bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkali Metal and Trimethylsilyl Carbamoselenothioates – Synthesis, Structure, and some Reactions
Authors: Kawai Kohji , Ibi Kazumasa , Ebihara Masahiro , Kato Shinzi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and some reactions of potassium, rubidium, cesium and trimethylsilyl carbamoselenothioates. The potassium salts were synthesized in 70–80 % yields by reacting the corresponding thiocarbamoyl chlorides with potassium selenide in acetonitrile. Furthermore, the rubidium and cesium salts were obtained in good yields by treating the trimethylsilyl esters with the corresponding metal fluorides. The crystal structure of acetonitrile‐solvated potassium N,N‐dimethylcarbamoselenothioate consisted of dimeric units, featuring μ‐carbamoselenothioate anions associated with potassium cations that are located on the upper and lower sides of a plane involving two opposing carbamoselenothioate groups. These heavier alkali metal salts readily reacted with alkyl halides to give both S‐ and Se‐alkyl esters. The reaction of the potassium salts with trimethylsilyl chlorides forms S‐ and Se‐trimethylsilyl carbamoselenothioates which are in equilibrium. The reaction of the salts and silyl esters with organo Group‐14 and ‐15 elements halides gave exclusively the corresponding Se‐substituted products in good yields.
Improved Synthesis of the [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl3] Anion: Facile Isolation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Vock Carsten A. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReaction of [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl2]2 with two equivalents of [Ph4P][Cl] in CH2Cl2 yields [Ph4P][Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl3], containing a trichlororuthenate(II) anion. In solution, an equilibrium between the product and [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl2]2 is observed, which in CDCl3 is nearly completely shifted to the dimer, whereas in CD2Cl2 essentially a 1:1‐mixture of the two ruthenium species is present. Crystallization from CH2Cl2/pentane yielded two different crystals, which were identified by X‐ray analysis as [Ph4P][Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl3] and [Ph4P][Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl3]·CH2Cl2.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of New Palladium(II) and Platinum(IV) Trialkylsulfonium Compounds
Authors: Heß David , Gorlov Mikhail , Fischer Andreas , Kloo Lars 
Published: March 2007

