bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying natural higher order aberration(s) in emmetropic human eyes and objectively evaluating retinal image quality
Authors: Gupta Vinay , Bari Aafreen , Anjum Shahnaz , Yadav Ankit , Saxena Rohit , Sinha Rajesh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThis study aimed to quantify the internal, corneal and total higher order aberrations (HOAs) in the healthy human eye using ray tracing technology in bright and dim light conditions. The study also aimed to evaluate the retinal image quality and contrast modulation at different spatial frequencies, objectively using image‐quality metrics derived from wavefront aberrations.MethodologyA cross‐sectional prospective observational study was conducted on 521 emmetropic young adults. HOAs including coma, trefoil, spherical aberration and secondary astigmatism were measured separately for the cornea, internal and total eye using a ray‐tracing wavefront aberrometer at mesopic and photopic pupil sizes. The Strehl ratio, derived from the point spread function (PSF), was used to evaluate the retinal image quality of the eye. Contrast modulation at spatial frequencies of 5, 10 and 15 cycles per degree was assessed through the modulation transfer function (MTF).ResultsMean age of participants was 25.4 ± 4.8 years (54.5% male). The total HOAs of internal, corneal and total eye were 0.186 ± 0.075, 0.191 ± 0.112 and 0.222 ± 0.075 μ, respectively for a 5‐mm pupil (dim light condition), and 0.069 ± 0.031, 0.061 ± 0.094 and 0.076 ± 0.031 μ, respectively, for a 3‐mm pupil (bright light condition). The Strehl ratio was 0.16 ± 0.124 (5 mm pupil) and 0.601 ± 0.19 (3 mm pupil). A normative database was created and correlations drawn for the HOAs, PSF and MTF (using image quality metrics) for the cornea, internal and total eye at mesopic and photopic pupil sizes.ConclusionThese findings provide normal population (young healthy adults) reference ranges for HOAs, retinal image quality and contrast modulation at higher spatial frequencies using ray tracing technology. The presence of these natural wavefront aberrations enhances the visual performance and may not need to be corrected. The separate assessment of aberrations and derived image quality metrics for the cornea, internal and total eye can serve as a benchmark for diagnosing and monitoring ocular conditions and allows targeted treatment planning.
LsBLH2–LsOFP6–LsKANT3 module regulates bolting by orchestrating the gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism in lettuce
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Qi Yetong , Wang Yong , Liu Jie , Lu Ruirui , Zhao Xinhui , Chen Ruiyu , Wang Yueji , Zhu Lei , Sun Shouru , Hu Jianbin , Yang Luming , An Guanghui 
Published: February 2025

SummaryLettuce is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. Bolting time is an important agronomic trait in lettuce production. Premature bolting reduces crop quality and marketability. Here, we genetically clone the LsBLH2 gene controlling bolting time in lettuce. LsBLH2 encodes a BEL1‐like homeodomain protein. In the late bolting parent, the LsBLH2 had a 1‐bp deletion in exon 1 which leads to a premature stop codon. CRISPR/cas9 knocking out and complementary tests showed that the loss‐of‐function of LsBLH2 delays bolting in lettuce. ChIP‐seq, gene expression and phytohormone analysis showed that LsBLH2 regulates the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and metabolism. LsBLH2 binds to the promoter of the LsGA20ox1 and LsGA2ox8 and regulates their expression, leading to the bioactive GA accumulation during the vegetative‐to‐reproductive phase transition. Both LsOFP6 and LsKNAT3 interact with LsBLH2 and regulate bolting in a LsBLH2‐dependent manner. LsOFP6 promotes, while LsKNAT3 suppresses the effects of LsBLH2 on GA biosynthesis during the transition and rosette stage in lettuce, respectively. In summary, the LsBLH2–LsOFP6–LsKANT3 module orchestrates bioactive GA accumulation to regulate bolting in lettuce, which provides insight into the bolting development process and offers new approaches for lettuce breeding to prevent premature bolting.
