bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Value Added Tax to Federally Collected Revenue in Nigeria: A trend Analysis 1994-2022
Authors: Mohammed Sani Damamisau , Suleiman Nura Alhaji , Olamide Balikis Sallau , Olamide Kawthar Moshuud , Yusuf Mustapha Olaoluwa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Nigeria is a country experiencing fast growing population which was 44,928,342 million in 1960 when the country got independence increasing to 218,541,212 million in 2022. Moving along this fast growing population is infrastructural decay and deficits needing huge capital investment which the country may not afford due to volatility of revenue from oil and gas as main source of revenue. Consequently, the country introduced Value Added Tax (VAT) in its tax structure in 1994 to raise more needed revenue for national development. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of VAT to total government revenue 1994–2022. To achieve this aim quantitative secondary data on VAT allocations to federal, states and local governments and total government revenue is collected from the annual publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The collected data is descriptively analysed using tables, figures, charts and percentages to demonstrate the contributions of VAT to total government revenue 1994–2022. Similarly, test of Analysis of Variance was carried out on collected data to statistically determine contribution of VAT. Triangulation of optimal taxation and Laffer curve theories guided the conduct of the study. Results from the study revealed that VAT is making significant contributions to total government revenue over the period of the study. The policy implication is that VAT has actually proven effective in making more revenue available to Nigerian government. Thus, this tax should be strengthened to standard of global best practices including increasing the rate to generate more revenue to the government for national development.
Recovery from Proteinuria May Attenuate the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Younkyung , Kang Min Kyoung , Oh Chung Geun , Park Moo-Seok , Song Tae-Jin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: While proteinuria is recognized as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), it can exhibit both reversible and persistent courses. Our objective was to examine the relationship between the change in status for proteinuria and the risk of AF in a longitudinal cohort study on the general population nationwide.
Methods: We included participants (n = 1,708,103) who underwent consecutive health examinations. The presence of proteinuria was determined by dipstick urinalysis results. The outcome was the occurrence of AF (International Classification of Diseases-10 code: I48).
Results: All included participants, 1,666,111 (97.5%), 17,659 (1.0%), 19,696 (1.2%), and 4,637 (0.3%), were categorized into groups of proteinuria-free, recovered, developed, and chronic, respectively. The median interval between health screenings was 21.5 months. During a median follow-up of 14.5 years, 41,190 (2.4%) cases of AF occurred. In the multivariable analysis, the risk of AF occurring in the proteinuria-recovered group, (hazard ratio (HR): 1.198, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.109–1.293, ***P < 0.001), proteinuria-developed group (HR: 1.456, 95% CI: 1.362–1.558, ***P < 0.001) and proteinuria-chronic group (HR: 1.656, 95% CI: 1.476–1.858, ***P < 0.001), were higher than in the proteinuria-free group. In a further pairwise comparison, the proteinuria-recovered group had a relatively lower risk of AF compared to the proteinuria-chronic group (HR: 0.751, 95% CI: 0.652–0.865, ***P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Our study showed that the risk of AF can change according to alterations in proteinuria status. Notably, recovering from proteinuria can also be considered a modifiable risk factor for AF.
Excess mortality in low-and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gmanyami Jonathan Mawutor , Quentin Wilm , Lambert Oscar , Jarynowski Andrzej , Belik Vitaly , Amuasi John Humphrey 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a massive death toll, but its effect on mortality remains uncertain in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). This review summarized the available literature on excess mortality in LLMICs, including methods, data sources, and factors that might have influenced excess mortality.
Methods:
The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022378267). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus for studies conducted in LLMICs on excess mortality. These included studies with at least a one-year non-COVID-19 period as the comparator in estimating excess mortality and with publication dates from 2019 to date. The meta-analysis included studies with extractable data on excess mortality, methods, population size, and observed and expected deaths. We used the Mantel-Haenszel method to estimate the pooled risk ratio of excess mortality with 95% confidence intervals.
Results:
The review included studies from 29 countries, of which 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Of 1,405,128,717 individuals, 2,152,474 deaths were expected, and 3,555,880 deaths were reported. The pooled excess mortality was 100.3 deaths per 100,000 population per pandemic period. The excess risk of death was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.649, 1.655 p<0.001). Data sources included civil registration systems, obituary notifications, surveys, public cemeteries, funeral counts, burial site imaging, and demographic surveillance systems. Techniques used to estimate excess mortality were mainly statistical forecast modelling and geospatial analysis. Of the 24 studies, only one found higher excess mortality in urban settings.
Conclusion:
Our results show that excess mortality in LLMICs during the pandemic was substantial. There is uncertainty around excess mortality estimates given comparatively weak data. Further studies are needed to identify the drivers of excess mortality by exploring different methods and data sources.
Oscillating flow around a circular cylindrical post confined between two parallel plates
Authors: Bárcenas-Luque Antonio J. , Moral-Pulido Francisco , Gutiérrez-Montes Cándido , Coenen Wilfried , Martínez-Bazán Carlos 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This work is motivated by the interest in determining the effect of the micro-anatomy of the spinal subarachnoid space on the cerebrospinal fluid flow and on the associated transport of solutes. To that aim, we focus on a canonical model problem in which a circular post of radius 𝑎, confined between two parallel plates separated by a distance 2ℎ of order 𝑎, is subjected to an oscillatory flow. In particular, we are concerned with the steady, viscous, time-averaged flow that persists in the vicinity on the cylinder, when the stroke length of the oscillating flow, 𝑈∞/𝜔 is smaller or comparable to the radius of the post, 𝑎, where 𝑈∞ and 𝜔 are the mean velocity amplitude and the corresponding angular frequency, respectively. First, we analyze the asymptotic limit of small values of the stroke length, for a harmonic waveform, varying the aspect ratio of the post 𝜆 and the Womersley number 𝑀 = (a2𝜔/𝜈 )1/2. Firstorder steady-streaming corrections of the harmonic flow at leading order have been computed, together with associated Stokes-drift component, the sum of both yielding the mean Lagrangian velocity field. The confinement effect is seen to induce the three-dimensionality of flow. Moreover, similarly to the two-dimensional case, in the mid plane the time-averaged steady flow exhibits a recirculating vortex attached to the wall of the post that decreases as 𝑀 increases for low values of 𝑀. However, for values of 𝑀 larger than a critical one, 𝑀𝑐𝑟 (𝜆), that depends on 𝜆, a second, outer vortex is also formed. The dependence 𝑀𝑐𝑟 (𝜆) has been quantified in the range 𝜆 from 0.5 to ∞, where 𝑀𝑐𝑟 increases as 𝜆 decreases. The analysis has been corroborated experimentally for a fixed aspect ratio, 𝜆 = 2, and varying the Womersley number, the stroke length and the wave form of the oscillating flow. The experiments show similar flow patterns when the stoke length is increased from 𝜀 = 𝑈∞/𝜔𝑎 = 0.2 to 0.5, with more intense vortices at larger values of 𝜀. Consideration of an anharmonic oscillating flow shows the fort-and-aft symmetry of the steady flow is broken, with the formation of two vortices of different size when 𝑀 < 𝑀𝑐𝑟 and only one outer vortex in the systolic direction when 𝑀 > 𝑀𝑐𝑟 . Finally, the analysis is experimentally extended to consider an array of equally spaced posts, separated a semi-distance 𝑑 = 2𝑎 aligned with the flow axis of oscillation.
Network pharmacological study on the potential mechanism of Jiawei Du Huo Parasitic Decoction for treating lumbar Intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Buyuan-Tang  , Cahnghuai-Lu  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Jiawei Du Huo Parasitic Decoction (JDPD) is an ancient Chinese herbal medicinal compound used to treat Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (LIDD). However, its specific mechanism has not yet been clarified.
Objective: This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of JDPD in the treatment of LIDD using the network pharmacology method.
Methods: In this study: a network pharmacology approach was used to determine the underlying mechanism of JDPD in treating LIDD. Firstly, the effective active components and potential targets of JDPD were screened from TCMSP, TCMID, DrugBank, and Therapeutic Target Database. Then, the potential targets of LIDD were obtained from the GeneCards, DisGeNET, DrugBank, and OMIM databases. Based on the matching results of the JDPD potential targets and the LIDD targets, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to analyze the interactions among these targets and screen the hub gene targets via topology. In addition, the DAVID database was used for the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The active ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed and molecular docking was verified. Finally, the key targets were verified by RT-qPCR.
Results: This study screened 205 effective components of LIDD and 39 common targets of JDPD and LIDD. In total, ten key targets were obtained by constructing PPI networks and performing parameter calculations. We further confirmed that five screened gene targets were closely associated with LIDD by RT-qPCR. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested these key targets are primarily involved in complex therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we performed virtual docking of the targets and active components to verify they can bind stably.
Conclusions: This study used network pharmacology approaches to reveal that JDPD may be used to treat LIDD mainly by regulating inflammatory factor expression, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix degradation, providing new insights for further research.
Yanya Mebusu ve Şura-yı Devlet Azası Ali Naki Paşa (1844-1904)
Authors: Olgun Said 
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın konusunu Yanya Mebusu Ali Naki Paşa oluşturmaktadır. Tanzimat Fermanının ilanından kısa bir süre sonra 1844 yılında Yanya’ya bağlı Libohova’da doğmuştur. Köklü ve zengin bir aile olan Arslan Paşazade ailesine mensuptur. Özel hocalardan temel düzeyde eğitim almıştır. Ali Naki Paşa, ailesinin sahip olduğu nüfuz ve Osmanlı saltanatına sadakati nedeniyle mebusluk ve Şura-yı Devlet üyeliği gibi çeşitli ve önemli vazifelerde bulunmuştur. Üstlenmiş olduğu görevlerde göstermiş olduğu başarılar hem hükümet hem de Padişah tarafından takdirle karşılanmıştır. Bilhassa II. Abdülhamid döneminde hızlı bir gelişim gösteren Arnavut ulusçuluğuna mesafeli durmaya özen göstermiştir buna rağmen şüpheci gözlerden korunması mümkün olmamıştır. İyi eğitim almalarını sağladığı çocukları Osmanlı devlet hizmetinde önemli görevler üstlendikleri gibi 1912 yılında kurulan Arnavutluk devletinde de önemli vazifelerde bulunmuşlardır.
Çalışmada bilhassa Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinden istifade edilerek Ali Naki Paşa’nın kronolojik bir hayat hikayesi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çeşitli başlıklar altında ailesi, ilk gençlik yıllarında yer aldığı görevler, mebusluğu, mutasarrıflığı, Şura-yı Devlet Azalığı ve çocukları hakkında bilgiler aktarılmıştır.
Application of Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhao Shihua , Liang Ping , Xia Ziwen , Peng Hongyan 
Published: April 2024

