bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM AND MANAGEMENT IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Lanthanum Carbonate—A First Line Phosphate Binder?
Authors: Freitas Declan de , Donne Rosemary L. , Hutchison Alastair J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Oral phosphate binders are necessary to control serum phosphate in patients eating a normal diet and undergoing peritoneal dialysis or thrice weekly hemodialysis. Until recently, none of the available drugs came close to the model of an ideal oral binder, which would demonstrate high affinity, rapid binding regardless of pH, low solubility and absorption, lack of toxicity, palatability, and reasonable cost. Lanthanum carbonate is a safe and effective binder with data demonstrating no toxic effects after continuous exposure up to 6 years. Suggestions that absorption and accumulation of lanthanum is significant and of clinical importance do not stand up to close scrutiny and recommended it as a first line treatment for dialysis patients, particularly if they have evidence of vascular calcification.
PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM AND MANAGEMENT IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Phosphorus Balance with Daily Dialysis
Authors: Kooienga Laura 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is an almost universal finding in patients with end‐stage renal disease and is associated with increased all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and vascular calcification. These associations have raised the question of whether reducing phosphorus levels could result in improved survival. In light of the recent findings that increased per‐session dialysis dose, as assessed by urea kinetics, did not result in improved survival, the definition of adequacy of dialysis should be re‐evaluated and consideration given to alternative markers. Two alternatives to conventional thrice weekly dialysis (CHD) are nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) and short daily hemodialysis (SDHD). The elimination kinetics of phosphorus as they relate to these alternative daily dialysis schedules and the clinical implications of overall phosphorus balance are discussed here. The total weekly phosphorus removal with NHD is more than twice that removed by CHD (4985 mg/week ± 1827 mg vs. 2347 mg/week ± 697 mg) and this is associated with a significantly lower average serum phosphorous (4.0 mg/dl vs. 6.5 mg/dl). In spite of the observed increase in protein and phosphorus intake seen in patients on SDHD, phosphate binder requirements and serum phosphorus levels are generally stable to decrease although this effect is strongly dependent on the frequency and overall treatment time.
Occupational skin diseases in cleaning and kitchen employees: Course and quality of life after measures of secondary individual prevention
Authors: Soder Stefanie , Diepgen Thomas L. , Radulescu Magdalena , Apfelbacher Christian J. , Bruckner Thomas , Weisshaar Elke 
Published: July 2007

Summary Background: Cleaning and kitchen employees have an increased risk of suffering from occupational dermatoses. Prevention including improving individual skin care and skin protection behavior, health education, optimizing diagnostics and therapy as well as avoidance of occupational skin disease (BK 5101) is important. Patients and methods: Participants in the courses were patients suspected of having an occupational skin disease. Besides socio‐demographic and diseaserelated data, health‐related quality of life (QL) was measured using the SF‐36 and Skindex‐29. One year later all participants were interviewed by telephone about the course of their skin disease. Results: Out of 212 participants, 84.0 % were female. The mean age was 41.6 (SD = 10.8) years.168 patients (79.2 %) suffered from hand dermatitis,with irritant contact dermatitis being the predominant diagnosis (46.2 %,n = 98).One year later 65.4 % (n = 85) of the patients interviewed still suffered from hand der‐matitis.9.2 % (n = 12) had meanwhile quit their job due to the skin disease.QL was impaired in all age groups being lower with increasing age of the patients. Conclusions: The follow‐up confirmed the positive impact of the skin protection courses on patients' skin disease and well‐being. Occupational skin diseases impair health‐related quality of life in these professions but disease severity does not seem to play a key role.
Exanthematous infantile psoriasis
Authors: Schubert Barbara , Seitz Cornelia S. , Bröcker Eva‐Bettina , Hamm Henning 
Published: July 2007

