bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicriteria decision analysis for safety and economic achievement using PROMETHEE: A case study
Authors: Ramzan Naveed , Naveed Shahid , Feroze Nadeem , Witt Werner 
Published: May 2008

AbstractProcess safety and cost are major considerations during the design of process plant and its projected operation. It involves critical decision making for the best choice. A cost‐benefit analysis is usually carried out to facilitate this activity. However the final decision rest with the engineer. In this article, a systematic procedure based on multiobjective decision analysis PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method of Enrichment Evaluation) has been demonstrated for its usefulness through the case study of a distillation column unit. This decision analysis includes: (1) generation of alternatives for safe design, (2) analysis of alternatives based on extended HAZOP methodology for hazard identification and alternatives generation, (3) the economic module for carrying out both fixed and operating cost estimates and extended cost calculations e.g. risk cost. Aspen Plus™ was used to develop the computer model. The dynamic simulation of the process was carried out in Aspen Dynamics™ followed by the economic analysis module developed in visual basic. It has been demonstrated through the case study that significant cost savings can be achieved through prevention of incidents, injuries, loss of production, operational failures, and reduced maintenance costs. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2008
Seasonal biology and management of the maple shoot borer, Proteoteras aesculana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in production nurseries
Authors: Seagraves Bonny L , Haynes Kenneth F , Redmond Carl T , Tittle Stephanie , Potter Daniel A 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Proteoteras aesculana (Riley), a caterpillar that causes tip dieback and kills the central leader of maples, is an important nursery pest. The authors sought to develop a pheromone lure, use it to clarify the pest's seasonal biology, determine when and where infestations originate and extend the management window.RESULTS: Gas chromatography, electroantennographic detection and trapping showed that (Z)‐dodec‐8‐en‐1‐ol (Z8‐12:OH) is the major sex pheromone component. Flight began in March, peaking in early spring. Larvae developed during April and May, giving rise to moths active in late May and June. No additional larvae were found in maples following that flight. Sporadic moth captures occurred into November, suggesting that adults overwinter. Three parasitoid species, all new host records, were documented. A different tortricid, Episimus tyrius Heinrich, caused leaf‐tying damage in late summer. Maples shipped from Oregon were free of shoot borers, refuting speculation that larvae overwinter in buds. One bifenthrin spray applied from just before bud break at onset of moth flight to just after peak flight when shoots had two pairs of leaves reduced infestation by 96–100%.CONCLUSION: Maples are infested soon after planting in Kentucky nurseries via eggs laid in early spring. The temporal window for preventive control is broader than previously thought. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of agrochemical residue data on fruit using an informatic system (PARDIS model)
Authors: Calliera Maura , Balderacchi Matteo , Capri Ettore , Trevisan Marco 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA ‘step‐by‐step’ method was used to develop a simplified procedure for calculating pesticide residue levels on fruit at harvest by considering the application of the compound and the relevant routes of loss. The model is applicable to cases where the most important exposure route is by direct spray to the canopy of the crop and where uptake into the plant by the roots can be disregarded. The exposure dose is calculated by considering the proportion of total crop cover represented by the fruits. The loss processes considered are photodegradation, uptake, volatilization and washoff.The outputs of the model were compared with measured residues of pesticides on pear. Analysis of the model fit demonstrates that the model predicted the measured data with a good level of accuracy for four of seven investigated pesticides. The predicted/observed quotients are close to 1, as is the modelling efficiency, and there are no great differences between the predicted and observed values. Taking into account the extreme simplicity of the model and the complexity of the environmental processes considered, these results encourage further research into the modelling of residue behaviour in food commodities.The objectives of this work were to produce a tool to predict pesticide residues in products of plant origin, to complement monitoring of pesticide levels and to be useful in evaluating the effect of government policies on food safety. All predicted values were below the maximum levels fixed for pesticide residues in pear, as amended in Council Directives 86/362/EEC and 90/642/EEC. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
EWMA control chart limits for first‐ and second‐order autoregressive processes
Authors: Vermaat M. B. , Does R. J. M. M. , Bisgaard S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractToday's manufacturing environment has changed since the time when control chart methods were originally introduced. Sequentially observed data are much more common. Serial correlation can seriously affect the performance of the traditional control charts. In this article we derive explicit easy‐to‐use expressions of the variance of an EWMA statistic when the process observations are autoregressive of order 1 or 2. These variances can be used to modify the control limits of the corresponding EWMA control charts. The resulting control charts have the advantage that the data are plotted on the original scale making the charts easier to interpret for practitioners than charts based on residuals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive determination of bromine and iodine in aqueous and biological samples by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a chemical modifier
