bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic evolution of the Triassic–Jurassic succession in the Western Southern Alps (Italy): the record of the two‐stage rifting on the distal passive margin of Adria
Authors: Berra Fabrizio , Galli Maria Teresa , Reghellin Federico , Torricelli Stefano , Fantoni Roberto 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe Triassic–Lower Jurassic succession of the Southern Alps is characterized by rapid thickness changes, from an average of about 5000 m east of Lago Maggiore to about 500 m in the Western Southern Alps. The stratigraphy reflects the Triassic evolution of the Tethyan Gulf and the Early Jurassic rifting responsible for the Middle Jurassic break‐up of Adria from Europe. The succession of the Western Southern Alps starts with Lower Permian volcanics directly covered by Anisian sandstones. The top of the overlying Ladinian dolostones (300 m) records subaerial exposure and karstification. Locally (Gozzano), Upper Sinemurian sediments cover the Permian volcanics, documenting pre‐Sinemurian erosion. New biostratigraphic data indicate a latest Pliensbachian–Toarcian age for the Jurassic synrift deposits that unconformably cover Ladinian or Sinemurian sediments. Therefore, in the Western Southern Alps, the major rifting stage that directly evolved into the opening of the Penninic Ocean began in the latest Pliensbachian–Toarcian. New data allowed us to refine the evolution of the two previously recognized Jurassic extensional events in the Southern Alps. The youngest extensional event (Western Southern Alps) occurred as tectonic activity decreased in the Lombardy Basin. During the Sinemurian the Gozzano high represents the western shoulder of a rift basin located to the east (Lombardy). This evolution documents a transition from diffuse early rifting (Late Hettangian–Sinemurian), controlled by older discontinuities, to rifting focused along a rift valley close to the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary. This younger rift bridges the gap between the Hettangian–Sinemurian diffuse rifting and the Callovian–Bathonian break‐up. The late Pliensbachian–Toarcian rift, which eventually lead to continental break‐up, is interpreted as the major extensional episode in the evolution of the passive margin of Adria. The transition from diffuse to focused extension in the Southern Alps is comparable to the evolution of the Central Austroalpine during the Early Jurassic and of the Central and Northern Atlantic margins.
‘I am almost like a fish’: an investigation of how children with congenital heart disease experience and perform movement in daily life
Authors: Bjorbækmo W. , Engelsrud G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground  Because of dramatic medical improvements, most children with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood. Nevertheless, they remain in need of long‐term health care. Living with CHD implies having diminished aerobic capacity. As far as we know, no previous study within healthcare research has focused on how children with CHD experience movement and activity in daily life.Methods  In order to examine this topic, a qualitative approach was employed that combined both interviews and observation of 11 children between 7 and 12 years of age and interviews with their parents. The theoretical base of the article is inspired by the philosopher Maurice Merleau‐Ponty and his theory of movement. We use his descriptions of movement as intentional expressions to illuminate how children with CHD move in daily life.Results  The study shows how the children use different strategies to participate in play and that they move to fulfill their first priority: to be together with other children. Despite having limited physical endurance, the children perceive themselves as having the same capabilities as other children and as acting as they do. At the same time, they are not unaware of their own limitations. They adjust and respond to the challenges they face in the different situations to which they are exposed. On one hand, they want others to take their limitations into consideration, while, on the other hand, they do not want others to know about these limitations.Conclusions  In our analysis, we interpret that living with CHD creates situations where the children constantly face their limitations, the gazes of others and their own wish to participate.
