bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A skinning approach for dynamic 3D mesh compression
Authors: Mamou Khaled , Zaharia Titus , Prêteux Françoise 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel approach for 3D mesh compression, based on a skinning animation technique. The core of the proposed method is a piecewise affine predictor coupled with a skinning model and a DCT representation of the residuals errors. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed skinning‐based encoder outperforms (with bitrates gains from 47% to 67%) GV, RT, MPEG‐4/AFX‐IC, D3DMC, PCA and Dynapack techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimal dynamic modeling for dance verbs
Authors: Hsieh Chi‐Min , Luciani Annie 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAs quoting in the philosophy of free dance: ‘understanding the directions for a free dance performer stems mainly from the qualities and energy of the movement rather from spatial criteria,’ we advocate generating computing dance movement by dynamic and energy. In this paper, we present a set of dynamic models according to dance verbs: ‘to sway,’ ‘to squat down,’ ‘to develop,’ ‘to walk,’ ‘to turn,’ and ‘half turn step over step.’ For each of them, we designed the simplest physically based particle model. Among them, user has a high‐level motion control to modify the quality of such dynamically generated movement, for example, light, strong, sudden, sustained, etc. These dynamic models are hence well suited to produce spontaneous motion that looks natural and plausible. Furthermore, by designing dance movement only with the necessary minimal models, it is possible to produce complex dance movement that exhibits energetic consistency as underlain by the philosophy of free dance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facial actions as visual cues for personality
Authors: Arya Ali , Jefferies Lisa N. , Enns James T. , DiPaola Steve 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWhat visual cues do human viewers use to assign personality characteristics to animated characters? While most facial animation systems associate facial actions to limited emotional states or speech content, the present paper explores the above question by relating the perception of personality to a wide variety of facial actions (e.g., head tilting/turning, and eyebrow raising) and emotional expressions (e.g., smiles and frowns). Animated characters exhibiting these actions and expressions were presented to human viewers in brief videos. Human viewers rated the personalities of these characters using a well‐standardized adjective rating system borrowed from the psychological literature. These personality descriptors are organized in a multidimensional space that is based on the orthogonal dimensions of desire for affiliation and displays of social dominance. The main result of the personality rating data was that human viewers associated individual facial actions and emotional expressions with specific personality characteristics very reliably. In particular, dynamic facial actions such as head tilting and gaze aversion tended to spread ratings along the dominance dimension, whereas facial expressions of contempt and smiling tended to spread ratings along the affiliation dimension. Furthermore, increasing the frequency and intensity of the head actions increased the perceived social dominance of the characters. We interpret these results as pointing to a reliable link between animated facial actions/expressions and the personality attributions they evoke in human viewers. The paper shows how these findings are used in our facial animation system to create perceptually valid personality profiles based on dominance and affiliation as two parameters that control the facial actions of autonomous animated characters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structures of Se Analogues of the Antithyroid Drug 6‐n‐Propyl‐2‐thiouracil and Its Alkyl Derivatives: Formation of Dimeric Se–Se Compounds and Deselenation Reactions of Charge‐Transfer Adducts of Diiodine
Authors: Antoniadis Constantinos D. , Hadjikakou Sotiris K. , Hadjiliadis Nick , Papakyriakou Athanasios , Baril Martin , Butler Ian S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFour selenium analogues of the antithyroid drug 6‐n‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil (PTU), of formulae RSeU, (R = methyl (Me) (1), ethyl (Et) (2), n‐propyl (nPr) (3), and isopropyl (iPr) 4), have been synthesized. Reaction of 1–4 with diiodine in a 1:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane results in the formation of [(RSeU)I2] (R = methyl (5), ethyl (6), n‐propyl (7) and isopropyl (8)). All compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐Raman, FT‐IR, UV/Vis, 1H–, 13C–, 77Se–1D and ‐2D NMR spectroscopy, and ESI‐MS spectrometric techniques. Recrystallization of 4 from dichloromethane afforded (4⋅CH2Cl2). Crystals of [(nPrSeU)I2] (7), a charge‐transfer complex, were obtained from chloroform solutions, while crystallization of 6 and 7 from acetone afforded the diselenides [N‐(6‐Et‐4‐pyrimidone)(6‐EtSeU)2] (9⋅2 H2O) and [N‐(6‐nPr‐4‐pyrimidone)(6‐nPrSeU)2] (10) as oxidation products. Recrystallization of 7 from methanol/acetonitrile solutions led to deselenation with the formation of 6‐n‐propyl‐2‐uracil (nPrU) (11). [(nPrSeU)I2] (7) was found to be a charge‐transfer complex with a SeI bond. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of antithyroid drugs.
