bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute exercise stimulates macrophage function: possible role of NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Silveira Elza M. S. , Rodrigues Mariana F. , Krause Maurício S. , Vianna Damiana R. , Almeida Bibiana S. , Rossato Juliane S. , Oliveira Lino P. , Curi Rui , de Bittencourt Paulo I. Homem 
Published: August 2006

AbstractModerate physical activity when performed on a regular basis presents a number of benefits to the whole organism, especially regarding immune system function, such as augmenting resistance to infections and to cancer growth. Although glutamine production by active muscle cells as well as neuroendocrine alterations mediated by the chronic adaptation to exercise may play a role, the entire mechanism by which exercise makes the immune system aware of challenges remains mostly uncovered. This is particularly true for the effects of an acute exercise session on immune function. In this work, circulating monocytes/macrophages from sedentary rats submitted to an acute (1 h) swimming session were tested for the ability of phagocytosing zymosan particles, phorbol miristate acetate (PMA)‐induced hydrogen peroxide production, nitric oxide (NO) release (assessed by nitrate and nitrite production) and the expression of NO synthases (NOS‐1, NOS‐2 and NOS‐3). The results showed that an exercise bout induced a 2.4‐fold rise in macrophage phagocytic capacity (p = 0.0041), a 9.6‐fold elevation in PMA‐induced hydrogen peroxide release into the incubation media (1‐h, p = 0.0022) and a 95.5%‐augmentation in nitrite basal production (1‐h incubation; p = 0.0220), which was associated with a marked expression of NOS‐2 (the inducible NOS isoform; p = 0.0319), but not in other NOS gene products. Although NOS‐2 expression is nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐dependent, no systemic oxidative stress was found, as inferred from the data of plasma TBARS and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) ratio in circulating blood erythrocytes which remained constant after the acute exercise. Also, no stressful situation seemed to be faced by monocytes/macrophages, since the expression of the 70‐kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) remained unchanged. We conclude that NF‐κB‐dependent induction of NOS‐2 and macrophage activation must be related to local factor(s) produced in the surroundings of monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designed Boronate Ligands for Glucose‐Selective Holographic Sensors
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Lee Mei‐Ching , Sartain Felicity , Pan Xiaohan , Lowe Christopher R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study, 2‐acrylamidophenylboronate (2‐APB) was synthesised and its ability to bind with glucose was investigated both in solution and when integrated into a holographic sensor. Multiple forms of 2‐APB, resulting from the neighbouring effect of the amido group with the boronic acid through an intramolecular BO‐coordinated interaction, were shown to exist in solution by using multinuclear NMR spectrometry. It was found that 2‐APB predominantly adopts a zwitterionic tetrahedral form at physiological pH values. The complex formation of 2‐APB with glucose and lactate was investigated in DMSO; 2‐APB favours binding with glucose rather than lactate and generates a five‐membered‐ring complex. Furthermore, a 2‐APB‐based holographic sensor displayed a significant response to glucose with little interference from lactate, and with no dependence on pH in the physiological pH range. These features suggest that the new ligand 2‐APB is a potential candidate for the development of glucose‐selective sensors.
