bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haplotype analysis confirms association of the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) gene with schizophrenia but not with major depression
Authors: Zaboli Ghazal , Jönsson Erik G. , Gizatullin Rinat , De Franciscis Alessandra , Åsberg Marie , Leopardi Rosario 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). The serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) is a major regulator of 5‐HT function. 5‐HTT gene polymorphic variants have been associated with both MDD and SCZ. A case–control design was used for candidate gene‐disease association in 194 MDD patients, 155 schizophrenic psychosis patients, and 246 healthy controls, all North European Caucasians. Four polymorphisms were analyzed in terms of genotype, allele, and haplotype‐based associations. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was also carried out. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple testing. Haplotype‐based analyses showed significant associations between 5‐HTT and SCZ but not MDD. No single locus associations were observed. In agreement with published meta‐analysis our results indicate that 5‐HTT associates with SCZ but not with MDD. It appears that risk for SCZ maps within a specific 5‐HTT haplotype block. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of dyslexia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1p and 2p, but not 6p in a Dutch sib‐pair collection
Authors: de Kovel Carolien G.F. , Franke Barbara , Hol Frans A. , Lebrec Jérémie J.P. , Maassen Ben , Brunner Han , Padberg George W. , Platko Jill , Pauls David 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to confirm genetic linkage to developmental dyslexia and reading‐related quantitative traits of loci that have been shown to be associated with dyslexia in previous studies. In our sample of 108 Dutch nuclear families, the categorical trait showed strongest linkage to 1p36 (NPL‐LOD = 2.1). LOD scores for quantitative traits word‐reading, non‐word reading, and rapid naming peaked near the same location as the categorical trait, as well as on chromosome 2. Non‐word repetition showed little phenotypic correlation with dyslexia or with the other quantitative traits, and this trait showed linkage peaks on 11p and 15q. No evidence for linkage to 6p22‐23 was found for this set of families. Comparison of our results and literature data shows that loci link to different phenotypes in different samples. The mutual connections of these traits and their relation to developmental dyslexia remain elusive. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine transporter relation to dopamine turnover in Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomography study
Authors: Sossi Vesna , de la Fuente‐Fernández Raúl , Schulzer Michael , Troiano Andre R. , Ruth Thomas J. , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) levels in Parkinson's disease and its role in the preservation of DA in presynaptic terminals.MethodsTen Parkinson's disease patients (age, 62.9 ± 9.5 years; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score in “off” state, 28.5 ± 8.2) underwent positron emission tomography with 11C‐methylphenidate (MP, a DAT marker), 11C‐dihydrotetrabenazine (a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 marker), and 18F‐fluorodopa, leading to the determination of the MP and 11C‐dihydrotetrabenazine binding potentials (BPs) and the effective distribution volume for 18F‐fluorodopa, the inverse of DA turnover. Seven patients also underwent positron emission tomography with 11C‐raclopride before and 1 hour after levodopa administration to estimate levodopa‐induced changes in synaptic DA concentration.ResultsWe found a significant positive correlation between effective distribution volume and BPMP (r = 0.93; p < 0.001) and a significant negative correlation between changes in synaptic DA concentration and BPMP (r = −0.93; p = 0.04), independent of disease severity and duration.InterpretationThese data show that in Parkinson's disease, greater DAT levels are directly associated with lower DA turnover and lower changes in synaptic DA concentration. This implies that an important functional role of DAT is to maintain relatively constant synaptic DA levels and to preserve DA in nerve terminals. A decrease in DAT, although potentially serving as a compensatory mechanism in early disease, may ultimately result in increased DA turnover and higher oscillations in synaptic DA concentration, thereby possibly predisposing toward the occurrence of motor complications as disease progresses. Ann Neurol 2007
Molecular consequences of dominant Bethlem myopathy collagen VI mutations
