bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A best practice dietetic service for rural patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A pilot of a pseudo‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: BROWN Leanne , CAPRA Sandra , WILLIAMS Lauren 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to test a predetermined model of best practice for rural patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment by assessing patient satisfaction and patient outcomes.Methods:  The study design was a pseudo‐randomised controlled trial, comparing a predetermined best practice protocol with usual service delivery, as provided by the local hospital. Patient outcomes were measured using the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA), Modified Constipation Assessment Scale (MCAS) and Global Quality of Life questionnaire C30 (QLQ‐C30). Patient satisfaction and feedback were also assessed.Results:  Twenty‐four cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment in a rural oncology treatment centre were recruited to the study, with complete data sets for 12 participants. The median age of participants was 60 years (range 41–74), with equal numbers of male and female participants. No statistically significant results were found for any of the outcome variables. More than half of all the service delivery provided to the intervention group was outside the designated clinic times, with services provided most days of the week. The preferred method of review for respondents was by telephone or in person at the time of treatment.Conclusions:  This pilot study indicates the need to further investigate this best practice dietetic service model to determine if patient outcomes are significant. Patient feedback indicates that a rural dietetic service to oncology patients needs to be well organised with a screening process and provided in a timely and flexible way.
In vitro analysis of the penetration of methylene blue dye in human radicular dentin using different methods of impregnation
Authors: Ferreira Ronise , Bombana Antonio C. , Sayeg Isaac J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to verity whether different conditions of contact with a dye solution would result in different levels of the impregnation by the marker agent in human radicular dentin. The root canals of 60 upper human canines were immersed in methylene blue dye (0.5%, pH 7.0) for 24 h under six different conditions: passive immersion; pre‐agitation for 10 min using an endodontic ultrasound; pre‐agitation for 10 min using a cleaning ultrasound; 25‐mmHg vacuum for 10 min followed by passive immersion; 30‐mmHg and 650‐mmHg vacuum for 24 h. The roots were longitudinally sectioned and dye impregnation was assessed by a trained and calibrated examiner, using the Q 550 IW image analyser (Leica Qwin™, Cambridge, England). The measurements were analysed with anova and Tukey test. The results revealed no significant difference among the different methods for dye impregnation. In the cervical third, impregnation with 30 mmHg was significantly more effective than with endodontic ultrasound or 25 mmHg. At the apical third, no differences were observed between any of the dye impregnation methods. The comparison of different thirds revealed a statistically significant difference between the cervical and apical and the middle and apical thirds, but not between the cervical and middle thirds.
Detection of presence or absence of herpes simplex virus, Epstein Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus in infected pulp using a polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Rosaline Hannah , Satish Emmanuel S. , Kandaswamy Deivanayagam 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe development of methods to amplify nucleic acids has provided a way of identifying and quantifying infectious pathogens in infected pulp and periapical region. Recent studies have detected human herpes virus in periapical pathosis and periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect the presence or absence of herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus in an infected pulp. Ten pulp tissue samples from teeth with irreversible pulpitis and eight control samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (Perkin – Elmer Gene Amplification System) for detection of human herpes virus. The results of this study did not reveal any human herpes virus in both the control and infected pulp tissue samples. According to this study, human herpes virus may not have an entry through the infected pulp to reach the periapical region and may not be a causative organism in the pulp.
Radiological evaluation of the morphological changes of root canals shaped with ProTaper™ for hand use and the ProTaper™ and RaCe™ rotary instruments
Authors: Aguiar Carlos M. , Câmara Andréa C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated, by means of the radiography examination, the occurrence of deviations in the apical third of root canals shaped with hand and rotary instruments. Sixty mandibular human molars were divided into three groups. The root canals in group 1 were instrumented with ProTaper™ (Dentsply/Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) for hand use, group 2 with ProTaper™ and group 3 with RaCe™. The images obtained by double superimposition of the pre‐ and postoperative radiographs were evaluated by two endodontists with the aid of a magnifier‐viewer and a fivefold magnifier. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher‐Freeman‐Halton. The instrumentation using the ProTaper™ for hand use showed 25% of the canals with a deviation in the apical third, as did the ProTaper™, while the corresponding figure for the RaCe™ (FKG Dentaire, La‐Chaux‐de‐Fonds, Switzerland) was 20%, but these results were not statistically significant. There was no correlation between the occurrence of deviations in the apical third and the systems used.