A Unique Signature for Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts in Melanoma Metastases
Authors: Tauch Saskia , Hey Joschka , Kast Bettina , Gengenbacher Nicolas , Weiß Lena , Sator‐Schmitt Melanie , Lohr Sabrina , Brobeil Alexander , Schirmacher Peter , Utikal Jochen , Augustin Hellmut G. , Plass Christoph , Angel Peter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent a central cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analyses of primary tumors of different cancer entities yielded different classifications of CAF subsets underscoring the heterogeneity of CAFs within the TME. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional signatures of approximately 8400 CAFs and normal fibroblasts by scRNA‐seq and compared genetic profiles of CAFs from murine melanoma primary tumors to CAFs from corresponding melanoma lung metastases. This revealed distinct subsets for primary tumor and metastasis‐specific CAF populations, respectively. Combined with the spatial characterization of metastasis CAFs at the RNA and protein level, scRNA analyses indicate tumor‐dependent crosstalk between neutrophils and CAFs, mediated via SAA3 and IL1b‐related signaling pathways, which can be recapitulated in vitro. Analyzing tissue sections of human patient samples, this interaction was found to be present in human melanoma metastasis. Taken together, our data highlight unique characteristics of metastasis CAFs with potential therapeutic impact for melanoma metastasis.
European Biometric Borders and (Im)Mobilities in West Africa: Reflections on Migrant Strategies for Border Circumvention and Subversion
Authors: Iwuoha Victor Chidubem 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the European biometric ID installations and securitization practices at West African borders harm African migrants and compromise the security goals of Europe and Africa. Using Niger's experience, I contend that migrants' poor adaption to the biometric border processes is closely connected to their identity conflicts, as well as their atomization and weakening of their social integration. The new border security measures are implicated in the state's criminalizing and dehumanizing practices which migrants and borderbrokers experience every day. I coin two concepts, namely, biometric reborderization and agentic deborderization, to draw close attention to ways by which the European biometric projects are significantly reconfiguring African borders. These borders now represent both a dynamic space for migration control, and contested sites of biometric circumvention and subversion by biometric noncompliant migrants who constantly negotiate alternative means for mobilities. Moral mobility agents contest/circumvent European biometric reborderization via the use of parallel border routes.Related ArticlesByrne, Jennifer. 2016. “Contextual Identity among Liberian Refugees in Ghana: Identity Salience in a Protracted Refugee Situation.” Politics & Policy 44(4): 751–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12169.Djeufack Dongmo, Aristophane, and Désiré Avom. 2024. “Urbanization, Civil Conflict, and the Severity of Food Insecurity in Africa.” Politics & Policy 52(1): 140–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12572.Garrett, Terence M., and Arthur J. Sementelli. 2023. “Revisiting the Policy Implications of COVID‐19, Asylum Seekers, and Migrants on the Mexico–U.S. Border: Creating (and Maintaining) States of Exception in the Trump and Biden Administrations.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 458–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12537.
Engagement and Disengagement: From the Basic Science of Emotion Regulation to an Anxiety Spectrum
Authors: MacNamara Annmarie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEmotion regulation strategies vary in depth of processing. For instance, reappraisal requires greater engagement than distraction. This affects short‐term and long‐term response to stimuli. In this review, I describe how the “engagement‐disengagement dimension” improves understanding of emotion regulation in normative contexts and in internalizing psychopathology. Part 1 reviews work from my laboratory and others, suggesting that relatively disengaged emotion regulation strategies (e.g., distraction), may have short‐term benefits (e.g., faster implementation), but may come with long‐term costs (e.g., increased processing of stimuli at subsequent encounter). Therefore, depending on the desired outcome, the adaptive selection of an emotion regulation strategy will be determined by extent of emotional engagement–disengagement. In Part 2, I describe how individuals with more comorbid internalizing psychopathology (e.g., multiple anxiety and depressive diagnoses) are characterized by disengagement from negative stimuli as measured by the late positive potential (LPP). In addition, I introduce a brain profile I have termed, HARM‐A (heightened “alarm” and reduced motivated attention), which is characterized by a combination of heightened “alarm” (i.e., increased amygdala) and emotional disengagement (i.e., blunted LPPs) in response to negative stimuli. HARM‐A prospectively predicts worse outcomes over 2 years in a mixed internalizing sample. As such, chronic disengagement from negative stimuli appears to contribute to more comorbid and more severe internalizing psychopathology. Overall, emotional disengagement can be beneficial in the short term but may be poorly suited to emotional coping in the longer term.