Authors: Baker Naomi L. , Mörgelin Matthias , Pace Rishika A. , Peat Rachel A. , Adams Naomi E. , Gardner R. J. McKinlay , Rowland Lewis P. , Miller Geoffrey , De Jonghe Peter , Ceulemans Berten , Hannibal Mark C. , Edwards Matthew , Thompson Elizabeth M. , Jacobson Richard , Quinlivan Ros C. M. , Aftimos Salim , Kornberg Andrew J. , North Kathryn N. , Bateman John F. , Lamandé Shireen R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveDominant mutations in the three collagen VI genes cause Bethlem myopathy, a disorder characterized by proximal muscle weakness and commonly contractures of the fingers, wrists, and ankles. Although more than 20 different dominant mutations have been identified in Bethlem myopathy patients, the biosynthetic consequences of only a subset of these have been studied, and in many cases, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown.MethodsWe have screened fourteen Bethlem myopathy patients for collagen VI mutations and performed detailed analyses of collagen VI biosynthesis and intracellular and extracellular assembly.ResultsCollagen VI abnormalities were identified in eight patients. One patient produced around half the normal amount of α1(VI) messenger RNA and reduced amounts of collagen VI protein. Two patients had a previously reported mutation causing skipping of COL6A1 exon 14, and three patients had novel mutations leading to in‐frame deletions toward the N‐terminal end of the triple‐helical domain. These mutations have different and complex effects on collagen VI intracellular and extracellular assembly. Two patients had single amino acid substitutions in the A‐domains of COL6A2 and COL6A3. Collagen VI intracellular and extracellular assembly was normal in one of these patients.InterpretationThe key to dissecting the pathogenic mechanisms of collagen VI mutations lies in detailed analysis of collagen VI biosynthesis and assembly. The majority of mutations result in secretion and deposition of structurally abnormal collagen VI. However, one A‐domain mutation had no detectable effect on assembly, suggesting that it acts by compromising collagen VI interactions in the extracellular matrix of muscle. Ann Neurol 2007
Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA disease in adults
Authors: Schaefer Andrew M. , McFarland Robert , Blakely Emma L. , He Langping , Whittaker Roger G. , Taylor Robert W. , Chinnery Patrick F. , Turnbull Douglass M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveDiverse and variable clinical features, a loose genotype–phenotype relationship, and presentation to different medical specialties have all hindered attempts to gauge the epidemiological impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease. Nevertheless, a clear understanding of its prevalence remains an important goal, particularly about planning appropriate clinical services. Consequently, the aim of this study was to accurately define the prevalence of mtDNA disease (primary mutation occurs in mtDNA) in the working‐age population of the North East of England.MethodsAdults with suspected mitochondrial disease in the North East of England were referred to a single neurology center for investigation from 1990 to 2004. Those with pathogenic mtDNA mutations were identified and pedigree analysis performed. For the midyear period of 2001, we calculated the minimum point prevalence of mtDNA disease for adults of working age (>16 and <60/65 years for female/male patients, respectively).ResultsIn this population, we found that 9.2 in 100,000 people have clinically manifest mtDNA disease, making this one of the commonest inherited neuromuscular disorders. In addition, a further 16.5 in 100,000 children and adults younger than retirement age are at risk for development of mtDNA disease.InterpretationThrough detailed pedigree analysis and active family tracing, we have been able to provide revised minimum prevalence figures for mtDNA disease. These estimates confirm that mtDNA disease is a common cause of chronic morbidity and is more prevalent than has been previously appreciated. Ann Neurol 2007
Molekül‐Mechanik‐Rechnungen in der Organischen Chemie: Beispiele für die Nützlichkeit eines einfachen nicht‐quantenmechanischen Modells
Authors: Osawa Eiji , Musso Hans 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMolekül‐Mechanik‐ oder Kraftfeld‐Rechnungen können zur Klärung vieler experimenteller Probleme herangezogen werden: Zur Untersuchung der Moleküldynamik (Konformationsanalyse und innere Rotation), zur Suche nach den stabilsten Isomeren von Kohlenwasserstoffen und zur Berechnung von Reaktivitäten einschließlich der Solvolyse von Brückenkopf‐substituierten Derivaten wurden derartige Rechnungen ebenso angestellt wie zur Aufklärung des Mechanismus vielstufiger Umlagerungen über Carbokationen und der Struktur von Anti‐Bredt‐Olefinen; sie ermöglichen auch eine Erklärung der Selektivität bei der Hydrogenolyse gespannter Polycyclen mit kleinen Ringen oder langer Bindungen, die Deutung elektronischer Effekte sowie die Analyse später Übergangszustände und der Produktverteilung bei komplizierten Reaktionen.
