bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of childhood maltreatment, recent interpersonal and noninterpersonal stress, and HPA-axis multilocus genetic variation on prospective changes in adolescent depressive symptoms: A multiwave longitudinal study
Authors: Sun Kexin , Cao Cong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Based on a multiwave, two-year prospective design, this study is the first to examine the extent to which multilocus hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis)-related genetic variants, childhood maltreatment, and recent stress jointly predicted prospective changes in adolescent depressive symptoms. A theory-driven multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) was calculated to combine the effects of six common polymorphisms within HPA-axis related genes (CRHR1, NR3C1, NR3C2, FKBP5, COMT, and HTR1A) in a sample of Chinese Han adolescents (N = 827; 50.2% boys; Mage = 16.45 ± 1.36 years). The results showed that the three-way interaction of HPA-axis related MGPS, childhood maltreatment and recent interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, stress significantly predicted prospective changes in adolescent depressive symptoms. For adolescents with high but not low HPA-axis related MGPS, exposure to severe childhood maltreatment predisposed individuals more vulnerable to recent interpersonal stress, exhibiting greater prospective changes in adolescent depressive symptoms. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the cumulative risk mechanism regarding gene-by-environment-by-environment (G × E1 × E2) interactions that underlie the longitudinal development of adolescent depressive symptoms and show effects specific to interpersonal stress.
Vocabulary learning through viewing dual-subtitled videos: Immediate repetition versus spaced repetition as an enhancement strategy
Authors: Lo Siowai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that watching videos with dual subtitles can promote vocabulary learning. This study investigated the extent to which vocabulary learning may be enhanced through repeated viewings of dual-subtitled videos. A 3x3 counterbalanced experimental design was adopted to examine English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ immediate vocabulary gains and retention under different learning conditions across three experimental sessions, including (a) immediate repeated viewing, (b) spaced repeated viewing, and (c) no repeated viewing. Participants were 60 Chinese-speaking lower-intermediate university EFL learners. They were divided into three groups and given each of the three treatments in each experimental session. ANOVA results revealed that viewing dual-subtitled videos with repetition allowed learners to achieve greater vocabulary gains than viewing with no repetition, with evidence indicating the superiority of immediate repetitions over spaced repetitions.
Perceptions of learning from audiovisual input and changes in L2 viewing preferences: The roles of on-screen text and proficiency
Authors: Pattemore Anastasia , Suárez Maria-del-Mar , Muñoz Carmen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious research on audiovisual input attests to a significant effect of on-screen text and proficiency on learning gains. However, there is scarce research on whether these factors affect viewers’ feeling of learning, a variable that can affect overall second language (L2) learning outcomes (Ellis, 2008). Moreover, there is a lack of research exploring whether viewing experience prompts viewers to switch from one viewing mode (subtitles, captions, no on-screen text) to another and what factors affect those choices. This study explores learners’ perspectives on learning from audiovisual input and their preferred viewing mode before and after participating in a prolonged viewing intervention. A total of 136 participants of varying L2 English proficiency levels (from A1 to C2) completed pre-viewing and post-viewing questionnaires. The results show that vocabulary and expressions were perceived to be learnt the most. The elementary proficiency group were more likely to be positive about learning from the intervention than higher proficiency students. Concerning the preferred viewing mode outside of the classroom, the participants favoured no on-screen text or first language (L1) subtitles over L2 captions. At the end of the intervention, the elementary-level participants found that viewing without any L1 support was too challenging for leisure viewing, while the intermediate- and advanced-level students gained confidence in watching without any textual support.
A psychoeducational intervention to improve sexual functioning in male rectal and anal cancer patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Schuler Tammy A. , Reiner Anne S. , Baser Raymond E. , Demirjian Caraline C. , Mulhall John , Temple Larissa , Schover Leslie , Jandorf Lina , DuHamel Katherine N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesMale rectal and anal cancer patients demonstrate high rates of sexual dysfunction. This pilot randomized controlled trial tested a psychoeducational intervention designed to improve psychosexual adjustment.MethodsRectal or anal cancer patients were randomized to a Sexual Health Intervention for Men (intervention) or to a referral and information control (control). The intervention included control activities plus 4 sexual health intervention sessions every 4–6 weeks and 3 brief telephone calls timed between these sessions. Assessments were completed pre-intervention (baseline) and 3 months (follow-up 1) and 8 months (follow-up 2) post-intervention. Differences were assessed with statistical significance and Cohen’s d effect sizes (d = 0.2, small effect; d = 0.5, moderate effect; d = 0.8, large effect).ResultsNinety subjects enrolled. Forty-three participants completed at least 1 follow-up assessment (intervention, n = 14; control n = 29). At follow-up 1, men in intervention, compared to control, improved on all domains of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) and demonstrated large effects (d = 0.8 to d = 1.5). Similarly, at follow-up 2, changes in all domains of the IIEF except the orgasm domain were either statistically significant or marginally statistically significant (p = 0.01 to p = 0.08) and demonstrated moderate to large treatment effects for intervention versus control (d = 0.5 to d = 0.8). Men in the intervention, compared to control, demonstrated decreased sexual bother at follow-up 1 (p = 0.009, d = 1.1), while Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) total scores and the SEAR sexual relationship subscale demonstrated moderate increases for intervention versus control (d = 0.4 to d = 0.6).Significance of resultsThis study provides initial evidence for combining a psychoeducational intervention with medical interventions to address sexual dysfunction following rectal and anal cancer. Trials register number: NCT00712751 (date of registration: 7/10/2008).
Moment-based metrics for molecules computable from cryogenic electron microscopy images
Authors: Zhang Andy , Mickelin Oscar , Kileel Joe , Verbeke Eric J. , Marshall Nicholas F. , Gilles Marc Aurèle , Singer Amit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an imaging technique capable of recovering the high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) structure of biological macromolecules from many noisy and randomly oriented projection images. One notable approach to 3D reconstruction, known as Kam’s method, relies on the moments of the two-dimensional (2D) images. Inspired by Kam’s method, we introduce a rotationally invariant metric between two molecular structures, which does not require 3D alignment. Further, we introduce a metric between a stack of projection images and a molecular structure, which is invariant to rotations and reflections and does not require performing 3D reconstruction. Additionally, the latter metric does not assume a uniform distribution of viewing angles. We demonstrate the uses of the new metrics on synthetic and experimental datasets, highlighting their ability to measure structural similarity.
No Emergence of Deep Convection in the Arctic Ocean Across CMIP6 Models
Authors: Heuzé Céline , Liu Hailong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs sea ice disappears, the emergence of open ocean deep convection in the Arctic, which would enhance ice loss, has been suggested. Here, using 36 state‐of‐the‐art climate models and up to 50 ensemble members per model, we show that Arctic deep convection is rare under the strongest warming scenario. Only five models have convection by 2100, while 11 have had convection by the middle of the run. For all, the deepest mixed layers are in the eastern Eurasian basin. When that region undergoes a salinification and increasing wind speeds, the models convect; yet most models are freshening. The models that do not convect have the strongest halocline and most stable sea ice, but those that lose their ice earliest ‐because of their strongly warming Atlantic Water‐ do not have a persistent deep convection: it shuts down mid‐century. Halocline and Atlantic Water changes urgently need to be better constrained in models.
Intrinsic Versus Wind‐Forced Great Whirl Non‐Seasonal Variability
Authors: Sadhvi Kwatra , Suresh Iyyappan , Lengaigne Matthieu , Izumo Takeshi , Penduff Thierry , Molines Jean‐Marc , Can Aftab A. , Vialard Jérôme 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Great Whirl (GW) is a quasi‐permanent anticyclonic eddy that appears every summer monsoon offshore of the Somalia upwelling. The annual cycle of the GW is well described, but deviations from its mean seasonal cycle (hereafter non‐seasonal variability) have been less explored. Satellite observations reveal that the leading mode of summer non‐seasonal sea‐level variability in this region is associated with ∼100‐km northward or southward GW shifts from its climatological position. Northward shifts are associated with a stronger GW, and two cold, productive coastal upwelling wedges at 5°N and 10°N. Southward shifts are associated with a weaker GW, no wedge at 5°N and a single stronger‐than‐usual cold and productive wedge at 10°N. An eddy‐permitting (25‐km resolution) 50‐member ensemble ocean simulation reproduces this GW variability well. It indicates that the non‐seasonal GW variability has a short ∼20 days timescale intrinsic component, associated with the GW interaction with mesoscale eddies, and a lower‐frequency, ∼100 days externally forced component. Intrinsic variability dominates at both subseasonal (two thirds of the variance) and interannual timescales (57% of the variance). The externally forced signal results from shifts in the probability distribution of the subseasonal GW position (e.g., more likely northward than southward shifted instantaneous GW positions over a season). The mechanism for this external forcing is not entirely clear, but it appears to be related to the Rossby wave response to offshore wind stress curl forcing, which evolves into a north‐south dipole that projects onto the GW variability pattern.
Quantitative Characterization of the Volatility Distribution of Organic Aerosols in a Polluted Urban Area: Intercomparison Between Thermodenuder and Molecular Measurements
Authors: Chen Wei , Hu Weiwei , Tao Zi , Cai Yiyu , Cai Mingfu , Zhu Ming , Ye Yuqing , Zhou Huaishan , Jiang Hongxing , Li Jun , Song Wei , Zhou Jiayi , Huang Shan , Yuan Bin , Shao Min , Feng Qiandan , Li Ying , Isaacman‐VanWertz Gabriel , Stark Harald , Day Douglas A. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Wang Xinming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo quantify the volatility of organic aerosols (OA), a comprehensive campaign was conducted in the Chinese megacity. Volatility distributions of OA and particle‐phase organic nitrate (pON) were estimated based on five methods: (a) empirical method and (b) kinetic model based on the measurement of a thermodenuder (TD) coupled with an aerosol mass spectrometer; (c) Formula‐based SIMPOL model‐driven method; (d) Element‐based estimations using molecular formula measurements of OA; and (e) gas/particle partitioning. Our results demonstrate that the ambient OA volatility distribution shows good agreement between the two heating methods and the formula‐based method when assuming ambient OA was mainly composed of organic nitrate (pON), organic sulfate and acid groups using the SIMPOL model. However, the element‐based method tends to overestimate the volatility of OA compared to the above three methods, suggesting large uncertainties in the parameterizations or in the representativeness of the molecular measurements that need further refinement. The volatility of ambient OA is generally lower than that of the laboratory‐derived secondary OA, emphasizing the impact of aging. A large fraction at the higher and lower volatility ranges (approximately log C* ≤ −9 and ≥2 μg m−3) was found for pON, implying the importance of both extremely low volatile and semi‐volatile species. Overall, this study evaluates different methods for volatility estimation and gives new insight into the volatility of OA and pON in urban areas.
Timescale of the Morphodynamic Feedback Between Planform Geometry and Lateral Migration of Meandering Rivers
Authors: Li Y. , Limaye A. B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcross varied environments, meandering channels evolve through a common morphodynamic feedback: the sinuous channel shape causes spatial variations in boundary shear stress, which cause lateral migration rates to vary along a meander bend and change the shape of the channel. This feedback is embedded in all conceptual models of meandering channel migration, and in numerical models, it occurs over an explicit timescale (i.e., the model time step). However, the sensitivity of modeled channel trajectory to the time step is unknown. In numerical experiments using a curvature‐driven model of channel migration, we find that channel trajectories are consistent over time if the channel migrates ≤10% of the channel width over the feedback timescale. In contrast, channel trajectories diverge if the time step causes migration to exceed this threshold, due to the instability in the co‐evolution of channel curvature and migration rate. The divergence of channel trajectories accumulates with the total run time. Application to hindcasting of channel migration for 10 natural rivers from the continental US and the Amazon River basin shows that the sensitivity of modeled channel trajectories to the time step is greatest at low (near‐unity) channel sinuosity. A time step exceeding the criterion causes over‐prediction of the width of the channel belt developed over millennial timescales. These findings establish a geometric constraint for predicting channel migration in landscape evolution models for lowland alluvial rivers, upland channels coupled to hillslopes and submarine channels shaped by turbidity currents, over timescales from years to millennia.
(R)-ketamine restores anterior insular cortex activity and cognitive deficits in social isolation-reared mice
Authors: Yokoyama Rei , Ago Yukio , Igarashi Hisato , Higuchi Momoko , Tanuma Masato , Shimazaki Yuto , Kawai Takafumi , Seiriki Kaoru , Hayashida Misuzu , Yamaguchi Shun , Tanaka Hirokazu , Nakazawa Takanobu , Okamura Yasushi , Hashimoto Kenji , Kasai Atsushi , Hashimoto Hitoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic social isolation increases the risk of mental health problems, including cognitive impairments and depression. While subanesthetic ketamine is considered effective for cognitive impairments in patients with depression, the neural mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. Here we identified unique activation of the anterior insular cortex (aIC) as a characteristic feature in brain-wide regions of mice reared in social isolation and treated with (R)-ketamine, a ketamine enantiomer. Using fiber photometry recording on freely moving mice, we found that social isolation attenuates aIC neuronal activation upon social contact and that (R)-ketamine, but not (S)-ketamine, is able to counteracts this reduction. (R)-ketamine facilitated social cognition in social isolation-reared mice during the social memory test. aIC inactivation offset the effect of (R)-ketamine on social memory. Our results suggest that (R)-ketamine has promising potential as an effective intervention for social cognitive deficits by restoring aIC function.
Oral dysaesthesia: a special focus on aetiopathogenesis, clinical diagnostics and treatment modalities
Authors: M. Farag Arwa , Carey Barbara , Albuquerque Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOral dysaesthesia is a condition characterised by persistent alteration to oral sensation, perceived by the patient to be abnormal and/or unpleasant, in the absence of any mucosal pathology. The condition can be difficult to detect and diagnose. A possible peripheral or central neuropathic aetiology has been proposed. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is the most common idiopathic oral dysesthesia in which long-term suffering is often reported by patients. Recent efforts from professional organisations and study groups have provided a consensus on BMS disease definition and diagnostic criteria. Large-scale epidemiological studies are required to provide an accurate estimate for prevalence and incidence of the condition. Meticulous diagnostic investigations which may require interdisciplinary teamwork are often warranted to reach an accurate diagnosis. A combination of interventional modalities, with a holistic approach, is key for successful management and improvement in patients' quality of life.
Oral mucosal disease: dilemmas and challenges in general dental practice
Authors: Atkin Philip A. , Cowie Rachel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOral medicine (OM) is a recognised component of all UK undergraduate dental programmes and practising dentists are expected to safely investigate and manage patients presenting with oral mucosal disease. Delivering OM care for patients in a general dental practice setting does however come with a number of challenges and dilemmas for practitioners.General dental practitioners may be limited in their ability to arrange diagnostic tests such as biopsies or blood tests, important in reaching a definitive OM diagnosis. Lack of operator skill or lack of access to appropriate laboratory facilities to process diagnostic samples will likely contribute to this. In addition, general dental practitioners may feel underconfident to reliably interpret test results. Management of OM patients can also be time-consuming and may not generate a significant remunerative reward under current NHS payment systems.OM is a subject that overlaps with several medical specialities, and up until 2010, required dual qualification in both undergraduate dentistry and medicine. Practitioners who have not undertaken OM training beyond undergraduate dentistry may lack confidence with the subject, and fear of misjudging a lesion of concern will certainly prompt referrals from primary care into hospital-based OM clinics.
