bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy without verteporfin for central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: MATEO OROBIA AJ , IBANEZ ALPERTE J , SALINAS ALAMAN A , MATEO GABAS J , LAFUENTE N , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To report the use of photodynamic therapy without verteporfin as treatment for patients with focal retinal pigment epithelial leaks secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods Four symptomatic patients with CSC without clinical improvement in a period of time up to three months were included. Photodynamic therapy without verteporfin was applied without any other treatment. Results Neurosensory detachment and fluorescein leakage resolved in all patients within two months. Visual acuity improved in all of them and none lost vision or suffered any treatment‐related complications. Conclusion The treatment of CSC with photodynamic therapy without verteporfin may result in resolution of persistent neurosensory detathment and fluorescein leakage. Although this case series is limited in follow‐up and number of patients, the encouraging results, lack of complications and cheap procedure suggest that further investigation is warranted.
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Dynamic phototherapy as a treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: BERTHOUT A , MALTHIEU D , JANY B , THOMAS F , MILAZZO S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To analyse the angiographic and tomographic results both the visual acuity of a group of patients presenting a serous central chorioretinopathy (which is acute or chronic) treated by dynamic phototherapy. This treatment has been guided by the data of the ICG angiography. Methods This is a retrospective‐prospective nonrandomized study bearing on 31 eyes of 27 patients including 8 acute forms and 23 chronic forms. One or more spots were managed according to the standard protocol of the DMLA and delivered on the zones of choroidal hyperpermeability highlighted by the ICG angiography. The criteria of success are founded on functional signs, visual acuity, sensitivity to contrasts, and persistence of a point of leakage in angiofluorographic control at 3 months and on study of serous retinal detachment in OCT. Results An increase of the visual acuity ( 3,58 +/‐ 3,22 lines (p<0,0001)) has been observed whatever the form of treated CSCR. 90,32% patients presented a reapplication of serous retinal detachment within a period of 7,28 weeks +/‐ 3,93. No tear of the retinal pigmentary epithelium or choroidal neovascularization were observed. 12,9% patients presented recurrence within a period of 28 weeks +/‐ 16,24, only chronic CSCR were concerned. At 8 +/‐ 4,2 months, visual acuity of patients (except patients with recurrence) remained unchanged (0,356 +/‐0,4 LogMAR or 20/50‐20/40). Conclusion Although the number of patients included in this study is limited, dynamic phototherapy seems to be currently an effective and sure treatment of CRSC. A randomized study on a great series is desirable to confirm these results.
Morphological features of abnormal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) using Spectral Domain OCT
Authors: PICCIRILLO V , SAVASTANO A , SBORDONE S , FORTE R , TAMBURRINI L , SAVASTANO MC , SAVASTANO S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate morphological features of hyper and hypo autofluorescence areas using Spectral Domain OCT technology. Methods 16 patients ( 10 male , 6 females ) with first diagnosis of age related maculopathy and dry AMD have been enrolled.Visual acuity test ( Snellen chart ) and Amsler’ grid test have been performed. Patients underwent to fundus autofluorescence ( FAF ) study (cSLO HRA 2 Laser source 488 nm , Barrier filter 500 nm, Heidelberg , Germany ) and Specral Domain OCT evaluation ( SD OCT OTI , Canada ). The FAF abnormalities have been compared to OCT images using gray scale and colour inversion system. Abnormalities in outer limiting membrane ( OLM ) profile , photoreceptor inner‐outer segment junction and RPE layer have been recorded for each patient. Results OCT did not show any morphological changes in areas of hyperautofluorescence . In cases of hypoautofluorescence , main OCT changes were : abnormal profile of the OLM with continuous gaps , disruption of the IS/OS junction with focal breaks and granular destructuration of the RPE layer .No alterations inside neurosensory retina or modifications of retinal thickness and volume have been recorded. Conclusion Abnormal FAF is mainly derived from RPE lipofuscin . Excessive accumulation of lipofuscin has been associated with degeneration of RPE cells and photoreceptors. SD‐OCT is able to show retinal morphological changes associated to abnormal FAF improving our knowledge in pathophisiologic pathways.
