bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between changes in eating and drinking behaviors and respiratory tract disease in newly arrived calves at a feedlot
Authors: Buhman Marilyn J. , Perino Louis J. , Galyean Michael L. , Wittum Thomas E. , Montgomery Ted H. , Swingle R. Spencer 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate eating and drinking behaviors and their association with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) and to evaluate methods of diagnosing BRDC.Animals—170 newly arrived calves at a feedlot.Procedure—Eating and drinking behaviors of calves were recorded at a feedlot. Calves with clinical signs of BRDC were removed from their pen and classified retrospectively as sick or not sick on the basis of results of physical and hematologic examinations. Pulmonary lesions of all calves were assessed at slaughter.Results—Calves that were sick had significantly greater frequency and duration of drinking 4 to 5 days after arrival than calves that were not sick. Sick calves had significantly lower frequency and duration of eating and drinking 11 to 27 days after arrival but had significantly greater frequency of eating 28 to 57 days after arrival than calves that were not sick. Calves at slaughter that had a higher percentage of lung tissue with pneumonic lesions had significantly lower frequency and duration of eating 11 to 27 days after arrival but had significantly higher frequency and duration of eating 28 to 57 days after arrival. Agreement for calves being sick and having severe pulmonary lesions at slaughter was adequate. Agreement for calves being removed and having pulmonary lesions at slaughter was low.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Eating and drinking behaviors were associated with signs of BRDC, but there was not an obvious predictive association between signs of BRDC in calves and eating and drinking behaviors. Fair to poor agreement was observed between antemortem and postmortem disease classification. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1163–1168)
Evaluation of substance P as a neurotransmitter in equine jejunum
Authors: Malone Erin D. , Kannan Mathur S. , Brown David R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether substance P (SP) functions as a neurotransmitter in equine jejunum.Sample Population—Samples of jejunum obtained from horses that did not have lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.Procedure—Jejunal smooth muscle strips, oriented in the plane of the circular or longitudinal muscle, were suspended isometrically in muscle baths. Neurotransmitter release was induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) delivered at 2 intensities (30 and 70 V) and various frequencies on muscle strips that were maintained at low tension or were under contraction. A neurokinin-1 receptor blocker (CP- 96,345) was added to baths prior to EFS to interrupt SP neurotransmission. Additionally, direct effects of SP on muscle strips were evaluated, and SP-like immunoreactivity was localized in intestinal tissues, using indirect immunofluorescence testing.Results—Substance P contracted circularly and longitudinally oriented muscle strips. Prior treatment with CP-96,345 altered muscle responses to SP and EFS, suggesting that SP was released from depolarized myenteric neurons. Depending on orientation of muscle strips and stimulation variables used, CP-96,345 increased or decreased the contractile response to EFS. Substance P-like immunoreactivity was detected in the myenteric plexus and circular muscle layers.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Substance P appears to function as a neurotransmitter in equine jejunum. It apparently modulates smooth muscle contractility, depending on preexisting conditions. Effects of SP may be altered in some forms of intestinal dysfunction. Altering SP neurotransmission in the jejunum may provide a therapeutic option for motility disorders of horses that are unresponsive to adrenergic and cholinergic drugs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 1178–1184)
Effects of intravenous administration of formaldehyde on platelet and coagulation variables in healthy horses
Authors: Taylor Erin L. , Sellon Debra C. , Wardrop K. Jane , Hines Melissa T. , Kingston Janene K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To assess safety and determine effects
of IV administration of formaldehyde on hemostatic
variables in healthy horses.

Animals—7 healthy adult horses.

Procedure—Clinical signs and results of CBC, serum
biochemical analyses, and coagulation testing including
template bleeding time (TBT) and activated clotting
time (ACT) were compared in horses given a
dose of 0.37% formaldehyde or lactated Ringer’s
solution (LRS), IV, in a 2-way crossover design. In a
subsequent experiment, horses received an infusion
of 0.74% formaldehyde or LRS. In another experiment,
horses were treated with aspirin to impair
platelet responses prior to infusion of formaldehyde
or LRS.

