bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early altered directionality of resting brain network state transitions in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: De Waegenaere Sam , van den Berg Monica , Keliris Georgios A. , Adhikari Mohit H. , Verhoye Marleen 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in memory loss and cognitive decline. Synaptic dysfunction is an early hallmark of the disease whose effects on whole-brain functional architecture can be identified using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Insights into mechanisms of early, whole-brain network alterations can help our understanding of the functional impact of AD's pathophysiology.MethodsHere, we obtained rsfMRI data in the TgF344-AD rat model at the pre- and early-plaque stages. This model recapitulates the major pathological and behavioral hallmarks of AD. We used co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis to investigate if and how the dynamic organization of intrinsic brain functional networks states, undetectable by earlier methods, is altered at these early stages.ResultsWe identified and characterized six intrinsic brain states as CAPs, their spatial and temporal features, and the transitions between the different states. At the pre-plaque stage, the TgF344-AD rats showed reduced co-activation of hub regions in the CAPs corresponding to the default mode-like and lateral cortical network. Default mode-like network activity segregated into two distinct brain states, with one state characterized by high co-activation of the basal forebrain. This basal forebrain co-activation was reduced in TgF344-AD animals mainly at the pre-plaque stage. Brain state transition probabilities were altered at the pre-plaque stage between states involving the default mode-like network, lateral cortical network, and basal forebrain regions. Additionally, while the directionality preference in the network-state transitions observed in the wild-type animals at the pre-plaque stage had diminished at the early-plaque stage, TgF344-AD animals continued to show directionality preference at both stages.DiscussionOur study enhances the understanding of intrinsic brain state dynamics and how they are impacted at the early stages of AD, providing a nuanced characterization of the early, functional impact of the disease's neurodegenerative process.
Oral cancer in young adults: should we approach these patients differently?
Authors: Szewczyk Mateusz , Pazdrowski Jakub , Golusiński Paweł , Więckowska Barbara , Golusiński Wojciech 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe influence of age on treatment outcomes in oral cancer is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of oral cancer in adults under age 45 and to compare treatment outcomes by age.MethodsRetrospective study of 284 patients treated for oral cancer from 2010 to 2021. The primary analysis involved the full cohort stratified by age (&lt; vs. ≥ 45y). The second analysis included all patients under age 45 (n=44) matched 1:1 by sex and stage to older patients (age 55-70).ResultsIn the primary analysis, the only significant difference was more comorbidities in the older group (p&lt;0.001). In the matched-pair analysis, older patients were more likely to be smokers (75% vs. 54%; p=0.045) and had more comorbidities (p=0.007). The mean PLR and NLR values were significantly higher in the younger group.ConclusionsNo significant differences were observed between age groups in disease stage or outcomes, suggesting that other variables are more important.
Design and investigation of small-scale long-distance RF energy harvesting system for wireless charging using CNN, LSTM, and reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Yue , Park Hyeong Kwang Benno , Sung Tae Hyun 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The energy supply challenge in wireless charging applications is currently a significant research problem. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel small-scale long-distance radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system that utilizes a hybrid model incorporating CNN, LSTM, and reinforcement learning. This research aims to improve RF energy harvesting and wireless charging efficiency.Method: The methodology of this study involves data collection, data processing, model training and evaluation, and integration of reinforcement learning algorithms. Firstly, RF signal data at different distances are collected and rigorously processed to create training and testing datasets. Next, the CNN-LSTM model is trained using the prepared data, and model performance is enhanced by adjusting hyperparameters. During the evaluation phase, specialized test data is used to assess the accuracy of the model in predicting RF energy harvesting and wireless charging efficiency. Finally, reinforcement learning algorithms are integrated, and a reward function is defined to incentivize efficient wireless charging and maximize energy harvesting, allowing the system to dynamically adjust its strategy in real time.Results: Experimental validation demonstrates that the optimized CNN-LSTM model exhibits high accuracy in predicting RF energy harvesting and wireless charging efficiency. Through the integration of reinforcement learning algorithms, the system can dynamically adjust its strategy in real time, maximizing energy harvesting efficiency and charging effectiveness. These results indicate significant progress in long-distance RF energy harvesting and wireless charging with this system.Discussion: The results of this study validate the outstanding performance of the small-scale long-distance RF energy harvesting system. This system is not only applicable to current wireless charging applications but also demonstrates potential in other wireless charging domains. Particularly, it holds significant prospects in providing energy support for wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile devices.
