bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Alkaline Earth Metals with TTA (2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone)
Authors: Akaza Ikuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The liquid-liquid extraction of alkaline earth metals was investigated with a TTA-MIBK solvent and a NH4OAc-AcOH-NH4OH aqueous solution in the presence of relatively large amounts of the metals. The extractability of the metal ions was in the decreasing order of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, while their distribution ratios were too close to one another for them to be separated from each other. Critical studies were made on several factors affecting the distribution of each metal, such as the amount of metal in the aqueous solution, the concentration of TTA in the organic solvent, and the pH of the solution. It was noticed that the concentration of TTA in MIBK played a principal role in this extraction and that the logD-log(TTA) relation was shown as a curve, not a straight line. The relation in other similar cases had usually been shown as a straight line, but the new results were obtained by compensating pH-change, the extent of which was variable with the concentration of TTA in the system. Among the metal ions, calcium and magnesium could be separated from each other by carrying out the extraction from their solution in the presence of EDTA. A further extention of this extraction to a reversed-phase partition chromatography will be undertaken and reported on in another paper.
ON THE OXIDATION OF FERROUS HYDROXIDE BY AIR.—SUPPLEMENT
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) An interpretation on the real meaning of the observed oxidation velocity of ferrous hydroxide under the conditions of the author’s experiments was given to prevent misunderstanding of the author’s papers.
(2) The reason, why the experimental conditions, under which the author’s measurements were carried out, were adopted, was described.
(3) It was discussed that the oxidation velocity of ferrous hydroxide, observed by A. Krause under quite different conditions, will have quite a different meaning as that, observed by the author. The difference of the real meaning of the observed reaction velocity, caused by the difference of the experimental conditions, will explain why the effect of temperature, which was negligible under the author’s conditions, was found by A. Krause to be very great.
THE RADIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF HOKUTOLITES AND OTHER MINERALS IN JAPAN
Authors: Yoshimura Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As to the uranium in hokutolite, there is no analytical evidence, hitherto, of its presence in this mineral, and it is thought quite useless to calculate it from the amount of radium, as the mineral is obviously of the secondary nature.
The radium- and thorium-contents of the two kinds of hakutoutes mentioned above are respectively of the same order and quite similar. The comparatively large content of radium, however, in comparison with the poorer content of thorium shows that the radioactivity of this mineral is mainly ascribed to radium and its disintegrating products and very little to the members of thorium-series.
It is seen that the allanite from Shirakawa, Kyoto Prefecture contains 1.05% Th O2 and 0.017% U3O8.
The uranium-content of the xenotime-portion of the xenotime-zircon from Ishikawa was determined to be 2.42% U3O8. According to K. Kimura(1), the average amount of uranium in the “ Kikukwa-seki” is said as being 1.92% U O2. These results indicate that the amount of uranium in the zircon-portion of the latter mineral is probably less than that in the xeno-time portion.
In conclusion, the author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Dr. S. Iimori for his kind direction during the course of this experiment.
Polarography of Lead-Arginine Hydrochloride Complexes
Authors: Lai Tsai-Teh , Chen Mon-Chao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complexation of lead ion with arginine hydrochloride has been studied polarographically at 30°C. Four kinds of complex species, PbCl+, Pb(H2Arg)Cl2+, Pb(H2Arg)(OH)2+ and Pb(H2Arg)2(OH)3+ (where H2Arg denotes the arginine univalent cation) were confirmed in various pH range, respectively. The logarithmic dissociation constant of Pb(H2Arg)2(OH)3+ was found to be 10.33±0.03 at ionic strength 0.9.
Tropylation of Azulene, 1-Oxaazulan-2-one, and Their Derivatives, and Electrophilic Reactions of the Tropylazulene Derivatives
Authors: Nozoe Tetsuo , Toda Takashi , Asao Toyonobu , Yamanouchi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The tropylation of azulene, oxaazulan-2-one, and their derivatives was investigated, and various 1 and/or 3-tropylazulenes and 3-tropyloxaazulan-2-ones were obtained. The NMR, UV, and visible spectra of these tropylazulenes were then discussed. Some electrophilic reactions, such as azo-coupling and the acid treatment of four kinds of tropylazulenes, were studied, and it was found that exchanges of the tropyl group and the attacking electrophilies occurred.
