bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Cyclization of 2‐Acyl‐1‐azido‐3‐phenalenones to Phenaleno[1,2‐c]isoxazol‐7‐ones
Authors: Stadlbauer Wolfgang , Fischer Michaela 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1‐Azido‐3‐phenalenones 5 with acyl substituents in position 2, obtained by acylation and azidation of 1‐hydroxy‐3‐phenalenones 1, cyclized by thermolysis to give phenaleno[1,2‐c]isoxazol‐7‐ones 9. The thermolysis conditions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry.
On corrole chemistry. An isomerization study and oxidative cleavage of the corrole macroring to a biliverdin structure
Authors: Tardieux Catherine , Gros Claude P. , Guilard Roger 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the present paper, we report the synthesis of free 5‐ and 10‐monophenylcorroles, 4 and 3 respectively as well as the first example of molecular oxygen oxidation of the corrole macrocycle identified as an open chain tetrapyrrole (biliverdin) structure 7. Reaction of 1 and 2 in acetic acid leads to a mixture of two a,c‐biladienes 3b and 4b and therefore to a mixture of two corrole isomers 3 and 4. Reaction of 1 and 2 in trifluoroacetic acid leads only to the symmetrical corrole isomer 3 in 41% yield.
Structural characterization of components of a mixture‐characterization of a facile oxidation product of cryptolepinone in situ
Authors: Hadden Chad E. , Duholke Wayne K. , Guido Jane E. , Robins Russell H. , Martin Gary E. , Sharaf Maged H. M. , Schiff Paul L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe nmr analysis of a mixture of cryptolepinone and it's 5(N)‐oxide in a 1.5:1 ratio is discussed. The differentiation of the resonances of the two similar compounds, and elucidation of the unknown 5(N)‐oxide relied primarily on IDR‐GHSQC‐TOCSY data in conjunction with ROESY, GHSQC, and GHMBC experiments.
Aminopyrazoles and their conjugated acids. An X‐ray study of 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐aminopyrazole and the Picrate of 3(5)‐aminopyrazole
Authors: Infantes Lourdes , Foces‐Foces Concepción , Claramunt Rosa María , López Concepción , Eiguero José 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe crystal structure determination of 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐aminopyrazole (3) and of 3(5)‐aminopyrazolium picrate salt (5a) have been undertaken. The packing in 3 is characterized by the formation of sheets in which the N‐H of the pyrazole and one H atom of the amino group are involved. The remaining HB donor interconnects sheets. In 5a, the anions and the cations are linked by a two‐dimensional network of hydrogen bonds in the ab plane. Each N‐H and C‐H in the cation are involved in hydrogen interactions with the O atoms of the anion. Ab initio molecular orbital methods at the HF and B3LYP levels using a 6–31G** basis set have been carried out to compare the relative stability of the tautomeric forms of the 3(5)‐aminopyrazolium and 4‐aminopyrazolium cations.
Reductive ring cleavage of 1‐alkyl‐4‐benzoylamino‐5‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolidinones with raney‐nickel alloy. Synthesis of N‐benzoyl‐3‐alkylamino‐3‐phenylalanine amides from rel‐(4R,5R)‐4‐benzoylamino‐5‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolidinone
Authors: Zupančič Silvo , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: March 2009

Abstractrel‐(4R,5R)‐4‐Benzoylamino‐5‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolidinone (1) was alkylated at position 1 with carbonyl compounds 2a‐g. The corresponding rel‐(4R,5R)‐4‐benzoylamino‐5‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolidinone‐1‐azomethine imines 3a‐g, were treated with sodium borohydride to give rel‐(4R,5R)‐1‐alkyl‐4‐benzoylamino‐5‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolidinones 4a‐g. Reduction of pyrazolidinones 4a‐g with Raney‐nickel alloy in methanolic potassium hydroxide furnished rel‐(4R,5R)‐N‐benzoyl‐3‐alkylamino‐3‐phenylalanine amides 5a‐f.