Effect of strength training with additional acupuncture on balance, ankle sensation, and isokinetic muscle strength in chronic ankle instability among college students
Authors: Chang Shuwan , Tan Yajun , Cheng Liang , Zhou Liping , Wang Bingcheng , Liu Heng 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The effects of the combination of strength training and acupuncture on chronic ankle instability have not been studied. This study examined effects of strength training combined with acupuncture on balance ability, ankle motion perception, and muscle strength in chronic ankle instability among college students.Methods: Forty-six chronic ankle instability college students were randomly categorized into the experimental group (n = 24, strength training + acupuncture) and the control group (n = 22, strength training) for an 8-week intervention.Results: For the results at 8 weeks, compared with the baseline, in the experimental group, the chronic Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score, ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flex, eversion peak torque (60°/s), and plantar flex peak torque (180°/s) increased by 13.7%, 39.4%, 13.7%, 14.2%, and 12.3%, respectively. Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion kinesthetic sensation test angles decreased by 17.4%, 20.6%, 15.0%, and 17.2%, respectively. Anterior–posterior and medial–lateral displacement, and anterior–posterior and medial–lateral velocity decreased by 28.9%, 31.6%, 33.3%, and 12.4%, respectively. Anterior–posterior and medial–lateral displacement, and anterior–posterior and medial–lateral mean velocity decreased by 28.9%, 31.6%, 33.3%, and 12.4%, respectively. In the control group, the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score and the ankle dorsiflexion peak torque (60°/s) increased by 13.8% and 17.9%, respectively. The inversion kinesthetic sensation test angle decreased by 15.2%, whereas anterior–posterior and medial–lateral displacement, and anterior–posterior and medial–lateral mean velocity decreased by 17.1%, 29.4%, 12.3%, and 16.8%, respectively. 2) For the comparison between the groups after 8 weeks, the values of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flex peak torque (60°/s) in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group. The values of ankle plantar flex kinesthetic sensation test angle, the anterior–posterior displacement, and anterior–posterior mean velocity in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment in conjunction with muscle strength training can further improve the balance ability of anterior–posterior, ankle dorsiflexion, and plantar flex strength and plantar flex motion perception in chronic ankle instability participants.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mood and family relationships of runners
Authors: Vilaregut Anna , Abadia Sixte , Pineda-Hernández Sònia , Torras Sònia , Pujadas Xavier 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mood of amateur runners and on their relationships with their partners and families.MethodsAdult runners 18 years or older (N = 260) completed an online survey that included demographic information, standardized psychological assessments of Exercise Dependence (EDS-R) and mood (POMS), and, to measure relationship functioning, either the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) if they did not have children, or the Basic Family Evaluation Questionnaire (CERFB), measuring conjugal and parental relationships. Participants also answered questions about their exercise habits and the coping strategies they adopted during lockdown.ResultsThe results suggest that runners who saw the largest reductions in time spent exercising during lockdown tended to feel significantly less energetic (p &lt; 0.05) and friendly (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, they recorded significantly lower scores in marital satisfaction with their peers (p &lt; 0.05). The runners with a higher degree of dependence on physical exercise registered significantly higher levels of depression, tension and anger than non-dependent runners (p &lt; 0.001). Runners whose partners were physically active and did not have children had significantly higher scores marital satisfaction than runners whose partners were not physically active and had children (p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionThese findings seem to indicate that the psychological approach to athletes in the context of crises such as the pandemic should consider not only individual aspects, but also include the family perspective.
The mediating effect of subject well-being between physical activity and the internet addiction of college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Jinfu , Xu Xue , Wu Qinmei , Zhou Chao , Yang Guan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundInternet addiction poses a significant threat to the health of college students worldwide, but physical activity, as a highly safe and effective rehabilitative measure, has shown promise for alleviating this issue nowadays. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mediating processes in this association remained unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of physical activity on internet addiction among college students and the mediating role of subjective well-being.MethodsA survey was conducted on 216 eligible college students using the physical activity level scale, the internet addiction test, and the subjective well-being scale. For data analysis, independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediating effect tests were in turn carried out in this work.ResultsThe study revealed noteworthy gender disparities in physical activity and internet addiction among college students (β = −0.356, p &lt; 0.01; β = 0.140, p &lt; 0.05). Compared to females, male students manifest elevated levels of physical activity and lower scores in internet addiction. Physical activity and subjective well-being exerted a significantly negative predictive influence on internet addiction (β = −0.162, p &lt; 0.05; β = −0.508, p &lt; 0.001). What’s more, subjective well-being assumed a crucial mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and internet addiction, with the mediating effect accounting for 72.81% of the total effect.ConclusionThis study deepens the understanding of how physical activity reduces internet addiction risk while emphasizing that enhancing subjective well-being is an effective strategy for college students to cope with Internet addiction.
Adapting to climate change-induced flooding: insights from women traders in the riverine areas of Nigeria—a qualitative study
Authors: Michael Turnwait Otu 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn the riverine areas of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, the intersection of climate change and flooding poses an escalating threat to the livelihoods and well-being of women traders. This qualitative study investigates the experiences and adaptive strategies employed by women traders in response to climate change-induced flooding.MethodsEmploying an exploratory research design with purposive sampling, 46 women traders participated in the study, involving 23 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was applied to scrutinize the collected data.ResultsThe study unravels the impacts of climate change-induced flooding on economic, social, and gender dynamics, revealing economic disparities, gender inequality, livelihood disruptions, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to information among women traders. Vulnerabilities emanated from disruptions in supply chains, damage to goods, and constrained market access, with agricultural traders being notably affected. Flood events exacerbated gender inequalities, amplifying caregiving responsibilities and limiting decision-making power for women traders. Resilience surfaced through diversified income sources, community solidarity, collective narratives, and local adaptive strategies, including indigenous knowledge and innovations.DiscussionPolicymakers and stakeholders should prioritize resilient infrastructure investments, such as flood-resistant marketplaces and storage facilities, to safeguard women traders’ businesses during flooding events and enhance the overall economic resilience of the community.
Consensus on a social return on investment model of physical activity and sport: a Delphi study protocol
Authors: Nieto I. , Mayo X. , Davies L. , Reece L. , Strafford B. W. , Jimenez A. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPhysical activity and sport (PAS) have been related to many health outcomes and social benefits. The main aim of this research is to build a Social Return on Investment (SROI) model of PAS based on experts’ opinion to clarify the domains of impact and how to measure and value them.Methods and analysisA Delphi method will be employed with a systematic review on the SROI framework applied to PAS and initial interviews with experts informing the design of the Delphi survey statements. Three iterative rounds of communication with the expert panel will be carried out. Participants will indicate their level of agreement with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. During the second and third iterative rounds, experts will reappraise the statements and will be provided with a summary of the group responses from the panel. A statement will have reached consensus if ≥70% of the panel agree/strongly agree or disagree/strongly disagree after round 3. Finally, group meetings (3–4 experts) will be conducted to ask about the measurement and valuation methods for each domain.DiscussionThe final goal of this project will result in the design of a toolkit for organizations, professionals, and policymakers on how to measure the social benefits of PAS.
Diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion for acute obstructive hydrocephalus from large glomus jugulare tumor: case report
Authors: Shiferaw Mestet Yibeltal , Teklemariam Tsegazeab Laeke , Wondimagegnewu Eyob Zenebe , Gebrewahd Dejen Tekiea , Yesuf Ermias Fikru , Mekuria Bereket Hailu , Abelti Sebboona Baisa 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundGlomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) are rare intra-cranial tumors. Commonly, these lesions present with cranial nerve palsies, headaches, and hydrocephalus. Rarely, GJTs present with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, there has never been a report of diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in a patient who developed hydrocephalus secondary to any brain tumor in general or glomus jugulare tumors in particular.ObservationThe authors presented an extremely rare complication of diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in a 61-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have both clinical and radiologic features of acute obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a highly vascular huge glomus jugulare tumor.ConclusionSubarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for hydrocephalus caused by a mass lesion is an extremely rare complication. Preoperative CT angiography should be strongly considered to look for the associated vascular malformations in extremely vascularized mass lesions. Given the not ubiquitous availability of all therapeutic options for GJTs, especially in low and middle income settings contributes for the poor outcome of GJTs and it fosters a global neurosurgery agenda.
Intensive feeding alters the rumen microbiota and its fermentation parameters in natural grazing yaks
Authors: He Shichun , Yuan Zaimei , Dai Sifan , Wang Zibei , Zhao Shusheng , Wang Rongjiao , Li Qing , Mao Huaming , Wu Dongwang 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAmidst the challenging environmental conditions characterized by low oxygen levels and cold temperatures on the plateau, alterations in nutrient supply emerge as pivotal factors influencing the survival and reproduction of yaks. Intensive feeding stands out as a substantial mechanism for nutrient provision, initiating discernible changes in the host’s rumen flora. Within the extreme natural conditions prevailing in the plateau area of northwest Yunnan, China, there exists a con-strained comprehension of the variations in rumen microflora, fermentation parameters, and growth responses exhibited by yaks subjected to intensive feeding.MethodsThis study employs 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing methods to scrutinize the rumen flora of yaks engaged in both natural grazing (G) and intensive feeding (F) on the plateau.ResultsThe outcomes unveil that, during the severe winter season, yaks adeptly modulate the abundance and diversity of rumen flora in response to dietary modifications under intensive feeding, aiming to optimize the efficient utilization of dietary fiber and energy. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) illustrates a substantial alteration in the rumen microbial community of naturally grazing yaks when exposed to intensive feeding. The natural grazing group manifests a higher prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while the intensive feeding group exhibits heightened levels of Prevotella in the rumen. The Rikenellaceae _ RC9 _ gut_ group, associated with mycobacteria, prevails more abundantly in the natural grazing setting. PICRUSt2 analysis indicates that intensive feeding induces bacterial gene overexpression linked to protein metabolism. Rumen fungi showcase heightened diversity under intensification. Intensive feeding results in an augmented abundance of non-fiber-degrading bacteria and semi-fiber-degrading bacteria, accompanied by elevated concentrations of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA).DiscussionThese findings yield novel insights into the shifts in the rumen microflora of yaks acclimated to intensive feeding in high-altitude environments, provide an important reference for the nutritional regulation of supplemental feeding of natural grazing yaks in the cold season, ultimately contributing to their enhanced growth.
PENGARUH METODE TUTOR SEBAYA MELALUI MODEL INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Suranti Luh , Hasri Hasri , Anwar Muhammad , Ramdani Ramdani 
Published: April 2024

Metode tutor sebaya merupakan salah satu metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik, seperti sulit memahami materi, malu bertanya dan atau meminta bantuan, pada gilirannya berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh metode tutor sebaya menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. Penelitian dilakukan secara daring menggunakan desain posttest only control group design, dan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel kelas XI MIA 5 (kelompok eksperimen) sebanyak 33 orang dan kelas XI MIA 3 (kelas kontrol) sebanyak 35 orang. Variabel bebasnya dengan dan atau tanpa metode tutor sebaya pada model inkuiri terbimbing, variabel terikatnya adalah hasil belajar peserta didik. Data hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai rata- rata hasil belajar peserta didik kelompok ekperimen sebesar 76,71 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 68,44. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney (uji non-parametrik) diperoleh Zhitung = 1,94 dengan taraf signifikan = 0,05 dan diperoleh Ztabel = 1,64. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode tutor sebaya pada model inkuiri terbimbing terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 9 Makassar pada materi pokok kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL IPA BERMUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL BALI PADA TOPIK KLASIFIKASI MATERI DAN PERUBAHANNYA UNTUK SISWA SMP
Authors: Puspawati Ida Ayu Komang , Suardana I Nyoman , Selamet Kompyang 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menganalisis kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keterbacaan modul IPA bermuatan kearifan lokal pada topik klasifikasi materi dan perubahannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Namun, penelitian ini dilakukan hingga tahapan develop. Penilaian validitas meliputi dua orang Ahli Pendidikan IPA. Subjek penelitian ini meliputi lima orang guru IPA dan sepuluh orang peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sukasada. Data yang diperoleh terdiri atas data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif dengan menggunakan instrument pedoman wawancara dan lembar penilaian angket. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut. (1) produk memperoleh skor 1,00 yang tergolong kriteria sangat valid (2) produk memperoleh skor 3,59 yang tergolong kriteria praktis, (3) produk memperoleh skor 3,43 yang tergolong ke dalam kategori terbaca. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian, modul IPA bermuatan kearifan lokal pada topik Klasifikasi Materi dan Perubahannya yang telah dikembangkan berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan layak diuji ke tahap uji efektivitas kelompok besar.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS PADA MATERI EKOLOGI
Authors: Hamidah Rifka , Susiyawati Enny 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi sains dan respon peserta didik setelah penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 26 peserta didik kelas VII A SMP Negeri 2 Sidoarjo. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan tes dan angket dengan instrumen berupa tes literasi sains serta lembar angket respon peserta didik. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah N-Gain dan wilcoxon. Lembar angket respon dianalisis dengan mencari persentase jawaban “Ya”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rata rata N-Gain peserta didik yang diperoleh melalui pretest dan porttest adalah 0,59 dan berkategori sedang. Peserta didik merespon positif terhadap penerapan model Problem Based Learning pada materi ekologi dengan persentase 92,3% kategori sangat baik. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik.