bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up in smoke: Identifying signs, symptoms, and risk factors of lung cancer among smokers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Jaber S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
For the early detection and prevention of lung cancer, it is critical to know how smokers are aware of warning signs, symptoms, and risk factors for this disease.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the smokers’ awareness of lung cancer’s signs, symptoms, and risk factors.

RESULTS:
Only 54% of smokers recruited (n = 1317) were aware of lung cancer symptoms with 56% of smokers expressing low confidence in recognizing them. The commonly missed symptoms include persistent shoulder pain (38%), prolonged cough (49%), and finger shape changes (49%). Around 73% were aware of lung cancer risk factors and the top known risk factors were smoking (75%), radon gas (65%), and air pollution (57%). Male and light smokers had higher knowledge scores of lung cancer signs and symptoms compared to female and heavy smokers (7.82 ± 4.0 vs. 6.34 ±2.9, P < 0.001, and 7.66 ± 3.9 vs 6.98 ± 4.0, P = 0.023, respectively). Furthermore, male and light smokers had significantly greater lung cancer awareness of risk factors than female and heavy smokers (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation exists between the identifying signs and symptoms and knowing lung cancer risk factors (r = 0.71, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Heavy smokers are more likely to be unaware of lung cancer warning signs, symptoms, and risk factors than light smokers. Over 55% of smokers lacked confidence in recognizing lung cancer symptoms. Public health measures should address the specific needs of heavy and light smokers, including tailored health education initiatives considering regional and social support differences.
Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Primary Venous Aneurysms in the Extremities – Our Experience
Authors: Kalagani Bhavani Prasad , Singh Devender , Praveena Madavan , Aryala Shalini 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Primary venous aneurysms (PVA) in extremities result in the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and chronic venous insufficiency. Owing to the rarity of these aneurysms, a consensus for their treatment has yet to be established. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to review the presentation, treatment options, and outcome of primary venous aneurysms in extremities.

Material and Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis from June 2022 to June 2024 and found 7 patients were treated for primary venous aneurysms in extremities. A venous aneurysm was defined as saccular or fusiform with an aneurysm/vein ratio of >1.5. Patients with varicose veins, A-V fistulas, and pseudoaneurysms were excluded from this study.

Results:
There were 7 patients with primary venous aneurysms, with male preponderance (6:1). The ages ranged from 25 to 60 years. 5 aneurysms were located in the lower extremity and 2 in the upper extremity. In 3 patients, lower extremity aneurysms occurred in the deep system. Patient’s symptoms were swelling associated with pain (5) and mass (2). Thromboembolism occurred in 2 patients, DVT in 1, and PE in 1. Diagnosis was made by colour duplex scanning, Computed Tomography (CT) Venography, or magnetic resonance imaging. The aneurysm sizes ranged from 4 to 6 cm. Management consisted of tangential excision with lateral venorrhaphy in 3 (42.9%) and total excision in 4 (57.1%) patients. Postoperative anticoagulation is recommended for at least 3 months.

Conclusion:
Primary venous aneurysms in extremities are uncommon, and their presentation ranges from asymptomatic, to life-threatening PE/DVT or rupture with bleeding. Open surgical repair remains the “gold standard,” either ligation and total excision, or tangential aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrahaphy.
Outcomes and Patency of Vascular Mimetic Stents in Long-segment Femoral Artery Lesions
Authors: Nandan Vemuri , Ramswamy Chandrashekar Anagavalli , Gowda Suhas S , Desai Sanjay C , Neeli Devee Krishna Sashidhar , Kumar Vinay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Long-segment femoral artery lesions are challenging to treat, with vascular mimetic stents offering a promising solution.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the outcomes and patency rates of vascular mimetic stents over a 2-year follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study of 50 patients analyzed demographics, lesion characteristics, patency, and amputation-free survival rates across follow-up periods (3 months to 2 years).

Results:
Patients had high rates of comorbidities, including Diabetes Mellitus (84%) and smoking (72%). Most presented with Rutherford class 5 ischemia (82%). Primary patency rates were 95.5%, 86.4%, 84%, and 74.7% at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. Reinterventions occurred in 4 patients, and 5 underwent major amputation, with a 90% amputation-free survival rate at 2 years.

