bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Open to Arthroscopic Acromioplasty with Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair for Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Mohtadi Nicholas G. , Hollinshead Robert M. , Sasyniuk Treny M. , Fletcher Jennifer A. , Chan Denise S. , Li Feng X. 
Published: March 2008

Background Rotator cuff tears affect patients’ quality of life. The evolution toward less invasive operative techniques for rotator cuff repair requires appropriate comparisons with the standard open procedure, using validated outcomes in a randomized fashion. Hypothesis There is no difference in disease-specific quality of life outcomes at 2 years between an open surgical repair (open) versus an arthroscopic acromioplasty with mini-open (scope mini-open) repair for patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Patients with unremitting pain, failed nonoperative treatment, and imaging indicating full-thickness rotator cuff tears were included in the study. Massive irreparable cuff tears were excluded. Patients were assessed using the disease-specific Rotator Cuff-Quality of Life index, which produces a maximum score of 100, representing a high quality of life. Secondary shoulder-specific outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Society, Shoulder Rating Questionnaire, and Functional Shoulder Elevation Test) were also measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and 1 and 2 years. Results The mean Rotator Cuff-Quality of Life scores at an average follow-up of 28 months were not statistically different: open, 86.9 (95% confidence interval: 81.8–92.0); and scope mini-open, 87.2 (95% confidence interval: 80.6–93.8). At 3 months, the patients who underwent scope mini-open showed statistically significantly better outcomes (55.6 vs 71.3; P = .005). The baseline to 3-month difference in Rotator Cuff-Quality of Life scores between the scope mini-open and open groups was also statistically significant. Conclusion Patient outcomes improved from baseline to all postoperative measurement intervals. There was no difference in outcome at 1 and 2 years after surgery between the scope mini-open and open procedures. The quality of life of patients undergoing the arthroscopic acromioplasty with mini-open rotator cuff repair improved statistically significantly and clinically at 3 months compared with the open group.
Primary Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Fu Freddie H. , Shen Wei , Starman James S. , Okeke Nnamdi , Irrgang James J. 
Published: March 2008

BackgroundThe anterior cruciate ligament consists of 2 functional bundles, the anteromedial bundle and the posterolateral bundle. Single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the current standard for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. However, a significant subset of patients continues to report residual symptoms of instability after such reconstruction.HypothesisAnatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may more closely restore normal kinematics of the knee by reproducing the native anatomy.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsWe report the current clinical outcomes of the initial 100 consecutive patients who underwent anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an average follow-up of 2.1 ± 0.5 years. All patients were prospectively followed to document range of motion, ligamentous laxity, and functional strength, as well as activity and sports participation.ResultsSide-to-side difference in range of motion was 2° ± 3° for extension and 2° ± 5° for flexion. Sixty-five percent of patients had a normal Lachman test result, and 33% were nearly normal. For the pivot-shift test findings, 94% were normal, and 6% were nearly normal. The average side-to-side difference in the KT-2000 arthrometer test was 1.0 ± 2.3 mm. There were 8 graft failures, 7 of which had subsequent revision surgery. No patients reported pain, swelling, or instability during activities of daily living, and 73% to 78% had no symptoms during very strenuous or strenuous sports activities. The scores of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, Activities of Daily Living, and Sports Activity Scores of the Knee Outcome Survey were 85.0, 91.8, and 87.0, respectively, and were similar compared with patients undergoing single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which we have previously reported. Fifty-one percent described their current activity level as normal, and 35% reported it as nearly normal.ConclusionAnatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction results in good restoration of joint stability and patient-reported outcomes when evaluated 2 years after surgery.
Cervical Spine Alignment in the Youth Football Athlete
Authors: Treme Gehron , Diduch David R. , Hart Jennifer , Romness Mark J. , Kwon Michael S. , Hart Joseph M. 
Published: March 2008

Background Substantial literature exists regarding recommendations for the on-field treatment and subsequent transportation of adult collision-sport athletes with a suspected injury to the cervical spine. Purpose To develop an evidence-based recommendation for transportation of suspected spine-injured youth football players. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Three lateral radiographs were obtained in supine to include the occiput to the cervical thoracic junction from 31 youth football players (8-14 years). Each child was imaged while wearing helmet and shoulder pads, without equipment, and with shoulder pads only. Two independent observers measured cervical spine angulation as Cobb angle from C1 to C7 and subaxial angulation from C2 to C7. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver reliability analysis and compared Cobb and C2 to C7 angles between equipment conditions with t tests. Results Interobserver analysis showed excellent reliability among measurements. Cobb and subaxial angle measurements indicated significantly greater cervical lordosis while children wore shoulder pads only, compared with the other 2 conditions (no equipment and helmet and shoulder pads) (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in either Cobb or C2-C7 angles between fully equipped (helmet + shoulder pads) and no-equipment conditions (P >.05). Conclusions Equipment removal for the youth football athlete with suspected cervical spine injury should abide by the “all or none” policy that has been widely accepted for adult athletes. Helmet and shoulder pads should be left in place during emergency transport of the suspected spine-injured youth athlete. Clinical Relevance Despite differences in head to torso size ratios between youth and adult players, helmet removal alone is not recommended for either during emergency transportation.
Measurement of Glenoid Bone Loss
Authors: Provencher Matthew T. , Detterline Alvin J. , Ghodadra Neil , Romeo Anthony A. , Bach Bernard R. , Cole Brian J. , Verma Nikhil 
Published: March 2008

Background Osteotomies at an angle of 45° to the long axis of the glenoid were originally used in a cadaveric model to simulate the bone loss that can occur clinically in anterior instability of the shoulder. However, this type of glenoid defect is not consistent with the usual clinical scenario, in which bone loss occurs nearly parallel (at 0°) to the long axis of the glenoid. Purpose Our objectives were to compare the amount of glenoid bone loss measured after a 45° glenoid osteotomy with that after a 0° osteotomy and to determine differences in bone loss measurement from 2 different posterior shoulder portals. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Glenoids of 14 embalmed cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 81 years; range, 56–90) were mounted in a custom shoulder holder, and 2 posterior portals (2 and 3 o'clock) were fixed into place. The area of a best-fit circle of the inferior portion of the glenoid was digitally calculated, and 2 sequential osteotomies of 12.5% and 25% of anteroinferior glenoid bone loss area were created. Two different types of osteotomies were created: group 1, “inverted-pear” bone loss (45° to the long axis of the glenoid); and group 2, “clinical” bone loss osteotomy (0° to the long axis of the glenoid). Measurements of bone loss were performed based on the bare spot method from 2 simulated posterior portals at 2 and 3 o'clock using a calibrated probe and digital calipers. The osteotomy was measured in 3 different locations (upper, middle, and lower thirds). Results In the 12.5% bone loss model, bone loss measurements for both groups were significantly higher than expected (22.2%–23.1 % in group 1,17.4%–17.9% in group 2; P = .031-.049). In the 25% bone loss model, the mean measured bone loss was 27.8% in group 1 and 27.5% in group 2; however, bone loss measurements varied significantly in group 1 based on measurement location along the osteotomy (upper third, 12.3%; middle third, 31.5%; lower third, 39.8% loss) ( P = .01-.0001). In group 2, the bone loss measurements were less varied (23.5%–0.3%). There were no differences between the location of the posterior portal (2 vs 3 o'clock) in determination of glenoid bone loss for both the 12.5% and 25% osteotomies. Conclusion Glenoid bone loss determination in a 45° osteotomy model significantly overestimates the amount of true glenoid bone loss. However, in a 0° clinical bone loss simulation model, the arthroscopic bare spot method of bone loss determination was sufficiently accurate at all 3 areas (upper, middle, and lower third) of bone loss. Both the 2-o'clock and 3-o'clock posterior portals were accurate to determine the amount of glenoid bone loss as referenced from the bare spot. Clinical Relevance Arthroscopic determination of glenoid bone loss is more accurate than what has been previously described with the 45° simulation model. Measurement of glenoid bone loss from either the 2-o'clock or 3-o'clock posterior portal is accurate in a clinical bone loss model.
Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma
Authors: Muranski Pawel , Boni Andrea , Antony Paul A. , Cassard Lydie , Irvine Kari R. , Kaiser Andrew , Paulos Chrystal M. , Palmer Douglas C. , Touloukian Christopher E. , Ptak Krzysztof , Gattinoni Luca , Wrzesinski Claudia , Hinrichs Christian S. , Kerstann Keith W. , Feigenbaum Lionel , Chan Chi-Chao , Restifo Nicholas P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCD4+ T cells can differentiate into multiple effector subsets, but the potential roles of these subsets in anti-tumor immunity have not been fully explored. Seeking to study the impact of CD4+ T cell polarization on tumor rejection in a model mimicking human disease, we generated a new MHC class II-restricted, T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse model in which CD4+ T cells recognize a novel epitope in tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), an antigen expressed by normal melanocytes and B16 murine melanoma. Cells could be robustly polarized into Th0, Th1, and Th17 subtypes in vitro, as evidenced by cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule profiles and by surface markers, suggesting the potential for differential effector function in vivo. Contrary to the current view that Th1 cells are most important in tumor rejection, we found that Th17-polarized cells better mediated destruction of advanced B16 melanoma. Their therapeutic effect was critically dependent on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, whereas depletion of interleukin (IL)–17A and IL-23 had little impact. Taken together, these data indicate that the appropriate in vitro polarization of effector CD4+ T cells is decisive for successful tumor eradication. This principle should be considered in designing clinical trials involving adoptive transfer–based immunotherapy of human malignancies.
Association of genetic variations in theCSF2andCSF3genes with lung function in smoking-induced COPD
Authors: He J-Q. , Shumansky K. , Connett J. E. , Anthonisen N. R. , Paré P. D. , Sandford A. J. 
Published: March 2008