Effect of 17% EDTA and MTAD on intracanal smear layer removal: A scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Ali Mozayeni Mohammad , Hossein Javaheri Ghasem , Poorroosta Pardis , Asna Ashari Mohammad , Hossein Javaheri Homan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MTAD as the final irrigant to remove the smear layer, compared with that of 17% EDTA, both following root canal irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Fifty‐five extracted maxillary and mandibular single‐rooted human teeth were prepared by a crown‐down technique using rotary 0.04 and 0.06 taper nickel‐titanium files. 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used as the intracanal irrigant. The canals were then treated with 5 mL of one of the following solutions as final rinse: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA or MTAD. The presence or absence of smear layer in the coronal, middle and apical portion of each canal was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that MTAD is an effective final rinse solution for removing the smear layer in canals irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. When 17% EDTA was used as a final rinse, the smear layer was removed from the middle and coronal thirds of canal preparations, but it was less effective in the apical third of the canals.
Differential variations in Ca2+ entry, cytosolic Ca2+ and membrane capacitance upon steady or action potential depolarizing stimulation of bovine chromaffin cells
Authors: De Diego A. M. G. , Arnáiz‐Cot J. J. , Hernández‐Guijo J. M. , Gandía L. , García A. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAims:  This study looks into the physiology of the exocytosis of catecholamines released by adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. We have comparatively explored the exocytotic responses elicited by two different patterns of depolarizing stimulation: the widely employed square depolarizing pulses (DPs) and trains of acetylcholine‐like action potentials (APs), likely the physiological mode of stimulation in the intact innervated adrenal medulla. APs were applied at 30 Hz, a frequency similar to that produced in a stressful situation.Methods:  Patch‐clamp, cell membrane capacitance, single cell amperometry and fluorescence were the techniques used. The variations of calcium entry measured as the integral of the calcium current, cytosolic calcium (measured with the calcium‐sensitive fluorescent probe fluo‐4) and exo‐endocytosis (membrane capacitance variations) were the parameters measured.Results:  Trains of AP depolarizations produced distinct responses compared to those of square depolarizations: (1) Calcium current amplitude decreased to a lesser extent along the AP train; (2) calcium entry and capacitance increments raised linearly with stimulation time whereas they deviated from linearity when square depolarizations were used; (3) slower activation and faster delayed decay phase of cytosolic calcium transients; (4) capacitance increments varied linearly with calcium entry with APs and deviated from linearity with longer depolarizations; (5) little endocytosis after stimulation with longer trains of APs and pronounced endocytosis with longer square depolarizations.Conclusions:  Stimulation of chromaffin cells with trains of APs produced patterns of cytosolic calcium transients, exocytotic and endocytotic responses quite different from those elicited by the widely employed DPs. Our study is relevant from the methodological and physiological points of view.
Symposium on Diseases of Gats—IV. Feline Geriatrics
Authors: Joshua Joan O. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review of the problems associated with senile changes in the cat. Husbandry and management are discussed together with an outline of the conditions most frequently found in the aged animal in the various body systems.Résumé— –Examen des problémes relatifs aux transformations séniles chez le chat. Discussion de la conduite à tenir et des soins à donner; apercu des troubles les plus fréquents rencontrés chez l'animal agé dans les différents systèmes de l'organisme.Zusammenfassung— Ein Überblick über die mit den Altersveränderungen bei der Katin ez Verbindung stehenden Probleme. Es wird über die Zucht ünd Beaufsichtigung gesprochen und eine kurze Beschreibung der Zustände, die in den verschidenen Körpersystemen des gealterten Tieres am häufigsten auftreten, gegeben.
