bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The personal service gap: Factors affecting adolescents' willingness to seek help
Authors: Raviv Amiram , Raviv Alona , Vago‐Gefen Idit , Fink Abby Schachter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe study explores adolescents' attitudes toward seeking help for emotional problems. The personal service gap is examined by asking adolescents about their willingness to refer themselves and others to formal (psychologists) and informal (friends) help sources, using a within‐subjects design. The study included 662 Israeli adolescents in the 10th and 12th grades. The results indicate that adolescents refer peers more than themselves to a psychologist and to a friend. They are also more willing to refer themselves and peers to a friend rather than to a psychologist. Barriers to seeking psychological help are explored and significant correlations between perceptions of psychological benefit, problem severity and barriers to help seeking are described. Recommendations for increasing adolescents' awareness and use of help sources are suggested.
A comparison of postoperative recovery from laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty using different laser systems
Authors: Pavelec Vaclav , Bohmanova Jarmila 
Published: September 2008

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5 power lasers (CO2, diode, KTP, ErCr:YS66, and ND:YVO4) in laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty.MethodsThis is a prospective study of 100 patients who were treated for snoring by laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty with different lasers.ResultsThe number of days of pain medication use and the time to return to normal diet were used as indicators of recovery from surgery. Median of pain medication use was 9, 7, 7, 5, and 4 days, and the median of the time to return to normal diet was 8, 7, 7, 6, and 4 days in the CO2, diode, KTP, Nd:YVO4, and Er‐CrYSGG groups, respectively.ConclusionsDifferences in postoperative recovery were observed. Probands treated with ErCrYSGG laser recovered more quickly than the Nd:YVO4, diode, KTP, and CO2groups.
Choanal atresia: Long‐term follow‐up with objective evaluation of nasal airway and olfaction
Authors: Leclerc Jacques E. , Leclerc Jean Thomas 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the status of nasal airway and olfaction of adult subjects born with choanal atresia (CA).Study Design and SettingA case‐control study was conducted to compare the quality of nasal airway and olfaction in a group of adults born with CA to a similar group of normal subjects. Objective evaluation of nasal airway and olfaction were done respectively by acoustic rhinometry and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).ResultsThirty‐six choanal atresia patients aged 16 to 36 were found in the medical records. Five bilateral and two unilateral cases were recruited for the study. An average score of 27/40 (moderate hyposmia) was obtained by the bilateral cases compared with 37/40 (normal) by the controls. These results were statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed rank test and sign test statistic, P = 0.03).ConclusionsUsing the UPSIT, the bilateral CA patients have shown, on average, a moderate loss of the sense of smell when compared with normal controls of a similar age group. Acoustic rhinometry is not a useful study for posterior nasal conditions.
Retrocochlear mass lesion in mid‐frequency sudden deafness
Authors: Lin Yi‐Tsen , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveThis study retrospectively reviewed all cases of mid‐frequency sudden deafness to understand the clinical significance of this hallmark finding.Study DesignRetrospective study.Subjects and MethodsFrom 1992 to 2006, a total of 556 patients with sudden deafness were experienced. Based on the audiographic configuration, these patients were classified into: flat‐type group, 272 cases; high‐frequency group, 146 cases; low‐frequency group, 70 cases; mid‐frequency group, 30 cases; and unclassified group, 38 cases. All patients underwent a battery of audiovestibular function testing.ResultsAmong 556 sudden deafness patients, 17 patients (3%) were proved to have a retrocochlear tumor, including mid‐frequency group (10), high‐frequency group (4), flat‐type group (2), and low‐frequency group (1). Thus, the mid‐frequency group had significantly higher (33%) association with a retrocochlear tumor than other groups.ConclusionOne‐third of the patients with mid‐frequency sudden deafness harbor a true retrocochlear mass lesion; hence, MR imaging is mandatory in such cases.
Quantitative morphology of facial nerve based on three‐dimensional reconstruction of temporal bone
Authors: Ni Yusu , Sha Yan , Dai PeiDong , Li Huawei 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveTo investigate an effective method of quantitative analysis of the facial nerve and its adjacent structures on the basis of three‐dimensional (3D) CT image reconstruction of the temporal bone.MethodsThe inner structures of the temporal bone from CT images of 34 healthy adults were reconstructed. Precise measurement of the facial nerve and its adjacent structures were accomplished by using Able Software 3D‐DOCTOR.Results3D images of temporal bone structures, including facial nerve, tympanic annulus, cochleariform process, cochlea, semicircular canals, jugular fossa, and carotid artery, were reconstructed. Quantitative data of the facial nerve and its adjacent structures were analyzed, especially the detailed spatial relationships between the facial nerve and the surface of the mastoid process or tympanomastoid fissure.Conclusion3D reconstruction of CT images clearly displayed the detailed structures of the temporal bone. Quantitative data of the facial nerve and its adjacent structures are very useful for temporal bone surgery.
Spirochetes in otology: Are we testing for the right pathogens?
Authors: Abuzeid Waleed M. , Ruckenstein Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence rate of otosyphilis and Lyme‐associated labyrinthine disease among patients presenting with idiopathic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss and, thus, to provide recommendations regarding the diagnostic workup.Study DesignA prospective cohort study of patients presenting to a university hospital otology clinic with idiopathic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss between 1998 and 2006.Subjects and MethodsCases in which hearing loss was clearly attributable to other causes were excluded, leaving 181 patients (mean age 55.6 years). History, physical examination, autoimmune laboratory tests, syphilis and Lyme serology, audio‐metric assessment, and MRI were performed in all cases.ResultsNine cases (4.9%) of otosyphilis and none of Lyme disease were diagnosed by serological tests.ConclusionRoutine serological testing for otosyphilis, but not Lyme disease, is recommended for all cases of idiopathic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss.
Experimentally induced phonation increases matrix metalloproteinase‐1 gene expression in normal rabbit vocal fold
Authors: Rousseau Bernard , Ge PingJiang , French Lesley C. , Zealear David L. , Thibeault Susan L. , Ossoff Robert H. 
Published: September 2008

ObjectivesAn in vivo rabbit model was used to study the effect of 3 hours of experimentally induced phonation on messenger RNA expression of the normal vocal fold.Study DesignProspective; animal model.Subjects and MethodsTen rabbits received experimental phonation for 3 hours, followed by 1 hour of recovery. A separate group of 5 rabbits served as no‐phonation controls. We measured messenger RNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1, MMP‐9, and interleukin‐1β using real‐time reverse‐transcribed polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression ratios from phonation and control animals were assessed with the Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsPhonation (77 ± 3 dB; 429 ± 141 Hz) resulted in increased matrix metalloproteinase‐1 gene expression from rabbits receiving experimental phonation compared with controls, and a nonsignificant increase in matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and interleukin‐1β gene expression.ConclusionMatrix metalloproteinases play a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Investigation of cellular responses to experimental phonation may provide insight into how matrix metalloproteinases and other extracellular matrices contribute to maintenance of the vocal fold and development of pathology.
Imperial historicism and American military rule in the Philippines' Muslim south
Authors: Hawkins Michael 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWhen American imperialists seized the Philippines at the dawning of the twentieth century, their guiding philosophy was predicated upon broadly conceived notions of cultural and political historicism. The unwavering self-assurance required to rule over millions of unfamiliar imperial subjects derived its potency from an unquestioned panoptic view of history. This epistemological tool of imperialism found an especially unique and fascinating expression in the United States' politico-military rule over Filipino Muslims. This article explores the creation and processes of imperial taxonomy among Moro populations while accounting for a number of disturbing disruptions and anomalies in the Americans' historical narrative (such as slavery and Islamic civilisation) that threatened to unravel the tightly circumscribed concept of a uniform and interpretable progressive transitional past. It also examines the ways in which American imperialists accounted for these anomalies, and manipulated their own interpretations of the past and the present to maintain the integrity of their philosophical imperial foundations.
Beyond fun and friendship: the Red Hat Society as a coping resource for older women
Authors: HUTCHINSON SUSAN L. , YARNAL CAREEN M. , STAFFORDSON JULIE , KERSTETTER DEBORAH L. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTHow older women cope with challenges and losses in later life influences not only their physical health but also their psychological wellbeing and quality of life. The purpose of the analysis reported in this paper was to understand how participation in a women's leisure-based social group – the Red Hat Society® – serves as a coping resource for older women. The Society is an international organisation of women aged 50 or more years and has the mission to ‘celebrate the silliness of life’. The Society currently has an estimated one million members in 30 countries. To understand the ways that social group participation may contribute to older women's health and wellbeing, this paper examines the dynamics of leisure-based coping with positive emotions as the focus. Based on an analysis of responses to an open-ended question about meaningful experiences associated with being involved in the Red Hat Society, the sample of 272 members identified the main reasons for their involvement as chronic and acute stressors, challenging life transitions and daily hassles. In addition, they described four ways that participation helped them to manage these stressors: as a context for social support, emotional regulation, sustaining coping efforts, and meaning-focused coping. The results are discussed in relation to theory and previous evidence on the role of positive emotions and leisure in coping.
Phenology of high-elevation pelagic bacteria: the roles of meteorologic variability, catchment inputs and thermal stratification in structuring communities
Authors: Nelson Craig E 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Many eukaryotic communities exhibit predictable seasonality in species composition, but such phenological patterns are not well-documented in bacterial communities. This study quantified seasonal variation in the community composition of bacterioplankton in a high-elevation lake in the Sierra Nevada of California over a 3-year period of 2004–2006. Bacterioplankton exhibited consistent phenological patterns, with distinct, interannually recurring community types characteristic of the spring snowmelt, ice-off and fall-overturn periods in the lake. Thermal stratification was associated with the emergence of specific communities each summer and increased community heterogeneity throughout the water column. Two key environmental variables modulated by regional meteorologic variation, lake residence time and thermal stability, predicted the timing of occurrence of community types each year with 75% accuracy, and each corresponded with different aspects of variation in community composition (orthogonal ordination axes). Seasonal variation in dissolved organic matter source was characterized fluorometrically in 2005 and was highly correlated with overall variation in bacterial community structure (rMantel=0.75, P&lt;0.001) and with the relative contributions of specific phylotypes within the Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and β-Proteobacteria. The seasonal dynamics of bacterial clades (tracked through coupling of randomized clone sequence libraries to restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprints) matched previous results from alpine lakes and were variously related to solute inputs, thermal stability and temperature. Taken together, these results describe a phenology of high-elevation bacterioplankton communities linked to climate-driven physical and chemical lake characteristics already known to regulate eukaryotic plankton community structure.
Millisecond-scale differences in neural activity in auditory cortex can drive decisions
Authors: Yang Yang , DeWeese Michael , Otazu Gonzalo , Zador Anthony 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNeurons in the auditory cortex can lock with millisecond precision to the fine timingof acoustic stimuli, but it is not known whether this precise spike timing can be usedto guide decisions. We used chronically implanted microelectrode pairs to stimulateneurons in the rat auditory cortex directly. Here we demonstrate that rats canexploit differences in the timing of cortical activity as short as three milliseconds toguide decisions.
Populational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from different appellations of origin and grape varieties by microsatellite analysis.
Authors: Pereira Leonor , Duarte Filomena , Ramos Paulo , Alemão Maria , Gomes Paula , Gomes Ana , Sousa Susana , Machado Sofia , Santos Manuel , Casal Margarida , Schuller Dorit 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate populational relationships among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from some of the Portuguese most important grapevine varieties in different appellations of origin, using polymorphic microsatellites. One hundred ninety two grape samples were collected during the 2006 and 2007 harvest season in the Vinho Verde (grape varieties: Arinto, Alvarinho, Avesso, Loureiro, Touriga Nacional) Bairrada (grape varieties: Arinto, Baga, Castelão Francês, Maria Gomes, Touriga Nacional) Alentejo (grape varieties, Aragonês, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional), Terras do Sado (grape variety Castelão) Bucelas (grape variety Arinto) and Estremadura (grape varieties: Arinto, Aragonês, Castelão, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional) appellations of origin. From the final stage of spontaneous fermentations, 2820 yeast isolates were obtained, mainly belonging to the species S. cerevisiae. An initial genetic screen, based on mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA RFLP) and/or interdelta sequence analysis was followed by microsatellite analysis of strains with unique genetic profiles, using 10 highly polymorphic microsatellites. Our results showed that microsatellite analysis revealed a high resolution populational screen, showing that genetic differences and populational structures among S. cerevisiae populations derived from both “diagnostic” vineyard-, specific alleles and the accumulation of small allele-frequency differences across ten microsatellite loci. Heterozygosity was three to four times lower than the expected value, confirming the strong populational substructuring. The presented large-scale approach shows that each vineyard contains differentiated S. cerevisiae populations, showing the occurrence of specific native strains that can be associated with a terroir. Financially supported by the programs POCI 2010 (FEDER/FCT, POCTI/AGR/56102/2004) and AGRO (ENOSAFE, Nº 762).
Mammographic features and histopathological findings of interval breast cancers
Authors: Hofvind S. , Geller B. , Skaane P. 
Published: September 2008

Background: Interval cancers are considered a shortcoming in screening mammography due to less favorable prognostic tumor characteristics compared to screening-detected cancers and consequently a lower chance of survival from the disease. Purpose: To describe the mammographic features and prognostic histopathological tumor characteristics of interval breast cancers. Material and Methods: A total of 231 interval breast cancer cases diagnosed in prevalently screened women aged 50–69 years old were examined. Thirty-five percent of the cases were retrospectively classified as missed cancers, 23% as minimal sign, and 42% as true negative (including occult cancers) in a definitive classification performed by six experienced breast radiologists. The retrospective classification described the mammographic features of the baseline screening mammograms in missed and minimal-sign interval cancers, while histopathological reports were used to describe the tumor characteristics in all the subgroups of interval cancers. Results: Fifty percent of the missed and minimal-sign interval cancers combined presented poorly defined mass or asymmetric density, and 26% calcifications with or without associated density or mass at baseline screening. Twenty-seven percent of invasive tumors were <15 mm for missed and 47% for true interval cancers ( P<0.001). Lymph node involvement was more common in missed (49%) compared with the true cases (33%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Missed interval cancers have less prognostically favorable histopathological tumor characteristics compared with true interval cancers. Improving the radiologist's perception and interpretation by establishing systematic collection of features and implementation of organized reviews may decrease the number of interval cancers in a screening program.
