bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon, natural and synthetic sorbents for decontamination of objects of ecosystems from pathogenic microflora
Authors: Shvets D. , Denisova T. , Strelko V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPhysico-chemical characteristics and sorption activity of carbon, organosilica sorbents and their modified forms towards proteins, possessing specific activity, and cholerae vibrio have been studied. It was found, that carbon materials modified by copper (II) effectively extracts cholerae vibrio (100%) and may be recommended for disinfection of drinking water. Sorption capacity of organosilica sorbents and their modified by copper (II) forms towards pathogenic microflora (E.coli, St.aureus, Ps.aeruginosa) depending on the composition of the sorbents, concentration of the modified reagent, pH of medium have been evaluated. The rows of the increase of sorption of pathogenic microorganisms by synthetic sorbents in water-salt solutions were established: Al(III)<Zn(II)<Cu (II). It was shown that inhibiting effect of modified synthetic organosilica and natural sorbents towards such pathogenic microorganisms as E-coli, St.aureus Ps.aeruginosa and fungus Bacillus pyocyaneus accordingly is equal 80–98%.
Aqueous p-nitrotoluene oxidation induced with direct glow discharge plasma
Authors: Gao Jinzhang , Liu Yongjun , Yang Wu , Pu Lumei , Yu Jie , Lu Quanfang 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A plasma induced degradation process has been studied to treat 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT) present as an aqueous pollutant. The plasma was locally generated from a glow discharge around a tip of a platinum anode in an electrolytic solution. The influence of initial pH and Fe2+ on the degradation was examined. Major intermediates resulting from the degradation process were identified. Amongst the aromatic intermediates, p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the predominant degradation product. The formation of oxalic acid, malic acid was also observed. The final products of degradation were NH4+, NO3− and CO2. Based on the analysis of intermediates and the kinetic considerations, the degradation was shown to follow a pseudo-first order reaction hence, a possible reaction pathway was proposed.
Rational design and convenient synthesis of a novel family of ruthenium complexes with O,N-bidentate ligands
Authors: Drozdzak Renate , Ledoux Nele , Allaert Bart , Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Verpoort Francis 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A two step procedure for the synthesis of a novel family of homogeneous and immobilized Ru-complexes containing Schiff bases as O,N-bidentate ligands is described. The new Ru-complexes have been structurally characterized by IR, Raman,1H-,13C-NMR spectroscopy. The Schiff bases were associated with a diversity of inorganic and organic ligands such as chloride, phosphane, arenes, various carbenes (alkylidene, vinylidene, indenylidene and allenylidene as well as N-heterocyclic carbenes) and cyclodienes. By choosing a selective range of substituents for the Schiff base, useful physical and chemical properties of the prepared Rucomplexes can be induced. This synthetic approach is promising in creating a valuable and diverse selection of Ru-complexes, valuable for future applications.
Spectrophotometric determination of oxygen content in calcium substituted RBCO (R=Eu, Gd, Er) superconductors
Authors: Stoyanova-Ivanova Angelina , Nedeltcheva Tsvetanka , Vladimirova Latinka 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The oxygen stoichiometry in R1−x
CaxBa2Cu3Oy (R=Eu, Er, Gd; x=0, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) superconducting bulk samples was determined spectrophotometrically. The dependence of the critical temperature on the y-oxygen coefficient and the x-coefficient of the included calcium was studied.
On the mechanism of electroluminescence emission by porous silicon layers
Authors: Velasco Jaime 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The analytical treatment of a model considering the electrooxidation of p-porous silicon layers under galvanostatic conditions is able to give account of experimental facts such as the shape and location of the electroluminescence peak as well as of the spectral shift of the electroluminescence peak produced by oxidation. The proposed model considers electroluminescence to be the result of electron injection into the conduction band by an adsorbed intermediate produced by electrooxidation of the surface coverage with hydrogen or siloxene of the silicon nanocrystallites. The access of holes to the surface is made possible by low accumulation layer conditions and is the rate determining step in the electroluminescence mechanism. In this way it is possible to give a satisfactory explanation to the shift towards the blue experimented by the electroluminiscence emission maximum as a consequence of electrooxidation.
Catalytic air oxidation of manganese in synthetic waters
Authors: Kaya Nihan , Karadurmus Erdal , Alicilar Ahmet 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
An attempt was made to study the oxidation of manganese by air in synthetic waters. A series of batch experments were performed at differnet values of concentration, temperature and pH. Unoxidized manganese in the solution was determined by formaldoxime spectrometric method. Results of these studies indicated that the air oxidation of manganese soluble in water can be effectively performed in basic media and that oxidation yield increasedwith an increase in pH and concentration. The yield was very high in the presence of manganese dioxide, sepiolite or clinoptilolite in solution and, the oxidation was almost completed especially at high values of pH and concentration. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to Mn2+ with a very low activation energy. A yield of 62% was obtained for the air oxidation of wastewater taken from the treatment plant of Corum Municipality.
Complex symmetrized calculations on ammonia vibrational levels
Authors: Rashev Svetoslav , Tsonev Lyubo , Zhechev Dimo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
This paper introduces a fully symmetrized Hamiltonian formalism designed for description of vibrational motion in ammonia (and any XH3 molecule). A major feature of our approach is the introduction of complex basis vibrational wavefunctions in product form, satisfying the complex symmetry species (CSS) of the molecular symmetric top point group (D
3h). The described formalism for ammonia is an adaptation of the approach, previously developed and applied to benzene, based on the CSS of the point group D
6h. The molecular potential energy surface (PES) is presented in the form of a Taylor series expansion around the planar equilibrium state. Using the described formalism, calculations have been carried out on the vibrational overtone and combination levels in 14NH3 up to vibrational excitation energies corresponding to the fourth N-H stretch overtone. The results from the calculations are adjusted to experimentally measured data, in order to determine the values of the harmonic and some anharmonic force constants of the molecular PES.
Early postoperative gastric enteral nutrition improve gastric emptying after cardiac surgery
Authors: Šustić Alan , Zelić Marko , Medved Igor , Sokolić Jadranko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Postoperative intragastric enteral feeding in cardiac surgery patients is frequently complicated by delayed gastric emptying. The aim of the study was to evaluate how early postoperative gastric enteral nutrition affects the gastric emptying in coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) surgery patients.
In the prospective, randomized study 40 patients treated at intensive care unit after CABG surgery were studied. Patients were divided in two groups: enteral feeding group E (20 patients: age 59±8 yr.; male 70%) and control group C (20 patients: age 58±10 yr.; male 80%), respectively. Paracetamol absorption test was used to evaluate gastric emptying. In the group E postoperative gastric supply of enteral formula begun 18 hours after surgery and after 6 hours the supply was stopped and paracetamol solution was administrated by nasogastric tube. The patients in group C for.rst 24 hours received only crystalloid solutions intravenously and paracetamol solution by nasogastric tube. Blood samples were obtained at 0 (t0), 15 (t+15), 30 (t+30), 60 (t+60) and 120 (t+120) min after administration of paracetamol.
The values of plasma paracetamol concentration (PPC) at 15 and 120 min were significantly higher in group E vs. group C: (t+15) 3.3±2.5
vs. 1.7±1.9 and (t+120) 5.2−2.8 vs. 3.3±1.6 (p <0.05). The PPC values at 30 and 60 min were higher, but not signi.cantly, in group E vs. group C: (t+30) 3.7±2.0 vs. 2.9±2.7 and (t+60) 5.1±3.2 vs. 3.9±3.5 (p = NS). The area under the PPC curve was 429 ± 309 in the E group vs. 293 ± 204 in the group C (p < 0.05).
In conclusion an early postoperative gastric administration of nutritients after CABG surgery stimulates the gastric emptying.
Black smoke air pollution and daily non-accidental mortality in Nis, Serbia
Authors: Bogdanovic Dragan , Nikic Dragana , Milosevic Zoran , Stankovic Aleksandra 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The short-term effects of ambient black smoke concentrations on total non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortalities in Nis, during the 2000-2003 period, were investigated.
Daily measurements for black smoke (BS), as well as the daily number of deaths have been collected. Generalised linear models extending Poisson regression were applied. The e.ects of time trend, seasonal variations, days of the week, temperature, humidity and air pressure were adjusted.
The per cent increase in the daily number of total deaths associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in BS was 1.13% (0.08–2.20%). The e.ect size was slightly higher for cardiovascular mortality (1.25%, 95% CI: 0.53–1.97%). There was no signi.cant association between air pollution and respiratory mortality.
These results indicate that current levels of ambient BS have signi.cant e.ects on total and cardiovascular mortalities in Nis.
