bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring contractile protein mechanisms and target medications for cardiomyopathic patients with diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Gerber Dustin , Quan Junjun , Pan Bo , Huang Xupei , Tian Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenetic defects have been increasingly found in cardiomyopathies, which are often present with mutations in cardiac contractile proteins. These congenital defects involve numerous intracellular pathways and share several critical clinical features, such as systolic or diastolic dysfunction fostering the various cardiomyopathic phenotypes. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) share a common pathological feature, that is, diastolic dysfunction. Studies have shown that mutations of contractile proteins, especially myosin heavy chain and troponin, are tightly associated with diastolic dysfunction in patients with Cardiomyopathies (CMs), including pediatric patients with CM. Therapeutics, including green tea extract (epigallocatechin gallate) and mavacamten, interact directly with these contractile proteins and have shown promising results. This article will review recent and contemporary research on diastolic dysfunction in CMs, especially hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and RCM, which include their target proteins, mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and potential therapies.
Sustainable biocomposites from pyrolyzed lignin and recycled nylon 6 with enhanced flame retardant behavior: Studies on manufacturing and quality performance evaluation
Authors: Muir Victoria , Tripathi Neelima , Rodriguez‐Uribe Arturo , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recycled nylon (RN)‐based biocomposites were fabricated by adding 25% lignin biocarbon. Lignin was pyrolyzed at 300, 600, and 900°C to produce Lig300, Lig600, and Lig900 biocarbon (BioC) samples, respectively. Higher functionality of Lig600 (unlike Lig900) allowed for improved interfacial interaction with the polar nylon matrix. Mechanical properties were further enhanced for RN_Lig600 composite with enhanced flexural and tensile strength by 18% and 8%, respectively, compared to neat polymer (RN). RN_Lig900 composite showed enhancement in tensile and flexural modulus by 32.6% and 51.1%, respectively, compared to RN. Incorporation of Lig900 in RN matrix resulted in 77.9% reduction in burning rate compared to RN. These results show the potential of lignin BioC as a filler in RN composites for flame retardant applications and mechanical enhancement, such as in the automotive industry.Highlights
Effect of pyrolysis temperatures (300, 600, and 900°C) on lignin biomass.
Composites prepared from recycled polyamide 6 from carpet waste and biocarbon.
Improved interfacial adhesion of 600°C biocarbon with recycled nylon matrix.
Enhanced thermal, mechanical properties, reduced flammability of biocomposites.
Sustainable biocomposites with 900°C biocarbon reduced burning rate by 78%.
Measuring maladaptive personality traits with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II Screening Questionnaire using a common metrics approach
Authors: Krasniqi Cameri , Müller Steffen , Wendt Leon P. , Fischer Felix H. , Spitzer Carsten , Zimmermann Johannes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe classification of personality disorder (PD) is undergoing a paradigm shift in which categorically defined specific PDs are being replaced by dimensionally defined maladaptive trait domains. To bridge the classificatory approaches, this study attempts to use items from the categorical PD model in DSM‐IV to measure the maladaptive trait domains described in DSM‐5 Section III/ICD‐11. A general population sample comprising 1228 participants completed the Screening Questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II (SCID‐II‐SQ), the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5), and the anankastia scale of the Personality Inventory for ICD‐11 (PiCD). Using item response theory models and a psychometric linking technique, SCID‐II‐SQ items were evaluated for their contribution to measuring maladaptive trait domains. The best discriminating items were then selected to derive proxy scales. We found that convergent validity of these proxy scales was in a similar range to that of other self‐report measures for PD, except for the proxy scale for PiCD anankastia. However, only the proxy scale for negative affectivity showed acceptable reliability that would allow its application in research settings. Future studies should seek to establish a common metric between specific PDs and maladaptive trait domains using self‐report measures with higher specificity or semi‐structured interviews.