A phase II study of gemcitabine and capecitabine in metastatic renal cancer
Authors: Stadler Walter M. , Halabi Susan , Rini Brian , Ernstoff Marc S. , Davila Enrique , Picus Joel , Barrier Robert , Small Eric J. ,   for Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to verify previous reports of activity with gemcitabine plus a fluoropyrimidine in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer in a multiinstitutional setting.METHODSEligibility included a Zubrod performance status from 0 to 2, no prior gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidine therapy, and normal organ function. Patients received gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15 and capecitabine at a dose of 830 mg/m2 twice daily on Days 1 through 21 on a 28‐day cycle with specified dose reductions for baseline renal insufficiency. The primary endpoint was the response rate, which was assessed every 8 weeks. The statistical plan tested the hypothesis that the response rate was 5% versus an alternative of 15%.RESULTSSixty patients were enrolled, and 4 of those patients never started treatment. Of the 56 evaluable patients, 79% of patients underwent prior nephrectomy, 75% of patients received prior systemic therapy, and 75% of patients had clear cell histology. Risk stratification revealed that 34%, 43%, and 16% of patients were in Risk Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Toxicity (graded according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) included Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in 45% of patients, Grade 2 or greater fatigue in 32% of patients, Grade 2 or greater nausea in 29% of patients, Grade 2 or greater hand‐foot reaction in 39% of patients, and Grade 2 or greater diarrhea in 22% of patients. Six patients responded (11%; 95% confidence interval, 4–22%), and the overall median survival was 14.5 months.CONCLUSIONSGemcitabine plus capecitabine had modest activity in patients with metastatic renal cancer, although the degree of activity and its associated toxicity would not support further evaluation in a Phase III trial of unselected patients. More focused investigations to identify patients most likely to benefit or to enhance activity with additional agents would be reasonable. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Phase I study of capecitabine in combination with temozolomide in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from breast carcinoma
Authors: Rivera Edgardo , Meyers Christina , Groves Morris , Valero Vicente , Francis Deborah , Arun Banu , Broglio Kristine , Yin Guosheng , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Buchholz Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDA single‐institution Phase I clinical trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and define the safety profile of temozolomide and capecitabine when used in combination to treat brain metastases from breast cancer.METHODSPatients were eligible if they had bidimensionally measurable supratentorial or infratentorial brain metastasis from histologically confirmed breast carcinoma. Patients could have received up to 3 prior chemotherapy regimens. Temozolomide and capecitabine were administered concomitantly to 4 sequential cohorts at different dosing levels on Days 1–5 and Days 8–12, with cycles repeated every 21 days until disease progression.RESULTSTwenty‐four patients with multiple brain lesions were treated, including 14 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases and 10 patients with recurrent brain metastases. Only 1 patient was chemotherapy‐naive. Fatigue and nausea were the most commonly observed toxicities observed at any dose levels. Significant antitumor activity was observed, with a total of 1 complete and 3 partial responses (18% objective response rate) in the brain. The median response duration was 8 weeks (range, 6–64 weeks) and the median time to progression in the brain was 12 weeks (range, 3–70 weeks). Neurocognitive function improved or remained stable in patients with a response or stable disease.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of temozolomide and capecitabine is an active, well‐tolerated regimen. The observed antitumor activity warrants further evaluation of this combination as an alternative to or in combination with whole‐brain radiation therapy for the treatment of multiple brain metastases. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Oral outpatient chemotherapy medication errors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Taylor James A. , Winter Laura , Geyer Leah J. , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Although medication errors are 1 of the most common types of medical errors, their frequency in pediatric patients receiving oral outpatient chemotherapeutic agents is unknown. The prescribing, dispensing, and parental administration of these medications to children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were systematically reviewed to determine the rate and types of medication errors occurring in these patients.METHODS.During a 2‐month study period, parents of children with ALL were contacted and asked to participate in the study before a regularly scheduled clinic appointment. At the visit, the parent demonstrated how each medication was administered. A pediatric oncologist reviewed the medical record to determine the correct treatment regimen for study patients. After comparing the correct treatment regimen with what was administered, a classification of “no medication error,” “medication error,” or “cannot determine” due to insufficient information was made for each indicated drug. Identified medication errors were subclassified as prescribing, dispensing, or administration errors.RESULTS.Data on 172 chemotherapeutic medications for 69 patients were analyzed. One or more errors occurred with 17 of the 172 (9.9%) medications; a classification of “cannot determine” was made for 12 (7.0%) medications. Among the 17 medication errors there were 12 (7.0%) administration errors and 5 (2.9%) prescribing errors. There were no pharmacy dispensing errors. All errors were due to incorrect dosing or failure to administer an indicated medication. At least 1 medication error occurred in 13 of the 69 (18.8%) study patients.CONCLUSIONS.Prescribing and administration medication errors occurred with nearly 10% of chemotherapeutic drugs administered to outpatient children with ALL. Systematic changes, including computerized physician order entry and simplification of treatment protocols, should be considered. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Total Lagrangian explicit dynamics finite element algorithm for computing soft tissue deformation
Authors: Miller Karol , Joldes Grand , Lance Dane , Wittek Adam 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe propose an efficient numerical algorithm for computing deformations of ‘very’ soft tissues (such as the brain, liver, kidney etc.), with applications to real‐time surgical simulation. The algorithm is based on the finite element method using the total Lagrangian formulation, where stresses and strains are measured with respect to the original configuration. This choice allows for pre‐computing of most spatial derivatives before the commencement of the time‐stepping procedure.We used explicit time integration that eliminated the need for iterative equation solving during the time‐stepping procedure. The algorithm is capable of handling both geometric and material non‐linearities. The total Lagrangian explicit dynamics (TLED) algorithm using eight‐noded hexahedral under‐integrated elements requires approximately 35% fewer floating‐point operations per element, per time step than the updated Lagrangian explicit algorithm using the same elements.Stability analysis of the algorithm suggests that due to much lower stiffness of very soft tissues than that of typical engineering materials, integration time steps a few orders of magnitude larger than what is typically used in engineering simulations are possible.Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed TLED algorithm. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pressure equipment by application of the primal‐dual theory of shakedown
Authors: Vu Duc Khoi , Staat Manfred , Tran Ich Thinh 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe paper describes the application of the primal‐dual theory of limit and shakedown analysis in safety assessment and design of pressure components according to the new European approach to design by analysis. Two methods, the static and kinematic one, and their combination, the primal‐dual method, are discussed. A numerical example is presented to show the robustness of the primal‐dual method compared with two other methods recently used in two European projects on safety assessment and design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution of non‐linear dispersive wave problems using a moving finite element method
Authors: Wacher Abigail , Givoli Dan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe solution of the fully non‐linear time‐dependent two‐dimensional shallow water equations is considered. Dispersive effects due to the Coriolis forces are taken into account. Such effects are of major importance in geophysical fluid dynamics applications. The recently proposed string gradient weighted moving finite element method is extended for this class of problems. This method simultaneously determines, at each time step, the solution of the governing partial differential equations and an optimal location of the finite element nodes. It has previously been applied to non‐dispersive wave problems; here its performance under the demanding conditions of large Coriolis forces, inducing large mesh and field rotation, is studied. Optimal rates of convergence are obtained. Results for some example problems of water hump release are presented. Non‐linear and linearized solutions are compared. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combination of implicit and adaptative upwind tools for the numerical solution of incompressible free surface flows
