bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cDNA cloning of myosin heavy chain genes from medaka Oryzias latipes embryos and larvae and their expression patterns during development
Authors: Ono Yosuke , Liang Chunshi , Ikeda Daisuke , Watabe Shugo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSeveral sarcomeric myosin heavy chains (MYHs) were cloned from embryos and larvae of medaka Oryzias latipes. Three genes encoding medaka MYHs (mMYHs) predominantly expressed in embryos (mMYHemb1) and larvae (mMYHL1 and mMYHL2), all belonged to fast skeletal MYHs, showing spatiotemporally different expression patterns during development. Besides these mMYHs, a few novel mMYHs were cloned from embryos and larvae at hatching. Whereas mMYHemb2, mMYHemb3, and mMYHL3 belonged to fast skeletal MYH, mMYHC1 and mMYHC2 did to slow/cardiac MYH. mMYHemb1 was expressed ahead of mMYHL1 and mMYHL2. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the transcripts of mMYHemb1 and mMYHC1 were located in the horizontal myoseptum, whereas those of mMYHL1 and mMYHL2 in the inner part of myotomes and pharyngeal muscles, and those of mMYHC2 in the heart rudiment. In silico cloning based on the medaka genome database showed another mMYHs of the slow/cardiac types, mMYHC3 and mMYHC4. Developmental Dynamics 235:3092–3101, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gangliogenesis in the enteric nervous system: Roles of the polysialylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule and its regulation by bone morphogenetic protein‐4
Authors: Faure Christophe , Chalazonitis Alcmène , Rhéaume Catherine , Bouchard Guylaine , Sampathkumar S.‐Gopalan , Yarema Kevin J. , Gershon Michael D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe neural crest–derived cells that colonize the fetal bowel become patterned into two ganglionated plexuses. The hypothesis that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote ganglionation by regulating neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation was tested. Transcripts encoding the sialyltransferases, ST8Sia IV (PST) and ST8Sia II (STX), which polysialylate NCAM, were detectable in fetal rat gut by E12 but were downregulated postnatally. PSA‐NCAM‐immunoreactive neuron numbers, but not those of NCAM, were developmentally regulated similarly. Circular smooth muscle was transiently (E16–20) PSA‐NCAM‐immunoreactive when it is traversed by migrating precursors of submucosal neurons. Neurons developing in vitro from crest‐derived cells immunoselected at E12 with antibodies to p75NTR expressed NCAM and PSA‐NCAM. BMP‐4 promoted neuronal NCAM polysialylation and clustering. N‐butanoylmannosamine, which blocks NCAM polysialylation, but not N‐propanoylmannosamine, which does not, interfered with BMP‐4‐induced neuronal clustering. Observations suggest that BMP signaling enhances NCAM polysialylation, which allows precursors to migrate and form ganglionic aggregates during the remodeling of the developing ENS. Developmental Dynamics 236:44–59, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sp5l is a mediator of Fgf signals in anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm in zebrafish embryo
Authors: Sun Zhihui , Zhao Jue , Zhang Yu , Meng Anming 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe neuroectoderm is patterned along the anterior‐posterior axis in vertebrate embryos. Fgf signals are required to induce the posterior neuroectodermal fates, but they repress the anterior fate. Sp5l/Spr2, an Sp1‐like transcription factor family member, has been shown to be required for development of mesoderm and posterior neuroectoderm. We demonstrate here that repression of the anterior neuroectodermal markers fez and otx1 by fgf17b or fgf3 coincides with induction of sp5l in the anterior neuroectoderm, and that this repression is efficiently rescued by simultaneous sp5l knockdown. On the other hand, sp5l knockdown is able to inhibit inductive activity of ectopic Fgf signals on the expression of the posterior neuroectodermal markers gbx2, hoxb1b, and krox20. Furthermore, effect of overexpression of a dominant negative Fgf receptor on anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm is rescued by sp5l overexpression. Taken together, these data suggest that sp5l mediates the functions of Fgf signals in anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm during zebrafish embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:2999–3006, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A retrospective comparison of purging type disorders: Eating disorder not otherwise specified and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Wade Tracey D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective:In light of recent research indicating the clinical significance of eating