bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Cyclical Mastalgia and its Effects on Daily Life among Women Visiting the Breast Disease Treatment Center at Shar Hospital in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Rahim Kwestan , Hamasur Heshw , Rahim Khalat , Rostam Darya 
Published: March 2024

Background: Breast discomfort or pain, known as mastalgia, is a frequent symptom among female patients throughout their lifespan. Identification of the underlying causes through evaluation and target imaging is required for the patients' comfort.

Aim: To assess the primary variables that cause non-cyclical mastalgia and how it affects women's lives.

Methods: A quantitative-descriptive prospective study on a randomized, selected sample group of 100 patients with non-cyclical mastalgia in Breast Disease Treatment Center at Sulaimaniyah was done. A prepared questionnaire was used to interview the participants from January 15 to January 22, 2023.

Results: Out of the 354 women who presented to the Breast Treatment Clinic during the study period, 100 (28.23%) were diagnosed with non-cyclical mastalgia. The common breast disorders among participants were simple, complex cyst and fat tissue necrosis on ultrasound. Mastalgia effects on daily life, interferes with usual sleep patterns of women (P=0.003), causes anxiety (P=0.001), had negative effect on exercise (P=0.002) and daily work (P=0.01) of women.

Conclusions: Women over 40 years old who experience fear, tension, and anxiety due to the consequences of mastalgia, which interfere with regular sleep patterns and have an adverse effect on exercise and regular job duties, and most of them have breast problems on imagining, are more likely to suffer from non-cyclical mastalgia.
Assessment of Wnt-5a, Anti-SMA, FGF-23, and Anti-CCP Biomarkers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Marouf Bahramand , Amin Kawa , Rahman Heshu 
Published: March 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that mainly affects synovial joints.

Objectives: To compare the level of serum biomarkers (Wnt5a, anti-SMA, FGF23, and anti-CCP) in RA patients and healthy control.

Methodology: This case-control study was conducted on 88 patients with RA and 88 normal healthy individuals at the Rheumatology Center, Sulaimaniyah, from November 2021 to November 2022. A detailed questionnaire for the collection of sociodemographic measures was filled out for each participant. Then, the levels of Wnt5a, anti-SMA, FGF23, and anti-CCP were determined using the ELISA technique.

Results: The patients reported higher levels of ESR and CRP than healthy controls. Most patients (63.7%) had moderate disease activity concerning DAS-28. There was a highly significant difference (p<0.001) between patients’ serum Wnt5a, FGF23, and anti-CCP levels compared to healthy controls except for anti-SMA. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between Wnt5a and FGF23 (p<0.001); Wnt5a and anti-SMA (p<0.001); FGF23 and anti-SMA (p<0.001). Finally, no correlation between the DAS-28 score and biomarkers was seen in RA patients.

Conclusions: There was no significant correlation in the patient’s serum Wnt5a, FGF23, anti-SMA, and anti-CCP with different age groups, duration of RA and joint involvements.
Experience of pediatric palliative care among children with cancer in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. Shaidur , Urmy Sabikun Naher , Newaz Moshrefa , Islam M. Atiqul , Khan Tasnuva , Khatun Habiba , Simi Maliha Alam 
Published: March 2024

