bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Temperature Acid Stimulation Offshore the Netherlands
Authors: van Domelen M. S. , Reddingius A. A. , Faber M. J. , Buijse M. A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed case study of a successful foamed HF treatment performed on a well in Block L2 of the Dutch Sector of the North Sea. The following technical difficulties had to be overcome during the design phase: Because CaBr2/CaCL2completion brine, K2CO3 packer fluid, seawater, and potassium-magnesium (KMg) mud had leaked into the formation, the most appropriate HF blend had to be selected. Severe incompatibilities exist between these fluids and HF.A corrosion inhibitor had to be identified that could provide adequate corrosion protection on 13Cr tubulars at a high bottomhole temperature (BHT) of 158°C.Sufficient acid volumes had to be effectively placed across a large interval of 45 m. The cost of disposing returned fluid was also an important consideration, since the treatment was performed on a zero-discharge platform.
Operational difficulties included ensuring that appropriate handling procedures were established for the chemicals used and minimizing the risks of discharging pollutants into the marine environment and exposing personnel to chemicals. In addition, the stimulation treatment was planned as a concurrent operation (other wells on the platform were not shut-in during stimulation) to improve the overall cost-effectiveness of the project. This operation required detailed safety and operational procedures to be established before the treatment was approved.
This paper will discuss the numerous core flow tests and corrosion tests conducted during the planning phase along with treatment design philosophies. The paper also evaluates the performance of the treatment and presents postjob evaluations. These evaluations will include detailed returned-fluid analyses (which focus heavily on the corrosion inhibition aspects of the treatment) and Kinley microscopic caliper examinations of the tubulars after acidizing. The difficulties in optimizing a high-temperature corrosion inhibitor package will be discussed.
Patient Welfare under the Legal Standard of Care
Authors: Olbrich Anja 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Presuming that the standard of care reflected in the physician reimbursement scheme harms patients, German and US courts enforce their traditional legal standard of care in malpractice lawsuits. This paper summarizes the literature, evaluates the legal standard in microeconomic terms and determines the insurers' and courts' impact on patient welfare. The legal standard proves to be inefficiently high. By contrast, patient welfare is maximized when insurers apply a two-part reimbursement scheme that induces physicians not to comply with the legal standard. If this is infeasible, another reimbursement scheme is suggested.
An Evolutionary Race to the Top: Trade, Oligopoly and Convex Pollution Damage
Authors: McGinty Matthew 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
A two nation, two sector oligopoly trade model is presented in which one sector creates a negative production externality. Firms switch sectors in response to profit differentials until these are exhausted in the long run evolutionary equilibrium (EE). Under autarky, the optimal EE pollution tax is greater than standard partial equilibrium analysis since the output distortion associated with the tax is mitigated by firms migrating to the non-taxed sector. In a free trade area the pollution haven hypothesis is obtained when nations choose exogenous tax rates that differ. However, with endogenous taxation a prisoners' dilemma is obtained. The Nash equilibrium of the tax game exceeds the social planner's tax, generating a race to the top.
A five-year disease-free survival after combined hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation of large hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to vena cava
Authors: Julianov Alexander , Rachkov Ivan , Karashmalakov Anatoli 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Destroying the hepatic tumor located close to the large vessels is a major limiting factor of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) that is difficult to overcome. A long-term disease-free survival after combined hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation of a large hepatic tumor adjacent to vena cava has not been previously published. We report a patient with a 23-cm large hepatocellular carcinoma occupying the left lateral segments and a 6-cm contralateral intrahepatic metastasis in Couinaud segments VII–VIII adjacent to the retrohepatic IVC, treated with a combination of resection of the larger tumor and intraoperative radiofrequency ablation of the paracaval tumor under intermittent total vascular exclusion of the right hemiliver. After five years of follow up the patient is disease free. This case demonstrates the importance of vascular control for eliminating the heat sink effect of caval blood flow during RFA of liver tumors adjacent to inferior vena cava.
