bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection as a cause of early relapse in patients recovering from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Illoh Orieji C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but severe disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, renal failure, and neurologic manifestations. Plasma exchange is the most effective treatment for this condition reducing mortality from 90% in untreated patients to 10%. However, infections acquired during the course of therapy could lead to early relapse of TTP. In this case report, we report three patients with TTP who initially responded well to plasma exchange treatments but suffered early relapses following bacterial infections. All these patients achieved remission once appropriate antibiotic therapy was instituted although one patient eventually received four courses of rituximab. This report emphasizes the need to be vigilant for new infections especially urinary tract infections in TTP patients undergoing plasma exchange. Instituting appropriate antibiotic therapy once an infection is suspected may reduce the need for prolonged plasma exchange procedures and extended hospital stay. J. Clin. Apheresis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interfacing Q‐Chem and CHARMM to perform QM/MM reaction path calculations
Authors: Woodcock H. Lee , Hodošček Milan , Gilbert Andrew T. B. , Gill Peter M. W. , Schaefer Henry F. , Brooks Bernard R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential energy function with Hartree‐Fock, density functional theory (DFT), and post‐HF (RIMP2, MP2, CCSD) capability has been implemented in the CHARMM and Q‐Chem software packages. In addition, we have modified CHARMM and Q‐Chem to take advantage of the newly introduced replica path and the nudged elastic band methods, which are powerful techniques for studying reaction pathways in a highly parallel (i.e., parallel/parallel) fashion, with each pathway point being distributed to a different node of a large cluster. To test our implementation, a series of systems were studied and comparisons were made to both full QM calculations and previous QM/MM studies and experiments. For instance, the differences between HF, DFT, MP2, and CCSD QM/MM calculations of H2O···H2O, H2O···Na+, and H2O···Cl− complexes have been explored. Furthermore, the recently implemented polarizable Drude water model was used to make comparisons to the popular TIP3P and TIP4P water models for doing QM/MM calculations. We have also computed the energetic profile of the chorismate mutase catalyzed Claisen rearrangement at various QM/MM levels of theory and have compared the results with previous studies. Our best estimate for the activation energy is 8.20 kcal/mol and for the reaction energy is −23.1 kcal/mol, both calculated at the MP2/6‐31+G(d)//MP2/6‐31+G(d)/C22 level of theory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Coarse‐graining of protein structures for the normal mode studies
Authors: Eom Kilho , Baek Seung‐Chul , Ahn Jung‐Hee , Na Sungsoo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe coarse‐grained structural model such as Gaussian network has played a vital role in the normal mode studies for understanding protein dynamics related to biological functions. However, for the large proteins, the Gaussian network model is computationally unfavorable for diagonalization of Hessian (stiffness) matrix for the normal mode studies. In this article, we provide the coarse‐graining method, referred to as “dynamic model condensation,” which enables the further coarse‐graining of protein structures consisting of small number of residues. It is shown that the coarser‐grained structures reconstructed by dynamic model condensation exhibit the dynamic characteristics, such as low‐frequency normal modes, qualitatively comparable to original structures. This sheds light on that dynamic model condensation and may enable one to study the large protein dynamics for gaining insight into biological functions of proteins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Cytomegalovirus as a frequent cause of Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Schmitz H. , Enders G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 10 patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome a preceeding cytomegalovirus infection could be demonstrated by virus‐specific IgM antibodies that were present in high titers in 9 of the 10 patients in the first serum specimen. The IgM antibodies to cytomegalovirus were detected by a sensitive “double” indirect immunofluorescence technique. In most of our cases (8 of 10) the complement‐fixing antibody titers had already reached high levels on admission into a hospital, and significant titer changes were not observed. Cytomegalovirus was isolated from the urine of five patients.