Graves' Disease Following Hypothyroidism Due To Hashimoto's Disease: Studies Of Eight Cases
Authors: Takasu N. , Yamada T. , Sato A. , Nakagawa M. , Komiya I. , Nagasawa Y. , Asawa T. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYHashimoto's and Graves' diseases represent the main two types of autoimmune thyroid disease. The combination of these two is well known. However, occurrence of Graves' disease after primary hypothyroidism is rare. We report seven patients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease, who developed Graves' disease with hyperthyroidism. We also report one patient with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease, who continued to be hypothyroid even in the presence of TSAb (thyroid stimulating antibody). These patients were divided into three groups according to the changes in thyroid function and clinical course: (1) transient hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease following hypothyroidism; (2) persistent hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease following hypothyroidism; and (3) persistent hypothyroidism with positive TSAb. Such changes in thyroid function and clinical course seem to be decided by three factors: (1) TSAb and (2) TSBAb (thyroid stimulation blocking antibody) activities in the blood and (3) the responsiveness of the thyroid gland to TSAb. Seven patients had hyperthyroidism, when they had TSAb, which stimulated the thyroid gland; one of these seven patients had TSBAb during the hypothyroid state and TSAb during the hyperthyroid state, indicating that the alterations in the thyroid state related to the balance between the activities of TSAb and TSBAb. Another patient continued to be hypothyroid despite the presence of TSAb; his thyroid gland was not palpable and could not respond to TSAb.
Follow‐Up Study Of Thyroid Stimulating‐Blocking Antibodies In Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Tamai Hajime , Kasagi Kanji , Hara Takeshi , Hidaka Akinari , Morita Tetsuya , Kuma Kanji , Konishi Junji , Kumagai Lindy F. , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIt has been shown that hypothyroidism of some patients may be associated with increased activity of thyroid stimulating‐blocking antibodies (TSBAb). The present study was undertaken to follow the course of thyroid blocking, stimulating immunoglobulins and TSH‐binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) in six hypothyroid patients who had elevated TSBAb and were treated with T4. Four of the six had Graves' disease previously treated with antithyroidal drugs, one had Graves' disease treated with 131I and one had subacute thyroiditis and subsequently became hypothyroid. The patients were followed for 1–5 years. Blocking activity and TBII normalized in four of the six during T4 therapy, so T4 was discontinued and they remained euthyroid. These data indicate that it is important to monitor carefully thyroid function in hypothyroid patients treated with a fixed amount of T4 to avoid subclinical hyperthyroidism and its consequence, e.g. osteoporosis.
The Immunoreactive Inhibin Secretion Pattern In The Midluteal Phase: Relationships With Luteinizing Hormone And Progesterone
Authors: Nakajima Steven T. , McLachlan Robert I. , Cohen Nancy L. , Clifton Donald K. , Bremner William J. , Soules Michael R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYWith the development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for inhibin, luteal phase inhibin levels have been noted to parallel progesterone levels and be acutely dependent upon luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation. To define the midluteal secretory pattern of immunoreactive inhibin and its relationships with LH and progesterone, blood samples were obtained from five normal women every 20 min for a period of 24 h. Individual data series of LH, progesterone and inhibin were analysed for pulsatile secretion using an adaptive‐threshold method. Inhibin levels exhibited a relatively frequent, low‐amplitude pulsatile secretory pattern (14.6 ± 6.9 pulses/24 h (mean ± SE), amplitude = 17% of the mean inhibin level). In contrast, LH levels demonstrated an infrequent high amplitude secretory pattern (6.2 ± 0.7 pulses/24 h, amplitude = 139% of the mean LH level). The average progesterone pulse frequency and amplitude were intermediate to LH and inhibin (9.2 ± 1.2 pulses/24 h, amplitude = 36% of the mean progesterone level). In addition, each individual's hormone data were analysed for coincident pulsatile secretion and cross‐correlations were performed on the data, with one hormone pattern shifted relative to another by 20‐min time intervals. None of the individual inhibin data series showed significant pulse coincidence when compared to the LH or progesterone data series. The cross‐correlation analysis, however, revealed a significant (P < 0.05) relationship in general trends between the inhibin and LH data series, and the inhibin and progesterone data series in three subjects. These findings suggest that (1) inhibin exhibits a relatively frequent low‐amplitude pulsatile secretory pattern in comparison to LH and progesterone in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and (2) while the secretion of these three hormones is interrelated, there is not a strong coupling between secretory pulses of inhibin and either LH or progesterone pulses.
