bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Supramolecular Nanofibers Regulated Tumor‐Derived Exosomes Secretion for Constructing an Anti‐Tumor Extracellular Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Beibei , Dou Xiaoqiu , Zhao Yu , Wang Xueqian , Zhao Changli , Xia Jingyi , Xing Chao , He Sijia , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) induced extracellular microenvironment has recently been validated to be critical for tumor progression and metastasis, however, remodeling it for oncotherapy still remains a major challenge due to difficulty in regulation of TDEs secretion. Herein, the supramolecular chiral nanofibers, composed of L/D‐phenylalanine derivates (L/D‐Phe) and linear hyaluronic acid (HA), are successfully employed to construct TDEs induced anti‐tumor extracellular microenvironment. The left‐handed L‐Phe @HA nanofibers significantly inhibit TDEs secretion into extracellular microenvironment, which results in suppression of tumor proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Biological assays and theoretical modeling reveal that these results are mainly attributed to strong adsorption of the key exosomes transporters (Ras‐related protein Rab‐27A and synaptosome‐associated protein 23) on left‐handed L‐Phe @HA nanofibers via enhanced stereoselective interaction, leading to degradation and phosphorylated dropping of exosomes transporters. Subsequently, transfer function of exosomes transporters is limited, which causes remarkable inhibition of TDEs secretion. These findings provide a promising novel insight of chiral functional materials to establish an anti‐tumor extracellular microenvironment via regulation of TDEs secretion.
Organic Electrolyte Additive: Dual Functions Toward Fast Sulfur Conversion and Stable Li Deposition for Advanced Li–S Batteries
Authors: Liu Yahui , Xiao Kuikui , Yang Shuo , Sun Jiangdong , Li Shirui , Liu Xi , Cai Dong , Zhang Yinhang , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium−sulfur (Li–S) battery is of great potential for the next generation energy storage device due to the high specific capacity energy density. However, the sluggish kinetics of S redox and the dendrite Li growth are the main challenges to hinder its commercial application. Herein, an organic electrolyte additive, i.e., benzyl chloride (BzCl), is applied as the remedy to address the two issues. In detail, BzCl can split into Bz· radical to react with the polysulfides, forming a Bz–S–Bz intermediate, which changes the conversion path of S and improves the kinetics by accelerating the S splitting. Meanwhile, a tight and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in inorganic ingredients namely LiCl, LiF, and Li2O, is formed on the surface of Li metal, accelerating the ion conductivity and blocking the decomposition of the solvent and lithium polysulfides. Therefore, the Li–S battery with BzCl as the additive remains high capacity of 693.2 mAh g−1 after 220 cycles at 0.5 C with a low decay rate of 0.11%. This work provides a novel strategy to boost the electrochemical performances in both cathode and anode and gives a guide on the electrolyte design toward high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Construction of Heterojunction‐Rich Metal Nitrides Porous Nanosheets Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water/Seawater Splitting at Large Current Density
Authors: Shen Xueran , Li Huanjun , Ma Tiantian , Jiao Qingze , Zhao Yun , Li Hansheng , Feng Caihong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe exploiting electrocatalysts for water/seawater electrolysis with remarkable activity and outstanding durability at industrial grade current density remains a huge challenge. Herein, CoMoNx and Fe‐doped CoMoNx nanosheet arrays are in‐situ grown on Ni foam, which possess plentiful holes, multilevel heterostructure, and lavish Co5.47N/MoN@NF and Fe‐Co5.47N/MoN@NF interfaces. They require low overpotentials of 213 and 296 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline media to achieve current density of 800 mA cm−2, respectively, and both possess low Tafel slopes (51.1 and 49.1 mV dec−1) and undiminished stability over 80 h. Moreover, the coupled Co5.47N/MoN@NF and Fe‐Co5.47N/MoN@NF electrolyzer requires low voltages of 1.735 V to yield 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline water. Notably, they also exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic properties in alkaline seawater (1.833 V@500 mA cm−2). The experimental studies and theoretical calculations verify that Fe doping does reduce the energy barrier from OH* to O* intermediates during OER process after catalyst reconstruction, and the non‐metallic N site from MoN exhibits the lowest theoretical overpotential. The splendid catalytic performance is attributed to the optimized local electron configuration and porous structure. This discovery provides a new design method toward low‐cost and excellent catalysts for water/seawater splitting to produce hydrogen.
Simulation of near‐saturated flow in soil macropores with the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Hyväluoma Jari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirect information about the soil structure can be obtained with X‐ray computed microtomography, and the imaged macropore networks can be used as geometries in the lattice Boltzmann flow simulations. This method has not been widely applied for near‐saturated flows due to methodological issues related to diffuse‐interface two‐phase flow simulations in samples with limited resolution. Here, a simple pore‐scale lattice Boltzmann approach to simulate steady‐state water flow in partially saturated soil macropore networks that circumvents these problems is presented. The actual simulation is preceded by the determination of water–air distribution, for example, by using morphological operations. Flow through the water‐filled part of the pore space is done by using no‐slip conditions at water–solid boundaries and slip conditions at water–air interfaces. The method was tested by simulating film flow over a solid surface, and the numerical results are shown to agree with the analytical expression available for this flow geometry. The method is further tested, and its use is demonstrated with real tomographic reconstructions of clay soil samples.
Perspectives of Children and Young People on Their Education as Preparation for Their Future in the Digital Age: In-depth Qualitative Study in Five European Countries
Authors: Eickelmann Birgit , Barbovschi Monica , Holmarsdottir Halla , Parsanoglou Dimitris , Sisask Merike , Labusch Amelie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the world is moving into the digital age, it is vital to understand how well education is preparing children and young people for their future lives in the digital age. This chapter, therefore, explores children’s and young people’s attitudes and perspectives on the use of digital technologies in education and on how education is preparing them for their future in the digital age. Data collected through the DigiGen project in five European countries will be the subject of an in-depth qualitative study. This will focus on children’s and young people’s access to and the availability of digital technologies at school and outside the school for school purposes; their information gathering and evaluation, content creation and use of digital technologies for interaction and communication; their attitudes towards the use of digital technologies, including the most liked and disliked aspects, benefits, challenges, and risks; and their perspectives on their teachers’ willingness to teach with and about digital technologies. The second focus is on the different age groups between 9 and 16 in the five European countries. By addressing these key issues, the research aims to provide valuable insights into children’s and young people’s perspectives on their education as preparation for their future in the digital age.
Children’s Digital Boundary Crossings When Moving in Between Porous Ecosystems
Authors: Holmarsdottir Halla , Lafton Tove , Andreasen Kristina Johnsdatter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we take a closer look at how the affordances of digital technology in children’s and young people’s everyday lives enable them to participate and take agency in a world that reaches outside the limitations of their physical one. Building on Bronfenbrenner’s nested ecological systems theory, and Neal and Neal’s networked ecological systems, we explore how children’s digital interactions contribute to constructing new mesosystems, beyond the ones predefined by their physical/everyday/tangible microsystems. Children and young people exploiting the porosity of such systems may lead to the creation of new learning spaces that teachers and parents are unaware of. In these spaces, knowledge that is or is not recognised in traditional learning spaces can be created and shared among children and young people themselves as well as moral strategies and conducts of behaviour. We argue that this calls for greater involvement from adults in children’s digital lives.
Bright Coherent XUV Generation in Microfluidic Glass Devices for Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Ciriolo A. G. , Vàzquez R. Martìnez , Crippa G. , Devetta M. , Faccialà D. , Barbato P. , Bariselli F. , Cinquanta E. , Frassetto F. , Frezzotti A. , Poletto L. , Tosa V. , Osellame R. , Stagira S. , Vozzi C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUltrafast X-ray spectroscopy allows studying light-matter interaction with an unprecedented temporal resolution, with the further advantage of being element-selective and oxidation- and spin-state specific. Here we will discuss the recent developments we implemented toward attosecond X-ray spectroscopy based on tabletop sources, namely a bright XUV source based on high-order harmonic generation in micro-channels and a new beamline for XUV transient absorption spectroscopy experiments up to a few hundred eV.
Retrieving a Complex Molecular Structure from Laser-Induced Electron Diffraction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Xinyao , Amini Kasra , Sanchez Aurelien , Belsa Blanca , Steinle Tobias , Chirvi Katharina , Biegert Jens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe image the structure of the complex chiral molecule Fenchone (C10H16O) from laser-induced electron diffraction data by applying a machine learning algorithm with a convolutional neural network (CNN).
Computational Modeling of Ephaptic coupling in Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axon Bundles Using the EMI Framework
Authors: Gatti Alessandro , Nartallo-Kaluarachchi Ramón , Uppal Abhinav , Benedusi Pietro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis report examines the Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular (EMI) framework for modeling action potentials along 3D axons. We investigate the effect of myelination and the potential for ephaptic coupling in this model. Additionally, we assess the convergence and stability of a range of Runge-Kutta time-stepping algorithms on simple geometries with manufactured solutions.We first analyze single axons and the influence of myelin on the speed of action potentials. Then, we use a 3D geometry of nine cylinders to represent an axonal bundle and study the induced potential in the central axon in both myelinated and unmyelinated cases. Finally, we discuss the biological implications of ephaptic coupling and the importance of 3D modeling for precise simulations of spiking neurons.
The Impact of Mechano-Electric Feedback on Drug- and Stretch- Induced Arrhythmia Using a Computational Model of Cardiac Electromechanics
Authors: Asencio Anthony , Buonocunto Melania , Ellis Matthew W , Munthe Karl , Stark Kyle T , Sundnes Joakim , Finsberg Henrik , Arevalo Hermenegild J 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMechano-electric feedback (MEF) is thought to be an important factor in the increased arrhythmic risk observed clinically in heart failure and chronic infarct patients. Here, we utilize pathologic stretch as a parameter for investigating the sensitivity of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanics to MEF. To simulate the effects of stretch, we incorporated stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) into a coupled electro-mechanics model based on the well-established O’Hara-Rudy (ORd) (electrophysiology) Land (mechanics) models. We investigated the effect different degrees of stretch had upon electrophysiological parameters such as the action potential duration and calcium transient, as well as functional parameters like force production. We further determined the sensitivity of cardiac cells under stretch to various pro- and anti-arrhythmic drugs to better inform on drug risk classifications and indications. Our results indicate that pathologic stretch may exert a severe pro-arrhythmic effect on cardiac cells, which markedly exacerbates the risk profile of pro-arrhythmic drugs, but one which was mitigated through the action of anti-arrhythmic compounds.
Teilhabebezogene Perspektiven: Wer nutzt das Bildungssystem und welchen Nutzen bietet es?
Authors: van Ackeren-Mindl Isabell , Klemm Klaus , Schmid-Kühn Svenja Mareike 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungUnbeeinflusst von allen Schwankungen der Bildungspolitik ist die Entwicklung der Bildungssysteme nach 1945 in den beiden deutschen Staaten, wenn auch unterschiedlich akzentuiert, durch den Prozess der Bildungsexpansion gekennzeichnet. Dem Satz „Schick Dein Kind länger auf bessere Schulen“, in den sechziger Jahren in der Bundesrepublik plakatiert, folgten Eltern im Osten wie im Westen Deutschlands lange schon, bevor er formuliert war. Dabei zeigen sich bis heute erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen an Bildung teilzuhaben.
Problemstellung
Authors: Knoblauch Michael 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Bilanzrecht sorgt nicht nur für die Abbildung wirtschaftlicher Sachverhalte, sondern schafft Anreize zu deren Gestaltung. Zudem ermöglicht erst diese Abbildung die Lösung von Prinzipal-Agent-Problemen, bspw. durch das Anstreben von Informationseffizienz.
Erstes Kapitel: Methodische Grundlagen zur Auslegung des handels- und steuerbilanzrechtlichen Vermögensbegriffs
Authors: Knoblauch Michael 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer handelsrechtliche Jahresabschluss ist gemäß § 243 Abs. 1 HGB nach den Grundsätzen ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung aufzustellen. Diese sind als offenes System „sich wechselseitig ergänzender und beschränkender Grundsätze“ zu charakterisieren, mithin als „paradigmatisches System von Rechtsprinzipien, Folgeprinzipien und rechtlichen Einzelnormen“.
Thesenförmige Zusammenfassung
Authors: Knoblauch Michael 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung1. Das System der GoB ist grundsätzlich lückenlos: Daher ist für jede neu auftretende Fragestellung eine systemadäquate Lösung aus diesem System ableitbar. So sind etwa – bereits abstrahiert in methodischer Sicht – Zurechnungsfragen im Rahmen von Cum/Ex-Transaktionen aus dem System der GoB heraus lösbar. Die handelsrechtlichen GoB sind aufgrund des Maßgeblichkeitsprinzips Teil des Steuerbilanzrechts.
Electroweak symmetry breaking by gravity
Authors: Shtanov Yuri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We consider a simple scale-invariant action coupling the Higgs field to the metric scalar curvature R and containing an R2 term that exhibits spontaneous breaking of scale invariance and electroweak symmetry. The coefficient of the R2 term in this case determines the self-coupling of the Higgs boson in the Einstein frame, and the scalaron becomes a dilaton weakly coupled to the Higgs boson. Majorana mass terms for right-handed neutrinos can be generated in a scale-invariant manner by using the Higgs-field invariant; in this case, the existing experimental limits on the Higgs-boson total width rule out Majorana mass values in a certain range. The model inherits the naturalness issues of general relativity connected with the smallness of the gravitational and cosmological constants.
Holographic tensor networks with bulk gauge symmetries
Authors: Dong Xi , McBride Sean , Weng Wayne W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tensor networks are useful toy models for understanding the structure of entanglement in holographic states and reconstruction of bulk operators within the entanglement wedge. They are, however, constrained to only prepare so-called “fixed-area states” with flat entanglement spectra, limiting their utility in understanding general features of holographic entanglement. Here, we overcome this limitation by constructing a variant of random tensor networks that enjoys bulk gauge symmetries. Our model includes a gauge theory on a general graph, whose gauge-invariant states are fed into a random tensor network. We show that the model satisfies the quantum-corrected Ryu-Takayanagi formula with a nontrivial area operator living in the center of a gauge-invariant algebra. We also demonstrate nontrivial, n-dependent contributions to the Rényi entropy and Rényi mutual information from this area operator, a feature shared by general holographic states.
Evolution of colour correlated double parton distributions: a quantitative study
Authors: Diehl Markus , Fabry Florian , Plößl Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Double parton distributions satisfy the same evolution equations as ordinary single-parton densities, provided that the colours of the two partons are uncorrelated. The situation is different for colour correlated parton pairs, where evolution to higher scales results in a suppression by Sudakov double logarithms. We perform a detailed study of evolution for colour correlated double parton distributions, both analytically and numerically, at lowest order and beyond. When the two observed partons originate from the perturbative splitting of a single one, the Sudakov suppression of colour correlations at the cross section level is not as strong as one might expect.
Non-perturbative Symmetries of Little Strings and Affine Quiver Algebras
Authors: Filoche Baptiste , Hohenegger Stefan , Kimura Taro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We consider Little String Theories (LSTs) that are engineered by N parallel M5-branes probing a transverse ℤM geometry. By exploiting a dual description in terms of F-theory compactified on a toric Calabi-Yau threefold XN,M, we establish numerous symmetries that leave the BPS partition function 𝒵N,M invariant. They furthemore act in a non-perturbative fashion from the point of view of the low energy quiver gauge theory associated with the LST. We present different group theoretical organisations of these symmetries, thereby generalising the results of [1] to the case of generic M ≥ 1. We also provide a Mathematica package that allows to represent them in terms of matrices that act linearly on the Kähler parameters of XN,M. From the perspective of dual realisations of the LSTs the symmetries found here act in highly nontrivial ways: as an example, we consider a formulation of 𝒵N,M in terms of correlation functions of a vertex operator algebra, whose commutation relations are governed by an affine quiver algebra. We show the impact of the symmetry transformations on the latter and discuss invariance of 𝒵N,M from this perspective for concrete examples.
