bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE DURING OVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ONSET OF MENSTRUATION
Authors: Bosu William T. K. , Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The levels of oestrone (E1)*, oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in serial peripheral plasma samples from 11 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during ovulatory menstrual cycles. In 3 other monkeys luteectomy was performed on day 20 or 21 of the menstrual cycle. The mean plasma levels of oestradiol-17β predominated over the mean E1 during the follicular phase, but during the luteal phase the E1 and E2 patterns varied widely. Before menstruation, increased or unchanged levels of E1 and E2 were mostly found. The decrease found in a few monkeys never reached the low levels found during the days after the midcycle peak. The plasma levels of progesterone increased from less than 0.2 ng/ml during the follicular phase to maximal values within 3 to 4 days after the midcycle peak of oestradiol-17β. The plasma levels of progesterone decreased to less than 1 ng/ml and remained low for 3 to 5 days before menstruation. In the luteectomized monkeys the plasma levels of P, E1 and E2 fell dramatically within 24 h and vaginal bleeding was detected within 72 h post-operatively. In 2 of the 3 luteectomized monkeys the levels of E1 and E2 increased before the bleeding. The ratio of oestrogens (oestradiol-17β and oestrone) over progesterone changed markedly in favour of the oestrogens during the pre-menstrual period. It is concluded that the patterns of progesterone and oestrogens are divergent during the luteal phase. The maximal levels of progesterone are reached early while the maximal levels of oestrogens are reached later during the luteal phase.
THE INFLUENCE OF OVERCROWDING ON SPERMATOGENESIS, SIZE OF LEYDIG-CELL NUCLEI (HISTOMETRICAL INVESTIGATION), AND THE ADRENAL CORTICOSTERONE CONTENTS IN MICE
Authors: Gärtner K. , Reznik-Schüller H. , Reznik G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult male NMRI-mice were kept alone or in groups of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 animals for 28 days and were then sacrificed. The corticosterone levels of their adrenals were determined and their testes were examined histometrically. The corticosterone levels of the adrenals increased two-fold with increasing population size. Furthermore the increased population size caused a suppression of some testicular functions: the seminiferous tubules decreased up to 20 % and the relative frequency of the spermatids up to 10 % whereas the numbers of spermatocytes and spermatogonias increased correspondingly. A decrease of about 25 % of the testosterone dependent postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis is assumed. Since the diameters of the Leydig-cell nuclei decreased about 20 %, a reduction of the testicular testosterone secretion can be projected. All measurements proved the group with 5 animals to be the most favourable group size.
GROWTH RETARDATION IN THE LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME
Authors: Skyler Jay S. , Neelon Francis A. , Arnold William J. , Kelley William N. , Lebovitz Harold E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an inherited neurologic disorder due to deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and characterized clinically by self-mutilation, choreoathetosis, spasticity and mental retardation. This study demonstrates that these patients have significant growth retardation similar to that observed in other groups of patients with mental retardation. Endocrine studies indicate that this growth retardation cannot be attributed to pituitary or thyroid dysfunction. Serum somatomedin (sulphation factor) measurements were within the range of normal in 4 of the 5 patients studied. Therefore, the defect in growth and osseous maturation must be due to an abnormality in the end organ (cartilage).
IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN LONG TERM INSULIN TREATED DIABETICS IN RELATION TO DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Hanssen Kristian F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 15 long term insulin dependent diabetics with a normal excretion of albumin in the urine (< 25 mg/24 h), plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) was measured serially together with the urinary immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) during 24 hours.
A positive correlation was shown between mean plasma IRHGH and urinary IRHGH in the individual patient (0.05 > P > 0.02). No significant difference between median plasma IRHGH in the diabetics and controls was observed. However, urinary IRHGH was higher in the diabetics than in the controls (0.05 > P > 0.02). A near positive correlation was shown between urinary IRHGH and glucosuria (R = 0.50, 0.1 > P > 0.05). No correlation was shown between the degree of diabetic retinography and the mean plasma IRHGH or urinary IRHGH.
