bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative responses of Diabroticina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to cucurbit extracts linked to species, sex, weather and deployment method
Authors: Cabrera Walsh G. , Weber D. C. , Mattioli F. , Heck G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractToxic baits and traps for Diabroticina, based on bitter cucurbit extracts, have been utilized for a number of years with inconsistent results. Four species of bitter Cucurbitaceae were compared in the field for their attractancy to species of Diabroticina in Argentina and the United States. The comparisons were made with polyester fabrics treated with known volumes of different cucurbit extracts, against a standard cucurbit extract of bitter Hawkesbury watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai). The factors evaluated were: the attractancy of the different extracts in terms of beetle numbers, species and sex of the Diabroticina caught; influence of different fabrics on such attraction; and influence of several weather variables on the catches. The most attractive species was Cayaponia bonariensis (Miller) Martinez Crovetto, however, practical considerations indicated that Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin and Hawkesbury watermelon may be better choices from the commercial perspective. No single weather factor could explain the catches throughout the sample range, but different temperature and barometric pressure ranges provided some predictive value. Although the susceptibility to weather conditions and a strong male dominance in the catches raise the question of the usefulness of cucurbitacins as the main component in toxic baits or traps, these drawbacks may prove to be less important in widespread bait applications and Diabroticina management in vegetable crops.
Serological Relationships Among the Over‐expressed Coat Proteins of Allexiviruses
Authors: Lu Y.‐W. , Chen J. , Zheng H.‐Y. , Adams M. J. , Chen J.‐P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCoat protein genes of six members of the genusAllexivirus,Garlic viruses ‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐D, ‐Eand‐X, were over‐expressed in bacteria and used to prepare polyclonal antibodies. In western blot analysis,Garlic virus D(GarV‐D) and GarV‐E were closely related serologically and there were weaker relationships between some other pairs, particularly GarV‐E with GarV‐A, GarV‐X with GarV‐A, GarV‐X with GarV‐B and GarV‐X with GarV‐C. Sequence analysis suggested that there was no simple relationship between amino acid identity and serological properties.
Molecular Characterization of a Distinct Begomovirus Infecting Crassocephalum crepidioides in China
Authors: Dong J. H. , Zhang Z. K. , Ding M. , Fang Q. , Zhou H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA Begomovirus isolate JH1 was obtained from Crassocephalum crepidioides showing yellow vein symptoms in Jinghong of Yunnan province, China. The complete sequence of Begomovirus DNA‐A‐like molecule of JH1 was determined to be 2745 nucleotides long. When compared with other begomoviruses, JH1 DNA‐A has the highest nucleotide sequence identity (86.4%) with that of Tobacco curly shoot virus. Comparisons of individual encoded proteins with other begomoviruses show that different parts of JH1 DNA‐A have different ancestors. The molecular data show that JH1 is a distinct Begomovirus species, for which the name Crassocephalum yellow vein virus is proposed.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus Invade South‐east Coast of China
Authors: Mugiira R. B. , Liu S.‐S. , Zhou X. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn epidemic outbreak of severe yellow leaf curl disease was reported in field grown tomato within Zhejiang Province of China in the autumn–winter cropping season of 2006. A molecular diagnostic survey was carried out based on comparisons of partial and complete viral DNA sequences. Comparison of partial DNA‐A sequences amplified with degenerate primers specific for begomoviruses confirmed the presence of two types of begomoviruses. The complete DNA sequences of five isolates, corresponding to the two types, were determined. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they correspond to two previously identified begomoviruses, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus. The satellite DNAβ molecule was not detected in these samples by either PCR or Southern blot hybridization analysis. There has been no previous report of geminivirus disease incidence in Zhejiang Province, indicating that the introduction of these two tomato infecting geminiviruses into the agro‐ecological zone of South‐eastern China is a fairly recent event. The implications for disease control are discussed.
