bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exchange rate volatility and trade flows: a review article
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Hegerty Scott W. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeSince the last review article by McKenzie, the literature has experienced a surge in the number of empirical articles. These new contributions, coupled with those that were overlooked by McKenzie, set the stage for this review. Many of the recent studies have been empirical in nature and these deserve specific attention. Thus, this paper aims to survey and review all of the studies by paying attention to the attributes outlined in the text.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the vast empirical literature, up to 2005, to assess the main trends in modeling and estimating these trade flows at the aggregate, bilateral, and sectoral levels.FindingsThe increase in exchange‐rate volatility since 1973 has had indeterminate effects on international export and import flows. Although it can be assumed that an increase in risk may lead to a reduction in economic activity, the theoretical literature provides justifications for positive or insignificant effects as well. Similar results have been found in empirical tests. While modeling techniques have evolved over time to incorporate new developments in econometric analysis, no single measure of exchange‐rate volatility has dominated the literature.Originality/valueAn argument put forward by the opponents of the floating exchange rates is that such rates introduce uncertainty into the foreign exchange market, which could deter trade flows. However, a theoretical argument is put forward by some to show that uncertainty could also boost trade flows if traders increase their trade volume to offset any decrease in future revenue due to exchange rate volatility. The empirical literature reviewed in this paper supports both views.
Specifying the effect of location in multivariate valuation models for residential properties
Authors: McCluskey William J. , Borst Richard A. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore from a mass appraisal perspective how the effects of location are reflected within valuation models. The paper sets out to detail the various techniques and the efficacy of their application.Design/methodology/approachThe approach adopted is analytical and based upon the development of locational attributes. An extensive literature base is synthesized with methods being evaluated in their application to mass appraisal.FindingsThis research has identified that the three main groups interested in residential property valuation, namely, academia, industry and commerce have to a certain extent been unfamiliar with the research developments occurring in the other groups. The impact of this is important, given the need for integration and collaboration in terms of future model development.Research limitations/implicationsThe research underpinning this paper will provide a solid basis for further research into this area. The importance of measuring the effect that location has on value is of major significance in the determination of objective estimates of property value.Practical implicationsThose within the assessment community could be described as pragmatists working in a situation that requires feasible and suitable solutions to the problem of measuring location value. It is our contention that the third generation techniques of spatially varying parameter models and spatial autocorrelation models will require greater industry verification before their use becomes more widely accepted.Originality/valueThis paper provides a detailed analysis of methodologies used to reflect the value of location over the last 50 years. The debate is taken forward by describing what will be the contribution to the development of the next generation of location‐specific modeling techniques.
Measuring the impact of flooding on UK house prices
Authors: Lamond Jessica , Proverbs David , Antwi Adarkwah 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to show how the measurement of the effect of flooding on house value can be invaluable information for professional valuers and homeowners alike. In the UK, even for an event as devastating as the autumn 2000 flood, the number of properties affected in any one town is small and so robust estimation is problematic and methodology applied elsewhere needs modification. A new framework for analysing the effect of flooding on house value in the UK is presented.Design/methodology/approachData issues play a crucial role in determining the methodology employed in any analysis. A repeat sales methodology is proposed which allows for the tracking of effects through time. The analysis can be extended to multiple sites via a block design thereby increasing the sample size.FindingsEmpirical analysis of one case study site demonstrates the inherent small sample problem and yet reveals patterns that fall in line with expected outcomes in many respects.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study results are illustrative only. A programme of further analysis is planned which includes comparison of the new framework with more traditional approaches.Originality/valueA novel methodology is developed tracking the temporal variability in flood effect. The minimisation of data requirements inherent in the model allows for transfer to multiple sites and easy updating of the analysis.
