bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting neutrinos from supernova bursts in PandaX-4T*
Authors: Pang 庞 Binyu 彬宇 , Abdukerim 阿布都沙拉木&middot;阿布 Abdusalam 都克力木 , Bo 薄 Zihao 子豪 , Chen 陈 Wei 葳 , Chen 谌 Xun 勋 , Cheng 程 Chen 晨 , Cheng 成 Zhaokan 兆侃 , Cui 崔 Xiangyi 祥仪 , Fan 樊 Yingjie 英杰 , Fang 方 Deqing 德清 , Fu 符 Changbo 长波 , Fu 付 Mengting 孟婷 , Geng 耿 Lisheng 立升 , Giboni Karl , Gu 顾 Linhui 琳慧 , Guo 郭 Xuyuan 绪元 , Han 韩 Chencheng 晨成 , Han 韩 Ke 柯 , He 何 Changda 昶达 , He 何 Jinrong 金荣 , Huang 黄 Di 迪 , Huang 黄 Yanlin 彦霖 , Huang 黄 Junting 俊挺 , Huang 黄 Zhou 周 , Hou 侯 Ruquan 汝全 , Hou 侯 Yu 钰 , Ji 季 Xiangdong 向东 , Ju 巨 Yonglin 永林 , Li 李 Chenxiang 晨翔 , Li 李 Jiafu 家富 , Li 李 Mingchuan 名川 , Li 李 Shuaijie 帅杰 , Li 李 Tao 涛 , Lin 林 Qing 箐 , Liu 刘 QiJianglaing 江来 , Lu 陆 Congcong 聪聪 , Lu 芦 Xiaoying 晓盈 , Luo 罗 Lingyin 棱尹 , Luo 罗 Yunyang 云阳 , Ma 马 Wenbo 文博 , Ma 马 Yugang 余刚 , Mao 冒 Yajun 亚军 , Meng 孟 Yue 月 , Ning 宁 Xuyang 旭阳 , Qi 祁 Ningchun 宁春 , Qian 钱 Zhicheng 志成 , Ren 任 Xiangxiang 祥祥 , Shaheed Nasir , Shang 尚 Xiaofeng 晓凤 , Shao 邵 Xiyuan 熙元 , Shen 申 Guofang 国防 , Si 司 Lin 琳 , Sun 孙 Wenliang 文良 , Tan 谈 Andi 安迪 , Tao 陶 Yi 奕 , Wang 王 Anqing 安庆 , Wang 王 Meng 萌 , Wang 王 Qiuhong 秋红 , Wang 王 Shaobo 少博 , Wang 王 Siguang 思广 , Wang 王 Wei 为 , Wang 王 Xiuli 秀丽 , Wang 王 Zhou 舟 , Wei 魏 Yuehuan 月环 , Wu 武 Mengmeng 蒙蒙 , Wu 邬 Weihao 维浩 , Xia 夏 Jingkai 经铠 , Xiao 肖 Mengjiao 梦姣 , Xiao 肖 Xiang 翔 , Xie 谢 Pengwei 鹏伟 , Yan 燕 Binbin 斌斌 , Yan 颜 Xiyu 玺雨 , Yang 杨 Jijun 继军 , Yang 杨 Yong 勇 , Yao 姚 Yukun 玉坤 , Yu 喻 Chunxu 纯旭 , Yuan 袁 Ying 影 , Yuan 苑 Zhe 哲 , Zeng 曾 Xinning 鑫宁 , Zhang 张 Dan 丹 , Zhang 张 Minzhen 敏桢 , Zhang 张 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Shibo 世博 , Zhang 张 Shu 澍 , Zhang 张 Tao 涛 , Zhang 张 Yang 洋 , Zhang 张 Yingxin 瀛心 , Zhang 张 Yuanyuan 园园 , Zhao 赵 Li 力 , Zheng 郑 Qibin 其斌 , Zhou 周 Jifang 济芳 , Zhou 周 Ning 宁 , Zhou 周 Xiaopeng 小朋 , Zhou 周 Yong 永 , Zhou 周 Yubo 钰博 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae are essential for understanding neutrino physics and stellar evolution. Dual-phase xenon dark matter detectors can be used to track explosions of galactic supernovae by detecting neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatterings. In this study, a variation of progenitor masses and explosion models are assumed to predict neutrino fluxes and spectra, which result in the number of expected neutrino events ranging from 6.6 to 13.7 at a distance of 10 kpc over a 10-s duration with negligible backgrounds at PandaX-4T. Two specialized triggering alarms for monitoring supernova burst neutrinos are built. The efficiency of detecting supernova explosions at various distances in the Milky Way is estimated. These alarms will be implemented in the real-time supernova monitoring system at PandaX-4T in the near future, which will provide supernova early warnings for the astronomical community.
