bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Treatment-Naive People Living with HIV in a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Srivastva Shweta , Chakravarty Jaya , Kushwaha Anurag Kumar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
India has the third-largest number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the world. A national program provides free access to standard uniform antiretroviral therapy. However, the program is not monitored by comprehensive drug resistance surveys. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among treatment-naive PLHIV in a large antiretroviral treatment center of the national program. This cross-sectional study was done in 2017 and involved 200 consecutive treatment-naive PLHIV. A target fragment of 1,306 bp in the reverse transcriptase and protease regions was amplified. Identification of mutations and drug resistance interpretation was done by HIV Genotypic Resistance Interpretation and International Antiviral Society-USA list. Sequencing was successful in 177 samples. The majority (98.8%; 175/177) belonged to subtype C. Nineteen of 177 patients (10.7%; 95% CI: 6.2%–15.3%) had at least one major DRM. The prevalence of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations was 10.2% (18/177). The most frequent mutations were E138A/K, A98G, K103N, V179D, and K101H/E. The prevalence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations was 1.1% (2/177). None of the samples had major protease inhibitor resistance mutations. The prevalence of NNRTI mutations in this study was >10%, crossing the threshold recommended by the WHO to change the NNRTI-based first-line regimen to non–NNRTI based. In 2021, the national program replaced efavirenz with dolutegravir in the first-line regimen of tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz. As the majority (64%) of PLHIV in India are accessing free ART from the national program, this study highlights the need for regular nationally representative drug resistance surveys for optimizing antiretroviral regimens in the program.
Sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional según ISO:45001 en laboratorio cosmético y natural
Authors: Duque Aldaz Francisco , Pazán Gómez Emma , Villamagua Castillo William , López Vargas Armando 
Published: March 2024

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la norma ISO 45001 en la empresa Laboratorios Herbanase, para identificar brechas en su sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional. La metodología implicó la aplicación de un check list a la organización, así como encuestas a trabajadores y clientes. Los resultados evidenciaron incumplimientos significativos en liderazgo y compromiso gerencial, evaluación de riesgos, objetivos y planificación estratégica, gestión de recursos, competencias del personal, comunicación y consulta a los trabajadores. Ello representa falencias críticas que requieren acciones prioritarias para la mejora continua, focalizando esfuerzos en las brechas identificadas. La investigación reviste gran importancia al permitir sentar bases sólidas para implementar ISO 45001, fomentando ambientes laborales seguros y saludables. Como implicaciones futuras, se recomienda profundizar en ciertos factores como participación de trabajadores y preparación ante emergencias. En conclusión, el estudio permitió determinar el nivel de cumplimiento de la empresa con ISO 45001 e identificar áreas clave para la mejora.
Interacción social y la comunicación intercultural en la Comuna Chigüilpe, Cantón Santo Domingo
Authors: Máximo Fernando Tubay Moreira , Freddy Geovanny Macas Pisco , Liliana Ivett Urquiza Mendoza , Wilson Roberto Briones Caicedo 
Published: March 2024

Las interacciones sociales facilitan el intercambio de información constante, dando como resultado nuevos paradigmas en las sociedades interculturales. La presente investigación se planteó como objetivo principal establecer las consecuencias de la interacción social en la comunicación intercultural de la comuna Chigüilpe, en el cantón Santo Domingo, analizando el impacto de la convivencia y las características de las personas que interactúan en la comuna. La búsqueda de la información se desarrolló con el nivel de asociación de variables, que permitió constituir predicciones a través de la intervención de las relaciones entre los contenidos, midiéndose el grado de relación y a partir de ello, determinar tendencias o modelos de comportamiento mayoritario, de modo que la obtención de resultado a través del cuestionario de investigación, contraste la información de la guía de observación y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados de la investigación obtenidos de los nativos Tsáchilas, comprobaron que las interacciones sociales generan ingresos económicos favorables, sin embargo, en el proceso se pierden sus costumbres y
tradiciones, siendo la consecuencia más notable, en la población limitada que existen la actualidad, ya que tanto jóvenes como adultos, prefieren mejorar sus condiciones de vida abandonando el territorio originario de nacimiento y con ellos sus costumbres y tradiciones.
Exploration of Emerging Trends and Paradigms in Leadership and Governance Research and Practice in Thailand
Authors: Kittichat Chakan 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the exploration of emerging trends and paradigms in leadership and governance research and practice
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Emerging trends in Thai leadership and governance highlight a shift towards inclusive decision-making, ethical frameworks, and digital engagement. Sustainability and environmental stewardship are gaining importance, reflecting global concerns. This dynamic landscape blends traditional values with evolving practices.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, complexity leadership theory & adaptive governance theory may be used to anchor future studies on the exploration of emerging trends and paradigms in leadership and governance research and practice. Implementing leadership development programs based on evidence-based practices and theories of effective leadership Developing policies to enhance transparency and accountability in government institutions, such as open data initiatives or whistleblower protection laws.
Influence of Peer Feedback on Motor Skill Learning and Self-Efficacy among Adolescents in Kenya
Authors: Oloo Joan 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to influence of peer feedback on motor skill learning and self-efficacy among adolescents in Kenya
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study on the influence of peer feedback on motor skill learning and self-efficacy among adolescents in Kenya found that peer feedback had a significant positive impact on motor skill learning. Adolescents who received feedback from their peers demonstrated improved motor skill performance compared to those who did not. Additionally, the study revealed that peer feedback also had a positive influence on self-efficacy, with adolescents reporting increased confidence in their motor skill abilities after receiving feedback from their peers
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, self-determination theory & feedback intervention theory may be used to anchor future studies on influence of peer feedback on motor skill learning and self-efficacy among adolescents in Kenya. Peer mentorship programs can create a structured framework for peer feedback and skill development, facilitating a sense of camaraderie and cooperation among adolescents. Educational policymakers should consider incorporating guidelines for peer feedback into curriculum standards for physical education.
Syphilitic Chorioretinitis – two case Reports and Literature Analysis
Authors: Jaworski Damian , Binek Anna , Kałużny Jakub Kałużny , Kałużny Bartłomiej 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionSyphilis, a systemic, sexually transmitted inflammatory disease caused by Treponema pallidum, presents challenges in diagnosis due to its varied manifestations. Ocular syphilis often presents with non-specific symptoms. This study aims to elucidate the diagnostic process through the analysis of two patient cases, including one with HIV co-infection.Material and MethodsThe study evaluated two ocular syphilis cases, diagnosed using comprehensive treponemal (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, enzyme immunoassay) and nontreponemal (venereal disease research laboratory test, rapid plasma reagin test) testing. Factors such asuveitis symptoms, sexual behavior, drug use, previous treatments, and available medical history were considered.ResultsThe results highlight the complexity of ocular syphilis diagnosis. Both cases underscored the need to include ocular syphilis in differential diagnoses for eye infections or inflammations, especially in patients with high-risk behaviors, drug use, or a history of syphilis. The non-specific nature of symptoms necessitates comprehensive testing for accurate diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the importance of considering ocular syphilis in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory eye diseases. A meticulous approach combining both treponemal and nontreponemal tests is crucial for accurate diagnosis. These findings emphasize the need for thorough clinical evaluation and history-taking in patients presenting with ocular symptoms.
Mapping the COVID-19 Anti­‑Vaccination Communities on Facebook in Czechia
Authors: Kaňková Jaroslava , Boomgaarden Hajo G. 
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in opposition to vaccination, hindering herd immunity. As social media play a major role in the formation of anti-vaccination communities, it is critical to monitor the discourse on the platforms to effectively counter the negative sentiment and encourage people to vaccinate. This study employs computational content analysis, specifically topic modeling and time series analysis, to monitor the COVID-19 anti-vaccination communities on Facebook in Czechia. The analysis generated 18 topics with politics, governance, and international affairs being the most discussed, and only five dealt with issues directly related to COVID-19. Discussions about information and its credibility were prevalent, and members of these anti-vaccination communities relied heavily on social media content and conspiracy websites as sources of information, while neglecting scientific resources. The study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of anti-vaccination communities on social media and the development of effective communication strategies to promote vaccination.
Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Osteoarthritis of the Hip, Shoulder, and Ankle
Authors: Barbara Angela M. , Ritchie Lindsay , Severn Melissa 
Published: March 2024

What Is the Issue?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease of the joints, such as the hip, shoulder, and ankle. OA causes the joints to be painful, unstable, and less functional. In adults 55 years and younger, joint trauma is a common cause of OA.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring molecule found in human cells that provides lubrication when injected into the joint. HA injections are a less invasive option than surgery, with potentially fewer complications.
To support decision-making about treating hip, shoulder, or ankle OA in adults 55 years and younger, it is important to understand the potential benefits and harms of using HA in this population.

What Did We Do?

We reviewed the clinical effectiveness of high molecular weight (MW) injection of HA in adults between the ages of 18 and 55 years with OA of the hip, shoulder, or ankle joints to guide decisions on the use of high MW HA injection.
An information specialist searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published on January 1, 2013 to December 12, 2023. One reviewer screened citations and selected and critically appraised the included studies.

What Did We Find?

The evidence for this report was based on observational before-and-after studies. We found no relevant comparative studies examining the effect of high MW HA versus placebo or no treatment.
While most studies reported post-treatment outcome improvements, it is uncertain whether high MW injection of HA improves pain, function, and disability in adults 55 years and under with hip, shoulder, or ankle OA. This is due to the low-quality evidence, small sample sizes, and methodological problems. Serious side effects of high MW HA were not reported.

