bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Ranunculus mild mosaic virus on Ranunculus asiaticus in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wang J. H. , Zhao S. , Yang X. M. 
Published: October 2008

In June 2007, a new viral disease occurred in commercial fields of Ranunculus asiaticus in the Yunnan Province of China. Infected plants exhibited mosaic symptoms and growth abnormalities. Viral disease incidence for this ornamental crop host in the Yunnan Province was estimated to range from 10 to 20%. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic plants identified long, flexuous linear particles (approximately 800 nm). The samples were tested using indirect antigen-coated plate (ACP)-ELISA. ACP-ELISA results showed that the leaf samples from symptomatic plants reacted positively to the potyvirus group antibody (Agdia Inc., Eklhart, IN). Total nucleic acid extracted from symptomatic plants was tested using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers (S 5′-GGNAAAAYAGYGGNCARCC-3′; M4: 5′-GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC-3′ [N = A, G, C, or T; Y = C or T; and R = A or G]) designed to amplify the 3′ terminal region of genomic RNA of the genus Potyvirus (1). RT-PCR produced a 1,650-bp amplification product that was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU684747). The sequenced portion showed 90 and 99% identity with the Ranunculus mild mosaic virus (RMMV) isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ152191 and EF445546) from Italy and Israel, respectively (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RMMV in China. Infection from this virus may cause losses for cut-flower production of Ranunculus asiaticu and it is also a potential threat for international trade of Ranunculus germplasm. References: (1) J. Chen and J. P. Chen. Chin. J. Virol. 18:371, 2002. (2) M. Turina et al. Phytopathology 96:560, 2006.
First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus Infecting Solanum jasminoides in Italy
Authors: Davino S. , Di Serio F. , Polizzi G. , Tessitori M. 
Published: October 2008

Solanum jasminoides Paxton (potato vine or jasmine nightshade) is a vegetatively propagated ornamental species within the Solanaceae family. Recently, symptomless plants of this species were reported as natural hosts of the quarantine pest, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in Italy (1). In January 2008, approximately 1,000 potted, 2-year-old plants of S. jasminoides growing in an ornamental nursery in Sicily showed virus-like mosaic and malformation of leaves. Symptoms were observed on approximately 60% of the plants. Leaf tissue, collected from 30 symptomatic and 10 symptomless plants, was analyzed by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA with polyclonal antisera specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus, and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany). The same samples were also analyzed by tissue-printing hybridization with a PSTVd-specific digoxigenin-labelled riboprobe. All the symptomatic samples tested positive only with antisera against CMV, but negative in all other tests. The symptomless samples were negative in all the performed tests. To confirm the association of CMV with the diseased plants, total RNA was extracted from the same samples (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using CMV-specific primers MP+5′-CATGGCTTTCCAAGGTACCAG-3′ and MP-5′-CTAAAGACCGTTAACCACCTGC-3′ that amplify a 844-bp fragment from the MP gene (2). The expected fragment was amplified only from samples of symptomatic tissue. CMV was also detected in mother plants grown in the same nursery and showing same mosaic symptoms. Definitive identification of the pathogen was obtained by cloning and sequencing the RT-PCR product. The obtained sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU828783) had 99 and 98% similarity with the subgroup I-A isolates CMV-LUN (GenBank Accession No. EU432183) and CMV-Fny (GenBank Accession No. DI0538), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infecting S. jasminoides and it adds a new host to the more than 1,000 species (85 plant families) infected by this virus. The high incidence of the disease in the nursery could be due to propagation of cuttings from an infected source. References: (1) F. Di Serio. J. Plant Pathol. 89:297, 2007. (2) H. X. Lin et al. J. Virol. 78:6666, 2004.
First Report of Leaf Rust of Blueberry Caused by Pucciniastrum vaccinii in Hawaii
Authors: Keith L. , Sugiyama L. , Strauss A. , Kai R. , Zee F. , Hamasaki R. , Yamasaki M. , Nakamoto S. 
Published: October 2008

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are a potential high-value, niche market crop for Hawaii. In May of 2007, rust-like symptoms were observed on multiple blueberry plants in a private nursery in Waimea, HI. In September of 2007, a similar leaf rust was observed on one bush of V. corymbosum cv. Sharpblue in the corner of a 36.6 × 9.1-m experimental plot at Mealani Research Station in Waimea. Within a month, rust was observed throughout the plot on ‘Biloxi’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Misty’, ‘Sapphire’, and ‘Sharpblue’. Preliminary field observations suggest that ‘Sharpblue’ and ‘Sapphire’ are highly susceptible to the rust and ‘Biloxi’ shows some tolerance. Leaf lesions began as approximately 1-mm2 chlorotic flecks that expanded and developed into reddish brown, necrotic spots with a chlorotic halo. New lesions and uredinia kept appearing over the course of 4 months. Defoliation occurred on plants where infection was severe. Yellowish orange pustules containing urediniospores first appeared on the abaxial side of older leaves and later appeared on new leaves. Urediniospores were elliptical to obovate (19.4 to 24.8 × 15.2 to 19.8 μm) with a thick, slightly roughened wall and a well-developed pore. Urediniospore morphology and dimensions were consistent with the description of Pucciniastrum vaccinii (G. Wint.) (1). A pathogenicity test was conducted with two 18-month-old ‘Sharpblue’ plants. Fully expanded leaves were sprayed with freshly collected urediniospores (3.8 × 105 spores per ml) suspended in a 0.05% solution of Tween 20 in water. The control plant was sprayed with sterile distilled water (SDW). Plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h and held in a growth chamber at 20 to 22°C under continuous fluorescent lighting. The plastic bags were then removed and the plants were maintained in the growth chamber. Yellowish orange pustules that were identical to the original symptoms developed on 100% of inoculated leaves after 10 days. The plant inoculated with SDW remained symptomless. While leaf rust caused by P. vaccinii has been reported on Ohelo berry (V. reticulatum) (2), it has not been reported on V. corymbosum in Hawaii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. vaccinii on blueberry plants in Hawaii. This rust disease may pose a threat to the potential blueberry industry in Hawaii. References: (1) P. R. Bristow and A. W. Stretch. Page 20 in: Compendium of Blueberry and Cranberry Diseases. F. L. Caruso and D. C. Ramsdell, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1995. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2008.
Subclassification of non‐solid‐type papillary thyroid carcinoma identification of high‐risk group in common type
Authors: Bai Yanhua , Kakudo Kennichi , Li Yaqiong , Liu Zhiyan , Ozaki Takashi , Ito Yasuhiro , Kihara Minoru , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: October 2008

Two hundred and sixty‐three cases of primary human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were analyzed. All cases met the following parameters: tumor size ≥ 10 mm, no distant metastasis at presentation, and no coexistence of other histological type. The histological features of the solid/trabecular component, encapsulation, tall/columnar cell component and loss of polarity/cohesiveness were utilized to subclassify the 263 cases of PTC into five groups: solid type (15.6%), encapsulated group (9.5%), tall/columnar cell group (7.2%), micropapillary/discohesive group (19.8%) and not‐otherwise‐specified group (47.9%). We focused on the latter four non‐solid groups and compared their prognosis with the solid type. The tall/columnar cell group showed the worst disease‐free survival rate (DFS) analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method, followed by the micropapillary/discohesive group. The not‐otherwise‐specified group and encapsulated group showed a better DFS rate than the solid type. Cancer‐related death was noted in the tall/columnar cell group (21.1%) and micropapillary/discohesive group (3.8%), but not in the other groups. The four non‐solid histological groups were further categorized into two prognostic groups: high‐risk group (including tall/columnar cell group and micropapillary/discohesive group); and low‐risk group (including encapsulated group and not‐otherwise‐specified group). Their 10‐year disease‐free survival rates were 78.7% and 93.1%, respectively. In the present study, histological grouping was significantly correlated with prognosis in the multivariate analysis according to the Cox proportional hazards regression model in addition to clinical parameters of extrathyroid invasion and gross lymph node metastasis, which predicts the patient outcome in terms of tumor recurrence and cancer‐related death more precisely. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1908–1915)
Frequent alterations of hMLH1 and RBSP3/HYA22 at chromosomal 3p22.3 region in early and late‐onset breast carcinoma: clinical and prognostic significance
Authors: Sinha Satyabrata , Singh Ratnesh K. , Alam Neyaz , Roy Anup , Roychoudhury Susanta , Panda Chinmay Kumar 
Published: October 2008

Young age can be an independent prognostic factor for adverse prognosis in women with breast carcinoma (BC). In younger women, BC exhibited more aggressive pathological features than older women, indicating differences in biology. Frequent alterations in chromosomal (chr.) 3p22.3 in different malignancies indicated the existence of multiple candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in this region, yet its association with BC remains unclear. In an effort to understand the differences in molecular pathogenesis in two age groups of BC, detailed analysis of alterations at chr.3p22.3 region was carried out in 47 early onset (group‐A: ≤40 years) and 59 late‐onset (group‐A: >40 years) BC samples. Deletion mapping of the four candidate TSG, hMLH1, APRG1, ITGA9 and RBSP3/HYA22, located within 1 Mb of chr.3p22.3 showed high deletion in hMLH1 and RBSP3/HYA22 genes. Frequent methylation was also observed in these genes and significantly associated with their deletion. Quantitative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and immunohistochemical analysis showed down‐regulation of these genes. Alterations (deletion/methylation) of hMLH1 were significantly associated with RBSP3/HYA22 in group‐A (P = 0.02). Significant poor survival in group‐A patients with alterations in hMLH1 and RBSP3/HYA22 and the same in group‐B patients with hMLH1 alterations indicated their importance as prognostic markers. Differential association of alterations of these genes with higher histological grades, more advanced stages and positive lymph node involvement were also seen. Thus, the present study suggests hMLH1 and RBSP3/HYA22 to be candidate TSG associated with development of both early and late‐onset BC undergoing frequent genetic and epigenetic alteration and having significant prognostic implications. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1984–1991)
Higher constitutive IL15Rα expression and lower IL-15 response threshold in coeliac disease patients
Authors: Bernardo D , Garrote J A , Allegretti Y , León A , Gómez E , Bermejo-Martin J F , Calvo C , Riestra S , Fernández-Salazar L , Blanco-Quirós A , Chirdo F , Arranz E 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe IL-15 triggering effect of gliadin is not exclusive to coeliac disease (CD) patients, whereas the secondary response is CD specific. We have studied the expression of the IL-15 receptor, and the IL-15 response upon stimulation, in non-CD and CD patients, and the possible existence of a lower immunological threshold in the latter. Forty-two CD patients (20 on a gluten-containing diet, GCD, and 22 on gluten-free diet, GFD) and 24 non-CD healthy individuals were studied. IL15Rα mRNA expression, and tissue characterization, were assayed in the duodenum. Biopsies from six CD patients on GFD and 10 non-CD individuals were studied in vitro using organ culture in basal conditions, as well as after IL-15 stimulation discarding basal IL-15 production. Secretion of immune mediators was measured in the culture supernatants. IL15Rα mRNA expression was increased in CD patients, as compared with non-CD controls (on GFD P = 0·0334, on GCD P = 0·0062, respectively), and confirmed also by immunofluorescence. No differences were found between CD patients on GFD and on GCD. After in vitro IL-15 stimulation, IL15Rα expression was only triggered in non-CD controls (P = 0·0313), though it remained increased in CD patients. Moreover, IL-15 induced a more intense immunological response in CD patients after triggering the production of both nitrites and IFNγ (P = 0·0313, P = 0·0313, respectively). Gliadin-induced IL15 has a lower response threshold in CD patients, leading to the production of other immune mediators and the development of the intestinal lesion, and thus magnifying its effects within the CD intestine.
