bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugated Polymers with Self‐Immolative Sidechain Linkers for Carbon Nanotube Dispersion
Authors: Yu Xiao , Adronov Alex 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are promising materials for generating high‐performance electronic devices. However, these applications are greatly restricted by their lack of purity and solubility. Commercially available SWNTs are a mixture of semi‐conducting (sc‐) and metallic (m‐) SWNTs and are insoluble in common solvents. Conjugated polymers can selectively disperse either sc‐ or m‐SWNTs and increase their solubility; however, the conductivity of conjugated polymer‐wrapped SWNTs is largely affected by the polymer side chains. Here, a poly(fluorene‐co‐phenylene) polymer that contains a self‐immolative linker as part of its sidechains is reported. The self‐immolative linker is stabilized with a tert‐butyldimethylsilyl ether group that, upon treatment with tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), undergoes a 1,6‐elimination reaction to release the sidechain. Sonication of this polymer with SWNTs in tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in concentrated dispersions that are used to prepare polymer‐SWNT thin films. Treatment with TBAF caused side‐chain cleavage into carbon dioxide and the corresponding diol, which can be easily removed by washing with solvent. This process is characterized by a combination of absorption and Raman spectroscopy, as well as four‐point probe measurements. The conductance of the SWNT thin films increased ≈60‐fold upon simple TBAF treatment, opening new possibilities for producing high‐conductivity SWNT materials for numerous applications.
Effect of Soy Protein Isolate on Pasting, Rheological, and Textural Attributes of Potato Starch
Authors: Chakraborty Gourav , Yadav Tanmay , Kumar Chandan , Swaraj  , Upadhyay Srishti , Kumar Kshitiz , Desai Shivani , Sharanagat Vijay Singh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effects of different concentrations of soy protein isolate (SPI) on the functional, rheological, pasting, and structural properties of potato starch (PS) are investigated. The water and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of PS‐SPI mix increased significantly with the addition of SPI. Gel strength, peak, final, breakdown, and setback viscosity of PS decreases, whereas the pasting temperature increases with an increase in SPI fraction. Both the Herschel–Bulkley and power law model are found to equally fit in steady state rheology. The PS‐SPI blend exhibits pseudoplastic behavior. The addition of SPI decreases the storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″). SPI also lowers the flow stress values in the amplitude sweep test. Frequency sweep confirms the formation of weak gel formation in PS‐SPI blend by exhibiting a lower value of G′ and G″ than the pure starch. The microstructure of composite gel appears less dense with greater pore size than starch gel. The hardness of the SPI‐PS blend gel decreases from 6.76 to 0.85 N when the SPI content is increased from 0% to 50%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirms that no chemical groups are formed or destroyed during the composite gel‐making process.
Shear strength of prestressed concrete beams with short shear span: Full‐scale experiments and evaluation of design methods
Authors: Duanmu Xiangyong , Xu Dong , Hu Ke , Jia Qinlong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrestressed concrete (PC) is increasingly used in civil engineering construction. Notably, research on shear resistance in PC beams with short shear span remains relatively limited, necessitating further comprehensive exploration. In the study, tests were conducted on bonded post‐tensioned PC T‐beams with short shear span (a/h = 1.0), subjecting them to monotonic loading destructive tests. These beams measured 24.9 m in length, 1.605 m in height, and had a top flange width of 2.0 m. They featured a uniform cross‐section with a 0.22 m web thickness. Given the size of the full‐scale test beams and space constraints for loading, an innovative loading scheme was devised to minimize the counterweight. Test results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of the loading scheme. The tests were conducted five times and the main test variables were the draped tendons and the quantity of horizontal web reinforcement. The tests revealed that horizontal web reinforcement significantly influenced crack propagation but had a minimal effect on shear strength. For the parameter values taken for the test beams, the prestressing level has less effect on the shear strength of the beam. Simultaneously, an investigation was conducted involving a total of 119 PC beams. This investigation aimed to evaluate the degree of conservatism and accuracy in shear design code provisions and shear strength equations derived from various standards, including the strut‐and‐tie model (STM) of ACI, AASHTO, and Tan, as well as the critical crack model of Yuan and the truss model of Laskar. Comparative analysis indicates that, the design method provided by Yuan exhibit relatively superior predictive capabilities.
Dynamic response of asymmetric suspended structure subjected to random wind excitation
Authors: Tian Chong , Yao Weicang , Pan Yi , Ge Xinguang , Xu Changchun 
Published: March 2024

