bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Various Glycerol Concentrations as a Cryoprotectant in Frozen Semen of Pasundan Cattle
Authors: Rasad Siti Darodjah , Solihati N , Winangun K 
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Glycerol as a cryoprotectant with various concentrations on the quality of Pasundan cattle semen.Â Semen was collected from seven bulls of Pasundan Cow using an artificial vagina twice a week for three months.Â The semen sample was added with a TRIS-Egg Yolk Extender containing 20% (v/v) egg yolk and treated with the addition of Glycerol with five different concentrations (G5=5%, G6=6%, G7=7%, G8= 8%, and G9=9%) were then performed with cryopreservation. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used to examine the effect of five different concentrations of Glycerol on motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), the integrity of acrosome cap (IAC), abnormalities, and recovery rate (RR) of spermatozoa after cryopreservation (post-thawing).Â The results of diluted Pasundan cattle semen evaluation showed that the addition of 7% Glycerol (G7) resulted in the best motility and IAC values (83.68% and 72.84%), the addition of 7% and 8% Glycerol (G7 and G8) resulted in the best IPM values (85.00% and 84.50%).Â The addition of 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9% Glycerol (G6, G7, G8, and G9) resulted in the lowest abnormality values (1%).Â On the post-thawing Pasundan cattle semen evaluation, the addition of 7% Glycerol (G7) resulted in the best motility, IAC, IPM, and RR values (54.49%, 38.57%, 54.29%, and 72.28%).Â Meanwhile, adding various Glycerol concentrations did not significantly affect the abnormality value of post-thawing spermatozoa.Â Generally, the addition of 7% Glycerol in semen extenders shows optimal results as a cryoprotectant.
Impact of Aging on Sperm Quality of Sentul Roosters
Authors: Haryuni Nining , Hartutik Hartutik , Widodo Eko , Tribudi Y A , Wahjuningsih Sri 
Published: March 2024

This study was done to determine impact of aging on sperm quality of Sentul roosters. Materials used in this study were Sentul males aged 48, 58, 68 and 78 weeks, NaCl, eosin and aquades. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied in this study with 4 treatments in 5 repetitions. Statistical analysis showed that increasing age of rooster had a very significant effect (p0.01) on decreasing semen consistency, mass motility, spermatozoa concentration and increasing spermatozoa motility. Aging in Sentul roosters affected semen volume significantly (P0.05)Â butÂ did not significantly affect (p0.05): semen pH, live spermatozoa, and spermatozoa abnormalities. Average volume of semen produced in this study ranged from 0.54-0.88ml; semen pH 6.80-7.12; mass movement score 1.60-3.00; spermatozoa concentration 2.76-4.86 x109/ml; spermatozoa motility 66-79%; Live spermatozoa 91.75-93.10%, and spermatozoa abnormalities 1.75-2.51%. Semen from Sentul males aged 48-68 weeks had a thick consistency and cloudy white in color. At the age of 78 weeks, the consistency varies from thick, medium and liquid. The color of semen in Sentul males aged 78 weeks also varied from clear white to cream. It is concluded that aging in Sentul roosters causes reproductive disorders which are characterized by low sperm quality. The best quality spermatozoa were produced by Sentul roosters aged 58-68 weeks.
Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Of TLR4 Gene Associated with Mastitis in Goats
Authors: Soquila S S , De Guia Arren Christian , Medina N P , Mingala C N 
Published: March 2024

In this study characterization of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene of goats; detection of polymorphisms in the nucleotides, and determination of the association of identified genotypes with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis was done using chi-square and odds ratio. Analyzing gene expression using two-sided Student's T-test was also done. Results of Study 1 revealed high similarity (99%) of TLR4 nucleotide sequence of all breeds of goats with that of C. hircus (NM_001285574.1) and sheep (Ovis aries) sequences and slightly lower similarity with cattle (Bos taurus, and Bos indicus) (96%), and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (95%). In Study 2, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed three genotypes with nine restriction patterns using AluI enzyme. Genotype AA has odds ratio of 0.28 and 0.08 in all breeds, and in Anglo-Nubian, respectively, with significant association (P0.05) that inferred 0.28 and 0.08 times greater probability in all breeds, and in Anglo-Nubian, respectively, for subclinical mastitis to occur than those of other genotypes. Genotype AB showed odds ratio of 3.83, 13.00 and 2.40 in all breeds, in Anglo-Nubian, and in Upgraded, respectively, with significant association (P0.05) that indicated 3.83, 13.00 and 2.40 times more likely in all breeds, in Anglo-Nubian, and in Upgraded, respectively, to suffer subclinical mastitis than those of other genotypes. Â In Study 3, genetic expression analysis showed a significant upregulation of TLR4 gene up to maximum of 3.63-fold in goats without subclinical mastitis compared to subclinically mastitic animals with only 0.65-fold which suggest a prompt role of TLR4 gene in the protection of animal against possible infection.Â
Morphological Characterization of Doe Kacang Goat in the Dry Land Area
Authors: Beyleto Veronika Yuneriati , Hilmia N 
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to select a breed based on the morphological characteristics of Kacang goats in the dry land area, by assessing 31 doe Kacang goats. Semi-intensive raising system is carried out (without giving concentrate), yet water; forage (such as Gliricidia sepium leaves, Sesbania grandiflora leaves, Leucaena leucocephala leaves) and local grass are given by applying ad libitum method. Description of morphological characteristics, Pearson's correlation between body weight and body size, and body index, were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program. The result of descriptive analysis for Â BW, BL, WH, CG, CW, CD, RW, RH, RL, HL, HW, and HH are 20.72Â±3.26 kg, 44.34Â±8.17 cm, 55.42Â±7.84 cm, 62.68Â±7.12 cm, 10.98Â±2.07 cm, 22.74Â±2.12 cm, 8.44Â±1.38 cm, 54.96Â±6.44 cm, 12.55Â±0.85 cm, 14.07Â±0.55 cm, 10.19Â±0.36 cm, dan 11.69Â±0.45 cm respectively. The value of the morphological index for WS, BI, DI, LI, PI, B, HS, FL, and CI are 0.78+0.12, 71.06Â±12.38, 0.42Â±0.06, 0.81Â±0.18, 67.55Â±11.93, 0.43Â±0.08, 11.18Â±5.78, 32.68Â±7.40, dan 72.48Â±2.82, respectively. The conclusion is that the body weight and body measurements in the dry land area are still below the quality National standards of Indonesia. The correlation coefficient of body weight with body size is in the positive range of moderate to high except, the correlation of body weight with head height which shows a negative correlation. The correlation coefficient of body weight with the morphological index is in the low positive range except for the correlation coefficient of body weight with width slope, balance, and height slope which has a negative correlation coefficient.
Polymorphism of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits in Bali Cattle
Authors: Kusminanto Richi Yuliavian , Hazimi Fuad Al , Ceri Vani Putri Andra , Panjono Panjono , Hartatik Tety 
Published: March 2024

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a gene that controls growth traits.Â This gene is embedded in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and regulates body weight.Â Previous studies have successfully identified the genetic diversity of the MC4R associated with growth traits.Â However, studies on Bali cattle are limited.Â This study aimed to identify the SNP markers of the MC4R gene and its effect on birth body weight, weaning body weight, weaning chest girth, weaning withers height, weaning body length, yearling body weight, yearling chest girth, yearling withers height, and yearling body length in Bali cattle (n=43).Â The MC4R genotype was identified by sequencing and aligned using BioEdit v.7.2.5.Â The association between genotype and growth traits was analyzed using the GLM procedure and DMRT in RStudio program v.2022.02. Four SNPs were identified in the exon region: Â g.355GT, g.394CT, g.463GA, and g.682GA. Â Based on the Chi-square test, the population was fitted with HWE (p0.05).Â Genotype-phenotype association based on SNPs showed no significant result (p0.05) where the g.682GA (AG) locus had values of WB (104.33+17.15 kg), WCG (112.83+3.66 kg), WBL (89.50+3.94 kg), YB (124.17+22.44 kg), YCG (120.50+5.50 kg), and YBL (92.83+4.31 kg) higher than the other genotypes.Â Association based on haplotype type showed significant results (p0.05) in BB, where haplotype 2 had the highest BB (21.17+0.75 kg).Â In conclusion, the SNP markers found in this study were polymorphic but did not affect growth traits in Bali cattle.
