bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenation of Furfural and Furfuryl Alcohol. IV. Hydrogenation of Furfural into Furfaryl (Tetrahydrofurfuryl) Alcohol by the Combination of Copper Chromium Oxide Catalyst and Nickel Kieselguhr Catalyst
Authors: Katuno Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Furfural was hydrogenated into furfuryl alcohol by using copper chromium oxide catalyst under high pressure. Then the product was further hydrogenated by adding nickel kieselguhr catalyst, without separation and purification of furfuryl alcohol. The hydrogenation proceeded rapidly and furfaryl alcohol about 83–84% of the theoretical yield was obtained.
2. Furfural was hydrgenated by using copper chromium oxide catalyst and nickel kieselguhr catalyst, which were prepared separately before use. The hydrogenation proceeded rapidly, and furfaryl alcohol, (about 74∼79% of the theoretical yield) was obtained, which is slightly lower than in the above procedure.
3. The mixture of Cu(OH)(NH4)(CrO4) and nickelcarbonate kieselguhr, mixed mechanically or in the state of precipitates, was used for the hydrogenation of furfural, after reducing it with hydrogen or after thermal decomposition without reduction. The results was less satisfactory compared with the above two procedures.
Studies on Nitrate Reductase. III
Authors: Sato Ryo , Egami Fujio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of various inhibitors on nitrate reductase have been investigated and some spectroscopic observations have been made to elucidate the chemical nature of nitrate reductase. From these studies it becomes very probable that cytochrome b of Bac. coli type is identical with nitrate reductase.
Fundamental Studies on the Current-Voltage Curve in Polarography. I
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Tamamushi Reita 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formula of the current-voltage curve in polarography has been derived from the view-point of chemical kinetics and independently of the Nernst’s equation. As a result, it has been clearly shown that if the condition of the diffusion-control is fulfilled the formula which had been derived from the Nernst’s equation has been obtained in the various types of the electrode reaction. Of these types both the oxidation-reduction of the simple (or hydrated) metal ions and the deposition of the metals from the simple (or hydrated) metal ions have been dealt with in the present paper.
It is also suggested that the “ irreversible wave” which cannot be treated theoretically based on the Nernst’s equation can possibly be dealt with by the similar derivation as mentioned here.
The authors take this opportunity of acknowledging their gratitude to Director San-ichiro Mizushima for his kind advice and encouragement throughout this study. The cost of this research has been defrayed from the Scientific Research Encouragement Grant from the Department of Education, to which the authors’ thanks are due.
On the Equilibrium of the Radioactive Elements in the Hydrosphere. VI. Radioactivity Measurement of Natural Waters with the Geiger-Müller Counter
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radioactivity of the natural water was measured with the Geiger-Müller counter. The relationship between the radon content of the thermal springs of Misasa and the number of counts was studied. The increase of β and γ radioactivity of fresh mineral waters was observed.
Inhibitory Effect of Cyanine- and Styryl-Dyes upon Cholinesterase. I
Authors: Hase Eiji , Mizuno Yoshihisa , Katayanagi Masujiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It was found that a number of cyanine- and styryl-dyes has a strong inhibitory action upon cholinesterase.
(2) Both the specific and non-specific cholinesterase are inhibited by the subtances, the latter being probably more susceptible than the former.
(3) The substances have no appreciable effects upon the liver esterase. With the esterase in horse serum, even a slight acceleration of the activity was observed under the influence of some dyes investigated.
(4) For some related members of styryl-dyes, a certain relationship between chemical constitution and their inhibitory effects upon cholinesterase could be found.
