bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans‐Tenon's retrobulbar triamcinolone infusion for myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Kojima Ariko , Ohno‐Matsui Kyoko , Futagami Soh , Shimada Noriaki , Tokoro Takashi , Mochizuki Manabu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To report the effects of trans‐Tenon's retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide for subfoveal and juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by pathological myopia.Methods:  Eleven consecutive patients (11 eyes) with myopic CNV were treated with trans‐Tenon's retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Each patient received a single injection. Evaluation included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements, fluorescein fundus angiography, retinal oedema examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and retinal sensitivity using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) at the initial examination and at 6 and 12 months after treatment.Results:  At 6 months after treatment, BCVA had improved by at least two ETDRS lines in eight eyes, and remained unchanged in three eyes. No eye showed worsening of VA by two or more ETDRS lines. At 12 months, BCVA had improved by at least two ETDRS lines in 10 eyes and remained unchanged in only one eye. The size of the CNV decreased in all patients after treatment. Fluorescein fundus angiography revealed an absence of dye leakage in the late angiographic phase. Optical coherence tomography revealed decreased retinal oedema in all patients and SLO microperimetry revealed an increase in retinal sensitivity in seven eyes, at both 6 and 12 months after treatment. Chorioretinal atrophy developed around the CNV in 10 eyes at 6 months and in all eyes at 12 months after treatment.Conclusions:  Trans‐Tenon's retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide for CNV resulting from pathological myopia appears to be relatively safe and to have a good visual outcome, although a longterm follow‐up study in a larger series of patients is necessary.
Expression of nerve growth factor and its high‐affinity receptor, tyrosine kinase A proteins, in the human scalp skin
Authors: Adly Mohamed A. , Assaf Hanan A. , Nada Essam A. , Soliman Mohsen , Hussein Mahmoud 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its high‐affinity receptor, tyrosine kinase A (TrkA), are members of the neurotrophin family. NGF–TrkA are involved in murine hair morphogenesis and cycling. To date, their expression in human hair follicle (HF) is unknown. In this investigation, we hypothesize that NGF–TrkA proteins are expressed in the human scalp skin. Moreover, NGF–TrkA expression in HF changes with the transitions from anagen→catagen→telogen stages.Materials and methods:  To test our hypothesis and to fill this existing gap in literature, the immunostaining values (semiquantitative evaluation of protein expression: SI, staining intensity; PP, percentage of positive cells; and IR score, immunoreactivity score) of NGF and TrkA proteins were examined in human scalp skin by immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining methods. Fifty normal human scalp skin biopsy specimens were examined (healthy females, 53–57 years). In each case, 50 HFs were analyzed (35, 10, and five follicles in anagen, catagen, and telogen, respectively).Results:  The IR scores were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) in anagen as compared with either catagen or telogen HF (9.61 ± 0.12 vs. 1.4 ± 0.10 vs. 0.6 ± 0.10 for NGF and 3.31 ± 0.02 vs. 0.5 ± 0.10 vs. 0.2 ± 0.10 for TrkA). In the anagen HF, high expression values were seen in the distal region, followed by upper distal, lower distal, and bulb regions for both NGF (10.6 ± 0.21 vs. 10.3 ± 0.21 vs. 9.2 ± 0.40 vs. 8.1 ± 0.30) and TrkA (3.54 ± 0.07 vs. 3.45 ± 0.07 vs. 3.31 ± 0.06 vs. 3.13 ± 0.04). Both NGF and TrkA proteins showed prominent expression in the melanocytes (7.6 ± 0.15 vs. 2.50 ± 0.07), keratinocytes (10.2 ± 0.40 vs. 2.71 ± 0.06), sebaceous glands (10.2 ± 0.40 vs. 2.72 ± 0.06), and sweat glands (10.4 ± 0.40 vs. 2.84 ± 0.05).Conclusions:  Our findings report, for the first time, the expression pattern of NGF and TrkA proteins in human scalp skin and HF. The differential expression of these proteins during HF cycling suggests their possible roles in human HF biology. The clinical ramifications of these observations mandate further investigations.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2, MMP‐3, and MMP‐9) and fibronectin in lichen planus
Authors: Gunduz Kamer , Demireli Peyker , Inanir Isil , Nese Nalan 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Keratinocyte damage and lichenoid‐interface reaction are the two major pathologic findings in lichen planus (LP). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteinases that participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and may play an important role in basal membrane (BM) damage in LP. Fibronectin (FN) mediates a variety of cellular interactions with ECM and plays important roles in cell adhesion, migration, growth and differentiation.Objective:  To determine MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9 and FN expressions in LP and discuss the possible associations.Materials and methods:  Skin biopsy samples of 55 patients with LP and 11 normal skin were investigated. Five discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and 5 chronic dermatitis (CD) samples were also examined for comparison. Immunochemical stainings were performed for MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9 and fibronectin.Results:  Weak or absent expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐3 in epidermis; and dense MMP‐9 expression in dermal inflammatory infiltrate cells were detected in LP. FN expression was lost in epidermal basal layer and papillary dermis.Conclusion:  Loss of MMP‐2, MMP‐3 and FN in LP can be explained with the destruction of the epidermal basal layer. Similar expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐3 both in LP and DLE implied that these MMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of interface dermatitis.
Successful percutaneous coronary intervention using bivalirudin in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Krolick Merrill A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract:A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and thrombocytopenia who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stenting is presented. Patients with these concomitant diseases who require invasive cardiac procedures are at increased risk for ischemic and bleeding complications and the choice of anticoagulation in these patients is critical. In the present case, anticoagulation was achieved with the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin. No complications were reported, and the patient tolerated the procedure well. This case suggests that bivalirudin may be safely used in patients who are at an increased risk of bleeding undergoing PCI.
A review and a new hypothesis for non‐immunological pathogenetic mechanisms in vitiligo
Authors: Dell'Anna Maria Lucia , Picardo Mauro 
Published: August 2006

SummaryVitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes because of multifactorial and overlapping pathogenetic mechanisms. Besides the immunological approach, the study of the metabolic deregulations leading to toxic damage of the melanocytes appears to be more and more relevant. It was only last year that the first in vitro evidence supporting the link and the temporal sequence between the immune response and the cellular oxidative stress was provided, suggesting that the intrinsic damage of the melanocytes is primitive. What can be the guide line of the multiple altered metabolisms? A compromised membrane could render the cell sensitive to the external and internal agents differently, usually ineffective on the cell activity and survival. The primitive altered arrangement of the lipids may affect the transmembrane housing of proteins with enzymatic or receptorial activities, also conferring on them antigenic properties.
Relationship between salivary histatin 5 levels and Candida CFU counts in healthy elderly
Authors: Sugimoto Jun , Kanehira Takashi , Mizugai Hiroyuki , Chiba Itsuo , Morita Manabu 
Published: August 2006

Objectives:  Few epidemiological studies have confirmed the antifungal activity of histatin 5 in saliva against Candida species. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between concentrations of histatin 5 and the number of cultivable Candida in saliva samples from elderly.Methods:  Whole saliva samples were obtained from 124 elderly people, 65 years or older, living in a rural community. The concentrations of histatin 5 in saliva samples were determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody. Total colony‐forming units (CFUs) were counted on a selective medium for Candida. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the independent contribution of explanatory variables to Candida CFUs using age, sex, histatin 5 concentration and type of denture prosthesis as independent variables.Results:  Saliva samples from 104 subjects (84%) were candidal colony‐positive. The youngest group (65–69 years old) showed significantly smaller Candida CFU counts than those in the older group. The mean Candida CFU count of denture wearers was significantly higher than that of non‐denture wearers. Significantly negative associations were found between Candida CFU counts and histatin 5 level in the oldest group (p < 0.05) and in the full‐denture wearers (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Candida CFU counts were mostly associated with type of dentures, followed by histatin 5 concentration.Conclusion:  Possible activity of histatin 5 against Candida in whole saliva of elderly people was epidemiologically confirmed. The area covered by the prostheses was a strong factor associated with the Candida CFU count.
