bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the emotional eating scale adapted for use in children and adolescents (EES‐C)
Authors: Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Theim Kelly R. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Bassett Allison M. , Burns Noel P. , Ranzenhofer Lisa M. , Glasofer Deborah R. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:Eating in response to negative emotions is associated with binge or loss of control (LOC) eating in adults. Although children report engaging in LOC eating, data on emotional eating among youth are limited.Method:We adapted the adult Emotional Eating Scale (Arnow et al., Int J Eat Disord, 18, 79–90, 1995) to be used with children and adolescents (EES‐C). Fifty‐nine overweight (BMI ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex) and 100 non‐overweight (BMI 5th–94th percentile) participants (mean age ± SD 14.3 ± 2.4 years) completed the EES‐C, and measures of recent LOC eating and general psychopathology. Test‐retest reliability was assessed in 64 children over a 3.4 ± 2.6 month interval.Results:A factor analysis generated three subscales: eating in response to anxiety, anger, and frustration (EES‐C‐AAF), depressive symptoms (EES‐C‐DEP), and feeling unsettled (EES‐C‐UNS). Internal consistency for the subscales was established; Cronbach's alphas for the EES‐C‐AAF, EES‐C‐DEP, and EES‐C‐UNS were 0.95, 0.92, and 0.83, respectively. The EES‐C had good convergent validity: children reporting recent LOC eating episodes scored higher on all subscales (p's < 0.05). The EES‐C‐AAF and EES‐C‐UNS subscales demonstrated good discriminant validity and the EES‐C‐DEP revealed adequate discriminant validity. Intra‐class correlation coefficients revealed good temporal stability for each subscale (EES‐C‐AAF = 0.59, EES‐C‐DEP = 0.74, EES‐C‐UNS = 0.66; p's < 0.001).Conclusion:The EES‐C has good convergent and discriminant validity, and test‐retest reliability for assessing emotional eating in children. Further investigation is required to clarify the role emotional eating may play in children's energy intake and body weight. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Use of total parenteral nutrition in the refeeding of selected patients with severe anorexia nervosa
Authors: Mehler Philip S. , Weiner Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:At present there is no consensus on how to refeed patients with severe anorexia nervosa. In these case reports, we describe two patients beset with gastrointestinal comorbidities which impaired their ability to refeed with a staged oral feeding program. The use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) facilitated their recovery.Method:We present two cases of severe anorexia nervosa, complicated by comorbid gastrointestinal disorders, which precluded them from successful refeeding using oral food calories. The treatment with TPN consisted of using a surgically placed, indwelling tunneled catheter to deliver progressively increased amounts of intravenous calories. This facilitated successful weight restoration.Conclusion:Although most patients with anorexia nervosa should be refed with a dietary program which is based on progressive increases in oral calories, TPN should be judiciously considered for patients with severe anorexia nervosa who also have medical comorbidities which preclude the usage of this standard approach. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Electrochemical Redundant Microsensor Arrays for Glucose Monitoring with Patterned Polymer Films
Authors: Mugweru Amos , Clark Becky L. , Pishko Michael V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRedundant microsensor arrays for glucose sensing were fabricated using photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA) with 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl phenyl‐propanone as photoinitiator to encapsulate the enzyme glucose oxidase. Silicon micro fabrication technologies were used to fabricate microelectrode sensor arrays on flexible polyimide sheets. These microarray sensors were individually addressable as observed using square‐wave voltammetry. Redox polymer, poly[4‐vinylpyridine Os(bipyridine)2Cl]‐co‐ethylamine, was first immobilized on the electrode surface and then glucose oxidase was entrapped in PEG‐DA hydrogels. The redox polymer was found to exchange electrons with glucose oxidase in biocompatible PEG‐DA hydrogels. The entrapped glucose oxidase was found to respond linearly to glucose in solution (0–20 mM) as determined using square‐wave voltammetry.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid at a Poly (4‐(2‐Pyridylazo)‐Resorcinol) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Chen Jinghua , Zhang Jing , Lin Xinhua , Wan Hongyan , Zhang Shaobo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA sensitive and selective electrochemical method for the determination of dopamine (DA) was developed using a 4‐(2‐Pyridylazo)‐Resorcinol (PAR) polymer film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The PAR polymer film modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 4.0). The linear range of 5.0×10−6–3.0×10−5 M and detection limit of 2.0×10−7 M were observed. Simultaneous detection of AA, DA and UA has also been demonstrated on the modified electrode. This work provides a simple and easy approach to selective detection of DA in the presence of AA and UA.
