bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐adipogenic effects of Garcinia extract on the lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of transcription factor
Authors: Kim Myung‐Sunny , Kim Jin‐Kyung , Kwon Dae‐Young , Park Raekil 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGarcinia extract was used as a potential anti‐obesity agent. In this study, we found that Garcinia extract inhibits the cytoplasmic lipid accumulation as well as adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. The mechanisms that regulate the inhibition of insulin‐induced differentiation by Garcinia extracts include the inhibition of expression of the early adipogenic transcription factor, CCAAT element binding protein (C/EBP)α that regulate adipogenesis. These results suggest that the specific targets of Garcinia extract on differentiation process of 3T3‐L1 cells could be, at least, early adipogenic differentiation factor.
Effect of quercetin conjugates on vascular permeability and expression of adhesion molecules
Authors: Mochizuki Mika , Kajiya Katsuko , Terao Junji , Kaji Kazuhiko , Kumazawa Shigenori , Nakayama Tsutomu , Shimoi Kayoko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractQuercetin and its glucosides exist in plant foods and are recovered in human plasma as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Quercetin and its conjugates show antioxidant activity in model experiments. It remains obscure, however, whether these conjugates retain these biological functions in vivo. We investigated the interaction of quercetin conjugates with lipid bilayers using liposome systems. Less quercetin conjugate was incorporated into liposomes than quercetin aglycone. We also studied the vascular permeability of quercetin‐3‐glucuronide using cell culture inserts. Incubation of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with IL‐1α resulted in increased permeability of quercetin‐3‐glucuronide. Furthermore, quercetin‐3‐glucuronide showed no suppressive effect on TNF‐α‐induced cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) on HAECs. These observations suggest that circulating conjugates of quercetin pass through the endothelium to reach vascular smooth muscle cells and exert their biological effects in the blood vessels during inflammation followed by deconjugation of the conjugates.
Food safety and epidemiology: New database of functional food factors
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Zhuo Xing Gang , Kimira Mitsuru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMore than 600 functional non‐nutrient food factors (FFFs) in vegetables and fruits are considered to be effective for health promotion and disease prevention. However, phytochemicals studied thus far have failed to yield predicted results in randomized intervention studies. To assess the health effects of phytochemicals, a breakthrough in epidemiological methods was necessary.We constructed a database of non‐nutrient FFFs to estimate the chemical classes and total amount of FFF‐intake in order to facilitate estimation and calculation for nutritional research. So far, flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and sulfur compounds are included in our FFF database. We calculated the intake of various phytochemicals per capita from 79 subjects' dietary records by FFF database, and estimated that subjects ingested more than 10 μ mole per day of phytochemicals such as catechin, isoflavones, isothiocyanate, ferulic acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid. Chief component analysis yielded 12 factors (80%), of which only a few factors showed negative associations with serum cholesterol and LDL concentration. Many factors showed adverse relationships with liver function and serum triacylglycerol concentration.Weekly self‐reported daily dietary records including name of dish, constituent foods and their amounts were separately collected for 6 months and analyzed in Kyoto women. Seasonal changes of phytochemical intake showed significant variation according to the seasonal consumption of fruits and vegetables. Lycopene increased in the summer due to watermelon and tomato intake in this season. Seasonal variation of FFF was quite large compared to the variation of macro‐ and micronutrients.Careful evaluation of the effects of FFF intake on health is necessary, especially when supplements are also consumed. The most effective combinations of FFF intake for human health could be elucidated by using our FFF‐DB in conjunction with population‐based cohort studies.
Phytoestrogens, cancer and coronary heart disease
Authors: Adlercreutz Herman , Heinonen Satu‐Maarit , Penalvo‐Garcia José 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent results obtained in collaboration with many other groups with regard to phytoestrogens (isoflavones and lignans) and breast cancer, prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease are presented and discussed in light of new developments in the field. Both isoflavones and lignans may be protective with regard to these diseases, but we do not yet understand some of the controversial results obtained. In this short communication the possible mechanisms of disease prevention were not discussed.
