bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A measure to aid in the interpretation of published clinical trials
Authors: Begg Colin B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe published literature contains numerous reports of clinical studies. A problem in their interpretation is that studies in which the observed efficacy of the treatment is high are much more likely to be reported than those in which the observed efficacy is average or poor. This phenomenon has had the consequence of generally discrediting the reliability of the literature, especially that of non‐randomized studies.In this paper a model is developed which permits estimation of the potential magnitude by which the reported efficacy of a treatment might be inflated. This quantity is termed the publication bias. The magnitude of the bias depends on the sample size of the study and the number of similar studies conducted concurrently. Tabulated values of the bias are presented, permitting easy computation.The new measure may have potential use for physicians in clinical decision making in that it characterizes the reliability of results from a specific published study, especially when there are no definitive randomized studies. However, correction of publication bias in this manner is not a substitute for a well controlled or a randomized study. The technique merely assists in the interpretation of available evidence from the literature. Moreover, it must be used with due caution in recognition of the assumptions and approximations involved in the calculation.
On the use of the logistic model in prospective studies
Authors: Halperin Max , Abbott Robert D. , Blackwelder William C. , Jacobowitz Ronald , Gordon And K. K. Lan , Verter Joel I. , Wedel Hans 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe describe the usual statistical concepts and consequent appropriate simulations of a prospective study for the simple case of a single risk variable and an assumed logistic model. We examine the simulations of Lilienfeld and Pyne,1 and show that they are seriously flawed. Contrary to those authors' claims, the estimates of parameters by the Walker‐Duncan technique are both accurate and reliable.
Prognostic factors from a randomized clinical trial in resected lung cancer
Authors: Chastang Claude , Lebeau Bernard , Charpak Yves , Decroix Guy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPrognostic information has three main uses: prediction of the course of evolution of disease, decisions about treatment and limitation of complementary tests. Using data from a randomized controlled clinical trial of immunotherapy in resected lung cancer, we identified factors of prognostic importance. In particular we demonstrated that a time‐consuming and expensive cell‐mediated immunity test is not of prognostic value. Our cooperative group decided to cancel this test in the routine examination of patients with resected lung cancer. Disease stage was confirmed as the main prognostic factor.
Correspondence analysis in a study of the clinical evolution of uncomplicated chronic relapsing alcoholic pancreatitis
Authors: Micciolo R. , Vantini I. , Cavallini G. , Piubello W. , Talamini G. , Benini L. , Scuro L. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper gives an example of the use of correspondence analysis in a study of the risk factors of surgery in uncomplicated chronic relapsing alcoholic pancreatitis (UCRAP) where censored observations are present. Ninety‐seven patients were admitted to a long‐term follow‐up project on the clinical evolution of UCRAP. During follow‐up 61 patients underwent surgery, while the observations for the remaining 36 patients were censored. Correspondence analysis was performed on three prognostic variables, selected by a preliminary univariate analysis. A supplementary variable indicating the state of each patient at a particular time (still in follow‐up, operated on, lost to follow‐up), was projected onto the best factor plane chosen by correspondence analysis. Cox's proportional hazards regression model was also used with the scores of patients on the factor axes as independent variables to evaluate their prognostic importance. Both correspondence analysis and the Cox model showed that the first two axes provide important prognostic information. Furthermore, the former suggested a pattern of censorship for patients with observations censored after 5 years of follow‐up. The results of this study confirm that correspondence analysis may be useful in follow‐up studies by providing graphic display of important information relative both about the event under study and about censored observations.
Multiplicative and additive models with external controls in a cohort study of cancer mortality
Authors: Campbell M. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe use of additive and multiplicative hazard models is examined for a cohort study of 2696 women followed up for 12 years. The multiplicative model implied that women with a haemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl were at higher risk from cancer, and the additive model showed that this risk was confined to women after the menopause. Despite difficulties in fitting and in interpretation, additive models can be useful in the analysis of cohort studies.
