bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with Encapsulated Hsp60 Peptide (p277) Prolongs Skin Graft Survival in a Murine Model of Minor Antigen Disparity
Authors: Luna E. , Postol E. , Caldas C. , Benvenuti L. A. , Rodrigues J. M. , Lima K. , Kalil J. , Coelho V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe increased expression of heat shock protein (Hsp)60 in different kinds of graft tissues has been associated with a proinflammatory role and rejection. However, there are very few reports in which treatment with Hsp60 delays skin allograft rejection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of encapsulated human Hsp60‐derived peptide p277 to delay graft rejection in two murine models of skin transplantation with minor antigen disparities. Briefly, BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 were intranasally pre‐treated with five doses of Hsp60 p277 peptide encapsulated in polylactide‐co‐glycolide acid microspheres (PLGM), and received skin grafts from DBA2 mice and 129/B6 (F1) mice respectively. The treatment with the peptide increased skin graft survival more than 20 days in both the mouse strains, mainly in C57BL/6 recipients (P < 0.05). Also, p277‐treated BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed IL‐10 and IFN‐γ production, induced by p277 peptide. For the first time, a mucosal schedule using the Hsp60 C‐terminal peptide p277 encapsulated in PLGM showed some survival prolongation of skin grafts bearing minor antigen disparities. Our results suggest a potential role for Hsp60‐based therapy and the mucosal route as a useful tool to control the inflammatory response to allografts.
Regulation of photosynthesis in the unicellular acidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria†
Authors: Oesterhelt Christine , Schmälzlin Elmar , Schmitt Jürgen M. , Lokstein Heiko 
Published: June 2007

SummaryExtremophilic organisms are gaining increasing interest because of their unique metabolic capacities and great biotechnological potential. The unicellular acidophilic and mesothermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria (074G) can grow autotrophically in light as well as heterotrophically in the dark. In this paper, the effects of externally added glucose on primary and secondary photosynthetic reactions are assessed to elucidate mixotrophic capacities of the alga. Photosynthetic O2 evolution was quantified in an open system with a constant supply of CO2 to avoid rapid volatilization of dissolved inorganic carbon at low pH levels. In the presence of glucose, O2 evolution was repressed even in illuminated cells. Ratios of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and 77 K fluorescence spectra indicated a reduced photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. The results were corroborated by strongly reduced levels of the photosystem II reaction centre protein D1. The downregulation of primary photosynthetic reactions was accompanied by reduced levels of the Calvin Cycle enzyme ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Both effects depended on functional sugar uptake and are thus initiated by intracellular rather than extracellular glucose. Following glucose depletion, photosynthetic O2 evolution of illuminated cells commenced after 15 h and Rubisco levels again reached the levels of autotrophic cells. It is concluded that true mixotrophy, involving electron transport across both photosystems, does not occur in G. sulphuraria 074G, and that heterotrophic growth is favoured over autotrophic growth if sufficient organic carbon is available.
Building teachers' creative capabilities in Singapore's English classrooms: a way of contesting pedagogical instrumentality
Authors: Kwek Dennis , Albright Jim , Kramer‐Dahl Anneliese 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a pedagogical intervention project conducted in secondary English classrooms in Singapore, entitled “Building Communities of Readers among Teachers”. The project is positioned against the dominant instrumentalism of Singaporean approaches to creativity and promotes a socio‐cultural stance to creativity and criticality in English language education. Currently in progress, the project seeks to foster teachers' rich textual engagements and to connect them with those they provide for their students. Situating the professional development in communities of reading circles, teachers' own, often narrow repertoires of reading are foregrounded, allowing them to experience the struggle of an active engagement with texts, and thus facilitating a re‐imagining of their reading pedagogies, which at present are highly scripted and authoritative. The ultimate aim is to enable them to re‐imagine their reading pedagogies in ways that encourage the creative and critical possibilities that textual openness can bring to classroom practice and learning.
Optimal Tariffs under a Revenue Constraint*
Authors: Hatta Tatsuo , Ogawa Yoshitomo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the optimal tariff structure under a revenue constraint. When a fixed level of tax revenue has to be collected from the tariff alone, no adjustment in tariff rates can achieve an efficient resource allocation, even in a small open economy. Hence, the optimal tariff problem arises under a revenue constraint. We show that the revenue‐constrained optimal tariff structure is characterized by the following two rules: (i) the optimal tariff rate is lower for the import good that is a closer substitute for the export good, and (ii) the stronger the cross‐substitutability between imports, the closer the optimal tariff is to uniformity. This provides a theoretical explanation for the finding in empirical studies that the efficiency loss from a uniform tariff structure is negligible.
The transport of Staufen2‐containing ribonucleoprotein complexes involves kinesin motor protein and is modulated by mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Jeong Ji‐Hye , Nam Yeon‐Ju , Kim Seok‐Yong , Kim Eung‐Gook , Jeong Jooyoung , Kim Hyong Kyu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is increasing evidence showing that mRNA is transported to the neuronal dendrites in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes or RNA granules, which are aggregates of mRNA, rRNA, ribosomal proteins, and RNA‐binding proteins. In these RNP complexes, Staufen, a double‐stranded RNA‐binding protein, is believed to be a core component that plays a key role in the dendritic mRNA transport. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of the dendritic mRNA transport using green fluorescent protein‐tagged Staufen2 produced employing a Sindbis viral expression system. The kinesin heavy chain was found to be associated with Staufen2. The inhibition of kinesin resulted in a significant decrease in the level of dendritic transport of the Staufen2‐containing RNP complexes in neurons under non‐stimulating or stimulating conditions. This suggests that the dendritic transport of the Staufen2‐containing RNP complexes use kinesin as a motor protein. A mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor, PD98059, inhibited the activity‐induced increase in the amount of both the Staufen2‐containing RNP complexes and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II α‐subunit mRNA in the distal dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons. Overall, these results suggest that dendritic mRNA transport is mediated via the Staufen2 and kinesin motor proteins and might be modulated by the neuronal activity and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway.
DOES VOLATILITY DECREASE AFTER REVERSE STOCK SPLITS?
Authors: Koski Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious research documents that volatility decreases after reverse stock splits. I show that measurement effects bias observed volatility, especially for lower priced stocks. Based on observed returns, volatility decreases 25% after reverse splits. Controlling for bid–ask bounce, volatility still decreases for stocks with prices above $5.00. However, for stocks below $2.00, volatility increases slightly. The portion of observed volatility attributable to measurement effects declines as the stock price increases and as the minimum tick size decreases. Finally, there is a significant and positive cross‐sectional relation between changes in the number of trades and changes in volatility after reverse splits.
Subsidiarity as a Guiding Principle for European Community Activities
Authors: Neunreither Karlheinz 
Published: June 2007

