bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentation in a tropical, microtidal, wave‐dominated coastal‐plain estuary
Authors: ANTHONY E. J. , LANG J. , OYÉDE L. M. 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTThe Mono estuary is an infilled, microtidal estuary located on the wave‐dominated Bight of Benin coast which is subject to very strong eastward longshore drift. The estuarine fill comprises a thick unit of lagoonal mud deposited in a ‘central basin’between upland fluvial deposits and estuary‐mouth wave‐tide deposits. This lagoonal fill is capped by organic‐rich tidal flat mud. In addition to tidal flat mud, the superficial facies overlying the ‘central basin’fill include remnants of spits resting on transgressive/washover sand, an estuary‐mouth association of beach, shoreface, flood‐tidal delta and tidal inlet deposits, and a thin sheet of fluvial sediments deposited over tidal flat mud.After an initial phase of spit intrusion over the infilled central basin east of the present Mono channel, the whole estuary mouth became bounded by a regressive barrier formed from sand supplied by the Volta Delta during the middle Holocene eustatic highstand. Barrier progradation ceased late in the Holocene following the establishment of an equilibrium plan‐form shoreline alignment that allowed through‐drift of Volta sand to sediment sinks further downdrift. Over the same period, accretion, from fluvially supplied sediments, of the estuarine plain close to the limit of spring high tides, or, over much of the lower valley, into a fluvial plain no longer subject to tidal flooding, induced marked meandering of the Mono and its tidal distributaries in response to confinement of much of the tidal prism to these channels. The process resulted in erosion of spit/washover and regressive barrier sand, and in reworking of the tidal flat and floodbasin deposits. The strong longshore drift, equilibrium shoreline alignment and the year‐round persistence of a tidal inlet maintained by discharge from the Mono and from Lake Ahémé have resulted in a stationary barrier that is reworked by a mobile inlet.The Mono example shows that advanced estuarine infill may result in considerable facies reworking, obliteration of certain facies and marked spatial imbrication of fluvial, estuarine and wave‐tide‐deposited facies, and confirms patterns of sedimentary change described for microtidal estuaries on wave‐influenced coasts. In addition, this study shows that local environmental factors such as sediment supply relative to limited accommodation space, and strong longshore drift, which may preclude accumulation of sediments in the vicinity of the estuary mouth, may lead to infilled equilibrium or near‐equilibrium estuaries that will not necessarily evolve into deltas.
Fabric characteristics of subaerial slope deposits
Authors: BERTRAN PASCAL , HÉTU BERNARD , TEXIER JEAN‐PIERRE , VAN STEIJN HENK 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTThe clast fabrics of certain types of terrestrial slope deposits are reviewed and compared, including the deposits of rockfalls, solifluction, debris flows, dry grain flows, frost‐coated clast flows and run‐off. The analysis is based on modern deposits in active environments. The study shows that fabric characteristics allow discrimination between ‘collective’and individual movement of rock particles. The individual particle movement generally results in a random clast orientation, whereas the processes of ‘collective’movement typically create distinct preferred orientations. The highest fabric strengths together with low values of spherical variance are found in solifluction deposits. A survey of Pleistocene slope deposits indicates, however, that clast fabric has to be used with caution in the identification of past slope dynamics, because significant post‐depositional changes may occur during ageing and burial of deposits. The diagnostic significance of fabric characteristics may also be low due to the overlap of the statistical values that typify different processes.