Stabilization of Substituted Triazenide Oxides: Synthesis and X‐ray Structural Features of Polymeric Potassium 3‐(4‐carboxylatophenyl)‐1‐methyltriazene N‐oxide‐hydrate, {K[O2C‐C6H4‐N(H)NN(CH3)O]·4H2O}n
Authors: Hörner Manfredo , Manzoni de Oliveira Gelson , Wohlmuth Alves dos Santos Aline Joana Rolina 
Published: April 2007

Abstract3‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1‐methyltriazene N‐oxide reacts with KOH in methanol/pyridine to give {K[O2C‐C6H4‐N(H)NN(CH3)O]·4H2O}n, Potassium‐3‐(4‐carboxylatophenyl)‐1‐methyltriazene N‐oxide). The terminal carboxylato group of the anion does not interact with the cation. In the crystal lattice of {K(C8H8N3O3)·4H2O}n each three of the four water molecules interact with two potassium cations, every K+ ion being the centre of six bridging K···O interactions. Potassium cations interact further with the terminal N‐oxigen atom of single [C8H8N3O3]− anions achieving two parallel {C8H8N3O3−K+}n chains, which are linked through water molecules. The resulting polymeric, one‐dimensional chain, is operated by a screw axis 21 parallel to the crystallographic direction [010], along and equidistant to the K+ centres. The coordination of the K+ centres involves a distortion of the boat conformation of elementary sulfur (S8) with the ideal C2v symmetry.
Genotype‐Phenotype Based Surgical Concept of Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Machens Andreas , Dralle Henning 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundSince DNA tests have enabled reliable identification of asymptomatic RET (rearranged during transfection) gene carriers, myriads of publications have appeared on genotype‐phenotype relationships. A comprehensive appraisal of this body of evidence using evidence‐based methodology is pending.MethodsThis study was based on systematic evaluation of the literature using evidence‐based criteria.Results(1) There is a distinct age‐related progression of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in carriers of RET mutations (grade C). (2) Among the high‐risk RET mutations, those in codon 634 cause higher penetrance rates of the multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A phenotype (MTC, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma) than mutations in codons 609, 611, 618, and 620, irrespective of the amino acid substituting for cysteine (grade C). (3) DNA‐based screening is superior to calcitonin‐based screening in asymptomatic RET carriers (grade C). (4) Using a worst‐case scenario, i.e., considering the earliest finding of MTC in asymptomatic RET carriers, pre‐emptive thyroidectomy should be performed before that time (grade C) to be truly prophylactic. Specifically, for carriers of highest‐risk mutations (codon 918): within the first year of life; for carriers of high‐risk mutations (codon 609, 611, 618, 620, 630, and 634): before the age of 5 years; and for carriers of least‐high risk mutations (codon 768, 790, 791, 804, and 891): before the age of 5‐10 years. Strict adherence to these grade C recommendations can result in undertreatment of the former (codon 634) and overtreatment of the latter.ConclusionsThese genotype‐phenotype correlations provide a solid foundation on which to base surgical concepts, leaving little room for randomized controlled clinical trials.
Coxsackievirus B3affects endothelial tight junctions: Possible relationship to ZO‐1 and F‐actin, as well as p38 MAPK activity
Authors: Ju Yuanrong , Wang Tao , Li Yang , Xin Wei , Wang Shuyun , Li Jianfeng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTight junction (TJ) plays a pivotal role in preventing the invasion of pathogens from the blood to extracellular environment. However, the mechanisms by which Group B coxsackievirus 3 (CVB3) can get through TJ from the apical surface still remain obscure. In the present study, the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) was utilized to investigate the alterations in F‐actin and ZO‐1 status, permeability as well as p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in response to CVB3by means of fluorescence labeling, flow cytometry, and macromolecule permeability assay. We found that CVB3was able to induce reorganization of F‐actin and redistribution of ZO‐1, increase the level of F‐actin, and elevate the permeability of FITC‐albumin. Moreover, CVB3‐mediated the above effects involve in P38 MAPK activation. Our preliminary study indicates that CVB3‐induced alteration in permeability may be attributed to disruption of F‐actin and ZO‐1 organizations and that SB203580, a specific P38 MAPK inhibitor, can reverse these effects. The precise mechanisms underlying the CVB3‐mediated effects on HUVECs need to be studied further.
Should older adults be screened for dementia? It is important to screen for evidence of dementia!
