bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Nearly Monodispersed Polystyrene Particles Formed by Polymerization in a Surfactant-free Emulsion with Silica Particles
Authors: Kawano Shintaro , Nishi Sayaka , Sakata Masayo , Kunitake Masashi 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
When the polymerization of styrene with a lipophilic initiator was conducted in an O/W emulsion, which was stabilized by unmodified monodispersed silica particles, it was found that near monodisperse polystyrene particles with different sub-micrometer size were formed in the emulsion. After the polymerization, the solution of silica and polystyrene mixed particles was obviously more stable than the silica-dispersed solution.
Spin Crossover Iron(II) Complexes of (2-Methylimidazol-4-yl)methylideneamino-2-ethylpyridine: 2:1 [Fe(HLMe)2](PF6)2 and 3:1 [Fe(HLMe)3](PF6)2
Authors: Arata Shinobu , Hamamatsu Takefumi , Sato Tetsuya , Iihoshi Tomotaka , Matsumoto Naohide , Iijima Seiichiro 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
(2-Methylimidazol-4-yl)methylideneamino-2-ethylpyridine (HLMe) functions as either bidentate or tridentate ligand to FeII ion to produce the 2:1 complex [Fe(HLMe)2](PF6)2 (1) and the 3:1 complex [Fe(HLMe)3](PF6)2 (2). Both complexes showed spin crossover (SCO) behaviors; 1 exhibited a gradual SCO between HS and (HS + LS)/2 and 2 showed an one-step abrupt SCO between HS and LS.
Boron-modified Chlorine-free K+–FeOx/SBA-15 as Highly Effective Catalyst for Propylene Epoxidation by Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Yang Sufen , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Modification of chlorine-free alkali metal ion (K+, Rb+, or Cs+)-containing FeOx/SBA-15 catalysts with boron enhanced their catalytic performances in propylene epoxidation by nitrous oxide. A B–K+–FeOx/SBA-15 catalyst (K/Fe = 2.5, B/Fe = 0.5) showed the best propylene oxide (PO) formation activity, providing PO selectivities of 79 and 55% at propylene conversions of 4.8 and 13% at 350 and 400 °C, respectively.
Higher Polyhedral Silsesquioxane (POSS) Cage by Amine-catalyzed Condensation of Silanols and Related Siloxanes
Authors: Kawakami Yoshiteru , Yamaguchi Kazuo , Yokozawa Tsutomu , Serizawa Takanori , Hasegawa Minoru , Kabe Yoshio 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Amine-catalyzed condensation of silanols (1a and 1b) and related siloxanes (1c–1f) provided polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) (2a, 2e, 3f, 4a, 4f, and 5f) in moderate yields. Although phenyl, o-methylphenyl (o-MePh) and vinyl (Vi) substituted silanols (1a and 1b) and siloxanes (1c–1f) gave a separable mixture of cage compounds, amine catalyst showed the selectivity of higher cage formation.
Calcium signalling in the regulation of PGC-1α, PDK4 and HKII mRNA expression
Authors: Kusuhara Keiko , Madsen Klavs , Jensen Lotte , Hellsten Ylva , Pilegaard Henriette 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe role of calcium signalling and specific intracellular calcium signalling pathways in regulating skeletal muscle tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator (PGC)-1α, hexokinase (HK)II and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4 mRNA was examined. Cultured primary rat skeletal muscle cells were incubated for 6 h in caffeine or ionomycin. Because PGC-1α mRNA clearly showed greater induction with ionomycin, the latter was chosen for the main experiments, whereby cells were incubated for 6 h with either ionomycin alone or in combination with either cyclosporin A or KN-62. The PGC-1α mRNA level was increased (p<0.05) approximately six-fold and HKII mRNA content approximately two-fold by ionomycin relative to the corresponding controls, whereas the PDK4 mRNA content remained unaffected. Cyclosporin A abolished (p<0.05) and KN-62 reduced (p<0.1) the ionomycin-induced increase in PGC-1α mRNA. Electrical stimulation ofin vitroincubated rat EDL muscle increased (p<0.05) PGC-1α mRNA by 2.2-fold after 4 h of recovery relative to a resting control, and this increase was absent when muscles were incubated with KN-62 or cyclosporin A. The present data strongly suggest that calcium signalling is involved in regulating the PGC-1α and HKII genes, but not PDK4. Both calcineurin and CaMK signalling seem to be involved in the calcium- and contraction-mediated PGC-1α up-regulation in skeletal muscle.