Background: Palliative care is a holistic approach which can improve patients and their family’s quality of life through the prevention and relief of physical symptoms as well as support for emotional, social and spiritual suffering. Despite the substantial need for palliative care there is very limited access in Bangladesh, with only a few palliative care services focused on children including several hospital-based services as well as home and hospice-based services, within the capital city of Dhaka. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pediatric palliative care on quality of life in children with cancer.
Methods: This was an institutional based descriptive study conducted in the department of pediatric hematology and oncology and pediatric palliative care unit, Dhaka medical college hospital, Dhaka, from May to August 2023. A total of thirty child and parent pairs were taken as the study population according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome was evaluated by the CPOS-2 questionnaires for symptom and Lanskys performance status scale for assessment of activity level.
Results: The median age of the children were 5.7 years where 70.0% were male. The duration of disease of the patients was up to 6 months in 63.3% cases. One third of the patients had ALL, 13.3% had NHL, and 10.0% had Ewing sarcoma while another 10.0% having neuroblastoma.
Conclusions: There is significant improvement in the quality of life of pediatric cancer patients and their parents, as well as the enhanced performance status of patients with cancer after receiving pediatric palliative care.
Comparison of facial attractiveness with golden proportion anthropometrically in young North Indian females
Authors: Mittal Shruti , Aneja Gunjan , Mittal Astitav , Teja Prerna Hoogan , Gagain Mahak , Verma Aashee 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this anthropometric study was to assess the facial attractiveness by directly measuring various facial proportions and comparing them to golden ratio in a sample of young adult North Indian females. 120 female sample subjects were assessed for facial attractiveness. Frontal facial photographs of these females were obtained and subjected to score evaluation for grouping into 3 groups viz group I unpleasant face group, group II acceptable face group, group III pleasant face group, by a group of 6 evaluators individually. Anthropometric measurements were taken on the subject’s face in frontal view by marking various landmarks. Various facial proportions were measured and recorded using calibrated calipers and then compared with golden proportion.In group I, facial indices ratio Al-Al/ Ch-Ch (0.697) shows a comparable ratio to the golden proportion. Group II showed no relationship with golden proportion for any facial ratios. In group III, facial ratio Al-Al/ N-Sn (0.685) shows a comparable ratio to the golden proportion. There was no statistically significant difference found in the golden proportion among the three groups viz unpleasant face group, acceptable face group and pleasant face group. Ideal golden proportions may partially govern the standards of beauty, but they were not analogous to the beauty or facial esthetics of the attractive females in the present study. This may be the result because beauty perception is subjective & depends on a variety of factors.
Inovasi Produk Layanan Administrasi Desa Melalui Aplikasi Banyuwangi Smart Kampung
Authors: Daroini As'ad , Helpiastuti Selfi Budi , Pamungkas Tree Setiawan 
Published: March 2024

This research aims to analyze product innovation in village administration services through the Banyuwangi Smart Kampung application. This application adds alternative service products at the village level where previously there were other service products, namely village smart websites and self-service platform machines. The presence of the application brings changes to the public service process in Banyuwangi. Previously, services could only be accessed offline or by coming to the village office. Meanwhile, by using the application, the service can be accessed online. In its implementation in the community, there are still several obstacles, starting from the system, which still frequently experiences errors, as well as obstacles from the Banyuwangi community, many of whom don't know about the existence of this application. This research aims to describe the development of Banyuwangi Smart Kampung application service products. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method using a phenomenological approach. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model data analysis technique. The results of this research show that the Banyuwangi Smart Kampung application can be enjoyed directly by the community because this application makes it very easy for the community to access a service. In implementing the application in society, the government has played an active role in monitoring the implementation of the application by making improvements and updates. The quality of the service product in the form of this application is better than the previous product because, in terms of features and usability, this application is quite complex, namely not only for services at the village level, but can also access services at the district level and can be used for other public services besides administration services. Previously, there was no service product that had the same features and uses as the Banyuwangi Smart Kampung application.
Keywords: Product Innovation, Smart Kampung, Application Service Product
Analisis Kandungan Fitokimia Makrofungi Jamur Kelapa Sawit (Volvariella volvaceae) Untuk Pencegahan Pertumbuhan Sel Kanker
Authors: Suhartini Suhartini , Azzahra Sresta 
Published: March 2024

Perkebunan kelapa sawit masih menjadi primadona bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat. Seiring dengan berkembangnya lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit maka akan berdampak dengan meningkatnya limbah produksi kelapa sawit tersebut. Salah satunya yaitu tandan kosong. Saat ini, tandan kosong mulai dimanfaatkan sebagai media tanam jamur kelapa sawit (Volvariella volvaceae). Manfaat jamur ini sebagai sumber gizi bagi manusia dan terdapat zat aktif fitokimia untuk antioksidan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui adanya kandungan zat fitokimia pada jamur kelapa sawit (Volvariella volvaceae). Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel jamur kelapa sawit (Volvariella volvaceae) yang diuji kandungan senyawa aktif fitokimia menggunakan metode skrining. Hasil pengujian tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa jamur Volvariella volvaceae mengandung senyawa aktif fitokimia berupa saponin (terdapat buih selama 1 menit), kuinon (terdapat warna merah), flavonoid (terdapat perubahan warna kuning hingga jingga di fase alkohol), fenolik (terdapat warna hijau violet), dan alkaloid (terdapat endapan merah bata dan putih). Kesimpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat kandungan zat fitokimia pada jamur kelapa sawit (Volvariella volvaceae) berupa saponin, kuinon, flavonoid, fenolik, dan alkaloid.
Kata kunci: Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit, Jamur Kelapa Sawit (Volvariella volvaceae), Zat Fitokimia, Metode Skrining
Enhancing the Operational Efficiency of Water Injection System Through Prudent Cost-Effective Measures & Techniques
Authors: Alshehhi S. S. , Al Jeelani O. S. , El Naggar H. Mohamed , Kherroubi D. , Elmansour A. , Rachapudi R. , Aslam M. , Alqubaisi F. , Grutters M. , Reddicharla N. , Akhtar M. , Alshalabi A. A. , Sarsekov A. 
Published: March 2024

