bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous and ocular adverse reactions in a dog following meloxicam administration
Authors: Niza Maria M. R. E. , Félix Nuno , Vilela Cristina L. , Peleteiro Maria C. , Ferreira Antonio J. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present report addresses the development of cutaneous and ocular reactions possibly related to meloxicam administration in a dog.Based on clinical signs and absence of laboratory data compatible with the other differential diagnoses considered, the possibility of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) due to meloxicam was considered. Skin biopsy revealed haemorrhage of the superficial and deep dermis, associated with hyperplasia of endothelial cells and epidermal sloughing. Vasculitis in the deep dermis was also noted. Such lesions were considered compatible with an ADR. Although the owner was not aware of any previous allergic reaction to drugs, the animal had a clinical history of atopic dermatitis.Meloxicam is a nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the oxicam family, indicated for the control of inflammation and pain in acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders in dogs. Although meloxicam is usually well tolerated, the present clinical case represents an alert to practitioners about the potential role of NSAIDS in ADRs in dogs with a history of allergic cutaneous diseases.
Effect of hCG Stimulation on Plasma Androstenone Concentrations and Cytochrome b5 Levels in Testicular Tissue
Authors: Zamaratskaia G , Lou Y , Chen G , Andresen Ø , Lundström K , Squires EJ 
Published: January 2007

ContentsThe effect of Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation on the concentrations of free and conjugated androstenone in plasma was studied in 34 crossbred entire male pigs (Landrace × Swedish Yorkshire). Seventeen pigs were treated with hCG 4 days prior to slaughter and the remaining pigs were treated with sterile saline and served as controls. Blood samples were taken prior to hCG or saline injection and on the day before slaughter and analysed for concentrations of free and conjugated androstenone. Testicular tissue samples were taken at slaughter and analysed for the levels of cytochrome b5 (cyb5) protein. Here we have demonstrated for the first time that hCG stimulation causes an increase in the plasma levels of both free and conjugated androstenone. Not all animals responded in the same way to hCG treatment regarding levels of free and conjugated androstenone demonstrating that individual animals can have differences in their capacity to produce free and conjugated androstenone. We suggest that hCG treatment is a good way to determine the potential for androstenone conjugation when androstenone synthesis in the testis is high. The levels of cyb5 protein in the testis were slightly related (r = 0.41, p < 0.10) to free androstenone levels in the pigs after hCG administration, although levels of cyb5 protein were not affected by hCG treatment.
A diagnostic algorithm for male genital oedema
Authors: Weinberger LN , Zirwas MJ , English JC 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMale genital oedema can be defined as swelling or the appearance of swelling of the scrotum and/or the penile shaft and prepuce. Despite the various causes of genital oedema reported in the published work, a concise approach to the evaluation and management has not been sufficiently addressed.
Simvastatin protects neurons from cytotoxicity by up‐regulating Bcl‐2 mRNA and protein
Authors: Johnson‐Anuna Leslie N. , Eckert Gunter P. , Franke Cornelia , Igbavboa Urule , Müller Walter E. , Wood W. Gibson 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStatins are most commonly prescribed to reduce hypercholesterolemia; however, recent studies have shown that statins have additional benefits, including neuroprotection. Until now, the mechanism underlying statin‐induced neuroprotection has been poorly understood. Recent in vivo studies from our lab reported the novel finding that simvastatin increased expression levels of a gene encoding for a major cell survival protein, bcl‐2 [Johnson‐Anuna et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.312 (2005) 786]. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine if simvastatin could protect neurons from excitotoxicity by altering Bcl‐2 levels. Neurons were pre‐treated with simvastatin and challenged with a compound known to reduce Bcl‐2 levels and induce cell death. Simvastatin pre‐treatment resulted in a significant reduction in cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase release and caspase 3 activation) following challenge compared with unchallenged neurons. In addition, chronic simvastatin treatment significantly increased Bcl‐2 mRNA and protein levels while challenge resulted in a significant reduction in Bcl‐2 protein abundance. G3139, an antisense oligonucleotide directed against Bcl‐2, abolished the protective effects of simvastatin and eliminated simvastatin‐induced up‐regulation of Bcl‐2 protein. These findings suggest that neuroprotection by simvastatin is dependent on the drug’s previously unexplored and important effect of up‐regulating Bcl‐2.
Designing the Cash and Counseling Demonstration and Evaluation
Authors: Doty Pamela , Mahoney Kevin J. , Simon‐Rusinowitz Lori 
Published: January 2007