A preliminary investigation into tooth care, dental attendance and oral health related quality of life in adult stroke survivors in Tayside, Scotland
Authors: Hunter Romana V , Clarkson Jan E , Fraser Hazel W , MacWalter Ronald S 
Published: August 2006

Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of oral care, dental attendance and oral health‐related quality of life among adults who had suffered a stroke.Background:  Stroke is the most common cause of adult disability in the UK. Seventy per cent of strokes occur in adults over 65 years of age. A mild stroke may leave little residual disability but in cases of moderate or severe stroke the disability may be significant and may impact on oral health and function.Materials and methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among adults surviving 1 year after stroke, between January and July 2001. A medical screening was carried out which included an assessment of disability and handicap using the modified Rankin scale. A structured interview was conducted to identify normal patterns of oral care and dental attendance and to elicit if since suffering a stroke any changes had occurred or were likely to occur. The Short Form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) was administered prior to an oral examination. Analysis used SPSS 11.0 for Windows. Parametric and nonparametric tests were undertaken (t‐tests and chi‐squared tests with Yates correction where appropriate).Results:  Forty‐one adults were recruited into the study comprising 21 female and 20 male. They ranged in age from 50 to 87 years and the mean age was 69 years (SD = 9.8). Forty per cent of participants experienced moderate disability or greater following their stroke. Thirty‐seven per cent had difficulty with tooth cleaning. The most frequently reported problem was being unable to use one hand properly as a result of the stroke. There was a significant association between the degree of disability following stroke and difficulty with tooth cleaning (P = 0.015). Disability as a result of the stroke was cited as the main reason for reported or projected attendance pattern change. The most frequently experienced OHIP‐14 dimension was functional limitation (39%).Conclusion:  Individuals who have been left disabled after a stroke may require help with or advice on oral care and information on how to access dental services in a setting appropriate to their disability. Further research is needed to identify the dental needs of adults with stroke and to identify appropriate interventions to meet these needs.
Oral health care for frail elderly people: actual state and opinions of dentists towards a well‐organised community approach
Authors: De Visschere Luc M. , Vanobbergen Jacques N. 
Published: August 2006

Objective:  This study was undertaken to provide an analysis of the actual oral heath care for frail elderly people living in different settings and to explore opinions of dentists towards new concepts in developing a community approach.Method:  Data were collected from a sample of 101 dentists (15%) in the county of Antwerp using a self‐administered 30‐item questionnaire including questions about age, gender, education, organisational aspects of dental surgery, questions concerning dentists’ own contribution to oral healthcare services for frail elderly people and statements concerning opinions and attitude toward the organisation of oral health care for frail elderly people. At the same time, qualitative data were collected from focus group sessions with all participating dentists. Non‐parametric analysis was used to explore possible relationships between opinion and possible explanatory variables.Results:  Half of the dentists offered dental services to residential or nursing homes (mean number of treatments a year: 5.4) and at home (mean number of treatments a year: 2.4). Prosthetic treatments such as relieving denture pressure points, repairing, rebasing and making new dentures were carried out in 77.4% and 76.7% of the cases in residential or nursing homes and at home respectively. Extractions were carried out in 16% and 18.6% of the cases in both living situations respectively. The main reasons for dentists refusing domiciliary oral health care were the absence of dental equipment (63%), lack of time (19%), with 11% convincing the patients to be treated in their dental surgery. Analysis showed different opinions of dentists depending on age, gender and university of education; however, statistically significant differences were only found by age.Conclusion:  The older the dentist, the greater the tendency to refuse domiciliary oral healthcare services. The younger dentists were reluctant to cooperate in the provision of oral health care in a structured community approach.
The carriage of Candida species on the dorsal surface of the tongue: the correlation with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status in elderly subjects
Authors: Wang Jing , Ohshima Tomoko , Yasunari Utako , Namikoshi Satoko , Yoshihara Akihiro , Miyazaki Hideo , Maeda Nobuko 
Published: August 2006

Objectives:  To screen the carriage status of Candida species, especially Candida albicans and its genotype in an epidemiological survey and to investigate its correlation with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status of healthy elderly subjects.Materials and methods:  Microbiological samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue of 366 subjects, aged 75, and cultured on CHROMagar medium. The carriage status of Candida spp. and the distribution of C. albicans genotypes by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method were analysed and compared with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status of the subjects.Results:  A high carriage rate (68.6%) of Candida spp. and the predominant species of C. albicans (72.1%) were found in this study. The prevalence, density and multi‐species of Candida spp. were significantly related to the presence of a dental prosthesis. In C. albicans, genotype A predominated (56.4%) and genotype D showed a higher prevalence (12.5%) than previous reports. When comparing Candida spp. carriage with the oral status, significant positive correlations were found with the presence of any dental prosthesis, missing teeth, the number of retained roots and the percentage of sites showing bleeding on probing (BOP), while significant negative correlations were found with the number of teeth present, sound and filled teeth.Conclusions:  Candida carriage on the dorsum of the tongue in healthy elderly is significantly associated with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status, especially the presence of a dental prosthesis. As the complexity of the prosthesis being worn increased, the relative risk of Candida carriage and the numbers and multi‐species of Candida increased accordingly.
Systemic effects of angiotensin III in conscious dogs during acute double blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone‐system
Authors: Gammelgaard I. , Wamberg S. , Bie P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAims:  The study was designed to determine (i) whether the effects of angiotensin III (AngIII) are similar to those of angiotensin II (AngII) at identical plasma concentrations and (ii) whether AngIII operates solely through AT1‐ receptors.Methods:  Angiotensin II (3 pmol kg−1 min−1–3.1 ng kg−1 min−1) or AngIII (15 pmol kg−1 min−1–14 ng kg−1 min−1) was infused i.v. during acute inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (enalaprilate; 2 mg kg−1) and of aldosterone (canrenoate; 6 mg kg−1 plus 1 mg kg−1 h−1). Arterial plasma concentrations of angiotensins were determined by radioimmunoassay using a cross‐reacting antibody to AngII. During ongoing peptide infusion, candesartan (2 mg kg−1) was administered to block the AT1‐receptors.Results:  Angiotensin immunoactivity in plasma increased to 60 ± 10 pg mL−1 during infusion of AngII or infusion of AngIII. AngII significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure (+14 ± 4 mmHg) and plasma aldosterone by 79% (+149 ± 17 pg mL−1) and reduced plasma renin activity and sodium excretion (−41 ± 16 mIU L−1 and −46 ± 6 μmol min−1 respectively). AngIII mimicked these effects and the magnitude of AngIII responses was statistically indistinguishable from those of AngII. All measured effects of both peptides were blocked by candesartan.Conclusion:  At the present arterial plasma concentrations, AngIII is equipotent to AngII with regard to effects on blood pressure, aldosterone secretion and renal functions, and these AngIII effects are mediated through AT1‐ receptors. The metabolic clearance rate of AngIII is five times that of AngII.
Mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback regulation of glomerular filtration: ATP and adenosine
Authors: Castrop H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney the loop of Henle gets into close contact to its parent glomerulus. This anatomical link between the tubular system and the vasculature of the afferent and efferent arteriole enables specialized tubular cells, the macula densa (MD) cells, to establish an intra‐nephron feedback loop designed to control preglomerular resistance and thereby single nephron glomerular filtration rate. This review focuses on the signalling mechanisms which link salt‐sensing MD cells and the regulation of preglomerular resistance, a feedback loop known as tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Two purinergic molecules, ATP and adenosine, have emerged over the years as most likely candidates to serve as mediators of TGF. Data will be reviewed supporting a role of either ATP or adenosine as mediators of TGF. In addition, a concept will be discussed that integrates both ATP and adenosine into one signalling cascade that includes (i) release of ATP from MD cells upon increases in tubular salt concentration, (ii) extracellular degradation of ATP to form adenosine, and (iii) adenosine‐mediated vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.
Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Selected Feed Ingredients for Yellowfin Seabream, Sparus latus
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Yi , Liu Yong‐Jian , Tian Li‐Xia , Mai Kang‐Sen , Yang Hui‐Jun 
Published: August 2006

Abstract The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), and amino acid in seven feed ingredients were determined with juvenile yellowfin seabream (initial body weight, 41 ± 2 g; means ± SD) through two digestibility trials. The ingredients consisted of white fish meal (WFM), Peruvian fish meal (PFM), brown fish meal (BFM), rapeseed meal (RM), soybean meal (SBM), extruded soybean meal (extruded SBM), and peanut meal (PM). In each of the two trials, a casein–gelatin reference diet was mixed with test ingredients in a ratio of 70:30 to produce a series of diets, and yttrium oxide was used as the inert marker. The reference and test diets were fed to yellowfin seabream reared at 27.5 ± 1 C, and fecal samples were collected by siphoning. The derived DM, CP, and GE ADCs (means ± SD) for the test ingredients were, respectively, WFM – 72.3 ± 3.87, 86.4 ± 1.06, and 93.6 ± 2.63; PFM – 54.1 ± 15.45, 80.5 ± 7.81, and 77.4 ± 11.9; BFM – 57.7 ± 2.34, 82.8 ± 3.07, and 84.5 ± 5.77; RM – 33.5 ± 5.50, 84.7 ± 2.83, and 56.3 ± 9.87; SBM – 58.7 ± 4.42, 92.6 ± 3.94, and 58.1 ± 2.91; extruded SBM – 65.1 ± 16.52, 89.7 ± 1.68, and 64.8 ± 6.23; and PM – 70.6 ± 1.43, 97.3 ± 3.52, and 59.8 ± 4.78. The ADC of CP of both plant and animal feed ingredients was high, whereas DM and GE values varied greatly. Apparent DM digestibility coefficients of ingredients decreased as ash or fiber contents of ingredients increased, and the variation of apparent GE digestibility coefficients of ingredients is similar to that in DM, with the exception of the value for PM.
Effect of Photoperiod Manipulation on Broodstock Spawning, Fertilization Success, and Egg Developmental Abnormalities in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua
Authors: Penney Randy W. , Lush Pauline L. , Wade A. Joy , Brown Joseph A. , Burton Margaret P. M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Spawning activity in two captive Atlantic cod broodstock groups previously captured from the wild stock fishery was monitored over three spawning seasons. Both groups spawned under ambient photoperiod (PP) in the first year, after which photomanipulation was applied to compress the PP cycle of one broodstock group, while the second group was maintained on natural PP. Increased total egg volumes, number of egg batches, total egg production, and duration of the spawning season were observed in both ambient PP and advanced PP groups in the second and third spawning seasons. Compared to ambient controls, the photoadvanced group commenced spawning earlier, had a longer spawning season, produced a lower total volume of eggs over the entire spawning season, and had lower mean daily batch volumes of eggs, and the eggs were of smaller mean diameter. Fertilization success was >90% in all years, increased in both groups in the first year after photomanipulation but declined to prior levels in the following year. No consistent difference in fertilization success was observed between advanced PP and ambient PP groups. Rates of cell development abnormalities were low (<10%) in both groups over the three spawning seasons. Abnormalities of cell symmetry and clarity increased in both ambient PP and advanced PP groups over the three spawning seasons. However, no consistent differences in rate of cell abnormalities were observed between advanced PP and ambient PP groups within years. We conclude that PP advancement is an effective technique to compress the time between successive spawning periods in Atlantic cod and does not negatively affect fertilization success or rates of cell developmental abnormalities. However, it has a negative effect on both volume and size of eggs produced.