bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Feasibility of Selection-Based Multiple-Value Management on Private Lands in the South: A Heuristic Case Study Approach
Authors: McIntyre R. Kevin , Jack Steven B. , McCall Barrett B. , Mitchell Robert J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over the last 10 years, multiple-value, ecosystem-based approaches to management on public forestlands have become more prevalent. However, less attention has been paid to this concept in the private sector. Although it is recognized that nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners own forestland for a diversity of reasons, information on management approaches that seek to more fully meet multiple objectives is needed, particularly for southern US pine forests. Alternatives to plantation management are available, but little information exists on the economic implications so that NIPF landowners can make informed decisions regarding implementation. This study develops a simple economic model as a heuristic tool to compare financial performance of extensive, multiple-value management approaches. The 50-year projection illustrates that, although not equal to more intensive management systems by some economic performance metrics, multiaged, selection-based alternatives can provide substantial net cash flow, maintain significant timber volume, and have comparable total value.
Planning Strategies for Community Wildfire Defense Design in Florida
Authors: Brzuszek Robert , Walker Jason , Schauwecker Timothy , Campany Chris , Foster Marc , Grado Steve 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
New community developments in the wildland-urban interface can be planned to minimize loss of property and life to wildfire through multiple defensive strategies. This research examines three communities impacted by the 1998 Florida wildfires and compares the physical context and development patterns of these communities to three recently designed Florida subdivisions that incorporate Firewise principles. Analysis of the relationship of wildfires to the physical context and development patterns of affected residential communities provides the framework by which the two groups of communities are compared. Findings show that incorporating multiple defensive strategies in community planning, including taking advantage of road location, utility corridors, greenbelts, and existing wetlands, may be effective in wildfire defense. The comparative analysis concludes with design and layout considerations for community development in the southeastern United States.
Reducing Hazardous Fuels on Nonindustrial Private Forests: Factors Influencing Landowner Decisions
Authors: Fischer A. Paige 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In mixed-ownership landscapes, fuels conditions on private lands have implications for fire risk on public lands and vice versa. The success of efforts to mitigate fire risk depends on the extent, efficacy, and coordination of treatments on nearby ownerships. Understanding factors in forest owners' decisions to address the risk of wildland fire is therefore important. This research uses logistic regression to analyze mail survey data and identify factors in forest owners' decisions to reduce hazardous fuels in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ecosystem on the east side of Oregon. Results suggest that owners who live on or near their land and are aware of wider landscape conditions may be important partners in fire risk mitigation and forest restoration. Results also suggest that incentives, including markets for wood products (e.g., logs and biomass) that come from fuels reduction treatments, are important for harnessing owners' potential to mitigate fire risk.
A Real-Time Risk Assessment Tool Supporting Wildland Fire Decisionmaking
Authors: Calkin David E. , Thompson Matthew P. , Finney Mark A. , Hyde Kevin D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Development of appropriate management strategies for escaped wildland fires is complex. Fire managers need the ability to identify, in real time, the likelihood that wildfire will affect valuable developed and natural resources (e.g., private structures, public infrastructure, and natural and cultural resources). These determinations help guide where and when aggressive suppression is required to protect values and when fire may be allowed to burn to enhance ecosystem conditions. This article describes the primary components of the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS), a geospatial decision support system developed by the US Forest Service. WFDSS provides state-of-the-art wildfire risk analysis, decision documentation, and long-term implementation planning. In particular, we describe how the two primary decision support analysis components of WFDSS, Fire Spread Probability (fire behavior) and Rapid Assessment of Values at Risk (resource assessment), fit into the current state of risk assessment tools for wildfire suppression decisionmaking.
Forest Nursery Practices in the United States
Authors: Abbott Herschel G. , Fitch Stanley D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1974, non-commercial forest nurseries shipped one billion plants, an increase of 6 percent over 1964. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) production exceeded that of all other species combined. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was the leading hardwood. Cultural changes at nurseries during the decade 1965-74 include: increased mechanization in harvesting seedlings, greater dependence on chemical weed control, and more use of soil sterilants and hydromulches. Production of genetically improved planting stock, especially of loblolly and slash pines, increased significantly. A few nurseries were propagating container-grown seedlings in 1974.
Forestry--for America's Future
Authors: Kimball Thomas L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forestry trends of recent decades seem likely to continue. With good management, total forest acreage will remain more or less constant, but administrators of private as well as public lands must become increasingly people-oriented, and must minimize the adverse environmental effects of timber management. To forestall management by legislative prescription, foresters should establish criteria for good practices and improve their public relations.
Habitat Requirements of the Pileated Woodpecker in Northeastern Oregon
Authors: Bull Evelyn L. , Meslow E. Charles 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nesting, feeding, and territorial activities of the pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus L.) were observed in the spring and summer of 1973 and 1974 in northeastern Oregon. The 13 nests found in a 28,000-acre area were in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) snags greater than 23 inches in d.b.h. Pileated woodpeckers fed primarily in dead wood in snags, logs, and naturally created stumps. Both nest trees and feeding sites were in concentrations of snags and in the most dense forest types. Minimum nesting territories were estimated at 320 acres.
SPBRAP--An Integrated Research and Applications Program
Authors: Leuschner William A. , Thatcher Robert C. , Payne Thomas L. , Buffam Paul E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., is considered the most destructive insect enemy of southern pines. Current control technology is not consistently effective. Land managers desire safe and economically feasible controls, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture has initiated the five-year Southern Pine Beetle Research and Applications Program (SPBRAP) in response.
Long-Term Effects of Repeated Logging on an Appalachian Stream
Authors: Patric J. H. , Aubertin G. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Watershed 2 on the Fernow Experimental Forest has been logged four times since the turn of the century. While little is known of how streams were affected by logging after 1901 or during World War II, the effects of diameter-limit cutting in 1958 and 1972 are well documented. Both cuts caused small increases in streamflow but had little effect on water quality by any criterion except turbidity, which was increased by poorly located and ill-managed logging roads. The evidence suggests that if responsible road practices are followed, continued diameter-limit cutting will not harm forest streams.
Rapid Survey Guide for Forest Wildlife Habitat Improvement
Authors: Puglisi Michael J. , Hassinger Jerry D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An acetate visual can help the resource manager conceptualize habitat diversity and aid in determination of basic habitat deficiencies. The system is easily adapted to differing habitats by listing the important food and cover types in the area and deciding on an adequate distribution of these types in terms of wildlife needs, intensity of management desired, and the opportunitites for habitat development within the framework of the primary resource to be managed.
Advances in Information Systems and Services for the Forestry Community
Authors: Dwinell L. David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The information needs of research scientists, subject specialists, and practicing foresters are complex and can best be met by integrated information service networks such as PACFORNET. PACFORNET is confined to the Pacific Coast, but computerized information retrieval can be obtained nationwide. Computer-based bibliographic systems are particularly valuable to scientists and subject specialists. Announcement services for applied literature are of particular value to nonresearch foresters. Both services require good document delivery from university and government libraries.
Characteristics of Storage Trees Used by Acorn Woodpecker in Two California Woodlands
Authors: Gutiérrez R. J. , Koenig Walter D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) was found to store acorns in the largest pines in two California pine-oak woodlands. Storage trees, which are often snags, are critical to this bird's habitat, and foresters should retain them whenever possible.
Financial Efficiency of the 1974 Forestry Incentives Program
Authors: Mills Thomas J. , Cain Daria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The primary goal of the Forestry Incentives Program is to increase timber production in a cost-effective manner. Evaluation of a 9-percent sample of assistance cases in the 1974 program year indicated that the financial return and total yield increase were high on the average but low in some program segments. Five recommendations are proposed to improve performance.
Predicting Weight Yields of West Virginia Mountain Hardwoods
Authors: Frederick Douglas J. , Gardner William E. , Kellison Robert C. , Brenneman Bruce B. , Marsh Paul L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Whole-tree utilization of all stems greater than 2 inches in d.b.h. increased weight yields 32 percent over conventional harvesting to a 4-inch top diameter. outside bark. Use of tops of merchantable trees alone increased utilization by over 25 percent. Regression equations incorporating stand averages of basal area, diameter, merchantable height, and number of stems can predict biomass yields and percentage increase in yields with whole-tree utilization.
Inventorying Recreation Potentials On Dispersed Tracts
Authors: Burnett G. Wesley , Conklin David G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An inventory method for describing and quantifying certain landscape attributes has proven valuable for classifying scattered and heterogeneous tracts for their recreational potential. The method has been applied on more than 10,000 tracts totaling nearly 5 million acres in Montana. It is inexpensive, rapidly provides usable data, requires a minimum of specialized training, and may be adaptable to a wide variety of landscape and tract sizes. Observable landscape characteristics are used to identify and evaluate actual and potential land uses, recreational, cultural, physical and esthetic features, and feature combinations.
