bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical correction of severe strabismus and enophthalmos secondary to zygomatic arch fracture in a dog
Authors: Konrade Kricket A. , Clode Alison B. , Michau Tammy M. , Roe Simon C. , Trumpatori Brian J. , Krug William V. , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA grossly displaced segmental zygomatic arch fracture with marked ventro‐lateral deviation of the left globe was diagnosed in a 3‐month‐old male German Shepherd dog following a bite injury. The fracture was approached via a modified lateral orbitotomy and a fragment of the lacrimal bone removed. The rostral portion of the fracture was stabilized with a 5‐hole 2.0 dynamic compression plate bone plate. The surgical correction achieved sufficient skeletal fixation for proper anatomical reduction of the globe and excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Maps from Space: Latvian Organic Farmers Negotiate their Place in the European Union
Authors: Aistara Guntra A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractImplementation of a new system of geographical information system (GIS) maps based on aerial photos to administer EU agri‐environmental support payments for organic farmers in Latvia in 2005 erupted into disputes over farm boundaries, cultural landscapes, good agricultural practices and regional power dynamics. Farmers whose land area had been changed along with the change in technology were deemed to be in breach of their support payment agreements and had to repay the difference, leaving many disillusioned with the EU and considering withdrawal from the organic agriculture support programme. I argue here that this case demonstrates the complexities of EU accession for new member states, revealing the unintended consequences of the implementation of European policies in post‐socialist contexts. Disputes over the organic land area reflect deeper cultural issues tied to the history of foreign domination. Furthermore, they represent a conflict surrounding ideas of space versus place. Abstract ‘maps from space’ challenge farmers' place‐based knowledge and national imaginaries of agricultural landscapes. On a broader level, this conflict reflects the tensions between the imagined ‘return to Europe’ and the reality of Europe as a political and bureaucratic space.
Implicit Sociology, Interdisciplinarity and Systems Theories in Agricultural Science
Authors: Jansen Kees 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecurring political and economic crises in agriculture lie behind policymakers' demands for more interdisciplinary, problem‐solving approaches. This article examines different systems theories in agricultural sciences that claim to adopt interdisciplinarity and to bridge a supposed gap between the natural and social sciences. It analyses the debates and differences between so‐called ‘hard systems’ and ‘soft systems’ approaches, or positivist and interpretative approaches. It aims to make the confrontation between these two approaches more legible as well as to reveal the shortcomings of each position. In particular, the implicit and unsophisticated sociology underlying the hard systems approach is a key issue. Critical realist theory is explored as an alternative to both the hard and the soft systems approach towards interdisciplinarity since it opens up space for thinking in a non‐reductionist way about multiple determinations without rejecting the value of single disciplines for uncovering the working of important causalities.
How important is employment protection legislation for Foreign Direct Investment flows in Central and Eastern European countries?1
Authors: Leibrecht Markus , Scharler Johann 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article we investigate empirically the importance of labour market conditions and in particular the role of employment protection legislation as determinants of bilateral Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). We find that FDI flows are significantly higher in countries with relatively low unit labour costs. We also find that employment protection legislation does not exert a statistically significant impact on FDI flows. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that transition economies attract FDI via low production costs whereas indirect costs related to the rigidity of the labour market are less relevant.
Predicting European Takeover Targets
Authors: Brar Gurvinder , Giamouridis Daniel , Liodakis Manolis 
Published: March 2009

Abstract This article extends the Palepu (1986) acquisition likelihood model by incorporating measures of a technical nature, e.g. momentum, trading volume as well as a measure of market sentiment. We use the proposed model to predict takeover targets in a large sample of European and cross‐border merger and acquisition deals and validate its performance on an in‐ and out‐of‐sample basis. The robustness of the proposed model is investigated across several dimensions. In addition we explore the ability of the model to form the basis of successful takeover timing investment strategies. The results of our empirical analysis suggest that the proposed model predicts European takeover targets with relatively high accuracy and is able to determine portfolios that earn significant returns which are not explained by conventional risk factors.
