bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of ultrasonography and computed tomography for the evaluation of unilateral orbital disease in dogs
Authors: Boroffka Susanne A. E. B. , Verbruggen Anne-Marie , Grinwis Guy C. M. , Voorhout George , Barthez Paul Y. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To describe clinical, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic (CT) features of confirmed neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease in dogs with unilateral orbital diseases, determine criteria to differentiate between the 2 conditions, and assess the relative value of ultrasonography and CT for the differential diagnosis of these 2 conditions.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—29 dogs with unilateral neoplastic orbital disease and 16 dogs with unilateral nonneoplastic orbital disease.
Procedures—Clinical history and results of physical and ophthalmologic examinations were recorded. Ultrasonographic and CT images were evaluated, and discriminating factors were identified to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic diseases. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography and CT was assessed.
Results—Dogs with neoplastic disease were significantly older; had clinical signs for a longer time before initial examination; had more progressive onset of clinical signs; and more frequently had protrusion of the nictitating membrane, fever, and anorexia. The most discriminating factor for both imaging modalities was delineation of the margins (odds ratio was 41.7 for ultrasonography and 45 for CT), with neoplastic lesions clearly delineated more often. Ultrasonographically, neoplastic lesions were more frequently hypoechoic and homogeneous, with indentation of the globe and bone involvement evident more frequently than for nonneoplastic lesions. Mineralization was detected only with neoplasia. Fluctuant fluid was seen more frequently in dogs with nonneoplastic disease. Computed tomography more frequently revealed extraorbital involvement. Diagnostic value was similar for both imaging modalities.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ultrasonography and CT are valuable imaging modalities to assist in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic unilateral orbital disease in dogs.
Hemophagocytic syndrome in dogs: 24 cases (1996–2005)
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the frequency, potential causes, and clinical and clinicopathologic features of hemophagocytic syndrome in dogs.
Design—Retrospective study.
Animals—24 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Records for dogs in which diagnostic bone marrow specimens (including an aspiration smear and core biopsy material) were obtained from 1996 to 2005 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were presence of bicytopenia or pancytopenia in the blood and > 2% hemophagocytic macrophages in the bone marrow aspirate.
Results—Of 617 bone marrow specimens evaluated, evidence of hemophagocytic syndrome was detected in 24 (3.9%). The Tibetan Terrier breed was overrepresented among dogs with hemophagocytic syndrome. Clinical signs associated with hemophagocytic syndrome included fever, icterus, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and diarrhea. Hemophagocytic syndrome was associated with immune-mediated, infectious, and neoplastic-myelodysplastic conditions and also occurred as an idiopathic condition. Overall, dogs with infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome had better 1-month survival rates than dogs with immune-associated and idiopathic hemophagocytic syndrome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that hemophagocytic syndrome may occur more frequently in dogs than has previously been suspected on the basis of the paucity of reported cases. Although most dogs had definable underlying disease conditions, idiopathic hemophagocytic syndrome was also identified. Hemophagocytic syndrome of any cause is potentially life-threatening; however, the prognosis should be adjusted on the basis of the associated disease process and potential for successful treatment.
Validation of DermSat-7 for Assessing Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Armstrong April W. , Lee Kathryn , Yee Danielle , Woodbury Michael , Zundell Melissa , Zagona-Prizio Caterina , Yousif Jenna , Grant Carly , Shields Ali , Chou Peichi , Callis Duffin Kristina , Gottlieb Alice B. , Merola Joseph F. , Perez-Chada Lourdes 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceA critical need exists for developing a validated dermatologic-specific treatment satisfaction instrument.ObjectiveTo evaluate the structural validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of the 7-item dermatology-specific treatment satisfaction (DermSat-7) instrument in patients with psoriasis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study was conducted from July 2020 to April 2023 in dermatology outpatient clinics at the University of Southern California, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Mount Sinai Union Square and included adults (aged ≥18 years) with psoriasis who were fluent in English. On day 1, the clinician at the study sites assessed psoriasis disease severity in person using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and Physician Global Assessment (PGA). On day 1, study participants completed the DermSat-7, the generic 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). They also answered demographic questions and reported their own disease severity using the Patient Global Assessment (PtGA). On day 14 (±2 days), the patient then completed the DermSat-7 and PtGA a second time.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe DermSat-7 is a 7-item self-administered instrument with a recall period of 14 days that assesses patient satisfaction with their treatments across various inflammatory dermatology diseases, including psoriasis. Construct validity, structural validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of DermSat-7 were assessed as defined by the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) taxonomy and reported following the COSMIN reporting guideline for studies on measurement properties.ResultsThe analysis included 142 patients with psoriasis (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [15.5] years; 77 males [54.2%]). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the DermSat-7 domains. The internal consistency of the effectiveness and convenience domains was high with a Cronbach α of 0.88 and 0.81, respectively. Regarding construct validity, differences between groups based on PASI/PGA scores were aligned with preexisting hypotheses, and the correlations between DermSat-7 and TSQM-9 subscores were strong to very strong (ρ = 0.75 for effectiveness; ρ = 0.66 for convenience; and ρ = 0.70 for overall satisfaction; all P &amp;lt; .001). Intraclass correlation was 0.85, indicating high test-retest reliability.Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey study found that the DermSat-7 may be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring treatment satisfaction in patients with psoriasis.
