bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical staining and radionuclide imaging of canine tumors, using a monoclonal antibody recognizing a synthetic carbohydrate antigen
Authors: Haines Deborah M. , Matte Gilbert , Wilkinson A. A. , Noujaim A. A. , Turner C. , Longenecker B. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The in vitro and in vivo binding of a monoclonal antibody (mab) that recognizes a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen was studied in dogs. Monoclonal antibody 155H.7 was raised in response to innoculation of mice with β-galactose(l-3)βN-acetylgalactosamine conjugated to human serum albumin. Avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical staining of cryostat sections of normal and neoplastic canine tissue specimens revealed heterogenous binding of mab 155H.7 to the cells of many canine mammary and lung carcinomas and homogenous staining of many sarcomas, including osteogenic sarcoma. In addition, there was variable staining of a variety of normal tissues including some ductual epithelium, peripheral nerve fibers, and some endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Immunoscintigraphy with 131I-labeled mab 155H.7 was used to study the in vivo distribution of the antibody. The 131I-labeled mab 155H.7 was administered to 1 clinically normal dog, 7 dogs with osteogenic sarcoma, 1 dog with undifferentiated sarcoma, and 2 dogs with mammary tumor. Scintigraphy revealed concentration of radioactivity in 8 of 10 tumor sites within 24 hours after mab administration. The ratio of 131I in tumor sites to 131I in the surrounding normal tissues, compared with the similar ratio of 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes ranged from 1.1 to 4.3, in tumor vs normal tissue with a mean value of 2, confirming tumor localization of the radiolabeled mab in excess of that associated with enhanced tumor vascularization.
Vascular anatomy of the equine small colon
Authors: Archer R. M. , Lindsay W. A. , Smith D. F. , Wilson J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The vasculature of 22 small colons from dead adult ponies was perfused with latex or barium sulphate solution. The vascular anatomy was studied by use of dissection and alkali digestion of the latex specimens and microangiography of the barium sulphate-perfused specimens. The small colon is supplied by the caudal mesenteric artery. The left colic artery arises from the caudal mesenteric artery, which then becomes the cranial rectal artery. Branches from the left colic and cranial rectal arteries form anastomosing arcades that become narrower distally along the length of the small colon. From these arcades arise terminal arteries, which enter the small colon wall and give rise to a subserosal, an intermuscular, and a large submucosal plexus, with frequent anastomoses between them. The venous drainage closely parallels the arterial supply, except near to its origin from the portal vein, when the left colic vein and caudal mesenteric vein are separate from the corresponding arteries.
Failure of aspirin to impair bovine platelet function
Authors: Gentry P. A. , Tremblay R. R. M. , Ross M. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of aspirin on bovine platelet function and thromboxane A2 (txa2) production in stimulated platelets was evaluated. A single dose of aspirin (100 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to Holstein cows, and blood samples were obtained before and at regular intervals for 7 days after treatment. The production of txa2 was assessed by measuring the stable metabolite thromboxane B2, using a specific radioimmunoassay. Within 4 hours of aspirin administration, the production of txa2 was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, irrespective of whether collagen, adenosine diphosphate, or platelet activating factor was used to initiate platelet aggregation. Despite the inhibition of txa2 release from the stimulated platelets, platelet function, assessed by initial rate of aggregate formation and extent of aggregation, was unaffected by aspirin administration. The extent of aggregate formation in response to collagen, adenosine diphosphate, or platelet activating factor was independent of the amount of txa2 released from platelets before and after aspirin treatment. The results suggested that txa2 formation is not the primary biochemical pathway involved in the aggregation of stimulated bovine platelets.
