bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyacrylamide‐based monolithic capillary column with coating of cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenyl‐carbamate) for enantiomer separation in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Wu Renan , Dong Jing , Wu Minghuo , Zhu Yan , Zou Hanfa 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA hydrophilic chiral capillary monolithic column for enantiomer separation in CEC was prepared by coating cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenyl‐carbamate) (CDMPC) on porous hydrophilic poly(acrylamide‐co‐N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide) (poly(AA‐co‐MBA)) monolithic matrix with confine of a fused‐silica capillary. The coating conditions were optimized to obtain a stable and reproducible chiral stationary phase for CEC. The effect of organic modifier of ACN in aqueous mobile phase for the enantiomer separation by CEC was investigated, and the significant influence of ACN on the enantioresolution and electrochromatographic retention was observed. Twelve pairs of enantiomers including acidic, neutral, and basic analytes were tested and nine pairs of them were baseline‐enantioresolved with acidic and basic aqueous mobile phases. A good within‐column repeatability in retention time (RSD = 2.4%) and resolution (RSD = 3.2%) was obtained by consecutive injections of a neutral compound, benzoin, on a prepared chiral monolithic column, while the between‐column repeatability in retention time (RSD = 6.4%) and resolution (RSD = 9.6%) was observed by column‐to‐column examination. The prepared monolithic stationary phase showed good stability in either acidic or basic mobile phase.
Forecasting changes in UK interest rates
Authors: Kim Tae‐Hwan , Mizen Paul , Chevapatrakul Thanaset 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMaking accurate forecasts of the future direction of interest rates is a vital element when making economic decisions. The focus on central banks as they make decisions about the future direction of interest rates requires the forecaster to assess the likely outcome of committee decisions based on new information since the previous meeting. We characterize this process as a dynamic ordered probit process that uses information to decide between three possible outcomes for interest rates: an increase, decrease or no change. When we analyse the predictive ability of two information sets, we find that the approach has predictive ability both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample that helps forecast the direction of future rates. Copyright © 2008 John wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical correlates of Parkinsonian signs in community‐ dwelling Chinese older persons: a population based study
Authors: Tam Cindy W. C. , Lam Linda C. W. , Lui Victor W. C. , Chan W. C. , Chan Sandra S. M. , Chiu Helen F. K. , Chan W. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground and objectiveThis study examined the clinical correlates of parkinsonian signs including neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment and medical illness burden in the community‐dwelling non‐demented Chinese elderly.MethodsA random sample of 765 Chinese elderly subjects from a thematic household survey was recruited. There were 389 normal elderly controls (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0) (NC) and 376 subjects with questionable dementia (CDR 0.5). The subjects with questionable dementia (CDR 0.5) were categorized into two groups: a MCI group (n = 291) and a very mild dementia (VMD) group (n = 85). Parkinsonian signs were measured by Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale‐ motor scale (UPDRS). The clinical correlates were investigated in each group.ResultsUPDRS motor score was associated with age, cumulative medical illness burden and cerebrovascular accidents in the normal control and MCI groups. It correlated negatively with MMSE scores in the NC group. It was associated with presence of soft signs in the NC and MCI groups; and apathy in the VMD group.ConclusionNeuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors had different patterns of associations with parkinsonian signs in the older persons with different degree of cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistent default‐mode network connectivity during light sedation
