bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pd‐Catalyzed ortho‐Selective Oxidative Coupling of Halogenated Acetanilides with Acrylates
Authors: Lee George T. , Jiang Xinglong , Prasad Kapa , Repič Oljan , Blacklock Thomas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCoupling of different halogenated acetanilides with acrylates using Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐selective CH bond activation is reported. The yields of coupled products are low to high depending on the substrate. In general, arenes with electron‐rich substituents like methoxy and methyl groups gave higher yields of the coupled products. The presence of the halogen substituent did not interfere with the activation process under these conditions
Taking “Nothing” into Consideration: Supported Metal Catalysts by SAXS
Authors: Pagliaro Mario 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe analysis of the X‐ray diffraction patterns scattered at small‐angles (SAXS) by porous materials is a powerful analytical tool providing relevant structural information on supported metals used as heterogeneous catalysts. In particular, the technique offers valuable structural insights on the interphases which govern the chemical behaviour of these materials. Using a series of silica‐supported palladium catalysts we show how SAXS experiments address the crucial importance of porosity (or “nothing”) in affecting the structure of these catalysts.
Lithium Perchlorate‐Catalyzed Boc Protection of Amines and Amine Derivatives
Authors: Heydari Akbar , Hosseini Seyed Esmaeil 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new mild and chemoselective method for mono‐N‐protection of amines and amine derivatives as tert‐butoxycarbonyl derivatives is reported. The reaction proceeds with lithium perchlorate (20 mol %) and pyrocarbonates, and shows general applicability. The catalytic action of LiClO4 is specific for the activation of Boc2O, thus acid‐sensitive functionalities of the starting materials remain unchanged in the protection process. This procedure works well for sterically hindered primary amine as well as electron‐deficient primary arylamines, primary and secondary amino alcohols, α‐amino acid esters, hydroxylamines, hydrazines and sulfonamides.
Pronounced Catalytic Effect of Micellar Solution of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) for Regioselective Iodination of Aromatic Compounds with a Sodium Iodide/Cerium(IV) Trihydroxide Hydroperoxide System
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Garzan Atefeh 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMicellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) catalyze the regioselective iodination of a wide range of aromatic compounds with sodium iodide in the presence of the easily prepared, water‐resistant and recyclable cerium(IV) trihydroxide hydroperoxide, Ce(OH)3O2H, at room temperature. By this protocol, structurally diverse aromatic compounds including benzene and naphthalene were iodinated in good to excellent yields.
Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Branched Ketimines: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cycloalkylamines via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Ros Abel , Magriz Antonio , Dietrich Hansjörg , Ford Mark , Fernández Rosario , Lassaletta José M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe transfer hydrogenation of 2‐substituted bicyclic and monocyclic ketimines using HCO2H/ Et3N as the hydrogen source and TsDPEN‐based Ru(II) and Ir(III) catalysts proceeds with dynamic kinetic resolution to afford the corresponding cis‐cycloalkylamines with moderate to excellent levels of diastero‐ and enantioselectivity. A “one‐pot” procedure starting from ketones as starting materials with in situ formation of the reacting imines has also been developed.
Nutrition and health at contact in late prehistoric central Gulf Coast Florida
Authors: Hutchinson Dale L. , Norr Lynette 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of human remains from Tatham Mound, a dual‐component mortuary site from central Gulf Coast Florida. The human remains from Tatham are significant because they come from a limited time period during the initial contact with Europeans at AD 1525–1550. Dietary reconstruction demonstrates that at the time of European contact, maize was not a predominant dietary item. Low frequencies for several dental and skeletal pathological indicators are consistent with relatively good health as compared to other Southeastern late prehistoric and protohistoric populations. Despite the limited time period represented by the mound population, critical interactions occurred between Native Americans and Spaniards, as indicated by skeletal elements severed by metal weapons. The Tatham population is significant because it is one of the earliest studied populations contacted by Europeans in North America, and the only one with well‐documented sharp‐force trauma that represents intergroup hostility. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐line photodecomposition for the determination of antimony species
Authors: Miravet R. , Bonilla E. , López‐Sánchez J. F. , Rubio R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractOn‐line UV photooxidation by peroxodisulfate was coupled to ion chromatography hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (IC‐UV‐HG‐AFS) for the speciation of inorganic antimony [Sb(III) and Sb(V)] and methylated species. Several parameters (UV lamp, irradiation time and peroxodisulfate concentration) that greatly influence the sensitivity of these three antimony species were investigated in depth. Under optimized conditions, photodecomposition resulted in an improvement in methylantimony species sensitivity. Dilution in di‐ammonium tartrate medium was necessary in order to ensure short‐term stability of Sb(III) at the µg l−1 concentration level. Furthermore, the efficiency of irradiation was strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the measured solution. Detection limits of 0.04 µg l−1 for Sb(V), 0.03 µg l−1 for Me3SbCl2 and 0.03 µg l−1 for Sb(III) as well as repeatability and reproducibility better than 4 and 8% RSD, respectively, were obtained. The proposed methodology was applied for antimony speciation in terrestrial plant sample extracts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous development of synovitis and cartilage degeneration in transgenic mice overexpressing cathepsin K
Authors: Morko Jukka , Kiviranta Riku , Joronen Kirsi , Säämänen Anna‐Marja , Vuorio Eero , Salminen‐Mankonen Heli 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveSeveral recent studies have demonstrated that cathepsin K, a proteolytic enzyme capable of degrading native fibrillar collagen, is overexpressed in osteoarthritic cartilage and inflamed synovial tissue. However, it is not known whether increased cathepsin K production is a primary or a secondary event in these diseases. The availability of transgenic UTU17 mice, which exhibit constitutive overexpression of the cathepsin K gene, prompted us to study possible arthritic changes in their knee joints.MethodsProgression of synovitis and articular cartilage degeneration in the knee joints of UTU17 mice and their nontransgenic littermates was monitored by histologic analyses at 7 and 12 months of age. Distribution of cathepsin K in the knee joints was studied by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAt the age of 7 months, UTU17 mice exhibited clear signs of synovitis, with strong immunostaining for cathepsin K in the synovial lining and the stroma, while control knee joints appeared normal. At 12 months, marked synovial thickening and fibrosis and severe degradation of cartilage and subchondral bone were observed in UTU17 mouse knee joints. In areas of cartilage degeneration, both chondrocytes and cells of hypertrophic synovia were positive for cathepsin K. At 12 months, synovia of control mice revealed only a few isolated cathepsin K–positive cells and mild changes in articular cartilage.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that overexpression of the cathepsin K gene under its own promoter in transgenic mice makes them susceptible to progressive synovitis, which, upon aging, results in synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis and subsequent destruction of articular cartilage and bone.
Ridge directional singular points for fingerprint recognition and matching
Authors: Dagher Issam , Badawi Mustafa , Beyrouti Bassam 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a new approach to extract singular points in a fingerprint image is presented. It is usually difficult to locate the exact position of a core or a delta due to the noisy nature of fingerprint images. These points are the most widely used for fingerprint classification and matching. Image enhancement, thinning, cropping, and alignment are used for minutiae extraction. Based on the Poincaré curve obtained from the directional image, our algorithm extracts the singular points in a fingerprint with high accuracy. It examines ridge directions when singular points are missing. The algorithm has been tested for classification performance on the NIST‐4 fingerprint database and found to give better results than the neural networks algorithm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral root bridging as a strategy to enhance L‐DOPA production in Stizolobium hassjoo hairy root cultures by using a mesh hindrance mist trickling bioreactor
Authors: Sung Lin‐Shiang , Huang Shih‐Yow 
Published: December 2005

AbstractStizolobium hassjoo hairy roots exhibited a lateral root bridging behavior, enabling not only root dry weight but enhancement of intracellular L‐DOPA content. When a single root tip was exerted a proper hindrance, the primary root growth was inhibited while lateral roots were profusely induced. The hindrance‐induced lateral roots from individual primary root could bridge together under appropriate inoculation densities, leading to high density hairy root cultures producing secondary metabolites. In the present paper, a novel bioreactor was proposed based on a strategy of lateral root bridging by utilizing mesh as a hindrance, called “mesh hindrance mist trickling bioreactor (MHMTB)”. Significant improvements of dry weight and L‐DOPA production by using MHMTB were 1.8 and 2.2‐folds, respectively, higher than those in the control run without the mesh hindrance within the root bed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation
Authors: Sutcliffe R , Maguire D , Portmann B , Rela M , Heaton N 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) plays a pivotal role in the management of selected patients with initial hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After disappointing early results and a shortage of cadaveric grafts, patients are currently selected for OLT on the basis of tumour size and number. Limitations of these criteria and the advent of living donation have prompted their re-evaluation. The principal aims of this review were to define the limitations of current transplant criteria for HCC, and to identify potential areas for improvement.

Methods
A Medline search using the terms ‘liver transplantation’ and ‘hepatocellular carcinoma’ was conducted. Additional references were sourced from key articles.

Results and conclusion
In patients with HCC, biological properties of the tumour are more accurate than radiological criteria in determining outcome after transplantation. Despite the risks of tumour biopsy, which may have been previously overstated, histological evaluation before transplantation may have a role and warrants further study. By expanding the donor pool and eliminating waiting times, live donor liver transplantation is a valuable resource that has yet to fulfil its potential because of unresolved ethical issues concerning the safety of the donor. The availability of long-term outcome data may help to clarify this in the near future.