The disposal of public sector sites by “development competition”
Authors: Fisher Peter , Robson Simon , Todd Suzanne 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate development competitions in England in order to uncover any shortcomings and point to improvements. A “development competition” is a sale by tender of publicly‐owned land with development potential where bidders also submit designs.Design/methodology/approachFirst, an interview survey of local authorities in north‐east England; second an interview survey with developers in north‐east England; third a questionnaire survey of local authority estates officers and fourth an interview survey with London based property consultants.FindingsDespite their theoretical attractions, some competitions have problems. Conflict exists between professions and agencies. Development competitions encounter difficulties between developer appointment and construction which may lead to delay or the developer pulling out.Research limitations/implicationsThe data collected are biased in favour of the financial/property perspective. Further research is therefore still required.Practical implicationsDespite its practical significance, no literature exists on this specific topic. The results reveal delays, disputes and sub‐optimal use of resources. Further research is needed leading to new official guidance covering all aspects of this process.Originality/valueLarge numbers of competitions are held in the UK each year. The disposal of sites in this way has become more significant due to the concentration of activity on brown‐field land. In future, the need to assemble urban land using compulsory purchase powers is likely to make competitions more frequent. These results, which highlight best practice, will be of interest to all professional people involved.
What is a library OPAC?
Authors: Wells David 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to look at online public access catalogues (OPAC) operations in the light of the philosophy of information, communication theory and semiotics, and to revisit fundamental questions about the nature of library OPACs and the ways in which they function.Design/methodology/approachThis exercise is pursued through examination of the multiple tensions implicit in any cataloguing or indexing system: the competing requirements of organisation and retrieval, description and classification.FindingsThe paper finds that for an OPAC to be practicably usable the potential complexity of the information it contains must be reduced to a manageable level of simplicity. OPACs purport to allow complete retrieval, even though data structures and index definitions are not transparent. They necessarily impose a framework of retrieval that conceals information at the same time as it presents it, and therefore to an extent they undermine the very concept of information literacy. In an online environment catalogues have been able easily to move beyond the scope of individual library collections and to incorporate an increasing range of non‐traditional types of information, thus introducing further tensions between their roles as indexes and as information sources in their own right.Originality/valueThe multiple tensions involved can be conceptualised in terms of indeterminacy of the communication code and indeterminacy of the linguistic sign. A clear theoretically‐based understanding of these issues is essential to ensuring optimal OPAC design.
SMS reference: keeping up with your clients
Authors: Herman Sonia 
Published: August 2007

PurposeIn an attempt to meet evolving client needs, Southbank Library needed to become more flexible in the way services were delivered. The paper investigates whether providing a short message service (SMS) for students to text the library for information would offer a readily accessible alternative to e‐mail and live chat services.Design/methodology/approachSMS reference services where thoroughly researched in Australia and overseas to gage their usefulness for Southbank Institute libraries. Demographic statistics of the student population allowed researchers to determine how appropriate SMS reference technology would prove to be for library clients.FindingsThe paper finds that implementing SMS reference allowed the library the opportunity to access students via a familiar accessible service. SMS a Librarian has become part of the Southbank Institute Library Ask a Librarian service, which includes e‐mail, phone and live chat access for students and staff. By adding this new technology to the reference services, users are now able to send questions and receive answers from Southbank librarians by using the text messaging facility on their mobile phones.Practical applicationsSMS has become a popular way of communicating particularly among the younger generation. However, it is important that individual libraries evaluate the appropriateness of this technology for their clientele. For Southbank library it was a suitable technology as so many of the students use text messaging. It was felt that a large number of international students would benefit from this service. Often students with English as a second language feel more comfortable texting a question then using more conventional methods of communication. The success of the SMS reference service at Southbank Institute library revolves around three key points: SMS meets our clients' needs instantly; SMS is a relevant form of communication for students; and finally, the ease of providing SMS technology. Originality/value – When researching other educational institutions using SMS reference technology it became clear that universities were leading the field. Southbank Institute of Technology was the first vocational education institute to implement SMS reference and its experience should benefit similar skilled‐based training institutes.
RFID systems, standards and privacy within libraries
Authors: Butters Alan 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the perceived threats of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems in libraries, to probe their technical feasibility and to present a clear picture of what may and may not be done by libraries to mitigate the risk that actually exists.Design/methodology/approachThe current RFID standards are examined in the context of privacy and their limitations are weighed.FindingsThe paper finds that current standards do not offer a platform for secure RFID systems and have several vulnerabilities that may permit privacy compromising activities and acts of digital vandalism. It suggests that libraries need to be aware of these.Research limitations/implicationsThe RFID application space is vast and spans multiple technology platforms and standards of which libraries are but a small part. Observations made regarding one application are not necessarily valid in another application.Practical applicationsThe paper shows what could be done in the future by commercial RFID vendors to maintain compatibility with standards while maximising the data security and therefore borrower privacy of their systems.Originality/valueNo subject has so polarised libraries in recent years as the potential risk to personal privacy brought about by the introduction of RFID systems. It can be extremely difficult for libraries to accurately gauge the risks to the privacy of their borrowers in the context of rhetoric, which at times borders on the hysterical and is often misinformed. The paper addresses the myths and misconceptions and raises awareness of the issues.
