bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser probe coagulation of bleeding canine ulcers
Authors: Van Stiegmann Greg , Sun John H. , Pearlman Nathan W. , Hammond William S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA nonlight‐transmitting contact laser probe was used to treat acutely bleeding gastric ulcers in heparinized dogs. Thirty‐five treated ulcers responded with complete hemostasis following 21–92 seconds (mean, 32 seconds) application per ulcer. Ten control ulcers left untreated bled for 5–30 minutes (mean, 11 minutes). Hemostasis was maintained at treated sites for the entire observation period (60 minutes). Perforations did not occur, and there was no evidence of full thickness injury. Histological assessment confirmed a limited (0.2–0.5 mm) zone of coagulation injury. The laser probe is effective for control of acute bleeding in this canine ulcer model.
Combined effects of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy and adriamycin in a murine tumor model
Authors: Edell Eric S. , Cortese Denis A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy (HpD‐PT) is currently being used experimentally in the treatment of various malignancies. The effectiveness of HpD‐PT appears to be limited to superficial malignancies because of its inability to penetrate more than 0.5–1 cm. The mechanism of action has been demonstrated to result from the formation of toxic singlet oxygen and other oxygen radicals. Preliminary work suggested that the addition of other chemical agents known to produce toxic oxygen radicals may enhance the effect of HpD‐PT. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effectiveness of HpD‐PT in the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma with and without Adriamycin. Tumor kill was estimated by calculating the area of necrosis on photomicrographic sections. From this area, a radius of tumor necrosis was determined and compared among various control and experimental groups. HpD‐PT was effective in this model when compared to control groups (radius of necrosis 3.79 ± 0.97 mm vs. 2.60 ± 1.26 mm, P < .05). The addition of Adriamycin significantly increased the radius of necrosis when compared to HpD‐PT (4.57 ± 1.70 mm vs. 3.69 ± 0.97 mm, P < .01). From this work we conclude that HpD‐PT demonstrates effective tumor killing in this murine model. The addition of Adriamycin significantly increased tumor kill.
Retinal thermal response to copper‐vapor laser exposure
Authors: Gabay Shimon , Kremer Israel , Ben‐Sira Isaac , Erez Gideon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA thermal model has been used for the interaction of an annular laser beam of a high‐repetition‐rate pulsed laser (copper‐vapor laser) with the retina of a rabbit. The model predicts the temperature rise at each retinal point, during and after the laser exposure, as a function of pulse energy, exposure time, and pulse repetition rate. The retinal effects for each set of treatment parameters were estimated according to the predicted temperature rise and were found to be identical with our previous experimental results. The character of the interaction between the copper‐vapor laser and the retina can be pretuned by the laser pulse repetition rate to fit the requirements of various treatments, permitting multiple uses of this laser for ophthalmic treatments.
Effective outpatient treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma of the urethral meatus using the neodymium:YAG laser
Authors: Wishnow Kenneth I. , Johnson Douglas E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn unusual presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—a case of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the glans penis and fossa navicularis—was treated palliatively with neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser photoablation. A single outpatient treatment removed the two lesions and restored the patient's ability to void normally. The Nd:YAG laser proved extremely useful, providing effective outpatient therapy with minimal morbidity and excellent local results.
Percutaneous transluminal excimer laser angioplasty in total peripheral artery occlusion in man
Authors: Wollenek Gregor , Laufer Günther , Grabenwöger Florian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLaser angioplasty and laser‐assisted angioplasty have become a clinical reality. Producing sharply defined borders of the ablated area with minimal adjacent thermal damage, excimer lasers offer several proven and some potential advantages over conventional systems. To evaluate the feasibility of excimer laser angioplasty, we have treated one patient using 308‐nm radiation via a bare fiber in direct contact with the total occlusion of a right femoral artery. The lesion was successfully recanalized, thus allowing easy passage of the balloon catheter and subsequent dilatation. This percutaneous laser recanalization of an occluded peripheral artery is one of the first to be done in man using excimer laser radiation, thus demonstrating that the technique is feasible and the system is potentially useful.
