bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new assay to assess steroid‐hormone responsiveness in head and neck cancer
Authors: Berg Nicholas J. , Neel H. Bryan , Weiland Louis H. , Spelsberg Thomas C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new assay has been developed to predict the effectiveness of steroid‐hormone therapy in various tumors. The Biopsy Nuclear Binding assay measures the amount of biologically active receptor that binds both steroid hormone and acceptor sites in the nucleus. This assay does not measure the entire receptor population, only those that are biologically active; therefore, it should more accurately predict the response to steroid‐hormone therapy. We applied this assay effectively in breast and endometrial carcinoma. Preliminary studies have shown that 40% of patients with head and neck squamous‐cell carcinomas have biologically active (nuclear bound) progesterone receptors. If nuclear binding predicts a remission with hormonal therapy, then the quality of life of appropriately selected patients could greatly improve.
Limited septoplasty as treatment for recurrent epistaxis in a child with glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Authors: Guarisco J. Lindhe , Cheney Mack L. , Lejeune Francis E. , Ohene‐Frempong Kwaku , Blair Paul A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecurrent epistaxis can be a serious problem in children with coagulation disorders. We present a case of severe, recurrent nosebleeds in a 3‐year‐10‐month‐old boy with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.The nature of Glanzmann's disease and medical treatment of epistaxis in children is reviewed. A method of controlling recurrent epistaxis with a very simple and limited septoplasty is described. This technique should be applicable to patients with recurrent nosebleeds and other more common coagulation disorders.
Acute bilateral deafness with nephritis: A human temporal bone study
Authors: Yanagita Noriyuki , Yokoi Hisashi , Koide Junichi , Toriyama Minoru , Ishii Tetsuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTemporal bone pathology is described in a 37‐year‐old man who had acute, bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss without improvement 4 months before death. The patient had suffered from low complement nephritis, for which he had received prednisolone therapy. Autopsy revealed malignant lymphoma with non‐Hodgkin's type, membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis and necrotizing vasculitis of middle and small arteries. In the temporal bone study, pathological changes were limited to the cochlear region. The vestibular structure showed no detectable pathological changes. The changes included total absence of the organ of Corti, atrophy and/or disappearance of the stria vascularis in the upper turns, collapse of Reissner's membrane in the middle turn, and new bone formation in the apical turn.
Congenital absence of the oval window
Authors: Lambert Paul R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom 1983 to 1987, seven patients with conductive hearing loss were found to have congenital absence of the oval window. Six of these patients underwent vestibulotomies and reconstruction with House wires or total ossicular reconstruction prostheses. Surgical findings included absent or rudimentary stapes in all cases, abnormal facial nerves in four cases, and abnormal long processes of the incus in four cases. All patients had normal external ear canals and tympanic membranes. Hearing initially improved 20 to 45 dB in four of the six patients reconstructed. Over time, however, much of this initial hearing gain was lost. A marked difference in hearing results was evident between this series of absent oval window cases and a recent series of major atresia cases.
Surgery for sinusitis and aspirin triad
Authors: Mcfadden Edith A. , Kany Robert J. , Fink Jordan N. , Toohill Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn 11‐year retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the surgical treatment of sinusitis in aspirin‐triad patients. Twenty‐five patients were selected for surgery when their sinus disease and asthma progressed despite intense medical treatment. Sixteen patients had radiographic evidence of severe ethmoid disease, and their initial surgical procedures were limited (i.e., bilateral intranasal ethmoidec‐tomies). Of these 16 patients, 6 required subsequent surgery for recurrent sinusitis. Nine of the 25 patients had radio‐graphic evidence of severe antral, as well as ethmoid, disease. Their initial surgical procedures were radical, i.e., bilateral Caldwell‐Luc operations with intranasal and transantral sphenoethmoidectomies. None of these 9 patients required further surgical treatment for control.This review indicates that if antral and sphenoid disease are detected in association with ethmoid involvement, a radical surgical approach is the operation of choice.
Chronic cough in infants and children: An update
Authors: Holinger Lauren D. , Sanders Anthony D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCough is a symptom frequently encountered by the otolaryngologist—head and neck surgeon. Although most coughs are self limited, chronic cough often proves to be a frustrating problem. Seventy‐two infants and children under age 16 with a normal chest radiogram have now been evaluated for chronic cough persisting for longer than 4 weeks. Cough‐variant asthma was the most common cause of cough, followed by sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux, aberrant innominate artery, psychogenic cough, and sub‐glottic stenosis.Chronic cough is best managed by first following an individualized diagnostic protocol designed to determine the etiology of the cough. This is followed by specific therapy to treat the underlying disorder. Children with persistent cough and normal chest radiograph are best served when referred promptly for evaluation by an otolaryngologist when the primary physician's initial efforts at diagnosis and treatment are not effective. Endoscopy is underutilized in practice and its importance understated in the literature. It is particularly helpful in establishing a precise diagnosis in infants under 18 months of age.
