bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae among hospitalized patients in Cape Town, South Africa: molecular epidemiology and characterization
Authors: Marais Gert , Moodley Clinton , Claassen-Weitz Shantelle , Patel Fadheela , Prentice Elizabeth , Tootla Hafsah , Nyakutira Nyasha , Lennard Katie , Reddy Kessendri , Bamford Colleen , Niehaus Abraham , Whitelaw Andrew , Brink Adrian ,   Cape Town Antimicrobial Stewardship Study Alliance, Page Claudine , Schoeman Elizabeth , de Klerk Elizma , Lategan Karin , Pienaar Karlien , Henning Liezl , Du Plessis Mandy , Maseko Nomfundo , Nel Salome , Narainsamy Melenie , Vermeulen Michelle , du Toit Narissa , van Heerden Teresa , Sitharam Liza , Barendse Asa , Nagel Dane , Prince Jacqueline , Vass Letitia , Strauss Rileen , Fakier Rushana , Samuel Catherine , van Zyl Marelieze , Isaacs Leigh-Ann , Hendricks Shareefa , Dodd Amy , Daniels Reecka , Zemanay Widaad , Van Heerden Judi , Hapeela Nchimunya , Brown Parveen , Daniels Zubayr , Vasuthevan Sharon , Scott Enid , Ricks Esmeralda , Curle Patricia , Wojno Justyna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Cape Town remains largely unknown.

Objectives
This study aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology, resistome, virulome and mobilome of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) within Cape Town to guide therapy, antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control practices.

Methods
Eighty-five CRKP isolates from hospitalized patients underwent WGS as part of a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study, conducted between 1 November 2020 and 30 November 2022, across public-sector and private-sector hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa.

Results
MLST revealed three novel types, ST6785, ST6786 and ST6787, while the most common were ST219, ST307, ST17, ST13 and ST2497. Different predominant clones were noted in each hospital. The most common carbapenemase gene was blaOXA-48-like, detected in 71% of isolates, with blaNDM detected in 5%. Notably, co-detection of two carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM) occurred in 13% of isolates. The yersiniabactin siderophore was detected in 73% of isolates, and was most commonly associated with the ICEKp5 mobile element. All carbapenemases were located on plasmids. The genes blaOXA-181 and blaOXA-232 colocalized with a ColKP3 replicon type on assembled contigs in 83% and 100% of cases, respectively.

