bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum lipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats and sprague‐dawley rats fed menhaden oil
Authors: Kingsley T. R. , Snyder D. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDietary n‐3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, exert a variety of effects that attenuate cardiovascular disease. In this study, we assessed the effect of fish oil (menhaden oil) on the serum lipid profile in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or Sprague‐Dawley rats (SD) were fed either standard powdered diet (L‐485), or L‐485+5% menhaden oil (MO) or L‐485+5% corn oil (CO) from weaning through eight months of age. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was periodically determined on SHR. Serum lipid profiles were performed at eight months on sample taken from the exposed hearts of anesthetized, fasted rats. SHR, compared with SD (diets combined) had significantly lower triaclyglycerols (TG), higher cholesterol (CHOL), higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL CHOL), higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL CHOL), and a higher LDL:HDL ratio. Comparison among diets (strains combined) revealed that rats fed MO had the lowest values for TG, CHOL, LDL and LDL:HDL; HDL did no vary with diet. SHR were less responsive to diet‐induced changes than were SD; no decrease in TG, LDL or LDL:HDL was observed in SHR, nor was degree of hypertension altered in SHR by the MO or CO diet. In summary, MO is more effective than CO in shifting the lipid profile of rats toward one that is less atherogenic. However, the SD rat is more susceptible to diet‐induced lipid modification than is the SHR.
Composition and physical state of phospholipids in calanoid copepods from India and Norway
Authors: Farkas T. , Storebakken T. , Bhosle N. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition and physical state of isolated phospholipids obtained from marine copepods collected on the Southwest coast of India (Calanus ssp.) and the West coast of Norway (Calanus finmarchicus) were investigated to compare the adaptation of membrane lipids with seawater temperatures. Phospholipid vesicles obtained from the tropic copepods proved more rigid than those fromC. finmarchicus, as assessed by diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization techniques. In each case, there were two breaks present on the fluorescence polarization vs 1/T plots, suggesting that the onset and completion of phase separation to occurred above 0 C. For the tropic copepods, the onset of phase separation roughly corresponded to the ambient water temperature, while forC. finmarchicus some discrepancies were observed, depending on the time of the year. Phospholipids in copepods from both habitats contained more than 50% unsaturated fatty acids, the animals from Norway containing slightly higher amounts. The data indicate an adaptation of membranes to temperature.
Enhanced survival to endotoxin in guinea pigs fed IV fish oil emulsion
Authors: Mascioli Edward , Leader Lorraine , Flores Enrique , Trimbo Susan , Bistrian Bruce , Blackburn George 
Published: November 2006

AbstractImproved survival to endotoxin has been demonstrated in rats pretreated with cyclooxygenase inhibitors or made essential fatty acid deficient, implying that excessive ω6 fatty acids, possibly through their eicosanoid products, contribute to mortality. Following endotoxin administration, we also have shown improvement in survival with oral diets supplemented with fish oil. This study sought to explore whether parenteral fish oil ameliorates the adverse impact of endotoxin.Male Hartley‐strain guinea pigs were obtained at a body weight of 500 g and fed a normal laboratory diet. Central venous lines through which the animals received either a 10% safflower oil emulsion (n=11) or a 10% fish oil emulsion (n=11) during two, 24‐hr periods separated by two days were inserted. Two days after the second infusion, endotoxin (0.35 mg/100 g b.w.), was given intraperitoneally, and survival was noted. The animals received a total of 25.4 g of IV fat per kg b.w., including 5.3 g of eicosapentaenoic acid per kg b.w., for the fish oil group.From six hr after endotoxin through four days, there was better survival in the fish oil group (p<.006). Final mortality showed 7/11 fish‐fed vs 2/11 safflower‐fed animals surviving. We conclude that the administration of parenteral fish oil, even for a brief time, can have a profound effect on subsequent survival to endotoxin.
