bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term monitoring of social behavior in a grouping of six female tigers (Panthera tigris)
Authors: Miller Angela , Kuhar Christopher W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough literature on the reproduction of captive tigers is plentiful, there is little information on other social behaviors, particularly within large social groupings. Here we report on the long‐term monitoring of social behaviors in six female tigers (Panthera tigris). Over a period of 6 years, behavioral data were collected on spraying, vocalizations, non‐contact aggression, and contact aggression during outdoor observations, as well as nearest neighbors in the morning, as a proxy measure of affiliation. Regression analyses showed that non‐contact aggression and vocalizing were increasing, whereas spraying and social proximity were decreasing over the 6 years of the study. Paired t‐tests showed no seasonal differences in aggression, but animals had higher social proximity scores during the mornings of the colder winter months. Correlations showed that spraying was positively related to contact aggression whereas social proximity was negatively correlated with non‐contact aggression. In addition to documenting levels of contact and non‐contact aggression over time, this study showed these behaviors correlated with behaviors that were more easily scored (spraying and social proximity). Behavioral monitoring has played a key role in the management and husbandry of this large social grouping of female tigers. In addition to providing keepers with the opportunity to observe their animals in regularly scheduled sessions, behavioral monitoring has provided baseline information on social relationships in this grouping over time. If future research validates the relationship between aggression and spraying/social proximity, this can be a valuable tool for long‐term monitoring of groups of tigers. Zoo Biol 27:89–99, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotic analysis, in a thin multidomain, of minimizing maps with values in \( S^{2} \)
Authors: Gaudiello Antonio , Hadiji Rejeb 
Published: November 2007

We consider a thin multidomain of

\mathbb{R}^{3}

consisting of two vertical cylinders, one placed upon the other: the first one with given height and small cross section, the second one with small thickness and given cross section. The first part of this paper is devoted to analyze, in this thin multidomain, a “static Landau–Lifshitz equation”, when the volumes of the two cylinders vanish. We derive the limit problem, which decomposes into two uncoupled problems, well posed on the limit cylinders (with dimensions 1 and 2, respectively). We precise how the limit problem depends on limit of the ratio between the volumes of the two cylinders. In the second part of this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the two limit problems, when the exterior limit fields increase. We show that in some cases, contrary to the initial problem, the energies of the limit problems diverge and we find the order of these energies.

Résumé

Nous considérons un multi-domaine mince de

\mathbb{R}^{3}

se composant de deux cylindres verticaux, superposés l'un sur l'autre : le premier possède une taille donnée et une petite section transversale, le second a une petite épaisseur et une section transversale donnée. La première partie de cet article est consacrée à analyser, dans ce multi-domaine, une équation stationnaire de type Landau–Lifshitz, quand les volumes des deux cylindres tendent vers 0. Nous montrons que le problème limite, se décompose en deux probèmes découplés, bien posés sur le domaine limite. Ensuite, nous précisons comment le problème limite dépend de la limite du rapport des volumes des deux cylindres. Dans la deuxième partie de cet article, nous étudions le comportement asymptotique des deux problèmes limites, quand les champs extérieurs limites augmentent. Nous prouvons que dans certains cas, contrairement au problème initial, les énergies des problèmes limites divergent et nous précisons l'ordre de ces énergies.
Isoperimetric profile and uniqueness for Neumann problems
Authors: Lucia Marcello 
Published: November 2007

Given a connected compact Riemannian surface

(M,g)

,

f

an absolutely continuous function satisfying

f⩾f^{′} > 0

and a real parameter

α

, we deal with classical solutions of

\begin{cases}
−\mathrm{\Delta }_{g}u = f(u)−\alpha & \text{in }M, \\
\frac{\partial u}{\partial n} = 0 & \text{on }\partial M.
\end{cases}

We prove that any non-constant solution of the above problem satisfies

\int \limits_{M}f(u)⩾8\pi \inf \limits_{s \in (0,\mathrm{vol}(M))}\left\{\frac{I_{M}^{2}(s)}{I_{\mathbb{S}_{M}}^{2}(s)}\right\},

where

I_{M}

and

I_{\mathbb{S}_{M}}

denote respectively the isoperimetric profile of

M

and of the standard two-dimensional sphere having same measure than

M

(see Definition 2.1 below). This inequality is applied to derive new uniqueness results for mean field type equations. A similar result for linear problems is established and gives lower bounds for the first non-zero Neumann eigenvalue.

