bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic differentiation among European samples of the arctic‐alpine leaf beetle, Chrysomela lapponica
Authors: Machkour‐M’Rabet Salima , Mardulyn Patrick , Pasteels Jacques M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGenetic differentiation within and among isolated populations of the arctic‐alpine leaf beetle, Chrysomela lapponica L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), specialized on either Salix L. (Salicaceae) or Betula L. (Betulaceae) species, was assessed by F‐statistics analysis at seven allozyme loci. Beetles were collected on Salix spp. in lowland Finland (four samples), at mid elevation in the Black Forest in Germany (450 m) and the Massif Central in France (two samples, 930–1 300 m), and at high elevation in the French Alps (2 300 m). Beetles sampled in the Czech Republic (650 m) fed on Betula pubescens Ehrh. Larvae feeding on Salix spp. secreted host‐derived salicylaldehyde as major toxin; those feeding on B. pubescens secreted isobutyrates and 2‐methylbutyrates of mixed plant–insect origin. In all samples, a heterozygote deficit was observed (0.120<FIS<0.568), in particular in populations collected at mid or high elevation (FIS>0.4). The estimated mean level of genetic differentiation among all populations was high (FST = 0.276). Differentiation was highly variable between pairs of populations (FST = 0.093–0.455, all significant) without any correlation with geographic distance. The sample collected in the Czech Republic, from the only population on B. pubescens, was not the most divergent.
Mannose‐binding lectin gene polymorphisms in relation to periodontitis
Authors: Louropoulou Anna , Van Der Velden Ubele , Schoenmaker Ton , Catsburg Arnold , Savelkoul Paul H. M. , Loos Bruno G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate the correlation of six functional polymorphisms in the MBL gene with MBL plasma levels in relation to periodontitis.Material and Methods: A total of 92 periodontitis patients and 70 controls, all of Caucasian origin, were included. Patients and controls were genotyped for the L/H, X/Y, P/Q, A/D, A/B and A/C polymorphisms. Distributions of genotypes, rate of allele carriage and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls. Patients and controls were subdivided in groups of genotypes. Plasma MBL levels were compared between different genotype groups.Results: On the basis of genotyping, three phenotypes with regard to mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) production were distinguished: high‐producers, low‐producers and deficient subjects. No differences in the genotype frequencies were observed between patients and controls. Within patients and controls, subjects with the high‐producing genotypes had significantly higher MBL plasma levels than low‐producers and deficient subjects (p<0.001). Plasma MBL was higher in low‐producer patients compared with low‐producer controls (padjusted=0.021).Conclusion: No association could be observed between MBL gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to periodontitis in Caucasians. However, now that genotyping could distinguish the low producing and deficient subjects from the high‐producers, it was observed, for the first time, that MBL acts as a weak acute‐phase protein in periodontitis.
Adolescents' sense of coherence and smoking as longitudinal predictors of self‐reported gingivitis
Authors: Ayo‐Yusuf Olalekan A. , Reddy Priscilla S. , Van Den Borne Bart W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective: This study sought to determine the influence of sense of coherence (SOC), a personal stress‐coping resource, and smoking on the self‐reported gingival health of a cohort of rural black South African adolescents.Methods: This 18‐month study involved a three‐wave survey of a representative sample of eighth graders from 11 randomly selected high schools in the Limpopo province, South Africa (n=970). Using a generalized estimating equation model, we examined the correlates of recent gingivitis, defined as self‐reporting frequent gingival bleeding (GB). Explanatory variables included baseline socio‐economic status, age, gender, plaque levels, toothbrushing frequency, tobacco use status and SOC levels.Results: Among our sample, 74.6% reported experiencing gingivitis at some point during follow‐up, while 41.9% reported frequent GB at the last survey. Factors that were positively associated with recent gingivitis include living in poor households [odds ratio (OR)=1.49; p<0.01], having higher plaque levels (OR=1.18; p=0.04) and smoking regularly (OR=1.57; p=0.04). Self‐reporting gingivitis was negatively associated with being female (OR=0.76; p=0.02) and having a higher SOC (OR=0.96; p<0.001).Conclusions: Adolescent smoking and SOC levels are independent predictors of self‐reported gingivitis. Therefore, in addition to plaque control, smoking prevention and the teaching of stress‐coping skills may be important interventions for promoting adolescents' gingival health.
HLA‐A, B, Cw, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles and haplotypes in the genetically homogenous Irish population
Authors: Dunne C. , Crowley J. , Hagan R. , Rooney G. , Lawlor E. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe frequencies of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II alleles and haplotypes of 250 Irish unrelated bone marrow donors were determined by high resolution polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using a combination of reverse line blot hybridization and PCR with sequence‐specific primers. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this Irish population is closely related to British, North‐western European, American and Australian Caucasian populations. These observations are consistent with recognized historical, geographical, cultural, ethnic and linguistic relationships between these populations and suggest that Irish haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients have a greater likelihood of finding a phenotypically matched donor within registries based on these populations. HLA‐A, B, Cw, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 analysis confirms that this young homogenous population is characterized by features of a North‐western European anthropological type with limited influence of additional ethnic haplotypes.
Positive association of HLA‐DRB1*15 with keloid disease in Caucasians
Authors: Brown J. J. , Ollier W. E. R. , Thomson W. , Bayat A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryKeloid disease (KD) is a fibroproliferative dermal tumour of unknown aetiology. The increased familial clustering in KD, its increased prevalence in certain races and concordance in identical twins suggest a strong genetic predisposition to keloid formation. The most polymorphic genetic system in all vertebrates is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also known as the human leucocyte antigens (HLA) system. The MHC has been shown to be strongly associated with numerous conditions. Of particular interest is the association of DR2 with dermal fibrotic diseases such as sarcoidosis. To investigate the aetiology of KD, we compared the HLA‐DRB1 phenotype frequencies of Caucasoid patients with keloid scars against those observed in a control population (n = 537). A total number of 67 keloid cases were evaluated in the study. HLA‐DRB1 alleles were determined in all cases and controls using a commercially available semiautomated reverse hybridization polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes typing system. HLA‐DRB1*15 phenotype frequency was higher in KD‐positive Caucasians (38.8%) when compared with controls (20.9%) (corrected P = 0.017). We conclude that in Caucasians of Northern European origin, HLA‐DRB1*15 is associated with risk of developing KD following injury. We have demonstrated for the first time that a genetic association exists between HLA‐DRB1*15 status and the risk of developing keloid scarring in Caucasians. Our data suggest the possible involvement of an immunogenic component to KD although the exact mechanisms involved in MHC‐driven abnormal fibrosis will require further investigation.
Development of the HLA proficiency testing for Central and East Europe
Authors: Bogunia‐Kubik K. , Lange A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryIn order to increase the reliability of histocompatibility testing, several external proficiency testing (EPT) schemes have been established within Europe. All the laboratories trying to obtain European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) accreditation are obliged to take part in standardization trials for human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing and to participate in EPT programme(s) to cover all techniques in use for accredited activities. We started our activity in 1999. At that time, the Quality Control Workshop was run for Polish laboratories involved in HLA typing. A year later, our activity was expanded to the Central East European area. As a result, the third national workshop was combined with the Proficiency Testing of HLA Class I Typing for Central and East Europe. In total, until year 2005, 38 institutions from 14 countries have participated in our workshop. During that period the results of HLA class I A, B and C locus typing by serology and at the DNA low resolution level were expected. To meet the further requirements of participating laboratories starting with year 2006 and the XI trial of the workshop we plan to increase the number of HLA loci to be tested (HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1) and include also high resolution typing. Our EPT is organized under the auspices of the Polish Society for Immunogenetics (PSI) and all laboratories within Poland involved in HLA typing for donor selection within Poltransplant and seeking the PSI accreditation are obliged to participate in our workshop.
Non‐HLA genetics and predicting outcome in HSCT
Authors: Dickinson A. M. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryOver the last 10 years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the role of non‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in predicting outcome in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). These studies have included investigations into ‘single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)’ or microsatellites of cytokines, cytokine receptor genes, or genes associating with innate immunity. These polymorphisms give rise to functional differences in the production of e.g. cytokines, or altered function of genes which are reflected in potential up‐ or down‐ regulating of the ‘cytokine storm’ of GvHD. This review summarises some of the studies and relates the results to their potential for improving HSCT outcome by predicting transplant‐related mortality and GvHD.
