bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism with prostate cancer risk, clinicopathological features and recurrence of prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Huang Shu‐Pin , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Chen Jun , Chen Yun‐Yun , Yu Chia‐Cheng , Wu Tony T. , Wang Jyh‐Seng , Lee Ying‐Huei , Huang Jong‐Khing , Huang Chun‐Hsiung , Wu Ming‐Tsang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism on susceptibility to prostate cancer and the outcome of the disease in a Taiwanese population, we genotyped a total of 416 prostate cancer patients, 502 age‐matched male controls and 189 non age‐matched symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although we did not find a significant association between VDR FokI genotypes and overall prostate cancer risk, we found that in men aged less than or equal to the median age of 73 years with VDR FokI F allele specifically had an increased risk of prostate cancer with a marginal significant trend (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.00–4.34, p for trend = 0.056). The FF genotype was also highly associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score 8–10) (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.20–5.08) than did the Ff and ff genotypes. After adjusting other covariates, we found that in patients who had localized prostate cancer for which a radical prostatectomy was performed (n = 131), the VDR FokI FF genotype was associated with worse prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.32–8.00, p = 0.010). Our findings suggest that the VDR FF genotype may increase the risk of early‐onset prostate cancer and is associated with more aggressive disease. Furthermore, the VDR polymorphism could be used as a prognostic marker for localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobility and integration sites of a murine C57BL/6 melanoma endogenous retrovirus involved in tumor progression in vivo
Authors: Pothlichet Julien , Mangeney Marianne , Heidmann Thierry 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTumor development is a multistep process in which both genetic and epigenetic events cooperate for the emergence of a malignant clone with metastatic properties. The possibility that endogenous retroviruses promote the expansion of a neoplastic clone by subverting immunosurveillance has been proposed and recently demonstrated in the case of the B16 murine melanoma, which spontaneously express the melanoma‐associated retrovirus (MelARV). Indeed, knocking down, by RNA interference, this endogenous retrovirus resulted in the rejection of the tumor cells in immunocompetent mice, without any alteration of their transformed phenotype. Here, we characterize the MelARV proviruses present in the B16 melanoma. Complete sequencing of the viral genomic RNA and characterization of the integration sites within both the B16 tumor cells and a subline selected in vivo for increased metastatic activity disclosed mobility of the element with new proviral insertions targeting critical genes and altering their transcriptional profile. The results show that MelARV can act both at the genetic level, inducing mutations by insertion, and at the epigenetic level, promoting immunosuppression of the host. These properties may as well be relevant to human tumors, such as germline tumors and melanoma, where endogenous retroviruses are active. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interspecies in vitro metabolism of the phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitor L‐454,560
Authors: Bateman Kevin P. , Trimble Laird , Chauret Nathalie , Silva Jose , Day Stephen , Macdonald Dwight , Dube Daniel , Gallant Michel , Mastracchio Anthony , Perrier Helene , Girard Yves , Nicoll‐Griffith Deborah 
Published: May 2006

AbstractL‐454,560 is a potent phospodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor which was identified as a development candidate for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As part of the discovery of this compound, interspecies in vitro metabolism data was generated using liver microsomes and hepatocytes in order to understand the metabolic fate of the compound. In microsomes, metabolism of the 3‐methyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring was the predominant pathway observed, including ring cleavage. In rat hepatocytes, hydroxylation of the methyl group on the oxadiazole ring and double‐bond isomerization were the most abundant metabolites observed. No major species differences were found in terms of microsomal metabolite profiles. The use of LC with UV and MS detection is highlighted, as well as information from tandem mass spectrometry and NMR. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A validated method for the determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma using solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Insook , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma was developed and validated. Analytes and deuterated internal standards were extracted from human plasma using solid‐phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometric detection with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively, for all analytes. Linearity ranged from 2.5 to 500 ng/ml of human plasma using a weighting factor of 1/x; correlation coefficients for the calibration curves were > 0.99. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy were < 15.0%. Recoveries were 108.2–110.8% nicotine, 95.8–108.7% cotinine, 90.5–99.5% trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and 99.5–109.5% norcotinine. The method was also partially validated in bovine serum, owing to the difficulty of obtaining nicotine‐free human plasma for the preparation of calibrators and quality control (QC) samples. This method proved to be robust and accurate for the quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma collected in clinical studies of acute nicotine effects on brain activity and on the development of neonates of maternal smokers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation into the effect of number of trials during proprioceptive testing in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Selfe James , Callaghan Michael , McHenry Alec , Richards Jim , Oldham Jackie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the number of test trials in the assessment of knee joint position sense, in a group of patellofemoral patients, and second, to investigate the effects of joint angle and type of test. Thirty‐two patients with a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome were admitted to this study. Knee joint position sense was measured by performing an ipsilateral matching activity at target angles of 20° and 60° using two techniques; Passive Angle Reproduction (PAR), and Active Angle Reproduction (AAR). The results show that five repetitions are required for AAR and six for PAR. A two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.559) in the accuracy of angle reproduction for the two angles (60° and 20°); however, there was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the two types of test (AAR and PAR). The results of this study have implications for clinicians and researchers who examine knee joint proprioception as part of functional assessment in a variety of knee joint pathologies including PFPS. A “quick” one‐off assessment of knee joint position sense may give erroneous data; subjects need to have several trials before a true picture of their proprioceptive status emerges. Type of testing performed, active or passive, is also important, although the angle of testing may not be relevant. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1218–1224, 2006
Longitudinal quantitative evaluation of lesion size change in femoral head osteonecrosis using three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and image registration
Authors: Takao Masaki , Sugano Nobuhiko , Nishii Takashi , Miki Hidenobu , Sato Yoshinobu , Tamura Shinichi , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIt remains controversial whether some lesions of femoral head osteonecrosis regress during the natural course of the disease. With image registration, accurately matched image sets of the same subject can be acquired at different times. We applied image registration to evaluate lesion size change and assessed accuracy and usefulness compared to volume measurements and a conventional method. We also investigated whether lesions regress with this technique and with volume measurements. Baseline and 1 year minimum follow‐up scans were conducted on 25 patients (31 hips) without radiological evidence of collapse. A three‐dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence was used in the coronal direction (slice thickness = 2 mm; slice pitch = 1 mm). Size change was evaluated on all contiguous pairs of matched images after image registration. As a conventional method, coronal images (slice thickness = 5 mm) were reconstructed, and size change was evaluated on the five representative coronal slices. Evaluation with the conventional method identified eight lesions with apparent reduction; assessments using image registration and volume measurements identified three lesions, all within a year of initial steroid treatment and remaining at ARCO stage I at follow up. Evaluation of lesion size change using image registration was comparable to volume measurements. Inaccurate estimation of lesion size change due to mismatching of slice planes can be excluded. We demonstrated that some early lesions detected less than a year after initial steroid treatment can show size reduction with image registration as well as with volume measurements. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1231–1239, 2006
Alterations in surface geometry in retrieved polyethylene glenoid component
Authors: Braman Jonathan P. , Falicov Alexis , Boorman Richard , Matsen Frederick A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study characterized and quantified the changes found in retrieved glenoid polyethylene components found at revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Twenty components obtained at revision TSA were evaluated, all from a system (Global, DePuy, Warsaw, IN) with a glenoid radius of curvature 3 mm greater than that of the humeral head. Laser surface scanning provided three‐dimensional analysis of the surface of the glenoid component. Scans of unused components of similar sizes enabled determination of the changes occurring after implantation. Alterations in radius of curvature were noted in every glenoid. All showed loss of the balance stability angle (BSA, the maximal angle that the net humeral joint reaction force can make with the glenoid center line before the humeral head would dislocate) of at least 5° in one or more directions. Increase in BSA in one direction was seen in 11 of the components. In five of these, the increase was associated with a reduction of the local radius to match that of the humeral component. Glenoid surface morphology and stability can be changed by in vivo use. While correlation with clinical instability in the patients from whom the implants were obtained was not possible, many of the observed changes in surface morphology are of sufficient magnitude to compromise the contribution of the glenoid surface to shoulder stability. Three patterns of wear were identified: “humeral” that showed loss of the mismatch between the humeral and glenoid radii of curvature (5 of 20 components), “diffuse” that showed broad surface irregularity (18 of 20), and “rim” wear with loss of the polyethylene rim of the component (14 of 20). More than one type of wear was possible within a single glenoid. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1249–1260, 2006
