bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of screening technologies for transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases
Authors: Gupta Vidushi , Meena Seema Kumari , Patidar Gopal Kumar , Hazarika Anjali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Ensuring the safety of blood supply relies on robust screening and donor selection processes. This study assessed the technical performance of automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (EVOLIS, Bio-Rad, France) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (COBAS 6000 e601 and COBAS e411, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) in detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective data of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) screening test results were collected from blood center records, encompassing two phases: January 2020 to May 2020 (phase 1) and March 2021 to April 2021 (phase 2). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ELISA and ECLIA were calculated. Performance evaluation was conducted using the Youden’s index and the kappa coefficient.

RESULTS:
The study included a total of 824, 755, and 830 donor samples in phase 1 and 1237, 1238, and 1236 donor samples in phase 2 for HIV, HBV, and HCV testing, respectively. High agreement (kappa 0.88, 0.95) existed between ELISA and COBAS e601 for HIV and HBV, with substantial agreement (kappa 0.66) for HCV. Likewise, substantial agreement (kappa 0.66, 0.79, 0.79) was found between ELISA and COBAS e411 for all three parameters HIV, HBV and HCV, respectively. Notably, nearly all false-positive samples detected by ECLIA had low cutoff index values ranging from 1 to 6.5.

CONCLUSION:
The differences in sensitivity and specificity contribute to the discrepancy observed between various serological testing platforms, such as ELISA and ECLIA, for TTI testing. Specifically, low signal/cutoff ratios ≤6.5 obtained with ECLIA are highly indicative of false-positive results.
A rare case of a pharyngeal-cervical- brachial variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Kumari Supriya , Pandey Prashant , Marik Arghyadeep , Mandal Saikat , Gupta Manish , Kumar Praveen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, usually symmetrical, and typically de myelinating polyneuropathy, characterized by progressive, ascending paralysis and areflexia, with or without abnormal sensory function. Therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE) was the first therapeutic modality to impact the disease favorably, and several major randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have confirmed its efficacy. Our case is unique, as this critically ill patient admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU), developed a rare form of GBS, the PCB variant of the disease, and was successfully treated with TPE. The diagnosis of PCB can be challenging due to atypical clinical features but its unique presentation does provide sufficient clues to narrow the differential diagnosis, which is helpful in starting empirical therapy at the earliest. Immunomodulation with plasma exchange and IVIG have been found to improve treatment outcomes; 70%–80% of patients usually have a complete recovery. Early diagnosis is very important in the case of the PCB variant of GBS to enable timely intervention. Diagnosis can be made on history and neurological findings alone.
Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in treatment of the hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Kakkar Brinda , Palnitkar Sachin , Gadhikar Harshal , Ketkar Sanjiv , Bhagwat Sanjana , Kanani Yash , Oswal Chetankumar , Akole Prasad Vasant , Gadge Suresh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is associated with a more severe clinical course than acute pancreatitis due to other etiologies. Presently, these patients are managed with dietary restrictions, analgesia, lipid-lowering agents, insulin/heparin dual therapy, and supportive care to prevent organ failure. Apart from these conventional therapies, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is another potential treatment that is being performed as it results in rapid reduction in serum triglycerides and inflammatory cytokines, thus, leading to drastic improvements in clinical and laboratory findings and patient outcomes. Here, we report our experience of using TPE for HTG-AP in our patients.
A case of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell in a paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patient from a COVID-positive donor: Managing the unpreventable
Authors: Chowdhry Mohit , Singh Prachi , Lekshmi S Minu , Thakur Uday Kumar , Seth Shishir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired disease caused by clonal expansion of one or more hematopoietic stem cell lines due to a somatic mutation of the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor gene. Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvest is a high-risk procedure and the major concern was regarding the development of COVID infection in the recipient. Herein, we describe an inevitable case of PBSC harvest in a PNH patient who was already started on myeloablation and where the donor became positive 1 day before the harvest. Considering the risk–benefit ratio and the need for elaborate arrangements, the initial plan for bone marrow harvesting was changed to PBSC, and hence, the harvest was performed in a COVID-designated unit. No features of graft versus host disease (GVHD) were observed in the patient. The patient was examined for signs and symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and there was no evidence of any infection after the procedure. The weekly analysis of the same was done for 1 month after PBSC and the SARS-CoV-2 status remained negative. The authors opine that PBSC from SARS-CoV-2 can be performed safely in some unpreventable situations.
How to define heart failure in 2024 – A critical appraisal
Authors: Singh Alok Kumar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Heart failure (HF) is not a single disease, but a rather clinical syndrome of varied etiology, pathogenesis, and different clinical presentation. This makes defining HF more difficult than diseases that have a pathologic gold standard for diagnosis, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer. No textbook definition of HF till date appears to cover the whole spectrum of HF. To fill the gap, all international HF societies came up with a universal definition of HF, which was published in 2021. This definition has been recommended to be used in clinical practice as well as for trial purposes. In this document, I will review the limitations of older textbook definitions of HF and how the newer universal definition of HF has filled the gap in previous textbook definitions.
Association between multimorbidity and cognitive decline in the elderly population of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlHarkan Khalid S. , Aldhawyan Adam F. , Bahamdan Ahmed S. , Alqurashi Yousef D. , Aldulijan Fajar A. , Alsamin Sarah I. , Alotaibi Jood K. , Alumran Arwa K. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cognitive decline affects the quality of life, and dementia affects independence in daily life activities. Multimorbidity in older adults is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. This research aims to study the relationship between cognitive decline and multimorbidity in the elderly population in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional research was conducted from July to October 2022 among adults over 60 years. All patients with two or more comorbidities were contacted for a face-to-face interview and cognitive testing to estimate cognitive function by trained family physicians using St. Louis University Mental State Examination. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to test for statistical significance. Binary logistic regression was used to show the odds of having cognitive impairment and multimorbidity. All tests were performed at 5% level of significance.