disorder not otherwise specified‐purging only (EDNOS‐P), differences between women with lifetime bulimia nervosa purging subtype (BN‐P) and EDNOS‐P were examined.Method:Three groups of women were examined, a control group (n = 684) and two groups with lifetime eating disorders: BN‐P (n = 22), and EDNOS‐P (n = 53).Results:Women with lifetime BN‐P were significantly more likely to use vomiting than women with EDNOS‐P but the latter group relied more on laxative abuse. Compared with controls, women with both eating disorders had higher weight and shape concern, dietary restraint, lifetime major depression, and suicidality. The BN‐P group had significantly higher eating concern, dietary restraint, and suicidality than the EDNOS‐P group.Conclusion:In accordance with previous research examining women with current eating disorders, EDNOS‐P is indicated to be clinically significant. On the whole, the pattern of results indicated that EDNOS‐P lies somewhere between BN‐P and healthy controls in its clinical significance. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Evaluating binge eating disorder in children: Development of the children's binge eating disorder scale (C‐BEDS)
Authors: Shapiro Jennifer R. , Woolson Sandra L. , Hamer Robert M. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Marcus Marsha D. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective:Binge eating disorder (BED) may manifest itself differently in children than adults. Recently researchers have proposed provisional criteria for measuring BED in children. The purpose of this study was to develop a brief, simple, structured, interviewer‐administered scale (C‐BEDS) to measure BED in children according to the provisional criteria and to compare diagnostic results with SCID diagnoses.Method:A total of 55 children between the ages of 5 and 13 were interviewed with both the SCID and the C‐BEDS.Results:There was a significant association between the two measures (p = .001). Both measures adequately identified children with binge eating behaviors.Conclusion:Both the provisional criteria and the C‐BEDS may be developmentally appropriate for use with children, although the C‐BEDS may be a better screening instrument as it quickly identified children with subsyndromal BED. If used by physicians and other health providers, this brief measure may assist with identifying early onset binge eating behaviors and avoiding the associated consequences, including adult BED, obesity, and other comorbidities. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Facets of acculturation and their diverse relations to body shape concern in Fiji
Authors: Becker Anne E. , Fay Kristen , Gilman Stephen E. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective:The present study examines the relation between acculturation and body shape concern in Fiji—a society undergoing rapid social change.Method:Data were from two cohorts of ethnic Fijian girls and women collected in 1998 (n = 115). A factor analysis was performed to identify dimensions of acculturation. The association of these with body shape concern was examined with linear regression.Results:Three dimensions of acculturation were identified. Multiple linear regression models demonstrated that each of these dimensions of acculturation had a unique relation to body shape concern. The adjusted R2 for the fully adjusted model relating acculturation to body concern was 0.63, indicating a substantial degree of shared variation between measures of body shape concern and measures of acculturation.Conclusion:Acculturation may have a strong impact on body shape concern in Fiji. However, acculturation is a multidimensional construct and does not likely have a monolithic relation to body shape concern. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Biosolids
Authors: Orhan Y. , Hrenovič J. , Büyükgüngör H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn a study where the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is the primary aim, the biosorption of heavy metals onto biosolids prepared as Pseudomonas aeruginosa immobilized onto granular activated carbon was investigated in batch and column systems. In the batch system, adsorption equilibriums of heavy metals were reached between 20 and 50 min, and the optimal dosage of biosolids was 0.3 g/L. The biosorption efficiencies were 84, 80, 79, 59 and 42 % for Cr(VI), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. The rate constants of biosorption and pore diffusion of heavy metals were 0.013–0.089 min–1 and 0.026–0.690 min–0.5. In the column systems, the biosorption efficiencies for all heavy metals increased up to 81–100 %. The affinity of biosorption for various metal ions towards biosolids was decreased in the order: Cr = Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd.
