bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crohn’s disease in Wales, 1967–1976; an epidemiological survey based on hospital admissions
Authors: Mayberry J F , Rhodes J , Newcombe R G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
One thousand and ninety-eight patients from Wales were treated in hospital for Crohn’s disease between 1967 and 1976, which gave an overall ‘period prevalence’ for the disease of 40 cases/10(5) of the total population. The data were analysed for each of the 8 counties and for rural as well as urban populations of different sizes. The disease was significantly more common in the urban counties of Gwent and the 3 parts of Glamorgan compared with the remainder of Wales. The highest prevalence was in South Glamorgan (54 cases/10(5)) and the lowest in Dyfed (30/10(5)). There was a relatively small but highly significant difference in the prevalence for urban populations larger than 10 000 (47/10(5)) compared with smaller communities which were chiefly rural (34/10(5)).
Severe hypokalaemia with paralysis induced by small doses of liquorice
Authors: Cumming A M , Boddy K , Brown J J , Fraser R , Lever A F , Padfield P L , Robertson J I 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A patient, who presented with a flaccid quadriplegia due to profound hypokalaemia, is described. Hypokalaemia and myoglobinuria were caused by the ingestion of small amounts of liquorice contained in a laxative preparation. Subsequent controlled administration of small amounts of this preparation induced marked hypokalaemia. This was associated with sodium retention and potassium loss confirming a mineralocorticoid-like action. The sodium retention was associated with suppression of plasma levels of renin and aldosterone.
Opportunities for change in the quantity and fatty-acid composition of carcass and milk fats
Authors: Jollans J L 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Reduction of the amount of fat in carcasses has been in process for many years and will continue in response to consumer demand. With milk and dairy products, however, the demand for fat continues and available technology will only be used if the market changes. Some increase of the polyunsaturated: saturated ratio (P/S) of carcass fat will automatically accompany reduction in quantity of fat, particularly with pigs. Further change is technically possible but might bring consumer resistance and shelf-life problems. With milk fat, the P/S ratio could be increased by the feeding of protected, polyunsaturated oils although such an expensive approach could be avoided by changing the laws on dairy product nomenclature.
Life-threatening Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: McGonigle R , Wagstaff J K 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is common, but it is rarely life-threatening. A case is reported in a previously healthy adult whose illness was severe enough to require treatment with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for 14 days and which resolved after treatment with corticosteroids.
Effect of treatment with cimetidine for one year on gastrin cell and parietal cell function and sensitivity to cimetidine in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers
Authors: Festen H P , Lamers C B , Tangerman A , van Tongeren J H 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Twenty-two duodenal and 16 gastric ulcer patients were treated with 400 mg cimetidine twice daily for one year after their ulcers had healed. No change in gastric acid secretion was observed before and after treatment in 20 duodenal and 13 gastric ulcer patients. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of 200 mg cimetidine on gastric acid secretion was unaltered in 11 duodenal and 6 gastric ulcer patients studied and cimetidine blood concentration were unchanged in 9 duodenal and 4 gastric ulcer patients after one year. In 7 duodenal and 6 gastric ulcer patients the serum gastrin response to a standard test meal before and after treatment was identical.
The patient’s subjective attitude towards screening for breast cancer. Should screening be extended to other forms of cancer?
Authors: Taylor T V , Rimmer S , Forrest A P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A sample of 500 consecutive women without symptoms of breast disease attending a breast screening clinic were investigated regarding their attitude to breast screening and to the extension of the screening programme to other forms of cancer. Attendance at the screening clinic was found to be reassuring by 94.2%, and 96.4% felt that the screening programme should be extended to include other forms of malignancy. There was a history of either respiratory or alimentary tract symptoms, and of smoking, or a family history of cancer in 41% of these women. The study shows that Edinburgh women are enthusiastic for breast screening and for its extension to include other forms of cancer.
Giant ovarian dermoid masked by obesity
Authors: Monk B E , Isaacs A J , Bayliss R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A 37-year-old female, weighing 194.1 kg, is described. Her gross obesity was in part due to a massive ovarian dermoid cyst weighing at least 42 kg, which had been overlooked in the past. A dermoid tumour of this size has not previously been reported. The possible presence of cystic ovarian tumours should be considered in patients presenting with severe generalized obesity.
Chronic Salmonella eimsbuettel septicaemia presenting with intermittent sweats and haematuria
Authors: Lowes J A , Clark A J , Britten K E 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
An unusual presentation is reported of salmonellosis, frank haematuria and chronic septicaemia arising during an outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella eimsbuettel. The patient whose gut was colonized gave a history of chronic pyrexia and weight loss and suffered an intermittent urinary infection but had no gastroenteritis.
Thyroid function tests during carbimazole therapy
Authors: Scott D L , Tymms D J , Taylor M A , Chapman C 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Changes in plasma thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine index (FT4I) and thyroid stimulating hormone were studied in 100 patients with Graves’ disease treated with carbimazole. During therapy plasma T3 concentrations were disproportionately high compared to those of T4, the T4 : T3 ratio was low, and many patients were clinically euthyroid with a normal plasma T3 but low T4 concentration. Although there was considerable individual variation in response, the order of response was always the same with plasma T4 falling to normal or low levels before T3. Plasma T3 was the best indicator of clinical status and the best predictor of the impending change; additional information of changes in thyroid status was obtained from plasma T4 and FT4I estimation, especially when these were followed sequentially. Single measurements of T4 or FT4I only are not recommended for assessing thyroid function during carbimazole therapy.
‘Pulse’ methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide therapy in idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Authors: Friedman G , Granot H , Koplovic Y , Friedlander M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The clinical report of a 31-year-old man who developed acute renal failure due to idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is presented.
Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy in combination with cyclophosphamide resulted in marked improvement in renal function. The literature dealing with pulse therapy is reviewed.
Relationships of the platelet aggregate ratio to serum cholesterol concentration, smoking and age
Authors: Davis James W , Lewis H Daniel , Phillips Phyllis E , Davis Rebecca F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The platelet aggregate ratio has been found to be decreased in some patients with vascular diseases suggesting the presence of increased circulating platelet aggregates. It has also been reported that hypercholesterolaemia is associated with an enhanced response of platelets to aggregating agents in platelet-rich plasma. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine correlation of the platelet aggregate ratio with the serum cholesterol concentration of men with vascular diseases. For 52 men referred because of known or suspected coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or venous thromboembolism, the correlation coefficient of 0·06 suggested that the serum cholesterol concentration within the range observed (135-360 mg/dl) was not a factor influencing the platelet aggregate ratio. There was not a statistically significant difference between the mean platelet aggregate ratios or the mean serum cholesterol concentrations of the 21 non-smokers and the 31 smokers studied. A correlation coefficient of 0·03 between the platelet aggregate ratio and age of the patient suggested that the platelet aggregate ratio was independent of age in men with occlusive vascular diseases.
Anticonvulsant intoxication precipitated by azapropazone
Authors: Roberts C J C , Macfarlane D , Daneshmend T K , Dieppe P A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient is reported who developed a hitherto unrecognized drug interaction between azapropazone and anticonvulsants which led to toxicity with the latter. The mechanism of this interaction is discussed.
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection with group B Streptococcus
Authors: Finnegan O C , Hawkey P M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection is described. This occurred 10 years after splenectomy in an otherwise normal male adult. The infecting organism, β-haemolytic Streptococcus Group B, is usually of low pathogenicity, but in this case caused profound hypotension, jaundice and the shock lung syndrome. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection with this organism has not previously been reported.
Aldosterone-producing microadenoma in a patient with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Kaneshige H , Endoh M , Nomoto Y , Sakai H , Arimori S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 54-year-old patient was found to have an aldosterone-producing microadenoma measuring 2.5 mm in diameter. Although adrenal venography by selective catheterization had failed to demonstrate the tumour, adrenal scintiscan using 131I-19-iodocholesterol accurately localized the functional tumour in the right adrenal gland; a dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintiscan revealed complete suppression of radioactivity in the right adrenal gland. These findings suggest that adrenal scintiscan, together with adrenal vein blood analysis, is capable of detecting a small adenoma before surgery, and that dexamethasone suppression of an adrenal scintiscan does not exclude an adenoma.
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver with membranous glomerulonephritis
Authors: McCulloch A J , Morley A R , Wilkinson R , Lesna M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is an uncommon disorder, the main consequence of which is portal hypertension, hepatocellular decompensation being uncommon. A case associated with membranous glomerulonephritis is reported, in which death was caused by fulminant hepatic failure.
Diabetic ketoalkalosis due to ectopic ACTH production from an oat cell carcinoma
Authors: Pearson D W M , Thomson J A , Kennedy A C , Toner P G , Ratcliffe J G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A diabetic patient is described who presented with the bizarre biochemical association of hyperglycaemia, ketosis and severe alkalosis. Investigation revealed hypercortisolaemia due to ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion from an oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus and post-mortem studies demonstrated clinically unsuspected resolving pancreatitis. a possible mechanism for the metabolic upset is discussed.
Encephalitis and polyneuritis complicating varicella zoster infection
Authors: Twomey J Aidan , Jefferson David 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 70-year-old patient is described who developed symptoms and signs of a Guillain-Barré-type neuropathy and encephalopathy beginning 6 weeks after a cutaneous varicella zoster eruption. The patient made a complete symptomatic recovery over a period of 4 months. It is suggested that the delayed onset neuropathy and encephalopathy in this patient may have been due to an allergic inflammatory response to an antigen common to peripheral and central myelin.
Fatal intrahepatic cholestasis associated with triazolam
Authors: Cobden I , Record C O , White R W B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 44-year-old man developed severe pruritus with jaundice which subsequently proved fatal. Liver histology showed intense cholestasis, but at post-morten the bile ducts were patent and there was no cirrhosis, the findings being consistent with a cholestatic drug reaction. The most likely precipitant was the benzodiazepine triazolam, and surveillance is indicated for any further reactions to this recently marketed hypnotic.
Vascular disease in West Indian and white diabetics in Britain and Jamaica
Authors: Cruickshank J K , Alleyne S A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Cardiovascular complication rates among matched groups of black and white diabetics in England were compared with those among black diabetics in Kingston, Jamaica. Raised or uncontrolled blood pressure (≥ 160/95 mmHg) was common in all groups but diastolic hypertension was more severe in black patients. Despite this, clinical evidence of myocardial ischaemia was significantly more common in whites when compared with blacks in both centres but no such differences were found in peripheral vascular disease. Cataracts were much more frequent, and background retinopathy was slightly although not significantly commoner, in black patients. Complication rates were not correlated with cigarette smoking which was greatest in black men in Birmingham.
The diagnosis and continuous control of hypertension remains a major goal in diabetes.
Ethnic differences in respiratory disease
Authors: Jackson S H D , Bannan L T , Beevers D G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hospital admission statistics from a district general hospital for patients aged 30-59 years over a 6-year period were analysed. There were 40 034 admissions excluding obstetrics. The overall distribution by place of birth was 9·2% West Indies, 13·5% Asia and 71·9% Northern Europe. This distribution was compared with the distributions for 4 groups of respiratory diseases. There were highly significant differences between these distributions for each diagnostic category. Asthma and respiratory tuberculosis were very much more common amongst Asians whilst West Indians suffered very little carcinoma of bronchus or bronchitis. Data collected from a factory screening showed that cigarette smoking could not account for these differences.
Cerebellar cortical degeneration with ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Steven M M , Mackay I R , Carnegie P R , Bhathal P S , Anderson R M 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA case is described of progressive cerebellar degeneration in association with ovarian carcinoma, with nearly 4 years elapsing between the onset of neurological illness and the discovery of the carcinoma. Neither treatment with prednisolone nor surgical removal of the tumour effected any improvement, CAT scanning late in the illness showed marked cerebellar atrophy. Histology at post-mortem showed complete loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The cerebrospinal fluid gave weak binding to multiple neural components in a solid-phase radio-immuno-assay.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum associated with cutaneous neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s disease)
Authors: McGlinchey J J , Santer G J , Haqqani M T 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum in a 29-year-old man with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s disease) is described. As far as can be ascertained, such an association has not been described before.
Tranexamic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hollanders D , Thomson Jean M , Schofield Phillip F 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid was assessed in controlling bleeding in 12 patients with left-sided proctocolitis. The study was designed as a double-blind cross-over trial employing a dose of 4·5 g of tranexamic acid/day together with identical placebo. A statistically significant reduction in rectal bleeding was achieved in 50% of cases with a minimum of side effects. Sigmoidoscopic grading of rectal mucosal appearances was improved. Frequency of diarrhoea and stool consistency were not altered.
Tranexamic acid may have a part to play in the management of selected patients with ulcerative colitis in whom bleeding is difficult to control with orthodox treatment.
Assessment and management of acute asthma in the elderly: a comparison with younger asthmatics
Authors: Petheram Ian S , Jones D A , Collins J V 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Assessment on admission and responses to treatment were studied in 20 patients aged 65 years or over admitted with severe acute exacerbations of asthma and were compared with patients aged 40 years or less who were managed similarly. The elderly asthmatic had less marked tachycardia and pulsus paradoxus compared to the younger group for similar degrees of airways obstruction and arterial blood gas abnormalities. Assessment confined to physical examination would, therefore, have underestimated the severity of their asthma. The rates of improvement in airflow obstruction were similar in both young and old but those elderly patients who had required maintenance oral corticosteroids were less likely to reach their predicted peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) than their peers or younger patients.
Fast growing goitre as the first clinical manifestation of systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Amado J A , Palacios S , Manzanos J , Ondiviela R , Casanova D , Freijanes J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case of systemic amyloidosis presenting as a fast growing goitre is reported. There was neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hepatic, cardiac or renal involvement, in contrast with previously reported cases. Despite large deposits of amyloid in the thyroid the clinical and biochemical studies demonstrated a normal thyroid function.
Oral theophylline in chronic heart failure
Authors: Al-Damluji S , Johnston A , Spurrell R A J , Nathan A W , Banim S O , Camm A J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Theophylline choline 600 mg was given as a single oral dose to nine patients in chronic left ventricular failure due to myocardial dysfunction. Cardiac output, left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) were measured with a pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter for the following 3 hr. Continuous recordings of cardiac rhythm were made throughout the study. Mean cardiac index increased from 1·75 (±0·14 s.e. mean) to 2·04 (±0·11) 1/min/m2 (P&lt;0·02), mean LVFP fell from 27 (±2·4) to 22 (±1·5) mmHg (P&lt;0·01), mean RAP fell from 5 (±1·3) to 3 (±2·0) mmHg (P&lt;0·05) and mean systemic arterial pressure rose from 80 (±3) to 86 (±3·5) mmHg (P&lt;0·05). There were no significant changes in heart rate or systemic vascular resistance; thus the increase in cardiac output was probably due to a positive inotropic effect. Side effects were seen in two patients, both of whom proved to have toxic plasma theophylline concentrations.
This study demonstrated a beneficial acute haemodynamic effect of oral theophylline in chronic cardiac failure.
Chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with haemophilia A
Authors: Mulholland Michael W , Edson J Roger , Delaney John P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two patients with haemophilia A developed chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Because of the increased risk of haemorrhage, splenectomy was recommended. Successful operative management included daily infusions of missing clotting factors with monitoring of blood levels in the postoperative period.
A single dose comparison of a combination of fenoterol and ipratropium aerosols in bronchial asthma
Authors: Lawford P , Palmer K N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Nine patients with reversible obstructive airways disease were studied to compare the bronchodilator response to a combination of fenoterol and ipratropium aerosols with two dose levels of fenoterol alone.
Using a double-blind, cross-over, single dose regime, 200 micrograms fenoterol hydrobromide and 80 micrograms ipratropium bromide was compared to 400 micrograms fenoterol + placebo, and to 200 micrograms fenoterol + placebo.
There was no significant difference between the combination and either dose of fenoterol in terms of peak or duration of response as determined by absolute or percent change in forced expiratory volume in one second, or forced vital capacity, over baseline.
Blood dyscrasias and mianserin
Authors: Adams P C , Robinson A , Reid M M , Vishu M C , Livingston M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Four cases are described in which the drug mianserin was implicated in the development of leucopenia. In one case this was accompanied by fatal aplastic anaemia. In a second, generalized bone marrow depression occurred, although leucopenia was the only clinically significant manifestation. Mianserin may depress bone marrow function and haematological surveillance is appropriate for patients taking this drug.
Abnormalities of gut vessels in Turner’s syndrome
Authors: Reinhart Walter H , Mordasini C , Stäubli M , Scheurer U 
Published: December 2008

SummaryWe describe a 57-year-old patient with Turner’s syndrome, iron deficiency anaemia and intestinal vascular abnormalities. Colonoscopy revealed 2 widely dilated, tortuous veins in the terminal ileum and several smaller ectatic veins and haemangioma-like malformations throughout the colon. Laparotomy for herniotomy showed only minimal vascular abnormalities of the serosal surface. Patients with Turner’s syndrome and anaemia should be checked for these lesions by endoscopy, and conversely, in patients with such lesions, Turner’s syndrome should be considered.
Capillary blood collecting system for glucose determination
Authors: Wiles Philip G , Watkins Peter J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A method of self collection of blood is described for use by diabetic patients unable, or unwilling, to determine their own blood glucose, and for when accurate results are required for research purposes.
A commercially available ‘flask’ capillary blood collecting system can be used to collect 50 microliters blood for glucose determination on a Yellow Springs analyser. The results are accurate when compared to Auto Analyzer (r = 0.988) and are unaffected by storage at 4 degrees C for up to 28 days (r = 0.988). This system is easily available, readily accepted by patients, and the method consumes minimal laboratory time.
Pancreatic polypeptide and calcitonin secretion from a pancreatic tumour-clinical improvement after hepatic artery embolization
Authors: Manche A , Wood S M , Adrian T E , Welbourn R B , Bloom S R 
Published: December 2008

SummaryWe present a case in which plasma pancreatic polypeptide and calcitonin were found to be raised in association with an islet cell tumour of the pancreas and its hepatic metastases. In this patient, no specific endocrine syndrome was found. Therapeutic hepatic artery embolization improved the general health of the patient with no change in plasma pancreatic polypeptide, but a fall in calcitonin.
Metastatic renal carcinoma presenting with profuse haemorrhage at cardiac surgery
Authors: Wood A J , Wood J R , Corrin B , Paneth M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 62-year-old man undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting sustained profuse unexplained haemorrhage during sternal diathermy before sternotomy. Histology of tissue from the sternum suggested metastatic renal carcinoma. A primary renal tumour was subsequently identified. Sternal metastases are rare, often highly vascular, and arise particularly from thyroid or renal tumours. In the absence of angiographic evidence of an eroding aortic aneurysm, sternal metastases represent the most likely cause of unexplained haemorrhage during sternotomy.