Association between electrodiagnosis and neuromuscular ultrasound in the diagnosis and assessment of severity of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Sheen Soun , Ahmed Aabra , Raiford Mattie E. , Jones Courtney M. C. , Morrison Eric , Hauber Kurt , Orsini John , Hammert Warren C. , Speach David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuromuscular ultrasound plays an increasing role in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). There are limited data supporting the correlation between the electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound measurements in CTS.ObjectiveTo assess the association between different electrodiagnostic severities and ultrasound measurements of the median nerve in CTS.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingAn academic tertiary care center.PatientsPatients 18 years or older evaluated with upper limb electrodiagnostic studies and neuromuscular ultrasound.Main outcome measurementUltrasound measurements of the median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) at the wrist and the calculated wrist‐to‐forearm ratio (WFR) were compared with the electrodiagnostic severity (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Mean analysis and analysis of variance test (α = 0.05) were performed to assess the association.ResultsA total of 1359 limbs were identified. There was a statistically significant association between electrodiagnostic severity of CTS and median nerve CSA at the wrist (p < .001), as well as the WFR (p < .001). The mean median nerve CSA at the wrist and WFR were 7.01 ± 2.06 mm2 (95% CI: 6.80–7.20) and 1.24 ± 0.36 (95% CI: 1.16–1.24) in electrodiagnostically normal median nerves, 10.47 ± 2.82 mm2 (95% CI: 10.25–10.75) and 2.06 ± 0.67 (95% CI: 2.04–2.16) in electrodiagnostically mild CTS, 12.95 ± 4.74 mm2 (95% CI: 12.41–13.59) and 2.49 ± 1.04 (95% CI: 2.37, 2.63) in electrodiagnostically moderate CTS, and 14.69 ± 5.38 mm2 (95% CI: 13.95–15.44) and 2.71 ± 1.02 (95% CI: 2.56–2.84) in electrodiagnostically severe CTS, respectively.ConclusionThis study suggests a direct association between electrodiagnostic severity and ultrasound measurements of the median nerve in patients with suspected CTS.
The graft‐versus‐host problem for data‐driven gravity‐wave parameterizations in a one‐dimensional quasibiennial oscillation model
Authors: Shamir Ofer , Connelly David S. , Hardiman Steven C. , Shao Zihan , Yang L. Minah , Gerber Edwin P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo key challenges in the development of data‐driven gravity‐wave parameterizations are generalization, how to ensure that a data‐driven scheme trained on the present‐day climate will continue to work in a new climate regime, and calibration, how to account for biases in the “host” climate model. Both problems depend fundamentally on the response to out‐of‐sample inputs compared with the training dataset, and are often conflicting. The ability to generalize to new climate regimes often goes hand in hand with sensitivity to model biases. To probe these challenges, we employ a one‐dimensional (1D) quasibiennial oscillation (QBO) model with a stochastic source term that represents convectively generated gravity waves in the Tropics with randomly varying strengths and spectra. We employ an array of machine‐learning models consisting of a fully connected feed‐forward neural network, a dilated convolutional neural network, an encoder–decoder, a boosted forest, and a support‐vector regression model. Our results demonstrate that data‐driven schemes trained on “observations” can be critically sensitive to model biases in the wave sources. While able to emulate accurately the stochastic source term on which they were trained, all of our schemes fail to simulate fully the expected QBO period or amplitude, even with the slightest perturbation to the wave sources. The main takeaway is that some measures will always be required to ensure the proper response to climate change and to account for model biases. We examine one approach based on the ideas of optimal transport, where the wave sources in the model are first remapped to the observed one before applying the data‐driven scheme. This approach is agnostic to the data‐driven method and guarantees that the model adheres to the observational constraints, making sure the model yields the right results for the right reasons.
Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide of the K14 Capsular Polysaccharide of Antibiotic Resistant ST25 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate, D46 and O‐Polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii O11
Authors: Rana Abhijit , Kumar Misra Anup 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSynthesis of the pentasaccharide corresponding to the K14 capsular polysaccharide from ST25 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate, D46 and O‐polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii O11 has been achieved in very good yield using a convergent stereoselective [3+2] block glycosylation strategy. The synthetic scheme includes several regio‐ and stereose lective glycosylations as well as orthogonal glycosylation with high yield. Thioglycosides have been used as glycosyl donors using a combination of copper(II) bromide and tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB) as thiophilic activator for 1,2‐cis glycosylation and a combination of N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) as thiophilic activator for 1,2‐trans glycosylation. Glycosyl trichloroacetimidate derivative was used as glycosyl donor using perchloric acid supported on silica (HClO4–SiO2) as activator. A catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction has been carried out for the removal of benzyloxy and benzylidene functional groups using triethylsilane as hydrogen source.
Strong Carbon Layer‐Encapsulated Cobalt Tin Sulfide‐Based Nanoporous Material as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Krishna B. N. Vamsi , Ankinapalli Obula Reddy , Reddy Ayyaluri Ramakrishna , Yu Jae Su 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal demands for cost‐effective, durable, highly active, and bifunctional catalysts for metal–air batteries are tremendously increasing in scientific research fields. In this work, a strategy for the rational fabrication of carbon layer‐encapsulated cobalt tin sulfide nanopores (CoSnOH/S@C NPs) material as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc (Zn)–air batteries by a cost‐effective and facile two‐step hydrothermal method is reported. Moreover, the effect of metal elements on the morphology of CoSnOH nanodisks material via the hydrothermal method is investigated. Owing to its excellent nanostructure, exclusive porous network, and high specific surface area, the optimized CoSnOH/S@C NPs material reveals superior catalytic properties. The as‐prepared CoSnOH/S@C NPs electrocatalyst reveals better properties of oxygen reduction reaction (half‐wave potential of −0.88 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and oxygen evolution reaction (overpotential of 137 mV at 10 mA cm−2) when compared with commercial Pt/C and IrO2 catalyst materials. Most significantly, the CoSnO/S@C NPs‐based Zn–air battery exhibits more excellent cycling stability than the Pt/C+IrO2 catalyst‐based one. Consequently, the proposed material provides a new route for fabricating more active and stable multifunctional catalyst materials for energy conversion and storage systems.
Tailored Yolk‐Shell Design to Silicon Microparticles via Scalable and Template‐Free Synthesis for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Wu Hao , Wen Hong , Wang Chen , Li Fenghui , Chen Yifan , Su Liwei , Wang Lianbang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrometer‐sized Si particles are beneficial to practical lithium‐ion batteries in regard to low cost and high volumetric energy density in comparison with nanostructured Si anodes. However, both the issues of electrical contact loss and overgrowth of solid electrolyte interface for microscale Si induced by colossal volume change still remain to be addressed. Herein, a scalable and template‐free method is introduced to fabricate yolk‐shell structured Si anode from commercially available Si microparticles. The void is created via a one‐step alkali etching process with the remaining silicon core as the yolk, and a double‐walled shell is formed from simultaneous in situ growth of the conformal native oxide layer and subsequent carbon coating. In this configuration, the well‐defined void spaces allow the Si core to expand without compromising structural integrity, while the double‐walled shell acts as a static capsule to confine silicon fragments despite likely particle fracture. Therefore, electrical connectivity is maintained on both the particle and electrode level during deep galvanostatic cycling, and the solid‐electrolyte interface is stabilized on the shell surface. Owing to the benefits of tailored design, excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles) and high coulombic efficiency (99.5%) are realized in a practical full‐cell demonstration.