Authors: Greicius Michael D. , Kiviniemi Vesa , Tervonen Osmo , Vainionpää Vilho , Alahuhta Seppo , Reiss Allan L. , Menon Vinod 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe default‐mode network (DMN) is a set of specific brain regions whose activity, predominant in the resting‐state, is attenuated during cognitively demanding, externally‐cued tasks. The cognitive correlates of this network have proven difficult to interrogate, but one hypothesis is that regions in the network process episodic memories and semantic knowledge integral to internally‐generated mental activity. Here, we compare default‐mode functional connectivity in the same group of subjects during rest and conscious sedation with midazolam, a state characterized by anterograde amnesia and a reduced level of consciousness. Although the DMN showed functional connectivity during both rest and conscious sedation, a direct comparison found that there was significantly reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex during conscious sedation. These results confirm that low‐frequency oscillations in the DMN persist and remain highly correlated even at reduced levels of consciousness. We hypothesize that focal reductions in DMN connectivity, as shown here in the posterior cingulate cortex, may represent a stable correlate of reduced consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystalline Structure of Mangiferin, a C‐Glycosyl‐Substituted 9H‐Xanthen‐9‐one Isolated from the Stem Bark of Mangifera indica
Authors: da Cruz José W. , de Moraes Lucas R. , dos Santos Marcelo H. , da Silva Geraldo Alves , Brigagão Maisa R. P. L. , Ellena Javier , Doriguetto Antonio C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe crystalline structure of mangiferin (=2‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxy‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one; 1), a biologically active xanthenone C‐glycoside, isolated from the stem bark of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), was unambiguously determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The crystal structure is summarized as follows: triclinic, P1, a=7.6575(5), b=11.2094(8), c=11.8749(8) Å, α=79.967(5), β=87.988(4), γ=72.164(4)°, V=955.3(1) Å3, and Z=2. The structure also shows two molecules in the asymmetric unit cell and five crystallization H2O molecules. The packing is stabilized by several intermolecular H‐bonds involving either the two symmetry‐independent mangiferin molecules 1a and 1b, or the H2O ones.
Three New Sesquiterpenoids from Xylaria sp. NCY2
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Yu , Li Yao‐Yao , Huang Yao‐Jian , Su Wen‐Jin , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThree new sesquiterpenoids, xylarenones A (1) and B (2), and xylarenic acid (3), were obtained from the endophytic fungal strain Xylaria sp. NCY2, which was isolated from Torreya jackii Chun. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, and by HR‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry. The antitumor and antibacterial properties of the new compounds were evaluated.
Unexpected Novel Pheophytin Peroxides from the Leaves of Biden pilosa
Authors: Lee Tzong‐Huei , Lu Chung‐Kuang , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Lo Jir‐Mehng , Lee Ching‐Kuo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo new pheophytins, bidenphytins A (1) and B (2), with peroxide functionalities on ring E, were isolated from Biden pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip., a popular Taiwanese folk medicine. Also isolated were the following six known compounds: pheophytin a (3), (132R)‐132‐hydroxypheophytin a (4), (132S)‐132‐hydroxypheophytin a (5), (132R)‐132‐hydroxypheophytin b (6), (132S)‐132‐hydroxypheophytin b (7), and aristophyll‐C (8). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR) and by mass spectrometry (HR‐FAB‐MS). Possible biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 are proposed.
