bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycoprotein-specific immune responses in cats after exposure to feline herpesvirus-1
Authors: Burgener David C. , Maes Roger K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To obtain synchronous infection, 10 cats were inoculated with feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) on the oral, nasal, and conjunctival mucosa. Swab specimens of the nasal, conjunctival, and pharyngeal mucosa were obtained for virus isolation from each cat before inoculation and at 3-day intervals thereafter until postinoculation day 21. Recovery of virus and evidence of clinical signs were used to document fhv-1 infection.
Serum was obtained from blood samples collected sequentially from each cat between day 0 and postinoculation day 90. Virus-neutralizing antibody titer was determined in all serum specimens. Immunoprecipitation with [35S]methionine- and [14C]glucosamine-labeled viral antigens, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis, was performed on each specimen. Three precipitation bands with approximate molecular weights of 105,000, 68,000, and 60,000 were separated from [14C]glucosamine- and [35S]methionine labeled immunoprecipitates.
The concurrent detection of virus-neutralizing antibody and glycoprotein-specific immunoprecipitins implied that in cats, the fhv-1 glycoproteins were important in the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies to fhv-1.
Production and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Penaredondo Maria V. , Maheswaran Samuel K. , Whiteley Laurence O. , Ames Trevor R. , Leininger Joel R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the cell surface antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 were obtained by the fusion of murine myeloma cells (P3 × 63 − Ag 8.653) with splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with crude logarithmic growth-phase culture supernatant. Initial screening was performed, using an elisa, with the same bacterial growth culture supernatant as coating antigens. Further selection was done, using a panel of purified antigens—either capsular polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide—as the coating antigen in an elisa, and then performing a leukotoxin-neutralization assay. Two mab, designated IIB-6 and H-2, reacted specifically with the capsular polysaccharide and the other 3, designated IVG-3, IH-3, and IIC-2, reacted with the lipopolysaccharide. One mab, designated IH-6, did not react with leukotoxin, capsular polysaccharide, or lipopolysaccharide. The mab to the capsular polysaccharide (IIB-6 and H-2) were characterized further; both antibodies belonged to the IgM class and were agglutinating. In addition, they promoted neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis and complement-mediated immune bacteriolysis of P haemolytica serotype 1. Results from 3 studies indicated that the mab IIB-6 and H-2 were specific only to the capsular polysaccharide of serotype 1 of P haemolytica. The mab to the lipopolysaccharide (IVG-3, IH-3, and IIC-2) were of the IgG1, IgG3, and IgM classes, respectively and were not characterized further.
The availability of a mab identifying a serotype-specific, surface-exposed determinant on the capsule of P haemolytica serotype 1 should facilitate and expand studies concerning the role of the capsular material and lipopolysaccharide in the pathogenicity of P haemolytica infection in cattle.
Biochemical indicators of bone formation in foals after transfer from pasture to stables for the winter months
Authors: Mäenpää Pekka H. , Pirskanen Asta , Koskinen Erkki 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum concentrations of osteocalcin, free thyroxine, protein, and cholesterol were measured in 14 foals monthly from birth to 1 year of age. A transient decrease (P < 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin, free thyroxine, and cholesterol concentrations was found in November after transferring the horses from pasture to stables for the winter months. During the 2 subsequent months, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration increased slightly. Protein concentration was highest in late fall and decreased (P < 0.001) in April and May, suggesting inadequate protein nutrition during the winter months. The data were interpreted to indicate a substantial slowdown of bone formation in foals after transfer from pasture to stables. Factors influencing bone formation may include a decrease in physical activity and in serum free thyroxine concentration.
Immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a recombinant vaccinia virus in calves
Authors: Wedman E. E. , Smith A. W. , Oliver R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experiments concerned with the immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a recombinant vaccinia:Sindbis virus were conducted. The WR strain of the recombinant vaccinia:Sindis virus was found to be infective for calves and mildly pathogenic, resulting in local tissue reaction. It was not transmissible to other calves. Also, it was found to be immunogenic when inoculated intradermally into calves, and antibody was produced against the parent vector virus (vaccinia) and the Sindbis antigen. Recombinant virus given iv to calves induced no detectable clinical signs, nor did the calves develop neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, second-passage lesion material containing up to 107 tissue culture infective doses of the recombinant virus failed to induce development of lesions or illness in intradermally inoculated calves, and virus could not be recovered from the inoculation sites. In this series of experiments, this vaccinia recombinant given intradermally was immunogenic, mildly pathogenic at the local injection site only, and was not transmissible to contact animals, thus demonstrating the potential efficacy and safety of the WR strain of vaccinia virus when used as a live vector system in cattle.
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro antibacterial activity of rifampin in the horse
Authors: Wilson W. David , Spensley Michael S. , Baggot J. Desmond , Hietala Sharon K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of rifampin were determined after iv (10 mg/kg of body weight) and intragastric (20 mg/kg of body weight) administration to 6 healthy, adult horses. After iv administration, the disposition kinetics of rifampin were best described by a 2-compartment open model. A rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase, with a half-life (t1/2[β]) of 7.27 ± 1.11 hours. The mean body clearance was 1.49 ± 0.41 ml/min-kg, and the mean volume of distribution was 932 ± 292 ml/kg, indicating that rifampin was widely distributed in the body.
After intragastric administration of rifampin in aqueous suspension, a brief lag period (0.31 ± 0.09 hour) was followed by rapid, but incomplete, absorption (t1/2[a] = 0.51 ± 0.32 hour) and slow elimination (t1/2[d] = 11.50 ± 1.55 hours). The mean bioavailability (fractional absorption) of the administered dose during the first 24 hours was 53.94 ± 18.90%, and we estimated that 70.0 ± 23.6% of the drug would eventually be absorbed. The mean peak plasma rifampin concentration was 13.25 ± 2.70 μg/ml at 2.5 ± 1.6 hours after dosing. All 6 horses had plasma rifampin concentrations > 2 μg/ml by 45 minutes after dosing; concentrations > 3 μg/ml persisted for at least 24 hours. Mean plasma rifampin concentrations at 12 and 24 hours after dosing were 6.86 ± 1.69 μg/ml and 3.83 ± 0.87 μg/ml, respectively.
We tested 162 isolates of 16 bacterial species cultured from clinically ill horses for susceptibility to rifampin. All strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Str equi, Str equisimilis, Rhodococcus equi, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were highly susceptible to rifampin (minimal inhibitory concentration [mic] ≤ 0.25 μg/ml). The susceptibility of the gram-negative nonenteric bacteria, Actinobacillus suis spp, A equuli, Pasteurella spp, and Bordetella bronchiseptica, was variable (mic ≤ 0.008 to mic > 16). All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the gram-negative enteric bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp, and Salmonella spp were resistant to rifampin (mic ≥ 4 μg/ml).
Effect of withholding feed on ventilation and the incidence of regurgitation during halothane anesthesia of adult cattle
Authors: Blaze C. A. , LeBlanc P. H. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six cows were anesthetized for 90 minutes with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentrations of halothane in oxygen, after 48 hours without food and 12 hours without water. On a separate occasion, the cows were allowed access to feed and water up to the time of induction of anesthesia, with the sequence of feeding vs fasting randomized. Every 15 minutes, measurements were made of end-tidal halothane concentration, arterial blood gas tensions, mean arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, tidal volume, minute volume, airflow rate, and transpulmonary pressure, and calculations were made of dynamic compliance and pulmonary resistance. Any regurgitation was recorded. Hypoventilation was noticed in all cows, but to a greater degree in fed cows. Fed cows became hypoxemic, whereas arterial oxygen tension did not change in nonfed cows. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, tidal volume, and minute volume did not change. Arterial pH decreased progressively in all cows. Dynamic compliance also decreased progressively in all cows, and was consistently lower in fed cows. Pulmonary resistance tended to increase in all cows, but the increase was significant only in fed cows at 90 minutes. All fed cows became tympanitic, and 2 cows regurgitated a small volume of fluid at 55 minutes. Three nonfed cows regurgitated larger volumes at times ranging from 8 minutes to 85 minutes.
