bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferrocene and Porphyrin Monolayers on Si(100) Surfaces: Preparation and Effect of Linker Length on Electron Transfer
Authors: Huang Kai , Duclairoir Florence , Pro Tiziana , Buckley Julien , Marchand Gilles , Martinez Eugénie , Marchon Jean‐Claude , De Salvo Barbara , Delapierre Guillaume , Vinet Françoise 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe missing link: Ferrocene and porphyrin monolayers are tethered on silicon surfaces with short (see picture, left) or long (right) linkers. Electron transfer to the silicon substrate is faster for monolayers with a short linker.magnified imageFerrocene and porphyrin derivatives are anchored on Si(100) surfaces through either a short two‐carbon or a long 11‐carbon linker. The two tether lengths are obtained by using two different grafting procedures: a single‐step hydrosilylation is used for the short linker, whereas for the long linker a multistep process involving a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is conducted, which affords ferrocene‐triazole‐(CH2)11‐Si or Zn(porphyrin)‐triazole‐(CH2)11‐Si links to the surface. The modified surfaces are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that the redox activity of the tethered ferrocene or porphyrin is maintained for both linker types. Microelectrode capacitor devices incorporating these modified Si(100) surfaces are designed, and their capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G–V) profiles are investigated. Capacitance and conductance peaks are observed, which indicates efficient charge transfer between the redox‐active monolayers and the electrode surface. Slower electron transfer between the ferrocene or porphyrin monolayer and the electrode surface is observed for the longer linker, which suggests that by adjusting the linker length, the electrical properties of the device, such as charging and discharging kinetics and retention time, could be tuned.
Diagnostic value of endometrium associated with papillary metaplastic changes in endometrial cytopathology
Authors: Shimizu Keiko , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Sakurai Masami , Ogura Seiko , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Sakurai Takaki , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Miyake Yasuyuki , Aratake Yatsuki , Sakaguchi Takuya , Ohno Eiji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPapillary metaplastic changes especially occur in both non‐neoplastic and neoplastic endometrium. We tried to investigate to assess the relationship between endometrial cytologic diagnosis and papillary metaplasia. The material consists of 160 cases of cytologic smears obtained by direct sampling of the endometrial cavity comprising 54 cases of normal proliferative endometrium (NPE), 36 cases of glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD), and 70 cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH). As for the correlation between the appearance of papillary metaplasia and cytological diagnosis, a statistical significance test was performed. The material consists of 40 cases of cytologic smears examined by direct sampling of the endometrial cavity comprising 10 cases of EGBD with papillary metaplasia, 10 cases of G1 without pappilary metaplasia, 10 cases of NPE without papillary metaplasia, and 10 cases of EH without papillary metaplasia. Using the comparison between appearance of papillary metaplasia and cytological diagnosis, a significant difference was only seen in the rate of correct diagnoses in EGBD cases. The nuclear area of papillary metaplastic cells in EGBD was 888.8, G1 was 928.7, NPE was 682.0, and EH was 722.2. Significant difference was observed between ECC cells in EGBD to NPE, between papillary metaplastic cells in EGBD to EH, between G1 to NPE, or between G1 to EH.This study provides new and important information on the correlation between endometrial cytological diagnosis and papillary metaplastic changes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila cdk5 is needed for locomotive behavior and NMJ elaboration, but seems dispensable for synaptic transmission
Authors: Kissler Alexander E. , Pettersson Nina , Frölich Andreas , Sigrist Stephan J. , Suter Beat 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) functions in postmitotic neuronal cells and play roles in cell differentiation, cell migration, axonal guidance, and synaptic function. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila cdk5 is dispensable for adult viability and fertility, a feature that allows us to study its physiological function in the whole animal model. For the adult, cdk5 is needed for proper locomotion and flight performance. Larvae lacking cdk5 in the presynaptic tissue display abnormal crawling motion, and their neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) are elongated and contain a higher number of boutons that are smaller. As a result of these two counteracting effects, the total synaptic area/NMJ is similar to wild type, leading to normal synaptic transmission, indicating that a compensatory mechanism is capable of correcting the problem caused by the lack of cdk5. futsch, the Drosophila MAP1B homolog, is also involved in NMJ morphogenesis, and analysis of the NMJ phenotype of the double mutant futschK68; cdk5− indicates that cdk5 is epistatic to futsch in this process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
