bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the logistic regression and the cox proportional hazard models in retrospective studies on the prognosis of patients with castric cancer
Authors: Moriguchi Sunao , Hayashi Yoshio , Nose Yoshiaki , Maehara Yoshihiko , Korenaga Daisuke , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo define the independent prognostic factors reducing survival time for gastric cancer, we compared the logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazard models applied to patients who underwent curative gastrec‐tomy. All patients were evaluated after being followed for long fixed periods. Of 1,019, 269 (26.4%) died of tumor recurrence within a 5‐year period and 36 (3.5%) died over 5 years after the original surgery. With regard to survival time, multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazard model in a stepwise manner adjusted for the sex, age, and 10 other factors, suggested that size of tumor (P<0.01, relative risk [rr] = 1.0962), degree of gastric wall invasion (P< 0.01, rr < 1.3520), and status of lymph node metastasis (P< 0.01, rr = 1.6572) were the most independent prognostic factors. As well as, using the stepwise logistic regression model, size of tumor, (P< 0.01, odds ratio [or] = 1.115), degree of gastric wall invasion (P< 0.01, or = 1.428), and status of lymph node metastasis (P< 0.01, or = 2.182) were also the most independent risk factors for recurrence within 5 years after surgery. Although regression coefficients are not all the same, these three factors proved significant in both multivariate analyses. This equation for risk factors for prognosis is approached when searching for an appropriate method of retrospective studies using multivariate analyses. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significant clinical response of activated carbon adsorbed‐peplomycin against esophageal cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Kitamura Kazuya , Hagiwara Akeo , Sasabe Tsunetoshi , Kojima Osamu , Takahashi Toshio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractActivated carbon particle adsorbed‐peplomycin (PEP‐CH) was administered to three patients who had advanced esophageal cancer and its clinical usefulness was evaluated. The PEP‐CH was injected endoscopically into the tumor or the adjacent normal esophageal tissue. Case 1 and case 3 were treated by topical injection of PEP‐CH with or without surgery and case 2 was subjected to the PEP‐CH treatment with radiation. The barium swallow and endoscopic examination exhibited a marked tumor reduction in all the patients at the end of the PEP‐CH treatment. Although a marked clinical response was seen, case 1 died of postoperative complication. Two patients were capable of oral food intake after the treatment, which had been impossible before the treatment. There were no serious adverse side effects caused by the PEP‐CH treatment in all the patients. PEP‐CH should prove valuable as a new form of chemotherapy for the treatment of esophageal cancer patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracavitary radiation in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma: A comparison of high dose rate vs. low dose rate brachytherapy
Authors: Harvey James C. , Fleischman Erik H. , Bellotti John E. , Kagan A. Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two patients were irradiated using two different dose schedules of intracavitary irradiation for palliation of locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus. Irradiation was given solely with either manually afterloaded low/Intermediate dose Cesium‐137 (LDR) or high dose rate Iridium‐192 (HDR) delivered via remote afterloader. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of HDR intracavitary brachytherapy in the relief of dysphagia and the maintenance of esophageal patency and to compare with our previous experiences with LDR intracavitary brachytherapy. Accelerated treatments were especially suited for patients with poor physical condition or short life expectancy unlikely to complete a full course of external beam irradiation without treatment interruption. Two thousand cGY in three fractions of LDR was compared with 1,250 cGY in one fraction HDR with essentially equal results. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alteration of the systemic antitumor activity of melphalan by sodium cyanate in MOPC‐460D myeloma‐bearing BALB/C mice
