bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of stress indices in gauging clinical activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Duffy Linda C. , Zielezny Maria A. , Marshall James R. , Weiser Milton M. , Phillips James F. , Byers Tim E. , Ogra Pearay L. , Graham Saxon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStress indices are widely available but few have been validated or used for monitoring clinical disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders. One hundred twenty‐three outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) participated in this prospective investigation. Stress events (major events, daily strains, perceived stress) and disease activity were monitored for six consecutive follow‐ups using standardized instruments. We present effect estimates of daily strains on clinical disease activity separately from the effect of major stress events. Our results indicate that the stress measures were moderately correlated, correlation coefficients ranged from .64 to .66. In relation to disease, self‐perceived stress using a stress ladder (r = .31, p < .001) was comparable to probing stress event checklists (major events: r = .34, p < .001; daily strains: r = .20, p = NS). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that each of the three methods of evaluating stress makes a significant contribution, even after adjustment for potential confounders. No substantial increase in the proportion of explained variance was evident in an analysis based on a composite index of events and daily strains. A clinical implications of these results is that while self‐perceptions of emotional stress may be less objective measures, influencing changes in stress perceptions may be useful in the treatment and prevention of IBD.
Symptom exaggeration in a PTSD inpatient population: Response set or claim for compensation
Authors: Jordan Randall G. , Nunley Thomas V. , Cook Roy R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between service‐connection (financial compensation) and exaggeration of PTSD symptoms. Sixty inpatient Vietnam combat veterans in PTSD treatment comprised three groups: those financially compensated for PTSD, those financially compensated for physical or other mental problems, and those not financially compensated. Results indicate that those veterans who are not service‐connected do not exaggerate symptoms on the MMPI F‐scale more than those who are service‐connected. Also, F scores reported for inpatient PTSD were higher than previously established cut‐off criteria found chiefly in outpatient populations. Implications for therapists' biases concerning financial compensation and symptom claims are discussed in terms of their clinical relevance.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in child sexual abuse survivors: A literature review
Authors: Rowan Anderson B. , Foy David W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResearch to date has failed to identify a unique syndrome describing the sequelae of child sexual abuse (CSA). Recently, however, some researchers have suggested Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder as the diagnosis which best fits the syndrome commonly seen in CSA survivors. Research examining the consequences of CSA in terms of the applicability of a PTSD diagnosis is reviewed. Additionally, based on findings of significant relationships between PTSD and traumatic exposure in other trauma groups, this review also examines studies which have investigated relationships between exposure and symptom development among CSA survivors. Finally, conclusions regarding the applicability of PTSD to CSA survivors and suggestions for future research are offered.
Self‐reported amnesia for abuse in adults molested as children
Authors: Briere John , Conte Jon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA sample of 450 adult clinical subjects reporting sexual abuse histories were studied regarding their repression of sexual abuse incidents. A total of 267 subjects (59.3%) identified some period in their lives, before age 18, when they had no memory of their abuse. Variables most predictive of abuse‐related amnesia were greater current psychological symptoms, molestation at an early age, extended abuse, and variables reflecting especially violent abuse (e.g., victimization by multiple perpetrators, having been physically injured as a result of the abuse, victim fears of death if she or he disclosed the abuse to others). In contrast, abuse characteristics more likely to produce psychological conflict (e.g., enjoyment of the abuse, acceptance of bribes, feelings of guilt or shame) were not associated with abuse‐related amnesia. The results of this study are interpreted as supporting Freud's initial “seduction hypothesis,” as well as more recent theories of post‐traumatic dissociation.
From hysterical psychosis to reactive dissociative psychosis
Authors: van der Hart Onno , Witztum Eliezer , Friedman Barbara 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper Reactive Dissociative Psychosis (RDP) is seen as a post‐traumatic stress response and as a subcategory of Brief Reactive Psychosis (BRP). A review of the literature and the evolution of RDP from Hysteria and Hysterical Psychosis are given. Issue is taken with defining the duration of BRP as “Brief.” The authors argue that long‐standing psychotic symptoms may be traumatically induced. The dissociative aspects of RDP as its key feature and the concomitant implications for accurate diagnosis are proposed. The usefulness of applying hypnosis in RDP treatment is summarized in a case study from Janet and detailed in a case from the authors' practice.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in Dutch psychiatric in‐patients
Authors: Hovens Johan E. , van der Ploeg Henk M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study addresses the use of standardized PTSD scales in determining traumatization in psychiatric inpatients. Twenty‐eight (53%) out of 53 psychiatric inpatients reported an experience of a psychological trauma. Fifteen subjects did fulfill the stressor criterion of DSM‐III‐R, while the trauma of another 12 subjects appeared to be a major negative life event. On two PTSD scales, on average, the 15 traumatized subjects showed the highest scores. On these PTSD scales the 12 subjects with major life events appeared to resemble the nontraumatized subjects. In general psychiatric symptomatology, as measured by the SCL‐90, the traumatized subjects showed a significant higher Phobic Anxiety score. It is concluded that specific PTSD scales can differentiate between ‘objectively’ traumatized patients and other patients, while a general psychiatric screening instrument (SCL‐90) cannot.