Conclusion:
Vascular mimetic stents provide durable patency and favorable outcomes for femoral artery lesions, emphasizing the need for ongoing follow-up.
The Intricate Relationship between Fungal Infections and Cancer: Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Mandal Subhranshu , Sengupta Sankar , Mandal Chandan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent times, there has been a growing curiosity among scientists to investigate the intricate relationship between fungal infections and the development of cancer. This new area of study has illuminated the pathogenesis of cancer in many forms, especially in immunocompromised individuals. With the use of toxins and virulence factors, fungal pathogens can seriously harm host cells, start a protracted inflammatory response, and impair immunity. These intricate mechanisms create an environment that is perfect for tumor growth and metastasis. A class of carcinogens formed from fungi called aflatoxins has been explicitly connected to hepatocellular carcinoma, a prevalent kind of liver cancer. Beyond hepatocellular carcinoma, fungal infections also have an effect on the development of other cancers. Strong evidence has been found in studies to support the role of fungus in the pathophysiology of several cancers, such as those of the esophagus, stomach, colon, lung, cervix, skin, and ovary. It has been discovered that fungal infections hinder the formation of tumor immunity, encourage persistent inflammation, and impede the host immune system’s ability to fight off infections. Furthermore, the intricate relationship between fungus, host immunity, and carcinogenesis has been highlighted by recent research that has shown the intricate involvement of the microbiota-fungal axis in forming the tumor microenvironment. Developing novel techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between fungal infections and cancer. In an effort to comprehend the intricate web of interactions between fungal and host cells, researchers are actively working to discover critical pathways and biological targets implicated in the development of cancer. Scientists intend to create novel treatment strategies that can break the symbiotic interaction between the fungus and cancer cells by comprehending the underlying mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that fungal infections impair the immune system’s capacity to identify and eradicate cancer cells, which promotes the formation of tumors. In the event of a fungal infection, efforts are presently being made to identify immunological checkpoint molecules and other immunomodulatory targets that can be utilized to restore antitumor immunity. In addition, researchers are exploring the potential of antifungal agents as adjuncts to cancer therapy.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Female Medical Students toward Surgical Specialties: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alshammari Sulaiman A. , Alshamlani Lamia K. , Alomar Manar A. , Almatrafi Montaha A. , Alfirm Sadeem B. , Bohulaigah Zinab H. , Aldahmashi Dana H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
Despite the growing interest of female medical students in surgical careers, numerous barriers continue to impede their progress. The objective of this study was to find out the perceptions and factors influencing female medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, regarding their pursuit of a surgical career.

Methods:
A total of 439 female medical students from various universities in Riyadh participated in a cross-sectional survey conducted between March and April 2024. The survey included questions on demographics, interest in surgical careers, perceived barriers, and attitudes toward surgical education. The data were analyzed to identify critical factors influencing the interest in surgery.

Results:
The study found that 50.3% of the participants expressed interest in pursuing a career in surgery, with general surgery, neurosurgery, and cardiothoracic surgery being the most popular subspecialties. Key barriers identified included family and social commitments (52.6%), long working hours, heavy workloads (46.9%), and gender discrimination (45.6%). Public perception of female surgeons was rated as reasonable by 51.3% of the students. In addition, attendance of surgical courses and educational level considerably influenced students’ interest in surgery (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that although a substantial number of female medical students are interested in surgical careers, various barriers, particularly those related to family, workload, and gender discrimination, hinder their aspirations. Addressing these barriers through supportive policies and educational reforms can enhance women’s participation in surgery and ultimately benefit the healthcare system by fostering a more diverse surgical workforce.
Distribution of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Cervical Smear Samples and Evaluation of ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL Results
Authors: Tanik Eylul Beren , Bakir Ayfer , Turkmenoglu Tugba Taskin , Erdem Gul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context:
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the most common viral pathogen responsible for cervical cancers. Determining the rates of HPV positivity, genotypic distribution, and obtaining regional epidemiological data can provide guidance for preventive strategies.

Aims:
This study aims to assess HPV positivity rates, age distribution, genotyping in abnormal cytologies, and then obtain regional epidemiological data.

Settings and Design:
Descriptive study.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 3510 women aged ≥18, whose cervical smear samples were examined at the Microbiology Laboratory. HPV detection and genotyping in cervical smear samples were performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Pap smears were evaluated according to the Bethesda system.

Statistical analysis used:
SPSS 23 (IBM Corp.) software was utilized for the statistical analysis of the data.

Results:
The positivity rate for hrHPV infection was 10%. The most common genotype was other hrHPV. The rate of multiple hrHPV positive infections was 13.6%. The highest hrHPV positivity was observed in the age group ranging from 18 to 24 age group (28.7%). HPV infections were higher in abnormal cytologies (P < 0.001), with the highest positivity in LSIL (P < 0.001). The risk of having LSIL and HSIL cytology in HPV-positive individuals was 32.59 times higher than that in HPV-negative individuals (OR = 32.59; 95% CI 16.42–64.66).

