bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical analysis of human talar shape and bone density distribution
Authors: Stolle Jordan , Harper Christine M. , Voegele Kristyn K. , Najafi Ahmad R. , Taheri Mehrangiz , MacBain Joshua , Siegler Sorin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe shape of the talus, its internal structure, and its mechanical properties are important in determining talar behavior during loading, which may be significant for the design of surgical tools and implants. Although recent studies using statistical shape modeling have described quantitative talar external shape variation, no similar quantitative study exists to describe the density distribution of internal talar structure. The goal of this study is to quantify statistical variation in talar shape and density to benefit the design of talar implants. To this end, weight‐bearing computed tomography (CT) scans of the ankle were collected in neutral, bilateral standing posture, and three‐dimensional models were generated for each talus. Local density derived from the Hounsfield unit of each CT voxel was extracted. A weighted spherical harmonic analysis was performed to quantify the talar external shape. One hundred and seventy‐nine volumes of interest were placed in the same relative position within each talus to quantify the talar density. Additionally, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted on a talus with both heterogeneous and homogeneous material properties to observe the effect of these properties on the stress and strain response. Significant differences were found in the talar density in sex and age, as well as in the stress and strain response between homogeneous and heterogeneous FEA. These differences show the importance of considering heterogeneity when examining the load response of tarsal bones.
Easy‐Amanida: An R Shiny application for the meta‐analysis of aggregate results in clinical metabolomics using Amanida and Webchem
Authors: Llambrich Maria , Satorra Pau , Correig Eudald , Gumà Josep , Brezmes Jesús , Tebé Cristian , Cumeras Raquel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeta‐analysis is a useful tool in clinical research, as it combines the results of multiple clinical studies to improve precision when answering a particular scientific question. While there has been a substantial increase in publications using meta‐analysis in various clinical research topics, the number of published meta‐analyses in metabolomics is significantly lower compared to other omics disciplines. Metabolomics is the study of small chemical compounds in living organisms, which provides important insights into an organism's phenotype. However, the wide variety of compounds and the different experimental methods used in metabolomics make it challenging to perform a thorough meta‐analysis. Additionally, there is a lack of consensus on reporting statistical estimates, and the high number of compound naming synonyms further complicates the process. Easy‐Amanida is a new tool that combines two R packages, “amanida” and “webchem”, to enable meta‐analysis of aggregate statistical data, like p‐value and fold‐change, while ensuring the compounds naming harmonization. The Easy‐Amanida app is implemented in Shiny, an R package add‐on for interactive web apps, and provides a workflow to optimize the naming combination. This article describes all the steps to perform the meta‐analysis using Easy‐Amanida, including an illustrative example for interpreting the results. The use of aggregate statistics metrics extends the use of Easy‐Amanida beyond the metabolomics field.
A case of transdisciplinarity and collaborative decision making: the co‐construction of Gendered Food Product Profiles
Authors: Forsythe Lora , Olaosebikan Olamide , Teeken Béla , Ngoh Newilah Gérard , Mayanja Sarah , Nanyonjo Ann Ritah , Iragaba Paula , Okoye Benjamin , Marimo Pricilla , Kenneth Akankwasa , Adinsi Laurent , Kendine Vepowo Cedric , Sounkoura Adetonah , Tinyiro Samuel Edgar , Bouniol Alexandre , Dufour Dominique , Akissoé Noel , Madu Tessy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrop breeding in sub‐Saharan Africa has made considerable gains; however, postharvest and food‐related preferences have been overlooked, in addition to how these preferences vary by gender, social difference and context. This context is changing as participatory approaches using intersectional gender and place‐based methods are beginning to inform how breeding programmes make decisions. This article presents an innovative methodology to inclusively and democratically prioritise food quality traits of root, tuber and banana crops based on engagement with food systems actors and transdisciplinary collaboration. The outcome of the methodology is the Gendered Food Product Profile (GFPP) – a list of prioritised food quality characteristics – to support breeders to make more socially inclusive decisions on the methods for trait characterisation to select genotypes closer to the needs of food system actors. This article reviews application of the methodology in 14 GFPPs, presents illustrative case studies and lessons learned. Key lessons are that the transdisciplinary structure and the key role of social scientists helped avoid reductionism, supported co‐learning, and the creation of GFPPs that represented the diverse interests of food system actors, particularly women, in situ. The method partially addressed power dynamics in multidisciplinary decision making; however, effectiveness was dependent on equitable team relations and supportive institutions committed to valuing plural forms of knowledge. Actions to address power asymmetries that privilege particular types of knowledge and voices in decision making are crucial in techno‐science projects, along with opportunities for co‐learning and long‐term collaboration and a transdisciplinary structure at higher level. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Folic acid‐decorated astrocytes‐derived exosomes enhanced the effect of temozolomide against glioma
