bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the ZVS two‐switch forward converter with synchronous current doubler rectifier
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Wan Jin‐Fa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA soft switching two‐switch forward converter is presented to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of switching devices. In the adopted converter, a buck‐boost type of active clamp is connected in parallel with the primary winding of transformer. The energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance and magnetizing inductance can be recovered so that the peak voltage stress of switching devices is limited. The resonance between the transient interval of two main and auxiliary switches is used to achieve ZVS turn‐on of all switches. The current doubler synchronous rectifier is used in the secondary side of transformer for reducing the root mean square value of output inductor current, transformer secondary winding current and output voltage ripple by cancelling the current ripple of two output inductors. First, the circuit configuration and the principles of operation are analyzed in detail. The steady‐state analysis and design consideration are also presented. Finally, experimental results with a laboratory prototype based on a 380 V input and 12 V/30 A output were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomorphology of a solitary left chest wall mass: An unusual presentation from unknown primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Khalbuss Walid E. , Bajestani Saeed , D'Agostino Harry J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may present in various ways, but only very rarely with symptoms of distant metastases or evolve from ectopic liver tissue. This report describes a case of a 62‐year‐old white man who was admitted for hemoptysis and a large left chest wall mass that was growing for about a year. The patient underwent Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass that revealed poorly differentiated large‐cell carcinoma. A lung primary was suspected initially; however, further workup of this patient showed an elevated serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level of 16,425 ng/ml. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed cirrhotic liver, evidence of esophageal varices, but no evidence of a liver mass. The FNA findings were reviewed and ancillary studies were performed, including pan cytokeratin (AE1/3), Hepatocyte Paraffin 1 (HepPar‐1), AFP, CD10, CD34, and polyclonal CEA. The results confirmed the diagnoses of HCC probably from occult primary or from ectopic liver tissue. The former was suggested, since serum AFP was dropped to 6,640 ng/ml following resection of the tumor. We concluded that HCC should be considered in the list of differential diagnosis of chest wall mass. HCC may present as metastatic disease from a clinically and radiologically unrecognized liver mass. FNA, coupled with ancillary studies, provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool in challenging cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:586‐589. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interlaboratory reproducibility of liquid‐based equivocal cervical cytology within a randomized controlled trial framework
Authors: Confortini M. , Bondi A. , Cariaggi M. P. , Carozzi F. , Dalla Palma P. , Ghiringhello B. , Minucci D. , Montanari G. , Parisio F. , Prandi S. , Schiboni M. L. , Ronco G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWithin a multicentre controlled trial framework, an external quality control (EQC) was scheduled to evaluate the interlaboratory reproducibility of liquid‐based cytology. In particular, this EQC intended to evaluate the reproducibility of the ASCUS diagnosis.A selected set of 30 slides (4 within normal limit cases, 16 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 4 low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 6 high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) circulated among the 13 laboratories involved in the trial.Kappa values were obtained from the comparison between individual laboratory diagnoses and majority diagnoses with target diagnoses. Specific kappa values resulted moderate to high for HSIL and low to moderate for LSIL and WNL. Meanwhile, the specific kappa for ASCUS was below 0.4 in 12 of 13 participating laboratories.The lack of reproducibility for ASCUS was not a result of the introduction of this new technology but rather to the low reproducibility of the ASCUS category itself stemming from intrinsic uncertainties in the reporting criteria. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:541‐544. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giant cell carcinoma of the lung impact of diagnosis and review of cytological features
Authors: Alasio Teresa M. , Sun Wei , Yang Grace C. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGiant cell carcinoma of the lung is a specific type of lung carcinoma characteristically associated with a highly aggressive clinical behavior. This tumor comprises ∼1–5% of all lung cancers, affecting a similar patient population as other primary pulmonary carcinomas. It is not routinely treated surgically, owing to the fact that it is metastatic at the time of diagnosis. The cytological diagnosis of this entity on aspiration biopsy has an appreciable impact on patient care. We retrospectively examined 15 cases of lung fine‐needle aspirates in which a diagnosis of giant cell carcinoma or large cell carcinoma with giant cell features was made. We applied the criteria for cytological diagnosis of giant cell carcinoma previously set forth in the literature. In cases where there is a tissue diagnosis, we compared the results with the corresponding fine‐needle aspirates and correlated them with patient survival. Conclusions are made regarding the reliability of the diagnostic criteria of this malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:555‐559. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells of the pancreas: A report of 2 cases with literature review
