bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life History of Hickory Shad in the St. Johns River, Florida
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , McBride Richard S. , Williams Roy O. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHickory shad Alosa mediocris spawn in rivers from Maryland to Florida, but little research has been published regarding their life history. We collected hickory shad in the St. Johns River, Florida, during five consecutive spawning years from 2000 to 2005. Hickory shad migrated upstream by December and remained in the river and its tributaries until March. Females were larger than males and accounted for 17.7% of the adults collected. All but one female examined were mature and contained yolked oocytes. No females had hydrated oocytes, but four had fresh postovulatory follicles (POFs < 24 h old), indicating a batch spawning pattern. Females with fresh POFs were collected from Shad Alley and the Wekiva and Econlockhatchee rivers, but otherwise the spawning grounds could not be delineated. Fish constituted over 97% of the diet by weight and were found in 11.5% of the stomachs examined. Scale and otolith ages produced the same age range, from 1 to 7 years. A test of symmetry did not detect systematic age differences between the two methods, although exact agreement was only 57%. Spawning marks on scales indicated that mature hickory shad ranged in age from 2 to 7 years and that most spawning individuals were age 3 or 4. Hickory shad are iteroparous, and fewer than 50% showed evidence of previous spawning. Our estimates of sex ratio, age distribution, and age at maturity differed from values measured in the 1970s by Williams et al. (1975). We are uncertain whether the later age at maturity in the early 2000s relative to the 1970s was due to a biological change or a difference in sampling methods between the two studies. There is an apparent latitudinal pattern in the timing of the spawning migration for hickory shad; individuals in more northerly rivers spawned later in the season than those in southern systems.
Population Status of White Sturgeon in the Lower Columbia River within Canada
Authors: Irvine Robyn L. , Schmidt Dana C. , Hildebrand Larry R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe subpopulation of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the Canadian portion of the Columbia River between Hugh L. Keenleyside Dam and the U.S.‐Canada border has been identified as endangered, with nearly 30 consecutive years of consistent recruitment failure. The objectives of this study were to determine the status and population attributes of this subpopulation. We estimated survival rates and abundance using catch‐curve analysis and mark‐recapture models. An annual survival rate of 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88‐90%) was estimated for the subpopulation using catch‐curve analysis for the time period 1993‐2004. The survival rates estimated from the mark‐recapture data were obtained using model‐averaged parameter estimates from a multistrata Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model. The annual survival rate from the mark‐recapture model was estimated at 97% (95% CI, 92‐99%) from 1993 to 2004. The mark‐recapture methods estimated abundance for 2004 to be 1,157 individuals (95% CI, 414‐1,900). The mark‐recapture data suggest that the white sturgeon have low migration rates, ranging from 3% to 5% among sections of the river. Despite high estimated survival, high uncertainty as to the future viability of the white sturgeon subpopulation in this portion of the river remains, as natural recruitment is poor. The fish continue to age, and size and age‐frequency data suggest that recruitment failure continues in this subpopulation with minimal presence of wild juvenile or subadult white sturgeon detected.
Long-Range Enhancers Are Required to Maintain Expression of the Autoantigen Islet-Specific Glucose-6-Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit–Related Protein in Adult Mouse Islets In Vivo
Authors: Wang Yingda , Flemming Brian P. , Martin Cyrus C. , Allen Shelley R. , Walters Jay , Oeser James K. , Hutton John C. , O'Brien Richard M. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit–related protein (IGRP) is selectively expressed in islet β-cells and is a major autoantigen in both mouse and human type 1 diabetes. This study describes the use of a combination of transgenic and transfection approaches to characterize the gene regions that confer the islet-specific expression of IGRP.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Transgenic mice were generated containing the IGRP promoter sequence from −306, −911, or −3911 to +3 ligated to a LacZ reporter gene. Transgene expression was monitored by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside staining of pancreatic tissue.
RESULTS—In all the transgenic mice, robust LacZ expression was detected in newborn mouse islets, but expression became mosaic as animals aged, suggesting that additional elements are required for the maintenance of IGRP gene expression. VISTA analyses identified two conserved regions in the distal IGRP promoter and one in the third intron. Transfection experiments demonstrated that all three regions confer enhanced luciferase reporter gene expression in βTC-3 cells when ligated to a minimal IGRP promoter. A transgene containing all three conserved regions was generated by using a bacterial recombination strategy to insert a LacZ cassette into exon 5 of the IGRP gene. Transgenic mice containing a 15-kbp fragment of the IGRP gene were then generated. This transgene conferred LacZ expression in newborn mouse islets; however, expression was still suppressed as animals aged.
CONCLUSIONS—The data suggest that long-range enhancers 5′ or 3′ of the IGRP gene are required for the maintenance of IGRP gene expression in adult mice.