Conclusions
CRKP epidemiology in Cape Town reflects institutionally dominant, rather than regional, clones. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene was blaOXA-48-like, in keeping with CRKP epidemiology in South Africa in general. Emerging clones harbouring both blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM, such as ST17, ST2497 and the novel ST6787, are a concern due to the limited availability of appropriate antimicrobial agents in South Africa.
Effects of different supplemental levels of protease DE200 on the production performance, egg quality, and cecum microflora of laying hens
Authors: Cai Peiran , Liu Shiqi , Tu Yuang , Fu Dabo , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xixi , Zhou Ying , Shan Tizhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the protease DE200 on the performance, egg quality, organ index, and cecum microflora of Hy-line W36 laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 180 laying hens aged 300 d were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed diets containing 0, 100, or 200 g/t DE200. The experimental period was 8 wk, including 2 wk of prefeeding and 6 wk of the formal experiment. Regular feeding was performed thrice a day and eggs were collected twice daily, and the feed intake and the egg quality were recorded. The results showed that in terms of production performance, dietary supplementation with different levels of DE200 significantly increased egg production (EP; P &lt; 0.05) and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR; P &lt; 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; P &lt; 0.05) without affecting egg weight (EW). In addition, the addition of DE200 significantly reduced the egg breakage rate (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to increase the Haugh unit and decrease the water content of the yolk (P &gt; 0.05). In the cecal microflora, the addition of DE200 increased the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level while reducing the proportion of Fusobacteria. Furthermore, at the genus level, the addition of DE200 increased the proportions of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium and reduced the proportion of Megamonas. This study suggested that the protease DE200 can be used as a feed supplement to improve the production performance of laying hens.
Relative contributions of osteal macrophages and osteoclasts to postnatal bone development in CSF1R-deficient rats and phenotype rescue following wild-type bone marrow cell transfer
Authors: Batoon Lena , Keshvari Sahar , Irvine Katharine M , Ho Eileen , Caruso Melanie , Patkar Omkar L , Sehgal Anuj , Millard Susan M , Hume David A , Pettit Allison R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Macrophage and osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and survival are regulated by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling. Osteopetrosis associated with Csf1 and Csf1r mutations has been attributed to the loss of osteoclasts and deficiency in bone resorption. Here, we demonstrate that homozygous Csf1r mutation in rat leads to delayed postnatal skeletal ossification associated with substantial loss of osteal macrophages in addition to osteoclasts. Osteosclerosis and site-specific skeletal abnormalities were reversed by intraperitoneal transfer of wild-type bone marrow cells (bone marrow cell transfer, BMT) at weaning. Following BMT, IBA1+ macrophages were detected before TRAP+ osteoclasts at sites of ossification restoration. These observations extend evidence that osteal macrophages independently contribute to bone anabolism and are required for normal postnatal bone growth and morphogenesis.
Chlamydia psittaci infected cell studies by 4Pi Raman and atomic force microscopy
Authors: Khalenkow Dmitry , Tormo Alejandro Diaz , De Meyst Anne , Van Der Meeren Louis , Verduijn Joost , Rybarczyk Joanna , Vanrompay Daisy , Le Thomas Nicolas , Skirtach Andre G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is an avian bacterial pathogen that can cause atypical pneumonia in humans via zoonotic transmission. It is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that proliferates inside membrane bound inclusions in the cytoplasm of living eukaryotic cells. The study of such cells with C. psittaci inside without destroying them poses a significant challenge. We demonstrated in this work the utility of a combined multitool approach to analyze such complex samples. Atomic force microscopy was applied to obtain high-resolution images of the surface of infected cells upon entrance of bacteria. Atomic force microscopy scans revealed the morphological changes of the cell membrane of Chlamydia infected cells such as changes in roughness of cell membrane and the presence of micro vesicles. 4Pi Raman microscopy was used to image and probe the molecular composition of intracellular bacteria inside intact cells. Information about the structure of the inclusion produced by C. psittaci was obtained and it was found to have a similar molecular fingerprint as that of an intracellular lipid droplet but with less proteins and unsaturated lipids. The presented approach demonstrates complementarity of various microscopy-based approaches and might be useful for characterization of intracellular bacteria.
Pharmacist-led intervention to improve treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ihekoronye Maduabuchi Romanus , Osemene Kanayo Patrick , Oamen Theophilus Ehidiamen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Pharmacists’ contribution to medication therapy management in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is under-reported in Nigeria. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pharmacy-based intervention on knowledge, pharmacy refills, medication adherence, and glycemic control among patients with T2D.

Methods
A two-arm prospective, randomized, controlled trial among 309 T2D patients over 25 weeks duration was conducted in a tertiary hospital. The intervention group (n = 155) received weekly health education and follow-up sent as phone-based short message service (SMS), alongside standard care. Control group (n = 154) received only standard care. Primary (HbA1c reduction) and secondary (refill adherence, knowledge, and medication adherence) outcomes were assessed and compared in both groups at baseline and endline.

Key findings
Intervention improved glycemic control (HbA1c reduction) directly (t = 8.253, P &lt; .001) and indirectly through improved pharmacy refill adherence as 115 (76%) of the intervention group were refill adherent (Proportion of Days Covered [PDC] &gt; 80%). For controls, mean baseline and endline knowledge scores were 2.798 and 2.816, respectively (t = 1.19092, P &gt; .005), while the intervention group had 2.732 and 4.462, respectively (t = 9.76157, P &lt; .005) on a 5-point Likert scale. Baseline and endline adherence scores for control group were 3.41 and 3.50, respectively (t = 0.92477, P &gt; .05), while the intervention group had 3.35 and 6.72, respectively (t = 17.87981, P &lt; .05) on the 8-point Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).