Chalcogenopyranones from disodium chalcogenide additions to 1,4‐pentadiyn‐3‐ones. The role of enol ethers as intermediates
Authors: Leonard Kristi , Nelen Marina , Raghu Madhavi , Detty Michael R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEnol ethers 9 are formed as a mixture of E‐ and Z‐isomers from the addition of ethanol to 1,4‐pentadiyn‐3‐ones 2 in sodium ethoxide/ethanol. The enol ethers react with disodium chalcogenides to give the corresponding 2,6‐disubstituted chalcogenopyranones 1 bearing alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl substituents in high yield as the only heterocyclic product of reaction. Diynones 2 react with disodium chalcogenides to give mixtures of products in which the chalcogenopyranones 1 are minor components and the dihydrochalcogenophenes 3 are the major products. The addition of hydrogen sulfide to diynone 2b in ethanol gives a product mixture nearly identical to that observed for the addition of disodium sulfide in sodium ethoxide in ethanol to 2b. Intermediates for the addition of hydrogen chalcogenides and disodium chalcogenides to both 2 and 9 are described, which lead to the heterocyclic products.
EIMS study of new isomeric N‐substituted hydrazones of 2‐(3‐ and 4‐)‐pyridinecarboxaldehydes
Authors: Wyrzykiewicz E. , Prukała D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEI induced mass spectral fragmentations of twelve new hydrazones of 2‐(3‐ and 4‐)‐pyridinecarboxaldehydes and hydrazides of (E)‐stilbenyloxyacetic acid as well as N‐(E)‐stilbenyloxyalkylcarbonyl substituted amino acids were investigated. Fragmentations pathways are proposed on the basis of accurate mass and B/E linked scan spectra measurements. The correlation between the intensities of M+. and the selected fragment ions of these compounds is discussed. The data obtained create the basis for distinguishing isomers.
Synthesis of 3‐(4‐Oxo‐4H‐quinolizinyl‐3) and 3‐(4‐Oxo‐4H‐pyridino[1,2‐a]pyrimidinyl‐3) substituted lactic acid derivatives
Authors: Škof Marko , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA one‐step ‘ring switching’ transformation of (S)‐3‐[(dimethylamino)methylidene]‐5‐(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydrofuran‐2‐one (4) with 2‐pyridineacetic acid derivatives (5–7) and 2‐aminopyridines (8, 9) afforded the corresponding 3‐(4‐oxo‐4H‐quinolizinyl‐3)‐ (15–17) and 3‐(4‐oxo‐4H‐pyridino[1,2‐a]pyrimidinyl‐3)‐2‐hydroxypropanoates (18, 19), respectively.
Transformation of 6‐methylthiopyrimidines. Preparation of new pyrimidine derivatives and fused azolopyrimidines
Authors: Cocco Maria Teresa , Congiu Cenzo , Onnis Valentina 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2,4‐Diamino‐6‐methylthiopyrimidines 1 reacted with sodium methoxyde and benzylamine to give the corresponding 6‐methoxypyrimidine and 6‐benzylaminopyrimidine derivatives 2 and 4 respectively. The reaction of 1 with hydrazine hydrate, in ethanol, gave 6‐hydrazino derivatives 6. However, by treating pyrimidines 1 in boiling hydrazine hydrate 3,6‐diamino‐4‐hydrazino‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine 5 was obtained. The 6‐hydrazinopyrimidines 6 could be converted into the pyrazolo[3,4‐d], triazolo[4,3‐c] and tetrazolo‐[1,5‐c]pyrimidines 7, 8 and 9 by the action of heating, trimethyl orthoformate and nitrous acid, respectively.
A comparison of crystallographic and NMR data for thieno[2,3‐b:4,5‐b′]dipyridine and its monohydroperchlorate salt
Authors: Klemm Leroy H. , Weakley Timothy J. R. , Yoon Myungok , Clegg Robert S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractX‐ray crystallographic studies of thieno[2,3‐b:4,5‐b′]dipyridine (1) and its monohydroperchlorate salt (1a) show that 1 is protonated at N1 in ring A and not at N6 in ring C. In each compound individual rings are planar, but there is a small dihedral angle‐of‐twist between the A and C rings. On going from 1 to 1a the largest changes in bond angles and bond lengths occur in ring A. 1H and l3C nmr spectra of 1 plus the 13C nmr spectrum of 1a are reported.
