bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Salinity on Growth, Ionic Relations and Physiological Traits of Wheat, Disomic Addition Lines from Thinopyrum bessarabicum, and Two Amphiploids
Authors: Mahmood A. , Quarrie S. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of NaCl on the growth, ion relations and physiological characteristics at early stages of growth of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Glennson 81’, ‘Chinese Spring’ lines tetrasomic for chromosomes 5A, 2B and 5B, ‘Chinese Spring’ disomic addition lines for chromosomes 2Eb and 5Eb from Thinopyrum bessarabicum (formerly Agropyron junceum), and amphiploids between ‘Chinese Spring’ and Thinopyrum bessarabicum and ‘Chinese Spring’ and Lophopyrum elongatum (formerly Agropyron elongatum) were examined.Plants were grown in a controlled environment cabinet, in nutrient solution with or without addition of 200 mol m−3 NaCl. Growth in terms of leaf area, shoot and root weights was reduced by salt treatment. Salinity conditions gradually reduced the osmotic potential, though there was little effect on water potential. Turgor pressure was not much affected by salt. There was variation between genotypes for all the characteristics studied, especially in the extent of Na accumulation by leaves and roots. The amphiploids and 5Eb addition line accumulated the least Na in comparison with other genotypes. Generally roots accumulated lower quantities of Na than leaves. Genotype K contents were not affected by salt treatment. Stomatal conductance also declined whilst the ABA content increased in the salt treated seedlings.With respect to growth, the amphiploids and 5Eb addition line were most tolerant to salt while ‘Glennson 81’, tetrasomic 2B and tetrasomic 5B lines were most susceptible. The addition of homoeologous group 2 and 5 chromosomes reduced the tolerance to salt relative to ‘Chinese Spring’ euploid.It is concluded that chromosome 5Eb of Thinopyrum bessarabicum carries gene(s) for tolerance to salt and this tolerance may be due to the ability to exclude Na ions from the leaves and roots.
Relationship between Grain Yield and Remotely‐Sensed Data in Wheat Breeding Experiments
Authors: Ball Shane T. , Konzak Calvin F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractData from aerial infrared photographs have recently been proposed as a complementary analytical tool for evaluating genotype performance in breeders' trials. Our objective was to establish the relationships between spring wheat grain yield and remotely‐sensed data in a variety experiment. Large genotype differences (P ≤ 0.05) in grain yield, red, and near infrared reflectance values occurred. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) regressions between grain yield and remoteley‐sensed data were observed for two dates of flight, but these functions varied between dates of flight. A normalized difference vegetative index, as an estimate of crop productivity, indicated that spring wheats with the highest grain yields may show correspondingly high dry matter production. However, low r2 values for the remotely‐sensed values suggest that much of the variability is not explained by these models. Future research must develop more accurate methods of remotely‐sensed analysis, including standardizing the images, identifying the correct time with respect to stage of crop development for infrared photographs, incorporating crop harvest index data into the models, and adjusting for identified spatial variation.
Pasta‐Making Quality in Triticum durum. New Indices from the Ratio among Protein Components Separated by SDS‐PAGE
Authors: Galterio G. , Grita L. , Brunori A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDensitometric analysis of the gluten subunits as resolved by SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis of 23 samples from seven varieties of durum wheat has provided further evidence for the positive effect on the quality of pasta made from durum wheat of low‐molecular‐weight glutenins (LMWG) and high‐molecular‐weight‐glutenins (HMWG) and the negative influence of the intermediate‐molecular‐weight group (IMWG) (albumins, globulins, some glutenins, and omega gliadins).Differences in the expression of pasta quality were expected among the varieties investigated. However, high quality was invariably the result of a preferential accumulation of (LMWG) and (HMWG) in respect to IMWG. It appeared that such a biochemical feature could represent a general mechanism on which the pasta‐making quality of durum wheat relies.The high correlation observed between the ratio (LMWG)/IMWG or (LMWG + HMWG)/IMWG and quality (r = 0.85*** and 0.88***, respectively) suggested that SDS‐PAGE with densitometry of the gluten subunits could provide new quality indices useful in breeding durum wheats with improved pasta‐making quality and for the grading of durum produce for industrial purposes.