Plasminogen activators in tissue extract of aural cholesteatoma
Authors: Nakamura Mariko , Yamashiro Yutaka , Nakahodo Kazuhiro , Sunagawa Masanori , Huang Guang‐Wu , Kosugi Tadayoshi , Morimitsu Tamotsu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing a biochemical technique, the authors characterized and identified the plasminogen activator (PA) derived from tissue extracts of six aural cholesteatomas. The results of fibrin zymography indicated that the tissue extracts of two cholesteatomas demonstrated two lytic zones on fibrin‐agarose plates. One of the lytic zones was at about 72 kd, while the other zone was at about 64 kd. Using various goat immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐containing antibodies (anti‐human uterine tissue type PA (t‐PA), anti‐human low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) urokinase, and nonspecific goat IgG) and plasminogen‐free fibrin‐agarose plates, we confirmed that the cholesteatoma tissue extracts contained 72 kd t‐PA and 64 kd urokinase type PA (u‐PA).Furthermore, we measured the t‐PA and u‐PA activities in the tissue extracts selectively by parabolic rate assay. In order to estimate the PA activity, we developed optimal conditions for this assay. The specific t‐PA activity ranged from 0.03 to 0.43 mIU/μg‐protein and the specific u‐PA activity ranged from 0 to 0.35 mIU/μg‐protein. The highest percentage of u‐PA with respect to the total PA activity was 44.9%. However, in four of the six cases, we failed to detect u‐PA activity.In the present study, we thus clarified the presence of PAs in tissue extracts of aural cholesteatomas. Furthermore, we confirmed that measurable u‐PA occurred in some tissue extracts. We anticipate that the u‐PA in inflammatory tissues plays an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix via the formation of plasmin and collagenases.
Care of the terminal head and neck cancer patient in the hospice setting
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Roth Yehudah , Waller Alexander , Chesnin Vladimir , Adunski Abraham , Lander Martin I. , Kronenberg Jona 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ratio of incidence to mortality is somewhat less than 3:1 for head and neck cancer, and the 5‐year relative survival rate is 50%. Despite the high mortality rate, few reports have focused on patients with terminal head and neck cancer. A growing number of these patients end their lives in a hospice facility. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 67 patients with terminal head and neck cancer who were admitted to the Tel Hashomer Hospice between 1988 and 1992. Patient data were reviewed and analyzed, and the particular characteristics of this population were defined. This study found that terminal head and neck cancer patients seem to receive better support in a hospice than in a general hospital or some family settings.
Effect of Patient Withdrawal on a Study Evaluating Pharmacist Management of Hypertension
Authors: Rozenfeld Yelena , Hunt Jacquelyn S. 
Published: October 2006

Study Objectives. To examine potential threats to internal and external study validity caused by differential patient withdrawal from a randomized controlled trial evaluating pharmacist management of hypertension, to compare the characteristics of patients who withdrew with those of patients who completed the study, and to identify characteristics that predispose patients to withdraw from hypertension management.Design. Prospective, randomized, comparative study.Setting. Network of primary care clinics.Patients. Four hundred sixty‐three patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and a last documented systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater and/or diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or greater.Intervention. Patients were randomly allocated to the pharmacist intervention or usual‐care (control) group. Those in the pharmacist intervention group were collaboratively managed by a primary care clinical pharmacy specialist and their primary care provider. Patients in the control group received usual care from only their primary care provider.Measurements and Main Results. Of the 463 patients, 191 (41%) withdrew from the study after randomization and 272 (59%) completed the study. Patients who withdrew from the pharmacist intervention group were similar to patients who withdrew from the usual‐care group with respect to age, sex, insurance status, and chronic conditions. Patients who smoked or had commercial insurance were more likely to withdraw from the study than the other participants. However, multivariate analysis of all variables, when adjusted for the effect of the intervention, revealed that insurance status was the only variable associated with a heightened probability of withdrawal (p=0.002).Conclusion. Although this study had a high withdrawal rate, between‐group patient characteristics remained balanced. Therefore, internal validity was preserved, and outcomes from the study groups could be reliably compared. A lack of significant differences between patients who withdrew versus those who completed, with the exception of insurance status, suggests that external validity was not jeopardized.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of some new 1,3,5-tris(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-benzene derivatives
Authors: Florian Maria , Cîrcu Monica , Toupet Loïc , Terec Anamaria , Grosu Ion , Ramondenc Yvan , Dincă Nicolae , Plé Gerard 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The synthesis and the stereochemistry of new 1,3,5-tris(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-benzene derivatives are reported. The anancomeric structure and the axial orientation of the aryl group with respect to all 1,3-dioxane rings, and the cis-trans isomerism of some of the compounds are revealed. The data are supported by NMR investigations and by the molecular structure of one compound determined by single crystal X-ray diffractometry.