RESULTS:
The study involved 343 individuals; majority (74.1%) aged 60-75 years and were males (67.9%). Hypertension, diabetes, and chronic pain were reported by 56%, 48%, and 44% participants, respectively. Thirty percent participants had 3 or more comorbidities. About 36% had mild neurocognitive disorder and 31.2% had dementia. The results showed that age, gender (female), diabetes, stroke, chronic pain, and multimorbidity were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. In our study, hypertension, coronary artery diseases, depression, and anxiety were not significantly associated with risk of cognitive decline.

CONCLUSION:
Our study found that multimorbidity is significantly associated with cognitive decline. Controlling comorbidities and preventing risk factors in midlife could help in delaying the progression of the disease.
Cognitive function and work resilience of healthcare professionals: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Amer Shaimaa A. A. M. , Fouad Ahmed M. , El-Samahy Mohamed , Anan Maha , Saati Abdullah A. , Sarhan Anas A. , Alalfy Samar A. , Tawfik Mirella Y. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) face a variety of work-related stressors that have impact on their mental health and cognitive performance. Work resilience is a psychological resource that helps workers cope with stress and prevents unfavorable psychological impact. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between working as HCPs and cognitive function as well as work resilience.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among HCPs at Suez Canal University Hospital in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during April 2023 to August 2023. Two hundred and thirty-five HCPs and 107 administrative employees (Admins) were invited to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and other relavent data. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination test; work resilience was assessed with the Brief Resilience Scale; and psychological distress was measured with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21-items (DASS-21) scale. Statistical significance was determined by Mann Whitney U-test for continuous variables, and Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact, as appropriate, for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to determine associations between the main outcomes (cognitive impairment and low resilience) and the main covariate (working as HCPs vs. Admins), adjusting for all potential confounders.

RESULTS:
HCPs showed a significantly greater cognitive impairment, less resilience, and DASS-21 than the Admins. The odds of impaired cognitive function in HCPs were significantly higher than the Admins (odds ratio [OR]: 4.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–15.67, P = 0.020), adjusted for all potential covariates. Similarly, the odds of low resilience in HCPs were significantly higher than Admins (OR: 5.81, 95% CI: 2.72–12.44, P < 0.001), adjusted for all potential covariates. However, the adjusted association between impaired cognitive function and low resilience was not statistically significant (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.23–1.33, P = 0.185).

CONCLUSION:
HCPs had significantly impaired cognitive function and low work resilience. Workplace policies and interventions to control depression, stress, and anxiety are required as it is the encouragement of physical activity. Programs that combine positive coping skills training (e.g., relaxation training, positive thinking, and problem solving) with resilience-building interventions (e.g., taking a proactive approach to solving problems, being flexible and adaptive) should be developed, with special attention to HCPs who have a higher sense of self-efficacy.
Comparative evaluation of clinical success of Stainless Steel and Bioflx crowns in primary molar – A 12 month split mouth prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Patil Amol Suresh , Jain Mukul , Choubey Shikha , Patil Madhuri , Chunawala Yusuf 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess and compare the clinical outcomes of Bioflx crowns (BFCs) with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in primary molars (PMs).

Materials and Methods:
This prospective split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between March 2022 and June 2023. Thirty-eight patients (17 females and 21 males) with a mean age of 5.21 years participated in this study. Each child (n = 38) received both SSC and BFC. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months using the modified United States Public Health System scoring criteria to evaluate various parameters.

Results:
At the 3 and 6 months’ follow-up, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, at 1-year follow-up, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was evident in the frequency between the two groups for the criteria of crown retention after cementation and anatomic form of the crown, indicating a preference for SSC over prototype 1 BFC.

Conclusion:
The 12-month results indicate that BFC performed similarly to the established SSC for the restoration of PMs providing better esthetics.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency as a diagnostic factor of diabetes mellitus: An original study
Authors: Sharma Prachi R. , Vasavada Dharmesh G. , Phulari Rashmi G. S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common genetic disorders affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. Several recent studies have reported a relationship between G6PD deficiency and the incidence of diabetes.

Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare levels of G6PD deficiency in diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods:
G6PD activity and fasting glucose levels were measured in blood samples of 49 diabetic patients and 21 healthy controls.

Results:
G6PD activity was decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared to healthy controls and showed that overall G6PD deficiency was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus as compared to nondiabetics.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that G6PD deficiency is noted in diabetics than in nondiabetics and can be a biomarker of oxidative stress and poor glycemic control in diabetes mellitus.
Efficacy of nutritional supplement (Haras) on carbon monoxide levels in smokers and non-smokers: An observational study
Authors: Chandavarkar Vidyadevi , Mishra Mithilesh Narayan , Bhargava Deepak , Rajashekaraiah Premalatha Bidadi , Singh Shafali , Kanuru Vijay 
Published: April 2024

Context:
Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in exhaled air may impart a quick, non-invasive method to determine smoking status. Haras is a nutraceutical medication, which is slowly gaining recognition for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Aims:
The effectiveness of the Haras therapy in smokers and non-smokers will be assessed by evaluating breath CO levels.

Methods and Materials:
The study included 101 test subjects with 76 subjects of smokers and 25 subjects of non-smokers. Both the test groups were given 10 mL of Haras juice in divided doses per day for 30 days. The CO levels were evaluated using a breath analyser before drug trial and then on the 8th, 15th, 22nd and after the conclusion of the drug trial.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the CO and carboxyhemoglobin levels among smokers and non-smokers.

Results:
Smokers had higher mean percent carboxyhemoglobin and mean parts per million CO values than non-smokers, and the difference between the two was shown to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). It was also found to be statistically significant from the first day to the eighth day, the first day to the 15th day, the first day to the 20th second day, first day to the 30th day (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Haras can be used effectively as an alternative supportive treatment for the diminution of CO levels in smokers and non-smokers.
Study of expression of GLUT-1 in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immuno-histochemical analysis
Authors: Attur Shylaja K. , Patel Anil , Attur Kailash M. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Glucose is the chief source of energy for cells, and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) is one of the most common glucose transporters in humans. Tumour cells are known to express hypoxia-related protein, and these may allow tumour cells to survive under a sustained hypoxic environment. Surviving cells develop a more aggressive phenotype, which results in poor prognosis.

Aims and Objectives:
Expression and comparison of GLUT-1 in normal tissues, potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and comparison of expression in different grades of OSCC.

Material and Methods:
A total of 57 cases (10 normal, 17 PMD, and 30 cases of OSCC) were stained immuno-histochemically with GLUT-1. The expression was scored as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 for negative, mild, moderate, severe, and intense staining, respectively.

Results:
GLUT-1 expression was detected in all grades of OSCC. A significant correlation was found on comparing normal and OSCC, normal and PMDs, and PMD and OSCC. The expression of GLUT-1 was significant when compared with different histopathological grades of OSCC.

Conclusions:
Expression of GLUT-1 increased from normal to PMDs to increasing grades of OSCC and hence can be used as a prognostic predictive marker for OSCC.
Capacity building to enhance knowledge and practices toward rabies among nursing students: A quasi-experimental intervention study in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Patel Mehul , Mangal Nitesh , Kumar Nitesh , Kumar L Dilip , Varghese K. A. , Sharma Mansi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease which is virtually 100% fatal once clinical symptoms appear. India contributes for 59.9% of rabies death in Asia and 35% of deaths worldwide.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to assess the basic knowledge of nursing students on causes, consequences, and treatment against rabies and to examine the impact of a knowledge-empowering intervention on rabies among nursing students.

Materials and Methods:
A quasi-experimental study with knowledge intervention but without control was carried out on 119 nursing students. A self-administered, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practices toward rabies and a well-designed health education program imparted to nursing students. “Paired t-test” was applied to compare results before and after intervention. Differences in pre- and postqualitative responses were examined by the McNemar’s test.

Results:
Major knowledge improvement was seen after intervention in crucial aspects of epidemiology, prevention and treatment of rabies. There was no significant gender effect in average knowledge score on different aspects of rabies. Postintervention mean knowledge score (16.54 ± 2.40) was significantly higher over preintervention score (14.08 ± 2.61), P < 0.0001.

