bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbodiimide‐Driven Toughening of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks
Authors: Rajawasam Chamoni W. H. , Tran Corvo , Sparks Jessica L. , Krueger William H. , Hartley C. Scott , Konkolewicz Dominik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that temporary crosslinks in polymer networks generated by chemical “fuels” afford materials with large, transient changes in their mechanical properties. This can be accomplished in carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized polymer hydrogels using carbodiimides, which generate anhydride crosslinks with lifetimes on the order of minutes to hours. Here, the impact of the polymer network architecture on the mechanical properties of transiently crosslinked materials was explored. Single networks (SNs) were compared to interpenetrated networks (IPNs). Notably, semi‐IPN precursors that give IPNs on treatment with carbodiimide give much higher fracture energies (i.e., resistance to fracture) and superior resistance to compressive strain compared to other network architectures. A precursor semi‐IPN material featuring acrylic acid in only the free polymer chains yields, on treatment with carbodiimide, an IPN with a fracture energy of 2400 J/m2, a fourfold increase compared to an analogous semi‐IPN precursor that yields a SN. This resistance to fracture enables the formation of macroscopic complex cut patterns, even at high strain, underscoring the pivotal role of polymer architecture in mechanical performance.
Na2C3O2: The First Crystalline Compound with the Elusive −C≡C−COO− Anion
Authors: Krüger Markus , Lamann‐Glees Alexandra , Sebastian Sean S. , Siegel Renée , Senker Jürgen , Hempelmann Jan , Dronskowski Richard , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy reaction of sodium electride or NaC2H with the anhydrous sodium salt of propiolic acid, Na(OOC−C≡C−H), in liquid ammonia crystalline powders of Na2C3O2 were obtained. The structure analysis based on synchrotron powder diffraction data revealed that Na2C3O2 crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell (I2/a, Z=4) exhibiting the elusive Y‐shaped −C≡C−COO− anion, which is unprecedented in a crystalline compound up to now. IR/Raman and solid‐state NMR spectroscopic investigations with assignments supported by DFT‐based ab initio calculations confirm this finding. Reaction with sodium electride led to a higher crystallinity of the product, but additionally a by‐product apparently due to decomposition and polymerization of Na2C3O2 was formed. No such by‐product was observed in the reaction with NaC2H, which turned out to be a milder metalation route. However, the product of the latter reaction is less crystalline.
Photosensitized covalent organic framework as a light‐induced oxidase mimic for colorimetric detection of uric acid
Authors: Wang Meng Ping , Li Hui Han , Wu Ting , Xiao Sai Jin , Liu Guang Zhou , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs large numbers of people are suffering from gout, an accurate, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of gout biomarker, uric acid, is important for its effective control, diagnosis, and therapy. Although colorimetric detection methods based on uricase have been considered, they still have limitations as they produce toxic H2O2 and are expensive and not stable. Here, a novel uricase‐free colorimetric method was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of uric acid based on the light‐induced oxidase‐mimicking activity of a new photosensitized covalent organic framework (COF) (2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile–4‐[2‐(4‐formylphenyl)ethynyl]benzaldehyde COF [DCTP–EDA COF]). DCTP–EDA COF has a strong ability to harvest visible light, and it could catalyze the oxidation of 1,4‐dioxane, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine under visible light irradiation to produce obvious color changes. With the addition of uric acid, however, the significant inhibition of the oxidase‐mimicking activity of DCTP–EDA COF remarkably faded the color, and thus uric acid could be colorimetrically detected in the range of 2.0–150 μM with a limit of detection of 0.62 μM (3σ/K). Moreover, the present colorimetric method exhibited high selectivity; uric acid level in serum samples was successfully determined, and the recoveries ranged from 96.5% to 105.64%, suggesting the high accuracy of the present colorimetric method, which demonstrates great promise in clinical analysis.
