bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prison's Door to Freedom
Authors: Haysom Elizabeth 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:What prisoners need when their external freedom has been taken away is inner freedom. Prison ministries too frequently reinforce authoritarian structures by confining the mind just like the correctional institution confines everything else. What is needed is a prison theology that evokes a fresh vision of transformation. The key to transformation is reliance on the presence of God in the inner life, a gift of the Holy Spirit. In the Spirit there is freedom.
What I Really Said about Secularisation
Authors: Martin David 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:The author sets out the different elements in his approach to secularization over forty years from a conceptual critique to an empirical general theory, initially covering Europe and America and later global Christianity, taking into account different historical inflections to secularization as a component of master narratives. The author presents his interest in secularization as strongly linked to his interest in religion and politics, faith and violence.
Flashpoints in Interpreting Paul
Authors: Hultgren Arland J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:In this article, Luther Seminary New Testament scholar Arland Hultgren outlines the unresolved issues of the “New Perspective on Paul”: (1) the question of legalism in pre‐Pauline Judaism; (2) justification by faith; and (3) the use of the objective or subjective genitive in the “pistis Christou Debate.” On the question as to whether Luther got Paul right, Hultgren points out a difficulty, namely, those addressing this question frequently fail to designate precisely what they mean by “Lutheran.”
Paul, Luther, and the Cross: In Dialog with Karl Donfried
Authors: Brondos David A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:In response to the articles appearing in Dialog 46:1 (Spring 2007), David Brondos defends his position that in Paul's thought Christ's death did not “effect” human salvation, over against Karl Donfried's critique of that position. While Brondos and Donfried agree that Luther got the essence of Paul's gospel right and that Paul did not understand Jesus' death in terms of satisfaction or penal substitution, Brondos argues that the idea of “inclusive substitution” defended by Donfried and characteristic of the “new perspective on Paul” is foreign to the thought of both Paul and Luther.
Age Estimation by a Dental Method: A Comparison of Lamendin’s and Prince & Ubelaker’s Technique
Authors: González‐Colmenares Gretel , Botella‐López Miguel C. , Moreno‐Rueda Gregorio , Fernández‐Cardenete Juan R. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:  Lamendin et al. (J Forensic Sci 1992;37:1373) developed a general technique to estimate age of adults at death using two dental features: periodontosis and translucency of the tooth root. Prince and Ubelaker (J Forensic Sci 2002;47:107) modified this method, creating a formula for each sex and for different ancestries, and obtained more precise age estimations. In the present study, the validity of each method was tested in 45 males and 34 females of Spanish Caucasian origin, and a novel formula, based on Prince and Ubelaker method, was specifically developed for a population of mixed racial origin (mestizo) from Colombia, and findings obtained were again compared with those yielded by Lamendin adult dental aging technique. The Prince and Ubelaker method proved more accurate than the Lamendin technique in the Spanish Caucasian population, and our Prince and Ubelaker‐based formula was also more accurate than the Lamendin et al. In both populations, the Lamendin method showed a higher mean error in estimations of the age of youngest and oldest individuals. These findings confirm the need to create specific formulas for each human group in order to obtain more accurate age estimates.
Topical and systemic absorption in delivery of dexamethasone to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye
Authors: Sigurdsson Hakon H. , Konráðsdóttir Fífa , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: July 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to: (1) determine the relative efficiencies of topical and systemic absorption of drugs delivered by eyedrops to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye; (2) establish whether dexamethasone‐cyclodextrin eyedrops deliver significant levels of drug to the retina and vitreous in the rabbit eye, and (3) compare systemic absorption following topical application to the eye versus intranasal or intravenous delivery.Methods:  In order to distinguish between topical and systemic absorption in the eye, we applied 0.5% dexamethasone‐cyclodextrin eyedrops to one (study) eye of rabbits and not to the contralateral (control) eye. Drug levels were measured in each eye. The study eye showed the result of the combination of topical and systemic absorption, whereas the control eye showed the result of systemic absorption only. Systemic absorption was also examined after intranasal and intravenous administration of the same dose of dexamethasone.Results:  In the aqueous humour dexamethasone levels were 170 ± 76 ng/g (mean ± standard deviation) in the study eye and 6 ± 2 ng/g in the control eye. Similar ratios were seen in the iris and ciliary body. In the retina the dexamethasone level was 33 ± 7 ng/g in the study eye and 14 ± 3 ng/g in the control eye. Similar ratios were seen in the vitreous humour. Systemic absorption was similar from ocular, intranasal and intravenous administration.Conclusions:  Absorption after topical application dominates in the anterior segment. Topical absorption also plays a significant role in delivering dexamethasone to the posterior segment of the rabbit eye. In medication administered to the retina, 40% of the drug reaches the retina via the systemic route and 60% via topical penetration. Dexamethasone‐cyclodextrin eyedrops deliver a significant amount of drug to the rabbit retina.
Can caregivers be used in assessing oral health‐related quality of life among patients hospitalized for acute medical conditions?
Authors: Zhu H. W. , McGrath C. , McMillan A. S. , Li L. S. W. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  Objectives:  To assess the agreement between patients’ and caregivers’ (CGs) assessment of patients’ oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) during the acute stage of their hospitalization.Methods:  A sample of 161 consecutive patients admitted to hospital following stroke and their CGs. Patients and CGs were interviewed independently about the impact of oral health status on the life quality of the patient employing the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Agreement of impact was assessed by comparison (agreement at the group level) and correlation analyses (agreement of individual patient–CG pairs).Results:  The response rate was 76% with 121 pairs of patients and CGs participating. At the group level, variations in patient's own and CG GOHAI scores were found (P < 0.001). The CGs underestimated the impact of oral health on life quality, particularly with respect to aspects of psychosocial functioning compared with patients’ own perceptions. However, the bias in reports was small (standardized difference = 0.43). The mean absolute difference in overall scores constituted 8% of the possible range of GOHAI scores. At the individual patient–CG pair level, the intraclass correlation coefficient for GOHAI scores was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61–0.82), indicating substantial agreement.Conclusion:  At the group and individual level there was adequate agreement between patients’ and CGs’ assessment of patients’ OHRQoL during the acute stage of their hospitalization. The findings have implications in the use of CGs as proxies in assessing oral health when patients’ own assessment may be difficult to obtain.
Trends in the incidence, mortality, and survival rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in a high‐risk area in Michigan, USA
Authors: Kolker Justine L. , Ismail Amid I. , Sohn Woosung , Ramaswami Neerrajah 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:  The aim of this analysis was to analyze the incidence, mortality and survival rates for the city of Detroit and Wayne County, Michigan. In Detroit, about four out of the five residents are African‐Americans.Methods:  Rates and standard errors on oral cancer incidence, survival, and mortality by county of residence, race, gender, stage of diagnosis were provided by the Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program, which is maintained by the Michigan Department of Community Health. Rates were expressed per 100 000 individuals and age adjusted to reflect the distribution of the USA population in 2000. Analysis for trends was conducted by the authors using the National Cancer Institutes’ joinpoint regression program (version 3.0).Results:  In 1993–2002, the incidence rate of oral cancer in Michigan (one of the 50 states in the USA) was 11.3 per 100 000, and in the city of Detroit, it was 16.6. In African‐American males in Michigan the incidence rate was 24.3 per 100 000, one of the highest among all American males. The city of Detroit, with 9% of the total state population, had 13.1% of all new cases. Between 1993 and 2002, there was a drop in incidence rates in Michigan and Detroit. However, there was an increase in mortality rates in Michigan and Detroit between 2000 and 2002. In Detroit, the incidence and mortality rates of ‘white’ and African‐American males were not different and the highest incidence rates were found in adults between the ages of 50 and 74 years. In the state, the peak incidence rates were found in adults 75 years or older. In 2000–2002, residents of Detroit had the lowest percentage (28.3%) of cases detected at early cancerous stage (in situ or localized) compared with rates in Michigan. African‐Americans in Michigan had a 5‐year survival rate of 34.9% compared with the state average of 54.6%.Conclusions:  African‐American males in Detroit accounted for a larger proportion of the oral cancer cases relative to their population size. There was surprising similarity between the incidence and mortality rates of African and ‘white’ Americans in Detroit. While the incidence rates have declined in Michigan and Detroit, mortality rates have increased between 2000 and 2002. This finding is contrary to national trends. In order to target programs to prevent oral cancer, oral cancer statistics for in small areas or high‐risk populations should be evaluated separately.
A preliminary investigation of the relationship of dental fear to other specific fears, general fearfulness, disgust sensitivity and harm sensitivity
Authors: Armfield Jason M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  Objectives:  People with dental fear often suffer from other psychological disorders, as well as from a number of other specific fears. Fear of going to the dentist may be associated not only with general fearfulness, but also with underlying personality dispositions. This exploratory study, therefore, investigated the associations between dental fear and 67 other specific fears, general fearfulness, disgust sensitivity and harm sensitivity.Methods:  Participants were 88 Australian adults who were administered the Fear Survey Schedule III (FSS‐III), the Harm Sensitivity Index and the Disgust Sensitivity Index. Principle axis factor analysis with Promax rotation was used to examine how dental fear related to other specific fears as measured with the FSS‐III.Results:  Dental fear was significantly correlated with most of the other specific fears, with factor analysis indicating that it tended to load more with fears related to lack of control rather than with what have often been classed as ‘medical’ fears. Significant associations were found between dental fear and the personality dispositions of general fearfulness, harm sensitivity and disgust sensitivity, although these associations were not linear.Conclusions:  Findings reveal extensive co‐occurrence of other specific fears with dental fear, while the associations of dental fear with personality traits suggest enduring aspects to dental fear which may translate into difficulties in fear alleviation. Dental fear was more related to a diverse range of fears relating to a loss of control than to medical‐specific fears.
Water fluoridation as a marker for sociodental inequalities
Authors: Gabardo Marilisa Carneiro Leão , Da Silva Wander José , Moysés Simone Tetu , Moysés Samuel Jorge 
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the Human Development Index at city level (HDI‐M) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and the length of time of population exposure to water fluoridation (time span) with the respective mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF‐T) of schoolchildren in the state, looking at possible inequalities in these associations.Methods:  The HDI–M of 323 cities in the state of Paraná, Brazil, was correlated to the duration of exposure to water fluoridation, calculated in number of days. Correlation between the HDI‐M and the DMF‐T indexes for 12‐year‐old children was also performed.Results:  Correlations were statistically significant, showing that in the cities with a better HDI‐M, water fluoridation had been implemented earlier (squared coefficient correlation of 22%). The fluoridation time span accounted for around 11% of the variance in the DMF‐T indexes of the cities. The correlation indicated that locations with a better HDI‐M had a better DMF‐T, owing to the probable mediating effect of receiving fluoridation earlier. Furthermore, the cost of water fluoridation to benefit the population that has access to this public health measure has been estimated at USD 0.15 per capita/year.Conclusions:  It is possible to conclude that this low‐cost measure is able to improve oral health status in general. Nevertheless, in the Brazilian areas studied, fluoridation seems to reflect existing social development inequalities, as it was first made available in more socially developed areas, thus bearing an influence on their higher DMF‐T performance to date.
Does malocclusion influence the adolescent's satisfaction with appearance? A cross‐sectional study nested in a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Peres Karen Glazer , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Anselmi Luciana , Peres Marco Aurélio , Barros Fernando C. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract – Objectives: To test whether malocclusion had an impact on adolescents’ appearance satisfaction regardless of other physical aspects.Methods: A cross‐sectional study nested in a birth cohort study was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. A random sample of 900 15‐year‐old adolescents was selected. WHO criteria were used to define malocclusion and a questionnaire was administered including self‐reported skin colour and appearance satisfaction. Dental caries were assessed. Height and weight were measured and body mass index calculated. Data concerning gender and socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from the cohort's perinatal study. Adjusted analyses including all confounding variables investigated were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance in order to identify the potential risk factors for appearance dissatisfaction. All analyses were carried out separately by gender.Results: The sample included 867 individuals, 54.1% men. The prevalence of moderate or severe malocclusion was 30.6% (95% CI: 26.5–34.7) among boys, and 32.8% (95% CI: 28.2–37.4) among girls (P = 0.524). Dissatisfaction with appearance was reported by 29.8% of the boys and by 46.5% of the girls (P < 0.001). A positive association between malocclusion and appearance dissatisfaction, controlling for other physical, dental caries and socioeconomic characteristics was observed only in girls [prevalence ratio = 1.4 (1.3–1.7)].Conclusions: Malocclusion is a common condition and is positively associated with appearance dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. The effect of different types of malocclusion on appearance dissatisfaction should be the focus of further investigation.
The influence of type I diabetes mellitus on the expression and activity of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9) in induced periodontal disease
Authors: Silva J. A. F. , Lorencini M. , Peroni L. A. , De La Hoz C. L. R. , Carvalho H. F. , Stach‐Machado D. R. 
Published: July 2007

Background and Objective:  Periodontal disease corresponds to a group of lesions that affect the tooth‐supporting tissues present in the dental follicle. Although bacterial plaque is important, the immune response also contributes to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Diabetes mellitus is closely associated with the development, progression and severity of periodontal disease because it not only affects extracellular matrix organization but also the tissue response to inflammation. The objective of the present investigation was to study the influence of diabetes on experimental periodontal disease by evaluating the degradation of extracellular matrix through the analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 expression and activity, using immunofluorescence, zymography and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Material and Methods:  Wistar rats were divided into normal and diabetic groups and evaluated 0, 15 and 30 d after the induction of periodontal disease by ligature.Results:  MMP‐2 and ‐9 were detected in epithelial cells, in the blood vessel endothelium and in connective tissue cells. The same profile of enzymatic expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 was observed in normal and diabetic animals, with a peak in activity at day 15 of inflammation. However, in diabetic animals, MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity was reduced after the inflammatory stimulus, whereas that of MMP‐9 was increased. MMP‐2 gene expression decreased with inflammation in both normal groups and groups with diabetes. In contrast, MMP‐9 expression increased in normal animals and decreased in diabetic animals after inflammation.Conclusion:  The results suggest the involvement of MMP‐2 and ‐9 in the dynamics of periodontal disease and that variation in their expression levels results in differences in tissue organization and wound healing in normal and diabetic animals.
Imaging of intradermal tattoos by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Morsy Hanan , Mogensen Mette , Thrane Lars , Jemec Gregor B. E. 
Published: July 2007

Background/purpose: Tattoos have become increasingly popular followed by a growing demand for tattoo removal, and yet there is little knowledge and monitoring of tattoo pigment deposition in skin layers. The purpose of this pilot study is to describe optical coherence tomography image characteristics of intradermal tattoos.Methods: We included five black tattoos in 3 female volunteers, 39, 35 and 30 years old. In vivo imaging of tattoo pigments in the skin is possible with optical coherence tomography (OCT), a novel non‐invasive, in vivo optical imaging technology with a resolution and a penetration in skin high enough for visualization of tattoo pigment in the dermis.Results: In optical coherence tomography images tattoo pigments clusters appear as dark, homogenous vertical columns and structures in the papillary dermis. OCT‐scanned normal skin (without tattoos) appeared to be free of this dark structure.Conclusion: We have demonstrated that OCT can be used to visualize clusters of light absorbing pigments in a predictable manner.
