bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic Large-Scale Online Network Simulation
Authors: Liu X. , Chien A. A. 
Published: August 2006

Large-scale network simulation is an important technique for studying the dynamic behavior of networks, network protocols, and emerging classes of distributed applications (e.g. Grid, peer-to-peer, etc.) Large scale and realism are two critical requirements for network simulations of Grid application studies. Our work here extends previous efforts in three key ways. First, we study networks 100 times larger than in our previous studies (20000 routers). Second, at this scale, we study realistic network structures (100 ASs, BGP4 and OSPF routing) versus flat OSPF routing. Finally, we describe and evaluate a new profile-based load-balancing approach called hierarchical profile-based load balance. Our extensive large-scale experiments with profile-based load balance (PROF) on flat-routed (OSPF) networks show that PROF outperforms several other techniques based on topology and static application information. However, these results and those for multi-AS networks motivate our invention of a new hierarchical technique (HPROF) which clusters network nodes to achieve a desired minimum link latency (MLL), a key determinant of simulation parallelism, then applies the graph partitioner. HPROF explicitly controls the trade-off between simulation efficiency and available parallelism, producing robust and superior performance for large-scale networks, including both single-AS and multi-AS networks. HPROF can improve load imbalance by 40%, and reduce the simulation time by about 50% in our 20000 router simulations executed on 128-node clusters. The parallel efficiency achieved by these simulations is over 40%, providing substantial capabilities for simulating large networks. In summary, these advances demonstrate that realistic large-scale network simulation for networks of 20000 routers (comparable to a large Tier-1 ISP network such as AT&T) can be accomplished with our system. To demonstrate the capabilities of our simulation tool, we simulate a large-scale Denial-of-Service attack in a large-scale network with 10000 routers organized as 40 Autonomous Systems. The simulation includes over 400 live application processes, the DoS attack and application entities, and generates aggregate traffic of over 6 Gbps.
A Study of Natural Neighbour Interpolation and Its Application to Automotive Engine Test Data
Authors: Tily R , Brace C J 
Published: August 2006

Natural neighbour interpolation (NNI) is a method of interpolation, used primarily with irregular spatial data, which has a number of attractive features. This paper discusses NNI, its related Voronoi and Delaunay structures, and its suitability for processing automotive engine test data. Tests show that NNI can successfully interpolate randomly scattered engine test data without the need for an intermediate gridding operation. This allows data to be clustered tightly in some areas and sparsely scattered in others. NNI also shows itself to be a very accurate interpolation method, with better performance than commonly used techniques. Although NNI is available in a small number of specialized non-automotive software packages, there is currently no generally available implementation in mathematical software packages, such as Math Works's MATLAB, that could be used in a wide number of applications, including automotive. A number of MATLAB functions and programs, that implement NNI, have been developed by the authors and are introduced here.
Quasi-Static and Low-Velocity Impact Failure of Aluminium Honeycomb Sandwich Panels
Authors: Foo C C , Chai G B , Seah L K 
Published: August 2006

This article presents an extensive experimental and numerical investigation of aluminium sandwich plates subjected to quasi-static loading and low-velocity impact. The objective of this research is to understand and, ultimately, predict the initiation and progression of damage in an aluminium sandwich plate subjected to low-velocity impact. The static indentation and impact problems were analysed using the commercial finite-element software, ABAQUS. Quasi-static indentation tests and low-velocity drop weight tests were conducted to characterize the failure and to determine the extent of damage observed in aluminium sandwich plates. Comparison of the numerical load history, specimen damage area, and residual indentation with experimental results demonstrated the ability of the modelling methodology to capture the impact characteristics. Experimental results also indicated that the damage mode experienced on the impacted facesheet may be correlated to the energy absorbed by the plate during the impact event and the static failure energy. A numerical parametric study was conducted to determine the effect of various geometric parameters, such as foil thickness and cell size, on the damage resistance of the core and impacted facesheet. Findings showed that the energy absorbed during impact is independent of the core density. However, denser cores exhibited greater peak loads but experienced smaller damage profiles in the core and impacted facesheet.
Solid Surface Enhancement Effects on Chemiluminescence. I. Diaryloxalate and Filters as Media Solids
Authors: Yoshinaga Tetsutaro , Morita Michihiko , Wada Ken-ichi , Ichimura Teijiro , Hiratsuka Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Solid-surface enhancement effects on chemiluminescence were observed using diaryloxalate bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate, fluorophore[1-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene], hydrogen peroxide and solids (filters) as media. An especially strong emission was observed when glass fiber filters were used. It is suggested that both the chemical composition and the surface physical properties of the solids affect luminescence. The effects of humidity and temperature on chemiluminescence were also examined. A relative humidity of 50% (at 30 °C) gave the highest luminescent intensity. A power functional relation of one hundredth lifetime (t1/100) and the temperature(T) was obtained.
Studies on the Reactions of CH (v = 0 and 1) with NO and O2
Authors: Okada Satoru , Yamasaki Katsuyoshi , Matsui Hiroyuki , Saito Ko , Okada Kazumasa 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Rate constants for the reactions of CH(X2Π : v = 0,1) with NO and O2 are measured under pseudo-first-order conditions at 297 ± 5 K. CH(X2Π : v = 0,1) radicals are generated by excimer laser photolysis of CHBr3 and (CH3)2 CO at 193 nm, and detected by the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. The overall rate constants obtained at the total pressure of 20 Torr Ar are: kNO(v = 0) = (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10−10, kNO(v = 1) = (1.3 ± 0.6) × 10−10, kO2(v = 0) = (3.5 ± 0.3) × 10−11, and kO2(v = 1) = (3.4 ± 0.8) × 10−11 (cm3 molecule−1 s−1).
No apparent pressure dependence is indicated for the rate constants over the pressure range of 5—50 Torr Ar for CH + NO, and 5—30 Torr Ar for CH + O2 reactions, respectively.
The reaction mechanisms are discussed based on the quantum mechanical calculations of the potential energy surfaces of CH + NO and CH + O2 systems.
The Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Some Metallic Glasses in the Hydrogenation of 1-Hexene
Authors: Mahmoud Sabri S , Giessen Bill C 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The catalytic activity and selectivity of twenty one amorphous alloy ribbons were examined in the hydrogenation of 1-hexene. The amorphous alloys are of higher activity but of similar hydrogenation selectivity to the crystalline ones. Pd-based amorphous alloy ribbons, in particular Pd80Si20, are of a relatively high catalytic activity and of low selectivity towards hydrogenation. Fe20Ni60P20 amorphous alloy is a highly hydrogenation selective catalyst. Incorporation of Pd in the Fe–Ni–B alloy doubled its activity and reduced its hydrogenation selectivity by 30%. Alloying P, instead of B, with Fe and Ni significantly increased the hydrogenation selectivity of this Fe–Ni based alloy; the hydrogenation selectivity was increased from 85% for Fe20Ni60B20 to 93% for Fe20Ni60P20.
Solvent Effects on Electronic States of Phthalocyanines
Authors: Harazono Toshie , Takagishi Iwao 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The absorption spectra of a π–π* transition (the Q band) of titanium (IV) oxide phthalocyaninate (TiOpc) and phthalocyanine (H2pc) were measured in various organic solvents. It has been shown that the wavelength of the π–π* transition is dependent on 1) the permanent dipole moment of the solvent, 2) the coordination of the solvent, and 3) the dispersion force and induced dipole moment of the solvent. A single π–π* peak and its significant red-shift in the absorption spectrum of H2pc in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) suggested a protonation of the inner nitrogen atoms, leading to H4pc2+. TiOpc in TFA was cleaved, followed by the release of H2pc. The overall reaction was proposed to be as follows; TiOpc + 4CF3COOH Ti(CF3COO)4 + H2O + H2pc.
An NMR Study of Substituted Pyridine-Butyllithium Adducts
Authors: Yoshino Akihiro , Nakamura Norimasa , Takahashi Kensuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the title adducts have been observed in THF and HMPA solutions. The charge distributions in the adducts calculated from the 13C chemical shifts indicated that the 2-pyridyl ring accommodated at least about 25% negative charge at the 6-position of the adduct skeleton, while the phenyl ring gave only a 4% change at the same position. For the 2,2′-bipyridine-butyllithium adduct two isomers (E and Z) were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, indicating that the bond between the two rings has a partial double-bond character. However, for phenylpyridine–butyllithium adducts, the rotation of the phenyl group was not restricted, even at −80 °C.
Structure of Hexatitanooctadecatungstodigermanate
Authors: Yamase Toshihiro , Ozeki Tomoji , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Nishiya Shigeki , Yamamoto Akihiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The structure of a dimeric Keggin-typed polyoxotungstate, [Ge2Ti6W18O77]14−, was investigated by X-ray diffractometry and 183W NMR spectroscopy. K9H5[Ge2Ti6W18O77]·16H2O crystallizes in triclinic a = 17.582(4), b = 22.139(5), c = 12.960(2) Å, α = 101.26(2), β = 94.07(2), γ = 109.20(2)°, V = 4622(4) Å3. The D3d [Ge2Ti6W18O77]14− anion, which gives two 183W NMR resonances at −107.45 and −127.76 ppm, consists of two C3v α-A-[GeTi3W9O40]10− moieties fused together at the terminal O atoms of the 6 Ti atoms.
Unidirectional Electron Transfer at Self-Assembled Monolayers of 11-Ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol on Gold
Authors: Sato Yukari , Itoigawa Hiroyuki , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The electron-exchange reaction between the ferrocenyl group of self-assembled monolayers of 11-ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol on gold electrodes and Fe(III) species in solution is studied. The monolayer acts as an effective electron-transfer mediator for the reduction of Fe(ClO4)3 but inhibits the oxidation of Fe(ClO4)2 in HClO4 and NaClO4 solution. This behavior is also observed in HClO4 solutions containing FeIII(edta) but only when the concentration of HClO4 is higher than 0.5 M. Absorption spectra and spectroelectrochemical and electrochemical measurements show that FeIII(edta) dissociates in highly acidic solutions and generates Fe3+aq, which acts as an electron-accepting species.
Photocatalytic Reaction of Ethanol over Titanium Diselenide
Authors: Iseda Kozo , Osaki Toshihiko , Taoda Hiroshi , Yamakita Hiromi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A suspension of TiSe2 in ethanol was illuminated with ultraviolet light in an atmosphere of Ar, air, or O2 at 298 K. The main products were acetaldehyde, acetaldehyde diethyl acetal (acetal), acetic acid, water, hydrogen, ethylene, methane, and carbon dioxide. Each yield of the products under air or O2 was higher than under Ar, except for that of hydrogen and ethylene. Platinum under an O2 atmosphere exerted its effect for producing CH3COOH, acetal, CO2, CH3CHO, CH4, and H2O, while under Ar it contributed to generating CO2, CH4, and H2. No effect of Pt was observed for generating C2H4 under either an atmosphere of Ar or O2.
Visible-Light Induced Photocatalysis of Partially Fluorinated Poly(p-phenylene) and Related Linear Phenylene Derivatives
Authors: Maruo Katsuya , Yamada Kazuyori , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
As a partially fluorinated poly(p-phenylene) derivative, yellow powder PF-PPP-n with high solubility in organic solvents was prepared as a mixture of oligomers by nickel-catalyzed polycondensation of the Grignard reagent from 1-bromo-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene. PF-PPP-n shows photocatalytic activity for reduction of water to H2, carbonyl compounds to alcohols, and dimethyl maleate and fumarate to the succinate under visible-light (λ &gt; 400 nm) irradiation in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor. The photocatalysis was compared with those of other related fluorinated linear aromatics such as perfluorinated poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (F-PPS-n), perfluorinated poly(p-phenylene) (F-PPP-n). Their spectral characteristics and photocatalysis are discussed on the basis of the semiempirical molecular orbital calculations.
Extraction and Separation Studies of Bismuth(III) and Antimony(III) with Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Authors: Barve Anirudha D , Desai Ganesh S , Shinde Vijay M 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Separation of bismuth(III) from lead, antimony, gold, and tellurium and that of antimony(III) from copper, bismuth, and lead is achieved by selective extraction of bismuth(III) and antimony(III) from halide solutions into tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP) dissolved in toluene or xylene. The extracted species are evaluated by log D–log C plots. The method is applicable to the analysis of some ‘real’ samples. The separation and determination takes only 20 minutes.
A Rapid Spectrophotometric Determination of Molybdenum(VI) Using 2′-Hydroxyacetophenone Benzoylhydrazone
Authors: Dass Rameshwar , Mehta Jaswant Ram 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
2′-Hydroxyacetophenone benzoylhydrazone (HABH) has been used for the first time as an analytical reagent for determination of molybdenum spectrophotometrically. Molybdenum (VI) in presence of large number of cations, anions, and complexing agents except oxalate and borate, forms a yellow complex with HABH extractable into carbon tetrachloride from weakly acidic solution. As many as 31 cations, 15 anions, and complexing agents were studied. The absorbance of the complex was measured at 390 nm. The color was stable for more than 18 h. The system conformed to Beer’s law over the concentration range of 1.28 to 13.8 μg of molybdenum per cm3. The procedure is simple, selective, reproducible and takes &lt; 10 min in a single determination of molybdenum in large number of synthetic samples.
A Voltammetric Study on the One-Electron Redox Processes of the Dawson-Type Heteropolymolybdate Complexes
Authors: Himeno Sadayuki , Maeda Kohji , Osakai Toshiyuki , Saito Atsuyoshi , Hori Toshitaka 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The electrochemical behaviors of the Dawson-type heteropolymolybdate anions, [S2Mo18O62]4−, [P2Mo18O62]6−, and [As2Mo18O62]6− were investigated at the glassy carbon (GC) electrode. In CH3CN where no protonation accompanies reduction, the voltammogram of the [S2Mo18O62]4− anion consists of four one-electron redox waves followed by an ill-defined wave while the [P2Mo18O62]6− and [As2Mo18O62]6− anions exhibit two one-electron redox waves; the one-electron waves are reversible and diffusion-controlled. The Dawson anions undergo successive two-electron reductions under the conditions where protonation can accompany reduction. The effect of the presence of acid on the voltammetric behaviors has also been discussed.
“In-situ” Quartz Crystal Microbalance Responses and Electrochemistry Regarding Langmuir–Blodgett Film of Viologen Polyion Complex on the Electrode Surface
Authors: Oyama Noboru , Ikeda Shin , Hatozaki Osamu , Shimomura Masatsugu , Mishima Kumi , Nakamura Sadako 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior and the response of the quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) for the Langmuir–Blodgett(LB) viologen film have been examined. LB monolayers employed are prepared by electrostatically fixing the viologen monolayer containing the alkyl chain moiety on the poly(potassium 1-sulfatoethylene). The number of monolayers accumulated on the polycrystalline Au electrode of a piezoelectric quartz crystal was controlled by changing the general vertical dipping times. The QCM frequency response for the first reduction scan of viologen dication (V2+) to monocation radical (V+•) shows extremely large frequency increase, qualitatively indicative of mass loss, viscoelasticity decrease, or mechanical stress decrease during the reduction. A frequency increase during the second reduction scan is also observed, although not as large as for the first scan. The frequencies increase continuously with increasing number of scans and the steady-state responses can only be obtained after many repetitive potential scans. The results of the conductance spectra measurements of the quartz crystal/LB film composite resonator are interpreted as break-in and/or an increase of aggregation of the orientated structure during potential scans. The cyclic voltammetric wave obtained in the potential range 0 to −0.7 V vs. sodium chloride saturated calomel electrode has the characteristics of a simple, one electron transfer between V2+ and V+•, being chemically reversible process. The subsequent cyclic voltammogram responses obtained after the first cycle of potential scan are nearly identical for some hours, in contrast to the responses of the QCM. It is shown that structural change of the organized film dose not have a significant influence on the shape of the electrochemical response but does have an effect on the frequency response of the QCM.
Viscosity and Dissociation Mechanism of a Cryolite Flux, Na3AlF6, during the Growth of Corundum Single Crystals
Authors: Watanabe Koichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The viscosities of the Na3AlF6–Al2O3 system, including Al2O3 of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%, during the growth of corundum single crystals at 1050 °C were measured by the oscillating disk method, and used with Hallett’s equation. Although the viscosity in such a system progressively increased with an increase in the Al2O3 concentration, from 1.57 cP (0 wt%) to 1.68 cP (10 wt%) at 1050 °C, at 15 wt% it steeply increased to 2.40 cP. A plot of the logarithmic viscosity vs. the reciprocal absolute temperature gave a linear relation in the respective systems. The values of the mean molar volume and the activation free energy (ΔG*) of the flow unit in a system including 15 wt% Al2O3 were calculated to be approximately 22.4 ml mol− at 1050 °C and 12.74 kcal mol−1, respectively. The dissociated ionic species and its mechanism in the molten state of such a system are discussed in terms of the free-energy-limited theory deduced from the reaction rate theory; the steep increment of the viscosity in a system containing Al2O3 of more than 10 wt% is conjectured to be caused by a clustering state of dissociated Al2O3.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolate-Bridged Dinuclear Nickel(II) Complexes with Thioether Pendant Arms
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Handa Makoto , Shigematsu Shinji , Funaki Shunji , Fujii Toshinori , Okawa Hisashi , Toriumi Koshiro , Koshiba Takashi , Terauchi Hikaru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Thiolate-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) complexes with N-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-N-[2-(methylthio)ethyl]-2-aminoethanethiol (HLa) or N-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-N-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]-2-aminoethanethiol (HLb), [Ni2(La)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Ni2(Lb)2](ClO4)2 (2), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibilities (80—300 K), and XANES. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method at 118 and 293 K, respectively. The cation molecule has a thiolate-bridged dinuclear structure, in which each nickel ion is essentially coordinated by a square-planar N2S2 donor set with a weak apical coordination of the pendant thioether group. The magnetic and spectral properties are discussed based on the crystal structures.
Liquid Chromatography with Aminopropylsilica Gel Modified by Heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin Derivative
Authors: Kuroda Yasuhisa , Kato Teru , Ogoshi Hisanobu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
New stationary phases modified by heptakis(2,3,6-O-trimethyl)-β-cyclodextrin were prepared and tested as HPLC columns. The results show that these stationary phases exhibit significant chiral separation abilities for various types of aromatic compounds under reversed-phase conditions. Acetylation and propionylation of the residual amino groups on silica gel improve the retention capacity of the stationary phase and results in better chromatographic chiral separation. One of the most possible reasons for this superior chiral separation observed for the acylated stationary phases is considered to be the increased local concentration of the solutes on the hydrophobic surface of the stationary phase, which increases the possibility for the contact of solutes with the outside of cyclodextrin fixed on the silica gel.
Fluorescence Spectra of Eu(II) in Borate and Aluminate Glasses
Authors: Tanaka Katsuhisa , Ohyagi Tomohito , Hirao Kazuyuki , Soga Naohiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence and 151Eu Mössbauer spectra have been obtained for alkali borate, alkaline earth borate and rare-earth aluminate glasses containing Eu2+ ions. The Mössbauer spectra indicate that about 70 to 80% of the europium ions are present as Eu2+ ions in the borate glasses. As for the aluminate glasses, almost all of the europium ions are present as Eu2+ ions. The fluorescence spectra due to the 4f65d1 → 4f7 transition of the Eu2+ ion have been observed under excitation with UV radiation. There exists an empirical relationship that the emission energy decreases monotonically with an increase in the theoretical optical basicity of glass, irrespective of the glass systems. This relationship is explained in terms of simple crystal field theory by assuming that the splitting of the 5d levels mainly determines the emission energy of the Eu2+ ions. This empirical relationship also indicates that Eu2+ ions are distributed rather homogeneously in the present borate and aluminate glasses.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Mononuclear Manganese(IV) Complexes with o-(Salicylideneaminomethyl)phenol and Its Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Jie Dai , Kakuta Yoshihisa , Tokii Tadashi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A series of manganese(IV) complexes, [Mn (R, R′-L)2]·nS (R or R′ = H, Cl, Br, CH3O; n = 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2; S = H2O, THF (THF = tetrahydrofuran)) where H2(R, R′-L) denotes o-(salicylideneaminomethyl)phenol with the substituent R on the salicylideneamino ring and the R′ on the aminomethylphenol ring, have been prepared and characterized by infrared and electronic spectra, magnetic moments, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemical experiment. The molecular structure of [Mn (5-Cl′-L)2]·2THF has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The ligands act as meridional tridentate ONO donors and the complex has an MnO4N2 coordination sphere. The spectral, magnetic, and electrochemical properties are discussed in relation to the molecular structure.