bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical analysis of ozonized theobroma fat
Authors: Díaz Gómez Maritza F. , Téllez Goitybell Martínez , Cruz Maikel Arteaga , Mancheno Rafael Garcés 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOzonized theobroma fat is used as raw material in the manufacture of pessaries and cosmetic creams. Ozonization of theobroma fat with water was carried out at different applied ozone dosages, and the resultant PV, acid value, iodine value, total hydroperoxide content, and FA content were determined. PV and total hydroperoxide content showed a notable increase with applied ozone dosage up to 35.7 mg/g. Acid value varied slightly from 4.1 to 9.9 mg KOH/g, and the iodine value fell to zero. PV and total hydroperoxide content increased slightly with a higher applied ozone dosage. The comparison of total hydroperoxide measurement using ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange assay and traditional iodometric assay for PV determination showed a significant linear correlation. Small amounts of oleic acid were found in ozonized theobroma fat samples with iodine value equaling zero, which demonstrated that iodine value determination is an inexact assay. During ozonization of theobroma fat, an increase in acid value of 18.9‐fold with respect to the initial value was observed owing to decomposition of peroxide.
Neck flexor muscle fatigue in adolescents with headache – An electromyographic study
Authors: Oksanen Airi , Pöyhönen Tapani , Metsähonkala Liisa , Anttila Pirjo , Hiekkanen Heikki , Laimi Katri , Salminen Jouko J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: Muscular disorders of the neck region may be of importance for the etiology of tension‐type headache. However, in adolescents, there are no data on the association between neck muscle fatigue and headache.Aim: To study differences in fatigue characteristics of the neck flexor muscles in adolescents with and without headache.Methods: A population‐based sample of 17‐year‐old adolescents with migraine‐type headache (N=30), tension‐type headache (N=29) and healthy controls without headache (N=30) was examined. Surface EMG data were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles bilaterally during an isometric neck flexor endurance test. The spectral median frequency (MF) change during the total endurance time (TMF) and the initial time of 30s (IMF) was calculated. The intensity of discomfort in the neck area was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: The rate of decline in TMF of both SCM muscles was significantly increased in the tension‐type headache group compared with controls (right SCM, P=0.030, OR 2.0, 95% 1.2–3.7; left SCM, P=0.009, OR 2.5, 95% 1.4–4.9), while no significant differences were found between controls and subjects with migraine. The rate of decline in IMF, the total endurance time (P=0.050), and VAS did not differ significantly among the study groups.Conclusions: This preliminary finding shows that increased neck flexor muscle fatigue in adolescents seems to be associated with tension‐type headache.
Involvement of glutamatergic receptors in the nucleus cuneiformis in modulating morphine‐induced antinociception in rats
Authors: Haghparast Abbas , Gheitasi Izad‐Panah , Lashgari Reza 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nucleus cuneiformis (CnF), located just ventrolateral to the periaqueductal gray, is part of the descending pain modulatory system. Neurons in the CnF project to medullary nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), which plays an important role on pain modulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of microinjection of the non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801, the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP‐7, and the kainate/AMPA receptor antagonist DNQX, alone or in combination with morphine into the nucleus cuneiformis on morphine‐induced analgesia to understand the role of glutamatergic receptors in the modulating activity of morphine. Antinociception was assessed with the tail‐flick test. Morphine (10, 20, 40μg in 0.5μl saline) had an antinociceptive effect, increasing tail‐flick latency in a dose‐dependent manner. Microinjection of MK‐801 (10μg/0.5μl saline) and AP7 (3μg/0.5μl saline) prior to morphine microinjection (10μg/0.5μl saline) attenuated the antinociceptive effects of morphine, whereas DNQX (0.5μg/0.5μl saline) showed a partial antinociceptive effect and potentiated the analgesic effect of morphine. These results indicated that the NMDA receptor partially potentiates the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Our results suggest that NMDA but not non‐NMDA receptors are involved in the antinociception produced by morphine in the CnF. The non‐NMDA receptors in this area may have a facilitatory effect on nociceptive transmission. The fact that morphine's effect was potentiated by NMDA receptor suggests that projection neurons within the CnF are under tonic, glutamatergic input and when the influence of this input is blocked, the descending inhibitory system is inactivated.
