bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the revised electronic version of RUCAM for diagnosis of DILI in Chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Xinyan , Wang Yan , Lai Rongtao , Wang Xiaojin , Yu Yuecheng , Li Min , Zhao Hong , Ma Zikun , Li Mengqi , Guo Tiantian , Han Xiao , Meng Yao , Zhang Mengmeng , Su Yu , Hao Kunyan , Deng You , Kong Yuanyuan , Li Zhenyu , Xie Qing , Xie Wen , Chen Chengwei , Jia Jidong 
Published: March 2024

Background & Aims:
The Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method (RECAM), a computerized update of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Methodology (RUCAM), was recently proposed. In this study, we validated and compared the utility of the RECAM and RUCAM in Chinese patients with a single conventional or herbal agent-induced liver injury.

Methods:
In this retrospective multicenter cohort of well-established DILI and non-DILI patients from 5 centers in China, the diagnostic performance of the RUCAM and RECAM was compared by AUC analysis. The consistency was evaluated by weighted kappa. The major causes of discrepancy were explored.

Results:
A total of 481 DILI and 100 non-DILI patients were included. In total, 62.6% of the DILI cases were induced by conventional agents, and 37.4% were induced by herbs. The RECAM had relatively higher AUC than RUCAM for overall [0.947 (0.926–0.964) vs. 0.867 (0.836–0.893), p=0.0016], conventional agents [0.923 (0.890–0.949) vs. 0.819 (0.775–0.858), p=0.0185], and herbs [0.972 (0.941–0.989) vs.0.911 (0.866–0.944), p=0.0199]. Latency, scores associated with hepatitis B, and hepatotoxicity information of the insulting drugs were the 3 main causes for the inconsistency between RECAM and RUCAM scores.

Conclusions:
The RECAM had relatively better diagnostic performance than RUCAM, with a higher AUC for Chinese DILI patients. Timely updates of the LiverTox category and refinement of serum markers to exclude hepatitis B activity would further improve the applicability of RECAM in areas where the use of herbs and resolution of past HBV infections are common.
Nationwide Update on Prevalence of Falls, Injurious Falls, Concerns About Falling, and Fall Prevention in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abou Libak , McCloskey Chloe , Wernimont Cory , Fritz Nora E. , Kratz Anna L. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to estimate the current nationwide prevalence of falls, injurious falls, concerns about falling, and information on fall prevention among people with multiple sclerosis.

Design
This is a cross-sectional national web-based survey that included 965 adult people with multiple sclerosis. Participants self-reported falls and injurious falls experienced in the past 6 months. Participants also provided information on their concerns about falling and information on fall prevention received.

Results
A total of 56% reported falling in the past 6 months. The prevalence of falls at the population level ranges between 53% and 59%. Most falls occur inside of participants’ homes (68%). About 30% of fallers reported an injurious fall. Most respondents, 87% expressed being concerned about falling and 68% reported they had cut down on activities due to their concerns about falling. Among participants who received information about falling (64%), only 9% received a formal fall prevention course.