Conclusion
Pharmacist-led intervention significantly improved medication refills, glycemic control, knowledge, and medication adherence. Pharmacists should exploit mobile telephony for health education and follow-up services to improve treatment outcomes in medication therapy management of T2D.
Stylometric analysis of French plays of the 17th century
Authors: Savoy Jacques 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The automatic assignment of a text to one or more predefined categories presents multiple applications. In this context, the current study focuses on author attribution in which the true author of a doubtful text must be identified. This analysis focuses on the style of sixty-six French comedies in verse written by seventeen supposed authors during the 17th century. The hypothesis we want to verify assumes that the real author is the name appearing on the cover (called the signature hypothesis). In order to validate the reliability of two attribution procedures, we used two additional corpora based on 200 extracts of novels written in French, with thirty authors and 140 Italian novels authored by forty persons. After this verification, we propose an improvement of the Delta method as well as a new analysis grid for this model. Finally, we applied these approaches to our French comedy corpus. The results demonstrate that the signature hypothesis must be discarded. Moreover, these works present similar styles, making any attribution difficult to support with a high degree of certainty.
Diffusion Bonding 321-Grade Stainless Steel: Failure and Multimodal Characterization
Authors: Lazar Isac , Knutsson Axel , Romero Hector Pous , Hektor Johan , Bushlya Volodymyr , Mikkelsen Anders , Lenrick Filip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vacuum diffusion-bonded printed circuit heat exchangers are an attractive choice for the high-temperature, high-pressure demands of next-generation energy applications. However, early reports show that the high-temperature materials desired for these applications suffer from poor bond strengths due to precipitation at the bond line, preventing grain boundary migration. In this study, a diffusion bond of the high-temperature stainless steel grade 321H is investigated, and poor mechanical properties are found to be caused by Ti(C, N) precipitation at the bond line. Through in situ studies, it is found that Ti diffuses from the bulk to the mating surfaces at high temperatures. The Ti subsequently precipitates and, for the first time, an interaction between Ti(C, N) and Al/Mg-oxide precipitates at the bond line is observed, where Ti(C, N) nucleates on the oxides forming a core-shell structure. The results indicate that small amounts of particular alloying elements can greatly impact diffusion bond quality, prompting further research into the microstructural evolution that occurs during bonding conditions.
A review of the injuries caused by occupational footwear
Authors: Pereira-Barriga M C , Borrero-Hernández J M , García-Iglesias J J , López-López D , Ruiz-Frutos C , Allande-Cussó R , Gómez-Salgado J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Occupational footwear is intended to provide protection against the risks associated with work activities. The choice of footwear is complex due to the welfare, health and safety conditions of workers.

Aims
To identify the injuries and problems caused by occupational footwear through a systematic review of the existing literature.

Methods
A literature search was carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Dialnet Plus, Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases over the period 2000–23, following the PRISMA Declaration guidelines.

Results
A total of 27 studies were included in the review. The results indicated that there is a wide variety of injuries caused by occupational footwear: from dermal injuries (e.g. calluses) and injuries to the nail apparatus to inflammatory pathologies such as plantar fasciitis or bursitis. In addition, inappropriate footwear can cause pain in the ankle and foot, knees, hips and lower back. Other results include the discomfort derived from the footwear itself.

Conclusions
Inappropriate footwear can cause injuries to the foot and other related bone structures. Further studies are needed on the detection of foot injuries caused by occupational footwear and the levels of action at this level to improve the worker’s health, the adaptability of the footwear to the wearer, and the worker’s comfort and adherence to the footwear.
Quantifying the Cost of Shigella Diarrhea in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study
Authors: Morozoff Chloe , Ahmed Naveed , Chinkhumba Jobiba , Islam Md Taufiqul , Jallow Abdoulie F , Ogwel Billy , Zegarra Paredes Loyda Fiorella , Sanogo Doh , Atlas Hannah E , Badji Henry , Bar-Zeev Naor , Conteh Bakary , Güimack Fajardo Mario , Feutz Erika , Haidara Fadima C , Karim Mehrab , Mamby Keita Adama , Keita Youssouf , Khanam Farhana , Kosek Margaret N , Kotloff Karen L , Maguire Rebecca , Mbutuka Ishmail S , Ndalama Maureen , Ochieng John Benjamin , Okello Collins , Omore Richard , Perez Garcia Karin F , Qamar Farah Naz , Qudrat-E-Khuda Syed , Qureshi Sonia , Rajib Md Nazmul Hasan , Shapiama Lopez Wagner Valentino , Sultana Shazia , Witte Desiree , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Awuor Alex O , Cunliffe Nigel A , Jahangir Hossain M , Paredes Olortegui Maribel , Tapia Milagritos D , Zaman K , Means Arianna Rubin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Comparative costs of public health interventions provide valuable data for decision making. However, the availability of comprehensive and context-specific costs is often limited. The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study—a facility-based diarrhea surveillance study across 7 countries—aims to generate evidence on health system and household costs associated with medically attended Shigella diarrhea in children.

