bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ongoing activation of p53 pathway responses is a long‐term consequence of radiation exposure in vivo and associates with altered macrophage activities
Authors: Coates PJ , Robinson JI , Lorimore SA , Wright EG 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe major adverse consequences of radiation exposure, including the initiation of leukaemia and other malignancies, are generally attributed to effects in the cell nucleus at the time of irradiation. However, genomic damage as a longer term consequence of radiation exposure has more recently been demonstrated due to untargeted radiation effects including delayed chromosomal instability and bystander effects. These processes, mainly studied in vitro, are characterized by un‐irradiated cells demonstrating effects as though they themselves had been irradiated and have been associated with altered oxidative processes. To investigate the potential for these untargeted effects of radiation to produce delayed damaging events in vivo, we studied a well‐characterized model of radiation‐induced acute myeloid leukaemia in CBA/Ca mice. Haemopoietic tissues of irradiated CBA/Ca mice exhibit enhanced levels of p53 stabilization, increased levels of p21waf1, and increased amounts of apoptosis, as expected, in the first few hours post‐irradiation, but also at much later times: weeks and months after the initial exposure. Because these responses are seen in cells that were not themselves directly irradiated but are the descendants of irradiated cells, the data are consistent with an initial radiation exposure leading to persistently increased levels of ongoing DNA damage, analogous to radiation‐induced chromosomal instability. To investigate the potential source of ongoing oxidative processes, we show increased levels of 3‐nitrotyrosine, a marker of damaging nitrogen/oxygen species in macrophages. Not all animals show increased oxidative activity or p53 responses as long‐term consequences of irradiation, but increased levels of p53, p21, and apoptosis are directly correlated with increased 3‐nitrotyrosine in individual mice post‐irradiation. The data implicate persistent activation of inflammatory‐type responses in irradiated tissues as a contributory bystander mechanism for causing delayed DNA damage. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miRNA analysis in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: proliferation centres characterized by low miR‐150 and high BIC/miR‐155 expression
Authors: Wang M , Tan LP , Dijkstra MK , van Lom K , Robertus J‐L , Harms G , Blokzijl T , Kooistra K , van t'Veer MB , Rosati S , Visser L , Jongen‐Lavrencic M , Kluin PM , van den Berg A 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeveral miRNAs have been reported to be associated with immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) mutation and ZAP‐70 expression status in blood samples of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (B‐CLL/SLL). In the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, proliferation centres (PCs) represent an important site of activation and proliferation of the neoplastic cells, suggesting that these tissues better reflect the biology of CLL than circulating blood cells. We collected 33 lymph nodes and 37 blood CLL samples and analysed IgH mutation status and ZAP‐70 expression status. Expression of 15 miRNAs was analysed by qRT‐PCR and RNA‐ISH. Sixty‐three per cent of the lymph node cases contained mutated IgH genes and 49% of the lymph node cases were ZAP‐70‐positive, and a significant correlation was observed between ZAP‐70 expression and IgH mutation status. Of the blood CLL samples, 49% contained mutated IgH sequences. The miRNA expression pattern in CLL lymph node and blood samples was very similar. Three of 15 miRNAs (miR‐16, miR‐21, and miR‐150) showed a high expression level in both blood and lymph node samples. No difference was observed between ZAP‐70‐positive or ‐negative and between IgH‐mutated or unmutated cases. No correlation was found between miR‐15a and miR‐16 expression levels and 13q14 deletion in the blood CLL samples. RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) revealed strong homogeneous staining of miR‐150 in the tumour cells outside the PCs. In reverse BIC/pri‐miR‐155 expression was observed mainly in individual cells including prolymphocytes of the PCs. This reciprocal pattern likely reflects the different functions and targets of miR‐150 and miR‐155. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systems‐based approach to implementing a pain management agreement system in primary care
Authors: Pipas Catherine Florio , Hardman Rulon L , Powell Kenton E , Jackson Gillian C , Engstrom Bjorn I , Driscoll Pamela R , Pike Tracy L , Reed Virginia A 
Published: January 2008

AbstractManaging chronic non‐malignant pain is a common and difficult issue for primary care physicians who seek to provide appropriate pain management while minimizing the potential for drug abuse. One promising approach is the use of opioid agreements or contracts with patients being treated with opioids for chronic pain. Despite the increasingly common use of such agreements, little has been written about their development and use in primary care settings. This article describes the initial implementation of a pain management agreement system in a primary care setting that reflects a systems‐based approach to practice development. Lessons learned and plans for future studies of outcomes are described. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global nutritional recommendations: a combination of evidence and food availability?
Authors: Kapur K , Dunning T 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDiet and exercise are vital diabetes management strategies. Health professionals (HPs) use dietary guidelines to advise their clients but the current macronutrient recommendation in the guidelines varies.The aim of this study was to explore the similarities and differences in macronutrient dietary advice in different parts of the world and suggest some reasons for any differences identified.The study was undertaken in two phases: (1) a one‐shot cross‐sectional survey of HPs and global diabetes organisations using self‐completed, anonymous questionnaires (n=40), and (2) a review of dietary guidelines from relevant diabetes associations (the American Diabetes Association [ADA], the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group [DNSG] of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD], the Canadian Diabetes Association [CDA], the Joslin Diabetes Center, Diabetes UK, and the Indian Council of Medical Research [ICMR]).Dietary recommendations differed among countries and from the guidelines, and reflected socioeconomic factors and local food availability. With regard to macronutrient recommendations, carbohydrate ranged from 40–70%, protein 12–20% and fat 15–40% of total energy intake. Nations with higher gross domestic product (GDP) based on purchasing‐power‐parity (PPP) per capita tended to recommend a much lower ratio of carbohydrate than those with lower GDP PPP per capita. However, all guidelines stressed the importance of healthy eating.It was concluded that socioeconomic factors and local food availability appear to influence HPs' dietary recommendations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Proteomics profiling of hepatic mitochondria in heterozygous Sod2+/− mice, an animal model of discreet mitochondrial oxidative stress
Authors: Lee Yie Hou , Boelsterli Urs A. , Lin Qingsong , Chung Maxey C. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe heterozygous superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene knockout (Sod2+/−) mouse model has been increasingly used in cardiovascular and age research, neurobiology, and pharmacology/toxicology. These mutant mice exhibit mild oxidant stress in mitochondria but remain clinically inconspicuous. Although the Sod2+/− mouse has been characterized with respect to mitochondrial function and transcript expression of certain individual genes, the effects of the singular loss of the Sod2 allele on the global expression of hepatic mitochondrial proteins remains unknown. We therefore performed a differential analysis of the hepatic mitochondrial proteome from Sod2+/− mice and wild‐type mice in order to identify the consequences of partial Sod2 deletion. Using 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled with MALDI‐MS/MS, we found approximately 1500 protein spots, of which 57 were differentially expressed (≥1.5‐fold change). Both SOD 1 and 2 were downregulated, but other antioxidant enzymes and related proteins were upregulated (<two‐fold). The data indicate that heterozygous Sod2+/− mice exhibit a mild mitochondrial oxidative stress which is partly compensated by the antioxidant defense system linked to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, urea cycle, β‐oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The results of this study are compatible with our hypothesis that the Sod2+/− mouse is a suitable animal model for studying clinically silent mitochondrial abnormalities.
