bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of host weight on the distribution of Argulus foliaceus (L.) (Crustacea, Branchiura) within a fish community
Authors: Walker Peter , Harris Jack , Velde Gerard , Wendelaar Bonga Sjoerd 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity is a feature common to many ecosystems. Aquatic organisms typically exhibit this heterogeneous distribution but to date little is known about the distribution of many common parasite species within water bodies. In this study the distribution of Argulus foliaceus (L.), an ectoparasitic crustacean, on different sized hosts within a mixed species fish community was determined. Different fish species exhibited differences in their louse burdens (prevalence and intensity). The highest prevalence of A. foliaceus was observed on fish species dominated by larger individuals (i.e. Cyprinus carpio, Abramis brama and Tinca tinca). C. carpio and A. brama also exhibited the highest mean louse intensities. Infested fish were generally heavier than uninfested conspecifics. Differences in the weight of uninfested and infested fish were significant (P<0.05) for the whole fish community samples and the Scardinius erythrophthalmus, A. brama and C. carpio samples. There was also a general pattern of increasing infestation intensity with an increase in host body weight, with significant correlations for the whole fish community for S. erythrophthalmus, A. brama and C. carpio samples. In addition there were significant differences in parasite prevalence and intensity between different host weight groups and larger (heavier) fish appeared to be more prone to infestation by A. foliaceus.
Two new species of the quill mite genus Aulobia Kethley, 1970 (Acari, Syringophilidae) associated with sunbirds (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae)
Authors: Skoracki Maciej , Głowska Eliza 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo new quill mite species parasitizing sunbirds (Nectariniidae) are described: Aulobia nectariniae sp. nov. from the Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis (L.), from the Black Sunbird Leptocoma sericea (Lesson), and Aulobia anthreptes sp. nov. from Plain-throated Sunbird Anthreptes malacensis. The family Nectariniidae is a new host group for syringophilid mites.
Experimental hymenolepiasis of rats: preliminary data on histopathological changes of visceral organs
Authors: Movsesyan Sergey , Jivanyan Karine , Chubaryan Flora , Malczewski Andrzej , Terenina Nadezhda , Petrossyan Rosa , Ter-Oganyan Karine 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPathomorphological changes of intestine, liver, spleen and adrenals of rats experimentally infected with Hymenolepis diminuta are described 24 days post infection. Major structural alterations in intestinal wall include lesions of the mucosa, fusions of villi, damage of the epithelial layer and its replacement by flattened cells with pycnotic nuclei. In addition, tunica muscularis and tunica submucosa become thicker and there are numerous lymphocytes among enterocytes. At moderate infections, the changes in the spleen indicate activation of the lymphopoiesis and enhanced protective functions while, in heavily infected rats, the B zone of the spleen showed signs of emaciation. Liver histology of infected rats showed dilatation of sinusoids and the presence of destructive alterations in the parenchyma, necrotic cells and cells with pycnotic nuclei; in heavily infected animals, the necrotic cells were grouped in foci. In adrenal glands, alterations concern mostly zona fascicularis, which is interpreted as mobilization of cytoplasmic lipid inclusions in order to increase the intensity of the steroid hormone synthesis. The degree and character of histopathological changes depended on the intensity of infection.
Studies on the development and role of some cell-mediated immune responses in experimental toxocarosis in mice
Authors: Wnukowska Natalia , Dzbeński Tadeusz 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe studies were undertaken to investigate the development of some cell-mediated immune responses in experimental toxocarosis in mice and to assess the influence of these responses on the course of infection. Mice were infected orally with 350 eggs of Toxocara canis and reinfected with the same dose of parasites after 8 weeks. Groups of infected animals were killed each week of the experiments to obtain spleens, livers and brains for further studies. Lymphocytes from removed spleens were analysed by flow-cytometry for CD4 and CD8 expression and cultured in vitro to measure their responses to Concanavalin A and excretory-secretory (ES) antigen of T. canis in a lymphocyte transformation test. Pieces of livers were used to prepare paraffin sections to be stained later with haematoxylin and eosin, whereas whole brains of the infected animals were examined for the presence of parasite larvae. The results of the studies showed depression of T-cell responses to ConA in early stages of infection and significant increase in the blastogenic responses to the ES antigen from week 4 following infection. The depression of T-cell responses was accompanied by lowered CD4+/CD8+ ratio resulting from increased percentages of CD8+ T cells. Histopathological examination of liver sections revealed trapping of larvae in T. canis reinfected mice. The intensity of infection as measured by larval recoveries from the brains of mice increased gradually up to the 8th week of infection, but did not show significant changes after reinfection, testifying to the development of long-lasting protective immunity during primary infection.
