bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial structure and nutrients promote invasion of IncP-1 plasmids in bacterial populations
Authors: Fox Randal E , Zhong Xue , Krone Stephen M , Top Eva M 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In spite of the importance of plasmids in bacterial adaptation, we have a poor understanding of their dynamics. It is not known if or how plasmids persist in and spread through (invade) a bacterial population when there is no selection for plasmid-encoded traits. Moreover, the differences in dynamics between spatially structured and mixed populations are poorly understood. Through a joint experimental/theoretical approach, we tested the hypothesis that self-transmissible IncP-1 plasmids can invade a bacterial population in the absence of selection when initially very rare, but only in spatially structured habitats and when nutrients are regularly replenished. Using protocols that differed in the degree of spatial structure and nutrient levels, the invasiveness of plasmid pB10 in Escherichia coli was monitored during at least 15 days, with an initial fraction of plasmid-bearing (p+) cells as low as 10−7. To further explore the mechanisms underlying plasmid dynamics, we developed a spatially explicit mathematical model. When cells were grown on filters and transferred to fresh medium daily, the p+ fraction increased to 13%, whereas almost complete invasion occurred when the population structure was disturbed daily. The plasmid was unable to invade in liquid. When carbon source levels were lower or not replenished, plasmid invasion was hampered. Simulations of the mathematical model closely matched the experimental results and produced estimates of the effects of alternative experimental parameters. This allowed us to isolate the likely mechanisms most responsible for the observations. In conclusion, spatial structure and nutrient availability can be key determinants in the invasiveness of plasmids.
A Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Shift Work on Weight Gain in Male Japanese Workers
Authors: Suwazono Yasushi , Dochi Mirei , Sakata Kouichi , Okubo Yasushi , Oishi Mitsuhiro , Tanaka Kumihiko , Kobayashi Etsuko , Kido Teruhiko , Nogawa Koji 
Published: June 2008

Objective:This study compared the effect of alternating shift work and day work on weight gain in Japanese male workers.Methods and Procedures:A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in day workers (n= 4,328) and alternating shift workers (n= 2,926) of a steel company who received annual health checkups over a 14‐year period between 1991 and 2005. The association between the type of job schedule and weight gain was investigated using multivariate pooled logistic regression analyses. The endpoints in the study were either a 5, 7.5, or 10% increase in BMI during the period of observation, compared to the BMI at entry.Results:The type of job schedule was significantly associated with all three BMI endpoints (5% increase in BMI; odds ratio (OR) for comparison between alternating shift workers and regular day workers, 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.23): (7.5% increase in BMI; OR, 1.13; 95%CI, 1.03–1.24: 10% increase in BMI; OR, 1.13; 95%CI, 1.00–1.28). BMI at study entry was also positively associated with the 5, 7.5, and 10% increases in BMI during the study. On the other hand, age and drinking habits were negatively associated with 5, 7.5, and 10% increases in BMI.Discussion:Our study revealed that alternating shift work was an independent risk factor for weight gain in male Japanese workers. Efficient health screening and regular checkups, combined with support to control unhealthy lifestyle factors, would be of considerable benefit for maintaining the health of Japanese shift workers.
Application of dynamic factor analysis in the assessment of Iberian anglerfish stocks
Authors: Azevedo Manuela , Duarte Rafael , Cardador Fátima , Sousa Pedro , Fariña Celso , Sampedro Paz , Landa Jorge , Costas Gersom 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Azevedo, M., Duarte, R., Cardador, F., Sousa, P., Fariña, C., Sampedro, P., Landa, J., and Costas, G. 2008. Application of dynamic factor analysis in the assessment of Iberian anglerfish stocks. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1362–1369. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was applied to six time-series of catch per unit effort data of the Iberian (ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa) white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) and black anglerfish (L. budegassa). Results showed that grouping the abundance indices reflected the fleet's area of exploitation and fish size selection. Two common trends (CTs) were extracted for each species, capturing the main signal of abundance over time. The white anglerfish was assessed using these CTs as input to the biomass dynamic model currently used in the ICES assessment, to investigate whether the approach would reduce the uncertainty in parameter estimates and related quantities. Using the CTs, bias estimates are lower. The current perception of an overexploited stock is unchanged, but a much lower intrinsic rate of biomass increase was estimated, indicating that the biomass recovery might be much slower. A lower maximum sustainable yield, ∼3600 t, was obtained, and this is more consistent with the historical landings trajectory. The application of DFA to stock assessment of anglerfish, presented here for the first time, can be extended to age-based assessments.
