bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyansäureester, VI. Nitrilgruppenübertragung durch Cyansäure‐arylester
Authors: Martin Dieter , Rackow Sabine 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCarbanionenaktive Verbindungen addieren sich an Cyansäure‐arylester (1). Die dabei als Primärprodukte entstandenen oder durch Hydrolyse in Freiheit gesetzten Imidsäureester stabilisieren sich unter Phenolabspaltung zu den entsprechenden Nitrilen. Aus 1 und Enaminen werden so α‐Cyan‐ketone und mit Pyrrolen 2‐Cyan‐pyrrole erhalten. In aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (unter Houben‐Hoesch‐Bedingungen), Grignard‐ und CH‐acide Verbindungen lassen sich mit 1 Nitrilgruppen einführen. Kaliumcyanid ergibt mit 1 je nach Reaktionsbedingungen unter Dicyan‐Eliminierung Phenole oder Kohlensäure‐diarylesterimide, die nach saurer Verseifung Kohlensäure‐diarylester liefern.
Über Thioacyl‐isocyanate, II. 1.4‐Heterocyclo‐Additionen
Authors: Goerdeler Joachim , Schenk Hainfried 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThioaroyl‐isocyanate addieren in 1.4‐Stellung Azomethine, Enamine und Enoläther zu 6‐gliedrigen Ringen, Isonitrile zu 5‐gliedrigen Ringen. Letztere Reaktion geht auch Benzoylisocyanat ein.
Zur Cyanmethylierung schwach basischer Amine
Authors: Dimroth Karl , Aurich Hans Günter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Synthese von bisher unbekannten N‐Cyanmethyl‐ und N.N‐Bis‐cyanmethyl‐Derivaten schwach basischer Arylamine in Eisessiglösung unter Zusatz von wasserfreiem Zinkchlorid aus Arylamin, Paraformaldehyd und Kaliumcyanid wird beschrieben.
Umsetzungen mit cyanalkylierten Aminen
Authors: Dimroth Karl , Holzner Dieter , Aurich Hans Günter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractN.N‐Bis‐cyanmethyl‐aryl‐ oder ‐alkylamine (2) lassen sich mit Phthaldialdehyd (1) bzw. Naphthalin‐dialdehyd‐(2.3) zu Azepin‐Derivaten (3) kondensieren. Auch o‐Dibenzoyl‐benzol (4) gibt mit N.N‐Bis‐cyanmethyl‐isopropylamin ein Azepin‐Derivat, mit allen anderen hier untersuchten Bis‐cyanmethyl‐Verbindungen jedoch ein Kondensationsprodukt (5) aus 2 Moll. o‐Dibenzoyl‐benzol und 1 Mol. Bis‐cyanmethyl‐Verbindung. Aus N.N‐Bis‐cyanmethyl‐aminen allein bildet sich in Gegenwart von Kalium‐tert.‐butylat in tert.‐Butylalkohol ein Dimerisierungsprodukt, während Amine, die gleichzeitig die Cyanmethyl‐ und die Cyanäthylgruppe enthalten, in Pyrrolidin‐Derivate (11) übergehen.
1.3‐Dipolare Cycloadditionen, XXIII. Einige Beobachtungen zur Addition organischer Azide an CC‐Dreifachbindungen
Authors: Huisgen Rolf , Knorr Rudolf , Möbius Leander , Szeimies Günter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWenngleich elektronenarme Azide sich bevorzugt an elektronenreiche Alkine anlagern, lassen sich aus Tosylazid mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester, Propiolsäureester, Phenylpropiolsäureester und Phenylacetylen die 1‐Tosyl‐1.2.3‐triazole erhalten. Phenylazid tritt mit Methyl‐propiolat zu 88% 1‐Phenyl‐triazol‐4‐carbonester und 12% des isomeren 5‐Carbonesters zusammen. 4‐Nitro‐phenylazid addiert sich rascher als 4‐Methoxy‐phenylazid an Äthoxy‐acetylen zum 1‐Aryl‐5‐äthoxy‐triazol. Benz‐in, das als gespanntes Cycloalkin betrachtet werden kann, nimmt glatt Phenylazid und 4‐Methoxy‐phenylazid auf.
Using the Sakai collaborative toolkit in e‐Research applications
Authors: Severance Charles , Hardin Joseph , Golden Glenn , Crouchley Robert , Fish Adrian , Finholt Tom , Kirschner Beth , Eng Jim , Allan Rob 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Sakai Project (http://www.sakaiproject.org) is developing a collaborative environment that provides capabilities that span teaching and learning as well as e‐Research applications. By exploiting the significant requirements overlap in the collaboration space between these areas, the Sakai community can harness significant resources to develop an increasingly rich set of collaborative tools. While collaboration is a significant element of many e‐Research projects, there are many other important elements including portals, data repositories, compute resources, special software, data sources, desktop applications, and content management/e‐Publication. The successful e‐Research projects will find ways to harness all of these elements to advance their science in the most effective manner. It is critical to realize that there is not a single software product that can meet the requirements for such a rich e‐Research effort. Realizing that multiple elements must be integrated together for best effect leads us to focus on understanding the nature of integration and working together to improve the cross‐application integration. This leads us not to drive towards a single toolkit (such as Sakai or Globus), but instead to a meta‐toolkit containing well‐integrated applications. When considering a technology for use, perhaps the most important aspect of that technology is how well it integrates with other technologies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A portal for visualizing Grid usage
Authors: von Laszewski Gregor , DiCarlo Jonathan , Allcock Bill 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe introduce a framework for measuring the use of Grid services and exposing simple summary data to an authorized set of Grid users through a JSR168‐enabled portal. The sensor framework has been integrated into the Globus Toolkit and allows Grid administrators to have access to a mechanism helping with report and usage statistics. Although the original focus was the reporting of actions in relationship to GridFTP services, the usage service has been expanded to report also on the use of other Grid services. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VLab: collaborative Grid services and portals to support computational material science
Authors: Nacar Mehmet A. , Aktas Mehmet S. , Pierce Marlon , Lu Zhenyu , Erlebacher Gordon , Kigelman Dan , Bollig Evan F. , da Silva Cesar R. S. , Sowell Benny , Yuen David A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present the initial architecture and implementation of VLab, a Grid and Web‐Service‐based system for enabling distributed and collaborative computational chemistry and material science applications for the study of planetary materials. The requirements of VLab include job preparation and submission, job monitoring, data storage and analysis, and distributed collaboration. These components are divided into client entry (input file creation, visualization of data, task requests) and back‐end services (storage, analysis, computation). Clients and services communicate through NaradaBrokering, a publish/subscribe Grid middleware system that identifies specific hardware information with topics rather than IP addresses. We describe three aspects of VLab in this paper: (1) managing user interfaces and input data with JavaBeans and Java Server Faces; (2) integrating Java Server Faces with the Java CoG Kit; and (3) designing a middleware framework that supports collaboration. To prototype our collaboration and visualization infrastructure, we have developed a service that transforms a scalar data set into its wavelet representation. General adaptors are placed between the endpoints and NaradaBrokering, which serve to isolate the clients/services from the middleware. This permits client and service development independently of potential changes to the middleware. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A web‐based interactive developmental table for the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, including 3D real‐image embryo reconstructions: I. From fertilized egg to hatching larva
Authors: Hotta Kohji , Mitsuhara Kenta , Takahashi Hiroki , Inaba Kazuo , Oka Kotaro , Gojobori Takashi , Ikeo Kazuho 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ascidian chordate Ciona intestinalis is an established model organism frequently exploited to examine cellular development and a rapidly emerging model organism with a strong potential for developmental systems biology studies. However, there is no standardized developmental table for this organism. In this study, we made the standard web‐based image resource called FABA: Four‐dimensional Ascidian Body Atlas including ascidian's three‐dimensional (3D) and cross‐sectional images through the developmental time course. These images were reconstructed from more than 3,000 high‐resolution real images collected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at newly defined 26 distinct developmental stages (stages 1–26) from fertilized egg to hatching larva, which were grouped into six periods named the zygote, cleavage, gastrula, neurula, tailbud, and larva periods. Our data set will be helpful in standardizing developmental stages for morphology comparison as well as for providing the guideline for several functional studies of a body plan in chordate. Developmental Dynamics 236:1790–1805, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deciphering the signaling events that promote melanoma tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry and their link to embryonic vasculogenesis: Role of the Eph receptors
Authors: Hess Angela R. , Margaryan Naira V. , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Hendrix Mary J.C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring embryogenesis, the primordial microcirculation is formed through a process known as vasculogenesis. The term “vasculogenic mimicry” has been used to describe the manner in which highly aggressive, but not poorly aggressive melanoma tumor cells express endothelial and epithelial markers and form vasculogenic‐like networks similar to embryonic vasculogenesis. Vasculogenic mimicry is one example of the remarkable plasticity demonstrated by aggressive melanoma cells and suggests that these cells have acquired an embryonic‐like phenotype. Since the initial discovery of tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry by our laboratory, we have been focusing on understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This review will highlight recent findings identifying key signal transduction events that regulate melanoma vasculogenic mimicry and their similarity to the signal transduction events responsible for promoting embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Specifically, this review will focus on the role of the Eph receptors and ligands in embryonic vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry. Developmental Dynamics 236:3283–3296, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When is sexual abuse relevant to bulimic disorders? The validity of clinical judgements
Authors: Waller Glenn , Ruddock Angela , Pitts Christopher 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAt a general level, reported sexual abuse appears to be associated with bulimic eating disorders. Clinicians need to judge whether such a history is relevant to individual cases. However, there are few guidelines for making such a decision. This study examines the symptoms and psychological functions associated with clinicians' judgements of relevance in a case series of bulimic women. Where abuse was reported and was judged to be relevant, subsequent measures showed that the women vomited more frequently and had a higher level of specific self‐denigratory beliefs consequent upon the abuse. These findings provide concurrent validation of clinicians' judgements, and offer some promise of standardizing clinical practice in deciding whether to attend to the consequences of reported sexual abuse.
Predictors of eating psychopathology in adolescent girls
Authors: Wood Alison , Waller Glen , Gowers Simon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs part of a prospective study of the development of eating symptomatology, adolescent girls completed measures of eating attitudes and self‐esteem. At two‐year follow‐up, the predictive validity of those measures was tested. Abnormal eating attitudes at baseline predicted both unhealthy eating attitudes and partial syndrome eating disorder (PSED) at follow‐up. Poor self‐esteem at baseline predicted unhealthy eating attitudes, but was not significantly associated with PSED. The results suggest that measures of both eating attitudes and self‐esteem have potential value as screening instruments for subsequent eating problems, assisting in targeting intervention at an early stage.
Continuity and discontinuity in the history of self‐starvation
Authors: van Deth Ron , Vandereycken Walter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOverviewing the history of self‐starvation, extreme fasting may be found in three different forms: a miracle, a spectacle, an illness. Referring to different contexts of interpretation, the transition from sainthood to patienthood suggests a discontinuous pattern in the history of self‐starvation. On the other hand, several similarities in the behaviours of fasting women over the centuries rather point to transhistorical continuity. The discussion usually centres around the question of whether one may apply a ‘modern’ diagnosis such as anorexia nervosa, together with its actual sociocultural meanings, onto the phenomenon of food abstinence in previous centuries.
Comments on the proposed criteria for eating disorders in DSM IV
Authors: Beumont Pierre J. V. , Garner David , Touyz Stephen W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe American Psychiatric Association (APA) soon will publish a new system for the classification of psychiatric illnesses, DSM IV. It is likely to become the accepted scheme throughout the world for at least the next decade, exerting a strong influence on clinical work and research (Kendell, 1991). With admirable openness, the APA has promulgated widely the deliberations of the committees charged with designing the new classificatory system, actively seeking comments from American and overseas experts. Proposals were set out in an Options book, and a series of Draft Criteria have now been published (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) from which a fair idea can be gained of how the final version will look. There is an extensive accompanying text, sections of which have also been circulated to consultants with a special interest in the various areas of classification. Field trial results have been assessed and the proposed criteria discussed at the APA's Annual Meeting in May, with a view to publication of the final form of DSM IV early in 1994.While members of the American Association have had ample opportunity to express their views, it is important that other professional groups throughout the world also voice their opinions of the new system as they too will be affected by its implementation. The purpose of the present paper is to present a critical appraisal of the proposed criteria for eating disorders in DSM IV.
Toward the proteomic identification of biomarkers for the prediction of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Qing‐Yu , Zhu Rui , Lei Ting , Ng Mandy Y.M. , Luk John M. , Sham Pak , Lau George K.K. , Chiu Jen‐Fu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEarly detection is a key step for effective intervention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers is a major reason for the high rate of HCC‐related mortality. This report described an integrated strategy by combining SELDI‐ProteinChip, sophisticated algorithm analysis, acetonitrile (ACN) pre‐treatment and two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE)–peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) techniques to identify serological markers for the prediction of HBV‐related HCC. Proteomic profiling of three groups of serum specimens from HBV‐related HCC (50 cases), HBV infection (45 cases), and normal subjects (30 cases) was conducted by using SELDI‐ProteinChip system and the resulting different protein peaks were subjected to stepwise statistical analyses. Three most discriminatory peaks at 5890, 11615, and 11724 Da, respectively, were screened out from the statistical algorithm and a predictive model based on the three peaks was constructed and tested using the newly enrolled serum samples. 2DE was applied to separate and compare the serum samples that were pre‐treated by ACN precipitation. The protein spots obviously intensified in HCC sera in the 2DE region of 12 kDa were identified by PMF to be serum SAA, which was validated by SELDI‐TOF spectra of HCC sera after immunoprecipitation using anti‐SAA antibody and by Western blot experiments. Given the fact that SAA is not a specific biomarker, further attempt is being made to identify the other two most discriminatory peaks to realize the possibility of using the predictive model for HCC surveillance and prediction. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 740–752, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel TEM contrasting technique for extracellular polysaccharides in in vitro biofilms
Authors: Reese Steven , Guggenheim Bernhard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the past, the visualization of the extracellular matrix of biofilms on an ultrastructural level was hampered by shrinkage artifacts. In addition, the reproducible contrasting of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) has not satisfactorily been solved. Here we describe a method overcoming these difficulties, which produces artifact‐free transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images using multispecies biofilms grown in vitro. Sufficient contrast was achieved by replacing Schiff's reagent with the osmiophilic amino acid methionine. In addition, shrinkage was avoided by replacing the classical dehydration agents with ethylene glycol and 1,2‐pentanediol. Applying this method provided images of biofilms with an intact matrix in which differentially contrasted bacteria were embedded. All six members of the biofilm consortium (Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Candida albicans) could be distinguished. Within the matrix, structural differences of EPS, probably due to different proportions of α‐1,3 and α‐1,6 linkages, were apparent. Fibrilar polysaccharides were evident around microcolonies of S. sobrinus, and fluffy polysaccharides were detected in the vicinity of S. oralis microcolonies. The ultrastructure of biofilms prepared for TEM using this method allows the imaging of undistorted EPS as well as the differentiated contrasting of the six microbial species of the in vitro biofilm model. This is a major step forward in determining the spatial arrangement of microorganisms in biofilms on an ultrastructural level. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Product graph representations
Authors: Feder Tomás 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe study a hierarchy of canonical representations of grpahs as subgraphs of cartesian products of graphs. This hierarchy starts with the isometric representation, includes the 2‐isometric represnetation, and ends with the cartesian prime factorization. We show that all three representations can be obtained in O(nm) time using O(m) space, for graphs with n vertices and m edges. The algorithms have immediate parallel versions that use n3 processors and run in O(log2 n) time. © 1929 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Some upper bounds on the total and list chromatic numbers of multigraphs
Authors: Häggkvist Roland , Chetwynd Amanda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we discuss some estimates for upper bounds on a number of chromatic parameters of a multigraph. In particular, we show that the total chromatic number for an n‐order multigraph exceeds the chromatic index by the smallest t such that t! > n.
An improvement of fraisse's sufficient condition for hamiltonian graphs
Authors: Ainouche A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLet G be a k‐connected graph of order n. For an independent set c, let d(S) be the number of vertices adjacent to at least one vertex of S and > let i(S) be the number of vertices adjacent to at least |S| vertices of S. We prove that if there exists some s, 1 ≤ s ≤ k, such that ΣxiEX d(X\{Xi}) > s(n−1) – k[s/2] – i(X)[(s−1)/2] holds for every independetn set X ={x0, x1 ⃛xs} of s + 1 vertices, then G is hamiltonian. Several known results, including Fraisse's sufficient condition for hamiltonian graphs, are dervied as corollaries.
The domination numbers of the 5 × n and 6 × n grid graphs
Authors: Chang Tony Yu , Clark W. Edwin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe k × n grid graph is the product Pk × Pn of a path of length k − 1 and a path of length n − 1. We prove here formulas found by E. O. Hare for the domination numbers of P5 × Pn and P6 × Pn. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acyclic graph coloring and the complexity of the star chromatic number
Authors: Guichard David R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStar chromatic number, introduced by A. Vince, is a natural generalization of chromatic number. We consider the question, “When is χ* < χ?” We show that χ* < χ if and only if a particular digraph is acyclic and that the decisioin problem associated with this question is probably not in NP though it is both NP‐hard and NP‐easy. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Asymptotic bounds for irredundant and mixed Ramsey numbers
Authors: Chen Guantao , Hattingh Johannes H. , Rousseau Cecil C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe irredundant Ramsey number s(m, n) is the smallest N such that in every red‐blue coloring of the edges of KN, either the blue graph contains an m‐element irredundant set or the red graph contains an n‐element irredundant set. The definition of the mixed Ramsey number t(m, n) differs from s(m, n) in that the n‐element irredundant set is replaced by an n‐element independent set. We prove asymptotic lower bounds for s(n, n) and t(m, n) (with m fixed and n large) and a general upper bound for t(3, n). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Existence of proportional graphs
Authors: Kärrman Jan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe notion of p‐proportional graphs comes from the study of subgraph counts in random graphs, where the p‐proportional graphs occur as exceptional cases in a central limit theorem. In this paper we show that p‐proportional graphs exist for all rational p, 0 < p < 1, and thereby proving a conjecture from [3]. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the chordality of a graph
Authors: McKee Terry A. , Scheinerman Edward R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe chordality of a graph G = (V, E) is defined as the minimum k such that we can write E = E1 ∩ … ∩ Ek with each (V, Ei) a chordal graph. We present several results bounding the value of this generalization of boxicity. Our principal result is that the chordality of a graph is at most its tree width. In particular, series‐parallel graphs have chordality at most 2. Potential strengthenings of this statement fail in that there are planar graphs with chordality 3 and series‐parallel graphs with boxicity 3. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Covering contractible edges in 3‐connected graphs. II. Characterizing those with covers of size three
Authors: Hemminger Robert L. , Yu Xingxing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is shown that if G is a 3‐connected graph with |V(G)| ≥ 10, then, with the exception of one infinite class based on K3,p, it takes at least four vertices to cover the set of contractible edges of G. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Graphs characterized by the second eigenvalue
Authors: Cao Dasong , Yuan Hong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we prove that for a simple graph G without isolated vertices 0 < λ2(G) < 1/3 if and only if G ≅ K̄n‐3 V (K1 ∪ K2), the graph obtained by joining each vertex of K̄n‐3 to each vertex of K1 ∪ K2). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Representing products of polyhedra by products of edge‐colored graphs
Authors: Gagliardi Carlo , Grasselli Luigi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGiven an (m + 1)‐colored graph (Γ γ′) and an (n + 1)‐colored graph (, γ″), representing two polyhedra P′, P″ respectively, we present a direct construction of an (m + n+1)‐colored graph (Γ′⊠ Γ″, γ′ ⊠ γ″), which represents the product P′ × P″. Some examples, applications, and conjectures about the genus of manifold products are also presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A note on the line‐distinguishing chromatic number and the chromatic index of a graph
Authors: Salvi N. Zagaglia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLet λ(G) be the line‐distinguishing chromatic number and x′(G) the chromatic index of a graph G.We prove the relation λ(G) ≥ x′(G), conjectured by Harary and Plantholt. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.