bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster Ensemble Selection
Authors: Fern Xiaoli Z. , Lin Wei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper studies the ensemble selection problem for unsupervised learning. Given a large library of different clustering solutions, our goal is to select a subset of solutions to form a smaller yet better‐performing cluster ensemble than using all available solutions. We design our ensemble selection methods based on quality and diversity, the two factors that have been shown to influence cluster ensemble performance. Our investigation revealed that using quality or diversity alone may not consistently achieve improved performance. Based on our observations, we designed three different selection approaches that jointly consider these two factors. We empirically evaluated their performance in comparison with both full ensembles and a random selection strategy. Our results indicate that by explicitly considering both quality and diversity in ensemble selection, we can achieve statistically significant performance improvement over full ensembles. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
Global Correlation Clustering Based on the Hough Transform
Authors: Achtert Elke , Böhm Christian , David Jörn , Kröger Peer , Zimek Arthur 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this article, we propose an efficient and effective method for finding arbitrarily oriented subspace clusters by mapping the data space to a parameter space defining the set of possible arbitrarily oriented subspaces. The objective of a clustering algorithm based on this principle is to find those among all the possible subspaces that accommodate many database objects. In contrast to existing approaches, our method can find subspace clusters of different dimensionality even if they are sparse or are intersected by other clusters within a noisy environment. A broad experimental evaluation demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of our method. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
The Relevant‐Set Correlation Model for Data Clustering
Authors: Houle Michael E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces a model for clustering, theRelevant‐Set Correlation(RSC) model, that requires no direct knowledge of the nature or representation of the data. Instead, the RSC model relies solely on the existence of an oracle that accepts a query in the form of a reference to a data item, and returns a ranked set of references to items that are most relevant to the query. The quality of cluster candidates, the degree of association between pairs of cluster candidates, and the degree of association between clusters and data items are all assessed according to the statistical significance of a form of correlation among pairs of relevant sets and/or candidate cluster sets. The RSC significance measures can be used to evaluate the relative importance of cluster candidates of various sizes, avoiding the problems of bias found with other shared‐neighbor methods that use fixed neighborhood sizes. A scalable clustering heuristic based on the RSC model is also presented and demonstrated for large, high‐dimensional datasets using a fast approximate similarity search structure as the oracle. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
Correction
Authors: Norén G. Niklas , Sundberg Rolf , Bate Andrew , Edwards I. Ralph 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe results presented as case studies four and five in Section 3.1 of ‘A statistical methodology for drug–drug interaction surveillance’ by G. Niklas Norén, Rolf Sundberg, Andrew Bate, and I. Ralph Edwards (Statist. Med. 2008; 27:3057–3070) are based on data from the third quarter 2003, and not on data from the fourth quarter 2004 as stated in the article. The total number of reports in this version of the database was 3 033 514, and not 3.2 × 106 as stated in the article. This slightly changes some of the entries in Table II, for which reason a corrected version is provided below. The authors offer their apologies to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience that the error may have caused.

Empirical data for three case studies of suspected drug–drug interaction in ICSR data from the literature [8,9,11] together with data from the WHO database for two examples of established drug–drug interaction.