World Forestry: Forest Harvesting Research in Norway
Authors: Carson Ward W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Norwegian Forest Operations Research Institute recently expedited work to improve the economics of harvesting in the mountainous areas of Norway. Early in this program the Norwegians and the U.S. Forest Service arranged a scientist exchange to share research experience on mountain logging in these areas. The first step in the exchange was to transfer computer-based logging planning technology to the Norwegians. They intend to apply this technology to one segment of their research, which includes interesting harvesting strategies and equipment development as well.
Recreation Benefit Estimation by Consumers' Surplus: A Further Note
Authors: Binkley Clark S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The theoretical underpinnings of the consumers' surplus methodology for estimating recreation benefits are sound. Recent criticism of this method is overstated and misleading. While some practical and theoretical difficulties continue to impede routine application, the method remains the preferred one for measuring the monetary value of products which are not traded in dollar terms.
World Forestry: Forest Research and Education in Japan
Authors: Matsui Mitsuma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forest research and education began to take modern form about 100 years ago, and extension work is about 30 years old. One national institute, 50 prefectural organizations, many schools, and some private companies conduct research in most phases of forestry and timber utilization. Four-year courses in forestry and engineering are offered at 26 schools, which currently enroll almost 5,000 students. Extension foresters are stationed in all prefectures and give advice to landowners, including those who are heirs to forest property. Efforts are made to acquaint school children and the general public with the benefits of forests.
Identifying Infected Ponderosa Pine Stumps to Reduce Costs of Controlling Armillaria Root Rot
Authors: Roth Lewis F. , Rolph Leonard , Cooley Sally 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Root rot of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) caused by Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex. Fr.) Quél, can be controlled by removing the stumps that support the fungus in the soil. Concentration of effort on those old-growth stumps and roots most likely to be infected can help reduce control costs. In studies in south-central Washington, identification of infectious stumps was uncertain when based on appearances of the stumps alone. Some distinction was possible on the basis of age, older stumps being infected more often than recent stumps. Small dead trees near the stumps, or at the fringe of root spread, accurately indicated infection in the stump, but often seedlings remained uninfected around diseased stumps. Root rot is most evident in pole-sized timber; most large stumps in or near pockets of disease in this timber are infected and, in stands under management, are appropriate for treatment.
World Forestry: Watershed Management in Pakistan--Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Megahan Walter F. , Chima Amjad M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Past and present land use has seriously impaired the hydrologic function of most upland areas in Pakistan. Damages from flooding, erosion, sedimentation, and loss of productivity have created a crisis situation that cannot be ignored. Remedial measures have been taken but reach more needs to be done.
Survey Research in Recreation Management--Pitfalls and Potentials
Authors: Schreyer Richard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While studies of recreation users are numerous, applications of findings are not. Managers and researchers do not always agree as to what information is useful, recreation management systems do not realistically reflect behavioral considerations that are important to the user, and the political atmosphere surrounding a management situation often affects the degree to which research may actually influence decisions. Understanding recreation behavior as an "experience" can increase the utility of survey information. Where decisions may be controversial, survey research will not identify which decision should be made, but may shed light on the implications of alternative decision options.
Allelopathy: A Potential Cause of Regeneration Failure
Authors: Fisher Richard F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Allelopathy is the interference of one plant with another through substances produced by the plant and released into the environment. A rapidly growing body of data suggests that allelopathy is often important in the survival and growth of trees in both plantations and natural stands. An awareness of this phenomenon, and its potential effects on regeneration and site productivity, is essential in the practice of intensive silviculture.
Public Campgrounds: Are They Profitable?
Authors: Gibbs Kenneth C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A detailed cost analysis on 111 USDA Forest Service (Region 6) campgrounds in the Pacific Northwest indicated that managing the average campground costs from $0.28 to $3.01 per recreation visitor-day (RVD), the amount depending on level of development. Revenue per RVD ranged from 0 to $0.27. Campers are currently being subsidized $12 million in taxes annually in this region alone--from $2.07 to $22.27 for an average family (3.7 people) per 24 hours. Cost implications of four possible management goals reflecting varying levels of subsidization (from 0 to total) are examined.
Fish, Roots, Game, and Trade in the Columbia Plateau
Authors: Knudson Ruthann 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Traditionally, the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest was inhabited by Native Americans who spoke different languages but shared major cultural patterns. They lived on localized but reliable food resources such as salmon and camas roots, and shared access to those resources while assigning stewardship rights to them. Their pattern of winter villages and dispersed summer task group camps, complemented by special gatherings of friends, relatives, and trading partners at fishing sites and root grounds, allowed them maximum flexibility in dealing with a diverse and sometimes lean environment.
Regenerating Adirondack Northern Hardwoods By Shelterwood Cutting and Control of Deer Density
Authors: Kelty Matthew J. , Nyland Ralph D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Shelterwood cuttings to regenerate old-growth northern hardwoods in the Adirondack Mountains reduced the overstory to 50 square feet per acre of basal area. Precutting application of herbicides had killed understory vegetation composed predominantly of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Intensive hunting had reduced deer density from 27 to 14 per square mile. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) dominated regeneration two years after seed cutting, but yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) was tallest on more sample milacre plots six and ten years after seed cutting. At age 10, tallest saplings averaged 12 feet in height and 0.8 inch d.b.h., and 4,800 stems per acre had grown above 8 feet. Beech was present only in small numbers and tallest on no more than 20 percent of plots at all ages. Seed cutting, herbicide treatments, and deer density control successfully favored yellow birch and sugar maple over less desirable beech.
Important Factors in the Forestry Innovation Process
Authors: Moeller George H. , Shafer Elwood L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Analysis of 81 innovations by scientists of the USDA Forest Service and their cooperators delineated 22 factors or elements that tended to be present in successful research. Adaptation of existing techniques or technology, pilot testing, cooperation with private industry, and acquisition of underlying theory were the four factors appearing most often.
Do Stocking Guides in the Eastern United States Relate to Stand Growth?
Authors: Leak William B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Primarily on the basis of growing-space requirements, guidelines on maximum and residual stocking of even-aged stands have been developed for many eastern forest types. Comparisons of stocking guides with growth information for northern hardwoods, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and upland oaks indicate that stand growth of hardwoods peaks at densities up to 20 square feet below the recommended residual basal area while growth of pine is best at densities well above the recommended residual basal area. Stocking concepts based on crown dimensions or growing space need reevaluation, and practical stocking recommendations should be checked against actual response data.
An Economic Classification of U.S. "Commercial" Forests
Authors: Clawson Marion 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
"Commercial" forests as customarily defined by the USDA Forest Service include large areas which cannot be managed for economic production of wood under present or foreseeable conditions. An economically and environmentally defensible classification of forests is proposed, and illustrated by data drawn from two published sources. Economic Class A forests include less than a third of the "commercial" forest area in the United States but have most of the economic production potential.
Control of the Red Oak Borer by Removal of Infested Trees
Authors: Donley David E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The red oak borer. Enaphalodes rufulus Haldeman, was controlled in even-aged, 45-year-old stands by removing infested trees. Up to 6 percent of the basal area of red (Quercus rubra L.), black (Q. velutina Lam.), scarlet (Q. coccinea Muenchh.), and white (Q. alba L. ) oak was sacrificed per stand. Borer populations were reduced by about 50 percent in the first generation after treatment and by about 90 percent in the second generation. Treatments were carried out during the winter of 1974-75 and required two to five man-hours per acre.
Introduction to Computerized Land-Information Systems
Authors: de Steiguer J. E. , Giles R. H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Computerized land information systems provide the manager with a means of rapid and comprehensive multi-resource evaluation. Spatial and descriptive data can be placed into the system and, after analysis, the results can be retrieved in map or tabular formats. Applications reach many areas of land resource management. Many types of system software and services are available to the public through government agencies, universities, and data management corporations. As with any area of developing technology, however, there are some significant problems. Further, the systems can be costly.
Integrated Pest Management in China's Forests
Authors: McFadden Max W. , Dahlsten Donald L. , Berisford C. Wayne , Knight Fred B. , Metterhouse William W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over a 28-day period a forest pest-management team of six U.S. scientists visited 21 locations in Beijing and five provinces. The trip was made under the Science and Technology Agreement between the United States and the People's Republic of China. The team observed that many of today's pest problems are related to the afforestation program that began in 1949. About 100 species of insects and disease organisms are regarded as important. Early attempts at control included hand picking and extensive use of pesticides. Trichogramma and Beauveria are two major elements in a biological control program that was begun in the late 1960s and has been carried on with increasing success. Also observed was the application of silviculture to prevent outbreaks of the pine moth (Dendrolimus spp.) and to undergird integrated pest management (IPM). Protection specialists educated in the five major forestry colleges are provided with a strong foundation in basic forestry. IPM appears to be paying enormous dividends in terms of reduced pesticide loads and increasing natural control of many insects and diseases. Many problems nevertheless remain, and will provide the basis for future cooperative efforts between the United States and the People's Republic.