Effects of selective and combined serotonin and dopamine depletion on the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) in humans
Authors: O'Neill Barry V. , Guille Valérie , Croft Rodney J. , Leung Sumie , Scholes Kirsty E. , Phan K. Luan , Nathan Pradeep J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been suggested as a possible in vivo measure of central serotonin function. However, more recent studies suggest that the LDAEP may be modulated by multiple neuromodulatory systems in addition to the serotonergic system. Accordingly we further examined the effects of selective serotonin, dopamine and simultaneous serotonin and dopamine depletion on the LDAEP in healthy subjects.MethodsThe study employed a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, cross over design. Fourteen subjects were tested under four acute treatment conditions: placebo (balanced amino acid drink), tryptophan (serotonin) depletion (ATD), tyrosine/phenylalanine (dopamine) depletion (ATPD) and combined tryptophan/tyrosine/phenylalanine (serotonin and dopamine) depletion (CMD). Testing was conducted 5.5 h post‐depletion and changes in the amplitude of the N1/P2 at varying intensities (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 dB) were examined at CZ.ResultsGreater than 80% plasma precursor depletion was achieved across all conditions. Despite significant depletion of monoamine precursors, ATD, (p = 0.318), ATPD (p = 0.061) and CMD (p = 0.104) had no effects on the LDAEP (60–100 dB).ConclusionAcute serotonin and dopamine depletion did not modulate the LDAEP. This finding adds support to growing evidence that the LDAEP is insensitive to acute changes in serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selenium transport and transformation modelling in soil columns and ground water contamination prediction
Authors: Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad , Tanji Kenneth K. , Rajaee Taher 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSelenium transport and transformation were simulated in a soil column. A one‐dimensional dynamic mathematical and computer model is formulated to simulate, selenate, selenite, selenomethionine, organic selenium, and gaseous selenium. This computer model is based on the mass balance equation, including convective transport, dispersive transport, surface adsorption, oxidation and reduction, volatilization, chemical and biological transformation. The mathematical solution is obtained by the finite difference implicit method. The model was verified by comparison of model results with experimental measurements and also using mass balance calculations in each time step of calculation. For example after 4 days of simulation, the simulated value of adsorbed selenate for depth of 20 cm is 0·2 µmol kg−1 and the measured value is 0·25 µmol kg−1. Therefore simulated results are in good agreement with measured values. With this study and its results the distribution of various forms of selenium in soil column to ground water table can be predicted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire effects on rangeland hydrology and erosion in a steep sagebrush‐dominated landscape
Authors: Pierson Frederick B. , Robichaud Peter R. , Moffet Corey A. , Spaeth Kenneth E. , Hardegree Stuart P. , Clark Patrick E. , Williams C. Jason 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPost‐fire runoff and erosion from wildlands has been well researched, but few studies have researched the degree of control exerted by fire on rangeland hydrology and erosion processes. Furthermore, the spatial continuity and temporal persistence of wildfire impacts on rangeland hydrology and erosion are not well understood. Small‐plot rainfall and concentrated flow simulations were applied to unburned and severely burned hillslopes to determine the spatial continuity and persistence of fire‐induced impacts on runoff and erosion by interrill and rill processes on steep sagebrush‐dominated sites. Runoff and erosion were measured immediately following and each of 3 years post‐wildfire. Spatial and temporal variability in post‐fire hydrologic and erosional responses were compared with runoff and erosion measured under unburned conditions. Results from interrill simulations indicate fire‐induced impacts were predominantly on coppice microsites and that fire influenced interrill sediment yield more than runoff. Interrill runoff was nearly unchanged by burning, but 3‐year cumulative interrill sediment yield on burned hillslopes (50 g m−2) was twice that of unburned hillslopes (25 g m−2). The greatest impact of fire was on the dynamics of runoff once overland flow began. Reduced ground cover on burned hillslopes allowed overland flow to concentrate into rills. The 3‐year cumulative runoff from concentrated flow simulations on burned hillslopes (298 l) was nearly 20 times that measured on unburned hillslopes (16 l). The 3‐year cumulative sediment yield from concentrated flow on burned and unburned hillslopes was 20 400 g m−2 and 6 g m−2 respectively. Fire effects on runoff generation and sediment were greatly reduced, but remained, 3 years post‐fire. The results indicate that the impacts of fire on runoff and erosion from severely burned steep sagebrush landscapes vary significantly by microsite and process, exhibiting seasonal fluctuation in degree, and that fire‐induced increases in runoff and erosion may require more than 3 years to return to background levels. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation of HER2 and telomerase biomarkers in solid tumors with IgY antibodies and nanocrystal detection
