bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedures for Identification of Design Attributes for Mental Hospital Treatment Units
Authors: Kroelinger Michael D. 
Published: June 2008

This paper summarizes the purposes, procedures and results of the Environmental Design Research Project conducted at the Arizona State Hospital. This research was conducted to identify important attributes that influence the design of mental hospital treatment units, assess staff perception of these attributes, and confirm resident activities on existing wards. The field research was conducted to provide an empirical basis for the development of a performance–based design guide for designing new, or modifying existing, treatment units. Environmental control, health safety and welfare, maintenance, and staff control attributes were rated “most useful” in the staff's evaluation. Personalization, orientation, and activity–related attributes seemed less critical, according to staff. In addition, observation research confirmed the activity patterns of elderly residents on two of the hospital treatment units.
Irving Gill: A Neglected Design Visionary
Authors: Bicknell Catherine 
Published: June 2008

It is hard to know with certainty who influenced whom in the period of architectural ferment around 1910. There is no doubt that American architects received and perused progressive journals and portfolios from Europe. However, it is unlikely that Gill was significantly influenced by Adolf Loos. There is not even a chance that they met, and it is clear that the two architects built their first experimental works at the same time. What may have been the more formative influence that threads through the ideas of both Loos and Gill is the core of the Sullivan concepts that each man was able to develop and expand so similarly in design expression but so differently in their writings. The strength and determination shown by Irving Gill in his own interpretation of pure form is surely a unique phenomenon. While around him the leading architects in California were indulging in Churrigueresque ornament, he held fast to his principles. This was a remarkable achievement when one considers his isolation from the pioneers of design in Chicago and Europe. On the evidence of his buildings and writings it is clear that he was a pioneer in his own right. Indeed, his writings may be regarded as a missing manifesto.
The Luminous Environment in Residential Designs by Bruce Goff
Authors: Anderson Georgina M. , Shroyer JoAnn L. , McKown Cora F. , Gustafson A. William , Robinson Willard E. , Gentry Stephen R. 
Published: June 2008

The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate the luminous elements and conditions in selected residential interior spaces designed by Bruce Goff, architect. Additionally, the study determined levels of client participation in the design process and satisfaction with the luminous environment. For a holistic examination of the luminous environments, the case study method was employed. The approach incorporated multiple sources of evidence, including archival materials, personal interviews, mailed questionnaires, lighting assessments, and photo–documentation. The findings suggested that the design of the luminous environment was derived largely from the individual architectural and design characteristics of a project. Goff's abilities to capitalize on the variability of daylight and the emotive qualities of light were among his principal strengths. Also the findings revealed that, consistent with his advocacy of client involvement, Goff worked closely with clients during the design process. High levels of user satisfaction with luminous conditions may be related in part to active participation in the design. “His work contains humor and wit, and engages the instincts no less than the mind; it has certainly moved far from Corbu's ‘magnificent play of (white) solids… under light’. He is uninhibited in his use of color, which he uses to create mood in accordance with his client's wishes, and he is a master of light [author's]. He uses reflected and water–dappled light to animate the daytime experience and glimmering firelight and sparkle to accentuate his spaces at night.” (Sergeant, 1978, p. 4)
Southern California Professionals Speak Out: Textile Competencies for Interior Designers
Authors: Sondhi Lydia , Stanley Sue 
Published: June 2008

A survey of professional members of two chapters of the American Society of Interior Design in Southern California was conducted to determine the criteria used as well as the textile competencies needed to specify textiles. Descriptive statistics were used, and the results indicated that appearance was the leading criterion followed by compliance with required codes and standards. Manufacturer labels were an important source of information for textile specification decisions. Identification of textile competencies centered around fabric characteristics and performance characteristics directly related to interior applications. Responses supported the importance of a strong textiles background for today's professionals. Academia is challenged to provide the appropriate coursework which should include components on codes/standards as well as application experience. Summary The results of this study point to the importance placed on a strong background in textiles by professional interior designers. Textile specification criteria, especially appearance and performance, rely on textile competencies for satisfactory choices. Label information is unusable for decision making if the designer does not comprehend the significance of the information due to an inadequate background in textiles. Responses from Southern California professional interior designers supported the importance of a strong textiles background. They look to academia for the acquisition of textile competencies. Textile coursework should include fabric characteristics competencies and performance characteristics competencies directly related to interior applications. Codes/ standards should be a component in textile coursework servicing interior design majors. Information regarding textile labeling should be important to the textile industry. Results indicate a clear call for more information on performance characteristics, specifically codes/standards. Though regulations vary by jurisdiction, an effort by the textile industry to provide comprehensive codes/standards label information would be helpful. The next step in this research is to contact colleges and universities that have interior design programs and determine the specific competencies incorporated in textile coursework taken by interior design students. By developing a comprehensive picture of designated necessary competencies and textile course content, the issues of lack of background, program deficiencies in textiles, and the overall feeling of a lack of adequate textile background can be addressed.
George Nakashima, Master Woodworker: Integrated Philosophy and Process
Authors: Rymer Jeanne S. , Van Orden Sally L. 
Published: June 2008

George Nakashima produced contemporary wood furniture for almost fifty years in his New Hope, Pennsylvania, workshop. Almost from the beginning of his woodworking career he was acknowledged as a uniquely talented purist who integrated his appreciation of nature and his personal philosophy of allowing trees a “second life” with his organically designed furniture. This paper explores the many influences on Nakashima's development as a designer and master woodworker. It examines his almost metaphysical approach to deriving designs from his philosophy as well as from typical aesthetic bases. His early life experiences as a Japanese–American who traveled the world searching for the proper vehicle to express his beliefs provided the foundation for his individualistic designs and processes of manufacture. Sketches reveal how his intuitive design approach to furniture was inspired by each unique piece of wood. Photographs record visual information about his standard line as well as some typical custom pieces. The philosophical beliefs that shaped his design approaches and processes are explored.
An Experiential Framework for International Interior Design Education
Authors: Guerin Denise A. , Mason Bonnie C. 
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this paper is, first, to present an experiential framework for an international interior design course and, second, to determine if this framework assisted the students in attaining the course goals. The course, European Design, is a study–tour of five major cities in Europe. The experiential framework is based on Greenberg's (1978) four constructs of experiential learning as well as a fifth construct based on the authors’ experience with international study programs. These constructs are well–planned experiences, serious study, opportunities for reflection, interchange with other learners, and use of a design focus in each city to guide learning. The goals of the course are to increase students’ knowledge of European design characteristics and their sensitivity to culturally based design. Data were collected from students who participated in the European Design course over the past ten years. Statistical analysis showed that the two hypotheses (1) use of the experiential framework increased student knowledge about European design characteristics, and (2) use of the experiential framework increased student sensitivity to culturally based design, were not rejected. This finding provides support for use of the framework for experiential international interior design education. The need for interior design students to participate in international education and experiential learning also is discussed.
Are we Speaking the Same Language?
Authors: Dickson Ann W. , White Allison Carll 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to ascertain from the leaders of interior design practitioner organizations their perceptions regarding the purpose, need, and role of research and the types and sources of research used in practice. RESEARCH DESIGN: Using a modified DELPHI technique, two successive surveys were designed and sent to leaders in the Unified Voice Task Force. The first survey solicited responses from all participating organizations on the task force. The second survey, which was generated from responses to the first survey, obtained perceptions regarding research from leaders in only the design practitioner organizations. ANALYSIS: Cross–tabular presentation of the data was used in the analysis. Statistical significance was determined using chi–square where possible. For tables with too few observations per cell, the Fisher Exact Test was used to determine statistical significance. KEY FINDINGS: Analysis of the data reveals that there is dichotomy of language within the profession. Practitioners’ perceptions of research are multifaceted and pragmatic in nature. The findings indicated that practitioners have a preference for “soft” types and sources of information in their design problem–solving process. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of attention to developing a body of knowledge from within is threatening the existence of interior design as a separate and distinct profession. Interior design educators, practitioners, and industry representatives need to hold discussions to address the language differences that exist as well as the purpose, need, and role of research.
Design Lessons from Sir John Soane
Authors: Hing Allan M. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: An architect's home is a special place because it gives the architect the opportunity to experiment and develop ideas. Sir John Soane (1753–1837) worked on his home for forty–five years. Because it represents design ideas over this long period, the home can be studied for its content rather than its style. Soane's ideas and their roots, the role of drawing in the design process, and the cultural and aesthetic themes that influenced his work provide a way to discuss design ideas. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research was conducted on site at Soane's London home on Lincoln's Inn Fields with its vast collection of drawings and historical documents. The research was structured around a graduate history and theory program in London which focused on historiography. ANALYSIS: The methodology was to find reasons for Soane's design decisions through similarities and derivations in design and to make analytical and objective conclusions, especially in Soane's settings and narratives. KEY FINDINGS: There are three major lessons to be learned from Soane. First, he used the past as a guide to create original exteriors and interiors. Second, drawing was important for both experimentation and documentation in his design process. The third and most interesting lesson deals with the period's aesthetic and cultural themes. These themes give a richer and a more meaningful understanding to the man and his architecture such as his use of light and the sublime and his spatial interpretations of the picturesque, classicism, and primitivism. CONCLUSION: Content, not style, is the best approach in discussing Soane. Soane can be useful as a model in the classroom in discussing others who are more theoretical and for students in their search for role models or heroes.
Virtual Reality
Authors: Helmick Richard 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this essay is to investigate the possibility that experiences and ideas other than design content will become dominant as designers and educators incorporate virtual reality into their practices and curricula. RESEARCH DESIGN: The essay synthesizes historical fact and authoritative opinion to yield a speculative answer to the question, Will design simulation in virtual reality tend to displace rather than communicate design content? ANALYSIS: The essay imaginatively and logically connects the perceptual phenomenon of analogue takeover to the concepts of idealism, immediate environment, and quantum physics to speculate on the strength of analogue takeover in virtual reality design simulations. KEY FINDINGS: The essay surmises that analogue takeover will be more severe in virtual reality design simulations than it is in traditional perceptual simulations such as renderings. The severity of the problem will increase as virtual reality techniques improve, although when virtual reality is perceived as our immediate environment, the problem will abate. CONCLUSIONS: Aware persons can consciously direct their attention toward design content and resist the effects of analogue takeover. Unaware persons will be seduced unwittingly by the medium while thinking they are responding to design content.
Complexity and Mystery as Predictors of Interior Preferences
Authors: Scott Suzanne C. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the validity of complexity and mystery as predictors of interior preferences and to identify design attributes related to their perception in interiors. RESEARCH DESIGN: Preference ratings for 80 diverse interiors presented as black and white slides were provided by 321 college students. These were compared to ratings of two independent groups of students (n = 31 each) who sorted photographs of the scenes according to assessments of either complexity or mystery. ANALYSIS: Quantitative relationships among complexity, mystery, and preference were described by Pearson's correlation coefficients. Design attributes related to perceptions of complexity and mystery were identified via visual content analyses of the environmental sample sequenced according to mean complexity and mystery ratings. KEY FINDINGS: Complexity and mystery were positively related to preference ( r= .8164 and r= .5832, p < .001, 1–tailed, respectively), and also to each other ( r= .4195, p < .001, 1–tailed). Design characteristics underlying perceptions of complexity included the number and variety of elements present, the composition of scene elements, and the scene's spatial geometry. Perceptions of mystery were associated with scene accessibility, distance to the nearest point of interest, screening of view, degree of enclosure, and presence of dramatic brightness contrasts. CONCLUSION: This study points to the utility of information models for explaining interior preferences and provides specific design direction for manipulating complexity and mystery within interior environments.
Image Files: An Interactive Resource for History of Modern Architecture
Authors: Kriebel Marjorie 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: Students in a history of modern architecture course receive much of their visual information through the medium of projected images in a lecture format. Additional images provided within written text present material in a preestablished order, rather than in a format that invites student participation, and may limit the students’ ability to discover comparative relationships. APPLICATION: Student–owned computers make information available at the student's choice of time and place in a format that invites student participation. GOAL: A computer file of images serves as a resource for improving instruction by providing an interactive, nonsequential study tool while encouraging students to experiment and become more familiar with computer use. DESCRIPTION: Over 150 images were scanned from slides and incorporated into a database program that could be used on a student's personal computer (Macintosh SE or better). Images can be selected and grouped by architect/designer, location, date, and words entered by students; they can be viewed with or without text; and two can be viewed simultaneously. CONCLUSION: Although most students reported using the image files, they seemed to prefer hard–copy prints. Student interest in having images included in the notes for the course resulted in the scanning and incorporating of approximately 200 images in the photocopy packet for use in a subsequent term.
