bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milling performance in desi‐type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): effects of genotype, environment and seed size
Authors: Wood Jennifer A , Knights Edmund J , Harden Steven 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Commercial experience suggests that desi chickpea cultivars vary in their milling quality. However, the relative effects of cultivar, growing environment and their interaction are unknown. This study examined the Australian pulse quality method for its effectiveness in comparing the milling quality of breeding lines. The main aims were (1) to determine if there were significant genotypic differences, (2) to quantify the effects of trial, testa content and seed size and (3) to determine if any of the milling quality or seed parameters were correlated. This information would then be used to improve the reliability and efficiency of testing breeding lines.RESULTS: Large genotypic differences were observed for the milling parameters dehulling efficiency (DE) and splitting yield (SY). The range was greater for SY (16.6%) than for DE (5.8%). Genotype × Trial interactions were significant for DE and SY, while genotype rankings were generally consistent between trials. Seed size and testa content were not significantly associated with either DE or SY. Environmental stresses that affected yield did not appear to influence milling results.CONCLUSION: The methodology used in this study was able to measure genotypic differences in milling quality. The results suggest that an efficient protocol for testing milling quality of chickpea genotypes would include analysis of at least two sites early in the breeding programme to discard very‐low‐SY genotypes, and further testing in subsequent years including at least one other site to identify high‐SY genotypes if desired. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Validated liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of allicin in garlic powder and tablets
Authors: de Diego Marta , Avello Marcia , Mennickent Sigrid , Fernández Marcos , Fernández Pola 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn the present study, an RP high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of allicin in garlic powder and tablets. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an RP‐18e column (125 mm×4 mm), using a mobile phase, consisting of methanol–water (50:50 v/v), at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and UV detection at 220 nm. Ethylparaben was used as the internal standard. The assay was linear for allicin concentrations of 5.0–60.0 μg/mL. The RSD for precision was <6.14%. The accuracy was above 89.11%. The detection and quantification limits were 0.27 and 0.81 μg/mL, respectively. This method was used to quantify allicin in garlic powder samples. The results showed that the method described here is useful for the determination of allicin in garlic powder and tablets.
Development and validation of an HPLC confirmatory method for residue analysis of ten quinolones in tissues of various food‐producing animals, according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC
Authors: Christodoulou Eleni A. , Samanidou Victoria F. , Papadoyannis Ioannis N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ten quinolones: enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, and flumequine, in various tissues of food‐producing animals. Separation was achieved on a PerfectSil® Target column (250 mm×4 mm, ODS‐3, 5 μm), by MZ‐Analysentechnik (Germany), at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% TFA–CH3OH–CH3CN and was delivered by a gradient program of 35 min. The detection and quantitation was performed on a photodiode array detector at 275 and 255 nm. Caffeine (7.5 ng/μL) was used as the internal standard (IS). Analytes were isolated from tissue samples by 0.1% methanolic TFA solution. SPE, using LiChrolut RP‐18 cartridges, was applied for further purification. The extraction protocol was optimized and the final recoveries varied between 92.0 and 107.4%. The method was fully validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Limits of quantitation for the examined quinolones extracted from each tissue were much lower than the respective Maximum Residue Levels, ranging between 30 and 50 μg/kg for bovine tissue, between 30 and 55 μg/kg for ovine tissue, and between 40 and 50 μg/kg for porcine tissue.
Gel‐free sample preparation for the nanoscale LC‐MS/MS analysis and identification of low‐nanogram protein samples
Authors: Gaspari Marco , Abbonante Vittorio , Cuda Giovanni 
Published: August 2007

AbstractProtein identification at the low nanogram level could in principle be obtained by most nanoscale LC‐MS/MS systems. Nevertheless, the complex sample preparation procedures generally required in biological applications, and the consequent high risk of sample losses, very often hamper practical achievement of such low levels. In fact, the minimal amount of protein required for the identification from a gel band or spot, in general, largely exceeds the theoretical limit of identification reachable by nanoscale LC‐MS/MS systems. A method for the identification of low levels of purified proteins, allowing limits of identification down to 1 ng when using standard bore, 75 μm id nanoscale LC‐MS/MS systems is here reported. The method comprises an offline two‐step sample cleanup, subsequent to protein digestion, which is designed to minimize sample losses, allows high flexibility in the choice of digestion conditions and delivers a highly purified peptide mixture even from “real world” digestion conditions, thus allowing the subsequent nanoscale LC‐MS/MS analysis to be performed in automated, unattended operation for long series. The method can be applied to the characterization of low levels of affinity purified proteins.
Large vertex symmetric digraphs
Authors: Gómez J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe study the problem of finding large vertex symmetric digraphs with given degree Δ and diameter D. This problem is also called the	(Δ,D)‐problem or the degree/diameter problem for vertex symmetric digraphs. It consists of finding vertex symmetric digraphs with the order as large as possible for a given degree and diameter. This paper proposes a new general family of large vertex symmetric digraphs. This new family has order

and provides the best values for asymptotic values of the degree and diameter in general. Moreover, the presented family also provides a large number of new values in the table of the largest known vertex symmetric (Δ,D)‐digraphs. Furthermore, the new family is used to obtain new large vertex symmetric digraphs by means of known compounding techniques. Finally, the table of the largest known vertex symmetric digraphs is provided, where most of the entries correspond to the work presented in this article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 50(4), 241–250 2007
The one‐commodity pickup‐and‐delivery traveling salesman problem: Inequalities and algorithms
Authors: Hernández‐Pérez Hipólito , Salazar‐González Juan‐José 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article concerns the “One‐commodity Pickup‐and‐Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem” (1‐PDTSP), in which a single vehicle of fixed capacity must either pick up or deliver known amounts of a single commodity to a given list of customers. It is assumed that the product collected from the pickup customers can be supplied to the delivery customers, and that the initial load of the vehicle leaving the depot can be any quantity. The problem is to find a minimum‐cost sequence of the customers in such a way that the vehicle's capacity is never exceeded. This article points out a close connection between the 1‐PDTSP and the classical “Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem” (CVRP), and it presents new inequalities for the 1‐PDTSP adapted from recent inequalities for the CVRP. These inequalities have been implemented in a branch‐and‐cut framework to solve to optimality the 1‐PDTSP that outperforms a previous algorithm (Hernández‐Pérez and Salazar‐González, Discrete Appl Math 145 (2004), 126–139). Larger instances (with up to 100 customers) are now solved to optimality. The classical “Traveling Salesman Problem with Pickups and Deliveries” (TSPPD) is a particular case of the 1‐PDTSP, and this observation gives an additional motivation for this article. The here‐proposed algorithm for the 1‐PDTSP was able to solve to optimality TSPPD instances with up to 260 customers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 50(4), 258–272 2007
Butadiene–isoprene copolymerization with V(acac)3‐MAO. Crystalline and amorphous trans‐1,4 copolymers
Authors: Ricci Giovanni , Zetta Lucia , Alberti Enrica , Motta Tiziano , Canetti Maurizio , Bertini Fabio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractButadiene‐isoprene copolymerization with the system V(acac)3‐MAO was examined. Crystalline or amorphous copolymers were obtained depending on isoprene content. Both butadiene and isoprene units exhibit a trans‐1,4 structure and are statistically distributed along the polymer chain. Polymer microstructure, comonomer composition, and distribution along the polymer chain were determined by 13C and 1H NMR analysis. The thermal and X‐ray behaviors of the copolymers were also investigated and compared with results from solid‐state 13C NMR experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4635–4646, 2007
Thermoelectric properties of p‐type higher manganese silicide films prepared by solid phase reaction and reactive deposition
Authors: Hou Q. R. , Zhao W. , Chen Y. B. , Liang D. , Feng X. , Zhang H. Y. , He Y. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHigher manganese silicide (MnSi1.7) films are prepared on silicon and thermally oxidized silicon substrates by reactive deposition and solid phase reaction. By co‐evaporation of manganese and silicon atoms on silicon substrate at about 400 °C, a sharp film‐substrate interface is obtained. For preparation of the films on thermally oxidized silicon substrates by solid phase reaction, the oxygen level in the films is found to be dependent on the deposition rate of silicon. The oxygen and manganese atoms accumulate at the silicide‐Si interface and film‐SiO2 interface, respectively. The sign of the Seebeck coefficient is positive in the temperature range 300 K to 773 K, indicating the p‐type conductivity of the films. The Seebeck coefficient increases with increasing temperature from 294 K to 483 K and is weakly temperature dependent above 483 K. The resistivity increases with temperature near room temperature, reaches a maximum value at about 383 K, and then decreases with further increase of the temperature. The Seebeck coefficient and resistivity at room temperature are about 114 μV/K and 7.37 × 10–3 Ω cm, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of growth temperature of AlGaN buffer layer on the properties of Al0.58Ga0.42N epilayer by NH3‐MBE
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Xiaoliang , Wang Baozhu , Xiao Hongling , Liu Hongxin , Wang Junxi , Zeng Yiping , Li Jinmin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAl0.58Ga0.42N epilayers are grown by ammonia gas source molecular beam epitaxy (NH3‐MBE) on (0001) sapphire substrate using AlGaN buffer layer. The effects of the buffer layer growth temperature on the properties of Al0.58Ga0.42N epilayer are especially investigated. In‐situ high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED), double‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (DCXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoconductivity measurement and cathodoluminescence (CL) are used to characterize the samples. It is found that high growth temperature of AlGaN buffer layer would improve the crystalline quality, surface smoothness, optical quality and uniformity of the Al0.58Ga0.42N epilayer. The likely reason for such improvements is also suggested. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetotransport of holes through an AlAs/GaAs/AlAs resonant tunnelling quantum well with a ferromagnetic Ga1–xMnx As emitter
Authors: Holmberg H. , Lebedeva N. , Novikov S. , Mattila M. , Kuivalainen P. , Du G. , Han X. , Malfait M. , Moshchalkov V. V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have fabricated magnetic III–V compound semiconductor resonant tunnelling diodes (RTD's) based on a (Ga, Mn)As material system. The RTD's contain a ferromagnetic Mn‐doped emitter, where the Mn‐concentration was chosen on both sides of the metal–insulator (M–I) transition. The measured I –V characteristics show that large magnetoresistance (MR) is not present in non‐magnetic RTD's without the Mn‐doping. In the case of the metallic emitter the observed positive MR is interpreted as an evidence of the magnetization‐dependent tunnelling related to the exchange interaction between the hole spins and the localised spins of the 3d electrons in the ferromagnetic (Ga, Mn)As layer. Especially, the contributions from the spin‐dependent tunnelling described by the Tsu–Esaki model and from the tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance, which was found recently in magnetic tunnel diodes, are discussed. The measured large MR in the I –V characteristics of the magnetic RTD's, which have an emitter on the semiconducting side of the M–I transition, is explained by a simple series resistance model for the magnetic emitter, where the conduction in the Anderson localized states below the mobility edge becomes magnetic field‐dependent due to the Mn‐doping. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deep‐level luminescence at 1.93 eV in GaN prepared by ammonothermal growth
Authors: Fujii Katsushi , Fujimoto Gakuyo , Goto Takenari , Yao Takafumi , Hoshino Naruhiro , Kagamitani Yuji , Ehrentraut Dirk , Fukuda Tsuguo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDeep‐level luminescence at 1.93 eV (red luminescence) was observed from GaN grown by the acidic ammonothermal method. Typical deep emission at 2.2 eV (yellow luminescence) was not observed. The intensity decreased linearly with increasing temperature, which is different from the red and yellow luminescence reported thus far. The time decay of the luminescence appeared partially exponential, i.e. with the both possibilities of a simple two‐level transition and donor–acceptor pairs. The origin of the red luminescence is probably different from the previously reported one [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 061301 (2005)]. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hole and electron wave functions in self‐assembled InAs quantum dots: a comparison [phys. stat. sol. (b) 243, No. 15, 3942–3945 (2006)]