Overwintering of Monilinia fructicola in Stone Fruit Orchards in Northern China
Authors: Zhong Y. F. , Zhang Y. W. , Chen X. Y. , Luo Y. , Guo L.Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSurvival of Monilinia fructicola on the surface of mummified fruit and in peduncles and shoots of stone fruit trees infected by M. fructicola in the previous season was studied from 2003 to 2006 in orchards in the agricultural region of Beijing. Viable conidia of M. fructicola were consistently detected on fruit mummies from mid‐March to the end of April. During flowering (in mid‐April), studies in five peach orchards showed that 33–87% of mummified fruit bore viable conidia. The germination rate of conidia on diseased fruit was about 64% in autumn. It decreased to 24% in mid‐winter when the fruit was completely mummified, and in the following year to 2–4% in early spring. Viable M. fructicola was consistently detected in peach and nectarine shoots collected in winter and spring. In general, viable M. fructicola in peduncles was detected from mummified fruit of 11–27% branches and from asymptomatic plant tissues of 3–20% branches. Sporulation of M. fructicola was observed on peduncles in seven of eight surveys, and the percentage of branches containing viable M. fructicola in peduncles in contact with mummified fruits ranged from 18% to 40%. This study demonstrates that the tree‐borne mummified fruit and the peduncles could be the parts of trees where M. fructicola can survive the winter in orchards in suburban Beijing.
Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to the Recombinant Coat Protein of Citrus tristeza virus and their Effectiveness for Virus Detection
Authors: Iracheta‐Cárdenas M. , Sandoval‐Alejos B. D. , Román‐Calderón M. E. , Manjunath K. L. , Lee R. F. , Rocha‐Peña M. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is distributed worldwide and causes the most economically important virus diseases of citrus. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or immunoprinting have become an indispensable tools for large‐scale diagnosis of CTV worldwide. Several CTV detection kits are commercially available, based on either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies developed against purified virus preparations. We have developed polyclonal antibodies to recombinant p25 CTV coat proteins (rCP) and determined their effectiveness for both trapping and as the intermediate antibody in double‐antibody sandwich indirect (DASI) ELISA. The p25 coat protein gene of three CTV isolates was amplified by RT‐PCR and further cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The rCP was injected into rabbits and goats for antibody production. Western blotting assays with the rCP CTV‐specific antibodies reacted positively with the homologous and heterologous rCP of the three CTV isolates and with the corresponding native coat protein present in crude sap extracts of CTV‐infected citrus tissue, but not with extracts from healthy tissue. The rCP antibodies from goat and rabbit reacted as both plate trapping and intermediate antibodies in DASI‐ELISA, discriminating healthy and CTV‐infected citrus, with optical density (OD405) values in the range of 0.151–2.415 for CTV‐infected samples and less than 0.100 for healthy tissue. Commercially available anti‐CTV antibodies were used as a reference. Previous reports indicate that antibodies developed to recombinant antigens, including those of CTV, may not be functional for trapping the target antigens under non‐denaturing conditions. Our results showed the feasibility of CTV antibodies developed to the rCP for use as both trapping and intermediate antibodies in DASI‐ELISA, when the recombinant antigen was fractioned with polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel and further extensively dialysed against phosphate buffer saline prior to its use as immunogen.
Potential loss of unique genetic diversity in tomato landraces by genetic colonization of modern cultivars at a non‐center of origin
Authors: San‐San‐Yi  , Jatoi S. A. , Fujimura T. , Yamanaka S. , Watanabe J. , Watanabe K. N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report the genetic diversity of tomato landraces from Myanmar, with reference to worldwide tomato accessions. Ten simple sequence repeat markers were screened and used to create diversity profiles of tomato germplasm. A total of 133 alleles were amplified from the germplasm investigated; alleles specific to landraces from Myanmar were also observed. Higher genetic diversity for the Myanmar landraces highlighted the broad genetic base of tomato germplasm. Principal component analysis showed that most of the Myanmar landraces were divergent from other accessions. The different approaches used to analyse landrace diversity documented the broader genetic base of germplasm from Myanmar, which is a non‐center of origin for tomato. Genetic diversity in the landraces may be attributable to diverse production systems used by different ethnic groups in Myanmar, ranging from natural hydroponics in eastern areas, to slash‐and‐burn fields in mountain areas and shifting cultivation in many parts of the country. The availability of uniform and high‐yielding cultivars/hybrids threatens the valuable landraces in Myanmar. We emphasize the need to evaluate tomato germplasm from Myanmar for different traits and sustainable use with simultaneous conservation.
