bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between corneal curvature and other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults
Authors: Jiang Li , Du Zijing , Sun Wei , Zhu Shanqing , Xiong Lu , Fang Xuejun , Zhou Jin , Zhang Qingsong , Lei Xiaohua , Zeng Qingyan , Wang Zheng , Hu Yijun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo investigate the associations between corneal curvature (CC) and other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. In this retrospective multi-center study, 7893 young myopic adults were included. CC and other anterior segment biometrics were measured by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam). CC was defined as SimK at central 3 mm area, and other anterior segment biometrics included white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV) at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm area, anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), anterior corneal eccentricity (ACE) and asphericity (ACAP), posterior corneal eccentricity (PCE) and asphericity (PCAP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). Univariate regression analyses were used to assess the associations between CC and other anterior segment biometrics, and multivariate regression analyses were further performed to adjusted for age, gender and spherical equivalent. CC was higher in patients of female gender and higher myopia (all P < 0.05). Eyes in higher CC quartiles had lower WTW, thinner CCT, lower CV at 3 mm and 5 mm, lower ACD, and lower ACV (all P < 0.001), but had larger ACA, larger PCA, less PCE and less PCAP (all P < 0.001), compared to eyes in lower CC quartiles. The trends of CV at 7 mm, ACE and ACAP were inconsistent in different CC quartiles. After adjusting for age, gender and spherical equivalent with multivariate linear regression, CC was positively correlated to CV at 7 mm (βs = 0.069), ACA (βs = 0.194), PCA (βs = 0.187), ACE (βs = 0.072), PCAP (βs = 0.087), and ACD (βs = 0.027) (all P < 0.05), but was negatively correlated to WTW (βs = − 0.432), CCT (βs = − 0.087), CV-3 mm (βs = − 0.066), ACAP (βs = − 0.043), PCE (βs = − 0.062), and ACV (βs = − 0.188) (all P < 0.05). CC was associated with most of the other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. These associations are important for better understanding of the interactions between different anterior segment structures in young myopic patients, and are also useful for the exploration of the pathogenesis of myopia.
The fate of leaked heavy metals in the urban environment under different persistence and precipitation scenarios
Authors: Ghasemi Mehrdad , Feyzi Kamareh Touran , Morovati Maryam , Kazembeigi Farogh , Alinejad Navid , Moein Hossein , Hassani Ghasem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of tobacco will lead to the littering of a large number of filters, and the leakage of pollutants from them into the urban environment is a serious concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the leakage of heavy metals from filter and estimate the annual concentration of pollution leakage in different waste routes and different climatic conditions. The results showed that the highest and lowest density of filter in the studied urban environment were 0.51 and 0.01 number/m2, respectively. According to the estimated annual production of 306 million cigarette butts in the studied area, the leakage of the studied metals was estimated to be 401 g. The share of copper, chromium, and cadmium from the total leakage was 67%, 8.3%, and 1.88%, respectively. The leakage of studied metals in rainy conditions was 2.86 times more than sunny conditions. In different scenarios, the minimum and maximum annual leakage of metals were estimated 23,043 and 350,419 mg/year, respectively. Filters are a little but important source of heavy metal emission into the urban environment, the amount of pollution from which is affected by the consumers’ behavior and the efficiency of the urban cleaning system. Education on the correct disposal of filters and increasing the efficiency of the urban cleaning system will lead to a reduction in pollution caused by tobacco consumption.
