bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of rotaviruses with predominant G3 and emerging G9 genotypes from adults and children in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Hong , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Zhou Xuan , Nagashima Shigeo , Zhu Ze‐Rong , Peng Jin‐Song , Liu Man‐Qing , Hu Quan , Zhou Dun‐Jin , Watanabe Shojiro , Ishino Masaho 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrevalence and phylogenetic relatedness of rotaviruses causing diarrheal diseases in children and adults were analyzed in Wuhan, China. During a period between June 2006 and February 2008, group A rotavirus was identified in 24.9% (280/1126) and 7.6% (83/1088) of specimens taken from children and adults, respectively. G3P[8] was the most frequent genotype in both children (66.3%) and adults (62.7%), followed by G1P[8] (20.3% and 26.2%, respectively). G9 was detected in specimens from six children (2.0%) and seven adults (5.6%). The VP7 genes of G3P[8] rotaviruses from children and adults showed extremely high sequence identities to each other (98.9–100%) and also to those of G3 viruses isolated in Wuhan in 2003–2004. In the phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene, the G3P[8] rotaviruses in Wuhan were clustered into a single lineage with some G3 viruses, which had been referred to as “the new variant G3” rotaviruses, reported recently in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Similar to G3P[8] rotaviruses, extremely high sequence identities between children and adults were observed for VP7 genes of G1 and G9 rotaviruses. The G9 viruses were clustered in the lineage of globally spreading strains, while G1 viruses were genetically close to those reported previously in China and Japan. These findings indicated the persistence of the variant G3 rotaviruses and spread of G9 rotaviruses derived from the global G9 lineage in Wuhan, and suggested that the rotaviruses were circulating among children and adults, irrelevant to the G types. J. Med. Virol. 81:382–389, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amino acids of coxsackie B5 virus are critical for infection of the murine insulinoma cell line, MIN‐6
Authors: Al‐Hello Haider , Ylipaasto Petri , Smura Teemu , Rieder Elisabeth , Hovi Tapani , Roivainen Merja 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt was shown recently that 15 successive passages of a laboratory strain of the Coxsackie B virus 5 in a mouse pancreas (CBV‐5‐MPP) resulted in apparent changes in the virus phenotype, which led to the capacity to induce a diabetes‐like syndrome in mice. For further characterization of islet cell interactions with a passaged virus strain, a murine insulinoma cell line, MIN‐6, was selected as an experimental model. The CBV‐5‐MPP virus strain was not able to replicate in MIN‐6 cells in vitro but required adaptation over a few days for progeny production and the generation of cytopathic effects. In order to determine the genetic characteristics required for virus growth in MIN‐6 cells, the whole genome of the MIN‐6‐adapted virus variant was sequenced, and critical amino acids were identified by comparing the sequence with that of a virus strain passaged repeatedly in the mouse pancreas. The results of site‐directed mutagenesis demonstrated that only one residue, amino acid 94 of VP1, is a major determinant for virus adaptation to MIN‐6 cells. J. Med. Virol. 81:296–304, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic diversity of human papillomavirus (HPV) Genotype 38
Authors: Kocjan Boštjan J. , Seme Katja , Cimerman Mojca , Kovanda Anja , Potočnik Marko , Poljak Mario 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) genotype HPV 38 is a HPV genotype associated with skin cancer and is classified taxonomically in the beta‐PV genus–species 2. At least six genomic variants of HPV 38, including prototype isolate and its subtype FA125, have been characterized so far. In order to investigate further the genomic diversity of HPV 38, a total of 39 HPV 38 positive samples obtained from hairs plucked from pubic, scrotal, perianal or eyebrow regions from 31 immunocompetent healthy male individuals were analyzed. The characterization of genomic variants was based on analysis of L1, E6, and E7 genomic regions. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a single genomic variant in 35 samples and the presence of at least two different HPV 38 genomic sequences in four samples. A total of nine, nine, and five L1, E6, and E7 genomic variants were identified among 35 isolates, respectively. After combining nucleotide variations in all three genomic regions for a particular isolate, 13 different variants were identified, of which 6 and 7 corresponded to HPV 38 and FA125, respectively. In addition to 5 genomic variants identified previously (prototype isolate, subtype FA125, putative subtype AF091444, isolates U21875 and AF091443), 12 novel genomic variants were characterized. A sixth genomic variant described previously (L38917) was found to be identical with prototype HPV 38 isolate. Taking into account the results of this and previous studies, at least seventeen HPV 38 genomic variants exist today, 12 of which are described for the first time in this study. J. Med. Virol. 81:288–295, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and viral load of oncogenic human papillomavirus types associated with cervical carcinoma in a population of North Italy