Climatic significance of natric horizons in Permian (Asselian) palaeosols of north‐central Kansas, USA
Authors: McCAHON THOMAS J. , MILLER KEITH B. 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTColumnar structured horizons have been recognized in ancient coastal palaeosols of several Lower Permian (Asselian) stratigraphic units of north‐central Kansas. These strongly developed columnar, polygonal‐shaped peds are characteristic of sodium‐influenced (natric) argillic horizons, and are commonly indicative of semi‐arid to arid environments. Evaporite features above and below these palaeosols support the conclusion for a dry palaeoclimate. The columnar peds are typically 3–15 cm in diameter and exhibit domed tops. Fine clay fills the cracks between the columnar peds, and is generally of a darker colour than the peds. Each natric horizon has a low value and chroma colour, apparently the result of carbonate accumulation. The natric horizons in these Permian palaeosols appear to have been partially influenced by sodium‐rich groundwaters. Root traces and root moulds are found between peds in all natric horizons, indicating plant succession after columnar ped formation. These sodium‐influenced palaeosol profiles occur as part of a spectrum of palaeosol types that indicate cyclical climate change associated with glacioeustatic sea‐level fluctuations.
MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION ON GROWTH AND NITROGEN FIXATION OF PUERARIA AND STYLOSANTHES AND UPTAKE OF PHOSPHORUS FROM TWO ROCK PHOSPHATES
Authors: WAIDYANATHA U. P. de S. , YOGARATNAM N. , ARIYARATNE W. A. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryGrowth and nodulation of Pueraria and Stylosanthes, and also nitrogenase activity of Pueraria grown in methyl bromide treated soil were severely retarded unless the plants were infected with vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza or given large amounts (500 mg per kg of soil) of rock phosphate. Added rock phosphate further stimulated growth, nodulation and nodule activity of mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizae also enhanced uptake of phosphorus, which was increased further by the addition of rock phosphate.The comparative levels of phosphorus in plants and growth responses were clearly different with respect to the two sources of rock phosphate in both mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants.These observations refer in particular to Pueraria; the treatment effects being less pronounced with Stylosanthes as the uninoculated plants were naturally contaminated with mycorrhizae, but to a lesser degree than those inoculated.
LOCALIZATION OF HEAVY METALS AND OTHER ELEMENTS ACCUMULATED IN THE LICHEN THALLUS
Authors: GARTY JACOB , GALUN MARGALITH , KESSEL MARTIN 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThis study demonstrates the extracellular deposition of particulate metallic fall‐out accumulated in the lichen Caloplaca aurantia with the aid of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and the application of energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. The elemental composition of particles integrated in the lichen tissue was compared with the elemental composition of dust particles collected from the surface of the lichen colonies.The different effect of heavy metals in particulate form or in solution, as reflected by lichen's tolerance or sensitivity, is discussed.
Witnessed and unwitnessed falls among the elderly with dementia in Japanese nursing homes†
Authors: KOBAYASHI Nami , SUGAI Yuuichi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this research was to describe the incidence of witnessed and unwitnessed falls among the elderly with dementia and to examine the differences between them.Methods:  We analyzed 276 reports from nine nursing homes in Japan. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate the situations when a fall occurred or when an incident was found. Fisher’s exact test was used to calculate the P‐value to examine the association between witnessed or unwitnessed falls and the variables set in each component of our model. After identifying the variables possibly associated with witnessed and unwitnessed falls, we examined the compounded effects among these variables and classified them into two groups: witnessed and unwitnessed falls. Then, we scrutinized the distribution of the observational data among the variables.Results:  Fourteen percent of the falls were witnessed. Four variables, the careworker/nurse as the reporter, Clinical Dementia Rating, depression in the elderly, and the time of the fall/discovery of the fall, were identified as variables that were different between the witnessed and unwitnessed falls. When compared to nurses, careworkers witnessed more falls specifically during the day. Falls were rarely witnessed among the subjects with mild dementia, although they were found after the incident throughout the day. The number of severely impaired fallers that were either witnessed or found were equal during every hour of the day.Conclusion:  The cognitive level of the elderly and the work shift of the care professionals potentially influenced the large number of unwitnessed falls. Nursing home administrators should consider these elements in fall prevention, especially for the elderly with dementia.
Progress and Challenges in Bipolar Lead‐Acid Battery Development
Authors: Bullock Kathryn R. 
Published: June 2006

Bipolar lead‐acid batteries have higher power densities than any other aqueous battery system. Predicted specific powers based on models and prototypes range from 800 kW/kg for 100 ms discharge times to 1.6 kW/kg for 10 s. A 48 V automotive bipolar battery could have

2

1
/
2

times the cold cranking rate of a monopolar 12 V design in the same size. Problems which have precluded the development of commercial bipolar designs include the instability of substrate materials and enhanced side reactions. Design approaches include pseudo‐bipolar configurations, as well as true bipolar designs in planar and tubular configurations. Substrate materials used include lead and lead alloys, carbons, conductive ceramics, and tin‐oxide‐coated glass fibers. These approaches are reviewed and evaluated.
Psychosocial Mediators of a Nurse Intervention to Increase Skin Self-examination in Patients at High Risk for Melanoma
Authors: Hay Jennifer L. , Oliveria Susan A. , Dusza Stephen W. , Phelan Deborah L. , Ostroff Jamie S. , Halpern Allan C. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
This prospective study examines psychosocial mediators of an efficacious skin self-examination (SSE) intervention that includes provision of a whole-body digital photography book depicting the entire skin surface. Individuals (n = 100) with established risk factors for melanoma were recruited from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Pigmented Lesion Clinic during their initial dermatologist visit and were randomized to receive a photobook immediately (n = 49) or 4 months after intervention delivery (n = 51). Potential mediators included self-efficacy and response efficacy drawn from Social Cognitive Theory, melanoma worry, and SSE anxiety drawn from Self-Regulation Theory, and skin cancer knowledge, and skin awareness. Only self-efficacy was a significant mediator, accounting for 8% of the total effect of photobook enhancement on SSE adherence at 4 months. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1212–6)
Meat Mutagens and Risk of Distal Colon Adenoma in a Cohort of U.S. Men
Authors: Wu Kana , Giovannucci Edward , Byrne Celia , Platz Elizabeth A. , Fuchs Charles , Willett Walter C. , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Cooking meats at high temperatures and for long duration produces heterocyclic amines and other mutagens. These meat-derived mutagenic compounds have been hypothesized to increase risk of colorectal neoplasia, but prospective data are unavailable. We examined the association between intakes of the heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5,-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5,-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx), and meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM) and risk of distal colon adenoma using a cooking method questionnaire administered in 1996 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohort. Between 1996 and 2002, 581 distal colon adenoma cases were identified. Higher intake of MDM was marginally associated with increased risk of distal adenoma [fourth versus lowest quintile: odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.05-1.84; highest versus lowest quintile: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97-1.72; Ptrend = 0.08]. Adjusting for total red meat or processed meat intake did not explain those associations. Our data also suggested a positive association between higher MeIQx (highest versus lowest quintile: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.95-1.71; Ptrend = 0.22) and risk of adenoma, but this association was attenuated after adjusting for processed meat intake. DiMeIQx and PhIP did not seem to be associated with risk of adenoma. In conclusion, higher consumption of mutagens from meats cooked at higher temperature and longer duration may be associated with higher risk of distal colon adenoma independent of overall meat intake. Because mutagens other than heterocyclic amines also contribute to MDM, our results suggest that mutagens other than heterocyclic amines in cooked meats may also play a role in increasing the risk of distal adenoma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1120–5)
Dietary Factors of One-Carbon Metabolism in Relation to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma in a Cohort of Male Smokers
Authors: Lim Unhee , Weinstein Stephanie , Albanes Demetrius , Pietinen Pirjo , Teerenhovi Lasse , Taylor Philip R. , Virtamo Jarmo , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael 
Published: June 2006

AbstractReported associations between genetic polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing enzymes and lymphoid malignancies suggest etiologic involvement of one-carbon metabolism and its related dietary exposures. We examined dietary factors of one-carbon metabolism in relation to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) among 27,111 healthy male smokers who completed baseline dietary questionnaires in the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. During a follow-up of up to 16.4 years (1985-2001), 195 NHL and 32 MM cases were ascertained. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). There was no significant association between dietary folate and NHL (HR comparing fourth to first quartile, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.68-1.55). Dietary vitamin B12 was inversely associated with NHL (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37-1.00; Ptrend = 0.06). The inverse association of vitamin B12 was evident for diffuse subtype but did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant associations of dietary vitamin B6 or B2, methionine, or alcohol with NHL. None of the dietary or supplemental one-carbon nutrients were associated with MM, although the power of these analyses was limited. Our results suggest that high intake of vitamin B12 among heavy smokers may be protective against NHL but warrant further studies, including among nonsmokers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1109–14)
