bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the impact of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular mortality between normotensive and hypertensive individuals
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Maeda Ryo , Ozono Ryoji , Yoshimura Kenichi , Nakano Yukiko , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
We investigated the interrelationship between hyperglycemia and hypertension on cardiovascular mortality in the middle-aged and elderly people.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study that used data from the Hiroshima Study on Glucose Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, we included 16,564 participants without cardiovascular disease (mean age: 65.8 years; 6179 normoglycemic people, 3017 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and 7368 people with prediabetes per the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test). Hypertension was defined as the use of antihypertensive medications and/or having a systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg.

Results:
During a median follow-up period of 12.4 years, a total of 1513 cardiovascular death occurred. Cardiovascular death rates per 1000 participant-years were 4.01, 4.98, 8.33, 8.22, 8.81, and 11.1 among normotensive participants with normal glycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes and hypertensive participants with normal glycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively. Prediabetes was significantly associated with a high risk of cardiovascular mortality in normotensive individuals [hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.02–1.50] but not in hypertensive individuals. Type 2 diabetes was associated with a high risk of cardiovascular mortality in both normotensive (hazard ratio: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.55–2.43) and hypertensive individuals (hazard ratio: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13–1.62). Stratified analyses revealed no significant impact of type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive individuals aged at least 65 years.

Conclusion:
The effect of hyperglycemia on cardiovascular death differed with age and the presence or absence of hypertension, demonstrating the clinical importance of case-specific risk assessments.
Coordinated Same- or Next-Day Radiosurgery and Cochlear Implantation for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Macielak Robert J. , Dornhoffer James R. , Plitt Aaron R. , Neff Brian A. , Driscoll Colin L.W. , Carlson Matthew L. , Link Michael J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe the experience and results from coordinated and closely scheduled radiosurgery and cochlear implantation (CI) in a vestibular schwannoma (VS) cohort.

Patients
Patients with VS who underwent radiosurgery followed by CI on the same or next day.

Interventions
Interventions included sequential radiosurgery and CI.

Main Outcome Measures
Tumor control defined by tumor growth on posttreatment surveillance and audiometric outcomes including consonant-nucleus-consonant words and AzBio sentences in quiet.

Results
In total, six patients were identified that met the inclusion criteria, with an age range of 38 to 69 years and tumor sizes ranging from 2.0 to 16.3 mm. All patients successfully underwent radiosurgery and CI on the same or immediately successive day. Postoperatively, all patients obtained open-set speech recognition. Consonant-nucleus-consonant word scores ranged from 40 to 88% correct, and AzBio scores ranged from 44 to 94% correct. During posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging surveillance, which ranged from 12 to 68 months, all tumors were noted to be adequately visualized, and no tumor progression was noted.

Conclusion
Coordinated radiosurgery and CI can be safely performed in patients with VS on the same or next day, serving to decrease burden on patients and increase access to this vital rehabilitative strategy.
Reduced Channel Interaction Improves Timbre Recognition Under Vocoder Simulation of Cochlear Implant Processing
Authors: Yüksel Mustafa , Çiprut Ayça 
Published: March 2024

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the influence of the number of channels and channel interaction on timbre perception in cochlear implant (CI) processing. By utilizing vocoder simulations of CI processing, the effects of different numbers of channels and channel interaction were examined to assess their impact on timbre perception, an essential aspect of music and auditory performance.

Study Design, Setting, and Patients
Fourteen CI recipients, with at least 1 year of CI device use, and two groups (N = 16 and N = 19) of normal hearing (NH) participants completed a timbre recognition (TR) task. NH participants were divided into two groups, with each group being tested on different aspects of the study. The first group underwent testing with varying numbers of channels (8, 12, 16, and 20) to determine an ideal number that closely reflected the TR performance of CI recipients. Subsequently, the second group of NH participants participated in the assessment of channel interaction, utilizing the identified ideal number of 20 channels, with three conditions: low interaction (54 dB/octave), medium interaction (24 dB/octave), and high interaction (12 dB/octave). Statistical analyses, including repeated-measures analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons, were conducted to examine the effects.

Results
The number of channels did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect on TR in NH participants (p > 0.05). However, it was observed that the condition with 20 channels closely resembled the TR performance of CI recipients. In contrast, channel interaction exhibited a significant effect (p < 0.001) on TR. Both the low interaction (54 dB/octave) and high interaction (12 dB/octave) conditions differed significantly from the actual CI recipients' performance.