Low Physical Activity Accentuates the Effect of the FTO rs9939609 Polymorphism on Body Fat Accumulation
Authors: Andreasen Camilla H. , Stender-Petersen Kirstine L. , Mogensen Mette S. , Torekov Signe S. , Wegner Lise , Andersen Gitte , Nielsen Arne L. , Albrechtsen Anders , Borch-Johnsen Knut , Rasmussen Signe S. , Clausen Jesper O. , Sandbæk Annelli , Lauritzen Torsten , Hansen Lars , Jørgensen Torben , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—Three independent studies have shown that variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene associates with BMI and obesity. In the present study, the effect of FTO variation on metabolic traits including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related quantitative phenotypes was examined.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped in a total of 17,508 Danes from five different study groups.
RESULTS—In studies of 3,856 type 2 diabetic case subjects and 4,861 normal glucose-tolerant control subjects, the minor A-allele of rs9939609 associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.13 [95% CI 1.06–1.20], P = 9 × 10−5). This association was abolished when adjusting for BMI (1.06 [0.97–1.16], P = 0.2). Among 17,162 middle-aged Danes, the A-allele associated with overweight (1.19 [1.13–1.24], P = 1 × 10−12) and obesity (1.27 [1.20–1.34], P = 2 × 10−16). Furthermore, obesity-related quantitative traits such as body weight, waist circumference, fat mass, and fasting serum leptin levels were significantly elevated in A-allele carriers. An interaction between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and physical activity (P = 0.007) was found, where physically inactive homozygous risk A-allele carriers had a 1.95 ± 0.3 kg/m2 increase in BMI compared with homozygous T-allele carriers.
CONCLUSIONS—We validate that variation in FTO is associated with type 2 diabetes when not adjusted for BMI and with an overall increase in body fat mass. Furthermore, low physical activity seems to accentuate the effect of FTO rs9939609 on body fat accumulation.
Mosaic Paternal Uniparental Isodisomy and an ABCC8 Gene Mutation in a Patient With Permanent Neonatal Diabetes and Hemihypertrophy
Authors: Shield Julian P.H. , Flanagan Sarah E. , Mackay Deborah J. , Harries Lorna W. , Proks Peter , Girard Christophe , Ashcroft Frances M. , Temple I. Karen , Ellard Sian 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE— Activating mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes encoding the Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits of the pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channel are the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. In contrast to KCNJ11, where only dominant heterozygous mutations have been identified, recessively acting ABCC8 mutations have recently been found in some patients with neonatal diabetes. These genes are co-located on chromosome 11p15.1, centromeric to the imprinted Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) locus at 11p15.5. We investigated a male with hemihypertrophy, a condition classically associated with neonatal hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, who developed neonatal diabetes at age 5 weeks.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— The KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes and microsatellite markers on chromosome 11 were analyzed in DNA samples from the patient and his parents.
RESULTS— A paternally inherited activating mutation (N72S) in the ABCC8 gene was identified in the proband. The mutation was present at 70% in the patient's leukocytes and 50% in buccal cells. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated mosaic segmental paternal uniparental isodisomy (UPD) of 11pter-11p14 in the proband that encompassed the ABCC8 gene and the BWS locus.
CONCLUSIONS— We report a patient with neonatal diabetes, hemihypertrophy, and relatively high birth weight resulting from telomeric segmental paternal UPD of chromosome 11, which unmasks a recessively acting gain-of-function mutation in the ABCC8 gene and causes deregulation of imprinted genes at the BWS locus on 11p15.5.
Hemidesmus indicus Protects against ethanol-induced liver toxicity
Authors: Saravanan Nadana , Nalini Namasivayam 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common diseases in modern society. A large number of studies are in progress aiming to identify natural substances that would be effective in reducing the severity of ALD. Although there are currently a number of drugs on the market, their long-term use can have numerous side effects. Hemidesmus indicus is an indigenous Ayurvedic medicinal plant used in soft drinks in India. In this study, we examined the effects of its ethanolic root extract on experimental liver damage in order to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced in rats by ethanol at a dosage of 5 g/kg body weight for 60 days. The H. indicus root extract was given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for the last 30 days of the experiment. The animals were monitored for food intake and weight gain. The liver was analysed for the degree of lipid peroxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant status using the activities of glutathione-depedendant enzymes. The degree of liver damage was analysed using serum marker enzyme activities, the total protein, albumin, globulin, ceruloplasmin and liver glycogen contents, and the A/G ratio. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) of the liver tissues were recorded in the region of 4000–400 cm−1. The ethanol-fed rats showed significantly elevated liver marker enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels and reduced antioxidant levels as compared to the control rats. Oral administration of H. indicus for the latter 30 days resulted in an increased food intake and weight gain, decreased TBARS levels, near normal levels of glutathione-dependent enzymes, increased total protein, albumin, globulin and liver glycogen contents, an increased A/G ratio, and decreased liver marker enzyme activities and ceruloplasmin levels. The relative intensity of the liver FT-IR bands for the experimental groups were found to be altered significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control samples. For the group that had H. indicus co-administered with ethanol, the intensity of the bands was near normal. Moreover, the results of the FT-IR study correlated with our biochemical results.