A novel green spectrofluorimetric method for simultaneous determination of antazoline and tetryzoline in their ophthalmic formulation
Authors: Hussein Ola G. , Ahmed Dina A. , Abdelkawy Mohamed , Rezk Mamdouh R. , Rostom Yasmin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for determination of antazoline (ANT) and tetryzoline (TET) in their pharmaceutical formulation. A combined application of synchronous spectrofluorimetry and second derivative mathematical treatment was developed. The proposed method depends on reacting the cited drugs with dansyl chloride (DNS‐Cl) being a suitable derivatizing agent generating highly fluorescent derivatives measured at emission wavelengths of 703.0 and 642.0 nm after excitation wavelengths of 350.0 and 320.0 nm for ANT and TET, respectively. The joint use of synchronous spectrofluorimetry with second derivative mathematical treatment is for the first time to be developed and optimized in aid of using fluorescence data manager software generating second derivative peak amplitudes at 556.5 nm for ANT and 516.7 nm for TET. Linear responses have been represented over a wide range of concentration (0.5–12.0 μg/mL for ANT and 0.5–10.0 μg/mL for TET). Additionally, statistical comparison of the developed method with the official ones has been carried out where no significant difference was found. Additionally, greenness profile assessment was accomplished by means of four metric tools. Indeed, the method developed is found to be precise, sensitive, and discriminating to assess the cited drugs for regular analysis.
Grain protein and amino acid dynamics in sorghum with in‐season split‐nitrogen application
Authors: Ostmeyer Troy J. , Impa S. M. , Peiris Kamaranga H. S. , Bean Scott R. , Ritchie Glen , Krishna Jagadish S. V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesField experiments were conducted to assess the influence of in‐season split application of nitrogen (N) on grain protein, protein digestibility, and amino acid dynamics in grain sorghum, in three different environments. Treatments included a zero N check and eight treatments with varying N application timings and amounts.FindingsThe five high N treatments had significantly greater grain protein content than all the lower N treatments. As the total protein increased, the kafirin portion of the protein increased, whereas the albumin‐globulin levels decreased. Nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on 13 of the 18 amino acids. High N applications significantly increased amino acids on a protein basis including alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, proline, and phenylalanine.ConclusionsTreatment N92 with N applied at 92 kg N ha−1 as split application at three different growth stages including planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as the optimum N treatment for increasing protein and amino acid concentration in grain sorghum.Significance and NoveltyThe ideal N application approach identified can be used to screen a wide range of sorghum hybrids under varying levels of irrigation and the same N treatments can be adopted by producers to enhance grain protein in sorghum.
Pregnancy‐associated osteoporosis following in vitro fertilization: A case report
Authors: Rahimi Mehran , Daneshvar Sara , Khabbazi Alireza 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case report illustrates that in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be a potential risk factor for pregnancy‐associated osteoporosis (PAO), highlighting the need for awareness and monitoring of bone health in women undergoing IVF treatments. PAO is a rare disease resulting from an imbalance of calcium in the body during pregnancy and lactation and presenting with fragility fractures. PAO occurs in late pregnancy or early postpartum period. A 28‐year‐old woman who conceived through IVF experienced severe back pain 2 days after delivery. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed wedge‐shaped fractures of T9‐T12 vertebrae. Bone mineral density (BMD) was low on dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. The laboratory tests were within the normal range. Based on the clinical manifestations, osteoporotic spine fracture, results of BMD, and exclusion of other causes of osteoporosis, the patient was diagnosed with PAO. Considering the deleterious effect of treatment with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and repeated superovulation on bone, we hypothesized that IVF may be an etiological factor for PAO.