Trends in Guideline-Concordant Care for Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Tadros Audree , Diskin Brian , Sevilimedu Varadan , Xu Amy , Vingan Perri , Nelson Jonas , Iwai Yoshiko , Morrow Monica , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive variant for which trimodality treatment (ie, neoadjuvant systemic therapy [NST] followed by modified radical mastectomy without immediate reconstruction and postmastectomy radiotherapy [PMRT]) represents guideline-concordant care (GCC) and is associated with improved overall survival (OS). However, it is unclear whether there are disparities in trimodality treatment receipt among patients with IBC and how such disparities might affect OS.ObjectiveTo assess trends in IBC trimodality treatment receipt in a contemporary cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Cancer Database. Women with nonmetastatic IBC treated from calendar years 2010 to 2018 were included. Data analysis was performed from April 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024.ExposuresGuideline-concordant care (ie, trimodality treatment administered in the correct sequence with time to NST initiation &amp;lt;60 days post diagnosis).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were associations between patient-, disease-, treatment-, and facility-level factors and receipt of overall and modality-specific GCC and associations between these factors and adjusted OS.ResultsOf 6945 patients identified (median age, 57 [IQR, 47-66] years; 2.4% Asian or Pacific Islander, 7.8% Hispanic, 17.1% non-Hispanic Black, and 71.5% non-Hispanic White), only 1740 (25.1%) received all forms of GCC: 91.3% (n = 5662) received NST initiation less than 60 days post diagnosis, 63.3% (n = 4395) received PMRT, and 51.3% (n = 3564) underwent guideline-concordant surgery (ie, modified radical mastectomy without immediate reconstruction with &amp;gt;6 lymph nodes removed). Receipt of GCC did not differ significantly by race and ethnicity, insurance status, or location. Asian (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84), Black (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.68), and Hispanic (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29-0.55) patients were less likely to have NST initiation less than 60 days post diagnosis vs White patients (all P ≤ .001). Recipients of GCC had improved adjusted OS vs nonrecipients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84; P &amp;lt; .001). Black patients had significantly lower adjusted OS ,compared with White recipients (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.26-1.58; P &amp;lt; .001). When GCC was received for triple-negative IBC, there was no racial and ethnic disparity in OS.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of women with nonmetastatic IBC, there were no disparities observed in GCC receipt, but only 25.1% of patients with IBC received all forms of GCC for which they were eligible. Among those who received GCC, there was no racial disparity in survival for triple-negative IBC, suggesting opportunities to improve equity through standardization of care.
Genetic Correlates of Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Xu Bohan , Forthman Katherine L. , Kuplicki Rayus , Ahern Jonathan , Loughnan Robert , Naber Firas , Thompson Wesley K. , Nemeroff Charles B. , Paulus Martin P. , Fan Chun Chieh 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major challenge in mental health, affecting a significant number of patients and leading to considerable burdens. The etiological factors contributing to TRD are complex and not fully understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic factors associated with TRD using polygenic scores (PGS) across various traits and explore their potential role in the etiology of TRD using large-scale genomic data from the All of Us (AoU) Research Program.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study was a cohort design with observational data from participants in the AoU Research Program who have both electronic health records and genomic data. Data analysis was performed from March 27 to October 24, 2024.ExposuresPGS for 61 unique traits from 7 domains.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLogistic regressions to test if PGS was associated with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) compared with treatment-responsive major depressive disorder (trMDD). Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine if the progressions from MDD to TRD were associated with PGS.ResultsA total of 292 663 participants (median [IQR] age, 57 (41-69) years; 175 981 female [60.1%]) from the AoU Research Program were included in this analysis. In the discovery set (124 945 participants), 11 of the selected PGS were found to have stronger associations with TRD than with trMDD, encompassing PGS from domains in education, cognition, personality, sleep, and temperament. Genetic predisposition for insomnia (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.15) and specific neuroticism (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16) traits were associated with increased TRD risk, whereas higher education (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and intelligence (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.94) scores were protective. The associations held across different TRD definitions (meta-analytic R2 &amp;gt;83%) and were consistent across 2 other independent sets within AoU (the whole-genome sequencing Diversity dataset, 104 388, and Microarray dataset, 63 330). Among 28 964 individuals followed up over time, 3854 developed TRD within a mean of 944 days (95% CI, 883-992 days). All 11 previously identified and replicated PGS were found to be modulating the conversion rate from MDD to TRD.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that genetic predisposition related to neuroticism, cognitive function, and sleep patterns had a significant association with the development of TRD. These findings underscore the importance of considering psychosocial factors in managing and treating TRD. Future research should focus on integrating genetic data with clinical outcomes to enhance understanding of pathways leading to treatment resistance.
Capturing what matters: Patient‐reported LGI1‐ANTibody encephalitis outcome RatiNg scale (LANTERN)
Authors: Kelly Mark J , Wagner Barbara , Ceronie Bryan , Strippel Christine , Lin Ann Yee , Handel Adam , Soltys John , Binks Sophie , Powell Philip A , Irani Sarosh R 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundLGI1‐antibody encephalitis (LGI1‐Ab‐E) is a common form of autoimmune encephalitis where most patients demonstrate ‘good’ clinician‐rated outcomes. However, more targeted questionnaires reveal numerous debilitating symptoms for many years. To better quantify these persistent features, we designed the LGI1‐Antibody Encephalitis Rating (LANTERN) scale, a quantified, disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM), adhering to FDA guidelines.MethodsA participant‐driven mixed‐methods approach to develop a clinically valid questionnaire over three stages: (1) Item generation through semi‐structured interviews; (2) Repeated cognitive debriefing rounds to advance comprehensibility, relevance and comprehensiveness; (3) Psychometric survey to condense the most sensitive and valid questions. Analyses incorporated sensitivity testing with multiple internal and external validations.ResultsFrom 73 items across six domains (Stage 1; n = 18), a questionnaire assessing the frequency and severity of 43 symptoms (80 questions), plus nine activities of daily living (ADL), was developed through cognitive debriefing (Stage 2; n = 15). This 89‐question survey was completed (Stage 3; n = 66 patients and 32 relatives) and distilled, using exploratory factor analyses, to a three‐factor symptom‐burden questionnaire comprising 41 questions (19 symptoms and 6 ADL), separated into physical, cognitive/behavioural and ADL domains. These factors demonstrated strong internal reliability (Cronbach alpha: 0.85–0.91), correlations with relative‐completed questionnaires (R = 0.73–0.85; p < 0.001), good‐to‐excellent intraclass re‐testing correlations (0.81–0.98; n = 19) and strong associations with numerous predefined external measures.DiscussionLANTERN represents a PROM for LGI1‐Ab‐E, with initial content, structural and construct validity and test–retest reliability. It can be used as a reliable, tailored, efficient and sensitive method to establish symptom burden in people with LGI1‐Ab‐E, both in clinical practice and trials.
High‐Fat and Low‐Carbohydrate Dietary Environments Are Linked to Reduced Idiopathic Epilepsy Incidence and Prevalence
Authors: Ni Duan , Senior Alistair , Raubenheimer David , Simpson Stephen J. , Nanan Ralph 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDietary manipulations like ketogenic diets are established interventions for recalcitrant epilepsy. However, it remains unknown whether specific macronutrient exposure through dietary environments could possibly extend to primary preventive qualities, associated with changes in epilepsy disease burden (prevalence and incidence). Here, macronutrient supply, GDP, and idiopathic epilepsy disease burden data were collated from more than 150 countries from 1990 to 2018. Nutritional geometry generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) modeling unraveled that dietary environments with high‐fat and low‐carbohydrate supplies were linked to lower epilepsy incidence and prevalence. Our analyses suggested a plausible primary preventive role of dietary manipulations for epilepsy.
Production of Parallel Aligned Nanofiber Rovings From Continuous Bundles
Authors: Yıldırım Behzat , Kılıç Ali , İçoğlu Halil İbrahim , Topalbekiroğlu Mehmet 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach to converting electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber bundles into rovings, essential for nanofiber yarn spinning, through the implementation of false twisting and drawing processes. The false twisting process is optimized by varying the input bundle angle (40° to 60°), twister type (A, B, C), and rotation speed (20, 50, and 80 rpm). A bundle input angle of 55°, twister type B, and a twister rotation speed of 80 rpm show the best results in terms of longer twisted length, lower average thickness, and thickness variation values. The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the resulting nanofiber rovings for drawing process implementation are also evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis further reveals significant improvements in nanofiber alignment and uniformity. The drawing process reduces the average nanofiber diameter from 297 to 200 nm and decreases the standard deviation of alignment angles from 14.2° to 8.1°, indicating a substantial enhancement in parallel nanofiber alignment. These morphological changes contribute to a marked increase in tensile strength from 2.2 to 3.3 cN tex−1. Integrating false twisting and drawing processes in electrospun nanofiber production can significantly enhance the mechanical properties and alignment of nanofibers, making them more suitable for advanced textile applications.
Geniposidic Acid Targeting FXR “S332 and H447” Mediated Conformational Change to Upregulate CYPs and miR‐19a‐3p to Ameliorate Drug‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Fan Minqi , Xu Yuanhang , Wu Bingxin , Long Jiachan , Liu Caihong , Liang Zuhui , Zhang Rong , Liu Zhongqiu , Wang Caiyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI), caused by chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine, often leads to severe outcomes like liver failure due to a lack of early detection markers. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a key regulator of bile acid (BA) and cholesterol metabolism, is a potential therapeutic target. This study investigates the pathogenesis, markers, and treatment strategies for DILI, focusing on the hepatoprotective effects of geniposidic acid (GPA) from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis. Using cellular and animal models of acute and chronic DILI induced by acetaminophen and triptolide, we explored GPA's mechanisms in BA and cholesterol metabolism. Lipidomic and BA analyses revealed that GPA alleviates DILI by enhancing bile acid synthesis and transport via FXR activation. Experiments using AAV‐shFXR, Fxr−/− mice and molecular assays demonstrated that GPA targets Ser332 and His447 on FXR ligand‐binding domain, promoting FXR nuclear translocation and initiating cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) transcriptional activation for BA metabolism. Additionally, miRNA sequencing and RNA‐pulldown assays showed that GPA‐activated FXR upregulates miR‐19a‐3p, binding to LXR 3'UTR to inhibit cholesterol production. These findings reveal the GPA‐FXR “structure‐target” relationship, highlighting a dual mechanism in which GPA promotes CYPs‐mediated bile acid metabolism and miR‐19a‐3p‐mediated cholesterol synthesis inhibition, providing a basis for FXR‐targeted DILI therapies.
Mesoporous Silica‐Enhanced Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Polyvinyl Alcohol Self‐Healable Membrane for High Concentration Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Tai Mae Hwa , Thiam Hui San , Tee Shiau Foon , Lim Yun Seng , Saw Lip Huat , Lai Soon Onn 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTProton exchange membranes (PEMs) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) transport protons while minimizing fuel crossover. However, commercial Nafion membranes face durability and methanol permeability issues. This study introduces a novel self‐healable mesoporous silica (MSN) modified sulfonated poly(ether ketone) (SPEEK)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane to improve DMFC efficiency and longevity. The composite membrane comprising 3 wt% MSN (S/PVA/MSN3) shows proton conductivity comparable to the pristine SPEEK, despite the inclusion of non‐conductive PVA. MSN's large specific surface area and high porosity enhance water retention and facilitate proton transport. The methanol permeability of S/PVA/MSN3 is reduced by 29% compared to the pristine SPEEK, attributed to the combined effect of PVA's superior selectivity for water over methanol and the tortuous pathways created by MSN. Thanks to its improved selectivity, a DMFC with S/PVA/MSN3 achieves a remarkable open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.63 V, even with a high methanol concentration of 8 M, and a peak power density of 8.79 mW cm−2, which is 2.13 times greater than the commercial Nafion 117. Moreover, S/PVA/MSN3 demonstrates significant recoveries of 91% in OCV and 87% in maximum power output following damage and self‐healing. These findings suggest that the self‐healable S/PVA/MSN has the potential for future use in DMFCs.
Untangling the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Stem Cells
Authors: Mattingly Zoe , Chetty Sundari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neuro developmental condition characterized by significant genetic and phenotypic variability, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. The heterogeneity of ASD‐associated genetic variants and the absence of clear causal factors in many cases complicate personalized care. Traditional models, such as postmortem brain tissue and animal studies, have provided valuable insights but are limited in capturing the dynamic processes and human‐specific aspects of ASD pathology. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have transformed ASD research by enabling the generation of patient‐derived neural cells in both two‐dimensional cultures and three‐dimensional brain organoid models. These models retain the donor's genetic background, allowing researchers to investigate disease‐specific cellular and molecular mechanisms while identifying potential therapeutic targets tailored to individual patients. This commentary highlights how stem cell‐based approaches are advancing our understanding of ASD and paving the way for more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.