bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the learning preferences of farmworker‐serving community health workers
Authors: Gordon Hannah , Ramirez Genesis , Harwell Emery L. , Bloss Jamie E. , Gámez Raúl , LePrevost Catherine E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCommunity health workers are responsible for finding, processing, and transferring health information to communities with limited access to health‐related resources, including farmworkers. This paper is the culmination of an undergraduate student research project to explore the learning processes and preferences of farmworker‐serving community health workers in the USA. The project was designed for students from farmworker or agricultural backgrounds at two North Carolina universities and was supported by a North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services workforce development grant. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, in person and virtually, with a convenience sample of 17 current and former community health workers. The interview data were analysed thematically and identified a preference for a combination of learning styles, with visual and hands‐on learning being the most preferred. Community health workers also identified the importance of learning preferences in relation to their responsibilities as health educators. This study provides librarians, along with public health and medical professionals, with useful information about learning preferences to inform the creation of new and varied learning materials for community health workers.
Prolonged exposure treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder: Single case studies in a sample of adults with mild intellectual disabilities
Authors: Prins Paul , Nijhof Karin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in adults with intellectual disabilities. Often there are additional disorders such as substance use, mood and anxiety disorders. The current study focuses on the feasibility and initial efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) for PTSD in adults with mild intellectual disabilities. The secondary effect of PE on additional mood, anxiety and substance use disorders is also examined.MethodsA single case experimental design (N = 12) with an A (baseline)‐B (intervention) phase including a follow‐up measurement after 3 months was conducted. Time series and single time points measurements were performed.ResultsSix participants dropped‐out. The results showed a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms and a significant decrease in additional symptoms (social avoidance, anxiety and stress), among participants who completed treatment.ConclusionPE appears to be a feasible and effective treatment for PTSD in some adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Suggestions emerge from this study to make standard PE treatment more appropriate for adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Further research is needed to reduce drop‐out in trauma treatment. Some suggestions for this are made in this study. Treatment of PTSD with PE did not appear to affect comorbid mood disorders. Further research is needed.
Secondary School State Athletic Association Health and Safety Policy Development Processes
Authors: Yeargin Susan , Hirschhorn Rebecca M. , Adams William M. , Scarneo‐Miller Samantha E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe National Federation of State High School Associations provides recommendations regarding health and safety policies; however, policy development is governed at the state level. Given interstate differences in governance, the primary purpose was to describe processes that State High School Athletic Associations (SHSAAs) utilize to develop a new policy. The secondary objective was to determine what methods associations use to implement new policies.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey requested SHSAA (n = 51) representatives to report how athlete health and safety policies are introduced, revised, approved, and implemented within their state. The 22‐question survey was developed to gather variables for the aims of the study. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each survey item.ResultsOf states who responded (n = 33), most reported a 2‐committee (n = 24, 72.7%) process for developing and vetting policies, with initiation from the Sports Medicine Advisory Committee (n = 27, 81.8%), followed by an executive‐level committee (n = 18, 66.7%). States reported total time from policy initiation to final approval ranged from 2 weeks to over 12 months. When a new policy was approved, most states indicated implementation began with an e‐mail (n = 24, 72.7%) sent to Athletic Directors (n = 26, 78.8%). School principal or district superintendent were reported as the position in charge of compliance (36.4%, n = 12).ConclusionsMost SHSAAs use a 2‐step process to write and review an athlete health and safety policy before approval. SHSAAs that require a longer policy development time could delay the implementation of important health measures. SHSAAs could consider additional communication methods to ensure information reaches all stakeholders.
