bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mn2+‐Mediated Modulation of PfAgo Activity for Biosensing
Authors: Fu Ruijie , Hou Jinjie , Wang Zexiang , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArgonaute (Ago) as a powerful enzyme has provided new insights into biosensing due to its programmability, high sensitivity, and user‐friendly operation. However, current strategies mainly rely on phosphorylated guide DNA to modulate the cleavage activity of Ago, which is limited in versatility and simplicity. Herein, the authors report the Mn2+‐enhanced cleavage activity of Ago and employ Mn‐ions with variable valence to regulate the activity of Pyrococcus furiosus Ago (PfAgo) for biosensing applications. The conversion of Mn ions with different valence states through MnO2 nanoflowers enables the sensitive detection of ascorbic acid, alkaline phosphatase, and arsenic with limits of detection of 2.5 nmol L−1, 0.009 U L−1, and 0.4 ng mL−1, respectively. A PfAgo‐based immunoassay is further developed that allows for the detection of diverse targets, thus providing a promising toolbox to broaden PfAgo‐based sensors into versatile bioanalytical and biomedical applications.
High‐κ Dielectric (HfO2)/2D Semiconductor (HfSe2) Gate Stack for Low‐Power Steep‐Switching Computing Devices
Authors: Kang Taeho , Park Joonho , Jung Hanggyo , Choi Haeju , Lee Sang‐Min , Lee Nayeong , Lee Ryong‐Gyu , Kim Gahye , Kim Seung‐Hwan , Kim Hyung‐jun , Yang Cheol‐Woong , Jeon Jongwook , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, a high‐quality gate stack (native HfO2 formed on 2D HfSe2) fabricated via plasma oxidation is reported, realizing an atomically sharp interface with a suppressed interface trap density (Dit ≈ 5 × 1010 cm−2 eV−1). The chemically converted HfO2 exhibits dielectric constant, κ ≈ 23, resulting in low gate leakage current (≈10−3 A cm−2) at equivalent oxide thickness ≈0.5 nm. Density functional calculations indicate that the atomistic mechanism for achieving a high‐quality interface is the possibility of O atoms replacing the Se atoms of the interfacial HfSe2 layer without a substitution energy barrier, allowing layer‐by‐layer oxidation to proceed. The field‐effect‐transistor‐fabricated HfO2/HfSe2 gate stack demonstrates an almost ideal subthreshold slope (SS) of ≈61 mV dec−1 (over four orders of IDS) at room temperature (300 K), along with a high Ion/Ioff ratio of ≈108 and a small hysteresis of ≈10 mV. Furthermore, by utilizing a device architecture with separately controlled HfO2/HfSe2 gate stack and channel structures, an impact ionization field‐effect transistor is fabricated that exhibits n‐type steep‐switching characteristics with a SS value of 3.43 mV dec−1 at room temperature, overcoming the Boltzmann limit. These results provide a significant step toward the realization of post‐Si semiconducting devices for future energy‐efficient data‐centric computing electronics.