Depersonalization as a defense mechanism in survivors of trauma
Authors: Shilony Etay , Grossman Frances K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study examines the relationship between experiencing depersonalization during traumatic events and subsequent psychiatric symptomatology. Participants were 75 Boston University undergraduate students who reported 186 traumatic events. Information about their experiences of depersonalization during these events was obtained by the Depersonalization Questionnaire (DQ) a scale based primarily on the Dissociation Experience Scale (Bernstein and Putnam, 1986). Symptomatology was measured by the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (Derogatis, 1977). As predicted the participants who experienced depersonalization during traumatic events were found to be significantly lower than those who did not on 7 out of the 9 SCL‐90‐R subscales and the General Severity Index (GSI) scale. When the severity of trauma was statistically controlled for, the significant differences between the two groups held up on five of the nine subscales and the GSI scale. These differences remained as significant when statistically controlling for the time that passed since the traumatic events. These findings suggest that, for this sample, depersonalization during traumatic events played a significant role in defending them from the full impact of these events.
Families under war: Stresses and strains of Israeli families during the Gulf war
Authors: Lavee Yoav , Ben‐David Amith 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study assessed sources of stress, perception of the situation, and effect of the war upon Israeli families during the first week of the Gulf war. Sixty six families were randomly selected and were telephone interviewed using a semi‐structured questionnaire. Responses to questions regarding the stresses and strains of war and their effect on the family are described. Four sources of stress seemed to affect families: Existential fear, ambiguity, war‐related hardships, and intrafamily strain. Families perceived the situation along a continuum ranging from catastrophic, through difficult but optimistic, to bearable. The effect of the war situation on families was assessed by respondents as positive, neutral or negative. The findings are discussed in terms of their relation to four types of family response in a shared stressful situation.
Changes in outlook following disaster: The preliminary development of a measure to assess positive and negative responses
Authors: Joseph Stephen , Williams Ruth , Yule William 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough the introduction of PTSD (APA, 1980, 1987) has fueled much interest into the psychological sequelae of disaster, little attention has been paid to the more existential changes in outlook many survivors report. Preliminary work on the development of a measure to assess both positive and negative responses to disaster is presented.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans: An experimental validation of the DSM‐III diagnostic criteria
Authors: Zimering Rose , Caddell Juesta M. , Fairbank John A. , Keane Terence M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe DSM‐III criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were derived clinically and have been substantiated in the literature only by self‐report data while evaluation of these same criteria with more objective measures has been overlooked. This study provided a laboratory‐based evaluation of the DSM‐III criterion symptoms of PTSD with six symptoms of the disorder which were operationalized as cognitive, behavioral and psychophysiological measures. The responses of 16 Vietnam combat veterans who met the criteria for a PTSD diagnosis were compared to those of 16 well‐adjusted combat veterans without PTSD. Dependent measures were obtained twice, following exposure to first control and then combat auditory stimuli. Results showed that five of the six measures were effective in differentiating the two combat veteran groups. These findings provided experimental support and construct validity for five DSM‐III criteria of PTSD. The implications of these findings for the DSM‐III‐R PTSD diagnostic criteria are discussed.
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Foa Edna B. , Riggs David S. , Dancu Constance V. , Rothbaum Barbara O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examines the psychometric properties of two versions of the PTSD Sympton Scale (PSS). The scale contains 17 items that diagnose PTSD according to DSM‐III‐R criteria and assess the severity of PTSD symptoms. An interview and self‐report version of the PSS were administered to a sample of 118 recent rape and non‐sexual assault victims. The results indicate that both versions of the PSS have satisfactory internal consistency, high test‐retest reliability, and good concurrent validity. The interview version yielded high interrater agreement when administred separately by two interviewers and excellent convergent validity with the SCID. When used to diagnose PTSD, the self‐report version of the PSS was somewhat more conservative than the interview version.