Pulsatile Gnrh‐Stimulated Lh Release From The Human Fetal Pituitary In Vztro: Sex‐Associated Differences
Authors: Rossmanith W. G. , Swartz W. H. , Tueros V. S. , Yen S. S. C. , Rasmusse D. D. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAn in‐vitro perifusion system was utilized to examine LH release from human fetal (19–24 weeks gestation) anterior pituitaries during repetitive GnRH stimulations. Pituitaries (five male, four female) were dissected into halves, and one hemipituitary of each pair was stimulated with 10‐min pulses of 1 nm GnRH administered at 60‐min intervals over 24h, whereas the matching hemipituitary received pulses of medium alone. Basal (no GnRH stimulation) LH release from female hemipituitaries was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than from male hemipituitaries, and the amplitude of LH release associated with GnRH pulses was sixfold greater (P < 0.001) with female hemipituitaries. Furthermore, the magnitude of LH release associated with individual GnRH pulses was significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced during the course of female hemipituitary perifusions, but not during perifusion of male hemipituitaries. These studies demonstrate that LH secretion by the female, but not male, mid‐gestational human fetal pituitary is increased in response to a physiological pattern and interval of repeated pulsatile GnRH stimulation in vitro.
Detection Of Autoantibodies To Recombinant Human Thyroid Peroxidase By Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Kendler D. L. , Martin A. , Magnusson R. P. , Davies T. F. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAutoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the thyroid ‘microsomal’ antigen, are widely utilized in the diagnosis of human autoimmune thyroid disease. Crude human thyroid preparations of TPO are of differing potency, contain residual thyroglobulin (Tg) and other human membrane antigens, and are available in only limited amounts. Hence, immunoassays for anti‐TPO are unstandardized and of variable sensitivity and specificity. We co‐transfected the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line with a full‐length human TPO cDNA expression plasmid. We selected a high expressing recombinant TPO positive cell population (CHO‐TPO) by Northern blot analysis, then fluorescence laser flow cytometry using both human polyclonal and murine monoclonal anti‐TPO antibodies. Solubilized 100 000g membrane preparations from both CHO‐TPO and CHO cells were used as antigens in a specific ELISA with CHO antigen serving as background control. In a selected series of known anti‐TPO positive (n = 46) and negative (n = 73) sera there was a high correlation between ELISAs utilizing recombinant or natural‐TPO antigen (r = 0.93). There appeared to be no difference in the affinity of high titre human anti‐TPO for recombinant and natural‐TPO antigen with both ELISAs able to detect 0.05 U/ml of anti‐TPO activity (reference preparation NIBSC 66/387). These data predict a new era in standardized thyroid autoantibody testing utilizing recombinant antigen preparations.
The Responses Of Arginine Vasopressin And Adrenocorticotrophin To Nausea Induced By Ipecacuanha
Authors: Page S. R. , Peterson D. B. , Crosby S. R. , Ang V. T. Y. , White A. , Jenkins J. S. , Nussey S. S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIpecacuanha syrup induces emesis by an early peripheral (gastric irritant) action and a later central effect at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). We have studied the responses of plasma AVP, ACTH and ACTH‐precursors to early and late ipecacuanha‐induced nausea in nine healthy male subjects. Symptom severity was assessed using a linear analogue scale. All subjects reported ‘early’ nausea (N1) with a latency of 16 ± 2 min (mean ± SEM) and eight subjects vomited. Six subjects experienced recurrent nausea (N2) (latency 106 ±10.4 min) of whom five also vomited. The interval between the cessation of N1 and the onset of N2 was 55 ±10.8 min (range 25–80 min). The severity of nausea at the onset of N1 or N2 was similar but the AVP and ACTH responses were highly variable. Thus, while mean plasma AVP concentrations increased during both symptom periods, in three subjects during N1 and in three subjects during N2 plasma AVP concentrations did not rise above the normal range, despite marked symptoms. No clear pattern of AVP response to distinguish early peripheral from late central ipecacuanha‐induced emesis was demonstrated. Whilst mean plasma ACTH concentrations increased during both N1 and N2 there were no changes in mean plasma ACTH‐precursor concentrations. Analysis of pooled data for N1 and N2 demonstrated direct correlations between the nausea score and the peak incremental plasma responses of either AVP or ACTH and, despite the variability, peak incremental concentrations of AVP and of ACTH were also correlated. The data indicate that there is no difference in the AVP responses to peripherally or centrally stimulated ipecacuanha‐induced nausea. In addition, though ACTH precursors were present in the circulation of normal subjects, the lack of response of ACTH precursors to emetic stress suggests that their release is regulated by a different mechanism from that of ACTH.
Screening For Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 In Patients With Recognized Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Andersen Henrik ørbæEk , Jørgensen Per Erik , Bardram Linda , Hilsted Linda 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA total of 79 consecutive patients with pituitary tumours were screened for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN‐1). The 79 patients included 21 patients with acromegaly, nine with Cushing's disease, 18 with prolactinomas, three with mixed pituitary adenomas (GH and PRL), and 28 patients with no detectable hypersecretion of hormones. The screening consisted of: (1) a family history, (2) a uniform medical history of the patient using a standard questionnaire, and (3) hormonal evaluation including measurements of the serum levels of insulin, gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and pancreatic polypeptide. Ionized calcium and glucose concentration in serum were also measured. We found no patients with the MEN‐1 syndrome. In one patient, we found a transient elevation of serum concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide for which we have no explanation. In another patient, the serum gastrin concentration was elevated secondary to achlorhydria. No other endocrine disorders were found, and no patients had relatives with recognized endocrine pancreatic tumours, primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), or pituitary adenomas.
Beyond corals and fish: the effects of climate change on noncoral benthic invertebrates of tropical reefs
Authors: PRZESLAWSKI RACHEL , AHYONG SHANE , BYRNE MARIA , WÖRHEIDE GERT , HUTCHINGS PAT 
Published: October 2008

AbstractClimate change is threatening tropical reefs across the world, with most scientists agreeing that the current changes in climate conditions are occurring at a much faster rate than in the past and are potentially beyond the capacity of reefs to adapt and recover. Current research in tropical ecosystems focuses largely on corals and fishes, although other benthic marine invertebrates provide crucial services to reef systems, with roles in nutrient cycling, water quality regulation, and herbivory. We review available information on the effects of environmental conditions associated with climate change on noncoral tropical benthic invertebrates, including inferences from modern and fossil records. Increasing sea surface temperatures may decrease survivorship and increase the developmental rate, as well as alter the timing of gonad development, spawning, and food availability. The broad latitudinal distribution and associated temperature ranges of several pantropical taxa suggest that some reef communities may have an in‐built adaptive capacity. Tropical benthic invertebrates will also show species‐specific sublethal and lethal responses to sea‐level rise, ocean acidification, physical disturbance, runoff, turbidity, sedimentation, and changes in ocean circulation. In order to accurately predict a species' response to these stressors, we must consider the magnitude and duration of exposure to each stressor, as well as the physiology, mobility, and habitat requirements of the species. Stressors will not act independently, and many organisms will be exposed to multiple stressors concurrently, including anthropogenic stressors. Environmental changes associated with climate change are linked to larger ecological processes, including changes in larval dispersal and recruitment success, shifts in community structure and range extensions, and the establishment and spread of invasive species. Loss of some species will trigger economic losses and negative effects on ecosystem function. Our review is intended to create a framework with which to predict the vulnerability of benthic invertebrates to the stressors associated with climate change, as well as their adaptive capacity. We anticipate that this review will assist scientists, managers, and policy‐makers to better develop and implement regional research and management strategies, based on observed and predicted changes in environmental conditions.