Selective laser ablation of venous thrombus: Implications for a new approach in the treatment of pulmonary embolus
Authors: Lamuraglia Glenn M. , Anderson R. Rox , Parrish John A. , Zhang Danyi , Prince Martin R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLaser radiation was employed to ablate venous thrombus or emboli with parameters that would not injure endovascular tissues. Output from a 482‐nm, 1‐μsec pulsed dye laser was delivered through a 320‐μmdiameter fiber to in vitro samples of fresh thrombus (T), venous or pulmonary emboli (VE), inferior vena cava (IVC), pulmonary artery (PA), pulmonary valve, and endocardium (atrial and ventricular). The mean threshold fluences for ablation of T and VE were 1.1 and 5.1 J/cm2, respectively. In contrast, the mean threshold fluences for IVC and PA were significantly higher (P < 0.0001), at 120 and 124 J/cm2, respectively. Ablation efficiency of thrombus was in excess of 100 mg/J, under conditions that caused no histologic injury to the pulmonary artery. To correlate ablation studies with optical absorption by the tissues, optical properties of fresh T, VE, IVC, and PA were studied. Hemoglobin species accounted for the more than 10 times higher 482‐nm absorption by T and VE compared to IVC and PA. This explains the differences in ablation thresholds and, thus, the selectivity encountered. These observations demonstrate, more than any other study in the vascular system, that with pulsed optical radiation, efficient laser ablation of venous thrombus is feasible with a wide margin of safety, and without damage to the surrounding vascular tissue.
Ablation of bone and methacrylate by a prototype mid‐infrared erbium:YAG laser
Authors: Nelson J. Stuart , Yow Lindy , Liaw L.‐H. , Macleay Lachlan , Zavar Rhonda B. , Orenstein Arie , Wright William H. , Andrews Jeffrey J. , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn erbium:YAG laser was used to generate 200‐μs pulses of mid‐infrared 2.94‐μm light in both the single and multimode configurations. Laser pulses were focused on the surfaces of both rabbit long bones and methacrylate blocks, and the tissue response was examined histologically. The depth of thermal injury was determined by ocular micrometry.Over all energy levels tested, the erbium:YAG laser produced ablation of bone and methacrylate with minimal thermal damage to adjacent tissue. Increasing the laser energy per pulse produced increasingly wider and deeper grooves in both bone and methacrylate. However, such increase in laser energy produced a proportionately greater increase in the zone of thermal injury in methacrylate as compared with bone.These studies suggest the feasibility of a surgical erbium:YAG laser in orthopaedics and other forms of ablative surgery.
Deep localized neodymium (Nd)‐YAG laser photocoagulation in liver using a new water cooled and echoguided handpiece
Authors: Godlewski G. , Rouy S. , Pignodel C. , Ould‐Said H. , Eledjam J. J. , Bourgeois J. M. , Sambuc P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThirty‐six deep hepatic lesions of localized photocoagulation were induced in 11 pigs by means of a neodymium‐YAG laser. Laser applications of 80 W/10 sec (10.190 W/cm2) were transmitted through a handpiece coupled to a water‐cooling circulation system to protect the quartz fiber and positioned through an echo‐guided trocar. During irradiation, temperature was sufficient for vaporization up to 5 mm from the laser source and high enough for tumor cell kill at a 10‐mm distance (54°C/60 sec). Intraoperative ultrasound visualized increasing photocoagulation (12–18 mm), and further controls demonstrated an echo‐free core of vaporization progressively covered by increasing fibrosis, well demarcated from normal parenchyma. Microscopy revealed central coagulative necrosis marginated from the third day by a growing fibrosis. By day 20 immunoblasts and mast cells were in profusion in the lesion border, and by day 120 a fibrotic network had invaded the scar and confirmed healing free of complication. This technique is proposed for deep vaporization of disseminated hepatic metastases.