Studies on Heteroaromaticity. XXI. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of N-Phenyl-C-(6-uracilyl)nitrone
Authors: Sasaki Tadashi , Ando Moriyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Phenyl-C-(6-uracilyl)nitrone (II) was prepared in 80% yield from orotaldehyde (I) and phenylhydroxylamine. II underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with several ethylenic and acetylenic compounds to afford the corresponding isoxazolidines (IIIa—f) and isoxazolines (IVg—i). Similar reactions of II with phenyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide and with enamine were carried out successfully. The structural elucidation of these products was done on the basis of their NMR spectra.
The Reaction Products of the Hydroformylation of Acrolein Acetals and Acetates
Authors: Maeda Itsutoshi , Yoshida Ryonosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hydroformylation reactions of acrolein acetals and acetates were carried out in order to discuss the side reactions and any subsequent reactions. Acrolein cyclic acetals reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyst to give n- and iso-aldehydes in a 2:1 ratio; they gave no further reaction products. Acrolein diethylacetal underwent hydroformylation using a rhodium catalyst to give n- and iso-aldehydes in a 1:2 ratio. In the presence of a cobalt catalyst, however, various products were obtained. As a result of the acidity of cobalt hydrocarbonyl and a high reaction temperature, n-aldehyde, first formed in benzene, underwent change to 2,5-diethoxytetrahydrofuran and 1,1,4-triethoxybutane. In ethanol, n- and iso-aldehydes gave the corresponding acetals. In the hydroformylation of acrolein acetate, only n-aldehyde was obtained. Iso-aldehyde seemed to be converted into 2-methyl-3-acetoxyacrolein by deacetylation. In ethanol, besides n-acetal, iso-acetal and propionaldehyde acetate, 2,5-diethoxytetrahydrofuran and 2-methyl-3-ethoxyacrolein were recognized. The former seemed to be formed from n-aldehyde by ring closure and ethanolysis. The latter seemed to be formed by the ethanolysis of 2-methyl-3-acetoxyacrolein. In ethyl orthoformate, no side reaction was observed and the yield of the main product, 1,1-diacetoxy-4,4-diethoxybutane, amounted to 80%.
The Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of 2-Aminotropone and Its N-Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Nozoe Tetsuo , Ryu Shoji , Toda Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrophilic substitution reactions of 2-aminotropone (I), 2-methylaminotropone (II), and 2-dimethylaminotropone (III) were investigated. The structure of the products was proved by hydrolysis to lead to known tropolone derivatives. By the nitrosation of II, N-nitroso-2-methylaminotropone was obtained in a good yield; this compound is a new type of active troponoid compound. The substitution reactions of III gave tropolone derivatives, accompanied by the hydrolysis of the dimethylamino group. The mechanism of the hydrolysis is then discussed.
Electrolytic Reduction of Naphthalene in Various Alcohol-Hexamethylphosphoramide Systems
Authors: Asahara Teruzo , Sen\={o} Manabu , Kaneko Hideaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrolytic reduction of naphthalene was carried out in various alcohol-hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) systems in the presence of lithium chloride. The reduction of naphthalene proceeds effectively at relatively low cathode potentials in the presence of HMPA; the composition of the products varies with the changes in the reduction potential, the kind of alcohols, and the concentration of HMPA. The dark blue color is observed at the cathode during the electrolysis in HMPA solutions in either the presence or the absence of ethanol. It is suggested that the color reflects the generation of solvated electrons, and that reduction of naphthalene is caused not through a direct electron-transfer from the cathode, but through a reaction with solvated electrons as the reductive agent.
Reactions of Vinyloxyboranes. A Convenient Method for the Preparation of β-Hydroxy Thiolesters, Esters and Ketones
Authors: Inomata Katsuhiko , Muraki Masayoshi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that the reaction of thioboronites with carbonyl compounds and ketene proceeds with the initial formation of vinyloxyboranes (VII). The boranes were found to be important intermediates for the formation of β-hydroxythiolesters by the reaction with various carbonyl compounds. Vinyloxyborane derivatives can be alternatively prepared by the reactions of trialkylboranes and α-diazocarbonyl compounds. The boranes similarly reacted with carbonyl compounds to give β-hydroxyketones and β-hydroxyesters.
