bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaboration as a policy instrument in public administration: Evidence from forest policy and governance
Authors: Bjärstig Therese , Johansson Johanna , Mancheva Irina , Sandström Camilla 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, collaboration has become a common policy instrument in public administration, both internationally and in Sweden. Inspired by scholarly literature on collaborative governance, the aim of this study is to analyze the crucial role of public administration in the design and implementation of collaborative governance. Drawing on several years of research on Swedish forest policy and governance, our work is based on extensive empirical material, including 88 semi‐structured interviews, observations, written comments from open public consultations and actors, enacted policy documents, open public hearings and a survey. Our results confirm that factors related to process design strongly affect the outputs and outcomes of collaboration in public administration. We assert that public officials should meticulously design and adapt the collaborative process during its initiation and progress, according to the policy problem and actors' incentives and motivations to participate. However, despite good intentions by public officials, the overarching priorities and contextual factors governing the policy area must be set by elected decision makers at an early stage to establish democratic accountability and high levels of policy legitimacy and acceptance. A major implication for public administration is that the increasing use of collaborative governance may be highly inefficient if it is difficult for participants to draft shared objectives and provide intended outputs because of low levels of trust, and different interpretations of knowledge and norms. Finally, in contentious policy areas, such as forest policy, political priorities must sometimes be set by elected decision makers rather than through collaborative processes.
Enhanced Red Emission of Na5Lu9F32: Eu3+ Single Crystal by Introducing of GdF3
Authors: Zou Zhengjuan , Fang Lizhi , Zhou Xiong , Xia Haiping , Song Hongwei , Chen Baojiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe bulk Na5Lu9F32 single crystals with high quality serial Eu3+/Gd3+ co‐doped were grown by an ameliorative Bridgman technique. The measurement of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and analysis of Rietveld refinement were implemented to validate the crystal phase. The Eu3+ doped Na5Lu9F32 single crystal emits intense red emission at 611 nm excited by 394 nm light. The intensity of 1.8 mol % Gd3+ doped sample is boosted by 3.56 times compared with the un‐doped one. The doping of Gd3+ ions replace competitively Lu3+ lattice sites with Eu3+ ions. Thus, they cause the lattice distortion and reduction of symmetry, enabling Eu3+ ions to overcome their 4f forbidden transitions. The change of Eu3+ ion local environment induced by Gd3+ ion doping was explored by the Eu3+ emission spectra and the variations of ratios between red and orange emission intensities (R/O). The fluorescence lifetime indicates that the introduction of GdF3 decreases the probability of non‐radiative transitions and increases the fluorescence lifetime. These results demonstrated that the Na5Lu9F32: Eu3+ single crystal doped with an appropriate concentration of GdF3 is a type of promising red emission single crystal for related optical devices of detector and laser due to its strong red emission, high transparency and high physico‐chemical stability.
TBAI‐Catalyzed, TBHP‐Mediated Modular Three‐Component Cascade Towards Highly Functionalized Pyrrole via [3+2] Annulation
Authors: Gnanaoli Karthiyayini , Rajkumar Deepan Babu , Gopal Keerthana , Saritha B. , Maheswari C. Uma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA facile, one‐pot sequential synthesis of highly substituted pyrrole employing TBAI/TBHP has been developed from readily available precursors. β‐Enaminones generated in situ from β‐ketoesters and primary amines react sequentially with electron‐deficient alkynes via a radical pathway to form the penta‐substituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields. This strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles can be scaled up and shows tolerance to a variety of amines.