The victim in the system: The influence of police responsiveness on victim alienation
Authors: Norris Fran H. , Thompson Martie P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCausal modeling procedures were used to examine the interrelations of crime characteristics (severity, acquaintance), criminal justice system experiences (police concern, arrest, satisfaction), and alienation (cynicism, pessimism, hopelessness) in a sample of 220 crime victims. More severe crimes and acquaintance crimes led to greater alienation, but satisfaction led to lower alienation. Police concern had indirect effects on alienation by making victim satisfaction more likely. Tests of these indirect effects indicated that actual arrests were less important in reducing alienation than was the simple assurance from police that they would investigate the crime. Additional analyses showed that these relations did not vary substantially across subgroups in the sample defined by residence, sex, age, and other status factors. Overall, the findings show that the behavior of criminal justice officials can intensify or allay the victim's alienated state.
Psychological status of chernobyl nuclear power plant operators after the nuclear disaster
Authors: Koscheyev Victor S. , Martens Vladimir K. , Kosenkov Alexander A. , Lartzev Michael A. , Leon Gloria R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChief operators at the Chernobyl power plant were assessed at four time points after the nuclear disaster and compared to a comparable group of chief operators at another nuclear power station. MMPI findings demonstrated a significant increase over time in health concerns, depression, and other indicators of stress in those operators working at the station at the time of the assessment. There was also an increase in the proportion with at least one MMPI clinical scale in the abnormal range. The authors hypothesize that the continuing uncertainty of the safety of working at Chernobyl may have contributed to these findings by either increasing the stress levels of those who remained at this power station, or through attracting workers who were less well adjusted before volunteering to work there.
Vietnamese refugees with PTSD symptomatology: Intervention via a coping skills model
Authors: Snodgrass Lanny L. , Yamamoto Joe , Frederic Calvin , Ton‐That Niem , Foy David W. , Chan Louisa , Wu Joseph , Hahn Pock Hee , Shinh Donna Y. , Nguyen Loc Huu , de Jonge Julie , Fairbanks Lynn 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe current study of Vietnamese refugee students revealed that the majority had experienced multiple traumatic events and reported moderate to severe PTSD symptomatology. A stress intervention module (SIT), designed to treat rape victims, was introduced to determine its efficacy for the treatment of Vietnamese refugees with PTSD symptoms. Postintervention PTSD symptomatology was significantly reduced contrasted to virtually no change in symptomatology for the control subjects. Serious methodological concerns, e.g., selection bias, sample size, are highlighted in the paper. The current inquiry is essentially a pilot study. The paper is intended for heuristic value. Clinical literature is extant for culturally sensitive intervention approaches for this vulnerable population.
Cross‐cultural response to trauma: A study of traumatic experiences and posttraumatic symptoms in cambodian refugees
Authors: Carlson Eve Bernstein , Rosser‐Hogan Rhonda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite a growing literature of cross‐cultural research on mental illness, little is known about the universality of most psychiatric disorders. This study was designed to determine whether people from a very different culture have the same symptoms in response to traumatic experiences as do trauma survivors in the United States. We were also interested to find out if the severity of the current symptoms is related to the amount of trauma experienced. Furthermore, we gathered information about the perceived severity of traumatic experiences among refugees. Fifty Cambodian refugees living in the U.S. were asked about their traumatic experiences and their current symptoms of posttraumatic stress, dissociation, depression, and anxiety. High levels of all symptoms were found along with statistically significant relationships between each symptom measure and the amount of trauma experienced. We conclude that the basic symptom picture in this group was similar to that observed in U.S. trauma survivors.
Educational, occupational, and relationship histories of men who were sexually and/or physically abused as children
Authors: Lisak David , Luster Laura 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNinety men (mean age 26) at an urban Northeastern university were administered a self‐report assessment of their early sexual and physical abuse experiences, and their educational, occupational, relationship, and substance abuse histories. Subjects were classified as sexually abused according to criteria used by Wyatt (1985) and Finkelhor (1979). Sixteen men (17.8%) experienced sexual abuse alone, 22 men (24.4%) physical abuse alone, 15 men (16.7%) both sexual and physical abuse, and 37 men (41.1%) were classified as nonabused. Of the 31 men who reported sexual abuse, 24 (77.4%) were contact, the rest noncontact. Sexually abused men reported significantly greater difficulties than nonabused men at all levels of education: grade school, high school and college. They also reported more negative job experiences and more negative experiences in relationships. Physically abused men showed a similar but less pervasive pattern of difficulties. Substance abuse was significantly more prevalent among both sexually and physically abused men than among nonabused subjects.