The role of genetic variants of NOD2/CARD15, a receptor of the innate immune system, in GvHD and complications following related and unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Holler E. , Rogler G. , Brenmoehl J. , Hahn J. , Greinix H. , Dickinson A. M. , Socie G. , Wolff D. , Finke J. , Fischer G. , Jackson G. , Rocha V. , Hilgendorf I. , Eissner G. , Marienhagen J. , Andreesen R. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryPrevious studies from our group indicated a role of SNPs within the innate immunity receptor NOD2/CARD15 as a risk factor for GvHD and treatment‐related mortality allogeneic stem cell transplantation from HLA‐identical siblings. We now extended these studies to assess the role of NOD2/CARD15 SNPs in 342 unrelated donor transplants. Overall, presence of any SNPs in patients or donor resulted in an increased risk of severe GvHD (25% in wildtype versus 38% in recipients and donors with variants, P= 0.01), which did not translate in increased mortality. When the analysis was broken down to individual SNPs, the presence of a SNP13 in the donor turned out to be the only highly significant risk factor (GvHD III/IV 22% wt, 42% SNP13 donor, P < 0.004; TRM 33% wt versus 59% SNP13 donor, P= 0.01; overall survival 49% wt versus 26% SNP13 donor, P= 0.007). This association was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Analysis of clinical risk factors suggested that this effect was most prominent in patients receiving any form of T cell depletion. Thus our observation indicates that the presence of a defect in innate immunity signalling in donor monocytes and possibly antigen presenting cells is most prominent in patients having additional T cell deficiency.
Misalignment of the microquasar V4641 Sgr (SAX J1819.3–2525)
Authors: Martin Rebecca G. , Reis Rubens C. , Pringle J. E. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
In the microquasar V4641 Sgr, the spin of the black hole is thought to be misaligned with the binary orbital axis. The accretion disc aligns with the black hole spin by the Lense-Thirring effect near to the black hole and further out becomes aligned with the binary orbital axis. The inclination of the radio jets and the Fe Kα line profile have both been used to determine the inclination of the inner accretion disc but the measurements are inconsistent. Using a steady-state analytical-warped disc model for V4641 Sgr, we find that the inner disc region is flat and aligned with the black hole up to about 900Rg. Thus, if both the radio jet and fluorescent emission originate in the same inner region then the measurements of the inner disc inclination should be the same.
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE SENSORY SHELF LIFE USING ACCEPTABILITY SCORES
Authors: GIMÉNEZ ANA , ARES GASTÓN , GÁMBARO ADRIANA 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT In the present study, survival analysis was applied on consumers' acceptability scores, focusing the shelf‐life risk on the consumers disliking the product. Shelf life was estimated as the time necessary to reach a fixed percentage of consumers disliking the product, that is, the percentage of consumers scoring the product's overall acceptability below 6 in a 9‐point hedonic scale. In the present work, this methodology was applied to estimate the sensory shelf life of whole pan bread and alfajores. Shelf lives estimated considering 50% of the consumers disliking the product were shorter than those estimated considering consumers' rejection to consume. These results suggest that a proportion of consumers might dislike the sample but still answer “yes” when asked if they would consume the product at their homes. This could be attributed to the fact that when consumers are asked whether they would consume the product, they might think about consuming it after being stored at their homes. In this situation, consumers might be more tolerant toward sensory defects because they do not want to discard the product. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSensory shelf life can be estimated using survival analysis considering the percentage of consumers disliking the product. This methodology seems to be a conservative criterion in order to assure the product's quality throughout its storage.
A LEXICON FOR TEXTURE AND FLAVOR CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND PROCESSED TOMATOES
Authors: HONGSOONGNERN PAIRIN , CHAMBERS EDGAR 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT A lexicon for describing the sensory flavor and texture characteristics of fresh and processed tomatoes was developed. A six‐member highly trained, descriptive sensory panel identified, defined and referenced 33 sensory attributes for fresh and processed tomatoes. Forty products including a variety of raw, canned, concentrated and dried tomatoes, as well as tomato‐based products including ketchup and simple pasta sauce, were evaluated in the study. These products represented a wide range of sensory characteristics in raw and processed tomatoes. The lexicon established included 5 aroma attributes, 10 texture attributes and 18 flavor attributes including 6 taste and mouthfeel attributes. The lexicon provides attribute descriptors, definitions and references that often are lacking in previous literature. Reducing the number of attributes may be appropriate when testing specific tomato products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIncreased consumption of tomato products has expanded interest in improving the sensory characteristics of tomatoes and subsequent products. This research provides a list of sensory flavor and texture terms that can be used to describe the sensory characteristics of both fresh and processed tomatoes. This information will help researchers, breeders and processors better understand the flavor and texture properties of fresh and processed tomatoes, and the tomato characteristics of tomato products. Taste attributes, often used in previous literature, are important but are not enough to describe the characteristics of tomatoes. In addition to flavor attributes, aroma and texture properties are important for describing tomato characteristics but have not been thoroughly established in previous research.
DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE SENSORY METHOD FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF YOUNG RED WINES FROM RIOJA ALAVESA
Authors: ETAIO I. , PÉREZ ELORTONDO F.J. , ALBISU M. , GASTON E. , OJEDA M. , SCHLICH P. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT A quantitative sensory method was developed to evaluate young red wines from Rioja Alavesa and find the most suitable attributes to describe them. Twenty‐four attributes (including appearance, aroma, flavor, taste and mouthfeel attributes) were chosen. Combined quantitative references were developed for these attributes aiming to lower the total number of references to be tasted. Nineteen wines were evaluated at four different times (every 2.5 months after bottling) by a panel trained in the use of this methodology. Attributes were compared in terms of overall intensities, and discriminative power of the attributes was assessed by analysis of variance, considering both sample and time effects. Appearance, taste and mouthfeel attributes revealed to be the most important to describe and discriminate the wines. “Red berry,”“floral,”“aroma intensity” and “dark berry” were the most important aroma attributes to discriminate among the wines, whereas “alcoholic” and “herbaceous” were the most important in flavor. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work provides three main practical applications. First, a list of terms for sensory description of wines from Rioja Alavesa is provided. There are no scientific reports using sensory panels to describe young red wines from the Rioja region. Attributes that describe and/or discriminate among these wines are also determined. All this information may be useful for a better understanding of these wines and for being used in future studies. Second, a methodology to describe young red wines and to evaluate them is described, which may be useful for further studies concerning wines from this area or other areas. Third, the development of combined references is used as a practical way to present all the references to all the panelists in the booths, although more studies are necessary before recommending this sensory practice.
PANEL CONSONANCE IN THE SENSORY EVALUATION OF APPLE ATTRIBUTES: INFLUENCE OF MEALINESS ON SWEETNESS PERCEPTION
Authors: ECHEVERRÍA G. , GRAELL J. , LARA I. , LÓPEZ ML. , PUY J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT Seventeen apple samples from nine different cultivars were evaluated by a trained panel of nine panelists. The first dimension of the raw principal component analysis models for each attribute (sweetness, sourness, juiciness, firmness, mealiness and crispness) accounted for more than 57% of the variance in sensory scores, except in the case of sweetness, for which the degree of explained variance was only 40%. A generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) was then applied to maximize the explained variance between the panelists. The final consonance results can be understood by looking at the interactions among the attributes: analysis of the GPA rotation matrix indicated that there was a rotation interaction between sweetness and mealiness that could explain the lower degree of consensus in the panel when evaluating sweetness. Conversely, the highest degree of consensus was observed for sourness, which showed the lowest correlation with the rest of the attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOur article shows that panel consonance results can be directly related to interactions among sensory attributes: an attribute with higher interactions with the rest of the properties reaches a lower consensus in its evaluation. There is no work reporting this conclusion from a particular set of sensory data. We would also like to highlight that evidencing this result is not trivial because not all the interactions among sensory properties respond to a correlation interaction. For instance, we show that there is a rotation interaction between sweetness and mealiness. This information is the result of a detailed analysis of values of rotation coefficients between each pair of sensory attributes for all the panelists. To our knowledge, this kind of interaction has not been explicitly described in the apple literature up to now. In the present study, this interaction is explained from the sensory perception mechanisms of both properties.
THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF CLOTHING COMFORT: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY
Authors: KAPLAN SIBEL , OKUR AYŞE 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT Consumers prefer garments that not only look good but also feel good especially during the last years because of their increased consciousness about a better life. Therefore, there have been many studies about subjective evaluation techniques such as subjective wear trials and consumer research techniques to understand how consumers perceive clothing and formulate their comfort perceptions at any specific moment. In this study, the meaning and importance of clothing comfort and main comfort problems according to a group of Turkish consumers having different properties were determined by a questionnaire survey study. Analysis of the results indicated that, garment fit and comfort were the most important criteria for the investigated group during purchase decisions and nearly all of the respondents considered clothing comfort as more important than before. The basic comfort problems of people were mostly related to ease of movement, sweating and garment fit. This study is a preparation stage for wear trials that will constitute the subjective part of a comfort evaluation method to be developed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn the modern consumer market, meeting the consumer needs is the key factor for success and the only way to determine the needs is to measure them by subjective methods and find out the relationships between subjective results and physically measurable parameters. It is thought that, data obtained from this questionnaire survey would be helpful in creating a general overview about the meaning of comfort in a group of Turkish consumers' minds and their purchase behaviors. Sensory descriptors obtained from this study will be used for wear trials to get more reliable results, which will constitute the subjective part of a wider project. Conclusions put forward about objective and subjective measurements will guide fiber and textile producers about the needs and preferences of Turkish consumers. Consequently, they can determine their quality level suitable for specific consumer groups.