bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Study of Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Somatic and Mental Morbidity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Survivors: How Lucky Are the Lucky Ones?
Authors: Liavaag Astrid H. , Dørum Anne , Fosså Sophie D. , Tropé Claes , Dahl Alv A. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose There are few studies of somatic and mental morbidity in epithelial ovarian cancer survivors (EOCSs). The aim of this controlled, cross-sectional study was to explore fatigue, quality of life (QOL), and somatic and mental morbidity in EOCSs. Patients and Methods Among 287 EOCSs treated according to protocols at The Norwegian Radium Hospital between 1977 and 2003, 189 patients (66%) participated. Information was collected by a questionnaire containing demographic and morbidity items and self-rating scales. Internal comparisons of various subgroups of EOCSs were performed, and EOCSs were compared with age-adjusted controls from the general population. Results Minimal differences were observed relating to somatic and mental morbidity, fatigue, and QOL between EOCSs with and without relapse, long or short follow-up time, and prognostic index status. Chronic fatigue was found in 22% (95% CI, 16% to 28%), and only body image was significantly associated with chronic fatigue in multivariable analyses. EOCSs showed significantly more somatic and mental morbidity, somatic complaints, use of medications, and use of health care services than controls. The levels of anxiety and fatigue were also significantly higher in EOCSs than in controls, whereas the levels of depression and of several QOL dimensions were lower. The prevalence of chronic fatigue was 12% among controls. Conclusion EOCSs had more somatic and mental morbidity, more fatigue, poorer QOL, and used more medication and health services than controls. Minimal differences were observed between various EOCS subgroups. Health care professionals should try to improve and be attentive to the health of EOCSs.
Pathologic Complete Response With Six Compared With Three Cycles of Neoadjuvant Epirubicin Plus Docetaxel and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Operable Breast Cancer: Results of ABCSG-14
Authors: Steger Günther G. , Galid Arik , Gnant Michael , Mlineritsch Brigitte , Lang Alois , Tausch Christoph , Rudas Margaretha , Greil Richard , Wenzel Catharina , Singer Christian F. , Haid Anton , Pöstlberger Sabine , Samonigg Hellmut , Luschin-Ebengreuth Gero , Kwasny Werner , Klug Eduard , Kubista Ernst , Menzel Christian , Jakesz Raimund 
Published: May 2007

Purpose Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy for operable breast cancer downstages tumors initially not suitable for breast-conserving surgery. A pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be a surrogate for longer overall survival, but this beneficial effect remains to be established. This phase III trial evaluated whether doubling the number of cycles of neoadjuvant treatment increased the pCR rate. Patients and Methods Patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer (T1-4a-c, N±, M0; stage I to III) were eligible and randomly assigned to either three or six cycles of epirubicin 75 mg/m2 and docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on days 3 through 10 (ED+G), every 21 days. The primary end point was the pCR rate of the breast tumor. Secondary end points were pathologic nodal status after surgery and the rate of breast-conserving surgery. Results A total of 292 patients were accrued, and 288 patients were assessable for efficacy and safety. Groups were well balanced for known prognostic factors. Six cycles of ED+G, compared with three cycles, resulted in a significantly higher pCR rate (18.6% v 7.7%, respectively; P = .0045), a higher percentage of patients with negative axillary status (56.6% v 42.8%, respectively; P = .02), and a trend towards more breast-conserving surgery (75.9% v 66.9%, respectively; P = .10). Rates of adverse events were similar, and no patients died on treatment. Conclusion Doubling the number of neoadjuvant ED+G cycles from three to six results in higher rates of pCR and negative axillary nodal status with no excess of adverse effects. Thus, six cycles of ED+G should be the standard neoadjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer if this combination is chosen.
Imaging in Local Staging of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kwee Robert Michael , Kwee Thomas Christian 
Published: May 2007

Purpose Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been established as the diagnostic modality of choice in local (T) staging of gastric cancer. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are promising alternatives. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the performance of each of these imaging modalities. Methods A systematic search for relevant studies was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of each study. Local staging performance of included studies was calculated. Results Twenty-two EUS studies, five MDCT studies, one combined EUS and MDCT study, and three MRI studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were of moderate methodological quality. Diagnostic accuracy of overall T staging for EUS, MDCT, and MRI varied between 65% to 92.1%, 77.1% to 88.9%, and 71.4% to 82.6%, respectively. Sensitivity for assessing serosal involvement for EUS, MDCT, and MRI varied between 77.8% to 100%, 82.8% to 100%, and 89.5% to 93.1%, respectively. Specificity for assessing serosal involvement for EUS, MDCT, and MRI varied between 67.9% to 100%, 80% to 96.8%, and 91.4% to 100%, respectively. Conclusion EUS, MDCT, and MRI achieve similar results in terms of diagnostic accuracy in T staging and in assessing serosal involvement. Most experience has been gained with EUS. Few MDCT studies and even fewer MRI studies are available. Thus, EUS remains the first-choice imaging modality in preoperative T staging of gastric cancer.
Chromogranin A: Is It a Useful Marker of Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Authors: Campana Davide , Nori Francesca , Piscitelli Lidya , Morselli-Labate Antonio Maria , Pezzilli Raffaele , Corinaldesi Roberto , Tomassetti Paola 
Published: May 2007

Purpose We evaluated the pattern of chromogranin A (CgA) plasma levels in a large number of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), in a series of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with and without enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia, and in healthy participants (HPs). Patients and Methods Two hundred thirty-eight patients with NETs, 42 patients with CAG with or without ECL cell hyperplasia, and 48 HPs were studied. All patients underwent a baseline visit, biochemical routine check-up, imaging techniques, endoscopy, and histologic determination. Results CgA plasma levels were higher in patients with NETs compared with CAG patients or HPs (P < .001). In the NET group, we observed higher CgA levels in patients with diffuse disease compared with patients with local or hepatic disease (P < .001). CgA plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome compared with other types of endocrine tumors (P < .001). We found the best cutoff range between HPs and NET patients to be 18 to 19 U/L (sensitivity, 85.3%; specificity, 95.8%). Comparing all participants without neoplasia (HPs, CAG patients, and disease-free patients) and patients with endocrine tumors, the best cutoff range was 31 to 32 U/L (sensitivity, 75.3%; specificity, 84.2%). Setting the specificity at 95%, the cutoff range was 84 to 87 U/L (sensitivity, 55%). Conclusion Our study confirms the high specificity and sensitivity of CgA in diagnosing an endocrine tumor. It is necessary to use a cutoff range of 84 to 87 U/L to obtain a high specificity in diagnosing NETs, with the aim of excluding patients in whom the CgA was elevated as a result of other non-neoplastic diseases.
High-pressure investigations of solubility
Authors: Sawamura Seiji 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have measured the solubilities of several inorganic and organic compounds at high pressures up to 400 MPa. For this purpose, care should be exercised in instrumentation. The results include solubility values for aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaCl.2H2O, toluene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and amino acids (Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, and Ile). In addition, we determined the solubility of C60inn-hexane and toluene. The data for individual systems served to elucidate the mechanisms of dissolution. For example, the data for toluene, anthracene, and phenanthrene in water provided insight into hydrophobic hydration.
Solubility data in radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Wanner Hans 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Radioactive waste arises mainly from the generation of nuclear power but also from the use of radioactive materials in medicine, industry, and research. It occurs in a variety of forms and may range from slightly to highly radioactive. It is a worldwide consensus that radioactive waste should be disposed of in a permanent way which ensures protection of humans and the environment. This objective may be achieved by isolating radioactive waste in a disposal system which is located, designed, constructed, operated, and closed such that any potential hazard to human health is kept acceptably low, now and in the future.
For highly radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, which are the waste types representing the highest potential danger to human health, an effective isolation from the biosphere is considered to be achievable by deep geological disposal. Disposal concepts rely on the passive safety functions of a series of engineered and natural barriers. Since total isolation over extended timescales is not possible, radionuclides will eventually be released from the waste matrix and migrate through the engineered and natural barriers. The assessment of their mobility in these environments is essential for the safety demonstration of such a repository. The solubility of many radionuclides is limited and may contribute significantly to retention. Reliable predictions of solubility limitations are therefore important.
Predictions of maximum solubilities are always subject to uncertainties. Complete sets of thermodynamic and equilibrium data are required for a reliable assessment of the chemical behavior of the radionuclides. Gaps in the thermodynamic databases may lead to erroneous predictions. Missing data and insufficient knowledge of the solubility-limiting processes increase the uncertainties and require pessimistic assumptions in the safety analysis; however, these are usually not detrimental to safety owing to the robustness of the multi-barrier approach.