Isoflavones in several clover species and in milk from goats fed clovers
Authors: Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Viala Didier , Ollier Alain , Combeau AndrÉ , Besle Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIsoflavones that exist in forages such as clover can move in milk, and may have beneficial effects on human health. We measured the isoflavones in subterranean (cv Yarloop, Geraldton, Dinninup and Dwalganup) and red (cv Merviot and Hamua) clovers, grown in a mountain environment, and in the milk of two goats fed a fresh mixture of the four subterranean clovers gathered at flowering stage. Isoflavone glycosides were hydrolysed with an improved β glycosidase method. Free aglycones (FA) and the hydrolysed glycosides + free aglycones fraction (HF) were analysed by HPLC. In milk, the methanol extracted compounds were deconjugated and similarly analysed. Total HF was highest in Yarloop (19g kg−1 dry matter) and was three times lower in Merviot. Formononetin was the major compound (46–64% of total HF). FA varied from 30 to 73% of HF. Milk contained formononetin (50 μ L−1), similar amounts of equol and p ethylphenol (about 250 μ L−1), and equol like compounds (1120 μ L−1). Equol, which has estrogenic activity, and p ethylphenol were produced by biotransformation of formononetin, and biochanin A or genistein, respectively. The modulation of isoflavone amounts in milk and the estimation of their interests for human health warrant further investigation.
Green vegetable drink consumption protects peripheral lymphocytes DNA damage in Korean smokers
Authors: Kang Myung‐Hee , Park Yoo Kyoung , Kim Hye‐Young , Kim Tae Seok 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSmoking increases indices of free radical‐mediated damage of DNA which are potential underlying processes in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether 8 weeks of green vegetable drink (Angelica keiskei based juice) supplementation to smokers can be protective against lymphocytic DNA damage. Twenty smokers were given 240 ml of commercially available green vegetable drink every day for 8 weeks. The DNA damage was determined using single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET assay) and the damage was quantified by measuring tail length (TL), tail moment (TM), and percent DNA in tail. Eight weeks of green vegetable drink consumption resulted in a significant in lymphocytes DNA damage in all three measurements; TL, TM and % DNA in tail. These results support the hypothesis that green vegetable drink exerts a cancer‐protective effect via a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA in humans.
Quantitative determination of urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine level in healthy Japanese volunteers
Authors: Miwa Misao , Matsumaru Hiroyuki , Akimoto Yukari , Naito Shigehiro , Ochi Hirotomo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), as a measure of oxidative stress, was measured in healthy Japanese volunteers using an ELISA (New 8‐OHdG Check®, JICA). Analysis of daytime spot urine of 83 healthy male subjects and smoking habit, exercise and age revealed significant correlation only between the urinary level of 8‐OHdG and age. As the inter‐individual variation of 8‐OHdG of the daytime spot urine was relatively high, we next determined inter‐and intra‐individual variation of 5 healthy volunteers. The levels of 8‐OHdG/creatinine in morning spot urine significantly correlated with 8‐OHdG levels in 24‐h pool urine. Thus, a morning spot urine sample can be used for the measurement of 8‐OHdG instead of inconvenient 24‐h sampling.
