bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of platelet production during chemotherapy of acute leukemia
Authors: Bessman David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMean megakaryocyte ploidy, mean platelet volume, and platelet count were measured during 17 courses of chemotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. During the myelosuppression from chemotherapy, all three variables fell; during recovery, megakaryocyte ploidy rose 1–2 days before platelet volume, which in turn rose 1–2 days before platelet count. Serial platelet volumes and counts of these patients were compared to the nomogram of the inverse nonlinear relation between platelet count and platelet size in reference subjects. Platelet volume became inappropriately small before platelet count fell substantially and remained small through most of the thrombocytopenic nadir. The end of the nadir was predictable 1–2 days after platelet volume increased to lie congruent with the reference nomogram. Changes in thrombopoiesis appear to occur sequentially in megakaryocyte ploidy, platelet volume, and platelet count. Changes in platelet count, and therefore the appearance of duration of the thrombocytopenic nadir, can be predicted by 1–2 days with platelet volume and 3–4 days with megakaryocyte ploidy. As platelet count rose, despite the continuing predominance of “young” platelets, MPV fell, suggesting that megakaryocyte stimulation as well as platelet age affects platelet size.
Further studies on the relationship between platelet buoyant density and platelet age
Authors: Boneu B. , Vigoni F. , Boneu A. , Caranobe C. , Sie P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between platelet buoyant density and platelet age was investigated in eight human subjects submitted to an autologous chromium labeled platelet survival study. Platelets were isolated after isopycnic centrifugation using either discontinuous isoosmotic stractan gradients (five subjects), or various continuous and linear isoosmolar gradients (three subjects). A paradoxical radioactivity enrichment of the dense platelets and a premature loss of radioactivity in the light platelets were observed. These results are explained by a shift of the radioactivity distribution curve toward higher densities during the 3–4 days after platelet injection, while the standard deviation of the distribution was conserved throughout the platelet life span. These results suggest that young platelets are heterogeneous and slightly less dense than the total platelet population.
Sideroblastic anemia terminating in myelofibrosis
Authors: Lukowicz Daniel F. , Myers Thomas J. , Grasso Joseph A. , Albala Maurice M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia who eventually developed myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia are reported. Splenectomy was performed in one patient because of increasing blood transfusion requirements, and splenic histology revealed both myeloid metaplasia and ringed sideroblasts. The second patient showed a partial response of the sideroblastic anemia to pyridoxine therapy during the early stages of development of the myelofibrosis. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia may represent a nonspecific response of the marrow tissue to sideroblastic anemia as to other primary hematologic disorders.
Hemoglobin osler: Report of a new family with exercise studies before and after phlebotomy
Authors: Butler William M. , Spratling Larry , Kark John A. , Schoomaker Eric B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive members of a new family with hemoglobin Osler are described. Exercise studies were performed before and after phlebotomy in one patient. These studies demonstrated that anaerobic threshold was directly related to hematocrit. Our data suggest that the elevation of red cell mass seen with this high oxygen affinity hemoglobin is an appropriate physiologic response which improves tissue oxygen delivery. Despite the increase in whole blood viscosity associated with erythrocytosis, our data do not support the use of therapeutic phlebotomy to improve exercise performance in patients with hemoglobin Osler.
Absence of prolonged benefit of initial leukapheresis therapy for hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Golomb Harvey M. , Kraut Eric H. , Oviatt David L. , Prendergast Edward J. , Stein Richard S. , Sweet Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients with the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia were treated with leukapheresis. Two patients failed to respond, and the other two had only transient responses; hematologic improvement lasted one month in one case and four months in the second. The patient with a four‐month response underwent a second series of leukapheresis resulting in a response lasting at least 8 months. Two of the four patients subsequently had an adequate trial of prolonged chlorambucil therapy and continued to have a clinical response. We conclude that leukapheresis has little to offer to the majority of hairy cell patients for the long‐term management of post‐splenectomy patients who develop the leukemic phase. However, an occasional patient can have a transient, and even, rarely, a prolonged response.
Automated analysis of reticulocytes using fluorescent staining with both acridine orange and an immunofluorescence technique
Authors: Seligman Paul A. , Allen Robert H. , Kirchanski Stefan J. , Natale Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used an automated system to measure serial reticulocyte samples from phlebotomized rats and rats treated with the chemotherapeutic agent actinomycin‐D. In performing the automated samples, we utilized two different methods. The first method employed a fluorescent dye, acridine orange, which stains RNA in a manner similar to supravital stains presently used in performing reticulocyte counts. The second method is unique in that we utilized an immunofluorescent assay with antitransferrin recptor antibody which identifies the transferrin receptor found on the cell surface of reticulocytes but not on mature red cells. Both methods gave reproducible values in estimating the increase in reticulocytes seen after phlebotomy and the initial reticulocytopenia followed by recovery of the peripheral blood reticulocyte count seen after treatment with actinomycin‐D. Also, since the antitransferrin receptor antibody appears to recognize the more immature reticulocytes, both methods taken together may provide an estimate of the maturity of a population of reticulocytes.
Quantitation of hemoglobin biosynthesis with agarose isoelectric focusing
Authors: Leary Anne G. , Porter Pamela N. , Ogawa Makio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels has been widely used to separate fetal (HbF) and adult (HbA) hemoglobins, and the relative synthesis of HbA and HbF has been estimated by fluorography or autography of dried gels. In order to measure the absolute synthesis of hemoglobin, we developed a system that utilizes isoelectric focusing in agarose and quantitates the total radioactivity of separated hemoglobins. After isoelectric focusing, the protein bands are individually eluted from the agarose and the radioactivity measured by liquid scintillation counting. We used this technique to study the synthetic capabilities of erythroid precursors at sequential times in culture. As previously reported, the relative ratio of HbF decreased over time in culture. However, our results clearly revealed that the absolute synthesis of HbF did not decrease until there was a parallel decrease in hemoglobin A, and that changes in the relative ratio occur because of disproportionate increases in HbA. This methodology, allowing independent evaluation of the radioactivity in synthesized hemogrlobin, enabled us to gain new insight into the biosynthetic capabilities of erythroid precursors in clonal cell culture.
The in vitro effects of vincristine on peripheral blood leukocyte progenitor cells (CFU‐C) in patients in blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia: Correlation with clinical response
Authors: Goldberg Jack , Zamkoff Kenneth W. , Nelson Douglas A. , Davey Frederick R. , Gottlieb Arlan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro sensitivity of circulating progenitor cells (CFU‐C) of 20 patients in blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) to vincristine was correlated with the clinical response to vincristine in vivo. Eleven patients who achieved either a good or partial clinical response displayed a reduction in the number of colonies or clusters formed by their peripheral blood leukocytes in a double layer agar culture assay following incubation with vincristine. The CFU‐C of five of six patients who failed to respond clinically to vincristine and prednisone were not suppressed following incubation with up to 12 μM vincristine. Three additional patients were not evaluable due to early post‐treatment deaths. In vitro assay of the effects of vincristine on CFU‐C appears to have predictive value for in vivo response in blast crisis of CGL.
Two cases of phosphofructokinase deficiency associated with congenital hemolytic anemia found in Japan
Authors: Tani Kenzaburo , Fujii Hisaichi , Takegawa Susumu , Miwa Shiro , Koyama Wataru , Kanayama Masaaki , Imanaka Akihiro , Imanaka Fumio , Kuramoto Atsushi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo kindreds of phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and mild myopathy were found in Japan. Both probands had jaundice, gallstones, and slight to moderate degree of exercise intolerance. They showed decreased level of red cell PFK activity and no increase of blood lactate in forearm ischemic exercise test. We studied these probands' red cell PFKs by partial purification and condensation. Muscle type isozyme of PFK in both cases was not demonstrable in starch gel electrophoresis and DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography. The clinical symptoms are considered to be due to a defect of muscle type isozyme.
An unusual autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma
Authors: Freedman John , Cheng Lim Fang , Murray David , Myers Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia and red cell hypoplasia. Both IgG and IgM red cell autoantibodies were present in the patient's serum, and both antibodies had the uncommon specificity of anti‐IT. This report appears to be the first to describe IgG auto anti‐IT and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient who did not have Hodgkin's disease; the laboratory findings and clinical course are described. The reticulocytopenia and red cell hypoplasia may have been immunologically mediated. The patient responded to plasma exchange, corticosteroids, and chemotherapy.
Membrane proteins on human megakaryocytes and platelets identified by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Thiagarajan Perumal , Perussia Bice , De Marco Luigi , Wells Katherine , Trinchieri Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe five monoclonal antibodies that react with four discrete antigens present on human platelets. Antibodies B2.12 and B59.2 precipitate the glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa complex from radiolabeled platelet membrane extracts and inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, or epinephrine. The antigen recognized by the two antibodies is present on megakaryocytes but either absent entirely or expressed in small amounts on platelets from Glanzmann's thrombasthenic patients. The antigen recognized by antibody B37.3 is absent from thrombasthenic platelets. Antibody B1.12 reacts with an antigen shared by platelets and 20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation. Antibody B2.10 reacts specifically with platelets and megakaryocytes but does not affect platelet functions. Thus, these reagents are useful tools in diagnostic and functional studies of both normal and abnormal platelets.
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Comparison of three different methods for the detection of platelet antibodies
Authors: Vizcaíno Gilberto J. , Diez‐Ewald María 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn evaluation of three techniques for detection of antiplatelet antibodies in ATP is made. The platelet factor 3 availability after immunoinjury and the immunohystochemical technique using immunoperoxidase were more sensitive than 14C‐5HT release from platelets for this purpose. The percentage of positive cases was similar in acute and chronic ATP patients while it significantly fell in cases in remission. A high proportion of patients in clinical remission had normal platelet aggregation, despite the persistence of antiplatelet antibodies.
Lymphocytotoxic antibody is a predictor of response to random donor platelet transfusion
Authors: Hogge Donna E. , Dutcher Janice P. , Aisner Joseph , Schiffer Charles A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe transfusion records of 189 patients with acute leukemia were analyzed to correlate lymphocytotoxic antibody (LCTAb) levels with response to a series of random‐donor platelet transfusions (Tx). Twenty‐one patients were studied twice at times of different LCTAb levels. All transfusions were given when patients were clinically stable without disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding, temperature > 101°F, or splenomegaly. The mean 1‐hr and 24‐hr corrected count increments (CCI) for all patients with negative LCTAb were 16,100 and 12,000, and values for patients with positive LCTAb were 5,600 and 2,600 (P < 0.0005). Thirteen patients had intermediate LCTAb (10–20%) and a variable response to Tx. Of the 137 patients with negative LCTAb levels 106 (77%) had good mean CCI of > 10,000 at 1 hr and > 7,500 at 24 hr following transfusion. In contrast of 60 patients with positive LCTAb (> 20% cytotoxicity), 53 (88%) had poor CCI of < 10,000 at 1 hr and < 7,500 at 24 hr after transfusion. Only 4 patients with positive LCTAb had a good response to random donor platelets at both 1 and 24 hrs. Eighteen patients had negative LCTAb with a high 1‐hr and low 24‐hr CCI. Thirteen of these had a history of positive LCTAb and in 9 there was an anamnestic rise following transfusion. Nine of 137 patients had negative LCTAb with low 1‐hr and 24‐hr CCI. LCTAb is highly predictive of response to random donor platelets. Cytotoxicity to > 20% of tested lymphocytes virtually precludes a good CCI at 1 and 24 hr.
Erythroblastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukemia: A clinical and cytogenetic case study
Authors: O'Malley F. M. , Garson O. M. , McGrath K. M. , Elliott P. J. , Whiteside M. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 33‐year‐old male with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic granulocytic leukemia developed an erythroblastic transformation of the disease that was characterized cytogenetically by marked hyperdiploidy with multiple numerical and structural abnormalities. It is suggested that such bizarre chromosome abnormalities may be helpful in the diagnosis of this variety of transformation.
Decreased osmotic fragility in heritable canine myopathy
Authors: Abhold Raymond H. , Hegreberg Gerald A. , Magnuson James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOsmotic fragility was examined in red blood cells from dogs with a heritable muscle disorder that clinically resembles a muscular dystrophy. Several erythrocyte abnormalities have been reported in partients with certain forms of muscular dystrophy and it is thought that these changes reflect genetically induced alterations in the plasma membrane. It is believed that the examination of erythrocytes may eventually lead to the understanding of membrane involvement in muscle disorders. In this study, the mean osmotic fragility was found to be significantly lower in affected cells than in normal cells. These differences were maintained regardless of changes in incubation temperature (5°, 20°, or 35°C) and pH (6.5. 7.0, 7.5. or 8.0). Quantitative analysis of glycolytic metabolites and adenine nucleotide concentrations revealed little variance between erythrocytes from normal and affected animals. Similarly, the pattern of membrane protein phosphorylation in intact crythrocytes from affected animals did not differ from that observed when erythrocytes from normal animals were examined. Of the red cell indices measured, the erythrocyte count in affected animals was moderately increased, but both the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content were significantly reduced. From these data it is concluded that the decrease in osmotic fragility cannot be explained by differences in cell metabolism or energy production. However, the decrease in affected cell mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content may be correlated with the decrease in osmotic fragility in a manner similar to that observed in the hemolytic disorder of beta‐thalassemia.
Sustained post‐transfusion granulocyte count increments following transfusion of leukocytes obtained from donors with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Schiffer Charles A. , Aisner Joseph , Dutcher Janice P. , Wiernik Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocyte transfusions from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and elevated WBC counts were given to 14 patients with acute leukemia for the treatment of 16 infectious episodes. The WBCs were not irradiated to determine if engraftment with production of granulocytes would occur following infusion of immature myeloid elements. No recipient was alloimmunized by clinical and serologic criteria. High leukocyte yields were obtained using a variety of differential centrifugation techniques with a mean WBC yield/transfusion of 95 × 109 (range 19–275). A mean of 2.5 transfusions (range 1–11) were administered/recipient with a mean total dose of 235 × 109 WBC/transfusion episode (range 50–590). Seven patients had granulocyte counts greater than 500/μl for four or more days (range 4–11 days) following the last transfusion. Ph1 chromosomes were documented in 2 of 4 patients tested 2–8 days following transfusion. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores were increased (>150) in 5/5 recipients tested post‐transfusion demonstrating that production of this enzyme can be induced in CML granulocytes. Except for one severe transfusion reaction, there were no significant side effects and no recipient developed signs of graft versus host disease. All patients with sustained increments demonstrated rapid clinical improvement including 3 severely infected, poor risk patients undergoing initial induction therapy. These 3 patients all achieved complete remission with no evidence of the Ph1 chromosome. Because of the high dose of WBC which can be collected and the salutary effect of continued leukocyte production, CML WBC may be the preparation of choice for selected, non‐alloimmunized, severely infected patients.
Thrombocytopenic purpura with giant platelets and ultrastructural platelet defects
Authors: Vizcaíno Gilberto J. , Diez‐Ewald Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe case of a patient with thrombocytopenia and giant platelets is presented. Platelet function tests including bleeding time, aggregation, availability of PF3, and serotonin uptake and release were abnormal. A bone marrow aspirate showed megakaryocytes that while not increased in number, were young in appearance. Electron microscopy of platelets revealed a dilated surface‐connecting canalicular system and a prominent membrane complex. No similar findings were encountered among the patient's relatives. The various diagnostic possibilities in this patient are discussed.
Protein kinases in normal human blood cells
Authors: Tuy Françoise Phan Dinh , Henry Joëlle , Rosenfeld Claude , Kahn Axel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtein kinases active on basic and acidic artificial substrates were investigated in normal human erythrocytes, platelets, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. These two types of protein kinases were partially purified by affinity chromatography, then assayed for their enzymatic activity using [γ‐32P] ATP or GTP as phosphoryl donor. Partially purified kinases active on acidic substrates were subjected to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protein kinases active on basic sustrates were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude cellular extracts and the influence of 3′5′ cyclic AMP was studied. Three forms of casein‐phosvitin kinases could be distinguished according to their molecular weight (165 K, 38 K, and 31 K). The 165 K species, in contrast to the light species, can use GTP instead of ATP as phosphoryl donor and corresponds to the “so‐called” casein kinase 2. This form is very sensitive to proteolysis and, when partial purification is performed without the addition of various antiproteolytic agents, it is degraded into 120–135 K and 105–115 K active species; this artefactual degradative process is especially active in platelet extracts. As many as eight different active bands of histone and protamine kinases can be separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, several of them being stimulated by cyclic AMP. Isozymic patterns of protein kinases, levels of activity on the different substrates, and utilization of ATP and GTP were found to be specific for each cell type. These results suggest the possibility of using protein kinases as markers for cell differentiation.
Studies on the sequestration of chemically and enzymatically modified erythrocytes
Authors: Smedsrød Bård , Aminoff David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have developed an experimental animal model to establish the patterns of sequestration of untreated, as well as chemically and enzymatically modified red blood cells (RBC). The intraperitoneal route of transfusion provides a useful way of transferring large numbers of untreated RBC into small animals and assuring their introduction into the circulation within 24 hr. Moreover, this route “filters” some types of modified erythrocytes, eg, glutaraldehyde treated RBC. From the pattern of sequestration, the RBC in the peritoneal cavity then pass through the liver where other types of modified RBC are sequestered, eg, after trypsin, pronase, protease, or sialidase treatment. Some modified RBC show a preference for the spleen as the site of sequestration, eg, galactose oxidase or N‐ethylmaleimide treated RBC. These appear in the spleen despite intraperitoneal transfusion. Relevant to this study is the observation that in the rat old RBC are sequestered both by liver and spleen, while asialo‐erythrocytes are sequestered by liver only. A possible reason for this difference is discussed in the text.
Alterations of nuclear size profiles in AKR/J mice with spontaneous or transplanted leukemia
Authors: Schwartz G. N. , Patrene K. D. , Boggs S. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectronic sizing with a Coulter Counter was used to measure the frequency and number of cells with a large nuclear volume in tissues from AKR/J mice with spontaneous, long passaged, or first passage leukemia. The mean percentage of cells with a large nuclear volume was 1% in the blood, 4% in the spleen, 10% in the bone marrow, and 5% in the thymus of nonleukemic AKR/J mice. The percentage of cells with a large nucleus increased to 14–83% in all four tissues from AKR/J mice with spontaneous leukemia. In mice with a long passaged leukemia, a progressive increase in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus in the spleen and blood was associated with an increase in the number of cells/tissue with a large nucleus. However, in the bone marrow, an increase in percentage of cells with a large nuclear volume appeared to be the result of a decrease in the number of cells/humerus with a small nuclear volume. In the thymus, there was only a slight increase in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus. In mice with a first passage leukemia, there was a progressive increase, until death of the animals (21 ± 1.9 days), in thymus weight and in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus. Also, the number of cells with a large nucleus increased in the spleen and bone marrow until day 12. Thereafter, there was a decrease in the total number of cells and number of cells with a large nucleus.