Lignin‐derived carbon with pyridine N‐B doping and a nanosandwich structure for high and stable lithium storage
Authors: Wu Dichao , Li Jiayuan , Zhao Yuying , Wang Ao , Zhang Gaoyue , Jiang Jianchun , Fan Mengmeng , Sun Kang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived carbon is a promising electrode material in energy storage devices. However, how to improve its low capacity and stability, and slow diffusion kinetics during lithium storage remains a challenge. In this research, we propose a “self‐assembly‐template” method to prepare B, N codoped porous carbon (BN‐C) with a nanosandwich structure and abundant pyridinic N‐B species. The nanosandwich structure can increase powder density and cycle stability by constructing a stable solid electrolyte interphase film, shortening the Li+ diffusion pathway, and accommodating volume expansion during repeated charging/discharging. The abundant pyridinic N‐B species can simultaneously promote the adsorption/desorption of Li+/PF6− and reduce the diffusion barrier. The BN‐C electrode showed a high lithium‐ion storage capacity of above 1140 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and superior stability (96.5% retained after 2000 cycles). Moreover, owing to the synergistic effect of the nanosandwich structure and pyridinic N‐B species, the assembled symmetrical BN‐C//BN‐C full cell shows a high energy density of 234.7 W h kg−1, high power density of 39.38 kW kg−1, and excellent cycling stability, superior to most of the other cells reported in the literature. As the density functional theory simulation demonstrated, pyridinic N‐B shows enhanced adsorption activity for Li+ and PF6−, which promotes an increase in the capacity of the anode and cathode, respectively. Meanwhile, the relatively lower diffusion barrier of pyridinic N‐B promotes Li+ migration, resulting in good rate performance. Therefore, this study provides a new approach for the synergistic modulation of a nanostructure and an active site simultaneously to fabricate the carbon electrode material in energy storage devices.
Producing Conventional and Transient Amino(mercapto)methyl Radicals by Addition of Muonium to a Crystalline Thioformamide (Mes*NHCH=S)
Authors: Akama Hikaru , Kojima Kenji M. , McKenzie Iain , Ito Shigekazu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMuonium (Mu=μ+e−) is composed of a muon of light isotope of proton (μ+) and electron (e−) and can be used as a light surrogate for a hydrogen atom. In this paper, we investigated addition of muonium to a newly synthesized Mes*‐substituted thioformamide (Mes*NHCH=S, Mes*=2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2). Transverse‐field muon spin rotation (TF‐μSR) of a solution sample of the thioformamide confirmed addition of muonium to the sulfur atom leading to the corresponding C‐centered radical [Mes*NHC(H)⋅−SMu]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations assigned a conventional amino(mercapto)methyl radical, in which both nitrogen and carbon were slightly pyramidalized, and the calculated muon hyperfine coupling constant (hfcc) including the muon isotope effect was compatible with the experimentally determined parameter. However, the muon level‐crossing resonance (μLCR) spectrum of an anisotropic crystalline sample indicated two paramagnetic species, and the major product showed the considerably larger muon hfcc compared with the conventional structure of the amino(mercapto)methyl radical. The unusual transient muoniated thioformamide with the larger muon hfcc that showed rapid relaxation could be only explained by a transient structure including planarization of the nitrogen and carbon atoms in Mes*NHC(H)⋅−SMu.
Liquid biopsy of wash samples obtained via endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy: Comparison with liquid biopsy of plasma in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ohyama Hiroshi , Hirotsu Yosuke , Amemiya Kenji , Amano Hiroyuki , Hirose Sumio , Oyama Toshio , Iimuro Yuji , Kojima Yuichiro , Mikata Rintaro , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Kato Naoya , Omata Masao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesPancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Liquid biopsy, which analyzes circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood, holds promise for precision medicine; however, low ctDNA detection rates pose challenges. This study aimed to investigate the utility of wash samples obtained via endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) as a liquid biopsy for PC.MethodsA total of 166 samples (42 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded [FFPE] tissues, 80 wash samples, and 44 plasma samples) were collected from 48 patients with PC for genomic analysis. DNA was extracted and quantified, and 60 significantly mutated genes were sequenced. The genomic profiles of FFPE tissues, wash samples, and plasma samples were compared. Finally, the ability to detect druggable mutations in 80 wash samples and 44 plasma samples was investigated.ResultsThe amount of DNA was significantly lower in plasma samples than in wash samples. Genomic analysis revealed a higher detection rate of oncogenic mutations in FFPE tissues (98%) and wash samples (96%) than in plasma samples (18%) and a comparable detection rate in FFPE tissues and wash samples. Tumor‐derived oncogenic mutations were detected more frequently in wash samples than in plasma samples. Furthermore, the oncogenic mutations detection rate remained high in wash samples at all PC stages but low in plasma samples even at advanced PC stages. Using wash samples was more sensitive than plasma samples for identifying oncogenic and druggable mutations.ConclusionsThe wash sample obtained via EUS‐FNB is an ideal specimen for use as a liquid biopsy for PC.
Warm places, warm years, and warm seasons increase parasitizing of moose by winter ticks
Authors: DeCesare Nicholas J. , Harris Richard B. , Atwood M. Paul , Bergman Eric J. , Courtemanch Alyson B. , Cross Paul C. , Fralick Gary L. , Hersey Kent R. , Hurley Mark A. , Koser Troy M. , Levine Rebecca L. , Monteith Kevin L. , Newby Jesse R. , Peterson Collin J. , Robertson Samuel , Wise Benjamin L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObserved links between parasites, such as ticks, and climate change have aroused concern for human health, wildlife population dynamics, and broader ecosystem effects. The one‐host life history of the winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) links each annual cohort to environmental conditions during three specific time periods when they are predictably vulnerable: spring detachment from hosts, summer larval stage, and fall questing for hosts. We used mixed‐effects generalized linear models to investigate the drivers of tick loads carried by moose (Alces alces) relative to these time periods and across 750 moose, 10 years, and 16 study areas in the western United States. We tested for the effects of biotic factors (moose density, shared winter range, vegetation, migratory behavior) and weather conditions (temperature, snow, humidity) during each seasonal period when ticks are vulnerable and off‐host. We found that warm climatic regions, warm seasonal periods across multiple partitions of the annual tick life cycle, and warm years relative to long‐term averages each contributed to increased tick loads. We also found important effects of snow and other biotic factors such as host density and vegetation. Tick loads in the western United States were, on average, lower than those where tick‐related die‐offs in moose populations have occurred recently, but loads carried by some individuals may be sufficient to cause mortality. Lastly, we found interannual variation in tick loads to be most correlated with spring snowpack, suggesting this environmental component may have the highest potential to induce change in tick load dynamics in the immediate future of this region.
Metal‐based smart nanosystems in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Ying , He Xiaojing , Du Qianying , Xu Lian , Xu Jie , Wang Junrui , Zhang Wenli , Zhong Yixin , Guo Dajing , Liu Yun , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetals are an emerging topic in cancer immunotherapy that have shown great potential in modulating cancer immunity cycle and promoting antitumor immunity by activating the intrinsic immunostimulatory mechanisms which have been identified in recent years. The main challenge of metal‐assisted immunotherapy lies in the fact that the free metals as ion forms are easily cleared during circulation, and even cause systemic metal toxicity due to the off‐target effects. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, metal‐based smart nanosystems (MSNs) with unique controllable structure become one of the most promising delivery carriers to solve the issue, owing to their various endogenous/external stimuli‐responsiveness to release free metal ions for metalloimmunotherapy. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress in metal‐related immunotherapy is comprehensively summarized. First, the mainstream mechanisms of MSNs‐assisted immunotherapy will be delineated. The immunological effects of certain metals and categorization of MSNs with different characters and compositions are then provided, followed by the representative exemplar applications of MSNs in cancer treatment, and synergistic combination immunotherapy. Finally, we conclude this review with a summary of the remaining challenges associated with MSNs and provide the authors' perspective on their further advances.