Gene expression profiling of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma supervised by CD21 expression
Authors: Miyazaki Kana , Yamaguchi Motoko , Suguro Miyuki , Choi Woonyoung , Ji Yuan , Xiao Lianchun , Zhang Wei , Ogawa Shoko , Katayama Naoyuki , Shiku Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tohru 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThis study investigated the gene expression profiles of 40 cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) according to CD21 expression, a favourable prognostic factor in DLBCL. Signature genes were analysed by Gene Ontology Tree Machine, and genes concerned with the immune system and related categories were significantly upregulated in CD21− DLBCLs. Of 40 DLBCLs, four were germinal centre B cell‐like (GCB) and 36 non‐GCB. Of the 36 non‐GCB DLBCLs, 14 CD21+ DLBCLs showed significantly better overall survival than the 22 CD21− DLBCLs (P = 0·036). Hierarchical cluster analysis of signature genes related to CD21 was applied to previously published data sets, resulting in two groups for each data set, CD21+ type DLBCLs and CD21− type DLBCLs. Survival of CD21+ type DLBCLs was significantly better than that of CD21– type (P = 0·006 and P = 0·004, respectively). In both data sets, CD21+ type DLBCLs predominantly included GCB DLBCLs compared with CD21− type. The top classifier gene of CD21 expression was IGHM, and the five of nine Gene Ontology categories significant in CD21– DLBCLs included IGHM. Immunohistochemical analysis of 216 DLBCLs confirmed that overall survival of surface (s) IgM+ DLBCLs was significantly poorer than that of sIgM‐ DLBCLs (P = 0·013).
BCR‐ABL1‐induced expression of HSPA8 promotes cell survival in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: José‐Enériz Edurne San , Román‐Gómez José , Cordeu Lucia , Ballestar Esteban , Gárate Leire , Andreu Enrique J. , Isidro Isabel , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Jiménez‐Velasco Antonio , Heiniger Anabel , Torres Antonio , Calasanz Maria José , Esteller Manel , Gutiérrez Norma C. , Rubio Angel , Pérez‐Roger Ignacio , Agirre Xabier , Prósper Felipe 
Published: June 2008

SummaryIn order to determine new signal transduction pathways implicated in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), we performed a gene expression profile comparison between CD34+ cells from CML patients and healthy donors. Functional studies were performed using the Mo7e and Mo7e‐p210 cell lines. Expression of CCND1 (Cyclin D1), as well as the chaperone HSPA8, which is important for regulation of CCND1, were significantly upregulated in CD34+ CML cells. Upregulation of HSPA8 was dependent, at least in part, on STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcrition 5)‐dependent transcriptional activation, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The presence of HSPA8 in the nuclear protein fraction as well as its binding to CCND1 suggests that it may contribute to stabilization of the CCND1/CDK4 complex, which, in turn, may participate in proliferation of CML cells. Treatment of CML cells with the specific HSPA8 inhibitor 15‐deoxyspergualin induced inhibition of CML cell viability but did not induce apoptosis. In conclusion, our studies suggest that STAT5‐mediated activation of HSPA8 induces nuclear translocation and activation of the CCND1/CDK4 complex leading to increased proliferation of CML cells, deciphering a new pathway implicated in CML and supporting a potential role of chaperone inhibitors in the treatment of CML.
Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles‐mumps‐rubella immunization in children
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: June 2008

.

France E. K.,
Glanz J.,
Xu S.,
Hambidge S.,
Yamasaki K.,
Black S. B.,
Marcy M.,
Mullooly J. P.,
Jackson L. A.,
Nordin J.,
Belongia E. A.,
Hohman K.,
Chen R. T. &
Davis R.
,
for the Vaccine Safety Datalink Team
(
2008
)

,
121
,
e687
–
e692
.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007‐1578
.
