bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH ELEKTROOSMOSIS TERHADAP KUAT GESER TANAH LEMPUNG
Authors: D. Lydia  , S. Sahat  , P.Yonas  
Published: March 2024

Tanah lempung merupakan salah satu tanah bermasalah. Tanah dengan permebilitas rendah dan
kandungan mineral menyebabkan tanah memiliki kuat geser rendah. Tanah lempung bermuatan negatif,
hal ini mengakibatkan mudahnya unsur-unsur bermuatan positif masuk dan terikat didalamnya, salah
satunya adalah air. Dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, metode elektroosmosis membuat air yang
bermuatan positif mudah terikat oleh tanah lempung dan mengakibatkan tanah mengembang serta kuat
geser secara bersamaan akan turun. Berbagai penelitian stabilisasi tanah telah banyak dilakukan dan
penelitian ini merupakan rangkaian penelitian stabilisasi tanah liat dengan memanfaatkan beda
potensial. Penelitian elektroosmosis pada tanah lepung telah banyak dilakukan, dan hasilnya
menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada kuat geser tanah, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan secara
langsung dengan membandingkan dua jenis tanah lempung dan dilihat perbandingan dari metode yang
dilakukan dan hasilnya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian eksperimental dengan
menggunakan kotak terbuat dari bahan aclyric dengan menggunakan arus DC sebesar 5A 12V selama
tujuh hari . Pengujian mikro struktur, fisik dan mekanis diterapkan pada tanah asli untuk mengetahui
kondisi awal dari tanah. Setelah dilakukan elektroosmosis maka dilakukan pengujian mekanis untuk
mengetahui perubahan kuat geser pada tanah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perubahan yang
signifikan terhadap kedua tanah setelah tanah dilakukan elektroosmosis.
EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA DALAM MENURUNKAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN TANAH LEMPUNG DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KAPUR DOLOMITE
Authors: Novi Ayu Setyaningtyas  , Indah Ayuliani  , Ir. D. Budi Setiyadi  , Dr. Ir. Maria  Wahyuni  
Published: March 2024

Tanah menjadi bagian penting dan menjadi dasar dalam suatu struktur atau konstruksi, baik konstruksi
bangunan, jalan, maupun infrastruktur lain. Sifat-sifat dan jenis tanah di lapangan bervariasi, sebagai
contoh adanya tanah ekspansif yang mempunyai sifat mudah mengalami pengembangan dan
penyusutan. Sifat ini mampu merusak bangunan yang berdiri di atasnya. Sampel tanah yang diteliti
adalah tanah di Lokasi X Kota Semarang dan dilakukan pengujian mineral X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF),
pengujian ukuran butiran tanah, index properties, atterberg limit, dan swelling test. Hasil uji XRF
menunjukkan mineral dominan adalah Si (silikon) sebesar 54,6%. Berdasarkan uji index properties
didapatkan nilai kadar air alami 21,83%, berat jenis tanah (Gs) sebesar 2,463 dan tergolong halloysite.
Uji atterberg limit menghasilkan nilai index plasticity (IP) sebesar 18,46% sehingga termasuk kategori
tanah dengan potensi pengembangan sedang dan agak ekspansif. Proses penelitian ini dilakukan upaya
stabilisasi dengan penambahan kapur dolomite (CaO + MgO), Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) dengan
masing-masing kadar 5%, 10%, 15%. Berdasarkan penambahan kapur dolomite kadar 5%, 10%, dan
15% memberikan hasil index plasticity sebesar 20,18%; 19,10%; dan 16,95%, dan berdasarkan
penambahan NaOH didapatkan nilai index plasticity yaitu 18,67%; 17,32%; dan 16,45%. Berdasarkan
bahan tersebut, hasil menunjukkan masing-masing bahan dengan penambahan kadar lebih besar mampu
memperbaiki karakteristik dan sifat tanah. Hasil nilai berat jenis tanah (Gs) kapur dolomite kadar 5%,
10%, 15% yaitu 2,79; 2,35; dan 2,16, Gs NaOH kadar 5%, 10%, 15% didapatkan hasil 2,73; 2,52; dan
2,31. Berdasarkan pengujian potensi pengembangan menggunakan alat konsolidasi, didapatkan hasil
swelling test tanah asli mengalami pengembangan 0,23 mm. Hasil swelling dengan penambahan bahan
kapur dolomite kadar 5%, 10%, 15% yaitu 0,14 mm; 0,13 mm; dan 0,05 mm. Hasil swelling test NaOH
sebesar 0,10 mm; 0,02 mm; 0,01 mm. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh maka bahan tambah yang
dianggap baik dan efektif untuk memperbaiki dan mengurangi tingkat pengembangan adalah NaOH
kadar 15%.
PERBANDINGAN PARAMETER KUAT GESER TANAH BERDASARKAN KORELASI HASIL PENYELIDIKAN LAPANGAN DENGAN UJI LABORATORIUM
Authors: I Made Aryatirta Predana  
Published: March 2024

Penyelidikan lapangan seperti Cone Penetration Test (CPT) atau uji sondir dan Standard Penetration
Test (SPT) sangat umum dilakukan dalam memenuhi persyaratan geoteknik untuk perancanaan
infrastruktur di suatu lokasi. Bila penyelidikan lapangan tersebut dilengkapi dengan pengujian sampel
tanah di laboratorium, informasi data-data sifat fisik dan mekanis tanah terutama kuat geser tanah akan
sangat berguna dalam memahami karakteristik tanah di lokasi tersebut. Namun, apabila hanya dilakukan
penyelidikan lapangan tanpa adanya pengujian laboratorium, terdapat alternatif untuk menggunakan
persamaan-persamaan korelasi berdasarkan studi-studi empiris yang telah dilakukan. Dalam penelitian
ini, parameter kuat geser tanah hasil korelasi uji lapangan dengan hasil uji laboratorium akan
dibandingkan untuk menganalisis akurasi dari penggunaan persamaan korelasi yang telah tersedia
tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan lima sampel tanah pada empat lokasi berbeda yang tersebar di area
Kota Denpasar dan Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali. Lima sampel tanah ini memiliki kelengkapan
data yang sama yaitu hasil uji sondir dan uji SPT sampai kedalaman lima meter serta minimum satu
hasil pengujian laboratorium di masing-masing lokasi. Hasil perhitungan dan analisis menunjukkan
bahwa penggunaan persamaan korelasi untuk mendapatkan parameter kuat geser tanah memiliki hasil
yang cukup jauh berbeda dengan hasil pengujian laboratorium dengan rentang selisih sekitar 10-35%.
Oleh karena itu, baik penyelidikan lapangan maupun pengujian laboratorium memiliki fungsi dan peran
saling melengkapi untuk memberikan pemahaman karakteristik tanah pada suatu lokasi secara
komprehensif. Pemahaman parameter tanah yang diperlukan dalam mendesain berperan sangat vital
untuk dapat menentukan kebutuhan penyelidikan tanah yang sesuai dengan fungsinya.
PEMANFAATAN ABU JERAMI SEBAGAI FILLER PADA CAMPURAN AC-WC TERHADAP STABILITAS DAN KUAT TARIK TIDAK LANGSUNG
Authors: Parea R. Rangan  , M. Tumpu  , Yohans Sunarno  , Mansyur  
Published: March 2024

Dalam pengembangan infrastruktur di daerah terpencil akan menghadapi persoalan keterbatasan
penggunaan bahan pengisi (filler) sebagai salah satu bahan bangunan yang tergolong langka. Dalam
penelitian ini akan dimanfaatkan material abu jerami sebagai bahan pengisi dalam campuran AC-WC.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model hubungan hubungan antara nilai stabilitas dan kuat
tarik tidak langsung (tegangan) campuran AC-WC yang mengandung abu jerami padi sebagai bahan
pengisi (filler). Penelitian ini berbentuk uji eksperimental di laboratorium. Kadar limbah abu jerami
padi yang digunakan yaitu senilai 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30%, 20 dan 10% dari berat total agregat.
Adapun kadar bitumen dalam campuran yaitu didapatkan dari proporsi agregat gabungan dan kadar
bitumen yang digunakan berdasarkan dari berat total campuran, sesuai persyaratan ketentuan campuran
laston lapis aus spesifikasi 2018 revisi 2. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah
merumuskan model hubungan antara nilai stabilitas dan kuat tarik tidak langsung (tegangan) campuran
AC-WC yang mengandung abu jerami padi sebagai bahan pengisi (filler).
