bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Micha John P , Rettenmaier Mark A , Bohart Randy D , Goldstein Bram H 
Published: February 2024

Objective Despite the relatively high cure rates in early-stage breast cancer, advanced and metastatic breast cancer cases are associated with more inauspicious patient outcomes. Fortunately, with the advent of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors (e.g. palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib) with endocrine therapy, survival in advanced and metastatic breast cancer has appreciably improved. In the current review, we discuss these distinctions and the concomitant implications associated with the individual CDK4/6 inhibitors. Data sources We conducted an extensive PubMed search comprising several review articles on the topic of advanced or metastatic breast cancer treatment, with specific terms that included CDK4/6 inhibitors, treatment, and breast cancer. Data summary Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib have exhibited superior progression-free survival differences compared to endocrine therapy alone. However, there are differences among the various CDK4/6 inhibitors with regard to overall survival, tolerability and quality of life. Conclusions Ribociclib may be indicated for pre/perimenopausal patients, whereas abemaciclib is potentially recommended to address endocrine-resistant or visceral disease. Alternatively, palbociclib is associated with lower discontinuation rates than abemaciclib and unlike ribociclib, QTc prolongation is not observed with palbociclib.
Assessment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Abobo Communities in Gambella Regional State, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Tigist , Degarege Abraham , Aemero Mulugeta , Animut Abebe , Negash Yohannes , Erko Berhanu 
Published: February 2024

Background: Knowledge about community awareness and practices related to a disease, among other things, helps to plan relevant control strategies. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of the community in Abobo district of Gambella Regional State in Southwestern Ethiopia about urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), which is endemic to the region. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with KAPs variables. Results: Most study participants (90.6%) responded they have previously heard of UGS. Over 95% of the participants knew at least 1 symptom of UGS and 30% knew the transmission cycle. About 15.9% and 26.8% knew keeping environmental hygiene and refraining from using cercariae infested water, as preventive methods, respectively. Over half of the participants (50.1%) disagreed or did not know that urinating close to the river/dam water contributes to transmission, and almost all participants had contact with the dam/river water in one way or another. Education status and history of having the infection were the key significant correlates of most KAPs variables. Conclusion: Most of the community members had poor knowledge and attitudes about the mode of transmission and preventive measures of UGS. Thus, besides school-based mass drug administration (MDA), UGS control efforts in the region should incorporate health education in conjunction with safe water supplies, and provision of sanitary facilities to effectively reduce the transmission of the disease.
Extra-anatomic bypass procedures for severe aortoiliac occlusive disease—A cohort study
Authors: Galyfos George , Charalampopoulos Georgios , Chamzin Alexandros , Triantafillou Alexandra , Michalopoulou Victoria , Intzes Nikolaos , Kimpizi Despina , Zarmakoupis Konstantinos , Sigala Frangiska , Filis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2024

Objectives Extra-anatomic bypass (ExAB) grafting has been questioned due its inferior durability compared to anatomic bypass for aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD). This study aims to present early and late outcomes of patients treated with ExAB as well as to evaluate potential prognostic factors. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study presenting a series of patients treated with ExAB for AIOD. All patients were treated between 2005 and 2022 within the Vascular Surgery Unit of a University Surgery Clinic. Both early (30-day) and late outcomes were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for potential predictors. Kaplan–Meier curve was produced for long-term patency. Results A total of 41 patients were treated (85.3% males; mean age: 76.3 ± 4.2 years). Indication for treatment included severe claudication or critical limb ischemia (Rutherford stages III–VI). The following procedures were recorded: Femorofemoral bypass (FFB; n = 21) and axillofemoral bypass (AxFB; n = 20). All procedures were conducted using synthetic grafts with external rings. Early outcomes included no death, no myocardial infarction, no major bleeding, no graft infection, and no major amputation. Regarding late outcomes, 14.6% patients were lost after the first month. For the rest of patients ( n = 35), five-year primary patency was 88.6%, primary-assisted patency was 94.3%, and secondary patency was also 94.3%. Limb salvage was 100% within follow-up. Endarterectomy at the distal anastomosis was the only independent predictor associated with worse patency in the long-term (OR = 5.356; 95% CI (1.012–185.562); p = .041). Conclusions FFB and AxFB is a safe and durable strategy for treating patients with severe AIOD where no other option is feasible. Regarding predictors, only endarterectomy at the distal anastomosis site was associated with an increased risk for graft failure.