SummaryChildhood psoriasis is a disease with manifold clinical presentations which can make the correct diagnosis sometimes difficult. In a female infant, slightly itching, erythematous papules and plaques with discrete scaling spread over large parts of the integument starting from age three months. Histological examination supported the diagnosis of exanthematous infantile psoriasis. Topical treatment with dithranol in petrolatum led to slow clearance of the skin lesions.
Geriatric dentistry: a new specialty in Brazil
Authors: Hebling Eduardo , Mugayar Leda , Dias Paula Vendramini 
Published: July 2007

Objective:  To present the current status of geriatric dentistry in Brazil.Background:  In 2001, the Brazilian Dental Council established a new specialty: geriatric dentistry. This decision was based on the increase in both the elderly population and the demand for dental treatment of this cohort.Materials and methods:  Data were obtained through online searches of the Brazilian Dental Council and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.Results:  Brazil has 170 dental schools offering around 14 000 undergraduate vacancies every year. At the postgraduate level, there are 19 recognised dental specialties, one of which is geriatric dentistry, comprising 18 certificate programmes, with the potential to produce 216 new specialists every 18 months. The dentist/habitant ratio was 1:870, higher than that recommended by the Word Health Organization. The Brazilian population consists of around 14.5 million elderly people (8.6%). There were 124 specialists in geriatric dentistry distributed irregularly throughout the country. The specialist/elderly population rate was 1:117 249. At the undergraduate level, this new specialty is not included in the curricula of most dental schools in Brazil.Conclusions:  Geriatric dentistry should be included in the undergraduate curricula of dental schools in Brazil. Postgraduate degree courses should be developed to produce more clinical academics and researchers in this field.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS): sialometric and sialochemical analysis and salivary protein profile
Authors: Moura Sérgio Adriane Bezerra de , Sousa Jacira Maria Andrade de , Lima Dilma Ferreira , Negreiros André Newton do Monte , Silva Fábio de Vasconcelos , Costa Lino João da 
Published: July 2007

Objective:  The aim of the present study was to analyse the characteristics of salivary production and its composition in individuals with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).Study Design:  Salivary flow rate, concentrations of potassium, iron, chloride, thiocyanate, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and urea, as well as the expression profile of salivary proteins were analysed by SDS‐PAGE.Results:  The mean salivary flow rate among control patients was lower than that of BMS patients. Chloride, phosphorus and potassium levels were elevated in patients with BMS (p = 0.041, 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). Total salivary protein concentration was reduced in individuals with BMS (p = 0.223). Analysis of the expression of salivary proteins by Coomassie blue SDS‐PAGE revealed a lower expression of low molecular weight proteins in individuals with BMS compared to healthy controls.Conclusions:  These results indicate that the identification and characterisation of low molecular weight salivary proteins in BMS may be important in understanding BMS pathogenesis, thus contributing to its diagnosis and treatment.
Accelerated rehabilitation of an edentulous patient with an implant retained dental prosthesis: a case report
Authors: McKenna Gerald , Lillywhite Graeme 
Published: July 2007

This case report details the successful rehabilitation of an edentulous patient using a complete upper prosthesis and a lower implant retained overdenture. The provision of care was split between a specialist centre and a primary care setting. This approach reduced inconvenience to the patient. Modern surgical and prosthodontic techniques also reduced the total delivery time.After initial consultation a new set of complete dentures was prescribed with changes in design to the originals. The patient was also planned for placement of two mandibular implants to stabilise and retain the mandibular denture. The first line of treatment involved provision of a new set of dentures constructed by the patient's general dental practitioner. Dental implants were then placed in a specialist centre and the patient returned to the dental practice for attachment of the lower denture to the dental implants.The benefits and success of mandibular implant retained dentures are well documented. With delivery of the overdenture, the patient reported increased satisfaction with his prostheses which allowed him to eat a greater range of foods and enabled him to feel confident when speaking and socialising.
Stannous fluoride in dentifrice: an effective anti‐plaque agent in the elderly?
Authors: Willumsen Tiril , Solemdal Kirsten , Wenaasen Marianne , Øgaard Bjorn 
Published: July 2007