GFP‐p65 knock‐in mice as a tool to study NF‐κB dynamics in vivo
Authors: De Lorenzi Rossana , Gareus Ralph , Fengler Sven , Pasparakis Manolis 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway regulates immune and inflammatory responses and is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. The principal mechanism controlling NF‐κB activation depends on the association of NF‐κB transcription factor dimers with IκB molecules, which prevents the accumulation of NF‐κB in the nucleus and the activation of target gene transcription. Monitoring the nucleocytoplalsmic shuttling of NF‐κB factors is a reliable method to study the dynamic regulation of NF‐κB activity. Here, we generated knock‐in mice expressing a fusion protein between the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the p65/RelA NF‐κB subunit (GFP‐p65) from the endogenous p65 genomic locus. Homozygous GFP‐p65 mice developed normally and showed normal NF‐κB activation, demonstrating that the GFP‐p65 fusion protein functionally substitutes for wild‐type p65. Live imaging of primary cells from GFP‐p65 mice allowed real‐time monitoring of p65 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling upon NF‐κB activation. Therefore, the GFP‐p65 knock‐in mice constitute an invaluable tool for studying the dynamic regulation of NF‐κB. genesis 47:323–329, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL7‐hCD25 and IL7‐Cre BAC transgenic mouse lines: New tools for analysis of IL‐7 expressing cells
Authors: Repass John F. , Laurent Micheline N. , Carter Carla , Reizis Boris , Bedford Mark T. , Cardenas Kim , Narang Priyanka , Coles Mark , Richie Ellen R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIL‐7 is a cytokine that is required for T‐cell development and homeostasis as well as for lymph node organogenesis. Despite the importance of IL‐7 in the immune system and its potential therapeutic relevance, questions remain regarding the sites of IL‐7 synthesis, specific cell types involved and molecular mechanisms regulating IL‐7 expression. To address these issues, we generated two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse lines in which IL‐7 regulatory elements drive expression of either Cre recombinase or a human CD25 (hCD25) cell surface reporter molecule. Expression of the IL‐7.hCD25 BAC transgene, detected by reactivity with anti‐hCD25 antibody, mimicked endogenous IL‐7 expression. Fetal and adult tissues from crosses between IL‐7.Cre transgenic mice and Rosa26R or R26‐EYFP reporters demonstrated X‐gal or YFP staining in tissues known to express endogenous IL‐7 at some stage during development. These transgenic lines provide novel genetic tools to identify IL‐7 producing cells in various tissues and to manipulate gene expression selectively in IL‐7 expressing cells. genesis 47:281–287, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlling Selectivity for Cycloadditions of Nitrones and Alkenes Tethered by Benzimidazoles: Combining Experiment and Theory
Authors: Meng Liping , Wang Selina C. , Fettinger James C. , Kurth Mark J. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHerein we describe a combined experimental/theoretical study on the effects of substituents on regio‐ and stereoselectivity in intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of nitrones and alkenes tethered by benzimidazoles. By employing a large substituent at position R2 or R3, complete selectivity was achieved for either the fused or bridged cycloadduct, respectively. In addition, these cycloadducts were formed as single diastereomers in all of the cycloadditions examined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stress affects carers before patient's first visit to a memory clinic