Analysis of appositional bone formation using a novel rat experimental model
Authors: Nakajima D , Kamakura S , Nakamura M , Suzuki O , Echigo S , Sasano Y 
Published: July 2007

Aim:  To analyze the process of appositional bone formation using our original rat experimental model.Materials and methods:  Rats were anesthetized and a ring made of polytetrafluorethylene was placed on the parietal bone surface in the surgical procedure. The time course of appositional bone formation was analyzed with histomorphometry and in situ hybridization for type I collagen and bone sialoprotein.Results:  The rat experimental model allowed new bone to be formed on the pre‐existing bone surface and persist for 12 weeks. We demonstrated that bone is apposed actively for the first 4 weeks and less actively thereafter.Conclusions:  The experimental model may contribute to biological analysis for appositional bone formation expected to occur in clinical procedures such as alveolar bone augmentation and sinus lifting.
Neurosyphilis presenting as psychiatric symptoms: an unusual case report
Authors: Mirsal Hasan , Kalyoncu Ayhan , Pektaş Özkan , Beyazyürek Mansur 
Published: July 2007

Objective:Neurosyphilis remains a differential diagnosis for a wide variety of psychiatric syndromes, including dementia, mood disorders and psychosis. However, the incidence of neurosyphilis presenting initially with psychiatric symptomalogy is unclear. In this article, a clinical case is reported so as to illustrate some of the issues involved.Case presentation:A 33-year-old married man was admitted because of a depressive episode associated with somatic preoccupations and a gradual loss of ability to function a year prior to his admission. The symptoms described above raised the question of an organic brain syndrome associated with the psychotic depression. Some laboratory and additional examinations were performed. Serological tests for syphilis were positive for both the hemagglutination test, Treponema pallidum hemaglutination (TPHA), and the immunofluorescent antibody test, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS). Based on these findings, the diagnosis of neurosyphilis was made. The patient was treated with benzathine penicillin (2 400 000 units i.m. once a week) for 3 weeks and venlafaxine (150 mg daily) and olanzapine (5 mg daily). His depression disappeared gradually, and he was discharged in partial remission.Conclusion:High-risk groups such as patients with neuropsychiatric diseases should be screened with serological tests so as to prevent morbidity and help eliminate syphilis.
Three‐dimensional facial morphology following surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate in patients after nasoalveolar molding
Authors: Singh GD , Levy‐Bercowski D , Yáñez MA , Santiago PE 
Published: July 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Singh GD, Levy‐Bercowski D, Yáñez MA, Santiago PEObjective –  To evaluate three‐dimensional (3D) facial morphology in patients surgically corrected for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following pre‐surgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM).Design –  Prospective, longitudinal study. Digital stereophotogrammetry was used to capture 3D facial images, and x, y, and z coordinates of five landmarks were digitized to compute mean morphologies. The sample comprised 15 patients with left UCLP and 10 matched control subjects. Facial form differences at age 37 weeks, using principal components analysis and finite‐element scaling analysis (FESA) were assessed.Results –  Using the first two principal components, which accounted for 63% of the total shape‐change, UCLP and control groups showed similar distributions in the modal space (p > 0.05). For the UCLP group, the mean 3D facial form was smaller and less protrusive when superimposed on the non‐cleft mean. Using FESA, reductions in facial volume were found in the UCLP group, involving the columella (29%), labial tubercle (51%), lower lip (29%) and lateral aspects of the face (19%). The UCLP group also showed increases in size above the tip of the nose (25%) and laterally to the columella directly below the nares (29%).Conclusions –  Following surgical repair of UCLP in patients previously treated with NAM, 3D facial morphology was virtually indistinguishable from the non‐cleft mean. Clinically, the apparent improvement in the facial soft tissues may mask dysmorphic skeletal growth, and further studies are required to characterize the underlying bony changes associated with the soft tissue changes reported here.