the administration of LH-RH. Subsequent FSH and LH assays of the cerebrospinal fluid, however, showed a high and correctly predicted suprasellar extension of the tumour.
EVIDENCE FOR A DIFFERENT RESPONSE OF RED AND WHITE SKELETAL MUSCLE OF THE RAT IN DIFFERENT THYROID STATES
Authors: Janssen J. W. , van Hardeveld C. , Kassenaar A. A. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of thyroid hormone depletion and experimental hyperthyroidism on red and white skeletal muscle of the rat during periods of 2, 4 and 8 weeks were studied. Body weight, muscle weight, mitochondrial protein content, and specific activities of the mitochondrial enzymes α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) (α-GPD) and succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) (SDH) were used as parameters. The largest differences in body weight gain and muscle weight gain (both red and white muscle) in the hypothyroid rats were seen after 8 weeks of T4 treatment. In the hyperthyroid rats the weight of the red muscle and the ratio of the red muscle weight to the body weight increased, whereas the white muscle weight and the ratio of the white muscle weight to the body weight decreased relative to the control animals.
In hypothyroid rats the mitochondrial protein content was lowered in both red and white muscle, the specific α-GPD activity only in the latter. No changes in specific SDH activity were observed in either type of muscle. The hyperthyroid rats showed an increase in the mitochondrial protein content and the specific α-GPD and SDH activity in the red muscle, whereas no significant changes were observed in the white muscle. The changes in the parameters under study show that the effect of the thyroid state differs in red and white muscle. An explanation for a possibly greater sensitivity of red than of white muscle to thyroid hormones is discussed.
ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS, PROSTAGLANDINS AND GLUCOSE ON PRECURSOR INCORPORATION INTO THE RNA OF THYROID SLICES
Authors: Juvenal Guillermo J. , de Pisarev Diana L. Kleiman , Crenovich Liliana , Pisarev Mario A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present studies were performed in order to investigate the role of neurotransmitters, prostaglandins and glucose on [3H]uridine incorporation into total RNA in beef thyroid slices. Carbamylcholine strongly stimulated RNA labelling from [3H]uridine; atropine abolished this effect. NaF, at 1 and 5 mm, progressively increased this parameter while norepinephrine caused a similar effect at 10−3 but not at 10−6 M. Phentolamine (1 mm) blocked the stimulatory action of TSH; propranolol and atropine did not. Glucose at concentrations between 4 and 24 mm caused a progressive increase in RNA labelling from [3H]uridine. This effect was not inhibited by dinitrophenol. Prostaglandins (E1, A1, F1α and F2α) assayed in concentrations between 5 and 25 μg/ml, with or without caffeine, had no effect on RNA labelling. Moreover, neither aspirin nor indomethacin inhibited TSH stimulation. Under similar experimental conditions, PGE1 did simulate PB125I formation.
LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN ADRENAL cAMP AND CORTICOSTEROIDOGENESIS IN THE NEWBORN RAT
Authors: Cote Thomas E. , Yasumura Seiichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 2 to 16-day-old rats subjected to heat, the adrenal content of cAMP did not increase in animals younger than 14 days of age, but serum corticosterone was significantly higher than control values at all ages except in 10 and 12-day-old animals. This would suggest that cAMP may not mediate the adrenal steroidogenic response to stress during the first postnatal week. This hypothesis is consistent with the fact that the administration of 0.195 and 0.785 mU ACTH to 2-day-old rats resulted in a significant increase in serum corticosterone without a rise in the adrenal content of cAMP. The stress-induced rise in serum corticosterone progressively diminishes during the first post-natal week before returning to its previous 2-day-old capacity by day 16.
A RECEPTOR-IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIFICITY OF ANTI-HCG-β SERA
Authors: Jibiki K. , Saxena B. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the receptor-immunoassay, the binding of anti-HCG-β sera to 125I-HCG and 125I-HLH is measured in the presence of bovine corpus luteum 'receptor'. Anti-sera specific for HCG show little binding with 125I-HLH. The receptor-immunoassay permits an evaluation of specificity, affinity and the ability of anti-HCG-β sera to compete with the 'receptor' for binding to 125I-HCG.