Inhibition of cathepsin L-like proteases by cathepsin V propeptide
Authors: Burden Roberta E. , Snoddy Philip , Jefferies Caroline A. , Walker Brian , Scott Christopher J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The N-terminal propeptide domains of several cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases have been shown to possess potent inhibitory activity. Here we report the first kinetic characterisation of the inhibition properties of the cathepsin V propeptide (CatV PP). Using a facile recombinant approach we demonstrate expression, purification and evaluation of the CatV PP. This propeptide was found to behave as a tight-binding inhibitor against CatV (K
i 10.2 nm). It also functions as an inhibitor against other members of the CatL-like subclass (CatL, 9.8 nm; CatS, 10.7 nm; and CatK, 149 nm) and had no discernible effects upon the more distantly related CatB.
Increase in kinins on post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive volunteers
Authors: Moraes Milton R. , Bacurau Reury F.P. , Ramalho João D.S. , Reis Felipe C.G. , Casarini Dulce E. , Chagas Jair R. , Oliveira Vitor , Higa Elisa Mieko S. , Abdalla Dulcinéia S.P. , Pesquero Jorge L. , Pesquero João B. , Araujo Ronaldo C. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Post-exercise hypotension is an important event for blood pressure regulation, especially in hypertensive individuals. Although post-exercise hypotension is a well-known phenomenon, the mechanism responsible is still unclear. The kallikrein-kinin system is involved in blood pressure control, but its role in post-exercise hypotension has not yet been investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of the vasodilators bradykinin and des-Arg9-BK and kallikrein activity in post-exercise hypotension promoted by 35 min of cycle ergometer (CE) or circuit weight-training (CWT) bouts in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure at 45 and 60 min after CE and 45 min after CWT was observed in normotensive individuals. Hypertensive values of mean arterial pressure were significantly reduced at 45 and 60 min after CE and at 60 min after CWT. Before exercise, plasma bradykinin concentrations and kallikrein activity were higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive volunteers. Kinin levels increased in the groups evaluated at the end of the training period and 60 min post-exercise. These data suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system may be involved in post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive individuals subjected to CE and CWT bouts.
Nitric oxide modulates expression of extracellular matrix genes linked to fibrosis in kidney mesangial cells
Authors: Wani Javid , Carl Marina , Henger Anna , Nelson Peter J. , Rupprecht Harald 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMesangial cells are thought to be important mediators of glomerular inflammation and fibrosis. Studies have established a direct role for nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of gene expression in mesangial cells. Representational difference analysis was used to investigate changes in gene expression elicited by the treatment ofS-nitroso-L-glutathione in rat mesangial cells. Seven upregulated and 11 downregulated genes were identified. Four out of 11 downregulated genes (connective tissue growth factor, thrombospondin-1, collagen type I α1 and collagen type I α2) are known to be linked to inflammation and fibrosis. Results were verified across species in mesangial cells treated with a series of NO donors using Northern blot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and protein analysis methods. Induction of endogenous NO production by cytokine stimulation also triggered regulation of the genes. One example gene, connective tissue growth factor, was studied at the promoter level. Promoter-reporter gene studies in mesangial cells demonstrated that NO acts at the transcriptional level to suppress gene expression. Our results reveal a complex role of NO in regulating gene expression in mesangial cells and suggest an antifibrotic potential for NO.
Discovery and characterization of human antibody inhibitors of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
Authors: Chen Ting , Hogan Shannon , Conley Greg , Pazmany Csaba , Wu Qi-Long , McNeil Gary L. , Bassill Gary , MacIntyre Andrew N. , Martik Diana , Nixon Andrew E. , Sexton Daniel J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloprotease that cleaves insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) to release bioactive levels of free insulin-like growth factor. Specific and potent inhibitors of PAPP-A may further elucidate the biological functions of this protease and could prove to be of therapeutic value. Phage display was used to discover fully human antibody inhibitors of PAPP-A activity towards IGFBP4 cleavage. Estimates of the inhibition constants for these antibodies were subsequently determined using a novel continuous assay of PAPP-A protease activity that uses an internally quenched synthetic peptide substrate (DX-1655). DX-1655 was hydrolyzed by PAPP-A with a K
m of 33 μM and a k
cat of 0.3 s-1 (k
cat/K
m=9.1×103 M-1 s-1). PAPP-A activity towards DX-1655 displays a bell-shaped pH profile, with pK
a values of 8.2 and 10.8 and a maximum rate at approximately pH 9.5. Using this continuous assay, we measured apparent K
i values of 1.7±0.2 and 7.4±1.5 nM for the F2 and D9 antibodies, respectively.
Two α subunits and one β subunit of meprin zinc-endopeptidases are differentially expressed in the zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Schütte Andre , Lottaz Daniel , Sterchi Erwin E. , Stöcker Walter , Becker-Pauly Christoph 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Meprins are members of the astacin family of metalloproteases expressed in epithelial tissues, intestinal leukocytes and certain cancer cells. In mammals, there are two homologous subunits, which form complex glycosylated disulfide-bonded homo- and heterooligomers. Both human meprin α and meprin β cleave several basement membrane components, suggesting a role in epithelial differentiation and cell migration. There is also evidence that meprin β is involved in immune defence owing to its capability of activating interleukin-1β and the diminished mobility of intestinal leukocytes in meprin β-knockout mice. Here we show for the first time by reverse transcription PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses that meprins are expressed not only in mammals, but also in the zebrafish Danio rerio. In contrast to the human, mouse and rat enzymes, zebrafish meprins are encoded by three genes, corresponding to two homologous α subunits and one β subunit. Observations at both the mRNA and protein level indicate a broad distribution of meprins in zebrafish. However, there are strikingly different expression patterns of the three subunits, which is consistent with meprin expression in mammals. Hence, D. rerio appears to be a suitable model to gain insight into the basic physiological functions of meprin metalloproteases.
Expression of the protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor KEPI is downregulated in breast cancer cell lines and tissues and involved in the regulation of the tumor suppressor EGR1 via the MEK-ERK pathway
Authors: Wenzel Katrin , Daskalow Katjana , Herse Florian , Seitz Susanne , Zacharias Ute , Schenk Jörg A. , Schulz Herbert , Hubner Norbert , Micheel Burkhard , Schlag Peter M. , Osterziel Karl J. , Ozcelik Cemil , Scherneck Siegfried , Jandrig Burkhard 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
KEPI is a protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitory protein for type 1 Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. We found no or reduced expression of KEPI in breast cancer cell lines, breast tumors and metastases in comparison to normal breast cell lines and tissues, respectively. KEPI protein expression and ubiquitous localization was detected with a newly generated antibody. Ectopic KEPI expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells induced differential expression of 95 genes, including the up-regulation of the tumor suppressors EGR1 (early growth response 1) and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), which is regulated by EGR1. We further show that the up-regulation of EGR1 in MCF7/KEPI cells is mediated by MEK-ERK signaling. The inhibition of this pathway by the MEK inhibitor UO126 led to a strong decrease in EGR1 expression in MCF7/KEPI cells. These results reveal a novel role for KEPI in the regulation of the tumor suppressor gene EGR1 via activation of the MEK-ERK MAPK pathway.
“Taking the piss”: Functions of banter in the IT industry
Authors: Plester Barbara A , Sayers Janet 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper shows how banter helps forge organizational culture by facilitating socialization of work group members and presents original research conducted in three IT companies. Informants identified their style of humor as “taking the piss,” a colloquial term meaning to use jocular abuse to deflate someone else's ego to bring them to the same level as others. The IT organizations studied were young, creative and energetic and the banter was lively and almost always enjoyed. Six main functions of banter were identified: making a point, boredom busting, socialization, celebrating differences, displaying the culture, and highlighting and defining status. Banter occurred more readily when it involved popular and well-liked colleagues that were fully socialized into the organizational culture. Personal characteristics and traits—such as ethnicity, gender, age, height or dress style—were the target of much banter. Much of the literature discussing banter has focused on the negative effects of jocular abuse at work. This paper emphasises how banter helped facilitate functioning cultural systems in the organizations studied. However, for those not socialized through the banter into the in-group, banter was often experienced as painful, exclusionary and even insulting.
Semantic description in MPEG‐7: The rich recursion of ripeness
Authors: Rising III Hawley K. , Jörgensen Corinne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMetadata describing multimedia can address a wide variety of purposes, from the purely physical characteristics of an item, to the circumstances surrounding its production, to attributes that cannot necessarily be determined by examining the item itself directly. These latter attributes, often dealing with “meaning” or interpretation of an item's content, are frequently deemed too difficult to determine and subject to individual and cultural variability. At the same time, however, research has shown that these abstract, interpretive attributes, which carry meaning, are frequently the ones for which people search. To describe an item fully, therefore, means to describe it at both the “syntactic” and the “semantic” levels. This article discusses the development of the semantic description schemes within the MPEG‐7 standard from both a historical and an intellectual perspective, as well as the difficulties inherent in creating a descriptive schema that can fully capture the complexity of “narrative worlds.”
