bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTIVE TRANSFERS AND p-LOCAL FINITE GROUPS
Authors: Ragnarsson Kári 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we explore the possibility of defining $p$-local finite groups in terms of transfer properties of their classifying spaces. More precisely, we consider the question, posed by Haynes Miller, of whether an equivalent theory can be obtained by studying triples $(f,t,X)$, where $X$ is a $p$-complete, nilpotent space with a finite fundamental group, $f:BS\to X$ is a map from the classifying space of a finite $p$-group, and $t$ is a stable retraction of $f$ satisfying Frobenius reciprocity at the level of stable homotopy. We refer to $t$ as a retractive transfer of $f$ and to $(f,t,X)$ as a retractive transfer triple over $S$.In the case where $S$ is elementary abelian, we answer this question in the affirmative by showing that a retractive transfer triple $(f,t,X)$ over $S$ does indeed induce a $p$-local finite group over $S$ with $X$ as its classifying space.Using previous results obtained by the author, we show that the converse is true for general finite $p$-groups. That is, for a $p$-local finite group $(S,\mathcal{F},\mathcal{L})$, the natural inclusion $\theta:BS\to X$ has a retractive transfer $t$, making $(\theta,t,|\mathcal{L}|^{\wedge}_p)$ a retractive transfer triple over $S$. This also requires a proof, obtained jointly with Ran Levi, that $|\mathcal{L}|^{\wedge}_p$ is a nilpotent space, which is of independent interest.
ON AN ORDER-BASED CONSTRUCTION OF A TOPOLOGICAL GROUPOID FROM AN INVERSE SEMIGROUP
Authors: Lenz Daniel H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe show how to construct a topological groupoid directly from an inverse semigroup and prove that it is isomorphic to the universal groupoid introduced by Paterson. We then turn to a certain reduction of this groupoid. In the case of inverse semigroups arising from graphs (respectively, tilings), we prove that this reduction is the graph groupoid introduced by Kumjian \et (respectively, the tiling groupoid of Kellendonk). We also study the open invariant sets in the unit space of this reduction in terms of certain order ideals of the underlying inverse semigroup. This can be used to investigate the ideal structure of the associated reduced $C^\ast$-algebra.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA
Authors: SCHWEKENDIEK DANIEL 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThis paper investigates height and weight differences between the two Koreas by comparing national anthropometric data published by the South Korean Research Institute of Standard and Science with United Nations survey data collected inside North Korea in 2002. For socioeconomic reasons, pre-school children raised in the developing country of North Korea are up to 13 cm shorter and up to 7 kg lighter than children who were brought up in South Korea – an OECD member. North Korean women were also found to weigh up to 9 kg less than their Southern counterparts.
De-centring Twentieth-Century Women's Movements
Authors: Davidson Denise Z. 
Published: July 2008

Cheryl Law, Suffrage and Power: The Women's Movement, 1918–1928 (London: I. B. Taurus, 1997), 260 pp., £39.50, ISBN 1-86064-201-2.Christine Bard, ed., Un Siècle d'antiféminisme (Paris: Fayard, 1999), 481 pp., FF 150.00, ISBN 2-213-60285-9.Kathryn Kish Sklar, Anja Schüler and Susan Strasser, eds., Social Justice Feminists in the United States and Germany: A Dialogue in Documents, 1885–1933 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 381 pp., $19.95, ISBN. 0-8014-8469-3.Leila Rupp, Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women's Movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 325 pp., cloth $55.00, pb $19.95, ISBN 0-691-01675-5.Mrinalini Sinha, Donna Guy and Angela Woollacott, eds., Feminisms and Internationalism, Gender and History Special Issue, 264 pp. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999). $24.95, ISBN 0-631-20919-0.When we think of the women's movements of the early twentieth century,
organisations like Britain's WSPU (Women's Social and Political Union) come to
mind and we envision suffragettes marching and getting themselves arrested in cities
like London. None of the books discussed here deals with this ‘mainstream’ view of
feminism. Instead, they investigate women's movements and reactions to them from
other perspectives. Approaching their subject matter from different angles, these
recent works offer new interpretations of the history of feminism in the twentieth
century. Together they make us consider a geographical re-focusing on the subject
of women's movements. They raise questions about the chronology of feminism;
they highlight the complicated relationships between ‘globalisation’ and nationalism
and centre and periphery; and they draw attention to changing definitions of
feminism depending on time and place and the issues at stake.
The Rise of National Socialism in Germany
Authors: Herf Jeffrey 
Published: July 2008