Model reference adaptive iterative learning control for linear systems
Authors: Tayebi A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) strategy for continuous‐time single‐input single‐output (SISO) linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with unknown parameters, performing repetitive tasks. This is achieved through the introduction of a discrete‐type parametric adaptation law in the ‘iteration domain’, which is directly obtained from the continuous‐time parametric adaptation law used in standard MRAC schemes. In fact, at the first iteration, we apply a standard MRAC to the system under consideration, while for the subsequent iterations, the parameters are appropriately updated along the iteration‐axis, in order to enhance the tracking performance from iteration to iteration. This approach is referred to as the model reference adaptive iterative learning control (MRAILC). In the case of systems with relative degree one, we obtain a pointwise convergence of the tracking error to zero, over the whole finite time interval, when the number of iterations tends to infinity. In the general case, i.e. systems with arbitrary relative degree, we show that the tracking error converges to a prescribed small domain around zero, over the whole finite time interval, when the number of iterations tends to infinity. It is worth noting that this approach allows: (1) to extend existing MRAC schemes, in a straightforward manner, to repetitive systems; (2) to avoid the use of the output time derivatives, which are generally required in traditional iterative learning control (ILC) strategies dealing with systems with high relative degree; (3) to handle systems with multiple tracking objectives (i.e. the desired trajectory can be iteration‐varying). Finally, simulation results are carried out to support the theoretical development. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamical adaptive synchronization
Authors: Efimov D. V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe notions of dynamical synchronization and adaptive dynamical synchronization problems are introduced. The algorithm solving adaptive synchronization problem for a subclass of Lurie systems with exciting input is proposed. The performance and potentialities of proposed solutions are demonstrated by two examples related to formation control and self‐organization of swarm systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Mesoporous Silica Functionalized with Alkyl‐Hydroperoxides
Authors: Sasidharan M. , Kiyozumi Y. , Mal N. K. , Mizukami F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA variety of alkyl hydroperoxides such as tert‐butyl‐, tert‐octyl‐, 1‐cyclopentyl‐, 1‐cyclohexyl‐, 3,4‐disubstituted‐1‐cyclohexyl‐, n‐propyl, and n‐undecyl‐hydroperoxides have been functionalized onto ordered mesoporous silica, SBA‐15, from the corresponding covalently anchored synthons. All the tert‐hydroperoxides are prepared by autoxidation using molecular O2 and an initiator, whereas other hydroperoxides are obtained by reaction with H2O2. For autoxidation, the use of a combination of an azoinitiator (AIBN) and N‐hydroxyphthalimide increased the hydroperoxide yield compared with using the azoinitiator alone. Synthons containing two or more tert‐ and sec‐hydrogens lead to higher peroxide yield compared to synthons with a single reactive site. Oxidation of Si–OH (silanol groups) with acidic H2O2 at low temperature produces Si–OOH. Reusability of these alkyl hydroperoxides is carried out by oxidation of alcohols obtained from the corresponding alkyl hydroperoxides using H2O2. Both the covalently anchored synthons and the resulting hydroperoxides are thoroughly characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, 13C cross‐polarized magic angle spinning NMR, TG/DTA, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, sorption, and surface area measurements. The quantification of the amount of alkyl hydroperoxide was carried out by iodometric titration using a thio solution. The hydroperoxides exhibit high activity for the epoxidation of styrene to styrene oxide and exhibit reasonably high efficiency for oxygen transfer.
Mesostructured Silica Chemically Doped with RuII as a Superior Optical Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Lei B. , Li B. , Zhang H. , Lu S. , Zheng Z. , Li W. , Wang Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNovel oxygen sensors consisting of a [Ru(bpy)2phen]2+ (bpy: 2,2′‐bipyridyl, phen: phenathroline) portion covalently grafted to a mesostructured silica‐based network are prepared in situ via a sol–gel approach with the help of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) surfactant. 1,10‐Phenanthroline covalently grafted to 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate is used as not only the sol–gel precursor but also as the second ligand of the Ru(bpy)2Cl2 · 2H2O complex to prepare the sol–gel‐derived mesostructured silicates for an oxygen sensor. For comparison purposes, the oxygen sensors in which [Ru(bpy)2phen]Cl2 is conventionally physically incorporated into the matrix are also prepared. Elemental analysis, NMR, Fourier transform IR, UV‐vis electronic absorption, luminescence‐intensity quenching Stern–Volmer plots, and excited‐state decay analysis are used to characterize the obtained oxygen sensors. These obtained bulk xerogels and spin‐coated thin films show that the homogeneity and the sensitivity of the covalently grafted samples are superior to those of the physically incorporated ones, and the highest sensitivity is obtained in the mesostructured bulk xerogel. This improvement in oxygen sensitivity is attributed to the increased diffusivity of oxygen in the uniform and nearly parallel porous structure of the Mobil Catalytic Material 41 mesostructured matrix, the enhanced homogeneity results from the covalently grafted propyl group in –Si–(CH2)3– that acts as the fundamental spacer which prevents interaction between the attached RuII complex and the silica matrix, and optimal dispersion in the mesopores during the sol–gel polycondensation. Furthermore, the greatly minimized leaching effect of the sensing molecules could be observed in the covalently grafted system. The covalent grafting strategy presented in this paper provides superior optical oxygen sensors with homogeneous distribution, improved sensitivity, and simplified calibration plots.
