bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injuries in the eighth and ninth years of life
Authors: LANGLEY JOHN D. , SILVA PHIL A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFrom a sample of 818 children, 211 were involved in 256 separate incidents which resulted in 283 injuries requiring medical attention. The most common injuries were lacerations, abrasions and contusions, fractures, concussion, and sprains. The majority of the injuries were minor. The most common incident resulting in injury was a fall, followed by incidents where the child struck against or was struck by an object or persons and incidents involving sharp objects. The nature and circumstances of the serious injuries is presented in detail. Methods of improving the description and the classification of childhood injuries and some incidents worthy of further investigation are discussed.
A retrospective study of juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: MANNERS PRUDENCE J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDuring a 20 year period 214 patients had been admitted to a teaching hospital with a diagnosis of definite or possible juvenile chronic (rheumatoid) arthritis (JCA). Eighty‐seven of these patients were reviewed clinically and were classified as having had JCA. Twelve of the 214 patients were later thought to have had rheumatic fever, while 12 had had an illness consistent with viral arthritis.There was a poor functional outcome in three subgroups of JCA: (i) seropositive polyarticular onset, (ii) systemic onset, and (iii) pauciarticular onset, extending to polyarticular involvement.The prevalence of inflammatory eye disease was very low with no significant visual handicap detected in patients in this study.
Truncus arteriosus and facial dysmorphism
Authors: RADFORD DOROTHY J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Facial features of infants with truncus arteriosus were photographed and reviewed. Anomalies included hypertelorism, low set ears, micrognathia, down‐slanting palpebral fissures, short philtrum and small mouths. Associated cardiovascular defects were interrupted aortic arch, double aortic arch, right aortic arch and aberrant brachiocephalic vessels. Potential teratogenic factors included maternal diabetes, syphilis, alcohol ingestion, carbimazole therapy and infant chromosomal anomalies.The facial features, together with the rare cardiac abnormalities of truncus arteriosus and aortic arch defects are similar to those described in Di George syndrome (defect of fourth branchial arch and derivatives of third and fourth pharyngeal pouches). However none of these patients had symptomatic hypocalcaemia or absence of the thymus.It is concluded that this association of truncus arteriosus, aortic arch abnormalities and facial anomalies involves first and fourth branchial arch maldevelopment, and indicates embryological insult between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation.
Diuresis and natriuresis following acute pneumothorax in very low birthweight infants
Authors: LESLIE GARTH I. , III JOSEPH B. PHILIPS , WORK JACK , CASSADY GEORGE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSeven tension pneumothoraces developed in six very low birthweight infants receiving assisted ventilation for hyaline membrane disease. Mean values for blood pressure and creatinine clearance (Ccr) tended to increase following pneumothorax decompression, although neither increase was statistically significant. Urine volume, osmolar clearance and urine sodium excretion all increased significantly in the 8 h following diagnosis and decompression of pneumothoraces. However, when expressed as a percentage of Ccr, none of these ariables changed, significantly. Mean sodium balance changed from positive to negative despite a significant increase in urine aldosterone excretion. It is suggested that the increases in osmolar clearance and sodium excretion were consequences of the increases in Ccr following pneumothorax decompression. Development immaturity in the renal tubular response to aldosterone might also have contributed to development of negative sodium balance.
The significance of fat‐filled macrophages in the diagnosis of aspiration associated with gastro‐oesophageal reflux
Authors: STAUGAS R. , MARTIN A. J. , BINNS G. , STEVEN I. M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTracheal aspirates from 46 children were examined for the presence of fat‐filled macrophages. They had no history suggestive of gastro‐oesophageal reflux. The number of positive results from this group (46%) was compared with the number of positive results (73%) in a group of 40 children with proven gastro‐oesophageal reflux. The difference in proportion of positive results between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, subgroups of subjects, negative for gastro‐oesophageal reflux and lower respiratory tract disease, were compared with children who had both conditions. A slightly greater difference, although at a similar level of significance, was found. The fact that 42% of subjects without lower respiratory tract disease or gastro‐oesophageal reflux had tracheal aspirates positive for fat‐filled macrophages would, however, suggest that this test is of limited clinical value and may need better quantitation before it can be recommended for widespread clinical use.
Pulmonary sequestration in a newborn mimicking cardiac disease: A trap for diagnosis
Authors: SHOLLER GARY F. , WHIGHT CHRISTOPHER M. , NUNN GRAHAM R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of pulmonary sequestration in a neonate presenting with hyperdynamic circulation and a murmur is reported. Clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic data suggested the diagnosis and this was confirmed by angiography. The surgical findings were those of sequestration of the right lower lobe, in conjunction with an accessory right lung complete with bronchial and vascular supply arising from the region of the lower oesophagus. Pulmonary sequestration may mimic primary cardiovascular disease in the neonate.
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of psychosocial admissions to a general paediatric ward
Authors: MENAHEM SAMUEL , LUBITZ LIONEL 
Published: March 2008

Abstract This study investigated the cheracteristics of all new in‐patients with major psychological and/or social problems admitted to a medical ward over a 4‐week period. Fifteen successive patients were studied prospectively. The professional time spent by the medical and paramedical personnel involved in the initial assessment and management was reviewed, and the children followed‐up 6 months later.The study found that the patients readily fell into two major groups. Group I were infants and children who had been maltreated or were at risk for child abuse. Group II were older children who presented with psychosomatic symptoms arising from disturbed family or environmental backgrounds. The medical, psychiatric and social work input was considerable for both groups (19 vs 27 h per patient respectively). Their hospital stay was prolonged (15 vs 21 days respectively; the hospital average was 4.4 days). The outcome differed in the two groups. Patients in Group I failed to attend follow‐up appointments in most cases unless such attendance was legally mandatory. In contrast, Group II patients usually kept their follow‐up appointments, the intervention generally being successful.
Chlamydial infections in infancy
Authors: GILBERT GWENDOLYN L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTNon‐gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum was the first recognized manifestation of sexually transmitted chlamydial infection and for many years it was thought to be the only manifestation in infants born to infected mothers. In the 20 years since techniques for isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture were described, many important effects of chlamydial infection, including afebrile pneumonia in infants, have been established. Prospective studies have determined the incidence of chlamydial infection in pregnant women and the risk of transmission of infection to their infants. They have shown that these are among the commonest perinatal infections. It is estimated that at least 1% of infants in this community have chlamydial conjunctivitis and up to 5/1000 will develop pneumonia. Chlamydial infections are characterized by a subacute onset and, without appropriate treatment, a prolonged course. Although they are rarely fatal, symptoms are sometimes severe and there may be long‐term sequelae. The recent development of rapid and relatively inexpensive methods for direct detection of chlamydiae in clinical specimens will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of infections in infants.
Mothers' knowledge of first aid — An exploratory study
Authors: LANGLEY JOHN , SILVA PHIL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMothers' knowledge of first aid was assessed using a questionnaire comprising 13 multiple choice questions. The results showed that approximately three‐quarters of the mothers correctly answered 70% of the questions. Whilst higher intelligence and previous training in first aid were shown to be associated with better scores, the effects were small. Some aspects of first aid which deserve more emphasis in training courses were identified.
Preduodenal portal vein with situs inversus and duodenal atresia
Authors: ZIV YECHIEL , LOMBROZO RAPHAEL , DINTSMAN MOSHE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn a 7‐day‐old infant referred because of bile‐stained vomiting, jaundice and lack of meconium, radiological examination revealed the ‘double‐bubble’ sign of duodenal atresia as well as dextrocardia. This infant also had a strawberry haemangioma on the right shoulder. Operation disclosed situs inversus and a preduodenal portal vein as well as duodenal atresia. A side‐to‐side duodeno‐jejunostomy was performed successfully without damage to the anomalous vein. The history of polyhydramnion during gestation, the presence of other anomalies, the rapid onset of bile‐stained vomiting and the classic ‘double‐bubble’ sign, together appeared to indicate that the duodenal atresia was intrinsic and not due to the external pressure of the anomalous vein on the duodenum.
