bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sample size determination for assessing equivalence based on proportion ratio under a randomized trial with non‐compliance and missing outcomes
Authors: Lui Kung‐Jong , Chang Kuang‐Chao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhen a generic drug is developed, it is important to assess the equivalence of therapeutic efficacy between the new and the standard drugs. Although the number of publications on testing equivalence and its relevant sample size determination is numerous, the discussion on sample size determination for a desired power of detecting equivalence under a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with non‐compliance and missing outcomes is limited. In this paper, we derive under the compound exclusion restriction model the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the ratio of probabilities of response among compliers between two treatments in a RCT with both non‐compliance and missing outcomes. Using the MLE with the logarithmic transformation, we develop an asymptotic test procedure for assessing equivalence and find that this test procedure can perform well with respect to type I error based on Monte Carlo simulation. We further develop a sample size calculation formula for a desired power of detecting equivalence at a nominal α‐level. To evaluate the accuracy of the sample size calculation formula, we apply Monte Carlo simulation again to calculate the simulated power of the proposed test procedure corresponding to the resulting sample size for a desired power of 80 per cent at 0.05 level in a variety of situations. We also include a discussion on determining the optimal ratio of sample size allocation subject to a desired power to minimize a linear cost function and provide a sensitivity analysis of the sample size formula developed here under an alterative model with missing at random. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell Apoptosis Control Using BMP4 and Noggin Embedded in a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Film
Authors: Nadiri Amal , Kuchler‐Bopp Sabine , Mjahed Hajare , Hu Bing , Haikel Youssef , Schaaf Pierre , Voegel Jean‐Claude , Benkirane‐Jessel Nadia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractProgrammed cell death (apoptosis) is a genetically regulated process of cell elimination essential during development. During development, programmed cell death is involved in the specific shaping of organs, in the elimination of cells having achieved their program, and in regulating the number of cells to differentiate. Tooth development includes these three aspects and was used here as a model to study the control of apoptosis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are currently considered as playing a major role in signaling apoptosis. This apoptosis could be stopped by treatments with a BMP antagonist (“Noggin”). We selected a model system made by a layer‐by‐layer approach using poly‐L‐glutamic acid (PlGA) and poly‐L‐lysine (PlL) films into which BMP4 and/or Noggin have been embedded. Our results indicate that in situ control of apoptosis during tooth differentiation mediated by both BMP4 and Noggin embedded in a polyelectrolyte multilayer film is possible. We show here for the first time that in the presence of BMP4 and Noggin embedded in a multilayered film, we can induce or inhibit cell death in tooth differentiation, and conserve their biological effects.
Why Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes are Separated from their Metallic Counterparts
Authors: Lu Jing , Lai Lin , Luo Guangfu , Zhou Jing , Qin Rui , Wang Dan , Wang Lu , Mei Wai Ning , Li Guangping , Gao Zhengxiang , Nagase Shigeru , Maeda Yutaka , Akasaka Takeshi , Yu Dapeng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe separation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) according to their electronic structure has attracted much recent attention. In many cases, metallic SWNTs are separated from semiconducting SWNTs and enriched in the supernatant due to stronger interaction between metallic SWNTs and adsorbates. However, the inverse separation of semiconducting from metallic SWNTs is often observed. In this computational study, the underlying mechanism is elucidated by density functional theory. We show that the shape of an aromatic molecule, the degree of hybridization between a molecule and a SWNT, and the oxidative state of SWNTs can affect the type of enriched SWNTs. In principle, one can control the type of enriched SWNTs by selecting a structurally compatible aromatic molecule or changing the hole concentration of the SWNTs.
Dielectrophoretic Manipulation and Real‐Time Electrical Detection of Single‐Nanowire Bridges in Aqueous Saline Solutions
Authors: Marcus Matthew S. , Shang Lu , Li Bo , Streifer Jeremy A. , Beck Joseph D. , Perkins Edward , Eriksson Mark A. , Hamers Robert J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDielectrophoretic manipulation of nanoscale materials is typically performed in nonionic, highly insulating solvents. However, biomolecular recognition processes, such as DNA hybridization and protein binding, typically operate in highly conducting, aqueous saline solutions. Here, we report investigations of the manipulation and real‐time detection of individual nanowires bridging microelectrode gaps in saline solutions. Measurements of the electrode impedance versus frequency show a crossover in behavior at a critical frequency that is dependent on the ionic strength. We demonstrate that by operating above this critical frequency, it is possible to use dielectrophoresis to manipulate nanowires across electrode gaps in saline solutions. By using electrical ground planes and nulling schemes to reduce the background currents, we further demonstrate the ability to electrically detect bridging and unbridging events of individual nanowires in saline solutions. The ability to both manipulate and detect bridging events with electrical signals provides a pathway toward automated assembly of nanoscale devices that incorporate biomolecular recognition elements.
