bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad line emission in dwarf galaxies: the first detection of low-metallicity AGN
Authors: Izotov Yuri I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObservations of AGN show that they generally possess a high metallicity, varying from solar to supersolar metallicities. This is the case since AGN are usually found in massive, bulge-dominated galaxies that have converted most of their gas into stars by the present epoch. Since AGN metallicity is strongly correlated with stellar mass, low-metallicity AGN are expected to be in low-mass dwarf galaxies. However, until now, searches in low-mass galaxies have only turned up AGN with metallicities around half that of typical AGN, i.e. with solar or slightly subsolar values. We report the discovery of four low-metallicity dwarf galaxies in the Data Release 6 of the Sloan Digital Sky survey, with 12 + log O/H in the range 7.4–8.0, and that appear to harbor an AGN. In the course of a long-range program to search for extremely metal-deficient emission-line dwarf galaxies, we have come across four galaxies with very unusual spectra: the strong permitted emission lines, mainly the Hα line, show very prominent broad components, with full widths at zero intensity corresponding to velocities varying between 2200 and 3500 km s−1, and extraordinarily large broad Hα luminosities, varying from 3×1041 to 2×1042 erg s−1. The Balmer lines show a very steep decrement, suggesting collisional excitation and that the broad emission comes from very dense gas (Ne ≫ 104 cm−3). Only the presence of an accretion disk around an intermediate-mass black hole in the dwarf galaxies appears to account for these properties.
The ACS LCID project: accurate measurements of the full star formation history in low metallicity, isolated, Local Group dwarf galaxies
Authors: Monelli Matteo ,   the LCID team
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present here the latest results of the LCID project (Local Cosmology from Isolated Dwarfs), aimed at recovering the full star formation history (SFH) of six isolated dwarf galaxies of the Local Group (LG). Our method of analysis is based on the IAC-pop code, which derives the SFH of a resolved stellar system by comparing the observed and a model color-magnitude diagram (CMD). We summarize here basic technical issues and the main results concerning our sample of galaxies. We show that LeoA is the only object showing a clear delay in the onset of the major SF event, while all the other galaxies present a dominant component older than 10 Gyrs.
Carbon Storage: Integrating Experiments & Modelling to Quantify Trapping Capacity & Efficiency in the Subsurface
Authors: Pentland Christopher , Al-Mansoori Saleh , Iglauer Stefan , Qi Ran , Bijeljic Branko , LaForce Tara , Blunt Martin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis is a fundamental study of trapping of non-wetting fluids in porous media. When injecting CO~2~ into an aquifer for carbon storage, the non-wetting phase (CO~2~) is trapped due to capillary forces. This process is investigated in the laboratory for analogue fluids. We then design an injection strategy to maximise CO~2~ storage capacity and efficiency on the field scale - incorporating experimental and pore scale modelling results. A streamline based simulator is modified for this purpose.
Effect of Tempering Conditions on Milling Performance and Flour Functionality
Authors: Kweon Meera , Martin Ron , Souza Edward 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTTempering conditions of wheat grain change the quality of the flour, yet most experimental milling systems use a standard tempering without optimization. The effect of tempering condition on milling performance and flour functionality for soft red winter (SRW) wheat grain was tested by measuring flour yield, ash, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and solvent retention capacity (SRC) in grain samples from three SRW cultivars (Roane, Cyrus, and Severn). Tempering was conducted with a full factorial design of initial wheat moisture, tempered wheat moisture, tempering temperature, and tempering time at two levels. Tempered wheat moisture had the largest effect on milling performance and flour functionality. Flour yield was more reduced for all samples tempered at 15% moisture than for samples tempered to 12% moisture. Flour quality of the 15% tempered sample was better than the 12% tempered samples due to less bran contamination as measured by flour ash and PPO. Increasing the tempering moisture increased flour sucrose SRC and lactic acid SRC but reduced sodium carbonate SRC for samples. Changing tempered wheat moisture changed flour yield and quality much more than did changing the length of time for tempering, the temperature at wheat is tempered, or differences in the initial moisture of the wheat before tempering. The last three effects could be used to improve flour yield in both the 12 and 15% tempered wheat treatment but the detrimental effects of these treatments on flour quality were minimal when combined with the 15% tempered wheat moisture treatment.