Linear instability of hairy black holes in Horndeski theory*
Authors: Zhang 张 Chao 超 , Zhu 朱 Tao 涛 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Horndeski theory constitutes the most general model of scalar-tensor theories. It has attracted much attention in recent years in relation with black holes, celestial dynamics, stability analysis, etc. It is important to note that, for certain subclasses of Horndeski models, one can obtain analytic solutions for the background fields. This facilitates the investigation of the corresponding stability problems in detail. In particular, we aim to determine the constraints to the model or theory under which the stability conditions can be satisfied. In this study, we focused on a subclass of Horndeski theory and a set of analytic background solutions. In addition, the odd-parity gravitational perturbation and 2nd-order Lagrangian were investigated. Through careful analysis, the instability was identified within the neighborhood of the event horizon. This allows exclusion of a specific geometry for the model. Such an instability is implanted in the structure of the corresponding Lagrangian and is not erased by simply adding numerical constraints on the coupling parameters. As a starting point of our research, the current study provides insights for further exploration of the Horndeski theory.
Dynamical Dark Energy in Light of Cosmic Distance Measurements. I. A Demonstration Using Simulated Datasets
Authors: Gu Gan , Wang Xiaoma , Mu Xiaoyong , Yuan Shuo , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We develop methods to extract key dark energy information from cosmic distance measurements including the BAO scales and supernova (SN) luminosity distances. Demonstrated using simulated data sets of the complete DESI, LSST and Roman surveys designed for BAO and SN distance measurements, we show that using our method, the dynamical behavior of the energy, pressure, equation of state (with its time derivative) of dark energy and the cosmic deceleration function can all be accurately recovered from high-quality data, which allows for robust diagnostic tests for dark energy models.
Numerical study of the plasma meniscus shape and beam optics in RF negative ion sources
Authors: Hayashi K. , Hoshino K. , Miyamoto K. , Hatayama A. , Lettry J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In order to extract intense ion beams with good beam optics from hydrogen negative ion
sources, it is important to control the shape of the plasma meniscus (i.e. beam emission
surface). Recently, it is suggested experimentally that the degradation of beam optics in the RF
negative ion sources may be due to the fluctuation of the distance d
eff between the meniscus
and the extraction grid caused by the fluctuation of the plasma density np
. The purpose of
this study is to make clear the dependence of d
eff on np
in the presence of a
large amount of surface produced H- ions in order to understand such fluctuation of beam
optics in RF sources For the purpose, 3D electrostatic PIC simulation was conducted taking the
bulk plasma density as a parameter, investigating the extraction region of a H- ion source. A
large amount of the surface H- production on the PG has been taken into account under the
assumption that the H- production rate is proportional to the bulk plasma density. The result
shows that the effective distance d
eff is proportional to np

-1/2 even for a
large amount of surface H- production. This dependence suggests that the bulk plasma density
np
is the key parameters to control d
eff and the resultant beam optics extracted from
the negative ion source.
Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance/near-infrared imaging targeting HER2 in breast cancer
Authors: Yin Qiangqiang , Gao Xiaolong , Zhang Hao , Zhang Zhichen , Yu Xiaoyang , He Jialong , Shi Guangyue , Hao Liguo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study developed a probe Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab with fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging functions that can target breast cancer with high HER2 expression, aiming to provide a new theoretical method for the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab nanoparticles were combined with Fe3O4 for T2 imaging and Cy5.5 for near-infrared imaging, and coupled with trastuzumab for HER2 targeting. We characterized the nanoparticles used transmission electron microscopy, hydration particle size, Zeta potential, UV and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and examined its magnetism, fluorescence, and relaxation rate related properties. CCK-8 and blood biochemistry analysis evaluated the biosafety and stability of the nanoparticles, and validated the targeting ability of Fe3O4-Cy5.5 trastuzumab nanoparticles through in vitro and in vivo cell and animal experiments. Characterization results showed the successful synthesis of Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab nanoparticles with a diameter of 93.72 ± 6.34 nm. The nanoparticles showed a T2 relaxation rate 42.29 mM−1s−1, magnetic saturation strength of 27.58 emg g−1. Laser confocal and flow cytometry uptake assay showed that the nanoparticles could effectively target HER2 expressed by breast cancer cells. As indicated by in vitro and in vivo studies, Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab were specifically taken up and effectively aggregated to tumour regions with prominent NIRF/MR imaging properties. CCK-8, blood biochemical analysis and histological results suggested Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab that exhibited low toxicity to major organs and good in vivo biocompatibility. The prepared Fe3O4-Cy5.5-trastuzumab exhibited excellent targeting, NIRF/MR imaging performance. It is expected to serve as a safe and effective diagnostic method that lays a theoretical basis for the effective diagnosis of early breast cancer. This study successfully prepared a kind of nanoparticles with near-infrared fluorescence imaging and T2 imaging properties, which is expected to serve as a new theory and strategy for early detection of breast cancer.