Objective. The Cash and Counseling Demonstration and Evaluation (CCDE) was designed as an experiment in shifting the paradigm in home and community‐based long‐term care from a professional/bureaucratic model of service delivery to one emphasizing consumer choice and control. The experimental intervention was an individualized budget offered in lieu of traditional Medicaid‐covered services, such as agency‐delivered aide services or a plan of care developed and coordinated by a professional case‐manager, which typically involves authorization for several different providers to deliver a range of services. Within the spending limits established by their budgets, program participants were largely free to choose the types and amounts of paid services and supports they judged best able to meet their disability‐related personal assistance needs.Study Population. Medicaid beneficiaries in selected states who volunteered to participate. In all of the participating state Medicaid programs, beneficiaries eligible to participate included elders and younger adults with chronic disabilities and, in one state, adults and children with mental retardation/developmental disabilities could also participate. Minor children and adults with cognitive impairment could participate via representatives (family or friends who agreed to assist them in managing their services or to act as their surrogate decision‐makers).Data Sources. Members of the CCDE management team describe the rationale for and implications of key design decisions.Study Design. Key design decisions included the choice of research methodology (random assignment of CCDE participants in each state to treatment and control groups), selection of the state sites (AR, FL, NJ, NY), and the need for the CCDE to comply with federal waiver requirements for Medicaid research and demonstration projects.Principle Findings. The CCDE design was successfully implemented in three of the four state Medicaid programs selected for participation.Conclusions. The successful implementation of the CCDE (results from the evaluation are reported elsewhere) led to replication efforts in other states. The CCDE also inspired changes in Medicaid law and policy, including the 2002 “Independence Plus” Initiative by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid and sections of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 intended to promote consumer‐direction in Medicaid.
Multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas successfully treated with CO2 laser
Authors: Klemke Claus‐Detlev , Held Bjšrn , Dippel Edgar , Goerdt Sergij 
Published: January 2007

SummaryJuvenile xanthogranulomas are a rare disease entity within the spectrum of cutaneous non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses characterized by single or multiple cutaneous xanthogranulomas without further organ involvement. A 16‐year‐old girl developed multiple xanthogranulomas in various skin regions, especially the trunk and the flexural areas, over a period of 6 months. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by H&E histology, showing a histiocytic infiltrate admixed with foam cells and Touton giant cells, and by immunohistochemistry using anti‐bodies to stabilin‐1 whose expression is highly specific for cutaneous non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses. No diabetes insipidus, pituitary hyperplasia or paraproteinemia were observed. Skin lesions were treated with a CO2 laser and did not reappear during a 5 years follow‐up period.
Genital and Subjective Measurement of the Time Course Effects of an Acute Dose of Testosterone vs. Placebo in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Heard-Davison Amy , Heiman Julia R. , Kuffel Stephanie 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recent research on the impact of testosterone (T) on female sexual function has yielded inconsistent results, and few studies have used physiological measures of genital arousal.

Aim
This study examined the effects of an acute dose of methyltestosterone (MT) on physiological (genital) and subjective sexual response in postmenopausal women.

Main Outcome Measures
Vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) and self-reported sexual response.

Methods
Randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial of 5 mg MT, consisting of two separate 8-hour visits. Participants were 10 postmenopausal women without sexual dysfunction. Participants viewed both neutral and erotic video segments during five post-dose trials while their genital and subjective responses were monitored.