A Novel Pair of HMW Glutenin Subunits from Aegilops searsii Improves Quality of Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Garg Monika , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Naoyuki , Takata Kanenori , Yanaka Mikiko , Tsujimoto Hisashi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis study involved screening of wild species of wheat in search of functionally useful seed storage proteins for improvement of breadmaking quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum). After screening of 177 disomic addition lines (DALs) of wheat belonging to different wild species, Aegilops searsii DALs were selected and studied in detail. These DALs of Ae. searsii were from chromosome 1Ss to 7Ss in the background of cultivated wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS). By analyzing these addition lines, genetic loci of actively expressed genes for the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) and gliadin were found on the chromosome 1Ss for the first time and have been designated as Glu‐Ss1 and Gli‐Ss1, respectively. Disomic addition line of chromosome 1Ss (DAL1Ss) showed improved dough strength in different generations compared with CS. SDS sedimentation value and specific sedimentation of DAL1Ss were higher than CS. Mixograph peak height and band width were higher, with no difference in mixing peak time from CS. All these factors indicate a positive effect of quantity as well as quality of gluten proteins of Ae. searsii. This was further supported by increased polymer formation in DAL1Ss because the ratio of unextractable polymeric protein to total polymeric protein (UPP/TPP%) of DAL1Ss was significantly higher than CS. Genes for HMW‐GS (major determinant of end‐product quality in wheat) of Ae. searsii were cloned and sequenced from the DAL1Ss. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences showed that both x and y HMW‐GS were more similar to that of D genome rather than B genome of wheat. Although S genome is structurally more similar to B genome of wheat, functionally it is more similar to the D genome of wheat and possesses good quality HMW‐GS required for improvement of breadmaking quality of wheat.
New onsets of substance use disorders in borderline personality disorder over 7 years of follow‐ups: findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study
Authors: Walter Marc , Gunderson John G. , Zanarini Mary C. , Sanislow Charles A. , Grilo Carlos M. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Morey Leslie C. , Yen Shirley , Stout Robert L. , Skodol Andrew E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTAims  The purpose of this study was to examine whether patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have a higher rate of new onsets of substance use disorders (SUD) than do patients with other personality disorders (OPD).Design  This study uses data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS), a prospective naturalistic study with reliable repeated measures over 7 years of follow‐up.Setting  Multiple clinical sites in four northeastern US cities.Participants  A total of 175 patients with BPD and 396 patients with OPD (mean age 32.5 years) were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 months.Measurements  The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders and the Diagnostic Interview for DSM‐IV Personality Disorders were used at baseline, the Follow‐Along version of the DIPD‐IV and the Longitudinal Interval Follow‐up Evaluation at the follow‐up evaluations. Kaplan–Meier analyses were calculated to generate the time to new onsets.Findings  BPD patients showed a shorter time to new onsets of SUD. Thirteen per cent of BPD patients developed a new alcohol use disorder and 11% developed a new drug use disorder, compared to rates of 6% and 4%, respectively, for OPD. Non‐remitted BPD and remitted BPD patients did not differ significantly in rates of new onsets of SUD.Conclusions  BPD patients have a high vulnerability for new onsets of SUDs even when their psychopathology improves. These findings indicate some shared etiological factors between BPD and SUD and underscore the clinical significance of treating SUD when it co‐occurs in BPD patients.
Involvement of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein in the overcoming of an eIF4E‐mediated resistance against Lettuce mosaic potyvirus
Authors: ABDUL‐RAZZAK ANAS , GUIRAUD THOMAS , PEYPELUT MARTINE , WALTER JOCELYNE , HOUVENAGHEL MARIE‐CHRISTINE , CANDRESSE THIERRY , LE GALL OLIVIER , GERMAN‐RETANA SYLVIE 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe capacity of Lettuce mosaic virus to overcome the lettuce resistance conferred by the mo11 and mo12 alleles of the gene for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) was analysed using reverse genetics. Mutations in the virus genome‐linked protein (VPg) allowed mo11 only to be overcome, but mutations in the C‐terminal portion of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein allowed both alleles to be overcome. Site‐directed mutagenesis pinpointed a key role of the amino acid at position 621 in the virulence. This is the first example of the involvement of a potyviral CI protein in the breaking of an eIF4E‐mediated resistance.
