bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Penetration of Large-scale Flows into Stellar Radiative Zones
Authors: Korre Lydia , Featherstone Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The propagation of meridional circulation below the base of the convection zone (CZ) of low-mass stars may play a crucial role in the transport of angular momentum and also significantly contribute to the transport of chemical species and magnetic fields within their stable radiative zone (RZ). We systematically study these large-scale mean flows by performing three-dimensional global numerical simulations in a spherical shell that consists of a convective region overlying a stably stratified region. We find that the meridional flows can penetrate distances as large as ∼0.21r

o
(where r

o
is the outer radius) below the base of the CZ, provided that the Eddington–Sweet timescale t
ES is much shorter than the viscous timescale t

ν
, as measured by the parameter

σ
=

(

t

ES

/

t

ν

)

1

/

2

. In the solar-like regime, where σ ≲ 1 in the upper RZ, we find that the angular momentum transport in the deep RZ is determined primarily by the action of the Coriolis force on meridional flows. In contrast, in models run in the σ > 1 regime, the meridional flows become weaker and the viscous effects dominate. We find that the penetration lengthscale δ
MC of these mean flows when σ ≲ 1 is proportional to σ
−0.22. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the role of the meridional flows in the dynamics of the solar interior and inform future numerical studies that are focused on capturing solar-like dynamics self-consistently.
Atomic-scale Element and Isotopic Investigation of 25Mg-rich Stardust from an H-burning Supernova
Authors: Nevill N. D. , Bland P. A. , Saxey D. W. , Rickard W. D. A. , Guagliardo P. , Timms N. E. , Forman L. V. , Daly L. , Reddy S. M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We have discovered a presolar olivine from ALH 77307 with the highest 25Mg isotopic composition measured in a silicate to date (δ
25Mg = 3025.1‰ ± 38.3‰). Its isotopic compositions challenge current stellar models, with modeling of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen showing a closest match to formation in a supernova (SN) where hydrogen ingestion occurred in the pre-SN phase. Presolar grains within primitive astromaterials retain records of processes and environmental changes throughout stellar evolution. However, accessing these records has proved challenging due to the average grain size (∼150 nm) of presolar silicates, their sensitivity to extraction agents, and instrumental restrictions, limiting the range of isotopic and chemical signatures which can be studied per grain volume. Here, we present the first known detailed geochemical study of a presolar silicate from a hydrogen-burning SN, studied in 3D without contributions to the analysis volume and at unprecedented spatial resolutions (<1 nm), essential for constraining physical and chemical processes occurring within this recently proposed stellar environment. From our results, we infer either (i) condensation within an environment depleted of heavy elements compatible with the olivine lattice under the pressure and temperature conditions during condensation, or (ii) during periods of limited mixing either near the end of the pre-SN phase or from a collapse so rapid localized pockets of different gas compositions formed.
The Redshift Evolution of the M
•–M
⋆ Relation for JWST’s Supermassive Black Holes at z > 4
Authors: Pacucci Fabio , Loeb Abraham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
JWST has detected many overmassive galactic systems at z > 4, where the mass of the black hole, M
•, is 10–100 times larger than expected from local relations, given the host’s stellar mass, M
⋆. This paper presents a model to describe these overmassive systems in the high-z Universe. We suggest that the black hole mass is the main driver of high-z star formation quenching. Supermassive black holes globally impact their high-z galaxies because their hosts are physically small, and the black holes have duty cycles close to unity at z > 4. In this regime, we assume that black hole mass growth is regulated by the quasar’s output, while stellar mass growth is quenched by it and uncorrelated to the global properties of the host halo. We find that the ratio M
•/M
⋆ controls the average star formation efficiency: if M
•/M
⋆ > 8 × 1018(nΛ/ f
Edd)[(Ω
b

