bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive skinning for character animation
Authors: Pilgrim Simon , Steed Anthony , Aguado Alberto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious works have shown that for characters with obvious articulation, animations comprising the blending of skeletal bone transformations, significantly reduce the computation and data requirements, permitting much greater visual detail. However increasingly, animators and engine designers must produce animations that can run on platforms with quite different runtime capabilities. They may simply author multiple skeletons and sets of animations, or reduce the temporal or spatial detail to achieve acceptable frame rates. In this paper we show how these skeletal skinning methods can be extended to support a continuous level of animation detail. We show that by manipulating the skeletal hierarchy and skinning parameters we can throttle the computational load of a character model in real‐time according to its position in a scene and any hardware constraints. Our method is compatible with additional geometric level of detail (LoD) methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual Laplacian morphing for triangular meshes
Authors: Hu Jianwei , Liu Ligang , Wang Guozhao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecently, animations with deforming objects have been frequently used in various computer graphics applications. Morphing of objects is one of the techniques which realize shape transformation between two or more existing objects. In this paper, we present a novel morphing approach for 3D triangular meshes with the same topology. The basic idea of our method is to interpolate the mean curvature flow of the input meshes as the curvature flow Laplacian operator encodes the intrinsic local information of the mesh. The in‐between meshes are recovered from the interpolated mean curvature flow in the dual mesh domain due to the simplicity of the neighborhood structure of dual mesh vertices. Our approach can generate visual pleasing and physical plausible morphing sequences and avoid the shrinkage and kinks appeared in the linear interpolation method. Experimental results are presented to show the applicability and flexibility of our approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPEM: a new haptic rendering method based on time coherence
Authors: García M. , Espadero J. M. , Pastor L. , Rodríguez A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNowadays many interactive computer graphics applications use the haptic channel to achieve higher degrees of immersion. Most of these systems have to deal with soft bodies and they always demand higher and higher levels of realism, increasing the complexity of the animated scenarios. Therefore, the techniques used to animate the objects should be very efficient to grant interactivity. Furthermore, one of the most important issues in physically based simulations is to keep the model stable under all simulation conditions. This paper presents a technique called Separated Proxy—Effector Method (SPEM) to keep high levels of stability in the haptic response without degrading the performance of the simulation system. SPEM is fast, haptic plausible, robust, and it deals with soft bodies. Experimental results show the advantages of this new approach from the point of view of stability, in particular if it is compared with distance‐based minimization techniques. Its simplicity grants efficient implementations for a wide range of applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time cartoon water animation
Authors: Yu Jinhui , Jiang Xinan , Chen Haiying , Yao Cheng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCartoon water effects have both stylized visual appearance and stylized behavior, they also vary in forms and structures in different environment. In this paper we present a template‐based approach for generating cartoon water effects including flowing water, water jet and ripples. First, we classify cartoon water into different types and design templates to define the underling structures for them, the low frequency information of cartoon water actions is encoded in those structures and frame‐to‐frame coherence is maintained during animation. Second, we design a set of cartoon water shapes that can be grouped according to some rules and placed onto corresponding templates. We also provide tools that allow the user to interactively specify the position or path of the cartoon water, and edit the size, speed as well as spacing of water shapes. Advantages of our approach are that stylized features of cartoon water can be well preserved both for forms and dynamics, furthermore, those stylized forms can be animated in real‐time both in 2D and 3D. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brønsted Basicities of Diamines in the Gas Phase, Acetonitrile, and Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Rõõm Eva‐Ingrid , Kütt Agnes , Kaljurand Ivari , Koppel Ivar , Leito Ivo , Koppel Ilmar A. , Mishima Masaaki , Goto Kenta , Miyahara Yuji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA comprehensive basicity study of α,ω‐alkanediamines and related bases has been carried out. Basicities in acetonitrile (AN, pKa values), tetrahydrofuran (THF, pKα values), and gas phase (GP, GB values), were measured for 16, 14, and 9 diamine bases and for several related monoamines. In addition the gas‐phase basicities and equilibrium geometries were computed for 19 diamino bases and several related monoamines at the DFT B3LYP 6‐311+G** level. The effects of the different factors (intrinsic basicity of the amino groups, formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and molecular strain) determining the diamine basicities were estimated by using the method of isodesmic reactions. The results are discussed in terms of molecular structure and solvation effects. The GP basicity is determined by the molecular size and polarizability, the extent of alkylation, and the energy effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation in the protonated base. The basicity trends in the solvents differ very much from those in GP: 1) The solvents severely compress the basicity range of the bases studied (3.5 times for the 1,3‐propanediamine family in AN, and 7 times in THF), and 2) while stepwise alkylation of the basicity center leads to a steady basicity increase in the gas phase, the picture is complex in the solvents. Significant differences are also evident between THF and AN. The high hydrogen bond acceptor strength of THF leads to this solvent favoring the bases with “naked” protonation centers. In particular, the basicity order of N‐methylated 1,3‐propanediamines is practically inverse to that in the gas phase. The picture in AN is intermediate between that of GP and THF.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly Initiated by Solid–Solid Wetting
Authors: Trixler Frank , Markert Thomas , Lackinger Markus , Jamitzky Ferdinand , Heckl Wolfgang M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present a preparation method for self‐assembled supra‐molecular monolayers of unsubstituted organic semiconductors and pigments on a solid substrate, applicable under ambient conditions. The deposition is based on a solid–solid wetting phenomenon, whereas the subsequent layer growth proceeds according to standard models. Molecular adsorption results from direct contact of the compound in a nanocrystalline state with the solid surface. Based on complementary force field calculations, we propose that molecules disintegrate from the crystalline state and adsorb on the surface because of a gain in binding energy. The preparation method is exemplified by means of a linear hydrogen‐bonded system, namely quinacridone (QAC) on graphite. In addition, the chosen system allows us to actively guide the self‐assembly after deliberate removal of molecules from a predefined area.
Differential expression of caveolin‐1 in renal neoplasms
Authors: Tamaskar Ila , Choueiri Toni K. , Sercia Linda , Rini Brian , Bukowski Ronald , Zhou Ming 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Caveolin‐1 is a major component of membrane caveolae, which are specialized lipid raft microdomains on cell membrane that are implicated in molecular transport, cell adhesion, and signal transduction. The overexpression of caveolin‐1 recently was associated with a poor outcome in patients with clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and was proposed as a useful diagnostic marker. In the current study, the authors used immunohistochemistry to investigate the membranous and cytoplasmic expression of caveolin‐1 and its correlation with other pathologic parameters in different subtypes of renal neoplasms.METHODS.A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 60 normal kidneys, 22 CCRCCs, 20 papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs), 16 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs), and 19 oncocytomas (ONCs). The TMA was immunostained for caveolin‐1 protein. Both membranous and cytoplasmic caveolin‐1 expression levels were measured and were correlated with tumor size, Fuhrman nuclear grade, and pathologic stage.RESULTS.Caveolin‐1 was expressed normally in distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, parietal cells of Bowman capsule, smooth muscle, and vascular endothelial cells. Membranous caveolin‐1 expression was detected in 19 of 22 CCRCCs (86.4%), which was significantly higher than the membranous caveolin‐1 expression detected in PRCCs (1 of 20 tumors; 5%), ChRCCs (0 of 16 tumors; 0%), and ONCs (1 of 19 tumors; 5.3%). Cytoplasmic caveolin‐1 expression was detected in 16 of 22 CCRCCs (72.7%), in 13 of 20 PRCCs (65%), in 8 of 16 ChRCCs, (50%), and in 13 of 19 ONCs (68.4%). The percentage of tumors that expressed cytoplasmic caveolin‐1 did not differ significantly among the different types of renal tumors (P = .1). Only membranous caveolin‐1 expression was correlated with tumor size (Pearson correlation = 0.266; P = .043). There was no correlation between membranous or cytoplasmic caveolin‐1 expression and other pathologic parameters, including Fuhrman nuclear grade and staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, lymph node, metastasis classification system.CONCLUSIONS.Caveolin‐1 expression has 2 distinctive patterns in renal neoplasms: membranous and cytoplasmic. In the current study, membranous caveolin‐1 expression was detected predominantly in CCRCCs and only rarely in other subtypes of renal neoplasms. Thus, the current results indicated that caveolin‐1 expression may have potential both as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors and as a therapeutic target, especially for CCRCC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Ki‐67 and coagulative tumor necrosis are independent predictors of poor outcome for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and not surrogates for each other
