bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea‐level related resedimentation processes on the northern slope of Little Bahama Bank (Middle Pleistocene to Holocene)
Authors: LANTZSCH HENDRIK , ROTH SVEN , REIJMER JOHN J. G. , KINKEL HANNO 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMiddle Pleistocene to Holocene sediment variations observed in a 26 metre long core taken during a cruise of the RV Marion Dufresne are presented. Core MD992202 was retrieved from the northern slope of Little Bahama Bank and provides an excellent example for sedimentation processes in a mid‐slope depositional environment. The sediment composition indicates sea‐level related deposition processes for the past 375 000 years (marine isotope stages 1 to 11). The sediments consist of: (i) periplatform ooze (fine‐grained particles of shallow‐water and pelagic origin) with moderate variations in carbonate content, carbonate mineralogy and grain‐size; and (ii) coarser intervals with cemented debris consisting of massive, poorly sorted, mud‐supported or clast‐supported deposits with an increased high‐magnesium calcite content. During interglacial stages (marine isotope stages 1, 5, 7, 9 and 11) periplatform oozes (i) are characterized by higher aragonite contents, finer grain‐size and higher organic contents, whereas during glacial stages (marine isotope stages 2 to 4, 6, 8 and 10), increased low‐magnesium and high‐magnesium calcite values, coarser grain‐size and lower organic contents are recorded. These glacial to interglacial differences in mineralogy, grain‐size distribution and organic content clearly show the impact of climatically controlled sea‐level fluctuations on the sedimentation patterns of the northern slope of Little Bahama Bank. The coarser deposits (ii) occur mainly at the transitions from glacial to interglacial and interglacial to glacial stages, and are interpreted as redeposition events, indicating a direct link between sediment properties (changes in mineralogy, grain‐size distribution, variations in organic contents) and sea‐level fluctuations. Changes in hydrostatic pressure and the wave base position during sea‐level changes are proposed to have triggered these large‐scale sediment redepositions.
Particle shape: a review and new methods of characterization and classification
Authors: BLOTT SIMON J. , PYE KENNETH 
Published: September 2007

AbstractShape is a fundamental property of all objects, including sedimentary particles, but it remains one of the most difficult to characterize and quantify for all but the simplest of shapes. Despite a large literature on the subject, there remains widespread confusion regarding the meaning and relative value of different measures of particle shape. This paper re‐examines the basic concepts of particle shape and suggests a number of new and modified methods which are widely applicable to a range of sedimentological problems; it is shown that the most important aspects of particle form are represented by the I/L ratio (elongation ratio) and S/I ratio (flatness ratio). A combination of these two ratios can be used to classify particles in terms of 25 form classes. A method of obtaining a quantitative measure of particle roundness using simple image analysis software is described, and a new visual roundness comparator is presented. It is recommended that measurements of both roundness and circularity (a proxy measure of sphericity) are made on grain images in three orthogonal orientations and average values calculated for each particle. A further shape property, irregularity, is defined and a classification scheme proposed for use in describing and comparing irregular or branching sedimentary particles such as chert and coral.
Rheological behaviour of the crust in Southern Apennine (Italy): results from a thermal and seismological study
Authors: Solaro Giuseppe , Tizzani Pietro , Milano Girolamo , Pauselli Cristina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTo add information on the brittle/ductile transition of the Southern Apennine, we investigated a rheological profile of the crust along a WSW–ENE‐oriented cross‐section running from Neapolitan Volcanic Zone to Apulia foreland. The rheological model was obtained computing a thermal modelling and constrained by a relocalization of earthquakes of the area. Results show that the area is characterized by horizontal rheological variations, with two horizons interlayered with ductile horizons, that are quite predominant with respect to vertical ones. The horizontal stratification of lithospheric rheology has important geodynamic consequence and could provide new insights to better understand the tectonic processes which have played a major role to construct the Southern Apennine belt. Results of this study suggested that well‐constrained rheological models, built integrating information from both relocated earthquakes and thermal state, could give important hints on the mechanical behaviour of the crust and its related tectonic processes.
Modelling the lithospheric rheology control on the Cretaceous rifting in West Antarctica
Authors: Bonini Marco , Corti Giacomo , Ventisette Chiara Del , Manetti Piero , Mulugeta Genene , Sokoutis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSmall‐scale analogue models were used to investigate the process of Cretaceous orthogonal extension in the West Antarctic Rift System. The models considered the transition from the East Antarctic Craton to a weaker lithosphere, and the results support previous hypotheses about the strong control exerted by lateral variations in lithospheric structures on the process of extension. Strain was mostly accommodated at the boundary between the two types of lithosphere, with a relative uplift of the cratonic block which remained essentially undeformed. Conversely, the weaker lithosphere showed wide‐rifting style geometry, locally associated with core complex‐like structures. In agreement with the natural prototype, this tectonic scenario led to a long‐lasting extension without continental break‐up, and to the absence of relevant surface magmatism.
Conditional oxidative stress responses in the Arabidopsis photorespiratory mutant cat2 demonstrate that redox state is a key modulator of daylength‐dependent gene expression, and define photoperiod as a crucial factor in the regulation of H2O2‐induced cell death
Authors: Queval Guillaume , Issakidis‐Bourguet Emmanuelle , Hoeberichts Frank A. , Vandorpe Michaël , Gakière Bertrand , Vanacker Hélène , Miginiac‐Maslow Myroslawa , Van Breusegem Frank , Noctor Graham 
Published: September 2007

SummaryPhotorespiration is a light‐dependent source of H2O2 in the peroxisomes, where concentrations of this signalling molecule are regulated by catalase. Growth of Arabidopsis knock‐out mutants for CATALASE2 (cat2) in ambient air caused severely decreased rosette biomass, intracellular redox perturbation and activation of oxidative signalling pathways. These effects were absent when cat2 was grown at high CO2 levels to inhibit photorespiration, but were re‐established following a subsequent transfer to air. Growth of cat2 in air at different daylengths revealed that photoperiod is a critical determinant of the oxidative stress response. Decreased growth was observed in 8‐h, 12‐h and 16‐h photoperiods, but lesion development was dependent on long days. Experiments at different light fluence rates showed that cell death in cat2 was linked to long days and not to total light exposure or the severity of oxidative stress. Perturbed intracellular redox state and oxidative signalling pathway induction were more prominent in short days than in long days, as evidenced by glutathione status and induction of defence genes and oxidative stress‐responsive transcripts. Similar daylength‐dependent effects were observed in the response of mature plants transferred from short days in high CO2 conditions to ambient air conditions. Prior growth of plants with short days in air alleviated the cat2 cell‐death phenotype in long days. Together, the data reveal the influence of photoperiodic events on redox signalling, and define distinct photoperiod‐dependent strategies in the acclimation versus cell‐death decision in stress conditions.
In vitro specificities of Arabidopsis co‐activator histone acetyltransferases: implications for histone hyperacetylation in gene activation
Authors: Earley Keith W. , Shook Molly S. , Brower‐Toland Brent , Hicks Leslie , Pikaard Craig S. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryIn genetic hybrids displaying nucleolar dominance, acetylation of lysines 5, 8, 12 and 16 of histone H4 (H4K5, H4K8, H4K12, H4K16) and acetylation of histone H3 on lysines 9 and 14 (H3K9, H3K14) occurs at the promoters of active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, whereas silenced rRNA genes are deacetylated. Likewise, histone hyperacetylation correlates with the active state of transgenes and of endogenous plant genes involved in physiological processes, including cold tolerance, light‐responsiveness and flowering. To investigate histone hyperacetylation dynamics we used sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor known to switch silent rRNA genes on, in order to enrich the pool of acetylated histones. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed unique mono‐ (K16Ac), di‐ (K12Ac, K16Ac), tri‐ (K8Ac, K12Ac, K16Ac), and tetra‐acetylated (K5Ac, K8Ac, K12Ac, K16Ac) histone H4 isoforms, suggesting that H4 hyperacetylation occurs in a processive fashion, beginning with lysine 16 and ending with lysine 5. Using a combination of molecular and mass spectrometric assays we then determined the specificities of seven of the nine functional co‐activator type histone acetyltransferases (HATs) in Arabidopsis thaliana: specifically HATs of the CBP (HAC1, HAC5, HAC12), GNAT (HAG1, HAG2), and MYST families (HAM1, HAM2). Specific HATs acetylate histone H4K5 (HAM1, HAM2), H4K12 (HAG2), and H3K14 (HAG1), suggesting that acetylation of these lysines may have special regulatory significance. Other acetylation events, including histone H3K9 acetylation, are likely to result from the activities of the broad‐specificity HAC1, HAC5, and HAC12 histone acetyltransferases.