Comparison of Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Dali, Dangke, and Fresh Cheese from Goat Milk
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Amalina Nur , Taufik Epi , Soenarno Mochammad Sriduresta , Sulfiar Ahmat Endang Two , Atmoko Bayu Andri , Nugroho Tristianto 
Published: March 2024

Indonesian people utilize goat milk to be traditionally processed into food products.Â Goat milk processing into dairy products is expected to be an alternative way to increase the value of goat milk consumption without reducing the benefit.Â The traditional dairy products from goat milk are Dali from North Sumatra and Dangke from South Sulawesi.Â This study aimed to examine the physiochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic characteristics of dali with Agave angustifolia leaf extract coagulant (alo-alo leaf), dangke with papaya latex coagulant, and fresh cheese with rennet coagulant.Â The experimental design used a randomized block design with three different levels of coagulant treatment, namely Rennet, papaya latex, and Agave angustifolia leaves as casein coagulating enzymes for dali, dangke, and fresh cheese.Â The variance and non-parametric data test used the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.Â The results showed that the values of aw, pH, and fat between dali, dangke, and fresh cheese were not different.Â Meanwhile, there is a significant difference (P0.05) for yield value, dry matter, ash, protein, and carbohydrate.Â The results showed that the total plate count, yeast, and mold count of fresh cheese, dali, and dangke were not significantly different.Â The results of the hedonic test showed that fresh cheese differs significantly from others (P0.05).Â Fresh cheese had a better organoleptic value than dangke and dali.
Molecular Characteristics and Evolutionary Relationships of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR21) of Indonesian KUB-1 Chicken
Authors: Suryohastari Raden Rara Bhintarti , Sumarsono Sony Heru , Giri-Rachman Ernawati Arifin 
Published: March 2024

In vertebrates, the immune system has several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).Â In aves, TLR21 is known to be a functional homolog of TLR9 in mammals.Â This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of TLR21 in KUB-1 chicken, a superior breed of Indonesian local chicken, and their evolutionary relationship.Â The TLR21 gene was obtained from the ovarian RNA extraction and synthesized into cDNA by reverse transcription.Â We found that the cDNA sequence of the TLR21 of KUB-1 chicken has a length of 3504 bp, including a 2823 bp open reading frame (ORF), which encodes a putative protein of 940 amino acids (aa).Â The deduced KUB-1 chicken TLR21 protein consisted of 720 aa in the extracellular domain containing 20 LRRs, 23 aa in the transmembrane region, and 141 aa of Tollâ€ILâ€1 receptor in the intracellular domain, and had a molecular weight of 107 kDa.Â The KUB-1 chicken TLR21 had homology of about 99%, 76%, and 43% with other TLR21 from other breeds of chicken, non-chicken poultry, and fish, respectively.Â Its molecular character was conserved throughout the evolution of TLR21 in chicken, so the KUB-1 chicken was not much different from the broiler.Â However, there has been an evolution in duck and goose, although the function is still the same.Â Evolutionarily, Gallus gallus_KUB-1 TLR21, which belongs to the TLR11 Family, has differentiated from fish TLR21 and formed a paraphyletic relationship with TLR21 in Anser cygnoides and Anas platyrhynchos.
Court of Justice of the European Union or European Court of Human Rights – Is There a ‘Supreme Court of Europe’?
Authors: Daiber Birgit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Europe, judicial review is not only exercised by courts within the states. Additionally, there are two European Courts, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). This chapter shows first their respective function with respect to judicial review. In a second step, it put its emphasis on the relationship between them and undertakes to ask whether – with respect to judicial review - one of them can be understood as the ‘Supreme Court of Europe’. It concludes that it is the European Court of Human Rights which can be described as such a ‘Supreme Court’.
Precedent of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: State Compliance and Judicial Performance in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia
Authors: Resende Ranieri L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Considering the external effects of adjudicative activity of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, structural questions emerge regarding the influence of IACtHR precedent in judicial branches of the Parties to the American Convention on Human Rights. In this sense, this paper seeks to apply the theoretical typologies developed by Ryan Goodman and Derek Jinks to the analysis of operative mechanisms of influence of international law inside the States’ jurisdictions. In this regard, it was necessary to create new specific categories (eg, acculturative persuasive precedent, selective persuasive precedent), to test whether they suitably describe the application of Inter-American precedents, in an attempt to categorize the recent performance of the highest courts in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia. Additionally, the concept of double control of conventionality has presented essential perspectives for the compliance with IACtHR judgments by demanding States, as well as the interpretation and application of national laws deemed compatible, or not, with the Pact of San José. In the end, quantitative analysis played an important role in measuring each national court’s assimilation of international precedents as it outlined scenarios of explicit adoption of Inter-American Court precedent by national judicial branches. Sampled States were classified as follows: a) Brazil: selective persuasive IACtHR precedent with low performance; b) Colombia: acculturative persuasive IACtHR precedent with high performance; c) Argentina: selective persuasive IACtHR precedent with moderate performance; d) Chile: selective persuasive IACtHR precedent with high performance; and e) Bolivia: acculturative persuasive IACtHR precedent with moderate performance.
The Democratic Self-Defence of Constitutional Courts
Authors: Castillo-Ortiz Pablo , Roznai Yaniv 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Courts around the world are under attack. They are being captured, packed, threatened, and their authority and powers are being limited by governments that seek to undermine the democratic constitutional order. Once courts are weakened or captured, it is easier for these governments to undermine other democratic institutions and even set courts themselves against democracy. Accordingly, using the rationale of ‘militant democracy’, this article proposes the theory of democratic self-defence of constitutional courts. According to this theory, constitutional courts (including apex courts with constitutional review powers) should declare the unconstitutionality of reforms to their institutional design when these are instrumental to a process of democratic decay. Not only that they should do so, but they must do so – as a duty – when the viability of the democratic system of government is at stake. The aim of this self-defence is not the self-interest preservation of institutional powers but the protection of democracy itself. In order to be able to protect democracy, courts must be able to protect themselves.
Analysis of nonlinear dynamics of RC slabs under blast loads: A hybrid machine learning approach
Authors: Mekkara Shanmughan Sandeep , Pansuk Withit , Raman Sudharshan N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Considering the continuous threat of terrorist attacks on vital structures, it is imperative to enhance their resilience to blast impacts. Current analytical approaches are costly and complex, necessitating a more streamlined method to evaluate structures under such threats. This research addresses this by introducing a machine learning (ML) model that predicts the highly nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under blast loadings. A database with 936 samples, including both experimental and numerical data, was carefully created for this study. The investigation scrutinized eight ML algorithms, refined them to four based on their performance, and optimized them using grid search, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The gradient boosting-PSO hybrid model emerged to be superior, with a remarkable 91% accuracy in predicting maximum deflection. Further, a comprehensive influence analysis was conducted using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to understand the contributions of various input parameters, pinpointing scaled distance and panel thickness as critical factors. This study, besides offering a rich database, also serves as an educational tool, shedding light on hyperparameter optimization techniques and SHAP analysis. The research promises a robust and interpretable ML model poised to significantly influence the practical engineering domain in improving the structural design of RC slabs facing blast impacts.
Low-carbon embodied alkali-activated materials for sustainable construction: A comparative study of single and ensemble learners
Authors: Amin Muhammad Nasir , Khan Suleman Ayub , Alawi Al-Naghi Ahmed A. , Latifee Enamur R. , Alnawmasi Nawaf , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Popular and eco-friendly alkali-activated materials (AAMs) replace Portland cement concrete. Due to the considerable compositional variability of AAMs and the inability of established materials science methods to understand composition–performance relationships, accurate property forecasts have proved impossible. This study set out to develop AAM compressive strength (CS) evaluation machine learning (ML) models using techniques including extreme gradient boosting (XGB), bagging regressor (BR), and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN). Ten input variables were used with a large dataset of 676 points. Statistical and K-fold studies were also used to evaluate the developed models’ correctness. XGB predicted the CS of AAM the best, followed by BR and MLPNN. The MLPNN and BR models had R
2 values of 0.80 and 0.90, respectively, whereas the XGB model had 0.94. Results from statistical analyses and k-fold cross-validation of the used ML models further attest to their validity. The built models can potentially compute the CS of AAMs for a variety of input parameter values, reducing the requirement for costly and time-consuming laboratory testing. Researchers and businesses may find this study useful in determining the necessary quantities of AAMs’ raw components.