Conclusions:
The hrHPV positivity was 10%, with other hrHPV strain infections being the most detected, followed by HPV 16. Due to the high detection of other hrHPV strain positivity in patients with abnormal cytology, conducting regional studies determining each hrHPV type separately, monitoring the natural course of infection with types other than HPV 16 and HPV 18, and benefiting vaccine studies are considered essential.
Exploring the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Adolescent Health and Behavior: Implications for Adverse Childhood Experience-informed Policies and Practices
Authors: Thein Shwe Sabai , Thepthien Bang-On 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
This study delves into the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the development of health issues and behavior in adolescents. The objective is to refine our understanding of the trajectory of health problems associated with ACE exposure among this demographic.

Methods:
Data from the 2022 round of the Bangkok Behavior Surveillance Survey were scrutinized in this cross-sectional study. Participants, comprising 5740 students from 36 educational institutions in Bangkok, responded to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire, consisting of 15 items, explored various ACEs. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between ACE exposure levels and health indicators.

Results:
Findings revealed that 78.1% of participants reported at least one ACE, with a higher prevalence among females. ACE exposure (0 [ref], 1, 2, 3, 4, 5+) was associated with various health and behavioral indicators compared to no ACE, including substance use (conventional cigarettes odds ratio [OR] 1.94–4.51, e-cigarettes OR 2.16–2.80, alcohol OR 1.46–3.44, marijuana OR 2.18–3.09, Kratom OR 2.05–3.93, illicit drugs OR 2.61–3.01), engagement sexual activity OR 1.55–3.26, and mental health concerns (anxiety OR: 2.39–10.11, depression OR: 1.98–14.26, suicidal thoughts OR: 2.03–13.21, self-harm OR: 2.98–8.09, and stress OR: 1.65–6.88). Female students with ACE histories exhibited poorer mental health, whereas male students demonstrated a higher propensity for substance abuse.

Conclusion:
This study underscores a compelling correlation between ACE exposure levels and a spectrum of negative health effects and risky behaviors among adolescents. Those reporting five or more ACE exposures exhibited heightened vulnerability to adverse health conditions.
Recent Advances For Upper Extremity Rehabilitation In Acute And Subacute Post Stroke Survivors : A Narrative Review
Authors: Nandinee Chotai , Shraddha Diwan 
Published: February 2025

