bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Decline After First-Time Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Del Bene Victor A. , Howard George , Gropen Toby I. , Lyerly Michael J. , Howard Virginia J. , Sawyer Russell P. , Lazar Ronald M. 
Published: February 2025

ImportancePrior research suggests reduced cognitive function after transient ischemic attack (TIA). Whether this is directly related to the TIA, a function of preexisting risk factors, or prior cognitive decline remains unclear.ObjectiveTo study if a single, diffusion-weighted image–negative, adjudicated TIA is associated with longitudinal declines in cognition, independent of preexisting risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a secondary data analysis from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a population-based cohort following up 30 239 Black and White participants for incident cerebrovascular events. The setting consisted of telephone cognitive assessments. Participants were individuals with first-time TIA, first-time stroke, and asymptomatic community control groups with neuroimaging used for adjudication.ExposuresFirst-time TIA and stroke.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVerbal fluency and memory measures administered biannually. Primary outcome was a composite standardized z score, with secondary outcomes individual test performances. Adjusted segmented regression models characterized pre-event and postevent cognition and annual cognitive change.ResultsIncluded in the study were 356 individuals with first-time TIA (mean [SD] age, 66.6 [8.7]; 188 female [53%]) and 965 individuals with first-time stroke (mean [SD] age, 66.8 [8.2]; 494 male [51%]). A total of 14 882 individuals (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [8.6] years; 8439 female [57%]) were included in the asymptomatic control group. Overall cognitive composite before index event was lower in the stroke (−0.25; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.17) than TIA (−0.05; 95% CI: −0.17 to 0.07; P = .005) and asymptomatic (0; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.03; P &amp;lt; .001) groups. After the index event, the cognitive composite of the group with stroke significantly declined (−0.14; 95% CI, −0.21 to −0.07) compared with that of the group with TIA (0.01; 95% CI, −0.10 to 0.12; P = .02) and controls (−0.03; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.01; P = .003). The annual decline after the index event was faster (P = .001) in the group with TIA (−0.05; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.03) than that for asymptomatic controls (−0.02; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.02) but not different from the group with stroke (−0.04; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.03; P = .43).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that despite the quick resolution of stroke symptoms in TIA, there was apparently sufficient impact to be associated with long-term cognitive decline. Whether the underlying mechanisms are by direct or secondary injury and/or interaction with concomitant neurodegenerative factors remains to be elucidated.
Ultra‐Effective Light‐Activated Antibacterial Activity via Carboxyl Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots and Films
Authors: Hassnain Muhammad , van Hofwegen Laure S. , Kaleli Humeyra Nur , Kubanaliev Temirlan , Eroglu Zafer , Onal Asim , Balraadjsing Payal P. S. , Metin Onder , Alkan Fahri , Zaat Sebastian A. J. , Nizamoglu Sedat 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBacterial infections are a major healthcare concern. Clinical application of photo‐activated quantum dots to efficiently treat bacterial infections has been hindered by inadequate production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, photoactive antimicrobial carboxyl‐functionalized graphene quantum dots (cGQDs) are synthesized with an exceptionally high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield of 0.88. Compared to non‐functionalized GQDs, cGQDs exhibit over a 20‐fold enhancement in the 1O2 quantum yield. According to the density functional theory simulations, the dramatic increase of 1O2 quantum yield is due to significantly enhanced spin–orbit coupling between singlet and triplet excited states of GQDs with addition of ─COOH groups. Under low‐intensity blue light (5 mW cm−
