bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of quinoline-based 2-pyrazolines
Authors: Munawar Munawar , Azad Muhammad , Athar Makshoof , Groundwater Paul 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA series of 2-pyrazolines was prepared in a reaction of quinolinylchalcones with phenyl hydrazine under both conventional and microwave-induced heating. Structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data and CHN analyses. All prepared compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli, and Shigella dysentery. Almost all synthesized compounds have shown antimicrobial activity; however, compounds with a chloro group as a substituent have been found to be more effective.
On the tautomerism of 1-phenyl-3-substituted-pyrazol-5-ones and their photoinduced products — experimental and theoretical UV spectral analysis
Authors: Chapkanov Atanas , Koleva Bojidarka , Arnaudov Michail , Petkov Ivan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA detailed experimental and theoretical UV-spectral analysis of the tautomeric forms of 3-methyl-1-phenyl pyrazol-5-one and 1,3-diphenyl pyrazol-5-one as well as of the UV-irradiated photoinduced products of the latter compound were carried out. The experimental UV-spectra were compared with the theoretical ones obtained by CIS/6-31G**. Selected geometrical parameters of the different tautomers were estimated by ab initio calculations using the RHF/6-31G** level of theory and basis set, which have also been discussed with a view to the corresponding UV-results.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of uric acid based on its activation of catalytic oxidation of pyronine Y
Authors: Feng Suling , Liu Xueping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA novel kinetic spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of uric acid based on the activation effect of uric acid on the Cu(II) ion catalyzed oxidation of pyronine Y by hydrogen peroxide was developed. The influence of different buffer solutions was tested and the Britton-Robinson buffer solution with pH 2.2 was found to be the optimum. The detection limit and the linear range for uric acid are 0.09 μg mL−1 and 0.3–3.0 μg mL−1, respectively. The RSD for eleven determinations of 1.6 μg mL−1 uric acid was 1.6 %. Satisfactory results were obtained when using this method of uric acid determination in human urine.
Packed column inlet as a direct injection capillary inlet
Authors: Wawrzyniak Rafał 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDiscrimination is a known problem when analyzing high-boiling compounds, which considerably hinders their analysis at trace levels. This problem can be solved by using either direct or on-column injection. Modification of a standard injection port liner and a micro-syringe is presented, so that a direct injection with in-column evaporation can be easily done. The proposed changes are compatible with any packed column injection port, simple to implement, and inexpensive. The changes are described and the analysis of acyloglycerols in diesel oil spiked with 50 % FAME is used to demonstrate the utility of the proposed injection technique.
Me Too!: Social modelling influences on early autobiographical memories
Authors: Peterson Tiamoyo , Kaasa Suzanne O. , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo investigate the malleability of early memories, 200 participants were asked to describe their earliest memories. Before doing so, approximately half were exposed to confederates who described very early memories such as their first steps or a second birthday party, while others were asked only to think about their earliest memories for two minutes before beginning writing. Participants who were exposed to confederate very early memories produced memories that were nearly a year younger on average than the memories reported by controls (2.99 years vs. 3.96 years). Additionally, when participants in the memory discussion condition were asked about an early event that a confederate had recounted they were more confident than controls that they could recall the event in their own lives. These results indicate that autobiographical memories for early events are quite susceptible to social influence and that simply hearing the very early memories of others can alter autobiographical memory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel non‐parametric regression reveals linkage on chromosome 4 for the number of externalizing symptoms in sib‐pairs
Authors: Ghosh Saurabh , Bierut Laura J. , Porjesz Bernice , Edenberg Howard J. , Dick Danielle , Goate Alison , Hesselbrock Victor , Nurnberger John , Foroud Tatiana , Kramer John , Rice John , Begleiter Henri 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this report, we present results of a genome‐wide linkage scan using as a phenotype the number of externalizing symptoms associated with alcohol use disorders. Subjects were collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism project from families in which at least three first degree relatives were affected by alcohol dependence. We use a novel non‐parametric regression method based on kernel smoothing for our analysis. We report a statistically significant linkage close to the ADH gene cluster on Chromosome 4. We also obtain evidence for epistatic interaction between a region on Chromosome 1 and one on Chromosome 15. Although alcoholism as a covariate does not have any effect on the linkage scan, it has an effect on the epistatic interaction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resource distribution and group size in the common langur Semnopithecus entellus in southern India
Authors: Vasudev Divya , Kumar Ajith , Sinha Anindya 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe investigated the influence of resource abundance and distribution on the group size and composition of the common langur Semnopithecus entellus in the contiguous forests of Bandipur National Park, Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Nagarahole National Park in southern India. We also explored any additional effect of predator pressure and the risk of take‐over on the same attributes. Data on group composition and vegetation were collected from January to May 2006. The size and composition of 94 bisexual groups were obtained. The group size varied from 7 to 40 and the groups included unimale and multimale groups. Thirty‐five all‐male groups were encountered. Vegetation was sampled from 17 grids of dimension 1 km × 1 km, each containing twelve 25 m × 25 m plots. The list of food species was compiled from previous studies and observations made during the study period. The mean basal area of all the food trees within each plot and its coefficient of variation at the level of the grid were used to represent resource abundance and distribution, respectively. The number of adult females and males within groups were analyzed separately to test for differential effects on age–sex categories. Group size increased as resources became spatially more heterogeneous. The abundance of resources had a negative effect on group size. This study did not find evidence supporting the direct effect of predator presence or of the risk of take‐over. Contrary to what were expected, adult males reacted more strongly and predictably to resources than did adult females. The group attributes and their relationship with food resource abundance and distribution differed between two sites in the study area possibly owing to langur subspecies differences. Am. J. Primatol. 70:680–689, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel methods for synthesis of high‐impact polystyrene with bimodal distribution of rubber particle size
Authors: Li Daishuang , Peng Jing , Zhai Maolin , Qiao Jinliang , Zhang Xiaohong , Wei Genshuan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBy using in situ prepolymerization and radiation curing, high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) with a bimodal distribution of the size of the rubber particles (bimodal HIPS) was synthesized in the presence of ultrafine full‐vulcanized powdered styrene–butadiene rubber (UFPSBR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR). TEM photographs indicated that UFPSBR was dispersed uniformly as a single particle with a diameter of about 100 nm. On the other hand, bimodal HIPS with different rubber particle size distributions could also be obtained by blending HIPS and UFPSBR grafting styrene (UFPSBR‐g‐St) with different grafting yields. The bimodal HIPS with the smallest rubber particle size, at about 100 nm, could be prepared by blending the monomodal HIPS containing big rubber particles with polystyrene/UFPSBR. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and phase behavior of new cholesteric liquid‐crystalline copolymers containing chiral mesogenic groups derived from menthol derivatives
Authors: Hu Jian‐She , Ren Shi‐Chao , Zhang Bao‐Yan , Chao Chun‐Ying 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of a new chiral mesogenic monomer (M1), a nematic monomer (M2), and a series of side chain cholesteric copolymers (P2–P6) containing the mesogenic menthyl groups is described. The chemical structures of the compounds were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The mesomorphic properties and phase behavior were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and polarizing optical microscopy. M1 showed an enantiotropic cholesteric phase, and M2 revealed a nematic phase. The homopolymers P1 and P7, respectively, displayed a chiral smectic A (SA) phase and a nematic phase, while the copolymers P2–P6 exhibited the Grandjean texture of the cholesteric phase. Tg, Ti, and ΔT of P1–P7 increased with increasing the concentration of M2 in the polymers. All of the obtained polymers displayed very good thermal stability and the wide mesophase temperature range. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
An approach for complete molecular weight distribution calculation: Application in ethylene coordination polymerization
Authors: Pontes Karen V. , Maciel Rubens , Embiruçu Marcelo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe objective of this article is to present an approach to ascertain the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymeric systems and its application to an industrial polyethylene reactor. Ascertaining the complete MWD can provide more reliable predictions of polymer end‐use properties, as some of them may depend on specific molecular weight ranges, instead of solely on the averages of the distribution. The proposed method is based on differentiation of the cumulative MWD, where the accumulated concentrations, evaluated at a finite number of chain lengths, are considered components in a reaction medium. Therefore, the dimension of the mathematical model may be suited to the desired level of detail on the MWD. The ethylene polymerization in solution with Ziegler–Natta catalyst is taken as a case study because of the lack of studies in this field. The reaction takes place in continuously stirred and tubular reactors. The results show the potential of the proposed approach and its usefulness in ascertaining the whole MWD, which in turn can be used to predict the polymer end‐use properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and drug‐release properties of hyperbranched polyesters grafted with biocompatible poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)