M

h
)/(Ω
m

M
⋆) − 1], then the galaxy is unable to form stars efficiently. Once this ratio exceeds the threshold, a runaway process brings the originally overmassive system toward the local M
•–M
⋆ relation. Furthermore, the M
•–M
⋆ relation evolves with redshift as ∝(1 + z)5/2. At z ∼ 5, we find an overmassive factor of ∼55, in excellent agreement with current JWST data and the high-z relation inferred from those. Extending the black hole horizon farther in redshift and lower in mass will test this model and improve our understanding of the early coevolution of black holes and galaxies.
Modeling and Calibration of Gaia, Hipparcos, and Tycho-2 Astrometric Data for the Detection of Dark Companions
Authors: Feng Fabo , Rui Yicheng , Xuan Yifan , Jones Hugh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hidden within the Gaia satellite’s multiple data releases lies a valuable cache of dark companions. To facilitate the efficient and reliable detection of these companions via combined analyses involving the Gaia, Hipparcos, and Tycho-2 catalogs, we introduce an astrometric modeling framework. This method incorporates analytical least-square minimization and nonlinear parameter optimization techniques to a set of common calibration sources across the different space-based astrometric catalogs. This enables us to discern the error inflation, astrometric jitter, differential parallax zero-points, and frame rotation of various catalogs relative to Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). Our findings yield the most precise Gaia DR2 calibration parameters to date, revealing notable dependencies on magnitude and color. Intriguingly, we identify submilliarcsecond frame rotation between Gaia DR1 and DR3, along with an estimated astrometric jitter of 2.16 mas for the revised Hipparcos catalog. In a thorough comparative analysis with previous studies, we offer recommendations on calibrating and utilizing different catalogs for companion detection. Furthermore, we provide a user-friendly pipeline (https://github.com/ruiyicheng/Download_HIP_Gaia_GOST) for catalog download and bias correction, enhancing accessibility and usability within the scientific community.
Modeling the Morphology of Fast Radio Bursts and Radio Pulsars with fitburst
Authors: Fonseca E. , Pleunis Z. , Breitman D. , Sand K. R. , Kharel B. , Boyle P. J. , Brar C. , Giri U. , Kaspi V. M. , Masui K. W. , Meyers B. W. , Patel C. , Scholz P. , Smith K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a framework for modeling astrophysical pulses from radio pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs). This framework, called fitburst, generates synthetic representations of dynamic spectra that are functions of several physical and heuristic parameters; the heuristic parameters can nonetheless accommodate a vast range of distributions in spectral energy. fitburst is designed to optimize the modeling of features induced by effects that are intrinsic and extrinsic to the emission mechanism, including the magnitude and frequency dependence of pulse dispersion and scatter broadening. fitburst removes intrachannel smearing through two-dimensional upsampling, and can account for phase-wrapping of “folded” signals that are typically acquired during pulsar-timing observations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of fitburst in modeling data containing pulsars and FRBs observed with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment telescope.
Experimental Branching Fractions, Transition Probabilities, and Oscillator Strengths in Sm ii
Authors: Wang Xinghao , Yu Qi , Tan Jiajin , Xie Hongqiang , Chen Zhiming , Li Xiong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Branching fractions (BFs) of Sm ii for 71 lines from 12 excited levels ranging from 31,638.79 to 35,463.91 cm−1 were determined for the first time based on the Fourier transform spectra available from the National Solar Observatory database. New transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for these lines were derived by combining the determined BFs with reliable lifetimes measured using a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. Furthermore, BFs for 38 lines from five levels included in earlier studies were also determined for comparisons. The new results reported in this work will be useful in many fields, especially for astrophysics.
« Une question assez malheureuse ». L’Italie, la France et le « drame » de la fourniture d’armes à la Tunisie en 1957
Authors: Bagnato Bruna 
Published: March 2024