Identification of low lectin mutants in soybean
Authors: George M. A. , Bhide S. V. , Thengane R. J. , Hosseini G. H. , Manjaya J. G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLectin is one of the known antinutritional factors that deteriorate the soybean protein quality and development of cultivars with low lectin content will help to improve nutritional quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Therefore, attempts were made to induce mutations for low lectin content in the cultivar ‘MACS 450’. Soybean cultivar ‘MACS 450’ was subjected to combination treatments of γ‐rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) with an objective to induce variability for low lectin content. The treatments of different combinations of γ‐rays and EMS were 50 Gy + 0.2% EMS, 50 Gy + 0.4% EMS, 100 Gy + 0.2% EMS and 100 Gy + 0.4% EMS. Of the 3200 treated M1 seeds sown, 16 400 M2 plants were raised. In M2, 72 plants were identified for low lectin content [<40 × 105 haemagglutination unit (HAU)/mg] and were carried up to M5 generation. In M5 generation, lectin content in ‘MACS 450’ was 39.23 to 50.0 × 105 HAU/mg, and was compared with the nine true breeding lines identified having low lectin content, ranging from 2.3 × 105 to 27.46 × 105 HAU/mg. Three mutants were found to possess very low lectin content (ranging from 2.0 × 105 to 3.0 × 105 HAU/mg). Thus, the identified mutant lines with low lectin content will greatly improve soybean protein quality, thereby reducing financial burden on the soybean industry for processing soybean meal and also making it suitable for human consumption. All the mutants showed normal seed development, having soluble protein content similar or higher than that in the parent (32.0 mg/ml). This indicates that the change in lectin content does not have any negative impact on the plant growth and protein content.
Predicting breeding values of spring barley accessions by using the singular value decomposition of genetic similarities
Authors: Bauer A. M. , Reetz T. C. , Léon J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAs pedigree information among parental lines is often incomplete, selection response can be enhanced if a matrix containing genetic similarities is used in the mixed model equations (MME) to predict breeding values. However, a low number of molecular markers may cause this matrix to be singular. This study was conducted to determine if breeding values are still accurate when a singular value decomposition of genetic similarities was performed setting negative singular values to zero. Two‐year data for four traits of 152 spring barley accessions, which were analyzed by 23 SSR markers, were used in the prediction of breeding values. In general, similar values of Akaike Information Criteria and of overall standard error of difference and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient between breeding values ranging from 0.92 to 0.99 were obtained independent of whether the prediction was based on a singular value decomposition of genetic similarities or not. In conclusion, the singular value decomposition of genetic similarities appears to be a suitable method in the case of singular matrices.
Introgression of a quantitative trait locus for spikelets per panicle from Oryza minuta to the O. sativa cultivar Hwaseongbyeo
Authors: Linh L.‐H. , Hang N.‐T. , Jin F.‐X. , Kang K.‐H. , Lee Y.‐T. , Kwon S.‐J. , Ahn S.‐N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new QTL for spikelets per panicle (SPP) was detected on the long arm of chromosome 7 in an F2 population derived from a cross between the japonica cultivar Hwaseongbyeo and WH29001. WH29001, an advanced backcross line was developed by introgressing chromosomal segments from an accession of O. minuta (2n = 48, BBCC, Acc. no. 101141) into the O. sativa subsp. japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo. The O. minuta allele increased SPP in the Hwaseongbyeo background despite the fact that O. minuta was the small panicle parent. Using F3 and F4 progenies, spp7 was validated and mapped to a 2.3 Mb region in the interval between the SSR markers RM445 and RM21615 based on the japonica genome sequence. A yield trial using F4 lines indicated that the lines carrying an O. minuta chromosome segment across the entire spp7 target region out‐yielded its sister lines containing Hwaseongbyeo chromosome in the target region and Hwaseongbyeo by 14.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Increase in SPP in WH29001 was mainly because of the increase in primary branches per panicle. The locus, spp7 is of particular interest because of its independence from undesirable height and flowering time. SSR markers tightly linked to the spp7 will facilitate cloning of the gene underlying this QTL as well as marker‐assisted selection for variation in SPP in an applied breeding program.
