bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syndromic approach to sexually transmitted infections in Tunisian women: bacteriological validation
Authors: Zribi M , Mansour K Ben , Abid F , Masmoudi A , Fendri C 
Published: March 2008

Summary The World Health Organization emphasizes an integrated primary care approach using syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections. The objective of our study was to evaluate the quality of care of the syndromic management of sexually transmitted disease in women in Rabta hospital in Tunisia. Algorithms have been developed for: cervicitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia (algorithm 3a), vaginitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis or Chlamydia trachomatis (algorithm 3b) and vaginitis due to Candida (algorithm 3c). A total of 116 women were enrolled in the study during February 2003 to April 2004. The prevalence of each bacterium was Chlamydia (10%), N. gonorrhoeae (1%), Treponema pallidum (1%), T. vaginalis (5%) and Candida (21%). Algorithm ‘3a’ had a sensitivity of 45%, a specificity of 42% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 11.9%. Algorithm ‘3b’ had a sensitivity of 35.7%, a specificity of 68.9% and PPV of 20.8%. Algorithm ‘3c’ had a sensitivityof 12%, a specificity of 88% and PPV of 33.3%. To improve the sensitivity of the syndromic approach, we suggest improving the quality of history taking.
Hepatitis B testing and vaccination in patients recently diagnosed with HIV infection
Authors: Steedman N M , McMillan A 
Published: March 2008

Summary The British HIV Association currently recommends vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all susceptible HIV-infected individuals, therefore a retrospective analysis was performed on case notes from all patients diagnosed with HIV infection in our department for a one-year period from 1st August 2005; in each case HBV serological testing and vaccination status were recorded. Fifty-one patients were diagnosed with HIV infection during the study period, however, serological testing for HBV infection had been undertaken in only 76% of susceptible patients by 12 months following their HIV diagnosis. At the time of analysis only 31% of patients were adequately vaccinated against HBV, with recorded HBV surface antibody titres of >100 IU/L. HBV remains a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals and this study suggests that prevention or detection of HBV infection requires increased vigilance on the part of physicians managing HIV-positive patients.
A retrospective audit of the management and complications of pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: Evans Derek T P , Jaleel Henna , Kinsella Matthew T , Aggarwal Ved 
Published: March 2008

Summary Our objective was to examine the management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in Southend Hospital against the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV guidelines. In addition, we reviewed the Genito-Urinary (GU) Medicine and Gynaecology notes for patients who failed treatment for PID in GU medicine. This was to reveal their complications and subsequent management. Thirty of 249 patients diagnosed with PID failed treatment. Chlamydia was found in 30% of these patients, gonorrhoea in 10%, with the rest being categorized into presumed anaerobic/other aetiology. Appropriate antibiotic regimens were used in 96.6% of patients and the 66.7% of contacts who were traced and treated. Eighteen of the 30 patients had a laparoscopy. Findings were: confirmed PID in 5.6%; endometriosis in 27.8%, adhesions with no evidence of PID in 27.8%; and 38% had no abnormalities found. Laparoscopy has an important role in excluding other pathology in patients who have failed to respond to appropriate conservative management.
Vitamin D intoxication: a cause of hypocalcaemia and acute renal failure in a HIV patient
Authors: Tuon F F , Nihei C H , Gryschek R C , Seguro A C 
Published: March 2008

Summary Hypercalcaemia in patients with HIV infection is usually associated with specific conditions such as lymphoma and granulomatous diseases. We described a case of severe hypercalcaemia consequent to vitamin D intoxication and secondary renal failure in a HIV patient under tenofovir using. Serum creatinine and calcium returned to near normal levels after vitamin D discontinuation, saline and furosemide administration. Some aspects of the drug-induced nephropathy are discussed.
Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with leprosy: two cases
Authors: Deps Patricia D , Gripp Carolina G , Madureira Brunela P R , Lucas Elton A 
Published: March 2008