Anomalous mandibular premolars: a mandibular first premolar with three roots and a mandibular second premolar with a C‐shaped canal system
Authors: Cleghorn B. M. , Christie W. H. , Dong C. C. S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim  To describe unusual variations in the root morphology and root canal systems of mandibular first and second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons.Summary  Normally mandibular first and second premolar teeth have single roots with single canals. A 15‐year‐old patient presented for orthodontic treatment and two mandibular premolar teeth were examined post‐extraction. The mandibular first premolar exhibited three distinct, separate roots and the mandibular second premolar exhibited a C‐shaped root canal system. The coronal morphology of each of the mandibular premolars revealed dimensions and anatomy within normal limits. The incidence of a three‐rooted mandibular first premolar is approximately 0.2%.Key learning points • Thorough clinical and radiographic interpretation is important in recognizing anomalous root and root canal systems.• The most common forms of root and canal systems and its aberrations must be understood to realize variations from normal do occur.• Successful root canal treatment requires an accurate diagnosis of the root canal system using all available aids.• Value of microcomputed tomography in the study of anatomy ex vivo and cone‐beam tomography in clinical endodontics of complex premolar cases is increasing.
Effect of remaining dentine structure and thermal‐mechanical aging on the fracture resistance of bovine roots with different post and core systems
Authors: Marchi G. M. , Mitsui F. H. O. , Cavalcanti A. N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim  To evaluate the influence of remaining dentine thickness around post and core systems and the thermo‐mechanical stresses on fracture resistance of bovine roots.Methodology  This study involved 288 bovine incisor roots with standardized dimensions. Roots were randomly distributed into 24 groups (n = 12) according to root conditions [intact, semi‐weakened, or weakened] and post and core systems [custom cast core, composite resin core, prefabricated metallic post, or prefabricated carbon fibre post], submitted or not to thermomechanical aging [5000 thermal cycles and 100 000 mechanical cycles at a 135‐degree angle to the long axis of the root]. Specimens were submitted to a tangential compressive load (135° angle) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min−1 until failure. Fracture resistance data were analyzed using 3‐way anova and Tukey test: α = 5%.Results  Roots restored with composite resin cores demonstrated no resistance to mechanical aging. No statistically significant difference was observed between aged and nonaged specimens involving all post‐systems. Roots restored with custom cast cores had the highest fracture strength, followed by prefabricated metallic posts and carbon fibre posts, regardless of root conditions and thermomechanical aging. The remaining dentine thickness affected significantly roots restored with custom cast cores; weakened roots had a lower fracture resistance.Conclusions  Although custom cast cores had a higher fracture resistance when compared to the other techniques, the results were highly dependent on remaining dentine thickness. Prefabricated posts performed in a similar manner in intact, semi‐weakened and weakened roots reinforced with composite resin.
Insomnia and long sleep duration are risk factors for later work disability. The Hordaland Health Study
Authors: SIVERTSEN BØRGE , ØVERLAND SIMON , PALLESEN STÅLE , BJORVATN BJØRN , NORDHUS INGER HILDE , MÆLAND JOHN GUNNAR , MYKLETUN ARNSTEIN 
Published: October 2008

SummaryBoth insomnia and sleep duration have previously been linked with a range of adverse outcomes, but no studies have explored their relative effect on subsequent work disability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of insomnia versus sleep duration to later long‐term work disability. Using a historical cohort design with 4‐year follow‐up, data on insomnia, sleep duration and potential confounders were gathered from 6599 working persons (40–45 years). The outcome was award of disability pension, as registered in the National Insurance Administration. After controlling for baseline exposure to disability and sick leave, insomnia was a strong predictor of permanent work disability [odds ratio (OR) = 4.56], and this effect remained significant after controlling for sleep duration, as well as for other possible confounders (OR = 1.88). Short sleep duration was not significantly associated with subsequent work disability, while long sleep duration (>8.5 h) did predict work disability (OR = 2.96), also in the fully adjusted model (OR = 2.14).The present study demonstrates that both insomnia and long sleep duration are strong and independent risk factors for subsequent work disability.