Authors: Reuter D. , Kailuweit P. , Roescu R. , Wieck A. D. , Wibbelhoff O. S. , Lorke A. , Zeitler U. , Maan J. C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe assignment of the crystallographic axes for the hole momentum‐space wave function maps shown in Fig. 2 of Reuter et al., phys. stat. sol. (b) 243, 3942 (2006) has been corrected. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical study on the partial potential energy surface and formation mechanism of the reactive resonance state of HO + CH4 → H2O + CH3 system
Authors: Lu Xi , Wang Huayang , Cai Zhengting , Feng Dacheng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the course of an extensive investigation aimed at understanding the detailed mechanism of a prototypical polyatomic reaction, several remarkable observations were uncovered. To interpret these findings, we surmise the existence of a reactive resonance in this polyatomic reaction. The concerned system is HO + CH4 → H2O + CH3, of which the partial potential energy surface is constructed by the coupling between vibrational models and reactive coordinates. Then we explain the formation mechanism of the reactive resonance state by the partial potential energy surface. Finally, we estimated the lifetime of the resonance state, and it is about 45fs. The study of the reactive resonance in a polyatomic reaction is more than just an extension from a typical atom + diatom reaction. As shown here, it holds great promise to disentangle the elusive intramolecular vibrational dynamics of the transient collision complex in the critical transition‐state region. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Comparison of MesoHABSIM with two microhabitat models (PHABSIM and HARPHA)
Authors: Parasiewicz P. , Walker J. D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study demonstrates how using different habitat models can influence the results of instream habitat assessment and conclusions for river management. We used three models for a portion of the Quinebaug River (Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA): a simplistic microhabitat model with univariate habitat‐use criteria and substrate‐based channel index (the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM)); a microhabitat model using multivariate criteria including a wide range of cover attributes (HARPHA); and a mesohabitat model with multivariate habitat‐suitability criteria (MesoHABSIM). The flow‐habitat rating curves produced by each model were compared at two scales: site and study segment. To investigate the impact of model choice on answering questions such as which location or flow provides more habitat, we applied Spearman's correlation of ranks. The relationship between habitat‐suitability predictions and fish presence at the same location was investigated with dedicated fish observations. The study showed that: (1) of the tested models, only MesoHABSIM predictions correlated with fish observations; (2) the variation within microscale models (PHABSIM and HARPHA) was greater than between micro‐and mesoscale models (HARPHA and MesoHABSIM); and (3) simple univariate habitat‐use criteria provided the largest source of discrepancies among the models. We suggest that these differences may lead to erroneous conclusions, especially if flow‐habitat rating curve analysis is considered an endpoint of instream flow study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using MesoHABSIM to develop reference habitat template and ecological management scenarios
Authors: Parasiewicz Piotr 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn important goal in the development of the MesoHABSIM model is its integration into river management frameworks. Here I explain how the model can be used as a backbone for ecological management planning at the catchment scale, and how it may serve in establishing rehabilitation end‐points. Next, I merge the MesoHABSIM model with the target fish community (TFC) approach to develop target habitat conditions and make recommendations for their achievement. By observing the frequency, magnitude and duration of extreme habitat events occurring under natural conditions, one can estimate the critical habitat values and limiting habitat factors leading to environmental stress. This creates a foundation for the developing dynamic flow/habitat augmentation schemes to help prevent human‐induced pulse and press disturbance at the intra‐ and inter‐annual scale. The rules are seasonal and use ‘habitat’ as an ultimate metric rather than flow alone. The final recommendations identify locations with high restoration potential and conservation needs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian predictive two‐stage design for phase II clinical trials
Authors: Sambucini Valeria 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a Bayesian two‐stage design for phase II clinical trials, which represents a predictive version of the single threshold design (STD) recently introduced by Tan and Machin. The STD two‐stage sample sizes are determined specifying a minimum threshold for the posterior probability that the true response rate exceeds a pre‐specified target value and assuming that the observed response rate is slightly higher than the target. Unlike the STD, we do not refer to a fixed experimental outcome, but take into account the uncertainty about future data. In both stages, the design aims to control the probability of getting a large posterior probability that the true response rate exceeds the target value. Such a probability is expressed in terms of prior predictive distributions of the data. The performance of the design is based on the distinction between analysis and design priors, recently introduced in the literature. The properties of the method are studied when all the design parameters vary. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zertifizierung von Offshore‐Windparks – Erste Erfahrungen
Authors: Faber Torsten , Klose Marcus 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDie Planung und Errichtung von Offshore‐Windparks ist ein komplexes Aufgabenfeld, an dem eine Vielzahl von Beteiligten aus unterschiedlichen Fachbereichen über mehrere Jahre mitwirkt. Die Errichtungskosten für diese Projekte können im dreistelligen Millionenbereich liegen. Begleitet wird der Prozess im Rahmen der Zertifizierung durch unabhängige Sachverständigenorganisationen wie den Germanischer Lloyd (GL), die ihre Erfahrungen aus der Meerestechnik und den zahlreichen Windparks an Land einbringen, um so die Sicherheit und das “Vieraugenprinzip” zu wahren. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die grundsätzlichen Aspekte der Zertifizierung von Offshore‐Windparks und gibt anhand einiger Beispiele ausgeführter Projekte im europäischen Ausland Einblicke in die Problemstellungen, die sich aus der komplexen Wechselwirkung zwischen Einwirkungen, Tragstruktur und Anlagenverhalten ergeben. Komplettiert wird der Artikel durch Erfahrungen aus Forschungsergebnissen zum Thema Korrosionsschutz und dem Betrieb der Forschungsplattform FINO 1.
Ermüdungsbeanspruchung aus Seegang bei aufgelösten Offshore‐Tragstrukturen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Böker Cord 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird auf Besonderheiten bei der Berechnung und Auslegung von Offshore‐Tragstrukturen in aufgelöster Bauweise (Jackets) eingegangen, wie sie in den letzten Jahren für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen geplant und gebaut wurden. Zu den Besonderheiten zählen die Sensitivität dieser Tragstrukturen auf die Richtungsverteilung der Wellen in Kurzzeitseegangszuständen sowie die Knotennachgiebigkeiten, die einen Einfluss auf das Gesamttragverhalten und damit auf die Ermüdungsbeanspruchung der Tragstrukturen haben. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich durch die Berücksichtigung dieser beiden Effekte die Ermüdungsbeanspruchung einiger Tragstrukturdetails signifikant reduzieren lässt.
Reduktion der Wanddicken bei Tragtürmen von Windenergieanlagen durch den Einsatz höherfester Stähle
Authors: Ummenhofer Thomas , Weich Imke , Bergers Jennifer , Herion Stefan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBei der Bemessung von Windenergieanlagen wird der Nachweis der Ermüdungsfestigkeit kritischer Kerbdetails, insbesondere von Schweißnähten, maßgebend. Da die in den anzuwendenden Regelwerken aufgeführten Kerbklassen der Schweißnahtdetails unabhängig von der Streckgrenze des Werkstoffs gelten, ist hier der Einsatz höherfester Stähle unwirtschaftlich. Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren können die Ermüdungsfestigkeit und damit die Lebensdauer dieser Kerbdetails jedoch deutlich erhöhen. Neue Untersuchungen mit Hochfrequenzhämmerverfahren belegen, dass beim Werkstoff S 690 eine Verdopplung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit möglich ist. Am Beispiel einer Schweißverbindung einer Offshore‐Windenergieanlage wird gezeigt, dass bei Anwendung der untersuchten Verfahren bei Einsatz eines S 690 Q die erforderliche Blechdicke auf 45% reduziert werden kann.