bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Non-Gaussian Surface Topography and Contact Models on Mixed-Lubrication Parameters for Water-Lubricated Journal Bearings
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K. , Bjorling Marcus , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Greenwood and Williamson (GW) and Greenwood and Tripp (GT) elastic contact models have extensively been used previously for the mixed-lubrication analysis of water-lubricated journal bearings (WLJBs). The approximate expressions of a parabolic cylinder function involved in these contact models are available in the literature which makes these models easy to implement in the mixed-lubrication analysis. However, approximate expressions available so far are valid only for the Gaussian distribution of asperity heights. Moreover, elastic-plastic contact models with few exceptions have rarely been used in the mixed-lubrication analysis of WLJBs. The present work demonstrates a simple numerical procedure to predict the mixed-lubrication parameters for WLJBs. The average Reynolds equation considering non-Gaussian flow factors is solved along with film thickness and load balance equations in a coupled manner. A routine is developed to predict the pressure curve (a plot between average asperity pressure and rigid body displacement) for different contact models and non-Gaussian surface topography, and the asperity pressure for a particular surface topography is predicted utilizing the concept of a macro-micro approach. The effect of non-Gaussian surface topography on the tribological performance of WLJBs is discussed in detail. The influence of different contact models on the performance of WLJBs is also presented. It is shown that the GT elastic contact model fails to simulate the effect of kurtosis and skewness properly. However, the Kogut and Etsion (KE) elastic-plastic contact model which is based on finite element method (FEM)-based analysis excellently simulates the non-Gaussian effect on the performance of the WLJB.
A Combined Approach of Melt Pool Ultrasonic Vibration and Interpass Laser Remelting for Achieving Superior Mechanical Properties by Controlling Microstructure and Phases in L-DED of Inconel 625
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Rao Shubham , Gollapudi Srikant , Bartarya Gaurav , Muvvala Gopinath , Mullick Suvradip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Laser direct energy deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing technique used in aerospace, automotive, and nuclear industries. However, challenges such as porosity, cracks, microstructural inhomogeneity, and elemental segregation usually affect the mechanical properties of fabricated components. This study proposes the synergistic application of ultrasonic vibration and interpass laser remelting in DED of Inconel 625 to effectively address these issues. Ultrasonic vibration to the melt pool results in equiaxed structures and reduces micropores by inducing acoustic streaming and cavitation effects, whereas interpass laser remelting selectively melts the previously deposited layers and reduces porosity. Both techniques influence the formation and distribution of intermetallic within the deposition. A synergistic application of these methods led to minimal porosity and equiaxed grains with thinner grain boundaries. Phase analysis revealed the significant presence of similar intermetallic compounds in as-deposited and vibration-assisted samples, with (γ′) phase appearing specifically in remelted and combined techniques. Further, intermetallic compounds, which were randomly distributed in as-deposited and remelted conditions, were found predominantly near the grain boundaries when vibration was applied alone or with remelting, resulting in better mechanical properties. The synergistic effect led to ∼20% increase in microhardness, ∼75% reduction in wear-rate, ∼32% higher ultimate tensile strength, and ∼25% increase in strain, and it also significantly enhanced corrosion resistance compared to as-deposited samples. This study underscores the potential of using ultrasonic vibration and interpass remelting synergistically to enhance the overall performance of DED-fabricated Inconel 625 components, outperforming their individual effects.
A Numerical Study on the Buckling of Near-Perfect Spherical Shells
Authors: Ubamanyu Uba K. , Baizhikova Zheren , Le Jia-Liang , Ballarini Roberto , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present the results from a numerical investigation using the finite element method to study the buckling strength of near-perfect spherical shells containing a single, localized, Gaussian-dimple defect whose profile is systematically varied toward the limit of vanishing amplitude. In this limit, our simulations reveal distinct buckling behaviors for hemispheres, full spheres, and partial spherical caps. Hemispherical shells exhibit boundary-dominated buckling modes, resulting in a knockdown factor of 0.8. By contrast, full spherical shells display localized buckling at their pole with knockdown factors near unity. Furthermore, for partial spherical shells, we observed a transition from boundary modes to these localized buckling modes as a function of the cap angle. We characterize these behaviors by systematically examining the effects of the discretization level, solver parameters, and radius-to-thickness ratio on knockdown factors. Specifically, we identify the conditions under which knockdown factors converge across shell configurations. Our findings highlight the critical importance of carefully controlled numerical parameters in shell-buckling simulations in the near-perfect limit, demonstrating how precise choices in discretization and solver parameters are essential for accurately predicting the distinct buckling modes across different shell geometries.