Dans les derniers mois de 1957, la réponse à donner à la requête d’armes adressée à plusieurs pays de l’alliance atlantique de la part d’une Tunisie pro-occidentale fut à l’origine d’une crise que montrait la difficulté de concilier les priorités françaises (résoudre la question algérienne) et les objectifs plus généraux de la politique occidentale dans la Méditerranée (soustraire les pays de la région à l’influence de l’Union Soviétique et de l’Egypt de Nasser). L’Italie décida finalement de ne pas s’associer à la livraison d’armes anglo-américaines à Tunis pour sauvegarder ses rapports avec Paris et par crainte, en accueillant la requête de Bourguiba, de faciliter une « dépression politique » française dont « les conséquences pourraient être extrêmement graves pour tous les pays libres ».
L’histoire, la philosophie politique et l’École de Cambridge
Authors: Skinner Quentin , Brisson Justine , Miranda Arnaud 
Published: March 2024

Cet article, issu de la traduction du chapitre « Political Philosophy and the Uses of History » (paru dans Richard Bourke et Quentin Skinner (dir.), History in the Humanities and Social Sciences , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022) retrace d’abord l’émergence de l’approche « historiciste » pour étudier les textes de philosophie politique. À travers l’exemple de la philosophie de Thomas Hobbes, ce texte montre ce qui fait la spécificité de la méthode historiciste. L’article s’intéresse ensuite à deux objections fréquemment adressées à cette approche. La première lui reproche d’avoir déconnecté la philosophie politique et juridique de sa dimension normative, c’est-à-dire d’avoir cédé à une forme de « tyrannie de l’histoire ». La seconde affirme que les historicistes sont incapables de saisir ce qui, dans les phénomènes politiques, est transhistorique et universel. Après avoir étudié puis réfuté chacune de ces critiques, l’article se penche sur une objection plus récente : l’histoire de la philosophie politique serait encore une chapelle, qu’il faudrait déparoissialiser grâce à une approche plus globale. L’article se termine par une évaluation de ce qui se présente comme le « tournant global » de l’histoire de la philosophie politique.
Specialty Certifications and Their Place Within the Practice of Athletic Training
Authors: Hudson Michael B. , Frank Eva 
Published: March 2024

Context
Athletic training has evolved dramatically in the last decade. Professional education has changed to the graduate level. Advanced training has manifested itself in doctoral and residency programs. Clinical practice settings have also evolved along with the knowledge and skills required to care for the diverse patients in these settings. Athletic training specialties are accompanying these changes, and now athletic training has specialty certifications to formally validate a specialty and recognize the athletic trainer (AT) specialist.

Objective
This article conveys key information about credentialing, highlights historical events in the development of AT specialty certifications, and examines the concept of general practice. The purpose of conveying this information is to better understand and explore specialties and certifications in athletic training, which requires also conceptualizing athletic training as a general practice.

Background
One of the earliest documents mentioning specialty certifications within athletic training was published in 1997. In 2018, the Board of Certification formed the Specialty Council to validate athletic training specialties and oversee specialty certifications.

Synthesis
Earning a specialty certification is a rigorous process requiring the credentialed AT to gain, as well as maintain, postprofessional education and experience in a focused practice area. This education and training can come from an accredited residency program but also from on-the-job training and professional development.

Results
Practitioners of a validated athletic training specialty can become board-certified specialists with advanced clinical experience or after completing postprofessional education and training and passing the respective specialty certification examination.

Recommendations
We recommend conceptualizing athletic training as general practice so that we can differentiate the relationships of general, advanced, and specialty practices.

Conclusions
Athletic trainer specialty certifications are part of athletic training. Growing existing and creating new specialties and specialty certifications requires conceptualizing athletic training as general, advanced, and specialized practices.
A man with two penises: A rare case report
Authors: Sinharay Keshab , Bhattacharyya Kalisankar , Banerjee Swapan , Paul Uttam Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diphallia, commonly referred to as penile duplication, is a relatively rare congenital anomaly. It affects one out of every 5.5 million live infants. The degree of penile duplication and the number of associated anomalies varies greatly, ranging from a double glans from a penis without an accompanying aberration up to total penile duplication linked with multiple anomalies. In this case, a 65-year-old man is seen with a cleft scrotum and complete bifid diphallia.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Plain Computed Tomography to Detect the Morphological Variations of Liver: An Update
Authors: Muraleedharan Aparna , Ragavan Saranya , Nayakar Gopinath L , Bage Nutan Nalini , Devi Rema , Phansalkar Dilip Shankar 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
The prevalence of accessory fissures (AFs) in the liver ranges from 6% to 56%, as reported by cadaveric studies, which is much higher than the prevalence of 25% on computed tomography (CT) scans. Despite reporting many morphological variations in the liver by various cadaveric studies worldwide, the imaging studies are very few. Radiological imaging of patients undergoing liver surgery is a routine preoperative investigation. Despite there are several occasions where liver variations occur as a surprise during surgery which reflects on the diagnostic capacity of CT.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty cadaveric livers removed and stored in 10% Formalin were studied for all morphological abnormalities. The same livers were analyzed separately by anatomists by gross examination and radiologists by plain CT imaging. The radiologists were blinded from the gross examination findings. The data obtained by both methods were compared and the diagnostic accuracy of CT was estimated.

Results:
The common surface morphological variations detected were AFs, accessory lobes (ALs), pons hepatis (PH), and multilobed caudate and quadrate lobes (QLs). Out of the total 89 AFs identified by gross examination, only 73 could be detected by CT scan, thus the sensitivity of CT scan in detecting AFs is 82%. Similarly, the sensitivity of CT scan in detecting ALs, PH, and multilobed caudate, and QL was 64% (low), 81%, and 19% (very low), respectively. Thus, plain CT has variable sensitivity depending on the morphological variation.

Conclusions:
This study has highlighted some of the diagnostic inaccuracies that may arise during plain CT examination of the liver in a person posted for liver surgery or a person with abdominal trauma. Contrast-enhanced CT scans can circumvent many of these problems. Lack of awareness of these issues may affect the normal course of treatment and prognosis in such patients.
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in diabetic patients type 2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in Zabol City, 2017–2018
Authors: Dabirzadeh Mansour , Sargazi Mojtaba , Bagheri Somayeh 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is prone to opportunistic infections, including toxoplasmosis, due to an immunodeficiency system. This study aimed to evaluate the serum of people with T2DM to determine the titer of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in patients and compare it with the control group.

Materials and Methods:
720 blood samples have been carried out between October and the end of January 2017 in Sistan, and Baluchestan provinces in southeastern Iran, of these, 360 samples were related to healthy individuals (control), and 360 samples were related to T2DM individuals. The immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods have been used to detect toxoplasmosis. The data were analyzed using SPSS-19, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test to compare statistical parameters.