Objective:  The aim of this study was to examine differences in plaque accumulation in elderly patients using two toothpastes, with either 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) or 0.4% stannous fluoride (SnF2), but otherwise identical.Background data:  The prevalence of denate elderly is increasing. Plaque both causes caries and is associated with an increased mortality rate in frail elderly patients with pneumonia. Therefore, the effective removal of plaque is important. Ingredients with an anti‐plaque effect, such as SnF2, that can be used in toothpaste, are effective in plaque inhibitionMaterials and methods:  Thirty‐two frail elderly women, 82–98 years of age (mean, 88 years) and living in a residential home, participated in a double‐blind crossover study. They brushed their teeth for 4 weeks with each toothpaste. Treatment outcome was a change in the plaque index (PI) on four anterior teeth and four molars.Results:  anova showed statistically significant differences between the treatments (F = 4.21, p = 0.02). A post hoc test showed that SnF2 produced a statistically significantly lower PI than did NaF.Conclusion:  SnF2 in toothpaste may be effective in inhibiting plaque accumulation in the elderly.
Quantitative study of ageing epiglottal taste buds in humans
Authors: Kano Mitsuhiro , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Okayama Keisuke , Kikuchi Masayoshi 
Published: July 2007

Objectives:  This investigation aimed to demonstrate age‐related changes of taste buds on the human epiglottis using histomorphometrical analysis.Methods:  Histological observation and measurement of taste bud density were performed on oral and laryngeal surfaces of 237 human epiglottises (138 male and 99 females). The cases were divided into two age groups: 67 cases in the younger group, for subjects aged 10–39 years and 170 cases in the older group, for those aged 70–98 years. Each epiglottis was investigated at the upper and middle height levels.Results:  The mean density of taste buds significantly decreased on the laryngeal surfaces in the older group. Most taste buds were present in the upper height level on the laryngeal surfaces which were covered with thin and flat stratified squamous epithelium. The covering epithelium revealed developed epithelial ridges on the oral surfaces without taste buds. These results suggest a relationship between the existence of taste buds and the thickness of the covering epithelium.Conclusions:  The presence of taste buds in the epiglottises of elderly people was demonstrated. In addition, the decrease of these taste buds with advancing age was clarified.
Molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats in Australia
Authors: KANN RKC , KYAW‐TANNER MT , SEDDON JM , LEHRBACH PR , ZWIJNENBERG RJG , MEERS J. 
Published: July 2007

Objective To determine the prevalent subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) present in the domestic cat population of Australia. Method Blood samples were collected from 41 FIV antibody positive cats from four cities across Australia. Following DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the variable V3‐V5 region of the envelope (env) gene. Genotypes were assessed by direct sequencing of PCR products and comparison with previously reported FIV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis allowed classification of the Australian sequences into the appropriate subtype. Results Of the 41 FIV samples, 40 were found to cluster with previously reported subtype A isolates, whilst the remaining sample grouped within subtype B. Conclusions Subtype A was found to be the predominant FIV subtype present in Australia, although subtype B was also found. These results broaden our knowledge of the genetic diversity of FIV and the associated implications for preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
In Vitro Susceptibilities of
Mycoplasma putrefaciens
Field Isolates
Authors: Antunes N. T. , Tavío M. M. , Mercier P. , Ayling R. D. , Al-Momani W. , Assunção P. , Rosales R. S. , Poveda J. B. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

MICs were determined for 15 antimicrobial agents against 37
Mycoplasma putrefaciens
isolates. The most effective antimicrobial drug classes were the fluoroquinolones, the tetracyclines, the lincosamide lincomycin, and the macrolides. The susceptibility profile of the isolates correlated with the geographic origin. This is the first report of decreased susceptibility to the macrolides, lincomycin, and the tetracyclines in
M. putrefaciens
strains.
Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Infants as a Means of Malaria Control: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Northern Ghana
Authors: Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Reither Klaus , Zanger Philipp , Roepcke Felix , Danquah Ina , Saad Eiman , Ziniel Peter , Dzisi Stephen Y. , Frempong Marc , Agana-Nsiire Patrick , Amoo-Sakyi Felicia , Otchwemah Rowland , Cramer Jakob P. , Anemana Sylvester D. , Dietz Ekkehart , Bienzle Ulrich 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT
Morbidity and mortality from malaria remain unacceptably high among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Intermittent preventive treatment in infancy (IPTi) involves the administration of antimalarials alongside routine vaccinations and might be an option in malaria control. In an area of intense, perennial malaria transmission in northern Ghana, 1,200 children received IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or placebo at approximately 3, 9, and 15 months of age. Children were followed up until 24 months of age to assess morbidity and adverse events. During the intervention period (3 to 18 months of age), IPTi reduced the incidences of malaria and severe anemia by 22.5% (95% confidence interval, 12 to 32%) and 23.6% (95% confidence interval, 4 to 39%), respectively, and reduced hospitalizations and episodes of asymptomatic parasitemia by one-third. Protection was pronounced in the first year of life and not discernible in the second. The malaria-protective effect was largely confined to a period of 1 month after sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatments. Following the intervention, protection against asymptomatic parasitemia persisted. In contrast, a significant rebound of severe malaria, predominantly severe malarial anemia, occurred among children having received IPTi. Although the treatment was generally well tolerated, one case of moderately severe skin reaction followed sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment. IPTi reduces malaria and anemia in infants in northern Ghana. Extension of IPTi into the second year of life by administering a dose at 15 months of age provided no substantial benefit beyond a 1-month prophylactic effect. Although this simple intervention offers one of the few available malaria-preventive measures for regions where malaria is endemic, the observed rebound of severe malaria advises caution and requires further investigation.
Impact of Dual Infections on Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in BALB/c Mice Infected with Major Genotypes ofTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Martins H. R. , Silva R. Moreira , Valadares H. M. S. , Toledo M. J. O. , Veloso V. M. , Vitelli-Avelar D. M. , Carneiro C. M. , Machado-Coelho G. L. L. , Bahia M. T. , Martins-Filho O. A. , Macedo A. M. , Lana M. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to investigate the impact of dual infections with stocks ofTrypanosoma cruzimajor genotypes on benznidazole (BZ) treatment efficacy. For this purpose,T. cruzistocks representative of the geneticT. cruzilineages, displaying different susceptibilities to BZ, belonging to the majorT. cruzigenotypes broadly dispersed in North and South America and important in Chagas’ disease epidemiology were used. Therapeutic efficacy was observed in 27.8% of the animals treated. Following BZ susceptibility classification, significant differences were observed in dual infections on the major genotype level, demonstrating that combinations of genotypes 19+39 and genotypes 19+32 led to a shift in the expected BZ susceptibility profile toward the resistance pattern. Analysis on theT. cruzistock level demonstrated that 9 out of 24 dual infections shifted the expected BZ susceptibility profile compared with the respective single infections, including shifts toward lower and higher BZ susceptibilities. Microsatellite identification was able to identify a mixture ofT. cruzistocks in 7.7% of theT. cruziisolates from infected and untreated mice (6.9%) and infected and treated but not cured mice (9.0%), revealing in some mixtures of BZ-susceptible and -resistant stocks that theT. cruzistock identified after BZ treatment was previously susceptible in single infections. Considering the clonal structure and evolution ofT. cruzi, an unexpected result was the identification of parasite subpopulations with distinct microsatellite alleles in relation to the original stocks observed in 12.2% of the isolates. Taken together, the data suggest that mixed infections, already verified in nature, may have an important impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Interaction between Leukotoxin and Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase in
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Balashova Nataliya V. , Park Diane H. , Patel Jigna K. , Figurski David H. , Kachlany Scott C. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Aggregatibacter
(
Actinobacillus
)
actinomycetemcomitans
is a gram-negative oral pathogen that is the etiologic agent of localized aggressive periodontitis and systemic infections.
A. actinomycetemcomitans
produces leukotoxin (LtxA), which is a member of the RTX (repeats in toxin) family of secreted bacterial toxins and is known to target human leukocytes and erythrocytes. To better understand how LtxA functions as a virulence factor, we sought to detect and study potential
A. actinomycetemcomitans
proteins that interact with LtxA. We found that Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) interacts specifically with LtxA. Cu,Zn SOD was purified from
A. actinomycetemcomitans
to homogeneity and remained enzymatically active. Purified Cu,Zn SOD allowed us to isolate highly specific anti-Cu,Zn SOD antibody and this antibody was used to further confirm protein interaction. Cu,Zn SOD-deficient mutants displayed decreased survival in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and could be complemented with wild-type Cu,Zn SOD in
trans
. We suggest that
A. actinomycetemcomitans
Cu,Zn SOD may protect both bacteria and LtxA from reactive species produced by host inflammatory cells during disease. This is the first example of a protein-protein interaction involving a bacterial Cu,Zn SOD.
Human CD18 Is the Functional Receptor forAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansLeukotoxin
Authors: Dileepan T. , Kachlany S. C. , Balashova N. V. , Patel J. , Maheswaran S. K. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTAggregatibacter(Actinobacillus)actinomycetemcomitansis the causative organism of localized aggressive periodontitis, a rapidly progressing degenerative disease of the gingival and periodontal ligaments, and is also implicated in causing subacute infective endocarditis in humans. The bacterium produces a variety of virulence factors, including an exotoxic leukotoxin (LtxA) that is a member of the repeats-in-toxin (RTX) family of bacterial cytolysins. LtxA exhibits a unique specificity to macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells of humans and other primates. Human lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) has been implicated as the putative receptor for LtxA. Human LFA-1 comprises the CD11a and CD18 subunits. It is not clear, however, which of its subunits serves as the functional receptor that confers species-specific susceptibility to LtxA. Here we demonstrate that the human CD18 is the receptor for LtxA based on experiments performed with chimeric β2-integrins recombinantly expressed in a cell line that is resistant to LtxA effects. In addition, we show that the cysteine-rich tandem repeats encompassing integrin-epidermal growth factor-like domains 2, 3, and 4 of the extracellular region of human CD18 are critical for conferring susceptibility to LtxA-induced biological effects.
σ
B
and the σ
B
-Dependent
arlRS
and
yabJ-spoVG
Loci Affect Capsule Formation in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Meier Stefan , Goerke Christiane , Wolz Christiane , Seidl Kati , Homerova Dagmar , Schulthess Bettina , Kormanec Jan , Berger-Bächi Brigitte , Bischoff Markus 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The alternative transcription factor σ
B
of
Staphylococcus aureus
affects the transcription of the
cap
gene cluster, required for the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CP), although this operon is lacking an apparent σ
B
-dependent promoter. Regulation of
cap
expression and CP production in
S. aureus
strain Newman was shown here to be influenced by σ
B
, the two-component signal transduction regulatory system ArlRS, and the
yabJ-spoVG
locus to different extents. Inactivation of
arlR
or deletion of the
sigB
operon strongly suppressed
capA
(CP synthesis enzyme A) transcription. Deletion of
spoVG
had a polar effect on
yabJ-spoVG
transcription and resulted in a two- to threefold decrease in
capA
transcription. Interestingly, immunofluorescence showed that CP production was strongly impaired in all three mutants, signaling that the
yabJ-spoVG
inactivation, despite its only partial effect on
capA
transcription, abolished capsule formation.
trans
-Complementation of the Δ
spoVG
mutant with
yabJ-spoVG
under the control of its native promoter restored CP-5 production and
capA
expression to levels seen in the wild type. Northern analyses revealed a strong impact of σ
B
on
arlRS
and
yabJ-spoVG
transcription. We hypothesize that ArlR and products of the
yabJ-spoVG
locus may serve as effectors that modulate σ
B
control over σ
B
-dependent genes lacking an apparent σ
B
promoter.