Comparison of an oxidative stress biomarker “urinary8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine,“ between smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Kanaya Setsuko , Ikeya Masae , Yamamoto Kanako , Moriya Takayo , Furuhashi Keiko , Sonoda Makiko , Goto Koichi , Ochi Hirotomo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA great deal of effort has been made on the effect of oxidative stress for smokers. What seems to be lacking, however, is its evidence. Analyzing 1076 participants (age 35.9 ± 12.9, urinary8‐OHdG Mean ± S.D., 11.4 ± 6.7, n = 1076), our study found the significant increase in a biomarker of DNA damage urinary 8‐OHdG/creatinine among smokers (7.75 ± 2.8 ng/ml × CRE (n = 154) and 7.36 ± 2.5 ng/ml × CRE (n = 627) (p < 0.05), Relative Risk = 2.9 (1.4–6.2) sex and age ± 2 matching 105 male smokers and non‐smokers. There was no significance on the comparison between female smokers and non‐smokers. Smokers have significantly decreased serum alpha‐tocopherol (1012 ± 455, 1152 ± 857, p < 0.03). The amount of serum ascorbate did not change. Smokers lowered serum HDL‐cholesterol compared to non‐smokers (59.3 ± 11.8, 63.9 ± 13.3, p < 0.05). The result of oxidative stress profile (OSP) also indicated that the increase of oxidative stress to smokers (p < 0.05). The calculated value of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of the meal for subjects was 1600 ORAC units.
Phytochemical intake and relationship to past health history in Japanese women
Authors: Melby Melissa K. , Murashima Megumi , Watanabe Shaw 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe calculated functional food factor (FFF) intakes using a new database and examined their relationship to health conditions commonly affecting Japanese women in midlife. One‐day DRs were collected weekly for 6 months from 67 Japanese women, aged 45–55 yr, living in Kyoto prefecture, Japan. Macro‐ and micronutrient and FFF intake were calculated from the resulting 1528 DRs. Factor analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify relationships between FFFs and past health history. Fourteen of 17 FFF factors, as well as age, BMI and menopausal status, exhibited both positive and negative correlations with past history of hypertension, diabetes, allergy, migraine, and menopausal syndrome.
Phase 1 study of multiple biomarkers for metabolism and oxidative stress after one‐week intake of broccoli sprouts
Authors: Murashima Megumi , Watanabe Shaw , Zhuo Xing‐Gang , Uehara Mariko , Kurashige Atsushi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLittle is known about the direct effect of broccoli sprouts on human health. So we investigated the effect of broccoli sprouts on the induction of various biochemical oxidative stress markers. Twelve healthy subjects (6 males and 6 females) consumed fresh broccoli sprouts (100 g/day) for 1 week for a phase 1 study. Before and after the treatment, biochemical examination was conducted and natural killer cell activity, plasma amino acids, plasma PCOOH (phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide), the serum coenzyme Q10, urinary 8‐isoprostane, and urinary 8‐OHdG (8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine) were measured. With treatment, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased, and HDL cholesterol increased significantly. Plasma cystine decreased significantly. All subjects showed reduced PCOOH, 8‐isoprostane and 8‐OHdG, and increased CoQ10H2/CoQ10 ratio. Only one week intake of broccoli sprouts improved cholesterol metabolism and decreased oxidative stress markers.
Antioxidative polyphenols from berries of Pimenta dioica
Authors: Miyajima Yoshiko , Kikuzaki Hiroe , Hisamoto Masashi , Nakatani Nobuji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ethyl acetate‐soluble part of allspice, berries of Pimenta dioica, showed strong antioxidant activity and radical‐scavenging activity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. From the ethyl acetate‐soluble part, two new compounds, 5‐galloyloxy‐3,4‐dihydroxypentanoic acid and 5‐(5‐carboxymethyl‐2‐oxocyclopentyl)‐3Z‐pentenyl 6‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucoside were isolated together with 11 known polyphenols by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and various NMR spectroscopic data.All isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidative effects on oxidation of methyl linoleate under aeration and heating, and on peroxidation of liposome induced by 2,2′‐azobis‐(2‐amidinopropane)dihydrocloride (AAPH) as a water‐soluble initiator along with their radical‐scavenging activity against DPPH. Quercetin and its glycosides showed remarkable activity for scavenging DPPH radical and inhibiting peroxidation of liposome. Two new compounds also exhibited strong DPPH radical‐scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on the peroxidation of liposome as myricetin.
Production and stability of structured lipids from algal oils and capric acid
Authors: Hamam Fayez , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to incorporate capric acid (CA) into selected algal oils, namely arachidoinc acid single cell oil (ARASCO), docosahexaenoic acid single cell oil (DHASCO) and the OMEGA‐GOLD oil rich in dcosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and dosapentaenoic acid (n‐6 DPA). Response surface methodology indicated that under optimum conditions (12.3% enzyme, 45°C, and 29.4 h) CA incorporation was 20.0% into ARASCO; (4.2% enzyme, 43.3°C, and 27.1 h) 22.6% into DHASCO and (2.5% enzyme, 46.6°C and 25.2 h) 20.7% into the OMEGA‐GOLD oil. Stereospecific analysis indicated that in all oils examined CA was mainly located at the sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions of the resultant TAG molecules while the highly unsaturated fatty acids being primarily esterified to the sn‐2 positions of the three oils. In all cases, enzymatically modified oils were more susceptible to oxidation than their unmodified counterparts.
Nutritional analysis of Vietnamese seaweeds for food and medicine
Authors: Hong Dang Diem , Hien Hoang Thi Minh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVietnamese edible marine macro‐algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Vietnamese living in the coastal have traditionally utilized seaweeds species as food supplement and herbal medicine. They consumed seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. As herbal medicine, seaweed is usually used for traditional comestics, treatments for cough, asthma, hemorrhoid, boils, goitres, stomach ailments, urinary diseases, reduce the incidence of tumors, ulcers and headaches. Although Vietnam has an abundance of algae floral with total number of species is estimated to be nearly 1000 spp. in which there are 638 species of marine algae identified. However, there have been no intense study regarding to changes in marine algal chemistry. The fifteen species of edible seaweeds studied in this paper include green, brown and red algae. The proximate compositions as ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fatty acids, vitamines, pigments, macro and micro‐elements were compared among different species examined and the genetic relationships among them by analyzing the species‐specific differences in nucleotide sequences of ITS‐1 region of the ribosomal DNA was identified.
The construction of web database server‐client system for functional food factors
Authors: Zhuo Xing‐Gang , Watanabe Shaw 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn food, other than known nutrients, such as lipid, carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, and minerals, many substances with physiological function and medicinal action exist, and it is contributing to healthy improvement and/or prevention of illness. Although carotenoid, flavonoid and polyphenol, terpenoid, volatile substance and sulfur compounds, peptide, etc. have the function of illness prevention, and research of those non‐nutrient functional food factors (FFF) became globally active, the research of this field is not yet done systematically. We evaluate function of FFF and reappraise known knowledge, and this knowledge is standardized and accumulated, aimed at building a web database server‐client system which is easy to use for the people and nutritional research. We also collected related data such as chemical characters of FFF from literatures and other source, and formatted them into the database. We constructed the web database server‐client system with MySQL database server and Apache web server based on Linux, and used Tomcat JSP engine for data connecting since they were reliable in stability and speed. We are opening the database at http://www.life‐science.jp/FFF for test now.
DNA chip analysis of comprehensive food function: Inhibition of angiogenesis and telomerase activity with unsaturated vitamin E, tocotrienol
Authors: Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Eitsuka Takahiro , Inokuchi Hitoshi , Miyazawa Teruo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInhibition of angiogenesis and telomerase activity with vitamin E compounds, especially for tocotrienol (T3), has been investigated. Nutrigenomic tools have been used for elucidating the bioactive mechanisms of T3. In the cell culture experiments, T3 reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐stimulated tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Among T3 isomers, δ‐T3 appeared the highest activity. The T3 inhibited the new blood vessels formation on the growing chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM assay for an in vivo model of angiogenesis). In contrast, tocopherol did not. The findings suggested that the T3 has potential use for reducing angiogenic disorder. DNA chip analysis revealed that T3 specifically down‐regulates the expression of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in endothelial cells. It is well‐known that VEGF regulates angiogenesis by binding to VEGFR. Therefore, T3 could block the intracellular signaling of VEGF via down‐regulation of VEGFR, which resulted in the inhibition of angiogenesis. On the other hand, DNA chip analysis also revealed that T3 down‐regulates the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cultured HUVEC. Since PKC is involved with the control of telomerase activity, T3 has potential to act as anti‐telomerase inhibitor via PKC inhibition. In this manner, DNA chip technology provides efficient access to genetic information regarding food function and its mechanism.
DNA microarray analyses of the effects of dietary proteins
Authors: Kato Hisanori , Narasaka Sachiko , Endo Yoshie , Abe Keiko , Arai Soichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDietary proteins and amino acids serve not only as a building block for body components but also as regulators of a variety of body functions. A great many of the functions of ingested proteins, their peptide fragments, and amino acids have been characterized and some have been brought to practical application. Using a GeneChip DNA microarray system, we first compared the gene expression profiles among rats fed on 12% casein, 12% gluten, and protein‐free diets for one week. The results revealed that a few hundred genes in the liver and muscle were up‐ or down‐regulated by more than two‐fold after feeding of the gluten or the protein‐free diet. Interesting findings included the induction of genes for synthesis and catabolism of cholesterol by gluten feeding. In addition, we performed a study to examine the effect of the consumption of an enzymatically produced, hypoallergenic wheat flour on gene expression profiles in rats. The results confirmed the safety of this novel food product.
Gene expression profiling of cranial sensory ganglia that transmit food intake stimuli
Authors: Matsumoto Ichiro , Nakamura Shugo , Emori Yasufumi , Arai Soichi , Abe Keiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPeripheral cranial sensory nerves projecting into the oral cavity receive food intake stimuli and transmit sensory signals to the central nervous system. They are derived from four cranial sensory ganglia, trigeminal, geniculate, petrosal, and nodose ganglia, each of which contains multiple kinds of sensory neurons with different cell morphologies and neuronal properties. We investigated the complex properties of these neurons from the viewpoint of gene expression using DNA microarrays. The 498 genes were selected from a total of 8,740 genes as showing tissue‐dependent expression on the microarray by hierarchical cluster analysis, in which several genes known to be differentially expressed in cranial sensory ganglia are included. This suggests that DNA microarray cluster analysis revealed a number of characteristic genes for sensory neurons in these ganglia. Among the selected 498 genes, 44 genes are associated with neurotransmission, such as neuropeptides, their receptors, and vesicle transport, and 26 are ion channels regulating membrane potentials. The identification of a number of genes related directly to neural properties indicates that these sensory ganglia contain heterogeneous types of neurons with different neural properties.
Resveratrol inhibits phorbol ester‐induced cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in mouse skin: MAPKs and AP‐1 as potential molecular targets
Authors: Kundu Joydeb Kumar , Chun Kyung‐Soo , Kim Sue O. , Surh Young‐Joon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMultiple lines of evidence from laboratory studies suggest that resveratrol, a polyphenolic antioxidant present in grapes, has potent chemopreventive activity. Resveratrol has been reported to inhibit chemically‐induced carcinogenesis in mouse skin, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Since an abnormally elevated level of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been implicated in carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced COX‐2 expression in mouse skin. Pretreatment of dorsal skin of female ICR mice with resveratrol inhibited TPA‐induced COX‐2 expression in a dose dependent manner. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying COX‐2 inhibition by resveratrol, we examined its effect on TPA‐induced activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and transcription factors which regulate COX‐2 expression. Resveratrol pretreatment resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) as well as the catalytic activity of ERK and p38 MAPK. In addition, resveratrol prevented TPA‐induced DNA binding of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1). Taken together, suppression of COX‐2 expression by blocking the activation of MAPKs and AP‐1 may represent possible molecular mechanisms responsible for previously reported anti‐tumor promoting effects of resveratrol on mouse skin carcinogenesis.