Authors: Xia Wei , Jiang Guohua , Chen Wenxing 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA hyperbranched, functional, and biocompatible polymer, poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐grafted hyperbranched polyester (HPCL), was synthesized via a facile two‐step routine as a prospective nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible drug delivery system. 1H‐NMR measurements provided direct evidence that ϵ‐caprolactone was grafted by a reaction with the peripheral functional hydroxyl groups of hyperbranched polyesters. pH‐responsive HPCL in different synthetic body fluids (SBFs) could controllably incubate aspirin. In the different SBFs, the release rates were diverse. In SBF with a pH of 7.4, the release time was nearly 110 h, whereas in SBF with a pH of 6.4 and SBF with a pH of 7.8, it was 185 and 71 h, respectively. In comparison with previously reported systems, our system had a longer release life. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
On a generalization of the expected discounted penalty function in a discrete‐time insurance risk model
Authors: Landriault David 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a generalization of the expected discounted penalty function and analyze the proposed analytic tool in the framework of the compound binomial model with a general premium rate c (c ∈ ℕ+) received per period. We derive an explicit expression for this generalized analytic tool in terms of the zeros of a matrix determinant. We then examine the original expected discounted penalty function in the compound binomial model with a general premium rate c, generalizing the results of Cheng et al. (Insur. Math. Econ. 2000; 26:239–250) in the framework of the compound binomial model with a unit premium rate. A numerical example is then considered to compare the original expected discounted penalty function with its generalized analytic tool. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐conjugating chondroitin‐6‐sulfate/dermatan sulfate to chitosan scaffold alters chondrocyte gene expression and signaling profiles
Authors: Chen Yen‐Lin , Chen Huang‐Chi , Chan Hing‐Yuen , Chuang Ching‐Kuang , Chang Yu‐Han , Hu Yu‐Chen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCo‐conjugating chondroitin‐6‐sulfate (CSC) and dermatan sulfate (DS) to chitosan scaffolds improves chondrocyte differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. To further elucidate the cellular responses to CSC/DS conjugation, gene expression profiles for the rat chondrocytes cultured on the CSC/DS/chitosan and chitosan‐only scaffolds were compared by reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). Our data unraveled that the CSC/DS/chitosan scaffold resulted in low‐level expression of collagen I, IIA and X and potentiated the aggrecan, collagen II (including collagen IIB) and TIMP3 expression, but downregulated the decorin expression. Therefore CSC/DS/chitosan scaffold maintained the chondrocyte differentiation while minimized de‐differentiation and hypertrophy. Furthermore, CSC/DS conjugation affected the expression of 11 genes implicated in 9 signaling pathways (as unveiled by cDNA microarray) and upregulated the expression of TGF‐β1, Sox9, BMP2, PTHrP and Ihh (as confirmed by qRT‐PCR). These data suggested that the CSC/DS/chitosan scaffold potentiated the TGF‐β and Hedgehog pathways, which activated the expression of PTHrP and its downstream Sox9. The signals were transduced to elevate the expression of aggrecan, collagen II and TIMP3, and contributed to the well‐differentiated chondrocyte phenotype. Altogether, this study for the first time elucidated the roles of GAGs‐conjugated biomaterials in matrix production and breakdown, cellular differentiation and signal transduction at the molecular levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 821–830. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NMR studies of chiral organic compounds in non‐isotropic phases
Authors: Potrzebowski Marek J. , Jeziorna Agata , Kaźmierski Sławomir 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this article, new applications and perspectives of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy for study of chiral organic compounds in the non‐isotropic phases (solid state and liquid crystals) are presented. The review is organized into five sections. In the first part, theoretical background and short introduction to solid state NMR are shown. The second part presents how NMR isotropic chemical shift can be used for distinguishing of racemates and enantiomers. In the third section, the power of the ODESSA pulse sequence for investigation of racemates, enantiomers and establishing of enantiomeric excess are discussed. The fourth part shows the application of analysis of principal elements of chemical shift tensors obtained by means of 2D NMR techniques for searching of absolute configuration and conformational changes in the solid state. The final part presents recent achievements of chiral liquid crystals NMR methodology for study of chiral compounds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A:201–218, 2008.
Beyond excitation NMR relaxation
Authors: Ariza‐Castolo Armando 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe understanding of NMR relaxation processes allows us to comprehend a variety of experiments ranging from the recording of spectra to the determination of images. A brief history of NMR spectroscopy, the state of the art of this technique, as well as its comparison with the coupling constants and chemical shifts measured in the condensed phase are presented in this paper. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 168–182, 2008.