Retinal thickness and age ‐ optical coherence tomography study
Authors: RADOVIC N , BEKO M , GOLUBOVIC N 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To test the hypothesis is retinal thickness of the temporal disc margine ‐ just independent of age. Methods 60 eyes in 60 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Three OCT (STRATUS ‐ Zeiss) scans were performed, aligned vertically and placed at the temporal edge of the optic disc. Retinal Thickness (RT) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were calculated, with variance and correlated with age. Results Both of paramethers tested ‐ RT and RNFLT decrease with age. The mean nerve fibre layer thickness was 112 (SD=21) ‐ in correlation with increasing age, and the mean retinal thickness (MRT) was 237 (SD=24) ‐ not in correlation with age increase . The mean coefficients of variation were 8,3% for RNFLT and 3,9%for total RT. Conclusion OCT testing is of high reproducibility for total retinal thickness and in nerve fibre layer thickness messurements. Both of paramethers decrease with age, but decrease of RNLFT, only, significantly correlates with increasing age. This put optic disc parameters (when a reference plane) in three dimensional tomography, for possible reassesment ‐ adjusting to age.
Malignancies after Tacrolimus therapy in the management of ocular inflammatory disease
Authors: MATHEW MANU , RAJ D , MOHAMMED K , ABEDIN A , SULEMAN H , DUA HS 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose The appearance of “de novo” tumors in adults receiving immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus in ocular inflammatory disorders has not been elucidated. Methods All 180 patients who received Tacrolimus as a steroid sparing agent for the management of high risk PKP, uveitis, scleritis or corneal stem cell allograft were studied. Tacrolimus treatment schedule, monitoring and duration of treatment was noted. Results During the last 8 years a total of 11 patients who had received Tacrolimus for their immunosuppresion developed a malignancy. Three patients developed cancer of prostate, bladder (1), bronchogenic carcinoma – squammous cell carcinoma (SCC) (1), cancer skin ‐ (SCC) (1), breast cancer(2), recurrence of NHL (1) and recurrence of breast cancer (1) and large intestinal tumour (1). The primary diagnosis for the commencement of Tacrolimus included high‐risk PKP (8), Scleritis (1), Panuveitis (1) and Wegeners Granulomatosis (1). The rate of increase of bladder cancer was 149.26 followed by NHL 82.33 and recurrent breast carcinoma 30.7. The rest of tumours had a rate of increase in the range of 10 ‐ 20 fold. The average dose of Tacrolimus was 1954.37 mg SD +/‐ 2197 mg. Female/male ratio was 2:1. The mean age of patients was 73 years SD +/‐ 10.4 years. The mean follow‐up time of tumour patients on treatment was 45 months with SD +/‐ 26 months and the mean duration of follow‐up after diagnosis was 23 SD +/‐ 19 months. None of the eleven patients had any additional predisposing factors or were on any other carcinogenic agents which could affect their mortality by the cancer identified. Conclusion Long term immunosuppressive management of patients requires regular oncologic screening.
Non‐surgical treatments to periocular basal cell carcinomas. Imiquimod versus photodynamic therapy
Authors: GARCIA MARTIN E , IDOIPE CORTA M , GIL ARRIBAS L , FERNANDEZ TIRADO J , ALFARO J , PUEYO V , PINILLA I 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To study the efficacy of non‐surgical treatment in patients with nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) placed around the eyes that have been treated with imiquimod 5% (IMQ) on the skin versus those that have received photodynamic therapy (PDT). To analyze clinical development, pathological remissions, aesthetic results and tolerance to the treatment . Methods Five patients with clinical and pathological diagnostic as nodular BCC were divided into two groups for therapeutic intervention: three of them received treatment with IMQ and the other two patients were treated with PTD after the application on the skin of metilaminolevulinate (MAL), a photosensitiser substance. Results The tolerance to the treatment was better in the group treated with PTD. Clinical and pathological remissions were obtained in treated patients. One of them, who received PTD, presented residual tumour at the end of the treatment, but the biopsy showed granuloma without histologically BCC component. Conclusion The effectiveness of BCC treated with IMQ 5% on the skin (five times a week for six weeks) is similar to the effectiveness of surgical treatment. Non‐ invasive treatment is better tolerated than surgical treatment in this kind of tumour. Moreover, the aesthetic and functional results are better than the surgical ones.