Itraconazole
Diuretics
Terfenadine
Digoxin

Drug 1
Oral contraceptives
NSAIDs
Ketoconazole
Clarithromycin
Gemfibrozil

Drug 2
Delayed
Cardiac
Ventricular
Drug level
Cerivastatin

ADR
bleeding
events
fibrillation
increased
Rhabdomyolysis

n111
10
25
5
35
1084

n11.
23
278
27
85
1431

n1.1
10
78
63
1193
1304

n.11
19
67
11
245
3022

n1..
39
1775
6083
10 650
6756

n.1.
1489
1613
5071
12 390
9181

n..1
39
305
3695
10 781
6321

n...
5503
9822
3.2 × 106
3.0 × 106
3.0 × 106

f00
0.0050
0.028
0.0011
0.0030
0.0010

f10
0
0.035
0.0096
0.11
0.041

f01
0.0061
0.031
0.0012
0.017
0.25

f11
0.43
0.090
0.19
0.41
0.76

g11
0.0061
0.039
0.0096
0.12
0.27

log2(OR)
+∞
+1.23
+4.50
+0.03
−2.17

Ω0
+6.15
+1.20
+4.27
+1.72
+1.47

Ω
+4.03
+1.16
+2.86
+1.68
+1.47

Ω025
+3.00
+0.54
+1.33
+1.16
+1.38
Does distance still matter?
Authors: Wolf Timo , Nguyen Thanh , Damian Daniela 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNowadays, distributed development is common in software development. Besides many advantages, research in the last decade has consistently found that distribution has a negative impact on collaboration in general, and communication delay and time to complete tasks in particular. Adapted processes, practices, and tools are demanded to overcome these challenges.We report on an empirical study of communication structures and delay in IBM's distributed development project Jazz. The Jazz project explicitly focuses on distributed collaboration and has adapted processes and tools to overcome known challenges. We explore the effect of distance on communication and task completion time and use social network analysis to obtain insights about the collaboration in the Jazz project. We discuss our findings in the light of existing literature on distributed collaboration and delays. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear seismic response of Milad Tower using finite element model
Authors: Yahyai Mahmood , Rezayibana Bahram , Daryan Amir Saedi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMilad Tower is a 436‐m‐tall telecommunications tower ranked as the fourth tallest structure of its kind in the world. The study of its seismic behaviour is of great importance as it is located in a highly seismic‐prone region. Because of the existence of the world's largest revolving restaurant in the head structure, and also because of the highly sensitive communication devices such as TV and telecommunications antennas installed on the tower, nonlinear deformation under future earthquakes should be studied. In this paper, a detailed finite element model is developed and nonlinear dynamic analysis was carried out under the design earthquakes. The foundation, concrete shaft, head structure and 120‐m antenna structure were modelled. Three components of the earthquakes are considered, and the selected earthquakes were normalized based on three design levels: design basis level, maximum design level and maximum credible level. The results of the analysis showed that all parts of the tower behave in the plastic zone except the elements of the head structure. It is also observed that in some cases, the earthquakes with lower peak accelerations and higher energy contents may have more severe effect on the tower than that with higher peak accelerations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable structure of tall buildings
Authors: Elnimeiri Mahjoub , Gupta Prairna 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStructure by its own nature is sustainable. It is all about doing more with less. Good structural engineering revolves around achieving efficiency and minimization of material. However, thinking will have to be broadened to accommodate the pressing needs of the environment. Structure can no longer stay on the sidelines and will have to be an active partner in the building‐design process. Although the architect is usually perceived as the designer of a tall building, a partnership between him/her and the engineer will have to be established before any meaningful design process can commence. This paper presents an insight into sustainable structures within tall buildings. The elements that constitute such a structure, the strategies that confirm this approach and the proposed hypothesis for the structure‐environment interaction are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable structural engineering strategies for tall buildings
Authors: Moon Kyoung Sun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSustainable structural engineering strategies for tall buildings are presented with an emphasis on stiffness‐based material‐saving design methodologies. The design methodologies are applied to the systems with diagonals such as braced tubes and more recently developed diagrid structures. Guidelines for determination of bending and shear deformations for optimal design, which uses the least amount of structural material to meet the stiffness requirements, are presented. The impact of different geometric configurations of the structural members on the material‐saving economic design is also discussed, and recommendations for optimal geometries are made. The design strategies discussed here will contribute to constructing built environments using the minimum amount of resources. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind and tall buildings: negatives and positives
Authors: Irwin Peter , Kilpatrick John , Robinson Jamieson , Frisque Andrea 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWind is often regarded as the foe of tall buildings since it tends to be the governing lateral load. Careful aerodynamic design of tall buildings through wind tunnel testing can greatly reduce wind loads and their affect on building motions. Various shaping strategies are discussed, aimed particularly at suppression of vortex shedding since it is frequently the cause of crosswind excitation. The use of supplementary damping systems is another approach that takes the energy out of building motions and reduces loads. Different applications of damping systems are described on several buildings, and an example of material savings and reduced carbon emissions is given. Wind also has some potential beneficial effects particularly to tall buildings. One is that, since wind speeds are higher at the heights of tall buildings, the potential for extracting wind energy using wind turbines is significantly improved compared with ground level. This paper explores how much energy might be generated in this way relative to the building's energy usage. Other benefits are to be found in judicious use of natural ventilation, sometimes involving double‐layer wall systems, and, in hot climates, the combination of tailored wind and shade conditions to improve outdoor comfort near tall buildings and on balconies and terraces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomistic Origin of Rate-Dependent Serrated Plastic Flow in Metallic Glasses