Mussel shell-derived pro-regenerative scaffold with conductive porous multi-scale-patterned microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Yin Wenming , Yang Chang , Liu Dan , Cha Shuhan , Cai Liu , Ye Genlan , Song Xiaoping , Zhang Jifeng , Qiu Xiaozhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is well-established that multi-scale porous scaffolds can guide axonal growth and facilitate functional restoration after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we developed a novel mussel shell-inspired conductive scaffold for SCI repair with ease of production, multi-scale porous structure, high flexibility, and excellent biocompatibility. By utilizing the reducing properties of polydopamine, non-conductive graphene oxide (GO) was converted into conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and crosslinked in situ within the mussel shells. In vitro experiments confirmed that this multi-scale porous Shell@PDA-GO could serve as structural cues for enhancing cell adhesion, differentiation, and maturation, as well as promoting the electrophysiological development of hippocampal neurons. After transplantation at the injury sites, the Shell@PDA-GO provided a pro-regenerative microenvironment, promoting endogenous neurogenesis, triggering neovascularization, and relieving glial fibrosis formation. Interestingly, the Shell@PDA-GO could induce the release of endogenous growth factors (NGF and NT-3), resulting in the complete regeneration of nerve fibers at 12 weeks. This work provides a feasible strategy for the exploration of conductive multi-scale patterned scaffold to repair SCI.
Focus on plasma-facing materials in nuclear fusion reactors
Authors: Dasgupta Dwaipayan , Bernard Elodie , Zhou Haishan , Kolasinski Robert D , Wirth Brian D , Maroudas Dimitrios 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fusion energy is a promising, safe, and reliable green energy solution to the increasing energy demand. However, there are several materials challenges that need to be overcome to increase the technical readiness to a level that enables a fusion pilot plant on the grid. This focus issue aims to identify and address a set of such key impediments for realizing deuterium-tritium (D–T) fusion power in a tokamak reactor and highlight the most recent progress on those research frontiers. The main emphasis of this collection is on materials development challenges resulting from helium irradiation, neutron-induced degradation, thermomechanical loading, and the corrosive environment faced by the divertor and first-wall materials, commonly known as plasma-facing components, and blanket systems for tokamak fusion reactors.
Raman evidence for the oxidation of amorphous As2(SexS1–x)3 film surfaces under visible light
Authors: Azhniuk Yuriy , Lopushansky Vasyl , Loya Vasyl , Solonenko Dmytro , Kryshenik Volodymyr , Voynarovych Ivan , Gomonnai Alexander V , Zahn Dietrich R T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Raman spectra of thermally evaporated As2Se3 and Se-rich (above 50 at. %) ternary As–Se–S films measured at high (above 1 MW cm−2) excitation power density reveal new narrow peaks emerging during the measurements which are attributed to crystalline arsenolite As2O3. The latter is formed on the As–Se–S film surface due to thermal decomposition of the film and oxidation of arsenic in ambient air. Contrary to As2S3, for which the photoassisted oxidation of the film surface requires UV light, for narrower-gap As–Se–S films this effect occurs under illumination by visible light.