Comparative efficacy and safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine as first‐line add‐on therapies for seizures in Dravet syndrome: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Guerrini Renzo , Chiron Catherine , Vandame Delphine , Linley Warren , Toward Toby 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesStiripentol, fenfluramine, and cannabidiol are licensed add‐on therapies to treat seizures in Dravet Syndrome (DS). There are no direct or indirect comparisons assessing their full licensed dose regimens, across different jurisdictions, as first‐line add‐on therapies in DS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta‐analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data for licensed add‐on DS therapies. We compared the proportions of patients experiencing: reductions from baseline in monthly convulsive seizure frequency (MCSF) of ≥50% (clinically meaningful), ≥75% (profound), and 100% (seizure‐free); serious adverse events (SAEs); discontinuations due to AEs.ResultsWe identified relevant data from two placebo‐controlled RCTs for each drug. Stiripentol 50 mg/kg/day and fenfluramine 0.7 mg/kg/day had similar efficacy in achieving ≥50% (clinically meaningful) and ≥75% (profound) reductions from baseline in MCSF (absolute risk difference [RD] for stiripentol versus fenfluramine 1% [95% confidence interval: −20% to 22%; p = 0.93] and 6% [−15% to 27%; p = 0.59], respectively), and both were statistically superior (p < 0.05) to licensed dose regimens of cannabidiol (10 or 20 mg/kg/day, with/irrespective of clobazam) for these outcomes. Stiripentol was statistically superior in achieving seizure‐free intervals compared to fenfluramine (RD = 26% [CI: 8% to 44%; p < 0.01]) and licensed dose regimens of cannabidiol. There were no significant differences in the proportions of patients experiencing SAEs. The risk of discontinuations due to AEs was lower for stiripentol, although the stiripentol trials were shorter.SignificanceThis NMA of RCT data indicates stiripentol, as a first‐line add‐on therapy in DS, is at least as effective as fenfluramine and both are more effective than cannabidiol in reducing convulsive seizures. No significant difference in the incidence of SAEs between the three add‐on agents was observed, but stiripentol may have a lower risk of discontinuations due to AEs. These results may inform clinical decision‐making and the continued development of guidelines for the treatment of people with DS.Plain Language SummaryThis study compared three drugs (stiripentol, fenfluramine, and cannabidiol) used alongside other medications for managing seizures in a severe type of epilepsy called DS. The study found that stiripentol and fenfluramine were similarly effective in reducing seizures and both were more effective than cannabidiol. Stiripentol was the best drug for stopping seizures completely based on the available clinical trial data. All three drugs had similar rates of serious side effects, but stiripentol had a lower chance of being stopped due to side effects. This information can help guide treatment choices for people with DS.
Islamophobia in higher education environments
Authors: Shaheen Musbah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIslamophobia is a reality facing Muslim college students daily on and off campus. In this chapter, I highlight Islamophobia in higher education environments and explore its structural and interactional manifestations. I provide practical recommendations to address institutional and interpersonal Islamophobia and specify how campus educators can work to respond to and prevent Islamophobic incidents. I also make policy recommendations to respond to the hostility toward Muslims in the national discourse. Finally, I outline future frontiers for higher education research, such as the need to account for the complexity of the Muslim identity and its intersections and the need to distinguish Islamophobia from Muslim appreciation through empirical measurement. Future directions in higher education should take on the responsibility of responding to Islamophobia and eradicating its hold on Muslim lives.Practical Takeaways
Colleges and universities should critically examine their infrastructures and policies concerning accommodating the religious needs of Muslim students. Each campus should have an academic accommodations policy that specifies how students may go about requesting an accommodation for religious reasons. This policy should be explicitly stated in syllabi, websites, and orientation materials.
Institutional leadership should explicitly commit to countering religious‐based hate, including Islamophobia, through policies that condemn such forms of hate and outline specific means of responding to incidents when they occur. A proactive effort to counter hate on campus requires knowledge of the structures in place to utilize these resources when needed and to identify areas for improvement.
Educators should create programs and opportunities that promote interactions across religious, spiritual, and secular (RSS) identities and must offer the time, resources, and effort to support formalized campus activities that foreground interfaith engagement. Educators should proactively create spaces for these encounters and incorporate these opportunities into campus architecture and the required programming (e.g., orientation).
In the face of a national movement to eliminate, ban, or otherwise weaken diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) resources on college campuses, religious accommodations must be codified in both state and federal laws and guidelines to create consistency across states and a standard of how universities could actively work to create a welcoming environment for all.
Christian privilege and American higher education: A historical framing
Authors: Broadhurst Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides a framing of non‐Christian students in higher education. It begins by providing data on the current contexts on the religious identities of college students. Additionally, the chapter examines the concept of Christian privilege and how religious discrimination is institutionalized in the organizational structures of higher education. Primarily, this chapter is a historical overview of the marginalization of non‐Christian students on colleges and universities. From the time the colleges and universities were founded, Christianity has been embedded in the function and mission of higher education. This has led to the continual marginalization of non‐Christian students throughout history. The chapter concludes with an overview of the volume.Practical Takeaways
Non‐Christian students are increasing in numbers on campuses. Because of this, campus leaders must understand their unique needs and religious identities to create positive campus climates.
Christianity is embedded in the organizational structures of higher education. The academic calendar, curriculum, and dining options are tangible manifestations of Christian privilege.
This system of Chistian privilege can force non‐Christian students to experience feelings of powerlessness, exploitation, and marginalization that are similar to what other marginalized groups endure.
