bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHREDDED WHEAT
Authors: LAURINDO J.B. , PELEG M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to evaluate a methodology for mechanical characterization of brittle foods with strong anisotropy. Spoon‐sized pieces of three commercial brands of dry shredded wheat were chosen for the demonstration. They were compressed along their three principal axes, individually and grouped in the same orientation. The force‐displacement curves in the three directions were all irregular and irreproducible but had discernible features characteristic of the specimen's orientation. When tested as constrained groups, these features could change, depending on the compression direction, reflecting on the contribution of the broken structure's remnants to the specimen's mechanical resistance. The assemblies’ force‐displacement curves were all smoother than those of the individual particles, a result of the “averaging effect.” The overall force level could not be predicted from the number of pieces because of differences in the specimens’ post‐failure response to added deformation. The jaggedness of the normalized (dimensionless) force oscillations record was quantified in terms of an apparent Kolmogorov (fractal) dimension, determined with the box counting algorithm. Its value strongly depended on the smoothing model's goodness fit if the fit was too close, but not if it only captured the general shape of the force‐displacement curve. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDespite the irregular and irreproducible mechanical signature of shredded wheat and the dependence on the specimens’ orientation, it is still possible to characterize the products’ mechanical properties in a way that distinguishes between their overall strength and brittleness. The described method could help to quantify textural differences between these and other brittle food products, and probably identify the conditions under which crunchiness would be maintained or lost.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND BOSTWICK MEASUREMENT DURING MANUFACTURE OF KETCHUP
Authors: MCCARTHY KATHRYN L. , SACHER ROBERT F. , GARVEY T. CASEY 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT The Bostwick consistometer remains an integral part of assessing the consistency of tomato products. For instance, the consistency of lots of tomato paste are designated at the factory by their Bostwick measurement; tomato ketchup is produced to meet Bostwick ranges given in U.S. Standards for Grades. This work addresses the blending of tomato pastes, at different Bostwick readings, for use in the remanufacture of ketchup. For both blends and ketchup, the Bostwick measurement was correlated to rheological parameters measured by two methods: a single‐point method and rotational viscometry. The correlations between the Bostwick measurement and the viscosity were compared with the theoretical prediction based on gravity current flow. The results illustrate that the relationship between the Bostwick measurement and (K/ρ)−1/(2n+3) provides a means to predict the Bostwick length from at‐line or in‐line viscosity measurements.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of this work provide a means to predict the Bostwick length from at‐line or in‐line viscosity measurements. Specifically, the quantitative relationships presented in the article allow in‐line process control schemes to improve final product quality.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE DENSITY, PROP SENSITIVITY AND BREAD ROUGHNESS PERCEPTION
Authors: BAKKE ALYSSA , VICKERS ZATA 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if fungiform papillae density and 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity were correlated with bread roughness intensity and discrimination. We hypothesized that individuals more sensitive to PROP and with higher fungiform papillae densities would perceive enhanced bread roughness and would have better roughness discrimination abilities. Thirty‐seven panelists rated the roughness of bread samples that had been differentially staled to manipulate roughness. Panelists also rated bitterness and sweetness intensities. The samples included series of 100% whole wheat and 100% refined wheat breads that had been staled for 0–5 days. We measured each subject's fungiform papillae density and perceived PROP intensity. Contrary to our hypothesis, panelists with greater papillae densities did not perceive greater roughness intensities and were not better at discriminating roughness differences. Panelists who perceived greater PROP intensity, however, perceived greater roughness, bitterness and sweetness intensities and were better able to discriminate roughness differences. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study adds to the growing body of research that correlates 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity with food texture perception. It expands the current findings to a solid food product. It also adds to the small body of literature examining the effects of fungiform papillae density on texture perception but contrary to previous research finds no effects of fungiform papillae density on texture perception. This research also expands our current knowledge of roughness and bitterness differences between whole wheat and refined bread and how roughness and bitterness perception in bread relate to PROP sensitivity. This knowledge is important because supertasters show greater dislike for whole wheat breads, which may affect bread choices and consumer health. Consumption of whole grain foods, including whole wheat bread, has been linked to reduced risk of coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, certain cancers, and all‐cause mortality.
ADDITIVE EFFECTS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ALGINATE GELS
Authors: ZHANG J. , DAUBERT C.R. , MULLIGAN J.H. , FOEGEDING E.A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT The effects of dextran and glycerol on the rheological properties of 1.25% alginate gels were studied. Although the dextran and glycerol dramatically changed the viscosity of the alginate solution, the gelation kinetics was not affected. This observation may be attributed to the fact that the gelling process was controlled by the combination of carboxylic groups in alginate chains with Ca2
+
, and not by the diffusion process of alginate molecules and Ca2
+
through the viscous medium. The small‐strain shear modulus of alginate gels with either low molecular‐weight dextran (MW: 140,000 Da) or glycerol remained nearly constant, as did the large deformation and fracture properties. The addition of high molecular‐weight dextran (MW: 4–5 million Da) altered the small‐strain shear modulus and lowered the gel fracture stress of the alginate gels, while the fracture strain remained the same. The change in small‐strain shear modulus and large deformation and fracture properties for alginate gels with high MW dextran cannot simply be explained by the change in viscosity of the gel liquid phase. A plausible explanation for this behavior is that, in some manner, large dextran molecules influenced the alginate gel network. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSA common characteristic of food gels is a three‐dimensional network formed by primary gel‐forming materials, such as proteins and polysaccharides. Alongside the gelling material(s), additives are frequently included to attain desirable functionality. The gel network stabilizes the system, and the physiochemical properties of gels are dominated by structural organization at the molecular level. The inclusion of additives may affect physical and chemical properties of the gels, and subsequently, the rheological properties. Rational optimization of product formulations and processing conditions of food gels depends on a better understanding of the impact of additives on processing and rheological properties.
Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Aspects of Torsion of the Canine Stomach
Authors: FUNKQUIST B. , GARMER L. 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARYIn dogs that had survived attacks of gastric torsion, X‐ray examination after subsidence of the acute symptoms usually disclosed retarded emptying of the stomach with normal or, in some cases, hyperactive motility, apparently due to pyloric sphincter dysfunction. On the basis of these findings it is hypothesized that torsion should be regarded as the final stage of a chronic dilatation of the stomach stemming from the deranged emptying mechanism.Intensive nonsurgical management of the acute phase, with evacuation of the stomach via trocarization and repeated introduction of a stout gastric tube, appears superior to primary surgical treatment insofar as the early results are concerned. The abovementioned roentgenologic observation has led the authors to try, in the hope of preventing recurrences, operative correction of the disordered emptying mechanism by means of gastrojejunostomy or pyloroplasty. As yet the series is too small and the follow‐up times too short for therapeutic evaluation of these surgical procedures.
Dyspnoea in the Cat—I Aetiology
Authors: WILKINSON G. T. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract— The aetiological factors involved in the production of dyspnoea in the cat are classified and discussed.Résumé— L'article présente une classification et une discussion des facteurs étiologiques responsables de la production de la dyspnée chez le chat.Zusammenfassung— Die ätiologischen Faktoren, die bei Katzen zu Atemnot führen, werden systematisch eingeordnet und besprochen.
The Estimation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in the Dog*
Authors: HARVEY D. G. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract— Four readily available methods for the estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase have been compared using dog sera with varying levels of the enzyme's activity. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to adapt two of the newer methods which are available commercially to permit simple visual assessments to be made without using an absorbtiometer.Résumé— Quatre méthodes aisément disponibles pour l'évaluation de la phosphatase de sérum alcalin ont été comparées en utilisant des sérums de chien à des niveaux différents d'activité de l'enzyme. Il a été démontré qu'il est possible d'adapter deux des méthodes plus nouvelles disponibles dans le commerce pour permettre de faire des évaluations visuelles sans utiliser un absorptiomètre.Zusammenfassung— Vier leicht zugängliche Methoden zur Schätzung von Serum‐Alkaliphos‐phatase wurden unter Verwendung von Hundeserum mit unterschiedlichen Spiegeln in der Enzym‐aktivität vergliechen. Es wurde die Möglichkeit erwiesen, zwei der neuesten, verfügbaren Methoden durch kommerzielle Anpassung zu verwenden, urn einfache, visuelle Bewertungen ohne Benutzung eines Absorptiometers zu gestatten.
