bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
16s metagenomic sequencing and analysis of plaque sample around dental implants using nanopore sequencing platform - A preliminary report
Authors: Prakash P. S. G. , Crena Jasmine , Singh Akanksha , Subramanian Sangeetha , Appukuttan Devapriya 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the peri-implant microbiome in relation to the dental implant status such as plaque status, peri-implant sulcus depth, and bleeding on probing.

Materials and Methods:
Peri-implant subgingival biofilm samples were collected from three patients who received laser micro-grooved implants 18 months back, with paper points, and analyzed using 16s metagenomic sequencing and analyzed using nanopore sequencing platform. The microbial profile analysis based on the DNA classification of the microbial samples was done using the Burrows–Wheeler transform and Ferragina-Manzini index and optimized for metagenomic classification. Pavian was used to estimate and explore the taxonomic content.

Results:
The study results suggest that the microbiome diversity and species abundance showed high proportions of Veillonella, Streptococcus, Selenomonas, Fusobacterium, which could be considered as preliminary data for three different patients, one being diabetic, the other a smoker, and healthy control.

Conclusions:
The diabetic patients had predominantly Streptococcus (10%), whereas the smokers had predominantly Veillonella (18%) and Streptococcus (14%). The peri-implant sulcus region of diabetics and smokers shows a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria.
Comparison of weight-based and pinna size method for ProSeal laryngeal mask airway size selection in children receiving general anesthesia: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Mishra Rajesh , Kaur Ranvinder , Suri Aditi , Yadav Rupesh , Wasnik Seema 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Several methods are in use for LMA ProSeal™ size selection in pediatric patients. Weight-based method is most commonly used. Pinna size–based method is a promising new technique for accurate size selection.

Material and Methods:
A total of 146 children aged between 6 months and 12 years undergoing surgery under general surgery were included. They were randomized into either pinna-based group (group X) or weight-based group (group Y). Both groups were compared for accurate placement of ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway (PLMA), ease of insertion, number of attempts needed, and peak airway pressures.

Results:
A Comparable number of patients had a Brimacombe score of 3 and above, indicating correct placement in both groups (P = 0.407). PLMA was easily inserted in 79.5% and 87.7% of patients of groups X and Y, respectively (P = 0.180). Insertion was found to be difficult in 20.5% of patients in group X, whereas it was difficult in only 12.3% of patients of group Y (P = 0.180). The two groups were comparable as per the number of attempts needed for insertion (P = 0.161). Mean peak airway pressures too were comparable between both groups. Ease of insertion too, was statistically insignificant between both groups.

Conclusions:
Pinna size–based estimation of LMA size is an effective alternative method to weight-based selection.
The effect of adding dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to bupivacaine–fentanyl mixture in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section
Authors: Ahmed Sameh Abdelkhalik , Lotfy Hashem Adel , Mostafa Tarek Abdel Hay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Many strategies are available to prevent spinal-induced hypotension in cesarean section, especially the use of a low dose of spinal anesthesia combined with adjuvants. This study investigated the effect of adding either dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to the intrathecal bupivacaine–fentanyl mixture on the postoperative analgesia duration, after elective cesarean section.

Material and Methods:
This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 90 full-term parturients undergoing elective cesarean section, who were randomly distributed into three groups. They all received spinal anesthesia with the bupivacaine–fentanyl mixture (2.5 ml), in addition to 0.5 ml normal saline (control group), 5 μg dexmedetomidine dissolved in 0.5 ml normal saline (dexmedetomidine group), or 2 mg dexamethasone (dexamethasone group). The time to the first request of morphine rescue analgesia was recorded, in addition to the total dose of morphine consumed in the first 24 h after surgery, the postoperative numerical rating score (NRS), and maternal and fetal outcomes.

Results:
As compared to the control group and the dexamethasone group, the use of dexmedetomidine as an additive to the bupivacaine–fentanyl mixture significantly prolonged the time to the first request of rescue analgesia, decreased postoperative morphine consumption, and decreased the pain score 4 and 6 h after surgery. There was an insignificant difference between the control and dexamethasone groups.

Conclusion:
The use of dexmedetomidine as an additive to bupivacaine–fentanyl mixture in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section prolonged the postoperative analgesia and decreased the postoperative opioid consumption in comparison to the addition of dexamethasone or normal saline.
Effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lignocaine nebulization: A comparative study during awake flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Kumari Poonam , Sinha Chandni , Kumar Ajeet , Karmakar Saurabh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Mild to moderate sedation during bronchoscopy is essential for patient safety, comfort during and after the procedure, and to facilitate the performance of the bronchoscopist. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective, centrally acting α-2 agonist used to provide conscious sedation during various procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three different doses of dexmedetomidine nebulization as an adjuvant to lignocaine during bronchoscopy.