Authors: Broccolo Francesco , Chiari Stefania , Piana Andrea , Castiglia Paolo , Dell'Anna Tiziana , Garcia‐Parra Rita , Maneo Andrea , Villa Annalisa , Leone Eugenio B. , Perego Patrizia , Maida Alessandro , Mangioni Costantino , Cocuzza Clementina E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA cross‐sectional study was carried out in a population of North Italy to determine the prevalence of eight oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types most commonly found in cervical carcinoma and to study the relationship between HPV DNA loads and severity of disease. A total of 597 cervical samples obtained from patients with pathological findings (n = 472) and from women with normal cytology (n = 125) were analyzed by means of normalized Real‐time PCR assays to quantify HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐31, ‐45, and ‐33 group (including ‐33, ‐52, ‐58, ‐67); the normalization of oncogenic HPV viral load was carried out by quantitation of a single copy gene. The two most common oncogenic HPV types found were 16 and 31 (24.3% and 22.9% of pathological samples, respectively); multiple infections were demonstrated in 22% of pathological samples. Overall, the HPV total viral load was found to increase with increasing severity of associated lesions, although a stronger association was observed only for HPV‐31 and HPV‐16 (γ = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively) as compared to HPV‐18 and ‐33 group (γ = 0.19 and 0.02, respectively). However, we found that high levels of HPV‐31 or 33 group DNA could be prognostic of minor oncogenic risk for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H‐SIL) (age adjusted odds ratio [AORs] = 1.57 and 1.26, respectively) than HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 (AORs = 30 and 8, respectively). The AORs also increased with HPV total viral load and reached a maximum of AORs = 15.7. Thus, HPV load is a type‐dependent risk marker for the development of H‐SIL. J. Med. Virol. 81:278–287, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variability of human metapneumovirus isolated from chilean children, 2003–2004
Authors: Escobar Carola , Luchsinger Vivian , de Oliveira Danielle Bruna , Durigon Edison , Chnaiderman Jonás , Avendaño Luis F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in all age groups, particularly in children. Two genetic groups and four subgroups of hMPV have been described. They co‐circulate during an epidemic in variable proportions. The aims were to characterize the genotypes of hMPV recovered from children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection and to establish the molecular epidemiology of strains circulating in Santiago of Chile during a 2‐year period. The detection of the N gene by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out for screening 545 infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Santiago during 2003–2004. The genetic typing of hMPV was performed by analyzing the fusion gene sequences. hMPV was detected in 10.2% (56/545 cases). Phylogenetic analysis of F gene sequences from 39 Chilean hMPV strains identified the two groups and four subgroups previously described. Strains clustered into group A were split further into the sub lineages A1, A2, and A3. Most Chilean strains clustered into the proposed novel A3 sub lineage (59%). A3 viruses were present in both years, while A1 and A2 circulated just in 1 year. In conclusion, hMPV is a relevant cause of acute lower respiratory infection in Chilean children and the potential novel cluster of group A emphasize the need for further regional genetic variability studies. J. Med. Virol. 81:340–344, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A leapfrog formulation of the 3‐D ADI‐FDTD algorithm