Emotional and social effects of congenital heart disease in Singapore
Authors: KONG S. G. , TAY J. S. H. , YIP W. C. L. , CHAY S. O. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (n=29) who had undergone corrective cardiac surgery was studied and compared with normal controls. The mean age of cardiac patients was 10.3 years with a range of 6 years to 16 years. Their emotional maladjustment as measured on a behavioural checklist was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than controls, and their social adjustment was also similarly less satisfactory (P < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that emotional maladjustment in the child was related to maternal maladjustment (P < 0.01), maternal guilt (P < 0.01) and maternal anxiety (P < 0.05). Social maladjustment in the child was significantly related to maternal guilt (P < 0.05) and pampering (P < 0.02). It was considered that the child with heart disease was perceived and ‘labelled’ by the mother as abnormal even after surgery and was therefore the object and focus of maternal guilt and anxiety. Hence, the child's emotional and social maladjustment is probably the result of maternal factors rather than the physical handicaps of the illness.
Body build and the desire for slenderness in young people
Authors: CARROLL DENISE , GLEESON CAROL , RIBSBY BARBARA , DUGDALE A. E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe median weight‐for‐height of young people in Brisbane are below the ‘standard’ values. In most groups the weight‐for‐height are symmetrically distributed, suggesting that this is the range of normal variation. Only among girls aged 15‐19 years was there an excess of ‘obese’ subjects.Almost all girls and young women say they want to lose weight, even though many are already well below the ‘standard’. This trend is also present, but is less marked, among boys and young men. In these young people the desire for slenderness is causing unhappiness that seems out of proportion to the possible benefits of change. Health professionals should encourage a more balanced attitude to physiological variations in weight‐for‐height among young people.
Stosstherapy: A fresh look at some principles of therapy — especially chemotherapy
Authors: KEIPERT JAMES A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStosstherapy is the treatment of disease by a single or short‐term, large and sometimes massive, dose of a therapeutic agent. It was most commonly used after the discovery of sulphonamides and penicillin, but has been revived with the recent use of single‐dose chemotherapy. It is effective in many disorders, and these are documented, together with the dosage ranges which can be used. Stosstherapy has a rational basis, is safe, effective, has many advantages compared with long‐term therapy, and could be used much more frequently. Reasons are given why stosstherapy conforms with accepted principles of chemotherapy, but it is given for a much shorter period because the time for an infection to be overcome may be much shorter than has been assumed. It is postulated that the duration of chemotherapy could be shortened in many diseases.
Apnoea in very low birthweight infants: Outcome at 2 years
Authors: TUDEHOPE DAVID I. , ROGERS YVONNE M. , BURNS YVONNE R. , MOHAY HEATHER , O'CALLAGHAN MICHAEL J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFollow‐up data to 2 years are reported for 164 of an initial cohort of 172 consecutively, surviving very low birthweight infants. The 13 infants who suffered apnoeic episodes at home were not predicted at discharge from hospital. The mean (s.d.) general developmental quotient at 2 years for the total group was 97.3(12.0), compared with 99.0 (10.2) for the 72 infants who had nil‐mild apnoea in the newborn period and 96.0 (13.4) for the 92 infants with moderate‐severe apnoea (P<0.1). All six infants with general quotients <76 had sustained moderate‐severe apnoea (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis to assess the influence of confounding variables showed that the presence of chronic lung disease decreased the general quotient by 4.0 units, birthweight <1000 g 3.3 units, mechanical ventilation 2.2 units and moderate‐severe apnoea only 0.1 unit. Moderate‐severe apnoea occurred in six of eight babies with neurological handicap and all eight with sensory handicaps (P<0.01). Overall, of the 12 (7.3%) handicapped children, two had no apnoea and 10 moderate‐severe apnoea (P= 0.07).Moderate or severe apnoea occurred in 58% of very low birthweight infants and was associated with the smallest and sickest infants who had the most handicaps at 2 years. However, when correction for birthweight <1000 g, mechanical ventilation and chronic lung disease is made, apnoea per se, as it was detected and managed between 1978‐80, had no additional deleterious effect on average intellectual performance though it may have been an important causative factor in functional handicap.
Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency: Report of a family
Authors: CLARK ARTHUR C. L. , SZOBOLOTZKY MARGARET A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTriose phosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is associated with a syndrome of congenital non‐spherocytic haemolytic anaemia, mental subnormality, motor impairment, growth failure and cardiac failure. The deficiency state is characterized by moderately reduced red cell TPI activity, and marked instability of the abnormal enzyme to heat. The clinical features of an affected child are described, and some problems in the laboratory diagnosis delineated.
Cushiongoid adrenal hyperplasia in infancy
Authors: PULIYEL JACOB M. , KOMARANCHATH AUGUSTINE , KUMAR K. RAMESH 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCushing's syndrome, a characteristic pattern of obesity with hypertension due to the hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex, is relatively rare in infancy. Thirty‐six infants have been reported in world literature,1,2 most of whom have had adrenal tumours. There are only eight reported cases of infants under the age of 1 year with adrenal hyperplasia responsible for Cushing's syndrome. This is a report of an 8 month old child with bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia.
Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in children
Authors: TAM P. K. H. , SAING H. , Lee J. M. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChildhood abdominal tuberculosis has protean manifestations and remains a difficult diagnosis problem, often requiring surgery for pathological confirmation. Colonoscopy, however, can now be performed with safety in children and appears to offer a new and better alternative to surgery. An earlier experience confirmed its value in the management of ileocaecal tuberculosis as it provided histological proof and bacteriological information to guide chemotherapy, avoiding the need for anaesthesia and laparotomy. However, colonoscopy hasn't been helpful in the diagnosis of the ‘exudative’ type of abdominal tuberculosis.
Congenital renal salt‐losing syndrome and failure to thrive in infancy
Authors: CHUA HOCK LENG , HEWITT IAN K. , HOBDAY JOHN D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn infant with congenital renal salt‐losing syndrome is reported. The importance of recognizing this rare disorder is emphasized because early detection, and treatment with sodium supplementation, results in marked growth improvement and may prevent volume depletion, electrolyte disturbance, and cardiovascular collapse. The clinical features and biochemical abnormalities seen in the congenital renal salt‐losing syndrome are described. In this condition, natriuresis occurs in the face of normal renal and adrenal function and, as the child gets older, spontaneous resolution occurs. Other causes of hyponatraemia in infancy are discussed.
Why children drown
Authors: PEARN J. 
Published: March 2008

Child drowning, especially among the preschool population, remains a significant cause of death in all countries from which statistics are available. A reduction in drowning rates in childhood remains a top priority for preventive paediatrics. Identification of antecedent causes and baseline predispositions (immigrant families, large families, older than average parents, specific high‐risk family lifestyles, attitudes to child rearing and socio‐economic status) has illustrated the complex themes that make it likely a child might enter the drowning sequence.Children drown as the end result of a sequence which is a longitudinal chain composed of many links.1 Some of the links in the drowning sequence are weak, but others are forged with great resilience. The difficulty of doing anything effective to reduce drownings is illustrated by the data in Table 1. The latest available National figures show that for preschool children, the situation has not improved since 1970.