The effect of calnexin deletion on the expression level of PDI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under heat stress conditions
Authors: Zhang Huili , He Jianwei , Ji Yanyan , Kato Akio , Song Youtao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe cultured calnexin-disrupted and wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains under conditions of heat stress. The growth rate of the calnexin-disrupted yeast was almost the same as that of the wild-type yeast under those conditions. However, the induced mRNA level of the molecular chaperone PDI in the ER was clearly higher in calnexin-disrupted S. cerevisiae relative to the wild type at 37°C, despite being almost the same in the two strains under normal conditions. The western blotting analysis for PDI protein expression in the ER yielded results that show a parallel in their mRNA levels in the two strains. We suggest that PDI may interact with calnexin under heat stress conditions, and that the induction of PDI in the ER can recover part of the function of calnexin in calnexin-disrupted yeast, and result in the same growth rate as in wild-type yeast.
Platelet-activating factor changes in phospholipid extracts from the plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with acute leukemia — A 31P MRS in vitro study
Authors: Kuliszkiewicz-Janus Małgorzata , Tuz Mariusz , Kiełbiński Marek , Baczyński Stanisław , Jaźwiec Bożena , Śladowska Helena 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in PAF concentrations in the plasma, PBMC and BMMC of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The plasma was from 23 healthy volunteers (HV) and 44 patients with AL (16 ALL, 28 AML). The PBMC were from 15 HV and 55 patients with AL (18 ALL, 37 AML), and the BMMC from 40 patients with AL (11 ALL, 29 AML). Methanol-chloroform phospholipid extraction from 60 × 106 cells (PBMC or BMMC) was performed according to a modified version of Folch’s method. 31P MRS data was obtained on an AMX 300 Bruker spectrometer (7.05 T). The PAF concentration in the plasma of the patients with ALL or AML was lower than that for the healthy volunteers. The PAF concentration in the plasma of the patients with ALL did not differ significantly from that of the patients with AML. In the case of both the PBMC and BMMC, the PAF concentration was significantly diminished in patients with ALL relative to the concentration for those with AML and for the healthy volunteers. No differences were observed in the PAF concentrations for the AML patients and the healthy volunteers.
Judgement of confidence in childhood memories
Authors: Arbuthnott Katherine D. , Kealy Kinda L. K. , Ylioja Shelley 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMemory judgement processes, based on the characteristics and associations of retrieved memories such as sensory details and supporting memories, are considered as important as retrieval in several autobiographical memory models. Judgement processes have received less research attention than memory characteristics themselves. The present studies examined memory judgement using qualitative analysis of the reasons participants gave for confidence in retrieved childhood memories. For memories they were confident of, participants cited memory phenomenology, especially sensory and affective details, much more frequently than consistency with other autobiographical knowledge. For memories they were not confident of, participants reported lack of consistency with autobiographical knowledge or with others' memories more often than memory phenomenology as reasons for their uncertainty. Participants' comments also revealed several metacognitive beliefs about the relationship between memory characteristics and accuracy. These data are consistent with two‐process models of memory judgement associated with true versus false memories. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Three‐Component Coupling of Organic Halides with Alkynes and Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of Oligoene Compounds
Authors: Shibata Kana , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe intermolecular three‐component coupling of aryl or vinyl halides, diarylacetylenes, and monosubstituted alkenes effectively proceeds in the presence of palladium acetate, lithium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate as catalyst, promoter, and base, respectively, in aqueous DMF or DMSO to produce the corresponding 1,3‐butadiene or 1,3,5‐hexatriene derivatives. Use of dienyl bromides allows the coupling to afford 1,3,5,7‐octatetraenes. Under the present catalytic conditions, fulvene derivatives are also formed efficiently by the 1:2 coupling of vinyl bromides and diarylacetylenes without adding the alkenes.
Solvent‐Free Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formations in Ball Mills
Authors: Rodríguez Belén , Bruckmann Angelika , Rantanen Toni , Bolm Carsten 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBall milling has been applied in numerous solvent‐free carbon‐carbon bond formations. In many cases, these transformations proved superior to the analogous reactions performed in solution. The reaction scope involves purely organic addition and coupling reactions, transformations involving metals (in stoichiometric and catalytic amounts) as well as asymmetric organocatalyses.
