bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Molecules that Target β‐Amyloid
Authors: Stains Cliff I. , Mondal Kalyani , Ghosh Indraneel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. Part 82. Alcohols with Water‐Revised and Updated: Part 5. C8—C17 Alcohols with Water
Authors: Maczynski Andrzej , Shaw David G. , Goral Marian , Wisniewska‐Goclowska Barbara 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Models for the Hydrogenases Put the Focus Where It Should Be — Hydrogen
Authors: Mealli Carlo , Rauchfuss Thomas B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate
Authors: Linhardt Robert J. , Kim Jin‐Hwan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mild gestational hyperglycaemia as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Negrato Carlos Antonio , Jovanovic Lois , Tambascia Marcos Antonio , Calderon Iracema de Mattos Paranhos , Geloneze Bruno , Dias Adriano , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a cohort of pregnant women with a wide range of glucose tolerance, pre‐pregnancy risk factors for MS during pregnancy and the effects of MS in the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes.Research Design and MethodsOne hundred and thirty six women with positive screening for gestational diabetes (GDM) were classified by two diagnostic methods: glycaemic profile and 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as normoglycaemic, mild gestational hyperglycaemic, GDM, and overt GDM. Markers of insulin resistance were measured between 24–28 and 36th week of gestation, and 6 weeks after delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of MS was 0; 20.0; 23.5 and 36.4% in normoglycaemic, mild hyperglycaemic, GDM and overt GDM groups, respectively. Previous history of GDM with or without insulin use, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, hypertension, family history of diabetes in first‐degree relatives, non‐Caucasian ethnicity, history of prematurity and polyhydramnios were statistically significant pre‐pregnancy predictors for MS in the index pregnancy, that by its turn increased the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes (p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MS increases with the worsening of glucose tolerance and is an independent predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes; impaired glycaemic profile identifies pregnancies with important metabolic abnormalities that are linked to the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes even in the presence of a normal OGTT, in patients that are not currently classified as having GDM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient, inducible Cre‐recombinase activation in vascular endothelium
Authors: Claxton Suzanne , Kostourou Vassiliki , Jadeja Shalini , Chambon Pierre , Hodivala‐Dilke Kairbaan , Fruttiger Marcus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn recent years, gene‐targeting studies in mice have elucidated many molecular mechanisms in vascular biology. However, it has been difficult to apply this approach to the study of postnatal animals because mutations affecting the vasculature are often embryonically lethal. We have therefore generated transgenic mice that express a tamoxifen‐inducible form of Cre recombinase (iCreERT2) in vascular endothelial cells using a phage artificial chromosome (PAC) containing the Pdgfb gene (Pdgfb‐iCreER mice). This allows the genetic targeting of the vascular endothelium in postnatal animals. We tested efficiency of tamoxifen‐induced iCre recombinase activity with ROSA26‐lacZ reporter mice and found that in newborn animals recombination could be achieved in most capillary and small vessel endothelial cells in most organs including the central nervous system. In adult animals, recombination activity was also widespread in capillary beds of skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and gut but not in the central nervous system where only a subpopulation of endothelial cells was labeled. We also tested recombination efficiency in a subcutaneous tumor model and found recombination activity in all detectable tumor blood vessels. Thus, Pdgfb‐iCreER mice are a valuable research tool to manipulate endothelial cells in postnatal mice and study tumor angiogenesis. genesis 46:74–80, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of apoptosis by Drosophila Myc
Authors: Montero Lilian , Müller Nadine , Gallant Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMyc proteins are essential regulators of cellular growth and proliferation during normal development. Activating mutations in myc genes result in excessive growth and are frequently associated with human cancers. At the same time, forced expression of Myc sensitizes vertebrate cells towards different pro‐apoptotic stimuli. Recently, the ability of overexpressed Myc to induce cell‐autonomous apoptosis has been shown to be evolutionarily conserved in Drosophila Myc (dMyc). Here, we show that dMyc induced apoptosis is accompanied by the induction of Drosophila p53 mRNA, but that dp53 activity is not essential for dMyc's ability to induce apoptosis. Conversely, larvae carrying a hypomorphic dmyc mutation are more resistant to the apoptosis‐promoting effects of X‐irradiation. These data suggest that the control of apoptosis is a physiological function of Myc and that dMyc might play a role in the response to DNA damage. genesis 46:104–111, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hexachiral prismatic wingbox concept
Authors: Martin Jamie , Heyder‐Bruckner Jean‐Jacques , Remillat Chrystel , Scarpa Fabrizio , Potter Kevin , Ruzzene Massimo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this work the concept of using a chiral honeycomb as the internal structure for a passively morphing wing is explored. The use of a chiral honeycomb, which features an in‐plane negative Poisson's ratio, potentially offers high deformability whilst maintaining structural integrity of the wing box. A finite element simulation was carried out, coupling a complete two‐dimensional model of the wing and internal structure to a panel code flow solver. An iterative process was then used in order to predict the wing camber change with respect to airflow. The concept was validated experimentally through the construction of a prototype wing for wind‐tunnel testing. The measured response was non‐linear with respect to aerodynamic loading, but the final deflected shape at the design case compared well with the finite element prediction. The concept was proven to work for small camber changes, with larger deflections predicted by tailoring the mechanical properties of the hexachiral core. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of the water surrounding on a long‐distance electron transport in the DNA
Authors: Matulewski J. , Orłowski S. , Baranovskii S. D. , Thomas P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractResults of the molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA double helix structure suggest that the additional low frequency oscillations appear if water surrounding is present as compared to the case of dry DNA. The effect of these oscillations on electron transport along the DNA is studied using a comprehensive quantum‐mechanical coherent approach in the framework of a one‐dimensional Kronig‐Penney model. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibrational excitations in systems with correlated disorder
Authors: Schirmacher W. , Schmid B. , Tomaras C. , Viliani G. , Baldi G. , Ruocco G. , Scopigno T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe investigate a d ‐dimensional model (d = 2,3) for sound waves in a disordered environment, in which the local fluctuations of the elastic modulus are spatially correlated with a certain correlation length. The model is solved analytically by means of a field‐theoretical effective‐medium theory (self‐consistent Born approximation) and numerically on a square lattice. As in the uncorrelated case the theory predicts an enhancement of the density of states over Debye's ωd –1 law (“boson peak”) as a result of disorder. This anomay becomes reinforced for increasing correlation length ξ.The theory predicts that ξ times the width of the Brillouin line should be a universal function of ξ times the wavenumber. Such a scaling is found in the 2d simulation data, so that they can be represented in a universal plot. In the low‐wavenumber regime, where the lattice structure is irrelevant there is excellent agreement between the simulation at small disorder. At larger disorder the continuum theory deviates from the lattice simulation data. It is argued that this is due to an instability of the model with stronger disorder. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanostructured antiferromagnetic spin glass in doped Ge near the insulator–metal transition
Authors: Zabrodskii A. G. , Veinger A. I. , Tisnek T. V. , Goloshchapov S. I. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt is shown that, on the insulator side of the insulator – metal transition, the single spin density exponentially disappears as T → 0. Such spins are bound into pairs to give an antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase. Upon an increase in temperature the AFM phase is destroyed, the single‐spin density, and, as a result, ESR absorption signal becomes stronger. The temperature dependencies of the densities of the pairs and single spins are typical of a chaotic distribution of neutral donors. In this case, there is no Neel temperature. In low degree of compensation, the crystal lattice of Ge with the AFM phase is actually a nanostructured system characterized by anisotropic internal stresses that are the strongest along one of the [110] directions. These stresses give rise to anisotropy of the g‐factor which is responsible for experimentally observed splitting of the ESR line. The compensating impurities destroy the AFM phase and reduce this splitting. Local stresses are present in this case, too, but now they appear because of the Coulomb interaction of oppositely charged impurities and have no preferred orientation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of Lysophosphatidylcholine–Chlorohydrin in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Messner M. C. , Albert C. J. , McHowat J. , Ford D. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPtdCho) levels are elevated in sera in patients with atherosclerosis and in atherosclerotic tissue. Previous studies have shown that reactive chlorinating species attack plasmalogens in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), forming lysoPtdCho and lysoPtdCho–chlorohydrin (lysoPtdCho–ClOH). The results herein demonstrate for the first time that lysoPtdCho–ClOH is elevated over 60‐fold in human atherosclerotic lesions. In cultured HCAEC, 18:0 lysoPtdCho–ClOH led to a statistically significant increase in P‐selectin cell‐surface expression, but unlike 18:1 lysoPtdCho did not lead to cyclooxygenase‐2 protein expression. These data show that 18:0 lysoPtdCho–ClOH is elevated in atherosclerotic tissue and may have unique pro‐atherogenic properties compared to lysoPtdCho.
The Toa Baja Drilling PRoject and current studies in Puerto Rican geology: Introduction and summary
Authors: Larue D. K. 
Published: February 2008

This volume concerns information learned by drilling the Toa Baja well on the north coast of Puerto Rico, and current studies of Puerto Rican geology and tectonics.The Toa Baja Drillsite is located in the North Coast basin of Puerto Rico about 10 km west of San Juan. The hole was spudded on August 23, 1989, and plugged and abandoned on November 7,1989 at a total depth of 2704m. Two lithologies were encountered during drilling: an upper series consisting of Oligocene‐Miocene shallow‐water limestone and sandstone facies, and a lower series consisting of Eocene deep‐water volcaniclastic strata, including some lava flows or shallow intrusions, pelagic marls, and altered igneous rocks or coarsegrained sandstones. Principal findings made during drilling include: 1) the important unconformity separating the upper and lower series at about 579 m; 2) 8 faults defined clearly by dipmeter log; 3) changes in rock type probably associated with reflection events in seismic reflection profiles crossing the drillsite; 4) confirmation of overall low geothennal gradients and heat flow, but presence of a thermal anomaly near 2683 m; 5) documentation of high paleogeothermal gradients using petrographic, isotopic, X‐Ray diffraction and electron microprobe studies; 6) presence of fractures indicating a current extensional tectonic setting.Current studies in the Puerto Rico region include: 1) paleomagnetic evidence for Late Miocene counterclockwise rotation; 2) geochemical evolution of Cretaceous and Eocene igneous rocks; 3) evidence of transtension in the northeast Caribbean plate boundary zone; 4) results of studies of ancient fault zones on Puerto Rico; and 5) stratigraphic studies of the Tertiary of Puerto Rico.
Comment on “Atmospheric contamination: A possible source for heavy noble gases in basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii” by D. B. Patterson, M. Honda, and I. McDougall
Authors: Staudacher Thomas , Sarda Philippe , Allègre Claude J. 
Published: February 2008

Allègre et al. (1983), Staudacher et al. (1986) and Sarda et al. (1988) reported noble gas concentrations and isotopic ratios of basalt glasses from Loihi seamount and Hualalai, Hawaii. The 4He/3He and 40Ar/36Ar ratios of ∼25,000 and 390 ± 50 respectively are different than the air ratio and typical ratios found in MORB glasses. The Ne, Kr and Xe isotopic ratios are the same as those found in air or deep seawater. Based on the different isotopic ratios and the different noble gas concentration patterns of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe compared to air, deep seawater and MORB, these authors concluded that the noble gases enclosed in vesicles from Loihi and Hualalai basalts are not significantly contaminated by atmospheric noble gases, and that the Loihi and Hualalai basalts came from a separate source, namely the lower mantle, with a distinct noble gas signature. In contrast to the upper mantle, which is highly depleted in noble gases, this lower mantle should be not or only slightly outgassed (Allègre et al., 1986).In a recent publication, Patterson et al. (1990), based on our noble gas data (Staudacher et al., 1986; Sarda et al., 1988), propose that Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe noble gas concentrations in basalt glasses could be plausibly explained by a) contamination of the Loihi plume magma prior to eruption with atmospheric noble gases disolved in deep seawater (which they model by elemental noble gas fractionation of a tholeiitic melt that was equilibrated with seawater derived noble gases), and b) elemental fractionation of noble gases during vesicle formation and vesicle loss. We completely disagree with such an interpretation and show here that their argumentation is inconsistent and incorrect.
Effect of varying fluid composition on mass and energy transport in the Earth's crust
Authors: Bodnar R. J. , Costain J. K. 
Published: February 2008

The ability of fluids flowing through a given volume of crustal rock to affect mass and energy transfer is controlled by the physical and chemical nature of the fluid. Most numerical simulations of fluid‐flow and fluid‐rock interaction approximate the mass and energy transfer characteristics of crustal fluids using the physical, thermodynamic and transport properties of H2O. Results of fluid inclusion studies indicate that H2O is, in fact, the dominant component of fluids from most shallow to intermediate depth crustal environments, with other components usually present in varying amounts. In many crustal environments, properties of the fluids are adequately represented by those of the system H2O‐CO2‐NaCl.In the pure H2O system, mass and energy transport properties reach extrema and become very sensitive to small variations in temperature or pressure in a restricted region of P‐T space near the critical point. This “critical region” migrates to higher and lower temperatures as NaCl or CO2, respectively, are added to water, and mass and energy transport properties become less sensitive to temperature or pressure variations when either NaCl or CO2 are added to water.The effect of fluid composition on mass transfer is illustrated by the system SiO2‐H2O‐NaCl. The SiO2‐H2O sub‐system is characterized by a solubility maximum, or region of retrograde solubility, at temperatures and pressures slightly above the critical point of water. Addition of NaCl increases the solubility of silica and shifts the quartz solubility maximum to higher temperatures and pressures relative to pure H2O.
Simulation of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in general circulation model
Authors: Boville Byron A. , Holton James R. , Mote Philip W. 
Published: February 2008

A high resolution stratospheric version of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2) with an annual cycle was used to simulate the global transport and dispersion of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud. A passive tracer was injected into the model stratosphere over the Philippine Islands on model day June 15, and the transport was simulated for 180 days using an accurate semi‐Lagrangian advection scheme.The simulated volcanic aerosol cloud initially drifted westward and expanded in longitude and latitude. The bulk of the aerosol cloud dispersed zonally to form a continuous belt in longitude, and remained confined to the tropics (30°N–25°S) centered near the 20 mb level for the entire 180 day model run, although a small amount was transported episodically into the upper troposphere in association with convective disturbances. Aerosol transported to the troposphere was dispersed within a few weeks into the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. In the Southern Hemisphere the aerosol was mixed into the region equatorward of the core of the polar night jet during the first 50 days, but penetration into Southern Polar latitudes was delayed until the final warming in November.These results, which are generally consistent with observed behavior of the El Chichon aerosol, will be compared with observations of the Pinatubo cloud in the course of the next several months.
A comparative study of scattering, intrinsic, and coda Q−1 for Hawaii, Long Valley, and central California between 1.5 and 15.0 Hz
Authors: Mayeda Kevin , Koyanagi Stuart , Hoshiba Mitsuyuki , Aki Keiiti , Zeng Yuehua 
Published: February 2008

A new method recently developed by Hoshiba et al. (1991) was used to separate the effects of scattering Q−1 and intrinsic Q−1 from an analysis of the S wave and its coda in Hawaii, Long Valley, and central California. Unlike the method of Wu [1985], which involves integration of the entire S wave energy, the new method relies on the integration of the S wave energy for three successive time windows as a function of hypocentral distance. Using the fundamental separability of source, site, and path effects for coda waves, we normalized the energy in each window for many events recorded at many stations to a common site and source. We plotted the geometric spreading‐corrected normalized energy as a function of hypocentral distance. The data for all three time windows were then simultaneously fit to Monte Carlo simulations assuming isotropic body wave scattering in a medium of randomly and uniformly distributed scatterers and uniform intrinsic Q−1. In general, for frequencies less than or equal to 6.0 Hz, scattering Q−1 was greater than intrinsic Q−1, whereas above 6.0 Hz the opposite was true. Model fitting was quite good for frequencies greater than or equal to 6.0 Hz at all distances, despite the model's simplicity. The small range in energy values for any particular time window demonstrates that the site effect can be effectively stripped away using the coda method. Though the model fitting generally worked for 1.5 and 3.0 Hz, the model has difficulty in fitting the whole distance range simultaneously, especially at short distances. Despite the poor fit at low frequency, the results generally support that in all three regions the scattering Q−1 is strongly frequency dependent, decreasing proportional to frequency or faster, whereas intrinsic Q−1 is considerably less frequency dependent. This suggests that the scale length of heterogeneity responsible for scattering is at least comparable to the wavelength for the lowest frequencies studied, of the order of a few kilometers. The lithosphere studied in all three regions can be characterized as a random medium with velocity fluctuation characterized by exponential or Gaussian autocorrelation functions which predict scattering.Q−1 decreasing proportional to frequency or faster. For all frequencies the observed coda Q−1 is intermediate between the total Q−1 and expected coda Q−1 in contrast with theoretical results for an idealized case of uniform distribution of scatterers and homogeneous absorption which predict that coda Q−1 should be close to the intrinsic Q−1. We will discuss possible causes for this discrepancy.
A regional estimate of convective transport of CO from biomass burning
Authors: Pickering Kenneth E. , Scala John R. , Thompson Anne M. , Tao Wei‐Kuo , Simpson Joanne 
Published: February 2008

We present a regional‐scale estimate of the fraction of biomass burning emissions that are transported to the free troposphere by deep convection. The focus is on CO and the study region is a part of Brazil that underwent intensive deforestation in the 1980's. The method of calculation is stepwise, scaling up from a prototype convective event, the dynamics of which are well‐characterized, to the vertical mass flux of carbon monoxide over the region. Satellite‐derived observations of the area extent of pollution from biomass burning and convective cloud cover are used in the scaling.Given uncertainties in CO emissions from biomass burning and the representativeness of the protoype event, it is estimated that 10–40 percent of CO emissions from the burning region may be rapidly transported to the free troposphere over the burning region. These relatively fresh emissions will produce O3 efficiently in the free troposphere where O3 has a longer lifetime than in the boundary layer.