Maastricht Has Put Subsidiarity in The Forefront OF European Community (EC) guidelines. This new principle will allow the EC to take action wherever competences are shared in those areas where the member states cannot sufficiently achieve its objectives, but not beyond. The new Article 3b reads:The Community shall act within the limits of the powers conferred upon it by this Treaty and of the objectives assigned to it therein.In areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence, the Community shall take action, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, only if and in so far as the objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member states and can therefore, by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed action, be better achieved by the Community.Any action by the Community shall not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives of this Treaty.
The Northern Ireland Peace Process and the War against Terrorism: Conflicting Conceptions?
Authors: Guelke Adrian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPreserving Northern Ireland's peace process in the midst of a war against international terrorism has presented the British government with a series of dilemmas at the level of political rhetoric, policy-making and legislation. The peace process demands adherence to human rights standards to provide a foundation for the new political dispensation, while an implication of the necessity for a war against terrorism is that restrictions on liberty are justifiable in the name of security against the backdrop of the existence of an emergency. These conflicting conceptions for addressing political violence at the national and international level are addressed.
Terrorism as a Strategy
Authors: Freedman Lawrence 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article I discuss terrorism as a problem in the study of strategy rather than strategy as a problem in the study of terrorism. There is a developing literature now asserting that terrorist activity should be evaluated as strategy, so that dealing with the phenomenon requires not only denouncing it for its warped morality and inhumanity but also understanding motives and methods, treating it as purposive and instrumental and not just wicked. In this article I take it for granted that terrorism is strategic activity; my question is, what does this type of activity tell us about strategy? The case is interesting because terrorism is strategically generally demanding and prone to failure. Certainly when used on its own it is a poor support for political objectives, and may be counter-productive even when used with other methods. By looking at strategy at the fringes it is possible to illuminate aspects of strategic activity that have a wider application.
Polymorphism of axillary bud galls induced by Rhopalomyia longitubifex (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Artemisia princeps and A. montana (Asteraceae) in Japan and Korea, with designation of new synonyms
Authors: GANAHA Tomoko , NOHARA Machiko , SATO Shinsuke , UECHI Nami , YAMAGISHI Kenzou , YAMAUCHI Satoshi , YUKAWA Junichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the past, Rhopalomyia longitubifex, Rhopalomyia shinjii, and Rhopalomyia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been regarded as independent species based on differences in the sizes and shapes of axillary bud galls induced on Artemisia montana (Asteraceae) in Japan and A. princeps in Japan and Korea. However, comparison of morphological features and molecular sequencing data indicate that these Rhopalomyia gall midges are identical and that the differences in gall shape are polymorphisms, although the measurements of gall height and diameter overlap slightly. This finding suggests that although galls have frequently been regarded as extensions of the phenotype of a species, differences in gall shape may not always be reliable for identifying gall‐inducing cecidomyiids. The older name, R. longitubifex, is applied to these gall midges, and the names that were applied to this species on later occasions are revised or synonymized. The mature and immature stages of R. longitubifex are redescribed and information on the distribution, host range, and gall size of this species is provided. We also discuss the role of gall polymorphism in the early stages of speciation.
Two new species of the genus Carminator Shaw from Japan, the northernmost record of extant Megalyridae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: MITA Toshiharu , KONISHI Kazuhiko , TERAYAMA Mamoru , YAMANE Seiki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe family Megalyridae is recorded from Japan for the first time on the basis of two new species, Carminator helios and C. japonicus. This is the northernmost record of living Megalyridae, although fossil species are known from regions of the Baltic Sea. Carminator helios can be distinguished from congeners of the Asian and Australian regions by the combination of a long head, deeply excavated frons with convex inner margins, entirely striated postgena, the number of fore tibial spines (more than 16), and a long R1 vein. Carminator japonicus is distinguishable from other species by the combination of an orange‐colored metasoma, a weakly excavated frons, and an elongate vertex. This species was collected from the canopy of Acer pictum. Additional characters that distinguish species of the genus Carminator are discussed.
Hemoglobin‐Acetaldehyde Adducts Are Elevated in Women Carrying Alcohol‐Damaged Fetuses
Authors: Niemelä Onni , Halmesmäki Erja , Ylikorkala Olavi 
Published: June 2007

