bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot corrosion of a plasma sprayed Ni3Al coating on a Ni‐base superalloy
Authors: Singh H. , Puri D. , Prakash S. , Ghosh T. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNi3Al metallic powder was prepared by the mechanical mixing of pure nickel and aluminium powders and deposited on a Ni‐base superalloy namely Superni 75 by the shrouded plasma spray process. Hot corrosion behaviour of Ni3Al coated and uncoated superalloy specimens was evaluated in a simulated environment of fossil fuel boilers comprising of Na2SO4–60%V2O5by accelerated corrosion tests. The accelerated testing was done under cyclic conditions for 50 cycles, with each cycle consisting of 1 h heating in the silicon carbide furnace and cooling for 20 min in air. The coated superalloy was also subjected to air oxidation for 50 cycles to get an idea about its oxidation behaviour and adherence of the Ni3Al coating and its oxide scale with the substrate superalloy. The oxide scales were characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDAX) analyses and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The uncoated superalloy suffered an accelerated corrosion in the form of spallation of its oxide scale, whereas the oxide scale formed on the Ni3Al coated specimen was intact during the air as well as the molten salt oxidation. Furthermore, the coating was found successful in preventing the internal oxidation of the substrate superalloy. The coating maintained its adherence to the substrate superalloy during the exposure to both the environments of the study. The XRD analysis revealed the presence of oxides like Al2O3, NiO and NiAl2O4in the oxide scale of the coated superalloy. The XRD results were further supported by the SEM/EDAX and EPMA analyses.
Selectively Dendronized Cellulose: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Pohl Matthias , Schaller Jens , Meister Frank , Heinze Thomas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSelectively dendronized cellulose at C‐6 was synthesized homogeneously (in DMSO) and heterogeneously (in methanol) by the conversion of 6‐azido‐6‐deoxy cellulose (degree of substitution, DS 0.75) with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrons possessing an ethynyl focal moiety via the copper‐catalyzed Huisgen reaction (click reaction) under mild conditions. First to third generation of PAMAM‐triazolo cellulose derivatives with DS values of up to 0.69 could be prepared, which are soluble in organic solvents (DMSO, DMF) and in water. The novel biopolymer derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopic methods, showing no impurities and no conversion at the secondary positions.magnified image
First‐principles calculations of the mechanical properties of boron‐rich compounds B12N2X (X = Be, Zn, Cd)
Authors: Gou Huiyang , Hou Li , Zhang Jingwu , Sun Guifang , Gao Lihua , Gao Faming 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing first‐principles calculations, we have investigated the mechanical properties (bulk, shear, and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio, and brittleness) of boron‐rich compounds B12N2X (X = Be, Zn, Cd) with the boron carbide‐type structure. The higher shear modulus, 221 GPa for B12N2Be, and the unusual ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus suggest that the boron‐rich compound B12N2Be is a superhard material. The ionicity of B–X bonds increases with the introduction of metal atoms from Be to Zn to Cd. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tribological interactions between DLC coatings and lubricants
Authors: Podgornik B. , Vizintin J. , Strnad S. , Stana‐Kleinschek K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the last couple of years a tremendous research work has been done in the field of development and characterization of hard coatings, mainly to boost their use in machine component applications working under normal and extreme operating conditions. Generally, hard coatings improve tribological properties of contact surfaces under dry sliding, while under lubricated conditions their inertness hinder the possibility of boundary film formation. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the interactions between diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings and lubricants, and possible tribofilm formation in different tribological contacts. Therefore, relationships between surface properties (i.e. surface tension, surface free energy, contact angle) and tribological properties of the lubricated DLC coated contact, as well as the influence of oil additive type and concentration and contact conditions will be presented. It is believed that this type of knowledge will lead to further coatings modification in terms of improved tribological properties under boundary lubrication. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The estimation of a bivariate fitness function from two samples taken from a population
Authors: Manly B. F. J. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe fitness of animals subjected to natural selection can be defined as the probability of surviving selection for a given interval of time, or some convenient multiple of this. If the fitness is related to some measurable variablesX, Y, Z,… then the relationship is expressed mathematically in the fitness functionw(x, y, z,…)and this function can be estimated by comparing the joint distribution ofX, Y, Z,… in samples taken before and after selection.In an earlier paper (Manly, 1975) the problems involved in estimating a fitness function of one variable were discussed. In the present paper various methods for estimating a bivariate fitness function are proposed and compared on some semiartificial sample data. It is concluded that either a generalized version ofO'Donald's(1968) method of moments or a weighted multiple regression method will be most satisfactory. Alternative methods involving assumptions of normality will need to be used with great care.
A further note on Kiritani and Nakasuji's model for stage‐frequency data including comments on the use of Tukey's jackknife technique for estimating variances
Authors: Manly B. F. J. 
Published: November 2007