CHANGES OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN PANCREATIC β-CELLS AFTER STARVATION AND SUBSTRATE DEPRIVATION
Authors: Gylfe Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A procedure for free amino acid measurements in β-cell-rich pancreatic islets from obese-hyperglycaemic mice involving reaction with 3H-dansyl chloride and subsequent chromatographic separation was studied. A characteristic feature of the islets was the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid and of very high taurine concentrations. Islets dissected from fresh pancreas contained more leucine and valine than specimens obtained from freeze-dried pancreatic sections. When micro-dissected islets were incubated in substrate-free medium the concentrations of leucine and valine remained high, whereas aspartic acid decreased. Perifusion of islets with the same type of medium, however, depressed the concentrations of glycine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine and valine. Starvation increased the β-cell concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid and leucine and reduced those of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The possibilities that the amino acid concentrations are influenced by amino acid efflux or the uptake of secreted insulin in combination with protein catabolism are discussed.
EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON INSULIN-INDUCED RELEASE OF GROWTH HORMONE AND CORTISOL IN MAN
Authors: Müller-Hess R. , Geser C. A. , Jéquier E. , Felber J.-P. , Vannotti A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of peripherally administered adrenaline on the secretion of human growth hormone (HGH) and cortisol was investigated in 14 normal subjects. In a control group, HGH and cortisol release was stimulated by insulin infusion for 30 min (0.1 IU/kg). This procedure was compared with a similar insulin infusion which was started 60 min after initiating an adrenaline infusion for 150 min (6 μg/min). Adrenaline did not significantly alter the basal levels of HGH and cortisol. The mean maximal HGH rise during insulin hypoglycaemia (38.9 ± 7.2 ng/ml) was significantly (P < 0.005) inhibited by simultaneously administered adrenaline (9.6 ± 3.0 ng/ml). The same action of adrenaline was also found to be effective on cortisol release. The rise in plasma cortisol after insulin infusion (16.0±1.4 μg/100ml) was suppressed by adrenaline to 6.4 ± 2.2μg/100 ml (P < 0.005). Blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids (FFA), increased by adrenaline administration, were decreased significantly after insulin infusion. These results suggest an inhibitory effect of peripheral adrenaline on insulin-induced secretion of HGH. Blood glucose and plasma FFA levels seem to have no effect on this action. Whether there is a negative feedback between HGH and adrenaline should be considered. It is possible that the inhibition of cortisol release by adrenaline is mediated by an inhibiting effect on ACTH release, in the same manner as on the release of HGH.
SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Gordin A. , Saarinen P. , Pelkonen R. , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml).
The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml).
Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.
PHOSPHORYLATION IN VITRO OF ADRENAL SUBCELLULAR PROTEINS BY ADENOSINE-3′, 5′-MONOPHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE: EFFECT OF ACTH IN VIVO
Authors: Ichii Shogo , Murakami Noriko , Ikeda Akemi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro phosphorylation of protein from rat adrenal subcellular fractions by partially purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase isolated from rat adrenal and liver was investigated. Only proteins from microsomes were found to be a good substrate for the enzyme. Rates of phosphorylation of adrenal microsomal and cytosol proteins isolated from animals which received ACTH were significantly lower than those from untreated control animals. The results obtained in this study seem to indicate that the microsomal proteins are one of the major endogenous substrates of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in rat adrenal glands.
CONVERSION OF LABELLED CHOLESTEROL TO NEUTRAL STEROIDS BY HUMAN OVARIES PERFUSED IN VIVO
Authors: Dell'Acqua S. , Mancuso S. , Catelli M. G. , Bompiani A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four human ovaries in mid-luteal phase have been perfused with tritium labelled cholesterol through the cannulated ovarian artery for thirty minutes. Three 15-min samples of ovarian venous blood have been collected, two during the perfusion and the third in the following 15 min. In two cases, 15 min after the beginning of the perfusion, highly purified human urinary LH was rapidly injected into the ovarian artery. The ovarian tissue and the three fractions of venous blood were analysed for phenolic and neutral steroids.
In the ovarian tissue only progesterone (4-pregnene-3,20-dione), pregnenolone (3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) were isolated.
The amount of progesterone isolated from the two ovaries injected with LH was five times higher as compared with the other two ovaries.
No steroids were present in the samples of venous blood except in the two cases in which LH was injected, where progesterone was isolated only in the third sample.
It is concluded that circulating cholesterol is utilized by the ovary at the mid-luteal phase for the synthesis of C21 steroids and that the presence of LH increases the production and the release of progesterone by the ovary.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ACTH ANTIBODIES
Authors: Proeschel M. F. , Courvalin J. C. , Donnadieu M. , Binoux M. , Girard F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for rapid screening of ACTH antibodies has been developed. It consists of a simplified study of the modification of the antigen-antibody equilibrium by adding standard ACTH.
Different immunization methods have been studied according to the type of antigen and its preparation, the rhythm of injections as well as the amount of ACTH injected.
Among these different methods, using 267 guinea pigs, only the injection of 25 guinea pigs with 30 IU of human ACTH adsorbed on 5 mg of vegetal charcoal made it possible to obtain 7 antibodies suitable for a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay of ACTH in human plasma without previous extraction.
These antibodies react with the portion 17–24 of the ACTH molecule, and their equilibrium constants are distributed from 2.1011 m−1 to 1.1012 m−1. Assays performed with one of these antibodies in the plasma of normal subjects and of patients suffering from adrenal-pituitary axis disorders are essentially identical with the values obtained by bioassay and are in good agreement with the results of radioimmunoassay performed by other investigators.
CHANGES IN SERUM LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE SHORTLY BEFORE AND AFTER PARTURITION IN RATS
Authors: Mori Junichi , Nagasawa Hiroshi , Yanai Reiko , Masaki Junji 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The sequence of changes in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from 2 days before to 24 h after parturition of primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by radioimmunoassay. No appreciable change in average serum FSH levels was observed during 2 days before and 1 h after parturition. After this the levels increased gradually to show a peak at 7 h after parturition and then declined gradually until 24 h after parturition. However, the level at 24 h after parturition was still twice as high as that at parturition (0 h). The average serum LH levels which were low between 2 days before and 1 h after parturition, showed a peak at 7 h and decreased toward 13 h after parturition. The same levels as at parturition were maintained between 13 and 24 h after parturition. The time of surge of either FSH or LH was closely related to the time after parturition. There were some differences between FSH and LH in the patterns of sequence of changes in the serum levels near parturition.
SEX DIMORPHISM IN THE ADRENAL OF HAMSTERS
Authors: Zieger G. , Lux B. , Kubatsch B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenals of the hamster differ in many respects from those of other mammals that have been studied so far. The higher weight and the higher steroid secretion of the male adrenal are conspicuous features.
The adrenals of 144 Syrian golden hamsters between the 1st and 12th week of life were studied histologically and histometrically in order to see whether these sex differences also show up in the morphology of the adrenals.
Histologically in both sexes a typical zonation in glomerulosa and fasciculata could be observed from the 2nd week onwards. Both zones consist of compact cells. Already at the end of the 4th week in some sections, sex-specific differences are found. From the 5th week up to the end of our experiment these differences are so pronounced that it is possible with 100% accuracy to determine the sex of the animal from the appearance of the adrenal: the zona reticularis of the female adrenal shows a higher cellularity than in the male adrenal. In males on the other hand, the cells are arranged less densely and development of intracellular vacuoles in the adjacent fasciculata and in the zona reticularis are seen. The histilogical sex differences are significant from the end of the 4th week up to the end of our study. Parallel with the histological changes a difference in the weights of the adrenals begins to appear from the 4th week onwards. The male adrenal glands are heavier than those of females. This weight difference can be confirmed statistically from the 6th week onwards.
The studies provided a morphological basis for the reticularis of the adrenals of golden hamsters for the sex-specific function and weight.
NEW DATA CONCERNING THE ROLE PLAYED BY PROGESTERONE IN THE CONTROL OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH IN THE RAT
Authors: Buffler G. , Roser S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mechanisms involved in the prolongation of the oestrous cycle following LH administration were studied in 4-day cyclic female Wistar rats. In females injected with LH on the morning of dioestrus I there was an increase in ovarian venous blood progesterone as compared with non-injected animals. In both LH-treated females, and those injected with progesterone on the morning of dioestrus I, a slowing up in follicular growth was observed from the afternoon of dioestrus I. The size of follicles greater than 400 urn present in LH or progesterone injected animals on the third day of cycle was similar to the size reached by the same range of follicles in non-injected animals on the second day of the cycle. Hence, the increase in endogenous ovarian progesterone elicited by LH was considered as the cause of the slowing up of follicular growth and therefore of the lengthening of the oestrous cycle duration in female rats injected with LH at the beginning of 4-day cycle.
IMPAIRMENT OF ARGININE INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE AFTER THREE DAYS TREATMENT WITH DEPOT-ACTH
Authors: Köbberling J. , Mühlen A. v. z. , Bachmann A. , Hesch R. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth hormone (GH) response to arginine infusion in 11 normal subjects and 4 patients with Addison's disease on maintenance replacement doses of cortisone and fludrocortisone was studied before and 24 h following the administration of 1 mg Synacthen-Depot® (tetracosactid) daily for 3 days. The mean peak GH levels during arginine infusion tests were significantly decreased after ACTH-treatment (3.8 vs. 32.1 ng/ml), all peak values being below the normal range. The patients with Addison's disease either showed very low GH response in the pre-treatment test followed by a small change after ACTH (3 patients) or a low normal response in the pre-treatment test with a depressed response after ACTH (1 patient). Based on the results of the present study and those previously reported by others we suggest that the acute administration of ACTH induces GH release but that repeated administration of ACTH leads to a GH depletion of the pituitary gland and decreased response to stimulation tests. This effect is not mediated through endogenous cortisol release.
EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTICOSTERONE ON THYROID WEIGHT OF GOITROGEN-TREATED RATS. ROLE OF ADRENAL-CORTICOIDS IN THE INSULIN INCREASE OF GOITRE WEIGHT
Authors: Jolín T. , Tarin M. J. , Garcia M. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of insulin to intact rats on a low iodine diet (LID) and KClO4, or KClO4 as well as 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) increases the weights of the thyroid significantly, as compared to rats on goitrogens alone.
However, as shown here, insulin treatment has no effect on the weights of the thyroid of adrenalectomized goitrogen-treated animals. Furthermore, in adrenalectomized rats on small doses of corticosterone the administration of insulin does not alter the weight of the goitre induced by KClO4. On the other hand, adrenalectomized rats on PTU, or KClO4, or PTU + KClO4 develop smaller goitres than intact animals.
The administration of corticosterone increases the thyroid weights of intact rats on goitrogens, and augments the weights of the goitres of adrenalectomized rats on PTU to the values found for intact rats on the same goitrogen. The above mentioned changes in thyroid weight cannot usually be accounted for by changes in circulating TSH, as assessed by a rat TSH radioimmunoassay.
The present results are consistent with the assumption that the adrenals probably via corticosterone secretion, play an important role in the mechanism by which insulin increases the weight of the thyroid glands of rats on LID + KClO4, or LID + KClO4 + PTU, without affecting the high plasma TSH levels.
ADDISON'S DISEASE – SEROLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Nerup Jørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sera from 106 cases of Addison's disease, 106 healthy controls matched for age and sex, 1021 other controls and 606 cases of endocrine and autoimmune diseases were examined for the occurrence of adrenal, thyroid, gastric, gonadal, salivary gland and antinuclear antibodies.
The adrenal antibody was found to be organ-specific and widely species-non-specific and occurred in about 70 % of the patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, but in no case of unequivocal tuberculous Addison's disease. The adrenal antibody was found in less than 0.1 % of the control sera and in less than 1.5 % of the other disease groups examined.
The group of patients with idiopathic Addison's disease with adrenal antibody had thyroid, gastric and gonadal antibodies in their sera with significantly greater frequency than any of the other groups.
This group was further characterized by low age at onset and a high prevalence of associated diseases.
On this basis it was suggested, that so-called idiopathic Addison's disease consists of two rather distinct subpopulations: One (25–30 %) which should still be considered idiopathic and another group (70-75 %) of autoimmune origin. The name Addison's adrenalitis is suggested for this type of primary adrenocortical insufficiency.
HORMONE AND ENZYME ASSAYS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Christensen Arne , Frøyshov Dag , Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Simultaneous measurements of plasma human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS)1), progesterone and placental cystine-aminopeptidase (P-CAP) was performed during normal human pregnancies from about day 70 to term.
By using Phadebas® HCS Test (Pharmacia) the HCS levels showed a gradual increase from detectable values at about day 70 to 5.6 μg/ml (mean level) at term. Both a wide range in the plasma levels and daily variations up to 1.5 μg/ml were observed. The lower limit during the last 2 months was 4.0–4.5 μg/ml.
The gradually increasing plasma levels of progesterone showed considerable variations between and in each individual, especially during the last trimester. Individual variations up to 100 ng/ml from one day to another were observed. The lower limit of progesterone during the last trimester was about 30 ng/ml. These great variations make the progesterone assay of limited value as an index of the placental function.
The P-CAP showed a gradual increase toward term, but the variations were minor compared with the HCS and progesterone levels. No systematic relationship between the HCS, progesterone and P-CAP values were found.
In evaluation of the placental function, simultaneous measurements of hormones with a short half-life and enzymes with a long half-life would be benificial.