2), Staphylococcus aureus is completely eliminated with just 0.8 µg mL−1 of cGQDs, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.4 µg mL−1 is determined, representing the lowest MBC reported against S. aureus using light‐activated quantum dots. Layer‐by‐layer assembly of cGQD films also results in over a 99.9% reduction against multi‐drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under illumination. cGQDs, both in suspension and as a nano‐assembled film, exhibit good cell viability in mammalian cells under both dark and light conditions. These results highlight the strong potential of cGQDs as an effective nanomaterial for antibacterial applications.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Layered Non‐van der Waals Crystals into 2D Nanosheets: MAX Phases and Beyond
Authors: Zheng Lei , Li Heng , Kovalska Evgeniya , Luxa Jan , Yu Ruizhi , Zhou Huaijuan , Chen Manfang , Wu Bing , Sofer Zdenek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D materials have rapidly gained attention due to their exceptional properties like high surface area, flexibility, and tunable electronic characteristics. These attributes make them highly versatile for applications in energy storage, electronics, and biomedicine. Inspired by graphene’s success, researchers are exploring other 2D materials from bulk crystals. Electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) is an efficient method for producing these materials, offering more sustainable mild conditions, quick processing, simple equipment, and high yields. While substantial progress has been made in the ECE of layered van der Waals (L‐vdW) crystals, the exploration of layered non‐van der Waals (L‐NvdW) materials remains in its early stages. This review delves into using ECE to create 2D nanoplatelets from L‐NvdW crystals. A comparative analysis of exfoliation techniques is provided for L‐vdW and L‐NvdW materials, followed by a comprehensive overview of recent advances in ECE methods applied to L‐NvdW crystals. The discussion is organized around key categories, including the selective extraction of “M” and “A” layers respectively from MAX phases, decalcification of Zintl phases, and oxide delocalization from metal oxides. It is concluded by highlighting the potential applications of these 2D materials and discussing the challenges and future directions in this evolving field.
AtSubP‐2.0: An integrated web server for the annotation of Arabidopsis proteome subcellular localization using deep learning
Authors: Duhan Naveen , Kaundal Rakesh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe organization of subcellular components in a cell is critical for its function and studying cellular processes, protein–protein interactions, identifying potential drug targets, network analysis, and other systems biology mechanisms. Determining protein localization experimentally is time‐consuming and expensive. Due to the need for meticulous experimentation, validation, and data analysis, computational methods provide a quick and accurate alternative. Arabidopsis thaliana, a beneficial model organism in plant biology, facilitates experimentation and applies to other plants. Predicting its proteins' subcellular localization can improve our understanding of cellular processes and have applications in crop improvement and biotechnology. We propose AtSubP‐2.0, an extension of our previously developed and widely used AtSubP v1.0 tool for annotating the Arabidopsis proteome. For precise protein subcellular localization prediction, AtSubP‐2.0 employs a four‐phase strategy. The first phase differentiates between single and dual localization with accuracy (97.66% in fivefold training/testing, 98.10% on independent data) and high Matthews correlation coefficient (0.88 training, 0.90 independent). Single localized proteins are classified into 12 locations at the second phase, with accuracy (98.37% in fivefold training/testing, 97.43% on independent data) and Matthews correlation coefficient (0.94 training, 0.91 independent). The third phase categorizes dual location proteins into nine classes with accuracy (99.65% in fivefold training/testing, 98.16% on independent data) and Matthews correlation coefficient (0.92 training, 0.87 independent). We also employed a fourth phase that classifies the membrane type proteins predicted in phase I into single‐pass and multi‐pass membrane with accuracy (98% in fivefold training/testing, 98.55% on independent data) and a high Matthews correlation coefficient (0.95 training, 0.97 independent). A web‐based prediction server has been implemented for community use and is freely available at https://kaabil.net/AtSubP2/, including a standalone version. AtSubP2 will help researchers to better understand organelle‐specific functions, cellular processes, and regulatory mechanisms important for plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli.
Social contacts, unemployment, and experienced well-being: evidence from time-use data
Authors: Hoang Thi Truong An , Knabe Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyze how differences in the frequency and intensity of social contacts contribute to the experienced well-being of employed and unemployed individuals. In the UK Time-Use Survey, we observe that people generally enjoy being with others more than being alone. The unemployed tend to feel worse than the employed when engaging in the same kind of activities, partly because they are more often alone. The unemployed cannot spend time with other people at work but spend slightly more time with private contacts than the employed. In terms of experienced well-being, the slight increase in time spent with family and friends (which people enjoy a lot) offsets the loss of work contacts (which people generally enjoy only a little). Hence, we do not find that the differences in the social-contact composition between the employed and the unemployed are associated with differences in their experienced well-being.
Prevalence, incidence, and thromboembolic events in polycythemia vera: a study based on longitudinal German health claims data
Authors: Manz Karina C. , Mocek Anja , Morouj Bashar , Merker Katharina , Feuerbach Marc , Höer Ariane , Weber Valeria , Norris Raeleesha , Grosser Susanne , Andersohn Frank , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is little evidence, particularly in Germany, on the epidemiology and the cytoreductive management of polycythemia vera (PV). We performed an observational study based on anonymized health claims data to provide estimates of the epidemiology of PV in Germany, to describe the use of cytoreductive drugs in patients with PV, and to assess the occurrence of thromboembolic events (TEs) in prevalent patients on continuous treatment with relevant cytoreductive drugs over time. For the year 2021, we estimated a PV prevalence of 28.6 per 100,000 and an incidence of 3.3 per 100,000 in the German adult population (≥ 18 years). We identified 83.2% of prevalent patients in 2021 as being at high risk for thromboembolic complications, based on age (≥ 60 years) and/or history of TEs. Contrary to treatment guidelines, 43.6% of these high-risk patients did not receive cytoreductive drug treatment in 2021. 63.5% of patients in 2021 who were treated with hydroxyurea (but not ruxolitinib) in that year, met our defined proxy criteria for intolerance/resistance to hydroxyurea. Over time, we observed a lower proportion of patients with TEs in patients continuously treated with ruxolitinib compared to patients treated with hydroxyurea who also met our defined proxy criteria for intolerance/resistance to hydroxyurea (35.8% vs. 56.3% after three years). Our findings suggest that currently available cytoreductive therapies are not being fully utilized according to treatment guidelines, which may lead to avoidable thromboembolic complications in this patient population.
The Comparison Between Outdoor Play Spaces, Equipment, and Resources in Low Versus High Socioeconomic Johannesburg Early Childhood Development Centres
Authors: Clarkson Lara , Botha Marica , Linde Janine van der 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Play spaces facilitate play as a child’s primary occupation which is essential for learning and early childhood development. In South African early childhood development centres, almost 11% do not have access to outdoor play areas, 20% have no outdoor play equipment, and 50% have no access to educational toys (Early Childhood Development in South Africa. Education Series. IV (No. 92-01-04),100, Available: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/92-01-04/92-01-042016.pdf). This research aimed to compare the physical design and resources of outdoor play spaces in low socioeconomic (LSE) versus high socioeconomic (HSE) early childhood development (ECD) centres in Johannesburg. A descriptive comparative research design was used, with a total population sampling method for the distribution of a self-developed questionnaire adapted from play literature. Results were obtained from a total sample size of 82 ECD centres, 28 reported LSE and 54 reported HSE. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. LSE-ECD centres (57% community-based sites) had significantly less funding frequency compared to HSE-ECD centres (83% independent / private schools), with 87% private funding at least annually for outdoor play space upkeep. LSE-ECD centres had limited outdoor play space resource variety and quantity (7% had no outdoor play space, 43% had traditional playground designs, 14% had no fixed playground equipment), compared to HSE-ECD centres with a wide variety and abundance of outdoor play space resources. Chi-square statistics revealed a significantly higher number of fixed and loose manufactured equipment, movement toys, fixed and loose natural resources, and multi-sensory exploration spaces in HSE-ECD centres. Cramer’s V statistics revealed outdoor play space physical design and resource availability have a strong dependence on socioeconomic status.
Pragmatic Interoperability for Human–Machine Value Creation in Agri-Food Supply Chains
Authors: Obayi Raymond , Choudhary Sonal , Nayak Rakesh , GV Ramanjaneyulu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study delves into the dynamics of pragmatic interoperability, focusing on the case of a digital ecosystem in India —the eKrishi platform—which combines of industry 4.0 technologies with human-centric principles. Through qualitative analysis, we unveil the motivations shaping system and business-level interoperability alignment. We found that three categories of sustainability metrics—socio-economic, socio-ecological, and eco-efficiency— are driven by diverse pragmatic views. Furthermore, we found that system-level alignment is driven by actors’ defensive strategy for compliance and standardization, while business level interoperability is underpinned by actors’ offensive strategy for social and economic innovation. The study introduces a 2 × 2 alignment framework—corporate citizenship, regulatory stewardship, corporate stewardship, and value chain stewardship—offering nuanced insights. By aligning systems and business motives for pragmatic interoperability, we contribute towards theory building on interoperability and provide practical implications for guiding stakeholder alignment in Industry 4.0 initiatives.
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Iranian Adolescents Exhibiting Suicidal Behavior and Ideation
Authors: Arbabi Khatereh , Yeh Christine Jean , Sangkar Parvaneh Rahmati 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Suicide is a complex phenomenon influenced by various individual and contextual factors that may inform prevention efforts. This research is part of a comprehensive project conducted in the chain clinics of Iris Company (pseudonym) throughout Iran. 1). The objective of the study was to expand the current literature on adolescent suicidality by qualitatively exploring the lived experiences of adolescents with a history of at least one suicide attempt and suicidal ideation through in-depth semi-structured interviews. 2). Participants: The sample included 69 Iranian adolescents (38 females and 31 males) aged 15–19 years from diverse cultural and societal backgrounds across various regions of Iran. 3). Results: Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method of phenomenological analysis (Praveena & Sasikumar, 2021), resulting in six main themes and 14 sub-themes. The main themes were: (1) overwhelming emotional pain, (2) influence of traditional cultural values, (3) desire for stronger connections, (4) openness to treatment, (5) wish to improve life, and (6) feeling trapped in the present. 4). Conclusions: This study addresses gaps in prior research and aims to advance the understanding of adolescent suicide prevention. The authors emphasize the importance of family and relational contexts in understanding suicide risk among adolescents and highlight the roles of family therapy and peer support in developing prevention and intervention strategies for at-risk youth.
Caregiver Satisfaction with Anxiety Treatment for Autistic Youth: A Mixed Methods Examination
Authors: Norris Lesley A. , Rabner Jonathan C. , Marklin Marika , Crane Margaret E. , Renschler Kathrin , Jenkins Emma , Kemp Joshua , Storch Eric A. , Wood Jeffrey J. , Kerns Connor M. , Lewin Adam B. , Small Brent J. , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to best meet the specific needs of autistic youth with co-occurring anxiety and to continue to grow as a sustainable treatment option, it is important to incorporate caregiver perspectives and feedback. Data were drawn from a randomized controlled trial and included 148 caregivers of autistic youth (ages 7–13 years, M = 9.89, SD = 1.79; 23% female; 77.7% White) with co-occurring anxiety disorders randomized to one of two active treatment conditions (Coping Cat, n = 72, or Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety in Children with Autism [BIACA], n = 76). A systematic inductive thematic analysis was used to code open-ended parent responses on the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire to identify what caregivers of autistic children with co-occurring anxiety liked most and least about their child’s treatment. Satisfaction with treatment was high (M = 64.98, SD = 5.48). Caregivers’ most-liked treatment features across treatments included (a) tools and coping skills, (b) therapeutic alliance, (c) caregiver support and involvement, (d) personalized treatment, and (e) treatment efficacy. Least-liked features of treatment and family participation included (a) the commute to the clinic, (b) treatment length, (c) commitment required at home, (d) questionnaires, and (e) scheduling. Treatment responders endorsed therapeutic alliance more frequently. Caregivers in BIACA endorsed caregiver support and involvement at higher rates, in addition to commitment required at home. Caregiver responses indicated a preference for more sessions and highlighted the importance of balancing need for caregiver involvement in treatment while reducing caregiver burden.
Enhanced single-diode model parameter extraction method for photovoltaic cells and modules based on integrating genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and comparative objective functions
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Ali Kareem , Bognár György , Plesz Balázs 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate modeling of the operational behavior of photovoltaic systems is crucial to optimizing and predicting system performance. One of the well-established and widely used modeling techniques is the single-diode equivalent circuit that delivers a sufficiently accurate description of the electric behavior of both photovoltaic cells and modules under various operational conditions. The single-diode model uses five parameters to reproduce the I-V curve for specific operational conditions. However, these five parameters must be extracted from measured or simulated I-V curves. This paper proposes a novel, accurate, and fast method for extracting the single-diode model’s five parameters from measured I-V curves based on a genetic algorithm combined with particle swarm optimization to find the optimal controlling parameters of the genetic algorithm. This approach results in a significant performance improvement in accuracy and convergence speed. The paper also proposes a concept for determining the optimum number of current–voltage data points in the I-V curve, enabling an optimum trade-off between a sufficiently high accuracy and computational costs. Finally, the effect of different objective function formulations on the result has been investigated by comparing the usage of three different objective functions: the implicit form of the single-diode model, the Lambert W-function-based formulation of the explicit single-diode model, and a system of equations based on least square fitting. From the results, it could be concluded that the implicit formulation of the single-diode model delivered the best results compared to the two other formulations. Performance evaluations showed significantly lower error values than recent literature, with mean percent errors of 0.038%, 0.34%, and 0.87% received for the investigated monocrystalline cell, poly-crystalline module, and amorphous module, respectively. The computational cost was reduced by more than 60% after determining the optimum number of I-V points per curve, which was in the range of 20–30 points for each measured curve.
Intersections of Mind and Machine: Navigating the Nexus of Artificial Intelligence, Science Education, and the Preparation of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Cooper Grant , Tang Kok-Sing , Fitzgerald Angela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping various sectors, including education. This editorial explores the intersections of AI, science education, and the preparation of pre-service teachers (PSTs), questioning whether GenAI represents a truly transformative technology or merely the latest iteration of an educational hype cycle. While previous technological innovations—such as radio, television, and computers—were initially heralded as revolutionary, their impact on education has varied significantly. The emergence of GenAI, particularly large language models, introduces new possibilities for personalised learning, digital tutoring, and adaptive content generation, yet its integration into educational practice remains uneven. Despite growing societal reliance on GenAI, a substantial proportion of in-service teachers report limited use, citing a lack of training and institutional policies as key barriers. In contrast, research suggests that PSTs are already engaging with GenAI tools for lesson planning, content summarisation, and assessment preparation. This editorial underscores the need for initial teacher education (ITE) programmes to provide structured support, ensuring that PSTs develop both technical proficiency and critical AI literacy. Ethical concerns—such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and epistemic authority—must also be central to teacher training. Focusing on science education, this special issue examines the opportunities and challenges of GenAI integration. The contributions explore PSTs’ perceptions, competencies, and preparedness to implement AI-driven tools in their teaching, addressing themes such as inquiry-based learning, pedagogical content knowledge, and the evolving role of educators in AI-powered classrooms. The discussion highlights the necessity of balancing technological innovation with critical reflection, equipping future teachers to navigate the complexities of AI in education responsibly. This editorial aims to advance the dialogue on GenAI’s role in teacher preparation, urging educational institutions to proactively support PSTs in harnessing its potential while fostering a critical, ethical, and pedagogically sound approach to AI integration in science education.