bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of emotion expressiveness: gender differences among senior executives
Authors: Callahan Jamie L. , Hasler Michael G. , Tolson Homer 
Published: January 2007

PurposeFolk theory and empirical studies generally indicate that women tend to be somewhat more expressive than men. The present study seeks to determine whether there are gender‐related emotion‐expressiveness differences among senior executives and to explore the extent to which there are emotion expressiveness differences by organizational position.Design/methodology/approachThe levels of self‐reported expressiveness among senior organizational leaders (781 males, 669 females) were examined. Differences by gender and position were explored using ANOVAs.FindingsIn several key positions, including CEOs, males reported themselves to be significantly more expressive than females. However, differences between male and female expressiveness were not observed for certain executive positions. Further, both males and females reported statistically significant low levels of expressiveness.Research limitations/implicationsProfessionals charged with addressing conflict within organizations may find themselves handling socio‐emotional aspects of leadership if executives are not fulfilling this responsibility. Further, organizational initiatives, such as organizational learning, may be hindered if executives do not engage in managing the emotional aspects of leadership. Finally, the reasons for gender‐role reversal found in the present study should be explored in future research.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature on gender, emotion, and leadership. There are two primary contributions of the present study. First, female executives tend to report themselves as less expressive than male executives; this is in contrast with research that suggests that women are better at emotional expressiveness than men. Second, executives are, in general, not focusing on the socio‐emotional dimensions of leadership, which is a well‐accepted element of successful leadership.
Framing effects in managerial third‐party intervention: an exploratory study
Authors: Elangovan A.R. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the role of framing effects and the third‐party's need for consistency in intervention strategy selection in managerial dispute intervention. The objective is to move research forward by adopting a decision‐making perspective of dispute intervention and examining the role of framing in such a context.Design/methodology/approachA scenario‐based experimental approach was used and data were collected on 318 intervention cases from 106 students majoring in business, and enrolled in a medium‐sized public university.FindingsResults suggest that framing does influence the selection of intervention strategies to some extent, but the third‐party's need for consistency between his/her preferred settlement and the actual final settlement plays a bigger role in influencing strategy selection.Research limitations/implicationsThis study higlights the merits of adopting a decision‐making perspective to understand managerial dispute intervention and points to the need for extending and testing more of the key concepts from that area of research.Practical implicationsThe results indicating support for a need for consistency on the part of managerial third‐parties as well as the influence of framing underscore the need for managers to be aware of these factors influencing their conflict management behaviours and to strive to “rise above the fray”.Originality/valueThe results of this paper challenge the conventional view that third‐parties in disputes are generally more objective and can see the “big picture”, and represents a valuable first step towards gaining a better understanding the role of cognitive biases and heuristics in managerial dispute intervention.
Leadership and gender: a dangerous liaison?
Authors: Trinidad Cristina , Normore Anthony H. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the extant literature on the ways women lead in organizations with a focus on the fields of business and education. A secondary purpose is to identify implications of the literature for leadership and gender issues in the worlds of business and education.Design/methodology/approachA review of the extant literature was conducted to collect data through professional and academic journals of business and education, pertinent web sites, and textbooks. Once these data were collected, they were placed in categories according to common themes and patterns that emerged from the literature on the leadership styles of women in business and education.FindingsResearch findings show that women adopt democratic and participative leadership styles in the corporate world and in education. Transformational leadership is the preferred leadership style used by women. The characteristics of transformational leadership relate to female values developed through socialization processes that include building relationships, communication, consensus building, power as influence, and working together for a common purpose.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical perspective on women's leadership behaviours as an approach to equity in organizations by capitalizing on female contributions to organizations and the importance of those contributions in an increasingly diverse workforce world‐wide. Women leadership styles are presented as alternatives to traditional leadership models.