Tailoring the Molecular Planarity of Perylene Diimide‐Based Third Component toward Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Ren Jiaqi , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Baofeng , Liang Zezhou , Jee Min Hun , Qin Hongmei , Su Wenyan , Woo Han Young , Gao Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncorporating a third component into binary organic solar cells (b‐OSCs) has provided a potential platform to boost power conversion efficiency (PCEs). However, gaining control over the non‐equilibrium blend morphology via the molecular design of the perylene diimide (PDI)‐based third component toward efficient ternary organic solar cells (t‐OSCs) still remains challenging. Herein, two novel PDI derivatives are developed with tailored molecular planarity, namely ufBTz‐2PDI and fBTz‐2PDI, as the third component for t‐OSCs. Notably, after performing a cyclization reaction, the twisted ufBTz‐2PDI with an amorphous character transferred to the highly planar fBTz‐2PDI followed by a semi‐crystalline character. When incorporating the semi‐crystalline fBTz‐2PDI into the D18:L8‐BO system, the resultant t‐OSC achieved an impressive PCE of 18.56%, surpassing the 17.88% attained in b‐OSCs. In comparison, the addition of amorphous ufBTz‐2PDI into the binary system facilitates additional charge trap sites and results in a deteriorative PCE of 14.37%. Additionally, The third component fBTz‐2PDI possesses a good generality in optimizing the PCEs of several b‐OSCs systems are demonstrated. The results not only provided a novel A‐DA'D‐A motif for further designing efficient third component but also demonstrated the crucial role of modulated crystallinity of the PDI‐based third component in optimizing PCEs of t‐OSCs.
Mechanically Robust, Durable, and Multifunctional Hyper‐Crosslinked Elastomer Based on Metal–Organic‐Cluster Crosslinker: The Role of Topological Structure
Authors: Huang Qi‐Sheng , Ma Yan , Luo Yan‐Long , Li Dong‐Ping , Li Cheng‐Hui , Li Yong‐Xiu , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymer materials formed by conventional metal‐ligand bonds have very low branch functionality, the crosslinker of such polymer usually consists of 2–4 polymer chains and a single metal ion. Thus, these materials are weak, soft, humidity‐sensitive, and unable to withstand their shape under long‐term service. In this work, a new hyperbranched metal–organic cluster (MOC) crosslinker containing up to 16 vinyl groups is prepared by a straightforward coordination reaction. Compared with the current typical synthesis of metal–organic cages (MOCs) or metal–organic‐polyhedra (MOP) crosslinkers with complex operations and low yield, the preparation of the MOC is simple and gram‐scale. Thus, MOC can serve as a high‐connectivity crosslinker to construct hyper‐crosslinked polymer networks. The as‐prepared elastomer exhibits mechanical robustness, creep‐resistance, and humidity‐stability. Besides, the elastomer possesses self‐healing and recyclability at mild condition as well as fluorescence stability. These impressive comprehensive properties are proven to originate from the hyper‐crosslinked topological structure and microphase‐separated morphology. The MOC‐driven hyper‐crosslinked elastomers provide a new solution for the construction of mechanically robust, durable, and multifunctional polymers.
Optical Control over Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Jia Liyan , Gao Shan , Qiao Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is responsible for the emergence of intracellular membrane‐less organelles and the development of coacervate protocells. Benefitting from the advantages of simplicity, precision, programmability, and noninvasiveness, light has become an effective tool to regulate the assembly dynamics of LLPS, and mediate various biochemical processes associated with LLPS. In this review, recent advances in optically controlling membrane‐less organelles within living organisms are summarized, thereby modulating a series of biological processes including irreversible protein aggregation pathologies, transcription activation, metabolic flux, genomic rearrangements, and enzymatic reactions. Among these, the intracellular systems (i.e., optoDroplet, Corelet, PixELL, CasDrop, and other optogenetic systems) that enable the photo‐mediated control over biomolecular condensation are highlighted. The design of photoactive complex coacervate protocells in laboratory settings by utilizing photochromic molecules such as azobenzene and diarylethene is further discussed. This review is expected to provide in‐depth insights into phase separation‐associated biochemical processes, bio‐metabolism, and diseases.