PENGARUH PELAT SETRIP POLOS SEBAGAITULANGAN TARIK LONGITUDINAL TERHADAP KINERJA LENTUR BALOK BETON BERTULANG
Authors: Basuki Achmad , Bhayusukma Muhammad Yani , Purwanto Edy , Azam Mahasim 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh pelat setrip polos sebagai tulangan tarik longitudinal balok beton
bertulang terhadap kinerja lenturnya. Baja pelat setrip polos dipasang dalam posisi vertikal terhadap
sumbu balok. Tiga balok beton dengan tulangan tarik longitudinal berupa baja tulangan ulir dan tiga
balok beton dengan tulangan tarik longitudinal berupa baja pelat setrip polos diuji melalui pengujian
third-point loading. Geometri baja tulangan merupakan parameter utama yang diamati dalam penelitian
ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balok beton bertulang dengan tulangan pelat setrip polos
memiliki kapasitas lentur yang lebih rendah. Metode yang ditetapkan dalam SNI 2847:2019 digunakan
untuk memperkirakan kapasitas lentur balok. Hasil pengujian eksperimental menunjukkan bahwa balok
beton dengan tulangan baja pelat setrip memiliki indeks kapasitas yang lebih besar dibandingkan balok
beton dengan baja tulangan ulir. Saat beban maksimum tercapai, balok beton dengan tulangan baja pelat
setrip polos mengalami lendutan yang lebih besar. Kedua variasi balok memiliki pola retak serupa,
didominasi oleh retak lentur pada sepertiga tengah bentang lalu berkembang menjadi retak diagonal
setelah mencapai sisi tekan.
To Implement Reward and Punishment Methods for Cultivating Independent Character in Primary School Students: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Kurniawati Anisa , Sobry M. 
Published: March 2024

Aims: This study aims to: 1) analyze the implementation of reward and punishment in forming the independent character of elementary school students? 2) mapping the forms of reward and punishment used in forming the independent character of elementary school students.
Study Design: The study adopted a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Primary School State 1 Terong Tawah, West Lombok, Indonesia, between January 2023 and August 2023.
Methodology: The author conducted in-depth interviews with two people, namely the school principal and class teacher. Apart from that, the author also made observations. The analysis procedure follows the interactive analysis recommended by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, encompassing data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, the study employs data triangulation, including source triangulation and technique triangulation. Additionally, member checks contribute to data validation.
Results: The findings reveal: 1) The implementation of reward and punishment in shaping the independence character of primary school students involves two processes: (1) Planning or Preparation of Reward and Punishment; (2) Implementation of Reward and Punishment during Learning. 2) Various forms of rewards are applied, such as giving stars, expressing commendatory phrases, and providing additional grades. Meanwhile, the forms of punishment administered to primary school students vary according to the nature of the mistakes, including reprimands, advice, additional assignments, and motivational strategies that aid in character formation.
Conclusion: The reward and punishment methods used can be considered as methods that accommodate humanist values. Teachers do not provide punishment in the form of violence that has physical and psychological impacts.
First Fit Algorithm: A Graph Coloring Approach to Conflict-Free University Course Timetabling
Authors: Ogunkan Stella Kehinde , Idowu Peter Olalekan , Omidiora Elijah Olusayo , Oyeleye Christopher Akin 
Published: March 2024

Aims: Tackling scheduling issues with the most optimal graph coloring algorithm has consistently posed significant difficulties. The university scheduling problem can be expressed as a graph coloring problem, where courses are depicted as vertices and the connections between courses that have common students or teachers are represented as edges. Subsequently, the task at hand is to assign the vertices with the minimum number of colors. In order to accomplish this task, this paper present a graph coloring technique to conflict free university course timetabling using first fit algorithms.
Methodology: The conflict graph is partitioned into a set of independent color classes to be assigned time slots and transformed into a conflict-free timetable. The Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) University Course Timetabling Data was adopted. The allocation of venue based on the allotted time slots is done using first fit packing algorithm. The proposed model is implemented using Python programming language. The developed model had courses being represented as vertices and edges. The course conflict graph was created based on the acquired dataset using vertices-edges relationship diagram. The implemented model is evaluated in terms of Halstead complexity metrics: Program Volume (PV), Program Length (PL), Program Effort (PE), Program Difficulty (PD) and Execution Time (ET). The PV, PL, PE, PD and ET values obtained for the implemented model are 18.45kbits, 0.51, 1037684, 1.97 and 20.45 secs, respectively.