Authors: Jiang SY , Jiang MQ , Dai LH , Yao YG 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Nanoindentation simulations on a binary metallic glass were performed under various strain rates by using molecular dynamics. The rate-dependent serrated plastic flow was clearly observed, and the spatiotemporal behavior of its underlying irreversible atomic rearrangement was probed. Our findings clearly validate that the serration is a temporally inhomogeneous characteristic of such rearrangements and not directly dependent on the resultant shear-banding spatiality. The unique spatiotemporal distribution of shear banding during nanoindentation is highlighted in terms of the potential energy landscape (PEL) theory.
Influence of Interesterification of a Stearic Acid‐Rich Spreadable Fat on Acute Metabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Robinson Dawn M. , Martin Natalie C. , Robinson Lindsay E. , Ahmadi Latifeh , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Wright Amanda J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemical and enzymatic interesterification are used to create spreadable fats. However, a comparison between the two processes in terms of their acute metabolic effects has not yet been investigated. A randomised crossover study in obese (plasma TAG > 1.69 mmol/L, and BMI > 30 (BMI = kg/m2) or waist circumference > 102 cm, n = 11, age = 59.3 ± 1.8 years) and non‐obese (plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) < 1.69 mmol/L, and BMI < 30 or waist circumference < 102 cm, n = 10, age = 55.8 ± 2.2 years) men was undertaken to compare the effects of chemical versus enzymatic interesterification on postprandial risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). TAG, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and free fatty acid concentrations were measured for 6 h following consumption of 1 g fat/kg body mass of non‐interesterified (NIE), chemically interesterified (CIE), enzymatically interesterified (EIE) stearic acid‐rich fat spread or no fat, each with 50 g available carbohydrate from white bread. Interesterification did not affect postprandial glucose, insulin, free fatty acids or cholesterol (P > 0.05). Following ingestion of NIE, increases in serum oleic acid were observed, whereas both oleic and stearic acids were increased with CIE and EIE (P < 0.05). While postprandial TAG concentrations in non‐obese subjects were not affected by fat treatment (P > 0.05), obese subjects had an 85% increase in TAGs with CIE versus NIE (P < 0.05). The differences in TAG response between non‐obese and obese subjects suggest that interesterification may affect healthy individuals differently compared to those already at risk for T2D and/or CVD.
Atorvastatin Decreases Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase Gene Expression in THP‐1 Macrophages Incubated with Oxidized LDL
Authors: Martín‐Fuentes Paula , García‐Otín Angel Luis , Calvo Luisa , Gómez‐Coronado Diego , Civeira Fernando , Cenarro Ana 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStatins, inhibitors of HMG‐CoA reductase, reduce plasma low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels decreasing the incidence of coronary events. However, the observed benefit of statins appears to extend beyond their lipid‐lowering effects. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that atorvastatin in oxidized LDL incubated macrophages modifies the gene expression profile of certain enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, mainly stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD). SCD is a rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and its expression is mediated by sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1). The aim of this study was to determine whether atorvastatin might affect the fatty acid composition in macrophages and if their SCD gene expression profile could explain this effect. Therefore, THP‐1 macrophages were treated with atorvastatin and native or oxidized LDL, their fatty acid composition was determined by gas‐chromatography, and the SCD and SREBP‐1 gene expression profile was analysed using quantitative RT‐PCR. We found that atorvastatin reduces the percentage of palmitoleic and oleic acids in THP‐1 cells incubated with oxLDL, which could be explained by the inhibition of SCD and SREBP‐1 gene expression. The observed results were reversed when mevalonate was added to THP‐1 macrophages. This would suggest that inhibition of SCD in THP‐1 macrophages incubated with oxLDL and the change in fatty acid composition is an important effect of atorvastatin.
Effect of a Seaweed Extract on Fatty Acid Accumulation and Glycerol‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Authors: He M. L. , Wang Y. , You J. S. , Mir P. S. , McAllister T. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study was to determine the effect of a seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum extract (SE) containing 220 mg g−1 phlorotannins on differentiation and fatty acid accumulation in differentiating 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. 3T3‐L1 cells (2 × 104 mL−1) were seeded to 24‐well plates and proliferated to reach confluence and then were treated with media containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg mL−1 SE for 8 days. Dexamethasone, methyl‐isobutylxanthine and insulin (DMI) were added to the media in the first 2 days to induce cell differentiation. On day 8 the adipocytes were harvested for measuring cellular fatty acid concentration and the activity of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). It was found that treatment with SE increased (P < 0.01, n = 6) cellular myristoleic acid (C14:1), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) without significantly affecting the cell number and saturated fatty acid (SFA). Ratios of MUFA/SFA, C14:1/C14:0, C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 in cellular lipids increased (P < 0.05, n = 6) with the SE treatment in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.001). Treatment with 75 μg mL−1 SE depressed (P < 0.05) cellular GPDH activity. The results indicate that the biological factors in the SE may be involved in differentiation and MUFA accumulation in adipocytes.
A Phenomenological Model of the Peroxide Value’s Rise and Fall During Lipid Oxidation
