bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a high‐order finite difference upwind scheme for the simulation of convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Ferreira V. G. , Kurokawa F. A. , Queiroz R. A. B. , Kaibara M. K. , Oishi C. M. , Cuminato J. A. , Castelo A. , Tomé M. F. , McKee S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article deals with the study of the development and application of the high‐order upwind ADBQUICKEST scheme, an adaptative bounded version of the QUICKEST for unsteady problems (Commun. Numer. Meth. Engng 2007; 23:419–445), employing both linear and nonlinear convection term discretization. This scheme is applicable to a wide range of computational fluid dynamics problems, where transport phenomena are of special importance. In particular, the performance of the scheme is assessed through an extensive numerical simulation study of advection–diffusion problems. The scheme, implemented in the context of finite difference methodology, combines a good approximation of shocks (or discontinuities) with a good approximation of the smooth parts of the solutions. In order to assess the performance of the scheme, seven problems are solved, namely (a) advection of scalars; (b) non‐linear viscous Burgers equation; (c) Euler equations of gas dynamics; (d) Newtonian flow in a channel; (e) axisymmetric Newtonian jet flow; (f) axisymmetric non‐Newtonian (generalized Newtonian) flow in a pipe; and (g) collapse of a fluid column. The numerical experiments clearly show that the scheme provides more consistent solutions than those found in the literature. From the study, the flexibility and robustness of the ADBQUICKEST scheme is confirmed by demonstrating its capability to solve a variety of linear and nonlinear problems with and without discontinuous solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudoaneurysm of the external carotid artery—Review of literature
Authors: Nadig Shri , Barnwell Stanley , Wax Mark K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground.Pseudoneurysms of the carotid artery are rarely encountered in clinical practice. When encountered they are most likely secondary to acute neck trauma, and involve the internal carotid. External carotid artery involvement is very rare.Methods.We report a case of an external carotid aneurysm following a neck dissection review the literature and discuss the investigation and management of these unusual lesions.Results.Incidence is 0.07%, but mortality can be as high as 30%. Clinical features include swelling and neurological complications. Diagnosis is with a high index of suspicion and imaging with duplex ultrasonography and CT angiography. Management options include observation, anticoagulation, ligation of the carotid artery with or without a bypass procedure, and arterial reconstruction.Conclusion.Early management with appropriate imaging and treatment to prevent significant mortality and morbidity is recommended. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
DNA copy number variation and loss of heterozygosity in relation to recurrence of and survival from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Chu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGenetic aberrations, such as DNA copy number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), have been implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) initiation and progression. This review examines CNV and LOH as predictors of HNSCC recurrence and mortality. We searched PubMed for relevant publications and compared and discussed results from the articles. Certain CNV and LOH events have consistently been associated with HNSCC recurrence and survival. The recent high‐resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have the potential to identify many more genetic changes and concurrent genome‐wide CNV, copy‐neutral and/or allelic imbalance LOH in HNSCC that may bear on prognosis. Our review confrms that outcome in HNSCC can be predicted to a considerable extent by the presence of tumor cell genetic aberrations. It points out the limitations of some methodologies that were used in the past and discusses the advantages and challenges of using genome‐wide SNP arrays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
Prognostic value of primary tumor volume after concurrent chemoradiation with daily low‐dose cisplatin for advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Hoebers Frank J. P. , Pameijer Frank A. , de Bois Josien , Heemsbergen Wilma , Balm Alfons J. M. , Schornagel Jan H. , Rasch Coen R. N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor volume in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiation.Methods.Forty‐six patients were treated with radiotherapy and cisplatin (6 mg/m2 IV x20, daily). Baseline primary tumor volume was recorded from MRI scans. The prognostic impact of tumor volume and other factors for locoregional control, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) was tested.Results.Mean tumor volume was 28 cm3 (median 23 cm3; range, 3–112). The locoregional control rate at 3 years was 81% for patients with tumor volumes <median compared to 48% for tumor volumes ≥ median (p = .036). At multivariate analysis, it appeared that tumor volume remained an independent determinant of locoregional control and survival when adjusted for other factors.Conclusions.In advanced‐stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiation, primary tumor volume is associated with locoregional control and survival. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether incorporation of tumor volume in the staging system improves prediction of treatment outcome and can serve as a tool to guide treatment options. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
Molecular signatures of metastasis in head and neck cancer