Results
The Wilcoxon signed rank test indicated a significant difference in VPA between the T (M=0.018, SD=0.018) and placebo (M=0.016, SD=0.017) conditions at 4.5 hours post-dose (P =0.03). Higher difference scores were noted for 80% of subjects during the T condition at 4.5 hours, in contrast with only 50% of subjects responding to T at the other four time points. No differences were found on VPA relative change scores or subjective sexual arousal scores. When summed across all five time points, genital and subjective measures were correlated regardless of medication condition (0.62 and 0.60 for self-reported physical and mental sexual arousal scores, respectively).

Conclusion
These findings in postmenopausal women combined with those of two previous investigations in premenopausal women demonstrate a probable acute-dose time delay for genital sexual effects of exogenous T with no change in self-reported sexual arousal. Further investigation is needed to determine whether acute dosing of T has a consistent and predictable impact on genital arousal that has promise for the treatment of any subgroup of women with sexual disorders.
Substantial Improvements in Performance Indicators Achieved in a Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cryopreservation Quality Assurance Program Using Single Donor Samples
Authors: Dyer Wayne B. , Pett Sarah L. , Sullivan John S. , Emery Sean , Cooper David A. , Kelleher Anthony D. , Lloyd Andrew , Lewin Sharon R. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Storage of high-quality cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is often a requirement for multicenter clinical trials and requires a reproducibly high standard of practice. A quality assurance program (QAP) was established to assess an Australia-wide network of laboratories in the provision of high-quality PBMC (determined by yield, viability, and function), using blood taken from single donors (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] positive and HIV negative) and shipped to each site for preparation and cryopreservation of PBMC. The aim of the QAP was to provide laboratory accreditation for participation in clinical trials and cohort studies which require preparation and cryopreservation of PBMC and to assist all laboratories to prepare PBMC with a viability of >80% and yield of >50% following thawing. Many laboratories failed to reach this standard on the initial QAP round. Interventions to improve performance included telephone interviews with the staff at each laboratory, two annual wet workshops, and direct access to a senior scientist to discuss performance following each QAP round. Performance improved substantially in the majority of sites that initially failed the QAP (
P
= 0.002 and
P
= 0.001 for viability and yield, respectively). In a minority of laboratories, there was no improvement (
n
= 2), while a high standard was retained at the laboratories that commenced with adequate performance (
n
= 3). These findings demonstrate that simple interventions and monitoring of PBMC preparation and cryopreservation from multiple laboratories can significantly improve performance and contribute to maintenance of a network of laboratories accredited for quality PBMC fractionation and cryopreservation.
Validation of MERIS Cloud-Top Pressure Using Airborne Lidar Measurements
Authors: Lindstrot Rasmus , Preusker Rene , Ruhtz Thomas , Heese Birgit , Wiegner Matthias , Lindemann Carsten , Fischer Jürgen 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The results of a validation of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) operational Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) cloud-top pressure (CTP) product by airborne lidar measurements are presented. MERIS, mounted on the polar-orbiting ESA Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), provides radiance measurements within the oxygen A absorption band around 761 nm. The exploitation of these data allows the retrieval of CTP. The validation flights were performed in the northeastern part of Germany between April and June 2004 and were temporally and spatially synchronized with the ENVISAT overpasses. The Cessna 207T of the Freie Universität Berlin was equipped with the portable lidar system (POLIS) of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and a GPS navigation system. The maximum flying altitude was around 3000 m; therefore, the validation measurements were limited to situations with low-level clouds only. The validation was done by comparing MERIS data and lidar data. The statistical analysis of the observations revealed a high accuracy of the MERIS CTP product for low-level clouds, apart from a slight systematic overestimation of cloud-top heights. The root-mean-square error was 249 m, with a bias of +232 m. In the average top height level of ∼2000 m, these values are commensurate to pressure values of 24 hPa (rmse) and −22 hPa (bias). Furthermore, this validation campaign revealed deficiencies of the MERIS cloud mask to detect small-scale broken clouds.
Effect of a school health programme on ensuring safe environments for primary school children
Authors: Adegbenro Caleb A 
Published: January 2007

