bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnesian silicate association in S-type granites: the Darongshan granitic complex (Guangxi, South China)
Authors: Charoy Bernard , Barbey Pierre 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The late Indosinian Darongshan granite complex (Guangxi Province, South China) consists mainly of three plutons (Taima, Jiuzhou and Darongshan), with coarse-grained to subvolcanic rock types. There is a rough mineral evolution from the western to the eastern part of the complex, with ferromagnesian magmatic silicates sequentially distributed : Opx+Crd±Bt (Taima), Opx+Grt+Bt+Crd (Jiuzhou) and Bt+Crd (Darongshan). Restitic, cumulative or xenocrystic minerals (mainly Crd with fibrolite+spinel inclusions, Grt and probably Opx in some cases) are also encountered. Mineralogical, chemical and isotopic compositions of the granites suggest that the three plutons derive from a source dominated by a reduced, immature greywacke-psammite series, which has experienced high-amphibolite to granulite-facies metamorphism. This S-type granite complex is considered to result from various degrees of melting at different crustal levels by biotite dehydration-melting in a high T (800° to 950°C), low P (400–600 MPa) metamorphic environment. Abundant granulite-facies metasedimentary enclaves with refractory compositions are considered as xenoliths entrapped during magma ascent. The presence of scarce mafic microgranular enclaves and the high temperatures needed for melting could suggest that heat may have been partly contributed by mantle-derived magmas.
Age, depositional environment and stratigraphic value of the Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate: insight into the Palaeogene to Early Miocene geodynamic evolution of Sardinia
Authors: Dieni Iginio , Massari Francesco , Médus Jacques 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate of eastern Sardinia, a syntectonic unit lining major Cenozoic faults, has been dated by means of palynology at the early middle Lutetian. The deposits were mainly laid down by sediment gravity flows in a subaqueous setting and formed aprons of laterally interfingering debris cones at the toe of active tectonic scarps. Most clasts of rudites are of local provenance. Interestingly, the rudites include minor amounts of clasts of formations which no longer crop out in the area, providing important information on the reconstruction of the original stratigraphic succession and palaeogeography, especially during late Cretaceous and early Palaeogene times.
During the Eocene, i.e. in a pre-rotation stage, Sardinia was subjected to the influence of both Alpine and Pyrenean orogenic belts. In eastern Sardinia, the compressional stress field was consistent with that existing in the foreland of the Alpine chain in Corsica, and was expressed by significant wrench tectonics affecting the Variscan basement and the pre-Oligocene sedimentary cover. Deformations associated with major strike-slip faults, such as enéchelon folds and positive flower structures occurring in fault-restraining bends, suggest a shortening direction around N105° (in present-day coordinates).
A subsequent wrenching phase of Late Oligocene-Early Miocene age involved reactivation of former “Alpine” faults in a sharply different stress field. This tectonics reflects the intermediate position of the eastern Sardinia belt between the area affected by back-arc stretching (the Sardinian rift and the Liguro-Provençal basin) and the arcuate Apenninic subduction front active in a framework of left-lateral oblique plate convergence.
New Wasatch Discoveries Revive the Aging Rockhouse Field in the Uintah Basin
Authors: Larsen D.G. , Ryden M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Since late 1995 renewed interest in the Rockhouse Field of the Uintah Basin has been driven by the remarkable success of an operator in the Wasatch gassands in Uintah County, Utah. The area of interest is located in 11 S 23E some50 miles S of Vernal, Utah.
United Utilities Corporation (United), a Vernal-based company, first drilled here in June 1995 and saw limited success on the Lapaglia # 1. Persistence paid off through the combined efforts of geologists, production engineers and stimulation design personnel to bring on five of the next seven wells with production ranging from 2.9 MMCFD (177 day average) to 8.2 MMCFD (23 day average). Multiple intervals of the Wasatch are providing the bulk of the hydrocarbon with some contribution from the Mesaverde. Challenges with zone selection, complex geology, water invasion and stimulation have been overcome to make this recent production a true anomaly in the area.