With the increasing demand for water injection to sustain and grow production volumes, it is important to optimize the existing water injection system by identifying quick wins solutions and potential opportunities for implementation to meet the high mandated production.
Therefore, Company Task Force Team (TFT) evaluated the existing water injection system as part of Water Injection System Enhancement (WISE) study to increase the effectiveness of the injection system performance and availability in all COMPANY Fields.
Numerical Model Evaluation for Advanced Nano-Chemical Water Shut-Off Technology Overcoming Crossflow in Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Yamada Tatsuya , Sugawara Yuki , Hiraiwa Takeshi , Nagata Manabu , Shikama Tsuyoshi , Hosani Abdulla Hasan Al , Nuaimi Sabir Al , Yonebayashi Hideharu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Water production management is a common concern for oil fields adopting water flooding. Water shut-off (WSO) technologies: both mechanical and chemical methods have been investigated to mitigate increasing water production. Mechanical methods like cementing or shut-off by completion types work within the wellbore. Crosslink polymer gels as chemical method penetrate by maximum 10 ft from the wellbore in most cases. Hence, the crossflow inside the reservoir is considered as a potential risk to deteriorate the WSO impact on production improvement. This paper focuses on an advanced nano-chemical WSO technology, which is emulsion system with supercharged nanoparticles (ESN®). The ESN® has unique features to overcome several difficulties which conventional chemical methods face frequently. Furthermore, the ESN® has a strong advantage that can selectively block water zone and penetrate in maximum 50 ft from the wellbore.
A pilot test of chemical water shut off using ESN® is planned in an offshore carbonate oil field (Field-A) in Abu Dhabi. The Field-A has been developed under continuous water injection more than 25 years and suffers from the resultant high water production. Well-1 was selected as a candidate well for pilot test because this well had been unable to flow due to high water cut.
As the first step of pilot preparation, the effectiveness of ESN® was evaluated using the numerical simulation model compared with conventional WSO methods. In the simulation model, local grid refinement (LGR) was applied at the grids including wellbore to replicate the penetration feature of each WSO. According to this model, the ESN® expected significant benefit on the well life extension by water cut reduction and increase in oil production compared with the conventional gels.
For further detailed evaluation by the numerical model, the uncertainty of reservoir properties affecting crossflow was evaluated through sensitivity study. In the upper part of reservoir in the Field-A, there is high permeability streak which acts as a main flow path for injected water from injectors to producers. For vertical and deviated oil producers, the perforation was conducted below the high permeability streak to avoid early water breakthrough. With consideration of these specifications, a sensitivity study of vertical permeability and high permeability streak was conducted. As a result of sensitivity study, improvement of well performance by ESN® was expected with consideration of parameter uncertainty range, though incremental oil production is dependent on parameter value.
As the next step of pilot preparation, this sensitivity study outcomes were also utilized to select such pilot well which can expect maximum incremental recovery by applying this technology.
Enhancing Oil Production: A Machine Learning Approach in Efficient Waterflooding
Authors: Aslanyan A. , Aslanyan I. , Gulyaev D. , Garnyshev M. , Karantharath R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The petroleum industry maintains a keen interest in asset assessment tools. This paper presents a practical case study involving high-level geological and dynamic data analysis to evaluate petroleum asset potential for further investment aimed at optimizing secondary recovery. The economic model, grounded in the balanced waterflood flow approach, determines the optimal injection volumes and the associated number of oil-producing and water-injecting wells.
Analyzing production data is complex, relying on numerous diagnostic metrics such as reserve properties analysis, reservoir energy diagnostics and watercut/GOR diagnostics, productivity measures, and economic factors. This analysis facilitates rapid modeling of future performance and forecasts economic outcomes in response to redevelopment investments.
Automation has revolutionized modern production analysis, enabling the generation of comprehensive diagnostic metrics with a simple "mouse click"—a process that typically spans months. Newly developed diagnostic metrics improve upon traditional production/injection performance analysis, especially those based on automatically generated numerical 3D micro-models that simulate expected rock/fluid properties.
Well interference is assessed through mathematical algorithms for multiwell deconvolution, utilizing extensive bottomhole pressure and surface rate data. This deconvolution, either fully or semi-automated, searches for initial pressure and unit-rate transient responses in tested and adjacent wells, aligning them with actual pressure records and aggregate flow rates.
Further advancements include the automated analysis of these diagnostic metrics, supported by AI-based digital tools that offer economic insights for enhancing production.
The case study in Western Siberia identifies deposits and wells where not all proven recoverable reserves are being tapped. It advocates for side-tracking from current wells and implementing multi-stage fracking to activate these reserves and sustain pressure. The economic model generated by this study proposes investment scenarios with a profitability index (PI) of 1.4, an attractive prospect considering the reserves’ current maturity.
The application of deconvolution in cross-well pressure interference analysis has fine-tuned production and water injection targets, yielding a 6% uplift in field oil production without the need for well interventions.
This paper presents a couple of examples of waterflooding efficiency assessment and a ranked list of investment opportunities to unlock field potential. Integrating open-hole data with meticulous well-by-well production analysis, we pinpoint prospective drilling sites. Advanced production analysis notably accelerates the analysis process, thereby diminishing the risk of overlooking enhancement opportunities.
Case Study: Upgrading Gravity Water Deoiling Separators with Hybrid Deoiling Technology for Enhanced Performance and Reduced Carbon Footprint
Authors: White R. , Al-Hamoud A. , Fallatah H. , Al-Gady A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective/Scope
Increase in water-cuts is a common occurrence in oil fields in which water flooding is used for secondary oil recovery. Managing cost of water handling is one of the primary challenges as it continues to erode the profitability. Furthermore, increasing energy requirements to reinject or dispose of the water leads to additional carbon dioxide emissions. More efficient processes are needed to reduce CAPEX & OPEX and reduce carbon emissions.

Methods, Procedures, Process
In anticipation of water rates exceeding facility produced water deoiling capacity, Saudi Aramco upgraded an existing gravity water-oil separator with a hybrid process that combines enhanced gravity separation and induced gas flotation (IGF) in one vessel. The feed water enters a gravity section with plate packs as a primary deoiling process. Water with less oil from the gravity separator then feeds an IGF system within the same vessel to reduce the oil-in-water even further. Deoiled water is then degassed in a quiescent section before being discharged to the injection pumps.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Deoiling capacity was implemented at 40% of the cost of a conventional processes. After the retrofit, the deoiling capacity increased by 50% and the outlet oil-in-water was reduced by 65%. Significant capital expenditure savings were realized as it eliminated the need to install additional vessels for increasing gravity separation capacity. Furthermore, it eliminated the need for installing a separate induced gas flotation system. Additionally, stable water flow from the separator resulted in reducing energy consumption by 15% as the downstream water injection pumps do not need to recycle due to dips in feed flow caused by severe fluctuations in rate. Energy savings reduces costs and carbon emissions. Improved water quality means more oil is recovered which translates to additional revenue. Some lessons learned were gained, including adjustments to start-up procedures and the ideal control setup to ensure a smooth and stable process.

Novel Information
The hybrid solution process can achieve the desired capacity and water quality with less footprint and enhanced process control. The project offers several design and operations best practice of this hybrid system. Since it has been commissioned in July 2022, Saudi Aramco has both increased capacity and quality of the water. Furthermore, water flow to the injection rate has been more energy efficient due to less recycling.
Gas Treatment Produced Water Reuse
Authors: Alhabib Hussain F. , Nass Hani A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Industrial produced wastewater management has been a challenging objective in the Oil and Gas Industry, and the adoption of systems to reuse it is essential to promote the circular economy principles. Saudi Aramco, adapted an integrated system to collect, treat, and reuse the facility-wide produced water to eliminate directing it to evaporation ponds, or outside the facility to waste management entities. Produced water, in gas plants, is usually formed in three processes: separating wells’ sour water from monoethyl-glycol, knocking out sour water during gas sweetening, and during acid gas handling and cooling. The produced water is instantly directed to sour water treatment to remove the hydrogen sulfide, and finally to a biological wastewater treatment plant. The wastewater treatment plant's objective is to reducing the total organic compound (TOC) content in the water through bacterial activity, and filtration. Once the TOC is minimized to the process requirement, it is reused within the plant as a cooling tower make-up water.
It is both an environmental and an economical driven adoption. Produced wastewater is reused to reduce plant's purchased water quantity significantly, and it ultimately leads to minimize the facility's purchased fresh water quantity especially during the summer season where the evaporation rate is high. Also, this leads to a reduction of CO2 footprint as a result of avoided purchased water desalination (scope 2 carbon emission). This initiative also supports the circular economy principles by conserving the plant's water, and minimizing the demand on fresh products.