bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The patterns of antihypertensive drug prescription by cardiologists in Kerman province of Iran, 2006
Authors: Sepehri Gholamreza , Talebizadeh Nooshin , Mirzazadeh Ali , Mohsenbeigi Mottahareh 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeThis study was performed to evaluate the antihypertensive prescribing pattern by cardiologists in outpatients attending private clinics in Kerman province, Iran during 1 year period, 2006.MethodsUsing random sampling method, 1102 prescriptions issued by cardiologists were investigated. The prescriptions of outpatients which contain at least one antihypertensive medication were separated for further analysis. Using World Health Organization (WHO) standard drug indicators, we evaluate the quality and quantity of prescriptions. The indices were compared between different sex groups by SPSS 11.5 software.ResultsAbout 39% of the patients were male. The average age of the individuals was 57.3 ± 13. The mean number of drugs per prescription was 2.84 ± 0.7, but the average of antihypertensive drugs per prescription was 1.4 ± 0.3, similarly in both sexes. The most prescribed drug class was β‐blockers (46.2%) followed by calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (19.2%), angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (13.7%), diuretics (10.3%), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (9.2%) and other antihypertensive agents (1.5%). Most of the hypertensive patients (69.6%) were treated with a single drug while 31.4% of the patients received more than one drug. There was not a significant gender difference between the types of drug class used. Statins and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) were prescribed as cardiovascular disease preventive drugs in 10.2 and 38% of hypertensive patients, respectively.ConclusionThe mean numbers of drugs per prescription by cardiologists in Kerman province of Iran were not in agreement with WHO standard drug use indicators. Lower using rate of diuretics, statins and ASA need a comprehensive reassessment of the medical management of hypertensive patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RANKL acts directly on RANK‐expressing prostate tumor cells and mediates migration and expression of tumor metastasis genes
Authors: Armstrong Allison P. , Miller Robert E. , Jones Jon C. , Zhang Jian , Keller Evan T. , Dougall William C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetastases to bone are a frequent complication of human prostate cancer and result in the development of osteoblastic lesions that include an underlying osteoclastic component. Previous studies in rodent models of breast and prostate cancer have established that receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) inhibition decreases bone lesion development and tumor growth in bone. RANK is essential for osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival via its expression on osteoclasts and their precursors. RANK expression has also been observed in some tumor cell types such as breast and colon, suggesting that RANKL may play a direct role on tumor cells.METHODSMale CB17 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were injected with PC3 cells intratibially and treated with either PBS or human osteprotegerin (OPG)‐Fc, a RANKL antagonist. The formation of osteolytic lesions was analyzed by X‐ray, and local and systemic levels of RANKL and OPG were analyzed. RANK mRNA and protein expression were assessed on multiple prostate cancer cell lines, and events downstream of RANK activation were studied in PC3 cells in vitro.RESULTSOPG‐Fc treatment of PC3 tumor‐bearing mice decreased lesion formation and tumor burden. Systemic and local levels of RANKL expression were increased in PC3 tumor bearing mice. PC3 cells responded to RANKL by activating multiple signaling pathways which resulted in significant changes in expression of genes involved in osteolysis and migration. RANK activation via RANKL resulted in increased invasion of PC3 cells through a collagen matrix.CONCLUSIONThese data demonstrate that host stromal RANKL is induced systemically and locally as a result of PC3 prostate tumor growth within the skeleton. RANK is expressed on prostate cancer cells and promotes invasion in a RANKL‐dependent manner. Prostate 68: 92–104, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐4 stimulates androgen‐independent growth in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lee Soo Ok , Pinder Elaine , Chun Jae Yeon , Lou Wei , Sun Meng , Gao Allen C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDClinical data showed that the levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) are significantly elevated in serum of patients with ablation resistant prostate cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that IL‐4 enhances androgen receptor (AR) activation mediated by NF‐κB in the absence or in the very low levels of androgen in prostate cancer cells. In this study, the role of IL‐4 in promoting the growth of androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells was examined.METHODSLNCaP cells were transfected with a full‐length IL‐4 cDNA and stable clones expressing IL‐4 were selected. The growth of LNCaP cells expressing IL‐4 was analyzed in vitro and in vivo both in the presence and absence of androgen.RESULTSOverexpression of IL‐4 enhances the growth of androgen‐sensitive LNCaP cells in culture media containing charcoal‐stripped FBS condition (CS‐FBC), and increases the sensitivity of LNCaP cells in response to androgen stimulation. The DHT‐mediated cell growth could not be blocked by bicalutamide in IL‐4 overexpressing LNCaP cells, but can be neutralized by bicalutamide in parental LNCaP and neo control cells. Furthermore, overexpression of IL‐4 stimulates tumor growth of androgen‐sensitive LNCaP cells both in intact and castrated male mice.CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of IL‐4 increases the sensitivity of androgen‐sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells in response to androgen stimulation and enhances the growth of LNCaP cells both in the presence and absence of androgen in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggest that IL‐4 plays an important role in promoting androgen‐independent prostate cancer growth. Prostate 68: 85–91, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials to reduce hemorrhage during myomectomy for uterine fibroids
