bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma: the importance of recurrence and pTNM stage
Authors: Kim Min Jae , Ahn Kang-Min 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis. Therefore, prognostic factors are important to increase the survival rate. This study assessed the survival rate and the prognostic factors for survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Method
This study included 168 patients who underwent surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma between January 2006 and December 2021. The survival rate was analyzed with overall survival and disease-specific survival. The patient’s age, sex, pTNM stage, primary sites (lip, tongue, mouth of floor, mandibular gingiva, maxillary gingiva, mandibular vestibule, maxillary vestibule, retromolar trigone, palate, buccal mucosa, primary intra-osseous site), smoking and alcohol drinking habits, depth of invasion, perineural and lymphovascular invasion, cell differentiation, and postoperative radiotherapy were evaluated to analyze risk factors. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate the survival rates. Cox regression methods were used to investigate the main independent predictors of survival in univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results
Sixty-eight patients died of oral squamous cell carcinoma during follow-up periods. Their overall survival for 5 years was 51.2%, and the disease-specific survival was 59.2%. In univariable analysis, seven factors which are neck metastasis, depth of invasion, cell differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, postoperative radiotherapy, pTNM stage, and recurrence were significantly associated with survival. In multivariable analysis, pTNM stage and recurrence were significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion
In patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, pTNM stage and recurrence were significant prognostic factors. Neck metastasis, depth of invasion, cell differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, and postoperative radiotherapy were also prognostic factors. These factors serve as markers for obtaining prognosis information in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
A novel PET probe to selectively image heat shock protein 90α/β isoforms in the brain
Authors: Sakai Takayuki , Ogata Aya , Ikenuma Hiroshi , Yamada Takashi , Hattori Saori , Abe Junichiro , Imamura Shinichi , Ichise Masanori , Tada Mari , Kakita Akiyoshi , Koyama Hiroko , Suzuki Masaaki , Kato Takashi , Ito Kengo , Kimura Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are present throughout the brain. They function as molecular chaperones, meaning they help with the folding and unfolding of large protein complexes. These chaperones are vital in the development of neuropathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease, with HSP90, a specific subtype of HSP, playing a key role. Many studies have shown that drugs that inhibit HSP90 activity have beneficial effects in the neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, HSP90 PET imaging ligand can be used effectively to study HSP90 in neurodegenerative diseases. Among four HSP90 isoforms, two cytosolic isoforms (HSP90α and HSP90β) thought to be involved in the structural homeostasis of the proteins related to the neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, no useful PET imaging ligands selectively targeting the two cytosolic isoforms of HSP90 have been available yet.

Results
In this study, we developed a novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging ligand, [11C]BIIB021, by 11C-radiolabeling (a positron emitter with a half-life of 20.4 min) 6-Chloro-9-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-9H-purin-2-amine (BIIB021), an inhibitor with a high affinity for and selectivity to HSP90α and HSP90β. [11C]BIIB021 was synthesized with a high yield, molar activity and radiochemical purity. [11C]BIIB021 showed a high binding affinity for rat brain homogenate as well as human recombinant HSP90α and HSP90β proteins. Radioactivity was well detected in the rat brain (SUV 1.4). It showed clear specific binding in PET imaging of healthy rats and autoradiography of healthy rat and human brain sections. Radiometabolite was detected in the brain, however, total distribution volume was well quantified using dual-input graphical model. Inhibition of p-glycoprotein increased brain radioactivity concentrations. However, total distribution volume values with and without p-glycoprotein inhibition were nearly the same.

Conclusions
We have developed a new PET imaging agent, [11C]BIIB021, specifically targeting HSP90α/β. We have been successful in synthesizing [11C]BIIB021 and in vitro and in vivo imaging HSP90α/β. However, the quantification of HSP90α/β is complicated by the presence of radiometabolites in the brain and the potential to be a substrate for p-glycoprotein. Further efforts are needed to develop radioligand suitable for imaging of HSP90α/β.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with bone erosion in patients with tophi
Authors: Ji Zhuyi , Huang Yukai , Liang Ling , Lin Paifeng , Guo Xin , Huang Qidang , Huang Zhengping , Chen Shuyang , Huang Zhixiang , Wang Biao , Huang Lixin , Sun Shanmiao , Deng Weiming , Li Tianwang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
If a large amount of urate crystals is deposited in a joint cavity for an extended period of time, bone erosion will occur and gradually cause skeletal muscle necrosis and joint deformity. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with bone erosion in gout patients with tophi.

