bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melt inclusion heterogeneity in nakhlite and chassignite meteorites and evidence for complicated, multigenerational magmas
Authors: Ostwald Amanda , Udry Arya , Day James M. D. , Gross Juliane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNakhlite and chassignite meteorites are cumulate rocks thought to originate from the same location on Mars. Petrogenetic relationships between nakhlites and chassignites are not fully constrained, and the two cumulus phases in nakhlites—olivine and clinopyroxene—possibly formed either together from one magma or separately from different magmas. Primary magma compositions can potentially be determined from studies of melt inclusions (MIs) trapped within early‐formed mineral phases. MIs frequently undergo post‐entrapment effects, and when such processes occur, there can be significant changes to their compositions. Here, we report major, minor, and trace element abundances for MIs in cumulus phases in nakhlites and chassignites. The melt compositions that they record are variable (MgO = 2.50–13.5 wt%, K2O = 0.03–3.03 wt%, La/Yb = 2.46%–16.4%) and are likely affected by diffusive reequilibration with changing magma composition outside of their host phases. Evidence for diffusive reequilibration suggests that nakhlite and chassignite magmas were generated in an open system, and cumulus phases may have undergone magma storage and mixing. Such processes may be akin to those that occur in terrestrial intrusive magmatic systems by open‐system magma recharge. MIs within the nakhlite and chassignite suite therefore provide insights into magmatic processes during magma storage and transit on Mars.
Understanding differential reductions in undernutrition among districts in Rwanda through the perspectives of mid‐level and community actors on policy commitment and policy coherence
Authors: Iruhiriye Elyse , Frongillo Edward A. , Olney Deanna K. , Niyongira Emmanuel , Nanama Simeon , Blake Christine E. , Rwibasira Eugene , Mbonyi Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of improvements in child undernutrition at only the national level can mask subnational differences. This paper aimed to understand the contributions of factors in the enabling environment to observed differences in stunting reduction between districts in Rwanda. In 2017, we conducted 58 semi‐structured interviews with mid‐level actors (n = 38) and frontline workers (n = 20) implementing Rwanda's multi‐sectoral nutrition policy in five districts in which stunting decreased (reduced districts) and five where it increased or stagnated (non‐reduced districts) based on Rwanda's 2010 and 2014/15 Demographic and Health Surveys. Mid‐level actors are government officials and service providers at the subnational level who represent the frontline of government policy. Interviews focused on political commitment to and policy coherence in nutrition, and contributors to nutrition changes. Responses were coded to capture themes on the changes and challenges of these topics and compared between reduced and non‐reduced districts. Descriptive statistics described district characteristics. Political commitment to nutrition was high in both reduced and non‐reduced districts. Respondents from reduced districts were more likely to define commitment to nutrition as an optimal implementation of policy, whereas those from non‐reduced districts focused more on financial commitment. Regarding coherence, respondents from reduced compared to non‐reduced districts were more likely to report the optimal implementation of multi‐sectoral nutrition planning meetings, using data to assess plans and progress in nutrition outcomes and integration of nutrition into the agriculture sector. In contrast, respondents from non‐reduced districts more often reported challenges in their relationships with national‐level stakeholders and nutrition and/or monitoring and evaluation capacities. Enhancing the integration of nutrition in different sectors and improving mid‐level actors' capacity to plan and advocate for nutrition programming may contribute to reductions in stunting.
THE EARLIEST ANATOLIAN ITEM MADE OF METEORIC IRON: AN AMULET FROM THE BODRUM KESIKSERVI EARLY BRONZE AGE I CEMETERY
Authors: Aykurt Ayşegül , Böyükulusoy Kadİr , Benlİ–Bağci Ece , Denİz Seda 
Published: March 2024

SummaryMuch information about the early periods of south‐western Anatolia consists of data obtained from graves and finds therefrom. The amulet of meteoric iron that is the subject of this article was found in the Kesikservi cemetery, on the Bodrum peninsula, and dates to Early Bronze Age I. It was unearthed in the pithos grave of a male aged between twenty and twenty‐five years that is one of the richest such burials in Western Anatolia: it also contained five vessels, lids, a golden spiral, silver bracelets, a necklace of electrum and agate beads, and pieces of arsenical copper, all of which indicate his elite status. The amulet is the earliest dated find of meteoric iron from Anatolia, and demonstrates the existence of advanced metallurgy in the region during the period.
Chromosome‐level reference genome and resequencing of 322 accessions reveal evolution, genomic imprint and key agronomic traits in adzuki bean
Authors: Chu Liwei , Yang Kai , Chen Chunhai , Zhao Bo , Hou Yanan , Wang Wanqiu , Zhao Pu , Wang Kaili , Wang Binhu , Xiao Ying , Li Yongqiang , Li Yisong , Song Qijian , Liu Biao , Fan Ruoxi , Bohra Abhishek , Yu Jianping , Sonnenschein Eva C. , Varshney Rajeev K , Tian Zhixi , Jian Jianbo , Wan Ping 
Published: March 2024

SummaryAdzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is an important legume crop cultivated in over 30 countries worldwide. We developed a high‐quality chromosome‐level reference genome of adzuki bean cultivar Jingnong6 by combining PacBio Sequel long‐read sequencing with short‐read and Hi‐C technologies. The assembled genome covers 97.8% of the adzuki bean genome with a contig N50 of approximately 16 Mb and a total of 32 738 protein‐coding genes. We also generated a comprehensive genome variation map of adzuki bean by whole‐genome resequencing (WGRS) of 322 diverse adzuki beans accessions including both wild and cultivated. Furthermore, we have conducted comparative genomics and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on key agricultural traits to investigate the evolution and domestication. GWAS identified several candidate genes, including VaCycA3;1, VaHB15, VaANR1 and VaBm, that exhibited significant associations with domestication traits. Furthermore, we conducted functional analyses on the roles of VaANR1 and VaBm in regulating seed coat colour. We provided evidence for the highest genetic diversity of wild adzuki (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) in China with the presence of the most original wild adzuki bean, and the occurrence of domestication process facilitating transition from wild to cultigen. The present study elucidates the genetic basis of adzuki bean domestication traits and provides crucial genomic resources to support future breeding efforts in adzuki bean.
TaNAM‐6A is essential for nitrogen remobilisation and regulates grain protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Meng Xinhao , Lou Hongyao , Zhai Shanshan , Zhang Runqi , Liu Guoyu , Xu Weiya , Yu Jiazheng , Zhang Yufeng , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Xing Jiewen , Li Baoyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGrain protein content (GPC) is a crucial quality trait in bread wheat, which is influenced by the key transcription factor TaNAM. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TaNAM have remained largely elusive. In this study, a new role of TaNAM was unveiled in regulating nitrogen remobilisation which impacts GPC. The TaNAM knockout mutants generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 exhibited significantly delayed senescence and lower GPC, while overexpression of TaNAM‐6A resulted in premature senility and much higher GPC. Further analysis revealed that TaNAM directly activates the genes TaNRT1.1 and TaNPF5.5s, which are involved in nitrogen remobilisation. This activity aids in the transfer of nitrogen from leaves to grains for protein synthesis. In addition, an elite allele of TaNAM‐6A, associated with high GPC, was identified as a candidate gene for breeding high‐quality wheat. Overall, our work not only elucidates the potential mechanism of TaNAM‐6A affecting bread wheat GPC, but also highlights the significance of nitrogen remobilisation from senescent leaves to grains for protein accumulation. Moreover, our research provides a new target and approach for improving the quality traits of wheat, particularly the GPC.
Bilateralism, collapsing modalities, and the logic of assertion and denial
Authors: Kürbis Nils 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRumfitt has given two arguments that in unilateralist verificationist theories of meaning, truth collapses into correct assertibility. In the present paper I give similar arguments that show that in unilateral falsificationist theories of meaning, falsehood collapses into correct deniability. According to bilateralism, meanings are determined by assertion and denial conditions, so the question arises whether it succumbs to similar arguments. I show that this is not the case. The final section considers the question whether a principle central to Rumfitt's first argument, ‘It is assertible that if and only if it is assertible that it is assertible that ’, is one that bilateralists can reject, and concludes that they cannot. It follows that the logic of assertibility and deniability, according to a result by Williamson, is the little known modal logic K4 studied by Sobociński. The paper ends with a plaidoyer for bilateralists to adopt this logic.
Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth in darkness requires the phosphorylation of a microtubule‐associated protein
Authors: Arico Denise Soledad , Burachik Natalia B. , Wengier Diego Leonardo , Mazzella María Agustina 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYRapid hypocotyl elongation allows buried seedlings to emerge, where light triggers de‐etiolation and inhibits hypocotyl growth mainly by photoreceptors. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events regulate many aspects of plant development. Only recently we have begun to uncover the earliest phospho‐signaling responders to light. Here, we reported a large‐scale phosphoproteomic analysis and identified 20 proteins that changed their phosphorylation pattern following a 20 min light pulse compared to darkness. Microtubule‐associated proteins were highly overrepresented in this group. Among them, we studied CIP7 (COP1‐INTERACTING‐PROTEIN 7), which presented microtubule (MT) localization in contrast to the previous description. An isoform of CIP7 phosphorylated at Serine915 was detected in etiolated seedlings but was undetectable after a light pulse in the presence of photoreceptors, while CIP7 transcript expression decays with long light exposure. The short hypocotyl phenotype and rearrangement of MTs in etiolated cip7 mutants are complemented by CIP7‐YFP and the phospho‐mimetic CIP7S915D‐YFP, but not the phospho‐null CIP7S915A‐YFP suggesting that the phosphorylated S915CIP7 isoform promotes hypocotyl elongation through MT reorganization in darkness. Our evidence on Serine915 of CIP7 unveils phospho‐regulation of MT‐based processes during skotomorphogenic hypocotyl growth.
The effect of VEGF stimulation in diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review