Evidence for loss of tritium from 3β‐tritiated deoxycholic acid during enterohepatic cycling in man
Authors: Marcus S. N. , Heaton K. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA double‐label single‐intubation isotope technique was assessed for studying deoxycholic acid metabolism by simultaneous IV administration of [3β‐3H]deoxycholic acid and [24‐14C]deoxycholic acid to five healthy subjects. The3H/14C ratio in duodenal bile fell progressively in all subjects, the mean reduction on day four being 48.8%. When the same labeled bile acids were administered to three ileostomy subjects, again the ratio fell with a mean reduction of 44.4% on day four. This fall more likely was due to hepatic exchange of tritium for hydrogen, rather than to colonic bacterial oxidation. [3β‐3H]Deoxycholic acid should not be used to study the kinetics and metabolism of deoxycholic acid.
BW755C or staurosporine inhibits collagen‐stimulated phosphoinositide phosphorylation in platelets
Authors: Thomas Lisa M. , Holub Bruce J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStimulation of platelets by collagen results in increased formation of the polyphosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PtdInsP) and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) through stimulation of phosphoinositide kinase activities. We investigated a possible regulatory role of endogenous thromboxane formation and protein kinase C (PKC) activation in the induction of phosphoinositide phosphorylation following collagen stimulation, as well as following stimulation by the thromboxane mimetic, U‐46619. Human platelets were prelabeled with [3H]inositol and stimulated with collagen (2 μg/mL) or U‐46619 (1 μM), in the absence or presence of either the cyclo‐oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW755C, or staurosporine, a putative inhibitor or PKC. Collagen stimulation resulted in a time‐dependent increase in [3Hinositol‐labeled PtdInsP and PtdInsP2 which was completely inhibited in the presence of BW755C. Addition of U‐46619 to BW755C‐treated, collagen‐stimulated platelets restored the increased polyphosphoinositide formation. Stimulation of platelets with U‐46619 alone also resulted in increased formation of [3H]PtdInsP and [3H]PtdInsP2, but this was not affected by the presence of BW755C. These results suggest that the collagen‐induced activation of phosphoinositide kinases was dependent upon thromboxane formation, but that U‐46619‐induced phosphoinositide formation was rather independent of further thromboxane production. Pretreatment of platelets with staurosporine, prior to agonist addition, completely blocked the collagen‐stimulated rise in radiolabeled PtdInsP and the U‐46619‐induced PtdInsP and PtdInsP2 generations, suggesting that protein kinase, possibly PKC, may play a role in the activation of phosphoinositide kinases by these agonists.
Decrease in platelet reduced glutathione increases lipoxygenase activity and decreases vitamin E
Authors: Calzada Catherine , Véricel Evelyne , Lagarde Michel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnstimulated normal human blood platelets were treated with azodicarboxylic acidbis(dimethylamide) (diamide), a thiol‐oxidizing agent. Oxygenated arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, malondialdehyde (MDA), and tocopherols were then quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diamide treatment partially decreased the amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and induced a subsequent decrease in peroxidase activity. However, formation of 12‐hydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid (12‐HETE), the end‐product of lipoxygenation of AA, increased. Formation of MDA, a marker of overall lipid peroxidation, was also enhanced. Furthermore, platelet α‐tocopherol, but not γ‐tocopherol, significantly decreased. These results indicate that enhanced “basal” lipoxygenase activity, as a marker of specific AA oxygenation, may be linked to decreased platelet antioxidant status.
Modulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid content of triglycerides in rat pre‐adipocytes in culture
Authors: Gavino Grace R. , Gavino Victor C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRat peri‐renal and epididymal pre‐adipocytes in culture undergoing triglyceride (TG) accumulation were incubated with oleic (18∶1), linoleic (18∶2), α‐linolenic (18∶3ω3), arachidonic (20∶4) and 4,7,10,13,16,19‐docasahexaenoic (22∶6ω3) acids in the presence of 0.8 μM insulin. The fatty acids were incorporated in cellular TG with relative enrichments over control from 1.4‐fold for 18∶1 to greater than 40‐fold for 18∶3ω3. Greater than 80% of fatty acids taken up were incorporated into cellular TG. The balance was distributed, in decreasing amounts, into phospholipids, unidentified intracellular constituents, and ketone bodies. The P/S ratio of cellular TG was at least an order of magnitude lower than that of the external milieu for both cell types and for all treatment groups, including controls. Doubling the concentration of treatment fatty acid increased its incorporation into cellular TG. However, it did not affect the accumulation of the other fatty acids in TG. Epididymal cells consistently acquire a higher proportion of treatment fatty acids in cell TG than peri‐renal cells. Pre‐adipocytes with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)‐enriched TG is a potential model for the study of PUFA metabolism in these types of cells
trans fatty acids. 4. Effects on fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk
Authors: Pettersen Jan , Opstvedt Johannes 
Published: November 2006

Abstracttrans Isometric fatty acids of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) consist oftrans 20∶1 andtrans 22∶1 in addition to thetrans isomers of 18∶1, which are abundant in hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as in partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO). The effects of dietarytrans fatty acids in PHFO and PHSBO on the fatty acid composition of milk were studied at 0 (colostrum) and 21 dayspostpartum in sows. The dietary fats were PHFO (28%trans), or PHSBO (36%trans) and lard. Sunflower seed oil (4%) was added to each diet. The fats were fed from three weeks of age throughout the lactation period of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2 PHFO or “fully” hydrogenated fish oil (HFO) (19%trans), in comparison with coconut oil (CF) (0%trans), was fed with two levels of dietary linoleic acid, 1 and 2.7% from conception throughout the lactation period. Feedingtrans‐containing fats led to secretion oftrans fatty acids in the milk lipids. Levels oftrans 18∶1 andtrans 20∶1 in milk lipids, as percentages of totalcis+trans 18∶1 andcis+trans 20∶1, respectively, were about 60% of that of the dietary fats, with no significant differences between PHFO and PHSBO. The levels were similar for colostrum and milk. Feeding HFO gave relatively lesstrans 18∶1 andtrans 20∶1 fatty acids in milk lipids than did PHFO and PHSBO. Only low levels ofcis+trans 22∶1 were found in milk lipids. Feedingtrans‐containing fat had no consistent effects on the level of polyenoic fatty acids but reduced the level of saturated fatty acids and increased the level ofcis+trans monoenoic fatty acids. Increasing the dietary level of linoleic acid had no effect on the secretion oftrans fatty acids but increased the level of linoleic acid in milk. The overall conclusion was that the effect of dietary fats containingtrans fatty acids on the fat content and the fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk in sows were moderate to minor.
Distribution among tissues of intravenously administered sucrose octaoleate
Authors: Mattson F. H. , Jandacek R. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe distribution of [14C]oleate label in rat tissues in the 6 hr after intravenous administration of sucrose octa‐[14C]oleate (7.5 mg; SuO8) was compared with that observed after administration of [14C]triolein. The [14C]‐oleate label, whether injected as triolein emulsion, or as chylomicrons obtained from donor animals, rapidly cleared from the serum; only 10% or less remained in the serum 15 min after injection. Labeled SuO8 disappeared less rapidly from the serum; about one‐third of the dose was present after 15 min, and after 120 min 14% remained. In the liver, there was an initial greater accumulation of fatty acid label when and emulsion of either triolein or SuO8 was given rather than the chylomicrons. The octaester continued to accumulate in the liver throughout the 6 hr of study, and 78% of the initial dose was present at that time. By contrast, although one‐third of the triolein, as of SuO8, was found in the liver shortly after injection, levels subsequently decreased; at 6 hr, 12% of the label remained associated with that organ. A small portion, up to 8% of the acid label, whether administered as chylomicrons or as a triolein emulsion, was found in the epididymal fat pads. Smaller amounts, usually 1% or less, of the [14C]oleate label were found in fat pads following the injection of labeled SuO8. In a separate study, the levels of acid label in the liver and spleen were monitored for 21 days following the intravenous administration of [14C]SuO8. There was an initial accumulation of approximately half of the injected lipid label in the liver and one‐quarter in the spleen. By day 21, the level in the liver had decreased to one‐third of that administered, while the level in spleen remained at one‐quarter.
