bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability-Specific Learning Opportunities for Qualified Exercise Professionals to Build Competencies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Walters Alexandra J. , Tomasone Jennifer R. , Ma Jasmin K. , Chittenden Michele , Leo Jennifer , Weston Zachary , Wolfe Dalton L. , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. 
Published: February 2025

Many qualified exercise professionals (QEPs) lack adequate training about exercise for persons with disabilities (PWDs), leaving them without the required abilities to provide PWDs with quality exercise experiences. Little is known about disability-specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes delivered in learning opportunities for QEPs. We aimed to identify (a) what content is delivered and (b) what modes are used to deliver disability-specific learning opportunities for QEPs. Peer-reviewed and gray literature searches, advanced Google searches, and expert consultations were undertaken. Twenty-five learning opportunities were identified. Most content focused on knowledge provision, with few opportunities for QEPs to develop skills and appropriate attitudes. Almost all content was delivered through passive learning methods, with little reported inclusion of PWDs in content development. It is essential to rethink QEP curriculum content and delivery about PWDs. This study provides valuable insight regarding the current limitations and areas for improvement concerning disability-specific learning opportunities available to QEPs.
Synthesis of 4-Substituted 3-Nitrophenyl Carbonyl Compounds from Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Kazantsev D. A. , Denisov A. A. , Pestov A. V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 4-R-3-nitrophenyl carbonyl compounds via tandem oxidation–nitration of benzyl alcohols. The proposed one-pot procedure makes it possible to obtain the target products in good yields under mild conditions using stable commercially available reagents. The major requirement to the substrate structure is the presence of a mesomeric donor substituent at the para position with respect to the hydroxymethyl group.
Adolescent and parental views on weight and weight management: a qualitative study
Authors: Little Melissa , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo examine the views of adolescents with excess weight and parents of adolescents with excess weight towards weight and weight management.DesignA qualitative study design using semi-structured phone interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to interpret the data.SettingsParents and adolescents based in the UK and recruited through schools, social media and youth centres.ParticipantsTen parents and 16 adolescents, including four linked parent-child dyads.ResultsBoth parents and adolescents reported that adolescents felt societal pressure to achieve an ‘ideal body’ and that this pressure was the primary motivator for weight loss. All interviewed parents perceived themselves as overweight; however, those who had minimal weight-based shame were more likely to normalise weight discussions, reducing weight shame in their children. Adolescents preferred parents to display healthy behaviours rather than initiate weight-based discussions; however, they wanted to feel supported if the conversations were self-initiated.ConclusionWeight is a sensitive issue in intergenerational relationships, primarily driven by feelings of shame. Adolescents feel supported by a ‘show not tell’ approach from parents, which is more likely in families with less shame. While guidelines encourage clinicians to initiate weight-related conversations, this may not be welcomed by adolescents, although they do want confidence that they could access weight management support if they choose to seek help.
Cohort profile: the Viral load Cohort North-East Lesotho (VICONEL) from 2016 to 2023 – cohort description, test volumes, predictors of viraemia and the road ahead
Authors: Brown Jennifer Anne , Motaboli Lipontso , Lerotholi Malebanye , Kohler Maurus , Haenggi Kathrin , Mokete Moliehi , Chakela Makobefo Gladys , Kao Mpho , Kopo Mathebe , Mokebe Moleboheng , Urda Lorena , Nsakala Bienvenu Lengo , Lukau Blaise , Ayakaka Irene , Amstutz Alain , Ehmer Jochen , Klicpera Anna , Klimkait Thomas , Glass Tracy , Muhairwe Josephine , Chammartin Frédérique , Tschumi Nadine , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe prospective Viral load Cohort North-East Lesotho (VICONEL) aims to support clinical management and generate scientific evidence to inform HIV care. Specifically, VICONEL allows for the monitoring of HIV treatment outcomes and health system performance, encompasses a biobank for further research with routinely collected blood plasma samples of consenting participants and provides a valuable framework for nested observational and interventional studies.ParticipantsVICONEL captures routine viral load test results alongside associated demographic and treatment information among people in care for HIV in Lesotho, southern Africa. As of December 2023, it encompasses all viral load testing from 24 healthcare facilities in two districts of Lesotho.Findings to dateFrom January 2016 to December 2023, 137 660 viral load test results were available for 29 380 participants. At the time of the last viral load test, median age was 42 years (IQR: 33–53); 18 511 (63%) were adult women, 10 029 (34%) adult men and 835 (3%) children <15 years (age/sex missing for 5) and median time taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 6.4 years (IQR 3.2–9.9). Overall, the proportion of cohort participants with viral suppression to <1000 copies/mL has continually exceeded 90% and has been above 95% since 2020; however, this proportion has consistently been lower among children. Sex, age category/ART regimen core agent (combined variable), time since ART initiation and district were independently associated with viraemia.Future plansVICONEL offers potential for (1) further digitalisation and automation of results sharing at the client, facility and district/national level, (2) integration of additional clinical and diagnostic data, including comorbidities and drug resistance and (3) embedding randomised trials.
The Impact of frailty on the effectiveness of intensive blood pressure control for patients with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wenjie Li , Wang Zhiyan , Li Mingxiao , Jiang Chao , Hua Chang , Tang Yangyang , Zhang Hao , Liu Xinru , Zheng Shiyue , Guo Hang , Zhao Manlin , Wang Yu Feng , Gao Mingyang , Lv Qiang , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Chang-Sheng , Du Xin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundFrailty is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. It is uncertain whether frailty modifies the efficacy of intensive blood pressure (BP) control among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).MethodsThe Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure (ACCORD BP) trial, a two-by-two factorial trial, examined the effects of systolic BP (<120 vs <140 mm Hg) and glycaemic control on cardiovascular events in T2DM. We constructed a frailty index using the Rockwood cumulative deficit approach. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effectiveness of intensive BP treatment according to frailty status. The primary composite outcome was non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or death from cardiovascular causes.ResultsThere were 4733 participants (mean age: 62.7 years; 39.9% frailty). The mean average number of antihypertensive medications was higher in frail patients compared with non-frail patients in both the standard (2.2 vs 1.7) and intensive (3.1 vs 2.7) treatment groups. In the standard glycaemic arm, intensive BP treatment reduced the risk of the primary outcome (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.97) regardless of frailty status (p value for interaction=0.86). The benefits of intensive BP intervention were consistent across the spectrum of the frailty index (p value for interaction=0.96) in the standard glycaemic arm. However, no benefits of intensive BP treatment (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.43) were observed in the intensive glycaemic arm.ConclusionsIn the ACCORD BP study, the benefit of intensive BP treatment was consistent regardless of frailty in the setting of standard glycaemic control. Frailty should not be a barrier to intensive BP control in patients with T2DM treated with guideline-recommended standard glycaemic control.
Pulse pressure and aortic valve peak velocity and incident heart failure after myocardial infarction: a cohort study
Authors: Wu Yuzhong , Zhao Jingjing , Chen Chen , Huang Jiale , Liang Weihao , Li Jiayong , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen , Xue Ruicong 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a recognised outcome in patients with myocardial infarction, although heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is more common. Identifying early indicators specific to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with myocardial infarction could support targeted preventive strategies. This study aimed to determine if pulse pressure and aortic valve peak velocity could serve as early predictors of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with myocardial infarction.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 5188 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were free from heart failure at baseline, including 802 individuals with a history of myocardial infarction. Heart failure events were classified as either heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%) or heart failure with mildly reduced or reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%). Competing risk regression models were used to examine associations of baseline pulse pressure and aortic valve peak velocity with heart failure subtypes.ResultsOver 6 years of follow-up, 217 cases of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (including 50 in patients with myocardial infarction) and 127 cases of heart failure with mildly reduced or reduced ejection fraction (33 in patients with myocardial infarction) were identified. Among patients with myocardial infarction, a 1-SD increase in pulse pressure was associated with a 1.60-fold higher risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (95% CI 1.30 to 1.97), and a similar association was observed for aortic valve peak velocity (HR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.58). Patients with pulse pressure ≥68 mm Hg had a 3.83-fold higher risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with those with lower pulse pressure, and those with aortic valve peak velocity ≥1.4 m/s had a 2.10-fold higher risk compared with those with lower values. Patients with myocardial infarction with two or more risk factors among elevated pulse pressure, aortic valve peak velocity, diabetes and atrial fibrillation had over 16 times the risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with those without these risk factors (p<0.001).ConclusionsPulse pressure and aortic valve peak velocity are significant predictors of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with myocardial infarction, suggesting their potential value in early risk stratification. These findings support the use of these markers to guide timely interventions aimed at preventing the progression to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Dysglycaemia and incident aortic stenosis: a cohort study
Authors: Lind Viktor , Lundman Pia , Friberg Leif , Talbäck Mats , Hammar Niklas , Walldius Göran , Ding Mozhu , Norhammar Anna 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAortic stenosis is a degenerative condition with high mortality in its severe stages and no preventive treatment. While diabetes is a known risk factor, the role of elevated glucose levels below the diabetic threshold in the development of aortic stenosis remains unclear. This study investigated the association between dysglycaemia, including impaired fasting glucose, and the incidence of aortic stenosis.MethodsThis study included 324 449 participants from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk cohort (1985–1996) who were free of aortic valve disease at baseline and had fasting glucose and lipid levels recorded. Participants were followed for incident aortic stenosis through the National Patient and Cause of Death Registers until 31 December 2020. Fasting glucose was categorised into low (<3.9 mmol/L), normal (3.9–6.0 mmol/L), impaired fasting glucose (6.1–6.9 mmol/L), high glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L) and diabetes. HRs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustments for age, sex, lipids, socioeconomic status, hypertension and kidney disease.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 25.9 years, 8523 participants developed aortic stenosis. Compared with normal glucose levels, adjusted HRs were 0.96 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.13) for low glucose, 1.36 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.50) for impaired fasting glucose, 1.79 (95% CI 1.60 to 1.99) for high glucose and 2.21 (95% CI 1.80 to 2.73) for diabetes. Spline analysis indicated a continuous increase in risk with rising glucose levels, even below the impaired fasting glucose threshold.ConclusionsDysglycaemia, including glucose levels below the diabetic range, is associated with a higher risk of aortic stenosis.