Conclusions
Despite advances in falls research over the last decades, falling continues to be a highly prevalent problem for people with multiple sclerosis. About one-third of those falls result in injuries. Concerns about falling among fallers and nonfallers affect the performance of daily activities and independence. Few people receive a formal falls prevention education or training.
Self-organization of embryonic stem cells into a reproducible embryo model through epigenome editing
Authors: Lodewijk Gerrald A. , Kozuki Sayaka , Han Clara , Topacio Benjamin R. , Zargari Abolfazl , Lee Seungho , Knight Gavin , Ashton Randolph , Qi Lei S. , Shariati S. Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-organizein vitrointo developmental patterns with spatial organization and molecular similarity to that of early embryonic stages. This self-organization of ESCs requires transmission of signaling cues, via addition of small molecule chemicals or recombinant proteins, to induce distinct embryonic cellular fates and subsequent assembly into structures that can mimic aspects of early embryonic development. During natural embryonic development, different embryonic cell types co-develop together, where each cell type expresses specific fate-inducing transcription factors through activation of non-coding regulatory elements and interactions with neighboring cells. However, previous studies have not fully explored the possibility of engineering endogenous regulatory elements to shape self-organization of ESCs into spatially-ordered embryo models. Here, we hypothesized that cell-intrinsic activation of a minimum number of such endogenous regulatory elements is sufficient to self-organize ESCs into early embryonic models. Our results show that CRISPR-based activation (CRISPRa) of only two endogenous regulatory elements in the genome of pluripotent stem cells is sufficient to generate embryonic patterns that show spatial and molecular resemblance to that of pre-gastrulation mouse embryonic development. Quantitative single-cell live fluorescent imaging showed that the emergence of spatially-ordered embryonic patterns happens through the intrinsic induction of cell fate that leads to an orchestrated collective cellular motion. Based on these results, we propose a straightforward approach to efficiently form 3D embryo models through intrinsic CRISPRa-based epigenome editing and independent of external signaling cues. CRISPRa-Programmed Embryo Models (CPEMs) show highly consistent composition of major embryonic cell types that are spatially-organized, with nearly 80% of the structures forming an embryonic cavity. Single cell transcriptomics confirmed the presence of main embryonic cell types in CPEMs with transcriptional similarity to pre-gastrulation mouse embryos and revealed novel signaling communication links between different embryonic cell types. Our findings offer a programmable embryo model and demonstrate that minimum intrinsic epigenome editing is sufficient to self-organize ESCs into highly consistent pre-gastrulation embryo models
Enhancing Gastrodin Production in Yarrowia lipolytica by Metabolic Engineering
Authors: Wu Yuanqing , Li Shuocheng , Sun Baijian , Guo Jingyi , Zheng Meiyi , Li Aitao 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTGastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, has been widely used in the treatment of neurogenic and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, gastrodin biosynthesis has been achieved in model microorganisms. However, the production levels are insufficient for industrial applications. In this study, we successfully engineered a Yarrowia lipolytica strain to overproduce gastrodin through metabolic engineering. Initially, the engineered strain expressing the heterologous gastrodin biosynthetic pathway, which comprises chorismate lyase, carboxylic acid reductase, phosphopantetheinyl transferase, endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases, and a UDP-glucose dependent glucosyltransferase, produced 1.05 g/L of gastrodin from glucose in a shaking flask. Then, the production was further enhanced to 6.68 g/L with a productivity of 2.23 g/L/day by over-expressing the key node DAHP synthases of the shikimate pathway and alleviating the native tryptophan and phenylalanine biosynthetic pathways. Finally, the best strain, Gd07, produced 13.22 g/L of gastrodin in a 5-L fermenter. This represents the highest reported production of gastrodin in an engineered microorganism to date, marking the first successful de novo production of gastrodin using Y. lipolytica.Abstract Figure
X-ray-induced atomic transitions via machine learning: A computational investigation
Authors: Budewig Laura , Son Sang-Kil , Jurek Zoltan , Abdullah Malik Muhammad , Tropmann-Frick Marina , Santra Robin 
Published: March 2024

Intense x-ray free-electron laser pulses can induce multiple sequences of one-photon ionization and accompanying decay processes in atoms, producing highly charged atomic ions. Considering individual quantum states during these processes provides more precise information about the x-ray multiphoton ionization dynamics than the common configuration-based approach. However, in such a state-resolved approach, extremely huge-sized rate-equation calculations are inevitable. Here we present a strategy that embeds machine-learning models into a framework for atomic state-resolved ionization dynamics calculations. Machine learning is employed for the required atomic transition parameters, whose calculations possess the computationally most expensive steps. We find for argon that both feedforward neural networks and random forest regressors can predict these parameters with acceptable, but limited accuracy. State-resolved ionization dynamics of argon, in terms of charge-state distributions and electron and photon spectra, are also presented. Comparing fully calculated and machine-learning-based results, we demonstrate that the proposed machine-learning strategy works in principle and that the performance, in terms of charge-state distributions and electron and photon spectra, is good. Our work establishes a first step toward accelerating the calculation of atomic state-resolved ionization dynamics induced by high-intensity x rays.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Beyond boundaries: exploring the Metaverse in tourism
Authors: Chen Zhisheng 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the engagement gap between Metaverse and in-person travel, the influence of Metaverse tourism on tourists and the industry and the challenges and responses associated with Metaverse technology. The study presents practical cases and highlights the implications of this research for practice, society and future research.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a literature review to explore concerns about Metaverse technology in tourism. It analyzes the difference between in-person travel and Metaverse tourism, the impact on tourists and the industry and challenges and responses to Metaverse. The review shows a rising trend in Metaverse tourism research.

Findings
These findings suggest differences between Metaverse tourism and in-person travel. By providing personalized travel options, social interaction, immersive experiences and soliciting visitor feedback, it is possible to enhance the tourist experience. Additionally, the study highlights the opportunities and challenges that Metaverse tourism presents to the tourism industry. The study provides practical cases in the tourism industry and implications for practice, society and future research.

Practical implications
The study’s implications for Metaverse tourism are practical, societal and future research-related. Metaverse technology can enhance the tourist experience through personalized options, social interaction, immersive experiences and feedback. This inclusivity can promote social equity and cultural exchange. Further research is needed to explore the social effects of Metaverse tourism and its long-term impacts on local communities, economies and the environment.

Originality/value
This study contributes by exploring the impact of Metaverse tourism, supporting academic research and practice. It fills a knowledge gap by analyzing the application of Metaverse technology in tourism, providing insights for researchers and practitioners. It offers practical guidance by identifying opportunities and challenges in Metaverse tourism, fostering industry innovation. Additionally, it informs policymakers about the impact of Metaverse tourism on development.
Cultural orientation and knowledge: the effects on the Hispanic American whistleblower
Authors: Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra , Martinez-Conesa Isabel , Flach Leonardo , Santos Edicreia Andrade dos 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the relationships between cultural orientation and normative knowledge, in a direct and moderate way, on the whistleblowing intentions of accountants from Hispanic American countries.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used responses from a sample of 410 accountants, preparers and auditors of financial statements from Hispanic American countries. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests and structural equations with partial least squares algorithm were applied for data analysis.

Findings
The results emphasized the cultural positioning of horizontality, in which an individual perceives themselves as equals to their colleagues, allowing discussions on various aspects of individual behavior. The knowledge variable is proved to be important in explaining the intention to report and can also moderate the influence of cultural variables on intentions.

Practical implications
These findings contribute to the literature by offering a clearer definition the normative knowledge variable, and to organizations, which can explore the research’s evidence to improve their training and qualification programs, thereby generating significant knowledge for their employees.

Originality/value
Whistleblowing is the main tool for identifying organizational frauds, but it is differently perceived in several cultural contexts. The results demonstrated the ethical cultural positioning of these Hispanic American professionals in relation to cultural aspects of other countries. Some studies highlight knowledge as a relevant factor in the organizational environment, but this study innovates by testing and demonstrating its impact on whistleblowing and culture.
Decoding the complexity of the Brazilian pork supply chain
Authors: Link Camila Paulus , Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , Foguesatto Cristian Rogério , Neckel Alcindo , Bucior Lucas , Zanella Cleunice , Casagranda Yasmin Gomes , de Vargas Mores Giana 
Published: March 2024

Purpose This research examines the impact of governance structures within the Brazilian pork supply chain on the necessary controls for exportation. Specifically, the goal is to unravel the intricacies of this supply chain and decode its complexity.Design/methodology/approach Using transaction cost economics as a theoretical lens, we surveyed the main bodies responsible for the export and quality assurance sectors of Brazilian organizations that trade and export pork. Our sample comprises 53.5% of the country’s pork exporting companies during the period analyzed.Findings The presence of vertical and horizontal governance structures in the pork export chain stands out. While the vertical structure enables greater control due to command relations, there are trust and cooperation relations in the horizontal structure. This makes it possible to establish mechanisms to control health, quality, safety and traceability in both structures. We also identified each company’s characteristics: formation configuration (if the cooperative, publicly traded company, or other modality), capital stock, location, the average daily slaughter of pigs for export and sows per producer. We conclude that the organizations have concerns related to the food safety programs, as there are programs that seek transparency throughout the process in many supply chain stages.Research limitations/implications Studies that relate the level of orientation to the export market with the occurrence or risk of corrupt and opportunistic behavior and the coordination mechanisms adopted may represent an interesting and important opportunity for studies.Originality/value This study helps to understand the complexity of the Brazilian pork supply chain.
Protecting wild bird nests against predators: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of non‐lethal methods
Authors: Gautschi Daniel , Čulina Antica , Heinsohn Robert , Stojanovic Dejan , Crates Ross 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Implementing effective, affordable and ethical conservation management will be crucial for minimising future biodiversity losses. Such management requires reliable foundational evidence to help managers make informed choices about how to address the needs of their target species. Unfortunately, such evidence is still lacking for many species and management scenarios.