Analysis and Use of Interpool‐Crosses (Mediterranean × Central European) in Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) I. Performance of Mediterranean and Central European Faba Beans in Syria and Germany
Authors: Kitttlitz E. V. , Ibrahim K. I. M. , Ruckenbauer P. , Robertson L. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Central European and the Mediterranean Vicia faba gene pools carry different traits favourable for selecting cultivars with a high and stable yield performance. Interpool crosses, therefore, should provide interesting new basic material, although lack of adaptation of each “exotic” parent and linkage of genes may act against the introgression of favourable genes. In a first approach, five German and five Syrian parents (bred by ICARDA) of an interpool‐crossing programme were tested in two years in both regions of origin. The Syrian cultivars proved to be fairly well adapted in the German trials, while the German cultivars were highly unadapted to the Syrian conditions. The advantage of interpool‐crosses for both gene pools is discussed and recommendations on the further breeding strategy for adaptation of interpool‐cross‐progenies are given.
Inheritance of Bolting in Three Sugar Beet Crosses after Different Periods of Vernalization
Authors: Sadeghian S. Y. , Becker H. C. , Johansson E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe induction of bolting after different periods of vernalization was studied in the parental, F1, F2 and backcross generations (F2× P1 and F2× P2) of three crosses between five sugar beet lines. The parental lines represented different levels of bolting resistance. The populations were evaluated in replicated field or greenhouse trials. Generation mean analysis was used to quantify the genetic effects of bolting. The additive (d) parameter was predominant for those levels of cold treatment that stimulated the bolting to occur. The dominance (h) parameter was also shown to be important in most cases. In one cross, the additive × additive (i) type of epistasis was significant. The chances of detecting genetic effects are increased by exposing the plants to vernalization conditions which maximize the difference between two parental lines of each cross. Hence, it would be sensible to exploit both additive and non‐additive genetic effects in any selection programme.
Genetic Resources for Salt Tolerance in the Wild Progenitors of Wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in Israel
Authors: Nevo E. , Krugman T. , Beiles A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSalt tolerance was tested in the progenitors of cultivated cereals, wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) from Israel. Plants from five selected populations of H. spontaneum from the Mediterranean Coastal Plain and northern Negev desert, were grown on 250 and 350 mM of NaCl. Likewise, five populations of T. dicoccoides from the eastern Samaria steppes, Mt. Hermon and Mt. Carmel, were grown on 175 and 250 mM of NaCl. Here we report on superior genotypes of H. spontaneum, ripening at 350 mM NaCl (= 60 % sea water), and of T. dicoccoides ripening at 250 mM (— 40 % sea water). We are proceeding now with both genetical and physiological studies aimed at chromosomally‐locating salt tolerant genes and unravelling the mechanism(s) of salt resistance in these wild cereals.
Variation at Glu‐1 Loci in Club Wheats
Authors: Rayfuse L. M. , Jones S. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHexaploid club wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) possess unique end‐use quality characteristics and are grouped as a U.S. market subclass of soft white common wheat. Although there have been many reports on associations among high‐molecular‐weight glutenin storage protein (HMW‐Glu) sub‐units with end‐use quality in hard wheats; there has been very limited work done on surveying the club wheats for these subunits. The HMW‐Glu subunits, spike types and grain color were determined for 41 U.S. club wheat cultivars and 79 club accessions obtained from the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC), USDA‐ARS. Accession ‘Harlan JR 35’ (PI 420948), which appears morphologically to be a hexaploid club wheat, was determined to be tetraploid. Egyptian line ‘Maya II‐Tel's’ (PI 422288) was shown to have previously undescribed HMW‐Glu subunits. In the U.S. club wheats the most common HMW‐Glu subunits were: null, 49 % (Glu‐A1); 6, 37 % (Glu‐B1); and 2 + 12, 94 % (Glu‐D1). In the NSGC group the most common HMW‐Glu sub‐units were: 2*, 52 % (Glu‐A1); 7 + 8, 31 % (Glu‐B1); and 2 + 12, 92 % (Glu‐D1). The high frequency of subunits 2 + 12 in the club wheat groups has not been observed previously in numerous surveys of diverse wheat cultivars. The Glu‐B1 subunits 6 (without subunit 8) and 20 which have not been reported in US red wheats, were shown to be common in both club wheat groups. A comparison of diversity indices, including previous studies on HMW‐Glu subunit frequencies on all market classes of wheat, showed that the club groups are as diverse for the Glu‐A1 and Glu‐B1 loci and less diverse for the Glu‐D1 locus.