Studies of the Synthetic Model Enzyme. The Synthesis of Cyclo(His–Glu–Cys-d-Phe–Gly)2 as the Esterase Model
Authors: Nakajima Kiichiro , Okawa Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To study the mechanism of enzyme action, cyclo(His–Glu–Cys-d-Phe–Gly)2 was prepared as an esterase model from the corresponding linear decapeptide by the azide methods. The esterase-like activity of this cyclic decapeptide in reaction to p-nitrophenyl acetate was three times greater than that of the linear decapeptide, the curve of the catalytic coefficient versus the different pH is of a bell type, and the optimum pH was recorded at about 7.6. The kinetics of the hydrolysis obeyed Michaelis-Menten’s typical equation.
Studies on 3,5-pyrazolidinediones. IV. Addition of 4-Arylazo-3,5-pyrazolidinediones to Ethyl Acrylate
Authors: Elnagdi Mohamed Helmi , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Arylazo-3,5-pyrazolidinediones (I) react with ethyl acrylate to yield the corresponding 1-β-ethoxycarbonylethyl derivatives (III), which were readily hydrolyzed into the acids IV. Compounds III and IV were found to react with acrylonitrile to yield the corresponding 1-substituted 2-β-cyanoethyl derivatives V and VI respectively. Whereas III and IV were recovered unchanged upon treatment with aniline or piperidine, the arylazomalonic acid dihydrazide (IX) were formed upon treatment of III or IV with hydrazine hydrate. 2-p-Chlorophenylazotetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,3,7-trione (XI) has been prepared by the action of phosphorus oxychloride on IVb. 3-Amino-4-phenylazo-2-pyrazolin-5-one (II) react with ethyl acrylate to yield the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative XII.
Equilibrium Composition of 1-Butanol–Water–Alkali Hydroxide System and Distribution of the Base
Authors: Yui Norio , Kurokawa Y\={o}ichi , Sakuraba Isozi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Equilibrium compositions of 1-butanol–water–MOH systems were studied at 25 °C, where MOH represents LiOH, NaOH, and KOH. Water and 1-butanol were determined by means of gas chromatography and the bases by titration. Apparent distribution ratio Kobs (molality of MOH in the aqueous phase/molality of MOH in the 1-butanol phase) was dependent on the concentration of base. A considerable amount of water was transferred from 1-butanol to the aqueous phase giving rise to an increase of base concentration. This suggests that the variation of Kobs depends principally on the variation of solvent composition. Kobs was expressed semi-empirically, considering the activity coefficients calculated by Miller’s equation and also the change in the standard free energy resulting from the variation in solvent composition. Decrease of 1-butanol in the aqueous phase with the base concentration obeyed the salting-out equation. The calculated salting-out coefficients were: LiOH 0.176, NaOH 0.192, and KOH 0.184. These values are correlated to Gurney’s unitary entropy. The results were compared with those previously obtained for alkali halides.
An Interstitial-Electron Model for the Structure of Metals and Alloys. VI. Interpretation of Superconductivity
Authors: Johnson Oliver 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A physical interpretation of the superconducting state based on the interstitial-electron model for metals is given within the framework of the BCS theory. The following conditions for itinerant electrons (\bare) and metal ion cores (Mn+) are postulated as necessary for superconductivity: (1) There must be a matching of \bare energies (velocity) and binding strength of Mn+ so \bare initiation of a lattice vibration is possible. (2) Movement of \bare and Mn+ must be synchronized so there is enhancement of \bare-phonon coupling. (3) There must be \bare of one spin available to enter such \bare-phonon “chains”. The model leads to \bare of opposite spin in phonon chains 500–5000 Å apart. It gives physical interpretations of the thermodynamic properties of superconductors and clearly shows that type of lattice influences superconductivity. It shows the basis for the new correlation observed between superconductivity and a positive Hall Coefficient. Since the model can incorporate the presence of anions as well as \bare, it provides a related explanation for superconductivity in non-metals.