Aim: The school health programme (SHP), which focuses on promoting safe environments for school children, has not been given proper attention in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of SHP on ensuring safe environments for primary school children. Methods: The study was conducted in ten primary schools in Ife-Central Local Government Area (IFLGA) of Osun State, Nigeria. The ten schools were those that are used by medical students of Obafemi Awolowo University for their clinical rotation posting in Community Health. Hence, these students were used as research assistants. The study employed experimental design and an observational checklist was used to collect data. The project was carried out over a period of three years from 2002–2005. During this period, the students carried out some aspects of SHP by constantly giving health talks to pupils and school personnel on the promotion of optimum sanitary condition in schools. Data were collected on existing facilities in schools and behavioural practices that can promote safe environments both pre-and post-intervention by the SHP. Results: Comparing the two results showed that a well organized and properly executed SHP can be used to create safe environments for school children. Concluion: The study recommends that the SHP should be implemented in all primary schools in Nigeria.
Expression patterns of CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 in primary and metastatic cancers
Authors: Blumenthal Rosalyn D , Leon Evelyn , Hansen Hans J , Goldenberg David M 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundMany breast, pancreatic, colonic and non-small-cell lung carcinoma lines express CEACAM6 (NCA-90) and CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), and antibodies to both can affect tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Here, we compare both antigens as a function of histological phenotype in breast, pancreatic, lung, ovarian, and prostatic cancers, including patient-matched normal, primary tumor, and metastatic breast and colonic cancer specimens.MethodsAntigen expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarrays with MN-15 and MN-3 antibodies targeting the A1B1- and N-domains of CEACAM6, respectively, and the MN-14 antibody targeting the A3B3 domain of CEACAM5. IHC was performed using avidin-biotin-diaminobenzide staining. The average score ± SD (0 = negative/8 = highest) for each histotype was recorded.ResultsFor all tumors, the amount of CEACAM6 expressed was greater than that of CEACAM5, and reflected tumor histotype. In breast tumors, CEACAM6 was highest in papillary > infiltrating ductal > lobular > phyllodes; in pancreatic tumors, moderately-differentiated > well-differentiated > poorly-differentiated tumors; mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas had almost 3-fold more CEACAM6 than serous ovarian adenocarcinomas; lung adenocarcinomas > squamous tumors; and liver metastases of colonic carcinoma > primary tumors = lymph nodes metastases > normal intestine. However, CEACAM6 expression was similar in prostate cancer and normal tissues. The amount of CEACAM6 in metastatic colon tumors found in liver was higher than in many primary colon tumors. In contrast, CEACAM6 immunostaining of lymph node metastases from breast, colon, or lung tumors was similar to the primary tumor.ConclusionCEACAM6 expression is elevated in many solid tumors, but variable as a function of histotype. Based on previous work demonstrating a role for CEACAM6 in tumor cell migration, invasion and adhesion, and formation of distant metastases (Blumenthal et al., Cancer Res 65: 8809–8817, 2005), it may be a promising target for antibody-based therapy.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 2 (EP2) regulates microglial activation and associated neurotoxicity induced by aggregated α-synuclein
Authors: Jin Jinghua , Shie Feng-Shiun , Liu Jun , Wang Yan , Davis Jeanne , Schantz Aimee M , Montine Kathleen S , Montine Thomas J , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, although evidence has suggested that neuroinflammation characterized by activation of resident microglia in the brain may contribute significantly to neurodegeneration in PD. It has been demonstrated that aggregated α-synuclein potently activates microglia and causes neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms by which aggregated α-synuclein activates microglia are not understood fully.MethodsWe investigated the role of prostaglandin E2receptor subtype 2 (EP2) in α-synuclein aggregation-induced microglial activation usingex vivo, in vivo and in vitroexperimental systems.ResultsResults