Repetitive Feeding-Challenge With Different Nutritional Densities on Markers of Gastrointestinal Function, Substrate Oxidation, and Endurance Exercise Performance
Authors: Martinez Isabel G. , Biesiekierski Jessica R. , Rauch Christopher E. , Costa Ricardo J.S. 
Published: February 2025

Gut-training has been shown to improve gastrointestinal tolerance, circulatory glucose availability, and exercise performance. The study aimed to investigate the effects of a repetitive feeding-challenge using fat versus carbohydrate (CHO) on markers of gastrointestinal function, glucose availability, and subsequent performance when challenged with a high-CHO load (87 g/hr) during exercise. Forty-four endurance athletes (mean ± SD [9 females and 35 males]: body mass: 71.2 ± 9.2 kg, height: 173.6 ± 7.0 cm, : 55.0 ± 6.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed a preintervention gut-challenge trial (T1), involving a 2 hr run (60% ) while taking a CHO gel every 20 min (87 g/hr, 10% w/v), followed by a 1 hr self-paced distance test with ad libitum water. Participants were then randomized to a fat (fat feeding-challenge [FFC]; 20 g nut butter, 124 kcal, 11 g fat, 3 g protein, and 3 g CHO) or CHO supplement (CHO feeding-challenge [CFC]; 47 g CHO gel: 123 kcal, 29 g CHO) group to complete a 7-day repetitive feeding-challenge (1 hr exercise and supplement intake every 20 min with 290 ml water), followed by a gut-challenge retrial (T2). FFC did not differ from CFC in terms of resting orocecal transit time, feeding tolerance, or substrate oxidation during T1 and T2. Peak breath hydrogen was lower in FFC than CFC (p = .028) at T2. Total (FFC: 27%, p = .005 vs. CFC: 38%, p = .001) and upper gastrointestinal symptoms severity (FFC: 26%, p = .013 vs. CFC: 40%, p < .001) during exercise was reduced similarly between groups from T1 to T2. FFC covered more distance in T2 (11.51 ± 2.02 vs. 11.08 ± 2.02 km, p = .013), but not significantly different to CFC (p = .341). A repetitive feeding-challenge with fat does not enhance nor worsen gastrointestinal and fueling outcomes compared with a CHO repetitive feeding-challenge.
Fitness Profiles of Highly Trained Female Futsal Players According to Their Playing Positions
Authors: Albalad-Aiguabella Rafael , Mainer-Pardos Elena , Roso-Moliner Alberto , Lozano Demetrio , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán , Muniz-Pardos Borja 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Although women’s futsal has experienced great growth recently, few studies have analyzed the physical profiles of female futsal players. The objectives of this study were to determine the physical and anthropometric characteristics in elite women’s futsal using laboratory and field tests and to analyze the differences between the different playing positions. Methods: Forty-one female futsal players from the second division of the Spanish league (age 22.69 [4.76] y; body height 161.28 [6.03] cm; body mass 62.20 [10.34] kg) were evaluated for body composition with dual-energy X-ray absortiometry anthropometrically, lower-body power using a force platform (countermovement jump, squat jump, and drop jump), linear speed (5, 10, 15, and 25 m), changes of direction (505 modified, V-Cut, and L-Run), and repeated-sprint ability measured through photoelectric cells. Results: The results reveal that there are no significant differences between the physical profiles of players depending on playing position. Despite this, wingers seem to have the best physical profiles, and goalkeepers have the highest body mass index (26.9 [4.48] vs 23.3 [2.82]; P = .069) and fat percentage (31.9 [7.81] vs 29.96 [6.08]; P = .101), but they present very similar values to the other positions in all other tests performed, except for repeated-sprint ability (4.64 [0.45]; P = .009). Conclusion: Relevant descriptive data were presented to provide useful information for coaches to optimize their training programs, reporting that playing position does not identify different physical profiles in elite female futsal players.
Is an Activity Wristband-Based Intermittent Teaching Unit in the Physical Education Setting Effective for Increasing High School Students’ Weekly Steps? School-Fit Study
Authors: Guijarro-Romero Santiago , Viciana Jesús , Casado-Robles Carolina , Mayorga-Vega Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To examine the effect of an activity wristband-based intermittent teaching unit (TU) combined with other behavior modification strategies in the physical education setting on high school students’ weekly steps. Method: Seventy-one high school students (49.3% girls) aged 12–16 years performed an 8-week intermittent TU (last 15 min of each session) twice a week. The TU consisted of the following strategies: activity wristband (24 hr), educational counseling, and progressive step goals, among others. Results: The students improved their weekly steps from Week 1 to Weeks 4–8 (p ≤ .001; d = 0.45–0.58). There was a higher percentage of students who did at least an average of 10,000 steps per day at Week 8 compared with Week 1 (p = .031; Cramer’s V = 0.246). Conclusion: The studied intermittent TU increased students’ weekly steps and the proportion of students who did at least an average of 10,000 steps per day.
Impact of Increasing Levels of Obesity on Functional Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children
Authors: Ahmed Youssef E. , Wadowski Jeremy , Dhuper Sarita 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of increasing severity of childhood obesity on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Methods: A retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing data from patients <21 years of age was performed. Patients were categorized by body mass index percentile into 4 classes. CRF was assessed and compared between groups by relative peak VO2 and metabolic equivalents achieved at limit of tolerance. Results: A total of 204 patients were included in the study. Significantly lower relative peak VO2 and metabolic equivalents and higher adjusted peak VO2 were achieved with increasing obesity. Resting and recovery heart rates (HRs) were significantly higher in Class III compared with the nonobese patients (P = .001 and .003, respectively). Class III patients had a significantly greater HR at anaerobic threshold relative to maximum HR achieved compared with the nonobese patients (P = .002). There was no significant difference between groups in the rating of perceived exertion at peak exercise, peak O2 pulse, or maximum HR achieved. Conclusion(s): Our study has shown that CRF worsens with increasing levels of obesity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing can be used as an objective measure to assess CRF as a target for intervention in childhood obesity for pediatricians. Improvement in fitness is an achievable outcome, which also translates into improved cardiometabolic health.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a molnupiravir tablet formulation compared with the molnupiravir capsule formulation in healthy adult participants—a randomized, open-label, three-period, crossover study
Authors: Fiore Julie L. , Jin Yoon , Heimbach Tycho , Patel Shruti R. , Zhao Tian , Matthews Catherine Z. , Pagnussat Sandra , Maas Brian M. , Cheng Mickie H. , Stoch S. Aubrey 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Molnupiravir, a prodrug of β-D-N
4
-hydroxycytidine (NHC), is administered orally as four 200 mg capsules twice daily for 5 days to treat COVID-19. This randomized, open-label, four-treatment sequence, three-period crossover study (NCT06615869) evaluated the bioequivalence of a new single 400 mg oral dose of the molnupiravir tablet Formulation 1 (F1) to a 400 mg oral dose of the currently authorized molnupiravir capsule formulation (administered as two 200 mg capsules) by comparing the plasma pharmacokinetics of NHC following administration to healthy participants. The effect of food on the plasma NHC pharmacokinetics following the administration of the molnupiravir F1 tablet, safety and tolerability of a single oral 400 mg dose of molnupiravir, and pharmacokinetics of a separate molnupiravir tablet Formulation 2 (F2) with a slower
in vitro
dissolution rate were also evaluated. The geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence intervals ([1 × 400-mg F1 tablet]/[2 × 200 mg reference capsules]) for plasma NHC area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0–infinity, AUC from time 0–last measurable time point, and maximum plasma concentration were 1.00 (0.97, 1.03), 1.00 (0.97, 1.03), and 0.98 (0.93, 1.03), respectively. All estimates were within prespecified limits (0.80, 1.25), demonstrating bioequivalence of the molnupiravir F1 tablet and reference capsules. Administration of the F1 tablet with a high-fat meal did not meaningfully impact the rate or extent of absorption. The pharmacokinetics of the F2 tablet were similar to the reference capsules. Administered in either formulation, molnupiravir was generally safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, a single 400 mg tablet of molnupiravir is bioequivalent to the reference capsule formulation in healthy adults.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as
NCT06615869
.