Long‐term outcome of initially homogenously treated and relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Austria – A population‐based report of the Austrian Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (BFM) Study Group
Authors: Reismüller Bettina , Attarbaschi Andishe , Peters Christina , Dworzak Michael N. , Pötschger Ulrike , Urban Christian , Fink Franz‐Martin , Meister Bernhard , Schmitt Klaus , Dieckmann Karin , Henze Günter , Haas Oskar A. , Gadner Helmut , Mann Georg ,   on behalf of the Austrian Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (BFM) Study Group
Published: December 2008

SummaryRelapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cause for a fatal outcome in paediatric oncology. Although initial ALL cure rates have improved up to 80%, the prognosis of recurrent ALL remains dismal with event‐free‐survival (EFS) rates about 35%. In order to analyse a population‐based cohort with uniform treatment of initial disease, we examined the outcome of children suffering from relapsed ALL in Austria for the past 20 years and the validity of the currently used prognostic factors (e.g. time to and site of relapse, immunophenotype). Furthermore, we compared survival rates after chemotherapy alone with those after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). All 896 patients who suffered from ALL in Austria between 1981 and 1999 were registered in a prospectively designed database and treated according to trials ALL‐Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (BFM)‐Austria (A) 81, ALL‐A 84 and ALL‐BFM‐A 86, 90 and 95. Of these, 203 (23%) suffered from recurrent disease. One‐hundred‐and‐seventy‐two patients (85%) achieved second complete remission. The probability of 10‐year EFS for the total group was 34 ± 3%. Clinical prognostic markers that independently influenced survival were time to relapse, site of relapse and the immunophenotype. Additionally, a Cox regression model demonstrated that allogeneic SCT after first relapse was associated with a superior EFS compared with chemo/radiotherapy only (hazard ratio = 0·254; P = 0·0017).
Interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 binding protein in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Shan Ning‐ning , Zhu Xiao‐juan , Peng Jun , Qin Ping , Zhuang Xue‐wei , Wang Hong‐chun , Hou Ming 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTo evaluate the balance of interleukin IL18 and its endogenous antagonist IL18 binding protein (IL18BP) in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), plasma IL18, IL18BP, interferon gamma (IFNG) and IL4 levels, as well as platelet counts were measured in patients with active ITP (n = 23), ITP in remission (n = 21) and in healthy subjects (n = 24) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA expression of IL18, IL18BP, IFNG, IL4, T‐box (TBX21) and GATA‐binding protein 3(GATA3) were studied in all subjects. The results showed that IL18 and IFNG protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased in patients with active ITP than in control subjects, but that IL18BP were not significantly elevated in ITP patients, which resulted in an elevated ratio of IL18/IL18BP in patients with active disease. During remission stages, the levels of these cytokines were comparable to those of healthy controls. The elevated levels of IL18/IL18BP in plasma during active stages of disease suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis and course of ITP.
Immunomodulatory activity of a methionine aminopeptidase-2 inhibitor on B cell differentiation
Authors: Priest R C , Spaull J , Buckton J , Grimley R L , Sims M , Binks M , Malhotra R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) inhibitors have potent anti-angiogenesis activity and are being developed for the treatment of solid tumours. The recently observed specific expression of MetAP-2 in germinal centre B cells suggests that it has a role in regulating B cell function. We have demonstrated a potent MetAP-2-dependent inhibitory effect on the antibody secretion from B cell receptor and CD40 co-stimulated primary human B cells in the presence of interleukin-21. The effect of MetAP-2 inhibition on antibody secretion was due to a block in differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of germinal centres from human, mouse and marmoset spleen showed a similar expression pattern of MetAP-2 in the marmoset and man, whereas mouse spleen showed no detectable expression. In a marmoset, T dependent immunization model, the MetAP-2 inhibitor suppressed an antigen-specific antibody response. Furthermore, histological analysis showed loss of B cells in the spleen and disrupted germinal centre formation. These results provide experimental evidence to support a novel role for MetAP-2 in immunomodulation. These effects of MetAP-2 are mediated by disruption of the germinal centre reaction and a block in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells.