SummarySuspended structures, regarded as the expression of structural beauty, have attracted the focus of many architects and engineers. With the complexity of dynamic responses of the asymmetric suspended structures subjected to the random alongside wind excitation, an innovative method was proposed through combining the finite element method (FEM), the complex mode method (CMM), the pseudo excitation method (PEM), and the quadratic decomposition method (QDM) of frequency response function. The method could obtain unified closed‐form solutions of spectral moment and variance of node displacement and velocity and acceleration of asymmetric structures and its correctness was verified by existing numerical approaches. The proposed method is applicable to the random wind‐induced vibration response analysis of diverse linear complex structures. Notably, its efficacy lies in its circumvention of numerical integration, endowing it with high computational efficiency and accuracy. Extended comparative studies and discussion were also performed on effect of suspended span and comparisons of normal framed structure and symmetry structure. The results showed that the suspended span presented positive relation to horizontal displacement and inverse tendency to horizontal acceleration of the whole structure and vertical and horizontal acceleration of the columns near to suspended part should also be considered in engineering design.
A study on the usefulness of eppikajutsuto for cellulitis
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Hikichi Haruka , Tanaka Hidenori 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimCellulitis is a skin and soft‐tissue infection that is primarily treated with antimicrobial therapy, with the assumption that an organism is the causative agent. Eppikajutsuto (EPTJ) is generally used to alleviate inflammatory swelling, pain, and warmth in joints owing to its heat™1‐clearing and fluid™1‐regulating properties. This study is a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of EPTJ in the treatment of cellulitis.MethodsA total of 99 patients (48 men and 51 women) treated with EPTJ for cellulitis were recruited. The drug was considered effective when symptoms improved with EPTJ (including concomitant use of Kampo prescriptions) and ineffective when EPTJ was discontinued or changed to another drug. Adverse reactions were also monitored.ResultsThere were 94 effective and five ineffective cases (efficacy rate, 94.9%). No adverse events were reported. The dosing period of the effective group was found to be significantly longer than that of the ineffective group (p = 0.0221). Antibiotics were used in 48.5% of the cases; however, there was no difference in concomitant antibiotic use between the effective and ineffective groups.ConclusionEPTJ may be a safe and effective treatment option for cellulitis. Although antimicrobial agents were used in 48.5% of cases, further studies are needed to determine whether the concomitant use of antimicrobial agents is essential or the concomitant use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is useful.
Cultivating a sustained community of teaching and learning scholars across disciplines and institutions
Authors: Ford Channing R. , Wilkins Emily B. , Helms Kristen L. , Garza Kimberly B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores the evolutionary nature of higher education and how it continues to stress the need for the professoriate to be active within scholarly teaching. This qualitative study examines how each author navigates SoTL research and analyzes the authors' reflective journaling for themes and sub‐themes for alignment with Scholarship Reconsidered, Scholarship Assessed and Community of Scholars models. Study findings support the existing literature and showcases the importance of establishing a community of scholars that offers its members a place of psychological safety and support.
Exploring the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) landscape of academia: SoTL‐centric culture elements in institutions of faculty members who publish in SoTL‐focused journals
Authors: Braxton John M. , Major Claire Howell , Wolf Joshua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the results of a survey‐based study intended to provide insight into the existence and degree of empirical support for the elements of strong teaching cultures in colleges and universities where faculty members participate in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). The findings contribute to the larger body of literature on the importance of fostering strong teaching cultures in higher education and highlight the need for institutions to prioritize the support and recognition of faculty engaged in SoTL.
The stimulation of exosome generation by visfatin polarizes M2 macrophages and enhances the motility of chondrosarcoma
Authors: Song Chang‐Yu , Wu Chih‐Ying , Lin Chih‐Yang , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Chen Hsien‐Te , Fong Yi‐Chin , Chen Li‐Chai , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that arises from abnormalities in cartilaginous tissue and is associated with lung metastases. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes are primarily used as mediators of intercellular signal transmission to control tumor metastasis. Visfatin is an adipokine reported to enhance tumor metastasis, but its relationship with exosome generation in chondrosarcoma motility remains undetermined. Our results found that overexpressing visfatin augments the production of exosomes from chondrosarcoma cells. Visfatin‐treated chondrosarcoma exosomes educate macrophage polarization towards the M2 but not M1 phenotype. Interestingly, M2 macrophages polarized by exosomes return to chondrosarcoma cells to facilitate cell motility. According to these findings, chondrosarcoma cells emit more exosomes when treated with visfatin. The stimulation of exosome generation by visfatin polarizes M2 macrophages and enhances the motility of chondrosarcoma.
Elucidating the role of water films on solute diffusion in unsaturated porous media by improved pore‐scale modeling
Authors: Yang Yuankai , Patel Ravi A. , Prasianakis Nikolaos I. , Churakov Sergey V. , Deissmann Guido , Bosbach Dirk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolute diffusion in partially saturated porous media is an important fundamental process in many natural and environmental systems. At low water saturation, the solute transport is governed by the diffusion in thin water films on the surfaces of solids. In this study, we established an improved pore‐scale simulation framework successfully describing the solute diffusion in variably saturated porous media (e.g., soils), which considers the contribution of the diffusion within the thin water film on the surface of the solid matrix. The model takes into account the liquid–gas distribution in the underlying porous media by the Shan‐Chen lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and simulates the solute diffusion in the bulk liquid phase and the water film. Based on the numerical results, an easy‐to‐use theoretical formula was also developed to predict the effective diffusivity in microporous materials at low saturation levels. The average relative error of its prediction with respect to the experimental data from the literature is about 30%, while that of the classical power law exceeds 70%. A simple phase diagram was defined, which allows us to identify the situations under which it is necessary to take the influence of surface water films on the effective diffusivity in unsaturated microporous media into account. The present study improves the pore‐scale model to address solute diffusion in the water films at low water saturation and elucidates the contribution of thin water films on solute transport.
Urgent versus elective surgical disparities among American Indian and Alaska Native patients
Authors: Brown Benjamin , Holt Sarah , Dindinger‐Hill Kassandra , Wolff Erika M. , Javid Sara , Nyame Yaw , Gore John L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) health issues are understudied despite documentation of lower‐than‐average life expectancy. Urgent surgery is associated with higher rates of postsurgical complications and postoperative death. We assess whether American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) patients in Washington State are at greater risk of requiring urgent rather than elective surgery compared with non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW).MethodsWe accessed data for the period 2009–2014 from the Washington State Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System (CHARS) database, which captures all statewide hospital admissions, to examine three common surgeries that are performed both urgently and electively: hip replacements, aortic valve replacements, and spinal fusions. We extracted patient race, age, insurance status, comorbidity, admission type, and procedures performed. We then constructed multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with use of urgent surgical care.ResultsAIAN patients had lower mean age at surgery for all three surgeries compared with NHW patients. AIAN patients were at higher risk for urgent surgery for hip replacements (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.19–1.88), spinal fusions (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.87), and aortic valve replacements (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.12–3.80).ConclusionAIAN patients were more likely to undergo urgent hip replacement, spinal fusion, and aortic valve replacement than NHW patients. AIAN patients underwent urgent surgery at younger ages. Medicaid insurance conferred higher risks for urgent surgery across all surgeries studied. Further research is warranted to more clearly identify the factors contributing to disparities among AIAN patients undergoing urgent surgery.
Double blind randomized controlled trial of efficacy of ormeloxifene for the treatment of fibroadenoma (The FIBROCENT study)
Authors: Agrawal Kratika , Silodia Ashutosh , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Deepti Bala , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the effectiveness of Ormeloxifene (Centchroman) on regression of Fibroadenoma in a double‐blind randomized controlled trial.MethodsPatients with biopsy proven Fibroadenoma were enrolled between March 2023 and October 2023 and divided in two arms‐ Ormeloxifene group and Placebo group. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using USG. No residual mass was defined as complete regression and more than 30% decrease in size was considered as partial regression.ResultsA total of 130 consecutive patients with Fibroadenoma were randomized to Ormeloxifene group (n = 65) and Placebo Group (n = 65). Complete regression was observed in 9% (6/65) patients in Ormeloxifene group and 10.8% (7/65) in Placebo Group at the end of 12 weeks (p = 0.49). Twenty one patients taking Ormeloxifene reported adverse events as compared to none in the other group.ConclusionIn our study Ormeloxifene was not found to be effective in treatment of fibroadenoma and had concerning side effects.
Multiple Lines of Maximum Genus in $${\mathbb {P}}^3$$
Authors: Schlesinger Enrico 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe introduce a notion of good cohomology for multiple lines in $${\mathbb {P}}^3$$