High electrical conductivity and bending resistance of Ag NPs/Ag flakes composite silver paste are achieved by sintering Ag NPs
Authors: Quan Siqi , Gan Guoyou , Yu Xiang lei , Tang Xian jie , Sun Hu , Qian Zhuo , Li Junpeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The investigation of conductive silver pastes and inks has witnessed extensive research within the domain of printed electronics in recent years, primarily owing to the exceptional electrical conductivity and steadfastness intrinsic to silver. This paper introduces an approach for the fabrication of stable, cost-effective, and low-resistance conductive silver paste tailored for flexible printed circuits. This method facilitates the solidification of the conductive silver paste into a highly conductive silver film at a curing temperature of 250 °C. In the process of preparing the conductive silver paste, Ag flakes is subject to modification through the incorporation of Ag NPs, which are subsequently sintered at a low temperature curing setting. The sintering of Ag NPs serves to establish connections between adjacent particles of Ag flakes within the paste, thereby enhancing the conductivity and flexibility of the resulting conductive printed silver film. When the ratio of Ag NPs to Ag flakes is maintained at 10:90, the volume resistivity of the Ag NPs-modified film registers at 2.7 × 10−5 Ω.cm. This demonstrates a substantial 53.45% reduction in the volume resistivity of the conductive printed silver film modified with Ag NPs, compared to its Ag NPs-absent counterpart. Post 200 cyclic bending tests, it becomes evident that the resistance change rate in the Ag NPs-modified conductive printed silver film is a mere 12.5%, whereas the Ag NPs-modified silver film lacking Ag NPs displays a resistance change rate of 21.5%. This discrepancy underscores the capacity of Ag NPs-modified Ag flakes to fortify the bending resistance of the conductive printed silver film. Comprehensive data analysis substantiates that the improvements in electrical conductivity and bending resistance can be attributed to the superior bridging facilitated by the sintering process on the surface of the Ag NPs-modified Ag flakes.
Quantum thermodynamics of boundary time-crystals
Authors: Carollo Federico , Lesanovsky Igor , Antezza Mauro , De Chiara Gabriele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Time-translation symmetry breaking is a mechanism for the emergence of non-stationary many-body phases, so-called time-crystals, in Markovian open quantum systems. Dynamical aspects of time-crystals have been extensively explored over the recent years. However, much less is known about their thermodynamic properties, also due to the intrinsic nonequilibrium nature of these phases. Here, we consider the paradigmatic boundary time-crystal system, in a finite-temperature environment, and demonstrate the persistence of the time-crystalline phase at any temperature. Furthermore, we analyze thermodynamic aspects of the model investigating, in particular, heat currents, power exchange and irreversible entropy production. Our work sheds light on the thermodynamic cost of sustaining nonequilibrium time-crystalline phases and provides a framework for characterizing time-crystals as possible resources for, e.g. quantum sensing. Our results may be verified in experiments, for example with trapped ions or superconducting circuits, since we connect thermodynamic quantities with mean value and covariance of collective (magnetization) operators.
Positron emission tomography–computed tomography vs. brain magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of cerebral metastases of melanoma: a 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Tutic-Sorrentino Lisa , Cazzaniga Simone , Feldmeyer Laurence , Benzaquen Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with melanoma present a high risk of developing extracutaneous metastases. Positron emission tomography–­computed tomography (PET-CT) is one of the preferred examinations for the staging of oncological patients. It is not the method of choice to detect brain metastases, but this technique has shown significant improvement and allows the detection of some of them. However, it is unclear how it performs compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the current gold standard for diagnosing brain metastases.

Objectives
To compare the accuracy of PET-CT and cerebral MRI to detect brain metastases in patients with melanoma.

Methods
We retrospectively included all patients diagnosed with melanoma stage IIC–IV (American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition, 2017) who presented at the skin tumour board of the University Hospital of Bern between January 2018 and December 2022. All radiological reports extracted from the patient management system were analysed to assess discrepancy between the visibility of brain metastases on PET-CT and brain MRI.

Results
In this study including 393 patients, brain MRI demonstrated significantly better performance than PET-CT in detecting brain metastases. In 47 patients, cerebral metastases were detected completely, detected partially, or not detected by PET-CT in 2 (4%), 15 (32%) and 30 (64%), respectively.

Conclusions
Despite the increasing performance of PET-CT, this study highlights the crucial role of brain MRI, which remains the gold standard to detect cerebral metastases. Brain MRI should be performed in patients with high-risk melanoma from stage IIC to exclude brain metastases.