Workscape 21: The Ecology of New Ways of Working
Authors: Becker Franklin 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: How organizations can use all their available resources to their fullest potential to become more competitive over time. APPLICATION: Develop an international consortium that will support research that has tangible organizational benefits as well as contributing to the general knowledge base about how the planning, design, and management of the workplace affect organizational effectiveness. GOAL: Use research to influence organizational leaders’ approach to implementing new ways of working. DESCRIPTION: Conduct a series of worldwide case studies which examine both the process for implementing a workplace innovation and its consequences for the organization and individual workers. Innovations have included the study of nonterritorial and universal plan offices; new approaches to the strategic management of an organizational real estate portfolio; benchmarking of new working practices; analysis of the process of moving from small–scale to large–scale implementations of innovative practices; and the development of an expert–based interactive multimedia computer program that helps organizations anticipate the organizational consequences of implementing different workplace strategies. CONCLUSION: The research is being used by companies all over the world to guide their thinking about both the nature of different workplace strategies and the best way of implementing them successfully.
Popular Film Media and Viewers‘ Preference for Interior Design Characteristics
Authors: Corry Shauna , Thompson Jo Ann Asher 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study examines the influence of visual images from the media on viewers, specifically, the influence of popular film media on viewers’ preference for interior life–style design characteristics that are defined as exemplifying straight, clean lines and lack of adornment. RESEARCH DESIGN: A pretest/post–test research design was used with 168 subjects. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined whether exposure to a popular film video significantly influenced the subjects’ preference for life–style design characteristics. ANALYSIS: Analyses were conducted on the total sample (N = 168), low–exposure subjects (N = 75), and high–exposure subjects (N = 93), using 0.05 level of significance as an indicator. In addition, the influence of gender, community size, and age were tested. KEY FINDINGS: Gender, age, and community size were shown to affect the influence of popular film media on preference, especially among women between the ages of 23 and 30. High–exposure viewers preferred life–style design characteristics, and low–exposure viewers preferred traditional design characteristics, which were defined as those that reflected or imitated historical styles. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the visual images in popular film media have a direct influence on viewers’ preference for interior design characteristics. Questions arise concerning the influence of popular film media on design education, on its economic effect on the design industry, and on its role in social and cultural issues.
Health Care from the Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Orr Robin Diane 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: Designers and professionals can enhance the quality and outcomes of patient care by focusing on the patients’ perspectives and experience. APPLICATION: A comprehensive, patient–centered approach to facility design and the delivery of health care services can be developed. GOAL: The report hopes to promote the development and implementation of demonstration projects as “laboratories” to research and refine the elements of humanistic, patient–centered care. DESCRIPTION: A health care administrator involved in the implementation of the Planetree Model Hospital Project presents the background, motivation, and elements of this approach at two national demonstration sites. The design of physical spaces in health care facilities can be a major contributor to a more effective, satisfying experience for patients. Translating the values, principles, and programs of the patient–centered model requires a break from the traditional approach to health care design. Health care and design professionals, committed to creating a more humanistic health care experience, must focus on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of the patient. CONCLUSION: The future of health care delivery and facility design must be patient–centered and dedicated to a broad vision of healing. Expanding upon and refining the work of pioneers in this arena will require the commitment and involvement of design researchers, educators, and practitioners sensitive to the underlying values and principles of this approach.
Pregnancy and the Work Environment
Authors: Kaplan Archie 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: The design community can respond to the need to accommodate pregnant women in the office environment. By extension, the report addresses the design of flexible work spaces responsive to people with special needs and the broader issue of accommodating women in a variety of workplaces traditionally designed for men. APPLICATION: To promote a more balanced approach on the part of the design profession, from a primary concern with the visual and aesthetic to an equal concern for ergonomic factors such as comfort, safety, and stress reduction in the work environment. GOAL: Data were compiled on women's needs, particularly their spatial, anatomical, and emotional needs during pregnancy. Designers of office environments and designers and manufacturers of office equipment need to become aware of the requirements of groups with special needs. DESCRIPTION: The critical elements in addressing the needs of pregnant women in the workplace are (1) recognition that over the course of pregnancy various physical and psychological changes take place; (2) reconsideration of the general office work area and individual work station in the light of these changes. CONCLUSION: By addressing the unmet needs of workers, both women and men, who are temporarily handicapped, the design profession will benefit in several ways. Such an approach will help meet workers’ needs and result in greater productivity, and the profession will be perceived as having a serious concern with the mechanics of the working environment as well as its appearance.