Logically Impossible Contents
Authors: Filcheva Krasimira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCan natural language represent logically impossible circumstances? Can there be logically impossible contents? The received view on semantic content allows for logically impossible contents. Much recent work in the philosophy of language and logic meant to account for hyperintensional phenomena also assumes that the answer to both of these questions is “yes.” I want to argue that this widespread assumption is indefensible. Representing the logically impossible in language, contrary to the dominant view in semantics, is not truly possible. The main argument for this position appeals to a highly plausible and minimal condition for the possession of semantic content. I call this the negative coherence condition. Any candidate's meaningful sentence S possesses semantic content only if the content of S is logically compossible with the content of the meaning‐constituting sentences associated with each of the descriptive constituent terms of S. However, the sentences of L thought to express logically impossible contents that cannot meet the negative coherence condition on semantic content. In an intuitive sense, sentences with logically impossible contents are incoherent with the conditions of their own meaningfulness.
The Effect of the Difficulties Faced by Palliative Care Nurses on Perceived Quality of Palliative Care: A Cross‐Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Öner Uğur , Cengiz Zeliha , Erol Ahmet 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study examined how the difficulties experienced by palliative care nurses while providing care affect the quality of palliative care perceived by nurses.BackgroundThe increase in chronic diseases with the ageing population has brought about a greater need for palliative care. Palliative care nurses play a central role in improving patients' quality of life, while also facing emotional and physical challenges. The impact of these challenges on nurses' job satisfaction and the quality of care provided constitutes a critical area of research for understanding the effectiveness of palliative care services.MethodThe study was conducted in a descriptive, cross‐sectional and correlational design with nurses working in palliative care services (N = 243) in Türkiye between October 2023 and March 2024. The data were collected through an introductory form, The Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale and the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale. The relationship between the two variables was examined using Pearson correlation analysis, while the impact of palliative care challenges and education level on perceived palliative care quality was investigated through multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsIn this study, the data were normally distributed and it was found that the nurses' total mean score was 72.42 ± 8.26 (min: 18—max: 90) on the Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale and 40.85 ± 10.50 (min: 15—max: 75) on the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale. Total mean palliative care quality score was found to be significantly higher among nurses with postgraduate degrees. Moreover, the palliative care difficulty scores were significantly higher for males, nurses with palliative experience of 1 year or less, and those who did not select the palliative care unit willingly. A negative correlation was observed between the nurses' quality of palliative care and their palliative care difficulties.ConclusionIt was seen that perceived quality of palliative care decreased as the difficulties encountered in palliative care increased. It is recommended to develop training programmes tailored for nurses and ensure continuous professional development to reduce the difficulties nurses face in palliative care and enhance the perceived quality of palliative care.
Early alloimmunization in an infant to red cell antigens—Rare but possible in the ‘right’ circumstances
Authors: Maddock Anwen , Warrington Sue , Lyver Amanda , Badami Krishna G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is rarely reported in infants less than 4–6 months of age.Methods/MaterialsBlood group and antibody screening used the gel card technique. All blood products were leukoreduced. All RBC doses transfused were group O, E‐neg, K‐neg but the pooled platelets transfused on day 45 and 61 included donors who were K‐pos, and that transfused on day 61 also included an E‐pos donor.ResultsWe report a group O neonate with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) who developed alloantibodies to E and K antigens at 65 days (9 weeks) of age.ConclusionHLH is an inflammatory, ‘hyperimmune’ state, and alloimmunization is more likely when inflammation is present. If significant inflammation is present, transfusions should be avoided if possible.