One major global challenge is improving the reproductive success of threatened species in the context of predation. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of in situ experiments that used non‐lethal methods to protect bird nests against predators, with the aims of summarising global trends in nest protection efforts, comparing the effectiveness of different protection measures and informing future research and management. We considered peer‐reviewed studies in English.

We detected a large geographic and taxonomic bias in the evidence base with 58% of articles conducted in North America and 76% on ground‐nesting birds. Less than 3% of articles involved taxa listed as Endangered or Critically Endangered and 51% of study units lasted just a single breeding season.

Nests protected with exclosures, fences and guards were more likely to be successful than their unprotected controls. Interventions involving deterrents, conditioned taste aversion, chemical camouflage and diversionary feeding did not have a significant positive effect on nest success, but the interventions in these categories were less common and more diverse in nature.

Synthesis and applications. To increase their conservation value, future non‐lethal nest protection experiments should whenever possible clearly state overall aims, take place over multiple seasons, use a comparable control and test non‐lethal protection methods independently of lethal predator control. Greater focus is required on under‐studied taxa such as cup‐nesting songbirds and birds in South America, Africa and Asia, and novel protection techniques such as deterrents and chemical camouflage. Practitioners should consider the evidence we synthesise here when deciding whether non‐lethal nest protection approaches are optimal for their study system, to increase conservation success and reduce ethical and financial costs.
Validity and reliability of a needs analysis questionnaire for the development of a creativity module
Authors: Govindasamy Parthiban , Cumming Therese M. , Abdullah Noraini 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the acknowledged importance of integrating creativity into school curricula, students with learning disabilities often lack the skill of creativity, due to its absence in classroom instruction. To address these gaps, the authors developed a needs analysis questionnaire assessing the necessity of a creativity module for primary school students with learning disabilities, focusing on Torrance's four creativity elements: (a) Originality, (b) Fluency, (c) Flexibility, and (d) Elaboration. This study, emphasizing content validity and reliability testing, comprised rigorous validation by a panel of nine special education experts, resulting in high content validity scores. In Part II, all items were accepted, yielding an overall S‐CVI score of 0.97, indicating a ‘very suitable’ construct. In Part III two items were rejected; the overall S‐CVI score remained at 0.80, signifying ‘very suitable’. A pilot test with 30 special education teachers demonstrated Cronbach's Alpha values 0.87, indicating high reliability for all questionnaire parts. The study emphasizes the questionnaire's efficacy in assessing teachers' understanding of creativity skills and their perspectives on the importance of a customized creativity module. This tool holds substantial potential for educators and curriculum developers, providing insights to address specific student needs, foster creativity in classrooms and enhance overall educational experiences.
Assessing the inconsistency of microplastic measurements in foods and beverages
Authors: Canga Emine Merve , Gowen Aoife , Xu Jun‐Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the food chain has gained substantial recognition as a pressing concern, highlighting the inevitability of human exposure through ingestion of foodborne MPs, coupled with the release of MPs from plastic packaging. However, there are notable disparities in the reported numbers of MPs in foods and beverages, warranting a thorough investigation into the factors contributing to these discrepancies. Table salt is one of the major sources of MPs, and there was an approximately hundred‐fold difference between the reviewed studies that reported the highest and lowest number of MPs. In addition, more noticeable discrepancies were discovered between studies on MPs released from teabags. One study reported that approximately 15 billion MPs were released into a cup of tea from a single teabag, whereas another research paper found only approximately 106.3 ± 14.6 MP/teabag after brewing. This comprehensive review focuses on the inconsistencies observed across studies examining MPs, shedding light on the plausible factors underlying these variations. Furthermore, the review outlines areas in analytical procedures that require enhancement and offers recommendations to promote accuracy and standardization in future research efforts, such as employing analytical methods capable of confirming the presence of MPs, using appropriate filter sizes, considering representative sample sizes when extrapolation is involved, and so on. By pinpointing the detection processes leading to the inconsistent results observed in MP studies, this comparative analysis will contribute to the development of reliable analytic methods for understanding the extent of microplastic contamination in the human food chain.