bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico-Radiological Spectrum of Neuronal Migrational Disorders: A Study of Paediatric Patients in the Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Swain PK , Dhaliwal MS , Thapalial A , Tiwari PK 
Published: October 2008

Objective: This study was conducted in a tertiary care paediatric hospital to ascertain the spectrum of clinical and radiological features of Neuronal Migrational Disorders in children. The role of inheritance in Neuronal Migrational Disorders is under intense investigation. Studies on Neuronal Migrational Disorders (NMDs) in children from developing countries are lacking. Method: Retrospective analysis of records of diagnosed cases by neuroimaging as Neuronal Migrational Disorders in the Department of Paediatrics. Results: Eighteen Children (2days to 8years age) with different types of neuronal migrational disorder based on neuro-imaging were included. Observed anomalies included Lissencephaly (33.3%), Pachygyria (16.6%), Polymicrogyria (5.5%), Heterotopia (11.1%), Schizencephaly (22.2%) and Hemimegalencephaly (5.5%). Focal Seizure in 5 (27.7%) cases, Generalised Tonic Clonic Seizures in 3 (16.6%) and Myoclonic Seizure in 2 (11.1%) cases were the types of seizure present in 10 (55.5%) patients. Five patients presented with Quadriparesis, two with Hemiplegia and one with Congenital Talipes Equinovarus. All the eighteen patients had some degree of Cognitive Developmental Delay. Conclusion: Lissencephaly is the most common type of Neuronal Migrational Disorder followed by Schizencepahly. Focal Seizure and Quadriparesis were the common manifestations. Family history of similar cases with parental consanguinity in Schizencephaly cases gives a clue to the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Family history of similar cases of Schizencephaly without any history of consanguinity indicates an autosomal pattern of inheritance. Key words: Neuronal Migrational Disorders, Lissencephaly, Schizencephaly, Cognitive Developmental Delay and Neuro-imaging. DOI = 10.3126/jnps.v28i1.1399 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.28(1) p.10-13
Childhood Neurocysticercosis: Clinico-Radiological Profile and Outcome
Authors: Shrestha BM 
Published: October 2008

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a major cause of neurological illness worldwide. It is the most common identifiable cause of partial seizure especially in the children of developing world. There is insufficient information about NCC in children in Nepal. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the clinical, neuro-radiographic and therapeutic aspects of NCC in children. Material and Methods: 68 children with this neurocysticercosis were studied prospectively in 20 months in the Lumbini Zonal Hospital (LZH), a secondary-level-referral hospital in the Western Nepal. The diagnosis of NCC was based primarily on the neuro-imaging (CT/MRI) findings. Results: The patients were predominantly females (nearly 65%) with age ranging from 2 to 14 years. Preschool-age children constituted 10% of the patients. The three common manifestations were seizures (91%), headache and or vomiting (38%) and hemi and or monoparesis (15%). CT/MRI demonstrated a single parenchymal ring or nodular enhancing lesion (REL) in 84% of cases with perilesional oedema in nearly 90% of cases. A large majority of patients were treated only with the anticonvulsant drugs (ACDs) for 9 months. Follow-up with repeat CT after 6 months showed a complete resolution of NCC in most of the cases without the need for cysticidal treatment. Conclusion: NCC should be considered first in the differential diagnosis of new-onset seizure among the children of developing countries, where taeniasis is endemic. Most of the patients with NC do not need anticysticercal therapy. Keywords: Seizure, Children, Cysticercosis, CNS, Western Nepal. DOI = 10.3126/jnps.v28i1.1400 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.28(1) p.14-16
Rett Syndrome: A Case report
Authors: Shrestha M , Rajbhandari A 
Published: October 2008

Rett syndrome (RS) is a severe neuro-developmental disorder leading to severe intellectual disability in females all around the world. A four-year-old girl from Kathmandu presented with classic features of Rett syndrome (RS), including developmental regression with dementia, loss of acquired speech and hand function, and stereotypic hand movements along with generalized tonic clonic convulsion. Key words: Rett Syndrome, Developmental Regression DOI = 10.3126/jnps.v28i1.1401 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.28(1) p.17-19
Rett Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Pathak MR , Neopane A 
Published: October 2008

Rett Syndrome (RS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which girls are predominantly affected, transmitted as an X linked dominant inheritance and caused by mutation in MECP2 gene. The basic presentation in RS is regression of previously acquired developmental milestones, lack of social interaction skills and acquired microcephaly after a certain age, which starts in early months of infancy. It is frequently misdiagnosed as autism, cerebral palsy or nonspecific developmental delay and is relatively frequent cause of delayed development in girls. Diagnosis is mainly clinical after excluding the neurodegenerative and other causes of delayed milestones. The chromosomal analysis, confirmatory tool for diagnosis is available in limited centers. The treatment is mainly speech therapy and counseling though few pharmacological agents have been tried with little response. A ten years age girl presented with the history of seizures, regression of speech and delayed motor milestones in our out patient clinic which was subsequently diagnosed as Rett Syndrome. Key Words: Rett syndrome, Developmental Regression, X Linked Dominant. DOI = 10.3126/jnps.v28i1.1402 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.28(1) p.20-22
Rosiglitazone, but not glimepiride, improves myocardial diastolic function in association with reduction in oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients without overt heart disease
Authors: Von Bibra Helene , Diamant Michaela , Scheffer Peter G , Siegmund Thorsten , Schumm-Draeger Petra-Maria 
Published: October 2008

The effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiac function are controversial in humans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and in animals. Given the high prevalence and prognostic relevance of diastolic myocardial dysfunction in T2DM, we tested the hypothesis that by reducing oxidative stress rosiglitazone, but not glimepiride, may improve diastolic function. This randomised cross-over study investigated 12 met-formin-treated T2DM patients without cardiovascular disease before and after 16 weeks of additional therapy with rosiglitazone (8 mg daily) or glimepiride (3 mg daily). Systolic and diastolic myocardial velocity (E’) were assessed with tissue Doppler. In spite of similar non-significant lowering of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), rosiglitazone, but not glimepiride, significantly improved E’ (p=0.04), reduced malondialdehyde (p=0.028), lowered high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (p=0.019), and increased adiponectin (p=0.002). For rosiglitazone, multivariate regression analysis revealed malondialdehyde reduction as an independent determinant of treatment-induced improvement in E’. The rosiglitazone-induced improvements of diastolic function and oxidative stress may be of prognostic relevance in choosing therapy for T2DM patients without overt heart disease.
Algorithms for the detection of hazelnut oil in olive oil
Authors: Cert A. , Moreda W. 
Published: October 2008

The fraudulent addition of hazelnut oil to olive oil can be only detected in high proportions (20–25%), using the D7-stigmastenol and the difference between triacylglycerols of equivalent carbon number 42, determined experimentally by HPLC and calculated theoretically from the fatty acid composition (DECN42). A new method lies on a sequential comparison of the values of several algorithms with a database built with data obtained from genuine virgin olive oils. The algorithms are: LLLexp vs %L; (LLL/OLLn)exp - (LLL/OLLn)theor vs DECN44 and (ECN44/LLL)exp vs %L; being LLLexp, OLLnexp, and ECN44exp the percentage of triacylglycerols determined by HPLC; LLLtheor, OLLntheor, and ECN44theor the percentage of those calculated theoretically from the fatty acid composition; DECN44 the difference between the experimental and theoretical value of ECN44; and finally %L the percentage of linoleic acid. The database has been built considering the values obtained from olive oils of different fatty acid composition and from admixtures between them. The method allows the detection of low percentages of hazelnut oil in olive oil (5 %).
Preparation and surface active properties of a-acyloxysuccinic acid derivatives from malic acid and fatty acids of crude rice bran oil
Authors: EL-Dougdoug W. I.A. , Hebash K. A.H. , El-Sawy A. A. 
Published: October 2008

Surface active compounds were prepared from malic acid by esterification with acyl chloride (II)a-d, of [palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and mixed fatty acids of rice bran oil (RBO) (II)e], in the presence of pyridine as catalyst, forming (III)a-e , which are converted to anionic disodium salt (IV)a-e . The prepared a-acyl-oxysuccinic acid derivatives (III)a-e was oxypropenoxylated with various moles of propylene oxide (n= 2, 4, 6 and 8) to give (V-IX)a-d . These compounds were converted to nonionic surfactants with two terminal amide oxime groups (XV-XIX)a-d as molecular aggregations and surface active agents in aqueous media. The structures were confirmed by micro analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectra. The surface active properties of the prepared compounds revealed excellent results.
Treatment technologies of liquid and solid wastes from two-phase olive oil mills
Authors: Borja Rafael , Raposo Francisco , Rincón Bárbara 
Published: October 2008

Over the last 10 years the manufacture of olive oil has undergone important evolutionary changes in the equipment used for the separation of olive oil from the remaining components. The latest development has been the introduction of a two-phase centrifugation process in which a horizontally-mounted centrifuge is used for a primary separation of the olive oil fraction from the vegetable solid material and vegetation water. Therefore, the new two-phase olive oil mills produce three identifiable and separate waste streams. These are: 1) the wash waters from the initial cleansing of the fruit; 2) the wash waters from the secondary centrifuge and 3) the aqueous solid residues from the primary centrifugation. As well as offering process advantages they also reduce the water consumption of the mill. The introduction of this technology was carried out in 90% of Spanish olive oil factories. Therefore, the new twophase olive mill effluents (TPOME) are made up of the mixture of effluents (1) and (2), the total volume of TPOME generated being around 0.25 l/kg of olives processed. In addition, the solid residue (two-phase olive pomace, TPOP) has a high organic matter concentration giving an elevated polluting load and it cannot be easily handled by traditional technology which deals with the conventional three-phase olive cake.So, this paper aims to report the main features and characteristics of TPOME, and of TPOP, as compared to the classical olive mill wastewater (OMW) and olive cake derived from the three-phase manufacturing process. The advantages and disadvantages of the two-phase decanting process will be summarized. Among the treatments reported for TPOME, aerobic processes in completely mixed and activated sludge reactor showed high COD removal efficiencies. Kinetic constants of the aerobic processes were also compared at different operational conditions. The report also includes the following findings: assays of anaerobic digestion of wastewaters from the washing of olives, of olive oil and the two together using fluidised-beds and hybrid reactors; the kinetics, performance, stability, purification efficiencies and methane yield coefficients; other purifying methods for TPOME treatment including oxidation (with different chemical oxidants) and physico-chemical treatments (using different coagulants and flocculants); the anaerobic digestibility of TPOP using different influent substrate concentrations; kinetic studies of anaerobic digestion of TPOP and mass balances to predict the behaviour of the reactor and simplified kinetic models for studying the hydrolysis, acidogenic and methanogenic steps of one and two-stage anaerobic digestion of TPOP. Finally, other methods for treatment and use of TPOP were mentioned, including composting, production of alcohols, mannitol, and other added - value compounds such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, arabinose and glucose. Furfural and activated carbons were also produced from TPOP and included in the report.
Characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil from drought and irrigated regions of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Farooq , Nahid Zafar Syeda , Rashid Umer 
Published: October 2008

The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of M.oleifera seed oil from drought and irrigated regions of Pakistan. The hexane-extracted oil content of M.oleifera seeds harvested from one drought (Layyah) and two irrigated regions (Rahim Yar Khan, Jhang) of Punjab, Pakistan was found to be 30.36 and 35.26, 38.37% respectively. Results of physical and chemical parameters of the extracted oils were as follows: iodine value, 65.86 and 70.50, 67.86; refractive index (40°C), 1.4570 and 1.4582,1.4581; density (24°C), 0.9059 and 0.9069, 0.9002 mg mL-1; saponification value, 181.1 and 183.7, 183.1; unsaponifaiable matter, 0.84 and 0.85, 0.97%; acidity (as oleic acid) 0.28 and 0.35, 0.33%.The induction period (Rancimat 20L/h, 120 °C) of the M.oleifera oil from the drought region was significantly higher (9.63 h) as compared with those of irrigated regions (8.74, 8.33 h). Specific extinctions at 232 and 270 nm were 1.92 and 1.98, 1.68; 1.02 and 0.97, 0.75 respectively. The overall contents of tocopherols (α, γ and δ), which did not differ significantly in the Moringa oils from both regions ranged from 95.85-103.80, 80.26-86.56 and 55.75-64.55 mg kg-1 respectively. Fatty acid profiles of the M.oleifera oils from drought and irrigated regions of Punjab consisted in a high level of oleic acid (up to 72.68 and 75.55, 74.66 %) followed by palmitic and behenic acid (up to 9.26 and 8.76, 9.20 and 5.46 and 3.72, 4.53 %) respectively. Results of various physical and chemical parameters of the investigated M.oleifera seed oils revealed that drought is one of the most visible factors that have amplified the induction period and C22:0 content of the oils and reduced seed weight, oil yield, iodine value and C18:1 content.
Variability in oil tocopherol concentration and composition of traditional and high oleic sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) in the Pampean region (Argentina
Authors: Nolasco Susana M. , Aguirrezábal Luis A.N. , Lúquez Julia , Mateo Carmen 
Published: October 2008

Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of food fat and fulfill an important biological requirement in humans. There are no previous studies on the variability of tocopherol concentration and composition in the oil of sunflower traditional hybrids (TH) and high oleic sunflower hybrids (HOH) from different environments in Argentina. The objective of this work was to detect and examine that variability. Seed samples were obtained from i) seven TH grown in four locations (Experiment I) and, ii) five hybrids (three HOH and two traditional ones) grown in three locations (Experiment II). Concentrations of total tocopherol in oil ranged from 634 to 1054 μg g oil–1. α-tocopherol accounted for 90.8 to 97% of the total tocopherols. Total and α-tocopherol concentrations were highly genetically determined (more than 80%). In Experiment I, a significant, although low in value, interaction between hybrid and location was found for total and α-tocopherol concentrations. In Experiment II, mean values for total tocopherol concentration in HOH and in each environment were larger than in TH. Significant differences for total and α-tocopherol concentration were not found among HOH and environments. The variation of tocopherol concentration for each hybrid across environments was higher than the variation among hybrids in the same environment. To obtain oil with high tocopherol concentration, both hybrid and environment must be selected.
Lipids, fatty acids composition and carotenoids of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in hydroponic wastewater
Authors: Cleber Bertoldi Fabiano , Sant’Anna Ernani , Villela da Costa Braga Maurício , Barcelos Oliveira Jorge Luiz 
Published: October 2008

Alternative culture media have been evaluated for the cultivation of microalgae, among them are, industrial and agriculture wastewaters, that make residue recycling possible by bioconverting it into a rich, nourishing biomass that can be used as a feeding complement in aquaculture and in diverse areas. The objective of this research is to determine the lipid, fatty acid profile and carotenoid produced by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in a hydroponic wastewater, with different dilutions. The results showed that lipid contents did not present significant differences. Fatty acids were predominantly 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:3n-6. For total carotenoids, the dilution of hydroponic wastewater did not stimulate the production of these pigments. From this study, it was determined that, the use of hydroponic wastewater as an alternative culture medium for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris generates good perspectives for lipid, fatty acid and carotenoid production.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of rice bran extracts using different antioxidant assays
Authors: Shahid Chatha Shahzad Ali , Anwar Farooq , Manzoor Maleeha , Rehman Bajwa Jawad -ur- 
Published: October 2008

In the present work the antioxidant activity of different solvent (100% methanol, 80% methanol, 100% acetone, 80% acetone) extracts of rice bran was evaluated following different antioxidant assays and using sunflower oil as oxidation substrate. The rice bran extracts were evaluated from the estimate of % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system, total phenolics content (TPC) and loss of β-carotene in a linoleic acid system. Additionally, crude concentrated rice bran extracts were added into the sunflower oil samples and stored under ambient conditions. The extent of oxidative deterioration was followed by the measurement of peroxide-, p-anisidine-, conjugated diene-, and triene- values. The general order of antioxidant efficacy of rice bran extracts as determined by various antioxidant assays was 80% methanolic extract > 100% methanolic extract > 80% acetone extract > 100% acetone extract. The results of the present comprehensive analysis demonstrate that rice bran extracts of the Super Kernel variety indigenous to Pakistan are a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
Biotechnological alternatives for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids production
Authors: Hinzpeter I. , Shene C. , Masson L. 
Published: October 2008