Prehospital ultrasound imaging improves management of abdominal trauma
Authors: Walcher F , Weinlich M , Conrad G , Schweigkofler U , Breitkreutz R , Kirschning T , Marzi I 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Blunt abdominal trauma with intra-abdominal bleeding is often underdiagnosed or even overlooked at trauma scenes. The purpose of this prospective, multicentre study was to compare the accuracy of physical examination and prehospital focused abdominal sonography for trauma (PFAST) to detect abdominal bleeding.

Methods
Six rescue centres took part in the study from December 2002 to December 2003, including 230 patients with suspected abdominal injury. The accuracy of physical examination at the scene and PFAST were compared. Later examinations in the emergency department (ultrasonography and/or computed tomography) were used as the reference standard.

Results
The complete protocol and follow-up was obtained in 202 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PFAST were 93 per cent, 99 per cent and 99 per cent, respectively, compared with 93 per cent, 52 per cent and 57 per cent for physical examination at the scene. Scanning with PFAST occurred a mean(s.d.) 35(13) min earlier than ultrasound in the emergency department. Abdominal bleeding was detected in 14 per cent of patients. Using PFAST led to a change in either prehospital therapy or management in 30 per cent of patients, and a change to admitting hospital in 22 per cent.

Conclusion
In this study, PFAST was a useful and reliable diagnostic tool when used as part of surgical triage at the trauma scene.
The Solution Structure of the AppA BLUF Domain: Insight into the Mechanism of Light‐Induced Signaling
Authors: Grinstead Jeffrey S. , Hsu Shang‐Te D. , Laan Wouter , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Hellingwerf Klaas J. , Boelens Rolf , Kaptein Robert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe transcriptional antirepressor AppA from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides senses both the light climate and the intracellular redox state. Under aerobic conditions in the dark, AppA binds to and thereby blocks the function of PpsR, a transcriptional repressor. Absorption of a blue photon dissociates AppA from PpsR and allows the latter to repress photosynthesis gene expression. The N terminus of AppA contains sequence homology to flavin‐containing photoreceptors that belong to the BLUF family. Structural and chemical aspects of signal transduction mediated by AppA are still largely unknown. Here we present NMR studies of the N‐terminal flavin‐binding BLUF domain of AppA. Its solution structure adopts an α/β‐sandwich fold with a βαββαββ topology, which represents a new flavin‐binding fold. Considerable disorder is observed for residues near the chromophore due to conformational exchange. This disorder is observed both in the dark and in the light‐induced signaling state of AppA. Furthermore, we detect light‐induced structural changes in a patch of surface residues that provide a structural link between light absorption and signal‐transduction events.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Zeolite‐Encapsulated TiO2 Clusters by Complexation with Organic Additives and N‐Doping
Authors: Alvaro Mercedes , Carbonell Esther , Fornés Vicente , García Hermenegildo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the literature it was found that titanium oxide clusters of a few metal atoms encapsulated inside the micropores of zeolite Y exhibit large blue shifts in the TiO ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer band as compared to non‐encapsulated bulk titanium dioxide particles. This blue shift of the TiO absorption band is believed to have a negative effect on the photocatalytic activity of zeolite‐encapsulated TiO2. We report here on circumventing this problem and increasing visible‐light absorption by means of a red shift of the absorption band caused by addition of some organic molecular modifiers containing acidic OH groups that can strongly bind with titanol groups TiOH. In the studied series of zeolite‐encapsulated TiO2 samples, the red shift of the optical spectrum follows the order: catechol>4‐aminobenzoic acid>benzoic acid. Also N‐doping of zeolite‐encapsulated TiO2 clusters by thermal treatment with urea leads to a red shift of the TiO2 absorption band that depends on the annealing and hydration conditions. By comparison to the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution, we have demonstrated that these changes in the absorption spectrum on addition of the organic modifier are also reflected in the photocatalytic activity of the samples; a greater increase in photocatalytic activity (about 30 %) was observed for the additive catechol.
Identification of peptides from human pathogens able to cross‐activate an HIV‐1‐gag‐specific CD4+ T cell clone
Authors: Venturini Sara , Allicotti Gina , Zhao Yindong , Simon Richard , Burton Dennis R. , Pinilla Clemencia , Poignard Pascal 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAntigen recognition by T cells is degenerate both at the MHC and the TCR level. In this study, we analyzed the cross‐reactivity of a human HIV‐1 gag p24‐specific CD4+ T cell clone obtained from an HIV‐1‐seronegative donor using a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial peptide library (PS‐SCL)‐based biometrical analysis. A number of decapeptides able to activate the HIV‐1 gag‐specific clone were identified and shown to correspond to sequences found in other human pathogens. Two of these peptides activated the T cell clone with the same stimulatory potency as the original HIV‐1 gag p24 peptide. These findings show that an HIV‐1‐specific human T helper clone can react efficiently with peptides from other pathogens and suggest that cellular immune responses identified as being specific for one human pathogen (HIV‐1) could arise from exposure to other pathogens.