Authors: Xiao Yan , Gao Xiugong , Gannot Gallya , Emmert‐Buck Michael R , Srivastava Sudhir , Wagner Paul D. , Amos Michael D. , Barker Peter E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn an effort to improve affinity biomarker validation in fixed patient tissue specimens, we have developed a novel quantum dot‐based bioimaging system that utilizes chicken IgY antibody for high sensitivity and specificity relative quantitation of cancer proteins. Monospecific, polyclonal IgYs were generated against human HER2 and telomerase, and analytically validated for specificity by western blot and immunohistochemistry on tumor and normal cells and for relative affinity by layered peptide array (LPA). IgYs bound desired targets in cell lines and fixed tissues and showed greater affinity than commercial mammalian antibodies for both HER2 and telomerase proteins. In tissue microarray experiments, HER2 quantitation with IgY antibody and quantum dot imaging correlated well with chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), whereas telomerase quantitation suggested a trend toward correlation with prostate cancer Gleason Grade and differentiation. Although patient numbers were small, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of relative quantitation of cancer biomarkers with IgY and quantum dot fluorophores, and show promise for rigorous clinical validation in large patient cohorts. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Site‐specific analysis of N‐glycans on haptoglobin in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer: A novel approach for the development of tumor markers
Authors: Nakano Miyako , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Ito Toshifumi , Kitada Takatoshi , Hijioka Taizo , Kasahara Akinori , Tajiri Michiko , Wada Yoshinao , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Miyoshi Eiji 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt was found in our previous studies that the concentration of fucosylated haptoglobin had increased in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) compared to those of other types of cancer and normal controls. Haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, has four potential N‐glycosylation sites, although it remains unknown which site is responsible for the change in fucosylated N‐glycans. In the present study, site‐specific N‐glycan structures of haptoglobin in sera obtained from patients with PC or chronic pancreatitis (CP) were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that concentrations of total fucosylated di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐branched glycans of haptoglobin increased in the sera of PC patients. Tri‐antennary N‐glycans containing a Lewis X‐type fucose markedly increased at the Asn211 site of haptoglobin N‐glycans. While fucosylated N‐glycans derived from serum haptoglobin of patients with CP slightly increased, di‐fucosylated tetra‐antennary N‐glycans were observed only at this site in PC patients, and were absent in the haptoglobin of normal controls and individuals with CP. Thus, the present study provides evidence that site‐specific analyses of N‐glycans may be useful as novel tumor markers for PC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Inuit cancer pattern—The influence of migration
Authors: Boysen Trine , Friborg Jeppe , Andersen Andreas , Nilsson Poulsen Gry , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Inuit cancer pattern is characterized by high frequencies of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)‐associated carcinomas of the nasopharynx and salivary glands. The reasons are unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are believed to be involved. Using data from the well‐defined Inuit population in Greenland we investigated whether migration to Denmark influenced their risk of cancer. Greenland is part of the Danish Kingdom, and population‐based registries cover both countries. Using rates for Denmark as reference, sex‐specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated for Inuit who never lived in Denmark and for those who at least once were registered with a Danish address. During 1973–2003, we observed 3,567 cancers in a cohort of 77,888 persons. Of these, 862 among 26,214 Inuit ever living in Denmark, and 2,705 among 51,674 nonmigrating Inuit. High SIRs for cancers of the nasopharynx [31.7 (CI 22.0‐45.5)] and salivary glands [3.1 (CI 1.4–6.9)] observed among Inuit migrating to Denmark were comparable to those observed among Inuit never living in Denmark. Significant higher risk of cancer of the bladder, breast, prostate gland, skin, brain and stomach was observed among Inuit following migration to Denmark. The SIR was not generally influenced by duration of stay. The high risk of carcinoma of the nasopharynx and salivary glands observed in Inuit populations is maintained after migration to a low incidence area. This indicates that genetic factors or environmental factors acting early in life are etiologically important for these cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of sulfide on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and p‐cresol by a denitrifying sludge
