bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Traffic Distribution: P4 language based Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm in SDN
Authors: Kulkarni Manasa , Goswami Bhargavi , Paulose Joy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The proliferation of data-intensive applications and the continuous growth of network traffic in modern communication networks have necessitated the development of innovative approaches to network management. Software Defined Networking (SDN) and the programmable data plane language known as P4 (Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processor) language have emerged as promising solutions to address the challenges associated with network scalability and adaptability. This research paper presents an investigation into large-scale SDN deployment leveraging the expressive power of P4 language for enhanced network control and management. This research contributes to the growing knowledge of large-scale SDN deployment with the P4 language. It offers valuable insights for network architects, operators, and researchers seeking to harness the capabilities of programmable data planes in the quest for more adaptive and responsive communication networks. In conclusion, the authors propose a P4 language-based Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm (DLBA), which emerges as a versatile and adaptive approach to load balancing within the data plane of SDN networks. By leveraging the capabilities of P4, DLBA offers a flexible and effective means to optimize network performance, making it a valuable addition to the toolkit of network administrators and researchers striving to meet the demands of today's dynamic communication networks.
Combined Endovascular and Open Repair of innominate artery bifurcation pseudoaneurysm: A case report
Authors: Xu Youyao , Zhu Tao , Chen Guobin , Wu Senyan , Li Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Innominate artery aneurysms (IAAs) are rare. Without timely treatment, they may result in rupture, distal arterial embolization, or local compression, among which rupture is the most dangerous complication. Here, a case of innominate artery bifurcation pseudoaneurysm is reported.
Case Presentation:
The patient was a 45-year-old man who presented to the emergency department complaining of chest discomfort. Subsequent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) imaging indicated the presence of a 3.6*2.4 cm saccular aneurysm in the bifurcation of the innominate artery, involving both the right proximal subclavian and common carotid arteries. His vital signs were normal, with equal blood pressures in the upper arms, and no neurological dysfunction. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography indicated that the circle of Willis was intact. The operation was performed by open surgery combined with endovascular treatment. The external carotid artery was first transposed to the right subclavian artery (RSA) and an 8-mm woven Dacron graft was inserted in the middle. The covered stent graft was then placed in the proximal part of the innominate artery to close the entrance of the aneurysm. Lastly, the occluder was implanted into the origin of the RSA. There were no procedural or postprocedural complications. A year later, the aneurysm was not visible on CTA and the right vertebral artery was patent.
Conclusions
Combined Endovascular and Open Repair is an effective option for the treatment of innominate artery bifurcation pseudoaneurysm.
Aortoesophageal fistula with hemorrhagic shock successfully treated with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta
Authors: Hirai Tadayuki , Okajima Masaki , Noda Toru , Goto Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the mortality rate in AEF patients remains high because of its fulminant course, even with maximal intensive care. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a resuscitation technique to control life-threatening bleeding. It has become an important modality in the management of life-threatening, traumatic or non-traumatic, arterial bleeding. However, its use in hemorrhagic shock caused by cancer has rarely been reported.
Case presentation
: A 51-year-old female with a history of esophageal cancer presented to our emergency department with hematemesis. Computed tomography was performed because of a strong suspicion of hemorrhagic shock. With a diagnosis of AEF due to esophageal cancer, emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed while the bleeding was controlled using REBOA. Staged elective esophageal reconstruction was successfully performed.
Conclusions
Hemostasis is of paramount importance in individuals presenting with suspected hemorrhagic shock attributable to arterioenteric fistula (AEF). The timely implementation of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) has shown promise in these circumstances, showcasing potential effectiveness.
Tumor number and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score as selection criteria for resection or embolization of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Liu Yueh-Wei , Li Wei-Feng , Yong Chee-Chien , Wang Chih-Chi , Lin Chih-Yun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The majority of patients with Barcelona Clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver resection (LR) have ≤ 3 nodules, a phenomenon noted worldwide. Well-preserved liver function is an essential prerequisite for LR. We used these two variables to select patients suitable for LR for BCLC stage B HCC.
Methods
We consecutively enrolled patients with BCLC stage B HCC and Child–Pugh class A liver disease. Of these patients, 163 underwent LR and 270 underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Based on a previous study, we specified a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of ≤ 9 as indicating well-preserved liver function. We defined patients with ≤ 3 nodules and a MELD score of ≤ 9 as BCLC B1 and those with > 3 nodules or a MELD score of > 9 as BCLC B2.
Results
The five-year overall survival (OS) of BCLC B1 patients undergoing LR was 60% and those undergoing TACE was 37% (p = 0.007). The five-year OS of BCLC B2 patients undergoing LR was 23% and those undergoing TACE was 18% (p = 0.223).
Conclusion
We recommend considering LR for BCLC B1 patients, whereas TACE could be considered for BCLC B2 patients.
Dynamics behavior of a predator-prey diffusion model incorporating hunting cooperation and predator-taxis
Authors: Zhang Huisen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a predator-prey diffusion model incorporating hunting cooperation and predator-taxis. Firstly, we establish the global existence of classical solution for the model in any spatial dimension. Secondly, we analyze the instability caused by predator-taxis, and we observed that negative predator-taxis play the key role in inducing stability changes. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to validate the obtained results.
MCS: Primary 35A09, 35K59; Secondary 35Q92, 92D25.
The effects of different irrigation and tillage on the physiology of soybean
Authors: Gonen E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of various irrigation regimes and mechanization processes applied with surface drip system on yield plant water stress index (CWSI) and midday leaf water potential (LWP) in the Mediterranean Region. Field studies were carried out in Tarsus Soil and Water Resources Research Unit / Mersin experimental areas during the 2018-2019 growing seasons.In this study, 3 different irrigation regimes were applied (I100: Completion to the field capacity of the available water of 60 cm soil depth weekly. I70: 70% of the water applied to I100, I50: 50% of the water applied to I100), 2 different tillage and sowing method (TP: traditional soil tillage (Plow-discard-harrow-planting), DP: direct planting). In the study, in order to determine the plant water stress, temporally; Leaf water potential (LWP), crop water stress index (CWSI), chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were made. These physiological measurements were compared with soil water content (SWC), yield and each other.The highest LWP and CWSI were obtained for DPI50 treatments, which had the lowest soil water content. The highest SPAD and leaf area index (LAI) were obtained for the DPI100 subject with the highest soil water content. High correlations were obtained between physiological measurements. Observed that different tillage methods affect soil water content with physiological parameters.As a result, it has been seen that CWSI, LWP and SPAD measurements can be used successfully in determining the water status of soybean.
The prevalence of clinically relevant delayed intracranial hemorrhage in head trauma patients treated with oral anticoagulants is very low: a retrospective cohort register study
Authors: André Lars , Björkelund Anders , Ekelund Ulf , Vedin Tomas , Björk Jonas , Forberg Jakob Lundager 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Current guidelines from Scandinavian Neuro Committee mandate a 24-hour observation for head trauma patients on anticoagulants, even with normal initial head CT scans, as a means not to miss delayed intracranial hemorrhages. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, and time to diagnosis, of clinically relevant delayed intracranial hemorrhage in head trauma patients treated with oral anticoagulants.
Method
Utilizing comprehensive two-year data from Region Skåne’s emergency departments, which serve a population of 1.3 million inhabitants, this study focused on adult head trauma patients prescribed oral anticoagulants. We identified those with intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days, defining delayed intracranial hemorrhage as a bleeding not apparent on their initial CT head scan. These cases were further defined as clinically relevant if associated with mortality, any intensive care unit admission, or neurosurgery.
Results
Out of the included 2,362 head injury cases (median age 84, 56% on a direct acting oral anticoagulant), five developed delayed intracranial hemorrhages. None of these five cases underwent neurosurgery nor were admitted to an intensive care unit. Only two cases (0.08%, 95% confidence interval [0.01–0.3%]) were classified as clinically relevant, involving subdural hematomas in patients aged 82 and 87 years, who both subsequently died. The diagnosis of these delayed intracranial hemorrhages was made at 4 and 7 days following initial presentation to the emergency department.
Conclusion
In patients with head trauma, on oral anticoagulation, the incidence of clinically relevant delayed intracranial hemorrhage was found to be less than one in a thousand, with detection occurring four days or later after initial presentation. This challenges the effectiveness of the 24-hour observation period recommended by the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines, suggesting a need to reassess these guidelines to optimise care and resource allocation.
Trial registration
This is a retrospective cohort study, does not include any intervention, and has therefore not been registered.
Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Alteration of Bioactive Lipids in The Pancreas, and Effect of Zinc Chelation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Acun Alev Duygu , Kantar Deniz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Increasing epidemiological evidence highlights the association between systemic insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is known that peripheral insulin resistance in the early stages of AD precedes and is a precursor to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Although it is known that improving the CNS insulin sensitivity of AD patients is an important therapeutic goal and that the majority of insulin in the brain comes from the periphery, there has been little attention to the changes that occur in the pancreatic tissue of AD patients. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms affecting insulin resistance in pancreatic tissue in AD. It is known that zinc (Zn+2) chelation is effective in reducing peripheral insulin resistance, cell apoptosis, cell death, and oxidative stress. Aims: This study aimed to determine the bioactive lipids in the pancreas in the Aβ oligomer-induced rat model to determine the changes in amylin (AIPP), oxidative stress, and apoptosis in pancreatic cells and to reveal the therapeutic effect of the Cyclo-Z agent on them. AD and ADC rats were intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Aβ1-42 oligomers. Cyclo-Z gavage was applied to ADC and SHC rats for 21 days. First of all, the effects of AIPP, bioactive ceramides, apoptosis and oxidative stress on the pancreatic tissue of AD group rats were evaluated. Then, the effect of Cyclo-Z treatment on these was examined. ELISA kit was used in biochemical analyses. AIPP and ceramide (CER) levels and CER/ sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) ratio were increased in the pancreatic tissue of AD rats. It also increased the level of CER kinase (CERK), which is known to increase the concentration of CER 1-phosphate (C1P), which is known to be toxic to cells in the presence of excessive CER concentration. Due to the increase in CER level, it was observed that apoptosis and oxidative stress increased in the pancreatic cells of AD group rats. Cyclo-Z, which has Zn+2 chelating properties, reduced AD model rats' AIPP level and oxidative stress and could prevent pancreatic apoptosis. Similar therapeutic effects were not observed in the pancreatic tissue of Cyclo-Z administered to the SH group. For this reason, it is thought that Cyclo-Z agent may have a therapeutic effect on the peripheral hyperinsulinemia observed in the early stages of AD disease and the resulting low amount of insulin transported to the brain, by protecting pancreatic cells from apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating their bioactive metabolites.
Bridging carbon footprint and urban livability differences in Chinese non-core cities: a typological exploration
Authors: Du Yizhao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One of the major challenges for Chinese future development is the carbon footprint governance. There are three gaps in the research on the connection between carbon footprint and Chinese urban socioeconomics: 1) the lack of consideration of differences in cities' carbon emissions characteristics resulting from the composition of carbon footprint, 2) the lack of concern for the grassroots perspectives of livability and the relations with carbon footprint, and 3) the lack of attention to the difficulties of carbon footprint governance in non-core cities. Therefore, our study focuses on Chinese non-core cities to explore the connection between carbon footprint and urban livability. We pioneer a typological approach in this relational study, using K-means clustering analysis to define four different types of non-core cities based on their carbon footprint. To understand the connection, we then investigate whether there are distinguishable variations in each type at all levels of livability. We built a multidimensional evaluation system with 21 specific indicators. The results are promising. We found that four types have diverse performances in all dimensions of urban livability. These findings provide a fundamental portrait of the carbon footprint of non-core cities to support further research, and a valuable reference for the planning and implementation of city-targeted carbon reduction policies. This paper also emphasizes for the first time the connection between carbon footprint and livability, calling for more stakeholders to focus on this important factor of residents' daily lives in the pursuit of low-carbon vision.