Multiple Myeloma in a Dog
Authors: PENNOCK PAUL , JÖNSSON LENNART , OLSSON STEN‐ERIK 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Multiple myeloma, a rare tumour of the hemopoietic system, is reported in a 10‐yr‐old female Poodle. Clinical signs included anemia, weakness, cachexia and pain when the dog was forced to move. Radiographs revealed demineralization of the skeleton; circular radiolucent foci were evident, especially in the long bones, and the sixth thoracic vertebra was compressed. Numerous cells of the plasma cell type were evident in bone marrow smears. Blood electrophoresis revealed hypergammaglobulinemia. Bence‐Jones proteinuria was not detected. The animal was destroyed and the clinical diagnosis confirmed at necropsy. Plasma cells were found in the bone marrow, liver, spleen and kidney. The bones were porous and numerous old fractures of the ribs and vertebrae were found.Résumé— Un mytlome multiple, rare tumeur du systtme hématopoiésique est observée chez une caniche femelle de 10 am. Les signes cliniques incluent l'anémie, la faiblesse, la cachexie et des douleurs lorsque la chienne était obligée de faire des mouvements. Des radiographies ont révélé la déminéralisation du squelette; des foyers circulaires translucides aux Rayons X sont évidents, spécialement dans les os longs, et la sixième vertèbre toraxique est compressée. De nombreuses cellules du type des cellules à plasma étaient évidentes dans les macules de moelle. L'électrophorèse du sang a révélé de I'hypergammaglobulinémie. La présence Bence‐Jones de protéine dans l'urine n'a pas été détectée. L'animal a été détruit et le diagnostic clinique confirméà la nécropsie. Dies cellules de plasma ont été trouvées dans la moelle, le foie, la rate et les reins. Les os étaient poreux et de nombreuses vieilles fractures des cbtes et des vertèbres ont été trouvtes.Zusammenfassuug—Berichterstattung über das Auftreten von multiplex Myelom, ein seltener Tumor im hämopoietischen System einer zehnjährigen Pundelhündin. Klinische Anzeichen umfassen Anämie, Schwäche, Kachexie und Schmerzen, wenn der Hund zur Bewegung gezwungen wurde. Radiogramme zeigten Demineralisierung des Skelettes; kreisförmige radiotransparente Herde traten besonders in den langen Knochen klar hervor und der sechste Brustwirbel war kompressed. Zahl‐reiche Zellen der Plasmakategorie wurden in Knochenmarkabstrichen augenscheinlich. Blut‐Elektrophoresis brachte Hyper‐Gammaglobulinamie zum Vorschein. Bence‐Jones Albuminurie wurde nicht gefunden. Das Tier wurde vernichtet und die klinische Diagnose bei der Obduktion bestätigt. Im Knochenmark, der Leber, der Milz und in den Nieren wurden Plasmazellen festgestellt. Die Knochen waren porös und zahlreiche alte Rippen‐und Rückenwirbelbrüche zeigten sich.
