bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Interaction of BSA with Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Rostami E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe interactions between dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDPC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an aqueous solution (pH = 7.0, 0.001 M HEPES buffer) were studied by fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. These categories of surfactants were used to elucidate the effect of hydrophilic group and length of hydrophobic chain surfactant on the mechanism of binding to BSA. The result revealed that for all surfactants, at low concentrations, the Stern‐Volmer plots have an upward curvature and in high concentrations, the quenching efficiency was decreased with increase in surfactant concentration. The activation energy of the interaction between cationic surfactants and BSA was measured. The results of CD show that the conformation of BSA has been changed in the presence of cationic surfactants.
Experimental Study on Bubble Rising and Descending Velocity Distribution in a Slurry Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Zhang Li‐j. , Li T. , Ying W.‐y. , Fang D.‐y. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo determine bubble rising and descending velocity simultaneously, a BVW‐2 four‐channel conductivity probe bubble parameters apparatus and its analysis are used in gas‐liquid and gas‐liquid‐solid bubble columns. The column is 100 mm in internal diameter and 1500 mm in height. The solid particles used are glass beads with an average diameter of 17.82 μm, representing typical particle size for catalytic slurry reactors. The effects of superficial gas velocity (1.0 cm/s ≤ Ug ≤ 6.4 cm/s), solid holdup (0 % ≤ ϵs ≤ 30 %), and radial location (r/R = 0, 0.4, and 0.7) on bubble velocity distributions are determined. It is found that increasing Ug can increase the velocity of bubbles but do not exert much influence on bubble velocity distribution. Solid holdup mainly affects the distribution of bubble velocity while the radial direction affects bubble velocity distribution only slightly. The ratio of descending bubbles to rising bubbles increases from the bubble column center to the wall. It can be proved experimentally that large bubbles do not always rise faster than small bubbles at higher Ug (for example 6.4 cm/s).
Recent Synthetic Applications of Manganese in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Concellón José M. , Rodríguez‐Solla Humberto , del Amo Vicente 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhile the organometallic compounds derived from many metals have found a broad application in organic synthesis, the use of organomanganese compounds has only recently been developed due to the passivity exhibited by commercial Mn in the direct metalation of organic compounds. In this Concept article, we highlight the potential of manganese and its organometallic compounds in organic synthesis by illustration of the studies previously reported by others and our laboratory in this field. Based on the transformations reported herein, organomanganese compounds could become important tools in the future of the organic synthesis, due to their high selectivity.
Structure–Reactivity Relationship in Alkane Metathesis Using Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Alkene Metathesis Catalyst Precursors
Authors: Blanc Frédéric , Thivolle‐Cazat Jean , Basset Jean‐Marie , Copéret Christophe 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlkane metathesis can be performed by using well‐defined silica‐supported alkene metathesis catalyst precursors as long as the coordination sphere of the metal centre contains both alkyl and alkylidene groups, such as in [(SiO)Mo(NAr)(CHtBu)(CH2tBu)]. This system transforms mainly linear alkanes, from propane to hexane, into their lower and higher homologues. Mechanistic studies clearly show that alkene metathesis is a key step of this reaction and also suggest that this system is a single‐site single‐component system, namely, alkenes are formed and transformed on one site, which is in contrast to that observed with a mixture of catalysts.
Enantioselective addition of phenylacetylene to N‐aryl arylimines catalyzed by Cu(II)‐pyridine containing N‐tosylatedaminoimine ligand complex
Authors: Liu Bao , Zhong Yao , Li Xingshu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChiral tridentate N‐tosylated pyridine‐containing ligands were prepared and used in the Cu(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective addition of phenylacetylene to N‐aryl arylimines. Moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee) were obtained in very mild reaction conditions. Chirality, 2008. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of enantiopure 2‐(aminoalkyl)phenol derivatives and their application as catalysts in stereoselective reactions
Authors: Cimarelli Cristina , Palmieri Gianni 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEnantiopure 2‐(aminoalkyl)phenol derivatives are an interesting class of compounds widely used in homogeneous ligand accelerated catalysis. A series of practical and convenient methods available for their preparation are revised, together with the methodologies for the determination of their configuration. The uses of these compounds in metal catalysed asymmetric reactions in the addition of dialkyl zinc reagents to aldehydes and in the reduction of ketones with borane are described. Moreover 2‐(aminoalkyl)phenol derivatives have found use also as chiral shift reagents for carboxylic acids. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer‐Aided Design and Synthesis of Nonpeptidic Plasmepsin II and IV Inhibitors
Authors: Luksch Torsten , Chan Nan‐Si , Brass Sascha , Sotriffer Christoph A. , Klebe Gerhard , Diederich Wibke E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPlasmepsins (Plm) II (EC number: 3.4.23.39) and IV (EC number: 3.4.23.B14) are aspartic proteases present in the food vacuole of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and are involved in host hemoglobin degradation. Based on our established efficient synthetic sequence, a series of inhibitors for Plm II and IV has been synthesized bearing a 2,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐azepine scaffold as the core structural element. During the computational design cycle, thorough investigations were carried out in order to find a reasonable theoretical binding mode for Plm II and IV. The conformation of Plm II in the crystal structure (PDB code: 1LF2) provides a good starting geometry for our virtual screening approach. In contrast, the only available co‐crystal structure for Plm IV of P. falciparum (PDB code: 1LS5) appears inappropriate for inhibitor design. Therefore, a homology model was constructed based on the Plm II 1LF2 structure. A combinatorial docking run using FlexXc suggested compounds which, after synthesis, turned out to exhibit affinities in the sub‐micromolar range. The observed structure–activity relationships of the synthesized compounds confirm the assumed binding mode for Plm II and IV. The best‐binding inhibitors designed for Plm II and IV are devoid of any inhibitory potency against human cathepsin D (EC number: 3.4.23.5).
Expression of kin of irregular chiasm‐like 3/mKirre in proprioceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and its interaction with nephrin in muscle spindles
Authors: Komori Tadasuke , Gyobu Hiroaki , Ueno Hiroo , Kitamura Toshio , Senba Emiko , Morikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractKin of irregular chiasm‐like 3 (Kirrel3), a mammalian homolog of the kirre gene of Drosophila melanogaster, belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Previously, we have reported that Kirrel3 is expressed in the developing and adult central nervous system. In the present study we investigated the expression of Kirrel3 in the mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their projection targets. In the adult DRGs, Kirrel3 mRNA was detected in 21.5 ± 2.3% of total DRG neurons and the expression was mainly prevalent in the medium‐ and large‐sized neurons. In addition, Kirrel3 mRNA predominantly colocalized with tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) C‐immunoreactivity. In the developing DRGs, Kirrel3 mRNA was first detected in a few cells at embryonic day (E) 11.5, gradually increased, and reached the adult level at E17.5. During the development, Kirrel3 was expressed in most TrkC‐positive DRG neurons. The expression of Kirrel3 was observed in TrkC‐positive nerve fibers around neurotrophin 3 (NT3)‐positive intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles at E17.5. However, Kirrel3 was not expressed in TrkC‐positive nerve fibers projecting to the spinal cord throughout development. Furthermore, nephrin was expressed in the NT3‐positive intrafusal muscle fibers and was in close apposition with Kirrel3‐immunoreactivity. Coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that nephrin interacted with Kirrel3 in the developing muscles. These results suggest that Kirrel3 might play a role in the axonal pathfinding, cell recognition, and synapse formation of DRG neurons on appropriate target cells, including the targeting of proprioceptive neurons on muscle spindles through the interaction with nephrin. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:92–108, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient Photoconversion Distorts the Fluorescence Lifetime of GFP in Confocal Microscopy: A Model Kinetic Study on Mutant Thr203Val
Authors: Jung Gregor , Werner Michael , Schneider Marc 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPhototransformations of autofluorescent proteins are applied in high‐resolution microscopy and in studying cellular transport, but they are detrimental when accidentally occurring in blinking or photobleaching (BL). Here, we investigate the kinetics of phototransformations of a photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (GFP) in confocal microscopy. Photoconversion (PC) is achieved by excitation of the barely present anionic chromophore state Req− in the GFP mutant Thr203Val. Besides the shift of the equilibrium between the neutral chromophore state RH and Req−, the photoconverted anionic chromophore RPC− exhibits a reduced fluorescence lifetime τfl=2.2 ns. In fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, τfl is found to depend, however, on the excitation conditions and history. The underlying photochemistry is described by the kinetic scheme of consecutive reactions, Req−→RPC−→Pdark, in which the anionic chromophore species and the dark protein Pdark are coupled by PC and BL. Time‐correlated single‐photon‐counting detection in a confocal geometry of freely diffusing species is used to compute the quantum yields for PC and BL, ΦPC and ΦBL. The assessed values are ΦPC=5.5×10−4 and ΦBL>1×10−5. Based on these values, PC provokes misinterpretation in fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments and is responsible for spectroscopic peculiarities in single‐molecule detection.
MIFlowCyt: The minimum information about a flow cytometry experiment
Authors: Lee Jamie A. , Spidlen Josef , Boyce Keith , Cai Jennifer , Crosbie Nicholas , Dalphin Mark , Furlong Jeff , Gasparetto Maura , Goldberg Michael , Goralczyk Elizabeth M. , Hyun Bill , Jansen Kirstin , Kollmann Tobias , Kong Megan , Leif Robert , McWeeney Shannon , Moloshok Thomas D. , Moore Wayne , Nolan Garry , Nolan John , Nikolich‐Zugich Janko , Parrish David , Purcell Barclay , Qian Yu , Selvaraj Biruntha , Smith Clayton , Tchuvatkina Olga , Wertheimer Anne , Wilkinson Peter , Wilson Christopher , Wood James , Zigon Robert , Scheuermann Richard H. , Brinkman Ryan R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA fundamental tenet of scientific research is that published results are open to independent validation and refutation. Minimum data standards aid data providers, users, and publishers by providing a specification of what is required to unambiguously interpret experimental findings. Here, we present the Minimum Information about a Flow Cytometry Experiment (MIFlowCyt) standard, stating the minimum information required to report flow cytometry (FCM) experiments. We brought together a cross‐disciplinary international collaborative group of bioinformaticians, computational statisticians, software developers, instrument manufacturers, and clinical and basic research scientists to develop the standard. The standard was subsequently vetted by the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) Data Standards Task Force, Standards Committee, membership, and Council. The MIFlowCyt standard includes recommendations about descriptions of the specimens and reagents included in the FCM experiment, the configuration of the instrument used to perform the assays, and the data processing approaches used to interpret the primary output data. MIFlowCyt has been adopted as a standard by ISAC, representing the FCM scientific community including scientists as well as software and hardware manufacturers. Adoptionof MIFlowCyt by the scientific and publishing communities will facilitate third‐party understanding and reuse of FCM data. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Inhibition of cell adhesion by xARVCF indicates a regulatory function at the plasma membrane
Authors: Reintsch Wolfgang E. , Mandato Craig A. , McCrea Pierre D. , Fagotto François 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe cytoplasmic tail of cadherins is thought to regulate the strength and dynamics of cell–cell adhesion. Part of its regulatory activity has been attributed to a membrane‐proximal region, the juxtamembrane domain (JMD), and its interaction with members of the p120 catenin subfamily. We show that titration of xARVCF, a member of this family, to the plasma membrane disrupts adhesion in the early embryo. Adhesion can be restored by coexpression of constitutively active Rac, suggesting that intracellular signaling is the primary cause in the loss of adhesion phenotype. Our observations suggest that the recruitment of p120 type catenins to the plasma membrane by the cadherin cytoplasmic tail may create protein complexes, which actively modulate the adhesion “status” of embryonic cells. Developmental Dynamics 237:2328–2341, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A critical evaluation of specific aspects of joint development
Authors: Pitsillides A.A. , Ashhurst Doreen E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSynovial joint formation has been divided into two phases; the formation of the anlagen of the opposing bones and the interzone and the later formation of the joint cavity. Here we review current theories on the mechanism by which these events are achieved in the joints of the developing limb. Developmental Dynamics 237:2284–2294, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iris as a recipient tissue for pigment cells: Organized in vivo differentiation of melanocytes and pigmented epithelium derived from embryonic stem cells in vitro
