bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Pod Based e-Cigarettes and Nicotine Pouches to Reduce Harm for Adults With Low Socioeconomic Status Who Smoke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Avila Jaqueline C , Maglalang Dale Dagar , Nollen Nicole L , Lee Sangah Clara , Suh Riley , Malone Mona , Binjrajka Urvi , Ahluwalia Jasjit S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems (ANDS) such as e-cigarettes (EC) and oral nicotine pouches (ONP) may facilitate the substitution of smoking for those unwilling to quit. This pilot study assesses the harm-reduction potential of EC and ONP among smokers with low socioeconomic status (SES).

Aims and Methods
Adults who smoked daily in the past 6 months, had a household income &lt; 250% federal poverty level and had no intention of quitting smoking in the next 30 days were randomized 2:2:1 to 8 weeks of 5% nicotine EC; 4 mg ONP or assessment-only control (CC). The primary outcome was a within-group change in cigarettes per day (CPD) from Baseline to week 8.

Results
Forty-five individuals were randomized (EC: N = 18; ONP: N = 18; CC: N = 9). Analyses included 33 participants who completed the week 8 visit. The mean age was 50.1 years (SD: 10.7) and the average CPD at baseline was 13.9 (SD: 10.1). For those randomized to EC, the average CPD decreased from 14.7 (95% CI: 10.3 to 19.1) at the Baseline to 2.9 (95% CI: .1 to 5.8) at week 8 (p-value &lt; .001). For those randomized to ONP, average CPD decreased from 15.0 (95% CI: 5.0 to 24.9) to 8.3 (95% CI: 1.3 to 15.2) by week 8 (p-value = .01). In the EC and ONP groups, respectively, 4 (28.6%) and 1 (8.3%) participant fully switched from smoking to the ANDS product by week 8.

Conclusions
Individuals with low SES who smoke had lower CPD after switching to EC or ONP. These findings show the potential of ANDS in helping smokers switch to less harmful devices.

Implications
This study provides novel evidence that e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches can be a harm-reduction tool for individuals with lower SES who smoke and are not willing to quit smoking, contributing to reducing tobacco-related disparities in this population.
Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT05327439
Heat-induced SUMOylation differentially affects bacterial effectors in plant cells
Authors: Li Wenliang , Liu Wen , Xu Zewei , Zhu Chengluo , Han Danlu , Liao Jianwei , Li Kun , Tang Xiaoyan , Xie Qi , Yang Chengwei , Lai Jianbin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bacterial pathogens deliver effectors into host cells to suppress immunity. How host cells target these effectors is critical in pathogen–host interactions. SUMOylation, an important type of posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells, plays a critical role in immunity, but its effect on bacterial effectors remains unclear in plant cells. In this study, using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we found that at least 16 effectors from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 are SUMOylated by the enzyme cascade from Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation of SUMOylation sites on the effector HopB1 enhances its function in the induction of plant cell death via stability attenuation of a plant receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1)-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1. By contrast, SUMOylation is essential for the function of another effector, HopG1, in the inhibition of mitochondria activity and jasmonic acid signaling. SUMOylation of both HopB1 and HopG1 is increased by heat treatment, and this modification modulates the functions of these 2 effectors in different ways in the regulation of plant survival rates, gene expression, and bacterial infection under high temperatures. Therefore, the current work on the SUMOylation of effectors in plant cells improves our understanding of the function of dynamic protein modifications in plant–pathogen interactions in response to environmental conditions.
Assessment of central nervous system vasculitis in children based on high-resolution vascular wall imaging
Authors: Cao Yimin , Sun Yue , Yi Zexi , Meng Weixin , Zhao Xueying , Feng Xuran , Feng Pingyong , Wang Sicong , Zhang Mingfeng , Zhou Lixia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is a rare disease. High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) enables the identification of inflammatory changes within the vessel wall. Few studies have applied HR-VWI to assess CNSV in children. This study delves into the utility of HR-VWI for diagnosing and treating CNSV in children, with the aim of enhancing clinical diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.

Methods
Imaging data were acquired from children who underwent HR-VWI examinations. The study meticulously analysed clinical data and laboratory tests to discern the characteristics and distribution patterns of diverse vasculitis forms.

Results
In children, CNSV mainly involves medium vessels with grade 1 and 2 stenosis (grade 4 stenosis is rare), and the imaging features generally show centripetal and moderate enhancement, suggesting that this feature is specific for the diagnosis of CNSV. High-grade stenosis, concentric enhancement and strong enhancement of the vasculature indicate more severe disease activity. Remarkably, HR-VWI proved to be significantly more sensitive than magnetic resonance angiography in detecting CNSV. Among the 13 cases subjected to imaging review, 8 demonstrated a reduction or resolution of vessel wall inflammation. In contrast, five patients exhibited worsening inflammation in the vessel wall. HR-VWI demonstrated that changes in vessel wall inflammation were closely correlated with changes in brain parenchymal lesions and symptoms.