P

3

and we classify multiple lines with good cohomology up to multiplicity 4. In particular, we show that the family of space curves of degree d, not lying on a surface of degree $$<d$$

<
d

, and of maximal arithmetic genus is not irreducible already for $$d=4$$

d
=
4

and $$d=5$$

d
=
5

.
Generalized quasiorders and the Galois connection $${\textbf {End}}$$–$$\varvec{{{\,\textrm{gQuord}\,}}}$$
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica , Pöschel Reinhard , Radeleczki Sándor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEquivalence relations or, more general, quasiorders (i.e., reflexive and transitive binary relations) $$\varrho $$
ϱ
have the property that an n-ary operation f preserves $$\varrho ,$$

ϱ
,

i.e., f is a polymorphism of $$\varrho ,$$

ϱ
,

if and only if each translation (i.e., unary polynomial function obtained from f by substituting constants) preserves $$\varrho ,$$

ϱ
,

i.e., it is an endomorphism of $$\varrho .$$

ϱ
.

We introduce a wider class of relations—called generalized quasiorders—of arbitrary arities with the same property. With these generalized quasiorders we can characterize all algebras whose clone of term operations is determined by its translations by the above property, what generalizes affine complete algebras. The results are based on the characterization of so-called u-closed monoids (i.e., the unary parts of clones with the above property) as Galois closures of the Galois connection $${\textrm{End}}$$
End
–$${{\,\textrm{gQuord}\,}},$$

gQuord

,

i.e., as endomorphism monoids of generalized quasiorders. The minimal u-closed monoids are described explicitly.
Neue Aspekte in der Ätiologie und Therapie der jugendlichen Anorexia nervosa – ein postuliertes biopsychosoziales Modell und die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Dahmen Brigitte , Zielinski-Gussen Ingar M. , Seitz Jochen 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Anorexia nervosa ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen des Jugendalters mit einer hohen Mortalität. Ihre Behandlungsbedürftigkeit hat während der COVID-19-Pandemie vor allem im Kindes- und Jugendalter zugenommen. Der Artikel zeigt neue Forschungsergebnisse zur Ätiologie der Erkrankung auf, insbesondere zur genetischen Disposition und zu metabolischen Veränderungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Behandlungszahlen während der COVID-19-Pandemie wird die Bedeutung der Gen-Umwelt-Interaktion diskutiert. Der zweite Schwerpunkt des Artikels bezieht sich auf neue Behandlungsmethoden. Neben dem experimentellen Einsatz biologischer Interventionen werden auch neue psychotherapeutische Behandlungsstrategien vorgestellt. Im Vergleich zur früheren Behandlung der Anorexia nervosa wird der intensiven Einbeziehung der Eltern in die Therapie eine hohe Bedeutung beigemessen. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere durch die Entwicklung der Behandlung zu Hause (Home Treatment). Die Konzeption der Anorexia nervosa als metabopsychiatrische Erkrankung ist mit der Hoffnung auf neue Forschungs- und Therapieansätze verbunden.
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie zu Auswirkungen der neu formulierten Diagnosen PTBS und kPTBS in der ICD-11
Authors: Eilers Rebekka , Ertl Verena , Kasparik Barbara , Kost Anne , Rosner Rita 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die in der ICD-11 enger gefassten Kriterien der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und die Einführung der komplexen PTBS (kPTBS) mit zusätzlichen Schwierigkeiten in der Selbstorganisation und -regulation (SSO) können deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Diagnosehäufigkeit haben. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, aufgrund welcher ICD-11-Cluster Kinder und Jugendliche die Diagnose verfehlen und ob Bezugspersonen Veränderungen im SSO-Bereich eher auf den Entwicklungsstand oder das traumatische Ereignis attribuieren und wie diese Attributionen wiederum mit der Symptomschwere zusammenhängen.