Results—Significant differences were not detected in
any variable measured between horses when given
formaldehyde or any other treatment. Infusion of
higher doses of formaldehyde resulted in adverse
effects including muscle fasciculations, tachycardia,
tachypnea, serous ocular and nasal discharge, agitation,
and restlessness.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intravenous
infusion of formaldehyde at doses that do not induce
adverse reactions did not have a detectable effect on
measured hemostatic variables in healthy horses.
(Am J Vet Res 2000;61:1191–1196)
Effect of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid on growth and metastasis of xenotransplanted canine osteosarcoma cells in athymic mice
Authors: Hong Sung-Hyeok , Kadosawa Tsuyoshi , Mochizuki Manabu , Matsunaga Satoru , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of all-transand 9-cisretinoic acid (RA) on tumor growth and metastatic ability of canine osteosarcoma cells transplanted into athymic (nude) mice.Animals—Forty-five 5-week-old female BALB/c nude mice.Procedure—1 × 107POS osteosarcoma cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the intrascapular region of mice. All-transRA (3 or 30 µg/kg of body weight in 0.1 ml of sesame oil), 9-cisRA (3 or 30 mg/kg in 0.1 ml of sesame oil), or sesame oil (0.1 ml; control treatment) were administered intragastrically 5 d/wk for 4 weeks beginning 3 days after transplantation (n = 4 mice/group) or after formation of a palpable tumor (5 mice/group). Tumor weight was estimated weekly by measuring tumor length and width, and retinoid toxic effects were evaluated daily. Two weeks after the final treatment, mice were euthanatized, and number of mice with pulmonary metastases was determined.Results—Adverse treatment effects were not detected. Tumor weight was less in mice treated with either dose of 9-cisRA than in control mice, although this difference was not significant. Treatment with 30 mg of 9-cisRA/kg initiated after tumor formation significantly reduced the incidence of pulmonary metastasis, compared with the control group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—9-cisRA decreased the incidence of pulmonary metastasis in nude mice transplanted with canine osteosarcoma cells and may be a potential adjunct therapy for treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2000; 61:1241–1244)
Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves during noninvasive tooth pulp stimulation in halothane-anesthetized cats
Authors: Gross Marjorie E. , Pope Eric R. , Jarboe Joli M. , O'Brien Dennis P. , Dodam John R. , Polkow-Haight Jennifer 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves abolishes reflex-evoked muscle action potentials (REMP) during tooth-pulp stimulation in halothane-anesthetized cats.Animals—8 healthy adult cats.Procedure—In halothane-anesthetized cats, an anodal electrode was attached to the tooth to be stimulated and a platinum needle cathodal electrode was inserted in adjacent gingival mucosa. Cathodal and anodal electrodes were moved to the upper and lower canine, upper fourth premolar, and lower first molar teeth for stimulation; baseline REMP was recorded. A 25-gauge 1-cm needle was inserted 0.5 cm into the infraorbital canal. A 25-gauge 1-cm needle was inserted 1 cm rostral to the angular process of the ramus, and advanced 0.5 cm along the medial aspect. Chloroprocaine was injected at each site. Each tooth was stimulated every 10 minutes for 90 minutes.Results—REMP was abolished within 10 minutes for all upper teeth, except for the upper canine tooth in 1 cat, and abolished within 10 minutes for lower teeth in 4 cats. In 1 cat, REMP was not abolished in the lower first molar tooth. In 3 cats, REMP was not abolished in the lower canine and first molar teeth. At 90 minutes, REMP was restored for all teeth except the lower canine tooth in 1 cat, for which REMP was restored at 120 minutes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves may provide dental analgesia in cats. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1245–1247)
Transformation and transposition of the genome of Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Talaat Adel M. , Trucksis Michele 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop and evaluate protocols for
genetic manipulations (transformation and transposition)
of the fish pathogen, Mycobacterium marinum.

Sample Population—Isolates of M marinum
obtained from fish and humans.

Procedure—Electrocompetent cells were prepared
from isolates of M marinum grown to various growth
phases at several temperatures and with or without
the addition of ethionamide or cycloheximide.
Mycobacterial cells were transformed by electroporation
with a replicative Escherichia coli-mycobacteria
shuttle vector (pYUB18) as well as suicide vectors
(pYUB285 and pUS252) that carried transposable elements
(IS1096 and IS6110, respectively). Mutants
from both isolates of M marinum were recovered on
7H10 agar plates supplemented with kanamycin.
Transformation and transposition efficiencies for various
protocols were compared. Southern hybridization
analysis was performed on mycobacterial mutants to
confirm transposition events.

Results—Competent cells prepared at room temperature
(23–25 C) from organisms in late-exponential
growth phase yielded higher transposition efficiency,
compared with cells prepared at 4 C or from organisms
in early- or mid-exponential growth phase.
Naturally developing kanamycin-resistant colonies of
M marinum were not detected. Only the
IS1096-derived transposition was able to efficiently
mutate M marinum. Southern hybridization of M marinum
mutants revealed random integration of IS1096
into the M marinum genome.

Conclusions—Transposition and transformation efficiencies
were comparable, suggesting that the limiting
factor in transposition is the transformation step.
Most of the experiments resulted in transposition of
IS1096; however, better approaches are needed to
improve transposition efficiency. (Am J Vet Res 2000;
61:125–128)
Effects of anesthesia, surgery, and intravenous administration of fluids on plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: Hauptman Joe G. , Richter Marlee A. , Wood Sheri L. , Nachreiner Ray F. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate effects of anesthesia,
surgery, and intravenous administration of fluids on
plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH),
concentration of total solids (TS), PCV, arterial blood
pressure (BP), plasma osmolality, and urine output in
healthy dogs.

Animals—22 healthy Beagles.

Procedure—11 dogs did not receive fluids, and 11
received 20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution/kg of body
weight/h. Plasma ADH adn TS concentrations, PCV,
osmolality, and arterial BP were measured before anesthesia
(T0) and after administration of preanesthetic
agents (T1), induction of anesthesia (T2), and 1 and 2
hours of surgery (T3 and T4, respectively). Urine output
was measured at T3 and T4.

Results—ADH concentrations increased at T1, T3, and
T4, compared with concentrations at T0. Concentration
of TS and PCV decreased at all times after administration
of preanesthetic drugs. Plasma ADH concentration
was less at T3 in dogs that received fluids, compared
with those that did not. Blood pressure did not
differ between groups, and osmolality did not increase
> 1% from T0 value at any time. At T4, rate of urine production
was less in dogs that did not receive fluids,
compared with those that did.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma ADH
concentration increased and PCV and TS concentration
decreased in response to anesthesia and
surgery. Intravenous administration of fluids resulted
in increased urine output but had no effect on ADH
concentration or arterial BP. The causes and effects of
increased plasma ADH concentrations may affect efficacious
administration of fluids during the perioperative
period in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:
1273–1276)
Development of an in vitro fluorometric assay to study adherence of Pasteurella haemolytica to bovine cells
Authors: Clarke Jean M. , Morton Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop an in vitro fluorometric assay to assessPasteurella haemolyticaadherence to bovine respiratory and epithelial cells and compare adherence of single strains ofP haemolyticaserovars A1 and A2 (PhA1 and PhA2, respectively).Sample Population—Monolayers of bovine turbinate and Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells.Procedure—To determine optimal inoculum concentration and incubation time, various concentrations ofP haemolyticawere labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and incubated with monolayers of bovine cells for various times. Bovine cells were washed to remove nonadherent bacteria, and percentage of bacteria adhered (percentage of adherence) was estimated fluorometrically. Percentage of adherence of PhA1 was compared with that of PhA2.Results—The optimal inoculum concentration that resulted in measurable fluorescence of adherent bacteria was 1 × 108colony-forming units/ml, and the optimal incubation time was 45 minutes. Percentage of adherence of PhA1 to MDBK and turbinate cells was significantly greater than that determined for PhA2.Conclusions—The in vitro fluorometric assay is a timeefficient, inexpensive, and labor-saving method for evaluation ofP haemolyticaadherence to bovine cells. The concentration of bacteria used to inoculate bovine cells in this assay is similar to that typically used in other types of in vitro adherence assays. The predominance of PhA1 over PhA2 during the early stages of bovine respiratory disease may be attributable to the ability of PhA1 to adhere more avidly to nasopharyngeal tissue. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:129–132)
In vitro determination of contact areas in the normal elbow joint of dogs
Authors: Preston Chris A. , Schulz Kurt S. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate areas of articular contact of the proximal portions of the radius and ulna in normal elbow joints of dogs and the effects of axial load on size and location of these areas.Sample Population—Forelimbs obtained from cadavers of 5 adult mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—After forelimbs were removed, liquidphase polymethyl methacrylate was applied to articular surfaces of the elbow joint, and limbs were axially loaded. Articular regions void of casting material were stained with water-soluble paint. Relative articular contact areas were determined by computer-assisted image analyses of stained specimens. Repeatability of the technique was evaluated by analyses of casts from bilateral forelimbs of 1 cadaver. Incremental axial loads were applied to left forelimbs from 4 cadavers to determine effects of load on articular contact.Results—Specific areas of articular contact were identified on the radius, the craniolateral aspect of the anconeus, and the medial coronoid process. The medial coronoid and radial contact areas were continuous across the radioulnar articulation. There was no articular contact of the medial aspect of the anconeus with the central trochlear notch. Coefficients of variation of contact areas between repeated tests and between contralateral limbs was < 20%. Significant overall effects of axial load on contact area or location were not identified.Conclusions—Three distinct contact areas were evident in the elbow joint of dogs. Two ulnar contact areas were detected, suggesting there may be physiologic incongruity of the humeroulnar joint. There was no evidence of surface incongruity between the medial edge of the radial head and the lateral edge of the medial coronoid process. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 1315–1321)
Comparison of sensitivity of sodium currents to tetrodotoxin in equine muscle specimens with that in murine and human muscle specimens
Authors: Beech Jill , Fletcher Jeffrey E. , Erwin Kirsten , Lindborg Susan R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine sensitivity of equine skeletal
muscle to tetrodotoxin and compare that with sensitivity
of murine and human skeletal muscles.

Sample Population—Semimembranosus, vastus lateralis,
triceps brachii, and masseter muscle specimens
from 22 euthanatized horses, vastus lateralis
muscle biopsy specimens from 25 clinically normal
humans, and diaphragmatic muscle specimens from
6 mice.

Procedure—Electrically elicited twitch responses
were measured in muscle specimens incubated in
medium alone and with tetrodotoxin (100 nM, 400
nM, 1.6 µM for equine specimens and 100 nM, 200
nM, 400 nM, 800 nM, 1.6 µM for murine and human
specimens). Percentages of tetrodotoxin-sensitive
and -resistant sodium channels were determined and
compared among muscles and species.

Results—2 sodium channels with different sensitivities
to tetrodotoxin were identified in equine muscle.
One was blocked with 100 nM tetrodotoxin and the
other was unaffected by tetrodotoxin at concentrations
up to 1.6 µM. The only difference detected
among the 4 equine muscles was that masseter muscle
specimens had a higher percentage of tetrodotoxin-
sensitive channels than triceps brachii muscle
specimens. Tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels
constituted 31 to 66% of the equine muscle twitch
response, which was greater than that determined
for normal human and murine muscle (< 5%).

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Equine skeletal
muscle contains a high percentage of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels. The 4 equine muscles
evaluated were more similar to each other than to
murine and human muscles. Shifts in expression of
sodium channel subtypes may play a role in the manifestation
of certain myopathies. (Am J Vet Res
2000;61:133–138)
Genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus–New Jersey from the 1995 outbreak in the western United States
Authors: Llewellyn Zara N. , Ou Xiu , Chang Gwong-Jen , Schmitt Beverly , Salman M. D. , Akkina Ramesh K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare molecular associations between the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-New Jersey isolates of the 1995 outbreak with those from previous outbreaks between 1982 and 1985 in the western United States.Sample Population—23 virus isolates considered representative of the 1995 outbreak of vesicular stomatitis.Procedure—Viral gene coding for surface-envelope protein G was evaluated by use of nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.Results—Changes in up to 0.77% of the nucleotide bases and 1.35% of the amino acids were detected among the 1995 viral isolates, whereas changes in up to 3.2 and 2.9% of the nucleotides and amino acids, respectively, were found, compared with the 1982 to 1985 viruses. Insertions or deletions were not found in the entire gene, which spanned 1,554 nucleotide bases.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 1995 VSV-New Jersey belongs to a lineage distinct from that of the 1982 to 1985 viruses that caused previous outbreaks in the western United States. Furthermore, it also is distinct from strains from Central America and from the Georgian Hazelhurst strain. (Am J Vet Res2000; 61:1358–1363)
Evaluation of local and systemic immune responses induced by intramuscular injection of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs
Authors: Thacker Eileen L. , Thacker Brad J. , Kuhn Michael , Hawkins Peggy A. , Waters W. Ray 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate immune responses induced by administration ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaebacterin to pigs.Animals—60 healthy 7- to 10-day-old cross-bred boars.Procedure—Pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 pig groups (15 pigs/group): vaccinated, challenged; vaccinated, nonchallenged; nonvaccinated, challenged; nonvaccinated, nonchallenged. Vaccinated pigs received IM injections of a mycoplasma bacterin on days 0 and 14, whereas nonvaccinated pigs received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Pigs in the challenged groups were inoculated intratracheally withM hyopneumoniaeon day 42. Pigs were euthanatized and necropsied 41, 44, 48, and 70 days after the first vaccination, and proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions was determined. Percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and number of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreting lymphocytes in blood and tissues, cytokine and antibody concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and serum antibody concentrations were determined.Results—Vaccination against and infection withM hyopneumoniaeinduced a local mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract of pigs. Proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions in vaccinated challenged pigs was reduced on day 70, compared with nonvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccination stimulated the production ofM hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ secreting blood lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor-α concentration in BAL fluid on day 70 was increased in nonvaccinated challenged pigs, compared with vaccinated challenged pigs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vaccination againstM hyopneumoniaeinduced local, mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. Moreover, vaccination reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenged pigs, suggesting that mucosal antibodies, mediation of the inflammatory response, and cellmediated immune responses are important for control of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1384–1389)
Conglutinin and immunoconglutinin titers in stressed calves in a feedlot
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Loan Raymond W. , Straus David C. , Briggs Robert E. , Frank Glynn H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether increased conglutinin titers are evident in stressed calves that do not develop respiratory tract disease in feedlots,compared with respiratory tract disease, and to determine the increase in immunoconglutinin titers.Animals—101 mixed-breed beef calves.Procedure—Calves were processed at 4 farms of origin and allowed to remain with their dams for another 100 days. Calves from each farm were brought to a centrally located order-buyer barn. In a feedlot, 101 calves were assigned to pens and observed daily for clinical signs of acute respiratory tract disease. When sick calves were detected, they were treated with antibiotics and isolated in a pen for 4 days. Conglutinin and immunoconglutinin titers were determined for all calves.Results—During the 28-day study, 73 calves developed respiratory tract disease, whereas 28 calves remained healthy. Mean conglutinin titers differed significantly among calves from the 4 farms. Significant differences were not detected in conglutinin titers among calves on the basis of sex, morbidity, or vaccination status againstMannheimia haemolyticaat each farm, the order-buyer barn, or the feedlot on days 8, 15, and 28 after arrival. Immunoconglutinin titers in calves differed significantly among farms and morbidity status.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mean conglutinin titers in calves do not appear to be associated with the incidence of acute respiratory tract disease; however, increased immunoconglutinin titers appear to be associated with recovery of stressed calves from respiratory tract disease during the first 15 days after arrival in a feedlot. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1403–1409)