Synthesis and characterization of some heterocyclic derivatives by cyclization of carbohydrate thiosemicarbazone — part II
Authors: Alho M. A. Martins , D'Accorso N. B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles from 1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐xylo‐1,5‐pentadialdo‐1,4‐furanose thiosemicarbazone are described. The new compounds as well as the intermediate products are physically and spectroscopically characterized. We discuss a possible mechanistic pathway for heterocyclization in this particular substrate, using computational calculation.
Diastereoselective alkylation of acetoacetates of chiral inductors. Synthetic applications
Authors: Gálvez N. , Moreno‐Mañas M. , Sebastián R. M. , Serra N. , Trepat E. , Vallribera A. , Molins E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiastereoselective alkylations of acetoacetates of chiral inductors are reviewed. The formed products are starting materials for the preparation of enantiomerically pure amino acids, 4,4‐disub‐stituted 2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones, and of oxazoles and pyrazoles incorporating the chiral inductors.
Preparation of substituted 1,2‐Dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones from polylithiated 2′‐phenylphenylacetohydrazides and aromatic esters
Authors: Downs Jennifer R. , Pastine Stefan J. , Townsend Jessica D. , Greer Heather A. , Kelley Wayne , Schady Deborah A. , Mcconaughy Teresa Lentz , Metz Clyde R. , Beam Charles F. , Almquist Catharine D. , Pennington William T. , Walsch Rosa D. Bailey 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral 2′‐phenylphenylacetohydrazides were polylithiated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the resulting intermediates were condensed with several aromatic esters to afford C‐acylated intermediates that were not usually isolated, but acid cyclized directly to 1,4,5‐trisubstituted, 1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones.
Synthesis and biological study of 6‐polyhydroxyalkylpteridines
Authors: López M. Dolores , Quijano M. Luisa , Sánchez Adolfo , Nogueras Manuel , Low John N. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract6‐Polyhydroxyalkylpteridines are synthesised by oxidation of the corresponding pyrano[3,2‐g]pteridines, the latter ones having been obtained by condensation between 5,6‐diaminopyrimidines 1a,b and phenylhydra‐zones 2a‐e. The relative configuration at the chiral centers of the pyrano[3,2‐g]pteridines has been determined by nmr study and X‐ray analysis. The anti‐AIDS activity of several of these compounds has been tested.
A synthesis of new pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinolines
Authors: Dudouit Fabienne , Houssin Raymond , Hénichart Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinolines substituted in the 7‐ and 8‐ positions by methoxy groups and in the 3‐ position by an amido group is described. The structures were designed to have a crescent shape, a planar fused cyclic moiety with two ortho methoxy groups and ionisable amino or amidinic group at pH 7.
Synthesis of 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole using vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen
Authors: Schmidt Robert D. , Lee Gregory S. , Pagoria Philip F. , Mitchell Alexander R. , Gilardi Richard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel synthesis of the title compound was achieved by direct animation using Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution (VNS) methodology. Reaction of 1,1,1‐trimethylhydrazinium iodide with 3,5‐dinitropyrazole in DMSO produces 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole as a 1:1 crystal solvate with DMSO. Recrystallization from water yields the monohydrated crystal. Recrystallization of the monohydrate from butyl acetate yields the compound in pure form.
Reaction of 1‐benzoselenopyrylium salts with grignard reagents: Formation of 2,4‐disubstituted selenochromenes and their conversion into the corresponding 1‐benzoselenopyrylium salts
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Yoshida Masahiro , Minamida Hiroshi , Teranishi Masanori 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment of 2‐tert‐butyl‐1‐benzoselenopyrylium salts 1A and 2‐phenyl‐1‐benzoselenopyrylium salts 1B with an alkyl(phenyl)magnesium halide resulted in nucleophilic addition at the C‐4 position to give the corresponding 2,4‐disubstituted 4H‐selenochromenes 2A and 2B in good yields, respectively. The obtained selenochromenes 2 were then easily converted into the 4‐substituted 2‐tert‐butyl‐1‐benzoselenopyrylium salts 6A by treatment with triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate in high yields. The 4‐substituted 2‐phenyl derivatives 6B were also obtained in a similar manner. The reaction of the unsubstituted 1‐benzoselenopy‐rylium salt 1C with an alkylmagnesium halide is also described.
Carbocyclic galanthamine analogs: Incorporating the phenethylamine motif
Authors: Treu Matthias , Hametner Christian , Fröhlich Johannes , Jordis Ulrich , Mereiter Kurt 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn unnatural analog of the anti‐Alzheimer drug galanthamine bearing a phenethylamine moiety has been prepared as a racemic mixture using K3[Fe(CN)6] induced tandem cyclization techniques in the key step to form derivatives of a novel heterocyclic ring system.
New optically active pyrazoles: Syntheses and the structural characterization of menthopyrazole analogues
Authors: Kashima Choji , Miwa Yohei , Shibata Saori , Nakazono Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNew chiral pyrazoles, (4R,7R)‐4‐methyl‐7‐isopropyl‐3‐phenyl‐ (3‐phenyliso menthopyrazole cis‐1), (4R,7S)‐4‐methyl‐7‐isopropyl‐ (1‐menthopyrazole; trans‐2), (4R,7R)‐4‐isopropyl‐7‐methyl‐ (iso carvomen‐thopyrazole, cis‐3) and (4R,7S)‐4‐isopropyl‐7‐methyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐indazole (carvomenthopyra‐zole, trans‐3) were prepared. The diastereomeric pairs of these 1–3 were structurally characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The subtle differences of structures of 1–3 should induce the useful effects for a chiral auxiliary or a chiral catalyst.
Difference in photochemical behavior in 3,6‐ and 2,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐3H‐azepine: The first photochemical bond formation between 2‐ and 6‐position of 3H‐azepine ring
Authors: Satake Kyosuke , Tawada Yuko , Takami Shizuka , Kimura Masaru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDifferent photochemical behavior between 3,6‐ and 2,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐3H‐azepine was observed. The former gave wavelength dependent products 3,5‐di‐t‐butylpyridine on irradiation through Pyrex filter via photolysis and 4,7‐di‐t‐butyl‐2‐azabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta‐2,6‐diene on irradiation through quartz filter via photo‐isomerization. Meanwhile, 2,5‐di‐t‐butyl derivative gave exclusively a labile 2,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐6‐azabicyclo‐[3.2.0]hepta‐2,6‐diene on irradiation through Pyrex filter via hitherto unknown photoisomerization mode of the bond formation between 2‐ and 6‐position of the ring.
Studies on pyrrolidinones. Synthesis of new α‐pyridones derivatives
Authors: Malecki Natacha , Houssin Raymond , Héanichart Jean‐Pierre , Couturier Daniel , Petra Ferdinand , Legentil Laurent , Rigo Benoîct 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDimethyl 7‐methoxycarbonylmethyl‐5‐oxo‐1,2,3,5‐tetrahydro‐indolizine‐3,8‐dicarboxylate was synthesized starting from methyl pyroglutamate. A study was made of the reactions of this highly functionalized pyridone with ethyl iodide, selenium oxide, isoamyl nitrite and formaldehyde. Literature reports that reaction of 4‐(1‐carbomethoxypropyl)‐5‐carbomethoxy‐1,6‐cyclopentano‐2‐pyridone with formaldehyde lead to a 95% yield of a monolactone (26) precursor of camptothecin. Our experiments resulted in 15 % of this monolactone and 40% of a new dilactone (27).
Synthesis and crystal structure characterization of two new antibacterial agents: 5‐[1‐(2,3‐ and 2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethyl]‐2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidines
Authors: Allouchi H. , Fellahi Y. , Héabert C. , Frangin Y. , Courseille C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 5‐[1‐(2,3‐dichlorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethyl]‐2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidine (4a) and 5‐[1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethyl]‐2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidine (4b) is described. These compounds were prepared by chlorination of the corresponding 5‐substituted barbituric acids obtained by treatment of the 5‐ben‐zylidenebarbituric acids with benzylzinc bromide in the preceding step. These new trichloropyrimidines belong to a series of pyrimidine derivatives which show in vitro antibacterial activity against the undesirable human bacterial flora of the axilla and foot. The characterization of these compounds were performed by spectroscopy and X‐ray structure determination. Compounds 4a and 4b crystallize in the monoclinic system. In the crystal of 4a there are two conformers A and B both of which are the same type of conformation, and are different from that found in the structure of 4b. The crystal cohesion results from numerous very week Van der Waals interactions.
2‐(4‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazole derivatives. Part I. X‐Ray structural analysis
Authors: Gervasio Giuliana , Marabello Domenica , Barolo Claudia , Quagliotto Pierluigi , Viscardi Guido 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe X‐ray analyses of some neutral and cationic derivatives of 2‐(4‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimida‐zole are reported and the structural data tentatively correlated to relative UV‐visible properties. A rotation of the γ‐picoline ring with respect to the benzimidazole moiety may be responsible of the spectral behavior.
Preparative route to 2‐ethoxycarbonylimidazole‐4‐phosphonate and diethylimidazole‐2,4‐dicarboxylate
Authors: Vuilhorgne Marc , Malpart Joëul , Mutti Stéaphane , Mignani Serge 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPractical synthesis of 2‐ethoxycarbonylimidazole‐4‐phosphonate (1a) and diethyl imidazole‐2,4‐dicar‐boxylate (1b) are described.
Synthesis of substituted 3‐phenyl‐6h‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]isoxazoles from corresponding 4‐benzoyl‐5‐hydroxypyrazoles
Authors: Holzer Wolfgang , Hahn Katharina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment of 1,(3)‐(di)substituted 4‐benzoyl‐5‐hydroxypyrazoles with phosphorus oxychloride affords the corresponding 4‐benzoyl‐5‐chloropyrazoles. Reaction of the latter with hydroxylamine leads to oximes, which can be cyclized to novel 3‐phenyl‐6H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]isoxazoles by treatment with sodium hydride in dimethyl formamide. Detailed nmr spectroscopic studies (1H, 13C) with all obtained compounds are presented.
New approach to l'C‐modified riboside scaffold via stereoselective functionalization of D‐(+)‐ribonic‐y‐lactone
Authors: Alzérreca Arnaldo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe the preparation and spectroscopic properties of a novel class of nucleoside analogues in which a phenyl sulfonyl methylene group is attached to the 1′‐carbon atom of P‐D‐ribofuranose. The glyco‐sylation of 5‐O‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)‐2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐ribofuranolactone lb with phenyl methyl‐lithium sulfone in THF at −60° C afforded 5‐O‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)‐1′‐(benzenesulfonylmethylene)‐2′,3′‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐ribofuranose 2b. When subjected to deoxydative reaction conditions with boron trifluoride etherate in the presence of triethylsilane at −45° C, lactol 2b was converted into 2′,3′‐O‐isopro‐pylidene‐1′‐deoxy‐1′‐(benzenesulfonylmethylene)‐β‐D‐ribofuranose 4b with excellent stereocontrol over the anomeric carbon in moderate yield. This method has the potential for the development of a wider array of useful probes derived from 1′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranose for nucleic acid research and for antisense therapeutic agents through further functionalization of the coupled sulfonyl group.
Facile syntheses and antimicrobial studies of 6‐(aryloxy/arylthio/chloroethoxy)‐2,10‐dichloro‐4,8‐dinitro‐12‐trichloromemyl‐12H‐dibenzo[d,g][13,2]dioxaphosphocin 6‐oxides
Authors: Kumar K. Ananda , Kasthuraiah M. , Reddy C. Suresh , Berlin K. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSynthesis of several novel 6‐aryloxy/arylmio/chloroethoxy‐2,10‐dichloro‐4,8‐dinitro‐12‐trichloro‐memyl‐12H‐dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin 6‐oxides (4a‐k) was accomplished by reacting 2,2‐bis (2‐hydroxy‐5‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl)‐1,1,1‐trichloroethane 2 with different aryl phosphorodichloridates (3a‐g) and O‐2‐chloroethyl phosphoryldichloride (3h) in the presence of triethylamine in dry toluene at 60–65 °C. Actually some of these compounds were prepared by reacting monochloride 5 resulting from the condensation of phosphorus oxychloride with 2 in situ, with different phenols and thiophenols. The chemical structures were confirmed by elemental, ir and 1H, 13C, 31P nmr and mass spectral data analyses. These compounds were screened for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Curvularia lunata and Pyricularia oryzae and antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas syringae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Some of them possessed significant activity.