Development of the servant leadership assessment instrument
Authors: Dennis Robert S. , Bocarnea Mihai 
Published: January 2007

PurposeBuilding upon Patterson's servant leadership theory, this study aims to present an instrument to measure the constructs of this working theory (identified as agapao love, humanity, altruism, vision, trust, service, and empowerment).Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, the seven component concepts, as defined by Patterson, were used to build items for a servant leadership instrument. This study used DeVellis' “Guidelines in Scale Development” to develop an instrument for Patterson's new theory of servant leadership. The participants for the study consisted of a stratified sample taken from the study response data base. The surveys were created, and administered, using an online survey using surveysuite.FindingsThree separate data collections were used for the development of this instrument reducing the 71‐item scale to 42 items yielding five factors: empowerment, love, humility, trust, and vision.Research limitations/implicationsRecommend that future research include surveys at companies and organizations that advocate servant leadership concepts. Future research should include how each gender influences some of these items.Practical implicationsIt is the intention that this instrument has the ability to predict or give measurement to the concepts of Patterson's theory of servant leadership so that a servant leader can measure his or her effectiveness as a servant leader.Originality/valueAccording to the review of the literature, this is the first instrument to measure five factors on servant leadership.
Stakeholder leadership: organizational change and power
Authors: Ford Randal 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo research how the chief executive officers (CEO) and vice presidents (VPs) and Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System (SRHS) developed into a highly collaborative enterprise in managing change on a daily basis.Design/methodology/approachA combination of research methods, both qualitative and quantitative, was used in gathering data. Archival records – meeting minutes, memos, internal and external diagnostic surveys, local and regional newspapers – enabled collecting data over an extended period, in addition to direct observation (April 2003‐May 2004) and interviews: retrospective and concurrent. Content analysis – a qualitative method employed through grounded theory (analytic induction) – generated the themes from the archival and interview data.FindingsQuantitative data suggest for the years May 2000‐December 2003 a change in behavior toward more participation occurred at SRHS, on an organizational level and in the relations between the CEO and VPs; also during this period the hospital's patient satisfaction scores improved significantly from 50 to low‐to‐mid 90 percent. The collaborative work practices the CEO and VPs had assumed was not the norm for the VPs working at SRHS back in March 2000, under the former CEO's administration. Research shows by May 2004 the current CEO and VPs' social interaction had evolved into practices of reciprocal power relations and knowledge sharing that was more decentralized, lateral, team‐based, and participative than a strict bureaucracy would tolerate.Originality/valueFindings from this study illustrates three principles leaders can use in establishing stakeholder power relations to guide practices that aid organizations in managing change on a day‐to‐day basis.
Middle managers' uncertainty management during organizational change
Authors: Herzig Sharyn E. , Jimmieson Nerina L. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis study aims to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit middle managers' experience of uncertainty management during organizational change.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is qualitative and involved interviews with 40 middle managers from a range of organizations.FindingsAnalysis revealed that at the pre‐implementation stage, uncertainty focused on the strategic concept of the change, whereas at implementation, uncertainty related to the appropriate procedures to implement. Middle managers’ uncertainty management was found to be important in assisting their employees in the change transition. The factors identified as being either facilitators or barriers to uncertainty management focused on themes related to the design of change, communication with both senior management and their own staff, support from senior management, role conflict, and peer interaction. A model was created to link facilitators and barriers with uncertainty to guide future research.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for organizational change research along with practical implications are discussed.Originality/valueThis study provides insight into the positive contributions middle managers can make during change, along with suggesting what factors are facilitators or barriers to this positive role.
Implementing change: the perspective of NHS change agents
Authors: Massey Lynn , Williams Sharon 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the change process that is required to support CANDO, a business improvement technique primarily associated with the manufacturing sector. It reviews the transferability of CANDO to a health setting and examines the effectiveness of this tool through the eyes of the change agents and implementers. The study draws on an ongoing empirical research study in the NHS.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is a case study, combining semi‐structured interviews, observations and reflexive accounts.FindingsThe results show that this improvement tool is an appropriate mechanism as a foundation for developing change agents and for creating change in health care. The capability and competence of the change agent is critical to the success of a change programme. Specific skills include developing people outside of their normal functional boundaries, redefining values and norms, motivating and energising others, translating terminology, setting the initiative within the wider agenda for change, and designing and communicating solutions and new systems as a result of CANDO activities.Research limitations/implicationsAs the research focuses on one NHS Trust within the UK this limits the generalisibility of the results. However, the results provide an important insight into developing change agents, their role while identifying enablers and inhibitors to the change process.Originality/valueThis paper records the early stages of what is a large‐scale and long‐term improvement programme from the perspective of the change agent. This is an important perspective that is often overlooked when examining change programmes.