HYPOTHALMIC-PITUITARY ADRENAL RESPONSIVENESS TO DEXAMETHASONE-INSULIN TOLERANCE TEST IN ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH BROMOCRIPTINE
Authors: Harrower A. D. B. , Davidson N. McD. , Yap P. L. , Nairn I. M. , Fyffe J. A. , Horn D. B. , Strong J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin tolerance tests were carried out in 10 acromegalic patients after 1 mg dexamethasone had been given the previous evening (DEX-ITT). Nine patients showed a rise in plasma 11-OHCS and four patients showed a rise in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels. These responses were unaltered after treatment with bromocriptine 10 mg daily for two months. Basal plasma GH levels fell in 6 of the patients and the mean plasma GH levels of the 10 patients during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fell from 63.2 ± 25.5 ng/ml before treatment to 53.0 ± 27.1 ng/ml (mean ± sem; P < 0.05). These data fail to confirm a previous report of abnormal hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal suppressibility during a DEX-ITT in acromegalic patients. They also indicate that bromocriptine does not alter the responses of plasma 11-OHCS and plasma GH to the DEX-ITT despite lowering plasma GH levels.
GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSE AFTER CASTRATION AND SELECTIVE DESTRUCTION OF THE TESTICULAR INTERSTITIUM IN THE NORMAL AND ASPERMATOGENIC RAT
Authors: Morris I. D. , Jackson C. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay in adult male rats previously rendered aspermatogenic by a high dose of α-chlorohydrin. In the aspermatogenic rat serum FSH was elevated but LH levels and androgen dependent organ weights were within normal limits. Transient destruction of the interstitium with a resultant decrease in testicular androgen secretion by ethylenedimethane sulphonate (EDS) in the normal rat preferentially increases serum LH. However, in the aspermatogenic rat EDS increased both serum LH and FSH to levels indistinguishable from those of the normal castrate. The pattern of gonadotrophin secretion in the EDS treated aspermatogenic rat suggested that the dynamic changes after the disturbance of the androgenic feedback were faster than those found in the normal male rat. Castration of the aspermatogenic rat produced serum gonadotrophin levels comparable to the 27 day normal castrate within I and 2 days for LH and FSH, respectively. The data supports the concept of the dual control of pituitary gonadotrophin secretions arising from the seminiferous tubule (inhibin) and the interstitium (androgen). In addition the results also suggest that inhibin acts to modify pituitary sensitivity to endogenous LH-RH as the removal of the androgenic feedback signal in the aspermatogenic rat either by EDS or castration results in a faster achievement of castrate gonadotrophin levels.
INSULIN TEST: PRECISIONS OF AND CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GLUCOSE AND HORMONE RESPONSES
Authors: Leisti Seppo , Perheentupa Jaakko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin test was given twice to each of 41 reference subjects and 31 hypopituitary patients to establish the most precise parameters of glucose and hormone responses, and the intra-individual dependence of these responses on each other.
The precision was highest for the glucose response, intermediate for the cortisol and epinephrine responses and lowest for the GH response. The most precise parameters were: for blood glucose, recovery index, maximum per cent decrement, maximum absolute decrement and minimum level; for plasma cortisol, maximum level, post-insulin area and increment area; for plasma GH, maximum level and post-insulin area; and for epinephrine excretion, absolute post-insulin rate and absolute post-insulin increment. Unacceptably poor precision was established for some parameters in common use: the maximum and 60 min increments in cortisol and GH, and the per cent increment in epinephrine.
The intra-individual correlations suggest differences in the mode of stimulation of the different hormone secretions in response to acute hypoglycaemia. While the cortisol response correlated best with the absolute glucose decrement, the epinephrine response correlated best with the absolute minimum glucose level. Per cent glucose decrement showed no correlation with the hormone responses. GH response showed no correlation with any parameter of acute hypoglycaemia.
Prolonged hypoglyaemia leads to responses in cortisol, GH and epinephrine secretion. No intra-individual correlations were present between the responses of these hormones, but the basal cortisol level was correlated both with the basal rate and with the response in epinephrine excretion.
For maximum clinical information strict standardization of the test procedure is necessary, with use of the most precise parameters of the responses. For plasma cortisol and GH responses the preferable parameters are the maximum levels. The cortisol maximum should be corrected for its dependence on the basal level, so increasing its precision. For the epinephrine response the absolute post-insulin rate of excretion is convenient and precise.
HCS-HCG REGULATION IN CULTURED PLACENTA
Authors: Belleville F. , Lasbennes A. , Nabet P. , Paysant P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tissue culture has been used to study the action of different substrates on the secretion of HCG and HCS in human placental explants. The following compounds have been studied: prostaglandins E2 and F2α, adrenaline and noradrenaline, oestriol and progesterone, glucose concentration.
The investigators first measured the normal secretion of three term placentas and 2 months placentas. The activity of the compounds tested is expressed in per cent of the normal values. The investigators have checked that the cultivated cells were always viable by measuring the oxygen consumption during all the experiments.
PG E2 and F2α are without action on term placentas.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline reduce significantly the secretion of HCS by full term placentas and have no action on HCG secretion.
Oestriol always stimulates HCS secretion by full term placentas and 2 months old placentas, whereas progesterone stimulates young placentas and inhibits full term placentas. Both steroids have no action on HCG secretion.
Glucose is essential for HCS secretion by placentas but high values of glucose in the medium significantly reduce the HCS secretion by full term placentas.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM AND LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS IN THE RHESUS MONKEY (MACACCA MULATTA)
Authors: Frankel R. J. , Jenkins J. S. , Wright J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various sites within the limbic system, frontal lobe and lateral hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey brain were electrically stimulated using chronically implanted electrodes. Increases in plasma cortisol was observed after stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area, basolateral amygdala, pyriform cortex, hippocampus, certain sites in the cingulate gyrus and orbital part of the frontal lobe. Inactive sites included the caudate nucleus, putamen and white matter in the frontal lobe.
PROLACTIN AND TSH RESPONSES TO TRH, CHLORPROMAZINE AND L-DOPA IN CHILDREN WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Okada Y. , Onishi T. , Tanaka K. , Morimoto S. , Tsuji M. , Watanabe K. , Okazaki A. , Takeuchi T. , Kumahara Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prolactin (PRL) and TSH responses to TRH, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and L-DOPA were studied in 23 children (15 male and 8 female) with human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency. Eight patients (group I) showed normal PRL response to TRH and CPZ but TSH response to TRH was delayed in 4 of this group. Twelve patients (group II) had normal (4 patients) or higher (8 patients) baseline PRL level and showed lower PRL response to CPZ than that to TRH. TSH response to TRH was normal in 3, blunted in 1, and delayed in 8 patients. Three patients (group III) had no PRL response to either TRH or CPZ. TSH response to TRH was normal in 1 but blunted in 2 patients. Of 8 patients with a higher baseline PRL level (group II and III), L-DOPA suppressed PRL secretion to less than 50 % of the initial value in 7 patients, but not in 1 patient, in whom the diagnosis of hypothalamic tumour was established on brain surgery following these examinations. These results suggest that hypothalamic disorders are involved in more than half of 23 children with HGH deficiency.
TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON HUMAN PITUITARY TUMOURS: RADIOIMMUNOASSAYABLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: Lipson Loren G. , Beitins Inese Z. , Kornblith Paul D. , Mc Arthur Janet W. , Friesen Henry G. , Kliman Bernard , Kjellberg Raymond N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A tissue culture study was undertaken to determine if human non-functioning pituitary tumours secrete polypeptide anterior pituitary hormones in vitro and to study the spectrum of hormone release by functioning pituitary neoplasms. Fragments from 48 human pituitary tumours (from patients - 2 with Cushing's disease, 1 with Nelson's syndrome, 5 with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea, 10 with acromegaly and 30 with non-functioning pituitary tumours) and three normal human anterior pituitary glands (controls) were placed in tissue culture immediately after surgery. The in vitro release of human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassays at the end of one week in culture. Clinical and pathological data were compared to hormone release patterns.
In the culture media from control pituitaries the concentrations of the six hormones tested were 100 to 10 000 times greater than in peripheral blood. The medium surrounding the fragments from functioning pituitary tumours contained the following: a) Acromegaly - high levels of HGH and variable concentrations of the other hormones. b) Cushing's disease - ACTH and Prl predominantly. c) Amenorrhcea-galactorrhoea syndrome - prolactin in 4 out of 5 patients, all six polypeptides in one patient. In the media from the 30 patients diagnosed as having non-functioning pituitary tumours, 60 % of the samples contained at least one hormone at a concentration similar to that of the controls and 100 % of the samples contained detectable quantities of at least one hormone.