Melancholy, Topography and the Search for Origin in Ingeborg Bachmann's Drei Wege Zum See
Authors: Krylova Katya 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTBachmann's Drei Wege zum See is a text insistently preoccupied with questions of identity, origin and origination. Operating along a topographical structure that both frames and drives the narrative, its concern is a walking through personal and collective history in search of an elusive point of origin. This attempt is always necessarily melancholic, standing under the perennial threat of missed or failed homecomings. Using psychoanalytic conceptions of psychic topography and Walter Benjamin's conception of origin, this essay explores the intersections of memory, place and identity in Drei Wege zum See, as well as drawing on related theories of melancholy and nostalgia. The present article builds on previous explorations of identity, intertextuality and collective memory in Drei Wege zum See, shedding a new light on these through consideration of the text's psychotopographical preoccupation. I explore how an attempt to reconstruct a personal narrative with the aid of a topographical frame is one that will always resist totalisation, where reconstruction may only ever be partial, never complete. Finally, I argue that topographical melancholy is a highly productive mode of identity formation, serving to subvert and overturn falsifying constructions of personal and collective identity.
Conflicting Evidence: Hermann Kant and the Opening of the Stasi Files
Authors: Jones Sara 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the crisis of memory resulting from the historical rupture of 1989 and the opening of the Stasi files in 1992. Focusing on the GDR writer, Hermann Kant, I compare Kant's own account of his involvement with the Stasi in post‐1989 autobiography and journalism with the portrayal of these events in the files themselves. The Stasi files have been described as both an aid to memory and a form of hostile biography, and a tension can be seen in the responses of both ‘Inoffizielle Mitarbeiter’ and victims of Stasi observation between the desire to use the files to reconstruct forgotten past events and the need to reject this secondary perspective on one's life. Hermann Kant can be seen to react to this crisis of memory with a total refusal to accept the validity of the file and an assertion of the superiority of his autobiography over this second biography. Analysis of the files and autobiography in conjunction with each other points to the ambiguity and complexity of intellectual life in the GDR and the difficulty of remembering this complexity in the post‐1989 political context amidst conflicting evidence shaped by different political circumstances.
Disorienting Fictions: Antje Rávic Strubel and Post‐Unification East German Identity
Authors: Jeremiah Emily 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article explores the work of Antje Rávic Strubel (b. 1974), setting it in the context of recent debates concerning post‐unification East German identity. Drawing on the work of Rosi Braidotti and Sara Ahmed, it defines Strubel's work as ‘nomadic’ and ‘queer’, and explores the novel Offene Blende (2001) in this light. It goes on to examine two male characters in later works by Strubel, Kältere Schichten der Luft and Vom Dorf (both 2007), before briefly investigating Strubel's 2008 guidebook to Sweden. Avoiding both ‘Ostalgie’ and self‐effacement, Strubel's work explores the ‘homelessness’ of the East German in today's Berlin Republic – in particular, that of the older, East German man – but it also suggests the liberating possibilities of this condition, in a manner reminiscent of Braidotti. In addition, Strubel offers a dual challenge to nationalism and heterosexism, paving the way for new understandings of Germanness.
Social behaviour of spitting spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae) from Singapore
Authors: Yap L.‐M. Y. L. , Li D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe social organization of Scytodes sp., a spitting spider from Singapore, was investigated in the field and in the laboratory. The characteristics considered were colony structure, maternal care, prey capture, prey sharing, adults provisioning with prey and how feeding regime influences the level of tolerance expressed by juveniles that were living together. The characteristics of this species were compared with those of other Scytodes species that have been studied previously. Based on our findings, we conclude that in this species, social organization is ‘periodic‐social’, with extended maternal care, this being a type of ‘subsociality’. The females of Scytodes sp. wrapped their eggs in a silk egg sac and used their chelicerae to hold the eggs until they hatched. Spiderlings tended to remain in their mother's web until the fourth instar (i.e. after the third moult) but they were also highly aggressive and cannibalistic towards conspecifics after the third instar. Females carried prey to their spiderlings and either fed alongside the brood or left them to feed alone. Spiderlings also captured large prey cooperatively by spitting onto, biting and feeding on it together. The occurrence of cannibalism among her juveniles did not appear to be influenced by whether the adult female was present or not, nor did it appear to be influenced by prey abundance.
Unsettling connections: transnational networks, development and African home associations
Authors: MERCER CLAIRE , PAGE BEN , EVANS MARTIN 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith the transnational turn in the social sciences attention has now turned to ‘global civil society’, ‘transnational civil society’, ‘transnational networks’ and, most recently, ‘migrant’ or ‘diasporic civil society’. Claims are being made about the developmental potential of these new configurations of civil society, and the global connections forged by migrant and diaspora associational life have been reified into things called ‘networks’ for the purpose of enrolling them into development policy. In this article, we challenge the network model through an analysis of transnational Cameroonian and Tanzanian home associations. The idea of a network suggests an overly robust and ordered set of linkages for what are in effect often loose and transient connections. African home associations draw attention to the historically‐embedded and mundane ways in which forms of associational life can be ‘transnational’ outside the formalized structures and Eurocentric development hierarchies created by international NGOs and other development institutions. Although they form largely invisible connections operating outside these hierarchies, African home associations unsettle assumptions about the geography of civil society and its relationship with development. Close attention to the histories and geographies of African home associations reveals that power and agency more often lie with migrants and elites within Africa than with the transnational diaspora.