Material and Methods:
Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II patients, aged from 18 to 60 years, scheduled for an elective bronchoscopy, were recruited. They were divided into three groups: 30 patients in each group. Group I: The patient was nebulized with a mixture of 4 ml of 4% lignocaine and dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg. Group II: The patient was nebulized with a mixture of 4% lignocaine, 4 ml, and dexmedetomidine, 1 μg/kg. Group III: The patient was nebulized with 4% lignocaine 4 ml and dexmedetomidine 1.5 μg/kg.

Results:
The mean cough score was (1.17 ± 0.37), (1.40 ± 0.49), and (1.70 ± 0.75) in group III, group II, and group I, respectively. A significant difference was found between the groups. Patients were more comfortable with a statistically significant difference in the comfort score in group III as compared to group II and group I.

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine nebulization in a dose of 1.5 μg/kg (compared to 1 μg/kg or 0.5 μg/kg) as an adjuvant to lignocaine, provides better bronchoscopy conditions and patient satisfaction.
Determinants of gastric residual volume before elective surgery in diabetic patients: An observational study
Authors: Aydın Berrak Sebil , Güldoğan Işıl Köse 
Published: March 2024

Background:
We investigated factors affecting the low- and high-risk groups for aspiration by measuring gastric volume with ultrasound in diabetic patients who fasted for elective surgery.

Methods:
The study was conducted as an observational study. Sixty-five patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18–86 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores II–III, and who have diabetes were included after local ethics committee approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Demographic data of cases were recorded. Patients whose gastric residual volume (GRV) was calculated using the pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodation (PERLA) formula following gastric antrum measurement in the right lateral decubitus and supine position by ultrasound were categorized as low or high risk for aspiration.

Results:
Thirty-one patients were in the low-risk group, and 34 patients were in the high-risk group. Sex, weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, and duration of diabetes were not statistically significant (p > 0.5). Age (p = 0.006) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p = 0.005) were statistically significant. The risk of aspiration decreases with age. Hyperglycemia is related to delayed gastric emptying and a high risk for aspiration. The duration of fasting, GRV, and cross-sectional area (CSA) were statistically significant (p = 0.017, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively).

Conclusion:
Gastric emptying might be delayed in diabetic patients resulting in a high risk for aspiration pneumonia. The risk of aspiration increases in young diabetic patients, and preoperative FBG measurements can provide an idea about gastric emptying in diabetic patients. Gastric ultrasound (USG) may contribute to guidelines for determining more appropriate fasting times for other patient populations, such as obese, pregnant, or child patients.
Pathways of dye spread after injections in the paraspinal spaces—A cadaveric study
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Shivamallappa Shivprakash , Timane Rasika , Pai Pallavi , Gupta Anju 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is the most sought-after block since its inception. However, it is more of dorsal rami block with unpredictable ventral diffusion to the paravertebral area. We injected dye in ESP and other paraspinal spaces to study and compare the dye diffusion pattern along the neuroaxis and paraspinal region in human cadavers.

Methods:
In six soft-embalmed cadavers (12 specimens), 20 mL methylene blue dye (erector spinae plane and paravertebral space) or indocyanine green dye (inter-ligament space) was injected bilaterally using an in-plane ultrasound-guided technique at the level of the costotransverse junction of fourth thoracic vertebrae. Dye spread was evaluated bilaterally in the coronal plane in the paravertebral and intercostal spaces from the 1st and the 12th rib. Axial and sagittal sections were performed at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebrae. After cross sections, the extent of dye spread was investigated in ESP, inter-ligament, and paravertebral spaces. The staining of the ventral and dorsal rami and spread into the intercostal spaces was evaluated.

Results:
ESP injection was mainly restricted dorsal to the costotransverse foramen and did not spread anteriorly to the paravertebral space. The paravertebral injection involved the origin of the spinal nerve and spread laterally to the intercostal space. The inter-ligament space injection showed an extensive anterior and posterior dye spread involving the ventral and dorsal rami.

Conclusions:
Following ESP injection, there was no spread of the dye anteriorly to the paravertebral space and it only involved the dorsal rami. Inter-ligamentous space injection appears to be the most promising block as dye spread both anteriorly to paravertebral space and posteriorly toward ESP.
Association of malignant hyperthermia and exertional heat illness in young athletes: An analysis of awareness among clinical and athletic first responders
Authors: Watt Stacey , Chue James , Kocz Remek 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Malignant hyperthermia (MH), a rare inherited condition seen almost exclusively in the perioperative setting, is triggered by volatile anesthetics or an intravenous paralytic drug, succinylcholine. It can, however, occur without any exposure to anesthetic drugs, being associated with heat illness and rhabdomyolysis, thus presenting a little-known risk to young athletes exercising in hot environments.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the first responder awareness of MH and its association with heat illness in young athletes within athletic and clinical environments.

Methods:
Awareness within the clinical milieu was assessed by an institutional chart review of 3296 charts. The identified heat illness cases were examined for treatment consistent with the management of a suspected episode of MH. Awareness among first responders in an athletic setting was examined by a survey administered to a total of 1,500 coaches and athletic trainers at the high school level along with emergency medical services providers across the United States.

Results:
No treatment consistent with the suspicion of MH was noted among clinical first responders, suggesting a lack of awareness. Survey administration also revealed a limited amount of knowledge of MH and its potential role in heat illness.

Conclusion:
The results point to lack of awareness among pre-hospital and hospital-based first responders of the relationship between MH and heat illness in young athletes. An effort to educate these members of the healthcare community can contribute to an expeditious and life-saving intervention.

Clinical Relevance:
First responders who may interact with a young athlete have low knowledge of MH and its relationship to heat illness. Similar lack of awareness exists among hospital personnel who care for young individuals with heat illness. Educating the first responders about this condition can speed up the time to intervene and save lives.
Effect of denture base acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles on Candida Albicans adhesion and its release in artificial saliva
Authors: Sonkol Nagwa M. A. El-Fatah , Kashef Nahed A. K. , El-Segai Azza A. El- Moneim , El-Badry Anwer S. M. 
Published: March 2024

Background

Candida albicans was considered a main reason of precipitate formations and decomposition of acrylic denture base; so many trials were objected to resist this microbial action and prolong the shelf life of the formulated fitting base.

Aim of the work
The present study aimed to adopt a new mixture of the silver nanoparticles with the PMMA denture base to get a prolonged antimicrobial protection for the formed base against Candida albicans.

Statement of problem
Accumulation of Candida Albicans on fitting surface of poly methyl meth-acrylate (PMMA) denture base.

Purpose
To evaluate the effect of denture base acrylic resin containing silver Nanoparticles (Ag NP) on Candida Albicans adhesion and its release in artificial saliva.

Materials and methods
Sixty round disks with dimensions of 15 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness specimens were prepared for this research. Control group A: 10 specimens were prepared from pure PMMA. Experimental group B: 50 specimens were prepared from PMMA containing 5% of Ag NP. Isolation and identification of Candida Albicans were taken from oral cavity of 10 patients by swabbing. The Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 3, 6, and 9 months. Microbiological test was done for specimens of each group to detect Candida Albicans accumulation at the same interval period by measuring the inhibition zone created around the disks. Specimens were taken from the artificial saliva to evaluate silver release in it by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Instrument ‘SHIMADZO UV-310 PC. For Spectrophotometer 1.0 cm and/or 0.2 cm matched silica cells. The amount of accumulated silver released was calculated to detect its cytotoxic effect1.

Results
For control group A there was no inhibition zone for Candida growth around the specimens. While for group B with Ag NP the greatest antimicrobial effect was found at zero time then was decreased gradually with increasing the time till reaching zero effect after 9 months resembling the control group. The amount of Nano silver in artificial saliva after 3 months was found to be little then it was increased gradually with increasing time.

Conclusion
Adding Ag NP to PMMA denture base has antimicrobial effect against Candida Albicans for only 9 months; then there was no effect as silver was released in saliva. The amount of released silver was found to be with no cytotoxic effect.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and biological characterizations of platinum(IV), ruthenium(III) and iridium(III) theophylline complexes
Authors: A. El-Habeeb Abeer , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: March 2024

This study used micro-analyses, (FTIR, UV-Vis) spectra, magnetic, thermogravimetric, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to characterize three synthesized theophylline (TPH) complexes with ruthenium(III), platinum(IV), and iridium(III) metal ions. The metal ions indicated above were found to align with the TPH drug chelate as a mono-dentate ligand via the deprotonated NH group at the nitrogen atom position N7, as verified by FTIR measurements. Additionally, the complexes conductivity and magnetic susceptibility were examined. The octahedral geometry for the synthesized complexes was proposed by the current data. Except for the iridium(III) complex, which has a non-electrolytic nature due to the presence of a chlorine atom inside the chelation sphere, the molar conductivity of the complexes in DMSO solution was electrolyte in nature. Theophylline complexes with a (metal: ligand) stoichiometry of 1:2 were produced. The TPH complexes have also been tested in vitro against G(+) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus Aureus) and G(-) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) to evaluate their antibacterial efficacy. Human breast and liver cancer cell lines were used as a test for the TPH complexes in vitro anti-cancer properties.
KEY WORDS: Theophylline, Metal ions, Chelation, Octahedral, Spectral analysis, Nano-particles, Biological evaluation
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 725-738.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.14
Design, synthesis of novel Schiff bases as potential insecticidal agents against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Alkorbi Faeza , A. Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Mazi Wafa , Omer Noha , Jame Rasha , A. Gad Mohamed , A. Omran Omran , M. Ali Ali 
Published: March 2024

