bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The War that Took Place in Germany: Intellectuals and September 11
Authors: Neaman Elliot 
Published: November 2007

The epigraph seems to border on hyperbole: were the debates in thefall of 2001 really “exclusively” subsumed by domestic politics? ButBassam Tibi, one of the hundreds of experts who made the roundson the endless talk shows and conferences in Germany, may be on tosomething. In a recent book about how the public intellectuals, religiousleaders, and celebrities reacted to the terror attacks of September11th, Der Spiegel essayist Hendryk Broder made a similar point ashe aimed his bittersweet satirical wit at the navel-gazing, self-righteousness,and hypocrisy of Germany’s public intellectuals.2 Broder’sbook is a self-conscious example of that timeless German genre, theStreitschrift, an erudite polemic in the service of both noble edificationand less high-minded settling of scores with one’s intellectualopponents. Although exaggerated, one-sided, and terribly funny,Broder’s analysis of the German public discourse of the fall of 2001does contain some serious arguments that anyone interested in theEuropean perception of America cannot ignore. In this essay, I willsketch the contours of that reaction by focusing first on the kinds ofissues that preoccupied German intellectuals in the wake of theattacks of September 11th; second, I will contrast that reaction to how ordinary Germans and government officials perceived thoseevents; third, I will explore the role that anti-Americanism played inthe intellectual debates of fall 2001; and finally, I will reflect on thesignificance of September 11th for German society in general.
Introduction: German Cities Between Globalization and Unification
Authors: Helm Jutta A. 
Published: November 2007

For more than a century, Germany has had a well-balanced systemof cities showcasing considerable variety in their social and physicalmake-up. It has lacked spectacular global cities like New York,Tokyo, or London. Instead, western cities include industrial citieslike those in the Rhine-Ruhr Valley and cities shaped by universitiesand research (Göttingen or Freiburg), media and publishing (Hamburg),culture and high-technology sectors (Munich), banking andfinance (Frankfurt/Main), wholesale trade and insurance (Cologneand Düsseldorf), as well as government and administration (Berlin,Bonn, and most state capitals). Dramatic social or economic crisesthat generate debates about urban decline have not happened.Thanks in part to effective urban governments, no German city hascome close to the near-collapse of American rustbelt cities duringthe early 1980s, or the fiscal meltdown of New York City in the1970s. Crime has been consistently lower and less violent, and theAmerican racial divide has no equivalent in German cities. East Germancities, while more unevenly developed, have been no less stable.East Berlin was the dominant center, linked to the industrialcities in the North (Rostock) and South (Leipzig, Halle, Dresden) bya rather creaky infrastructure.
Between State and Market: Local Governments and Immigration
Authors: Thränhardt Dietrich 
Published: November 2007

In the mid- to late-nineteenth century, millions of Germans emigratedto the New World. Today, however, immigration to Germanyis an integral aspect of everyday life in the country. The consequencesof immigration are far-reaching, ranging from the wealth ofculinary options offered by Italian, Greek, or Chinese restaurants, tothe social costs of employing thousands of foreign workers in Germany’sconstruction sector. In the Ruhr River area, Germany’slargest industrial melting pot, Turkish names are now as common asPolish names—the latter representing an immigrant group that settledin the area some 100 years ago.
Architecture and the Memory of Nazism in Postwar Munich
Authors: Roseneld Gavriel D. 
Published: November 2007

Few issues have possessed the centrality or sparked as much controversyin the postwar history of the Federal Republic of Germany(FRG) as the struggle to come to terms with the nation’s Nazi past.This struggle, commonly known by the disputed term Vergangenheitsbewältigung,has cast a long shadow upon nearly all dimensions ofGerman political, social, economic, and cultural life and has preventedthe nation from attaining a normalized state of existence inthe postwar period. Recent scholarly analyses of German memoryhave helped to broaden our understanding of how “successful” theGermans have been in mastering their Nazi past and have shed lighton the impact of the Nazi legacy on postwar German politics andculture. Even so, important gaps remain in our understanding ofhow the memory of the Third Reich has shaped the postwar life ofthe Federal Republic.
Berlin's Search for a "Democratic" Architecture: Post-World War II and Post-unification
Authors: Howell-Ardila Deborah 
Published: November 2007

Berlin 1948 and the longest airlift in history simultaneously usheredin the Cold War, with a divided Berlin its best-known symbol, andtransformed West Berliners in the eyes of the Allied world fromNazis to victims of Soviet aggression. By 1950, with Germany officiallydivided, political elites of the East (GDR) and West (FRG)took up the task of convincing their citizens and each other of thelegitimacy of their own governments. In spite of the primacy ofCold War rhetoric in the media of the day, however, the mostpressing challenge of postwar society for both sides lay in redefining—in perception, if not in fact—political and social institutions inopposition to the Nazi past.
National Interests Revisited: The German Case
Authors: Davis Patricia A. 
Published: November 2007

