bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User‐based identification of Web genres
Authors: Rosso Mark A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis research explores the use of genre as a document descriptor in order to improve the effectiveness of Web searching. A major issue to be resolved is the identification of what document categories should be used as genres. As genre is a kind of folk typology, document categories must enjoy widespread recognition by their intended user groups in order to qualify as genres. Three user studies were conducted to develop a genre palette and show that it is recognizable to users. (Palette is a term used to denote a classification, attributable to Karlgren, Bretan, Dewe, Hallberg, and Wolkert, 1998.) To simplify the users' classification task, it was decided to focus on Web pages from the edu domain. The first study was a survey of user terminology for Web pages. Three participants separated 100 Web page printouts into stacks according to genre, assigning names and definitions to each genre. The second study aimed to refine the resulting set of 48 (often conceptually and lexically similar) genre names and definitions into a smaller palette of user‐preferred terminology. Ten participants classified the same 100 Web pages. A set of five principles for creating a genre palette from individuals' sortings was developed, and the list of 48 was trimmed to 18 genres. The third study aimed to show that users would agree on the genres of Web pages when choosing from the genre palette. In an online experiment in which 257 participants categorized a new set of 55 pages using the 18 genres, on average, over 70% agreed on the genre of each page. Suggestions for improving the genre palette and future directions for the work are discussed.
Towards interoperable Web engineering methods
Authors: Moreno Nathalie , Vallecillo Antonio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCurrent model‐driven Web engineering approaches provide methods and compilers for the effective design and development of Web applications. However, these proposals also have some limitations, especially when it comes to exchanging model specifications or adding further concerns such as architectural styles, technology independence, or distribution. One solution to these issues is based on the possibility of making Web proposals interoperate, being able to complement each other, and to exchange models between their tools. We analyze how a common reference model shared by Web engineering proposals can be effectively used to achieve the desired interoperability. We also examine how such a common reference model can be used to combine models coming from different proposals, and discuss the problems that can occur when integrating these separate models. Finally, we show how high‐level model transformations allow to efficiently solving these problems.
Juvenile psychopathy and judicial decision making: an empirical analysis of an ethical dilemma
Authors: Jones Shayne , Cauffman, Ph.D. Elizabeth 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the burgeoning juvenile psychopathy literature, there is a debate on whether it is appropriate to apply this construct to youths. Some have suggested that labeling children/adolescents as psychopathic might result in negative consequences, such as being recommended for more restrictive placements. However, the scant evidence is equivocal. This study provides additional insights on this issue by assessing judicial perceptions and recommendations to a hypothetical case. Results indicate that psychopathy influenced perceptions of amenability (η = .12) and dangerousness (η = .25), and recommendations for placement (η = .11). More specifically, youth who were both labeled as psychopathic and ascribed psychopathic traits were viewed as less amenable to treatment and more dangerous and were more likely to be recommended for a restrictive placement than youth who were neither labeled nor described as such. The effect of psychopathy on placement recommendations, however, was not significant after controlling for perceptions of dangerous. This suggests that the influence of psychopathy on judicial restrictiveness may operate through the perceived dangerousness of the youth. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Ginzburg‐Landau critical field in three dimensions
Authors: Fournais S. , Helffer B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study the three‐dimensional Ginzburg‐Landau model of superconductivity. Several “natural” definitions of the (third) critical field, H, governing the transition from the superconducting state to the normal state, are considered. We analyze the relation between these fields and give conditions as to when they coincide. An interesting part of the analysis is the study of the monotonicity of the ground state energy of the Laplacian with constant magnetic field and with Neumann (magnetic) boundary condition in a domain Ω. It is proved that the ground state energy is a strictly increasing function of the field strength for sufficiently large fields. As a consequence of our analysis, we give an affirmative answer to a conjecture by Pan. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A simple justification of the singular limit for equatorial shallow‐water dynamics
Authors: Dutrifoy Alexandre , Schochet Steven , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe equatorial shallow‐water equations at low Froude number form a symmetric hyperbolic system with large variable‐coefficient terms. Although such systems are not covered by the classical Klainerman‐Majda theory of singular limits, the first two authors recently proved that solutions exist uniformly and converge to the solutions of the long‐wave equations as the height and Froude number tend to 0. Their proof exploits the special structure of the equations by expanding solutions in series of parabolic cylinder functions. A simpler proof of a slight generalization is presented here in the spirit of the classical theory. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Security in distributed metadata catalogues
