bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of d8‐geranyl diphosphate
Authors: Comeskey Daniel J. , Rowan Daryl D. , Matich Adam J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMultiply labelled d8‐geranyl diphosphate (3‐methyl‐7‐2H3‐methyl‐[1,1,8,8,8]‐2H5‐2E,6‐octadienyl diphosphate) was synthesised from geraniol in 8 steps. Geraniol was converted to [1,1]‐2H2‐geraniol by a three step oxidation–reduction sequence in 38% yield. Selective epoxidation of [1,1]‐2H2‐geranyl acetate gave 6,7‐epoxy‐[1,1]‐2H2‐geranyl acetate, which, on oxidative cleavage of the epoxide and Wittig elaboration with d6‐isopropyl triphenylphosphorane, gave d8‐geraniol (14% yield) which was, in turn, converted to the title compound. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses of perdeuterated indoles and derivatives as probes for the biosyntheses of crucifer phytoalexins
Authors: Pedras M. Soledade C. , Okinyo Denis P. O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA simple two‐step preparation of [2H4]indole, a starting material necessary for the synthesis of various crucifer metabolites, starting with readily available 1H NMR solvent [2H5]nitrobenzene (99% deuterated) was developed. [4,5,6,7‐2H4]Indole 99% deuterated at the specified positions was then used to synthesize [4′,5′,6′,7′‐2H4]indolyl‐3‐acetaldoxime, [4′,5′,6′,7′‐2H4]1‐methoxyindolyl‐3‐acetaldoxime, [1″,1″,1″,4′,5′,6′,7′‐2H7]1‐methoxyindolyl‐3‐acetaldoxime, [4′,5′,6′,7′‐2H4]1‐methoxybrassinin, and [3,3,3,4′,5′,6′,7′‐2H7]1‐methoxybrassinin. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 analogue of N‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐5‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[e][1,4]diazepin‐3‐yl)‐benzamide‐[carboxyl‐14C] as CCK‐A antagonist
Authors: Saemian Nader , Shirvani Gholamhossein , Matloubi Hojatollah 
Published: December 2005

AbstractN‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐5‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[e][1,4]diazepin‐3‐yl)‐benzamide‐[carboxyl‐14C] has been synthesized from benzonitrile‐[cyano‐14C]. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing an Antiseptic Agent Obtained by Controlled Nanoprecipitation onto Water‐in‐Oil Miniemulsion Droplets
Authors: Paiphansiri Umaporn , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan , Landfester Katharina 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSummary: The modified nanoprecipitation of polymers onto stable nanodroplets has been successfully applied to prepare well‐defined nanocapsules whose core is composing of an antiseptic agent, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution. The stable nanodroplets were obtained by inverse miniemulsions with an aqueous antiseptic solution dispersed in an organic medium of solvent/nonsolvent mixture containing an oil‐soluble surfactant and the polymer for the shell formation. The change of gradient of the solvent/nonsolvent mixture of dichloromethane/cyclohexane, obtained by heating at 50 °C, led to the precipitation of the polymer in the organic continuous phase and deposition onto the large interface of the aqueous miniemulsion droplets. The monodisperse polymer nanocapsules with the size range of 240–80 nm were achieved as a function of the amount of surfactant. Using various polymer contents, molecular weights and types, an encapsulation efficiency of 20–100% was obtained as detected by proton‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) measurements. The nanocapsules could be easily transferred into water as continuous phase resulting in aqueous dispersions with nanocapsules containing an aqueous core with the antiseptic agent. The encapsulated amount of the antiseptic agent was evaluated to indicate the durability of the nanocapsule's wall. In addition, the use of different types of polymers having glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 10 to 100 °C in this process has been also successful.Scheme of the nanocapsule formation mechanism by controlled nanoprecipitation of a polymer onto miniemulsion droplets.magnified imageScheme of the nanocapsule formation mechanism by controlled nanoprecipitation of a polymer onto miniemulsion droplets.
Overt testicular disease (OTD) at diagnosis is not associated with a poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of the EORTC CLG study 58881
Authors: Sirvent Nicolas , Suciu Stefan , Bertrand Yves , Uyttebroeck Anne , Lescoeur Brigitte , Otten Jacques 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo assess the prognosis of overt testicular disease (OTD) at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we analyzed the outcome of 1,165 boys enrolled in EORTC trial 58881. Thirteen (1.1%) boys had OTD associated with bad prognostic features. Patients with and without OTD did not differ in event‐free survival (EFS) (P = 0.30) or overall survival (OS) (P = 0.54), even after adjustment for the three most important independent factors (NCI risk group, presence of very high risk features, type of asparaginase used). OTD was not an independent prognostic factor. These results may be due to the use of risk‐adjusted intensive chemotherapy comprising high‐dose methotrexate. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:344–348. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of residue stability in transient protein–protein interactions involved in enzymatic phosphate hydrolysis. A computational study
Authors: Bonet Jaume , Caltabiano Gianluigi , Khan Abdul Kareem , Johnston Michael A. , Corbí Carles , Gómez Àlex , Rovira Xavier , Teyra Joan , Villà‐Freixa Jordi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFinding why protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are so specific can provide a valuable tool in a variety of fields. Statistical surveys of so‐called transient complexes (like those relevant for signal transduction mechanisms) have shown a tendency of polar residues to participate in the interaction region. Following this scheme, residues in the unbound partners have to compete between interacting with water or interacting with other residues of the protein. On the other hand, several works have shown that the notion of active site electrostatic preorganization can be used to interpret the high efficiency in enzyme reactions. This preorganization can be related to the instability of the residues important for catalysis. In some enzymes, in addition, conformational changes upon binding to other proteins lead to an increase in the activity of the enzymatic partner. In this article the linear response approximation version of the semimacroscopic protein dipoles Langevin dipoles (PDLD/S‐LRA) model is used to evaluate the stability of several residues in two phosphate hydrolysis enzymes upon complexation with their activating partners. In particular, the residues relevant for PPI and for phosphate hydrolysis in the CDK2/Cyclin A and Ras/GAP complexes are analyzed. We find that the evaluation of the stability of residues in these systems can be used to identify not only active site regions but it can also be used as a guide to locate “hot spots” for PPIs. We also show that conformational changes play a major role in positioning interfacing residues in a proper “energetic” orientation, ready to interact with the residues in the partner protein surface. Thus, we extend the preorganization theory to PPIs, extrapolating the results we obtained from the above‐mentioned complexes to a more general case. We conclude that the correlation between stability of a residue in the surface and the likelihood that it participates in the interaction can be a general fact for transient PPIs. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Edge‐count probabilities for the identification of local protein communities and their organization
Authors: Farutin Victor , Robison Keith , Lightcap Eric , Dancik Vlado , Ruttenberg Alan , Letovsky Stanley , Pradines Joel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe present a computational approach based on a local search strategy that discovers sets of proteins that preferentially interact with each other. Such sets are referred to as protein communities and are likely to represent functional modules. Preferential interaction between module members is quantified via an analytical framework based on a network null model known as the random graph with given expected degrees. Based on this framework, the concept of local protein community is generalized to that of community of communities. Protein communities and higher‐level structures are extracted from two yeast protein interaction data sets and a network of published interactions between human proteins. The high level structures obtained with the human network correspond to broad biological concepts such as signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, and intercellular communication. Many of the obtained human communities are enriched, in a statistically significant way, for proteins having no clear orthologs in lower organisms. This indicates that the extracted modules are quite coherent in terms of function. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal structure of a putative pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (Rv2607) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pédelacq Jean‐Denis , Rho Beom‐Seop , Kim Chang‐Yub , Waldo Geoffrey S. , Lekin Timothy P. , Segelke Brent W. , Rupp Bernhard , Hung Li‐Wei , Kim Su‐Il , Terwilliger Thomas C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of Rv2607, a putative pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (PNPOx) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been determined by X‐ray crystallography to 2.5 Å resolution. Rv2607 has a core domain similar to known PNPOx structures with a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor. Electron density for two FMN at the dimer interface is weak despite the bright yellow color of the protein solution and crystal. The shape and size of the putative binding pocket is markedly different from that of members of the PNPOx family, which may indicate some significant changes in the FMN binding mode of this protein relative to members of the family. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of an unusual naturally occurring apolar fatty acid amide in mammalian brain and a method for its quantitative determination
Authors: Carbonare Maurizio Dalle , Tonidandel Loris , Berto Fiorenzo , Luise Diego , Mardegan Andrea , Giordano Giuseppe , Dalt Liviana Da , Guiotto Adriano , Battistin Leontino , Leon Alberta , Traldi Pietro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFatty acid amides (FAAs), such as the N‐acylamides, N‐acylethanolamides, N‐acyldopamines and N‐acylamino acids, are now emerging as an important new class of lipid‐signalling molecules. This paper provides evidence, based on high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 1H‐NMR, of the occurrence in mouse and bovine brain extracts of a compound characterised by a mass spectrum attributable to a FAA not previously described, namely, the isopropyl‐amide of stearic acid (SIPA). A highly sensitive GC/MS method was developed for quantification of naturally occurring SIPA and, also, for purposes of comparison, that of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a structurally related compound commonly determined in animal tissues. The results obtained show that SIPA levels in mouse brain are 8–10‐fold higher than those of PEA. Moreover, SIPA was found in human neuroblastoma cell (SHSY‐5Y) extracts, at significantly higher levels following exposure of the cells to the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone. All this evidence not only shows surprisingly that SIPA may be found naturally in mammalian biological extracts despite the unusual functional group (i.e. isopropylamide) implicated, but also raises many important questions concerning its biological origin. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of genetic and environmental factors for melanoma onset using population‐based family data
Authors: Lindström L. , Pawitan Y. , Reilly M. , Hemminki K. , Lichtenstein P. , Czene K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEstimation of genetic and environmental contributions to cancers falls in the framework of generalized linear mixed modelling with several random effect components. Computational challenges remain, however, in dealing with binary or survival phenotypes. In this paper, we consider the analysis of melanoma onset in a population of 2.6 million nuclear families in Sweden, for which none of the current survival‐based methodologies is feasible. We treat the disease outcome as a binary phenotype, so that the standard proportional hazard model leads to a generalized linear model with the complementary‐log link function. For rare diseases this link is very close to the probit link, and thus allows the use of marginal likelihood for the estimation of the variance components. We correct for the survival length bias by censoring the parent generation within each family at the time they attain the same cumulative hazard as the child generation, thus improving the validity of the estimates. Our finding that childhood shared environment in addition to genetic factors had a considerable effect on the development of melanoma is consistent with epidemiological studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sequential design to estimate sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic or screening test
Authors: Wruck Lisa M. , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Hughes Michael D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider efficient study designs to estimate sensitivity and specificity of a candidate diagnostic or screening test. Our focus is the setting in which the candidate test is inexpensive to administer compared to evaluation of disease status, and the test results, available in a large cohort, can be used as a basis for sampling subjects for verification of disease status. We examine designs in which disease status is verified in a sample chosen so as to optimize estimation of either sensitivity or specificity. We then propose a sequential design in which the first step of sampling is conducted to efficiently estimate specificity. If the candidate test is determined to be of sufficient specificity, then step two of sampling is conducted to estimate sensitivity. We propose estimators based on this sequential sampling scheme, and show that the performance of these estimators is excellent. We develop sample size calculations for the sequential design, and show that this design, in most situations, compares favourably in terms of expected sample size to a fixed size design. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hierarchical non‐homogenous Poisson model for meta‐analysis of adenoma counts
Authors: Rutter Carolyn M. , Yu Onchee , Miglioretti Diana L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe use a hierarchical model for a meta‐analysis that combines information from autopsy studies of adenoma prevalence and counts. The studies we included reported findings using a variety of adenoma prevalence groupings and age categories. We use a non‐homogeneous Poisson model for multinomial bin probabilities. The Poisson model allows risk to depend on age and sex, and incorporates extra‐Poisson variability. We evaluate model fit using the posterior predicted distribution of adenoma prevalence reported by the studies included in our analyses and validate our model using adenoma prevalence reported by more recent colonoscopy studies. For 1990, the estimated adenoma prevalence among Americans at age 60 is 40.3 per cent for men compared to 29.2 per cent for women. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The non‐surgical management of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kirk E. , Condous G. , Bourne T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEctopic pregnancy can now be detected at earlier gestations in asymptomatic women. As a consequence conservative treatment strategies may be more appropriate than surgical intervention. This review aims to discuss the diagnosis and the non‐surgical management options for ectopic pregnancy, in particular expectant management and the use of methotrexate. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acoustic streaming in two endometriomas: the exception to the rule?
Authors: Van Holsbeke C. , Meuleman C. , Timmerman D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe presence of acoustic streaming in ovarian cysts can be determined by ultrasound imaging and provides an indication of the viscosity of the cyst content. It has previously been demonstrated that the absence of acoustic streaming in endometriomas could be a pathognomonic feature of endometriomas. In this report we demonstrate the presence of acoustic streaming in two endometriomas. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhage
Authors: Gorincour G. , Rypens F. , Lapierre C. , Costa T. , Audibert F. , Robitaille Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report the case of a fetus with a sonographic mid‐gestation diagnosis of hyperechogenic cerebellum suspected to be of hemorrhagic origin on fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No etiological factors for fetal hemorrhage were found other than a maternal heterozygocity for factor V Leiden. Following termination of the pregnancy, autopsy confirmed the prenatal diagnosis of massive cerebellar hemorrhage without underlying vascular anomaly. As an additional tool to ultrasonography, fetal brain MRI can affirm the hemorrhagic origin of hyperechogenic cerebellar lesions, especially by showing a high signal on T1‐weighted images. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach to first‐trimester screening for early pre‐eclampsia combining serum PP‐13 and Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Nicolaides K. H. , Bindra R. , Turan O. M. , Chefetz I. , Sammar M. , Meiri H. , Tal J. , Cuckle H. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the value of maternal serum placental protein 13 (PP‐13) measurement and uterine artery Doppler during first‐trimester screening in the prediction of early pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThis was a nested case‐control prospective study of pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. The pulsatility index (PI) of blood flow in the uterine arteries and the maternal serum concentration of PP‐13 were measured in 10 women who went on to develop pre‐eclampsia that necessitated delivery before 34 weeks, and in 423 unaffected women. Results were expressed as multiples of the gestation‐specific median in controls (MoM). A logistic regression model was used to predict detection and false‐positive rates.ResultsIn the cases that developed pre‐eclampsia requiring delivery before 34 weeks, compared with the unaffected pregnancies, the median uterine artery PI was higher (1.43 MoM) and the median serum PP‐13 level was lower (0.07 MoM; P < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test for both). Modeling predicted that for a 90% detection rate of pre‐eclampsia requiring delivery before 34 weeks, the false‐positive rate of screening by PP‐13 was 12%, by uterine artery PI was 31% and by a combination of the two methods was 9%. A policy of contingency screening, whereby all women are screened by maternal serum PP‐13 and only the 14% at highest risk are then screened by Doppler, achieved a detection rate of 90% with an overall false‐positive rate of 6%.ConclusionEffective screening for pre‐eclampsia requiring delivery before 34 weeks can potentially be provided by assessment of a combination of maternal serum PP‐13 and uterine artery Doppler in the first trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The YIG1 (YPL201c) encoded protein is involved in regulating anaerobic glycerol metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Granath K. , Modig T. , Forsmark A. , Adler L. , Lidén G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUnder anaerobic conditions S. cerevisiae produces glycerol to regenerate NAD+ from the excess NADH produced in cell metabolism. We here report on the role of an uncharacterized protein, Yig1p (Ypl201cp), in anaerobic glycerol production. Yig1p was previously shown to interact in two‐hybrid tests with the GPP1 and GPP2 encoded glycerol 3‐phosphatase (Gpp), and we here demonstrate that strains overexpressing YIG1 show strongly decreased Gpp activity and content of the major phosphatase, Gpp1p. However, cells overexpressing YIG1 exhibited only slightly decreased GPP1 transcript levels, suggesting that Yig1p modulates expression on both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. In agreement with such a role, a GFP‐tagged derivate of Yig1p was localized to both the cytosol and the nucleus. Deletion or overexpression of YIG1 did not, however, significantly affect growth yield or glycerol yield in anaerobic batch cultures, which is consistent with the previously proposed low flux control exerted at the Gpp level. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid asymmetrical evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts
Authors: Ambrona Jesús , Vinagre Antonia , Ramírez Manuel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGenetic instability causes very rapid asymmetrical loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the cyh2 locus and loss of killer K2 phenotype in some wine yeasts under the usual laboratory propagation conditions or after long freeze‐storage. The direction of this asymmetrical evolution in heterozygous cyh2R/CYH2S hybrids is determined by the mechanism of asymmetrical LOH. However, the speed of the process is affected by the differences in cell viability between the new homozygous yeasts and the original heterozygous hybrid cells. The concomitant loss of ScV‐M2 virus in the LOH process may increase cell viability of cyh2R/cyh2R yeasts and so favour asymmetrical evolution. The presence of active killer K2 toxin, however, abolishes the asymmetrical evolution of the hybrid populations. This phenomenon may cause important sudden phenotype changes in industrial and pathogenic yeasts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New phenotypes of functional expression of the mKir2.1 channel in potassium efflux‐deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Kolacna Lucie , Zimmermannova Olga , Hasenbrink Guido , Schwarzer Sarah , Ludwig Jost , Lichtenberg‐Fraté Hella , Sychrova Hana 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe functional expression of the mouse Kir2.1 potassium channel in yeast cells lacking transport systems for potassium and sodium efflux (ena1‐4Δ nha1Δ) resulted in increased cell sensitivity to high external concentrations of potassium. The phenotype depended on the level of Kir2.1 expression and on the external pH. The activity of Kir2.1p in the yeast cells was almost negligible at pH 3.0 and the highest at pH 7.0. Kir2.1p was permeable for both potassium and rubidium cations, but neither sodium nor lithium were transported via the channel. Measurements of the cation contents in cells confirmed the higher concentration of potassium in cells with Kir2.1p. Specific inhibition of the mKir2.1 channel activity by Ba2+ cations was observed. The use of a mutant strain lacking both potassium efflux and uptake transporters (ena1‐4Δ nha1Δ trk1Δ trk2Δ) enabled the monitoring of channel activity on two levels—the provision of the necessary amount of intracellular K+ in media with low potassium concentrations, and simultaneously, the channel's contribution to cell potassium sensitivity in the presence of high external K+. This combination of mutations proved to be a new, sensitive and practical tool for characterizing the properties of heterologously expressed transporters mediating both the efflux and influx of alkali‐metal‐cations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ziprasidone-induced priapism requiring surgical treatment
Authors: Kaufman Kenneth R. , Stern Lauren , Mohebati Arash , Olsavsky Aviva , Hwang Jonathan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBoth typical and atypical antipsychotic psychotropics have been reported to cause ischemic priapism presumptively secondary to alpha1-adrenergic blockade. This condition is a urologic emergency for if not evaluated and treated appropriately, long-term sequelae include erectile dysfunction and impotence. This paper addresses the first reported case of priapism requiring surgical intervention presumed to be secondary to ziprasidone. Increased clinician and patient education regarding priapism is required in order to minimize this adverse event and to maximize immediate treatment.