Fundamental Research on Anodic Reaction. II. Activation Energy of Anodic Oxygen-producing Reaction on Some Electrode Materials in Aqueous Solution of n/10 Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Yoneda Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Activation energies of anodic oxygen-producing reaction on electrode of platinum, magnetite, or natural graphite were measured in aqueous solution of n/10 NaOH under stirring by the stream of oxygen gas, at temperature from about 25° to 65°C. On platinum anode, overvoltage was measured by two methods, (i) by the ordinary method just after 30 minutes from the time of closing the electric circuit, and (ii) by the oscillographic method. The activation energy calculated herefrom was found 15.9 ±2.0 kcals. by (i) method, and 13.8 ±0.6 kcals. by (ii) method. On magnetite and natural graphite, overvoltage was measured by (iii) ordinary method at the stationary state which was obtained after a few minutes. Activation energy of the former was found to be 26.2 ±3.2 kcals., and that of the latter is not obtained. The activation energy on platinum by oscillographic method is consistent with that measured by F. P. Bowden in the aqueous solution of n/5 H2SO4, which is 13–14 kcals. after being corrected about the temperature coefficient of oxygen equilibrium potential. These facts suggest that the anodic oxygenproducing reaction on platinum proceeds through the same ratedetermining step both in acid and alkaline solutions, and the mechanism is rather different on platinum from the one on magnetite.
New Diffusion Pump Oil—Higher Monoalkyl-naphthalenes
Authors: Kuwata Tutomu , Tomiyama Sin-ichi , Takao Masayasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some monoalkyl-naphthalenes were prepared by the condensation of naphthalene and respective alcohols using activated Japanese acid clay as a condensing catalyst. The constitution of the alkyl-naphthalenes was assumed to be 2-naphthyl alkanes. The alkyl-naphthalenes were shown to be usable as good diffusion pump oil. The oils, were very resisting for oxidation.
Chemical Analysis by Means of Organic Compounds. XVI. Amperometric Titrations. III. Cuprimetric Titrations
Authors: Ishibashi Masayoshi , Fujinaga Taitiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Cuprimetric amperometry using cupric sulfate as a standard solution was introduced in the determination of copper, zinc and magnesium.
(2) Oxine, benzoinoxime or other organic reagents were used as intermediate reagent in this titration, so on the other hand, some organic substances would be determined by this method.
(3) The procedure is simple and sensible to 10−4 mol Cu per liter, if suitable measures are taken.
Studies on the Purities of Precipitate and Crystal. IV. The Investigation or Presumption of Solubility by Co-precipitation Phenomena
Authors: Ôsawa Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubility of zinc oxalate has been reported by Kunschert (7×10−5 mol/l. at 25°) or F. Kohlrausch (4.2×10−5 at 18°), but, from the viewpoint of the relations between solubility and co-precipitation phenomena, it would be greater than their values, perhaps about 1.1∼1.6×10−4 mol/1. at room temperature.
Measurements showed the solubility of zinc oxalate, of which composition was ZnC2O4·2H2O, to be 1.2×10−4 mol/l. at 20° ±0.05°. This is almost the same with the result obtained by Scholder, Gadene and Niemann (1.36×10−4 mol/l. as 18°) but further details are not clear.
By the relations between solubility and co-precipitation phenomena, a presumption or investigation of solubility may be possible; namely, it may be determined by the use of the transition point of adsorption and occlusion of foreign ions (about 2×10−4 mol/l. at 20°). Needless to say, the formation or treatment of precipitate should be done under the same condition. The study on a mechanism for the adsorption or Balarew’s occlusion phenomena is in progress.
Studies on Foams. IV. The Effect of Electrolyte on the Foam Formation of Congo Red Solution
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The changes of foaming porwer of the solution of congo red by the addition of electrolytes have been estimated. There is a prominent maximum in the foam duration by the change of the concentration of electrolyte, while no such maximum is seen in the foaminess. The electrolyte concentrations, at which the foam strength becomes maximum, and the coagulation value changes in the same trend from an electrolyte to the other. This is accounted for the fact that the affinity of polar part of dye ion to solvent is weakened by the addition of electrolyte.
On the Viscosity of the Uranium Hexafluoride
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the uranium hexafluoride obtained by the reaction between fluorine and uranium carbide, the viscosity was measured between 14.5° and 44.7°. The purification of uranium hexafluoride was performed by several repeated sublimation. The oscillating-disk viscosimeter was used in this experiments and its apparatus constant was obtained by the observation of the apparatus filled with air. The molecular diameter of uranium hexafluoride was determined from the Sutherland’s constant, and the rigidity of the molecule was also obtained from the observed values.
Equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. I. Equilibrium Pressure of Reaction in Urea-Synthesis from Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kawasumi Schohachi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) In the study of the equilibrium pressure of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system, it was experimentally found that the equilibrium pressure of the system is a function of loading, density of reactants in the reaction vessel at a given temperature.
(2) The experimental equations that show the relation between temperature and equilibrium pressure were studied at various loading densities, under conditions that loading mol ratio of carbon dioxide to ammonia was one by two, and at the temperature range 130° to 170°.
(3) It was verified that the diversity of the equilibrium pressure of the system is reasonable.
Studies on Dielectric Behavior of Bound Water in Timber in the High Frequency Region
Authors: Takeda Masatami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Dielectric constants and loss factors of timber tilia containing various amounts of water have been measured in the region of frequencies of 0.2–3000 M. C.
2. The dielectric properties of these materials at the high frequency region are found to depend upon the rotation of dipoles of water, free and bound, in timber. The empirical relation proposed by Cole and Cole are utilized for the explanation.
3. Their dielectric properties at lower frequencies may be attributed to the other causes such as the movement of ions in the material.
The Absorption Spectra of Quinolino-quinolines
Authors: Shibata Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Purified cotton and wood pulp were hydrolyzed in 3.5 N HCl for 4-120 hours at 30°. The hydrolyzed products were nitrated with the mixtures of H3PO4-HNOS-P2O5 at 0° for 6 hours. Acetone solutions of the nitrates were fractionally precipitated with ligroin, and chain length distribution curves were plotted. These curves show no positive proof of the presence of the weak bonds which split 5000 times faster than the usual glucosidic bonds. These are well explained with the submicroscopic structure of cellulose.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. V. Monomolecular Films of Hardly Spreadable Substances Stabilized by Stearic Acid and Cetyl Alcohol
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Matuura Ryôhei , Fujimoto Nobumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Monomolecular film of novolac and some azo dyes, which are not capable of forming stable monomolecular films by themselves on the surrface of water, were prepared using stearic acid or cetyl alcohol as a stabilizer and their properties were measured and discussed. It was shown that the molecule of novolac lies rather flat on the surface of water. The remarkable effect of capric ion in the underlying water on the dye mono layers was discussed in connection with the molecular structure of the dye compounds.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. VI. On the Surface Films of Diphenylsiloxane Polymers
Authors: Matuura Ryôhei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface films of diphenylsiloxane polymers obtained by heating the monomer above its meltfrytytgrfrfgtyhing point were formed on the surface of water and their properties were discussed in connection with their molecular structure. The linear trimer formed a very stable monolayer on water and its molecular area was approximately equal to the area of six phenyl groups, while the cyclic trimer formed no surface film, readily aggregating into three-dimensional crystals. This difference was explained by the difference in molecular structure; the former has a decided polar-nonpolar structure, while the latter lacks such a structure. This was also confirmed by the experiment on emulsion stabilization.
Research on Activation Energy. II. Some Applications of the Empirical Rule
Authors: Kume Sanshiro , Otozai Kiyoteru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The empirical rule for the calculation of the activation energy previously proposed has been applied for some more complicated reactions.
2. For the addition reaction of halogen to ethylene the calculated values agree very well with the observed values, but for that of hydrogen the calculated value was somewhat greater than the observed.
3. For the atomic reactions involving sodium and halogen atoms the calculated values agree well with the observed under the appropriate assumptions.
4. The activation energies for the adsorption of hydrogen and ethylene on nickel have been calculated, and the initial rate of adsorption of ethylene calculated by the use of the obtained value of the activation energy was compared with the experimental value of Steacie and Stovel.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. VIII. Rigidity of the Monolayer of Stearic Acid on the Surface of Salt Solutions
Authors: Matuura Ryôhei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A relative rigidity of the monolayer of stearic acid on the surface of water containing various metallic ions was measured by the displacement of the glass thread. It was found, as was pointed out in the preceding paper, that metallic ions were classified largely into two groups, namely ions which render the surface film remarkably rigid and those without such effect. Those of the former group are thorium, aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, mercury, cobalt and nickel, while the latter group involves calcium, barium and magnesium. So-called expansion pattern of the film of stearic acid in the presence of these metallic ions was also studied, the result of which also confirmed this conclusion.
Fluorometric Microdetermination of Uranium. V. The Uranium Content of Sea Water
Authors: Nakanishi Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Coast and ocean water sample were analysed on their uranium contents by the fluorometric method.
The variation to the depth of 4000 m. was also examined in the ocean water sample. The content is likely to be constant even to the deep, though a little decrease appears in the surface water.
The obtained values in the deeper layer (average 2.8×10−6 g.U/l.) are somewhat higher than those by foreign investigators.
Synthesis of 2-Arylimino-3-aryl-4-keto-tetrahydrothiazoles by Condensing Di-Arylthioureas with Monochloroacetic Acid
Authors: Bhargava Prithwi Nath 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) 2-Arylimino-3-aryl-4-keto-tetrahydro-thiazoles were prepared by condensation of di-arylthioureas with monochloroacetic acid in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate and absolute alcohol.
(2) The formation of semicarbazones of 2-arylimino-3-aryl-4-keto-tetrahydrothiazoles has revealed the presence of a keto-group.
Studies on the Conjugated Double Bond Systems. VIII. On the Electronic Structures of Furan, Pyrrole and Thiophen
Authors: Nagakura Saburo , Hosoya Toichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electronic structures of furan, pyrrole and thiophene were investigated by the use of the molecular orbital method. And values of energy levels, resonance energies, π-electron densities and bond orders were calculated. As the result of these calculations, it was found that nonbonding electrons of hetero-atoms migrate into carbon atoms and the degree of these electron migrations increases in the order of furan, pyrrole and thiophene.
On the Nature of Built-up Film. I. Adsorption of Ion on Built-up Film of Stearic Acid
Authors: Muramatsu Mitsuo , Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorption of barium, mercuric, cupric, aluminum, and thorium ions on the built-up films of stearic acid both transferred from water the surface of water, and converted from barium stearate multilayers, was studied.
The adsorbed amount of barium ion increased with increasing pH, but the increase in thickness corresponding to the saturate adsorption for monolayer was constant for all pH. On the contrary, other ions studied showed the specific pH range for the optimum adsorption. A more or less complicated and large structure for these ions was concluded from the special nature of the adsorption hereby exhibited by these ions. Such a complex nature was most pronounced for aluminum and thorium ions.
Equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. II. Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium in the Loading Mole Ratio of 2NH3 to CO2
Authors: Kawasumi Sch\={o}hachi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) For studying the liquid-and vaporphase equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system under high temperature and pressure, details of methods to determine mole ratios of ammonia, carbon dioixde and water in the vapor phase, mole ratio of ammonia to carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, and volume-ratio of the vapor-to liquid-phase in an autoclave have been described.
(2) Experimental results at temperatures between 140 and 180°C. and over the loading density range of 0.20 to 1.00 g./cc. have been shown in the case of the loading mole ratio of 2NH3 to 1 CO2.
(3) The relations among the equilibrium yield of urea, the loading density and the temperature were discussed from the standpoint of the liquid- and vapor-phase equilibrium.
(4) The liquid- and vapor-phase compositions in the equilibrium state of the system have been calculated on an assumption that the system consists of three components, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water, in the vapor phase and of four components, urea, water, ammonia and carbon dioxide, in the liquid phase.
(5) The equilibrium constant of the following reaction represented by mole fraction of each component in the liquid phase is approximately constant independent of the loading density at a given temperature.
CO_2+2NH_3\ightleftarrowsCO(NH_2)_2+H_2O
(6) A discontinuous point appearing in a plot of the equilibrium constant against the temperature at a given loading density has been discussed.
(7) The liquid- and vapor-densities of the system under high temperature and pressure have been calculated from the equilibrium compositions.
A Study on the Mechanism of the Catalytic Action of Manganese Dioxide on the Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate by Use of Heavy Oxygen as an Isotopic Tracer
Authors: Fukushima Shouzow , Horibe Yoshio , Titani Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By use of heavy oxygen as an isotopic tracer, the following facts have been found;
1. At the catalytic decomposition of potassium chlorate in the presence of manganese dioxide, an unstable compound is formed between potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide, and oxygen gas is liberated by the decomposition of this intermediate compound.
2. The active part of manganese dioxide capable of composing such an intermediate compound with potassium chlorate is only a limited small portion of the particle.
3. Such an active part is readily destroyed by such a severe treatment as the heating of the catalyst in a vacuum at high temperature.
On the Mechanism of the Reduction Process of the Hydrogen Ion at the Dropping Mercury Electrode. II. Experimental Part—The Limiting Current of the Hydrogen Wave
Authors: Tamamushi Reita 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The properties of the limiting current of the reduction wave of the hydrogen ion were studied in the system of dil. HCl in 0.1 n KCl solution.
The relution between the limiting current and the concentration of the hydrogen ion in the bulk of the solution was linear, and the experimental relation between the limiting current and the height of the mercury reservior was interpreted by the revised Ilkovic equation.
It was shown that the temperature coefficient of the limiting current is nearly equal to 1.0 % at 25° which is in agreement with the theoretical value computed from the revised Ilkovic equation.
From these results it was concluded that the limiting current of the hydrogen ion obtained under the present condition is controlled by the diffusion process of the hydrogen ion.
Formula for the Melting Points of Inorganic Compounds of Type MXOn
Authors: Fujiwara Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1)An expression for the melting points of the inorganic compounds of type MXOn has been obtained as,
T·(α_+-α_-)^1/6=a-b·(r_-/r_+),
and the values of a and b have been given, where T is the melting point in absolute temperature, α+ and r+ are the polarizability and the ionic radius of the cation M+, res-pectively, and α−, r− are the polarizability and the ionic radius of the ion X(2n−1)+ respectively.
(2) Considering the results of the practical calculation, the values given by Goldschmidt are to be adopted for the formula as the polar -izabilities and ionic radii, and those given by Fajans and by Pauling are less satisfying in some cases. It is probably due to the fact that the Gold Schmidt’s values correspond to the ions in the solid and those of Pajans and of Pauling to the free ions.
(3) This formula will be useful for the ex-amination of the known values of the melting points and for the estimation of the unknown data.
(4) It is very important that ‘melting point’ is presented as a function of the variables characteristic for atoms, such as ionic radius and polarizability of atoms.
Note on the Ideal Mixture Law for Viscosity
Authors: Ishikawa Tetsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tests made with data in the recent literature show (1) that the Ishikawa formula is superior to the formulas of Macleod, Drucker-Kassel and Kendall which are often used as an ideal mixture law for viscosity, and (2) that the extraordinary values of K of his formula in PbCl2–PbBr2 and Na–K systems suggest the tendency of forming peritectic compounds of PbBr23PbCl2 and Na2K respectively.
Studies on Nitrate Reductase. VI. Acceptor Specificity of the Enzyme
Authors: Sato Ryo , Ebata Mituo , Egami Fujio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Evidence is presented to indicate that ethyl nitrate, nitromethane, and possibly also nitrourea are not able to accept hydrogen from nitrate reductase system of E. coli. p-Nitrobenzoic acid is reduced to p-aminobenzoic acid by the action of the dried cells of E. coli to a small extent. This reduction is, however, not achieved by nitrate reductase. Nitrite reductase contained in the organism is responsible for the reduction of aromatic nitro groups.
Studies on the Polarographic Analysis. XI. New Differential Polarography with One Dropping Electrode
Authors: Ishibashi Masayoshi , Fujinaga Taitiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The authors studied on the new differential polarography; its instrumentation and result obtained were particularly reported in the present paper. Discussions for its quantitative analysis and for the electrode reactions and some utilities of current-alternator will be followed.
The Salt Effect in the Aniline-Formaldehyde Condensation
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Okano Masaya , Yamamoto Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the hydrochloric or sulfuric acid-catalyzed condensation of aniline with formaldehyde, it was found that the addition of inorganic salt, e. g., sodium chloride or potassium sulfate, increases the rate and this fact is ascribed to the so-called primary and secondary salt effects.