Authors: Shenouda George , Hutchinson Maureen , Noë Adrian , Panasci Lawrence 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSodium cyanate is a selective inhibitor of protein synthesis in a variety of mammalian tumor cells without a corresponding effect on normal tissue of the tumor‐bearing animals. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of sodium cyanate in the augmentation of the antitumor activity of melphalan in MOPC‐460D myeloma‐bearing BALB/c mice. The simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of sodium cyanate, 250 mg/kg, and melphalan, 12 mg/kg, followed by another dose of sodium cyanate, 200 mg/kg, administered 18 hours later, resulted in a tumor growth inhibition index (TGII) of 207%. In contrast, melphalan or sodium cyanate administered separately at the same dose induced a TGII of 133% and 1.570, respectively, when compared to control animals. Furthermore, a direct comparison of the volume of tumor implants in mice treated with the combination of sodium cyanate and melphalan vs. those treated with melphalan alone showed a statistically significant growth inhibition in favor of the sodium cyanate and melphalan combination on days 35, 39, and 42 from initiation of treatment. The data presented here suggest that the antitumor activity of melphalan could be increased, with moderate toxicity, by the concomitant intraperitoneal administration of sodium cyanate in BALB/c mice bearing measurable subcutaneous MOPC‐460D tumor transplants. This is the first report of an increase in melphalan antitumor activity by sodium cyanate at a tumor location distant from the site of injection. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dependence of the thymidylate synthase inhibition rate on the interval after the last administration of tegafur in sigmoid colon cancer patients
Authors: Nozue Mutsumi , Koike Naoto , Kawamoto Tohru , Toko Kisako , Sindou Takashi , Orii Kazuo , Kondou Tadashi , Mun Yumi , Nithou Manabu , Todoroki Takeshi , Fukao Katashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition rate was measured after tegafur (FT) administration (1.5 g/day, at least 10 days) in 7 sigmoid colon cancer patients. The TS inhibition rate decreased as the interval between the time of the last administration and the time of the tumor resection increased longer. This study provides basic data for considering methods of drug administration and assessment of modification, for example, by leucovorin. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High dose rate lntraluminal radiation in a combined modality treatment plan for carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Peddada Anuj V. , Harvey James C. , Anderson Paul J. , Davidson William , Smith Damon E. , Kagan A. Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously reported results for treatment of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the mid and distal esophagus as well as the use of intraluminal high‐dose rate radiation (HDR‐RT) for palliation of carcinoma of the esophagus. In this report we describe the results of a chemotherapy/HDR‐RT/esophagectomy management program. Examination of the surgical specimens revealed a complete response in only 13% of patients and locoregional recurrence was disappointing. There were no operative deaths nor were there major complications attributable to the preoperative treatment. Two‐year survival was 33%, only slightly better than that previously achieved by us with either primary surgery or primary external beam radiation among “curative” candidates with locoregional disease. HDR in combination with our selected chemotherapy regimen is insufficient for locoregional control and must be supplemented either by esophagectomy or external beam radiation for even modest long‐term survival. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum and tissue trace elements in colorectal cancer
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev K. , Shukla Vijay K. , Vaidya Madho P. , Roy Salil K. , Gupta Saroj 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum copper, zinc, and Cu/Zn ratio were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 30 patients with colorectal cancer and compared with 30 healthy control subjects. In the patients with colorectal cancer, the tissue copper and zinc levels were also measured in paired histologically normal and malignant colorectal tissue samples obtained at surgery. The mean serum copper levels were higher in patients with colorectal cancer (165.99 vs. 98.84 μg/dl) (P < 0.001). The mean serum zinc levels were lowered only in advanced (Dukes stages C and D) colorectal cancer compared to controls (89.94 vs. 115.08 μ/dl) (P < 0.001). However, the Cu/Zn ratio progressively increased with the advancing stage of malignancy (1.86 vs. 0.86) (P < 0.001). The cancerous colorectal tissue showed a higher concentration of both copper (2.78 vs. 1.79 μg/g) (P < 0.001) and zinc (27.16 vs. 18.98 μg/g) (P < 0.01) compared to non‐cancerous colorectal tissue. The exact mechanism responsible for the alterations in trace element levels in patients with colorectal cancer is largely unclear and requires further evaluation. However, the serum copper level and the Cu/Zn ratio are of value in estimating the extent of the carcinoma as well as in determining the prognosis of these patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of tumor‐host interaction in clinical gastric cancer: Relationship between dna ploidy and dendritic cell infiltration
Authors: Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Korenaga Daisuke , Tsujitani Shunichi , Haraguchi Masaru , Watanabe Akihiro , Orita Hiroyuki , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA ploidy of tumor cells and the degree of infiltration of dendritic cells were determined in 93 gastric cancer tissue specimens, and the mechanisms of tumor‐host interaction on the prognosis were investigated. DNA ploidy patterns were grouped into low and high ploidy, and the degree of infiltration of dendritic cells (DC) was graded into marked and slight infiltration. In the low ploidy group, the 5‐year survival rates in patients with marked and slight DC infiltration were 80.7% and 61.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). In the high ploidy group, however, there were no significant differences. In cases of low ploidy, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly lower in the marked DC infiltration group compared with findings in the slight DC group. Thus, markedly infiltrating dendritic cells in gastric cancer tissue may lead to prolongation of survival time for patients with a carcinoma of the low ploidy profile, by preventing widespread nodal involvement. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast conservation versus mastectomy: Patient preferences in a community practice in kentucky
Authors: Tate Peter S. , McGee Edgar M. , Hopkins Sidney F. , Rogers Edwin L. , Page George V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent studies have indicated a relatively low rate of breast‐sparing surgery for carcinoma in the Southeastern United States. From 1987 through 1991, 289 patients from Eastern and Central Kentucky with breast carcinoma were treated by the authors. Despite being fully informed of treatment options of breast cancer, 82% of patients with stage II disease or less and no medical contraindications to breast conservation preferred mastectomy. Overall, 10% of patients underwent breast‐sparing surgery, although this figure had risen to 20% by 1991. The most frequent reasons for preference of mastectomy were fear and inconvenience of radiotherapy and a perception that survival would be diminished if mastectomy was not done. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preoperative radiation, surgical margins, and local control of extremity sarcomas of soft tissues
Authors: Sadoski Corinne , Suit Herman D. , Rosenberg Andrew , Mankin Henry , Efird Jimmy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between status of the surgical margin and local control of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities by preoperative radiation therapy has been assessed in 132 consecutive patients from 1974 to 1988. The 5‐year actuarial local control rate was 94% for all patients; the rates were 97% and 82% for the 104 tumors with negative marigins and the 28 tumors with positive margins, respectively. The local control rate was independent of the extent of the negative margin. For primary sarcomas, the local control rates were 96%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, for margins that were negative at ≤1 mm or > 1 mm, or the specimens were negative for tumor; for positive margins the results was 83%. The overall local control rate was lower (not significant) for recurrent than for primary sarcomas: 88% vs. 94%. On the other hand, when stratifying by margin status, no difference was observed in local control results, i.e.: (1) 97% and 91% for primary and recurrent tumors with negative margins, respectively, and (2) 83% and 80% for primary and recurrent tumors with positive margins, respectively. Local control was not significantly higher in those patients who were treated by surgical resection (S), radiation (RT), and re‐excision of the previous tumor bed than in those whose radiation therapy was started after the biopsy and followed by one surgical resection. For primary sarcomas that were resected with negative margins the results were: 100% of 15 patients treated by S‐RT‐S and 96% of 75 patients treated by RT‐S. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staging of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: A comparison of different staging criteria
Authors: Ellis F. Henry , Watkins Elton , Krasna Mark J. , Heatley Gerald J. , Balogh Karoly 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe third edition [1988] of the Manual for Staging of Cancer of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) was developed to permit finer discrimination between stages than was true of the previous edition [1983]. This study was designed to determine whether or not this goal was achieved. Pathologic staging of the specimens removed from 265 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or cardia undergoing esophagogastrectomy between 1970 and 1988 was performed according to criteria published in the second and third editions and their survival data compared. The new staging criteria of the AJCC provides no better discrimination of stages according to survival than was true of the earlier version, the 5‐year survival of stage IIA patients being similar to that of stage I patients (37.5 ± 6.7% vs. 50.8 ± 17.7%), and the survival of stage IIB patients being similar to that of stage III patients (16.2 ± 8.1% vs. 13.6 ± 3.7%). However, depth of wall penetration and extent of lymph node involvement were reliable independent predictors of survival. We propose a modified version of the Skinner WNM staging plan that provides a modest increase in staging fragmentation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adjuvant regional isolated perfusion with melphalan for patients with clark V melanoma of the extremities
Authors: Vrouenraets Bart C. , Kroon Bin B. R. , Klaase Joost M. , Van Gell Bert N. , Eggermont Alexander M. M. , Franklin Hilary R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1978 to 1990, 32 patients with Clark V melanoma were treated by wide excision of the primary and adjuvant regional isolated perfusion with melphalan. M.D. Anderson stage of disease was stage I in 22 and stage IIIb in 10 patients. Five‐year survival rates were 58% and 27%, respectively. Seven patients developed a recurrence in the perfused limb [stage I, 2, stage IIIb, 5 patients (P = 0.03)], and 4 of 17 patients developed regional lymph node metastases. Of the well‐known prognostic variables, only ulceration of the primary tumor significantly influenced survival (P = 0.03). We did not see any improvement in survival rates compared with literature data on nonperfused patients. In the absence of data on locoregional recurrence rates in nonperfused Clark V melanoma patients, we cannot say whether adjuvant perfusion diminished this risk. Therefore, the results of the prospective randomized EORTC/WHO trial in primary high‐risk extremity melanoma have to be awaited. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An experimental recurrence model for malignant fibrous histiocytoma induced by 4‐hydroxyaminoquinoline 1‐oxide in the rat
Authors: Tanuma Masaji , Goto Kunihiko , Nagura Hiroshi , Sakurai Minoru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo clarify the relationship between local recurrence of mesenchymal tumors and their malignant potentiality, we made an experimental recurrence model for malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) induced by 4‐hydroxyaminoquinoline 1‐oxide in the rat by repeated exicisional operations. By the repeated exicision, the number of recurrent tumors increased, and the doubling time of tumor growth was shortened. The mean doubling time of primary tumors was 6.6 days, that of the first locally recurrent tumors was 4.3 days, and that of the second locally recurrent tumors was 3.3 days. However, mitotic count and 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index did not change. this study proved experimentally that MFH shows more rapid growth through repeated local recurrences, and this experimental model may provide a better understanding of the local recurrence of MFH. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phase I/II study of intraoperative radiotherapy in advanced unresectable or recurrent carcinoma of the rectum: A radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) study
Authors: Lanciano Rachelle M. , Calkins Alison R. , Wolkov Harvey B. , Buzydlowski Jan , Noyes R. Dirk , Sause William , Nelson Diana , Willett Christopher , Owens Jay C. , Hanks Gerald M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) initiated a phase I/II study of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in advanced or recurrent rectal cancer to assess therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and establish quality control guidelines prior to beginning a phase III trial. From October 1985 through December 1989, 87 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum or rectosigmoid with recurrent/persistent disease after surgery or those primarily inoperable were entered by 14 institutions. Of 86 evaluable patients, 42 patients received IORT either alone (n = 15) or in combination with external beam (n = 27). Local control was dependent on the amount of residual disease prior to IORT, with 2‐year actuarial local control of 77% if no gross residual disease remained vs. 10% with gross residual disease (P = 0.0001). For the recurrent/residual group (n = 33), this observation was also significant with a 2‐year actuarial local control rate of 64% if no gross residual remained vs. 10% with gross residual disease (P = 0.004). Local control translated into an improved survival for all patients and the recurrent/residual group with 2‐year actuarial survival of 88% and 89% if no gross residual disease remained vs. 48% and 45% with gross residual disease, respectively (P = .0005, 0.006). Six patients (14.6%) experienced four grade 3 and three grade 4 complications as a possible result of IORT during follow‐up with a 2‐year actuarial risk of major complications of 16%. We conclude that IORT is feasible within a cooperative group and can be performed with acceptable complication rates. A phase III trial to demonstrate a therapeutic advantage for IORT over external beam alone is currently in progress. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of surgical margins on advanced cancer treated with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and surgical resection
Authors: Pelton Jeffrey J. , Lanciano Rachelle M. , Hoffman John P. , Hanks Gerald M. , Eisenberg Burton L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been used successfully in the treatment of malignancies, alone and as an adjunct to surgical resection. This study examined a single institution's experience with combined IORT and surgical resection in the treatment of advanced cancer. The records of 41 consecutive patients undergoing intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, from My 1987 through March 1990, were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had locally advanced disease, of whom 73% had failed previous multimodality therapy and 44% had undergone prior radiation therapy (XRT). The 2‐year actuarial survival for the entire cohort was 72%. Disease‐free survival was 47% at 1 year and 5% at 2 years. The only important prognostic factor predicting outcome was status of the surgical margin. Positive surgical margins decreased the 2‐year actuarial survival from 100% to 59%, and increased the local failure rate from 21% to 52%. Margin status had no effect on the later development of metastatic diseae. Higher IORT doses, field sizes >7 cm, and multiple IORT fields were used for larger tumors and larger amounts of residual disease. These parameters alone did not correlate with improved local control. This analysis suggests the usefulness of aggressive surgical resection with IORT in extending survival for locally advanced or recurrent cancer. Negative margin status is the best predictor of a favorable outcome and should be used to select patients who may benefit from IORT. The use of radiation sensitizing agents should be explored in patients with positive margins, since in‐field failure continues to be the major pattern of failure. IORT in conjunction with aggressive surgical resection should continue to be studied in prospective randomized clinical trials. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of presentation in brain tumors in the United States
Authors: Zaki Adel , Natarajan Nachimuthu , Mettlin Curtis J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study included 11,111 cases with confirmed primary brain tumors reported by 679 different hospitals in the United States in 1980 and in 1985. The combinations of symptoms and signs in relation to the site of the brain tumors, supratentorial vs infratentorial, were studied. Only one symptom was present in 32.9% and 26.7% of cases with supratentorial and infratentorial tumors. No neurologic sign was detected at the time of diagnosis in 20% and 14.6% of cases with supratentorial and infratentorial tumors, respectively. Considering the clinical stage at diagnosis, no neurologic sign was detected in 21.4% of patients presenting in stages I and II; compared with 11.5% in those presenting in late clinical stages (III & IV). The study confirmed the importance of meticulous history taking for early referral for diagnosis of brain tumors. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of insulin‐like growth factor 1 on host response to tumor
Authors: Dong Yuan‐Lin , Fleming R. Y. Declan , Huang K. Fon , Herndon David N. , Yan Tina Z. , Waymack J. Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOncology patients suffer multiple detrimental metabolic alterations. Among these are catabolism of tumor free body mass to supply nutrients to feed the tumor. This results not only in enhanced tumor growth but also poor wound healing and immunosuppression of the tumor host. Efforts are therefore being directed at finding methods for improving the nutritional status of the tumor host without enhancing tumor growth. We investigated the ability of two hormones, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and insulin, to improve physiologic function in tumor‐bearing animals. Tumor‐bearing animals received a continuous infusion of IGF‐1 (2.20 mg/kg/ day), insulin (820 μm/kg/day) or placebo via an osmotic minipump for 7 days. All animals were pair fed to eliminate nutritional intake as a variable. The placebo group lost 31.37 ± 4.3 g of tumor free body mass during the study period. The insulin treated group lost 26.34 ± 7.42 g and the IGF‐1 group lost 5.07 ± 3.25g (P < 0.001, ANOVA). IGF‐1 treatment failed to alter plasma glucose, lactate, or total amino acid concentration and failed to alter hepatic ketone body concentrations, but did improve hepatic mitochondria redox potential. Finally, IGF‐1 improved splenic weight by 110% and splenic lymphocyte count by 300%. In conclusion IGF‐1 appears to offer potential in supporting tumor free host body mass without stimulating tumor growth. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.