Tissue Cultured Mountain Ginseng Adventitious Roots™: Safety and Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Sivakumar G. , Yu K. W. , Lee J. S. , Kang J. K. , Lee H. L. , Kim W. J. , Paek K. Y. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPanax ginseng has strong anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant activity, various physiological functions, and is used as a nutritional and medicinal supplement. Tissue cultured mountain ginseng adventitious roots™ (TCMGARs) powder, which is derived from commercial scale bioreactor cultures, was tested for its consumption safety. The reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration and the micronucleus tests were found to show no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, thirteen weeks of repeated dose toxicity of TCMGARs oral doses from 300–900 mg/kg, with a four‐week recovery period, did not produce mortality or significant changes in the general behavior and gross appearance of the internal organs of rats. The absolute body weight, urine test, haematology, blood chemistry, absolute organ weight and histopathological examination of both main and recovery groups revealed that there were no differences between the control and the treated rats. These results confirm that TCMGARs are safe and nontoxic at an average dietary consumption level.
Bioleaching of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment: Influence of Temperature and Oxygen (Part 1)
Authors: Löser C. , Zehnsdorf A. , Görsch K. , Seidel H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA remediation process for heavy metal polluted sediment has previously been developed in which the heavy metals are removed from the sediment by solid‐bed bioleaching using elemental sulfur (S0): the added S0 is oxidized by the indigenous microbes to sulfuric acid that dissolves the heavy metals which are finally extracted by percolating water. In this process, the temperature is a factor crucially affecting the rate of S0 oxidation and metal solubilization. Here, the effect of temperature on the kinetics of S0 oxidation has been studied: oxidized Weiße Elster River sediment (dredged near Leipzig, Germany) was mixed with 2 % S0, suspended in water and then leached at various temperatures. The higher the temperature was, the faster the S0 oxidized, and the more rapid the pH decreased. But temperatures above 35 °C slowed down S0 oxidation, and temperatures above 45 °C let the process – after a short period of acidification to pH 4.5 – stagnate. The latter may be explained by the presence of both neutrophilic to less acidophilic thermotolerant bacteria and acidophilic thermosensitive bacteria. Within 42 days, nearly complete S0 oxidation and maximum heavy metal solubilization only occurred at 30 to 45 °C. The measured pH(t) courses were used to model the rate of S0 oxidation depending on the temperature using an extended Arrhenius equation. Since molecular oxygen is another factor highly influencing the activity of S0‐oxidizing bacteria, the effect of dissolved O2 (controlled by the O2 content in the gas supplied) on S0 oxidation was studied in suspension: the indigenous S0‐oxidizing bacteria reacted quite tolerant to low O2 concentrations; the rate of S0 oxidation – measured as the specific O2 consumption – was not affected until the O2 content of the suspension was below 0.05 mg/L, i.e., the S0‐oxidizing bacteria showed a high affinity to O2 with a half‐saturation constant of about 0.01 mg/L. Stoichiometric coefficients describing the relationship between the mass of S0, O2 and CO2 consumed are scarcely available. The growth of S0‐oxidizing, obligate aerobic, autotrophic bacteria was, therefore, stoichiometrically balanced (by using a yield coefficient of YX/S = 0.146 g cells/g S0, calculated with data from the literature): 24.14 S0 + 29.21 O2 + 27.14 H2O + 5 CO2 + NO3–→ C5H7O2N + 24.14 SO42– + 47.28 H+, which resulted in Y = 1.21 g O2/g S0 and Y = 0.28 g CO2/g S0.
