bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laptev sea system discussed at Russian‐German Workshop
Authors: Thiede J. , Kassens H. , Timokhov L. 
Published: October 2006

The Laptev Sea covers the central part of the vast Arctic shelf seas off northern Eurasia. It receives large volumes of fresh water from the Lena River and other big rivers that drain the central part of Siberia; peak runoff occurs in the early summer. Being tucked away between two groups of islands—Severnaya Zemlya in the west and the New Siberian Islands in the east—and connected to the Kara Sea in the west and the East Siberian Sea in the east only through relatively narrow straits, the Laptev Sea is an important area for sea‐ice formation in the Arctic Ocean [Rigor and Colony, 1997; Kassens et al., 1999].Through sea ice formation, the Laptev Sea influences the ice cover of the central Arctic Ocean and its Transpolar Drift, which exports sea ice into the western Norwegian‐Greenland Sea. The Laptev Sea is also the central segment of the Northern Sea Route. For this reason, commercial interests wish to gain valuable knowledge about the extremes of its modern environment, past variability and predictability on time scales of months and years. Both in the Laptev Sea and on the adjacent land regions, large tracts of subterraneous and submarine permafrost have been observed as a consequence of the extreme paleoclimate of the latest geological past.
NOAA hydrographic survey efforts criticized for slow rate of progress
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Peering into the future 20 years, and using recent history and current events as guideposts, one could reasonably expect continued, major scientific advances and challenges in a rapidly changing world.Also by about the year 2020, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) finally is expected to complete its backlogged hydrological surveying of about 34,000 square nautical miles (snm) of critical waterways around major ports and other areas in Alaska and elsewhere that are important for shipping, tourism, or other uses.
Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth
Authors: Sharpton Virgil L. 
Published: October 2006

As the movies would have it, in the last couple of years, inhabitants of planet Earth have had some narrow escapes. The world pulled together temporarily to launch everything but the kitchen sink at a giant killer comet coming our way and, thankfully, Earth received only minor damage (well, I live in Alaska, so total destruction of the eastern seaboard could be considered minor). Then NASA launched a wildcat team into space to blast apart that Texas‐sized asteroid just in the nick of time.Of course, these are only the plots of a couple of the latest Hollywood disaster flicks, but they do reflect a real cultural curiosity about impact hazards. Inquiring minds want to know: Is there a real danger that an asteroid or comet might strike our planet and if so, where is the safest place to buy retirement property? To feed this hunger, a plethora of books has been published within the last 5 years on the subject of past and present impact hazards. It has become a thriving cottage industry
SETI wide receiver pulls in big bucks
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Two captains of technology have donated $12.5 million for the down payment on a planned telescope with a 10,000‐square meter collecting area that is designed to search for radio signals from potential otherworldy intelligence.The One Hectare Telescope—being designed jointly by astronomers and engineers at the Search for Extra‐Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute and the University of California at Berkeley—will be renamed the Allen Telescope Array following the July 24 announcement of an $11.5‐million gift from Paul Allen, cofounder of Microsoft, Inc. Along with a $1‐million gift from former Microsoft Chief Technology Officer Nathan Myhrvold, the funds will support the development of what is billed as the worlds most powerful instrument for seeking out potential signals from non‐Earth civilizations.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Hydrology Section presented six outstanding student paper awards at the 2000 AGU Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C., last June.Wade T. Crow presented a poster titled Impacts of Upscaling Soil Moisture During SGP 97. He received a B.A. in physics from Carleton College in 1995, and a M.S.E.in civil and environmental engineering from Princeton University in 1998. Wade is currently completing his Ph.D. at Princeton. His dissertation work, supervised by Eric F Wood, focuses on spatial scale issues surrounding both the retrieval of soil moisture imagery by microwave remote sensors and the eventual assimilation of this imagery into hydrologic models.
Shallow water science and ocean drilling face challenges
Authors: Quinn Terrence M. , Mountain Gregory S. 
Published: October 2006

The creation of a new ocean drilling program in 2003 presents a great opportunity to fill a large void in our understanding of shallow ocean dynamics. Shallow water science can revolutionize the way geoscientists think about how the Earth system operates.Drill cores from on land and the deep sea provide a wealth of information about how the Earth operates. Unfortunately, few long cores—those that are tens to hundreds of meters—have been gathered for scientific purposes in water depths of 0–100 m along the world's carbonate platforms and continental shelves. These regions encompass the range of Pleistocene sea level variations where samples yield critical links between terrestrial and marine environments. These links cannot be determined by any other means.
Studies review options to improve U.S. climate modeling capabilities
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Two new studies—one being issued later this year, and one recently provided to an office of the White House—respond to concerns that the United States is lagging behind other countries in some aspects of climate modeling.The first, a study by the National Research Council's (NRC) Panel on Improving the Effectiveness of U.S. Climate Modeling, is a follow‐up to a 1998 NRC report, “Capacity of U.S. Climate Modeling to Support Climate Change Assessment Activities.” A first draft of the report—requested by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)—already has been completed.
AGU Committee Update: Recent activities of NG Technical Committee
Authors: Rundle John B. 
Published: October 2006

