bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cathodo-luminescence of Samarium as Applied to the Structural Studies of Alumina. II. On the Alumina Produced from Hydrous Alumina Gels
Authors: Iwase Eiichi , Nishiyama Seijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrous alumina gels were prepared from both solutions and crystals of a number of aluminium salts, in the former case by precipitation with ammonia and in the latter by direct immersion in concentrated ammonia liquor. Samarium ions were impregnated in these hydrous alumina gels or in their transition phases resulting from the previous thermal treatment of various temperatures. The feature of the cathodo-luminescence spectrum was investigated on the samarium-bearing alumina produced from the above-mentioned samples by a final heat treatment.
Spectrographic measurements of the cathodo-luminescence reveal that the heating of the hydrous alumina gels derived from a solution of aluminium nitrate results in their conversion to the α-alumina, while the heating of those from solutions of aluminium chloride and sulphate does not give the genuine α-modification. This was confirmed by the fact that the most intense band of a particular luminescence prototype III as designated by one of the present authors was observed in the cathodo-luminescence spectra.
The Υ-α transformation of alumina occurs at temperatures far below its transition temperature when a suitable amount of ammonium nitrate, the by-product of the neutralisation reaction, was caused to remain by heating the precipitated hydrous alumina gel, which was derived from a solution of aluminium nitrate at a moderately elevated temperature.
Similar remarkable results were, however, not obtained with hydrous alumina gels derived from solutions of aluminium chloride and sulphate, and also with the gel derived from a solution of aluminium nitrate, if the latter gel had been made free from the reaction by-product. An addition of ammonium nitrate to the purified alumina gels can no more regenerate the ability to accelerate the Υ-α transformation.
It is interesting to note that hydrous alumina gels obtained by immersing crystals of aluminium nitrate enneahydrate, aluminium chloride hexahydrate, aluminium sulphate octodecahydrate and ammonium alum in concentrated ammonia liquor for a sufficiently long time behave themselves, on being heated, in a somewhat similar way to those obtained by precipitation from the solutions of the foregoing aluminium salts.
Chemical Studies on Polyuronides. VI On the Mucilage of Nori-utsugi Plant, Hydrangea Paniculata, Sieb. (1)
Authors: Machida Seishi , Inano Mitsumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The mucilage of the inner bark of the Nori-utsugi plant Hydrangea paniculata, Sieb.) was found to be composed of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and d-galacturonic acid.
2. When the crude mucilagenous solution had stood for several days, a deposit appeared which might be composed of impurities. The purified mucilage was obtained from the supernatant clear solution. The purified mucilage was a polyuronide composed of galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid and it was considered to be the essential part of the mucilage.
3. Degraded mucilage was obtained by heating the crude mucilagenous solution at 120-125°C in an autoclave. It had the same component sugars as the purified mucilage,and represented the main structure of the mucilage.
4. The essential part of the mucilage was to a polyuronide composed of d-galacturonic acid, galactose and rhamnose in the molar raito of 10:7:3: that is,the molecular for mula is [(C6H8O6)10·(C6H10O5)7·(C6H10O4)3]20
5. The solution of the degraded mucilage exhibited the typical electroviscous behavior of polyelectrolyte.
Studies on A.C. Polarography. V. Theory of Reversible Wave
Authors: Senda Mitsugi , Tachi Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrolytic current due to the superposition of an alternating potential upon a constant potential applied to the electrode is approximately derived for the case of reversible reaction. The parameter which determines the reversibility of the a.c. electrolysis is also given. Using the above derived results, the instateneous electrolytic current as well as current-voltage curves of reversible Breyer’s and Fournier’s polarogram are shown.
On the Main Chemical Components dissolved in the Adjacent Waters to the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific
Authors: Fukai Rinnosuke , Shiokawa Fumiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The authors carried out the analyses of the main dissolved components of sea water on the samples collected from the Aleutian region in order to examine the local characteristics of the region under study. At the same time the samples collected from the Kuroshio region were analysed to check the systematic errors introduced. The results were expressed in terms of ratios to chlorinity. As a result, the following conclusions have been deduced.
