bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-band infrared metamaterial perfect absorber for narrow-band thermal emitters
Authors: Xuan Khuyen Bui , Ngoc Nguyen Van , Ngoc Dung Dinh , Hai Nguyen Phon , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Son Tung Bui , Dinh Lam Vu , Truong Giang Ho , Tan Pham Duy , Chen Liangyao , Zheng Haiyu , Lee YoungPak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Our study introduces a metamaterial with a straightforward disk-like configuration that exhibits two prominent absorption peaks at wavelengths of 3960 and 4197 nm, with absorption of 96.3% and 94.1%, respectively. The design not only proved to be convenient for the practical fabrication, but also revealed a resilience to the changes in structural parameters. Moreover, this offers versatility across a wide range of applications, due to the polarization-independent behavior. Additionally, the investigation on thermal emission by integrating the metasurface on a spiral structured heat source has yielded a promising result. The metasurface emitter reduced the energy consumption by 35%, compared with the blackbody emitter. The emission intensity at the aforementioned wavelength is 1.75 × 109 and 1.8 × 109 W·sr−1·m−3, respectively, indicating that the high potential of structure for the practical deployment in next-generation microheater of CO2 sensors.
Unraveling the influence of nitration on pore formation time in electroporation of cell membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation approach
Authors: Niyozaliev Mukhammadali , Matyakubov Jakhongir , Abduvokhidov Davronjon , Attri Pankaj , Chen Zhitong , Razzokov Jamoliddin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electroporation, the transient permeabilization of cell membranes induced by electric fields, is an essential technique in biomedicine, facilitating gene delivery, drug transport, and cancer therapy. Despite its wide application, the influence of nitration, a biological modification involving the addition of nitro groups to phospholipids, on electroporation dynamics remains understudied. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of nitration on pore formation during electroporation. By systematically varying nitration levels and electric field strengths, we explore the nuanced interplay between nitration and electroporation kinetics. Our simulations reveal that increasing nitration levels significantly accelerate pore formation, with notable reductions in pore formation times observed at higher nitration percentages and stronger electric fields. This phenomenon underscores the modulatory role of nitration in altering the dynamics of electroporation. Additionally, our study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying this process, providing essential insights for optimizing electroporation protocols in gene therapy, drug delivery, plasma cancer treatment and related biomedical applications. These findings illuminate the synergistic relationship between nitration and electroporation, paving the way for future advancements in this vital field.
Spectral diagnosis of underwater microsecond high-current pulsed discharge plasma
Authors: Shijie Huang , Yi Liu , Liuxia Li , Fuchang Lin , Chenqian Zeng , Ning Yang , Tianyu Wang , Hongbin Liao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Underwater microsecond high-current pulsed discharge can generate powerful shock waves and a significant number of active ions, offering a wide range of applications. To analyse the characteristics of plasma channel formed by the discharge, this study established a comprehensive test platform and conducted spectral diagnosis for underwater high-current pulsed discharge. Considering the randomness of the pulsed arc discharge, the voltage and current waveforms under different discharge cases were measured, and the images and emission spectra of the plasma channel were obtained. The origin of the continuous emission of the initial spectra was analysed. A spectral fitting algorithm was proposed, which could separate the spectral lines into line emission of Hα and continuous background, and correct the self-absorption. The time-varying characteristics of electron density were obtained under three typical discharge cases, the possible errors caused by baseline shift were considered, and the influencing factors of line broadening were analysed. Under the test conditions of this study, the electron density of plasma channel was in the order of 1024–1025 m−3.
High frame rate acoustic navigation of AUV based on range ambiguity suppression
Authors: Li Jing , Fu Jin , Zou Nan , Qiu Longhao , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Underwater acoustic navigation is extensively utilized across many industries due to its exceptional dependability and continuous real-time functionality. Due to the swift advancement of technology in recent years, the velocity of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has progressively increased. A high frame rate is required for the underwater acoustic navigation system in order to precisely obtain the trajectory of the AUV. Nevertheless, the discrepancy lies in the fact that the high frame rate and the unambiguous measurement could be seen as contradictory. Higher frame rates greatly raise the probability of range ambiguity, leading to various potential pseudo solutions that exacerbate the difficulty of accurate positioning and noticeably impact navigation performance. To address the aforementioned issue, a high frame rate acoustic navigation technique that relies on the suppression of range ambiguity has been studied in this paper. Initially, the relationship between measurements were investigated, specifically the time delay and Doppler shift, and the confusing periodic leap. Subsequently, the coupling model was employed to develop a high-precision acoustic navigation model, taking into account the statistical characteristics of measurements. We also examined a high-precision solving approach. Ultimately, the proposed method was validated through both simulation analysis and field testing to confirm its practicality and efficiency. The results demonstrate that it can attain a high level of accuracy in resolving the ambiguous problem and achieve high-precise acoustic navigation.
