bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and genetic evaluation of interspecific hybrids within the genus Sambucus
Authors: Simonovik B. , Ivančič A. , Jakše J. , Bohanec B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAttempts were made to produce hybrids among various Sambucus species in order to change the plant structure of S. nigra, a medicinal plant of increasing agricultural importance. The first successful genetic recombination, involving four species, was conducted after the introduction of S. javanica from a South Pacific island. A series of genetic analyses of the involved species and some relatives was performed in order to obtain reliable data on genetic similarity among parental species and to confirm the hybrid nature of putative hybrids. The nuclear 2C DNA content revealed by flow cytometry of nine species showed limited variation, the greatest being in S. nigra (28.6 pg) and the smallest in S. caerulea (23.9 pg). Maximum parsimony analysis of seven Sambucus species was used to form two dendrograms, one based on the sequenced nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the other based on the cpDNA trnT‐trnF region. The results showed similar clustering into distinct groups; on both dendrograms S. nigra and S. javanica ES were closely related. Analysis of hybrid origin was based on the sequenced cpDNA region, genome size differences and PCR–RFLP analysis of the nrDNA ITS region. The seed parent and maternal origin of cpDNA was confirmed for all hybrids, while the pollen parent was confirmed in 21 of 22 putative hybrid plants tested.
Identification by genetic analysis of two races of Erysiphe polygoni DC. causing powdery mildew disease in mungbean
Authors: Reddy K. S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPowdery mildew disease is one of the important foliar diseases of mungbean. Earlier, resistance sources have been identified and their genetic nature studied, but there is no information on race identification of Erysiphe polygoni so far. Different genotypes having combinations of the host resistance genes Pm1Pm1Pm2Pm2‘TARM‐1’, Pm1Pm1pm2pm2 (S‐158‐16) and pm1pm1Pm2Pm2 (S‐2‐4‐1) and no resistance genes pm1pm1pm2pm2 (TPM‐1) were used in the present investigation. The genotypes were screened with four isolates from Akola, Trombay, Jabalpur and Gauribidanur centres in India. The interactions of resistant differentials with the Akola isolate were different from the other three isolates. The inheritance patterns of different resistance genes in various crosses also differed with respect to the Akola isolate. The variation observed in the Akola isolate could be explained as the result of mutation of the dominant avirulence Avr1Avr1 genes to virulence avr1avr1 genes corresponding to host resistance Pm1Pm1genes. Therefore, the Akola isolate is identified as a second race of E. polygoni.
Estimating Genetic Diversity in Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars from Turkey using AFLP and SAMPL Markers
Authors: Altıntaş S. , Toklu F. , Kafkas S. , Kilian B. , Brandolini A. , ÖZkan H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSince 1925, more than 100 wheat varieties were developed and released in Turkey, and many more were introduced from abroad, but no systematic analysis of their genetic diversity has been performed yet. In this research, a total of 34 domestic and foreign cultivars (12 durum and 22 bread wheats), released in Turkey between 1936 and 2000, were fingerprinted by means of five amplified fragment length polymorphism and three selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci (SAMPL) primer combinations, to evaluate their genetic variation and to determine the existence of cultivar‐specific bands. Among the 344 amplicons scored, 214 were polymorphic. The primer combination EACG/MAGG yielded the highest number and the primer combination SAMPL–6/M AGA produced the lowest number of polymorphic bands. Most cultivars were molecularly very similar, although a few distinct ones (the durum wheat ‘Kunduru–1149’ and the bread wheat ‘İkizce–96’) were also identified. Seven cultivar‐specific markers for different bread wheat cultivars (‘Golia’, ‘Seri–82’, ‘Adana–99’, ‘Pandas’ and ‘Sertak–52’) and six cultivar‐specific markers for durum wheat cv ‘Kunduru’ were observed. Our results show that genetic diversity among old and present–day wheat cultivar commonly grown in Turkey is limited.
Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers from an Enriched Genomic Library of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Watcharawongpaiboon N. , Chunwongse J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe development, characterization and application of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) microsatellite markers was accomplished using a library‐enrichment procedure. Fifty‐seven primer pairs flanking the microsatellite repeats were used for DNA amplification. Sixteen C. sativus accessions were assessed for polymorphisms using 45 primer pairs. The average number of alleles per locus was 3.6, and up to seven alleles were found at one locus. The maximum polymorphism information content value was 0.78 with an average of 0.47. The cucumber microsatellite makers could be useful for seed purity control in hybridity testing. Some of these cucumber markers were transferable to other cucurbit species (i.e. melon, watermelon, pumpkin and bitter gourd).
