bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical underpinnings of CAT
Authors: Burns-Lundgren Eva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) from its early origins in Anthony Ryle’s efforts to create a common language for the psychotherapies, through the provision of a solid object relations base to more cognitive aspects of the model. CAT is an integrative and relational model of therapy, which also draws on the ideas of Lev Vygotsky and Mikhail Bakhtin on the continuous social and dialogic formation of mind and the self—‘we interact and communicate, therefore I become’. CAT views participants in therapy as whole human beings within their interpersonal context, and focuses on how we construe the world around us and choose to interact in it. CAT is time-limited and in the early stages of therapy sequences of problem procedures are jointly identified, which become the main focus throughout the work. Ryle’s interest in why we don’t revise these procedures, even though they come at high personal cost, lead to the development of the core CAT concept of reciprocal roles and their resultant reciprocal role procedures. The chapter describes the development of these interpersonal roles and procedures, both from a theoretical perspective, and through their demonstration in observational studies. CAT uses written and diagrammatic tools to describe these patterns, and the diagram in particular, the sequential diagrammatic reformulation, is a powerful aid for addressing these as they emerge within the therapy relationship. The chapter gives clinical illustrations and examples of diagrams.
CAT for people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder
Authors: Evans Mark 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter makes reference to the current evidence for psychological approaches for people with bipolar disorder (BD) before describing the cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for bipolar disorder (CATBiD) study. Insights from both clients and therapists in the study will be discussed and some hypotheses suggested for how to formulate BD using a CAT perspective. CAT appears to be a promising treatment for people living with BD, reflections are offered on what it can bring over and above what other more standard (cognitive behavioural and psychoeducational) approaches can offer. Three case studies are described and made reference to together with examples of CAT diagrams that may be helpful. CAT can be a useful therapy for clients with BD but there are some key differences in the approach compared to when working with people who experience difficulties with emotionally unstable or narcissistic personality traits.
‘Struggling well’
Authors: Walsh Sue , Freshwater Kate 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Feeling and holding onto your self-worth when organizational change is constant; trying to implement a change process that you have not been consulted about; not knowing what is going on and feeling too insignificant to ask; watching effective systems be dismantled in the face of a new National Health Service (NHS) target or reorganization; being overwhelmed at work and feeling unsure how to cope; knowing when to get out when work has become too difficult or coping proactively when you feel you no longer have a valued place; making good decisions about whistleblowing when it all feels, and is, frightening. These are examples of emotional experiences embedded into the everyday psychosocial context of mental health work. Maintaining self-worth and self-efficacy in the face of service demands is key to well-being at work and is an enabling factor in supporting organizational change. The interrelationship between self and organization is therefore key to the delivery of effective and compassionate help-giving relationships. Drawing upon the mentalization literature cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) can help us maintain the focus on our primary work task of enabling and supporting positive change in the well-being and life chances of services users. This chapter explores using CAT organizationally to maintain the reflective capacities of the individual and the system through clinical and organizational supervision and by embedding CAT in wider system change.
Revision
Authors: Lloyd Julie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the process of change, or revision, within cognitive analytic therapy (CAT). Client and therapist work together within this active phase, to notice and develop new ways of relating to oneself and others, through exits, or ways out of familiar target problem procedures that have maintained the individual’s target problems. Positive change in CAT initially involves developing an understanding of these target problems in their historical and relational context, which in turn allows for the development of an ‘observing eye/I’, scaffolded by the therapist. New reciprocal role procedures become explicitly described and through the process of recognition and revision new possibilities emerge. Knowledge and experiences within the therapeutic relationship offer rich opportunities for client and therapist to practice exits together, or new ways of relating, which are then built on in-between sessions using tools to reinforce and reflect on new learning.
Ubiquitous filter feeders shape open ocean microbial community structure and function