Tissue sulfonamide concentration and correlation in turkeys
Authors: Epstein R. L. , Ashworth R. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nineteen hen turkeys (10 to 12 kg each) were used in a feeding study to determine sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline concentrations in blood serum, liver, and skeletal muscle, as well as the respective ratios at selected withdrawal intervals. Two feeds were prepared by use of premixes to achieve 60 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg and 100 mg of sulfaquinoxaline/kg, respectively. Each of the medicated feeds was given to 9 turkeys for 7 days. The turkeys were then fed nonmedicated feed at intervals from 24 to 56 hours and were slaughtered. One turkey was used as control. The serum/liver and serum/muscle ratios for sulfaquinoxaline were 60 to 70% higher than for sulfadimethoxine. However, the liver/muscle ratio for both sulfonamides was equivalent, approximately 3. Disposition of both sulfonamides approximated first-order pharmacokinetics. The calculated half-life of sulfadimethoxine was half that of sulfaquinoxaline, approximately 16 vs 30 hours. The coefficients of variation in the serum/tissue ratios for both sulfonamides were between 13% and 25% for serum/liver and < 15% for serum/muscle, indicating excellent potential for using serum as a predictor of actionable concentrations of sulfonamide residues.
Effects of testosterone on the prevention of T-2 toxin-induced adrenocortical necrosis in mice
Authors: Thurman J. D. , Creasia D. A. , Trotter R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To evaluate the effect of exogenous testosterone on the development of T-2 toxin-induced necrosis of adrenal glands, mice were allotted to 3 treatment groups. Each treatment group contained castrated male, and castrated and sexually intact female mice. Each mouse in group 1 was given 0.16 mg testosterone propionate at 48-hour intervals for a total of 12 injections, group-2 mice were given similar injections of only the vehicle, and group-3 mice were given no treatment. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the mice in all 3 groups were exposed for 10 minutes to an aerosol of T-2 toxin. All mice alive at 24 hours after exposure were euthanatized and the adrenal glands and thymuses were examined histologically. Necrosis of the adrenal cortex was not found in any of the mice given preexposure treatment with exogenous testosterone, whereas all mice given vehicle only or no treatment had T-2 toxin-induced necrosis of the inner portion of the adrenal cortex. Lymphocytosis in the cortex of the thymus confirmed that each mouse of all 3 treatment groups had experienced systemic mycotoxicosis. The uniform severity of the lesion in all mice suggests that the thymus was not protected by exogenous testosterone administration or by the castration status of the mice. We propose that T-2 toxin-induced adrenal necrosis in mice is prevented by the presence of testosterone.
Effect of xylazine treatment on equine proximal gastrointestinal tract myoelectrical activity
Authors: Merritt A. M. , Campbell-Thompson M. L. , Lowrey S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five 5 to 6 month old horses were surgically prepared with silver electrodes sutured to the serosa of gastric antrum, duodenum and proximal portions of the jejunum. Normal migrating motility complex (mmc) periodicity was determined during daytime hours in horses that were fed and horses from which food was withheld for 24 hours. Periodicity was defined as time span from the end of one period of regular spike activity (rsa) to the end of the next rsa in the mmc. The periodicity was 120.5 ± 9.5 (sem) minutes in horses from which food was withheld, and was 125.7 ± 20.3 minutes in horses fed hay free choice. Coincident with each duodenal rsa, antral spike activity ceased. Xylazine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg), given IV during the period of intermittent spike activity of the mmc to either fed or unfed horses induced, within 2 minutes, a rsa complex in the duodenum that migrated to the proximal portion of the jejunum. This was followed by a period of no spike activity of normal duration, which proceeded on to a period of intermittent spike activity of varying duration to complete the mmc cycle. Pretreatment iv administration of an α2-adrenergic antagonist, tolazoline (1 mg/kg) also provoked a rsa complex, but blocked the xylazine effect. The results indicated that xylazine resets the duodenal mmc in the horse, but does not seriously disrupt proximal gastrointestinal tract motility, and that control of mmc periodicity in this region probably involves more than α2-adrenergic receptors.
Electromyographic activity of cubital joint muscles in horses during locomotion
Authors: Tokuriki Mikihiko , Aoki Osamu , Niki Yoko , Kurakawa Yoshiyuki , Hataya Masa-aki , Kita Takashi 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electromyographic (emg) activity of 4 muscles of the cubital joint and the strain of forelimb hooves were recorded telemetrically in 4 Thoroughbreds (with and without a rider) standing, walking, trotting, and cantering. Bipolar fine wire electrodes were inserted into the muscles, and strain gauges were attached to the hoof wall. Motion pictures (16 mm), synchronized with emg tracings, were taken to obtain kinematic data.