1. The relative decrease in sulfate and sodium equivalents was recognized on the samples collected from the layer of temperature minimum. This seems to relate to freezing phenomena of sea water.
2. A tendency of sulfate increase in the surface samples was noticed.
3. Averaged values for the Aleutian region were in close agreement with those for the Kuroshio region, both having been obtained by the present authors. The values also coincided with those obtained by other workers, except for higher potassium values.
These facts may indicate that although the water masses existing in the Aleutian region are, on the whole, a portion of the oceanic circulation of the Pacific, a slight deviation from the normal composition appears in the main components in some characteristic layers.
Surface Chemistry of High Polymers. VI. The Monolayer of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Poly-N-vinyl Pyrrolidone
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As the result of the measurements of the interfacial pressure and potential of polyethylene terephthalate and poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone at the air/water and oil/water interfaces, it is concluded that the ring groups in the main chain make the polymer molecule rigid even at the oil/water interface, while that in the side chain is not essentially different from the chain groups. The film of poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone is relatively labile on the alkaline substrate.
Tin (II)-Strong Phosphoric Acid. A New Reagent for the Determination of Sulfate by Reduction to Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Kiba Toshiyasu , Takagi Tomoo , Yoshimura Yooko , Kishi Ikuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new reagent, “ Tin(II)-Strong Phosphoric Acid ”, has been prepared to permit a rapid and simple determination of sulfates by reducing to hydrogen sulfide. The reagent is stable at a room temperature but reacts-violently above 120°C. Evolved hydrogen sulfide after the reaction with this reagent is absorbed in zinc acetate-acetic acid solution and titrated iodometrically as usual. 1 ml of 0.02n iodine solution corresponds to 0.9607 mg. of sulfate ion. The apparatus for the preparation of the reagent and reduction of sulfate are illustrated. The determination of sulfur in various sulfates was carried out by this method and satisfactory results were obtained. Moreover, it seems to be an advantage of this method that solid samples can be treated directly in the reaction vessel.
The expense of the present research has been paid in part by a Grant for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education.
Rapid Determination of Sulfur in Organic Compounds by the Tin(II)-Strong Phosphoric Acid Reduction Method
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) A new method for the determination of sulfur in organic compounds has been established.
2) This method is based on the utilization of the reducing power of tin(II)-strong phosphoric acid and the oxidizing power of chromium(VI)-strong phosphoric acid.
3) Sulfur in organic compounds is reduced to hydrogen sulfide by heating with tin(II)-strong phosphoric acid directly (Procedure A) or after oxidizing with chromium(VI)-strong phosphoric acid (Procedure B).
4) The liberated hydrogen sulfide is absorbed in zinc acetate solution and estimated by the iodimetry.
5) The analytical results obtained for methylorange, sulfur guanidine, and cystine by the Procedure A and for thiourea, methi-onine, acetylmethionine, and thionalide by the Procedure B were given.
A Quantum-Mechanical Consideration of Chemical Reaction Rates
Authors: Yasumori Iwao , Fueki Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The transmission coefficient for the simplified two-dimensional potential barrier has been obtained and its property depending on the curvatures of the barrier and other factors has been discussed. On the basis of this coefficient a quantum-mechanical rate equation has been formulated, the limiting forms of which formally reduce to the ARR equation and to Wigner’s equation including a quantum correction. Then the rate constants given by the equations in the present and the ARR theory have been compared for the reaction H+H2→H2+H.
It has been found, from the above results, that the classical approximations in the ARR theory are generally valid except the reactions involving light particles and a thin barrier at low temperatures.
Studies on the Oxidation of Ferrous Sulfide
Authors: Wada Tsuguyasu , Shiraishi Yutaka , Niwa Kichizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate and mechanism of oxidation of ferrous sulfide was studied by means of a spring balance and X-ray diffraction analysis over the temperature range from 500°C to 700°C. The conclusion reached is as follows :
(1) Complete oxidation, in which only the formation of oxides proceeds, begins at 600°C.