Chromosomal Assignment of Three Enzyme Coding Loci (Icd1, Nad‐Mdh1 and Aco1) Using Primary Trisomics in Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Lange W. , Oleo M. , De Bock Th. S. M. , D'Haeseleer M. , Jacobs M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChromosomal assignment of three enzyme coding loci was established by evaluation of the segregation distortion in the offspring of crosses between heterozygous primary trisomics of a complete series in beet (Beta vulgaris) and heterozygous diploid pollinators. Depending on the rate of isozyme polymorphism in the original plant material, at least one, but more often two, crossing cycles were needed to obtain the desired segregating populations. In one case, a backcross was used to confirm the segregation distortion, and in two cases, the chromosomal assignment of the isozyme loci was confirmed by studying the dosage shift in the electrophoretic pattern of the critical trisomics. The isocitrate dehydrogenase locus (Icd1) is situated on chromosome II, the NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase locus (Nad‐Mdh1) on chromosome III, and the aconitase locus (Aco1) on chromosome IV.
Characterization of Organellar DNA in Alloplasmic Lines of Brassica napus L.
Authors: Halldén C. , Gertsson B. , Säll T. , Lind‐Halldén C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRestriction analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA were used to compare 19 different Brassica napus lines. Since these lines are all involved in a study of alloplasmic effects in male‐fertile B. napus, and the majority were extracted from different parts of a B. napus breeding programme, most cytoplasms are from B. napus, B. campestris or B. oleracea. Three cytoplasms differed from the expected pattern, emphazising the importance of control of the cytoplasms in alloplasmic studies. Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA data produced analogous results, and these two sources of data are compared with respect to their usefulness in a plant breeding context where most of the samples are closely related.
Assignment of the denso Dwarfing Gene to the Long Arm of Chromosome 3(3H) of Barley by Use of RFLP Markers
Authors: Laurie D. A. , Pratchett N. , Romero C. , Simpson E. , Snape J. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRFLP analysis of 105 doubled haploid lines from a cross between the barley varieties ‘Magnum’ and ‘Goldmarker’ located the denso dwarfing gene on the long arm of chromosome 3(3H), approximately 8 cM distal to the RFLP locus Xpsrl70. Lines with the denso gene showed a distinctive prostrate juvenile growth habit and tended to have later ear emergence times and lower plant grain weights, ear grain weights and 50 grain weights.
Influence of the Indoleacetic Acid‐Lysine Synthetase Gene (iaaL) of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi on Yield Attributes of Potatoes
Authors: Fladung M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe iaaL gene of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi encodes an indoleacetic acid‐lysine synthetase which conjugates free indoleacetic acid (IAA) with lysine. lAA‐lys is biologically less active than free IAA. The iaaL coding region was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transgenic potato plants were produced (Spena et al. 1991). 35S iaaL potato plants are characterized by increased internodal length and epinastic bending of older leaves. In three greenhouse experiments with plants grown in pots of different size and in two growth chamber experiments tuber number increased in iaaL transgenic plants compared to untransformed and vector‐transformed controls of the same genotype. The increase in tuber numbers observed under controlled conditions was reflected in tuber yield which increased in the pot grown transgenics.