Activation of lateral preoptic neurons is associated with nest-building in male mice
Authors: Tagawa Natsuki , Mori Keita , Koebis Michinori , Aiba Atsu , Iino Yuichi , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Funato Hiromasa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNest-building behavior is a widely observed innate behavior. A nest provides animals with a secure environment for parenting, sleep, feeding, reproduction, and temperature maintenance. Since animal infants spend their time in a nest, nest-building behavior has been generally studied as parental behaviors, and the medial preoptic area (MPOA) neurons are known to be involved in parental nest-building. However, nest-building of singly housed male mice has been less examined. Here we show that male mice spent longer time in nest-building at the early to middle dark phase and at the end of the dark phase. These two periods are followed by sleep-rich periods. When a nest was removed and fresh nest material was introduced, both male and female mice built nests at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 6, but not at ZT12. Using Fos-immunostaining combined with double in situ hybridization of Vgat and Vglut2, we found that Vgat- and Vglut2-positive cells of the lateral preoptic area (LPOA) were the only hypothalamic neuron population that exhibited a greater number of activated cells in response to fresh nest material at ZT6, compared to being naturally awake at ZT12. Fos-positive LPOA neurons were negative for estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1). Both Vgat-positive and Vglut2-positive neurons in both the LPOA and MPOA were activated at pup retrieval by male mice. Our findings suggest the possibility that GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the LPOA are associated with nest-building behavior in male mice.
Social preferences and psychopathy in a sample of male prisoners—a pilot study
Authors: Kuper-Smith Benjamin J. , Voulgaris Alexander , Briken Peer , Fuss Johannes , Korn Christoph W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial decisions are influenced by a person’s social preferences. High psychopathy is defined by antisocial behaviour, but the relationship between psychopathy and social preferences remains unclear. In this study, we used a battery of economic games to study social decision-making and social preferences in relation to psychopathy in a sample of 35 male prison inmates, who were arrested for sexual and severe violent offenses (mean age = 39 years). We found no evidence for a relationship between social preferences (measured with the Dictator and Ultimatum Games, Social Value Orientation, and one-shot 2 × 2 games) and psychopathy (measured by the overall Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised score and both factors). These results are surprising but also difficult to interpret due to the small sample size. Our results contribute to the ongoing debate about psychopathy and social decision-making by providing crucial data that can be combined with future datasets to reach large sample sizes that can provide a more nuanced understanding about the relationship between psychopathy and social preferences.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibits fibrosis in human endometrial stromal cells via miR-140-3p/FOXP1/Smad axis
Authors: Song Mengling , Ma Lijun , Zhu Yongzhao , Gao Huimin , Hu Rong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndometrial fibrosis is the histologic appearance of intrauterine adhesion (IUA). Emerging evidences demonstrated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (UCMSC-exo) could alleviate endometrial fibrosis. But the specific mechanism is not clear. In this study, we explored the effect of UCMSC-exo on endometrial fibrosis, and investigated the possible role of miR-140-3p/FOXP1/Smad axis in anti-fibrotic properties of UCMSC-exo. UCMSC-exo were isolated and identified. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was used to induce human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) fibrosis. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify the relationship between miR-140-3p and FOXP1. The expressions of fibrotic markers, SIP1, and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 in HESCs stimulated with UCMSC-exo were detected by western blot. In addition, the effects of miR-140-3p mimic, miR-140-3p inhibitor and FOXP1 over-expression on endometrial fibrosis were assessed. The isolated UCMSC-exo had a typical cup-shaped morphology and could be internalized into HESCs. The expressions of fibrotic markers were significantly increased by TGF-β, which was reversed by UCMSC-exo. MiR-140-3p in UCMSC-exo ameliorated TGf-β-induced HESCs fibrosis. FOXP1 was identified as the direct target of miR-140-3p, which could inversely regulate miR-140-3p’s function on HESCs fibrosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-140-3p in UCMSC-exo regulated Smad signal pathway to exert the anti-fibrotic effect in HESCs. The anti-fibrotic effect of UCMSC-derived exosomes against HESC fibrosis was at least partially achieved by miR-140-3p/FOXP1/Smad axis.
Comparison between accuracy of augmented reality computed tomography-based and portable augmented reality-based navigation systems for cup insertion in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Naito Yohei , Tone Shine , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) has been used for navigation during total hip arthroplasty (THA). AR computed tomography (CT)-based navigation systems and AR-based portable navigation systems that use smartphones can also be used. This study compared the accuracy of cup insertion during THA using AR-CT-based and portable AR-based navigation systems. Patients with symptomatic hip disease who underwent primary THA in the supine position using both AR CT-based and portable AR-based navigation systems simultaneously between October 2021 and July 2023 were included. The primary outcome of this study was the absolute difference between cup angles in the intraoperative navigation record and those measured on postoperative CT. The secondary outcome was to determine the factors affecting the absolute value of the navigation error in radiographic inclination (RI) and radiographic anteversion (RA) of the cup, including sex, age, body mass index, left or right side, approach, and preoperative pelvic tilt. This study included 94 consecutive patients. There were 11 men and 83 women, with a mean age of 68 years. The mean absolute errors of RI were 2.7° ± 2.0° in the AR CT-based and 3.3° ± 2.4° in the portable AR-based navigation system. The mean absolute errors of RA were 2.5° ± 2.1° in the AR CT-based navigation system and 2.3° ± 2.2° in the portable AR-based navigation system. No significant differences were observed in RI or RA of the cup between the two navigation systems (RI: p = 0.706; RA: p = 0.329). No significant factors affected the absolute value of the navigation errors in RI and RA. In conclusion, there were no differences in the accuracy of cup insertion between the AR CT-based and portable AR-based navigation systems.
Nanoscale precision brings experimental metalens efficiencies on par with theoretical promises
Authors: Egede Johansen Villads , Gür Uǧur Meriç , Martínez-Llinás Jade , Fly Hansen Jesper , Samadi Akbar , Skak Vestergaard Larsen Maria , Nielsen Theodor , Mattinson Fredrik , Schmidlin Moritz , Mortensen N. Asger , Quaade Ulrich J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetalenses are flat lenses, where sub-wavelength, so-called meta-atoms manipulate the electric field to perform a given lens function. Compared to traditional lenses, the two main drawbacks of metalenses are their achromatic limitations and low efficiencies. While an abundance of simulations show that efficiencies above 90% are attainable for low numerical apertures (NA), experimental reports showing such high efficiencies are limited. Here, we use electron-beam lithography (EBL) to realize a set of lenses with varying NA from 0.08 to 0.93. The low NAs were expected to fit the model, and the higher NAs determine the validity range of the model. We find that measured efficiencies above 92% for NA = 0.24 are achievable, and that a slight modification of the simulation model extends its validility to NA = 0.6. Based on our results, we discuss that the lower efficiencies reported in the literature are caused by low-fidelity manufacturing, closing the efficiency gap between measurements and simulation in metalens fabrication.
Helium reservoirs in iron nanoparticles on the lunar surface
Authors: Cymes Brittany A. , Burgess Katherine D. , Stroud Rhonda M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Moon’s surface is directly exposed to the space environment and subject to alteration by space weathering. One agent of space weathering, the solar wind, enriches the lunar surface with helium. Although we understand how helium is delivered to the Moon, certain aspects of helium concentration processes on the surface remain unknown, such as why impact-generated glass aggregates contain more helium than equally sized soil grains of other types. Here we have analyzed the contents of vesicular iron nanoparticles in lunar impact glasses using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy and show that the nanoparticles contain high concentrations of helium (10-24 atoms/nm3). The widespread occurrence of vesicular iron nanoparticles among lunar samples suggests that they may be an important helium reservoir. These results also suggest that space weathering of iron-rich minerals plays a role in helium sequestration on the Moon and potentially on other airless bodies.
SimuCell3D: three-dimensional simulation of tissue mechanics with cell polarization
Authors: Runser Steve , Vetter Roman , Iber Dagmar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe three-dimensional (3D) organization of cells determines tissue function and integrity, and changes markedly in development and disease. Cell-based simulations have long been used to define the underlying mechanical principles. However, high computational costs have so far limited simulations to either simplified cell geometries or small tissue patches. Here, we present SimuCell3D, an efficient open-source program to simulate large tissues in three dimensions with subcellular resolution, growth, proliferation, extracellular matrix, fluid cavities, nuclei and non-uniform mechanical properties, as found in polarized epithelia. Spheroids, vesicles, sheets, tubes and other tissue geometries can readily be imported from microscopy images and simulated to infer biomechanical parameters. Doing so, we show that 3D cell shapes in layered and pseudostratified epithelia are largely governed by a competition between surface tension and intercellular adhesion. SimuCell3D enables the large-scale in silico study of 3D tissue organization in development and disease at a great level of detail.
Schottky barrier reduction on optoelectronic responses in heavy ion irradiated WSe2 memtransistors
Authors: Zhang Shengxia , Xu Lijun , Gao Shifan , Hu Peipei , Liu Jiande , Zeng Jian , Li Zongzhen , Zhai Pengfei , Liu Li , Cai Li , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2024

LRS–LRS switching behaviors under light illumination were achieved in heavy ion irradiated WSe2 based devices, which was ascribed to the reduction of the Schottky barrier height.
Copper-catalyzed ortho-thiocyanation of aromatic amines
Authors: Patel Monak , Kumar Nitish , Bhukya Hussain , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati 
Published: April 2024

Here, we described an efficient ortho- C(sp2)-H thiocyanation of anilines for the synthesis of aryl thiocyanates. This protocol tolerates a variety of aromatic amines to provide the desired products in good to excellent yields.
The Feel of Speech: Multisystem and Polymodal Somatosensation in Speech Production
Authors: Kent Raymond D. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The oral structures such as the tongue and lips have remarkable somatosensory capacities, but understanding the roles of somatosensation in speech production requires a more comprehensive knowledge of somatosensation in the speech production system in its entirety, including the respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal subsystems. This review was conducted to summarize the system-wide somatosensory information available for speech production.

Method:
The search was conducted with PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar for articles published until November 2023. Numerous search terms were used in conducting the review, which covered the topics of psychophysics, basic and clinical behavioral research, neuroanatomy, and neuroscience.

Results and Conclusions:
The current understanding of speech somatosensation rests primarily on the two pillars of psychophysics and neuroscience. The confluence of polymodal afferent streams supports the development, maintenance, and refinement of speech production. Receptors are both canonical and noncanonical, with the latter occurring especially in the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. Somatosensory representation in the cortex is disproportionately large and provides for sensory interactions. Speech somatosensory function is robust over the lifespan, with possible declines in advanced aging. The understanding of somatosensation in speech disorders is largely disconnected from research and theory on speech production. A speech somatoscape is proposed as the generalized, system-wide sensation of speech production, with implications for speech development, speech motor control, and speech disorders.
Mixed Methods-Ansätze zur Implementierung von Bewegung in der
Tertiärprävention
Authors: Okon Thomas , Morlok Dominik , Baurecht Hansjörg , Herrmann-Johns Anne 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungEs gibt umfangreiche Evidenz, dass Bewegung einen entscheidenden Beitrag zu
Krankheitsprävention und Therapieerfolg leisten kann. Dennoch besteht in der
Bevölkerung, besonders bei Patient*innen mit chronischen Erkrankungen, eine
Lücke zwischen der vorhandenen Evidenz und der tatsächlichen Anwendung von
Bewegung als Therapie, eine sogenannte „evidence-to-practice gap“.Implementierungsforschung kann helfen, diese Lücken zu schließen, beispielsweise
unter Verwendung theoretischer Frameworks. Der Einsatz von
Mixed-Methods-Ansätzen (eine Kombination aus qualitativer und quantitativer
Datenerhebung und -analyse) innerhalb dieser Frameworks ermöglicht ein
umfassendes und tiefergehendes Verständnis von evidence-to-practice-gaps.Daher sollte ihre Anwendung in Zukunft verstärkt werden, um
evidence-to-practice-gaps in der Gesundheitsversorgung besser zu verstehen und
zu überwinden und so eine optimale, patientenorientierte Versorgung
sicherzustellen.
Intermittierendes Hypoxietraining – hin zu mehr Energie und
Leistung
Authors: Marshall Robert Percy , Gartenbach Andrea 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungMenschliche Leistung wird direkt durch die mitochondriale Energiegewinnung unserer Zellen bestimmt.
Unsere Fähigkeit, dabei zu regenerieren und auf neue Herausforderungen adäquat zu reagieren, wird
maßgeblich durch unser vegetatives Nervensystem reguliert. Gesunde Mitochondrien und ein
funktionsfähiges Vegetativum sind daher von entscheidender Bedeutung (für High Performer und
Athleten). Selbst durch kurze hypoxische Trainings wird eine signifikante Anzahl von Genen –
vorrangig des HIF-1α und weiterer Wachstumsfaktoren – positiv beeinflusst, was zu einer indirekten
Beeinflussung der Belastungstoleranz führt. Der Einfluss auf die zelluläre und nervale
Regenerationsfähigkeit ist für den Sportler in Hinblick auf die Leistungsfähigkeit von enormer
Bedeutung. Durch intermittierendes Hypoxietraining können nicht nur die parasympathische Aktivität
und die Selbstregulation des ANS positiv unterstützt werden, sondern es kann auch aktiv als
Unterstützung im Rahmen der Regeneration und zirkadianen Rhythmik eingesetzt werden. Damit ist das
intermittierende Hypoxietraining ein sinnvolles, effektives und präventives Werkzeug zum Erhalt der
Leistungsfähigkeit, zur Optimierung der Regenerationsfähigkeit sowie in der Therapie von
Erkrankungen.
Computational Decision Support for PE Diagnosis based on Ventilation Perfusion Ratio
Authors: Vogt Julia Katharina , Vogt Wolfgang Kurt , Heinzel Alexander , Mottaghy Felix M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to investigate whether computer-aided, semi-automated 3D lung lobe quantification can support decision-making on PE diagnosis based on the ventilation-perfusion ratio in clinical practice.
Methods A study cohort of 100 patients (39 male, 61 female, age 64.8±15.8 years) underwent ventilation/perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (V/Q-SPECT/CT) to exclude acute PE on SPECT/CT OPTIMA NM/CT 640 (GE Healthcare). Two 3D lung lobe quantification software tools (Q. Lung: Xeleris 4.0, GE Healthcare and LLQ: Hermes Hybrid 3D Lung Lobar Quantification, Hermes Medical Solutions) were used to evaluate the numerical lobar ventilation/perfusion ratio (VQR) and lobar volume/perfusion ratio (VPR). A test of linearity and equivalence of the two 3D software tools was performed using Pearson, Spearman, quadratic weighted kappa and the mean squared deviation for VPR/VQR. An algorithm was developed that identified PE candidates using ROC analysis. The agreement between the PE findings of an experienced nuclear medicine expert and the calculated PE candidates was represented by the magnitude of the YOUDEN index (J) and the size of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).
Results Both 3D software tools showed good comparability. The YOUDEN index for QLUNG(VPR/VQR)/LLQ(VPR/VQR) was in the range from 0.2 to 0.5. The mean AUC averaged over all lung lobes for QLUNG(VPR) was 0.66, CI95%: ±14.0%, for QLUNG(VQR) 0.66, CI95%: ±13.3%, for LLQ(VPR) 0.64, CI95%: ±14.7% and for LLQ(VQR) 0.65, CI95%: ±13.1%.
Conclusion This study reveals that 3D software tools are feasible for numerical PE detection. The clinical decision can be supported by using a numerical algorithm based on ROC analysis.
Brachioradial Pruritus Caused by Cervical Disc Herniation Precipitated by Trauma Treated with Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas S. , Rogers James L. , Pham Martin H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrachioradial pruritis (BRP) is a rare form of dermatomal pruritis that appears to be caused both by cervical radiculopathy and exposure to ultraviolet-light, although the exact pathophysiology for the manifestation of these symptoms remains to be determined. A diagnosis of BRP is typically confirmed with the “ice-pack” test and evidence of cervical spine pathology using magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options consist of application of ice, reduction in sun exposure, and topical capsaicin, antiepileptics, or tricyclic antidepressants. Patients with refractory symptoms and cervical spine pathology may be candidates for surgical decompression, particularly at the C5 and C6 levels. However, there are currently no established guidelines to treat BRP, or surgical procedures that have shown to be superior. Here, we report two cases of cervical disc herniations after traumatic events that presented as BRP. Both cases were successfully treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with complete resolution of symptoms.