Combining ability and heterosis over environments for yield and yield components in two‐line hybrids involving thermosensitive genic male sterile lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Shukla S. K. , Pandey M. P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPresence of substantial heterosis and economic hybrid seed production are two most desirable components for success of any commercial hybrid breeding programme. Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines of rice, in this regard, have tremendous potential in realizing further quantum jump in yield and economical hybrid seed cost. Analyses for combining ability and heterosis over optimum (120N : 60P2O5 : 40K2O kg/ha) and high (200N : 90P2O5 : 60K2O kg/ha) fertility environments for six traits were made in 2 years (2001 and 2002) using 120 hybrids of inter‐ and intra‐subspecific nature derived from hybridization of 30 elite indica TGMS lines and four cultivars, viz., ‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Ajaya’ (I = indica), ‘Taichung 65’ (J = japonica) and ‘IR 65598‐112‐2’ (TJ = tropical japonica) in line × tester mating design. Predominance of non‐additive genetic variance suggested good prospects of hybrid breeding. Pooled analysis revealed highly significant variances for lines, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and line x tester. TGMS line 365‐8S was the best general combiner for all the six traits including grain yield. Trend of relative mid‐parent heterosis for grain yield, panicle length, grain number per panicle and earliness in flowering was I/TJ > I/J > I/I. For panicle number per plant and 1000‐grain weight, trends were I/TJ > I/I > I/J and I/I > I/TJ > I/J, respectively. Grain yield recorded heterosis of 49.3%, 71.9% and 92.7% for I/I, I/J and I/TJ hybrid groups respectively. Effect of environments on the hybrid performance indicated better response of hybrids at high fertilizer dose. Study suggests greater prospects of combining improved japonica and tropical japonica germplasms having wide compatible gene with indica TGMS lines for exploitation of intersubspecific heterosis.
Columnar lined (Barrett's) esophagus: Future perspectives
Authors: Bani‐Hani Kamal E , Bani‐Hani Bayan K 
Published: September 2007

AbstractColumnar lined esophagus (CLE) or Barrett's esophagus is the precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Future advances in understanding and management of this condition as well as improving the quality of care of CLE patients depends on answering essential questions. It is important to standardize the criteria for CLE definition. The rapid increase in incidence of CLE and adenocarcinoma raises serious concerns that the current management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) needs reassessment. The risk factors that determine who will and will not develop CLE are as yet undetermined. There is a need to develop a clinical risk stratification tool, which will help in determining who should be screened. The impact of elimination of GERD on the natural history of CLE is one important area for future research. The benefit of surveillance strategies remains unproven and the ideal endoscopic frequency, protocols and markers of cancer risk are unknown. Dysplasia may not provide the gold standard marker of cancer risk because of some inherited problems. A better technique than the current endoscopic pinch biopsy protocol is needed. To overcome the limitations of histological markers, many other markers of cancer risk needs to be developed and validated. The key question as to whether cancer risk is actually reduced by the new ablation modalities remains unanswered. The natural history of dysplasia and its management needs to be clarified. Although many questions have to be answered, it seems, however, that at least some answers exist, and these and proposals for answering some of these questions are underlined throughout this review.
Characteristics and prognosis of patients in Japan with viral marker‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Kiriyama Seiki , Sone Yasuhiro , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Isogai Masatoshi , Kaneoka Yuji , Washizu Junji 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim: The characteristics and prognosis of patients with hepatitis virus marker‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not fully elucidated in Japan. We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of HCC patients in whom no markers for hepatitis virus infection were detected, in comparison with those of HCC patients with hepatitis virus infection.Methods: Viral markers for hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection were measured in 1152 patients in whom initial HCC was diagnosed between 1991 and 2004. Patient characteristics, characteristics of HCC and survival were compared between patients in whom no marker was positive (viral marker‐negative HCC) and those in whom chronic HBV or HCV infection was confirmed by viral markers (viral HCC).Results: Overall, 119 patients (10.3%) were shown to have viral marker‐negative HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected under surveillance in a significantly smaller percentage of patients with viral marker‐negative HCC than of patients with viral HCC (P < 0.0001). The tumor was significantly larger (P < 0.0001) and vascular invasion was significantly more prevalent (P = 0.0003) in patients with viral marker‐negative HCC than in those with viral HCC. The survival rate of patients with viral marker‐negative HCC was significantly lower than that of patients with viral HCC (P = 0.0378).Conclusion: The patients with HCC in whom hepatitis viral infection had not been confirmed tended not to be under surveillance, resulting in the detection of HCC at more advanced stage and with a poorer prognosis. Efforts to identify patients without hepatitis virus infection who should be under surveillance for HCC will be necessary in the future.
Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella strains isolated from children in Gaza, Palestine from 1999 to 2006
Authors: Abu Elamreen Farid H , Sharif Fadel A , Deeb Jamal Elshikh 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis are among the leading causes of illnesses and death in infants and children throughout the world, especially in developing countries, Globally, Salmonella and Shigella remain the major contributors to acute enteric infections and diarrhea.Methods:  In the present study, Shigella‐ and Salmonella‐related diarrhea was studied among 3570 children in Gaza, Palestine from January 1999 to September 2006 to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates.Results:  The frequency of isolation was 1.8% (65/3570) for Salmonella spp. and 0.8% (28/3570) for Shigella spp. Shigella flexneri (16/28) was the most frequently isolated Shigella species. Most of the Shigella isolates were resistant to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (89%), ampicillin (79%) and chloramphenicol (46%) and most of the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (62%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (35%), chloramphenicol (35%) and cephalexin (26%).Conclusion:  These data reinforce the need for continuous monitoring of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance and the necessity to regulate the use of antimicrobials. According to the current study, ampicillin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol should not be used as empiric treatment of diarrhea in children.
Molecular staging of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Yan Jie , Fang Jing Yuan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGastric cancer has traditionally been staged using purely histological methods, but these methods provide little information about the biology of gastric cancer and have limited predictive power. Recent studies have shown that clinically relevant gastric cancer subtypes have distinct gene expression profiles. This approach, termed molecular staging, can lead to the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancers. This update reviews advances in molecular staging of gastric cancer and discusses their implications for the prognosis and diagnosis of this complex disease. Technologies used in molecular staging as well as future directions for the optimization of molecular staging of gastric cancer are also discussed.
Videoanoscopy: Useful technique in the evaluation of hemorrhoids
Authors: Harish Kareem , Harikumar Rajeshekaran , Sunilkumar Kondiyil , Thomas Varghese 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Rigid proctoscopy, the gold standard for detecting hemorrhoids, has become a neglected procedure in the era of flexible endoscopy. Evaluation of hemorrhoids is often done with the retroflexed fiberoptic colonoscope. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technique of videoanoscopy in comparison with retroflexion of colonoscope in the rectum to detect hemorrhoids and to correlate objective findings of hemorrhoids and their relation to bleeding.Methods:  In total, 544 patients were screened and 358 patients were evaluated by the technique of videoanoscopy and retroflexion of colonoscope in the rectum. The video images of both the procedures were independently analyzed by two observers for the presence or absence of hemorrhoids. The videoanoscopy images were also analyzed for number of columns of hemorrhoids, size and presence of red‐color sign.Results:  Videoanoscopy detected hemorrhoids in a significantly higher number of subjects when compared with retroflexion of colonoscope in the rectum by both observers (P < 0.05). The average kappa value was 0.637 and 0.779 for retroflexed colonoscopy and videoanoscopy, respectively. Red‐color sign was present in 80.5% of patients with bleeding compared with only 30.3% in the non‐bleeding group. The majority (71%) of patients in the bleeding group had larger hemorrhoids. Red‐color sign and size of hemorrhoidal columns correlated with bleeding (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Videoanoscopy is a simple technique with increased sensitivity to detect hemorrhoids compared with intrarectal retroflexion of colonoscope and yields valuable objective information about the presence and condition of hemorrhoids. It should be performed as an extension of standard colonoscopy.
Randomised controlled trial: A parent‐based group education programme for overweight children
Authors: Shelton Doug , Le Gros Kim , Norton Lyza , Stanton‐Cook Sue , Morgan Jane , Masterman Paul 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  Childhood overweight and obesity is a significant community health problem with severe long‐term complications. This paper aims to evaluate a four‐by‐two‐hour weekly group parent education programme targeting children who are overweight.Methods:  A randomised time series design with wait‐list controls was conducted for overweight and obese children aged 3–10 years.Results:  A statistically significant reduction in child body mass index and energy intake was found post treatment; no differences were reported for child sedentary electronic media time, physical activity and waist circumference. Children’s baseline activity levels were found to be at or slightly above national recommended standards. No change occurred in primary parent body mass index or waist circumference after treatment.Conclusions:  A brief group education programme for parents was effective in reducing childhood overweight at 3 months follow‐up.