Nickel potentiates the genotoxic effect of benzo[a]pyrene in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells
Authors: Deng Cheng Z. , Fons Michael P. , Rosenblatt Judah , El‐Zein Randa A. , Abdel‐Rahman Sherif Z. , Albrecht Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe modulating effect of acute exposure to NiCl2 on the induction of chromosome aberrations by a model carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), was examined in Chinese hamster V79 lung cells. At concentrations up to 20 μg/ml (84.2 μM), NiCl2 did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in V79 cells when the cells were exposed concomitantly to 0.5 μg/ml B[a]P. Addition of the S15 liver microsomal fraction together with the B[a]P did not alter the results. Addition of NiCl2 2 hr before treatment of cells with 0.5 μg/ml B[a]P also did not result in a significant elevation of the frequency of chromosome aberrations, even at NiCl2 concentrations as high as 20 μg/ml. Contrasting sharply with these findings, when V79 cells were treated with NiCl2 immediately after B[a]P exposure, a significant increase in the frequency of chromosome damage was observed at NiCl2 concentrations as low as 5 μg/ml (21.1 μM). NiCl2‐mediated enhancement of chromosome damage was also observed when V79 cells were exposed to the reactive B[a]P intermediate, benzo[a]pyrene–r−7,t−8‐dihydrodiol‐t−9,10‐epoxide (BPDE). In the BPDE‐treated cells, the level of NiCl2‐mediated enhancement was similar to that observed with the tumor promoter 12‐o‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA, 100 ng/ml). These results are consistent with the view that the effect of nickel (II) on B[a]P‐induced genetic damage is dependent on the relative times of exposure to Ni2+ and B[a]P. NiCl2 did not enhance the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by Chromium (VI), regardless of the order of addition of the chemicals to the V79 cells. These results suggest that nickel may act as a promoter of chemically‐induced genetic damage through induction of error‐prone repair. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) to environmental modelling on adaptive unstructured grids
Authors: Ahmad Nash'at N. , Bacon David P. , Hall Mary S. , Sarma Ananthakrishna 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTwenty years ago, the multidimensional, positive definite, advection transport algorithm was introduced by Smolarkiewicz. Over the two decades since, it has been applied countless times to numerous problems, however almost always on rectilinear grids. One of the few exceptions is the Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA), an atmospheric simulation system originally designed to simulate atmospheric dispersion in the planetary boundary layer, but since then used for both mesoscale (from meso‐α to meso‐γ) dispersion and weather forecasting. One of the unique aspects of OMEGA is the triangular unstructured grid geometry which leads in a natural way to the creation of a global grid with continuously variable resolution from roughly 100 km over the oceans to less than 10 km over regions of interest. Another unique aspect is the concept of dynamically adapting grid resolution—sometimes also called solution‐adaptive grid resolution. A central element of the modelling system, however, is its advection solver—MPDATA. This paper presents the implementation of MPDATA on an unstructured grid and demonstrates its accuracy and efficiency using analytic and idealized test cases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine on cognition, quality of life and adverse events in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Takeda A. , Loveman E. , Clegg A. , Kirby J. , Picot J. , Payne E. , Green C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe use of cholinesterase inhibiors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently being appraised by the National Institute for Clintical Evidence (NICE). This article provides the latest evidence that NICE will be using as part of this appraisal process.ObjectiveTo provide a systematic review of the best quality evidence of the effects of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine on cognition, quality of life and adverse events in people with mild to moderately‐severe AD.DesignElectronic databases were searched, references of all retrieved articles were checked, and experts were contacted for advice, peer review and to identify additional references. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they fulfilled pre‐specified criteria. Data were synthesised through a narrative review.ResultsTwenty‐six RCTs that compared any one of the cholinesterase inhibitors with either a control group or with another cholinesterase inhibitor were included. The quality of reporting and methodology was varied. Treatment with donepezil, rivastigmine or galantamine resulted in significantly better cognitive performance using the ADAS‐cog scale when compared with placebo. These findings were generally supported using the MMSE scale. Results from head to head comparisons were limited by the low number of studies and the study quality; generally showing no robust support for any one drug. Few studies evaluated quality of life. Adverse events were generally related to the gastrointestinal system, with a tendency for these to be more common in the treatment arms.ConclusionsThe cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine can delay cognitive impairment in patients with mild to moderately‐severe AD for at least 6 months duration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.