Alcohol use exceeding 3 to 5 daily drinks is associated with a 30% to 50% risk of delivering a child with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). FAE could be prevented if women were counseled and if they decreased their drinking. Therefore, we need sensitive and specific markers to detect alcohol abuse during pregnancy. We investigated whether acetaldehyde‐hemoglobin adducts (Hb‐Ach) could be such a marker. Using an antiserum specific for acetaldehyde‐generated epitopes in proteins, we measured the levels of Hb‐Ach from the red cells of 19 women visiting the outpatient department of pregnant alcohol abusers and from 14 non pregnant controls. The pregnant women were carefully followed to receive personal antenatal care and intensive counseling on alcohol. Nevertheless, eight of the women delivered infants with FAE. The remaining 11 women had healthy infants, although only four of them stopped drinking totally.The highest concentrations of Hb‐Ach were found from women who subsequently delivered children with FAE. When compared with the pregnant women abstaining from ethanol the Hb‐Ach values were found to be elevated in five of eight (63%) of the women who gave birth to children with FAE, whereas only in two/seven (28%) of the mothers who despite drinking delivered healthy children. Hb‐Ach measurements during pregnancy may prove to be useful to monitor the compliance of women withdrawing from alcohol and to distinguish the mothers at risk of affected offspring. The studies also support a pathophysiological role of acetaldehyde in producing ethanol‐associated fetal injury.
Surface area analysis of dental implants using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Schicho Kurt , Kastner Johann , Klingesberger Roman , Seemann Rudolf , Enislidis Georg , Undt Gerhard , Wanschitz Felix , Figl Michael , Wagner Arne , Ewers Rolf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: In this study, we present and evaluate a micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT)‐based method for the calculation of the potential bone/implant contact area (p‐BICA) on the surface of dental implants.Material and methods: For seven commercially available implants (Ankylos™ implant, Brånemark System®, Frialit CELLplus™, Replace® Select Tapered, Straumann Solid screw™, XiVE S CELLplus™, 3i Osseotite XP™ Threaded Miniplant®), the p‐BICA surface is determined by means of three‐dimensional X‐ray computed‐tomography and computer‐based data processing. Measurements were repeated two times, and the stability and repeatability of the measurement method were evaluated.Results: Our analysis revealed a p‐BICA of 118 mm2 for the XiVE S CELLplus™ implant, 134 mm2 for the Ankylos™, 136 mm2 for the Frialit CELLplus™, 138 mm2 for the Brånemark System®, 139 mm2 for the Replace®, 159 mm2 for the 3i Osseotite XP™ and 199 mm2 for the Straumann Solid screw™ implant. The measurement method proved to be stable and led to reproducible results.Conclusions: The micro‐ and macrostructure of dental implants define the surface and the p‐BICA. Precise determination of this parameter can be achieved by means of the micro‐CT‐based method as presented in this study. The value of p‐BICA lies in the predictability of industrial design before preclinical and clinical testing. Based on this method, dental implant properties become comparable even if geometrical details are not disclosed by the manufacturer.
Extracellular matrix expression and periodontal wound‐healing dynamics following guided tissue regeneration therapy in canine furcation defects
Authors: Christgau Michael , Caffesse Raul G. , Schmalz Gottfried , D'Souza Rena N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim: Temporal and spatial expression pattern of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in furcation defects following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) compared with open‐flap debridement (OFD).Material and Methods: In 21 dogs, mandibular second and fourth pre‐molars were treated with one non‐resorbable and three different resorbable membranes. Third pre‐molars were treated by OFD. After 2, 4, 8 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months, tissues were analysed by immunohistochemistry for collagen I (Col‐I) and III (Col‐III), fibronectin (FN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN).Results: At 2 weeks, the defect was mainly occupied by FN+ granulation tissue (GT), which was sequentially replaced by new connective tissue expressing FN, Col‐I, and increasingly Col‐III. Following superficial resorptions by OPN+ osteoclasts and odontoclasts, cementum and bone formation ensued with strong expression of BSP and OPN along bone and tooth surfaces. Deposition of Col‐I, FN, BSP and OPN+ cementoid and osteoid became evident after 4 weeks. Extrinsic fibres of cementum and bone stained intensely for Col‐III. The newly formed periodontal ligament expressed FN, Col‐I, and Col‐III, but no BSP or OPN.Conclusions: The spatial ECM expression was similar for OFD and the different GTR methods, although the timing and quantity of ECM expression were influenced by wound stabilization and inflammatory reactions.
Reproduction affects flight activity in female and male Daubenton’s bats, Myotis daubentoni
Authors: Dietz M. , Kalko E.K.V. 
Published: June 2007