Background  The measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccine has been associated with immune thrombocytopenia purpura in two small studies.Methods  By using the Vaccine Safety Datalink, we identified measles‐mumps‐rubella‐vaccinated children aged 1 to 18 years. A case of immune thrombocytopenia purpura was defined as a patient with a platelet count of ≤50 000/µL with clinical bleeding and normal red and white blood cell indices. The immune thrombocytopenia purpura incidence rates during exposed (42 days after vaccination) and unexposed time periods were determined. A retrospective cohort of vaccinated children was used to determine incident rate ratios for children aged 1 to 18 years, 12 to 23 months and 12 to 15 months.Results  A total of 1 036 689 children received 1 107 814 measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccinations; there were 259 confirmed patients with immune thrombocytopenia purpura. Because only five exposed cases occurred after age 2 years, analyses were limited to children aged 12 to 23 months. Exposed patients aged 12 to 23 months had lower median platelet counts than those who were unexposed and had similar median duration of illness (11 vs. 10 days). The incident rate ratio was highest for children aged 12 to 15 months at 7.10. The incident rate ratio for boys aged 12 to 15 months was 14.59, and the incident rate ratio for girls in the same age group was 3.22. Seventy‐six per cent of immune thrombocytopenia purpura cases in children aged 12 to 23 months were attributable to measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccination. This vaccine causes one case of immune thrombocytopenia purpura per every 40 000 doses.Conclusion  Measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccine that is given in the second year of life is associated with an increased risk of immune thrombocytopenia purpura.
Consistent geographic structure among multiple nuclear sequences and cpDNA polymorphisms of Cardamine nipponica Franch. et Savat. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: IKEDA HAJIME , SENNI KEI , FUJII NORIYUKI , SETOGUCHI HIROAKI 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMolecular phylogeography has inferred the history of differentiation between regions and/or among populations following the Pleistocene climatic oscillations, mostly based on the genetic structure of organelle DNA. However, such genetic structure only reflects the history of a single gene, and studies based on single‐copy genes of nuclear DNA (nDNA) are required for phylogeography, although their efficiency remains unclear. To examine the utility of nDNA loci, the genetic structures of three genes from Cardamine nipponica, which is closely related to the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, were elucidated: the nDNA genes DET1, PHYA, PHYE, as well as chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). In 279 individuals collected from throughout the range of the species, strong genetic differentiation between northern and central Japan was found for all loci. This result suggested that populations in central Japan experienced a different history from those in northern Japan during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations. In addition, the evidence of refugia at the edges of the distribution, where the genetic structure was less influenced by colonization following range expansion, was shown for several loci. The specific genetic structure within the southernmost populations of northern Japan suggested that this region was also isolated during range expansion. Hence, the consistent history among loci and a more detailed history from several loci indicated that cpDNA can represent the history of vicariance and demonstrated the efficiency of single‐copy nuclear genes in phylogeography.
Benzo‐thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic Acid S‐methyl Ester does not protect Melon Fruits against Fusarium pallidoroseum Infection but Induces Defence Responses in Melon Seedlings
Authors: Gondim Darcy M. F. , Terao Daniel , Martins‐Miranda Aparecida S. , Vasconcelos Iika M. , Oliveira José T. A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the potential of benzo‐thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S‐methyl ester (BTH) to protect postharvest melons var. ‘Orange Flesh’ from the fruit rot caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum. It was noticed that melon fruits immersed in BTH and postinoculated with the fungus presented the same pattern of disease incidence/severity and activity of the defence‐related enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, and β‐1,3‐glucanase of controls, indicating that BTH was ineffective in protecting melons from the fruit rot disease. However, the preflowering application of BTH in melon seedlings induced stunted growth, probably related to enhanced lignification which is related to the plant cell wall reinforcement and increase of resistance against invading pathogens, and alterations of the activity of the studied defence‐related enzymes in comparison with controls, suggesting that this strategy could probably be effective for the control of the postharvest rot of melon fruits through activation of systemic resistance.
