bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and cosmetic results of contact gel cooling of the skin during non‐ablative laser procedures
Authors: Bodendorf Marc Oliver , Grunewald Sonja , Simon Jan Christoph , Paasch Uwe 
Published: October 2008

Summary Background: Aesthetic laser treatments of the skin result in collateral thermal damage to the adjacent tissue if it is not cooled.A recently developed gel cooling pad is designed to be applied to the treated area and then penetrated by the laser beam during treatment. Patients and methods: 97 treatments of 61 patients were documented.Vascular malformations (telangiectasia, hemangioma, spider nevi, nevi flammei, scars) were treated 52 times with the LBO laser Idas (532 nm).With the alexandrite laser Arion (755 nm), 13 treatments for hypertrichosis were evaluated. Pigmentation disorders (tattoos,lentigines,segmented melanocytic hyperpla‐sia, nevus of Ota) were treated 32 times with the ruby laser Sinon (694 nm). Additionally, we measured the energy of the laser systems through a glass plate with and without the hydrogel pad. Furthermore, we examined patient satisfaction as well as noting application experiences of the treating doctors. Results: Our examinations showed a negligible loss of energy in clinical use, with good patient satisfaction and good cosmetic results. Conclusions:Use of the hydrogel pad is recommended during non‐ablative cosmetic laser treatments of the skin.It is especially convenient for the treatment of vascular malformations of the face.
Leishmaniasis
Authors: Neuber Hubertus 
Published: October 2008

SummaryLeishmaniasis is a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases, caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The aggressiveness of the individual species, their organ preference and the host immune status determine disease course. This can range from a solitary, spontaneous healing ulcer (cutaneous leishmaniasis), to often destructive mucocutaneous disease to generalized involvement with visceral leishmaniasis which may be lethal if not treated. The protozoa are transmitted by small (2–4 mm) phle‐botomine sand flies. Protection with non‐impregnated mosquito nets is almost impossible. An estimated 12 million people are affected; 60,000 die annually. Every non‐healing ulcer associated with travel to between the 40th parallels should be suspected as possible leishmaniasis. The diagnostic approach should be standardized; one should attempt to directly demonstrate the organism in the edge of the ulcer and then subspeciate it. Both are basis requirements for initiating appropriate therapy. Pentavalent antimony preparations, amphotericin B and miltefosine are licensed in Germany. A number of other off‐label approaches are also commonly employed. Insect repellents, eradication of vectors and control of the animal reservoir are useful to prevent infection.
Systemic therapeutic options for severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bußmann Caroline , Bieber Thomas , Novak Natalija 
Published: October 2008

SummarySystemic therapy of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is difficult in some cases, because the use of immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporine A, mofetil mycophenolate, tacrolimus, and azathioprine is limited by adverse reactions or contraindications. Recent reports suggest a helpful role for biologics, methotrexate, anti‐IgE antibodies, and immunotherapy. We review the modes of action, as well as advantages and disadvantages of current and new systemic therapeutic options for severe AD.
Contact allergy to topical corticosteroids – results from the IVDK and epidemiological risk assessment
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , De Pádua Cristiane Menezes , Pfahlberg Annette , Nink Katrin , Schnuch Axel , Lessmann Holger 
Published: October 2008

Summary Background: Contact allergy (CA) to topical corticosteroids (CS) is relatively rare; however, current data from Germany are not available. Furthermore, valid risk assessment needs to take into account of the actual exposure to CS in the population. Patients and Methods: The reaction profile of 9 CS included in a “CS test battery” of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) in patients seen in German clinics belonging to the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; http://www.ivdk.org) between 01/1995 and 12/2004 was analyzed. Applying the “Clinical Epidemiology/Drug Utilization Research” approach, annual incidences of CA to CS in Germany were extrapolated. These estimates were used as numerator for a relative incidence (RI) estimate which used exposure in terms of “defined daily doses” (DDD) to the respective CS as denominator, the latter information collected by the AOK Research Institute (WIdO). Results: On average, 7.4% of all patients were patch tested with the CS series, mostly yielding < 1% positive reactions. Exceptions included hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate (1.5%), amcinonide (1.6%) and budesonide (2.6%). With a RI of 10.7, 23.6 and 4.9 per 100 000 DDD, respectively, the three CS mentioned classify as moderate topical drug allergens. Clobetasol 17‐propionate and triamcinolone acetonide both yielded a RI of 1.4/100 000 DDD, indicating low sensitization risk. For hydrocortisone, betamethasone, prednisolone and dexamethasone (RI < 1/100 000 DDD) the risk of sensitization appears minute. Conclusions: The results support and extend previous evidence on the CA risk of CS, adding to a therapeutic index and risk assessment.
Multicenter study „Medical‐Occupational Rehabilitation Procedure Skin – optimizing and quality assurance of inpatient‐management (ROQ)”
Authors: Skudlik Christoph , Weisshaar Elke , Scheidt Reginald , Wulfhorst Britta , Diepgen Thomas Ludwig , Elsner Peter , Schönfeld Michael , John Swen Malte 
Published: October 2008