Authors: Thompson Anne W , Nyerges Györgyi , Lamberson Kylee M , Sutherland Kelly R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mechanism of mortality plays a large role in how microorganisms in the open ocean contribute to global energy and nutrient cycling. Salps are ubiquitous pelagic tunicates that are a well-known mortality source for large phototrophic microorganisms in coastal and high-latitude systems, but their impact on the immense populations of smaller prokaryotes in the tropical and subtropical open ocean gyres is not well quantified. We used robustly quantitative techniques to measure salp clearance and enrichment of specific microbial functional groups in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. We discovered that salps are a previously unknown predator of the globally abundant nitrogen fixer Crocosphaera; thus, salps restrain new nitrogen delivery to the marine ecosystem. We show that the ocean's two numerically dominant cells, Prochlorococcus and SAR11, are not consumed by salps, which offers a new explanation for the dominance of small cells in open ocean systems. We also identified a double bonus for Prochlorococcus, wherein it not only escapes salp predation but the salps also remove one of its major mixotrophic predators, the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina. When we modeled the interaction between salp mesh and particles, we found that cell size alone could not account for these prey selection patterns. Instead, the results suggest that alternative mechanisms, such as surface property, shape, nutritional quality, or even prey behavior, determine which microbial cells are consumed by salps. Together, these results identify salps as a major factor in shaping the structure, function, and ecology of open ocean microbial communities.
Laccase-induced decontamination and humification mechanisms of estrogen in water–crop matrices
Authors: Sun Kai , Dai Ling-Zhi , Chen Mei-Hua , Si You-Bin , Fang Guo-Dong , Li Shun-Yao , Yu Han-Qing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Enzymatic humification plays a crucial biogeochemical role in eliminating steroidal estrogens and expanding organic carbon stocks. Estrogenic contaminants in agroecosystems can be taken up and acropetally translocated by crops, but the roles of laccase-triggered rhizospheric humification (L-TRH) in pollutant dissipation and plant uptake remain poorly understood. In this study, the laccase-induced decontamination and humification mechanisms of 17β-estradiol (E2) in water–crop media were investigated by performing greenhouse pot experiments with maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). The results demonstrated that L-TRH effectively dissipated E2 in the rhizosphere solution and achieved the kinetic constants of E2 dissipation at 10 and 50 μM by 8.05 and 2.75 times as much as the treatments without laccase addition, respectively. The copolymerization of E2 and root exudates (i.e. phenols and amino acids) consolidated by L-TRH produced a larger amount of humified precipitates with the richly functional carbon architectures. The growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment levels of maize seedlings were greatly impeded after a 120-h exposure to 50 μM E2, but L-TRH motivated the detoxication process and thus mitigated the phytotoxicity and bioavailability of E2. The tested E2 contents in the maize tissues initially increased sharply with the cultivation time but decreased steadily. Compared with the treatment without laccase addition, the uptake and accumulation of E2 in the maize tissues were obviously diminished by L-TRH. E2 oligomers such as dimer, trimer, and tetramer recognized in the rhizosphere solution were also detected in the root tissues but not in the shoots, demonstrating that the acropetal translocation of E2 oligomers was interrupted. These results highlight a promising strategy for decontaminating estrogenic pollutants, boosting rhizospheric humification, and realizing low-carbon emissions, which would be beneficial for agroenvironmental bioremediation and sustainability.
Stability versus flexibility in projectified science–policy context: what is the role of science advisors?
Authors: Vihma Peeter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Science–policy interaction is frequently organized through projects, lauded as flexible and focused administrative solutions for policy learning. However, there is a risk of stifling projects with overly rigid interfaces or, controversially, losing project results amidst the cracks of inter- and intra-organizational cleavages when interfaces are excessively flexible. This article examines how science advisors in Estonian ministries contributed to resolving this controversy through an in-depth case study of an agenda-setting bioeconomy project. The results suggest that the potential of science advisors to provide necessary flexibility is contingent on their position relative to bureaucratic hierarchies and boundary objects.
Waqf—The Muslim endowments in India: ideological and legal intricacies
Authors: Rasool Tabasum 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Waqf is the permanent dedication by any person, of any movable or immovable property for any purpose recognised by the Muslim law as pious, religious or charitable. Making waqf is considered a virtuous act in Islam. As a result, Muslims established auqaf wherever they lived. Apart from agricultural, commercial and residential properties, waqf in India includes functional/non-functional mosques, darghās (tomb or shrine of Muslim saint), khanqahās (building or space for Sufi brotherhood), maqbaras (tombs), ashoor-khanās (mourning place for Shias), qabristāns (graveyards), idghās (space to offer Eid Prayer), imam-baras (space for prayers and gatherings for Shias), etc. With the passage of time, waqf endowments started playing an important role in shaping the religious, social, educational, cultural, economic and political aspects/institutions of Muslim societies. This voluntary institution of waqf supplemented the State in fulfilment of its obligations towards the provisions of public good. This interaction between the state and the waqf created ideological and legal intricacies that have shaped the present-day waqf legislations.
Should New Data on Rehabilitation Interventions in Critically Ill Patients Change Clinical Practice? Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jiroutková Kateřina , Duška František , Waldauf Petr 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
We published a meta-analysis in March 2020 to assess the impact of rehabilitation in the ICU on clinical outcomes. Since then, 15 new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published; we updated the meta-analysis to show how the recent studies have tipped the scale.

Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting:
An update of secondary data analysis of RCTs published between January 1998 and July 2023 performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Patients:
Critically ill adults.

Interventions:
Cycling exercises or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or protocolized physical rehabilitation (PPR) or functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycle ergometry (FESCE) compared with standard of care.

Measurements and Main Results:
Days on a mechanical ventilator, length of stay in ICU and at the hospital, and mortality. We found 15 RCTs (one on cycling, eight on NMES alone, four on PPR, and two on FESCE) into which 2116 patients were randomized. The updated meta-analysis encompasses a total of 5664 patients. The exercise interventions did not influence mortality (odds ratio, 1.00 [0.87–1.14]; n = 53 RCTs) but reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference, –1.76 d [–2.8 to –0.8 d]; n = 46) and length of stay in ICU (–1.16 d [–2.3 to 0.0 d]; n = 45). The effects on the length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were only significant for the PPR subgroup by a median of –1.7 days (95% CI, –3.2 to –0.2 d) and –1.9 days (95% CI, –3.5 to –0.2 d), respectively. Notably, newly published trials provided consistent results and reduced the overall heterogeneity of these results.

Conclusions:
None of the rehabilitation intervention strategies being studied influence mortality. Both mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were shortened by PPR, this strengthens the earlier findings as all new RCTs yielded very consistent results. However, no early rehabilitation interventions in passive patients seem to have clinical benefits. Regarding long-term functional outcomes, the results remain inconclusive.
Laser Test Spots: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chong Derrick , Shi Jincheng , Richer Vincent 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Laser test spots are commonly suggested for the assessment of clinical response and adverse effects, but use by laser operators is not well described.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the use of laser test spots in the existing published literature regarding methodology (location, treatment parameters) and objective (clinical efficacy, safety, other).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This scoping review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines and included indexed studies performing test spots in human subjects for dermatologic conditions with clinical reassessment at a subsequent visit.

RESULTS
Among 5,261 identified publications, 103 studies with 959 test spots were selected for inclusion. Test spots conducted were mostly on lesional skin (89.3%) assessing both clinical response and adverse effects (76.9%). Most test spots used multiple laser parameters with a single wavelength (48.3%). Fluence was most frequently adjusted either alone (30.1%) or in combination with pulse duration or spot size. Other described test spots examined single set of laser parameters, multiple wavelengths with various parameters, or were left unspecified.

CONCLUSION
Laser test spot methodology was diverse and performed for dual objectives of efficacy and safety. The authors have compiled clinical considerations to assist laser operators in deciding whether performing a test spot may be beneficial to their patient.
Variable Energy and Ultrasound–based Liposculpture of the Arms: Multicenter and Multidevice Study
Authors: Cala Uribe Laura C. , Perez Pachon Mauricio E. , Babaitis Ricardo , Zannin Ferrero Andreina , Aljure Diaz Manuel F. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Incorporation of new technologies to assist the liposuction procedure is becoming increasingly common. These technologies allow for a softer technique, balanced shaping, elimination of excess adipose tissue, and skin tightening. Some of these technologies include ultrasound (US; US-assisted liposculpture, VASER-assisted liposuction), power suction (power-assisted liposuction), radiofrequency (RF; RF-assisted lipolysis), and laser (laser-assisted liposuction). In addition, some of these devices have been shown to reduce the incidence of hematomas/inflammation and shorten recovery time. We report our experience in high-definition liposculpture of the arms in addition to new technologies to improve skin retraction, comparing their results in terms of complications, satisfaction score, and aesthetic outcomes. We included patients with mild-to-moderate arm dermatochalasis (Duncan classification) fat deposits in the upper extremities who were considered candidates for third-generation US-assisted liposculpture, power-assisted liposuction, RF-assisted lipolysis/skin tightening, and laser-assisted liposuction. A total of 683 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most of them were women (n = 605, 88%). Fat grafting was performed in 80 patients (11.7%). A significant portion of the patients were secondary cases (n = 223, 33%). Age ranged from 18 to 70 years (median = 38 years). BMI ranged from 17.8 to 34.8 kg/m2 (mean = 24.3 kg/m2). RF-assisted and laser-assisted high-definition liposculpture of the arms are both effective and reproducible techniques for patients who seek an athletic and slim arm contour. A low rate of complications and high satisfaction index support our findings.
T-line Hernia Mesh Repairs of Large Umbilical Hernias: Technique and Short-term Outcomes
Authors: Naga Hani I. , Emovon Emmanuel , Kim Joshua K. , Hernandez Jorge Andres , Yoo Jin S. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The T-line hernia mesh is a synthetic, polypropylene mesh specifically designed to prevent anchor point failure by evenly distributing tension through mesh suture extensions. This case series illustrates the first clinical application of the T-line mesh for umbilical hernia repair (UHR).

Methods:
This study is a retrospective, consecutive cases series of all adult patients presenting to a single surgeon with symptomatic umbilical hernia requiring surgical repair using the T-line hernia mesh. Patient demographics, surgical details, and 30-day postoperative complications were collected. Descriptive statistics were computed in Microsoft Excel (Redmond, Va.).