Skin cancer - what general dental practitioners should look for
Authors: R. Drodge Daniel , Staines Konrad , Shipley Debbie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeneral dental practitioners (GDPs) are well-placed to identify incidental skin lesions when they see patients for routine dental care. Indeed, some patients with an undiagnosed skin malignancy may only see their GDP on a regular basis rather than their general medical practitioner (GMP). GDPs should be able to assess exposed areas of skin, particularly focusing on the head and neck, to identify any lesions of concern and liaise with the patient's GMP where appropriate. We provide an overview focused upon the clinical appearances of isolated benign and malignant lesions, tailored for GDPs.
In situ-formed cryomicroneedles for intradermal cell delivery
Authors: Zheng Mengjia , Hu Tianli , Yang Yating , Qie Xuan , Yang Huaxin , Zhang Yuyue , Zhang Qizheng , Yong Ken-Tye , Liu Wei , Xu Chenjie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cryomicroneedles (cryoMNs) offer a convenient and minimally invasive way to precisely deliver therapeutic cells intradermally for treating local and systemic diseases. cryoMNs are manufactured by shaping and freezing the cell-containing cryogenic media in a microneedle template, which allows cells to be packaged in advance for direct usage in the clinic. However, the current cryoMNs require cold-chain transportation and storage and do not permit the loading of autologous cells in situ. This article introduces the second generation of cryoMNs (S-cryoMNs) that address these limitations. Specifically, S-cryoMNs are made by dipping a porous MN scaffold in the cell suspension before cryopreservation. The porous scaffold can be transported at room temperature, and researchers can load any cells with the optimized cryogenic medium. As a proof-of-concept, we examined the loading and intradermal delivery of three cell types in clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo models, including mesenchymal stem cells for wound healing, melanocytes for vitiligo treatment, and antigen-pulsed dendritic cells for cancer vaccination.
Use of Himplant® for correction of residual deformity following prior treatment of peyronie’s disease: a case series
Authors: Levine Laurence A. , Desouky Elsayed , Elist James J. , Moon Daniel , Wilson Steven K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOver the years, numerous non-surgical and surgical treatment options have been explored for Peyronie’s disease. Current options may result in incomplete correction of the deformity, which can be bothersome to the patient. This is a two-center case series of three patients who had previously undergone treatment for Peyronie’s disease. Patient 1 underwent plication with extratunical grafting. Patient 2 underwent a series of Xiaflex® injections and then subsequent surgical plication for residual curvature. Patient 3 underwent a series of Xiaflex® injections. The Himplant® subcutaneous silicone penile prosthesis was placed in a standardized manner through a scrotal incision in all cases to mask residual penile deformities and enhance penile girth after Peyronie’s disease treatment. Patients were contacted and asked 18 questions regarding satisfaction and erectile function with the responses recorded. This pilot study presents findings of high patient satisfaction, increases in flaccid penile length and girth, and an acceptable profile of adverse events following Himplant® placement. Based on our limited experience, we would consider offering Himplant® implantation when residual curvature is <40° and the penile indentation does not cause instability/buckling during penetrative sexual activity. Further research and larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes and patient-reported satisfaction.
Efficient bosonic nonlinear phase gates
Authors: Park Kimin , Filip Radim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContinuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing harnesses versatile experimental tools that leverage the power of infinite-dimensional oscillators controlled by a single qubit. Increasingly available elementary Rabi gates have been proposed as a resource for implementing universal CV gates, but the requirement of many weak, non-commuting gates is a bottleneck in scaling up such an approach. In this study, we propose a resource-efficient technique using Fourier expansion to implement arbitrary non-linear phase gates in a single oscillator. This method reduces the number of sequentially required gates exponentially. These gates represented by cubic, quartic, and other arbitrary nonlinear potentials have applications in CV quantum information processing with infinite-dimensional oscillators controlled by a single qubit. Our method outperforms previous approaches and enables the experimental realization of a wide range of applications, including the development of bosonic quantum sensors, simulations, and computation using trapped ions and superconducting circuits.