bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorafenib With Interferon Alfa-2b As First-Line Treatment of Advanced Renal Carcinoma: A Phase II Study of the Southwest Oncology Group
Authors: Ryan Christopher W. , Goldman Bryan H. , Lara Primo N. , Mack Philip C. , Beer Tomasz M. , Tangen Catherine M. , Lemmon Dianne , Pan Chong-Xian , Drabkin Harry A. , Crawford E. David 
Published: July 2007

Purpose This phase II study evaluated the activity of combined treatment with interferon alfa-2b and sorafenib, a Raf and multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced renal carcinoma. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had metastatic or unresectable renal carcinoma with a clear-cell component, no prior systemic therapy, performance status 0 to 1, and measurable disease. Treatment consisted of interferon alfa-2b 10 × 106 U subcutaneously three times weekly and sorafenib 400 mg orally bid. The primary end point was confirmed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response rate. Results Twelve (19%) of 62 assessable patients achieved an objective confirmed response. An additional 31 (50%) had an unconfirmed partial response or stable disease as best response. The median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% CI, 4 to 11 months). The most common adverse events were fatigue, anorexia, anemia, diarrhea, nausea, rigors/chills, leukopenia, fever, and transaminase elevation. Von Hippel-Lindau gene mutations were detected in four (22%) of 18 archival tumor specimens. Conclusion The confirmed response rate for the combination of sorafenib and interferon in advanced renal carcinoma is greater than expected with either interferon or sorafenib alone. The toxicity of this combination is dominated by adverse events common to interferon that limit further development of this regimen.
Recent Major Progress in Long-Term Cancer Patient Survival Disclosed by Modeled Period Analysis
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Gondos Adam , Arndt Volker 
Published: July 2007

Purpose To disclose most recent trends in long-term cancer patient survival. Methods We estimated trends in 5- and 10-year relative survival of cancer patients in the United States in 1998 to 2003 from the 1973 to 2003 database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program using recently introduced period-analysis modeling techniques that provide the most up-to-date and precise survival estimates. Results Statistically significant and partly very substantial improvement in 5- and 10-year relative survival in the 1998 to 2003 period was seen for 14 of 24 of the assessed common forms of cancer, including breast and colorectal cancer. For example, by 2003, 5-year relative survival exceeded 90% for patients with breast cancer and reached levels of about two thirds for patients with colorectal cancer and kidney cancer and patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Unfortunately, 5-year relative survival remained essentially unchanged at approximately 16% for lung cancer patients, and, despite statistically significant improvement, as low as 7% for pancreatic cancer patients. Overall, improvement was most pronounced for patients with regional tumor spread and somewhat less so for patients with localized tumors, whereas hardly any improvement was achieved for patients with distant tumor spread. Conclusion Our analysis discloses further major improvement in prognosis for most, but not all forms of cancer in recent years. The largest contribution to this improvement comes from improved prognosis of patients with regional tumor spread.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Copy Number and Clinical Outcome of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Panitumumab
Authors: Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Moroni Mauro , Veronese Silvio , Carnaghi Carlo , Bajetta Emilio , Luppi Gabriele , Sobrero Alberto , Barone Carlo , Cascinu Stefano , Colucci Giuseppe , Cortesi Enrico , Nichelatti Michele , Gambacorta Marcello , Siena Salvatore 
Published: July 2007

Purpose In a previous cohort study, we proposed that responsiveness of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies has a genetic basis, being associated with increased EGFR gene copy number (GCN) as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in individual tumors. The present study was aimed at assessing the predictive role of EGFR GCN, in terms of clinical outcome, in patients treated with panitumumab. Patients and Methods Patients with mCRC refractory to standard therapies were a subset of patients from a phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care (BSC; n = 58) versus BSC alone (n = 34) who were selected on the basis of availability of tumor samples adequate for FISH. Results In patients treated with panitumumab, a mean EGFR GCN of less than 2.5/nucleus or less than 40% of tumor cells displaying chromosome 7 polysomy within the tumor predicted for shorter progression-free survival (PFS; P = .039 and P = .029, respectively) and overall survival (P = .015 and P = .014, respectively). None of the treated patients with mean EGFR GCN of less than 2.47/nucleus or less than 43% of tumor cells displaying chromosome 7 polysomy obtained objective response compared with six of 20 and six of 19 patients with values greater than these cutoff limits, respectively (P = .0009 and P = .0007, respectively). Evaluation of BSC-treated patients showed no correlation between EGFR GCN or chromosome 7 polysomy status and PFS. Conclusion In a larger and more homogeneous series than in previous studies, present exploratory data suggest that mCRC patients with tumors distinguishable by FISH analysis of EGFR as homogenously disomic or with low chromosome 7 polysomy have a reduced likelihood of response to panitumumab.
Nickel-promoted Fabrication of Multicreviced Carbon Nanotubes with Improved Electrochemical Capacitance
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Li Dongguo , He Li , Zhang Jiaji , Ni Xiaomin 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with multicreviced tube walls were fabricated by pyrolyzing acetone with single-crystalline nickel nanoflakes as promoter. Thus-prepared CNTs exhibited high specific capacitance and excellent cyclic stability without any activation treatments, which was ascribed to their special structures.
A Facile and Convenient Synthesis of N-Acetyl-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-(4H)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones from the Reaction of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives with Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Nikpour Farzad , Sheikh Davood , Saraji Mohammad 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A facile and convenient synthesis of N-acetyl-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-(4H)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones has been reported by cyclization of some 2-(benzylideneamino)benzoic acids in acetic anhydride under reflux condition. High yields of the products were obtained in high purity with simple work-up.
Protective Agent-free Preparation of Gold Nanoplates and Nanorods in Aqueous HAuCl4 Solutions Using Gas–Liquid Interface Discharge
Authors: Furuya Kenji , Hirowatari Yuko , Ishioka Toshio , Harata Akira 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Gas–liquid interface discharge at atmospheric pressure above HAuCl4 solutions containing no protective agents generates triangular and hexagonal nanoplates and nanorods of gold. Experimental results under several different conditions indicate that the plates and rods rapidly grow on the surface of the solution. In contrast, the spherical nanoparticles slowly grow in the solution.
Asymmetric Sulfimidation with cis-β Ru(salalen)(CO)2 Complexes as Catalyst
Authors: Fujita Hidekazu , Uchida Tatsuya , Irie Ryo , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Ru(salalen)(CO)2 complexes were found to serve as catalysts for asymmetric sulfimidation under irradiation, and high enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee) was obtained. In addition, the structures of two Ru(salalen)(CO)2 complexes that carry the ligands of the same configuration but induce opposite asymmetry to each other, were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Room-temperature Formation of Alkoxide-derived Anatase Nanoparticles by Peroxotitanic Acid Approach
Authors: Liu Yong-Jun , Aizawa Mami , Peng Wen-Qin , Wang Zheng-Ming , Hatori Hiroaki , Uekawa Naofumi , Kanoh Hirofumi 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A controlled procedure leads to formation of pure anatase nanoparticles from titanium alkoxide near room temperature, without using any organic solvent by the peroxotitanic acid approach. The nanoparticles are highly mesoporous, with the surface covered by peroxo groups, and have excellent photodecomposition activity as compared to those prepared from ordinary procedures.
Organic Paramagnetic Ionic Liquids Based on Anion Containing 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl Radical Moiety
Authors: Yoshida Yukihiro , Tanaka Hirofusa , Saito Gunzi 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A series of genuine organic paramagnetic ionic liquids were prepared utilizing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl-4-sulfate (TEMPO-OSO3) anion with S=1⁄2 radical spin. Their static susceptibilities and EPR spectra can be explained in terms of the paramagnetic spins on the TEMPO radical moieties, although they have much low fluidities and ionic conductivities.
A Simple Route to Coat Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Silica
Authors: Zhu Yong , Pan Yubai , Xu Heng , Xiang Changshu , Kou Huamin , Guo Jingkun 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) without oxidation or covalent decoration were homogeneously coated with silica through a simple modified sol–gel method.
