bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Midlife Women's Reasons for Changing Healthcare Providers
Authors: Kennedy Holly Powell , Taylor Diana , Lee Kathryn A. 
Published: October 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the reasons midlife women report for changing healthcare providers and to determine if there were any differences in reasons given for the change based on gender or ethnicity.Data sourcesThis was an analysis of data collected from a healthy community‐based sample of midlife women as part of a longitudinal 5‐year study of changes in health outcomes during transition to menopause. Women were queried about their experience in changing healthcare providers.ConclusionsOver 42% indicated that they had changed health providers because of dissatisfaction with care. The component accounting for the majority of the variance was related to communication issues. There were no significant differences across ethnic groups in decision to change providers or in reasons for their dissatisfaction with care. However, their reports of experiencing racism in the healthcare system were troubling.Implications for practiceThe ability of the provider to communicate with women may have implications in women's choices in health care later in life.
Multiphase
Transport Phenomena in the Diffusion Zone of a PEM Fuel
Cell
Authors: Senn S.
M. , Poulikakos D. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
In this paper, a thorough model for the porous diffusion layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is presented that accounts for multicomponent species diffusion, transport and formation of liquid water, heat transfer, and electronic current transfer. The governing equations are written in nondimensional form to generalize the results. The set of partial differential equations is solved based on the finite volume method. The effect of downscaling of channel width, current collector rib width, and diffusion layer thickness on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is systematically investigated, and optimum geometric length ratios (i.e., optimum diffusion layer thicknesses, optimum channel, and rib widths) are identified at decreasing length scales. A performance number is introduced to quantify losses attributed to mass transfer, the presence of liquid water, charge transfer, and heat transfer. Based on this model it is found that microchannels (e.g., as part of a tree network channel system in a double-staircase PEM fuel cell) together with diffusion layers that are thinner than conventional layers can provide substantially improved current densities compared to conventional channels with diameters on the order of 1 mm, since the transport processes occur at reduced length scales. Possible performance improvements of 29, 53, and 96 % are reported.
Condensation on a Horizontal Wire-Wrapped Tube
Authors: Murase Takahiro , Briggs Adrian , Wang Hua Sheng , Rose John W. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Measurements for film condensation of steam, R113 and ethylene glycol on a horizontal wire-wrapped tube are reported. All measurements were made at near atmospheric vapor pressure and with coolant at around 20°C. Care was taken to avoid error due to the presence of air in the vapor. Complete wetting (film condensation) was observed in all cases. Wire diameter and pitch of winding were systematically varied and heat-transfer measurements made for a range of coolant flow rates. Data, in the form of heat flux and vapor-to-surface temperature difference, are presented. These were used to determine enhancement ratios (ratio of heat flux or heat-transfer coefficient for a wire-wrapped tube to the corresponding value for a plain tube at the same vapor-to-surface temperature difference). Enhancement ratios exceeding 3 for R113 and 2 for steam and ethylene glycol were obtained. The results are discussed in the light of earlier measurements and theory.
A FEW HOMOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF COMPACT SEMISIMPLE RINGS
Authors: ALB ALINA , URSUL MIHAIL 
Published: October 2005

Fix any compact ring R with identity. We associate to R the following categories of topological R-modules: (i) R𝔇 (𝔇R) the category of all discrete topological left (right) R-modules; (ii) Rℭ (ℭR) the category of all compact left (right) R-modules. We have introduced the following notions (analogous with classical notions of module theory): (i) the tensor product [Formula: see text] of A ∈ ℭR and B ∈Rℭ ([Formula: see text] has a structure of a compact Abelian group); (ii) a topologically semisimple module; (iii) a compact topologically flat module. We give a characterization of compact semisimple rings by using of flat modules.