Spontaneous Wetting Induced by Contact‐Electrification at Liquid–Solid Interface
Authors: Tang Zhen , Yang Dan , Guo Hengyu , Lin Shiquan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWettability significantly influences various surface interactions and applications at the liquid–solid interface. However, the understanding is complicated by the intricate charge exchange occurring through contact electrification (CE) during this process. The understanding of the influence of triboelectric charge on wettability remains challenging, especially due to the complexities involved in concurrently measuring contact angles and interfacial electrical signals. Here, the relationship is investigated between surface charge density and change of contact angle of dielectric films after contact with water droplets. It is observed that the charge exchange when water spared lead to a spontaneous wetting phenomenon, which is termed as the contact electrification induced wetting (CEW). Notably, these results demonstrate a linear dependence between the change of contact angle (CA) of the materials and the density of surface charge on the solid surface. Continuous CEW tests show that not only the static CA but also the dynamics of wetting are influenced by the accumulation charges at the interface. The mechanism behind CEW involves the redistribution of surface charges on a solid surface and polar water molecules within liquid. This interaction results in a decrease in interface energy, leading to a reduction in the CA. Ab initio calculations suggest that the reduction in interface energy may stem from the enhanced surface charge on the substrate, which strengthens the hydrogen bond interaction between water and the substrate. These findings have the potential to advance the understanding of CE and wetting phenomena, with applications in energy harvesting, catalysis, and droplet manipulation at liquid–solid interfaces.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanoalkylation and Trifluoromethylthiolation of Styrene Derivatives via a Visible‐Light‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Jing , Chi Zhuo‐Min , Rui Rong , Zhang Zhe , Li Hong‐Zhe , Liu Xue‐Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition‐metal catalyzed difunctionalization of olefins has attracted considerable attention as a method to construct carbon‐carbon and carbon‐hetero bonds. Herein, the copper‐catalyzed three‐component radical cross‐coupling of oxime esters, styrenes and AgSCF3 through a visible‐light‐promoted iminyl radical‐mediated carbon‐carbon bond cleavage strategy has been described. Utilizing low‐cost copper salt as both photosensitizers and cross‐couplers, this protocol delivers diverse target products, providing a supplementary approach for cyanoalkylation and trifluoromethylthiolation of drug molecules.
Parallel, Continuous Monitoring and Quantification of Programmed Cell Death in Plant Tissue
Authors: Collins Alexander Silva Pinto , Kurt Hasan , Duggan Cian , Cotur Yasin , Coatsworth Philip , Naik Atharv , Kaisti Matti , Bozkurt Tolga , Güder Firat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccurate quantification of hypersensitive response (HR) programmed cell death is imperative for understanding plant defense mechanisms and developing disease‐resistant crop varieties. Here, a phenotyping platform for rapid, continuous‐time, and quantitative assessment of HR is demonstrated: Parallel Automated Spectroscopy Tool for Electrolyte Leakage (PASTEL). Compared to traditional HR assays, PASTEL significantly improves temporal resolution and has high sensitivity, facilitating detection of microscopic levels of cell death. Validation is performed by transiently expressing the effector protein AVRblb2 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (expressing the corresponding resistance protein Rpi‐blb2) to reliably induce HR. Detection of cell death is achieved at microscopic intensities, where leaf tissue appears healthy to the naked eye one week after infiltration. PASTEL produces large amounts of frequency domain impedance data captured continuously. This data is used to develop supervised machine‐learning (ML) models for classification of HR. Input data (inclusive of the entire tested concentration range) is classified as HR‐positive or negative with 84.1% mean accuracy (F1 score = 0.75) at 1 h and with 87.8% mean accuracy (F1 score = 0.81) at 22 h. With PASTEL and the ML models produced in this work, it is possible to phenotype disease resistance in plants in hours instead of days to weeks.
Microwave‐Assisted Cross‐Coupling of Nitroarenes with Aryl Boronic Acids
Authors: Patel Monak , Bhavyesh Desai , Kumar Nitish , Bhukya Hussain , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA molybdenum‐catalyzed approach for intermolecular C−N coupling that produces aryl‐ and heteroaryl amines has been developed under microwave irradiation. The formation of C−N bonds with boronic acids and nitroaromatics using readily available catalysts remains a challenge. The method we developed employs a combination of readily available sodium molybdate dihydrate as a catalyst and tri‐n‐butyl phosphine as an inexpensive reductant to achieve reductive intermolecular coupling of nitroarenes with boronic acids. This approach has shown its versatility in facilitating the formation of Csp2−N bonds from aryl‐boronic acids as well as Csp3−N bonds from alkyl‐boronic acids. In addition, this reaction shows stereospecificity when Csp3−N bonds are formed. An array of boronic acids underwent C−N coupling with nitro arene providing the desired products in good yields
Gold(I)‐katalysierte Intramolekulare 7‐endo‐dig Zyklisierung von Trien‐In‐Systemen: Neuer Zugang zu Azulenothiophenen
Authors: Eshagh Saatlo Rebeka , Oczlon Julian , Wunsch Jonas F. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Shiri Farshad , Ariafard Alireza , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWir berichten über die direkte Synthese neuer Azulen‐Derivate durch gold‐katalysierte Zyklisierungsreaktionen. Ein fünfgliedriger Ring als Rückgrat in den verwendeten Trien‐In‐Substraten erwies sich als entscheidend, um die 7‐endo‐dig‐Zyklisierung zu induzieren, die für die Azulenbildung notwendig ist. Die erhaltenen Zielmoleküle sind aufgrund ihrer potenziellen Anwendungen in verschiedenen Bereichen, wie anorganische Materialien, in der Medizin oder in der Kosmetik, von großem Interesse. UV/Vis‐Spektren und Cyclovoltammetrien wurden gemessen und darauf basierend die elektronischen Eigenschaften bestimmt. Kurze zwei‐ oder dreistufige Sequenzen zum Erhalt der verwendeten Ausgangsmaterialien machen diesen Ansatz synthetisch sehr attraktiv.