Methoden
N = 88 deutschsprachige Kinder und Jugendliche (Alter: 7–17) mit traumatischen Ereignissen sowie N = 79 Bezugspersonen wurden zwischen September 2019 und November 2020 zur (k)PTBS-Symptomschwere (CATS-2) und der Attribution der SSO-Symptome (Fragebogen für Bezugspersonen) befragt.

Ergebnisse
Die ICD-11-Kriterien (CATS‑2 und eine entwicklungsangepasste Version) ergaben geringere Häufigkeitsraten der PTBS als DSM‑5 und ICD-10. Am seltensten wurden die ICD-11-Cluster „Wiedererleben“ und „Übererregung“ erfüllt. Veränderungen der SSO-Symptome wurden vorwiegend als ereignisbedingt eingeschätzt. Diese Attribution hing mit höherer PTBS- und SSO-Symptomschwere im Fremdbericht zusammen. Die entwicklungsbedingte Attribution hing mit einer höheren SSO-, jedoch nicht PTBS-Symptomschwere im Fremdbericht zusammen.

Diskussion
Im Rahmen der Diagnostik und bei der Überarbeitung von Diagnoseinstrumenten für ICD-11-(k)PTBS sollten auch entwicklungsspezifische Symptomausprägungen berücksichtigt werden. Eine Herausforderung stellt die Abgrenzung von Veränderungen im SSO-Bereich als „traumabezogen“ gegenüber „entwicklungsbedingt“ dar und erfordert mehrere Informationsquellen.
Zufriedenheit mit der Weiterbildung an einem Level-I-Traumazentrum – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage und Entwicklung eines kompetenzbasierten Weiterbildungskonzeptes
Authors: Katthagen J. Christoph , Deichsel Adrian , Schenk Christian , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Glasbrenner Johannes , Raschke Michael J. 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die strukturierte, kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildung ist einer der am häufigsten artikulierten Wünsche von AssistenzärztInnen.

Methodik
Es erfolgte die Befragung von 19 AssistenzärztInnen hinsichtlich der Zufriedenheit mit der aktuellen Weiterbildung an einem Level-I-Traumazentrum, mittels eines Fragebogens mit 5 Fragen, welche auf einer 5‑Punkte-Likert-Skala beantwortet wurden. Im Folgenden erfolgte die Entwicklung eines überarbeiteten, kompetenzbasierten Weiterbildungskonzeptes.

Resultate
Die Befragung spiegelte eine Unsicherheit wider, ob die aktuellen Weiterbildungsstrukturen den Anforderungen der Weiterbildungsordnung gerecht werden können. Das überarbeitete, kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildungskonzept besteht aus klinischem Mentoring, regelmäßigen theoretischen und praktischen Fortbildungen sowie regelmäßigen und strukturierten Mitarbeitergesprächen.

Schlussfolgerung
Das vorgestellte Weiterbildungskonzept spiegelt den Versuch wider, eine zeitgemäße chirurgische Weiterbildung zu etablieren und sollte im Verlauf evaluiert werden.