Chemical speciation of environmentally significant metals with inorganic ligands Part 2: The Cu2+-OH-, Cl-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- systems (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Powell Kipton J. , Brown Paul L. , Byrne Robert H. , Gajda Tamás , Hefter Glenn , Sjöberg Staffan , Wanner Hans 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComplex formation between CuIIand the common environmental ligands Cl-, OH-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43-can have a significant effect on CuIIspeciation in natural waters with low concentrations of organic matter. Copper(II) complexes are labile, so the CuIIdistribution amongst these inorganic ligands can be estimated by numerical modeling if reliable values for the relevant stability (formation) constants are available. This paper provides a critical review of such constants and related thermodynamic data. It recommends values of log10βp,q,r° valid atIm= 0 mol kg-1and 25 °C (298.15 K), along with the equations and specific ion interaction coefficients required to calculate log10βp,q,rvalues at higher ionic strengths. Some values for reaction enthalpies, ΔrHm, are also reported where available. In weakly acidic fresh water systems, in the absence of organic ligands, CuIIspeciation is dominated by the species Cu2+(aq), with CuSO4(aq) as a minor species. In seawater, it is dominated by CuCO3(aq), with Cu(OH)+, Cu2+(aq), CuCl+, Cu(CO3)OH-, Cu(OH)2(aq), and Cu(CO3)22-as minor species. In weakly acidic saline systems, it is dominated by Cu2+(aq) and CuCl+, with CuSO4(aq) and CuCl2(aq) as minor species.
The microbiological quality of seven large commercial private water supplies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kay D. , Wyn-Jones A. P. , Stapleton C. M. , Fewtrell L. , Wyer M. D. , Watkins J. , Francis C. A. , Drury D. 
Published: May 2007

Some 1% of the UK population derives their potable water from 140,000 private water supplies (PWSs) regulated by Local Authorities. The overwhelming majority of these are very small domestic supplies serving a single property or a small number of properties. Treatment for such supplies is rudimentary or non-existent and their microbiological quality has been shown to be poor in every published study to date. Private water supplies serving commercial enterprises such as hotels, restaurants, food production premises and factories are more frequently treated and subject to closer regulation in the United Kingdom. As a result, it has been assumed that these larger commercial supplies are less likely to experience elevated faecal indicator and pathogen concentrations at the consumer tap which have been observed at small domestic supplies.
This paper reports on intensive monitoring at seven commercial private water supplies (six of which were treated) spread throughout the UK serving hotels, holiday parks and food production enterprises. Daily sampling of ‘potable’ water, both at the consumer tap and using large volume filtration for Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. was conducted over two six week periods in the spring and autumn of 2000. This allowed the effects of short term episodic peaks in faecal indicator and pathogen concentration to be quantified. All the supplies experienced intermittent pathogen presence and only one, a chlorinated deep borehole supply, fully complied with UK water quality regulations during both periods of sampling.
Poor microbiological water quality typically followed periods of heavy rainfall. This suggests that the design and installation of such systems should be undertaken only after the likely range of raw water quality has been characterised, which requires a thorough understanding of the effects of flow and seasonality on raw water quality. There is no reason to suspect that the monitored sites are uncharacteristic of other commercial supplies and the results reinforce public health concerns related to domestic supplies. Furthermore, the pattern of contamination is highly episodic, commonly lasting only a few days. Thus, the relatively infrequent regulatory monitoring of such supplies would be unlikely to identify the poor water quality episodes and does not provide the data necessary for public health protection.
Although some statistical relationship was found between faecal indicator organisms and the presence of pathogens, the use of FIOs in assessments of regulatory compliance may not always provide a reliable measure of public health risk, i.e. indicator absence does not preclude pathogen presence. The results of this study suggest that a risk assessment system similar to the WHO ‘Water Safety Planning’ approach might offer a more appropriate regulatory paradigm for private water supplies.
Molecular dynamics simulations of potassium channels
Authors: Domene Carmen 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Despite the complexity of ion-channels, MD simulations based on realistic all-atom models have become a powerful technique for providing accurate descriptions of the structure and dynamics of these systems, complementing and reinforcing experimental work. Successful multidisciplinary collaborations, progress in the experimental determination of three-dimensional structures of membrane proteins together with new algorithms for molecular simulations and the increasing speed and availability of supercomputers, have made possible a considerable progress in this area of biophysics. This review aims at highlighting some of the work in the area of potassium channels and molecular dynamics simulations where numerous fundamental questions about the structure, function, folding and dynamics of these systems remain as yet unresolved challenges.
Exact solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation for some physical potentials
Authors: Ikhdair Sameer , Sever Ramazan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy using an ansatz for the eigenfunction, we have obtained the exact analytical solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation for the pseudoharmonic and the Kratzer potentials in two dimensions. The bound-state solutions are easily calculated from this eigenfunction ansatz. The corresponding normalized wavefunctions are also obtained.