Authors: Chopra Shefali , Wu Mark Li‐Cheng , Imagawa David K. , Lee John , Gu Mai 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUndifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells of the pancreas is rare. Histologically it mimics the giant cell tumor of the bone and may be associated with a ductal adenocarcinoma. We recently encountered two such cases, both of which were biopsied by EUS‐guided FNA. Abundant multinucleated osteoclast‐like giant cells and many uniform mononuclear cells were present in case 1 so that the diagnosis was made. In case 2, many mononuclear tumor cells with vacuolated and basophilic cytoplasm were present, and rare osteoclast‐like giant cells were seen. A diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made. In both cases, no conspicuous nuclear pleomorphism was noted in the mononuclear cells or the multinucleated giant cells. The histology of case 2 revealed a pure undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells. In addition, a liver biopsy revealed globular amyloidosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells sampled by EUS‐guided FNA and the first case of hepatic globular amyloidosis associated with this tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:601‐606. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation and function by YopJ of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Lindner Inna , Torrvellas‐Garcia Julie , Kolonias Despina , Carlson Louise M. , Tolba Khaled A. , Plano Gregory V. , Lee Kelvin P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractYersinia pestis evades immune responses in part by injecting into host immune cells several effector proteins called Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) that impair cellular function. This has been best characterized in the innate effector cells, but much less so for cells involved in adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells (DC) sit at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity, and can function to initiate or inhibit adaptive immune responses. Although Y. pestis can target and inactivate DC, the mechanism responsible for this remains unclear. We have found that injection of Y. pestis YopJ into DC progenitors disrupts key signal transduction pathways and interferes with DC differentiation and subsequent function. YopJ injection prevents up‐regulation of the NF‐κB transcription factor Rel B and inhibits MAPK/ERK activation – both having key roles in DC differentiation. Furthermore, YopJ injection prevents costimulatory ligand up‐regulation, LPS‐induced cytokine expression, and yields differentiated DC with diminished capability to induce T cell proliferation and IFN‐γ induction. By modulating DC function through YopJ‐mediated disruption of signaling pathways during progenitor to DC differentiation, Yersinia may interfere with the adaptive responses necessary to clear the infection as well as establish a tolerant immune environment that leads to chronic infection/carrier state in the surviving host.
Tonantzitlolone and other Diterpenes from Stillingia sanguinolenta
Authors: Dräger Gerald , Jeske Frank , Kunst Eike , Lopez Elda G. , Sanchez Humberto V. , Tsichritzis Fotini , Kirschning Andreas , Jakupovic Jasmin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCembrene A (1), two novel diterpenes 2 and 3 with the rare flexibilane skeleton, two new pimaranes 4 and 5, sevenkauranes 6–12 (9 and 12 new), three known atisanes 13–15, a new trachylobane 16, and the new pentacyclic diterpene sanguinolane 17 with a novel skeleton were obtained from Stillingia sanguinolenta. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ignoring temporal trends in genetic effects substantially reduces power of quantitative trait linkage analysis
Authors: Shi Gang , Rao D.C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLinkage analysis has been one of the most widely used methods for identifying regions of the human genome which contain genes responsible for human diseases. Evidence suggests that the effects of some of the trait causing genes may vary with the age of an individual, giving rise to temporal trends in genetic effects. Linkage analysis routinely tends to ignore such gene‐by‐age interactions. While linkage analysis methods have been proposed for analysis of longitudinal family data for exploring temporal trends, there are no models to characterize such trends nor methods for analysis of cross‐sectional family data. We extend variance component linkage analysis methodology by modeling the variance components due to the quantitative trait locus (QTL) and that due to the polygenic effect to be age dependent. With this model, we investigate the power of linkage analysis in the presence of temporal trends. We show that modeling true temporal trends in QTL effects can substantially increase the power of linkage analysis even when the average locus‐specific heritabilities (when trends are ignored) are quite low, thereby demonstrating that, ignoring the gene‐by‐age interactions, when present, could jeopardize gene discovery. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum proteomics with SELDI‐TOF‐MS in congenital human cytomegalovirus hepatitis