Nearly all mammals in the temperate zone breed in spring and summer when climatic conditions are favourable and food is abundant. Similar to other mammals, food requirements of female bats are particularly high during pregnancy and lactation and of males during spermatogenesis. Seasonal changes in energy demand and reproductive condition should therefore result in different foraging activity within and between sexes. This assumption was tested on 16 adult females and 13 adult males of the Palaearctic Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1817), that were radio-tracked during pregnancy, lactation, and post-lactation periods. Pregnant females, as hypothesized, flew significantly longer (mean: 358.9 min; 70% of the night length) than males (mean: 228.5 min; 42.4% of the night length) during spring. In contrast, nightly flight time of lactating females decreased and was significantly less than that of pregnant females, but was similar to that of males during the same period. The longest flight times of males were registered during late summer when spermatogenetic activity is high. However, there were distinct differences in the use of foraging areas between female and male Daubenton’s bats. Female bats used small, individual foraging areas during pregnancy and lactation. The pattern was reversed in females after the young had been weaned and in males after they entered spermatogenesis. Overall, the results confirmed our proposition that flight activity reflects the higher energy demand and nutrition requirements in the different reproductive periods.
Freeze-Dried Foods
Authors: Jenkins R.L. 
Published: June 2007

Freeze-dried foods may advance the institu tional food service industry from today's "frozen era" to a "dehydrated era" in the next few years. Advances in food processing technology have already enabled processors to place on today's market freeze-dried soups, salads, entrees, sauces, vegetables, and beverages. Pioneering the quantity use of freeze-dried foods is the military, which used over 2,500,000 individual freeze-dried meat dishes in 1967. For 1968, they have awarded contracts for 8,500,000 items. The disadvantages of freeze-dried foods today are the high cost of utilizing the products in our present operations, and the lack of users' knowl edge of how to prepare them. These disadvan tages, however, are expected to be overcome in the foreseeable future. The major advantages of freeze-dried foods are: (1) the consistency of quality, (2) ease in storing, as no refrigeration is needed, (3) long shelf life, (4) lower transportation costs, be cause weighty liquids have been removed, and (5) menu variety can be achieved without ex tensive preparation facilities. If the progress in the next few years equals or exceeds that of the past five, freeze-dried foods will soon play a major role in the institutional food service industry. — Professor Vance A. Christian, School of Hotel Administration.
Environment for Second Careers
Authors: May Siegmund H. 
Published: June 2007

U.S. population past 65 years now numbers over 19 million and is expected to increase to 22 mil lion by 1975. Moreover, as the "baby boom" of the 1940's seeks well-paying jobs, executives and line workers will be encouraged to retire at 60 or younger. What then? Proper housing and living environment are para mount in constructive "second careers" when the daily trek to the job is no longer necessary, re ports Dr. Siegmund H. May. This presents op portunities to developers, for whom Dr. May lists financing resources. — Ed.
Company Conferences in Hotels
Authors: Perrins Harlan 
Published: June 2007

Some 200,000 company conferences are held each year, most of them in hotels and motels. These range from training and planning sessions to board of directors' meetings. Since the com pany holding the conference usually pays the bill for all in attendance, conferences mean lu crative business for hotels and motels. Many ac tively solicit company conferences to fill low occupancy periods without realizing their estab lishments and services do not measure up to requirements. This article tells what the con ference director wants from the place where he schedules his meeting. Harlan Perrins, as executive director of the Man agement Institute at Rockland Community Col lege, schedules numerous conferences in the Northeast. Formerly, he was conference director for the New York State School of Industrial & Labor Relations at Cornell University, which has an outstanding conference center.