bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Fundamental Understanding and Electrocatalysts Design
Authors: Li Jiao , Tian Weichen , Li Qi , Zhao Shenlong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis driven by “green electricity“ is an ideal technology to realize energy conversion and store renewable energy into hydrogen. With the development of proton exchange membrane (PEM), water electrolysis in acidic media suitable for many situations with an outstanding advantage of high gas purity has attracted significant attention. Compared with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a kinetic sluggish process that needs a higher overpotential. Especially in acidic media, OER process poses higher requirements for the electrocatalysts, such as high efficiency, high stability and low costs. This review focuses on the acidic OER electrocatalysis, reaction mechanisms, and critical parameters used to evaluate performance. Especially the modification strategies applied in the design and construction of new‐type electrocatalysts are also summarized. The characteristics of traditional noble metal‐based electrocatalysts and the noble metal‐free electrocatalysts developed in recent decades are compared and discussed. Finally, the current challenges for the most promising acidic OER electrocatalysts are presented, together with a perspective for future water electrolysis.
Integrating single‐cell and spatial transcriptomes reveals COL4A1/2 facilitates the spatial organisation of stromal cells differentiation in breast phyllodes tumours
Authors: Li Xia , Yu Xuewen , Bi Jiaxin , Jiang Xu , Zhang Lu , Li Zhixin , Shao Mumin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast phyllodes tumours (PTs) are a unique type of fibroepithelial neoplasms with metastatic potential and recurrence tendency. However, the precise nature of heterogeneity in breast PTs remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the cell subpopulations composition and spatial structure and investigate diagnostic markers in the pathogenesis of PTs.MethodsWe applied single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomes on tumours and adjacent normal tissues for integration analysis. Immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to verify the tissue distribution of cells. Tumour cells from patients with PTs were cultured to validate the function of genes. To validate the heterogeneity, the epithelial and stromal components of tumour tissues were separated using laser capture microdissection, and microproteomics data were obtained using data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The diagnostic value of genes was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining.ResultsTumour stromal cells harboured seven subpopulations. Among them, a population of widely distributed cancer‐associated fibroblast‐like stroma cells exhibited strong communications with epithelial progenitors which underwent a mesenchymal transition. We identified two stromal subpopulations sharing epithelial progenitors and mesenchymal markers. They were inferred to further differentiate into transcriptionally active stromal subpopulations continuously expressing COL4A1/2. The binding of COL4A1/2 with ITGA1/B1 facilitated a growth pattern from the stroma towards the surrounding glands. Furthermore, we found consistent transcriptional changes between intratumoural heterogeneity and inter‐patient heterogeneity by performing microproteomics studies on 30 samples from 11 PTs. The immunohistochemical assessment of 97 independent cohorts identified that COL4A1/2 and CSRP1 could aid in accurate diagnosis and grading.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that COL4A1/2 shapes the spatial structure of stromal cell differentiation and has important clinical implications for accurate diagnosis of breast PTs.
