bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Small Amounts of Chloride Using the Mercuric Thiocyanate Method
Authors: Iwasaki Iwaji , Utsumi Satori , Hagino Ken , Ozawa Takejiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method suitable for the determination of a small amount of chloride using iron alum solution in nitric acid solution, and mercuric thiocyanate solution in a mixture of dioxane and alcohol solution has been established.
The calibration curves conform to Beer’s law at concentrations up to 50 p. p. m. of chloride. The calibration curves are reproducible within ±1% for the range of 5-80 p. p. m. Cl− (Procedure A), and within ±0.05 p. p. m. for the range of 0.05-5 p. p. m. Cl− (Procedure B). As the calibration curves are affected by temperature, it is necessary to measure the absorbance always under the same conditions of temperature in order to achieve good accuracy.
The colored solution is stable. A very small volume of the sample solution such as 5 cc. or 2.5 cc. is good enough for the determination. Interfering substances are few, because this method is carried out in acid medium. Br−, I−, CN−, SCN−, S2−, S2O32−, BrO3−, [Fe(CN)6]4− and [Fe(CN)6]3− interfere, but usually they are not present in natural waters in concentrations that would give a serious error.
This simple method is suitable for rapid determinations, because it is unnecessary to control pH or filter the precipitate. It is suggested that this method can be widely applied to the determination of chloride in waters, rocks, etc.
Metal Chelate Compounds with Higher Rings. I The Preparations and Some Properties of Copper (II) Complexes of ω-Aminocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Nakahara Akitsugu , Hidaka Jinsai , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three new compounds, bis-(γ-aminobutyrato)-copper(II), bis-(δ-aminovalerato)-copper (II), and tetrakis-(ε-carboxyamylamine)-coppe(II) perchlorate, have been prepared. The first and the second compound belong to the bis-(glycinato)-copper(II) type, having a 7-and 8-membered ring, respectively. The last compound has a structure of ammine-derivative complex. In all cases preparations were carried out in non-aqueous media such as ether and chloroform.
It has been concluded that the 8-membered ring is the highest ring for the formation of metal chelate compounds, so far as the copper(II) complexes of ω-aminocarboxylic acids are concerned.
Stability of higher chelate rings was considered as the functions of steric constraints and electronic influences which may be induced with the separation of the two functional groups.
SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF HYDROXYAZO-COMPOUNDS. PART VI
Authors: Uemura Taku , Tabei Shozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The c-hydroxyl-group in hydroxyazo-compounds gives rise to two bands in their absorption carves.
2. The methyl-group shows perhaps no influence upon the shape of the absorption curves of hydroxyazo compounds.
ON THE OXIDATION OF STANNOUS HYDROXIDE IN SODIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION BY MEANS OF AIR
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The oxidation velocity of stannous hydroxide suspended in sodium carbonate solution of various concentrations by means of air was studied. The oxidation velocity was independent of the quantity of stannous hydroxide.
2. The effect of the concentration of sodium carbonate on the reaction velocity was small.
3. It was ascertained that sodium stannite is oxidized rapidly, while stannous hydroxide is oxidized very slowly by means of air.
4. The effect of temperature on the reaction was small.
ON ENANTIOTROPY AND MONOTROPY. I
Authors: Nagasako Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It is a well known fact that there are two distinct behaviours of dimorphism in which transitions are of reversible and irreversible natures. O. Lehmann was the first in classifying it by the two categories, enantiotropy and monotropy. Later it was interpreted by Ostwald and others on the basis of the phase theory. However, clear definitions have not been made so far, which are consistent with all the experimental cases in the wide range of pT-diagram. To make it more complete and concrete, some definitions are given for the terms enantiotropy and monotropy. These terms not only serve to express the absolute stability but also to express the mutual stability of the two modifications in one component. The thermodynamic relations connected to them are also described. The cases of pseudequilibrium are also spoken of. As the result of these considerations, various theories on enantiotropy and monotropy are brought into one conformity.
ON THE DISSOLUTION VELOCITY OF OXYGEN INTO SODIUM HYDROXIDE, SODIUM CARBONATE AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The dissolution velocity of oxygen when air was passed into sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid solution under some conditions was calculated from the oxidation velocities of sodium sulphite, stannous hydroxide and stannous chloride.