There has been much debate recently on the role of cognition indetermining national interest and thus indirectly foreign policy. Theargument has been made by many poststructuralists that interestbasedarguments are static in that they do not allow for change inthe determination of national interest. These arguments allegedly failto take into account the powerful role of social norms and culture ininfluencing what “states make of anarchy.”
The Schneider/Schwerte Phenomenon: Falsifying One’s Biography and the Role of the Manipulative Character in Education after Auschwitz
Authors: Richards Earl Jeffrey 
Published: November 2007

In May 1995 German academe was rocked by the revelation that oneof its most respected members, Hans Schwerte, the recently deceasedformer rector of the University of Aachen and Goethe scholar, wasactually Hans Ernst Schneider, a high-ranking official in Himmler’sresearch organization, the SS-Ahnenerbe (“ancestral heritage”). Sincethis revelation there has been a veritable explosion of literature, noless than twelve monographs and essay collections, devoted to thequestions of whether Schneider as Schwerte is an exemplary or symbolicfigure for Germany’s transformation into a democratic society,whether his career as an “academic manager” in the Third Reich andhis university career in the Federal Republic attest to the well-knowncontinuity of elites, independent of political beliefs, and whetherSchneider owed his subsequent professional success to connectionswith somewhat unsavory (albeit fully legal and quite public) networksof former Nazis.
Berlin's Holocaust Memorial: A Report to the Bundestag Committee on Media and Culture
Authors: Young James E. 
Published: November 2007

The question as to why a national monument to the “Murdered Jewsof Europe” should be erected in Berlin is multi-dimensional, and hasanswers in political, cultural, and historical contexts. As most peoplealready know, I once took a hard stand against actually ever completinga central memorial in Germany to the Holocaust. “Better athousand years of Holocaust memorial competitions in Germanythan any final solution to Germany’s Holocaust memorial problem,”I wrote many years ago. “Instead of a fixed icon for Holocaust memoryin Germany, the debate itself—perpetually unresolved amid everchangingconditions—might now be enshrined.”
Goethe, Buchenwald, and the New Germany
Authors: Neumann Klaus 
Published: November 2007