Authors: Cooke S. J. , Botton M. , Antonsen T. M. , Levush B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe introduce a new, alternative form of the 3‐D alternating direction implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) algorithm that has a number of attractive properties for electromagnetic simulation. We obtain a leapfrog form of the time‐advance equations, where the E and H fields are staggered at half‐integer and integer time steps, respectively, that preserves the unconditional stability of the ADI‐FDTD method. The resulting equations resemble the explicit leapfrog‐FDTD method, but the field update equations are modified to include the solution of sets of tri‐diagonal equations at each step, similar to the original ADI‐FDTD scheme, so that the scheme is not constrained by the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy limit. The algorithm is simpler than the ADI‐FDTD method but algebraically equivalent, allowing a reduction in computation to achieve the same numerical solution. We discuss the advantages of the formulation over the original FDTD and ADI‐FDTD methods, and confirm our results numerically. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The possible climatic impact in North China of the AD 1600 Huaynaputina eruption, Peru
Authors: Fei Jie , Zhou Jie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe possible climatic impact in North China of the AD 1600 Huaynaputina eruption (Peru) is investigated utilizing the Chinese historical sources. According to the records in the historical local chronicles, exceptionally disastrous frosts occurred in many areas in North China during the summer and autumn of AD 1601, which destroyed crops and caused great famines. There was even a snowfall in the summer of AD 1601 in Huai'an County.No historical records of cold weather in AD 1602–1603 in North China are found. It seems that the climatic cooling following the Huaynaputina eruption is short‐lived in this region, perhaps less than 1 year.According to the river ice condition records in the Journals of Mathew Ricci, the AD 1600/1601 winter might be not abnormally mild in North China. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
The role of climate variability and fire in early and mid Holocene forest dynamics of southern Sweden
Authors: Greisman Annica , Gaillard Marie‐José 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the possible links between regional climate, fire and vegetation at the small spatial scale during the early and mid Holocene in southern Sweden using pollen, plant macrofossil and charcoal records from a small bog. The fire history was compared with climate reconstructions inferred from various proxy records in the study region. High fire activity is related to dry and warm climate around 8550, 7600, 5500–5100 and 4500 cal. a BC. Low fire activity ca. 6500–6000 and 4750 BC may correspond to the widespread ‘8.2 k event’ (ca. 6200 BC) recorded across the North Atlantic region, and a later, brief period of increased precipitation, respectively. The decrease in broadleaved trees culminating ca. 6500–6000 BC correlates with the ‘8.2 k event’. A long mid Holocene period with low fire activity (ca. 4350–1000 BC) agrees with the pattern emerging for Europe from the global charcoal database, and may correspond to generally wetter and cooler conditions. High fire activity ca. 8550 BC probably triggered the local establishment of Corylus. Warmer and drier conditions (and high fire activity) ca. 7600 BC might have favoured the establishment of Alnus, Quercus and Tilia. The fire‐adapted Pinus maintained important populations throughout the early and mid Holocene. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metamictization in zircon: Raman investigation following a Rietveld approach. Part II: Sampling depth implication and experimental data
Authors: Presser V. , Glotzbach C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProfile line deconvolution following a Rietveld approach is applied to Raman spectra obtained from natural zircon grains from the European Alps. The corrected bandwidths are in perfect agreement with the values obtained from an established correction method (after Irmer) as far as the area of validity of the latter is concerned. For Raman active modes smaller than that, the Rietveld approach also yields accurate values for the true Raman bandwidth. Moreover, changes to instrument parameters are compensated by the correction routine. As for the studied zircon grains, Raman spectroscopy was shown to be a suitable tool for the examination of zoning (i.e. regions which show a variable degree of radiation‐induced damage because of a different amount of incorporated uranium and/or thorium). This is complicated by the fact that the measured Raman signal is not restricted to the depth expected from the axial resolution (several micrometers) but a significant contribution comes from a comparatively large excitation volume (tens of micrometer deep). This sampling volume, however, lies within the same order of magnitude as zoning, which itself is blurred by the range of amorphization‐causing alpha‐particles. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nondestructive on‐site identification of ancient glasses: genuine artefacts, embellished pieces or forgeries?