Structure Revision of a Widespread Marine Sulfonolipid Class Based on Isolation and Total Synthesis
Authors: Roman Dávid , Meisinger Philippe , Guillonneau Richard , Peng Chia‐Chi , Peltner Lukas K. , Jordan Paul M. , Haensch Veit , Götze Sebastian , Werz Oliver , Hertweck Christian , Chen Yin , Beemelmanns Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe cosmopolitan marine Roseobacter clade is of global biogeochemical importance. Members of this clade produce sulfur‐containing amino lipids (SALs) involved in biofilm formation and marine surface colonization processes. Despite their physiological relevance and abundance, SALs have only been explored through genomic mining approaches and lipidomic studies based on mass spectrometry, which left the relative and absolute structures of SALs unresolved, hindering progress in biochemical and functional investigations. Herein, we report the structural revision of a new group of SALs, which we named cysteinolides, using a combination of analytical techniques, isolation and degradation experiments and total synthetic efforts. Contrary to the previously proposed homotaurine‐based structures, cysteinolides are composed of an N,O‐acylated cysteinolic acid‐containing head group carrying various different (α‐hydroxy)carboxylic acids. We also performed the first validated targeted‐network based analysis, which allowed us to map the distribution and structural diversity of cysteinolides across bacterial lineages. Beyond offering structural insight, our research provides SAL standards and validated analytical data. This information holds significance for forthcoming investigations into bacterial sulfonolipid metabolism and biogeochemical nutrient cycling within marine environments.
Controllable synthesis of snowflake‐like α‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate microstructures using Na2EDTA as morphology modifier
Authors: Lv Lingling , Gao Yang , Guo Ming , Liu Minfu , Zhang Baocun , Lin Han , Zhang Xingong , Liu Chenguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, snowflake‐like α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O (α‐CSH) hierarchical architectures were successfully synthesized by a facile one‐pot method in an ethylene glycol‐water system using Na2EDTA as a crystal morphology modifier. Characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the progressive morphological evolution of α‐CSH from rods to snowflake‐like structures ultimately to hexagonal plates with increased Na2EDTA concentrations. The results revealed that Na2EDTA concentration played a critical role in directing the crystallization and self‐assembly of α‐CSH, and a mechanism is proposed where Na2EDTA modulated crystal orientation through preferential adsorption and regulated the driving forces between ion‐mediated crystallization and particle‐mediated assembly. This work puts forward a simple yet effective strategy for facilely regulating the morphology of α‐CSH microstructures, which could potentially expand their applications across diverse fields such as composites, construction, biomedicine, and drug delivery.
Catalytic Enantioconvergent C(sp3)−N Coupling to Access Chiral Amines: A Concept Review
Authors: Li Rongrong , Hu Zhiyun , Shuai Zhigang , Yang Xinzheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitrogen containing compounds like chiral amines have been widely used in synthetic medicines, biomass, and fine chemical products because of their particularly valuable motifs and exceedingly broad range of functionality. Enantioconvergent synthesis of chiral amines has high atomic economy and enantioselectivity with theoretically 100 % yield of enantioenriched products. In this concept article, we hope to provide a further understanding of chiral amines enantioconvergent synthesis methodology with an introduction of recent progresses in enantioconvergent amination reactions catalyzed by early transition metals and facilitate the development of enantioconvergent C(sp3)−N coupling for benign and efficient preparation of highly valuable chiral nitrogen‐containing units.