Methods
EFGH working groups comprising representatives from each country (Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Pakistan, Peru, and The Gambia) developed the study methods. Over a 24-month surveillance period, facility-based surveys will collect data on resource use for the medical treatment of an estimated 9800 children aged 6–35 months with diarrhea. Through these surveys, we will describe and quantify medical resources used in the treatment of diarrhea (eg, medication, supplies, and provider salaries), nonmedical resources (eg, travel costs to the facility), and the amount of caregiver time lost from work to care for their sick child. To assign costs to each identified resource, we will use a combination of caregiver interviews, national medical price lists, and databases from the World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization. Our primary outcome will be the estimated cost per inpatient and outpatient episode of medically attended Shigella diarrhea treatment across countries, levels of care, and illness severity. We will conduct sensitivity and scenario analysis to determine how unit costs vary across scenarios.

Conclusions
Results from this study will contribute to the existing body of literature on diarrhea costing and inform future policy decisions related to investments in preventive strategies for Shigella.
Exploring Natural Immune Responses to Shigella Exposure Using Multiplex Bead Assays on Dried Blood Spots in High-Burden Countries: Protocol From a Multisite Diarrhea Surveillance Study
Authors: Benedicto-Matambo Prisca , Avolio Lindsay N , Badji Henry , Batool Rabab , Khanam Farhana , Munga Stephen , Tapia Milagritos D , Peñataro Yori Pablo , Awuor Alex O , Ceesay Bubacarr E , Cornick Jennifer , Cunliffe Nigel A , Garcia Bardales Paul F , Heaney Christopher D , Hotwani Aneeta , Ireen Mahzabeen , Taufiqul Islam Md , Jallow Ousman , Kaminski Robert W , Shapiama Lopez Wagner V , Maiden Victor , Ikumapayi Usman Nurudeen , Nyirenda Ruth , Ochieng John Benjamin , Omore Richard , Paredes Olortegui Maribel , Pavlinac Patricia B , Pisanic Nora , Qadri Firdausi , Qureshi Sonia , Rahman Nazia , Rogawski McQuade Elizabeth T , Schiaffino Francesca , Secka Ousman , Sonye Catherine , Sultana Shazia , Timite Drissa , Traore Awa , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan Md , Jahangir Hossain M , Jere Khuzwayo C , Kosek Margaret N , Kotloff Karen L , Qamar Farah Naz , Sow Samba O , Platts-Mills James A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Molecular diagnostics on human fecal samples have identified a larger burden of shigellosis than previously appreciated by culture. Evidence of fold changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) to conserved and type-specific Shigella antigens could be used to validate the molecular assignment of type-specific Shigella as the etiology of acute diarrhea and support polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based microbiologic end points for vaccine trials.

Methods
We will test dried blood spots collected at enrollment and 4 weeks later using bead-based immunoassays for IgG to invasion plasmid antigen B and type-specific lipopolysaccharide O-antigen for Shigella flexneri 1b, 2a, 3a, and 6 and Shigella sonnei in Shigella-positive cases and age-, site-, and season-matched test-negative controls from all sites in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study. Fold antibody responses will be compared between culture-positive, culture-negative but PCR-attributable, and PCR-positive but not attributable cases and test-negative controls. Age- and site-specific seroprevalence distributions will be identified, and the association between baseline antibodies and Shigella attribution will be estimated.