:
Silicon Nanowires (SiNWs), a novel category of nanomaterials, exhibit several outstanding
properties, including superior transistor performance, quantum tunneling effects, and
remarkable electrical and optical capabilities. These properties are expected to contribute significantly
to the development of future nanodevices, such as sensors and optoelectronic components.
The potential for device miniaturization with SiNWs is based on their ease of monocrystallization.
This leads to a reduced rate of hole-electron complexes and their extensive specific
surface area that promotes boundary effects, thereby diminishing conductivity. Characterized by
unique structural attributes, SiNWs hold promise for a wide range of applications in various
sectors. To date, multiple methods have been established for SiNW fabrication, including solgel,
electrochemical, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, and thermal vapor deposition
techniques. Subsequently, the focus has shifted to the application of SiNWs in electronics, energy,
and biomedicine. SiNWs are instrumental in producing high-performance electronic devices,
such as field-effect transistors, sensors, and memory units. They also exhibit outstanding photovoltaic
properties, making them suitable for high-efficiency solar cell and photocatalyst production.
Additionally, SiNWs are poised to make significant contributions to biomedicine, particularly
in biosensors, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering materials. This article provides
a concise review of the current status of SiNWs in electronics, sensing devices, and solar cell
applications, and their roles in high-performance transistors, biosensors, and solar cells. It concludes
with an exploration of the challenges and prospects for SiNWs.

:
In summary, the unique attributes of SiNWs establish them as a versatile nanomaterial with
broad applicability. This review offers a comprehensive overview of SiNW research and theoretical
insights that may guide similar studies. The insights into recent SiNW research presented
here are intended to inform future applications and investigations involving these nanomaterials.
EFEKTIVITAS LKPD DIGITAL BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 1 PANGKALPINANG
Authors: Shafira Istu Hanan 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas LKPD digital berbasis Problem Based Learning terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Pangkalpinang. Jenis penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI MIPA di SMA Negeri 1 Pangkalpinang. Sampel penelitian yang diambil sebanyak dua kelas yaitu kelas XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI MIPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pemilihan sampel tersebut menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data keterampilan berpikir kritis dikumpulkan menggunakan tes berbentuk uraian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Independent Sample T-test dan uji Effect Sizes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan LKPD digital berbasis Problem Based Learning memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik didasarkan pada hasil Independent T-test nilai Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,021 0,05. LKPD digital berbasis Problem Based Learning cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dengan nilai cohen’s d sebesar 0,6 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan persentase sebesar 73%. Hal ini bermakna bahwa peseta didik cukup maksimal mencapai target keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan menggunakan LKPD digital berbasis Problem Based Learning dalam pembelajarannya.
Identifying X (Formerly Twitter) Posts Relevant to Dementia and COVID-19: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Azizi Mehrnoosh , Jamali Ali Akbar , Spiteri Raymond J 
Published: April 2024

Background
During the pandemic, patients with dementia were identified as a vulnerable population. X (formerly Twitter) became an important source of information for people seeking updates on COVID-19, and, therefore, identifying posts (formerly tweets) relevant to dementia can be an important support for patients with dementia and their caregivers. However, mining and coding relevant posts can be daunting due to the sheer volume and high percentage of irrelevant posts.

Objective
The objective of this study was to automate the identification of posts relevant to dementia and COVID-19 using natural language processing and machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods
We used a combination of natural language processing and ML algorithms with manually annotated posts to identify posts relevant to dementia and COVID-19. We used 3 data sets containing more than 100,000 posts and assessed the capability of various algorithms in correctly identifying relevant posts.

Results
Our results showed that (pretrained) transfer learning algorithms outperformed traditional ML algorithms in identifying posts relevant to dementia and COVID-19. Among the algorithms tested, the transfer learning algorithm A Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (ALBERT) achieved an accuracy of 82.92% and an area under the curve of 83.53%. ALBERT substantially outperformed the other algorithms tested, further emphasizing the superior performance of transfer learning algorithms in the classification of posts.

Conclusions
Transfer learning algorithms such as ALBERT are highly effective in identifying topic-specific posts, even when trained with limited or adjacent data, highlighting their superiority over other ML algorithms and applicability to other studies involving analysis of social media posts. Such an automated approach reduces the workload of manual coding of posts and facilitates their analysis for researchers and policy makers to support patients with dementia and their caregivers and other vulnerable populations.
A Self-Guided Web-Based App (MyDiaMate) for Enhancing Mental Health in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Insights From a Real-World Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Embaye Jiska , de Wit Maartje , Snoek Frank 
Published: April 2024

Background
MyDiaMate is a web-based intervention specifically designed for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) that aims to help them improve and maintain their mental health. Prior pilot-testing of MyDiaMate verified its acceptability, feasibility, and usability.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the real-world uptake and usage of MyDiaMate in the Netherlands.

