bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual consequence of stereotactic colloid cyst aspiration: Case report
Authors: Desai SR , Sidhu PS , Dawson JM 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe removal of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle by stereotactic cyst aspiration is frequently performed as an alternative to a transcortical‐transventricular or transcallosal operative route. A consequence of a CT‐guided stereotactic aspiration, where residual colloid cyst material has been dislodged into the lateral ventricle and likened to an intraventricular mouse, is described.
1996 Australian radiology workforce report
Authors: O'Donnell Chris , Jones D Neil , Stuckey John 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA questionnaire was sent to all radiologists in Australia using a mailing list supplied by individual State Workforce subcommittee members. A reply rate of 72% was obtained. There are currently 1061 radiologists (1010.5 full‐time equivalents) or 55.5 radiologists per million population, placing Australia in the mid‐range compared with other OECD countries. This has increased slightly from 54.1 in 1994. There is a small but definite State variation. Utilizing current trainee numbers and traditional attrition rates, there is no projected change in these figures (55.3 in 2001), but the continued introduction of‘migrant’radiologists is postulated to cause an increase (56.6 with 25 migrants and 58.4 with 50 migrants in 2001). Analysis of work‐practice indicates a performance rate of 14 100 procedures per year per practising radiologist. There is again a State variation. It is estimated that the total number of medical imaging procedures per 1000 population per year (rendered by radiologists) is 815. These latter two figures place Australia in the mid‐range compared with the United States and Great Britain. General radiography, mammography, ultrasound, and CT are the most common procedures (in that order), and are performed by the largest proportion of radiologists.
Computed tomography of abdominal neurogenic tumours
Authors: Pui Margaret H , Yang Zhi Yun , Li Zi Ping 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAbdominal and pelvic neurogenic tumours are uncommon neoplasms in adults apart from those tumours found in patients with neurofibromatosis. Malignant degeneration occurs in 2.4‐29% of neurofibromatosis. Biopsy of neurofibromas can be complicated by sensorimotor nerve deficit. Distinction of malignancy by imaging may circumvent biopsies of asymptomatic benign neurogenic tumours. Benign neurogenic neoplasm is suspected on CT scan if the tumour is in the region of known nerve ganglia or pathway, and is well demarcated, solid, homogeneous, hypodense relative to muscle, and enhances with contrast material. Malignant neurogenic tumours are often large, irregular, infiltrative, and necrotic with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Computed tomography is valuable in distinguishing malignant from benign neurogenic neoplasms, predicting resectability, detecting distant metastases, and evaluating response to treatment.
Longitudinal tibial stress fractures
Authors: Daunt Nicholas , Gribbin Denis , Slater Greg S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe tibia is a fairly common site for stress fractures of both the fatigue and insufficiency types. The majority are transverse or, less frequently, oblique. The present report outlines four cases of vertical stress fractures, an orientation that is very uncommon and leads to bone scan findings which can be misleading.
Radiologically placed hepatic artery catheter allows selection of patients with high‐volume liver metastases for regional chemotherapy
Authors: Zhao Jing , Clingan Philip R , Glenn Derek , Morris David L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRegional chemotherapy has achieved high response rates in hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer and has been shown to improve survival significantly. The present paper reports the use of pre‐operative regional therapy to establish marker response as a means of selection of patients for surgery. Fourteen patients underwent radiologically placed hepatic artery catheter (HAC) for chemotherapy. In the 11 patients with carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) fall the patient proceeded to open surgical placement of HAC. The predictive effect of CEA fall following radiological HAC was good. Non‐responding patients are clearly spared the discomfort and inconvenience and costs of an unnecessary operation.
Clinical radiohypersensitivity screening using radiation‐induced chromosomal aberrations
Authors: Kearsley JH , Fang ZM , Clarke RA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSevere acute toxicity to radiotherapy (radiohypersensitivity) can limit the effective use of radiotherapy and it is not usually possible to identify such individuals before treatment commences. Five patients with acute radiohypersensitivity (RH) were detected over a 3‐year period. All five RH subjects demonstrated a significantly higher degree of radiation‐induced chromosomal aberrations (ICA) in fresh blood lymphocytes when compared to normal controls. Results indicate the feasibility of using the ICA assay in conjunction with other tests to screen for radio‐sensitivity.