Disilenyl Anions Derived from Reduction of Tetrakis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)disilene with Metal Naphthalenide through a Disilene Dianion Intermediate: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Inoue Shigeyoshi , Ichinohe Masaaki , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Tetrakis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)disilene (3) was treated with 2 equiv. of metal naphthalenide (M = Li, Na, and K) in THF to give the disilenyl anion by elimination of one tBu2MeSi group, through the intermediate formation of a disilene dianion upon two-electron reduction. The red crystals of sp2-type silyl anions were isolated as the corresponding alkali metal derivatives, which were characterized by NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography.
The Impact of Duplicate Orders on Demand Estimation and Capacity Investment
Authors: Armony Mor , Plambeck Erica L. 
Published: October 2005

Motivated by a $2.2 billion inventory write-off by Cisco Systems, we investigate how duplicate orders can lead a manufacturer to err in estimating the demand rate and customers’ sensitivity to delay, and to make faulty decisions about capacity investment. We consider a manufacturer that sells through two distributors. If a customer finds that his distributor is out of stock, then he will sometimes seek to make a purchase from the other distributor; if the latter is also out of stock, the customer will order from both distributors. When his order is filled by one of the distributors, the customer cancels any duplicate orders. Furthermore, the customer cancels all of his outstanding orders after a random period of time. Assuming that the manufacturer is unaware of duplicate orders, we prove that she will overestimate both the demand rate and the cancellation rate. Surprisingly, failure to account for duplicate orders can cause short-term underinvestment in capacity. However, in long-term equilibrium under stable demand conditions the manufacturer overinvests in capacity. Our results suggest that Cisco’s write-off was caused by estimation errors and cannot be blamed entirely on the economic downturn. Finally, we provide some guidance on estimation in the presence of double orders.
Two-Sided Network Effects: A Theory of Information Product Design
Authors: Parker Geoffrey G. , Van Alstyne Marshall W. 
Published: October 2005

How can firms profitably give away free products? This paper provides a novel answer and articulates trade-offs in a space of information product design. We introduce a formal model of two-sided network externalities based in textbook economics—a mix of Katz and Shapiro network effects, price discrimination, and product differentiation. Externality-based complements, however, exploit a different mechanism than either tying or lock-in even as they help to explain many recent strategies such as those of firms selling operating systems, Internet browsers, games, music, and video. The model presented here argues for three simple but useful results. First, even in the absence of competition, a firm can rationally invest in a product it intends to give away into perpetuity. Second, we identify distinct markets for content providers and end consumers and show that either can be a candidate for a free good. Third, product coupling across markets can increase consumer welfare even as it increases firm profits. The model also generates testable hypotheses on the size and direction of network effects while offering insights to regulators seeking to apply antitrust law to network markets.
Application of Rhodium Complexes of Chiral Diphenylphosphino‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Catalysts in Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Becht Jean‐Michel , Bappert Erhard , Helmchen Günter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Rh complex 1a of (S,S)‐1‐(2‐diphenylphosphanylnaphthalen‐1‐yl)‐3‐(2‐isopropylphenyl)‐4,5‐diphenylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene was found to promote enantioselective conjugate additions of arylboronic acids to enones and α,β‐unsaturated esters with up to 98% yield and>99% ee. Products of the latter reaction can be transformed into GABA antagonists.
Novel Chiral Diamino‐Oligothiophenes as Valuable Ligands in Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations. On the “Primary” Role of “Secondary” Interactions in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Albano Vincenzo Giulio , Bandini Marco , Melucci Manuela , Monari Magda , Piccinelli Fabio , Tommasi Simona , Umani‐Ronchi Achille 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new class of chiral C2‐symmetrical diamino‐oligothiophenes is described to be effective in catalyzing Pd‐mediated asymmetric allylic alkylations in a highly enantioselective manner. The combination of experimental as well as crystallographic evidence revealed the key role played by sulfur‐based heteroaromatic rings in the stereodiscriminating step of the procedure. In particular, unprecedented non‐covalent secondary interactions between the inner thiophene and the metal center proved to be essential to create the stereochemical environment necessary in order to guarantee excellent levels of chemical and optical yields.
Cross–Coupling Reactions of Allylic Alcohols in Water
Authors: Manabe Kei , Nakada Kenji , Aoyama Naohiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPalladium–catalyzed cross–coupling reactions of allylic alcohols and arylboronic acids in water are described. The reactions proceeded smoothly in water at reflux using catalytic amounts of [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 and PPh3. Addition of a catalytic amount of a base allowed the reaction to proceed even at lower temperatures.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched trans‐Fused Bicyclo[4.4.0]‐ dec‐3‐enes and Bicyclo[4.3.0]non‐3‐enes Bearing a 1,5‐Lactone Bridge
Authors: Özlügedik Mustafa , Ünaldi Seda , Wibbeling Birgit , Hoppe Dieter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe combination of (−)‐sparteine‐mediated lithiation of (2‐methyl‐cyclohex‐1‐enyl)methyl or (2‐butyl‐cyclopent‐1‐enyl)methyl carbamate and enantioselective homoaldol reaction with acrolein, transformation to a γ‐lactone, enolate allylation, followed by a ring‐closing olefin metathesis provides a facile entry to tricyclic lactones of type 7, bearing a 1,5‐lactone bridge.
Guanidine‐Thiourea Bifunctional Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Henry (Nitroaldol) Reaction
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Yuichi , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNovel bifunctional catalysts having guanidine and thiourea functional groups were developed for the asymmetric Henry (nitroaldol) reaction. Various structural developments of the catalyst revealed that the compound having an octadecyl‐substituted guanidine and thiourea groups linked with a chiral spacer derived from phenylalanine, i.e., 1e, efficiently promoted the Henry reaction. This bifunctional organocatalyst 1e also gave high asymmetric inductions with aliphatic cyclic aldehydes and branched aliphatic aldehydes (82–90% ee).
Enantioselective Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters Using Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of γ‐Acetoxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Fukuda Tomoaki , Matsumoto Takayoshi , Hitomi Tsukasa , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have successfully demonstrated that γ‐acetoxy‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds are useful starting materials for Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation to construct all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. With the use of 2–5 mol % of Pd catalyst and 4–10 mol % of P‐chirogenic diaminophosphine oxides, asymmetric allylic alkylation of γ‐acetoxy‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds with various prochiral nucleophiles derived from cyclic β‐keto esters proceeded in the presence of Zn(OAc)2, providing the corresponding products with an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in up to 95% ee.
Enantioselective Heck‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by tropos‐Pd(II) Complex with Chiraphos Ligand
Authors: Akiyama Katsuhiro , Wakabayashi Kazuki , Mikami Koichi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Pd(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective organoboron‐mediated Heck‐type reaction is shown to proceed under molecular oxygen as an oxidant. The Pd(OAc)2/(S,S)‐chiraphos catalyst gives good yield and the best enantioselectivity. Among the two possible δ‐ and λ‐conformations in equilibrium, this reaction proceeds via the λ‐conformation of chiraphos with the two methyl groups in a diaxial orientation.
Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Aldehydes Mediated by (1R,2R)‐2‐(Dimethylamino)‐ 1,2‐diphenylethanol
Authors: Yamashita Mitsuaki , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric alkynylation of aldehydes with terminal alkynes was catalyzed by zinc triflate and (1R,2R)‐2‐(dimethylamino)‐1,2‐diphenylethanol in toluene to give the corresponding alcohols with high enantiomeric excess up to 98% in good yields.
Guanidine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Trimethylsilylcyanation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Kitani Yukari , Kumamoto Takuya , Isobe Toshio , Fukuda Keiko , Ishikawa Tsutomu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSeveral kinds of modified guanidines were applied to the trimethylsilylcyanation of 3‐phenylpropanal, cylohexanecarboxaldehyde, pivalaldehyde, and 4‐phenyl‐2‐butanone. Good to moderate enantioselectivity was obtained, even on a ketonic substrate, when a C2‐symmetrical bicyclic guanidine, (2S,3S,7S,8S)‐tetraphenyl‐1,4,8‐triaza[2.2.0]bicyclooct‐4‐ene, was used as a base catalyst.
Stereoselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Christoffers Jens , Baro Angelika 
Published: October 2005

AbstractQuaternary stereocenters are a particular challenge for stereoselective synthesis. With a central view on this specific structural issue, selected examples from the recent literature are highlighted in order to evaluate the state of the art of asymmetric CC bond formation. The review is divided into sections on addition and substitution reactions, rearrangements and cycloaddition reactions.
Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐allylpyrrolidines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboamination Reactions of γ‐(N‐Arylamino)alkenes with Vinyl Bromides
Authors: Ney Joshua E. , Hay Michael B. , Yang Qifei , Wolfe John P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed carboamination reaction of γ‐N‐arylamino alkenes with vinyl bromides that affords N‐aryl‐2‐allyl pyrrolidines is described. These reactions proceed with high diastereoselectivity for the formation of trans‐2,3‐ and cis‐2,5‐disubstituted pyrrolidines. Conditions for a tandem N‐arylation/carboamination sequence that leads to the formation of an N‐aryl‐2‐allyl pyrrolidine or indoline via the coupling of a primary γ‐amino alkene, an aryl bromide, and a vinyl bromide are also reported. The mechanism of the carboamination reactions and the origin of unexpected products that formally derive from rearrangement of the vinyl bromide are discussed.
Asymmetric Catalysis of Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of 5‐Aryl‐1‐diazo‐1‐mesitylsulfonyl‐5‐hexen‐2‐ones
Authors: Sawada Takashi , Nakada Masahisa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have examined the catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation (IMCP) reactions of 5‐aryl‐1‐diazo‐1‐mesitylsulfonyl‐5‐hexen‐2‐ones, and found that the substituent of the 5‐aryl group dramatically changes the enantioselectivity. That is, no enantioselectivity was observed when the substituent was a methoxy group; however, enantioselectivity was moderate when the substituent was a methylenedioxy group or a tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy group, and it dramatically increased when the substituent was lacking (96% ee) or a benzoyloxy group (93% ee).
Bidentate Ligands by Self‐Assembly through Hydrogen Bonding: A General Room Temperature/Ambient Pressure Regioselective Hydroformylation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Seiche Wolfgang , Schuschkowski Alexander , Breit Bernhard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe 6‐DPPon (1)/rhodium catalyst allows for the first time a room temperature/ambient pressure regioselective hydroformylation of terminal alkenes with low catalyst loadings in good activity. The generality of this catalyst under these conditions was demonstrated for a wide range of structurally diverse alkenes equipped with many important functional groups. Thus, this practical and highly selective hydroformylation protocol, which omits the need for special pressure equipment, should find wide application in organic synthesis.
Asymmetric Catalytic Reductive Coupling of 1,3‐Enynes and Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Miller Karen M. , Colby Elizabeth A. , Woodin Katrina S. , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of 1,3‐enynes and aromatic aldehydes efficiently afford conjugated dienols in excellent regioselectivity and modest enantioselectivity when conducted in the presence of catalytic amounts of a monodentate, P‐chiral ferrocenyl phosphine ligand. 1‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐substituted enynes are shown to be effective coupling partners in these reactions, and the dienol products thus formed readily undergo protiodesilylation under mild conditions.
Cationic Nickel Complexes with Weakly Coordinating Counterions and Their Application in the Asymmetric Cycloisomerisation of 1,6‐Dienes
Authors: Böing Christian , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe influence of the counterion on cationic nickel catalysts for asymmetric cycloisomerisation of diethyl diallylmalonate (1a) and N,N‐diallyltosylamide (1b) is investigated. The activity of the catalysts formed from [Ni(η3‐allyl)(η4‐cod)]+ salts of weakly coordinating anions in combination with Wilke's azaphospholene ligand decreases in the order [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−>[B{3,5‐(CF3)2‐C6H3}4]−>[Al{OC(CF3)2Ph}4]− for 1a and [B{3,5‐(CF3)2‐C6H3}4]−> [Al{OC(CF3)2Ph}4]−>[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− for 1b, respectively. No significant influence on the enantioselectivity is observed for 1a whereas a marked increase in ee parallel to a decreasing activity is found for the cyclisation of 1b.