Formation and Germination of Septoria tritici Secondary Conidia as Affected by Environmental Factors
Authors: Guo Jian‐Rong , Verreet Joseph‐Alexander 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe effects of medium, isolate, temperature, light and pH on the formation and germination of Septoria tritici secondary conidia were tested. Of the six media tested, the malt–yeast extract agar was the best and generated 1.82 × 109 conidia/plate. The ten isolates tested showed different ability of conidia production. Darkness significantly reduced conidial formation and enhanced the transition of intermediates. The conidial germination and germ tube growth was strongly inhibited at 30°C. The suitable pH for conidial budding in malt–yeast broth (MYB) was between 5 and 9. At pH 2, 10 and 11, almost no new conidia were formed. The number of conidia reached 1.27 × 108 conidia/ml after 7 days in MYB, significantly more than that in potato dextrose broth, wheat leaf extract and H2O.
Expression and Activity of Steroid Sulphatase in the Boar Testis
Authors: Mutembei HM , Kowalewski MP , Ugele B , Schuler G , Hoffmann B 
Published: June 2008

ContentsOestrogens are essential for male fertility targeting the testicular‐epididymal compartment. However, the underlying mechanisms are only vaguely known and species specificities must be considered. The boar has a remarkably high testicular‐oestrogen output, with the biologically inactive oestrone‐sulphate being the major oestrogen occurring in the testicular vein. In the boar testis and epididymis, activity of steroid sulphatase (StS) and oestrogen sulphotransferase has been demonstrated. Thus apart from their synthesis in Leydig cells, provision of biologically active free oestrone seems also to depend on the activity and localization of these enzymes. Our aim was to establish expression patterns and activity of StS in boar testis. Testes were randomly collected from healthy boars and allotted to five age groups, five animals in each, aged 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 days. Three extra boars aged over 250 days were castrated to obtain fresh tissue for enzyme activity tests. Immunohistochemistry detected StS only in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells and – except for day‐50 group in which 65.1 ± 4.9% (X ± SD) of the cells were positive – expression was constant with virtually all the cells staining positive. RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization confirmed expression and localization of StS mRNA. The Vmax and Km value (X ± SD) for StS was 24.05 ± 0.3 fmol/s/μg protein and 2.15 ± 0.12 μm. These data suggest that StS within the Leydig cells of the boar is involved in modulation of testicular oestrogen bioavailability and that the site of sulpho‐conjugation is not the testis but a different compartment of the testes–epididymidis complex.
Rapid changes in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell function via pre‐ as well as postsynaptic membrane mineralocorticoid receptors
Authors: Olijslagers J. E. , De Kloet E. R. , Elgersma Y. , Van Woerden G. M. , Joëls M. , Karst H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCorticosterone (100 nm) rapidly increases the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons via membrane‐located mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs). We now show that a presynaptic ERK1/2 signalling pathway mediates the nongenomic effect, as it was blocked by the MEK inhibitors U0126 (10 µm) and PD098059 (40 µm) and occluded in H‐RasG12V‐mutant mice with constitutive activation of the ERK1/2 presynaptic pathway. Notably, the increase in mEPSC frequency was not mediated by retrograde signalling through endocannabinoids or nitric oxide, supporting presynaptic localization of the signalling pathway. Unexpectedly, corticosterone was also found to have a direct postsynaptic effect, rapidly decreasing the peak amplitude of IA currents. This effect takes place via postsynaptic membrane MRs coupled to a G protein‐mediated pathway, as the effect of corticosterone on IA was effectively blocked by 0.5 mm GDP‐β‐S administered via the recording pipette into the postsynaptic cell. Taken together, these results indicate that membrane MRs mediate rapid, nongenomic effects via pre‐ as well as postsynaptic pathways. Through these dual pathways, high corticosterone concentrations such as occur after stress could contribute to enhanced CA1 pyramidal excitability.
Dopamine modulates diurnal and circadian rhythms of protein phosphorylation in photoreceptor cells of mouse retina
Authors: Pozdeyev Nikita , Tosini Gianluca , Li Li , Ali Fatima , Rozov Stanislav , Lee Rehwa H. , Iuvone P. Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMany aspects of photoreceptor metabolism are regulated as diurnal or circadian rhythms. The nature of the signals that drive rhythms in mouse photoreceptors is unknown. Dopamine amacrine cells in mouse retina express core circadian clock genes, leading us to test the hypothesis that dopamine regulates rhythms of protein phosphorylation in photoreceptor cells. To this end we investigated the phosphorylation of phosducin, an abundant photoreceptor‐specific phosphoprotein. In mice exposed to a daily light–dark cycle, robust daily rhythms of phosducin phosphorylation and retinal dopamine metabolism were observed. Phospho‐phosducin levels were low during the daytime and high at night, and correlated negatively with levels of the dopamine metabolite 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The effect of light on phospho‐phosducin levels was mimicked by pharmacological activation of dopamine D4 receptors. The amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of phospho‐phosducin was reduced by > 50% in D4 receptor‐knockout mice, due to higher daytime levels of phospho‐phosducin. In addition, the daytime level of phospho‐phosducin was significantly elevated by L‐745,870, a dopamine D4 receptor antagonist. These data indicate that dopamine and other light‐dependent processes cooperatively regulate the diurnal rhythm of phosducin phosphorylation. Under conditions of constant darkness a circadian rhythm of phosducin phosphorylation was observed, which correlated negatively with the circadian rhythm of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels. The circadian fluctuation of phospho‐phosducin was completely abolished by constant infusion of L‐745,870, indicating that the rhythm of phospho‐phosducin level is driven by dopamine. Thus, dopamine release in response to light and circadian clocks drives daily rhythms of protein phosphorylation in photoreceptor cells.
The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in rat: spectral and temporal properties vary with anatomical location of the units
Authors: Tolnai Sandra , Hernandez Olga , Englitz Bernhard , Rübsamen Rudolf , Malmierca Manuel S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is a distinct nucleus in the superior olivary complex that transforms excitatory input from the cochlear nucleus into a widespread inhibitory output to distinct auditory brainstem nuclei. Few studies have dealt with the response properties of MNTB neurons to sound stimulation using in vivo preparations. In order to have a better understanding of the functional significance of the MNTB in auditory processing we report the basic temporal and spectral response properties of its principal cells using single‐unit extracellular recordings to acoustic stimulation with pure tones and amplitude‐modulated stimuli in the rat. Ninety‐seven per cent of units showed V‐shaped frequency response areas. Rate level functions were mainly saturating (51%) or monotonic (45%) at high intensities. Post‐stimulus time histograms typically were characterised as primary‐like with notch (59%) or primary‐like (33%). Units showed good phase‐locking to sinusoidally amplitude‐modulated signals with vector strength VS values up to 0.87. Modulation transfer functions had low‐pass shapes at near‐threshold levels, with cut‐off frequencies ranging from 370 to 1270 Hz. Exploration of the relationship between the temporal and spectral properties and the location of the units in the MNTB yielded characteristic frequency (CF)‐dependent response properties (latency, Q10 and cut‐off frequency) following a medio‐lateral gradient, and CF‐independent response features (maximum firing rate) following a dorso‐ventral gradient.
A 10‐year (1996–2005) prospective study of the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Moscow in the age group 0–14 years
Authors: Pronina E. A. , Petraikina E. E. , Antsiferov M. B. , Duchareva O.V. , Petrone A. , Buzzetti R. , Pozzilli P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAims  To provide data on the incidence of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Moscow, determined prospectively from 1996 to 2005 for a total of > 10 million subjects aged < 15 years.Methods  Data on T1D incidence in patients with newly discovered T1D resident in Moscow diagnosed between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2005 were analysed. Primary ascertainment was based in endocrinology departments of children's hospitals in Moscow. A secondary source were the archives of Moscow Region where patients are registered to obtain exemption from paying for medication.Results  We identified 2031 new cases of T1D patients with a degree of ascertainment through primary and secondary sources of 94%. Overall the incidence rate of the disease was 12.9 per 100 000 per year (95% confidence interval 12.3– 13.4). The cumulative risk of the disease was 0.28 per 1000 in the age group 0–4 years, 0.84 in the age group 5–9 years and 1.8 in the age group 10–14 years. The incidence rate in girls increased by a mean of 6% per year in all age groups (P < 0.05 for all comparisons), whereas in boys it increased by a mean of 7% in the age group 10–14 years. Thirty percent of cases presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and coma at diagnosis, whereas hyperglycaemia without ketonuria was present in 20% of patients.Conclusions  This is the first study to report on validated incidence data for T1D in Moscow. We conclude that the incidence of T1D in Moscow is comparable to that of those European countries having intermediate incidence rates, and that the incidence is increasing.