Abstract The reactions of platinum(II) iodide with triethyl‐ or trimethylsulfonium iodide in acetonitrile solution lead to the formation of crystalline products (Et3S)2[PtI6] (1) and [Me3S]2[PtI6]·CH3CN (2), respectively. The formation of Pt(IV) complexes may be explained either by disproportionation of PtI2 or oxidation by oxygen. Palladium(II) iodide reacts with triethylsulfonium iodide to give the palladium(II) complex (Et3S)2[PdI4] (3). The crystal structures of 1–3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the crystal structures, the compounds 2 and 3 exhibit an extensive hydrogen‐bonding network.
Über die Identität eines sogenannten Ammoniumcarbonat‐Präparates
Authors: Kuhn Norbert , Ströbele Markus , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOn the Identity of a so‐called Ammonium Carbonate SampleCommercial samples of so‐called “ammionum carbonate” are shown to contain ammonium carbamate rather than ammonium carbonate. In fact samples may contain varying quantities of α‐ and β‐(NH4)(CO2NH2), of which only the α‐phase is reported in the literature. Mixtures of both phases tend to leak the volatile α‐phase and to react with moisture to form (NH4)(HCO3). The crystal structure of the new β‐(NH4)(CO2NH2) is refined from X‐ray powder data.
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Nickel(II) Radical Heterospin Complex with Salicylaldoxime
Authors: Ma Yue , Zhang Wei , Xu Gong‐Feng , Yoshimura Kazuyoshi , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui , Yan Shi‐Ping 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel heterospin complex containing both NiII and nitroxide radical ligands: [Ni(salox)2(NIT4Py)2] (1) (salox = salicylaldoxime, NIT4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐ tetramethyl‐imidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The structure consists of neutral Ni(salox)2(NIT4Py)2 moieties bridged by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, forming a one‐dimensional chain structure. Magnetic measurements show intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions between NIT4Py and Ni2+ ion.
Giant Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Doglietto Giovanni B. , Tortorelli Antonio P. , Papa Valerio , Rosa Fausto , Bossola Maurizio , Prete Francesco P. , Covino Marcello , Pacelli Fabio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundRetroperitoneal sarcomas (RS) are a rare group of malignant soft‐tissue tumors; due to the flexibility of the retroperitoneum, they generally grow to a large size before becoming symptomatic, often involving surrounding structures. Therefore, the surgeon is frequently compelled to perform large excisions. The aim of this study is to assess clinical and pathological factors affecting prognosis in patients with RS who underwent surgical treatment, comparing giant forms (size ≥ 25 cm) with smaller ones (size < 25 cm).MethodsThe hospital records of 73 consecutive patients who underwent surgical exploration for primary RS at our unit between 1984 and 2003 were reviewed. Statistical analysis of factors influencing overall and disease‐free survival was performed including both the whole group of patients and only those who underwent complete surgical resection.ResultsGiant RS showed a lower resectability rate than smaller forms (54.2% vs. 84.2%, P = 0.005). In the group with complete surgical excision (51 out of 73), patients with giant RS had a higher rate of adjacent organ resection compared with the smaller ones (84.2% vs. 53.1%, P = 0.023). Tumor size did not influence prognosis: after complete resection, 5‐year overall survival was 60.9% and 56.3% for giant RS and smaller forms respectively, while 5‐year disease‐free survival was 54.3% and 48.3% for the two groups respectively. Advanced stage, incomplete gross surgical resection, higher tumor grade, non‐liposarcoma histology and microscopic infiltration of margins were found to be significantly negative prognostic factors.ConclusionsThe present study confirms the importance of aggressive surgical management for RS, in order to offer these patients the best chance of long‐term survival.
Comparison of AngioJet Rheolytic Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy versus AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy in a Porcine Peripheral Arterial Model
Authors: Lin Peter H. , Mussa Firas F. , Hedayati Nasim , Naoum Joseph J. , Zhou Wei , Yao Qizhi , Kougias Panagiotis , El Sayed Hosam F. , Chen Changyi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntroductionRheolytic thrombectomy using the AngioJet catheter for arterial thrombosis has been shown to be effective in restoring blood flow. Additional infusion of thrombolytic agents via the AngioJet catheter results in combined rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PMT), which further enhances thrombectomy efficacy. However, the histologic response to rheolytic PMT therapy remains unclear. This study compares the acute and chronic vessel wall response and hemolysis due to conventional AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) and AngioJet PMT in the porcine peripheral arterial model.MethodsA total of 19 juvenile pigs were divided into acute and chronic groups. In the acute group (n = 6), bilateral common carotid, femoral, and iliac arteries ranging from 3 to 6 mm in diameter were randomized to the control RT group or to PMT therapy. Vessels were analyzed 4 days following interventions. In the chronic group (n = 5), bilateral common carotid, femoral, and iliac arteries ranging from 3 to 6 mm in diameter were randomized to the control RT group or to PMT therapy. Vessels were analyzed at 30 days following interventions. Hemolytic evaluation was performed in additional eight pigs, which were randomized to either RT or PMT intervention.ResultsIn the acute group, similar histologic injury grades were noted between the RT‐ and PMT‐treated femoral and iliac vessels. Endothelial denudation in the RT and PMT vessels were 43% and 39% (NS), respectively. Vessels with intact internal elastic lamina (IEL) in the RT and PMT groups were 54% and 57% (NS), respectively. In vessels < 4 mm in diameter, fractured IEL in the AT and PMT groups occurred in 23% and 27% (NS), respectively. The degrees of smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss were similar for the RT‐ and PMT‐treated vessels (45% and 40%, respectively; NS). In the chronic group, no differences were seen between the RT and PMT groups with respect to endothelial denudation, IEL fracture rate, or SMC loss. Similar degrees of medial thickening or intimal hyperplasia were noted in the RT and PMT groups (49% and 43%, respectively; NS). No difference in hemolytic effect was noted in the treatment groups.ConclusionsAngioJet rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy treatment incurs an equivalent safety profile in medium‐caliber peripheral arteries when compared to rheolytic thrombectomy treatment. No difference in hemolytic reaction occurred in either group. The observed clinical efficacy of rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy does not result in untoward vessel injury compared to conventional rheolytic thrombectomy therapy.
The impact of maternal employment on breast-feeding duration in the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Hawkins Summer Sherburne , Griffiths Lucy Jane , Dezateux Carol ,   Catherine Law and the Millennium Cohort Study Child Health Group
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship of maternal employment characteristics, day care arrangements and the type of maternity leave pay to breast-feeding for at least 4 months.DesignCohort study.SettingBabies aged 9 months in the Millennium Cohort Study, born between September 2000 and January 2002.SubjectsA total of 6917 British/Irish white employed mothers with singleton babies.ResultsMothers employed part-time or self-employed were more likely to breast-feed for at least 4 months than those employed full-time (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30 (1.17–1.44) and 1.74 (1.46–2.07), respectively). The longer a mother delayed her return to work postpartum, the more likely she was to breast-feed for at least 4 months (Pfor trend < 0.001). Mothers were less likely to breast-feed for at least 4 months if they returned to work for financial reasons (aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.93) or used informal day care arrangements rather than care by themselves or their partner (aRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.91). Mothers were more likely to breastfeed for at least 4 months if their employer offered family-friendly (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) or flexible work arrangements (aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55), or they received Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) plus additional pay during their maternity leave rather than SMP alone (aRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.26). These findings were independent of confounding factors, such as socio-economic status and maternal education.ConclusionsCurrent policies may encourage mothers to enter or return to employment postpartum, but this may result in widening inequalities in breast-feeding and persistence of low rates. Policies should aim to increase financial support and incentives for employers to offer supportive work arrangements.
Adjusted population attributable fractions and preventable potential of risk factors for childhood obesity
Authors: Toschke André Michael , Rückinger Simon , Böhler Eva , Von Kries Rüdiger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveA number of individual risk factors for childhood obesity have been identified, but only some of these are amenable to prevention. To assess the amount of cases in a general population attributable to these risk factors, adjusted population-attributable fractions were estimated.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingObligatory school entry examination in 2001/2002 in six Bavarian communities (Germany).Subjects5472 children at age 5–6 years.MeasuresAnthropometric measures were ascertained by public health nurses, and measures concerning sociodemographics, lifestyle and child behaviour such as child's daily meal frequency were obtained with self-administered parental questionnaires. Obesity was defined according to sex- and age-specific body mass index cut-off points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. Adjusted population-attributable fractions were calculated based on logistic regression.ResultsA combination of the risk factors low meal frequency, decreased physical activity, watching television >1 h day− 1, formula feeding and smoking in pregnancy accounted for 48.2% of obese children. This combination yielded a maximal achievable prevalence reduction of 1.5% for obesity (3.2% observed prevalence).ConclusionsA modification of five known risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity could reasonably lower obesity prevalences at school entry. These risk factors should be particularly considered in decision making on preventive measures.
Draft changes issued on key U.S. environmental law
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: March 2007

A U.S. Congressional task force proposed 22 changes to the National Environmental Policy Act in a draft report issued on 21 December 2005 (see Eos 86(48), 2005).The changes include redefining what is a ‘major federal action’ under the law and, thus, subject to NEPA review. In addition, the report would modify the public participation process so that local groups and individuals have more influence, and restrict who can bring lawsuits under NEPA.
Australian university proposes academic program changes
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: March 2007

The University of Melbourne in Australia has adopted a 10‐year plan to create a U.S.‐style of education where undergraduate university students would first have to complete a three‐year general degree in science or the arts before being allowed to continue onto graduate or professional studies. Unlike in the United States, most Australian students are able to move from secondary school directly into professional studies.A major change for Earth science students would be the replacement of the one‐year Bachelor of Science Honours with a two‐year Masters program. According to Janet Hergt, head of the university's School of Earth Sciences, the longer program could allow students more time to develop and complete research projects, and would provide them with a better understanding of Ph.D.studies.
Ocean drilling vessel gets overhaul
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: March 2007

After 20 years of ocean drilling, the research vessel JOIDES Resolution is getting a complete overhaul, including a new name, before it goes back into service in mid‐2007.A 50 percent increase in laboratory space and the addition of new instrumentation will allow scientists to analyze core samples onboard. Improvements to the drilling system and the ship's hull and machinery will increase both the rate at which cores can be obtained and their quality. Scientists and crew will also benefit from a renovation of the staterooms, which will be expanded to accommodate 23 additional people.
Census of coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: March 2007

Three oceanographic institutions are collaborating to conduct a global census of coral reef ecosystems in order to evaluate species abundances and their vulnerabilities to human stressors, the groups announced on 23 JanuaryThis project, called CReefs, is managed by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, and the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
NASA's Genesis crash blamed on design flaw
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: March 2007

NASA's Genesis spacecraft was launched in 2001 with the mission of returning samples of solar wind particles to Earth, but the return capsule's parachute did not deploy, and the capsule crashed into the Utah desert on 8 September 2004. That crash now can be attributed to a design flaw, according to a report released on 13 June.An investigation into the incident revealed that a sensor was inverted during the design process, and this design flaw was not detected by several review processes. Because of the flaw in the sensor, the sample return capsule was unable to sense its deceleration as it descended through the atmosphere and did not deploy its parachute.
Sound Images of the Ocean in Research and Monitoring
Authors: Coffin Mike 
Published: March 2007

Call me Moby. The dream of every marine acoustician and seismologist is to image the ocean, the seafloor, and the subseafloor from the perspective of a whale's ear or, if the abyss weren't utterly dark, a fish's eye.Peter Wille's ambitious and remarkable, yet idiosyncratic compilation of sound translated into visual images of the ocean realm is perhaps the next best thing. The meat of the volume and accompanying CD‐ROM consists of 452 mostly fascinating, mostly color images, all helpfully indexed at the start of the book, representing the contributions of more than 120 scientists from 22 nations. Those latter two numbers produce shudders and tics, if not migraines, in anyone who's ever assembled a volume involving contributions from even an order of magnitude fewer contributors.
Witnesses urge Law of Sea ratification
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: March 2007