The excretion and characterization of intravenously administered olestra
Authors: Jandacek R. J. , Holcombe B. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlthough sucrose octaoleate that is consumed is neither digested or absorbed, following intravenous injection it is found mainly in the liver. Olestra is a mixture of the hexa‐, hepta‐, and octaesters of sucrose. To follow the metabolic fate of intravenously administered [14C]sucrose‐labeled olestra, we measured its urinary elimination, and the rate of excretion of14C in the feces, and characterized the14C‐labeled material that appeared in bile. The fecal excretion for days 4–14 after dosing was found to be first order with the half‐life of the injected olestra being 5.0±0.5 days. The14C recovered in the bile was soluble in chloroform. Two‐dimensional thin‐layer chromatography autoradiograms of the biliary lipid showed the pattern of the biliary14C to be essentially the same as that of the dosed olestra. Biliary excretion and subsequent fecal egestion of essentially unhydrolyzed sucrose esters is the principal route for the removal of intravenously administered olestra. Only traces of14C were found in the urine.
Interaction between dietary proteins and lipids in the regulation of serum and liver lipids in the rabbit. Effect of fish protein
Authors: Bergeron N. , Deshaies Y. , Lavigne C. , Jacques H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurified diets varying in dietary protein, namely casein (CA), soy protein (SP), fish protein (FP), and lipid origin (corn oil (CN), coconut oil (CO)) were fed to rabbits to evaluate the effects of protein and fat source, as well as protein‐lipid interactions, on serum total, lipoprotein and hepatic lipid levels. Dietary proteins and lipids exerted a separate effect on serum total cholesterol (C), very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C/HDL‐C) ratio. Hence, CA increased serum cholesterol compared to SP, while coconut oil enhanced serum and VLDL‐C, and decreased LDL‐C/HDL‐C compared to corn oil. Dietary proteins interacted with dietary lipids to modulate HDL‐C levels. Thus, FP maintained a high level of HDL‐C regardless of lipid origin, compared to CA and SP whose HDL‐C levels were decreased by corn oil, compared to coconut oil. A dietary protein‐lipid interaction was also observed in the regulation of liver cholesterol levels. Coconut oil, compared to corn oil, decreased liver cholesterol in rabbits fed FP, whereas hepatic cholesterol concentration was unaltered by dietary lipid source in CA‐ and SP‐fed rabbits. These results demonstrate that dietary proteins act synergistically with dietary lipids to regulate cholesterol metabolism in the rabbit.
A simple assay for lipid hydroperoxides based on triphenylphosphine oxidation and high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Maeda Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple and sensitive method was developed to measure total hydroperoxides. After the reduction of hydroperoxides with triphenylphosphine (TP) in cyclohexane at 30°C, the amount of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) produced is determined by reverse‐phase or normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with an ultraviolet (UV)‐detector by measuring absorption at 220 or 260 nm. TPO was shown to be gener‐ated stoichiometrically by reduction of known amounts of either cumene hydroperoxide or methyl 13‐hydroper‐oxyoctadecadienoate. For various lipids at low levels of oxidation, the peroxide values determined by this method were in good agreement with those obtained by conventional iodometry. The detection limit of TPO in HPLC using absorption at 220 nm was less than 10 pmol. Consequently, total hydroperoxides in lipids at levels corresponding to less than a peroxide value of 1 can be estimated by the TP method on a 10‐mg sample.
The effects of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222) on plasma nonesterified fatty acids in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Harrington A. J. , Russell K. A. , Singer T. D. , Ballantyne J. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222), a commonly used fish anesthetic, on plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels (NEFA) were examined in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. Total NEFA levels declined with increasing duration of exposure to MS‐222. Most of the decline in total NEFA was due to decreases in saturated fatty acids (14∶0, 16∶0 and 18∶0). The fatty acid displaying the most rapid response to exposure to MS‐222 was 20∶5n−3. The lower plasma NEFA levels in anesthetized fish may be explained by depressed lipolysis in the presence of the anesthetic.
Mass spectra of fatty acid derivatives, of isopropylidenes of novel glyceryl ethers of cod muscle and of phenolic acetates obtained with the finnigan mat ion trap detector
Authors: Ratnayake W. M. N. , Timmins A. , Ohshima T. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe applicability of the Finnigan MAT Ion Trap Detector (ITD) mass spectrometer for structure determination in some selected fatty acids and their derivatives has been investigated. Isopropylidene derivatives of novel glyceryl ethers isolated from cod flesh and of phenolic acetates are included to indicate the potential for diverse structures and to clarify the protonation of ions. The ITD is a simple and unsophisticated gas liquid chromatographmass spectrometer, but the spectra obtained are in most respects comparable to those from more conventional electron impact mass spectrometers. However, due to the comparatively high background pressure (∼10−3 torr) in the ionization chamber of the ITD, there is a tendency for both neutral and ionized molecules to acquire protons from other molecules or fragments through collision. In many cases, the molecular ion was observed as the protonated molecular ion (M+1), as in chemical ionization mass spectrometry. These interactions can be minimized if the sample load is decreased. Phenolic acetates exhibit not only protonation of the molecular ion, but also protonation of stable fragmented neutralmolecules or ions.