Authors: Santos Nuno , Koblitz Birger 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCatalogue services provide the discovery and location mechanisms that allow users and applications to locate data on Grids. Replication is a highly desirable feature in these services, since it provides the scalability and reliability required on large data Grids and is the basis for federating catalogues from different organizations. Grid catalogues are often used to store sensitive data and must have access control mechanisms to protect their data. Replication has to take this security policy into account, making sure that replicated information cannot be abused but allowing some flexibility such as selective replication for the sites depending on the level of trust in them. In this paper we discuss the security requirements and implications of several replication scenarios for Grid catalogues based on experiences gained within the EGEE project. Using the security infrastructure of the EGEE Grid as a basis, we then propose a security architecture for replicated Grid catalogues, which, among other features, supports partial and total replication of the security mechanisms on the master. The implementation of this architecture in the AMGA metadata catalogue of the EGEE project is then described including the application to a complex scenario in a biomedical application. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autonomics and data management
Authors: Paton N. W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTraditionally, database management systems have been associated with high‐cost, high‐quality functionalities. That is, powerful capabilities are provided, but only in response to careful design, procurement, deployment and administration. This has been successful in many contexts, but in an environment in which data are available in increasing quantities under the management of a growing collection of distributed applications, and where effective use of available data often provides a competitive edge, there is a requirement for various benefits of a comprehensive data management infrastructure to be made available with rather fewer of the costs. If this requirement is to be met, automation will need to be deployed much more widely and systematically in data management platforms. This paper reviews recent results on autonomic data management, makes a case that current practice presents significant opportunities for further development and argues that comprehensive support for automation should be central to future data management infrastructures, whether centralized or distributed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A toolkit for modelling and simulating data Grids: an extension to GridSim
Authors: Sulistio Anthony , Cibej Uros , Venugopal Srikumar , Robic Borut , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: March 2008

AbstractData Grids are an emerging technology for managing large amounts of distributed data. This technology is highly anticipated by scientific communities, such as in the area of astronomy and high‐energy physics, because their experiments generate massive amounts of data which need to be shared and analysed. Since it is not feasible to test different usages on real testbeds, it is easier to use simulations as a means of studying complex scenarios. This paper presents our work on incorporating data Grids features as an extension to GridSim, a computational Grid simulator. The extension provides essential building blocks for simulating various data Grids scenarios. Moreover, it is designed to be easily extended. This approach makes it easy to try various strategies and to add functionalities to suit the needs of other communities. This paper also gives a detailed description of the design and usage examples demonstrating the versatility of this tool. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Difficulties in the Determination of Target Dry Weight in Hemodialysis During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Shimizu Yoshio , Kaneko Shuzo , Watanabe Fumiyo , Hagiwara Masahiro , Yoh Keigyo , Yamagata Kunihiro , Koyama Akio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDPregnancies in women with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis are rare but are increasingly observed. Estimation of the appropriate dry weight for pregnant women on hemodialysis is very difficult.METHODSWe report a successful pregnancy in a hemodialysis patient; however, this patient did develop transient congestive heart failure during the third trimester.RESULTSBoth mother and fetus made stable progress until the third trimester. The patient was admitted to our hospital after 33 weeks of pregnancy, and her target dry weight was gradually increased from 61.0 to 61.5 kg over a week to adjust for pregnancy‐induced weight gain. She then developed symptoms of congestive heart failure, and her cardiotocograph data worsened. The symptoms quickly disappeared when her dry weight was reduced, and she successfully gave birth to a baby the following week. Her clinical course may have refl ected the need for maximum maternal plasma expansion in the third trimester opposed by vascular stiffness induced by chronic kidney disease.CONCLUSIONOur experience with this patient suggests that care is required in setting an appropriate target dry weight in the late phase of pregnancy.
Dual Electrode Ensembles with Core and Shell Nanoelectrodes for Dopamine Sensing Applications
Authors: Yoon Hargsoon , Hankins Phillip T. , Varadan Vijay K. , Harbaugh Robert E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the fabrication of dual electrode ensembles for electrochemical sensing of dopamine. A new dual electrode ensemble consists of vertically aligned core nanowire electrodes and a shell electrode with a hemi‐cylindrical nanocavity structure and submicron inter‐electrode spacing between the two working electrodes. By using a 3‐dimensional cavity structure of two working electrodes, collection efficiency in redox cycling of dopamine is enhanced. Initial measurement results show the ability to detect 200 μM concentration of dopamine with 69% collection efficiency on a dual electrode ensemble.