The Direct, Enantioselective, One‐Pot, Three‐Component, Cross‐Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes: The Reason for the Higher Reactivity of Aldimine versus Aldehyde in Proline‐Mediated Mannich and Aldol Reactions
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Urushima Tatsuya , Shoji Mitsuru , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Shiina Isamu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn the proline‐mediated Mannich and aldol reactions of propanal as a nucleophile, the aldimine prepared from benzaldehyde and p‐anisidine is about 7 times more reactive than the corresponding aldehyde, benzaldehyde, as an electrophile. This higher reactivity of aldimine over aldehyde is attributed to the carboxylic acid of proline protonating the basic nitrogen atom of the aldimine more effectively than the oxygen atom of the aldehyde, an explanation which has been both experimentally and theoretically verified.
Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Construction of 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclopentane Compounds by Dirhodium(II) Tetrakis[N‐phthaloyl‐(S)‐tert‐leucinate]‐Catalyzed CH Insertion Reactions of α‐Diazo Esters
Authors: Minami Kazushi , Saito Hiroaki , Tsutsui Hideyuki , Nambu Hisanori , Anada Masahiro , Hashimoto Shunichi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective intramolecular CH insertion reaction of α‐diazo esters has been achieved with the use of dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N‐phthaloyl‐(S)‐tert‐leucinate] as a catalyst, providing exclusively cis‐2‐arylcyclopentane‐1‐carboxylates in up to 95% ee with no evidence of alkene formation.
Thiophenol‐Mediated 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Abstraction: Easy Access to Mono‐ and Bicyclic Compounds
Authors: Beaufils Florent , Dénès Fabrice , Becattini Barbara , Renaud Philippe , Schenk Kurt 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA thiophenol‐mediated method for cyclization of alkynes is described. The reaction cascade involves the intermolecular addition of a phenylthiyl radical to a terminal triple bond generating an alkenyl radical, followed by a 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer and a 5‐exo‐trig radical cyclization. This very efficient tin‐free procedure allows one to prepare highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives as well as fused bicyclic and spirocyclic compounds from easily available precursors. During this cyclization process, a phenylthio moiety is incorporated into the final cyclized products. This functionalization is particularly attractive for further transformation of the products.
Highly Enantioselective Aza‐Baylis–Hillman Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Raheem Izzat T. , Jacobsen Eric N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe report the discovery of asymmetric aza‐Baylis–Hillman (ABH) reactions of N‐p‐nitrobenzenesulfonylimines with methyl acrylate catalyzed by chiral thiourea derivatives. A series of aromatic imines was found to undergo coupling with methyl acrylate with unprecedented levels of enantioselectivity (87–99% ee), albeit only in modest (25–49%) yields. A DABCO‐acrylate‐imine adduct was isolated as a key intermediate in the ABH reaction. We provide a mechanistic analysis based on the identity of this intermediate as well as kinetic investigations and isotope studies, and propose a rationale for the observed limitations in yield. Synthetic applications of the ABH products are also described.
T‐Cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting as bilateral multinodular breast masses: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Vakiani Efsevia , Savage David G. , Pile‐Spellman Eliza , El‐Tamer Mahmoud , Singh Ila R. , Murty Vundavalli S. , Alobeid Bachir , Bhagat Govind 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma of T‐cell lineage involving the breast is rare. We report on a 41‐year‐old woman with T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma who presented with multiple bilateral breast masses. The patient was treated with intensive chemotherapy and mediastinal and whole‐brain irradiation. She remains in complete remission 24 months after diagnosis. The clinical, histologic, phenotypic, and cytogenetic features are described, with a review of the literature. Am. J. Hematol. 80:216–222, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.