bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for post-treatment hypogonadism in testicular cancer patients.
Authors: Eberhard Jakob , Ståhl Olof , Cwikiel Magdalena , Cavallin-Ståhl Eva , Giwercman Yvonne , Salmonson Eva Cecilia , Giwercman Aleksander 
Published: March 2008

ObjectivesTesticular germ-cell cancer (TGCC) patients are at risk of developing hypogonadism but no risk factors have yet been defined.MethodsBlood was collected from 143 TGCC patients (after orchidectomy, prior to further therapy (T0) and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months (T6, T12, T24, T36 and T60) after therapy). Biological hypogonadism (BH) was defined as: serum testosterone below 10 nmol/l and/or LH >10 IU/l; odds ratios (ORs) for BH with BH at T0, age, stage of disease, testicular characteristics, and androgen receptor polymorphism as predictors were calculated as well as the OR for developing BH post-treatment (one to two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) versus three to four cycles of higher dose chemotherapy (HCT) versus adjuvant radiotherapy (RT)).ResultsHCT increased the OR for BH at T6 (OR 22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4–118) and T12 (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.5–22). RT increased the OR at T6 (OR 10, 95% CI 2.1–47) and at T12 (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.1–14). Microlithiasis predicted BH at T0 (OR 11, 95% CI 1.2–112), T12 (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.1–13), T24 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.8), T36 (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.7–17) and T60 (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.2–16). BH at T0 was a risk for BH at T6 (OR 53, 95% CI 19–145), T12 (OR 125, 95% CI 37–430), T24 (OR 88, 95% CI 26–300) and T36 (OR 121, 95% CI 32–460).ConclusionsIt is clinically relevant that BH at T0 and testicular microlithiasis were predictive factors for post-treatment BH. HCT and RT gave temporary BH.
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is not commonly associated with mutations in the acid labile subunit gene.
Authors: Banerjee I , Hanson D , Perveen R , Whatmore A , Black G C , Clayton P E 
Published: March 2008

ObjectivesConstitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is a common clinical condition that may be inherited as an autosomal dominant, recessive or X-linked trait. However, single-gene defects underlying CDGP have not yet been identified. A small number of children (to date 10) with modest growth failure and in the majority delayed puberty, a phenotype similar to that of CDGP, have been reported to carry mutations in the IGF acid labile subunit (IGFALS) gene which encodes the ALS, a part of the ternary complex carrying IGF-I in the circulation. The aim of our study was to screen a well-characterised CDGP cohort exhibiting a range of growth retardation and pubertal delay for pathogenic sequence variants inIGFALS.Design and methodsWe used denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) to screen forIGFALSmutations in DNA samples from 90 children (80 males) with CDGP of predominantly White European origin. DNA fragments generating abnormal waveforms were directly sequenced.ResultsNoIGFALSmutation was identified in the coding sequences or exon–intron boundaries in our CDGP cohort. One abnormal waveform pattern in dHPLC in 15 children with CDGP was found to represent a recognised synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism of the coding transcript in the second exon in residue 210 ofIGFALS.ConclusionsIGFALSsequence variants are unlikely to be a common association with pubertal delay in children with CDGP.
Serum concentrations of atherogenic proteins neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 are significantly lower in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: hint of a protective mechanism?
Authors: Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Livadas Sarantis , Kandarakis Stylianos A , Margeli Alexandra , Papassotiriou Ioannis 
Published: March 2008

BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been considered as important mediators of vascular remodeling and plaque instability. The formation of a complex with NGAL and MMP-9 is crucial for atherotic plaque erosion and thrombus formation. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the incidence of cardiovascular clinical events is not increased, despite the fact that they display a wide spectrum of risk factors. Since the instability of atherosclerotic plaque is a key factor in the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, molecules challenging the plaque stability should be investigated.AimTo determine serum levels of NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL complex in women with PCOS.Subjects and methodsPCOS subjects (40) were compared with those (40) matched for age and body mass index (BMI) controls. In each subject, fasting levels of glucose, insulin, gonadotropins, estradiol, androgens, C-reactive protein, NGAL, and MMP-9/NGAL were determined.ResultsNGAL and MMP-9/NGAL complex levels were significantly lower in the PCOS group compared with controls (30.4±24.3 vs 70.7±37.9 μg/l, P<0.0001) and (31.5±26.6 vs 115.1±66.9 μg/l, P<0.0001) respectively. When patients and controls were stratified according to BMI, it was shown that NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL levels were significantly lower in lean (P<0.0002 and P<0.0001 respectively) and overweight (P<0.0004 and P<0.002 respectively) PCOS subjects compared with controls.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL complex, two molecules that activate atherotic plaque erosion, is in lower concentrations in PCOS subjects. The role of NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL complex needs to be further investigated, since suppression of these atheromatous molecules might have a protective role in women with PCOS.
Expression of ghrelin gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma ghrelin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Authors: Mager Ursula , Kolehmainen Marjukka , de Mello Vanessa D F , Schwab Ursula , Laaksonen David E , Rauramaa Rainer , Gylling Helena , Atalay Mustafa , Pulkkinen Leena , Uusitupa Matti 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveWe examined the expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and evaluated the effect of weight loss or exercise on plasma ghrelin concentrations in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.Design and methodsData from 75 overweight/obese subjects randomized to a weight loss, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or control group for a 33-week intervention period were analysed. The plasma ghrelin concentrations and indices of insulin and glucose metabolism were assessed, and mRNA expression of ghrelin, its receptors and various cytokines in PBMCs was studied using real-time PCR.ResultsGhrelin and GH secretagogue receptor 1b were expressed in PBMCs of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Ghrelin gene expression correlated positively with the expressions of tumour necrosis factor-α (P<0.001), interleukin-1β (P<0.001) and interleukin-6 (P=0.026) during the study, but was not associated with the plasma ghrelin concentration. Genotype-specific ghrelin gene expression in PBMCs was found for the −604G/A and the −501A/C polymorphisms in the ghrelin gene. At baseline, the plasma ghrelin levels were associated with fasting serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity index and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, longitudinally weight, BMI or waist circumference and acute insulin response in i.v. glucose tolerance test were stronger predictors of the ghrelin concentration. Plasma ghrelin did not change over the study period in the weight reduction group, but it tended to decrease in the control group (P=0.050).ConclusionsGhrelin mRNA expression in PBMCs suggests an autocrine role for ghrelin within an immune microenvironment. Moderate long-term weight loss may prevent a decline in ghrelin concentration over time in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Detection and Grading of Radiographic Hand Osteoarthritis Using an Automated Machine Learning Platform
Authors: Caratsch Leo , Lechtenboehmer Christian , Caorsi Matteo , Oung Karine , Zanchi Fabio , Aleman Yasser , Walker Ulrich A. , Omoumi Patrick , Hügle Thomas 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveAutomated machine learning (autoML) platforms allow health care professionals to play an active role in the development of machine learning (ML) algorithms according to scientific or clinical needs. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate such a model for automated detection and grading of distal hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 13,690 hand radiographs from 2,863 patients within the Swiss Cohort of Quality Management (SCQM) and an external control data set of 346 non‐SCQM patients were collected and scored for distal interphalangeal OA (DIP‐OA) using the modified Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) score. Giotto (Learn to Forecast [L2F]) was used as an autoML platform for training two convolutional neural networks for DIP joint extraction and subsequent classification according to the K/L scores. A total of 48,892 DIP joints were extracted and then used to train the classification model. Heatmaps were generated independently of the platform. User experience of a web application as a provisional user interface was investigated by rheumatologists and radiologists.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of this model for detecting DIP‐OA were 79% and 86%, respectively. The accuracy for grading the correct K/L score was 75%, with a κ score of 0.76. The accuracy per DIP‐OA class differed, with 86% for no OA (defined as K/L scores 0 and 1), 71% for a K/L score of 2, 46% for a K/L score of 3, and 67% for a K/L score of 4. Similar values were obtained in an independent external test set. Qualitative and quantitative user experience testing of the web application revealed a moderate to high demand for automated DIP‐OA scoring among rheumatologists. Conversely, radiologists expressed a low demand, except for the use of heatmaps.ConclusionAutoML platforms are an opportunity to develop clinical end‐to‐end ML algorithms. Here, automated radiographic DIP‐OA detection is both feasible and usable, whereas grading among individual K/L scores (eg, for clinical trials) remains challenging.
Out‐Of‐Phase Articulation Strategy of CsPbBr3/CsPb2Br5 Perovskite for High Sensitivity X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Wan Changmao , Wang Zihan , Zhang Hui , Tie Shujie , Liang Zheng , Xu Huifen , Ma Yuanbo , Wang Zhengyu , Zheng Xiaojia , Pan Xu , Ye Jiajiu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolycrystalline CsPbBr3 perovskite materials exhibit exemplary stability, and desirable optoelectronic characteristics are promising for direct X‐ray detection. In this study, polycrystalline 2D phase of CsPb2Br5 hinged on CsPbBr3 is investigated for X‐ray array detector. The incorporation of CsPb2Br5 will modify the carrier transport environment, acting as an amplification factor that significantly enhances carrier mobility and response sensitivity. Finally, the devices demonstrates excellent performance growth. Carrier mobility of CsPbBr3 is improved by a significant 2 orders of magnitude, leading to the sensitivity increased from 2.64 × 104 to 2.58 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at a bias voltage of 25 V mm−1. Even at a low bias voltage of 2 V mm−1, still got the value of 3.075 × 103 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, accompanied by a notable increase in the minimum detection limit of 127.9 nGyair s−1 at 0.5 V. Furthermore, a high modulation transfer function (MTF) of 1.57 lp mm−1 is obtained, and achieved a clear and high contrast X‐ray imaging with 64 × 64 TFT board. The perovskite exhibits outstanding light stability (RH ≈ 70 ± 5%) in the atmosphere following the introduction of 2D phase. This excellent carrier transport effect and good long‐term stability present significant commercial potential.
Activable Nano‐Immunomodulator Assembled from π‐Extended Naphthalenediimide for Precision Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhong Wenbin , Yuan Wei , Chen Yun , Ma Zhaoyu , Ma Mengmeng , Tan Brynne Shu Ni , Yang Jie , Zhao Yanli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA nano‐immunomodulator (R‐NPT NP) comprising a tumor microenvironment (TME) activable resiquimod (R848) and a π‐extended NIR‐absorbing naphthophenanthrolinetetraone (NPT) has been engineered for spatiotemporal controlled photothermal immunotherapy. R‐NPT NP demonstrated excellent photostability, while R848 promoted synergistic immunity as a toll‐like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist. Upon accumulation at the tumor site, R‐NPT NP released R848 in response to redox metabolite glutathione (GSH), triggering dendritic cell (DC) activation. The photothermal effect endowed by R‐NPT NP can ablate tumors directly and trigger immunogenic cell death to augment immunity after photoirradiation. The synergistic effect of GSH‐liable TLR7/8 agonist and released immunogenic factors leads to a robust evocation of systematic immunity through promoted DC maturation and T cell infiltration. Thus, R‐NPT NP with photoirradiation achieved 99.3 % and 98.2 % growth inhibition against primary and distal tumors, respectively.
Light Induced Proton Coupled Charge Transfer Triggers Counterion Directional Translocation
Authors: Chang Kai‐Hsin , Yang Yu‐Hsuan , Su Kuan‐Hsuan , Chen Yi , Lin Ta‐Chun , Li Jian‐Liang , Liu Zong‐Ying , Shi Jing‐Han , Wang Tzu‐Fang , Chang Yi‐Tyng , Demchenko Alexander P. , Yang Hsiao‐Ching , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate directed translocation of ClO4− anions from cationic to neutral binding site along the synthetized BPym‐OH dye molecule that exhibits coupled excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer (ESIPT) and charge‐transfer (CT) reaction (PCCT). The results of steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy together with computer simulation and modeling show that in low polar toluene the excited‐state redistribution of electronic charge enhanced by ESIPT generates the driving force, which is much stronger than by CT reaction itself and provides more informative gigantic shifts of fluorescence spectra signaling on ultrafast ion motion. The associated with ion translocation red‐shifted fluorescence band (at 750 nm, extending to near‐IR region) appears at the time ~83 ps as a result of electrochromic modulation of PCCT reaction. It occurs at substantial delay to PCCT that displayed fluorescence band at 640 nm and risetime of <200 fs. Thus, it becomes possible to visualize the manifestations of light‐triggered ion translocation and of its driving force by fluorescence techniques and to separate them in time and energy domains.
Beyond Tertiary Amines: Introducing Secondary Amines by Palladium/Norbornene‐Catalyzed Ortho Amination
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhu Qi , Dong Guangbin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince the discovery of the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE)‐catalyzed ortho amination in 2013, escaping the limitation of only yielding tertiary anilines has been a long‐standing challenge. Here, we describe that, by carefully choosing the phosphine ligand and NBE mediator, the installation of a N‐mono‐alkylamino group becomes feasible. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aryl iodide substrates and various N‐mono‐tertiary alkylamine‐derived electrophiles. Both ipso alkenylation and alkynylation can be realized. The synthetic utility of this method is exemplified by the formation of primary amino group via selective deprotection and streamlined access to N‐heterocycles. Preliminary success of installing a bulky N‐secondary alkylamino group and a mechanistic understanding of the decomposition pathways of mono N‐alkylamine electrophiles have been obtained.
Catalytic Access to Diastereometrically Pure Four‐ and Five‐Membered Silyl‐Heterocycles Using Transborylation
Authors: Willcox Dominic R. , Cocco Emanuele , Nichol Gary S. , Carlone Armando , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilyl‐heterocycles offer a unique handle to expand and explore chemical space, reactivity, and functionality. The shortage of catalytic methods for the preparation of diverse and functionalized silyl‐heterocycles however limits widespread exploration and exploitation. Herein the borane‐catalyzed intramolecular 1,1‐carboboration of silyl‐alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydrosilolyl and silylcyclobut‐2‐enyl boronic esters. Successful, catalytic carboboration has been achieved on a variety of functionally diverse silyl‐alkynes, using a borane catalyst and transborylation‐enabled turnover. Mechanistic studies, including 13C‐labelling, computational studies, and single‐turnover experiments, suggest a reaction pathway proceeding by 1,2‐hydroboration, 1,1‐carboboration, and transborylation to release the alkenyl boronic ester product and regenerate the borane catalyst.
Germaaluminocenes—Masked Heterofulvenes
Authors: Geibel Nadeschda , Bührmann Lukas , Albers Lena , Schmidtmann Marc , Weiz Alexander , Müller Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGermaaluminocenes are formed by salt metathesis reactions of dipotassium germacyclopentadienediides with pentamethylcyclopentadienylaluminum dichloride. The reactivity pattern of these sandwich complexes is determined by the electrophilic central aluminum atom and by the nucleophilic dicoordinated germanium center. Surprisingly, the products formed by reactions with Lewis acids, Lewis bases, amphiphiles and compounds with polar double bonds are those expected from the reaction of a hypothetical aluminagermapentafulvene with these types of reagents. This suggests that germaaluminocenes are synthetic equivalents to these pentafulvenes.
Habitat characterization, anthropogenic impacts and conservation of rhodolith beds off southeastern Malta
Authors: Tabone Luke , Knittweis Leyla , Aguilar Ricardo , Alvarez Helena , Borg Joseph A. , Garcia Silvia , Schembri Patrick J. , Evans Julian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rhodolith beds, including maerl, are structurally complex perennial habitats that support a high species diversity but are threatened by numerous human activities, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea. Despite their global ecological importance, increased research efforts are needed to facilitate development of effective measures to conserve these habitats.
Two areas hosting rhodolith beds are known to occur off the coast of Malta (central Mediterranean), but only one has been previously studied. Through analysis of video footage collected from 56 different stations coupled with a desk study on human activities, the present study characterized the rhodolith bed located off the southeastern coast of Malta, including its extent, rhodolith morphotype composition, associated megabiota and impacts of anthropogenic activities thereon.
The bed occurred at depths of 60–95 m and covered an area of approximately 200 km2, making it the second most extensive rhodolith area reported for the Mediterranean to date. It was dominated by spherical and branched rhodoliths whose cover reached a maximum of 74% but was more often <50%, similar to other Mediterranean rhodolith beds. A total of 84 different megafaunal species were recorded, suggesting that the diversity of megafauna associated with rhodolith bed habitats has been previously underestimated. A number of human activities, including extensive vessel anchoring and officially designated areas for aquaculture, bunkering and trawling, overlap with the mapped rhodolith distribution, highlighting the risk of habitat degradation.
A holistic approach to the management of all the competing activities and interests relative to the southeastern coast of Malta that gives due consideration to this newly characterized rhodolith bed and the threats it faces is therefore recommended. The legal framework and policy recommendations for better conservation of rhodolith bed habitats in the Mediterranean and European Seas are also discussed.
An Air‐Stable Storage Compound for White Phosphorus: Reversible Addition to a Stannylene and Chemical Release of P4
Authors: Steller Beate G. , Roller Clara A. , Flock Michaela , Fischer Roland C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractControlled insertion into a single P−P bond of white phosphorus (P4) was achieved by employing a diaryl stabilized stannylene, Ar*2Sn (Ar*=2,6‐bis(benzhydryl)‐4‐iPr‐phenyl). Conversions of the stannylene with P4 gave a non‐pyrophoric, air‐stable storage compound, which releases P4 quantitively upon irradiation with light (354 or 455 nm). Alternatively, the phosphorus cage is detached by reacting the storage compound with PhChChPh (Ch=Se, Te). Despite the recent advances in the directed conversion of P4 using main group element compounds, Ar*2Sn constitutes only the second structurally characterized example of a stannylene capable of performing controlled, reversible addition and release of white phosphorus.
Recent Advances in Photosensitizer Materials for Light‐Mediated Tumor Therapy
Authors: Chen Minle , Zhu Qianru , Zhang Zhenzhen , Chen Qiushui , Yang Huanghao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) as an emerging therapeutic method has drawn much attention in the treatment field for cancer. Photosensitizer, which can convert photon energy into cytotoxic species under light irradiation, is the core component in PDT. The design of photosensitizers still faces problems of light absorption, targeting, penetration and oxygen dependence. With the rapid progress of material science, various photosensitizers have been developed to produce cytotoxic species for treatment of tumor with high selectivity, safety, and noninvasiveness. Besides, the applications of photosensitizers have been expanded to diverse cancer treatments such as drug release, optogenetics and immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of photosensitizers in various therapeutic methods for cancer. Prevailing challenges and further prospects associated with photosensitizers are also discussed.
Regional economic aspects of carbon markets and anaerobic digesters in the USA: the case of swine production
Authors: Dumortier Jerome , Crespi John , Hayes Dermot J. , Burress Molly , Valcu‐Lisman Adriana , Lewandrowski Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe USA has significant potential to produce energy from anaerobic digesters (AD) due to the size of its agricultural sector. The use of ADs reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure management. The financial benefits to farmers come from the on‐farm use, or off‐farm sales, of biogas and its end products, namely renewable natural gas (RNG) or electricity. Current energy prices and policies in the USA are insufficient to trigger large‐scale construction of ADs; however, payments to avoid GHG emissions and sequester carbon could become sufficiently high to prompt investment. This analysis quantifies the economic incentives necessary for the construction of ADs for swine producers and can easily be expanded to include other feedstocks. Various end‐use pathways to produce RNG and electricity are considered to account for location, herd size, and other parameters to deliver a comprehensive analysis for the USA. The analysis and results are composed of a generic part to illustrate the effects of carbon payment on profitability in general as well as a specific analysis for states representing 83.6% of the US hog inventory. Our results indicate that carbon payments would be a stronger determinant than energy prices in farm‐level decisions to install ADs, but that energy prices would be influential in determining the optimal biogas end use. The potential need for long‐term contracts – both for energy and carbon payments – to reduce investment uncertainty and increase investment in ADs is also discussed.