Authors: Meza‐Escalante Edna R , Texier Anne‐Claire , Cuervo‐López Flor , Gómez Jorge , Cervantes Francisco J 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Many industrial discharges, such as those generated from petrochemical refineries, contain large amounts of sulfurous, nitrogenous and organic contaminants. Denitrification has emerged as a suitable technology for the simultaneous removal of these pollutants in a single reactor unit; however, more evidence is demanded to clarify the limitations of denitrification on the simultaneous removal of sulfide and phenolic contaminants and to optimize the biological process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a denitrifying sludge to simultaneously convert sulfide and p‐cresol via denitrification.RESULTS: Sulfide was the preferred electron donor over p‐cresol, imposing a 5 h lag phase (required for complete sulfide removal) on organotrophic denitrification. Addition of sulfide (20 mg S2− L−1) to p‐cresol‐amended denitrifying cultures also decreased the reduction rate of nitrate and nitrite, as well as the production rate of nitrogen gas. Nitrite reduction rate was the most affected step by sulfide, decreasing from 35 to 21 mg N (g VSS d)−1. A synergistic inhibitory effect of nitrate and sulfide was also observed on nitrite reduction. Despite the effects of sulfide on the respiratory rates monitored, complete removal of nitrate, sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved after 48 h of incubation.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that simultaneous removal of sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved in denitrifying reactors, but a large hydraulic residence time may be required to sustain an efficient process due to inhibitory effects of sulfide. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Nidogens—Extracellular matrix linker molecules
Authors: HO Matthew S.P. , Böse Kerstin , Mokkapati Sharada , Nischt Roswitha , Smyth Neil 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNidogens/entactins are a family of highly conserved, sulfated glycoproteins. Biochemical studies have implicated them as having a major structural role in the basement membrane. However despite being ubiquitous components of this specialized extracellular matrix and having a wide spectrum of binding partners, genetic analysis has shown that they are not required for the overall architecture of the basement membrane. Rather in development they play an important role in its stabilization especially in tissues undergoing rapid growth or turnover. Nidogen breakdown has been implicated as a key event in the basement membrane degradation occurring in mammary gland involution. A number of studies, most compellingly those in C. elegans, demonstrated that nidogens may have other nonstructural roles and be involved in axonal pathfinding and synaptic transmission. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3‐T imaging of the cranial nerves using three‐dimensional reversed FISP with diffusion‐weighted MR sequence
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Meng Quanfei , Chen Yingming , Li Ziping , Luo Boning , Yang Zhiyun , Mao Lijuan , Lin Erjian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo depict the normal anatomy of cranial nerves in detail and define the exact relationships between cranial nerves and adjacent structures with three‐dimensional reversed fast imaging with steady‐state precession (FISP) (3D‐PSIF) with diffusion‐weighted MR sequence.Materials and Methods3D‐PSIF with diffusion‐weighted MR sequence was performed and axial images were obtained in 22 healthy volunteers. Postprocessing techniques were used to generate images of cranial nerves, and the images acquired were compared with anatomical sections and textbook diagrams.ResultsIn all subjects, 3D‐PISF sequence could produce homogeneous images and high contrast between the cranial nerves and other solid structures. The intracranial portions of all cranial nerves except the olfactory nerve were identified; the extracranial portions of nerves II–XII, except the nerves within the cavernous sinuses, were identified in all subjects bilaterally.ConclusionThe 3D‐PSIF with diffusion‐weighted sequence can characterize the normal MR appearance of cranial nerves and its branches. The ability to define the nerves may provide greater sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormalities of craniofacial structure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current status and future potential of MRI‐guided focused ultrasound surgery
Authors: Jolesz Ferenc A. , McDannold Nathan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe combination of the imaging abilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the ability to delivery energy to targets deep in the body noninvasively with focused ultrasound presents a disruptive technology with the potential to significantly affect healthcare. MRI offers precise targeting, visualization, and quantification of temperature changes and the ability to immediately evaluate the treatment. By exploiting different mechanisms, focused ultrasound offers a range of therapies, ranging from thermal ablation to targeted drug delivery. This article reviews recent preclinical and tests clinical of this technology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:391–399. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.