Unlocking The Garage: a web portal for car enthusiasts
Authors: Fielding Elizabeth 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to look at the rationale, technical challenges and rewards involved in conceptually linking discrete digital resources in a way that is useful to the library's public.Design/methodology/approachAny subject analysis of reference enquiries submitted to state or public libraries over a given period is likely to identify car repair information as an enduring source of popular interest. The Garage web portal was developed in response to the very large number of requests – received over many years from both individuals and public libraries around the state of Queensland – for information about vehicle maintenance and restoration. Its inspiration was in the recognition that a substantial and potentially very useful part of the State Library's extensive collection in this area was not visible to the public.FindingsThe Garage's technical achievement was in bringing together the impressive, ten‐year indexing effort of two expert volunteers and a unique collection of several hundred historical photographs on Queensland motoring – and in making these available through a searchable portal on the State Library's web site.Originality/valueThe paper considers the opportunities inherent in opening up high demand areas in library collections and it offers an illustration of how expertise in the community can be shared with the library's wider public. It will be of value to anyone with an interest in capitalising on particular collection strengths in response to user driven demand – and it will be of particular interest to those who recognise car enthusiasts as a significant client group.
On the relation of systematic risk and accounting variables
Authors: Chiou Chei‐Chang , Su Robert K. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to use an analytical approach to examine the relation of systematic risk and accounting variables.Design/methodology/approachThe paper theoretically integrates the capital asset pricing model, Cobb‐Douglas function and clean surplus relation to derive the relation.FindingsThe analytical results suggest that determinants of systematic risk include earnings, sales growth, book value, dividend, degree of operating leverage (DOL), degree of financial leverage (DFL), market return, and risk‐free return. Three general conclusions are: For a firm with positive prior‐year earnings and current‐year sales growth, if the combined effect of its current book value, dividend and earnings on stock price is positive (negative), then its degree of total leverage has a positive (negative) effect on systematic risk; When the effect of book value and earnings on stock price each is positive and the effect of dividend on stock price is positive (negative), then the dividend has a positive (negative) effect on systematic risk; For a firm with positive (negative) sales growth, its DOL is positively (negatively) related with its DFL for a given level of systematic risk.Originality/valueThe findings have significant implications for the risk management literature and practice.
Size, book/market ratio and risk factor returns: evidence from China A‐share market
Authors: Chen Jianguo , Leong Kan Kwong , Anderson Hamish 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the risk factors for A‐shares listed on both Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchange in China using variables from Akgun and Gibson.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies cross‐sectional regression on the orthogonal components by rearranging these risk variables into several principal components.FindingsThe results produced strong evidence that size and book‐to‐market (BM) ratio could be well explained by these alternative risk variables. Additionally, the alternative variables are better at explaining returns in terms of adjusted R‐squares.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of the study is that investors can improve both their pricing of the investment risk and their management of the risk factors with the alternatives identified in the study.Originality/valueThe paper provides evidence in explaining the size and BM effects in China's stock markets.
Dynamics of an electromagnetic linear actuator operating in error actuated control system
Authors: Nowak Lech , Radziuk Kazimierz 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to present an algorithm for a dynamical field‐circuit coupled simulation of an electromagnetic linear actuator operating in automated control systems.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical model includes: a transient electromagnetic field formulation for a non‐linear conducting and moving medium, equations which describe the electric circuits of the converter and the supply system, the equation of mechanical motion, the equation describing closed‐loop control and models for the sensor and the PID controller. The numerical implementation is based on the finite element method and the step‐by‐step algorithm for time discretization. In order to account for the nonlinearity of the ferromagnetic core the Newton‐Raphson procedure has been applied. The influence of the PID controller settings on the operation of the controlled actuator is shown. Dynamic disturbances, e.g. step change of the set value of mover position or change of loading force, have been analyzed.FindingsThe elaborated algorithm and the computer code can be an effective tool for field‐circuit simulation of the dynamics of an electromagnetic linear actuator operating in an automatic control system. Only tapered plunger should be used as multi‐stable actuators.Originality/valueThe study provides information of value in electromagnetic research.