Multifunctional Analysis of Banana Leaves Extracts for Dyeing Properties of Pima Cotton Fabric Using Different Mordants
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Nazli Zill-i-Huma , Aslam Maryam , Zafar Imran , Afridi Hassan Imran , Unar Ahsanullah , Jamshaid Muhammad , ur-Rehman Rizwan- , Shoukat Waseem , Mouada Hanane , Dabiellil Fakhreldeen , Bourhia Mohammed , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Natural dyes have become very important for decades based on their extensive properties compared to synthetic dyes. Pima cotton was dyed with natural dyes derived from plants using mordants, a crucial step in modern industry. Objective This study explores the efficacy of banana leaf-extracted natural dyes with mordants in dyeing Pima cotton, examining color properties, chemical attributes, and fastness while exploring the potential for industrial applications. Methods In this study, banana leaf extracts were utilized for dyeing Pima cotton with mordants. The investigation assessed the multifunctional properties of alkaline and acetone using UV-Vis and FTIR or analyzed the dyed fabric's UPF. Applied to pre-mordanted Pima cotton, our dye interacts with various mordants like ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4), and potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Factors influencing dye fixation on Pima cotton, including cellulose and mordants, were examined. Treated and untreated fabric samples were tested for tensile strength and elongation. Dyeing performance was assessed using color parameters (K/S, L*, a*, b*, ΔE) using the Kubelka–Munk equation and fastness properties, with consistent results compared to standard protocols. Results The study on natural dye extraction from banana leaves has yielded promising outcomes, showcasing the effectiveness of mordants in dye fixation on cotton. The results demonstrate high tensile strength, color strength, and fastness properties in the dyed Pima cotton samples. Statistical analysis highlighted the nuanced relationship between mordants and dyes. The study's comprehensive approach, UV-Vis and FTIR analyses, dyeing temperature optimization, and phytochemical screening, confirming the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and other bioactive compounds, positions banana leaf extracts as a sustainable and versatile resource for eco-friendly textile practices, offering a compelling alternative to synthetic dyes. Conclusion The study reveals Pima cotton's promising potential for eco-friendly dyeing, optimizing cost, time, and space for future sustainable textile applications.
Ankle Injury Prevention Programs for Youth Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Berkey Ryan , Sunesara Afsar , Allen Lindsay , Pontiff Ryan , DeVries Alison , Fisher Steve R. 
Published: February 2024

Context: Previous research has demonstrated that using a multicomponent approach to ankle injury preventions can significantly reduce ankle injuries; however, these studies lack specific intervention recommendations. Objective: To evaluate the exercise components of prevention programs on ankle injuries specifically in high school athletes. Secondary objectives were to assess the overall effectiveness of prevention programs on ankle injuries in this population and how compliance and education may impact success. Data Sources: A total of 5 databases were searched through September 26, 2022. Study Selection: Study inclusion criteria included randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating exercise interventions in high school athletes aged 13 to 19 years, participation in sports competition, reporting of injury incidence, and specific exercise interventions used. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Data Extraction: Pooled overall ankle injury incidence rate ratio and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 10 studies were included, of which 9 used multicomponent exercise interventions and 1 used only balance training. Of the 10 studies, 3 demonstrated statistically significant reduction in ankle injuries. When data from all 10 studies were pooled and analyzed, there was a statistically significant overall reduction (incidence rate ratio, 0.74; 95% CI 0.60-0.91) in ankle injuries when comparing intervention groups with controls. Conclusion: The most effective injury prevention programs included multiple components, emphasized strengthening and agility exercises, and promoted high adherence to the intervention. The importance of coach and player education on how and why to perform an injury prevention program as well as the frequency and duration of programs was also important. Exercise-based injury prevention programs may reduce ankle injury incidence in youth athletes by 26% when pooling data from a multitude of sport types/settings.
The Statistical Fragility of Marrow Stimulation for Cartilage Defects of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yendluri Avanish , Alexanian Ara , Chari Rohit R. , Corvi John J. , Namiri Nikan K. , Song Junho , Alaia Michael J. , Li Xinning , Parisien Robert L. 
Published: February 2024

Objective Marrow stimulation is used to address knee cartilage defects. In this study, we used the fragility index (FI), reverse fragility index (rFI), and fragility quotient (FQ) to evaluate statistical fragility of outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating marrow stimulation. Design PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE were queried for recent RCTs (January 1, 2010-September 5, 2023) assessing marrow stimulation for cartilage defects of the knee. The FI and rFI were calculated as the number of outcome event reversals required to alter statistical significance for significant and nonsignificant outcomes, respectively. The FQ was determined by dividing the FI by the study sample size. Results Across 155 total outcomes from 21 RCTs, the median FI was 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 2-5), with an associated median FQ of 0.067 (IQR, 0.033-0.010). Thirty-two outcomes were statistically significant, with a median FI of 2 (IQR, 1-3.25) and FQ of 0.050 (IQR, 0.025-0.069). Ten of the 32 (31.3%) outcomes reported as statistically significant had an FI of 1. In total, 123 outcomes were nonsignificant, with a median rFI of 3 (IQR, 2-5). Studies assessing stem cell augments were the most fragile, with a median FI of 2. In 55.5% of outcomes, the number of patients lost to follow-up was greater than or equal to the FI. Conclusion Statistical findings in RCTs evaluating marrow stimulation for cartilage defects of the knee are statistically fragile. We recommend combined reporting of P-values with FI and FQ metrics to aid in the interpretation of clinical findings in comparative trials assessing cartilage restoration.
