bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Surfactants in a Highly Loaded Coal–Water Slurry. II. Effects of Coal Properties on the Behavior of a Surfactant
Authors: Ogura Tsugitoshi , Tanoura Masazumi , Hiraki Akio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The roles and behaviors of two kinds of anionic surfactants were investigated in order to clarify their influence on the properties of a highly loaded coal water slurry (CWM) prepared from six kinds of coals. It was confirmed that the adsorbed surfactants on coal particles and their presence in water were both required for preparing practical CWMs of every type of coal. The ion concentrations of alkaline earth metals and protons derived from coal increased the adsorption of surfactants; the amounts of the adsorbed surfactants varied from coal to coal. A surfactant of molecular weight around 5000 was found to be preferentially adsorbed, and thus the most effective for controlling the properties of the CWM.
The Thin Film of a Fluorine-Containing Polymer with Cyclodextrin Prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett Technique and Its Application to Photochromic Thin Films
Authors: Tamura Masanori , Sekiya Akira 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A polymer synthesized from polyallylamine by perfluoroacylation was spread on an aqueous solution of a cyclodextrin derivative possessing a carboxyl group, and a thin film of the fluorine-containing polymer to which a cyclodextrin moiety was introduced was prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Azobenzenes were incorporated in the polymer thin film as the inclusion complex by using the aqueous solution containing both the cyclodextrin derivative and azobenzenes as a subphase, and novel photochromic thin films of fluorine-containing polymers were obtained. Characterization of these films indicated that they showed excellent low surface energy due to the perfluoroalkyl group in the polymer. The influences of the incorporated cyclodextrin moiety on the molecular arrangement, the surface energy, and the film thickness are discussed.
High Temperature Corrosion of Fe Coated with a (Li0.62K0.38)2CO3 Melt
Authors: Kim Baek-un , Yoshitake Hideaki , Yokokawa Harumi , Kamiya Nobuyuki , Ota Ken-ichiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The corrosion of Fe in the presence of (Li0.62K0.38)2CO3 has been studied under an O2/CO2 atmosphere at 823—1073 K by TGA. The corrosion of Fe coated with a (Li0.62K0.38)2CO3 melt obeyed the parabolic rate law, and LiFeO2 and LiFe5O8 were formed. Under these conditions severe corrosion did not occur because of the low solubility of iron oxide in the melt. When Fe was immersed in (Li0.62K0.38)2CO3, the reaction obeyed the linear rate law and Li5FeO4, LiFeO2, and LiFe5O8 were formed. This was in accordance with the thermochemical phase study. Li5FeO4 was mostly formed during the intitial period of the corrosion reaction and caused a weight decrease of the reaction cell (specimen+melt) by the liberation of CO2. LiFe5O8 was formed in the later period of the reaction.
Reaction of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone with 1,10-Phenanthroline and the Crystal Structure of Its Reaction Product
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Oyama Munekata , Mizoguchi Jun-ichi , Kashino Setsuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline to give 1,10-phenanthrolinium 4,5-dichloro-2-cyano-3,6-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-olate. The reaction in acetonitrile solution was observed by the stopped flow technique and the UV-visible absorption spectra measurement. The crystal structure of its reaction product was determined by the X-ray diffraction study. The crystal was monoclinic, space group P21 with a = 12.323(4), b = 4.897(2), c = 13.677(3) Å, β = 96.51(3)°, V = 820.0(8) Å3, Z = 2, and final R = 0.041 for 1280 reflections larger than 3σ(I°). The planar cations and anions stack along the b axis, respectively, to form the segregated columns.
Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Physical Properties of an Oxomolybdenum(IV) Complex with p-Chlorobenzenethiolate, [MoIVO(p-ClC6H4S)4]2−, as a Model of Active Sites of Reduced Molybdo-Oxidases
Authors: Kondo Mitsuru , Ueyama Norikazu , Fukuyama Keiichi , Nakamura Akira 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A monomeric oxomolybdenum(IV) complex with p-chlorobenzenethiolate, (NEt4)2[MoIVO(p-ClC6H4S)4] (1a), was synthesized as a relevant model of active sites of reduced molybdo-oxidases by reduction of (NEt4)[MoVO(p-ClC6H4S)4] (2) with NEt4BH4. This complex was characterized by absorption, Raman, and 1H NMR spectra and cyclic voltammograms, and compared with 2. The complex (PPh4)2[MoIVO(p-ClC6H4S)4] (1b), which was prepared by the cation exchange reaction of 1a, crystallizes in the triclinic, space group with a = 21.131 (18), b = 13.690(3), c = 13.490(5) Å, α = 100.96(3)°, β = 117.62(3)°, γ = 78.77(5)°, and Z = 2. The average distances of Mo–S and Mo–O bonds of this complex are 2.415 and 1.690(9) Å respectively. The O–Mo–S–C torsion angles (θ) in 1b range from 74° to 91°. EHMO calculation on [MoIVO(SH)4]2− showed that this conformation is thermally stable.