Conclusion: The proposed model shows a significant improvement over the existing models by producing conflict-free course timetabling problem with better evaluation results. This work will be highly useful in solving various scheduling, optimization and NP-hard related computational problems.
Exploration on the Mildew Conditions of Cladosporium asperulatum CY-H1, a Pathogenic Fungus on Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Feng Jiahui , Zhou Zuanzuan , Xiong Qingyu , Xiang Boka , Chen Chun 
Published: March 2024

Aims: Mildew poses a significant threat to tobacco industry. This study focuses on a strain of Cladosporium asperulatum isolated from moldy tobacco leaves to investigate its growth under different temperature and humidity conditions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for local prevention and control strategies against this fungus.
Methodology: Potential fungal strains were obtained from moldy tobacco leaves utilizing isolation techniques and individual colonies were cultured on PDA medium subsequently. Microscopic examination and molecular identification were employed to determine the species of the isolated strains. Isolated strain was initially inoculated with varying spore powder concentrations at water activities of 0.99, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.83, and 0.77, combined with diverse culture temperatures of 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C on PDA. The growth of colony area was daily measured by ImageJ software, and spore powder yield was observed after a 7-day incubation period under these specified culture conditions.
Results: (1) colony area of isolated C. asperulatum CY-H1 has a rising trend with increasing culture time at consistent temperatures. Sporulation exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease, yet overall demonstrated an upward trajectory. The maximum value was attained at a water activity of 0.95. Under identical water activity, escalating temperatures initially augmented colony area until reaching a maximum at 25°C. Similarly, spore production displayed an initial increase followed by a decrease, with the highest production occurring at 25°C. (2) Varied concentrations of initial spore suspension influenced colony growth differently. A high concentration (initially 106 spores/mL) exhibited an earlier growth trend compared to medium (105 spores/mL) and low concentrations (104 spores/mL). (3) C. asperulatum CY-H1 did not thrive under the culture conditions of 35°C, irrespective of the initial inoculation concentration and water activity.
Conclusion: C. asperulatum assumes a crucial role as a predominant mold in tobacco storage environments. Effective prevention of fungal mildew in stored tobacco leaves is achieved by maintaining temperatures exceeding 35°C and sustaining water activity below 0.77. These findings highlight the significance of environmental conditions in controlling mold growth during tobacco storage.
Effect of Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Aloe Vera
Authors: Nejatzadeh Fatemeh 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The effect of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and production of Aloe vera were conducted using factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Background: Vermicompost can be used in sustainable agriculture to support growing populations by increasing water holding capacity, nutrient supply, high porosity, adequate ventilation and drainage, and production of plant hormones that have beneficial effects on seed germination.
Methods: According to the RCBD method, treatments were included: four levels of vermicompost (V0: Control, V1: 75, V2: 150 and V3: 200 g per pot) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N0: control, N1: 500, N2: 1000, and N3: 1500 mg per pot) using urea.
Results: The results showed that application of 150 g of vermicompost and 1000 mg of nitrogen had the highest effect on growth traits, and application of 200 g of vermicompost and 1500 mg of nitrogen had the greatest effect on sucker characteristics, so that the highest number of suckers was obtained by using 200 g of vermicompost and 1000 and 1500 mg of nitrogen. However, simultaneous application of 150 g of vermicompost and 1000 mg of nitrogen had the greatest effect on plant height, number of leaves, and leaf diameter, and treatment with 200 g of vermicompost and 1500 mg of nitrogen had the greatest effect on the number of suckers, stem weight, number of leaves, sucker height, total biomass and Aloin content.
Conclusions: Therefore, simultaneous use of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer in Aloe vera cultivation plays an important role in the production and enhancement of sucker and plant yield.