Variants in the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Gene and Prostate Cancer Risk, Survival, and Circulating PSA
Authors: Severi Gianluca , Hayes Vanessa M. , Neufing Petra , Padilla Emma J.D. , Tilley Wayne D. , Eggleton Sarah A. , Morris Howard A. , English Dallas R. , Southey Melissa C. , Hopper John L. , Sutherland Robert L. , Boyle Peter , Giles Graham G. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
An A to G substitution, rs925013, in the promoter of the prostate-specific antigen gene (PSA) was recently found to be associated with promoter activity and circulating PSA levels. The objective of this study was to test the associations between rs925013 and another A to G substitution, rs266882, in the PSA gene with prostate cancer risk using a population-based case-control study of 821 prostate cancer cases and 734 controls carried out in Perth and Melbourne, Australia. The study focused on young (i.e., &lt;70 years) and aggressive cases (i.e., well-differentiated tumors were excluded). Cases in the Melbourne arm of the study (N = 638) were followed up prospectively for an average period of 8.2 years and deaths from prostate cancer ascertained through record linkage to study the possible association between genetic variants and disease-specific survival. PSA-circulating levels were measured in controls to test the association with the genetic variants using a cross-sectional design. Linear regression of log PSA levels, unconditional logistic regression, Cox regression, and haplotype analyses were undertaken. For rs925013, the G allele was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer [odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-1.7; P = 0.001], and the hazard ratio for survival for cases homozygous for the G allele compared with cases homozygous for the A allele was increased but not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1-5.6; P = 0.06). For rs266882, there was no association with overall prostate cancer risk and survival (all P &gt; 0.1). Men homozygous or heterozygous for the G/G (rs925013/rs266882) haplotype were at higher risk of prostate cancer than men homozygous for the A/A haplotype (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7; P = 0.009). Adjusted geometric means of circulating PSA levels in controls were similar in men with zero, one, and two copies of the G allele in rs266882 (1.2, 1.1, and 1.3 ng/mL, respectively; all P ≥ 0.2) and rs925013 (1.1, 1.2, and 1.5 ng/mL, respectively; all P &gt; 0.1). For rs925013, our study provides good evidence of association with prostate cancer risk, marginal evidence of association with survival, and little evidence of detectable association with circulating PSA levels in controls. We found no evidence of an independent association between rs266882 and any of the outcomes. The genotypes and haplotypes studied might be associated with the PSA gene function or be in linkage disequilibrium with other unmeasured and functional variants in the PSA or other genes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1142-7)
Activation-independent platelet adhesion and aggregation under elevated shear stress
Authors: Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Orje Jennifer N. , Habermann Rolf , Federici Augusto B. , Reininger Armin J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPlatelet aggregation, which contributes to bleeding arrest and also to thrombovascular disorders, is thought to initiate after signaling-induced activation. We found that this paradigm does not apply under blood flow conditions comparable to those existing in stenotic coronary arteries. Platelets interacting with immobilized von Willebrand factor (VWF) aggregate independently of activation when soluble VWF is present and the shear rate exceeds 10 000 s–1 (shear stress = 400 dyn/cm2). Above this threshold, active A1 domains become exposed in soluble VWF multimers and can bind to glycoprotein Ibα, promoting additional platelet recruitment. Aggregates thus formed are unstable until the shear rate approaches 20 000 s–1 (shear stress = 800 dyn/cm.2). Above this threshold, adherent platelets at the interface of surface-immobilized and membrane-bound VWF are stretched into elongated structures and become the core of aggregates that can persist on the surface for minutes. When isolated dimeric A1 domain is present instead of native VWF multimers, activation-independent platelet aggregation occurs without requiring shear stress above a threshold level, but aggregates never become firmly attached to the surface and progressively disaggregate as shear rate exceeds 6000 s–1. Platelet and VWF modulation by hydrodynamic force is a mechanism for activation-independent aggregation that may support thrombotic arterial occlusion.