SummarySome general equations for stage‐frequency estimation are presented and their applications discussed.Tukey's(1958) jackknife technique is suggested for the calculation of the approximate variances associated with estimators of population parameters.
Maternal age as a source of variation in the ability of an aphid to produce dispersing forms
Authors: MacKay Patricia A. , Wellington W. G. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryApterous parthenogentic females of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), begin to produce alate offspring soon after they have been subjected to crowding. Females which were born early in their own parent's reproductive period respond most strongly to crowding, producing much larger numbers of alatae than their late‐born sisters.In contrast, the early‐born daughters of most alate females do not produce winged offspring after being crowded. Some of their later‐born sisters may produce a few winged individuals, resembling in this respect the late‐born daughters of the apterous females.Control of the production of alatae thus begins in the grandparental generation. Risk‐spreading by means of differential dispersal becomes a less uncertain venture when local populations can modify their responses to environmental changes by utilizing past as well as present signals from their surroundings.
Quantitative demography of copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix (Serpentes: Viperidae)
Authors: Vial James L. , Berger Thomas L. , McWilliams William T. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA quantitative analysis of population characteristics is applied to a previously published descriptive natural history of the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix).Mathematical applications have permitted an expanded interpretation of the original field data to a number of dynamic, age‐specific, parameters including life tables, survivorship curves, natality and mortality, rate of population increase, age distribution and reproductive value. Similar data available for other snake populations are meager and only limited comparisons can be made.The results obtained from our procedures firmly establish the value of reexamining the existing herpetological literature for potential application of methods that will generate quantitative expressions of population dynamics.
Maternal mortality surveillance in Jamaica
Authors: McCaw‐Binns A. , Lindo J.L.M. , Lewis‐Bell K.N. , Ashley D.E.C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo assess factors associated with under‐reporting of maternal deaths from 1998, when maternal deaths became a Class I notifiable event in Jamaica and continuous maternal mortality surveillance was introduced, through 2003.MethodsThe number of deaths notified was compared with the number of independently identified deaths for each period and region studied, and key informants reported on their experience of the surveillance process.ResultsBy 2000, approximately 80% of maternal deaths were reported, and was more consistent in 2 of the 4 regions. In these 2 regions someone was responsible for active surveillance and there was an established maternal mortality committee to review cases. Factors associated with nonreporting were no postmortem examination, death in the first trimester of pregnancy, and time interval between pregnancy termination and death. The surveillance staff requested guidelines on monitoring interregional transfers and technical assistance in developing action plans.ConclusionActive hospital surveillance must include all wards, including the emergency department. Community surveillance should include forensic pathologists. National leadership is needed to summarize trends, address policy, and provide technical assistance to the surveillance staff.
Effect of two doses of a mixture of soluble fibres on body weight and metabolic variables in overweight or obese patients: a randomised trial
Authors: Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Farrés Xavier , Luque Xavier , Narejos Silvia , Borrell Manel , Basora Josep , Anguera Anna , Torres Ferran , Bulló Mònica , Balanza Rafel ,   for the Fiber in Obesity-Study Group
Published: November 2007

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the administration of a mixture of fibres on body weight-loss, satiety, lipid profile and glucose metabolism. We included 200 overweight or obese patients in a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, who were randomised to receive, in the context of an energy-restricted diet for a period of 16 weeks, a mixed fibre dose (3 gPlantago ovatahusk and 1 g glucomannan) twice (b.i.d. group) or three times daily (t.i.d. group) or placebo. Weight change was the primary efficacy endpoint. Satiety, dietary compliance, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were secondary endpoints. Weight loss tended to be higher after both doses of fibre ( − 4·52 (sd0·56) and − 4·60 (sd0·55) kg) than placebo ( − 0·79 (sd0·58) kg); the differences in changes between groups were not statistically significant. Postprandial satiety increased in both fibre groups compared to the placebo. The differences between groups in LDL-cholesterol levels were significant (P = 0·03), with greater reductions in the two fibre-supplemented groups ( − 0·38 (sd0·10) and − 0·24 (sd0·09) mmol/l in the b.i.d. and t.i.d. groupsv.− 0·06 (sd0·09) mmol/l in placebo group). A similar pattern was observed for changes in total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol:LDL-cholesterol ratios. Interventions were well tolerated and had no effects on HDL-cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose tolerance or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In conclusion, a 16-week dietary supplement of soluble fibre in overweight or obese patients was well tolerated, induced satiety and had beneficial effects on some CVD risk factors, the most important of which was a significant decrease in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations.
ASSOCIATION OF GOLGI MEMBRANES WITH LIPID DROPLETS (PRE‐CHYLOMICRONS) FROM WITHIN INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS DURINC ABSORPTION OF FAT
Authors: Redgrave TG 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIntracellular lipid droplets (“pre‐chylomicrons”) have heen isolated from intestinal epitliclial cells of ruts which had heen fed fat. Techniques were used which prevented contamination hy chylomicrons or digestion products. The pre‐chylomicrons differed in composition from chyloimicrons in several ways. They contained more free fatty acid, more free cholesterol and more protein, and the phospholipid complement was different from chylomicrons.The extra protein associated with pre‐chylomicrons was membranous; histocheinical, hiochemical and isotopic evidence indicated that it was derived from Golgi memhrane. It is proposed that the Golgi apparatus is concerned with transport of fat particles out of the absorptive cell to form chylomicrons in intestinal lymph.
RESISTANCE OF MICE TO EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOUR AFTER IMMUNISATION WITH LIVE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS 11RX
Authors: Hardy D , Kotlarski Ieva 
Published: November 2007

SummaryImmunisation of mice with live Salmonella enteritidis 11RX produces increased resistance to challenge with Ehrlich ascites tumour cells from 4 to at least 60 days after immunisation. The increase in resistance persists after reticulo‐endothelial system activity, as measured by carbon clearance, has returned to normal.
VARIANTS IN HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN AND CAERULOPLASMIN IN POPULATIONS FROM AUSTRALIA, NEW GUINEA, SOUTH AFRICA AND INDIA
Authors: McDermid EM 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA survey of serum albumin and caeruloplasmin variants in populations of Australian Aborigines, Australian Caucasian, South African Bantu, Indians and New Cuinea indigenes has been carried out.One serum albumin variant in 595 samples from New Cuinea was detected. The variant phenotype contained a band migrating more rapidly than normal phenotype but more slowly than the Albumin Naskapi. It is provisionally identified as Albumin New Cuinea in accordance with the usage of Weitkamp, Shreffler and Saave (1969). No serum albumin variants were found in the other populations sampled.Caeruloplasmin variation was common amongst Bantu, rare amongst Aborigines and absent in Indians, Caucasians and New Guinea indigenes. The frequency of the CpA gene was 0·035 in Bantu and 0·002 in Aborigines.
THE EFFECTS OF SHAM SMOKING AND TOBACCO SMOKING ON HAND BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Ludbrook J , Vincent Annette H , Walsh JA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe changes in hand blood flow induced by sham smoking and tobacco smoking were studied in 15 normal subjects. The data were analysed by techniques that took full account of intra‐ and inter‐subject variance. A reduction of 16‐27% was observed during tobacco smoking, with little difference between an inhalation rate of one or three per minute. No significant fall in hand blood flow occurred during sham smoking. Similarly, a tachycardia was induced by tobacco smoking but not sham smoking. Our results indicate a specific effect of tobacco smoke even at the usual inhalation rate of one per minute.
FAILURE TO INDUCE AUTOIMMUNITY IN MICE WITH ENDOTOXIN
Authors: Cox KO , Keast D 
Published: November 2007