Authors: Ashford J. Wesson , Borson Soo , O'Hara Ruth , Dash Paul , Frank Lori , Robert Philippe , Shankle William R. , Tierney Mary C. , Brodaty Henry , Schmitt Frederick A. , Kraemer Helena C. , Buschke Herman , Fillit Howard 
Published: April 2007

Multiple arguments for considering routine dementia screening have been presented. Furthermore, dementia diagnoses are widely unrecognized. As a result, persons with dementia are missing important clinical care and treatment interventions. By distinction, the problems of defining, diagnosing, and treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are not yet resolved, and MCI is not ready for a screening recommendation. Dementia screening approaches, including cognitive testing and functional assessment, must be evaluated on their scientific merits, including sensitivity and specificity for recognizing affected individuals in at‐risk populations. Screening tests must be “cost‐worthy”, with the benefits of true‐positive test results justifying the costs of testing and resolving false‐positive cases, with due consideration for proper diagnostic evaluation and potential harms. With the tremendous number of new cases projected in the near future and the expected emergence of beneficial therapies, considerably more research is needed to develop more efficient screening systems.Editor's Note: This paper was written in response to a comment submitted to this Journal on the consensus statement by a group of scientists concerned about screening for dementia, which was published in this Journal in April 2006 [1]. The submitted manuscript was withdrawn after this response was submitted. However, this response is being published because it addresses concerns about screening recommendations and provides clarification and additional information on key points concerning dementia screening.
The Dust Content and Temperature Distribution of Galaxies in The Local Universe
Authors: Falony S. , Baes M. , Davies J. I. , Vlahakis C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe measured the SCUBA fluxes of a sample of Seyfert 1, Seyfert 2, starburst and normal disc galaxies, taken from the Extended 12 Micron Galaxy Sample. From these data, we determine the entire dust content and temperature distribution of galaxies of different classes through a Planckian inversion technique.
Finding Double-Barred Galaxies with HST
Authors: Lisker T. , Debattista V. P. , Ferreras I. , Erwin P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe show that the detection of double-barred (S2B) galaxies beyond the nearby universe is possible out to redshifts 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.5 with the resolution of the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys. We present the most distant S2B currently known, at z = 0.148.
The Spitzer Interacting Galaxies Study
Authors: Zezas A. ,   the SIGS team
Published: April 2007

AbstractGalaxy interactions play an important role in the evolution of galaxies and triggering galaxy-wide star-formation or accretion onto nuclear black-holes. However, the strength and details of the relationship between galaxy interactions and triggered activity are still unclear. In order to address these questions we embarked on a Spitzer multi-wavelength study of a sample of nearby interacting galaxy systems. Our goal is to investigate: how interactions trigger star-formation by studying the spatial distribution and level of star-formation, and comparing them with theoretical models for different interaction parameters; how the interactions drive gas in the nuclear regions, and how this gas promotes and/or hides nuclear activity, by studying the distribution of dust and performing deep spectroscopic observations of the galactic nuclei; and how star-formation and AGN activity depend on the interaction stage.
Distant Galaxy Transformation Probed by VLT and HST
Authors: Ziegler B. L. , Kutdemir E. , Böhm A. , Jäger K. , Verdugo M. , Peletier R. , Kronberger T. , Kapferer W. , Schindler S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe investigate the morphologies and velocity fields of spiral galaxies in distant clusters (z ~ 0.5) focussing on signatures from interactions. Structural parameters and peculiarities are determined with HST/ACS images. To derive the internal kinematics and rotation curves we have performed 3D–spectroscopy allowing the construction of the full velocity field for each galaxy. Combining both approaches, transformation mechanisms are revealed that affect not only the stellar populations but also the mass distribution. The observations are supported by N-body/SPH simulations of different interaction processes.
Detection of Escaping Lyman Continuum Radiation in Two Local Starbursts Using FUSE
Authors: Leitet E. , Bergvall N. , Andersson B-G , Zackrisson E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present the detection of escaping Lyman Continuum (LyC) radiation from two local starburst galaxies, Tol 1247-232 and Tol 0440-381, using archival data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). From profile fitting of metal lines, high densities of neutral gas were derived for both galaxies, implying that the LyC radiation is escaping from holes in the interstellar medium. The first results for one of the galaxies, Tol 1247-232, give an escape fraction (fesc) of 17–35%. These new detections, together with that of the blue compact galaxy Haro 11 in Bergvall et al. (2006) where fesc between 4–10% was found, will have a feedback on cosmic reionization models.
