bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Analysis of Patient Decisional Needs for Medications to Treat Heart Failure
Authors: Turgeon Ricky D. , Fernando Saranee , Bains Marc , Code Jillianne , Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Koshman Sheri , Straatman Lynn , Toma Mustafa , Virani Sean A. , MacDonald Blair J. , Snow M. Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The development of tools to support shared decision-making should be informed by patients’ decisional needs and treatment preferences, which are largely unknown for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) pharmacotherapy decisions. We aimed to identify patients’ decisional needs when considering HFrEF medication options.

METHODS:
This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. We recruited patients with HFrEF from 2 Canadian ambulatory HF clinics and clinicians from Canadian HF guideline panels, HF clinics, and Canadian HF Society membership. We identified themes through inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS:
Participants included 15 patients and 12 clinicians. Six themes and associated subthemes emerged related to HFrEF pharmacotherapy decision-making: (1) patient decisional needs included lack of awareness of a choice or options, difficult decision timing and stage, information overload, and inadequate motivation, support and resources; (2) patients’ decisional conflict varied substantially, driven by unclear trade-offs; (3) treatment attribute preferences—patients focused on both benefits and downsides of treatment, whereas clinicians centered discussion on benefits; (4) quality of life—patients’ definition of quality of life depended on pre-HF activity, though most patients demonstrated adaptability in adjusting their daily activities to manage HF; (5) shared decision-making process—clinicians’ described a process more akin to informed consent; (6) decision support—multimedia decision aids, virtual appointments, and primary-care comanagement emerged as potential enablers of shared decision-making.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with HFrEF have several decisional needs, which are consistent with those that may respond to decision aids. These findings can inform the development of HFrEF pharmacotherapy decision aids to address these decisional needs and facilitate shared decision-making.
Exploring Best Practices in Constructing Dog Adoption Advertisements
Authors: Kelling Angela S. , Wilson Megan L. , Martin Allison L. , Barker Sarah , Mallavarapu Suma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A primary goal of animal shelters is to adopt animals into permanent homes. Many potential adopters learn about adoptable animals via online advertisements. It remains unclear how to best format these advertisements to increase the likelihood of a successful adoption. Participants (N = 561) completed a questionnaire after viewing fictional dog adoption advertisements in which certain characteristics were systematically varied. Results indicated that characteristics of the advertisements influenced participant opinions. Participants showed preference for advertisements in paragraphs over those written as bullet points. Participants’ perceptions of the dog and their ability to identify potential behavioral challenges were influenced by the type of language used in the advertisements. Participants expressed interest in having additional information in the advertisements, including information about the dog’s behavior. Our findings can help guide the content and structure of dog adoption advertisements to maximize information transfer, meet reader expectations, and result in more successful adoptions.
Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Within Sanctuary-Based Primate Husbandry
Authors: Rantala Madalyn , Gabriel Kara I. , Lipton Jennifer , Mulcahy J. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Animal-care workers are at risk of compassion fatigue (i.e., experiencing burnout and secondary traumatic stress [STS]) which has been shown to adversely impact employee wellbeing, organizational productivity, and caregiving quality in other caregiving fields. The current cross-cultural analysis explored compassion fatigue among 46 primate sanctuary workers across three continents who completed the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale and Trauma-Informed Organizational Culture (TIOC) survey, and answered questions about their work. Higher compassion satisfaction (CS) and lower compassion fatigue were observed in primate care workers compared to previously published animal-care worker samples. CS negatively correlated with burnout whereas burnout positively correlated with STS. Workplace support positively correlated with CS while supervisory and peer support negatively correlated with burnout. Lastly, African-residing respondents had higher burnout and STS than did European- and North American-residing respondents and more often mentioned conservation concerns and recovery and release of animals as important elements of their work.
Epilogue: Bogotá, Law, Time, and Politics
Authors: Galindo George Rodrigo Bandeira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This special issue offers contemporary international lawyers a unique opportunity to be self-conscious about how those involved in the 1948 Bogotá Conference politicized time and how historical narratives about that Conference do the same. They treat the American region as an object of study in itself in international law, and avoid falling into the habit of many international lawyers in facing universalism as an a priori of legal thinking. In this vein, the 1948 Bogotá Conference is better seen as an array of possibilities.
The Puebla Conference: The Origins of Pope Francis’ Synodal Ecclesiology
Authors: Campagnaro Matteo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article aims to contribute to an intelligent examination of Pope Francis’ magisterium and to the development of post-conciliar Latin American theology which acquired its maturity during the third Episcopal Conference of Latin America and the Caribbean in Puebla, Mexico in 1979. Firstly, this article examines the genesis of the Puebla Conference: how it came about, and the social and ecclesiastical environment that inspired it. In the second and third parts, the contents of the Final Document are explored. The article focuses on the birth of the Theology of the People and on the synodal ecclesiology that is derived from it, two fundamental themes that advance post-conciliar ecclesiological discourse.
Ecclesiology from Below in Contemporary Orthodox Christianity
Authors: Chivu Silviu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article aims to critically and comparatively explore a recent model of ecclesiology from below as worked out by a contemporary Ukrainian Orthodox theologian and worldwide known scholar, Cyril Hovorun (b. 1974). In order to discern Hovorun’s original contribution to the field of Orthodox ecclesiology and its ecumenical potential, his doctrine of the church is placed in a wider scholarly context by emphasising the way in which the Ukrainian theologian is influenced by his main sources. Afterwards, the concrete implications of Hovorun’s ecclesiology from below are examined and some critical remarks are further articulated. Finally, this study sheds light on the strengths and shortcomings of Hovorun’s approach when compared with one of the most influential ecclesiological perspectives in contemporary Orthodox Christianity, namely, John Zizioulas’ eucharistic ecclesiology.
On Mitigating Celebritistic Culture in Western Ecclesial Contexts
Authors: Gooch Griffin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores the influence of celebrification and celebritisation within Western ecclesial contexts while addressing the ways in which this phenomenon bolsters pressures to structure orthopraxy around pragmatism, popularity, and efficiency. Examining the social effects of celebritisation, such as ‘parasocial relationships’ and ‘mimicry’, on ecclesial dynamics, the article argues that such influences lead to the elevation of those who exhibit impressive or culturally ‘popular’ traits, while marginalising those who ‘fail’ according to the larger system’s standards. Further study elucidates the intersection of celebritisation with Western leadership models, critiquing a perceived over-reliance on strict, ‘ladder’ hierarchy. Western ecclesial contexts have suffered from a celebritisation that is contradictory to communal health, and the paper concludes that its mitigation will require a reorientation of ecclesial structure and practices. Proposing a rejection of these trends, the study first advocates the mitigation of celebrification through internal self-emptying among ecclesial leaders, before suggesting an undermining of celebritisation through trading a ‘ladder’ hierarchy for a ‘lattice’ hierarchy that will serve to enhance community participation.
A taxonomic revision of the sponge-associated genus Thoracactis Gravier, 1918 (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) based on an integrated approach
Authors: Kise Hiroki , Montenegro Javier , Corrêa Paulo V.F. , Clemente Marcos V.C. , Sumida Paulo Y.G. , Hoeksema Bert W. , Reimer James D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The integrated approach of molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses has revolutionized the systematics and our understanding of the evolutionary relationships of marine taxa. One such group is the hexacorallian order Zoantharia Rafinesque, 1815. The monotypic genus Thoracactis Gravier, 1918 has been little investigated since its placement within the order Zoantharia more than 100 years ago. Here, we examined museum specimens collected from the Cape Verde Islands (eastern Atlantic) and newly collected specimens from Brazil (southwestern Atlantic), using a combined molecular and morphological approach. Our results conclusively show Thoracactis to be referable to the family Parazoanthidae. Morphological data show that Thoracactis topsenti Gravier, 1918, the type species of this monotypic genus, has a cyclically transitional arrangement of its sphincter muscle, and this arrangement has previously been reported from the Parazoanthidae. Thoracactis can be distinguished from other hexasterophoran glass-sponge-associated genera (Churabana Kise, Montenegro & Reimer, 2022, Parachurabana Kise, 2023, and Vitrumanthus Kise, Montenegro & Reimer, 2022) by a combination of morphological, ecological and molecular phylogenetic data. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that Thoracactis topsenti is placed within Parazoanthidae. These results are yet another demonstration of the utility of comprehensive combined approaches. From now, research attention should focus on the revision of remaining taxonomic questions within the family Epizoanthidae, with the goal of a comprehensively revised suborder Macrocnemina within reach.
Keeping the Cold War Cold: Korea, 1966–1976
Authors: Evan Sarantakes Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
During the Cold War, U.S. strategic leaders had to deal with policies and issues in every part of the globe. The main theater was in Europe, but there were other regions that demanded attention. Korea was an important one. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the peninsula was on the brink of conflict as North Korea initiated a series of operations that were legitimate acts of war. There was a strong desire among South Korean government officials for a military response, but U.S. government leaders said no. Officials in Washington recognized the limits of U.S. power at the time, and designed their responses to maintain the status quo. The story of how the United States handled its undertakings in areas of marginal importance was a chapter in the larger history of the Cold War. A number of historians have suggested that the Third World played a key role in shaping developments in the Cold War, but U.S. actions in Korea indicate something a bit more complicated. Knowing when to become involved and when to limit losses was crucial in how the United States managed events along the periphery of the Cold War.
Cooperation and Struggle Between Vietnam and the United States: Impediments to Improved U.S.-Vietnam Relations
Authors: Cường Nguyễn Anh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The relationship between the United States and Vietnam began when Prince Nguyen Phuc Canh worked with Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary American Ambassador Thomas Jefferson in 1787. The United States, however, later invaded Vietnam, causing a bloody conflict unlike any in human history from 1954 to 1975. Then, in 1995, a shared sense of humanity and morality motivated the two countries to attempt to form a comprehensive partnership that they achieved in 2013, and they have been working to refine their approach toward collaborating together ever since. In this partnership, there is a need to uncover and resolve a few mysteries. This article’s objective is to analyze the fundamentals of both cooperation and conflict in this historical partnership – human rights (including for prisoners of war and those missing in action), military security, policy reform in Vietnam, and financial gains for Vietnam and the United States. However, differences in political institutions, interests and values, and aims for the relationship have all become points of contention since normalization of bilateral relations in 1995.
Perceptuo-Cognitive Analysis of Magritte’s Iconic Painting La Condition Humaine (1933)
Authors: Hamer Russell D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
René Magritte once said “… the function of art is to make poetry visible, to render thought visible”. The poetry emerged on his canvases by meticulous, aesthetically engaging depiction of objects and scenes replete with surprise and apparent perceptual self-contradiction. His 1933 masterpiece, La Condition Humaine (The Human Condition), is one of his most philosophical works. We see a room with a painting on an easel that appears to paradoxically reveal exactly what it occludes: a pastoral scene outside the room. Magritte had a sophisticated understanding of perception as representation in the brain, and he discussed this theme explicitly. This article examines in detail visual cues in La Condition Humaine that elicit an alternation between salient yet mutually exclusive percepts, transparency vs opacity, of the same object. The conflicting percepts are experienced as surreal, drawing us into the heart of the problem: the nature of representation (in art and in the brain), a meditation on the localization of thought, while beckoning us to ponder the nature of reality and the ‘mystery of the ordinary’. The painting also illustrates the power of subtle painterly gesture, i.e., when small details act as ‘perceptual amplifiers’, inducing a strong effect on both our perceptual and cognitive understanding of scene elements across a large region of visual space. Finally, examination of how the competing percepts are established, and the emergence of some perceptuo-cognitive features provide clues about the visual system’s scene processing hierarchy.
The Metaphysics of Presence and Absence: the Primacy of the Ear over the Eye in the Holy Qurʾan
Authors: Hamamra Bilal , Abusamra Sanaa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the Qurʾan, the sense of hearing and its agent the ear are both linked to the heart whereas sight and its organ the eye are associated with the head. The sense of hearing, which is a channel to spiritual knowledge, is privileged to the sense of sight, the gateway to the realm of carnal knowledge. The ear and the heart are channels to the sphere of absence while the eye and the head are associated with the realm of presence. Knowledge of the world of absence is twofold: The first incarnates in the type of knowledge obtained from God and his angels and the other is that which is acquired from Satan and Jinn. The primacy of the ear over the eye is further substantiated by the Qurʾanic repudiation of the charges that the origin of the Prophet Muhammad’s words is fables breathed into his ears from the underworld of absence.
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha’s Printed Quranic Manuscript in the Ottoman Empire: a Critical Study
Authors: Eed Shady 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article discusses a discovery made by the author involving the wrong manuscript of calligrapher Şekerzâde being printed by the Ottoman Empire. It was initially illegal to sell printed copies of the Qurʾan in Ottoman lands, as cutting letters of the verses was deemed disrespectful. After foreign-printed copies began circulating, the position of the Ottoman government was forced to change. Thereby, the Ministry of Education, led by Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, was commissioned to produce a printed Qurʾan. However, the governmental body accidentally printed a manuscript that Şekerzâde wrote in Istanbul, while indicating it was the Qurʾan he wrote in Medina. Through careful examination, including translations of the inscriptions, this error was noticed for the first time. This paper presents an introduction to Ottoman reverence for the Qurʾan, a history of the printing process, background information of Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, and evidence regarding the mistake made when printing the manuscript.
China’s Wolf Warrior Diplomacy (Narrative): Development, Causes, and Political Effects
Authors: Liu Kerry 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
China’s wolf warrior diplomacy has attracted worldwide attention since April 2020. Unlike previous studies, which mainly adopted a conceptual/qualitative approach, this study, based on Google Trends data during April 2020–May 2021, performs a comprehensive empirical analysis. In particular, this study finds that China’s wolf warrior diplomacy began to develop rapidly in April 2020. It finds that China’s wolf warrior diplomacy failed to stir up domestic nationalism but significantly augmented the perception of a Chinese threat around the world. However, Xi Jinping’s new guidelines on China’s wolf warrior diplomacy on May 31, 2021 have reduced the significance of this style of diplomacy.
Clash of Diplomatic Cultures between Europe and China around 1800: A Rereading of the Macartney Mission
Authors: Tang Chenxi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This essay revisits some familiar diplomatic encounters between European nations and China in the decades around 1800. It proceeds from a theoretical distinction between diplomacy within an international society and diplomacy between international societies. The set of ideas, principles, and institutions of diplomatic interaction within an international society may be summarily termed its diplomatic culture. Diplomacy between international societies lacks a shared diplomatic culture, involving instead negotiations between different diplomatic cultures. The European embassies to China around 1800 epitomize diplomacy between international societies. The essay examines in some detail the attempts on both sides to make sense of the diplomatic exchange, in which they were engaged: translating documents, documenting actions, and interpreting the events by poetic means. All these attempts turned out to entrench differences rather than induce agreements. This predicament was to be resolved only by violence.
Washington State Assault Weapon Firearm Violence Before and After Firearm Legislation Reform
Authors: Bhullar Avneet , Shipley Jonathan , Alaniz Leonardo , Grigorian Areg , Burruss Sigrid , Swentek Lourdes , Kuza Catherine , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: April 2024

Background In January of 2019, Washington State (WA) passed Initiative 1639 making it illegal for persons <21 years-old to buy assault weapons (AWs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of WA-1639 on firearm-related incidents involving AWs by those <21 years-old in WA, hypothesizing a decrease in incidents after WA-1639. Methods Retrospective (2016-2021) data on firearm violence (FV) events were gathered from the Gun Violence Archive. The rate of FV was weighted per 100,000 people. Total monthly incidents, injuries, and deaths were compared pre-law (January 2016-December 2018) vs post-law (January 2019-December 2021) implementation. Mann-Whitney U tests and Poisson’s regression were used for analysis. Results From 4091 FV incidents (2210 (54.02%) pre-law vs 1881 (45.98%) post-law), 50 involved AWs pre- (2.3%) and 15 (.8%) post-law. Of these, 11 were committed by subjects <21 years-old pre-law and only one occurred post-law. Total incidents of FV (z = −3.80, P < .001), AW incidents (z = −4.28, P < .001), and AW incidents involving someone <21 years-old (z = −3.01, P < .01) decreased post-law. Additionally, regression analysis demonstrated the incident rate ratio (IRR) of all FV (1.23, 95% CI [1.10-1.38], P < .001), all AW FV incidents (3.42, 95% CI [1.70-6.89], P = .001), and AW incidents by subjects <21 years-old (11.53, 95% CI [1.52-87.26], P = .02) were greater pre-law vs post-law. Discussion Following implementation of WA-1639, there was a significant decrease in FV incidents and those involving AWs by individuals <21 years-old. This suggests targeted firearm legislation may help curtail FV. Further studies evaluating FV after legislation implementation in other states is needed to confirm these findings.
Level One Trauma Center Proliferation May Worsen Patient Outcomes
Authors: Zhou Michael , Norton Taylor W. , Rupp Kelsey , Paxton Rebecca J. , Wang Michele S. , Rehman Nisha S. , He Jack 
Published: April 2024

Background From 2013 to 2020, Arizona state trauma system expanded from seven to thirteen level 1 trauma centers (L1TCs). This study utilized the state trauma registry to analyze the effect of L1TC proliferation on patient outcomes. Methods Adult patients age≥15 in the state trauma registry from 2007-2020 were queried for demographic, injury, and outcome variables. These variables were compared across the 2 time periods: 2007-2012 as pre-proliferation (PRE) and 2013-2020 as post-proliferation (POST). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess independent predictors of mortality. Subgroup analyses were done for Injury Severity Score (ISS)≥15, age≥65, and trauma mechanisms. Results A total of 482,896 trauma patients were included in this study. 40% were female, 29% were geriatric patients, and 8.6% sustained penetrating trauma. The median ISS was 4. Inpatient mortality overall was 2.7%. POST consisted of more female, geriatric, and blunt trauma patients ( P < .001). Both periods had similar median ISS. POST had more interfacility transfers (14.5% vs 10.3%, P < .001). Inpatient, unadjusted mortality decreased by .5% in POST ( P < .001). After adjusting for age, gender, ISS, and trauma mechanism, being in POST was predictive of death (OR: 1.4, CI:1.3-1.5, P < .001). This was consistent across all subgroups except for geriatric subgroup, which there was no significant correlation. Discussion Despite advances in trauma care and almost doubling of L1TCs, POST had minimal reduction of unadjusted mortality and was an independent predictor of death. Results suggest increasing number of L1TCs alone may not improve mortality. Alternative approaches should be sought with future regional trauma system design and implementation.
Efficiency of Public Healthcare Systems Across Indian States
Authors: Aneja Ranjan , Kappil Shine Raju , Mor Surender 
Published: April 2024

This article analyses the technical efficiency of public healthcare systems within various states of India. Slacks-based efficiency model (SBM) to compare the efficiencies of the public healthcare systems of selected Indian states has been used. A comparison of budget documents and government responses during the pandemic revealed the changing stereotypical stand of the Central Government towards the health sector, especially after the advent of the pandemic. Further, the study found that the public healthcare systems of four states (Bihar, Kerala, Maharashtra and NCT of Delhi) are SBM efficient. Healthcare resources are over-utilised in most states, but health outcomes still need to be improved. The study recommends connecting poor and illiterate citizens in remote villages with public health utilities to improve health outcomes. JEL Codes: H51, H52, H75