bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Supply and Tissue Growth in vitro
Authors: FISCHER ALBERT , FOGH BØRGE , JENSEN. AAGE BOHUS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. A determination was made of the oxygen tension which is necessary if the mass of the whole tissue culture is to be supplied with just enough oxygen to satisfy the normal demand of the cells.2. On the basis of the knowledge of the oxygen consumption of a culture and the amount of oxygen which is available at the beginning of the cultivation it is possible to demonstrate that enough oxygen must be present to satisfy the supply for all parts of the culture.3. It is apparent that the influence of the oxygen tension cannot be responsible for the very large difference observed in the rate at which the cells degenerate in the closely packed central part and in the marginal zone. Nor does it seem possible that low oxygen tension in the central tissue fragment can account for the discontinuation of the mitotic division activity in the central part of the culture.
Gefässerweiternde Stoffe des Harns und Renin1
Authors: WOLLHEIM ERNST 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung.

Das Hypertensinogen, der ≫Renin‐Aktivator≫, ist in der gleichen Pseudoglobulin‐Fraktion des Serums enthalten, wie der ≫Inaktivator≫ des thermostabilen gefässerweiternden Stoffes aus Harn, des Depressans.
Der Zusatz von Renin zu einem Inkubierungsansatz von Depressan und Serum‐Globulin hemmt die Inaktivierung von Depressan nicht. Dagegen verhindert der Zusatz von Depressan zu dem Inkubierungsansatz von Renin und Serum‐Globulin die Bildung von Hypertensin (= Angiotonin), was an der fehlenden Blutdruck‐ und Darmwirkung des Reaktionsproduktes demonstriert wird.
Die für diesen Effekt minimal notwendigen Mengen Depressan sind ungefähr die, die maximal von den gleichen Mengen Serum‐Globulin unter den selben Bedingungen total inaktiviert werden.
Der thermolabile gefässerweiternde Stoff aus Harn, Kallikrein, verhindert die Bildung von Hypertensin nicht.
Einige Konsequenzen dieser Einwirkung des Depressans auf die Hypertensinbildung werden diskutiert.
Peroxidation of Body Fat in Vitamin E Deflciency
Authors: DAM HENRIK , GRANADOS HUMBERTO 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

Chicks fed vitamin E deficient diets containing 5 per cent cod liver oil developed peroxides in the adipose tissue during the period in which the known symptoms of exudation, and particularly brown coloration of the same tissue occurred. The relation between the peroxidation and the symptoms is discussed.
Subcutaneous injection of 0.3 ml of cod liver oil with a peroxide value of 16 to chicks receiving a normal diet, resulted in very marked peroxidation at the site of injection accompanied by a progressive deposition of yellow to brown fibrous material. This local peroxidation was not prevented by the incorporation of 2.4 mg of free natural alpha‐tocopherols in the injected oil.
Rats reared on vitamin E deficient diets containing 20 per cent cod liver oil from weaning developed peroxides in the adipose tissue preceding the visible yellow‐brown coloration which appeared first in the paraepididymal fat, then in the intraperitoneal, and finally in the subcutaneous fat. When females together with their offspring were given the same diet from the time of delivery, the symptoms in the young developed earlier than in weanling rats and were more marked.
The yellow‐brown color of the adipose tissue is due to two substances, one of which is extractable with fat solvents, while the other, which occurs in larger quantity, is soluble in dilute alkali. A further, preliminary, characterization of this latter substance is given.
Vitamin E has no influence on the lowering of hemoglobin caused by feeding high cod liver oil diets to young rats.
Spectral Absorption of Bilirubin. Messurements in Pure Aqueous Solutions and in Solutions Containing Human Serum
Authors: WITH TORBEN K. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Spectral absorption curves of aqueous bilirubin solutions with and without the addition of serum are given. Readings in the Pulfrich photometer showed good agreement with the spectrographic measurements. Solutions containing serum showed a maximum at 455 mμ, pure solutions at 420 mμ. The formation of a bilirubin‐serum albumin compound is the cause of the change in the spectral absorption. Values for E1%1cm are given.