Performance of landraces, exotic elite populations and their crosses in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in drought and non‐drought conditions
Authors: Yadav O. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe crop cultivars targeted for drought prone areas need to combine drought tolerance and high yield. The present study was conducted to assess the performance of three selected pearl millet landraces, four exotic elite populations and their 12 crosses. They were evaluated for yield, yield components and a drought susceptibility index that was calculated using yield data from drought and non‐drought environments. In the non‐drought season, the exotic populations had significantly higher grain yield than landraces. However, in the severe drought season, the landraces produced significantly greater biomass, grain and stover yields than elite populations. There was a strong relation between panicle size and ability to produce panicles and delay in flowering under severe stress. The biomass and stover yield of crosses was significantly better than parental populations under both drought stress and near‐optimum conditions. The elite populations were most sensitive to drought while crosses were as drought tolerant as landraces because they combined larger panicle size of exotics and lesser delay in flowering of landraces. The results indicated that it is possible to combine drought adaptation with high yield potential through hybridization between adapted landraces and elite genetic materials.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis: Clinical, radiographical and serological markers of dissemination
Authors: HUNG Ming‐Szu , TSAI Ying‐Huang , LEE Cheng‐Hui , YANG Cheng‐Ta 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  This study aimed to identify markers of disseminated infection in patients presenting with pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods:  Patients diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis at a tertiary hospital between April 1998 and April 2005 were included and their clinical, radiological and pathological data analysed retrospectively.Results:  Thirty‐one patients (14 male) were recruited into the study. Disseminated infection was seen in nine patients (29%), with the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from the blood of five patients and the cerebrospinal fluid of seven (three patients had both positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid findings). Patients with disseminated infection had a significantly higher incidence of impaired cellular immunity (immunosuppressant use, AIDS and haematological malignancy) (P = 0.015), fever (P < 0.001), interstitial abnormalities on CXR (P < 0.001), pleural effusion (P = 0.017) and death (P = 0.04) when compared with patients with localized infection. Serum cryptococcal antigen (sCRAG) was positive in 17 of the 19 patients tested at the time of diagnosis. Significantly higher sCRAG titres were noted in patients who had fever (P = 0.001), interstitial abnormalities on CXR (P = 0.004), pleural effusion (P = 0.018), disseminated disease (P = 0.003) and in those who died (P = 0.05).Conclusions:  In pulmonary cryptococcosis patients, the presence of fever, interstitial abnormalities on CXR or pleural effusion should lead clinicians to suspect disseminated infection. High titres of sCRAG may indicate more extensive extra‐pulmonary involvement and a worse prognosis.
Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin in bronchial epithelial lining fluid
Authors: KIKUCHI Eiki , YAMAZAKI Koichi , KIKUCHI Junko , HASEGAWA Naoki , HASHIMOTO Satoru , ISHIZAKA Akitoshi , NISHIMURA Masaharu 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  BAL is an established technique for measuring antibiotic concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the bronchiolar‐alveolar regions. However, the results may not reflect concentrations in bronchial regions. Bronchoscopic microsampling (BMS) is a technique for repeated sampling of bronchial ELF. The objective of the present study was to determine the time versus concentration profile of clarithromycin and its active metabolite, 14‐hydroxy‐clarithromycin, in bronchial ELF, as determined by BMS.Methods:  BMS was performed at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 h after a single oral administration of 200 mg clarithromycin in five healthy volunteers. BAL was performed 3 h after administration to determine clarithromycin concentrations in alveolar ELF and alveolar macrophages (AM).Results:  The maximum concentration (Cmax) of clarithromycin was 0.36 ± 0.07 mg/L in serum and 1.44 ± 0.49 mg/L in bronchial ELF (P < 0.01). Cmax for 14‐hydroxy‐clarithromycin was 0.34 ± 0.13 mg/L in serum and 0.68 ± 0.34 mg/L in bronchial ELF. The area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 10 h (AUC0‐10) for clarithromycin was 2.10 ± 0.49 mg·h/L for serum and 7.37 ± 2.07 mg·h/L for bronchial ELF (P < 0.01). The concentrations of clarithromycin in alveolar ELF and AM, 3 h after oral administration, were 4.84 ± 3.39 mg/L and 10.7 ± 8.7 mg/L, respectively.Conclusions:  A single oral dose of clarithromycin produces a significantly higher Cmax and AUC0‐10 for clarithromycin in bronchial ELF than in serum, and higher concentrations in alveolar ELF and AM than in serum. BMS might be useful for measuring the pharmacokinetic profile of clarithromycin in bronchial ELF.
