bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing for organizational death: Proactive HR engagement in an organizational transition
Authors: Marks Mitchell Lee , Vansteenkiste Ronny 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article describes an HR team's call to action in managing an organization's transition from healthy, vibrant, and financially successful workplace to its death after being acquired. The HR team countered conventional practice in two key ways. First, despite being from the seller's side, it acted unusually early in the company's acquisition and operated proactively throughout the integration process. This constructive approach stemmed from the self‐confidence developed in the HR function over years of process improvement and culture change. Second, the HR professionals were motivated (rather than threatened) by the high stakes involved in this organizational transition. Their company—with its industry‐leading business results and a loyal, long‐tenured workforce—was slated to be closed, dismantled, and auctioned off in pieces to other firms. The HR team's mission was to help people deal with the death of their current employer and prepare for life afterward while maintaining a focus on business results. This article shows how HR helped senior leadership handle the challenge of retaining the talent needed to meet customer commitments and keep the business running while also readying people for an uncertain future with many eventual layoffs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The twenty‐first‐century HR organization
Authors: Ulrich Dave , Younger Jon , Brockbank Wayne 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLike any value‐creating staff function, HR departments should operate as a business within a business. Others have focused on the strategy and direction of HR departments. This article examines the next evolution for how HR department organization structure can deliver value based on two premises: (1) HR organization should be structurally aligned with the organization structure of the business and (2) because diversified/allied business models prevail, it is important to lay out the five roles and responsibilities of HR that respond to this organization model: service centers, corporate, centers of expertise, embedded HR, and operational HR. The article lays out the duties of each role, the relationship among these roles, and suggestions for implementing this new HR structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing alpine watershed attributes from LiDAR, Photogrammetric, and Contour‐based Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Hopkinson Chris , Hayashi Masaki , Peddle Derek 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAs part of an alpine hydrological study in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, three digital elevation model (DEM) data sets were obtained for the purpose of watershed characterization. The data sources were: (1) archived public access BC TRIM (Terrain Resource Information Management) 1:20 000 contour vectors; (2) stereo aerial photography DEM with a derived point spacing between 5 m and 20 m; (3) airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) with point spacing from 1 m to 4 m. GIS layers of terrain and watershed attributes were created for each of the three DEM data sets at grid cell resolutions of 5 m and 25 m. Watershed attributes investigated were: DEM elevation, area, hypsometry, and stream network topology. In areas of lower relief and forest cover, the TRIM contour DEM contained topological errors at both 5 m and 25 m resolutions due to the poor representation of terrain from widely spaced contours. The photo DEM introduced obvious stream topology errors at 25 m due to the inability of the photo DEM to discern subtle terrain beneath forest canopies. The photo and TRIM DEMs overestimated basin hypsometry relative to the LiDAR watersheds at highest elevations due, in part, to their inability to represent the inside of gullies and steps associated with geological strata. In the case of the photo DEM, selectively digitizing break lines such as cliff edges, while missing shadowed areas, led to the creation of an interpolated surface that was biased towards the outer extremities of the terrain. Conversely, relative to the photo‐based datasets, the LiDAR DEM better captured the inside of gullies and steps while under‐sampling break line features, leading to a bias in the interpolated surface towards internal terrain extremities. As would be expected, the quality and resolution of the terrain data increased from BC TRIM to photo to LiDAR. If modelling watersheds within the Canadian Rockies at the meso scale and above, BC TRIM (or equivalent) 1:20 000 contour vectors would be most appropriate given availability and cost considerations. The benefits of LiDAR are apparent if higher resolution and more accurate watershed attribute information is needed detailing first‐order hydrological channel features on steep shadowed mountain slopes or zero‐order hill‐slope depressions beneath forest canopies. Such landscape features provide preferential storages for winter snowpack in mountainous watersheds, suggesting that in the future LiDAR might be a tool of choice for snowpack resource monitoring in these regions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A constitutive model for water flow in unsaturated fractured rocks
Authors: Guarracino Luis , Quintana Fernando 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA conceptual model for describing effective saturation in fractured hard rock is presented. The fracture network and the rock matrix are considered as an equivalent continuum medium where each fracture is conceptualized as a porous medium of granular structure and the rock matrix is assumed to be impermeable. The proposed model is based on the representation of a rough‐walled fracture by an equivalent porous medium, which is described using classical constitutive models. A simple closed‐form equation for the effective saturation is obtained when the van Genuchten model is used to describe saturation inside fractures and fractal laws are assumed for both aperture and number of fractures. The relative hydraulic conductivity for the fractured rock is predicted from a simple relation derived by Liu and Bodvarsson. The proposed constitutive model contains three independent parameters, which may be obtained by fitting the proposed effective saturation curve to experimental data. Two of the model parameters have physical meaning and can be identified with the reciprocal of the air entry pressure values in the fractures of minimum and maximum apertures. Effective saturation and relative hydraulic conductivity curves match fairly well the simulated constitutive relations obtained by Liu and Bodvarsson. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of Chinese Loess Plateau summer rainfall using Pacific Ocean spring sea surface temperature
