bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
27.4: Characteristics of AC‐PDP Test Panels with Fence‐Type Aluminum Electrode Formed via Anodic Bonding with Soda‐Lime Glass
Authors: Lee Seog‐Young , Lee Mi‐Yeon , Lee DongHeon , Kim Yong‐Seog 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFence‐type aluminum electrode was prepared on soda‐lime glass substrate by chemically etching aluminum foil which was bonded to the substrate via anodic‐bonding process. Several different designs of the fence‐type sustaining electrode were attempted and its effects on optical transmittance were examined. Test panels with those fence‐type aluminum electrodes were prepared and their firing voltages, luminance and luminance efficiency were measured and compared with conventional ac‐PDPs. The results demonstrated a possibility of using aluminum electrode for front plate of ac‐PDDs.
28.3: Novel Grating Alignment of LCs for Multi‐Domain Structures
Authors: Tamaki Masaya , Kabe Masaaki , Iwasaki Yoh 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe propose a novel grating alignment featuring that liquid crystal (LC) molecules align orthogonally to grooves when they shape in a specific geometries coated with polyimide films. This paper discusses the alignment characteristics and shows the excellent performance for generating microscopic multi‐domain structures. This grating structure demonstrates a successful application to LCDs.
29.1: Invited Paper: Recent Progress in Light‐Emitting Polymers for Full Color OLEDs
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Tsubata Yoshiaki , Sekine Chizu , Ohnishi Toshihiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have significantly improved the efficiency, lifetime and hue of red, green, blue (RGB) light‐emitting polymers (LEPs) through intensive studies on degradation and charge balance in polymer organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The degradation of LEPs during device operation is shown to result from decreased emissive material fluorescence efficiency and a loss of charge‐carrier balance. Laser photolysis results show that low‐energy sites are generated in the LEP during driving, leading to the quenching of blue and green emission, but not red emission. Charge carrier balance also shifts due to decreased electron injection compared with hole injection. Taking these degradation mechanisms, we have focused on copolymerization of various functional units to stabilize the photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the balance of charge carriers. In this paper, we present the degradation mechanism and performance of our latest RGB LEPs.
30.3: Highly Flexible Low Power Consumption AMOLED Displays on Ultra‐Thin Stainless Steel Substrates
Authors: Ma Rui‐Qing , Rajan Kamala , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J. , Cheon Jun Hyuk , Kim Se Hwan , Kang Moon Hyo , Lee Won Gyu , Jang Jin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe present results demonstrating that low power consumption phosphorescent AMOLED displays can be fabricated on ultra‐thin (25 μm) stainless steel substrates, combining an amorphous silicon backplane with a top emission phosphorescent OLED frontplane. Preliminary results show the performance of amorphous silicon backplanes adequate to drive AMOLED displays, and flexibility results on these backplanes show that they operate when conformed to a tight diameter of only 5 mm.
32.4: Invited Paper: The Pursuit of High‐Definition 3D Display Technology
Authors: Tsai Chao‐Hsu , Chen Wu‐Li , Hsu Wei‐Liang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe status and limitation of 3D display technology are presented. Due to the difficulty in realizing high‐definition autostereoscopic displays, glasses‐type 3D displays are suggested as a better choice for home applications in short term and several technologies of them are introduced. However, autostereoscopic displays with comparable image quality with the glasses‐type ones are definitely important for the popular acceptance of the products and the continue development of the 3D industry. In this paper, a method using proximity projector array to implement high‐definition autostereoscopic displays is proposed for long‐term development.
38.4L: Late‐News Paper: A New Low‐Power Driving Method for High‐Resolution Mobile IPS Panels
Authors: Takada Naoki , Mamba Norio , Eriguchi Takuya , Furuhashi Tsutomu , Maki Masahiro , Satou Hideo , Nagao Shouji , Iwasaki Shinichi , Hashimoto Shinya , Akiyama Kenichi , Kotani Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHigh‐resolution displays are now needed for mobile equipment, not only for cell phones, but also for other devices such as ultramobile PCs and mobile Internet Protocol Television s (IPTV). We have developed a new low‐cost and low‐power driving method for the high‐resolution IPS panel on the LTPS TFT platform. This method drives common electrodes separated by each line. So it can reduce inversion frequency, compared with “dot‐inversion” or “line‐inversion”. We also developed a prototype of a 5‐inch WXGA (1366 × 768) using our new driving method and confirmed good display quality and a low‐power consumption that was nearly equal to that of frame inversion.
7.1: Invited Paper: Technologies and Prospects of Fine Pitch Field Emission Display Monitor
Authors: Iguchi Yukinobu , Kenmotsu Hidenori , Hatano Yasuhito , Kato Yoshimitsu , Kanagawa Shinji , Ishii Takahide , Okanan Satoshi , Kosugi Tomoo , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Kokubu Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Shohei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTaking advantage of a line‐sequential impulse drive system which is free from motion blur, FED has a capability to display clear and bright moving pictures. This paper reviews advantages and conditions of impulse drive system and describes how the system could be fully implemented in “nano‐Spindt” FED by viewing its performance and technologies to resolve issues related cathode, faceplate and spacer. Finally, perspective for fine pitch FED monitor is discussed.
45.3: Cost Effective 60Hz FHD LCD with 800Mbps AiPi Technology
Authors: Nam Hyoungsik , Oh Kwan Young , Kim Seon Ki , Kim Nam Deog , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo , Lee Yongjae , Nakajima Keiichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAiPi technology incorporates an embedded clock and control scheme with a point‐to‐point bus topology, achieving the smallest possible number of interface lines between a timing controller and source drivers. A point‐to‐point architecture enables the data rate to be boosted and the number of interface lines to be reduced because impedance matching can be easily achieved. An embedded clock and control scheme is implemented by means of multi‐level signaling resulting in simple clock/data recovery circuitry. A 46″ AiPi‐based 10‐bit FHD prototype requires only 20 interface lines, compared to 38 lines for mini‐LVDS. The measured maximum data rate per one data pair is more than 800Mbps.
46.1: Invited Paper: Novel Design for Full‐Color Electronic Paper
Authors: Lenssen Kars‐Michiel H. , Baesjou Patrick J. , Budzelaar Frank P. M. , Van Delden Marc H. W. M. , Roosendaal Sander J. , Stofmeel Leon W. G. , Verschueren Alwin R. M. , Van Glabbeek Jack J. , Osenga Johan T. M. , Schuurbiers Roland M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDespite a steep increase in commercial devices comprising paper‐like displays, a much desired feature is still missing: bright full‐color electronic paper. We have developed a new reflective display technology to solve this issue. for the first time we will report about the principles behind our in‐plane electrophoretic technology, which enables the realization of full‐color reflective displays with a higher brightness than all present e‐paper technologies, without compromising paper‐like properties like viewing angle and ultra‐low power consumption. An additional major advantage (e.g. for future low‐cost manufacturing) is that, besides direct‐drive and active‐matrix configurations, a passive‐matrix option has been developed successfully.
47.2: Luminescence Quenching in Blue Fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Young Ralph H. , Lenhard Jerome R. , Kondakov Denis Y. , Hatwar Tukaram K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe radical ion of the familiar hole‐transport material NPB (i.e., NPB⋅+) absorbs strongly in the blue region of the spectrum. Therefore, it can quench blue luminescence by Förster energy transfer. A high concentration of NPB⋅+ at the interface between an NPB hole‐transport layer (HTL) and a blue light‐emitting layer (LEL) severely limits the luminescence efficiency of the emitting blue dopant. The efficiency can be improved dramatically by modifying either (a) the anode contact with a thin layer of CuPc, thereby increasing the field strength in the HTL, or (b) the cathode contact with a thin layer of Bphen, thereby reducing the field strength in the LEL. Both strategies reduce the difference in electric field strength across the interface, reduce the interfacial concentration of NPB⋅+, and suppress the quenching. Experimental evidence is provided by a spectrum of electrochemically generated NPB⋅+, simultaneous photo‐ and electroluminescence measurements on model OLEDs, and electrical characterization of the devices.
47.3: Highly Efficient Fluorescent Deep Blue Dopant for “Super Top Emission” Device
Authors: Funahashi Masakazu , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Yabunouchi Nobuhiro , Fukuoka Kenichi , Kuma Hitoshi , Hosokawa Chishio , Kambe Emiko , Yoshinaga Tadahiko , Fukuda Toshihiro , Kijima Yasunori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe successfully synthesized a new excellent fluorescent deep blue dopant BD‐4. The bottom emission device with BD‐4 has a good color coordinate in CIE 1931 chromaticity of (0.140, 0.133) with high current efficiency of 6.46cd/A. BD‐4 gives us better performance with current efficiency of 3.9cd/A with CIE chromaticity of (0.133,0.065) with the optimization for our “Super Top Emission” device structure. The internal quantum efficiency of this device is 28.5% which is beyond across the theoretical limit.
54.3:Distinguished Paper: White Stacked OLED with 35 lm/W and 100,000 Hours Lifetime at 1000 cd/m2for Display and Lighting Applications
Authors: Birnstock Jan , He Gufeng , Murano Sven , Werner Ansgar , Zeika Olaf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe three critical parameters to determine the commercial success of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), both in display and lighting applications, are: power efficiency, lifetime, and price competitiveness. PIN technology is widely considered as the preferred way to maximum power efficiency and lifetime. Here we report a high efficiency and long lifetime white light‐emitting diode, which has been realized by stacking a blue fluorescent emission unit together with green and red phosphorescent emission units.Novaled proprietary materials have been used in transport layers of each emission unit, which significantly improves the power efficiency and stability. The power efficiency at 1,000 cd/m2is 35 lm/W with CIE color coordinates of (0.43, 0.44) and a color rendering index (CRI) of 90. An extrapolated lifetime at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m2is above 100,000 hours, which fulfils the specifications for most applications. The emission color can also be easily tuned towards the equal energy white for display applications by selecting emitting materials and varying the transport layer cavities.
56.4:Invited Paper: New‐Technology Light Sources for Projection Displays
Authors: Brennesholtz Matthew S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractVirtually all projectors sold for professional or consumer applications use HID lamps as a light source. The most common lamps are ultra‐high pressure mercury lamps for most applications and xenon lamps for high‐end applications. New light sources including lasers, LEDs and microwave‐powered electrodeless lamps are challenging the dominance of HID lamps. This paper highlights the advantages and limitations of projection light sources, including example applications.
57.4: Thin Side‐Lit, Hollow‐Cavity Flat LED Lighting Panel for Ultra‐Uniform LCD Backlight Applications
Authors: Tsuchiya Ryuji , Kawasaki Yoji , Ikebe Shota , Shiba Toshiaki , Kinoshita Junichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new and thin, FL2P(Flat LED Lighting Panel) with ultra‐high‐uniformity for LCD backlight is presented. It has a hollow‐cavity structure consisting of a pair of LED/collimator units, a slightly curved bottom reflector and a top diffuser, without any planar light guide inside. It has a great advantage of making itself thinner, less weight and lower cost. The LED/collimator unit has a collimating cylindrical lens and a side‐placed RGB LED array. The collimating lens is developed particularly for higher‐coupling efficiency and narrower beam to achieve thinner structure and more excellent uniformity.
59.1: Invited Paper: A Display Simulation Toolbox
Authors: Farrell Joyce , Ng Gregory , Larson Kevin , Wandell Brian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Display Simulation Toolbox (DST) is an integrated suite of software tools that help the user characterize the key properties of display devices and predict the radiance of displayed images. Assuming that pixel emissions are independent, the DST uses the sub‐pixel point spread functions, spectral power distributions, and gamma curves to calculate display image radiance. for LCD displays, the assumption of pixel independence assumption is reasonably accurate. for CRT displays it is not.
59.5L: Late‐News Paper: Evaluation of a Prototype Grating‐Light‐Valve Laser Projector for Flight Simulation Applications
Authors: Winterbottom Marc , Gaska James , Geri George , Sweet Barbara 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn evaluation of a prototype grating light valve laser projector indicates it has properties well‐suited to flight‐Simulation applications. Full‐field luminance and contrast, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and color stability were equal to or better than those of CRT projectors typically used in flight‐Simulator applications. In addition, this projector is capable of providing refresh rates greater than 60 Hz. The higher refresh rates eliminate perceived flicker, and greatly reduce (120 Hz) or eliminate (240 Hz) motion artifacts over the range of target speeds tested.