Authors: Liu Hong‐Ming , Zhang Ye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA direct strategy to achieve specific treatments and reduce side effects is through cell type‐specific drug delivery. Exosomes (Exos) can be modified with folic acid (FA) to prepare drug delivery systems targeting tumor cells that highly express FA receptors. This study aimed to produce an exo drug delivery system with FA decoration and temozolomide (TMZ) loading to improve the sustained TMZ release and targeting. We used DSPE‐PEG2000‐FA to modify exos derived from astrocyte U‐87 to prepare FA‐modified exos (Astro‐exo‐FA). TMZ was encapsulated into Astro‐exo‐FA or Astro‐exo through electroporation to produce TMZ@Astro‐exo and TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA. In vitro drug release was examined using the dialysis bag method. Through cell experiments in vitro and mouse glioma models in vivo, the effect of TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA on U‐87 cells was determined. Exo properties were not affected by FA modification and TMZ loading. The drug release rate of TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA was slower. TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA uptake by U‐87 cells was higher compared to TMZ@Astro‐exo, indicating that TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA has a stronger targeting toward U‐87 cells. TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA remarkably reduced U‐87 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with TMZ@Astro‐exo and free TMZ. Treatment with TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA reduced the side effects of TMZ (minimal change in body weight), prolonged survival, and inhibited tumor growth in mouse glioma models, and its efficacy was stronger than that of TMZ@Astro‐exo and free TMZ. TMZ@Astro‐exo‐FA could enhance the effect of TMZ against glioma, providing novel ideas for drug targeting delivery and exploring exos as drug carriers against glioma.
Fluorescently labeled prey surrogates in combination with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting successfully discriminate actively feeding mixotrophs in a lake water sample
Authors: Florenza Javier , Divne Anna‐Maria , Bertilsson Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMixotrophic protists are capable of acting both as primary producers and primary consumers at the base of the aquatic food web, thus constituting key organisms in ecosystems where they are abundant. However, their identity, abundance, ecological dynamics, and biogeochemical impact in aquatic ecosystems remain understudied in comparison to classically demarcated autotrophs or heterotrophs. In this study, we make use of fluorescently labeled prey and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting to taxonomically identify actively‐feeding individual mixotrophic flagellates from lake water. Replicated experiments were carried out to assess the performance of three different fluorescently labeled prey types and a fluorescent dye targeting food vacuoles. In the experiments, water from an oligotrophic lake was exposed independently to each type of reporter and cells were individually sorted based on fluorescent signals for predation and chlorophyll a. A total of 927 individual single cells were successfully recovered, with all fluorescent reporters exhibiting high sensitivity for putative mixotrophic taxa: overall, 87% of the occurrences could be assigned to dictyochophytes, 9% to chrysophytes, and 3% to dinoflagellates. As a result, we were able to detect cryptic diversity within pedinellid algae and report a Prorocentrum‐like freshwater occurrence. We argue that this procedure can be a valuable tool to uncover relevant and unexpected active mixotrophic species in a wider range of aquatic environments, and could easily be coupled to other techniques to describe the finer details of the trophic status of aquatic microbial communities.
Wideband circularly polarized antenna loaded with π‐shaped dipole for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Zheng Yikai , Han Ke , Jiang Zhuoxi , Yan Ze 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna that is fed by substrate‐integrated waveguide. Based on the design of placing a pair of chamfered semicircular patches above a slot, a ‐shaped radiator is introduced between the semicircular patches. Multiple resonance points are generated by the combination of the entire radiating structure and a dumbbell‐shaped slot, resulting in improved impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The proposed element exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 50.5% (24.5–41.1 GHz) and an AR bandwidth of 44.2% (25.1–39.3 GHz) with a 44.2% overlapped bandwidth. Then, a 4 × 4 antenna array adopting the sequential rotation technique is constructed. The measured results demonstrate that a 40.6% overlapped bandwidth and a peak gain of 19.1 dBic are achieved. The proposed antenna array shows excellent performance, making it a good candidate for applications in millimeter‐wave wireless communication systems.
Cochlear Implantation in Neurofibromatosis Type 2‐Related Schwannomatosis: Long‐Term Hearing Outcomes
Authors: Grenier Baptiste , Mosnier Isabelle , Ferrary Evelyne , Nguyen Yann , Sterkers Olivier , Kalamarides Michel , Lahlou Ghizlene , Daoudi Hannah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term hearing outcomes following cochlear implantation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and ipsilateral vestibular schwannoma.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary general hospital.MethodsTwenty‐two patients undergoing cochlear implantation between 2004 and 2018 with at least 1 year of follow‐up were included. Patients were categorized as “users” or “nonusers” of their cochlear implant (CI). For users, speech perception (disyllabic words) without lip‐reading was assessed in quiet conditions 1‐year postimplantation, and annually thereafter. CI users were classified into 2 groups on the basis of speech intelligibility (≥40% or <40%). Demographic data, treatment options, and tumor size were also recorded.ResultsOne year after implantation, 16 (73%) patients used their CI daily. Twelve of these patients had a speech intelligibility ≥40% (mean: 74 ± 21.9%). Three had a Koos stage IV tumor. At the last visit (mean duration of follow‐up: 6 ± 5 years), 12 of these 16 patients were still using their implant daily, and 6 had a speech intelligibility ≥40%. No predictive factors for good performance at 1 year or performance stability were identified.ConclusionNeurofibromatosis type 2 is a complex disease profoundly affecting patient quality of life, and cochlear implantation should always be considered on a case‐by‐case basis. In some individuals, cochlear implantation can provide good speech intelligibility for extended periods, even posttreatment or in cases of large tumors.
Bearing strength performance: A study on the influence of AWJ drilling and delamination of GF/Al‐mesh reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Alansari A. , Seif Amr , Fathy A. , Megahed A. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites acquire widespread use in the technologically advanced sectors on account of their lightweight and outstanding strength. Considering the significant connection between component quality and durability, bearing strength is a critical factor in the mechanically assembled parts during the manufacturing process. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental study was performed on hybrid glass fiber/aluminum‐mesh composites to assess the impact of abrasive water jet (AWJ) drilling on delamination and bearing strength. The samples were drilled, and the delamination damage was assessed. Finally, the bearing test was conducted on the sample in conformity with ASTM D5961M. The impact of stress distribution on the specimen's failure patterns was studied. Experimental outcomes reveal that the GFA specimen had a 2.9% higher average bearing strength than the AGF specimen. The drilling‐induced damage was determined to be the primary factor responsible for a 27% reduction in bearing strength. The optimization of operational parameters yields improved bearing load and lower damage. A significant level of conformity was detected by the regression accuracy and validation test results with a residual error of less than 10%.Highlights
A comparison of two hybrid composites utilizing various layouts for damage and load bearing.
Delamination damage is a key factor in predicting the efficiency of bolted connections.
Using optimized operation parameters enhances drilling output response significantly.
Effect of temperature aging of thermoset UD prepregs on inter‐ply friction behavior and formability in prepreg compression molding process
Authors: Zhang Yu , Han Xia , Liu Rui , Li Ruiqi , Zhong Yucheng , Cao Dongfeng , Li Shuxin , Chen Hongda , Hu Haixiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLimited material out‐life of thermoset prepregs is unavoidable attributed to the slow crosslinking reaction between molecules and curing agents. Previous studies have explored the effects of temperature aging on the final mechanical properties of composites, but have been limited by the processing mismatch in compression molding. The research primarily focuses on the effects of forming temperature and ply angle of prepreg on inter‐ply friction behavior at various aging levels. The importance of inter‐ply friction on the forming quality is further discussed through the L‐shaped specimens forming with prepreg compression molding (PCM) process. Firstly, a comprehensive influence of aging on the properties of resin including cure kinetics, gel point, glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity of UD prepreg are characterized and discussed. And then, the influence of factors including resin aging, forming temperature and prepreg ply orientation on the inter‐ply friction are discussed. It can be found that the aging of prepreg reduce 26.47% of inter‐ply friction resistance under room temperature, and the increase of temperature can reduce inter‐ply friction resistance by 79.31%. Finally, the effect of aging on the forming quality is researched by PCM formed L‐shaped components. Results indicated that fresh prepreg with 20°C and prepreg with an aging level of 0.4 performed at 95°C exhibited poor formability, while prepreg with aging level of 0.2 at 95°C exhibited the best forming property. In general, this study provides a basic explain and a practical suggestion to the reuse of room temperature aging thermoset prepregs in PCM process.Highlights
A comprehensive of basic properties of aged resin were characterized, as the basic principle for inter‐ply friction behavior analysis.
The gel point and final mechanical properties of prepreg were tested, for judging the aged materials whether could be used continuously.
The inter‐ply friction behaviors of aged prepregs under various forming temperatures were investigated.
The influence of layup orientations on the inter‐ply frictional performance with various aging levels were explored.
The effect of aging and forming temperature on the PCM formability were studied and a practical suggestion to the reuse of aged thermoset prepregs in PCM process was given.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the rate of lower limb amputation in Veterans
Authors: Falbo Kierra J. , Walker Nicole R. , Wacek Amber L. , Cave Juan E. , Sauerbrey Matthew D. , Gravely Amy A. , Matsumoto Mary E. , Looft John M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to changes in health care, including postponement of nonurgent appointments. These changes, combined with overall decreased activity levels, may have placed individuals with vascular disease at increased risk for skin ulceration and amputation.ObjectiveTo determine the rates of lower limb amputation in Veterans due to complications of diabetes and/or vascular disease in the year following onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 2020–March 2021) compared to the previous 3 years (March 2017–March 2020).DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingMinneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System.ParticipantsVeterans with a vascular consult appointment note between March 1, 2017, and February 28, 2021.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was lower limb amputation rate in the year following onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to the previous 3 years. Secondary outcome was the rate of lower limb wounds in the same time frame. We hypothesized that rates of lower limb amputation and wounds increased during the pandemic.ResultsVascular consult appointments (n = 4183) were reviewed between March 1, 2017, and February 28, 2021. Significantly higher rates of amputation (7.52% vs. 5.19%; p = .006) and wound presence (16.77% vs. 11.66%; p < .001) were found 1 year postpandemic compared to the previous 3 years. Amputation and wound rates did not significantly increase between pairs of consecutive years prior to the pandemic but significantly increased between the year preceding the pandemic and the first year of the pandemic (amputation p = .047; wound p = .004).ConclusionsIncreased rates of amputation and wounds in Veterans following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic are likely due to disruption of care, lifestyle changes, and other pandemic‐related factors. Awareness of COVID‐19‐related negative health effects is imperative for health care providers to ensure appropriate allocation of resources and alternate models for care delivery for amputation and preventative care as part of disaster response.
Theoretical investigation of substituted end groups in thiophene‐phenyl‐thiophene (TPT) derivatives for high efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Sadiq Sonia , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Tawfeek Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Abbas Faheem , Ali Sajjad , Mahal Ahmed , Meitao Duan , Waqas Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe field of organic solar cells has witnessed notable advancements in the past few years, mostly due to the development of novel materials for the active layer. The current investigations reveal the potential of nine previously unexplored molecules (TP1–TP9) designed by end group modification of TPT4F molecule. These molecules were investigated at MPW1PW91/6‐31G (d, p) with DFT and TD‐DFT approach to study the various photovoltaic and geometrical parameters. The results obtained through computations indicated improvement in the investigated parameters. The terminal group modification shifted the absorption maximum towards longer wavelength in the UV‐visible region. Highly conjugated modified acceptors reduced the band gap. The lower excitation energies increased the rate of charge transfer. The designed molecules showed improved excited state lifetime in comparison to the reference. The open circuit voltage was determined using the PTB7 polymer, which exhibited a noticeable improvement, especially in TP1 (1.70 eV), TP3 (1.75 eV), TP4 (1.68 eV), TP6 (1.85 eV), and TP7 (1.75 eV) when compared with reference (1.59 eV). Moreover, charge transfer investigations of designed molecules with PTB7 complex were performed by analyzing the concentration of charge transfer over molecular orbitals, that is, HOMO to LUMO. All of the preceding investigations targeted to achieve high‐efficiency organic cells reveal that the altered molecules can be considered effective candidates to tackle future energy problems.
Understanding CYP3A4 and P‐gp mediated drug–drug interactions through PBPK modeling – Case example of pralsetinib
Authors: Bowman Christine , Dolton Michael , Ma Fang , Cheeti Sravanthi , Kuruvilla Denison , Sane Rucha , Kassir Nastya , Chen Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPralsetinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of oncogenic RET fusion and RET mutant proteins, is a substrate of the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 and a substrate of the efflux transporter P‐gp based on in vitro data. Therefore, its pharmacokinetics (PKs) may be affected by co‐administration of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers, P‐gp inhibitors, and combined CYP3A4 and P‐gp inhibitors. With the frequent overlap between CYP3A4 and P‐gp substrates/inhibitors, pralsetinib is a challenging and representative example of the need to more quantitatively characterize transporter‐enzyme interplay. A physiologically‐based PK (PBPK) model for pralsetinib was developed to understand the victim drug–drug interaction (DDI) risk for pralsetinib. The key parameters driving the magnitude of pralsetinib DDIs, the P‐gp intrinsic clearance and the fraction metabolized by CYP3A4, were determined from PBPK simulations that best captured observed DDIs from three clinical studies. Sensitivity analyses and scenario simulations were also conducted to ensure these key parameters were determined with sound mechanistic rationale based on current knowledge, including the worst‐case scenarios. The verified pralsetinib PBPK model was then applied to predict the effect of other inhibitors and inducers on the PKs of pralsetinib. This work highlights the challenges in understanding DDIs when enzyme‐transporter interplay occurs, and demonstrates an important strategy for differentiating enzyme/transporter contributions to enable PBPK predictions for untested scenarios and to inform labeling.