bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of phytosterol structure on thermal polymerization of heated soybean oil
Authors: Winkler Jill Kristine , Warner Kathleen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study determined the effect of phytosterol structure, including the degree of unsaturation and the presence of an ethylidene group in the side chain, on the thermal polymerization of heated soybean oil. Indigenous tocopherols and phytosterols were removed from soybean oil by molecular distillation. Pure phytosterols were added back to the stripped soybean oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 5 mg/g oil (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt‐%). These oils were heated at 180 °C over a period of 8 h, and triacylglycerol dimers and polymers, fatty acid composition, and residual phytosterol content were determined. None of the phytosterols prevented triacylglycerol dimer and polymer formation when used at 0.5 mg/g; however, phytosterols with two or more double bonds, regardless of the presence of an ethylidene group in the side chain, provided slight protection when added at 1 mg/g. Ergosterol addition at 5 mg/g reduced polymer formation by 16–20% compared to the control oil, but at this level none of the other phytosterols provided protection of any practical significance. Thus, under the conditions used for this heating study, the degree of phytosterol unsaturation was more important for its anti‐polymerization activity than the presence of an ethylidene group.
[3]Ferrocenophane Ligands with an Inserted Methylene Group
Authors: Šebesta Radovan , Bilčík Filip , Horváth Branislav 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNew planar chiral [3]ferrocenophane aminosulfane and aminophosphane ligands displayed interesting results in model Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions. The phosphane derivative having a methylene group between the cyclopentadienyl ring and the phosphane group showed enantioselectivities up to 86 % ee, whereas the ligand without the methylene group afforded almost racemic allylation products. Analogous sulfane ligands showed the opposite trend. Tentative catalytic complexes were studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy and DFT computational methods. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamide C by Use of an α‐Keto Cyanophosphorane Methodology for Peptide Assembly
Authors: Roche Stéphane P. , Faure Sophie , El Blidi Lahssen , Aitken David J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe total synthesis of cyclotheonamide C (3), a macrocyclic pentapeptide incorporating an α‐keto homoarginine (k‐Arg) and a vinylogous dehydrotyrosine (V‐ΔTyr) unit, has been achieved. For comparison of macrocyclisation feasibility, two linear pentapeptides bearing free ketone functions at the k‐Arg units were prepared, by use of tandem oxidation/coupling reactions on α‐keto cyanophosphorane precursors as the key processes for pentapeptide elaboration. Successful activation and coupling at the pentapeptide V‐ΔTyr C terminus led to the target molecule core, and thus provided a short total synthesis of the target compound.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The New Metabolite (S)‐Cinnamoylphosphoramide fromStreptomycessp. and Its Total Synthesis
Authors: Quitschau Melanie , Schuhmann Tim , Piel Jörn , von Zezschwitz Paultheo , Grond Stephanie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe tunicate‐associated strainStreptomycessp. JP90 produces the unprecedented metabolite cinnamoylphosphoramide (1) among several other compounds. Structure elucidation was accomplished by NMR spectroscopic studies and efficient total synthesis. The absolute configuration at phosphorus was determined by synthesis of both enantiomers of1performing a resolution of the corresponding diastereomeric phosphoramides ofL‐phenylalanine ethyl ester. Unusual cinnamic acid derivative1represents the first bacterial organophosphoramide. As it matches the Schrader's formula for insecticidal organophosphates, its biological activity was investigated. A weak inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was observed in in vitro tests, and water‐soluble analogues of1were prepared. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Preparation and characterization of hexyl methacrylate monolithic columns for CEC
Authors: Cantó‐Mirapeix Amparo , Herrero‐Martínez José M. , Mongay‐Fernández Carlos , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe preparation of hexyl methacrylate (HMA) monolithic columns for CEC separations has been investigated with two initiation systems: (i) ammonium peroxodisulphate and TEMED to activate the polymerization reaction, and (ii) by thermal initiation with AIBN. For both initiators, the influence of composition of porogenic solvent on morphological and chromatographic properties of monoliths was investigated. Two porogenic solvent systems, aqueous and non‐aqueous media, were also studied for monolithic beds polymerized with AIBN. Under optimal conditions, low minimum plate heights (9.6 μm for peroxodisulphate, 8.4 and 10.0 μm for AIBN in aqueous and non‐aqueous porogenic solvents, respectively) were obtained. A comparison in terms of chromatographic performance of HMA monoliths with butyl methacrylate columns polymerized with both initiators was also performed. The resulting HMA‐based stationary phases also exhibited a good repeatability and column‐to‐column reproducibility, with RSD values below 5.6% in the studied electrochromatographic parameters. The potential of HMA‐based columns was demonstrated by the analysis of complex mixtures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and anabolic steroids.
Are Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa separate disorders? Challenging the ‘transdiagnostic’ theory of eating disorders
Authors: Birmingham C. Laird , Touyz Stephen , Harbottle Jane 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are classified as separate and distinct clinical disorders. Recently, there has been support for a transdiagnostic theory of eating disorders, which would reclassify them as one disorder.ObjectiveTo determine whether AN and BN are a single disorder with one cause or separate disorders with different causes.MethodHill's Criteria of Causation were used to test the hypothesis that AN and BN are one disorder with a single cause. Hill's Criteria of Causation demand that the minimal conditions are needed to establish a causal relationship between two items which include all of the following: strength of association, consistency, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experimental evidence and analogy.ResultsThe hypothesis that AN and BN have a single cause did not meet all of Hill's Criteria of Causation. Strength of association, plausibility, analogy and some experimental evidence were met, but not consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, coherence and most experimental evidence.ConclusionsThe hypothesis that AN and BN are a single disorder with a common cause is not supported by Hill's Criteria of Causation. This argues against the notion of a transdiagnostic theory of eating disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Mobility‐dependent bifurcations in capillarity‐driven two‐phase fluid systems by using a lattice Boltzmann phase‐field model
Authors: Huang J. J. , Shu C. , Chew Y. T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBifurcations in capillarity‐driven two‐phase fluid systems, due to different mobilities in phase‐field models for such systems, are studied by using a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Specifically, two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) droplets on a flat wall with given wettability variations are investigated. It is found that the mobility controls the rate of diffusive relaxation of the phase field from non‐equilibrium toward equilibrium, and similar to previous findings on mechanically driven two‐phase systems, the mobility is closely related to the contact line velocity. For the cases investigated, different mobilities across a critical value result in fundamentally different system evolution routes and final stable equilibrium states. These results may provide some implications for phase‐field study of droplet manipulations by surface wettability adjustments in microfluidics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discussions on driven cavity flow
Authors: Erturk Ercan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe widely studied benchmark problem, two‐dimensional‐driven cavity flow problem is discussed in detail in terms of physical and mathematical and also numerical aspects. A very brief literature survey on studies on the driven cavity flow is given. On the basis of several numerical and experimental studies, the fact of the matter is that physically the flow in a driven cavity is not two‐dimensional above moderate Reynolds numbers. However, there exist numerical solutions for two‐dimensional‐driven cavity flow at high Reynolds numbers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimizing reduced PLSMFE formulation for non‐stationary conduction–convection problems
Authors: Luo Zhendong , Chen Jing , Navon I. M. , Zhu Jiang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is combined with the Petrov–Galerkin least squares mixed finite element (PLSMFE) method to derive an optimizing reduced PLSMFE formulation for the non‐stationary conduction–convection problems. Error estimates between the optimizing reduced PLSMFE solutions based on POD and classical PLSMFE solutions are presented. The optimizing reduced PLSMFE formulation can circumvent the constraint of Babuška–Brezzi condition so that the combination of finite element subspaces can be chosen freely and allow optimal‐order error estimates to be obtained. Numerical simulation examples have shown that the errors between the optimizing reduced PLSMFE solutions and the classical PLSMFE solutions are consistent with theoretical results. Moreover, they have also shown the feasibility and efficiency of the POD method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forced‐convection heat transfer from tandem square cylinders in cross flow at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Sohankar A. , Etminan A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a numerical study on the flow characteristics and heat transfer over two equal square cylinders in a tandem arrangement. Spacing between the cylinders is five widths of the cylinder and the Reynolds number ranges from 1 to 200, Pr=0.71. Both steady and unsteady incompressible laminar flow in the 2D regime are performed with a finite volume code based on the SIMPLEC algorithm and non‐staggered grid. A study of the effects of spatial resolution and blockage on the results is provided. In this study, the instantaneous and mean streamlines, vorticity and isotherm patterns for different Reynolds numbers are presented and discussed. In addition, the global quantities such as pressure and viscous drag coefficients, RMS lift and drag coefficients, recirculation length, Strouhal number and Nusselt number are determined and discussed for various Reynolds numbers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized compact filtering schemes for computational aeroacoustics