Conclusion
This study underscores the diagnostic value of HR-VWI in CNSV assessment and treatment monitoring, offering a quantitative evaluation of CNSV in children.
Carbamazepine transmits immune effect by activation of gut-liver axis and TLR signaling pathway from parental zebrafish to offspring
Authors: Liu Xuan , Liu Fan , Liu Li , Song You , Liu Hongling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) has been identified in the aquatic environment as an emerging contaminant. Its immune effect across generations at environmentally relevant concentrations is little known. We aim to elucidate the effects of CBZ on the immune system in zebrafish (Danio rerio), hypothesizing the effects caused by CBZ exposure in the parental generation can be passed on to its offspring, leading to impairment of innate immune function and defense against pathogen weakened. A suite of bioassays (including a test with added lipopolysaccharide) was used to measure the effects of environmentally relevant levels of CBZ (1, 10, and 100 μg/l) on zebrafish at multiple biological levels, and across 2 successive generations (21 days exposure for F0; 5 and 21 days exposure or nonexposure for F1). The results showed that CBZ affected homeostasis in the immune system, caused liver vacuolization, increased the inflammation-related microbiota proportion in gut, and decreased reproduction, by induction of oxidative stress and modulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling pathway on gut-liver axis. The effects of exposure to CBZ over 21 days in F0 could be passed to the next generation. Intergenerational effects on TLR and antioxidant defense system were also observed in nonexposed F1 at 5 days post-fertilization (5 dpf), but diminished at 21 dpf. The finding provided evidence to unravel immune response by gut-liver axis mediated and oxidative stress under 4 test conditions. The study has raised a potential concern about the multigenerational immune effects of environmental pollutants and calls for a focus on the risk of synergetic pathogen infection.
Village Fairness Norms and Land-Rental Markets
Authors: Krah Kwabena , Maertens Annemie , Mhango Wezi , Michelson Hope , Nourani Vesall 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper documents the role of village fairness norms in land markets. A strong and robust relationship is established between experimentally elicited village-level fairness norms and land-rental rates across 250 Malawian villages. Stronger fairness norms correlate with a tighter range in village rental rates. The study suggests that the fairness norms for tenants appear to be more important, constraining the land-rental price range by a price ceiling rather than a price floor. The results further indicate that rented-in fields are of lower agronomic quality than owner-cultivated fields, but do not find any statistically significant relationship between the fairness norms and land-rental activity in the village.
Recent progresses in gut microbiome mediates obstructive sleep apnea‐induced cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Haifen , Li Shuai , Fang Fan , Yin Yanran , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial sleep disorder with a high prevalence in the general population. OSA is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly hypertension, and is linked to worse outcomes. Although the correlation between OSA and CVDs is firmly established, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Continuous positive airway pressure is primary treatment for OSA reducing cardiovascular risk effectively, while is limited by inadequate compliance. Moreover, alternative treatments for cardiovascular complications in OSA are currently not available. Recently, there has been considerable attention on the significant correlation between gut microbiome and pathophysiological changes in OSA. Furthermore, gut microbiome has a significant impact on the cardiovascular complications that arise from OSA. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of this association is lacking. This review examines recent advancements to clarify the link between the gut microbiome, OSA, and OSA‐related CVDs, with a specific focus on hypertension, and also explores potential health advantages of adjuvant therapy that targets the gut microbiome in OSA.
Screening Practices and Late Diagnosis of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy in Asian Patients
Authors: Ahn Seong Joon , Kim Ji Hong 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the associations between screening practices and late diagnosis in Asian patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

Methods:
In total, 92 Korean patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy were included and separated into late diagnosis and earlier diagnosis groups according to the retinopathy stage at the time of diagnosis. Details of screening practices regarding timing and modalities for baseline and annual monitoring examinations were compared between the two groups. Adherence to the current American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) guidelines was compared between the two groups.

Results:
Timing of baseline and initial monitoring examinations was appropriate as per the AAO guidelines in only 5.3% of patients with late diagnosis. There were significant differences in the proportions of patients receiving initial monitoring at 5 years of use and those receiving annual monitoring between the late and earlier diagnosis groups (P=0.003 and <0.001, respectively). The duration from the start date of hydroxychloroquine therapy to the first monitoring examination was significantly prolonged in the late diagnosis group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant association of the time duration to the first monitoring exam (P=0.042) and age (P=0.028) with late diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that poor adherence to the AAO guideline, particularly delayed initial monitoring, may be associated with late diagnosis of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.
Biometric description of 34 589 eyes undergoing cataract surgery: sex differences
Authors: Jiménez-García Marta , Segura-Calvo Francisco J. , Puzo Martín , Castro-Alonso Francisco J. ,   on behalf of the UFR-ARCCA Group Zaragoza
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To describe gender differences in the biometric parameters of a large sample of patients with cataract. Cataract surgery has evolved from a vision restoration to a refractive procedure, and population-based studies are vital to optimize normative databases and postsurgical outcomes.

Setting:
Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.

Design:
Retrospective single-center observational study.

Methods:
The study included 34 589 eyes (20 004 patients with cataract). Biometric data were obtained from IOL Master 700 and Pentacam HR. Linear mixed models were used to account for intereye correlation. HofferQST formula was used to calculate the hypothetical distribution of intraocular lens (IOL) power (arbitrary lens; A = 119.2).

Results:
Most biometric variables showed significant differences between sexes (P < .0001), such as 0.53 mm shorter eyes found in females, of which 0.16 mm are explained by shorter aqueous depth. Steeper anterior keratometries (∼0.75 diopter [D]) were found in women, to end up in no difference on anterior astigmatism magnitude, but different orientation (P < .0001). The distribution of IOL power differed between sexes (P < .001), with the interquartile range shifting 1 D toward more powerful lenses in women and odds ratio (power >26 D) = 2.26, P < .0001 (Fisher).

Conclusions:
Large sample size studies provide smaller margin of error, higher power, and controlled risk of reporting false (negative or positive) findings. Highly significant differences between sexes in ocular biometry were found; this supports the idea that including sex as a parameter in IOL calculation should be explored and may improve results. In addition, the distribution of IOL powers was provided, which may be useful for manufacturers and hospital stock planning.
Knowledge mapping of application of image-guided surgery in prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis (2013–2023)
Authors: Zeng Na , Sun Jian-Xuan , Liu Chen-Qian , Xu Jin-Zhou , An Ye , Xu Meng-Yao , Zhang Si-Han , Zhong Xing-Yu , Ma Si-Yang , He Hao-Dong , Wang Shao-Gang , Xia Qi Dong 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Image-guided surgery (IGS) refers to surgery navigated by medical imaging technology, helping doctors better clarify tumor boundaries, identify metastatic lymph nodes and preserve surrounding healthy tissue function. Recent studies have provided expectable momentum of the application of IGS in prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to comprehensively construct a bibliometric analysis of the application of IGS in PCa.

Method:
We searched publications related to application of IGS in PCa from 2013 to 2023 on the web of science core collection (WoSCC) databases. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R package “bibliometrix” were used for bibliometric analysis.

Results:
2, 389 articles from 75 countries and 2, 883 institutions led by the United States were included. The number of publications related to the application of IGS in PCa kept high in the last decade. Johns Hopkins University is the top research institutions. Journal of Nuclear Medicine has the highest popularity as the selection of journal and co-cited journal. Pomper Martin G. had published the most paper. Ali Afshar-Oromieh was co-cited most frequently. The clinical efficacy of PSMA-PET/CT in PCa diagnosis and treatment are main topics in this research field, with emerging focuses on the use of fluorescence imaging guidance technology in PCa. “PSMA” and “PET/CT” are the main keywords as long-term research hotspots.

Conclusion:
This study is the first bibliometric analysis of researches on application of IGS in PCa with 3 recognized bibliometric software, providing an objective description and comprehensive guidance for the future relevant investigations.
Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma—Challenges in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Interpretation
Authors: Stanietzky Nir , Morani Ajaykumar , Surabhi Venkateswar , Jensen Corey , Horvat Natally , Vikram Raghu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mucinous rectal cancer (MRC) is defined by the World Health Organization as an adenocarcinoma with greater than 50% mucin content. Classic teaching suggests that it carries a poorer prognosis than conventional rectal adenocarcinoma. This poorer prognosis is thought to be related to mucin dissecting through tissue planes at a higher rate, thus increasing the stage of disease at presentation. Developments in immunotherapy have bridged much of this prognostic gap in recent years. Magnetic resonance imaging is the leading modality in assessing the locoregional spread of rectal cancer. Mucinous rectal cancer carries unique imaging challenges when using this modality. Much of the difficulty lies in the inherent increased T2-weighted signal of mucin on magnetic resonance imaging. This creates difficulty in differentiating mucin from the adjacent background fat, making the detection of both the primary disease process as well as the locoregional spread challenging. Computed tomography scan can act as a valuable companion modality as mucin tends to be more apparent in the background fat. After therapy, diagnostic challenges remain. Mucin is frequently present, and distinguishing cellular from acellular mucin can be difficult. In this article, we will discuss each of these challenges and present examples of such situations and strategies that can be used to overcome them.
Value of the Air Bronchogram Sign and Other Computed Tomography Findings in the Early Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Jia-Chang , Sheng Jun , Xue Song , Fang Ming , Huang Juan , Chen Zhong-Zhong , Wang Rui-Kai , Han Mei 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
The present study aims to explore the application value of the air bronchogram (AB) sign and other computed tomography (CT) signs in the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Method
The pathological information and CT images of 130 patients diagnosed with N0 and M0 solitary pulmonary nodules (diameter ≤3 cm) and treated with surgical resection in our hospital between June 2021 and June 2022 were analyzed.

Results
The patients were divided into the benign pulmonary nodule (BPN) group (14 cases), the AIS group (30 cases), the MIA group (10 cases), and the IAC group (76 cases). Among the 116 patients with AIS and LUAD, 96 showed an AB sign. Among the 14 patients with BPN, only 4 patients showed an AB sign. The average CT value and maximum diameter were significantly higher in the IAC group than in the AIS and MIA groups. In the BPN group, 5 patients had an average CT value of >80 HU. Among all LUAD-based groups, there was only 1 patient with a CT value of >60 HU.

Conclusions
The identification of the AB sign based on CT imaging facilitates the differentiation between benign and malignant nodules. The CT value and maximum diameter of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules increase with the increase of the malignancy degree. The nodule type, CT value, and maximum diameter are useful for predicting the pathological type and prognosis. If the average CT value of pulmonary nodules is >80 HU, LUAD may be excluded.
Rheumatology High Blood Pressure Protocol Reduces Disparities, But Delays Remain for External Primary Care
Authors: Ferguson Sancia , Hanlon Bret M. , Ramly Edmond , Messina Monica L. , Ibrahim Jennifer , Rake Paul , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: March 2024

Background/Objective
To address high blood pressure (BP) in rheumatology patients, we previously implemented BP Connect, a brief staff-driven protocol to address high BP. Although timely follow-up and hypertension rates improved for patients with in-system primary care (PC), many receive PC and rheumatology care in separate health systems. In this cohort study, we compared rates of timely PC follow-up for high BP across-system health maintenance organizations (HMOs) before and after BP Connect implementation.

Methods
All adult patients with high rheumatology clinic BP and PC in that HMO were eligible. BP Connect's protocol engaged the staff in remeasuring high BP (≥140/90 mm Hg), advising cardiovascular disease risk, and connecting timely PC follow-up, which for patients with PC across system includes written follow-up instructions. After an eligible rheumatology visit, the next HMO PC visit with BP was used to determine rates and odds of timely follow-up before and after using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Across 1327 rheumatology visits with high BP and across-system PC (2013–2019), 951 occurred after 2015 BP Connect implementation; 400 had confirmed high BP. Primary care follow-up rose from 20.5% to 23.5%. The odds of timely PC BP follow-up insignificantly changed (odds ratio, 1.19; confidence interval, 0.85–1.68). For visits with Black patients, the odds of timely follow-up did significantly increase (1.95; confidence interval, 1.02–3.79).

Conclusions
Timely follow-up for Black patients did improve, highlighting protocol interventions for more equitable health care. In contrast to our prior in-system study, BP Connect did not significantly improve follow-up with an across-system PC, indicating a need for direct scheduling. Future directions include piloting direct across-system scheduling.
Predicting the long-term collective behaviour of fish pairs with deep learning
Authors: Papaspyros Vaios , Escobedo Ramón , Alahi Alexandre , Theraulaz Guy , Sire Clément , Mondada Francesco 
Published: March 2024

Modern computing has enhanced our understanding of how social interactions shape collective behaviour in animal societies. Although analytical models dominate in studying collective behaviour, this study introduces a deep learning model to assess social interactions in the fish species
Hemigrammus rhodostomus
. We compare the results of our deep learning approach with experiments and with the results of a state-of-the-art analytical model. To that end, we propose a systematic methodology to assess the faithfulness of a collective motion model, exploiting a set of stringent individual and collective spatio-temporal observables. We demonstrate that machine learning (ML) models of social interactions can directly compete with their analytical counterparts in reproducing subtle experimental observables. Moreover, this work emphasizes the need for consistent validation across different timescales, and identifies key design aspects that enable our deep learning approach to capture both short- and long-term dynamics. We also show that our approach can be extended to larger groups without any retraining, and to other fish species, while retaining the same architecture of the deep learning network. Finally, we discuss the added value of ML in the context of the study of collective motion in animal groups and its potential as a complementary approach to analytical models.