Authors: Kongnyuy E.J. , van den Broek N. , Wiysonge C.S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions to reduce blood loss during myomectomy.MethodsElectronic searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, between 1966 and 2006 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsWe found significant reductions in blood loss with vaginal misoprostol (weighted mean difference [WMD] − 149.00 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 229.24 to − 68.76); intramyometrial vasopressin and analogues (WMD − 298.72 mL, 95% CI − 593.10 to − 4.34); intramyometrial bupivacaine plus epinephrine (WMD − 68.60 mL, 95% CI − 93.69 to − 43.51); and pericervical tourniquet (WMD − 1870.00 mL, 95% CI − 2547.16 to − 1192.84). There was no evidence of effect in blood loss with myoma enucleation by morcellation and oxytocin.ConclusionThere is limited evidence from a few RCTs that some interventions may reduce bleeding during myomectomy. There is need for adequately powered RCTs to shed more light on the effectiveness, safety, and cost of different interventions to reduce blood loss during myomectomy.
Comparison of depth of necrosis achieved by CO2‐ and N2O‐cryotherapy
Authors: Mariategui J. , Santos C. , Taxa L. , Jeronimo J. , Castle P.E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the depth of necrosis achieved using CO2‐ and N2O‐cryotherapy.MethodWe treated 20 women with CO2‐cryotherapy and 20 with N2O‐cryotherapy 24 h prior to undergoing total hysterectomy for reasons unrelated to cervical cancer. Depth of necrosis in the ectocervix was measured on surgically removed tissue.ResultsThe mean depth of necrosis for the anterior lip achieved by N2O‐cryotherapy was 5.3 mm compared with 3.4 mm by CO2‐cryotherapy (P < 0.001). We found similar results for the posterior lip (5.0 vs 3.1 mm; P < 0.001). N2O‐cryotherapy was more likely than CO2‐cryotherapy to achieve a depth of necrosis of ≥ 4.8 mm for the anterior lip (75% vs 15%; P < 0.001) and posterior lip (60% vs 5%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study showed that CO2‐cryotherapy may not achieve the depth of necrosis necessary to completely destroy cervical precancer and therefore may be less robust than N2O‐cryotherapy.
Methods in Molecular Biology Series: Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols. Edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman
Authors: Price Robert L. 
Published: November 2007

Methods in Molecular Biology Series: Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols. Edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman. Human Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ; 2005, 512 pages. (Hardcover and e-book, U.S. $125.00) ISBN 978-1-58829-157-8Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols, edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman, is Volume 319 in the long-standing Humana Press Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series. Unlike many of the books in the series that focus on a specific technology, growth factor, or cell type, this volume covers a wide range of technology and applications. As the editors state in the Preface, their goal is to “present an eclectic collection of what we consider some of the essential state-of-the-art methods for imaging cells and molecules.” While the editors have done a good job of collecting chapters that represent a range of cell imaging techniques, I believe this represents both the strength and the weakness of the work. In a situation such as a core facility where a wide variety of instrumentation and applications are being used, this will provide a reference text for a number of technologies. However, if an investigator is searching for a work focused on the study of a specific technology, cell type, or molecule, other volumes may be more applicable.
Empowerment-Based Research Methods: A 10-Year Approach to Enhancing Indigenous Social and Emotional Wellbeing
Authors: Tsey Komla , Wilson Andrew , Haswell-Elkins Melissa , Whiteside Mary , McCalman Janya , Cadet-James Yvonne , Wenitong Mark 
Published: November 2007

Objectives: This paper describes a research program that has operationalized the links between empowerment at personal/family, group/organizational and community/structural levels and successful mechanisms to address Indigenous social and emotional wellbeing issues such as family violence and abuse, suicide prevention and incarceration. Methods: A two-pronged approach, involving the Family Wellbeing Empowerment Program and Participatory Action Research, was used to enhance the capacity of program participants and their communities to take greater charge of issues affecting their health and wellbeing. Results: Key program outcomes include an enhancement of participants’ sense of self worth, resilience, problem-solving ability, ability to address immediate family difficulties as well as belief in the mutability of the social environment. There is also evidence of increasing capacity to address wider structural issues such as poor school attendance rates, the critical housing shortage, endemic family violence, alcohol and drug misuse, chronic disease, and over-representation of Indigenous men in the criminal justice system. Participants are also breaking new ground in areas such as values-based Indigenous workforce development and organizational change, as well as issues about contemporary Indigenous spirituality. Conclusions: The use of a long-term (10-year) community research strategy focussing directly on empowerment has demonstrated the power of this approach to facilitate Indigenous people's capacity to regain social and emotional wellbeing and begin to rebuild the social norms of their families and community.
Enhancing the Accessibility of Public Mental Health Services in Queensland to Meet the Needs of Deaf People From an Indigenous Australian or Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Background
Authors: Denman Lara 
Published: November 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper was to identify the accessibility barriers that deaf people from an Indigenous Australian or culturally and linguistically diverse background encounter when attempting to access public mental health services in Queensland. Method: Consultation with key stakeholders was undertaken. Results: Many of the barriers that deter deaf Indigenous Australians from accessing public mental health services in Queensland, in addition to preventing them from having access to the same continuum of care available to hearing English-speaking people were identified. Conclusions: Deaf Indigenous Australians encounter significant barriers when they seek to access public mental health services in Queensland. If these barriers are to be dissolved to ensure access to the same continuum of mental health care available to hearing English-speaking then a series of education and training, research and resource strategies need to be further addressed.
Independent component analysis for the extraction of reliable protein signal profiles from MALDI-TOF mass spectra
Authors: Mantini Dante , Petrucci Francesca , Del Boccio Piero , Pieragostino Damiana , Di Nicola Marta , Lugaresi Alessandra , Federici Giorgio , Sacchetta Paolo , Di Ilio Carmine , Urbani Andrea 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMotivation: Independent component analysis (ICA) is a signal processing technique that can be utilized to recover independent signals from a set of their linear mixtures. We propose ICA for the analysis of signals obtained from large proteomics investigations such as clinical multi-subject studies based on MALDI-TOF MS profiling. The method is validated on simulated and experimental data for demonstrating its capability of correctly extracting protein profiles from MALDI-TOF mass spectra.Results: The comparison on peak detection with an open-source and two commercial methods shows its superior reliability in reducing the false discovery rate of protein peak masses. Moreover, the integration of ICA and statistical tests for detecting the differences in peak intensities between experimental groups allows to identify protein peaks that could be indicators of a diseased state. This data-driven approach demonstrates to be a promising tool for biomarker-discovery studies based on MALDI-TOF MS technology.Availability: The MATLAB implementation of the method described in the article and both simulated and experimental data are freely available at http://www.unich.it/proteomica/bioinf/.Contact: a.urbani@unich.it
vbmp: Variational Bayesian Multinomial Probit Regression for multi-class classification in R
Authors: Lama Nicola , Girolami Mark 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSummary: vbmp is an R package for Gaussian Process classification of data over multiple classes. It features multinomial probit regression with Gaussian Process priors and estimates class posterior probabilities employing fast variational approximations to the full posterior. This software also incorporates feature weighting by means of Automatic Relevance Determination. Being equipped with only one main function and reasonable default values for optional parameters, vbmp combines flexibility with ease of usage as is demonstrated on a breast cancer microarray study.Availability: The R library vbmp implementing this method is part of Bioconductor and can be downloaded from http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~girolamiContact: nicola.lama@unina2.itSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~girolami
MetaNetter: inference and visualization of high-resolution metabolomic networks
Authors: Jourdan Fabien , Breitling Rainer , Barrett Michael P. , Gilbert David 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Summary: We present a Cytoscape plugin for the inference and visualization of networks from high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic data. The software also provides access to basic topological analysis. This open source, multi-platform software has been successfully used to interpret metabolomic experiments and will enable others using filtered, high mass accuracy mass spectrometric data sets to build and analyse networks.
Availability: http://compbio.dcs.gla.ac.uk/fabien/abinitio/abinitio.html
Contact: Fabien.Jourdan@toulouse.inra.fr
Supplementary information: http://compbio.dcs.gla.ac.uk/fabien/abinitio/doc/Supplementary.pdf
Kernel approaches for genic interaction extraction
Authors: Kim Seonho , Yoon Juntae , Yang Jihoon 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Motivation: Automatic knowledge discovery and efficient information access such as named entity recognition and relation extraction between entities have recently become critical issues in the biomedical literature. However, the inherent difficulty of the relation extraction task, mainly caused by the diversity of natural language, is further compounded in the biomedical domain because biomedical sentences are commonly long and complex. In addition, relation extraction often involves modeling long range dependencies, discontiguous word patterns and semantic relations for which the pattern-based methodology is not directly applicable.