Résumé

Étant donnée une surface Riemannienne compacte connexe

(M,g)

,

f

une fonction absolument continue satisfaisant

f⩾f^{′} > 0

et un paramètre réel

α

, nous considérons les solutions classiques du problème de Neumann décrit ci-dessus. Nous prouvons que toute solution non-constante vérifie

\int \limits_{M}f(u)⩾8\pi \inf \limits_{s \in (0,\mathrm{vol}(M))}\left\{\frac{I_{M}^{2}(s)}{I_{\mathbb{S}_{M}}^{2}(s)}\right\},

où

I_{M}

et

I_{\mathbb{S}_{M}}

dénotent respectivement les profils isopérimétriques de

M

et de la sphère canonique bi-dimensionelle ayant même mesure que

M

. Cette inégalité est appliquée pour dériver de nouveaux résultats d'unicité pour des équations du type champs moyen. Un résultat similaire est établi pour des problèmes linéaires et permet de dériver diverses bornes inférieures sur la première valeure propre non-nulle.
On questions of decay and existence for the viscous Camassa–Holm equations
Authors: Schonbek Maria E. , Bjorland Clayton 
Published: November 2007

We consider the viscous

n

-dimensional Camassa–Holm equations, with

n = 2,3,4

in the whole space. We establish existence and regularity of the solutions and study the large time behavior of the solutions in several Sobolev spaces. We first show that if the data is only in

L^{2}

then the solution decays without a rate and that this is the best that can be expected for data in

L^{2}

. For solutions with data in

H^{m} \cap L^{1}

we obtain decay at an algebraic rate which is optimal in the sense that it coincides with the rate of the underlying linear part.

Résumé

On considère les équations visqueuses de Camassa–Holm dans

\mathbb{R}^{n}

,

n = 2,3,4

. Nous établissons l'existence et la régularité des solutions. Nous étudions le comportement asymptotique des solutions dans plusieurs espaces de Sobolev quand le temps tend vers l'infini. On montre que si la donnée est seulement dans

L^{2}

la solution décroît vers zéro, mais la décroissance ne peut être uniforme. Pour les solutions avec donnée dans

L^{1} \cap H^{m}

on obtient une décroissance algébrique avec une vitesse qui est optimale dans le sens où elle coïncïde avec les solutions correspondant à l'équation linéaire.
Microtubules spatial alterations in root cells of Brassica rapa under clinorotation
Authors: Kalinina Ia. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOrganization of tubulin cytoskeleton in epidermis and cortex cells in different root growth zones in Brassica rapa L. 6‐day‐old seedlings under clinorotation has been investigated. It was shown that changes in cortical microtubules orientation occur only in the distal elongation zone. In control, cortical microtubule arrays oriented transversely to the root long axis. Whereas under clinorotation an appearance of shorter randomly organized cortical microtubules was observed. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in a cell length in the central elongation zone under clinorotation was revealed. It is suggested that the decline of anisotropic growth, typical for central elongation zone cells, is connected with cortical microtubules disorientation under clinorotation.
Nuclear actin in plants
Authors: Cruz José R. , De La Torre Consuelo , de la Espina Susana Moreno Díaz 
Published: November 2007

AbstractActins constitute a wide family of proteins that are major components of the cytoskeleton. Animal cells have nuclear G‐actin forms that assemble into several nuclear macromolecular complexes and are substrates for myosin I β (NMI). The nuclear actin related proteins (ARPs) are part of the chromatin‐remodelling complex, while nuclear acting binding proteins (nABPs) comprise either nuclear forms of cytoplasmic ABPs (as NMI) or specific nABPs. No evidence of the presence of nuclear actin exists in plants, which lack orthologues of the main animal structural nABPs. Here we prove the presence of actin forms with different solubility, and their associated protein NMI in the plant nucleus, as components of the transcription complexes and the nucleoskeleton. For this, WB and confocal immunofluorescence with antibodies against human actin and NMI were used.
Cloning and expression of the tubulin genes in barley
Authors: Radchuk Volodymyr , Sreenivasulu Nese , Blume Yaroslav , Weschke Winfriede 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTubulins are encoded by small gene families in plants. Based on the barley EST collection, cDNAs for α‐, β‐, and γ‐tubulins were selected. Five genes for α‐tubulin, eight newly identified β‐tubulin sequences and one γ‐tubulin gene were found to be expressed in barley. In silico analysis of relative abundance of the distinct tubulin sequences among ESTs derived from different libraries revealed that the various tubulin genes differed in their level of expression, and to some extent were tissue specific.
Role of cytoskeleton in gravisensing of the root elongation zone in Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Authors: Shevchenko G. , Kalinina Ya. , Kordyum E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn order to reveal the involvement of tubulin microtubules and actin microfilaments in gravisensing reactions in the distal elongation zone of root, Arabidopsis thaliana plants stably transformed with MAP4‐GFP construct were grown under slow clinorotation. Experiments have shown that stabilization of cell growth in the distal elongation zone of Arabidopsis seedling root is provided by common structural organization of microtubules and microfilaments, and interrelations between microtubules and microfilaments is highly dependent upon the type of cell differential growth. Less pronounced effect of microfilament disruption on microtubule organization has been observed under clinorotation and it suggests the existence of complex mechanism of cooperation between microtubules and microfilaments which is probably, masked on earth.
Differential expression of two winter wheat alpha‐tubulin genes during cold acclimation
Authors: Christov Nikolai K. , Imai Ryozo , Blume Yaroslav 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOverwintering crops, such as winter wheat, display significant increase in freezing tolerance during a period of cold acclimation (CA). To gain better understanding of molecular mechanisms of CA, it is important to unravel functions and regulations of CA‐associated genes. Differential screening of a cDNA library constructed from cold‐acclimated crown tissue of winter wheat identified an alpha‐tubulin cDNA clone named wca18g11 that showed elevated expression upon cold acclimation. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the clone encoded a group 3 alpha‐tubulin. Reverse transcription real‐time PCR analysis of the expression of both wca18g11 clone and its closest paralogs of the wheat tubulin A‐2 homeologous group during the course of cold acclimation revealed that both genes were differentially regulated with distinct expression patterns. The involvement of the two alpha‐tubulin genes in cold acclimation and signal transduction is discussed.
Value of BNP to estimate cardiac risk in patients on cardioactive treatment in primary care
Authors: Nielsen O.W. , Cowburn P.J. , Sajadieh Ahmad , Morton J.J. , Dargie H. , McDonagh T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCardiac dysfunction may be suspected in patients with cardiovascular disease but identifying those with the highest risk is problematic. B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a strong marker of heart failure in un‐treated patients. This study evaluates a combined BNP and clinical algorithm for detecting cardiac dysfunction and the risk of death, in patients receiving cardioactive medication.Methods459 stable general practice patients, who were taking typical heart failure drugs for any indication, were included. Echocardiography, ECG, and assay of NT‐proANP and BNP (two methods) were performed. Regression models were used to identify items in a Risk Score to detect cardiac dysfunction.ResultsA Risk Score based on history of myocardial infarction (1 point), abnormal ECG (2 points), atrial fibrillation (1 point) and raised BNP (1–2 points) detected cardiac dysfunction with an AUC of ROC of 0.85. A Risk Score ≥2 had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 58%, and positive and negative predictive values of 37% and 96%. Risk Score and LVEF<0.36 also predicted mortality. Abnormal BNP defined as either > 100 pg/ml (Shionogi), or as age and sex related values, had similar predictive value.ConclusionIn patients on cardioactive medication, a structured Risk Score based on raised BNP, history of MI, atrial fibrillation and abnormal ECG was useful for identifying patients for immediate further examination and those who could be evaluated later.
Thyroid hormones states and brain development interactions
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , El‐Gareib A.W. , El‐bakry A.M. , Abd El‐Tawab S.M. , Ahmed R.G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe action of thyroid hormones (THs) in the brain is strictly regulated, since these hormones play a crucial role in the development and physiological functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Disorders of the thyroid gland are among the most common endocrine maladies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify in broad terms the interactions between thyroid hormone states or actions and brain development. THs regulate the neuronal cytoarchitecture, neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, and their receptors are widely distributed in the CNS. Any deficiency or increase of them (hypo‐ or hyperthyroidism) during these periods may result in an irreversible impairment, morphological and cytoarchitecture abnormalities, disorganization, maldevelopment and physical retardation. This includes abnormal neuronal proliferation, migration, decreased dendritic densities and dendritic arborizations. This drastic effect may be responsible for the loss of neurons vital functions and may lead, in turn, to the biochemical dysfunctions. This could explain the physiological and behavioral changes observed in the animals or human during thyroid dysfunction. It can be hypothesized that the sensitive to the thyroid hormones is not only remarked in the neonatal period but also prior to birth, and THs change during the development may lead to the brain damage if not corrected shortly after the birth. Thus, the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental abnormalities might be related to the thyroid hormones is plausible. Taken together, the alterations of neurotransmitters and disturbance in the GABA, adenosine and pro/antioxidant systems in CNS due to the thyroid dysfunction may retard the neurogenesis and CNS growth and the reverse is true. In general, THs disorder during early life may lead to distortions rather than synchronized shifts in the relative development of several central transmitter systems that leads to a multitude of irreversible morphological and biochemical abnormalities (pathophysiology). Thus, further studies need to be done to emphasize this concept.
Supply chain variability, organizational structure, and performance: The moderating effect of demand unpredictability
Authors: Germain Richard , Claycomb Cindy , Dröge Cornelia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSupply chain process variability is the level of inconsistency, or volatility, in the flow of goods into, through, and out of a firm. The research investigates the links among organizational structure (formalization and integration), supply chain process variability, and performance as moderated by environmental uncertainty. We found that in a predictable demand environment, only formal control affects supply chain process variability, leading to improved financial results; but in an unpredictable demand environment, only cross‐functional integration affects supply chain process variability, leading to improved financial performance. We also examined whether supply chain process variability is a complete or partial mediator of the relationship between organizational structure and performance, and found that: (1) in a predictable demand environment, supply chain process variability completely mediates the relationship between formal control and performance and (2) in an unpredictable demand environment, supply chain process variability partially mediates the relationship between integration and performance. Supply chain process variability has an inverse relationship with financial performance, regardless of the demand environment; and organizational structure provides managers with the mechanisms to mitigate this variability's detrimental impact on financial performance.
Neoproterozoic Chingasan Group in the Yenisei Ridge: new data on age and deposition environments
Authors: Nozhkin A.D. , Postnikov A.A. , Nagovitsin K.E. , Travin A.V. , Stanevich A.M. , Yudin D.S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Trachybasalt-alkali trachyte volcanism in the Yenisei Ridge was found out to be synchronous with deposition of coarse tilloids and flysch of the Chivida Formation of the Neoproterozoic Chingasan Group. New 703±4 Ma 40Ar/39Ar biotite and titan-augite ages of subalkaline basalts in the Chivida Formation indicated that they erupted in the Late Neoproterozoic. According to microfossil evidence, the Chingasan sediments correlate with Late Neoproterozoic strata in the type sections of the southern Siberian craton. The Chingasan deposition apparently lasted no longer than 30 Myr judging by the isotope ages obtained for the underlying Upper Vorogovka Group and subalkaline basalts in the Chivida Formation. The fault-parallel position of grabens and coarse grain sizes and variable thicknesses of their lithological complexes, as well as syndepositional trachybasalt-alkali trachyte volcanism provided evidence that the volcanosedimentary rocks of the Chingasan Group formed in an environment of active rifting.
Genesis of gold and silver sulfides at the Ulakhan deposit (northeastern Russia)
Authors: Savva N.E. , Pal’yanova G.A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Geology and mineralogy of the Ulakhan Au-Ag epithermal deposit (northeastern Russia, Magadan Region) are considered. A four-stage scheme of mineral formation sequence is proposed. Concentrations of Au and Ag in minerals of early and late parageneses were determined. It has been established that uytenbogaardtite is associated with native gold and hypergenesis stage minerals — goethite, hydrogoethite, or limonite replacing pyrite. The compositions of uytenbogaardtite (Ag3AuS2), acanthite (Ag2S), and native gold were studied. The composition of the Ulakhan uytenbogaardtite is compared with those of Au and Ag sulfides from other deposits. Thermodynamic calculations in the system H2O–Fe–Au–Ag–S–C–Na–Cl were carried out, which simulate the interaction of native gold and silver with O2- and CO2-saturated surface waters (carbonaceous, sulfide-carbonaceous, and chloride-sodium-carbonaceous) in the presence and absence of acanthite and pyrite at 25 °C and 1 bar. In closed pyrite-including systems, native silver and kustelite are replaced by acanthite; electrum, by uytenbogaardtite, acanthite, and pure gold; and native gold with a fineness of 700–900‰, by pure gold and uytenbogaardtite. Under the interaction with surface waters in the presence of Ag2S and pyrite, Au-Ag alloys form equilibrium assemblages with petrovskaite or uytenbogaardtite and pure gold. The calculation results confirmed that Au and Ag sulfides can form after native gold in systems involving sulfide-carbon dioxide solutions (H2Saq &gt; 10–4 m). The modeling results support the possible formation of uytenbogaardtite and petrovskaite with the participation of native gold in the hypergenesis zone of epithermal Au-Ag deposits during the oxidation of Au(Ag)-containing pyrite, acanthite, or other sulfides.
The character or the variation: the genetic analysis of the insecticide-resistance phenotype
Authors: McKenzie J.A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this critique it is argued that the genetic basis of the evolution of resistance is dependent on how the phenotypic, and underlying genotypic, variation is channelled during a selective response. A polygenic response is preferentially favoured if selection acts within the phenotypic distribution of susceptibles; a monogenic response is predicted if selection screens rare mutations with phenotypes outside that susceptible distribution. The relevance of this model to the method of genetic analysis, the prediction of resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides, the generation of resistant beneficial insects and the development of the most effective resistance and integrated pest management programmes is discussed.
The potential of Lagenaria rootstock to confer resistance to the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Cucurbitaceae
Authors: Edelstein M. , Tadmor Y. , Abo-Moch F. , Karchi Z. , Mansour F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAntibiosis and resistance of six Cucurbita and two Lagenaria accessions to the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, were evaluated in the laboratory. Significant differences among accessions were observed three days after the inoculation of detached leaf discs. The Lagenaria accessions, Slawi and Sus, proved to be the most resistant to mites, with average populations of mite eggs, 87 and 95%, respectively less than that of the susceptible C. pepoaccession, Orangetti. The Cucurbita accessions, Tace, Brava, Tetsukabuto, Phoenix and TZ-148 had mite egg totals 4, 9, 13, 26 and 40%, respectively, less than those of accession Orangetti. The Sus accession of Lagenaria was resistant to T. cinnabarinus from the four-leaf stage until fruit set in laboratory and field tests. Grafting the susceptible Brava onto Sus rootstock increased the resistance of the scion to the same level as that of non-grafted Sus. Grafting the susceptible Cucumis melo Noy Yizre’el on resistant or susceptible rootstocks of Cucurbita and Lagenaria accessions did not affect its susceptibility to T. cinnabarinus. The results indicate that resistance to T. cinnabarinuscan be transferred by grafting from Lagenaria stocks to Cucurbita scions but not in the opposite direction.