A study of the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis admitted to an infectious diseases hospital
Authors: Birch C. J. , Lewis F. A. , Kennett M. L. , Homola M. , Pritchard H. , Gust I. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a 12 month survey of infants and children with gastroenteritis admitted to Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, rotavirus was found in approximately 42% of patients. This virus was detected more often during the winter months, particularly in children aged between 12 months and 3 years. Detection of rotavirus by electron microscopy was found to be more sensitive than by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Routine bacterial and viral studies revealed that bacterial pathogens and common enteric viruses were associated with relatively few cases of gastroenteritis. There is little doubt that rotavirus is the most important aetiological agent of acute gastroenteritis in young children in Melbourne.
Solid‐phase microtiter radioimmunoassay for detection of the Norwalk strain of acute nonbacterial, epidemic gastroenteritis virus and its antibodies
Authors: Greenberg Harry B. , Wyatt Richard G. , Valdesuso Jose , Kalica Anthony R. , London William T. , Chanock Robert M. , Kapikian Albert Z. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of microtiter solid‐phase radioimmunoassays for the detection of Norwalk antigen and its antibody is described. The tests are simple to perform and are sensitive and specific. The test for antigen can be used on crude stool filtrates and suspensions. Both tests are at least as sensitive as immune electron microscopy and more sensitive than immune adherence assay.
Thermal treatment and infectivity of hepatitis A virus in human feces
Authors: Peterson D. A. , Wolfe L. G. , Larkin E. P. , Deinhardt F. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe susceptibility of white‐lipped marmoset monkeys (Saguinus sp) to human hepatitis A virus (HAV) provides a system for evaluation of thermal inactivation of HAV in feces and contaminated shellfish. Intramuscular or oral administration of HAV derived from feces of four patients with acute hepatitis A induced hepatitis in 28–100% of the inoculated marmosets. A 10% (w/v) fecal pool (GBG‐BM) prepared from two patients (GBG and GBM) induced hepatitis in marmosets (2/4 with 1 ml; 2/2 with 3 ml) when given orally as a 1:3 dilution. A HAV‐baby food raw oyster mixture fed to fasted marmosets induced hepatitis in 1/4 and seroconversion in 2/4 animals. Two groups of oysters were injected with HAV (concentrated 3:1 by centrifugation of the GBG‐BM pool); one group was treated at 140°F for 19 minutes and the other served as an untreated control. In animals fed the untreated inoculum, 4/6 developed hepatitis and 6/6 seroconverted, whereas of those fed the heattreated inoculum 1/7 developed hepatitis and 2/7 seroconverted. These data suggest that pasteurization methods could be developed that would eliminate shellfish‐associated hepatitis A and retain the palatability of the shellfish.
Hepatitis B virus DNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissue
Authors: Summers Jesse , O'Connell Anna , Maupas Philippe , Goudeau Alain , Coursaget Pierre , Drucker Jacques 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTumour, cirrhotic, and metastatic tissues from four patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma have been investigated for the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA by nucleic acid hybridization.Tumours from two of three patients with a current HBV infection contained 1–2 genomes per cell of unintegrated viral DNA, while tumours from the third HBs antigen‐positive patient contained less than one genome equivalent per ten cells. A tumour from one patient with anti‐HBs contained no detectable HBV DNA.A variety of models involving HBV as an etiologic agent may be advanced to explain the statistical correlation of HBV infection with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The data presented here argue against the model that HBV DNA integrated into every cell is required to maintain the oncogenic transformation of hepatocytes, but they do not rule out other models.
Determination of coronavirus 229E antibody by an immune‐adherence hemagglutination method
Authors: Gerna Giuseppe , Achilli Giorgio , Cattaneo Ercole , Cereda Paolo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn immune‐adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) method for coronavirus 229E antibody determination has been developed both for diagnosis of recent infections and for detection of long‐past infections. Results have been compared with those obtained by complement fixation (CF), neutralization (Nt), and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests. The IAHA method has been shown to be as sensitive as the CF, Nt, and IHA tests in detecting cases of acute 229E infection. However, in a seroepidemiological survey of 343 healthy people of all ages, IAHA detected 229E antibody in 254 individuals (74.0%), Nt in 166 (48.3%), IHA in 89 (25.9%), and CF in 30 (8.7%). A study of the prevalence of coronavirus 229E IAHA antibody in the different age groups has shown that during the second decade of life nearly 100% of the population acquire this type of antibody, whereas only 50% are positive at the end of the first decade. In the older age groups, the high frequency of CF antibody (“marker” of recent infection) indirectly confirms the high rate of 229E reinfections and the nonprotective nature of IAHA antibody. CF titer ⩾ 1:8 in 90% of cases corresponded to IAHA titers ⩾ 1:64. However, sera with IAHA titers of ⩾ 1:128 were often CF‐negative. Recent 229E infections (or reinfections), as determined by the presence of CF antibody, were more frequent in April‐May than in October‐November. Three cases of acute infection showing 229E seroconversion (two adults and one child) were observed during the winter‐spring season. IAHA appears to be the test of choice for seroepidemiological surveys.
Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection in end stage renal disease
Authors: Betts Robert F. , Cestero Rafael V. M. , Freeman Richard B. , Douglas R. Gordon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a cause of morbidity among renal transplant recipients, we undertook a prospective study of our maintenance hemodialysis patients and personnel to determine whether these sources posed a risk for transmission of CMV. Our study of 85 patients and 49 personnel showed that CMV was detected in eight nontransplanted, older dialysis patients and 13 patients who had lost their allograft. In spite of the presence of CMV on the unit, no patient or staff member developed primary infection from interpersonal transmission or from transfused frozen red blood cells. All primary infections in renal transplant patients could be accounted for by acquisition from the transplanted kidney, thus eliminating the dialysis unit or frozen blood as a risk to either patients or personnel.
Comparative studies of five strains of mumps virus in vitro and in neonatal hamsters: evaluation of growth, cytopathogenicity, and neurovirulence
Authors: McCarthy Micheline , Jubelt Burk , Fay Dianne B. , Johnson Richard T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe growth and Cytopathogenicity of five strains of mumps virus were examined in six types of cell cultures and in neonatal hamsters. These strains included the MJ and RW strains, both recent cerebrospinal fluid isolates; the neuroadapted Kilham strain; the Enders strain adapted to chick embryo; and the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain adapted to chick cell culture. The MJ, RW, and Kilham strains all produced infectious virus without restriction in vitro, but the RW strain did not cause obvious cytopathic effect; the MJ and Kilham strains were cytopathic. The Enders and Jeryl Lynn strains adapted to chick embryo cells were cytopathic and productive in chick cell culture but were restricted in ability to grow productively in vitro on mammalian cell types, even failing to produce noninfectious particles in some cases. In vitro Cytopathogenicity was a host‐independent property of a specific virus strain, but the type of cytopathic effect manifest in culture (eg, fusion, cytoplasmic vacuoles) depended on both the strain and the host cell. The ability of a virus strain to invade the brain parenchyma and infect neurons in vivo appeared to correlate with the strain's Cytopathogenicity and not with passage history or adaptive status.
Infectivity liters of enterovirus as found in human stools
Authors: Melnick J. L. , Rennick V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractData have been gathered and collated from a variety of sources both published and unpublished, dealing with the concentration of enteroviruses in human stools. For polioviruses, a general range of 3.0–6.5 log10TCD50* per gram of stool was reported, whereas for coxsackieviruses and echoviruses the range has been from 2.0–5.5 log10TCD50. As human stools average about 100 gm, it is not unusual for an infected person to excrete as much as 10–300 million TCD50of virus daily.The results of enterovirus titrations are significantly affected by the types of cultures in which the tests are conducted. With certain kinds of cultures (eg, human kidney for polioviruses), comparative tests showed titers to be at least one log unit higher per gram of stool than the titers of the same strains titrated in monkey kidney cultures. Since almost all of the titrations included in this report were carried out in monkey kidney cultures, the concentration of virus in many cases may be assumed to be ten times higher than that reported.Some of the data collected also contributed information on the duration of enterovirus excretion. These data reemphasize the fact that a person in the course of an asymptomatic enterovirus infection may excrete the virus over a period of many weeks, with about 50% of those infected continuing to shed virus into the third and fourth weeks of infection.
