bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender as a Moderator in the Association of Body Weight to Smoking and Mental Health
Authors: Park Eunkyung 
Published: November 2008

Objectives. I sought to examine gender's role as a moderator in the association of relative body weight to smoking and mental health. Methods. Data came from the 2004–2005 Minnesota Survey on Adult Substance Use, a statewide telephone survey (N = 16 289). Current smoking and mental health problems were examined in relation to relative body weight across genders, with control for covariates. Results. Relative to their healthy-weight counterparts, overweight or obese men were less likely to smoke, whereas overweight women were more likely to smoke. Mental health problems were not related to relative body weight among men. However, overweight or obese women were more likely than were their healthy-weight counterparts to have a negative self-assessment of mental health, and obese women were more likely to have a mental health problem. In addition, underweight women had increased odds of being a smoker and having mental health problems. Conclusions. The results indicate that gender has a moderating role in the association between body weight and both smoking and mental health. Gender-specific analysis rather than adjustment for the impact of gender in analyses is a promising avenue for future research.
Mortality Among Men and Women in Same-Sex Marriage: A National Cohort Study of 8333 Danes
Authors: Frisch Morten , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik 
Published: November 2008

Objectives. We studied overall mortality in a demographically defined, complete cohort of gay men and lesbians to address recent claims of markedly shorter life spans among homosexual persons. Methods. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) starting 1 year after the date of same-sex marriage for 4914 men and 3419 women in Denmark who married a same-sex partner between 1989 and 2004. Results. Mortality was markedly increased in the first decade after same-sex marriage for men who married between 1989 and 1995 (SMR = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.01, 2.50), but much less so for men who married after 1995, when efficient HIV/AIDS therapies were available (SMR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.68). For women who married their same-sex partner between 1989 and 2004, mortality was 34% higher than was mortality in the general female population (SMR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.63). For women, and for men marrying after 1995, the significant excess mortality was limited to the period 1 to 3 years after the marriage. Conclusions. Despite recent marked reduction in mortality among gay men, Danish men and women in same-sex marriages still have mortality rates that exceed those of the general population. The excess mortality is restricted to the first few years after a marriage, presumably reflecting preexisting illness at the time of marriage. Although further study is needed, the claims of drastically increased overall mortality in gay men and lesbians appear unjustified.
Effects of a Community-Based, Professionally Supervised Intervention on Physical Activity Levels Among Residents of Recife, Brazil
Authors: Simoes Eduardo J. , Hallal Pedro , Pratt Michael , Ramos Luiz , Munk Marcia , Damascena Wilson , Parra Perez Diana , Hoehner Christine M. , Gilbertz David , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: November 2008

Objectives. We evaluated the effects of a community-based intervention, the Academia da Cidade program (ACP), on increasing leisure-time physical activity among residents of Recife, Brazil. Methods. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity and transport physical activity (i.e., activities involved in traveling from place to place) levels in a random sample of 2047 Recife residents surveyed in 2007. We also examined factors related to exposure to ACP (participation in the intervention, residing near an intervention site, hearing about or seeing intervention activities). We estimated prevalence odds ratios (ORs) of moderate to high leisure-time and transport physical activity levels via intervention exposures adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and environmental variables. Results. Prevalence ORs for moderate to high levels of leisure-time physical activity were higher among former (prevalence OR = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 3.9) and current (prevalence OR = 11.3; 95% CI = 3.5, 35.9) intervention participants and those who had heard about or seen an intervention activity (prevalence OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.5). Transport physical activity levels were inversely associated with residing near an ACP site. Conclusions. The ACP program appears to be an effective public health strategy to increase population-level physical activity in urban developing settings.
Glucose and Pharmacological Modulators of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels Control [Ca2+]c by Different Mechanisms in Isolated Mouse α-Cells
Authors: Quoix Nicolas , Cheng-Xue Rui , Mattart Laurine , Zeinoun Ziad , Guiot Yves , Beauvois Mélanie C. , Henquin Jean-Claude , Gilon Patrick 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—We studied how glucose and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel modulators affect α-cell [Ca2+]c.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—GYY mice (expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein in α-cells) and NMRI mice were used. [Ca2+]c, the KATP current (IKATP, perforated mode) and cell metabolism [NAD(P)H fluorescence] were monitored in single α-cells and, for comparison, in single β-cells.
RESULTS—In 0.5 mmol/l glucose, [Ca2+]c oscillated in some α-cells and was basal in the others. Increasing glucose to 15 mmol/l decreased [Ca2+]c by ∼30% in oscillating cells and was ineffective in the others. α-Cell IKATP was inhibited by tolbutamide and activated by diazoxide or the mitochondrial poison azide, as in β-cells. Tolbutamide increased α-cell [Ca2+]c, whereas diazoxide and azide abolished [Ca2+]c oscillations. Increasing glucose from 0.5 to 15 mmol/l did not change IKATP and NAD(P)H fluorescence in α-cells in contrast to β-cells. The use of nimodipine showed that L-type Ca2+ channels are the main conduits for Ca2+ influx in α-cells. γ-Aminobutyric acid and zinc did not decrease α-cell [Ca2+]c, and insulin, although lowering [Ca2+]c very modestly, did not affect glucagon secretion.
CONCLUSIONS—α-Cells display similarities with β-cells: KATP channels control Ca2+ influx mainly through L-type Ca2+ channels. However, α-cells have distinct features from β-cells: Most KATP channels are already closed at low glucose, glucose does not affect cell metabolism and IKATP, and it slightly decreases [Ca2+]c. Hence, glucose and KATP channel modulators exert distinct effects on α-cell [Ca2+]c. The direct small glucose-induced drop in α-cell [Ca2+]c contributes likely only partly to the strong glucose-induced inhibition of glucagon secretion in islets.
Association Analysis of Variation in/NearFTO,CDKAL1,SLC30A8,HHEX,EXT2,IGF2BP2,LOC387761, andCDKN2BWith Type 2 Diabetes and Related Quantitative Traits in Pima Indians
Authors: Rong Rong , Hanson Robert L. , Ortiz Daniel , Wiedrich Christopher , Kobes Sayuko , Knowler William C. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—In recent genome-wide association studies, variants in CDKAL1, SLC30A8, HHEX, EXT2, IGF2BP2, CDKN2B, LOC387761, and FTO were associated with risk for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians. We investigated the association of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and some additional tag SNPs with type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits in Pima Indians.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forty-seven SNPs were genotyped in 3,501 Pima Indians informative for type 2 diabetes and BMI, among whom 370 had measures of quantitative traits.RESULTS— FTO provided the strongest evidence for replication, where SNPs were associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 1.20 per copy of the risk allele, P = 0.03) and BMI (P = 0.002). None of the other previously reported SNPs were associated with type 2 diabetes; however, associations were found between CDKAL1 and HHEX variants and acute insulin response (AIR), where the Caucasian risk alleles for type 2 diabetes were associated with reduced insulin secretion in normoglycemic Pima Indians. Multiallelic analyses of carrying risk alleles for multiple genes showed correlations between number of risk alleles and type 2 diabetes and impaired insulin secretion in normoglycemic subjects (P = 0.006 and 0.0001 for type 2 diabetes and AIR, respectively), supporting the hypothesis that many of these genes influence diabetes risk by affecting insulin secretion.CONCLUSIONS—Variation in FTO impacts BMI, but the implicated common variants in the other genes did not confer a significant risk for type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. However, confidence intervals for their estimated effects were consistent with the small effects reported in Caucasians, and the multiallelic “genetic risk profile” identified in Caucasians is associated with diminished early insulin secretion in Pima Indians.
Management of Inpatient Hyperglycemia in Noncritically Ill Patients
Authors: Lansang M. Cecilia , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: November 2008

In BriefHyperglycemia in hospitalized patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Insulin counteracts the damaging processes caused by hyperglycemia and is therefore a logical choice in treating inpatient hyperglycemia. This article emphasizes the importance of using a physiological (basal-bolus) insulin regimen for noncritically ill hospitalized patients, discusses protocols for initiating and titrating insulin doses and for transitioning from insulin infusion to a subcutaneous regimen, and recommends insulin teaching as part of discharge planning for patients who were not on insulin before admission.
Inpatient Care Coordination for Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Rogers Susan 
Published: November 2008

In Brief
Focus on transition of care from outpatient to inpatient and back to an outpatient setting should be a priority in the fragmented health care system. Inpatient care coordinators, along with an interdisciplinary team from varying settings along the care continuum, can be instrumental in ensuring smooth,safe, and quality transitions. This, in turn, provides an avenue to ensure that patients are educated, adherent, and involved in their own health along the continuum of diabetes care.
Physical Therapist Management of Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain Using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Rundell Sean D , Davenport Todd E , Wagner Tracey 
Published: November 2008

