bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of alteration products in tephra from Haleakala, Maui: A visible-infrared spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, EMPA and TEM study
Authors: Bishop Janice L. , Schiffman Peter , Murad Enver , Dyar M. Darby , Drief Ahmed , Lane Melissa D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAltered basaltic tephra from Haleakala, Maui, are characterized using multiple techniques in order to identify the minerals formed under a variety of conditions and to understand the soil formation processes here. We collected samples that are representative of typical bulk weathered material in the crater, as well as solfataric alteration in a hydrothermal environment. For this study X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are coupled with spectroscopic techniques including Mössbauer, visible-infrared reflectance, transmission infrared, and thermal infrared emission spectroscopies to analyze these samples. The unaltered tephra are composed of feldspar, glass, pyroxene and olivine. Observed alteration products include Fe oxides, phyllosilicates and sulfates, as well as SAED amorphous Al-Si-bearing material. These samples are potential analogs for altered volcanic material on Mars as the pedogenic influences and contact with plants and animals are minimal. Results from this study may help to determine spectral signatures of these samples that could be used for identification on Mars of the minerals observed here.
Increasing fertility in cohabiting unions: Evidence for the second demographic transition in the United States?
Authors: Raley R. Kelly 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
As cohabitation becomes increasingly common and accepted, one might expect the meaning of this arrangement to change. In some countries in Europe (e.g., Sweden), as cohabitation became more prevalent, it moved from a deviant status to an acceptable alternative to marriage. Will the same thing happen in the United States? To investigate this question, I examine increases in the proportion of births occurring in cohabiting unions, using data from the 1987–1988 National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) and the1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). The standardization and decomposition procedure shows that most of the growth in the proportion of births to cohabitors is the result of increases in the proportion of women cohabiting, rather than changes in union formation behaviors surrounding pregnancies.
Behavior genetic modeling of human fertility: Findings from a contemporary danish twin study
Authors: Rodgers Joseph Lee , Kohler Hans-Peter , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Christensen Kaare 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Behavior genetic designs and analyses can be used to address issues of central importance to demography. We use this methodology to document genetic influence on human fertility. Our data come from Danish twin pairs born from 1953 to 1959, measured on age at first attempt to get pregnant (FirstTry) and number of children (NumCh). Behavior genetic models were fitted using structural equation modeling and DF analysis. A consistent medium-level additive genetic influence was found for NumCh, equal across genders; a stronger genetic influence was identified for FirstTry, greater for females than for males. A bivariate analysis indicated significant shared genetic variance between NumCh and FirstTry.
How do family planning workers’ visits affect women’s contraceptive behavior in bangladesh?
Authors: Arends-Kuenning Mary 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
In Bangladesh, family planning workers’ visits reduce the costs of contraception and may increase the demand. If visits increase demand or if workers are targeting their visits, past visits by family planning workers should have a positive and significant effect on later probabilities of adopting contraceptive methods. Longitudinal data show that past visits are not significant in hazard models for adoption of contraceptive methods, whereas visits in the current round are significant. Therefore family planning workers’ visits affect women’s contraceptive behavior by decreasing the costs of contraception. Results of contraceptive discontinuation hazard models further support this hypothesis.
Education and survival: Birth cohort, period, and age effects
Authors: Lauderdale Diane S. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Previous studies have found that educational differences in mortality are weaker among the elderly. In this study I examine whether either cohort or period effects may have influenced the interpretation of age effects. Six 10-year birth cohorts are followed over 30 years through decennial censuses. Differential survival is inferred from changes in the relative proportions of a cohort in each education category as the cohort ages. In cross-section, younger persons generally show stronger education effects on survival, although this pattern is clearer for women than for men. There is evidence of period effects. Within cohorts, relative survival tends to increase with age.
Life expectancies in specific health states: Results from a joint model of health status and mortality of older persons
Authors: Portrait France , Lindeboom Maarten , Deeg Dorly 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
With the trend toward aging, increases in health care expenditures are expected. Insight into (future) needs for care services requires a taxonomy of older persons’ health conditions: how health status develops as people age and how these health conditions determine residual life expectancy. In this paper we provide this information for the Netherlands. We apply a flexible nonparametric method—he Grade of Membership method—to a national database and summarize the multidimensional concept of health status into a limited set of interpretable indices. We then use these indices in our panel data model for health status and mortality. The model results are used to calculate age-health profiles and expected residual lifetimes in specific health states.