Highly Fluorinated Comb‐Shaped Copolymers as Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs): Improving PEM Properties Through Rational Design
Authors: Norsten T. B. , Guiver M. D. , Murphy J. , Astill T. , Navessin T. , Holdcroft S. , Frankamp B. L. , Rotello V. M. , Ding J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new class of comb‐shaped polymers for use as a proton conducting membrane is presented. The polymer is designed to combine the beneficial physical, chemical, and structural attributes of fluorinated Nafion‐like materials with higher‐temperature, polyaromatic‐based polymer backbones. The comb‐shaped polymer unites a rigid, polyaromatic, hydrophobic backbone with lengthy hydrophilic polymer side chains; this combination affords direct control over the polymer nanostructure within the membrane and results in distinct microphase separation between the opposing domains. The microphase separation serves to compartmentalize water into the hydrophilic polymer side chain domains, resulting in effective membrane water management and excellent proton conductivities.
The First Inert and Photostable Encapsulated Lanthanide(III) Complexes Based on Dendritic 9,10‐Diphenylanthracene Ligands: Synthesis, Strong Near‐Infrared Emission Enhancement, and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Baek N. S. , Kim Y. H. , Roh S.‐G. , Kwak B. K. , Kim H. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of inert and photostable encapsulated lanthanide(III) complexes—based on dendritic anthracene ligands—is shown for the first time to exhibit strong near‐IR emission bands via efficient energy transfer from the excited states of the peripheral antenna to the Ln3+ ions (Er3+, Yb3+, and Nd3+). A significant decrease in the fluorescence of the anthracene ligand is accompanied by a strong increase in the near‐IR emission of the Ln3+ ions. The near‐IR emission intensities of Ln3+ ions in the encapsulated Ln3+–dendrimer complexes are dramatically enhanced on increasing the generation number (n) of dendrons, owing to site‐isolation and light‐harvesting effects. Furthermore, a first attempt is made to distinguish between the site‐isolation and light‐harvesting effects in the present complexes. Photophysical studies indicate the sensitization of Ln3+ luminescence by energy transfer through the excited singlet state of the anthracene ligands, and the energy‐transfer efficiency between the dendritic anthracene ligands and the Ln3+ ion is evaluated to be in the range of 90 to 97 %. Their energy‐transfer efficiency is in good agreement with the result that the biexponential decays contain a radiative decay of anthracene units (< ca. 10 %) and an energy‐transfer component (> ca. 90 %) from the excited state of anthracene ligands to the Ln3+ ions. Time‐resolved luminescence spectra show monoexponential decays with a lifetime of 2 μs for the Er3+ ion 11 μs for the Yb3+ ion and 0.7 μs for the Nd3+ ion in thin films, and calculated intrinsic quantum yields of the Ln3+ ions are in the range of ca. 0.025 to 0.55 %.
Analysis of cake filtration data—A critical assessment of conventional filtration theory
Authors: Teoh Soo‐Khean , Tan R. B. H. , Tien Chi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractExperimental results of constant‐pressure cake filtration of aqueous suspensions of four kinds of particles: CaCO3, Kaolin, Kromasil and TiO2 is presented. The data reported consist mainly of filtration performance results, that is, the cumulative filtrate volume and cake thickness as functions of time, which were obtained using a newly developed multifunction test cell. Based on these data, the medium resistance and the average cake specific resistance at various operating pressure were evaluated and corroborated with the results obtained from the compression‐permeability (C‐P) cell measurements. The filtration results were also compared with predictions from the solutions of the appropriate volume‐averaged equations of continuity using different pl − ps relationships. Generally speaking, with the appropriate pl − ps relationship, agreement between experiments and prediction was satisfactory. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Variation in cortical bone histology within the human femur and its impact on estimating age at death
Authors: Chan Andrea H.W. , Crowder Christian M. , Rogers Tracy L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHistological methods for the estimation of age at death using cortical bone are based on the evaluation of microstructural changes over time. Since histological analysis is a destructive method, most techniques attempt to limit the amount of cortical bone needed for analysis. Sample location, however, can have a significant effect on the accuracy of these methods. Furthermore, research demonstrates that both intersection and intrasection variation is present at the midshaft of the femur, which is the primary location for estimating age at death in humans. This research determines the extent of regional variation within the adult human femur and its effect on age estimation. Secondary osteon lamellae and Haversian canal ratio and cortical thickness were quantified. Thompson's All Males Left Femur regression equation was used to estimate age. Results show that significant regional variation occurs in the estimated ages derived from the posterior aspect of the femoral shaft and significant intrasection variation occurs in age estimates from the mid and mid‐distal cross‐sections. Thus, the inter and intrasection variation that occurs in bone remodeling within the femoral cortex has the potential to produce significant differences amongst age estimates taken from various femoral diaphyseal locations compared to the age estimated from the standard location used in Thompson's core method (1978). The results indicate that the use of this histological method is dependant on the ability to correctly identify the four anatomical locations, but the extracted core used for age estimation is not necessarily confined to the anterior midshaft. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.