The Diazo Reaction of Bilirubin. Measurements in Pure Aqueous Solutions and in Solutions containing Human Serum
Authors: WITH TORBEN K. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The values of E1%1 cm, at the spectral maximum (filters of the Pulfrich photometer) are given for the diazo reaction after caffeine and alcohol‐activator at strongly acid, neutral and strongly alkaline reaction. The values for solutions containing serum and pure aqueous solutions differ as the former are about 10 per cent higher than the latter. The higher values after the addition of serum are ascribed to the formation of the compound bilirubin‐serum albumin. The proportion between the extinctions of the diazo reaction at its spectral maximum and the spectral absorption at the maximum of the yellow color showed almost the same value for bilirubin‐serum albumin solutions prepared from ten different sera.The velocity of the diazo reaction is definitely higher for caffeine than for alcohol (Figure 1). By determining the time curve for the caffeine reaction with 2/5 and 1/20 volume caffeine reagent it was made clear that the action of caffeine cannot be an ordinary catalysis.Measurements of the alcohol and caffeine reactions in identical solutions showed definitely higher extinctions for the caffeine reaction than for the alcohol reaction. This difference between the two reactions is probably due to the formation of different reaction products, but this could not be finally proved.
The Effect of the Active Thyroid Substance on Metabolism and Other Functions in Guinea Pigs
Authors: KROGH MARIE , LINDBERG ANNA‐LOUISE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Different preparations of dried thyroid from normal mammals and human beings and from cases of simple goitre have the same metabolic effect when given by mouth in equivalent daily doses based on the iodine content to mature male guinea pigs, accustomed to the metabolism determinations under standard conditions, while in exophthalmic goitre the iodine of the gland becomes less active.A partly purified product, elityran, also shows the same effect, while pure thyroxin, even when given subcutaneously is definitely less active. No difference was observed between the activities of thyroxin when given by mouth or subcutaneously.The metabolic effect of α‐dinitrophenol given by mouth reaches a maximum in about an hour and falls again rapidly while that of thyroid preparations takes two days to develop and by administration each day reaches a more or less constant level, maintained throughout the period of administration.Administration of iodine or di‐iodotyrosine reduces the metabolism raised by every day injections of thyreo‐stimulating hormone (artificial “Basedow”) and causes a regression of the histological and cytological “Basedow” symptoms in the thyroid gland, but has no effect on the hyperthyroidism brought about by feeding thyroid preparations.Refractoriness to the thyreo‐stimulating hormone was not observed in our case.The quantitative relation between dose and metabolic effect of dried thyroid preparations was studied on 44 animals. On 9 of these no well defined metabolic level could be obtained. The 35 animals showed a fairly regular relationship. The average resting metabolism of the guinea pigs was 100.1 ± 3.4 ml O2/m2/min. The increases were for 0.15 mg J/m2/day 17 ml O2/m2/min., for 0.25–29.0, 0.50–35.7 and 10.00–50.4. This corresponds to an approximately straight line relation between log dose and the absolute rise in metabolism.
On the Mcthylation of Guanidine Acetic Acid in the Animal Body
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is shown by in vitro experiments that muscle and liver tissue from the rat are capable of catalyzing the methylation of guan‐idino acetic acid to creatine, the methyl groups being furnished by methionine. Some simple properties of the enzyme system in question are established.
On the Action of some Adrenaline‐like Substances on the Respiration of Suprarenal Tissue
Authors: STEENS GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is shown that ephedrine, ‐phenyl‐isopropyl aminc and veritol cause a very marked increase in oxygen uptake of suprarenal medulla tissue. The possible explanations of the phenomenon are discussed.
Studies on the Functional Sphincter in the Cervix Uteri
Authors: FUCHS HANS , WESTMAN AXEL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In 46 cases carbon dioxide was insufflated during laparotomy into the uterine cavity through a narrow cannula passed through the uterine wall with the point projecting into the cavity. The experiments confirmed the observation made earlier by WESTMAN of a functional sphincter in the uterine cervix. When the cervix is patent the insufflated gas passes freely out into the vagina. In most of the cases the sphincter was closed and the passage through the cervical canal was blocked. Under the given experimental conditions a characteristic rhythm will be observed in the muscles of the cervix. This rhythm does not change in any typical manner during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The biologic significance of the cervical sphincter is discussed.
