bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile densities relative to water regime in mainstem reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA
Authors: Miranda L. E. , Lowery D. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSuccessful reproduction and development of strong year classes of fish in storage reservoirs are commonly associated with reproductive seasons of high water level and extensive flooding. Responses to flooding are likely to be less pronounced or altogether different in mainstem navigation reservoirs that experience limited water level fluctuation. In these reservoirs, water regime characteristics such as timing of flooding, instability of water level, and water retention could supersede the effects of water level. We examined existing data to identify aspects of the water regime that have detectable consequence on juveniles of selected taxa in a sequence of four reservoirs of the Tennessee River that exhibited relatively small annual rises. Empirical models relating density of selected age‐0 centrarchids to water regime suggested that descriptors of spring and summer flow through the reservoirs, water level instability, and summer water level were better related to juvenile densities than was spring water level. Different water regimes had different effects on the study species, and presumably other species in the fish communities. Therefore, a diversity of water regimes rather than a rigid rule curve is likely most beneficial to the long‐term permanence of the fish assemblages of the study reservoirs. Fixed rule curves produce drawdown zones devoid of vegetation consisting primarily of mudflats of limited ecological value to floodplain species, and maintenance of water levels within the rule curve force operational drops and rises that adversely affect littoral spawners. In developing water management plans, regulatory agencies should consider incorporating managed randomness into rule curves.
The participation of adenosine receptors in the adenosine 5′‐triphosphate‐induced relaxation in the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum penis
Authors: Kataoka Kazuyoshi , Furukawa Katsuo , Nagao Kohichi , Ishii Nobuhisa , Tsuru Hiromichi 
Published: July 2007

Aim: To investigate the participation of adenosine receptors in the adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP)‐induced relaxation in the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) of rabbits.Methods: The ATP‐induced relaxation was assessed on the noradrenaline precontracted CCP of rabbits in the presence and absence of 8‐(3‐chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC); an adenosine A2Areceptor antagonist; alloxazine and MRS1754; adenosine A2Breceptor antagonists; and ARL67156, an inhibitor of ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases.Results: Adenosine and ATP relaxed the noradrenaline precontracted CCP of rabbits in a concentration‐dependent manner. The adenosine‐ and ATP‐induced relaxations were suppressed by alloxazine and MRS1754, but not by 8‐(3‐chlorostyryl)caffeine. ARL67156 potentiated the ATP‐induced relaxation but not the adenosine‐induced one. MRS1754 suppressed the ATP‐induced relaxation potentiated by ARL67156.Conclusions: The above results suggest that, in the CCP of rabbits, the adenosine receptor mediating adenosine‐induced relaxation is of the A2Breceptor and the ATP directly causes relaxation through the A2Breceptor on the CCP.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children: Results and short‐term complications
Authors: da Cunha Lima João Paulo , Duarte Ricardo Jordão , Cristofani Lílian Maria , Srougi Miguel 
Published: July 2007

Aim:  The introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy represented an important evolution in urinary tract lithiasis management. The aim of this study is to describe the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis in children, focusing on the index of elimination of the calculi and the complications occurring during the procedure and during the following three months.Methods:  From September 1991 to July 2002, 135 children between one and 12 years, suffering from urinary tract lithiasis underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. A retrospective analysis of these patients was carried out.Results:  One hundred and ninety‐five calculi ranging in size from 5.0 mm to 20.0 mm were treated, out of which 147 were found in the kidneys and 48 in the ureter. Urinary tract dilation was presented by 30% of the children at the time of the procedure. After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 75.8% of the calculi were eliminated: 64.1% were stone‐free and 11.7% had ≤ 4 mm stones. Ureteral calculi and 5–10 mm stones responded better than the kidney and 11–20 mm stones (P = 0.027 and P = 0.012, respectively). No differences were detected according to the calculi location, whether in the ureter or kidney (P = 0.637 and P = 0.703, respectively). The shock wave intensity of 14kv was as efficient as the higher voltage. Short‐term complications were observed in 23.7%, characterized by fever and pain.Conclusion:  In children, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy proved to be able to eliminate 75.8% of the treated calculi and 83.7% of the patients presented a complete or partial response. Complications were observed in 23.7% of patients, and pain was the most frequent symptom.