Higher area deprivation index is associated with poorer local control and overall survival in non‐metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Malik Nauman H. , Montero Mackenzie , Chen Jie Jane , Sinha Sumi , Yom Sue S. , Chan Jason W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood socioeconomic deprivation impacts outcomes in various cancers. We examined this association in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients using the area deprivation index (ADI).MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution retrospective cohort study on NPC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy from 1980 to 2023. ADI was used as the primary exposure measure. Higher ADI indicates higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation.ResultsOf 561 patients, those with higher ADI (6–10 vs. 1–5) presented more commonly with AJCC stage III/IV compared to I/II (87% vs. 76%, p = 0.03). Increasing ADI decile score correlated with poorer overall survival (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.28, p = 0.04). Local control was worse in patients from the most deprived quartile in the cohort ADI 5–10 (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.01–4.41, p = 0.05).ConclusionsNPC patients from more disadvantaged neighborhoods undergoing radiotherapy had worse local control and survival outcomes. Interventions to address structural determinants of health and neighborhood disparities may improve these outcomes.
The prevalence of 17 common respiratory viruses in patients with respiratory illness but negative for COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sadeh Tehrani Reyhaneh , Mohammadjafari Hanieh , Alizadeh Sheida , Naseroleslami Maryam , Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSecond to COVID‐19 pandemic, other viral respiratory infections are still important causes of human diseases or co‐infections. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the common respiratory viruses in patients with respiratory illness diagnosed negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 in primary screening.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, a real‐time PCR was carried out using HiTeq. 17 Viro Respiratory pathogen One Step RT‐PCR Kit (Genova, Bonda Faravar, Bioluence, Tehran, Iran).ResultsA total of 311 individuals (mean age ± SD: 48.2 ± 21.7 years, range: 1–97 years) underwent second PCR. Among these, 161 (51.7%) were female. In total, 55 (17.6%) cases (mean age ± SD: 45.7 ± 18.1 years) were found positive for respiratory viruses panel in the second PCR. The HCoV‐OC43/HKU1 was in 5.4% (17/311), Flu A in 4.5% (14/311), HCoV‐229E/NL63 in 2.8% (9/311), HMPV in 1.9% (6/311), HPiV 1, 2, 3 in 1.2% (4/311), HRSV in 0.9% (3/311), and HAdV in 0.6% (2/311) of the cases studies. Also, co‐infection was detected in 4 samples (1.2%). In addition, sore throat (0.028), headache (p = 0.016), and body pain (p = 0.0001) were statistically the most significant symptoms in studied cases.ConclusionAccording to the findings of our study, respiratory virus infections and co‐infections were 17.6% and 1.2% frequent, respectively. Interestingly, nearly half of our positive cases (47.2%) were identified by coronaviruses (ОС43, Е229, NL63, and HKUI), followed by influenza A virus (25.4%). However, for more comprehensive results, we recommend using greater sample size.
Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: Early detection should be focused
Authors: Hossain Md. Jamal , Al‐Mamun Md. , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes is recognized as a significant factor in both mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting various demographics regardless of geographic location, age group, or gender. This correspondence aims to express concern and draw the attention of leaders and policymakers worldwide to this critical public health issue.MethodsA thorough literature search was conducted utilizing various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) website, to collect the required data. Keywords were strategically applied to enhance search results, with preference given to English‐language articles containing pertinent information.ResultsAccording to the 2021 report by the IDF, approximately 537 million individuals globally were affected with diabetes, constituting roughly 10.5% of the world's populace. This condition incurred healthcare expenditures totaling $966 billion. Projections indicate a surge in diabetes cases to 783 million by 2045, with associated healthcare costs estimated to surpass $1054 billion. However, almost half of all people with diabetes are unaware of their medical condition, with the highest prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes Mellitus (DM) found in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) of the regions of Africa, the Western Pacific, and Southeast Asia.ConclusionCollaborating with the World Health Organization (WHO), LMIC governments should improve healthcare accessibility, including more frequent diabetes screenings for individuals aged ≥ 45 years and younger individuals at elevated risk of having a family history.