A Method for Direct Measurement of the Aortic Pressure in the Dog1(During Work on a Treadmill.)
Authors: SKOUBY ARNE P. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.An apparatus is described allowing photographic recording of absolute arterial pressures and rapid pressure variations in dogs even during movement.Aortic pressure curves from normal animals are compared with those obtained shortly after narcosis and operation.Two experiments are presented in which the pressures were recorded during light muscular work and in the transition from work to rest.The author wishes to thank F. BUCHTHAL, M. D., for advice and encouragement in the course of this work.
Some Effects of Acetylcholine, Eserine and Prostigmine when Injected into the Hypothalamus.
Authors: EMMELIN NILS , JACOBSOHN DORA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

A method for injection of drugs into the hypothalamus and the third ventricle is devised.
Acetylcholine injected into hypothalamic regions has similar actions on the respiration and intestinal motility as those observed by other workers from electrical stimulation of definite hypothalamic regions.
Escrine and prostigmine injected intraventricularly cause apnoea, inhibition of the motility and tone of the gut and bladder, and some other effects which are similar to those described by other observers in electrical stimulation of hypothalamic regions.
It is suggested that acetylcholine, eserine and prostigmine excite hypothalamic cells, which constitute a sympathetic centre at this level.
Microdetermination of Calcium in Saliva and Serum.
Authors: SCHMIDT‐NIELSEN BODIL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A method for determination of calcium in about 0.3 ml serum or 1.0 ml saliva (0.02 to 0.05 mig of calcium) is reported. The principle is the same as that indicated by SOBEL and SKLERSKY, but the procedure is somewhat different. The duration of the procedure has been shortened and the accuracy has been increased by the introduction of a number of improvements.The principle is: The calcium is precipitated as oxalate. The oxalate is converted by ignition to carbonate, dissolved in a hot solution of 10 per cent boric acid, and titrated with a 1/10 n hydrochloric acid to the pH of the pure boric acid.When 24 samples are treated together the procedure requires 3 hours up to and including the precipitation and 3 hours more for the final treatment and the titrations. The percentage error of the single determination is about 0.7 for 0.05 mg of calcium.
The Phosphorylation of Glucose in Liver Extracts.
Authors: KJERULF‐JENSEN JINGE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.By means of phosphorylation experiments with liver extracts from cats, rabbits and rats it was found that as far as cat liver extract is concerned, incubation with glucose – in contrast to the other animals – caused only an insignificant assimilation of phosphate. This agrees with LUNDSGAARD, NIELSEN and ØRSKOV'S demonstration that artificially perfused cat liver does not assimilate glucose from the perfusion blood.The experiments also indicated that the inability of cat liver tissue to phosphorylize glucose is caused by a lack of the phosphorylizing enzymes that act specifically on glucose.
Studies on the Action of the Thiamin Destroying Fish Factor
Authors: ÄGREN GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Thiamin and free cocarboxylase interact with reducing substances such as glutathione, cysteine and vitamin C. In the reaction the vitamin B1 is changed into a compound or compounds which cannot be determined with the colorimetric method of MELNICK and FIELD. The compound is probably not identical with LIPMANN'S reduced vitamin. The activity of the fish enzyme which destroys thiamin is partly inactivated by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the cold, or with dialysis, and the activity can be restored subsequently by the addition of glutathione.
The Potentiating Effect of Neostigmine and Escrine on the Action of Morphine as Measured by the Straub‐Herrmann Reaction.1
Authors: WRAMNER THURE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. Neostigmine potentiates the effect of morphine in the Straub‐Herrmann reaction.2. Eserine potentiates the effect of morphine in the Straub‐Herrmann reaction.3. Atropine annuls the potentiating effect of neostigmine and eserine.4. The findings are in agreement with the theory that morphine partly acts through a cholinergic mechanism.
