bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Dihydroxyphenylalanine Decarboxylase in Nerves of the Spinal Cord and Sympathetically Innervated Organs
Authors: ANDÉN NILS‐ERIK , MAGNUSSON TOR , ROSENOREN EVALD 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndén, N. ‐E., T. Magnusson and E. Rosengren. Occurrence of dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase in nerves of the spinal cord and sympathetically innervated organs. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 127–135. –After transection of the rabbit spinal cord the L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activity in the caudal part was reduced by 90–95 and 75–85 per cent when determined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The drop appeared to be fastest between the second and fifth day, and the activity reached its minimum level after 3 weeks. In the rabbit iris the dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activity fell to approximately 10 per cent of that of the control side in 48 hours after the excision of the superior cervical ganglion. In both tissues the time courses of the disappearance of dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activity and of noradrenaline were very similar but the amine disappeared somewhat more suddenly and rapidly than the enzyme. Preganglionic sympathectomy did not influence the dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activity in the iris. The nerve trunk contained only 15–20 times higher activity than the iris, why the dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase like noradrenaline probably occurs in the whole neuron but is highly concentrated in the terminals. Postganglionic sympathectomy reduced the dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activity in the rat submaxillary gland and spleen by 85 and 80 per cent, respectively.
Integrative Organization of the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract in the Cat
Authors: OSCARSSON OLOV 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOscarsson, O. Integrative organization of the rostral spinocerebellar tract in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 154–166. – The convergence of synaptic actions from Group I muscle afferents and flexor reflex afferents (FRA) to rostral spinocerebellar tract (RSCT) neurones, and the effects produced in these neurones by natural stimulation of receptors have been investigated. The monosynaptic excitation from Group I afferents was related mainly or exclusively to tendon organ afferents. The convergence of Group I excitation to individual tract neurones was usually extensive: there was often excitation from one muscle group at each of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist and finger joints. The RSCT neurones received polysynaptic excitation from the FRA of large receptive fields in the ipsilateral forelimb. These fields had no obvious relation to the Group I receptive fields. The effects evoked by stimulation of cutaneous receptors were weak. The FRA effects from muscle were often strong; on maintained stretch there was only moderate adaptation and cessation of stretch was followed by an afterdischarge. The organization in the RSCT and VSCT (ventral spinocerebellar tract) is compared and the information forwarded by the two tracts is discussed. – Additional observations demonstrated that VSCT neurones were influenced from the FRA not only in hindlimb but also in forelimb nerves. There is a discussion of the significance of this finding for a hypothesis concerning the informative value of the FRA connections to ascending tracts.
The in Vivo Effect of Angiotensin and Noradrenaline on the Proximal Tubular Reabsorption of Salt in Mammalian Kidneys
Authors: LEYSSAC PAUL P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLeyssac, P. P.The in vivo effect of angiotensin and noradrenaline on the proximal tubular reabsorption of salt in mammalian kidneys. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.64. 167–175. – The purpose of the investigation presented here was to study the immediate effect of angiotensin and of noradrenaline on the rate of proximal tubular reabsorption of filtrate in mammalian kidneys by a direct method. By registration of the occlusion time, which is the time interval between interruption of the renal circulation and the moment at which the majority of the proximal tubules have completed reabsorption of the luminal fluid, it is demonstrated that angiotensin causes a depression of the tubular reabsorption rate, which is maximal when about 0.7 × 10‐9g is acting per g of kidney. In contrast noradrenaline was without any immediate effect on the proximal reabsorption rate, suggesting that effects observed in clearance studies are indirect and mediated by a rapid intrarenal mechanism possibly involving the angiotensin system.
Distribution of Monoamines and Dihydroxyphenylalanine Decarboxylase Activity in the Spinal Cord
Authors: ANDÉN NILS‐ERIK 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndén, N. ‐E. Distribution of monoamines and dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activity in the spinal cord. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 197–203. – The contents of noradrenaline, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and DOPA decarboxylase activity at different levels of the rabbit and cat spinal cord have been investigated. The concentrations in the various parts differed only slightly and roughly parallelled the relative amounts of grey matter. There was more 5‐hydroxytryptamine than noradrenaline in all locations, usually 2–4 times. The distribution in the thoracic cord of cows has also been investigated. The concentrations of both amines were highest in the lateral horns, lower in the anterior and posterior horns, and much lower in the white matter. The DOPA decarboxylase activity was lower in the lateral horns than in the white matter and the other horns. No dopamine was normally found in the spinal cord.
The Effect of Dextran and Some other Colloids on the Suspension Stability of Blood from Different Species
Authors: ELIASSON R. , SAMELIUS‐BROBERG U. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEliasson, R. and U. Samelius‐Broberg. The effect of dextran and some other colloids on the suspension stability of blood from different species. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 245–250. – The effect of various dextran fractions and plasma proteins on the suspension stability of blood from different mammals has been studied in vitro. The suspension stability was measured as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) according to Westergren's method. None of the compounds caused a change in ESR of blood from cow and sheep. The ESR of blood from cat and horse was increased by all compounds. Rat, rabbit, dog, pig and man formed an intermediate group.
The Transport Form of Free Fatty Acids in Rat Serum A study in vitro using gel filtration
Authors: GÖRANSSON GÖRAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGöransson, G. The transport form of free fatty acids in rat serum. A study in vitro using gel filtration. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 269–274. – The partition of labeled fatty acids between the protein and water phases in rat serum has been studied in vitro using gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200 columns. Laurie, capric and caproic acids were to an increasing degree distributed over the total volume of the column, whereas all saturated fatty acids as well as unsaturated acids with a chain length of 14 carbon atoms or more were completely eluted in combination with protein. The saturated acids were, with increasing number of carbon atoms, to an increasing extent eluted with the lipoprotein fraction. More than 98 % of all the unsaturated fatty acids studied were eluted with the albumin peak. When the amount of oleic acid was increased above a mole ratio of total fatty acid to albumin of 3–6, the percentage of radioactivity recovered with the albumin fraction decreased.
Studies on the Elimination of Exogenous Lipids from the Blood Stream The Kinetics of the Elimination of a Fat Emulsion Studied by a Constant Infusion Technique in Man
Authors: HALLBERG DAG 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHallberg, D. Studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. The kinetics of the elimination of a fat emulsion studied by a constant infusion technique in man. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 299–305. – The earlier described kinetic principle for the elimination of a fat emulsion (Intralipid®) from the circulation studied after single injections was confirmed in this study, using a constant infusion technique. A primer dose of the fat emulsion, followed by a constant infusion, was given. The plasma triglyceride (TG) level was followed. The emulsion TG fraction in plasma was separated from endogenous plasma TG with a polyvinylpyrrolidone density gradient. At low infusion rates there was a constant TG level in the top fraction of the gradient containing the emulsion TG, indicating a first order removal. At high infusion rates there was a linearly increasing TG concentration in the top fraction, indicating a zero order removal. The data confirm equivocally the kinetic principle described earlier which consists of a maximal elimination capacity (zero order kinetic) at high concentrations and an exponential elimination rate (first order kinetic) at low concentrations. During the elimination of the emulsion TG fraction from the circulation changes were noted in the concentrations of the other TG fractions in plasma. Some data on these changes are also presented.