In the present work, novel series of Schiff base 2-7 were synthesized via treatment of p-tosyloxy benzaldehyde with some indole and quinoxaline derivatives in ethanol under reflux. All product structures were verified using elemental analysis and spectroscopic investigations, including 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR. Our research was conducted on the insecticidal activity, and biological effects of the recently synthesized Schiff bases on S. frugiperda. The results showed that compound 5 was the most active insecticide, nearly surpassing methomyl as a reference, with LC50 values of 46.35 mg/L for second-instar larvae and 97.37 mg/L for fourth-instar larvae. This research opened up new avenues for the search for a novel class of insecticide.
KEY WORDS: Schiff bases, Spodoptera frugiperda, Insecticidal activity, Biological aspects, Toxicity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 765-774.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.17
New approaches for the synthesis of chromene and quinoline derivatives and their anti-proliferative, morphological studies
Authors: Milad Mohareb Rafat , Maged Labib Hanan 
Published: March 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of the novel 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes against selected six cancer cell lines together with the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. A novel series of substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes were synthesized through feasible synthetic strategy. The synthetic schemes involve firstly the multi-component reactions of dimedone with the aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate to produce the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes derivatives. On the other hand, carrying the same reactions using NH4OAc produced the hexahydroquinoline compounds. Anti-proliferative evaluations and inhibitions for all synthesized compounds toward selected cancer cell lines were carried out and the results revealed that many of them exhibited high inhibitions. Morphology of A549 cell line by the effect of compounds 14f and 16c was performed.
KEY WORDS: Anti-proliferative activity, Chromene derivatives, Morphology, Multi-component reactions
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 775-798.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.18
Prolific application of green synthesised CdS nanoparticles for the sequestration of cationic dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Tamil Elakkiya G. , Sundararajan G. , Lakshmipathy R. , Anitha P. , Muruganantham N. 
Published: March 2024

Synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles using watermelon rind aqueous extract was explored for its effectiveness in eliminating Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes from water. The synthesised CdS nanoparticles were characterised with XRD, TEM and EDX and found to be around 10 nm in size with spherical shape. A central composite design was developed to optimise independent variables such as pH, contact time and initial concentrations. The developed quadratic model was found to be significant with p-value <0.0001 and lack of fit >0.005 suggesting the reliability of the model. Isotherm modelling analysis revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherms provided better explanation for the equilibrium data. The loading capacities of the CdS nanoparticles were found be 227.3 and 185.1 mg g-1, respectively for MB and CV. The experimental data showed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that chemical reactions were the determining factor in controlling the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption and regeneration investigations demonstrated that CdS nanoparticles could be successfully regenerated up to 5 times and reused in the adsorption process. The results conclude that the CdS nanoparticles are capable of remediating water containing cationic dyes.
KEY WORDS: Watermelon rind, CdS nanoparticles, Synthetic dyes, Adsorption, RSM
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 631-645.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.7
Science Advisory to Governments and Regional/Sub-Regional Organizations in West and Central Africa
Authors: Mbah David A. , Diallo Madiagne , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan 
Published: March 2024

Science advice to governments and regional and sub-regional organizations in West and Central Africa has been reviewed. The objectives were to analyze its evolution and characterize the sources of advice. During the colonial period, it was by the colonial administrations and for their needs. At independence, in general, the new nations (particularly French speaking) entered into agreements with the former colonial powers to develop science, technology and innovation capacity for sustainable development. English speaking nations sought more partners outside the colonial experience. Colonial research institutes were increasingly transformed into national research institutes/institutions with national development mandates. Governments increasingly turned to science advice from consultants, inter- ministerial committees, advisory bodies, ad hoc experts’ groups, or a combination of these. Regional/sub-regional organizations sought advice from consultants, ad hoc technical experts’ groups, advisory bodies or a combination of these. Increasingly, science advice is delivered by Africans. Science advice by science academies is most rigorous. The arrival of more science academies, with varying links with governments, indicates that evidence-based science advice is growing in the region.