Changing chronic disease rates and longterm declines in functional limitation among older men
Authors: Costa Dora L. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Functional limitation (difficulty walking, difficulty bending, paralysis, blindness in at least one eye, or deafness in at least one ear) in the United States fell at an average annual rate of 0.6% among men aged 50 to 74 from the early twentieth century to the early 1990s. Twenty-four percent of this decline is attributable to reductions in the debilitating effects of chronic conditions, 37% is attributable to reduced rates of chronic diseases, and the remainder is unexplained. The findings have implications for theories of the impact of declining mortality rates on the health of elderly people.
Social networks and changes in contraceptive use over time: Evidence from a longitudinal study in rural Kenya
Authors: Behrman Jere R. , Kohler Hans-Peter , Watkins Susan Cotts 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The impacts of social networks on changes in contraception in rural Kenya are investigated using special data from a longitudinal household survey. An analytic model, informed by detailed knowledge of the setting, yielded estimates that indicate that (1) social networks have substantial effects even after unobserved factors (e.g., homophily) that may determine social networks are controlled; (2) controlling for these unobserved factors may substantially alter the estimated effects of networks (these controls were not used in previous studies); (3) network effects are important for both men and women; and (4) network effects are nonlinear and asymmetric, suggesting that networks provide information primarily through social learning, rather than by exerting social influence.
Declining sex differences in mortality from lung cancer in high-income nations
Authors: Pampel Fred C. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
After decades of widening, the difference in mortality from lung cancer between men and women has begun to narrow in recent years. Recognizing that the increase in smoking among women relative to men is the proximate cause of the changing sex difference in rates of lung cancer, I analyzed two approaches to identify the more distant sources of the changes. A gender-equality argument suggests that the difference is related to the more general equalization of women’s and men’s work and family roles, which also encourages the adoption of harmful behaviors such as smoking by women. An alternative explanation suggests that the convergence in mortality from lung cancer among men and women is the byproduct of a lag in the adoption, diffusion, and abatement of smoking by women. Using mortality data on 21 nations from 1955 to 1996, an analysis of logged rates of men’s and women’s lung cancer mortality and the logged ratio of the rates demonstrated little relationship between the sex difference and gender equality. However, I found a strong and consistent relationship between the sex difference and the stage of diffusion of the use of cigarettes.
Do amnesty programs reduce undocumented immigration? Evidence from Irca
Authors: Orrenius Pia M. , Zavodny Madeline 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article examines whether mass legalization programs reduce future undocumented immigration. We focus on the effects of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, which granted amnesty to nearly 2.7 million undocumented immigrants. We report that apprehensions of persons attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border illegally declined immediately following passage of the law but returned to normal levels during the period when undocumented immigrants could file for amnesty and the years thereafter. Our findings suggest that the amnesty program did not change long-term patterns of undocumented immigration from Mexico.
An evaluation of population projections by age
Authors: Smith Stanley K. , Tayman Jeff 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A number of studies have evaluated the accuracy of projections of the size of the total population, but few have considered the accuracy of projections by age group. For many purposes, however, the relevant variable is the population of a particular age group, rather than the population as a whole. We investigated the precision and bias of a variety of age-group projections at the national and state levels in the United States and for counties in Florida. We also compared the accuracy of state and county projections that were derived from full-blown applications of the cohort-component method with the accuracy of projections that were derived from a simpler, less data-intensive version of the method. We found that age-group error patterns are different for national projections than for subnational projections; that errors are substantially larger for some age groups than for others; that differences in errors among age groups decline as the projection horizon becomes longer; and that differences in methodological complexity have no consistent impact on the precision and bias of age-group projections.
Analogical Reasoning in Victorian Historical Epistemology
Authors: Carignan Michael 
Published: February 2007

The usefulness of “analogy” as an epistemological tool was at the center of a Victorian debate over the nature of historical knowledge. While researching one of her novels, George Eliot combined her obsession with historical veracity with a belief in the efficacy of analogical reasoning in the generation of historical knowledge to create a method of imaginative representation that was meant to advance our understanding of the past. Her work, along with that of her companion, G.H. Lewes, constituted a rejection of the ascendant view that history needed to become an austere, inductive science, advanced by J.S. Mill, H.T. Buckle, and William Stubbs.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an adult female with a heterozygous hypomorphic mutation of SOX2
Authors: Sato Naoko , Kamachi Yusuke , Kondoh Hisato , Shima Yuichi , Morohashi Ken-ichirou , Horikawa Reiko , Ogata Tsutomu 
Published: February 2007

Objective: Heterozygous SOX2 mutations have recently been reported to cause isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), in addition to ocular and brain abnormalities. Here, we report a further case with a heterozygous hypomorphic SOX2 mutation and isolated HH.