Conclusion:
Nursing students lacked adequate knowledge on causes, consequences and treatment against rabies, despite being the first point of contact with the rabies patients. The study findings clearly demonstrated a scope of significant improvement in knowledge after intervention.
Dirichlet-type spaces of the unit bidisc and toral 2-isometries
Authors: Bera Santu , Chavan Sameer , Ghara Soumitra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We introduce and study Dirichlet-type spaces

$\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$

of the unit bidisc

$\mathbb D^2,$

where

$\mu _1, \mu _2$

are finite positive Borel measures on the unit circle. We show that the coordinate functions

$z_1$

and

$z_2$

are multipliers for

$\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$

and the complex polynomials are dense in

$\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2).$

Further, we obtain the division property and solve Gleason’s problem for

$\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$

over a bidisc centered at the origin. In particular, we show that the commuting pair

$\mathscr M_z$

of the multiplication operators

$\mathscr M_{z_1}, \mathscr M_{z_2}$

on

$\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$

defines a cyclic toral

$2$

-isometry and

$\mathscr M^*_z$

belongs to the Cowen–Douglas class

$\mathbf {B}_1(\mathbb D^2_r)$

for some

$r>0.$

Moreover, we formulate a notion of wandering subspace for commuting tuples and use it to obtain a bidisc analog of Richter’s representation theorem for cyclic analytic

$2$

-isometries. In particular, we show that a cyclic analytic toral

$2$

-isometric pair T with cyclic vector

$f_0$

is unitarily equivalent to

$\mathscr M_z$

on

$\mathcal D(\mu _1, \mu _2)$

for some

$\mu _1,\mu _2$

if and only if

$\ker T^*,$

spanned by

$f_0,$

is a wandering subspace for

$T.$
The very effective covers of KO and KGL over Dedekind schemes
Authors: Bachmann Tom 
Published: April 2024

We answer a question of Hoyois–Jelisiejew–Nardin–Yakerson regarding framed models of motivic connective

K

-theory spectra over Dedekind schemes. That is, we show that the framed suspension spectrum of the presheaf of groupoids of vector bundles (resp. non-degenerate symmetric bilinear bundles) is the effective cover of KGL (resp. very effective cover of KO). One consequence is that, over any scheme, we obtain a spectral sequence from Spitzweck’s motivic cohomology to homotopy algebraic

K

-theory; it is strongly convergent under mild assumptions.
Análise epidemiológica sobre o aumento de casos de sífilis congênita no território brasileiro
Authors: Caetano Novaes Bernado , Coimbra de Mendonça Vicentini Kelly , Mayer dos Santos Carraro Cristiano , Quintas de Almeida Maria Victória , De Paula Paraiso Alves Daniela , Grudka Campbell Vitor , Vieira Lima Vitor , Machado Sarmento1 Elder 
Published: April 2024

A sífilis congênita (SC) é uma infecção causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum e é transmitida da mãe para o feto, principalmente por via transplacentária, que ocorre quando a mãe com diagnóstico não trata ou não realiza o tratamento de forma adequada. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever a prevalência e distribuição da sífilis congênita em crianças nas regiões do Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2021, com ênfase nas variáveis faixa etária e regiões, correlacionando-as com as razões multifatoriais que levaram à situação epidemiológica atual. O método utilizado foi um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo sobre casos de sífilis congênita em crianças de 0 a 12 anos nas regiões do Brasil, entre 2012 e 2021, com dados obtidos por meio do Departamento de HIV/Aids, Tuberculose, Hepatites Virais e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. A análise das variáveis foi realizada baseada nesses percentuais, com embasamento através da literatura publicada entre 2016 e 2023, obtidas nas plataformas online Scielo, PubMed, Science.gov e Tratado de Pediatria. Observou-se um aumento de aproximadamente 130,09% no número de casos totais, de 2012 a 2021, com maiores números de casos nas regiões Sudeste, Nordeste, Sul, Norte e Centro-Oeste, respectivamente. Esses eventos ocorreram com maior frequência na faixa etária de recém-nascidos com menos de sete dias de vida. Pode-se relacionar as altas taxas de incidência com melhores condições de acesso e atendimento nas unidades de saúde, o que eleva o número de casos, além de falhas no processo assistencial na redução da transmissão vertical e tratamento inadequado da sífilis materna. Conclui-se que houve um aumento considerável nos números de casos de sífilis congênita no Brasil, com maiores valores nas regiões Sudeste, Nordeste e Sul e na faixa etária de recém-nascidos de até sete dias. O alto número de casos de sífilis congênita pode ser explicado pela maior disponibilidade de métodos diagnósticos e pela falta de efetividade na redução da transmissão vertical, além do tratamento inadequado da sífilis materna. No entanto, existe a possibilidade de algumas regiões registrarem poucos casos devido às limitações no acesso e atendimento ao diagnóstico.