A Familial Canine Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia with Subperiosteal Cortical Defects
Authors: Carrig C. B. , Seawright A. A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —A cystic bone condition occurring in the distal metaphyses of the radius and/or ulna is reported in 1 male and 2 female Dobermann Pinscher siblings. The radiological and pathological features of the condition in the dogs were considered to be similar to those which characterise polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in man. The affected bones also showed subperiosteal cortical defects. Treatment by curettage at 7 months of age was successful in 2 dogs. The other dog remained untreated for comparison. It is suggested that the disease could be heritable in the American Dobermann Pinscher.Résumé— —II a été observé un état de perte de substance osseuse localisée dam la partie distale des métaphyses du radius et ou du cubitus chez un mâle et 2 femelles Dobermann Pinscher de la même fratrie. On considère que les caractéristiques radiologiques et pathologiques de la maladie chez le chien sont identiques à celle de la dysplasie fibreuse polyostotique chez l'homme. Les os atteints montrent aussi des défauts corticaux subpériostiques. Le traitement par curetage à 1'âge de 7 mois fut un succès chez 2 chiens. A titre de comparaison, I'autre chien n'a pas été traité. Il semble que la maladie soit héréditaire chez le Pinscher Dobermann Américain.Zusammenfassung— —Ein cystischer Knochenzustand in den distalen Metaphysen des Radius und/oder der Ulna wurde bei 1 männlichem und 2 weiblichen Dobermann‐Pinscher‐Abkömmlingen beobachtet. Die radiologischen und pathologischen Einzelheiten dieser Erscheinung bei den Hunden gleichen denen, die für die polyostotische fibröse Dysplasie des Menschen charakteristisch sind. Die befallenen Knochen zeigten auch subperiosteale corticale Defekte. Die Behandlung durch Curettage im Alter von sieben Monaten war bei 2 Hunden erfolgreich. Der andere Hund blieb zu Vergleichszwecken unbehandeIt. Es ist zu vermuten, dass diese Krankheit beim amerikanischen Doberrnann‐Pinscher vererblich ist.
Investigation of foraging habits and prey selection by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) using acoustic tags and concurrent fish surveys
Authors: Witteveen Briana H. , Foy Robert J. , Wynne Kate M. , Tremblay Yann 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTags containing acoustic time‐depth transmitters (ATDT) were attached to four humpback whales near Kodiak, Alaska. Tags allowed for whale dive depths to be recorded in real time. Acoustic and mid‐water trawl surveys were conducted concurrent with tagging efforts within the study area to quantify available fish resources and describe potential prey selection by humpback whales. Recorded dives were grouped through visual assessment and t‐tests. Dives that indicated likely foraging occurred at a mean maximum depth of 106.2 m with 62% of dives occurring between 92 m and 120 m. Acoustic backscatter from fish surveys was attributed to potential humpback prey based on known target strength values and 10 net tows. Capelin comprised 84% of the total potential prey abundance in the region followed by age 0 (12%) and juvenile pollock (2%), and eulachon (<1%). Although horizontally segregated in the region, both capelin and age 0 pollock were distributed at depths exceeding 92 m with maximum abundance between 107 m and 120 m. The four‐tagged humpbacks were found to forage in areas with greatest capelin densities but bypassed areas of high age 0 pollock abundance. The location and diving behavior of tagged whales suggested that whales were favoring capelin over pollock as a prey source.
Postpartum whistle production in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Fripp Deborah , Tyack Peter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDespite much research on bottlenose dolphin signature whistles, few have investigated the role of maternal whistles in early calf development. We investigated maternal whistle use in the first weeks postpartum for captive dolphins. The overall whistling rate increased by a factor of ten when the calves were born and then decreased again in the third week of the one surviving calf. Adult whistles were distinguished from calf whistles based on the extent of frequency modulation and were further classified into signature and non‐signature whistles by comparison to a dictionary of known whistles. The average rate of maternal signature whistle production increased significantly from 0.02 whistles per dolphin‐minute before the calves were born to 0.2 and 0.3 whistles in weeks 1 and 2, decreasing again to 0.06 in week 3 for the mother of the surviving calf. Percent maternal signature whistles changed similarly. Signature whistle production by non‐mothers did not change when the calves were born. A likely function of this increase in maternal signature whistle production is that it enables the calf to learn to identify the mother in the first weeks of life.