SummaryProlonged immunisation of mice with endotoxin‐coated syngeneic erythrocytes provoked strong immunity against endotoxin. Endotoxin‐coated, 51Cr‐labelled syngeneic erythrocytes were cleared faster in immunised mice compared with unimmunised mice. The clearance of allogeneic erythrocytes was unchanged. There was no autoimmune response against syngeneic erythrocytes as measured by direct Coombs’ tests and in vivo survival studies of 51Cr‐labelled erythrocytes.
AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN THE INCORPORATION OF [14C]LEUCINE INTO MYOFIBRILLAR AND SARCOPLASMIC PROTEINS OF RED AND WHITE MUSCLES OF CHICKS
Authors: Narayanan N , Eapen Jacob 
Published: November 2007

SummaryStudies on the incorporation of DL‐[1‐14C] leucine into myosin, total myofibrillar protein and total sarcoplasmic protein have shown agedependent alterations in the rate of synthesis of these proteins in red and white skeletal muscles of chicks. During the early phase of ex ovo development white muscle synthesizes significantly higher amounts of myofibrillar proteins, especially myosin, in comparison with red muscle. The rate of sarcoplasmic protein synthesis in red and white muscles one day after hatching is almost identical. The red muscle shows a markedly higher rate of sarcoplasmic protein synthesis from 10 days after hatching. The incorporation of amino acid into various protein fractions of both the muscle types decreases with advancing age. In adult chicks red muscle displays a higher ability to synthesize sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins.
A RECEPTOR ASSAY FOR SOMATOMEDIN‐LIKE ACTIVITY USING MULTIPLICATION‐STIMULATING ACTIVITY (MSA) AS RADIOLIGAND
Authors: Brinsmead MW , Liggins GC 
Published: November 2007

SummaryMultiplication‐stimulating activity (MSA) in the medium of cultured rat liver cells was purified 120‐fold by chromatography on Dowex 50W and Sephadex G 50. MSA was labelled with 125I‐iodine and bound to a human placental membrane receptor. An assay for somatomedin‐like receptor activity (SmLRA) in unextracted serum was based on the displacement of 125I‐MSA from the placental receptor. The mean λ (precision) was 0·063, sensitivity was < 0·006 SmLRA units and interassay variation was 18%. The mean (± S.D.) SmLRA concentrations in 13 normal subjects, 7 growth hormone deficient patients and 8 patients with active acromegaly were 0·86 ± 0·19, 0·34 ± 0·08 and 2·34 ± 0·82 U/ml, respectively.This assay may have potential clinical application in disorders of growth hormone secretion.
THE MUCOSA‐ASSOCIATED MICROFLORA OF THE RAT INTESTINE:
Authors: Phillips M , Lee Adrian , Leach WD 
Published: November 2007

SummarySpecimens of intestinal mucosa of rats were examined closely to determine the distribution of the mucosa‐associated microbial flora. Six distinct zones were found along the length of the intestinal tract. The first zone, in the small intestine 50 cm or more from the ileocaecal junction, had no associated flora; however, each of the five other zones had different populations of microorganisms associated with the mucosa. Some of these organisms have not been reported previously. Treatment of rats with oral doses of the purgative magnesium sulphate resulted in dramatic changes in the distribution of these mucosa‐associated microorganisms. The normal flora of ileal and caecal crypts disappeared, while the organisms in colonic crypts were unchanged. Large numbers of mucosa‐associated bacteria appeared in the stools of treated animals.
Data conflicts in fishery models: incorporating hydroacoustic data into the Prince William Sound Pacific herring assessment model
Authors: Hulson Peter-John F. , Miller Sara E. , Quinn Terrance J. , Marty Gary D. , Moffitt Steven D. , Funk Frederick 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Hulson, P-J. F., Miller, S. E., Quinn, T. J. II, Marty, G. D., Moffitt, S. D., and Funk, F. 2008. Data conflicts in fishery models: incorporating hydroacoustic data into the Prince William Sound Pacific herring assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 25–43. Data conflicts present difficulties in running integrated assessment models as shown by the age-structured assessment (ASA) model for the Pacific herring population in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. After the 1989 “Exxon Valdez” oil spill in PWS, the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) ASA model indicated a significant decline in the population, starting in winter 1992. Back-calculated estimates from hydroacoustic abundance surveys that started in 1993 suggested that the ASA model overestimated herring biomass from 1990 to 1992 and that the population decline actually began in 1989. To expose data conflicts, we incorporated the hydroacoustic survey information with all available spawning population indices directly into the age-structured model. In this way, the substantial uncertainty about population parameters from 1989 to 1992 attributable to data conflicts was quantified. Consequently, the magnitude of declines for that period estimated from both linear and ASA models depend on the type of integrated datasets and weighting, particularly with indices of male spawners. Our view is that a major decline started in 1992 when disease affected a large population that was in weakened condition. Other views are consistent with the existing data too.
Anti‐neosporal IgG and IgE antibodies in Canine Neosporosis
Authors: Jesus E. E. V. , Almeida M. A. O. , Atta A. M. 
Published: November 2007

