bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical clustering-based short-term prediction of tower inclination angle by Bi-LSTM
Authors: Wang Minzhen , Zhong Caiming , Zhang Guangxin , Zheng Yan , Yue Keyu , Tan Yanxiang , Zhou Yucai , Qin Yuanhen , Gao Haihang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A hybrid prediction algorithm based on hierarchical clustering and Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) algorithm, and Bi-LSTM network is proposed for the high voltage transmission lines so as to face the inclination angle of the pole towers caused by different weather reasons in the future and take safety protection measures. Using the dataset of historical tower tilt angle with a timestamp, it is verified by example that the short-term prediction of tower tilt angle based on hierarchical clustering BWO-Bi-LSTM tower tilt angle is able to predict the future tower tilt angle under any weather, which overcomes the limitations of the traditional Bi-LSTM model prediction method in accuracy and randomness of the influence of weather factors on tower tilt angle. and it has great practical value for the high-voltage lines in the tower. t has important practical value and significance for maintaining the safety of tower inclination of high voltage lines.
The Low Protein Diet induced Fetal Programming Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Metabolic Inflexibility in the Skeletal Muscle of Male Rats
Authors: Vidyadharan Vipin Alukkal , Betancourt Ancizar , Smith Craig , Blesson Chellakkan S. , Yallampalli Chandra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A prenatal low-protein (LP) diet disrupts glucose homeostasis in adult offspring. Skeletal muscles are one of the main sites of glucose clearance, and mitochondria residing in the muscle fibers are central to glucose homeostasis. Our previous studies indicated that impaired mitochondrial health is central to dysregulated glucose metabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle of the LP programmed female rats. In addition, dysfunctional mitochondria are often an indicator of underlying irregularities in energy metabolism and metabolic inflexibility. Therefore, this study examined the mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in the skeletal muscles of prenatal LP programmed adult male rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly allotted to a control diet (20% protein) or an isocaloric LP diet (6% protein). Standard laboratory rat chow was given to the dams and the pups, after delivery and weaning. All the experiments in the study were done with the skeletal muscles of 4-month-old male offspring. Gene, and protein expressions, mtDNA copy number, and electron microscopy were assessed in gastrocnemius (GS) muscle, and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was determined using isolated Flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers. The genes associated with mitochondrial outer membrane fusion, (Mfn1 and Mfn2), fission (Fis1), and biogenesis (Pgc1B, Nrf1, and Essra) were lower in the LP group. Further, our functional studies showed that the ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR), maximal, spare respiratory, and non-mitochondrial respiration-associated OCRs were lower in the LP rats. Interestingly, the mtDNA copy number was increased in the LP group. Further, the mRNA and protein expressions of Ndufb8, a key factor involved in the complex-I catalytic activity were downregulated in the LP group. In addition, the expression of genes linked to mitochondrial pyruvate transport (Mpc1) and metabolism (Pdha1) was lower in the LP group. In contrast, the expression of mitochondrial fatty acid transporters (Cpt1a and Cpt2) was higher in the LP when compared to the control group. However, electron microscopic analysis exhibited no difference in the mitochondrial ultrastructure in the LP muscle compared to the control. Altogether, our results indicate that the LP diet affects the mitochondrial complex-I integrity and dynamics and leads to altered substrate oxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle of the male LP offspring.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potent Thiazolidinedione Salicylic Acid Inhibitors Against Glyoxalase-I as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Alomari Banan O. , Fakhouri Lara , Al-Shar’i Nizar A. , Albalas Qosay 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The worldwide rise in cancer incidence and mortality rates has spurred the search for new pathways implicated in cancer development and progression. One such target is glyoxalase 1 (GLO-I), a key player in methylglyoxal detoxification and a factor in the proliferation and prognosis of numerous cancers. Recent studies led by Al-Shar’i et al utilized computer-aided drug design to identify potential inhibitors of GLO-I. The second most potent hit, (Z)-5-(5-((2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)furan-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, (IC50 = 4.24 µM), was selected as a lead for further optimization. Through molecular docking, 27 analogues were designed and evaluated for binding affinity, with 14 of the top-scorings synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against GLO-I. The majority of these analogues showed enhanced activities relative to the lead compound, with the most potent having an IC50 of 150 nM. These findings pave the way for the continued development of highly effective GLO-I inhibitors.
A novel nonlinear pressurization method for counter-gravity casting of cross-sectional mutation structures
Authors: Qiu Ziao , Zhang Lunyong , Cao Fuyang , Shen Hongxian , Li Lu , Jin Zhishuai , Zhao Xinyi , Song Heqian , Zhang Chaojun , Sun Jianfei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In order to ensure the filling integrity of complex counter-gravity casting and improve metallurgical quality, it is necessary to shorten the filling time while avoiding air entrainments. To address this contradiction, a novel nonlinear pressurization method was proposed in this study. Through systematically analyzing the relationship between critical filling speed and stable filling height, a criterion for iterative calculation of nonlinear pressurization speed was established, and an empirical expression between nonlinear pressurization speed and the filling height was obtained. Based on the empirical expression, a nonlinear pressurization curve can be designed according to the casting structures and initial pressurization speeds. The above nonlinear pressure curve design method was validated through water simulation. It was proved that the nonlinear pressure curve can shorten the filling time while avoiding air entrainments. It provides important processing control method for improving the low-pressure casting performance of complex castings.
Numerical study on aerodynamics of small scale horizontal axis wind turbine with Weibull Analysis
Authors: Venkateswaran Vivekamanickam Koothan , Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Portal-Porras Koldo , Blanco Jesus Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper represents the study of the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis and the Bending Element moment (BEM) analysis of the horizontal small-scale wind turbine for various parameters. Random Airfoils such as the NACA 0012, NACA 0018, NACA 4412, S1016, S1210, S1223, and SC20402 are chosen and the glide ratio is analyzed. The Reynolds number of 100,000 is taken into consideration since it is a small wind turbine design. The foil with the highest glide ratio is selected. Various notations are used to understand the chord and the twist angle of the blade and the blade with better chord and twist is chosen. The Coefficient lift, Coefficient drag, coefficient power, and power curves are analyzed using BEM. The power curves are evaluated for different air densities and a higher value of power is obtained. Finally, in CFD the SST K - ω model for turbulence is understood for various angles of attack using ANSYS Fluent for the different air density. Satisfactory results compared with the CFD and BEM analysis. Study on Weibull distribution is analyzed to understand the required frequencies for wind speeds so that the installation of wind turbines is made convenient in the preferred areas with suitable wind properties.
How are cobalt, selenium, and copper related to diabetes risk? A cohort study in rural areas of Xinxiang city
Authors: Tian Meichen , Cao Tingting , You Jing , Hu Han , Yu Qingqing , Yang Yishu , An Zhen , Song Jie , Zhang Guofu , Zhang Guicheng , Wu Weidong , Wu hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: The long-term associationsbetween serum cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum Co, Cu, and Se intake and the risk of T2DM in rural areas of central China.
Methods: We used the method developed by our group for the simple, rapid and accurate detection of elements in serum by ICP-MS. Determine T2DM through valid questionnaires and laboratory tests. The Poisson regression model based on robustness under generalized linear regression was used to analyze metals, and the BKMR model was used to analyze the interaction of three mixed metals.
Results: A total of 3817 adults were included in the rural cohort study in Henan, and a total of 177 patients with T2DM were diagnosed. In the polymetallic model, stratified analyses revealed an overall negative correlation between serum Co, with intermediate concentrations associated with a non-significant risk of T2DM and high concentrations associated with a 34% (95% CI: 0.44, 1.00) reduction in the risk of T2DM relative to low concentrations. Serum Se was negatively correlated overall, with intermediate concentrations associated with a 41% (95% CI: 0.40, 0.85) lower risk of developing T2DM and high concentrations associated with a non-significant risk of developing T2DM, relative to low concentrations; A significant interaction between serum Se and age (P < 0.049) was found within each stratum, with significant interactions between age and T2DM, and a significant interaction between age and T2DM within each stratum. A significant interaction was found between serum Se and age (P < 0.049), with the negative association of serum Se with T2DM being enhanced in the younger (< 60 years) study population, and a significant interaction was found between serum Co levels and gender (P < 0.012), with the negative association of serum Co with T2DM also being enhanced in the female study population.
Conclusion: Cobalt metal exposure was protective in the development of diabetes and was stronger in the female population; selenium metal exposure was protective in the development of diabetes and was stronger in people younger than 60 years.
Comparison of the geographic variation in seed traits of a native species (Phragmites australis) to an alien invasive species (Spartina alterniflora) in Chinese coastal marshes
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Tong Chuan , Marrs Rob H. , Zhang Liwen , Qiu Guanglong , Bu Rencang , Huang Jiafang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Seeds are crucial for both maintaining existing plant populations and for colonizing new areas, and knowledge of traits helps us understand the colonization potential of successful species. One way to study seed-trait variation is to make comparisons along latitudinal gradients. Usually, however, only geographic variation in seed mass is studied systematically and knowledge of other traits is lacking, e.g. traits associated with seed production and nutritional status. Moreover, there have been few comparisons between native species and exotic invasives. Here, therefore, we compared morphological traits and nutrient concentrations of the seed of two competing species, a native species (Phragmites australis) and an alien one (Spartina alterniflora) along a 20o-latitudinal gradient of the Chinese coast and investigated which environmental factors were important in driving differences between these two contrasting species. Significant differences were found between the two species for nine of the 13 traits in their responses to latitude. Furthermore, temperature-mediated climate factors were the dominant variables influencing the latitudinal variation of seed traits in both species compared to soil properties. For the first time, our study shows the latitudinal variations in seed traits of the native P. australis and alien S. alterniflora. Our study predicts that the greater fecundity of high-latitude S. alterniflora populations poses a threat to P. australis, the native competitor.
Prevalence of antibiotic prescription in the end-of-life care of hospitalised geriatric patients (the APALIM study)
Authors: Festou Benjamin , Quesnel Paul-Antoine , N Amadou M.D. , Faucher Jean-François , TCHALLA ACHILLE 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Currently, population aging is a public health issue. End-of-life situations of older patients in hospital are increasingly frequent and raise therapeutic and ethical questions. Patients at the end of their lives, particularly older patients, are more often exposed to infections. The place of antibiotic therapy is central in terminal palliative care. Nevertheless, the use of antibiotics should always be assessed, especially because of the development of bacterial resistance. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic use in older people at the end of life.
Method: This descriptive retrospective study included all patients aged 75 years and older, hospitalised in 2018 at the Limoges University Hospital Centre and at the hospital in Saint-Yrieix la Perche who died in hospital. The primary outcome was the use of an antibiotic in the last 10 days of life.
Results: Of the 338 patients included, 237 (70.1%) were treated with an antibiotic and 233 (68.9%) experienced hyperthermia > 38.3°C or hypothermia < 35°C. The most frequent infections were pulmonary (n = 141, 43.3%) and urinary tract (n = 67, 20.1%). Of the patients, 23.3% did not have an established infection diagnosis. Samples were taken from 29% of the patients. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the bacteria most often isolated. Of the patients, 54.4% (n = 129) died while taking antibiotics. For 25.7% (n = 61) of the patients, a doctor decided to stop treatment early.
Conclusion: Many older patients at the end of their lives are concerned about antibiotic therapy. In the absence of scientific proof of the effectiveness of antibiotics to relieve patients at the end of life, these treatments should be studied to develop guidelines about their use in terminal palliative care.
Data-Driven Modeling of Dislocation Mobility from Atomistics using Physics-Informed Machine Learning
Authors: Tian Yifeng , Bagchi Soumendu , Myhill Liam , Po Giacomo , Saez Enrique Martinez , Lin Yen Ting , Mathew Nithin , Perez Danny 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Dislocation mobility, which dictates the response of dislocations to an applied stress, is a fundamental property of crystalline materials that governs the evolution of plastic deformation. Traditional approaches for deriving mobility laws rely on phenomenological models of the underlying physics, whose free parameters are in turn fitted to a small number of intuition-driven atomic scale simulations under varying conditions of temperature and stress. This tedious and time-consuming approach becomes particularly cumbersome for materials with complex dependencies on stress, temperature, and local environment, such as body-centered cubic crystals (BCC) metals and alloys. In this paper, we present a novel, uncertainty quantification-driven active learning paradigm for learning dislocation mobility laws from automated high-throughput large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, using Graph Neural Networks (GNN) with a physics-informed architecture. We demonstrate that this Physics-informed Graph Neural Network (PI-GNN) framework captures the underlying physics more accurately compared to existing phenomenological mobility laws in BCC metals.
Personal hygiene practice and associated factors among elementary school students in Fiche Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Minda Getaneh Haile , Tola Habiteyes Hailu , Fayisa Abebe , Keba Asefa , Endale Tewodrose 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: In developing countries, the transmission of communicable diseases (CD) among school students is inevitable. Hygiene is the cleaning of an environment of any pathogens that could cause illness. Students at school are at greater risk of acquiring infectious pathogens and ingesting chemicals due to poor environmental and personal hygiene. Although there is poor personal hygiene practice among schools, there is no enough evidence on the magnitude and factors associated with hygiene practice. This study determine personal hygiene practice its associated factors among elementary school grade (5-8) student in Fiche town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 29 to May 29 in Fiche town, Oromia regional state, among elementary school students. A multi-stage probability sampling technique was used to select the individual participants. The total sample size of this study was 534 elementary school students. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was entered into epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 26.0. Variables that scored a p-value less than 0.2 during bivariate analysis were included in multilevel logistic regression models. The odds ratio of a 95% confidence interval estimated and the level of significance was set at ≤ .05.
Results: The study included 534 primary school students with a 100% response rate. The overall magnitude of good personal hygiene was 316 (59.2%), with a 95% confidence interval of (55.1–63.0). Latrine use practice was 334 (62.5%), hand-washing practice was 296 (55.4%), and oral hygiene practice was 295 (55.20%), with a 95% confidence interval of (51.1 -59.6). Female sex (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.13-2.84), good personal hygiene knowledge (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.28-4.10), hygiene inspection at school (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI (1.14-3.21), and latrine utilization practice (AOR = 8.110, 95% CI (5.07-12.98) were all significantly associated with good personal hygiene among students.