Epidemiological Analysis of Patients with Vitreoretinal Diseases Undergoing Intravitreal Therapy at a Referral Hospital in the State of Pará
Authors: Moraes Evelly Christinne da Silva , Sobrinho Edmundo Frota de Almeida , Gonçalves Breno Yanaguibashi , Amorim Ryan Jorge , Guimarães Glenda Figueira , Nascimento Kelly Cristina Costa Guedes , Silva Paulo Armando Rosa Miranda da , Maia Camilla Castilho , Neto Francisco Dias Lucena , Coutinho Igor Jordan Barbosa , Oliveira Bruno Eduardo da Silva , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The intravitreal injection has become one of the most frequently performed invasive procedures in ophthalmology in the last few years. The intravitreal therapy with antiangiogenics is considered the first line of treatment for several retinal diseases through the inhibition of messenger RNA synthesis, transcription or direct blockade of action of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The most commonly used antiangiogenic agents today are: ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept and faricimab. Triamcinolone, a potent steroid, is also used in refractory cases. According to the Brazilian Retina and Vitreous Society, the pathologies most treated with anti-VEGF were Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), followed by Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and RVO.
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological impact of intravitreal therapy on patients with vitreoretinal diseases treated at the Hospital Universitário Bettina Ferro de Souza in Belém, Pará.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out. The medical records of 419 patients with vitreoretinal disease and indication of intravitreal therapy were analyzed between January 2018 and August 2023 in an Ophthalmological Reference Centre, evaluating visual acuity, sex, origin, age, injected eye, number of injections, substance injected and underlying disease, using the Chi-Square test of independence with the help of Excel (Microsoft Office) and Epi Info programs.
Results: Among the 419 patients evaluated and 540 eyes injected, the average age observed was 66.6 years, there was no predominance of sex and the majority of patients came from the State of Pará. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) was the most prevalent disease, followed by AMD and retinal occlusion. 68.3% at least started treatment and received one or more substances. AMD and DR correspond to 81.6% of injections administered and Ranibizumab is the most used drug, corresponding to 93% of injections. Considering visual acuity, an improvement was evident after therapy.
Conclusion: This work reinforced the difficulty in accessing ocular health and availability of intravitreal treatment with antiangiogenic drugs faced by these patients, worsening their visual prognosis. These medications have a high financial cost and a major impact on vitreoretinal diseases, therefore it is necessary to manage these patients, as well as the early diagnosis of different vitreoretinal disorders that can be treated with these medications, allowing the identification of the main etiologies prevalent in the Amazon region and helping to prevent these diseases.
Design, Simulation, Building, and Testing of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Drowsiness Detection, Vehicle Braking, and Alert System
Authors: Tushar Bezon Dey , Riyad Tarifuzzaman , Yazdi Quazi Reshoan , Islam Jariatun , Bhuyan Muhibul Haque 
Published: March 2024

Aims: The premier practical aspect of this research drive is to propose, build, simulate, and evaluate an Arduino-built automatic vehicle driver drowsiness detection and alert system.
Study Design: The pivotal role of a reliable braking system in vehicular safety cannot be overstated, particularly considering the escalating frequency of traffic accidents, notably prevalent in Indonesia where human factors take center stage as the primary accident catalyst. An insightful poll underscores physical fatigue or drowsiness while driving as the foremost concern. Acknowledging the nuanced disparities between conventional air systems and electric systems, this research strategically directs its attention toward crafting a new system characteristic that mirrors the efficiency of the existing systems.
Place and Period of Study: The research action engaged by the authors in a bunch of two students under the command of a professor as a part of one of his course capstone projects for the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering degree at the American International University Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors performed their investigative tasks at AIUB from June 2023 to January 2024.
Methodology: Recognizing the imperative to fortify vehicular safety, the integration of artificial intelligence emerges as a vital solution to assist drivers in ensuring the safety of individuals both within and outside the vehicle. This focused study, tailored specifically for Electric Vehicles (EVs), centers on the innovative application of object and distance identification methodologies to provide a comprehensive braking action indicator. Leveraging a minicomputer and a sophisticated neural network approach, images captured by a stereo camera undergo meticulous machine learning processes. This facilitates the precise categorization and measurement of distances between objects, with subsequent priority decisions determining the optimal degree of braking action. Employing an intelligent methodology, specifically fuzzy logic, the study demonstrates a successful outcome by constructing a curve while concurrently enhancing the dynamics of the pre-existing system. Moreover, a finely tuned Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal for braking, lasting 10 milliseconds, is intricately devised based on the study's discerning results.
Results: The system is simulated in Proteus and tested in real time to check its functionality. The outcomes of the test showed that the system can produce the appropriate signals based on the detection of any kind of driver’s drowsiness and can stop the car.
Conclusion: This comprehensive approach ensures the seamless replacement of components while concurrently elevating the overall performance of the braking system