Synthetische Genfragmente in der Gentechnik – Die Renaissance der Chemie in der Molekularbiologie
Authors: Davies Julian E. , Gassen Hans Günter 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDie Chemie und die Biologie waren die gemeinsamen Wegbereiter der molekularen Genetik. Die sensationellen Fortschritte in der Entschlüsselung des genetischen Apparates in den letzten zwanzig Jahren sind aber fast ausschließlich den Molekularbiologen zu danken. Die Chemiker haben sich anderen Fragestellungen zugewandt. Anhand der Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Gentechnik lassen sich die neuen Anforderungen an die Chemie verdeutlichen. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Genetik von Bakterien werden die molekularen Grundlagen der Gentechnik behandelt, untergliedert in in‐vitro‐Rekombination und in‐vivo‐Transformation. Die Wahlmöglichkeiten bei Passagier‐DNA, bei Vektoren und Wirtzellen werden erörtert. Während die in‐vitro‐Rekombination von DNA und die in‐vivo‐Transformation von Zellen leicht erlernbar sind, erfordert die Suche nach dem richtigen Klon detaillierte mikrobiologische Kenntnisse und das Beherrschen eines breiten Spektrums analytischer Methoden. Anhand der automatisierbaren chemischen Synthese von Genfragmenten nach dem Merrifield‐Prinzip wird schließlich dargelegt, daß sich die Chemie wieder mit Erfolg biologisch ausgerichteten Fragestellungen zuwendet.
Tellur als Sechselektronendonor – Synthese und Struktur von μ3‐Te[Mn(CO)2(η5‐C5H5)]3
Authors: Herberhold Max , Reiner Dietmar , Neugebauer Dietmar 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDas vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 10. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198300100
Übergangsmetall‐substituierte Stibane als Acceptoren: Cp(CO)(L)FeSbBr2. PMe3(L = CO,Me3P, MeNC)‐1 : 1‐Ferriostiban‐Trimethylphosphan‐Komplexe
Authors: Kaul Hans‐Achim , Greißinger Dieter , Malisch Wolfgang , Klein Heinz‐Peter , Thewalt Ulf 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDas vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 47. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198300470
Neuartige einstufige Synthese von Oxocyclopentancarboxylaten durch elektrochemische Reduktion von Zimtsäureestern
Authors: Nishiguchi Ikuzo , Hirashima Tsuneaki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDas vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 70. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198300700
Production of spherical and uniform‐sized particles using a laboratory ink‐jet spray dryer
Authors: Patel Kamlesh C. , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere is a need in the area of particle technology and powder manufacturing to produce particles with uniform characteristics for attaining stringent product quality. In this paper, a new concept of spray drying is proposed to assess the possibility of adapting the same concept to industrial spray drying operations for producing spherical and uniform‐sized particles. This concept is based on ink‐jet technology, where single streams of identical droplets can be achieved using ink‐jet devices. The ink‐jet device, similar to nozzles found in office ink‐jet printers, was introduced to spray drying operations as an innovative atomizer because of its attractive ability to produce monodisperse droplets with a precise control over droplet characteristics. In this paper, a new concept of single stream drying and some calculations on feasibility of a newly built Ink‐Jet Spray Dryer (IJSD) are discussed. The single stream drying technique could provide a promising tool for producing uniform particles and also for testing and designing new products. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characteristic of electric stimuli responsive hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol/poly (sodium maleate‐co‐sodium acrylate)
Authors: Gao Yi , Xu Shimei , Wu Ronglan , Wang Jide , Wei Jia 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMaleic anhydride was used to preparare polyvinyl alcohol/poly (sodium maleate‐co‐sodium acrylate) hydrogels (PVA/poly(SMA‐SAA)) by a repeated frost‐defrost process because of its higher charge density and potential electric stimuli sensitivity. The bending angle was measured in a noncontact electric field using carbon as plate electrodes. It was found that the bending angle was dependent on various factors, including composition of hydrogel, concentration of NaCl solution, types of electrolyte solution, and electric voltage. It exhibited that the bending angle increased when the concentration of NaCl solutions and the electric voltages increased. An abnormal bending direction was observed, and it was affected not only by the kinds of hydrogels, but also by the exterior variations. The hydrogel showed good reversibility in on‐off electric field and could be a candidate for practical application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Plasma induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polypropylene monofilament