Authors: Ferreira V. G. , Oishi C. M. , Kurokawa F. A. , Kaibara M. K. , Cuminato J. A. , Castelo A. , Mangiavacchi N. , Tomé M. F. , McKee S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the numerical solutions of time dependent two‐dimensional incompressible flows. By using the primitive variables of velocity and pressure, the Navier–Stokes and mass conservation equations are solved by a semi‐implicit finite difference projection method. A new bounded higher order upwind convection scheme is employed to deal with the non‐linear (advective) terms. The procedure is an adaptation of the GENSMAC (J. Comput. Phys. 1994; 110:171–186) methodology for calculating confined and free surface fluid flows at both low and high Reynolds numbers. The calculations were performed by using the 2D version of the Freeflow simulation system (J. Comp. Visual. Science 2000; 2:199–210). In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the numerical method, various test cases are presented. These are the fully developed flow in a channel, the flow over a backward facing step, the die‐swell problem, the broken dam flow, and an impinging jet onto a flat plate. The numerical results compare favourably with the experimental data and the analytical solutions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fully implicit finite difference scheme for velocity and temperature coupled solutions of polymer melt flow
Authors: Vaz M. , Zdanski P. S. B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis work presents a fully implicit finite difference scheme aimed at simulation of polymer melt flow in channels and mould cavities. This class of problems is characterized by strong material non‐linearity and coupling of momentum, heat and mass transfer. The computational approach is based on the generalized Newtonian model and utilizes central discretization for both diffusive and convective terms, collocated meshes and artificial dissipation control to handle spurious pressure modes. The formulation accounts for the full interaction between the thermal effects caused by viscous heating and the momentum diffusion effects dictated by a shear rate and temperature‐dependent constitutive model. Solutions for plane channels and asymmetric sudden expansion illustrate application to polymer melt flow. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized velocity post‐processings for Darcy flow in heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Correa M. R. , Loula A. F. D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStable and accurate finite element methods are presented for Darcy flow in heterogeneous porous media with an interface of discontinuity of the hydraulic conductivity tensor. Accurate velocity fields are computed through global or local post‐processing formulations that use previous approximations of the hydraulic potential. Stability is provided by combining Galerkin and least squares (GLS) residuals of the governing equations with an additional stabilization on the interface that incorporates the discontinuity on the tangential component of the velocity field in a strong sense. Numerical analysis is outlined and numerical results are presented to illustrate the good performance of the proposed methods. Convergence studies for a heterogeneous and anisotropic porous medium confirm the same rates of convergence predicted for homogeneous problem with smooth solutions, for both global and local post‐processings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of dendritic cell migration into the draining lymph nodes of mice
Authors: Baumjohann Dirk , Hess Andreas , Budinsky Lubos , Brune Kay , Schuler Gerold , Lutz Manfred B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) migration into the draining lymph nodes is critical for T cell priming. Here, we show that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize DC migration in vivo. We combined clinically approved small particles of iron oxide (SPIO) with protamine sulfate to achieve efficient uptake by murine bone marrow‐derived DC. SPIO‐DC were largely unaltered and after injection into the footpads of mice, they migrated into the T cell areas of the draining lymph nodes, which could be visualized by MRI. Distinct MRI signal reduction patterns correlated with the detection of SPIO‐DC mainly within Thy‐1.2+ B220– T cell areas, as confirmed by iron staining and immunohistology. Clear signal reduction patterns could still be observed with 1 × 106 injected SPIO‐DC at high resolution, resulting in the detection of about 2000 DC. Control injections of homing‐incompetent SPIO‐DC derived from CCR7–/– mice or SPIO alone did not reach the T cell areas. Taken together, the results demonstrate that clinically approved contrast agents allow the non‐invasive visualization of DC migration into the draining lymph node by MRI in vivo at high resolution. This protocol therefore also allows dynamic imaging of immune responses and MRI‐based tracking of human DC in patients.
