bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Recurrent In‐Stent Restenosis after Beta‐Radiation: An Analysis from the START 40/20 Trial
Authors: KANEDA HIDEAKI , HONDA YASUHIRO , MORINO YOSHIHIRO , LANSKY ALEXANDRA J. , YOCK PAUL G. , BONAN RAOUL , FITZGERALD PETER J. 
Published: October 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify potential predictors, including clinical, procedural, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) parameters, for recurrent in‐stent restenosis (ISR) following beta‐radiation 90Strontium/Yttrium (90Sr/Y) in a large multicenter trial.
Background: Although adjunct brachytherapy reduces recurrent ISR after primary catheter‐based intervention, recurrence of stenosis after brachytherapy still occurs.
Methods: We analyzed 185 IVUS cohort patients in the STent And Restenosis Therapy (START) 40/20 trial where a 40‐mm, 90Sr/Y, radioactive source train was exclusively used for treatment of ISR to be treatable with a 20‐mm balloon.
Results: Thirty‐nine patients underwent target lesion revascularization. Preliminary univariate analysis showed that age, smoking, balloon/artery ratio, geographic miss, minimum lumen diameter, and diameter stenosis at baseline were associated with target lesion revascularization, while none of IVUS variables were (minimum lumen area, minimum stent area, or residual plaque burden). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, lower balloon/artery ratio, and presence of geographic miss were independent predictors of target lesion revascularization.
Conclusions: Even with adjunct beta‐radiation therapy, initial mechanical optimization, such as appropriate balloon sizing and positioning, may be critical for the prevention of recurrent ISR.
IS THERE A VIABLE PETROLEUM SYSTEM IN THE CARSON AND SALAR BASINS, OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND?
Authors: Wielens J.B.W. , Jauer C.D. , Williams G.L. 
Published: October 2006

The Carson Basin on the eastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland has been penetrated by four wells ‐ Bonnition H‐32, Osprey H‐84, Skua E‐41 and St. George J‐55 ‐ which were drilled along its western margin. The adjacent deeper‐water Salar Basin to the east remains undrilled with the exception of ODP holes 1276A and 1277. The Carson Basin wells contain a thick Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary section which includes reservoirs and seals; but source rocks, such as those present in the adjacent Jeanne d'Arc Basin, have not been found. To assess the petroleum system, well samples were collected to provide Rock Eval and vitrinite reflectance data, and analysed biostratigraphically to obtain ages and depositional environments. These analyses indicate that a Late Jurassic source rock, similar to the Egret Member (of the Rankin Formation) of the Jeanne d'Arc Basin, may be present in the deeper‐water, distal parts of the Carson and Salar Basins; this is based on a regional palaeotectonic reconstruction, together with gravity and magnetic data, including sea‐floor spreading magnetic anomalies. We interpret the absence of the Egret Member in the four wells to reflect the wells' locations rather than the Member's absence from the two basins.An integrated 4D model of the Carson Basin was built from biostratigraphy and seismic surfaces, to which an Egret‐like source rock was added. The modelling showed that significant volumes of hydrocarbons could have been generated, mostly during the main Late Cretaceous drifting event in the area. Hence, significant volumes of hydrocarbons could be present in the Carson and Salar Basins, mainly in stratigraphic traps in Early Cretaceous clastic reservoirs.