The use of a train-the-trainer model to educate non-dental healthcare professionals for oral care
Authors: Foo Lean Heong , Yap Xin Ying , Yang Jingrong 
Published: February 2024

Background: Associations between oral health and systemic conditions have been well established in recent literature. Improvements in oral hygiene have consistently shown to significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory infections, which has high morbidity and mortality rates in the frail elderly. However, the simple low-cost intervention of good oral care remains overlooked in healthcare institutions and nursing homes, due to limited awareness and knowledge. Previous efforts for oral care training of non-dental healthcare professionals have been largely sporadic, with little impact and reach to the medical fraternity. Purpose: To overcome these challenges, we utilized a train-the-trainer model, where seven senior nurses from the long-term stay wards of a public community hospital were educated on the importance of good oral health and trained to administer a comprehensive oral care protocol in patients requiring assistance. The Oral Health Education Programme (OHEP) consisted of a full-day workshop on Common Dental Conditions, Oral Health Assessment Technique (OHAT), and oral hygiene instruction for normal and assisted tooth brushing in independent and mechanically ventilated patients respectively. Results: Majority of the nurses felt that the training was effective and applicable to their work. The number of patients with chronic respiratory infections in the wards were reduced after commencement of OHEP. Conclusion: This interprofessional education collaboration using the train-the-trainer model provides a standardized curriculum, while allowing autonomy for the trainers to customize modules relevant to their respective institutions. This partnership model between medical nurses and oral health professionals allows for better sustainability of the programme.
Patients’ and caregivers’ experiences of virtual care in a primary care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A patient-oriented research study
Authors: Halas Gayle , Baldwin Alanna , Mackay Kerri , Cardenas Ernesto , LaBine Lisa , Cherrett Phyllis , Abraham Linda , Fogarty Vivianne , Singer Alexander , Katz Alan , Kirby Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study explored patient and caregiver expectations and experiences of virtual primary care in Manitoba, Canada. This study focused on accessibility of care, acceptability and perceptions of quality from ‘users’ of primary healthcare services. Due to the rapid implementation of virtual primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, patient/public input was largely bypassed. Methods A mixed method was conducted in collaboration with Patient and Caregiver Community Advisors. Data was obtained from 696 surveys and 9 focus groups (n = 41 patients and caregivers). Results Data suggest good acceptance of virtual visits, although considered a new experience despite almost exclusive use of the telephone. Participants preferred more input for choosing the type of visit but experienced less stress, time and inconvenience by using virtual care. There were mixed opinions of quality. More complex visits were associated with incomplete consultations and serve as one exemplar of the limitations due to lack of physical presence or contact. Unique communication skills were required to convey health concerns adequately and accurately. A more transactional approach was perceived from the lack of visual cues and the awkwardness associated with pauses during the phone conversation. Virtual care may be better used for certain circumstances but should encompass patient-centred decision making for when and how. Many expressed interests in video options; technology access and user ability are additional considerations for advancing virtual care. Conclusions The experiences and recommendations from patients and caregivers provide an important contribution to decision-making and integrating and sustaining quality virtual care for patient-centered healthcare service delivery. Keywords: Virtual care experiences, primary care, patient-oriented research, mixed methods, COVID-19.
Association between digital health literacy and physical activity levels among individuals with and without long-term health conditions: Data from a cross-sectional survey of 19,231 individuals
Authors: Zangger Graziella , Mortensen Sofie Rath , Tang Lars Herman , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Skou Søren T. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives This study explored associations between digital health literacy and physical activity levels and assessed potential interactions of long-term health conditions. Methods A cross-sectional survey was sent to 34,000 inhabitants in Region Zealand, Denmark. The survey included items on physical activity levels and three electronic Health Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) scales (1, 4, and 5). Associations were assessed by logistic regression and adjusted for confounders. Results A total of 19,231 participated in the survey. Positive associations were found between higher digital health literacy and being active >30 min./week at moderate-to-vigorous intensity (eHLQ 1: OR 1.24, p < 0.001; eHLQ 4: OR 1.13, p = 0.012; eHLQ 5: OR 1.25, p < 0.001), compliance with the World Health Organization minimum recommendations for physical activity (eHLQ 1: OR 1.33 p < 0.001; eHLQ 4: OR 1.08 p = 0.025; eHLQ 5: OR 1.32, p < 0.001), and self-reported physical active (eHLQ 1: OR 1.50 p < 0.001; eHLQ 4: OR 1.24 p < 0.001; eHLQ 5: OR 1.54 p < 0.001), even when fully adjusted for covariates. No significant interaction was found for long-term health conditions. However, individuals with more long-term health conditions exhibited the lowest digital health literacy scores (9% to 19% scored <2.0). Conclusion A higher digital health literacy is positively associated with higher physical activity levels. This highlights the importance of screening and promoting digital health literacy in managing digital health and digital physical activity interventions. Future research should explore strategies and targeted interventions to enhance digital health literacy and improve health outcomes.
