bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imbalances of chromosome arm 1p in pediatric and adult germ cell tumors are caused by true allelic loss: A combined comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite analysis
Authors: Zahn Susanne , Sievers Sonja , Alemazkour Katayoun , Orb Sandra , Harms Dieter , Schulz Wolfgang A. , Calaminus Gabriele , Göbel Ulrich , Schneider Dominik T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrevious studies on childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) report highly variable frequencies of losses at chromosome arm 1p. Since deletions at 1p portend a poor prognosis in other embryonal tumors, this study aims to clarify the question of the frequency of true allelic loss at 1p and whether it constitutes a prognostic parameter. We analyzed 13 GCTs from different gonadal and extragonadal sites of children (4 teratomas, 9 malignant GCTs) and 18 GCTs of adolescents and adults (3 teratomas; 15 malignant GCTs) using automated microsatellite analysis with 23 polymorphic markers and chromosomal “high resolution” comparative genomic hybridization (HR‐CGH). With this combined approach, we detected loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 1p in 8/9 childhood malignant GCTs with concordant data from HR‐CGH and microsatellite analyses. In contrast, LOH at 1p was not detected in childhood teratomas (0/4) and constituted a rare event in GCTs of adolescence and adulthood (3/18). The commonly deleted region was located at distal 1p36‐pter, with a proximal boundary between the markers D1S450 and D1S2870. These data unequivocally demonstrate that deletion at 1p is common in childhood GCTs and results in allelic loss. This observation argues for the presence of a classical tumor suppressor at distal 1p. Considering the high frequency of LOH at 1p and the overall favorable prognosis of childhood GCTs, a prognostic impact of LOH at 1p in childhood GCTs appears unlikely. However, since two postpubertal tumors with LOH at 1p progressed, a prognostic relevance in this age group seems possible, warranting a prospective evaluation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic alterations in lobular neoplasia: A microarray comparative genomic hybridization signature for early neoplastic proliferationin the breast
Authors: Mastracci Teresa L. , Shadeo Ashleen , Colby Sarah M. , Tuck Alan B. , O'Malley Frances P. , Bull Shelley B. , Lam Wan L. , Andrulis Irene L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe identification of genomic alterations occurring in neoplastic lesions provides insight into both lesion occurrence and disease progression. In this study, we used microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to investigate genetic changes in atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), as the presence of these lobular neoplastic lesions is an indicator of risk in the development of invasive breast cancer. DNA was extracted from microdissected archival breast tissue containing ALH or LCIS, lacking adjacent invasive carcinoma, and subjected to whole‐genome tiling path microarray‐CGH using the submegabase resolution tiling set (SMRT)‐array platform. Twelve ALH and 13 LCIS lesions were examined. Copy number alterations were identified using statistical criteria and validated with Real‐Time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. From statistical analysis, a greater number of alterations were observed in ALH compared to LCIS. Alterations common to ALH include gain at 2p11.2 and loss at 7p11–p11.1 and 22q11.1. Alterations common to LCIS include gain at 20q13.13 and loss at 19q13.2–q13.31. In both ALH and LCIS, we observed loss of 16q21–q23.1, an altered region previously identified in lobular neoplasia and invasive carcinoma. The validation of select alterations reinforces the genomic signature. This study represents the first whole‐genome investigation of lobular neoplastic breast lesions using clinical archival specimens. The identified genomic signature includes copy number alterations not previously identified for lobular neoplasia. This genomic signature, common to ALH and LCIS, suggests a role for the acquisition of novel genomic alterations in the aberrant cellular proliferation that defines lobular neoplasia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular dissection of t(11;17) in acute myeloid leukemia reveals a variety of gene fusions with heterogeneous fusion transcripts and multiple splice variants
Authors: Strehl Sabine , König Margit , Meyer Claus , Schneider Björn , Harbott Jochen , Jäger Ulrich , von Bergh Anne R. M. , Loncarevic Ivan F. , Jarosova Marie , Schmidt Helmut H. , Moore Steven D. P. , Marschalek Rolf , Haas Oskar A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe majority of translocations that involve the long arms of chromosomes 11 and 17 in acute myeloid leukemia appear identical on the cytogenetic level. Nevertheless, they are diverse on the molecular level. At present, two genes are known in 11q23 and four in 17q12‐25 that generate five distinct fusion genes: MLL‐MLLT6/AF17, MLL‐LASP1, MLL‐ACACA or MLL‐SEPT9/MSF, and ZBTB16/PLZF‐RARA. We analyzed 14 cases with a t(11;17) by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular genetic techniques and determined the molecular characteristics of their fusion genes. We identified six different gene fusions that comprised seven cases with a MLL‐MLLT6/AF17, three with a MLL‐SEPT9/MSF, and one each with MLL‐LASP1, MLL‐ACACA, and ZBTB16/PLZF‐RARA fusions. In the remaining case, a MLL‐SEPT6/Xq24 fusion suggested a complex rearrangement. The MLL‐MLLT6/AF17 transcripts were extremely heterogeneous and the detection of seven different in‐frame transcript and splice variants enabled us to predict the protein domains relevant for leukemogenesis. The putative MLL‐MLLT6 consensus chimeric protein consists of the AT‐hook DNA‐binding, the methyltransferase, and the CXXC zinc‐finger domains of MLL and the highly conserved octapeptide and the leucine‐zipper dimerization motifs of MLLT6. The MLL‐SEPT9 transcripts showed a similar high degree of variability. These analyses prove that the diverse types of t(11;17)‐associated fusion genes can be reliably identified and delineated with a proper combination of cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques. The heterogeneity of transcripts encountered in cases with MLL‐MLLT6/AF17 and MLL‐SEPT9/MSF fusions clearly demonstrates that thorough attention has to be paid to the appropriate selection of primers to cover all these hitherto unrecognized fusion variants. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient expression of endothelins in the amoeboid microglial cells in the developing rat brain