Evaluating modifiable hypertension risk in Nigerian adults—The Nigerian diet risk score
Authors: Batubo Nimisoere P. , Auma Carolyn I. , Moore J. Bernadette , Zulyniak Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsOur study aimed to derive and validate a diet risk score for clinical use in Nigeria to screen for hypertension risk and evaluate its association against a panel of cardiovascular biomarkers.MethodsThe Nigerian dietary screening tool was used to collect dietary intake data from 151 participants visiting the River State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, for routine medical care. Blood samples were collected from a subsample (n = 94) for biomarker assessment. Multiple logistic regression was used to derive the Nigerian diet risk score for hypertension. Internal validation of the Nigerian diet risk score for hypertension was performed using measures of discrimination and calibration. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the biomarker‐mediated effects of the diet risk score for hypertension on hypertension. All statistical analyses were performed in R.ResultsEach one‐point increment in Nigerian diet risk score (on a scale of 0 to 30) was associated with a twofold increase in odds of hypertension (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 3.58, p = 0.01), with the highest score associated with >18‐fold increased odds of hypertension, compared to lowest Nigerian diet risk score for hypertension. The score demonstrated good discrimination (area under the curve: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.00) with a high sensitivity (0.85) and specificity (0.94). Additionally, mediation analysis suggested that the association between Nigerian diet risk score for hypertension and blood pressure is partly explained by shared biological pathways that mediate cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐C, CRP and homocysteine levels.ConclusionThe resulting Nigerian diet risk score for hypertension is a valuable tool for clinicians to identify individuals at risk of hypertension, and will advance community efforts in the prevention and management of hypertension in Nigeria.
Thinking through an ethnography of infrastructure: Commonsensical reasoning, road sharing, and everyday infrastructural settlements
Authors: Latham Alan , Hitchings Russell , Nattrass Michael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs human geography debates about infrastructures grow in sophistication, there is a need to deepen the discussion of how we study them. This paper responds by presenting a project focused on how road users evaluate different ways of dealing with the same shared infrastructure. With reference to work on everyday critical reasoning, it works through the challenges of doing an ‘ethnography of infrastructure’ and offers a framework for further research on what we call the ‘infrastructural settlement’ involved. The project began by accompanying regular cyclists on some of their rides in Carlisle, UK, so as to identify situations when the right response to the infrastructure was ambiguous. Videos of these situations were then discussed with three types of road user in the same city. Attending to the commonsensical reasonings they reached for in these interviews, we argue, allowed the project to surpass an implied vision of those who travel on the road in specific ways as either having their own unique experiences or being more likely to compete than cooperate with one another. The result is a new picture of how road sharing is collaboratively achieved and an argument about putting effective research design at the heart of the current conversation about infrastructure.
Identification of a crosstalk between ClC‐1 C‐terminal CBS domains and the transmembrane region
Authors: Gaitán‐Peñas Héctor , Perez‐Gonzalez Anna Priscil·la , González‐Subías Marc , Zdebik Anselm A. , Gasull Xavier , Buey Rubén M. , Errasti‐Murugarren Ekaitz , Estévez Raúl 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCLC channels and transporters have large C‐terminal regions which contain two cystathionine β‐synthetase (CBS) domains. It has been hypothesized that conformational changes in these domains upon nucleotide binding modulate the gating of the CLC dimer. It is not clear how rearrangements that occur in the CBS domains are transmitted to the ion pathway, as CBS domains interact with the rest of the channel at multiple locations and some of these sites are not visible in recent solved cryogenic electron microscopy structures or are difficult to model using the AlphaFold server. Using ClC‐1 as a model, we started working with a described ClC‐1 mutation (H835R) located in the first alpha helix of the CBS2 domain which changes the voltage dependence of gating. We then identified several residues located in the disorganized loop after helix R (R‐linker) that revert the phenotype of this mutation. We additionally proved that R‐linker's function is connected to the CBS2 domain as current intensity, plasma membrane levels and gating defects of several R‐linker variants were corrected by adding the mutation H835R. Furthermore, cross‐linking studies using newly developed split‐cysless ClC‐1 channels containing specific cysteine mutants in the R‐linker and the CBS2 domain indicate that these two regions are in close contact. Considering these new results, we propose that conformational changes occurring in the CBS domains could be transmitted to the CLC intracellular chloride binding site by means of its interaction with the R‐linker.