Hepatitis b surface antigen production as a growth cycle‐related terminal event in plc/prf/5 hepatoma cells
Authors: Copeland Jennifer A. , Skelly Jacinta , Mann George F. , Howard Colin R. , Zuckerman Arie J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe dynamics of hepatitis B surface antigen production by PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells were studied using a quantitative radioimmunoassay method. Maximum rates of antigen production were found in nutrient‐depleted, non‐dividing cultures and were temporally related to cytological changes preceding cell death. These results indicate that antigen production may be cell‐cycle related and represent a terminal event.
Human infection by a bovine strain of parainfluenza virus type 3
Authors: Ben‐Ishai Z. , Naftali V. , Avram A. , Yatziv S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEtiological relationship between a bovine strain of parainfluenza virus type 3 and pneumonia in a child is suggested. Haemagglutination inhibition tests have clearly demonstrated that specific antibodies against the bovine virus were present in the patient's serum. The significance of this finding in relation to human infection is discussed.
Inhibition of influenza a virus replication by rifampicin and selenocystamine
Authors: And Mansoor Hamzehei , Ledinko Nada 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of selenocystamine, an inhibitor of influenza virus RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase in vitro activity, and the antibiotic rifampicin were studied on influenza A/PR/8/34 (HON1) infection in embryonated eggs. Both drugs completely inhibited hemagglutinating and infective virus yields when added at relatively early times postinfection. Maximal inhibition was produced by apparently noncytotoxic concentrations of 50 m̈g of selenocystamine, or of 400 m̈g of rifampicin, per egg.
Antibody reactive in antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity following influenza virus vaccination
Authors: Vella Stefano , Rocchi Giovanni , Resta Silvia , Marcelli Marcello , Felici Annapaola De 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe antibody reactive in antibody‐dependent, cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to influenza virus‐infected cells was measured in two groups of seven volunteers each, before and after immunization with inactivated or live attenuated A/Victoria/3/75 influenza virus vaccines. Age‐matched controls were seven adult individuals who experienced natural influenza infection due to A/Victoria/3/75‐like virus strain.After inactivated whole influenza virus immunization all the subjects showed a significant rise of the antibody reactive in ADCC (from a mean value of 4.7% to 17.1% cytotoxicity, before and 5 weeks after immunization, respectively) as well as of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody (fourfold or greater increase). These immune responses were similar to those observed among naturally infected controls. After live attenuated virus vaccination, no significant increase in titer of antibody reactive in ADCC was detected, even though the vaccine induced significant increase of HI antibody titer.Little correlation was found between ADCC and HI antibody rises in sera of recipients of inactivated virus vaccine and of naturally infected individuals, while, in live attenuated influenza virus vaccinees, the rise of HI antibody titer did not correspond to a significant increase of ADCC antibody titer; several subjects who developed a significant rise in ADCC antibody titer did not show significant variation in antibody to neuraminidase and/or to complement fixation influenza virus antigens.
Characterization of candidate adenovirus 37 by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virion pplypeptides and DNA restriction site mapping
Authors: Wadell Göran , Sundell Gunnar , De Jong Jan C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new human adenovirus has been isolated from patients with keratoconjunctivitis and/or genital infection since 1976. This adenovirus, designated candidate adenovirus 37 (Ad 37) is serologically distinct but related to Ad 10, 13, 19, and 30 (see the accompanying paper by de Jong et al). SDS‐Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ad 37 virion polypeptides showed that this adenovirus is a member of subgroup D. DNA restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from Ad 37 and related serotypes belonging to subgroup D showed that Ad 37 is a new genome type belonging to subgroup D but clearly distinct from the 20 serotypes classified into this subgroup.
Immunogenicity of influenza A/USSR (H1N1) subunit vaccine in unprimed young adults
Authors: Frank Arthur L. , Paul Glezen W. , Cate Thomas R. , Webster Robert G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurified subunit vaccines (HANAflu) containing 20 /xg of hemagglutinin of influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) alone or with 1–5% whole virus were compared to commercially available vaccines for reactogenicity and immunogenicity in unprimed young adults. Reactions to all vaccines were minimal. Sera from volunteers who received two intramuscular doses of vaccine or placebo were tested by hemagglutination‐inhibition and neutralization tests. HANAflu with 1 m̈g (5%) whole virus added was not different in immunogenicity from commercial vaccine. Both commercial vaccine and HANAflu with 1 m̈g whole virus added gave higher seroconversion rates and more neutralization titers ≥ 4 log2 than HANAflu alone and HANAflu + 0.2 m̈g (1%) whole virus. Thus, the HANAflu subunit vaccine alone was less immunogenic than commercial vaccine in unprimed persons. However, addition of 1 m̈g (5%) whole virus, but not 0.2 m̈g (1%), eliminated this difference. There may be a role for addition of small amounts of whole virus to subunit influenza vaccines to overcome lower immunogenicity in unprimed populations.
The risk of nosocomial hepatitis A and B virus infections from patients under care without isolation precaution
Authors: Papaevangelou George J. , Roumeliotou‐Karayannis Anastasia J. , Contoyannis Panayotis C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe risk of nosocomial viral hepatitis cross‐infection was investigated in a prospective study of 248 adult patients hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Athens for acute viral hepatitis. They were followed‐up clinically, biochemically, and serologically for 100 to 250 days after admission to the Hospital. Commercially available radioimmunoassays were used for the detection of the surface antigen of HBV (HBsAg), its antibody (Anti‐HBs), the antibody to the core of the HBV (Anti‐HBc), and the IgG and IgM antibodies to the HAV. Clinical, biochemical, or serological indications of hospital cross‐infection were not detected in any of the 21 susceptibles to HAV infection or among the 46 susceptibles to HBV infection during the follow‐up period, although all of them had ample opportunity for cross‐infection through close contact to acutely ill patients. These data provide further evidence that HBV and HAV are not easily transmitted from patients hospitalized for acute viral hepatitis to other susceptible patients sharing wards, and indicate that there is need for reconsideration of the present strategy of hospitalization and care of acutely ill viral hepatitis patients.
Detection of measles antigen in conjunctival epithelial lesions staining by lissamine green during measles virus infection
Authors: Nommensen F. E. , Dekkers N. W. H. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a study in Kenya of corneal lesions occurring in children with measles virus infection, conjunctival lesions of a characteristic appearance were seen concomitant with the rash. The lesions became visible after staining by Lissamine green or Rose Bengal.In order to investigate whether these lesions were virus‐induced, paired biopsies were performed on the conjunctiva of five measles patients. One biopsy was taken of a staining lesion; the other one, taken of nonstaining conjunctiva of the same eye, served as control.Measles‐specific immunofluorescence on cryostate sections of the biopsies showed that in all patients the antigen occurred in the conjunctival epithelial cell layer in the staining lesions only.The coincidence of epithelial staining and presence of measles antigen suggests a viral origin of the conjunctival lesion. Fluorescent antibody technique on cryostate sections proved to be a suitable method to demonstrate the presence of virus where isolation fails and serology is not applicable.
The spread and persistence of influenza viruses in normal and cyclophosphamide‐treated mice
Authors: Abou‐Donia H. , Jennings R. , Potter C. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe persistence and extrapulmonary spread of three strains of influenza virus, the mouse neuro‐adapted A/NWS virus, the wild‐type strain A/Victoria/75, and a recombinant virus RIT4050, bearing surface antigens derived from A/ Victoria/75, were studied in both normal and cyclophosphamide‐treated CBA mice following either intranasal or intracerebral inoculation. All three viruses showed increased lethality in mice in the presence of cyclophosphamide but exhibited distinctive patterns of replication and spread. The recombinant virus RIT4050 showed a reduced ability to replicate, persist, and spread in CBA mice compared to either A/NWS or A/Victoria/7 5 viruses, and in general, the A/NWS virus persisted to a greater extent than the A/Victoria/75 virus in both normal and treated mice. However, in the presence of cyclophosphamide, no extrapulmonary spread of A/NWS virus was observed. The reasons for the differences are discussed.