This paper will chronicle the recent events of this field and describe themethods and technology used to discover and recapture the enormous potential of this historic gas field.

Introduction
The Wasatch Formation has long been a source of hydrocarbons in the form of natural gas and erode oil in various parts of the Uintah Basin covering Uintahand Duchesne Counties, Utah. The gas play has been especially attractive through the years because of its occurrence at moderate depths (4000' –7000')and the infrastructure of gas transmission that has been laid in the Basin throughout the years. United saw that this horizon had potential in the Rock house gas field located in T11S, R23E, Uintah County, Utah, approximately 50 miles southeast of Vernal, Utah (Fig. 1). This area is bounded to the east and southeast by the Douglas Creek Arch and Uncompahgre Uplift, respectively. Tertiary and Cretaceous non-marine sandstones provide reservoirs for large volumes of natural gas in the southeastern portion of the Uintah Basin. The Oil Springs gas field lies to the southeast and the Natural Buttes oil and gas field lies to the northwest of the Rock house gas field.
An understanding of this gas play should include the history of the field, the deposition geology and the completion techniques used in the revival of the Rock house Field.
Selective Small-Molecule Agonists of G Protein–Coupled Receptor 40 Promote Glucose-Dependent Insulin Secretion and Reduce Blood Glucose in Mice
Authors: Tan Carina P. , Feng Yue , Zhou Yun-Ping , Eiermann George J. , Petrov Aleksandr , Zhou Changyou , Lin Songnian , Salituro Gino , Meinke Peter , Mosley Ralph , Akiyama Taro E. , Einstein Monica , Kumar Sanjeev , Berger Joel P. , Mills Sander G. , Thornberry Nancy A. , Yang Lihu , Howard Andrew D. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE— Acute activation of G protein–coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) by free fatty acids (FFAs) or synthetic GPR40 agonists enhances insulin secretion. However, it is still a matter of debate whether activation of GPR40 would be beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, since chronic exposure to FFAs impairs islet function. We sought to evaluate the specific role of GPR40 in islets and its potential as a therapeutic target using compounds that specifically activate GPR40.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We developed a series of GPR40-selective small-molecule agonists and studied their acute and chronic effects on glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GDIS) in isolated islets, as well as effects on blood glucose levels during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests in wild-type and GPR40 knockout mice (GPR40−/−).
RESULTS— Small-molecule GPR40 agonists significantly enhanced GDIS in isolated islets and improved glucose tolerance in wild-type mice but not in GPR40−/− mice. While a 72-h exposure to FFAs in tissue culture significantly impaired GDIS in islets from both wild-type and GPR40−/− mice, similar exposure to the GPR40 agonist did not impair GDIS in islets from wild-type mice. Furthermore, the GPR40 agonist enhanced insulin secretion in perfused pancreata from neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and improved glucose levels in mice with high-fat diet–induced obesity acutely and chronically.
CONCLUSIONS— GPR40 does not mediate the chronic toxic effects of FFAs on islet function. Pharmacological activation of GPR40 may potentiate GDIS in humans and be beneficial for overall glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Structural properties of silver iodide and copper iodide
Authors: Baghmar Deoshree , Gaur Neeraj , Gupta Dinesh , Singh Sadhana 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The structural changes within the Silver iodide (AgI) and Copper iodide (CuI) induced by pressure have been investigated using an effective interaction potential. CuI and AgI in their parent zinc blende (ZnS) to rock salt (NaCl) through an intermediate structure have been reported. The calculated values for the phase transition pressures and associate volume collapses are generally in good agreement with measured data.