Authors: Zhanxin Liu , Qibai Huang , Li Hu , Jixuan Yuan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSpurious waves are inevitably introduced in the simulation of computational aeroacoustics problems by finite difference schemes. Filters are proposed to damp the spurious waves as soon as they are generated. A family of filtering schemes, both interior and boundary, are optimized in this paper. The transfer functions of the filters are approximated to modified Gaussian functions and sharp spectral cutoffs are obtained. The advanced sequential quadratic programming method is employed to get the approximation. Although all of the optimized filters are stable and perform well in the computation, we find that the optimized fourth‐order filters are sufficient for different kinds of requirements. The improvements of the accuracy and convenient application of the optimized filters are demonstrated when applied to one‐ and two‐dimensional problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution of fully developed free convection of a micropolar fluid in a vertical channel by homotopy analysis method
Authors: Bataineh A. Sami , Noorani M. S. M. , Hashim I. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we reconsider the problem of fully developed natural convection heat and mass transfer of a micropolar fluid in a vertical channel with asymmetric wall temperatures and concentrations. The resulting boundary‐value problem is solved analytically by the homotopy analysis method. The accuracy of the present solution is found to be in excellent agreement with the solutions of Cheng (Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 2006; 33:627–635). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the martingale hypothesis for futures prices: Implications for hedgers
Authors: de Ville de Goyet Cédric , Dhaene Geert , Sercu Piet 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe martingale hypothesis for futures prices is investigated using a nonparametric approach where it is assumed that the expected futures returns depend (nonparametrically) on a linear combination of predictors. We first collapse the predictors into a single‐index variable where the weights are identified up to scale, using the average derivative estimator proposed by T. Stoker (1986). We then use the Nadaraya–Watson kernel estimator to calculate (and visually depict) the relationship between the estimated index and the expected futures returns. We discuss implications of this finding for a noninfinitely risk‐averse hedger. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1040–1065, 2008
Age‐related brain structural alterations in children with specific language impairment
Authors: Soriano‐Mas Carles , Pujol Jesús , Ortiz Héctor , Deus Joan , López‐Sala Anna , Sans Anna 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPrevious neuroimaging studies have suggested that children with specific language impairment (SLI) may show subtle anatomical alterations in specific brain regions. We aimed to characterize structural abnormalities in children with SLI using a voxel‐wise analysis over the whole brain. Subjects covered a wide age range (5–17 years) in order to assess the dynamic nature of the disorder across childhood. Three‐dimensional MRIs were collected from 36 children with SLI and from a comparable group of healthy controls. Global gray and white matter measurements were obtained for each subject, and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate between‐group differences in regional brain anatomy. Possible age‐related changes were assessed in separate analyses of younger (below 11 years of age) and older children. SLI patients showed larger global gray and white matter volumes, particularly in the younger subgroup. Voxel‐wise analyses of the whole sample showed two regions of increased gray matter volume in SLI: the right perisylvian region and the occipital petalia. Age‐group analyses suggested a more extended pattern of volume increases in the younger subjects, which included entorhinal, temporopolar, caudate nucleus, motor‐precentral and precuneus gray matter, and white matter of the frontal and temporal lobes. Our results suggest that in the SLI brain there are enduring anatomical alterations that exist across a wide age range, as well as a distributed pattern of abnormalities that appear to normalize with development. They also suggest that the neuroanatomical basis of SLI may be better characterized by considering the dynamic course of the disorder throughout childhood. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The human mirror neuron system in a population with deficient self‐awareness: An fMRI study in alexithymia
Authors: Moriguchi Yoshiya , Ohnishi Takashi , Decety Jean , Hirakata Makiko , Maeda Motonari , Matsuda Hiroshi , Komaki Gen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe mirror neuron system (MNS) is considered crucial for human imitation and language learning and provides the basis for the development of empathy and mentalizing. Alexithymia (ALEX), which refers to deficiencies in the self‐awareness of emotional states, has been reported to be associated with poor ability in various aspects of social cognition such as mentalizing, cognitive empathy, and perspective‐taking. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured the hemodynamic signal to examine whether there are functional differences in the MNS activity between participants with ALEX (n = 16) and without ALEX (n = 13), in response to a classic MNS task (i.e., the observation of video clips depicting goal‐directed hand movements). Both groups showed increased neural activity in the premotor and the parietal cortices during observation of hand actions. However, activation was greater for the ALEX group than the non‐ALEX group. Furthermore, activation in the left premotor area was negatively correlated with perspective‐taking ability as assessed with the interpersonal reactivity index. The signal in parietal cortices was negatively correlated with cognitive facets assessed by the stress coping inventory and positively correlated with the neuroticism scale from the NEO five factor personality scale. In addition, in the ALEX group, activation in the right superior parietal region showed a positive correlation with the severity of ALEX as measured by a structured interview. These results suggest that the stronger MNS‐related neural response in individuals scoring high on ALEX is associated with their insufficient self‐other differentiation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collaborative computational anatomy: An MRI morphometry study of the human brain via diffeomorphic metric mapping
Authors: Miller Michael I. , Priebe Carey E. , Qiu Anqi , Fischl Bruce , Kolasny Anthony , Brown Timothy , Park Youngser , Ratnanather J. Tilak , Busa Evelina , Jovicich Jorge , Yu Peng , Dickerson Bradford C. , Buckner Randy L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article describes a large multi‐institutional analysis of the shape and structure of the human hippocampus in the aging brain as measured via MRI. The study was conducted on a population of 101 subjects including nondemented control subjects (n = 57) and subjects clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease (AD, n = 38) or semantic dementia (n = 6) with imaging data collected at Washington University in St. Louis, hippocampal structure annotated at the Massachusetts General Hospital, and anatomical shapes embedded into a metric shape space using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) at the Johns Hopkins University. A global classifier was constructed for discriminating cohorts of nondemented and demented subjects based on linear discriminant analysis of dimensions derived from metric distances between anatomical shapes, demonstrating class conditional structure differences measured via LDDMM metric shape (P < 0.01). Localized analysis of the control and AD subjects only on the coordinates of the population template demonstrates shape changes in the subiculum and the CA1 subfield in AD (P < 0.05). Such large scale collaborative analysis of anatomical shapes has the potential to enhance the understanding of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathobiology of biliary epithelia and cholangiocarcinoma: Proceedings of the Henry M. and Lillian Stratton basic research single-topic conference
Authors: Sirica Alphonse E. , Nathanson Michael H. , Gores Gregory J. , LaRusso Nicholas F. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

In June 2008, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) sponsored the Henry M. and Lillian Stratton Basic Research Single-Topic Conference on the Pathobiology of Biliary Epithelia and Cholangiocarcinoma, which was held in Atlanta, GA. Attendees from 12 different countries participated in this conference, making it a truly international scientific event. Both oral and poster presentations were given by multidisciplinary experts, who highlighted important areas of current basic and translational research on biliary epithelial cell biology and pathophysiology, and on the etiology, cellular and molecular pathogenesis, and target-based therapy of cholangiocarcinoma. The specific goals and objectives of the conference were: (1) to advance knowledge of basic and molecular mechanisms underlying developmental and proliferative disorders of the biliary tract; (2) to foster a better and more comprehensive understanding of mechanisms regulating biliary epithelial (cholangiocyte) growth and transport, signaling, cell survival, and abnormalities that result in disease; and (3) to understand basic mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma development and progression, with the added goal of identifying and exploiting potentially critical molecular pathways that may be targeted therapeutically. A number of interrelated themes emerged from the oral and poster sessions that affected current understandings of the complex organization of transcriptional and signaling mechanisms that regulate bile duct development, hepatic progenitor cell expansion, cholangiocyte secretory functions and proliferation, and mechanisms of cholangiocarcinogenesis and malignant cholangiocyte progression. Most notable were the critical questions raised as to how best to exploit aberrant signaling pathways associated with biliary disease as potential targets for therapy. (Hepatology 2008;48:2040-2046.)
Patients with Epstein Barr virus‐positive lymphomas have decreased CD4+ T‐cell responses to the viral nuclear antigen 1
Authors: Heller Kevin N. , Arrey Frida , Steinherz Peter , Portlock Carol , Chadburn Amy , Kelly Kara , Münz Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEpstein Barr virus (EBV) causes lymphomas in immune competent and, at increased frequencies, in immune compromised patients. In the presence of an intact immune system, EBV‐associated lymphomas express in most cases only 3 or fewer EBV antigens at the protein level, always including the nuclear antigen 1 of EBV (EBNA1). EBNA1 is a prominent target for EBV‐specific CD4+ T cell and humoral immune responses in healthy EBV carriers. Here we demonstrate that patients with EBV‐associated lymphomas, primarily Hodgkin's lymphoma, lack detectable EBNA1‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses and have slightly altered EBNA1‐specific antibody titers at diagnosis. In contrast, the majority of EBV‐negative lymphoma patients had detectable IFNγ expression and proliferation by CD4+ T cells in response to EBNA1, and carry EBNA1‐specific immunoglobulins at levels similar to healthy virus carriers. Other EBV antigens, which were not present in the tumors, were recognized in less EBV positive, than negative lymphoma patients, but detectable responses reached similar CD8+ T cell frequencies in both cohorts. Patients with EBV‐positive and ‐negative lymphomas did not differ in T‐cell responses in influenza‐specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and in antibody titers against tetanus toxoid. These data suggest a selective loss of EBNA1‐specific immune control in EBV‐associated lymphoma patients, which should be targeted for immunotherapy of these malignancies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.