bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choice and predictability in the preparation for barium enemas: A person‐by‐situation approach
Authors: Wallston Barbara Strudler , Smith Roberta Ann Pointer , Wallston Kenneth A. , King Joan E. , Rye Patricia D. , Heim Craig R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of choice and predictability information regarding preparation for a barium enema procedure was investigated for patients differing in desire for control (DFC) and in experience with the barium enema exam. One‐third of the patients, randomly assigned to the choice condition, were selected from three equally effective preparations. For these patients, choice and predictability information are confounded. Patients in the instruction only and information conditions were yoked to choice patients to control for type of preparation. Patients in the information condition were given the same sensation information about their specific preparation as those in choice. Instruction only was effective for low DFC patients, but contrary to prediction the choice was problematic for high DFC patients. It was suggested that the limited choice created reactance for these patients. The differential effectiveness of health care interventions in relation to patient predispositions was stressed.
Locus of control among alcoholics, recovering alcoholics, and non‐alcoholics
Authors: Huckstadt Alicia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn alcoholic's relapse to drinking is thought to be related to various interpersonal and intrapersonal factors. Drinking‐Related Locus of Control (DRIE) scores among alcoholics, recovering alcoholics, and non‐alcoholics were compared in this investigation. Each group consisted of 22 males similar in age and other socioeconomic factors. Results indicated significant differences among the three groups. The non‐alcoholic group scored more internally than the alcoholic or recovering alcoholic groups; the recovering alcoholic group scored more internally than the alcoholic group. The findings suggest that assessment of the alcoholic's DRIE scores may be useful in planning and monitoring the treatment of this disease.
The health of conjugally bereaved older widows: The role of appraisal, coping and resources
Authors: Gass Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRelationships between bereavement, coping, resources, and health dysfunction were investigated in 100 older women (M age = 71.3 years) widowed from 1 to 12 months prior to the interview. Differences in coping for those who appraised their bereavement as either (a) harmful loss, but without major accompanying losses, (b) harmful loss with other anticipated threats, or (c) a challenge were hypothesized. Data collection included use of the Ways of Coping Checklist, Sickness Impact Profile, and appraisal of bereavement and resources. The appraisal groups differed significantly in overall problem‐focused coping, wishful thinking, help seeking/avoidance, self blame, and growth‐oriented coping. There was no difference in use of emotion‐focused coping and ways to minimize threat and seek social support. Social support, strong religious beliefs, practice of rituals, belief in control over bereavement, and good prior mental health were related to less psychosocial and/or physical dysfunction. Greater numbers of resources, but not greater numbers of coping strategies, also were related to less psychosocial and/or physical dysfunction.
Sensitivity to infant development and behavior: A comparison of adolescent and adult single mothers
Authors: Becker Patricia T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship of adolescent mothers' knowledge of infant development and perceptions of infant behavior to stress experienced during pregnancy were examined using a comparison group of adults of similar marital status. Relationships with maternal age across groups also were examined. Adolescents underestimated developmental rate and perceived some infant behaviors less optimally, but did not differ in levels of stress. Stress was related to several parenting subscores. Some support for a linear relationship with maternal age was found. Results suggest the need for further research to determine how level of maturity affects translation of knowledge into maternal action.
Patient participation in alternative perinatal care: Impact on satisfaction and health locus of control
Authors: Littlefield V. M. , Adams B. N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWomen's degree of participation, satisfaction, and change in health locus of control after giving birth in an alternative birthing unit was examined. A quasiexperimental two‐group design of convenience samples (N = 99) was used to compare differences and evaluate the care given. An alternative birthing experience increased women's sense of participation and related to women's satisfaction, but did not change internal scores on the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales. Women's reliance on powerful others increased post delivery. Complications were negatively related to selected aspects of women's satisfaction in labor and delivery, but positively related to satisfaction with antepartal care.
Power orientations and communication style of managers and nonmanagers
Authors: Farley Mary J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare nurse managers and nonmanagers in their orientations to power and in their communication styles. A complementary purpose was to examine the relationship between six orientations to power and social style. Fortyseven hospitals were randomly selected with 43 used for analysis. The director of nursing and a staff nurse from each hospital were asked to complete the Power Orientation Scale and to obtain ratings from others on their social style. Nurse administrators held more positive orientations to three of the six power orientations, and were perceived to communicate more assertively than staff nurses. Negative correlations were found between four of the power orientations and two dimensions of social style.
Increasing the rate of identification of battered women in an emergency department: Use of a nursing protocol
Authors: Tilden Virginia Peterson , Shepherd Peg 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn recognition of the increasing problem of family violence, the authors developed and tested an interview protocol focused on female victims of family violence. The purpose of the protocol was to increase nurses' identification of battered women receiving care in the emergency department. Using a time‐series design, data were collected from patient records during four months prior to introduction of the protocol. These data were compared to comparable post‐protocol data. There was a significant increase in nursing staff identification of female domestic violence victims following introduction of the protocol.
A comparison of fetal outcome in birth chair and delivery table births
Authors: Cottrell Barbara H. , Shannahan Mary K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effect of the birth chair on fetal outcome in primigravid subjects with a normal pregnancy and labor. A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare 33 birth‐chair deliveries with 22 delivery‐table deliveries. No difference between groups was found in the mean pH and pO2 of arterial and venous cord blood samples. The mean arterial pCO2 was lower in the chair group (49.25 and 44.50, p = 0.023), but there was no difference in venous pCO2. In the chair group, the mean vein pO2 was higher when the angle of the chair was more than 45° upright (22.3 and 28.4, p = 0.007). Means for chair and table groups were similar for maternal hemoglobin, breathholding while pushing, duration of second stage, time of first cry, time of cord clamping, and Apgar scores. Incidence of cord around the neck was identical. The mean one‐minute Apgar scores were significantly higher when chair or table was more than 30° upright (8.0 and 8.59, p = 0.037). Results suggest that the birth chair is a safe alternative to the delivery table in terms of fetal outcome. The findings of lower arterial pCO2 with unchanged pO2 and pH in the chair group, support earlier findings of less transient cord compression in upright positions.
Perceptions and attitudes toward nursing impairment
Authors: Hendrix Melva Jo , Sabritt David , McDaniel Anna , Field Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPerceptions and attitudes toward nursing impairment held by 1,047 registered nurses were examined. Factor analysis of the 32 Likert‐type items in an original survey question‐naire revealed an underlying structure of nine dimensions characterizing attitudes toward impairment. Analyses of variance and covariance gave evidence that supervisors were more likely than staff nurses to perceive a need for disciplinary action in responding to cases of nursing impairment; staff nurses were more likely to view impairment as treatable. Significant differences were found among attitudes toward drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and emotional distress as forms of impairment.
The relationship of breast self‐examination to health belief model variables
Authors: Champion Victoria Lee 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between frequency of breast self‐examination and Health Belief Model variables was assessed in a convenience sample of 588 women. Susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, health motivation, control, and knowledge of breast cancer and breast self‐examination were measured by scales previously tested for validity and reliability. Individual items measured the frequency of breast self‐examination and the method by which breast self‐examination was taught. Multiple regression and discriminant analysis demonstrated that barriers, knowledge, and susceptibility were correlated with frequency of breast self‐examination (R = 0.53, p = ≤ 0.001). In addition, persons taught by a doctor or nurse evidenced greater frequency of breast self‐examination than those taught in other ways.
The effect of intensity controlled aerobic dance exercise on aerobic capacity of middle‐aged, overweight women
Authors: Gillett Patricia A. , Eisenman Patricia A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intensity controlled exercise on the aerobic capacity of overweight, middle‐aged women. Thirty‐eight moderately overweight women, ages 35–57, participated in a 16‐week dance‐exercise program. Random assignment was made to an experimental group (n = 20) in which intensity of exercise was controlled and prescribed, and a control group (n = 18) in which exercise was of an intensity typical to commercial aerobic classes. Prior to the onset of training, and at the completion of 16 weeks, the following fitness tests were administered: Aerobic capacity expressed as VO2 max, body composition analysis, blood chemistry, blood pressure, resting heart rate, muscular endurance, and flexibility. T‐tests, ANCOVA, and gain‐score analyses were utilized to evaluate data. Both groups showed small changes in weight, percent fat, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), muscular endurance, and flexibility, but these changes were statistically nonsignificant. The VO2 max for the experimental group increased 41%, while the VO2 max for the control group increased 22% (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the cardiovascular fitness changes for overweight, middle‐aged women are greater when exercise intensity and progression are tailored to their age and fitness level.