In 1992, at a conference about the 1938 Reichskristallnacht pogrom,the mayor of Weimar told this anecdote:Three weeks ago, I was in Paris. I visited the international architectureexhibition and afterwards went to a small fish restaurant. Nearly allthe places had been taken, [so] tables were joined, and additionalchairs added. I came to sit next to a man more than seventy years ofage, and told him in broken French that I’m from Weimar. He said, “Iknow it; I was imprisoned in Buchenwald.”
CFU‐GM Assay for Evaluation of Drug Myelotoxic Activity
Authors: Pessina Augusto , Bonomi Arianna 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo study hematotoxicity of compounds on the myeloid cell compartment, the authors describe a standard procedure developed as a workable good laboratory practices–compliant protocol to determine the in vitro myelotoxic effect of drugs and chemicals. Specific protocols are presented to prepare human and murine myeloid progenitors (CFU‐GM) for testing in a validated CFU‐GM assay. Details are given for performing a screening test when toxicity data are not available and for passing on to an accurate inhibitory concentration–determination phase. To quantify the potential hematotoxicity of xenobiotics from their direct adverse effects on CFU‐GM, the unit describes how to manage the results by means of an algorithm able to predict the acute xenobiotic exposure levels that cause maximum tolerated decreases (MTD) in absolute neutrophil count (ANC). A protocol describes a miniaturized application of the procedure in 96‐well plates for high‐throughput screening of compounds or for testing compounds that are available in very small quantities. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 34:20.2.1‐20.2.18. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview on the Expression of Toxic Gene Products in Escherichia coli
Authors: Saïda Fakhri 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDespite the development of various nonbacterial expression systems, Escherichia coli (E. coli) remains the host of choice for recombinant protein expression. Its culture is simple, fast, inexpensive, and highly efficient (tens of milligrams of pure proteins are typically obtained within 48 hours using as little as 1 liter of culture). Unfortunately, many toxic genes (from various organisms) severely interfere with the physiology of E. coli. As a result, expression yields are dramatically diminished, and sometimes abolished. In fact, some genes are so toxic that E. coli cannot maintain their expression vector during the growth phase (the phase during which recombinant gene expression is presumably repressed). Therefore, modified expression vectors, modified E. coli strains, and appropriate cultivation protocols are needed. This overview discusses several special strategies successfully used to express toxic genes in E. coli. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 50:5.19.1‐5.19.13. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Efficiency and Color Stable Blue‐Light‐Emitting Polymers and Devices
Authors: Huang F. , Zhang Y. , Liu M. S. , Cheng Y.‐J. , Jen A. K.‐Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNovel fluorene‐based blue‐light‐emitting copolymers with an ultraviolet‐blue‐light (UV‐blue‐light) emitting host and a blue‐light emitting component, 4‐N,N‐diphenylaminostilbene (DPS) have been designed and synthesized by using the palladium‐ catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. It was found that both copolymers poly [2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐alt‐1,3‐(5‐carbazolphenylene)] (PFCz) DPS1 and PFCz‐DPS1‐OXD show pure blue‐light emission even with only 1 % DPS units because of the efficient energy transfer from the UV‐blue‐light emitting PFCz segments to the blue‐light‐emitting DPS units. Moreover, because of the efficient energy transfer/charge trapping in these copolymers, PFCz‐DPS1 and PFCz‐DPS1‐OXD show excellent device performance with a very stable pure blue‐light emission. By using a neutral surfactant poly[9,9‐bis(6'‐(diethanolamino)hexyl)‐fluorene] (PFN‐OH) as the electron injection layer, the device based on PFCz‐DPS1‐OXD5 with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/polymer/PFN‐OH/Al showed a maximum quantum efficiency of 2.83 % and a maximum luminous efficiency of 2.50 cd A–1. Its CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.156, 0.080) match very well with the NTSC standard blue pixel coordinates of (0.14, 0.08). These results indicate that this kind of dopant/host copolymer could be a promising candidate for blue‐light‐emitting polymers with high efficiency, good color purity, and excellent color stability.
Mosaic tetrasomy 12p with triplication of 12p detected by array‐based comparative genomic hybridization of peripheral blood DNA
Authors: Powis Zöe , Kang Sung‐Hae L. , Cooper M. Lance , Patel Ankita , Peiffer Daniel A. , Hawkins Anne , Heidenreich Randall , Gunderson Kevin L. , Cheung Sau W. , Erickson Robert P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA patient whose dysmorphism at birth was not diagnostic for Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) was found to have mosaic tetrasomy 12p by an array‐based comparative genomic hybridization of peripheral blood DNA. He was determined to be mosaic for 46,XY,trp(12)(p11.2 → p13) in cultured skin fibroblasts. His appearance was typical for PKS at 4 months of age. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between dysmorphic features and general cognitive function in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Ervalahti Nina , Korkman Marit , Fagerlund Åse , Autti‐Rämö Ilona , Loimu Leena , Hoyme H. Eugene 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrenatal alcohol exposure may adversely affect fetal development, causing growth restriction, distinctive craniofacial anomalies, and central nervous system dysfunction. The continuum of associated adverse fetal outcomes is most accurately termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The purpose of this study was to further clarify the relationship between dysmorphic features and general cognitive capacity in a study on Finnish children with FASD. Forty‐eight 8‐ to 16‐year‐old children with FASD underwent a dysmorphology examination and an assessment of cognitive capacity. Dysmorphic features and growth deficiency were quantified by assigning each child a total dysmorphology score (TDS). Six subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐III) were used for assessment of general cognitive capacity. Our results show a significant correlation between the TDS and cognitive capacity was found, suggesting that children with more severe growth deficiency and dysmorphic features have more cognitive limitations. Birth measures of length and weight correlated with general cognitive capacity. Head circumference correlated only with Performance IQ. These findings imply an inverse relationship between growth deficiency/dysmorphic features and cognitive function in children with FASD. Although the correlations are significant, the data suggest that in individual cases, the TDS cannot reliably predict cognitive function in later life. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raine syndrome: A rare lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia. Prenatal diagnosis, autopsy, and neuropathological findings