Examining economies of scale and cost‐benefit of small multi‐purpose storage ponds in the Zhanghe irrigation system, China
Authors: Mushtaq Shahbaz , Khan Shahbaz , Hafeez Mohsin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPonds are small reservoirs located in irrigation areas that allow farmers to capture rainfall, store surplus water from irrigation canals, recycle and use water on a needs basis. Though ponds have been widespread in some irrigated areas in China for many years, recent increases in the construction of ponds due to growing water shortages and government policies generate interest in understanding the economies of scale and effectiveness of the investment.The results of a multi‐output, multi‐input translog cost function show that moderate economies of scale exist for large‐size ponds (>10 000 m3) and trivial economies of scale exist for medium‐size ponds (>1000 m3 to <10 000 m3). Small‐size ponds (<1000 m3) reveal diseconomies of scale. The economic evaluation indices indicate that all ponds were profitable with healthy internal rates of return, positive net present values and cost–benefit ratios >1. However, when family labour cost was included, small and medium ponds failed to justify their investment. Overall, larger ponds offer higher economic benefits than small and medium‐size ponds. Efficiency gains could result by constructing large size community ponds that are also economically viable. However, technical guidelines and optimum size limits may effectively need to be established to reduce the possible occurrence of serious environmental and social problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis: Sonographic findings
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad Hadi , Zare Zahra , Sefidbakht Sepideh , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali , Meshksar Arash , Roozbeh Jamshid , Salehipour Mehdi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRenal lymphangiomatosis is an exceedingly rare disorder characterized by developmental malformation of the lymphatic system surrounding the kidneys. We report a case of bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis in a 21‐year‐old man who underwent abdominal sonographic examination that revealed numerous cystic areas of varyious sizes around both kidneys with extension along the renal hilum. Subsequent abdominal CT examination demonstrated bilateral, multilocular, fluid‐filled cystic masses with thin walls in the perirenal and peripelvic region. MRI of the patient revealed bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple hyperintense lesions in both perirenal spaces and the peripelvic area on T2‐weighted images. These cystic spaces appeared hypointense on T1‐weighted images with no enhancement in postcontrast images. The diagnosis of renal lymphangiomatosis was made based on typical imaging findings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Oogenesis of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and its associated polydnavirus
Authors: Huang Fang , Shi Min , Chen Ya‐Feng , Cao Ting‐Ting , Chen Xue‐Xin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe present a detailed ultrastructural analysis of ovary and calyx cell differentiation of Diadegma semiclausum. Numerous gametangia in various developmental stages were examined with electron microscopy to characterize the ultrastructure features of oogenesis, the most important of which is the development of nurse cells. In the germarium, the undifferentiated germ cells diversify, and one of the central cells of the cluster differentiates into an oocyte while the remaining become nurse cells. Germ cells continue developing in the vitellarium until mature and then enter into the calyx region. The calyx epithelium contains typical ichneumonid polydnaviruses with the following characteristics: (1) the virus particles assemble in the nuclei of calyx cells where they acquire an initial (inner) membrane, then migrate through the cytoplasm and budd out into the lumen of the ovary, at which time they acquire a second envelope (outer membrane); (2) the particle has a genome comprising several DNA segments. However, this new polydnavirus (Diadegma semiclausum polydnavirus) in the genus ichnovirus was not attached to the surface of the egg chorion. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of amino acid modifications on the molecular structure of adsorbed and nonadsorbed bombesin 6–14 fragments on an electrochemically roughened silver surface
Authors: Podstawka Edyta 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis work used infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy to determine the structure of seven modified fragments (residues 6–14 of the polypeptide chain) of bombesin (BN6–14). The peptides studied are cyclo[D‐Phe6, His7, Leu14]BN6–14, [D‐Phe6, Leu‐NHEt13, des‐Met14]BN6–14, [D‐Phe6, Leu13‐®‐p‐chloro‐Phe14]BN6–14, [D‐Phe6, β‐Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]BN6–14, [D‐Tyr6, β‐Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]BN6–14, [D‐Tyr6, β‐Phe11, Phe13, Nle14OH]BN6–14 and [D‐Cys6, Asn7, D‐Ala11, Cys14]BN6–14. These peptides are potent bombesin agonists useful in the treatment of tumors.Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was also used to examine the behavior of these molecules on an electrochemically roughened silver surface. The SERS spectra reveal that substituting native amino acids in these molecules with synthetic ones changes their adsorption state slightly on an electrochemically roughened surface of silver. The peptides [D‐Tyr6, β‐Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]BN6–14 and [D‐Tyr6, β‐Phe11, Phe13, Nle14OH]BN6–14 tend to adsorb strongly on this surface via C fragment (∼1400 cm−1). The observed medium enhancement of the Trp8 residue and amide bond Raman signals indicate further interactions between these fragments and the surface. [D‐Phe6, Leu‐NHEt13, des‐Met14]BN6–14 and [D‐Cys6, Asn7, D‐Ala11, Cys14]BN6–14 are shown to be coordinated to the silver through CONH, CO, and the indole ring. The strongest SERS bands (∼1506, ∼1275, ∼1149, and ∼1007 cm−1) of [D‐Phe6, Leu13‐®‐p‐chloro‐Phe14]BN6–14 and [D‐Phe6, β‐Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]BN6–14 suggest that these two peptides bind to the silver via Trp8 and CONH. In the case of cyclo[D‐Phe6, His7, Leu14]BN6–14, the formation of a peptide/Ag complex is confirmed by the strong SERS bands involving Trp8 and CONH vibrations, which are accompanied by a SERS signal due to the CO vibrations.For these analogs, the relative potency for inhibition of binding of 125I‐[Tyr4]BN to rat pancreas acini cells was correlated with the behavior of the amide bond on the silver surface, while the contribution of the structural components to the ability to interact with the rGRP‐R was correlated with the SERS patterns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.