bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posture and depth adjustable 3D body model for individual pattern making
Authors: Sook Cho Young , Komatsu Takuya , Takatera Masayuki , Inui Shigeru , Shimizu Yoshio , Park Hyejun 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the development of an interactive body model that can be altered to match individual body perimeter, postures and depth for the purpose of computerized pattern making.Design/methodology/approachConstruction of the posture and depth adjustable body model requires the extraction of ten points, adjustment of coordinate points, linking of points by spline curves, control of section lengths and selectability of three hip types. Front to back depth of the model is adjusted by scaling ratio.FindingsGood results were achieved in modelling back shapes, such as flat shape and stoop shape, and of modelling various hip shapes, such as flat shape and protruding shape. Also the presented body model is able to accurately simulate individual depth of bust, waist and hips. Silhouette comparison between the fully adjusted virtual body model and real body shapes shows an almost perfect match. A primary dialog for altering perimeter, length and depth, and a posture dialog for controlling back and hip shapes was developed.Originality/valueBy making fine adjustments to posture and depth, it is possible to make patterns which result in clothing that not only fits well, but also exhibits other desirable properties. This system could, therefore, be seen as a major step forward in pattern making.
An overview of smart technologies for clothing design and engineering
Authors: Lam Po Tang S. , Stylios G. K. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper aims to provide an overview of the area of smart textiles.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes and discusses new and developing materials and technologies used in the textile industries.FindingsSignificant progress has been achieved in the area of technical textiles. Fibres, yarns, fabrics and other structures with added‐value functionality have been successfully developed for technical and/or high performance end‐uses. The basic building blocks are already in place in the field of smart textiles and clothing.Practical implicationsAs progress in science and engineering research advances, and as the gap between designers and scientists narrows, the area of smart clothing is likely to keep on expanding for the foreseeable future. Growth is predicted to occur in two distinct directions: performance‐driven smart clothing and fashion‐driven smart clothing. There are challenges that have to be addressed.Originality/valueThe paper provides information of value to those interested in the future directions of the textile industry.
Discussing reflecting model of yarn
Authors: Liu Jihong , Yamaura Itsuo , Gao Weidong 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper deals with the reflecting rays of yarn.Design/methodology/approachThe modeling, assuming that the fibers are arranged around the surface of elliptic yarn and reflecting rays of yarn are consisted of reflecting rays of fibers, is established using mathematical method. We can get a distributional curve of reflecting rays by this method.FindingsIt was found that because resolution was an important parameter in measurement equipment, the result of modeling must be filtered. It gives fundamental theory for selecting resolution and we also provide other useful value for selecting equipment of image processing. Resolution is an important parameter for measurement equipment. We have provided the minimum resolution for yarn. When we do image processing for yarn, we can get correct information of yarn by image processing with the minimum resolution and over.Research limitations/implicationsThe result using different measurement equipment does not show the same result, therefore, the model must be filtered according to resolution.Orginality/valueAlthough previous researches have used the reflecting property of yarn, little work that analyzed the reflecting model of yarn and the relationship between resolution and reflecting property has been achieved. We present a method of analyzing reflection of yarn.
A document for document's sake
Authors: Forbes‐Pitt Katherine 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAnecdotal evidence about electronic document management systems implies that they sound good, but implementation is difficult. This paper seeks to utilise the assertions of Hughes and King that the document is a social artefact and to ask what this might mean for electronic document management systems.Design/methodology/approachAfter analysing the layers of information contained in documents, the study argues that documents are “wrapping” for content that ensures the provision of social knowledge required for interpretation of the document's content.FindingsSome information systems writers argue that the need for social knowledge in a task negates the possibility of the automation of it. So it can be argued that the “electronic document” is an oxymoron; that only part of what we know to be a document can be provided electronically. The paper concludes that greater success might be achieved by discarding the idea of electronically delivering documents and instead focusing on the delivery of content.Originality/valueThe article explores the fundamental nature of electronic systems and the resulting implications for the form and structure of electronic objects within such systems – a significant issue, which is transferable to the record‐keeping arena.
