bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new 5‐arylazo‐3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐acetylchloridethiopyridine reactive disperse dyes and their applications in textile printing
Authors: Helal M.H. , Elgemeie G.H. , El‐kashouti M.A. , ElMolla M.M. , Elsayad H.S. , Ahmed K.A. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesise some disperse dyes containing a reactive group and study their applications on polyamide and wool printing by heat transfer and screen printing.Design/methodology/approachTo prepare these dyes, arylhydrazones of acetylacetone were reacted with cyanothioacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide. The resultant salt was collected by filtration and dried, then the salt was dissolved in ethanol and reacted with chloroacetylchloride with stirring for 3 h, where chloroacetylechloride was added dropwise. The final precipitated product was collected by filtration and crystallised with an appropriate solvent. These prepared dyes were used to print polyamide and wool fabrics by using synthetic thickener in the printing paste for all techniques.FindingsThe structure of the synthesised dyes were established and confirmed for the reaction products on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H‐NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on nylon 6 and wool fabrics was investigated. The prints obtained from dyes possess high‐colour strength as well as excellent overall fastness properties.Research limitations/implicationsThe synthesised heterocyclic reactive disperse azo dyes were prepared from the reaction of arylhydrazones of acetylacetone and thiocyanoacetamide to form the corresponding pyridinethione salts which underwent further reaction with chloroacetylchloride. The obtained dyes were utilised in preparing a paste for polyamide and wool fabric printing. In addition, both of the variation of the substituents on the synthesised dyes and the fastness properties were also studied.Practical implicationsThe synthesis and use of reactive disperse dyes provide practical solution to over come the low fastness on polyamide and wool, when they are printed with disperse dyes only.Originality/valueThe result of the work aimed to define the scope and limitation of the authors' procedures for the synthesis of novel reactive disperse azo dyes to improve the low‐fastness properties of polyamide and wool, the dyes were synthesised in a simple way.
Potential anti‐fouling agents: metal complexes of 3‐(2‐furylidene)hydrazino‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine
Authors: Hemaida H.A.E. , El‐Dissouky Ali A. , Sadek S.M.M. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a number of new anti‐fouling agents that are friendlier to the environment.Design/methodology/approachSeven copper(II) and cobalt complexes of 3‐(2‐furylidene) hydrazine‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine (L) were prepared by interacting 3‐(2‐furylidene) hydrazino‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine (L) with cobalt(II) and copper salts. The structures of the prepared complexes were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR and nujol mull electronic spectra, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements. The anti‐fouling activity was measured on barnacle larvae.FindingsThe in vitro toxicity of the organic ligand and its cobalt and copper complexes on barnacle larvae was measured. The results indicated that the toxicity of the ligand increased upon complexation and that copper complexes are the most active ones.Originality/valueSuccessful development of some new copper(II) and cobalt complexes of 1,2,4‐triazine that have in vitro anti‐fouling activity against barnacle larvae and might be safe to the marine environment.
The African American consumer revisited: brand loyalty, word‐of‐mouth and the effects of the black experience
Authors: Steven Podoshen Jeffrey 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe intent of this article is to explore whether there is a difference between African Americans and non African‐Americans in the use of word‐of‐mouth and brand loyalty in response to the purchase of durable goods (automobiles). Additionally, this article looks to explore preference for “black‐owned” goods and services and feelings about purchasing goods from firms that once had ties to slavery.Design/methodology/approachThis article utilizes survey data obtained from over 800 respondents with analysis performed using regression analysis.FindingsThis study shows no significant difference in brand loyalty and word‐of‐mouth between African Americans and non African‐Americans and no significant preference for black owned goods and services. Additionally it was found that while a majority of African American consumers believe that most American firms have ties to slavery, this does not act as a factor in the purchase decision.Practical implicationsThis article can help firms plan their marketing strategy in terms of how they will utilize word of mouth where African American consumers comprise a significant part of their target market. Additionally, this research can help firms to understand the context of brand loyalty in terms of looking at different ethnic groups within the USA.Originality/valueThe majority of literature regarding African American consumption patterns is extremely outdated, with most written over 20 years ago. The socio‐economic status of many African Americans has improved considerably, thereby making a fresh look at this group a necessity. This article redresses this deficit
“Tell her she's wrong!” Triangulation as a spousal influence strategy
Authors: Bokek‐Cohen Ya'arit 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to focus on a spousal influence strategy that has not been investigated previously by consumer researchers: triangulation. Triangulation is the process by which a third‐party is enlisted to intervene and convince the other spouse; this person can be a friend, a relative, or one or more of the couple's children.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was completed by 192 couples who were asked to evaluate their own and their mates' influence strategies in four different purchase decisions.FindingsIt was found that, in general, men tend to triangulate more frequently than women. Men triangulate most frequently during a vacation decision. Less frequently, triangulation was found regarding a new residence place, followed by Saloon furnishing and TV set. Women tend to triangulate most frequently in a new residence place, followed by a vacation. Regarding all of the third persons which comprised this strategy, with the exception of “ask our child/children”, men reported a significantly greater tendency to ask a third person to influence. Conversely, women reported a significantly greater tendency to ask the child/children to influence their husbands. The longer the marital relationship, the less the use of triangulation strategy among men.Practical implicationsAdvertising messages for products that are purchased by a joint decision can encourage or discourage triangulation. If there is a reason to expect that triangulated persons would have a positive attitude toward the product, the message would be more effective if it encourages triangulation, and vice versa.Originality/valueFindings documented in the paper shed light on the triangulation strategy, a hitherto unexplored aspect in consumer behavior literature. Consumer researchers should take into account the influence of close friends and relatives that might play a role in couple purchase decision processes.
Raising the bar: from corporate social responsibility to corporate social performance
Authors: Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn , Ball Kim , Gillespie Meghan 
Published: August 2008

PurposeConsensus is emerging that companies should be socially responsible although the nature and degree of responsibility continues to be the source of debate. This continued debate allows the buck to be passed. The paper aims to propose a shift in view from corporate social responsibility to corporate social performance (CSP) as a means to assess CSR policies and practices. A harmful product category was chosen to illustrate how corporate social performance using a consumer's point‐of‐view can be assessed.Design/methodology/approachLiterature concerned with alcohol knowledge was used to design a survey to consider whether consumers were adequately informed about alcohol. A convenience sample was used to survey Australian adults. A total of 217 surveys were analysed.FindingsAustralian alcohol marketers are currently considered socially responsible promoting an “enjoy responsibly message” amongst many other policies and programs. A shift in view from corporate social responsibility to corporate social performance (CSP) would change the outcome. Consumers are not fully aware of safe consumption levels of alcohol and these data are consistent with US and UK studies. A shift in view would suggest that companies need to revise their policies and practices.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was based on a small convenience sample that varied slightly from the Australian population. Future studies, on a larger scale, are required to ensure representativeness, while replication in other countries is encouraged.Practical implicationsTo meet their social obligations, marketers must ensure consumers are armed with sufficient knowledge to make informed decisions. Consumers need to be able to distinguish between safe and risky alcohol consumption levels and they need to know the number of standard drinks/units in alcoholic beverages.Originality/valueThe paper shows that there is considerable room for improvement from key players in the Australian
Decision '08: event marketing or product sampling?
Authors: Johnson Cindy 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine commonly relied upon product sampling strategies, direct‐to‐consumer sampling and event sampling, to determine which method can deliver the greatest return on investment in a variety of situations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores information and data collected via case studies in actual programs presented to brands. The trial, sample, and purchase numbers were actual averages from sampling effectiveness studies for these types of programs.FindingsThe paper identifies and segments different types of products and the method by which the products are most effectively implemented into trial and sampling programs. ICOM reveals hard statistics on the return on investment of programs utilizing multiple methods of sampling including point‐of‐use, direct mail and event sampling.Practical implicationsMarketers should follow the STEPS outlined in this study to apply the best brand sampling strategy for a given product. Knowledge of targeted consumer base along with careful pre‐event analysis will deliver the best return on investment for a trial campaign.Originality/valueThe paper reveals reasons for a growing shift in corporate budgeted marketing dollars from event marketing to direct consumer product sampling. While event sampling is not always an ineffective or inferior marketing method,the reader can discover methods for a pre‐event return on investment analysis that will reveal the sampling strategy sure to deliver the most “bang” for the marketing “buck”.
