bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between gender and aspirations to senior management
Authors: Litzky Barrie , Greenhaus Jeffrey 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of gender, work factors, and non‐work factors with aspirations to positions in senior management. A process model of senior management aspirations was developed and tested.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via an online survey that resulted in a sample of 368 working professionals. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyze results.FindingsWomen were less likely than men to desire promotion into a senior management position. Moreover, women's lower desired aspirations for promotion to senior management were due in part to the smaller degree of congruence that women perceive between personal characteristics and senior management positions and in part to the less favorable prospects for career advancement that women perceive relative to men.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross‐sectional, correlational research design does not permit strong inferences regarding the causal direction of observed relationships. In addition, the specific nature of the sample (working professionals enrolled in graduate study at one university in the USA) may limit the generalizability of the results.Practical implicationsBecause women's career aspirations are affected by their perceived congruence with senior management positions and by their perceived opportunity to reach senior management, organizations should assure that senior management roles are not predominantly associated with masculine characteristics and should evaluate their promotion systems to eliminate artificial barriers to women's advancement into senior management.Originality/valueThis research distinguishes between desired and enacted aspirations as well as provides insights into some factors that explain why women hold weaker desired aspirations for senior management positions than men.
The German guideline for intellectual capital reporting: method and experiences
Authors: Bornemann Manfred , Alwert Kay 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to describe a methodology for intellectual capital reporting which was successfully tested in Germany. Special focus is on developing a short list of IC drivers for urgent management intervention.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on established self‐assessment methodologies from quality management and concepts of system dynamics, an action research design was applied to develop an intellectual capital reporting framework.FindingsIt is possible to identify and to assess intellectual capital drivers for corporate results and to prioritize them according to marginal economic contribution. Based on concepts from system dynamics, group learning processes and organizational learning processes are stimulated. Investing scarce resources in specific drivers of intellectual capital with high impact on the organization and additional high levels of managerial control supports long‐term performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research builds on self‐organizing principles; the quality of intellectual capital assessment thus depends massively on the rigour of the team involved. Comparability of assessments is limited, as the standard reference is the organization's strategy.Practical implicationsThe suggested methodology builds heavily on methods already established in SMEs and is compatible with general management approaches. It is economical by design and delivers insight into the functioning of the organization as well as insights on future fields for management intervention.Originality/valueThis methodology combines two established concepts of self‐assessment and system analysis and applies them to intellectual capital in order to resolve the decision problem of allocating funds based on economic efficiency and impact.
Extended VAIC model: measuring intellectual capital components
Authors: Nazari Jamal A. , Herremans Irene M. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeIn the intellectual capital (IC) literature, only a few studies have analyzed the relationships among the components of IC and organizational success. This study sets out to extend the current models to provide further insight into the role of IC in organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study provides a theoretical discussion designed to push the measurement of IC into a more rigorous and comprehensive domain.FindingsAs this is a theoretical paper, several hypotheses are presented for testing in the future.Practical implicationsRecognizing the most influential elements of IC on organizational performance would help organizations to understand better the organizational capabilities they possess. In addition, the suggested extension would enable researchers to use archival resources to do cross‐company comparisons.Originality/valueThe suggested extension to the VAIC model builds on several IC models that have not been well‐connected in the literature previously.
Making sense of knowledge productivity: beta testing the KP‐ enhancer
Authors: Stam Christiaan D. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to report progress of the development of a method that makes sense of knowledge productivity, in order to be able to give direction to knowledge management initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThe development and testing of the method are based on the paradigm of design science. In order to increase the objectivity of the research findings, and in order to test the transferability of the method, this article suggests a methodology for beta testing.FindingsBased on experiences within this research, the concept of beta testing seems to fit design science research very well. Moreover, applying this concept within this research resulted in valuable findings for further development of the method.Originality/valueThis is the first article that explicitly applies the concept of beta testing to the process of developing solution concepts. This article contributes to the further operationalization of the relatively new concept of knowledge productivity. From a methodological point of view, this article aims to contribute to the paradigm of design sciences in general, and the concept of beta testing in particular.
How does human capital affect the performance of small and mid‐cap mutual funds?