Background and PurposeThe World Health Organization's Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO-ICF) model was developed to describe, classify, and measure function in health care practice and research. Recently, this model has been promoted as a successor to the Nagi model by some authors in the physical therapy literature. However, conceptual work in demonstrating use of the WHO-ICF model in physical therapist management of individual patients remains sparse. The purpose of this case report series is to demonstrate the application of the WHO-ICF model in clinical reasoning and physical therapist management of acute and chronic low back pain.Case DescriptionTwo patients, 1 with acute low back pain and 1 with chronic low back pain, were treated pragmatically using the WHO-ICF model and other applicable models of clinical reasoning.InterventionManual therapy, exercise, and education interventions were directed toward relevant body structure and function impairments, activity limitations, and contextual factors based on their hypothesized contribution to functioning and disability.OutcomeBoth patients demonstrated clinically significant improvements in measures of pain, disability, and psychosocial factors after 3 weeks and 10 weeks of intervention, respectively.DiscussionThe WHO-ICF model appears to provide an effective framework for physical therapists to better understand each person's experience with his or her disablement and assists in prioritizing treatment selection. The explicit acknowledgment of personal and environmental factors aids in addressing potential barriers. The WHO-ICF model integrates well with other models of practice such as Sackett's principles of evidence-based practice, the rehabilitation cycle, and Edwards and colleagues’ clinical reasoning model. Future research should examine outcomes associated with the use of the WHO-ICF model using adequately designed clinical trials.
A stereotactic near-infrared probe for localization during functional neurosurgical procedures: further experience
Authors: Giller Cole A. , Liu Hanli , German Dwight C. , Kashyap Dheerendra , Dewey Richard B. 
Published: November 2008

Object
The authors previously developed an optical stereotactic probe employing near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to provide intraoperative localization by distinguishing gray matter from white matter. In the current study they extend and further validate this technology.

Methods
Near-infrared probes were inserted 203 times during 138 procedures for movement disorders. Detailed validation with postoperative imaging was obtained for 121 of these procedures and with microelectrode recording (MER) for 30 procedures. Probes were constructed to interrogate tissue perpendicular to the probe path and to incorporate hollow channels for microelectrodes, deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes, and other payloads.

Results
The NIR data were highly correlated to imaging and MER recordings for thalamic targets. The NIR data were highly sensitive but less specific relative to imaging for subthalamic targets, confirming the ability to detect the subthalamic nucleus and to provide warnings of inaccurate localization. The difference between the NIR- and MER-detected midpoints of the subthalamic nucleus along the chosen tracks was 1.1 ± 1.2 mm (SD). Data obtained during insertion and withdrawal of the NIR probe suggested that DBS electrodes may push their targets ahead of their paths. There was one symptomatic morbidity. Detailed NIR data could be obtained from a 7-cm track in less than 10 minutes.

Conclusions
The NIR probe is a straightforward, quick, and robust tool for intraoperative localization during functional neurosurgery. Potential future applications include localization of targets for epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, and incorporation of NIR guidance into probes designed to convey various payloads.
Significant headache improvement after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with small sellar lesions
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Yedinak Christine , Campbell Caitlin , Delashaw Johnny B. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Pituitary adenomas represent a large proportion of brain tumors that are increasing in incidence because of improved imaging techniques. Headache is the primary symptom in patients with large tumors (macroadenomas), but is also a symptom in patients with small tumors (microadenomas, tumors < 1.0 cm). The prevalence and optimal treatment of headaches associated with pituitary tumors is still unclear, particularly in cases of microadenoma. If conventional medical management fails, transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) may be considered as an alternative treatment for intractable headaches.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 512 patients who underwent TSS at Oregon Health & Science University between 2001 and 2007; patients with Cushing disease were excluded. The authors identified 41 patients with small pituitary tumors who underwent TSS, and retrospectively evaluated the resolution and/or treatment of headache.

Results
Ninety percent of patients who presented with nonfunctioning microadenomas and Rathke cleft cysts experienced resolution or improvement in their headaches after TSS, and 56% of patients who presented with hyperfunctioning pituitary microadenomas had improvement in their headaches. There were no postoperative complications.

Conclusions
In this retrospective study, the authors demonstrate the efficacy of TSS in the treatment of intractable headaches in patients who present with pituitary microadenomas (nonsecreting and hypersecretory) and Rathke cleft cysts.
Fenestrated vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations
Authors: Albanese Erminia , Russo Antonino , Ulm Arthur J. 
Published: November 2008

Vertebrobasilar junction (VBJ) aneurysms are uncommon and are often found in association with basilar artery (BA) fenestration. The complex anatomical environment of the VBJ, and the complicated geometry of the fenestration make clipping of these aneurysms difficult. Therefore, endovascular treatment of these aneurysms is now widely accepted.
The authors describe the case of a 43-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia. She presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Digital subtraction angiography was performed and depicted multiple intracranial aneurysms. The patient had a left superior hypophysial artery aneurysm, a right superior cerebellar artery–posterior cerebral artery aneurysm, and a VBJ aneurysm associated with a fenestration of the BA. The VBJ aneurysm was not identified on the initial angiogram and was only revealed after 3D rotational angiography was performed. The 3D reconstruction was critical to the understanding of the complex geometry associated with the fenestrated BA. The VBJ was reconstructed using a combination endovascular technique. The dominant limb of the fenestration was stented and balloon-assisted coiling was performed, followed by sacrifice of the nondominant vertebral artery using coils and the embolic agent Onyx. Postoperative angiography demonstrated successful occlusion of the aneurysm with reconstruction of the VBJ.
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a fenestrated VBJ aneurysm treated with the combination of stenting, balloon remodeling, coiling, and vessel sacrifice. Three-dimensional angiography was critical in making the correct diagnosis of the source of the subarachnoid hemorrhage and with operative planning.
Thrombosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Diseases of Recent Onset
Authors: ROMERO-DÍAZ JUANITA , GARCÍA-SOSA ICELLINI , SÁNCHEZ-GUERRERO JORGE 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases of recent onset.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 482 patients, mean age 28.3 years, with SLE or other autoimmune diseases was analyzed. Followup started at diagnosis or first appointment within 12 months since diagnosis until the development of thrombosis, end of study, loss to followup, or death. Thromboses were diagnosed upon clinical manifestations and confirmed by appropriate studies. Clinical variables were retrieved from the medical records, and SLE activity was assessed from the medical notes at onset of thrombosis, or at a dummy date for thrombosis, using the SLE Disease Activity Index-2K.ResultsDuring 2936 patient-years of followup, thromboses occurred in 49 patients (20.3%) with SLE and 6 patients (2.5%) with other autoimmune diseases. The incidence rate of thrombosis was 36.3 and 3.8 per 1000 patient-years in SLE and in other autoimmune diseases, respectively; relative risk 9.6 (95% CI 4.1–27.4, p < 0.0001). Throughout the disease course, the risk of thrombosis remained high in the SLE group, while in patients with other autoimmune diseases this risk was lower. The incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis was similar among SLE patients and patients with other autoimmune diseases. SLE and venous insufficiency were associated with thromboses in the total study population, and with venous insufficiency, vasculitis, and disease activity in the SLE group.ConclusionPatients with autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE, are at an increased risk of thrombosis. In patients with SLE, the risk remains elevated throughout the course of the disease.
Is Diabetes Associated with Shoulder Pain or Stiffness? Results from a Population Based Study
Authors: COLE ANTONIA , GILL TIFFANY K. , SHANAHAN E. MICHAEL , PHILLIPS PATRICK , TAYLOR ANNE W. , HILL CATHERINE L. 
Published: November 2008

Objectives.To assess the association of shoulder pain and/or stiffness and diabetes mellitus in a population based cohort.Methods.Participants were randomly recruited from the North West Adelaide Health Study, a longitudinal, population based study. In the second stage, 3128 participants were assessed for diabetes mellitus and shoulder complaints via questionnaires, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), physical assessment, blood sampling for fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c levels.Results.Overall, 682 (21.8%) participants experienced shoulder pain and/or stiffness and 221 participants (7.1%) fulfilled criteria for diabetes mellitus. Those with diabetes had a higher prevalence of shoulder pain and/or stiffness (27.9% vs 21.3%; p = 0.025), and poorer SPADI disability subscore (p = 0.01) and total SPADI score (p = 0.02). After controlling for age, sex, obesity, and current smoking, the prevalence of shoulder pain and/or stiffness did not differ significantly between those with diabetes and those without (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.76–1.45), nor were there significant differences in the SPADI disability subscore (p = 0.39) or total SPADI score (p = 0.32) between the 2 groups. After adjustment for covariates, there was no association between higher levels of HbA1c and shoulder pain and/or stiffness (p > 0.8). Range of shoulder movement was significantly reduced in those with diabetes (p < 0.05).Conclusions.There is a higher prevalence of shoulder pain and/or stiffness in people with diabetes mellitus. The differences observed between those with diabetes and those without can largely be explained by the confounding factors of age, sex, obesity, and current smoking.
The Role of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: BRADY SHARMAYNE R.E. , de COURTEN BARBORA , REID CHRISTOPHER M. , CICUTTINI FLAVIA M. , de COURTEN MAXIMILIAN P.J. , LIEW DANNY 
Published: November 2008

ObjectivePeople with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. We investigated the relative contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to this elevated risk.MethodsFifty RA subjects and 150 age and sex matched controls attended a cardiovascular risk assessment clinic betweenMarch and July 2006. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the absolute risks of CVD (calculated from application of a Framingham risk equation) were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsCompared with the controls, RA subjects were more likely to smoke (p < 0.001), be physically inactive (p = 0.006), and have higher mean measurements of body mass index (p = 0.040) and waist circumference (p = 0.049). No significant differences were found in mean levels of plasma lipid or glucose, or in the prevalences of diabetes and hypertension. Overall, the mean absolute risk of CVD was higher in the RA group, even after excluding smokers (p = 0.036).ConclusionSmoking and physical inactivity are important risk factors in the management of cardiovascular risk among patients with RA. Subjects with RA seem to have higher absolute risks of CVD compared with controls, even independently of smoking. This highlights the importance of treating all modifiable risk factors in those with RA although, individually, few may be conspicuous.