bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in Alzheimer’s disease mortality from European vital statistics, 2012–2020
Authors: Zuin Marco , Brombo Gloria , Polastri Michele , Romagnoli Tommaso , Cervellati Carlo , Zuliani Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveData regarding the trends in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mortality in the modern European Union (EU‐27) member states are lacking. We assess the sex‐ and age‐specific trends in AD mortality in the EU‐27 member states between years 2012 and 2020.MethodsData on cause‐specific deaths and population numbers by sex for each country of the EU‐27 were retrieved through publicly available European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT) dataset from 2012 to 2020. AD‐related deaths were ascertained when the ICD‐10 code G30 was listed as the primary cause of death in the medical death certificate. To calculate annual trends, we assessed the average annual percent change (AAPC) with relative 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Joinpoint regression.ResultsDuring the study period, 751,493 deaths (1.7%, 233,271 males and 518,222 females) occurred in the EU‐27 because of AD. Trends in the proportion of AD‐related deaths per 1000 total deaths slightly increased from 16.8% to 17.5% (p for trend <0.001). The age‐adjusted mortality rate was higher in women over the entire study period. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a stagnation in age‐adjusted AD‐related mortality from 2012 to 2020 among EU‐27 Member States (AAMR: −0.1% [95% CI: −1.8–1.79], p = 0.94). Stratification by Country showed relevant regional disparities, especially in the Northern and Eastern EU‐27 member states.ConclusionsOver the last decade, the age‐adjusted AD‐related mortality rate has plateaued in EU‐27. Important disparities still exist between Western and Eastern European countries.
The effect of carbon nanoparticles vs. immune colloidal gold technique test strips on parathyroid protection in total thyroidectomy: A randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Wang Bochun , Zhu Yiyuan , Zhou Shiguo , Lu Cheng , Zhang Aobo , Tian Jun , Li Wanxin , Ren Shuling , Dong Yanbo , Liu Liangfa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term effect of intraoperative usage of carbon nanoparticles (CN) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) test strip using immune colloidal gold technique (ICGT) is unclear. This study aims to compare the effect of intraoperative usage of CN and ICGT test strips on PG function.MethodsThis randomized clinical study involved adult patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. They were randomly allocated into three groups (control, CN, and ICGT group). Clinical data were analyzed.ResultsEach group involved 98 patients. Serum calcium and PTH concentrations at 24 h postoperatively (PTH24h) were higher in CN group. The parathyroid function recovered quicker in CN group. Use of CN increased in situ PG preservation and PTH24h. Mediation analysis indicated that 23.05% of the total effect of CN on PTH24h was attributed to PGRIS.ConclusionCN holds promise to improve in situ PG preservation and protect PG vasculature, thereby reducing the incidence of early hypoparathyroidism. The value of ICGT test strips for PG protection is dubious.
DeepCG: A cell graph model for predicting prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Baoyi , Li Chenyang , Wu Jia , Zhang Jianjun , Cheng Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLung cancer is the first leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States, with lung adenocarcinoma as the major subtype accounting for 40% of all cases. To improve patient survival, image‐based prognostic models were developed due to the ready availability of pathological images at diagnosis. However, the application of these models is hampered by two main challenges: the lack of publicly available image datasets with high‐quality survival information and the poor interpretability of conventional convolutional neural network models. Here, we integrated matched transcriptomic and H&E staining data from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) to develop an image‐based prognostic model, termed Deep‐learning based Cell Graph (DeepCG) model. Instead of survival data, we used a gene signature to predict patient prognostic risks, which was then used as labels for training DeepCG. Importantly, by employing graph structures to capture cell patterns, DeepCG can provide cell‐level interpretation, which was more biologically relevant than previous region‐level insights. We validated the prognostic values of DeepCG in independent datasets and demonstrated its ability to identify prognostically informative cells in images.
A flexible stochastic production frontier model with panel data
Authors: Wang Taining , Yao Feng , Kumbhakar Subal C. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryWe propose a flexible stochastic production frontier model with fixed effects for the panel data in which the semiparametric frontier is additive with bivariate interactions. To avoid potential misspecification and/or “wrong skew problem” due to distributional assumptions, we model the conditional mean of the inefficiency to depend on environmental variables and to be known up to a vector of parameters. We propose a difference‐based estimator for parameters characterizing the conditional mean of the inefficiency term, a profile series estimator, and a kernel‐based one‐step backfitting estimator for the frontier to facilitate inference. We establish their asymptotic properties and show that each component in the frontier estimated by the kernel‐based backfitting has the same asymptotic distribution as the one estimated with the true knowledge on the other components in the frontier (i.e., the oracle property). Through a Monte Carlo study, we demonstrate that the proposed estimators perform well in finite samples. Utilizing a panel of Chinese firm‐level data in 2000–2006, we apply our method to estimate the frontier and efficiency scores and conclude that export plays a significant role in reducing the efficiency of firms.
Doomscrolling and mental well‐being in social media users: A serial mediation through mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress
Authors: Taskin Sumeyye , Yildirim Kurtulus Hacer , Satici Seydi Ahmet , Deniz M. Engin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering that large‐scale events such as natural disasters, epidemics, and wars affect people all over the world through online news channels, it is inevitable to investigate the impact of following or avoiding negative news on well‐being. This study investigated the effect of doomscrolling on mental well‐being and the mediating role of mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress in social media users. A total of 400 Turkish adults completed scales to assess doomscrolling, mental well‐being, mindfulness, and secondary traumatic stress. The average age of the participants was 29.42 (SD = 8.38; ranged = 18−65). Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediating roles of mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress in the relationship between doomscrolling and mental well‐being. Mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress fully mediated the relationship between doomscrolling and mental well‐being. The results are discussed in light of existing knowledge of doomscrolling, mental well‐being, mindfulness, and secondary traumatic stress. High levels of doomscrolling, which is related to an individual's mental well‐being, can predict the individual's distraction from the here and now and fixation on negative news. This situation, in which mindfulness is low, is related to the individual's indirect traumatization and increased secondary traumatic stress symptoms in the face of the negative news he/she follows.
Light microscopical and parasitological analyses revealed the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles and various myrrh extracts against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice
Authors: Elossily Nahed A. , Abd‐ELrahman Salwa M. , Khedr Abeer A. , Dyab Ahmed K. , Mahmoud Abeer E. , Mohamed Shaymaa M. , Abd Elrahman Ahmed M. , Alsharif Fahd M. , Alsaadawy Reem M. , Sayed Ramy K. A. , Khalifa Mervat M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrichinella spiralis infection is a food‐borne zoonotic disease caused by nematodes that dwell in the tissues, presenting a significant public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), myrrh biosynthesized AgNPs “AgNPs synthesized using plant‐based green technologies”, myrrh extract, and myrrh essential oil, as alternative treatments against T. spiralis infection. Parasitological, histopathological, and cytotoxicity assessments were conducted to investigate the effects of various concentrations of these treatments in reducing the populations of adult worms and larvae during both the intestinal and muscular phases of T. spiralis‐infected mice. The results showed that the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis was achieved by myrrh extract (86.66%), followed closely by AgNPs (84.96%) and myrrh AgNPs (82.51%) at higher concentrations (800 mg/kg for myrrh extract, 40 μg/mL for AgNPs, and 40 μg/mL for myrrh AgNPs). While the group treated with myrrh essential oil showed the lowest percentage of adult reduction (78.14%). However, all treatments demonstrated comparable effects in reducing the larvae population in the muscle phase. Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh. Additionally, a comprehensive assessment of the cytotoxicity of AgNPs indicated low toxicity levels. This study supports that AgNPs synthesized using plant‐based green technologies hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of T. spiralis infection. These findings present a promising avenue for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs that are both effective and safe.Research Highlights
Myrrh extract has the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis.
Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh.
During intestinal phase of T. spiralis, varying levels of nanoparticle precipitation were detected in the liver, brain, lung, and intestine. During the muscular phase, the highest amount of AgNPs precipitation was detected in the liver, followed by the brain, and lung.
A clinical consensus paper on jejunal tube feeding in children
Authors: McGrath Kathleen H. , Collins Tanya , Comerford Annabel , McCallum Zoe , Comito Michaela , Herbison Kim , Cochrane Olivia Rose , Burgess Deirdre Mary , Kane Sarah , Coster Keryn , Cooper Michele , Jesson Kathryn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFeeding problems are common in children with complex medical problems or acute critical illness and enteral nutrition may be required. In certain situations, gastric tube feeding is poorly tolerated or may not be feasible. When feed intolerance persists despite appropriate adjustments to oral and gastric enteral regimens, jejunal tube feeding can be considered as an option for nutrition support.MethodsA multidisciplinary expert working group of the Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition was convened. They identified topic questions and five key areas of jejunal tube feeding in children. Literatures searches were undertaken on Pubmed, Embase, and Medline for all relevant studies, between January 2000 and September 2022 (n = 103). Studies were assessed using National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines to generate statements, which were discussed as a group, followed by voting on statements using a modified Delphi process to determine consensus.ResultsA total of 24 consensus statements were created for five key areas: patient selection, type and selection of feeding tube, complications, clinical use of jejunal tubes, follow‐up, and reassessment.ConclusionJejunal tube feeding is a safe and effective means of providing nutrition in a select group of pediatric patients with complex medical needs, who are unable to be fed by gastric tube feeding. Appropriate patient selection is important as complications associated with jejunal tube feeding are not uncommon, and although mostly minor, can be significant or require tube reinsertion. All children receiving jejunal tube feeding should have multidisciplinary team assessment and follow‐up.
Grazing strategies determine the size composition of phytoplankton in eutrophic lakes
Authors: To Sze‐Wing , Acevedo‐Trejos Esteban , Chakraborty Subhendu , Pomati Francesco , Merico Agostino 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough the general impacts of zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton communities are clear, we know comparatively less about how specific grazing strategies interact with environmental conditions to shape the size structure of phytoplankton communities. Here, we present a new data‐driven, size‐based model that describes changes in the size composition of lake phytoplankton under various environmental constraints. The model includes an ecological trade‐off emerging from observed allometric relationships between (1) phytoplankton cell size and phytoplankton growth and (2) phytoplankton cell size and zooplankton grazing. In our model, phytoplankton growth is nutrient‐dependent and zooplankton grazing varies according to specific grazing strategies, namely, specialists (targeting a narrow range of the size‐feeding spectrum) vs. generalists (targeting a wide range of the size‐feeding spectrum). Our results indicate that grazing strategies shape the size composition of the phytoplankton community in nutrient‐rich conditions, whereas inorganic nutrient concentrations govern phytoplankton biomass. Under oligotrophic regimes, the phytoplankton community is dominated by small cell sizes and the grazers have little to no impact. Under eutrophic regimes, dominating specialist grazers push phytoplankton towards small cells, whereas dominating generalist grazers push phytoplankton towards large cells. Our work highlights that trait‐based modeling, based on realistic eco‐physiological trade‐offs, represents a valuable tool for disentangling the interactive roles played by nutrient regimes and grazing strategies in determining the size compositions of lake phytoplankton. Ultimately, our study offers a quantitative basis for understanding how communities of lake phytoplankton may reorganize in the future in response to changes in nutrient levels and zooplankton grazing strategies.
Marketing experts are always right…aren't they? Disentangling the effects of expertise and decision‐making processes
Authors: Montecchi Matteo , Gvirtz Andrés , Plangger Kirk , Prendergast Gerard , West Douglas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMarketing experts are tasked with making important decisions that influence firms' performance. Some decision tasks are decomposable and can be broken down into smaller parts (e.g., pricing new products). Others are non‐decomposable and are challenging to break down (e.g., selecting creative work for advertising campaigns). The literature remains divided on whether expertise aids decision‐makers in addressing these different decision tasks, as well as how different decision‐making processes (critical analysis, intuition, introspection) improve decision‐makers' performance when they face these tasks. Using experiments with comparative samples of senior marketing managers (experts) and general public participants (non‐experts), we test whether expertise provides advantages when making decisions. Our results suggest that experts perform better than the general public with decomposable decision tasks, though not with non‐decomposable decision tasks. Furthermore, decision‐makers who rely on critical analysis perform better compared to intuition when addressing decomposable decision tasks, but the decision process is less important with non‐decomposable decision tasks. These findings provide insight into the conceptual boundaries of marketing professionals' expertise. Managers could apply these insights to potentially save resources (e.g., time, finances) by delegating decisions to more junior staff or even by leveraging external counsel through crowdsourcing.
Targets of tumor microenvironment for potential drug development
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wang Ziruoyu , Liu Kailu , Liu Yihang , Wang Shuai , Jiang Wei , Lu Fanghui , Dang Yongjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is the ecosystem surrounding a tumor, which usually consists of nontumoral cells or components, and molecules they produce and release. The frequent and continuous interplay between tumor cells and the TME strongly affects tumor development, disease progression, metastasis, and responses to therapeutic interventions. As a hub of potential therapeutic targets, the TME has gained appreciable momentum in cancer research. Here we systematically review the progress in targeting the TME as a strategy to develop novel antitumor drugs from the immunological, stromal and extracellular matrix components of the TME, shedding light on its complex synergies with tumor cells. This exploration highlights the transformative potential these elements hold in refining cancer treatment approaches. This thorough examination not only accentuates the TME's multifaceted nature but also positions it as a formidable avenue for propelling forward the paradigms of cancer therapy. This review aims to foster a deeper understanding of the TME's role in oncogenesis and its potential exploitation in advancing targeted, efficacious cancer treatments, marking a significant stride in the realm of cancer research.
Effects of behavioral bias regarding demand forecasting in a competitive market
Authors: Li Juan , Zhao Xuan , Zheng Yini 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsiderable human judgment is involved in demand forecasting. When managers judge demands under uncertainty, they inevitably use signals to update their demand information. These signals are seldom perfect; hence, managers hold behavioral bias about the signal fidelity, that is, over‐ or under‐estimating the signal fidelity. This article models managers' behavioral bias about signal fidelity in Bayesian demand forecasting and explores its impact on competitive firms. We find that no matter whether the competitor's manager is unbiased or biased, a firm can benefit from its manager's slight overestimation, but the competitor can benefit from the firm's manager's underestimation. However, when one firm's manager is biased, improving the signal fidelity may not constantly improve firms' profits, revealing the potential risk of behavioral bias on the efficiency of the forecasting systems. We further consider the diversity of biased managers and the information asymmetry regarding the bias. Except that the benefits of behavioral bias exist, we additionally find that managers' heterogeneous behavioral bias can form a hedge effect and bring a win‐win situation. Under asymmetric information, managers' inference bias on the competitor's type may benefit firms by easing the negative impact of managers' behavioral bias about signal fidelity. We finally analyze the social welfare and consumer surplus, check the robustness of the main results and deliver additional findings by considering competing firms, different signal fidelity measures, and the signal‐dependent behavioral bias.
Fat malabsorption in short bowel syndrome: A review of pathophysiology and management
Authors: Hirsch Thomas I. , Wang Sarah Z. , Fligor Scott C. , Quigley Mikayla , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark , Tsikis Savas T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFat malabsorption is central to the pathophysiology of short bowel syndrome (SBS). It occurs in patients with insufficient intestinal surface area and/or function to maintain metabolic and growth demands. Rapid intestinal transit and impaired bile acid recycling further contribute to fat malabsorption. A significant portion of patients require parenteral nutrition (PN) for their survival but may develop sepsis and liver dysfunction as a result. Despite advancements in the treatment of SBS, fat malabsorption remains a chronic issue for this vulnerable patient population. Peer‐reviewed literature was assessed on the topic of fat malabsorption in SBS. Current management of patients with SBS involves dietary considerations, PN management, antidiarrheals, glucagon‐like peptide 2 agonists, and multidisciplinary teams. Clinical trials have focused on improving intestinal fat absorption by facilitating fat digestion with pancreatic enzymes. Targeting fat malabsorption in SBS is a potential pathway to improving lifestyle and reducing morbidity and mortality in this rare disease.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy in clinical practice
Authors: Berry Amy J. , Bilbo Amy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a complex condition that disrupts normal digestion and absorption. Patients with EPI may suffer from mild to debilitating malabsorption with a constellation of symptoms that can have a significant effect on quality of life and nutrition status. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is effective and safe to treat EPI and is the standard of care for this condition. A wide variety and various forms of these products exist, as well as numerous guidelines and recommendations. Obtaining PERT for patients can oftentimes be cost prohibitive. Determining the presence and extent of EPI can be challenging and patient specific, making it difficult for practitioners. This narrative review will explore these issues, as well as several disease states potentially affected by EPI, and review current management strategies.
Fat digestion and absorption: Normal physiology and pathophysiology of malabsorption, including diagnostic testing
Authors: Omer Endashaw , Chiodi Cristina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFat digestion and absorption play crucial roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and supporting essential physiological functions. The initial stage of fat digestion occurs in the stomach, where gastric lipase begins the hydrolysis of triglycerides. However, most fat digestion takes place in the small intestine via pancreatic enzymes and bile salts. Emulsification of fat by bile acids facilitates enzymatic action, breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are then able to be absorbed by enterocytes. Fat malabsorption can result from various underlying conditions, such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid disorders, or intestinal diseases. The clinical manifestations of fat malabsorption include steatorrhea, malnutrition, and deficiencies of fat‐soluble vitamins. Diagnostic approaches involve assessing fecal fat levels, imaging studies, and various functional tests to identify the specific etiology. This review article will describe the normal physiologic process of fat digestion and absorption and discuss various pathophysiology that can lead to fat malabsorption within the gastrointestinal tract as well as their respective diagnostic testing modalities. Effective digestion of fat is essential for overall health, because it allows for absorption of many essential nutrients, plays an integral role in cellular and structural function, and supplies energy to the body. When this is dysfunctional, disorders of malabsorption can occur. This article will give a brief overview of the physiologic process of fat digestion and absorption in healthy individuals as well as review important pathophysiology that can lead to fat malabsorption within the gastrointestinal tract and current diagnostic testing modalities.