Authors: Aoki Hitomi , Hara Akira , Motohashi Tsutomu , Chem Huayue , Kunisada Takahiro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRegenerative transplantation of embryonic stem (ES) cell‐derived melanocytes into adult tissues, especially skin that includes hair follicles or the hair follicle itself, generally not possible, whereas that of ES cell‐derived pigmented epithelium was reported previously. We investigated the in vivo differentiation of these two pigment cell types derived from ES cells after their transfer into the iris. Melanocytes derived from ES cells efficiently integrated into the iris and expanded to fill the stromal layer of the iris, like those prepared from neonatal skin. Transplanted pigmented epithelium from either ES cells or the neonatal eye was also found to be integrated into the iris. Both types of these regenerated pigment cells showed the correct morphology. Regenerated pigment epithelium expressed its functional marker. Functional blocking of signals required for melanocyte development abolished the differentiation of transplanted melanocytes. These results indicate successful in vivo regenerative transfer of pigment cells induced from ES cells in vitro. Developmental Dynamics 237:2394–2404, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fungiform papilla pattern: EGF regulates inter‐papilla lingual epithelium and decreases papilla number by means of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling
Authors: Liu Hong‐Xiang , Henson Bradley S. , Zhou Yanqiu , D'Silva Nisha J. , Mistretta Charlotte M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFungiform papillae are epithelial taste organs that form on the tongue, requiring differentiation of papillae and inter‐papilla epithelium. We tested roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the receptor EGFR in papilla development. Developmentally, EGF was localized within and between papillae whereas EGFR was progressively restricted to inter‐papilla epithelium. In tongue cultures, EGF decreased papillae and increased cell proliferation in inter‐papilla epithelium in a concentration‐dependent manner, whereas EGFR inhibitor increased and fused papillae. EGF preincubation could over‐ride disruption of Shh signaling that ordinarily would effect a doubling of fungiform papillae. With EGF‐induced activation of EGFR, we demonstrated phosphorylation in PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK pathways; with pathway inhibitors (LY294002, U0126, SB203580) the EGF‐mediated decrease in papillae was reversed, and synergistic actions were shown. Thus, EGF/EGFR signaling by means of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK contributes to epithelial cell proliferation between papillae; this biases against papilla differentiation and reduces numbers of papillae. Developmental Dynamics 237:2378–2393, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kv11.1 channel subunit composition includes minK and varies developmentally in mouse cardiac muscle
Authors: Wang Xun , Xu Rongzuo , Abernathey Grant , Taylor Jordan , Alzghoul M.B. , Hannon Kevin , Hockerman Gregory H. , Pond Amber L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Kv11.1 (also ERG1) K+ channel underlies cardiac IKr, a current that contributes to repolarization in mammalian heart. In mice, IKr current density decreases with development and studies suggest that changes in the structure and/or properties of the heteromultimeric IKr/Kv11.1 channel are responsible. Here, using immunohistochemistry, we report that total Kv11.1 α subunit protein is more abundant in neonatal heart and is distributed throughout both adult and neonatal ventricles with greater abundance in epicardia. Immunoblots reveal that the α subunit alternative splice variant, Kv11.1a, is more abundant in adult heart while the Kv11.1b variant is more abundant in neonatal heart. Additionally, MinK channel subunit protein is shown to co‐assemble with Kv11.1 protein and is more abundant in neonatal heart. In summary, Kv11.1/IKr channel composition varies developmentally and the higher IKr current density in neonatal heart is likely attributable to higher abundance of Kv11.1/IKr channels, more specifically, the Kv11.1b splice variant. Developmental Dynamics 237:2430–2437, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of TMEM16 paralogs during murine embryogenesis
Authors: Rock Jason R. , Harfe Brian D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe TMEM16 protein family has recently been identified through several different experimental strategies including bioinformatic and microarray‐based approaches. In mice and humans, there exist 10 paralogs with each containing eight putative transmembrane domains and a conserved C‐terminal domain of unknown function. Mutation of at least one member of this family is associated with a human disorder, and several members of this gene family are overexpressed in different types of cancer. Despite their apparent relevance to normal development and disease, little is known about the expression of TMEM16 paralogs during embryonic development. Here, we provide a phylogenetic analysis of mouse and human TMEM16 paralogs and report the expression of Tmem16a, Tmem16b, Tmem16c, Tmem16f, Tmem16h, Tmem16j, and Tmem16k during murine embryogenesis with an emphasis on the respiratory, digestive, skeletal, and integumentary systems. These data should encourage investigations into the functions of TMEM16 paralogs in vertebrate development. Developmental Dynamics 237:2566–2574, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rescue of renal hypoplasia and cystic dysplasia in Bcl‐2 −/− mice expressing Bcl‐2 in ureteric bud derived epithelia