Conclusion
Timbre perception, a complex ability reliant on highly detailed spectral resolution, was not significantly influenced by the number of channels. However, channel interaction emerged as a significant factor affecting timbre perception. The differences observed under different channel interaction conditions suggest potential mechanisms, including reduced spectro-temporal resolution and degraded spectral cues. These findings highlight the importance of considering channel interaction and optimizing CI processing strategies to enhance music perception and overall auditory performance for CI recipients.
Measurement and estimation of energy in the critically ill
Authors: Kamel Amir Y. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Recent changes in guidelines recommendation during early phase of critical illness and use of indirect calorimetry. The aim of this review is to discuss methods of determining energy requirements in the critically ill and highlight factors impacting resting energy expenditure.

Recent finding
An appraisal of recent literature discussing indirect calorimetry guided-nutrition potential benefits or pitfalls. Recent attempts to devise strategy and pilot indirect calorimetry use in the critically ill patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are also discussed. Additionally, we briefly touched on variability between guidelines recommended energy target and measured energy expenditure for adult critically ill patients with obesity.

Summary
While energy requirement in the critically ill continues to be an area of controversy, recent guidelines recommendations shift toward providing less aggressive calories during acute phase of illness in the first week of ICU.
Use of indirect calorimetry may provide more accurate energy target compared to the use of predictive equations. Despite the absence of literature to support long term mortality benefits, there are many potential benefits for the use of indirect calorimetry when available.
Anticipating ICU discharge and long-term follow-up
Authors: Rosa Regis Goulart , Teixeira Cassiano , Piva Simone , Morandi Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to summarize recent literature findings on long-term outcomes following critical illness and to highlight potential strategies for preventing and managing health deterioration in survivors of critical care.

Recent findings
A substantial number of critical care survivors experience new or exacerbated impairments in their physical, cognitive or mental health, commonly named as postintensive care syndrome (PICS). Furthermore, those who survive critical illness often face an elevated risk of adverse outcomes in the months following their hospital stay, including infections, cardiovascular events, rehospitalizations and increased mortality. These findings underscore the need for effective prevention and management of long-term health deterioration in the critical care setting. While robust evidence from well designed randomized clinical trials is limited, potential interventions encompass sedation limitation, early mobilization, delirium prevention and family presence during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, as well as multicomponent transition programs (from ICU to ward, and from hospital to home) and specialized posthospital discharge follow-up.

Summary
In this review, we offer a concise overview of recent insights into the long-term outcomes of critical care survivors and advancements in the prevention and management of health deterioration after critical illness.
What's new in whole blood resuscitation? In the trauma bay and beyond
Authors: Coulthard Stacy L. , Kaplan Lewis J. , Cannon Jeremy W. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Transfusion therapy commonly supports patient care during life-threatening injury and critical illness. Herein we examine the recent resurgence of whole blood (WB) resuscitation for patients in hemorrhagic shock following trauma and other causes of severe bleeding.

Recent findings
A growing body of literature supports the use of various forms of WB for hemostatic resuscitation in military and civilian trauma practice. Different types of WB include warm fresh whole blood (FWB) principally used in the military and low titer O cold stored whole blood (LTOWB) used in a variety of military and civilian settings. Incorporating WB initial resuscitation alongside subsequent component therapy reduces aggregate blood product utilization and improves early mortality without adversely impacting intensive care unit length of stay or infection rate. Applications outside the trauma bay include prehospital WB and use in patients with nontraumatic hemorrhagic shock.

Summary
Whole blood may be transfused as FWB or LTOWB to support a hemostatic approach to hemorrhagic shock management. Although the bulk of WB resuscitation literature has appropriately focused on hemorrhagic shock following injury, extension to other etiologies of severe hemorrhage will benefit from focused inquiry to address cost, efficacy, approach, and patient-centered outcomes.
Challenges with medical tourism
Authors: Maltezou Helena C. , Pavli Androula 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
With the return of international travels to almost prepandemic levels, the number of patients who travel abroad to seek healthcare services is once again growing rapidly. Nevertheless, the expected benefits of medical tourism may be challenged by serious infectious complications. This review summarizes the evolving published evidence on infectious complications related with medical tourism of the last eighteen months.

Recent findings
There has been an increase of reported infectious complications in patients who had received healthcare abroad. Such complications were frequently associated with serious and prolonged morbidity, repeated treatments and hospitalizations, high healthcare costs, and occasionally fatalities. A devastating outbreak of fungal meningitis occurred among US residents who underwent epidural anesthesia for cosmetic surgery in two clinics in Mexico. Overall, as of July 5, 2023 there were 31 cases with severe cerebrovascular complications and eight deaths. Infections caused by nontuberculum mycobacteria and Candida sp have been also reported the last years.

Summary
Considering the expected expansion of medical tourism in the forthcoming years, public health authorities and scientific societies should raise awareness of such infections among physicians and other healthcare professionals and issue recommendations for their management. A system to report complications in patients receiving healthcare abroad is needed.
Effect of lateral wedge insole on medial meniscus extrusion and its association with knee osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Ishii Yosuke , Ishikawa Masakazu , Shimada Noboru , Takahashi Makoto , Iwamoto Yoshitaka , Date Shota , Kurumadani Hiroshi , Kamei Goki , Sunagawa Toru , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) is associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression because of increased loading stress in the medial compartment of the knee. Using a lateral wedge insole (LWI) decreases loading stress and immediately reduces MME.