Aerodynamic parameters of buildings at different floors in the immediate vicinity
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Dudkiewicz Edyta , Spodyniuk Nadiia , Dovbush Oleksandr , Sukholova Iryna , Savchenko Olena , Kasynets Mariana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe immediate vicinity of buildings of different floors causes damages of the smoke and ventilation channels work of the low-rise buildings. This is dangerous for the resident's health and lives. To determine the impact of high-rise buildings on the operation of air channels of a nearby two-story building, experimental research has been carried out in a wind tunnel. Charts and analytical formulas have been designed for determining the buildings aerodynamic coefficients depending on wind directions and the channels height. An increase of the channel height results in an increase in static rarefaction in smoke and ventilation channels. Increasing rarefaction increases the efficiency of the natural ventilation system and ensures the residents health and life.
Integrando Ensino E Pesquisa Na Formação Docente: Uma Proposta In Loc
Authors: Candito Vanessa , Menezes Karla Mendonça , Rodrigues Carolina Braz Carlan , Soares Félix Alexandre Antunes 
Published: March 2024

Grandes são os desafios enfrentados pelos professores no cenário atual, quem impactam de maneira significativa a prática pedagógica. E assim, surge, a necessidade de encontrar alternativas para qualificar o ensino que estejam alinhadas com a realidade social contemporânea. A promoção da pesquisa na escola desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento do conhecimento, na promoção da aprendizagem e no aprimoramento das habilidades críticas dos estudantes, que traz benefícios significativos para educandos, educadores e o sistema educacional como um todo. Esse estudo analisou as percepções e a integração da pesquisa escolar na prática pedagógica de professores de uma escola pública estadual, sobre um processo formativo, amparado no aporte metodológico da pesquisa-ação. Os envolvidos destacam a pesquisa como fundamental para a reconstrução de conhecimento, integrada à prática docente, e o potencial no desenvolvimento da prática educativa, permitindo a identificação de demandas e o desenvolvimento de planos de ação. Promoveu o aprimoramento docente, capacitando-os para práticas de ensino alinhadas às necessidades do contexto escolar e incentivando a reflexão crítica sobre suas abordagens pedagógicas.
G7 ÜLKELERİNDE İŞSİZLİGİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: PANEL EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME YAKLAŞIMINDAN KANITLAR
Authors: ATILGAN Dilek 
Published: March 2024

İşsizlik sosyo-ekonomik sonuçlar itibariyle bütün toplumların en önemli sorunlarından biridir. Özellikle işsizliğin neden olduğu gelir kaybı bireylerin ciddi sağlık problemleri yaşamalarına yol açmaktadır. Bu kapsamda
işsizliğin mi sağlığı yoksa sağlığın mı işsizliği olumsuz yönde etkilediğine dair son yıllarda çalışmalar artış göstermektedir. Çünkü sağlık hem nitelikli insan kaynağını hem de ülkelerin kalkınmasını etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Çalışma, 2000-2021 dönemi için veri varlığı durumuna göre G7 (Almanya, ABD, İngiltere, İtalya, Fransa, Japonya ve Kanada) ülkelerinde işsizliğin sağlık harcamalarını hangi yönde etkilediğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç ile işsizlik değişkenine GSYİH oranı ek değişken olarak dâhil edilmiştir. Analiz yöntemi olarak ECM eşbütünleşme ve AMG eşbütünleşme tahminci testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen panel geneli bulgular, işsizlikteki %1’lik bir artışın sağlık harcamalarını %0,119 oranında azalttığı, GSYİH’deki %1’lik bir artışın ise sağlık harcamalarını %0,015 oranında arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ülke bazlı bulgularda işsizliğin sağlık harcamalarını etkileme durumunun ülkeden ülkeye farklılık gösterdiği belirlenirken, değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme ilişkinin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.