Improving Students Access to Primary Health Care Through School‐Based Health Centers
Authors: Davis Charles R. , Eraca Jennifer , Davis Patti A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMore than 20 million children in the United States lack access to primary health care.Practice LearningResearch shows that students with regular access to physical and mental health services have fewer absences, are more social, less likely to participate in risky behaviors, have improved focus and higher test scores.Implication For School Health Policy, Practice, And EquitySchool‐based health centers (SBHCs) can be an important, valuable and viable health care delivery option to meet the full‐range of primary health care needs of students where they spend the majority of their wake hours, ie, in school. Children in rural and other underserved communities, as well as those underinsured, non‐insured, economically challenged, underserved, and the most vulnerable among us are especially at risk.ConclusionsThis paper discusses the history, value, and importance of SBHCs from myriad perspectives, including physical and emotional wellbeing, academic and social success, and the promotion of a positive transition to adulthood. In addition, the authors' experiences that resulted in building the first SBHC in the Mid‐Hudson Valley Region of New York State are shared. These experiences form the foundation for creating an important roadmap for individuals and school leaders that are interested in bringing a SBHC to their school and district.
Gut microbially produced tryptophan metabolite melatonin ameliorates osteoporosis via modulating SCFA and TMAO metabolism
Authors: Chen Yueqi , Yang Chuan , Deng Zihan , Xiang Tingwen , Ni Qingrong , Xu Jianzhong , Sun Dong , Luo Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is a severe global health issue that has significant implications for productivity and human lifespan. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated to be closely associated with OP progression. Melatonin (MLT) is an important endogenous hormone that modulates bone metabolism, maintains bone homeostasis, and improves OP progression. Multiple studies indicated that MLT participates in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and gut barrier function. However, the promising effects of gut microbiota‐derived MLT in OP remain unclear. Here, we found that OP resulted in intestinal tryptophan disorder and decreased the production of gut microbiota‐derived MLT, while administration with MLT could mitigate OP‐related clinical symptoms and reverse gut microbiota dysbiosis, including the diversity of intestinal microbiota, the relative abundance of many probiotics such as Allobaculum and Parasutterella, and metabolic function of intestinal flora such as amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and energy metabolism. Notably, MLT significantly increased the production of short‐chain fatty acids and decreased trimethylamine N‐oxide‐related metabolites. Importantly, MLT could modulate the dynamic balance of M1/M2 macrophages, reduce the serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and restore gut‐barrier function. Taken together, our results highlighted the important roles of gut microbially derived MLT in OP progression via the “gut‐bone” axis associated with SCFA metabolism, which may provide novel insight into the development of MLT as a promising drug for treating OP.
An updated assessment of hepatitis delta prevalence among adults in Canada: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Robert J. , Hirode Grishma , Feld Jordan , Wong Steven S. , Brosgart Carol , Glenn Jeffrey , Hamid Saeed , Cohen Chari , Zovich Beatrice , Ward John , Wedemeyer Heiner , Yurdaydin Cihan , Gish Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForeign‐born (FB) persons represent a large proportion of adults with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Canada due to higher prevalence rates in countries of birth for FB persons. Suboptimal awareness and low rates of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) testing contribute to underdiagnosis and gaps in accurate estimates of Canada HDV prevalence. We aim to provide an assessment of CHB and HDV prevalence in Canada using a comprehensive literature review and meta‐analysis. A comprehensive literature review of articles reporting HBsAg seroprevalence and anti‐HDV prevalence was conducted to calculate country‐specific rates and pooled prevalence of CHB and HDV using meta‐analyses. Country‐specific CHB and HDV rate estimates were combined with number of FB persons in Canada in 2021 from Statistics Canada to estimate total numbers of FB with CHB and HDV, respectively. These estimates were combined with estimates of Canada‐born persons with CHB and HDV to yield the total number of persons with CHB and HDV. In 2021, we estimated 0.550 million (M) (95% CI 0.488–0.615) persons with CHB; 0.344 M (95% CI 0.288–0.401) were FB and 0.206 M (95% CI: 0.200–0.214) were Canada‐born. The weighted average HDV prevalence among FB persons in Canada was 5.19% (17,848 [95% CI 9611–26,052] persons), among whom 50% emigrated from Asia and 31% from Africa. When combined with estimates of Canada‐born persons with HDV, we estimate 35,059 (95% CI: 18,744–52,083) persons with HDV in Canada. In conclusion, we estimate 0.550 M and 35,059 persons living with CHB and HDV, respectively, in Canada in 2021.
Traffic prediction via clustering and deep transfer learning with limited data
Authors: Zou Xiexin , Chung Edward 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a method based on the clustering algorithm, deep learning, and transfer learning (TL) for short‐term traffic prediction with limited data. To address the challenges posed by limited data and the complex and diverse traffic patterns observed in traffic networks, we propose a profile model based on few‐shot learning to extract each detector's unique profiles. These profiles are then used to cluster detectors with similar patterns into distinct clusters, facilitating effective learning with limited data. A Convolutional Neural Network ‐ Long Short‐Term Memory (CNN‐LSTM)‐based predictive model is proposed to learn and predict traffic volumes for each detector within a cluster. The proposed method demonstrates resilience to detector failures and has been validated using the Performance Measurement System dataset. In scenarios with less than 2 months of training data and 10% failed detectors, the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for station‐level traffic volume prediction increase from 12.7 vehs/5 min, 20.9 vehs/5 min, and 10.5% to 13.9 vehs/5 min, 24.2 vehs/5 min, and 11.7%, respectively. For lane‐level traffic volume prediction, the average MAE, RMSE, and MAPE increase from 4.7 vehs/5 min, 7.7 vehs/5 min, and 15% to 5.6 vehs/5 min, 9.6 vehs/5 min, and 16.8%. Furthermore, the proposed method extends its applicability to traffic speed and occupancy prediction tasks. TL is integrated to improve speed/occupancy prediction accuracy by leveraging knowledge obtained from traffic volume, considering the correlation between traffic flow, speed, and occupancy. When less than 1 month of traffic speed/occupancy data is available for learning, the proposed method achieves an MAE, RMSE, and MAPE of 0.7 km/h, 1.3 km/h, and 1.3% for station‐level traffic speed prediction and 0.5%, 1.1%, and 11% for station‐level traffic occupancy.
Phosphorylation of Mad1 at serine 18 by Mps1 is required for the full virulence of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Chen Qiushi , Li Ya , Shen Tianjiao , Wang Rong , Su Meiling , Luo Qiong , Shi Hua , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Hardwick Kevin G. , Wang Mo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins are conserved among eukaryotes safeguarding chromosome segregation fidelity during mitosis. However, their biological functions in plant‐pathogenic fungi remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that the SAC protein MoMad1 in rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) localizes on the nuclear envelope and is dispensable for M. oryzae vegetative growth and tolerance to microtubule depolymerizing agent treatment. MoMad1 plays an important role in M. oryzae infection‐related development and pathogenicity. The monopolar spindle 1 homologue in M. oryzae (MoMps1) interacts with MoMad1 through its N‐terminal domain and phosphorylates MoMad1 at Ser‐18, which is conserved within the extended N termini of Mad1s from fungal plant pathogens. This phosphorylation is required for maintaining MoMad1 protein abundance and M. oryzae full virulence. Similar to the deletion of MoMad1, treatment with Mps1‐IN‐1 (an Mps1 inhibitor) caused compromised appressorium formation and decreased M. oryzae virulence, and these defects were dependent on its attenuating MoMad1 Ser‐18 phosphorylation. Therefore, our study indicates the function of Mad1 in rice blast fungal pathogenicity and sheds light on the potential of blocking Mad1 phosphorylation by Mps1 to control crop fungal diseases.
Young adults with vision impairment in India: Loneliness and social networks
Authors: Gothwal Vijaya K. , Kanchustambam Jahnavi , Kodavati Krishnapriya , Subramanian Ahalya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in young adults with vision impairment (VI), including quality of life (QoL) in India.MethodsTwo hundred and three VI young adults (18–35 years) and 219 age‐matched non‐VI (controls) adults completed the loneliness scale, WHOQOL‐BREF, Social Network Index (SNI) (network diversity, people in network size and number of embedded network subscales) and questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics and independent mobility. Rasch analysis was used to validate the questionnaires and interval‐level scores were generated. Generalised linear models were used to estimate independent associations of sociodemographic factors, VI characteristics, social networks and QoL with loneliness.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate and severe loneliness in the VI group was 10% (95% CI: 6.5, 15.4) and 4.4% (95% CI: 2.0, 8.2), respectively, and higher than that of controls. The VI group had a worse loneliness score than controls (−1.66 ± 2.25 vs. −2.13 ± 1.85 logits; p = 0.03). Those with ≤12 years and >12 years of education had loneliness scores of −1.58 ± 2.45 and −1.82 ± 1.99 logits, respectively (p = 0.01). Compared with controls, the VI group reported fewer extended family members, neighbours and friends leading to significantly smaller networks and network diversity (all p < 0.001). Loneliness scores demonstrated a significant correlation with only two SNI subscales for both groups: people in network size (r = −0.28 for VI; r = −0.30 for non‐VI; p < 0.001 for both) and number of embedded networks (r = −0.22 for VI; r = −0.21 for non‐VI; p = 0.002 for both). Both education (β = 0.45; p = 0.04) and QoL (β = −0.27, p = 0.02) were predictors of loneliness.ConclusionsLoneliness was commonly experienced by young VI adults and was higher among those with lower levels of education. Loneliness decreased with the presence of a larger number of people in network, suggesting that interventions to increase social activity and participation may be valuable in young VI adults.
The growth promotion in endophyte symbiotic plants does not penalise the resistance to herbivores and bacterial microbiota
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gundel Pedro E. , Jáuregui Ruy , Card Stuart D. , Mace Wade J. , Johnson Richard D. , Bastías Daniel A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA trade‐off between growth and defence against biotic stresses is common in plants. Fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë may relieve this trade‐off in their host grasses since they can simultaneously induce plant growth and produce antiherbivore alkaloids that circumvent the need for host defence. The Epichloë ability to decouple the growth‐defence trade‐off was evaluated by subjecting ryegrass with and without Epichloë endophytes to an exogenous treatment with gibberellin (GA) followed by a challenge with Rhopalosiphum padi aphids. In agreement with the endophyte‐mediated trade‐off decoupling hypothesis, the GA‐derived promotion of plant growth increased the susceptibility to aphids in endophyte‐free plants but did not affect the insect resistance in endophyte‐symbiotic plants. In line with the unaltered insect resistance, the GA treatment did not reduce the concentration of Epichloë‐derived alkaloids. The Epichloë mycelial biomass was transiently increased by the GA treatment but at the expense of hyphal integrity. The response of the phyllosphere bacterial microbiota to both GA treatment and Epichloë was also evaluated. Only Epichloë, and not the GA treatment, altered the composition of the phyllosphere microbiota and the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. Our findings clearly demonstrate that Epichloë does indeed relieve the plant growth‐defence trade‐off.
Integration analysis of single‐cell transcriptome reveals specific monocyte subsets associated with melanoma brain and leptomeningeal metastasis
Authors: Liu Tao , Liu Jian‐Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma central nervous system (CNS) metastasis remains a leading cause of patient mortality, and the underlying pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated, leading to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of single‐cell transcriptomic data related to melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) and leptomeningeal metastasis (LMM). We focused on differences of subset composition and molecular expression of monocytes in blood, primary tumor, brain metastases, and leptomeningeal metastases.ResultsSignificant differences were observed among monocytes in blood, primary tumor, and different CNS metastatic tissues, particularly in terms of subset differentiation and gene expression patterns. Subsequent analysis revealed the upregulation of cell proportions of six monocyte subsets in brain metastasis and leptomeningeal metastasis. Based on differential gene analysis, four of these subsets exhibited increased expression of factors promoting tumor migration and survival, including AREG+ monocytes (AREG, EREG, THBS1), FABP5+ monocytes (SPP1, CCL2, CTSL), and CXCL3+ monocytes (CXCL3, IL8, IL1B). The proportions of TPSB2+ monocytes (IL32, CCL5) were notably elevated in melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis tissues. Pathway analysis indicated the activation of signaling pathways such as NOD‐like receptors, NFκB, and Toll‐like receptors in these metastasis‐related subsets.ConclusionOur findings elucidate that AREG+, FABP5+ and CXCL3+ monocytes are associated with brain metastasis and TPSB2+ monocytes are associated with leptomeningeal metastasis in melanoma, which may be contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies focusing on monocytes or cytokines for melanoma CNS metastasis.
Detectable plasma severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antigen is associated with poor antibody response following third messenger RNA vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Karaba Andrew H. , Swank Zoe , Hussain Sarah , Chahoud Margaret , Durand Christine M. , Segev Dorry L. , Robien Mark A. , Heeger Peter S. , Larsen Christian P. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Walt David R. , Werbel William A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) generate lower antibody responses to messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination, yet precise mechanisms for this poor response remain uncertain. One potential contributor is suboptimal spike antigen (sAg) translation and expression owing to transplant immunosuppression, which might lead to insufficient exposure to develop humoral and/or cellular immune responses.MethodsWithin a single‐arm clinical trial, 65 KTRs underwent ultrasensitive plasma sAg testing before, and 3 and 14 days after, the third mRNA vaccine doses. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibodies (anti‐receptor binding domain [anti‐RBD]) were serially measured at 14 and 30 days post‐vaccination. Associations between sAg detection and clinical factors were assessed. Day 30 anti‐RBD titer was compared among those with versus without sAg expression using Wilcoxon rank sum testing.ResultsOverall, 16 (25%) KTRs were sAg positive (sAg+) after vaccination, peaking at day 3. Clinical and laboratory factors were broadly similar in sAg(+) versus sAg(‐) KTRs. sAg(+) status was significantly negatively associated with day 30 anti‐RBD response, with median (interquartile range) 10.8 (<0.4–338.3) U/mL if sAg(+) versus 709 (10.5–2309.5) U/mL if sAg(‐) (i.e., 66‐fold lower; p = .01).ConclusionInadequate plasma sAg does not likely drive poor antibody responses in KTRs, rather sAg detection implies insufficient immune response to rapidly clear vaccine antigen from blood. Other downstream mechanisms such as sAg trafficking and presentation should be explored.
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Complementation and Lebesgue‐type decompositions of linear operators and relations
Authors: Hassi S. , de Snoo H. S. V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new general approach is developed to construct and study Lebesgue‐type decompositions of linear operators or relations in the Hilbert space setting. The new approach allows to introduce an essentially wider class of Lebesgue‐type decompositions than what has been studied in the literature so far. The key point is that it allows a nontrivial interaction between the closable and the singular components of . The motivation to study such decompositions comes from the fact that they naturally occur in the corresponding Lebesgue‐type decomposition for pairs of quadratic forms. The approach built in this paper uses so‐called complementation in Hilbert spaces, a notion going back to de Branges and Rovnyak.
Enhancing Robotic Grasping Detection Accuracy With the R2CNN Algorithm and Force-Closure
Authors: Lin Hsien-I , Shodiq Muhammad Ahsan Fatwaddin , Chu Hong-Qi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to use an improved rotational region convolutional neural network (R2CNN) algorithm to detect the grasping bounding box for the robotic arm that reaches supermarket goods. This algorithm can calculate the final predicted grasping bounding box without any additional architecture, which significantly improves the speed of grasp inferences. In this study, we added the force-closure condition so that the final grasping bounding box could achieve grasping stability in a physical sense. We experimentally demonstrated that deep model-treated object detection and grasping detection are the same tasks. We used transfer learning to improve the prediction accuracy of the grasping bounding box. In particular, the ResNet-101 network weights, which were originally used in object detection, were used to continue training with the Cornell dataset. In terms of grasping detection, we used the trained model weights that were originally used in object detection as the features of the to-be-grasped objects and fed them to the network for continuous training. For 2828 test images, this method achieved nearly 98% accuracy and a speed of 14–17 frames per second.