Extensive intracranial calcification secondary to hypoxia, presenting with dyspraxic gait
Authors: Nagaratnam N , Plew JD 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe imaging appearances of a case of extensive intracranial calcification presenting with dyspraxic gait are described. Computed tomography showed bilateral calcification in the anterior, posterior and central watershed areas and in the basal ganglia. It is believed that the changes are secondary to previous hypoxaemia and hypotension, and that subsequent development of the symptoms is due to calcification in the dystrophic tissue.
Arterial haemorrhage following instillation of silver nitrate in chyluria: Treatment by coil embolization
Authors: Srivastava Deep Narayan , Yadav Surinder , Hemal Ashok Kumar , Berry Manorama 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYChyluria is a urological manifestation of lymphatic system disease. Sclerotherapy of the renal pelvis (RPIS) using 1% silver nitrate, along with diethyl carbamazine, is the treatment most frequently used. Massive haematuria due to intrarenal aneurysm following RPIS has not been reported. A case is described here of arterial haemorrhage following instillation of silver nitrate which was treated by coil embolization. The haematuria was immediately stopped and the renal function returned to normal gradually.
Axillary lymph node calcification due to metastatic papillary carcinoma
Authors: Chen Suet Wan , Bennett Genevieve , Price Jeremy 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case is presented in which calcification in an axillary lymph node seen on a screening mammogram was the presenting feature of metastatic papillary carcinoma, presumed to be of thyroid origin. The differential diagnosis of axillary lymph node calcification seen on mammography is reviewed.
Neuroradiologic findings in brown snake envenomation: Computed tomography demonstration
Authors: Midyett F Allan 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of fatal brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation is presented. The CT examinations show rapid development and progression of atypical bilateral intracerebral haematomas (ICH) which produce a fatal outcome despite correction of the underlying coagulopathy. The striking CT appearance suggests coagulopathy and is predictive of increased mortality.
Splenic metastasis in germ cell tumour
Authors: Geetha N , Hussain BM , Ajitkumar TV , Ittiyavirah AK , Nair M Krishnan 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMetastasis to the spleen from carcinomas is a rare event. A case is described here of a 28‐year‐old man with germ cell tumour of the testis in whom splenic metastasis was demonstrated radiologically. The lesion resolved with chemotherapy and the patient has been in complete remission for 1 year.
Hyperprolactinaemia: Don't forget hypothyroidism!
Authors: Tan TH , Carty H , Ong KL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFemale patients with mild clinical symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism may be overwhelmed by the accompanying manifestations of hyperprolactinaemia. Radiological imaging may show enlargement of the pituitary gland. In these cases a primary diagnosis of hypothyroidism may not be considered. Long‐term bromocriptine mesylate treatment or surgery can be avoided if the diagnosis is considered and the thyroid function test performed.
Congenital tuberculosis
Authors: Popli MB , Mehta N , Nijhavan VS , Popli V 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCongenital tuberculosis is a rare disease. The non‐specific nature of presenting signs and symptoms (because of the lack of host response) and the fatal outcome in the absence of early therapy all underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in infants. Recognition requires awareness that tuberculosis at this age has manifestations not found in older children. Here a case of congenital tuberculosis is presented, where changes were confined only to the thorax. Tuberculosis in the mother could be diagnosed only retrospectively.
Torsion of the wandering spleen
Authors: Hon TYW , Chan CC , Loke T , Chan CS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of torsion of the wandering spleen with splenic infarction is reported. The medical imaging studies performed with typical findings are described. Case reports have been reviewed. Although rare, torsion of the spleen remains an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. Early intervention is necessary to reduce the risk of splenic infarction and other complications, and an increased awareness of the condition together with the use of appropriate medical imaging can lead to the correct diagnosis more readily.
Radiology of the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Chong VFH , Fan YF 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe parapharyngeal space (PPS) is a central space in the deep neck. Intrinsic lesions within this space are limited. Other spaces in the neck are closely related to the PPS and the direction of displacement of this space often suggests the origin of a lesion. The morphology of a lesion, together with the site of origin, helps in narrowing the diagnostic possibilities. The behaviour of the PPS often helps to determine whether a lesion is an intrinsic abnormality or whether it arises from a neighbouring space. Such information is crucial in the planning of surgical approach and the placement of drains.
Failed magnetic resonance imaging examinations due to claustrophobia
Authors: Sarji SA , Abdullah BJJ , Kumar G , Tan AH , Narayanan P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA recognized cause of incomplete or cancelled MRI examinations is anxiety and claustrophobic symptoms in patients undergoing MR scanning. This appears to be a problem in many MRI centres in Western Europe and North America, where it is said to be costly in terms of loss of valuable scan time, and has led to researchers suggesting several anxiety‐reducing approaches for MRI. To determine the incidence of failed MRI examination among our patients and if there are any associations with a patient's sex, age and education level, we studied claustrophobia that led to premature termination of the MRI examination in the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) in 3324 patients over 28 months. The incidence of failed MRI examinations due to claustrophobia in the UMMC was found to be only 0.54%. There are associations between claustrophobia in MRI with the patients’sex, age and level of education. The majority of those affected were male patients and young patients in the 25‐45‐year age group. The patients’education level appears to be the strongest association with failed MRI examinations due to claustrophobia, where the majority of the affected were highly educated individuals. Claustrophobia in MRI is more of a problem among the educated individuals or patients from a higher socio‐economic group, which may explain the higher incidence in Western European and North American patients.
Stenting in malignant and benign vena caval obstruction
Authors: Laing Andrew DP , Thomson Kenneth R , Vrazas John I 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYExpandable metallic stents have been used with considerable success for the palliation of malignant vena caval obstruction. The role of stenting in vena caval obstruction of benign aetiology is less well defined. A review of 11 patients stented for vena caval obstruction and a review of recent series in the literature is presented. Of the 11 patients, seven patients had involvement of the superior vena cava (SVC), and four patients had inferior vena caval (IVC) obstruction. Seven cases had malignant vena caval obstruction, with a benign aetiology (SVC n = 3; IVC n= 1) in the other four cases. All seven patients treated with SVC stents experienced complete resolution or significant improvement in symptoms with no recurrence over the duration of available follow‐up, over an average of 4.3 months (range: 1 week‐12 months). Only one of four IVC lesions stented resulted in a good clinical response. All four patients with vena caval obstruction of benign aetiology had a good outcome. One patient experienced a small pulmonary embolus following SVC stent insertion without further sequelae. No other serious complications were encountered. Stenting can provide prompt relief of vena caval obstruction with low morbidity, and high patency rates in both benign and malignant vena caval lesions.
Radiology in forensic identification: The Mt Erebus disaster
Authors: Alexander CJ , Foote GA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAlthough radiology has exceptional discriminatory power in the identification of individuals, it is not often used for this purpose. This under‐utilization stems in part from insufficient appreciation of its potential, and in part from a lack of agreed operational protocols. Descriptions of criteria used for radiological identification are scattered in individual reports and have not been collated. The circumstances in which identification is required are various and pose different problems for which guidelines have not been established. The areas in which radiology has a high capacity for identification of age, sex or identity are reviewed and their strengths and limitations are discussed. A survey of the literature identified three different circumstances in which cadaver identification is needed, and a protocol is suggested to meet the differing requirements of these three situations. The use of these protocols and techniques in the identification of bodies recovered from the Mt Erebus disaster is described. Postmortem radiographs established the identity of 11 bodies not identified by other techniques. There is a need for greater awareness in police and forensic circles of the identifying power of radiology.
An evaluation of bone mineral density in Australian women of Asian descent
Authors: Larcos G , Baillon LG 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAsian women have been reported to have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than Caucasians, but this could be due to body habitus rather than ethnicity. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether Australian women of Asian descent have intrinsically dissimilar BMD compared to Australian women of Caucasian origin. We compared Australian Asian (n= 36) and Caucasian (n= 304) women who were referred for bone densitometry and in whom disorders or medications known to interfere with bone metabolism were excluded. Covariables including age, postmenopausal status, years since menopause (YSM), alcohol and smoking consumption, family history, current exercise levels, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and Asian origin were analysed by multivariate linear regression to determine the independent predictors of BMD in the spine, hip and distal radius. The BMD in the spine (R2= 0.31), hip (R2= 0.27) and distal radius (R2= 0.31) were associated with YSM (all sites), postmenopausal status, weight and smoking (spine and hip), BMI (spine and wrist), family history (hip) and height (wrist). The BMD at these sites were similar for Asian and Caucasian women after adjusting for these variables. Thus, Asian‐Australians have similar BMD to Caucasian‐Australians after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Bone mineral density is independently related to a number of clinical and lifestyle‐related factors, but not ethnicity.
The influence of dose per fraction on the pathogenesis of radiation nephropathy
Authors: Yildiz Ferah , Atahan I Lale , Tuncel Murvet , Konan Ali 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBoth kidneys of male Wistar rats were irradiated with either a 10‐Gy single dose or 26 Gy at a rate of 2 Gy per fraction per day. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and blood haematocrit levels were assessed prior to radiotherapy and at intervals of 8 weeks thereafter. A subset of animals from each dose group were killed at 4, 8,16 and 24 weeks and both kidneys of each animal were examined by electron microscopy. In both dose groups a significant increase in BUN and creatinine levels, together with a decrease in haematocrit level, was observed at 16 weeks, and this was followed by an apparent improvement at 24 weeks. There was no statistical difference in these responses between the two groups. The morphological changes in both dose groups were essentially similar, but differed in severity. At 4 weeks after irradiation glomerular and proximal tubular injury were observed in both groups. A marked increase of glomerular and tubular injury in the 10‐Gy dose group, without any apparent progression in the 26‐Gy dose group, was detected at 8 weeks. By 16 weeks a noticeable improvement in both tubular and glomerular lesions (especially in the 10‐Gy dose group) was observed. No apparent difference from the 16th week of evaluation was found at 24 weeks. These findings indicate that there is some recovery in kidney after irradiation, but the extent of the recovery process is somewhat limited.
Glomus vagale presenting as a supraclavicular mass: Magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Puvaneswary M , Gani J , Kalnins IK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGlomus vagale are rare vascular tumours of the paraganglion cells of the vagus nerve, and they usually occur in the carotid space. Tumours can be familial, multicentric, malignant but rarely hormonally active. A rare case is reported of glomus vagale presenting as a supraclavicular mass.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the post‐bulbar duodenum
Authors: Low Vincent HS , Heyneman Laura E , Hough David M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe cases of five patients with upper gastrointestinal barium examination findings suggestive of a post‐bulbar duodenal tumour are presented. Further investigations failed to confirm evidence of a neoplasm, but instead identified post‐bulbar duodenal ulceration or scarring. Possible causes for these findings, technical considerations for avoiding this pitfall, and the importance of appropriate further investigations are discussed.
Tuberous sclerosis: Ultrasound, CT and MRI features of two cases with multiple organ involvement
Authors: Arslan Arzu , Cliftçi Ercüment , Çetin Ajda , Selçuk Hakan , Demirci AN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe cases of two patients with tuberous sclerosis with multiple sites of involvement are presented. Both patients had characteristic cerebral lesions of tuberous sclerosis associated with bilateral renal angiomyolipomas and hepatic hamartomas. Additionally there were diffuse pulmonary cystic changes in one patient and cardiac rhabdomyoma in the other.
Thoracic chordoma mimicking a neurogenic tumour
Authors: Holden A , Khangure M , Robins P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of chordoma arising in the thoracic spine of a 20‐year‐old man is presented. Plain film and magnetic resonance imaging findings are included. The case is unusual in that the neoplasm presented as dumb‐bell‐shaped extradural mass, traversing and expanding a thoracic neural foramen and thereby mimicking a neurogenic tumour.
Gadolinium‐enhanced dynamic MRI of the fractured carpal scaphoid: Preliminary results
Authors: Munk Peter L , Lee Mark J , Janzen Dennis L , Vellet A Dale , Connell Douglas G , Poon Peter Y , Logan P Mark , Favero Kenneth J , Struk Daniel 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of the present report was to evaluate the vascularity of fracture fragments of the fractured carpal scaphoid in the acute (< 4 weeks) and chronic (> 3 months) phases using a gadolinium‐enhanced dynamic MRI sequence. Eight patients with acute scaphoid fractures, six patients with chronic scaphoid fractures, and three control patients without fractures were evaluated using a T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled acquisition (fSPGR) sequence with gadolinium‐DTPA enhancement (0.1 mmol/kg bodyweight). Signal intensity over time plots were obtained using region of interest measurements from both fracture fragments. Enhancement factors (EF) were then calculated from the plots. No enhancement of the scaphoid was seen in control subjects (EF: distal scaphoid pole 1.04 ±0.01, proximal pole 1.07 ± 0.08). In acute fracture patients, enhancement of the distal pole was greater than that of the proximal in all cases but one in which the two poles enhanced in a similar fashion (EF: distal 1.99 ± 0.77, proximal 1.43 ± 0.99). In chronic fracture patients the enhancement pattern was reversed, as the proximal pole enhanced to a greater degree than the distal with the exception of one case where both poles enhanced equally (EF: distal 1.74 ± 0.52, proximal 2.64 ± 0.50). Using a two‐tailed non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney U‐test, the difference in enhancement of the proximal poles between the acute and chronic groups was found to be highly significant (P < 0.003). Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (fSPGR) MRI demonstrates significant differences in the enhancement patterns of the scaphoid when chronic and acute fractures are compared.
Thyroid dysfunction after mantle irradiation of Hodgkin's disease patients
Authors: Khoo VS , Liew KH , Crennan EC , D'Costa IM , Quong G 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThyroid dysfunction can develop in patients with Hodgkin's disease who are treated with mantle irradiation. During the period 1970‐89, the records of 320 patients who received mantle irradiation and who had thyroid function tests (TFT) were retrospectively reviewed. The median age was 30 years (range, 7‐69 years). The median mantle and thyroid dose was 36 Gy (range, 30‐40 Gy) and 39.8 Gy (range, 32‐65 Gy), respectively. Overall thyroid dysfunction was present in 39% of the patients. Clinical hypothyroidism was seen in 10% and biochemical hypothyroidism was noted in 25%. Hyperthyroidism was found in 4% of patients. Thyroid nodules had developed in six patients (2%), of which those in four patients were malignant. Age, sex, histological subtype, stage of disease, dose, lymphangiogram and treatment with chemotherapy were not significant factors in the development of thyroid dysfunction. The narrow dose range prevented adequate analysis of dose effect. The results indicate that the incidence of thyroid abnormalities is high enough to warrant regular TFT assessment with pre‐irradiation levels and follow‐up testing for life because the development of abnormalities can occur many years later. Thyroid examination should form part of the routine follow‐up examination and any abnormality should be promptly investigated.
Late effects of radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma: The patient's perspective of bladder, bowel and sexual morbidity
Authors: Franklin CIV , Parker CA , Morton KM 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe patients’perceptions of the late effects of radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate on bladder, bowel and sexual function were determined by using a self‐administered questionnaire which was posted in June 1996 to patients who had been treated for carcinoma of the prostate between February 1993 and April 1994 at the Htrston centre of the Queensland Radium Institute. The questions were based on the SOMA‐LENT subjective scales. Moderate bladder morbidity was reported by 15% of patients, with 2% reporting major morbidity. Moderate bowel morbidity was reported by 19% of patients with 2% reporting major morbidity, the major symptoms being bowel urgency and mucus discharge. Sexual function was a problem, with 72% of patients reporting dissatisfaction with their current level of sexual activity.