Results: In this article, we shift the focus of biomedical relation extraction from the problem of pattern extraction to the problem of kernel construction. We suggest four kernels: predicate, walk, dependency and hybrid kernels to adequately encapsulate information required for a relation prediction based on the sentential structures involved in two entities. For this purpose, we view the dependency structure of a sentence as a graph, which allows the system to deal with an essential one from the complex syntactic structure by finding the shortest path between entities. The kernels we suggest are augmented gradually from the flat features descriptions to the structural descriptions of the shortest paths. As a result, we obtain a very promising result, a 77.5 F-score with the walk kernel on the Language Learning in Logic (LLL) 05 genic interaction shared task.
Availability: The used algorithms are free for use for academic research and are available from our Web site http://mllab.sogang.ac.kr/∼shkim/LLL05.tar.gz.
Contact: shkim@lex.yonsei.ac.kr
Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice
Authors: Ansell Chris , Gash Alison 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver the past few decades, a new form of governance has emerged to replace adversarial and managerial modes of policy making and implementation. Collaborative governance, as it has come to be known, brings public and private stakeholders together in collective forums with public agencies to engage in consensus-oriented decision making. In this article, we conduct a meta-analytical study of the existing literature on collaborative governance with the goal of elaborating a contingency model of collaborative governance. After reviewing 137 cases of collaborative governance across a range of policy sectors, we identify critical variables that will influence whether or not this mode of governance will produce successful collaboration. These variables include the prior history of conflict or cooperation, the incentives for stakeholders to participate, power and resources imbalances, leadership, and institutional design. We also identify a series of factors that are crucial within the collaborative process itself. These factors include face-to-face dialogue, trust building, and the development of commitment and shared understanding. We found that a virtuous cycle of collaboration tends to develop when collaborative forums focus on “small wins” that deepen trust, commitment, and shared understanding. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of our contingency model for practitioners and for future research on collaborative governance.
Dietary cation–anion difference and cadmium concentration in grasses fertilized with chloride
Authors: Pelletier S. , Simpson R. , Randall P. , Bélanger G. , Tremblay G. F. , Seguin P. , Drapeau R , Allard G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHigh dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) of grass herbage increases the occurrence of hypocalcaemia of dairy cows. Application of chloride fertilizer reduces DCAD of herbage but it could increase cadmium concentration in herbage. This study includes an experiment conducted in Australia and in Canada. A glasshouse experiment in Australia evaluated the effect of four rates of chloride application (0–240 kg ha−1) on values of herbage DCAD and cadmium concentration of above‐ground plant material of timothy (Phleum pratenseL.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquaticaL.), harvested 6 weeks after sowing and grown on two soils that had received cadmium either as a contaminant in superphosphate (soil + Super) or in sewage biosolids (soil + Bio) along with respective control soils (soil 0 Super and soil 0 Bio). Application of chloride fertilizer decreased values of herbage DCAD by 349 mmolc kg−1dry matter (DM). Herbage DCAD values were highest on the 0 Bio soil (739 mmolc kg−1  DM) and were not different among the three other soils. Species did not differ in herbage DCAD values. Cadmium concentration in the above‐ground plant material was highest on the +Bio soil treatment (1·67 mg kg−1DM) and was lower for the three other soil treatments. Above‐ground plant material of phalaris had a higher cadmium concentration than that of timothy. Application of chloride fertilizer did not affect cadmium concentration in above‐ground plant material, despite the high cadmium content of the soil on the +Bio treatment. The field experiment in Canada evaluated the effect of four rates of chloride application (0–144 kg ha−1) on cadmium concentration of a timothy‐based grass sward grown on four sites with soils of different potassium content. Application of chloride fertilizer increased cadmium concentration of herbage at two of the four sites but the maximum increase in cadmium concentration was only 0·025 mg kg−1DM. Chloride fertilizer can be applied to decrease forage DCAD with minimal risk of increasing Cd in the food chain.
Effect of livestock breed and grazing intensity on grazing systems: 5. Management and policy implications
Authors: Mills J. , Rook A. J. , Dumont B. , Isselstein J. , Scimone M. , Wallis De Vries M. F. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThis paper explores the management and policy implications of research findings investigating the use of grazing intensity and traditional breeds to achieve biodiversity outcomes on grasslands in four countries of Europe. An economic analysis, based on these research findings, indicated that financial assistance and/or premium prices are required to achieve sustainable grazing systems with a high biodiversity. The research findings suggested that existing agri‐environment scheme prescriptions based only on blanket stocking rates are too crude to increase plant diversity, lacking consideration of initial site conditions. Conversely, some invertebrates seem to rapidly benefit from lenient stocking, highlighting the importance of clear goals for agri‐environment schemes. Recommendations for an appropriate support package to deliver grazing systems with high biodiversity are presented.