imageKey points
CBS domains, which are present as pairs in CLC proteins, are involved in the regulation by nucleotides of CLC gating. It is not clear how CBS domains interact with different regions of the transmembrane (TM) region to regulate gating.
Using ClC‐1 as a model, we investigated how a mutation in the second CBS domain dramatically changes the voltage dependence of gating taking advantage of recently solved structures and AlphaFold models of CLC proteins.
Thus, we identified in the linker after helix R (R‐linker) several revertant mutations of the gating defects caused by a mutation in the second CBS2 domain and vice versa, indicating that these two regions functionally interact. These interactions were biochemically proven by employing cysteine cross‐linkings using a newly developed split‐cysless ClC‐1 channel.
Based on these findings we experimentally prove that the R‐linker is a key element for the transmission of the CBS conformational rearrangements to the TM region.
Mathematical-Programming-Based Optimization of Alkaline Water Electrolyzer for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Oliva Diego G. , Mussati Miguel C. , Schmidhalter Ignacio , Aguirre Pio A. , Morosuk Tatiana , Mussati Sergio F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen plays a crucial role in the energy sector toward sustainability and is essential for decarbonizing various sectors of national and international economics. Water electrolysis powered by renewable sources is an environmentally friendly way to produce hydrogen. However, there is room for improvement in the components’ design, dimensions, materials, and electrolysis system. This article focuses on model-based simultaneous optimization of geometric dimensions and operating conditions, such as cell temperature, electrolyte concentration, applied electrolyte pressure, and current density, in an alkaline water electrolysis process. A nonlinear mathematical programming optimization model has been developed. After successful validation against experimental results from the literature, the model was employed for optimization purposes using a gradient-based deterministic optimization approach. The study identifies the operating conditions and geometric dimensions that lead to maximizing cell efficiency and explores the impact of critical operating variables on the optimal solution. The model is implemented in gams software and solved using CONOPT.
Pore size control and tribological properties of oil-impregnated porous polyimide with similar porosity
Authors: Xu Zhengrong , Li Jinbang , Li Kai , Shi Chenchun , Cui Yuguo , Zhou Ningning , Hua Licheng , Xia Renliang , Qing Tao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pore size is critical to the oil storage performance and tribological properties of porous polyimide (PPI). To study the effect of pore size, four PPIs with different pore sizes and similar porosities were fabricated. The mechanical, oil-absorption and tribological properties of the PPIs were investigated. According to the results, PPIs with larger pores demonstrate faster oil absorption and a higher oil-filling rate. However, larger pores contribute to a rougher surface and lower oil retention. These dual effects result in PPIs with larger pores displaying a low friction coefficient at low speeds but a high friction coefficient at high speeds. The effect of pore sizes on EHD film and Stribeck curves were discussed from seepage effect and viscoelasticity of PPI, respectively. The permeability of the four PPIs was calculated based on mercury intrusion test results. Larger pores lead to higher permeability of PPI at lower pressure, which makes it easier to reduce thickness of EHD film, causing high friction and wear. The damping effect of PPIs, rather than viscous flow, results in the slight increase of friction coefficient at high speed under micro-oil lubrication. Considering the tribological and oil-absorption properties, preferred particle size of polyimide molding powder is 25-48 μm.