BOUNDS FOR CERTAIN LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF THE FABER COEFFICIENTS OF FUNCTIONS ANALYTIC IN AN ELLIPSE
Authors: Haliloglu E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLet $\varOmega$ be a bounded, simply connected domain in $\mathbb{C}$ with $0\in\varOmega$ and $\partial\varOmega$ analytic. Let $S(\varOmega)$ denote the class of functions $F(z)$ which are analytic and univalent in $\varOmega$ with $F(0)=0$ and $F'(0)=1$. Let $\{\varPhi_{n}(z)\}_{n=0}^{\infty}$ be the Faber polynomials associated with $\varOmega$. If $F(z)\in S(\varOmega)$, then $F(z)$ can be expanded in a series of the form$$ F(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}A_{n}\varPhi_{n}(z),\quad z\in\varOmega, $$in terms of the Faber polynomials. Let$$ E_{r}=\bigg\{(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^{2}:\frac{x^{2}}{(1+(1/r^{2}))^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{(1-(1/r^{2}))^{2}}\lt1\bigg\}, $$where $r\gt1$.In this paper, we obtain sharp bounds for certain linear combinations of the Faber coefficients of functions $F(z)$ in $S(E_{r})$ and in certain related classes.
COMMUTATIVITY OF SKEW SYMMETRIC ELEMENTS IN GROUP RINGS
Authors: Broche Cristo Osnel , Polcino Milies César 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLet $R$ be a commutative ring with unity and let $G$ be a group. The group ring $RG$ has a natural involution that maps each element $g\in G$ to its inverse. We denote by $RG^-$ the set of skew symmetric elements under this involution. We study necessary and sufficient conditions for $RG^-$ to be commutative.
MORITA EQUIVALENCE FOR C*-ALGEBRAS WITH THE WEAK BANACH–SAKS PROPERTY. II
Authors: Kusuda Masaharu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLet $C^*$-algebras $A$ and $B$ be Morita equivalent and let $X$ be an $A$–$B$-imprimitivity bimodule. Suppose that $A$ or $B$ is unital. It is shown that $X$ has the weak Banach–Saks property if and only if it has the uniform weak Banach–Saks property. Thus, we conclude that $A$ or $B$ has the weak Banach–Saks property if and only if $X$ does so. Furthermore, when $C^*$-algebras $A$ and $B$ are unital, it is shown that $X$ has the Banach–Saks property if and only if it is finite dimensional.
STRONGLY CLEAN POWER SERIES RINGS
Authors: Chen Jianlong , Zhou Yiqiang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn element $a$ in a ring $R$ with identity is called strongly clean if it is the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commute. And $a\in R$ is called strongly $\pi$-regular if both chains $aR\supseteq a^2R\supseteq\cdots$ and $Ra\supseteq Ra^2\supseteq\cdots$ terminate. A ring $R$ is called strongly clean (respectively, strongly $\pi$-regular) if every element of $R$ is strongly clean (respectively, strongly $\pi$-regular). Strongly $\pi$-regular elements of a ring are all strongly clean. Let $\sigma$ be an endomorphism of $R$. It is proved that for $\varSigma r_ix^i\in R[[x,\sigma]]$, if $r_0$ or $1-r_0$ is strongly $\pi$-regular in $R$, then $\varSigma r_ix^i$ is strongly clean in $R[[x,\sigma]]$. In particular, if $R$ is strongly $\pi$-regular, then $R[[x,\sigma]]$ is strongly clean. It is also proved that if $R$ is a strongly $\pi$-regular ring, then $R[x,\sigma]/(x^n)$ is strongly clean for all $n\ge1$ and that the group ring of a locally finite group over a strongly regular or commutative strongly $\pi$-regular ring is strongly clean.
INVOLUTIONS ON THE SECOND DUALS OF GROUP ALGEBRAS AND A MULTIPLIER PROBLEM
Authors: Farhadi H. , Ghahramani F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe show that if a locally compact group $G$ is non-discrete or has an infinite amenable subgroup, then the second dual algebra $L^1(G)^{**}$ does not admit an involution extending the natural involution of $L^1(G)$. Thus, for the above classes of groups we answer in the negative a question raised by Duncan and Hosseiniun in 1979. We also find necessary and sufficient conditions for the dual of certain left-introverted subspaces of the space $C_b(G)$ (of bounded continuous functions on $G$) to admit involutions. We show that the involution problem is related to a multiplier problem. Finally, we show that certain non-trivial quotients of $L^1(G)^{**}$ admit involutions.
AN ASYMPTOTIC MAJORANT FOR SOLUTIONS OF STURM–LIOUVILLE EQUATIONS IN $L_P(\mathbb{R})$
Authors: Chernyavskaya N. A. , Shuster L. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnder certain assumptions on $g(x)$, we obtain an asymptotic formula for computing integrals of the form$$ F(x,\alpha)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty g(t)^\alpha\exp\biggl(-\bigg|\int_x^tg(\xi)\,\mathrm{d}\xi\bigg|\biggr)\,\mathrm{d}t,\quad\alpha\in\mathbb{R}, $$as $|x|\to\infty$. We use this formula to study the properties (as $|x|\to\infty$) of the solutions of the correctly solvable equations in $L_p(\mathbb{R})$, $p\in[1,\infty]$,\begin{equation} -y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=f(x),\quad x\in\mathbb{R}, \tag{1} \end{equation}where $0\le q\in L_1^{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R})$, and $f\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$. (Equation (1) is called correctly solvable in a given space $L_p(\mathbb{R})$ if for any function $f\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$ it has a unique solution $y\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$ and if the following inequality holds with an absolute constraint $c_p\in(0,\infty)$: $\|y\|_{L_p(\mathbb{R})}\leq c(p)\|f\|_{L_p(\mathbb{R})}$, $\forall f\in L_p(\mathbb{R})$.)
THRESHOLD OF GLOBAL EXISTENCE FOR THE CRITICAL NONLINEAR GROSS–PITAEVSKII EQUATION
Authors: Chen Guanggan , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the critical nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equation, which describes the attractive Bose–Einstein condensate under a magnetic trap. We derive a sharp threshold between the global existence and the blowing-up of the system. Furthermore, we answer the question: how small are the initial data, such that the system has global solutions for the nonlinear critical power $p=1+(4/N)$?
Alternative ion-acoustic solitary waves in magnetized plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions and non-thermal electrons having vortex-like velocity distribution: existence and stability
Authors: DAS JAYASREE , BANDYOPADHYAY ANUP , DAS K.P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe solitary structures of the ion-acoustic waves have been considered in a plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions and non-thermal electrons (due to the presence of fast energetic electrons) having a vortex-like velocity distribution function (due to the presence of trapped electrons), immersed in a uniform (space-independent) and static (time-independent) magnetic field. The nonlinear dynamics of ion-acoustic waves in such a plasma is governed by the Schamel's modified Korteweg–de Vries–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (S-ZK) equation. This equation admits solitary wave solutions having a profile sech4. When the coefficient of the nonlinear term of this equation vanishes, the vortex-like velocity distribution function of electrons simply becomes the non-thermal velocity distribution function of electrons and the nonlinear behaviour of the same ion-acoustic wave is described by a Korteweg–de Vries–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (KdV-ZK) equation. This equation admits solitary wave solutions having a profile sech2. A combined S–KdV–ZK equation more efficiently describes the nonlinear behaviour of an ion-acoustic wave when the vortex-like velocity distribution function of electrons approaches the non-thermal velocity distribution function of electrons, i.e. when the contribution of trapped electrons tends to zero. This combined S-KdV-ZK equation admits an alternative solitary wave solution having a profile different from either sech4or sech2. The condition for the existence of this alternative solitary wave solution has been derived. It is found that this alternative solitary wave solution approaches the solitary wave solution (the sech2profile) of the KdV-ZK equation when the contribution of trapped electrons tends to zero. The three-dimensional stability of these solitary waves propagating obliquely to the external uniform and static magnetic field has been investigated by the multiple-scale perturbation expansion method of Allen and Rowlands. The instability condition and the growth rate of the instability have been derived at the lowest order. It is also found that the instability condition and growth rate of instability of the alternative solitary waves are exactly the same as those of the solitary waves as determined from the KdV-ZK equation (the sech2profile) when the contribution of trapped electrons tends to zero.