Memories as Assets: Strategic Memory Protection in Choice over Time
Authors: Zauberman Gal , Ratner Rebecca K. , Kim B. Kyu 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We present five studies supporting our strategic memory protection theory. When people make decisions about experiences to consume over time, they treat their memories of previous experiences as assets to be protected. The first two studies demonstrate that people tend to avoid situations that they believe will threaten their ability to retrieve special (rather than merely pleasant) memories. The next three studies demonstrate that people seek to obtain memory pointers to help them cue special memories at a later time when they anticipate interference from subsequent events. These preferences are driven by people's lay theories about the importance and difficulty of obtaining and retrieving special memories.
Chemical substructures that enrich for biological activity
Authors: Klekota Justin , Roth Frederick P. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Certain chemical substructures are present in many drugs. This has led to the claim of ‘privileged’ substructures which are predisposed to bioactivity. Because bias in screening library construction could explain this phenomenon, the existence of privilege has been controversial.
Results: Using diverse phenotypic assays, we defined bioactivity for multiple compound libraries. Many substructures were associated with bioactivity even after accounting for substructure prevalence in the library, thus validating the privileged substructure concept. Determinations of privilege were confirmed in independent assays and libraries. Our analysis also revealed ‘underprivileged’ substructures and ‘conditional privilege’—rules relating combinations of substructure to bioactivity. Most previously reported substructures have been flat aromatic ring systems. Although we validated such substructures, we also identified three-dimensional privileged substructures. Most privileged substructures display a wide variety of substituents suggesting an entropic mechanism of privilege. Compounds containing privileged substructures had a doubled rate of bioactivity, suggesting practical consequences for pharmaceutical discovery.
Contact: fritz_roth@hms.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Combining partial correlation and an information theory approach to the reversed engineering of gene co-expression networks
Authors: Reverter Antonio , Chan Eva K. F. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Motivation: We present PCIT, an algorithm for the reconstruction of gene co-expression networks (GCN) that combines the concept partial correlation coefficient with information theory to identify significant gene to gene associations defining edges in the reconstruction of GCN. The properties of PCIT are examined in the context of the topology of the reconstructed network including connectivity structure, clustering coefficient and sensitivity.
Results: We apply PCIT to a series of simulated datasets with varying levels of complexity in terms of number of genes and experimental conditions, as well as to three real datasets. Results show that, as opposed to the constant cutoff approach commonly used in the literature, the PCIT algorithm can identify and allow for more moderate, yet not less significant, estimates of correlation (r) to still establish a connection in the GCN. We show that PCIT is more sensitive than established methods and capable of detecting functionally validated gene–gene interactions coming from absolute r values as low as 0.3. These bona fide associations, which often relate to genes with low variation in expression patterns, are beyond the detection limits of conventional fixed-threshold methods, and would be overlooked by studies relying on those methods.
Availability: FORTRAN 90 source code to perform the PCIT algorithm is available as Supplementary File 1.
Contact: tony.reverter-gomez@csiro.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
XA27 Depends on an Amino-Terminal Signal-Anchor-Like Sequence to Localize to the Apoplast for Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae
Authors: Wu Lifang , Goh Mei Ling , Sreekala Chellamma , Yin Zhongchao 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The rice (Oryza sativa) gene Xa27 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight disease in rice. Sequence analysis of the deduced XA27 protein provides little or no clue to its mode of action, except that a signal-anchor-like sequence is predicted at the amino (N)-terminal region of XA27. As part of an effort to characterize the biochemical function of XA27, we decided to determine its subcellular localization. Initial studies showed that a functional XA27-green fluorescent protein fusion protein accumulated in vascular elements, the host sites where the bacterial blight pathogens multiply. The localization of XA27-green fluorescent protein to the apoplast was verified by detection of the protein on cell walls of leaf sheath and root cells after plasmolysis. Similarly, XA27-FLAG localizes to xylem vessels and cell walls of xylem parenchyma cells, revealed by immunogold electron microscopy. XA27-FLAG could be secreted from electron-dense vesicles in cytoplasm to the apoplast via exocytosis. The signal-anchor-like sequence has an N-terminal positively charged region including a triple arginine motif followed by a hydrophobic region. Deletion of the hydrophobic region or substitution of the triple arginine motif with glycine or lysine residues abolished the localization of the mutated proteins to the cell wall and impaired the plant's resistance to X. oryzae pv oryzae. These results indicate that XA27 depends on the N-terminal signal-anchor-like sequence to localize to the apoplast and that this localization is important for resistance to X. oryzae pv oryzae.