AKARI in Orbit—Scientific Potential for Understanding Galaxy Evolution
Authors: Matsuhara H. , Murakami H. , Nakagawa T. , Wada T. , Matsuura S. , Oyabu S. , Takagi T. , Pearson C. P. , Kaneda H. , Usui F. , Shirahata M. , Shibai H. , Kawada M. , Onaka T. , Doi Y. ,   AKARI team
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe AKARI (formerly known as ASTRO-F) mission is the first Japanese satellite dedicated for large area surveys in the infrared (Murakami et al. 2004). AKARI was launched successfully on February 22nd 2006 (JST) from JAXA's Uchinoura Space Centre, Japan. AKARI is now orbiting around the Earth in a Sun-synchronous polar orbit at the altitude of 700 km. The 68.5 cm aperture telescope and scientific instruments are cooled to 6K by liquid Helium and mechanical coolers. The expected liquid Helium holding time is now found to be at least one year after the successful aperture lid-opening on 2006 April 13th (JST). AKARI will perform the most advanced all-sky survey in 6 mid- to far-infrared wavebands since the preceding IRAS mission over 2 decades ago. Deep imaging and spectroscopic surveys near the ecliptic poles with pointed observations are also on-going in 13 wavelength bands at 2-160 μm (see Table 1, details are given in Matsuhara et al. 2006). AKARI is a perfect complement to Spitzer in respect of its wide sky area and wavelength coverage. Two unique aspects of the pointing deep surveys with AKARI are: many imaging bands including the wavelength gap of Spitzer (8-24 μm), and the slitless spectroscopic capability (Ohyama et al. in this proceeding). Not only the All-Sky Survey but also the deep pointing surveys near the ecliptic poles over ~15 deg2 in total will be particularly well suited to construct the luminosity functions of the infrared galaxies, to evaluate their clustering nature, and also to discover rare, exotic objects at various redshifts out to z ~ 3. AKARI is also capable of detecting and measuring the spectrum and the fluctuations of the cosmic infrared background. The in-orbit sensitivity and spatial resolution of the surveys are found to be sufficient to achive the scientific goals listed above.
Disentangling the AGN and Star-forming Contribution to the Sub-mJy Radio Counts
Authors: Seymour Nick , Moss D. , Dwelly T. , McHardy I. , Page M. , Loaring N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe true nature of the faint radio population remains elusive despite the many observations of the “sub-mJy” bump over the last two decades. This lack of information is largely due to the faint magnitudes of the optical counterparts to the radio sources. There are strong theoretical reasons (and a few observational ones) to believe that this rise in the counts is due to the emergence of a rapidly evolving star-forming population. Now, for the first time, we are able to separate the AGN and star-forming populations below 1mJy using a combination of multi-wavelength data from Spitzer, GMRT, MERLIN, CFHT, Keck, UKIRT, Subaru, Chandra and XMM-Newton. The many discriminators between these emission mechanisms include MIR colours, MIR/radio flux ratios, X-ray luminosities/spectra, optical spectra, radio morphologies and radio spectra. We can now derive the source counts separately for AGN and star-forming galaxies confirming that the latter population rise sharply at faint flux densities.
The Star Formation History and Stellar Assembly of High Redshift Galaxies
Authors: Papovich Casey 
Published: April 2007

AbstractI discuss current observational constraints on the star-formation and stellar-assembly histories of galaxies at high redshifts. The data on massive galaxies at z < 1 implies that their stellar populations formed at z>2, and that their morphological configuration was in place soon thereafter. Spitzer Space Telescope 24 μ observations indicate that a substantial fraction of massive galaxies at z ~ 1.5–3 have high IR luminosities, suggesting they are rapidly forming stars, accreting material onto supermassive black holes, or both. I compare how observations of these IR–active phases in the histories of massive galaxies constrain current galaxy–formation models.