Authors: Kondo Shuji , Oakes Mason G. , Sorenson Christine M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBcl‐2 is the founding member of a family of proteins that influence apoptosis. Loss of bcl‐2 results in renal hypoplasia/cystic dysplasia at birth. Here, we examined whether re‐expression of bcl‐2 throughout the ureteric bud and its derived epithelia would restore a normal renal phenotype in bcl‐2 −/− mice. Re‐expression of bcl‐2 in the ureteric bud/collecting duct of bcl‐2 −/− mice increased nephron numbers, diminished glomerular hypertrophy, and increased nephrogenic zone size. Unlike bcl‐2 −/− mice which have gross renal cyst formation, few renal cysts were present in mice re‐expressing bcl‐2. We have previously shown increased apoptosis and proliferation, as well as aberrant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression, accompanied cystic changes in bcl‐2 −/− mice. These changes were not observed when bcl‐2 was re‐expressed in the ureteric bud/collecting duct system. Thus, expression of bcl‐2 in the ureteric bud/collecting duct resulted in increased nephron numbers partially rescuing renal hypoplasia/cystic dysplasia in bcl‐2 −/− mice. Developmental Dynamics 237:2450–2459, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple regulatory elements mediating neuronal‐specific expression of zebrafish sodium channel gene, Scn8aa
Authors: Wu Si‐Huei , Chen Yau‐Hung , Huang Fong‐Lee , Chang Chuan‐Hsiung , Chang Yi‐Feng , Tsay Huey‐Jen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractZebrafish scn8aa sodium channels mediate the majority of sodium conductance, which is essential for the embryonic locomotor activities. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of scn8aa in developing zebrafish embryos by constructing a GFP reporter driven by a 15‐kb fragment of scn8aa gene designed as scn8aa:GFP. GFP expression patterns of scn8aa:GFP temporally and spatially recapitulated the expression of endogenous scn8aa mRNA during zebrafish embryonic development, with one exception in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. Three novel elements, along with an evolutionarily conserved element shared with mouse SCN8A, modulated neuronal‐specific expression of scn8aa. The deletion of each positive element reduced the expression levels in neurons without inducing ectopic GFP expression in non‐neuronal cells. Our results demonstrate that these four regulatory elements function cooperatively to enhance scn8aa expression in the zebrafish nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 237:2554–2565, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relating cell and tissue mechanics: Implications and applications
Authors: Jakab Karoly , Damon Brook , Marga Françoise , Doaga Octavian , Mironov Vladimir , Kosztin Ioan , Markwald Roger , Forgacs Gabor 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Differential Adhesion Hypothesis (DAH) posits that differences in adhesion provide the driving force for morphogenetic processes. A manifestation of differential adhesion is tissue liquidity and a measure for it is tissue surface tension. In terms of this property, DAH correctly predicts global developmental tissue patterns. However, it provides little information on how these patterns arise from the movement and shape changes of cells. We provide strong qualitative and quantitative support for tissue liquidity both in true developmental context and in vitro assays. We follow the movement and characteristic shape changes of individual cells in the course of specific tissue rearrangements leading to liquid‐like configurations. Finally, we relate the measurable tissue‐liquid properties to molecular entities, whose direct determination under realistic three‐dimensional culture conditions is not possible. Our findings confirm the usefulness of tissue liquidity and provide the scientific underpinning for a novel tissue engineering technology. Developmental Dynamics 237:2438–2449, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.