Authors: Yasuda H. , Berndtsson R. , Saito T. , Anyoji H. , Zhang X. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Loess Plateau in China constitutes an important source area for both water and sediments to the Yellow River. Thus, improved prediction techniques of rainfall may lead to better estimation of discharge and sediment content for the Yellow River. Consequently, the objective of this study was to establish better links between rainfall of the Loess Plateau in China and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Results showed that there is a strong lagged correlation between and SST and rainfall. The SST for Micronesia and areas south of the Aleutian Islands showed significant correlations (s.f. < 0·001; 99·9%) with rainfall over the dryer region of the Loess Plateau for a lag of 4 to 6 months. The SST over the equator on the east Pacific Ocean also showed significant negative correlation with rainfall. Low and middle latitude areas (S10–20° and around 30° ) of the south‐east Pacific Ocean displayed significant positive and negative correlation with rainfall on the semiarid Loess Plateau. The differenced SST values (positive SST minus negative SST) increased these correlations with rainfall. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict summer rainfall from the differenced SST during the spring period. The correlation between predicted and observed monthly rainfall was in general larger than 0·7. This indicates that major annual rainfall (during summer season) can be predicted with good accuracy using the suggested approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization and simulation of reservoir operation with sediment evacuation: a case study of the Tarbela Dam, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Noor M , Tingsanchali Tawatchai 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMany reservoirs around the world are being operated based on rule curves developed without considering the evacuation of deposited sediment. Current reservoir simulation and optimization models fall short of incorporating the concept of sustainability because the reservoir storage losses due to sedimentation are not considered. This study develops a new model called Reservoir Optimization‐Simulation with Sediment Evacuation (ROSSE) model. The model utilizes genetic algorithm based optimization capabilities and embeds the sediment evacuation module into the simulation module. The sediment evacuation module is implemented using the Tsinghua university flushing equation. The ROSSE model is applied to optimize the rule curves of Tarbela Reservoir, the largest reservoir in Pakistan with chronic sedimentation problems. In the present study, rule curves are optimized for maximization of net economic benefits from water released. The water released can be used for irrigation, power production, sediment evacuation, and for flood control purposes. Relative weights are used to combine the benefits from these conflicting water uses. Nine sets of rule curves are compared, namely existing rule curves and proposed rule curves for eight scenarios developed for various policy options. These optimized rule curves show an increase of net individual economic benefits ranging from 9 to 248% over the existing rule curves. The shortage of irrigation supply during the simulation period is reduced by 38% and reservoir sustainability is enhanced by 28% through increased sediment evacuation. The study concludes that by modifying the operating policy and rule curves, it is possible to enhance the reservoir's sustainability and maximize the net economic benefits. The developed methodology and the model can be used for optimization of rule curves of other reservoirs with sedimentation problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms underlying the micron‐scale segregation of sterols and GM1 in live mammalian sperm
Authors: Selvaraj Vimal , Asano Atsushi , Buttke Danielle E. , Sengupta Prabuddha , Weiss Robert S. , Travis Alexander J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate for the first time that a stable, micron‐scale segregation of focal enrichments of sterols exists at physiological temperature in the plasma membrane of live murine and human sperm. These enrichments of sterols represent microheterogeneities within this membrane domain overlying the acrosome. Previously, we showed that cholera toxin subunit B (CTB), which binds the glycosphingolipid, GM1, localizes to this same domain in live sperm. Interestingly, the GM1 undergoes an unexplained redistribution upon cell death. We now demonstrate that GM1 is also enriched in the acrosome, an exocytotic vesicle. Transfer of lipids between this and the plasma membrane occurs at cell death, increasing GM1 in the plasma membrane without apparent release of acrosomal contents. This finding provides corroborative support for an emerging model of regulated exocytosis in which membrane communications might occur without triggering the “acrosome reaction.” Comparison of the dynamics of CTB‐bound endogenous GM1 and exogenous BODIPY–GM1 in live murine sperm demonstrate that the sub‐acrosomal ring (SAR) functions as a specialized diffusion barrier segregating specific lipids within the sperm head plasma membrane. Our data show significant differences between endogenous lipids and exogenous lipid probes in terms of lateral diffusion. Based on these studies, we propose a hierarchical model to explain the segregation of this sterol‐ and GM1‐enriched domain in live sperm, which is positioned to regulate sperm fertilization competence and mediate interactions with the oocyte. Moreover, our data suggest potential origins of subtypes of membrane raft microdomains enriched in sterols and/or GM1 that can be separated biochemically. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 522–536, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hormonal response of male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) to GnRH challenge
