bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retail personality and the Hispanic consumer
Authors: Wesley Scarlett C. , Fowler Deborah C. , Elena Vazquez Maria 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the personality characteristics Hispanic shoppers ascribe to US retailers. This study is an exploratory attempt to uncover inconsistencies between Hispanic shoppers' views of US retailers and how those retailers believe they are identified.Design/methodology/approachFocus group methodology used in the study allowed Hispanic shoppers to attribute personality characteristics to some of the most prevalent retailers in the USA.FindingsAnalysis revealed Hispanic shoppers' personification did affect their beliefs about retailers.Research limitations/implicationsThere are many implications for retailers wishing to capture more of the Hispanic market segment including the importance of brand identity of the retailer and the buyer's self‐image.Originality/valueThis paper explores Hispanic shoppers' actual beliefs about US retailers, and is unique because of the different type of data collection techniques utilized to capture the data. The personification technique allowed individual, detailed descriptions of US retailers to emerge.
Lattice‐BGK simulation of steady flow through vascular tubes with double constrictions
Authors: Huang Haibo , Lee T.S. , Shu C. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of Lattice‐BGK (LBGK) method application in simulation of the 3D flow through complex geometry. On the other hand, the steady flows through vascular tube with Reynolds number 10‐150 and different constriction spacing ratios are simulated.Design/methodology/approachThe numerical method is based on the LGBK method with an incompressible D3Q19 model. To treat the curved boundary, the “bounce back” scheme combined with spatial interpolation of second order is applied.FindingsThe highly axisymmetric property in the direct 3D tube flow simulation is observed. Solutions obtained from LBGK method are quite consistent with that of finite volume method (FVM). The overall order of accuracy of these LBGK solutions is about 1.89. The LBGK incompressible D3Q19 model with the curved boundary treatment can handle the problems of 3D steady flow through complex geometry.Research limitations/implicationsInvestigating the flow in constricted vascular tubes with different stenose shape and higher Reynolds number is left for future work.Practical implicationsLattice BGK method is the very useful tool to investigate the steady vascular flow.Originality/valueApplying LBGK method with incompressible D3Q19 model to simulate the steady flow through complex geometry. The accuracy and efficiency of the present LBGK solver are examined.
Evaluation of subgrid scale kinetic energy models in large eddy simulations of turbulent channel flow
Authors: Winkler C.M. , Rani Sarma L. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo evaluate the performance of different subgrid kinetic energy models across a range of Reynolds numbers while keeping the grid constant.Design/methodology/approachA dynamic subgrid kinetic energy model, a static coefficient kinetic energy model, and a “no‐model” method are compared with direct numerical simulation (DNS) data at two friction Reynolds numbers of 180 and 590 for turbulent channel flow.FindingsResults indicate that, at lower Reynolds numbers, the dynamic model more closely matches DNS data. As the amount of energy in the unresolved scales increases, the performance of both kinetic energy models is seen to decrease.Originality/valueThis paper provides guidance to engineers who routinely use a single grid to study a wide range of flow conditions (i.e. Reynolds numbers), and what level of accuracy can be expected by using kinetic energy models for large eddy simulations.
Heat transfer enhancement in turbulent tube flow using Al2O3 nanoparticle suspension
Authors: El Bécaye Maïga Sidi , Tam Nguyen Cong , Galanis Nicolas , Roy Gilles , Maré Thierry , Coqueux Mickaël 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo study the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of a turbulent flow of nanofluids, which are composed of saturated water and Al2O3 nanoparticles at various concentrations, flowing inside a tube submitted to a uniform wall heat flux boundary condition.Design/methodology/approachA numerical method based on the “control‐volume” approach was used to solve the system of non‐linear and coupled governing equations. The classical κ‐ε model was employed in order to model the turbulence, together with staggered non‐uniform grid system. The computer model, satisfactorily validated, was used to perform an extended parametric study covering wide ranges of the governing parameters. Information regarding the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of nanofluid flow are presented.FindingsNumerical results show that the inclusion of nanoparticles into the base fluid has produced an augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient, which has been found to increase appreciably with an increase of particles volume concentration. Such beneficial effect appears to be more pronounced for flows with moderate to high Reynolds number. In reverse, the presence of nanoparticles has induced a rather drastic effect on the wall shear stress that has also been found to increase with the particle loading. A new correlation, Nufd=0.085 Re0.71 Pr0.35, is proposed to calculate the fully‐developed heat transfer coefficient for the nanofluid considered.Practical implicationsThis study has provided an interesting insight into the nanofluid thermal behaviors in the context of a confined tube flow. The results found can be easily exploited for various practical heat transfer and thermal applications.Originality/valueThe present study is believed to be an interesting and original contribution to the knowledge of the nanofluid thermal behaviors.
