bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-tandem insight from basic science combined with clinical research: CD38 as both marker and key component of the pathogenetic network underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Deaglio Silvia , Vaisitti Tiziana , Aydin Semra , Ferrero Enza , Malavasi Fabio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe absence of mutations in the IgV genes, together with the presence of ZAP-70 and CD38, are the most reliable negative prognostic markers for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Several lines of evidence indicate that CD38 may be not only a diagnostic marker but also a key element in the pathogenetic network in CLL. First, CD38 is a receptor that induces proliferation and increases survival of CLL cells. Second, CD38 signals start upon interaction with the CD31 ligand expressed by stromal and nurse-like cells. Third, CD38/CD31 contacts up-regulate CD100, a semaphorin involved in sustaining CLL growth. Fourth, evidence that nurselike cells express high levels of CD31 and plexin-B1, the high-affinity ligand for CD100, offers indirect confirmation for this model of receptor cross-talk. Elements of variation in the clinical course of CD38+ CLL patients include (1) potential intersection with ZAP-70, a kinase involved in the CD38 signaling pathway in T and natural killer (NK) cells, and (2) the effects of genetic polymorphisms of the receptors involved, at least of CD38 and CD31. Consequently, CD38 together with ZAP-70 appear to be the key elements of a coreceptor pathway that may sustain the signals mediated by the B-cell receptor and potentially by chemokines and their receptors. This would result in acquisition of increased survival potential, providing clues to the poorer prognosis of CD38+ patients.
Identifying temporal variation in reported births, deaths and movements of cattle in Britain
Authors: Robinson Susan E , Christley Rob M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
The accuracy of predicting disease occurrence using epidemic models relies on an understanding of the system or population under investigation. At the time of the Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) outbreak of 2001, there were limited reports in the literature as to the cattle population structure in Britain. In this paper we examine the temporal patterns of cattle births, deaths, imports and movements occurring within Britain, reported to the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) through the British Cattle Movement service (BCMS) during the period 1st January 2002 to 28th February 2005.

Results
In Britain, the number of reported cattle births exhibit strong seasonality characterised by a large spring peak followed by a smaller autumn peak. Other event types also exhibit strong seasonal trends; both the reported number of cattle slaughtered and "on-farm" cattle deaths increase during the final part of the year. After allowing for seasonal components by smoothing the data, we illustrate that there is very little remaining non-seasonal trend in the number of cattle births, "on-farm" deaths, slaughterhouse deaths, on- and off-movements. However after allowing for seasonal fluctuations the number of cattle imports has been decreasing since 2002. Reporting of movements, births and deaths was more frequent on certain days of the week. For instance, greater numbers of cattle were slaughtered on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. Evidence for digit preference was found in the reporting of births and "on-farm" deaths with particular bias towards over reporting on the 1st, 10th and 20th of each month.

Conclusion
This study provides insight into the population and movement dynamics of the British cattle population. Although the population is in constant flux, seasonal and long term trends can be identified in the number of reported births, deaths and movements of cattle. Incorporating this temporal variation in epidemic disease modelling may result in more accurate model predictions and may usefully inform future surveillance strategies.
From recommendation to action: psychosocial factors influencing physician intention to use Health Technology Assessment (HTA) recommendations
Authors: Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Sánchez Emília , Pons Joan MV 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Evaluating the impact of recommendations based upon health technology assessment (HTA) represents a challenge for both HTA agencies and healthcare policy-makers. Using a psychosocial theoretical framework, this study aimed at exploring the factors affecting physician intention to adopt HTA recommendations. The selected recommendations were prioritisation systems for patients on waiting lists for two surgical procedures: hip and knee replacement and cataract surgery.

Methods
Determinants of physician intention to use HTA recommendations for patient prioritisation were assessed by a questionnaire based upon the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour. A total of 96 physicians from two medical specialties (ophthalmology and orthopaedic surgery) responded to the questionnaire (response rate 44.2%). A multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to assess differences between medical specialties on the set of theoretical variables. Given the main effect difference between specialties, two regression models were tested separately to assess the psychosocial determinants of physician intention to use HTA recommendations for the prioritisation of patients on waiting lists for surgical procedures.

Results
Factors influencing physician intention to use HTA recommendations differ between groups of specialists. Intention to use the prioritisation system for patients on waiting lists for cataract surgery among ophthalmologists was related to attitude towards the behaviour, social norms, as well as personal normative beliefs. Intention to use HTA recommendations for patient prioritisation for hip and knee replacement among orthopaedic surgeons was explained by: perception of conditions that facilitated the realisation of the behaviour, personal normative beliefs, and habit of using HTA recommendations in clinical work.