Effects of productivity on species–area curves in herbaceous vegetation: evidence from experimental and observational data
Authors: Chiarucci Alessandro , Viciani Daniele , Winter Christina , Diekmann Martin 
Published: October 2006

The effects of productivity on the parameters of the species–area curve were investigated in this paper using two data sets on terrestrial plant communities: (1) one including 48 plots in 12 experimental sites on ploughed, formerly cultivated fields in the Siena region, Italy, and (2) one including 40 plots in hay meadows in the Bremen region, Germany. In both regions, species presence of vascular plants was recorded in nested plots ranging in size from 0.004 to 256 m2 and 0.001 to 1000 m2, respectively. Productivity was estimated as dry standing biomass.In the Siena data set, species richness showed a humped‐back relation to biomass in the plot sizes up to 1 m2. For the larger plot sizes, no significant correlations were found. In the Bremen data set, positive relation between species number and biomass was observed at the smallest spatial scale (0.001 m2), whereas the relation disappeared or tended to be negative for the larger plot sizes.In general, the slopes z of the log species–log area curves (SAC) were negatively related to biomass in both data sets, while the intercept c increased with biomass in the Siena data set and was unrelated to biomass in the Bremen data set. The relationship between c and z was negative in the Siena data set and positive in the Bremen data set. The above results differed somewhat depending on which plot sizes were considered for the calculation of the SAC. Literature data confirmed that there are no clear patterns in the inter‐correlations between productivity, small scale and large scale species richness. Sites differing in productivity and in the slopes and intercepts of SAC may thus give rise to different species richness–productivity relationships. There can be one possible relation between species richness and biomass at one spatial scale (e.g. humped‐back) and another type of relation, even opposite, at another spatial scale. This suggests that the properties of species–area curves do not respond in a uniform way to the changes in productivity, but depend on the type of habitat or plant community and its particular properties. The parameter of the SAC can then hardly be used as scale‐independent parameter to investigate the effects of ecological factors, such as productivity, on species richness. The lack of clear patterns in the relations between small scale and large scale species richness implies that the predictions of the species‐pool hypothesis may fail when applied to plot sizes as dealt with in this study.
Mendel's Law of Heredity
Authors: Castle W. E. 
Published: October 2006

1. The basic principle in Mendel's discoveries is that of the purity of the germ-cells; in accordance with this a cross-bred animal or plant produces germ-cells bearing
only one
of each pair of characters in which its parents differ. From it follows the occurrence in the second and later hybrid generations of a definite number of forms in definite numerical proportions.

2. Mendel's principle of dominance is realized in the heredity of a considerable number of characters among both animals and plants. In accordance with this principle, hybrid offspring have visibly the character of only one parent or the other, though they transmit those of both parents.
3. In other cases the hybrid has a distinctive character of its own. This may approximate more or less closely the character of one parent or the other, or it may be entirely different from both. Frequently the distinctive hybrid character resembles a lost ancestral character. In some cases of this sort, as in coat-color of mammals, the hybrid character probably results from a recombination of the characters seen in one or both parents, with certain other characters latent (that is, recessive) in one parent or the other.
4. There have been observed the following exceptions to the principle of dominance, or to the principle of purity of the germ-cells, or to both:
(a) Mosaic inheritance, in which a pair of characters ordinarily related as dominant and recessive occur in a balanced relationship, side by side in the hybrid individual and frequently in its germ-cells also. This balanced condition, once obtained, is usually stable under close breeding, but is readily disturbed by cross-breeding, giving place then to the normal dominance.

(b) Stable (self-perpetuating) hybrid forms result from certain crosses. These constitute an exception to both the law of dominance and to that of purity of the germ-cells. For the hybrid is like neither parent, but the characters of
both
parents exist in a stable union in the mature germ-cells produced by the hybrid.

(c) Coupling,
i. e.
, complete correlation may exist between two or more characters, so that they form a compound unit not separable in heredity, at least in certain crosses.

(d) Disintegration of characters apparently simple may take place in consequence of cross-breeding.
(e) Departures from the expected ratios of dominants to recessives may be explained in some cases as due to inferior vigor, and so greater mortality, on the part of dominants or recessives respectively.
(f) Cases of apparent reversal of dominance may arise from 'false hybridization' (induced parthenogenesis). Possibly in other cases the determination of dominance rests with circumstances as yet unknown.
The Outlook for Applied Entomology
Authors: Riley C. V. 