Beginning this year, the AGU has adopted a series of new policies designed to highlight the interdisciplinary aspects of the Union. As part of these new policies, members will soon be able to affiliate with the AGU Technical Committees, including the Nonlinear Geophysics (NG) Committee. In addition, the Technical Committees are now able to sponsor or co‐sponsor technical sessions at both the Spring and Fall annual meetings, as well as make awards for best research and papers, and sponsor nominations for AGU Fellows and Union‐wide awards.A website for the NG committee, with descriptions of the committee's activities and other functions, can be found via a link from the main AGU website, which is maintained by Jon Pelletier (University of Arizona). An AGU/NG listserver is maintained by the AGU staff liaison to NG, Dan Moore (DMoore@agu.org). AGU members wishing to be apprised of NG committee activities by inclusion in the listserv should either sign up through the NG web site, or send email to Dan Moore. As described, the NG committee can nominate an AGU member for election to AGU Fellow status. Don Turcotte (Cornell University) chairs the NG subcommittee on Fellow nominations.
Stratigraphic Systems: Origin and Application
Authors: Galloway William E. 
Published: October 2006

In Stratigraphic Systems: Origin and Application, Glenn S.Visher attempts to synthesize and organize the knowledge and integrated interpretation system developed over 35 years in sedimentary analysis. The book sets forth an extremely aggressive agenda: to bring together a knowledge base that includes basin tectonics, stratigraphy, sedimentology paleogeomorphology seismic interpretation, and petroleum geoscience.The book contains more than 700 figures. An enclosed CD‐ROM provides many additional figures, 24 color plates, and an expert system program—DE‐EXPERT—developed by Visher and colleagues. Visher's approach is inclusive and emphasizes regional synthesis of multiple data sets. The analysis of stratigraphic systems is condensed into a suite of 15 siliciclastic and 6 biochemical depositional themes that reflect deposition over extended time, geographic area, and depositional settings. The themes are built around geomorphic patterns and basin tectonic contexts. In the end, however, the book is disappointing.
Scientists outline recent findings about pollution in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The Chesapeake Bay on the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast has changed somewhat since Captain John Smith explored the region in the early 1600s, and the Powhatan Native Americans referred to the waters as Chesepiooc, the Great Shellfish Bay.For one thing, about 15 million people now live near this estuary, the largest in the United States, which measures about 320 kilometers in length and 50 kilometers across at its widest point. In addition, while the estuary is not considered to be as dirty now as it was several decades ago, a number of problems including nonpoint source pollution still affect the waters and stress some populations of native species, such as blue crabs.
Satellites monitor Los Alamos fires
Authors: Kalluri Satya , White Benjamin 
Published: October 2006

A man‐made fire that was intended to be a “controlled burn” for clearing brush and wilderness at the Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, became an inferno that devastated significant portions of Los Alamos during the first week of May 2000. Now known as the Cerro Grande fire, it was not confined to Los Alamos alone. The fire spread to 15% of the Santa Clara Indian Reservation and a substantial area of the surrounding national parks and U.S. forests.The National Weather Service estimates that more than 100,000 fires occur in the natural environment each year within the United States alone, of which about 90% are manmade. Remote sensing images from satellites could be used to detect and monitor these active fires and biomass burning. Forest fires have a significant environmental and economic impact, and timely information about their location and magnitude is essential to contain them.
Postdoctoral conditions need improvement, report indicates
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

About 52,000 science and engineering postdoctoral students work in the public and private sectors throughout the United States, a doubling in number since 1980.While these postdocs to a large extent represent the future for science research, a new report by the U.S. National Academies says employment conditions often are less than adequate, and the postdoctoral experience needs broad improvements.
UNESCO embarks on major fresh water initiative
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

As the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) makes a new bid for U.S. re‐entry into the organization from which it withdrew in 1984, the agency also is about to embark on a major initiative concerning global fresh water resources.The World Freshwater Assessment Program is the organizations top priority in Earth sciences and the environment, according to UNESCO Director‐General Koichiro Matsuura. It is scheduled to be officially launched in Bangkok during an October 18–20 meeting of a U.N. administration‐wide subcommittee on water resources.
Reply [to “Comment on ‘Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion’”]
Authors: Leatherman S. P. , Zhang K. , Douglas B. C. 
Published: October 2006