Authors: Colella Stefano , Richards Kristy L. , Bachinski Linda L. , Baggerly Keith A. , Tsavachidis Spiridon , Lang James C. , Schuller David E. , Krahe Ralf 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground.Metastases are the primary cause of cancer treatment failure and death, yet metastatic mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Methods.We studied the molecular basis of head and neck cancer metastasis by transcriptionally profiling 70 samples from 27 patients—matching normal adjacent tissue, primary tumor, and cervical lymph node metastases.Results.We identified tumor‐associated expression signatures common to both primary tumors and metastases. Use of matching metastases revealed an additional 46 dysregulated genes associated solely with head and neck cancer metastasis. However, despite being metastasis‐specific in our sample set, these 46 genes are concordant with genes previously discovered in primary tumors that metastasized.Conclusions.Although our data and related studies show that most of the metastatic potential appears to be inherent to the primary tumor, they are also consistent with the notion that a limited number of additional clonal changes are necessary to yield the final metastatic cell(s), albeit in a variable temporal order. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
Community organizations and sense of community: further development in theory and measurement
Authors: Peterson N. Andrew , Speer Paul W. , Hughey Joseph , Armstead Theresa L. , Schneider John E. , Sheffer Megan A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Community Organization Sense of Community Scale (COSOC) is a frequently used or cited measure of the construct in community psychology and other disciplines, despite a lack of confirmation of its underlying 4‐factor framework. Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesized structure of the COSOC, the potential effects of method bias on psychometric properties, and whether a revised measure (COSOC‐R) yielded improved model‐to‐data fit. Study 1 included year 2002 data from two samples: (a) randomly selected community residents (n=724) of five cities in the United States, and (b) randomly selected organizational members (n=508) of community‐organizing initiatives in the same five US cities. Study 2 included year 2006 data from organizational members (n=151) of community‐based prevention partnerships located in the midwestern United States. Results from both samples in Study 1 confirmed that method bias from the mixed use of positively and negatively worded items had a detrimental effect on the factor structure of the original COSOC. Results of Study 2 strongly supported the hypothesized 4‐factor structure of the COSOC‐R (i.e., relationship to organization, organization as mediator, influence of the organization, and bond to community). Study 2 results also showed that the overall COSOC‐R and its subscales were reliable and related in expected ways with psychological empowerment, community participation, and organizational involvement. Implications of the study and strategies to further develop the COSOC are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early parenting intervention aimed at maternal sensitivity and discipline: a process evaluation
Authors: Stolk Mirjam N. , Mesman Judi , van Zeijl Jantien , Alink Lenneke R. A. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Juffer Femmie , Koot Hans M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of the intervention process on the effectiveness of a program aimed at promoting positive parenting. The study involved a homogeneous intervention sample (N=120) of mothers and their 1‐, 2‐, or 3‐year‐old children screened for high levels of externalizing problems. The alliance between mother and intervener, mothers' active skills implementation, and father involvement were examined in relation to changes in maternal sensitivity and positive discipline strategies. Results revealed that only alliance predicted change in positive parenting. Implications for future process evaluations and intervention programs are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An accurate and nondestructive GC method for determination of cocaine on US paper currency
Authors: Zuo Yuegang , Zhang Kai , Wu Jingping , Rego Christopher , Fritz John 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe presence of cocaine on US paper currency has been known for a long time. Banknotes become contaminated during the exchange, storage, and abuse of cocaine. The analysis of cocaine on various denominations of US banknotes in the general circulation can provide law enforcement circles and forensic epidemiologists objective and timely information on epidemiology of illicit drug use and on how to differentiate money contaminated in the general circulation from banknotes used in drug transaction. A simple, nondestructive, and accurate capillary gas chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of cocaine on various denominations of US banknotes in this study. The method comprises a fast ultrasonic extraction using water as a solvent followed by a SPE cleanup process with a C18 cartridge and capillary GC separation, identification, and quantification. This nondestructive analytical method has been successfully applied to determine the cocaine contamination in US paper currency of all denominations. Standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from the LOQ (2.00 ng/mL) to 100 μg/mL and the RSD less than 2.0%. Cocaine was detected in 67% of the circulated banknotes collected in Southeastern Massachusetts in amounts ranging from ∼︁2 ng to 49.4 μg per note. On average, $5, 10, 20, and 50 denominations contain higher amounts of cocaine than $1 and 100 denominations of US banknotes.
Evaluation of mobile phase, ion pairing, and temperature influence on an HILIC‐MS/MS method for L‐arginine and its dimethylated derivatives detection
Authors: Paglia Giuseppe , D'Apolito Oceania , Tricarico Filomena , Garofalo Daniela , Corso Gaetano 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAsymmetric NG,–NG‐dimethylarginine (ADMA) increases in diseases such as renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. The feasibility and utility of a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) method for the separation of free L‐arginine (Arg), ADMA, and symmetric NG,–NG′‐dimethylarginine (SDMA) on a typical silica column were explored and the impact of some experimental parameters on the chromatographic behavior of these analytes was investigated. The effect of water and TFA content in mobile phase and of column temperature was investigated during the development of a fast and simple HILIC‐MS/MS method that might be suitable for the quantification of free Arg, ADMA, and SDMA in plasma for routine analysis. Our results show that a good compromise between efficiency and peak shape with acceptable retention and total chromatographic run time is achieved using an ACN/water (90:10) mobile phase with TFA% as additive ranging from 0.015 to 0.025% and column temperature ranging from 25 to 30°C.
A DEA‐based method to enhance intellectual capital management
Authors: Campisi Domenico , Costa Roberta 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn these days of ever increasing competitiveness and constantly evolving markets, the way a company leverages and measures its Intellectual Capital is crucial to its success and indeed to its survival. For investors, intangible assets represent indicators of the future performance, potentialities and, at the same time, weaknesses of a firm's business model. Although several methods for Intellectual Capital measurement and management exist, most of these methods are not able to identify and quantify the cause–effect link between Intellectual Capital management and business performance improvement. Following this lead, the paper suggests a methodology to overcome the lacks of the existing methods.A linear programming model (Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)) and the choice of inputs and outputs, properly correlated to components of the Intellectual Capital, allow us to determine the relative efficiency of an enterprise in comparison to other enterprises operating in the same business sector. Moreover, the optimal value of efficiency, that highlights a Best Practice, indicates, in term of percentage, the quantity of productive factors that an enterprise should use to become efficient. This approach offers the advantage of allowing us to make a direct comparison between firms of the same industry in the perspective of improvement through benchmarking.The paper concludes with the application of the DEA model to the evaluation of the productivity of intangible assets, trying to establish if the investments in Intellectual Capital have indeed achieved an increase in business performance significant enough to justify the sustained financial expenditure. The results show that enterprises that invest more in intangible assets are not automatically the ones that get better business performance, but there is a cause–effect relation only when an enterprise manages its intangible assets optimally. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron Beam Crosslinking of Atactic Poly(propylene): Development of a Potential Novel Elastomer
Authors: Schulze Ulrich , Majumder Papiya Sen , Heinrich Gert , Stephan Michael , Gohs Uwe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAtactic amorphous poly(propylene) of various molecular weights has been modified with high energy electrons over an irradiation dose range of 0–200 kGy. Tri‐ and tetrafunctional monomers in varied concentrations have been used as crosslinking additives. A correlation between the original molecular weight and crosslinking behavior of the polymer was observed. A higher gel content is obtained with the tetrafunctional acrylate as compared to that with the trifunctional one, under the same treatment conditions. Electron irradiation treatment at elevated temperature gives rise to an increased gel content over that at room temperature. Similarly, the mechanical properties also enhance with gel content. Moreover, the stress‐strain behavior of the electron modified systems indicates a more pronounced elastomeric nature.magnified image
Role of MyoD in denervated, disused, and exercised muscle
Authors: Legerlotz Kirsten , Smith Heather K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe myogenic regulatory factor MyoD plays an important role in embryonic and adult skeletal muscle growth. Even though it is best known as a marker for activated satellite cells, it is also expressed in myonuclei, and its expression can be induced by a variety of different conditions. Several model systems have been used to study the mechanisms behind MyoD regulation, such as exercise, stretch, disuse, and denervation. Since MyoD reacts in a highly muscle‐specific manner, and its expression varies over time and between species, universally valid predictions and explanations for changes in MyoD expression are not possible. This review explores the complex role of MyoD in muscle plasticity by evaluating the induction of MyoD expression in the context of muscle composition and electrical and mechanical stimulation. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Increased level of cell‐free placental mRNA in a subgroup of placenta previa that needs hysterectomy
Authors: Miura Kiyonori , Miura Shoko , Yamasaki Kentaro , Yoshida Atsushi , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Nakayama Daisuke , Niikawa Norio , Masuzaki Hideaki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether cell‐free placental mRNA levels have the potential to predict a placenta previa resulting in hysterectomy.MethodsTwenty‐eight singleton pregnant women with placenta previa were classified into the following four groups: 16 women with placenta located at a posterior part of the uterine wall (Group A); 4 each with placenta located at the anterior wall without (Group B) or with (Group C) previous cesarean section; and the other 4 with a history of previous cesarean section and who had the placenta located at an anterior part of uterine wall and underwent a cesarean hysterectomy (Group D). The maternal plasma concentrations of the cell‐free placental lactogen (PL) mRNA measured by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were converted into multiples of the median (MoM).ResultsThe MoM (range) values of cell‐free PL mRNA in the control group and Groups A to D were 1.00 (0.39–2.35), 2.04 (0.91–3.93), 2.58 (1.90–3.90), 3.50 (1.20–4.30), and 6.28 (5.24–7.63), respectively. The concentration of cell‐free PL mRNA was significantly higher in Group D than in Group A, B, or C (Mann–Whitney's U‐test, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe cell‐free PL mRNA concentration in maternal plasma has the potential to predict a subgroup of placenta accreta resulting in hysterectomy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sublethal and Killing Effects of Atmospheric‐Pressure, Nonthermal Plasma on Eukaryotic Microalgae in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tang Ying Zhong , Lu Xin Pei , Laroussi Mounir , Dobbs Fred C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn‐depth studies on the interaction of nonthermal plasmas with microorganisms usually focus on bacteria; only little attention has been given to their effects on more complex eukaryotic cells. We report here nonthermal plasma's effects on cell motility, viability staining, and morphology of eukaryotic microalgae, with three marine dinoflagellates and a marine diatom as major targets. The effects on motility and viability staining depended on the time of exposure to plasma and the species of microalgae. We observed a strong pH decrease in aqueous samples (marine and freshwater algal cultures, their culture media, and deionized water) after exposure to plasma, and hypothesized this decreased pH as the principal mechanism by which plasma exerts its deleterious effects on cells in aqueous media. The hypothesis was supported by results of experiments in which decreasing the pH of algal samples (effected by addition of acid) caused the same morphological damage (as determined with scanning‐electron microscopy) as did exposure to plasma.magnified image
Multiple spatial‐scale resource selection function models in relation to human disturbance for moose in northeastern China
Authors: Jiang Guangshun , Ma Jianzhang , Zhang Minghai , Stott Philip 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe moose (Alces alces cameloides) population in northeastern China is on the southernmost edge of its distribution in Asia. A survey was conducted to determine moose resource selection and the effects of human disturbance on moose in a study area of 20,661 ha located on the northwestern slope of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, located in northeastern China. Predictive models of resource selection were developed using logistic and autologistic regression. All models considered resource variable selection at two spatial scales, patch and landscape. At the patch scale, moose preferred larger birch (Betula platyphylla) patches, but avoided larger tamarack (Larix gmelinii) patches. At the landscape scale, moose preferred higher densities of tamarack patches, i.e., heterogeneity of tamarack stands, selected areas with more abundant annual shoots, terrain conducive to better concealment, higher altitudes and areas saturated with soil moisture. Roads and forest harvest intervals were identified as important human disturbance factors. This is the first time that moose have been reported to avoid roads, and the avoidance distance was nearly 3 km. We believe that in this region moose under the influence of roads are behaviorally plastic, compared with the indifference of moose to the presence of roads in other regions. Moose avoided forest areas logged more than 3 years previously and preferred areas logged 1–2 years previously. In addition, it may be necessary to monitor the effect of the dynamic of density of roe deer on the spatial distribution of the moose population.
Cut-off points for anthropometric indices of adiposity: differential classification in a large population of young women
Authors: Duggleby Sarah L. , Jackson Alan A. , Godfrey Keith M. , Robinson Siân M. , Inskip Hazel M. ,   the Southampton Women's Survey Study Group
Published: July 2008

Anthropometric indices of adiposity include BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio. In the recruitment phase of a prospective cohort study carried out between 1998 and 2002 we studied a population sample of 11 786 white Caucasian non-pregnant women in Southampton, UK aged 20–34 years, and explored the extent to which proposed cut-off points for the three indices identified the same or different women and how these indices related to adiposity. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and fat mass was estimated from skinfold thicknesses; fat mass index was calculated as fat mass/height1·65. Of the subjects, 4869 (42 %) women were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 1849 (16 %) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). A total of 890 (8 %) subjects were not overweight but had a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm and 748 (6 %) subjects were overweight but had a waist circumference < 80 cm (6 %). Of the women, 50 % had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm or a waist:height ratio ≥ 0·5. Of the variation in fat mass index, 85 % was explained by BMI, 76 % by waist circumference and 75 % by waist:height ratio. Our findings demonstrate that many women are differentially classified depending on which index of adiposity is used. As each index captures different aspects of size in terms of adiposity, there is the need to determine how the three indices relate to function and how they can be of use in defining risk of ill health in women.