bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A further work on multi‐phase two‐fluid approach for compressible multi‐phase flows
Authors: Niu Yang‐Yao , Lin Yu‐Chin , Chang Chih‐Hao 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper is to continue our previous work Niu (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2001; 36:351–371) on solving a two‐fluid model for compressible liquid–gas flows using the AUSMDV scheme. We first propose a pressure–velocity‐based diffusion term originally derived from AUSMDV scheme Wada and Liou (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 1997; 18(3):633—657) to enhance its robustness. The scheme can be applied to gas and liquid fluids universally. We then employ the stratified flow model Chang and Liou (J. Comput. Physics 2007; 225:240–873) for spatial discretization. By defining the fluids in different regions and introducing inter‐phasic force on cell boundary, the stratified flow model allows the conservation laws to be applied on each phase, and therefore, it is able to capture fluid discontinuities, such as the fluid interfaces and shock waves, accurately. Several benchmark tests are studied, including the Ransom's Faucet problem, 1D air–water shock tube problems, 2D shock‐water column and 2D shock‐bubble interaction problems. The results indicate that the incorporation of the new dissipation into AUSM+‐up scheme and the stratified flow model is simple, accurate and robust enough for the compressible multi‐phase flows. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new volume of fluid method in three dimensions—Part II: Piecewise‐planar interface reconstruction with cubic‐Bézier fit
Authors: López J. , Zanzi C. , Gómez P. , Faura F. , Hernández J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new interface reconstruction method in 3D is presented. The method involves a conservative level‐contour reconstruction coupled to a cubic‐Bézier interpolation. The use of the proposed piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) reconstruction scheme coupled to a multidimensional time integration provides solutions of second‐order spatial and temporal accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed reconstruction algorithm are demonstrated through several tests, whose results are compared with those obtained with other recently proposed methods. An overall improvement in accuracy with respect to other recent methods has been achieved, along with a substantial reduction in the central processing unit time required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite‐volume particle method for conservation laws on moving domains
Authors: Teleaga D. , Struckmeier J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe paper deals with the finite‐volume particle method (FVPM), a relatively new method for solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. A general formulation of the method for bounded and moving domains is presented. Furthermore, an approximation property of the reconstruction formula is proved. Then, based on a two‐dimensional test problem posed on a moving domain, a special Ansatz for the movement of the particles is proposed. The obtained numerical results indicate that this method is well suited for such problems, and thus a first step to apply the FVPM to real industrial problems involving free boundaries or fluid–structure interaction is taken. Finally, we perform a numerical convergence study for a shock tube problem and a simple linear advection equation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surrogate model‐based strategy for cryogenic cavitation model validation and sensitivity evaluation
Authors: Goel Tushar , Thakur Siddharth , Haftka Raphael T. , Shyy Wei , Zhao Jinhui 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe study of cavitation dynamics in cryogenic environment has critical implications for the performance and safety of liquid rocket engines, but there is no established method to estimate cavitation‐induced loads. To help develop such a computational capability, we employ a multiple‐surrogate model‐based approach to aid in the model validation and calibration process of a transport‐based, homogeneous cryogenic cavitation model. We assess the role of empirical parameters in the cavitation model and uncertainties in material properties via global sensitivity analysis coupled with multiple surrogates including polynomial response surface, radial basis neural network, kriging, and a predicted residual sum of squares‐based weighted average surrogate model. The global sensitivity analysis results indicate that the performance of cavitation model is more sensitive to the changes in model parameters than to uncertainties in material properties. Although the impact of uncertainty in temperature‐dependent vapor pressure on the predictions seems significant, uncertainty in latent heat influences only temperature field. The influence of wall heat transfer on pressure load is insignificant. We find that slower onset of vapor condensation leads to deviation of the predictions from the experiments. The recalibrated model parameters rectify the importance of evaporation source terms, resulting in significant improvements in pressure predictions. The model parameters need to be adjusted for different fluids, but for a given fluid, they help capture the essential fluid physics with different geometry and operating conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vagina—Population‐based case–control study in Denmark