Authors: Tollefson Matthew K. , Thompson R. Houston , Sheinin Yuri , Lohse Christine M. , Cheville John C. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Kwon Eugene D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Ki‐67 is a cell proliferation protein associated with aggressive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A recent report suggests that Ki‐67 may represent a surrogate marker for coagulative tumor necrosis. Thus, the goal was to directly test whether Ki‐67 and necrosis convey similar or distinct information for the prognostic assessment of ccRCC.METHODS.Tumor specimens from 741 consecutively treated patients who underwent surgery for ccRCC between 1990 and 1999 were evaluated. Tumor specimens were assessed for various clinicopathologic features, including levels of tumor cell Ki‐67 expression. Associations of these features with death from RCC were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.RESULTS.At last follow‐up, 396 patients had died, including 238 who died from ccRCC at a median of 2.1 years after surgery. Although tumor cell Ki‐67 expression and coagulative tumor necrosis were highly correlated, the prognostic information conveyed by these 2 markers failed to overlap. For the subset of patients with necrotic tumors, high levels of Ki‐67 more than doubled the risk of death from RCC (risk ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–3.11; P < .001). For patients with tumors lacking necrosis, high levels of Ki‐67 expression were similarly correlated with an increased risk of death from RCC (risk ratio, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.66–3.77; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS.Prognostic information conveyed by Ki‐67 and coagulative tumor necrosis are not interchangeable. Thus, Ki‐67 and coagulative tumor necrosis should not be treated as surrogates for one another and both of these features should be evaluated when generating outcome predictions for patients with ccRCC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
First clinical experience of orally active epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor combined with simplified FOLFOX6 as first‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Zampino Maria Giulia , Magni Elena , Massacesi Cristian , Zaniboni Alberto , Martignetti Angelo , Zorzino Laura , Lorizzo Katia , Santoro Luigi , Boselli Sabrina , de Braud Filippo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Gefitinib, an orally active inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, combined with chemotherapy, has shown efficacy as second‐line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Gefitinib combined with FOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin plus folinic acid and 5‐fluorouracil) was tested as a first‐line therapy.METHODS.Patients with metastatic EGFR‐positive CRC received gefitinib at a dose of 250 mg/day combined with simplified FOLFOX6. Gefitinib was continued as maintenance treatment in nonprogressing patients. Responses were assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria and adverse events were assessed with the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI‐CTC) scale.RESULTS.A total of 56 patients were recruited. There were 26 men and 30 women, with a median age of 57.5 years. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was as follows: 0 in 39 patients, 1 in 12 patients, and 2 in 5 patients. Thirty‐nine patients (69.6%) had stage IV disease at diagnosis, 92.9% had liver involvement, and 46.4% had ≥2 metastatic sites. All patients were evaluated for safety, and 53 were evaluated for response: 40 patients (71.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57.8%–82.6%) had complete or partial responses, and 11 patients (19.6%) had stable disease. Median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2.1–33.0 months; 95% CI, 6.2–9.0 months). Radical surgery or thermoablation of metastatic sites was performed in 14 patients (25%). NCI‐CTC grade 3–4 events occurred in 36 patients (64.3%): diarrhea in 9 patients (16.1%), and hematologic toxicity in 13 patients (23.2%). Four patients (7.1%) were withdrawn for drug‐related adverse events.CONCLUSIONS.The regimen has shown promising efficacy with manageable toxicity as a first‐line treatment for patients with advanced CRC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Time to first disease progression, but not β2‐microglobulin, predicts outcome in myeloma patients who receive thalidomide as salvage therapy