EELS analysis of internal metal – oxide interfaces
Authors: Heckl Oliver , Haider Ferdinand , Gegner Jürgen 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The heterophase boundaries between precipitates such as spherical amorphous SiO particles inside a copper matrix as well as crystalline CuO precipitates inside a silver matrix and the surrounding metal matrix are examined with high spatial resolution using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an electron energy loss spectrometer. Typical features of the electron energy loss near – edge fine structure of the oxygen O-K and of characteristic metal ionization edges allow determination of the bonding state of oxygen and thus detection of fine interlayers at the phase boundary. The results obtained are interpreted in a tentative way, supporting basic ideas of Kirchheim's structural vacancy model of oxygen segregation to metal – oxide interfaces. The model predicts that no interfacial accumulation of excess oxygen should occur to the phase boundary of amorphous precipitates. In Ag – Cu alloys there is the additional degree of freedom for the oxidation value of copper and we present indications that structural vacancies change the oxidation value at the phase boundary.
Interface width of immiscible layered elements
Authors: Stender Patrick , Ene Constantin Buzau , Galinski Henning , Schmitz Guido 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Based on the thermodynamics of inhomogeneous systems, it is expected that the chemical transition at an interface between two immiscible components cannot be atomically sharp. However, measurements by direct local chemical analysis are rare, as utmost spatial resolution on an atomic scale is required. In this article, the temperature dependence of the chemical width of layer interfaces in binary Cu/Ag and ternary Cu/Ni81Fe19 specimens is studied experimentally. Atom probe techniques have been used to achieve sufficient spatial resolution. In both materials the interface width could be measured on a length scale of one to two nanometres. Its temperature dependence is found to be in agreement with the Cahn – Hilliard theory. From the measurements the gradient energy coefficient and the specific interfacial Gibbs energy are quantitatively determined.
Effect of Chemical Confinement on the mechanical relaxation spectra of poly(ethene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymers
Authors: Hachenberg Jörg , Steisel Björn , Nergui Undrakh , Bedorf Dennis , Buback Michael , Samwer Konrad 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The concept of Chemical Confinement is introduced to describe a relaxation mode occurring in copolymers with a non-random distribution of monomer units. Poly(ethene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer turns out to be an appropriate test system. By suitable selection of the polymerization conditions, the randomness of the distribution of methacrylic acid units along the polymer backbone may be tuned without significantly affecting the degree of polymerization and the methacrylic content of the copolymer. By interaction via hydrogen bonds, associating methacrylic units can confine the relaxation mode of chain segments positioned in between two such associating sites. Variation of the methacrylic content results in a shift of the relaxation mode. Mechanical spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry are used to validate the model of Chemical Confinement.
Can the seed bank be used for ecological restoration? An overview of seed bank characteristics in European communities
Authors: Bossuyt Beatrijs , Honnay Olivier 
Published: May 2008

AbstractQuestion:Can seeds in the seed bank be considered as a potential source of material for the restoration of European plant communities including forest, marsh, grassland and heathland?Methods:This study reviews seed bank studies (1990–2006) to determine if they provide useful and reliable results to predict restoration success. We formally selected 102 seed bank studies and analyzed differences between four plant community types in several seed bank characteristics, such as seed density, species richness and similarity between seed bank and vegetation. We also assessed the dominant genera present in the seed bank in each plant community.Results:We observed remarkably consistent trends when comparing seed bank characteristics among community types. Seed density was lowest for grassland and forest communities and highest in marshes, whereas species richness, diversity and evenness of the seed bank community was lowest in heathland and highest in grassland. Similarity between seed bank and vegetation was low in forest, and high in grassland. There was a lot of overlap of the dominant genera of seed bank communities in all studies.Conclusions:The absence of target species and the high dominance of early successional species, in particular Juncus spp., indicate that restoration of target plant communities relying only on seed germination from the seed bank is in most cases not feasible. The exceptions are heathland and early successional plant communities occurring after temporally recurring disturbances. Restoration of plant communities composed of late successional species, such as woody species or herbaceous species typical of woodland or forest rely mainly on seed dispersal and not on in situ germination.