Geranyl diphosphate synthase is required for biosynthesis of gibberellins
Authors: Van Schie Chris C. N. , Ament Kai , Schmidt Axel , Lange Theo , Haring Michel A. , Schuurink Robert C. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryGeranyl diphosphate synthase (GPS) is generally considered to be responsible for the biosynthesis of monoterpene precursors only. However, reduction of LeGPS expression in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) by virus‐induced gene silencing resulted in severely dwarfed plants. Further analysis of these dwarfed plants revealed a decreased gibberellin content, whereas carotenoid and chlorophyll levels were unaltered. Accordingly, the phenotype could be rescued by application of gibberellic acid. The dwarfed phenotype was also obtained in Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with RNAi constructs of AtGPS. These results link geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. They also demand a re‐evaluation of the role of GPS in precursor synthesis for other di‐, tri‐, tetra‐ and/or polyterpenes and their derivatives.
Lessons from local engagement in Latin American health systems
Authors: Meads Geoffrey D. , Griffiths Frances E. , Goode Sarah D. , Iwami Michiyo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives To examine the management of recent policies for stronger patient and public involvement in Latin American health systems, identifying common features and describing local practice examples of relevance to the UK.Context Participation is a core principle of many contemporary policies for health system reform. In Latin America, as in the UK, it is frequently associated with innovations in primary care services and their organizational developments. This shared interest in alternative models of local engagement offers new opportunities for collaborative research and policy development.Design Commissioned by UK policy makers, a 4‐year research programme was designed to promote exchanges with international counterparts focusing on how modern reform policies are being implemented. The selected countries possessed comparable principles and timeframes for their reforms. A series of individual country case studies were undertaken. Data were drawn from literature and documentary reviews; semi‐structured interviews with national policy makers and expert advisers; and with management representatives at local exemplar sites. The aggregate data were subjected to thematic analysis applying a model for sustainable development.Results Six common factors were identified in Latin American policies for stronger patient and public involvement. From these the most significant transferable learning for the UK relates to the position and status of professions and non‐governmental agencies. Illustrative case exemplars were located in each of the eight countries studied.
Development and characterization of SCAR markers associated with a dominant genic male sterility in rapeseed
Authors: Hong D. F. , Liu J. , Yang G. S. , He Q. B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRs1046AB is a dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) line in rapeseed, in which the sterility has always been thought to be conditioned by the interaction of a male sterility gene (Ms) and its non‐allelic restorer gene (Rf). This system provides not only a tool for assisting in recurrent selection but also a promising system for hybrid production. Based on previous studies, two amplified fragment length polymorphism markers linked with the Ms gene were converted into a dominant and a co‐dominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, respectively. The putative linear order relationship of three dominant SCAR markers with the same genetic distance from the Rf gene, was also determined by an examination of whether the homologues of these markers are present or not in different lines carrying Rf. A bigger fragment generated by the closest marker linked to the Rf gene was observed in all lines carrying the recessive allele rf, suggesting that this marker is a co‐dominant marker, which was further confirmed by nucleotide sequence comparison of these fragments. SCAR markers specific for Ms and Rf will be especially valuable in marker‐assisted DGMS three‐line breeding.
Anatomical study of perineal pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Saito Seiichi , Murakami Gen 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  One of the major disadvantages of radical perineal prostatectomy used to be that lymphadenectomy could not be conducted through the same incision. We anatomically evaluate perineal pelvic lymphadenectomy using cadavers.Methods:  Three male specimens that had been subjected to pathological dissection were examined for perineal pelvic lymphadenectomy and the inside views were shown. Operation time, the number of lymph nodes and the inside views of cadavers were evaluated.Results:  We can carry out obturator lymphadenectomy as well as partial internal iliac and external iliac lymphadenectomy between the obturator nerve and external iliac vein under direct vision or laparoscopy in about 20 min. The median number of lymph nodes removed from the three cadavers was eight. It may be easier after prostatectomy because there is then enough space.Conclusion:  This method resolves one of the major disadvantages of perineal prostatectomy and makes possible a wide variety of perineal operations.
Molecular dynamics simulation of crack tip blunting in opposing directions along a symmetrical tilt grain boundary of copper bicrystal
Authors: LUQUE A. , ALDAZABAL J. , MARTÍNEZ‐ESNAOLA J. M. , GIL SEVILLANO J. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTMode I crack growth along some grain boundaries of copper embrittled by solute segregation shows strong anisotropy. For instance, growth along the direction on the symmetrical tilt boundary has been reported to occur by intergranular brittle fracture, whereas growth along the opposite sense occurs in a ductile manner. In this paper, we simulate such crack configurations using molecular dynamics (embedded atom method [EAM]) in 3‐dimensional perfect bicrystalline samples of pure copper of the aforementioned orientation at room temperature. In both cases the response is ductile, crack opening taking place by dislocation emission from the crack tip. The critical stress intensity factors (SIFs) for dislocation emission have been calculated by matching the displacement fields of the atoms in the tip neighbourhood with the continuum elastic fields. They are of the same order of magnitude for both growth senses despite the different morphology of their respective blunted crack tips and of the patterns of dislocations constituting their plastic zones. Thus, it seems that, in agreement with published results of continuum crystalline plasticity for the same problem, the plastic anisotropy associated with the different orientation of the slip systems with respect to the crack cannot in this case explain the experimental behaviour observed with solute embrittled bicrystals.