The Diagnosis of Canine Cardiac Disease
Authors: TAYLOR D. H. , SITTNIKOW K. L. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract— Auscultation, roentgenograms and electrocardiograms (E.C.G.) were used in diagnosing cardiac disease in 166 dogs. In clinical examination, careful auscultation is the most important method of diagnosing cardiac disease. Confirmation of a diagnosis of cardiac disease and an evaluation of its severity can best be obtained through the use of the roentgenogram and E.C.G. The roentgenogram is especially useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of valvular disease, which accounts for 75 per cent of all cardiac disease. The E.C.G. is useful in diagnosing myocardial disease and evaluating roentgenologically enlarged hearts. Acquired disease, accounting for 90 per cent of all cardiac disease, is seen in older dogs, whilst congenital disease occurs in young dogs.Résumé— L'auteur a diagnostiqué des maladies du coeur chez 166 chiens, par l'ausculation, la radiographie et l'électrocardiographie. L'ausculation méticuleuse constitue la plus importante des méthodes cliniques propres au diagnostic des maladies du coeur. La radiographie et I'électrocardiographie sont les meilleurs moyens de confirmer le diagnostic et d'évaluer la gravite de l'état cardiaque. La radiographie est particulièrement utile pour le diagnostic et l'évaluation des désordres valvulaires, qui constituent 75 pour cent de la totalité des maladies cardiaques. L'électrocardiographie est utile pour diagnostiquer les affections du myocarde et pour évaluer les dilatations per‐ceptibles à la radiographie. Les maladies acquises, soit 90 pour cent de la totalité des maladies du coeur, se constatent chez les chiens relativement âgés, et les maladies congénitales, chez les jeunes.Zusammenfassung— Auskultation, Roentgenaufnahmen und Elektrokardiogramm (E.K.G.) wurden zur Diagnostizierung von Herzkrankheiten in 166 Hunden angewandt. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung ist eine sorgfaeltige Auskultation die wichtigste Methode zur Diagnostizierung von Herzkrankheiten. Um die Diagnose zu bestaetigen und den Ernst der Herzkrankheit festzustellen, verwendet man am besten Roentgenaufnahnien und E.K.G. Roentgenaufnahmen sind besonders nutzlich beim Diagnostizieren und Bewerten von Herzklappenfehlern, die 75% aller Herzkrank heiten ausmachen. Das E.K.G. ist nutzlich fuer das Diagnostizieren von Herzmuskelerkrankungen und das Auswerten von roentgenologisch vergroesserten Herzen. Erworbene Herzfehler, die 90% aller Herzkrankheiten ausmachen, finden sich bei aelteren Hunden, waehrend angeborene Fehler bei jungen Hunden auftreten.
Breeding Dogs for Experimental Purposes: I: Breeding installations, breeding processes and maintenance conditions
Authors: SCHUMACHER W. , STRASSER H. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract— A description is given of an installation for breeding experimental dogs and deals with the general design and details of the equipment, the breeding process and maintenance conditions. The measures used for prophylaxis against infectious diseases and treatment for endoparasites are also outlined.Résumé— Description d'un chenil reproduction de chiens de laboratoire: conception, aménagement, reproduction, entretien, mesures prophylactiques contre les maladies infectieuses, et lutte contre les endoparasites.Zusammenfassung— Eine Anlage zur Zuechtung experimenteller Hunde, die allgemeine Be‐schaffenheit sowie gewisse naehere Einzelheiten der Ausruestung, der Zuechtungsprozess und die Wartung werden beschrieben. Ausserdem werden Massnahmen zur Prophylaxe gegen Infektions‐krankheiten und die Behandlung von Endoparasiten skizziert.
Breeding Dogs for Experimental Purposes: II: Assessment of 8‐year breeding records for two Beagle strains
Authors: STRASSER H. , SCHUMACHER W. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract— On the basis of the evaluation of Beagle breeding records extending over a 8‐year period dealing with one strain of English dogs and one of American dogs, criteria are pointed out which are of value when assessing the productivity of the total breeding station and of the individual bitch. These criteria form the basis of breeding and commercial planning. The question as to how long the individual bitch can remain productive for breeding and when she should be excluded from breeding for economic considerations is discussed.Résumé— Sur la base de données relatives à 8 années d'activité d'un chenil d'élevage de chiens Beagle de race anglaise et de race américaine, I'auteur définit divers critères permettant d'évaluer la productivité totale du chenil et celle de chaque chienne. Ces critères servent de base aux prévisions en matière de reproduction et de vente. L'auteur examine en outre la dude de vie utile de la chienne reproductrice et la durée de reproduction rentable.Zusammenfassung— Eine Auswertung von Protokollen der Spuerhundzuechtung (Beagle), die sich ueber einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren erstrecken und je eine Zucht englischer und amerikanischer Hunde umfassen, ist die Basis von Kriterien, die alswervtoll fuer eine Abschaetzung der Produktivitaet sowohl einer gesamten Zuechterei als auch einer einzelnen Huendin aufgefuehrt werden. Diese Kriterien bilden die Grundlage fuer die Zucht und fuer die kommerzielle Planung. Die Frage, wielange eine einzelne Huendin fuer die Zuechtung produktiv bleiben kann und wann sie am wirtschaftlichen Gruenden vom Zuechten ausgeschlouen werden soll, wird behandelt.
Treatment of Microsporum canis Ringworm in a Cat Colony
Authors: DAWSON CHRISTINE O. , NODDLE BARBARA M. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract— The treatment and control measures used during an outbreak of feline ringworm caused by Microsporum canis are described. During the outbreak the presence of the dermatophyte on the coats of clinically normal cats was demonstrated by the use of Mackenzie's brush technique. This method of examination is suggested as being the most effective and rapid means of ensuring that dermatophyte infection is not introduced into a colony by new cats.Résumé— L'auteur décrit le traitement et les mesures antiparasitaires appliqués à l'occasion d'une épizootie de teigne féline, provoquée par Microsporum canis. La préence du dermatophyte sur le poil de chats cliniquement normaux a été décelée par la technique de la brosse Mackenzie, méthode particulièrement rapide et efficace, propre à éviter la contamination d'une colonie de chats par des dermatophytes importés de l'extérieur.Zusammenfassung— Die Behandlung und die Kontrollmassnahmen während eines Ausbruchs von durch Microsporum caniJ verursachter Katzenringwurmkrankheit werden beschrieben. Wahrend der Krankheit wde das Vorhandensein der Dermatophyten in den Pelzen klinisch normaler Katzen durch Anwendung der Mackenzieschen Pinselmethode demonstriert. Diese Untersuchungs methode wird ah wirksamste und schnellste vorgeschlagen, die gewährleistet, dass die Dermatophyten nicht durch neue Katzen in eine Kolonie eingeschleppt werden.
A case of post‐operative generalized staphylococcal infection in a bitch
Authors: AJMAL M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA case of post‐operative generalized infection in a 9‐year‐old, cross‐bred terrier bitch is described. A coagulase‐positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from an acute inflammatory lesion in the foreleg (the site of intravenous injection), the viscera and the major limb joints. The animal showed lesions of endocarditis, myocarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, splenic infarcts and polyarthritis. It is suggested that the entry of the organism and its preliminary multiplication occurred at the site of the intravenous injection of the anaesthetic used for inducing a general anaesthesia.Résumé. Observation d'une septicémie post‐opératoire chez une chienne terrier métissée de 9 ans. On a isolé une souche de staphylocoques dorés coagulase‐positive à partir d'un foyer inflammatoire aigu de la patte antérieure (siège d'une injection intraveineuse), des viscères et des grandes articulations des membres. L'animal présentait des lésions d'endocardite, de myocardite, d'hépatite, de néphrite, d'infarctus de la rate et de polyarthrite. On suppose que le germe Pathogène a pénétré dans l'organisme et s'est multiplié tout d'abord au lieu de l'injection intraveineuse de l'anesthésique utilisé pour provoquer une anesthésie générale.Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von postoperativer generalisierter Infektion bei einer 9 Jahre alten Terrier‐Hündin aus einer Kreuzung wird beschrieben. Aus einer akuten entzündlichen Läsion am Vorderbein (der Stelle einer intravenösen Injektion), den Eingeweiden und den grossen Gliedmassengelenken wurde ein koagulasepositiver Stamm von Staphylococcus aureus isoliert. Das Tier zeigte Läsionen von Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Hepatitis, Nephritis, Milzinfarkten und Polyarthritis. Es wird angenommen, dass der Eintritt des Organismus und die anfängliche Vermehrung an der Stelle der intravenösen Injektion des für eine Vollnarkose gegebenen Narkotikums erfolgte.
A new technique for liver resection in the dog
Authors: DINGWALL J. S. , de BOER J. , ARCHIBALD J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe ‘finger‐fracture’ technique for liver resection is presented as a new technique, for use in the surgical management of liver biopsy, repair of trauma and resection of pathologic hepatic conditions. The main features of this technique are simplicity, and the reduction of haemorrhage.Résumé. La technique ‘finger‐fracture’ pour la résection du foie est présentée comme nouveau mode chirurgical des biopsies hépatiques, des réparations des lésions traumatiques et les résections du foie au cours de divers états pathologiques. Les principales caractéristiques de cette technique sont sa simplicité et la réduction des hémorragies.Zusammenfassung. Die ‘Fingerfraktur’‐Methode der Leberresektion wird als eine neue Methode der chirurgischen Leberbiopsie, Traumabehandlung und Resektion pathologischer Zustände der Leber beschrieben. Die Hauptvorzüge dieser Methode sind ihre Einfachheit und die Verminderung der Blutung.
Electroencephalography in canine head injury
Authors: CROFT PHYLLIS G. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe EEGs of 153 dogs with head injury have been analysed. The value of electroencephalography in diagnosis, prognosis and selection of treatment is discussed.Zusammenfassung. Die EEGs von 153 Hunden mit Kopfverletzungen wurden analysiert. Der Wert der Elektroenzephalographie für die Diagnose, Prognose und Wahl der Behandlungsmethode wird besprochen.Résumé. On a analysé les électrogrammes de 153 chiens ayant subi un traumatisme cranien; discussion sur la valeur de l'E.E.C. pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le choix du traitement.
Examination of a veterinary practice for radiation hazards*
Authors: O'RIORDAN M. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe new ‘Code of Practice for the Protection of Persons exposed to Ionizing Radiations from Veterinary Uses’ recommends that a radiation survey of X‐ray installations be carried out. Such a survey, consisting of an examination of equipment, procedures and premises is described.Resumé. Le nouveau ‘Code de la Pratique de la Protection des personnes exposées aux radiations ionisantes appliquées à la Mécdecine Vétérinaire’ recommande la surveillance des installations génératrices des rayons X. On décrit les principes et les moyens à mettre en czuvre pour examiner de tels équipements.Zusammenfassung. Die neuen ‘Verhaltensrichtlinien zum Schutze von Personen, die ionisierender Bestrahlung für tierärztliche Zwecke ausgesetzt sind’ empfehlen, eine Strah‐lungsuntersuchung von Röntgeneinrichtungen durchzuführen. Eine solche Untersuchung, die Geräte, Verfahren und bauliche Verhältnisse umfasst, wird beschrieben.