Estimation of the multiple testing burden for genomewide association studies of nearly all common variants
Authors: Pe'er Itsik , Yelensky Roman , Altshuler David , Daly Mark J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGenomewide association studies are an exciting strategy in genetics, recently becoming feasible and harvesting many novel genes linked to multiple phenotypes. Determining the significance of results in the face of testing a genomewide set of multiple hypotheses, most of which are producing noisy, null‐distributed association signals, presents a challenge to the wide community of association researchers. Rather than each study engaging in independent evaluation of significance standards, we have undertaken the task of developing such standards for genomewide significance, based on data collected by the International Haplotype Map Consortium. We report an estimated testing burden of a million independent tests genomewide in Europeans, and twice that number in Africans. We further identify the sensitivity of the testing burden to the required significance level, with implications to staged design of association studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The determiner congruency effect in language production investigated with functional MRI
Authors: Heim Stefan , Friederici Angela D. , Schiller Niels O. , Rüschemeyer Shirley‐Ann , Amunts Katrin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn language production, naming a picture with a gender‐marked determiner phrase is faster in the presence of a distractor noun with the same grammatical gender (congruent condition) as compared with a different grammatical gender (incongruent condition). We investigated the neural correlates of this determiner congruency effect in German with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants named pictures of real objects with determiner phrases (e.g. “der Tisch”—the table) in the presence of a gender‐congruent or gender‐incongruent distractor noun. Different comparisons allow the following functional segregation within the prefrontal cortex. First, the comparison between picture naming versus rest revealed a steeper slope of the haemodynamic response function (HRF) in the gender‐congruent than the gender‐incongruent condition in the left BA 44, suggesting the involvement of BA 44 in determiner selection. HRF amplitude differences between the congruent and the incongruent condition were observed outside the language network in the right fronto‐median wall (congruent > incongruent), and in the left premotor cortex, middle frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and inferior parietal lobe (incongruent > congruent). The latter regions are known to be involved in the processing of incongruence and conflict in general. The data thus reveal the involvement of the left BA 44 in the selection of determiners for language production. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early dissociation of face and object processing: A magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Susac Ana , Ilmoniemi Risto J. , Pihko Elina , Nurminen Jussi , Supek Selma 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe early dissociation in cortical responses to faces and objects was explored with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings and source localization. To control for differences in the low‐level stimulus features, which are known to modulate early brain responses, we created a novel set of stimuli so that their combinations did not have any differences in the visual‐field location, spatial frequency, or luminance contrast. Differing responses to face and object (flower) stimuli were found at about 100 ms after stimulus onset in the occipital cortex. Our data also confirm that the brain response to a complex visual stimulus is not merely a sum of the responses to its constituent parts; the nonlinearity in the response was largest for meaningful stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical and subcortical correlates of functional electrical stimulation of wrist extensor and flexor muscles revealed by fMRI
Authors: Blickenstorfer Armin , Kleiser Raimund , Keller Thierry , Keisker Birgit , Meyer Martin , Riener Robert , Kollias Spyros 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe main scope of this study was to test the feasibility and reliability of FES in a MR‐environment. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used in the rehabilitation therapy of patients after stroke or spinal cord injury to improve their motor abilities. Its principle lies in applying repeated electrical stimulation to the relevant nerves or muscles for eliciting either isometric or concentric contractions of the treated muscles. In this study we report cerebral activation patterns in healthy subjects undergoing fMRI during FES stimulation. We stimulated the wrist extensor and flexor muscles in an alternating pattern while BOLD‐fMRI was recorded. We used both block and event‐related designs to demonstrate their feasibility for recording FES activation in the same cortical and subcortical areas. Six out of fifteen subjects repeated the experiment three times within the same session to control intraindividual variance. In both block and event‐related design, the analysis revealed an activation pattern comprising the contralateral primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex and premotor cortex; the ipsilateral cerebellum; bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, the supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex. Within the same subjects we observed a consistent replication of the activation pattern shown in overlapping regions centered on the peak of activation. Similar time course within these regions were demonstrated in the event‐related design. Thus, both techniques demonstrate reliable activation of the sensorimotor network and eventually can be used for assessing plastic changes associated with FES rehabilitation treatment. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of the unique guanine nucleotide exchange factor, SmgGDS, in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Thill Rebecca , Campbell William B. , Williams Carol L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), SmgGDS, promotes nucleotide exchange by several GTPases in both the Ras and Rho families, especially by RhoA. Because RhoA plays an important role in regulating the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we examined the expression and function of SmgGDS in VSMC. SmgGDS is expressed in primary rat aortic smooth muscle (ASM) cells, primary bovine coronary artery smooth muscle (BCASM) cells, and the immortalized A7r5 line of rat ASM cells. Down regulation of SmgGDS expression by siRNA transfection resulted in a decrease of RhoA‐GTP levels, enhanced cell spreading, and loss of the characteristic elongated morphology of VSMC. A similar morphology was also observed following treatment with the Rho‐kinase inhibitor, Y27632. In contrast, cells with reduced RhoA expression exhibit an elongated shape. Subsequent immunofluorescent staining revealed a disruption of the myosin filament organization in the cells with reduced SmgGDS expression. Further studies analyzed the effect of SmgGDS siRNA transfection on the contraction of A7r5 cells and BCASM cells, which is also a Rho‐regulated pathway. Transfection of SmgGDS siRNA or RhoA siRNA resulted in an impaired ability of the A7r5 and BCASM cells to undergo contraction in a collagen gel matrix. However, phosphorylation of the myosin‐binding subunit of myosin phosphatase (MYPT1) or the light chain of myosin II (MLC) was not altered by downregulating expression of either SmgGDS or RhoA GTPase. Taken together these results identify SmgGDS as a novel regulator of myosin organization and contraction in VSMC. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1760–1770, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell removal with supercritical carbon dioxide for acellular artificial tissue
Authors: Sawada K. , Terada D. , Yamaoka T. , Kitamura S. , Fujisato T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to decellularize artificial tissue without using surfactant solutions. For this purpose, supercritical carbon dioxide was used as the extraction medium.RESULTS: Supercritical carbon dioxide containing a small amount of entrainer was a suitable medium to extract both cell nuclei and cell membranes from artificial tissue. Under gentle extraction conditions (15 MPa, 37 °C), cell nuclei were satisfactorily extracted from tissue within 1 h. In contrast, the efficiency of phospholipid removal depended strongly on the transfer rate of carbon dioxide in the interior of the tissue. Mechanical strength of tissue was not decreased even with prolonged treatment.CONCLUSION: Acellular artificial tissues could be prepared quickly by treatment with a carbon dioxide/entrainer system. The prepared acellular tissue could be obtained in absolutely dry condition. This is advantageous from the viewpoint of long‐term preservation without putrefaction and contamination. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of hyper‐saline wastewater loaded with phenol by the combination of adsorption and an offline bio‐regeneration system
Authors: Gu Xi‐Hui , Zhou Ji‐Ti , Zhang Ai‐Li , Liu Guang‐Fei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Effective treatment of hyper‐saline wastewaters containing phenol is required before their discharge into the sewage system and the environment. An investigation of the feasibility of the use of a combined physical‐biological procedure is reported for the treatment of hyper‐saline phenol wastewater. This process consists of two stages: first the phenol is removed and concentrated by resin XDA‐1 from hyper‐saline effluent, and then it is biodegraded in a subsequent stage with microorganisms to regenerate the adsorbent.RESULTS: The removal of phenol by XDA‐1 was found to be feasible under acidic and neutral conditions. It was found that decreasing temperatures are beneficial for phenol adsorption. The equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich model. Increasing the salinity of the effluent improved the adsorption capacity of XDA‐1, which is an advantage of the combined process for the treatment of saline wastewater. A pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model provided the best correlation with experiment results. Results indicate that phenol desorption is the rate‐limiting step in the bio‐regeneration process under the tested operating conditions. The adsorption and bio‐regeneration process was repeated for up to six cycles, with percentage regeneration (PR) values remaining above 81%.CONCLUSIONS: High PR values, good pore structure, and specific surface properties of the six‐round‐regenerated resin indicated the stability of the combination system in treating hyper‐saline phenol wastewater. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry