bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Addition Reaction of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide with Aldehydes Using a Chiral Tin(II) Lewis Acid
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Tsuchiya Yoshikazu , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMS-CN) enantioselectively reacts with aldehydes to afford the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers in good yields in the presence of a chiral tin(II) Lewis acid prepared from 1,1′-dimethylstannocene, triflic acid and (+)-cinchonine.
Hydrogenation Reaction of Carboxylic Anhydrides Catalyzed by a New and Highly Active Cationic Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Kara Yoshinori , Wada Keisuke 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A ruthenium complex prepared from tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium, triphenylphosphine, and a strong acid showed high activity and selectivity in hydrogenation reaction of carboxylic anhydride. The structure of the complex was assigned to be mer-HRu(PR3)3(S)2+, (S: solvent), which is more active than the neutral ruthenium complexes.
Effective Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide with Two-Stage Reaction System
Authors: Fujimoto Kaoru , Yokota Kohshiroh 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) was effectively hydrogenated to methanol (MeOH) and hydrocarbons (H.C.) in the two-stage reaction system. In the first stage, CO2 was converted to carbon monoxide by reverse CO shift reaction at 450 °C, then CO was converted to MeOH, C2–C5 hydrocarbons (LPG), or liquid H.C. in the second stage. Product yields were improved when the produced H2O in the first stage was removed from upstream of the second reactor.
Design for the Peptide Analog of Calcium Binding Loops by Considering the Steric Restriction Effect of Incorporated Nonprotein Amino Acids
Authors: Honda Shinya , Ohashi Shinichi , Uedaira Hatsuho 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A dodecapeptide was designed for a structural analog of calcium binding loops in EF-hand based on their averaged dihedral angles. The synthesized peptide contains three nonprotein amino acids, namely a d-alanine and two α-aminoisobutyric acids, which help this small segment to conserve the intrinsic conformation in calcium binding proteins by their steric restriction effect.
Direct Optical Resolution of Vicinal Diols and an α-Hydroxy Oxime with a Vicinal Diamine
Authors: Kawashima Masatoshi , Hirayama Akihisa 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Vicinal diols, such as 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclooctanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol, were directly resolved with (1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (1). (E)-1,2-Diphenyl-2-(hydroxyimino)ethanol was also resolved efficiently with 1.
Enhanced Polarization of Heptafulvene and Tropone by Annelation with Three Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene Frameworks
Authors: Aonuma Shuji , Komatsu Koichi , Maekawa Naoko , Takeuchi Ken’ichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The heptafulvene and tropone annelated with three bicyclo[2.2.2]octene frameworks (4 (X = CH2, O)) were synthesized as stable crystals, and were found to be more polarized than the corresponding parent compounds. Accordingly, the basicity of 4 (X = O) is increased as was shown by the enhanced pKa of the conjugate acid 3 (R = OH) by 2.1–2.5 pK units. The results of dynamic NMR as well as molecular mechanics calculations indicate that 4 (X = CH2) exists in a boat form while 4 (X = O) is nearly planar.
Solid-State Co-crystallization of Diacetylenes and Its Topochemical Polymerization
Authors: Hasegawa Masaki , Ikeda Tsutomu , Noguchi Hayato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Mixed crystals of 2,4-hexadiynylene-di(p-toluenesulfonate) with -di(p-bromobenzenesulfonate) and with -di(p-chlorobenzenesulfonate) were formed by simple grinding of these monomer crystals. The formation of the mixed crystals was proved by X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectral analyses as well as by their thermal behavior. These mixed crystals polymerized upon heating.
Dehydrogenative Condensation of Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by an Organoneodymium Complex
Authors: Sakakura Toshiyasu , Lautenschlager Hans-Jürgen , Nakajima Masashi , Tanaka Masato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Dehydrogenative condensation of trihydrosilanes is catalyzed by (C5Me5)2NdCH(SiMe3)2 to give polysilanes in high yields. In the polymerization of PhSiH3, molecular weight of the polymer becomes higher with an increase of the reaction temperature. Cyclic structures are indicated for oligomers larger than pentamers by FD-MS spectroscopy.