Effects of dietary palm oil on arterial thrombosis, platelet responses and platelet membrane fluidity in rats
Authors: Rand Margaret L. , Hennissen Adje A. H. M. , Hornstra Gerard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWistar rats were fed a control diet containing 5 energy % (en %) sunflowerseed oil or diets containing 50 en % of either palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, or sunflowerseed oil, high in linoleic acid, for at least eight weeks. Arterial thrombosis tendency, measured by the aorta loop technique, tended to be lowered by the palm oil diet and was lowered significantly by the sunflowerseed oil diet, compared with the control. Aggregation of platelets in whole blood activated with collagen was not altered by palm oil feeding, but was enhanced in the sunflowerseed oil group, compared with the control. The concomitant formation of thromboxane A2 was decreased by palm oil feeding, although formation of prostacyclin did not change; the ratio of thromboxane/prostacyclin formed was decreased significantly in the palm oil group. Compared with the control diet, platelet membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescence polarization, was not altered in the palm oil group and was significantly increased only by sunflowerseed‐oil feeding. Thus, although palm oil contains about 50% saturated fatty acids, it did not increase arterial thrombosis tendency and tended to decrease platelet aggregation, as compared with highly polyunsaturated sunflowerseed oil.
Investigations of the origin of the furan fatty acids (F‐acids)
Authors: Gorst‐Allman Charles P. , Puchta Volker , Spiteller G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe possible role of linoleic acid as a biogenetic precursor of the furan fatty acids (F‐acids) was investigated in in vivo experiments in the rat, using a C19 analogue of linoleic acid and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. No evidence of incorporation of this compound into the F‐acids was found. Using an improved analysis procedure by converting F‐acids into their tetrahydrofuran derivatives (enabling a separation from the large amounts of normal fatty acids), F‐acids (F3, F4 and F6) were detected in rat food, correcting earlier results.Quantification of F‐acid intake with food and excretion of furandicarboxylic acids in the urine, suggested the possibility that the F‐acids are not produced de novo in the rat, but instead accumulate in tissue after nutritional intake.
Effect of diethyl ether on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in hamster organs
Authors: O Karmin , Hatch Grant M. , Choy Patrick C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of diethyl ether anesthesia on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in hamster organs was investigated. Ether administration did not affect the incorporation of radioactive choline into phosphatidylcholine in the liver, heart, lung, brain and spleen. A significant (29%) decrease in the labeling of phosphatidylcholine was detected in the kidney of ether‐treated hamsters. Reduction in phosphatidylcholine labeling was not due to a diminished radioactive choline uptake but a decrease in the conversion of phosphocholine to CDP‐choline. The accumulation of labeled phosphocholine was caused by the translocation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase from microsomal (more‐active) form to cytosolic (less‐active) form. Ether administration appears to modulate the cytidylyltransferase in hamster kidney differently than that in other hamster organs.
Substituted fatty acids in the leaves of some higher plants
Authors: Hu Zi‐Ling , Mendoza Yery A. , Buchs Armand , Gülaçar Fazil O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSubstituted (hydroxy‐, epoxy‐ and dicarboxy) fatty acids have been analyzed in the needles of two gymnosperms (Pinus sylvestris andJuniperus communis) and the leaves of four angiosperms (Betula verrucosa, Populus nigra, Quercus petraea andCorylus avellana) growing in the Lake Léman basin. The differences in the distributions of the acids that have been analyzed are greater between the various species than between the spring and autumn samples of a given species. Moreover, the isomeric composition of the 8,16‐, 9,16‐ and 10,16‐dihy‐droxypalmitic acid mixture is specific for each species.