Metal Directed Assemblies of a Dipeptide: Formation of β‐Pleated Sheets
Authors: Barooah Nilotpal , Sarma Rupam J. , Baruah Jubaraj B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe crystal structure of N‐phthaloylglycylglycine and its complexes with copper(II) and zinc(II) are studied. The N‐phthaloylglycylglycinato copper(II) complex has a polymeric structure formed by bridging carboxylates. The corresponding N‐phthaloylglycylglycinato zinc(II) complex is monomeric. Both the metal complexes have self‐assembled hydrogen‐bonded structures in which dipeptide ligand adopt β‐pleated conformations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dramatic Effects of Ionic Liquid on Platinum Electrode Surface and Electron‐Transfer Rates of meso‐Tetraphenylporphyrins
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Movahedi Zarangiz , Mohajer Daryush , Maleki Norouz 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effect of addition of a room temperature ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PF6], on the electrochemical behavior of different free‐base para‐substituted meso‐tetraphenylporphyrins in dichloromethane solution has been studied using cyclic voltammetric technique. It has been found that the ionic liquid has the ability to regenerate platinum electrode surface and improves the reversibility of electrode processes. This has been true for the case of all the porphyrins studied.
Determination of optimum processing conditions for hot‐air roasting of hulled sesame seeds using response surface methodology
Authors: Kahyaoglu Talip , Kaya Sevim 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSesame paste (tahin) is produced by milling hulled, roasted, sesame seeds. In this study, a hot‐air roasting process for the production of sesame paste was optimised by response surface methodology (RSM) over a range of air temperatures (120–180 °C) for various times (30–60 min). The colour parameters (L, a and b values), browning index (BI), hardness, fracturability and moisture content of the seeds were used as response parameters to develop predictive models and optimise the roasting process. Increases in roasting temperature and time caused increases in the a and b values and in the BI. The hardness and fracturability of seeds also decreased with increasing roasting temperature and time. The quadratic and linear models developed by RSM adequately described the changes in the colour values and textural parameters, respectively. The result of RSM analysis showed that all colour parameters and textural parameters should be used to monitor the roasting of sesame seeds in a hot‐air roaster. To obtain the desired colour and texture, the optimum roasting range for production of sesame paste was determined as 155–170 °C for 40–60 min. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects
Authors: Rankin Gabrielle , Stokes Maria , Newham Dianne J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study was undertaken to establish normal reference ranges for abdominal muscle size and symmetry and to examine the effects on these of gender and age. We studied 123 subjects, consisting of 55 men (aged 21–72 years) and 68 women (aged 20–64 years). Real‐time ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles was performed. Thickness of internal and external oblique (IO, EO), transversus abdominis (TA), and rectus abdominis (RA), and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of RA were measured, and absolute and relative muscle thickness (percent total muscle thickness), order of thickness, and symmetry (percent difference between sides) were determined. Males had significantly larger muscles than females and size was poorly correlated with age. The pattern of relative muscle thickness was RA > IO > EO > TA. Symmetry for total absolute thickness of all three lateral muscles was 8%–9% (mean) but for individual muscles there was asymmetry of absolute size (13%–24%), whereas relative thickness was symmetrical for all muscles. These findings provide robust reference data for the abdominal muscles in normal males and females in order to enable comparison with clinical groups to assess abnormalities and establish sensitivity for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Nonprofits and social capital: Measurement through organizational surveys
Authors: Passey Andrew , Lyons Mark 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNonprofit organizations are said to play important roles in the reproduction of social capital, although research suggests that some types of nonprofits add more to stocks of social capital than others and that they vary in the types of social capital they reproduce. Such findings typically come from surveys of individuals or households, as opposed to surveys of nonprofits themselves. In this research article, we draw on a survey of a sample of Australian nonprofit organizations to demonstrate a method of empirically testing some of the ways that nonprofit organizations are said to reproduce social capital and to assess differences in any contributions by important organizational characteristics such as industry or primary beneficiary. We aim to show how surveys of organizations might add to our understanding of the contribution of nonprofits to stocks of social capital.