Both Enantiomers of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Modulate the Metabolism of Cultured Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Gondáš Eduard , Baranovičová Eva , Bystrický Peter , Šofránko Jakub , Evinová Andrea , Dohál Matúš , Hatoková Zuzana , Murín Radovan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Elevated levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) in the brain are associated with various pathological conditions, potentially contributing to neurological symptoms and neurodegeneration. Previous studies on animal models have revealed their capability to interfere with several cellular processes, including mitochondrial metabolism. Both enantiomers competitively inhibit the enzymatic activity of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. These enzymes also execute several signaling cascades and regulate the level of covalent modifications on nucleic acids or proteins, e.g., methylation, hydroxylation, or ubiquitination, with an effect on epigenetic regulation of gene expression, protein stability, and intracellular signaling. To investigate the potential impact of 2HG enantiomers on human neuronal cells, we utilized the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line as a model. We employed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy of culture media that provided high-resolution insights into the changes in the content of metabolites. Concurrently, we performed biochemical assays to complement the 1H-NMR findings and to estimate the activities of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. Our results reveal that both 2HG enantiomers can influence the cellular metabolism of human neuroblastoma cells on multiple levels. Specifically, both enantiomers of 2HG comparably stimulate anaerobic metabolism of glucose and inhibit the uptake of several essential amino acids from the culture media. In this respect, both 2HG enantiomers decreased the catabolism capability of cells to incorporate the leucine-derived carbon atoms into their metabolism and to generate the ketone bodies. These results provide evidence that both enantiomers of 2HG have the potential to influence the metabolic and molecular aspects of human cells. Furthermore, we may propose that increased levels of 2HG enantiomers in the brain parenchyma may alter brain metabolism features, potentially contributing to the etiology of neurological symptoms in patients.
Impact of Nutritional Support Teams and Micronutrient Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes: Assessing Compliance and Feasibility in a Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Sunmin , Shin Jongbeom , Kim Mina , Jo Suejin , Park Soo-Hyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Micronutrient (MN) supplementation has a positive impact on clinical outcomes. However, the evidence for the impact of MN supplementation remains controversial. Therefore, our study aims to assess the impact on nutritional outcomes according to exploring the implementation of MN support with multidisciplinary collaboration.
Methods
All 255 patients referred to a nutrition support team (NST) between July and November 2022 were included. The NST reviews the MN protocol, which includes multivitamins and trace elements, based on international nutrient guidelines. All patients who were on nothing per oral and did not meet ≥ 70% of their nutritional requirements within 1 week were recommended MN supplements. Compliance with the MN protocol was evaluated, alterations in nutritional status based on the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) scoring system and clinical outcomes were assessed after 7 day and at discharge. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with high nutritional risk in discharged patients. In addition, a sub-analysis was performed on changes in the nutritional of patients on the ward and in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Results
The rate of implementation of MN supplementation was 50.2%. The findings indicated a significant decrease in the NRS 2002 score in the good-compliance group with MN supplementation. No significant differences in protocol compliance were observed in terms of mortality, hospital stay, or length of stay in the intensive care unit. However, bad compliance with MN supplementation was correlated with risk factors for malnutrition at discharge. In subgroup analysis, nutritional status in the ICU and wards improved, with a significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion
MN supplementation via the protocol is helpful for inpatients’ nutritional status. Therefore, bad compliance with MN supplementation has been identified as a risk factor for malnutrition at discharge, which requires active intervention by the NST.
Smart contract generation model based on code annotation and AST-LSTM tuning
Authors: Yong Chen , Defeng Hu , Chao Xu , Nannan Chen , Shen Fanfan , Liu Jianbo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

With the wide application of smart contracts in many fields, the number, types, and complexity of smart contracts are showing a rapidly increasing trend. However , the development of smart contracts has its own unique programming language and security requirements, which are difficult for conventional software personnel to adapt to quickly, and how to realize the efficient development of smart contracts according to the application requirements is an important issue that needs to be solved for its further development. To this end, this paper proposes a smart contract generation method based on AST-LSTM characterization and code annotation tuning large language model, which adopts AST-LSTM model combining Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) and Tree-LSTM to vectorize the code as well as Sentence-Bert to vectorize the annotations and carry out a weighted analysis, and constructs a smart contract clustering analysis model to achieve accurate clustering of functionally similar smart contracts. Then the AST-LSTM+Transformer model is used to detect defects in the clustered code and correlate the related annotation information to construct a diverse Prompt feature prompt statement dataset. Finally, the LLaMA2-7B model is used as the basis for demand-specific smart contract generation with the help of Lora and P-Tuning v2 fine-tuning techniques. In this paper, with the help of BLEU, an auxiliary tool for bilingual translation quality assessment, and Mythril, VaaS, 1 and other code security detection tools, we conducted comparative experiments with existing methods. The results of the experiment show that the average value of BLEU of the code generated by this paper’s method is improved by about 25%, and the code security is improved by about 9%, which will greatly promote the rapid development and exploitation of smart contracts with high-security requirements.