2. The mechanism of some negative induced reactions was discussed.
Studies on the Organic Phosphorescence. II. A Revision of Lewis’ Mechanism for the Phosphorescence
Authors: Kato Shunji , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Decay curves of the trypaflavine-silica gel phosphor were measured accurately by means of an oscillograph and a marked deviation from linearity was found at the initial stage. From the spectroscopic studies of fluorescence and phosphorescence, and the effect of light intensity on the shape of the decay curve, it was concluded that Lewis’ scheme must be modified in such a way that another state with a life time of the same order as that of T state directly couples with T state.
Action of Emulsifier upon Compositions of Emulsion Copolymers of Acrylonitrile and Water-insoluble Monomers
Authors: Uchida Moriya , Nagao Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The following are the facts found from the monomer-polymer composition curves of aqueous copolymerization of the water soluble monomer as acrylonitrile and the water insoluble monomers as vinylidene chloride and styrene using the water soluble catalyst.
(1) The emulsifier-free aqueous copolymers contained consistently much more combined acrylonitrile than the corresponding bulk and emulsion copolymer.
(2) The emulsion copolymer contained less acrylonitrile as the amount of used emulsifier increased.
(3) The monomer-polymer composition curves of emulsion copolymerizations were identical with that of bulk copolymerization, only when critical micell concentration of emulsifier was in use.
Studies on Micelles. III. A Check of the New Conclusion from the Spectral Experiments with the Well-known Experimental Facts of Other Authors
Authors: Sasaki Hiroji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conclusion, which is obtained by the spectral experiments on aqueous surfactant solutions, that the micellar concentration in aqueous surfactant solution is constant irrespective of surfactant concentration in the range which is from a little above the CMC to a considerably high surfactant concentration, coincides well with many other experimental results such as solubilization of dye, conductivity, self diffusion, X-Ray diffraction, density, viscosity and osmotic coefficient or cryoscopic behavior.
Sorption of Monobasic Dye-acid by Nylon-6 Fibre
Authors: Nishio Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The equilibrium uptake of two typical monobasic dye-acids by nylon-6 (polycapramide) fibre has been measured for varying concentrations and additional evidence was given to confirm the mechanism of dye attachment to nylon as consisting of (1) combination with basic amine ends at normal dye bath pH and (2) combination mainly with the weakly basic nonterminal amide groups of the polymer chain at lower pH values. The Langmuir equation can well be applied to both regions of adsorption.
It is well known that the thermodynamic affinity of a dye for the fibre represents a fundamental characteristics of the dyeing process. The anion affinities of dye-acids for nylon-6, calculated from data on the equilibrium distribution of dye-acid between bath and fibre in terms of the change in standard chemical potential of the dye sorption process using the equation for wool developed by Gilbert and Rideal, were in good agreement with values for nylon-66 obtained by other workers.
Thus, the fundamental energetics of dyeing process and the mode of dye attachment are the same on these two fibres and some slight differences in dyeing behaviour must arise solely from differences in their physical structure due to the production process.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
Authors: Uzumasa Yasumitsu , Nishimura Masakichi , Seo Toshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A dilute solution of Fe3+—EDTA complex has a characteristic absorption peak at 260 mμ which is available for ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of iron. An excess of disodium salt of EDTA was added to 0.1 m hydrochloric acid solution containing various amounts of iron as Fe3+ and the absorbance was measured with a Beckman DU spectrophotometer. A calibration curve for iron at 260 mμ was obtained and conformity to Beer’s law was found for concentrations up to 17p.p.m. of iron. The sensitivity of the method is 0.0065 γ/cm2.
The absorbance of Fe3+—EDTA solution decreases when irradiated by light, while it recovers when placed in the dark.
Fe3+—EDTA complex is stable in acidic medium, although its absorbance decreases rapidly below pH 0.5. The absorbance is also reduced on the alkaline side.
Hydrochloric, sulfuric, perchloric or acetic acid can be used in the determination. Nitric acid is used only when the concentration is kept in a certain limited value, this acid having the absorption maximum at 300 mμ and the minimum at 260 mμ.