Hydrolytic Metalloenzyme Models. Catalysis in the Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl 2-Pyridinecarboxylate by Copper and Zinc Ion Complexes of Anionic Surfactants Having a Functional Imidazole and Hydroxyl Moieties
Authors: Tagaki Waichiro , Ogino Kenji , Fujita Tsunehisa , Yoshida Toshiharu , Nishi Kazuyoshi , Inaba Yoichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Two anionic surfactant-ligands, sodium 2-[1-dodecyl-2,5-bis(dihydroxymethyl)-4-imidazolyl]methylthioethanesulfonate (1) and sodium 1-hexadecyl-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-1-imidazolyl)ethyl sulfate (2), each having a functional imidazole and a hydroxyl moiety, have been examined regarding their catalytic activities in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl 2-pyridinecarboxylate (PNPP) in the presence of Zn2+ or Cu2+ and under co-micellar conditions with surfactants. All of the ligands underwent a remarkable activation of the 2-hydroxymethyl group for transacylation from PNPP when complexed with Cu2+. Some interesting differences were observed between the two ligands, 1 and 2, such as in the modes of complexation and the effects of co-micellar surfactants.
Model Studies of Catechol Dioxygenases. Important Role of Monodentate Catecholate-Iron(III) Intermediate
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Ohya-Nishiguchi Hiroaki , Hirota Noboru , Nishinaga Akira 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The catechol dioxygenase model reactions of three model systems have been investigated by EPR, optical, and electrochemical studies. In each model system, some kinds of intermediates could be detected by EPR and optical spectroscopies. The intermediate structures and the reaction times suggest that the monodentate catecholate complexes play an important role in the catalytic cycle. Based on the EPR spectra obtained aerobically and anaerobically, iron(III)-monodentate dianionic catecholate is the O2 reactive species for Fe(nta) (nta = nitrilotriacetato) and Fe(sal-l-aa)Cl (sal-l-aa = N-salicylidene l-amino acidato) systems and iron(II)-semiquinonate for Fe(salen)Cl (salen = N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) system. Electrochemical data suggest that this electron transfer in Fe(salen)Cl system is caused by the ligand distortion. The catecholate-(sal-l-val)iron(III) complex reacted with dioxygen to yield the ring cleavage products (ca. 80%). On the basis of the observations, the novel reaction mechanism of the Fe(sal-l-aa)Cl system having mainly monodentate catecholate intermediate, is proposed. Finally, the correlation between the coordination environments of non- heme iron(III) complexes and EPR parameters is discussed.
Determination of Monovalent Inorganic Anions in Human Saliva by Ion Chromatography Using Microcolumn Coated with Micellar Zwitterionic Bile Acid Derivative.
Authors: Hu Wenzhi , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Anions such as nitrite, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate ions contained in human saliva have been determined by ion chromatography using a microcolumn coated with micellar bile acid derivative, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate, where only a phosphate buffer solution was used as the mobile phase. The detection limits obtained by the present system were 1.1 μM for nitrite and nitrate, 2.3 μM for thiocyanate, and 0.48 μM for iodide when the direct UV absorption detection of the anions was performed at 230 nm. The present system was applied to the determination of inorganic anions in human saliva, especially in relation with smoking habit, age and sex. Thiocyanate ion was detected at the significantly higher level in saliva for the smokers, compared to the non-smokers. Furthermore, the thiocyanate levels in saliva depended on the age and sex, while the concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and iodide ions were rather independent of these parameters.
