bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneity of the 16S rDNA sequence among geographically disparate isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis
Authors: Matsuda M , Tazumi A , Kagawa S , Sekizuka T , Murayama O , Moore JE , Millar BC 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Background
At present, six accessible sequences of 16S rDNA from Taylorella equigenitalis (T. equigenitalis) are available, whose sequence differences occur at a few nucleotide positions. Thus it is important to determine these sequences from additional strains in other countries, if possible, in order to clarify any anomalies regarding 16S rDNA sequence heterogeneity. Here, we clone and sequence the approximate full-length 16S rDNA from additional strains of T. equigenitalis isolated in Japan, Australia and France and compare these sequences to the existing published sequences.

Results
Clarification of any anomalies regarding 16S rDNA sequence heterogeneity of T. equigenitalis was carried out. When cloning, sequencing and comparison of the approximate full-length 16S rDNA from 17 strains of T. equigenitalis isolated in Japan, Australia and France, nucleotide sequence differences were demonstrated at the six loci in the 1,469 nucleotide sequence. Moreover, 12 polymorphic sites occurred among 23 sequences of the 16S rDNA, including the six reference sequences.

Conclusion
High sequence similarity (99.5% or more) was observed throughout, except from nucleotide positions 138 to 501 where substitutions and deletions were noted.
Asthma self-management education
Authors: McDonald V M , Gibson P G 
Published: January 2006

Asthma self-management education is a fundamental component of asthma management guidelines. Self-management education should include the provision of information, self-monitoring, regular medical review and the provision of a written asthma management plan. Implementing this form of management can be challenging, this paper reviews the evidence supporting self-management education, provides recommendations and tools for delivering asthma education and discusses the challenges and solutions to implementing these recommendations. We have discussed ways to improve communication, develop patient partnerships and tailor management to facilitate behavioural change, adherence and self-management. Health Professionals providing education and guiding self-management require training to acquire and maintain the skills necessary to deliver this form of education. Provision of this training is important and can be achieved through varied methods of achieving competence.
Physicochemical, Surface and Catalytic Properties of Co3O4/Al2O3 as Influenced by CeO2 or V2O5 Doping
Authors: El-Shobaky H.G. 
Published: January 2006

A pure Co3O4/Al2O3 sample was prepared by the wet impregnation method using finely powdered aluminium hydroxide and cobalt nitrate dissolved in the least amount of distilled water. Maintaining the amount of Co3O4 constant at 16.7 mol%, different samples were doped by impregnating with known amounts of cerium or vanadium nitrates prior to impregnation with cobalt nitrate. The pure and doped samples were precalcined at 600°C and 800°C, respectively. The dopant concentrations employed were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mol% CeO2 or V2O5. The resulting materials were studied by XRD and EDX methods, N2 adsorption at −196°C and CO oxidation by O2 at 130–220°C. The results obtained revealed that the surface concentrations of cobalt species in pure and variously doped Co3O4/Al2O3 solids precalcined at 600°C were more than twice those present in the bulk of these solids. Heating the doped solid at 600°C and 800°C increased the degree of dispersion of Co3O4 by decreasing the crystallite size. This effect was more pronounced in the case of V2O5 doping, with the surface concentration of cobalt species being increased to a greater extent than with CeO2 doping. Similarly, heating the doped solid at 600°C resulted in a progressive but measurable increase in the lattice parameter of Co3O4 due to the formation of solid solutions. On heating the V2O5-doped solid at 800°C, a portion of the added V2O5 inter-acted with Co3O4 to yield cobalt vanadate while the other portion contributed to the formation of a solid solution. Doping followed by heating at 600°C increased the catalytic activity of the doped solids in CO oxidation by O2. In contrast, solids precalcined at 800°C exhibited the opposite effect. The doping process changed the concentration of active sites involved in the catalytic reaction rather than changing the mechanism of the catalytic reaction.