Authors: Husak Jerry F. , Irschick Duncan J. , Henningsen Justin P. , Kirkbride Kimberly S. , Lailvaux Simon P. , Moore Ignacio T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCirculating plasma levels of testosterone often differ among social classes of sexually mature males within a population, but the general physiological mechanisms underlying such differences remain unclear. Within sexually mature male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), smaller “lightweight” males have on average relatively smaller heads, lower bite‐forces, and lower testosterone levels compared with larger “heavyweight” males. We conducted gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) challenges on lightweight and heavyweight males to determine if lightweight males were capable of producing comparable levels of circulating testosterone to heavyweight males but are socially or physiologically suppressed from doing so. We challenged lightweight and heavyweight males with chicken I and II GnRH and measured their resulting levels of testosterone and corticosterone. Neither lightweights nor heavyweights increased circulating testosterone levels after GnRH challenge, suggesting they are already at maximal production levels, consistent with the Challenge Hypothesis. Instead, testosterone levels tended to decrease and corticosterone levels increased, most likely owing to the stress response associated with handling. Our results are dramatically different from GnRH challenges conducted in bird species, suggesting that more field studies are needed in reptilian systems. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:105–114, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of tritium labelled thiorphan, an enkephalinase inhibitor
Authors: Wu Shao‐Yong , Masjedizadeh Mohammad R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTritium labelling of the enkephalinase inhibitor, thiorphan, is complicated by the presence of mercapto functional group. Reactions often used in aromatic tritiation, such as halogination and catalytic halogen/tritium displacement, are adversely affected by the presence of the divalent sulfur moeity. By protecting the SH group witht‐butyl group, the tritiation reaction proceeded smoothly without catalyst poisoning. The mercapto functionality was re‐generated with great ease and efficiency using 2‐nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride and dithiothreitol (DTT). [3H]‐Thiorphan, thus, obtained had a radiochemical purity of >99% by AN‐HPLC and a specific activity of 18.42 Ci/mmol. [3H]‐Thiorphan showed good stability when stored at 4°C in an aqueous solution containing 10% methanol and 0.2% DTT in the dark. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of temperature on the stability of compounds used as UV‐MALDI‐MS matrix: 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, nor‐harmane and harmane
Authors: Tarzi Olga I. , Nonami Hiroshi , Erra‐Balsells Rosa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe thermal stability of several commonly used crystalline matrix‐assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (UV‐MALDI‐MS) matrices, 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid; GA), 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone (THA), α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC), 3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapinic acid; SA), 9H‐pirido[3,4‐b]indole (nor‐harmane; nor‐Ho), 1‐methyl‐9H‐pirido[3,4‐b]indole (harmane; Ho), perchlorate of nor‐harmanonium ([nor‐Ho + H]+) and perchlorate of harmanonium ([Ho + H]+) was studied by heating them at their melting point and characterizing the remaining material by using different MS techniques [electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI‐MS), ultraviolet laserdesorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (UV‐LDI‐TOF‐MS) and electrospray ionization‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS)] as well as by thin layer chromatography analysis (TLC), electronic spectroscopy (UV‐absorption, fluorescence emission and excitation spectroscopy) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR). In general, all compounds, except for CHC and SA, remained unchanged after fusion. CHC showed loss of CO2, yielding the trans‐/cis‐4‐hydroxyphenylacrilonitrile mixture. This mixture was unambiguously characterized by MS and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and its sublimation capability was demonstrated. These results explain the well‐known cluster formation, fading (vanishing) and further recovering of CHC when used as a matrix in UV‐MALDI‐MS. Commercial SA (SA 98%; trans‐SA/cis‐SA 5 : 1) showed mainly cis‐ to‐trans thermal isomerization and, with very poor yield, loss of CO2, yielding (3′,5′‐dimethoxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐ethene as the decarboxilated product. These thermal conversions would not drastically affect its behavior as a UV‐MALDI matrix as happens in the case of CHC. Complementary studies of the photochemical stability of these matrices in solid state were also conducted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical sensing with photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Frazão O. , Santos J.L. , Araújo F.M. , Ferreira L.A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA review of optical fiber sensing demonstrations based on photonic crystal fibers is presented. The text is organized in five main sections: the first three deal with sensing approaches relying on fiber Bragg gratings, long‐period gratings and interferometric structures; the fourth one reports applications of these fibers for gas and liquid sensing; finally, the last section focuses on the exploitation of nonlinear effects in photonic crystal fibers for sensing.