An investigation into the forces that drive ice-shelf rift propagation on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Bassis Jeremy N. , Fricker Helen A. , Coleman Richard , Minster Jean-Bernard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFor three field seasons (2002/03, 2004/05, 2005/06) we have deployed a network of GPS receivers and seismometers around the tip of a propagating rift on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. During these campaigns we detected seven bursts of episodic rift propagation. To determine whether these rift propagation events were triggered by short-term environmental forcings, we analyzed simultaneous ancillary data such as wind speeds, tidal amplitudes and sea-ice fraction (a proxy variable for ocean swell). We find that none of these environmental forcings, separately or together, correlated with rift propagation. This apparent insensitivity of ice-shelf rift propagation to short-term environmental forcings leads us to suggest that the rifting process is primarily driven by the internal glaciological stress. Our hypothesis is supported by order-of-magnitude calculations that the glaciological stress is the dominant term in the force balance. However, our calculations also indicate that as the ice shelf thins or the rift system matures and iceberg detachment becomes imminent, short-term stresses due to winds and ocean swell may become more important.
An Engineered Mannoside Presenting Platform: Escherichia coli Adhesion under Static and Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Barth Katrin A. , Coullerez Géraldine , Nilsson Lina M. , Castelli Riccardo , Seeberger Peter H. , Vogel Viola , Textor Marcus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe study of the adhesion mechanisms of pathogens to host tissues has gained increased interest as bacterial adhesion is involved in the early stages of surface colonization and infection. Here we describe a platform to study the specific binding of the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) K‐12 strain to molecularly well‐defined surfaces mimicking cellular interfaces. This approach uses a poly(ethylene glycol) brush interface, which displays synthetic determinants of the high mannose N‐linked glycans in a range of densities (3.8 × 104–1.6 × 105 mannosides µm−2) for the investigation of multivalent interactions with bacteria. The bacterial attachment is mediated by specific interactions between the adhesive protein FimH located on the tip of the bacterial type 1 pili and the mannosylated surfaces. With synthetically engineered mannoses, it is found that the number of strongly adhering bacteria is co‐regulated by many structural physical parameters. Beyond the dependency on carbohydrate density, higher numbers of E. coli attach to the branched trimannose Man(α1–3)(Man(α1–6))Man compared to the monomannose, while larger oligomannoses exposing Man(α1–2) Man at their non reducing end show low binding capacity. The linker used between the mannose moiety and PEG is also affecting the binding efficacy of E. coli. The (hydrophobic) propyl linker results in higher bacteria numbers in comparison to the (hydrophilic) tri(EG), likely a consequence of additional stabilization of the binding complex by hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, differences are observed in bacteria attachment between stagnant and flow conditions that depend on the type of mannose ligand. Finally, a photolithographic resist lift‐off combined with site‐selective assembly of the glycopolymers is used to produce micropatterns with bacteria colonies confined to defined areas and at controlled colony numbers.
Postictal psychosis in partial epilepsy: A case–control study
Authors: Alper Kenneth , Kuzniecky Ruben , Carlson Chad , Barr William B. , Vorkas Charles K. , Patel Jignasa G. , Carrelli Angela L. , Starner Karen , Flom Peter L. , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveDivergent findings among prior studies on correlates of risk for postictal psychosis (PIP) suggest the value of a controlled study involving a relatively large number of patients.MethodsThe study population consisted of a consecutive series of 59 patients with partial epilepsy and a history of PIP, and 94 control patients with partial epilepsy and no history of PIP evaluated as inpatients with video‐electroencephalography. The groups did not differ significantly regarding demographic features. Exact tests yielded a subset of variables and a tentative interpretation that were evaluated further utilizing principal components analysis and logistic regression.ResultsPIP was associated with extratemporal versus temporal (p= 0.036) or undetermined (p= 0.001) localization of seizure onset, bilateral