Authors: Ricciardi Paola , Colomban Philippe , Tournié Aurélie , Milande Véronique 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA selection of 23 rare glass objects, mostly enameled, of various provenance and age, from the 5th century BC to the 19th century AD including the Western and Islamic Middle Ages but with a focus on 16th–18th century Venetian and French ‘façon de Venise’ artefacts, have been studied on‐site at the Sèvres museum or at the laboratory. The Raman signatures of the transparent or opacified glass matrix and of enameled decorations are discussed and compared to those previously recorded on ceramics and stained glasses. The Raman parameters allow discrimination between 2 groups (with some variations) of glass bodies, belonging to mixed Ca–Na and Ca‐containing Na‐rich silicates, with some exceptions. Most enamels are instead lead‐based glasses, but we also found enamels having a composition close to that of the glass body. Most of the pigment signatures are similar to those recorded on ceramic glazes, which proves the link between the two technologies. A particular emphasis was given to the identification of white opacification techniques. Very specific signatures could question the authenticity of some artefacts, and at least in two cases, arguments have been found to identify a fake or embellished artefact. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of volatile compounds of precooked prawn (Penaeus vannamei) and cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored in ice as possible spoilage markers using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Soncin Silvia , Chiesa Luca M , Panseri Sara , Biondi Pierantonio , Cantoni Carlo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been reported as useful techniques for analysing volatile compounds to monitor fish freshness. In this study, SPME/GC/MS was applied to cultured gilthead sea bream and precooked prawn stored in ice for 6 days in order to find possible markers of spoilage. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) was also determined as a common index of spoilage.RESULTS: The TVB‐N value at the end of the storage period for cultured gilthead sea bream (302.40 ± 8.50 mg kg−1) was within the range of acceptability for edible fish (300–400 mg kg−1) but could be considered at the beginning of spoilage. For precooked prawn the TVB‐N value at day 6 (863.04 ± 7.84 mg kg−1) was not acceptable for human consumption. SPME/GC/MS identified 30 compounds in cultured gilthead sea bream and 49 compounds in precooked prawn. In particular, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone increased during refrigerated storage both in the two species investigated here and in other species reported elsewhere and could be considered as markers of spoilage.CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that SPME/GC/MS can be considered an efficient method suitable for analysing the volatile compounds of both raw fish and fishery products in order to monitor loss of freshness. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro degradation by mixed rumen bacteria of 17 mono‐ and sesquiterpenes typical of winter and spring diets of goats on Basilitica rangelands (southern Italy)
Authors: Malecky Mostafa , Fedele Vincenzo , Broudiscou Laurent P 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nine monoterpenes (δ‐3‐carene, p‐cymene, limonene, β‐myrcene, (E)‐ and (Z)‐β‐ocimene, α‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, γ‐terpinene), seven oxygenated monoterpenes (1,8‐cineole, linalool, (E)‐ and (Z)‐linalool oxide, 4‐terpinenol, α‐terpineol, α‐terpinolene) and one sesquiterpene (β‐cedrene) were investigated for their degradability in the rumen microbial ecosystem. These molecules were identified as dominant terpenes in the winter and spring diets of milking goats in Basilicata (southern Italy).RESULTS: All terpenes were tested at 3.33 µL L−1 for 24 h using in vitro incubation with mixed rumen bacteria from dairy goats. Oxygen‐containing compounds were those recovered at the highest levels (89% of (E)‐linalool oxide, 93% of (Z)‐linalool oxide, 91% of 1,8‐cineole, 82% of terpineol and 72% of 4‐terpinenol), except linalool. The linear alkenes β‐myrcene and β‐ocimene almost completely disappeared. Results were more variable among cyclic alkenes, with recovery rates ranging from 50% in the case of limonene to less than 1% for α‐phellandrene. 17% of the only sesquiterpene of the group, β‐cedrene, was recovered.CONCLUSION: Recovery rates differed markedly among terpenes, partly in relation to the presence of oxygen and rings in the molecules. These observations should contribute to a better understanding of the changes in composition between the diet and milk terpenes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fermentation of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) surimi and the characteristics of fermented bighead carp surimi products