Patient: The patient was a 28-year-old Japanese female with congenital right anophthalmia and poor pubertal development, who was found to have HH by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone test (peak serum LH, 2.3 mIU/ml; peak serum FSH, 2.9 mIU/ml). Other pituitary hormones were normal.
Methods: We performed mutation analysis of SOX2 and functional studies of mutant SOX2 protein using the core enhancer sequence of the chicken δ-1-crystallin gene (DC5) and that of the mouse nestin gene (Nes30).
Results: A heterozygous missense mutation (224T > A, Leu75Gln) was identified in the DNA-binding domain. The mutant SOX2 protein had a severely reduced (approximately 10%) DNA-binding affinity and a markedly diminished (20–30%) transactivation potential with no dominant negative effect.
Conclusions: The results provide further support for the positive role of SOX2 in the regulation of gonadotropin production.
Growth hormone secretion and immunological function of a male patient with a homozygous STAT5b mutation
Authors: Walenkamp Marie J E , Vidarsdottir Solrun , Pereira Alberto M , Karperien Marcel , van Doorn Jaap , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A , Breuning Martijn H , Roelfsema Ferdinand , Kruithof M Femke , van Dissel Jaap , Janssen Riny , Wit Jan M , Romijn Johannes A 
Published: February 2007

Objective: STAT5b is a component of the GH signaling pathway. Recently, we described a 31-year-old male patient (height, −5.9 SDS) with a novel homozygous inactivating mutation in the STAT5b gene. The purpose of this study is to describe the phenotype in detail, including GH secretion and immunological function. In addition, we report four family members of this patient, all heterozygous carriers of the mutation.
Design and methods: Twenty-four hour GH and prolactin secretion characteristics were assessed by blood sampling at 10-min intervals. An IGF-I generation test was performed. Monocyte function was tested by stimulation of whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, T cell function was determined by measuring proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after stimulation by various polyclonal activators and Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Clinical and biochemical characteristics were determined in the carriers of the mutation.
Results: GH secretory parameters were comparable with that of healthy male controls (mean fat percentage 25), but likely increased in relation to the patient’s 40% body fat. The regularity of GH secretion was diminished. Prolactin secretion was increased by sixfold. The IGF-I generation test showed a small increase in IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 on lower GH doses and an increase in IGF-I to −2.4 SDS on the highest dose of GH. In vitro, IL-12p40, IL 10, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production rates by PBMC increased to values within the normal range upon stimulation of LPS. Heterozygous carriers of the mutation did not show abnormalities, although the height of the males was below the normal range.
Conclusions: This report shows that GH and prolactin secretion were increased in this patient homozygous for a new STAT5b mutation. Although STAT5b plays a role in signaling within immune cells, clinical immunodeficiency is not an obligatory phenomenon of STAT5b deficiency per se. Heterozygous carriers of a STAT5b mutation show no signs of GH insensitivity.
Modeling Additive × Environment and Additive × Additive × Environment Using Genetic Covariances of Relatives of Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Burgueño Juan , Crossa José , Cornelius Paul L. , Trethowan Richard , McLaren Graham , Krishnamachari Anitha 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTIn self‐pollinated species, the variance–covariance matrix of breeding values of the genetic strains evaluated in multienvironment trials (MET) can be partitioned into additive effects, additive × additive effects, and their interaction with environments. The additive relationship matrix A can be used to derive the additive × additive genetic variance–covariance relationships among strains, Ã. This study shows how to separate total genetic effects into additive and additive × additive and how to model the additive × environment interaction and additive × additive × environment interaction by incorporating variance–covariance structures constructed as the Kronecker product of a factor‐analytic model across sites and the additive (A) and additive × additive relationships (Ã), between strains. Two CIMMYT international trials were used for illustration. Results show that partitioning the total genotypic effects into additive and additive × additive and their interactions with environments is useful for identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines with high additive effects (to be used in crossing programs) as well as high overall production. Some lines and environments had high positive additive × environment interaction patterns, whereas other lines and environments showed a different additive × additive × environment interaction pattern.