Specific interactions for ab initio folding of protein terminal regions with secondary structures
Authors: Yang Yuedong , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProteins fold into unique three‐dimensional structures by specific, orientation‐dependent interactions between amino acid residues. Here, we extract orientation‐dependent interactions from protein structures by treating each polar atom as a dipole with a direction. The resulting statistical energy function successfully refolds 13 out of 16 fully unfolded secondary‐structure terminal regions of 10–23 amino acid residues in 15 small proteins. Dissecting the orientation‐dependent energy function reveals that the orientation preference between hydrogen‐bonded atoms is not enough to account for the structural specificity of proteins. The result has significant implications on the theoretical and experimental searches for specific interactions involved in protein folding and molecular recognition between proteins and other biologically active molecules. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of an amyloidogenic sequence attached to yellow fluorescent protein
Authors: Hamada Daizo , Tsumoto Kouhei , Sawara Makoto , Tanaka Naoki , Nakahira Kumiko , Shiraki Kentaro , Yanagihara Itaru 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) is often misfolded into nonfluorescent states when an aggregatable sequence is attached to its N‐terminus. However, GFP fusions with highly aggregatable, prion‐determining, and highly charged sequences from yeast prions, such as Sup35 and Ure2p, form green fibrils with properly folded GFP. To gain further insight into the general effect of an aggregatable sequence attached to fluorescent protein, we designed eight fusion proteins of a yellow variant of GFP (YFP) containing an aggregation‐prone amyloidogenic sequence derived from human medin, attached via different lengths of linker sequence. Seven fusion proteins formed white fibrils lacking native YFP function. However, the fusion with an 18‐residue medin sequence and a 50 amino acid linker formed fibrils with yellow color of folded YFP. Deconvolution analysis of infrared spectra also supports the presence of properly folded YFP in the fibrils formed by this protein. These results suggest that, the presence of an amyloidogenic sequence to a folded protein can promote the formation of fibrils and disrupt the native structures whereas the structure of the folded region is retained by optimizing sequences of amyloidogenic and linker regions. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of induced folding: Both folding before binding and binding before folding can be realized in staphylococcal nuclease mutants
Authors: Onitsuka Masayoshi , Kamikubo Hironari , Yamazaki Yoichi , Kataoka Mikio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA considerable number of functional proteins are unstructured under physiological condition. These “intrinsically disordered” proteins exhibit induced folding when they bind their targets. The induced folding comprises two elementary processes: folding and binding. Two mechanisms are possible for the induced folding: either folding before binding or binding before folding. We found that these two mechanisms can be distinguished by the target‐concentration dependence of folding kinetics. We also created two types of mutants of staphylococcal nuclease showing the different inhibitor‐concentration dependence of induced folding kinetics. One mutant obeys the scheme of binding before folding, while the other the folding before binding. This is the first experimental evidence demonstrating that both mechanisms are realized for a single protein. Binding before folding is possible, when the protein lacks essential nonlocal interaction to stabilize the native conformation. The results cast light on the protein folding mechanism involved in the intrinsically disordered proteins. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model for cross‐plane thermal conductivity of layered quantum semiconductor structures and application for thermal modeling of GaInAs/AlInAs‐based quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Le Khai Q. , Kim Sangin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretical model for the cross‐plane thermal conductivity of layered quantum semiconductor structures is presented. This model is used to evaluate the cross‐plane thermal conductivity of the active region in GaInAs/AlInAs‐based quantum cascade (QC) lasers. We take into account the temperature dependent thermal conductivity of the layers. By including their interface thermal resistance and scattering processes via the multilayer quantum structure, we predict a decrease by an order of magnitude of the lattice thermal conductivity of the active region in GaInAs/AlInAs‐based QC lasers. We computed that the cross‐plane thermal conductivity of a InGaAs/AlInAs‐based QC laser active region at low temperature from 80 K to 130 K is in the range of 0.5–0.7 W/(m K), whilst the average experimental value obtained by Lops et al. [13] is 0.6 W/(m K). In addition, using the result as input, we present a numerical investigation into the facet temperature profile in this laser during continuous‐wave operation using a finite‐element method. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Systematic review on the safety of Harpagophytum preparations for osteoarthritic and Low back pain