Objective:
To investigate whether the wearing duration of LWI affects the midterm response to MME and is associated with knee OA progression.

Study design:
Cohort study.

Methods:
Twenty-three patients with knee OA who were conservatively treated with LWI were classified according to the duration of the LWI wear per day: less than 5 h (short-duration group) or over 5 h (long-duration group). MME was evaluated in the single-leg standing position by ultrasound. Knee OA progression and limb alignment were evaluated radiographically. These evaluations were performed thrice: at the initial office visit as a baseline without LWI (time 0), with LWI (LWI-time 0), and 1 year after intervention with LWI (LWI-1 year).

Results:
In both groups, the MMEs at LWI time 0 were significantly decreased compared with those at time 0. In the long-duration group, this reduction in MME was maintained 1 year after the intervention compared with time 0 (time 0: 3.9 ± 0.9, LWI-1 year: 2.6 ± 1.1), but this improvement was not observed in the short-duration group (time 0: 3.8 ± 1.7, LWI-1 year: 3.6 ± 1.7). In addition, three of four patients demonstrated OA progression, and varus alignment had significantly progressed compared with that at time 0 in the short-duration group. However, the long-duration group showed OA progression only in one patient and maintained limb alignment.

Conclusions:
The duration of wearing LWI affects the midterm reduction of MME and knee OA progression while maintaining limb alignment.
Three montages for Transcranial Electric Stimulation in predicting the early post-surgery outcome of the facial nerve functioning
Authors: Izzo Mikael Gian Andrea , Sebastiano Davide Rossi , Catanzaro Valentina , Melillo Ylenia , Togni Ramona , Visani Elisa , Falco Jacopo , Casali Cecilia , Gemma Marco , Ferroli Paolo , Gallone Annamaria , Daniele Cazzato , Devigili Grazia , Alverà Sara , Lanteri Paola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES)-induced Corticobulbar-Motor Evoked Potentials (Cb-MEPs) evoked from Orbicularis Oculi (Oc) and Orbicularis Oris (Or) muscles with FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz, C3/C4-Cz and C5/C6/-Cz stimulation, during IntraOperative NeuroMonitoring (IONM) in 30 patients who underwent skull-base surgery.Methodsbefore (T0) and after (T1) the surgery, we compared the peak-to-peak amplitudes of Cb-MEPs obtained from TES with C3/C4-Cz, C5/C6-Cz and FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz. Then, we compared the response category (present, absent and peripheral) related to different montages. Finally, we classified the Cb-MEPs data from each patient for concordance with clinical outcome and we assessed the diagnostic measures for Cb-MEPs data obtained from FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz, C3/C4-Cz and C5/C6-Cz TES stimulation.ResultsBoth at T0 and T1, FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz stimulation evoked larger Cb-MEPs than C3/C4-Cz, less peripheral responses from direct activation of facial nerve than C5/C6-Cz. FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz stimulation showed the best accuracy and specificity of Cb-MEPs for clinical outcomes.ConclusionsFCC5h/FCC6h-Mz stimulation showed the best performances for monitoring the facial nerve functioning, maintaining excellent diagnostic measures even at low stimulus voltages.Significance:We demonstrated that FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz TES montage for Cb-MEPs in IONM has good accuracy in predicting the post-surgery outcome of facial nerve functioning.HighlightsAt low voltage, FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz stimulation evoked larger Cb-MEPs than C3/C4-CzAt low voltage, FCC5h/FCC6h-Mz stimulation induced less peripheral responses by direct activation of facial nerve than C5/C6-CzFCC5h/FCC6h-Mz stimulation is safe and increases the accuracy and the specificity of Cb-MEPs with respect to facial nerve outcome
Identification of established and novel extracellular matrix components in glioblastoma as targets for angiogenesis and prognosis
Authors: Barbosa Lucas Cunha , Machado Gabriel Cardoso , Heringer Manoela , Ferrer Valéria Pereira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive tumors known for their heterogeneity, rapid proliferation, treatment resistance, and extensive vasculature. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, involves endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation. Various extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulate EC survival, migration, and proliferation. Culturing human brain EC (HBMEC) on GBM-derived ECM revealed a decrease in EC numbers compared to controls. Throughin silicoanalysis, we explored ECM gene expression differences between GBM and brain normal glia cells and the impact of GBM microenvironment on EC ECM transcripts. ECM molecules such as collagen alpha chains (COL4A1,COL4A2, p < 0.0001); laminin alpha (LAMA4), beta (LAMB2), and gamma (LAMC1) chains (p < 0.0005); neurocan (NCAN), brevican (BCAN) and versican (VCAN) (p < 0.0005); hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 2 and metalloprotease (MMP) 2 (p < 0.005); MMP inhibitors (TIMP1-4, p < 0.0005), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) and integrin alpha (ITGA3/5) (p < 0.05) and beta (ITGB1, p < 0.0005) chains showed increased expression in GBM. Additionally, GBM-influenced EC exhibited elevated expression ofCOL5A3,COL6A1,COL22A1andCOL27A1(p < 0.01);LAMA1,LAMB1(p < 0.001); fibulins (FBLN1/2, p < 0.01);MMP9,HAS1,ITGA3,TGFB1, and wingless-related integration site 9B (WNT9B) (p < 0.01) compared to normal EC. Some of these molecules:COL5A1/3,COL6A1,COL22/27A1,FBLN1/2,ITGA3/5,ITGB1andLAMA1/B1(p < 0.01);NCAN,HAS1,MMP2/9,TIMP1/2andTGFB1(p < 0.05) correlated with GBM patient survival. In conclusion, this study identified both established and novel ECM molecules regulating GBM angiogenesis, suggestingNCANandCOL27A1are new potential prognostic biomarkers for GBM.
Flexible-circuit-based 3-D aware modular optical brain imaging system for high-density measurements in natural settings
Authors: Xu Edward , Vanegas Morris , Mireles Miguel , Dementyev Artem , Yücel Meryem , Carp Stefan , Fang Qianqian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSignificanceFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents an opportunity to study human brains in every-day activities and environments. However, achieving robust measurements under such dynamic condition remains a significant challenge.AimThe modular optical brain imaging (MOBI) system is designed to enhance optode-to-scalp coupling and provide real-time probe 3-D shape estimation to improve the use of fNIRS in everyday conditions.ApproachThe MOBI system utilizes a bendable and lightweight modular circuit-board design to enhance probe conformity to head surfaces and comfort for long-term wearability. Combined with automatic module connection recognition, the built-in orientation sensors on each module can be used to estimate optode 3-D positions in real-time to enable advanced tomographic data analysis and motion tracking.ResultsOptical characterization of the MOBI detector reports a noise equivalence power (NEP) of 8.9 and 7.3 pW/ Hz at 735 nm and 850 nm, respectively, with a dynamic range of 88 dB. The 3-D optode shape acquisition yields an average error of 4.2 mm across 25 optodes in a phantom test compared to positions acquired from a digitizer. Results for initialin vivovalidations, including a cuff occlusion and a finger-tapping test, are also provided.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, the MOBI system is the first modular fNIRS system featuring fully flexible circuit boards. The self-organizing module sensor network and automatic 3-D optode position acquisition, combined with lightweight modules (18 g/module) and ergonomic designs, would greatly aid emerging explorations of brain function in naturalistic settings.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN LONG-TERM CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AMONG WOMEN AND MEN FROM THE CAC CONSORTIUM
Authors: Rosenblatt Shmuel , Blaha Michael J. , Blankstein Ron , Yeboah-Kordieh Yvette , Nasir Khurram , Lin Fay , Berman Daniel S. , Miedema Michael D. , Whelton Seamus P. , Rumberger John , Budoff Matthew J. , Leipsic Jonathon , Shaw Leslee J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite an increasingly diverse population, knowledge regarding racial and ethnic disparities is limited among women and men undergoing atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) screening. Our aim was to compare CV mortality by ASCVD risk and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores among Black and Hispanic women and men compared to other participants.Design and MethodsFrom the CAC Consortium, 42,964 participants with self-reported race and ethnicity were followed for a median of 11.7 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate CV mortality, with separate analyses by sex.ResultsOne-third of enrollees were women; 977 self-reported as Black, 1,349 as Hispanic, 1,621 as Asian, and 740 as American Indian/Native Alaskan/Hawaiian or other; the remainder were white. Black women and men had higher ASCVD risk and CAC scores yielding the highest CV mortality compared to other participants. Among Black women and men with a 0 CAC or ASCVD risk score <5%, hazard ratios (HRs) were 6-9-fold higher than that of other women and men. In men with CAC scores ≥100, Black men (HR: 4.2,p<0.001) had the highest CV mortality compared to all other men. A similar high-risk pattern was noted for Black women with CAC scores ≥100 (p<0.001), even when adjusting for the ASCVD risk score. Overall, Hispanics had an elevated CV mortality, higher than others but less than that of Black participants. Patterns of intermediate risk were notable for Hispanic men with a CAC score of 0 (HR=3.6, p=0.006) and ≥100 (HR=2.3, p=0.03).ConclusionsThe disproportionately high and excess CV mortality among Black women and men represents significant barriers to reducing the burden of ASCVD through effective screening using ASCVD risk and CAC scores.