UK robotic installations statistics for 2004
Authors: Young K. , Tuersley I. , Vaidya A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to collate and analyse data relating to the sales and installations of industrial robots in the UK for the preceding year and, by comparison with data from previous years, identify market trends.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected by the annual survey of UK robot sales and installations conducted by the British Automation and Robotics Association.FindingsThe key statistics for 2004 are as follows: a total of 785 units installed; total installations to date (from 1978) are 21,744 units adjusted to 14,176 to allow for International Federation of Robotics 12‐year retirement rule; the automotive sector remains dominant but dropped 79 per cent from 2003 to 458 units; the non‐automotive sector grew 11 per cent from 2003 with 327 units installed; significant growth in three sectors are: plastics and rubber 46 per cent; construction 85 per cent; and pharmaceuticals 95 per cent. Arc and spot welding installations reduced by 45 per cent, however, spot welding remains dominant application; growth of 80 per cent in “Dispensing” applications; six‐axis robots account for majority of the market; significant growth in seven‐axis robots; majority of installations fall between £10 and 30 k cost classification highlighting a price drop from 2003; robots originating from EU decreased by 145 per cent; and robots originating from Japan increased by 8 per cent.Originality/valueThe study identifies current trends in the UK industrial robot market in terms of factors such as industrial sector, application, robot type/structure and cost. By relating the data to the economic and industrial conditions prevalent in the UK this will provide a useful insight for robot application and development for both end‐users and vendors.
Robots will be of service with muscles, not motors
Authors: Duncheon Charlie 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to project how electroactive polymer will replace conventional electromagnetic motor driven solutions for service and industrial robots.Design/methodology/approachPresents the ability of electro active polymer to provide higher power density for robot actuation over conventional approaches. Laboratory tests by DARPA compared electroactive polymer with conventional electromagnetic methodologies as well as shape memory alloy and piezo solutions.FindingsTests by DARPA and SRI International showed significant power density advantages for electroactive polymer artificial muscles (EPAM). Robot prototypes and well as early commercial prototypes developed by Artificial Muscle, Inc. in pumps, valves, and actuators prove superior performance over other actuation solutions.Originality/valueIntroduces a new low cost, low power consumption, light weight, and silent method for actuation for robots and other motion control devices.
Vision enabled robotics
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: January 2007

PurposeExamines a recently launched integration of smart cameras into industrial robots to make them responsive to a changing environment.Design/methodology/approachReviews the capabilities of the vision‐enabled robot, citing installations in Sweden and the UK, then describes the robot and vision programming procedure.FindingsVision integration opens up a range of new possibilities such as simultaneous product handling and inspection, as well as providing real‐time robot guidance. Standardisation plays an extremely valuable role in building integrated systems from disparate technological elements. Here ActiveX web standards, ethernet connectivity, a standard interchangeable family of cameras and a common controller for a whole range of robots are the keys to the synthesis of a powerful new combination of robot and machine vision.Originality/valueDraws to the attention of industrial engineers the availability of a family of robots with integrated machine vision.
Automation in the sky
Authors: Kochan Anna 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to summarise the programme of UV Europe, a conference on unmanned vehicles that took place in Paris in June 2005.Design/methodology/approachSelects key conference presentations and summarises their contents, indicating the main themes.FindingsFinds very strong international activity in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Most progress has been made in the military sector so far. Concern about air space safety is holding back the industry.Originality/valuePresents the topics relating to UAVs that concern the market today, and summarises the main areas of research and development.
Japanese robotics – where to go?
Authors: Kusuda Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to make an appeal to Japanese robotic community in an attempt to keep global competitivity for the future.Design/methodology/approachClarifies the cost structure of the robotic business. Analyses the needs of Japanese society. Leads to suggest the new direction of Japanese robotics.FindingsSpecific target robots for the future are suggested.Originality/valueThe new direction in R&D is proposed based on the study on the cost structure of the robotic industry and the needs of Japanese society.
Weighted path planning based on collision detection
Authors: Lu Shujun , Chung Jae H. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to make an industrial robot work human‐friendly while coexisting with humans in a same working space, without any modification of the manipulator hardware as well as its motion controller.Design/methodology/approachPresents a weighted path planning approach based on collision detection for a robot sharing the same workspace with humans. Using a base and wrist force/torque sensors, a model‐based method is investigated to estimate the collision force and collision position on the manipulator; then a weighted path planning approach is developed to control the human‐robot interaction. Simulation experiments, with collisions between the manipulator and static objects and moving objects, are conducted to validate the efficacy of the method.FindingsThe experimental results illustrate the validity of the developed collision detection and planning scheme and make it possible for industrial robots to work safely around humans. The proposed weighted path planner (WPP) outperforms other three path planners.Originality/valueIntroduces the WPP based on collision detection. The wrist and base force/torque sensors configuration has the friction free benefit, and the developed method does not modify the existing designs of industrial robots. The contact force is well controlled under the human pain tolerance limit, through the modification of the desired path, and does not need torque control which is usually not available to industrial robots.
The impact of spoken interfaces on the design of service robots
Authors: Bugmann G. , Wolf J.C. , Robinson P. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeService robots need to be programmable by their users who are in general unskilled in the art of robot programming. We have explored the use of spoken language for programming robots.Design/methodology/approachTwo applications domains were studied: that of route instructions and that of game instructions. The latter is work in progress. In both cases work started by recording verbal instructions representative of how human users would naturally address their robot.FindingsThe analysis of these instructions reveals references to high‐level functions natural to humans but challenging for designers of robots. The instruction structure reflects assumptions about the cognitive abilities of the listener and it is likely that some human capabilities for rational thinking will be required in service robots.Research limitations/implicationsSome of the high‐level functions called for by natural communication stretch current capabilities and there is a clear case for more effort being devoted in some areas. Instruction analysis provides pointers to such research topics.Practical implicationsIt is proposed that service robot design should start with investigating the way end‐users will communicate with the robot. This is encapsulated in the “corpus‐based” approach to robot design illustrated in this paper. This results in more functional service robots.Originality/valueThe paper stresses the importance of considering human‐robot communication early in the robot design process.
Robots and operators work hand in hand
Authors: Kochan Anna 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo report on new robot technologies and applications exhibited at Automatica trade fair held in Munich.Design/methodology/approachVisited exhibits of key manufacturers and reviewed their latest developments.FindingsClear trend is emerging for safe robots that permit operator and robot to work without safety barriers separating them.Originality/valueInforms industry about new solutions and applications that could be of benefit to them.
It takes more than a brush to fill paint store orders
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo report on the design and development of a robotic order‐building system that both depalletizes pails of paint and then repalletizes them by customer order instructions.Design/methodology/approachA paint products manufacturer called in a custom material‐handling robot builder not only to design the robot but to design and commission the entire order‐building system.FindingsRobot handling of heavy paint pails can speed order building, reduce workforce injuries and improve accuracy of shipments.Practical implicationsDo not rule out robotic handling of odd shapes in thinking of how robotics can automate operations. Finding a system integrator who has experience with products of one's own type can prove a key to project success.Originality/valueLearning of the success of another company in addressing tough to handle containers can provide ideas for addressing a company's own automation needs.
Tracking a moving object with real‐time obstacle avoidance
Authors: Chen Chung‐Hao , Cheng Chang , Page David , Koschan Andreas , Abidi Mongi 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to develop a robotic platform to autonomously track a moving objectDesign/methodology/approachThis robotic platform, based on a modular system known as SafeBot, uses two sensors: a visual CCD camera and a laser‐based range sensor. The rigidly mounted camera tracks an object in front of the platform and generates appropriate drive commands to keep the object in view, even if the object itself moves. The range sensor detects other objects as the platform moves to provide real‐time obstacle avoidance while continuously tracking the original object.FindingsThe current approach successfully tracks an object, particularly a human subject, and avoids reasonably sized obstacles, but on‐board processing limitations restrict the speed of the object to approximately 5 km/h.Originality/valueThe core technology – a moving object tracked by a mobile robot with real‐time obstacle avoidance – is an integrated system comprising object tracking on a mobile platform and real‐time obstacle avoidance with robotic control. This system is applicable to a variety of automated applications such as inventory management, industrial palette distribution, and intruder surveillance.