The Photoconductivity of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole). I. The Photoconductivity in a Surface-type Cell
Authors: Okamoto Kenichi , Kusabayashi Shigekazu , Mikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoconductivity of poly-N-vinylcarbazole in a surface-type cell was measured both in a high vacuum and in the air. Fresh films showed a large photocurrent in the lower π-π* absorption region and a small photocurrent in the visible region. The threshold of the photocurrent was found at about 600 mμ. By heat treatment or by pre-irradiation with UV-light or γ-ray, the photocurrent increased throughout the spectral region and its threshold shifted to a longer wavelength. Both the dark current and the photocurrent in the visible and the near IR regions must be due to the thermal or optical reexcitation of the trapped carriers. The activation energies of the dark current (0.4–1.3 eV) and the photocurrent (0.06–1.0 eV) differ according to the temperature range, the light wavelength, and the film history (whether fresh film or one of various pre-treated films). The activation energies are needed for carrier migration and can be explained by the “trapping conduction mechanism”.
The Structure and Reactivity of Nickel Hydroxide
Authors: Sakashita Masao , Sato Norio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper examines the correlation between the structure and the reactivity of nickel hydroxide, using X-ray diffraction, DTA, IR spectroscopy, and gravimetry during dehydration. The degree of crystallization of β-nickel hydroxide depends on the preparation conditions of the hydroxide. Highly-crystallized β-nickel hydroxide has “free” hydroxyl groups, as is to be expected from its brucite structure. Poorly-crystallized β-hydroxide, however, has “hydrogen-bonded” hydroxyl groups, this finding is in disagreement with a previous result that “hydrogen-bonded” hydroxyl groups were found to exist only in α-form nickel hydroxide. The dehydration of the hydroxide is shown to take place in first-order kinetics with an activation energy which increases as the crystallization extends.
Crystal Structure of the Potassium Salt of Chloranil
Authors: Konno Michiko , Kobayashi Hayao , Marumo Fumiyuki , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of K+(chloranil)− have been studied by X-ray diffraction. Several polymorphs were recognized, two of which (α- and β-forms) grew into comparatively good crystals. The α-form is orthorhombic, space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions: a=13.49, b=17.02, c=4.03 Å. The β-form is orthorhombic, space group P2212 with unit cell dimensions: a=14.13, b=17.35, c=3.71 Å. The structure of the α-form was deduced from the Patterson synthesis and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method. The final R value was 0.13 for 146 observed reflections. Chloranil anions are stacked with equal intervals in the crystal, forming columns parallel to the c axis, the interplanar spacing being 3.47 Å. The electrostatic energy calculated by Evjen’s method was about −148 kcal/mol, indicating that the structure is essentially ionic.
The X-Ray Emission Spectra of the Compounds of Third-period Elements. VI. The Relationship between the Kα and Kβ Spectra
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Data on the Kβ spectra for several compounds of silicon, aluminum, and sulfur are shown. The intensity of the Kβ′ line is affected not by the kinds of thrid-period atoms, but by their charges and by the kinds of ligand atoms. The degree of the contribution of each bonding group to the relative intensity of the Kβ′ line and to the chemical shift of the Kα1,2 lines are shown; they have additivity in the molecule. Therefore, the chemical shift of the Kα1,2 lines can be estimated from the molecular structural formula; the charge of the atom can also be estimated.
Ionic Equilibria in Mixed Solvents. VIII. Solvent Effects on the Dissociation of Diprotic Acids in Aqueous Methanol Mixtures
Authors: Ohtaki Hitoshi , Maeda Masunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dissociation constants of protonated 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, and 1,12-dodecanediamine in aqueous mixtures of 0 to 90% (w/w) methanol were determined potentiometrically at 25°C, 0.1 M sodium chloride being used as an ionic medium. Values of pK2–pK1 of diamines were practically independent of the solvent composition in contrast to those of dicarboxylic acids, which increase monotonously with methanol concentration. Variations of pK1, pK2, and pK2–pK1 of diamines with solvent composition were discussed in comparison with those of dicarboxylic acids.