An Apparatus for Automatic Measurement with Improved Accuracy of Weak Radio‐Activities by the Geiger‐Müller Counter.
Authors: ZERAHN K. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.An apparatus is described purporting to increase the accuracy in measurements of weak radioactivities by the Geiger‐Müller counter. This is important because the background count often varies a great deal more than can be accounted for by the statistical uncertainty. To avoid the effect of this variation preparation and zero count are measured alternately at short intervals. This is performed automatically by the apparatus described.
Ultrafiltration as a Method of Preparing Blood Plasma for Quantitative Estimation of Histamine.
Authors: EMMELIN NILS G. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Ultrafiltration of plasma from guinea‐pig, rabbit or rat gives a solution, the histamine content of which can be estimated directly on isolated guinea‐pig ileum. Compared with the usual chemical extraction this method is simpler and takes less time. It is also less drastic. Histamine obtained by this method must have been present in plasma in a free state or as a very labile compound.
The Piperidine Output in Urine During Muscular Work
Authors: v. EULER U. S. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The piperidine output in urine at rest was found to be from 0.3‐0.5 mg per hour (sleep) to 0.5–0.8 mg per hour at day‐time rest in healthy young males.In connection with moderate or hard work the piperidine excretion in urine was greatly augmented. Average figures exceeding 6 mg per hour were obtained.
Determination of Inulin in Urine and Plasma
Authors: KRUHØFFER P. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A colorimetric method for the determination of inulin in plasma and urine is presented.It rests on the measurement of the yellow colour (absorption measurement at 4,500 Å) developed by heating inulin at 100° for 60 min. with resorcin in a solution containing ethyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. This marks a real end point in the colour development process; the resulting colour compound is very stable and, contrary to the blue diphenylamine colour, it shows no disposition to precipitate.The recovery percentages of inulin after protein precipitation and fermentation procedures have been determined. Further the blank values of plasma and urine.Two procedures — one with and another without fermentation — are elaborated.
On the Synthesis of Creatine in the Animal Body
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The paper describes the results obtained on applying the method of BENEDICT‐BEHRE‐LANGLEY‐EVANS‐LEHNARTZ for the quantitative determination of creatinine to the problem of the methylation of guanidine acetic acid in the animal body. It is found that muscle and liver tissue from the rat are capable of catalysing the methylation of guanidine acetic acid to creatine, the methyl groups being furnished by methionine. The results thus corroborate those of a previous paper.
Aerobic Recovery after Anaerobiosis in Rest and Work
Authors: ASMUSSEN ERLING 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The efficiency of the oxidative recovery after anaerobiosis has been studied. The anaerobic conditions studied were those prevailing in the legs when the circulation is cut off by means of pneumatic cuffs round the thighs, and the partly anaerobic conditions occurring in the initial stages of work.It was found that both in rest and in work the oxygen repayment after the circulation to the occluded legs has been restored is considerably in excess of the oxygen debt contracted during the occlusion. The efficiency of work in which the energy is produced anaerobically with a subsequent aerobic recovery is therefore low; judging from these experiments only 40–70 pCt of the efficiency of aerobic work.It is concluded from this that the anaerobic phases –at least the formation of lactic acid – in the after‐contraction metabolism of muscle is shunted out during aerobic work, the oxydation energy being utilized more directly in recharging the contractile mechanism. In this way the loss in efficiency of about 50 pCt which a delayed aerobic recovery involves is avoided. There is no discrepancy between the values of efficiency found in experiments on frog's muscles and on human subjects.In agreement with this it is found that the excess oxygen taken up after cessation of a work in which a steady state could be reached, is slightly greater than the oxygen deficit contracted at the start of the work. A consequence of this is that the efficiency as computed from the total oxygen uptake of work and recovery, is lower than the efficiency calculated from the steady state values, and further that the efficiency of a short spell of work is slightly lower than the efficiency of work of longer duration.It must be expected that very severe work, which is performed mainly anaerobically with a subsequent aerobic recovery, has a low efficiency.
