bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Synthetic Route for the Preparation of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Derivatives
Authors: Moudam Omar , Ajamaa Fettah , Ekouaga Allan , Mamlouk Hind , Hahn Uwe , Holler Michel , Welter Richard , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe intermediate resulting from the addition of an organolithium reagent to 1,10‐phenanthroline has been quenched with benzyl bromide. The resulting protected dihydrophenanthroline intermediate is thus stabilized and can be used for further chemical transformations. This strategy allows to modify the reactivity of the phenanthroline backbone and offers a unique opportunity to perform chemical modifications that would not be possible when starting from 1,10‐phenanthroline. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Who is this Donald? How social categorization affects aggression‐priming effects
Authors: Otten Sabine , Stapel Diederik A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen investigating the effects of aggression on person perception, many studies have relied on the famous ‘Donald’ paradigm (e.g., Srull & Wyer, 1979). Little attention has been paid, however, to the role that is played by the social identity of Donald (the target of perception) in such effects. Three studies with Dutch participants, consistently reveal that judgments of an ingroup (Dutch) target are less prone to be affected by aggression priming than judgments of an outgroup (Moroccan, Surinamese, German) target, and that this effect is moderated by the extent to which the target's group is associated with aggressiveness. Importantly, the studies show that such association can be created not only via well‐established stereotypes (e.g., ‘Moroccans are aggressive’), but also via subtle contextual priming. When priming activates an association between ingroup and aggressiveness (‘The Dutch are aggressive’), the subsequent evaluation of the ingroup targets can also be influenced negatively. The present research thus demonstrates that social categorizations and the contextual associations attached to them delineate an important boundary condition for aggression priming effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LIF detection of peptides and proteins in CE
Authors: García‐Campaña Ana M. , Taverna Myriam , Fabre Huguette 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCE‐ and microchip‐based separations coupled with LIF are powerful tools for the separation, detection and determination of biomolecules. CE with certain configurations has the potential to detect a small number of molecules or even a single molecule, thanks to the high spatial coherence of the laser source which permits the excitation of very small sample volumes with high efficiency. This review article discusses the use of LIF detection for the analysis of peptides and proteins in CE. The most common laser sources, basic instrumentation, derivatization modes and set‐ups are briefly presented and special attention is paid to the different fluorogenic agents used for pre‐, on‐ and postcapillary derivatization of the functional groups of these compounds. A table summarizing major applications of these derivatization reactions to the analysis of peptides and proteins in CE‐LIF and a bibliography with 184 references are provided which covers papers published to the end of 2005.
Universal method for synthesis of artificial gel antibodies by the imprinting approach combined with a unique electrophoresis technique for detection of minute structural differences of proteins, viruses, and cells (bacteria). III: Gel antibodies against cells (bacteria)
Authors: Bacskay Ivett , Takátsy Anikó , Végvári Ákos , Elfwing Anders , Ballagi‐Pordány András , Kilár Ferenc , Hjertén Stellan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractArtificial antibodies in the form of gel granules were synthesized from the monomers acrylamide and N,N'‐methylenebisacrylamide by the imprinting method in the presence of Echerichia coli bacteria as template. The electrophoretic migration velocities of the gel antibodies (i) saturated with the antigen (Escherichia coli MRE‐600), (ii) freed of the antigen, and (iii) resaturated with bacteria, were determinated by electrophoresis in a rotating narrow‐bore tube of 245 mm length and the 2.5 and 9.6 mm inner and outer diameters, respectively. Removal of bacteria from the gel antibodies was made by treatment with enzymes, followed by washing with SDS and buffer. Gel granules becoming charged by adsorption of bacteria move in an electrical field. We obtained a significant selectivity of gel antibodies for E. coli MRE‐600, since the granules did not interact with Lactococcus lactis; and when E. coli BL21 bacteria were added to the gels selective for E. coli MRE‐600, a significant difference in the migration rate of the complexes formed with the two strains was observed indicating the ability of differentiation between the two strains. The gel antibodies can be used repeatedly. The new imprinting method for the synthesis of artificial gel antibodies against bioparticles described herein, and the classical electrophoretic analysis technique employed, thus represent – when combined – a new approach to distinguish between different types and strains of bacteria. The application area can certainly be extended to cover other classes of cells.
Analysis of selected constituents in methanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum collected in different localities by capillary ITP‐CZE
Authors: Hamoudová Rafífa , Pospíšilová Marie , Spilková Jiřina 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe on‐line combination of CZE with capillary ITP (ITP‐CZE) was used for the separation and quantification of selected flavonoids and phenolic acids in Hypericum perforatum leaves and flowers collected in six different localities in Slovakia. The leading electrolyte in the ITP preseparation step was 10 mM HCl with Tris as counterion (pH* 7.2). The terminating electrolyte was 50 mM boric acid of pH* 8.2 (adjusted with barium hydroxide). The BGE in the electrophoretic step contained 25 mM β‐hydroxy‐4‐morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPSO), 50 mM Tris, 65 mM boric acid, pH* 8.3. The content of methanol in all electrolytes was 20% v/v. The total time of the analysis (including the preseparation step) was ∼35 min. The rectilinear calibration ranges were between 0.125 and 5.0 µg/mL with kaempferol as internal standard. The correlation coefficients ranged between 0.9912 (for quercitrin and chlorogenic acid) and 0.9988 (for isoquercitrin). The RSD values are between 0.86 and 7.78% (n = 6) when determining rutin and quercetin (4 µg/mL). The optimized method was employed for the assay of flavonoids in medicinal plant extract of different collections of Hypericum perforatum haulm. The variability of the content of the active components depending on the place of collection was confirmed.
CE for cytokinin analyses: A review
Authors: Ge Liya , Tan Shirley , Yong Jean Wan Hong , Tan Swee Ngin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnalyses of cytokinins are very important in both plant physiological and biomedical research as they are implicated in many biological processes. Reliable, sensitive, selective and inexpensive methods that are flexible and designed for automation are required for these analyses. This review addresses the advances made in the separation and determination of cytokinins by CE as well as the other applications of CE (i.e., determination of dissociation constants and complexation constants of cytokinins). The various CE modes used to separate the compounds and the quantification strategies are examined. Special attention is also focused on those aspects that improve on the sensitivity and/or selectivity, such as sample extraction and preconcentration, on‐line preconcentration techniques (stacking), and/or specific detectors (e.g., MS). With the coupling to the preconcentration techniques and certain detection systems, numerous CE methods can potentially be adapted for the analysis of cytokinins in complex biological samples. Therefore, we would anticipate wider applications of CE methods in the near future for cytokinin analyses, which should facilitate a decrease in analysis cost and should help to improve analysis efficiency.
Optimization of CZE for analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds
Authors: Li Peng , Li Shao Ping , Wang Yi Tao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdvantages of CZE such as high efficiency, low cost, short analysis time, and easy implementation result in its wide applications for analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds (e.g. flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid, saponins, anthraquinones and coumarins). However, several aspects, including sample preparation, separation, and detection have significant effects on CZE analysis. Therefore, optimization of these procedures is necessary for development of the method. In this review, sample preparation such as extraction method and preconcentration, separation factors including buffer type, concentration and pH, additives, voltage and temperature, as well as detection, e.g. direct and indirect UV detection, LIF and MS were discussed for optimization of CZE analysis on phytochemical bioactive compounds. The optimized strategies were also reviewed.
Facile separation and determination of Aconitine alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines by CE with tris(2,2'‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)‐based electrochemiluminescence detection
Authors: Yin Jianyuan , Guo Weiwei , Du Yan , Wang Erkang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA facile CE method coupled with tris(2,2'‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)‐based electrochemiluminescence [Ru(bpy)32+] detection was developed for simultaneous determination of Aconitum alkaloids, i.e., hypaconitine (HA), aconitine (AC), and mesaconitine (MA) in baseline separation. The optimal separation of these Aconitum alkaloids was achieved in a fused‐silica capillary column (50 cm×25 µm id) with 30 mM phosphate solution (pH 8.40) as running buffer at 12 kV applied voltage. The three alkaloids can be determined within 10 min by a single run. The calibration curves showed a linear range from 2.0×10−7 to 2.0×10−5 M for HA, 3.4×10−7 to 1.7×10−5 M for AC, and 3.8×10−7 to 1.9×10−5 M for MA. The RSDs for all analytes were below 3.01%. Good linear relationships were found with correlation coefficients for all analytes exceeding 0.993. The detection limits were 2.0×10−8 M for HA, 1.7×10−7 M for AC, and 1.9×10−7 M for MA under optimal conditions. This method was successfully applied to determine the three alkaloids in Aconitum plants.
ITP in dynamically double‐coated fused‐silica capillaries
Authors: Caslavska Jitka , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBidirectional ITP in fused‐silica capillaries double‐coated with Polybrene and poly‐(vinylsulfonate) is a robust approach for analysis of low‐molecular‐mass compounds. EOF towards the cathode is strong (mobility >4.0×10−8 m2/Vs) within the entire pH range investigated (2.40–8.08), dependent on ionic strength and buffer used and, at constant ionic strength, higher at alkaline pH. Electrokinetic separations and transport in such coated capillaries can be described with a dynamic computer model which permits the combined simulation of electrophoresis and electroosmosis in which the EOF is predicted either with a constant (i.e. pH‐ and ionic strength‐independent) or a pH‐ and ionic strength‐dependent electroosmotic mobility. Detector profiles predicted by computer simulation agree qualitatively well with bidirectional isotachopherograms that are monitored with a setup comprising two axial contactless conductivity detectors and a UV absorbance detector. The varying EOF predicted with a pH‐ and ionic strength‐dependent electroosmotic mobility can be regarded as being realistic.