(2) At the initial stage of oxidation, a slight increase of weight is found. It was observed by X-ray that the deficiency of cation in ferrous sulfide occurs in this stage. This may be due to the formation of oxide on the surface rather than to chemisorption, which is accompanied by creation of cation vacancies in ferrous sulfide crystal.
(3) Above 600°C, the rate of oxidation does not change with temperature, so the rate-determining factor is diffusion of gas. Since the observed rate of oxidation depends upon the quantity of the sample, the diffusion in the bed of sample may determine the rate.
Characteristic Absorption Bands of Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Mikawa Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, benzyl and phenyl vinyl ether and also ethyl vinyl thioether were investigated over the region of 4000-650 cm−1. The assignment of the spectrum of methyl vinyl ether has been made by the aid of the bands contours. The absorption bands of the other were discussed and the characteristic frequencies of vinyl ethers are concluded as follows.
(1) three bands near 3100 cm−1…… CH stretching of vinyl group
(2) 1615±5 cm−1…… C = C stretching
(3) 1321±2 cm−1…… CH in-plane deformation
(4) 1203±2 cm−1…… C-O stretching
(5) 965±5 cm−1…… = CH- out-of-plane deformation
(6) 815±5 cm−1…… = CH2 out-of-plane deformation
Study on Fused Iron Catalyst for Alcohol Synthesis from Water-gas. IV. Reaction Rate and Composition of Product in the Synthesis with Catalyst Promoted by Copper
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Kuraishi Michio , Ichinokawa Hideo , Ogawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalyst containing copper as a promoter has produced a good yield of the oxygenates in the small convertor (volume of the catalyst, 60 cc.) as well as in the larger convertor (620 cc). Although the syntheses have been conducted at relatively low space velocity of the synthesis gas as compared with the Synol synthesis, the oxygenates amount to so high a value as half the liquid and solid products and the result may promise the higher yield of oxygenates at the working conditions analogous to those with the Synol synthesis.
From the results of analyses for the reactants and products in the gases withdrawn from seven different heights of the catalyst bed together with the results of the composition of the product at the exit and also with special attention paid to the temperature gradient and flow rate through the catalyst bed, two types of the rate equation have been presented as shown by Eq. (A) and Eq. (B), both of which are similarly applicable to the observed rate.
& φ=kk’P_H_2^2P_CO/(1+k’P_H_2^2P_CO) (A)
& φ=kP_H_2P_CO/(1+k’P_CO)^2,
& φ=kP_H_2^1/2P^CO/(1+k’P^CO)^2 (B)
The equation (A) was once proposed by R. B. Anderson et al. for the synthesis with a cobalt catalyst.
The lateral temperature distribution in the catalyst bed is given by a simplified analytical solution of the W. Broetz’s equation of the heat transfer only when the temperature difference between the wall of the convertor and the catalyst bed is considerably small.
Physico-Chemical Studies on Dyeing Process. I. Theory of Dyeing Equilibrium and Half Dyeing Time of Direct Cotton Dyes on Viscose Rayon
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The theory of dyeing equilibrium is treated generally. On the way of derivation, it is emphasized that the Donnan’s equation,
f_+f_-[Na][Cl]=f_+^φf_-^φ[Naφ][Clφ]
is correct only when Na+ and Cl− have no affinity to the fibre. An equation expressing dyeing equilibrium is obtained for finite liquid yarn ratio, and compared to the equation by Vickerstaff for infinite liquid yarn ratio. Moreover, data for both finite and infinite liquid yarn ratio could be plotted on the same straight line according to the newly derved equation. The deviation of the incilination of the straight line from the theoretical value is attributed to the deviation of the activity coefficient from unity. The latter was assumed as analogous to that of soap, and a reasonable conclusion could be obtained.
On the theory of dyeing rate, all data from widely different dyeing conditions are brought into a simple relation
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
using the half dyeing time T proposed by Boulton. This equation was justified theoretically, and it was show that Hill’s complicated equation is replaced by this simple equation, without loss of accuracy, as far as x⁄x∞≤0.7. Then, Boulton’s relation, that the half dyeing time becomes longer when the equilibrium exhaustion ratio is smaller, is justified theoretically. The apparent diffusion coefficient in fibre agrees with that of Hanson and Neale.
Organic Semiconductors with High Conductivity. I. Complexes between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halogens
Authors: Akamatu Hideo , Inokuchi Hiroo , Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons form molecular complexes with bromine or iodine. Those complexes which are black behave as typical semiconductors with energy gaps for conductivity of 0.1–0.2 eV., as well as with low electrical resistivity ranging from 10° to 103 ohm-cm. The complexes are unstable and a substitution reaction of halogen takes place; when this is not the case, e. g. the violanthrene-iodine complex, and the complex itself is quite stable, so also is the electrical property. It is concluded that the origin of the high conductivity is due to the interaction between hydrocarbon molecules and halogen molecules, and this is presumably due to the overlapping of molecular orbitals stretching throughout the crystal.
Heats of Dilution of Polystyrene Solutions. I
Authors: Amaya Kazuo , Fujishiro Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A calorimeter equipped with a thermister capable of measuring the temperature change down to 0.5 ×10−4°C was constructed. By this apparatus the heats of dilution of three polystyrene solutions were measured and the values of interaction parameters were derived. The μ values for toluene solution and chloroform solution were both negative and large, but that for ethylbenzene solution was zero.
In order to compare with the polymer solution, the heat of mixing of ethylbenzene, which may be regarded as the monomer-unit of polystyrene, with same solvents were also measured and it was found that the interaction parameters of polymer solutions have the same signs as that of the corresponding monomer-unit solutions.
The Crystal Structure of Potassium Tetranitro-diammine-cobaltiate (III), K[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]
Authors: Komiyama Yoshimichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of potassium tetrani-trodiammine-cobaltiate (III), K[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4], prepared according to the method of Jörgen-sen, has been determined by two-dimensional Fourier method. The orthorhombic unit cell has the dimensions a=11.38±0.02 Å, b=12.95±0.02 Å and c=6.76±0.01 Å containing four formula units in it (Fe Kα, λ=1.937 Å), and the space group is D24-P212121. The shape and size of a complex ion was found to be similar to the one found in crystals of silver salt, Ag[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]. Two ammonia molecules are co-ordinated to the central cobalt atom in trans-positions, with Co–N distance 2.00 Å.
The average dimensions of the nitro groups were: N–O = 1.22 Å and ∠ONO = 118°, in agreement with the results obtained for other nitro-complex compounds of cobalt. Each potassium atom is surrounded by eight oxygen atoms of the nitro-groups with distances ranging from 2.79 Å to 3.26 Å.
Electrophoretic Studies of Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Authors: Watanabe Itaru , Ui Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The variations of the mobility of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.7 with changes in concentration and ionic strength have been investigated. The mobility is essentially independent of the concentration and has an average value of −7.05×10−5cm2/sec. volt in the phosphate buffer of ionic strength 0.2. On the other hand, the mobility increases greatly with the decrease of ionic strength. The net charge on the TMV particle, calculated from the mobility data by the aid of Gorin’s equation, was found to be constant (about −1,800) all over the range of ionic strength examined. Although it is considerably lower than the theoretical valency calculated from the analytical data, this low value of the valency from the mobility is quite reasonable to explain the observation that there is no serious, divergence from the ideal behaviour in the electrophoresis of TMV solution.
Kinetics of the Oxydation of Red Phosphorus by Potassium Bromate
Authors: Venugopalan M , George K J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetics of the oxidation of Red Phosphorus by Potassium Bromate in acid solution has been studied. Using varying concentrations of potassium bromate and the quantity of red phosphorus between 0.01 g. and 0.02 g., the reaction has been found to be bimolecular with respect to potassium bromate over a temperature range of 30–55°C. The energy of activation and temperature coefficient of the reaction have been calculated. Further work on the oxidation of red phosphorus by bromide-bromate mixture in acid solution is suggested.