A novel three-module real-time adjustable accuracy speed estimator for active magnetic bearing system
Authors: Bian Xiaoyu , Shi Zhengang , Mo Ni , Tang Xiaoxuan , Yu Linfeng , Zhang Shitan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the rotational speed estimation in active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. Rotational speed sensors are commonly employed for speed acquisition. Nevertheless, with the continuous advancement of AMB system, the inherent weaknesses of the speed sensors are becoming increasingly prominent in practical applications. Therefore, achieving online speed estimation can effectively address the engineering challenges arising from deficiencies in speed sensors. However, in terms of robustness, accuracy, and tracking performance, the existing speed estimation algorithms are insufficient to simultaneously meet the requirements of the AMB system. Moreover, present techniques are challenging to address prevalent issues in the AMB system, such as noise, harmonic interference, amplitude variations, and misalignment of the rotor axis trajectory. To tackle these problems, this work designs a novel three-module real-time adjustable accuracy speed estimator for AMB system. The algorithm employs displacement signals to estimate the rotational speed. And, it can flexibly adjust its noise resistance and accuracy through parameter tuning. Additionally, it can significantly diminish the influence of noise, harmonic interference, amplitude variations, and misalignment of the rotor axis trajectory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm and validate its superior performance in robustness, accuracy, and tracking performance.
Discrete and continuous odor quantification in gas-phase odor biosensor
Authors: Deng Hongchao , Mitsuno Hidefumi , Kanzaki Ryohei , Nakamoto Takamichi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cells expressing heterologous olfactory receptors (ORs) were commonly used as the sensing elements in odor biosensors owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity. However, The odor quantification performance of these biosensors especially in speed and accuracy aspects is not so favorable yet. To overcome this problem, we proposed discrete and continuous odor quantification. In this study, two ORs, Or13a and Or56a, and their agonists, 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin were used. The cell images were handled online to accelerate the processing speed. The odor intensity that we intended to quantify was the target odor, the odor intensity that we provided was the generated odor. The target and generated odors were repeatedly applied thus mitigating the sensor drift and aging influence. The target odor quantification outcome could be one of several discrete candidates (discrete quantification) or a continuous value computed based on the standard response curve (continuous quantification). We first obtained the typical results of the discrete and continuous quantification methods using single OR. After this, we executed the experiments in multiple target odor intensities and made a comparison between two methods. Discrete quantification was simpler while continuous quantification was faster and more accurate. In addition, both methods were tested under binary odor mixture conditions and their quantification results were satisfactory. The methods proposed here will benefit the on-site precise quantification of odor biosensors.
Advances in performance degradation mechanism and safety assessment of LiFePO4 for energy storage
Authors: Xiao Zhongliang , Chen Taotao , Zhao Tingting , Song Liubin , Yuan Rongyao , Liu Cheng , Zhong Guobin , Xu Kaiqi , Yan Qunxuan , Cai Jinfeng , Peng Xiaoxin , Xia Haowu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the context of ‘energy shortage’, developing a novel energy-based power system is essential for advancing the current power system towards low-carbon solutions. As the usage duration of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage increases, the nonlinear changes in their aging process pose challenges to accurately assess their performance. This paper focuses on the study LiFeO4(LFP), used for energy storage, and explores their performance degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, it introduces common battery models and data structures and algorithms, which used for predicting the correlation between electrode materials and physical parameters, applying to state of health assessment and thermal warning. This paper also discusses the establishment of digital management system. Compared to conventional battery networks, dynamically reconfigurable battery networks can realize real-time monitoring of lithium-ion batteries, and reduce the probability of fault occurrence to an acceptably low level.
Respiratory rate monitoring in ICU patients and healthy volunteers using electrical impedance tomography: a validation study
Authors: Wisse J J , Flinsenberg M J W , Jonkman A H , Goos T G , Gommers D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. The respiratory rate (RR) is considered one of the most informative vital signals. A well-validated standard for RR measurement in mechanically ventilated patient is capnography; a noninvasive technique for expiratory CO2 measurements. Reliable RR measurements in spontaneously breathing patients remains a challenge as continuous mainstream capnography measurements are not available. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of RR measurement using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in healthy volunteers and intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation and spontaneously breathing post-extubation. Comparator methods included RR derived from both capnography and bioimpedance electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Approach. Twenty healthy volunteers wore an EIT belt and ECG electrodes while breathing through a capnometer within a 10–40 breaths per minute (BPM) range. Nineteen ICU patients underwent similar measurements during pressure support ventilation and spontaneously breathing after extubation from mechanical ventilation. Stable periods with regular breathing and no artefacts were selected, and agreement between measurement methods was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis for repeated measurements. Main result. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias less than 0.2 BPM, with tight limits of agreement (LOA) ±1.5 BPM in healthy volunteers and ventilated ICU patients when comparing EIT to capnography. Spontaneously breathing ICU patients had wider LOA (±2.5 BPM) when comparing EIT to ECG bioimpedance, but gold standard comparison was unavailable. RR measurements were stable for 91% of the time for capnography, 68% for EIT, and 64% of the ECG bioimpedance signals. After extubation, the percentage of stable periods decreased to 48% for EIT signals and to 55% for ECG bioimpedance. Significance. In periods of stable breathing, EIT demonstrated excellent RR measurement accuracy in healthy volunteers and ICU patients. However, stability of both EIT and ECG bioimpedance RR measurements declined in spontaneously breathing patients to approximately 50% of the time.
Bayesian inference of electron density and ion temperature profiles from neutral beam and halo Balmer-α emission at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Bannmann S , Ford O , Hoefel U , Poloskei P Zs , Pavone A , Kwak S , Svensson J , Lazerson S , McNeely P , Rust N , Hartmann D , Pasch E , Fuchert G , Langenberg A , Pablant N , Brunner K J , Wolf R C ,   the W7-X Team
Published: April 2024

Abstract
By employing Bayesian inference techniques, the full electron density profile from the plasma core to the edge of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is inferred solely from neutral hydrogen beam and halo Balmer-α (Hα) emission data. The halo is a cloud of neutrals forming in the vicinity of the injected neutral beam due to multiple charge exchange reactions. W7-X is equipped with several neutral hydrogen beam heating sources and an Hα spectroscopy system that views these sources from different angles and penetration depths in the plasma. As the beam and halo emission form complex spectra for each spatial point that are non-linearly dependent on the plasma density profile and other parameters, a complete model from the neutral beam injection and halo formation through to the spectroscopic measurements is required. The model is used here to infer electron density profiles for a range of common W7-X plasma scenarios. The inferred profiles show good agreement with profiles determined by the Thomson scattering and interferometry diagnostics across a broad range of absolute densities without any changes to the input or fitting parameters. The time evolution of the density profile in a discharge with continuous core density peaking is successfully reconstructed, demonstrating sufficient spatial resolution to infer strongly shaped profiles. Furthermore, it is shown as a proof of concept that the model is also able to infer the main ion temperature profile using the same data set.
A review on design and modelling methods of magnetic circuit cores for MR elastomers and MR fluids based system
Authors: Do Xuan Phu , Choi Seung Bok 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this review article, different structural types of the magnetic core required for activation of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF) are introduced in terms of design feature, magnetic flux analysis and performance, installation with primary structure and close relationship to material types. As a first step, dynamic functions related to the chosen models are summarized and discussed according to the magnetic field variations including the field-dependent damping force and torque of the application systems. To address on the practical feasibility, main issues of design process are also pointed out and are discussed stating the manufacturing feasibility and the scaled factors of dynamic variables. Then, after analysing the featured models and dynamic functions, the derivation approaches to establish mathematical models of the magnetic circuit core (MCC) are provided and compared as a valuable reference for checking both simplicity and accuracy. In this stage, the chosen symbolized magnetic circuit models are clearly described about linear or/and nonlinear behaviours of the input (current) and output (magnetic field). In addition, a couple of commercial software to design the magnetic circuit model is introduced since they can be effectively adopted to analyse the MCCs of many application systems utilizing MRE and MRF without any difficulty.
3D bi-stable negative stiffness mechanical metamaterials for bandgap tuning
Authors: Qi Liyuan , Zhang Kai , Hong Fang , Liu Hong , Deng Zichen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A recent topic of interest in dynamics research is bi-stable negative stiffness (NS) mechanical metamaterials that allow for the efficient control of wave propagation and bandgap (BG) tuning. In this study, a three-dimensional bi-stable NS mechanical metamaterial based on fan-shaped inclined beams was developed. It has BGs in multiple directions as well as significant BG tuning capability in specific direction, and the ability to design for multiple geometrical parameters. First, the requirements for NS mechanical metamaterials to achieve bi-stable properties were theoretically investigated. Subsequently, the deformation process of the unit cell of the metamaterial under uniaxial compression and the band structure and vibrational properties of the metamaterial under different steady states were analyzed through a combination of finite element method and experiments. The results showed that the BG range of the bi-stable NS metamaterials in the vertical direction changed with the switching of the steady state, whereas the out-of-plane BG in the horizontal direction remained constant. Therefore, this bi-stable NS mechanical metamaterial could realize modulation of the BG as well as control of wave propagation in multiple directions. In addition, bi-stable NS metamaterials with different angles exhibited different BG ranges. Finally, the vibrational transmittances of the metamaterials were investigated to verify the accuracy of the BG range.
