bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOURISM AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: POLARIZATION AND NEW FORMS OF PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: WILLIAMS ALLAN M. , SHAW GARETH 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe role of tourism in uneven regional development is under‐researched. This article considers three conceptual issues ‐ spatial and temporal polarization, and restructuring ‐ which have important implications for uneven regional development. These are then investigated empirically in a case study of the UK, using indicators of tourism demand and of employment. One of the principal findings is that the restructuring and the internationalization of demand have led to a relative shift in favour of the core regions.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION IN THE CLYDESIDE CONURBATION
Authors: PACIONE MICHAEL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLarge parts of urban Britain have been adversely affected by global economic restructuring, deindustrialisation and ineffective urban policies. In older industrial areas such as Clydeside the outcome of uneven development is manifested in the poverty and deprivation of disadvantaged residents. This article presents a descriptive analysis of the nature, incidence and intensity of multiple deprivation within the Clydeside conurbation, one of the most socially and economically depressed regions of the United Kingdom. The article first outlines the growth of research into urban deprivation and describes the anatomy of multiple deprivation. The causes of deprivation and value of an area‐based approach are then considered. Following discussion of several key methodological issues, a multivariate empirical analysis is employed using a range of 1991 census indicators to reveal the contemporary geography of multiple deprivation in Clydeside. Finally, these empirical findings inform a number of policy‐relevant conclusions relating to the regional incidence of deprivation.
HONG KONG'S INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF ADVANCED BUSINESS SERVICES
Authors: KNAAP BERT VAN DER , SMITS GERT‐JAN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAs in most advanced economies, in Hong Kong the services sector has become the most important economic activity. Since the Second World War Hong Kong has restructured itself twice: first from an entrepot harbour to a full‐fledged industrial economy, and second from an industrial economy to a service economy. The emphasis in this article is on this second change in the Hong Kong economy, notably on the advanced business services and its developments. Hong Kong's dual economy is based on its traditional harbour and emerging new services activities. At present, the services sector, and specifically the advanced business services therein, has become Hong Kong's fastest growing industry.
THE SECOND CLOSING OF THE FRONTIER: AN END TO OPEN‐ACCESS REGIMES
Authors: FEITELSON ERAN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article argues that as land becomes scarce and rents rise the period of unfettered exploitation of frontier regions, and their use for siting major noxious facilities, is drawing to a close. The factors leading to the formation of local‐national coalitions that successfully oppose environmentally deleterious initiatives of both capital and the state are described for the Israeli case. A number of recent cases where such coalitions managed to block development initiatives in Israel's remote periphery are briefly reviewed to illustrate this process. It is suggested that the Israeli case is but one point in a global trend. Thus, it seems that the availability of sites for noxious facilities is decreasing also on a global scale. Several planning and policy implications of this change are advanced.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE UK
Authors: THOMAS HUW , IMRIE ROB 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article discusses the changing nature of British urban policy in the context of upheavals in the system of local governance and their implications for urban regimes. It does this through an evaluation of urban development corporations, a policy initiative in which are embedded many of the principles of an emerging system of local governance. In particular it poses two questions: to what extent do the contours of a new local governance system overshadow the more traditional system; and to what extent does the experience of UDCs suggest possibilities for local variations in and local political ‘capture’ of central government policy initiatives, specifically through the integration of UDCs into local urban regimes?
PUBLIC PARKS AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF FEAR
Authors: MADGE CLARE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article investigates the geography of fear surrounding the use of public parks in Leicester city, Britain. Fear was a major deterrent limiting the use of parks, especially for women, the elderly and Asian and African‐Caribbean people. Certain fears were particularly important for specific groups: women were particularly fearful of sexual attack, the elderly of mugging and Asian and African‐Caribbean people of racial attack. Women and African‐Caribbean people were most liable to alter their behaviour as a result of their fears. The spatial outcomes of fear thus both reflect and reinforce social injustice based on gender and race inequality. As parks are becoming important foci of new environmental strategies for cities it is essential that local government is aware of the spatial consequences of the socially differentiated geography of fear, if all members of the community are to be encouraged to increase their participation in public parks.
DIMENSIONS OF CHANGE IN WHITE SOUTH AFRICAN EDVCATION, 1990–1992
Authors: HORN ANDRÉ C. , HENNING STEPHNE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChanges introduced in white schools in South Africa in September 1990 after decades of authoritarian, racially segregated and unequal education had the potential to start a process of fundamental educational reform. Diffusion of the innovation started in the southwestern coastal areas of South Africa and spread along the south and eastern coasts before turning inland to the deep interior. The diffusion had a hierarchical spatial spread based on the sizes of settlements. Socially, it was influenced by language, political ethos, population density and perceived racial distances. Although considered to be short‐sighted, self‐serving adaptive measures, these changes have resituated white education in a position where its socio‐economic exclusiveness is now defined in terms of class rather man race.