Authors: Madsen Birgitte S. , Jensen Helle L. , van den Brule Adriaan J.C. , Wohlfahrt Jan , Frisch Morten 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe etiology of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (VV‐SCC) has received little attention. A total of 182 women with invasive VV‐SCC (116 with VV‐SCCvulva, 66 with VV‐SCCvagina), 164 uterine corpus cancer controls and 518 population controls were interviewed in a population‐based case–control study in Denmark, and 87 (48%) of the VV‐SCC cases had tissue samples examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using the GP5+/6+ PCR‐EIA assay and subsequent reverse line blotting for HPV typing. Logistic regression‐derived odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals served as relative risks. Cervical cancer‐associated high‐risk HPVs (hrHPVs) were detectable in most (89%) examined cases of VV‐SCCvagina and in half (50%) of cases of VV‐SCCvulva (p < 0.001). In site‐specific multivariate logistic regression analyses, statistically significant risk factors for both VV‐SCCvulva and VV‐SCCvagina included measures of hrHPV exposure (anogenital warts for VV‐SCCvulva; cervical neoplasia and poor genital hygiene for VV‐SCCvagina), tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, socioeconomic variables (marital status and years at school) were associated with risk of VV‐SCCvulva. Comparing hrHPV‐positive and hrHPV‐negative VV‐SCCs in polytomous logistic regression analysis revealed that tobacco smoking and cervical neoplasia were significant risk factors only for hrHPV‐positive VV‐SCCs. Our study shows that VV‐SCCvulva and VV‐SCCvagina share measures of prior hrHPV exposure, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as statistically significant risk factors. HPV vaccination programs aimed at reducing the burden of cervical cancers are likely to also provide considerable protection against VV‐SCCs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of p53 codon 72 genotype on breast cancer survival depends on p53 gene status
Authors: Xu Ye , Yao Lihua , Zhao Ailian , Ouyang Tao , Li Jinfeng , Wang Tianfeng , Fan Zhaoqing , Fan Tie , Lin Benyao , Lu Youyong , Xie Yuntao 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn vitro studies suggest that p53 codon 72 genotype alters the apoptotic capacity of p53 protein, with the 72 arginine (R) form of wild‐type p53 harboring a greater apoptosis‐inducing potential than the 72 proline (P) variant. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the association between the p53 codon 72 genotype and breast cancer survival was modified by p53 gene status. In our study, we examined the p53 codon 72 genotype and p53 mutations (through exons 4–9) in paraffin‐embedded specimens from 414 breast cancer patients with a median follow‐up of 8.2 years. We report that the p53 codon 72 genotype was significantly associated with disease‐free survival (DFS, p = 0.02) but not with disease‐specific survival (DSS, p = 0.24) in the entire study population (n = 414). In contrast, the codon 72 genotype was strongly associated with both DFS (p = 0.001) and DSS (p = 0.04) among patients with a wild‐type p53 tumor (n = 346), patients with the P/P variant had worse DFS and DSS than did those with the P/R or R/R variant in this subgroup of patients. More importantly, as compared with the P/R or R/R variant, the P/P variant remained an independent prognostic factor of DFS among patients with a wild‐type p53 tumor (HR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.4–4.4; p = 0.003). We conclude that the effect of p53 codon 72 genotype on breast cancer survival is dependent on p53 gene status, the P/P variant is strongly associated with poor prognosis among patients with a wild‐type p53 tumor. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐invasive analysis of cell cycle dynamics in single living cells with Raman micro‐spectroscopy