Influence of the coexisting substances on the absorption measurement of Fe3+—EDTA complex was examined. Among the cations examined, alkalies and alkaline earths do not interfere. Cu2+, Hg2+ and Ti4+ interfere seriously when combined with EDTA, because their EDTA complexes show remarkable absorption in the ultraviolet region, which may suggest a new ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of the metals.
After the work reported herein had been completed, the authors were informed of the work of Hill-Cottingham, who reports a somewhat similar study on iron complexes of EDTA and other chelating agents.
A Thermistor Method for the Determination of Velocity Coefficients of Vinyl Polymerization. V. The Effect of the Bulk Viscosity on the Velocity of Vinyl Polymerization
Authors: Miyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The author measured the ratio of the propagation constant to the termination constant k/kt and the bulk viscosity η of the reaction system for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate by using the thermistor method and a special reaction vessel, which could be used as a viscosimeter, then compared the results of these measurements with the values kp and kt of vinyl acetate presented in the previous paper, and thus obtained the general formula for the relation between the bulk viscosity and kp or k. The obtained results are summarized as follows;
1) Throughout the total procss for the polymerization of vinyl acetate the rela-tion between the termination constant kt and η is expressed as follows, (k_t)_0/k_t=0.76+0.24[(η/η_0)^0.20+10^-8(η/η_0)^1.50]
In case of methyl methacrylate, the following formula is recommended which holds up to 22% conversion
(k_t)_0/k=0.83+0.17(η/η_0)^0.28
Where (kt)0 and η are the values of kt and η at conversion 0.
2) The propagation constant k and η in the polymerization of vinyl acetate are expressed as follows.
(k_p)_0/k=1+0.65×10^-6(η/η_0)
3) These results can be explained by the assumption that kt and kp are proportional to the diffusion constants of reacting molecules. Using the theory of Rabi-nowitch-Vaughan, we find some difficulties to explain our experimental results.
Microcolorimetric Determination of Organic Sulfur by the Tin(II)-Strong Phosphoric Acid Reduction Method
Authors: Kiba Toshiyasu , Akaza Ikuko , Kishi née , Taki Sachiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and rapid method for the determination of minute amounts of organic sulfur was established by using the oxidizing action of chromium (VI)-strong phosphoric acid and the reducing power of tin (II)-strong phosphoric acid. Organic sulfur was oxidized to sulfate by the former in a test-tube of fused silica and the sulfate was reduced to hydrogen sulfide by the latter in the same vessel. The hydrogen sulfide evolved was absorbed in zinc acetate solution and estimated colorimetrically by the ordinary methylene blue method. The absorbancy of the colored solution was measured at 655 mμ with a photoelectric colorimeter using 1-cm. cells. The sulfur content of the sample was estimated by comparing the absorbancy value with the standard curve prepared with sodium sulfate. Some organic compounds containing sulfur were analyzed by this method and satisfactory results were obtained. However, analysis of the miscellaneous organic substances such as biological specimens has not been undertaken and the problems for this purpose remain to be solved in future.
Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergent in Non-polar Solvent by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra
Authors: Kitahara Ayao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The concentration dependence of the absorbance for the ultraviolet absorption spectra was measured for cyclohexane solutions of dodecyl ammonium benzoate and of octadecyl ammonium benzoate at 20±2 and 30±2°C. The break has been observed in the absorbance-concentration relationship. On the other hand, the relation between the amount of water solubilized into solutions and the concentration of the detergent showed us the values of the CMC. The concordance found between the value corresponding to the break of the absorbance and the assumed CMC obtained from solubilization makes the existence of the CMC more probable. The concentration of the monomeric molecule and the molar extinction coefficient of the molecule participating in micelle formation were calculated with use of a simple assumption.
Ionization Potentials of Some Organic Molecules. V. Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Authors: Omura Itiro , Baba Hiroaki , Higasi Keniti , Kanaoka Yuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
First ionization potentials of the following substances were determined by a modified critical slope method. Pyridazine 9.86±0.05, pyrimidine 9.91±0.05, pyrazine 10.01±0.02, s-triazine 10.07±0.05, 2,3-lutidine 9.68±0.02, 2,4-lutidine 9.43±0.02, and 2,6-lutidine 9.57±0.02 eV. Interpretations of the results are given from the view-point that the ionization potentials of these compounds are largely determined by the non-bonding electrons at the N atom.
Relations among Bond Order, Force Constant and Bond Length for the C–C and the C–N Bond in Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Anno Tosinobu , Ito Mitsuo , Shimada Ryoichi , Sado Akira , Mizushima Wataru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A general equation correlating bond orders with bond lengths of bonds between any particular pair of atoms in the conjugated systems are proposed. To test this equation applications have been made for C–C and C–N bonds. Because of the scarcity of the calculated values of bond orders for C–N bonds in the literature, bond orders of several molecules containing C–N bonds have been calculated, It is shown that the order-length relation is in good agreement with experiments. A theoretical, although approximate, equation correlating bond lengths with force constants has also been proposed and applied to C–C and C–N bonds. From these relations the length and the stretching force constant of C–N double bond are estimated to be 1.295 Å and 9.1×105 dynes/cm, respectively, the former being in agreement with the value calculated from the covalent radii given by Pauling.
Spectrochemical Study of Microscopic Crystals. XIV. Absorption Spectra and Structure of Dibenzene-chromium(I) Iodide
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Nakamura Hiroji , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarized absorption spectra of [Cr(C6H6)2]I in the visible and the ultraviolet region were quantitatively determined by Tsuchida-Kobayashi’s microscopic method using a single crystal. Visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra in solution and an infra-red spectrum in potassium bromide disks were also determined.
From the results of the measurements, it was concluded that the electronic state of the benzene rings in [Cr(C6H6)2]I deviates greatly from the state of free benzene and that the π-electrons of the benzene rings are attracted remarkably toward the chromium ion to form firm linkages.
The Formation of Cellulose IV in the Viscose Spinning
Authors: Tsuda Yoshizo , Mukoyama Sadataka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of cellulose IV in the viscose spinning process was investigated by the X-ray diffraction measurements. Zinc cellulose xanthate model filaments were regenerated at various temperatures and their X-ray diffraction diagrams were examined. It was observed that the formation of cellulose IV is remarkable when zinc cellulose xanthate is regenerated at the temperature above a critical temperature which lies between 80°C and 100°C. The mechanism of partial formation of cellulose IV in the viscose spinning process was elucidated as follows: when zinc cellulose xanthate formed in the first bath is regenerated at a sufficiently high temperature in the second bath, the formation of cellulose IV consequently results. The main factors involved for the formation of cellulose IV are higher temperature of the second bath and higher concentration of zinc sulfate in the first bath.
Studies on the Chemical Constitution of Agar-agar. XIX. Pyruvic Acid as a Constituent of Agar-agar (Part 3). Structure of the Pyruvic Acid-linking Disaccharide Derivative Isolated from the Methanolysis Products of Agar
Authors: Hirase Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The structure of the acidic compound, isolated from the partial metha-nolysis products of agar in the previous work, has been investigated.
2. Methylation data have indicated that the structure of the compound is 4-O-4′, 6′-O-1″-carboxyethylidene-β-d-galactopyranosyl-3,6-anhydro-l-galactose dimethyl-acetal, the β-linkage being suggested on the basis of the optical rotatory behavior.
3. The structure assigned is also supported by the result of partial hydrolysis and periodate oxidation of the compound.
4. No information has been obtained as to the configuration of the carbon atom C1 of the ethylidene group in the molecule.
Stoichiometric Investigations of the Liquid State IV. Viscosity of Associated Liquid
Authors: Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It is concluded from analysis of viscous flow that associated liquid can be classified as follows.
The first kind: Associated bodies can be distinguished clearly from one another, owing to the strong hydrogen bond. Each associated body flows as a unit in the case of viscous flow.
Examples: saturated fatty acid, saturated aliphatic alcohol, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide.
The second kind: There are no associated bodies which are distinguished clearly from one another, owing to the weak hydrogen bond. The liquid makes overall three-dimensional network structure. Hydrogen bond is destroyed in the case of viscous flow.
Examples: water, ethylene glycole, glycerin, ammonia.