Authors: Switzer Lorne N. , Huang Yanfen 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThis study sets out to examine whether small and mid‐cap fund performance is related to fund manager human capital characteristics including tenure, investment experience, education (MBA designation), professional training (CFA), and gender.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 1,004 small and mid‐cap equity funds identified on the Morningstar database as of 31 December 2005, several statistical tests were applied which consider fund performance, risk, expenses, and turnover simultaneously.FindingsDepending on the benchmark, an optimal size of managed mutual funds is determined that ranges between $US1.43 billion and $US3.89 billion.Originality/valueThe results suggest that there are some systematic cross‐sectional differences in fund performance that can be attributed to differences in managerial human capital characteristics.
A comparative analysis of mission statement content in secular and faith‐based hospitals
Authors: Bart Chris 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to determine whether significant differences exist between secular and faith‐based hospitals in terms of specific mission statement components and mission‐related performance variables.Design/methodology/approachA total of 130 top managers from a sample of 515 Canadian hospitals responded to a comprehensive questionnaire investigating 23 mission statement components and seven mission performance outcome measures. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, one‐way analysis of variance, MANOVA, chi‐squared and Mann‐Whitney U tests.FindingsThe analysis showed that differences in mission content exist between different types of hospitals, and that these differences form a pattern of sorts within each type. It was also found that faith‐based hospitals out‐perform their secular counterparts in many ways.Research limitations/implicationsThe research and its findings are limited in their application to relatively large Canadian health care organizations and the responses/opinions given by managers from a hospital's senior echelons.Practical implicationsThe results have implications for all health care organizations interested in improving the results in their mission performance scorecard. The findings both confirm the impact that mission statements can have on selected hospital performance indicators and demonstrate that faith‐based hospitals have been more diligent in taking advantage of them.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to show that specific and significant differences exist between the mission statements of secular and faith‐based hospitals and that those differences are associated with hospital performance. These findings will be of special interest to senior hospital administrators and “directors of mission” within faith‐based institutions.
Intellectual capital management in Spanish universities
Authors: Ramírez Yolanda , Lorduy Carmen , Rojas José Antonio 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide assistance to universities in the process of developing their ability to identify, measure, manage and value their intangible assets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a review of the most important intellectual capital management initiatives at Spanish public universities.FindingsThe experience gained from the case studies provides a basis for understanding how Spanish universities are measuring and managing their intellectual capital.Research limitations/implicationsDespite its importance, intellectual capital at universities is scarcely dealt with in a specific manner. Up to now, only a few universities have taken the challenge of trying to measure, manage and report on intangible assets.Practical implicationsThis study offers a perspective on how Spanish universities deal with their intellectual capital. In this sense, the first step would be the definition and diffusion of the organisation's strategic objectives. Then, critical intangibles related to these objectives should be identified and the causal network of relationships among them should be established. Afterwards, a set of indicators is defined and developed for each intangible.Originality/valueThis paper shows the importance of intellectual capital approaches as instruments to face the new challenges in Spanish universities. It offers practical help to universities to develop means to identify, measure, manage and value their intangible assets.
Acute medical assessment/admission units: clinical performance indicators
Authors: Thomas Peter , Makinde K. , Watkins A. , Gupta A. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the patterns of referral, reasons for admission or discharge from acute medical assessment/admission units (AMAUs) and the reasons for longer length of stay.Design/methodology/approachDetails relating to consecutive patients were noted on a proforma by medical and nursing staff and were recorded over a three‐month period in 1638 patients. These included evidence of chronicity of disease, level of independence and recent contact with primary care services.FindingsAge is an important factor in deciding admission or discharge. There is evidence that an opportunity for early intervention, to prevent admission, exists in a significant proportion of patients.Practical implicationsThere is a need to develop a more integrated health care system to provide a more co‐ordinated approach to acute medical patients needs, keeping people in their own homes whenever possible.Originality/valueThe increasing number of acute medical admissions provides a challenge throughout the UK. This paper delineates the problem in a typical District General Hospital (DGH) and discusses approaches to decrease admission whilst improving patient care.