61.3: 3.0‐in. 308‐ppi WVGA AMOLED by Top‐Emitting White OLED with Color Filter
Authors: Kim SangYeol , Kim MuGyeom , Lee SungHun , Song JeongBae , Tamura Shinichiro , Kang SungKee , Kim JongMin , Cho SungWoo , Cho JaeYoung , Suh MinChul , Kim HyeDong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report 3.0 inch 308ppi full‐color WVGA AMOLED display using top‐emitting white OLEDs and color filters. White OLEDs were fabricated with fluorescent materials. We achieved a color gamut of >90% vs. NTSC and (u',v') of <0.02 (condition?). An external quantum efficiency of 8.45% and a current efficiency of 16cd/A were obtained at 4000nit with CIE coordinates of (0.30, 0.32).
64.3: Super‐Gaussian Light Spread Function for High Dynamic Range Displays
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Kuo , Lu Yen‐Hsing , Lu Po‐I , Tien Chung‐Hao , Shieh Han‐Ping D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSuper‐Gaussian light spread function was designed for high dynamic range liquid crystal displays. A dual‐liquid‐crystal‐panel system was constructed to simulate an HDR display, and to evaluate the implementation of the proposed super‐Gaussian and a general Gaussian distributions. According to the results, luminance uniformity and processing time of super‐Gaussian LSF are superior to those of Gaussian LSF by factors of 1.55 and 178, respectively. Contrast ratio is improved by a factor about 2 to 4.15 as well. In addition, the undesired artifact, grid lines, can be suppressed to be invisible.
A transgenic strain of the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansas a biomonitor for heavy metal contamination
Authors: Ma Hongbo , Glenn Travis C. , Jagoe Charles H. , Jones Kenneth L. , Williams Phillip L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMetallothionein (MT), a protein involved in metal regulation and detoxification, has been used widely as a biomarker of metal exposure. In the present study, a transgenic strain of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was developed using the C. elegans MT-2 (mtl-2) promoter to control the transcription of green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter. Response of this transgenic system to Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and As exposure in aquatic media was tested by quantifying GFP expression after 24 h of exposure. Response in Cd-spiked soil was tested in a similar manner. The mtl-2 transcription also was measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to gain a mechanistic understanding of the transgene expression. Green fluorescence protein is induced by Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; mtl-2 transcription is consistent with the GFP response. The minimum concentrations of Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn that induce GFP response are 2- to 1,00 Of old lower than concentrations affecting traditional endpoints, such as lethality or behavioral change. The system responds to Cd in soil in a similar manner. Neither Ni nor Pb induces GFP, and neither induces mtl-2 transcription. Arsenic does not induce GFP, yet an increase in mtl-2 transcription was found, suggesting that As may interfere with GFP signaling. This mtl-2::GFP transgenic bioassay represents an alternative approach to quantify, both easily and quickly, a surrogate of MT in response to metal exposure (e.g., Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn) in a variety of environments and potentially may be used for quantitative or semiquantitative biomonitoring of metal contamination in soils and aquatic systems.
Economic Influences on Moral Values
Authors: Östling Robert 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This paper extends standard consumer theory to account for endogenous moral motivation. Building on cognitive dissonance theory, I show how moral values are affected by changes in prices and income. The key insight is that changes in prices and income that lead to higher consumption of an immoral good also affect the moral values held by the consumer so that the good is considered less immoral. A preliminary empirical analysis based on the World Values Survey is consistent with the model's predictions with respect to income.
Nonextensive perfect hydrodynamics — a model of dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics?
Authors: Osada Takeshi , Wilk Grzegorz 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We demonstrate that nonextensive perfect relativistic hydrodynamics (q-hydrodynamics) can serve as a model of the usual relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics (d-hydrodynamics) therefore facilitating considerably its applications. As an illustration, we show how using q-hydrodynamics one gets the q-dependent expressions for the dissipative entropy current and the corresponding ratios of the bulk and shear viscosities to entropy density, ζ/s and η/srespectively.
