bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Resort Condominiums
Authors: Riemer Herbert W. 
Published: June 2007

This article, prepared by Morris Ketchum, Jr. and Associates in cooperation with the Condo minium Committee of the American Hotel & Motel Association, is the first of a series. Chap ter 1 deals with the basic fundamentals for plan ning resort condominiums for play and profit. Chapter 2 covers land site evaluation for the master plan. Subsequent chapters will contain in detail con dominium design aspects and criteria, site plan ning, unit design with planned flexibility, con struction techniques, interior decor and main tenance, recreational facilities, and physical suit ability for management and operation. These basic fundamentals can be applied either to an entirely new development or to the expansion of an existing development. Morris Ketchum, Jr. Associates utilize the team- work approach in executing total architectural, engineering and planning services — master planning, urban design, building and interior de sign, landscape development, styling and graph ics. Their projects have ranged from college campuses to government building groups, aquar iums and zoological parks, schools and housing projects, urban and suburban shopping centers, and recreational areas in the United States, Eu rope, and Africa. Morris Ketchum, Jr. FAIA is an internationally known architect and was president of the Amer ican Institute of Architects in 1965-66. Herbert W. Riemer, AIA, is the partner who leads the home-based team, which has headquarters in New York.
Protecting Your Lease
Authors: Goldfaden Raymond W. 
Published: June 2007

You are negotiating with the landlord of a modern highrise to lease the premises for a new restaurant. The landlord has a reputation for being fastidious about his building, but not particularly attentive to his tenants' problems. You prudently pay particular attention to the assignment, subletting, and mortgaging clauses of the lease, because you know that if safeguards are not written into the lease now, the landlord can thwart your attempts to make improvements to the premises or even to sell your restaurant. As a result of your negotiations, the landlord agrees in the lease that he will not unreasonably withhold consent should you wish to assign the lease, but you are still troubled. What are your rights if the landlord withholds his consent in the future? What can you do if your landlord is unreasonable?
The Hormonal Treatment of Paraphiliacs With Depo-Provera
Authors: Spodak Michael K. , Falck Z. Ann , Rappeport Jonas R. 
Published: June 2007

Psychological therapies as described by Marshall are but one means of reducing the rapist's and child molester's sexual aggressive urges and behaviors. Various organic therapies have been recommended, including psychosurgery and surgical castration. Spodak, Falck, and Rappeport review a newer and more reversible form of castration, chemical castration by the use of the female hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate and the new antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate. These drugs are used to decrease the functioning level of the male hormone, testosterone. Reduction of testosterone appears to decrease overall sexual drive and rather rapidly allows the rapist or child molester to gain greater control (in some cases complete control) of his aggressive sexual urges. Spodak, Falck, and Rappeport describe the use of these hormonal agents, their effects and side effects, and give therapists some guidelines to follow when using these chemical interventions. Although not seen as a panacea, these agents do appear rapidly to assist the deviant in gaining control of his urges, and when coupled with psychotherapy they serve a valuable adjunct to the therapist armamentarium.
Sexual Response Faking By Pedophiles
Authors: Laws D.R. , Holmen Martin L. 
Published: June 2007

Finally in this series, Laws and Holmen examine further the issue of response faking by looking at various methods used by one of their own clients as he attempted to fake in the laboratory. It is clear that clients have the capability of generating erection responses to stimuli that are not erotic to them and the ability to prevent their erection responses to sexual stimuli to which they normally are highly aroused to. Furthermore, therapists' maneuvers to prevent such faking may significantly disrupt the working relationship between the therapist and the client. Laws and Holmen conclude by listing various steps that the therapist can take so that faking by the client will be minimized. Clearly, no one has the answer for this most difficult scientific and ethical issue. Laws and Holmen's results simply highlight the problems in dealing with rapists and child molesters, problems that are present in treating other types of clients but whose solution becomes critical to protect potential victims of our clients.
Evaluating Social Skills of Sexual Aggressives
Authors: Becker Judith V. , Abel Gene G. , Blanchard Edward B. , Murphy William D. , Coleman Emily 
Published: June 2007