Share price reactions to advertising announcements and broadcast of media events
Authors: Filbeck Greg , Zhao Xin , Tompkins Daniel , Chong Peggy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOver the last two decades, marketers have gravitated toward placing their ads in specific television programs such as the Super Bowl, Academy Awards, and the last episodes of sitcoms. While anecdotal evidence of positive outcomes in the form of increased sales, phone inquiries, and hits on the web sites of advertisers, there has not been any credible measurement of investor returns in this expensive strategy. We find that firms advertising for the first time, with greater advertising expenditures relative to sales, and with more effective/creative campaigns fare better in terms of the market reaction to their campaigns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of amounts and 13C content of metabolites in brain tissue using high‐ resolution magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Risa Øystein , Melø Torun Margareta , Sonnewald Ursula 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMetabolic pathway mapping using 13C NMR spectroscopy has been used extensively to study interactions between neurons and glia in the brain. Established extraction procedures of brain tissue are time consuming and may result in degradation of labile substances. We examined the potential of mapping 13C‐enriched compounds in intact brain tissue using high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Sprague–Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of [1,6‐13C]glucose, and 15 min later the animals were subjected to microwave fixation of the brain. Quantification of concentration and 13C labelling of metabolites in intact rat thalamus were carried out based on exogenous ethylene glycol concentrations measured from 1H NMR spectra using an ERETIC (Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations) signal. The results from intact tissue were compared with those from perchloric acid‐extracted brain tissue. Amounts of 13C labelling at different positions (C2, C3 and C4) in glutamate, glutamine, γ‐aminobutyric acid and aspartate measured in either intact tissue or perchloric acid extracts were not significantly different. Proton NMR spectra were used for quantification of six different amino acids plus lactate, inositol, N‐acetylaspartate, creatine and phosphocreatine. Again, results were very similar when comparing the methods. To our knowledge, this is the first time quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on intact brain tissue ex vivo using the HR‐MAS technique. The results show that HR‐MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy in combination with 1H NMR spectroscopy and the ERETIC method is useful for metabolic studies of intact brain tissue ex vivo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sources of hepatic triglyceride accumulation during high‐fat feeding in the healthy rat
Authors: Delgado T. C. , Pinheiro D. , Caldeira M. , Castro M. M. C. A. , Geraldes C. F. G. C. , López‐Larrubia P. , Cerdán S. , Jones J. G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHepatic triglyceride (HTG) accumulation from peripheral dietary sources and from endogenous de novo lipogenesis (DNL) was quantified in adult Sprague–Dawley rats by combining in vivo localized 1H MRS measurement of total hepatic lipid with a novel ex vivo 2H NMR analysis of HTG 2H enrichment from 2H‐enriched body water. The methodology for DNL determination needs further validation against standard methodologies. To examine the effect of a high‐fat diet on HTG concentrations and sources, animals (n = 5) were given high‐fat chow for 35 days. HTG accumulation, measured by in vivo 1H MRS, increased significantly after 1 week (3.85 ± 0.60% vs 2.13 ± 0.34% for animals fed on a standard chow diet, P < 0.05) and was maintained until week 5 (3.30 ± 0.60% vs 1.12 ± 0.30%, P < 0.05). Animals fed on a high‐fat diet were glucose intolerant (13.3 ± 1.3 vs 9.4 ± 0.8 mM in animals fed on a standard chow diet, for 60 min glycemia after glucose challenge, P < 0.05). In control animals, DNL accounted for 10.9 ± 1.0% of HTG, whereas in animals given the high‐fat diet, the DNL contribution was significantly reduced to 1.0 ± 0.2% (P < 0.01 relative to controls). In a separate study to determine the response of HTG to weaning from a high‐fat diet, animals with raised HTG (3.33 ± 0.51%) after 7days of a high‐fat diet reverted to basal HTG concentrations (0.76 ± 0.06%) after an additional 7 days of weaning on a standard chow diet. These studies show that, in healthy rats, HTG concentrations are acutely influenced by dietary lipid concentrations. Although the DNL contribution to HTG content is suppressed by a high‐fat diet in adult Sprague–Dawley rats, this effect is insufficient to prevent overall increases in HTG concentrations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural theory in use: the intersection of structure, process and communication in business practice
Authors: Schuster Camille P. , Copeland Michael J. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Examining and understanding the culture of 200+ countries to determine how business is conducted in those countries is a daunting and overwhelming prospect. By combining theories of culture, it is possible to create a Classification Of Cultures Model using Time, Task and Relationship concepts. However, this model does not suggest how to adapt when conducting business in a particular political/economic environment. Continua of cultural elements related to conducting business are created based upon structural elements, process elements and communication elements. Combining the continua with the Classification of Cultures Model creates the Global Business Process Model. This framework is a way to capture the array of cultures, identify similarities and differences in business practices, and provide a starting point for creating adaptive strategies and behaviours.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.