Methods
A total of 210 gout patients with tophi were enrolled and divided into a bone erosion group (n = 135) and a non-bone erosion group (n = 75). Digital radiography (DR) was performed to detect bone erosion in the elbow, wrist, knee, ankle joints, interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. The clinical characteristics were recorded and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with bone erosion.

Results
Compared with the non-bone erosion group, the bone erosion group had an older age, longer disease duration of gout and tophi, higher level of serum creatinine (sCr), higher proportion of drinking history and ulceration, and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Univariate logistic regression analysis results showed that sex, age, body mass index (BMI), gout duration, tophi duration, GFR, white blood cell (WBC) count, sCr level, smoking history, drinking history, and presence of ulceration were associated with bone destruction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated that tophi duration, drinking history, ulceration and sCr were positively and independently related to bone erosion.

Conclusions
Tophi patients with bone erosion presented different clinical characteristics. Tophi duration, drinking history, ulceration and sCr were associated with bone erosion in gout patients with tophi.
Are science competitions meeting their intentions? a case study on affective and cognitive predictors of success in the Physics Olympiad
Authors: Tschisgale Paul Leon , Steegh Anneke , Petersen Stefan , Kubsch Marcus , Wulff Peter , Neumann Knut 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContemporary science competitions particularly have two intentions: (1) identifying the students demonstrating the highest levels of domain-specific cognitive abilities and (2) recognizing and valuing the efforts of engaged and motivated students, even those without exceptional abilities. This study aimed to examine the relative influence of affective and cognitive variables on predicting success among 136 participants of the first two rounds of the German Physics Olympiad, and based on that, evaluate the extent to which the Physics Olympiad meets the outlined intentions. Our findings indicate that the competition’s initial round erects a hurdle for engaged and motivated students who lack sufficient cognitive abilities, which goes against the above mentioned second intention. Conversely, the Physics Olympiad appears to effectively align with its first intention by successfully identifying students with high developed physics-specific abilities. Building on our findings, we discuss ways for better aligning the competition with its intentions, thus contributing to the ongoing further development of science competitions.
Group prenatal care successes, challenges, and frameworks for scaling up: a case study in adopting health care innovations
Authors: Masters Claire , Carandang Rogie Royce , Lewis Jessica B. , Hagaman Ashley , Metrick Rebecca , Ickovics Jeannette R. , Cunningham Shayna D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Group prenatal care enhances quality of care, improves outcomes, and lowers costs. However, this healthcare innovation is not widely available. Using a case-study approach, our objectives were to (1) examine organizational characteristics that support implementation of Expect With Me group prenatal care and (2) identify key factors influencing adoption and sustainability.

Methods
We studied five clinical sites implementing group prenatal care, collecting qualitative data including focus group discussions with clinicians (n = 4 focus groups, 41 clinicians), key informant interviews (n = 9), and administrative data. We utilized a comparative qualitative case-study approach to characterize clinical sites and explain organizational traits that fostered implementation success. We characterized adopting and non-adopting (unable to sustain group prenatal care) sites in terms of fit for five criteria specified in the Framework for Transformational Change: (1) impetus to transform, (2) leadership commitment to quality, (3) improvement initiatives that engage staff, (4) alignment to achieve organization-wide goals, and (5) integration.

Results
Two sites were classified as adopters and three as non-adopters based on duration, frequency, and consistency of group prenatal care implementation. Adopters had better fit with the five criteria for transformational change. Adopting organizations were more successful implementing group prenatal care due to alignment between organizational goals and resources, dedicated healthcare providers coordinating group care, space for group prenatal care sessions, and strong commitment from organization leadership.

Conclusions
Adopting sites were more likely to integrate group prenatal care when stakeholders achieved alignment across staff on organizational change goals, leadership buy-in, and committed institutional support and dedicated resources to sustain it.

Trial registration
The Expect With Me intervention’s design and hypotheses were preregistered: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02169024. Date: June 19, 2014.
Investigation and optimization of factors affecting the accuracy of strain measurement via digital image processing
Authors: Miskdjian Ivan , Hodhod Hossam , Abdeen Mostafa , Elshabrawy Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDigital image processing is used to create an optical extensometer to measure deformation in materials under quasi-static loading. The optical extensometer setup created in the present work is a single camera setup which is a two-dimensional system. The main objective of this work is to create an optical extensometer system by digital image processing to measure the deformation and strain in materials under tensile and compressive loading and to calculate the properties of these materials. Furthermore, the aim is to optimize the parameters used in digital image processing by studying the effect of different parameters on the quality of the digital images and performing statistical analysis in order to attain the best configuration of the camera setup. The setup is implemented by acquiring digital images of the tested specimens simultaneously with the load recorded by the load cell, and user-friendly software is developed to analyze the acquired images and measure deformation and strain. Subsequently, the loads can be inserted, and the mechanical properties of the materials tested can be calculated.
Psychiatric trainees’ experiences of workplace violence: qualitative analysis
Authors: Fowler Lauren , Vara Alisha , Ng Lillian 
Published: March 2024

Aims and method
We aimed to explore experiences of workplace violence in a New Zealand sample of psychiatric trainees and to identify barriers to achieving safe practice and ways of enhancing workplace safety. In a qualitative study, we used interpretive description to inform and design in-depth exploration of participants’ experiences. We interviewed 12 psychiatric trainees. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
There were three main themes: (a) violence as ‘part of the job’, leading to a culture of silence; (b) empowering trainees to address a sense of learned helplessness; and (c) conflict embedded within the unique nature of psychiatry.

Clinical implications
Organisation-led systems-based procedures are instrumental in promoting workplace safety. Specific measures include peer-based support and implementing clear, tailored safety protocols, particularly for situations of crisis assessment. Training should include culturally focused education with specific guidance to mitigate violence.
Dirac oscillator in the near-horizon region of BTZ black hole
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Ahmed Faizuddin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the evolution of a Dirac oscillator (DO) field within the near-horizon region of the Banados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli (BTZ) black hole (BH) by seeking exact solutions to the corresponding DO equation. We obtain the relativistic frequency expression and analyze the impact of various parameters implicated in it. Our findings reveal that the damped mode of this fermionic oscillator field relies on the BH mass, spin of the fermionic field, and frequency of the oscillator field. Lastly, we focus on the quantum system for a zero oscillator frequency as a specific case and thoroughly analyze the obtained results.
Atomic topological quantum matter using synthetic dimensions
Authors: Fabre A. , Nascimbene S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The realization of topological states of matter in ultracold atomic gases is currently the subject of intense experimental activity. Using a synthetic dimension, encoded in an internal or external degree of freedom that differs from spatial position, can greatly simplify the simulation of gauge fields and give access to exotic topological states. We review here recent advances in the field and discuss future perspectives.
Constraint on Lorentz invariance violation from Vela pulsar
Authors: Li Hao , Zhu Jie , Ma Bo-Qiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Collaboration reported the discovery of a novel radiation component from the Vela pulsar by their Cherenkov telescopes. It is of great importance that gamma rays with energies of at least 20 TeV are recorded unexpectedly. The H.E.S.S. Collaboration argued that such results may challenge the state-of-the-art models for the high-energy emission of pulsars. We point out in this work that these results also provide a unique opportunity to constrain certain Lorentz invariance violation parameters, leading to the realization of studying Lorentz invariance violation by using gamma-ray pulsars. The Lorentz invariance violation scale is constrained at the level of

GeV for the linear scenario, and

GeV for the quadratic scenario. We anticipate that digging into the detailed features of the data of the Vela pulsar and analyzing potentially more very-high-energy photon data from pulsars in the future would improve the constraints on Lorentz invariance violation.
Hydrogen sensor based on surface plasmon polaritons in palladium layer structure
Authors: Li Y. Q. , Zou Y. F. , Jin H. B. , Lu Z. L. , Wang S. , Song G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We design a new hydrogen (H2) sensor composed of palladium (Pd) layer structure. Pd can absorb H2 and turns to Pd-H. The dielectric constant of Pd is totally different from the one of Pd-H. By calculating the propagation length of the layer structure, we find that the difference of the propagation lengths between the structure with Pd and the structure with Pd-H reaches ten times the wavelength in a certain condition. With the number of the layers increasing, another new mode appears and the dissipation of our proposed structure also linearly increases. There is a worst number of the layers that make the difference of the propagation lengths shortest. This shows the competition between the dissipation of the structure and the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons among the layers. In order to achieve the function of H2 detecting, we set the length of the structure at minimum of L

Pd
and

at a certain working wavelength. By adding the concentration of H2, light will emit

or not emit

. Our proposed technique has a large difference of propagation lengths and is quite sensitive to H2, which can be used as a hydrogen sensor.
Associations of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality in Older Adults in China
Authors: Ni Wenqing , Lv Yuebin , Yuan Xueli , Zhang Yan , Zhang Hongmin , Zheng Yijing , Shi Xiaoming , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Limited information was available on detailed associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included a representative sample of 211 290 adults aged 65 or older who participated in Shenzhen Healthy Aging Research 2018-2019. The vital status of the participants by December 31, 2021, was determined. We estimated the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals for all-cause or cause-specific mortality using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Cox models with restricted cubic spline (RCS).