EHDS are serine phosphoproteins: EHD1 phosphorylation is enhanced by serum stimulation
Authors: Fichtman Boris , Ravid Liat , Rapaport Debora , Horowitz Mia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEndocytic processes are mediated by multiple protein-protein interacting modules and regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The Eps15 homology domain containing protein 1 (EHD1) has been implicated in regulating recycling of proteins, internalized both in clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytic pathways, from the recycling compartment to the plasma membrane. EHD1 was found in a complex with clathrin, adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and was shown to interact with Rabenosyn-5, SNAP29, EHBP1 (EH domain binding protein 1) and syndapin I and II. In this study, we show that EHD1, like the other human EHDs, undergoes serine-phosphorylation. Our results also indicate that EHD1 is a serum-inducible serine-phosphoprotein and that PKC (protein kinase C) is one of its kinases. In addition, we show that inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis decrease EHD1 phosphorylation, while inhibitors of caveolinmediated endocytosis do not affect EHD1 phosphorylation. The results of experiments in which inhibitors of endocytosis were employed strongly suggest that EHD1 phosphorylation occurs between early endosomes and the endocytic recycling compartment.
Anti-Stokes luminescence in heavily doped semiconductors as a mechanism of laser cooling
Authors: Eliseev P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe anti-Stokes luminescence is a mechanism of the optical refrigeration in semiconductor light sources. The heavily doped semiconductors are considered as a material for the laser cooling. The limitation of this mechanism appears to be connected with a transition from the non-degenerate to degenerate occupation. This transition occurs at higher pumping rate (along with the transition to the optical gain and lasing) and at lower temperature. Thus, the limit for the laser cooling can be indicated. The minimal obtainable temperature is about 60–120 K depending on the doping level. The laser cooling of a semiconductor is impeded by the difficulty of extracting the spontaneous emission from a radiating body that is characterized by large angle of the total internal reflection.
A comparison of 3 radiographic scales for the prediction of delayed ischemia and prognosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Kramer Andreas H. , Hehir Michael , Nathan Bart , Gress Darryl , Dumont Aaron S. , Kassell Neal F. , Bleck Thomas P. 
Published: July 2008

Object
Delayed cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and death following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and requires timely intervention for a successful outcome to be achieved. In this study the investigators compared the commonly used Fisher scale with 2 newer radiographic scales for the prediction of vasospasm, delayed infarction, and poor outcome.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study involving 271 consecutive patients with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Without knowledge of subsequent events, admission CT scans were each assigned scores by using 3 different grading schemes: the Fisher, modified Fisher, and Claassen scales. For each of the scales, the relationship between an increasing score and the risk of later complications was assessed in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
With the Fisher scale, the risk of complications was relatively high when the score was 3, but not for other scores. In contrast, using the other scales, there was a more linear relationship between a rising score and the frequency of complications. This was particularly true for the modified Fisher scale, in which each stepwise increase was associated with an escalating risk of vasospasm, delayed infarction, and poor prognosis. Kappa scores measuring interobserver variability among 4 CT readers were also slightly better with the newer scales.

Conclusions
Although the modified Fisher and Claassen scales have yet to be prospectively validated, the authors' findings suggest that the clinical performance of these systems is superior to that of the Fisher scale.
Bevacizumab and irinotecan therapy in glioblastoma multiforme: a series of 13 cases
Authors: Ali Sheikh A. , McHayleh Wassim M. , Ahmad Asif , Sehgal Rajesh , Braffet Molly , Rahman Mohsin , Bejjani Ghassan , Friedland David M. 
Published: July 2008

ObjectEndothelial proliferation has been recognized as a marker of high-grade or aggressive glioma. Bevacizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor that has been shown to have activity in malignant gliomas when combined with irinotecan. The authors report on a case series of 13 patients with recurrent heavily pretreated malignant glioma that was treated with the combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan.MethodsStandard therapy with primary resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation had failed in all patients. The median number of therapies applied, including initial surgery, was 5 (range 3–7 therapies). Nine patients were started on bevacizumab at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Four patients received bevacizumab at a dose of 10 mg/kg; irinotecan was given at a dose of 125 mg/kg every week for 3 weeks.ResultsOf the 13 treated patients, 10 (77%) had a radiologically demonstrated partial response and 3 (23%) had stable disease. Six patients (46%) had a clinical response. The median time to disease progression while on treatment was 24 weeks. The median overall survival was 27 weeks. The disease progressed in 8 patients, despite an initial response. Five patients are still responding to therapy. Six of the 8 patients whose disease progressed have died. Bevacizumab was discontinued in 2 patients because of nonfatal intracranial bleeding.ConclusionsThe combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan is safe and has excellent activity even in this relapsed, heavily pretreated population of patients with high-grade malignant glioma, most of whom would not be candidates for clinical trials.
