bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of SERS activities of gold nanoparticles and gold‐core–palladium‐shell nanoparticles by controlling size and shell thickness
Authors: Fang Ping‐Ping , Li Jian‐Feng , Yang Zhi‐Lin , Li Li‐Mei , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe optimization of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of gold nanoparticles is essential for further enhancing SERS capability in terms of high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility. Recently, we utilized a simple seed‐mediated growth method to synthesize monodisperse Au nanoparticles with controllable size from about 16 to 160 nm, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. These nanoparticles can be easily formed as a uniform thin film on glass carbon or gold substrates with an area larger than 1 mm.2 The nanoparticle film with the size range of 120–135 nm showed the highest SERS activity with the excitation wavelength of 632.8 nm. Using pyridine as the probe molecule, the average enhancement factorcould reach up to 107. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculationwas employed to explain the size‐dependent SERS activity. The optimum‐sized Au nanoparticles were utilized to further prepare Au–Pd core–shell (Au@Pd)nanoparticles in order to greatly enhance the SERS activity of the Pd shell. The enhancement factor of the ultrathin Pd shell was found to be over 5 × 104. Thus the originally low enhancement factor of Pd could be improved substantially. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for T2b advanced gastric cancers: Three Years' experience
Authors: Hur Hoon , Jeon Hae Myung , Kim Wook 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe application of laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is a controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of using LADG application to AGC.MethodsOf 160 patients who underwent LADG with D2 lymphadenectomy between April 2004 and March 2007, 26 patients with stage pT2b were selected and compared to 25 patients of the same stage who underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG) within same period. The comparison was based on the clinicopathologic characteristics, surgical outcome, and follow‐up results.ResultsThere was no significant difference between LADG and ODG groups in most operation results including complication rates (15.4% vs. 16.0%, P = 1.000) except for less average loss of blood (160.0 ml vs. 215.0 ml, P = 0.012) and longer average operating time (255.0 min vs. 190.0 min, P < 0.001) in LADG. Three‐year overall survival rates (88.2% vs. 77.2%; P = 0.246) and disease‐free survival rates (71.4% vs. 53.4%; P = 0.757) were not significantly different in LADG and ODG groups.ConclusionsThe early results of current study suggest that LADG for AGC is technically safe and oncologically feasible. Therefore, LADG should be considered as a curative treatment for AGC not exposed to serosa. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:515–519. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology and Photophysical Properties of Electrospun Light‐Emitting Polystyrene/Poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) Fibers
Authors: Changsarn Sutheerat , Mendez James D. , Weder Christoph , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUltra‐thin fibers, consisting of blends of a PPE derivative and polystyrene, with average diameters ranging from 430 to 1 200 nm, were produced by electrospinning. The electrospinnability was significantly improved by adding pyridinium formate to the spinning solution. FT‐IR spectroscopy was used to confirm the composition of the electrospun fibers and their morphology was probed by SEM. The optical properties of the as‐prepared solutions, pristine and annealed fibers, and corresponding spin‐coated and solution‐cast films were investigated by UV‐vis spectroscopy. A comparison of the PL emission spectra revealed aggregation of PPE molecules in the electrospun materials but the extent of aggregation can be reduced if the materials are annealed above the glass transition temperature.magnified image
Female nudity in print advertising: An analysis of gender differences in arousal and Ad response
Authors: LaTour Michael S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrevious research on the dimensionality of arousal indicates tension arousal is associated with negative feelings and energy arousal is associated with positive feelings. Women were found to generate more tension and negative feelings towards explicit female nudity in print ads than men. Men were more energized and positive in their feelings about such ads. The results have substantial strategic implications.