Results
The median follow-up time was 3.08 years. A total of 5333 participants were confirmed to have died. Among them, 2037 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths and 1881 cancer deaths occurred. Compared to those with LDL-C of 100 to 129 mg/dL, the all-cause mortality risk was significantly higher for individuals with LDL-C levels that were very low (&lt;70 mg/dL) or low (70-99 mg/dL). Compared with individuals with the reference LDL-C level, the multivariable-adjusted HR for CVD-specific mortality was 1.338 for those with very low LDL-C levels (&lt; 70 mg/dL), 1.437 for those with high LDL-C levels (160 mg/dL ≤ LDL-C &lt; 190 mg/dL), and 1.489 for those with very high LDL-C levels (≥190 mg/dL). Low LDL-C levels (70-99 mg/dL) and very low LDL-C levels (&lt;70 mg/dL) were also associated with increased cancer mortality and other-cause mortality, respectively. The results from an RCS curve showed similar results.

Conclusion
Considering the risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality, we recommended 100 to 159 mg/dL as the optimal range of LDL-C among older adults in China.
Plasma Calprotectin and New-onset Type 2 Diabetes in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bourgonje Arno R , Bourgonje Martin F , Sokooti Sara , la Bastide-van Gemert Sacha , Nilsen Tom , Hidden Clara , Gansevoort Ron T , Mulder Douwe J , Hillebrands Jan-Luuk , Bakker Stephan J L , van Beek André P , Dullaart Robin P F , van Goor Harry , Abdulle Amaal E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
We hypothesized that circulating levels of calprotectin, a myeloid cell-derived biomarker of inflammation, is associated with the development of new-onset T2D in the general population.

Methods
A total of 4815 initially nondiabetic participants of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND), a prospective population-based cohort study, were assessed for plasma levels of calprotectin at baseline. Circulating levels of calprotectin were investigated for potential associations with the risk of new-onset T2D, defined as a fasting plasma glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L or greater, a random plasma glucose level of 11.1 mmol/L or greater, a self-reported physician-based diagnosis of T2D, the use of glucose-lowering drugs, or any combinations thereof.

Results
Median plasma calprotectin levels were 0.49 (0.35-0.69) mg/L. Plasma calprotectin levels were significantly associated with the risk of new-onset T2D (hazard ratio [HR] per doubling 1.42 [95% CI, 1.22-1.66]; P &lt; .001). The association remained independent of adjustment for age and sex (HR 1.34 [95% CI, 1.14-1.57]; P &lt; .001), but not after further adjustment for potentially confounding factors (HR 1.11 [95% CI, 0.90-1.37]; P = .326), with adjustment for hyperlipidemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein explaining the loss of significance. Stratified analyses showed significant effect modification by hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (Pinteraction ≤ .001 for each), and the use of lipid-lowering drugs (Pinteraction ≤ .05), with higher HRs in individuals without hypertension, without history of CVD, with below-median HOMA-IR, and in those not using lipid-lowering drugs.

Conclusion
Elevated plasma levels of calprotectin are associated with a higher risk of developing T2D in the general population and may represent a moveable inflammatory biomarker. This association, however, does not represent a direct effect, and seems dependent on hyperlipidemia and systemic inflammation.
The Immunohistochemical Profile of Mammary Tissue in Women With Macromastia and Its Potential Clinical Implications
Authors: Antoszewski Bogusław , Kasielska-Trojan Anna , Jones Terri E , Danilewicz Marian , Jones Mirka W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Macromastia is an excessive, rapid, or slow growth of breast tissue in 1 or both breasts. While macromastia represents a benign lesion, it may cause breast, shoulder, back, and neck pain, poor posture, infections, and loss of nipple sensation. The pathogenesis of macromastia or hypertrophy of mammary tissue remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of several hormone receptors that may potentially influence the growth of breast tissue in women with macromastia. Immunohistochemical studies performed on representative sections of breast tissue from 63 patients diagnosed with macromastia included estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor (AR), prolactin receptor, growth hormone receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The expression of each stain was evaluated separately in the glandular epithelium and adipose tissue and calculated as an H-score. We observed that AR expression in breast glandular and adipose tissue in women with macromastia was significantly lower than benign, nonhypertrophic breast tissue of a control group. Although the analyses were controlled for the age, the fact the mean age and hormonal status differed between the patients and the controls could have affected the results. Additional large studies will be required to further verify this finding and increase the knowledge about the etiology of this condition and then guide pharmacological treatment of juvenile and/or idiopathic gigantomastia.