Interaction between Surface Active Agents and Proteins. II. Electrophoretic Investigation of the System Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Egg Albumin
Authors: Aoki Koichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We studied electrophoretically the interaction of SDS and egg albumin in the pH range between 5.4 and 10.8, higher pH’s than that of the isoelectric point of egg albumin. Results obtained are as follows.
(1) The electrophoretic patterns of the system egg albumin-SDS can be divided into three groups. This method of division is different from that in the system SDS-horse serum albumin by Putnam and Neurath. The first group of the division contains the patterns obtained when the mixing ratio albumin/SDS is between 100/0 and 80/20, and here the complex ADn (n=40, A: albumin, D : detergent) and egg albumin coexist. The second group contains the patterns obtained when the mixing ratio albumin/SDS is between 80/20 and 35/65 and in this region the composition of the complex changes continuously from ADn to AD8n, The third region appears when the mixing ratio albumin/SDS is between 35/65 and 0/100 and here the complex ADSn and SDS coexist. The above mixing ratio values are obtained at pH 6.8, and they change somewhat as a function of pH.
(2) Below pH 7, a number n of the first complex ADn equals the number of positive charges on one egg albumin, but above pH 7, this relation cannot hold.
(3) In the reaction between egg albumin and SDS, it is not assumed that SDS reacts only in a micellar form but that SDS existing as a single ion can react.
Rheological Properties of Some Polymerized Oils
Authors: Nakagawa Tsurutaro , Sen\={o} Manabu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) A method for measuring the dynamic visco-elasticity of liquid by the torsional oscillation is described.
(2) The visco-elastic oils produced by the thermal polymerization of linseed oil to various, degrees were studied by this rheometer.
(3) The amplitude effect of the dynamic properties was negligible ; so that these materials are supposed to be linear in their visco-elastic behavior.
(4) The dynamic visco-elasticity of these oils was measured in the very low frequency region (period : 10 seconds-5 minutes).
(5) The temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity was discussed.
(6) Weissenberg effect of these oils was tested in a qualitative way.
Dielectric Polarization of Some Aliphatic Amines in the Liquid State
Authors: Shirai Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For diethylamine, i-propylamine, and tri-ethylamine, Debye’s formula holds as the relation between dielectric constant and dipole moment over a wide range of temperature. This fact can be attributed to the absence of the dipolar interaction on account of the screening of the permanent dipole by non-polar alkyl groups.
Distribution of Boron in Natural Waters
Authors: Muto Satoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of the data and discussions in the preceding chapters, the distribution and migration of boron in natural waters are summarized in Figure 1. And the data in the figure were confirmed mainly with the samples from Kanto District, whereas the author is of the opinion that the distribution of boron and chlorine in natural waters is generally illustrated as here shown.
The water of rain and snow at Kiriu District contain 0.1 mg. B/1, and 2.4 mg. Cl/1., and the ratio of boron to chlorine is 0.04. (these values might be lower at high mountainous area) Being affected by the biological and geological influences of the drainage, the original water becomes to contain 0.2 mg. B/1. and 0.16 mg. Cl/1. The ratio of boron to chlorine amounts to 1.31 as in the Kiriu River. At this stage, the increase of boron content or decrease of chlorine content are remarkable. When these branches of tributaries are affected by the mineral springs (123.3 mg. B/1, 11747 mg. Cl/1. and 0.0105 of B/Cl) and the thermal springs (6.55 mg. B/1, 334.6 mg. Cl/1. and 0.0196 of B/Cl) the boron and chlorine contont change their value to 1.97 mg. B/1, 84.2 mg. Cl/1. as well as the ratio of boron to chlorine 0.0234 as respectively in the Okuresawa River and the Agatsuma River. And the values of 0.197 mg. B/1, 10.4 mg. Cl/1. and boron to chlorine 0.0190 are obtained for the Watarase River which is affected by communities. Of course the actual condition will not be so simple and many complicated factors may exist before they join the river water. The main stream collects various kinds of tributaries and comes to have the value of 0.345 mg. B/1, 6.16 mg. Cl/1. and the ratio of boron to chlorine 0.0560. Then the stream flows down to the ocean while it is affected by many kinds of things during the way.