bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Current State of Artificial Intelligence in Neuro-Ophthalmology. A Review
Authors: Lapka Marek , Straňák Zbyněk 
Published: March 2024

This article presents a summary of recent advances in the development and use of complex systems using artificial intelligence (AI) in neuro-ophthalmology. The aim of the following article is to present the principles of AI and algorithms that are currently being used or are still in the stage of evaluation or validation within the neuro-ophthalmology environment. For the purpose of this text, a literature search was conducted using specific keywords in available scientific databases, cumulatively up to April 2023. The AI systems developed across neuro-ophthalmology mostly achieve high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Individual AI systems and algorithms are subsequently selected, simply described and compared in the article. The results of the individual studies differ significantly, depending on the chosen methodology, the set goals, the size of the test, evaluated set, and the evaluated parameters. It has been demonstrated that the evaluation of various diseases will be greatly speeded up with the help of AI and make the diagnosis more efficient in the future, thus showing a high potential to be a useful tool in clinical practice even with a significant increase in the number of patients.
Value of serum iron and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in predicting the mortality of critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Zhao Rui , Liu Jiang-hua , Qiu Ze-Liang 
Published: March 2024

Introduction We aimed to investigate the association of iron metabolism-related parameters with 60-day mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis. Methods Serum or urine concentrations of iron metabolism-related parameters on intensive care unit admission were measured in a prospective cohort of 133 eligible patients with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 criteria, and these values were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors, categorized according to their 60-day survival status. Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the association between iron parameters and 60-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to illustrate the differences in survival between different iron parameters. Results Of the 133 patients included in the study, 61 (45.8%) had died by day 60. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher concentrations of serum iron (cut-off 9.5 μmol/mL) and higher concentrations of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL; cut-off 169.3 ng/mL) were associated with a significantly greater risk of death in the Cox regression analysis. These two biomarkers combined with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve to 0.85. Discussion These findings suggest that higher concentrations of serum iron and uNGAL are each associated with higher 60-day mortality, and they add significant accuracy to this prediction in combination with SOFA. Abbreviations: uNGAL: urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; ICU: intensive care unit; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II: the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HR: hazard ratio; CIs: confidence intervals; WBC: white blood cell; TBIL: total bilirubin
From specialized knowledge frames to linguistically based ontologies
Authors: Faber Pamela , León-Araúz Pilar 
Published: March 2024

This paper explains conceptual modeling within the framework of Frame-Based Terminology (Faber, 2012; 2015; 2022), as applied to EcoLexicon (ecolexicon.ugr.es), a specialized knowledge base on the environment (León-Araúz, Reimerink &, Faber, 2019; Faber & León-Araúz, 2021). It describes how a frame-based terminological resource is currently being restructured and reengineered as an initial step towards its formalization and subsequent transformation into an ontology. It also explains how the information in EcoLexicon can be integrated in environmental ontologies such as ENVO (Buttigieg, Morrison, Smith, Mungall & Lewis, 2013; Buttigieg, Pafilis, Lewis, Schildhauer, Walls & Mungall, 2016), particularly at the bottom tiers of the Ontology Learning Layer Cake (Cimiano, 2006; Cimiano, Maedche, Staab & Volker, 2009). The assumption is that frames, as a conceptual modeling tool, and information extracted from corpora can be used to represent the conceptual structure of a specialized domain.
Novel fuzzy topologies formed by fuzzy primal frameworks
Authors: Ameen Zanyar A. , Mohammed Ramadhan A. , Al-shami Tareq M. , Asaad Baravan A. 
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a new fuzzy structure named “fuzzy primal.” Then, it studies the essential properties and discusses their basic operations. By applying the q-neighborhood system in a primal fuzzy topological space and the Łukasiewicz disjunction, we establish a fuzzy operator (·) ⋄ on the family of all fuzzy sets, followed by its core characterizations. Next, we use (·) ⋄ to investigate a further fuzzy operator denoted by Cl⋄. To determine a new fuzzy topology from the existing one, the earlier fuzzy operators are explored. Such a new fuzzy topology is called primal fuzzy topology. Various properties of primal fuzzy topologies are found. Among others, the structure of a fuzzy base that generates a primal fuzzy topology. Furthermore, the concept of compatibility between fuzzy primals and fuzzy topologies is introduced, and some equivalent conditions to that concept are examined. It is shown that if a fuzzy primal is compatible with a fuzzy topology, then the fuzzy base that produces the primal fuzzy topology is itself a fuzzy topology.
Assessment of the availability of medicines under the government program «Affordable Medicines» for patients with mental disorders according to the results of the questionnaire
Authors: Немченко А. С. , Ляденко А. В. 
Published: March 2024

According to official data, the government program «Affordable Medicines» (here and further the Program) gradually increases the availability of medicines and services for patients, improves the possibility of patient–doctor communication, which directly affects the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical care.
During the work, methods of system analysis were used: systematization, scientific generalization, as well as questionnaire survey. The survey of Program participants (doctors, pharmacists, medicines manufacturers and patients) was conducted with the support of the National Health Service of Ukraine (NHSU) during 2022–2023 as part of a scientific and practical study of the availability of medicines under government programs.
According to the results of the analysis, it was established that the percentage of doctors who prescribe medicines under the Program is 71.3% at the primary level and 96.7% at the specialized level of providing medical care, the participation of pharmacies was confirmed by 99.1% of pharmacists, the involvement of manufacturers in the project is 75%, at the same time, only 30.4% of surveyed patients receive medication under the Program. According to the results of the questionnaire, doctors who provide specialized medical care (here and further SMC doctors) in most cases prescribe Escitalopram – 68.7% and Paroxetine – 52.2%, while doctors who provide primary medical care (here and further PMC doctors) prefer Escitalopram – 35.6% and Fluoxetine – 30.5%. The narrow list of INNs that are included in the Program and used for the treatment of depressive disorders forces patients to buy medicines at their own expense.
Electronic document management has simplified the work for 59.7% of SMC doctors and 87.5% of PMC doctors, while 70.9% of SMC doctors conduct telephone consultations, in most cases these are repeat calls, the number of which varies from 2 to 5 per day; 29.1% conduct only personal reception. As for PMC doctors, the percentage of telephone calls has the following distribution: 42.3% have up to 5 calls per day, 44.8% – up to 10 calls daily, and 3.6% more than 10 calls.
In view of the obtained results of the study, the automation of processes allowed to increase the availability of services for patients, to improve communications between participants and to evaluate the obtained results. Resolution of issues at the legislative level, monitoring of processes and popularization of state programs among the population remain important.
Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Guru dalam Menjalankan Tugasnya di MIN 3 Pekanbaru
Authors: Musa M. , Umar Zulkarnaini , Latief Syahrul Akmal , Yanti Evi , Elvina Elsi , Almahira Rifqi , Aulia Rowi , Kurnia Budi 
Published: March 2024

Guru-guru di berbagai daerah sering kali takut dan khawatir dalam menjalankan tugasnya, beberapa waktu lalu di beberapa daerah guru dilaporkan ke pihak kepolisian diduga melakukan pendisipilinan dengan cara menegur/memukul pada muridnya di sekolah, bahkan ada yang sampai di jatuhi pidana penjara dengan pasal yang diterapkan adalah pasal 351 KUHP tentang penganiyaan. Guru-guru di MIN 3 Pekanbaru khawatir dalam melakukan tugasnya dengan pemberitaan yang beredar di media sosial. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut tim pengabdian memberikan penyuluhan hukum terkait dengan perlindungan hukum bagi guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Metode penyuluhan hukum yang digunakan adalah dengan metode ceramah dan menampilkan PPT. Hasil pengabdian berupa tim penyuluhan hukum berhasil memaparkan pertama tentang perlindungan hukum bagi guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya dilihat dari undang-undang No. 14 tahun 2005 tengang Guru dan dosen lalu materi yang berikutnya tentang pembatasan guru mendidik dalam islam. Penyuluhan ini sangat penting untuk memberikan informasi tentang perlindungan guru dalam menjalankan profesinya sebagai pendidik.