Peter Fritzsche, Germans into Nazis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 269 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-674-35091-X.Dan P. Silverman, Hitler's Economy: Nazi Work Creation Programs, 1933–1936 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 384 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-674-74071-8.Roderick Stackelberg, Hitler's Germany: Origins, Interpretations, Legacies (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), 432 pp., hb, £50.00, ISBN 0-415-2011414-4.Conan Fischer, ed., The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes in Weimar Germany (Providence and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1996), 256 pp., hb, $55.00, £37.00, ISBN 1-571-81915-0.Saul Friedlander, Nazi Germany and the Jews, Vol. I: The Era of Persecution, 1933–1939 (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 448 pp., hb, $30.00 ISBN 0-060-19042-6.These works address, among other issues, the following: how widespread was support for Nazism before and after 1933 and how can this support be explained? What was the core of Nazi antisemitism, how important was it to the history of the regime, and how was it translated into policy? Several also demonstrate that, amidst the vast forest of specialist studies, it is also possible to write valuable synthetic works.
On the Edge Distribution of a Graph
Authors: NIKIFOROV V. 
Published: July 2008

We investigate a graph function which is related to the local density, the maximal cut and
the least eigenvalue of a graph. In particular it enables us to prove the following assertions.Let p [ges ] 3 be an integer, c ∈ (0, 1/2) and G be a Kp-free graph on n vertices with e [les ] cn2 edges. There exists a positive constant α = α (c, p) such that:(a) some [lfloor ]n/2[rfloor ]-subset of V (G) induces at most (c-4 − α) n2 edges (this answers a question of Paul Erdős);(b) G can be made bipartite by the omission of at most (c-2 − α) n2 edges.
A Multidimensional Generalization of the Erdős–Szekeres Lemma on Monotone Subsequences
Authors: SZABÓ TIBOR , TARDOS GÁBOR 
Published: July 2008

We consider an extension of the Monotone Subsequence lemma of Erdős and Szekeres in higher dimensions. Let v1,…,vn ∈ ℝd be a sequence of real vectors. For a subset I ⊆ [n] and vector [srarr ]c ∈ {0,1}d we say that I is [srarr ]c-free if there are no i < j ∈ I, such that, for every k = 1,…,d, vik < vik if and only if [srarr ]ck = 0. We construct sequences of vectors with the property that the largest [srarr ]c-free subset is small for every choice of [srarr ]c. In particular, for d = 2 the largest [srarr ]c-free subset is O(n⅝) for all the four possible [srarr ]c. The smallest possible value remains far from being determined.We also consider and resolve a simpler variant of the problem.
The prevalence of underweight in 9–10-year-old schoolchildren in Liverpool: 1998–2006
Authors: Boddy Lynne M , Hackett Allan F , Stratton Gareth 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of underweight between 1998 and 2006 in Liverpool schoolchildren aged 9–10 years using recently published underweight cut-off points.Design and settingStature and body mass data collected at the LiverpoolSportsLinx project’s fitness testing sessions were used to calculate BMI.SubjectsData were available on 26 782 (n13 637 boys, 13 145 girls) participants.ResultsOverall underweight declined in boys from 10·3 % in 1998–1999 to 6·9 % in 2005–2006, and all sub-classifications of underweight declined, in particular grade 3 underweight, with the most recent prevalence being 0·1 %. In girls, the prevalence of underweight declined from 10·8 % in 1998–1999 to 7·5 % in 2005–2006. The prevalence of all grades of underweight was higher in girls than in boys. Underweight showed a fluctuating pattern across all grades over time for boys and girls, and overall prevalence in 2005–2006 represents over 200 children across the city.ConclusionsUnderweight may have reduced slightly from baseline, but remains a substantial problem in Liverpool, with the prevalence of overall underweight being relatively similar to the prevalence of obesity. The present study highlights the requirement for policy makers and funders to consider both ends of the body mass spectrum when fixing priorities in child health.
Child nutrition in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: time to redirect strategies?
Authors: Cattaneo Adriano , Timmer Arnold , Bomestar Tamara , Bua Jenny , Kumar Sanjiv , Tamburlini Giorgio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundCountries in the Commonwealth of Independent States made little progress in child nutrition and mortality between 1990 and 2005. The present paper assesses the nutritional status of children <5 years of age and discusses possible strategies for improvement.MethodsData on low birth weight, infant and young child feeding, underweight, overweight and micronutrient deficiencies were compiled from available reports and databases, complemented through questionnaires to UNICEF Country Offices, and analysed by country, age, gender, urban/rural residence, maternal education and wealth quintiles.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding in the first 6 months and continuing breast-feeding up to 2 years fall short of WHO and UNICEF recommendations. Complementary foods are introduced too early and may be poor in protein and micronutrients. Stunting and underweight are prevalent, especially in children aged 12 to 35 months; overweight is even more prevalent. Vitamin A and I deficiencies are still present in some countries, despite current control efforts. Anaemia ranges between 20 % and 40 %. Higher rates of malnutrition are found in rural areas, children of less educated mothers and lower-income families.DiscussionCurrent public health strategies should be redirected to address: (i) overall protection, promotion and support of infant and young child feeding, in addition to breast-feeding; (ii) overweight, in addition to underweight and stunting; and (iii) malnutrition as a whole, in addition to micronutrient deficiencies. An equity lens should be used in developing policies and plans and implementing and monitoring programmes. Capacity building, cross-sectoral action, improved data collection within adequate legal frameworks and community engagement should be the pillars of redirected strategies.
A qualitative study of the experiences of women with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Vilhauer Ruvanee P. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTObjective:My objective was to investigate the experiences of women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer.Method:I did a qualitative study based on interview data. Fourteen women with metastatic breast cancer were recruited into a larger study of online support group use. Participants were interviewed by phone.Results:The women indicated that they experience distress because of concerns about body image, declines in aspects of their sexual lives, and worries about the effect of stress on their illness. The stress that worries these women comes from fear of dying, fear of disease progression and debilitation, the loss of their future, and practical concerns. The women were also likely to experience a decline in daily activity after being diagnosed with metastatic disease. They become less active because of the physical symptoms of the illness and the side effects of treatments, the medicalization of their lifestyle, their desire to avoid stressful situations, the constraints imposed by their social world, and the need to maintain disability benefits. Although women are often in need of emotional and material support from others after they are diagnosed, social support can decrease, both because women find it difficult to be open about the difficulties they face and because the responses of others are not adequately supportive. Distress and declines in daily activity and social support can feed into each other to create a vicious circle.Significance of results:This paper makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing a rich description of how metastatic breast cancer affects women. Further research, with more diverse samples, is needed in this understudied area.
Lung cancer: Challenges and solutions for supportive care intervention research
Authors: Schofield Penelope , Ugalde Anna , Carey Mariko , Mileshkin Linda , Duffy Mary , Ball David , Aranda Sanchia 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. It is associated with a high level of morbidity, particularly fatigue, pain, breathlessness, and coughing. These symptoms can have a substantial impact on psychosocial functioning. It is critical to have effective interventions demonstrated to improve quality of life particularly for those with advanced disease. However there is a paucity of high quality intervention research to guide practice in this area. This article discusses the challenges in conducting supportive care research in this group, including the patient's level of literacy in English, poor performance status, rapidly fluctuating health status, and familial or professional “gate-keeping.” Many of these challenges can be overcome by broadening eligibility criteria, permitting some flexibility in relation to recruitment and data collection procedures, working closely with the treatment team, involving the patient's family, minimizing practical difficulties associated with intervention delivery, and reducing study burden in other ways, such as limiting the amount of data collected from the patient and shortening follow-up time intervals. We explore these potential solutions drawing on the experience of conducting a randomized controlled trial of a support intervention for people with lung cancer and their family.
Quality of life among women after surgery for ovarian cancer
Authors: Schulman-Green Dena , Ercolano Elizabeth , Dowd Michael , Schwartz Peter , Mccorkle Ruth 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives:Difficulties with diagnosis and aggressive, long-term treatment may result in lower quality of life (QOL), including high levels of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty, greater symptom distress, and lower overall QOL among women with avarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe demographic, clinical, and other risk factors associated with compromised QOL among women who have undergone surgery for avarian malignancies.Methods:Subjects were recruited to participate in a clinical trial that tested a specialized nursing intervention addressing psychological and physical care among women post-surgical for avarian cancer. QOL was measured using five standardized self-report measures: the State-Trait Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Baseline data were collected while women were hospitalized following surgery.Results:The sample (n=145) included women with avarian cancer (58%) and other cancers metastasized to the avaries and abdomen (42%). Mean scores on the measures were consistent with or higher than previously reported means for similar populations. Women reporting the lowest QOL were more likely to be younger, more educated, and have early stage disease.Significance of results:Women who have undergone surgery for ovarian malignancies have psychological needs that are often considered secondary to physical needs. Interventions should include routine screening for distress and referral to appropriate psychological and social services, thereby facilitating quality cancer care.
International Life Sciences Institute (Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, HESI) initiative on moving towards better predictors of drug‐induced torsades de pointes
Authors: Bass A S , Darpo B , Breidenbach A , Bruse K , Feldman H S , Garnes D , Hammond T , Haverkamp W , January C , Koerner J , Lawrence C , Leishman D , Roden D , Valentin J P , Vos M A , Zhou Y‐Y , Karluss T , Sager P 
Published: July 2008

Knowledge of the cardiac safety of emerging new drugs is an important aspect of assuring the expeditious advancement of the best candidates targeted at unmet medical needs while also assuring the safety of clinical trial subjects or patients. Present methodologies for assessing drug‐induced torsades de pointes (TdP) are woefully inadequate in terms of their specificity to select pharmaceutical agents, which are human arrhythmia toxicants. Thus, the critical challenge in the pharmaceutical industry today is to identify experimental models, composite strategies, or biomarkers of cardiac risk that can distinguish a drug, which prolongs cardiac ventricular repolarization, but is not proarrhythmic, from one that prolongs the QT interval and leads to TdP. To that end, the HESI Proarrhythmia Models Project Committee recognized that there was little practical understanding of the relationship between drug effects on cardiac ventricular repolarization and the rare clinical event of TdP. It was on that basis that a workshop was convened in Virginia, USA at which four topics were introduced by invited subject matter experts in the following fields: Molecular and Cellular Biology Underlying TdP, Dynamics of Periodicity, Models of TdP Proarrhythmia, and Key Considerations for Demonstrating Utility of Pre‐Clinical Models. Contained in this special issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology are reports from each of the presenters that set out the background and key areas of discussion in each of these topic areas. Based on this information, the scientific community is encouraged to consider the ideas advanced in this workshop and to contribute to these important areas of investigations over the next several years. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 1491–1501; doi:fn8
Induction of BAG2 protein during proteasome inhibitor‐induced apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma cells
Authors: Wang H‐Q , Zhang H‐Y , Hao F‐J , Meng X , Guan Y , Du Z‐X 
Published: July 2008

Background and purpose:Proteasome inhibitors exhibit cytotoxic against tumours of different histology. However, the mechanism of apoptosis induction by these compounds remains unclear and is likely to be a complex cascade of events. Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene (BAG) family proteins are characterized by their property of interaction with a variety of partners involved in modulating the proliferation/death balance, including heat shock proteins (HSP), Bcl‐2, Raf‐1. The role of BAG family proteins in proteasome inhibition has not been elucidated.Experimental approach:Effects of proteasome inhibitors on BAG2 expression were evaluated using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). BAG2 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNAs (siRNA). Cell death was evaluated using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and subsequent FACS.Key results:The proteasome inhibitors, MG132, PSI, lactacystin and epoxomicin, induced BAG2 at the transcriptional level. MG132‐induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed by BAG2 knockdown using RNA interference.Conclusions and implications:Our results suggest that BAG2 is a novel molecule induced by proteasome inhibition, which exhibits a pro‐apoptotic property in death of thyroid cancer cells induced by proteasome inhibition.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 655–660; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.302; published online 28 July 2008
Preparation, Clinical Support, and Confidence of Speech-Language Pathologists Managing Clients With a Tracheostomy in Australia
Authors: Ward Elizabeth , Agius Emma , Solley Maura , Cornwell Petrea , Jones Claire 
Published: July 2008

Purpose
To describe the preparation and training, clinical support, and confidence of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in relation to tracheostomy client care in Australia.

Method
A survey was sent to 90 SLPs involved in tracheostomy management across Australia. The survey contained questions relating to preparation and training, clinical support, and confidence.

Results
The response rate was high (76%). The majority of SLPs were pursuing a range of professional development activities, had clinical support available, and felt confident providing care of clients with tracheostomies. Despite these findings, 45% of SLPs were not up-to-date with evidence-based practice, less than 30% were knowledgeable of the advances in tracheostomy tube technology, and only 16% felt they worked as part of an optimal team. Only half were confident and had clinical support for managing clients who were ventilated. Most (88%) believed additional training opportunities would be beneficial.

Conclusions
The current data highlight issues for health care facilities and education providers to address regarding the training and support needs of SLPs providing tracheostomy client care.
Principles of Motor Learning in Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: Maas Edwin , Robin Donald A. , Austermann Hula Shannon N. , Freedman Skott E. , Wulf Gabriele , Ballard Kirrie J. , Schmidt Richard A. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose
There has been renewed interest on the part of speech-language pathologists to understand how the motor system learns and determine whether principles of motor learning, derived from studies of nonspeech motor skills, apply to treatment of motor speech disorders. The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce principles that enhance motor learning for nonspeech motor skills and to examine the extent to which these principles apply in treatment of motor speech disorders.

Method
This tutorial critically reviews various principles in the context of nonspeech motor learning by reviewing selected literature from the major journals in motor learning. The potential application of these principles to speech motor learning is then discussed by reviewing relevant literature on treatment of speech disorders. Specific attention is paid to how these principles may be incorporated into treatment for motor speech disorders.

Conclusions
Evidence from nonspeech motor learning suggests that various principles may interact with each other and differentially affect diverse aspects of movements. Whereas few studies have directly examined these principles in speech motor (re)learning, available evidence suggests that these principles hold promise for treatment of motor speech disorders. Further research is necessary to determine which principles apply to speech motor (re)learning in impaired populations.