We pointed out in our paper that the two‐dimensional Bruun model of beach erosion is controversial; the intensity of the controversy is amply illustrated by the responses printed in this Forum section of Eos. For example, at one end of the spectrum, Cyril Galvin derides beach erosion caused by sea‐level rise as an article of faith, if not fact, while Pilkey et al. state that it is intuitive that sea‐level rise is the primary factor causing shoreline retreat.Pilkey et al. assert that we erred in confining our attention to the active beach profile rather than to the much flatter coastal plain. They claim that …we should expect rates of shoreline recession 10,000 times the rate of sea‐level rise through simple innundation of the shoreline. We merely point out the obvious; such dramatic beach retreat has not occurred in the last 100 years, during which relative sea level has risen 20–40 cm along the U.S. east coast. In contrast to the Pilkey et al. assertions, we know of no U.S. barrier beaches that have retreated 2,000–4,000 m in the past century; we have the historical maps, and even crude comparisons show nothing approaching this magnitude of change! Many barrier beaches (for example, Nauset Spit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Ocean City, Maryland) are only a thousand meters wide or less and would have long eroded away or been sitting on the mainland shore if this were even close to being true.
Chapman Conference accents success of space weather program
Authors: Siscoe George , Song Paul 
Published: October 2006

Over 160 scientists and students from more than a dozen countries attended the Chapman Conference on Space Weather: Progress and Challenges in Research and Applications to hear 70 talks and peruse 150 posters documenting achievements made during the first 5 years of the National Space Weather Program (NSWP).Since the advent of the NSWR, space weather research has expanded from a semi‐private activity, pursued mostly to address operational concerns of industries and military branches affected by space weather, to a broad subject pursued in part for its capacity to integrate research across the divisions of the SPA community.
A call for foreign aid to focus more on science and technology
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

U.S. foreign aid should place more emphasis on science and technology that can help developing countries, according to Jeffrey Sachs, director of Harvard University s Institute of International Development.He said science and technology which he labeled the most fundamental drivers of longterm economic growth need to be mobilized on behalf of poor countries. Sachs, who spoke at a September 14 meeting of the Presidents Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) in Washington, D.C., added that this mobilization is particularly needed in tropical countries.
Report calls for improvements in appointing U.S. Government Science Advisors
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Bureaucratic obstacles, including ethics requirements that may be inappropriate, are preventing top scientists from serving as U.S. government advisors and needlessly slowing down the appointment process during both Democratic and Republican administrations, concludes a new report from the U.S. National Academies.Issued just weeks before the upcoming U.S. presidential election on November 7, the report calls for significant steps in improving the appointment process—including streamlining and speeding up the process—without undermining ethics standards. The report, “Science and Technology in the National Interest: The Presidential Appointment Process,” was prepared by the Academies' panel on Ensuring the Best Science and Technology Presidential Appointments.
2000 Fellows Citations
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU congratulates the thirty‐seven distinguished scientists who were selected by a committee of their peers to be AGU Fellows for 2000. This selection was based on the individuals' attainment of acknowledged eminence in a branch of geophysics.The number of Fellows selected annually is limited to no more than 0.1% of the AGU membership. The names of the new Fellows are listed below, along with citations recognizing their specific achievements.
U.S. State Department weathers Kyoto Protocol criticisms
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

On future occasions, Frank Loy, U.S. Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs, may want to cite his September 28 U.S. Senate testimony as one more sign of global warming.In the hot seat for nearly two hours, Loy was grilled by several Republican senators suspicious of the Clinton Administration's continued efforts to promote and negotiate the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change—despite the Senate's expressed overwhelming concern about what they have called the treaty's shortcomings.
Workshop on seafloor methane fluxes
Authors: Woodside John 
Published: October 2006

A broad, multidisciplinary selection of scientists from across Europe and Russia met at a workshop, “Seafloor Carbon Fluxes via Methane,” in Strasbourg, France, to discuss a potentially important contribution to the global carbon budget.The quasi‐steady state fluxes of seafloor methane are not currently considered to be significant contributors. However, this fact needs to be properly established by studying the sources and sinks of methane in seafloor sediments and the water column, and the related processes. Of perhaps greater significance is the potential for large episodic releases of methane; for example, from dissociation of gas hydrates, one of the seafloor methane sinks. Current global estimates of methane volume in marine gas hydrates vary by up to two orders of magnitude. Major new initiatives are under way around the world to study gas hydrates and seafloor methane fluxes and climatic fluctuations that may be related to massive conversion of methane from hydrate to gaseous form.
New Congressional Science Fellow on Capitol Hill
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Kirsten Banks Cutler, AGU's newest Congressional Science Fellow, joined nearly 40 other scientists and engineers who began year‐long science and engineering fellowships on September 6 in Washington, D.C. The fellowship program, which is organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), brings together scientists and engineers from a wide variety of fields to spend a year in the personal office of a Senator or Representative, or on the staff of a congressional committee.Earth and space scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, psychologists, veterinarians, civil engineers, agronomists, and scientists and engineers representing other disciplines are selected by their sponsoring societies as part of a long‐time effort to bridge the gap between scientists and policy‐makers. Cutler is AGU's 24th Congressional Science Fellow.
Endorsement of Global Ocean Mapping Project
Authors: Vogt Peter R. 
Published: October 2006