Managing conflict between humans and wildlife: trends in licensed operations to resolve problems with badgers Meles meles in England
Authors: DELAHAY R. J. , DAVISON J. , POOLE D. W. , MATTHEWS A. J. , WILSON C. J. , HEYDON M. J. , ROPER T. J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Successful wildlife management needs to be underpinned by frequent evaluation of the problems arising and the management techniques used to resolve them. The aims of this review were: (i) to investigate spatial and temporal patterns in the occurrence and characteristics of badger–human conflict in England; and (ii) to determine which factors influence the success of management actions. Licences are required before interfering with badgers or setts, so we carried out analyses of records of applications received by Defra and data from follow‐up monitoring of management actions.
The number of licence applications rose significantly during the recording period (1994–2004), with an increasing proportion coming from the east of England and from urban, as opposed to rural, areas. Damage problems caused by setts were the most frequent sources of conflict in both urban and rural areas. However, the majority of rural problems related to agricultural land, whereas buildings and gardens were most affected in urban areas. A higher proportion of problems involved outlier setts in urban areas compared with rural areas.
The use of one‐way gates to exclude badgers from part or all of a problem sett was the commonest management action proposed by Defra Wildlife Advisers, with total sett closure more common in urban, compared with rural, areas. Follow‐up monitoring revealed that the success of action varied in relation to the type of sett causing a problem, the type of management action undertaken and the land use (urban or rural) at the problem location, with total closure of an urban main sett being the least successful strategy. This review provides an assessment of current trends in conflict occurrence and will help in the development of management techniques.
The diverse CheC‐type phosphatases: chemotaxis and beyond
Authors: Muff Travis J. , Ordal George W. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryA new class of protein phosphatases has emerged in the study of bacterial/archaeal chemotaxis, the CheC‐type phosphatases. These proteins are distinct and unrelated to the well‐known CheY‐P phosphatase CheZ, though they have convergently evolved to dephosphorylate the same target. The family contains a common consensus sequence D/S‐X3‐E‐X2‐N‐X22‐P that defines the phosphatase active site, of which there are often two per protein. Three distinct subgroups make up the family: CheC, FliY and CheX. Further, the CheC subgroup can be divided into three classes. Bacillus subtilis CheC typifies the first class and might function as a regulator of CheD. Class II CheCs likely function as phosphatases in systems other than chemotaxis. Class III CheCs are found in the archaeal class Halobacteria and might function as class I CheCs. FliY is the main phosphatase in the B. subtilis chemotaxis system. CheX is quite divergent from the rest of the family, forms a dimer and some may function outside chemotaxis. A model for the evolution of the family is discussed.
The ribosomal stalk is required for ribosome binding, depurination of the rRNA and cytotoxicity of ricin A chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chiou Jia‐Chi , Li Xiao‐Ping , Remacha Miguel , Ballesta Juan P. G. , Tumer Nilgun E. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryRibosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) like ricin, pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and Shiga‐like toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) share the same substrate, the α‐sarcin/ricin loop, but differ in their specificities towards prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Ricin depurinates the eukaryotic ribosomes more efficiently than the prokaryotic ribosomes, while PAP can depurinate both types of ribosomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that different docking sites on the ribosome might be used by different RIPs, providing a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying their kingdom specificity. Our previous results demonstrated that PAP binds to the ribosomal protein L3 to depurinate the α‐sarcin/ricin loop and binding of PAP to L3 was critical for its cytotoxicity. Here, we used surface plasmon resonance to demonstrate that ricin toxin A chain (RTA) binds to the P1 and P2 proteins of the ribosomal stalk in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ribosomes from the P protein mutants were depurinated less than the wild‐type ribosomes when treated with RTA in vitro. Ribosome depurination was reduced when RTA was expressed in the ΔP1 and ΔP2 mutants in vivo and these mutants were more resistant to the cytotoxicity of RTA than the wild‐type cells. We further show that while RTA, Stx1 and Stx2 have similar requirements for ribosome depurination, PAP has different requirements, providing evidence that the interaction of RIPs with different ribosomal proteins is responsible for their ribosome specificity.