Comparing eating disorder treatment outcomes of transgender and gender diverse adolescents with those of cisgender adolescents
Authors: Riddle Megan , Blalock Dan V. , Robertson Lee , Duffy Alan , Le Grange Daniel , Mehler Philip S. , Rienecke Renee D. , Joiner Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder (ED), depression, and anxiety symptoms at admission and discharge were compared, as were admission‐to‐discharge changes, for transgender and gender diverse (TGD), and cisgender adolescents receiving intensive treatment for EDs.MethodParticipants were 44 TGD and 573 cisgender adolescents admitted to a treatment facility. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) at admission and discharge.ResultsBoth groups had elevated EDE‐Q scores at admission (TGD: M = 3.78, standard deviation [SD] = 1.70; cisgender: M = 3.33, SD = 1.74) that improved by discharge (TGD: M = 2.27, SD = 1.83, Cohen's d = .98; cisgender: M = 2.10, SD = 1.54, Cohen's d = .79); there were no differences in EDE‐Q between groups at admission (p = .09; odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.98, 1.44]) or discharge (p = .48; OR = 1.07, 95% CI [.88, 1.30]). On admission, TGD adolescents had higher suicidality, measured by PHQ‐9, item 9 (p < .001; OR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.51, 2.52]), and depression (p < .001; OR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.05, 1.16]) than cisgender participants. Severity decreased over treatment for all measures. Both groups showed similar improvement on suicidality (p = .93; OR = .98, 95% CI [.70,1.36]), depression (p = .42; OR = 1.02, 95% CI [.97, 1.07]), and anxiety (p = .14; OR = 1.05, 95% CI [.99, 1.12]). However, at discharge, suicidality (p = .02; OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.04, 1.85]), depression (p < .01; OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02, 1.11]), and anxiety (p = .02; OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.01, 1.12]) were higher for TGD adolescents than their cisgender peers.DiscussionAll participants had similar ED symptom severity and improvement. Depression, anxiety, and suicidality remained elevated for TGD adolescents compared to their cisgender peers at discharge, suggesting the need for targeted treatment.Public SignificanceTransgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents have increased risk of eating disorders (EDs); few studies examine how they respond to ED treatment. We examine treatment outcomes of TGD adolescents receiving ED treatment compared to their cisgender peers. We measured ED symptoms along with depression, anxiety, and suicidality at the beginning and end of treatment. While TGD adolescents showed similar improvement in ED symptoms, measures of depression, anxiety, and suicidality remained elevated at the time of discharge.
Capacity and establishment rules govern the number of nonnative species in communities of ground‐dwelling invertebrates
Authors: Kaspari Michael , Weiser Michael D. , Siler Cameron D. , Marshall Katie E. , Smith Sierra N. , Stroh Katherine M. , de Beurs Kirsten M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNonnative species are a key agent of global change. However, nonnative invertebrates remain understudied at the community scales where they are most likely to drive local extirpations. We use the North American NEON pitfall trapping network to document the number of nonnative species from 51 invertebrate communities, testing four classes of drivers. We sequenced samples using the eDNA from the sample's storage ethanol. We used AICc informed regression to evaluate how native species richness, productivity, habitat, temperature, and human population density and vehicular traffic account for continent‐wide variation in the number of nonnative species in a local community. The percentage of nonnatives varied 3‐fold among habitat types and over 10‐fold (0%–14%) overall. We found evidence for two types of constraints on nonnative diversity. Consistent with Capacity rules (i.e., how the number of niches and individuals reflect the number of species an ecosystem can support) nonnatives increased with existing native species richness and ecosystem productivity. Consistent with Establishment Rules (i.e., how the dispersal rate of nonnative propagules and the number of open sites limits nonnative species richness) nonnatives increased with automobile traffic—a measure of human‐generated propagule pressure—and were twice as common in pastures than native grasslands. After accounting for drivers associated with a community's ability to support native species (native species richness and productivity), nonnatives are more common in communities that are regularly seasonally disturbed (pastures and, potentially deciduous forests) and those experiencing more vehicular traffic. These baseline values across the US North America will allow NEON's monitoring mission to document how anthropogenic change—from disturbance to propagule transport, from temperature to trends in local extinction—further shape biotic homogenization.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 3‐Nitro‐1,2‐Dihydroquinolines: Asymmetric Synthesis of All C2‐, C3‐ and C4‐Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Shukla Pushpendra Mani , Pratap Aniruddh , Maji Biswajit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn efficient N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of 2‐substituted 3‐nitro‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines (DHQs) allowing the synthesis of densely functionalized enantioenriched tetrahydroquinolines through the resolution at remote stereocenter is described. The Re‐face addition of α,β‐unsaturated azolium homoenolate intermediate generated in situ from enal with the more kinetically favored (S)‐enantiomer of the racemic 2‐substituted 3‐nitro‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines (rac‐1), affording the enantiopure tetrahydroquinolines (up to >99 : 1 dr, >99 : 1 er) and the opposite (R)‐enantiomer of DHQ (ent‐1) was recovered (up to >99 : 1 er).
