bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose and 18‐kDa Translocator Protein for Presurgical Localization in Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Hu Jie , Qi Zhigang , Yao Chenyang , Cui Bixiao , Wang Jingjuan , Wang Zhenming , Lu Jie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeSurgery remains the only curative option for a third of refractory epilepsy patients, though success depends on precise localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). This study aims to assess the clinical value of hybrid 18F‐FDG and 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI for accurate localization and precise boundary delineation.MethodsThe refractory epilepsy patients who underwent surgery at Xuanwu Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively recruited. Preoperative simultaneous 18F‐FDG and 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI imaging were analyzed using the asymmetry index (AI) and a 4‐point visual score, with the surgical site and pathological findings serving as the gold standard.ResultsA total of 43 patients (mean age: 26.30 ± 8.37 years, male: 28) were included in this study. Lesion localization accuracy within the EZ was 76.7% for 18F‐FDG PET/MRI, 69.8% for 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI, and 60.5% for conventional MRI (p = 0.26). In 26 MRI‐positive cases, conventional MRI accurately localized all lesions within the EZ, with three cases showing negative findings on 18F‐FDG images and six on 18F‐DPA‐714. Among 17 MRI‐negative patients, thirteen demonstrated positive results on hybrid PET/MRI. Additionally, 18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI proved more effective in delineating lesion boundaries. Compared to 18F‐FDG, the AI score was significantly lower (0.25 ± 0.18 vs. 0.46 ± 0.19, p < 0.001), while the visual score was higher (4.00 ± 2.00 vs. 3.00 ± 0.00, p = 0.01).Conclusion18F‐DPA‐714 PET/MRI can effectively complement conventional MRI in the preoperative assessment of refractory epilepsy, with localization accuracy on par with 18F‐FDG and enhanced capability in delineating lesion boundaries.
Caloric Restriction Preserves BBB Integrity After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Through Reducing Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: Wang Chenran , Mao Leilei , He Miao , Zhang Jia , Huang Yichen , Zhang Yue , Xu Jing , Huang Shaoqiang , Gao Yanqin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsCaloric restriction is a health‐promoting lifestyle that has been reported to protect both white and gray matter in cases of ischemic stroke. This study will explore the underlying mechanism of restricted feeding (RF) and provide a theoretical basis for precise clinical treatment of stroke.MethodsIn this study, we pretreated C57BL/6J mice with 70% RF for a continuous 28‐day period prior to 60 min of transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). Histological staining, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and behavioral assessments were used to assess RF's neuroprotection following tFCI. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate brain inflammation post‐tFCI. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, tracers, and electric microscopy were used to assess the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Peripheral neutrophils were cleared by administrating an anti‐Ly6G antibody.ResultsInitially, DTI, NeuN staining, and a batch of behavioral tests verified that RF significantly mitigated both gray/white matter injury and neurological deficits in the short‐ and long‐term following tFCI. RF mice showed more anti‐inflammatory microglia in their brains, along with reduced inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Interestingly, RF significantly reduced the neutrophils and macrophage infiltration. Subsequently, we observed that RF mice exhibited better BBB integrity following tFCI, with reduced neutrophil infiltration and matrix metalloprotein‐9 release. Furthermore, the clearance of neutrophils with anti‐Ly6G antibody in ad libitum feeding mice (LF‐Ly6G) elicited comparable neuroprotective effects to those observed in RF, including improvements in neurological deficits, reductions in infarct volume, and mitigation of BBB damage.ConclusionsIn summary, our findings suggest that RF maintains the BBB integrity following ischemic stroke at least partially by reducing neutrophil infiltration, thereby alleviating both neurological and histological impairments.
The benefits of inclusive conservation for connectivity of lions across the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
Authors: Parsons Arielle W. , Sandström Camilla , Capper Sally , Faust Lisa , Kissui Bernard M. , Packer Craig , Jansson Ingela 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHuman impacts on the planet degrade natural habitats, often restricting wildlife to protected areas. If connectivity between such areas is lost, wildlife populations may lose genetic diversity, thereby increasing extinction risk. For large carnivores, connecting populations separated by human‐occupied habitats requires dedicated effort to foster human–wildlife coexistence. Using lion observation data from 1962 to 2023 and movement data from GPS collars, we evaluated how inclusive conservation actions (i.e., directly involving local communities) in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), Tanzania, are affecting the ability of lions to use and traverse human‐occupied habitats. Efforts to promote human–lion coexistence were positively associated with the number of lions moving across human‐occupied habitats and the ability of lions to settle in human‐occupied areas, suggesting that conservation activities are having the desired impact on connectivity. However, despite a reduction in negative human–lion interactions from 2016 to 2021, the number of retaliatory lion killings and livestock attacks both increased sharply during an extreme drought in 2022, before dropping again in 2023. Thus, although our results highlight the benefits of inclusive conservation for connectivity of large carnivore populations, recent events highlight continued challenges and the need for long‐term, nimble approaches to maintain balance where humans and large carnivores coexist.
A Retrospective Case Series of Decoronation and Root Submergence With Long‐Term Follow‐Up: Trend Analysis of Provisional Restoration Survival and Marginal Bone Development
Authors: Kaán Réka , Meschi Nastaran , Van Gorp Gertrude , Wyatt Jan , Sellami Rayann , Lahoud Pierre , Coucke Wim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDentoalveolar ankylosis posttrauma or external cervical resorption (ECR) post orthodontics might affect permanent teeth in growing individuals. Decoronation and root submergence attempt to minimize the impact of these sequelae. This is one of the few reports in which the survival of provisional restorations and preservation of the marginal bone post long‐term follow‐up of this treatment modality were evaluated for several cases.Materials and MethodsNine upper permanent incisors with ankylosis or ECR, treated using decoronation and root submergence were examined. The qualitative changes in the vertical dimension of the alveolar ridge were measured on periapical radiographs by means of a three‐point scoring system, and the time to moderate and considerable bone increase was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The quantitative changes in vertical bone dimension were measured on the periapical radiographs and the inter‐rater reliability was assessed. The survival of the temporary restoration post decoronation and the presence of root remnants were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 11 years at the time of trauma and 15.3 years when decoronated. The follow‐up period post decoronation was 1.5–8.5 years (mean 3.5 years). Post decoronation, quantitatively, 5 cases presented a slight bone increase (0.01–2 mm) and 4 unchanged or slightly decreased bone levels (0.2–1.3 mm). Qualitatively, 60% (95% CI; 15%–90%) of the female patients showed moderate bone increase and 40% (95% CI; 10%–70%) considerable, respectively, 1.7–8.3 and 2.5–8.3 years post decoronation. Age was inversely proportional with bone increase, independent of gender. At 1.5 years follow‐up, root remnants were present in all cases. The tooth shaped as a pontic failed the most as a temporary restoration.ConclusionDespite limitations, the following can be concluded: decoronation and root submergence of permanent incisors in growing individuals seem promising in terms of long‐term vertical alveolar ridge preservation. The restorative temporary replacement of decoronized teeth is challenging.
Mode II Semi‐Analytical Simplified Approach for Stress Field Distributions Around Notch Tip in Composite Materials
Authors: Esmaeili Adel , Safarabadi Majid 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel semi‐analytical formulation based on linear elastic fracture mechanics is developed to simplify the calculation of notch stress intensity factor (N‐SIF) in V‐notched composite materials under in‐plane shear displacement conditions. The proposed equation has been simplified by incorporating stress singularity order corresponding to the notch angle, mechanical properties, notch depth, and material anisotropy. Over 9000 numerical simulations were conducted, considering 8 different notch angles, 10 notch depths, and 88 composite materials for a wide range of material anisotropy. The simplified formula was then used to obtain the N‐SIF by fitting the large number of numerical models to evaluate the notch bisector shear stress field. A different set of composite materials was also used to verify the semi‐analytical formula. The error analysis demonstrated that the dimensionless N‐SIF determined by the proposed formula exhibits high accuracy for a wide range of composite materials.
Extension Study With rVIII‐SingleChain in Previously Untreated Patients (PUPs) With Severe Haemophilia A
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Fischer Kathelijn , Djambas Khayat Claudia , Carvalho Manuela , Karim Faraizah Abdul , Jobe Shawn , Lucas Samantha , Salazar Blanca , Suen Amy , Goldstein Brahm , Seifert Wilfried , Chung Thomas , Königs Christoph 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionClinical trials and real‐world evidence have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of rVIII‐SingleChain in previously treated patients with haemophilia A.AimTo investigate the safety and efficacy of rVIII‐SingleChain in previously untreated patients (PUPs).MethodsIn an open‐label, phase 3, extension study, PUPs with severe haemophilia A (FVIII <1%) received rVIII‐SingleChain prophylactically or on‐demand. The primary endpoints were incidence of high‐titre (HT) inhibitor formation to FVIII, treatment success for major bleeding episodes and annualised spontaneous bleeding rate (AsBR).ResultsTwenty‐four PUPs (median age 1 year [range 0–5]) were treated with rVIII‐SingleChain; median time on study was 35.0 months (range 2.4–54.0). Overall, six PUPs developed a HT inhibitor (>5 BU/mL) and six developed a low‐titre (LT) inhibitor (≤5 BU/mL). The median number of exposure days at inhibitor development was 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0–14.0). Of 11 inhibitor‐positive PUPs (five HT, six LT) who continued rVIII‐SingleChain therapy, nine (81.8%; three HT, six LT) achieved inhibitor eradication (<0.6 BU/mL). Median time to eradication was 14.3 weeks (IQR 9.8–53.8). Seventeen treatment‐emergent adverse events in 12 PUPs (50.0%) were related to rVIII‐SingleChain, mainly inhibitor development (14/17 events). Treatment was successful (haemostatic efficacy rated excellent or good) for 290/315 bleeding events (92.1%). During prophylactic therapy, inhibitor‐negative PUPs had a median (IQR) AsBR of 0.52 (0.00–4.99) and annualised bleeding rate of 1.98 (0.77–11.23).ConclusionRVIII‐SingleChain demonstrated a satisfactory benefit:risk profile in PUPs, with a high treatment success rate and a low AsBR during prophylaxis, and was effective at eradicating inhibitors.
Efficacy and Safety of Aspiration and Intra‐Articular Injection of Tranexamic Acid in Acute Knee Hemarthrosis of Adult Haemophilic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Kalantar Seyed Hadi , Razzaghof Mohammadreza , Noshadi Younes , Firoozabadi Mohammad Ayati , Toogeh Gholamreza , Zebardast Jeyran , Karimi Katayoon , Nejad Tabrizi Behzad , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionHemarthrosis, particularly in the knee, accounts for most bleeding episodes in haemophilia. While joint aspiration has proven effective, the role of intra‐articular (IA) tranexamic acid (TXA) in managing acute hemarthrosis remains unexplored.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of knee aspiration followed by IA TXA injection in acute haemophilic knee hemarthrosis.MethodsForty‐four adult haemophilia patients with acute knee hemarthrosis (< 24 h) were randomized to undergo joint aspiration with (TXA group) or without (non‐TXA group) IA TXA (1.5 g/15 mL) injection. Both groups received 75 mL injections, including 5 mL of 2% lidocaine and additional 0.9% saline. Ultrasound confirmed hemarthrosis, and standardized factor replacement was given pre‐procedure. Primary outcomes included knee range of motion (ROM) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsFinal analysis included 21 and 17 male patients in the TXA and non‐TXA groups, respectively. The TXA group showed a significantly greater knee ROM on days 3, 7, and 14 (p < 0.05), with no differences beyond Day 14. VAS pain scores were significantly lower in the TXA group at 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days post‐procedure (p < 0.05). TXA patients reported faster return to work (p = 0.004) and higher satisfaction (p = 0.01). Hemarthrosis recurrence was lower in the TXA group (5.9% vs. 14.3% at 6 weeks; 64.7% vs. 90.5% at 6 months), though differences were not statistically significant. No complications were observed.ConclusionJoint aspiration with IA TXA is safe and effective for short‐term ROM improvement and pain relief in acute haemophilic knee hemarthrosis.
Environmental stimuli‐responsive hydrogels in endodontics: Advances and perspectives
Authors: Liu He , Shen Ya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels are smart and functional materials that respond to various environmental stimuli, including temperature, light, magnetic field, pH, redox, enzymes and glucose. This responsiveness allows for the controlled release of therapeutic agents encapsulated within the hydrogels, enhancing treatment precision, improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects. Such hydrogels show great potential in root canal disinfection, management of dental pulp inflammation and pulp regeneration, making them promising candidates for more personalized and effective endodontic treatments. This article provides an overview of the latest advancements in the design and application of stimuli‐responsive hydrogels in endodontics, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize endodontic treatments. It also addresses current challenges and explores future directions in the field, aiming to inspire and motivate researchers to further engage in or intensify their efforts within this promising area of research.
Evaluation of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Mechanisms in Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Clot‐Fibrinolysis Waveform Analysis
Authors: Yoshioka Akiharu , Shimomura Daiki , Morita Mayuka , Kono Aya , Matsumoto Tomoko , Kondo Hirokazu , Shimada Masashi , Kamioka Mikio , Kumano Osamu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the detailed mechanisms of coagulation and fibrinolysis in DVT have not been adequately investigated. Recently, clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA) has been developed to assess coagulation and fibrinolysis reactions as one global assay. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of DVT using CFWA.MethodsDVT diagnosis and definition were conducted by the ultrasonography finding, and the numbers of patients of confirmed DVT and non‐DVT were 39 and 56, respectively. Activated partial thromboplastin time‐based CFWA was conducted, and the first‐derivative curves were analyzed. The curves were separated into two phases: coagulation and fibrinolysis, and the curve shapes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe shapes of first‐derivative curves in the coagulation phase for the DVT group were significantly different from those of the non‐DVT group, and the curves of the DVT group were sharper and narrower than those of the non‐DVT group. Both parameters indicating height and width in the DVT group were significantly lower than the non‐DVT group. However, no significant differences were observed in the fibrinolysis phase between two groups.ConclusionThe DVT group showed different first‐derivative curves in the coagulation phase compared to the non‐DVT group in the CFWA assay, suggesting that the DVT group had a higher coagulability status. CFWA could be a useful tool for identifying coagulability status in patients with DVT.
Examining correlations between the dissolution rates and optical basicity of modified aluminoborate glasses
Authors: Sly Jessica J. , Clark Nicholas L. , Mauro John C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMethods for determining the dissolution rate of glass networks vary based on the application, glass chemistry, and morphology. Research spanning many glass systems has resulted in a substantial amount of dissolution data, but inconsistencies limit the utility of the data collected. Furthermore, predicting the dissolution of any glass system remains a critical challenge for many industrial glass applications. This work compares the dissolution of five single modified (Na, K, Ca, Sr, and Ba) aluminoborate glasses to their optical basicity values to gain fundamental understanding of how the glass composition influences dissolution at 37°C in alkaline water. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to directly measure the binding energy of the oxygen in each glass to evaluate the underlying glass structure. Results showed that aluminoborate glasses synthesized with monovalent cations exhibit approximately an order of magnitude faster dissolution of the modifier ion compared to divalent cation glasses. Further grouping in the monovalent and divalent glasses is observed in the normalized dissolution rate of B and Al from the glass network. No correlation was observed between the normalized forward dissolution rate of boron, the primary network former, and the measured binding energy of the aluminoborate glasses. Furthermore, no defined trend was observed between the optical basicity and O1s binding energy in the modified aluminoborate glass compositions.
On the anisotropy of damage tolerance in bioinspired fiber composites with fish‐scale‐like structures
Authors: Tang Qian , Gao Kefeng , Zhang Nan , Wang Shaogang , Han Chengwei , Wang Qiang , Yan Zhuoqun , Zhang Dan , Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNatural fish scales have evolved intricate composite structures to achieve remarkable mechanical properties, offering valuable inspiration for the structural design of man‐made materials toward enhanced damage tolerance. In this study, bioinspired fiber composites featuring fish‐scale‐like orthogonal plywood and double‐Bouligand structures were fabricated via a facile approach, which involved layer‐by‐layer stacking woven fabrics of quartz fibers according to specific arrangements, followed by polymer phase infiltration and subsequent hot pressing. The resulting composites demonstrate specific orientation relationships of fibers between layers with a hierarchical fiber structure akin to natural fish scales. The mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and damage characteristics of the composites were investigated, unveiling an anisotropic nature of damage tolerance of these composites which is closely associated with the types of bioinspired structures and weaving patterns of fabrics. This study may offer insights for the bioinspired design of damage‐tolerant man‐made materials, while aiding the understanding of their structure–property relationships.
Electrostrain optimization of bismuth sodium titanate‐based ceramics by Sm doping
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Peng Ping , Lin Yongde , Nie Hengchang , Wang Genshui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLead‐free bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)‐based ceramics have attracted extensive attention due to their large electrostrain. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on achieving high strain, which is accompanied by significant strain hysteresis. Herein, a direct composition modification based on Sm3+ doping is adopted to reduce the polar nanoregions (PNRs) size, resulting in a relative high electrostrain of 0.37% and a significant reduced strain hysteresis of 36.3%. Furthermore, the Sm‐doped samples show good temperature stability, with the strain value changing by only 15% from 25 to 160°C. These results provide guidance for the development of ceramics with high strain performance.
Microwave dielectric properties of CaLnNbWO8 (Ln = La, Nd, and Sm) ceramics for dielectric resonator antenna application
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Wei Yaxin , Xian Yue , Li Kai , Dou Yingying , Chang Aimin , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractScheelite‐type microwave dielectric ceramics (MWDC) are of great appeal as they possess a low dielectric constant (εr) and a high quality factor (Q × f). In addition, the development of 5G communication has caused an urgent demand for electronic devices, such as dielectric resonant antennas. Hence, the feasibility of optimizing the dielectric properties of the CaWO4 ceramics by substituting rare earth ions at the A site was studied. The study revealed that the covalency, lattice energy and bonding energy of W─O were stronger than those of Ca─O, indicating that the W─O bonding significantly influences the adjustment of the dielectric properties of the investigated ceramics. An optimum microwave dielectric performance was achieved for CaNdNbWO8 (εr = 12.78, Q × f = 55,160 GHz, and TCF = 8.53 ppm/°C). This work lays a solid theoretical foundation for improving the microwave dielectric properties of CaWO4 samples. Notably, a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with high simulated radiation efficiency (96.6%) and gain (5.65 dBi) at the center frequency (7.25 GHz) was fabricated based on the CaNdNbWO8 ceramics. Considering the merits of low loss and good temperature stability, CaNdNbWO8 ceramics could be expected as promising candidate for 5G and future millimeter‐wave applications.