A shooting incident in an elementary school: Effects of worker stress on public safety, mental health, and medical personnel
Authors: Sloan Ira H. , Rozensky Ronald H. , Kaplan Leslie , Saunders Stephen M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of impact of event and five categories of worker stress were studied with 140 police, fire, medical, and mental health personnel who were involved in emergency service work following a shooting in an elementary school. A questionnaire distributed 6 months after the incident was utilized. Public safety personnel reported a recollection of significantly fewer intrusive thoughts than medical and mental health professionals immediately following the incident. Groups did not differ in intrusive or avoidance scores on the Impact of Event Scale 6 months after the event and all groups showed a significant decrease in both scores over time. Stepwise linear regression showed that a self‐reported qualitatively heavy work load predicted intrusiveness and avoidance of thoughts both immediately after and at the 6‐month anniversary of the incident. Additionally, time pressure and quantitatively heavy work load also predicted avoidance score at the time of the incident. Results are discussed in terms of control models of anxiety and as foci for debriefing with affected personnel.
Group treatment of adult male inpatients abused as children
Authors: Zaidi Lisa Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent research indicates that childhood abuse experiences characterize a large subset of psychiatric inpatients. This paper presents a time‐limited pilot group developed for adult male abuse survivors in an inpatient setting using: (1) techniques adapted from the existing literature on treatment of abuse survivors; and (2) approaches deriving from the interface of theory and current manifestations of distress. The eclectic therapeutic approach incorporated psychoeducational, cognitive, behavioral, and art therapy techniques presented below in a session‐by‐session format.
Visual imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Harvey Allison G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVisual imagery is reported to play a central role m posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This pilot investigation examined visual imagery ability in patients with varying degrees of posttraumatic stress. Eighty one survivors of motor vehicle accidents with either (a) diagnosed PTSD, (b) diagnosed Specific Phobia, or (c) no psychiatric diagnosis and low anxiety were assessed on a measure of vividness of visual imagery. Low Anxiety subjects displayed superior visual imagery compared to PTSD and Specific Phobic subjects. Incidence of flashbacks and nightmares, however, was associated with visual imagery ability in PTSD subjects. Findings suggest that visual imagery ability may be associated with PTSD flashbacks. These results are discussed in terms of use of imagery‐based treatments with traumatized patients, and of the need for further investigation of the role that imagery plays in posttraumatic adjustment.
The Keane PTSD scale extracted from the MMPI: Sensitivity and specificity with Vietnam veterans
Authors: Scotti Joseph R. , Sturges Lois Veltum , Lyons Judith A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study was conducted to further investigate whether the Keane Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) can be employed as a separate instrument administered outside the context of the full MMPI. A group of Vietnam combat veterans with diagnosed PTSD and two comparison groups of veterans without PTSD (Vietnam combat and era veterans) were diagnosed by clinical interviews. Over 84% of the 64 veterans in the study were accurately classified by the Keane PTSD Scale into their original diagnostic groups. Excellent test sensitivity was demonstrated, with 90% of combat veterans with PTSD being properly classified by the Keane PTSD Scale when the recommended cutoff score of 30 was utilized. The clinical and research implications are discussed.
Appraisal of life threat and acute trauma responses in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients
Authors: Stuber Margaret L. , Nader Kathleen O. , Houskamp Beth M. , Pynoos Robert S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough traumatic responses in children are well‐documented following exposure to a variety of life‐threatening circumstances, little is known about the subjective appraisal of children during the acute exposure. This paper presents both descriptive and quantifiable data regarding the responses of children during the acute phase of hospitalization for bone marrow transplantation, an extremely aggressive treatment for otherwise fatal illnesses. Children were able to appreciate the life‐threatening nature of their illness and its treatment. They reported few symptoms consistent with a traumatic stress response. These findings are in contrast to recent data on survivors of childhood cancer, who generally report that they did not understand that their illness posed a threat to their lives, while reporting moderate levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms up to 10 years after completion of successful treatment. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Children's selective coping after a bus disaster: Confronting behavior and perceived support
Authors: Milgram Norman (Noach) , Toubiana Yosef H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractData were obtained from 675 seventh graders grieving the death of 19 and injury of 14 fellow students in a traffic accident. Frequency of confronting behaviors was inversely related to their intensity. Perceived helpfulness of the various support person categories (oneself, parents, siblings, relatives, friends, classmates, classroom teachers, guidance counselors, psychologists) was related to current stress levels, context of the disaster, and prior helping relationships. Personal loss and situational variables affected confronting behavior and stress reaction levels. Specific helpful support persons affected interest in individual and/or group treatment. Findings were consistent with a model of search and selection of helpful support persons in community‐wide stressful situations.