What Does This Mean?

Due to the uncertainty of the clinical effectiveness evidence, health care providers and decision-makers may consider other factors when considering high MW IA-HA for patients with hip, shoulder, or ankle OA; these factors could include acceptability, feasibility, costs, health equity, and patient values and preferences.
Future research from randomized studies in large populations is needed to understand the effectiveness and safety of high MW HA injections for hip, shoulder, and ankle OA.
Evidence of Middle Holocene landslide-generated tsunamis recorded in lake sediments from Saqqaq, West Greenland
Authors: Korsgaard Niels J. , Svennevig Kristian , Søndergaard Anne S. , Luetzenburg Gregor , Oksman Mimmi , Larsen Nicolaj K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The Vaigat strait (Sullorsuaq) in West Greenland is well known for its susceptibility to landslides and historical landslide-generated tsunamis. Recent mapping of the seabed in the Vaigat strait has revealed several prehistoric giga-scale (volumes of 109 m3) tsunamigenic landslides. However, the timing of these giga-scale tsunamis is largely unconstrained, but they are assumed to have occurred after the last deglaciation. Here, we report on lake sediment core records from four coastal lakes located between 19 and 91 m above sea level (a.s.l.) on the Saqqaq foreland at the eastern end of the Vaigat strait. We use a multiproxy approach including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and magnetic susceptibility core scanning along with a screening for marine diatoms to identify at least two tsunami deposits in two of the four sediment cores. Radiocarbon dating of aquatic macrofossils and bulk samples suggest that the tsunami events occurred at ca. 7.6 and 7.3 ka cal BP. Using a previously published relative sea level curve from Vaskebugt, Arveprinsen Ejland (Alluttoq), located 40 km southeast of Saqqaq, we infer wave runup heights of ca. 41–66 and 45–70 m, respectively, for the two tsunami events. These runup heights from prehistoric tsunamis are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the historic landslide-tsunami runup heights at Saqqaq which only reached an elevation of ca. 3 m in November 2000. While we found deposits from two tsunami events in the lake sediments, landforms from at least nine giga-scale landslides are present on the seafloor of Vaigat. We infer that these deposits probably represent the two most recent tsunamis identified in the Vaigat strait and that the older tsunamis must have happened between the last deglaciation and the oldest sediment in the lakes, i.e., between ca. 10.0 and 8.5 ka cal BP.
THỰC TRẠNG VÀ NGUYÊN NHÂN SỬ DỤNG KHÁNG SINH TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM TIỂU PHẾ QUẢN TRẺ EM
Authors: Thảo Đỗ Thị , Phương Võ Hà , Tâm Nguyễn Thị , Hương Lê Thị Minh 
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu thực trạng và nguyên nhân sử dụng kháng sinh trong điều trị viêm tiểu phế quản (VTPQ) ở trẻ em. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả loạt ca bệnh VTPQ được điều trị nội trú tại khoa nhi Bệnh viện Vinmec Times City từ tháng 01/2022 đến tháng 12/2022. Tất cả bệnh nhân được đánh giá lâm sàng, xét nghiệm công thức máu, CRP, xét nghiệm dịch tỵ hầu tìm virut và vi khuẩn và ghi nhận các trường hợp dùng kháng sinh, phân tích lý do bệnh nhân phải dùng kháng sinh trong quá trình điều trị. Kết quả: Có 68 bệnh nhân VTPQ, tuổi trung bình là 9,2 ± 5,4 tháng, nam/nữ là 1,5. Tỉ lệ sử dụng kháng sinh chiếm 51.5%, kháng sinh chủ yếu là Amoxicillin kết hợp Clavulamox chiếm 60%, đường dùng chủ yếu là tĩnh mạch chiếm 62.9%, thời gian trung bình dùng kháng sinh trong mỗi đợt nằm nội trú là 5,20 ± 1,43 ngày. Lí do chủ yếu quyết định việc dùng kháng sinh là xét nghiệm máu có bằng chứng viêm và kết quả nuôi cấy dịch tỵ hầu có mọc vi khuẩn với tỉ lệ lần lượt là 31,4% và 40,0%. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sử dụng kháng sinh trong điều trị VTPQ chiếm 51,5%, cơ sở để sử dụng kháng sinh là lâm sàng phổi có rale ẩm, mức độ nặng vừa, chỉ số viêm trong máu cao và có bằng chứng vi khuẩn trong dịch tỵ hầu và hình ảnh X-quang phổi có đám mờ .
Mielocultura e mielograma na Febre tifóide
Authors: Taunay Augusto E. , Ayres Luiz , Pedroso Dario 
Published: March 2024