Conclusion: Overall, personal hygiene practice among primary school students in Fiche town was considerable. Interventions aiming to improve personal hygiene should target improving knowledge of personal hygiene, and hygiene inspection at school.
A method for permanent genetic transformation using embryonic callus of Pinus koraiensis
Authors: Hou Hui , Dong Hao , Wu Yanan , Zhao Wenna , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling , Zhang Hanguo , Li Shujuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Pinus koraiensis holds the designation of a second-class protected wild plant in China, valued for its significant economic and ecological importance. However, the lack of a well-established genetic transformation system has hindered progress in functional research and breeding applications for this species. This study aimed to establish a reliable and efficient genetic transformation system of Pinus koraiensis embryonic callus, building upon somatic embryogenesis technology. Utilizing Pinus koraiensis embryonic callus and GUS as the reporter gene, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was employed to investigate key transformation factors, such as antibiotic type and concentration, Agrobacterium bacterial solution concentration, infiltration, and co-cultivation times. The results revealed that 10 mg·L-1 of Hygromycin (Hyg) significantly inhibited Pinus koraiensis embryonic callus proliferation, while an OD600 absorbance value of 0.6 during transformation led to a remarkable 93.42±2.13% efficiency. Optimal co-cultivation for two days resulted in a transformation rate of 82.61%, with a high GUS staining rate of 88.89% in the resistant embryonic callus. Following the optimized protocol, resistant somatic embryos were successfully obtained. This research contributes to the advancement of seed resource breeding and genetic enhancement for Pinus koraiensis, providing a solid foundation for investigating gene functions related to this species.
RNA Profiling of Brain Microvessels Reveals Altered Morphology and Signaling in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Naranjo Oandy , Osborne Olivia M , Torices Silvia , Schmidlin Sarah , Tiburcio Destiny , Park Minseon , Toborek Michal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Disruptions in pericyte and endothelial cell expression can compromise the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to neurovascular dysfunction and the development of neurological disorders. However, the study of microvessel RNAs has been limited to tissue homogenates, with spatial visualization only available for protein targets. We introduce an innovative microvessel isolation technique that is RNA-friendly for the purpose of coupling with RNAscope analysis. RNA-friendly microvessel isolation combined with RNAscope analysis enables the visualization of cell-specific RNA within the spatial and histological context of the BBB. Using this approach, we have gained valuable insights into the structural and functional differences associated with the microvessels of 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). RNAscope analysis revealed a decrease in pericytes from microvessels isolated from 5XFAD mice in comparison to wild-type mice. Additionally, the microvessels of 5XFAD mice exhibited an increase in TYROBP mRNA expression. These findings significantly advance our understanding of neurovascular interactions and hold great promise for guiding the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This innovative approach enables visualization of cell RNA while preserving the spatial and histological context of the BBB, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying neurovascular unit communication.
The feasibility of constructing Small Hydropower Dams to maintain sustainable Water supply for domestic and agricultural uses in the Western Desert of Iraq
Authors: Kamel Ammar , Sulaiman Sadeq , Sayl Khamis Naba , Ali Ammar , Muhammad Nur Shazwani , Abdullah Jazuri , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive method to estimate the feasibility of constructing small hydropower dams by incorporating an analysis of the physical characteristics of the study area using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and a frequency analysis based on a large amount of reliable rainfall data for an arid area, specifically in the Western Desert of Iraq. The analysis was conducted on the three largest valleys in the region, namely Horan, Al-Gadaf, and Al-Ubyad. The potential hydropower system, a small hydropower turbine set up on the bottom outlet of a small dam that operates as a penstock, includes developing water-harvesting systems in the dams in these valleys that can distribute water for agricultural and domestic purposes in the local community. The average expected head for dams in the study area is low, i.e. between 1.6 m and 31.5 m, while the median and mode are 11.5 m and 14 m, respectively. A return period-power generated curve is developed to demonstrate the probability and potential energy that can be generated. The potential hydropower based on rainfall in a (100-year return period) is 30 MW, 5.8 MW, and 4.3 MW for the Horan, Al-Ubyad, and Al-Gadaf catchment areas, respectively. Theoretically, these small hydropower plants are capable of serving up to 30,000 houses in the Horan catchment. Horan valley has the highest potential owing to its high storage capacity and large slope in the mainstream of the catchment and because the catchment area lies within the upper rainfall line in the western region of Iraq. Overall, the hydropower plants bring significant benefits to the area, including a constant water supply for domestic and agricultural uses, which would support the economic and social development of the region.