Torque teno virus DNA titre elevated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with primary lung cancer
Authors: BANDO Masashi , TAKAHASHI Masaharu , OHNO Shoji , HOSONO Tatsuya , HIRONAKA Mitsugu , OKAMOTO Hiroaki , SUGIYAMA Yukihiko 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  IPF is an independent risk factor for lung cancer, but the mechanism of this association has not fully been elucidated. The role of Torque teno virus (TTV) in respiratory disease is poorly understood, although it has been shown that infection with TTV is associated with the activity and prognosis of IPF. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and titre of TTV DNA among patients with IPF and lung cancer.Methods:  The presence of TTV DNA was determined by PCR in the sera of patients with both lung cancer and IPF (n = 22), patients with IPF only (n = 35), and patients with lung cancer only (n = 142).Results:  TTV DNA was detectable in all patients with both IPF and lung cancer, in 94.3% of the patients with IPF only and 97.2% of the patients with lung cancer only. The TTV DNA titre in the patients with IPF and lung cancer was significantly higher than that in the patients with IPF only or lung cancer only. The percentage of TTV‐positive patients with a high TTV titre in the IPF and lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in the IPF only group.Conclusions:  These findings are the first report on the association between TTV and the complication of lung cancer in IPF and suggest that TTV infection might be associated with the development of lung cancer in IPF.
Continuous positive airway pressure increases inspiratory capacity of COPD patients
Authors: SOARES Silvia M.T.P. , OLIVEIRA Rosmari A.R.A. , FRANCA Suelene A. , REZENDE Silvio M. , DRAGOSAVAC Desanka , KACMAREK Robert M. , CARVALHO Carlos R.R. 
Published: March 2008

Background and objective:  Hyperinflation with a decrease in inspiratory capacity (IC) is a common presentation for both unstable and stable COPD patients. As CPAP can reduce inspiratory load, possibly secondary to a reduction in hyperinflation, this study examined whether CPAP would increase IC in stable COPD patients.Methods:  Twenty‐one stable COPD patients (nine emphysema, 12 chronic bronchitis) received a trial of CPAP for 5 min at 4, 7 and 11 cmH2O. Fast and slow VC (SVC) were measured before and after each CPAP trial. In patients in whom all three CPAP levels resulted in a decreased IC, an additional trial of CPAP at 2 cmH2O was conducted. For each patient, a ‘best CPAP’ level was defined as the one associated with the greatest IC. This pressure was then applied for an additional 10 min followed by spirometry.Results:  Following application of the ‘best CPAP’, the IC and SVC increased in 15 patients (nine emphysema, six chronic bronchitis). The mean change in IC was 159 mL (95% CI: 80–237 mL) and the mean change in SVC was 240 mL (95% CI: 97–386 mL). Among these patients, those with emphysema demonstrated a mean increase in IC of 216 mL (95% CI: 94–337 mL). Six patients (all with chronic bronchitis) did not demonstrate any improvement in IC.Conclusions:  The best individualized CPAP can increase inspiratory capacity in patients with stable COPD, especially in those with emphysema.