A Compact and Versatile Instrument for Radio Frequency Heating in Nonisothermal Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Wachholz Falko , Gimsa Jan , Duwensee Heiko , Grabow Harald , Gründler Peter , Flechsig Gerd‐Uwe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a novel instrument and electrical circuit for sensitive electrochemical measurements at simultaneous direct electrode heating. The new measuring principle can be applied to working electrodes of various designs featuring two end contacts. In our experiments, the contacts were connected to a 100 kHz AC heating power supply and the potentiostat via the new inductor bridge circuit. A compact heating‐generator housing contains all components necessary for sine wave generation as well as amplification and transformation of the heating power. The new arrangement yields high temperature cyclovoltammetric signals for the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox system with a noise level superior to the earlier symmetrically branched wire electrode designs. Noise and disturbances are dramatically suppressed especially for high resistance electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes. Without a center contact, the working electrode design is greatly simplified. This opens new opportunities for the design of a great variety of heated electrodes that may be arranged in arrays or consist of materials with relatively high resistivity such as carbon and conducting polymers.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Based Real‐Time Organophosphate Detector
Authors: Liu Ningyi , Cai Xianpeng , Lei Yu , Zhang Qing , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Li Changming , Chen Wilfred , Mulchandani Ashok 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based biosensor for real‐time detection of organophosphate has been developed. Horizontally aligned SWNTs are assembled to desirable electrodes using AC dielectrophoresis technique. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) immobilized on the SWNTs by nonspecific binding triggers enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphates (OPs), such as paraoxon, consequently causing a detectable change in the conductance of the SWNTs. The conductance change is found to be correlated to the concentration of organophosphate. Our results suggest the novel biosensor has great potential to serve as a simple and reusable platform of sensing organophosphate on a real‐time basis.
Understanding airborne radiometric survey signals across part of eastern England
Authors: Rawlins B. G. , Lark R. M. , Webster R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA low‐level airborne radiometric survey provides data on the concentrations of gammaemitting elements including potassium (K), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in the upper half metre of the soil. Where weathering has not penetrated much beyond this depth, as in the young soils that cover much of England and Wales, the signal is likely to be related to the soil's clay content and its parent material. In these situations radiometric survey could be valuable for mapping soil digitally.We wished to understand how the radiometric signal relates to parent material and soil geochemistry, and to identify the spatial structure, if not the sources, of any unexplained variation. We analysed the joint spatial variation of the airborne gamma signal and high‐resolution soil geochemical survey data across part of eastern England by modelling their coregionalization. We also usedremlto assess the joint effects of soil geochemistry and parent material on the radiometric signals of K and Th.The overall correlations of radiometric estimates with soil survey data for K and Th were large, as were the structural correlations for components of variation spatially dependent up to 49 and 16 km for K and Th respectively. This suggests that the radiometric signals for these two elements provide effective estimates of the amounts in the soil and their patterns of distribution. Although class of parent material accounted for a third of of the variance in the radiometric K signal, much of the variation within the classes is explained by geochemistry, suggesting that subtler changes can be detected. A larger proportion of the Th signal was accounted for by parent material. This supports our expectation that radiometric signals for K and Th provide information on parent material in the young landscapes of England and Wales. We are therefore confident that airborne radiometric surveys would be useful for making thematic maps of soil, particularly the soil's texture and closely related properties across England and Wales. Copyright © 2007 Natural Environment Research Council. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring streambank erosion due to ground water seepage: correlation to bank pore water pressure, precipitation and stream stage
Authors: Fox Garey A. , Wilson Glenn V. , Simon Andrew , Langendoen Eddy J. , Akay Onur , Fuchs John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLimited information exists on one of the mechanisms governing sediment input to streams: streambank erosion by ground water seepage. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the importance of streambank composition and stratigraphy in controlling seepage flow and to quantify correlation of seepage flow/erosion with precipitation, stream stage and soil pore water pressure. The streambank site was located in Northern Mississippi in the Goodwin Creek watershed. Soil samples from layers on the streambank face suggested less than an order of magnitude difference in vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) with depth, but differences between lateral Ks of a concretion layer and the vertical Ks of the underlying layers contributed to the propensity for lateral flow. Goodwin Creek seeps were not similar to other seeps reported in the literature, in that eroded sediment originated from layers underneath the primary seepage layer. Subsurface flow and sediment load, quantified using 50 cm wide collection pans, were dependent on the type of seep: intermittent low‐flow (LF) seeps (flow rates typically less than 0·05 L min−1), persistent high‐flow (HF) seeps (average flow rate of 0·39 L min−1) and buried seeps, which eroded unconsolidated bank material from previous bank failures. The timing of LF seeps correlated to river stage and precipitation. The HF seeps at Goodwin Creek began after rainfall events resulted in the adjacent streambank reaching near saturation (i.e. soil pore water pressures greater than −5 kPa). Seep discharge from HF seeps reached a maximum of 1·0 L min−1 and sediment concentrations commonly approached 100 g L−1. Buried seeps were intermittent but exhibited the most significant erosion rates (738 g min−1) and sediment concentrations (989 g L−1). In cases where perched water table conditions exist and persistent HF seeps occur, seepage erosion and bank collapse of streambank sediment may be significant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton Conducting Membranes for the High Temperature‐Polymer Electrolyte Membrane‐Fuel Cell (HT‐PEMFC) Based on Functionalized Polysiloxanes
Authors: Jeske M. , Soltmann C. , Ellenberg C. , Wilhelm M. , Koch D. , Grathwohl G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new membrane material has been developed, based on a polysiloxane framework with functional proton conducting groups such as sulfonic acid and heterocyclic groups, e.g., imidazole and benzimidazole, covalently bonded at the siloxane backbone. Sulfonated siloxane based block‐copolymers are used to improve the flexibility of the membranes at high temperatures, up to 180 °C.The new membranes are investigated by measuring their proton conductivity under real conditions, in the temperature range from room temperature to 180 °C in the dry state and at full humidification, using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. The proton conductivities under full humidification are approximately 3 × 10–2 S cm–1. In the dry state the conductivity increases at elevated temperatures and reaches values of 2 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 180 °C. The methanol diffusion coefficients are measured and compared for different membrane materials. They are in the range from 5 to 9 × 10–2 cm2 s–1 for the new type of bifunctional proton conducting polysiloxane membranes.
Cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia with Lewy bodies—a comparative analysis
Authors: Bhasin Mani , Rowan Elise , Edwards Keith , McKeith Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare efficacy of different cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) for treating patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).DesignRetrospective comparison of three independent clinical studies of ChEI treatment using donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine in patients with DLB.MethodData was obtained from open label trials of donepezil and galantamine and a placebo controlled randomized trial of rivastigmine in DLB. Changes in Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS‐III) scores were compared between the three treatments at 12 and 20 weeks.ResultsAll ChEIs significantly improved cognitive and neuropsychiatric measures. Reduction in the total NPI score appeared significantly greater after donepezil treatment. There was no significant increase in UPDRS‐III scores.ConclusionsIt is unclear to what extent these findings reflect true differences between ChEIs or are due to methodological artefacts of comparing different studies. There is so far no compelling evidence that any one ChEI is better than the other in treating DLB but head to head comparative studies of different ChEIs are warranted to clarify this. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An advanced soil moisture accounting procedure for SCS curve number method
Authors: Sahu R. K. , Mishra S. K. , Eldho T. I. , Jain M. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS‐CN) method has been a topic of much discussion, especially in the last three decades. Recently, Michel et al. (2005) pointed out several inconsistencies in the soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure used in the SCS‐CN method and developed a procedure that is more consistent from the SMA viewpoint. However, the model proposed by them does not have any expression for initial soil moisture store level (V0) and hence there is a scope for further improvement. Like the original method, there is sudden jump in V0 and therefore a quantum jump in computed runoff is possible. In the present study, an attempt is made to develop an expression for V0 to make the model a continuous watershed model. Then, the performance of the new model is compared with the model proposed by Michel et al. and the original SCS‐CN model by applying them in a large number of small watersheds in the United States. The present model was found to perform significantly better than both the original SCS‐CN model and the model proposed by Michel et al. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geostatistical interpolation of space–time rainfall on Tamshui River basin, Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Shin‐Jen , Hsieh Huey‐Hong , Wang Yu‐Ming 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTaiwan suffers from heavy storm rainfall during the typhoon season. This usually causes large river runoff, overland flow, erosion, landslides, debris flows, loss of power, etc. In order to evaluate storm impacts on the downstream basin, a real‐time hydrological modelling is used to estimate potential hazard areas. This can be used as a decision‐support system for the Emergency Response Center, National Fire Agency Ministry, to make ‘real‐time’ responses and minimize possible damage to human life and property. This study used 34 observed events from 14 telemetered rain‐gauges in the Tamshui River basin, Taiwan, to study the spatial–temporal characteristics of typhoon rainfall. In the study, regionalized theory and cross‐semi‐variograms were used to identify the spatial‐temporal structure of typhoon rainfall. The power form and parameters of the cross‐semi‐variogram were derived through analysis of the observed data. In the end, cross‐validation was used to evaluate the performance of the interpolated rainfall on the river basin. The results show the derived rainfall interpolator represents the observed events well, which indicates the rainfall interpolator can be used as a spatial‐temporal rainfall input for real‐time hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring change: current trends and future directions in microgenetic research
Authors: Flynn Emma , Siegler Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis special issue is dedicated to research that adopts the microgenetic method in order to investigates change as it is happening. In this commentary we reflect on the diversity of the articles included in this special issue, and examine how the findings from these articles relate to five critical features of change: path, rate, breadth, variability and source. The overarching theme from these findings is that the tidy results reported in cross‐sectional studies are not in fact as tidy as they originally appear. Most important, the untidiness within the data is informative when attempting to explain development and learning. In the second half of this commentary we highlight some current questions relating to the use of the microgenetic method: is the ‘microgenetic method’ a method, a theory, or a philosophy; is change development, learning, or both; what is the relation between microdevelopment and macrodevelopment; and what is the next step for the microgenetic method? Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's performance on and understanding of the balance scale problem: the effects of parental support
Authors: Philips Sharon , Tolmie Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEfforts to integrate accounts of scaffolding with Karmiloff‐Smith's (1992) RR model have produced renewed interest in the language that tutors use to guide activity, since this provides a mechanism by which redescription of learners' representations might be achieved. The present research examined the impact of two forms of parental input, explicit operationalizations of strategies and explanations of principles, on changes in children's performance and understanding across a series of Balance Scale problems. Children aged 6–8 years worked on these at three time‐points, receiving assistance at the first. Relative to controls who received no assistance on these problems, these children showed more rapid gains in the accuracy of attempted solutions, and were unique in exhibiting improvement in explicit understanding. Gains of both types were most pronounced amongst children whose parents focused on verbalizing the weight × distance computations necessary to solve the problems, and on providing explanations of the underlying principle at work. These children showed earlier integration between performance and understanding, and made earlier use of such explanations themselves, the frequency with which they did so being directly related to parental use. The study provides clear evidence that appropriation of tutors' language may be a significant mechanism in representational change, but it also indicates that initial representational level may constrain children's capacity to benefit from this. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of irrigation design schools or how history structures human action
Authors: Ertsen Maurits W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral approaches (“schools”) of irrigation development and design have developed in the last 200 years. Three important schools developed in the context of colonies: the Dutch in the former Netherlands East Indies, the British in former British India and Africa, the French in north‐western Africa. Although circumstances for irrigation changed from colonial to post‐colonial times, irrigation design and management practices in the post‐colonial period remained largely based on colonial approaches. Engineering education is an important mechanism in this process of preference‐guided selection of design solutions. In this contribution irrigation schools are conceptualized as technological regimes, which consist of explicit and implicit rules for irrigation design. The main conclusion is that design options available to modern engineers are the product of a contextualized development and selection process within a colonial context. This does not imply that artefacts from a certain context cannot be a welcome solution for a design problem in another context. A regime conceptualization emphasizes the importance of daily practice and routines as structuring factors in technological development. Recognizing such routine‐based decision‐making processes may not immediately lead to improvements in irrigation system design, but understanding irrigation design processes is a necessary first step to take for such improvement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of drainage systems on the water release rate in the process of drying wheat and corn grain
Authors: Tomić Frane , Krička Tajana , Šimunić Ivan , Petošić Drago , Voća Neven , Jukić Željko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe basic aim of this research is to determine the influence of various types of pipe drainage upon the water release rate in the process of drying wheat and corn kernels grown on a hydromorphic type of soil. The research was conducted during a period of three years (1998–2001). Seven different types of drainage systems were built on pseudogleyic‐gleyic soil (various spacings of drainage pipes with gravel used or not used in the drainage trench above the pipes). Based on soil moisture measurement data (to a soil depth of 60 cm), acquired by means of the gravitational method in the period of vegetation, it is clear that the most favourable humidity occurred on soil with spacing of drainage pipes being 25 m, gravel used, with both cultures. The yield gained also shows that this drainage type is the most favourable. The process of drying the kernels to the storage humidity value took the shortest time with this type of drainage.Results of this research contribute to energy savings in the process of drying wheat and corn crops. Additionally, the results can be used for selecting systems of drainage in dealing with excess water on hydromorphic soil types. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.