To better manage the nations oceans, the United States should establish a national ocean policy and ratify the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, several witnesses testified at a 3 August hearing before the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcomittee on National Ocean Policy Study.“Our oceans are in crisis,” said Leon Panetta, co‐chair of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative. Panetta cited several issues threatening oceans, including ocean acidification, increasing amounts of pollution, lost wetlands, depleted fisheries, invasive species, and a fragmented U.S. governance system.
Scientific drilling project on Russia's Mutnovsky Volcano
Authors: Eichelberger John , Kiryukhin Alexey 
Published: March 2007

What is the relationship between volcanoes that ring the Pacific plate and hydrothermal systems? A typical geometry consists of a stratovolcano or dome complex with fumaroles at the summit and hydrothermal manifestations on its flank. Analogous subsurface mineralization is porphyry copper deposits flanked by shallow copper‐silver‐gold acid‐sulfate deposits and base metal veins.Possible reasons for this association are (1) flow of magmatic gas and heat from the volcano's conduit mixing with meteoric water; (2) dikes extending from or feeding toward the volcano that extend well beyond the surface edifice; or (3) peripheral hot intrusions that are remnants of previous volcanic episodes and unrelated to current volcanism.
Reply to Comment on “Bathymetric survey images structure off Sumatra”
Authors: Ladage Stefan 
Published: March 2007

As we understand the comment by J. N. Murdock on our article “Bathymetric survey images structure off Sumatra,” he wishes to point out that in our ongoing studies of the western Sumatra margin, we should consider an unconventional “blind thrust model” instead of a “megathrust model.”First, we would like to remark that we reported on new bathymetric data, which by itself does not allow for interpretation of deep‐seated subsurface structures. A discussion on megathrusting or not at the plate interface is beyond the scope of our article. We would further like to point out that in what Murdock calls a “conventional plate model of convergence,” blind thrusts are actually common features and known from accretionary prisms worldwide. In fact, many of the folds visible in the bathymetry offshore Sumatra will have developed above blind thrusts, especially the younger ones where the thrusts have not yet propagated through the core of the anticline up to the seafloor.
Evolution of a man‐made plume in coastal waters
Authors: Steinmaus Karen L. , Bowles Jeffrey , Woodruff Dana , Donato Timothy , Rhea William J. , Snyder William , Korwan Dan , Miller Lee , Petrie Greg , Maxwell Adam R. , Hibler Lyle 
Published: March 2007

The ability to understand the biogeophysical parameters that create ocean color in coastal waters is fundamental to exploiting remote sensing for coastal applications. The apparent color, which is the upwelling radiance of large water bodies is determined by the absorption and scattering of light caused by the water, the organic and inorganic material contained in the water, and the bottom, when the albedo is high enough and the water is shallow enough.Bio‐optical oceanography measures and models the interaction of the light field with the biological and nonbiological constituents of natural waters. One goal of optical oceanography is to be able to use measured radiance to identify and quantify water constituents, referred to as inherent optical properties (IOPs). Linking optical properties with measured water quality parameters often is made through radiative transfer models, in which the light field is modeled through the water and all of its constituents. This modeling is done to evaluate optical closure, which is the ability to accurately predict the upwelling radiance resulting from a known set of constituents.
Ocean research plan reviewed
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: March 2007

A draft plan setting out priorities for U.S. ocean research generally was lauded for its clear and well‐articulated view in a recent report from a committee of the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) of the US. National Academies. However, the committee advised that the plan would benefit from a bold vision for the future of ocean science research, additional details, and a reorganization to include cross‐cutting research.The draft “Charting the Course for Ocean Science in the United States: Research Priorities for the Next Decade” was made available for public comment in September 2006 by the U.S. National Science and Technology Council's Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology.
The historic fur trade and climate change
Authors: Varekamp Johan C. 
Published: March 2007

Why did the Dutch come to the North American shores 400 years ago? Was it wanderlust, expansionist policies, or simply money? The earliest western explorers were the Vikings who, in the 1100s, were able to sail beyond Iceland and Greenland to Newfoundland, because they did so during the Medieval Warm Period. English explorer Henry Hudson, on the other hand, could not find a northern passage to China because the early 1600s were the coldest part of the Little Ice Age and the northern seas were frozen over (Figure 1).After Hudson's third voyage, Dutch merchants contracted several sailors to establish trading posts for beaver pelts in the Americas. Among them was Adriaen Block, who built the first western settlement on the island of Manhattan (New York) after a fire on his ship forced him to over‐winter there in 1614 [Varekamp and Varekamp, 2006]. His 1614 ‘figurative map’ shows Long Island Sound as an estuary, and introduced for the first time the name ‘Niew Nederlandt’ (New Netherlands).