The anatomical and physiological characteristics of pre‐adolescent males and females
Authors: BLANKSBY B. A. , BLOOMFIELD J. , ELLIOT B.C. , ACKLAND T. R. , MORTON A. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo hundred and two pre‐adolescent subjects aged 7‐12 years were examined on a battery of anatomical and physiological tests. The total sample comprised non‐competitive children, and those involved in training for swimming or tennis.A series of analyses of variance were applied to the data to determine whether any differences existed between preadolescent males and females. No significant interaction between age, sex and sporting involvement was found which indicated sex differences to be independent of age and training group. The results revealed that males were superior to females in physical exercise capacity, PWC170, forced vital capacity, and hand grip strength. Males also demonstrated a lesser proportion of body fat than females but were more mesomorphic. No significant differences existed in any of the other tests.
Neonatal jaundice: Its prevalance in Chinese babies and associating factors
Authors: FOK T. F. , LAU S. P. , HUI C. W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA prospective study of 1238 full‐term Chinese newborn infants was conducted to determine the incidence of neonatal jaundice and associated factors. A significantly more severe degree of hyperbilirubinaemia was present in infants whose ABO blood group was incompatible with that of their mothers and those who were deficient in the enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Among the remainder, clinical jaundice was present in 87% and 23.9% had a peak serum bilirubin (SB) concentration greater than 204 mol/l. Factors that were found to have an association with a higher peak SB concentration included: male infants; elder siblings who had a history of neonatal jaundice; and breast‐fed infants with or without supplementation with formula feed. Factors that were found to have no significant association with the peak SB concentration were: gestational age; birthweight; the mode of delivery of the infants; maternal consumption of Chinese herbs and syntocinon induction or augmentation of labour.
A 10 year review of systemic lupus erythematosus in Singapore children
Authors: LEE B. W. , YAP H. K. , YIP W. C. L. , LOW P. S. , SAW A. H. , TAY J. S. H. , WONG H. B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 10 year retrospective analysis of the clinical features and survival of 24 Singapore children with systemic lupus erythematosus was made. The female to male sex ratio was 11:1. The median age at diagnosis was 9.3 years (range: 3.5–17.6 years), and the median duration of follow‐up was 3.6 years (range: 3 months ‐ 10 years). The common modes of presentation were prolonged fever and malar rash (both 46%). Renal involvement (71 %) was frequent. There were six deaths, three from chronic renal failure, two from infection, and one from carditis. The overall survival at 5 years was 0.800 (s.e.m. = 0.090), and at 10 years 0.698 (s.e.m. = 0.103). The survival for lupus nephritis was 0.727 at 5 years (s.e.m. = 0.116), and 0.586 at 10 years (s.e.m. = 0.130). Although the 5 year survival rate is comparable with other series, there were more deaths after the first 5 years, and morbidity from the disease as well as from therapy was considerable.
Effect of ipratropium bromide on respiratory mechanics in infants with acute bronchiolitis
Authors: SEIDENBERG J. , MASTERS I. B. , HUDSON I. , OLINSKY A. , PHELAN P. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of nebulized ipratropium bromide in 14 infants (mean age:20 weeks, range:4–41) with acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis was examined. A modified rapid chest compression technique was used to obtain partial expiratory flow‐volume curves and maximum flow at functional residual capacity. Passive respiratory mechanics were assessed by brief occlusion at end inspiration. Thoracic gas volume was measured in a body plethysmograph. No significant difference was found in forced and passive respiratory mechanics pre‐ and post‐ipratropium bromide. No subgroups could be identified. These results do not support the use of ipratropium bromide in acute viral bronchiolitis.
Food intake at age 8 2. Frequency, company and place of meals
Authors: MAGAREY A. , NICHOLS J. , BOULTON J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn a sample of 141 healthy 8 year old children, over 95% had three main meals on each of the 4 days of the food record. Two‐thirds had an afternoon snack and nearly one‐half a morning snack on each of the 4 days, but only one‐quarter had supper on each day.Seventy‐one per cent of all meals were eaten at home with the family, 20% at school with friends, and less than 1% of meals were eaten at a restaurant or fast food outlet. These data show that amongst children of primary school age, take away sources of food make a very small contribution to the diet, and that eating habits at home are of greatest importance to the child's diet.