bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Axial Length Influence the Dose Effect of Horizontal Strabismus Surgery?
Authors: Uecelehan Hatice , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background Dose effect (DE) of strabismus surgery is thought to decrease with increasing axial length (AL), and it has been suggested that this effect may be more important in hyperopes over + 2 D. Here, we analyse the influence of AL on the DE of horizontal strabismus surgery in regard to its clinical relevance.
Methods Retrospective chart analysis of patients who had undergone horizontal strabismus surgery between 2020 and 2023. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis and ANOVA (R 4.1.2).
Results There were 65 patients (34 male and 31 female) included; mean age: 18.0 years (range 5 – 74). Mean AL was 23.50 mm (range: 20.80 – 28.50 mm). At the 3-month follow-up, 83.1% of patients demonstrated binocularity. Mean DE was 2.36 PD/mm at distance and 2.60 in near vision. There was no significant influence of AL on the DE of surgery (p = 0.30). However, DE was significantly higher in esotropia (n = 32) than exotropia (n = 33) in distant and near vision (p = 0.0 000 403) and in both groups, patients with positive binocularity had a significantly greater DE than patients without binocularity (p = 0.0032).
Conclusion Our data showed no significant correlation between AL and the DE of surgery, while the type of strabismus and binocularity had a significant influence on the DE of surgery. However, AL is still important for surgical planning, in particular, to assess the risk of a deviating muscle path or thin sclera in high myopia.
Gram-Scale Total Synthesis of Cordiachrome B
Authors: Zhu Junmei , Zhang Ting , Bi Ruru 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCordiachromes A–C are terpenoid benzoquinones that exhibit significant antimalarial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, and cytotoxic activities. Herein, we report a gram-scale total synthesis of cordiachrome B from inexpensive, commercially available 3-methoxybenzaldehyde in six linear steps. Highlights of the synthesis include a Ti(O-i-Pr)4-promoted photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction to construct the desired cis configuration at the B–C ring junction, matching that of the natural product; an N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine-directed regioselective methylation; a Pd-catalyzed ortho-C–H methoxylation enabled by a monodentate transient directing group to give 3,6-dimethoxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde on a large scale for the PEDA reaction; and a Tebbe olefination to convert the carbonyl group into the methylene group required for the natural product. The concise and scalable synthesis provides a novel strategy for producing these natural products and related congeners for further medicinal-chemistry studies. Cordiachrome B was shown, for the first time, to exhibit a moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and its methicillin-resistant strain.
Late Onset Hepatic Encephalopathy after Living Donor Liver Transplant: Successful Reversal by Plug Embolization of Shunt—A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bashir Shahnawaz , Praharaj Dibyalochan , Khan Adnan , Gupta Subhash , Gakher Pragati 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn liver transplant (LT) recipients, development of portosystemic (PS) shunts can lead to hepatic encephalopathy. Here we report the cases of two patients who presented with hepatic encephalopathy 11 and 15 years after LT. Plug-assisted embolization of PS shunt led to significant improvement in their clinical and neurological symptoms, highlighting the importance of monitoring for PS shunts in long-term LT follow-up.
“Turning right”? An experimental study on the political value shift in large language models
Authors: Liu Yifei , Panwang Yuang , Gu Chao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Constructing artificial intelligence that aligns with human values is a crucial challenge, with political values playing a distinctive role among various human value systems. In this study, we adapted the Political Compass Test and combined it with rigorous bootstrapping techniques to create a standardized method for testing political values in AI. This approach was applied to multiple versions of ChatGPT, utilizing a dataset of over 3000 tests to ensure robustness. Our findings reveal that while newer versions of ChatGPT consistently maintain values within the libertarian-left quadrant, there is a statistically significant rightward shift in political values over time, a phenomenon we term a ‘value shift’ in large language models. This shift is particularly noteworthy given the widespread use of LLMs and their potential influence on societal values. Importantly, our study controlled for factors such as user interaction and language, and the observed shifts were not directly linked to changes in training datasets. While this research provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of value alignment in AI, it also underscores limitations, including the challenge of isolating all external variables that may contribute to these shifts. These findings suggest a need for continuous monitoring of AI systems to ensure ethical value alignment, particularly as they increasingly integrate into human decision-making and knowledge systems.