Background: Post-stroke survivors experience motor impairments and poor arm recovery, necessitating early rehabilitation. Robot-assisted therapy is being explored for improved outcomes, but is not feasible for all clinics. So this review aims at different effective UE rehabilitation interventions.
Method: This study aimed to identify relevant articles on UE, acute and subacute stroke & Rehabilitation using search engines- Google Scholar, PubMed, Scihub from year 2019-2023 focusing on published articles in indexed journals,English language and UL rehabilitation among acute and subacute stroke patients.
Result: Eleven studies, including 10 randomized control trials and 1 systematic reviews, found that various techniques like Robotics Assisted Therapy ,CIMT, EMG biofeedback, and Mirror therapy improved motor control, functional independence, and muscle tone.
Conclusion: Limited resources in rehabilitation centers and clinics hinder intensive treatment, reducing stroke patients' recovery. Other techniques may improve functional independence, muscle tone, and quality of life.
Keywords: Stroke, acute, subacute, upper extremity, Early rehabilitation.
Integrated Teaching in Physiotherapy on Spinal Cord Injury for Final year Undergraduate Students: 8 years longitudinal study.
Authors: Suvarna Ganvir , Shyam Ganvir , Maheshwari Harishchandre , Prachi Bhagat 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: For acquiring clinical skills of treating various aspects of disease based on strong foundation of knowledge of disease, Integrated teaching is the need of time. However, it cannot be one time experiment. For successful cultivation of expected clinical skills, it is imperative that a continuous effort is made for providing this integration on a regular basis. This report is based on the experiences of successful implementation of Integrated Teaching of ‘Spinal Cord Injury Physiotherapy management’ for final year UG students of Physiotherapy course.
Methodology: It is an 8 year study of implementation of Spinal cord Injury Management for final year students implemented since 2016 at our institute. After a preliminary FGD in 2016 about the content of module, a revision meeting is conducted every 2 years to review the content. Students and faculty feedback is obtained about the experience of being a part of this module is obtained every year. Post test is conducted after every module to assess the knowledge and skill gained by participants.
Results: There is consistent positive feedback about the content of module form faculty and students since 2016 measured in terms of satisfaction index of equal to or more than 80 for each parameter of questionnaire. Parameters from students questionnaire include knowledge and skill gain, interactivity, optimal balance between theory and practical and time management. From those of faculty include interdepartmental interaction, facilitation of requisite knowledge and skills, optimal challenge of implementation.
Conclusion: This Longitudinal study implementing Integrated Teaching in Physiotherapy provides a strong evidence for incorporating this method of teaching learning in the curriculum.
Key words: Integrated Teaching, Education, Physiotherapy, TL methods.
Tolerance to Stagnant Soil Water and the Effects of Soil Quality Improvement on the Growth of YoungCastanopsis sieboldiiandCinnamomum camphoraTrees in Urban Forests
Authors: Matsunaga Kako , Ishikawa Haruka , Atsukawa Ryosuke , Kanazawa Yumiko , Tanaka Satoru , Suzuki Kojiro , Rotherham Ian D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundUrban areas, many located in lowlands, are often characterised by poor drainage and compacted soil and this can have an impact on the growth of urban trees.Castanopsis sieboldiiandCinnamomum camphoraare 2 evergreen tree species distributed throughout southern Japan. Many of these trees are planted in urban areas and their suburbs, and others grow naturally. The differences between these 2 species in their response to soil physical conditions, particularly those towards waterlogging and low aeration conditions, have not previously been studied.MethodsIn this study, we analysed and compared the tolerance ofCastanopsisspp. andCinnamomumspp. to stagnant soil water conditions and investigated the effects of soil quality improvement using obsidian perlite to increase air content in soil under stagnant and drained water conditions on the growth of these plants in pot experiments. In the study,CastanopsisandCinnamomumplants were grown on sand alone or mixed with obsidian perlite, and these were subjected to stagnant or drained water treatments.ResultsUnder stagnant water conditions, all youngCastanopsistrees died within approximately 18 months. In contrast, only one young tree ofCinnamomumspp. grown on sand died under stagnant water conditions, and those grown on sand mixed with obsidian perlite were still alive after 35 months under stagnant conditions. Soil quality improvement using perlite increased the leaf abundance (numbers) in both species.ConclusionsStagnant water with a reduced soil air phase adversely affectedCastanopsisspp. growth, but over the study period of 3 yearsCinnamomumspp. was unaffected. When selecting tree species for urban planting, the impact of localised soil conditions on tree physiology may be critical.
Фразеологические единицы китайского языка, содержащие концепт “счастье”, и особенности их перевода на русский язык
Authors: Карманова С.А. , Лю Шушуай 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается уникальное явление китайского языка — чэнъюи(фразеологические единицы китайского языка) и их сложность в переводе на русский язык. Основное внимание уделяется фразеологизмам, связанным с концептом “счастье”. Исследование направлено на разработку комплексного подхода к переводу, учитывающему лингвистические и культурные аспекты. В работе применяются методы контекстологии, вариационного анализа и компликативный метод для выявления особенностей перевода. Результаты показывают, что фразеологизмы о счастье имеют глубокие философские и культурные корни, а подходы к переводу варьируются от буквального до комбинированного в зависимости от культурного контекста. Выявление эквивалентности при переводе также становится значительным аспектом, подчеркивающим культурные различия. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для переводчиков и специалистов в области межкультурной коммуникации.
The article considers the unique phenomenon of the Chinese language — chengyu (phraseological units of the Chinese language) and their complexity in translation into Russian. The main attention is paid to the phraseological units connected with the concept of happiness. The research is aimed to develop a comprehensive approach to translation, taking into account linguistic and cultural aspects. In the process of analysis, the methods of contextology, variation analysis and complimentary method are taken to identify the peculiarities of translation. The results show that phraseological phrases about happiness have deep philosophical and cultural roots, and translation approaches vary from literal to combined, depending on the cultural context. Identifying equivalence in translation also becomes a significant aspect that emphasizes cultural differences. The results of the study can be useful for translators and professionals in the field of intercultural communication.
Analisis Ragam Bahasa Iklan “Online Shop” Pada Media Sosial Instagram @Diamore.Grosir
Authors: Islami Dian , Ginting Lisa Septia Dewi Br. 
Published: February 2025

Analisis adalah sebuah kegiatan untuk mencari suatu pola, selain itu analisis merupakan cara berpikir yang berkaitan dengan pengujian secara sistematis terhadap sesuatu untuk menentukan bagian, hubungan antar bagian dan hubungannya dengan keseluruhan. Ragam Bahasa adalah bentuk bahasa yang bervariasi menurut konteks pemakaian atau topik yang dibicarakan, hubungan antar pembicara, medium pembicaraan. iklan adalah suatu bentuk informasi yang dilakukan oleh seseorang, instansi/ lembaga, atau perusahaan, yang isinya berupa pesan yang menarik tentang sebuah produk atau jasa yang ditujukan kepada khalayak. Biasanya iklan dipasang di berbagai media agar terlihat oleh banyak orang, baik itu media offline maupun media online. Tujuan penelitian merupakan pernyataan tentang sasaran langsung yang ingin dicapai setelah dilaksanakannya penelitian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik baca, teknik catat dan teknik dokumentasi. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah akun instagram @diamore.grosir, akun inilah yang akan menjadi kajian utama penulis. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat 9 ragam bahasa santai dan 5 ragam bahasa akrab.