X-ray powder diffraction study of chromium-vanadium oxide compounds prepared by “soft chemistry” methods
Authors: Pozdnyakova O. , Megyeri J. , Kuzmann E. , Szirtes L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A novel aqueous method was used to synthesise mixed chromium-vanadium oxide hydrates with various chromium content, via the reaction of peroxo-polyacids of chromium and vanadium. The resulting materials are gelatinous. The dehydration of the gels result in a brown coloured amorphous powder. Depending on the chromium content, the compounds have a different characteristic crystallisation temperature upon the further heating. The crystalline compounds, except for the low chromium ones, go on a phase transition and decompose with increasing temperature.
By refining the XRPD measurement data of the compounds, the type and parameters of the unit cells were determined. The experimental data were in concordance with the calculated values, using the PWC code. The lattice parameters and the crystalline structure were changed with the variation of chromium content.
Towards the Development of a New Iron Age
Authors: Branagan D. J. , Sergueeva A. V. , Mukherjee A. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSteel in its various forms is the most widely utilized metallic alloy and comprises over 80 % by weight of all metallic alloys in industrial use.[1] The development of steel microstructures is based on manipulation of a very specific solid/solid state transformation called an eutectoid transformation (i.e. γaustenite → αferrite+ Fe3Ccementite). The control of this transformation is the primary factor resulting in wide variety of microstructures and resulting properties found in commercial steel alloys. However, the full benefit of its main constituent, iron has never been realized. Based on the metallic bonding in iron, the theoretical tensile strength has been calculated to be 13.2 GPa but ultra high strength steels, even today, only achieve maximum tensile strength levels from 1 to 1.5 GPa. Thus, our modern technological society has been established utilizing approximately only ∼ 10 % strength level of iron. Here we demonstrate that a high level of strength (6.2 GPa) and strength to weight ratio of 8.3 × 104/m3 may be obtained in iron‐based alloys by their solidification into metallic glasses, as well as, by employing another solid state transformation called glass devitrification.
Relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of polypropylene: Effects of the molecular weight and shear‐induced structure
Authors: Stern Claudia , Frick Achim , Weickert Günter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of homopolymer polypropylenes (PPs), within a weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) range of 100–1600 kg/mol, were manufactured as dumbbell microspecimens. The effects of the molecular weight and shear‐induced crystallization on the mechanical properties and morphology were studied to gain a better understanding of the structure–property relationship. The results showed that the crystallinity decreased from 50 to 41% and the lamellar thickness increased as Mw increased. Tensile tests demonstrated that the stiffness and especially the tensile strength rose to extremely high values (Young's modulus = 2400 N/mm2, stress at 30% strain = 120 N/mm2). Furthermore, the strain hardening effect was strongly affected by the lamellar thickness and highly oriented superstructures. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that the mobility of the molecular chains depended on Mw and on the lamellar thickness. In addition, the viscoelastic properties of unannealed and annealed samples indicated further the existence of shish‐kebab structures caused by shear‐induced crystallization during injection molding. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 519–533, 2007
Compatibilization of styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer in polypropylene/polystyrene blends by analysis of phase morphology
Authors: Li Yun‐yan , Wang Ya , Li Wei‐qing , Sheng Jing 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEffect of compatibilization of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) block copolymer in polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends was studied by means of small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to SAXS, a certain amount of SBS was located at the interface in all the analyzed samples, forming the relatively thicker interface layer penetrating into homopolymers, and the thickness of the interface layer was quantified in terms of Porod light scattering theory. The incorporation of SBS into PP/PS blends resulted in a decrease in domain size following an emulsification curve as well as an uniform size distribution, and consequently, a fine dispersion of PP domains in the PS matrix. This effect was more pronounced when the concentration of SBS was higher. A critical concentration of SBS of 15% above which the interface layer approaches to saturation and domain size attains a steady‐state was observed. Further, the morphology fluctuation of unetched fracture surface of umcompatibilized and compatibilized blends was analyzed using an integral constant Q based on Debye‐Bueche light scattering theories. Variation of Q as a function of the concentration of SBS showed that, due to the penetrating interface layer, adhesion between phases was improved, making it possible for applied stress to transfer between phases and leading to more uniform stress distribution when blends were broken; accordingly, a more complicated morphology fluctuation of fracture surface appeared. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103:365–370, 2007
Electrospinning and crosslinking of zein nanofiber mats
Authors: Yao Chen , Li Xinsong , Song Tangying 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectrospinning processing can be applied to fabricate fibrous polymer mats composed of fibers whose diameters range from several microns down to 100 nm or less. In this article, we describe how electrospinning was used to produce zein nanofiber mats and combined with crosslinking to improve the mechanical properties of the as‐spun mats. Aqueous ethanol solutions of zein were electrospun, and nanoparticles, nanofiber mats, or ribbonlike nanofiber mats were obtained. The effects of the electrospinning solvent and zein concentration on the morphology of the as‐spun nanofiber mats were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the morphologies of the electrospun products exhibited a zein‐dependent concentration. Optimizing conditions for zein produced nanofibers with a diameter of about 500 nm with fewer beads or ribbonlike nanofibers with a diameter of approximately 1–6 μm. Zein nanofiber mats were crosslinked by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The tensile strength of the crosslinked electrospun zein nanofiber mats was increased significantly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103:380–385, 2007
Morphology and texture development of uniaxially stretched poly(ethylene naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxylate)
Authors: Douillard A. , Hakme C. , David L. , Stevenson I. , Boiteux G. , Seytre G. , Kazmierczak T. , Galeski A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe texture development of PEN films with different semicrystalline morphologies have been studied by X‐ray diffraction. These different structures have been obtained by uniaxially stretching PEN amorphous films at 100 and 160°C (below and above Tg) at different drawing ratios. Samples have also been characterized by DSC to determine the crystallinity ratios, the crystallization, and melting temperatures. To define the orientation of crystallites in the oriented samples, pole figures have been constructed, as a function of temperature and drawing ratio (DR) in the range 1.5–4. In the range from DR = 2 to 4 the orientation is clearly uniplanar‐axial. At Tdraw = 100°C the crystallinity shown by DSC analysis is higher than the sample stretched at 160°C. The orientation is also higher when samples are stretched at 100°C. The naphthalene rings mainly stay in the plane of the film with a lower fraction perpendicular to the plane of the film. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 395–401, 2007
Photografting of unable‐to‐be‐irradiated surfaces. II. Batch liquid‐phase process by one‐step method
Authors: Zhang Zhengdong , Kong Lingbing , Deng Jianping , Luo Huiyue , Yang Wantai 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this article, a batch liquid‐phase process was reported, by which the photo‐initiated grafting polymerization could be carried out on the dark surfaces that were not directly irradiated by UV light. In the reaction system, an aluminum foil was placed horizontally to reflect UV light back and form a dark area underneath where the grafting polymerization took place. The occurrence of the polymerization was demonstrated by gravitational analyses and XPS spectra. The factors affecting the grafting reaction have been studied and the results showed that increasing irradiation time, reaction temperature, and benzophenone concentration and decreasing distance (D) between the light area and the place where grafting reaction took place were beneficial to the grafting reaction. The highest grafting density was obtained at a acrylic acid concentration of 15 vol %. Moreover, some further investigations were also made. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 118–124, 2007
Thermal stability of butyl/EPDM/neoprene based rubber compounds
Authors: Deniz Veli , Karaagac Bagdagul , Ceyhan N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTyre curing bladders are usually prepared by using butyl/neoprene based compounds. To demonstrate the heat resistance and to extend the service life of a bladder, the mechanical properties of butyl/neoprene/ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) based compounds in different compositions were analyzed and compared. In this study, the effects of partial replacements of IIR with different types of EPDM in different proportions were studied. Rheological and mechanical properties of vulcanizates were measured before and after the thermal ageing. Curing characteristics of unvulcanized compounds and mechanical properties, permanent set, fatigue index, and IRHD hardness of vulcanized compounds were measured. The better results were obtained by using the recipes containing Keltan 27 type EPDM of 10–20 phr. Mechanical properties of recipes decreased due to high EPDM ratio in the recipes studied. The service life of tyre curing bladders can be increased by the replacement of EPDM with butyl rubber in appropriate type and quantity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 557–563, 2007
Synthesis of well‐defined difunctional polydimethylsiloxane with an efficient dianionic initiator for ABA triblock copolymer
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Zhijie , Wang Qian , Xie Zemin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new efficient dianionic initiator dipotassium diphenylsilanediolate (Ph2Si(OK)2) was synthesized by reacting diphenylsilanediol with potassium in the mixture of THF and benzene. The anionic ring‐opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) or tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (D) initiated by Ph2Si(OK)2 was systematically investigated. A number of factors including the nature of initiators, promoters, and monomers, the molar ratio of promoter to initiator (Cp/Ci ratio) and monomer to initiator (Cm/Ci ratio) affect the polymerization remarkably. Using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone as the promoter, a series of well‐defined difunctional HSi‐terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) were prepared with high monomer conversion (> 90%) and relatively low polydispersity (< 1.6) at 30°C. By hydrosilation of the synthesized PDMS with ally end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), amphiphilic PEO‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PEO triblock copolymers with low polydispersities and high block purities were obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 153–159, 2007