Bioleaching of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment: Influence of Sediment Properties (Part 2)
Authors: Löser C. , Zehnsdorf A. , Hoffmann P. , Seidel H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA remediation process for heavy metal polluted sediment has previously been developed, in which the heavy metals are removed from the sediment by solid‐bed bioleaching using sulfuric acid as a leaching agent arising from added elemental sulfur (S0). This process has been engineered with Weiße Elster River sediment (dredged near Leipzig, Germany), as an example. Here, six heavy metal polluted sediments originating from various bodies of water in Germany were subjected to bioleaching to evaluate the applicability of the developed process on sediment of different nature: each sediment was mixed with 2 % S0, suspended in water and then leached under identical conditions. The buffer characteristics of each sediment were mainly governed by its carbonate and Ca content, i.e., by its geological background, the redox potential and oxidation state depended on its pre‐treatment (e.g., on land disposal), while the pH value was influenced by both. The added S0 was quickly oxidized by the indigenous microbes even in slightly alkaline sediment. The microbially generated H2SO4 accumulated in the aqueous phase and was in part precipitated as gypsum. Significant acidification and heavy metal solubilization only occurred with sediment poor in buffer substances. With the exception of one sediment, the behavior in bioleaching correlated well with the behavior in titration with H2SO4. Since the content in carbonate seemed to be the most important factor deciding on the leachability of a sediment, oxic Weiße Elster River sediment was mixed with 2 % S0 and 0 to 100 g/kg of ground limestone to simulate various buffer capacities, suspended in water and then leached. The lime did not inhibit microbial S0 oxidation but generated a delay in acidification due to neutralization of formed H2SO4, where the pH only started to decrease when the lime was completely consumed. The more lime the sediment contained, the longer this lag period lasted, and the higher the pH and the lower the fraction of the solubilized heavy metals finally was. Since Cu requires stronger acidic conditions for its solubilization, it responded more sensitively to lime addition than Zn, Ni, and Cd. Heavy metal polluted sediment containing large amounts of carbonate may, in principle, also be remediated by bioleaching, but metal solubilization requires excessive amounts of the leaching agent and is thus uneconomical.
Use of Hydrocyclones for Mammalian Cell Retention: Separation Efficiency and Cell Viability (Part 1)
Authors: Elsayed E. A. , Medronho R. A. , Wagner R. , Deckwer W.‐D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA hydrocyclone with a volume of 2.56 cm3 was studied as a potential cell retention device for mammalian cell cultures (6 L volume). For the feasible operation range (0.9 to 1.6 L/min flow corresponding to pressure drops of 0.4 to 1.3 bar) the hydrocyclone was characterized with regard to flow split (underflow‐to‐overflow ratio) and flow ratio (underflow to supply). Cultures of BHK and HeLa cells (with low cell concentrations) were applied to measure separation efficiency and cell viability for a hydrocyclone operation period of 3 min corresponding to a cell suspension throughput of 2.7 to 4.8 L. Cell separation efficiencies ranged from 0.77 to 0.97 and cell viability was not affected except for BHK cells in the overflow at the highest pressure drop (1.3 bar). As the overflow is commonly used for product harvest and cells are discarded, the application of the hydrocyclone has no detrimental effect on the reactor perfusion system. The results indicate that only cells passing from the primary vortex downwards into the inner secondary vortex and from there upwards could be damaged. Evidence for this hypothesis is obtained from operating the hydrocyclone with closed overflow (only centrifugal forces acting) for a period of 3 h. In these studies no significant effect on cell viability could be detected for HeLa and CHO cells. Hence, the results indicate that the hydrocyclone can be appropriately used for cell retention and separation in perfusion cultures. Application at higher pressures is recommended whereby separation efficiencies of 0.97 without any loss in viability can be achieved.
