bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence and characteristics of disordered eating and orthorexia in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Sultan Nessmah , Foyster Mandy , Tonkovic Matilda , Noon Danielle , Burton‐Murray Helen , Biesiekierski Jessica R. , Tuck Caroline J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionOrthorexia, a harmful obsession with eating healthily, may develop from illnesses characterized by dietary restriction, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and eating disorders (ED). Evidence of disordered eating in IBS exists, but orthorexia has not been assessed. This cross‐sectional study in adults (≥18 years) assessed presence and characteristics of disordered eating and orthorexia in IBS, compared to control subjects (CS) and ED.MethodsIBS participants met Rome IV, and ED participants met DSM‐5 criteria. Disordered eating was assessed using “sick, control, one‐stone, fat, food” (SCOFF, ≥2 indicating disordered eating), and orthorexia by the eating habits questionnaire (EHQ). Secondary measures included stress (PSS); anxiety (HADS‐A); food‐related quality of life (Fr‐QoL), and dietary intake (CNAQ).Key ResultsIn 202 IBS (192 female), 34 ED (34 female), and 109 CS (90 female), more IBS (33%) and ED (47%) scored SCOFF≥2 compared to CS (16%, p < 0.001, chi‐square). IBS and ED had higher orthorexia symptom severity compared to CS (EHQ IBS 82.9 ± 18.1, ED 90.1 ± 19.6, and CS 73.5 ± 16.9, p < 0.001, one‐way ANOVA). IBS and ED did not differ for SCOFF or EHQ (p > 0.05). Those with IBS and disordered eating had higher orthorexia symptom severity (EHQ 78.2 ± 16.6 vs. 92.4 ± 17.5, p < 0.001, independent t‐test), worse symptoms (IBS‐SSS 211.0 ± 78.4 vs. 244.4 ± 62.5, p = 0.008, Mann–Whitney U test), higher stress (p < 0.001, independent t‐test), higher anxiety (p = 0.002, independent t‐test), and worse FR‐QoL (p < 0.001, independent t‐test).Conclusions and InferencesDisordered eating and orthorexia symptoms occur frequently in IBS, particularly in those with worse gastrointestinal symptoms, higher stress, and anxiety. Clinicians could consider these characteristics when prescribing dietary therapies.
Climatic Variability and Internal Migration in Asia: Evidence from Big Microdata
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Robinson Abbie , Gray Clark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effects of climate change on human migration have received widespread attention, driven in part by concerns about potential large‐scale population displacements. Recent studies demonstrate that climate‐migration linkages are often complex, and climatic variability may increase, decrease, or have null effects on migration. However, the use of noncomparable analytic strategies across studies makes it difficult to disentangle substantive variation in climate effects across populations and places from methodological artifacts. We address this gap by using harmonized census and survey microdata from six Asian countries (n = 54,987,838) to measure climate effects on interprovincial migration, overall and among subpopulations defined by age, sex, education, and country of residence. We also evaluate whether climate effects differ according to the distance and type of move. Exposure to precipitation deficits leads to substantively large reductions in out‐migration, and, surprisingly, these overall effects do not vary meaningfully by age, sex, or educational attainment. However, there are significant differences in the strength and direction of temperature and precipitation effects by country and within countries. Multinomial models show that precipitation deficits reduce internal migration to both adjacent and nonadjacent provinces. Finally, consistent with expectations that climate effects operate through economic mechanisms, spells of low precipitation reduce the probability of work‐related moves in the countries where the reason for migration is measured. Our findings provide further evidence that adverse environmental conditions can reduce migration, underlining the need for policymakers to consider how to support both displaced and trapped populations.
Remittances‐Adjusted Support Ratio
Authors: Tohoff Lukas , Landis Daji , Mencarini Letizia , Aassve Arnstein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce a new demographic indicator, the remittances‐adjusted support ratio (RASR), which incorporates the support offered through remittances into the existing support ratio (SR). Remittances have increased rapidly in recent decades due to improved technology, and they play a crucial role in the countries that send migrants abroad. This is important as many countries are still undergoing their demographic transitions, and here remittances are particularly relevant. Our formulation of the RASR suggests an alternative in which population pressures are alleviated through migration, but where migrants send remittances and thus provide support without being present in their home countries. We show that the RASR has diverged substantially from the SR in a range of countries during the last three decades. The RASR, therefore, offers new insight into economic and demographic support and constitutes a useful tool for policymakers and researchers in the 21st century.