A frequently overlooked element of any rapist or child molester's behavior is his social skills. We know that some sexual aggressives are very adept at interacting socially with a female, expressing themselves to others, requesting others to change their behavior, and accurately empathizing or appreciating the feeling states of others. On the other hand, some sexual aggressives are unable to maintain an adequate social interaction with an adult female, are unable to assert themselves appropriately with others, and, finally, some are cold and indifferent to others' feelings. In the past, these skills deficits have been viewed as characteristic of aggressives, but no formal means of evaluating or treating these deficits was available. In recent years behavioral approaches have begun to identify those behaviors that reflect good social skills. Concomitantly, skills training, a reeducative approach to teaching new skills, has been applied to a diverse group of clients, ranging from shy college students to inappropriately aggressive business executives. More recently these same skills assessment and training techniques have been applied to sexual deviates, and even more recently to sexual aggressives. The article by Becker, Abel, Blanchard, Murphy, and Coleman outlines the current means of assessing various social skills and applying skills training treatments to sexual aggressives when needed. A major finding was that treatment in one skills area does not generalize into other skills areas. That is, specific skills deficits must be resolved by treatment to improve that very deficit, since generalization from other skills areas is minimal. Finally, the interrelationship between various social skills deficits and rape behavior has to be worked out. Self-report measures confirm that in some rapists and child molesters, a close correlation exists between failures in the social skills area and increased urges to rape or molest, but this relationship is far from absolutely clear.
Families on the Verge of Breakdown? Views on Contemporary Trends in Family Life in Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Chant Sylvia 
Published: June 2007

As in many other countries, family life in Costa Rica has changed in recent decades. Marriage is declining, divorce and separation are on the rise, out-of-wedlock births are increasing, and women head a growing number and proportion of households. Nationally and internationally, statements issued by the media, government bodies and the religious establishment indicate that these trends have provoked anxiety about “family breakdown.” Yet it is less well known if similar concerns are felt at the grassroots. The present paper explores reactions to family change among 176 low-and middle-income women and men from different age groups in Guanacaste province, northwest Costa Rica. A key finding is that although some trajectories in family life are perceived as encompassing possibilities for new, more flexible and egalitarian domestic arrangements, others are regarded as weakening family unity. Moreover, concerns about “family breakdown” are more common among adult males than their female counterparts or younger people. The reasons behind these disparate views relate to social, legal, and economic processes that have destabilized “traditional” gendered divisions of labor, power, and rights within Costa Rican households.
The etiology and treatment of tennis elbow
Authors: Nirschl Robert P. 
Published: June 2007

The primary etiological factor in tennis elbow is a mechanical predisposition of the human elbow associated with force overload Additional etiological factors in clude lack of forearm strength and endur ance, age, and a tendency toward mus culo-tendinous inflammatory abnormali ties Treatment includes relief of inflamma tion, improvement of tissue quality by exercise, decrease in the moments of force to which the forearm is subjected, and surgery when indicated
Methods and rationale for closed treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures
Authors: Stein Stephen R. , Luekens Claude A. 
Published: June 2007

Significant recent interest in closed treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures has been noted in the literature, as well as in clinical practice. This interest has grown out of dissatisfaction with operative treatment and its attendant high complication rates. The method of closed treatment consists of a gravity equinus, long leg, slightly bent knee cast for 6 weeks. This is followed by a short leg cast for a period of 4 weeks. A 2-cm heel lift is then used. Closed approximation of the tendon is easily demonstrated at the time of equinus casting. Results obtained have been gratifying. Observations were made on the Achilles tendon in dissected, fresh amputated specimens. Prominent transverse vessels in the paratenon, continuous with those of the anterior mesentery, illustrate well reports of the important role of these vessels in circulation to the midportion of the tendon, and its paratenon sheath is well demonstrated. An experimental study to document and compare closed methods of treatment of Achilles tendon injuries with open surgical methods has been done in mature rabbits. Results of tensile strength analysis at 1, 2, and 3 weeks demonstrate no significant difference between these two modes of treatment; at 3 weeks, tensile strength was 17.25 kg per cm' in the sutured side and 29.95 kg per cm' in the nonsutured side. Macroscopic examination demonstrated early tendon callus formation in all specimens ; this was more prominent in those treated closed where the paratenon was left in place. Surgical repair tended to destroy the paratenon envelope surrounding the tendon. However, an increased tendency toward separation of the tendon ends was seen in the nonsutured specimens ; yet both sutured and nonsutured tendons revealed a linear increase with time of immobilization. Microscopic examination presented clear evidence of progressive tendon healing in both types of specimens. By 24 days, organized fibroplasia can be seen spanning the tendon ends in an impressive fashion. The rationale for closed treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures is well supported through anatomical dissection and demonstration of a vascular paratenon and anterior mesentery. The maintenance of an intact paratenon sheath in nonsurgical treatment favors rapid healing, avoiding the complications of open surgical management. Experimental evidence in rabbits also supports this method of closed treatment as a satisfactory method which allows tendon healing to occur.
Occult knee ligament injuries associated with femoral shaft fractures
Authors: Walker Dennis M. , Kennedy J.C. 
Published: June 2007