Fish oils are the main sources of omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic (C20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6ω3) acids. World demand for ω3 PUFA shows an increasing trend mainly due to the growth of the aquaculture industry and also due to the increasing demand for specific PUFA used as food supplements. Bacteria, fungi, microalgae and thraustochytrids are biotechnological PUFA alternatives to fish oils. These sources are characterized by specific PUFA profiles whose productivity depends on strain and growth conditions. PUFA content in bacteria is low; microalgae synthesize mixtures of PUFA; fungi system productivity is low due to long fermentation times. In heterotrofic cultures of thraustochytrids high concentrations of PUFA can be obtained. Moreover, many strains are able to synthesize a single ω3 PUFA. The optimization of fermentation systems and the development of technology capable of large-scale production are needed in order to make these alternatives feasible.
Proximate composition, fatty acids and physicochemical characteristics of artesian meal caribe (Serrasalmus rhombeus Pisces: Characidae) meal oil from Caicara del Orinoco-Venezuela
Authors: Belén-Camacho Douglas R. , García David , Moreno-Álvarez Mario José , Medina Carlos , Granados Ángel 
Published: October 2008

Caribe (Serrasalmus rhoembeus) is a Characidae fish that lives in the basins of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers. It is an underutilized specie although in the last years has been marketed in the form of of a meal which is obtained through a handmade process but without information about its chemical composition. This research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of commercial caribe meal, the fatty acids profile and some physicochemical properties of its lipidic extract. Three aleatory samples of meal were selected in Caicara del Orinoco shops, Bolívar state –Venezuela. Moisture (6.00 ± 0.45 %), crude protein (N x 6.25: 52.78 ± 2.36 %), crude fat (22.47 ± 1.08 %) and total ash (24.58 ± 3.12 %) were determined in each sample. The fat was extracted with nhexane and it was analyzed for free fatty acids (5.66 ± 0.15 % as oleic acid), peroxide value (23.50 ± 1.02 meq O2/kg), iodine value (152.2 ± 0.5), saponification value (186.5 ± 0.3 mg KOH/g) and unsaponifiable matter (2.3 ± 0.4 g/kg). The fatty acids profile showed an unsaturated acids/ saturated acids ratio of 5.62 with 59.9 % of monounsaturated fatty acids and 25.0 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Caribe meal is an important source of nutrients and a potential raw material for human food.
Effect of salinity on yield and quality of Moringa oleifera seed oil
Authors: Anwar Farooq , Ijaz Hussain Abdullah , Ashraf Muhammad , Jamail Amer , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: October 2008

Variation in the yield and composition of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed oil from two differently adopted (non-saline and saline) provinces of Pakistan was examined. Hexaneextracted M. oleifera seeds from saline and non-saline areas contained 33.50% and 32.79% oil yield, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the physical (refractive index (40 oC), color and specific gravity (24 °C) or chemical (iodine value, free fatty acid value, peroxide value, unsaponifiable matter, saponification value, conjugated diene and triene values and p-anisidine value) characteristics of the oils obtained from both areas. The concentration of C18:1 and C16:0 was significantly (P < 0.001) higher whereas, that of C14:0 was lower in M. oleifera seed oils from the saline area. A tocopherol analysis demonstrated the concentration of α- and δ-tocopherol of Moringa seed oils to be significantly (P < 0.001) higher from the saline area. Whereas, the contents of γ-tocopherol was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the Moringa seed oils native to the non-saline area. Results from the present study revealed that salinity did not affect the oil content of M. oleifera seeds. Nevertheless, it might affect the tocopherol and fatty acid profiles of M. oleifera seed oil.