Authors: Vlachojannis J. , Roufogalis B. D. , Chrubasik S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHarpagophytum products are a treatment option for osteoarthritic and low back pain. The aim of this study was to review the safety of treatment with Harpagophytum procumbens.The databases OVID(MEDLINE), PUBMED and COCHRANE COLLABORATION LIBRARY were searched back to 1985 for studies with Harpagophytum procumbens.Twenty‐eight clinical trials were identified of which 20 stated adverse events. In none of the double‐blind studies was the incidence of adverse events during treatment with Harpagophytum procumbens higher than during placebo treatment. Minor adverse events occurred in around 3% of the patients, mainly gastrointestinal adverse events. A few reports of acute toxicity were found but there were no reports on chronic toxicity.Since the dosage used in most of the studies is at the lower limit and since long‐term treatment with Harpagophytum products is advisable, more safety data are urgently needed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractionation and metabolic turnover of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in black fly larvae
Authors: Overmyer Jay P. , MacNeil M. Aaron , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDiet‐tissue fractionation factors and metabolic turnover rates of δ15N and δ13C were assessed in laboratory‐reared black fly (Simulium vittatum IS‐7) larvae fed isotopically distinct diets. Five treatments consisted of using food with different δ15N signatures throughout the experiments (19–26 days), a sixth shifted from a low to high δ15N signature diet (uptake) on day 14, and the last shifted from a high to low δ15N signature diet (elimination) on day 14. In the larvae, diet‐tissue fractionation factors for δ13C, which were in steady state with food, ranged from −0.61 to 2.0, with a median of 1.87. The δ15N diet‐tissue fractionation factors were mostly negative, ranging from +2.85 to −24.96‰, with a single positive value from the elimination treatment in which larval δ15N did not achieve steady state with the food. Diet‐tissue fractionation factors also had a significant negative relationship (r2 = 0.98) with δ15N values in the food suggesting that nitrogen diet‐tissue fractionation factors are 15N concentration‐dependent. The δ15N of shed head capsules and feces were enriched in 15N and could be mechanisms for elimination of 15N by the larvae. For δ15N, metabolic turnover values based on the Hesslein model were highly consistent (0.40 to 0.43 δ15N*day−1) between uptake and elimination phases and across experiments and were an order of magnitude greater than growth rates. The rapid turnover of nitrogen in black fly larvae, which was orders of magnitude greater than measured in vertebrates, makes them an excellent indicator of short‐term changes in nitrogen inputs to aquatic systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of PK11195 on attenuating the enhancement of glucose utilization induced by quinolinic acid infusion in the rat brain
Authors: Amitani Misato , Ohashi Akihiro , Hatazawa Jun , Gee Antony , Inoue Osamu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPK11195, a selective PBR ligand, has been reported to exert a protective effect against the neuronal damage induced by the intrastriatal infusion of quinolinic acid, an excitatory amino acid. The neuroprotective effect of PK11195 observed at 48 h after the infusion was mediated by the inhibition of microglial activation. The aim of this study is to search the mechanism for the effect of PK11195 other than the inhibition of activation of microglia. In this study, the effect of PK11195 on glucose metabolism as well as neuroprotection in the early phase (2 h) after the injection of quinolinic acid was examined. Intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (60 nmol/μL) alone caused a significant enhancement of [14C]DG utilization in the infused striatum (about 160% vs. the contralateral side). This enhancement of glucose utilization might be due to an increase in phosphorylation rate of [14C]DG rather than delivery process from the plasma into the brain, since the initial uptake of [14C]DG (1 min) was not changed by quinolinic acid. Coinjection of PK11195 (10 nmol/μL) completely blocked the enhancement of [14C]DG uptake induced by quinolinic acid. The attenuating effect of PK11195 on glucose metabolic disturbance induced by quinolinic acid seemed to be related to voltage‐dependent anion channels (VDAC), which are component of the PBR complex and associated with the regulation of hexokinase activity. PK11195 also showed neuroprotective effect at 2 h after the infusion