Evolution of the rest-frame UV LF from z ~ 8 to z ~ 4
Authors: Bouwens Rychard J. , Illingworth Garth D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have assembled large samples of galaxies at redshift z ~ 4, 5 and 6 (totalling >4300 objects, >1000 objects, >500 objects, respectively) from all the deep HST ACS and NICMOS data taken to date (over 2000 orbits of data). From these we have derived rest-frame UV luminosity functions, luminosity densities, and star formation rates in a very robust and consistent way to very faint luminosities (0.01L* to 0.04L*). The faint-end slopes α of these luminosity functions are remarkably uniform and steep (α ~ −1.7), indicating very little evolution from z ~ 6 to z ~ 4. The characteristic luminosity L* brightens considerably (by ~1 mag) over this period, but the overall change in the luminosity function is such as to lead to little change in the luminosity density and star formation rate over this time. We also have detected galaxies at z ~ 7 − 8 and set strong limits at z ~ 10 directly from deep HST NICMOS observations. Spitzer observations of these z ~ 7 galaxies have been used to estimate masses and ages, suggesting substantial formation at z ~ 10 or earlier. These results show that this hierachical build-up continues into the reionization epoch.
Dissecting a site of massive star formation: IRAS 23033+5951
Authors: Reid Michael A. , Matthews Brenda C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present new BIMA observations of the massive star-forming region IRAS 23033+5951 in Cepheus. 3 mm continuum observations reveal that the source decomposes into at least three dusty clumps, each of which has sufficient mass to form a massive star. The most massive clump has a mass of about 225 M and appears to house the massive protostar which drives the prominent CO outflow seen in the region. Our H13CN, 1-0, N2H+ 1-0, and H13CO+ 1-0 maps show that the three continuum sources are all embedded in an elongated structure whose long axis is perpendicular to the outflow. Both H13CO+ and H13CN peak at the geometric center of this structure, which lies between the two prominent continuum peaks. All three lines – H13CN, H13CO+, and N2H+ –show the same velocity gradient along the long axis of their integrated intensity maps. Although the approximately 90,000 AU length of the elongated structure prohibits a disk interpretation, the fact that the dynamical and gas masses of the structure differ by only a factor of a few suggests that the structure may be partially rotationally supported. We also detect a signature of infall toward the center of the structure, seen as an asymmetrically blue HCO+ line where its optically thin isotope, H13CO+, is symmetric and single-peaked.
The mass distribution of unstable cores in turbulent magnetized clouds
Authors: Padoan Paolo , Nordlund Åke , Kritsuk Alexei G. , Norman Michael L. , Li Pak Shing 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe predictions of the Padoan and Nordlund IMF model are tested using the largest simulations of supersonic hydrodynamic (HD) and magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence to date (~10003computational zones). The striking difference between the HD and MHD regimes, predicted by the model, is recovered.
Simulations of ionisation triggering
Authors: Clarke C. J. , Dale J. E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe review recent pilot simulations that incorporate feedback from ionising radiation in SPH calculations of star forming clouds. In the case that the ionising radiation source is located within the star forming cloud, the inhomogeneity of the cloud significantly modifies the way that feedback operates compared with spherically symmetric cloud models. Inflow/outflow behaviour develops, combining accretion down dense filaments and thermally driven outflows that can remove many times the binding energy of the parent cloud. If the ionising source is located external to the cloud, we find evidence for triggered star formation but conclude that it is hard to find unambiguous observational signatures that would distinguish “triggered” stars from those created spontaneously.
New nearby young star cluster candidates within 200 pc
Authors: Mamajek Eric E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractI briefly describe two new young star cluster candidates found within 200 pc of the Sun, associated with the 4th-magnitude stars μ Oph and 32 Ori. The μ Oph group (d ≃ 170pc) has a space motion and age (~120± 25 Myr) suspiciously similar to the Pleiades, but lies in the opposite side of the sky behind ~0.9 mag of visual extinction in Ophiuchus. The 32 Ori group is a nearby (d ≃ 90 pc) loose aggregate of ~25-Myr-old post-T Tauri stars co-moving with the massive binary 32 Ori (B5V+B7V) in northern Orion. The 32 Ori group accounts for part of the population of “isolated” Li-rich RASS pre-MS stars in northern Orion.