Authors: Swain Robin J. , Jell Gavin , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRaman micro‐spectroscopy is a laser‐based technique which enables rapid and non‐invasive biochemical analysis of cells and tissues without the need for labels, markers or stains. Previous characterization of the mammalian cell cycle using Raman micro‐spectroscopy involved the analysis of suspensions of viable cells and individual fixed and/or dried cells. Cell suspensions do not provide cell‐specific information, and fixing/drying can introduce artefacts which distort Raman spectra, potentially obscuring both qualitative and quantitative analytical results. In this article, we present Raman spectral characterization of biochemical changes related to cell cycle dynamics within single living cells in vitro. Raman spectra of human osteosarcoma cells synchronized in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle were obtained and multivariate statistics applied to analyze the changes in cell spectra as a function of cell cycle phase. Principal components analysis identified spectral differences between cells in different phases, indicating a decrease in relative cellular lipid contribution to Raman spectral signatures from G0/G1 to G2/M, with a concurrent relative increase in signal from nucleic acids and proteins. Supervised linear discriminant analysis of spectra was used to classify cells according to cell cycle phase, and exhibited 97% discrimination between G0/G1‐phase cells and G2/M‐phase cells. The non‐invasive analysis of live cell cycle dynamics with Raman micro‐spectroscopy demonstrates the potential of this approach to monitoring biochemical cellular reactions and processes in live cells in the absence of fixatives or labels. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1427–1438, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteoclast inhibitory peptide‐1 (OIP‐1) inhibits measles virus nucleocapsid protein stimulated osteoclast formation/activity
Authors: Shanmugarajan Srinivasan , Youssef Rimon F. , Pati Parmita , Ries William L. , Rao D. Sudhaker , Reddy Sakamuri V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPaget's disease (PD) of bone is characterized by increased activity of large abnormal osteoclasts (OCLs) which contain paramyxoviral nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. MVNP gene expression has been shown to induce pagetic phenotype in OCLs. We previously characterized the osteoclast inhibitory peptide‐1 (OIP‐1/hSca) which inhibits OCL formation/bone resorption. OIP‐1 is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐linked membrane protein containing a 79 amino acid extra cellular peptide and a 32 amino acid carboxy terminal GPI‐linked peptide (c‐peptide) which is critical for OCL inhibition. In this study, we demonstrate that OIP‐1 c‐peptide significantly decreased (43%) osteoclast differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with PD. Also, OIP‐1 treatment to normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells transduced with the MVNP inhibited (41%) osteoclast precursor (CFU‐GM) growth in methyl‐cellulose cultures. We further tested if OIP‐1 overexpression in the OCL lineage in transgenic mice inhibits MVNP stimulated OCL formation. MVNP transduction and RANKL stimulation of OIP‐1 mouse bone marrow cells showed a significant decrease (43%) in OCL formation and inhibition (38%) of bone resorption area compared to wild‐type mice. Western blot analysis identified that OIP‐1 decreased (3.5‐fold) MVNP induced TRAF2 expression during OCL differentiation. MVNP or OIP‐1 expression did not affect TRAF6 levels. Furthermore, OIP‐1 expression resulted in a significant inhibition of MVNP stimulated ASK1, Rac1, c‐Fos, p‐JNK, and NFATc1 expression during OCL differentiation. These results suggest that OIP‐1 inhibits MVNP induced pagetic OCL formation/activity through suppression of RANK signaling. Thus, OIP‐1 may have therapeutic utility against excess bone resorption in patients with PD. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1500–1508, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein phosphatase 1 activation and alternative splicing of Bcl‐X and Mcl‐1 by EGCG + ibuprofen
Authors: Kim Myoung H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEpigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and ibuprofen synergistically act to suppress proliferation and enhance apoptosis of prostate cancer cell lines, PC‐3 and LNCaP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of underlying this synergism. Most interestingly, EGCG + ibuprofen treatment in PC‐3 cells resulted in altering the ratio of the splice variants of Bcl‐X and Mcl‐1, downregulating the mRNA levels of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐X(L) and Mcl‐1(L) with a concomitant increase in the mRNA levels of pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐X(s) and Mcl‐1(s). However, there were no apparent changes in splicing variants in either ibuprofen or EGCG treated cells. Induction of alternative splicing was correlated with increased activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in EGCG + ibuprofen‐treated cells, since pretreatment with calyculin A and tautomycin blocked EGCG + ibuprofen‐induced alternative splicing in PC‐3 cells in contrast to pretreatment with okadaic acid. On the other hand, EGCG + ibuprofen treatment in LNCaP cells did not alter splicing variants of Bcl‐X and Mcl‐1, despite the increase in protein phosphatase activity. In both cell lines, EGCG + ibuprofen inhibited cell proliferation synergistically. Taken together, this study demonstrate for the first time that EGCG + ibuprofen upregulated PP1 activity, which in turn induced alternative splicing of Bcl‐X and Mcl‐1 in a cell‐type specific manner. Our study also demonstrates that the activation of PP1 contributes to the alternative splicing of Mcl‐1. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1491–1499, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Importance of autophosphorylation at Ser186 in the A‐loop of salt inducible kinase 1 for its sustained kinase activity