Authors: Kataoka Hiroko , Tanaka Sachiko , Konishi Chie , Okamoto Yasuaki , Fujiwara Terufumi , Ito Kazuaki 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA procedure for the simultaneous determination of bromine and iodine by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry was investigated. In order to prevent the decrease in the ionization efficiencies of bromine and iodine atoms caused by the introduction of water mist, electrothermal vaporization was used for sample introduction into the ICP mass spectrometer. To prevent loss of analytes during the drying process, a small amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution was placed as a chemical modifier into the tungsten boat furnace. After evaporation of the solvent, the analytes instantly vaporized and were then introduced into the ICP ion source to detect the 79Br+, 81Br+, and 127I+ ions. By using this system, detection limits of 0.77 pg and 0.086 pg were achieved for bromine and iodine, respectively. These values correspond to 8.1 pg mL−1 and 0.91 pg mL−1 of the aqueous bromide and iodide ion concentrations, respectively, for a sampling volume of 95 µL. The relative standard deviations for eight replicate measurements were 2.2% and 2.8% for 20 pg of bromine and 2 pg of iodine, respectively. Approximately 25 batches were vaporizable per hour. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of various certified reference materials and practical situations as biological and aqueous samples. There is further potential for the simultaneous determination of fluorine and chlorine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Runabout
Authors: Grothoff Christian 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a variation of the visitor pattern which allows programmers to write visitor‐like code in a concise way. The Runabout is a library extension that adds a limited form of multi‐dispatch to Java. While the Runabout is not as expressive as a general multiple dispatching facility, the Runabout can be significantly faster than existing implementations of multiple dispatch for Java, such as MultiJava. Unlike MultiJava, the Runabout does not require changes to the syntax and the compiler. This paper illustrates how to use the Runabout, details its implementation and provides benchmarks comparing its performance with other approaches. Furthermore, the effect of an automatic static program transformation tool that translates bytecode using the Runabout to equivalent bytecode is evaluated. The tool uses double dispatch and runtime‐type checks to achieve the same semantics that the Runabout has. The performance comparisons on large benchmarks that make extensive use of multiple dispatch show that using the Runabout does not result in a significant loss of performance for realistic applications and that, depending on the application and platform, small performance gains are also possible. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving access to genitourinary medicine clinics
Authors: Mohanty Kailash 
Published: May 2008

AbstractImproving access to genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics has been a key government priority to help reduce the ever‐increasing numbers of patients with sexually transmitted infections and HIV. The author explains how patient access was dramatically improved following changes to service provision at the GUM clinic at the Darlington Memorial Hospital. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Management of venous thrombosis in pregnancy
Authors: Nelson Scott M. , Greer Ian A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy is challenging, as many diagnostic tests are less accurate in pregnant than in non‐pregnant patients, and some of the radiological procedures are potentially hazardous to the fetus. In addition, anticoagulant treatment with coumarins can cause embryopathy. The authors recommend strategies for women at risk of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism during pregnancy and outline appropriate investigations and treatment. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Prostate cancer: epidemiology and risk factors
Authors: Farmer Richard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOver the past ten years, the incidence of prostate cancer has risen; however, mortality rates have changed little. In spite of extensive investigation, few risk factors have been identified, the main ones being age, family history, race and diet. The prognosis of prostate cancer is relatively good and, particularly because it is a disease of the elderly, it is likely that many more men die with prostate cancer than from the disease. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Adaptive subcarrier allocation and bit loading for voice/data transmission in multiuser OFDM systems
Authors: Zhang Hua , Bi Guoan , Zhang Liren 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new algorithm of adaptive subcarrier allocation and bit loading (A‐SABL) is proposed for simultaneous voice and data transmission in multiuser OFDM systems. The algorithm takes advantage of the frequency diversity and the voice/data transmission requirements to dynamically assign the number of subcarriers and bits/per symbol on each subcarrier for each user in a single cell. Due to the strict delay requirement of voice service, the subcarriers with low channel gains are assigned for voice transmission with a small number of bits per symbol to guarantee its required bit‐error‐rate (BER) and transmission rate. Based on the remaining subcarriers with high channel gains and the transmission power, the throughput of data transmission is then maximized by loading as many bits as possible on each subcarrier to achieve the required transmission bit rate and BER. Theoretical analysis and simulation on the proposed algorithm show that a better performance is obtained than previously reported schemes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoughts about death and perceived health status in elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Strömberg Anna , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAimTo explore thoughts about death and perceived health status in elderly patients with heart failure during a 6month period after a deterioration needing hospitalisation.MethodsA descriptive, mixed methods design was used. Health was measured with EuroQol‐5D, thoughts about death with multiple choice and open questions. A total of 145 patients with New York Heart Association class II–IV heart failure, mean age 70 years, 70% males, were included.ResultsDuring deterioration, 16% of the patients were afraid of dying and 4% had this fear very often. Fear of death did not change significantly during the 6 months after deterioration. Both during deterioration (r=0.26, P<0.01) and 6months later (r=0.40, P<0.001), fear of death and anxiety/depression were correlated. Content analysis of the open question produced 5 categories: (1) Death as a natural part of life; (2) Death as a relief from symptoms and disability (3) Death as fearful (4) Arrangements for time after death (5) A wish for an extended life.ConclusionElderly patients with heart failure had a lot of thoughts about death. Higher levels of anxiety/depression were correlated to fear of death. Many expressed death as a natural relief from suffering, others were afraid of pain, loss of independence and dignity.