Synthesis and isolation of chloro‐β‐carbolines obtained by chlorination of β‐carboline alkaloids in solution and in solid state
Authors: Ponce Maria A. , Tarzi Olga I. , Erra‐Balsells Rosa 
Published: March 2009

Abstractβ‐Carbolines (1‐5) undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution with N‐chlorosuccinimide and N‐chlorobenzotriazole under different experimental conditions. Although 6‐chloro and 8‐chloro‐nor‐har‐mane (1a and 1b) and 6‐chloro and 8‐chloro‐harmane (2a and 2b) obtained by chlorination with sodium hypochlorite of nor‐harmane (1) and harmane (2) were isolated and fully characterized recently, other chloroderivatives of nor‐harmane and harmane have never been described. The preparation and subsequent isolation, purification and full characterization of the dichloroderivatives 1c and 2c are reported (mp, Rf, 1H nmr, 13C nmr and ms) together with the preparation, isolation and charaterization, for the first time, of the chloroderivatives obtained from harmine (3a‐3c), harmol (4a‐4b) and 7‐acetylharmol (5a‐5c). As chlorinating reagent N‐chlorosuccinimide and N‐chlorobenzotriazole in solution as well as the β‐carboline ‐N‐chlorosuccinimide solid mixture have been used and their uses have been compared. Gc (tR) and gc‐ms (m/z) data for other monochloro derivative of nor‐harmane (1d) and monochloro‐ and dichloroderivatives of harmane (2d and 2e‐2f), obtained in trace amounts, are also included (Scheme 1 and Table I). Semiempirical AM1 and PM3 calculations have been performed in order to predict reactivity in terms of the energies of HOMO‐LUMO difference and in terms of the charge density of β‐carbolines (1‐5) and chloro‐β‐carbolines (1a‐1c, 2a‐2c, 3a‐3c, 4a‐4b, and 5a‐5c) (Scheme 1). Theoretical and experimental results are discussed briefly.
Synthesis of macrocyclic polyethers with partially fluorinated side arms
Authors: Elshani Sadik , Wai Chien M. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. , Hwang Hong‐Sik , Bartsch Richard A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDifferent types of macrocyclic polyethers with partially fluorinated side arms are prepared. These new macrocyclic ligands are based on sym‐dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5 and sym‐dicyclohexano‐16‐crown‐5 scaffolds.
Reactions of an indolinonic nitroxide with superoxide radical anion in the presence of alkylhalides. Unexpected formation of a reduced transposed product
Authors: Carloni Patricia , Vianelli Roberto , Greci Lucedio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study concerns the reactions of 2‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐phenylimino‐2,3‐dihydroindol‐l‐oxyl and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl with alkylperoxyls, generated from potassium superoxide and a series of alkylhalides, in order to evaluate possible differences in reactivity with primary, secondary and tertiary alkylperoxyls. To better understand the reactivity of the studied indolinonic aminoxyl in alkaline medium, the investigation was extended to its reactions with potassium hydroxide and potassium tert‐butoxide in different solvents.
3H‐indolium salts efficiently prepared from N‐substituted anilines and α‐branched ketones by an one‐pot synthesis
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas , Brede Ortwin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStarting with the N‐substituted anilines 4/12 and the α‐branched ketones 3 the 3H‐indolium salts 1 and their fused derivatives 13 are prepared by combining a sodium nitrite nitrosation, a zinc dust reduction, a hydrazone formation and a Fischer indolization to a reaction sequence in which the isolation and purification of intermediates is not necessary. The scope and limitations of this effective one‐pot synthesis are discussed.
Synthesis α‐aminonitrile through anodic cyanation of N‐benzylpiperidine
Authors: Zhao Ping , Yin Ying‐Wu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSix‐membered cyclic α‐aminonitrile has been prepared from anodic cyanation of N‐benzylpiperidine. Good yields of α‐aminonitriles could be obtained through potentiostatic electrolysis under different conditions. The results also explain why high yield α‐aminonitriles could not be obtained under constant current electrolysis.