Results:
Three patients presented for UHR. All three patients were obese with mean body mass index of 37.5 ± 6.6. Two patients were former smokers, and two had presented after hernia recurrence. The average defect size was 80.1 cm2 ± 94.0 cm2. Two patients had UHR with onlay mesh placement, whereas one had a transversus abdominus release followed by retrorectus mesh placement. The average mesh size was 192.3 cm2 ± 82.5 cm2. All three cases were classified as clean. There were no intraoperative complications. No patients experienced 30-day postoperative complications or recurrence.

Conclusions:
We present a case series of three patients presenting with large, symptomatic umbilical hernias who underwent UHR with T-line hernia mesh reinforcement without short term complications or hernia recurrence at last follow-up.
Continuous Wave Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation and Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation in Childhood Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Hassan Amr K. , Elsaman Ahmed S. , Azhari Jamal O. , VanderVeen Deborah K. , Abdelnaem Salah , Pakravan Mohammad , Chang Ta C. , Khodeiry Mohamed M. , Khouri Albert S. , Sayed Mohamed S. , Lee Richard K. , Sallam Ahmed B. 
Published: March 2024

Précis:
Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TS-CPC) and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) were effective in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications in childhood glaucoma.

Objective:
To report the outcomes of continuous wave TS-CPC and ECP in childhood glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a systematic search of relevant databases. We collected data on age, follow-up duration, type of glaucoma, previous surgical interventions, preoperative and postoperative IOP, preoperative and postoperative number of glaucoma medications, adverse events, number of sessions, and success rates at different time points. The main outcome measures are the amount of IOP and glaucoma medication reduction.

Results:
We included 17 studies studying 526 patients (658 eyes); 11 evaluated the effectiveness of TS-CPC (268 patients, 337 eyes), 5 evaluated ECP (159 patients, 197 eyes), and one study compared both techniques (56 patients, 72 eyes for TS-CPC vs 43 patients, 52 eyes for ECP). The median duration of follow-up was 28 months in the TS-CPC group and 34.4 months in the ECP group. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.7 in the TS-CPC and 1.3 in the ECP. In the TS-CPC group, the mean IOP was significantly reduced from 31.2 ± 8 to 20.8 ± 8 mm Hg at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced from 2.3 ± 1.3 to 2.2 ± 1.3 (P = 0.37). In the ECP group, there was also a significant reduction in the mean IOP from 32.9 ± 8 mm Hg with a mean of 1.7 ± 0.7 glaucoma medications to 22.6 ± 9.8 mm Hg (P < 0.0001) on 1.2 ± 1.1 medications (P = 0.009) at the last follow-up.

Conclusion:
Both TS-CPC and ECP were effective in reducing the IOP and glaucoma medications in childhood glaucoma. Multiple treatment sessions were required.
Erector spinae plane block reduces opioid consumption and improves incentive spirometry volume after cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liang Ting-Wei , Shen Ching-Hui , Wu Yung-Szu , Chang Yi-Ting 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Effective postoperative pain management is vital in cardiac surgery to prevent opioid dependency and respiratory complications. Previous studies on the erector spinae plane (ESP) block have focused on single-shot applications or immediate postoperative outcomes. This study evaluates the efficacy of continuous ESP block vs conventional care in reducing opioid consumption and enhancing respiratory function recovery postcardiac surgery over 72 hours.

Methods:
A retrospective study at a tertiary hospital (January 2021–July 2022) included 262 elective cardiac surgery patients. Fifty-three received a preoperative ESP block, matched 1:1 with a control group (n = 53). The ESP group received 0.5% ropivacaine intraoperatively and 0.16% ropivacaine every 4 hours postoperatively. Outcomes measured were cumulative oral morphine equivalent (OME) dose within 72 hours postextubation, daily maximum numerical rating scale (NRS) ≥3, incentive spirometry volume, and %baseline performance, stratified by surgery type (sternotomy or thoracotomy).

Results:
Significant OME reduction was observed in the ESP group (sternotomy: median decrease of 113 mg, 95% CI: 60–157.5 mg, p < 0.001; thoracotomy: 172.5 mg, 95% CI: 45–285 mg, p = 0.010). The ESP group also had a lower risk of daily maximum NRS ≥3 (adjusted OR sternotomy: 0.22, p < 0.001; thoracotomy: 0.07, p < 0.001), a higher incentive spirometry volumes (sternotomy: mean increase of 149 mL, p = 0.019; thoracotomy: 521 mL, p = 0.017), and enhanced spirometry %baseline (sternotomy: mean increase of 11.5%, p = 0.014; thoracotomy: 26.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Continuous ESP block was associated with a reduction of postoperative opioid requirements, lower instances of pain scores ≥3, and improve incentive spirometry performance following cardiac surgery. These benefits appear particularly prominent in thoracotomy patients. Further prospective studies with larger sample size are required to validate these findings.