bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies in COVID‐related olfactory disorders: Review of an institutional experience
Authors: Tharakan Theresa , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo share a single institutional experience with clinical research on COVID‐related olfactory dysfunction (OD).Data Source/MethodNarrative review of published original data and ongoing clinical trials on COVID‐related OD at Washington University from 2020 to 2023.ResultsThere were three new diagnostic‐/patient‐reported outcome measures developed and tested. We report five clinical trials of interventions for COVID‐related olfactory disorders: combined Visual‐Olfactory Training (VOLT) with patient‐preferred scents versus standard olfactory training (VOLT trial), oral gabapentin versus placebo (Gabapentin for the Relief of Acquired Chemosensory Experience trial), nasal theophylline irrigations versus placebo (Smell Changes and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline trial), stellate ganglion block (single‐arm), and mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) versus lifestyle intervention (MBSR trial).ConclusionsInitial intervention trials for COVID‐related OD have shown potential for improving subjective and objective olfactory outcomes. However, there remains no gold standard treatment that definitively outperforms placebo in controlled trials. Therefore, continued investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for COVID‐related OD is necessary to maximize olfactory outcomes for affected patients.
Towards a More Harmonised Asian Approach to Corruption and Illegality in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Teramura Nobumichi , Nottage Luke , Jetin Bruno 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn parallel with their strong economic growth, Asian jurisdictions have scaled up campaigns against bribery and other illegal misconduct by foreign investors by adopting international anti-corruption frameworks. Nonetheless, corruption remains common in many places and there is also still a lack of consensus on the influence of corruption and illegality over foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as in investor–state arbitration cases. There is also a paucity of literature considering how Asian countries have dealt with such serious misconduct by foreign investors. The foregoing chapters have started to fill the gaps, finding that there are some ‘Asian approaches’ to corruption and bribery in investment arbitrations: some individual jurisdictions have started to address the issues of corruption and illegality through treaty (re)drafting and/or investment disputes. However, a uniform Asian approach towards corruption and illegality in investment arbitration has not yet been established. Thus, this chapter proposes a roadmap for a more harmonised regional approach to corruption and illegality in Asian investment arbitration. It recommends that Asia should (1) establish a forum for all jurisdictions to discuss corruption and other serious misconduct involved in FDI, (2) develop more unified rules on corruption and illegality specifically in Asian investment arbitration and (3) consider creating an independent institution or permanent court to better handle Asian investment disputes—not necessarily limited to allegations of corruption and illegality.
Rigid vacua with Brane Supersymmetry Breaking
Authors: Angelantonj Carlo , Condeescu Cezar , Dudas Emilian , Leone Giorgio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We construct new string vacua featuring Brane Supersymmetry Breaking, based on T4/ℤN orientifolds with O5+ planes and $$ \overline{\textrm{D}5} $$

D
5

¯

branes. Differently from the original construction, in these vacua the cancellation of twisted R-R charges of D-branes and orientifold planes is achieved in a non-trivial way, and results in rigid configurations with few open-string moduli, which highly restrict the possible deformations of the model. The breaking of supersymmetry and, consequently, the non-vanishing untwisted and twisted NS-NS tadpoles, generates a rich potential both for the dilaton and the blown-up moduli.We also uncover the stringy origin of the J form entering the gauge kinetic functions in the low-energy effective action, and display its relation to the NS-NS tadpoles for the scalars in the tensor multiplets. As a result, the J form can be consistently identified also when supersymmetry is broken, thus solving an embarrassing puzzle related to its very existence. We also discuss the unitarity constraints for one-dimensional defects in these vacua, where the Kač-Moody algebra for D9 and $$ \overline{\textrm{D}5} $$

D
5

¯

can be realised both in the left-moving and right-moving sectors.
ALP-assisted strong first-order electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis
Authors: Harigaya Keisuke , Wang Isaac R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAxion-like particles (ALPs) can be naturally lighter than the electroweak scale. We consider an ALP that couples to the Standard Model Higgs to achieve the strong first-order electroweak phase transition. We discuss the two-field dynamics of the phase transition and the associated computation in detail and identify the viable parameter space. The ALP mass can be from the MeV to GeV scale. Baryon asymmetry can be explained by local baryogenesis without violating the current electron and atom electric dipole moment bound in most of the viable parameter space. The viable parameter space can be probed through Higgs exotic decay, rare kaon decay, the electron and atomic electric dipole moment, and the effective number of neutrinos in the cosmic microwave background in the future. The gravitational-wave signal is too weak to be detected.
Codazzi Tensor Fields in Reductive Homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Marshall Reber James , Terek Ivo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe extend the results about left-invariant Codazzi tensor fields on Lie groups equipped with left-invariant Riemannian metrics obtained by d’Atri in 1985 to the setting of reductive homogeneous spaces G/H, where the curvature of the canonical connection of second kind associated with the fixed reductive decomposition $$\mathfrak {g} = \mathfrak {h}\oplus \mathfrak {m}$$

g
=
h
⊕
m

enters the picture. In particular, we show that invariant Codazzi tensor fields on a naturally reductive homogeneous space are parallel.
Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht
Authors: Janson Debora , Grewe Henny Annette , Nickl Johanna , Hannemann Laura 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Hitzeextreme sind mit erheblichen gesundheitlichen Risiken verbunden, insbesondere für vulnerable Gruppen. Um diesen entgegenzuwirken, zielen gesundheitspolitische Forderungen darauf ab, Schutzmaßnahmen verpflichtend an Hitzewarnungen zu koppeln. Derartige Kopplungen existieren in Deutschland in der Regel nicht, eine Ausnahme stellen die seit 2004 umgesetzten Hitzeprüfungen und Hitzeberatungen der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht dar.
Ziele dieser Arbeit waren, die Strukturen und Abläufe der hessischen Hitzeprüfungen und Hitzeberatungen zu erfassen und Erkenntnisse für den akuten Hitzeschutz in stationären Gesundheitseinrichtungen abzuleiten.

Methoden
Durchgeführt wurden 14 qualitative, leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Expert*innen der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht und mit Leitungen stationärer Einrichtungen der Altenpflege und -betreuung. Die Analyse der Interviewprotokolle erfolgte mit der inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Ergänzend wurden Dokumente der Aufsichtsbehörde analysiert.

Ergebnisse
In den ca. 2500 stationären Einrichtungen in Hessen werden jährlich bis zu 370 Prüfungen zum Hitzeschutz durchgeführt. Diese werden entweder in bereits geplante Prüfungen integriert oder gesondert abgenommen, sie fokussieren sich auf präventive und akute Maßnahmen. Hitzeschutz lässt sich prinzipiell gut im Alltag stationärer Einrichtungen einbinden. Hohe Personalfluktuation und Ressourcenmangel stellen Herausforderungen dar.

Diskussion
Prüfungen und Beratungen zum Hitzeschutz sensibilisieren für Hitzerisiken und unterstützen die Etablierung präventiver Maßnahmen. Das hessische System eignet sich zur Orientierung für andere Bundesländer.
Machine condition monitoring for defect detection in fused deposition modelling process: a review
Authors: He Hao , Zhu Zhi , Zhang Yixia , Zhang Zhongpu , Famakinwa Tosin , Yang Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing (3DP), refers to manufacturing technologies that build up the desired geometries by adding materials layer by layer. Common meltable and fusible materials such as polymers, metals, and ceramics could be used in 3DP processes. During decades of development, products made by 3DP can now achieve stringent industrial standards at comparable costs compared to those traditionally manufactured. Improving 3DP technologies is required to make them more competitive and acceptable than their counterparts. However, achieving this is challenging since the quality of printing products is still heavily dependent on many cost-driven factors. Inadequate quality, impaired functionality, and reduced service life are three main consequences of 3DP’s failures. To effectively detect and mitigate defects and failures of 3DP products, machine condition monitoring (MCM) technologies have been used to monitor 3D printing processes. With the help of those dedicated algorithms, it could also prevent failures from occurrence by alerting operators to take appropriate actions accordingly. This study systematically reviews the MCM technologies used in a typical 3DP process—the fused deposition modelling (FDM), identifying their advantages and disadvantages. The mentioned MCM technologies include but are not limited to traditional MCM (sensors only), aided with analytical and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. The MCM techniques focus on the defects of the 3DP process. The detection and identification of those defects are investigated. Furthermore, research trends on developing MCM technologies, including challenges and opportunities, are identified for improving the FDM process. This review highlights the developed methodologies of MCM that are applied to FDM processes to detect and identify abnormalities such as defects and failures. The evaluations of defects are elaborated to deepen the comprehension of the essence of the defects, including their cause, severity, and effect. A detailed deliberation about identifying the critical components for the successful application of 3DP MCM systems was done. Finally, this review indicates the technical barriers that need to be overcome to enhance the performance of monitoring, detection, and prediction by MCM and associated technologies.
Risiko- und Komplikationsprofil orthogeriatrischer Patienten bei elektivem Hüft- und Kniegelenkersatz
Authors: Kappenschneider Tobias , Maderbacher Günther , Meyer Matthias , Pagano Stefano , Reinhard Jan , Michalk Katrin , Grifka Joachim , Holzapfel Dominik Emanuel 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Versorgung geriatrischer Patienten bei elektiven orthopädischen Eingriffen gewinnt aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Vergleich zur Alterstraumatologie existieren hierbei in Deutschland jedoch noch keine etablierten orthogeriatrischen Versorgungsmodelle und daher kaum wissenschaftliche Daten. Ziel dieser Studie war die Darstellung des Risiko- und Komplikationsprofils bei älteren Patienten mit elektivem Hüft- und Kniegelenkersatz.

Methodik
Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie wurden Daten orthogeriatrischer Patienten mit Indikation zur elektiven Hüft- und Knietotalendoprothese nach Erfüllung definierter Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien im Zeitraum zwischen Januar 2021 und August 2023 in der Orthopädie eines deutschen Universitätsklinikums zur deskriptiven Analyse eines Risiko- und Komplikationsprofils erhoben. Neben einer prä- und perioperativen Datenanalyse erfolgten Nachbeobachtungen 4 bis 6 Wochen und 3 Monate postoperativ.

Ergebnisse
Das operative Risikoprofil des untersuchten Patientenguts zeichnete sich durch hohes Alter (78,4 ± 4,8 Jahre), Prä‑/Adipositas (76 %), Multimorbidität (7,4 ± 3,1 Komorbiditäten), Polypharmazie (7,5 ± 3,8 Präparate), Immobilität (Short Physical Performance Battery 7,1 ± 2,6), Pre‑/Frailty (87 %), häufige Antikoagulation (22 %) und hohe Anzahl an potenziell inadäquater Medikation (64 %) aus. Komplikationsereignisse traten v. a. innerhalb der ersten 7 Tage postoperativ auf. Etwa 90 % der Ereignisse innerhalb dieses Erfassungszeitraumes beliefen sich auf „Minor“-Komplikationen. Im weiteren Verlauf sank die Gesamtkomplikationsrate deutlich.

Schlussfolgerung
Aufgrund des hohen Risiko- und Komplikationsprofils sollte zukünftig der routinemäßige Einsatz orthogeriatrischer Co-Management-Modelle bei elektiven orthopädischen Eingriffen geprüft werden.

Graphic abstract
Atrophic changes in thyroid tumors are strong indicators of underlying DICER1 mutations: a bi-institutional genotype–phenotype correlation study
Authors: Condello Vincenzo , Roberts James W. , Stenman Adam , Larsson Catharina , Viswanathan Kartik , Juhlin C. Christofer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSomatic and biallelic DICER1 mutations are reported in subsets of thyroid tumors, supporting the role of this gene in thyroid tumor development. As recent studies have brought attention to macrofollicular patterns, atrophic changes, and papillary structures as being associated with DICER1 mutations, we sought to explore these observations in a bi-institutional cohort. A total of 61 thyroid lesions (54 tumors and 7 cases of thyroid follicular nodular disease; TFND), including 26 DICER1 mutated and 35 DICER1 wildtype controls were subjected to histological re-investigation and clinical follow-up. DICER1-mutated lesions showed a statistically significant association with younger age at surgery (29.2 ± 12.5 versus 51.3 ± 18.8, p = 0.0001), a predominant macrofollicular growth pattern (20/26 mutated cases versus 18/35 wildtype; p = 0.01) and atrophic changes (20/26 mutated cases versus 2/35 wildtype; p = 0.0001). Similar results were obtained when excluding TFND cases. We also present clinical and histological triaging criteria for DICER1 sequencing of thyroid lesions, which led to the identification of DICER1 variants in 16 out of 26 cases (62%) when followed. Among these, 3 out of 12 cases with available data were found to carry a constitutional DICER1 mutation. This observation suggests that the majority of DICER1 mutations are somatic—however implies that sequencing of constitutional tissues could be clinically motivated. We conclude that DICER1 mutations are amassed in younger patients with macrofollicular-patterned tumors and, most strikingly, atrophic changes. Given the rate of constitutional involvement, our findings could be of clinical value, allowing the pathologist to triage cases for genetic testing based on histological findings.
Taxonomic implications of normal and abnormal stomatal complexes in Indigofera L. (Indigofereae, Faboideae, Fabaceae)
Authors: Badry Mohamed O. , Osman Ahmed K. , Aboulela Mostafa , Gafar Shereen , Nour Iman H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study is the first to report the foliar and stem epidermal micro-morphology of 13 taxa ofIndigoferaL. (Fabaceae) using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-morphological characteristics studied here are related to the epidermal cell shape, size, frequency, anticlinal wall pattern, and stomatal complex types, size, position, frequency, and index. The study revealed 19 major normal stomatal types with eight subtypes and seven major abnormal stomatal types with 13 subtypes. The stomatal index was lower on the abaxial leaf surface than on the adaxial surface. Notably, the adaxial surface ofI. hochstetterihad the highest stomatal index (27.46%), while the abaxial surface ofI. oblongifoliahad the lowest (9.95%). The adaxial surface ofI. hochstetterialso displayed the highest average stomatal frequency (38.67), while the adaxial surface ofI. spinosahad the lowest average frequency (9.37). SEM analysis revealed that most leaves had slightly sunken to sunken stomata, while stem stomata were positioned at the same level as epidermal cells in most taxa. Indigofera's foliar and stem epidermal anatomy recommends their application as baseline data coupled with other taxonomic data for the delimitation and differentiation of closely related taxa in the genus. The study provides a comprehensive description, illustrations, images, and micrographs of the stomatal types, as well as a taxonomic key for distinguishing the studied taxa ofIndigofera.
Left Ventricular Segmentation, Warping, and Myocardial Registration for Automated Strain Measurement
Authors: Huang Kuan-Chih , Lin Donna Shu-Han , Jeng Geng-Shi , Lin Ting-Tse , Lin Lian-Yu , Lee Chih-Kuo , Lin Lung-Chun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) is a crucial prognostic indicator. However, inconsistencies in measurements due to the speckle tracking algorithm and manual adjustments have hindered its standardization and democratization. To solve this issue, we proposed a fully automated strain measurement by artificial intelligence-assisted LV segmentation contours. The LV segmentation model was trained from echocardiograms of 368 adults (11,125 frames). We compared the registration-like effects of dynamic time warping (DTW) with speckle tracking on a synthetic echocardiographic dataset in experiment-1. In experiment-2, we enrolled 80 patients to compare the DTW method with commercially available software. In experiment-3, we combined the segmentation model and DTW method to create the artificial intelligence (AI)-DTW method, which was then tested on 40 patients with general LV morphology, 20 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), and 20 with transthyretin-associated cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA), 20 with severe aortic stenosis (AS), and 20 with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Experiments-1 and -2 revealed that the DTW method is consistent with dedicated software. In experiment-3, the AI-DTW strain method showed comparable results for general LV morphology (bias − 0.137 ± 0.398%), DCMP (− 0.397 ± 0.607%), ATTR-CA (0.095 ± 0.581%), AS (0.334 ± 0.358%), and MR (0.237 ± 0.490%). Moreover, the strain curves showed a high correlation in their characteristics, with R-squared values of 0.8879–0.9452 for those LV morphology in experiment-3. Measuring LVGLS through dynamic warping of segmentation contour is a feasible method compared to traditional tracking techniques. This approach has the potential to decrease the need for manual demarcation and make LVGLS measurements more efficient and user-friendly for daily practice.
Do astigmatid teeth matter: a tribological review of cheliceral chelae in co-occuring mites from UK beehives
Authors: Bowman Clive E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dentition of the chelal moveable digit in cohabiting astigmatids from UK beehives (i.e., Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus), Glycyphagus domesticus (DeGeer), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)) is characterised for the first time using quantitative tribological measures within a 2D mechanical model. The trophic function of astigmatid chelae are reviewed in terms of macroscopic tools used by humans including hooking devices, pliers, shears, rasps and saws. Comparisons to oribatid claws and isopod dactyli are made. The overall pattern of the moveable digit form of T. putrescentiae is not just a uniformly shrunken/swollen version between the other two taxa at either the macro- or micro-scale. Mastication surface macro-roughness values are in the range of international Roughness Grade Numbers N5–N6. The moveable digit of C. lactis has low rugosity values compared to the glycyphagid and acarid (which are topographically more similar and match that roughness typical of some coral reef surfaces). C. lactis has the most plesiomorphic moveable digit form. The mastication surface of all three species as a chewing tool is distinctly ornamented despite the moveable digit of C. lactis looking like a bar-like beam. The latter has more opportunities to be a multifunctional tool behaviourally than the other two species. Little evidence of any differences in the ‘spikiness’ of any ‘toothiness’ is found. Some differences with laboratory cultured specimens are found in C. lactis and possibly T. putrescentiae suggesting where selection on the digit may be able to occur. The chelal surface of T. putrescentiae has been deformed morphologically during evolution the most, that of C. lactis the least. Repeated localised surface differentiation is a feature of the moveable digit in G. domesticus compared to the likely more concerted changes over certain nearby locations in T. putrescentiae. An impactful chelal teeth design is present in G. domesticus but this is more equivocal in T. putrescentiae. Pockets within the mastication surface of the glycyphagid (and to some extent for the acarid) may produce foodstuff crunch forces of the scale of the chelal tips of oribatids. The moveable digit dentition of G. domesticus is adapted to shred foodstuff (like a ripsaw) more than that of the grazing/shearing dentition of T. putrescentiae. The collecting ‘picker‘ design of C. lactis posterior teeth matches the size of Bettsia alvei hyphae which attacks hive-stored pollen. Detritus accumulated in chelal digit gullets through a sawing action matches the smallest observed ingested material. The dentition of C. lactis should produce less friction when moving through food material than G. domesticus. C. lactis is the most hypocarnivorous and may ‘skim’ through fluids when feeding. Astigmatid teeth do matter. The three commensal species can avoid direct competition. Future work is proposed in detail.
Genomic patterns of native palms from the Leeward Antilles confirm single-island endemism and guide conservation priorities
Authors: Clugston James A. R. , Coolen Quirijn , Houtepen Erik , Proosdij André S. J. van , Grinage Ayress D. , Griffith M. Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSystematic study of the palm (Arecaceae) flora from the Leeward Antilles marked both Sabal antillensis and Sabal lougheediana as endemic to Curaçao and Bonaire respectively. Although both species are emergent, obvious and charismatic elements of the Antillean flora, they were only described within the last decade. Sabal lougheediana is in demographic crisis as a result of constant ungulate pressure prohibiting seedling establishment, while S. antillensis is thriving as a result of careful management. Given the surprisingly recent discovery of these two species, and the severity of the conservation concern, genomic data can help inform whether these taxa are in fact well-circumscribed species, and help to guide further conservation actions. To investigate genomic diversity, we employed RADSeq data from samples throughout the range of both species. Results show significant genetic distance and fixation between the two taxa as currently circumscribed, as well as reduced genetic diversity and increased inbreeding in both species. Multivariate analysis of genetic distance and Bayesian clustering analysis both show clear and significant separation of the two taxa. Parallel assay of ex situ collections informs how future development of germplasm reserves can help support conservation of both species. We provide recommendations to help conserve these two unique and distinct species.