interictal epileptiform activity (p= 0.017), secondary generalization (p= 0.049), and history of encephalitis (p= 0.018). Interictal slow activity was more frequently absent in control patients (p= 0.045). PIP was associated with family histories of psychiatric disorders (p= 0.007) and epilepsy (p= 0.042), which themselves were significantly intercorrelated (r= 0.225;p= 0.006). Age of onset or duration of epilepsy and lateralized electroencephalographic or magnetic resonance imaging asymmetries did not differ significantly between control and PIP groups. The analysis indicated four underlying domains of risk for PIP: ambiguous/extratemporal localization, family neuropsychiatric history, abnormal interictal electroencephalographic activity, and encephalitis. Each unit increase on a simple additive scale composed of 9 dichotomous independent variables multiplied the odds ratio for PIP by 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.36–2.15;p< 0.0001).InterpretationPIP in partial epilepsy is associated with relatively broadly and bilaterally distributed epileptogenic networks, genetic determinants of psychiatric disorders and seizures, and encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2008;63:602–610
Primary central nervous system lymphoma can be histologically diagnosed after previous corticosteroid use: A pilot study to determine whether corticosteroids prevent the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Porter Alyx B. , Giannini Caterina , Kaufmann Timothy , Lucchinetti Claudia F. , Wu Wenting , Decker Paul A. , Atkinson John L. D. , O'Neill Brian Patrick 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe objective is to determine whether corticosteroid administration before biopsy prevents histopathological diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). A retrospective review was performed of immunocompetent PCNSL patients from 1985 to 2005. A total of 109 patients was identified. Sixty‐eight (63.6%) patients received corticosteroids before diagnosis. Thirteen patients (of 109; 12%) had undergone repeat brain biopsy to confirm PCNSL. These included 8 (of 68) patients who had received corticosteroids (12%), and 5 (of 39) who had not (13%) (p = 1.0). The majority of PCNSL patients who received corticosteroids before diagnosis did not experience significant radiographic change or require second biopsy for diagnosis. Ann Neurol 2008;63:662–667
Phase 2 trial of a DNA vaccine encoding myelin basic protein for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Garren Hideki , Robinson William H. , Krasulová Eva , Havrdová Eva , Nadj Congor , Selmaj Krzysztof , Losy Jacek , Nadj Ilinka , Radue Ernst‐Wilhelm , Kidd Brian A. , Gianettoni Jill , Tersini Karen , Utz Paul J. , Valone Frank , Steinman Lawrence ,   BHT‐3009 Study Group
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of BHT‐3009 in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and to confirm that BHT‐3009 causes immune tolerance.MethodsBHT‐3009 is a tolerizing DNA vaccine for MS, encoding full‐length human myelin basic protein. Relapsing‐remitting MS patients were randomized 1:1:1 into three groups: placebo, 0.5mg BHT‐3009, or 1.5mg BHT‐3009, given intramuscularly at weeks 0, 2, 4, and every 4 weeks thereafter until week 44. The primary end point was the 4‐week rate of occurrence of new gadolinium‐enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance images from weeks 28 to 48. Protein microarrays were used to measure levels of anti‐myelin autoantibodies.ResultsCompared with placebo, in the 267 patient analysis population the median 4‐week rate of new enhancing lesions during weeks 28 to 48 was 50% lower with 0.5mg BHT‐3009 (p = 0.07) and during weeks 8 to 48 was 61% lower with 0.5mg BHT‐3009 (p = 0.05). The mean volume of enhancing lesions at week 48 was 51% lower on 0.5mg BHT‐3009 compared with placebo (p = 0.02). No significant improvement in magnetic resonance imaging lesion parameters was observed with 1.5mg BHT‐3009. Dramatic reductions in 23 myelin‐specific autoantibodies in the 0.5mg BHT‐3009 arm were observed, but not with placebo or 1.5mg BHT‐3009.ConclusionsIn relapsing‐remitting MS patients, treatment with the lower dose (0.5mg) of BHT‐3009 for 44 weeks nearly attained the primary end point for reduction of the rate of new enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions (p = 0.07) and achieved several secondary end points including a reduction of the rate of enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions from weeks 8 to 48 (p = 0.05). Immunological data in a preselected subgroup of patients also indicated that treatment with 0.5mg induced antigen‐specific immune tolerance. The greater dose was ineffective. Ann Neurol 2008;63:611–620