bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strangulated umbilical hernias in horses: 13 cases (1974-1985)
Authors: Markel Mark D. , Pascoe John R. , Sams Andrew E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 13 horses with strangulated umbilical hernias were reviewed. Typical history included increased swelling, warmth, and firmness of the hernial sac. Enterocutaneous fistulas had developed in 2 horses. Four horses had signs of abdominal pain.
Surgery was performed on all horses, and the hernia was reduced by an open reduction technique. Incarcerated tissue included omentum (1 horse), jejunum (5), ileum (4), cecum (1), and ventral colon (2).
All horses survived and were discharged from the hospital. Follow-up information on 9 horses (5 to 52 months after discharge) revealed no complications in 6 horses. Of the remaining 3 horses, one horse was euthanatized 5 months after discharge because of laminitis. One horse had persistent drainage from the skin incision requiring removal of nonabsorbable suture material 8 months after discharge. One foal required a second surgery because of signs of abdominal pain 17 days after the initial surgery. The foal was euthanatized during surgery because of severe peritonitis secondary to anastomotic leakage.
Enteric cryptosporidial infection in pigs: 184 cases (1981-1985)
Authors: Sanford S. Ernest 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Cryptosporidia organisms were detected histologically in the microvillus brush border of 5.3% (184/3,491) of consecutive live pigs submitted for routine diagnostic evaluation between 1981 and 1985. Infected pigs came from 133 farms and usually were 6 to 12 weeks old, but ranged from 1 to 30 weeks old. Organisms were found in the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon, but primarily in microvilli of dome epithelium in the ileum. A seasonal incidence was not observed. Only 26% of the cryptosporidia-infected pigs had diarrhea, and most of those had other primary diarrheagenic agents or lesions capable of causing their diarrhea.
The Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association antidote depot
Authors: Schneider Norman R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association provided financial assistance to establish an antidote depot system statewide at the 3 University of Nebraska veterinary diagnostic laboratories located in Lincoln, North Platte, and Mitchell. The depot system currently stocks atropine sulfate, methylene blue, activated charcoal, dimercaprol, and edta. Antidotes are available to all Nebraska veterinarians. Depot withdrawals are used for emergency treatment only and not for a convenient source of supply to replenish individual inventory. The depot system was designed to assist veterinary practitioners in treating toxicoses during catastrophic occurrences in which available inventories have been exhausted. Since time is of essence in most toxicoses, withdrawals from depot sites normally are made by veterinarians or their authorized representatives. There are no fees for using the depot system, but patrons are required to replace drugs at the specific storage site on an item-for-item basis, in like amount, and at current unit cost. Items are issued and replaced only as intact units.
Evaluation of microwave-thawed canine plasma for transfusion
Authors: Hurst T. S. , Turrentine M. A. , Johnson G. S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Units of fresh-frozen canine plasma were thawed rapidly in microwave oven, using a mean of 15.4 thawing periods of 10 seconds each. The activated partial thromboplastin times, the one-stage prothrombin times, concentrations of fibrinogen, factor-VIII coagulant activity, and von Willebrand factor antigen of microwave-thawed units were not significantly different from those measured in small aliquots of the same units thawed in a warm water bath (n = 5). Five dogs were given a unit of their own microwave-thawed plasma. During the 24 hours after infusion, no significant changes were measured in temperature, heart rate, or respiration rate. In addition, significant changes in pcv, total protein concentrations, estimates of platelet numbers, total rbc counts, total wbc counts, and differential wbc counts were not measured in blood specimens obtained before infusion and 24 hours after the infusion of microwave-thawed plasma.
Antibodies in calves on feed supplemented with chlortetracycline after vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19
Authors: Nicoletti Paul , Mason Robert M. , Tehrani Joy 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twenty dairy heifers each consumed 350 mg of chlortetracycline/day in their feed. Four tests were performed on serum specimens from these and 20 control calves after vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19. The numbers of positive test results on the card test and mean titers on the tube and rivanol agglutination and complement-fixation tests were compared in the 2 groups.