Antiviral activity and constituent of Ardisia chinensis benth against coxsackie B3 virus
Authors: Su Miaoxian , Li Yaolan , Leung Kam Tong , Cen Yingzhou , Li Ting , Chen Runzhi , Ooi Vincent E. C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractArdisia chinensis Benth is a medicinal plant traditionally used in the area of Yao minority in Southern China. The in vitro antiviral activities of extracts and fractions from Ardisia chinensis were tested by the cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay in the present study. As a result, both the aqueous extract and the 95% ethanol extract of Ardisia chinensis showed in vitro antiviral activity against Coxsackie B3 (Cox B3) virus to different extents, and the aqueous extract possessed more potent activity than the ethanol extract. Bioassay‐guided fractionation revealed that the antiviral activity of Ardisia chinensis was attributed mainly to its high polar fractions, and finally identified to be a polysaccharide. The Ardisia chinensis polysaccharide (ACP) fractionated from the aqueous extract exhibited a significant antiviral effect against Cox B3 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.9 µg/mL and a selective index (SI) over 256. Preliminary characterization indicated that ACP is a neutral polysaccharide in which d‐glucose is the major component. The average molecular weights of ACP were determined to be 40037 Da (Mw), 28297 Da (Mn) and 33758 Da (Mp) by gel permeation chromatography. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protecting Sexual Minority Youth from Research Risks: Conflicting Perspectives
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Forte Draco , Wilson Bianca Della Marie , Greene George J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe describe the dilemmas we encountered in the informed consent process for an HIV prevention project targeting Black gay, bisexual, and non‐gay identified young men. We highlight the complexities of applying informed parental consent procedures to sexual minority youth and identify some of the challenges that researchers who work with sexual minority youth face when they must balance the needs and rights of this population against the needs and rights accorded to parents by federal guidelines for protecting minor participants in research.
The reciprocal risks of stroke and cognitive impairment in an elderly population
Authors: Jin Ya‐Ping , Di Legge Silvia , Ostbye Truls , Feightner John W. , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: June 2006

BackgroundStroke, dementia, and cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) pose major threats to the elderly but have rarely been studied together in the same population. We aimed to compare the relative frequencies of stroke, CIND, and dementia in an elderly population and to examine whether cognitive impairment poses a risk for stroke.MethodsPrevalences of stroke, CIND, and dementia were estimated among participants in the first clinical examination of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA‐1, n = 2,914). Incidence rates were determined at the 5‐year follow‐up (CSHA‐2) among those cognitively normal and stroke free at CSHA‐1 (n = 828). The associations between cognitive impairment and stroke were assessed by Cox regression analyses.ResultsAmong elderly Canadians, the age‐standardized prevalence of stroke, CIND, and dementia were 8%, 17%, and 8%, respectively. Alone or combined, they affected one fourth of the elderly. Among stroke survivors, 64% had cognitive impairment compared with 21% among stroke‐free persons. Among the cognitively impaired, 25% had a stroke compared with 4% among the cognitively normal. The incidence rates of stroke, CIND, and dementia were 3, 6, and 3 per 100 person‐years, respectively. Compared with cognitively normal subjects, the adjusted risk for incident stroke was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to1.9) in patients with CIND and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 3.2) in patients with dementia regardless of whether “questionable stroke” was included.ConclusionsStroke and cognitive impairment pose risk for each other. CIND is highly prevalent, and some of its subtypes may represent treatable preludes to stroke and/or dementia.
Telemedicine, dementia and Down syndrome: Implications for Alzheimer disease
Authors: Lott Ira T. , Doran Eric , Walsh David M. , Hill Mary Ann 
Published: June 2006

BackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) who are at risk for dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) often live at sites remote from major medical centers. Telemedicine (TM) is a modality for providing medical care at remote locations but is underutilized for populations with Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodsWe studied the feasibility of using TM to evaluate symptoms of DAT in 90 individuals with DS. Dementia was assessed by an informant questionnaire, a direct measure of praxis, pathological reflexes on the neurologic examination, and the presence of cortical atrophy on a neuroimaging procedure. The neurologist was blinded to the scores on neuropsychological measures. Differences in average cognitive scores between a TM and traditional academic medical center–based clinic site (TAC) were tested using 2‐way analysis variance with site and premorbid IQ as factors. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship, in addition to the cognitive scores, of influences such as age, premorbid IQ, and site to the prediction of the physician's diagnosis of dementia.ResultsComponents of the neurologic, imaging, and neuropsychological examinations differentiated subjects with and without DAT (p≤0.008) irrespective of whether a subject was evaluated at a TM or TAC site.ConclusionsIt is feasible to make a diagnosis of DAT in DS by TM. This study supports the need for formal reliability and validity studies of TM preparatory to the consideration of this modality for use in clinical trials for AD.
Semi‐quantitative analysis of telomerase activity in exfoliated human urothelial cells and bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Yokota K. , Kanda K. , Inoue Y. , Kanayama H. , Kagawa S. 