Recognition of ligamentous injuries of the knee in the acute phase is essential for optimum treatment and prognosis. A multitraumatized patient with a fractured femur and occult knee ligament damage presents a difficult diagnostic challenge. This paper retrospectively reviews 52 patients with 54 mid- shaft femoral fractures. The high incidence (48%) of ipsilateral knee ligament damage, particularly of a severe nature (30%) evident at followup (mean 24.5 months) is alarming. In the 26 cases of knee ligament damage, the mean time from injury to documentation of instability is 12.8 months. Motor vehicle and athletic injuries and falls account for all of the injuries. The majority are dashboard impacts treated in balanced traction with subsequent case bracing. The anterior cruciate ligament (50%) is most often injured followed by the medial collateral ligament (31%), lateral collateral ligament (13%), and posterior cruciate ligament (6%). A Lachman test, aspiration of the effusions, examinations under anesthesia including stress films, and arthroscopy are recommended as diagnostic procedures. Acute ipsilateral knee instability is a strong relative indica tion for primary rigid immobilization of the fracture femur to allow early ligamentous repair.
Pitcher's elbow in adolescents
Authors: Grana William A. , Rashkin Alan 
Published: June 2007

Intraarticular and periarticular changes of the elbow secondary to the throwing motion have been documented in pitchers of all ages. Although others have focused attention on children, this study evaluates a group of 73 older pitchers (average age 17 years). Forty-two (58%) players reported pain while throwing at the time of evaluation (before interscholastic play) or developed pain during the season. However, only four (5%) missed one or more pitching rotations. No significant relationships were found between occurrence of symptoms and number of seasons played, individual pitching traits, asymmetry on physical ex amination, or asymmetry on radiographic evaluation of the elbow. In the symptomatic group there tended to be a slightly greater number of seasons' experience (average 7.8 seasons vs. 6.0 seasons) and more players with asymmetry upon physical examination. We believe this study supports the concept that increasing age and exposure, along with other factors as yet unquantitated, may determine the occurrence of symptoms in pitchers.
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics of long distance runners
Authors: Mumford Michael , Prakash Ravi 
Published: June 2007

Nineteen long distance runners and 19 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls were evaluated by echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) at rest and after 12 minutes of treadmill exercise. Seven of ten male athletes exhibited ECG abnormalities of prominent precordial voltage, early repolarization, and one had right ventricle hypertrophy; only three of nine females had ECG abnormalities. The resting and postexercise heart rates and blood pressures were lower in athletes than controls ( P < 0.001). The athletes increased their left ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume and had a moderate increase in heart rate. Controls markedly increased only their heart rate to the same level of exercise. One female athlete and one female control had 1 mm of ST segment depression with exercise. The right ventricular wall thickness was equal to or greater than 6 mm in athletes versus equal to or less than 5 mm in controls. The left ventricular wall was thicker in athletes than controls, the resultant left ventricular mass was 60% more in athletes due to left ventricular hypertrophy ( P < 0.001). We concluded left ventricular hypertrophy is present in athletes as a result of endurance running.
Cost of high school soccer injuries
Authors: Pritchett James W. 
Published: June 2007

This study examines the cost of high school soccer injuries. Data was collected from the files of the largest single insurer of secondary school students in six western states. Analysis was made through a specially programmed Qantel 1300 computer (Empire Com puter Systems, Seattle, Washington). The average claim cost was $127.29 for injuries in 1976 to 1977, ranging from the lowest in Washington to the highest in California. During this period 436 claims from 10,634 players were reported. Relatively minor injuries (sprains, strains, contu sions, and abrasions) accounted for 75.9% of all injuries but only 49.4% of all costs; lower extremity injuries accounted for more than one-half of all injuries and costs. Knee injuries alone represented 11.7% of all injuries—28.2% of all medical costs paid by the insurance companies. Injuries occur only one-fifth as frequently in soccer, compared with football. It is anticipated that medical expenses for soccer players will be less than 16% of expenses incurred by an equal number of football players.
The technique of cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Brant Lipscomb A. , Johnston Robert K. , Snyder Robert B. 
Published: June 2007

Our technique of reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament in both acute and chronic tears, using both the semitendinosus and gracilis ten dons, is described in detail. Combined rotatory insta bilities were carefully evaluated and corrected during the same operation. Reefing of the posteromedial capsular ligament was done for anteromedial rotatory instability, and for significant valgus instability, the O'Donoghue medial reconstruction was performed. The Ellison procedure was initially done for associated anterolateral rotatory instability, but has been re placed by the Losee procedure. This combination of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the ap propriate extraarticular procedures has produced our most stable knee joints. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was also performed through an anterior incision using both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. When both cru ciates were found to be incompetent, the gracilis was used to reconstruct the posterior cruciate and the semitendinosus for the anterior cruciate. In addition, all associated rotatory instabilities were corrected at the same operation. This technique has been performed on 372 patients (342 anterior and 30 posterior cruciate ligament tears) by one surgeon over a period of five years. The average follow-up was 22 months. Objective compar ison of the reconstructed knee with the sound knee showed 84% good results.
Preparticipation health screening of young athletes
Authors: Linder Charles W. , D Robert H. , Seklecki Roger M. , Strong William B. 
Published: June 2007

The major purpose of the preparticipation physical examination of athletes is to screen for conditions that could predispose the athlete to injury or death. How ever, the examinations offered to many of the athletes in this country fail to adequately accomplish this. This study analyzed the preparticipation health exams of prospective sports participants from all public schools in Richmond County, Georgia for two consecutive years. We sought to identify the components of a preparticipation exam which most accurately identi fied athletes who were at risk of sustaining injury. The most frequently reported problems on the health history were previous injuries, previous hospitaliza tions, and joint problems. These were consistent over the two years. The problems recorded most frequently on the physical exam involved the lower extremities, mouth, teeth, heart, eyes, and genitalia. However, the prevalence of abnormalities found during the first year of the study was significantly lower than that identified in the second year. Analysis of the findings resulted in a more standardized approach to the examination and in an improved examination form.
Knee motion in a long leg cast
Authors: Krackow Kenneth A. , Laughlin Vetter William 
Published: June 2007

Five principles to reestablish static ligamentous sta bility are introduced, including secure, temporary, ti biofemoral fixation to protect against early postoper ative stretch or disruption. The necessity for empha sizing this point is demonstrated by a cadaver study. Knee motion in and out of long leg plaster casts was carefully studied in necropsy specimens. Casts ap plied over minimal or no padding allowed significant varus-valgus, anterior, posterior, and rotatory motion at the knee when manipulated manually. Medial open ing to valgus stress ranged from 64 to 100% after casting as compared to the amount of instability pres ent prior to casting. Legs with normally contoured thighs were not protected against anterior instability after casting, and an average of 48% of precasting rotational instability remained after casting. We believe that these results are relevant to much knee ligament surgery. Current means for solving the problems posed by cast immobilization alone, includ ing case examples, are discussed.
Proximal approaches to arthroscopic surgery of the knee
Authors: Patel Dinesh 
Published: June 2007

Arthroscopic surgery of the knee has become more popular recently because of better optics and instru mentation. The currently available techniques and ap proaches for doing surgery as well as their drawbacks are summarized. The author's new technique is de scribed. The anterior and lateral compartments and popliteal tunnel could not be adequately visualized with the existing techniques. Distortion of image, magnifica tion, crowding, and collision were found in the distal approaches during surgery. Injuries to the anterior compartment of the knee as the instruments come blindly in and out can also cause damage to the fat pad and the menisci. By inserting the arthroscope proximally (midpatellar lateral, mid patellar medial) and using inferomedial and inferola teral portals for instruments, the surgery and the above problems have been minimized. The drawbacks of this technique are initial confusion in orientation and proper placement of the arthro scope. The posterior cruciate ligament cannot be seen using this technique. The posterolateral portion of the lateral meniscus and to some extent the posteromedial portion of the medial meniscus are, in inexperienced hands, somewhat difficult to see. The technique of menisectomy is described.
Lateral patellar retinacular release
Authors: Micheli Lyle J. , Stanitski Carl L. 
Published: June 2007

Forty-one lateral knee retinacular releases were per formed in 33 patients over a 27-month period. This group represented 6.9% of patients seen during that time with symptomatic patellalgia. A retrospective analysis was done on 24 patients from that group who returned for follow-up examination 8 to 16 months after surgery. Thirty-three knees in these patients were operated upon by one of the authors and as sessed independently by the other author. Eighteen females and six males had surgery at an average age of 18 years (range 13 to 32). All patients had at least three months of supervised, nonoperative management that emphasized flexibility and static strengthening of the quadriceps and hamstrings. The preoperative history of injury, pain pattern, and pseudolocking were evaluated. Roentgenograms were checked for patella alta. Follow-up examination included assessment of pain factors, Q angle, patellar tracking, ligamentous laxity, and range of motion of hip, knee, ankle, and foot joints. Hamstring and quad riceps power was measured with a Universal testing machine. Intensive postoperative physical therapy emphasized obtaining and maintaining a painless range of motion prior to strengthening. Results assessed functional and anatomic criteria. Overall, 76.7% of patients had excellent or good results and improved following surgery. Males had a higher proportion of excellent results. The benefits of the procedure tended to remain at the level noted three months postoperatively. Although increased ligamentous laxity, increased Q angle, or patella alta did not preclude a good or excellent result, all patients in this series with fair or poor ratings had increases in Q angle, ligamentous laxity, knee valgus, genu recurvatum, and body weight. Lateral knee retinacular release, a noncomplex pro cedure, does not interfere with the permanent align ment of the extensor mechanism in the skeletally immature individual. It is recommended for patients who do not have evidence of significant patellar mal alignment but fail a supervised, conscientious, non operative therapeutic program.