(2) Influence of branching, polar group and ring upon activation energy of viscous flow of unassociated liquid is discussed.
(3) It is found that entropy of activation of viscous flow of unassociated liquid is constant and equal to ca. −2.9 E.U./mole with some exceptions.
(4) The method for calculating degree of association of associated liquid of the first kind from energy and entropy of activation of viscous flow is presented.
(5) Association state of the first kind liquid is discussed in detail.
Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates in the Presence of Hydrochloric Acid or Acidic Ion-exchange Resins
Authors: Kaichi Sh\={o}z\={o} 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Potato amylose and sucrose were hydrolyzed in the presence of hydrochloric acid or acidic ion-exchange resin catalyst. In hydrolysis of amylose at 65°C, the efficiency of resin catalysts was negligibly small as compared with that of hydrochloric acid. In hydrolysis of sucrose at 50°C, the efficiency of resin catalysts was less than that of hydrochloric acid and different according to their sizes. The relation between the average radius and the rate constant was obtained in a broader range than ever.
Rapid Determination of Inorganic Sulfur in Various Forms, Particularly in Sulfide Ores, by the Tin (II)-Strong Phosphoric Acid Reduction Method
Authors: Kiba Toshiyasu , Akaza Ikuko , Sugishita Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The procedure for the determination of sulfate sulfur using a new reagent, tin (II)-strong phosphoric acid, previously devised by the authors, has been extended to the determination of sulfur in other forms of inorganic compounds, e.g., sulfide ores (zinc blende, galena and pyrite), sulfides, thiosulfates, sulfites and thiocyanates. Two procedures of the analysis have been proposed by the authors : one, suitable for sulfide ores, sulfides, and sulfites, in which samples are treated directly with tin(II)-strong phosphoric acid to reduce the sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, and the other,, suitable for sulfites, thiosulfates, and thiocyanates, in which samples are previously treated with bromine water to oxidize the sulfur to sulfate, and the sulfate is reduced to hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide evolved from the sample is absorbed in zinc acetate solution and titrated iodimetrically as usual. The rapidity and the simplicity of the original method are still retained in this case,, by which less than 30 milligrams of sulfur in the sample can be estimated within thirty minutes with good reproducibility.
On the Relation between Viscosity and Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergent Solutions. III. Relations between Micellar Molecular Weight, Viscosity and Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergent Solutions
Authors: Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The following equation is found between association number (n) and critical micelle concentration (Cc in mol./1.) in detergent solutions
n=17.0×(1/C_c)^0.29
This relation holds, independent of an-ionic and cationic detergents and added electrolytes.
2) The following equations are found between micellar weight (Mm) and two kinds of intrinsic viscosity ([η1] and [η2]) already reported in the previous paper.
& logM_m=0.41{logn[η_1]}^2
& -0.39{logn[η_1]}+3.47
& logM_m=0.45{logn[η_2]}^2
& -0.91{logn[η_2]}+4.04
These relations are applicable, not only to ionic- but also to non-ionic detergents.
3) Discussions are made on the cause of characteristic behavior of viscosity at CMC. This phenomenon seems to be due to adsorption of detergent molcules to the wall of viscometer.
Phase Diagrams of Ca3(PO4)2-Mg3(PO4)2 and Ca3(PO4)2-CaNaPO4 Systems
Authors: Ando Jumpei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The small amount of magnesia contained in tricalcium phosphate replacing lime stabilizes β modification of the phosphate. However, a new compound Ca3Mg3(PO4)4 is formed below 1175°C when more than 0.6 mol. of MgO to 1 mol. of P2O5 is introduced into the phosphate. This compound is soluble in citric acid but less soluble in neutral ammonium citrate similarly as is serpentine-fused phosphate fertilizer.
In Ca3(PO4)2-CaNaPO4 system, a crystalline solution with α-rhenanite structure is easily formed within the range of 2.6 CaO· 0.4 Na2O· P2O5—2.4 CaO·0.6 Na2O·P2O5, and is furthermore stabilized by the admixture of calcium orthosilicate. This crystalline solution is highly soluble in both citric acid and citrate, composing a principal part of low-alkali calcined phosphate fertilizers.