Synthesis and the X-Ray Crystal Structure of [(μ-H)Os5Cu(CO)18(PPh3)]
Authors: Ang H G , Kwik W L , Ng K H 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The hexanuclear bimetallic cluster [(μ-H)Os5Cu(CO)18(PPh3)] (1), was prepared from the reaction of [(μ-H)2Os3(CO)10] with CF3COOCuPPh3. 1 was shown by X-ray analysis to consist of a pentaosmium framework with a copper atom bridging four of the osmium atoms to form a puckered “ladder-like” arrangement based on four triangular units.
Dehydroamination Reaction of 9-Amino-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and Related Compounds by Thermolysis
Authors: Yasuda Masahide , Harada Takamitsu , Ansho Yasuhiro , Shima Kensuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Dehydroamination of 9-alkylamino-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene occurred at 190—250 °C under non-basic conditions to give phenanthrene exclusively. The thermal reaction of cis-9-t-butylamino-10-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene gave both 9-methoxyphenanthrene and 9-t-butylaminophenanthrene, while 9-aminophenanthrene was obtained from the thermal reaction of 9-amino-10-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene. The thermal reaction of 9-amino-9,10-dihydroanthracene gave both anthracene and 9-aminoanthracene. Analysis of activation energies and frequency factors showed that the dehydroamination proceeds via an intramolecular proton transfer from C-10 to the amino group and subsequent C–N bond cleavage.
Ca2+-Induced Aggregation of Oligopeptides Having a Carboxyl Group in Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane
Authors: Otoda Kazuya , Kimura Shunsaku , Imanishi Yukio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Ca2+-induced aggregation of peptides having an Asp residue in phospholipid bilayer membrane was studied on the basis of excimer formation of pyrenyl group in the peptide. A part of the peptides incorporated into the membrane formed aggregates. The degree of peptide aggregation in the membrane was maximum at the lipid/peptide molar ratio of 40—80, and decreased with increasing the amount of the lipid and dissociation of the carboxyl group. Cross-linking of the peptide by Ca2+ was observed only when the peptide concentration in the membrane was high and the carboxyl group was dissociated. The membrane fluidity at the surface and in the hydrophobic core was not influenced so much by the peptide aggregation, indicating that the peptide/Ca2+ complex is not very rigid.
Syntheses of 9-Phenylsufonylimino-1,4-dioxa-8,10-diazacyclotridecanes and 9,22-Bis(phenylsulfonylimino)-1,4,14,17-tetraoxa-8,10,21,23-tetraazacyclohexacosanes: Macrocyclization via Dimethyl N-Phenylsulfonylcarbonimidodithioates
Authors: Fukada Naoaki , Takano Minoru , Nakai Kazutaka , Kuboike Satoshi , Takeda Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The reaction of dimethyl N-phenylsulfonylcarbonimidodithioates (1) with diamines gave three different types of products due to changes in the molar ratio of the starting materials. From aliphatic diamines heterocyclic 1 : 1 and acyclic 2 : 1 reaction products were obtained. In order to prepare macrocycles, the reaction of 1 with 1,10-diamino-4,7-dioxadecane (10) was carried out. 1,1′-(4,7-Dioxadecamethylene)bis(2-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylisothiourea)s (11) and 9-phenylsulfonylimino-1,4-dioxa-8,10-diazacyclotridecanes were obtained by 2 : 1- and 1 : 2-mixed reactions of 1 with 10, respectively. The 2 : 2 reaction products, 9,22-bis(phenylsulfonylimino)-1,4,14,17-tetraoxa-8,10,21,23-tetraazacyclohexacosanes, were prepared from 1 and a greater excess of diamine 10 (1 : 4) or from 11 and diamine 10.
Photoisomerization of Bilirubins and the Role of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Kanna Yoko , Arai Tatsuo , Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The quantum yields and the photostationary state isomer ratios in the photoisomerization of bilirubin are strongly governed by the properties of the reaction media. Among the reaction media examined, the quantum yields for ZZ→ZE isomerization (φZZ–ZE) and for cyclization (φLR) were the highest in buffered aqueous solution (potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) containing human serum albumin (HSA) in a 1 : 1 molar ratio to ZZ-BR, 0.11 and 2 × 10−3, respectively, on 436 nm irradiation. The effects of the reaction media surrounding bilirubin are discussed.