Oligopeptidase B-2 from Leishmania amazonensis with an unusual C-terminal extension
Authors: Matos Guedes Herbert , Carvalho Rafael , Oliveira Gomes Daniel , Rossi-Bergmann Bartira , De-Simone Salvatore 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe oligopeptidase B serine protease is an important virulence factor and therapeutic target in Trypanosoma infections. Recently, the Leishmania major Genome Project identified a new oligopeptidase B that was denominated oligopeptidase B-like, herein named oligopeptidase B-2. In this study, a complete open reading frame of oligopeptidase B-2 from Leishmania amazonensis (PH8 strain) was amplified by PCR using primers designed for the oligopeptidase B-2 gene of L. major. The 2,715 bp fragment coded for a protein of 905 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 103,918.9 Da and theoretical pI of 5.82. The encoded protein displayed ∼96% identity with L. major and ∼75% identity with Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei oligopeptidases B-2, and ∼21% identity with Escherichia coli and L. amazonensis classical oligopeptidase B. An unusual C-terminal extension was found in relation to the classical trypanosomatid oligopeptidase B. By sequence alignment, we determined a catalytic triad (Ser 629, Asp 717 and His 758), S1 subsite (Glu 674 and Glu 676) and suggest a difference in the S2 subsite of L. amazonensis oligopeptidase B-2. We also found that the oligopeptidase B-2 gene is expressed in all cycle stages of L. amazonensis. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that oligopeptidase B-2 is a new member of oligopeptidase B.
Helminth parasites of two sympatric lizards, Enyalius iheringii and E. perditus (Leiosauridae), from an Atlantic Rainforest area of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Vrcibradic Davor , Anjos Luciano , Vicente Joaquim , Bursey Charles 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe present data on helminths harboured by two sympatric species of Enyalius Wagler, 1830 (E. iheringiii Boulenger, 1885 and E. perditus Jackson, 1978) from the Atlantic Rainforest of the Ilha de São Sebastião, in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Six helminth species were found in the hosts: five nematodes (Cosmocerca sp., Oswaldocruzia burseyi Durette-Desset, Anjos et Vrcibradic, 2006, Oswaldocruzia fredi Durette-Desset, Anjos et Vrcibradic, 2006, Rhabdias sp., and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923), and one acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus sp.). Overall helminth prevalences were relatively high for both species [6/6 (100%) for E. iheringii and 9/14 (64%) for E. perditus]. The helminth assemblages from both host species were depauperate and dominated by generalist helminths with direct life-cycles.
Identification and characterization of 31 isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales, Spirochaetaceae) obtained from various hosts and vectors using PCR-RFLP and SDS-PAGE analysis
Authors: Žákovská Alena , Janouškovcová Eva , Pejchalová Kateřina , Halouzka Jiří , Dendis Miloš 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis, circulates between ticks and vertebrate hosts. Two main genospecies typically occur in the Czech Republic Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, transmitted generally by Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) ticks. The aim of our study was to identify spirochaete isolates focusing on Borrelia burgdorferi acquired from different sources: vectors (ticks), potential vectors (mosquitoes, small mites) and hosts (wild rodents). In the years 1996–2001 a total of 2398 ticks, 72 mites (from wild rodents), 2700 mosquito adults, 1798 mosquito larvae and organ parts (kidney and spleen) of 216 wild rodents were collected from seven localities in the Czech Republic. A total of 31 spirochaete strains were isolated: 13 strains from ticks, 1 strain from mite (Haemogamasus sp.), 15 strains from rodents, 1 strain from mosquito adults and 1 strain from mosquito larva. For the genospecies identification of these isolates PCR, PCR-RFLP was used and their characterization was also performed by SDS-PAGE. By nested PCR method all except one isolated strains were detected as Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Following PCR-RFLP molecular analysis results, tick isolates were identified as B. garinii and B. afzelii, the strain isolated from the mite was identified as B. afzelii. This is the first isolated strain of B.b.s.l. from a different mite of infraorder Parasitiformes than tick. All of rodent isolates were identified as B. afzelii; mosquito adult isolate was identified as B. afzelii. Larval isolate from mosquito is spirochaete, but does not belong to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group.
In search of mitochondrial markers for resolving the phylogeny of cyclophyllidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) — a test study with Davaineidae
Authors: Littlewood D. , Waeschenbach Andrea , Nikolov Pavel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe most species rich order of tapeworms is the Cyclophyllidea and prior to wide-scale sampling of these worms for phylogenetics, we wished to develop reliable PCR primers that would capture fragments of mitochondrial (mt) DNA with phylogenetic utility across the order. Nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences are well-established and valuable markers for resolving flatworm interrelationships spanning a wide range of taxonomic divergences, but fail to provide resolution amongst recently diverged lineages. Entire mt genomes of selected cyclophyllidean tapeworms are available on GenBank, and we used these to design PCR primers to amplify mtDNA from cox1, rrnL and nad1 for a range of cyclophyllideans (7 davaineids, 1 hymenolepidid and 1 dilepidid) and selected outgroups (Tetrabothrius sp. and Mesocestoides sp.). A combined nuclear and mt gene data set was used to estimate a reference phylogeny and the performance of the individual genes was compared to this. Although nuclear and mt genes each contributed to the structure and stability of the phylogenetic estimate, strongest nodal support was provided by nuclear data amongst the basal lineages and by mt data amongst the most recently diverged lineages. The apparent complementarity afforded by combining nuclear and mt data was compromised by these data partitions providing conflicting signal at poorly supported nodes. Nevertheless, we argue for a combined evidence approach. PCR primers that amplify rrnL were designed and tested successfully against a diversity of cyclophyllideans; rrnL and nad1 appeared to be more informative than the fragment of cox1. The genus Raillietina was not supported by molecular evidence. The new primers will likely provide considerable resolution to estimates of cyclophyllidean interrelationships in future studies.
Dentostomella translucida Schulz et Krepkorgorskaya, 1932 (Nematoda, Heteroxynematidae), a new species for the European nematofauna
Authors: Zaleśny Grzegorz , Hildebrand Joanna , Popiołek Marcin , Okulewicz Anna 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA nematode Dentostomella translucida was found during parasitological examination of a pet Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus. Gerbils in the wild are known as hosts of this parasite in Asia, pet gerbils — in the USA and Brazil. Our record is the first in Europe. Complete descriptions of male and female individuals are given.
Cymothoidae and Aegidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Algeria
Authors: Ramdane Zouhir , Trilles Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree species of Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda), Emetha audouini, Ceratothoa collaris and C. steindachneri are here reported from Algeria. The presence of E. audouini and C. collaris is confirmed there and these two species are reported for the first time from Béjaïa, Jijel and Annaba. Ceratothoa steindachneri is new for the Algerian fauna. Ceratothoa oestroides, C. parallela, C. oxyrrhynchaena, Anilocra frontalis, A. physodes and Nerocila bivittata are also recorded. New hosts are identified for C. parallela, C. steindachneri, A. frontalis and A. physodes as well as those of E. audouini. Three species of Aegidae, Aega rosacea, A. deshaysiana and Aega sp. are recorded. The presence of the first is reported for the first time in Algeria and that of the second is confirmed there. For each one of these species, potential preys are identified.
Synthesis and properties of high tilted antiferroelectric esters with partially fluorinated alkoxyalkoxy terminal chains
Authors: Żurowska M. , Dąbrowski R. , Dziaduszek J. , Czupryński K. , Skrzypek K. , Filipowicz M. , Bennis N. , Otón J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNovel chiral esters with partially fluorinated alkoxyalkoxy terminal chains are described. Their phase transition temperatures, enthalpies, and electrooptical properties are reported. A helical pitch in pure compounds and their mixtures based on selective reflection of light is also characterized.
Oriental behaviour of some homologues of 4-n-pentyl-phenylthio-4′-n-alkoxybenzoate doped with dichroic dye
Authors: Bauman D. , Zięba A. , Mykowska E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe long-range orientational order of three members of 4-n-pentylphenylthio-4′-n-alkoxybenzoate $$ (\bar nS5) $$ series doped with a dichroic dye was studied by means of electronic absorption and fluorescence measurements. The order parameters <P2> and <P4> as well as the orientational distribution function were determined on the basis of absorption and emission spectra of linearly polarized light recorded as a function of temperature in the nematic, smectic A, and smectic C phases. An influence of the dye molecular structure on the orientational order of the dye/liquid crystal mixture was observed. Moreover, the dependence of the order parameter values on the length of the alkoxy chain in liquid crystal molecules was found. It was shown that the order parameter <P4>, obtained from fluorescence measurements, can be helpful in recognizing the second-order or weakly first-order transitions between various liquid crystalline phases.
Modelling metamaterial transmission lines: a review and recent developments
Authors: Aznar F. , Gil M. , Bonache J. , Martín F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis review paper is devoted to the discussion and comparison of the lumped element equivalent circuit models of the different types of metamaterial transmission lines that have been proposed so far, namely the CL-loaded lines, and those lines based on the resonant type approach. The latter category comprises both artificial lines loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs), or related topologies, and metamaterial transmission lines based on complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). It will be the main aim of this paper to clearly justify the circuit elements of the models (and link such elements to the line physics and topology), to compare the different lines to the light of these models, and to point out the advantages and drawbacks of the different metamaterial transmission lines. As long as metamaterial transmission lines are exhaustively used for the design of compact microwave and millimeter wave components with improved performance and/or based on new functionalities, and their synthesis is based on the lumped element equivalent circuits, this paper is of actual interest for RF/microwave engineers and in general to those readers involved in metamaterial research and applications.
<i>Trichothecium roseum</i> Link - A new record of hyphomycetous fungus for Bangladesh
Authors: Shamsi Shamim , Sultana Razia 
Published: June 2008

Not available. Keywords: Trichothecium roseum; Hyphomycetes; BangladeshDOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v15i1.932 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 15(1): 77-80, 2008 (June)
Effects of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Jute Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Rashed HMMA , Islam MA , Rizvi FB 
Published: June 2008

For Environmental concern on synthetic fibers (such as glass, carbon, ceramic fibers, etc.) natural fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, etc. are widely used. In this research work, jute fiber reinforced polypropylene matrix composites have been developed by hot compression molding technique with varying process parameters, such as fiber condition (untreated and alkali treated), fiber sizes (1, 2 and 4 mm) and percentages (5%, 10% and 15% by weight). The developed jute fiber reinforced composites were then characterized by tensile test, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that tensile strength increases with increase in the fiber size and fiber percentage; however, after a certain size and percentage, the tensile strength decreases again. Compared to untreated fiber, no significant change in tensile strength has been observed for treated jute fiber reinforcement. Fractographic observation suggests the fracture behavior to be brittle in nature. Keywords: Natural fiber, Jute fiber, Polypropylene, Composite, Tensile strength. DOI: 10.3329/jname.v3i1.923 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 3(2006) 1-6
Thermal Radiation Interaction with Unsteady MHD Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate Immersed in a Porous Medium
Authors: Samad Md Abdus , Mansur-Rahman Mohammad 
Published: June 2008

A study of unsteady MHD free convection flow through a porous vertical flat plate immersed in a porous medium in presence of magnetic field with radiation has been analyzed. Introducing a time dependent suction to the plate, a similarity procedure has been adopted by taking a time dependent similarity parameter. In this analysis we consider a Darcy-Forchhemier model and the corresponding momentum and energy equations have been solved numerically, for cooling and heating of the plate by employing Nachtsheim-Swigert iteration technique along with the sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Non-dimensional velocity and temperature profiles are then presented graphically for different values of the parameter entering into the problem. During the process of numerical computations the skin-friction coefficient (viscous drag) and the rate of heat transfer (Nusselt number), which are of physical interest, are sorted out and presented in the form of tables. Keywords: Thermal radiation, MHD, Unsteady, Suction, Porous medium DOI: 10.3329/jname.v3i1.924Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 3(2006) 7-14
Effect of Turret Location on the Dynamic Behaviour of an Internal Turret Moored FPSO System
Authors: Kannah T Rajesh , Natarajan R 
Published: June 2008

An experimental investigation on the motions and mooring forces of a typical internal turret moored Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) system under regular sea waves for different loading conditions i.e., 40%DWT, 70%DWT and 100%DWT with different turret locations viz forward, midships and semi- aft positions is reported in this paper. A 1:100 scale model of 140000 DWT turret moored FPSO system was tested in a 2m wide wave flume at a water depth of 1m for the wave frequencies from 0.55Hz to 1.25Hz in steps of 0.04Hz. The motions were measured by rotary type potentiometers and proving ring type load cells were used to measure the mooring forces. From the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that among the three turret locations, the forward turret position is the best suited position for the internal turret moored FPSO system, so as to have favourable and safe working environment. In this turret location, the surge, heave and pitch motions are about 20% to 30% less in comparison with mid ship and semi-aft positions for all loading conditions. Keywords: FPSO system, internal turret, CALM, motions, mooring forces DOI: 10.3329/jname.v3i1.926Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 3(2006) 23-37
Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ahlqvist Viktor H. , Sjöqvist Hugo , Dalman Christina , Karlsson Håkan , Stephansson Olof , Johansson Stefan , Magnusson Cecilia , Gardner Renee M. , Lee Brian K. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceSeveral studies suggest that acetaminophen (paracetamol) use during pregnancy may increase risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. If true, this would have substantial implications for management of pain and fever during pregnancy.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with children’s risk of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide cohort study with sibling control analysis included a population-based sample of 2 480 797 children born in 1995 to 2019 in Sweden, with follow-up through December 31, 2021.ExposureUse of acetaminophen during pregnancy prospectively recorded from antenatal and prescription records.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAutism, ADHD, and intellectual disability based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes in health registers.ResultsIn total, 185 909 children (7.49%) were exposed to acetaminophen during pregnancy. Crude absolute risks at 10 years of age for those not exposed vs those exposed to acetaminophen were 1.33% vs 1.53% for autism, 2.46% vs 2.87% for ADHD, and 0.70% vs 0.82% for intellectual disability. In models without sibling control, ever-use vs no use of acetaminophen during pregnancy was associated with marginally increased risk of autism (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02-1.08]; risk difference [RD] at 10 years of age, 0.09% [95% CI, −0.01% to 0.20%]), ADHD (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.05-1.10]; RD, 0.21% [95% CI, 0.08%-0.34%]), and intellectual disability (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00-1.10]; RD, 0.04% [95% CI, −0.04% to 0.12%]). To address unobserved confounding, matched full sibling pairs were also analyzed. Sibling control analyses found no evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy was associated with autism (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.93-1.04]; RD, 0.02% [95% CI, −0.14% to 0.18%]), ADHD (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.94-1.02]; RD, −0.02% [95% CI, −0.21% to 0.15%]), or intellectual disability (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.92-1.10]; RD, 0% [95% CI, −0.10% to 0.13%]). Similarly, there was no evidence of a dose-response pattern in sibling control analyses. For example, for autism, compared with no use of acetaminophen, persons with low (&amp;lt;25th percentile), medium (25th-75th percentile), and high (&amp;gt;75th percentile) mean daily acetaminophen use had HRs of 0.85, 0.96, and 0.88, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceAcetaminophen use during pregnancy was not associated with children’s risk of autism, ADHD, or intellectual disability in sibling control analysis. This suggests that associations observed in other models may have been attributable to familial confounding.