Cobalt-catalyzed Preparation of Diiminofuran Derivatives through Double Insertion of Isocyanide into a Metal–Carbon Bond
Authors: Sugano Kazuyoshi , Tanase Tomoaki , Kobayashi Kimiko , Yamamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2-bromoacetophenone with XylNC (Xyl = 2,6-xylyl) in the presence of Et3N and cobalt complex such as Co2(XylNC)8, CoBr2(XylNC)4, [Co(XylNC)5](PF6) or Co(acac)3, gave 2,3-bis-N-(2′,6′-xylyl)imino-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran. The structure was confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Rewritable Optical Storage Effect of (Liquid Crystalline Polymer)/(Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystal)/(Photoresponsive Molecule) Ternary Composite System
Authors: Kajiyama Tisato , Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Mori Yuichiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A rewritable optical storage effect induced by photoirradiation to a (liquid crystalline polymer)/(low molecular weight liquid crystal)/(photoresponsive molecule) ternary composite system was investigated. Turbid and transparent states were reversibly switched upon photoirradiation with ultraviolet and visible light, respectively, under the application of an a. c. electric field. A light-addressed optical storage of the composite film was demonstrated.
One-photon and Two-photon lonization Threshold Spectra of Jet-cooled 1,4-Difluorobenzene
Authors: Fujii Masaaki , Ito Mitsuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Ionization thresholds of jet-cooled 1,4-difluorobenzene were measured by one-photon ionization and two-photon ionization from the S1 state. Most of the ionization thresholds were commonly observed in both threshold spectra in spite of the existence of inversion symmetry for this molecule. It is concluded that the symmetry of ejected photoelectron changes in the one-photon and two-photon ionizations leaving the symmetry of the cation unchanged.
Water-Soluble Calixarene as the First Man-Made Catalyst for Regioselective Cleavage of Ribonucleoside 2′,3′-Cyclic Phosphate
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Isaka Kazuhiro , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The P–O(2′) bond of cytidine 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate, an intermediate in RNA hydrolysis, is regioselectively cleaved at pH 2 by use of water-soluble calix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonate. This is the first totally man-made mimic for the regioselective catalysis of ribonuclease.
Effects of a Naphthyl Group upon the Stability of Aroyloxyl Radicals
Authors: Tateno Toshiyuki , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
1-Naphthoyloxyl and 2-naphthoyloxyl radicals decarboxylate with higher activation energies than the unsubstituted benzoyloxyl radical (PhCO2·) particularly in acetonitrile, which indicates that the conjugative electron delocalization contributes to the stabilization of these radicals.
One-pot Formation of Functionalized Cyclopentenone Derivatives via Retro-Benzilic Acid Rearrangement of the Proto-Photocycloadducts of Methyl 2,4-Dioxopentanoate to Methylenecycloalkanes
Authors: Hatsui Toshihide , Ikeda Shin-ya , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The proto-Photocycloadducts of methyl 2,4-dioxopentanoate to several methylenecycloalkanes and -alkenes spontaneously caused retro-benzilic acid rearrangement, exclusively. The reaction proceeded quite cleanly, and a simple work-up without chromatographic separation allowed to isolate the products directly in very good material balance.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Ethers from Epoxides. Trityl Hexafluoroantimonate-Catalyzed Sequential Reactions, Rearrangement and Reductive Condensation, of Epoxides
Authors: Harada Tsunehiro , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of trityl hexafluoroantimonate, sequential reactions, rearrangement and reductive condensation, of epoxides proceed smoothly to give the corresponding ethers in fairly good yields. Trityl hexafluoroantimonate (5 mol%) efficiently accelerates the above two sequential reactions.
A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Glucosides from Pentaacylglucopyranose and Alkyl Silyl Ether by the Use of a Catalytic Amount of Active Species Generated from Methyltrichlorosilane and Silver Perchlorate
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Katsurada Manabu , Iida Yousuke 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
An efficient catalytic β-glycosylation reaction starting from pentaacylglucopyranose and alkyl silyl ether was performed using an active species generated from MeSiCl3 and AgClO4. 1-O-Acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-pivaloyl-β-D-glucopyranose stereoselectively reacted with alkyl silyl ethers with the assistance of neighboring effect to give the corresponding β-glucosides in high yields.
Visible-Light Induced Photofixation of CO2 into Benzophenone Catalyzed by Colloidal CdS Microcrystallites
Authors: Kanemoto Masashi , Ankyu Hirofumi , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Photocatalytic fixation of CO2 into benzophenone has been achieved under λ &gt; 400-nm light irradiation of a CO2-saturated DMF solution of colloidal CdS microcrystallites as photocatalysts, triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor, and benzo phenone yielding benzilic acid with benzhydrol and benzopinacol.
Selective Pyrolysis of Ethane over Pitch Based Carbon Fiber
Authors: Mochida Isao , Aoyagi Yusuke , Yatsunami Shunsuke , Fujitsu Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Ethane was found stationally and selectively pyrolyzed into ethylene in first order over a pitch based carbon fiber (CF) by the contact time of 4 second at 948 to 1023 K, which was lower by 200 K than that for the convensional pyrolyses without the fiber. The selectivity tended to decrease moderately with sharp increase of the conversion at higher temperatures, being 97 to 93%, respectively, at the conversions of 2 and 33% at 948 and 1023 K, respectively.
Initial Process of Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions of High Molecular Weight Polysilanes to Electron Deficient Sensitizers in Solution
Authors: Karatsu Takashi , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Shinkai Eiju , Kitamura Akihide 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Fluorescence of 9-cyanoanthracene (CA), 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP+BF4−) was quenched by high molecular weight polysilanes in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The quenching process of fluorescence of sensitizer by polysilanes polymer framework was investigated by measuring quenching rate constant. Small quenching rate constants in the order of 108–109 mol−1 dm3 s−1 were observed for high molecular weight polysilanes, however observation of transient absorption spectrum of pyryl radical (TPP·) was the direct evidence of electron transfer from polysilanes to TPP+.
Stereoselective Allylation of 3-Oxo Amides
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Oshima Koichiro , Utimoto Kiitiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Allylation of 2-methyl-3-oxo amides with allylzinc bromide or allylsilane in the presence of TiCl4 or n-Bu4NF provided both threo and erythro 3-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl amides with high stereoselectivity.
Preparation of Poly(N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) Fine Particles by Radiation-Induced Polymerization
Authors: Naka Yukihiko , Yamamoto Yukio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Preparation of fine particles of poly(N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) by radiation-induced polymerization is described. The size of the obtained fine particles is 0.22 μm having a narrow distribution. This result is one of the examples of the particle formation promoted by the crosslinking polymerization. This is the first report on poly(N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) fine particles.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of (3S, 4S)-Statine and Its Analogue from D-Glucosamine as a Chiral Pool
Authors: Shinozaki Katsuo , Mizuno Kazuhiro , Oda Hirohisa , Masaki Yukio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The C(6)-carbon degradation and elimination of C(4)-hydroxy group of D-glucosamine were achieved in 8-steps and 30% overall yield to furnish (4R, 5S)-5-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone-4-carbaldehyde dimethyl acetal, which was utilized as a key intermediate for enantiospecific synthesis of biologically important threo β-hydroxy-γ-amino acids, natural (3S, 4S)-statine and (3S, 4S)-AHPPA
One-Electron and Two-Electron Redox Switch in the Reactions of 1,5-Dihydroflavin and Quinones Controlled by Acid and Base in Acetonitrile
Authors: Ishikawa Masashi , Matsuda Yoshiharu , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The acid-catalyzed reactions of 1,5-dihydroriboflavin-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetraacetate (FlH2) with quinones (Q) result in the one-electron oxidation of FlH2 to FlH2+• and the two-electron reduction of Q to the hydroquinones (QH2) in the presence of HClO4 in acetonitrile. In the presence of Me4NOH, the base-catalyzed reactions result in the two-electron oxidation of FlH2 to Fl and the one-electron reduction of Q to Q−•.
Preparation of Stable Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis Using Poly-L-lysine
Authors: Hirata Yoshiki , Nukanobu Kouki , Hara Masayuki , Asada Yasuo , Miyake Jun , Fujihira Masamichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
In order to build up stable Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film of the photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) from Rhodopseudomonas viridis, effect of the formation of polyion complex between charged residues of RC and water soluble polyions was examined. Cationic polymer, poly-L-lysine (PLL), enhanced the stability of RC LB films during the film preparing process whereas anionic polymer, poly-L-glutamate, induced complete denaturation of RCs. LB films of RCs prepared with PLL show reproducible surface pressure area isotherm and high transfer ratio of RC monolayer to solid substrate.
Importance of N(3)-H of an Isoalloxazine Ring. Large Metal Ion Effect on Oxidation of an NADH Model by the N(3)-H Dissociated Flavin
Authors: Tominami Takashi , Ikeda Kiyonori , Nabeshima Tatsuya , Yano Yumihiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
It was found that N(3)-H dissociation of 10-methylisoalloxazine plays a crucial role for a rate-accelerating metal ion effect on the oxidation of N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) in MeCN.
Improvement of Sensing Characteristics of the Capacitive Type CO2 Sensor, CuO–BaTiO3, by Addition of Metal or Metal Oxide
Authors: Ishihara Tatsumi , Nishi Yuichiro , Kometani Kazuhiro , Mizuhara Yukako , Takita Yusaku 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Effects of additives on CO2 sensing characteristics were studied on CuO–BaTiO3 mixed oxide capacitor. Although the operating temperature shifted slightly to a higher temperature and the response time was prolonged, sensitivity to CO2 was increased by the addition of ZnO, Bi2O3, SrO, and Ag. In particular, CuO–BaTiO3 mixed oxide added with Ag was highly sensitive and selective for CO2 detection.
Epitaxial Growth of Wurtzite ZnO Crystals in an Aqueous Solution System
Authors: Kawano Tetsuo , Yahiro Junko , Maki Hideyuki , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Vertical and in-plane crystallographic orientation of ZnO rods was preferentially achieved through epitaxial growth on a Zn-face single-crystalline ZnO(001) substrate in an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 under basic conditions at 60 °C.
CeCl3·7H2O/NaI-promoted Efficient Alkylation of Activated Quinoline and Isoquinoline
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V S , Sathaiah K , Reddy P Narayana 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Active methylene compounds undergo smooth addition to quinolines and isoquinolines activated by chloroformate in the presence of CeCl3·7H2O/NaI to afford 2-alkyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline, respectively in excellent yields with high selectivity.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Properties of Ag/TiO2 Films
Authors: Tanahashi Ichiro , Yamazaki Fumitake , Hamada Kouji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Ag nanoparticles were deposited on TiO2 films (Ag/TiO2 films) by photocatalytic means. When the film was immersed in various kinds of alcohols, the linear relationship was observed between the wavelength of localized surface plasmon resonance peak and the refractive index of the alcohols in the range of 1.33–1.41. The Ag/TiO2 films can be applied to the SPR sensors.
An Efficient Method for the Preparation of N-Alkylamides from Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites and Amides by Using Methyl Acrylate
Authors: Aoki Hidenori , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
N,N-Dibenzyltrifluoroacetamide was formed in good yield by treating benzyl diphenylphosphinite with N-benzyltrifluoroacetamide in the presence of easily available methyl acrylate under mild conditions. Yields obtained for the corresponding inverted sulfonamides were good to high in the cases when alkyl diphenylphosphinites derived from chiral secondary alcohols were used.
Stepwise Size-selective Extraction of Aqueous Silver Nanoparticles by a Series of Organic Solvents
Authors: Yang Yang , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Using various organic solvents in turn, stepwise size-selective extraction of aqueous mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA)-modified silver nanoparticles is achieved through a cation surfactant-induced water–oil transference process.
Interobserver variation in the measurement of patellar height after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Rogers B. A. , Thornton-Bott P. , Cannon S. R. , Briggs T. W. R. 
Published: March 2006

We assessed the reproducibility and accuracy of four ratios used to measure patellar height, namely the Blackburne-Peel, Caton-Deschamps, Insall-Salvati and modified Insall-Salvati, before and after total knee arthroplasty. The patellar height was measured, by means of the four ratios, on the pre- and post-operative lateral radiographs of 44 patients (45 knees) who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Two independent observers measured the films sequentially, in identical conditions, totalling 720 measurements per observer. Statistical analysis, comparing both observers and ratios, was carried out using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Before operation there was greater interobserver variation using either the Insall-Salvati or modified Insall-Salvati ratios than when using the Caton-Deschamps or Blackburne-Peel methods. This was because of difficulty in identifying the insertion of the patellar tendon. Before operation, there was a minimal difference in reliability between these methods. After operation the interobserver difference was greatly reduced using both the Caton-Deschamps and Blackburne-Peel methods, which use the prosthetic joint line, compared with the Insall-Salvati and modified Insall-Salvati, which reference from the insertion of the patellar tendon. The theoretical advantage of using the Insall-Salvati and modified Insall-Salvati ratios in measuring true patellar height after total knee arthroplasty needs to be balanced against their significant interobserver variability and inferior reliability when compared with other ratios.
The results of arthroplasty in osteoarthritis of the shoulder
Authors: Haines J. F. , Trail I. A. , Nuttall D. , Birch A. , Barrow A. 
Published: March 2006

We have undertaken a prospective clinical and radiological analysis of 124 shoulder arthroplasties (113 patients) carried out for osteoarthritis. The clinical results showed improvement in the absolute Constant score and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of 22 and 43, respectively. Both were statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the scores after hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty in those patients with an intact rotator cuff. When revision was used as the end-point for survival at ten years, survival of 86%, or 90% if glenoid components made of Hylamer sterilised in air were omitted, was obtained in primary osteoarthritis. The most common cause for revision in the hemiarthroplasty group was glenoid pain at a mean of 1.5 years; in the total arthroplasty group it was loosening of the glenoid at a mean of 4.5 years. Analysis of pre-operative factors showed that the risk of gross loosening of the glenoid increased threefold when there was evidence of erosion of the glenoid at operation. Shoulder arthroplasty should not be delayed once symptomatic osteoarthritis has been established and should be undertaken before failure of the cuff or erosion of the glenoid are present.
Total elbow arthroplasty with the Coonrad/Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis
Authors: Aldridge J. M. , Lightdale N. R. , Mallon W. J. , Coonrad R. W. 
Published: March 2006

There have been few reports in the literature of total elbow arthroplasty extending beyond 10 to 15 years. We reviewed 40 patients (41 elbows) with a mean age of 56 years (19 to 83) who had undergone a Coonrad/Coonrad-Morrey elbow arthroplasty by one surgeon for various diagnoses between 1974 and 1994. Surgical selection excluded patients with previous elbow infection or who refused to accept a sedentary level of elbow activity postoperatively. Objective data were collected from charts, radiographs, clinical photographs and supplemented by the referring orthopaedic surgeons’ records and radiographs if health or distance prevented a patient from returning for final review. Subjective outcome was defined by patient satisfaction. Of the 41 elbows, 21 were functional between 10 and 14 years after operation, ten between 15 and 19 years and ten between 20 and 31 years. There were 14 complications and 13 revisions, but no cases of acute infection, or permanent removal of any implant.
Does the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scoring system only measure disability due to injuries to the upper limb?
Authors: Dowrick A. S. , Gabbe B. J. , Williamson O. D. , Cameron P. A. 
Published: March 2006

Although the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was designed, and has been validated, as a measure of disability in patients with disorders of the upper limb, the influence of those of the lower limb on disability as measured by the DASH score has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it exclusively measures disability associated with injuries to the upper limb. The Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment, a general musculoskeletal assessment instrument, was also completed by participants. Disability was compared in 206 participants, 84 with an injury to the upper limb, 73 with injury to the lower limb and 49 controls. We found that the DASH score also measured disability in patients with injuries to the lower limb. Care must therefore be taken when attributing disability measured by the DASH score to injuries of the upper limb when problems are also present in the lower limb. Its inability to discriminate clearly between disability due to problems at these separate sites must be taken into account when using this instrument in clinical practice or research.
The effect of the diameter of metal-on-metal bearings on systemic exposure to cobalt and chromium
Authors: Daniel J. , Ziaee H. , Salama A. , Pradhan C. , McMinn D. J. W. 
Published: March 2006

The recent resurgence in the use of metal-on-metal bearings has led to fresh concerns over metal wear and elevated systemic levels of metal ions. In order to establish if bearing diameter influences the release of metal ions, we compared the whole blood levels of cobalt and chromium (at one year) and the urinary cobalt and chromium output (at one to three and four to six years) following either a 50 mm or 54 mm Birmingham hip resurfacing or a 28 mm Metasul total hip replacement. The whole blood concentrations and daily output of cobalt and chromium in these time periods for both bearings were in the same range and without significant difference.