Age cohort analysis in adoption of mobile data services: gen Xers versus baby boomers
Authors: Yang Kiseol , Jolly Laura D. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis study aims to examine the differences in adoption of mobile data services between two age cohorts (gen Xers and baby boomers). Three elements in the extended Technology Acceptance Model – perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived fun – were used to identify the differences in adoption of mobile data services for the two age cohorts.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 200 mobile services users drawn from a purchased consumer panel participated in an online survey. Of this sample, 67 gen Xers and 86 baby boomers were used for the analysis (n=153). Multigroup structural equation modeling analysis was used to examine the differences in adoption of mobile data services between the two age cohorts.FindingsThis study found that baby boomers perceived mobile data services as more difficult to use than gen Xers. However, the perception of usefulness of mobile data services was stronger for the baby boomers than gen Xers. Usefulness of mobile data services may be a critical motivator for baby boomers to adopt mobile data services. Mobile data service marketers should focus on mobile data service usefulness when they are targeting the baby boomer cohort.Originality/valueThe results of this study provide insights to assist marketers in developing and positioning appropriate mobile data services to targeted age cohorts during the adoption stage.
Pro‐environmental products: marketing influence on consumer purchase decision
Authors: Pickett‐Baker Josephine , Ozaki Ritsuko 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to investigate if marketing and branding techniques can help establish green brands and introduce greener patterns of consumption into contemporary lifestyles in the current context where environmentally friendly products are increasingly available.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews consumer behaviour and advertising to identify how consumers are persuaded to opt for greener products. It reports the results of a consumer product survey using a questionnaire based on the Dunlap and van Liere HEP‐NEP environmental survey and the Roper Starch Worldwide environmental behaviour survey. The respondents were 52 mothers who shop at supermarkets.FindingsThe results show a correlation between consumer confidence in the performance of green products and their pro‐environmental beliefs in general. The findings suggest that most consumers cannot easily identify greener products (apart from cleaning products) although they would favour products manufactured by greener companies, and they do not find the current product marketing particularly relevant or engaging.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that the market for greener products could be exploited more within consumer groups that have pro‐environmental values.Originality/valueThis paper identifies that consumers are not exposed enough to green product marketing communication and suggests the greater use of marketing and brands to promote and sell products that are environmentally friendly and function effectively.
Understanding older shoppers: a phenomenological investigation
Authors: Myers Hayley , Lumbers Margaret 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis research aims to explore the shopping behaviour and needs and wants of the over 55s market. Retail spaces have been most concerned with targeting the young, but the growing importance of the older segment now dictates that retail environments must increasingly communicate with older shoppers.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with senior executives from the retail property industry. Focus groups were conducted with older shoppers to explore their perceived needs and wants.FindingsKey findings include the need to use “perceived age” rather than chronological age in determining marketing strategies. The importance of shopping as a means of socialisation and a leisure pursuit was emphasised by older consumers and that they see themselves as experienced, astute shoppers who seek quality and service.Research limitations/implicationsThe heterogeneity of the mature market was highlighted; outlook and lifestyles of older consumers are likely to continue to change with successive generations. This indicates the need for continued research in this field to fully understand the needs and wants of a diverse and important market segment.Practical implicationsFindings are evaluated in the context of previous research to draw out implications and potential actions points for the retail and shopping place industry, specifically to create aspirational shopping spaces for older shoppers and use targeted brand management to communicate effectively.Originality/valueThe paper provides insights into the needs and wants of older shoppers and highlights that while this group values the shopping environment for social and leisure usage, retailers and shopping places needs to better understand and tailor their offer to benefit from the growing importance of the older shopper.
Customer satisfaction and loyalty: start with the product, culminate with the brand
Authors: Torres‐Moraga Eduardo , Vásquez‐Parraga Arturo Z. , Zamora‐González Jorge 
Published: August 2008

PurposeStudies on customer satisfaction and loyalty have focused on brand rather than product. It is not that brand is not important, but the process of loving a brand starts with a product. Customers appreciate products by themselves, independent of the brand, as shown in their pursuit of satisfaction and development of loyalty. Such appreciation seems to be prominent regarding innovative products when compared to traditional products. This paper aims to investigate this issue and provide a product‐brand typology.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of empirical research on a partial application of the typology.FindingsResults show that the relationship satisfaction‐loyalty is significantly present when evaluating products alone albeit a weaker presence than when evaluating brand alone. Such unequal presence is corroborated in both traditional (bottled wine) and innovative (electronic) products even though it is much stronger in innovative products. The relationship satisfaction‐loyalty is also present when evaluating product and brand combined, indicating that there is an intermediate position between product and brand. In contrast, the literature treats brand and product‐brand as being in the same category thereby diminishing the importance of a useful difference between brand and product‐brand.Practical implicationsThere are practical consequences of applying the typology and examining the findings. The relationship satisfaction‐loyalty starts with the product, includes the product‐brand, and culminates with the brand. This process is significantly more important regarding innovative products, such as electronics, as compared to traditional products such as wine.Originality/valueThis study introduces a typology underscoring the pursuit of satisfaction and development of loyalty in three conditions of product presence versus brand presence, that is, product alone, brand alone, and product and brand combined.
Telecom's search for the ultimate customer loyalty platform
Authors: Ferguson Rick , Brohaugh Bill 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an up‐to‐date examination of the telecommunications industry and attempt to discover how some of the major players are engaging their customers while trying to constantly diversify their service offerings.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines, case by case, three major telecommunications companies and identifies current and future offerings as they pertain to service initiatives and customer loyalty and retention. The paper also offers a broader overview of the telecommunications industry as a whole and identifies some major trends in the current landscape.FindingsThe paper finds that companies with sound customer strategies can use this as a differentiator in an increasingly muddled market. In an increasingly competitive market, customer loyalty efforts can play a major part in the attraction of new customers and the retention of current ones. Companies must transition to offer a suite of services as “bundling” strategies proliferate and further ignite pricing wars.Practical implicationsMarketers dealing in the telecommunications arena are entrenched in an exciting era of industry growth. As consumers' choices expand, the importance of a sound customer relationship strategy becomes more and more important for the success of the company.Originality/valueThe paper provides exclusive interviews with representatives from some of the largest telecommunications firms in the industry today. It contains expert analysis and breakdown on loyalty marketing strategies that can complement telecommunications service offerings.
Creating a Web‐Based Tutorial
Authors: Walsh John 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the process of creating a web‐based tutorial with interactive leaning components.Design/methodology/approachThe paper details a step by step outline from assessing the need for instruction through the development, design and posting of an instructional tutorial on the internet.FindingsThe purpose of the tutorial was to help community college nursing students find appropriate resources to support a research paper. Completing the project revealed two valuable lessons to keep in mind when constructing any instructional tool. There must be a true need for the instruction and the instruction must have a simple and basic design.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into creating a web‐based tutorial.
Development of a Library 2.0 Service Model for an African Library
Authors: Pienaar Heila , Smith Ina 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a Library 2.0 service model for an African library.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on the academic library at the University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa.FindingsThe UP is well on its way to becoming a Library 2/0 library.Originality/valueThis case study may pave the way for other academic libraries to integrate Library 2.0 within their service offering to the benefit of all.
Third‐space scholars: bridging the marketing academy and emerging markets
Authors: DeBerry‐Spence Benét 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to begin a meaningful dialogue on the concept of third space, or “in‐between space”, within the marketing discipline. In the context of scholarly research, third space exists between the academy and places of research, and applies to research agendas involving businesses and consumers in emerging and/or subsistence markets, where study findings often carry significant implications for both theory development and social action. The paper therefore aims to facilitate discussion of defining third space in the context of marketing and to explore its implications for scholars and the academy as a whole.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing literature from diverse disciplines, the paper explores how occupying a third space may not always be momentary or short‐lived, as it is most often characterized. Instead, marketing scholars with enduring obligations both to the social action of their work in emerging markets and to the theoretical contributions of their work may enact a third space in ways that make it less transitory.FindingsThe paper introduces three areas (i.e. researcher identity, researcher context, research methods) and the corresponding themes of rediscovering the researcher, living in the global world, and (re)searching epistemologies, ontologies, and methodologies to begin an examination of third‐space marketing scholars.Originality/valueThe issues raised in the paper both respond and contribute to calls for a broader study of culture and business in transformative ways. Moreover, they provide a good starting‐point for further discussion and research on third space by highlighting that the very things one studies indeed affect current ways of theorizing and by reinforcing the need to understand the role of scholars in giving voice to the people and businesses they research.