Effects of Sup35 overexpression on the formation, morphology, and physiological functions of intracellular Sup35 assemblies
Authors: Feng Jianhui , Osmekhina Ekaterina , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Linder Markus B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The yeast prion protein Sup35 is aggregation-prone at high concentrations.
De novo
Sup35 prion formation occurs at a significantly increased rate after transient overexpression of Sup35 in the presence of another prion, [
PIN
+
], but it is still a rare event. Recent studies uncovered an additional and seemingly more prevalent role of Sup35: at its physiological level, it undergoes phase separation to form reversible condensates in response to transient stress. Stress-induced reversible Sup35 condensation in the [
psi
-
] strain enhances cellular fitness after stress ceases, whereas irreversible Sup35 aggregates in the [
PSI
+
] strain do not confer this advantage. However, how Sup35 overexpression, which could potentially lead to irreversible aggregation, affects its condensation under stress conditions remains unclear. In this study, we used a combinatorial method to examine how different levels of Sup35 overproduction and cellular conditions affect the nature, formation, and physical properties of Sup35 assemblies in yeast cells, as well as their impacts on cellular growth. We observed notable morphological distinctions between irreversible Sup35 aggregates and reversible Sup35 condensates, possibly indicating different formation mechanisms. In addition, Sup35 aggregation caused by a very high overexpression level can strongly inhibit cell growth, diminish the formation of stress-induced condensates when Sup35 is completely aggregated, and impair cellular recovery from stress. Together, this study advances our fundamental understanding of the physical properties and formation mechanism of different Sup35 assemblies and their impacts on cellular growth. We conclude that
in vivo
studies are sensitive to overexpression and can lead to assembly routes that strongly affect functions.

IMPORTANCE

The role of condensates in living cells is often studied by overexpression. For understanding their physiological role, this can be problematic. Overexpression can shift cellular functions, thereby changing the system under study, and overexpression can also affect the phase behavior of condensates by shifting the position of the system in the underlying phase diagram. Our detailed study of overexpression of Sup35 in
S. cerevisiae
shows the interplay between these factors and highlights basic features of intracellular condensation such as the balance between condensation and aggregation as well as how cellular localization and responsiveness depend on protein levels. We also apply super-resolution microscopy to highlight details within the cells.
Seneca Valley virus induces mitochondrial apoptosis by activating ER stress or the PERK pathway based on Ca
2+
transfer from ER to mitochondria
Authors: Hou Lei , Yang Xiaoyu , Liu Changzhe , Yu Ju , Wu Zhi , Wang Yong , Zeng Penghui , Guo Jinshuo , Shi Yongyan , Zhou Jianwei , Liu Jue 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Seneca Valley virus (SVV), also known as Senecavirus A, a porcine pathogen that causes vesicular diseases, is prevalent in pig herds worldwide. SVV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PK-15 and BHK-21 cells, accompanied by activation of the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways, which in turn facilitates SVV replication. ER stress is associated with the regulation of Ca
2+
homeostasis and mitochondrial apoptosis. However, the precise role of Ca
2+
in SVV-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, western blotting, flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) detection revealed that either ER stress or the PERK pathway is involved in the apoptosis of SVV-infected cells treated with specific inhibitors. Furthermore, SVV-mediated ER stress markedly contributed to the transfer of Ca
2+
from the ER to mitochondria. The subsequent increase in mitochondrial Ca
2+
content was accompanied by an increased number of ER membranes near the mitochondria. Finally, the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload, ER stress, and the PERK pathway substantially attenuated SVV-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by analyzing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial permeability transition poremPTP, reactive oxygen speciesROS, and adenosine 5′-triphosphate ATP, and the levels of mitochondrial apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that SVV induces mitochondrial apoptosis, which is dependent on ER stress-mediated transmission of Ca
2+
from the ER to the mitochondria.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses have developed multiple mechanisms to facilitate their proliferation or persistence through manipulating various organelles in cells. Seneca Valley virus (SVV), as a novel emerging pathogen associated with vesicular disease, is clinically and economically important infections that affect farm animals. Previously, we had confirmed that SVV-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress benefited for viral replication. Ca
2+
, as an intracellular signaling messenger mainly stored in the ER, is regulated by ER stress and then involved in apoptosis. However, the precise mechanism that Ca
2+
transfer induced by SVV infection triggered apoptosis remained unclear. Here, we found that SVV infection triggered the Ca
2+
transform from ER to mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, and finally induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Our study shed light on a novel mechanism revealing how ER stress manipulates Ca
2+
homeostasis to induce mitochondrial apoptosis and regulate viral proliferation.
Genome sequences of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
bacteriophages SF_KL2 and SF_KL25
Authors: Lorenz Sophia , Abreu Gabriel , Oliveira Hugo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This report describes the genomes of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
phages SF_KL2 and SF_KL25, which infect the encapsulated multidrug-resistant
K. pneumoniae
known to cause nosocomial infections. SF_KL2 and SF_KL25 belong to the genus
Webervirus
(
siphovirus
morphotype) and have genomes of 48,737 and 49,170 bp, respectively. The phages were isolated from wastewater in northern Portugal.
Evaluation of the LDBio ICT IgG/IgM lateral flow assay versus the Bordier Elisa assay for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in Nigeria
Authors: Balogun O. J. , Oladele R. O. , Ajibola O. O. E. , Davies A. A. , Fashanu T. A. , Nwosu A. O. , Ekeng B. E. , Gangneux J. P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The detection of anti-
Aspergillus
antibodies is key for diagnosing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Available techniques are limited and pose a considerable challenge in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the point-of-care test LDBio ICT IgG/IgM lateral flow assay (LDBio) versus that of the Bordier Elisa assay in a field study in Nigeria. Of the 97 serum samples tested in the CPA patient group, 71 tested positive by the LDBio assay with 69.4% sensitivity. In the non-CPA group, 286 of the 289 sera tested negative by the LDBio assay with 98.7% specificity. The Bordier test was positive for 97 of the 97 CPA serum samples tested, showing 100% sensitivity, significantly different from the LDBio test in detecting
Aspergillus
antibodies (
P
< 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the specificity between the two tests (
P
= 0.617). The results were in agreement for 353 of the 386 samples tested (91.5%), with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.75, indicating substantial agreement between the LDBio and Bordier test results. The LDBio lateral flow assay (LFA) test is a simple and rapid point-of-care test that can be used in field studies in which the Elisa test is not available. The lower sensitivity of the LDBio LFA in our field study could have been due to
A. fumigatus
being the species involved in only 50%–60% of cases in Nigeria, with
A. flavus
being more frequent than in Northern countries.

IMPORTANCE

Available techniques for the detection of
Aspergillus
IgG are limited and pose a considerable challenge in resource-limited settings in terms of affordability, skilled personnel, equipment, and a regular power supply. A point-of-care test would address most of these challenges. The LDBio lateral flow assay (LFA) test is a simple and rapid point-of-care test that can be used in field studies in which the Elisa test is not available. When combined with clinical features, the LFA can be used as a screening tool for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in settings such as ours; however, a lower sensitivity was observed compared to the Elisa.