Inactivation Effects on Proteins in a Needle‐free Vaccine Injector
Authors: Ziegler A. S. , Schluecker E. , Reichel‐Lesnianski P. , Alt N. , Lee G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNeedle‐free powder injectors using a supersonic gas jet to force powder particles into the skin are suitable devices for the reliable delivery of powdered vaccines into viable epidermis. The peculiarities of the injection mechanism lead to a more comfortable injection for the patient, but in return to an increase in the stress on the pharmaceutical formulation in comparison to conventional injections with needle and syringe. As a lot of the conceivable drugs for needle‐free powder injection, particularly protein vaccines, are very sensitive bio‐molecules with an extremely fragile molecular structure, their resilience to the potential molecule damaging processes during the actuation with the device and the preservation of their biological activity are the crucial factors. Therefore it was the central aim of this work to identify and investigate the reasons for the loss of biological activity. The imaginable responsible process steps were investigated separately and the amounts of activity loss related to them. The manufacture of the powder and the loading of the cassette containing the formulation are examined. Moreover, the effects of static pressure exposition, the stress occurring because of the particle transport through the injector device, inevitably accompanied by impacts and shear stress and the influence of the particle impact with the target, were the focus of this investigation. Furthermore, different formulations of protein in combination with pharmaceutical excipients well‐known for their protein stabilizing effects during the powder manufacture process were examined in regard to their potential suitability to protect protein against the stress occurring throughout the needle‐free injection.
Effectiveness of Differently Designed Small‐Scale Constructed Wetlands to Decrease the Acidity of Acid Mine Drainage under Field Conditions
Authors: Kuschk P. , Wiessner A. , Buddhawong S. , Stottmeister U. , Kästner M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractConstructed wetlands are a near‐natural method for the treatment of acid mine drainages (AMD). Because of the different site‐specific wastewater qualities and the variability of the used constructed wetlands regarding design, it is difficult to compare their efficiencies on the basis of literature data (often specific removal rates are missing). The AMD treatment efficiencies (pH, acidity) of differently designed planted and unplanted small‐scale constructed wetlands (subsurface flow – SSF, surface flow – SF, and hydroponic – HP systems with an area of 0.55 m2 each) were compared under long‐term field conditions. The planted SF was found to be most effective, reaching mean acidity removal in the range of 80–90 %, and most resistant in view of external influences (i.e., heavy rain events). The planted SSF also showed high efficiency (50–90 %), but much more sensitivity to rain events. In both systems, the pH increased from 3.3 (mean of the inflows) to above 4.5 in the outflows. The efficiencies of the unplanted SF were insufficient and in the range of the (planted and unplanted) HP, i.e., smaller than 40 %. In general, the importance of plants for the success of the neutralization processes could be concluded.
Functional analysis of lung tumor suppressor activity at 3p21.3
Authors: ter Elst Arja , Hiemstra Bea E. , van der Vlies Pieter , Kamminga Wytske , van der Veen Anneke Y. , Davelaar Inge , Terpstra Peter , te Meerman Gerard J. , Gerbens Frans , Kok Klaas , Buys Charles H. C. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe early and frequent occurrence of deletions at 3p21.3 in lung cancer has led to the consideration of this chromosomal region as a lung cancer (LUCA) critical region with tumor suppressor activity. We covered this 19 genes‐containing region with overlapping P1 artificial chromosomes (PACs), in which genes are likely accompanied by their own promoters or other regulatory sequences. With these PACs we transfected cells from a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line which readily caused tumors in nude mice. Per PAC we selected two cell clones with a low number of PAC copies integrated at a single genomic site. The selected clones were s.c. injected into nude mice to investigate whether the integrated genes suppressed the tumor‐inducing capacity of the original SCLC cell line. We could demonstrate PAC‐specific gene expression in the transfected cells. All of the PAC integration sites were different. It appeared that introduction of a PAC or even an empty PAC vector causes some chromosomal instability, which in principle may either promote or inhibit cell growth. However, both cell clones with integration of the same PAC from the centromeric part of the LUCA region in different genomic sites were the sole pair of clones that caused smaller tumors than did the original SCLC cell line. This suggests that rather than the induced chromosomal instability, the DNA sequence of that PAC, which in addition to two protein‐encoding genes contains at least one potential miRNA gene, is responsible for the tumor suppressor activity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.