of quinolinic acid, despite no significant activation of microglia was observed at this time‐point. Thus, the neuroprotection of PK11195 might be related to normalization of the metabolic disturbance by the excitatory amino acid. Synapse 62:253–258, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex EPSCs evoked in substantia nigra reticulata neurons are disrupted by repetitive stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Shen Ke‐Zhong , Johnson Steven W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough substantia nigra reticulata (SNR) neurons fire bursts of action potentials during normal movement, excessive burst firing correlates with symptoms of Parkinson's disease. A major excitatory output from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to the SNR is thought to provide the synaptic impetus for burst firing in SNR neurons. Using patch pipettes to record from SNR neurons in rat brain slices, we found that a single electrical stimulus delivered to the STN evokes a burst of action potentials. Under voltage‐clamp conditions, STN stimulation evokes a complex EPSC that is comprised of an initial monosynaptic EPSC followed by a series of late EPSCs superimposed on a long‐lasting inward current. Using varied stimulation frequencies, we found that the initial EPSC was significantly reduced or abolished after 2 s of 50–100 Hz STN stimulation. However, only 4 s of 1 Hz stimulation was required to abolish the late component of the complex EPSC. We suggest that differential effects of repetitive STN stimulation on early and late components of complex EPSCs may help explain the frequency‐dependent effects of deep brain stimulation of the STN that is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Synapse 62:237–242, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of thickness and composition of thin films by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry using theoretical influence coefficient algorithms
Authors: Sitko Rafał 
Published: February 2008

AbstractX‐ray fluorescence radiation intensity from analyte in thin film is a complex function of matrix composition and film thickness. Nevertheless, the complicated problem of matrix correction in XRF analysis of these materials can be simply solved by using the concept of theoretical influence coefficients. In this article, two algorithms based on the previous published equation for intermediate‐thickness samples are proposed. In the first algorithm, the coefficients are treated as constants; in the second one, the coefficients are linear functions of sample thickness and concentration of all matrix elements. The coefficients are calculated from composition and relative radiation intensity (calculated from theory) of hypothetical pure element films and binary films. The calculations are presented in detail on Fe‐Cr‐Ni ternary films as an example. The capability of the algorithms is demonstrated with hypothetical Fe‐Cr‐Ni ternary systems and binaries Fe‐Cr, Fe‐Ni and Cr‐Ni of thickness from 0.01 to 2 mg cm−2. Diverse compositions of these specimens are in the range 5–95% (m/m) of each element. The algorithms are also verified using experimental data of Fe‐Ni binary system films and Cu films taken from literature. Obtained results indicate the usefulness of the proposed algorithms for simultaneous and accurate determination of the chemical composition and thickness of thin film materials. Moreover, the calibration procedure is very clear and interpretation of the data is easy for the analyst, which is a serious advantage of the proposed algorithms over fundamental parameters methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Strange Story of the Bosnian Genocide Case
Authors: DIMITRIJEVIĆ VOJIN , MILANOVIĆ MARKO 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe article explores the political context of the Bosnian Genocide case recently decided by the International Court of Justice. It strives to show that an appreciation of the larger disputes within Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia is necessary for understanding the Court's judgment properly, particularly when it comes to the litigation strategies of the two parties which shaped the final outcome of the case, and, above all, for understanding how the judgment was perceived by the general public of the former Yugoslavia.
Strategic Defection from Strong Candidates in the 2004 Taiwanese Legislative Election
Authors: BATTO NATHAN F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSNTV engenders incentives to vote strategically not only against probable losers but also against candidates seen as possible runaway winners. This paper uses survey and election data from the 2004 Taiwanese legislative election to argue that excessive strategic voting against the strongest candidates was at the root of coordination failures. Further, I argue that strong personal votes play a role in mitigating these failures by constructing a stable foundation of votes that is not subject to the wild swings produced by strategic voting.