demonstrated that ablation of EP2(EP2-/-) significantly enhanced microglia-mediatedex vivoclearance of α-synuclein aggregates (from mesocortex of Lewy body disease patients) while significantly attenuating neurotoxicity and extent of α-synuclein aggregation in mice treated with a parkinsonian toxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Furthermore, we report that reduced neurotoxicity by EP2-/-microglia could be attributed to suppressed translocation of a critical cytoplasmic subunit (p47-phox) of NADPH oxidase (PHOX) to the membranous compartment after exposure to aggregated α-synuclein.ConclusionThus, it appears that microglial EP2 plays a critical role in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) after thoracic radiotherapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Cornelissen Robin , Senan Suresh , Antonisse Imogeen E , Liem Hauw , Tan Youke KY , Rudolphus Arjan , Aerts Joachim GJV 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Common complications of thoracic radiotherapy include esophagitis and radiation pneumonitis. However, it is important to be aware of uncommon post-radiotherapy complications such as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). We report on two patients with carcinoma of the breast who developed an interstitial lung disease consistent with BOOP. BOOP responds to treatment with corticosteroids and the prognosis is generally good despite of the need for long-term administration of corticosteroids as relapses can occur during tapering of steroids. This report provides guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of patients with pulmonary infiltrates after radiotherapy.
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Cerebellar Infarction
Authors: Savitz Sean I. , Caplan Louis R. , Edlow Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract Background Cerebellar infarctions are an important cause of neurologic disease. Failure to recognize and rapidly diagnose cerebellar infarction may lead to serious morbidity and mortality due to hydrocephalus and brain stem infarction. Objectives To identify sources of preventable medical errors, the authors obtained pilot data on cerebellar ischemic strokes that were initially misdiagnosed in the emergency department. Methods Fifteen cases of misdiagnosed cerebellar infarctions were collected, all seen, or reviewed by the authors during a five‐year period. For each patient, they report the presenting symptoms, the findings on neurologic examination performed in the emergency department, specific areas of the examination not performed or documented, diagnostic testing, the follow‐up course after misdiagnosis, and outcome. The different types of errors leading to misdiagnosis are categorized. Results Half of the patients were younger than 50 years and presented with headache and dizziness. All patients had either incomplete or poorly documented neurologic examinations. Almost all patients had a computed tomographic scan of the head interpreted as normal, and most of these patients underwent subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showing cerebellar infarction. The initial incorrect diagnoses included migraine, toxic encephalopathy, gastritis, meningitis, myocardial infarction, and polyneuropathy. The overall mortality in this patient cohort was 40%. Among the survivors, about 50% had disabling deficits. Pitfalls leading to misdiagnosis involved the clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing, and establishing a diagnosis and disposition. Conclusions This study demonstrates how the diagnosis of cerebellar infarction can be missed or delayed in patients presenting to the emergency department.
Can Virtue Reliabilism Explain the Value of Knowledge?
Authors: Brogaard Berit 
Published: January 2007

I IntroductionA fundamental intuition about knowledge is that it is more valuable than mere true belief. This intuition is pervasive. We have an almost universal desire to know and nearly no desire to believe the truth accidentally. However, it turns out to be extremely difficult to explain why knowledge is more valuable. Linda Zagzebski and others have called this the ‘value problem.’ They argue that the value problem is particularly difficult to unravel for generic reliabilism. According to generic reliabilism, knowledge is true belief produced by reliable belief-forming processes or faculties. But, the critics argue, ‘the reliability of the source of a belief cannot explain the [value difference] between knowledge and true belief.’ For reliably formed beliefs allegedly are valuable only insofar as they tend to be true.