Summary Few cases of leprosy as immune reconstitution syndrome have been reported in patients with HIV/AIDS. Two cases of leprosy as immune reconstitution syndrome in AIDS persons are described, and clinical features, diagnostic criteria and pathogenesis are discussed.
Lymphogranuloma venereum in the UK in 2003
Authors: Greene Linda , Rubinstein Luciana , Gaffney Justin , Rebec Monica , Alexander Sarah , Ison Catherine 
Published: March 2008

Summary Lymphogranuloma venereum in the United Kingdom was detected in 2004, following the introduction of enhanced surveillance. This report describes a previously undiagnosed case, detected retrospectively in a sample obtained in 2003 from a male patient with high-risk behaviour, indicating that this previously rare disease in Europe, was present in the UK in 2003.
Norms-Based Intellectual Property Systems: The Case of French Chefs
Authors: Fauchart Emmanuelle , von Hippel Eric 
Published: March 2008

In this paper we propose that norms-based intellectual property (IP) systems exist today and are an important complement to or substitute for law-based IP systems. Norms-based IP systems, as we define them, operate entirely on the basis of implicit social norms that are held in common by members of a given community. Within that community, they offer functionality similar to contemporary law-based IP systems with respect to both the nature of rights protected and the effectiveness of the protection provided. We document the existence of a norms-based IP system among a sample of accomplished French chefs. These chefs consider recipes they develop to be a very valuable form of IP. At the same time, recipes are not a form of innovation that is effectively covered by law-based IP systems. Via grounded research, we identify three strong implicit social norms related to the protection of recipe IP. Via quantitative research, we find that accomplished chefs enforce these norms and apply them in ways that enhance their private economic returns from their recipe-related IP. In our discussion, we compare the attributes of norms-based and law-based IP systems, arguing that each has different advantages and drawbacks. We also point out that the existence of norms-based IP systems means that many information commons may prove to be criss-crossed by norms-based fences, with community access controlled by community IP owners.
Comparison of Different Methods of Assessing Alveolar Ridge Dimensions Prior to Dental Implant Placement
Authors: Chen Lung‐Cheng , Lundgren Tord , Hallström Hadar , Cherel Fabrice 
Published: March 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to compare ridge‐mapping measurement before surgical flap reflection and measurement using images from cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) to direct caliper measurement following surgical exposure of the bone.Methods: Sixteen subjects with 25 sites for planned implant placement or ridge augmentation were recruited. An acrylic stent was fabricated for each subject. The stent provided three buccal/lingual pairs of consistent measurement points for each implant site located 4, 7, and 10 mm from the summit of the alveolar soft tissue. Two independent examiners participated.Results: Comparisons of bucco‐lingual ridge width using ridge‐mapping versus direct caliper measurements showed that 94% and 89% of the pairs of measurement deviations were within ± 1 mm for examiners 1 and 2, respectively. The corresponding comparison of CBCT images versus direct caliper measurements showed 70% and 55% agreement for examiners 1 and 2, respectively. CBCT image measurements provided lower levels of agreement than ridge‐mapping measurements because of the more frequent and larger magnitudes of deviations compared to direct caliper measurements.Conclusions: Most often, ridge mapping provides measurements of the bucco‐lingual ridge width consistent with those obtained by direct caliper measurement following surgical exposure of the bone. As applied in this study, CBCT was less consistent compared to direct caliper measurements and did not provide any additional, significant diagnostic information.
Immediate Placement and Loading of Dental Implants: A Human Histologic Case Report
Authors: Guida Luigi , Iezzi Giovanna , Annunziata Marco , Salierno Antonio , Iuorio Giovanni , Costigliola Giorgio , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: March 2008

Background: The possibility of immediately loading postextraction implants was proposed recently. However, histologic evidence of osteointegration in such cases is still lacking. In this case report, two implants placed into fresh extraction sites, one immediately loaded and the other one unloaded, were compared clinically and histologically.Methods: Two teeth in need of extraction and localized in two symmetric quadrants of one patient were extracted, and dental implants were placed immediately into fresh extraction sites. One of them was connected with a healing abutment (control), whereas the other one was loaded immediately (test) with a resin crown in occlusion with the antagonist teeth. Clinical examinations were made, and radiographs were taken at follow‐up visits. After 6 months, control and test implants were removed, together with the peri‐implant bone, and a histomorphometric analysis was made.Results: Both implants appeared radiographically osseointegrated and clinically stable at retrieval. Mineralized tissue was found at the implant interface. The percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact in the control and test implants was 58% ± 4.0% and 52% ± 3.2%, respectively. In the loaded implant, a more compact, mature, well‐organized peri‐implant bone was found with many areas of remodeling and some osteons, whereas the bone tissue surrounding the unloaded implant was constituted of only thin bone trabeculae.Conclusions: Immediate loading did not seem to impair osseointegration of an immediate postextraction implant compared to an unloaded postextraction one. Further studies with a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Local Expression of Interleukin‐10 and mCD14 in Relation to the −1087 IL‐10 and −159 CD14 Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Donati Mauro , Liljenberg Birgitta , Padyukov Leonid , Berglundh Tord 
Published: March 2008

Background: Associations between different gene polymorphisms and severe chronic periodontitis have been demonstrated. However, the influence of such genetic variations on the production of related proteins needs to be clarified. The aim of the present investigation was to study the local expression of interleukin (IL)‐10 and membrane‐bound CD14 (mCD14) in relation to the −1087 IL‐10 and −159 CD14 gene polymorphisms in subjects with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Fifty‐three white subjects with generalized and severe chronic periodontitis volunteered. Twenty milliliters of blood was collected by venipuncture from each subject. DNA was isolated, and genotype analysis of the −1087 IL‐10 and −159 CD14 gene polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease mapping techniques. A gingival biopsy from one randomly selected diseased proximal site was also obtained from each subject. The biopsies were embedded, snap frozen, and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. The inflammatory lesion was identified in the sections, and the proportions of IL‐10+ and CD14+ cells were determined.Results: The proportion of IL‐10+ cells in the peripheral area of the periodontitis lesions was significantly larger in subjects with the −1087 IL‐10 GG genotype than in subjects with the AG or AA genotype. However, the local expression of the mCD14 receptor did not vary between subjects with different −159 CD14 genotypes.Conclusions: It is suggested that IL‐10 expression in chronic periodontitis lesions is associated with a distinct genotype. The observation adds to our understanding of interactions between genetic and environmental factors in the development of human diseases.
Thickness of Posterior Palatal Masticatory Mucosa: The Use of Computerized Tomography
Authors: Song Ji‐Eun , Um Yoo‐Jung , Kim Chang‐Sung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: March 2008

Background: Periodontal plastic surgery is used to fulfill the esthetic and functional demands of patients. The palatal masticatory mucosa is the main donor site for connective tissue, and the thickness of the graft tissue obtained is an important factor for the success of this technique. The aim of this study was to measure the thickness of masticatory mucosa in the posterior palatal area using computerized tomography (CT).Methods: The thickness measurements were performed on the images of 100 adult subjects who underwent CT on the maxilla for implant surgery. Twenty‐four standard measurement points were defined in the hard palate according to the gingival margin and the middle palatal suture. The radiographic measurements were used after calibration. The data were analyzed to determine the differences in the mucosal thickness according to gender, age, tooth position, and depth of the palatal vault.Results: The overall mean thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa was 3.83 ± 0.58 mm (range: 2.29 to 6.25 mm). Females had significantly thinner mean masticatory mucosa (3.66 ± 0.52 mm) than males (3.95 ± 0.60 mm) (P <0.0001). The thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa increased with age. The mean thickness according to tooth site was 3.46 mm (maxillary canine), 3.66 mm (first premolar), 3.81 mm (second premolar), 3.13 mm (first molar), 3.31 mm (the base of the interproximal papilla of the first and second molars), and 3.39 mm (second molar). There was an overall increase in the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa as the distance from the gingival margin to the middle palatine suture increased, with the exception of the Ca‐d (a point at 12 mm from the gingival margin of the canine) region. There was no significant difference in the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa between the groups with high or low palatal vaults.Conclusions: The palatal masticatory mucosa thickness increased from the canine to premolar region but decreased at the first molar region and increased again in the second molar region, with the thinnest area at the first molar region and the thickest at the second premolar region. The canine to premolar region seems to be the most appropriate donor site that contains a uniformly thick mucosa. CT can be considered an alternative method for the measurement of palatal soft tissue thickness.
Blood Cell Gene Expression Profiling in Subjects With Aggressive Periodontitis and Chronic Arthritis
Authors: Sørensen Lars K. , Havemose‐Poulsen Anne , Sønder Søren U. , Bendtzen Klaus , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: March 2008

Background: Microarray analysis of local and peripheral cells in subjects with immune‐inflammatory diseases may identify candidate genes associated with these diseases. The present study identified differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects with untreated localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Differentially expressed genes were validated in groups of subjects with LAgP, GAgP, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls.Methods: Candidate genes were identified by gene expression profiling of PBMCs using a microarray system in untreated gender‐matched subjects with LAgP (N = 2) or GAgP (N = 3) and controls (N = 2) younger than 35 years of age. The microarray results were validated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using PBMCs from 103 individuals, including groups of subjects with LAgP (N = 18), GAgP (N = 27), JIA (N = 10), or RA (N = 23) and controls (N = 25).Results: Of 53 differentially expressed candidate genes identified in subjects with LAgP, 14 were involved in immune responses and inflammatory processes. Of these, the RT‐PCR validation confirmed that Toll‐like receptor 2 gene (TLR2) and myomesin 2 gene had a significantly higher expression in subjects with LAgP than in controls. RT‐PCR also showed increased expression of TLR2 in subjects with RA. Comparison of subjects with GAgP to controls using microarray analysis identified only three upregulated genes.Conclusion: Several genes upregulated in subjects with LAgP were related to immune responses including TLR2 and myomesin 2.
A Novel Approach to Minimizing Gingival Recession in the Treatment of Vertical Bony Defects
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , De Sanctis Massimo 
Published: March 2008

Background: In ideal conditions, the gain in clinical attachment following regenerative therapy of infrabony defects should be equal to probing depth reduction; thus, gingival recession should not increase as a consequence of the treatment procedures. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical technique for the treatment of intrabony defects aimed at minimizing gingival recession and increasing the potential for clinical periodontal regeneration.Methods: Fifteen deep intrabony defects were treated with cause‐related therapy aimed at eliminating bleeding on probing in the surgical area with minimal mechanical trauma to the root and the soft tissues. Four weeks later, a surgical technique combining the simplified papilla preservation approach at the level of the defect and the coronally advanced buccal flap at the adjacent teeth was performed. Enamel matrix protein was used in the intrabony defect. Soft tissue measurements were made before cause‐related therapy, before and after surgery, and at the 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up visits. The clinical reevaluation was made 1 year after the surgery.Results: No changes in the position of the buccal and interproximal soft tissues next to the defect area were observed before and after cause‐related therapy or when comparing the baseline (before surgery) and 1‐year follow‐up visits. The clinical attachment gain (5.9 ± 1.4 mm), probing depth reduction (6.0 ± 0.8 mm), and radiographic bone level gain (5.0 ± 0.5 mm) were statistically and clinically significant, whereas no statistically significant increase in gingival recession (0.1 ± 1.0 mm) was noted during the observation period.Conclusions: It is possible to avoid statistically and clinically significant changes in the position of the soft tissues when treating vertical bony defects. This can be accomplished by minimizing soft tissue trauma during cause‐related therapy and by advancing the buccal flap coronally during the surgery.
Osteogenic and Adipogenic Induction Potential of Human Periodontal Cells
Authors: Zhou Yefang , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Sae‐Lim Varawan , Zhou Zhihong , Woodruff Maria , Lim Tit Meng 
Published: March 2008