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Growth Rate in Lisianthus
Authors: Ecker R. , Barzilay A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA study was made of the inheritance of stem elongation rate during early (SER1) and late (SER2) vegetative growth period, of mean leaf width (MLW) and of days to flowering (DTP) in lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum Shinn.). The analysis was based on the data of an F1 diallel cross between different breeding lines. Marked directional heterosis was found for SER1, SER2 and MLW, but not for DTF, in which the dominance effects were incomplete and non‐directional. SER1 and SER2 were positively correlated with MLW, but negatively correlated with DTP. The implications and the potential of heterotic growth rate of F1 hybrid lisianthus are discussed.
Inheritance of Seed Coat Thickness in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Gil J. , Cubero J. I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe desi and kabuli chickpeas are characterized, among other things, by their seed coats being thicker in the desi than in the kabuli type. The inheritance of seed coat thickness, and its relation to flower colour and seed size, was studied. Seed coat thickness exhibits monogenic inheritance, the thin kabuli seed coat being the recessive character. Linkage was found between seed coat thickness and flower colour, the recombinant fraction being 0.19. No relationship was found between seed coat thickness and seed size. The role of these characters in the evolution of the chickpea is discussed.
Hybridization, Through Culture of Embryos and Immature Seeds, of a Range of Tomato Cultivars with a Tomato Somatic Hybrid [Lycopersicon esculentum (+) L. peruvianum]: Emergence of a Possible New Marker Gene for Tomato Breeding
Authors: Paul R. S. , Latif M. , D'Utra Vaz F. B. , Davey M. R. , Power J. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo hexaploid somatic hybrids [Sh; L. esculentum (+) L. Peruvianum] accessions 6 and 18 were back‐crossed with two diploid L. Esculentum cultivars ‘Moneymaker’ (mm) and ‘pusa Ruby’ (pr). Twenty‐two plants of the bc2 generation were produced by backcrossing 7 bcl plants (mm x sh, 6, 18) with five tomato cultivars. Fourteen of the bc2 plants were self‐fertile, five produced anther cones with anthocyanin pigmentation not present in the parents. A bc3 generation was developed by crossing the four cultivars as female parent with three bc2 generation plants. The bc3 progeny derived from one pollen parent plant were produced without the need to culture immature seeds. They segregated with respect to pigmented anther cones and were self‐fertile. The anther cone pigmentation of the pollen parent plant was associated with increased seed set, greater fruit size and an orange‐red fruit colour. These features were transmitted to the fertile bc3 generation. Conversely, bc3 offspring involving the other two parent plants were only recovered by culture of immature seeds. The recovery of diploid plants in BCl and self‐fertility in BC2 resulted in almost total recovery of the tomato cultivar characteristics (fruit size, colour and number of seeds) by BC3.
The Effect of Photoperiod Insensitivity on the Salt Tolerance of Amphiploids between Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Sand Couch Grass (Thinopyrum bessarabicum)
Authors: Martin P. K. , Taeb M. , Koebner R. M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe amphiploid between bread wheat cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ and sand couch grass Thinopyrum bessarabicum is tolerant of salinity stress under long daylengths, but is extremely late‐flowering and grows poorly under short daylength conditions. A newly synthesized amphiploid between the inter‐varietal single chromosome substitution line carrying chromosome 2D of the photoinsensitive cultivar ‘Ciano 67’ in a ‘Chinese Spring’ background and the same accession of Th. bessarabicum is photoinsensitive and is more tolerant of salinity stress under short daylengths, both in terms of decreased ionic uptake and in showing less damage to a range of agronomic characters. The genetic basis of this difference is probably due to the presence in this genotype of both Ppdl and to allelic differences between the Thinopyrum gametes involved in the two amphiploids.
A Potential Screening System for Identifying Sorghum Ecotypes with Increased Lysine in the Seeds
Authors: Vernaillen S. , Laureys F. , Jacobs M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractClassical “high‐lysine” sorghum lines are characterized by smaller seeds than average, due to a decrease in prolamin synthesis and a subsequent decrease in yield. To exploit the natural variation in lysine content and to identify ecotypes with a seed lysine content higher than average, characterized by plump seeds, a method was developed based on root‐growth inhibition of seeds growing on a medium containing aminoethylcysteine (AEC), a lysine analogue. By using a collection of sorghum mutants and ecotypes a correlation coefficient of 0.926 between root length and lysine content was established. This method, which uses the root length of plants growing on aec to indicate which lines have a potential elevated lysine content, can be applied for the screening of sorghum germplasm. Since this is a non‐destructive method it can also be used at the individual seed level, for example for screening progenies of regenerated plants from in vitro culture to exploit the somaclonal variation.
