bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Value of Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays for Detection of Autoantibodies to Nuclear Antigens
Authors: Avaniss-Aghajani Erik , Berzon Sophia , Sarkissian Arlen 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The advent of multiplexed bead assays in recent years has introduced a new dimension of testing for complex diseases such as lupus, which can involve multiple autoantibodies. The ability to rapidly identify multiple autoantibodies, with high sensitivity and specificity in an automated fashion, is highly attractive. The aim of this study was to assess the performance and clinical value of multiplexed bead-based (AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA-II test system) immunoassays both by comparing the results with those achieved by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA) or conventional enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and by independent identification of autoantibodies in well-characterized samples. To achieve this goal, 984 samples were tested for seven analytes (SS/A, SS/B, Sm, RNP, Scl-70, double-stranded DNA [dsDNA], and centromere B) in both traditional and bead-based assays. The average concordance for the different analytes was 91%, ranging from 81% (dsDNA) to 97% (centromere B). The average relative specificity and sensitivity for the analytes were also high, 92% and 81%, respectively. An examination of 93 “normal controls” demonstrated a 7% false-positive rate, which was comparable to IFA. Percentages of different autoantibodies found in patients with a variety of disease conditions (34 with calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia; 41 with mixed connective tissue disease; 24 with scleroderma; and 35 with Sjogren's syndrome) were well within the range expected from each group. A scrutiny of results from AtheNA and EIA and Farr results for 185 systemic lupus erythematosus samples revealed comparable results by both methods, with the exception of SS/A and dsDNA, where AtheNA had a higher percentage of SS/A-positive results compared to EIA (51% versus 29%) and a lower percentage of dsDNA-positive results (18% versus 28% at a cutoff of 5 IU/ml).
Facile Synthesis of 6-Trichloromethylpterin and 2-Chloro-3-trichloromethylquinoxaline along with a Library of Trichloromethyl Heterocycles Using N-Chlorosuccinimide and Triphenyl Phosphine
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Maity Annada C , Fun Hoong-Kun 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A general synthesis of 6-trichloromethylpterin, 2-chloro-3-trichloromethylquinoxaline and 2-amino-7-trichloromethyl-1,8-naphthyridine along with a series of trichloromethyl heterocycles (1–11) has been reported in one-pot mild neutral condition in good yield. This method is compared with the usual method using phosphorus pentachloride in phosphorus oxychloride.
Zinc and Titanium Spinel Oxynitride (ZnxTiOyNz) as a d0–d10 Complex Photocatalyst with Visible Light Activity
Authors: Hisatomi Takashi , Hasegawa Kazuya , Teramura Kentaro , Takata Tsuyoshi , Hara Michikazu , Domen Kazunari 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The spinel-type oxynitride of zinc and titanium (ZnxTiOyNz) reduces H+ to H2 and oxidizes H2O to O2 in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor and acceptor under visible light irradiation (λ &gt; 420 nm). ZnxTiOyNz is a d0–d10 complex oxynitride photocatalyst that has the potential to be active for water splitting under visible light.
Determination of enantiomeric excess for 2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionate compounds by capillary electrophoresis using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yang Xing‐Bin , Wang Qiao‐Feng , Nan Peng‐Juan , Jin Ying , Zhang Sheng‐Yong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed to separate three chiral 2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionate enantiomers using neutral hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD (HP‐β‐CD) as chiral selector and borate as background electrolyte. The results showed that HP‐β‐CD exhibited good enantioselectivity and high resolution was achieved under the optimum condition of pH 10.3, 200 mM borate buffer containing 6% methanol and 50 mM HP‐β‐CD at 15 kV and 20°C within 16 min. The precision of the method was <0.9% for migration time and 4.5% for corrected peak area. In addition, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of enantiomeric excess (ee) of synthetic 2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionate samples. With this method, low as 0.2% impurity of the undesirable enantiomer in the presence of high amount of target enantiomer was determined. The results demonstrated that the proposed CZE method is a simple and useful technique and is applicable to ee assay of 2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionate enantiomers. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation on 1,4‐dichlorophthalazine‐derivatized cinchona alkaloids‐catalyzed asymmetric “interrupted” Feist–Bénary reaction
Authors: Jin Ying , Liu Xue Ying , Jing Lin Lin , He Wei , Sun Xiao Li , Zhang Sheng Yong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDifferent 1,4‐dichlorophthalazine‐cinchona alkaloid derivatives have been used to catalyze the asymmetric “interrupted” Feist–Bénary reaction of ethyl bromopyruvate/substituted bromoketoesters and β‐dicarbonyl compounds. The corresponding hydroxydihydrofurans have been obtained in excellent yields and with up to 91%ee. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epinephrine‐induced enhancement of memory retrieval for inhibitory avoidance conditioning in preweanling Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Flint Robert W. , Bunsey Michael D. , Riccio David C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDevelopmental research on memory is commonly conducted using preweanling rats, but the extent to which these animals are susceptible to hormone‐induced memory retrieval is unclear. This study examined the effects of epinephrine (.001, .01, or .1 mg/kg) on retrieval of IA conditioning in 17‐day‐old infants. Animals tested 24 hr following training performed significantly worse than infants tested 5 min after training and adults tested 24 hr later, indicating that infantile amnesia had occurred. Epinephrine attenuated this deficit in a dose‐dependent manner, with a significant improvement in performance at doses of .01 mg/kg for latency and at .01 and .1 mg/kg for safe side‐dependent measures. The role of epinephrine as a memory modulator is discussed in terms of its neurobiological and internal contextual effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 303–311, 2007.
On the interaction of rayleigh surface waves with structures
Authors: Simpson I. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA two‐dimensional soil‐structure interaction analysis is carried out for transient Rayleigh surface waves that are incident on a structure. The structure is modelled by a three‐degree of freedom rigid basemat to which is attached a flexible superstructure, modelled by a single mass‐spring system. The structural responses to a given Rayleigh wave train are compared with those that would have been obtained if the free‐field acceleration‐time history had been applied as a normally incident body wave.The results clearly exhibit the [frequency filtering] effects of the rigid basemat on the incident Rayleigh waves. It is shown that, if seismic excitation of a structure is, in fact, due to Rayleigh surface waves, then an analysis assuming normally incident body waves can considerably over‐estimate structural response, both at basemat level for horizontal and vertical motions and for vertical oscillations of the superstructure. However, in the examples considered here, relatively large rocking effects were induced by the Rayleigh waves, thus giving maximum horizontal accelerations in the superstructure that were of comparable magnitude for Rayleigh and normally incident body waves.
Development of a spatial synoptic classification scheme for western Europe
Authors: Bower Donna , McGregor Glenn R. , Hannah David M. , Sheridan Scott C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new spatial air‐mass climatology for western Europe (WE) based upon the analysis of daily data for 48 climate stations for the period 1974–2000. Referred to as the spatial synoptic classification for western Europe (SSCWE), the new air‐mass climatology not only facilitates the examination of both spatial and temporal climate variations but also provides, for the first time, a physically based synoptic classification for a wide variety of applications at the western European scale. The SSCWE is based on the philosophy of the spatial synoptic classification (SSC), which was first introduced to the synoptic climatological community in the mid‐1990s and later refined as the SSC2 for application across North America. As for the SSC2, establishing the physical characteristics for six generic air masses is the basis of the SSCWE. In this paper, the procedures for identifying air‐mass characteristics are described and an analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of the six generic air‐mass types across western Europe is presented. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A monotone conservative Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme for reaction‐diffusion‐convection equations modeling chemotaxis
Authors: Smiley Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA numerical method for convection dominated diffusion problems, that exploits the use of characteristics, is derived and analyzed. It is shown to preserve positivity of solutions and be locally mass conserving. Stability, consistency and order one convergence are verified. Because of the way in which it determines characteristic pre‐images of grid cells, the method can be easily implemented for 1‐, 2‐, or 3‐dimensional problems on rectangular grids.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Self‐efficacy for health‐related behaviors among deaf adults
Authors: Jones Elaine G. , Renger Ralph , Kang Youngmi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this quasi‐experimental, pre‐post‐test study was to test the effectiveness of the Deaf Heart Health Intervention (DHHI) in increasing self‐efficacy for health‐related behaviors among culturally deaf adults. The DHHI targets modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A sample of 84 participants completed time‐1 and time‐2 data collection. The sign language version of the Self‐Rated Abilities Scale for Health Practices (SRAHP) was used to measure self‐efficacy for nutrition, psychological well‐being/stress management, physical activity/exercise, and responsible health practices. Total self‐efficacy scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the comparison group at time‐2, controlling for scores at baseline (F [1, 81] = 26.02, p < .001). Results support the development of interventions specifically tailored for culturally deaf adults to increase their self‐efficacy for health behaviors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 185–192, 2007
Pilot‐scale evaluation using bioaugmentation to enhance PCE dissolution at dover AFB national test site
Authors: Lebrón Carmen A. , McHale Timothy , Young Robroy , Williams Dale , Bogaart Matthew G. , Major David W. , McMaster Michaye L. , Tasker Ian , Akladiss Naji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) forum was recently held that focused on six case studies in which bioremediation of dense nonaqueous‐phase liquids (DNAPLs) was performed; the objective was to demonstrate that there is credible evidence for bioremediation as a viable environmental remediation technology. The first two case studies from the forum have been previously published; this third case study involves a pilot‐scale demonstration that investigated the effects of biological activity on enhancing dissolution of an emplaced tetrachloroethene (PCE) DNAPL source. It used a controlled‐release test cell with PCE as the primary DNAPL in a porous media groundwater system. Both laboratory tests and a field‐scale pilot test demonstrated that bioaugmentation can stimulate complete dechlorination to a nontoxic end product and that the mass flux from a source zone increases when biological dehalorespiration activity is enhanced through nutrient (electron donor) addition and bioaugmentation. All project goals were met. Important achievements include demonstrating the ability to degrade a PCE DNAPL source to ethene and obtaining significant information on the impacts to the microbial populations and corresponding isotope enrichments during biodegradation of a source area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic crystallization of cocoa butter. II. Morphological, thermal, and chemical characteristics during crystal growth
Authors: Chaiseri Siree , Dimick Paul S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAfter an induction period, crystallization of cocoa butter under dynamic conditions at 26.5°C occurs in two stages, primary and secondary. The primary stage involves nucleation, crystal growth, aggregation, and sintering. Crystals formed during the primary stage were slightly or non‐birefringent, and had long, irregular‐shaped filaments. The secondary stage was initiated by the formation of spherulites. Total crystallization time may depend upon the crystal growth rate in the primary stage and the time that coca butters take to form the spherulitic crystals in the secondary stage. After the spherulitic crystals formed, the crystal growth rates were rapid. Cocoa butters crystallized into two fractions during the primary and secondary stages. The low‐melting fractions had onset melting temperatures similar to those of polymorphs IV and V of cocoa butter. The high‐melting fractions, which were observed at the latter stages of crystallization, had differential scanning calorimetry endotherms with peak maxima at approximately 34–36°C (Form VI). The concentrations of 1,3‐stearoyl‐2‐oleoylglycerol (SOS) in the crystals during growth were higher than those in the original cocoa butter. As crystallization progressed, crystals increased in their proportions of SOS in the triacylglycerol fraction. Concentrations of the C18 free fatty acids were lower during early crystallization as compared to the original cocoa butter.
Effect of hydrogenation on density and viscosity of sunflowerseed oil
Authors: Topallar Hüseyin , Bayrak Yüksel , Iscan Mehmet 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe densities and viscosities of unhydrogenated and hydrogenated sunflowerseed oils have been determined at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50°C at 5°C intervals. The densities of these oils vary linearly with temperature. The values of the parameters for the density equation have been calculated. Smooth curves were obtained when the changes in viscosity with temperature were plotted in the form of ln η vs. 1/T. The energy of activation, the free energy of activation, and the entropy of activation have been calculated at 25°C, and they decreased with the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acid chains of the sunflowerseed oil.
Production of eicosapentaenoic acid bySaprolegnia sp. 28YTF‐1
Authors: Shirasaka Norifumi , Shimizu Sakayu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSaprolegnia sp. 28YTF‐1, isolated from a freshwater sample, is a potent producer of 5,8,11,14,17‐cis‐eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The fungus used various kinds of carbon sources, such as starch, dextrin, sucrose, glucose, and olive oil for growth, and olive oil was the best carbon source for EPA production. The EPA content reached 17 mg/g dry mycelium (0.25 mg/L) when the fungus was grown in a medium that contained 2.5% olive oil and 0.5% yeast extract, at pH 6.0 and 28°C for 6 d with shaking. Accompanying production of arachidonic acid (AA; 3.2 mg/g dry mycelia, EPA/AA = 5.1) and other ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was low. Both EPA content and EPA/AA ratio increased in parallel by lowering growth temperature. Triglyceride was the major mycelial lipid (ca. 84%), but EPA comprised only 2.2% of the total fatty acids of this lipid. About 40% of the EPA produced was found in polar lipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (EPA content, 28.2%), phosphatidylcholine (13.6%), and phosphatidylserine (21.2%).
Some applications of ultraviolet spectrophotometry in drying oil research
Authors: Hendrickson M. J. , Cox R. P. , Konen J. C. 
Published: March 2007

ConclusionsAn alkaline‐solution technique has been developed permitting the study of the drying and aging process of an oil film using the ultraviolet spectrophotometer. This technique has been found to be a valuable tool for investigating some of the chemical changes which occur as a vegetable oil film dries and ages.The drying or autoxidation of an oil film has been shown to proceed along the general lines of a three‐stage reaction with the short initial stage being characterized by an accumulation of conjugated diene and triene structures which reaches a maximum at the time the film has set up or becomes continuous. The second or curing stage was characterized by a slow decrease in the measurable conjugated diene and triene structures. The third or deterioration stage was not investigated; however, this method should be readily adaptable to studies involving film breakdown as represented by phenomena such as after‐yellowing since the development of absorption peaks characteristic of linolenic ketones, for example, would permit an early prediction of yellowing long before the concentration of the chromophore groups became great enough for visual observation.During the initial stage of drying there was also evidence for an increase in the alpha‐keto structures capable of enolizing in alkali to give absorption maxima characteristic of triene and tetraene conjugated systems. These enolizable structures also decreased in amount during the film curing period and are not characterizable on the basis of observed absorption maxima and published information.The method of obtaining a spectral solution of a dry, infusible oil film through the medium of alcoholic KOH was applied to investigations on the relationship existing between the light absorption of the film solution and the durability or weather resistance of the straight oil film. The results obtained verified the principle previously reported that the quantity of light absorbed by an oil film in the region of 320–400 mμ was indicative of the durability of the film upon exposure to accelerated weathering conditions.
Delaunay configurations and multivariate splines: A generalization of a result of B. N. Delaunay
Authors: Neamtu Marian 
Published: March 2007

In the 1920s, B. N. Delaunay proved that the dual graph of the Voronoi diagram of a discrete set of points in a Euclidean space gives rise to a collection of simplices, whose circumspheres contain no points from this set in their interior. Such Delaunay simplices tessellate the convex hull of these points. An equivalent formulation of this property is that the characteristic functions of the Delaunay simplices form a partition of unity. In the paper this result is generalized to the so-called Delaunay configurations. These are defined by considering all simplices for which the interiors of their circumspheres contain a fixed number of points from the given set, in contrast to the Delaunay simplices, whose circumspheres are empty. It is proved that every family of Delaunay configurations generates a partition of unity, formed by the so-called simplex splines. These are compactly supported piecewise polynomial functions which are multivariate analogs of the well-known univariate B-splines. It is also shown that the linear span of the simplex splines contains all algebraic polynomials of degree not exceeding the degree of the splines.
Respiratory obstruction following vocal cord injection of Teflon paste
Authors: BATES G. J. E. M. , CURLEY J. W. A. , WARD M. E. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryInjection of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) past (Teflon) into vocal cords is becoming more common, but immediate morbidity has not previously been described. A case is reported in which acute airway obstruction followed the injection of Teflon paste into a paralysed vocal cord. This was easily managed, without resort to tracheostomy, by topical lignocaine which reduced the overactivity of the normal vocal cord.
Prevention of neostigmine‐induced colonic activity
Authors: CHILD C. S. 
Published: March 2007

Summary Colonic intraluminal pressure was recorded in eight patients receiving either atropine 1.2 mg (n = 4) or glycopyrronium 0.6 mg (n = 4) intravenously in a randomised, double‐blind fashion and followed after 5 minutes by neostigmine 2.5 mg. Estimations of total colonic activity were made from the area under the recording of intraluminal pressure. There were no significant differences in mean intraluminal pressures or total colonic activity between the two groups. It is concluded that glycopyrronium offers no advantage over atropine with respect to protection of the bowel against the effects of neostigmine.
Second Chance for the ANC: The 1999 South African General Election
Authors: Spence J E. 
Published: March 2007

On 2 june 1999 south africans went to the polls in the country's second democratic election. At issue in the electoral debate were: the government's mixed record of achievement since the first contest in April 1994; the prospect of significant improvement in economic performance and the promised delivery of social goods to the deprived black majority; the personality and capability of Thabo Mbeki, President Mandela's chosen successor; and the impact of victory for the African National Congress (ANC) on the status and role of the parliamentary opposition in the years to come. The first part of this article, therefore, seeks to provide a commentary on events since 1994 to set the 1999 election in context.Perhaps the most encouraging feature of South Africa's political development has been the survival and consolidation of the democratic process. Critics of the Mandela era tend to take this for granted; but it is no mean achievement especially in view of the violence which disfigured both the multi-party negotiating process and the run-up to the 1994 election and the threat of more to come to destabilize a new and untried regime.
Olfactory Neophobia and Seizure Susceptibility Phenotypes in an Animal Model of Epilepsy Are Normalized by Impairment of Brain Corticotropin Releasing Factor
Authors: Pascual Jennifer , Heinrichs Stephen C. 
Published: March 2007

Summary:  Purpose: The present study explored the causal relationship between stressor exposure/stress neuropeptide activation and avoidant exploratory phenotype/enhanced seizure susceptibility in an animal model of epilepsy. Methods: The olfactory detection and investigation phenotype of seizure susceptible El (epilepsy) strain and nonsusceptible ddY control mice was first evaluated in untreated mice. In a second series of experiments, the olfactory exploration phenotype, food intake/body weight regulation, circadian locomotor activity, and seizure susceptibility were assessed over a 14‐day period following central administration of the neurotoxin saporin alone or a conjugate of the stress neuropeptide, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), and saporin (CRF‐SAP) which impairs CRF system function following central administration. Results: In support of the main experimental hypothesis, administration of CRF‐SAP in El mice reduced handling‐induced seizure susceptibility by 75% for up to 2 weeks following treatment. Similarly, El mice were slow to detect a cache of buried food pellets relative to ddY controls and this exploratory deficit was reversed 3 days following administration of CRF‐SAP. Efficacy of CRF‐SAP treatment was confirmed using CRF immunohistochemistry, which revealed suppression of brain CRF content in El mice treated with CRF‐SAP relative to El controls. Other functional and persistent effects of CRF‐SAP included increased locomotor activity and hyperphagia. Conclusions: Taken together, these results support strongly the possibility that activated brain stress neuropeptide systems are necessary for the expression of motivational and neurological perturbations in seizure susceptible El mice.