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Tian Ying , Wang Bin , Yan Zhiyong , Qian Dongmeng , Ding Shouyi , Song Xuxia , Bai Zhiqiang , Li Ling 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen, the most common congenital viral infection, and the leading cause of infant hepatitis syndrome. In this study, serum samples were collected from 20 HCMV‐infected infants with hepatitis and 25 controls. Of the 25 infants in the control group, 5 were infected with HCMV but without hepatitis, 10 had hepatitis but no HCMV infection, and 10 were healthy. Proteomic expression in the serum was detected by WCX2 chips and surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF‐MS), to identify serum protein biomarkers in infants with hepatitis syndrome resulting from HCMV. Fifteen protein peaks were distinctly different among the four groups in the mass range from 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Of these 15 peaks, 4 at 4,349.8, 5,808.7, 7,935.6, and 8,885.9 Da were significantly different between the congenital HCMV‐infected infants with hepatitis and the controls. Five peaks were distinctly up‐regulated in the infants with HCMV infection (3,266.8, 5,638.5, 5,909.1, 7,771.4, and 15,835.6 Da) compared to those without HCMV infection. Two proteins at 4,600.1 and 5,704.3 were up‐regulated in infants with HMCV infection but no hepatitis. Four protein peaks were markedly different (7,567.0, 13,744.8, 15,100.7, and 15,915.0 Da) between the infants with hepatitis and the other controls. Comparison of the differentially expressed proteins' properties with those available on an international database suggest that specific serum proteins such as the augmenter of liver regeneration, pre‐albumin, and haptoglobin closely related to liver function, and cytokines such as beta‐defensins 31 and 8, and macrophage‐derived chemokine, among others, are involved in HMCV infection and the pathogenesis of HMCV‐induced hepatitis in infants. J. Med. Virol. 79:1500–1505, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RANKL/OPG/TRAIL plasma levels and bone mass loss evaluation in antiretroviral naive HIV‐1‐positive men
Authors: Gibellini Davide , Borderi Marco , De Crignis Elisa , Cicola Ronny , Vescini Fabio , Caudarella Renata , Chiodo Francesco , Re Maria Carla 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOsteopenia and osteoporosis are common in HIV‐1‐infected individuals and represent a challenge in clinical and therapeutic management. This report investigated osteopenia/osteoporosis in a group of 31 antiretroviral naive HIV‐1‐positive men and the role of specific molecules belonging to TNF and the TNF‐receptor family in HIV‐1‐related bone mass loss. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of NF‐κb‐ligand (RANKL), and the TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) were significantly increased in the plasma of antiretroviral naive HIV‐1‐positive patients compared to a control group of healthy blood donors. In addition, TRAIL and RANKL plasma concentrations were positively correlated to HIV‐1‐RNA viral load. Measurement of bone mineral density in 20 out of 31 HIV‐1‐positive subjects disclosed osteopenia/osteoporosis in 40% of these patients. The antiretroviral naive HIV‐1‐positive subjects with low bone mineral density had a decreased plasma OPG/RANKL ratio and a plasma RANKL concentration >500 pg/ml. Together, these data indicate that plasma concentrations of specific factors involved in bone homeostasis were increased during HIV‐1 infection and that RANKL and OPG/RANKL ratio deregulation may be involved in osteopenia/osteoporosis occurring in antiretroviral naive HIV‐1 individuals. J. Med. Virol. 79:1446–1454, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blending Chitosan with Polycaprolactone: Porous Scaffolds and Toxicity
Authors: Sarasam Aparna R. , Samli Afshan I. , Hess Linda , Ihnat Michael A. , Madihally Sundararajan V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of porous scaffolds from chitosan‐PCL blends by freeze extraction, freeze gelation and freeze drying is reported. Using freeze extraction, stable structures were obtained only from PCL, but these were not porous. No stable scaffolds were obtained using the freeze gelation process. Stable scaffolds of chitosan/PCL mixtures could not be obtained using 77% acetic acid by any of these techniques. With 25% aqueous acetic acid, stable scaffolds of chitosan/PCL mixtures were obtained by the freeze drying technique. The stability and pore morphology of freeze dried scaffolds were dependent on the relative mass ratio of chitosan and PCL. A chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that formed 3D chitosan/PCL mixtures were not toxic to vasculature.magnified image
Polythiophene‐graft‐Styrene and Polythiophene‐graft‐(Styrene‐graft‐C60) Copolymers
Authors: Chen Xiwen , Gholamkhass Bobak , Han Xu , Vamvounis George , Holdcroft Steven 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) was quantitatively brominated and subsequently used in the Suzuki cross‐coupling with a boronic ester of a nitroxide to form a macroinitiator bearing a TEMPO group on each thienyl ring. This macroinitiator initiated the nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of styrene and 4‐chloromethylstyrene (CMS), and subsequently reacted with C60 to yield soluble graft, rod‐coil polymers. Films of the polymers display a bi‐continuous phase structure as revealed by AFM. Similar polymers, in which only a fraction of the thienyl units boasted C60‐bearing side chains, displayed optical properties representative of extensive π‐delocalization. The potential application of this methodology for the synthesis of graft polymers for photovoltaic devices is discussed.magnified image
Effects of profit‐reducing policies on firm survival, financial performance, and new drug introductions in the research‐based pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Filson Darren , Masia Neal 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe introduce a computational model of the evolution of a value‐maximizing research‐based pharmaceutical firm and parameterize it using estimates of R&D costs, profit distributions, and candidate attrition rates. We use the model to estimate how the probability of surviving and covering the costs of R&D depends on R&D scale and the policy regime. In the model, even small reductions in profitability have substantial impacts on firm success and innovation, but the effects may not be visible to consumers for many years. Smaller and newer firms are most vulnerable to reductions in the rewards for innovation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new type of magnification system in free microvascular tissue transfer: Varioscope M5