X-Ray Structural Investigation of the Chiral Recognition of Brucine in Salt Formation with an N-Protected Amino Acid, N-Phthaloyl-threo-β-hydroxy-d- and l-leucine
Authors: Kuwata Shigeru , Tanaka Jumpei , Onda Norihiro , Yamada Takashi , Miyazawa Toshifumi , Sugiura Makiko , In Yasuko , Doi Mitsunobu , Inoue Masatoshi , Ishida Toshimasa 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In order to determine how brucine recognizes the chirality of an N-protected amino acid in complex formation, three kinds of brucine complex crystals of N-phthaloyl-threo-β-hydroxyleucines, i.e., two (yellow and transparent) crystals for the l-isomer and one (transparent) crystal for the d-isomer, were prepared, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. In addition to the interaction mode specific for each complex crystal, the carboxyl and β-hydroxyl groups of the amino acids were commonly linked with the methoxyindole and piperidine ring moieties of brucine through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. In addition to the direct interactions between the molecules, the molecular arrangement of brucine in the crystal structure played an important role in the d/l-recognition of the amino acids. The molecular packing of the brucine molecules translated by a crystallographic 2-fold screw symmetry operation provided a shape for the cavity that was most suitable for binding with the d-isomer. In contrast, two crystallographically independent brucine molecules participated in recognizing the l-isomer, where the arrangement of these molecules in the crystal structure formed a receptor surface suitable for binding with the l-isomer. In this paper, an explanation of how brucine recognizes the d/l-isomer in the crystalline state is presented.
A New and Efficient Esterification Reaction via Mixed Anhydrides by the Promotion of a Catalytic Amount of Lewis Acid
Authors: Miyashita Mitsutomo , Shiina Isamu , Miyoshi So , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis acid, various carboxylic esters or S-phenyl carbothioates are prepared in excellent yields by the respective reactions of equimolar amounts of silyl carboxylates and alkyl silyl ethers or phenyl silyl sulfides with 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic anhydride.
Synthesis of Homoallylamines by the Addition of Allylic Indium Reagents to Azomethines and Nitriles
Authors: Jin Shun-Ji , Araki Shuki , Butsugan Yasuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Triallyldiindium trihalides and allylindate(1-)s reacted with N-benzylideneamines regioselectively at the C-3 carbon on the allyl group to give high yields of homoallylic secondary amines. Primary amines were obtained by the action of an excess of allylic indates on aromatic nitriles.
Thermal Decomposition of the Iron(III) Hydroxide and Magnetite Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol). Preparation of Magnetite and Metallic Iron Particles
Authors: Yokoi Hiroshi , Kantoh Teruyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Upon the precipitation of iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) and magnetite in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at R &lt; 3, PVA is bound to the precipitates in very high yields, where R = [PVA polymer residue]/[Fe ion]. The thermal decomposition of the Fe(OH)3–PVA composite at R = 1.0 by heating at ca. 700 °C in nitrogen for 10 min or more affords almost pure iron metal particles of ca. 200 Å in diameter; almost no residues originating from the PVA remain. Before formation of the metallic iron, magnetite particles are produced as its precursor in the 250—650 °C temperature range, where the particle size increases with increasing temperature from ca. 80 up to ca. 350 Å in diameter, although these iron and magnetite products are not uniform, but are agglomerate or sintered particles. In these processes, the initially bound PVA effectively functions as a reducing agent during its own decomposition.
Vapor-Phase Oxidation of Ethyl Lactate to Pyruvate over Various Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Sugiyama Shigeru , Shigemoto Naoya , Masaoka Naoki , Suetoh Souichi , Kawami Hideaki , Miyaura Keiko , Hayashi Hiromu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of ethyl lactate to pyruvate was carried out in vapor-phase over various oxides. MoO3 showed a higher selectivity than that of the other single oxide examined. Binary oxides containing molybdenum such as Fe2O3–MoO3 and TeO2–MoO3 showed high selectivities to pyruvate over 90% at 300 °C with high lactate conversion over 75%. The maximum activity on SnO2–MoO3 was observed at a low temperature of 250 °C.
Effect of Water on the Acidic Properties of Layered HLaNb2O7
Authors: Matsuda Tsuneo , Fujita Tetsuya , Miyamae Naosuke , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Kanda Kazuko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The irreversible water in the interlayer of HLaNb2O7 (HLa), which was removed in the temperature range of 350—400 °C, greatly affected the formation of acidic properties of the HLa. The reversible water removed at lower temperature than 350 °C did not greatly affect the acidic character of the HLa. The relations between the isoelectric points and heat-treatment temperature of the HLa were examined in connection with the acidity.
