bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Glomus Tumors: Recognition and Diagnosis
Authors: Macedo D'Acri Antonio , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia , Basílio‐de‐Oliveira Carlos , Cerqueira Ana , Monteiro Daniela , Pretti Giovana , Longo Cristiana , Monteiro Érica 
Published: June 2007

Background. Glomus tumor is a benign neoplasm of uncommon occurrence in daily practice, more frequently observed as a single painful lesion, at the distal phalanges of the fingers. Multiple presentation is very rare, with fewer than 200 reports, usually presenting as small angiomatous lesions with discrete pain.
Objectives. The study's objective was to analyze the epidemiologic, clinical, therapeutic, and histopathologic aspects in a series of six cases of multiple glomus tumors.
Results. All patients were men, between 12–45 years of age. The tumor was congenital or appeared between 3–25 years of age. The clinical picture oscillated between three to 10 lesions, as macules, nodules, or tumors, with colors varying from bluish, brown‐bluish, violet, to normochromic. The lesions were detected in the trunk and one or more members, not affecting the head, hands, and feet. Pain was discrete or absent. Incisional biopsy for histopathologic evaluation with the hematoxylin‐eosin staining confirmed the diagnosis of glomus tumor in all cases. It showed the characteristic glomus cells and vascular spaces. The complete excision of the tumorous plaque was performed in one patient and a complex corrective procedure is still to be performed for one aberrant tumor in another case. The other patients received advice about their disease and were asked to periodically return.
Conclusion. Because this is a very uncommon illness, the present series allowed the demonstration of the wide variety of epidemiologic and clinical aspects described in the literature, with the presentation of elements that may improve its recognition and diagnosis.
Patterns of Chronic Dermatoses in an Ethiopian Central Teaching Hospital: A Histopathologic Approach
Authors: Bezabih Mesele 
Published: June 2007

Background. This study was designed to describe the causes and distributional patterns of chronic infective‐parasitic dermatoses.
Methods. A histology‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted for the years between January 1985 and December 1998 within the Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Department of Pathology, Addis Ababa University. The data were retrieved from the department's archives and all dermatologic cases fulfilling bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic etiologies were included in the study. Formalin fixed, and paraffin embedded tissues were stained with the routine hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure and visualized under light microscopy.
Results. Out of 162 cases of chronic specific infective‐parasitic dermatoses diagnosed, the mean ages for men and women were 31.5 (SD, 16.6) and 25.1 (SD, 14.3) years respectively and the peak age group was 20–29 years (30.2%). Moreover, the ratio of men to women was 1.1:1. The most commonly diagnosed dermatosis was wart (38.9%), followed by cutaneous tuberculosis (17.9%), and cutaneous leishmaniasis (14.2%). The most frequently involved region was the lower limb (46.3%), followed by the face (23.5%).
Conclusion. This study tried to surface the frequency distribution of the histopathologically‐proven dermatoses that are prevalent in our part of the world. The lower limbs being the most frequent sites of dermatoses, their predisposing factors need to be addressed in our communities in order to lessen the effects of these dermatoses. This study may act as a baseline for similar investigations that may be undertaken in the future.
Regionally Differential Effects of Sennoside A on Spontaneous Contractions of Colon in Mice
Authors: Kobayashi Michiko , Yamaguchi Taketo , Odaka Takeo , Nakamura Tomonori , Tsuchiya Shizuko , Yokosuka Osamu , Yano Shingo 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:  Sennosides, the most popular irritant laxatives, cause purgative actions in the intestine through biotransformation to rhein anthrone; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to define colonic motor actions of sennoside A with special reference to purgative action. Mice received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg sennoside A, and the colon was removed about 6 hr later. Contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles were recorded using an isometric force transducer and a pressure transducer, respectively. In longitudinal muscle preparations, spontaneous contractions were augmented in distal colon compared to control. In circular muscle preparations, contractions were reduced in the proximal colon, but increased in the distal colon. Particularly in the proximal colon, the frequency of high‐amplitude contraction was reduced. In the control group, non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic treatment decreased the amplitude of contractions in the proximal colon, but not in the distal colon. In the sennoside A group, non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic treatment only slightly depressed the amplitude of contractions in the proximal and distal colon. To confirm a causal relationship between luminal prostaglandin level and purgative action of sennoside A, the mice were treated with indomethacin. Significant changes induced by sennoside A were attenuated by indomethacin treatment. The present study indicates that spontaneous motility is inhibited by sennoside A in the proximal colon, but accelerated in the distal colon, and that effects are associated with luminal prostanoid level and only partially with cholinergic nerve mediation.
Effect of Umbelliferone on Tail Tendon Collagen and Haemostatic Function in Streptozotocin‐Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ramesh Balakrishnan , Pugalendi Kodukkur Viswanathan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:   Diabetes mellitus is known to affect collagen in various tissues. Umbelliferone (7‐hydroxycoumarin), a natural antioxidant and benzopyrone, is found in golden apple (Aegle marmelos Correa) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium). Plant‐derived phenolic coumarins have been shown to act as dietary antioxidants. In this study, we have investigated the influence of umbelliferone on collagen content and its effects on the tail tendon in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats. Male albino Wistar rats (180–200 g) were made diabetic by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were treated with umbelliferone for 45 days. Diabetic rats had increased glucose and decreased insulin levels. Tail tendons of diabetic rats had increased total collagen, glycation and fluorescence, and decreased levels of neutral, acid and pepsin‐soluble collagens. We have studied the effect of umbelliferone on haemostatic function because umbelliferone is also a coumarin derivative like the anticoagulant, warfarin. Diabetic rats had a significant decrease in prothrombin, clotting and bleeding time, and treatment with umbelliferone made these parameters almost normal. Our results show that umbelliferone controls glycaemia and has a beneficial effect on collagen content and its properties, i.e. collagen related parameters, in the tail tendon, which indicates recovery from the risk (recovery of animals from the risk of complications) of collagen‐mediated diabetic polyneuropathy and diabetic nephropathy.
Maternal Fever and Neonatal Depression: Preliminary Observations
Authors: Perlman Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2007

The objectives of this study were to determine in term infants: (1) the importance of maternal fever (maternal temperature >38° C) as a risk factor for neonatal depression and (2) the clinical course of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) born to mothers with fever. For 2 years, 59 (0.24%) of 25,000 term infants had a 5-minute Apgar score ≤5 and 22 (0.08%) infants were administered chest compressions with or without epinephrine as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the delivery room. The perinatal event most commonly associated with a 5-minute Apgar score ≤5 was maternal fever in 19 infants (32%), with meconium + fetal heart rate (FTHR) abnormalities in 15 (25%), and FTHR abnormalities only in 13 (22%), additional associations (n=13). By stepwise linear regression analysis, a 5-minute Apgar ≤5 was related only to the initial infant temperature (p=0.009, r=0.33). Maternal fever noted in six infants (27%) was also commonly associated with CPR, as was the presence of meconium + FTHR abnormalities in seven (32%), and FTHR abnormalities only in four (18%). One hundred thirteen (7.5%) of the approximately 1,500 term infants born to mothers with maternal fever were admitted to the NICU. In addition to fever, the labor was complicated by meconium (in 16 infants), meconium + FTHR abnormalities (in 19 infants), and FTHR abnormalities only (in 11 infants). Resuscitative interventions in the delivery room included oxygen only in 43 infants, bag and mask ventilation in 38, continuous positive airway pressure in 10, intubation in 16, and CPR in six infants. Forty-nine infants (43%) had an initial temperature >38°C including 13 (11I%) with an initial temperature >39°C. Twelve (10%) infants remained intubated on admission and five required ventilator support >24 hours. One blood culture was positive although all mothers were pretreated with antibiotics. One infant developed hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy including seizures.
A Concise Guide to Coffee from seedling to Cup
Authors: Durocher Joseph F. 
Published: June 2007

The coffee break has become an integral part of the American work day; for many individuals, the aroma of a specific variety of coffee evokes memories of student life and late nights studying for exams; when we wish to visit with friends, we invite them over—or out—for a cup of coffee. In short, coffee has become a firmly entrenched part of our daily lives. But how much do you know about this common beverage —where it comes from, how it is processed, the factors that affect the price you pay? Offered here are an overview of the coffee industry and some useful guidelines for preparing better coffee in your own operation.
Environmental Security: The Search for Strategic Legitimacy
Authors: Foster Gregory D. 
Published: June 2007

Environmental security-the intersection of environmental conditions and security affairs-is a subject that increasingly demands the attention of those concerned with relations between the armed forces and society. It is at the heart of new, more comprehensive post-Cold War conceptions of security that could fundamentally redefine the essence of military establishments. It is also central to societal well-being and the attendant public trust and confidence in the institutions of government that ultimately determine the efficacy of the state. There is growing acceptance today of the link between the environment and security. However, two issues continue to divide scholars and practitioners alike and thereby undermine the legitimacy of the subject: the definition of the phrase and the causal relationship between the environment and security. Definitionally, the very nature of the subject forces a new degree of attention to the linkage between individual (human) security and national, regional, and global security. On the other hand, the suggestion that conflict may be caused-or at least prefigured-by environmental conditions lies at the heart of most disagreements on the subject and thus on its integral importance to the field of security affairs. What seems clear is that environmental conditions must be viewed in conjunction with associated economic and political factors. It may turn out that there is a masking phenomenon at work by which ostensibly political and economic precipitants of violence and unrest actually mask underlying environmental sources of discontent. By the same token, increasing attention must be given to autocatalytic events (such as natural disasters) that feed and feed off environmental degradation. Recognizing the existence and prevalence of these sorts of conditions and relationships is a challenge that will test the intellectual mettle of analysts and policymakers in the world that lies before us.
Evolutionary Biology and Ideology: Then and Now
Authors: Young Robert M. 
Published: June 2007

This paper was presented at a conference on 'The Social Impact of Modern Biology', organized by the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science in London, 26-28 November 1970. It will appear in the volume of conference proceedings edited by Watson Fuller—to be published on 21 May 1971 by Routledge & Kegan Paul as The Impact of Modern Biology (hard cover £1.75, paperback £0.50)—and is reprinted by kind permission. Because of the interest it aroused at the time, and the way in which it drew on material from several academic disciplines, we are taking the unusual step of reproducing the paper here so that readers may have the advantage of the extended bibliographical and discursive footnotes, which will not be included in the conference proceedings. The paper was designed basically for an audience of scientists who were assumed to have no knowledge of recent literature on social and historical aspects of science. Dr Young is himself active within the history and philosophy of science, and is working towards a closer relationship with relevant studies in sociology and social anthropology. He makes no claim to a comprehensive knowledge of all the related background literature, nor to having provided here an exhaustive bibliography. This paper is in the nature of a report of work and thought in progress, and a provisional sketch of an emerging point of view. Discussion, criticism and elaboration of the paper's contents, in the form of Notes or Letters, will be welcomed.
Anatomical and physiologic characteristics to predict football ability
Authors: Arnold James A. , Brown Barry , Micheli Ralph Peter , Coker Tom P. 
Published: June 2007

In a prospective study of 56 scholarship players at the Univer sity of Arkansas in 1976, 14 anatomical and physiologic mea surements were carried out on each of the 56 players, to include certain orthopaedic strength, power, and balance tests, and compared to the coaches' subjective ratings of football ability in an effort to determine which characteristics best correlate to the athlete's true performance. The correlation matrix for the criterion measure and the predictor variables of selected anatomical strength, balance, and power measures are presented, and the results of the study indicate that genu varum (0.445) and tibial torsion (—0.33) had the highest correlation with the coaching criterion variable. The average tibial torsion was 42.6 for these scholarship ath letes, while normal average tibial torsion among a nonscholar ship group was 27.40 degrees. Other anatomical characteristics measured, as well as strength and power measure, could not reach the critical level of ±0.263 to be significant at the 0.05 level, although horsepower was close (0.255). The Margaria- Kalamen power test was significantly related to the 40-yard dash, and a moderately good measure of football ability.
Flexibility and musculoskeletal symptomatology in female gymnasts and age-matched controls
Authors: Kirby R.L. , Simms F.C. , Symington V.J. , Garner J.B. 
Published: June 2007

Sixty competitive female gymnasts and 35 age- matched nonathletic controls were interviewed for musculoskeletal symptoms and examined for flexibil ity. A significantly greater number of gymnasts (P < 0.01) had musculoskeletal symptoms in the wrist, low back, hip, shin, and foot regions than did the controls. The average number of symptomatic regions per sub ject was significantly greater ( P < 0.001) in gymnasts (6.17) than in controls (2.25). Gymnasts had greater shoulder flexion and horizon tal abduction, lumbar flexion, hip extension, and toe- touching abilities ( P < 0.001). Controls surpassed gymnasts only in the extent of elbow supination (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in lum bar, knee or elbow extension. No statistically signifi cant correlations in flexibility between different body regions were identifiable in gymnasts or controls. The gymnasts with low back discomfort had greater toe- touching ability than those without symptoms. No other consistent and significant relationships between symptomatology and flexibility in a region were found.
Intraarticular iliotibial band reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency
Authors: Yost J.G. , Chekofsky K. , Schoscheim P. , Nolan Patricia , Slovin Helaine , Norman Scott W. 
Published: June 2007

Intraarticular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by transferring the distal aspect and insertion of the iliotibial band has been clinically successful. Our surgical technique theoretically retains normal neurovascular supply, and thus, the potential for dy namic repair exists. Thirty-five patients, 28 men and 7 women, underwent this reconstruction. The average age was 24 years, with a range from 18 to 46. There were 27 chronic and 8 acute injuries. Pathological findings included an absent anterior cruciate (14 knees), severe stretching (13), failed reconstruction or repair (4), midportion tears (3), and avulsion (1). Postoperative patients were evaluated according to the Kennedy criteria. An anterior drawer of 2+ was not observed in any patient. There were no cases of 2+ rotary instability, and no pivot shifts. The possibil ity of a dynamic or proprioceptive repair was assessed by electromyography. While no evidence of electrical activity was recorded on the gluteus maximus on 60 normal knee examinations, all 10 tested postoperative iliotibial band patients had electrical activity. The failed results of the series showed no evidence of activity.
A retrospective study of gymnastics injuries to competitors and noncompetitors in private clubs
Authors: Lowry Cathy Benton , Leveau Barney F. 
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the num ber and types of injuries which occur to competitive and noncompetitive gymnasts in private clubs. Sec ondary purposes were to determine which events were most hazardous, and whether or not the ratio between participant and instructor, the availability of safety equipment, and the conditioning programs used af fected the injury rate. The data show that gymnastics has a high injury rate for competitors, but a low injury rate for noncom petitors. The level of competition seems to be the most important factor related to rate of injury.
The Elmslie-Trillat procedure: Evaluation in patellar dislocation and subluxation
Authors: Brown David E. , Alexander A. Herbert , Lichtman David M. 
Published: June 2007

The Elmslie-Trillat procedure for correction of patello femoral malalignment was evaluated in 27 knees in 22 patients with an average followup of 42 months (mini mum of 24 months). Preoperative and postoperative pain and activity levels were recorded for all knees. The quadriceps angle was recorded in 22 knees preopera tively and in 19 knees postoperatively. Good or excel lent results were obtained in 81% overall and in 91 % of those knees with patella alta. The postoperative quadriceps angle (Q-angle) correlated with the result. Correction of 10° or less was always associated with a good or excellent result. In contrast, all patients with a fair or poor result had Q-angles of 15° or greater. The preoperative Q-angle did not correlate with the eventual result. We concluded that inadequate medial displacement of the anterior tibial tuberosity may lead to unsatisfac tory results and that this may be avoided by intraoper ative measurement of the Q-angle; that significant distal advancement of the tibial tuberosity is not required in patella alta; and that correction of the Q-angle to 10° or less correlates with a good or excellent result from the Elmslie-Trillat procedure for treatment of patella subluxation and dislocation.
Prophylaxis and management of hamstring muscle injuries in intercollegiate football players
Authors: Heiser Thomas M. , Weber Jerry , Sullivan George , Clare Patrick , Jacobs Rae R. 
Published: June 2007

Hamstring muscle strains were responsible for the loss of playing time of a significant number of football players at the University of Nebraska in the early 1970s. After the acquisition of a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer, the number of injuries was noted to decrease. A retro spective study was performed over the period 1973 to 1982. Players in Group I, from 1973 to 1977, underwent a training program consisting of a supervised winter run ning program and self-designed year-long stretching, running, and weight lifting. Hamstring injuries were managed with rest, ice, and elevation initially and, by the third day, mild running was instituted. On the av erage, by the 14th day the athlete had demonstrated adequate speed and agility and was allowed to return to action. Group II consisted of players from the 1978 to 1982 period. These players received supervised winter running programs and staff-designed year-long stretching, running, and weight lifting programs. In ad dition, all athletes had baseline testing of hamstrings and quadriceps. Deficits were corrected to a desired ratio of 0.60. Injured players in Group II were treated with rest, ice, and elevation initially. High speed isoki netic workouts were begun on the third day with testing on the fifth day. They were allowed to begin jogging when the peak torque of hamstrings equaled 70% of baseline. Players returned to action when peak-torque reached a level of 95% of the baseline score or a hamstrings:quadriceps ratio of 0.55 or greater. Average time out of action was 2 weeks. Group I consisted of 534 player-years. There were 41 primary hamstring injuries with 13 recurrences. Group II consisted of 564 player-years. There were six primary hamstring injuries with no recurrences. It is concluded that isokinetic testing and rehabilita tion of muscle imbalances can prevent hamstring strains. Also, isokinetic testing of hamstring muscle injuries can prevent recurrences by ensuring the athlete has regained near-normal muscle strength before re turning to action. Isokinetic rehabilitation of injured mus cle can stimulate it to heal with higher tensile strength during the critical healing period resulting in less like lihood of recurrence.
Anomalous muscle in the leg: Soleus accessorium
Authors: Percy E.C. , Telep G.N. 
Published: June 2007

In the last 4 years we have had the opportunity to investigate an anomalous muscle mass on the medial aspect of the distal leg of three young athletes. A review of the clinical literature has revealed only nine reported cases of a similar muscle mass in this area. Surgical exploration was carried out in each of our three cases with relief of symptoms in two of the cases following decompression of the overlying fascial sheath. We believe this muscle to represent the soleus ac cessorius and its presence, which may be rare. The presence of this muscle should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a symptomatic or asymptomatic mass of the posteromedial aspect of the distal leg. Surgical exploration and fascial release is recom mended.
Negative bone scans in impending tibial stress fractures
Authors: Milgrom C. , Chisin R. , Giladi M. , Stein M. , Kashtan H. , Margulies J. , Atlan H. 
Published: June 2007

Three highly motivated military recruits who presented with tibial pain on exertion are reported. Their initial bone scan assessments to rule out stress fracture were normal, and the recruits were returned to demanding training. One month later, because of persistent and increasing tibial pain, they were rescanned and focal activity representative of tibial stress fractures was found in each case. Until now it has been assumed that a negative bone scan ruled out a stress fracture unequivocally. Our reported cases show that bone pain may in fact precede scintigraphic evidence of a stress fracture. Persistent and increasing bone pain during demanding physical activity, even in the presence of a prior normal bone scan, may represent stress fracture and repeat bone scan may be indicated.