Ultra‐Thin GaAs Single‐Junction Solar Cells for Self‐Powered Skin‐Compatible Electrocardiogram Sensors
Authors: Nam Yonghyun , Shin Dongjoon , Choi Jun‐Gyu , Lee Inho , Moon Sunghyun , Yun Yeojun , Lee Won‐June , Park Ikmo , Park Sungjun , Lee Jaejin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGaAs thin‐film solar cells have high efficiency, reliability, and operational stability, making them a promising solution for self‐powered skin‐conformal biosensors. However, inherent device thickness limits suitability for such applications, making them uncomfortable and unreliable in flexural environments. Therefore, reducing the flexural rigidity becomes crucial for integration with skin‐compatible electronic devices. Herein, this study demonstrated a novel one‐step surface modification bonding methodology, allowing a streamlined transfer process of ultra‐thin (2.3 µm thick) GaAs solar cells on flexible polymer substrates. This reproducible technique enables strong bonding between dissimilar materials (GaAs‐polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) without high external pressures and temperatures. The fabricated solar cell showed exceptional performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.018 V, short‐circuit current density of 20.641 mA cm−2, fill factor of 79.83%, and power conversion efficiency of 16.77%. To prove the concept, the solar cell is integrated with a skin‐compatible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). Competitive electrical outputs of GaAs solar cells enabled high current levels of OECT under subtle light intensities lower than 50 mW cm−2, which demonstrates a self‐powered electrocardiogram sensor with low noise (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 32.68 dB). Overall, this study presents a promising solution for the development of free‐form and comfortable device structures that can continuously power wearable devices and biosensors.
A Thiol Branched 3D Network Quasi Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte Reinforced by Covalent Organic Frameworks for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Tang Kehan , Bai Qiaoshuang , Xu Peiwen , Liu Ruliang , Xue Shoufeng , Liu Shaohong , Zhu Youlong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuasi solid‐state polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) are particularly attractive due to their high ionic conductivity and excellent safety for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, it is still a great challenge for QSPEs to achieve strong mechanical strength and high electrochemical performance simultaneously. Herein, a QSPE (SCOF‐PEP‐PEA) using a covalent organic framework (COF) containing abundant allyl groups (SCOF) as a rigid porous filler as well as a cross‐linker to reinforce the polymer network is reported. Benefitting from the unique 3D nanonetwork structure and abundant lithiophilic functional groups, SCOF‐PEP‐PEA QSPE exhibits high ionic conductivity (4.0 × 10−4 S cm−1) and high lithium‐ion transference number (0.82) at room temperature. Moreover, SCOF‐PEP‐PEA QSPE displays much improved mechanical strength compared to PEP‐PEA QSPE (AFM Young's modulus: 453 vs 36 MPa). As a result, the Li/LFP full cell with SCOF‐PEP‐PEA QSPE shows great rate performance of 141 mAh g−1 at 1C and delivers a high specific capacity retention of 92% after 220 cycles at 0.5 C (60 °C). This work provides a new strategy to design and prepare high‐performance QSPEs with COFs as porous organic filler, and further expand the application of COFs for energy storage applications.
The Translucence of the Missionary Translation in Seventeenth-Century South India: Cultural Filters, Translation Policies, Textual and Conceptual Grids
Authors: Nardini Giulia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates how religions are based on the process of translating religious concepts and practices, and how different translations have brought about different understandings and representations of religions in the past and may continue to do so in the present. Proceeding from the notion that the construction of religions is based on a constant process of translation, the focus of the analysis is on the translation process itself. I examine the translation of religious concepts and practices in the missionary context of South India in the sixteenth century, employing “cultural translation” as an analytical tool. In order to analyze the translation process, I apply a theoretical ‘tool kit’—a combination of theories from different translation studies, to a pivotal source, Roberto Nobili’s (1577–1656) Informatio. This Latin treaty was composed for the purpose of translating and accommodating the Tamil Sanskrit Brahmanism of South India so as to explain it to a Latin-speaking Roman audience.