bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney with humoral hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone‐related protein production
Authors: Papadakis Vassilios , Vlachopapadopoulou Elphis‐Athina , Levine Lenore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis is a report of a 7‐month‐old infant with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK). The patient (pt) demonstrated clinical and biochemical evidence of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). The hypercalcemia responded promptly to calcitonin treatment and tumor removal. Despite aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, the patient expired four months after diagnosis. The primary tumor displayed adenylate cyclase‐stimulating activity (ACSA) indicating the production of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) by the primary tumor. This is the first report of ACSA documented in a pt with RTK. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Letter to the editor: “Thoughts from SIOP 1993: Randomised trials of bone marrow transplantation in paediatric malignancy?”
Authors: Shaw Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHaving recently returned from the very successful SIOP meeting in San Francisco, several different thoughts expressed at the meeting lead me to the conclusion that we should be considering initiating a randomised trial of autologous Bone Marrow Transplant (ABMT) in patients with a “good,” not a bad, prognosis.
Developing a measure of health outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer: A review of the issues
Authors: Jenney Meriel E. M. , Kane Robert L. , Lurie Nicole 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe success of treatment for childhood cancer has prompted greater attention to issues of quality of life for the survivors. Work on health‐related quality of life has proceeded faster for adults than for children. This paper reviews the results of such work for adults and points to the potential for applications in children. Specific problems in adapting measures and in interpreting the results in the context of a child's development are discussed. An approach to the assessment of the health‐related quality of life for survivors of childhood cancer is proposed. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of HD‐MTX in infants, children, and adolescents with non‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Donelli Maria Grazia , Zucchetti Massimo , Robatto Lantonella , Perlangeli Vittoria , D'Incalci Maurizio , Masera Giuseppe , Rossi Mario R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective pharmacokinetic analysis was done of methotrexate serum levels after high‐dose treatment (HD‐MTX, four cycles at two‐week intervals of 5 g/sq.1m. over 24 h i.v.) in children with non‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with the specific aim of seeking differences in patients of different ages, including infants under one year.A total of 122 children (seven infants aged 3 months‐1 year, 26 children aged 1–3 years, 68 children aged 3–10 years and 21 adolescents aged 10–15 years) with normal liver and renal function, receiving consolidation therapy at the Pediatric Clinic of Monza between May 1988 and April 1992, were enrolled in this study. MTX was given as an intravenous infusion in 24 h and serum concentrations were measured up to at least 72 h after the start of infusion by an enzyme immunoassay (TDX Abbot, Dallas, TX) in order to modulate folinic acid rescue.Pharmacokinetic analysis of MTX levels according to a two‐compartment open model indicated that, compared to all children up to 10 years old, in adolescents older than 10 years the drug reached higher concentrations in serum and was cleared at a lower rate. Steady‐state levels and AUC were from 60% higher to more than double and the total clearance of the compound, expressed either per square meter surface area or per kg body weight, in each cycle was significantly lower in adolescents >10 years of age, sometimes being only one‐third of the clearance in infants (0.2 vs. 0.6 1/h/kg and 6.6 vs. 10.7 1/h/sq.m). The relationship between each age and systemic clearance was highly significant as measured by regression analysis. Methotrexate systemic clearance progressively decreased as a function of age. Subsequent treatments did not induce changes in MTX pharmacokinetics.These data suggest that the better tolerance of HD‐MTX in children may have a pharmacokinetic basis. The faster elimination of MTX in infants, who usually show the worst prognosis, suggests that full doses could be safely used in order to maximize the antileukemic effect without a high risk of toxicity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia: In vitro characterization before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Zecca Marco , Rosti Vittorio , Pinto Luciano , Comoli Patrizia , Carrà Anna Maria , Prete Luisella , Bonetti Federico , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Locatelli Franco , Cazzola Mario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn previously published studies on patients with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML), excessive proliferation of malignant monocyte‐macrophage elements and impaired growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors were demonstrated. A selective hypersentivity of granulocytemachrophage progenitors (CFU‐GM) to granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) seems to represent the main pathogenetic mechanism. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been demonstrated to be the only curative strategy for patients with JCML. In this study, we evaluated the growth of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors in semisolid cultures in two children with JCML before and after allogeneic BMT. Serum levels of GM‐CSF, interleukin‐1 (JCIL‐1) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were also assessed. IL‐1‐β, GM‐CSF and TNF‐α serum levels of the patients before and after BMT did not differ significantly from those obtained in 45 healthy controls. After marrow transplant, the engraftment of donor hematopoietic stem cell was associated with the disappearance of both pretransplant GM‐CSF hypersensitivity and CFU‐GM spontaneous growth. The inhibitory effect on the growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors also resolved. This confirms that the substitution of the pathological hematopoietic progenitors represents the basis for the curvative effect of allogeneic BMT in the treatment of JCML, abolishing both the excessive responsiveness of JCML progenitor cells even to very low concentrations of GM‐CSF and the growth‐inhibitory effect on normal hematopoiesis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation of primary pericardial mesothelioma