Authors: Rosness Tor Atle , Ulstein Ingun , Engedal Knut 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo measure and compare the burden on spousal carers of patients with and without dementia who were consulting a memory clinic for the first time.MethodsWe included 413 dyads of patients and their spousal carers consulting a memory clinic for the first time. Of them 276 had a diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) and 137 had a dementia diagnosis. The burden of care was measured with the Relative Stress Scale (RSS). The gender of patients and their spouses was recorded and measures of cognition, depression and functional capacity of the patients were included in the analysis.ResultsOf all carers, 27.6% had a score on the RSS of above 23, indicating a moderate to severe burden. The corresponding score for carers of patients with CIND was 20.3%, compared to 42.2% for those with dementia. However, in a linear regression analysis with RSS as the dependent variable, the dementia diagnosis variable was not significant. Three variables were significant (p < 0.05) and has explained 34% of the variance of the score on the RSS, impaired function in activities of daily living (ADL) was the most important variable (β 0.56), followed by female gender of carers (β 0.19) and the extent of the symptoms of depression observed in the patients (β 0.10).ConclusionCarers of both CIND and dementia patients when attending a memory clinic for initial diagnostic assessment experience high levels of stress. Impaired function in ADL in patients is the strongest predictor of this stress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of an arteriovenous fistula with two nidus between the inferior alveolar artery and the external jugular vein
Authors: Buiret Guillaume , Feugier Patrick , Plouin‐Gaudon Isabelle , Disant François , Faure Frédéric 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground.Cervical arteriovenous fistulas are rare forms of head and neck tumors.Methods.We describe the case of a patient with an extensive fistula between the right inferior alveolar artery and the external jugular vein. The disorder had been diagnosed 30 years earlier and the patient had been followed clinically and radiologically ever since. The patient developed progressive cardiac failure and surgery was required when arteriovenous fistula expansion was found after 2 failed attempts at embolization.Results.During resection of the arteriovenous fistula, a second nidus in contact with the mandible was discovered, which excision led to severe hemorrhage and mandibulectomy was performed to obtain hemostasis.Discussion.This rare case was a true surgical challenge because the patient's life was at stake. In such difficult cases, preoperative assessment is essential because of the risk of major bleeding. Finally, CT angiogram reconstructions are undeniably helpful in elaborating the surgical treatment plan. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Influence of age and primary tumor size on the risk for residual/recurrent well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Orlov Steven , Orlov David , Shaytzag Michael , Dowar Mark , Tabatabaie Vafa , Dwek Philip , Yip Jonathan , Hu Cindy , Freeman Jeremy L. , Walfish Paul G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground.Though age and primary tumor size predict cancer‐specific survival in well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC), their influence on residual/recurrent disease has not been elucidated.Methods.In a retrospective study, residual/recurrent disease was defined by the surrogate outcome of positive (≥2 μg/L) follow‐up stimulated thyroglobulin after surgery and radioactive remnant ablation. Age, primary tumor size, and clinical staging systems were examined in the context of stimulated thyroglobulin outcome.Results.A total of 246 patients were followed up for a mean of 5.8 years. No significant difference in age (t(239) = 0.61, p > .05) or tumor size (t(237) = 0.16, p > .05) was found among patients with positive follow‐up stimulated thyroglobulin compared with those with negative results. pTNM staging failed to demonstrate significant, stage‐dependent increase in the percentage of patients with positive stimulated thyroglobulin, χ2(2, N = 229) = 0.17, p > .05, unlike staging based solely on surgical pathology, χ2(2, N = 241) = 34.97, p < .001.Conclusion.Age, primary tumor size, and pTNM staging do not predict risk for residual/recurrent WDTC, whereas extrathyroidal extension at initial surgery is predictive. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Clinical impact of short tau inversion recovery MRI on staging and management in patients with cervical lymph node metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: de Bondt Bert‐Jan , Stokroos Robert , Casselman Jan W. , van Engelshoven Jos M. A. , Beets‐Tan Regina G. H. , Kessels Fons G. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground.We investigated the incremental diagnostic value of short tau inversion recovery (STIR) MRI to detect cervical nodal metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Methods.Thirty‐six patients with cervical nodal metastases underwent MRI preceding neck dissection. Two readers evaluated MRI versus MRI with STIR. Level‐based analysis was performed: interobserver agreements (kappa) for detecting normal and metastatic lymph nodes; sensitivities and specificities for detecting at least 1 metastatic lymph node per level; linear regression analysis to determine performances of MRI with STIR in detecting correct numbers of normal and metastatic lymph nodes. Histopathology was the reference standard.Results.One hundred eighty neck levels were evaluated. MRI with STIR showed better kappas for metastatic and normal lymph nodes, was more accurate to estimate numbers of metastatic and normal lymph nodes, and showed improvement of sensitivities and specificities.Conclusion.Incorporation of STIR into the conventional MR protocol significantly improves the detection of cervical lymph node metastases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Thermal transport modelling in a fully integrated surface/subsurface framework