Differential activation of spinal cord glial cells in murine models of neuropathic and cancer pain
Authors: Hald Andreas , Nedergaard Signe , Hansen Rikke R. , Ding Ming , Heegaard Anne‐Marie 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTActivation of spinal cord microglia and astrocytes is a common phenomenon in nerve injury pain models and is thought to exacerbate pain perception. Following a nerve injury, a transient increase in the presence of microglia takes place while the increased numbers of astrocytes stay elevated for an extended period of time. It has been proposed that activated microglia are crucial for the development of neuropathic pain and that they lead to activation of astrocytes which then play a role in maintaining the long term pathological pain sensation. In the present report, we examined the time course of spinal cord glial activation in three different murine pain models to investigate if microglial activation is a general prerequisite for astrocyte activation in pain models. We found that two different types of cancer induced pain resulted in severe spinal astrogliosis without activation of microglia. In contrast, sciatic nerve injury led to a transient activation of microglia and sustained astrogliosis. These results show that development of hypersensitivity and astrocyte activation in pain models can take place independent of microglial activation.
Long‐term depression of spinal nociception and pain in man: Influence of varying stimulation parameters
Authors: Jung Kerstin , Rottmann Silke , Ellrich Jens 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTElectrical low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) of spinal afferents induces long‐term depression (LTD) of nociceptive processing in rodents. LTD and its parameters in man are largely unknown. This study addresses the hypothesis that LTD of spinal nociception and pain in man depends on LFS frequency (0.5, 1, 2Hz), number of electrical pulses (300, 600, 1200), intensity (relating to pain thresholdIP: 1×IP, 2×IP, 4×IP), and on LFS repetition. One hundred and twenty electrophysiological and psychophysical experiments were performed in 29 healthy volunteers. Painful electrical test stimulation (0.125Hz) and conditioning LFS were applied to right hand dorsum by a concentric electrode. Somatosensory evoked cortical potentials (SEP) were recorded and volunteers rated stimulus intensity. LFS with 0.5, 1, and 2Hz induced significant reduction of SEP and pain ratings as compared to Control group. Effect on SEP amplitude after 1Hz LFS preponderated that of 2Hz stimulation. LTD of SEP and pain perception was induced by noxious LFS with 300–1200 pulses. SEP suppression augmented with increasing number of pulses. LFS with intensities 2×IPand 4×IPevoked sustained depression of SEP and pain perception in comparison to Control and 1×IPLFS. Established LTD after single LFS was amplified by an additional second LFS. Hence this study provides electrophysiological and psychophysical evidence for LTD of spinal nociceptive processing and pain perception in man and indicates appropriate LFS parameters 1Hz, 1200 pulses and 4×IPfor future studies on human LTD.
The other War on Terror revealed: global governmentality and the Financial Action Task Force’s campaign against terrorist financing
Authors: HENG YEE-KUANG , McDONAGH KEN 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDespite initial fanfare surrounding its launch in the White House Rose Garden, the War on Terrorist Finances (WOTF) has thus far languished as a sideshow, in the shadows of military campaigns against terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq. This neglect is unfortunate, for the WOTF reflects the other multilateral cooperative dimension of the US-led ‘war on terror’, quite contrary to conventional sweeping accusations of American unilateralism. Yet the existing academic literature has been confined mostly to niche specialist journals dedicated to technical, legalistic and financial regulatory aspects of the WOTF. Using the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) as a case study, this article seeks to steer discussions on the WOTF onto a broader theoretical IR perspective. Building upon emerging academic works that extend Foucauldian ideas of governmentality to the global level, we examine the interwoven overlapping national, regional and global regulatory practices emerging against terrorist financing, and the implications for notions of government, regulation and sovereignty.
Popular music policy making and the Instrumental Policy Behaviour Process
Authors: Breen Marcus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPopular music policy making incorporates the art and rationality of ‘governmentality’. In doing so it seeks to move beyond benign policy making efforts and some of the prevailing approaches to cultural policy studies – primarily arts policy – to apply interventionary strategies into the space dominated by global recording companies. Major recording companies and the business-as-usual approach of Return on Investment dominates local and national popular music through the macro-level perspective of global trade regimes, thereby avoiding the micro-level activities needed by citizens locally. Critical approaches to the potential loss of localised music production in the face of globalisation are drawn from the heterodox, interdisciplinary schools of institutional economics which, in this case, uses instrumentalism to create a model that insists on research-based popular music making policies that respond to citizen needs. Using examples from the Australian experience, the Instrumental Policy Behaviour Process (IPBP) is proposed as a model for generating localised, resource-allocating approaches to popular music policy making.