Now that the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Venus, the moons of the outer solar system, and the subaerial Earth have been mapped systematically at high spatial resolution, why not our own Earth's ocean floors?Some 370 million km2 of our planet, almost equal in area to two moons and two Mars‐sized planets, are water‐covered, and seafloor mapping efforts (for practical reasons, acoustic, sonar images, and topographic contours) have yielded only an irregular patchwork of disparate data, with large areas of remote seafloor remaining almost entirely unmapped.
Albarede to lead JGR‐Solid Earth
Authors: Grant Shermonta L. 
Published: October 2006

The Solid Earth section of the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) has expanded its horizon with the recent appointment of Francis Albarède as Editor. Albarède, professor at the Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon in France, began handling manuscripts for review on October 1,2000, and will assume full responsibility on January 1,2001.“Becoming a JGR editor: Editor is as formidable a challenge as it is a special honor. It is like being given the keys to the safe. JGR‐Red is clearly the flagship journal of both AGU and the deep Earth sciences,” Albarede said.
What on Earth is D”?
Authors: Garnero Ed , Wysession Michael 
Published: October 2006

Studied in earnest for 50 years time Is Earth's deep layer called Dee Double Prime. Exotic hypotheses new papers chime, But evasive big pictures halt reason or rhyme.Even before the first nuclear bomb, People like Gutenberg, Bullen, and Dahm And probably others: Dick, Harry, and Tom Proposed this new layer to address a qualm.
Melting the Earth: The History of Ideas on Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Baker Daniel S. 
Published: October 2006

The last words in the subtitle of this excellent book are somewhat misleading, as this is a history of concepts of magma generation rather than eruption. Haraldur Sigurdsson traces the evolution of ideas on the generation of heat within the Earth, from the ancient view that air in subterranean voids was compressed by ocean waves and tides, through combustion of fossil fuels, remnant heat from a primeval hot Earth, and exothermic reactions, to radioactive decay.In addition to sources of heat, its mechanism of transfer, the process of melting, the identity of the material being melted, and the depths at which magmas were generated were subjects of early inquiry by D'Arezzo, Michell, and Spallanzani, among others. Most 19th century geologists, however, followed Charles Lyell in his reluctance to speculate on causes. This left the field to William Hopkins, Gustav Bischof,and others whose names are not well known to 21st century penologists. The large cast of players in this book also includes the ever‐popular Desmarest, Hamilton, Holmes, Hutton, and Scrope, and an occasional scoundrel. The last chapter, on the source of magmas, makes no mention of contributions from trace element and isotope geochemistry and none concerning high‐pressure minerals that indicate localized deep burial of continental crust and ascent of material from the lower mantle.
High‐resolution, digital photogrammetric mapping: A tool for Earth science
Authors: Gwinner Klaus , Hauber Ernst , Jaumann Ralf , Neukum Gerhard 
Published: October 2006

When photogrammetric techniques are used to map surface topography both high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and ortho‐images can be produced simultaneously (Figure 1). In ortho‐images, displacements resulting from the interplay between the surface relief, imaging geometry, and the exterior orientation of the imaging system have been eliminated by differential rectification, making use of the relief information of the DEM. Ortho‐images thus provide the metric properties of a map and complement the continuous description of surface topography represented in the DEM.Airborne photogrammetry is a powerful tool for monitoring mountain areas characterized by topography‐related natural hazards such as landslides, avalanches, and lava flows on volcanoes. However, its use has been limited in the past due to the intensive data acquisition and processing needed to achieve high accuracy. This situation has been considerably improved by applying (1) a digital, high‐resolution sensor system for photogrammetric data acquisition in combination with (2) direct sensor orientation techniques, replacing the use of abundant ground control points (GCP) with direct measurements of the sensor's position and attitude. Knowledge of the sensor orientation for the time of exposure is a prerequisite for point determination, since stereophotogrammetry derives the position of visible surface points in a three‐dimensional reference system by using the metric properties of overlapping images acquired from different viewpoints.