Feasibility validation of piezoelectric actuators under full-ocean-depth pressure conditions: A study based on M-shaped hybrid-mode design
Authors: Chen Di , Yu Pengpeng , Zhang Shiyu , Zhang Anti , Wang Liang , Jin Jiamei 
Published: February 2025

Due to the extremely high pressures in the deep sea, traditional rigid actuators typically require protective vessels and pressure-compensation systems, leading to complex structures and increased risk of structural failure. The inherent adaptability of piezoelectric excitation and friction-coupling drive to high-pressure environments suggests that, theoretically, piezoelectric actuators can operate in full-ocean-depth pressure conditions with an open, direct-immersion structure without requiring bulky pressure-compensation systems. However, the feasibility of piezoelectric actuators operating in full-ocean-depth pressure environments (0–110 MPa) remains unvalidated. To address this, we designed an M-shaped hybrid-mode piezoelectric actuator to experimentally verify its performance under full-ocean-depth pressure conditions. The actuator’s structural dimensions were determined using the finite element method to meet the requirements of frequency degeneracy. We developed a high-pressure water simulation system and measured velocity to evaluate the actuator's performance in simulated full-ocean-depth pressure environments. Our results demonstrate that the actuator prototype operates successfully under pressures up to 110 MPa, equivalent to a depth of 11 000 m, the Earth's deepest point. In addition, the actuator’s velocity remains stable across hydrostatic pressures ranging from 0 to 110 MPa. Although our experiments focus on the M-shaped hybrid-mode design, this actuator embodies the core principles of piezoelectric excitation and friction-coupling drive, which are broadly applicable to various piezoelectric actuators. By validating this design, we broaden both the structural configurations and driving mechanisms available for piezoelectric actuators and provide key insights into the feasibility of piezoelectric actuators operating under full-ocean-depth pressure conditions.
Spherically symmetric and static black bounces with multiple horizons, throats, and anti-throats in four dimensions
Authors: Rodrigues Manuel E , de S Silva Marcos V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Black bounce (BB) spacetimes usually arise from the Simpson–Visser regularization method. This type of metric presents a wormhole throat inside an event horizon. In this paper, we presented new classes of BB spacetime solutions, which have multiple horizons, throats, and anti-throats. These solutions are variants of black holes and wormholes, based on modifications of the Schwarzschild and Simpson–Visser metrics. The metric function allows for multiple horizons and throats, and the asymptotic behavior recovers the Schwarzschild solution. The article considers a scalar field coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics, generating solutions with a partially phantom scalar field and a magnetic monopole. The energy conditions can be satisfied or violated depending on the region of spacetime, analyzed through an anisotropic fluid. The regularity of the spacetime is ensured by the analysis of the Kretschmann scalar.
A federated learning based intelligent fault diagnosis framework for manufacturing processes with intraclass and interclass imbalance
Authors: Ma Liang , Shi Fuzhong , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Data based fault diagnosis technologies are important measures to improve the operation safety, stability, and reliability of manufacturing processes, which are key entry points and innovation powers to promote the intelligent manufacturing as well as improve the operation efficiency. Class-balanced datasets are often used for modeling and fault diagnosis by the traditional data based methods. However, in practical engineering applications, manufacturing processes often produce multiple classifications of imbalance data, bringing great challenges to the promotions and applications of the classical data based methods. To this end, an intelligent fault diagnosis framework is proposed for manufacturing processes, of which the issues on the intraclass and interclass imbalance have been specially focused. Specifically, considering the non-independently identically distribution characteristics among different fault data and the low recognition rates of minority fault samples, a new cost sensitive convolutional neural network is constructed as a base classifier by coordinating the cross entropy loss function with a specific cost sensitive index. Subsequently, a federated learning based aggregation algorithm is designed to optimize the participation weights of local classifiers with the purpose of cooperating with multiple classifiers to improve the model generalization performance. Finally, the validity of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a typical hot rolling process with different forms of imbalance fault data. The simulation results show that superior diagnosis performance can be achieved compared with some comparative algorithms in each scenario.
Balance energy savings with indoor comfort – an ANN-based energy management controller for flexible loads
Authors: Miow Xie Cherng , Lim Yun Seng , Hau Lee Cheun , Wong Jianhui , Chin Wai Meng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flexible loads are common building demands that have gathered attention in demand-side management. However, further study is still required in applying machine learning-based methods on flexible loads to provide energy savings in practical studies. Thus, this article introduces an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based energy management controller for flexible loads, particularly VRV X AC and refrigerators. The controller balances energy savings and indoor comfort by controlling temperature set points for VRV X AC and duty cycles for refrigerators. Experimental data from the Daikin Research & Development building in Malaysia shows that the ANN-based controller can achieve energy savings of up to 27% while maintaining indoor comfort at an average temperature of 26.76°C with a Desired Energy Saving Coefficient (DESC) of 0.95. It is important to note that DESC represents the trade-off between energy savings and indoor comfort, with higher DESC values offering more significant savings at the potential cost of reduced comfort. Although maximum DESC settings have demonstrated up to 36% energy savings on-site, they have led to some compromise in comfort, evident from the higher average temperature of 27°C. This article highlights the fine balance between energy savings and indoor comfort during high building power demand.