Summary Neospora caninum infection provokes neurological disorders, recurrent abortion and death in dogs and cattle. Dogs are both intermediate and definitive host of N. caninum. Thus, the development of sensitive and specific immunoassays to diagnose canine neosporosis is essential to control this disease. This work investigated serum anti‐neosporal IgG and IgE antibodies in 140 dogs represented by 30 healthy animals (group I), 11 dogs showing acute N. caninum infection (group II), 50 urban dogs with serological evidence of canine neosporosis in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (group III) and 49 urban dogs without clinical and laboratory evidences of neosporosis (group IV). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western immunoblotting, both using a soluble N. caninum tachyzoite antigen (SNA), investigated these two isotypes of antibodies, while a Urea‐ELISA measured the avidity of the IgG antibodies. Anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were also investigated in the animals. Anti‐neosporal IgG was found in all animals from groups II and III, whereas 32.7% (16/49) of dogs from group IV were reactive. IgG antibodies of low avidity were demonstrated in dogs from group II (median 35.3%), while animals from groups III and IV had IgG antibodies of high avidity (medians of 61.5% and 61.7% respectively). IgE antibodies were found in four (13.3%) and five (16.6%) dogs from groups III and IV respectively. Dogs presenting acute infection (group II) or chronic infection (group III) had IgG antibodies to several neosporal antigens, mainly of 29–30 and 35 kDa, while 13 of 16 dogs from group IV recognized antigens from 14 to 170 kDa. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 36 of 50 (72%) sera from group III and 25 of 49 (51%) sera from group IV. We concluded that IgG‐ELISA and Urea‐ELISA with SNA may substitute for IFAT in both laboratory routine and epidemiological studies of canine neosporosis.
spa
Typing of
Staphylococcus aureus
as a Frontline Tool in Epidemiological Typing
Authors: Strommenger B. , Braulke C. , Heuck D. , Schmidt C. , Pasemann B. , Nübel U. , Witte W. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

We determined the value of
spa
typing in combination with BURP (based upon repeat pattern) grouping analysis as a frontline tool in the epidemiological typing of
Staphylococcus aureus
, based on a random collection of 1,459 clinical isolates sent to the German Reference Centre for Staphylococci within a 6-month period. The application was found to be helpful for the classification of isolates into the particular clonal lineages currently prevalent in Germany. Due to its major advantages because of the ease of interpretation and the exchangeability of the results, the use of
spa
typing greatly simplifies communication between laboratories on both the national and the international levels. Thus, it is an excellent tool for national and international surveillance of
S. aureus
as well as for analysis of the short-term local epidemiology. However, to overcome the limitations of the BURP grouping method in terms of typing accuracy and discriminatory power, the results of the default BURP grouping method must be interpreted with caution. Additional markers, like staphylococcal chromosomal cassette
mec
, lineage-specific genes, or alternative DNA polymorphisms, are indispensable. They should be selected by dependence on the clonal lineage indicated by
spa
typing and subsequent BURP analysis as well as on the basis of the particular question to be addressed.