Development of smart materials with versatile bending capabilities using microcellular foaming process: influence of foaming and desorption time
Authors: Lim Donghwan , Kim Jaehoo , Hong Jin , Kim Kwanhoon , Cha Sung Woon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Herein, a smart material with versatile bending capability is developed using a microcellular foaming process (MCPs). In contrast to previous hydrogel-based approaches, the bi-layered smart material is fabricated using typical thermoplastics, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), to achieve shape deformation in response to thermal stimuli. Further, the theoretical model for bi-layered smart materials based on the modified Timoshenko’s model is employed to predict and comprehend this thermal response phenomenon. Due to the distinct foaming characteristics of the two polymers, a reversal in the bending direction is achieved by manipulating the foaming and desorption time. The length variation after foaming differs depending on the desorption time for each polymer. PMMA decreases in length after foaming, measuring 56.25 mm at a desorption time of 40 min and 53.16 mm at 80 min. On the other hand, PETG shows an increase in length after foaming, measuring 53.33 mm at 40 min and 58.25 mm at 80 min. Consequently, when the two polymers are bonded and foamed, bending occurs depending on the desorption time, and a reversal in the bending direction is observed at the critical desorption time of around 60 min. Based on this result, the folding direction of a five-leafed flower-shaped object is successfully altered under thermal stimuli. This innovative approach extends the category of smart materials beyond the hydrogels and showcases the potential of the MCPs for the creation of smart materials for various applications that require versatile shape changes in response to temperature.
Numerical and experimental investigation of an auxetic piezoelectric energy harvester with frequency self-tuning capability
Authors: Zhang Huili , Chen Shun , Karimi Mahmoud , Li Binghao , Saydam Serkan , Hassan Mahbub 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To deal with the limited availability of long-lasting power sources for sensor nodes in industrial environments, a novel piezoelectric energy harvester with high efficiency and a wide working bandwidth was designed to harvest broadband and random vibrations from the ambient environment. The developed energy harvester adopts a doubly clamped piezoelectric beam with a peanut-shaped auxetic structure to improve the power output. It also incorporates a sliding proof mass for frequency self-tuning, enabling a wider working bandwidth. As the doubly clamped beam exhibits geometry nonlinearity under large vibration amplitudes, the power output of the energy harvester can be further enhanced in the frequency self-tuning process. Finite element simulations are conducted to evaluate the impact of the auxetic structure and the position of the proof mass on the performance of the energy harvester. Experiments are performed to examine the energy harvesting performance of the proposed energy harvester. Under an excitation acceleration of 0.3 g, the use of the sliding proof mass widens the working bandwidth of the auxetic energy harvester (AEH) by 9 Hz, with the maximum root mean square output power of AEH reaching 18.78 μW, which is much higher than that of the plain energy harvester (PEH) or the AEH with a fixed proof mass. The developed energy harvester can successfully power a wireless temperature and humidity sensor node based on the vibration produced by a centrifuge, which demonstrates the practical feasibility of the proposed energy harvester for industrial applications.
The influence of laser focusing conditions on the direct laser acceleration of electrons
Authors: Tang H , Tangtartharakul K , Babjak R , Yeh I-L , Albert F , Chen H , Campbell P T , Ma Y , Nilson P M , Russell B K , Shaw J L , Thomas A G R , Vranic M , Arefiev A V , Willingale L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Direct laser acceleration of electrons during a high-energy, picosecond laser interaction with an underdense plasma has been demonstrated to be substantially enhanced by controlling the laser focusing geometry. Experiments using the OMEGA EP facility measured electrons accelerated to maximum energies exceeding 120 times the ponderomotive energy under certain laser focusing, pulse energy, and plasma density conditions. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the laser focusing conditions alter the laser field evolution, channel fields generation, and electron oscillation, all of which contribute to the final electron energies. The optimal laser focusing condition occurs when the transverse oscillation amplitude of the accelerated electron in the channel fields matches the laser beam width, resulting in efficient energy gain. Through this observation, a simple model was developed to calculate the optimal laser focal spot size in more general conditions and is validated by experimental data.