Physical Properties Investigation of Bi2O3-PbO-B2O3-P2O5 Glasses
Authors: Ariyanti S , Marzuki A , Cari  , Ramelan A H , Fausta D E , Harjana  , Sutomo A D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bismuth-lead glasses incorporated with different concentrations of P2O5 have been synthesized. The composition of the glasses is 53Bi2O3-28PbO-(19-x)B2O3-xP2O5 (BPBP) (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mol%). All glasses were melted at 900°C for 40 minutes and subsequently annealed at 275°C for 8 hours and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1°C/minute. Density measurements were carried out at room temperature using a pycnometer. It was shown that the density increases with increasing P2O5 concentration, that is, from 7.42 g/cm3 to 8.20 g/cm3. From the glasses composition and density data, several important physical properties of glasses were derived, i.e., P3+ ions concentration (Np), polar radius (rp), inter-ionic distance (ri), field strength (F), and oxygen packing density (OPD). With increasing P2O5 concentration, the Np value increases from 0 to 22.73 x 1021 ions/cm3the rp decreases from 0.2461 to 0.0383 Å, and the ri decreases from 0.9408 to 0.1446 Å. It was also shown that the OPD decreased from 56.10 mol/L to 62.19 mol/L, indicating that increasing P2O5 concentration raises the portion of Bridging Oxygen (BO) in the glass matrix.
Effect of various fluids on insulated seamless pipelines on Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) level in Remaining Life Assessment (RLA) determination using Lixi Profiler
Authors: Fadhilah Syah Nikmatul , Mulyono Tasih , Ismail  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Enhanced Oil Recovery involves two types of seamless pipes with different fluids: steam and crude oil. The pipes using certain standards, even pipes with different fluids have different standards, methods, and results. The pipes are insulated so CUI can appear. This research analyses the effect of various fluids in insulated seamless pipelines on the corrosion rate to determine the pipe’s RLA using Lixi Profiler. By analysing the minimum thickness of Gadolinium153’s photons can verification by pitting gauge and get CUI. Inspections on a 8-inch steam pipeline and a 6-inch crude oil pipeline. Lixi Profiler scanning results showed the steam pipe which was more stable than the crude oil pipe due to the radiation absorption quantity. It is found that the RLA of the steam pipe tends to be safe, while the crude oil pipe has the lowest RLA in the range of 0 to 2.7 years and is recommended to repair immediately. The identification results of external corrosion on crude oil pipelines and steam pipelines are pitting corrosion with depths 0.26 mm to 2.95 mm and CUI on 0.39 mm to 1.68 mm. This proves that corrosion rate of crude oil pipelines is higher than steam pipelines because they have more fittings, smaller pressures, and lower operating temperatures.
Evaluation of post-excavation engineering geological condition at the diversion tunnel of Tiga Dihaji Dam Construction, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Krisdianto Panji , Setiawan Hendy , Budianta Wawan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The diversion tunnel at Tiga Dihaji Dam used underground tunneling construction with a diameter of 7 meters and a tunnel length of 595 meters. The diversion tunnel was already excavated, and the support systems were installed. The underground condition of the tunnel depends on the rock mass characteristics. Hence, the engineering geological conditions must be evaluated after the excavation process. Five aspects were evaluated: geomorphology, lithology, geological structure, groundwater level, and rock mass quality. Two methods were used to evaluate all of the five aspects: geological surface mapping and core sample analysis. Geological surface mapping was conducted on a 1,3 x 1,5 kilometers area around the diversion tunnel to obtain the geomorphology, lithology, and geological structure data. Core sample analysis was conducted by analyzing four sample cores along the tunnel alignment to obtain groundwater level and rock mass quality data. Two kinds of rock mass classification were used to analyze the rock mass quality: Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI). The evaluation will be presented in the form of engineering geological maps. Results indicated that the geomorphological condition of the study area was classified into steep sloping hills, gently sloping hills, and very steep sloping river valley units. The lithology condition was classified into tuff, interbedded sandstone and carbonaceous siltstone, and colluvial sediment. Systematic shear joints at some observation stations were observed, indicating the presence of weak planes in the diversion tunnel. The groundwater level was at 241-243 meters above sea level, which was above the elevation of the diversion tunnel at 218-221 meters. In addition, the rock mass quality in the study area consists of good, fair, and poor quality rocks for both methods, with RMR values ranging between 37,00 to 61,60, and the GSI of 32,50 to 73,90. In conclusion, the rock mass classification depends on the lithological settings and the weathering conditions in the study area.
Nickel Oxide Photocatalyst derived from Leached Spent Ni-Mo Catalyst using Citric Acid Solution
Authors: Izza Dani Putra Rasya , Suci Novitasari Putri , Asto Putro Firman , Jumari Arif , Paramitha Tika , Satria Yudha Cornelius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ni-Mo catalyst has been commercially employed in both petroleum and petrochemical industries. Due to poisoning, this catalyst becomes inactive; therefore, it must be recycled properly. In this research, the citric acid solution was employed to recover selectively nickel from the catalyst through an extractive metallurgy mechanism. The leached Ni was converted into nickel oxide via the solution combustion method (SCM). The leaching solution was analyzed using FTIR. The post-combustion powder and post-sintered powder were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Based on SEM-EDX analysis, the resulting NiO powder has a sub-micron size and high Ni and O content. XRD and FTIR analyses confirm the presence of cubic-structured NiO with a dominant Ni-O bond. The samples were used as a Fenton catalyst during the photodegradation of Crystal Violet (CV) under UV-C light irradiation, resulting in a degradation efficiency of 91.6% after 50 minutes of 20 ppm CV.
Removal of mercury and iron in water using reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide composite
Authors: Wahyuni Dwiria , Nurhasanah  , Muhammad Arsyad Ya’ , Mariani  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and iron (Fe) contamination in the water is classified as water pollution. This study aims to synthesize and evaluate a reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide (rGO/ZnO) composite as an efficient adsorbent for removing Hg and Fe in the water. The varied mass of GO was prepared by sonication, aiming to reduce particle size and the oxygen functional group of GO. The rGO/ZnO was prepared by mixing sonicated GO and Zinc (Zn) powder in distilled water, followed by hydrothermal treatment. The rGO/ZnO composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing the coverage of rGO layers by ZnO. The performance of the rGO/ZnO composite as an adsorbent for Hg and Fe removal was evaluated through adsorption experiments. The results in varied concentrations of GO showed that the composite rGO/ZnO exhibited high adsorption for Hg and Fe ions in the water, with the highest adsorption capacity of 126 mg/g and 22.95 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest removal efficiency of the composite was 99.83% for Hg and 91.82% for Fe. The observed color in well water also changes qualitatively and quantitatively up to 92.26%. In conclusion, the rGO/ZnO composite is a promising adsorbent for removing Hg and Fe ions in the water and decolorizing water contaminated by Fe.
Investigation of the characteristic relation of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Cellulose Acetate Membranes as Separator of Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Dinastuti Ria , Retno Dyartanti Endah , Jumari Arif , Wahyu Widodo Diyan , Budi Utomo Albuni Sukma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The separator membranes is one of the lithium ion battery components which functions to prevent short circuits in the battery cells and the lithium ion transfer medium. Types of polymers that can be used for separation membranes include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylide fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). PVDF polymer was selected because it has the advantages of high polarity, high dielectric constant, and excellent electrochemical stability. However, the polymer has a weakness, namely a relatively high level of crystallinity, so it needs to be blended with Cellulose Acetate (CA) to reduce the degree of crystallinity and improve membranes performance. Fillers are used as additives to increase ionic conductivity. This research aims to determine the effect of nanoclay filler concentration on PVDF/CA membranes. The membranes solution was made by mixing CA, PVDF, nanoclay, and PVP addictive, with variations of nanoclay (0; 1.75; 3.59; 5.22; 6.94; and 8.46 %wt). The CA/PVDF membranes was then put through characterisation testing with FTIR, XRD, SEM, electrolyte uptake, and porosity. According to the test results, the best characterisation results are found in membranes with variations of nanoclay 6.94 %wt, which have electrolyte uptake values of 78.208% and porosity values of 97.520%.
Analysis of dose distribution and radiation source effectiveness in brachytherapy for right lung cancer using ORNL-MIRD 1996 Phantom with MCNP 6.2 software
Authors: Indah Purwati Inies , Purwanto Hery , Riyatun  , Anwar Fuad , Arianto Fajar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy that uses radiation to destroy cancer cells. Radiation can cause cells to ionize and deposit their energy. Brachytherapy simulations have been performed on right lung cancer using MCNP6.2. Organs at risk include the left lung, heart, pancreas, and liver. The therapy process uses a total of 60 seeds with varying amounts from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 to 60 for each radiation source. The radiation sources used were Ir
192, Pd
103 and Cs
131 with gamma energy in MeV of 0.38; 0.021; and 0.0304, respectively. With the variation of seed number, the absorbed dose in right lung cancer and the optimal seed number for sources Ir
192, Pd
103 and Cs
131 are (31.326±0.013) Gy with the optimal seed number of 80, (6.925±0.038) Gy with the optimal seed number of 364, and (4.043±0.066) Gy with the optimal seed number of 623. For the results of the effective dose distribution in right lung cancer for each radiation source, Ir
192 is (1.5663±0.0072) Sv, Pd
103 is (0.3462±0.0071) Sv, and Cs
131 is (0.2021±0.0071) Sv. Based on this study, the absorbed dose in right lung cancer for a 10-year-old child is optimal at a dose of (31.326±0.013) Gy. The optimal effective dose for right lung cancer in a 10-year-old child is (1.5663±0.0072) Sv.