Authors: Liu Zhong‐Yi , Zhang Miao‐Ling , Li Zhong‐Hai , Zhang Jian , He Li , Hou Fang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: To improve the properties and functionality of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) muscle, bighead carp surimi was inoculated with combinations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus and Monascus and fermented, and then bighead carp sausages were prepared. The characteristics of fermented bighead carp surimi and sausages were investigated.RESULTS: During the 24 h fermentation at 30 °C, bighead carp surimi inoculated with mixed starter cultures resulted in a rapid decrease of pH, and suppression in the growth of Enterobacteria. The bighead carp sausages exhibited better colour, taste, flavour and appearance than the control (P < 0.05). The changes in non‐protein nitrogen (NPN), free amino acid in the fermented bighead carp surimi and SDS–PAGE patterns indicated that severe hydrolysis of muscle protein had occurred during fermentation. The sausages inoculated with the mixed starter cultures gained higher scores for flavour and overall acceptability than the control.CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic of fermented bighead carp surimi and sausages can be significantly improved by fermentation with the combinations of yeast, Lactobacillus and Monascus. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The bone‐protective effect of a Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2) in ovariectomised female BALB/C mice
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐ling , Hong Ling‐tiao , Kang Lee Jong , Huang Ching‐jang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Yam products have been marketed for treating postmenopausal syndromes. This study investigated the effects of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2 (TNG yam) on the bone density of ovariectomised (OVX) female BALB/c mice and the mechanism whereby TNG yam exerted this effect. Sham and OVX control groups were fed a control diet while remaining OVX mice were randomly allocated into experimental diets, i.e. yam (630 g TNG powder kg−1), E2 (20 mg 17β‐oestradiol kg−1), or genistein (2 g genistein kg−1) diet. After 12 weeks of feeding, the uterine weight, indices of bone mass and caecal short chain fatty acids were determined.RESULTS: Neither a yam nor genistein diet restored the OVX‐induced uterine atrophy as did the E2 diet. The femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of mice fed the yam diet was greater than those of the sham group, respectively (P < 0.05 vs OVX control), while the lumbar BMD of yam and sham groups were similar (P > 0.05 vs sham). The femoral ash and calcium content in the yam group was significantly greater than that in the OVX control group, respectively (P < 0.05 vs OVX control). The total short chain fatty acid content in the caecum, only enhanced in the yam group, was not correlated with the calcium content of either bone or the plasma calcium level.CONCLUSION: TNG yam prevented loss of BMD and improved bone calcium status without stimulating uterine hypertrophy in OVX BALB/c mice. TNG yam may be beneficial for postmenopausal women for preventing bone loss. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Proximal composition and in vitro starch digestibility in flaxseed‐added corn tortilla
Authors: Rendón‐Villalobos Rodolfo , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Osorio‐Diaz Perla , Tovar Juscelino , Bello‐Pérez Luis A 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of addition of flaxseed flour (10:90, 15:85 and 20:80, w/w) on the chemical composition and starch digestibility of corn tortilla was investigated. Tortillas were baked and frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze‐dried, ground and analyzed for fat, protein, ash, total starch (TS), available starch (AS) and resistant starch (RS) contents as well as for starch hydrolysis rate and predicted glycemic index (pGI). Tortillas made from commercial nixtamalized corn flour were used as control sample.RESULTS: Flaxseed flour addition increased the fat and protein content of tortilla, whereas TS and AS decreased. TS was 15.25% lower in the 20% flaxseed‐containing tortilla as compared to the control sample. The AS content was 12.65% lower in the composite tortilla. RS content in the samples ranged between 1.92% for the control sample and 5.08% for the tortilla containing 20% flaxseed. The reduced enzymatic starch hydrolysis rate and pGI recorded for the flaxseed‐added tortilla, indicated slow digestion features.CONCLUSIONS: Flaxseed‐added tortilla might be used to increase the consumption of α‐linolenic acid in the daily diet and modulate starch digestibility of corn tortilla. This kind of product may be used by people with special diet reqirements. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry