bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties of extruded/injection‐molded poly(lactic acid) and biobased composites
Authors: Mohamed Abdellatif A. , Finkenstadt V. L. , Palmquist D. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTo determine the degree of compatibility between poly(lactic acid) and different biomaterials (fibers), poly(lactic acid) was compounded with sugar beet pulp and apple fibers. The fibers were added in 85 : 15 and 70 : 30 poly(lactic acid)/fiber ratios. The composites were blended by extrusion followed by injection molding. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze the extruded and extruded/injection‐molded composites. After melting in sealed differential scanning calorimetry pans, the composites were cooled through immersion in liquid nitrogen and aged (stored) at room temperature for 0, 7, 15, and 30 days. After storage, the samples were heated from 25 to 180°C at 10°C/min. The neat poly(lactic acid) showed a glass‐transition transition at 59°C with a change in heat capacity (ΔCp) value of 0.464. The glass transition was followed by crystallization and melting transitions. The enthalpic relaxation of the poly(lactic acid) and composites steadily increased as a function of the storage time. Although the presence of fibers had little effect on the enthalpic relaxation, injection molding reduced the enthalpic relaxation. The crystallinity percentage of the unprocessed neat poly(lactic acid) dropped by 95% after extrusion and by 80% for the extruded/injection‐molded composites. The degradation was performed in air and nitrogen environments. The degradation activation energy of neat poly(lactic acid) exhibited a significant drop in the nitrogen environment, although it increased in air. This meant that the poly(lactic acid) was more resistant to degradation in the presence of oxygen. Overall, injection molding appeared to reduce the activation energy for all the composites. Sugar beet pulp significantly reduced the activation energy in a nitrogen environment. In an air environment, both sugar beet pulp and apple fibers increased the activation energy. The enzymatic degradation of the composites showed a higher degradation rate for the extruded samples versus the extruded/injection‐molded composites, whereas the apple composites exhibited higher weight loss. The thermogravimetric analysis data showed that the degradation of unprocessed and extruded neat poly(lactic acid) followed a one‐step mechanism, whereas extruded/injection‐molded composites showed two‐step degradation. A higher fiber content resulted in up to three‐step degradation mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Preparation and adsorption behavior of a cellulose‐based, mixed‐mode adsorbent with a benzylamine ligand for expanded bed applications
Authors: Gao Dong , Yao Shan‐Jing , Lin Dong‐Qiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel mixed‐mode expanded bed adsorbent with anion‐exchange properties was explored with benzylamine as the functional ligand. The cellulose composite matrix, densified with stainless steel powder, was prepared with the method of water‐in‐oil suspension thermal regeneration. High activation levels of the cellulose matrix were obtained with allyl bromide because of the relative inertness of the allyl group under the conditions of the activation reaction. After the formation of the bromohydrin with N‐bromosuccinimide and coupling with benzylamine, the activated matrix was derived to function as a mixed‐mode adsorbent containing both hydrophobic and ionic groups. The protein adsorption capacity was investigated with bovine serum albumin as a model protein. The results indicated that the prepared adsorbent could bind bovine serum albumin with a high adsorption capacity, and it showed salt tolerance. Effective desorption was achieved by a pH adjustment across the isoelectric point of the protein. The interactions between the cell and adsorbent were studied, and the bioadhesion was shielded by the adjustment of the salt concentration above 0.1M. Stable fluidization in the expanded bed was obtained even in a 2% (dry weight) yeast suspension. The direct capture of target proteins from a biomass‐containing feedstock without extra dilution steps could be expected with the mixed‐mode adsorbent prepared in this work, and this would be especially appropriate for expanded bed adsorption applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of proton‐conducting crosslinked diblock copolymer membranes
Authors: Lee Do Kyoung , Kim Yong Woo , Choi Jin Kyu , Min Byoung Ryul , Kim Jong Hak 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and properties of crosslinked diblock copolymers for use as proton‐conducting membranes are presented. A polystyrene‐b‐poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer at 56 : 44 wt % was sequentially synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) block was thermally crosslinked by sulfosuccinic acid (SA) via the esterification reaction between OH of PHEMA and COOH of SA. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transfer infrared spectra revealed the successful synthesis of the diblock copolymer and the crosslinking reaction under the thermal condition of 120°C for 1 h. The ion‐exchange capacity continuously increased from 0.25 to 0.98 mequiv/g with increasing SA concentration because of the increasing number of charged groups in the membrane. However, the water uptake increased up to an SA concentration of 7.6 wt %, above which it decreased monotonically (maximum water uptake ∼ 27.6%). The membrane also exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.045 S/cm at an SA concentration of 15.2 wt %. The maximum behavior of the water uptake and proton conductivity with respect to the SA concentration was considered to be due to a competitive effect between the increase of ionic sites and the crosslinking reaction according to the SA concentration. All the membranes were thermally quite stable at least up to 250°C, presumably because of the block‐copolymer‐based, crosslinked structure of the membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Electrooptic studies on polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal composite films. III. Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate)/E7 and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate)/E8 composites
Authors: Kalkar A. K. , Kunte V. V. , Bhamare S. A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComposite films composed of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) (PMMABA) and nematic‐type liquid crystals E7 and E8 (commercial products from E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were prepared through solvent casting in chloroform. The morphology and electrooptic responses were studied. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the liquid‐crystal phase (E7 or E8), as larger, elongated, interconnected cavities, was continuously embedded in a spongelike PMMABA matrix. At a specific level of the liquid‐crystal (E7 or E8) loading (30/70 wt %), the effects of the voltage, temperature, and frequency of an applied alternating‐current electric field on the transmittance of the composite films were measured with a He–Ne laser (wavelength = 632.8 nm). The results were interpreted in terms of the aggregation structure, interfacial interaction, and solubility of the liquid crystal in the matrix polymer. The results indicated that, under these experimental conditions, the output could be controlled to a desired level by the selection of suitable liquid crystals to prepare polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal, electrooptic, active composite films with a response time of the order of only milliseconds or less. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Data mining of search engine logs
Authors: Whittle Martin , Eaglestone Barry , Ford Nigel , Gillet Valerie J. , Madden Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article reports on the development of a novel method for the analysis of Web logs. The method uses techniques that look for similarities between queries and identify sequences of “query transformation”. It allows sequences of query transformations to be represented as graphical networks, thereby giving a richer view of search behavior than is possible with the usual sequential descriptions. We also perform a basic analysis to study the correlations between observed transformation codes, with results that appear to show evidence of behavior habits. The method was developed using transaction logs from the Excite search engine to provide a tool for an ongoing research project that is endeavoring to develop a greater understanding of Web‐based searching by the general public.
Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dawe Adam S. , Nylund Reetta , Leszczynski Dariusz , Kuster Niels , Reader Tom , De Pomerai David I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRecent data suggest that there might be a subtle thermal explanation for the apparent induction by radiofrequency (RF) radiation of transgene expression from a small heat‐shock protein (hsp16‐1) promoter in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The RF fields used in the C. elegans study were much weaker (SAR 5–40 mW kg−1) than those routinely tested in many other published studies (SAR ∼2 W kg−1). To resolve this disparity, we have exposed the same transgenic hsp16‐1::lacZ strain of C. elegans (PC72) to higher intensity RF fields (1.8 GHz; SAR ∼1.8 W kg−1). For both continuous wave (CW) and Talk‐pulsed RF exposures (2.5 h at 25 °C), there was no indication that RF exposure could induce reporter expression above sham control levels. Thus, at much higher induced RF field strength (close to the maximum permitted exposure from a mobile telephone handset), this particular nematode heat‐shock gene is not up‐regulated. However, under conditions where background reporter expression was moderately elevated in the sham controls (perhaps as a result of some unknown co‐stressor), we found some evidence that reporter expression may be reduced by ∼15% following exposure to either Talk‐pulsed or CW RF fields. Bioelectromagnetics 29:92–99, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Merrifield solid phase peptide synthesis in investigations of biological deamidation of peptides and proteins
Authors: Robinson Noah E. , Robinson Arthur B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMerrifield solid phase peptide synthesis has been the principle research procedure used in the study of the chemistry and biological use of deamidation of asparaginyl and glutaminyl residues in peptides and proteins during the past 40 years. During the initial years of investigation, it permitted the qualitative demonstration that primary, secondary, and tertiary structure‐determined deamidation half‐times vary over a wide range under biological conditions and the discovery of two biological systems in which deamidations serve as molecular clocks. More recently, it has made possible such a thorough quantitative understanding of the structural dependence of deamidation that the deamidation rates of asparaginyl residues in proteins can be predicted from protein three‐dimensional structures with a high degree of reliability. This, in turn, has led to the discovery that amide residues serve as molecular clocks in many biological systems and the demonstration of additional examples. In these investigations, Professor R. B. Merrifield contributed his techniques, time, and laboratory resources, both in personally teaching his methods to the principle investigators and in making available his laboratory in which more than 900 peptides were synthesized for this work. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 297–306, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Prospective cohort comparison of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with oesophageal cancer
Authors: Morgan M A , Lewis W G , Crosby T D L , Escofet X , Roberts S A , Brewster A E , Harvard T J , Clark G W B 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy are common neoadjuvant treatments for resectable T3 N0–1 M0 oesophageal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of these therapies in consecutive cohorts of patients.

Methods
Between January 1998 and December 2001, 88 patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (two cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), prior to 45 Gy in 25 F concurrent radiotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU). From 2002, 117 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (76 patients had two cycles of cisplatin and 41 had four cycles of epirubicin, cisplatin and 5-FU). The primary outcome measure was survival, and analysis was by intention to treat.

Results
Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 56 per cent (40 patients) and 10 per cent (seven patients) respectively in the chemoradiotherapy group, compared with 47 per cent (46 patients) and 1 per cent (one patient) in the chemotherapy group (P = 0·008). The cumulative 5-year survival rate by intention to treat was 35 per cent after chemoradiotherapy versus 21 per cent after chemotherapy (P = 0·188). The cumulative corrected 5-year survival rate after completed treatment was 44 per cent for chemoradiotherapy compared with 25 per cent for chemotherapy (P = 0·032).

Conclusion
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy should remain an option for patients with satisfactory performance status.
Outcome of elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wenaweser Peter , Ramser Marianne , Windecker Stephan , Lütolf Indira , Meier Bernhard , Seiler Christian , Eberli Franz R. , Hess Otto M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim:To investigate the outcome of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in elderly patients (≥≥75 years) with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and Results:Between 1995 and 2003, a total of 319 consecutive patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 6–12 hr after onset of symptoms were prospectively enrolled in a registry. Of 296 patients undergoing primary PCI, 40 patients were ≥≥75 years old (group A) and 256 patients younger than 75 years (group B). Elderly patients presented with a lower ejection fraction (49 ± 14% vs. 53 ± 13%, P = 0.046) and a higher number of cardiovascular risk factors. PCI success was achieved in 80% (group A) and 91% (group B, P = 0.031), respectively with comparable door‐to‐balloon times (87 ± 49 and 95 ± 79 min, P = ns). Periprocedural complications in both groups were low and major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and cardiac rehospitalization) after 6 months amounted to 23% (group A) and 20% (group B, P = ns), respectively.Conclusions:Clinical outcome of elderly patients (≥≥75 years) with acute STEMI is favorable and comparable with the middle‐aged population. However, procedural success was significantly lower in elderly (80%) compared to younger patients (90%). Acute percutaneous coronary intervention appears to be safe and not associated with higher periprocedural complications, in elderly patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of drug eluting stents on cardiovascular events in patients with intermediate lesions and borderline fractional flow reserve
Authors: Lavi Shahar , Rihal Charanjit S. , Yang Eric H. , Fassa Amir‐Ali , Elesber Ahmad , Lennon Ryan J. , Mathew Verghese , David Holmes R. , Lerman Amir 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjective:To assess the role of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding therapy in the drug eluting stent (DES) era.Background:FFR is a useful index for evaluation of the physiological significance of angiographically indeterminate coronary artery lesions. However, its role in the DES era is unknown.Methods:Long term outcome of 281 patients with angiographically indeterminate coronary lesions and borderline FFR (0.75 ≤ FFR < 0.9) was obtained. The outcome of patients who had a DES placed (n = 58), was compared with that of consecutive patients with borderline FFR that were treated by PCI with bare metal stents (BMS, n = 58), or were deferred from revascularization (n = 165).Results:FFR was significantly higher in the deferred group (median and IQR); 0.85 (0.82 to 0.88) compared with the BMS (0.78; 0.76 to 0.82) and the DES (0.79; 0.77 to 0.82), P < 0.001. Pretreatment FFR was a significant determinant of long term event rates in the deferred patients (P = 0.002) but had no effect in patients treated by PCI. In the deferred group, there were fewer events (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization) compared with the BMS group; but no significant difference was observed between the DES and the deferred groups.Conclusions:In borderline FFR, long term outcome after PCI with BMS is inferior to conservative therapy or PCI with DES. While conservative management is preferable in these patients, PCI with DES may be considered in specific circumstances. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blunt atrial transseptal puncture using excimer laser in swine
Authors: Elagha Abdalla A. , Kim Ann H. , Kocaturk Ozgur , Lederman Robert J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives: We describe a new approach that may enhance safety of atrial transseptal puncture using a commercially available laser catheter that is capable of perforation only when energized. We test this approach in swine. Background: Despite wide application, conventional needle transseptal puncture continues to risk inadvertent nontarget perforation and its consequences. Methods: We used a commercial excimer laser catheter (0.9‐mm Clirpath, Spectranetics). Perforation force was compared in vitro with a conventional Brockenbrough needle. Eight swine underwent laser transseptal puncture under X‐ray fluoroscopy steered using a variety of delivery catheters. Results: The 0.9‐mm laser catheter traversed in vitro targets with reduced force compared with a Brockenbrough needle. In vitro, the laser catheter created holes that were 25–30% larger than the Brockenbrough needle. Laser puncture of the atrial septum was successful and accurate in all animals, evidenced by oximetry, pressure, angiography, and necropsy. The laser catheter was steered effectively using a modified Mullins introducer sheath and using two different deflectable guiding catheters. The mean procedure time was 15 ± 6 min, with an average 3.0 ± 0.8 sec of laser activation. There were no adverse sequelae after prolonged observation. Necropsy revealed discrete 0.9‐mm holes in all septae. Conclusion: Laser puncture of the interatrial septum is feasible and safe in swine, using a blunt laser catheter that perforates tissues in a controlled fashion. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel therapeutic aspects of percutaneous aortic valve replacement with the 21F CoreValve Revalving™ System
Authors: Berry Colin , Asgar Anita , Lamarche Yoan , Marcheix Bertrand , Couture Pierre , Basmadjian Arsène , Ducharme Anique , Laborde Jean‐Claude , Cartier Raymond , Bonan Raoul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAims: Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR) is an emerging therapy for nonsurgical patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). We investigated whether novel therapeutic approaches may facilitate AVR outcomes for high‐risk patients. Methods and Results: Eleven patients [n = 6 (54%) men] aged 82 ± 10 years underwent PAVR after being refused for open surgery. The mean±SD AV area and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of these patients was 0.56 ± 0.19 cm2 and 49 ± 17%, respectively, with severe functional limitation (NYHA class III (n = 8) and IV (n = 3)). One patient underwent PAVR combined with simultaneous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Two male patients needed left iliac artery angioplasty. A percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD) was used in the most recent case. Compared with pre‐PAVR, mean AV area (1.3 ± 0.4 cm2; P < 0.001) and LVEF (56 ± 11%; P < 0.001) increased. One man had a peri‐procedural stroke and died 5 days post‐PAVR. Four other patients died within 4 months of hospital discharge. The median duration of survival of the survivors was 305 (range 249–431) days. Conclusions: Novel percutaneous techniques facilitate CoreValve PAVR (21 Fr.). Future lower profile devices (e.g. 18 Fr. Generation III CoreValve) should permit inclusion of a broader spectrum of high‐risk patients. PAVR may evolve toward a full percutaneous approach. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structure and Site Preference of Ba‐Doped α‐Tricalcium Phosphate (Ca1‐xBax)3(PO4)2 Through High‐Resolution Synchrotron Powder Diffraction (x = 0.05 to 0.15).
Authors: Yashima Masatomo , Kawaike Yoichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Local Atomic Ordering in BaTaO2N Studied by Neutron Pair Distribution Function Analysis and Density Functional Theory.
Authors: Page Katharine , Stoltzfus Matthew W. , Kim Young‐Il , Proffen Thomas , Woodward Patrick M. , Cheetham Anthony K. , Seshadri Ram 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rechargeable Molecular Cluster Batteries.
Authors: Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Kazama Chieko , Awaga Kunio , Satoh Masaharu , Wada Jun 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Permeable Layers with Large Windows in [(CH3CH2CH2)2NH2] 5In5Sb6S19 ×1.45H2O: High Ion‐Exchange Capacity, Size Discrimination, and Selectivity for Cs Ions.
Authors: Ding Nan , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 4‐Tetrahydropyranols by Candida rugosa Lipase.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Padmavani B. , Venugopal Ch. , Rao A. Bhaskar 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphoramidite Quinaphos‐Type Ligands for Highly Selective Ni‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C—C Bond Forming Reactions.
Authors: Diez‐Holz Christiane J. , Boeing Christian , Francio Giancarlo , Hoelscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐acetylenic Esters Catalyzed by a β‐Sulfonamide Alcohol.
Authors: Lin Li , Jiang Xianxing , Liu Weixia , Qiu Li , Xu Zhaoqing , Xu Jiangke , Chan Albert S. C. , Wang Rui 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of the First Broensted Acid Assisted Enantioselective Broensted Acid Catalyzed Direct Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Sugiono Erli , Schoepke Fenja R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.