The cataract service satisfaction tool
Authors: Karthikeyan Mallika , Dahlmann‐Noor Annegret H. , Gupta Nitin , Vivian Anthony J. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeClient satisfaction is an important outcome measure of healthcare services. The aims of the present work are to develop a tool to assess client satisfaction with the components of streamlined cataract services and to conduct a pilot study to evaluate its reliability and validity.Design/methodology/approachA validated patient satisfaction questionnaire was modified for use in a cataract service and validated by expert panel and patient focus group approach. Two versions were used to evaluate pre‐operative assessment clinic and day surgical unit. The questionnaires comprised items covering individual domains of client satisfaction plus one global satisfaction item. Together with a visual analogue scale (VAS) the questionnaires were administered to 200 consecutive cataract patients.FindingsThe questionnaires were returned by 165 patients (82.5 per cent). Median individual item and global scores in the pre‐operative group were 87 and 100 per cent, respectively. In the day‐of‐surgery group median scores were 91 and 100 per cent, respectively. Mean VAS scores were 95.5 per cent (SD 5.6) and 94.5 per cent (SD 6.4), respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.768 for the pre‐operative and 0.636 for the day‐of‐surgery questionnaire. Spearman's correlation coefficient between individual item score and the VAS score was 0.350 (p=0.005) for the pre‐operative and 0.302 (p=0.028) for the day‐of‐surgery questionnaire. Spearman's correlation coefficient between individual item score and the global satisfaction score was 0.566 (p<0.001) for the pre‐operative and 0.317 (p=0.004) for the day‐of‐surgery questionnaire.Originality/valueThe questionnaire appears to be a useful tool for measuring client satisfaction with a one‐stop cataract pre‐assessment service where surgery is performed at a second visit, which other cataract service providers might adapt for local use.
Clinicians' and managers' responses to patients' complaints
Authors: Natangelo Roberto 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the analysis of complaints lodged by patients and how the complainants' letters are handled by health boards and clinicians.Design/methodology/approachA retrospective analysis of patients' complaints lodged with an independent voluntary citizens' association in Milan and, at the same time, against the hospital administration offices or the consultants and responses returned by the hospitals in reply to the patients. The authors assessed: the reasons for the complaints according to the citizen; the nature of the complaint according to a medical expert revue; and the handling of the complaint process by managers.FindingsFor 83 of 151 people (55 per cent), the reason was compensation for injury or pain. According to the medical review, in 54 cases (35.7 per cent), the main themes emerging were mainly “perceived” poor quality of care. Together, or alone, were problems of “technical” quality of care. A total of 94 complaints (62.2 per cent) had been dealt with by the Health Boards, but 48 cases (31.7 per cent) were dealt with by the legal office or the insurance company who replied without showing evidence that they had discussed events with clinicians. Many times the managers did not undertake a systematic investigation, leaving complainants dissatisfied with the process and the outcome.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to report the results of an assessment process of complaints lodged via an independent citizens' association in Italy.
Why hedge? Rationales for corporate hedging and value implications
Authors: Aretz Kevin , Bartram Söhnke M. , Dufey Gunter 
Published: October 2007

PurposeIn the presence of capital market imperfections, risk management at the enterprise level is apt to increase the firm's value to shareholders by reducing costs associated with agency conflicts, external financing, financial distress, and taxes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an accessible and comprehensive account of these rationales for corporate risk management and to give a short overview of the empirical support found in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the main theories suggesting that corporate risk management can enhance shareholder value and briefly reviews the empirical evidence on these theories.FindingsWhen there are imperfections in capital markets, corporate hedging can enhance shareholder value through its impact on agency costs, costly external financing, direct and indirect costs of bankruptcy, as well as taxes. More specifically, corporate hedging can alleviate underinvestment and asset substitution problems by reducing the volatility of cash flows, and it can accommodate the risk aversion of undiversified managers and increase the effectiveness of managerial incentive structures through eliminating unsystematic risk. Lower volatility of cash flows also leads to lower bankruptcy costs. Moreover, corporate hedging can also align the availability of internal resources with the need for investment funds, helping firms to avoid costly external financing. Finally, corporate risk management can reduce the corporate tax burden in the presence of convex tax schedules. While there is empirical support for these rationales of hedging at the firm level, the evidence is only modestly supportive, suggesting alternative explanations.Originality/valueThe discussed theories and the empirical evidence are described in an accessible way, in part by using numerical examples.