Inhibitory Action from the Flexor Reflex Afferents on Transmission to Ia Afferents
Authors: LUND S. , LUNDBERG A. , VYKLICKY L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLund, S. A. Lundberg and L. Vyklický. Inhibitory action from the flexor reflex afferents on transmission to la afferents. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 345–355. – In spinal cats the dorsal root potential (DRP) evoked from la afferents of flexors can be effectively depressed by volleys in the flexor reflex afferents (FRA). It has been confirmed that in the acute spinal cat volleys in la afferents of flexors give a primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in la afferents but not in lb and cutaneous afferents and that volleys in the FRA do not depolarize la afferents. Excitability measurements and intracellular recording from la afferents have shown that the PAD evoked from la afferents is depressed from the FRA. The presynaptic inhibition from la afferents of the la EPSP in motoneurones can be removed by volleys in the FRA. It is concluded that volleys in the FRA inhibit transmission from la to la at an interneuronal level possibly presynaptically through depolarization of interneuronal terminals. The findings are discussed in relation to the function of the gamma loop in the flexor reflex.
A Micromethod for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Blood
Authors: LINDERHOLM H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLinderholm, H.A micromethod for the determination of carbon monoxide in blood. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.64. 372–376. – A method is described which makes it possible to determine small amounts of CO in gas and blood by the use of palladium‐molybdenum test tubes for the detection of CO. 0.05 ml of blood with normal COHb saturation (about 0.5 per cent) corresponding to a total amount of about 0.05 μl CO, is sufficient for an analysis of the CO content.
Direct Demonstration of the Systems of Terminals Belonging to an Individual Adrenergic Neuron and Their Distribution in Rat Iris
Authors: MALMFORS TORBJÖRN , SACHS CHARLOTTE 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMalmfors, T. and Ch. Sachs. Direct demonstration of the systems of terminals belonging to an individual adrenergic neuron and their distribution in rat iris. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 377–382. –The adrenergic nerves remaining in the rat iris following the destruction of most nerve cells in the superior cervical ganglion were studied with the use of a histochemical fluorescence method. – The iris technique used have for the first time made it possible directly to demonstrate how the postganglionic adrenergic fibre, by branching within the innervated tissue, forms a system of long preterminal axons which run to different parts of the iris and how each preterminal axon finally forms a system of long and branching terminals (see Fig. 5). The systems of terminals that belong to an individual neuron are distributed to areas spread over a large part of the iris. The findings give direct evidence for the view of Hillarp (1946, 1959) as to the construction of the autonomic innervation apparatus. –The study also shows that one and the same neuron can give excitatory and inhibitory innervation respectively to two antagonistic effectors (dilator and sphincter).
Electrophysiological Investigation of the Gustatory Effect of Ethyl Alcohol I: The Summated Response of the Chorda Tympani in the Cat, Dog and Rat
Authors: HELLEKANT GÖRAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHellekant, G. Electrophysiological investigation of the gustatory effect of ethyl alcohol. I: The summated response of the chorda tympani in the cat, dog and rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 392–397. – The summated response of the chorda tympani nerve to alcohol is characterized by an initial depression, a slow onset of the discharge and then a strong positive response to a water rinse. The initial period of decreased activity is related to the alcohol concentration, in such a way that a stronger solution diminishes the period of depressed activity in the nerve. The increase of activity is greater in the cat and the dog than in the rat. This positive response in the cat and rat shows a maximum after which no further increase in the response can be observed with increased alcohol concentration. Evidence is presented that the strong response to water after alcohol emanates from gustatory fibres which respond positively to water. The possibility of rat gustatory responses to water and the types of gustatory fibres responsive to alcohol are discussed.
On the Occurrence of Tyramine in the Rabbit Brain
Authors: GUNNE LARS‐M. , JONSSON JOHN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGunne, L.‐M. and J. Jonsson. On the occurrence of tyramine in the rabbit brain. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 434–438. – After chromatographic separation on a strong cation exchange resin no tyramine could be detected in an extract of 6 pooled rabbit brains. This indicates that the whole brain content of tyramine must be below 10 ng/g wet tissue weight. This observation does not support the concept that tyramine should be an important metabolic precursor of noradrenaline in the brain.
Effects of Follicle Stimulating Hormone on Amino Acid Transport and Protein Biosynthesis in the Isolated Rat Ovary
Authors: AHRÉN KURT , RUBINSTEIN LIDIA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAhrén, K. and L. Rubinstein. Effects of follicle stimulating hormone on amino acid transport and protein biosynthesis in the isolated rat ovary. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 463–474. – Whole ovaries from prepubertal rats were incubated in Krebs phosphate or bicarbonate buffer. I. v. injection of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 4 hrs before removal of the ovaries stimulated the incorporation of glycine‐3H into the ovarian protein and accelerated the intracellular accumulation of radioactivity from α‐aminoisobutyric acid‐14C (AIB‐14C), glycine‐3H and valine‐14C. Addition of FSH directly to the incubation medium did not have these effects. The accumulation of amino acids was more rapid when the ovaries were incubated in bicarbonate buffer than when phosphate buffer was used. Addition of glucose to the incubation medium did not influence the rate of accumulation of amino acids, nor did it influence the effect of FSH. Addition of puromycin to the medium inhibited and, in higher concentration, completely blocked the protein synthesis in the isolated ovaries. FSH did,‐however, stimulate the accumulation of AIB‐14C, glycine‐3H and valine‐14C even when the protein synthesis was completely blocked by puromycin. It is therefore concluded that the effect of FSH on amino acid transport in the isolated rat ovary is not secondary to a stimulation of amino acid incorporation into protein and that this effect might represent a primary action of this gonadotrophin. Some evidence concerning the specificity of the observed effects of FSH is given.
Definition of two Distinct Processes in Activation during Potassium‐Induced Contractures of Frog's Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Frank George B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe responses to rapid stretches applied just prior to or during potassium‐induced contractures were investigated using small bundles of muscle fibres. In submaximal contractures induced by 27 or 42 mM KCl (in choline‐Ringer's) the “resistance to stretch” (i. e., the extra tension recorded about 0.1 sec following the start of the stretch) and the tension developed without stretching followed different time courses. When stretched during the rise in tension the muscles always developed greater tensions than when the same stretch was applied before exposure to the elevated potassium. The “resistance to stretch” was small at the start of the contracture, it was maximal about halfway through the rise in tension and it declined slowly thereafter. By a proper selection of the amount of stretch and the instant of stretching it was possible to obtain tensions equal to or greater than the maximal tensions induced by isotonic KCl. In contractures induced by isotonic KCl the “resistance to stretch” was maximal near the start, it declined slowly during the rise of tension, and it declined rapidly during the fall in tension. These results suggest that the changes in elasticity (as indicated by the ‘resistance to stretch’) and the ability to develop tension resulted from two distinct processes and in potassium‐induced contractures they follow different time courses which can be varied experimentally.
The Antagonistic Effect of Human Plasma Albumin on the Insulin Stimulated Glucose Uptake of the Isolated Rat Diaphragm
Authors: Jervell Jak 
Published: December 2008

AbstractJervell, J., The antagonistic effect of human plasma albumin on the insulin stimulated of glucose uptake of the isolated rat diaphragm. Acta physiol. scand. 1965, 65, 33–44. — Albumin isolated by several different procedures antagonized the effect of insulin on the glucose uptake of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm. The antagonism was still present after the pH reducing effect of the albumins had been corrected. A decrease in pH was also found to have some insulin‐antagonistic effect. There was no correlation between the antagonistic effect and the free fatty acid content of the albumins, and adding palmitate to a nonantagonistic albumin did not increase its antagonistic activity. The antagonistic effect cannot he explained by the calcium and magnesium binding properties of the albumin.
Spectral Sensitivity of Single Units in the Cortical Area Corresponding to Central Vision in the Monkey1
Authors: Lennox‐Buchthal Margaret A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThose single units, in the cortex corresponding to foveal representation in the monkey, which responded reproducibly to restricted portions of the spectrum did so to blue, to green or to red (Andersen, Buchmann and Lennox‐Buchthal 1962). The combined spectral sensitivity curves of these units showed the blue‐sensitive units to have a sharp peak at 470 nm. The sensitivity of the red‐sensitive units was broader, 590 to 650 nm, with peak sensitivity at 630 nm at the highest criterion of threshold. The green‐sensitive units gave sparser responses and were more variable from trial to trial, sometimes responding in a vaguely opponent colour fashion to about 500 and 590 nm, and sometimes with peak sensitivity at about 545 nm.
Recurrent and Reflex Discharges in Plantar Muscles of the Cat
Authors: Gassel M. M. , Wiesendanger M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGassel, M. M. and M. Wiesendanger. Recurrent and refleex discharges in plantar muscles of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 138–142. — The response subsequent to the maximal direct response in plantar muscles of the cat elicited by electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle had an early, triphasic, and a late, polyphasic, component. Deafferentation of the hind leg showed that the early component was an antidromically induced recurrent discharge and the late component a polysynaptic reflex. A monosynaptic reflex could however add to or even replace the recurrent discharge at the same latency as the recurrent discharge when the strength of stimulation was reduced or following repetitive stimulation. As to the secondary response in the intrinsic hand and foot muscles in man (F‐wave) it is unsettled whether the first deflection originates from a recurrent discharge or is a combination of a recurrent discharge and a monosynaptic reflex. This makes the F‐wave unsuitable for the measurement of sensory conduction velocity.
Steady State Diffusing Capacity during Prolonged, Non‐Steady State Sitting Exercise in Ordinarily Trained Young Men
Authors: Ekelund Lars Göran , Holmgren Alf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEkelund, L. G. and A. Holmgren,Steady state diffusing capacity during prolonged, non‐steady‐state sitting exercise in ordinarily trained young men. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65. 143–152. — Ventilation, alveolar gas exchange and steady state diffusing capacity (DLCO) were measured at rest and during prolonged non‐steady‐state exercise in 6 healthy young men. Measurements were obtained after 7, 30 and 60 rnin work. The work load increased the heart rate from an average of 136 beats/min after 7 min to 167 beats/min after 60 min work. Ventilation increased from 38.5 l/min to 45.9 l/min after 60 rnin work. Alveolar ventilation increased slightly with a corresponding increase in oxygen uptake. The increase in ventilation was caused by an increase in respiratory rate in spite of a decrease in tidal volume. The physiological dead space increased only slightly. The resulting increase in the dead space ventilation was thus mainly a result of increasing repiratory rate. The steady state (DLCO) averaged 35.0 ml. min‐1mm Hg‐lafter 7 rnin and increased slightly to 37.8 ml min‐1mm Hg‐1after 60 min work. Arterial oxygen tension increased slightly from 88 mm Hg after 7 min to 93 mm Hg after 60 min work. Carbon dioxide tension decreased from 43.1 mm Hg after 7 min to 41.2 mm Hg after 60 min work. The pH remained normal throughout the whole exercise period.
Studies on the Elimination of Exogenous Lipids from the Blood Stream: The effect of fasting and surgical trauma in man on the elimination rate of a fat emulsion injected intravenously
Authors: Hallberg Dag 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHallberg, D.Studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. The effect of fasting and surgical trauma in man on the elimination rate of a fat emulsion injected intravenously. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65, 153–163. Single i. v. injections of a fat emulsion were given to 2 groups of patients after 15 hrs and 39 hrs of fasting. One group fasted only and the other group was subjected to abdominal surgery between the 2 tests. The elimination rate of the fat emulsion from the blood stream was determined by triglyceride analyses on plasma with and without separation into 3 fractions in a polyvinylpyrrolidone density gradient. The results showed that the maximal elimination capacity, which operates at high concentration of the fat emulsion in plasma, increased by 50 per cent in the non‐surgery group after prolonged fasting and by 250 per cent in the surgery group. The fractional removal rate operating at low concentration of the fat emulsion in plasma, was unchanged in the control group and increased in the surgery group. Observations on recirculating lipid fractions are reported. The results are discussed with regard to factors influencing the two rate constants.