TENURE CHOICE IN THE GERMAN HOUSING MARKET: A COMPETING RISKS MODEL
Authors: DEURLOO RINUS C. , DIELEMAN FRANS M. , CLARK WILLIAM A.V. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn analysis of tenure choice by German households using the German socio‐economic panel (GSOEP) shows that even though there is a general tendency for an increase in homeownership in Germany there are quite different choice patterns than in other European countries and in North America. The process of choosing ownership is more gradual across the income range, occurs at later ages and couples are much less likely to become owners than in the Netherlands and the United States for example. The two most important findings are that specific changes in household composition do not trigger tenure changes in the same way as in North America and that housing market characteristics, especially for families, are much less important in affecting the ownership transition than in the Netherlands and the United States.
SELLING WATERFRONT HERITAGE: A CRITIQUE OF MILLERS POINT, SYDNEY
Authors: WAITT GORDON , McGUIRK PAULINE M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article explores the assimilation of a Sydney waterfront precinct, Millers Point, into the cultural tourism industry. Heritage tourism offers a potential economic base to revitalise an area whose nineteenth‐century wharves and port infrastructure have become redundant. The selection of Millers Point over other places occurred through the presence of artefacts dating from the nation's early European history. Marking tourist sites in Millers Point as part of a Bicentenary Project of the Royal Australian Historical Society (RAHS) inhered to this locality imaginings of Australian national identity. Within the rhetoric of ‘cradle of the nation’, aspects of this officially sanctioned locality that threaten the national imaginings were either suppressed, trivialised or silenced. Furthermore, these claims of national identity are appropriated, communicated and amplified within representations of the tourism industry's brochures and guidebooks. Representations of national identity within Millers Point privilege official over vernacular histories. Furthermore artefacts are prioritised over social memory, in particular first and oldest structures over all others. Finally where social memory is addressed, emphasis is given to the elite over the proletariat, men over women, Anglo‐Celtic over indigenous peoples, glorious decisions over the ignoble, and an egalitarian ideology over extant social relationships. Such a selective representation of Millers Point allows conflictual and challenging elements of Australian national identity to be cast aside, leaving dominant social norms unchallenged.
URBAN ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN GHANA: 1960–1984
Authors: YEBOAH IAN E.A. , WATERS NIGEL M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe urban center has become an important arena of economic participation for increasing numbers of Sub‐Saharan Africans. Because of problems associated with censuses, economic assessment of participation rates, proportions employed, unemployed and underemployed and their temporal and spatial variations are unreliable for most countries. In addition, die relationship between changes in national economies, economic participation and survival strategies to combat changes are not fully appreciated. This article demonstrates that changes in Ghana's post‐independence economy have influenced urban participation. It identifies survival strategies that have been adopted by urban residents to combat changes in national economy, and also investigates temporal and spatial variations in urban participation. Explanation for spatial variations in urban participation are traced to the context of urban growth and development in different parts of die country. Planning implications for the economic health of towns in the country and their residents are discussed. The article concludes with general lessons for Sub‐Saharan Africa.
RETHINKING THE PACIFIC RIM
Authors: PARK SAM OCK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe spatial organization of economic activities in the Pacific Rim has been significantly changed with the increase of international trade and FDIs and the emergence of cross‐border regional economic zones or growth triangles in the Pacific Rim, especially in the Asian Pacific Rim. Localization and globalization of industries with various inter‐firm relations have developed in the North American Pacific Rim. In this article, cooperative networking strategies, instead of rapid growth strategies, are suggested for the sustainable industrial development of the Pacific Rim. Inter‐firm cooperative networking and localization, regional networking and regional industrial space, inter‐regional networking and international economic integration, and networking the Pacific Rim are discussed as cooperative strategies of the spatial organization in the Pacific Rim for sustainable development.
TRANS‐PACIFIC OCEANIC ECONOMY REVISITED
Authors: RIMMER PETER J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article canvasses the transport and communications needs of large ‘network firms’ in the Trans‐Pacific oceanic economy. Initially, it considers their requirement for a multimodal goods transport system by analysing air freight and container shipping networks. It studies their need for high‐volume business travel by examining international passenger transport. Then their demand for an advanced information structure and complementary transport system is elaborated by defining regional distribution platforms. The policy implications and challenges posed by these developments are discussed.