Authors: Stein Moshe , Neuman Avivit , Dale Janet , Drumea Keren , Ben‐Itzhak Ofer , Bar‐Shalom Rachel , Goldscher Dorit , Haim Nissim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough cardiac tamponade is a known complication of malignancy, it is rarely the initial manifestation. We report a 46‐year‐old male who presented with malignant cardiac tamponade 6 months prior to the definitive diagnosis of primary pericardial mesothelioma. A thorough literature search has not revealed a similar care. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Lung function and exercise capacity in survivors of childhood leukaemia
Authors: Jenney Meriel E. M. , Faragher E. Brian , Jones Patricia H. Morris , Woodcock Ashley 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe survival from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood is now approximately 60–70%, and from acute myeloid leukaemia, up to 50%. However, there is little information on the effects of intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in the treatment of these conditions on lung function and exercise capacity in the long term.Seventy survivors of acute leukaemia from one centre in the UK were studied. Measurements of lung volumes, spirometry and transfer factor were made. Each child also performed a standard, symptom‐limited maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Predictive equations for indices of lung function and exercise tolerance were calculated from 146 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. The results of the survivors of leukaemia were compared to these.There was a significant reduction of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), and transfer for carbon monoxide (DLCO;P< 0.05 for each measurement), in the survivors of leukaemia when compared to the control subjects. In addition, there was a mild but significant reduction of both maximal and submaximal indices of exercise capacity in the leukaemic group. A multivariate analysis was carried out to identify those variables acting independently to reduce lung volumes. For FEV1, FVC and TLC, these were craniospinal irradiation, cyclophosphamide and chest complications during treatment. For a reduction in DLCO, the significant factors were administration of anthracyclines, craniospinal irradiation and bone marrow transplantation.Survivors of acute leukemia have impaired pulmonary function and exercise capacity. Long‐term cardiopulmonary follow‐up may be necessary and new regimens devised which reduce long‐term toxicity without compromising survival rates. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Intracranial large vessel vasculopathy and anaplastic meningioma 19 years after cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Foreman Nicholas K. , Laitt Roger D. , Chambers E. Joanna , Duncan Andrew W. , Cummins Brian H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA child was diagnosed in 1969 as having acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and received chemotherapy. On bone marrow relapse in 1973, he was treated with cranial irradiation (20 Gy) in addition to chemotherapy. He continues in complete remission 19 years after his relapse. At age 25 years, he presented with headaches and left hemiparesis. Computerised tomograph demonstrated a large, enhancing right‐sided intracranial tumour. Angiography was performed and showed the right internal carotid artery was occluded. Most of the right hemisphere was supplied from the external carotid via the middle meningeal artery. The left posterior cerebral artery and the left anterior cerebral artery were absent presumably as a result of radiation‐induced arteritis. A resection of an anaplastic meningioma arising from the right sphenoidal ridge was achieved. There was a rapid improvement in function and he returned to work. Vasculopathy of the large intracranial arteries has been described after high dose radiation. It may occur as in this case after moderate dose radiation. There is a correlation with meningioma. There is a possibility that large artery vasculopathy will be present in a proportion of patients irradiated for ALL. The long lag time between irradiation and the development of meningioma may mean that, as survivors of childhood ALL enter their third decade since cure, this tumour may be seen increasingly. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Incidence of Bone Marrow Involvement in Ewing's Sarcoma: Value of Extensive Investigation of the Bone Marrow
Authors: Oberlin Odile , Bayle Chantal , Hartmann Olivier , Terrier‐Lacombe Marie José , Lemerle Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurpose: Bone marrow (BM) status is a critical matter when intensified chemotherapy with bone marrow rescue is proposed to improve the survival of patients with poor prognosis Ewing's sarcoma (ES): metastatic or relapsing disease. A systematic bone marrow investigation was performed in all the patients with newly diagnosed ES or relapsing ES to assess their BM status. Patients and Methods: From January 1985 to February 1989, 59 untreated patients and five patients at the time of relapse had a bone marrow investigation under general anesthesia: two BM biopsies and two BM aspirates until May 1986, then two BM biopsies and 10 BM aspirates. The classical method of smearing each BM aspirate was compared to cytocentrifugation of the pool of BM samples after gradient density separation.Results: The BM was involved in 13 of 59 untreated patients. BM was the single site of metastatic spread in only one patient but was involved in 52% of the patients with metastatic disease at other sites. This involvement was focal in several patients and frequent discrepancies were noted between the aspirates and biopsies at the various sites explored. The number of positive cases of BM involvement discovered by the two methods is somewhat limited. However preliminary results indicate a superior rate of positive smears with the pool technique which did however fail to detect involvement in some cases.Conclusions: The present study indicates that 1) BM involvement is a frequent event in metastatic ES (52%); 2) is often multifocal and therefore requires extensive BM investigation; and 3) further investigation of the pool technique to facilitate the BM screening is warranted. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.