Base‐Regulated Synthesis of the Bestmann‐Ohira or Seyferth‐Gilbert Reagent Utilizing FSO2N3
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liang Yufei , Xu Long , Dong Jiajia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, we present a new application of fluorosulfonylazide (FSO2N3) for diazotizing a series of activated methylene compounds to deliver the corresponding diazo products. Notably, by the judicious choice of bases, the selective generation of the Bestmann‐Ohira reagent (BOR) or the Seyferth‐Gilbert reagent (SGR) has been realized from FSO2N3 and dimethyl‐2‐oxopropylphosphonate. We also investigated the kinetics of the homologation of aldehydes using these two reagents with K2CO3 as a base in MeOH, finding that a faster reaction rate was achieved by using SGR. Moreover, the facile one‐pot synthesis of terminal alkynes from aldehydes has been established, which could be further coupled with azides to deliver triazoles using CuAAC click chemistry.
Technical system for mud loss analysis and diagnosis in drilling engineering to prevent reservoir damage
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Mingwei , Gao Yong , Nie Wancai , Wang Xiaofei , Li Song 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMud loss is the most serious formation damage in oil and gas well drilling engineering and is an unsolved technical problem. To prevent mud loss, it is necessary to accurately understand and identify three key factors of mud loss, including the location of the loss, the time of occurrence, and the severity of the loss. The diagnosis of mud loss is a prerequisite for the proper formulation of mud loss control techniques. It emphasizes the integration of predrilling, drilling, and postanalysis information to describe and characterize loss zones and predict potential loss zones. On the basis of the theory of engineering fuzzy mathematics, we develop a mathematical model for loss probability evaluation that combines logging anomaly features and engineering data to predict the location of losses from drilling mud and develop a loss formation identification method. The study of hydraulic fracture deformation through stress‐sensitive experiments and numerical simulations can predict the deformation and severity of loss channels, which can help optimize the loss of circulating material by adding drilling fluid. Loss pressure models have been developed based on mud loss mechanisms, and loss pressure for hydraulic fracture creation, connection, and extension has been studied to help identify loss mechanisms and types. Mud losses can be identified by unusual engineering characteristics, including sudden changes in drilling times, cuttings, and mud logging. Real‐time logging parameters can be used to monitor the loss process and hence predict the loss trend. The framework of loss diagnosis techniques is established, which helps in successful mud loss controlling.
The impacts of low flow, ice‐cover and ice thickness on sediment load in a sub‐arctic river – Modelling sediment transport with particle image velocimetry calibration data sets
Authors: Pajunen Virpi , Lotsari Eliisa , Välimäki Juha‐Matti , Wolff Franziska , Kärkkäinen Marko , Blåfield Linnea , Eltner Anette 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change will be pronounced in sub‐arctic and arctic regions. Consequently, a shorter ice‐cover period, increased precipitation and changes in the timing and magnitude of discharge are expected. These hydroclimatic changes can have an impact on sediment transport in northern rivers. Studying spatial and temporal variation of the processes in low‐flow open‐water and ice‐covered conditions is crucial to improve the prediction of future changes. The investigation of under‐ice conditions has been challenging and new approaches for their measurement are much needed. We analyse the spatial sediment transport in a meandering subarctic river during different flow conditions, i.e., low flow open‐channel during autumn and ice‐covered during winter. We use one‐dimensional (1D) morphodynamic models with image‐based sediment transportation data sets. We also simulate sediment transport with different ice thicknesses to better understand the overall bedload transport in a subarctic river in mid‐winter conditions.Simulations for the studied meander bend showed a considerable flow‐driven decrease of sediment transport in ice‐covered conditions when compared to open‐water conditions. Erosion was more pronounced in open‐water conditions and deposition was the prevailing process in ice‐covered conditions. When an additional increase in ice thickness was simulated, bedload increased, because the thicker ice narrowed the river channel substantially and thus leading to an increase in flow velocity and shear forces. Instead of solely relying on the sediment samples, the additional consideration of an image‐based sediment data set enabled a more reliable model calibration in ice‐covered conditions. This encourages further usage of image‐based methods for sediment transport estimations, especially in ice‐covered conditions. In the future, changes in river‐ice can be expected to decrease under‐ice sediment load but increase annual open‐water sediment loads. The increasing summative sediment transport of small arctic and subarctic rivers can have significant consequences on the downstream waterbodies.
Zoonotic diseases in a ‘Pandemicene’: How can geomorphology contribute to the improved characterisation of dynamic ‘pathogenic landscapes’?
Authors: Tooth Stephen , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram , Corenblit Dov , Griffiths Hywel M. , Hardy Andy , Sanders Catherine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA zoonosis is an infectious disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals, potentially leading to an epidemic or pandemic. Increasing research into the environmental drivers of zoonoses in a so‐called ‘Pandemicene’ has focused on changes to land use, land cover and climate. But what about the associated changes to earth surface processes, landforms and landscapes that may impact on zoonoses and other infectious diseases with environmental reservoirs (e.g. sapronoses)? This is a crucial question, especially in the context of the Anthropocene, a proposed time interval during which humans have directly and indirectly impacted geomorphological systems and associated abiotic–biotic interactions at local through global scales. Biogeomorphology (and especially zoogeomorphology) potentially has many insights to contribute but is largely divorced from a rapidly expanding body of infectious disease research. By outlining geomorphological principles and providing examples from across dryland, arctic, tropical and temperate environments, we examine the extent to which water, sediment, soil and other organic matter that is directly or indirectly influenced by non‐human animal activity may critically influence the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. In an era of rapid environmental and socioeconomic change, we contend that geomorphological concepts, data and techniques can play a key role in improved characterisation of dynamic ‘pathogenic landscapes’. We identify several challenges and opportunities that may provide particular foci for enhanced geomorphological contributions to this growing threat to societal resilience, including: (1) working in transdisciplinary ‘One Health’ contexts to test hypotheses about geomorphological controls on pathogen emergence and spread; (2) collaborating with archaeologists to examine past disease dynamics and identify potential future pathogen sources; (3) enhancing existing global maps of infection risk/disease emergence at local to regional scales; and (4) contributing to the robust evidence base needed for policies to monitor and manage infectious disease risk.
Neural interfaces: Bridging the brain to the world beyond healthcare
Authors: Xu Shumao , Liu Yang , Lee Hyunjin , Li Weidong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeural interfaces, emerging at the intersection of neurotechnology and urban planning, promise to transform how we interact with our surroundings and communicate. By recording and decoding neural signals, these interfaces facilitate direct connections between the brain and external devices, enabling seamless information exchange and shared experiences. Nevertheless, their development is challenged by complexities in materials science, electrochemistry, and algorithmic design. Electrophysiological crosstalk and the mismatch between electrode rigidity and tissue flexibility further complicate signal fidelity and biocompatibility. Recent closed‐loop brain‐computer interfaces, while promising for mood regulation and cognitive enhancement, are limited by decoding accuracy and the adaptability of user interfaces. This perspective outlines these challenges and discusses the progress in neural interfaces, contrasting non‐invasive and invasive approaches, and explores the dynamics between stimulation and direct interfacing. Emphasis is placed on applications beyond healthcare, highlighting the need for implantable interfaces with high‐resolution recording and stimulation capabilities.
Genomic profile analysis of leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei and fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas: Strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of array‐CGH interpretation
Authors: Fontanges Quitterie , Dubos Paul , Lesluyes Tom , Laizet Yec'han , Velasco Valérie , Meléndez Bárbara , D'Haene Nicky , Oliva Esther , Young Robert H. , Mayeur Laetitia , Rebier Flora , Alamé Mélissa , Larmonier Claire , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Arnould Laurent , Soubeyran Isabelle , Chakiba Camille , Floquet Anne , Babin Guillaume , Guyon Frédéric , Mery Eliane , Le Guellec Sophie , Noël Jean‐Christophe , Croce Sabrina , Chibon Frédéric 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA close relationship has been demonstrated between genomic complexity and clinical outcome in uterine smooth muscle tumors. We studied the genomic profiles by array‐CGH of 28 fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas and 37 leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei (LMBN) from 64 patients. Follow‐up was available for 46 patients (from three to 249 months, mean 87.3 months). All patients were alive without evidence of disease. For 51 array‐CGH interpretable tumors the mean Genomic Index (GI) was 16.4 (median: 9.8; from 1 to 57.8), significantly lower than the mean GI in LMS (mean GI 51.8, p < 0.001). We described three groups: (1) a group with FH deletion (24/58) with low GI (mean GI: 11 vs. 22,4, p = 0.02), (2) a group with TP53 deletion (17/58) with higher GI (22.4 vs. 11 p = 0.02), and (3) a group without genomic events on FH or TP53 genes (17/58) (mean GI:18.3; from 1 to 57.8). Because none of these tumors recurred and none showed morphological features of LMS we concluded that GI at the cut‐off of 10 was not applicable in these subtypes of LM. By integration of all those findings, a GI <10 in LMBN remains a valuable argument for benignity. Conversely, in LMBN a GI >10 or alteration in tumor suppressor genes, should not alone warrant a diagnosis of malignancy. Nine tumors were tested with Nanocind CINSARC® signature and all were classified in low risk of recurrence. We propose, based on our observations, a diagnostic approach of these challenging lesions.
MicroRNA copy number alterations in the malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Kimura Talita de Carvalho , Scarini João Figueira , Lavareze Luccas , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia Malheiros , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Egal Erika Said Abu , Altemani Albina , Mariano Fernanda Viviane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study used array comparative genomic hybridization to assess copy number alterations (CNAs) involving miRNA genes in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), residual PA, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 13 PA, 4 RPA, 29 CXPA, and 14 residual PA using Nexus Copy Number Discovery software. The miRNAs genes affected by CNAs were evaluated based on their expression patterns and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis.ResultsAcross the groups, we found 216 CNAs affecting 2261 miRNA genes, with 117 in PA, 59 in RPA, 846 in residual PA, and 2555 in CXPA. The chromosome 8 showed higher involvement in altered miRNAs in PAs and CXPA patients. Six miRNA genes were shared among all groups. Additionally, miR‐21, miR‐455‐3p, miR‐140, miR‐320a, miR‐383, miR‐598, and miR‐486 were prominent CNAs found and is implicated in carcinogenesis of several malignant tumors. These miRNAs regulate critical signaling pathways such as aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and cancer‐related pathways.ConclusionThis study was the first to explore CNAs in miRNA‐encoding genes in the PA‐CXPA sequence. The findings suggest the involvement of numerous miRNA genes in CXPA development and progression by regulating oncogenic signaling pathways.
Treatment discordance in the utilization of neck dissection for stage I‐II supraglottic tumors
Authors: Gilja Shivee , Vasan Vikram , Kumar Arvind , Roof Scott A. , Genden Eric M. , Kirke Diana N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines began recommending the use of neck dissection during surgical management of stage I‐II supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).MethodsTrends and factors associated with the use of neck dissection during larynx‐preserving surgery for patients with cT1‐2, N0, M0 supraglottic LSCC in the National Cancer Database (2004–2020) were evaluated using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression.ResultsOf the 2080 patients who satisfied study eligibility criteria, 633 (30.4%) underwent neck dissection. Between 2018 and 2020, the rate of neck dissection was 39.0% (114/292). After multivariable adjustment, academic facility type, undergoing biopsy prior to surgery, and more radical surgery were significant predictors of receiving neck dissection.ConclusionsThe results of this national analysis suggest that the utilization of guideline‐concordant neck dissection for management of stage I‐II supraglottic LSCC remains low and highlight the need to promote the practice of neck dissection for this patient population.