Trophic level and overlap of sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Porras‐Peters Heidi , Aurioles‐Gamboa David , Cruz‐Escalona Victor Hugo , Koch Paul L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractStable isotope and scat analyses were used in concert to determine trophic level and dietary overlap among California sea lions from different rookeries in the Gulf of California. Isotopic analysis of the fur of sea lion pups revealed differences in δ15N and δ13C values among rookeries during the breeding season. Mean δ15N and δ13C values varied from 20.2‰ to 22.4‰ and from −15.4‰ to −14.0‰, respectively. The pattern of differences among rookeries was similar between years in most cases. Isotopic variations among rookeries were associated with differences in prey consumption. There was a significant correlation between δ15N value and trophic level, as determined by scat analysis. Joint application of isotopic and scat analyses allowed us to identify how the feeding habits of sea lions vary with location. Our results suggest the presence of spatial structure in available prey as well as the localized use of prey by sea lions across the Gulf of California.
Aspects of behavioral ecology of Sotalia guianensis in Sepetiba Bay, southeast Brazil
Authors: Flach Leonardo , Flach Patricia A. , Chiarello Adriano G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBoat‐based surveys were conducted from August 2002 to July 2003 to study the activity patterns, spatial pattern of area use, and group characteristics of Sotalia guianensis in Sepetiba Bay, southeast Brazil. Predetermined routes covered the entrance and interior of the bay, resulting in 210 dolphin sightings during 3,300 km total effort. Data on activity were collected using scan group sampling with instantaneous recording after 5 min of observation. Dolphins were sighted more frequently in the entrance of the bay, where water is deeper, and salinity and transparency are higher, than in the interior of the bay, where the environment is more influenced by freshwater inputs. Foraging and feeding were the most frequent activities, and occurred predominantly between 0600 and 1000. Foraging and feeding peaked during ebbing, low, and flooding tides, while socializing predominated at high tide. Mean group size was larger in the interior of the bay and when seabirds were present. Large aggregations containing >100 individuals of Sotalia guianensis seen year‐round indicate that Sepetiba Bay is an important area for this species in coastal Brazil.
Adaptation to ER stress as a driver of malignancy and resistance to therapy in human melanoma
Authors: Hersey Peter , Zhang Xu Dong 
Published: May 2008

SummaryPrimary events in the development of melanoma are gradually being pieced together but a more complete picture of evolution of the disease requires additional understanding of secondary events consequent on initiation of the malignancy. Arguably, the most important driver of secondary events is signals resulting from induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress for example due to hypoglycaemia and anoxia. This may result in a variety of responses such as apoptosis, autophagy and senescence depending on the initiating event and cell type but most importantly it may result in progression of melanoma due to adaptation and selection of melanoma cells to ER stress. The following reviews what is known about the adaptive responses and how this information may provide new initiatives in treatment of the disease.
Effectiveness of marine reserve networks in representing biodiversity and minimizing impact to fishermen: a comparison of two approaches used in California
Authors: Klein Carissa Joy , Steinback Charles , Scholz Astrid J. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe compared the effectiveness of marine reserve networks designed using a numerical optimization tool with networks designed by stakeholders during the course of California's Marine Life Protection Act Initiative at representing biodiversity and minimizing estimated negative impacts to fishermen. We used the same spatial data representing biodiversity and recreational fishing effort that were used by the stakeholders to design marine reserves. In addition, we used commercial fishing data not explicitly available to the stakeholders. Networks of marine reserves designed with numerical optimization tools represented the same amount of each habitat, or more, and had less of an estimated impact on commercial and recreational fisheries than networks designed by the stakeholders. The networks designed by the stakeholders could have represented 2.0–9.5% more of each habitat with no additional impact on the fisheries. Of four different marine reserve proposals considered in the initiative, the proposal designed by fishermen was more efficient than the proposals designed by other stakeholder groups at representing biodiversity and minimizing impact to the fishing industry. These results highlight the necessity of using comprehensive information on fishing effort to design a reserve network that efficiently minimizes negative socioeconomic impacts. We recommend that numerical optimization tools support, not replace, the stakeholder‐driven reserve design process along California's northern and southern coasts to help accomplish two of the initiative's core objectives: (1) Protect representative and unique marine habitats, and (2) Minimize negative socioeconomic impacts. The involvement of stakeholders is necessary as additional factors important to reserve design can not be considered using a numerical optimization tool.