Male Gonadal Function After Chemotherapy in Survivors of Childhood Malignancy
Authors: Mustieles Carmen , Muñoz Arturo , Alonso Milagros , Ros Purificación , Yturriaga Rafael , Maldonado Soledad , Otheo Enrique , Barrio Raquel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigations of adult patients have shown that chemotherapy causes gonadal damage, but much less information is available about the impact of chemotherapy on gonadal function in children with malignant disease. At one time, being prepubertal during therapy was thought to confer some protection against chemotherapy induced gonadal damage. However, recent studies have indicated otherwise.We designed this study to assess gonadal function in 15 postpubertal males who had received polychemotherapy for a malignant disease during childhood and we compared them with 13 control adults males.The mean age of the patients at the time of the study was 18.2 ± 3.6 years (range 13.8–29.0), and when given chemotherapy treatment was 10.2 ± 3.0 years (range 6–16). At that time 12 were prepubertal and at the time of the study all were Tanner V. The mean interval from the completion of treatment until the study was 6.42 years (range 2.0–16.5). All patients had received polychemotherapy. We evaluated testicular size, sperm counts, LH and FSH after GnRH test, and testosterone levels. Puberty had progressed normally in all patients. We found no significant differences in testosterone and basal LH levels between patients and controls. However, we detected an appreciable difference in peak LH levels (P < 0.05) and in basal and peak FSH levels (P < 0.001). Seven patients had exaggerated LH response to GnRH, indicating dysfunction of the Leydig cells. The results of semen analyses were: 8 patients had azoospermia, 3 oligospermia, and 1 patient had a normal semen analysis. All patients with semen abnormalities presented a basal and peak FSH higher than the mean +2 SD of the control group. In summary, we found no evidence of gonadal protection in prepubertal patients. We found a high incidence of germinal cell damage, whereas Leydig cell abnormalities were found less often. An endocrine study of patients that have received chemotherapy is warranted. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.
Combination Chemotherapy With Vinblastine, Bleomycin, Cisplatin, and Etoposide (VBPE) in Children With Primary Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Chang Te‐Kau , Wong Tai Tong , Hwang Betau 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have treated 13 children with primary intracranial germ cell tumors with the combination of vinblastine, bleomycin, cisplatin, and etoposide, the so‐called VBPE regimen in the past seven years at one institution. The clinical diagnosis of these children were: three germinomas, seven non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors, and three recurrent non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors without previous chemotherapy. Of this group, three germinomas and three non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors were treated primarily with VBPE plus radiotherapy. All of them responded completely, and were free of tumor. Primary VBPE regimen without radiotherapy was used in another four non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors. After six courses of VBPE regimen, only one of the four patients achieved complete response for 30 months. VBPE regimen was used as salvage chemotherapy in three recurrent non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors without previous chemotherapy. After six courses of VBPE regimen, two had complete response for 58+ months and 78+ months respectively. We concluded that in newly‐diagnosed intracranial non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors, the combination of chemotherapy VBPE regimen and radiotherapy led to good results. Primary chemotherapy with VBPE alone was not adequate for the treatment of non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors. However, VBPE regimen might be one of the salvage therapies for recurrent germ cell tumors without chemotherapy before relapse. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroblastoma IV‐S Followed by Extra‐Adrenal Pheochromocytoma 15 Years Later
Authors: López‐Andreu Juan A. , Castel Victoria , Verdeguer Amparo , Muro M. Dolores , Esquembre Carlos , Ferrís Josep 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCommon origin of sympathoblasts and pheochromoblasts from the neural crest cells is generally accepted. Neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma result from an abnormal proliferation of these committed cells. They are included in the group of neuroendocrine neoplasms, formerly named Apudomas. Previous reports of mixed tumours of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma, and ganglioneuroma and pheochromocytoma, support this hypothesis.A case of extra‐adrenal pheochromocytoma in an adolescent who 15 years before was successfully treated for a stage IV‐S neuroblastoma without evidence of primitive tu mour is reported. Two hypothesis are formulated: (1) the second neoplasm may have arisen from the unlocated primitive tumour, probably silent evolution could be due to its maturation into ganglioneuroma‐pheochromocytoma; (2) taken into account a common origin of both neoplasms, the patient may have a genetic predisposition to develop neuroendocrine tumours. Whatever the mechanism, second neoplasms, as the case reported, late relapses, and late toxic effects may justify long follow‐up of neuroblastoma survivors. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.