Authors: Brookfield A. E. , Sudicky E. A. , Park Y.‐J. , Conant B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThermal stream loadings from both natural and anthropogenic sources have significant relevance with respect to ecosystem health and water resources management, particularly in the context of future climate change. In recent years, there has been an increase in field‐based research directed towards characterizing thermal energy transport exchange processes that occur at the surface water/groundwater interface of streams. In spite of this effort, relatively little work has been performed to simulate these exchanges and elucidate their roles in mediating surface water temperatures and to simultaneously take into account all the pertinent hydrological, meteorological and surface/variably‐saturated subsurface processes. To address this issue, HydroGeoSphere, a fully‐integrated surface/subsurface flow and transport model, was enhanced to include fully integrated thermal energy transport. HydroGeoSphere can simulate water flow, evapotranspiration, and advective‐dispersive heat and solute transport over the 2D land surface and water flow and heat and solute transport in the 3D subsurface under variably saturated conditions. In this work, the new thermal capabilities of HydroGeoSphere are tested and verified by comparing HydroGeoSphere simulation results to those from a previous subsurface thermal groundwater injection study and also by simulating an example of atmospheric thermal energy exchange. High‐resolution 3D numerical simulations of a well‐characterized reach of the Pine River in Ontario, Canada are also presented to demonstrate thermal energy transport in an atmosphere–groundwater–surface water system. The HydroGeoSphere simulation successfully matched the spatial variations in the thermal patterns observed in the riverbed, the surface water and the groundwater. The computational framework can be used to provide quantitative guidance towards establishing the conditions needed to maintain a healthy ecosystem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fusion protein of adenovirus E4orf4 and human epidermal growth factor inhibits tumor cell growth
Authors: Zhou Yu , Chen Hong , Ma Xiao‐Li , Xie Hai‐Jun , Wang Cun‐Lin , Zhang Sheng‐Hua , Wang Xin , Huang Bing‐Ren 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAdenovirus early region 4 open reading frame 4 (E4orf4) protein is a novel cell death factor that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This study evaluated tumor inhibitory effects of a protein made by fusion E4orf4 and human epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF was used to ensure the selective targeting of EGF receptor (EGFR)‐overexpressing tumor cells. Results showed that EGF‐E4orf4 stimulated EGFR phosphorylation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Confocal microscopy analysis showed both EGF‐E4orf4 and EGF could be internalized via EGFR but they had different intercellular trafficking pathways. In vitro study showed that EGF‐E4orf4 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BGC823 and in vivo study showed EGF‐E4orf4 suppressed tumor growth in a dose‐dependent fashion with an inhibition rate of 79% for MDA‐MB‐231 and 49% for BGC 823 (p < 0.05). No toxic effects were observed in the nude mice with a dose as high as 10 mg/kg of EGF‐E4orf4. These results indicated that EGF‐E4orf4 could be a potential drug for cancer therapy. © 2009 UICC
A study on sequence variations in pre‐S/surface, X and enhancer II/core promoter/precore regions of occult hepatitis B virus in non‐B, non‐C hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hung , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Tung Wei‐Chih , Hung Chao‐Hung , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Wang Jing‐Houng , Wang Jyh‐Chwan , Lu Sheng‐Nan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was to investigate the clinical significance and virologic factors of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or anti‐hepatitis C virus (non‐B, non‐C) in Taiwan. Serum HBV DNA (occult HBV) was detected in 90 of 222 non‐B, non‐C HCC patients and 24 of 300 non‐B, non‐C controls without HCC. Of 90 occult HBV‐infected HCC patients, the sequences of HBV pre‐S/surface, X and enhancer II/core promoter/precore genes were analyzed from 40 patients. Direct sequencing of such genes was also performed in 24 non‐B, non‐C controls without HCC and 40 HBsAg‐positive HCC controls. Compared with non‐B, non‐C controls without HCC, non‐B, non‐C subjects with HCC had significantly higher prevalence of occult HBV (p < 0.0001). Moreover, M1I and Q2K in pre‐S2 gene and G1721A were more common in occult HBV‐infected patients with HCC than in those without HCC. Compared with the HBsAg‐positive HCC controls, occult HBV‐infected HCC patients had higher frequencies of M1I and Q2K in pre‐S2 gene, G185R and S210N in surface gene, A36T and A44L in X gene, and G1721A in enhancer II gene, and had lower rates of pre‐S deletions and A1762T/G1764A, A1846T, G1896A and G1899A in core promoter/precore genes. Multivariate analysis showed Q2K in pre‐S2 gene, G1721A and A1846T were independent factors for occult HBV‐infected HCC. Our study suggested that the virological factors of HBV related to HCC were different between occult HBV‐infected and HBsAg‐positive patients. The G1721A, M1I and Q2K in pre‐S2 gene may be useful viral markers for HCC in occult HBV carriers. © 2009 UICC
Influence of lead acetate on glutathione and its related enzymes in different regions of rat brain
Authors: Bokara Kiran Kumar , Blaylock Iesha , Denise Stacy Brown , Bettaiya Rajanna , Rajanna Sharada , Yallapragada Prabhakara Rao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study is intended to determine the effect of lead acetate on glutathione and its associated enzymes of rat brain. Wistar male rats were treated with lead acetate (500 ppm) through drinking water for a period of 8 weeks and parallel controls were maintained. They were sacrificed at the first, fourth and eighth week to isolate whole brains, which were separated into cerebellum, hippocampus, frontal cortex and brain stem. The data indicate enhanced (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (G‐Px) activity at most of the intervals for cerebellum, frontal cortex and brain stem, suggesting conversion of GSH to GSSG, while the hippocampus showed decreased levels. In contrast, glutathione reductase (GR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in cerebellum, frontal cortex and brain stem at all intervals except the fourth week in frontal cortex and brain stem. Hippocampus exhibited a gradual and significant (P < 0.05) increase in GR activity. Glutathione‐S‐transferase (GSTase) activity increased with exposure time in all four brain tissues, showing protection against lead acetate toxicity. The GSH and GSSG levels correlated well with the activities of GPx, GR and GSTase in all four regions of the brain. Overall the results indicate that lead acetate affects glutathione‐related enzymes differentially and these changes can be attributed to differences in tissue susceptibility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force field for copper clusters and nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Chenggang , Wu Jinping , Chen Liang , Wang Yang , Cheng Hansong , Forrey Robert C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn atomic force field for simulating copper clusters and nanoparticles is developed. More than 2000 cluster configurations of varying size and shape are used to constrain the parametrization of the copper force field. Binding energies for these training clusters were computed using density functional theory. Extensive testing shows that the copper force field is fast and reliable for near‐equilibrium structures of clusters, ranging from only a few atoms to large nanoparticles that approach bulk structure. Nonequilibrium dissociation and compression structures that are included in the training set are also well described by the force field. Implications for molecular dynamics simulations and extensions to other metallic and covalent systems are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Prenatal diagnosis of lissencephaly: A case report
Authors: Aslan Halil , Gungorduk Kemal , Yıldırım Doğukan , Aslan Oğuz , Yıldırım Gokhan , Ceylan Yavuz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe the abnormal sonographic findings in the brain of a 26‐week fetus, which increased the suspicion of isolated lissencephaly. Follow‐up ultrasound examination and MRI depicted diffuse cortical agyria, microcephaly, hypotelorism, and proptosis. Cordocentesis showed a normal 46,XY karyotype, and no short arm deletion of chromosome 17 was detectable. Postmortem examination confirmed complete agyria of the whole fetal brain. Early detection of fetal microcephaly and other cranial abnormalities can be a sign of isolated lissencephaly and need to be evaluated carefully with ultrasound and MRI for detection of abnormal cortical development of the fetal brain. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009