Results:
In this cross-sectional study, out of 360 samples of T2DM by ELISA method, 60% samples in diabetic patients and 48.1% in control group were IgG positive (P < 0.05). Nearly 2.5% samples in diabetic patients and 0.3% in control group were IgM positive (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Anti-toxoplasma antibodies including IgG and IgM were higher in diabetic patient in comparison to control group.
HAK ATAS KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HAKI)
Authors: Candra Andi , Zairi Absi Warmiyana 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Setiap karya-karya yang lahir dari buah pikir cemerlang berguna bagi manusia perlu di akui dan dilindungi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Untuk itu sistem Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektualdiperlukan sebagai bentuk penghargaan atas hasil karya. Disamping itu sistem Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual menunjang diadakannya sistem dokumentasi yang baik atas segala bentuk kreativitas manusia, sehingga kemungkinan dihasilkannya teknologi dan karya yang sama dapat dihindari atau dicegah. Adanya perundang-undangan yang mengatur terhadap Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual tersebut, masyarakat dapat berkarya dengan maksimal untuk keperluan hidupnya atau mengembangkannya lebih lanjut untuk memberikan nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi lagi.
Kata Kunci : Hak, Kekayaan, Intelektual.
Abstract
Every work that is born from brilliant ideas useful for humans needs to be recognized and protected by the Indonesian government. For this reason, the Intellectual Property Rightssystem is needed as a form of appreciation for the work. In addition, the Intellectual Property Rights system supports the establishment of a good documentation system for all forms of human creativity, so that the possibility of producing the same technology and works can be avoided or prevented. The existence of legislation that regulates the Intellectual Property Rights, the community can work optimally for the necessities of life or develop it further to provide even higher added value.
PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DAN PSIKOTROPIKA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2009 DARI PERSPEKTIF VICTIMOLOGI
Authors: Rusniati Rusniati , Siti Mardiyati  , Kurniati  
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Bahan Aditif Lainnya adalah berbagai macam obat yang semestinya dimanfaatkan sesuai dengan kepentingan tertentu misalnya pada dunia medis untuk membantu proses kerja dokter dalam melakukan operasi bedah. Akan tetapi saat ini obat-obat terlarang ini telah dikonsumsi, diedarkan, dan diperda-gangkan tanpa izin berwajib demi memper-oleh keuntungan dan nikmat sesaat saja. Apa yang menjadi faktor faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyalahgunaan narkotika dan psikotropika. Bagaimana pengaturan tindak pidana penyalahgunaan Narkotika dan Psikotropika dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 dari perspektif victimologi. Metode pelaksanaan penelitian dalam pelaksanaan ini penulis menggunaan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Perlindungan terhadap korban narkotika, jika dihubungkan dengan beberapa teori pemidanaan dalam perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika yang baru terdapat keseimbangan antara perlindungan terhadap pelaku kejahatan narkotika dengan korban.Diharapkan bagi setiap keluarga untuk menjaga keharmonisan, melakukan pengawasan, dan menanamkan pendidikan yang benar terutama dalam hal menyeim-bangkan antara emosi, inteligensi, dan spritual sejak dari dini terhadap anak sebagai benteng terhadap dirinya untuk dapat membentengi dari pengaruh narkotika dan psikotropika yang semakin mengancam keadaan lingkungan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Penyalahgunaan, Narkotika, Psikotropika

Abstract
Narcotics, Psychotropics and Other Additives are various kinds of drugs that should be used according to certain interests, for example in the medical world to assist doctors in carrying out surgical operations. However, currently these illegal drugs have been consumed, distributed, and traded without a permit from the authorities in order to gain profit and pleasure for a moment. What are the factors that lead to narcotics and psychotropic abuse. How is the regulation of the crime of narcotics and psychotropic abuse in Law Number 35 of 2009 from a victimology perspective. Methods of conducting research in this implementation the authors use normative legal research methods. Protection for victims of narcotics, when connected with several theories of punishment in the perspective of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, there is a balance between protection for perpetrators of narcotics crimes and victims. right, especially in terms of balancing emotions, intelligence, and spirituality from an early age for children as a fortress against themselves to be able to fortify themselves from the influence of narcotics and psychotropics which increasingly threaten the condition of the community environment
Formulasi Masker Gel Peel Off Ekstrak Daun Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) yang Stabil Secara Farmaseutik
Authors: Purnamasari M Vina , Hamsinah Hamsinah , Mu’awanah Anifatul 
Published: March 2024

Porang leaves (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) have strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 97.054 µg/mL which often used in the development of cosmetics. Purpose of the research was to obtain a pharmaceutically stable formulation of porang leaf extract gel peel-off mask (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). The research was laboratory experimental. Porang leaf extract peel-off masks were made in 4 formulas with variations in PVA concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%. The peel-off masks obtained were tested for stability including organoleptic testing, homogeneity, syneresis test, adhesion test, spreadability test, dry time test, viscosity and flow properties. The conclusion from the results obtained that porang leaf extract can be formulated in a gel peel-off mask formula. The gel peel-off mask formula of porang leaf extract (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) with pharmaceutical stability test is formula 3 with a concentration of 12.5% polyvinyl alcohol and formula 4 with a concentration of 15% polyvinyl alcohol. The gel peel-off mask formula is porang leaf extract that qualifies the pharmaceutical stability test.