Interaction between the CCR5 chemokine receptors and microbial HSP70
Authors: Whittall Trevor , Wang Yufei , Younson Justine , Kelly Charles , Bergmeier Lesley , Peters Barry , Singh Mahavir , Lehner Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEvidence is presented that the microbial 70‐kD heat shock protein (HSP70) binds to CCR5 chemokine receptors in CCR5‐transfected cell lines and in primary human cells. Significant CCR5‐mediated calcium mobilization was stimulated by HSP70 and inhibited with TAK 779, which is a specific CCR5 antagonist. HSP70‐mediated activation of the p38 MAPK phosphorylation signaling pathway was also demonstrated in CCR5‐transfected HEK 293 cells. Direct binding of three extracellular peptides of CCR5 to HSP70 was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance. Functional evidence of an interaction between HSP70, CCR5 and CD40 was shown by enhanced production of CCL5 by HEK 293 cells transfected with both CD40 and CCR5. Primary monocyte‐derived immature DC stimulated with HSP70 produced IL‐12 p40, which showed dose‐dependent inhibition of >90% on treatment with both TAK 779 and anti‐CD40 mAb. Stimulation of IL‐12 p40 or TNF‐α by HSP70 was related to the differential cell surface expression of CCR5 in primary human immature and mature DC, and those with the homozygous ▵▵32 CCR5 mutation. These findings may be of significance in the interaction between HSP70 and immune responses of CCR5+ T cells in HIV‐1 infection, as well as in inflammatory bowel disease.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636551
Activated NKT cells increase dendritic cell migration and enhance CD8+ T cell responses in the skin
Authors: Gorbachev Anton V. , Fairchild Robert L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractActivated NKT cells produce cytokines such as IL‐4 and IFN‐γ that function locally to influence the strength and functional development of antigen‐specific T cells. Here we identify an alternative mechanism by which NKT cells influence the strength of T cell responses: through modulation of peripheral dendritic cell (DC) trafficking. NKT cell activation with α‐galactosylceramide induced high systemic levels of TNF‐α that mediated increased DC migration from skin to draining lymph nodes. This increased DC trafficking led to a threefold increase in effector T cell priming and in the immune response elicited to antigen challenge when α‐galactosylceramide was given at the time of immunization of the skin. These studies provide important implications for the use of NKT cell activation strategies to manipulate T cell‐mediated responses including responses to cutaneous tumors and graft vs. host disease.
Multicomponent Supramolecular Devices: Synthesis, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Bridged Bis‐dirhodium and ‐diruthenium Complexes
Authors: Petitjean Anne , Puntoriero Fausto , Campagna Sebastiano , Juris Alberto , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFour ruthenium‐ and rhodium‐based metal–metal‐bonded multicomponent systems have been synthesized, and their absorption, redox, spectroelectrochemical and structural properties have been studied. The absorption spectra of the four bis‐dimetallic compounds M2LM2, where L is a bridging ligand and M is rhodium or ruthenium, exhibit very strong bands in the UV, visible and, for the diruthenium species, near‐IR region. The low‐energy absorption bands are assigned to charge‐transfer transitions involving a metal–metal bonding orbital as the donor and an orbital centered on the bis‐tetradentate aromatic ligands as the acceptor (metal–metal to ligand charge transfer, M2LCT). Each compound exhibits reversible bridging‐ligand‐centered reductions at mild potentials and several reversible oxidation processes. The oxidation signals of the two equivalent dimetallic centers of each bis‐dimetallic compound are split, with the splitting — a measure of the electronic coupling — depending on both the metal and bridging ligand. The mixed‐valence species of the dirhodium species was investigated, and the electronic coupling matrix element calculated from the experimental intervalence band parameters for one of them (86 cm–1) indicates a significant inter‐component electronic interaction which compares well with good electron conducting anionic bridges such as cyanides. Although none of these compounds is luminescent, the M2LCT excited state of one of the bis‐dirhodium complexes is relatively long‐lived (about 6 μs) in degassed acetonitrile at room temperature. The results presented here are promising for the development of linear poly‐dimetallic complexes built on longer naphthyridine‐based strands, with significant long‐range electronic coupling and molecular‐wire‐like behavior. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Stereochemistry of the Tetrabutylammonium Cyanide‐Catalyzed Cyanosylilation of Cyclic α,β‐Epoxyketones – Dependence of the Diastereoselectivity on the Ring Size
Authors: Aljarilla Ana , Córdoba Rubén , Csaky Aurelio G. , Fernández Israel , López Ortiz Fernando , Plumet Joaquín , Ruiz Gómez Gloria 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe diastereoselective Bu4NCN‐catalyzed addition of TMSCN to cyclic α,β‐epoxyketones has been considered. Good diastereoselectivities were found, depending on the ring size of the starting material. Computational studies account for the observed diastereoselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)