Promoting relationship-centred care skills and attitudes: study protocol for the development and ef-fectiveness assessment of a training program for health professionals
Authors: Virgolino Ana , Santos Osvaldo , Burnay-Bastos Duarte , Miranda Ana Cristina , Vaz-Carneiro António 
Published: March 2024

Background: Patient-centred and relationship-centred care (RCC) are considered crucial for therapeutic success. However, due to time pressure and fatigue, among other constraints, health professionals tend to act based on implicit directive (i.e., more authoritative) attitudes, common to the traditional biomedical approach to care. Despite current agreement on the importance of the relationship established between patients and health professionals, limited understanding exists regarding how to promote health professionals’ implicit attitudes, in line with the concept of RCC.Goals: To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a sustainable short-term training program to promote awareness and endorsement of attitudes and values aligned with RCC in health professionals.Methods: The development of the training program to promote RCC attitudes will be supported by literature reviews and a Delphi panel to define its structure, format, and contents. The effectiveness assessment of the RCC training program will entail a 2-arms randomized controlled trial, over three moments: at baseline, immediately after the training, and two months afterward. For the effectiveness assessment, implicit and explicit attitudes regarding RCC will be evaluated, considering the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants. An implicit association test (IAT) targeting RCC attitudes will be specifically developed and validated for the Portuguese population to be applied in the effectiveness assessment process. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol statistical analyses will be performed for primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.Discussion: Integrating RCC-related content in health professionals’ education programs may promote attitudes more aligned with RCC and fitting with the participatory healthcare paradigm.
Can scent-detection dogs detect the stress associated with trauma cue exposure in people with trauma histories? A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Kiiroja Laura , Stewart Sherry H. , Gadbois Simon 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an impairing mental health condition with high prevalence among military and general populations alike. PTSD service dogs are a complementary and alternative intervention needing scientific validation. We investigated whether dogs can detect putative stress-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of people with trauma histories (54% with PTSD) exposed to personalized trauma cues.MethodsBreath samples were collected from 26 humans over 40 experimental sessions during a calm (control breath sample) and stressed state induced by trauma cue exposure (target breath sample). Two scent detection canines were presented with the samples in a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) discrimination and yes/no detection task. The 2AFC task assessed the dogs' ability to discriminate between the two states within the breath samples of one individual. The detection task determined their ability to generalize the target odour across different individuals and different stressful events of one individual. Signal Detection Theory was applied to assess dogs' sensitivity, specificity, precision, and response bias.ResultsThe dogs performed at ∼90% accuracy across all sample sets in the discrimination experiment, and at 74% and 81% accuracy, respectively, in the detection experiment. Further analysis of dog olfactory performance in relation to human donor self-reported emotional responses to trauma cue exposure suggested the dogs may have been detecting distinct endocrine stress markers. One dog's performance correlated with the human donors' self-reported fear responses and the other dog's performance correlated with the human donors' self-reported shame responses. Based on these correlations between dog performance and donor self-report measures, we speculate that the VOCs each dog was detecting likely originated from the sympathetico-adreno-medullary axis (SAM; adrenaline, noradrenaline) in the case of the first dog and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA; glucocorticoids) in the case of the second dog.ConclusionOur proof-of-concept study is the first to demonstrate that some dogs can detect putative VOCs emitted by people with trauma histories when experiencing distress theoretically associated with the intrusion and arousal/reactivity symptoms of PTSD. Results have potential to improve the effectiveness and training protocol of PTSD service dogs with a focus on enhancing their alert function.
Analysis of virulence profiles in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from renal abscesses: clinical significance of hypervirulent isolates
Authors: Lee Jaehyeon , Hwang Jeong-Hwan , Yeom Ji Hyun , Lee Sik , Hwang Joo-Hee 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionKlebsiella pneumoniae can cause a wide range of infections. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), particularly associated with the K1 and K2 capsular types, is an increasingly significant microorganism with the potential to cause invasive infections, including renal abscesses. Despite the rising prevalence of hvKp infections, information on renal abscesses caused by K. pneumoniae is limited, and the clinical significance of hvKp associated with specific virulence genes remains elusive.MethodsThis study performed at a 1200-bed tertiary hospital sought to identify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of renal abscesses caused by K. pneumoniae, focusing on various virulence genes, including capsular serotypes and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsOver an 8-year period, 64 patients with suspected renal abscesses were reviewed. Ten patients diagnosed with K. pneumoniae-related renal abscesses were ultimately enrolled in the study. Among the isolates from the 10 patients, capsular serotype K2 was predominant (40.0%), followed by K1 (30.0%). The most common sequence type by MLST was 23 (40.0%). In particular, six patients (60.0%) harbored specific genes indicative of hvKp: iucA, peg-344, rmpA, and rmpA2.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of hvKp as a pathogen in renal abscesses. Although the nature of hvKp is relatively unknown, it is widely recognized as a highly virulent pathogen that can infect relatively healthy individuals of various ages and simultaneously cause infections at multiple anatomical sites. Therefore, when treating patients with K. pneumoniae-related renal abscesses, caution is necessary when considering the characteristics of hvKp, such as potential bacteremia, multi-organ abscess formation, and metastatic spread.
Malignant atrophic papulosis treated with eculizumab and hirudin: a fatal case report and literature review
Authors: Yu Linna , Wang Yun , Tang Xiaodan , Zhao Xueru , Song Zhengji 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMalignant atrophic papulosis (MAP) is a rare obliterative vasculopathy whose etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown, and the treatment is still empirical. It can involve multiple systems, especially the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, and has a poor prognosis.Case presentationA 20-year-old Chinese male appeared to have Widespread atrophic papules and plaques, intermittent abdominal pain, recurrent bowel perforation, and psoas abscess. The clinical diagnosis of MAP was supported by skin biopsy. He was then treated with anticoagulants, antiplatelets, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressants and started on eculizumab and hirudin after the first surgical interventions. Despite the aggressive immunosuppression, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, humanized monoclonal antibodies, and surgery therapy, he died five months after presentation.ConclusionsMAP is an extremely rare obliterative vasculopathy manifesting as benign cutaneous involvement or potentially malignant systemic involvement. MAP patients who exhibit any abdominal symptoms should undergo laparoscopy and evaluation in time and start on eculizumab and treprostinil as soon as possible, as the combination of them is presently the most effective treatment option for gastrointestinal MAP and hopefully reduce mortality.
Yoga in schools that contributes to a positive classroom atmosphere for young children and educators: a PRISMA scoping review
Authors: Martin Beverley , Peck Blake , Terry Daniel 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThis scoping review aims to examines yoga taught to children in a variety of different educational settings including after-school and in-school activity. Yoga has been found to support children in regard to wellbeing in a number of ways.MethodsA scoping review using a systematic approach was undertaken using EBSCO, CINAHL, Medline and Psycinfo. Google Scholar was used to search for grey literature and journal reference lists reviewed.ResultsFourteen studies were identified within the review that describe how children are able to understand and regulate their bodies through movement. As such four main themes were identified and included: (1) yoga and psychological wellbeing in school children; (2) yoga and self-regulation in pre-school children (3) yoga and cognitive function in school children; and (4) yoga and contemplative practices.ConclusionChildren who participate in yoga during and after school were framing their world using their own creativity and fantasy in an attempt to understand and navigate it. The physical and psychological difficulty of some of the yoga shapes assisted children to develop a persistent mindset which enabled them to use in other unrelated contexts, such as difficulties at school.
Associations between pan-immune-inflammation value and abdominal aortic calcification: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jin Chen , Li Xunjia , Luo Yuxiao , Zhang Cheng , Zuo Deyu 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAbdominal aortic calcification (AAC) pathogenesis is intricately linked with inflammation. The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) emerges as a potential biomarker, offering reflection into systemic inflammatory states and assisting in the prognosis of diverse diseases. This research aimed to explore the association between PIV and AAC.MethodsEmploying data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this cross-sectional analysis harnessed weighted multivariable regression models to ascertain the relationship between PIV and AAC. Trend tests probed the evolving relationship among PIV quartiles and AAC. The study also incorporated subgroup analysis and interaction tests to determine associations within specific subpopulations. Additionally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression were used for characteristics selection to construct prediction model. Nomograms were used for visualization. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were applied for evaluate the predictive performance.ResultsFrom the cohort of 3,047 participants, a distinct positive correlation was observed between PIV and AAC. Subsequent to full adjustments, a 100-unit increment in PIV linked to an elevation of 0.055 points in the AAC score (β=0.055, 95% CI: 0.014-0.095). Categorizing PIV into quartiles revealed an ascending trend: as PIV quartiles increased, AAC scores surged (β values in Quartile 2, Quartile 3, and Quartile 4: 0.122, 0.437, and 0.658 respectively; P for trend &lt;0.001). Concurrently, a marked rise in SAAC prevalence was noted (OR values for Quartile 2, Quartile 3, and Quartile 4: 1.635, 1.842, and 2.572 respectively; P for trend &lt;0.01). Individuals aged 60 or above and those with a history of diabetes exhibited a heightened association. After characteristic selection, models for predicting AAC and SAAC were constructed respectively. The AUC of AAC model was 0.74 (95%CI=0.71-0.77) and the AUC of SAAC model was 0.84 (95%CI=0.80-0.87). According to the results of calibration plots and DCA, two models showed high accuracy and clinical benefit.ConclusionThe research findings illuminate the potential correlation between elevated PIV and AAC presence. Our models indicate the potential utility of PIV combined with other simple predictors in the assessment and management of individuals with AAC.