Managing Electronic Records
Authors: Barry Rick 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis article aims to review the bookManaging Electronic Recordsedited by Julie McLeod and Catherine Hare.Design/methodology/approachThe book is evaluated in the context of other related titles, the authors' and editors' aims for the text, the needs of professionals in the field and the reviewer's views on required content.FindingsThe reviewer concludes that the book is one of the very best collections on electronic records to have been published.Originality/valueThe article reviews this book within the context of other titles, thereby informing readers of the broader range of resources in this challenging area.
Working against ourselves: decision making in a small rural school district
Authors: Patterson Jean A. , Koenigs Andrew , Mohn Gordon , Rasmussen Cheryl 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine decision making and resource allocation in a small, rural district in a Midwestern state of the USA during a time of economic retrenchment.Design/methodology/approachQualitative case study methods were used, including focus groups and personal interviews with current and former district administrators, Board of Education members, teachers, parents, and other members of the communities the district serves. Organizational archetypes were used as an analytic framework to reveal the deeper cultural values and preferences influencing board and superintendent decisions.FindingsUnderlying historical patterns of decision making were found that were not aligned with constituents' preferences. District leaders refused to consider information that did not fit with their own beliefs and a crisis of leadership occurred, which resulted in the ousting of the superintendent and a majority of school board members. These patterns of decision making furthermore advantaged one group of constituents and disadvantaged another.Originality/valueThis study illustrates the potential of archetypes as an analytic framework for understanding organizational decision making. Revealing tacit patterns of decision making can help organizations recognize and change patterns that are dysfunctional and have negative outcomes.
Economic efficiency in supermarkets: evidences in Spain
Authors: Sellers‐Rubio Ricardo , Mas‐Ruiz Francisco 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo estimate the economic efficiency of supermarket chains in the Spanish retailing industry.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology applied is based on the non‐parametric technique of data envelopment analysis. The empirical application is carried out on a sample of 100 supermarket chains between 1995 and 2001.FindingsThe results reveal high levels of economic inefficiency in the Spanish retailing sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalisation of the conclusions of the study to the whole sector should be made with caution, given the fact that only one of the players in the channel of distribution has been analysed.Practical implicationsEfficiency analysis facilitates the management of the intermediaries themselves at a horizontal level, allowing the realisation of “benchmarking” analysis. Producers can also identify the efficient retailers, what could be useful for vertical relationships in the channel.Originality/valueFor the first time, this study analyses the economic efficiency of the intermediaries in the Spanish retailing sector.
Back from the grave
Authors: Greenyer Andrew 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo review the role of modelled data in target marketing, in the light of several years of widespread denigration of modelled information over specific attributes.Design/methodology/approachKey recent factors, influences and statistics on the availability and use of specific/personal marketing data are reviewed, noting the increasing restrictions due to public dataset withdrawal, privacy legislation and so on. Channel proliferation and change in the balance of spend between prospecting and developing existing customers are noted. All are then related to the revival of need for modelled data.FindingsWhile the demand for volumes of individual consumer marketing data continues to rise, the availability and useability of that data is in decline. Modelled attributes are becoming the only way to fill the gap.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates that the widespread criticism of modelled data ignores the increasing need for such information to meet the inexorable trend away from mass advertising and towards direct marketing techniques.
Introduction: Taking complexity seriously in IS research
Authors: Jacucci Edoardo , Hanseth Ole , Lyytinen Kalle 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo give an overview of the papers contained in this Special Issue.Design/methodology/approachLooks at how each of the papers reflects the theme of the Special Issue, “Complexity and IT design and evolution”.FindingsThe collection of papers in this Special Issue addresses complexity, drawing on multi‐faceted, multi‐theoretical lines of inquiry.Originality/valueFrameworks from complexity science, institutional theory, social science, philosophy, and recent thinking in science and technology studies (STS) are used as theoretical lenses to conceptualize and analyze complexity in IS and to offer ways to mitigate it.
Toward a complexity theory of information systems development
Authors: Benbya Hind , McKelvey Bill 
Published: July 2006

PurposeExisting literature acknowledges information systems development (ISD) to be a complex activity. This complexity is magnified by the continuous changes in user requirements due to changing organizational needs in changing external competitive environments. Research findings show that, if this increasing complexity is not managed appropriately, information systems fail. The paper thus aims to portray the sources of complexity related to ISD and to suggest the use of complexity theory as a frame of reference, analyzing its implications on information system design and development to deal with the emergent nature of IS.Design/methodology/approachConceptual analysis and review of relevant literature.FindingsThis article provides a conceptual model explaining how top‐down “official” and bottom‐up “emergent” co‐evolutionary adaptations of information systems design with changing user requirements will result in more effective system design and operation. At the heart of this model are seven first principles of adaptive success drawn from foundational biological and social science theory: adaptive tension, requisite complexity, change rate, modular design, positive feedback, causal intricacy, and coordination rhythm. These principles, translated into the ISD context, outline how IS professionals can use them to better enable the co‐evolutionary adaptation of ISD projects to changing stakeholder interests and broader environmental changes.Originality/valueThis paper considers and recognizes the different sources of complexity related to ISD before suggesting how they could be better dealt with. It develops a framework for change to deal with the emergent nature of ISD and enable more expeditious co‐evolutionary adaptation.
Information out of information: on the self‐referential dynamics of information growth
Authors: Kallinikos Jannis 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper seeks to develop a theory of information processes that invokes three major explanatory factors to account for the escalating patterns of information growth that have been taking place over the last decades.Design/methodology/approachConceptual analysis and review of relevant theories.FindingsFirst, information is claimed to have a dual value as a description of a reference domain and a relationship that such a description may have or develop with already available descriptions within that domain or across reference domains. Second, the intrinsic combinability of technologically mediated information is substantially strengthened by the interoperable character of contemporary information infrastructures. Finally, information growth dynamics are intimately connected with the perishable and disposable character of information.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel theory of information growth dynamics.
Developing relational capabilities in hotels
Authors: Rodríguez‐Díaz Manuel , Espino‐Rodríguez Tomás F. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to show that relational capabilities is a topic of interest for the competitiveness of hotel companies. This paper aims to present a methodology based on the analysis of processes in order to create and strengthen relational capabilities and proposes a model with three dimensions that jointly analyzes this phenomenon in relation to the outsourcing of activities and the collateral relationships maintained between different hotels.Design/methodology/approachCreates a methodology to rethink the relationships between the hotel company, its suppliers and other hotels in the same tourist destination. The creation of relational capabilities necessarily requires the hotel to study and analyze the following stages: internal analysis of resources and capabilities; relational analysis of activities; and process integration. A model is also proposed to analyze this question.FindingsThe development of relational capabilities in outsourcing is based on the level of competence of the service companies and on the strategic contribution of the activities, with four cases analyzed: high competence and low strategic contribution; low competence and high strategic contribution; low competence and low strategic value; and relational and internal capabilities. The joint analysis of the outsourcing relationships and collateral relationships among hotels adds a third dimension of process integration, with four possibilities: non‐core activities and low collateral processes integration; core activities and low collateral processes integration; non‐core activities and high collateral process integration; and core activities and high collateral processes integration.Practical implicationsA short self‐assessment questionnaire is developed that may help hotels to implement the methodology, as well as to create the basis for the empirical application by researchers in hospitality management.Originality/valueThe paper studies the possibilities of developing relational capabilities in the sector. It also determines the process to be followed in order to develop relational capabilities in the outsourcing of activities and in collateral relationships between hotels.
Backpacking and hostel‐picking: an analysis from Canada
Authors: Hecht Jo‐Anne , Martin David 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis research paper aims to better understand the characteristics of backpackers who stay at hostels in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, and their current service preferences.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected by carrying out interviews with 20 experienced backpackers from seven countries. As a result, 15 critical backpackers' requirements were identified and used as the base for the questionnaire developed for the next phase of field research. At this phase, 385 backpackers from 35 countries completed the questionnaires.FindingsThe backpackers cannot be treated as a homogeneous group, and there are differences due to demographics of gender, age and country of origin. The traditional youth tourist backpacker (15‐25 years of age) viewed backpacking as more a social and cultural experience than the transition backpacker (26‐29 years of age) or contemporary backpacker (30 years of age and older). As age increased, so did the backpacker's desire and willingness to pay for privacy. Asian and North/South Americans required more hotel type services than Australians and Europeans.Originality/valueIn conclusion, the paper provides hostels in GTA with future directions grouped as four key factors.
The competency model of hospitality service: why it doesn't deliver
Authors: Chapman Judith Ann , Lovell Genevieve 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance discussion of the efficacy of the current Australian competency training framework for credentialing and preparing front‐line employees for the hospitality and tourism industry.Design/methodology/approachDiscussion focuses on the hospitality service encounter and the skills and competencies needed by front‐line employees to satisfy customers. Attributes different meanings to the term “skill” and explains how skill is conceptualized within the Australian competency framework. Illustrates this with examples.FindingsArgues that the competency framework largely excludes key skills and attitudinal factors needed for competent performance, while emphasizing limited procedural skills at minimal levels of performance. Suggests that, due to its complexity and high staff turnover, the industry needs a more robust approach to credentialing and training its workforce.Research limitations/implicationsFocus is on issues confronting the hospitality and tourism industry in Australia. May be useful for comparison purposes for those interested in training and service delivery systems. Implies that research is needed on the nexus between the service encounter and the competencies needed by employees.Practical implicationsSuggests approaches to developing industry and organizational capacity in three areas: analysis and review of skills; professional approach to job selection and placement; strategic approach to developing employees and supervisors in front‐line positions.Originality/valueClearly identifies shortcomings in the current framework. Links the service encounter with skills and competencies. Provides diagnostic questions for senior management to review their attitudes towards developing junior staff.
Interacting standards: a basic element in logistics networks
Authors: Fabbe‐Costes Nathalie , Jahre Marianne , Rouquet Aurélien 
Published: July 2006

PurposeLogisticians have always viewed standards as solutions for improving operational compatibility and coordination. This paper aims to contribute to a greater understanding of how standards, upon which logistics systems are designed, developed and coordinated, interact with each other and with other resources in a logistics network for the purpose of improving efficiency and effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review permits: defining standards as a coordination mechanism focusing on development, use and evolution of interconnected standards; pointing out the importance of standards for logistics efficiency and effectiveness; and analysis of interrelatedness referring to increasing returns, basic technology and dominant design. The empirical evidence is based on a meta‐case from the automobile industry with information collected from nine case studies based on observations, documents, drafts of standards and interviews.FindingsThe case study illustrates major points in prior literature and provides new propositions that enrich the theory and have important managerial implications. Main findings include a better understanding of how standards interact over time, and how they help, as well as hinder technological development in logistics networks. Being exploratory in nature, the paper concludes with theoretical propositions for further research.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the understanding of an issue is been important, but still not much addressed in prior logistics literature: the use of standards. The combining of literature from three streams of research: logistics, industrial networks and technology development provides interesting insight on which the case analysis is based and from which further research can be developed.
Optimization model for a livestock collection problem
Authors: Gribkovskaia Irina , Gullberg Bjørn O. , Hovden Karl J. , Wallace Stein W. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe value chain of the Norwegian meat production industry has recently been through major structural changes resulting in increased flows and transportation needs at all levels. The purpose of this paper is to present results of the initial stage of a five‐year research project between the Norwegian Meat Research Centre, Norwegian meat companies and Molde University College. The main goal of the project is to develop a decision support system for the transport of live animals to a slaughterhouse to reduce transportation costs while maintaining high level of livestock welfare and meat quality, as these are three main factors for the profitability of both farmers and industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a mixed integer programming model that combines vehicle routing and inventory control. We introduce the possibility for multiple routes for a given vehicle on a given day in a multiple‐period planning perspective. Arrival times of the loaded vehicles to the slaughterhouse are controlled by production (slaughter) rate and inventory level at the abattoirs so that the supply of animals for slaughter is steady and production breaks are avoided. Livestock welfare is secured by the route duration constraints.FindingsThe model has been formulated and tested on small data sets. The major future challenge is to solve real‐life problems from the involved companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is the present inability to solve large cases.Originality/valueThe model combining transportation and inventory control in a setting of animal welfare constraints is original.