Denudation of the entire mucosa of the canine urinary bladder using the neodymium: YAG laser with the MTR 1.5 contact probe
Authors: Wishnow Kenneth I. , Johnson Douglas E. , Grignon David , Ayala Alberto G. , Cromeens Douglas , von Eschenbach Andrew C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough the procedure of mucosal stripping or denudation of the urinary bladder was developed over 25 years ago to treat the potentially neoplastic mucosa in patients with low‐grade superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, the procedure was abandoned because of serious complications, including short‐term bladder hemorrhage and urinary extravasation and long‐term severe bladder contracture, ureteral reflux, and hydronephrosis. In this study, we used the neodymium:YAG laser with the MTR 1.5 contact probe to denude the entire mucosa of the canine urinary bladder. Evaluation of our results showed that mucosal denudation by this technique can be performed simply and safely without complications. Specifically, we encountered no significant bladder hemorrhage, urinary extravasation, bladder contracture, ureteral reflux, or hydronephrosis. We believe that the denudation procedure may be useful as a surgical means of treating the entire bladder mucosa in patients with proliferative epithelial lesions of the bladder including multifocal carcinoma in situ.
Subcapsular orchiectomy using the CO2 laser: A new technique
Authors: Wishnow Kenneth I. , Johnson Douglas E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a technique for performing subcapsular orchiectomy using the CO2 laser. The procedure was simple and safe and was completed within 30–45 minutes in the 13 patients in whom it was carried out. Postoperative pain and swelling were minimal, and compression dressings were unnecessary. Postoperatively, the mean serum testosterone value was of castrate level. We conclude that CO2 subcapsular orchiectomy is a worthwhile addition to our surgical armory.
Endoscopic laser therapy for esophageal cancer: Present status with emphasis on past and future
Authors: Fleischer David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough the major initial application for endoscopic laser therapy was for the management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, it is now more common to use the laser endoscopically for the treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms. A major body of literature surrounds the use of endoscopic laser therapy for esophageal cancer. The initial patient evaluation to determine if laser therapy is indicated includes a contrast radiograph, a screening endoscopy, and an imaging study. After these tests have been performed, it can be determined whether endoscopic laser therapy (ELT) is the best of the many endoscopic options. There is some difference of opinion as to the specifics of the treatment technique, and these are described. There is general agreement from reviewing the clinical data that it is possible to open the obstructed lumen in a large majority of cases and that functional success (the ability to achieve technically good results as well as clinical improvement without complications) is also possible in the majority of patients. Despite the information suggesting the benefits of ELT for esophageal cancer, there are both conceptual and technical limitations to the current approach to therapy. These limitations as well as potential future applications are discussed.
Effects of exposure time and pulse parameters on CO2 laser osteotomies
Authors: Clauser Carlo , Clayman Lewis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo sets of experimental linear osteotomies were performed on frozen cortical bone by means of a high‐power industrial CO2 laser in the rapid superpulsed mode, varying the velocity of the operating table, the mean power of the laser beam, the pulsewidth, the pulse repetition rate, and the peak power. Both the depth and the width of the osteotomies were inversely related to the velocity and directly related to the mean power and to the pulsewidth, but they were not affected by changes in the repetition rate. The depth/width ratio, which describes the profile of the osteotomies, was affected by the mean power only. These data permit greater accuracy in the planning of laser osteotomies in cortical bone when using the rapid super‐pulsed mode.
Hazard zones and eye protection requirements for a frosted surgical probe used with an Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Rockwell R. James , Moss C. Eugene 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetailed radiometric analyses are reported on selected frosted‐style laser surgical probes that are in use in laser surgical procedures. These measurements were performed in order to determine their nominal hazard zone (NHZ) and the requirement for protective eyewear. All measurements were conducted under worst‐case conditions using a 30‐W Nd:YAG laser. The results show that for the style of probe tested, the NHZ can be considered a spherical volume of 1.3 m and will require eye protection devices having a maximum optical density rating of 4.3 at 1.06 μm for all personnel who may come within that range.
Pulsed Er:YAG‐ and 308 nm UV‐excimer laser: An in vitro and in vivo study of skin‐ablative effects
Authors: Kaufmann Roland , Hibst Raimund 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing a pulsed XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) and a pulsed Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm), we investigated skin ablation as a function of pulse number, radiant energy, and repetition rate. In vitro analysis of lesions performed in freshly excised human skin were consistent with in vivo results obtained from experiments on pig skin. Pulsed 308 nm laser radiation caused considerable nonspecific thermal tissue injury followed by an inflammatory reaction and impaired healing of lesions in vivo. These findings were especially pronounced with higher repetition rates, which would be required for efficient destruction of larger lesions. On the other hand, the 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser radiation produced clean and precise lesions with only minimal adjacent injury. In vivo skin ablation caused intraoperative bleeding with deeper penetration. The Er:YAG laser offers a promising surgical tool for careful removal of superficial epidermal lesions, if higher repetition rates, and an appropriate laser beam delivery system are available for clinical use.
Systemic effects of low‐power laser irradiation on the peripheral and central nervous system, cutaneous wounds, and burns
Authors: Rochkind Semion , Rousso Morris , Nissan Moshe , Villarreal Manuel , Barr‐Nea Liliane , Rees D. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we direct attention to the systemic effect of lowpower helium‐neon (HeNe) laser irradiation on the recovery of the injured peripheral and central nervous system, as well as healing of cutaneous wounds and burns.Laser irradiation on only the right side in bilaterally inflicted cutaneous wounds enhanced recovery in both sides compared to the nonirradiated control group (P < .01). Similar results were obtained in bilateral burns: irradiating one of the burned sites also caused accelerated healing in the nonirradiated site (P < .01). However, in the nonirradiated control group, all rats suffered advanced necrosis of the feet and bilateral gangrene.Low‐power HeNe laser irradiation applied to a crushed injured sciatic nerve in the right leg in a bilaterally inflicted crush injury, significantly increased the compound action potential in the left nonirradiated leg as well. The statistical analysis shows a highly significant difference between the laser‐treated group and the control nonirradiated group (P < .001). Finally, the systemic effect was found in the spinal cord segments corresponding to the crushed sciatic nerves. The bilateral retrograde degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord expected after the bilateral crush injury of the peripheral nerves was greatly reduced in the laser treated group.The systemic effects reported here are relevant in terms of the clinical application of low‐power laser irradiation as well as for basic research into the possible mechanisms involved.
Thermal effects of stationary “hot tip” laser coronary probes: An in vitro assessment
Authors: Rosenthal Eric , Montarello Joseph K. , Palmer Tim , Curry Paul V. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPercutaneous laser thermal probe angioplasty requires sufficient laser probe flexibility to access the coronary tree. This may entail a loss of axial strength and the resultant slow advancement may lead to unwanted heating of the normal coronary artery proximal to the lesion. To assess the lateral thermal effects of stationary coronary laser probes, laser thermal energy (50–150 J) was delivered to 25 coronary artery segments (diameter 1.9–4.0 mm) in a perfused cadaver heart preparation using a 1.7 mm tip probe. Adherence to the vessel wall occurred in 19 segments, endothelial charring in 8 segments, and perforation in 3 segments. Endothelial charring was seen in 8 of 13 nonperfused segments but in 0 of 12 segments perfused at 60 ml/minute (P < 0.01). In all three perforations the vessel to probe diameter ratio was less than 1.6:1, perfusion was absent, and traction to dislodge the adherent probe was necessary. Lateral wall damage is a complication of stationary laser probes: smaller‐tipped probes which are advanced rapidly at the time of energy delivery may enhance the safety margins of coronary laser thermal probe angioplasty.
New method of photosensitizer accumulation for photodynamic therapy in an experimental liver tumor
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoshiro , Nakamura Satoshi , Sakaguchi Shukichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new sensitizing method of photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors and its effects was studied. Prepared for the study were pheophorbide a (Phd), dissolved in an oily contrast medium, Lipiodol (LPD‐Phd), and water‐soluble pheophorbide a (WS Phd) as sensitizers, and VX‐2 tumor in rabbit livers. The Phd distribution was compared after intraarterial (i.a.) administration of LPD‐Phd or W‐S Phd and intravenous (i.v.) administration of W‐S Phd. Phd was extracted with methanol at 24 h after injection, and the supernatant absorbance was measured at 670 nm by spectrophotometry. The tumor showed higher values of Phd than did the liver with LPD‐Phd i.a. and W‐S Phd i.a. (P < .01). Conversely, the tumor accumulated less Phd than did the liver with W‐S Phd i.v. (P < .05). We subsequently produced severe photodestruction in a Walker tumor in a Sprague‐Dawley rat liver with slight damage to adjacent liver tissue using LPD‐Phd i.a. and Nd‐YAG dye laser irradiation at 670 nm. The intraarterial administration of a photosensitizer may make it possible to treat liver tumors by photodynamic therapy.
Keratinocyte protein expression in rapidly regenerating epidermis following laser‐induced thermal injury
Authors: Smoller Bruce R. , Dover Jeffrey S. , Hsu Amy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined 20 punch biopsies taken from five patients at varying intervals following CO2 laser‐induced thermal injury. The regenerating epidermis was studied with monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3 (directed against low and high molecular weight keratins), and involucrin, a protein found within the cellular envelope of the most mature keratinocytes. Twenty‐four hours following thermal damage, there was extensive spillage of keratins and involucrin into the papillary dermis and disarray of all constituents of the necrotic keratinocytes. Early ingrowth of basaloid keratinocytes weakly expressed AE1. By 1 week, keratinocytes expressed AE1 in varying intensities throughout the epidermis. AE3 was present in its normal distribution, staining all but the most basaloid keratinocytes. Involucrin stained cells deep within the epidermis. Six weeks following the initial injury, the staining pattern within the epidermis had returned to normal. Thus, it appears that the regenerating epidermis produces low molecular weight keratins in cells at all levels and forms premature cellular envelopes, perhaps as a protective measure, before expression of these constituents reverts to the normal pattern. These findings suggest that keratinocyte differentiation in wound‐healing following laser‐induced thermal injury is similar to that seen in other types of injury. Observed clinical differences may be attributable to differences in keratinocyte proliferative or migratory capabilities.
Suppressed tuberculin reaction in guinea pigs following laser irradiation
Authors: Inoue Koji , Nishioka Junichi , Hukuda Sinsuke 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTuberculin reactions were tested at the bilateral sites of the backs of sensitized guinea pigs. Laser irradiation at an energy fluence of 3.6 J at one site of reaction suppressed the reaction not only at the irradiated site but also at the contralateral nonirradiated site. These phenomena were observed when mononuclear cells were dominant in the perivascular cellular infiltration. The results indicate that local irradiation with a low‐power laser has systemic inhibitory effects on delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
Laser recanalization of pyloric stenosis: A guidewire‐directed contact probe technique
Authors: Lambert Michele , Faintuch Jack S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA variety of techniques has been used to relieve the obstructive symptoms of pyloric stenosis. Endoscopic dilatation using hydrostatic balloon dilators, multiple‐diameter bougies, and electrocautery with a sphincterotome have been described. The neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser also has been used, with both noncontact and contact probes. We describe a new technique using a guidewire‐directed contact probe for laser recanalization of pyloric stenosisin a patient with radiation‐induced gastric outlet obstruction.
In vitro production of viable bacteriophage in a laser plume
Authors: Ediger M. N. , Matchette L. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBacteriophage ϕX 174, present at high concentrations in an agar overlay in vitro system, were used as a target for pulsed 2.94 μm (Er:YAG) laser ablation. In this preliminary experiment, the potential for transport of viable viruses in the photoablation plume was investigated for laser energy densities of approximately 3.5 J/cm2 per pulse in exposures of 75–600 laser pulses. Transport of relatively few numbers of viable viruses from the ablation site to the plate assay detector, a distance of approximately 2 cm, was observed.
Mid‐infrared erbium:YAG laser ablation of bone: The effect of laser osteotomy on bone healing
Authors: Nelson J. Stuart , Orenstein Arie , Liaw Lih‐Huei L. , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA comparative study was undertaken in rabbit tibiae to assess the healing of bone in response to osteotomies by a mid‐infrared erbium:YAG (2.94 μm) laser or a mechanical saw. Laser parameters necessary for osteotomy were shown to produce deep cuts with sharp edges and no gross charring or burning of adjacent bone. However, it was noted histologically that there was a delay in healing of the laser osteotomies as compared to saw osteotomies. This delay was caused by a microscopic zone of damage to bone adjacent to the laser cuts. It is concluded that, although the erbium:YAG laser may be a useful tool in orthopaedic surgery to ablate bone, under the conditions used in this study, there will be a delay in the healing process after laser osteotomy.