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , Bringhen Sara , Falco Patrizia , Cavallo Federica , Ambrosini Maria Teresa , Avonto Ilaria , Gay Francesca , Caravita Tommaso , Bruno Benedetto , Boccadoro Mario 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Baseline parameters that may be predictive of outcome after thalidomide treatment have been investigated to identify which myeloma patient subgroups will most benefit from this drug.METHODS.Thalidomide has been used as a salvage regimen at the study institution since 1999. A total of 102 myeloma patients who were diagnosed between January 1999 and February 2005 were evaluable for intention‐to‐treat analysis; 78 patients received thalidomide (at a dose of 100 mg/day continuously) and dexamethasone (at a dose of 40 mg/day on Days 1–4 each month) (TD) as salvage treatment whereas 24 patients died or were lost to follow‐up before the initiation of TD. Several parameters such as serum β2‐microglobulin, serum C‐reactive protein, immunoglobulin A isotype, hemoglobin, stage of disease, bone marrow plasmacytosis, age, serum creatinine, gender, stem cell transplantation at the time of diagnosis, and time to first disease progression were analyzed in association with overall survival (OS).RESULTS.The OS from the time of diagnosis was 43.8 months. Using univariate analysis, factors found to be associated with a shorter OS were a creatinine level ≥2 mg/dL (P= .05), stage III (P= .04), and time to first disease progression ≤12 months (P< .0001). The only factor that remained significantly associated with a shorter OS in multivariate models was time to first disease progression ≤12 months (P= .0006). Elevated serum β2‐microglobulin was not found to be predictive of poor OS.CONCLUSIONS.Time to first disease progression >12 months was found to be the best indicator of OS. Elevated serum β2‐microglobulin, generally considered to be a poor prognostic factor, was not found to be predictive of outcome. Cancer 2007; 110:824–9. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Phase II trial of carboplatin, gemcitabine, and capecitabine in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site
Authors: Schneider Bryan J. , El‐Rayes Basil , Muler Jeffery H. , Philip Philip A. , Kalemkerian Gregory P. , Griffith Kent A. , Zalupski Mark M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purposes of this study were to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of the combination of carboplatin, gemcitabine, and capecitabine in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP).METHODS.Patients with CUP received carboplatin AUC 5 mg/mL a minute intravenously Day 1, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously Days 1 and 8, and capecitabine 1600 mg/m2 orally in divided doses, Days 1–14 of a 21‐day cycle for up to 8 cycles. The primary endpoint of the study was objective response rate by intent‐to‐treat analysis.RESULTS.Thirty‐three patients were treated (median age, 58 years; men:women ratio, 19:14). Most patients had a baseline performance status of 1. The objective response rate was 39.4% (95% CI, 22.9%–57.9%) in all patients, 36.4% in 22 patients with well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 40.0% in 20 patients with liver metastases. Median progression‐free survival time was 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.4%–8.0%), and median survival time was 7.6 months (95% CI, 6.3–14.1). One and 2‐year survival rates were 35.6% and 14.2%, respectively. The most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events were neutropenia (67%), thrombocytopenia (48%), and anemia (33%).CONCLUSIONS.The combination of carboplatin, gemcitabine, and capecitabine is active in CUP, especially in patients with liver metastases. This regimen may be a potential therapy for CUP patients with good performance status, particularly those with a suspected origin below the diaphragm. Cancer 2007; 110:770–5. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Simultaneous Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Anisodamine, Atropine, and Scopolamine in Flos daturae by Capillary Electrophoresis Using β‐Cyclodextrin as Additive
Authors: Li Jianguo , Chun Yuan , Ju Huangxian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis work developed a simple and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of three effective ingredients, atropine, scopolamine and anisodamine, in Flos daturae based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection. β‐Cyclodextrin was used as an additive to the running buffer for obtaining the absolute separation. The proposed method displayed the linear ranges from 0.2 to 100, 0.2 to 100 and 20 to 200 μM for anisodamine, atropine and scopolamine with correlation coefficients more than 0.99, respectively. This method showed the relative standard deviations less than 4% and 6% for detection of migration time and peak height, respectively, and was suitable for the determination of these tropane alkaloids in plants and valuable in clinical and biochemical laboratories for quality control.
Rainwater Dissolved Organic Carbon: Characterization of Surface Active Substances by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Ćosović Božena , Orlović Leko Palma , Kozarac Zlatica 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSurface active substances as organic constituents of bulk precipitation were studied by AC voltammetric method. Adsorption characteristics at the mercury electrode of real rainwater samples are compared with aqueous solutions of a number model substances suggested to be representative of water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in atmospheric aerosols and droplets: monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, and polyacidic compounds, levoglucosan, polyaromatic hydrocarbon naphtalene and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. On the basis of the capacitance vs. potential curves and the surfactant activity normalized to the organic carbon content it is concluded that humic like substances, monocarboxylic acids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons may play an important role in atmospheric aquatic system because of their surface active potential.
Hydrochemical behaviour of dissolved nitrogen and carbon in a headwater stream of the Canadian Shield: relevance of antecedent soil moisture conditions
Authors: Turgeon Julie M. L. , Courchesne François 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of contrasting antecedent soil moisture conditions on the hydrochemical response, here the changes in dissolved nitrogen (NO3−, NH4+and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, of a first‐order stream during hydrological events. The study was performed in the Hermine, a 5 ha forested watershed of the Canadian Shield. It focused on a series of eight precipitation events (spring, summer and fall) sampled every 2 or 3 h and showing contrasted antecedent moisture conditions. The partition of the eight events between two groups (dry or wet) of antecedent moisture conditions was conducted using a principal component analysis (PCA). The partition was controlled (first axis explained 86% of the variability) by the antecedent streamflow, the streamflow to precipitation ratioQ/Pand by the antecedent groundwater depth. The mean H+, NO3−, NH4+, total dissolved nitrogen and DOC concentrations and electrical conductivity values in the stream were significantly higher following dry antecedent conditions than after wetter conditions had prevailed in the Hermine, although the temporal variability was high (17 to 138%). At the event scale, a significantly higher proportion of the changes in DON, NO3−, and DOC concentrations in the stream was explained by temporal variations in discharge compared with the seasonal and annual scales. Two of the key hydrochemical features of the dry events were the synchronous changes in DOC and flow and the frequent negative relationships between discharge and NO3−. The DON concentrations were much less responsive than DOC to changes in discharge, whereas NH$_{4}^ +$was not in phase with streamflow. During wet events, the synchronicity between streamflow and DON or NO3−was higher than during dry events and discharge and NO3−were generally positively linked. Based on these observations, the hydrological behaviour of the Hermine is conceptually compatible with a two‐component model of shallow (DON and DOC rich; variable NO3−) and deep (DON and DOC poor; variable NO3−) subsurface flow. The high NO3−and DOC levels measured at the early stages of dry events reflected the contribution from NO3−‐rich groundwaters. The contribution of rapid surface flow on water‐repellent soil materials located close to the stream channel is hypothesized to explain the DOC levels. An understanding of the complex interactions between antecedent soil moisture conditions, the presence of soil nutrients available for leaching and the dynamics of soil water flow paths during storms is essential to explain the fluxes of dissolved nitrogen and carbon in streams of forested watersheds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.