The convergence between in‐labor report and postpartum recall of parturition pain
Authors: Lowe Nancy K. , Roberts Joyce E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis non‐experimental study was designed to investigate the congruence between in‐labor report and postpartum recall of labor pain as measured by the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Fifty married parturients, ages 19 to 39 at term with a normal pregnancy, served as subjects. Analysis of variance showed that postpartum report of labor pain on the Present Pain Intensity scale of the MPQ was not consistently congruent with pain reported during labor. In contrast, the Pain Rating Index of the MPQ provided postpartum data that was congruent with the in‐labor report. Significant interaction effects, however, suggested that postpartally the women tended to devaluate the pain of early labor and inflate the pain of transitional labor when compared to their in‐labor report. Theoretical and practical implications of the results for the measurement of labor pain are discussed.
Effectiveness of teaching breast self examination during office visits
Authors: Nettles‐Carlson Barbara , Field Mary Lyn , Friedman Bonnie J. , Smith Linda S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a randomized clinical trial a comparison was made of two BSE teaching interventions delivered by primary providers during office visits in a group nursing faculty practice. Patients who reported no regular BSE (n = 121) received either individualized teaching focused on reducing perceived barriers and reinforcing benefits of BSE, or routine teaching limited to usual instruction in BSE technique. Patients reporting frequent/monthly BSE during the past year were comparison subjects (n = 81). Self‐reported data on BSE behavior were obtained in questionnaires administered before the interventions and via telephone interviews three months after the visit. Analysis using chi square showed that, contrary to expectation, individualized and routine teaching were equally effective: 61.4% of the individually taught and 63.5% of the routinely taught reported frequent or monthly practice at followup. Both groups were significantly more confident in technique and ability to detect change in the breast. The previously non‐practicing women remained significantly less likely than comparison subjects to be performing BSE monthly at followup. The perceived benefit of BSE giving peace of mind predicted non‐practicers most likely to change.
Interest of Major Corporations in Expanded Practice of Occupational Health Nurses
Authors: Lusk Sally L. , Disch Joanne M. , Barkauskas Violet H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the interest by executives of major corporations in having occupational health nurses engage in more advanced activities, and to ascertain the available support for advanced educational preparation for nurses. A questionnaire was sent to a systematic sample of 404 of the 808 executives of the Forbes 500 corporations with a 57% return rate. Over 90% of the corporations with health care departments employed registered nurses. Functions nurses currently performed varied by size of the corporation and by type of industry. Activities corporations would like nurses to perform were more advanced, such as conducting research, analyzing trends, and developing special health programs.
A model of organizational power: Analysis and significance to nursing
Authors: Maas Meridean L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this article a causal model of the process of interorganizational power is presented with results of one test using survey data from 39 non‐nursing organizations. The model argues that interaction strategies of organizations are outcomes of the relative basis and use of resources in interorganizational transactions. Multiple regression and multiple‐partial correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings partially support the model and indicate that it holds promise for development and refinement. Conclusions are that the model should be tested with nursing organizations and used to conceptualize additional aspects of the power process that nursing can foster.
Differences in the performances of baccalaureate, associate degree, and diploma nurses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Johnson Joyce H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe findings of 139 studies of nurses educated in one of three basic nursing education programs (associate degree, diploma, and baccalaureate degree) were synthesized using meta‐analysis. The results indicated significant differences between professional (BSN) and technical (AD and diploma) nurses on measures of nurse performance. Measures resulting in larger effects for professional nurses included communication skills, knowledge, problem‐solving, and professional role. No differences resulted from studies of nurses from the two technical programs, AD and diploma. Further analyses indicated that the effects could not be solely attributed to substantive and methodological features of the studies. However, the hospital setting where a study was conducted and years of nursing experience decreased the size of the effect. The results of the meta‐analysis have implications for policy development about educational preparation and for service expectations of professional and technical nurses.
Effects of relaxation with guided imagery on surgical stress and wound healing
Authors: Holden‐lund Carole 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of an audiotape series employing Relaxation with Guided Imagery (RGI) on the psychophysiologic stress response and wound healing in surgical patients. Twenty‐four patients undergoing cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either RGI or control (quiet period) conditions and measured against three indexes of recovery: state anxiety, urinary cortisol levels, and wound inflammatory responses. An analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed that the RGI group demonstrated significantly less state anxiety, lower cortisol levels one day following surgery, and less surgical wound erythema than the control group. Thus, the RGI tapes demonstrated stress‐relieving outcomes closely associated with healing.