Prediction of bank failures in emerging financial markets: an ANN approach
Authors: Nur Ozkan‐Gunay E. , Ozkan Mehmed 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe recent financial crises in the world have brought attention to the need for a new international financial architecture which rests on crisis prevention, crisis prediction and crisis management. It is therefore both desirable and vital to explore new predictive techniques for providing early warnings to regulatory agencies. The purpose of this study is to propose a new technique to prevent future crises, with reference to the last banking crises in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachANN is utilized as an inductive algorithm in discovering predictive knowledge structures in financial data and used to explain previous bank failures in the Turkish banking sector as a special case of EFMs (emerging financial markets).FindingsThe empirical results indicate that ANN is proved to differentiate patterns or trends in financial data. Most of the bank failures could be predicted long before, with the utilization of an ANN classification approach, but more importantly it could be proposed to detect early warning signals of potential failures, as in the case of the Turkish banking sector.Practical implicationsThe regulatory agencies could use ANN as an alternative method to predict and prevent future systemic banking crises in order to minimize the cost to the economy.Originality/valueThis paper reveals that the ANN approach can be proposed as a promising method of evaluating financial conditions in terms of predictive accuracy, adaptability and robustness, and as an alternative early warning method that can be used along with the most common alternatives such as CAMEL, financial ratio and peer group analysis, comprehensive bank risk assessment, and econometric models.
A generalized ROC approach for the validation of credit rating systems and scorecards
Authors: Xanthopoulos Stylianos Z. , Nakas Christos T. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to introduce Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surfaces and hyper‐surfaces within a banking context as natural generalizations of the ROC curve.Design/methodology/approachNonparametric ROC analysis using U‐statistics theory was used.FindingsApplication of the proposed methodology on data from a small size Greek bank illustrates the usefulness of ROC analysis for scoring systems assessment. The area under the ROC curve and the volume under the ROC surface and hyper‐surface are useful diagnostic indices for the assessment of credit rating systems and scorecards. The notion of statistical significance is not adequate for the evaluation of the loan granting strategy of a financial institution.Originality/valueThis article will be of value to financial institutions during the process of evaluation/validation of rating models.
Impacts of interval measurement on studies of economic variability
Authors: He Ling T. , Hu Chenyi 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of interval measured data, rather than traditional point data, on economic variability studies.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses interval measured data to forecast the variability of future stock market changes. The variability (interval) forecasts are then compared with point data‐based confidence interval forecasts.FindingsUsing interval measured data in stock market variability forecasting can significantly increase forecasting accuracy, compared with using traditional point data.Originality/valueAn interval forecast for stock prices essentially consists of predicted levels and a predicted variability which can reduce perceived uncertainty or risk embedded in future investments, and therefore, may influence required returns and capital asset prices.
Outsourcing contracts as instruments of risk management
Authors: Ngwenyama Ojelanki K. , Sullivan William E. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to examine contracts in public jurisdictions to compare academic theories related to outsourcing risks and risk management strategies to current practice in order to extend and refine theory concerning what risk management strategies can, or should, be included in outsourcing contracts.Design/methodology/approachAn automated content analysis tool is used to rigorously compare contract documents in two public jurisdictions to a comprehensive outsourcing risk framework from previous research.FindingsThe findings indicate that although IS outsourcing risk factors are widely acknowledged in the literature, they are not fully specified in the outsourcing contracts that are implemented in some public organizations. This research surfaces some of the differences in the techniques implemented through actual contracts to manage the risks inherent in IS outsourcing, including some strategies not previously identified in the literature. Also, not all risks need to be addressed in the contract to have a successful outsourcing engagement.Practical implicationsThe improved framework for thinking about risk management strategies in the contracting process shown within the paper can provide important ideas and insights for managers contemplating or renewing outsourcing engagements.Originality/valueThis paper uses content analysis to rigorously compare academic theory to actual practice to extend theory. Specifically, it discovers several risk management strategies that have not been presented in previous research.