Unveiling the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways in Canine Demodicosis
Authors: Kelly Pamela A. , McHugo Gillian P. , Scaife Caitriona , Peters Susan , Stevenson M. Lynn , McKay Jennifer S. , MacHugh David E. , Saez Irene Lara , Breathnach Rory 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTCanine demodicosis is a prevalent skin disease caused by overpopulation of a commensal species of Demodex mite, yet its precise cause remains unknown. Research suggests that T‐cell exhaustion, increased immunosuppressive cytokines, induction of regulatory T cells and increased expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors may contribute to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular changes occurring in canine demodicosis using mass spectrometry and pathway enrichment analysis. The results indicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes canine demodicosis through regulation of three linked signalling pathways: eIF2, mTOR, and eIF4 and p70S6K. These pathways are involved in the modulation of Toll‐like receptors, most notably TLR2, and have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases in both dogs and humans. Moreover, these pathways are also implicated in the promotion of immunosuppressive M2 phenotype macrophages. Immunohistochemical analysis, utilising common markers of dendritic cells and macrophages, verified the presence of M2 macrophages in canine demodicosis. The proteomic analysis also identified immunological disease, organismal injury and abnormalities and inflammatory response as the most significant underlying diseases and disorders associated with canine demodicosis. This study demonstrates that Demodex mites, through ER stress, unfolded protein response and M2 macrophages contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby assisting in their proliferation.
Molecular pathology of small cell lung cancer: Overview from studies on neuroendocrine differentiation regulated by ASCL1 and Notch signaling
Authors: Ito Takaaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells are rare airway epithelial cells. The balance between Achaete‐scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1) and hairy and enhancer of split 1, one of the target molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, is crucial for NE differentiation. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung tumor, characterized by rapid cell proliferation, a high metastatic potential, and the acquisition of resistance to treatment. The subtypes of SCLC are defined by the expression status of NE cell‐lineage transcription factors, such as ASCL1, which roles are supported by SRY‐box 2, insulinoma‐associated protein 1, NK2 homeobox 1, and wingless‐related integration site signaling. This network reinforces NE differentiation and may induce the characteristic morphology and chemosensitivity of SCLC. Notch signaling mediates cell‐fate decisions, resulting in an NE to non‐NE fate switch. The suppression of NE differentiation may change the histological type of SCLC to a non‐SCLC morphology. In SCLC with NE differentiation, Notch signaling is typically inactive and genetically or epigenetically regulated. However, Notch signaling may be activated after chemotherapy, and, in concert with Yes‐associated protein signaling and RE1‐silencing transcription factor, suppresses NE differentiation, producing intratumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance. Accumulated information on the molecular mechanisms of SCLC will contribute to further advances in the control of this recalcitrant cancer.
Diffusional and Biochemical Limitations to Photosynthesis Under Water Deficit for Field‐Grown Cotton
Authors: Parkash Ved , Snider John L. , Virk Gurpreet , Dhillon Kamalpreet Kaur , Lee Joshua M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater deficit stress limits net photosynthetic rate (AN), but the relative sensitivities of underlying processes such as thylakoid reactions, ATP production, carbon fixation reactions, and carbon loss processes to water deficit stress in field‐grown upland cotton require further exploration. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess (1) the diffusional and biochemical mechanisms associated with water deficit‐induced declines in AN and (2) associations between water deficit‐induced variation in oxidative stress and energy dissipation for field‐grown cotton. Water deficit stress was imposed for three weeks during the peak bloom stage of cotton development, causing significant reductions in leaf water potential and AN. Among diffusional limitations, mesophyll conductance was the major contributor to the AN decline. Several biochemical processes were adversely impacted by water deficit. Among these, electron transport rate and RuBP regeneration were most sensitive to AN‐limiting water deficit. Carbon loss processes (photorespiration and dark respiration) were less sensitive than carbon assimilation, contributing to the water deficit‐induced declines in AN. Increased energy dissipation via non‐photochemical quenching or maintenance of electron flux to photorespiration prevented oxidative stress. Declines in AN were not associated with water deficit‐induced variation in ATP production. It was concluded that diffusional limitations followed by biochemical limitations (ETR and RuBP regeneration) contributed to declines in AN, carbon loss processes partially contributed to the decline in AN, and increased energy dissipation prevented oxidative stress under water deficit in field‐grown cotton.