Published: October 2006

I have thus touched, gentlemen, upon a few of the many subjects that crowd upon the mind for consideration on an occasion like this, — a few gleanings from a field which is passing rich in promise and possibility. It is a field that some of us have cultivated for many years, and yet have only scratched the surface; and, if I have ventured to suggest or admonish, it is with the feeling that my own labors in this field are ere long about to end, and that I may not have another occasion. At no time in the history of the world has there, I trow, been gathered together such a body of devoted and capable workers in applied entomology. It marks an era in our calling, and, looking back at the progress of the past fifteen years, we may well ponder the possibilities of the next fifteen. They will be fruitful of grand results in proportion as we persistently and combinedly pursue the yet unsolved problems, and are not tempted to the immediate presentation of separate facts, which are so innumerable and so easily observed that their very wealth becomes an element of weakness. Epoch-making discoveries result only from this power of following up unswervingly any given problem or any fixed ideal. The kerosene emulsion; the cyclone nozzle; the history of Phylloxera vastatrix, of Phorodon humuli, of Vedalia cardinalis,— are illustrations in point: and, while we may not expect frequent results as striking or of as wide application as these, there is no end of important problems yet to be solved, and from the solution of which we may look for similar beneficial results. Applied entomology is often considered a sordid pursuit; but it only becomes so when the object is sordid. When pursued with unselfish enthusiasm born of the love of investigation and the delight in benefiting our fellow-men, it is inspiring; and there are few pursuits more deservedly so, considering the vast losses to our farmers from insect injury and the pressing need that the distressed husbandman has for every aid that can be given him. Our work is elevating in its sympathies for the struggles and sufferings of others. Our standard should be high,— the pursuit of knowledge for the advancement of agriculture. No official entomologist should lower it by sordid aims.
During the recent political campaign the farmer must have been sorely puzzled to know whether his interests needed protection or not. On the abstract question of tariff protection to his products, we, as entomologists, may no more agree than do the politicians, or than does the farmer himself; but ours is a case of protection from injurious insects, and upon that there can nowhere be division of opinion. It is our duty to see that be gets it with as little tax for the means as possible. Gentlemen, I thank you.
Cultivation-Independent Examination of Horizontal Transfer and Host Range of an IncP-1 Plasmid among Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Indigenous to the Barley Rhizosphere
Authors: Musovic Sanin , Oregaard Gunnar , Kroer Niels , Sørensen Søren J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe host range and transfer frequency of an IncP-1 plasmid (pKJK10) among indigenous bacteria in the barley rhizosphere was investigated. A new flow cytometry-based cultivation-independent method for enumeration and sorting of transconjugants for subsequent 16S rRNA gene classification was used. Indigenous transconjugant rhizosphere bacteria were collected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and identified by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from the sorted cells. The host range of the pKJK10 plasmid was exceptionally broad, as it included not only bacteria belonging to the alpha, beta, and gamma subclasses of theProteobacteria, but alsoArthrobactersp., a gram-positive member of theActinobacteria. The transfer frequency (transconjugants per donor) from thePseudomonas putidadonor to the indigenous bacteria was 7.03 × 10−2± 3.84 × 10−2. This is the first direct documentation of conjugal transfer between gram-negative donor and gram-positive recipient bacteria in situ.
Eukaryotic Lipid Body Proteins in Oleogenous Actinomycetes and Their Targeting to Intracellular Triacylglycerol Inclusions: Impact on Models of Lipid Body Biogenesis
Authors: Hänisch Jan , Wältermann Marc , Robenek Horst , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Bacterial neutral lipid inclusions are structurally related to eukaryotic lipid bodies. These lipid inclusions are composed of a matrix of triacylglycerols (TAGs) or wax esters surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids. Whereas the monolayers of lipid bodies from animal and plant cells harbor specific classes of proteins which are involved in the structure of the inclusions and lipid homoestasis, no such proteins are known to be associated with bacterial lipid inclusions. The present study was undertaken to reveal whether the mammalian lipid body proteins perilipin A, adipose differentiation-related protein, and tail-interacting protein of 47 kDa (TIP47), which comprise the so called PAT family proteins, and the maize (
Zea mays
L.) oleosin are targeted to prokaryotic TAG bodies in vivo. When fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein, all proteins except the oleosin were mainly located at the surfaces of lipid inclusions when heterologously expressed in the recombinant actinomycetes
Rhodococcus opacus
PD630 and
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155. A more detailed intracellular distribution analysis of TIP47 in recombinant
R. opacus
cells by immunocytochemical labeling of ultrathin cryosections and freeze fracture replicas revealed a substantial amount of TIP47 protein also pervading the cores of the inclusions. We discuss the impact of these results on the current model of lipid body biogenesis in prokaryotes.
Babesia
spp. Identified by PCR in Ticks Collected from Domestic and Wild Ruminants in Southern Switzerland
Authors: Hilpertshauser Heidi , Deplazes Peter , Schnyder Manuela , Gern Lise , Mathis Alexander 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens affected a cattle herd in Switzerland, and one of the pathogens was identified as
Babesia bigemina
, which had never been observed in this country before. Therefore, a survey of the occurrence of ruminant
Babesia
spp. and their tick vectors in Switzerland was conducted. A total of 2,017 ticks were collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and wild ruminants (deer, roe deer, and chamois) in southern parts of Switzerland and identified morphologically. The vast majority of the ticks (99.2%) were
Ixodes ricinus
, but 14 ticks from sheep and goats were identified as
Dermacentor marginatus
and two ticks from wild ruminants were identified as
Hemaphysalis punctata
. PCR analyses of 700 ticks revealed the presence of
Babesia divergens
(
n
= 6),
Babesia
sp. genotype EU1 (
n
= 14), and
B. major
(
n
= 2), whose suggested occurrence was confirmed in this study by molecular analysis, and the presence of novel
Babesia
sp. genotype CH1 (
n
= 4), which is closely related to
B. odocoilei
and to
Babesia
sp. genotype RD61 reported from North America. The identification of
B. divergens
and
B. major
in ticks collected from wild ruminants cast doubt on the postulated strict host specificity of these bovine
Babesia
species. Furthermore, the zoonotic
Babesia
sp. genotype EU1 was detected in ticks collected from domestic animals but was obtained predominantly from ticks collected from wild ruminants. More than one tick containing DNA of different
Babesia
spp. were collected from two red deer. Hence, the role of these game animals as reservoir hosts of
Babesia
spp. seems to be important but requires further investigation.
The AauR-AauS Two-Component System Regulates Uptake and Metabolism of Acidic Amino Acids in
Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Sonawane Avinash M. , Singh Birendra , Röhm Klaus-Heinrich 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
KT2440 metabolizes a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, including many amino acids. In this study, a σ
54
-dependent two-component system that controls the uptake and metabolism of acidic amino acids was identified. The system (designated
aau
, for
a
cidic
a
mino acid
u
tilization) involves a sensor histidine kinase, AauS, encoded by PP1067, and a response regulator, AauR, encoded by PP1066.
aauR
and
aauS
deletion mutants were unable to efficiently utilize aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu), and glutamine (Gln) as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. Growth of the mutants was partially restored when the above-mentioned amino acids were supplemented with glucose or succinate as an additional carbon source. Uptake of Gln, Asp, and asparagine (Asn) by the
aauR
mutant was moderately reduced, while Glu uptake was severely impaired. In the absence of glucose, the
aauR
mutant even secreted Glu into the medium. Furthermore, disruption of
aauR
affected the activities of several key enzymes of Glu and Asp metabolism, leading to the intracellular accumulation of Glu and greatly reduced survival times under conditions of nitrogen starvation. By a proteomics approach, four major proteins were identified that are downregulated during growth of the
aauR
mutant on Glu. Two of these were identified as periplasmic glutaminase/asparaginase and the solute-binding protein of a Glu/Asp transporter. Transcriptional analysis of
lacZ
fusions containing the putative promoter regions of these genes confirmed that their expression is indeed affected by the
aau
system. Three further periplasmic solute-binding proteins were strongly expressed during growth of the
aauR
deletion mutant on Glu but downregulated during cultivation on glucose/NH
4
+
. These systems may be involved in amino acid efflux.
