bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Repulsion Between Highly Injecting Metals: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Dervos C. T. 
Published: April 2008

This paper is an experimental investigation of the major implications brought in the crossing
resistance of mechanically contacted metals when operating in the high electronic injection
regime, i.e., steady state interfacial voltage values greater than the max. acceptable level
determined by specifications and less than the melting voltage. Under such operating conditions,
monolayers of positive ions may be formed within interfacial cavities filled by the
material from the surrounding space. The dominating ion neutralization process on the cathode
controls the formation of “Helmholtz” inner layers at the metal cathode+oxide+gas
interface. The presence of a positive ion monolayer over the cathode electrode will tend to
reduce the field threshold required for electronic field emission and affect the overall currentvoltage
characteristics.The response of contacts operating under high charge injection is monitored on an
injected charge vs. interfacial field phase space, which clearly demonstrates non‐linear conductivity
phenomena and hysteresis effects for the examined structures. Experimental results indicate
convincingly the importance of the dielectric media around highly injecting metal contacts.
The excessive positive ion formation may also account for the experimentally observed
electrostatic repulsion between highly injecting metal contacts. Under low contact pressure
situations spontaneous separation of the current carying electrodes may occur. During a
spontaneous contact breaking process, the transient current and voltage profiles across the
metal contacts have been monitored using state‐of‐the‐art data logging systems. The importance
of the oxide capacitance and (time varying) gap capacitance on V(t) and I(t) profiles
has been discussed. The obtained results provide evidence for the positive ion layer formation
over the cathode electrodes.
Fuzzy Logic Transformer DesignAlgorithm (FLTDA)
Authors: Mudholkar R. R. , Sawant S. R. , Tengshe G. G. , Bagwan A. B. 
Published: April 2008

In the present communication we report a novel fuzzy based algorithm developed for
transformer designing. The Fuzzy Logic Transformer Design Algorithm (FLTDA)
incorporates the experience of human transformer designers and builders in terms of
minimum of fuzzy rules. It easily accomodates the linguistic design concepts and linguistic
values of transformer specifications. The FLTDA allows to use assumptions, approximations,
estimations and guess‐figures for specifications in the beginning of design‐route
and adjusts the parameters in iterations yielding optimum design results.As a first attempt towards the development of FLTDA only preliminary results have
been worked out in trial designs. Comparison between conventional design method and
fuzzy based method is made by working out the typical design problems.
Translocations Involving the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Locus Predict Better Survival in Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Nakamura Shotaro , Ye Hongtao , Bacon Chris M. , Goatly Alison , Liu Hongxiang , Kerr Lucy , Banham Alison H. , Streubel Berthold , Yao Takashi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Savio Antonella , Takeshita Morishige , Dartigues Peggy , Ruskoné-Fourmestraux Agnès , Matsumoto Takayuki , Iida Mitsuo , Du Ming-Qing 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurpose: The pathogenesis and clinical heterogeneity of gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are poorly understood. We have comprehensively investigated the incidence and clinical significance of lymphoma-associated chromosomal translocations, particularly those involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene locus, in a large series of gastric DLBCL.Experimental Design: One hundred forty-one cases of primary gastric DLBCL [58 with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and 83 without MALT lymphoma] were enrolled. Translocations involving BCL6, c-MYC, FOXP1, MALT1, and IGH were investigated using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. In positive cases, additional fluorescence in situ hybridization was done with appropriate probes for potential partner genes. Cases were classified into germinal center B-cell–like (GCB) or non-GCB subgroups by immunophenotyping with CD10, BCL6, and MUM1.Results: Translocations involving IGH were detected in 36 (32%) of 111 cases; their partner genes included BCL6 (n = 10), c-MYC (n = 5), and FOXP1 (n = 3) but remained unknown in the remaining 18 cases. t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2, t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1, and t(1;14)/BCL10-IGH were not detected in any case. t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 was detected in none of the cases, except for one case of DLBCL with MALT lymphoma, which showed positive signals only in MALT lymphoma cells. IGH-involved translocation was associated with younger age but not with any other clinicopathologic factors including GCB or non-GCB immunophenotypes. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that IGH-involved translocation, in addition to younger age and early stage, was an independent prognostic factor for better overall and EFSs.Conclusion: IGH-involved translocations are frequent in gastric DLBCL and seem to identify cases with favorable prognosis.
Chemopreventive effects of oral gallic acid feeding on tumor growth and progression in TRAMP mice
Authors: Raina Komal , Rajamanickam Subapriya , Deep Gagan , Singh Meenakshi , Agarwal Rajesh , Agarwal Chapla 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Our recent studies have identified gallic acid as one of the major constituents of grape seed extract showing strong in vitro anticancer efficacy against human prostate cancer cells. Herein, for the first time, we established the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy of gallic acid against prostate cancer by evaluating its activity against prostate tumor growth and progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. At 4 weeks of age, male TRAMP mice were fed with drinking water supplemented with 0.3% and 1% (w/v) gallic acid until 24 weeks of age. Positive control group was fed with regular drinking water for the same period. Our results showed that gallic acid–fed groups had a higher incidence of differentiated lower-grade prostatic tumors at the expense of strong decrease (∼60%; P &lt; 0.01) in poorly differentiated tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of prostate tissue showed a decrease in proliferative index by 36% to 41% (P &lt; 0.05) in 0.3% to 1% gallic acid–fed groups, with an increase in the apoptotic cells by 3-fold (P &lt; 0.05). Further, both doses of gallic acid completely diminished the expression of Cdc2 in the prostatic tissue together with strong decrease in the expression of Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6. The protein levels of cyclin B1 and E were also decreased by gallic acid feeding. Together, for the first time, we identified that oral gallic acid feeding inhibits prostate cancer growth and progression to advanced-stage adenocarcinoma in TRAMP mice via a strong suppression of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(5):1258–67]
Support for European Union Environmental Policy by Citizens of EU-Member and Accession States
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Gerhards Jürgen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a first step we reconstruct the emergence and content of European Union environmental policies and their underlying normative ideas. These policies have become increasingly important since the 1970s such that today the EU expects member states actively to protect the natural environment even at the price of less economic freedom and higher financial costs. We then analyze the extent to which citizens support the idea of protecting the environment. Overall the approval rating for the EU ecological ideas is rather high, and environmental protection is an integral component of European citizens' values. Nevertheless, not all countries support this to the same degree. Citizens of EU-15 countries show higher levels of support for having the environment take precedence over economic claims than do citizens in Accession I and II country groups and in Turkey. As regression analysis shows, the level of support depends on several factors. The most important ones are a country's level of economic modernization and its citizens' post-material value orientation.
Analysis of Left Ventricular Changes After Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Transthoracic Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Yang Ning-I , Hung Ming-Jui , Cherng Wen-Jin , Wang Chao-Hung , Cheng Chi-Wen , Kuo Li-Tang 
Published: April 2008

Background Little information is available regarding the relationship between three-dimensional (3-D) echocardiographic parameters in acute stage of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and subsequent left ventricular (LV) remodeling after AMI. Methods Consecutive patients with AMI were analyzed for echocardiographic predictors of subsequent LV remodeling after AMI using two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and real-time 3-D echocardiography at baseline and month 3 of follow-up. LV adverse and favorable remodeling were defined as a >10% and ≤10% increase in 3-D derived LV end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) at 3 months' follow-up compared with baseline, respectively. Results 19 AMI patients underwent real-time 3-D echocardiography at baseline and at 3 months after AMI. In patients with favorable remodeling (n = 12), baseline, LVEDVI, LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and LV stroke volume index (LVSVI) were significantly increased compared with patients with adverse remodeling. At 3 months of follow-up, patients with favorable remodeling had significant 3-D LVEDVI, LVESVI, and systolic sphericity index reductions compared to patients with adverse remodeling in which these variables were increased. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed for the identification of favorable LV remodeling. Of these, LVESVI was the most predictive variable with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for a cutoff value of >42 mL/m2 of 75%, 71%, 75%, and 71%, respectively. Conclusions LVESVI assessed by 3-D echocardiography was the most predictive parameter indicating favorable LV remodeling after AMI. LV shape on contraction changed from elliptical shape to more globular in the adverse remodeling process after AMI.
Comparison of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of bridging bronchus
Authors: Baden W. , Schaefer J. , Kumpf M. , Tzaribachev N. , Pantalitschka T. , Koitschev A. , Ziemer G. , Fuchs J. , Hofbeck M. 
Published: April 2008

Bridging bronchus (BB) is a rare, congenital bronchial anomaly that is frequently associated with congenital cardiac malformations, especially left pulmonary artery sling. It represents an anomalous bronchus to the right originating from the left main bronchus. Discrimination from other bronchial anomalies is important, since BB is frequently associated with bronchial stenoses due to abnormal cartilage rings.This case study describes the findings of bronchoscopy, bronchography and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in three patients. Bronchoscopy was helpful in the description of the severity and length of bronchial stenoses. However, it was not possible to establish a diagnosis of BB based on this method in two patients, since it is difficult or even impossible to differentiate the bifurcation from the pseudocarina. It was not possible to establish the correct diagnosis in all patients based on bronchography or MDCT. MDCT was able to depict the relationship of bronchial and vascular structures, which is particularly important in patients with pulmonary artery sling.Multidetector computed tomography is preferable to bronchography as it is less invasive and due to its short acquisition time it can be performed in children with severe respiratory disease. In the current authors’ experience, detection of cartilage rings still requires flexible bronchoscopy.
Regulation of alveolar epithelial function by hypoxia
Authors: Zhou G. , Dada L. A. , Sznajder J. I. 
Published: April 2008

Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and high-altitude pulmonary oedema build up excess lung fluid, which leads to alveolar hypoxia. In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and hypoxia, there is a decrease in oedema fluid clearance, due in part to the downregulation of plasma membrane sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase).In alveolar epithelial cells, acute hypoxia promotes Na,K-ATPase endocytosis from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments, resulting in inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity. Exposure to prolonged hypoxia leads to degradation of plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase.The downregulation of plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase reduces adenosine triphosphate demand, as part of a survival mechanism of cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Hypoxia has also been shown to disassemble and degrade the keratin intermediate filament network, a fundamental component of the cell cytoskeleton, affecting epithelial barrier function.Accordingly, better understanding of the mechanisms regulating cellular adaptation to hypoxia may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome and high-altitude pulmonary oedema patients.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits the migratory behavior of tumor bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Hazgui Salma , Bonnomet Arnaud , Nawrocki-Raby Béatrice , Milliot Magali , Terryn Christine , Cutrona Jérôme , Polette Myriam , Birembaut Philippe , Zahm Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Many studies associated the main polyphenolic constituent of green tea, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), with inhibition of cancers, invasion and metastasis. To date, most of the studies have focused on the effect of EGCG on cell proliferation or death. Since cell migration is an important mechanism involved in tumor invasion, the aim of the present work was to target another approach of the therapeutic effect of EGCG, by investigating its effect on the cell migratory behavior.

Methods
The effect of EGCG (at concentrations lower than 10 μg/ml) on the migration speed of invasive cells was assessed by using 2D and 3D models of cell culture. We also studied the effects of EGCG on proteinases expression by RT-PCR analysis. By immunocytochemistry, we analyzed alterations of vimentin organization in presence of different concentrations of EGCG.

Results
We observed that EGCG had an inhibitory effect of cell migration in 2D and 3D cell culture models. EGCG also inhibited MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression and altered the intermediate filaments of vimentin.

Conclusion
Taken together, our results demonstrate that EGCG is able to inhibit the migration of bronchial tumor cells and could therefore be an attractive candidate to treat tumor invasion and cell migration.
In vivo consequences of deleting EGF repeats 8–12 including the ligand binding domain of mouse Notch1
Authors: Ge Changhui , Liu Tongyi , Hou Xinghua , Stanley Pamela 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Notch signaling is highly conserved in the metazoa and is critical for many cell fate decisions. Notch activation occurs following ligand binding to Notch extracellular domain. In vitro binding assays have identified epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats 11 and 12 as the ligand binding domain of Drosophila Notch. Here we show that an internal deletion in mouse Notch1 of EGF repeats 8–12, including the putative ligand binding domain (lbd), is an inactivating mutation in vivo. We also show that maternal and zygotic Notch1

lbd/lbd
mutant embryos develop through gastrulation to mid-gestation.

Results

Notch1

lbd/lbd
embryos died at mid-gestation with a phenotype indistinguishable from Notch1 null mutants. In embryonic stem (ES) cells, Notch1lbd was expressed on the cell surface at levels equivalent to wild type Notch1, but Delta1 binding was reduced to the same level as in Notch1 null cells. In an ES cell co-culture assay, Notch signaling induced by Jagged1 or Delta1 was reduced to a similar level in Notch1

lbd
and Notch1 null cells. However, the Notch1

lbd/lbd
allele was expressed similarly to wild type Notch1 in Notch1

lbd/lbd
ES cells and embryos at E8.75, indicating that Notch1 signaling is not essential for the Notch1 gene to be expressed. In addition, maternal and zygotic Notch1 mutant blastocysts developed through gastrulation.

Conclusion
Mouse Notch1 lacking the ligand binding domain is expressed at the cell surface but does not signal in response to the canonical Notch ligands Delta1 and Jagged1. Homozygous Notch1

lbd/lbd
mutant embryos die at ~E10 similar to Notch1 null embryos. While Notch1 is expressed in oocytes and blastocysts, Notch1 signaling via canonical ligands is dispensable during oogenesis, blastogenesis, implantation and gastrulation.
Gene Structure Evolution of the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX) Family
Authors: On Caly , Marshall Christian R , Chen Nansheng , Moyes Christopher D , Tibbits Glen F 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is an important regulator of cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Many of its structural features are highly conserved across a wide range of species. Invertebrates have a single NCX gene, whereas vertebrate species have multiple NCX genes as a result of at least two duplication events. To examine the molecular evolution of NCX genes and understand the role of duplicated genes in the evolution of the vertebrate NCX gene family, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of NCX genes and compared NCX gene structures from sequenced genomes and individual clones.

Results
A single NCX in invertebrates and the protochordate Ciona, and the presence of at least four NCX genes in the genomes of teleosts, an amphibian, and a reptile suggest that a four member gene family arose in a basal vertebrate. Extensive examination of mammalian and avian genomes and synteny analysis argue that NCX4 may be lost in these lineages. Duplicates for NCX1, NCX2, and NCX4 were found in all sequenced teleost genomes. The presence of seven genes encoding NCX homologs may provide teleosts with the functional specialization analogous to the alternate splicing strategy seen with the three NCX mammalian homologs.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated that NCX4 is present in teleost, amphibian and reptilian species but has been secondarily and independently lost in mammals and birds. Comparative studies on conserved vertebrate homologs have provided a possible evolutionary route taken by gene duplicates subfunctionalization by minimizing homolog number.
Identification of novel vascular markers through gene expression profiling of tumor-derived endothelium
Authors: Ghilardi Carmen , Chiorino Giovanna , Dossi Romina , Nagy Zsuzsanna , Giavazzi Raffaella , Bani MariaRosa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundTargeting tumor angiogenesis and vasculature is a promising strategy for the inhibition of tumor growth and dissemination. Evidence suggests that tumor vasculature expresses unique markers that distinguish it from normal vasculature. Our efforts focused on the molecular characterization of endothelial cells (EC) in the search for selective markers of tumor vasculature that might be helpful for the development of effective therapeutic approaches.ResultsWe investigated by microarray analysis the gene expression profiles of EC purified and cultured from tumor (ovarian carcinoma [HOC-EC]) and normal (human adrenal gland [HA-EC]) tissue specimens. We found distinct transcriptional features characterizing the EC of different origin, and identified 158 transcripts highly expressed by HOC-EC. We analyzed four of these genes, ADAM23, FAP, GPNMB and PRSS3, which were not previously known to be expressed by endothelium.In vitroexperiments confirmed the higher expression of the selected genes in tumor-derived endothelium with no expression in tumor cells.In vivoinvestigation byin situhybridization established that ADAM23, GPNMB and PRSS3 expression is localized on blood vessels of human cancer specimens.ConclusionThese findings elucidate some of the molecular features of the tumor endothelium. Comparative transcriptomic analysis allowed us to determine molecular differences of tumor and normal tissue-derived endothelium and to identify novel markers that might be exploited to selectively target tumor vasculature.
Varicella-zoster virus ORF 58 gene is dispensable for viral replication in cell culture
Authors: Yoshii Hironori , Sadaoka Kay , Matsuura Masaaki , Nagaike Kazuhiro , Takahashi Michiaki , Yamanishi Koichi , Mori Yasuko 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Open reading frame 58 (ORF58) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) lies at the 3'end of the Unique long (UL) region and its functional is unknown. In order to clarify whether ORF58 is essential for the growth of VZV, we constructed a deletion mutant of ORF58 (pOka-BACΔ58) from the Oka parental genome cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome (pOka-BAC).

Results
The ORF58-deleted virus (rpOkaΔ58) was reconstituted from the pOka-BACΔ58 genome in MRC-5 cells, indicating that the ORF58 gene is non-essential for virus growth. Comparison of the growth rate of rpOkaΔ58 and recombinant wild-type virus by assessing plaque sizes revealed no significant differences between them both in MRC-5 cells and malignant melanoma cells.

Conclusion
This study shows that the ORF58 gene is dispensable for viral replication and does not affect the virus' ability to form plaques in vitro.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in serious accidental injury: 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Hepp Urs , Moergeli Hanspeter , Buchi Stefan , Bruchhaus-Steinert Helke , Kraemer Bernd , Sensky Tom , Schnyder Ulrich 
Published: April 2008

BackgroundLong-term data on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following accidents are scarce.AimsTo assess and predict PTSD in people 3 years after severe accidental injury.MethodSeverely injured patients were recruited consecutively from the intensive care unit (n=121) and assessed within 1 month of the trauma. Follow-up interviews were conducted 6 months, 12 months and 36 months later; 90 patients participated in all four interviews. Symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale.ResultsPost-traumatic stress disorder was diagnosed in 6% of patients 2 weeks after the accident, in 2% after 1 year and in 4% after 3 years. Robust predictors of later PTSD symptom level were intrusive symptoms shortly after the accident and biographical risk factors. There were individual changes over time between the categories PTSD, sub-threshold PTSD and no PTSD. Whereas PTSD symptom severity was low or decreased for most of the patients, some of them showed an increase or a delayed onset. Patients with persisting PTSD symptoms at 6 months and patients with delayed onset of symptoms are at risk of long-term PTSD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PTSD was low over the whole period of 3 years.