Genotypes on the move: some things old and some things new shape the genetics of colonization during species invasions
Authors: DLUGOSCH KATRINA M. , HAYS CYNTHIA G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhen we set a species loose outside of its historical range, we create opportunities to test fundamental questions about how populations establish, adapt, disperse, and ultimately define range boundaries. A particularly controversial issue here is how genetic variation among and within populations contributes to the dynamics of species distributions. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Rosenthal and colleagues (2008) seize an opportunity to examine how multiple introductions create genetically distinct establishment events and how these are incorporated into invasive spread. Their findings suggest that a particular recombinant lineage of Brachypodium sylvaticum may be responsible for most of the recent expansion of this invader, highlighting the potential importance of genetic novelty and historical context for colonization success.
Transcriptional and biochemical signatures of divergence in natural populations of two species of New Zealand alpinePachycladon
Authors: VOELCKEL C. , HEENAN P. B. , JANSSEN B. , REICHELT M. , FORD K. , HOFMANN R. , LOCKHART P. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNew Zealand is diverse in alpine and subalpine environments, a consequence of Late Tertiary tectonic and climatic change. However, few studies have sought to evaluate the importance of these environments as abiotic drivers in the diversification of plant species. Of particular interest is the Late Tertiary radiation ofPachycladon, an endemic New Zealand genus of alpine cress. Here we report observations on genome‐wide levels of differential expression measured in the habitats of two closely related species ofPachycladonwith distinct altitudinal preferences. UsingArabidopsismicroarrays, we have identified 310 predominantly hormone‐ and stress‐response genes up‐regulated inPachycladon fastigiataand 324 genes up‐regulated inPachycladon enysii. Expression patterns for glucosinolate biosynthesis and hydrolysis genes (MAM1, MAM‐I, MAM‐D, AOP2, ESP, ESM1) as well as flavonoid biosynthesis genes (F3’H, FLS, FAH1) were found to be species specific. Predicted differences in flavonoid contents were partly confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Differences in glucosinolate profiles and glucosinolate hydrolysis products obtained by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, respectively, also supported inferences from expression analyses. Five glucosinolate chemotypes were matched to knownArabidopsisecotypes, and the potential adaptive significance of these chemotypes has been discussed. Our findings, in contrast to expectations for evolution of the New Zealand flora, suggest that biotic drivers, such as plant–herbivore interactions, are likely to be as important as abiotic drivers in the diversification ofPachycladon.
Endogenous IL‐10 Regulates Sepsis‐induced Thymic Apoptosis and Improves Survival in Septic IL‐10 Null Mice
Authors: Tschoeke S. K. , Oberholzer C. , LaFace D. , Hutchins B. , Moldawer L. L. , Oberholzer A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecent studies have shown that increased lymphocyte apoptosis contributes to sepsis‐induced mortality. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that IL‐10 can suppress lymphocyte apoptosis, in part, by upregulating Bcl‐2 expression and interfering with activation induced cell death. We have previously shown that intrathymic delivery of IL‐10 with an adenoviral vector in wild‐type mice significantly improves outcome to sepsis. Presently, we investigated the role of endogenous IL‐10 expression on thymocyte apoptosis and outcome in IL‐10 null mice subject to induction of generalized polymicrobial peritonitis via cecal ligation and puncture. Compared to wild‐type C57BL/6 mice, IL‐10 null mice demonstrated increased mortality and enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis. Intrathymic injection with an adenoviral vector expressing human IL‐10 prior to cecal ligation and puncture in IL‐10 null mice significantly improved outcome and decreased thymic caspase‐3 activity. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of IL‐6 were also significantly reduced in IL‐10 null mice treated with the IL‐10 expressing adenovirus. In contrast, injection of a control adenovirus did not improve outcome in IL‐10 null mice, nor was caspase‐3 activity reduced. Thus, local thymic expression of IL‐10 not only improves outcome but also reduces local tissue apoptosis and caspase‐3 activity, and appears to attenuate the systemic proinflammatory cytokine response.