Using the rivanol and complement-fixation tests, there were differences in the mean titers at weeks 5 and 6 after vaccination, but by week 10, differences were not found.
The results suggest that addition of low concentration of chlortetracycline in feeds have minimal effects on postvaccinal serologic reactions determined after strain-19 inoculation.
Economics of Brucella ovis control in sheep: Computerized decision-tree analysis
Authors: Carpenter Tim E. , Berry Steven L. , Glenn John S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The epidemiology and economics of Brucella ovis control in a hypothetical, commercial sheep flock (100 rams and 2,500 ewes) were investigated. The investigation consisted of an epidemiologic simulation model, reported in a companion paper, and a decision-tree analysis, reported here. It was predicted from the simulation model that B ovis could be eradicated successfully in 2 test periods (less than 1 year) from a flock by using intensive screening and culling.
A computerized decision-tree program was used to determine the economically optimal control strategy among several alternatives. Two versions of the program were used to determine the optimal alternative, based on minimizing the expected monetary loss (deterministic) and minimizing the associated risk (stochastic).
The economically optimal alternative was to screen the rams by means of palpation, semen testing, and elisa prior to the mating season. Rams positive to any test were culled. After the mating season was completed, the optimal action was to use elisa for the remaining rams and to cull all that were elisa positive. The cost of this alternative was approximately $6,150, or less than one half the annual cost of a vaccination program ($ 12,800) or no program ($13,550). Continuing palpation and semen testing were considered worthwhile on the basis of detecting new cases of B ovis infection and in maintaining high flock fertility. Similarly, the cost of annual use of elisa was small (approximately $100), compared with the potential cost of not detecting a new case of B ovis infection.
Arterial blood gas tensions in the horse during recovery from anesthesia
Authors: Mason Diane E. , Muir William W. , Wade Annette 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effects of body position and postoperative oxygen supplementation on arterial blood gas tensions ) and pH were examined in clinically normal adult horses during recovery from halothane anesthesia. Hypoxemia developed during recovery from anesthesia in spite of adequate alveolar ventilation in horses without postanesthetic oxygen supplementation. Hypoxemia developed in horses positioned in left lateral or right lateral recumbency, and in horses that were rolled to the opposite side during the recovery period. Arterial blood gas tensions were not significantly (P<0.05) different between horses insufflated with 100% oxygen at the rate of 10 L/min during recovery and horses that did not receive oxygen supplementation during the recovery period. Horses that received 100% oxygen at the rate of 50 L/min through a demand valve had arterial blood gas tensions similar to those in standing awake horses.
Use of acupuncture for the treatment of chronic back pain in horses: Stimulation of acupuncture points with saline solution injections
Authors: Martin Benson B. , Klide Alan M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifteen horses that could not train or perform their sport at an acceptable level because of chronic back pain of 2 to 24 months' duration, and that did not obtain lasting improvement from other previous treatments, were treated with acupuncture. The treatments consisted of injection of 1 ml of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, with no preservatives, at 9 acupuncture points. The horses were treated once a week for a mean of 9 treatments. The mean number of treatments before obvious improvement was 4. After treatment, 13 of the 15 horses had apparent alleviation of their signs of pain and could train and compete. Six to 12 months after their last treatment, 2 horses had been removed from competition; one had sustained a fracture and the other had died. The remaining 11 of the original 13 that competed after treatment were still competing.
