bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of laminins and integrins in the embryonic ventricular zone of the CNS
Authors: Lathia Justin D. , Patton Bruce , Eckley D. Mark , Magnus Tim , Mughal Mohamed R. , Sasaki Takako , Caldwell Maeve A. , Rao Mahendra S. , Mattson Mark P. , ffrench‐Constant Charles 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both a physical framework and a microenvironment that supplies instructive signals from the earliest stages of multicellular development. As a first step toward understanding the role of the ECM in regulating the behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs), here we show the localization of laminins, a heterotrimeric family of ECM molecules expressed in many different stem cell microenvironments, and their corresponding receptors in the embryonic murine ventricular zone (VZ) within which the NSCs undergo symmetrical and asymmetrical divisions required for cortical development. In addition to the presence of laminins containing both the α2 and α4 chains, we find distinct patterns of ECM receptor expression in the VZ and in the overlying cortex. Neural stem cells derived from the VZ express high levels of the integrin laminin receptor α6β1. At developmental stages at which NSCs undergo asymmetrical divisions, integrin β1 was unevenly distributed in some mitotic pairs at the ventricular wall. These results suggest a significant role in the regulation of NSC fate for laminin/integrin signaling within the microenvironment of the VZ and provide a framework for future molecular and cellular analyses of the role of the ECM in neural development. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:630–643, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auditory brainstem neural activation patterns are altered in EphA4‐ and ephrin‐B2‐deficient mice
Authors: Miko Ilona J. , Nakamura Paul A. , Henkemeyer Mark , Cramer Karina S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAuditory processing requires proper formation of tonotopically ordered projections. We have evaluated the role of an Eph receptor tyrosine kinase and an ephrin ligand in the development of these frequency maps. We demonstrated expression of EphA4 and ephrin‐B2 in auditory nuclei and found expression gradients along the frequency axis in neonates. We tested the roles of EphA4 and ephrin‐B2 in development of auditory projections by evaluating whether mutations result in altered patterns of expression of the immediate early gene c‐fos after exposure to pure tone stimuli. We evaluated two nuclei, the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), which project in two distinct auditory pathways. The mean number of c‐fos‐positive neurons in EphA4−/− DCN after 8‐kHz pure tone stimulation was 42% lower than in wild‐type DCN. Along the dorsoventral, tonotopic axis of DCN, the mean position of c‐fos‐positive neurons was similar for mutant and wild‐type mice, but the spread of these neurons along the tonotopic axis was 35% greater for ephrin‐B2lacZ/+ mice than for wild‐type mice. We also examined these parameters in MNTB after exposure to 40‐kHz pure tones. Both EphA4−/− and ephrin‐B2lacZ/+ mice had significantly fewer c‐fos‐positive cells than wild‐type littermates. The labeled band of cells was narrower and laterally shifted in EphA4−/− mice compared with wild‐type mice. These differences in cell number and distribution suggest that EphA4 and ephrin‐B2 signaling influence auditory activation patterns. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:669–681, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depth‐profile analysis from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy on As‐implanted ZnO activated in ozone ambient
Authors: Jeong T. S. , Kim J. H. , Bae S. J. , Youn C. J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChemical bonds of As‐implanted ZnO annealed in ozone molecular (O3) ambient were analyzed through the x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of the etching depth. With the etching depth increased to 25 nm from surface, the peaks of Zn2p and O1s core levels shifted toward the low‐binding energy, and the bonding formation of As 3d core level gradually varied from As2O5 to As2O3. The new peaks were observed, which were posited to high‐binding energy of 4.4 eV from Zn2p and O1s core levels. Finally, the chemical bonds of As‐based oxides were found to consist of Zn(AsO3)2, As2O5, and As2O3. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical inhomogeneities in Li2B4O7 single crystals
Authors: Kar S. , Verma S. , Bartwal K. S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLithium tetraborate, Li2B4O7 (LTB) crystals were grown by Czochralski technique. It belongs to tetragonal system with lattice parameter a = b = 9.479 Å, c = 10.286 Å. Transmission range of this crystal is 170 nm – 3300 nm. This material has attracted much attention because of its application in higher harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser and radiation dosimetry. The grown crystals were characterized for their optical inhomogeneity using etch pit study, hardness, conoscopy, interferometry, and UV‐VIS transmittance techniques. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic field dependence of the relative critical current density in γ‐irradiated polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7
Authors: Obaidat I. M. , Hamed F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe effect of different doses of γ‐rays on the behavior of the critical current density, Jc in an YBa2Cu3O7 polycrystalline sample has been investigated at high temperatures. The samples were irradiated at room temperature by a 60Co γ‐ray source at a dose rate of 0.5 MR/h. Jc was found to increase significantly with after irradiation dose of 10 MR. Further irradiation dose of 50 MR produced a slight and field dependent enhancement of Jc above its values at 10 MR. The most interesting result is that the relative change in the critical current density was found to have a non‐monotonic behavior with the applied magnetic field. These results are discussed in terms of the roles of several mechanisms created by γ‐rays in the regions of the grain boundaries combined with the effect of the magnetic field on these mechanisms. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nitric oxide in the crustacean brain: Regulation of neurogenesis and morphogenesis in the developing olfactory pathway
Authors: Benton J.L. , Sandeman D.C. , Beltz B.S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) plays major roles during development and in adult organisms. We examined the temporal and spatial patterns of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) appearance in the embryonic lobster brain to localize sources of NO activity; potential NO targets were identified by defining the distribution of NO‐induced cGMP. Staining patterns are compared with NOS and cyclic 3,5 guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) distribution in adult lobster brains. Manipulation of NO levels influences olfactory glomerular formation and stabilization, as well as levels of neurogenesis among the olfactory projection neurons. In the first 2 days following ablation of the lateral antennular flagella in juvenile lobsters, a wave of increased NOS immunoreactivity and a reduction in neurogenesis occur. These studies implicate nitric oxide as a developmental architect and also support a role for this molecule in the neural response to injury in the olfactory pathway. Developmental Dynamics 236:3047–3060, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of the morphogenetic dynamics of the ventricular surface of the developing mouse neocortex
Authors: Nishizawa Yuji , Imafuku Hiroshi , Saito Kanako , Kanda Rieko , Kimura Miyako , Minobe Sayaka , Miyazaki Fumiko , Kawakatsu Shoji , Masaoka Makoto , Ogawa Masaharu , Miyata Takaki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo understand the morphogenetic dynamics of the inner surface of the embryonic pallial (neocortical) wall, we immunohistochemically surveyed the cellular endfeet facing the lateral ventricle and found that the average endfoot area was minimal at embryonic day (E)12 in mice. This endfoot narrowing at E12 may represent a change in the mode of cell production at the surface from a purely proliferative mode that retains all daughter cells to a more differentiation‐directed mode that allows some daughter cells to leave the surface. The apices of cells undergoing mitosis were 1.5–3.9 times larger than the overall cell apices and 6.7–8.7 times smaller than the cross‐sectional area of mitotic somata. En face time‐lapse monitoring of each endfoot permitted observation of its cell cycle‐dependent size changes, division, and relationships with neighboring endfeet. Planar divisions oriented along the lateral–medial axis were less abundant than those oriented along the rostral–caudal axis at E10 and E11, but basal body distribution in each endfoot was random. Developmental Dynamics 236:3061–3070, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The A17 enhancer directs expression of Myf5 to muscle satellite cells but Mrf4 to myonuclei
Authors: Chang Ted Hung‐Tse , Vincent Stéphane D. , Buckingham Margaret E. , Zammit Peter S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe myogenic regulatory factors, Myf5 and Mrf4, play key roles in the specification and differentiation of skeletal muscle, respectively. Many cis‐acting regulatory elements at the Mrf4/Myf5 locus have been identified, including the A17 enhancer. During development, A17 in conjunction with the Mrf4 or Myf5 promoter, directs transgene expression either to embryonic or fetal muscles. We now show that this enhancer also regulates Mrf4/Myf5 transcription in the adult. A17 linked to the Myf5 promoter drives expression in muscle satellite cells, whereas with the Mrf4 promoter, A17 directs transgene expression to myonuclei. Interestingly, expression of A17‐Mrf4‐nlacZ transgenes in myonuclei varies between muscles, revealing muscle autonomous transcriptional regulation. During muscle repair, satellite cells are induced to proliferate and differentiate to provide new myonuclei. A17 directs Myf5 expression in satellite cell progeny while it only drives the Mrf4 promoter after differentiation. Importantly, therefore, this promoter‐specific activity directed by A17 reflects aspects of the expression profiles of the endogenous Myf5 and Mrf4 genes. Developmental Dynamics 236:3419–3426, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second chromosome genes required for heart development in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Tao Ye , Christiansen Audrey E. , Schulz Robert A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHeart development is an evolutionarily conserved process. The cardiac organ of Drosophila melanogaster is the dorsal vessel, a linear contractile tissue with cellular and morphogenetic similarities to the primitive heart tube formed at an early stage of vertebrate heart formation. Abundant evidence shows comparable intercellular signaling pathways and transcription factor networks are utilized in Drosophila and vertebrates, to specify cardiac progenitor cells and instruct their differentiation and function in forming the mature heart. With this proven conservation in mind, we screened the second chromosome of Drosophila for genetic intervals that harbor additional loci required for normal dorsal vessel morphogenesis. Our studies identified numerous regions, that when deleted, culminated in dorsal vessels with abnormal cell numbers and/or structural properties. Certain of the deficiency intervals were further characterized to identify individual genes essential for proper cardiac organ formation. Our analyses identified eight genes of diverse functions that are needed for dorsal vessel development. Several of these sequences have known vertebrate homologues, further supporting a conserved genetic basis for heart formation in Drosophila and higher eukaryotes. genesis 45:607–617, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A unique mouse strain expressing Cre recombinase for tissue‐specific analysis of gene function in palate and kidney development
Authors: Lan Yu , Wang Qingru , Ovitt Catherine E. , Jiang Rulang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMammalian palate development is a multistep process, involving initial bilateral downward outgrowth of the palatal shelves from the oral side of the maxillary processes, followed by stage‐specific palatal shelf elevation to the horizontal position above the developing tongue and subsequent fusion of the bilateral palatal shelves at the midline to form the intact roof of the oral cavity. While mutations in many genes have been associated with cleft palate pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms regulating palatal shelf growth, patterning, and elevation are not well understood. Genetic studies of the molecular mechanisms controlling palate development in mutant mouse models are often complicated by early embryonic lethality or gross craniofacial malformation. We report here the development of a mouse strain for tissue‐specific analysis of gene function in palate development. We inserted an IresCre bicistronic expression cassette into the 3′ untranslated region of the mouse Osr2 gene through gene targeting. We show, upon crossing to the R26R reporter mice, that Cre expression from the Osr2IresCre knockin allele activated β‐galactosidase expression specifically throughout the developing palatal mesenchyme from the onset of palatal shelf outgrowth. In addition, the Osr2IresCre mice display exclusive Cre‐mediated recombination in the glomeruli tissues derived from the metanephric mesenchyme and complete absence of Cre activity in other epithelial and mesenchymal tissues in the developing metanephric kidney. These data indicate that the Osr2IresCre knockin mice provide a unique tool for tissue‐specific studies of the molecular mechanisms regulating palate and kidney development. genesis 45:618–624, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental regulation ofBhSGAMP‐1, a gene encoding an antimicrobial peptide in the salivary glands ofBradysia hygida(Diptera, Sciaridae)
Authors: Candido‐Silva Juliana A. , Zanarotti Gabriela M. , Gallina Ana P. , de Almeida Jorge C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt has recently become clear that the innate immune systems of insects and mammals are highly conserved; in general, these systems are stimulated upon infection by microorganisms. We found in the flyBradysia hygida, a reiterated gene, which codes for a secretory peptide similar to plant‐seed antimicrobial peptides. This geneBhSGAMP‐1is activated and expressed exclusively in the salivary glands of the larvae, while they are preparing to molt. In functional tests, synthetic BhSGAMP‐1 peptide had broad spectrum antibiotic activity. Secretion of BhSGAMP‐1 in the saliva could help prevent microbial infection during molting, by killing harmful microorganisms in the immediate vicinity of the animal. This is the first description of developmentally regulated defense peptide secretion in animals. genesis 45:630‐638, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BAC transgenic expression efficiency: bicistronic versus ATG‐fusion strategies
Authors: Lin Tao , Yasumoto Hiroaki , Tsai Robert Y.L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)‐based transgene can be expressed bicistronically with the target gene or fused to its translation start codon. To compare the transgene expression efficiencies of these two methods, mice were created that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the genomic locus of nucleostemin using the bicistronic (NSiGFP) or the ATG‐fusion approach (NSmGFP). Three lines with 1, 2, and 4 copies of the NSiGFP transgene, and two lines with 1 copy of the NSmGFP transgene were generated. Of the three NSiGFP lines, only the 4‐copy line can match the NSmGFP lines in their GFP protein expression levels. Analyses of the GFP and nucleostemin RNA transcript levels exclude IRES inefficiency and suggest premature termination of the bicistronic message as the cause for low GFP expression in the NSiGFP mice. This work provides important information for designing BAC transgenics when the transgene expression level is crucial. 45:647–652, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What kind of evidence do we need for evaluating therapeutic interventions?
Authors: Haslum Mary N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe belief that randomized controlled trials provide a ‘gold standard’ for evaluating therapeutic interventions is challenged. The need for research designs that produce valid and reliable information about interventions, which is clinically/educationally relevant and personally important, is discussed together with possibilities for broadening the methods of enquiry and evaluation of interventions. It is also suggested that there is an opportunity to further support the development of rigour in reporting intervention studies irrespective of the epistemology employed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test–retest effects in treatment studies of reading disability: the devil is in the detail
Authors: McArthur Genevieve 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReynolds and Nicolson (Dyslexia, 2007; 13: 78–96) claim to show that the ‘dyslexia dyspraxia attention‐deficit treatment’ (DDAT) benefits children with reading difficulties. However, Rack, Snowling, Hulme, and Gibbs (Dyslexia, 2007; 13: 97–104) argue that because this study did not include an untrained control group then ‘all that needs to be postulated to explain the results reported is that children improve their scores on the DST screening tests simply as a result of repeated testing on the same activities’ (p. 102). How likely is it that the linguistic gains reported by Reynolds and Nicolson (Dyslexia, 2007; 13: 78–96) are due to test–retest effects? The results of previous exercise‐ and auditory‐based treatment studies that included an untrained control group suggest that test–retest effects explain gains on around 50% of real‐word reading tests, 33% of phonological recoding tests, 33% of phonological awareness tests, 17–25% of spoken language tests, and 15% of spelling tests. In addition, longer periods of time between test and retest sessions are associated with test–retest effects on measures of reading but not spoken language. These findings suggest that two of the four linguistic gains reported by Reynolds and Nicolson (Dyslexia, 2007; 13: 78–96) are due to test–retest effects (phonemic segmentation and working memory). The remaining two tests are measures of spoken language and not reading. Hence, the data reported by Reynolds and Nicolson (Dyslexia, 2007; 13: 78–96) are not sufficient to support DDAT as an effective treatment for children with reading difficulties. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and X‐ray Characterization of Mono‐ and Polynuclear Thiolatocopper(I) Complexes: The Effect of Steric Bulk on Coordination Number and Nuclearity