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), also known as CSF2, and granulocyte CSF, also known as CSF3, are important survival and proliferation factors for neutrophils and macrophages. The objective of the present study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofCSF2andCSF3are associated with lung function in smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.In total, five SNPs ofCSF2andCSF3were studied in 587 non-Hispanic white subjects with the fastest (n = 281) or the slowest (n = 306) decline of lung function selected from among continuous smokers in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Health Study (LHS). These SNPs were also studied in 1,074 non-Hispanic white subjects with the lowest (n = 536) or the highest (n = 538) baseline lung function at the beginning of the LHS.An increase in the number ofCSF3-1719T alleles was significantly associated with protection against low lung function (odds ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.95), and was still significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. There was also a significant association of aCSF3haplotype with baseline levels of forced expiratory volume in one second. No association was found forCSF2SNPs and lung function, nor was there evidence of epistasis.In conclusion, genetic variation in colony-stimulating factor 3 is associated with cross-sectionally measured lung function in smokers.
The effect of adiposity measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on lung function
Authors: Sutherland T. J. T. , Goulding A. , Grant A. M. , Cowan J. O. , Williamson A. , Williams S. M. , Skinner M. A. , Taylor D. R. 
Published: March 2008

Respiratory function is impaired in obesity but there are limitations with body mass index and skin-fold thickness in assessing this effect. The present authors hypothesised that the regional distribution of body fat and lean mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), might be more informative than conventional measurements of total body fat.In total, 107 subjects (55 female, 51.4%) aged 20–50 yrs with no respiratory disease were recruited. Respiratory function tests, anthropometric measurements and a DXA scan were performed. Partial correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the effect of adiposity and lean body mass on respiratory function.The majority of respiratory function parameters were significantly correlated with DXA and non-DXA measurements of body fat. Neither thoracic nor abdominal fat had a greater effect. There were some differences in the effect of adiposity between the sexes. Respiratory function was negatively associated with lean body mass in females but positively associated in males. This disappeared after adjustment in females but remained in males.The effects of thoracic and abdominal body fat on respiratory function are comparable but cannot be separated from one another.
Evaluation of a large-scale tuberculosis contact investigation in the Netherlands
Authors: Borgen K. , Koster B. , Meijer H. , Kuyvenhoven V. , van der Sande M. , Cobelens F. 
Published: March 2008

The aim of the present study was to evaluate yield and effectiveness of a large-scale contact investigation around a supermarket employee with infectious tuberculosis.Supermarket customers were screened by tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or radiography, depending on individual characteristics. The number of recent infections was estimated based on historical reference data after correction for false-positive TST results.TST screening of 15,518 subjects yielded 12 cases of tuberculosis disease as a direct result of the investigation (1,293 screenings per case identified). Radiographical screening of 5,945 subjects yielded no cases. There were 359 (2.6%) positive TSTs; 117 (34%) were estimated to be due to recent exposure. The number of customers screened in order to find one case of recent infection was 114, varying from 43 for customers who visited the supermarket twice per week or more, to 4,148 for customers who visited less than once per month.In conclusion, although this patient probably transmittedMycobacterium tuberculosisto at least 117 customers, the contact investigation was inefficient, as large numbers of customers had to be screened and the majority of identified tuberculosis infections were probably not related to the index case. The efficiency could have been improved by omitting radiographical screening and limiting tuberculin skin test screening to customers who reported frequent supermarket visits.
Ryanodine receptors decant internal Ca2+store in human and bovine airway smooth muscle
Authors: Tazzeo T. , Zhang Y. , Keshavjee S. , Janssen L. J. 
Published: March 2008

Several putative roles for ryanodine receptors (RyR) were investigated in human and bovine airway smooth muscle.Changes in intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane current were investigated in single cells by confocal fluorimetry and patch-clamp electrophysiology, respectively, whereas mechanical activity was monitored in intact strips with force transducers.RyR released Ca2+from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a ryanodine- and chloroethyl phenol (CEP)-sensitive fashion. Neither ryanodine nor CEP inhibited responses to KCl, cholinergic agonists or serotonin, indicating no direct role for RyR in contraction; in fact, there was some augmentation of these responses. In tissues pre-contracted with carbachol, the concentration–response relationships for isoproterenol and salmeterol were unaffected by ryanodine; relaxations due to a nitric oxide donor were also largely unaffected. Finally, it was examined whether RyR were involved in regulating [Ca2+]iwithin the subplasmalemmal space using patch-clamp electrophysiology as well as Ca2+fluorimetry: isoproterenol increased [Ca2+]i- and Ca2+-dependent K+current activity in a ryanodine-sensitive fashion.In conclusion, ryanodine receptors in airway smooth muscle are not important in directly mediating contraction or relaxation. The current authors speculate instead that these allow the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca2+towards the plasmalemma (to unload an overly full Ca2+store and/or increase the Ca2+-buffering capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) without affecting bronchomotor tone.
Functional role of the additional domains in inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28
Authors: del Moral Sandra , Olvera Clarita , Rodriguez Maria Elena , Munguia Agustin Lopez 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundInulosucrase (IslA) fromLeuconostoc citreumCW28 belongs to a new subfamily of multidomain fructosyltransferases (FTFs), containing additional domains from glucosyltransferases. It is not known what the function of the additional domains in this subfamily is.ResultsThrough construction of truncated versions we demonstrate that the acquired regions are involved in anchoring IslA to the cell wall; they also confer stability to the enzyme, generating a larger structure that affects its kinetic properties and reaction specificity, particularly the hydrolysis and transglycosylase ratio. The accessibility of larger molecules such as EDTA to the catalytic domain (where a Ca2+binding site is located) is also affected as demonstrated by the requirement of 100 times higher EDTA concentrations to inactivate IslA with respect to the smallest truncated form.ConclusionThe C-terminal domain may have been acquired to anchor inulosucrase to the cell surface. Furthermore, the acquired domains in IslA interact with the catalytic core resulting in a new conformation that renders the enzyme more stable and switch the specificity from a hydrolytic to a transglycosylase mechanism. Based on these results, chimeric constructions may become a strategy to stabilize and modulate biocatalysts based on FTF activity.
Organization and differential expression of the GACA/GATA tagged somatic and spermatozoal transcriptomes in Buffalo Bubalus bubalis
Authors: Srivastava Jyoti , Premi Sanjay , Kumar Sudhir , Ali Sher 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundSimple sequence repeats (SSRs) of GACA/GATA have been implicated with differentiation of sex-chromosomes and speciation. However, the organization of these repeats within genomes and transcriptomes, even in the best characterized organisms including human, remains unclear. The main objective of this study was to explore the buffalo transcriptome for its association with GACA/GATA repeats, and study the structural organization and differential expression of the GACA/GATA repeat tagged transcripts. Moreover, the distribution of GACA and GATA repeats in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes was studied to highlight their significance in genome evolution.ResultsWe explored several genomes and transcriptomes, and observed total absence of these repeats in the prokaryotes, with their gradual accumulation in higher eukaryotes. Further, employing novel microsatellite associated sequence amplification (MASA) approach using varying length oligos based on GACA and GATA repeats; we identified and characterized 44 types of known and novel mRNA transcripts tagged with these repeats from different somatic tissues, gonads and spermatozoa of water buffaloBubalus bubalis. GACA was found to be associated with higher number of transcripts compared to that with GATA. Exclusive presence of several GACA-tagged transcripts in a tissue or spermatozoa, and absence of the GATA-tagged ones in lung/heart highlights their tissue-specific significance. Of all the GACA/GATA tagged transcripts, ~30% demonstrated inter-tissue and/or tissue-spermatozoal sequence polymorphisms. Significantly, ~60% of the GACA-tagged and all the GATA-tagged transcripts showed highest or unique expression in the testis and/or spermatozoa. Moreover, ~75% GACA-tagged and all the GATA-tagged transcripts were found to be conserved across the species.ConclusionPresent study is a pioneer attempt exploring GACA/GATA tagged transcriptome in any mammalian species highlighting their tissue, stage and species-specific expression profiles. Comparative analysis suggests the gradual accumulation of these repeats in the higher eukaryotes, and establishes the GACA richness of the buffalo transcriptome. This is envisaged to establish the roles of integral simple sequence repeats and tagged transcripts in gene expression or regulation.