Chiral resolution of tryptophan derivatives by CE using canine serum albumin and bovine serum albumin as chiral selectors
Authors: Hödl Heike , Koidl Julia , Schmid Martin G. , Gübitz Gerald 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis work deals with the application of BSA and canine serum albumin (CSA) for enantioseparation of tryptophan derivatives with CE. The aim of this work was the investigation of the influence of different functional groups of tryptophan derivatives on enantioseparation. CSA as a chiral selector was tested to compare its selector properties with those of BSA. The enantiomers of the tryptophan derivatives were separated by adding BSA or CSA to the BGE. The influence of pH, temperature, BSA and CSA concentration and organic modifiers was investigated. It was found that the stereoselectivity for the different tryptophan derivatives is dependent on the albumin species. It turned out that the different functional groups of the derivatives showed a significant influence on stereoselectivity.
MEKC: An update focusing on practical aspects
Authors: Silva Manuel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews recent methodological and instrumental advances in MEKC. Improvements in sensitivity arising from the use of on‐line sample concentration (sweeping, stacking, and combination of both protocols) and derivatization (in‐capillary reactions and coupling with flow‐injection systems) and improvements in resolution obtained by changing the composition of the BGE (e.g., with organic modifiers, ionic liquids, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, mixed micelles, and vesicles) or using coated capillaries are discussed in detail. In addition, MS and LIF spectroscopy are examined in relation to their advantages and restrictions as applied to MEKC analysis. Some thoughts on potential future directions are also expressed.
Clinically significant non‐major depression in a community‐dwelling elderly population: epidemiological findings
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Tsang Hin‐Yeung 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the 1‐month prevalence, symptom profiles and demographic correlates in late‐life clinically significant non‐major depression (CSNMD) among a community‐dwelling elderly population.MethodsOne thousand five hundred subjects aged 65 years and older, who were randomly selected from three communities in Taiwan, received comprehensive psychiatric assessment by trained psychiatrists. Two categorical diagnoses of depressive disorder, including major depression and CSNMD, were made. The 1‐month prevalence was calculated. Frequencies of depressive symptoms across CSNMD and major depression were compared. The risks of CSNMD based on demographic characteristics were estimated using multinominal logistic regression.ResultsThe 1‐month prevalence of CSNMD among the community‐dwelling elderly was 8.8%. Symptoms of diminished interest, appetite changes, sleep disturbance, worthlessness or inappropriate guilt, trouble in concentrating or indecisiveness, and suicidal thoughts or acts were less frequent in CSNMD than in major depression, but symptoms of depressed mood, psychomotor changes, and fatigue or loss of energy were as frequent in both categories of illness. CSNMD shares similar demographic risks, such as living in an urban area, female gender and low educational status, with major depression.ConclusionsCSNMD is common among community‐dwelling elders in Taiwan, and with its identical demographic characteristics, but qualitatively different presentation, we suggest CSNMD may be considered part of a spectrum of severe late life depressions with a distinct manifestation. Major depression and CSNMD may share common demographic characteristics with different manifestation. We conclude that late‐life depression is a dimensional disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression
Authors: Gabryelewicz T. , Styczynska M. , Luczywek E. , Barczak A. , Pfeffer A. , Androsiuk W. , Chodakowska‐Zebrowska M. , Wasiak B. , Peplonska B. , Barcikowska M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition referring to the persons with cognitive deficits measurable in some form or another, but not meeting criteria for dementia, and who have an increased risk of becoming demented.ObjectiveTo establish the rate of progression to dementia in MCI, to investigate the risk of conversion for amnestic vs multiple‐domains subtypes, and to identify the predictors of progression.MethodsMCI (n = 105) individuals enrolled in a longitudinal study received annual clinical and psychometric examinations for up to a mean of 3 years. The diagnosis of MCI according to Mayo Clinic Petersen's Criteria was conducted by a panel of specialists.ResultsAfter 3 years of follow‐up, 23 of 105 subjects with MCI were diagnosed with dementia. 40 showed cognitive decline not dementia, 34 were stable and showed no cognitive decline or improvement, while eight showed cognitive improvement.ConclusionsWe conclude that conversion rate from MCI to DSM‐IIIR dementia was 21.9% over a period of 3 years. The occurrence of depressive symptoms may constitute a predictor for those who are more likely to progress to dementia. The risk of conversion to dementia was higher among the subjects with an evidence of impairment extending beyond memory than with those who suffered only from memory deficits, and the subjects who converted to dementia in this subtype had significantly higher baseline plasma total homocysteine levels than non‐converters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the outcome of interventions on quality of life in dementia: selection of the appropriate scale
Authors: Schölzel‐Dorenbos Carla J. M. , Ettema Teake P. , Bos Joke , Boelens‐van der Knoop Ellen , Gerritsen Debby L. , Hoogeveen Frans , de Lange Jacomine , Meihuizen Lucinda , Dröes Rose‐Marie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundA literature study was conducted to contribute to an adequate use of quality of life (QoL) instruments for the evaluation of interventions in dementia care by providing an overview of properties of QoL measures that acknowledge domains important to dementia patients.MethodsDomains important to patients, and domains that professional caregivers in different settings focus on, are compared to domains represented in nine QoL instruments. Data on psychometrics and applicability are generated.ResultsFour instruments best represent domains of QoL important to patients and domains professional caregivers in 24‐h care and daytime activities focus on. Two are self‐rating instruments: Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life, applicable in mild dementia, measuring individual QoL of patient and informal caregiver, and Quality of Life‐Alzheimer's Disease Scale, which can be applied up to moderately severe dementia. For patients with advanced dementia receiving residential care, the observational instruments Qualidem and Discomfort scale‐Dementia of Alzheimer Type are recommended. The first is easily administered by nurse assistants or occupational therapists and covers several QoL domains on which they focus in daily practice. The second can be used by various professionals.ConclusionsQoL assessment provides a format for patients and (in)formal caregivers to express whether an intervention has made an important difference to the patient's life. Improvement of QoL in dementia should have high priority in care, treatment and research. This study shows that severity of dementia, care type, setting, and the specific QoL domains an intervention focuses on, determine which QoL instrument is most appropriate in a specific situation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a large sample of Dutch nursing home patients with dementia
Authors: Zuidema Sytse U. , Derksen Els , Verhey Frans R.J. , Koopmans Raymond T.C.M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia patients in Dutch nursing homes.MethodsCross‐sectional study in a large sample of 1322 demented patients living in 59 dementia special care units (SCUs) in The Netherlands. Symptoms were observed by licensed vocational nurses during regular care‐giving in a 2‐week observational period prior to assessment. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐ Nursing home version (NPI‐NH; frequency X severity score ≥ 4) and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI; symptoms occurring at least once a week).ResultsMore than 80% of these patients suffered from at least one clinically significant symptom, as defined with the NPI‐NH frequency X severity score ≥ 4. Measured with the NPH‐NH agitation/aggression, apathy and irritability were the most frequently observed behaviors, with prevalences of 30–35%. Using the CMAI, 85% of the patients showed at least one symptom of agitation, of which general restlessness was observed most frequently (44%). Other frequently observed symptoms with prevalence rates of 30% were cursing or verbal aggression, constant request for attention, negativism, repetitious sentences, mannerisms, pacing, and complaining. Physically aggressive symptoms such as hitting, kicking, biting occurred less often (less than 13%).ConclusionsPrevalence rates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Dutch nursing home patients with dementia residing in SCUs are high, especially agitation and apathy. Insight into the prevalence rates of individual symptoms in patients with dementia has important practical consequences for the accurate planning of staff allotment and stresses the need for patient oriented care. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health utilities in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a population study in Sweden
Authors: Ekman Mattias , Berg Jenny , Wimo Anders , Jönsson Linus , McBurney Christopher 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo collect new primary data on community‐based health utilities (time trade‐off values) in different stages of mild cognitive impairment and dementia from a general population sample.MethodsA cross‐sectional study including 1,800 randomly selected members of the Swedish public aged 45–84 was performed through a postal survey; 42% response rate. The Clinical Dementia Rating scale was used for describing progressive stages of dementia in vignettes that were used in combination with time trade‐off questions for valuing the perceived quality of life in these stages.ResultsThe time‐trade off values varied considerably across the progressive disease stages. The mean score was 0.82 for mild cognitive impairment, 0.62 for mild dementia, 0.40 for moderate dementia, and 0.25 for severe dementia. In multiple regression analyses, the scores were relatively insensitive to demographic factors like age, gender and self‐assessed health.ConclusionsThe results showed that the average time trade‐off values declined sharply from mild cognitive impairment to progressing stages of dementia. Since there are many methodological challenges involved in measuring health state utilities in mild cognitive impairment and dementia, more research that evaluates different methods would be welcome. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.