bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal screening examination (pGALS) for school‐age children based on the adult GALS screen
Authors: Foster H. E. , Kay L. J. , Friswell M. , Coady D. , Myers A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a musculoskeletal screening examination applicable to school‐age children based on the adult Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine (GALS) screen.MethodsAdult GALS was tested in consecutive school‐age children attending pediatric rheumatology clinics and was compared with an examination conducted, on the same day, by a pediatric rheumatologist who classified children as having abnormal or normal joints. Adult GALS was tested for validity compared with the pediatric rheumatologist's assessment and deficiencies in adult GALS were identified. Experts proposed amendments to adult GALS, achieving consensus by modified Delphi techniques. The resultant pediatric screening tool (pGALS) was tested (methodology identical to the testing of adult GALS) in an additional group of children.ResultsAdult GALS was tested in 50 children (median age 11 years, range 4–16), of whom 37 (74%) had juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Adult GALS missed important abnormalities in 18% of children, mostly at the ankle, foot, and temporomandibular joints. The pGALS was tested in 65 children (median age 13 years, range 5–17 years) and demonstrated excellent sensitivity (97–100%) and specificity (98–100%) at all joints, with high acceptability scored by child and parent/guardian. The median time to perform pGALS was 2 minutes (range 1.5–3 minutes).ConclusionThe pGALS musculoskeletal screening tool has excellent validity, is quick to perform, and is acceptable to school‐age children and parents/guardians. We propose that pGALS be incorporated into undergraduate and postgraduate medical training to improve pediatric musculoskeletal clinical skills and facilitate diagnosis and referral to specialists.
Course of functional status and pain in osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: van Dijk Gabriella M. , Dekker Joost , Veenhof Cindy , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review studies describing the course of functioning in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee and identifying potential prognostic factors.MethodsA systematic search was performed. Studies involving patients with hip or knee OA, >6 months of followup, and outcome measures on functional status or pain were included. Methodologic quality was assessed using a standardized set of 11 criteria; a qualitative data analysis was performed.ResultsApproximately 6,500 titles and abstracts were screened and 48 publications were considered for inclusion. Eighteen studies, 4 of which met the high methodologic quality criteria, were included. For hip OA, there was limited evidence that functional status and pain do not change during the first 3 years of followup. After 3 years, however, a worsening of functional status and pain was seen. For knee OA, there was conflicting evidence for the first 3 years and limited evidence for worsening of pain and functional status after 3 years. Furthermore, limited evidence was established for negative associations between future functional status and laxity, proprioceptive inaccuracy, age, body mass index, and knee pain intensity. In contrast, greater muscle strength, better mental health, better self‐efficacy, social support, and more aerobic exercise were protective factors in the first 3 years.ConclusionPain and functional status in hip or knee OA seem to deteriorate slowly, with limited evidence for worsening after 3 years of followup. In specific subgroups, prognosis in the first 3 years of followup was either worse or better, as both risk factors and protective factors were identified. Prognostic factors included biomechanical factors, psychological factors, clinical factors, and treatment modalities. To strengthen the evidence, further high‐quality longitudinal research on hip or knee OA functioning is needed.
Effects of strength training on the incidence and progression of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Mikesky Alan E. , Mazzuca Steven A. , Brandt Kenneth D. , Perkins Susan M. , Damush Teresa , Lane Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveQuadriceps weakness is a risk factor for incident knee osteoarthritis (OA). We describe a randomized controlled trial of effects of lower‐extremity strength training on incidence and progression of knee OA.MethodsA total of 221 older adults (mean age 69 years) were stratified by sex, presence of radiographic knee OA, and severity of knee pain, and were randomized to strength training (ST) or range‐of‐motion (ROM) exercises. Subjects exercised 3 times per week (twice at a fitness facility, once at home) for 12 weeks, followed by transition to home‐based exercise after 12 months. Assessments of isokinetic lower‐extremity strength and highly standardized knee radiographs were obtained at baseline and 30 months.ResultsSubjects in both groups lost lower‐extremity strength over 30 months; however, the rate of loss was slower with ST than with ROM. Compared with ROM, ST decreased the mean rate of joint space narrowing (JSN) in osteoarthritic knees by 26% (P = not significant). However, the difference between ST and ROM groups with respect to frequency of knee OA progression in JSN consensus ratings was marginally significant (18% versus 28%; P = 0.094). In knees that were radiographically normal at baseline, JSN >0.50 mm was more common in ST than in ROM (34% versus 19%; P = 0.038). Incident JSN was unrelated to exercise adherence or changes in quadriceps strength or knee pain.ConclusionThe ST group retained more strength and exhibited less frequent progressive JSN over 30 months than the ROM group. The increase in incident JSN >0.50 mm in ST is unexplained and requires confirmation.