Transformed rat tracheal epithelial cells exhibit alterations in transforming growth factor‐β secretion and responsiveness
Authors: Steigerwalt Ronald W. , Rundhaug Joyce E. , Nettesheim Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of our studies was to define abnormalities in the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) system of transformed rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells that might cause their abnormal growth behavior. We found that many, but not all, of the transformed cell lines were hyporesponsive or unresponsive to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF‐β1. Scatchard and receptor cross‐linking analyses indicated that loss of TGF‐β1 responsiveness of transformed cells was probably not due to changes in receptor number or affinity, or to changes in expression of the three TGF‐β‐binding protein subtypes. Transformed cells were found to secrete far less TGF‐β‐like activity (<1/10) than primary cells. Cultured normal and transformed RTE cells expressed three TGF‐β1 transcripts of 2.5, 1.9, and 1.4 kb. In contrast, rat kidney tissue, a rat embryo fibroblast cell line, and a rat liver cell line expressed only the typical 2.5‐kb mRNA transcript commonly reported in the literature. In spite of the marked differences in TGF‐α secretion between normal and transformed cells, their levels of TGF‐β1 mRNA expression were similar. This suggests a change in the posttranscriptional regulation of TGF‐β1 expression. TGF‐β2 message was not detected in either normal or transformed RTE cells in culture. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal growth behavior of transformed RTE cells is at least in part due to disturbances of the TGF‐β system.
Rhabdomyosarcoma in infants under one year of age: Experience of the institut Gustave‐Roussy
Authors: Salloum Emile , Flamant Françoise , Rey Annie , Caillaud Jean M. , Friedman Samuel , Valteau Dominique , Lemerle Jean 
Published: October 2008

AbstractForty‐three infants under 1 year of age (median 4 months) with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), representing 11% of all childhood RMS seen over the same period, were treated and followed between 1955 and 1984 at our institute. Compared to the 340 older children (1‐16 years of age), there were no significant differences in male/female ratio, primary site, or clinical stage, but there was a higher frequency of alveolar and poorly differentiated histologic subtypes in infants aged under 1 year (P = 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) and increased frequency of botryoid RMS in older children (P < 0.02). Although children older than 1 year of age had a significantly higher complete remission rate (83% vs. 51%, P < 0.001), their 5 year overall survival (43%) was no different from that of infants under 1 year of age (35%). In the older group there was no survival difference between alveolar (38%) and nonalveolar (44%) histologic subtypes, but in infants younger than 1 year, alveolar subtype had a significantly poorer prognosis (13% vs. 47%, P = 0.01). Management of patients at this age group is difficult and major advances are needed to increase survival rates with a minimum of morbidity.
Permeability of the rhesus monkey oocyte membrane to water and common cryoprotectants
Authors: Karlsson Jens O.M. , Younis Abdelmoneim I. , Chan Anthony W.S. , Gould Kenneth G. , Eroglu Ali 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSuccessful cryopreservation of oocytes of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) would facilitate the use of this valuable animal model in research on reproduction and development, while providing a stepping stone towards human oocyte cryopreservation and the conservation of endangered primate species. To enable rational design of cryopreservation techniques for rhesus monkey oocytes, we have determined their osmotic and permeability characteristics in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol (PROH), three widely used cryoprotectants. Using nonlinear regression to fit a membrane transport model to measurements of dynamic cell volume changes, we estimated the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) and cryoprotectant permeability (Ps) of mature and immature oocytes at 23.5°C. Mature oocyte membranes were most permeable to PROH (Ps = 0.56 ± 0.05 µm/sec) and least permeable to DMSO (Ps = 0.24 ± 0.02 µm/sec); the permeability to EG was 0.34 ± 0.07 µm/sec. In the absence of penetrating cryoprotectants, mature oocytes had Lp = 0.55 ± 0.05 µm/min/atm, whereas the hydraulic conductivity increased to 1.01 ± 0.10, 0.61 ± 0.07, or 0.86 ± 0.06 µm/min/atm when mature oocytes were exposed to DMSO, EG, or PROH, respectively. The osmotically inactive volume (Vb) in mature oocytes was 19.7 ± 2.4% of the isotonic cell volume. The only statistically significant difference between mature and immature oocytes was a larger hydraulic conductivity in immature oocytes that were exposed to DMSO. The biophysical parameters measured in this study were used to demonstrate the design of cryoprotectant loading and dilution protocols by computer‐aided optimization. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 321–333, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms regulating bovine ovarian follicular selection