Synthesis of Clay—Cerium Hydroxide Conjugates for the Adsorption of Arsenic
Authors: Seida Yoshimi , Izumi Yasuo 
Published: January 2006

Insoluble clay—cerium hydroxide conjugates exhibiting only limited swelling in water were synthesized for the removal of arsenic ions from aqueous solution. Thus, cerium hydroxide was immobilized electrostatically on the inner layer of highly dispersed Na-montmorillonite (clay). The clay + Ce(OH)n conjugate was prepared by intercalating colloidal cerium hydroxide in the clay inner layer. Similarly, the clay + Ce→OH conjugate was prepared by introducing cerium ions into the clay followed by their hydrolysis. The intercalation of cerium hydroxide and the chemical state of the cerium ion in the clay were evaluated via X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. The conjugates exhibited a mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of ca. 85–100 m2/g. These conjugates adsorbed As(III) and As(V) in a similar manner from aqueous solutions of As2O3 and KH2AsO4, respectively, over the pH range 4–8. The adsorption isotherms for As(III) and As(V) onto the conjugates were Langmuirian in shape. They exhibited large values for the Langmuir constant, K, thereby indicating the effectiveness of the conjugates in the removal of arsenic ions from dilute aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of the clay + Ce→OH conjugate was superior to that of the clay + Ce(OH)n conjugate. Co-existing anions in the aqueous solutions such as chloride, carbonate, sulphate and phosphate had little effect on the removal of arsenic.
Adaptive estimation and rejection of unknown sinusoidal disturbances through measurement feedback for a class of non‐minimum phase non‐linear MIMO systems
Authors: Lan Weiyao , M. Chen Ben , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper develops an adaptive estimation method to estimate unknown disturbances in a class of non‐minimum phase non‐linear MIMO systems. The unknown disturbances are generated by an unknown linear exosystem. The frequencies, phases and amplitudes of the disturbances are unknown, the only available information of the disturbances is the number of distinctive frequencies. The system considered in this paper is a class of MIMO non‐linear systems in the output feedback form which can be non‐minimum phase. The proposed estimation algorithm provides exponentially convergent estimates of system states, unknown disturbances in the system and frequencies of the disturbances characterized by the eigenvalues of the exosystem. Moreover, based on the stabilization controller for the disturbance free system, the estimates of the disturbances are used to solve the disturbance rejection problem. The unknown disturbances are compensated completely with the stability of the whole closed‐loop system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexometric Determination of Palladium(II) Using Thioacetamide as a Selective Masking Agent
Authors: Parameshwara P. , Karthikeyan J. , Shetty A.Nityananda , Shetty Prakash 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA simple, rapid and accurate complexometric method for the determination of palladium(II) is proposed, based on the selective masking property of thioacetamide towards palladium(II). In the presence of diverse metal ions, palladium(II) is complexed with excess of EDTA and the surplus EDTA is back titrated at pH 5‐5.5(acetic acid‐sodium acetate buffer) with standard lead nitrate solution using xylenol orange as indicator. An excess of a 0.5 % aqueous solution of thioacetamide is then added to displace EDTA from Pd(II)‐EDTA complex. The released EDTA is titrated with the same standard lead nitrate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the concentration range 0.5mg ‐ 17.80mg of palladium with relative error of ±0.16 % and coefficient of variation not exceeding 0.26 %. The effect of diverse ions is studied. The method is used for the determination of palladium in its complexes, catalysts and synthetic alloy mixtures.
Copper (II) Ion Selective Liquid Membrane Electrode Based on New Schiff Base Carrier
Authors: Sadeghi Susan , Vardini Mohammad Taghi , Naeimi Hossein 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCu2+ selective PVC membrane electrode based on new Schiff base 2, 2′‐[1,9 nonanediyl bis (nitriloethylidyne)]‐bis‐(1‐naphthol) as a selective carrier was constructed. The electrode exhibited a linear potential response within the activity range of 1.0×10‐6 – 5.0×10‐3 mol l‐1 with a Nernstian slope of 29 ±1 mV decade‐1 of Cu2+ activity and a limit of detection 8.0×10‐7 mol l‐1. The response time of the electrode was fast, 10 s, and stable potentials were obtained within the pH range of 3.5–6.5. The potentiometric selectivity coefficients were evaluated using two solution method and revealed no important interferences except for Ag+ ion. The proposed electrode was applied as an indicator electrode to potentiometric titration of Cu+2 ions and determination of Cu+2 content in real samples such as black tea leaves and multivitamin capsule.
Some Aromatic Hydrazone Derivatives as Inhibitors for the Corrosion of C‐Steel in Phosphoric Acid Solution
Authors: Fouda Abd El‐Aziz S. , Al‐Sarawy Ahmed A. , Radwan Mohamed S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effect of furfural benzoylhydrazone and its derivatives (I‐VII) as corrosion inhibitors for C‐steel in 1M phosphoric acid solution has been studied by weight‐loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. A significant decrease in the corrosion rate of C‐steel was observed in the presence of the investigated inhibitors. This study revealed that, the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration, and the addition of iodide ions enhances it to a considerable extent. The effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency of these compounds was studied using weight‐loss method. Activation energy (Ea*) and other thermodynamic parameters for the corrosion process were calculated and discussed. The galvanostatic polarization data indicated that, the inhibitors were of mixed‐type, but the cathode is more polarized than the anode. The adsorption of these compounds on C‐steel surface has been found to obey Frumkin's adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of inhibition was discussed in the light of the chemical structure of the undertaken inhibitors.
Metal Ion Distribution Between Water and River Sediment: Speciation Model and Spectroscopic Validation
Authors: Zelano Vincenzo , Daniele Pier G. , Berto Silvia , Ginepro Marco , Laurenti Enzo , Prenesti Enrico 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNatural sediments show sequestering properties that can lead to a process of self‐purification of aquatic environment from metal pollution. The study of the interaction between metal ions and sediment particles enhances what is known about the distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in natural systems. Our contribution concerns the characterisation of the sequestering ability of a River Po sediment with regard to calcium(II), magnesium(II), cadmium(II), nickel(II) and copper(II), in fixed experimental conditions, through pH‐metric and spectrometric measurements. A batch titration procedure was adopted and, in each solution, after equilibration, both pH and pM (M = Ca(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)) (via Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy, ICP‐OES) values were measured. The experimental data were first processed with a specific software to evaluate the concentration and protonation constants of the sediment ligand site(s). The speciation model was then assessed, together with the values of complexation constants, for the different sediment/metal cation systems. In order to better characterise the copper(II)‐sediment interaction and to obtain more information about the nature of ligand site(s) involved, EPR (Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance) measurements were also made on the dry sediment before and after reaction with copper(II) ions.
Adsorption of poly (4‐sodium styrene sulfonate) on kaolinite clays
Authors: Sadek O. M. , Mekhemer W. K. , Assaad F. F. , Mostafa B. A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe adsorption of polymer on clay particles has great importance in many industrial applications. This work aimed to study the adsorption of anionic polymer, poly (4‐sodium styrene sulfonate), on kaolinite clay surfaces. Three different Egyptian kaolinite clay samples were used. The kaolinite clays were saturated with sodium or calcium cation. It was found that the Freundlich isotherm is applicable for this polymer adsorption on kaolinite. The parameters of the Freundlich equation are very close, indicating a comparable nature for the binding behavior between the different samples of kaolinite and the adsorbed polymer. The adsorption process was examined at different pH values (3, 6, and 9 ± 0.1) to cover the range below and above the point of zero charge of kaolinite surfaces. It was found that, below this point, the polymer adsorption increased, while above it the polymer adsorption decreased. The polymer adsorption on calcium kaolinite was higher than that of sodium kaolinite at the same pH value. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1712–1719, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of poly(urethane‐ester)s based on calcium salt of mono(hydroxybutyl)phthalate
Authors: Prasath R. Arun , Nanjundan S. , Pakula T. , Klapper M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCalcium‐containing poly(urethane‐ester)s (PUEs) were prepared by reacting diisocyanate (HMDI or TDI) with a mixture of calcium salt of mono(hydroxybutyl)phthalate [Ca(HBP)2] and hydroxyl‐terminated poly(1,4‐butylene glutarate) [HTPBG1000], using di‐n‐butyltin‐dilaurate as catalyst. About six calcium‐containing PUEs having different composition were synthesized by taking the mole ratio of Ca(HBP)2:HTPBG1000:diisocyanate (HMDI or TDI) as 3:1:4, 2:2:4, and 1:3:4. Two blank PUEs were synthesized by the reaction of HTPBG1000 with diisocyanate (HMDI or TDI). The polymers were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, Solid state 13C‐CP‐MAS NMR, TGA, DSC, XRD, solubility, and viscosity studies. The Tg value of PUEs increases with increase in the calcium content and decreases with increase in soft segment content. The viscosity of the calcium‐containing PUEs increases with increase in the soft segment content and decreases with increase in the calcium content. X‐ray diffraction patterns of the polymers show that the HMDI‐based polymers are partially crystalline and TDI‐based polymers are amorphous in nature. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the calcium‐containing PUEs based on HMDI shows that with increase in the calcium content of polymer, modulus (g′ and g″) increases at any given temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1720–1727, 2006
Phase diagrams of blends of poly(phenylene ether), polystyrene, and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A: Influence of the molar mass of poly(phenylene ether)
Authors: Soulé E. R. , Fine T. , Borrajo J. , Williams R. J. J. , Pascault J. P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPhase diagrams of ternary blends of poly(phenylene ether) (PPE, Mn = 1.2 and 12 kg mol−1), polystyrene (PS, Mn = 22.5 kg mol−1), and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were experimentally obtained in an extended range of temperatures and fitted with the Flory–Huggins model using three binary interaction parameters. A significant increase in miscibility together with the appearance of an immiscibility loop was found for PPEs with Mn values comprised in the range between 1 and 10 kg mol−1. This enables us to obtain initial homogeneous solutions in regions of high DGEBA concentrations, a possibility that was not previously reported for this ternary blend. This opens new possibilities for the toughening of epoxies replacing a single thermoplastic with a thermoplastic blend where both components (PS and PPE) are completely miscible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1742–1747, 2006
Isothermal and nonisothermal cure kinetics of an epoxy/poly(oxypropylene)diamine/octadecylammonium modified montmorillonite system
Authors: Brnardic Ivan , Ivankovic Marica , Ivankovic Hrvoje , Mencer Helena Jasna 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effect of an octadecylammonium‐exchanged montmorillonite on the curing kinetics of a thermoset system based on a bisphenol A epoxy resin and a poly(oxypropylene)diamine curing agent were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in isothermal and dynamic (constant‐heating‐rate) conditions. Montmorillonite and the prepared composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and simultaneous DSC and thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis of the DSC data indicated that the intercalated octadecylammonium cations catalyzed the epoxy–amine polymerization. A kinetic model, arising from an autocatalyzed reaction mechanism, was applied to the DSC data. Fairly good agreement between the experimental data and the modeling data was obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1765–1771, 2006
Electronic Interactions in a New π‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Dimer
Authors: Díaz Marta C. , Illescas Beatriz M. , Martín Nazario , Perepichka Igor F. , Bryce Martin R. , Levillain Eric , Viruela Rafael , Ortí Enrique 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe first π‐extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) dimer in which the two exTTF units are covalently connected by 1,3‐dithiole rings has been obtained in a multistep synthetic procedure involving the Ullmann cross‐coupling reaction by using copper(I) thiophene‐2‐carboxylate (CuTC). The electronic spectrum reveals a significant electronic interaction between the exTTF units. The electrochemical study carried out by cyclic voltammetry in solution and in thin‐layer conditions, and the electrochemical simulation and spectroelectrochemical (SEC) measurements confirm the electronic communication and show that the oxidation of dimer 14 occurs as two consecutive 2 e− processes D0–D0→D2+–D0→D2+–D2+. Theoretical calculations, performed at the B3P86/6‐31G* level, confirm the experimental findings and predict that 142+ exists as a delocalized D.+–D.+ species in the gas phase and as a localized D2+–D0 species in solution (CH3CN or CH2Cl2). Oxidation of 142+ forms the tetracation 144+ which is constituted by two aromatic anthracene units bearing four aromatic, almost orthogonal 1,3‐dithiolium cations.
Clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancers with loss of imprinting of insulin‐like growth factor 2
Authors: Sasaki Jun‐ichi , Konishi Fumio , Kawamura Yutaka J. , Kai Toshihiro , Takata Osamu , Tsukamoto Toshihiko 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLoss of imprinting (LOI), the biallelic expression of an imprinting gene, of insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been reported to be associated with colorectal carcinogenesis because of its high prevalence in normal colorectal mucosa as well as cancerous tissue in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the characteristics of colorectal cancer associated with IGF2 LOI have not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the IGF2 LOI status of tumor and normal mucosa in 255 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer. Of these, 95 were informative for IGF2 LOI, by direct sequencing of mRNA of IGF2. Regarding the LOI status in each patient, the prevalence of LOI in nontumorus normal mucosa was significantly higher in cases with LOI‐positive cancer than in those with LOI‐negative cancer (p < 0.001). Concerning the clinicopathological characteristics of LOI‐positive cancer, the prevalence of poorly differentiated or mucinous carcinoma (p = 0.016) and of right‐sided locations (p = 0.009) were significantly higher than those of LOI‐negative cancer. Contrary to past reports that revealed a significant correlation between microsatellite instability (MSI) and IGF2 LOI in a relatively small series of noncohort patients, our study did not find a statistically significant difference in LOI‐positive rate between MSI‐positive and ‐negative cases. Our results suggested the presence of a particular type of colorectal cancer associated with the proximal colon and poor differentiation, but independent of MSI. These results may contribute to clarification of the mechanism of colorectal tumorigenesis and to determining an appropriate screening strategy for colorectal carcinoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A p21/WAF1 mutation favors the appearance of drug resistance to paclitaxel in human noncancerous epithelial mammary cells
Authors: Galmarini Carlos María , Bouchet Benjamin Pierre , Audoynaud Carole , Lamblot Christelle , Falette Nicole , Bertholon Jacques , Wang Qing , Beghin Anne , Dumontet Charles , Puisieux Alain 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe investigated the mechanisms responsible for paclitaxel resistance in HME‐1 cells (human mammary epithelial cells immortalized with hTERT). These cells were exposed to paclitaxel (10 pM for 7 days) and 20 cellular surviving populations (PSP) were obtained. PSP demonstrated high levels of resistance to paclitaxel cytotoxicity as compared with HME‐1 cells. Activation of mdr‐1 gene expression was observed in 2 PSP. Protein expression analysis using a C‐terminal targeted antibody showed that 13 PSP were negative for p21/WAF1 expression after ionizing radiation (6 Gy) or doxorubicin (100 nM) treatment. Sequencing of the 3 exons of the CDKN1A gene revealed that 13 PSP contained a point mutation in exon 2. This mutation consisted in a T insertion at codon 104 leading to a premature STOP codon appearance. Mismatch amplification mutation assay and RFLP‐PCR confirmed the presence of the mutation in 16 PSP. Western blot using an N‐terminal targeted antibody demonstrated that the C‐terminal‐truncated p21/WAF1 protein (14 kDa) was indeed expressed in the 13 PSP. Our data suggest that p21/WAF1 inactivation may confer a strong resistance to paclitaxel in noncancerous breast epithelial cells harboring a p21/WAF1 mutant. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obtaining smoking histories for population‐based studies on multiple primary cancers: Connecticut, 2002
Authors: Polednak Anthony P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBecause of the absence of data on smoking history for patients in cancer registries, large population‐based studies have been unable to directly assess the role of smoking in the risk of multiple primary cancers. In a random sample of 618 adults diagnosed with invasive cancer in 2002 and reported to the population‐based Connecticut (CT) cancer registry, however, search of hospital records identified smoking history (current, former, never‐ or nonsmoker) for 83.3%. Number of cigarettes per day was known for 71.3% of 289 current or former smokers, while duration of quitting was found for 92.3% of 194 former smokers. Smoking status was strongly associated with current heavy alcohol use. Hospital records appear to be a promising resource for population‐based studies on smoking histories in relation to risk of multiple primaries, although completeness of information needs to be improved in CT and assessments are needed in other cancer registries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.