Authors: Aragao Glaucia M. F. , Corradini Maria G. , Peleg Micha 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDuring isothermal lipid oxidation at relatively high temperatures, the peroxide concentration frequently peaks while at relatively low temperatures it only rises slowly. These are two manifestations of a process where formation and degradation happen simultaneously on different time scales. A phenomenological mathematical model, comprising a decay factor superimposed on an accumulation term can describe these scenarios. Each has a characteristic time constant shortened by raising the temperature and a rate constant that increases with it. The model’s mathematical structure and the magnitude of its coefficients depend on the particular system. However, regardless of the chosen expressions, if the degradation characteristic time falls within or just beyond the experiment’s duration, a peak peroxide value will be observed whose height and shape will primarily depend on the other model’s parameters. If this characteristic time is far outside the time of the experiment , no peak will be recorded. The model need not be unique and no detailed knowledge of the oxidation mechanisms is required for its formulation. Consequently it can be derived directly from experimental peroxide value versus time relationships, without the need to monitor the intermediate reactions by specialized instrumental methods such as DSC. Through the formation term adjustment, the model can also account for the temperature dependent lag in the rise of the peroxide value and/or the appearance of its peak.
Extra-long Montgomery T tube in major airway stenosis
Authors: Liu Y-H , Wu Y-C , Hsieh M-J , Chao Y-K , Wang C-J , Ko P-J , Liu H-P 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the extra-long Montgomery T tube for the management of major airway obstruction in tertiary care patients in Taiwan.Method:Eleven patients with major airway stenosis treated with an extra-long Montgomery T tube between April 2004 and December 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Five patients had tracheostomy stenosis, two had intubation stenosis, one had traumatic stenosis, one had corrosive stenosis, one had laser burn stenosis and one had tubercular stenosis. All patients underwent three-dimensional airway reconstruction and endoscopic evaluation of airway stenosis. After determining the severity and location of airway stenosis, rigid bronchotherapy and Montgomery T tube placement were performed by rigid bronchoscopy.Results:The overall procedural success rate was 100 per cent. Three (27 per cent) patients were weaned from artificial ventilation, and all patients exhibited improved respiratory and functional status. No major post-operative complications or mortality were observed. At follow up (mean, 21.5 months), the decannulation rate was 27 per cent, and eight (73 per cent) patients had stable T tube ventilation. In four patients, granulation over the end of the T tube was controlled by endoscopic procedures. Three patients with stents above the vocal folds showed aspiration and required further intervention (i.e. one nasogastric feeding tube for nutrient supplement, one feeding jejunostomy and one stent shortening to decrease aspiration).Conclusion:The extra-long Montgomery T tube is an effective and safe method for treating major airway obstruction in the supra-glottic to lower tracheal region.
Cryptosporidiumspecies and subtype analysis from dairy calves in Spain
Authors: QUILEZ J. , TORRES E. , CHALMERS R. M. , ROBINSON G. , DEL CACHO E. , SANCHEZ-ACEDO C. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYFaecal specimens from 287 diarrhoeic calves younger than 21 days, collected over a 2-year period (2006–2007) from 82 dairy cattle farms in 14 provinces across the north of Spain, were examined for the presence ofCryptosporidiumoocysts. Overall, 63 farms (76·8%) and 166 calves (57·8%) tested positive by microscopy. In order to elucidate the genetic diversity, selected positive specimens from 149 calves originating from 61 farms in the 14 provinces were examined by genotyping and subtyping techniques.Cryptosporidium parvumwas the only species identified by PCR-RFLP of SSU rDNA from all 149 isolates and sequencing of a subset of 50 isolates, except for 2 specimens that were identified asC. bovis. Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (GP60) gene revealed that mostC. parvumisolates (98%) belonged to the subtype family IIa and 2 isolates were identified as the novel subtype IIdA23G1. Subtype IIaA15G2R1 was the most common and widely distributed (80·3% of the 61 farms), followed by subtype IIaA16G3R1 (14·7%), whereas the remaining IIa subtypes (IIaA16G2R1, IIaA17G2R1, IIaA18G3R1, IIaA19G3R1) were restricted to 1–3 farms. All theseC. parvumIIa subtypes have previously been described in human patients, indicating that most isolates from diarrhoeic calves in northern Spain have zoonotic potential.
Who will turn the knobs when I die?
Authors: Pennycook Bruce 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses questions regarding the performance of interactive music compositions through an examination of the author's own works. The questions emerge from the compositional impetus and the subsequent technical design of each of the works. The paper also examines some of the forces impacting the performance, preservation and long-term viability of interactive works and non-interactive electroacoustic compositions.
Power and markets in global finance: the gold standard, 1890–1926
Authors: Balachandran G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper explores the intimate connection between imperialism and a liberal global economy in the late nineteenth century and the inter-war period by distinguishing and disentangling the imperial and political dimensions of the pre-World War I gold standard, and interwar efforts to restore it. By doing so it attempts partial!y to redress the relative neglect of power in historical accounts of the international financial arrangements, and re-balance conventional liberal assumptions about the role of markets and incentives in the consolidation and spread of global institutions such as the gold standard. By re-embedding the intertwined financial histories of the imperial and Atlantic worlds into a global context, perspectives from the empire help develop more historically-situated analyses of global economic institutions and arrangements, and help clarify the many intersecting processes involving both power, in all its forms, and markets, that have historically shaped financial relations and institutions.