Single Medial Approach to Modified Double Arthrodesis in Rigid Flatfoot with Lateral Deficient Skin
Authors: Brilhault Jean 
Published: January 2009

Background: Triple arthrodesis through a two-incision approach is the traditional surgical treatment of fixed flatfoot in adults. However, since it limits motion and forces the remaining joints to absorb more load, long-term studies report diminishing results over time from symptomatic breakdown of adjacent joints. In addition, wound-healing problems have been reported in up one-third of patients undergoing a major flatfoot reconstruction which are more commonly associated with the anterolateral approaches. Therefore, since 2003, we have been interested in selective arthrodesis of the subtalar and talonavicular joints sparing the uninvolved calcaneocuboid joint and the lateral skin. Materials and Method: We have performed this procedure in 11 patients (14 feet) who had deficient lateral skin and a fixed hindfoot valgus deformity where adequate correction may have led to lateral wound complication. They were followed in a prospective fashion and assessed at a minimum of 6 months followup. Results: Wound healing occurred without any complications in all cases. Evaluation was performed at an average of 21.5 (range, 6 to 50) months. Significant radiographic improvements were observed on each measurement: anteroposterior talonavicular coverage angle improved from 38.5 degrees to 7 degrees, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle improved from 21 degrees to 0 degrees, hindfoot frontal alignment angle improved from 18 degrees to 7.5 degrees. All patients had an asymptomatic calcaneocuboid joint. Conclusion: Arthrodesis of the subtalar and talonavicular joints through a medial approach combined with peroneal lengthening is a reliable procedure for the treatment of rigid flatfoot with deficient lateral skin without calcaneocuboid joint degeneration. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Comparison of 4.5- and 5.5-mm Cannulated Stainless Steel Screws for Fifth Metatarsal Jones Fracture Fixation
Authors: Porter David A. , Dobslaw Rebecca , Duncan Melissa 
Published: January 2009

Background: Complications including delayed and nonunions, and extensive time nonweightbearing with conservative treatment of fifth metatarsal Jones fractures, have led authors to recommend surgical fixation for this fracture in athletes who wish to return to activity quickly. The optimal surgical procedure, however, has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5.5-mm cannulated screw fixation for fifth metatarsal stress fractures in athletes and compare them to an earlier cohort treated with a 4.5mm screw. Materials and Methods: Twenty athletes were treated surgically with a 5.5-mm cannulated screw and postoperatively wore a removable walking boot, applied cold compression, initiated immediate range of motion, and used crutches for 1 week. Fractures were evaluated for clinical and radiographic healing. These findings were compared to a group that used 4.5-mm screws. Results: Average radiographic healing was 96.7% and all fractures healed clinically. Athletes returned to sports in an average of 9.3 weeks. There were three re-injuries that were treated with 2 weeks in a walking boot. No patients have required screw removal or have experienced pain at the hardware site, besides the three re-injuries. When compared to the earlier study, no differences were found. However, there were no re-fractures in the 4.5-mm study, but there were three bent screws. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the clinical effectiveness of the 5.5-mm screw. However, with the numbers available, we were unable to demonstrate significant improvement over the 4.5-mm screw and thus cannot conclude that a larger screw is more effective. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Control Study
Tissue Specific Esterase Isozyme Banding Pattern in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)
Authors: Shahjahan Reza Md , Karim Afroja , Begum Rowshan Ara , Alam Mohammad Shamimul , Begum Anwara 
Published: January 2009

The electrophoretic banding pattern of esterase isozymes were examined in eighteen different tissues of Nile tilapia after staining with Î± and Î² naphthyl acetate as substrate. The tissues were anterior-, mid-, tailmuscle (ventral and tip region), buccal muscle, stomach, fore-, mid-, hind-gut, liver, gill, heart, kidney, eye (lens), eye (iris), fore-, mid- and hind- brain. Altogether five bands named as Est-11.4, Est-21.1, Est-31, Est-40.62 and Est-50.25 were observed different relative mobility. Est-1 and Est-5 denote the fastest and slowest band. Est-3 was present in all the tissues. All five bands were expressed in liver and stomach. Some of the esterase bands showed tissue and substrate specificity, where Est-1 was in fore-, mid- and hind- brain, Est-2 in hind gut, Est-5 in stomach, gill and heart was stained only with Î± naphthyl acetate. None of the band was expressed with Î² naphthyl acetate only. Key words: esterase, isozyme, Oreochromis, tissue Â Doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1942 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 01-05