Magnetic design considerations to improve nonlinear characteristics of inductively coupled power transfer systems
Authors: Kacprzak D. , Sykulski J.K. 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis study seeks to apply finite element analysis to study the proximity effect in a multi‐pickup inductively coupled power transfer system, quantify the effect and propose improved pick‐up configurations.Design/methodology/approachA mixture of approximate analytical formulae and accurate finite‐element simulations has been used as a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Simplified consideration of magnetic flux paths aids understanding, whereas detailed numerical computation provides reliable performance prediction.FindingsIt is shown that a multi‐pickup formation of conventional E‐pickups may lead to power loss due to negative coupling between neighbouring pickups and that the phenomenon is nonlinear. Thus, two novel configurations for multi‐pickup systems have been proposed, an alternately‐directed Z‐pickup and a spilt‐type E‐pickup, both showing improved linearity, increased total power and more efficient use of ferromagnetic material.Research limitations/implicationsThe investigation aimed mainly at the electromagnetic performance, while economic issues will still need to be addressed.Practical implicationsThe proposed pick‐up configurations may be very helpful in systems where improved performance is needed but space or configuration limitations restrict or eliminate the possibility of using other designs.Originality/valueThe finite‐element aided magnetic field simulation has proved invaluable in achieving difficult design objectives. The combination of a simplified analytical approach and detailed numerical analysis has provided a reliable tool for accomplishing improved designs.
Sub‐domain finite element method for efficiently considering strong skin and proximity effects
Authors: Dular Patrick , Sabariego Ruth V. , Gyselinck Johan , Krähenbühl Laurent 
Published: August 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to develop a sub‐domain perturbation technique to efficiently calculate strong skin and proximity effects in conductors within frequency and time domain finite element (FE) analyses.Design/methodology/approachA reference eddy current FE problem is first solved by considering perfect conductors. This is done via appropriate boundary conditions (BCs) on the conductors. Next the solution of the reference problem gives the source for eddy current FE perturbation sub‐problems in each conductor then considered with a finite conductivity. Each of these problems requires an appropriate volume mesh of the associated conductor and its surrounding region.FindingsThe skin and proximity effects in both active and passive conductors can be accurately determined in a wide frequency range, allowing for precise losses calculations in inductors as well as in external conducting pieces.Originality/valueThe developed method allows one to accurately determine the current density distributions and ensuing losses in conductors of any shape, not only in the frequency domain but also in the time domain. Therefore, it extends the domain of validity and applicability of impedance‐type BC techniques. It also offers an original way to uncouple FE regions that allows the solution process to be lightened, as well as efficient parameterized analyses on the signal form and the conductor characteristics.
Eddy current influence on electromagnetic emissions of laminated cores
Authors: Duchesne Stéphane , Napieralska‐Juszczak Ewa , Roger Daniel 
Published: August 2007

PurposeA new model able to describe the high frequency (HF) behaviour of the laminated cores of AC machines is proposed. The aim is to compute the external flux density of machine cores, corresponding to electromagnetic emissions in the HF range when the skin effect is predominant.Design/methodology/approachFor high frequencies, the skin depth is much lower than the thickness of a lamination and the external flux density is determined using a new analytical model. The validity of this model is confirmed by measurements performed on a magnetic core representing a small part of a large machine and a finite element 3D simulation.FindingsFor high frequencies, the external flux density is computed considering an equivalent current layer flowing on the laminated core external surface. Eddy currents in the laminated core have a large influence on the current density in this current layer.Research limitations/implicationsThe new model proposed is valid when the skin depth is lower than half the thickness of a lamination.Practical implicationsThe knowledge of the machine magnetic core behaviour in the frame of the HF electromagnetic emissions has practical applications for large AC machine maintenance such as the localization of partial discharges in the winding insulation. With this model, it is possible to analyse the information given by small magnetic sensors placed between the machine core and the external frame to solve all the insulation problems.Originality/valueThe new proposed model is able to establish a link between the electric HF phenomena in the windings of a working machine and the magnetic flux density outside the laminated core.