A polymorphism at the 3′‐untranslated region of the CLOCK gene is associated with adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kissling Christian , Retz Wolfgang , Wiemann Stefan , Coogan Andrew N. , Clement R. Marc , Hünnerkopf Regina , Conner Alex C. , Freitag Christine M. , Rösler Michael , Thome Johannes 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently found in childhood and persists in about 50% of cases into adulthood. Several studies demonstrate a relationship between ADHD, circadian rhythmicity and sleeping disturbances in unmedicated ADHD patients. Since ADHD is a very complex disease with a high genetic load involving multiple genes of moderate effect, we hypothesized a link between adult ADHD and genes involved in the circadian timekeeping system. A 3′‐UTR polymorphism of the circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) gene, rs1801260, has been linked to disturbed sleep patterns, although both the C‐allele and more controversially the T‐allele have been proposed as risk factors for different measures of evening preference. This study compared self‐rating and interview based measures of ADHD psychopathology of 143 subjects with and without ADHD with their rs1801260 genotype to test the hypothesis that ADHD is linked to one of the alleles of the CLOCK polymorphism. The T > C single nucleotide polymorphism rs1801260 was genotyped in DNA isolated from blood samples. The associations between genotype and ADHD‐scores were compared using non‐parametric ANCOVA with post hoc pairwise comparisons. There was a strong, significant association (P < 0.001) between each of the adult ADHD assessments and the rs1801260 polymorphism with at least one T‐mutation being the risk allele. This is the first study suggesting that a polymorphism of a gene within the circadian “clock” mechanism is a direct or linked contributing factor in adult ADHD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication study and meta‐analysis of the genetic association of GRM3 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia in a large Japanese case‐control population
Authors: Albalushi Talal , Horiuchi Yasue , Ishiguro Hiroki , Koga Minori , Inada Toshiya , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Ujike Hiroshi , Watanabe Yuichiro , Someya Toshiyuki , Arinami Tadao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe GRM3 gene, which encodes a metabotropic glutamate receptor, is an important candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1468412 and rs2299225 in intron 3, were reported to be associated with schizophrenia in Japanese and Chinese populations, respectively. Haplotypes with these SNPs were also reported to be associated with schizophrenia. In the present study, we attempted to replicate these single marker and haplotype associations in a case‐control study of 1,916 Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 1,915 Japanese control subjects. In addition to these two SNPs, we genotyped rs274622 in the promoter region of GRM3. In the present study, none of these polymorphisms were associated with schizophrenia (rs274622, allelic P = 0.68; rs1468412, allelic P = 0.74; rs2299225, allelic P = 0.20). Haplotypes constructed with these SNPs also were not associated with schizophrenia (P = 0.18–0.84). Meta‐analysis of five case‐control studies of more than 3,000 patients with schizophrenia and more than 3,000 control subjects did not support the associations of rs1468412 and rs2299225 with schizophrenia. Our data indicate that SNPs previously reported to be associated with schizophrenia do not contribute to genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cis‐acting factors promoting the CAG intergenerational instability in Machado–Joseph disease
Authors: Martins Sandra , Coutinho Paula , Silveira Isabel , Giunti Paola , Jardim Laura B. , Calafell Francesc , Sequeiros Jorge , Amorim António 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn repeat expansion disorders, the size of pathological alleles is the most relevant factor accounting for the disease severity and age‐at‐onset, emphasizing the clinical significance of their underlying intergenerational instability. In one of these diseases, Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), the sex of transmitting progenitor and the C987GG/G987GG polymorphism are the best studied factors acting on intergenerational instability of expanded alleles. Here, we assessed the influence of other cis and inter‐allelic acting factors, at the ATXN3 locus, through the analysis of MJD lineages, flanking STR‐based haplotypes, the initial repeat size and parental age. A total of 100 transmissions of the expanded MJD allele were analyzed according to the sex of the transmitting parent. We have shown that independent origin mutations (identified by intragenic SNP‐based haplotypes) behave differently, as the status of instability (contraction, no change or further expansion) is concerned. Indeed, 72% of expansions were associated to the worldwide spread TTACAC lineage, whereas the GTGGCA displayed 75% of all contractions observed. The analysis of flanking recombinant haplotypes did not suggest any further distant cis elements acting up‐ or downstream the ATXN3 locus. Considering the increased amplitude of expansions seen in older transmitting fathers, a repair‐based mechanism may be suggested for the meiotic instability at this locus; furthermore, the lack of correlation between the initial repeat size and degree of instability did not support a replication‐based mechanism. In summary, our findings point to different mechanisms of instability underlying male and female meioses, as well as contraction and expansion processes in MJD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.