Diaspora and development? Nigerian organizations in London and the transnational politics of belonging
Authors: LAMPERT BEN 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThrough a particular focus on the politics of belonging, I explore in this article the extent to which London‐based Nigerian organizations perform the progressive role expected of them in globalizing discourses of diaspora and development. The interplay between national and sub‐national, geo‐ethnic visions of belonging and development has fundamental implications for viability of the Nigerian state. In the ways they mobilize identity ‘abroad’ and make transnational interventions at ‘home’, London‐based Nigerian diaspora organizations can reproduce a pervasive and insidiously divisive politics of belonging that is widely seen to undermine the Nigerian project. However, these organizations and their transnational interventions can also transcend the ethnicized boundaries of belonging to articulate and pursue visions of Nigeria's national development. While they are involved in the politics of belonging and the progress of ‘home’ in ways that are clearly much more ambivalent than globalizing discourses of diaspora and development might hope, their potential for contributing to a unified and prosperous Nigeria should not be dismissed.
Associational links with home among Zimbabweans in the UK: reflections on long‐distance nationalisms
Authors: MCGREGOR JOANN 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, I provide an overview of the character of associations formed in Britain by Zimbabweans in the context of the mass exodus that gathered pace from the late 1990s. I discuss the politicization of the Zimbabwe diaspora, which infuses many aspects of associational life beyond specifically political organizations, and also emphasize the importance of Zimbabwean church fellowships. I offer an historical explanation for the strength of nationalism expressed in the diaspora and the absence of ‘translocal’ associations characteristic of other African diaspora groups, such as hometown associations, and explore reasons why burial societies, which have been centrally important for Zimbabwean migrants in other periods and contexts, are less prevalent in Britain. I build my argument on an historical discussion of continuities and changes in the associational forms characteristic of labour migrancy and urbanization within the southern African region. I emphasize the legacies of a strong segregationist settler state, the mobilizations and international solidarities of the protracted struggle for independence, the Christianization of elite African culture in Zimbabwe's cities, and the international politics of the recent multifaceted crisis. My discussion of the associational expression of ‘long distance nationalisms’ is based on interviews conducted in 2004–5, participation in diaspora meetings and events, and reading of diaspora media and websites. In the article I aim to highlight the specific social histories of association and the political context of diaspora formation, which are essential for understanding the nature of institutions connecting with home, and ideas about home itself.
Igbo professional migratory orders, hometown associations and ethnicity in the USA
Authors: REYNOLDS RACHEL 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article I examine ethnographically the discursive means by which Igbo speakers in hometown associations in the USA are crafting lives and communities abroad to express a territory‐bound sense of ethnic group membership. I contend that Igbo speakers living abroad are undergoing a process of ethnic formation or ethnification that is structured by increased rates of immigration and recent historical and political change in Nigeria. In response to these events, shifting representations of self and group identity incur an essentialist quality from abroad. Such essentialism is a paradoxical earmark of globalization for the brain‐drain Igbo professional.
Small is beautiful: the micro‐politics of transnational relationships between Ghanaian hometown associations and communities back home
Authors: MAZZUCATO VALENTINA , KABKI MIRJAM 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article we investigate why some hometowns in Ghana are more successful than others in mobilizing resources for community development projects from their hometown associations (HTAs) abroad. We analyse the praxis of HTA‐financed development by studying all actors involved in the process – HTAs and migrants abroad and local community leaders and their populations in Ghana. We find there is a relationship between the size of the community and the effectiveness of HTA mobilization. From a matched sample of five villages and towns in Ghana and their respective HTAs in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, we conclude that three important factors are at play in the relationship between size and effectiveness – the micro‐politics of relationships between migrant and local leaders; the institutions that exist at the village/town level to create incentives or sanctions for migrants; and the relationships of trust between the different actors involved.
Migration status and transnational mothering: the case of Filipino migrants in France
Authors: FRESNOZA‐FLOT ASUNCION 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent studies on transnational mothering have explored the various strategies migrant women use to negotiate their absence from home; however, there is limited knowledge on how migration status diversifies transnational mothering practices. To fill this gap, I conducted in‐depth interviews and observations of Filipino migrant mothers working in the domestic service sector in and around Paris. The consequences of migration include the prolongation of a planned stay in France, emotional difficulties due to family separation, and distant mother–child relationships. Transnational family life appears more complicated and difficult to manage for undocumented migrant mothers since they cannot easily visit their family back home, which they try to compensate by resorting to more intense transnational communication and gift‐giving practices. Hence, migration status plays an important role in shaping transnational motherhood.
The Parkinson disease‐associated protein kinase LRRK2 exhibits MAPKKK activity and phosphorylates MKK3/6 and MKK4/7, in vitro
Authors: Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Schumacher Annette , Boldt Karsten , Ueffing Marius 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAutosomal dominant mutations in the human Leucine‐Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene represent the most common monogenetic cause of Parkinson disease (PD) and increased kinase activity observed in pathogenic mutants of LRRK2 is most likely causative for PD‐associated neurotoxicity. The sequence of the LRRK2 kinase domain shows similarity to MAP kinase kinase kinases. Furthermore, LRRK2 shares highest sequence homology with mixed linage kinases which act upstream of canonical MAPKK and are involved in cellular stress responses. Therefore, we addressed the question if LRRK2 exhibits MAPKKK activity by systematically testing MAPKKs as candidate substrates, in vitro. We demonstrate that LRRK2 variants phosphorylate mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK), including MKK3 ‐4, ‐6 and ‐7. MKKs act upstream of the MAPK p38 and JNK mediating oxidative cell stress, neurotoxicity and apoptosis. The disease‐associated LRRK2 G2019S and I2020T mutations show an increased phosphotransferase activity towards MKKs correlating with the activity shown for its autophosphorylation. Our findings present evidence of a new class of molecular targets for mutant LRRK2 that link to neurotoxicity, cellular stress, cytoskeletal dynamics and vesicular transport.
Lack of CB1 receptor activity impairs serotonergic negative feedback
Authors: Aso Ester , Renoir Thibault , Mengod Guadalupe , Ledent Catherine , Hamon Michel , Maldonado Rafael , Lanfumey Laurence , Valverde Olga 
Published: March 2009

J. Neurochem. (2009) 109, 935–944.AbstractSerotonergic and endocannabinoid systems are important substrates for the control of emotional behaviour and growing evidence show an involvement in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. In the present study, the absence of the activity of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor impaired serotonergic negative feedback in mice. Thus, in vivo microdialysis experiments revealed increased basal 5‐HT extracellular levels and attenuated fluoxetine‐induced increase of 5‐HT extracellular levels in the prefrontal cortex of CB1 knockout compared with wild‐type mice. These observations could be related to the significant reduction in the 5‐HT transporter binding site density detected in frontal cortex and hippocampus of CB1 knockout mice. The lack of CB1 receptor also altered some 5‐HT receptors related to the 5‐HT feedback. Extracellular recordings in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) revealed that the genetic and pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptor induced a 5‐HT1A autoreceptor functional desensitization. In situ hybridization studies showed a reduction in the expression of the 5‐HT2C receptor within several brain areas related to the control of the emotional responses, such as the DRN, the nucleus accumbens and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, whereas an over‐expression was observed in the CA3 area of the ventral hippocampus. These results reveal that the lack of CB1 receptor induces a facilitation of the activity of serotonergic neurons in the DRN by altering different components of the 5‐HT feedback as well as an increase in 5‐HT extracellular levels in the prefrontal cortex in mice.
Identification of a cis‐acting element involved in the regulation of BACE1 mRNA alternative splicing
Authors: Mowrer Karen R. , Wolfe Michael S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractβ‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the transmembrane aspartyl protease that catalyzes the first cleavage step during proteolysis of the β‐amyloid precursor protein, a process involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. BACE1 pre‐mRNA undergoes complex alternative splicing, and cis‐acting elements important for its regulation have not been identified. We constructed and compared several BACE1 minigenes and found that BACE1 sequence from exon 3 through exon 5 was required for minigenes to undergo correct splicing. Minigene splicing was validated by showing specific splicing inhibition upon splice site mutation. Furthermore, we showed that mutation of the minigene at a predicted exonic splicing enhancer in exon 4 of BACE1 increased exon 4 skipping. Therefore, we have for the first time found evidence of a regulatory site involved in BACE1 alternative splicing, and these data indicate that minor sequence changes can dramatically alter BACE1 alternative splicing.