A mielocultura é de valor inestimável no diagnóstico da febre tifoide. Durante o período febril a sua sensibilidade mostrou-se absoluta. Nas primeiras semanas de moléstia a sua positividade foi sempre superior a 80%. Obtivemos mieloculturas positivas desde o 8.° até o 48.° dia de moléstia. A mielocultura mostrou ser um processo diagnóstico bastante mais sensível que a simples hemocultura. A reação de Widal deve ser praticada sempre com os antígenos "O'' e "H". Os autores apresentam dois casos em que o diagnóstico de febre tifoide não pode ser confirmado, embora apresentassem um teor em aglutininas "H" elevado. A febre tifoide produz ligeira leucopenia, considerando-se 7.077 leucócitos por mmc. como taxa média durante os vários períodos da moléstia. À medida que a moléstia progride sem complicações, nota-se diminuição quantitativa leucocitária, ascendendo nas últimas semanas às taxas normais e mesmo ultrapassando-as; nos casos acompanhados de complicações, as taxas globais são leucopênicas. Os bacilos tíficos acarretam inibição da maturação mieloide: quando a medula óssea é isenta de bacilos há contagens globais altas.Em geral há neutrofilia relativa, ocorrendo no sangue periférico a presença de elementos imaturos, como mielócitos e metamielócitos, bastonetose acentuada e diminuição dos segmentados. Registra-se a presença de granulações tóxicas, microvacuoliação citoplasmática e nuclear, basofilia protoplasmática, picnose nuclear, anomalia nuclear de Pelger-huet, aniso e poiquilocitose dos granulócitos. O índice degenerativo diminui à medida que a cura clínica se processa. Paralelamente à neutrofilia relativa, há hiperplasia dos mesmos na medula óssea, predominando os elementos mais imaturos (promielócitos), com quadro ligeiramente anaplástico. Observa-se eosinopenia absoluta periférica nos primeiros períodos da moléstia, reaparecendo os eosinófilos nas últimas semanas; na medula óssea os eosinófilos foram presentes em taxas normais ou ligeiramente aumentados em todo o decurso da moléstia. No inicio da infecção tífica há linfopenia, começando a se registrar, na 4.a semana, linfocitose, com ligeira predominância, que persiste na convalescença. Nos casos com complicações a linfopenia perdura até os últimos períodos da moléstia. Há a ocorrência de prolinfócitos, alterações citoplasmáticas e nucleares dos linfócitos; na medula óssea há hiperplasia da série linfocítica. Nota-se monocitose relativa, com acentuada micro vacuolização citoplasmática. Os plasmoblastos e plasmócitos circulantes existem nos vários períodos da moléstia. É registrada a presença de histiócitos nos sangue periférico, tradução da histiocitose mieloide.
Isolamento de Listeria monocytogenes de líquido cefalorraquidiano
Authors: Takeuchi Chifumi , Pessôa Gil Vital Álvares , Hofer Ernesto , Melles Carmo Elias Andrade , Raskin Mathilde 
Published: March 2024

Foi realizada pesquisa sistemática em 1008 amostras de líquidos cefalorraquidianos, turvos e purulentos, no período de novembro de 1973 a junho de 1974, no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil, que demonstraram ausência de outros icrorganismos, no intuito de esclarecer a participação de Listeria monocytogenes. Todas as amostras foram incubadas nas temperaturas de 4 e 15°C, tendo sido isolada esta bactéria em 4 amostras; em uma delas, apenas a 4'°C, em duas, apenas a 15°C e, em uma, em ambas as temperaturas. A quase totalidade, foi isolada após uma semana de incubação a baixa temperatura. Três amostras pertenciam ao sorotipo L 1/2a e uma ao L 4/b.
The Effectiveness of Warm Water Foot Soaks and Progressive Muscle Relaxation to Reduce Blood Pressure Among Patients with Hypertension in Cihanjuang Rahayu Village, West Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Sutisna M. Iqbal , Rustandi Budi , Purwanti Tentry Fuji , Wulandari Nur Ayu 
Published: March 2024

One of the highest cardiovascular diseases that cause premature death is hypertension. In addition to pharmacological therapy used to maintain blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, there are also non-pharmacological therapies, namely warm water foot soak and progressive muscle relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of a warm water foot soak and progressive muscle relaxation therapy in hypertensive patients. The design used in this research is Quasi-Experiment, with the design with the pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling, the number of samples was 20 patients with hypertension. The tests used were Paired T-test and Independent T-test. The results of the study 10 respondents who had received hydrotherapy soaked in warm water foot got an average systolic and diastolic value of 131,07 mmHg and 82,92 mmHg, while the other 10 respondents who received progressive muscle relaxation therapy received a mean of systolic and diastolic value 131,83 mmHg and 82,93 mmHg. Based on independent t-test significant with p-values of 0,872 and p-values > 0,993. There is no difference in effectiveness between interferences of a warm water foot soak and progressive muscle relaxation to decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure among patients with hypertension in Cihanjuang Rahayu Village, West Bandung.