Comparison of sensory nerve conduction velocities in horses versus ponies
Authors: Blythe L. L. , Engel H. N. , Rowe K. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Normal sensory nerve conduction velocity (sncv) values in 8 ponies and 8 horses were compared by use of a percutaneous signal-averaging technique. Nerve fibers evaluated included those in the medial and lateral palmar and plantar digital nerves. Mean sncv values were significantly slower (P < 0.0002) for horses, compared with those values for ponies. Animal height and nerve segment length were inversely related to sncv consistently. The sncv values were affected by surface skin temperature by a factor of approximately 1.2 m/s change for 1° C change in temperatures from 35 C. The ability to calculate warning limits to define those sncv values in normal and abnormal ranges were developed from these data for both ponies and horses.
Bilateral kidney translocation in sheep
Authors: Baird A. N. , Brown S. Anthony , Jones Larry P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bilateral kidney translocation was performed on 7 adult sheep. In each sheep, we took 9 renal biopsy specimens (40 mg each) percutaneously between 36 and 110 days after surgery. The serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations remained normal, at least through postoperative day 66 (7 biopsy specimens). The 7 sheep were euthanatized and necropsied 113 days after surgery; 75 to 90% of each kidney was normal. The only abnormal areas of each kidney were attributable to resolving biopsy lesions. This surgical model may allow for fewer animals to be used for tissue residue or nephrotoxicity studies.
Properties of monoclonal antibodies against Berne virus (Toroviridae)
Authors: Kaeffer B. , van Kooten P. , Ederveen J. , van Eden W. , Horzinek M. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven hybridomas that secreted monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the peplomer protein and one that secreted mab against the nucleocapsid protein of Berne virus (proposed family Toroviridae) were isolated. All mab directed against the peplomer protein neutralized virus infectivity and, with the exception of mab 6A7, inhibited each other's binding in competition assays. Neutraization of Berne virus infectivity was potentiated when some mab were used in pairs. The antibodies have been used to localize toroviral proteins in infected cells; use of antipeplomer mab 6B10 yielded a diffuse intracytoplasmic immunofluorescence, whereas the antinucleocapsid mab 1F1 detected antigen in the intra- and perinuclear compartments. By use of radioimmune precipitation, protein A of Staphylococcus aureus was found to bind directly to the nucleocapsid polypeptide, without the requirement for specific antibody. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated protein A, the intranuclear accumulation of the nucleoprotein of Berne virus was confirmed by results of immunofluorescence.
Intestinal and Cardiopulmonary Forms of Parvovirus Infection in a Litter of Pups
Authors: Carpenter James L. , Roberts Richard M. , Harpster Neil K. , King Norval W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Parvovirus infection caused signs of gastrointestinal illness in all pups in a litter of 12 and death in 6 of them when 12 to 19 days old. The remaining pups recovered from the gastrointestinal infection, but 5 of the 6 died before they were 9½ weeks old, with signs of cardiopulmonary, disease. Necropsy findings were cardiomegaly, myocarditis, pulmonary congestion, and interstitial pneumonia. The only surviving pup also had signs of cardiopulmonary disease but was apparently well at 18 months of age.
Placental Lesions Caused by Pseudorabies Virus in Pregnant Sows
Authors: Hsu F. S. , Chu R. M. , Lee R. C. T. , Chu S. H. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pathologic and viral investigations were done on 13 fetal placentas and 23 aborted fetuses associated with naturally occurring pseudorabies in swine.
Of the 13 fetal placentas examined, 7 (53.8%) had various degrees of necrotizing placentitis. The lesions were characterized by coagulative necrosis of the chorionic fossae and by intranuclear inclusions in degenerating trophoblasts and occasionally in mesenchymal cells. In addition, a mild inflammatory cell reaction was observed in the mesenchyma.