Predictors of outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in acute basilar artery occlusions: Analysis of the PC-SEARCH thrombectomy registry
Authors: Mierzwa Adam T , Nelson Ashley , Kasab Sami Al , Ortega Gutierrez Santiago , Vivanco-Suarez Juan , Farooqui Mudassir , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Desai Shashvat , Toth Gabor , Alrohimi Anas , Nguyen Thanh N , Klein Piers , Abdalkader Mohamad , Salahuddin Hisham , Pandey Aditya , Wilseck Zachary , Koduri Sravanthi , Vora Niraj , Aladamat Nameer , Gharaibeh Khaled , Afreen Ehad , Al-Hajala Hisham , Shawver Julie , Zaidi Syed , Jumaa Mouhammad 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Recent randomized controlled trials demonstrated superiority of mechanical thrombectomy compared to medical therapy in acute basilar artery occlusions, however, little data is available to guide clinicians in functional prognosis and risk stratification. Patients and Methods: Data from the retrospectively established PC-SEARCH Thrombectomy registry, which included patients with basilar artery occlusion from eight sites from January 2015 to December 2021, was interrogated. Outcomes were dichotomized into 90-day favorable (mRS ⩽ 3) and unfavorable (mRS > 3). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with respect to the outcome groups and were adjusted for potential confounding baseline characteristics. Results: Four-hundred-forty-four patients were included in this analysis. Mean age was 66 [SD 15], with 56% male, and comprised of 76% Caucasian. Patients presented with an initial median NIHSS of 18 and 199 patients (44.8%) achieved favorable 90-day functional outcomes. Independent predictors of favorable outcomes included younger age, pc-ASPECTS > 8 (OR 2.30 p < 0.001), and TICI ⩾ 2b (OR 7.56 p < 0.001). Unfavorable outcomes were associated with increasing number of passes (OR 1.29 p = 0.004) and sICH (OR 4.19 p = 0.015). IA-tPA was an independent risk factor for sICH (OR 7.15 p = 0.002) without improving favorable functional outcomes. Conclusion and Discussion: PC-ASPECTS > 8, successful recanalization (TICI ⩾ 2b), first-pass recanalization, and younger age are independent predictors of favorable 90-day functional outcome in thrombectomy treated patients with acute basilar artery occlusion. Conversely, sICH were independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes. IA-tPA and unsuccessful recanalization are independently associated with sICH.
Impact of prodromal symptoms on the prognosis of patients with basilar artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Accettone Thomas , Personnic Thomas , Bretzner Martin , Behal Helene , Cordonnier Charlotte , Henon Hilde , Puy Laurent 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Even with reperfusion therapies, the prognosis of patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) related stroke remains poor. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of prodromal symptoms, an easily available anamnestic data, is a key determinant of poor functional outcome. Patients and methods: Data from patients with BAO treated in Lille, France, with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) between 2015 and 2021 were prospectively collected. The presence of prodromal symptoms was defined by previous transient neurological deficit or gradual progressive clinical worsening preceding a secondary sudden clinical worsening. We compared the characteristics of patients with and without prodromal symptoms. We built multivariate logistic regression models to study the association between the presence of prodromal symptoms and functional (mRS 0–3 and mortality), and procedural (successful recanalization and early reocclusion) outcomes. Results: Among the 180 patients, 63 (35%) had prodromal symptoms, most frequently a vertigo. Large artery atherosclerosis was the predominant cause of stroke (41.3%). The presence of prodromal symptoms was an independent predictor of worse 90-day functional outcome (mRS 0–3: 25.4% vs 47.0%, odds ratio (OR) 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.86) and 90-day mortality (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.02–4.65). Despite similar successful recanalization rate, the proportion of early basilar artery reocclusion was higher in patients with prodromal symptoms (23.8% vs 5.6%, p = 0.002). Discussion and conclusion: More than one third of BAO patients treated with MT had prodromal symptoms, especially patients with large-artery atherosclerosis. Clinicians should systematically screen for prodromal symptoms given the poor related functional outcome and increased risk of early basilar artery reocclusion.