Nanorod Heterostructures Showing Photoinduced Charge Separation
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Jones Marcus , Lo Shun S. , Scholes Gregory D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSize‐ and shape‐dependent property modifications of semiconductor nanocrystals have been a subject of intense interest because of their potential for future engineering devices. The bandgap and related optical‐property tuning of these materials are mainly governed by the nature of their band edges. In addition, fusing one type of nanocrystal over another enables further control of material properties that are dependent on the relative alignments of their energy levels. On a molecular scale, the synthesis of supramolecular compounds has inspired advances in theories for photoinduced charge transfer. Heterostructured nanocrystals potentially provide a nanoscale analog of such systems. A method for preparing heterostructured nanocrystals of complex morphologies showing photoinduced charge separation is presented. It is shown that the energy and lifetime of the charge‐transfer photoluminescence band can be tuned by changing the relative alignment of band edges in CdSe/CdTe heterostructure nanorods. The long‐lived charge transfer states in these type II semiconductors may make them attractive for photovoltaic applications.
Modifying risk factors for gynaecological cancer
Authors: Rai Nima , Fiander Alison N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLifestyle factors that affect a woman's risk of gynaecological cancer include diet, obesity, physical activity, the oral contraceptive pill, childbearing and smoking. The authors examine the available evidence indicating whether modification of these factors reduces the risk. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd.
5. Management of the infertile couple in tertiary care, part 2
Authors: McClure N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe main assisted reproductive technologies provided in tertiary care are in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Professor McClure explains what is involved for the infertile couple undergoing these procedures and discusses current debate about transfer of embryos, embryo freezing and the fate of surplus embryos. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Diagnosis and management of prostatitis: a urological challenge
Authors: Attar K.H. , Hamid R. , Peters J.L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractProstatitis is the most common urological diagnosis in men less than 50 years of age, and has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. The authors outline the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of the four distinct clinical types of prostatitis. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Management of urinary tract infections in the elderly
Authors: Cove‐Smith A. , Almond M.K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUrinary tract infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients over 70 years of age. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infection in this group of patients require an understanding of the different epidemiology and pathophysiology involved. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Effects of anthropogenic food resources on yellow‐legged gull colony size on Mediterranean islands
Authors: Duhem Céline , Roche Philip , Vidal Eric , Tatoni Thierry 
Published: August 2007

AbstractYellow‐legged gull Larus michahellis populations have been studied on three archipelagos consisting of 20 islands distributed along 80 km of the French Mediterranean coastline. Population changes were analyzed between 1920 and 2006. In the first decades following their settlement on these islands, the yellow‐legged gull populations showed a continuous exponential growth in the three archipelagos, in agreement with an annual geometric growth rate λ above 1. The population growth ceased to fit this model during the 1980s for the older colonies (Riou and Hyères Islands archipelagos). Thus, we focused on population changes occurring during the period 1982–2000, a pivotal period for which we have both precise census and anthropogenic food resource data, in order to determine environmental factors influencing these population changes using multiple linear regression models. An average annual growth rate of colony size was 1.02 for the last two decades. The changes in landfill availability, the gull density in 1982, and the nesting area in 1982 explained 84.4% of variation in colony size changes between 1982 and 2000. The yellow‐legged gull changes on the islands in the last two decades increased as availability in anthropogenic food resources increased near the colony (positive ΔK). As a consequence, given no reduction in landfill activity or in accessibility for gulls, we expect this region to sustain continuous species expansion in the future.
Application of Fatty Acids for Chemotaxonomy of Reef‐Building Corals
Authors: Imbs Andrey B. , Demidkova Darja A. , Latypov Yurii Y. , Pham Long Q. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSixteen scleractinian species of six coral families (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, Poritidae, Faviidae, Pectiniidae, and Fungiidae) from Vietnam were analyzed for fatty acid (FA) composition. Except for the Poritidae species, total lipids of the corals had the same set of FAs, about 50% of them being unsaturated acids. Some coral families had high levels of characteristic FAs: 20:3(n‐6), 20:4(n‐3), and 22:6(n‐3) in Pocilloporidae; 18:1(n‐9) and 22:6(n‐3) in Poritidae; and 18:3(n‐6) and 22:5(n‐3) in Faviidae. For the first time in hexacorals, unsaturated C24 FAs (24:1(n‐9), 24:2(n‐6), 24:2(5,9), 24:3(5,9,17), and 24:4(n‐3)) were discovered in the Poritidae species. The highest level of 18:1(n‐7), odd‐chain and branched FAs (7.5% in total) was detected in Sandalolitha robusta. The data obtained on the contents of ten principal C18–C22 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) for the 16 specimens were combined with data on the 19 reef‐building coral specimens investigated previously and subjected to multidimensional scale analysis (MSA). The representative coral families (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, Poritidae, Faviidae, Dendrophylliidae, and Milleporidae) were separated by MSA according to the composition of their principal PUFAs. Therefore, PUFAs may serve as chemotaxonomic markers for reef‐building corals at the family level. Family‐specific compositions of coral zooxanthellae characterized by different PUFA profiles, which affect the PUFA content of whole coral colonies, were supposed to be the probable cause of the discovered chemotaxonomic distinctions between reef‐building corals.
Reduction of gangliosides, phospholipids and cholesterol content in cerebral cortex of rats caused by chronic hypermethioninemia
Authors: Stefanello Francieli M. , Kreutz Fernando , Scherer Emilene B.S. , Breier Ana C. , Vianna Luciene P. , Trindade Vera M.T. , Wyse Angela T.S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNeurological dysfunction is observed in patients with severe hypermethioninemia, whose physiopathology is still poorly understood. In the current study we investigated the effect of chronic administration of methionine on the content and species of gangliosides and phospholipids, as well as on the concentration of cholesterol in rat cerebral cortex. Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of methionine (1.34–2.68 μmol/g of body weight), twice a day, from the 6th to the 28th day of age and controls received saline. Animals were killed 12 h after the last injection. Results showed that methionine administration significantly decreased the total content of lipids in cerebral cortex of rats. We also observed that this amino acid significantly reduced the absolute quantity of the major brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b) and phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine). We also showed that Na+,K+‐ATPase activity and TBARS were changed in cerebral cortex of rats subjected to hypermethioninemia. If confirmed in human beings, these data could suggest that the alteration in lipid composition, Na+,K+‐ATPase activity and TBARS caused by methionine might contribute to the neurophysiopathology observed in hypermethioninemic patients.
Theoretical perspectives on the coordination of supply chains
Authors: Holweg Matthias , Pil Frits K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSupply‐chain coordination relies on the availability of prompt and accurate information that is visible to all actors in the supply chain. However, new demands on the supply‐chain system require changes to information flow and exchange. We undertake a case study of three automotive supply chains that face such new demands resulting from the introduction of an order‐driven supply‐chain strategy. We use our case study findings to evaluate the applicability of three different theoretical lenses on the multi‐faceted interactions between information, physical flow, and the complex rationales driving supply‐chain evolution: the resource‐based view (RBV), the concept of complex adaptive systems (CAS), and adaptive structuration theory (AST). We find that each theory has a separate realm of applicability and while complimentary in nature, provides distinct insight on the structural shift in the supply‐chain system. More specifically, we find that AST, a theory prominent in the social sciences, provides novel insights to supply‐chain research at the firm level, particularly with respect to the difficulties in using IT systems to drive systemic change. It complements both the system‐level perspective offered by the complex adaptive systems theory, as well as the concept of dynamic capabilities originating in the resourced‐based view. The paper concludes with wider implications for future research in supply and value chain management.
Tactile agnosia and tactile apraxia: Cross talk between the action and perception streams in the anterior intraparietal area
Authors: Binkofski Ferdinand , Reetz Kathrin , Blangero Annabelle 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn the haptic domain, a double dissociation can be proposed on the basis of neurological deficits between tactile information for action, represented by tactile apraxia, and tactile information for perception, represented by tactile agnosia. We suggest that this dissociation comes from different networks, both involving the anterior intraparietal area of the posterior parietal cortex.
Divide et impera? Towards integrated multisensory perception and action
Authors: Brozzoli Claudio , Farnè Alessandro , Rossetti Yves 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA visual analogue, two-route model of somatosensory processing is advanced in this commentary. Touch for perception is seen as separate from, although interconnected with, touch for action. Separate modules are additionally proposed for internal (body) and external (object-related) somatosensation. Here we ask whether dissociation (divide) guarantees better efficiency (impera) in terms of the heuristic model within the somatosensory modality and across modalities.
Disentangling functional from structural descriptions, and the coordinating role of attention
Authors: Drewing Knut , Schneider Werner X. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe target article fails to disentangle the functional description from the structural description of the two somatosensory streams. Additional evidence and thorough reconsideration of the evidence cited argue for a functional distinction between thehowprocessing and thewhatprocessing of somatosensory information, while questioning the validity and usefulness of the equation of these two types of processing with structural streams. We propose going one step further: to investigate how the distinct functional streams are coordinated via attention.
Considering general organizational principles for dorsal-ventral systems within an action framework
Authors: Franz Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSupport for the proposed dorsal-ventral distinction for the somatosensory system is not yet convincing, nor is the anatomical segregation of its pathways as clearly defined as the visual pathways. Consideration of alternative organizational principles might reveal critical differences across sensory processing systems. The role of attention and manipulations that modulate functional systems might also be worth considering.
Revisiting parallel and serial processing in the somatosensory system
Authors: Garraghty Preston E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe issue of whether information is processed in parallel or in series in the somatosensory system is complicated by a number of factors. Included among these is the failure on the part of the scientific community to reach a consensus as to what actually constitutes the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in higher primates. A second, related issue is the marked difference in the organization of the cortical areas subserving somatosensation across species.
Coming to grips with vision and touch
Authors: Goodale Melvyn A. , Cant Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) propose a convincing model of somatosensory organization that is inspired by earlier perception-action models of the visual system. In this commentary, we suggest that the dorsal and ventral visual streams both contribute to the control of action, but in different ways. Using the example of grip and load force calibration, we show how the ventral stream can invoke stored information about the material properties of objects originally derived from the somatosensory system.
Close coordination between recognition and action: Really two separate streams?
Authors: Graf Markus 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSomewhat in contrast to their proposal of two separate somatosensory streams, Dijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) propose that tactile recognition involves active manual exploration, and therefore involves parietal cortex. I argue that interactions from perception for action to object recognition can be found also in vision. Furthermore, there is evidence that perception for action and perception for recognition rely on similar processing principles.
Dissociating body image and body schema with rubber hands
Authors: Holmes Nicholas Paul , Spence Charles 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) argue that body image and body schema form parts of different and dissociable somatosensory streams. We agree in general, but believe that more emphasis should be placed on interactions between these two streams. We illustrate this point with evidence from the rubber-hand illusion (RHI) – an illusion of body image, which depends critically upon body schema.
Do intention and exploration modulate the pathways to haptic object identification?
Authors: Klatzky Roberta L. , Lederman Susan J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOur model of haptic object recognition points to the importance of material, as well as geometric properties of objects. Collectively, these can elicit a recognition response after an initial contact, without sequential exploration. This model suggests a revision of the authors' proposals, which takes into account an individual's intention – whether it is for perception or action – and the extent of exploratory movement.
Taking a conscious look at the body schema
Authors: Maxwell Jonathan P. , Masters Richard S. W. , van der Kamp John 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) propose a somatosensory perceptual pathway that informs a consciously accessible body image, and an action pathway that provides information to a body schema, which is not consciously accessible. We argue that the body schema may become accessible to consciousness in some circumstances, possibly resulting from cross talk, but that this may be detrimental to skilled movement production.
Pathways of tactile-visual crossmodal interaction for perception
Authors: Sadato Norihiro , Nakashita Satoru , Saito Daisuke N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is a task-specificity in the visual-tactile interaction for perception: The polymodal posterior parietal cortex is related to the comparison of the shapes coded by different sensory modalities, whereas the lateral occipital complex is the part of the network for multimodal shape identification. These interactions may be mediated by some latent pathways potentiated by sensory deprivation or learning.
Multifaceted functional specialization of somatosensory information processing
Authors: Sathian K. , Lacey Simon , Gibson Gregory , Stilla Randall 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe review evidence for multifaceted functional specialization of somatosensory information processing, both within and outside classical somatosensory cortex. We argue that the nature of such specialization has not yet been clarified adequately to regard the proposed action/perception dichotomy as being established. However, we believe this is a good working hypothesis that can motivate further work.
Haptic perception is a dynamic system of cutaneous, proprioceptive, and motor components
Authors: Travieso David , Aivar M. Pilar , Gomila Antoni 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA general shortcoming of the localist, decompositional, approach to neuroscientific explanation that the target article exemplifies, is that it is incomplete unless supplemented with an account of how the hypothesized subsystems integrate in the normal case. Besides, a number of studies that show that object recognition is proprioception dependent and that cutaneous information affects motor performance make the existence of the proposed subsystems doubtful.