Psychiatric morbidity in adolescents operated in childhood for congenital cyanotic heart disease
Authors: Toren Paz , Horesh Netta 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to assess psychiatric morbidity of adolescents operated in childhood for congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) and their parents.Methods:  Participants were 31 adolescents (19 boys, 12 girls) aged 10–21 (mean ± SD, 14.7 ± 0.3) years, who had undergone cardiac surgery 13.7 ± 2.48 years before the study assessment period. Twenty‐two mothers and nine fathers participated in the study. Assessment tools for adolescents included: the UCLA Post Traumatic Stress Disorder – Reaction Index, The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and The Beck Depression Inventory; for the parents: The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and The Beck Depression Inventory.Results:  Nine out of 31 adolescents (29.03%) were defined as ‘full post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) likely’ with a total post‐traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) score significantly higher than that of the non‐PTSS subgroup (P < 0.001). A non‐significant trend was noted for more adolescents with ‘anxiety disorder likely’ (P = 0.096, NS) in the PTSS versus the non‐PTSS subgroups. A non‐significant trend was detected showing that on all symptom domains of PTSD, as well as on anxiety and depressive measures, parents of children with PTSS received higher scores than parents of children without PTSS (P = 0.095, 0.03, 0.04, respectively, NS).Conclusion:  Children undergoing cardiac surgery for CCHD may be at a high risk for long‐term PTSS.
The relationship between birth weight, oxidative stress and bone mineral status in newborn infants
Authors: Koklu Esad , Akcakus Mustafa , Narin Figen , Saraymen Recep 
Published: September 2007

Background:  It was shown that oxygen‐derived free radicals, and particularly the superoxide anion, are intermediaries in the formation and activation of osteoclasts. Many antioxidant defence systems depend on micronutrients or are micronutrients themselves. Oxidative stress might be related to bone indices in newborn infants.Aim:  To assess the relationship between oxidative status and bone indices in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) babies born to healthy mothers.Methods:  Umbilical cord venous blood samples were obtained at the delivery from 100 term newborn infants to measure plasma malondialdhyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase concentrations. Forty of the newborn infants had birth weights AGA, 30 were SGA and 30 LGA. Data were acquired using the whole body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scanner in the first 24 h after birth.Results:  Plasma malondialdhyde and SOD concentrations of the mothers and their newborn infants were positively correlated; however, plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations were not. SOD concentrations of SGA infants were significantly higher than those of AGA and LGA infants. Whole body bone mineral density and content were lower in SGA but higher in LGA babies than in AGA babies. Oxidative stress status of both infants and their mothers was not related to the bone indices.Conclusion:  Our study does not provide support for the hypothesis that oxidative status of the infants and mothers may play a major role in the regulation of bone metabolism in the developing skeleton.
Neurodevelopmental disabilities and quality of life after intensive care treatment
Authors: Mestrovic Julije , Kardum Goran , Sustic Alan , Polic Branka , Mestrovic Marija , Markic Josko , Zanchi Jaksa 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  To analyze the quality of life after Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) treatment and compare the differences between quality of life in children who suffer chronic health conditions, and those who do not, post discharge from PICU.Method:  Quality of life was assessed using the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children (RAHC) Measure of Function which incorporates measures of domains that delineate severity or impact of disease symptoms, physical disability, mobility, emotional distress, behavior, deviation from normal growth and development, impairment in social rules, and performance at school and in leisure activities.Results:  Families of 371 children were contacted for RAHC Measure of Function scoring. The results showed that the majority of children with no chronic condition (88.8%), as well as those with a chronic condition other than neurodevelopmental disability (81.6%) had minimal ongoing health problems and good quality of life. Only 21.4% of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities fell into this category, 39.3% had poor quality of life and 39.3% had fair quality of life.Conclusion:  The results suggest that the majority of patients discharged from the PICU go on to have a good quality of life. The quality of life of patients with other chronic condition did not differ significantly from children who did not suffer from a chronic condition, with the majority of both groups having minimal residual health problems. Conversely, children with neurodevelopmental disabilities were found to have a higher level of health problems and only a fair quality of life compared with the other two groups.
Predicting diabetic ketoacidosis in children by measuring end‐tidal CO2 via non‐invasive nasal capnography
Authors: Gilhotra Yuri , Porter Paul 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  To determine if nasal capnography can be used as a screening tool to predict diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presenting to the emergency department.Methods:  Cross‐sectional, prospective, observational study of children with T1DM who presented to the Emergency Department of Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Western Australia, over a 12‐month period from June 2003 to June 2004. Information on demographic data and T1DM was recorded. Nasal capnography, venous blood gases and urinary analysis were performed on patients. Data were analysed using χ2 tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated at different end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels to predict presence of DKA.Results:  Fifty‐eight patients aged 1–18 years (mean 10.7, SD 4.7) were analysed. Thirty‐three (57%) were male and 30 (52%) presented with new onset of T1DM. Of the 58 cases, 15 (26%) had DKA, and 11 of these were new T1DM patients. No patients with an ETCO2 > 30 mmHg had DKA (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.86). Six patients with an ETCO2 < 30 mmHg did not have DKA.Conclusions:  Nasal capnography in conjunction with clinical assessment is predictive of DKA. Further research into this area with larger numbers could help validate ETCO2 as a screening tool for DKA in the emergency department.