Authors: Bang Frederik S. , Leeberg Veronica , Ding Ming , Dreyer Chris H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers are a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus, and a risk factor for amputation. Because of the vessel insufficiency in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that simulates angiogenesis is of interest to promote wound healing. This systematic review evaluates the last 16 years of in‐vivo studies with VEGF stimulation as a treatment for DFU, developed based on the last published systematic article. A total of 961 articles were identified through databases in two phases. 947 articles were excluded by exclusion criteria, and four articles met our inclusion criteria and were included. The effects of VEGF on wound healing were analysed in all four studies. In three studies, the VEGF‐treated wounds showed statistically faster healing than those not treated with VEGF. In one study, the VEGF‐treated wounds revealed a positive trend toward faster healing. Furthermore, all four studies were in favor of using VEGF, but concluded that further research is needed. These studies showed a positive trend towards faster healing and was safe when using VEGF topically on humans. Furthermore, viral particles of VEGF seem to have a systematic effect when a dose exceeding 5.0 × 109 vp pr wound. Future research in using VEGF on DFU should focus on VEGF's relevant dosage, release rate, and specific mechanism. This review inspires further research, and a consistent study design is prerequisite such that results are more homogenic and comparable. Much effort is needed to translate the results into our clinical practice.
Surrogate Model Development for Air Foil Thrust Bearings With Chevron-Patterned Trailing Edge
Authors: Yildiz Saltuk , Untaroiu Alexandrina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Air foil thrust bearings provide some advantages over oil-lubricated thrust bearings. The use of these bearings reduces weight and increases dynamic stability, making it possible to reach high rotational speeds. However, as the bearing reaches high rotational speeds, the higher amount of heat generated results in reduced efficiency, deterioration, and even failure of the rotating machinery system. To overcome this, better thermal management is needed for air foil thrust bearings. Addressing this challenge, this study proposes the use of a chevron pattern at the trailing edge of the top foil to enhance air stream mixing, thus influencing heat dissipation. The main purpose of this study is to identify the optimal design parameters of the top foil trailing edge shape and provide a guideline for future air foil thrust bearing design. In this regard, 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted to evaluate an air thrust foil bearing model performance. The highest temperature value occurring in the fluid and load-carrying capacity is selected as the output to find optimum design values. The design of experiments (DOE) technique is utilized for generating the sample points. A surrogate model is then used jointly with a multi-objective optimization to minimize the peak temperature in the air film and increase the load-carrying capacity. The optimal configuration is compared with the baseline, which is also used to validate the computational model with experimental data. This optimal design approach using a surrogate model can be used for further studies on improving the efficiency of air foil thrust bearings.
Auto-Labeling for Pattern Recognition of Wafer Defect Maps in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Fan Shu-Kai S. , Chen Pei-Chen , Jen Chih-Hung , Sethanan Kanchana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In practical semiconductor processes, the defect analysis for wafer map is a critical step for improving product quality and yield. These defect patterns can provide important process information so that the process engineers can identify the key cause of process anomalies. However, in supervised learning, the manual annotation for wafer maps is an extremely exhausting task, and it can also induce misjudgment when a long-term operation is implemented. Toward this end, this paper proposes a new auto-labeling system based on ensemble classification. The noted VGG16 model is used in ensemble learning as the building block to train the classifier via a limited number of labeled data. Through the model being trained, the auto-labeling procedure is executed to annotate abundant unlabeled data. Therefore, the classification performances between the models trained by supervised and semi-supervised learning can be compared. In addition, the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) is also adopted to analyze and verify the quality of auto-labeling by visual inspection. Based on the experimental results, the proposed auto-label system can return a satisfactory classification performance, and then, the manual labeling operation can be drastically reduced. The classification performance for wafer defect patterns can be further assured as the auto-labeled data are given with corresponding confidence scores of specific defect patterns being identified in this study.
Exploring associations between the teat apex metagenome and
Staphylococcus aureus
intramammary infections in primiparous cows under organic directives
Authors: Dean C. J. , Peña-Mosca F. , Ray T. , Wehri T. J. , Sharpe K. , Antunes A. M. , Doster E. , Fernandes L. , Calles V. F. , Bauman C. , Godden S. , Heins B. , Pinedo P. , Machado V. S. , Caixeta L. S. , Noyes N. R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this study was to identify associations between the prepartum teat apex microbiome and the presence of
Staphylococcus aureus
intramammary infections (IMI) in primiparous cows during the first 5 weeks after calving. We performed a case-control study using shotgun metagenomics of the teat apex and culture-based milk data collected longitudinally from 710 primiparous cows on five organic dairy farms. Cases had higher odds of having
S. aureus
metagenomic DNA on the teat apex prior to parturition compared to controls (OR = 38.9, 95% CI: 14.84–102.21). Differential abundance analysis confirmed this association, with cases having a 23.8 higher log fold change (LFC) in the abundance of
S. aureus
in their samples compared to controls. Of the most prevalent microorganisms in controls, those associated with a lower risk of post-calving
S. aureus
IMI included
Microbacterium
phage Min 1 (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.25–0.53),
Corynebacterium efficiens
(OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30–0.94),
Kocuria polaris
(OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.82),
Micrococcus terreus
(OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44–0.93), and
Dietzia alimentaria
(OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.75). Genes encoding for Microcin B17 AMPs were the most prevalent on the teat apex of cases and controls (99.7% in both groups). The predicted abundance of genes encoding for Microcin B17 was also higher in cases compared to controls (LFC 0.26).

IMPORTANCE

Intramammary infections (IMI) caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
remain an important problem for the dairy industry. The microbiome on the external skin of the teat apex may play a role in mitigating
S. aureus
IMI risk, in particular the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by commensal microbes. However, current studies of the teat apex microbiome utilize a 16S approach, which precludes the detection of genomic features such as genes that encode for AMPs. Therefore, further research using a shotgun metagenomic approach is needed to understand what role prepartum teat apex microbiome dynamics play in IMI risk.
Metabolism, digestion, and horizontal transfer: potential roles and interaction of symbiotic bacteria in the ladybird beetle
Novius pumilus
and their prey
Icerya aegyptiaca
Authors: Tang Xue-Fei , Sun Yi-Fei , Liang Yuan-Sen , Yang Kun-Yu , Chen Pei-Tao , Li Hao-Sen , Huang Yu-Hao , Pang Hong 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, we first time sequenced and analyzed the 16S rRNA gene data of predator ladybird beetles
Novius pumilus
and globally distributed invasive pest
Icerya aegyptiaca
at different stages, and combined data with bacterial genome sequences in
N. pumilus
to explored the taxonomic distribution, alpha and beta diversity, differentially abundant bacteria, co-occurrence network, and putative functions of their microbial community. Our finding revealed that
Candidatus
Walczuchella, which exhibited a higher abundance in
I. aegyptiaca
, possessed several genes in essential amino acid biosynthesis and seemed to perform roles in providing nutrients to the host, similar to other obligate symbionts in scale insects.
Lactococcus
,
Serratia
, and
Pseudomonas
, more abundant in
N. pumilus
, were predicted to have genes related to hydrocarbon, fatty acids, and chitin degradation, which may assist their hosts in digesting the wax shell covering the scale insects. Notably, our result showed that
Lactococcus
had relatively higher abundances in adults and eggs compared to other stages in
N. pumilus
, indicating potential vertical transmission. Additionally, we found that
Arsenophonus
, known to influence sex ratios in whitefly and wasp, may also function in
I. aegyptiaca
, probably by influencing nutrient metabolism as it similarly had many genes corresponding to vitamin B and essential amino acid biosynthesis. Also, we observed a potential horizontal transfer of
Arsenophonus
between the scale insect and its predator, with a relatively high abundance in the ladybirds compared to other bacteria from the scale insects.

IMPORTANCE

The composition and dynamic changes of microbiome in different developmental stages of ladybird beetles
Novius pumilus
with its prey
Icerya aegyptiaca
were detected. We found that
Candidatus
Walczuchella, abundant in
I. aegyptiaca,
probably provide nutrients to their host based on their amino acid biosynthesis-related genes. Abundant symbionts in
N. pumilus
, including
Lactococcus
,
Serratia
, and
Pseudophonus
, may help the host digest the scale insects with their hydrocarbon, fatty acid, and chitin degrading-related genes. A key endosymbiont
Arsenophonus
may play potential roles in the nutrient metabolisms and sex determination in
I. aegyptiaca
, and is possibly transferred from the scale insect to the predator.
Supplemental Material: Mesozoic intra-arc basin records the tectonic transition from the Paleo-Asian Ocean to the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in northeastern Eurasia
Authors: Wang Hong-Yan , al. et 
Published: March 2024

<p>Table S1: Major element (wt%), rare earth element (ppm), and trace element (ppm) analyses for sandstones from central Jilin Province. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data for sandstones from central Jilin Province. Table S3: Trace element (ppm) analyses of zircons within the sandstones from the Seluohe Group. </p>