Numerical calculation of fully developed laminar flow in irregular annuli
Authors: Haddad O.M. , Al‐Odat M.Q. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study seeks to focus on the annular flow between rectangular and equilateral‐triangular ducts under all possible arrangements. The aim of this work is to obtain accurate prediction of the friction factor of this flow using high‐order finite element method.Design/methodology/approachSteady and fully developed laminar flow of incompressible Newtonian fluid in an annulus of variable cross‐sectional geometry is investigated numerically. Accurate prediction of the friction factor of this flow was obtained using high‐order finite element method.FindingsThe results were in agreement with already published findings in the literature. It was found that a higher annular area ratio will lead to a monotonic increase in fRe value in the case of regular annuli, and will lead to an increase followed by a decrease in fRe value in the case of irregular annuli. Also, it was, found that irregular annuli have lower fRe value than regular annuli, and that the square‐in‐triangle case has the lowest fRe value, whereas the square‐in‐square case has the highest fRe value.Originality/valueAccurate prediction of the friction factor of the laminar flow in irregular annuli was obtained. Also, the obtained results can be utilized to optimize the annular geometries under consideration. In addition, the obtained results can lead to the design of more efficient heat exchangers.
Numerical analysis of natural convection in parallel, convergent, and divergent open‐ended channels
Authors: Marcondes Francisco , de Souza Melo Vinícius , Maurício Gurgel Jose 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo investigate the natural convection in open‐ended parallel, convergent, and divergent channels using a fully elliptic procedure without extending the domain outside the channel for the application of the boundary conditions at the inlet and outlet of the channels.Design/methodology/approachThe model is two‐dimensional and fully elliptic in x and y directions, and the equations are solved only inside the channel by the finite volume method using a co‐located arrangement with a segregated procedure and boundary fitted coordinates. The pressure‐velocity coupling is solved by the PRIME algorithm.FindingsThe results are shown in terms of velocity vectors, streamlines, isotherms, and the local and the average Nusselt number for all fluids and configurations investigated. For high values of the Rayleigh number, a recirculation region in the outlet of all investigated configurations and Prandtl numbers was observed. Based on the results, a single correlation is proposed to evaluate the average Nusselt number for all fluids and configurations analyzed.Research limitations/implicationsThe shown results are based on the following hypothesis: steady‐state, two‐dimensional, laminar flow, and Boussinesq's aproximation. The results are presented in following range of parameters: 105<(Smax/L)RaSmax<108, where Smax denotes the maximum distance between the plates and Ra denotes the Rayleigh number; half angle of convergence or divergence (θ): 5° and 15°; and Prandtl numbers: 0.7, 5.0, and 88.Originality/valueLocal and average Nusselt numbers, for Prandtl numbers varying from 0.70 to 88, and a correlation for the average Nusselt number for all fluids and configurations are presented. The results presented in this paper are useful to engineers and researchers involved in thermal design and numerical methods.
An FE‐based sequential inverse algorithm for heat flux calculation during impingement water cooling
Authors: Gadala Mohamed S. , Xu Fuchang 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo develop an effective and reliable procedure for the calculation of heat fluxes from the measured temperatures in experimental tests of impingement water cooling.Design/methodology/approachAn inverse heat transfer analysis procedure is developed and implemented into a 2D finite element program. In this method, the least‐squares technique, sequential function specification and regularization are used. Simplifications in the sensitivity matrix calculation and iterative procedures are introduced. The triangular and impulse‐like profiles of heat fluxes simulating practical conditions of impingement water cooling are used to investigate the accuracy and stability of the proposed inverse procedure. The developed program is then used to determine the heat flux during impingement water cooling.FindingsA hybrid procedure is developed in which inverse calculations are conducted with a computation window. This procedure may be used as a whole time domain method or become a periodically sequential or real sequential method by adjusting the sequential steps.Originality/valueParametric study and application show that the developed method is effective and reliable and that inverse analysis may obtain the heat flux with an acceptable level of accuracy.
The social stereotypes of the Portuguese female and male manager
Authors: Fernandes Emília , Cabral‐Cardoso Carlos 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the social stereotypes of the male and the female manager and their implications for the persistent inequalities between men and women in the management context.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted using a sample of undergraduate management students who were asked to fill in a questionnaire containing a comprehensive list of descriptors of male and female managers.FindingsThe social stereotypes of the female and the male manager appear to be relatively close and reflecting the dimensions of instrumentality and rationality associated with the work and the management contexts. The similarity is explained by the adoption of the masculine subcategory as the referent to the female manager. In contrast with what was obtained for the female manager, respondents tend to associate the male manager exclusively with the public context. Female students, in particular, seem to assume the social constraints inherent to women as a social category, while perceiving the female manager as an outstanding individual who goes beyond what is expected for her gender group.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research needs to overcome thinking about gender as a dichotomy and start voicing the diversity of women and men managers as individuals.Practical implicationsThe recognition and acceptance of women in management will not be achieved simply by the demographic feminisation of management. It requires questioning the symbolic meanings embedded in the management discourse and social practices that keep the masculine as the referent.Originality/valueThe findings point towards an asymmetric relationship between the meanings associated with the female and the male manager subcategories that lead to additional difficulties in the acceptance of women as managers and help to understand the inequalities that persist between men and women in management.
Gender‐related boardroom dynamics
Authors: Huse Morten , Grethe Solberg Anne 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe objective of this article is to examine and conceptualise gender‐related boardroom dynamics that affect how women can make contributions on corporate boards.Design/methodology/approachStories were collected from eight women directors about their experiences from more than 100 corporate boards. Narrative methods were used in the data analysis.FindingsWomen as well as men need to understand the power game inside and outside the boardroom. Their contribution depends on the ability and willingness to make alliances with the most influential actors, to spend time on preparations, being present on the most important decision‐making arenas, and to take leadership roles.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for theory as well as practice. Process‐oriented theories should be included in studies of boards and governance, and the study showed that boardroom dynamics are not neutral to gender. Concepts and relationships are suggested that should be included in further theory development. The study has also given several practical examples and suggestions on how women can make contributions on corporate boards.Originality/valueThe study has value for developing the role of women directors.
Deinfluentization and self‐monitoring as influence regulation tactics of Polish women and men managers
Authors: Kożusznik Barbara 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAccording to the situational theories of leadership managers should adapt their influence tactics to situational demands but there is still a constant problem with managerial influence because managers using influence (whether “hard” or “soft”) mostly “cling” to it. The paper examines how managers regulate their influences with the help of deinfluentization (DEI) – the ability to consciously withdraw one's influence and self‐monitoring (S‐M) – the ability to regulate one's image in the presence of others and to compare women's and men's managerial abilities.Design/methodology/approachResearch work was conducted in one of the largest electro‐energy organization's /N=169 managers/ as a part of regular annual managers' appraisal procedure. A S‐M scale was used, scale of managers's influence and DEI scales that the author had constructed.FindingsAnalysis revealed different patterns of DEI and S‐M connected with high and low appraisal. High DEI and high self‐monitors were perceived as the most effective managers no matter what kind of influence they used. Women managers made up half of this group.Practical implicationsDeveloping “clinging to influence” managerial behaviour brings too much stress and pressure for both women and men managers. Managers should enrich their knowledge about influence regulation tactics as DEI and S‐M. Women managers should not only give up their femininity but also enrich their managerial role with DEI behaviour and make it part of their own strengths.Originality/valueThe paper supports the theoretical work on S‐M and aids in understanding how the human capital in an organization can be used better.
Does size matter? Gender‐based equal opportunity in UK small and medium enterprises
Authors: Woodhams Carol , Lupton Ben 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the take up of gender‐based equal opportunities policies and practices in small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and explores the relationship between size and take up within the SME sector.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on detailed data generated by a European Social Fund sponsored equality audit tool (breakthrough). This is an interactive, questionnaire‐based programme incorporating 60 questions on human resources policies and practices relevant to gender‐based equal opportunity. The questionnaire was administered within a structured interview, which was recorded and transcribed. In the North West of England, 80 SMEs, across a range of sectors, participated.FindingsThe data revealed that, while there was some evidence of take up of good equality practice in SMEs, many small businesses were not active in this area and indeed a sizeable minority were perpetuating discriminatory practices. Medium‐sized organisations were more likely to have, and implement, equality policies than small ones. However, in one area, around flexibility to meet carer responsibilities, the small organisations performed better. Analysis of moderating variables suggests that it is factors related to size, rather than sizeper se, that explain the differences in take up between small‐ and medium‐sized firms.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the need to find ways to engage SME managers with the equality agenda. It explores the distinctive features of the small firms and their environment which may inhibit this at present and set out an agenda for future research which will deepen understanding in this area and inform policy.
Perceptions of racism and illusions of equity
Authors: Hite Linda M. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address an under‐represented aspect of the literature on gender and work – how Black and White women managers perceive the influence of racism in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered using a survey instrument and compared using χ2 analyses. Theoretical constructs of aversive racism, White racial identity, and White privilege frame the discourse and the proposed model.FindingsCompared to their White counterparts, more Black respondents perceived racism in their workplaces, were supportive of affirmation action, and saw racial as well as gender disparities in work effort required for success. In contrast, many White participants did not perceive workplace racism, saw little need for affirmative action initiatives, and seemed to hold an illusion of equity regarding work effort.Research limitations/implicationsOne is a small response percentage for Black participants. Two, members of the organizations selected may not be representative of the general population. Future research should be conducted within organizations and include other under‐represented groups to guide organizational responses to combined race/ethnicity and gender concerns.Practical implicationsEven well‐meaning White women may be perpetuating racial inequities and inadvertently hurting their sisters of color by not acknowledging the pervasive influence of race on gender experience. Similarly, if organizations address only gender issues and do not acknowledge the additional constraints of race for women of color, careers of talented women and organizations that need their expertise will suffer.Originality/valueThe perceptions of racism model suggests potential antecedents for the illusion of equity perceived by White respondents.
Gender and the relationship between perceived fairness in pay, promotion, and job satisfaction in a sub‐Saharan African economy
Authors: Okpara John O. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived gender differences in pay and promotion of bank managers in Nigeria, and how these differences affect job overall satisfaction of male and female bank managers in selected banks in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe population for this study comprised bank managers who were members of the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria. A total of 800 questionnaires were sent to potential respondents chosen from 50 banks. A total of 512 usable questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 64 percent.FindingsResults of this study indicate that a salary differential does exist between male and female bank managers in Nigeria. Male managers were more satisfied with their salary than their female colleagues. Results also indicated that there were gender differences in promotion. Male managers were overall more satisfied with their company promotion policies than their female counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to the banking industry. Thus, the results cannot be generalized to other industrial sectors of the economy. This study needs to be replicated in other organizations using the same method.Practical implicationsThe study offers practical suggestions to the banking industry and human resources managers on how to recruit, pay, promote and retain women managers as well as to maintain gender equity in the industry.Originality/valueThe study examines gender related issues in a developing economy this is under‐researched area. It offers recommendations on how to provide opportunities for women to excel in the banking industry in a developing economy.
Action research to develop work‐life balance in a UK university
Authors: Doherty Liz , Manfredi Simonetta 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to show the extent to which an action research approach, which incorporates learning from previous studies and interventions, can be used to progress work‐life balance (WLB) policies and practices in a university context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on the now considerable knowledge relating to the theory and practice of WLB. It adopts an action research/change management approach as part of a project partly funded by the Department for Trade and Industry partnership scheme. Specific methods utilised include a fundamental review of organisational policy using an evaluative matrix and an analysis of the outcomes of four workshops with 51 line managers.FindingsThe findings show considerable differences between the experiences of administrative, professional, technical and clerical (APT&C) staff and academics. In particular, APT&C staff seek a greater sense of “entitlement” and more trust and autonomy, whereas academic staff seek a more manageable work load. By moving through the stages of the action research cycle, many of the limitations associated with past WLB initiatives can be overcome for APT&C staff. By comparison, universities' disinclination to tackle academic work intensification is best explained by the lack of labour market pressure to do so and the fact that sustainable WLB does not constitute part of the “tablestakes” of academic employment.Originality/valueThe paper presents theoretical models, together with practical approaches for embedding WLB into organisational cultures. It also offers theoretical explanations for employers' predisposition to adopt WLB change programmes.