Preparation of a Stable Cr2O3/Cu/TiO2 Plasmonic Photocatalyst for Selective Alcohol Oxidation under Visible Light Irradiation (λ>600 nm)
Authors: Tanaka Atsuhiro , Okabayashi Kohki , Yagi Ryosuke , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) exhibit an extinction at about λ=580 nm because of surface plasmon resonance (SPR); however, they rapidly lose their its SPR when exposed to air. In order to stabilize the Cu NPs, a multi‐step photodeposition method was used to introduce chromium, which resulted in successful synthesis of a Cr2O3/Cu/TiO2 sample that exhibited extinction even when exposed to air. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV‐vis spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the Cu/TiO2 and Cr2O3/Cu/TiO2 samples with a focus on SPR of the nanoparticles and state of the Cu species. The prepared Cr2O3/Cu/TiO2 samples acted as plasmonic photocatalysts in oxidation of 2‐propanol under aerated conditions and visible light irradiation. Expandability of the Cr2O3/Cu/TiO2 plasmonic photocatalyst was also investigated, and the results suggested the potential of a Cu‐based plasmonic photocatalyst working under irradiation of visible light.
Performance evaluation of biodegradable polymer PHBV and PBAT blends with adjustable melt flow behaviour, heat deflection temperature, and morphological transition
Authors: Zytner Peter , Pal Akhilesh Kumar , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMelt blending is a reliable and well‐demonstrated strategy for improving the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and surface properties of biopolymers. Poly(hydroxy‐3‐butyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) are the two popular choices for blending polymers due to their diverse properties and complementary soil biodegradable behaviour. Due to their immiscibility, however, blending with the help of processing additives is necessary to reap the most significant benefits from this process and to avoid immiscibility issues. This study utilized the additives (peroxides and epoxy‐based chain extender) to compatibilize the biodegradable polymers PHBV and PBAT in a 60:40 blending ratio. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PHBV/PBAT(60/40) blend were improved by 32% and 64%, respectively, after adding a combination of peroxide (0.02 phr) and chain extender (0.3 phr) due to the formation of a complex network structure with increased chain length. The positive effect of an additive addition was also reflected by a 30°C increment in heat deflection temperature of biodegradable blend due to its high modulus value as supported by mechanical properties. The combined action of a peroxide and chain extender demonstrated a significantly higher complex viscosity of the PHBV/PBAT(60/40) blend due to the formation of a crosslinked polymer network as analyzed by rheological analysis. Our research demonstrated the effect of additives and their combined impact on analytical properties of PHBV/PBAT(60/40) blend to guide future work in improving their candidature to serve as a drop‐in solution in replacing non‐biodegradable petro‐based plastic products.
Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes with Ammonia Borane Catalyzed by Copper N‐heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Zhou Hui , Jiao Hongmei , Lu Xing , Gao Yuanyuan , Ren Zhiqiang , Ma Haojie , Zhang Yuqi , Han Bo 
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive SummaryHerein, we present a method for the homogeneous hydrogenation of nitroarenes to produce anilines using low catalyst loading (1 mo%) of copper N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes as the catalyst and ammonia borane as the source of hydrogen. A wide range of nitroarenes, featuring diverse functional groups, were selectively transformed into their corresponding primary aromatic amines with high yields. This process can be readily scaled up and exhibits compatibility with various sensitive functional groups, including halogen, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, alkenyl, cyano, ester, amide, and hydroxyl. Notably, this catalytic methodology finds application in the synthesis of essential drug compounds. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the in‐situ‐generated Cu‐H species may serve as active intermediates, with reduction pathways involving species such as azobenzene, 1,2‐diphenylhydrazine, nitrosobenzene, and N‐phenylhydroxylamine.