On the existence of resistive magnetohydrodynamic equilibria
Authors: TASSO H. , THROUMOULOPOULOS G. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA necessary condition for the existence of general dissipative magneto-hydrodynamic equilibria is derived. The derivation comprises Ohm's law and the existence of magnetic surfaces, only in the sense of the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) theorem. All other equations describing the system are only required for evaluating the condition for a specific case.
Morphometric study of eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages and fibrosis in the colon of chronic chagasic patients with and without megacolon
Authors: da SILVEIRA A. B. M. , ADAD S. J. , CORREA-OLIVEIRA R. , FURNESS J. B. , D'AVILA REIS D. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYThe mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of chagasic megacolon are not completely characterized. Although autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease, recent studies suggest a positive association of tissue parasitism, inflammation, and severity of lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of inflammatory cells and the occurrence of fibrosis in the colon of chagasic patients with and without megacolon. Samples from 26 patients were randomly selected and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sectioned and evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry to analyse the occurrence and relation among eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages and fibrosis. Section analyses showed that the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in the analysed inflammatory cells has a direct correlation with fibrosis density in the chagasic megacolon. These data suggest that the megacolon's pathogenesis is based on a continuous process of cell damage. Our data propose that eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages may have a direct connection with the occurrence of fibrosis in the colon of chagasic patients. We believe that potential therapeutic agents against these cells could avoid the fibrosis process and contribute to prevent the development of chagasic megacolon.
Haemoparasites of common shrews (Sorex araneus) in Northwest England
Authors: BRAY D. P. , BOWN K. J. , STOCKLEY P. , HURST J. L. , BENNETT M. , BIRTLES R. J. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYThe presence of haemoparasites belonging to the taxaAnaplasma,BartonellaandTrypanosomawas determined among 76 common shrews (Sorex araneus) from Northwest England.Anaplasma phagocytophilumDNA was recovered from the blood of 1 shrew (1·3%), with the amplified 16S rRNA sequence identical to one previously reported from a bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).Trypanosomaspp. DNA was detected in 9 shrews (11·8%), the amplified 18S rDNA fragments being indistinguishable from one another, and distinct from previously published data. This represents the first report of trypanosome infection inS. araneusand suggests they are susceptible to an uncharacterizedTrypanosomaspecies. Blood from 11 shrews (14·5%) yieldedBartonellaspp., with characterization of isolates using comparative sequence analysis of partialgltAand 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions revealing 2 different genotypes. Phylogenetic inference from alignment of partialgltAsequences found that both UKS. araneustypes formed a well-supported cluster withBartonellasp. isolated fromS. araneusin Sweden. No significant effect of host age, sex, or year of collection was found on prevalence ofBartonellaor trypanosome infections. The results of this survey demonstrate that common shrews in the UK are susceptible to haemoparasitic infections, at prevalences similar to those reported from sympatric rodents.
Re-feeding rapidly restores protection againstHeligmosomoides bakeri(Nematoda) in protein-deficient mice
Authors: TU T. , KOSKI K. G. , WYKES L. J. , SCOTT M. E. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYThis study determined whether the timing of re-feeding of protein-deficient mice restored functional protection against the gastrointestinal nematode,Heligmosomoides bakeri. Balb/c mice were fed a 3% protein-deficient (PD) diet and then transferred to 24% protein-sufficient (PS) diet either on the day of primary infection, 10 days after the primary infection, on the day of challenge infection, or 7 days after the challenge infection. Control mice were fed either the PD or PS diet. Onset of challenge, but not primary, infection caused short-term body weight loss, anorexia and reduced feed efficiency. Weight gain was delayed in mice when re-feeding commenced on the day of challenge infection; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also elevated in these mice on day 28 post-challenge. In contrast, other re-feeding groups attained similar body weights to PS mice within 4 days and had similar ALP at day 28. Serum leptin was higher in PD than PS mice and positively associated with food intake. As expected, worm survival was prolonged in mice fed the PD diet. However, egg production and worm burdens were similar in all re-feeding groups to the PS mice, indicating that protein re-feeding during either the primary or challenge infection rapidly restored normal parasite clearance.