Authors: Gupta Bhuvanesh , Saxena Shalini , Ray Alok 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPlasma induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polypropylene (PP) monofilament was carried to introduce carboxyl functionality on its surface. The monofilament was treated with oxygen plasma to create hydroperoxide groups and subsequent graft polymerization was initiated on this exposed monofilament. It was observed that in the absence of an added inhibitor, the grafting did not proceed because of the extensive homopolymerization which left behind hardly any monomer for the grafting reaction. The addition of ferrous sulfate to the grafting medium led to the homopolymer free grafting reaction. The addition of organics, such as methanol, butanone, and acetone led to complete inhibition of the homopolymerization at 60% content. However, the addition of butanone led to much lower degree of grafting than methanol and acetone. The contact angle of the monofilament showed drastic reduction by plasma treatment and by the subsequent grafting of acrylic acid. The grafting in ferrous sulfate medium showed higher contact angles as compared to the grafting in organic medium. The surface morphology was significantly influenced by the nature of the additive in the grafting medium. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JAppl Polym Sci, 2008
Characteristics of waterborne polyurethane/poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) composite films for wound‐healing dressings
Authors: Yoo Hye‐Jin , Kim Han‐Do 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFor ideal wound‐healing dressings, a series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) composite films (transparent film dressings) were prepared by in situ polymerization in an aqueous medium. Stable WBPU/PVP composites, which had a high remaining weight greater than 98.4%, were obtained. The maximum content of PVP for stable WBPU/PVP dispersions was found to be about 15 wt %. The water absorption (%) and equilibrium water content (%) of the WBPU/PVP composite films remarkably increased in proportion to the PVP content and the time of water immersion. The maximum water absorption and equilibrium water content of the WBPU/PVP composite films were in the range of 21–158 and 22–56%, respectively. The water vapor transmission rate of the WBPU/PVP composite films was in the range of 1816–2728 g/m2/day. These results suggest that WBPU/PVP composite films may have high potential as new wound‐dressing materials that provide and maintain the moist environment needed to prevent scab formation and dehydration of the wound bed. By a wound‐healing evaluation using a full‐thickness rat model experiment, it was found that a wound covered with a typical WBPU/PVP composite film (15 wt % PVP) was completely filled with new epithelium without any significant adverse reactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Annealing effect of perfluorosulfonated ionomer membranes on proton conductivity and methanol permeability
Authors: Luan Yinghao , Zhang Yongming , Zhang Heng , Li Lei , Li Hong , Liu Yangang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPerfluorosulfonated ionomer (PFSI) was synthesized and PFSI membranes were prepared via a solution‐cast method and annealed at different temperatures from 150 to 230°C. The annealing effect on water content, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability were reported and discussed. X‐ray diffraction and small angle X‐ray scattering were used to test the structure of the membranes. It was found that annealing increased the proton conductivity of the membranes because heat‐treatment helped to free the sulfonic groups that were buried in the polymer segments and form more organized ionic clusters. Water content and methanol permeability of the annealed membranes decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Simultaneously, annealing induced more compact chain packing structure, which eventually affected the transport of the proton and methanol through these ionomer membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Water‐dispersible conducting polyaniline/nano‐SiO2 composites without any stabilizer
Authors: Li Xingwei , Dai Na , Wang Gengchao , Song Xiaomei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA water‐dispersible conducting polyaniline/ nano‐SiO2 composite, with a conductivity of 0.071 S cm−1 at 25°C, was prepared by the oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of amorphous nano‐SiO2 particles. And the structure, morphology, thermal stability, conductivity, and electroactivity of this composite were also investigated. This composite has been steadily dispersed in the aqueous solution for about 10–36 h without the need for any stabilizer. It would significantly impulse the commercial applications of conducting polyaniline/nano‐SiO2 composite as fillers for antistatic and anticorrosion coatings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Soy protein‐based nanocomposites reinforced by supramolecular nanoplatelets assembled from pluronic polymers/β‐cyclodextrin pseudopolyrotaxanes
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhou Ziyan , Wei Ming , Chen Yun , Chang Peter R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe self‐assembled rigid supramolecular nanoplatelets (SN) from Pluronic polymers with various lengths of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and β‐cyclodextrin have reinforced the soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based biodegradable plastics in terms of strength and modulus but at the expense of elongation. Meanwhile, the water resistance, which limited the application of the SPI plastics, was also enhanced. The structure and properties of nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, and water uptake test. The low loading of nanoplatelets was able to disperse into SPI matrix homogeneously, which resulted in reinforcement in nanocomposites. With an increase of nanoplatelets loading, the repulsion between nanoplatelets and SPI matrix occurred, accompanying with the formation of rectangle objects, resulted in a decrease of mechanical performance of the nanocomposites. The nanoplatelets with longest free PEO segments produced highest strength with least loss of elongation by virtue of enhanced association with SPI matrix mediated by PEO segments. Meanwhile, the nanoplatelets with moderate length of free PEO segments showed optimal water resistance. Herein, the reinforcing function of a supramolecular nanoplatelet, similar to the structure of layered silicate, was verified. © 2007 Government of Canada. Exclusive worldwide publication rights in the article have been transferred to Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic starch nanocrystals
Authors: Song Shiwei , Wang Cai , Pan Zelin , Wang Xiufen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this article, amphiphilic starch nanocrystals were synthesized by graft copolymerization of starch nanocrystals with styrene in aqueous emulsion system. The starch nanocrystals of size around 50 nm were used, which were prepared by acid hydrolysis of corn starch. The structure of starch‐g‐polystyrene nanocrystals was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The crystalline structure as well as its particle morphology was studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results indicated that the amphiphilic starch nanocrystals obtained exhibit the size around 80–100 nm. Its crystalline structure is basically not changed after grafting polystyrene suggested that the polystyrene was essentially grafted on the surface of starch nanocrystals. Wettability experiments indicated that the prepared starch‐g‐polystyrene nanocrystals can be uniformly dispersed both in water phase and oil phase revealing excellent amphiphilicity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Conjugated low‐saturation soybean oil thermosets: Free‐radical copolymerization with dicyclopentadiene and divinylbenzene
Authors: Valverde Marlen , Andjelkovic Dejan , Kundu Patit P. , Larock Richard C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe free‐radical copolymerization of 40–85 wt % of conjugated low‐saturation soybean oil (CLS), and a 9 :1 ratio of acrylonitrile (AN) and either divinylbenzene (DVB) or dicyclopentadiene (DCP) using AIBN as the initiator affords transparent yellow samples, which range from hard to slightly rubbery. DMA analysis indicates that the samples containing DCP have tan δ values ranging from 0.32 to 0.49, while the damping properties of the DVB samples are slightly lower. Extraction analysis shows that complete chemical incorporation of the CLS into the polymeric network is achieved when the original CLS content ranges from 40 to 65 wt %. Lower incorporation of the CLS into the polymer network occurs when the oil content exceeds 70 wt %. In this case, up to 30% of the CLS remains unreacted. These observations are supported by 1H NMR and solid‐state NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates a just one important stage of degradation, implying that the polymer network is highly homogeneous in composition. The temperatures of 10% weight loss for the DCP system range from 402 to 428°C, and from 370 to 391°C for the DVB system. The temperature of maximum degradation ranges from 458 to 518°C for the DCP polymers, and 406 to 422°C for the DVB system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008