Efferent Impulses in the Splanchnic Nerve
Authors: GERNANDT B. , LILJESTRAND G. , ZOTTERMAN Y. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Efferent impulses were observed in the splanchnic nerve of the cat, sometimes continuous, sometimes synchronous with respiration or with the heart beats.During asphyxia the amplitude of the impulses increased greatly. If artificial respiration was resumed, the electric activity quickly diminished and for a while nearly disappeared. Oxygen want led to an increase in the potentials, and pure oxygen to a decrease. Both these effects disappeared after the elimination of the buffer nerves. Accumulation of carbon dioxide caused greater activity in the nerve before as well as after section of the sinus and vagodepressor nerves.Bleeding, or the injection of acetylcholine, led to a remarkable increase in the potentials, whereas adrenaline gave rise to a diminution or even the disappearance of the impulses. After denervation of the sinus and aorta mechanisms, the effect of adrenaline was very small at normal blood pressure but fairly great at low level.Section of the sinus and vagodepressor nerves greatly increased the electric activity of the splanchnic nerve.The results are interpreted as being due to reflex influence from the chemo‐ and pressoreceptors of the sinus‐ and aorta mechanisms and to a central effect from carbon dioxide accumulation.
A Note on the Biogenesis of Choline and Crentine
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is found that methionine sulphoxide is capable of acting as methyl donator in the methylation of ethanol amine to choline and of guanidine acetic acid to creatine. The conclusions of this and of a previous paper are corroborated by application of different methods for the determination of choline and creatine.
The Splanchnic Efferent Outflow of Impulses in the Light of Ergotamine Action
Authors: GERNANDT BO , ZOTTERMAN YNGVE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.For an analysis of the action of ergotamine upon the arterial blood pressure of the cat we have recorded the action potentials from efferent fibres of the splanchnic nerve.When ergotamine is given in a moderate dose of 0.05 mg per kg body weight, asphyxiation or the inhalation of air rich in carbon dioxide produces a fall instead of the usual rise in blood pressure. The electric response, however, differs from that to ergotamine only in that the response now starts earlier and is more accentuated.After a pithing of the brain and the medulla oblongata the efferent outflow in the splanchnic nerve reacts to asphyxiation and carbon dioxide in a way very similar to the reaction in the intact cat, but the response is more rapid and more pronounced than in the intact animal. Ergotamine does notproduce any change whatever in the splanchnic efferent outflow in the spinal cat.This shows that inhibitory influences upon the spinal vaso‐motor centres are exerted from higher centres, which influence is abolished by ergotamine even in moderate doses, as has been shown by ROTHLIN, WRIGHT and EULER and SCHMITERLÖW.When giving increasing doses of ergotamine it was found that the effect of faradic stimulation of the peripheral end of the splanchnic nerve, which normally causes a rapid rise in the blood pressure, became more and more delayed and depressed, until after large doses the effect was reversed. At his stage the adrenaline effect was also reversed.These observations have been discussed in the light of the prevailing theories on the nature of peripheral sympathetic effect.It was found that the simplest explanation would be to assume that the sympathetic nerve activity leads to a peripheral liberation of adrenaline. The phenomena observed under ergotamine may, however, be equally well understood by assuming that the constrictor excitation is mediated by sympathin E. In such case we may assume that the vasodilation produced by direct stimulation of the splanchnic nerve is due either to the action of antidromic afferent impulses or to the liberation of sympathin I in fibres running to the intestinal walls, or to a combination of both these influences. Thus even in this scheme the supposition of specific sympathetic vaso‐dilator fibres in the splanchnic nerve of the cat does not seem to be necessary.
On the Effect of Some Pigments and Redox Systems on the Respiration of Animal Tissue
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Certain naphthoquinones, phenazine derivatives and anthocyans have been subjected to respiration experiments with the BARCROFT‐WARBURG technique, using kidney, liver and testis tissue and yeast cells. Some of the results can be fitted into our present picture of these processes, but certain findings appear to be somewhat at variance with those of previous workers in this field.