The current system that favors Christianity in higher education has a long history in American higher education and non‐Christian students have encountered outright discrimination and oppression since the beginning of the first colleges and universities.
Influence of Soret–Dufour on a magneto‐micropolar fluid over a porous stretching surface with a nonuniform heat source/sink
Authors: Suhasini R. , Srinivasa Raju R. , Anil Kumar M. , Dharmendar Reddy Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe goal of the current investigation is to ascertain the influence of Soret and Dufour on a magneto‐micropolar fluid past a permeable stretching surface with a nonuniform heat source/sink. Moreover, the investigation considers the influence of melting heat transfer, as well as the implications of velocity, thermal, and solutal slips. Numerical solutions to the basic governing equations are achieved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique. The analysis of our results reveals several important findings. Enhancing the material parameter leads to an upsurge in the velocity profile, whereas the opposite trend exists for the boosting estimations of the magnetic parameter. Enhancing the Soret parameter leads to an improvement in the concentration profile while improving the Dufour factor results in an enhancement in the temperature distribution. These findings are critical for understanding the heat transfer over a stretching sheet, subject to different models and they encompass aspects such as temperature distribution, heat transfer rates, boundary layer characteristics, velocity profiles, and the potential for implementing heat transfer enhancement techniques. The findings of this current investigation are consistent with those that have been previously reported. Fluid dynamics, materials processing, cooling systems, and thermal systems are just a few of the real‐life domains that can benefit from understanding magneto‐micropolar fluid flow over a porous stretching surface with a nonuniform heat source–sink and incorporating Soret and Dufour effects.
Fusing remote sensing data with spatiotemporal in situ samples for red tide (Karenia brevis) detection
Authors: Fick Ronald , Medina Miles , Angelini Christine , Kaplan David , Gader Paul , He Wenchong , Jiang Zhe , Zheng Guangming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a novel method for detecting red tide (Karenia brevis) blooms off the west coast of Florida, driven by a neural network classifier that combines remote sensing data with spatiotemporally distributed in situ sample data. The network detects blooms over a 1-km grid, using seven ocean color features from the MODIS-Aqua satellite platform (2002–2021) and in situ sample data collected by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and its partners. Model performance was demonstrably enhanced by two key innovations: depth normalization of satellite features and encoding of an in situ feature. The satellite features were normalized to adjust for depth-dependent bottom reflection effects in shallow coastal waters. The in situ data were used to engineer a feature that contextualizes recent nearby ground truth of K. brevis concentrations through a K-nearest neighbor spatiotemporal proximity weighting scheme. A rigorous experimental comparison revealed that our model outperforms existing remote detection methods presented in the literature and applied in practice. This classifier has strong potential to be operationalized to support more efficient monitoring and mitigation of future blooms, more accurate communication about their spatial extent and distribution, and a deeper scientific understanding of bloom dynamics, transport, drivers, and impacts in the region. This approach also has the potential to be adapted for the detection of other algal blooms in coastal waters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1432–1446. © 2024 SETAC
Key Points
We developed a novel machine learning-based method for detecting red tide (Karenia brevis) blooms off the Florida Gulf Coast at a 1-km spatial resolution. We present a quantitative comparison of state-of-the-art satellite methods for detecting K. brevis. The use of both satellite data as well as recent in situ samples produces better model prediction than either individually.
Comparison of two 3D reconstruction models for understanding of complicated female pelvic tumors
Authors: Wei Miao , Meng Shenglan , Dai Fengqin , Xiao Lin , Mu Xiaoling , Tang Junying , Liu Yingwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThree‐dimensional (3D) reconstructed models have been shown to improve visualization in complex female pelvic tumors. Cinematic rendering (CR) is a 3D imaging technique for computed tomography (CT) images, which creates more realistic images with the ability to enhance imaging of anatomical features for diagnosis.This study was set up to compare two types of 3D models and to validate the use of 3D anatomical techniques for the diagnosis of complex female pelvic tumors.MethodsThe preclinical, randomized, two‐sequence crossover investigation was performed from December 2022 to January 2023 at First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Sixteen residents and 10 attending surgeons assessed the cases of 23 patients with two types of 3D model images. The surgeons were randomly assigned to two assessment sequences (CR‐3D model group and CT‐3D model group). For each case, participants selected one question that probed fundamental questions about the tumor's genesis throughout each assessment period. Following a 4‐week washout period, case assessments were transferred to the other image modality.ResultsThe main result assessment was the accuracy of the answers. The time to answer the questions and the case assessment questionnaire was added as a secondary outcome.The mean scores in the CR‐3D models (19.35 ± 1.87) varied significantly from those in the CT‐CR group (16.77 ± 1.8) (P < 0.001), and solving the questions in the CT‐3D model sequence (41.96 ± 6.31 s) varied significantly from that in the CR‐3D model sequence (52.88 ± 5.95 s) (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that there were statistically significant variations in the scores of female reproductive tumors, pelvic tumors other than the reproductive system, and retroperitoneal tumors (P = 0.005). Analysis of the assessment questionnaire showed that more surgeons choose CR 3D reconstruction (8.31 ± 0.76 vs 7.15 ± 1.19, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results suggest that each 3D reconstruction method has its own advantages. Surgeons feel that CR reconstruction models are a useful technique that can improve their comprehension of complex pelvic tumors, while traditional 3D models have an advantage in terms of speed to diagnosis.
Can System Inflammation Response Index or Systemic Immune Inflammation Index predict gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester? A prospective observational study
Authors: Yildiz Esra Gulen , Tanacan Atakan , Okutucu Gulcan , Bastemur Ayse Gulcin , Ipek Goksun , Sahin Dilek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate System Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), which are the inflammatory indices, for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the first trimester.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary center from April 2023 to September 2023. Ninety‐four pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 107 healthy pregnant women were included. The two groups were compared according to first‐trimester SIRI and SII values. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut‐off levels of SII and SIRI in predicting GDM.ResultsSignificantly higher first‐trimester SII and SIRI values were present in the gestational diabetes group (P < 0.001). Optimal cut‐off values in the prediction of gestational diabetes were found to be 1.58 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.71, 67% sensitivity, 65% specificity, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.78, P < 0.001) and 875 (AUC 0.70, 66% sensitivity, 65% specificity, 95% CI 0.63–0.77, P < 0.001) for SIRI and SII, respectively. Neutrophil counts, mean platelet volume (MPW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were significantly higher in the GDM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.02, P = 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionNovel inflammatory indices SII and SIRI may be useful in the prediction of GDM in the first trimester, but their utility in the prediction of insulin requirement is questionable. They may be used as additional tools in routine clinical practice.
Breast Milk Excretion of Dinalbuphine Sebacate Injection Administered After Cesarean Section
Authors: Tang Sung‐Ling , Wang Kai‐Yi , Hsiao Wen‐Kai , Lin Chi‐Kang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnsuring the safety of analgesics during lactation is crucial for women of childbearing potential. Available data regarding the transfer of nalbuphine for postoperative acute pain via breast milk are limited to the postmarketing experience. This lactation study aimed to assess nalbuphine and dinalbuphine sebacate concentrations in breast milk from lactating women with postoperative pain treated with dinalbuphine sebacate extended‐release injection (150 mg dinalbuphine sebacate/2 mL Naldebain). Breast milk was collected throughout the 5‐day posthospitalization interval from 20 mothers injected with one dose of extended‐release dinalbuphine sebacate intramuscularly. Maternal safety was assessed during the study period. Nalbuphine was detectable in 71% of milk samples collected from all mothers, whereas dinalbuphine sebacate was undetectable or below the quantitation limit (0.1 ng/mL). The mean nalbuphine concentration in milk was approximately 10.55 ng/mL, with the peak concentration reaching up to 12.7 ng/mL. The mean relative infant dose was 0.39% (coefficient of variation, 65%). The mean pain intensity at rest was reduced to mild pain from Day 2 morning to discharge. Overall, the maternal safety profile was tolerable. The breast milk of women who receive one dose of dinalbuphine sebacate injection postpartum contains low nalbuphine concentration. In addition, dinalbuphine sebacate injection potentially reduces maternal pain intensity during the first postpartum week and offers low toxicity risk among breastfed infants.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on pain crisis and acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell anemia: A retrospective multi‐cohort study based on US national data from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Alvarado Juan , Yerigeri Keval , Boakye Anita , Randolph Christina , Roy Aparna , Onimoe Grace 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19 infection has been a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, especially among those patients with chronic diseases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have classified sickle cell disease (SCD) as a condition that increases the risk of severe illness from COVID‐19 infection.A retrospective study was conducted using the TRiNetX health research network database to identify SCA patients ( HbSS, Sbeta‐thalassemia zero) who had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection over 2 years; these were compared with similar patients who did not have the infection in terms of demographics, pain control, and laboratory parametersCOVID‐19 illness impacts [ain crises and ACS, and prior vaccination against influenza and COVID‐19 may represent a protective factor for developing pain crises.