Evaluation of ivermectin paste in the treatment of ponies for Parascaris equorum infections
Authors: DiPietro J. A. , Lock T. F. , Todd K. S. , Reuter V. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twenty ponies less than 18 months of age and infected with Parascaris equorum were treated with either 0.2 mg of ivermectin/kg of body weight (n = 10) or a placebo (n = 10; controls). Five control and 5 ivermectin-treated ponies were euthanatized 14 and 35 days after treatment, respectively. At necropsy, the small intestinal contents, lungs, and liver were examined for larvae and/or adult P equorum. Significantly (P<0.02) higher mean total numbers of P equorum were found in the small intestinal contents of the controls on day 14 (51) and on day 35 (21) than in the ivermectin-treated ponies on days 14 (0) and 35 (3). The efficacy of ivermectin in removing adult and intestinal larvae of P equorum at 14 days after treatment was 100%. The efficacies of ivermectin in removing adults and intestinal larvae of P equorum at 35 days after treatment were 100% and 76.9%, respectively. Gross examination of liver and lung tissues revealed damage as a result of P equorum infections in all ponies. The Baermann technique used on liver and lung tissues did not yield any P equorum larvae. Adverse reactions attributable to treatment were not observed.
Pelvic fractures in horses: 19 cases (1974–1984)
Authors: Little C. , Hilbert B. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The clinical features of 19 horses with pelvic fractures were reviewed. The most common problem was a grade III or IV unilateral hind limb lameness. The prevalence of fractures was greater in females and horses less than 4 years old. All horses were treated with a combination of analgesic administration and stall rest for 2 to 6 months. Seven of 11 horses (64%) available for long-term follow-up evaluation recovered and 4 of 11 (36%) had no lameness when being ridden. Five of seven (71%) horses with fractures that involved the acetabulum recovered, and 4 (57%) had complete resolution of lameness. No correlation was found between the long-term outcome of the horses and the bone fractured, age of horse, or duration of injury before admission.
Ocular lesions associated with coccidioidomycosis in dogs: 35 cases (1980–1985)
Authors: Angell Jann A. , Merideth Reuben E. , Shively James N. , Sigler Ron L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirty-five dogs with ocular lesions associated with coccidioidomycosis were examined. Serologic and/or histologic evaluation confirmed the diagnoses of coccidioidomycosis. The disease most frequently associated with signs referable to the anterior segment of the eye, such as iritis and granulomatous uveitis. Histologic evaluation of the eye revealed a primary posterior segment disease, such as chorioretinitis or retinal separation, with an extension into the anterior segment of the eye.
Nine-month evaluation of dogs after open-heart surgical removal of heartworms
Authors: Shiang Howard , Jurado Roy , Liu Si Kwang , Chen Virginia , Calem Jaclyn , Litwak Robert S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Adult heartworms were surgically removed from 4 infected dogs by use of intracardiac techniques during cardiopulmonary bypass. The number of worms removed ranged from 12 to 14 per dog. Observation for 9 months after surgery gave no clinical evidence of active adult heartworm infection, in spite of the consistent finding of circulating microfilariae during the follow-up period. There were no significant early or late postoperative complications. Results of postoperative hematologic and biochemical studies were unremarkable. At necropsy (following euthanasia, 9 months after surgery) the heart and pulmonary arteries of all dogs were free of adult heartworms; pathologic changes attributable to residual infection were not found.
Cutaneous mast cell neoplasia in cats: 14 cases (1975-1985)
Authors: Buerger Robert G. , Scott Danny W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Cutaneous mast cell neoplasia was diagnosed in 14 cats from January 1975 to September 1985. Review of the available medical records and client communication provided information on tumor description, location, and recurrence, and each cat's current status. Twenty-three cutaneous mast cell neoplasms were surgically excised, examined, and graded histologically. In this study, feline cutaneous mast cell tumors did not metastasize to lymph nodes or viscera, did not recur at a previous excision site, and did not cause or contribute to the death of any cat. A histologic grading system described for canine mast cell tumors apparently provided no prognostic information for the cats in this study. There was a predilection for older male cats to develop cutaneous mast cell tumors, especially on the head and neck.