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Youngquist Robert S. , Garverick H. Allen , Antoniou Eric 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTranscription profiling of ovarian follicles. Understanding the mechanisms by which a single follicle is selected for further ovulation is important to control fertility in mammals. However, development of new treatments is limited by our poor understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating follicular selection. Our hypothesis is that genes involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis are differentially regulated during follicular selection. Our objective was to identify these new genes. Bovine follicles were collected and gene expression levels were measured using microarrays. First, follicles were allocated to three groups, according to the time spent from the initiation of follicular wave to surgery (24 H, 36 H, and 48–60 H). Fifty‐seven genes are differentially expressed at a false discovery rate of 5%. These genes are involved in the control of lipid metabolism (P‐value = 0.0005), cell proliferation (0.007), cell death (0.003), cell morphology (0.003), and immune response (0.003). Follicles were also grouped into four categories, according to the expected time of deviation (early deviation; 8 mm, mid‐deviation; 8.5 mm, late deviation; 9 mm, dominant follicles; ≥10 mm). One hundred and twenty eight genes are differentially expressed between these four groups, including genes involved in cell proliferation (0.00002), cell death (0.0006), cell‐to‐cell signaling (0.003), cell morphology (0.003), lipid metabolism (0.0004), and immune response (0.00007). The expression levels of 10 genes were confirmed using quantitative real time PCR. As expected, we identified new differentially regulated genes involved in the control of cell growth and apoptosis. We also discovered a potential role for immune cells, and in particular macrophages, in follicular selection. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 351–366, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staircase but not posttetanic potentiation in rat muscle after spinal cord hemisection
Authors: MacIntosh Brian R. , Smith Miles J. , Rassier Dilson E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSpinal cord hemisection (SCH) results in atrophy of skeletal muscle and altered contractile properties. In this study our purpose was to assess staircase and posttetanic potentiation in the rat gastrocnemius muscle in situ, 1 week after SCH. Tetanic force was reduced by SCH, but twitch amplitude was not. The time course and magnitude of staircase during stimulation at 5 HZ (for 21 s) was similar in the control, sham‐operated, and SCH groups. However, posttetanic potentiation observed after 100‐, 500‐, and 1000‐ms tetanic (200 HZ) contractions was absent or drastically reduced after SCH. Twitch force increased 44 ± 8.7%, 47 ± 7.4%, and 15 ± 2.8% for the control, sham, and SCH groups, respectively, after the 1000‐ms tetanic contraction. After the 1000‐ms tetanic contraction, twitch active force decreased in all groups and was significantly reduced at 5 min relative to pretetanic twitch. In the control and sham groups, but not SCH, the active force recovered to the pretetanic level by 15 min. Resting regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation was 15.4 ± 2.5% and 10.97 ± 3.3% for the control and SCH groups, respectively. After the 1‐s tetanic contraction, values were 41.6 ± 2.8% and 9.3 ± 2.9%, respectively. The potentiation observed in the SCH animals with 1000‐ms contraction apparently occurred without increases in RLC phosphorylation. One week after SCH there were clear changes in the contractile properties typically associated with prior activation. It is concluded that activity‐dependent potentiation can occur by a mechanism that is independent of RLC phosphorylation, and accelerated fatigue can mask the potentiating effects of prior activity. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Stiff‐person syndrome associated with multiple myeloma following autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Clow Erin C. , Couban Stephen , Grant Ian A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStiff‐person syndrome (SPS) is an immunologically mediated central nervous system disorder that is infrequently associated with malignancy. We report a 31‐year‐old woman who developed SPS after autologous bone marrow transplantation and subsequent interferon treatment for multiple myeloma. Anti–glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti‐GAD) antibody serology was positive. The myeloma remains in remission 10 years posttransplant. SPS has been described in association with lung cancer and breast cancer, thymoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. This is the second report of SPS in a patient with myeloma and the first description of SPS following autologous transplantation. Aberrant immune reconstitution is known to occur following hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. Interferon is also known to augment the immune response posttransplant. We speculate that an aberrant posttransplant immune response may have caused both the SPS and an autologous graft‐versus‐myeloma effect, resulting in prolonged remission posttransplant. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Appreciative inquiry: The why: The what? The how?
Authors: Moore Marian 
Published: October 2008

Abstract‘Appreciative inquiry’ is the study and exploration of what gives life to human systems when they function at their best. This approach to personal change and organizational change is based on the assumption that questions and dialogue about strengths, successes, values, hope, and dreams are in themselves transformational. It is based on the belief that people, individually and collectively, have unique gifts, skills and contributions and that the organizations in which they work are human social systems where, through inquiry and dialogue, people can shift their attention and action away from problem analysis to identify worthy ideals and possibilities for the future. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Stapelfehlerenergie von Gold nach der τIII‐Methode Von
Authors: Ahlees M. , Haasen P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEs wird die Stapelfehlerenergie γ von Gold an 30 Einkristallen nach der τIII‐Methode gemessen. Für 293 °K ergibt sich als Mittelwert γ = 13 erg/cm2 (32 erg/cm2 ≧ γ > 0). Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Meßmethoden verglichen und die Gründe für die große Unsicherheit bei Gold diskutiert. Weitere Verfestigungsparameter von Gold werden mitgeteilt.
Hall Effect in NiO
Authors: Nachman M. , Popescu F. G. , Rutter J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe temperature and magnetic field dependence of the Hall effect in NiO polycrystalline samples, both below and above the Néel temperature (TN), were determined. The main experimental results are the following: (1) below TN the Hall e.m.f. decreases with increasing temperature, (2) above TN the Hall e.m.f. increases exponentially with temperature, (3) below TN the Hall coefficient (RH) decreases with increasing magnetic field and is constant above TN. Since below TN the magnetic properties of NiO have a non‐negligible influence on the Hall effect, the carrier mobility cannot be determined from Hall effect measurements by means of the usual formula in this temperature range. Above TN the mobility calculated in the usual way from RH exhibits an exponential rise with temperature, and this fact indicates that the hopping‐hole mechanism of conduction is dominant.
Electron Spin Resonance of NO in the Irradiated Ba(NO3)2 Single Crystal
Authors: Žďánský K. , Šroubek Z. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractElectron spin resonance measurements are made on a single crystal of Ba(NO3)2 which has been X‐irradiated at 90 °K. The NO32−‐spectrum, with a hyperfine structure arising from a single nitrogen nucleus, is observed at 90 °K. The directions of the principal axes of the g‐tensors and hyperfine tensors and their eigenvalues are determined. The partially resolved super‐hyperfine structure assigned to an interaction with three Ba nuclei is also observed and compared with the super‐hyperfine structure of the NO32−‐spectrum in Pb(NO3)2.
Berechnung des Peierlspotentials im Diamantgitter Von
Authors: Labusch R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEs wird eine erweiterte Form der Variationsmethode von Leibfried und Dietze verwendet, um das Peierlspotential für die Diamantstruktur zu berechnen. Wenn man nur die Wechselwirkung zwischen nächsten Nachbarn berücksichtigt, ist es möglich, das Peierlspotential der wichtigsten Versetzungsarten vollständig durch die Fouriertransformierte des Wechselwirkungspotentials auszudrücken. Es wird eine Methode entwickelt, die das Wechselwirkungspotential an die gemessenen Größen anzupassen gestattet. Ferner wird diskutiert, inwieweit das Peierlspotential durch diese Anpassung bestimmt ist. Als Beispiel wird die Theorie auf Schraubenversetzungen im Ge und Si angewandt. Die erhaltenen Werte für das Peierlspotential werden verwendet, um die Energien für die Kink‐Paarerzeugung zu berechnen. Es zeigt sich, daß sie annähernd dieselben Werte besitzen wie die gemessenen Aktivierungsenergien für die Bewegung von Versetzungen.
Untersuchung über die Gleichgewichtsformen von Zinkeinkristallen Von
Authors: Kaischew R. , Nanev Chr. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEs wird die experimentelle und theoretische Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtsformen von Zinkeinkristallen in Abhängigkeit von der Übersättigung behandelt. Zur Untersuchung des Wachstums der Zinkeinkristalle aus ihrer eigenen Dampfphase wird eine Apparatur beschrieben, die es ermöglicht, störende Keimbildung bei größeren Übersättigungen zu vermeiden. Dadurch war es möglich, eine Übersättigungsschwelle – gemessen als eine Temperaturdifferenz ΔT1= 7,5 ± 0,5 °C zwischen dem wachsenden Einkristall und dem verdampfenden Zinkvorrat – nachzuweisen, oberhalb derer die Flächen {1012} und {1120} in der Gleichgewichtsform nicht mehr auftreten. Dieses Versuchsergebnis wird vom Standpunkt der Kristallwachstumstheorie nach Stranski und Kaischew diskutiert. Man erhält unter der Annahme, daß die Bindungsenergie zwischen den Bausteinen des Kristallgitters eine Potenzfunktion des reziproken Atomabstandes ist, als Exponentndieser Funktion. den Wert 7,5 ± 0,3. Mit diesem Wert wird die Temperaturdifferenz ΔT2= 2,1 ± 0,3 °C berechnet, unterhalb welcher in der Gleichgewichtsform des Zinks noch zusätzlich die Flächen {1121} und {1122} erscheinen müssen.
Exciton and Low‐Energy Interband Structures in SrO and BaO
Authors: Kearney R. J. , Cottini M. , Grilli E. , Baldini G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOptical reflectivity data are given in the energy region 3.5 to 10 eV on freshly cleaved single crystals of SrO and BaO. The main exciton structures are interpreted in terms of two different k‐space excitations one at the zone center, the other at the edge X. Also fine structure near the SrO exciton doublet is observed.
Hartree‐Fock Calculation of Point Defects in Li Clusters
Authors: Stoll H. , Preuss H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSCF‐MO‐Lcgo calculations have been performed for Li35 clusters of b.c.c.‐structure. The introducing of vacancies and Be‐impurities, respectively, and the relaxation of the neighbour atoms are discussed. Reasonable agreement is found between the energy for complete removal of an inner cluster atom and the experimental formation energy of a vacancy in solid Li.
Temperature Dependence of the Absorption Edge in Crystalline and Vitreous As2S3
Authors: Zakis J. R. , Fritzsche H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOptical absorption below and near the interband absorption edge has been measured from helium temperatures up to the molten state of As2S3 Irreversible changes in absorption below the band edge suggest that heating above 530 K produces defect states in crystalline As2S3. The exponential absorption tail and thus the absorption edge is temperature independent t o about 200K. Between 300 and 400K it decreases a t a rate of about 1.6 × 10−3, eV/K. This temperature dependence is predominantly caused by electron‐phonon interaction.
Model for Brillouin Scattering in Amorphous Solids
Authors: Martin A. J. , Brenig W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn elastic continuum model is presented for Brillouin scattering by an amorphous solid. The assumption that light scatters on distorted plane wave acoustic phonons leads to the prediction that the scattered intensity plotted as a function of the frequency transfer Ωo consists of the usual Brillouin peaks plus a background which, a t room temperature, goes like Ωo; for small Ωo, but rises less steeply for larger Ωo, and may even bend over within the range of the validity of the model, depending on the correlation lengths for spatial fluctuations due to disorder and on the speeds of sound. For the case of a‐Si, additional results are obtained with the help of existing experimental measurements.
Existence and Binding Energy of the Excitonic Ion
Authors: Munschy G. , Stébé B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt is shown that the excitonic ion should be stable for any value of the electron to hole effective mass ratio u. An accurate calculation of the binding energy is also performed, in excellent agreement with the values previously obtained in the limiting cases σ = 0 and σ = 1. In particular, the involved binding energy in copper halides is large enough to lead to an observable effect.
Bulk models of solar radiation at sea
Authors: Dobson Fred W. , Smith Stuart D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith a view to improving climate prediction, we test various models for estimating solar radiation at sea from standard meteorological surface observations against long series of radiation measurements at several Ocean Weather Stations and at an offshore island meteorological station. The widely‐used Budyko formula is found to err by up to 32% in estimating long‐term mean insolation, and has even larger errors in reproducing seasonal variations. Various models which estimate solar radiation from solar elevation and from hourly cloud amount and type, using empirical or simple physical formulae, are evaluated. None of these models estimate mean insolation better than an existing formula which relies only on noon solar elevation and daily mean cloud amount, although the hourly models do reproduce seasonal, monthly and daily variations better. None of the formulae using standard surface observations is able to achieve the 10 Wm−2 accuracy in long‐term mean insolation which is required for climate prediction.