Published: June 2006

Objective To determine the utility of detecting telomerase activity in transitional cell bladder cancer, using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and thus provide a test for the detection and monitoring of bladder cancer, especially low‐grade tumours.Patients, subjects and methods Telomerase activity was assayed in bladder cancer tissues and the exfoliated urothelial cells from 29 patients with bladder cancer, 10 with benign disease, and in 10 healthy subjects using the TRAP assay. The levels were assessed semi‐quantitatively by calculating the ratio to an internal telomerase assay standard.Results Telomerase activity was very low in the exfoliated urothelial cells from all healthy subjects and patients with benign disease, with a mean (sd) ratio of 0.25 (0.03) and 0.33 (0.04), respectively. A threshold ratio of 0.4 was calculated as the mean+2 sd of the telomerase activity level of the exfoliated urothelial cells from patients with benign disease. Using this threshold, telomerase activity was negative in exfoliated urothelial cells from all benign cases (100% specificity) and positive in all 26 bladder cancer tissue samples assayed. In tumour tissue, telomerase activity was not associated with tumour grade, size or stage. Telomerase activity in exfoliated urothelial cells from patients with bladder cancer was positive in 25 of 29 samples (86% sensitivity). The sensitivity of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells was seven of nine in G1, 10 of 12 in G2 and all eight G3 tumours; the corresponding sensitivity for voided urine cytology in G1, G2 and G3 tumours was two of nine, six of 12 and six of eight, respectively.Conclusion These results indicate that telomerase activation occurs as an early step in carcinogenesis and the semi‐quantitative analysis of telomerase activity in exfoliated urothelial cells could be a minimally invasive and useful method for detecting bladder cancer, even in low‐grade tumours.
Interactions of asparagns root tissue with soil microorganisms as a factor in early decline of asparagus
Authors: BLOK W. J. , BOLLEN G. J. 
Published: June 2006

Sterilized root residues of asparagus added at a rate of up to 20gkg‐1 fresh soil did not influence severity of root and crown rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi (Foa). Root residues accumulated in field soil during asparagus growing for 10 years did not influence disease severity either. Inoculation of this soil with laboratory‐prepared Foa after treatment at 65°C (30min), at which the indigenous pathogen was killed but toxic substances present in asparagus root residues were left undamaged, led to the same disease severity as inoculation of similarly‐treated fresh soil.On soil extract agar, aqueous root extracts of asparagus but not those of other crops retarded growth of 31 out of 112 fungal isolates from a range of taxa. Sensitive fungi included Gliocladium spp. and Trichoderma harzianum, but not Foa.Colonization of Foa‐infested soil by Fusarium species was greatly enhanced by addition of root material from asparagus, Brussels sprouts, and chicory, but not by that from strawberry and perennial rye grass. As the fraction of Foa amongst the Fusarium population was small, it is concluded that competitive saprophytic ability of the pathogen is far less than that of the nonpathogenic Fusarium species. Fungistasis to Foa was not or was only slightly reduced in soils amended with root residues.In contrast to data reported in the literature, the present results do not suggest an appreciable increase of Foa root rot., or of the Foa population in soils, due to substances present in root residues.
SEDIMENTATION IN SAN DIEGO TROUGH AND CONTRIBUTING SUBMARINE CANYONS
Authors: SHEPARD FRANCIS P. , EINSELE GERHARD 
Published: June 2006

SUMMARYThere are a series of basins off southern California, all presumably due to faulting of the broad continental borderland. Of these, San Diego Trough is the only one where sedimentation has gone on sufficiently to fill the basin depressions so that there is a continuous slope southward to where the trough connects with the deeper San Clemente Basin. This deposition has apparently come to a very great extent from turbidity currents moving down submarine canyons developing channeled fans at the canyon bases. All along the canyons and channels as well as across the fans and in San Diego Trough there are sequences of turbidite sands alternating with muddy sediments that represent the normal deep water sedimentation. Comparison of the coarse fraction from the sands and from the interbedded muds shows that the former are predominantly terrigenous in character whereas a large proportion of the latter are biogenous. Mica is quite low in the coarser sand layers but is abundant in the coarse fraction of the muds. Diatoms and radiolarians are largely confined to the mud layers where they may constitute a large percentage of the sand fraction.Study of the heavy and light minerals shows that the sediments of San Diego Trough are derived largely from the nearby land masses rather than having a considerable admixture from the north as would be the case if sediments were being brought down by turbidity currents coming into the trough from the north. The alterites are appa‐rently lower in San Diego Trough than in the near shore source area which suggests that a supply of sediments may be picked up from the canyon or channel walls along the way to the trough. Also the finding of the only coarse sands in the middle reaches of the channels suggests local sources as does the general make up of these coarse sands. Despite these locally derived coarse sands the prevalence of very fine sand and the “mud” layers between sand layers suggest that the turbidity currents supplying sediments to San Diego Trough have low velocities or at any rate little erosive capacity.