Background: Human periodontium contains different cell types that have various potential roles in hard and soft tissue regeneration. However, there is limited knowledge about how these diverse cell populations contribute to the regenerative process. In this study, we investigated the surface marker difference between different periodontal cells (alveolar osteoblasts [AOs], periodontal ligament fibroblasts [PDLFs], and gingival fibroblasts [GFs]) and their differentiation potential toward osteogenic and adipogenic phenotypes.Methods: Periodontal cells (AOs, PDLFs, and GFs) from 14 subjects were isolated. The surface antigen expression pattern of cells was analyzed by cell flow cytometry, and the molecular and histologic characterizations under osteogenic and adipogenic inductions were monitored by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunocytohistology.Results: The cell phenotypes of AOs were verified by the high expressions of CD29 and CD49a, whereas PDLFs showed distinctively low levels of CD63 and CD73. Under adipogenic induction, limited AOs formed cube‐shaped adipose‐like cells, whereas PDLFs formed spindle‐shaped adipose‐like cells. All three cell types expressed baseline osteo‐related genes. AOs demonstrated the highest osteogenic ability followed by PDLFs and GFs.Conclusions: Cells in alveolar bone and periodontal ligament contain osteogenic and adipogenic progenitors. These observations indicate a possible application for periodontium cells in hard or soft tissue regeneration.
Clinical Evaluation of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Paste in the Treatment of Human Periodontal Bony Defects – A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: 6‐Month Results
Authors: Kasaj Adrian , Röhrig Bernd , Zafiropoulos Gregory‐George , Willershausen Brita 
Published: March 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of intrabony periodontal defects following treatment with a novel nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) paste to open flap debridement.Methods: Twenty‐eight subjects, each displaying one intrabony defect with probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm and radiographic evidence of an intraosseous component ≥3 mm participated in the present study. Subjects were allocated randomly to treatment with NHA paste (test group) or open flap debridement (control group). At baseline and at 6 months after surgery, the following clinical parameters were recorded by a masked examiner: plaque index, gingival index, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession.Results: A significant improvement in PD and CAL was observed at 6 months after surgery compared to baseline in both treatment groups (P <0.001). At 6 months following therapy, the test group showed a reduction in mean PD from 7.4 ± 1.3 mm to 3.4 ± 1.2 mm and a change in mean CAL from 8.0 ± 1.3 mm to 4.4 ± 1.7 mm, whereas in the control group the mean PD decreased from 7.4 ± 0.8 mm to 4.9 ± 0.9 mm, and mean CAL decreased from 8.1 ± 1.2 mm to 6.4 ± 1.3 mm. The intergroup comparison demonstrated significantly more PD reductions (P = 0.012) and CAL gains (P = 0.005) in the test group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with NHA paste significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to open flap debridement.
Classification of Extraction Sockets Based Upon Soft and Hard Tissue Components
Authors: Juodzbalys Gintaras , Sakavicius Dalius , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to present and validate a new classification system for the maxillary anterior extraction socket based upon soft and hard tissue parameters.Methods: Twenty‐five maxillary anterior teeth from 25 subjects (15 men and 10 women; aged 18 to 51 years; mean age = 32.4 years) were used to validate the new proposed classification system. Two independent surgeons recommended a treatment approach based upon the classification proposed. These suggestions were verified at the time of surgery. Weighted Cohen's κ was used to calculate interobserver reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t, Kolmagorov‐Smirnov, and marginal homogeneity tests.Results: Interobserver agreement and weighted Cohen's κ were 96% and 0.94, respectively. This indicated a high reliability for the proposed classification system. No peri‐implant soft tissues were classified as deficient when the newly developed classification was used to recommend treatment. Overall, 80% of sockets were graded as adequate based on soft tissue parameters (P <0.001).Conclusion: The extraction socket classification proposed here is an objective and helpful tool for socket assessment and for promoting future implant esthetics.