The Emission Spectra of Hexamminechromium(III) Hexacyanocobaltate(III), [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Spin-forbidden absorption bands of K3[Co(CN)6] were reexamined employing conventional transmission spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and microspectrophotometry. A small but very distinct shoulder (ε≈0.3–0.4) obtained at a low temperature at 26000 cm−1 was assigned to the 3T1g←1A1g transition. Another very small band (ε≈0.001) at 16300 cm−1 was probably due to an impurity. The emission spectra of K3[Co(CN)6] powder in the temperature range from room temperature to that of liquid hydrogen were observed by means of a modified Hitachi 203 fluorescence spectrophotometer. The broad emission band at room temperature showed some vibrational structures at low temperatures. The emission spectra of powders of [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3 and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] were also measured. The following results were obtained: i) Similar emission spectra, which seemed to originate from [Cr(NH3)6]3+, were observed with both complexes [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3 and [Cr-(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] using mercury lines at 313, 365, and 435 nm for excitation, ii) With 254 nm excitation, such emission spectra as i) were not observed with [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3, but the same emission spectra as in i) were observed with [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]. iii) The ratio of the emission intensities at 15000 cm−1 with 435 and 313 nm excitations was 1:0.25–0.30 for [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3, but it was 1:1.5–1.7 for [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]. From these results, it was presumed that, in [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6], there occurred an energy transfer from the complex anion to the complex cation. Furthermore, emission spectra were observed with [Cr(NH3)6](ClO4)3 and the equimolar mixture of complex salts [Cr(NH3)6](ClO4)3–K3[Co(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3–K3[Co(CN)6] for the purpose of confirming the energy transfer in [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]. The temperature dependence of the emission intensity was also discussed.
Phase Equilibria in the V2O3–VO2 System at High Temperatures
Authors: Endo Hozumi , Wakihara Masataka , Taniguchi Masao , Katsura Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase equilibria in the V2O3–VO2 system were established at 1307 K by varying the oxygen partial pressures from 10−4 to 10−12 atm. Eight phases, V2O3, V3O5, V4O7, V5O9, V6O11, V7O13, V8O15, and VO2, were observed under these experimental conditions. Vanadium sesquioxide has an extensive range of solid solutions at 1307 K. Also, the phase diagram and isobaric lines of oxygen partial pressure in the V2O3 phase were determined from 1307 to 1700 K on the basis of our present and previous studies. Quenching and thermogravimetric methods were applied under a controlled oxygen atmosphere. The oxygen partial pressures were determined by means of a solid electrolyte cell composed of (ZrO2)0.85(CaO)0.15. The standard free energies of the oxidation of V2O3 to V3O5, of V3O5 to V4O7, of V4O7 to V5O9, of V5O9 to V6O11, of V6O11 to V7O13, of V7O13 to V8O15, and of V8O15 to VO2 were determined on the basis of the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure at 1307 K. The enthalpy and entropy data of the oxidations of V2O3 to V3O5 and of V3O5 to V4O7 were evaluated from the oxygen partial pressures on the basis of the present results and previous data.
Some β-Diketone Chelate Complexes with Uranium(IV), Thorium(IV), and Cerium(IV). Preparation and IR Spectra
Authors: Yoshimura Tetsuhiko , Miyake Chie , Imoto Shosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The tetrakis β-diketonates of U(IV), Th(IV), and Ce(IV) with acetylacetone, trifluoroacetylacetone, hexafluoroacetylacetone, benzoylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, benzoyltrifluoroacetone, and thenoyltrifluoroacetone have been prepared and their infrared spectra measured in the range 4000–200 cm−1. In every chelate, a strong, broad and metal sensitive band related to the M–O stretching mode was found in the 200–250 cm−1 region.
Studies on Mass Spectrometry of Metal Chelates. I. Mass Spectrometry of Oxine Metal Chelates
Authors: Kidani Yoshinori , Naga Shinobu , Koike Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
With a view to applying mass spectrometry to the studies of metal chelates, we investigated the mass spectrometry of divalent metal oxinates (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Pd). The molecular ion I, whose peaks correspond to the metal chelates in a 2: 1 ratio, were observed in every spectrum. A loss of 144 mass units from I, corresponding to one molecule of coordinated oxine, occurred to afford the fragment ions II of metal chelates in a 1: 1 ratio. The peaks of the fragment ions III which lost 28 mass units (CO) from II were observed for Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pd chelates. In order to study the stability of metal chelates against electron impact, special attention was paid to the peaks of I and II, which are supposed to be affected strongly by the d-electron number, electronegativity, ionization potential, and the ionic radius of central metal atoms. The intensity ratios of peaks I to II were obtained in the order Zn&gt;Ni&gt;Pd≈Co&gt;Mn&gt;Cu&gt;Pb. It has been shown that the intensity ratios are related to the charge-radius ratio (e⁄r) of central metal atoms and the stability constants (logk2) of oxine metal chelates.