Attitudinal variables related to intention, frequency and proficiency of breast self‐examination in women 35 and over
Authors: Champion Victoria L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA correlational study was conducted to identify attitudinal variables specified by the Health Belief Model that were related to intent, frequency, and proficiency of breast self‐examination. The probability sample consisted of 380 women age 35 and over who were contacted via random digit dialing. Data were collected during in‐home interviews. Results supported the combined ability of susceptibility, seriousness, barriers, health motivation, and control to predict intent to practice breast self‐examination (R = .61, p..001). In addition, frequency and total proficiency for breast self‐examination were predicted by health motivations, susceptibility, and barriers using discriminant analysis. Results lend support to use of the Health Belief Model variables in predicting women's intention and actual behavior of breast self‐examination.
Success in old and new licensure examinations: Pre‐admission factors and academic performance
Authors: Friedemann Marie‐Luise , Valentine Susan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRelationships of student and academic variables with nursing licensure examination scores were examined. During the years 1978–1984, 164 graduates of an integrated baccalaureate program took the old State Board examination and 159 took the new examination. Among the pre‐admission variables, gradepoint average and student age were most useful in predicting exam scores. Nursing lecture courses were better predictors of success than clinical courses. Students who received A‐grades in lecture courses scored relatively higher and B‐students scored lower on the new licensure examination compared to the old examinations. Compared with their classmates, students entering the program as LPNs did markedly better on the new licensure examination than they did on the old examinations.
Blood pressure norms for healthy young adults: Relation to sex, age, and reported parental hypertension
Authors: Hahn William K. , Brooks Jo A. , Hite Richard 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBlood pressure norms are presented for 1522 white, healthy, nonsmoking, normotensive 18 to 22‐year‐old men and women as a function of age and parental hypertension. Age effects were observed for diastolic blood pressure among males only. Parental hypertension was related to higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure among young women, and women with two hypertensive parents had higher systolic blood pressure than women with one hypertensive parent. The use of oral contraceptives is likely to have affected these results. Directions for future research are given.
Some ethical implications of qualitative research
Authors: Ramos Mary Carol 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTraditional values in nursing dictate a high level of concern for the welfare of research participants. Initial attempts at setting minimal ethical standards stemmed from the quantitative approaches. As qualitative modalities are more widely used, nurses must become acutely aware of possible problems in study design and planning, the dangers of coercion and deception, threats to confidentiality and trust, implications of the emergent design, and providing for a new concept of informed consent. The new character of the research relationship is examined in light of possible strategies for protection of research participants while preserving the integrity of qualitative investigation.
Artful design: Writing the proposal for research in the naturalist paradigm
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete , Davis Diane Holditch , Harris Betty Glenn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe preparation of the research proposal for a study that involves an emergent research design compels the investigator to negotiate the paradox of planning what should not be planned in advance. This paper is a guide to writing the proposal for research in the naturalist paradigm, and includes illustrative sections of a proposal recently funded by the National Center for Nursing Research.
Empathy and burnout in male and female helping professionals
Authors: Williams Carol A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRelationships between empathy and burnout and possible confounding influences of sex and profession were explored in a sample of 492 male and female nurses, social workers, and teachers. Respondents completed Mehrabian's Emotional Empathy Scale, Stotland's Fantasy‐Empathy Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). There were no main effects of profession on empathy or burnout variables. There was, however, an interaction effect of sex and profession on depersonalization, which was accounted for by subjects in social work and teaching. Women had significantly higher empathy scores than men; however, men had higher scores than male normative groups. Age related negatively to depersonalization and emotional exhaustion for women, whereas percentage of work time spent in direct practice correlated with depersonalization for men. The possibility that empathy and burnout might represent opposite poles of the same underlying construct was examined but not found. Instead, emotional empathy was significantly positively correlated with both emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, whereas emotional exhaustion was also positively related to depersonalization. It is hypothesized that high emotional empathy may predispose helping professionals to emotional exhaustion and that emotional exhaustion, if not mediated by personal accomplishment, may lead to the development of depersonalization. This more complex, interactive model of the empathy–burnout relationship needs longitudinal study.
Developing and testing the beliefs about caregiving scale
Authors: Phillips Linda R. , Rempusheski Veronica F. , Morrison Eileen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFour studies were conducted to refine and test a newly developed instrument designed to identify caregivers who are at high risk for providing poor‐quality care to a dependent elder in the home: the Beliefs About Caregiving Scale (BACS). The BACS was tested for internal consistency, stability, and construct validity. Results suggest strong evidence for internal consistency and for construct validity using the multitrait method as well as moderate evidence for construct validity using predictive modeling. Although further refinements are required, initial tests suggest that the BACS is potentially useful for both research and clinical applications.