Meiosis and Pollen Viability in Helianthus tuberosus L. and its Hybrids with Cultivated Sunflower
Authors: Atlagić Jovanka , Dozet B. , ŠKorić D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe hexaploid species of Helianthus tuberosus is a potential source of resistance to several sunflower pathogens. But crossed with cultivated sunflower, it produces F, hybrids which have low values of fertility or even full sterility.Pollen viability and meiotic features were studied in 17 populations of the species H. tuberosus and in F1 hybrids. Significant differences in pollen viability existed between populations (47.1–98.8%). In the 15 FI hybrids, plant fertility ranged from 0 to 100 per combination, while pollen viability ranged from 12.4 to 57.1.Meiosis was almost normal in the analyzed species, and irregular in the F, hybrids. The highest percentage of meiocytes was with bivalents (85.9), but univalents (0.3) and multivalents (13.8) occurred as well. In metaphase and anaphase, the percentage of meiocytes with fast and lagging chromosomes was high. In anaphase, chromosome bridges were detected in 9.9 of the meiocytes.
A Rapid Test Procedure for Estimating the Amylose Content of Pea Starch *)
Authors: Haase N. U. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRapid estimation of the amylose content of pea starch is of particular importance in breeding for pea starches high in amylose. An amylose test for starch in fresh potato tubers was adapted for use with high‐amylose pea flour. Wavelengths for photometric detection were slightly changed, and the iodine concentration could be reduced. Defatting of the flour was not necessary. Reproducibility of the analyses was good (s% <3; n = 95).Variability of amylose content was investigated for different potato, barley and pea varieties. An analysis of the F4‐generation of a crossing experiment with peas underlined the specific suitability of this rapid test method for supporting breeders' activities.
A Comparison of Genetic Segregation in Traditional and Microspore‐Derived Populations of Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.
Authors: Thiagarajah M. R. , Stringam G. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn isolated microspore culture procedure was used to produce doubled haploid lines of Brassica juncea from F1 plants of reciprocal crosses between the cultivar‘RLM514’and a canola quality breeding line. The inheritance of two qualitative markers, seed color and leaf hairiness, was compared using traditional and microspore‐derived populations from these crosses. Chi‐square tests indicated that each trait is controlled by different sets of duplicate pairs of genes. Brown seeds or hairy leaves can result from the presence of either of two dominant alleles, whereas yellow seed or glabrous leaves are produced when alleles at both loci are recessive. The segregation of genes controlling seed color and leaf hairs in doubled haploid progeny did not differ significantly from that expected under random assortment, indicating that doubled haploids can be used in this species for genetic studies, and probably cultivar development as well.
Rapid Screening for Aluminum Tolerance in Cereals by Use of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Test
Authors: Moustakas M. , Ouzounidou G. , Lannoye R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of aluminum on the photosynthetic apparatus were examined in cereals grown in nutrient solutions (pH 4.5) at two Al levels (0 and 148 μM). The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics results confirmed that the soft wheat ‘BHG’ cultivar has the potential for growth on acid soils while triticale cultivars ‘Niovi’ and ‘Dada’ appeared to be relatively tolerant. The percentage decrease in Fv/Fm of the less tolerant cultivars after Al‐treatment indicated a decrease in the efficiency of the primary photochemistry of PS II, while the decrease in the ratio FV/Fosuggested that exposure of the cultivars ‘Dio’ and ‘Appulo E’ to aluminum caused injury to the thylakoid structure. The percentage fluctuations of the ratio Fv/Fmwere shown to correlate very closely with the assessment of injury as evaluated by the relative top fresh weight. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo could be used to monitor injury caused by “Al‐stress”, and thus they may serve as a rapid screening test for Al tolerance.