Training Non-native Second Language Teachers: The Case of Anglophone FSL Teacher Candidates
Authors: Bayliss Doreen , Vignola Marie-Josée 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:This study documents the experiences of anglophone French as a second language (FSL) teacher candidates during their pre-service program. The authors describe how this group of non-native FSL teacher candidates felt about the adequacy of their FSL skills, their need for some level of second language (L2) support, and the maintenance of their L2 skills during their teaching careers. Participants represented three teaching divisions (elementary through secondary school), interviewed separately in focus groups. Most students felt that their L2 skills were adequate. In all cases, students expressed a need for some form of FSL support; although they felt responsible for maintaining their L2 themselves, they recognized the need for some level of organizational support. Results are similar to those of studies of non-native ESL teachers and raise many issues that should be addressed in a wider forum to ensure the continuation and improvement of quality FSL education.
Eggs
Authors: Bergquist Dwight H. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Eggs are used in homes, restaurants, and institutions as shell eggs; they are used in the food industry primarily as egg products. Eggs, which have various functional properties including coagulation by heat, whipping ability, and emulsifying power, are also highly nutritious. Egg products are produced under USDA inspection, which requires that all egg products be pasteurized so they are
Salmonella
‐negative.

There are liquid, frozen, and dried egg products. Automation has come into play for the production of shell eggs and egg products including handling, breaking and separating, processing, and drying of eggs. Eggs are separated into three components in an egg products plant, ie, whites, yolk, and whole egg, at a rate of 32,000 eggs per h per single row, single‐tier egg breaking machine. Eggs are spray‐dried under very mild conditions to preserve quality.

Economic data are given and information on organic eggs is included. Labeling requirements are listed. The safety section gives information on
Salmonella
prevention, allergies, and safe cooking and storage details.
Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
Authors: Sunden Bengt 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to heat transfer theory. Then the important application area of heat exchangers is extensively treated. The modes of heat transfer are introduced and major definitions are presented. Correlations for convective heat transfer are provided and heat transfer of extended surfaces, as well as composite walls, is briefly introduced. Functioning and classification of heat exchangers are discussed. Common methods for analysis, design, rating and sizing are given. Plate heat exchangers, shell‐and‐tube heat exchangers, compact and regenerative heat exchangers are considered. Special applications are also discussed.
Flow cytometric evaluation of circulating endothelial cells: A new protocol for identifying endothelial cells at several stages of differentiation
Authors: Ozdogu Hakan , Sozer Oktay , Boga Can , Kozanoglu llknur , Maytalman Erkan , Guzey Meral 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral factors may influence the analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) by flow cytometry: separation of mononuclear cell, washing and centrifugation steps, panel of monoclonal antibodies, and the lack of standardization of gating technique. Therefore, the reliable quantification of ECs remains a technical challenge. The purpose of this study is to define a new flow cytometric protocol to characterize and quantitate ECs. In previous investigations, increased numbers of circulating ECs have been found in sickle cell disease. The patients with sickle cell disease might provide useful material for the study. We performed flow cytometry on whole blood from 20 normal controls and 31 patients with sickle cell disease (20 patients with steady‐state disease and 11 patients with vaso‐occlusive crises) using a lyse/no‐wash procedure, specific and nonspecific antibody combinations (CD146, CD144, CD34, and CD117), and broad gating. This protocol produced much higher values for the number of circulating ECs (a mean of 2,396.55 ± 658.37 ECs/mL in controls vs 6,709.60 ± 1,772.32 ECs/mL in the steady‐state group, or 18,213.50 ± 8,451 in the vaso‐occlusive crises group, P < 0.001 for both), and also showed variable EC size and granularity, which may reflect activated, or early release ECs. This novel protocol performed comparably in terms of reproducibility, reliability, and dilution linearity with a previously described protocol. This approach has significant advantages for the characterization and quantitation ECs compatible with the pathophysiology. Using the specific antibodies, CD146 and CD144, together may give more informative EC data than the general approach used. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benzene‐induced acute myeloid leukemia: A clinician's perspective
Authors: Natelson Ethan A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBenzene‐induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is considered a secondary form of AML, based both in theory and on limited cohort observations. Its latency, cytogenetic aberrations, and clinical features are thought similar to, or identical with, AML resulting from the use of modern day cytotoxic agents for chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although distinction between secondary AML and the far more common de novo AML is difficult to establish with certainty in any given case, latency from toxic therapeutic and environmental exposure and certain clinical and pathological features generally separate these two entities. AML is the only human neoplasm proven to be potentially caused by benzene, which actually is an obsolete form of chemotherapy. Despite many years of environmental regulation, alleged toxic exposure to this ubiquitous chemical has become an expanding area of litigation. A review of benzene‐induced AML suggests that, in developed countries, this entity should no longer merit serious consideration among workers in the modern petrochemical industry and related fields. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.