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Breakpoints AgainstEnterobacterales: Rationale for Revision by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Authors: Narayanan Navaneeth , Mathers Amy J , Wenzler Eric , Moore Nicholas M , Giske Christian G , Mendes Rodrigo E , Edelstein Paul H 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) is among the most frequently prescribed antibiotics globally. It has broad antibacterial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria and has been used to treat infections caused by a broad range of pathogens. AMC breakpoints against Enterobacterales were initially set in the 1980s. However, since that time, increases in antibiotic resistance, advances in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses, and publication of additional clinical data prompted a reassessment by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Based on this contemporary reappraisal, the CLSI retained the Enterobacterales breakpoints but revised comments regarding dosing associated with use of the AMC breakpoints in the 2022 supplement of M100. This viewpoint provides insight into the CLSI breakpoint reevaluation process and summarizes the data and rationale used to support these revisions to the AMC Enterobacterales breakpoint.
Thermally unstable roosts influence winter torpor patterns in a threatened bat species
Authors: Newman Blaise A , Loeb Susan C , Jachowski David S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many hibernating bats in thermally stable, subterranean roosts have experienced precipitous declines from white-nose syndrome (WNS). However, some WNS-affected species also use thermally unstable roosts during winter that may impact their torpor patterns and WNS susceptibility. From November to March 2017–19, we used temperature-sensitive transmitters to document winter torpor patterns of tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) using thermally unstable roosts in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Daily mean roost temperature was 12.9 ± 4.9°C SD in bridges and 11.0 ± 4.6°C in accessible cavities with daily fluctuations of 4.8 ± 2°C in bridges and 4.0 ± 1.9°C in accessible cavities and maximum fluctuations of 13.8 and 10.5°C, respectively. Mean torpor bout duration was 2.7 ± 2.8 days and was negatively related to ambient temperature and positively related to precipitation. Bats maintained non-random arousal patterns focused near dusk and were active on 33.6% of tracked days. Fifty-one percent of arousals contained passive rewarming. Normothermic bout duration, general activity and activity away from the roost were positively related to ambient temperature, and activity away from the roost was negatively related to barometric pressure. Our results suggest ambient weather conditions influence winter torpor patterns of tricolored bats using thermally unstable roosts. Short torpor bout durations and potential nighttime foraging during winter by tricolored bats in thermally unstable roosts contrasts with behaviors of tricolored bats in thermally stable roosts. Therefore, tricolored bat using thermally unstable roosts may be less susceptible to WNS. More broadly, these results highlight the importance of understanding the effect of roost thermal stability on winter torpor patterns and the physiological flexibility of broadly distributed hibernating species.
ATP13A3 variants promote pulmonary arterial hypertension by disrupting polyamine transport
Authors: Liu Bin , Azfar Mujahid , Legchenko Ekaterina , West James A , Martin Shaun , Van den Haute Chris , Baekelandt Veerle , Wharton John , Howard Luke , Wilkins Martin R , Vangheluwe Peter , Morrell Nicholas W , Upton Paul D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine the biological function of ATP13A3 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and how PAH-associated variants may contribute to disease pathogenesis.

Methods and results
We studied the impact of ATP13A3 deficiency and overexpression in EC models [human pulmonary ECs, blood outgrowth ECs (BOECs), and human microvascular EC 1], including a PAH patient–derived BOEC line harbouring an ATP13A3 variant (LK726X). We also generated mice harbouring an Atp13a3 variant analogous to a human disease–associated variant to establish whether these mice develop PAH. ATP13A3 localized to the recycling endosomes of human ECs. Knockdown of ATP13A3 in ECs generally reduced the basal polyamine content and altered the expression of enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type ATP13A3 increased polyamine uptake. Functionally, loss of ATP13A3 was associated with reduced EC proliferation, increased apoptosis in serum starvation, and increased monolayer permeability to thrombin. The assessment of five PAH-associated missense ATP13A3 variants (L675V, M850I, V855M, R858H, and L956P) confirmed loss-of-function phenotypes represented by impaired polyamine transport and dysregulated EC function. Furthermore, mice carrying a heterozygous germline Atp13a3 frameshift variant representing a human variant spontaneously developed a PAH phenotype, with increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular remodelling, and muscularization of pulmonary vessels.

Conclusion
We identify ATP13A3 as a polyamine transporter controlling polyamine homeostasis in ECs, a deficiency of which leads to EC dysfunction and predisposes to PAH. This suggests a need for targeted therapies to alleviate the imbalances in polyamine homeostasis and EC dysfunction in PAH.