Granisetron as antiemetic therapy in children with cancer
Authors: Craft A. W. , Price L. , Eden O. B. , Shaw P. , Campbell R. , Pierce D. M. , Murdoch R. , Upward J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of the new 5HT‐3 antagonist granisetron as an antiemetic in children with cancer was evaluated in 40 children at a single dose of 40 μg/kg. No adverse affects attributable to the granisetron were noted. The overall major and complete response rate was 82.5% and this was highest in the younger children. Only 2 patients showed no response. Pharmacokinetic studies showed associations between some pharmacokinetic parameters and age which were no longer apparent after normalisation for body weight.Granisetron is an effective and very well tolerated antiemetic and appears to be an important addition to the supportive care available for children with cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation in the use of ondansetron as an antiemetic drug in children treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Ninane Jacques , Ozkaynak M. Fevzi , Kurtin Paul , Siegel Stuart E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSelective 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists such as ondansetron are potent antiemetics for chemotherapy‐induced emesis. Ondansetron has been shown to be highly effective in preventing nausea and vomiting in children treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, its high cost may limit its application. A “physician profile” provided by the hospital pharmacy and a questionnaire survey conducted amongst the attending physicians of the hematology/oncology division of a Children's hospital showed wide variation in ondansetron use. This variation was evident for both the indications of use and the schedule of administration. Moreover, 80% of the physicians were not aware of the actual cost of ondansetron. In order to reduce this variation, which may affect the quality of care and increase costs unnecessarily, guidelines have been developed for the use of antiemetic drugs in pediatric oncology patients at this institution. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematologic toxicity during craniospinal irradiation: The impact of prior chemotherapy
Authors: Marks Lawrence B. , Cuthbertson David , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of hematologic toxicity during craniospinal radiation (CSI) and the impact of preirradiation chemotherapy on this frequency. The charts of 37 patients who received CSI were reviewed. Twenty did not have prior chemotherapy (CT—), while 17 did receive 1 to 18 (mean 5) cycles of multi‐agent systemic chemotherapy (CT+). Leukopenia/thrombocytopenia necessitating treatment interruptions occurred in 1/20 (5%) in the CT— group, compared to 8/17 (47%) among the CT+ group. This difference was statistically significant, P < 0.0001 (Fisher's exact two‐tailed test). The duration of treatment interruption in the CT+ patients was 4–24 days (mean 14). Compared to the CT— group, the CT+ group had a statistically significant greater decline in their white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, and hematocrit (HCT) during CSI (percent reduction per Gy; (P = 0.018, 0.006, and 0.047, respectively). Although not statistically significant, the CT+ group also experienced lower nadir ratios (nadir count/baseline count) in terms of WBC and platelets (P = 0.07 and 0.22, respectively). While the mean pretreatment baseline blood counts were lower in the CT+ group compared to the CT— group, these differences reached statistical significance for the HCT (P = 0.02), but not the WBC (P = 0.59) or platelets (P = 0.43). Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are very common in patients who receive craniospinal irradiation following multi‐agent systemic chemotherapy. This appears to be due to more rapid and marked reductions in counts during CSI. Since this toxicity may cause treatment interruptions that are potentially therapeutically disadvantageous, aggressive hematologic support with transfusions and growth factors may be necessary. This problem may become more common as combined modality therapy is used more frequently. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral methotrexate and alternate‐day prednisone for low‐risk langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Womer Richard B. , Anunciato Kelly Raff , Chehrenama Mahan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany treatments for low‐risk Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involve unpleasant side‐effects or risks of late effects. To provide treatment with minimal toxicity and no known risk of late effects, we have used oral alternate‐day prednisone (PDN, 40 mg/sq.m./day) and weekly methotrexate (MTX, 20 mg/sq.m. once weekly) in a series of 13 children with 17 episodes of LCH. Patients were monitored with monthly physical examinations, blood counts and chemistry panels, and radiographs and scans obtained at the treating physician's discretion. Patients who responded had the prednisone tapered and MTX discontinued after three months of treatment. Recurrences while treatment was being tapered, or after its discontinuation, were managed with resumption of MTX and PDN. Treatment was successful in 16 of the 17 episodes, meaning that symptoms resolved and abnormal physical or radiographic findings improved. Symptomatic relief occurred in two weeks or less in 14 of 17 episodes; objective improvement generally occurred within one month, and in all cases by three months. The median duration of treatment was 5 months. Toxicity was limited to slight, transient elevations in hepatic enzymes in three patients. We conclude that oral chemotherapy with alternate‐day PDN and weekly MTX is effective and non‐toxic in patients with low‐risk LCH. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.