SummaryScientifically based prevention and patient management concepts in occupational dermatology have substantially improved during recent years. Currently the public statutory employers' liability insurance bodies fund a multi‐step intervention approach designed to provide quick preventive help for all levels of severity of occupational dermatoses. An administrative guideline (hierarchical multi‐step intervention procedure for occupational skin diseases –“Stufenverfahren Haut”) insures professional support and optimal patient orientation by the statutory insurers' representatives. For secondary prevention, the so‐called dermatologist's procedure (“Hautarztverfahren”) was recently updated in order to provide more rapid dermatologic consultations which are covered for by the public statutory employers' liability insurance bodies. Additionally, combined outpatient dermatologic and health‐educational intervention seminars (“secondary individual prevention”[SIP]) are offered to affected employees in a nationwide scheme.For those cases of occupational dermatoses in which these outpatient prevention measures are not successful, interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation measures have been developed (“tertiary individual prevention”[TIP]). TIP requires 3 weeks inpatient treatment including intensive health care instruction and psychological counseling, followed by outpatient treatment by the local dermatologist. In 2005, a German prospective cohort multicenter study (“Medical‐Occupational Rehabilitation Procedure Skin – optimizing and quality assurance of inpatient‐management”–“Medizinisch‐Berufliches Rehabilitationsverfahren Haut – Optimierung und Qualitätssicherung des Heilverfahrens”[ROQ]) started which will further standardize TIP and evaluate scientific sustainability in depth (3‐year dermatological follow‐up of 1,000 patients). The study is being funded by the German Statutory Accident Insurance (Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung [DGUV]).
HHV‐6 infection – not only tertian fever
Authors: Fried Isabella , Daghofer Elisabeth , Aberer Elisabeth 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe primary infection with the human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 usually occurs before the age of two (95%) and clinically either presents as tertian fever followed by exanthem subitum (10%) or even more often as febrile disease without an exanthem. In adults an active HHV‐6 infection can present as febrile illness. A 19‐year‐old immunocompetent patient presented with high fever, exanthem, swelling of the lymph nodes and pancytopenia and was serologically diagnosed as active HHV‐6 infection with anti‐ HHV‐6‐IgM‐ and ‐IgG antibodies. Since the antibodies were already detectable on day 5 of disease, with persistence of high IgG and undetectable IgM after 4 weeks, a reactivation seemed most likely. There was no evidence for an underlying immunosuppressive disease or reactivation induced by viral co‐infection. Fulminant hepatitis or meningoencephalitis are the most frequent complications in immunocompetent individuals and have to be recognized at an early stage.
Obesity and Sexual Dysfunction in Younger Danish Men
Authors: Andersen Ingelise , Heitman Berit L. , Wagner Gorm 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Proportion of populations that are overweight and obese are on the rise and generally affecting more than 50% of the adult Western male population. It is, therefore, of interest to look at possible associations between obesity and sexual function in a homogeneous population.

Aim
To examine a possible association between sexual disorders (erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorders, and sexual desire disorders) and obesity among younger men born and living in Denmark.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study of sexual health among Danish younger men. Questionnaires were mailed to 3,300 men, aged 20–45 years and divided into six 5-year age cohorts. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression modeling. In total, 863 men (26%) responded anonymously. A similar set of data from 600 older men aged 50–75 years and from same community was used for comparison.

Main Outcome Measures
The associations between self-reported erectile, ejaculatory and desire disorders, and body mass index (BMI) were examined, stratified by age group and smoking status.

Results
The material was found to be generally representative of the Danish population of men of similar age in regard to height, weight, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Erectile dysfunction (ED) was more prevalent among these younger and older men with higher BMI, but only significant among men 20–45 years old, with an odds ratio of 2.74 (95% confidence interval 1.1–6.8). The prevalence of ED was higher among the younger obese nonsmokers than obese smokers. Premature ejaculation, retarded ejaculation, and sexual desire disorders were all unrelated to overweight or obesity.

Conclusion
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) seems associated with ED among younger men aged 20–45 years. Health programs directed toward preventing obesity in younger men may benefit from informing about an almost three-fold occurrence of erectile dysfunction associated with obesity.
The Menopausal Transition—Endocrinology
Authors: Burger Henry 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Melbourne Women's MidLife Health Project (MWMHP) and related studies have yielded valuable information regarding the endocrine changes of the menopausal transition, which are summarized in this review.

Aim
To describe the endocrinology of the menopause transition.

Main Outcome Measures
Includes changes in inhibins A and B, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol, cross-sectionally in regularly cycling volunteers, and longitudinally (including testosterone) in women passing through the menopause transition.

Methods
Early follicular phase hormone concentrations were measured by well-characterized immunoassays in normal volunteers aged 20–50 years, and in 438 subjects initially recruited between ages 45 and 55 for a longitudinal study of the menopause transition, the MWMHP, in which annual blood samples were obtained. The data summarized here includes the first 6 years of follow-up. These volunteers also recorded menstrual cycle data and responded to detailed annual questionnaires.

Results
In regularly cycling female volunteers aged more than 40 years, it was established that inhibin B is a significant determinant of circulating FSH levels. From the MWMHP, the central endocrine event marking the onset of menstrual irregularity was shown to be a fall in follicular phase inhibin B concentrations, with a nonsignificant rise in FSH and no change in estradiol or inhibin A. Cross-sectional analysis of data from women in the early stages of the MWMHP showed a wide variation in circulating FSH levels, irrespective of menopausal status, indicating that single FSH measurements provide little useful information regarding menopausal status. Based on the prospective determination of the date of final menses (FMP), it was shown that estradiol levels begin to fall and FSH levels to rise about 2 years before FMP. At the time of FMP, FSH levels were approximately 50% of those ultimately reached postmenopausally, while estradiol had fallen by approximately 50% from reproductive age levels. Despite a major decline in sexual function, as women transited the menopause, there was no significant decline in circulating testosterone levels, the decline in sexual function being correlated with the decline in estradiol, not testosterone. Analysis of data from related studies showed that endocrinologically normal ovulatory cycles could be observed in women who had already experienced cycle irregularity, even more than 3 months of amenorrhea, and could occur close to or at the time of FMP.

Conclusion
An extensive database on the endocrinology of the menopause transition, including both cross-sectional and longitudinal information, has been obtained.
Androgen Replacement in Men Undergoing Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rhoden Ernani Luis , Averbeck Márcio Augusto , Teloken Patrick E. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that may cause significant detriment in the quality of life and adversely affect the function of multiple organ systems. With the increase in life expectancy and prostate cancer (PCa) survival, a significant increase in the number of men with hypogonadism who have undergone presumably curative treatment for PCa is anticipated.

Aim
To critically review the literature regarding testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) after PCa treatment with curative intent.

Main Outcome Measures
Review of peer-reviewed literature. There was special focus on the potential implications and safety of TRT in men with hypogonadism who have undergone curative treatment for PCa.

Methods
English-language relevant publications were identified via electronic medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and DARE).

Results
Despite the wide spread of contraindication of testosterone replacement in men with known or suspected PCa, there is no convincing evidence that the normalization of testosterone serum levels in men with low but no castrate levels is deleterious. In the few available case series describing testosterone replacement after treatment for PCa, no case of clinical or biochemical progression was observed.

Conclusions
Although further studies are necessary before definitive conclusions can be drawn, the available evidence suggests that TRT can be cautiously considered in selected hypogonadal men treated with curative intent for PCa and without evidence of active disease.
Is Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Associated with the Severity of the Disease? A Pilot Study
Authors: Onem Kadir , Erol Bulent , Sanli Oner , Kadioglu Pinar , Yalin Ayse S. , Canik Uygar , Cuhadaroglu Caglar , Kadioglu Ates 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) may have a significant negative effect on sexual function.

Aim
To evaluate female sexual function in women with OSAHS.

Methods
Twenty-six patients with OSAHS were evaluated in two groups according to apnea-hypopnea index as mild (5–15, Group I, N = 16) or moderate-severe (≥15, Group II, N = 10). A third group (N = 10) of patients suspected of sleeping disorders other than OSAHS who also underwent polysomnographic studies served as the control group. All women were evaluated with a detailed sexual history including Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Meanwhile, serum levels of estradiol, prolactin, total and free testosterone and dihydroepiandrostenedione-S were determined.

Main Outcome Measures
FSFI, BDI, and serum hormonal levels.

Results
The mean ages and total FSFI scores of Group I, Group II and the control group were 46 ± 7.1, 45 ± 3.8, and 41 ± 5.4 (P &gt; 0.05); 24.7 ± 5.3, 24.5 ± 6.3, and 30.0 ± 2.5 (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. The mean FSFI domain scores were not statistically different between Groups I and II (P &gt; 0.05) (desire, 3.18 ± 1.2 vs. 2.92 ± 1.6; arousal, 3.96 ± 1.1 vs. 3.67 ± 1.2; lubrication, 4.83 ± 1.0 vs. 4.12 ± 1.1; orgasm 4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 5.15 ± 2.9; satisfaction 3.96 ± 1.1 vs. 4.05 ± 1.4 pain; 4.84 ± 1.2 vs. 4.65 ± 1.3). However, the mean scores of desire (3.18 ± 1.2 vs. 3.96 ± 0.7), orgasm (4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.1), and satisfaction (3.96 ± 1.1 vs. 4.76 ± 1.0) domains of Group I were significantly lower than the control group. Meanwhile, the mean scores of desire (2.92 ± 1.6 vs. 3.96 ± 0.7) and lubrication (4.12 ± 1.1 vs. 5.22 ± 0.9) domains were statistically different between Group II and the control group. The mean BDI scores of patients in Group I, Group II and the control group were 19.3 ± 6.3, 20.2 ± 6.6, and 11.0 ± 7.1, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, the mean levels of hormonal parameters were not significantly different from the control group (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
OSAHS is associated with a significant decrease in female sexual function. However, severity of OSAHS is not related with the degree of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). This situation reveals that both organic and psychogenic issues are being involved in FSD related with OSAHS.
Perceived Ejaculatory Latency and Pleasure in Different Outlets
Authors: Corty Eric W. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ejaculatory latencies have been studied in coitus and with masturbation, but not with oral or manual stimulation by a partner.

Aim
The present study extended research on ejaculatory latency to these outlets, and investigated the effect of perceived pleasure on self-reported ejaculatory latency.

Method
A convenience sample of male college students, not selected for sexual dysfunction, completed questionnaires assessing the outcome measures.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-report measures of latency to ejaculation in, and perceived pleasure associated with, four different outlets (vaginal intercourse, oral intercourse, manual stimulation by a partner, and masturbation).

Results
Ejaculatory latencies in partnered activities were predictive of each other. Masturbatory latencies were predictive of coital latencies but not oral or manual stimulation latencies; all the partnered activities were predictive of each other. There was no difference in time to ejaculation among any of the partnered outlets, although ejaculation occurred more quickly with masturbation than with coitus or manual stimulation. In terms of pleasure associated with the outlets, vaginal and oral intercourse were perceived as equally pleasurable, and both were rated as more pleasurable than manual stimulation or masturbation, which did not differ from each other.

Conclusions
These results suggest that rapidity of ejaculation is consistent across outlets for the partnered sexual activities, and that there is little unique—in terms of ejaculatory latency—about vaginal intercourse compared with oral or manual stimulation by a partner. Masturbation, however, does differ from the partnered activities. Although the average correlation, for individuals, between latency and pleasure for the different outlets is near zero, there are subgroups of men who have (i) a negative relation, (ii) a positive relation, or (iii) no relation. Results show that men, for whom greater pleasure is associated with shorter latency, are more likely to be dissatisfied with their intravaginal ejaculatory latencies, regardless of actual latency.
A Woman's History of Vaginal Orgasm is Discernible from Her Walk
Authors: Nicholas Aurelie , Brody Stuart , De Sutter Pascal , De Carufel François 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Research has demonstrated the association between vaginal orgasm and better mental health. Some theories of psychotherapy assert a link between muscle blocks and disturbances of both character and sexual function. In Functional–Sexological therapy, one focus of treatment is amelioration of voluntary movement. The present study examines the association of general everyday body movement with history of vaginal orgasm.

Aim
The objective was to determine if appropriately trained sexologists could infer women's history of vaginal orgasm from observing only their gait.

Methods
Women with known histories of either vaginal orgasm or vaginal anorgasmia were videotaped walking on the street, and their orgasmic status was judged by sexologists blind to their history.

Main Outcome Measure
The concordance between having had orgasms triggered by penile–vaginal intercourse (not orgasm from direct clitoral stimulation) and raters' inferences of vaginal orgasm history based on observation of the woman's walk was the main outcome measure.

Results
In the sample of healthy young Belgian women (half of whom were vaginally orgasmic), history of vaginal orgasm (triggered solely by penile–vaginal intercourse) was diagnosable at far better than chance level (81.25% correct, Fisher's Exact Test P &lt; 0.05) by appropriately trained sexologists. Clitoral orgasm history was unrelated to both ratings and to vaginal orgasm history. Exploratory analyses suggest that greater pelvic and vertebral rotation and stride length might be characteristic of the gait of women who have experienced vaginal orgasm (r = 0.51, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The discerning observer may infer women's experience of vaginal orgasm from a gait that comprises fluidity, energy, sensuality, freedom, and absence of both flaccid and locked muscles. Results are discussed with regard to previous research on gait, the effect of the musculature on sexual function, the special nature of vaginal orgasm, and implications for sexual therapy.