Phacofragmentation and aspiration for cataract extraction in dogs: 56 cases (1980–1984)
Authors: Miller Thomas R. , Whitley R. David , Meek Lisa A. , Garcia G. Adolfo , Wilson Martha C. , Rawls Benjamin H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifty-six cases of cataract removal in dogs by phacofragmentation and aspiration were reviewed. Improvement of vision was detected in the immediate postoperative period in 53 (94.6%) of 56 dogs. Vision was present in 25 (85.2%) of 29 dogs evaluated at 2 years after surgery, and in 5 (71.4%) of 7 dogs evaluated 4 years after surgery. Reasons for failure of visual improvement and complications in visual eyes were related primarily to development of postoperative anterior uveitis. Age of the dog at surgery was not a significant factor in the restoration of vision.
Nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis in dogs: 19 cases (1973-1985)
Authors: Paulsen Michael E. , Lavach J. D. , Snyder Stanley P. , Severin Glenn A. , Eichenbaum Jesse D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We examined the age and breed prevalence and the response to treatment of 19 dogs with nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis. Biopsy specimens were evaluated to determine the histologic characteristics of the lesions. In these dogs, this disorder was an idiopathic, bilateral disease characterized histologically by the presence of chronic granulomatous inflammation and reticulin fiber formation. The onset of clinical signs developed predominantly in young to middle-aged Collies, with a slow progression and benign clinical course. With treatment, the condition rarely threatened vision and was controlled easily with azathioprine (2 mg/kg) and/or corticosteroid. The dose of immunosuppressive drug was tapered to allow for minimal systemic effects and continued remission of clinical signs. The response to treatment was highly variable.
Primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs: 21 cases (1976–1986)
Authors: Berger Bruce , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Case records from 21 dogs with hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism were evaluated. The dogs were ≥ 7 years old, and 6 were Keeshonds. The most common clinical signs were polydipsia/polyuria, listlessness, and muscle weakness. The serum calcium concentrations were 12.1 to 19.6 mg/dl. Serum phosphorus concentrations were low in 5 dogs, within the reference range in 13 dogs, and high in 3 dogs that also had high concentrations of bun. Twenty dogs had a parathyroid adenoma, and 1 had a parathyroid carcinoma. Nineteen dogs had their parathyroid tumor surgically removed. Within 5 days of tumor removal, 11 of the 19 dogs became hypocalcemic and the remaining 8, normocalcemic. Nine of the 11 hypocalcemic dogs developed clinical signs. Iatrogenic hypercalcemia was induced in 7 of 16 dogs treated orally with calcium carbonate plus vitamin D. Only 1 of 19 dogs that had their parathyroid tumor excised died in hypocalcemic tetany. Two additional dogs died within 2 weeks of surgery, one because of pancreatitis, the other due to renal failure. Eight dogs died 9 to 37 months after surgery of unrelated problems. Eight dogs were alive for at least 7 to 28 months after surgery.
Clinical and endocrine responses to embryonic and fetal death induced by manual rupture of the amniotic vesicle during early pregnancy in cows
Authors: Kassam A. , BonDurant R. H. , Basu S. , Kindahl H. , Stabenfeldt G. H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pregnancy was terminated in 4 cows by manual rupture of the amniotic vesicle on day 41 (n = 1) and day 46 (n = 3) after insemination. Each cow was necropsied 36 days after vesicle rupture, by which time only one cow had come into estrus. Luteal activity, monitored daily by plasma progesterone assay, was still evident in 2 cows 35 days after fetal death; in the remaining 2 cows, regression of the corpus luteum (cl) was achieved at 28 and 32 days, respectively. Uterine release of prostaglandin F2α (pgf2α), measured as the 15-keto metabolite (pgfm) pfg2α, was monitored by a plasma sampling schedule; specimens were obtained every 4 hours. There were no appreciable releases of pgf2α associated with fetal death. The first appreciable pgf2α release in episodic form was seen only in conjunction with cl regression. In all cows, a palpable membrane slip was evident for 18 days after rupture of the amniotic vesicle, although at that time, uterine resilience was diminished in the 2 cows in which the cl subsequently regressed. After 18 days, the uterus was noticeably edematous and fluid-filled in all cows; in 1 of the cows with a regressed cl, the uterus had returned to prepregnancy size and tone by day 33. The 2 cows with intact cl at necropsy had varying amounts of flocculent material in the uterine lumen, but the 2 cows with regressed cl had none.