Methods
Between March 2021 and December 2022, MyDiaMate was made freely available to Dutch adults with T1D. Usage (participation and completion rates of the modules) was tracked using log data. Users could volunteer to participate in the user profile study, which required filling out a set of baseline questionnaires. The usage of study participants was examined separately for participants scoring above and below the cutoffs of the “Problem Areas in Diabetes” (PAID-11) questionnaire (diabetes distress), the “World Health Organization Well-being Index” (WHO-5) questionnaire (emotional well-being), and the fatigue severity subscale of the “Checklist Individual Strength” (CIS) questionnaire (fatigue). Two months after creating an account, study participants received an evaluation questionnaire to provide us with feedback.

Results
In total, 1008 adults created a MyDiaMate account, of whom 343 (34%) participated in the user profile study. The mean age was 43 (SD 14.9; 18-76) years. Most participants were female (n=217, 63.3%) and higher educated (n=198, 57.6%). The majority had been living with T1D for over 5 years (n=241, 73.5%). Of the study participants, 59.1% (n=199) of them reported low emotional well-being (WHO-5 score≤50), 70.9% (n=239) of them reported elevated diabetes distress (PAID-11 score≥18), and 52.4% (n=178) of them reported severe fatigue (CIS score≥35). Participation rates varied between 9.5% (n=19) for social environment to 100% (n=726) for diabetes in balance, which opened by default. Completion rates ranged from 4.3% (n=1) for energy, an extensive cognitive behavioral therapy module, to 68.6% (n=24) for the shorter module on hypos. There were no differences in terms of participation and completion rates of the modules between study participants with a more severe profile, that is, lower emotional well-being, greater diabetes distress, or more fatigue symptoms, and those with a less severe profile. Further, no technical problems were reported, and various suggestions were made by study participants to improve the application, suggesting a need for more personalization.

Conclusions
Data from this naturalistic study demonstrated the potential of MyDiaMate as a self-help tool for adults with T1D, supplementary to ongoing diabetes care, to improve healthy coping with diabetes and mental health. Future research is needed to explore engagement strategies and test the efficacy of MyDiaMate in a randomized controlled trial.
AN OVERVIEW ON ORAL THIN FILMS–METHODOLOGY, CHARACTERIZATION AND CURRENT APPROACH
Authors: BADEKAR RUCHITA , BODKE VISHAL , TEKADE BHARAT W. , PHALAK SWAPNIL D. 
Published: April 2024

The pharmaceutical sector is looking for new ways to deliver drugs, and one such way is through thin films. It has been said that thin films offer an alternative to traditional dosage forms. They offer rapid, local, or systemic effects and are a very flexible platform. Furthermore, patients with dysphagia, elderly, paediatrics, or bedridden patients, as well as those who have difficulty accessing water, can easily utilize these systems on their own. There are several ways to administer these drug delivery systems, including transdermally, ocularly, buccally, sublingually, and orally.
One of the most creative and patient-focused novel drug delivery systems is Orodispersible Thin Films (OTF). Numerous pharmaceutical companies and academic experts worldwide are currently investigating the potential of these films for delivering drugs derived from both synthetic and natural sources. The beauty of this special drug delivery method is that, as we can see from the subjects' consumption of conventional dosage forms (tablets, capsules), they don't require water to be consumed. Furthermore, these delivery methods do a great job of encouraging patient compliance in general, especially in the case of both older and pediatric patients.
This review shows a detailed review of oral thin film its applications and method of preparation; mainly focus of this research is thin film introduction to researchers and last 10 y of research on thin film with drugs and polymers used in research.