Improved isometric force endurance after transcranial direct current stimulation over the human motor cortical areas
Authors: Cogiamanian F. , Marceglia S. , Ardolino G. , Barbieri S. , Priori A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNeuromuscular fatigue is the exercise‐dependent decrease in the ability of muscle fibres to generate force. To investigate whether manipulation of brain excitability by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; 1.5 mA, 10 min, 0.026 C/cm2) modulates neuromuscular fatigue, we evaluated the effect of brain polarization over the right motor areas of the cerebral cortex of healthy subjects on the endurance time for a submaximal isometric contraction of left elbow flexors. In 24 healthy volunteers the study protocol comprised an assessment of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for the left elbow flexors and a fatiguing isometric contraction (35% of MVC), before and immediately after brain polarization. One hour elapsed between baseline (T0) and postconditioning (T1) evaluation. After tDCS, MVC remained unchanged from baseline (mean ± SEM; anodal tDCS: T0, 154.4 ± 18.07; T1, 142.8 ± 16.62 N; cathodal tDCS: T0, 156 ± 18.75; T1, 141.86 ± 17.53 N; controls: T0, 148.8 ± 6.64; T1, 137.6 ± 7.36 N; P > 0.1). Conversely, endurance time decreased significantly less after anodal than after cathodal tDCS or no stimulation (−21.1 ± 5.5%, −35.7 ± 3.3% and −39.3 ± 3.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). None of the evaluated electromyographic variables changed after tDCS. Anodal tDCS could improve endurance time by directly modulating motor cortical excitability, modulating premotor areas, decreasing fatigue‐related muscle pain, increasing motivation and improving synergist muscle coupling. Our findings, showing that anodal tDCS over the motor areas of the cerebral cortex improves muscle endurance, open the way to increasing muscle endurance and decreasing muscle fatigue in normal (i.e. sports medicine) and pathological conditions.
Erythropoietin and carbamylated erythropoietin are neuroprotective following spinal cord hemisection in the rat
Authors: King V. R. , Averill S. A. , Hewazy D. , Priestley J. V. , Torup Lars , Michael‐Titus A. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to be neuroprotective in a variety of models of central and peripheral nervous system injury. Derivatives of EPO that lack its erythropoietic effects have recently been developed, and the initial reports suggest that they have a neuroprotective potential comparable to that of EPO. One such derivative is carbamylated EPO (CEPO). In the current study we compared the effects of treatment with EPO and CEPO on some of the early neurodegenerative events that occur following spinal cord injury (SCI) induced by hemisection. Adult male Wistar rats received a unilateral hemisection of the spinal cord. Thirty minutes and 24 h following injury, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of saline, EPO (40 µg/kg) or CEPO (40 µg/kg). Results indicated that 3 days post‐injury, both CEPO and EPO decreased to a similar extent the size of the lesion compared with control animals. Both compounds also decreased the number of terminal transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL)‐labelled apopotic nuclei around the lesion site, as well as the number of axons expressing the injury marker β‐amyloid precursor protein. EPO and CEPO also increased Schwann cell infiltration into the lesion site, although neither compound had any effect on macrophage infiltration either within the lesion site itself or in the surrounding intact tissue. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed an increased expression of both the EPO receptor and the β common receptor subunit, the components of the receptor complex proposed to mediate the neuroprotective effects of EPO and CEPO in neurons near the site of the injury. The results show that not only does CEPO have an efficacy comparable to that of EPO in its neuroprotective potential following injury, but also that changes in the receptors for these compounds following SCI may underlie their neuroprotective efficacy.