Nerve endings of the wrist joint: A preliminary report of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Authors: Lin Yu‐Te , Berger Richard A. , Berger Evelyn J. , Tomita Kazunari , Jew Jean Y. , Yang Chao , An Kai‐Nan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAs part of an investigation of the articular nerve ending populations in the wrist joint capsule associated with the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves, this study addresses the nerve ending population in the dorsal radiocarpal ligament. The ligaments were harvested from four wrists of two fresh cadavers within 12 h of death. Tissues were fixed, cryostat sectioned, and processed for fluorescence immunohistochemistry using antibody to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a general or pan neuronal marker, and a secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorescent tag (Alexa Fluor 488). The sections were evaluated with a confocal laser microscope and an image analyzer. Labeled nerve endings were mapped, measured, and categorized. Type I (Ruffini‐like ending), Type III (Golgi‐like tendon organ) and Type IV (noncorpuscular) nerve endings could be identified in all four DRC ligaments, with Types I and IV dominating. These receptors were distributed primarily over the superficial two thirds of the ligament (>80%), and near the bony attachments (>70%). The dorsal radiocarpal ligament has a rich sensory innervation from the posterior interosseous nerve terminating in nerve endings located in the superficial two‐thirds of the ligaments, primarily near bony attachment sites. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1225–1230, 2006
Doxorubicin induces cell senescence preferentially over apoptosis in the FU‐SY‐1 synovial sarcoma cell line
Authors: Joyner David E. , Bastar Jeffrey D. , Randall R. Lor 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSurgical resection coupled with adjuvant radiotherapy and/or doxorubicin based chemotherapy are the mainstays of synovial sarcoma (SS) treatment. Although effective as a SS adjuvant, the proposed mechanism of action of doxorubicin remains controversial. Current opinion supports DNA damage‐induced apoptosis. This in vitro study used cDNA gene expression profiling to investigate whether apoptosis, alone or in combination with cell senescence, is induced by doxorubicin in SS cells. Cell cultures of the FU‐SY‐1 SS, the pleomorphic SW982 sarcoma, and a primary dermal fibroblast (NHDF), were exposed to 500 nM doxorubicin, and then processed for cDNA microarray analysis. The one class response option of SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) was used to test for significant overexpression of 15 apoptosis‐related genes and nine senescence‐related genes. Drug‐induced cell senescence was quantified by measuring β‐galactosidase activity. None of 15 apoptosis‐related genes and only two of nine senescence‐related genes were identified by SAM as significantly overexpressed in doxorubicin‐treated cultures. Drug‐induced senescence as reflected by β‐galactosidase activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) only in FU‐SY‐1 SS cultures. Apoptosis does not appear to be a major determinant of doxorubicin‐induced mortality in FU‐SY‐1 SS or NHDF cultures, but may impact SW982 cells via the overexpression of BAX relative to Bcl‐2. Doxorubicin‐induced cell senescence was prominent in FU‐SY‐1 SS cultures, but negligible in SW982 and NHDF cultures. Likely, both apoptosis and cell senescence contribute to doxorubicin‐induced cell death in this synovial sarcoma cell line. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1163–1169, 2006
Moderate soft tissue trauma delays new bone formation only in the early phase of fracture healing
Authors: Claes Lutz , Maurer‐Klein Nikola , Henke Thomas , Gerngross Heinz , Melnyk Mark , Augat Peter 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a moderate soft tissue trauma to the course of fracture healing in a standardized animal model. Thirty‐eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into a fracture group (F, n = 19) and a group with a fracture and a soft tissue trauma (F + STT, n = 19). The fracture and the soft tissue trauma were created using an impact device with a standardized energy. All fractures were stabilized by two Kirschner wires. Three rats were measured for blood flow and sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7, and 14, and seven rats at day 28, from both groups. A three‐point bending test was performed on the healed tibia after 28 days. During the first 24 h there was a reduction in blood flow, which was more pronounced in the F + STT group than in the F group. From histological sections, the shape of the callus formation, as well as the tissue distribution of newly formed bone, fibrous cartilage and fibrous connective tissue were determined. Distinctly more periosteal new bone formed and a larger callus formed at days 3 and 7 in group F compared to group F + STT. However, by days 14 and 28, the ossification and overall callus size no longer showed differences between the two groups. A fast recovery of blood flow and callus formation took place in the F + STT group, which led to similar histological and biomechanical results in fracture healing observed after 28 days between the two groups. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1178–1185, 2006
Endochondral growth in growth plates of three species at two anatomical locations modulated by mechanical compression and tension
Authors: Stokes Ian A.F. , Aronsson David D. , Dimock Abigail N. , Cortright Valerie , Beck Samantha 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSustained mechanical loading alters longitudinal growth of bones, and this growth sensitivity to load has been implicated in progression of skeletal deformities during growth. The objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between altered growth and different magnitudes of sustained altered stress in a diverse set of nonhuman growth plates. The sensitivity of endochondral growth to differing magnitudes of sustained compression or distraction stress was measured in growth plates of three species of immature animals (rats, rabbits, calves) at two anatomical locations (caudal vertebra and proximal tibia) with two different ages of rats and rabbits. An external loading apparatus was applied for 8 days, and growth was measured as the distance between fluorescent markers administered 24 and 48 h prior to euthanasia. An apparently linear relationship between stress and percentage growth modulation (percent difference between loaded and control growth plates) was found, with distraction accelerating growth and compression slowing growth. The growth‐rate sensitivity to stress was between 9.2 and 23.9% per 0.1 MPa for different growth plates and averaged 17.1% per 0.1 MPa. The growth‐rate sensitivity to stress differed between vertebrae and the proximal tibia (15 and 18.6% per 0.1 MPa, respectively). The range of control growth rates of different growth plates was large (30 microns/day for rat vertebrae to 366 microns/day for rabbit proximal tibia). The relatively small differences in growth‐rate sensitivity to stress for a diverse set of growth plates suggest that these results might be generalized to other growth plates, including human. These data may be applicable to planning the management of progressive deformities in patients having residual growth. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1327–1334, 2006
Expression of survivin and correlation with PCNA in osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Wenji , Luo Huiying , Wang Aiqin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurvivin is a new anti‐apoptosis gene with reported expression during fetal development and in cancer tissues. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is essential for the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In this experiment, we examined the expression of survivin and PCNA in human osteosarcoma tissues and investigating whether survivin and PCNA expressions were correlated with histological grades, histological types, and patients' clinical characteristics.MethodsSixty‐eight osteosarcoma samples were divided into two groups based on the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expression of survinin and PCNA. Four histological types and patients' clinical characteristics were also recorded.ResultsThere were abundant levels of survivin and PCNA immunoreactivity in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the osteosarcoma cells. All cells essentially revealed the cytoplasmic localization and the nuclear signals of survivin in same cases, while PCNA from the majority of cases predominantly showed nuclear expression. Scoring on the percentage of positive cells indicated that survivin expression was significantly associated with the PCNA‐labeling index (LI), which was correlated with the histological grades of osteosarcoma (χ2 = 17.86 and χ2 = 23.75, respectively).ConclusionsThe expression of survivin can be used as a useful indicator in grading the malignancy of osteosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:578–584. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can axillary dissection be avoided in patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis?
Authors: Katz Angela , Niemierko Andrzej , Gage Irene , Evans Sheila , Shaffer Margaret , Fleury Thomas , Smith Frederick P. , Petrucci Peter E. , Flax Richard , Drogula Cynthia , Magnant Colette 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundWho should undergo a completion dissection following identification of a +sentinel lymph node (SLN) is controversial.MethodsThe records of 1,133 patients who underwent SLN mapping were reviewed. The association between patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and the presence of +SLNs and +nonSLNs was analyzed using two‐way tables of frequency counts and Pearson χ2 test. Possible predictors of +SLNs and +nonSLNs were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression.ResultsOne thousand one hundred forty‐eight SLN procedures were performed. 367 procedures (32%) yielded +SLNs. For patients with a +SLN, on multiple logistic regression analysis LVSI, increasing numbers of +SLNs, decreasing numbers of negative SLNs, and increasing size of the largest SLN metastasis were statistically significantly associated with increased likelihood of nonSLN involvement. No subgroup was identified that did not have a significant rate of nonSLN involvement on completion axillary dissection, except those who had a large number of negative SLNs (≥3) and small size of the largest SLN metastasis (<10 mm).ConclusionsA definitive answer to the question of who needs a completion axillary dissection awaits the results of ongoing trials. In the interim, our data does not support eliminating dissection for any subgroup of patients with +SLNs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:550–558. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.