Use of the sharp and larsen scoring methods in the assessment of radiographic progression in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Rossi Federica , Di Dia Fiorella , Galipò Olivia , Pistorio Angela , Valle Maura , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Ruperto Nicolino , Tomà Paolo , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the applicability of the Sharp and Larsen scoring methods for radiographic damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsWrist/hand radiographs of 25 patients with polyarthritis obtained at first observation and then yearly for 4–5 years were assessed independently by 2 pediatric rheumatologists according to the Sharp and Larsen methods. To facilitate score assignment, each patient radiograph was compared with a bone age–related standard. A third pediatric rheumatologist measured the Poznanski score, and a pediatric radiologist provided a semiquantitative assessment of radiographic damage severity.ResultsInterobserver and intraobserver agreement on longitudinal scores were good for both Sharp and Larsen methods, with intraclass correlation coefficient >0.9. Agreement on change assessment was good for the Sharp method and moderate for the Larsen method. Both methods yielded a steady increase in scores during the study, with score change being more marked in the first year. Sharp and Larsen scores were highly correlated (rs = 0.96). Correlations of both scores with the Poznanski score were moderate to high (rs from −0.62 to −0.72). Radiologist score was correlated at borderline‐high level with both Sharp (rs = 0.70) and Larsen (rs = 0.71) scores. Sharp and Larsen score change from baseline to final visit was moderately to highly correlated with the number of joints with active arthritis and restricted motion and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire score at final visit.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that the Sharp and Larsen scoring systems are potentially reliable and valid for assessment of radiographic progression in patients with polyarticular JIA.
Einsparpotentiale beim Bau von Kraftwerken am Beispiel von Windeinwirkungen auf Kühltürme
Authors: Bockhold Jörg , Meyer Joachim , Klöker Titus 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWindlasten stellen im Kraftwerksbau eine der maßgeblichen und bemessungsrelevanten Einwirkungen dar. In diesem Beitrag wird das Einsparpotential, das sich aus der Durchführung von windtechnologischen Untersuchungen an Großkraftwerken ergibt, aufgezeigt. Beispielhaft wird dazu an Kühltürmen unter Nutzung der Öffnungsklauseln der neuen Windlastnorm DIN 1055‐4:2005‐03 das Einsparpotential quantifiziert. Das Ergebnis dieser Analysen sind Aussagen über den finanziell bewertbaren Nutzen von windtechnologischen Untersuchungen.
NordWestZentrum Frankfurt am Main – Teil 2: Erweiterungsneubauten
Authors: Ernst Günter , Müller Harald 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDas NordWestZentrum wurde in den Jahren 2002 bis 2004 erneut erweitert.Im Zuge dieser Maßnahme wurde das Areal der ehemaligen Fachhochschule vollständig neu bebaut. Es entstanden 430000 m3 umbauter Raum, der einer neuen Nutzung zugeführt wurde.Das Bauvorhaben war für den planenden Ingenieur eine große Herausforderung in bezug auf Abbruch, Begutachtung, Sanierung, Sicherung des Bestandes sowie der Tragwerksplanung des Neubaus und dessen spezieller Gründung, unter Beachtung der Vorgabe: “Bauen im Bestand und Bauen im Betrieb.”
Mehrlagig mit Geogittern bewehrte Erdkörper über pfahlartigen Gründungselementen – Numerische Simulation des Verformungsverhaltens unter statischer und zyklischer Einwirkung
Authors: Arwanitaki Anna , Triantafyllidis Theodor 
Published: September 2006

AbstractZur Gründung von Dämmen für Verkehrsbauwerke auf weichen Böden werden oftmals Pfähle in der Weichschicht erstellt und Geogitter zwischen Dammkörper und Gründungselementen eingelegt. Im Rahmen bisheriger Bemessungsverfahren wird die zyklisch (dynamisch) wirkende Verkehrsbelastung stark vereinfacht und durch statische Ersatzlasten abgebildet. Die etablierte Modellvorstellung für statische Lasten geht von einer Lastabtragung über die Gewölbewirkung im Dammkörper und Zugspannungen in den Geogittern aus. Es ist jedoch zu erwarten, daß sich das Lastabtragungs‐ und Verformungsverhalten solcher Erdbauwerke während der Lebensdauer (Millionen von Lastzyklen) verändert. Die Zyklen verursachen im Boden eine Akkumulation der Verformungen und Spannungsänderungen, was zu einer Zerstörung des Spannungsgewölbes und zu unerwartet großen Setzungen des Dammkörpers führen kann. Erst seit kurzer Zeit stehen numerische Strategien und Stoffgesetze zur Verfügung, mit denen das Verhalten von Erdbauwerken unter sehr großen Zyklenanzahlen mit Hilfe der Finiten Elemente Methode untersucht werden kann. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse solcher Berechnungen mehrlagig geogitterbewehrter Dammkörper auf Weichschichten für den zweidimensionalen Fall vor. Diese zeigen u.a., daß die Geogitter in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Höhenlage unterschiedlich stark in das Gesamttragverhalten eingebunden sind und daß die Spannungsgewölbe durch zyklische Belastungen tatsächlich zerstört werden.
Entwicklung der Brückenlager – Geschichtlicher Überblick
Authors: Wetzk Volker 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDie systematische Auswertung historischer und aktueller Literatur bildet die Grundlage für den folgenden Abriß zur Entwicklung der Brückenlager. Er folgt der chronologischen Ausbildung verschiedener Generationen von Brückenlagern: von den ersten Lagern aus Holz, über eiserne und stählerne Lager hin zur Verwendung von Kunststoffen für die heutige Brückenlagertechnik und begrenzt sich auf die für die Gesamtentwicklung wesentlichen Lagertypen. Die Geschichte der Brückenlager reflektiert zum einen den technischen Fortschritt der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte, zum anderen auch die Möglichkeit, auf technische Herausforderungen durch veränderte Sichtweisen und Konstruktionsmethoden zu reagieren.
Development and evaluation of the electromagnetic hypersensitivity questionnaire
Authors: Eltiti Stacy , Wallace Denise , Zougkou Konstantina , Russo Riccardo , Joseph Stephen , Rasor Paul , Fox Elaine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElectromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) syndrome is usually defined as a condition where an individual experiences adverse health effects that he or she believes is due to exposure to objects that emit electromagnetic fields. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire that would identify the key symptoms associated with EHS and determine how often these symptoms occur in the general population of the United Kingdom. In the pilot study, an EHS questionnaire was developed and tested. In Study 1 the EHS questionnaire was revised and sent to a randomly selected sample of 20 000 people. Principal components analysis of the symptoms resulted in eight subscales: neurovegetative, skin, auditory, headache, cardiorespiratory, cold related, locomotor, and allergy related symptoms. Study 2 established the validity of the questionnaire in that EHS individuals showed a higher severity of symptoms on all subscales compared to the control group. The two key results of this study were the development of a scale that provides an index of the type and intensity of symptoms commonly experienced by people believing themselves to be EHS and a screening tool that researchers can use to pre‐select the most sensitive individuals to take part in their research. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wissens‐ und Wissenschaftstransfer – Einführende Bemerkungen
Authors: Ash Mitchell G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractKnowledge and science transfer – introductory remarks. The article presents introductory remarks on the historical study of knowledge and science transfer. Discussion focuses initially on the reasons for speaking of knowledge transfer and not only about science transfer, and the relations of this topic to current research in general history on cultural transfer. Multiple levels of knowledge / science transfer are then discussed, specifically: (1) transfer by means of migration or other movement of people across geographic boundaries; (2) scientific changes related to the transfer of objects (such as plant specimens or instruments) across continents or disciplines; (3) knowledge or science transfer in practical contexts. Addressed throughout is the problematic character of the concept of transfer itself. The author suggests that users of this concept often presuppose a static conception of scientific and cultural contents being more or less successfully transferred; more interesting, however, are the changes in science and culture conditioned or caused by the migration of individuals as well as the transfer of culture by other means.