Regulated Formation of 2D Water Layers with Alternating Six-membered Quasi-planar and Chair Cluster Units by 1D Supramolecular Chain
Authors: Goto Kenta , Shinmyozu Teruo 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Crystals of 4-methylamino-6-oxopyrimidine (1) grown from aqueous alcohol were found to contain 2D water layers consisting of hexameric water clusters with alternating quasi-planar and chair conformations, which are apparently regulated by interactions with the supramolecular aggregate of 1n through hydrogen bonds.
Design, Synthesis, and Performance of NTA-modified Lipids as Templates for Histidine-tagged Protein Crystallization
Authors: Thompson David H , Zhou Mingkang , Grey Jessica , Kim Hee-kwon 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Current methods of drug discovery and development typically involve either structure-based drug design approaches or high-throughput screening methods for lead identification. The structure-based discovery process relies heavily upon the labor-intensive determination of three-dimensional protein structures using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR techniques. Although tens of thousands of soluble protein structures have been resolved at the atomic level using these methods, there are many drug targets, particularly integral membrane proteins, whose structures have not been elucidated. In the case of XRD, this limitation often arises from the lack of reliable and predictable methods for protein crystallization. The extensive number of proteins crystallized by the interfacial templating approach suggests that this method may offer great promise for structural biology applications, particularly for proteins that do not readily form X-ray quality crystals from bulk solution. This review highlights the various approaches that have been used for templating of protein crystallization at gas–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces. Special emphasis is placed on the synthesis of NTA- and IDA-conjugated lipids, their use in templating and concentrating proteins at lipid monolayer interfaces, and protein structure elucidations that have been facilitated by these metal-chelating lipids. Current approaches to control the nucleation and growth of protein crystals involving microfluidics, dip pen nanolithography, and non-covalent symmetry-based templating approaches are also discussed. Taken together, the progress in this field suggests that the interfacial templating approach to crystallization can develop into a powerful tool for high-throughput structural analysis by providing a universal, readily controllable method for crystallizing proteins.
Pleiotropy and Heterogeneity in the Expression of Bone Strength-Related Phenotypes in Extended Pedigrees
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Kammerer Candace M , Wheeler Victor W , Patrick Alan L , Bunker Clareann H , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Genetic analysis in 3535 relative pairs from extended multigenerational families of African heritage showed that volumetric BMD is a highly heritable polygenic trait that is under compartment-specific genetic regulation. The majority of the phenotypic variation in bone size and volumetric BMD also seems to be strongly influenced by distinct genes for each trait.
Introduction: BMD and bone size contribute to bone strength and the risk of fracture. Little is known about the genetic architecture of QCT measures of volumetric BMD and bone size. We studied the contribution of genes, shared genes (pleiotropy), and shared environment to cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD and bone size using variance components analysis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 471 individuals ≥18 yr of age (mean, 43 yr) from eight multigenerational Afro-Caribbean families (mean family size &gt; 50; 3535 relative pairs) underwent a peripheral QCT scan of the radius and tibia and anthropometry.
Results: Strong positive genetic correlations were observed for trabecular or cortical BMD measured at the tibia and radius (ρG &gt; 0.82, p &lt; 0.01), but not between trabecular and cortical BMD measured within the same anatomical site. Genetic correlations between volumetric BMD and bone length and circumference were also not statistically significant.
Conclusions: BMD is a highly heritable polygenic trait that is under compartment-specific genetic regulation. The majority of the phenotypic variation in skeletal size and density seems to be strongly influenced by distinct sets of genes for each trait.
Imatinib Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation by Inhibiting PDGFR Signaling and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis by Both Direct and Stromal Cell-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: O'Sullivan Susannah , Naot Dorit , Callon Karen , Porteous Fran , Horne Anne , Wattie Diana , Watson Maureen , Cornish Jill , Browett Peter , Grey Andrew 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that imatinib may affect skeletal tissue. We show that inhibition by imatinib of PDGFR signaling in osteoblasts activates osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoblast proliferation and that imatinib inhibits osteoclastogenesis by both stromal cell-dependent and direct effects on osteoclast precursors.
Introduction: Imatinib mesylate, an orally active inhibitor of the c-abl, c-kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) tyrosine kinases, is in clinical use for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. Interruption of both c-kit and c-abl signaling in mice induces osteopenia, suggesting that imatinib might have adverse effects on the skeleton. However, biochemical markers of bone formation increase in patients with CML starting imatinib therapy, whereas bone resorption is unchanged, despite secondary hyperparathyroidism. We assessed the actions of imatinib on bone cells in vitro to study the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying the skeletal effects we observed in imatinib-treated patients.
Materials and Methods: Osteoblast differentiation was assessed using a mineralization assay, proliferation by [3H]thymidine incorporation, and apoptosis by a TUNEL assay. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed using murine bone marrow cultures and RAW 264.7 cells. RT and multiplex PCR were performed on RNA prepared from human bone marrow samples, osteoblastic cells, and murine bone marrow cultures. Osteoprotegerin was measured by ELISA.
Results: The molecular targets of imatinib are expressed in bone cells. In vitro, imatinib increases osteoblast differentiation and prevents PDGF-induced inhibition of this process. Imatinib inhibits proliferation of osteoblast-like cells induced by serum and PDGF. In murine bone marrow cultures, imatinib inhibits osteoclastogenesis stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and partially inhibits osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Imatinib partially inhibited osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW-264.7 cells. Treatment with imatinib increases the expression of osteoprotegerin in bone marrow from patients with CML and osteoblastic cells.
Conclusions: Taken together with recent in vivo data, these results suggest a role for the molecular targets of imatinib in bone cell function, that inhibition by imatinib of PDGFR signaling in osteoblasts activates bone formation, and that the antiresorptive actions of imatinib are mediated by both stromal cell-dependent and direct effects on osteoclast precursors.
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Khosla Sundeep , Burr David , Cauley Jane , Dempster David W , Ebeling Peter R , Felsenberg Dieter , Gagel Robert F , Gilsanz Vincente , Guise Theresa , Koka Sreenivas , McCauley Laurie K , McGowan Joan , McKee Marc D , Mohla Suresh , Pendrys David G , Raisz Lawrence G , Ruggiero Salvatore L , Shafer David M , Shum Lillian , Silverman Stuart L , Van Poznak Catherine H , Watts Nelson , Woo Sook-Bin , Shane Elizabeth 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
ONJ has been increasingly suspected to be a potential complication of bisphosphonate therapy in recent years. Thus, the ASBMR leadership appointed a multidisciplinary task force to address key questions related to case definition, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic imaging, clinical management, and future areas for research related to the disorder. This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the task force.
Introduction: The increasing recognition that use of bisphosphonates may be associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) led the leadership of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) to appoint a task force to address a number of key questions related to this disorder.
Materials and Methods: A multidisciplinary expert group reviewed all pertinent published data on bisphosphonate-associated ONJ. Food and Drug Administration drug adverse event reports were also reviewed.
Results and Conclusions: A case definition was developed so that subsequent studies could report on the same condition. The task force defined ONJ as the presence of exposed bone in the maxillofacial region that did not heal within 8 wk after identification by a health care provider. Based on review of both published and unpublished data, the risk of ONJ associated with oral bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis seems to be low, estimated between 1 in 10,000 and &lt;1 in 100,000 patient-treatment years. However, the task force recognized that information on incidence of ONJ is rapidly evolving and that the true incidence may be higher. The risk of ONJ in patients with cancer treated with high doses of intravenous bisphosphonates is clearly higher, in the range of 1–10 per 100 patients (depending on duration of therapy). In the future, improved diagnostic imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography or MRI combined with contrast agents and the manipulation of image planes, may identify patients at preclinical or early stages of the disease. Management is largely supportive. A research agenda aimed at filling the considerable gaps in knowledge regarding this disorder was also outlined.
Atrial natriuretic peptide and related peptides
Authors: Akashi Yoshihiro J. , Springer Jochen , Lainscak Mitja , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn recent years, biomarkers have been recognized as important tools for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision-making in cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the clinical potential of several natriuretic peptides is under scientific investigation. The well-known counter-regulatory hormones are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) and urodilatin, which play an important role in the homeostasis of body fluid volume. ANP and BNP have already been demonstrated to have diagnostic usefulness in a great number of studies, which have progressed from bench to bedside. This article summarizes existing data on ANP and related peptides in cardiovascular and other disorders, and outlines the potential clinical usefulness of these markers.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1259–67.
La préhistoire de la controverse filioquiste
Authors: Morales Xavier 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The article draws the origins of the filioquist controversy back to the theology of Asterius the Sophist and his refutation by Marcellus of Ancyra (condemned in 336). The oriental theology of the Fourth century provides a sort of prehistorical background to the formula: “The Spirit proceeds from the Father by the Son”. The first systematical pneumatology, delivered by Athanasius of Alexandria in his Letters to Serapion (ca. 360), similarly expresses a intermediary role of the Son in the mission of the Spirit, in trying to respect literally the johannine data. Athanasius' attempt is of particular interest, in as much as it has been later advocated as a testimony for the filioquist formula, singularly by Nicephorus Blemmydes (1197-1272) and George of Cyprus (1241-1290). Actually, later interpretations reveal the ambiguity of Athanasius' own formulations.
LED-Temperatursensor (LED Temperature Sensor)
Authors: Lange Volker , Tüfekcidere Hannan , Kühlke Dietrich 
Published: July 2007

Eine einfache Methode der Temperaturmessung mithilfe einer Lumineszenzkonversions-LED wird vorgestellt. Das Verfahren wurde an einer Standard-Weißlicht-LED erprobt und weist eine Genauigkeit von ca. 2 °C auf. Es wird gezeigt, dass bei Verwendung anderer Lumineszenzstoffe die Genauigkeit signifikant erhöht werden kann. Ein Ausblick auf weitere LED-Sensoranwendungen wird gegeben.
Charles de Gaulle und das Scheitern einer europäischen Diplomatie
Authors: Dunlea Claudia 
Published: July 2007

Vorspann
Die Gründung eines Europäischen Auswärtigen Dienstes ist mit dem Scheitern des Europäischen Verfassungsvertrages an den Referenden in Frankreich und den Niederlanden 2005 nicht zum ersten Mal mißlungen. Bereits 1960 hat es in der Ära Walter Hallstein einen Versuch gegeben, die bestehenden Vertretungen der Hohen Behörde der Europäischen Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl (EGKS) zu europäischen Botschaften der drei Gemeinschaften (EWG, EAG und EGKS) weiterzuentwickeln. Gründe und Hintergründe für das damals vor allem aus Frankreich kommende „Nein“ zu einer europäischen Diplomatie analysiert Claudia Dunlea auf der Basis neu erschlossener Quellen.
A Statistical Framework for Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping
Authors: Chen Meng , Kendziorski Christina 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn 2001, Sen and Churchill reported a general Bayesian framework for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in inbred line crosses. The framework is a powerful one, as many QTL mapping methods can be represented as special cases and many important considerations are accommodated. These considerations include accounting for covariates, nonstandard crosses, missing genotypes, genotyping errors, multiple interacting QTL, and nonnormal as well as multivariate phenotypes. The dimension of a multivariate phenotype easily handled within the framework is bounded by the number of subjects, as a full-rank covariance matrix describing correlations across the phenotypes is required. We address this limitation and extend the Sen–Churchill framework to accommodate expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping studies, where high-dimensional gene-expression phenotypes are obtained via microarrays. Doing so allows for the precise comparison of existing eQTL mapping approaches and facilitates the development of an eQTL interval-mapping approach that shares information across transcripts and improves localization of eQTL. Evaluations are based on simulation studies and a study of diabetes in mice.