Novel genes differentially expressed in cortical regions during late neurogenesis
Authors: Mühlfriedel Sven , Kirsch Friederike , Gruss Peter , Chowdhury Kamal , Stoykova Anastassia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDifferential gene expression across the embryonic cerebral cortex is assumed to play a role in the subdivision of the cortex into distinct areas with specific morphology, physiology and function. In a search for genes that may be involved in the cortical regionalization during late neurogenesis in mouse, we performed an extensive in‐situ expression analysis at embryonic day (E)16 and E18. The examined candidate genes were selected beforehand by a microarray screen by virtue of their preferential expression in the anlagen of the motor, somatosensory, visual and cingulate cortices or hippocampus. We present new information about graded or regionally enriched expression of 25 genes (nine of which are novel genes) across the mouse embryonic cortex, in progenitor cells as well as in the cortical plate. The established differential expression of most of these genes is persistent at both stages studied, suggesting that their expression is regulated by an intrinsic programme. For some of the genes, the concept of intrinsic regulation is further substantiated by the high similarity of the reported expression patterns at E16 and E18 and published data from earlier stages. Few genes with robust expression in the E16 caudal cortex showed a more restricted pattern at E18, possibly because of their response to extrinsic cues. In addition, several genes appeared to be suitable novel markers for amygdalar and diencephalic nuclei. Taken together, our findings reveal novel molecular partitions of the late mouse cortex that are in accordance with the model of a leading role of intrinsic mechanisms in cortical arealization.
The phylogeny of endolithic microbes associated with marine basalts
Authors: Mason Olivia U. , Stingl Ulrich , Wilhelm Larry J. , Moeseneder Markus M. , Di Meo‐Savoie Carol A. , Fisk Martin R. , Giovannoni Stephen J. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryWe examined the phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities associated with marine basalts, using over 300 publicly available 16S rDNA sequences and new sequence data from basalt enrichment cultures. Phylogenetic analysis provided support for 11 monophyletic clades originating from ocean crust (sediment, basalt and gabbro). Seven of the ocean crust clades (OCC) are bacterial, while the remaining four OCC are in the Marine Group I (MGI) Crenarchaeota. Most of the OCC were found at diverse geographic sites, suggesting that these microorganisms have cosmopolitan distributions. One OCC in the Crenarchaeota consisted of sequences derived entirely from basalts. The remaining OCC were found in both basalts and sediments. The MGI Crenarchaeota were observed in all studies where archaeal diversity was evaluated. These results demonstrate that basalts are occupied by cosmopolitan clades of microorganisms that are also found in marine sediments but are distinct from microorganisms found in other marine habitats, and that one OCC in the ubiquitous MGI Crenarchaeota clade may be an ecotype specifically adapted to basalt.
Debt financing, soft budget constraints, and government ownership Evidence from China1
Authors: Tian Lihui , Estrin Saul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDebt financing is expected to improve the quality of corporate governance, but we find, using a large sample of public listed companies (PLCs) from China, that an increase in bank loans increases the size of managerial perks and free cash flows and decreases corporate efficiency. We find that bank lending facilitates managerial exploitation of corporate wealth in government‐controlled firms, but constrains managerial agency costs in firms controlled by private owners. We argue that the failure of corporate governance may derive from the shared government ownership of lenders and borrowers, which nurtures soft budget constraints.
Class in construction: London building workers, dirty work and physical cultures1
Authors: Thiel Darren 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDescriptions of manual employment tend to ignore its diversity and overstate the homogenizing effects of technology and industrialization. Based on ethnographic research on a London construction site, building work was found to be shaped by the forms of a pre‐industrial work pattern characterized by task autonomy and freedom from managerial control. The builders' identities were largely free from personal identification as working class, and collective identification was fractured by trade status, and ethnic and gender divisions. Yet the shadow of a class‐based discursive symbolism, which centered partly on the division of minds/bodies, mental/manual, and clean/dirty work, framed their accounts, identities and cultures. The builders displayed what is frequently termed working‐class culture, and it was highly masculine. This physical and bodily‐centered culture shielded them from the possible stigmatization of class and provided them with a source of localized capital. ‘Physical capital’ in conjunction with social capital (the builders' networks of friends and family) had largely guided their position in the stratification system, and values associated with these forms of capital were paramount to their public cultures. This cultural emphasis offered a continuing functionality in the builders' lives, not having broken free from tradition or becoming an object of reflexive choice.
Generational affinities and discourses of difference: a case study of highly skilled information technology workers1
Authors: McMullin Julie Ann , Duerden Comeau Tammy , Jovic Emily 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSociologists theorizing the concept of ‘generation’ have traditionally looked to birth cohorts sharing major social upheavals such as war or decolonization to explain issues of generational solidarity and identity affiliation. More recently, theorists have drawn attention to the cultural elements where generations are thought to be formed through affinities with music or other types of popular culture during the ‘coming of age’ stage of life. In this paper, we ask whether developments in computer technology, which have both productive and cultural components, provide a basis for generational formation and identity and whether generational discourse is invoked to create cultures of difference in the workplace. Qualitative data from a sample of Information Technology workers show that these professionals mobilize ‘generational’ discourse and draw upon notions of ‘generational affinity’ with computing technology (e.g. the fact that people of different ages were immersed to varying degrees in different computing technologies) in explaining the youthful profile of IT workers and employees' differing levels of technological expertise.
Estimating species' absence, colonization and local extinction in patchy landscapes: an application of occupancy models with rodents
Authors: Mortelliti A. , Boitani L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMaking an inference on the absence of a species in a site is often problematic, due to detection probability being, in most cases, <1. Inference is more complicated if detection probability, together with distribution patterns, vary during the year, since the possibility of inferring a species absence, at reasonable costs, may be possible only in certain periods. Our aim here is to show how such challenging situations can be by tackled by applying some recently developed occupancy models combined with sample size (number of repeated surveys) estimation. We thus analysed the distribution of two rodents Myodes glareolus and Mus musculus domesticus in a fragmented landscape in central Italy pointing out how it is possible to identify true absences, non‐detections, extinctions/colonizations and determine seasonal values of detection probability.
Isolation of 22 new Haliaeetus microsatellite loci and their characterization in the critically endangered Madagascar fish‐eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) and three other Haliaeetus eagle species
Authors: TINGAY RUTH E. , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , PANDHAL JAGROOP , CLARKE MICHÈLE L. , DAVID VICTOR A. , HAILER FRANK , CULVER MELANIE 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe isolated a total of 22 microsatellite loci from two Haliaeetus species: the Madagascar fish‐eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Five loci were monomorphic in both the Madagascar fish‐eagle (n = 24–43) and the bald eagle (n = 2–8) but were found to be polymorphic in other Haliaeetus species. Haliaeetus loci have proved useful for investigating gene flow in Haliaeetus and Aquila eagles. Ten loci were polymorphic in the critically endangered Madagascar fish‐eagle and will be used to investigate the genetic population structure and mating system in this species.
Overview of adverse reactions to nefopam: an analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Durrieu G. , Olivier P. , Bagheri H. , Montastruc J.L. ,   and the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers
Published: July 2007

AbstractNefopam is widely used for the relief of moderate acute pain. Its safety profile remains to be specified. The objective of the study was to review adverse reactions to nefopam spontaneously reported to the French Pharmacovigilance system. All cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with nefopam, registered in the French Pharmacovigilance database from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2004, were reviewed. For each reported ADR, information about patient (age, gender, medical history), drug exposure (suspected and concomitantly used drugs), characteristics of ADRs (imputability score, time of onset, seriousness, outcome) were collected. A total of 114 ADRs with an imputability rated from ‘plausible’ (I2) to ‘likely’ (I3) and ‘very likely’ (I4) was analysed. The most frequent ADRs included ‘expected’ ADRs such as sweating, nausea, tachycardia, malaise or vomiting; 61 ADRs were ‘unexpected. No overdose was reported; 26 ADRs (23%) were considered as ‘serious’. Most of them were ‘unexpected’, including neuropsychiatric (hallucinations, convulsions) or cutaneous (pruritus, erythema, urticaria) ADRs. Six cases of anaphylactic ADRs (two angioedema and four anaphylactic shocks) were reported, all occurring shortly after use of nefopam during the post‐operative period. Physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of some serious ADRs when using nefopam such as convulsions and anaphylactic shocks, especially when the drug is used in special medical conditions, like post‐operative periods.
Determination of ABCB1 polymorphisms and haplotypes frequencies in a French population
Authors: Jeannesson Elise , Albertini Laetitia , Siest Gérard , Gomes Ana‐Margarida , Ribeiro Vera , Aslanidis Charalampos , Schmitz Gerd , Visvikis‐Siest Sophie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1, or P‐glycoprotein, is a transmembrane efflux pump well known for its implication in drug transport and chemoresistance. ABCB1 substrates include either drugs, such as antiretrovirals and immunomodulators, or physiological molecules like phospholipids. Pharmacogenetic analysis of ABCB1 polymorphisms, in addition to other xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, might help to personalize and optimize drug therapy. Indeed, some polymorphisms of ABCB1 have been implicated in susceptibility to diseases, changes in drug pharmacokinetics, and in variation of the biological response to drug treatment. In addition, variant and haplotype distributions differ depending on ethnicity. Thus, some ethnies may be at higher risk for adverse events, inefficacy of treatment or prevalence of pathologies. This study aimed to determine frequencies of ABCB1 polymorphisms and haplotypes in a sample of French healthy individuals. DNA was isolated from blood‐EDTA. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays were used to genotype 227 individuals for T‐129C, G‐1A, A61G, G1199A, C1236T, T‐76A, G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphisms. The observed frequencies of the variant allele for these eight polymorphisms are 0.04, 0.08, 0.09, 0.06, 0.42, 0.46, 0.45 and 0.46 respectively. These polymorphisms are in linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies were determined, the most frequent haplotype being the one with variants at position 1236, 2677 and 3435 and wild‐type alleles at the other positions. Finally, the frequencies of these eight ABCB1 polymorphisms in our French individuals supposed to be healthy population are quite similar to those described in other Caucasian populations except for the C3435T polymorphism.
Within‐ and between‐year variation in the juvenile survival of Common GuillemotsUria aalge
Authors: HARRIS MICHAEL P. , FREDERIKSEN MORTEN , WANLESS SARAH 
Published: July 2007

We studied juvenile survival of 20 cohorts of Common GuillemotUria aalgechicks colour‐ringed on the Isle of May, Scotland, using both live observations at the colony and dead recoveries, allowing estimation of fidelity to the colony as well as survival. In this seabird, chicks leave the colony when only partly grown and are cared for by the male parent for several weeks afterwards. First‐year survival varied strongly between cohorts, with a mean of 56% (range 30–91%). We did not identify any covariates which could explain this variation, whether relating to climate, population size or prey density. Survival was low during two regime shift episodes in the North Sea (1987–90 and 2000 onwards). Early hatched chicks were substantially more likely to survive than those hatching later in most years, whereas body condition at ringing had no detectable effect. Ringing recoveries indicated that mortality was highest in mid‐winter, i.e. well after the cessation of paternal care. These results do not support the hypothesis that variation in prey quantity or energy content before fledging is a primary driver of variation in juvenile survival. Rather, it seems that chicks of high‐quality parents are more likely to survive, as high‐quality females tend to lay earlier in the season, and high‐quality males presumably are better able to prepare their chicks to survive their first winter at sea. Very few (4%) Guillemots emigrated permanently before age 3 years, but from age 5 onwards 25–30% of birds annually left the colony or otherwise became unobservable.