General Model, Based on Two Mixed Weibull Distributions of Bacterial Resistance, for Describing Various Shapes of Inactivation Curves
Authors: Coroller L. , Leguerinel I. , Mettler E. , Savy N. , Mafart P. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Cells of
Listeria monocytogenes
or
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium taken from six characteristic stages of growth were subjected to an acidic stress (pH 3.3). As expected, the bacterial resistance increased from the end of the exponential phase to the late stationary phase. Moreover, the shapes of the survival curves gradually evolved as the physiological states of the cells changed. A new primary model, based on two mixed Weibull distributions of cell resistance, is proposed to describe the survival curves and the change in the pattern with the modifications of resistance of two assumed subpopulations. This model resulted from simplification of the first model proposed. These models were compared to the Whiting's model. The parameters of the proposed model were stable and showed consistent evolution according to the initial physiological state of the bacterial population. Compared to the Whiting's model, the proposed model allowed a better fit and more accurate estimation of the parameters. Finally, the parameters of the simplified model had biological significance, which facilitated their interpretation.
Mineralization of Paraoxon and Its Use as a Sole C and P Source by a Rationally Designed Catabolic Pathway in
Pseudomonas putida
Authors: de la Peña Mattozzi Matthew , Tehara Sundiep K. , Hong Thomas , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Organophosphate compounds, which are widely used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are cholinesterase inhibitors. These synthetic compounds are resistant to natural degradation and threaten the environment. We constructed a strain of
Pseudomonas putida
that can efficiently degrade a model organophosphate, paraoxon, and use it as a carbon, energy, and phosphorus source. This strain was engineered with the
pnp
operon from
Pseudomonas
sp. strain ENV2030, which encodes enzymes that transform
p
-nitrophenol into β-ketoadipate, and with a synthetic operon encoding an organophosphate hydrolase (encoded by
opd
) from
Flavobacterium
sp. strain ATCC 27551, a phosphodiesterase (encoded by
pde
) from
Delftia acidovorans
, and an alkaline phosphatase (encoded by
phoA
) from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
HN854 under control of a constitutive promoter. The engineered strain can efficiently mineralize up to 1 mM (275 mg/liter) paraoxon within 48 h, using paraoxon as the sole carbon and phosphorus source and an inoculum optical density at 600 nm of 0.03. Because the organism can utilize paraoxon as a sole carbon, energy, and phosphorus source and because one of the intermediates in the pathway (
p
-nitrophenol) is toxic at high concentrations, there is no need for selection pressure to maintain the heterologous pathway.
Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
,
Bifidobacterium lactis
, and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats
Authors: Lesniewska Violetta , Rowland Ian , Cani Patrice D. , Neyrinck Audrey M. , Delzenne Nathalie M. , Naughton Patrick J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the mixture of
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
rhamnosus
strain GG,
Bifidobacterium lactis
Bb12, and inulin on intestinal populations of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria in adult and elderly rats fed the same (in quality and quantity) diet. The portal plasma levels of two neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY), were also evaluated to assess the physiological consequences of the synbiotic treatment for the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of rats of different ages. Adult (
n
= 24) and elderly (
n
= 24) male rats were fed the AIN-93 M maintenance diet. After 2 weeks of adaptation, the diet of 12 rats of each age group was supplemented with 8% inulin and with strains GG and Bb12 to provide 2.2 × 10
9
CFU of each strain g
−1
of the diet. Blood and different regions of the GI tract were sampled from all rats after 21 days of the treatment. Treatment with the mixture of strain GG, strain BB12, and inulin induced significantly different changes in the numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria of the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon microflora. Moreover, the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture increased the concentrations of NPY and PYY for adult rats. For the elderly animals, the PYY concentration was not changed, while the NPY concentration was decreased by treatment with the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture. The results of the present study indicate that the physiological status of the GI tract, and not just diet, has a major role in the regulation of important groups of the GI bacteria community, since even the outcome of the dietary modification with synbiotics depends on the ages of the animals.