Exploring the landscape of stem cell extracellular vesicle research for angiogenesis: A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023
Authors: Wang Yuchong , Zhao Changjiang , Guo Rong , Xi Tingting , Xiong Jiachao , Jia Lingling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExosomes and other secretory membrane vesicles are collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Relevant data indicate that stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (SC‐EVs) play a critical role in angiogenesis by transmitting crucial information such as proteins, second messengers, and genetic material between cells. Therefore, this study aimed to map current trends on SC‐EVs for angiogenesis and provide directions for future research to advance this important field.MethodsWe conducted a thorough search for relevant studies on SC‐EVs for angiogenesis from 2003 to 2023 using the Web of Science database. Subsequently, we used VOSviewer and CiteSpace to analyze the collected data.ResultsA total of 2359 relevant publications, which included original articles and reviews, related to the role of SC‐EVs in angiogenesis were screened in this study based on the search strategy. China and the United States were leading in this field, with China having a higher output in terms of publications and citations (1172, 43681). Also, the top five universities were located in China, with Shanghai Jiao Tong University having the highest output. Stem Cell Research & Therapy and International Journal of Molecular Sciences, are prominent platforms for researchers in this field to share their findings and advancements, and they had most of published studies on SC‐EVs for angiogenesis. The results derived from the cluster analysis suggested that future investigations should predominantly prioritize studying the involvement of SC‐EVs in angiogenesis across various diseases, with a specific emphasis on skin wound healing.ConclusionIn this comprehensive review, global trends in SC‐EVs for angiogenesis were analyzed. The analysis of journals, institutions, references, and keywords could assist researchers in deciding on the direction of research. The role of SC‐EVs in promoting angiogenesis during wound healing and repair represents an emerging research focus.
Bad times keep us together: Policy priorities and economic shocks
Authors: Lipsmeyer Christine S. , Philips Andrew Q. , Rutherford Amanda , Whitten Guy D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe analyze how economic shocks affect the partisan nature of budgetary trade‐offs and use data from the U.S. Census Annual Survey of Government Finance to illustrate it.MethodsWe propose a compositional approach to model trade‐offs among 10 budgetary categories across both time and space in U.S. states.ResultsWe find support for the notion that partisanship drives the allocation of budgetary expenditures. However, during times of negative economic shocks, either within a state or in neighboring states, Democratic and Republican governors have a similar budgetary response.ConclusionsThe results show the effects of economic and political shifts, as well as the implications of spillovers from other states, on partisan decisions about trade‐offs in government budgets.
Non‐brachycephalic dogs with stertor have higher nasopharyngeal collapsibility compared with dogs without stertor and foramen lacerum level is ideal for evaluating nasopharyngeal collapse on dynamic CT
Authors: Noh Daji , Shin Hyun‐guk , Choi Hojung , Lee Youngwon , Lee Kija 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStertor, a clinical sign associated with obstructive airway syndrome, is often observed in non‐brachycephalic dogs. This prospective, case‐control study aimed to compare soft palate dimensions, nasopharyngeal cross‐sectional area (CSA), and nasopharyngeal collapsibility at various locations in non‐brachycephalic dogs with and without stertor. A total of 50 dogs were recruited and stratified into control (n = 34) and stertor (n = 13) groups. Static and dynamic computed tomography was conducted without tracheal intubation, and the following variables were calculated: normalized soft palate length and thickness, normalized maximum and minimum nasopharyngeal CSAs (rCSAmax and rCSAmin), and nasopharyngeal collapsibility at the level of the cranial end of the soft palate, pterygoid hamulus, foramen lacerum, bony labyrinth, and caudal end of the soft palate. The stertor group demonstrated significantly lower rCSAmax and rCSAmin, as well as higher nasopharyngeal collapsibility compared with the control group, while no significant differences were noted in the soft palate dimension. Evaluating nasopharyngeal collapse at the foramen lacerum level was recommended due to the clear presence of identifiable bony landmarks and lower overlap in the nasopharyngeal collapsibility between dogs with and without stertor. Physical dimensions of the soft palate may not be the primary contributing factor to nasopharyngeal collapse and clinical signs in non‐brachycephalic dogs.
English in Spain: Education, attitudes and native‐speakerism
Authors: Llurda Enric , Mocanu Vasilica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpain has traditionally featured rather low in the rankings measuring the knowledge of English by European citizens, and yet English has been constantly entering different areas of Spanish life and in all levels of education. This article delves into the efforts made at different levels of education to enable school graduates to communicate in English without difficulty. It focuses on how young people conceptualise English: their attitudes towards the language and to what extent they associate it with Inner Circle countries, or whether instead they see it as a tool for international communication. This discussion is complemented with an analysis of the pervasiveness of ‘native‐speakerism’ in Spanish society, which we claim acts as another handicap to the normalisation of the use of English as a lingua franca by Spanish citizens in multicultural settings within and outside the country.
Regulation of body temperature and blood pressure in women: Mechanisms and implications for heat illness risk
Authors: Giersch Gabrielle E. W. , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing global temperatures due to ongoing climate change phenomena have resulted in increased risk of exertional heat illness in otherwise healthy, young individuals who work or play in the heat. With increasing participation of women in athletic, military and industrial activities that involve exertion in the heat, there is a growing need to study female physiology in this context. Mechanisms controlling blood pressure and body temperature have substantial overlap in humans, largely due to autonomic mechanisms which contribute to both. Similarly, illnesses that result from excessive heat exposure can often be traced back to imbalances in one or more of these autonomic mechanisms. In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the importance of sex as a biological variable for basic and applied research in these areas. The goal of this paper is to present an update on the integrative physiology and pathophysiology of responses to heat stress in women (thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation). In this context, it is often the case that differences between sexes are presented as ‘advantages’ and ‘disadvantages’ of one sex over the other. In our opinion, this is an over‐simplification of the physiology which ignores the nuances and complexities of the integrative physiology of responses to heat exposure and exercise, and their relevance for practical outcomes.
Erosion Wear Analysis on Valve Cage of Cage-Typed Sleeve Control Valve for Coal Liquefaction
Authors: Guan An-qi , Zhong Feng-ping , Qiu Chang , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qian Jin-yuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cage-typed sleeve control valve (CSCV) is the key basic equipment in direct coal liquefaction projects. The working condition of CSCV has the characteristics of high-pressure difference, high velocity, and high solid content. There is a general issue of liquid–solid two-phase erosion wear in CSCV, which can easily lead to the failure of the internal structure in the valve cage. Therefore, it is necessary to study erosion wear characteristics of internal structures in the valve cage. Considering the real conditions of erosion wear in the valve cage, a simplified T-shaped flow path is designed, and the precision of both the liquid–solid two-phase flow model and the erosion prediction model is validated. The flow characteristics and erosion wear characteristics in the T-shaped flow path under different working conditions are studied. Based on the simulation results of different structural parameters and boundary conditions, the erosion wear of the T-shaped flow path is predicted and calculated by the response surface method. Subsequently, the prediction formula for the maximum erosion rate is derived. The formula enables the swift determination of optimal structural parameters for the flow path, aiming to mitigate damage to the valve caused by erosion wear. This work can quickly predict the erosion wear rate of the key areas in the valve cage, which can provide a certain reference value for the life prediction and structural optimization of CSCV, and it can also benefit the safety and maintenance of the coal liquefaction system.
A Multimodal Importance Sampling Approach for the Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Automated Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Most Thomas , Rasch Maximilian , Tobe Ubben Paul , Niemeier Roland , Bayer Veit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we present a stochastic approach for the reliability evaluation of specific traffic scenarios as one component in the validation procedure of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In this analysis, the control device is represented as a simulation model using software-in-the-loop technology. Specific inputs of this simulated controller are modeled as scalar random inputs. Based on a definition of a failure criterion, the well-known reliability method can be applied. In the present article, a variance-reduced importance sampling strategy for multiple failure regions is presented, which was developed for a scenario-based safety assessment framework.
Acinetobacter junii
: an emerging One Health pathogen
Authors: Aguilar-Vera Alejandro , Bello-López Elena , Pantoja-Nuñez Gabriel Iván , Rodríguez-López Gloria M. , Morales-Erasto Vladimir , Castillo-Ramírez Santiago 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter junii
is an opportunistic human and animal pathogen severely understudied. Here, we conducted the largest genomic epidemiological study on this pathogen to date. Our data show that this bacterium has spread globally. Also, we found that some human and non-human isolates are not well differentiated from one another, implying transmission between clinical and non-clinical, non-human settings. Remarkably, human but also some non-human isolates have clinically important antibiotic resistance genes, and some of these genes are located in plasmids. Given these results, we put forward that
A. junii
should be considered an emerging One Health problem. In this regard, future molecular epidemiological studies about this species will go beyond human isolates and will consider animal-, plant-, and water-associated environments.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is the most well-known species from the genus
Acinetobacter
. However, other much less studied
Acinetobacter
species could be important opportunistic pathogens of animals, plants and humans. Here, we conducted the largest genomic epidemiological study of
A. junii
, which has been described as a source not only of human but also of animal infections. Our analyses show that this bacterium has spread globally and that, in some instances, human and non-human isolates are not well differentiated. Remarkably, some non-human isolates have important antibiotic resistance genes against important antibiotics used in human medicine. Based on our results, we propose that this pathogen must be considered an issue not only for humans but also for veterinary medicine.