Conclusion
This study offers a model to assess factors influencing the intention to adopt recommendations from health technology assessment into professional practice. Results identify determinant factors that should be considered in the elaboration of strategies to support the implementation of evidence-based practice, with respect to emerging health technologies and modalities of practice. However, it is important to emphasise that behavioural determinants of evidence-based practice vary according to the specific technology considered. Evidence-based implementation of HTA recommendations, as well as other evidence-based practices, should build on a theoretical understanding of the complex forces that shape the practice of healthcare professionals.
Insulin Differentially Regulates Monocyte and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Functions in Healthy Young and Elderly Humans
Authors: Walrand Stéphane , Guillet Christelle , Boirie Yves , Vasson Marie-Paule 
Published: April 2006

AbstractContext: Insulin can regulate immune cell function. Aging is associated with various degrees of insulin resistance together with reduced immune cell activity.Objective: We investigated the hypothesis that blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are less responsive to the action of insulin in elderly subjects.Design-Intervention: We evaluated the effect of hyperinsulinemia (0.7 mU/kg−1 fat-free mass per minute−1) on monocyte and PMN activity using a 4-h euglycemic clamp technique.Participants: Eight young (24 ± 6 yr old) and nine elderly (69 ± 4 yr old) healthy volunteers participated in the study.Main Outcome Measures: Monocyte and PMN receptor expression and density were measured using flow cytometric detection. PMN chemotaxis toward formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) was evaluated using a two-compartment chamber. PMN and monocyte phagocytosis was determined by measuring the engulfment of opsonized particles. Microbicidal functions were determined based on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bactericidal protein by stimulated cells.Results: The density of PMN and monocyte insulin receptors was not affected by age or insulin clamp treatment regardless of the age. Insulin was able to regulate the expression of receptors involved in PMN action in the young-adult group only. PMN chemotaxis was up-regulated by insulin in both groups. In contrast, although insulin stimulated phagocytosis and bactericidal activity in young-adult subjects, the ability of PMN to adapt to physiological hyperinsulinemia was blunted in the older group. The effect of insulin on monocyte bactericidal properties seemed to be limited, although a suppressive action on fMLP-induced ROS production was detected in young adults.Conclusions: We confirmed the presence of the insulin receptor on monocyte and PMN membranes. We revealed that insulin has a limited action on monocyte function. Insulin has a priming effect on the main PMN functions. Immune cell function adapted poorly to insulin infusion in the elderly subjects.
Introduction of Different Groups to α- and β-Positions of Cyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones via [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition with Ketene Silyl Acetals Followed by Electrode Reaction
Authors: Mitani Michiharu , Osakabe Yosinari , Hamano Junji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The photoadducts of cyclic conjugated enones with ketene silyl acetals and silyl enol ether were subjected to electrolysis to bring about the oxidative cleavage of the Si-O bond, which induced the collapse of the cyclobutane ring to perform the introduction of the different groups to both positions of the ene moieties of the enones.
Stereo-Selectivity and Hindrance in the Ligand-Exchange of the Complex, [(CyS)Cu(II)(H−1X-Gly)]2−, with Cysteine Diastereomers. X; l-Amino Acid Residues
Authors: Hanaki Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Stopped-flow kinetic studies were carried out on the stereo-selectivity and hindrance in the ligand-exchange of the ternary complex, [(CyS)Cu(II)(H−1X-Gly)]2− with cysteine diastereomers, where X represented l-amino acid resudues. The rate of ligand-exchange with the d-diastereomer was approximately 1.7 fold faster than that of the l-diastereomer. The complexes with aspartyl, asparaginyl and threonyl residues were labile for the ligand-exchange.
Preparation of Binuclear Octaethylporphinatoruthenium(II) Complexes Bridged with Diaza Compounds and Their Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Endo Akira , Okamoto Yosihiro , Suzuki Kaoru , Shimamura Jun-ichi , Shimizu Kunio , Satô Gen P 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Binuclear octaethylporphinatoruthenium(II) complexes bridged with five diaza compounds (L), [{RuII(oep)(CO)}2(μ-L)] (H2oep = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphin) have been synthesized. They are oxidized through two two-electron steps at a platinum electrode in CH2Cl2.
Reinvestigation of the Lewis Acid-mediated Reaction of 3-Aryl-substituted Allyltin Reagents toward Aldehydes. Divergent Stereocontrol of the Product by Lewis Acids
Authors: Nishigaichi Yutaka , Takuwa Akio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
3-Arylallyltin reagents including cinnamyltin stereoselectively gave anti-adducts in the ZnCl2-mediated reaction toward aldehydes in a donating solvent via the 6-membered cyclic transition state. In contrast, the BF3-mediated reaction gave syn-adducts via the acyclic transition state. The present result corrects the previously reported stereochermcal determination of the BF3-mediated product.
Reactions of 1-Ferrocenyl and 1,1′-Ferrocenediyl Platinum Complexes with Copper Acetylide. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of a Novel 1,1′-Ferrocenediyl Pt2Cu3 Acetylide Complex
Authors: Tanaka Shigeaki , Yoshida Toshiya , Adachi Tomohiro , Yoshida Toshikatsu , Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Sonogashira Kenkichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Treatment of 1,1′-bis{chloro(η4-cyclooctadiene)platinio}ferrocene with excess phenylacetylene and CuI in diethylamine/acetone results in the formation of a novel 1,1′-ferrocenediyl Pt2Cu3 acetylide complex (4), of which structure is characterized by an X-ray diffraction analysis. Similar treatment of 1,1′-bis{phenylethynyl(η4-cyclooctadiene)platinio}ferrocene also gave complex 4. The reaction of 1-{chloro(η4-cyclooctadiene)platinio}ferrocene or 1-{phenylethynyl(η4-cyclooctadiene)platinio}ferrocene affords a Pt2Cu4 acetylide complex.
Observation of Crystallization of Vapor-deposited TPD Films by AFM and FFM
Authors: Han Eun-mi , Do Lee-mi , Niidome Yasuro , Fujihira Masamichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The morphological change of vapor-deposited TPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine) films, used as the hole transport layer of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices, on a glass plate was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM) in an ambient atmosphere. The TPD film was flat and amorphous as deposited, but was crystallized partially about a week later. By friction force loop measurement, we found that the bare glass surface was revealed between the crystals and between the amorphous film and the crystal due to mass transport for crystallization of TPD from the amorphous film.
Whole-Core Analysis—Experience and Challenges
Authors: Honarpour M. M. , Djabbarah N. F. , Sampath K. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
Whole-core analysis is critical for characterizing directional permeability in heterogeneous, fractured, and/or anisotropic rocks. Whole-core measurements are essential for heterogeneous reservoirs because small-scale heterogeneity may not be appropriately represented in plug measurements. For characterization of multiphase-flow properties (special core analysis) in heterogeneous rocks, whole-core analysis is also required.
Few commercial laboratories are equipped to conduct routine measurements on whole cores up to 4 in. in diameter and up to 8 in. long and, importantly, under simulated reservoir net confining stress (NCS). Special whole-core analyses are rarely conducted because of the difficulties associated with establishing a representative water saturation in drainage capillary pressure experiments and measuring directional effective permeabilities. Electrical properties also can be measured on whole cores to determine porosity and saturation exponents for situations in which resistivity tools are used in horizontal or highly deviated wells.
In this paper, we provide an overview of routine and special core-analysis measurements on whole cores. Results from selected heterogeneous sandstone and carbonate rocks will be discussed. We also will show how the results relate to data obtained from plug analysis, with particular emphasis on directional absolute permeability, trapped-gas and fluid saturations, and the effect of NCS. Finally, we will describe a novel apparatus for special core analysis on whole cores and provide examples of the capabilities of the system.
In this paper, we will present:
Recommended techniques for the determination of directional absolute and effective permeability and for establishing initial water saturation in whole cores. Improved understanding of the effect of scale (sample size) on the measured properties. Description of a novel whole-core apparatus with measurement of fluid-saturation distribution using in-situ saturation monitoring.
Formulation of Capillary Force Barriers in Moderately Oil-Wet Systems and Their Application to Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Muneta Y. , Mubarak M. , Alhassani H. , Arisaka K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAs a common production aspect of the Thamama formation (a carbonate reservoir) in both onshore and offshore Abu Dhabi fields, unexpected early-water breakthrough through specific high-permeability layers without a clearly impermeable layer underneath has been observed in several water-injection schemes. Observed field data such as pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logs indicate the absence of injected water slumping away from wellbores. The concept of capillary force barriers was introduced a decade ago to resolve this issue, in which the role of capillary pressure forces on crossflow in stratified layers is modeled.1–3This paper tries to revisit and fine-tune the concept of capillary force barrier and model hysteresis expected in a moderately oil-wet system. First, some measurements of special core analysis and related interpretations are presented in which the results are analytically formulated by a published methodology to generate saturation functions consistent with hysteresis using an assumption of wettability.4An application of the formulation to numerical reservoir simulation was carried out in a systematic manner because the reservoir-rock-type (RRT) scheme of the model was based on primary-drainage curves that can be fully linked with the generated saturation functions. It is demonstrated on cross sections how small differences in imbibition capillary pressures can affect the water movement across contrasting RRT boundaries in a moderately oil-wet system.The proposed formulation is an effective tool for generalizing saturation functions related to matrix properties in a consistent manner, and it systematically incorporates hysteresis and wettability into the numerical reservoir-simulation model.
Effects of Coiled-Tubing Curvature on Drag Reduction of Polymeric Fluids
Authors: Zhou Y. , Shah S. N. , Gujar P. V. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This paper presents experimental results of the effects of coiled-tubing curvature on the drag-reduction behavior of polymeric fluids in turbulent flow. The experimental setup consists of a 10-ft section of ½-in. outside diameter (OD) straight tubing and four reels of coiled tubing of the same diameter. Fluids investigated included water, guar, hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), and xanthan fluids at various polymer concentrations. It was found that the coiled-tubing curvature could reduce the drag reduction by 10 to 30% compared to straight tubing, depending on the flow conditions. The tubing curvature also delays the onset of drag reduction. The percentage of drag reduction in coiled tubing may be improved if fluid is pumped at higher rates. The results of the present study were also verified with full-scale experiments and were found to be representative of the drag-reduction behavior of similar fluids under field flow conditions.
History Matching of the PUNQ-S3 Reservoir Model Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Gu Yaqing , Oliver Dean S. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This paper reports the use of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for automatic history matching. EnKF is a Monte Carlo method in which an ensemble of reservoir models is used. The correlation between reservoir response (e.g., water cut and rate) and reservoir variables (e.g., permeability and porosity) can be estimated from the ensemble. An estimate of uncertainty in future reservoir performance can also be obtained from the ensemble. The PUNQ-S3 reservoir model is used to test the method in this paper. It is a small (19×28×5) reservoir engineering model. One conclusion is that when applied to the PUNQ-S3 synthetic model, the EnKF technique gives satisfactory history-matching results while requiring less computation work than traditional methods.
Subsea HIPPS: A Way To Develop High-Pressure Subsea Fields
Authors: Patni Sandeep , Davalath Janardhan 
Published: April 2006

Summary
One of the challenges for the development of high-pressure oil and gas prospects in ultradeep water is the high capital-expenditure (CAPEX) cost of subsea flowlines and risers. Installing a high integrity pressure protection system (HIPPS) in the subsea system allows the flowline to be designed to just above well flowing pressure instead of well shut-in pressure. On the basis of flow simulations, pipeline design, and economic analysis, this paper demonstrates that installing subsea HIPPS results in the following:
Lower installed cost of flowlines and risers. Early payback with incrementally higher flow of oil and gas. Secondary benefits including higher flowing wellhead and flowline temperatures.
Another important benefit of using subsea HIPPS is that the weight of the risers hanging off at the host facility can be reduced substantially. Otherwise, heavy-walled risers may restrict the tie-in of the deepwater prospect to host facilities.
With pressure decline over time, the thick-walled flowlines become overkill and tend to restrict the well flow rate. With subsea HIPPS, the larger flow area in the subsea flowlines will allow the field to be abandoned at a lower reservoir pressure. This means that that the total recoverable reserves from the field can be increased. The major finding of this paper is that for high-pressure reservoirs in ultradeep water, installing HIPPS subsea accelerates cash flow and increases the project net present value. These benefits will be illustrated on the basis of the analysis of a deepwater field-development design case.
Effect of Stress-Concentration Factors Caused By Corrosion on Production-String Design
Authors: Sun Kai , Samuel Robello , Guo Boyun 
Published: April 2006

Summary
With the increase in operating costs and the need to withstand the cyclical swing of the oil prices, there is a growing demand for cost-effective production operations. Challenges associated with extreme depth, pressures, and temperatures at which corrosion is a problem can translate into additional problems caused by tubing burst, collapse, and tension. Tubular goods subjected to corrosion suffer strength deterioration. This becomes detrimental when coupled with cyclic loading. Failure of tubings could lead to disastrous consequences and the loss of the well, and if tubing strings are not designed in consideration of corrosion effects, it could also result in problems that will require well-control operations. Stress concentration caused by corrosion cavity plays an important role in tubing design under corrosive environments. The objective of this study was to develop a new criterion for designing corrosion-resistant tubular strings in deepwater and ultradeep high-temperature/high-pressure wells.
This paper presents results of our theoretical investigations of the corrosion effects on tubing-strength degradation. A new method and a revised criterion have been proposed to predict the threshold pressure for degraded tubing strength. Analytical formulae have been developed for calculating stresses around semi-spherical cavities, shallow surface cavities, and deep spherical cavities in the body of tubular strings. The effects of stress concentration on tubing strength are analyzed with these formulae. Solutions are also presented in the form of plots that can be easily used by the production engineers. An application example is presented in this paper.