The interaction between personality, offspring fitness and food abundance in North American red squirrels
Authors: Boon Adrienne K. , Réale Denis , Boutin Stan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAnimal personality is now frequently reported in wild and captive populations. It has been shown to be moderately heritable and to have potentially important fitness consequences. Variation in personality within a population may be maintained by balancing selection if different values of personality traits are favoured under different conditions. We measured personality in 98 female North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben), and examined whether its variation could be maintained by changing selection pressures acting via reproductive traits and yearly variation in food abundance. There was no effect of personality on parturition date or litter size, but a female’s activity was correlated to the growth rate of her offspring in the nest, and her aggressiveness was correlated to their survival in the nest and overwinter. The magnitude and direction of the effects changed among life history stages and years, possibly in association with food supply in some cases, and may indicate a role for balancing selection in the maintenance of personality.
Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses
Authors: Winfree Rachael , Williams Neal M. , Dushoff Jonathan , Kremen Claire 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOne of the values of biodiversity is that it may provide ‘biological insurance’ for services currently rendered by domesticated species or technology. We used crop pollination as a model system, and investigated whether the loss of a domesticated pollinator (the honey bee) could be compensated for by native, wild bee species. We measured pollination provided to watermelon crops at 23 farms in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA, and used a simulation model to separate the pollen provided by honey bees and native bees. Simulation results predict that native bees alone provide sufficient pollination at > 90% of the farms studied. Furthermore, empirical total pollen deposition at flowers was strongly, significantly correlated with native bee visitation but not with honey bee visitation. The honey bee is currently undergoing extensive die‐offs because of Colony Collapse Disorder. We predict that in our region native bees will buffer potential declines in agricultural production because of honey bee losses.
The ‘Heuristics and Biases’ Bias in Expert Elicitation
Authors: Kynn Mary 
Published: September 2007

SummaryIn the early 1970s Tversky and Kahneman published a series of papers on ‘heuristics and biases’ describing human inadequacies in assessing probabilities, culminating in a highly popular article in Science. This seminal research has been heavily cited in many fields, including statistics, as the definitive research on probability assessment. Curiously, although this work was debated at the time and more recent work has largely refuted many of the claims, this apparent heuristics and biases bias in elicitation research has gone unremarked. Over a decade of research into the frequency effect, the importance of framing, and cognitive models more generally, has been almost completely ignored by the statistical literature on expert elicitation. To remedy this situation, this review offers a guide to the psychological research on assessing probabilities, both old and new, and gives concrete guidelines for eliciting expert knowledge.
Morocco's Migration Experience: A Transitional Perspective1
Authors: De Haas Hein 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTUsing a ‘transitional’ perspective on migration, which combines three theoretical approaches on dynamic development‐migration linkages, this paper interprets the evolution of migration within, from, and to Morocco over the twentieth century. Colonization and the incorporation of rural areas, along with a certain level of socio‐economic development, have spurred internal and international wage labour migration both within Morocco and from Morocco to Europe. Migration seems to be the result of development rather than the lack of development. Populations from highly marginalized regions were less likely to participate in migration than populations from the three, moderately enclosed “migration belts” which had established traditions of pre‐modern, largely circular migration. At the onset of large‐scale emigration in the 1960s, the spatial patterns of labour migration were significantly infuenced by colonial bonds with Spain and France, selective labour recruitment, and Moroccan selective passport issuance policies.However, the influence of such policies rapidly decreased due to the effects of migration‐facilitating networks. Increasingly restrictive policies coincided with a growing reliance on family migration, permanent settlement, undocumented migration, and the exploration of new migration itineraries, and had no success in reducing migration levels.Alongside patterns of decentralizing internal migration, a spatial diffusion of international out‐migration has expanded beyond the historical migration belts in response to new labour opportunities in southern Europe. Persistent demand for migrant labour, along with demographic factors and increasing aspirations, suggest that migration over formally closed borders is likely to remain high in the near future. However, in the longer term, out‐migration might decrease and Morocco could increasingly develop into a migration destination for migrants from sub‐Saharan Africa, a transition process which may already have een set in motion.