Numerous viral particles, ultrastructurally indistinguishable from herpesvirus, were observed by electron microscopy in the affected chorionic membrane. Large aggregates of herpesvirus virions were demonstrated in the nucleus and cytoplasm of degenerated trophoblasts and mesenchymal cells.
Of the 23 aborted fetuses examined, 22 (95.6%) had typical coagulative necrosis in the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and visceral lymph nodes. Inclusions similar to those in the chorionic placenta were observed in the parenchymal cells of those organs, on the margins of necrotic areas.
Pseudorabies virus was isolated from various organs of the aborted fetuses, but virus isolation from the placentas was not attempted. In a survey of 52 affected sows, sera from 49 (94.2%) neutralized the isolated virus.
The findings indicated that the placental lesions caused by the virus were primary. The study also indicated the merit of routine examination of aborted fetal placentas and fetuses for diagnosis of pseudorabies.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection in a Group of Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Rosenberg Daniel P. , Lerche Nicholas W. , Henrickson Roy V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Diarrheal disease associated with abortions and stillbirths occurred in a group of 42 Macaca fascicularis. The group was composed of wild-caught adults and their colony-born offspring housed in a half-acre cage. Thirteen adult females and 1 infant male were affected. All 14 monkeys had diarrhea and all 9 pregnant females either aborted or had a stillbirth. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from 7 animals. In addition, Y enterocolitica was isolated from 1 monkey and Shigella flexneri type IV was isolated from 5 monkeys. One adult female had a mixed infection of both Y pseudotuberculosis and S flexneri. Every pregnant monkey from which Y pseudotuberculosis was isolated aborted or had a stillbirth. Five animals died, and Y pseudotuberculosis was the only pathogen isolated from these 5 monkeys.
Comparison of Agar Gel Immunodiffusion and Fecal Culture for Identification of Goats with Paratuberculosis
Authors: Sherman David Μ. , Gezon Horace Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A large goat herd naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been monitored for new infections for approximately 2½ years, using both agar gel immunodiffusion and bacterial culture of feces. On the basis of postmortem confirmation of infection status, both methods had equal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The agar gel immunodiffusion test offered distinct advantages in ease of performance and rapidity of test results. It was concluded that serious consideration should be given to the immunodiffusion test as a diagnostic tool in control programs for caprine paratuberculosis.
Urinary Calculi Associated with Portosystemic Shunts in Six Dogs
Authors: Marretta Sandra Manfra , Pask Alan J. , Greene Richard W. , Liu Si-kwang 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Portosystemic shunts were diagnosed in 6 dogs with urinary calculi and signs of neurologic disease. Five of the dogs were initially examined because of neurologic signs, and 1 was seen because of urinary tract problems. The composition of the calculi was variable, but in all 13 episodes of calculi formation, the calculi contained an ammonium or uric acid component. One dog is being controlled under medical management; 4 of the dogs died, and 1 was euthanatized.
The interpretation of pathogenesis was that decreased delivery of blood to the liver due to shunting or decreased liver function can potentially result in high blood concentrations of ammonia and uric acid, both of which are metabolic end products cleared by the kidneys; thus, the urinary tract would be an excellent environment for the precipitation of their salts.
Use of Fluorocarbon Polymer and Carbon Fiber for Restoration of Facial Contour in a Horse
Authors: Valdez H. , Rook J. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 10-year-old gelding was operated on for a depression fracture involving the frontal, lacrimal, and nasal bones. The fracture had been sustained 4 months prior to surgery and was healed. Fluorocarbon polymer and carbon fiber was implanted sub-periosteally to reconstruct the defect, giving the animal a more cosmetic appearance.
Double-Chambered Right Ventricle in Two Dogs
Authors: Willard M. D. , Eyster G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 2 dogs (3 and 8 months old), double-chambered right ventricle was diagnosed by selective angiocardiography. In 1 dog, the systolic pressure in the outflow tract portion of the right ventricle and in the main pulmonary artery was 13 mm of Hg, whereas the systolic pressure in the right ventricle proximal to a constricting muscular ring was 80 mm of Hg. The absence of a valvular pressure gradient and the appearance of normal valves at surgery indicated that the right ventricular outflow obstruction was a congenital lesion. The 67-mm of Hg pressure gradient suggested the need for resection of the obstruction. The defect was corrected surgically and the dog was clinically normal when examined 1½ years later. The 2nd dog was not considered for corrective surgery because of a clinically insignificant gradient in the right ventricular outflow tract. When the dog was examined at 11 months of age, the cardiac silhouette was bilaterally enlarged. However, inasmuch as the dog had not experienced any exercise intolerance or weakness and the electrocardiogram was normal, further diagnostic and therapeutic work was not done. When the dog was examined at 20 months of age, it appeared healthy.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Hypertension in the Dog
Authors: Pyle R. L. , Park R. D. , Alexander A. F. , Hill B. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical, physiologic, and pathologic manifestations of patent ductus arteriosus (pda) with pulmonary hypertension (right to left type pda) were studied in 5 dogs. Cyanosis, hindlimb collapse, low-intensity heart murmurs, and splitting of the 2nd heart sound were prominent clinical findings. Secondary polycythemia was a feature in 3 dogs. Electrocardiography revealed marked frontal plane right axis deviation in all dogs. Radiographic findings in all dogs consisted of an enlarged right ventricle and main pulmonary artery segment, with a hypovascular pulmonary pattern. A wide descending aorta was evident in 4 dogs. Pulmonary arteriography revealed blunt, tortuous secondary and tertiary vessels. Blood flow through the pda was from right to left in 4 dogs and bidirectional in 1. Necropsy of 1 dog revealed extensive pulmonary arterial disease characterized by fibrornuscular intimal proliferation. Surgical correction was contraindicated, and medical therapy was not required in the 4 dogs retained by the owners as pets. Due to the persisting congenital heart defect and the real and potential sequelae, the prognosis is guarded.
Abortion Associated with Toxoplasmosis in Sheep in Oregon
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Schmitz J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in an ovine fetus from a farm in Eddyville, Ore. Of 34 ewes on the farm, 30 aborted during the 1979 lambing season. One fetus and accompanying fetal placenta were submitted for diagnosis. Focal necrosis, calcification of cotyledons, and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii were found in the placenta. The fetal heart was infiltrated with mononuclear cells, and numerous T gondii cysts were in the myocardium.
Cyclic Combination Chemotherapy of Canine Lymphosarcoma
Authors: MacEwen E. Gregory , Brown Nancy O. , Patnaik Amiya K. , Hayes Audrey A. , Passe S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifty-nine dogs with lymphosarcoma were treated with a combination chemotherapy protocol consisting of vincristine, l-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. Complete remission was achieved in 53 dogs (89.9%); partial response occurred in 4 dogs (6.8%); and minimal response occurred in 2 dogs (3.4%). The median survival time was 219 days. An analysis of factors associated with prognosis revealed that age, sex, and lung involvement were not associated with response to therapy, whereas clinical stage and body weight at time of diagnosis were associated with response to therapy.
Clinical and Structural Features of Equine Enteroliths
Authors: Blue M. G. , Wittkopp R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enteroliths were obtained by laparotomy or necropsy of 11 horses, and a collection of smaller concretions was found on pasture. Following analysis by energy-dispersion x-ray analysis and x-ray diffraction, they were found to consist primarily of ammonium magnesium phosphate. Several minor elements were detected, including titanium in some concretions. From a farm with a history of enterolith obstructions, the well water contained a high proportion of magnesium in relation to the other cations.
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Three Dogs
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Verlander Jill W. , Hribernik Thomas N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed in 3 dogs that could not concentrate their urine in response to water deprivation or exogenous administration of antidiuretic hormone. Dog 1 had congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; dog 2 had acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to Escherichia coli pyelonephritis; dog 3 had acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with hypercalcemia in conjunction with lymphosarcoma. Diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation and exogenous administration of antidiuretic hormone.