Authors: Chiummariello Stefano , Fioramonti Paolo , Menichini Giulio , Scuderi Nicolò , Alfano Carmine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFree microvascular tissue transfers have become today a key instrument for the surgical treatment of wide loss of tissue. These procedures can provide definitive treatment in a single operation but they are expensive and require specialized practitioners. The operating microscope traditionally has provided this requirement; our study is focusing on the prospect of using a new visual system—Varioscope M5—in the reconstructive microsurgery field. Varioscope M5 (Life Optics, Vienna, Austria) has been employed in 21 microvascular anastomoses, where different free flaps were used in head and neck reconstruction. The necessity to operate in a different department, not provided with an operating microscope, brought along the idea of exploring an alternative procedure to classical visualization systems. Specific advantages such as reduced cost, freedom of movement, autofocus, minimal upkeep, a variable range of magnification from 2× to 9× are some of the reasons that convinced the authors to use this new type of magnification system. Increasing interest in microsurgery magnification highlights the need for further technical development in that field. We consider Varioscope M5 a future mean of anastomotic magnification in most free‐tissue transfers with specific characteristics that combine the microscope and loupe philosophies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Management and functional outcomes of combined injuries of flexor tendons, nerves, and vessels at the wrist
Authors: Noaman Hassan H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA retrospective review of 42 patients with spaghetti wrist lacerations operated on by the author between June 1997 and May 2005 was completed. A total of 31 males and 11 females, average age of 17.1 years (range, 2–40 years), sustained spaghetti wrist injuries. The most frequent mechanisms of injury were accidental glass lacerations (55%), knife wounds (24%), and electrical saw injuries (11%). An average of 9.16 structures was injured, including 6.95 tendons, 1.4 nerves, and 0.8 arteries. The most frequently injured structures were median nerve (83%), flexor digitorum superficialis 2‐4 tendons (81%), flexor digitorum profundus 2‐4 tendons (66%), ulnar nerve and ulnar artery (57%), and flexor pollicis longus (40%). Combined flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar nerve, and ulnar artery (ulnar triad) injuries occurred in 31%, while combined median nerve, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis injuries (radial triad) occurred in 43%. Simultaneous injuries of both median and ulnar nerves occurred in 40.5%. Simultaneous injuries of both ulnar and radial arteries occurred in 14%. Neither artery was injured in 30.9%. Follow‐up has ranged from 1 to 8 years, with an average of 46 months. Only four patients have been completely lost to follow‐up. Range of motion of all involved digits (tendon function) was excellent in 34 patients, good in 3 patients, and poor in only 1 patient. Opposition was excellent in 31 patients, good in 5 patients, and poor in 2 patients. Intrinsic muscle recovery was subjectively reported to be excellent in 29 patients, good in 7, and fair to poor in 2 patients. Minor deformity (partial clawing) was reported in 4 patients and 1 patient has major deformity (total clawing). Sensory recovery was reported, excellent in 32 patients, good in 5 patients, and fair in only 1 patient. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
A Simplified Model for Prediction of Molecular Weight Distributions in Ethylene‐Hexene Copolymerization Using Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts
Authors: Thompson Duncan E. , McAuley Kim B. , McLellan P. James 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA simplified steady‐state model has been developed to predict molecular weight distributions and average compositions of ethylene‐hexene copolymers produced using heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts in gas‐phase reactors. The model uses a simplified reaction scheme to limit the number of parameters that must be estimated. The number of parameters is further reduced by assuming that different types of active sites share common rate constants for some reactions. Estimates of kinetic parameters are obtained using deconvolution analysis of industrial copolymer samples produced using a variety of isothermal steady‐state operating conditions. The parameter estimates should prove useful as initial guesses for future parameter estimation in a non‐isothermal model.magnified image
Growth inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate‐soluble fraction of Cynara cardunculus L. in leukemia cells involves cell cycle arrest, cytochrome c release and activation of caspases
Authors: Nadova S. , Miadokova E. , Mucaji P. , Grancai D. , Cipak L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn extract of artichoke Cynara cardunculus L. (CCE) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties. In this study, the ability of CCE to inhibit the growth of L1210 and HL‐60 leukemia cells was studied. Treatment of leukemia cells with a variety of concentrations of CCE (500–2500 µg/µL) for 24 h resulted in dose‐dependent inhibition of leukemia cell growth. The cell growth inhibition was accompanied by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and by a loss of cells in S phase. Futhermore, apoptosis detected as a sub‐G0 cell population and apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed. More detailed analyses of apoptosis induced by CCE in HL‐60 cells revealed that apoptosis progressed through the caspase‐9/‐3 pathway, as release of cytochrome c, caspase‐9/‐3 activations and specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase. Taken together, the results suggest that CCE exerts an antiproliferative activity on leukemia cells and induces apoptosis of these cells through a mitochondrial/caspase dependent pathway. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.