METROPOLIS AND MEGA URBAN REGION IN PACIFIC ASIA
Authors: FORBES DEAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTUrbanisation in late 20th Century Pacific Asia is producing diverse kinds of urban development. Representations of the process of metropolitan growth have taken four important forms: the extended metropolitan region; regional economic zones; world cities; and the idea of the megaurban corridor. These representations reflect postcolonial concerns with non‐Eurocentric interpretations of indigenous forms of urban development, though they are limited by a dependence on Western concepts of globalisation and restricted recognition of indigenous portrayals of urban life. A case study of Ho Chi Minh City explores constructions of the city contained in planning and scholarly interpretations, juxtaposed with a cinematic representation.
STATE FORMATION AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINIAN SELF‐DETERMINATION
Authors: FALAH GHAZI , NEWMAN DAVID 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe implementation of the first stages of the peace agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) has generated a dynamics with the potential for the creation of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, a ‘state in formation’. At the present writing (September 1995), it would appear to be well on its ‐way to achieving limited sovereignty and the threshold to eventual full independence. Concepts of self‐determination are important in understanding the dynamics of Palestinian state evolution. Processes of internal, external and self‐empowerment explain the way in which a Palestinian ‘field’ has evolved over time. The diffusion of limited autonomy from the core to the periphery and the gradual delimitation of a boundary are shown to influence the crystallization of state territory. Certain spaces are “avoided” in an attempt to exclude them from the negotiating agenda. The formation of a separate Palestinian state will likely result in a new set of territorial and geo‐ethnic problems, not least the issue of the status, and possible secessionist aspirations, of the Arab‐Palestinian residents of Israel.
MANUFACTURING USE OF BUSINESS SERVICES IN THE TWO PARTS OF IRELAND
Authors: HITCHENS DAVID , O'FARRELL PATRICK , CONWAY CHERYL 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article measures the internal and external use of eleven business services by samples of independent manufacturing firms located in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI). The location of open market service suppliers is analysed and the adequacy of the regional service supply infrastructure is examined. Comparisons of service use are made with samples of firms located in Scotland and South East England. The pattern of use of specialist services and the number of firms contracting out or supplying services internally are found to be similar to then‐counterparts in Great Britain. Differences in the use of services between the two parts of Ireland are highlighted. Analyses show that the Irish location does not constrain the use of services.
PRODUCTION SITE R&D IN A MATURE INDUSTRIAL REGION
Authors: FOLEY PAUL , WATTS H.D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA mature industrial region is often characterised by a lack of free‐standing R&D units. This article shows that the absence of free‐standing R&D units is paralleled by limited R&D activities within production sites. Most plants outsource some R&D activities, and the most frequently cited suppliers of R&D are consultants together with local colleges and universities. Externally‐owned plants are more likely to employ full‐time research staff and to seek further R&D from external sources. Limited R&D activities do not appear to reflect a lack of qualified staff in the local labour market. It is suggested that attempts to stimulate R&D might focus on the needs of the externally‐owned plants or on the development of new economic activities with high R&D requirements.
GEOLINGUISTICS OF EUROPEAN MINORITY GROUPS IN CAPE TOWN
Authors: MERWE IZAK J. VAN DER 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe metropolitan area of Cape Town is the focus for an urban‐geolinguistic study of the European immigrant language groups. The aim of this article is to address the following issues: the spatial distribution of German and Portuguese minority languages in the city; their language change patterns; a social profile of each subgroup in the city; the institutional and policy framework associated with these languages. Although Cape Town is linguistically dominated by the Afrikaans, English and Xhosa languages, the European minority language groups play a significant role in the socio‐cultural structuring of the city. Distinctive social profiles emerged for each group and their respective spatial patterns proved to be relatively segregated within certain centrally located neighbourhoods.
LIVELIHOOD AND URBAN‐RURAL RELA TIONS IN CENTRAL PARAGUAY
Authors: ZOOMERS ANNELIES E. B. , KLEINPENNING JAN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article illustrates the impact of rural‐urban relations on the livelihood strategy and income level of peasants by focusing on the question of whether small farmers within easy reach of a city are better off and/or have better prospects for improving their situation, than those living outside the urban sphere of influence. In order to answer this question, the Central Region of Paraguay has been chosen as a case study. The authors show that Asuncion plays a crucial role in the livelihood strategy and income level of small farmers in the Central Region, not as the catalyst for agricultural intensification and the spread of innovations, but as the ‘safety valve’ for the rural poor, providing them with opportunities for finding additional income sources outside the farming sector.