Meta‐analysis of randomized trials comparing anti‐embolic devices with standard PCI for improving myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kunadian Babu , Dunning Joel , Vijayalakshmi Kunadian , Thornley Andrew R. , de Belder, Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:Failure to achieve adequate myocardial reperfusion often occurs during PCI in patients with STEMI. This is in part due to atheromatous and thrombotic distal embolization. Several anti‐embolic devices have been developed to protect against distal embolization during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to improve myocardial reperfusion and enhance event free survival. Evidence from current studies has not shown a consistent benefit, but anti‐embolic devices continue to be used.Methods:We conducted a systemic overview (meta‐analysis) of randomized trials of thrombectomy or distal protection devices versus standard PCI to evaluate the effects of reducing distal embolization during PCI for native vessel acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We identified randomized trials by searching PubMed, OVID, the Cochrane databases, references of articles, and abstracts of conference proceedings (all from September 2000 to October 2005). Each trial tested the hypothesis that anti‐embolic therapy would result in better clinical or angiographic results than standard PCI alone.Results:Fourteen trials (n = 2630) were identified comparing a distal protection device or a thrombectomy device (n = 1320) versus standard PCI (n = 1310). When the studies were combined, primary endpoints of death or reinfarction were not improved by the use of anti‐embolic devices (4% [52/1309] vs. 4.5% [59/1303], odds ratio [OR] 0.82 [95% CI 0.55 to 1.24, P= 0.35]). In subgroup analysis, analyzing the class of device separately, use of thrombectomy devices (4.4% [33/758 vs. 4.2% [32/763], OR 0.98 CI 0.53 to 1.83, P = 0.95]), and the use of distal protection device 3.5% [19/551] vs. 5% [27/540], OR 0.68 CI 0.37 to 1.23, P = 0.20]) during PCI for native vessel AMI did not improve the clinical outcome of death or reinfarction. The secondary endpoints of death, reinfarction, and major adverse cardiac events did not improve with the use of anti‐embolic devices.Conclusion:The combined experience from randomized trials suggests that the use of anti‐embolic devices does not decrease early mortality or reinfarction during PCI for native vessel AMI. Whether their use improves longer term outcomes is unknown. Further research is needed to clarify the indication and optimal devices for anti‐embolic protection. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structures of the ScAgSe2 and Sc1.02Cu0.54Sn1.1S4 Compounds.
Authors: Shemet V. Ya. , Gulay L. D. , Olekseyuk I. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Epitaxial Stabilization of a New Multiferroic Hexagonal Phase of TbMnO3 Thin Films.
Authors: Noh Tae Won , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3‐Methylcyclopropene‐3‐carbonitrile as a New Enophile of the Alder‐ene Reaction.
Authors: Ashirov Roman V. , Appolonova Svetlana A. , Shamov Grigory A. , Plemenkov Vitaly V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NaBrO3/NaHSO4×H2O as a Versatile Reagent System for the Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols and Aldehydes.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Torabi Shayesteh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Aminophenyldiphenylphosphinite (APDPP), a New Heterogeneous and Acid Scavenger Phosphinite — Conversion of Alcohols, Trimethylsilyl, and Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers to Alkyl Halides with Halogens or N‐Halosuccinimides.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Gholinejad Mohammad 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Molecular Solomon Link.
Authors: Pentecost Cari D. , Chichak Kelly S. , Peters Andrea J. , Cave Gareth W. V. , Cantrill Stuart J. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Recognition and Denaturation by Self‐Assembling Fragments on a DNA Quadruplex Scaffold.
Authors: Tagore Debarati M. , Sprinz K. Ingrid , Fletcher Steven , Jayawickramarajah Janarthanan , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Trimethylenemethane Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Stambuli James P. , Silverman Steven M. , Schwoerer Ulrike 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines.
Authors: Wang Jia‐Rui , Fu Yao , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Cui Xin , Liu Lei , Guo Qing‐Xiang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls via Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides with Sodium Tetraphenylborate Catalyzed by MCM‐41‐Supported Thioether Palladium(0) Complex.
Authors: Li Jianying , Huang Yixian , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.