Intercalation of Various Alcohols in HLaNb2O7
Authors: Matsuda Tsuneo , Miyamae Naosuke , Takeuchi Mitsuru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The intercalation of various alcohols into the interlayer of HLaNb2O7 was investigated. Normal alcohols having carbon numbers from one to five were inserted into the interlayer in the presence of water. The intercalation of alcohols was ascribed to the hydrophilic property of n-alcohols.
Production of Thiosulfate Anion from the Reaction of Bis(dialkyldithiocarbamato)nickel(II) Complexes with Ethylenediamine
Authors: Ramalingam Kuppukkannu , Aravamudan Gopalasamy , Venkatachalam Venkattan 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Planar divalent nickel dithiocarbamates Ni(dtc)2 (dtc− = dithiocarbamato anions) show interesting reactivity patterns in their reactions with Lewis bases. These complexes form mixed ligand complexes with PR3 easily. But, simple hard nitrogen bases do not displace all the nickel dithiocarbamates. A chelating base like en displaces the dithiocarbamate anion completely from the complexes and formed pink colored solution in an aqueous medium. The chromophore was identified to be [Ni(en)3]2+ and the counter anion was dtc−. On ageing, pink crystals separated out from the solution. Chemical analysis of the crystals showed a 1 : 2 ratio of Ni to S and the absence of dtc− ion. The possibility of S2O32− being the counter anion was tested. Even though infrared spectrum could not confirm the S2O32− anion, the final confirmation came form the X-ray analysis of the authentic crystals. This is a rare occasion of metal ion catalyzed oxidation of S2− to S2O32− ions.
Preparation of Cobalt(III) and Nickel(II) Complexes Having an Alkyl Long Chain and Their Surface Tension Reducing Abilities
Authors: Yashiro Morio , Matsumoto Katsuya , Seki Nobuo , Yoshikawa Sadao 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Cobalt(III) and nickel(II) complexes having an alkyl long chain were newly prepared. The critical micelle concentration and surface tension-reducing ability largely depend on the length of the alkyl-chain, the position of its substitution on the ligand, and counter ions. Solvatochromism was observed for a nickel(II)–tetraamine complex having a dodecyl chain.
Circular Dichroism Spectra of Synthetic Steroidogenesis-Activator Polypeptide and Its Fragments
Authors: Watanabe Eiji , Nozaki Sukekatsu , Akiyama Minoru , Muramatsu Ichiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis of synthetic steroidogenesis-activator polypeptide (SAP) and its fragments in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-containing media suggests that SAP holds two folding sites in the N- and C-terminal regions. The N-terminal folding shows some vulnerability toward acidic conditions, while the C-terminal folding prefers to acidic circumstances.
A One-Pot Peptide Synthesis via

Se

-phenyl Carboselenoate in Mixed Aqueous/Organic Solvent System
Authors: Ghosh Sunil Kumar , Singh Usha , Chadha Mohindra S , Mamdapur Vasant R 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A one pot synthesis of peptides with free C-terminal residues has been accomplished via the active Se-phenyl carboselenoate using diphenyl diselenide, tributylphosphine, and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide in an acetonitrile– water mixed solvent system. Free amino acids and peptides have been used as the amine component without pH adjustment.
Photochemical Reactions of Diphosphenes Carrying 2,4,6-Tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl Group
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Abe Masatoshi , Toyota Kozo , Goto Kei , Inamoto Naoki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Photoreactions of 1,2-bis[2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diphosphene and 1-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-2-[2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diphosphene were studied. The latter diphosphene gave formally an intramolecular cyclization product by photoirradiation, whereas the former diphosphene showed no change on irradiation.
Halogenation Using N-Halogenocompounds. I. Effect of Amines on ortho-Bromination of Phenols with NBS
Authors: Fujisaki Shizuo , Eguchi Hisao , Omura Atsushi , Okamoto Atsushi , Nishida Akiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Primary and secondary amines, especially diisopropylamine and dibutylamine, catalyzed ortho-dibromination of phenol and ortho-monobromination of 2-substituted phenols with NBS in dichloromethane to give selectively 2,6-dibromophenol and 2-bromo-6-substituted phenols, respectively. The effective intermediates are inferred to be N-bromoamines. The scope and limitations of the bromination are also presented.