Policy and performance in the Caribbean
Authors: Harewood Susan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article examines the intersections of music policy and citizenship in the Caribbean island of Barbados. The article focuses on the development of music policy from the late 1970s to the early 2000s. It is argued that it is possible to trace efforts made by Barbadian state managers to shape citizenship. However, these efforts at defining an ideal Barbadian citizen should not be understood exclusively in national terms. In fact, the article demonstrates that the ways in which national identities in Barbados are constituted through calypso and soca performances have their roots in global shifts in development policies. Therefore the article integrates a three-tiered focus. It considers national policy decisions, international policy decisions, and finally it examines the ways in which decisions taken at these levels shape and are shaped by what takes place within the calypso/soca music industry and within calypso/soca performance.
Pourcommencer, il faut arrêter de décoder: plaidoyer pour une linguistique sans métaphysique
Authors: FRATH PIERRE 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTDans cet article, l'auteur aborde des questions de fond sur la notion de codage et de décodage, si naturelle en linguistique. Il entend montrer qu'elle ne permet pas d'atteindre la langue car elle est fondamentalement métaphysique, le plus souvent à l'insu de ceux qui l'utilisent. Il illustre son propos par une étude du verbecommenceren contexte, dans un corpus électronique. L'explication en langue doit se faire à partir de l'observation des faits et sa généralisation en termes de ressemblances et de différences, et non grâce à la formulation de codes à l'existence chimérique.
More on (distinctive!) vowel length in historical French
Authors: GESS RANDALL 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTWhile rejecting a claim for the disappearance of distinctive vowel length in historical French as ‘counterfactual’ (Picard, 2004: 3), Picard's own arguments in support of the existence of vowel length do not rise to the level of fact. Picard fails to differentiate between derived versus underlying (hence distinctive) features. Further, his assumptions regarding vowel length from the Middle French period on are ill founded. Regarding the truly minor vocalic contrasts that do exist in Canadian French mid and low vowels, Picard makes several unmotivated assumptions and unsupported assertions that preclude consideration of other, plausible scenarios for their existence. Minor vocalic contrasts such as these, with little to no functional load, can be modeled in phonological grammars without an unnecessary proliferation of phonological categories.
Le SN démonstratif cette fois (-ci/-là)
Authors: THEISSEN ANNE 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTL'objectif de ce travail est de mettre en relief les particularités du syntagme démonstratif cette fois (-ci/-là) vis-à-vis des SN démonstratifs standard. Nous montrerons, dans nos deux premières parties, que le statut nominal spécial du N fois engage pour cette fois (-ci/-là), non seulement un fonctionnement syntaxique particulier, mais aussi deux contraintes référentielles: l'une exigeant que l'on récupère le type d'occurrence verbale pertinent, l'autre nécessitant une pluralité d'occurrences. Dans une troisième et dernière partie, nous aborderons les conséquences informationnelles qui découlent de son statut de symbole indexical.
Les constructions préverbales du français et du néerlandais: typologie et grammaticalisation
Authors: VAN GOETHEM KRISTEL 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTDans notre étude, nous présenterons en premier lieu une typologie des verbes français et néerlandais introduits par un préverbe de forme prépositionnelle. Cette typologie comporte quatre grandes classes de constructions préverbales: les constructions relationnelles où le préverbe est toujours proche de son pendant prépositionnel ou postpositionnel (p.ex. survoler une île), les constructions adverbiales prédicatives où le préverbe (néerlandais) est issu d'un adverbe prédicatif (p.ex. zijn geld opdoen/son argent sur-faire/ ‘dépenser son argent’), les constructions préfixales où le préverbe se comporte comme un vrai préfixe (p.ex. surestimer les capacités de quelqu'un) et les constructions lexicalisées. Dans un deuxième temps, nous montrerons que les constructions préverbales distinguées peuvent être situées sur une échelle de grammaticalisation.
Contemplation of head and neck intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Rose T.A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIntensity-modulated radiootherapy (IMRT) is being rapidly embraced as a radiotherapy technique in many cancer centres across the world. This paper aims to highlight the reported problems associated with the use of IMRT for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Specific areas of concern that are mentioned are the identification of tumour volumes, reproducibility of treatment, issues of tumour resistance and tumour recurrence. Radiotherapy departments are advised to make haste slowly when considering the implementation of this technique.