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiko Katoh , Satoh Tomohiro , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Takemori Hiroshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAutophosphorylation is an important mechanism by which protein kinases regulate their own biological activities. Salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) is a regulator in the feedback cascades of cAMP‐mediated gene expression, while its kinase domain also features autophosphorylation activity. We provide evidence that Ser186 in the activation loop is the site of autophosphorylation and essential for the kinase activity. Ser186 is located at the +4 position of the critical Thr residue Thr182, which is phosphorylated by upstream kinases such as LKB1. The relationship between phosphorylation at Ser186 and at Thr182 in COS‐7 cells indicates that the former is a prerequisite for the latter. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) phosphorylates Ser/Thr residues located at the fourth position ahead of the pre‐phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues, and inhibitors of GSK‐3β reduce the phosphorylation at Thr182. The results of an in vitro reconstitution assay also indicate that GSK‐3β could be the SIK1 kinase. However, overexpression and knockdown of GSK‐3β in LKB1‐defective HeLa cells suggests that GSK‐3β alone may not be able to phosphorylate or activate SIK1, indicating that LKB1 may play a crucial role by phosphorylating SIK1 at Thr182, possibly as an initiator of the autophosphorylation cascade, and GSK‐3β may phosphorylate SIK1 at Thr182 by recognizing the priming‐autophosphorylation at Ser186 in cultured cells. This may also be the case for the other isoform SIK2, but not for SIK3. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1724–1739, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) by 1α,25‐dihydroxy‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐vitamin D3, a less calcemic vitamin D analog
Authors: Aparna Rachamallu , Subhashini Jagu , Roy Karnati R. , Reddy G. Satyanarayana , Robinson Matthew , Uskokovic Milan R. , Venkateswara Reddy Gorla , Reddanna Pallu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been implicated to play a role in inflammation and carcinogenesis and selective COX‐2 inhibitors have been considered as anti‐inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents. 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), the active hormonal form of vitamin D3 also has been considered to be a cancer chemopreventive agent in addition to its important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Based on these observations, we studied the direct effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and one of its less calcemic synthetic analogs, 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 on the activity of both COX‐1 and COX‐2 in an in vitro enzyme assay. Preliminary data indicated that both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 inhibited selectively the activity of COX‐2 with no effect on the activity of COX‐1. Out of the two compounds, 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 was found to be more effective with an IC50 of 5.8 nM. Therefore, the rest of the experiments were performed using 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 only. 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 inhibited the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) with a reduction in the expression of COX‐2 along with other inflammatory mediators like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Furthermore, 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 also inhibited carrageenan induced inflammation in an air pouch of a rat and effectively reduced the expression of COX‐2, iNOS, and IL‐2 in the tissues of the same air pouch. In both cases, 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 did not show any effect on the expression of COX‐1. In summary, our results indicate that 1α,25(OH)2‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3, a less calcemic vitamin D analog, exhibits potent anti‐inflammatory effects and is a selective COX‐2 inhibitor. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1832–1842, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of [Cl−]i on ENaC activity from mouse cortical collecting duct cells
Authors: Gu Yuchun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNa+ transport via epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) occurs across many epithelial surfaces and plays a key role in regulating salt and water absorption. In this study, we have examined the effects of cytosolic Na+ and Cl− on ENaC activity by patch clamping single channel recording method in mouse cortical collecting duct cells (M1). Cytosolic Na+ exerts its effect in change of ENaC open probability (Po). High cytosolic Na+ significantly reduces ENaC Po. No change in channel conductance by cytosolic Na+ is observed. However, decrease of cytosolic Cl− concentration significantly increases channel conductance and ENaC Po. This effect is due to the right shift of ENaC I–V curve to positive membrane potential. The virtue of ENaC conductance remains the same. Cl− channels like CFTR and VRAC are unlikely to be involved in this regulation. The results suggest that cytosolic Cl− could serve as a mediator to regulate ENaC activity, in accordance with the activities of Cl− channels. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 453–457, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene nanocomposites filled with nanosized alumina
Authors: Kar Kamal K. , Srivastava S. , Rahaman Ariful , Nayak S.K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA polymer nanocomposite was produced by acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) and α‐alumina was prepared through sol‐gel process using aluminum nitrate and citric acid. The particle size was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The nanocomposites were characterized through tensile strength, Young's modulus, strain% at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. The ABS/Al2O3 nanocomposites are found to have slightly higher Young's modulus, but lower tensile strength, strain% at break, flexural and impact strength than the virgin ABS. But its flexural modulus increases with increasing Al2O3 content in ABS matrix. The d‐spacing was calculated in nanocomposites to evaluate the interaction between Al2O3 and ABS. The particle distributions in nanocomposites were studied by SEM. The fractured surfaces of tensile test samples were also examined through SEM and show that the ductile fracture of ABS is converted to brittle fracture with addition of Al2O3. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
The unidirectional glass fiber reinforced furfuryl alcohol for pultrusion. I. Process feasibility and kinetic analysis
Authors: Chen Chin‐Hsing , Chen I‐Ken 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe development of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced furfuryl alcohol (FA) composites has been conducted using an in situ polymerization method. The FA prepolymer synthesized in this study was prepared from blends of FA monomer and catalyst (p‐toluene sulfonic acid). The process feasibility, and kinetic analysis of the unidirectional glass fiber reinforced FA composites by pultrusion has been investigated. From the investigations of the long pot life of FA prepolymer, the high reactivity of FA and FA/glass fiber, and excellent fiber wet‐out of FA resin and glass fiber, it was found that the FA resin showed excellent process feasibility for pultrusion. A kinetic autocatalytic model, dα/dt = A exp(−E/RT)αm(1−α)n, was proposed to describe the curing behavior of FA/glass fiber composites. Kinetic parameters for the model were obtained from dynamic differential scanning calorimetry scans using a multiple regression technique. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A new controllable approach to synthesize hyperbranched poly(siloxysilanes)
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Jie , Fan Xiao‐Dong , Kong Jie , Wang Xin , Liu Yu‐Yang , Zhang Guo‐Bin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new controllable approach to synthesize hyperbranched poly(siloxysilanes) via hydrosilylation of A2‐ and B′Bx‐type monomers was developed in this work. A2 monomers (dimethylbis(dimethylsiloxy)siloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane), B′Bx monomers (methylvinyldiallylsilane and vinyltriallylsilane), and the resultant hyperbranched poly(siloxysilanes) were well characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR, and SEC/MALLS. The In situ FTIR results indicate that the controllable polymerization can be carried out quickly and the reaction process was obviously performed in two stages. At the first stage, silicon hydride selectively reacts with vinyl silane groups, which produces intermediate structures with one SiH and two (or three) allyl groups. Consequently, at the second stage, these intermediates act as new AB2 (or AB3) type monomers and continue to be self‐polymerized to generate hyperbranched polymers. By this novel controllable approach, molecular weights and their polydispersity of the resulted hyperbranched poly(siloxysilanes) can be conveniently regulated via adjusting the process parameters, such as feeding ratio of two monomers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2708–2720, 2008