OBSERVATIONS ON SUCCESSIVE PRO-OESTROUS LH SURGES IN INDIVIDUAL 4-DAY CYCLING AND POST-PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS
Authors: Carrillo Alberto J. , Sawyer Charles H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The internal variations (i. e. in timing, duration and amplitude) of the LH surge mechanism within individual rats were examined by monitoring from 3 to 7 successive pro-oestrous LH surges in each of 5 regular 4-day cycling rats fitted with chronic intravenous cannulas. On each successive pro-oestrus blood was collected (0.5–0.6 ml hourly from 14.00–21.00) for radioimmunoassay of LH. The surgery of cannulation had no long-term effect on the regularity of the oestrous cycle. Two rats did, however, show briefly irregular cycles, including one with a 9-day period of anoestrus (pseudopregnancy). In three of the five rats successive pro-oestrous plasma LH curves (4 in one and 3 each in the other two) were internally very consistent in timing, shape and amplitude, However, between each 2 of these 3 animals there were distinct differences in the LH secretory patterns, by as much as 2 h in timing of the onset of the surge and its peak amplitude. The first two surges of the other two rats were atypical of their subsequent surges, which were mostly consistent in timing and amplitude. The pro-oestrous LH surge following the 9-day period of anoestrus was advanced by 2 h and elevated to twice the mean peak amplitude of the cyclic LH surges in that rat. Subsequently, post-PSP surges were studied in rats made pseudopregnant by mechanical stimulation of the cervix. In all cases the immediate post-PSP surge occurred earlier in the afternoon and with a greater peak amplitude than the subsequent cyclic LH surge in the same rat.
THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THYROXINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 3,3′,5′-(REVERSE)-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF THYROGLOBULIN
Authors: Laurberg Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroglobulin fractions rich and poor in new thyroglobulin were separated by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography of dog thyroid extracts and by zonal ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient of guinea pig thyroid extract incubated at low temperature. The distribution of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-(reverse)-triiodothyronine in hydrolysates of the different fractions was estimated by radioimmunoassays. Following DEAE-cellulose chromatography there was a small but statistically significant increase in the T4/T3 ratio in thyroglobulin fractions eluted at high ionic strength - that is fractions relatively rich in stable iodine but poor in fresh thyroglobulin. There were no differences in the T4/rT3 ratios between the different fractions. The ratios between iodothyronines were almost identical in the various thyroglobulin fractions following zonal ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient of cold treated guinea pig thyroid extract.
These findings lend no support to the possibility that a relatively high content of triiodothyronines in freshly synthesized thyroglobulin modulates the thyroid secretion towards a preferential secretion of triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-(reverse)-triiodothyronine at the expense of the secretion of thyroxine.
PARTIAL GONADOTROPHIN-RESISTANCE IN PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Wolfsdorf Joseph I. , Rosenfield Robert L. , Fang Victor S. , Kobayashi Ryoji , Razdan Avtar K. , Kim Moon H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient with classical Albright's pseudohypoparathyroidism was investigated because of oligomenorrhoea. Hypo-oestrogenism was associated with elevated basal gonadotrophin values [mean basal serum LH and FSH were 272±84 (sd) ng/ml and 593±83 ng/ml, respectively (normal ≦ 220 and ≦ 400, respectively)]. The response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) was exaggerated, with maximal LH and FSH increments of 1688 and 458 ng/ml, respectively. These results and the findings on ovarian biopsy were compatible with partial ovarian resistance to gonadotrophins. This resistance could be overcome by administration of human menopausal gonadotrophins. This is the first evidence for gonadotrophin resistance in pseudohypoparathyroidism. The plasma cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate response to glucagon administration by two different protocols was about 70% that of normal control subjects. Other endocrine glands whose responses to hormones are mediated via the adenylate cyclase system evidenced minor abnormalities of questionable significance. This indirect evidence is compatible with a more extensive defect in the adenylate cyclase system in pseudohypoparathyroidism than has hitherto been suspected.