Authors: Chitayat David , Shannon Patrick , Keating Sarah , Toi Ants , Blaser Susan , Friedberg Tami , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Chong Karen , Unger Sheila 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRaine syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition with generalized osteosclerosis, characteristic facial dysmorphism and brain abnormalities including intracerebral calcifications. We report on a case with Raine syndrome born to nonconsanguineous couple and report the prenatal sonogram/MRI, the fetopathology, and neuropathology findings. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A patient with 22q11.2 deletion and Opitz syndrome‐like phenotype has the same deletion as velocardiofacial patients
Authors: Erickson Robert P. , de Ståhl Teresita Díaz , Bruder Carl E.G. , Dumanski Jan P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFive patients were previously described with the Opitz (GBBB) syndrome (OMIM 145410) phenotype and 22q11.2 deletion determined by FISH but the precise limits of their deletions have not been determined. Since one locus for Opitz syndrome maps to 22q11.2 and chromosomal arrangements are frequently complex and could inactivate such a locus, we performed high‐resolution array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on a new Opitz syndrome‐like phenotype patient with a 22q11.2 deletion. He shares the same deletion as patients with velocardiofacial and DiGeorge syndrome. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in genetics
Authors: Buehler Bruce A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly popular among families. Approximately 50% of children are on herbal preparations, 30% of adolescents take herbal medications, and 70% of adults are involved in some aspect of complementary medicine. The true incidence of CAM use by families who have a family member with special needs or a genetic condition is unknown. Anecdotal evidence suggests that usage may be higher in this group than in the general population. Geneticists and genetic counselors need to be aware of CAM practices with their families and to provide anticipatory guidance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obesity: Genetic, molecular, and environmental aspects
Authors: Barness Lewis A. , Opitz John M. , Gilbert‐Barness Enid 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObesity has emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st century. Obese children tend to become obese adults. The dramatic rise in pediatric obesity closely parallels the rapid increase in the prevalence of adult obesity. As overweight children become adults they face the multitude of health problems associated with obesity at younger ages. The morbidity and mortality associated with obesity continue to increase. Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable death. Complications of obesity include cardiovascular risks, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, acanthosis nigricans, hepatic steatosis, premature puberty, hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep disorder, orthopedic complications, cholelithiasis and pseudotumor cerebri. Genetic and molecular and environmental factors play an important role in the assessment and management of obesity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infrequently studied congenital anomalies as clues to the diagnosis of maternal diabetes mellitus
Authors: Frías Jaime L. , Frías Juan P. , Frías Patricio A. , Martínez‐Frías María Luisa 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify congenital anomalies (CA) among infants of women with diabetes mellitus (DM) that, even though infrequent or infrequently reported, may suggest diabetic teratogenesis. Using 1976–2005 data from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC), we compared the frequency of selected CA among 130 infants with CA born to women with pregestational DM (PGDM) and 30,009 infants with CA whose mothers had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). To identify which CA were not only significantly more frequent among infants of mothers with PGDM, but also more specific, we calculated the quotient of their frequencies (frequency ratio: FR). The same analysis was made using data from 927 infants of mothers with gestational DM (GDM). Among the studied defects, several were statistically significantly more frequent among infants of PGDM mothers than among infants of mothers with NGT, although the specificity of their association with DM varied, as indicated by the values of the FR. These included: anorectal atresia/stenosis (FR = 2.81; P = 0.03), hallucal polydactyly (FR = 3.62; P = 0.002), heterotaxy (FR = 5.70; P = 0.049), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (FR = 61.60; P = 0.000000), multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MDK) (FR = 5.13; P = 0.0002), and thymus aplasia/hypoplasia (FR = 29.62; P = 0.000001). The only CA significantly more frequent among infants of women with GDM were HCM (FR = 8.60; P = 0.002) and MDK (FR = 1.80; P = 0.01). Our results suggest that maternal PGDM should be suspected in children with hallucal polydactyly, anorectal atresia/stenosis, heterotaxy, or aplasia/hypoplasia of the thymus. The presence of transient HCM or MDK in a newborn suggests maternal PGDM or GDM. These observations are important in view of the increasing worldwide frequency of DM and the high proportion of individuals with DM in whom the condition remains undiagnosed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Status of the human malformation map: 2007
Authors: Carey John C. , Viskochil David H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParalleling the advances in the identification of disease‐causing genes in most human disease categories, the progress in mapping and gene identification of human congenital malformations and syndromes is considerable. In this review we display the loci currently known for malformations and tabulate the cloned genes as of summer 2007. Currently 73% of the conditions cataloged in the 6th edition of Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation [Jones KL, 2006] have had their respective gene or locus identified. This recent progress makes an updating of the human malformation map timely and informative. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The utility of carpals for sex assessment: A preliminary study
Authors: Sulzmann C.E. , Buckberry J.L. , Pastor R.F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSex assessment is key when investigating human remains either from medicolegal contexts or archaeological sites. Sex is usually assessed by examination of the skull and pelvis, but this may not always be possible if skeletal material is fragmented or incomplete. The present study investigated the potential for using carpals to assess sex, utilizing 100 individuals of known‐sex from the Christ Church, Spitalfields Collection, curated at the Natural History Museum (London). A series of newly‐defined measurements are applied to all eight carpals. Inter and intraobserver error tests show that all measurements are satisfactorily reproduced by the first author and another observer. Paired t‐tests to investigate side asymmetry of the carpals reveal that some, but not all, measurements are consistently larger on the right hand side than the left. Independent t‐tests confirm that all carpals are sexually dimorphic. Univariate measurements produce accuracy levels that range from 64.6 to 84.7%. Stepwise discriminant function analysis, devised separately for left and right sides, provides reliable methods for assessing sex from single and multiple carpals, with an accuracy range of 71.7 to 88.6%. All functions derived are tested for accuracy on a sample of 20 additional individuals from the Christ Church, Spitalfields Collection. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.