Attenuation of an ultrashort pulse in a folded meander microstrip line with two passive conductors
Authors: Malygin Konstantin P. , Nosov Alexander V. , Kim Georgiy Y. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn this article, we investigated a new structure of a protective meander line (ML): a meander microstrip line (MSL) with two passive conductors. The existing theory of ultra‐short pulse (USP) attenuation in MLs is presented for the first time. Based on this theory, we determined the number of decomposed pulses at the output of the MSL line with two passive conductors, and, for the first time, formulated the conditions for pulse decomposition in the line. The folding of the MSL line into non‐core turns was studied in detail. As a result of this article, we proposed a new theory that involves the utilization of additional groups of decomposed pulses for enhanced USP attenuation. These additional groups were thoroughly examined, and the delays of pulses from these groups were defined. This analysis allowed identifying the reason for their appearance. It was revealed that folding the ML into non‐core turns allows further attenuation of the USP amplitude, which increases with the increase of the number of non‐core turns. To validate the obtained simulation results, we performed experimental measurements and obtained good consistency of the results. The N‐norms analysis demonstrated that the combined use of such folding and passive conductors reduces the probability of electrical breakdown, arc discharge, and dielectric breakdown. The maximum USP attenuation at the output was 24.9 dB. As a result of useful signal integrity analysis, it is proposed to use a folded MSL together with a USB 2.0 “Full‐speed” interface with a data transfer rate of 12 Mbit/s. In addition, it is proposed to use such MSLs in DC power circuits.
Biomarkers of chronic inflammation and cognitive decline: A prospective observational study
Authors: Guduguntla Bhavna A. , Vasbinder Alexi , Anderson Elizabeth , Azam Tariq U. , Blakely Pennelope , Webster Noah J. , Gonzalez Richard , Atonucci Toni , Heidebrink Judith L. , Giordani Bruno , Zahodne Laura , Hampstead Benjamin M. , Ajrouch Kristine J. , Hayek Salim S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe sought to determine whether the biomarkers of chronic inflammation predict cognitive decline in a prospective observational study. We measured baseline serum soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels in 282 participants of the University of Michigan Memory and Aging Project. Cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale for up to five time points. SuPAR and hs‐CRP levels were not significantly higher in participants with mild cognitive impairment (n = 97) or dementia (n = 59), compared to those with normal cognitive function (n = 126). Overall, 14% of participants experienced significant cognitive decline over the study period. The change in MoCA or CDR scores over time did not differ significantly according to baseline suPAR or hs‐CRP levels. Chronic systemic inflammation, as measured by serum suPAR or hs‐CRP levels, is unlikely to contribute significantly to cognitive decline.
Increased density of conspecifics caused niche contraction in a multispecific passerine assemblage
Authors: Barrero Adrián , Traba Juan , Tarjuelo Rocío 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCompetition is a prominent mechanism driving population dynamics and structuring community assemblage, which can be investigated by linking shifts in species’ ecological niche and the densities of sympatric species because the ecological release from competitive constraints is a density‐dependent process. In this work we determine how a steppe passerine community segregates their ecological niches and evaluate the role of competition in inducing changes in the ecological niche of species. We built multidimensional ecological niches (with Gaussian kernel density estimators) using data on the habitat features used by 10 bird species collected from seven sites in the natural steppes of Central Spain over 2 consecutive years. We computed distance and niche similarity metrics to explore the ecological niche partitioning of the bird community. Next, we ran multivariate linear regression models to evaluate the effects of conspecific and heterospecific density (as proxies of intraspecific and interspecific competition, respectively) on niche breadth and/or position of the three most abundant species. We found low niche overlap in the community assemblage but varying levels of niche similarity among pairs of species, which could increase the likelihood of current competition operating in the community. However, we found no effect of heterospecific density on niche breadth or position, although conspecific density was negatively related to niche breadth. Contrary to predictions of competition theory, increased density of conspecifics caused niche contraction. Our results from a multispecies system contribute to advanced knowledge of the biotic mechanisms structuring wildlife communities within the framework of ecological niche theory.