Automatic user preference learning for personalized electronic program guide applications
Authors: Lim Jeongyeon , Kang Sanggil , Kim Munchurl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a user preference model contained in the User Interaction Tools Clause of the MPEG‐7 Multimedia Description Schemes, which is described by a UserPreferences description scheme (DS) and a UsageHistory description scheme (DS). Then we propose a user preference learning algorithm by using a Bayesian network to which weighted usage history data on multimedia consumption is taken as input. Our user preference learning algorithm adopts a dynamic learning method for learning real‐time changes in a user's preferences from content consumption history data by weighting these choices in time. Finally, we address a user preference–based television program recommendation system on the basis of the user preference learning algorithm and show experimental results for a large set of realistic usage‐history data of watched television programs. The experimental results suggest that our automatic user reference learning method is well suited for a personalized electronic program guide (EPG) application.
Enabling MPEG‐7 structural and semantic descriptions in retrieval applications
Authors: Benitez Ana B. , Zhong Di , Chang Shih‐Fu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe MPEG‐7 standard supports the description of both the structure and the semantics of multimedia; however, the generation and consumption of MPEG‐7 structural and semantic descriptions are outside the scope of the standard. This article presents two research prototype systems that demonstrate the generation and consumption of MPEG‐7 structural and semantic descriptions in retrieval applications. The active system for MPEG‐4 video object simulation (AMOS) is a video object segmentation and retrieval system that segments, tracks, and models objects in videos (e.g., person, car) as a set of regions with corresponding visual features and spatiotemporal relations. The region‐based model provides an effective base for similarity retrieval of video objects. The second system, the Intelligent Multimedia Knowledge Application (IMKA), uses the novel MediaNet framework for representing semantic and perceptual information about the world using multimedia. MediaNet knowledge bases can be constructed automatically from annotated collections of multimedia data and used to enhance the retrieval of multimedia.
Co‐determination of ATP and proteins in Triton X 100 non‐ionic detergent‐opened monolayer cultured cells
Authors: Kőszegi Tamás , Petrik József , Vladimir‐Knežević Sanda , Nagy Sándor 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHuman monolayer cells (HEp‐2 and Hep G2) were cultured in 96‐well plates. A modified Triton X 100 nonionic detergent extraction method was used for releasing intracellular ATP and protein in one step. The detergent technique was compared to perchloric acid (PCA) extraction. ATP was determined by the firefly bioluminescence method and ATP values were referred to cell protein (ATP:protein ratio). There was no significant difference in ATP data between detergent and PCA treatments. The ATP:protein ratio seems to be a sensitive tool for characterizing the metabolic activity of monolayer tissue culture cells. The protein‐mobilizing capability of Triton X 100 depends on the type of cell culture used. Our modified extraction gives reliable ATP:protein values with one simple extraction step. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studien in der heterocyclischen Reihe. I. Mitteil.: Eine neue Synthese der 2.4‐Diamino‐6‐alkyl‐5‐aryl‐pyrimidine („Daraprim”︁)
Authors: Logemann Willy , Almirante Luigi , Caprio Lorenzo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas von P. B. Russell und G. H. Hitchings1) vor kurzem für die Therapie der Malaria dargestellte 2.4‐Diamino‐6‐äthyl‐5‐p‐chlorphenyl‐pyrimidin („Daraprim”︁) wird aus α‐Propionyl‐α‐p‐chlorphenyl‐acetonitril und Guanidin über eine Amin‐natrium‐Verbindung des Nitrils synthetisiert. Des weiteren werden einige analoge Synthesen ähnlicher Produkte beschrieben.
Über das Indolo‐(2.3‐b)‐carbazol und weitere Umsetzungsprodukte der Diindolyl‐(3.3′)‐methane (II. Mitteil. zur Chemie des Indols)
Authors: Von Dobeneck Henning , Maas Ingeborg 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIndol und Diindolyl‐(3.3′)‐methane mit freien α‐Stellungen reagieren mit Aldehyden unter Bildung von 5.6.7.12‐Tetrahydro‐indolo‐(2.3‐b)‐carbazolen, während α‐substituierte Diindolyl‐(3.3′)‐methane unter gleichen Bedingungen eine Aufspaltung zu einkernigen Indoleninderivaten erfahren. Auch im Verhalten gegenüber Ketonen zeigt sich ein grundlegender Unterschied zwischen Diindolyl‐(3.3′)‐methanen mit freien und solchen mit besetzten α‐Stellungen. Letztere bilden mit Ketonen asymmetrische Indolyl‐indolenyl‐äthan‐Derivate.
Das Cornubertsche Isomere des 1.3‐Dibenzal‐cyclopentanons‐(2)
Authors: Wanzlick Hans‐Werner , Menz Wolfgang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas von R. Cornubert erhaltene Isomere des 1.3‐Dibenzal‐cyclopentanons‐(2) wird als 2‐Benzyl‐4‐benzal‐cyclopenten‐(1)‐on‐(3) erkannt. Die Darstellung gelingt auf neuem Wege.
Über bi‐homologe Reihen (VII. Mitteil. über isomere und homologe Reihen*)
Authors: Breusch Friederich L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeun bi‐homologe Reihen, teilweise bis zu einer Alkylkettenlänge von zweimal 20 Kohlenstoff‐Atomen, wurden synthetisiert. Der Verlauf der Schmelzpunktskurven dieser bihomologen Reihen wird besprochen.
β‐Aminosäuren, V. Mitteil.: Isomerieerscheinungen der γ‐Methylmercapto‐crotonsäure; eine vereinfachte Darstellung von β‐Methionin
Authors: Birkofer Leonhard , Hartwig Ingeborg 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie bisher nur schlecht zugängliche γ‐Methylmercapto‐crotonsäure wurde durch Umsetzung von γ‐Brom‐crotonsäureester mit Methylmercaptan und tertiären Aminen in guter Ausbeute gewonnen. Beim Verseifen des γ‐Methylmercapto‐crotonsäureesters mit Barytwasser entsteht neben der gewünschten Säure durch Isomerisierung die γ‐Methylmercapto‐vinylessigsäure, die teilweise Ringschluß zum γ‐Methylmercapto‐γ‐butyrolacton erleidet. Durch Variation der Versuchs‐bedingungen konnte die Ausbeute an d,l‐β‐Methionin beim Anlagern von Ammoniak an γ‐Methylmercapto‐crotonsäure von 18% auf 64% erhöht werden.
Über Thiazole, XX. Mitteil.): Die wahre Konstitution des in der Literatur beschriebenen, 2‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐1.3.4‐thiodiazins
Authors: Beyer Hans , lässig Wolfgang , Bulka Ehrenfried 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDer von J. McLean und F. J. Wilson1) für, 2‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐1.3.4‐thiodiazin gehaltenen Verbindung kommt die Konstitution des 3‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐thiazolon‐(2)‐imids (IV) zu. Demgegenüber liegt in der von uns dargestellten und in der XV. Mitteil.2) als, 3‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐thiazolon‐(2)‐imid bezeichneten Verbindung das eigentliche 2‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐1.3.4‐thiodiazin (II) vor.Der Konstitutionsbeweis für das 3‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐thiazolon‐(2)‐imid konnte durch Überführung in eine Nitrosoverbindung des 2‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐thiazols erbracht werden.Bei der Kondensation von Chloraceton mit Thiosemicarbazid‐hydrochlorid in wäßriger bzw. 1 bis 2 n salzsaurer Lösung entsteht fast quantitativ das Chloraceton‐thiosemicarbazon, das sich beim Erwärmen in alkoholischer Lösung zum 2‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐1.3.4‐thiodiazin (II) cyclisiert. Dieses lagert sich unter dem Einfluß starker Salzsäure unter Ringverengung in das 3‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐thiazolon‐(2)‐imid (IV) und beim Erhitzen mit Benzaldehyd in alkoholischer Lösung in die Benzalverbindung des 4‐Methyl‐thiazolyl‐(2)‐hydrazins (III) um.Für den Reaktionsverlauf der obigen Kondensationen werden in Abhängigkeit von der Acidität des Mediums drei verschiedene Wege diskutiert. Außerdem erfahren die in der XV. Mitteil.2) angeführten Cyclisierungsreaktionen und intramolekularen Umlagerungen eine andere theoretische Deutung.