Polyphase stratabound scheelite-ferberite mineralization at Mallnock, Eastern Alps, Austria
Authors: Altenberger Florian , Krause Joachim , Wintzer Niki E. , Iglseder Christoph , Berndt Jasper , Bachmann Kai , Raith Johann G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA peculiar type of stratabound tungsten mineralization in metacarbonate rocks was discovered and explored at Mallnock (Austria) during the late 1980s. It is the only tungsten occurrence in the Eastern Alps in which scheelite is associated with wolframite (96 mol% ferberite). The tungsten prospect is located in the Austroalpine Drauzug-Gurktal Nappe System recording polyphase low-grade regional metamorphism. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material yield maximum metamorphic temperatures of 296 ± 27 °C and 258 ± 27 °C, which are assigned to Variscan and Eoalpine metamorphism, respectively. Scheelite and ferberite occur as polyphase stockwork-like mineralization in Fe-rich magnesite in the northern ore zone (Mallnock North), whereas in the western ore zone (Mallnock West), scheelite-quartz veinlets are exclusively hosted in dolomitic marbles. LA-ICP-MS analyses of scheelite and ferberite yield low contents of Mo, Nb, Ta, and rare earth elements, but high contents of Na and Sr. Uranium is particularly high in scheelite (up to 200 µg/g) and makes this mineral a suitable target for U–Pb dating. In situ U–Pb dating of scheelite yielded an early Permian age (294 ± 8 Ma) for Mallnock West and a Middle Triassic age (239 ± 3 Ma) for Mallnock North. A monzodioritic dike close to Mallnock yielded a U–Pb apatite date of 282 ± 9 Ma and supports the polyphase formation of this mineralization. The U–Pb scheelite ages indicate that a model for tungsten metallogeny in the Eastern Alps must also consider remobilization of tungsten by metamorphic fluids. In the Alps, the Permian to Triassic period (ca. 290–225 Ma) is characterized by an overall extensional geodynamic setting related to the breakup of Pangea. Lithospheric thinning caused higher heat flow, low-P metamorphism, and anatexis in the lower crust, which led to enhanced crustal fluid flow in the upper crust. These processes were not only responsible for the formation of metasomatic hydrothermal magnesite and siderite deposits in the Eastern Alps but also for this unique magnesite-ferberite-scheelite mineralization at Mallnock.
An integrated CRITIC-COPRAS approach for multi-response optimization on AWJM of hybrid filler–reinforced polymer composite and its surface integrity
Authors: Vijayananth Kavimani , Pudhupalayam Muthukutti Gopal , Keerthiveettil Ramakrishnan Sumesh , Venkatesan Sivamaran , Zhou Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComposites have gained acceptance in an extensive range of applications owing to their unique characteristics. But, machining of these materials is often challenging due to improved bonding between matrix and fibre when fillers are added. Since the machinability is an important aspect for any material for its successful utilization, it is essential to analyse the effect of secondary phase on machinability. However, investigations on the effect of fillers on machinability of polymer composites are minimal. In this research, hybrid fillers, namely boron nitride (BN) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay, were added to epoxy/glass fibre composite through compression moulding, in which quantity of MMT is fixed and BN is varied from 2 to 6 wt%. Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is a leading method for machining polymer composites in which transverse speed, stand-off distance, pump pressure and filler percentage are key factors and are considered as input variables. To assess the machinability, material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra) and kerf taper (Kt) are chosen as response variables. Experimental planning is done through Taguchi method, and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC)-weighted Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) technique is utilized for optimization. The results revealed that addition of BN reduces the MRR while it improves the surface finish and reduces the Kt. Transverse speed has the most influence over all the considered output responses, stand-off distance and water pressure mainly affect the MRR and Ra while filler addition mainly affects the Kt. The hybrid CRITIC-COPRAS approach–recommended optimal control factors resulted in 16.20 mm3/min MRR with 0.29° Kt and 3.86 µm Ra. The recommended optical condition can be utilized for effective machining of polymer composite with MMT/BN fillers.
Graphical abstract