When horses were standing, the biceps brachii had tonic activity, but the brachialis and the caput longum and the caput laterale of the triceps brachii had no emg activity. The biceps brachii had emg activity during the stance phase. The brachialis had emg activity from the end of the stance phase to the middle of the swing phase. Unlike the biceps brachii, the brachialis acted as a flexor muscle of the cubital joint during locomotion. The emg activity of the caput longum of the triceps brachii was detected from midswing phase to early stance phase. The emg activity of the caput laterale of the triceps brachii began in midswing or late-swing phase and ceased in early stance or midstance phase. During locomotion, caput longum emg activity always preceded caput laterale activity.
When horses were cantering, the brachialis and the caput longum (acting mainly in the swing phase) had an emg activity phase different from those in leading and trailing forelimbs. These 4 muscles had similar emg activity patterns during locomotion in horses with and without a rider.
Effect of dry, soft moist, and canned dog foods on postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: Holste L. C. , Nelson R. W. , Feldman E. C. , Bottoms G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of dry, soft moist, and canned dog foods on immediate postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations was evaluated in clinically normal dogs. Dogs were fed either dry (10 dogs; group I), soft moist (10 dogs; group II), or canned (8 dogs; group III) dog food for 5 consecutive days. On the fifth day, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined in each dog prior to, during, and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after ingestion of the food.
The alterations in plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different from prefeeding values until 240 and 180 minutes after feeding for groups I and III, respectively. In contrast, the increments in plasma glucose were significantly (P < 0.01) increased from basal concentrations at 30 and 45 minutes after feeding in group-II dogs. The maximal mean postprandial plasma glucose concentration was significantly (P < 0.0001) less for group III, compared with concentrations for groups I and II, but there was no significant difference between concentrations for groups I and II.
Although a biphasic insulin secretory response was found in all 3 groups of dogs, the patterns of phase-2 insulin secretion and the total amount of insulin secreted during the study were significantly different. There was a rapid increase in the plasma insulin concentration immediately after phase 1 in group II, with maximal plasma insulin concentrations occurring 30 minutes after feeding, followed by a gradual decrease in concentrations throughout the remainder of the study. In contrast, plasma insulin concentrations increased steadily in groups I and III after phase-1 insulin secretion, with maximal values occurring at 240 minutes after feeding. The maximal mean increase from basal insulin concentrations during phase-2 secretion was significantly (P < 0.005) greater for group II (80 ± 15 μIU/ml) than for groups I and III (23 ± 3 and 24 ± 6 μIU/ml, respectively). Whereas the integrated areas under the glucose response curves were not significantly different between groups, total insulin secretion and total insulin secreted during phases 1 and 2 were significantly (P < 0.01) greater in group II than in groups I and III.
Differences in dietary composition may offer the best explanation for differences in postprandial glucose concentrations and insulin secretory responses between groups. These findings emphasize the importance of dietary formulations when designing hormonal studies or interpreting research data when dogs are the animal model.
Effect of vaccination with a bacterin containing Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava on the breeding performance of swine herds
Authors: Frantz Joseph C. , Hanson Lyle E. , Brown Albert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Swine herds suspected to be infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava were vaccinated with bacterins containing 5 or 6 leptospiral serovars in which serovar bratislava was the unique component. The principal diagnostic feature indicating an infection by this organism was demonstration of antibody against serovar bratislava in sera from stillborn pigs. For 1 breeding cycle after vaccination of herds on 3 farms, 255 of 266 (95.9%) sows and gilts given the 6-serovar bacterin farrowed. In contrast, 233 of 311 (74.9%) sows and gilts given the 5-serovar bacterin farrowed. These results, as evaluated by analysis of variance techniques, showed a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in reproductive performance for groups vaccinated against serovar bratislava.
Evaluation of lasalocid and decoquinate against coccidiosis resulting from natural exposure in weaned dairy calves
Authors: Hoblet K. H. , Charles T. P. , Howard R. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen female Holstein calves, raised as natural herd additions under conditions typical of a well-managed midwestern United States dairy farm, were used in a natural-exposure study to determine the anticoccidial efficacies of lasalocid and decoquinate. Calves were allotted to 6 treatment blocks of 3 calves each as they were weaned. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to be given either lasalocid or decoquinate or to remain as a nonmedicated control. Calves were given medication for 90 days and remained separated from other calves for 120 days. Adjusted weight gains were consistently greater in calves that were given medication; however, differences were not statistically significant. Fecal specimens were obtained from calves at weekly intervals during the study. Overall, oocyst shedding was low. During the medication period, quantitative mean fecal shedding of oocysts was reduced eightfold in calves given decoquinate and fourfold in calves given lasalocid, as compared with nonmedicated control calves. During the period following the medication period, calves that had been controls shed fewer oocysts than did calves that had previously been given medication. A pairwise comparison of the proportion of specimens that were oocyst-positive was made to assess qualitative oocyst shedding among treatment groups. During the medication period, qualitative oocyst shedding (all species, Eimeria bovis, E zuernii, species other than E bovis and E zuernii) was greater in controls than in either lasalocid-or decoquinate-treated groups. Likewise, lasalocid-medicated calves shed oocysts more frequently than did the decoquinate-medicated group. After medication, qualitative findings were reversed. Little diarrhea was noticed in treatment or control calves during the study. However, calves given either lasalocid or decoquinate had glossier coats and a healthier appearance by the end of the medication period than did nonmedicated controls. It was concluded that, under the exposure conditions of the study, trends in weight gain and oocyst shedding patterns approximated those resulting from previous studies that used experimental inoculation of oocysts.
Effects of dopamine administration on cecal mechanical activity and cecal blood flow in conscious healthy horses
Authors: Clark E. Susan , Moore James N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lateral cecal arterial blood flow, carotid arterial pressure, heart rate, and mechanical activity of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the cecal body were measured in 7 conscious healthy horses during iv infusion of physiologic saline solution for 60 minutes (control), during a 60-minute iv infusion of dopamine (at dosages of 1, 2.5, and 5 μg/kg/min), and for 60 minutes after iv infusion of dopamine. The mean values for lateral cecal arterial blood flow during iv infusion of dopamine at a dosage of either 1 or 2.5 μg/kg/min were not significantly different from the mean values for lateral cecal arterial blood flow during iv infusion of saline solution. The mean values for lateral cecal arterial blood flow, however, were significantly greater during iv infusion of dopamine at a dosage of 5 μg/kg/min than the mean values for lateral cecal arterial blood flow during iv infusion of saline solution. Intravenous infusion of dopamine at 1 and 2.5 μg/kg/min did not significantly change the mean values for carotid arterial pressure. In contrast, the mean values for carotid arterial pressure were significantly less during iv infusion of dopamine at dosages of 2.5 and 5 μg/kg/min than during infusion of saline solution. The mean values for heart rate were not significantly altered by infusion of dopamine at a dosage of either 1 or 2.5 μg/kg/min, but infusion of dopamine at a dosage of 5 μg/kg/min significantly increased heart rate.
Intravenous infusion of dopamine at dosages of either 1 or 5 μg/kg/min did not significantly change the mechanical activity of the circular muscle layer of the cecal body, as measured by the area under the strain gauge deflection curve. Conversely, the mechanical activity of the circular muscle layer of the cecal body was significantly reduced by iv infusion of dopamine at a dosage of 2.5 μg/kg/min. This reduction of circular muscle mechanical activity by dopamine infusion was attributable to a significant decrease in the total duration of contractions. The mechanical activity of the longitudinal muscle layer was not significantly altered by infusion of dopamine at any dose.
These results suggest that iv infusion of dopamine at a dosage of 5 μg/kg/min increased lateral cecal arterial blood flow by either increasing cardiac output or dilating the lateral cecal artery, an effect most likely mediated by dopaminergic or β-adrenergic receptors. In addition, dopamine had a biphasic effect on contractile activity of the equine cecum.
Comparison of two methods for isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine fecal samples
Authors: Kim Y. G. , Bech-Nielsen S. , Gordon J. C. , Slemons R. D. , Spangler E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal samples from 131 cattle clinically suspect for paratuberculosis were cultured bacteriologically, using the traditional sedimentation processing method and a processing method that included a centrifugation step. Of 16 samples that were contaminated, 6 were culture-positive on at least 1 medium and by 1 processing method. Ten of 131 (7.6%) fecal samples processed by both methods were lost because of contamination.
The number of culture-positive samples (using both processing methods) were 65 of 121 (53.7%) on media without miconazole and 60 of 121 (49.6%) on media with miconazole. Seven of the 121 (5.8%) samples were culture-positive, using centrifugation, after 16 weeks’ incubation at 37 C. Thirteen of 60 (21.7%) isolates were obtained only with centrifugation, and 10 of these had low colony counts, suggesting that a centrifugation step may have concentrated microorganisms that would have gone undetected without centrifugation. Six of 60 (10%) isolates positive for M paratuberculosis on the sedimentation method were negative on the centrifugation method. Contamination rates were significantly (P < 0.001) increased when centrifugation was used. The miconazole significantly (P < 0.001) decreased contamination rates when centrifugation was used.
Ontogeny of the third component of complement in neonatal swine
Authors: Tyler Jeff W. , Cullor James S. , Douglas Vicki L. , Parker Kent M. , Smith Wayne L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ontogeny of the third component of complement (C3) was monitored in 10 neonatal swine, using a radial immunodiffusion technique. Significant differences in mean serum C3 concentrations, expressed as percentage of C3 concentration in a pooled standard drawn from 15 adult swine, were not observed between serum samples collected before pigs suckled and at 2 days of age (P = 0.2583). Serum C3 concentrations increased significantly between 2 and 7 days of age (P < 0.0001) and 7 and 14 days of age (P < 0.0001). Concentrations comparable with those in adults were observed at 14 days of age and significant changes were not observed thereafter. Acquisition of adult concentrations of C3 appeared to be a function of endogenous production by the neonate, rather than by passive colostral transfer.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Ehrlichia risticii
Authors: Shankarappa Basavaraju , Dutta Sukanta K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to Ehrlichia risticii were developed to provide a means of molecular investigation of the biochemical and immunopathologic characteristics of the organism. All of 6 stable monoclonal antibodies obtained were IgG isotypes. The ascitic fluid titers induced by the hybridomas ranged from 102 to 107. Competitive binding experiments conducted by elisa and binding of labeled protein A to antigen-antibody complexes indicated competition among monoclonal antibodies. Two monoclonal antibodies (HybI and 14D4) were reactive in an indirect fluorescent antibody test; these antibodies also bound a maximum of labeled protein A, indicating recognition of epitopes on the surface of the ehrlichiae. Protein specificity of monoclonal antibodies could not be demonstrated with western blot procedure. HybI monoclonal antibody, however, did precipitate the 28 kD protein from 125I-surface-labeled ehrlichiae and was shown to be specific to E risticii on the basis of nonreactivity with E sennetsu, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. By use of the different monoclonal antibodies as probes, more definitive molecular studies now will be feasible.
Ultrastructure of cultured canine oral keratinocytes
Authors: Wilkinson J. Erby , Lee C. S. , Lillie John H. , Suter Maja M. , Lewis Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Keratinocytes from explants of the oral mucosa of dogs were grown in culture for five passages. The ultrastructure of primary cultures and fully developed subcultures passaged 1, 3, and 5 times was examined. At every stage, the cells had the morphologic characteristics of epithelial cells and formed a multilayered squamous epithelium. The basal cells had the characteristics of metabolically active cells, whereas the suprabasal cells and the cells at the media interface expressed many, but not all, of the organelles and cell surface characteristics associated with keratinocyte differentiation. Keratohyalin granules were located in the suprabasal and superficial cells. Cell size and shape and the relationship between cells in the layers also reflected the morphologic characteristics of the parent tissue. Cells maintained this typical structure through all passages and the cultures changed minimally for up to a week after development.