DOCK2 regulates chemokine-triggered lateral lymphocyte motility but not transendothelial migration
Authors: Shulman Ziv , Pasvolsky Ronit , Woolf Eilon , Grabovsky Valentin , Feigelson Sara W. , Erez Noam , Fukui Yoshinori , Alon Ronen 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRac GTPases are key regulators of leukocyte motility. In lymphocytes, chemokine-mediated Rac activation depends on the CDM adaptor DOCK2. The present studies addressed the role of DOCK2 in chemokine-triggered lymphocyte adhesion and motility. Rapid chemokine-triggered activation of both LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins took place normally in DOCK2–/– T lymphocytes under various shear flow conditions. Consequently, DOCK2–/– T cells arrested normally on TNFα-activated endothelial cells in response to integrin stimulatory chemokine signals, and their resistance to detachment was similar to that of wild-type (wt) T lymphocytes. Nevertheless, DOCK2–/– T lymphocytes exhibited reduced microvillar collapse and lamellipodium extension in response to chemokine signals, ruling out a role for these events in integrin-mediated adhesion strengthening. Strikingly, arrested DOCK2–/– lymphocytes transmigrated through a CCL21-presenting endothelial barrier with similar efficiency and rate as wt lymphocytes but, unlike wt lymphocytes, could not locomote away from the transmigration site of the basal endothelial side. DOCK2–/– lymphocytes also failed to laterally migrate over multiple integrin ligands coimmobilized with chemokines. This is a first indication that T lymphocytes use 2 different chemokine-triggered actin remodeling programs: the first, DOCK2 dependent, to locomote laterally along apical and basal endothelial surfaces; the second, DOCK2 independent, to cross through a chemokine-bearing endothelial barrier.
Induction of PNAd and N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferases 1 and 2 in mouse collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Yang Jiwei , Rosen Steven D , Bendele Philip , Hemmerich Stefan 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
Leukocyte recruitment across blood vessels is fundamental to immune surveillance and inflammation. Lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes is mediated by the adhesion molecule, L-selectin, which binds to sulfated carbohydrate ligands on high endothelial venules (HEV). These glycoprotein ligands are collectively known as peripheral node addressin (PNAd), as defined by the function-blocking monoclonal antibody known as MECA-79. The sulfation of these ligands depends on the action of two HEV-expressed N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferases: GlcNAc6ST-2 and to a lesser degree GlcNAc6ST-1. Induction of PNAd has also been shown to occur in a number of human inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Results
In order to identify an animal model suitable for investigating the role of PNAd in chronic inflammation, we examined the expression of PNAd as well as GlcNAc6ST-1 and -2 in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Here we show that PNAd is expressed in the vasculature of arthritic synovium in mice immunized with collagen but not in the normal synovium of control animals. This de novo expression of PNAd correlates strongly with induction of transcripts for both GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2, as well as the expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 protein.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that PNAd and the sulfotransferases GlcNAc6ST-1 and 2 are induced in mouse collagen-induced arthritis and suggest that PNAd antagonists or inhibitors of the enzymes may have therapeutic benefit in this widely-used mouse model of RA.