The temporal dynamics of relationships between cannabis, psychosis and depression among young adults with psychotic disorders: findings from a 10-month prospective study
Authors: DEGENHARDT LOUISA , TENNANT CHRIS , GILMOUR STUART , SCHOFIELD DAVID , NASH LOUISE , HALL WAYNE , McKAY DIANA 
Published: February 2007

Background. The aim was to examine the temporal relationships over 10 months between cannabis use and symptoms of psychosis and depression in people with schizophrenia and related disorders. The design was a prospective study of 101 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders who were assessed monthly over 10 months on medication compliance, cannabis and other drug use, symptoms of depression and symptoms of psychosis.Method. Linear regression methods to assess relationships between cannabis use and symptoms of psychosis and depression while adjusting for serial dependence, medication compliance and other demographic and clinical variables.Results. Cannabis use predicted a small but statistically significant increase in symptoms of psychosis, but not depression, after controlling for other differences between cannabis users and non-users. Symptoms of depression and psychosis did not predict cannabis use.Conclusion. Continued cannabis use by persons with schizophrenia predicts a small increase in psychotic symptom severity but not vice versa.
Suicide ideation, plans and attempts in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health Survey
Authors: BROMET EVELYN J. , HAVENAAR JOHAN M. , TINTLE NATHAN , KOSTYUCHENKO STANISLAV , KOTOV ROMAN , GLUZMAN SEMYON 
Published: February 2007

Background. Because the suicide rates in Eastern Europe have increased, the epidemiology of suicide behaviors in this part of the world is in urgent need of study. Using data from the Ukraine site of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative, we present the first population-based findings from a former Soviet country on the descriptive epidemiology of suicide ideation, plans and attempts, and their links to current functioning and service utilization.Method. In 2002, a nationally representative sample of 4725 adults in Ukraine was interviewed with the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Risk factors included demographic characteristics, trauma, smoking, and parental and personal psychiatric disorders. Current functional impairments and recent service utilization were assessed.Results. The lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation was 8·2%. The average age of onset was 31. The key risk factors were female sex, younger age, trauma, parental depression, and prior alcohol, depressive and intermittent explosive disorders, especially the presence of co-morbidity. Ideators had poorer functioning and greater use of health services. One-third of ideators had a plan, and one-fifth made an attempt. Among ideators, young age, smoking and prior psychiatric disorders were risk factors for these behaviors.Conclusions. Together with the increasing suicide rate, these results suggest that suicide intervention programs in Ukraine should focus on the generation of young adults under 30. The associations with co-morbidity, impairments in current functioning and greater service use indicate that a physician education program on suicidality should be comprehensive in scope and a public health priority in Ukraine.
An outbreak of E. coli O157 associated with a swimming pool: an unusual vehicle of transmission
Authors: VERMA A. , BOLTON F. J. , FIEFIELD D. , LAMB P. , WOLOSCHIN E. , SMITH N. , McCANN R. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYEscherichia coli O157 causes a range of illnesses from mild diarrhoea to haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) which carries a mortality rate of 3·7%. Infection is more common in the under-5s. Between 1995 and 2000, 106 outbreaks of E. coli O157 were reported in England and Wales. Recreational water is well documented as a transmission route for infectious diseases worldwide. In the United Kingdom there have been very few reported outbreaks associated with swimming pools due to the relative susceptibility of E. coli O157 to adequate levels of free chlorine. This report describes the investigation of an outbreak associated with a local leisure centre pool and makes recommendations about the safe management of such facilities.
A community outbreak ofCampylobacter jejuniinfection from a chlorinated public water supply
Authors: RICHARDSON G. , THOMAS D. Rh. , SMITH R. M. M. , NEHAUL L. , RIBEIRO C. D. , BROWN A. G. , SALMON R. L. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYAn outbreak ofCampylobacter jejuniinfection occurred in a South Wales Valleys housing estate. Illness in estate residents was associated with tap water consumption [population attributable risk (PAR) 50%, relative risk (RR) 2·53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·9–3·37] and residence in the upper estate (PAR 49%, RR 2·44, 95% CI 1·83–3·24). Amongst upper estate residents, rates of diarrhoeal illness increased with rates of water consumption (OR 18, 95% CI 3·5–92·4 for heaviest consumers, χ2trendP<0·0001). The upper estate received mains water via a covered holding reservoir. A crack in the wall of the holding reservoir was identified. Contamination with surface water from nearby pasture land was the likely cause of this outbreak. Service reservoirs are common in rural communities and need regular maintenance and inspection. The role of water in sporadic cases of campylobacter enteritis may be underestimated.