DEALING WITH COMPETITION: THE PORT OF ROTTERDAM
Authors: KREUKELS TON , WEVER EGBERT 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRotterdam is by far the biggest port in the Hamburg‐Le Havre range: not only for bulk goods, but for containers as well. The dominance of containers is a clear illustration of the fact that Rotterdam's position within the Hamburg‐Le Havre range cannot exclusively be explained by three often‐cited traditional factors: its favourable geographical location within Western Europe, its location at the mouth of the River Rhine and its excellent connection with the North Sea. Equally important was the long lasting coalition between the Port Authority and the City Council, having the same interests for a long period. However, after 1970 the coalition changed in character. Gradually the City Council put less emphasis on economic issues and more upon environmental aspects. From this environmental point of view the activities in the port were seen as rather negative. And later on with the worsening economic situation, it soon became clear that the region could no longer rely exclusively on the labour‐generating function of the port. Unlike in the past, many port‐related activities are now located outside the port area. The activities that still depend on a location in the port itself show considerable productivity gains, but at the cost of jobs. Nevertheless, the port and the city of Rotterdam together recently developed a new Port Plan 2010 which aims to reconcile economic and environmental aspects. Moreover, the plan intends to stimulate the economy of the city and the region of Rotterdam. Yet it is realized that the spatial networks in which the port is functioning nowadays do not, unlike in the past, coincide with those of the municipality of Rotterdam.
SEAPORTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: BAIRD ALFRED 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUK seaports' order of importance alters when measured by the value of cargo handled as opposed to cargo volume. Ports recording a high value of trade throughput tend to be those with significant unitised traffic. Ports with a high value of trade throughput also tend to be more significant employers. Goods transport between UK ports and the hinterland is dominated by road. Rail's share of port traffic has continued to fall. Competition exists between UK ports, between UK and European ports, and between UK ports and other modes, notably rail via the Channel Tunnel. Competition between ports exists irrespective of whether ports are privately or publicly owned. Major structural changes in various shipping sectors could adversely impact UK ports, although opportunities still exist. The balance of the UK ports industry has been fundamentally altered in favour of the private sector, yet the UK approach (to privatisation) remains very different to that in evidence elsewhere. The past two‐three decades has been a period of intense change for the UK ports industry, with further change inevitable.
THE LOCAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SMALL FARMS: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: MAYFIELD LUCY HARRISON 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere has always been a considerable political tradition within Europe towards protection and preservation of the small farm. Many arguments have been put forward to uphold this protective attitude, particularly in the line of social and environmental benefits. However these claims have never really been substantiated in any way. This article explores the economic links of a small sample of farms in Central England by the spatial tracking of postcodes from their invoices and receipts and establishes that the small farms do appear to be more closely meshed with their local rural economy than larger farms, and thus are likely to have greater effect towards supporting the rural economy, particularly indirect employment. It may be that other small farms and indeed other small firms exhibit a similar relationship with the rural economy, and if so, would merit particular support in strategies promoting rural development.
INFORMATION AND REFUGEE MIGRATION: THE CASE OF MOZAMBICANS IN MALAWI
Authors: KOSER KHALID 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDespite increasing prominence in international population movements, refugee migration is a poorly understood social and spatial process. Common assumptions about refugee migration have rarely been empirically tested. This article focuses attention on the migration decision‐making process of refugees. Its conceptual basis is that the decision making of refugees can be critically compared with that of other migrants. An analytical framework is suggested which focuses on the receipt and evaluation of information about prospective destinations in the decision‐making process. It is tested in the context of Mozambican refugees in Malawi in 1992 and 1993. Analysis shows that this framework achieves a qualified success in explaining the patterns and processes of migration of the study population, and suggests broader applications for the framework.
INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND MARKET STRUCTURE: KOREAN AUTO ASSEMBLY
Authors: AUTY RICHARD M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMass production technology began to confer comparative advantage in auto assembly on newly industrializing economies (NIES) in the 1980s, but the economies of scale and scope of the firm remain significant. Most NIE entrants face home markets which are still too small to support a single world scale firm. Their entry into auto assembly was premature and it has created pressure to prolong state support for the ‘infant’ sector. This, in turn, has led to policy capture, the Achilles heel of industrial policy, which can result in substantial welfare losses. Korea suggests that the maturation of auto assembly may proceed faster if governments confine themselves to promoting domestic assemblers through strategic alliances with global firms, using anti‐trust mechanisms to prevent abuses of market power.