Conclusions
The integration of these assays into the EFGH study will help support PCR-based attribution of acute diarrhea to type-specific Shigella, describe the baseline seroprevalence of conserved and type-specific Shigella antibodies, and support correlates of protection for immunity to Shigella diarrhea. These insights can help support the development and evaluation of Shigella vaccine candidates.
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Kenya
Authors: Omore Richard , Awuor Alex O , Ogwel Billy , Okonji Caleb , Sonye Catherine , Oreso Caren , Akelo Victor , Amollo Manase , Ogudi Isaiah , Anyango Raphael O , Audi Marjorie , Apondi Evans , Riziki Laura , Ambila Lilian , Dilruba Nasrin , Muok Erick , Munga Stephen , Ochieng John B , Kotloff Karen L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Although Shigella is an important cause of diarrhea in Kenyan children, robust research platforms capable of conducting incidence-based Shigella estimates and eventual Shigella-targeted clinical trials are needed to improve Shigella-related outcomes in children. Here, we describe characteristics of a disease surveillance platform whose goal is to support incidence and consequences of Shigella diarrhea as part of multicounty surveillance aimed at preparing sites and assembling expertise for future Shigella vaccine trials.

Methods
We mobilized our preexisting expertise in shigellosis, vaccinology, and diarrheal disease epidemiology, which we combined with our experience conducting population-based sampling, clinical trials with high (97%–98%) retention rates, and healthcare utilization surveys. We leveraged our established demographic surveillance system (DSS), our network of healthcare centers serving the DSS, and our laboratory facilities with staff experienced in performing microbiologic and molecular diagnostics to identify enteric infections. We joined these resources with an international network of sites with similar capabilities and infrastructure to form a cohesive scientific network, designated Enterics for Global Health (EFGH), with the aim of expanding and updating our knowledge of the epidemiology and adverse consequences of shigellosis and enriching local research and career development priorities.

Conclusions
Shigella surveillance data from this platform could help inform Shigella vaccine trials.
Genesis of Fe–Ti Oxide-Bearing Ultramafic Intrusions in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA
Authors: Kleinsasser Jackie M , Simon Adam C , Peterson Dean , Kattemalavadi Amartya , Goan Ian R , Keller Tobias , Hudak George J , Koshurba Kaitlin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Duluth Complex is a large mafic intrusive system located in northeastern Minnesota emplaced as part of the 1.1-Ga Midcontinent Rift. Several Fe–Ti oxide-bearing ultramafic intrusions are hosted along the Western Margin of the Duluth Complex, and are discordant bodies present in a variety of geometries, hosted in multiple rock types, and dominated by peridotite, pyroxenite, and semi-massive to massive Fe–Ti oxide rock types. Their origin has been debated, and here we present geochemical evidence and modeling that supports a purely magmatic origin for the Titac and Longnose Fe–Ti oxide-bearing ultramafic intrusions. Ilmenite and titanomagnetite textures indicate a protracted cooling process, and δ34S values of sulfides reveal little assimilation of the footwall Virginia Formation, a fine-grained pelitic unit that contains sulfide-rich bands. We model the crystallization of a hypothetical parental magma composition to the host intrusion of Longnose using Rhyolite-MELTS and demonstrate that the accumulation of Fe–Ti oxides in the discordant intrusions cannot be explained by density-driven segregation of crystallized Fe–Ti oxides. Instead, we show that the development of silicate liquid immiscibility, occurring by the unmixing of the silicate melt into conjugate Si- and Fe-rich melts, can result in the effective segregation and transportation of the Fe-rich melt. The Fe-rich melt is ~2 orders of magnitude less viscous than the Si-rich melt, allowing the Fe-rich melt to be more effectively segregated and transported in the mush regime (crystallinities &gt;50%). This suggests that viscosity, in addition to density, plays a significant role in forming the discordant Fe–Ti oxide-bearing ultramafic intrusions. We propose a genetic model that could also be responsible for the Fe–Ti oxide-rich layers or bands that are hosted within the igneous stratigraphy of mafic intrusions of the Duluth Complex.