Adaptive actuator/component fault compensation for nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Qin S. Joe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn active fault compensation control law is developed for a class of nonlinear systems to guarantee closed‐loop stability in the presence of faults, based on a neural network representation of the fault dynamics. Changes in the systems due to faults are modeled as unknown nonlinear functions. The closed‐loop stability of the robust fault compensation scheme is established in the Lyapunov's sense. The nonlinear fault function is represented by a neural network, then an adaptive corrective control law is formulated to ensure system stability. The main contributions presented are the design of the fault compensation and corrective control law of nonlinear systems with unmatched uncertainties and the stability analysis of the closed‐loop systems in the presence of fault modeling errors. Applications of the proposed design indicate that the fault compensation control law is effective for a nonlinear fermentation process. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Optimal design of batch‐storage network under joint uncertainties
Authors: Yi Gyeongbeom 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study sought to find analytic solutions to the problem of determining the optimal capacity of a batch‐storage network to meet demand for finished products in a system undergoing joint random variations of operating time and batch quantity. The raw material purchasing flow and final product demand flow are susceptible to joint random variations in the order cycle time and batch size. The production processes also have joint random variations in production cycle time and product quantity. Waste regeneration or disposal processes are included into the network to treat the spoiled materials from failed batches. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the expected total cost, which is composed of setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of constructing processes and storage units. A production and inventory method, the PSW (periodic square wave) model, provides a unique graphical method to find the upper/lower bounds and average of random flows, which are used to construct terms of the objective function and constraints of the optimization model. The advantage of this model is that it provides a set of simple analytic solutions while also maintaining a realistic description of the random material flows between processes and storage units; as a consequence of these analytic solutions, the computation burden is significantly reduced. The proposed method has the potential to rapidly provide very useful data on base investment decisions during the early plant design stage. It should be particularly useful when these decisions must be made in a highly uncertain business environment. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Genetic Polymorphisms of IL‐1A, IL‐1B, IL‐1RN, NFKB1, FAS, and FASL, and Risk of Silicosis in a Chinese Occupational Population
Authors: Wu Fen , Xia Zhaolin , Qu Yabin , Tang Yunxia , Cao Duozhi , Sun Pin , Christiani David C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether polymorphisms in IL‐1, NF‐KB, FAS, and FASL genes are associated with risk of silicosis.MethodsA case–control study was conducted with 183 silicosis patients and 111 silica‐exposed miners who were frequency‐matched by age, dust exposure duration, work location, and type of work. Genotype analysis was performed on genomic DNA, using a PCR‐RFLP assay.ResultsIndividuals carrying the NFKB1 ins/del genotype had a decreased risk of silicosis (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.32–0.998, P = 0.049) compared with subjects carrying the ins/ins genotype and individuals with the FAS‐1377AA homozygote had a decreased risk of silicosis compared with those with the −1377GG genotype (adjusted OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19–0.93, P = 0.03). The analysis of haplotypes of polymorphisms in FAS showed that there was a 2.71‐fold (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.22–6.03, P = 0.011) increased risk of silicosis for subjects with alleles of FAS‐1377G and FAS‐670G, compared with those carrying alleles of FAS‐1377G and FAS‐670A.ConclusionAlthough the polymorphisms at NFKB1, FAS‐1377, and extended haplotype FAS‐1377G/‐670G may play a role in the development of silicosis in the Chinese population, our findings should be verified by larger studies with >1 case/control ratio. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:843‐851, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bigger groups have fewer parasites and similar cortisol levels: a multi‐group analysis in red colobus monkeys
Authors: Snaith Tamaini V. , Chapman Colin A. , Rothman Jessica M. , Wasserman Michael D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIf stress and disease impose fitness costs, and if those costs vary as a function of group size, then stress and disease should exert selection pressures on group size. We assessed the relationships between group size, stress, and parasite infections across nine groups of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We used fecal cortisol as a measure of physiological stress and examined fecal samples to assess the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal helminth infections. We also examined the effect of behaviors that could potentially reduce parasite transmission (e.g., increasing group spread and reducing social interactions). We found that cortisol was not significantly related to group size, but parasite prevalence was negatively related to group size and group spread. The observed increase in group spread could have reduced the rate of parasite transmission in larger groups; however, it is not clear whether this was a density‐dependent behavioral counter‐strategy to infection or a response to food competition that also reduced parasite transmission. The results do not support the suggestion that gastrointestinal parasitism or stress directly imposed group‐size‐related fitness costs, and we cannot conclude that they are among the mechanisms limiting group size in red colobus monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1072–1080, 2008. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Die asymmetrische Aminokatalyse – Goldrausch in der organischen Chemie
Authors: Melchiorre Paolo , Marigo Mauro , Carlone Armando , Bartoli Giuseppe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie Katalyse mit chiralen sekundären Aminen (asymmetrische Aminokatalyse) ist ein leistungsfähiges Verfahren zur chemo‐ und enantioselektiven Funktionalisierung von Carbonylverbindungen. Allein in den letzten acht Jahren wuchs dieses Feld zu einem eigenständigen Teilgebiet der Synthesechemie heran, dessen Ziel es sein muss, jede beliebige chirale Verbindung effizient, rasch und stereoselektiv herzustellen. Möglich wurde dieser Fortschritt durch hochqualifizierte Forschung und einen eindrucksvollen wissenschaftlichen Wettbewerb. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt den “Goldrausch der asymmetrischen Aminokatalyse” und weist auf die Meilensteine dieser Entwicklung hin. Wie auf allen Wissenschaftsgebieten gilt letztlich: Der Fortschritt hängt vom Menschen ab.