Authors: Zeevi Shiri , Tshuva Edit Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have synthesized a number of CuI complexes of thiophenolato ligands with different alkyl substituents in the ortho positions in a single‐step procedure starting from a readily available copper(I) precursor to evaluate the coordination preferences of the metal atom. In most cases similar reaction conditions led to the formation of two complexes: a mononuclear complex and a polynuclear cluster, as evident from X‐ray crystallography. One dinuclear complex formed has the unique geometry of an L2Cu2(μ‐L)2 core that has not previously been observed for related systems. The steric bulk around the metal atom has a clear effect on the coordination sphere of the complex obtained. Ligands with no ortho substituents and those with one substituent with a size varying from methyl to tert‐butyl all lead to the formation of three‐coordinate complexes for the mononuclear species, and clusters of different sizes where larger substituents lead to larger cages and all copper centers are three‐coordinate as well. The introduction of two methyl substituents (one in each ortho position) leads to either a mononuclear two‐coordinate copper complex or a polynuclear cluster where two copper centers are three‐coordinate and three are two‐coordinate.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Benzoazocines from Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Activated Alkynes in a Tetrahydropyridine Ring Expansion
Authors: Voskressensky Leonid G. , Listratova Anna V. , Borisova Tatiana N. , Alexandrov Grigoriy G. , Varlamov Alexey V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTetrahydroisoquinolines underwent tandem piperidine ring enlargement in the presence of activated alkynes in acetonitrile or methanol, producing tetrahydrobenzo[d]azocines in high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Tetrathiafulvalene–Imine–Pyridine Assemblies for Pb2+ Recognition
Authors: Balandier Jean‐Yves , Belyasmine Ahmed , Sallé Marc 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA series of donor–π–acceptor systems incorporating a tetrathiafulvalene moiety as the donating unit have been designed and synthesized. The efficiency of the imine (–C=N–) bond as a conjugated π‐linker in promoting intramolecular charge transfer is demonstrated and supported by calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory. This property has been explored in the case of pyridyl‐substituted systems which exhibit in particular a high binding affinity and selectivity for Pb2+ (log K = 3.5 in CH2Cl2/CH3CN), as shown by UV/Vis and 1H NMR titrations as well as by remarkable colorimetric and electrochemical signaling.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Unusual Magnesium Chloride Catalyzed Non‐Evans anti‐Aldol Reactions of an Enolizable L‐Threose Derivative
Authors: McNulty James , Nair Jerald J. , Sliwinski Marcin , Harrington Laura E. , Pandey Siyaram 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe magnesium chloride catalyzed anti‐aldol reaction of phenyl acetate derived oxazolidinones proceeds readily with enolizable L‐threose derivative 8 to provide anti‐aldol adducts in high yields and with very high diastereoselectivities. The reaction is also efficient with aromatic aldehydes and provides slightly lower diastereoselectivities. This extension allows access to stereochemically defined fragments applicable to the synthesis of alkaloid and phenylpropanoid derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Finite‐volume multi‐stage schemes for shallow‐water flow simulations
Authors: Guo Wen‐Dar , Lai Jihn‐Sung , Lin Gwo‐Fong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA finite‐volume multi‐stage (FMUSTA) scheme is proposed for simulating the free‐surface shallow‐water flows with the hydraulic shocks. On the basis of the multi‐stage (MUSTA) method, the original Riemann problem is transformed to an independent MUSTA mesh. The local Lax–Friedrichs scheme is then adopted for solving the solution of the Riemann problem at the cell interface on the MUSTA mesh. The resulting first‐order monotonic FMUSTA scheme, which does not require the use of the eigenstructure and the special treatment of entropy fixes, has the generality as well as simplicity. In order to achieve the high‐resolution property, the monotonic upstream schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL) method are used. For modeling shallow‐water flows with source terms, the surface gradient method (SGM) is adopted. The proposed schemes are verified using the simulations of six shallow‐water problems, including the 1D idealized dam breaking, the steady transcritical flow over a hump, the 2D oblique hydraulic jump, the circular dam breaking and two dam‐break experiments. The simulated results by the proposed schemes are in satisfactory agreement with the exact solutions and experimental data. It is demonstrated that the proposed FMUSTA schemes have superior overall numerical accuracy among the schemes tested such as the commonly adopted Roe and HLL schemes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.