Conjugation of methoxypolyethylene glycol to the surface of bovine red blood cells
Authors: Gundersen Sharon I. , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) covalently bound to the surface of human red blood cells (hRBCs) has been shown to decrease immunological recognition of hRBC surface antigens (Bradley et al.,2002). However, there is an increasing shortage of hRBC donations, thus making hRBCs scarce and expensive (Davey,2004; Riess,2001). The goal of this study is to similarly PEGylate the surface of bovine RBCs (bRBCs) with the aim of reducing the demand on human blood donations needed for blood transfusions. This study investigates the feasibility of modifying the surface of bRBCs with the succinimidyl ester of methoxypolyethylene glycol propionic acid (SPA‐mPEG) for use as a potential blood substitute. The oxygen binding affinity of PEGylated bRBCs was moderately increased with increasing initial SPA‐mPEG concentrations up to 4 mM when reacted with bRBCs at a hematocrit of 12%. Oxygen transport simulations verified that SPA‐mPEG conjugated bRBCs could still transport oxygen to pancreatic islet tissues even under extreme conditions. PEGylated bRBCs reconstituted to a hematocrit of 40% exhibited viscosities on the order of ∼3 cp, similar to hRBCs at the same hematocrit. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the success of PEGylating bRBCs to yield modified cells with oxygen binding, transport and flow properties similar to that of hRBCs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:1199–1210. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glycosylation of an immunoglobulin produced from a murine hybridoma cell line: The effect of culture mode and the anti‐apoptotic gene, bcl‐2
Authors: Majid F.A.A. , Butler M. , Al‐Rubeai M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe impact of bcl‐2 over‐expression on the glycosylation pattern of an antibody produced by a bcl‐2 transfected hybridoma cell line (TB/C3.bcl‐2) was investigated in suspension batch, continuous and high cell density culture (Flat hollow fibre, Tecnomouse system). In all culture modes bcl‐2 over‐expression resulted in higher cell viability. Analysis of the glycans from the IgG of batch cultures showed that >95% of the structures were neutral core fucosylated asialo biantennary oligosaccharides with variable terminal galactosylation (G0f, G1f and G2f) consistent with previous analysis of glycans from the conserved site at Asn‐297 of the IgG protein. The galactosylation index (GI) was determined as an indicator of the glycan profile (=(G2 + 0.5* G1)/(G0 + G1 + G2)). GI values in control cultures were comparable to bcl‐2 cultures during exponential growth (0.53) but declined toward the end of the culture when there was a loss in cell viability. Low dilution rates in chemostat culture were associated with reduced galactosylation of the IgG glycans in both cell lines. However, at the higher dilution rates the GI for IgG was consistently higher in the TB/C3.bcl‐2 cultures. In the hollow fibre bioreactor the galactosylation of the IgG glycans was considerably lower than in suspension batch or continuous cultures with GI values averaging 0.38. Similar low galactosylation values have been found previously for high density cell cultures and these are consistent with the low values obtained when the dissolved oxygen level is maintained at a low value (10%) in controlled suspension cultures of hybridomas. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 156–169. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of S100 protein from prostatic cancer patients using anti‐S100 protein antibody immobilized on POS‐PVA discs
Authors: Melo‐Júnior Mario R. , Araújo Filho Jorge Luiz S. , Cavalcanti Carmelita L.B. , Patu Vasco José Ramos M. , Beltrão Eduardo I.C. , Carvalho Luiz B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe S100 proteins have been extensively used as cancer biomarkers. The objectives of the present work were to immobilize the antibody anti‐protein S100 to a net of semi‐interpenetrated of polysiloxane and polyvinyl alcohol (POS‐PVA discs), to investigate its capacity to capture S100 protein from serum and to quantify it by ELISA in sera from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma (n = 15) and healthy individuals (n = 10). Also these values were compared to the S100 protein expression in the prostatic tissue through immunohistochemistry. The POS‐PVA discs fixed about 92.8% of the offered antibody (7.75 µg of antibody per disc). The best values of the immobilized no‐marked