Cutaneous vasculitis in horses: 19 cases (1978-1985)
Authors: Morris Debra Deem 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 19 horses with cutaneous vasculitis were reviewed. Most (73.7%) affected horses were between 3 and 10 years old, and there were significantly more mares (14) than stallions or geldings (5) (P<0.01). Subcutaneous edema of the limbs, body, and/or head was the predominant clinical sign (18/19 horses; 94.7%). The single most prevalent laboratory abnormality was neutrophilia (>7,000 neutrophils/μl), which was detected in 10 horses (52.6%). Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was evident in skin biopsy specimens from 12 of 14 horses (85.7%). All horses were treated with corticosteroids and supportive care, and the overall survival rate was 63.1% (12/19). The mean duration of treatment with corticosteroids in surviving horses was 14 (± 5.3) days. Of the 7 horses that died, 5 failed to respond to treatment (4 were euthanatized, 1 died), and 2 others had persistent debilitating sequelae (euthanatized). The only significant clinical or laboratory abnormality predictive of poor prognosis was fever (odds ratio, 17.81; P<0.05). Seven horses had history of, or were exposed to horses with, abscessed peripheral lymph nodes and likely were suffering from equine purpura hemorrhagica. In spite of histopathologic evidence of hypersensitivity-vasculitis and/or the clinical suspicion that the cause for vasculitis was immune mediated, 7 of 19 horses (36.8%) had no history of bacterial or viral infection nor a history of current drug administration.
Comparison of treatments for ovine foot rot
Authors: Bagley Clell V. , Healey Mark C. , Hurst Rex L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sheep affected with foot rot were treated by vaccination and/or hour-long footsoaks, without hoof paring. The response to each treatment was obvious, but the cure rate was not satisfactory for eradication efforts. Booster vaccination and hoof paring combined with medication applied topically greatly improved the response to treatment. There was little difference in response to footsoaking or footbathing when hooves were pared.
Potassium depletion in cats: Renal and dietary influences
Authors: Dow Steven W. , Fettman Martin J. , LeCouteur Richard A. , Hamar Dwayne W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Excessive urinary potassium loss was diagnosed in 7 cats with persistent hypokalemia and high serum creatinine concentrations. Renal tubular acidosis (proximal or distal) was not evident in the affected cats. Plasma aldosterone concentrations and plasma renin activities in affected cats were not significantly different from control values. Potassium depletion and hypokalemia were attributed to the combined effects of decreased dietary potassium intake and excessive urinary potassium losses. It was concluded that increased urinary potassium excretion may represent a basic response to renal dysfunction in cats. Data suggested that dietary potassium supplementation improved renal function in most cats in this study.
Gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity in naturally acquired and experimentally induced disease in dogs
Authors: Frazier Donita L. , Aucoin David P. , Riviere J. Edmond 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pharmacokinetic disposition of gentamicin was studied in 69 dogs—12 control and 33 subtotally nephrectomized dogs representing combined data from previous experimental studies, and 24 dogs with a variety of diseases and degrees of renal dysfunction. Drug disposition varied considerably within and between diseases, and dosages had to be altered to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations and to minimize drug toxicosis. Decreased drug clearance when serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations are normal may be indicative of subclinical renal disease and therefore may indicate a predisposition for development of nephrotoxicosis.
Results of the study indicated the need to individualize aminoglycoside dosage regimens on the basis of pharmacokinetic disposition of drug, especially in dogs with preexisting subclinical renal dysfunction. Because of the large variability normally encountered in dogs with various diseases, monitoring of renal function alone is not sufficient to accurately predict gentamicin clearance, volume of distribution, or half-life.