Removal of o‐xylene from off‐gas by a combination of bioreactor and adsorption
Authors: Li L. , Wang S. B. , Feng Q. C. , Liu J. X. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBiofiltration is an effective technology for the treatment of gaseous waste. However, a biofiltration system needs a bioreactor of large volume and it is slow to adapt to fluctuating concentrations in waste gas. To overcome these disadvantages, a bench‐scale system integrating a biofilter and an adsorption unit for the treatment of gases containing o‐xylene was investigated in this study. The adsorption unit was packed with granule active carbon (GAC). The results showed that 90% of o‐xylene could be removed in the biofilter at an inlet concentration below 900 mg/m3. The maximum elimination capacity was 80 g/m3h when the o‐xylene loading rate was less than 100 g/m3h. High o‐xylene concentration in inlet gas resulted in an overload of the biofilter. Using the adsorption unit, the outlet concentration of o‐xylene could be reduced significantly. The surface properties of GAC and the factors affecting the adsorption performance were investigated, and GAC regeneration method was also evaluated. The combination of adsorption and microbial processes not only led to a high and stable efficiency of o‐xylene removal, but also improved the capacity of resisting the shock loads. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning to be a doctor while learning anatomy!
Authors: Netterstrøm Ingeborg , Kayser Lars 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article presents results from a longitudinal study following a cohort of medical students. Semistructured interviews are conducted every year, in which the students tell about their experiences learning medicine, their daily life, and their social activities in relation to university. The aim of the study is to analyze how medical students develop their professional competencies, values, and attitudes. This article focuses on the medical student's professional development in relation to the process of studying and learning anatomy. We analyze interviews conducted while the students are in their third and fifth semester. Anatomy plays a significant role in the medical student's educational process, on both a cognitive and emotional level. It seems that students in learning the subject matter adapt to fundamental values in the medical profession and are thus transformed into real medical students, sharing a unique experience. The implications for curricular development and professionalism are discussed, and this article argues that the issue of professionalism must be addressed in the educational process in the preclinical years and in relation to the basic sciences. Anat Sci Ed 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Body painting as a tool in clinical anatomy teaching
Authors: McMenamin Paul G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe teaching of human anatomy has had to respond to significant changes in medical curricula, and it behooves anatomists to devise alternative strategies to effectively facilitate learning of the discipline by medical students in an integrated, applied, relevant, and contextual framework. In many medical schools, the lack of cadaver dissection as the primary method of learning is driving changes to more varied and novel learning and teaching methodologies. The present article describes the introduction and evaluation of a range of body painting exercises in a medical curriculum. Body painting was introduced into integrated clinical skills teaching sessions which included clinically important aspects of respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, and topics in regional anatomy including head and neck. Nontoxic body paints, easels, a mixture of brush sizes, and anatomical images were supplied. Students were allowed between 20 and 40 min to complete body painting tasks, in which they were encouraged to alternate between painting and acting as a model. Students were encouraged to use life‐like rendering and coloration where appropriate. Evaluation of these sessions was performed at the end of the semester as part of a larger evaluation process. The kinesthetic nature and active participation together with the powerful visual images of underlying anatomy appear to contribute to the value of body painting as a teaching exercise. In addition, it may have the added bonus of helping break down apprehension regarding peer–peer examination. Some practical advice on introducing this method of teaching in medical curricula based on the outcomes of the evaluation is given. On the basis of our experience and student feedback, we strongly advocate the use of body painting as an adjunct to surface anatomy and clinical skills teaching classes. Anat Sci Ed 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.