antibody anti‐S100 and serum dilution were found to be 10 µg and 1:400, respectively. Optical density (OD) values for the sera of patients (0.425 ± 0.042) with prostatic adenocarcinoma were significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to those established for the healthy individuals (1.034 ± 0.124). In the immunohistochemistry study no significant variations were observed in the number of positive S100 cells between prostatic adenocarcinoma (153.45 ± 16.82) and normal prostate (147.04 ± 18.98). These results showed a clear difference between S100 proteins expressed in tissue and presented in serum during the prostatic tissue neoplasic transformation. Sera analysis was more sensitive than immunohistochemistry S100 protein detection in the prostate tissue besides the advantage to be less invasive method. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 182–187. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On maintenance models in severely and long‐term limited membrane bioreactor cultivations
Authors: Drews Anja , Kraume Matthias 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) are combinations of common bioreactors and membrane separation units for biomass retention. Through increased biomass concentration, they allow increased productivity (or smaller reactor volume, respectively). Besides high biomass concentrations, operation at very low growth rates is typical for MBRs. In this regime, maintenance metabolism where substrate uptake only yields energy for cell survival becomes of higher importance than in processes run at higher growth rates. While thermodynamically based correlations for the prediction of maintenance coefficients are available for chemostat or other medium growth rate processes, some authors have mentioned a change in energy demand in MBRs and a dependence of maintenance parameters on operating conditions. Due to the fact that often mixed cultures are used and resulting from the different evaluation methods used by different authors, views on the possible influences on maintenance parameters differ. However, it is accepted that common models describing microbial growth and production of metabolites or degradation of pollutants do not consider the effects caused by severe limitations and therefore cannot sufficiently be applied to MBRs. In this study, maintenance parameters were determined for a model organism (Ustilago maydis) and results from different evaluation methods were compared. A continuous fit of respiration data gave more consistent results than the traditional method of plotting specific uptake versus growth rate. They suggest that below μ = 10% μmax the maintenance coefficient drops to a third of the value in short‐term limited cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:892–903. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies of an Fe9 Tridiminished Icosahedron
Authors: Tolis Evangelos I. , Engelhardt Larry P. , Mason Pamela V. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Kindo Koichi , Luban Marshall , Matsuo Akira , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Raftery James , Schröder Christian , Timco Grigore A. , Tuna Floriana , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of a nonanuclear FeIII cage complex is reported. The nine iron centers in [Fe9(μ3‐O)4(O3PPh)3(O2CCMe3)13] lie on the vertices of an incomplete icosahedron, with the P atoms of triphenylphosphonate at the other three vertices. The paramagnetic core therefore describes a tridiminished icosahedron. Magnetic studies suggest an S=1/2 ground state for the molecule. Analysis of exchange paths and the susceptibility data point to the interpretation that the cluster can be divided into two nearly decoupled sections: an {Fe6O3} section, with an S=0 ground state, in which three oxo‐centered triangles bound a central triangle that is not oxo‐centered; and an {Fe3O} triangle with S=1/2. The analysis of the susceptibility data leads to a Heisenberg model based on three significant antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, with values of 173.7 cm−1 in the {Fe3O} triangle, and 30.9 and 19.1 cm−1 within the {Fe6O3} section, while the exchange between them is <1 cm−1. With these assignments, the theoretical low‐temperature differential susceptibility is also in very good agreement with measurements up to 50 T. Magnetic measurements in the milli‐kelvin range reveal striking hysteresis loops and magnetization reversals associated with a Landau–Zener–Stückelberg (LZS) transition as enhanced by the occurrence of a phonon bottleneck.