Clinical presentation of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) on the ocular surface – report of 6 cases
Authors: HERWIG MC , FISCHER HP , HOLZ FG , LOEFFLER KU 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH), also called inflammatory pseudotumor, benign lymphoma or pseudolymphoma, is a benign and reversible enlargement of lymphoid tissue probably as a reaction to antigen hyperstimulation. RLH consists of dense sheets of small mature lymphocytes with the formation of primary and secondary follicles reminiscent of normal lymph node architecture. In this study we wanted to evaluate the clinical presentation of RLH on the ocular surface. Methods We reviewed 6 patients (3 males, 3 females) with RLH of the ocular surface. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 28 yrs (range: 8 to 77 yrs). Paraffin sections were stained with H&E and PAS and further evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results In 2 patients, RLH was confined to the caruncle. One patient presented with a large cyst‐like lesion, another one with a conjunctival nodule near the medial canthus, and in the oldest patient the RLH manifested itself as a pemphigoid‐like conjunctival lesion in the lower fornix. A 26‐years old female patient with a Non‐Hodgkin‐Lymphoma of the left conjunctiva developed conjunctival RLH one month later in the lower fornix of the fellow eye. Follow‐up (1‐11 yrs) was uneventful in all patients. Conclusion In our case series, RLH presented as a singular lesion with varying clinical morphology. Obviously, it has to be carefully distinguished from lymphoma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis even of cyst‐like lesions and at unusual sites such as the caruncle.
Lymphoma of the conjunctiva
Authors: MISSOTTEN GS , DE WOLFF‐ROUENDAAL D , DE KEIZER RJW 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Description of the treatment and follow‐up of conjunctival lymphomas Methods Retrospective reportage of 16 patients with a conjunctival lymphoma seen at the department of Ophthalmology of Leiden University. Results In the last 20 years, 15 patients with a local conjunctival lymphoma and one patient with generalized lymphoma of the skin with a conjunctival lymphoma were treated. Histologically all 16 patients showed to have an extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MALT‐lymphoma). Mean age of the patients at presentation was 64.8 years (37.2‐84.5 years). In two patients there was a bilateral lymphoma. Thirteen patients were treated with external irradiation (30 Gray in 15 sessions), one patient with cryotherapy and one patient with CHOP chemotherapy. After a mean follow‐up time of 6 years, all patients are still alive, without recurrence. Conclusion The new international classification of conjunctival lymphoma shows the great differences in survival of conjunctival lymphoma patients. Here we illustrate that patients with the favorable marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma have a very good prognosis. When treated with external irradiation, there is an extremely low rate of recurrence
International review of orbital diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: IRION LD , BONSHEK R , LEATHERBARROW B , MCCORMICK A , PATEL I , MADGE S , PRABHAKARAN V , SELVA D , HATEF E , ESMAELI B , MENON V , HONAVAR S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Compare findings of orbital diffuse large B cell lymphomas (ODLBCL) from 4 international centres. Methods 38 ODLBCL cases (14 Manchester (MA), 10 Adelaide (AD), 9 Houston (HO), 5 (Hyderabad (HY) were retrieved from Ophthalmology records of each centre. Clinical, radiological and pathological findings, and treatment and outcome were reviewed. Results Median age was 69 (7‐89). M:F ratio was 1.6:1, however, 7/10 AD patients were women. 24(63%) patients had an extraconal mass, which also involved lacrimal gland or apex in 2 and 3 cases respectively. Extension to bone or sinus was observed in 12(31%) cases. Proptosis (47%) and periocular swelling (39%) were common presenting findings. Interestingly 8/14 MA patients complained of visual acuity loss, which was not relevant in other centres. A positive B‐cell marker (CD20 or CD79a) was confirmed in these cases. Other positive markers were CD30 (30%), CD10 (23%) and BCL2 (8%). Evidence of transformation from other lymphoma type was seen in 6 cases. Almost 50% presented at stage II, 26% stage IV and 21% stage I, however, in MA at least 44% were at stage IV followed by stage II (33%). More than 80% of patients had chemotherapy but 1/2 of them also had a combination with radiotherapy at least. After an average 28 month follow up, 19(50%) patients were reported to be alive, 5 died and 14 lost follow up. All HO patients were alive at the end of the study. Conclusion ODLBCL is an aggressive tumour. Most cases presented initially as an extraconal mass. Treatment varied slightly across centres. Although most MA cases presented at a more advanced stage, the MA survival rate was in keeping with the overall figures.
Imaging techniques in the dosimetry of epiescleral brachytherapy
Authors: DE FRUTOS‐BARAJA JM , DE LUIS‐PEREZ FJ , SAORNIL‐ALVAREZ MA , LOPEZ‐LARA‐MARTIN F , CEBALLOS GARCIA MA , GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To compare the doses calculated from the measurements of the tumour obtained by different imaging techniques. Methods It is a retrospective study of 50 enucleated eyes corresponding to 50 patients with diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. For every case, there was recorded information about height of the tumour obtained by means of studies of pathological anatomy both in the macroscopic and in the microscopic preparation, and the obtained with the available imaging techniques for this measurement: magnetic nuclear resonance RNM, computerized tomography CT and B ultrasound US. Dose distribution was calculated in the tumour apex by means of the brachytherapy treatments planning system Bebig for three applicators type COMS of three and all slots filled for a duration of treatment of 1 hour, and was analyzed later by a spreadsheet Excel and the statistical application SPSS. Results Apex dose differences (%) Comparison with the macroscopic preparation Applicator size 10 mm 16 mm 22 mm CT 16,5 14,8 13,4 MNR 3,6 4,9 5,5 US 6,0 7,3 5,0 Conclusion Obtained results can be influenced partly by the size of the studied tumours, in the main of big size, and for the small muestral size in someone of the imaging techniques. They show the importance of the election of the imaging technique to obtain the information for dosimetry. Particularly relevant they are the obtained ones in the comparison with the CT due to the difficulty for this technology of distinguishing between the tumour and the detachment of retina associated. Acknowledgments: This work has been financed partly by a grant of the Junta de Castilla y León (Order SAN/1829/2007 of November 13, BOCYL of November 15, 2007)
In vivo confocal microscopy of keratic precipitates in anterior uveitis related to Herpesviridae
Authors: LABETOULLE M , LABBE A , DUPAS B , DE MONCHY I , POGORZALEK N , GENDRON G , OFFRET H , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To study the pattern of keratic precipitates (KPs) in anterior uveitis due to Herpesviridae using in vivo confocal microscopy Methods KPs of 17 consecutive patients (average age: 54+/‐8 years), addressed for anterior uveitis related to either Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), were examined using the HRT II Rostock Cornea module, between May 2006 and June 2007. The diagnosis of HSV, VZV or CMV infection was based on PCR or specific antibodies production within the aqueous humor, or on clinical history for uveitis that rapidly followed herpes zoster ophthalmicus. At the time of in vivo confocal microscopy, the uveitis was in an acute period (recent increase of inflammation). Results The HRT II Rostock Cornea provided reproducible images of KPs, with both a heap‐shaped pattern and stars which were characterized by branches in weak number and of modest size. HRT imaging of the fellow eye was normal in all cases (control eyes). Conclusion Herpesviridae are a classic cause of unilateral and hypertonic uveitis. If the clinical pattern is often very suggestive, certain cases may be difficult to differentiate from other causes of uveitis, notably Fuch’s heterochromic cyclitis. The reproducible pattern of KPs in viral uveitis using in vivo confocal microscopy should be helpful to differentiate from non‐herpetic etiologies.
Retrospective study of 40 cases of sarcoid uveitis
Authors: COUVIDAT M , MOURIAUX F 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics,the evolution and prognosis of sarcoid uveitis and to assess the best diagnostic procedure for the disease. Methods All patients with sarcoid uveitis have been seen in Caen University hospital over the last ten years. Inclusion criteria were a positive biopsy showing noncaseating granuloma or patients with a high presumption of sarcoidosis (at least 2 abnormalities amongst the main systemic diagnostic investigations). Results Biopsy was positive for 27 patients. Thoracic CT‐scan,negative tuberculin skin test, serum angiotensin converting enzyme, bronchoalveolar lavage and gallium scanning suggested the diagnosis in all other cases. Forty patients were included. There were 25 women (62%). The mean age was 43 years. The mean follow‐up duration was 55 months. Uveitis was bilateral in 29 cases. Anterior segment manifestations occured in 83% of cases,associated with a posterior segment involvement in 66% of cases. We reported a high frequency of cystoid macular oedema (CMO)(37%)and optic disc swelling(35%). The lung was the most common organ involved over the uveitis evolution period and CT‐scan was a superior imaging modality compared to chest X‐rays. Corticosteroids were the mainstay of treatment. Visual prognosis was good: mean final visual acuity was 15/20. CMO played a decisive role in poor visual outcome (p<0,05). Ocular complications were early cataract(7),epiretinal membrane(4),chronic glaucoma(3),retinal neovascularisation(1) and retinal detachment(1). Conclusion There is a high incidence of posterior involvement in sarcoid uveitis. CMO is frequent and correlated with a worse final visual acuity. Pulmonary involvement occurs in more than 90% of cases, therefore CT‐scan must always be performed.
Cytokine profile in intermediate uveitis
Authors: VIDOVIC VALENTINCIC N , KRAUT A , KOROSEC P , HAWLINA M , ROTHOVA A 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Intermediate uveitis (IU) represents a chronic type of uveitis of unknown cause with the vitreous as the major site of the inflammation. The associated diseases include mostly multiple sclerosis (MS) and sarcoidosis, the majority of cases is idiopathic. The aim of this prospective study was to elucidate intraocular and serum cytokine profiles of patients with IU and relate the laboratory results to clinical features. Methods Aqueous humor (AqH) and serum samples were collected from 39 IU patients in various stages of uveitis activity and from 10 controls with cataract and no uveitis during cataract surgery. The concentration of inflammatory mediators was measured by multiplex immunoassay and included interleukin (IL) 8, 1β, 6, 10, 12p70, TNFα, CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP‐1alpha, CCL4/MIP1‐beta, CCL2/MCP1. Results Serum samples of patients and controls were not distinct; however intraocular samples of IU patients had higher levels of interleukin‐6 (IL 6), interleukin‐8 (IL 8) and MCP 1 than non‐uveitis controls (for all P=<0.05). Intraocular IL6 and IL8 levels exceeded that of serum in 22/39 (56%; P= 0.001) and 29/39 (74%; P= < 0.001) respectively. Active intraocular inflammation and the presence of CME were associated with higher levels of IL 6 and IL 8 than intraocular samples from patients with quiescent uveitis (P=<0.05) and those not affected by CME (P=<0.05). No significant associations were found for other measures cytokines. Conclusion IL 6 and IL 8 are two most abundant cytokines in intraocular environment of patients with IU and their levels were associated with IU activity and the presence of CME. The findings of normal serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients do not support the presence of associated systemic inflammation.
Can tumor necrosis factor inhibitors induce scleritis ?
Authors: LE GARREC J , MARCELLI C , MOURIAUX F 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the physiology of many inflammatory diseases. There are three tumor necrosis factor inhibitors : etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab. Etanercept’s most consistent side effect is injection‐site reaction. Inflammatory eye disease has also been one of the rare adverse events associated with etanercept. Methods We report two cases of female patients who presented a scleritis , while they were treated for rheumatoid arthritis by etanercept 35 mg twice a week. Results These two patients presented a first episode of unilateral anterior nodular scleritis after respectively 16 and 12 months of etanercept. Their rheumatoid disease was in remission. The non steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents and steroids were not much effective on the scleritis symptoms. After having stopped the etanercept, the scleritis decreased. A review of the literature pertaining to inflammatory eye disease associated with the use of etanercept was performed. Multiples drugs have been associated with ocular inflammation : in scleritis (biphosphonates, topiramate) and in uveitis (rifabutine, sulfonamides, metipranolol eyedrops,…). These cases suggest that etanercept is one of them. Conclusion The possibility of a iatrogenic cause must be envisaged in case of non efficacity of usual treatment (non steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents, steroids, immunosuppressive therapies). The question of a specific ophthalmological follow‐up of such patients is also addressed.