Authors: Wu Chun‐Yun , Kaur Charanjit , Lu Jia , Cao Qiong , Guo Chun‐Hua , Zhou Yan , Sivakumar Viswanathan , Ling Eng‐Ang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAmoeboid microglial cells (AMC) which transiently exist in the corpus callosum in the postnatal rat brain expressed endothelins (ETs), specifically endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and ET3 as revealed by real time RT‐PCR. ET immunoreactive AMC occurred in large numbers at birth, but were progressively reduced with age and were undetected in 14 days. In rats subjected to hypoxia exposure, ET immunoexpression in AMC was reduced but the incidence of apoptotic cells was not increased when compared with the control suggesting that this was due to its downregulation that may help regulate the constriction of blood vessels bearing ET‐A receptor. AMC were endowed ET‐B receptor indicating that ET released by the cells may also act via an autocrine manner. In microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ET‐1 mNA expression coupled with that of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) and stromal derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) was markedly increased; ET‐3 mRNA, however, remained unaffected. AMC exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro resulted in increase in both ET‐1 and ET‐3 mRNA expression. It is suggested that the downregulated ETs expression in vivo of AMC subjected to hypoxia as opposed to its upregulated expression in vitro may be due to the complexity of the brain tissue. Furthermore, the differential ET‐1 and ET‐3 mRNA expression in LPS and OGD treatments may be due to different signaling pathways independently regulating the two isoforms. The present novel finding has added microglia as a new cellular source of ET that may take part in multiple functions including regulating vascular constriction and chemokines release. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal place cells, context, and episodic memory
Authors: Smith David M. , Mizumori Sheri J.Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlthough most observers agree that the hippocampus has a critical role in learning and memory, there remains considerable debate about the precise functional contribution of the hippocampus to these processes. Two of the most influential accounts hold that the primary function of the hippocampus is to generate cognitive maps and to mediate episodic memory processes. The well‐documented spatial firing patterns (place fields) of hippocampal neurons in rodents, along with the spatial learning impairments observed with hippocampal damage support the cognitive mapping hypothesis. The amnesia for personally experienced events seen in humans with hippocampal damage and the data of animal models, which show severe memory deficits associated with hippocampal lesions, support the episodic memory account. Although an extensive literature supports each of these hypotheses, a specific contribution of place cells to episodic memory has not been clearly demonstrated. Recent data from our laboratory, together with previous findings, indicate that hippocampal place fields and neuronal responses to task‐relevant stimuli are highly sensitive to the context, even when the contexts are defined by abstract task demands rather than the spatial geometry of the environment. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that place fields reflect a more general context processing function of the hippocampus. Hippocampal context representations could serve to differentiate contexts and prime the relevant memories and behaviors. Since episodic memories, by definition, include information about the time and place where the episode occurred, contextual information is a necessary prerequisite for any episodic memory. Thus, place fields contribute importantly to episodic memory as part of the needed context representations. Additionally, recent findings indicate that hippocampal neurons differentiate contexts at progressively finer levels of detail, suggesting a hierarchical coding scheme which, if combined with temporal information, could provide a means of differentiating memory episodes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient characteristics of small molten salt reactor during blockage accident
Authors: Yamamoto Takahisa , Mitachi Koshi , Ikeuchi Koji , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper reports the results from a transient core analysis of a small molten salt reactor (MSR) when a duct blockage accident occurred. The focus of this study is a numerical model employed in order to consider the interaction among fuel salt flow, heat transfer, and nuclear reactions. The numerical model comprises continuity and momentum conservation equations for fuel salt flow, two‐group neutron diffusion equations for fast and thermal neutron fluxes, transport equations for six‐group delayed neutron precursors, and energy conservation equations for fuel salt and graphite moderators. The analysis results show the following: (1) the effect of the self‐control performance of the MSR on the effective multiplication factor and thermal power output of the reactor after the blockage accident is insignificant, (2) fuel salt and graphite moderator temperatures increase drastically but locally at the blockage area and its surroundings, (3) the highest fuel salt temperature after the blockage accident is 1,363 K; this value is lower than the boiling point of fuel salt and the melting temperature of the reactor vessel, (4) the change in the distributions of fast and thermal neutron fluxes after the blockage accident when compared with the distributions at the rated condition is very slight, and (5) delayed neutron precursors, especially the first delayed neutron precursor, accumulate at the blockage area due to its large decay constant. These results imply that the safety of the MSR is assured in the case of a blockage accident. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(6): 434–450, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20123
Quality inspection in polymer processing by a thermophysical handy tester
Authors: Koshikawa Yasuyuki , Kato Kazunori , Kano Ichiro , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the applicability of a thermophysical handy tester for quality inspection and diagnostic technique such as in situ measurement of polymeric resin products. Influence of crystallinity known as a rating factor of quality, or filler concentration upon thermal conductivity is determined for the case of unsaturated polyester resin products by using the tester. Consequently, good correlations between the thermal conductivity and the crystallinity or the filler concentration are certified. The variation or the distribution of thermal conductivity of products molded under various conditions can be detected nondestructively using the tester. As an example, the thermal conductivity distribution around the forming gate is demonstrated, indicating the density‐uniformity of the resin product. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(6): 421–433, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20124
Prediction of turbulent flow and heat transfer within rotating U‐shaped passages
Authors: Kai Liu Chuan , Hongwu Deng , Zhi Tao , Shuiting Deng , Xuguoqiang  
Published: August 2006

AbstractNumerical predictions of three‐dimensional flow and heat transfer are presented for rotating serpentine passages with and without rib turbulators. The coolant air is pressurized and its operating conditions are selected closely to match actual turbine operating parameters. Two different arrangements of rib turbulators were studied: (1) transverse ribs on the leading and trailing walls and (2) transverse ribs on all four walls. The rib height‐to‐hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) is 0.143; the rib pitch‐to‐height ratio (s/e) is 7. Results for the rib‐roughened serpentine passages were compared with those of smooth ones calculated in the literature. It was shown that a significant enhancement is achieved by means of rib turbulators in a serpentine passage at a stationary state as well as in a rotating state. In the radially‐outward flow passages, the effect of rotation on heat transfer is relatively prominent. The secondary flows induced by the Coriolis forces are most intensive in the channel with four ribbed surfaces. The heat transfer after a 180° sharp turn in the smooth channel is influenced more by the sharp‐turn‐induced flow than the rib‐roughened ones. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(6): 410–420, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20125
Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement in the vertical nature convection by using delta‐winglet longitudinal vortex generators
Authors: Taowang  , Zeliangyang  , Guangchangfeng  
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper focuses on the study of heat transfer enhancement in natural vertical convection by using delta‐winglet longitudinal vortex generators. In the experimental range of Rayleigh numbers, the effect of attack angle, height, and width of the winglet of longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) on heat transfer performance was experimentally investigated. The results showed that there was an optimal attack angle and that the height and width can affect the heat transfer. In terms of array performance, it was shown that initial arrays could enhance the performance of later arrays. Moreover, the effects of LVG and low rectangular fins were compared. The results showed that the effect of LVGs was greater than that of low rectangular fins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(6): 402–409, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20126
Ventilation effect on fire smoke transport in a townhouse building
Authors: Lin C.S. , Wang S.C. , Hung C.B. , Hsu J.H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAccidental building fires present considerable valuable information on fire phenomena and behavior. However, fire and smoke movement quantitative data cannot be obtained directly from a building fire accident. Therefore, computational methods have been widely used to reestablish the fire scenario and obtain a great deal of information for fire study. This paper utilized two types of fire simulation software, CFAST and FDS, to reconstruct a motorcycle shop fire accident in Taiwan. Important thermodynamic parameters during the fire duration were obtained through numerical simulations. The impact of natural/forced ventilation on the fire was also studied. The results showed that the more forced airflow into the building, the more time people had to evacuate to a safe place from the fire. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(6): 387–401, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20127
Interpretation of teasing during early adolescence
Authors: Agliata Allison Kanter , Tantleff‐Dunn Stacey , Renk Kimberly 
Published: August 2006

AbstractResearch has suggested that teasing, especially about physical appearance, is a common experience with negative consequences for adolescents. This study aimed to examine the cognitive processes of adolescents exposed to teasing. Students from two middle schools were assigned randomly to view videotaped vignettes of appearance‐related teasing, competency teasing, or a control situation and completed questionnaires to assess their cognitive reactions and memories of the teasing. Results indicated that adolescent girls recalled appearance‐related teasing more readily than competency teasing, adolescent girls with high body dissatisfaction recalled fewer positive appearance words, and participants exposed to competency teasing were more likely to recall competency words. The findings indicated that cognitive processes may be important in the study of adolescents' interpretation of teasing and for clinical treatment of adolescents who are teased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 23–30, 2007.
P‐Akt expression distinguishes two types of malignant rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Charboneau Aubri , Chai Jingjing , Jordan Jennifer , Funkhouser William , Judkins Alexander , Biegel Jaclyn , Weissman Bernard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHighly aggressive pediatric malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) arise in the kidney and central nervous system (CNS) with no curative treatment available. Multiple studies have shown that inactivation of the SNF5 tumor suppressor gene occurs in virtually all MRTs. However, few studies have addressed whether additional genetic events may contribute to MRT development. In this report, we demonstrate that phosphorylated Akt (P‐Akt) is expressed in a subpopulation of cells in at least 10% of primary rhabdoid tumors as well as at high levels in three MRT cell lines. Similar to other high P‐Akt expressing tumor cell lines, MRTs have decreased sensitivity to p21 induced growth arrest. Therefore, P‐Akt expression may distinguish between two types of MRTs. Because drugs directed against the PI3‐K/Akt have shown promise in clinical trials for other tumor types, they may prove useful for treatment of patients with P‐Akt positive MRTs. P‐Akt expression also provides a potential mechanistic link between these pediatric tumors and adult malignancies. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 422–427, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subnuclear localization and differentiation‐dependent increased expression of DGK‐ζ in C2C12 mouse myoblasts
Authors: Evangelisti Camilla , Riccio Massimo , Faenza Irene , Zini Nicoletta , Hozumi Yasukazu , Goto Kaoru , Cocco L. , Martelli Alberto M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDiacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) catalyze phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DG) to yield phosphatidic acid (PA). Previous evidence has shown that the nucleus contains several DGK isoforms. In this study, we have analyzed the expression and subnuclear localization of DGK‐ζ employing C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Immunocytochemistry coupled to confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that both endogenous and green fluorescent protein‐tagged overexpressed DGK‐ζ localized mostly to the nucleus. In contrast, overexpressed DGK‐α, ‐β, ‐δ, and ‐ι did not migrate to the nucleus. DGK‐ζ was present in the nuclear speckle domains, as also revealed by immuno‐electron microscopy analysis. Moreover, DGK‐ζ co‐localized and interacted with phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1), that is involved in inositide‐dependent signaling pathways important for the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, we report that DGK‐ζ associated with nuclear matrix, the fundamental organizing principle of the nucleus where many cell functions take place, including DNA replication, gene expression, and protein phosphorylation. Nuclear DGK‐ζ increased during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, while DGK‐ζ down‐regulation by siRNA markedly impaired differentiation. Overall, our findings further support the importance of speckles and nuclear matrix in lipid‐dependent signaling and suggest that nuclear DGK‐ζ might play some fundamental role during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 370–378, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myotube depolarization generates reactive oxygen species through NAD(P)H oxidase; ROS‐elicited Ca2+ stimulates ERK, CREB, early genes
Authors: Espinosa Alejandra , Leiva Aida , Peña Marisol , Müller Mariolly , Debandi Anibal , Hidalgo Cecilia , Angélica Carrasco M. , Jaimovich Enrique 
Published: August 2006

AbstractControlled generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to physiological intracellular signaling events. We determined ROS generation in primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle after field stimulation (400 1‐ms pulses at a frequency of 45 Hz) or after depolarization with 65 mM K+ for 1 min. Both protocols induced a long lasting increase in dichlorofluorescein fluorescence used as ROS indicator. Addition of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, PEG‐catalase, a ROS scavenger, or nifedipine, an inhibitor of the skeletal muscle voltage sensor, significantly reduced this increase. Myotubes contained both the p47phox and gp91phox phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, as revealed by immunodetection. To study the effects of ROS, myotubes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations (100–200 µM) that did not alter cell viability; H2O2 induced a transient intracellular Ca2+ rise, measured as fluo‐3 fluorescence. Minutes after Ca2+ signal initiation, an increase in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation and of mRNA for the early genes c‐fos and c‐jun was detected. Inhibition of ryanodine receptor (RyR) decreased all effects induced by H2O2 and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors DPI and apocynin decreased ryanodine‐sensitive calcium signals. Activity‐dependent ROS generation is likely to be involved in regulation of calcium‐controlled intracellular signaling pathways in muscle cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 379–388, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.