Long‐term patterns of mass loss during the decomposition of leaf and fine root litter: an intersite comparison
Authors: HARMON MARK E. , SILVER WHENDEE L. , FASTH BECKY , CHEN HUA , BURKE INGRID C. , PARTON WILLIAM J. , HART STEPHEN C. , CURRIE WILLIAM S. ,   LIDET
Published: December 2008

AbstractDecomposition is a critical process in global carbon cycling. During decomposition, leaf and fine root litter may undergo a later, relatively slow phase; past long‐term experiments indicate this phase occurs, but whether it is a general phenomenon has not been examined. Data from Long‐term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team, representing 27 sites and nine litter types (for a total of 234 cases) was used to test the frequency of this later, slow phase of decomposition. Litter mass remaining after up to 10 years of decomposition was fit to models that included (dual exponential and asymptotic) or excluded (single exponential) a slow phase. The resultant regression equations were evaluated for goodness of fit as well as biological realism. Regression analysis indicated that while the dual exponential and asymptotic models statistically and biologically fit more of the litter type–site combinations than the single exponential model, the latter was biologically reasonable for 27–65% of the cases depending on the test used. This implies that a slow phase is common, but not universal. Moreover, estimates of the decomposition rate of the slowly decomposing component averaged 0.139–0.221 year−1(depending on method), higher than generally observed for mineral soil organic matter, but one‐third of the faster phase of litter decomposition. Thus, this material may be slower than the earlier phases of litter decomposition, but not as slow as mineral soil organic matter. Comparison of the long‐term integrated decomposition rate (which included all phases of decomposition) to that for the first year of decomposition indicated the former was on average 75% that of the latter, consistent with the presence of a slow phase of decomposition. These results indicate that the global store of litter estimated using short‐term decomposition rates would be underestimated by at least one‐third.
GDSL lipase‐like 1 regulates systemic resistance associated with ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kwon Sun Jae , Jin Hak Chul , Lee Soohyun , Nam Myung Hee , Chung Joo Hee , Kwon Soon Il , Ryu Choong‐Min , Park Ohkmae K. 
Published: December 2008

SummarySystemic resistance is induced by necrotizing pathogenic microbes and non‐pathogenic rhizobacteria and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. Here we show that Arabidopsis GDSL LIPASE‐LIKE 1 (GLIP1) plays an important role in plant immunity, eliciting both local and systemic resistance in plants. GLIP1 functions independently of salicylic acid but requires ethylene signaling. Enhancement of GLIP1 expression in plants increases resistance to pathogens including Alternaria brassicicola, Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas syringae, and limits their growth at the infection site. Furthermore, local treatment with GLIP1 proteins is sufficient for the activation of systemic resistance, inducing both resistance gene expression and pathogen resistance in systemic leaves. The PDF1.2‐inducing activity accumulates in petiole exudates in a GLIP1‐dependent manner and is fractionated in the size range of less than 10 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography. Our results demonstrate that GLIP1‐elicited systemic resistance is dependent on ethylene signaling and provide evidence that GLIP1 may mediate the production of a systemic signaling molecule(s).
Clara cell 10‐kDa protein expression in chronic rhinosinusitis and its cytokine‐driven regulation in sinonasal mucosa
Authors: Liu Z. , Lu X. , Zhang X. H. , Bochner B. S. , Long X. B. , Zhang F. , Wang H. , Cui Y. H. 
Published: December 2008

Background:  Clara cell 10‐kDa protein (CC10) is a multifunction protein with anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; hence we compared the CC10 expression between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with and without nasal polyps (NPs), analyzed its association with disease severity and response to surgery, and explored its regulation via cytokines.Methods:  The plasma and tissue CC10 levels were compared between controls and CRS patients with and without NPs by means of quantitative RT‐PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopy findings and symptoms were scored. Nasal explant culture was used to explore the effect of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, INF‐γ, and IL‐10 on CC10 gene regulation.Results:  Compared with controls, the CC10 expression in sinonasal mucosa was significantly inhibited in both CRS patients with and without NPs. There was a significant further decrease of CC10 expression in patients with NPs and asthma. No difference in CC10 plasma levels was found between controls and patients. CC10 levels inversely correlated with preoperative CT scores, and postoperative endoscopy and symptom scores. TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐4 inhibited, whereas INF‐γ and IL‐10 promoted CC10 production in nasal mucosa. A significantly faster decay of CC10 transcripts was seen after IL‐1β treatment. IL‐1β and IL‐10 induced thyroid transcription factor‐1 expression. INF‐γ increased, whereas IL‐4 inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor‐3α expression.Conclusion:  CC10 may take part in the pathogenesis of CRS and correlates with disease severity and response to surgery. Different cytokines can regulate CC10 expression in nasal mucosa differentially through modulating mRNA stability and certain transcriptional factors expression.
HL—A Antigen Frequencies in Myeloma
Authors: MASON D. Y. , CULLEN PHILIPPA 
Published: December 2008

The frequency of HL—A antigens was determined in 63 myeloma patients and in 83 normal subjects. HL—A5 was more frequent among patients (15.9 %) than among controls (3.6 %). This association was significant at the 0.05 level, but the significance did not survive multiplication by the number of antigens under study.The relationship of these findings to previous work on myeloma is discussed, together with. the problems of defining components of the 4c antigenic group.
The Genetic Control of HLA‐A and B Antigens in Somatic Cell Hybrids: Requirement for β2 Microglobulin
Authors: Arce‐Gomez Bento , Jones Elizabeth A. , Barnstable Colin J. , Solomon Ellen , Bodmer Walter F. 
Published: December 2008

The lymphoblastoid cell line Daudi lacks both HLA—A and B antigens and β2 microglobulin. Somatic cell hybrids derived from a fusion between this line and D98/AH‐2 were shown to express four HLA antigens not detectable on either parent cell, A1, A10(Aw26), Bw16(Bw38, Bw17. The initial definition by direct cytotoxicity assay was confirmed by absorption of reactions against target T lymphocytes, thus avoiding problems due to contaminating Ia antibodies, and by blocking the reactions by pretreatment with a chicken anti‐human β2 microglobulin serum. That the new specificities were due to the Daudi HLA region was confirmed by the finding that interspecific hybrids between Daudi and A9L, containing a single human chromosome 6, expressed A10 and Bw17. This also defined the haplotypes of Daudi as A10(Aw26), Bw17 and A1, Bw16(Bw38).The re‐expression of the Daudi HLA—A and B antigens in two independent sets of hybrids indicates that it does not carry a mutation in the HLA region. It has previously been reported that somatic cell hybrids with Daudi, which contain chromosome 15, do not express human β2 microglobulin. These results suggest that the reason for the lack of HLA—A and B antigens on Daudi is a secondary effect due to the mutation(s) in the β2 microglobulin gene.
Studies of the HLA—D Determinants in the Hungarian Population
Authors: Ónody Clara , Kristensen Tom , Lamm L. U. , Gyódi Éva , Petrányi G. Gy. , Bátory Gabriella , Nemeskéry J. 
Published: December 2008

A Hungarian random population sample was tested for six well‐known and two new HLA—D specificities. HLA—D antigen and gene frequencies in the studied population agree with the frequencies observed in pooled random Caucasians, only HLA—Dw3 being significantly elevated. The incidences of Dw1 and Dw4 are, however, lower while the incidences of the Dw5 and Dw6 alleles seem to be higher in our population sample without reaching statistical significance. As for the two new specificities, the IVÁD‐1 specificity has a low frequency, while IVÁD‐3 occurs quite frequently.HLA–B and HLA—D associations seem to be different in our population sample as compared to others. In spite of the high incidence of the HLA—Bw35 antigen, no HLA‐D association was found. The two new HLA—D specificities did not show association with any of the established HLA—B antigens.