Reinforcing cancer immunotherapy with engineered porous hollow mycobacterium tuberculosis loaded with tumor neoantigens
Authors: Chen Ming-Hui , Jiang Jie , Chen Hengyu , Wu Ri-Hong , Xie Weijing , Dai Shu-Zhen , Zheng Wu-Ping , Tan Guang-Hong , Huang Feng-Ying 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundEnhancing antigen cross-presentation is essential for the development of a tumor neoantigen vaccine. One approach is to stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to uptake neoantigens.Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTb) contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by APCs and adhesion molecules that facilitate MTb invasion of APCs. Therefore, we suggest using MTb as a carrier to enhance APC phagocytosis of neoantigens, thereby promoting antigen cross-presentation.MethodsThe successful preparation of the MTb carrier (phMTb) was confirmed through electron and confocal microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect PAMPs and adhesion molecules on phMTb as well as to observe its role in aiding dendritic cells (DCs) in antigen uptake into endosomes or lysosomes. Flow cytometry was used to assess the retention of PAMPs and adhesion molecules on phMTb, investigate antigen uptake by DCs, evaluate their activation and maturation status, examine the presentation of tumor neoantigens, and analyze immune cells in draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. The efficacy of phMTb vaccine formulations in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody therapy was assessed using the MC38 mouse tumor models. Adverse effects were evaluated through H&E staining of major organs, assessment of reproductive capability and detection of biochemical indices.ResultsThe engineered porous hollow phMTb carrier successfully encapsulated model tumor neoantigens, with or without the adjuvant CpG. The phMTb retained PAMPs and adhesion molecules on its surface, similar to the parental MTb, thereby enhancing DC uptake of phMTb and its formulations containing tumor neoantigens and CpG. Vaccines formulated with phMTb facilitated DC maturation, activation, cross-presentation of tumor neoantigens, and promoted migration of phMTb-laden DCs to lymph nodes, enhancing effector and memory CD8+T lymphocyte function. In murine tumor models, immunization with phMTb-formulated neoantigen vaccines elicited a robust tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response with minimal adverse effects. Additionally, vaccination with phMTb-formulated neoantigen vaccines effectively reversed the tumor’s immune-suppressive microenvironment. Concurrent administration of the PD-1 antibody with the phMTb-formulated neoantigen vaccine exhibited significant synergistic therapeutic effects.ConclusionsThe results of our study highlight the potential clinical translation of personalized tumor neoantigen vaccines using the phMTb carrier.
Diagnosing conflict in clerkship: insights from medical students’ experiences
Authors: Barry Erin S , L’Huillier Joseph C , White Bobbie Ann Adair 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionConflict is an inevitable part of clinical training and often arises from differences in opinions or misunderstandings. Most studies around healthcare conflict focus on perspectives of physicians and nurses, overlooking medical students’ unique perspectives. This study explores medical students’ experiences with conflicts during clerkship, examining types, triggers, and conflict management styles.MethodsAn educational session introduced medical students to conflict types, conflict management modes, and triggers. A total of 167 students wrote reflections about conflicts experienced or observed during their rotations. Both quantitative and qualitative elements were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsConflicts most frequently occurred during surgery (n=49, 32.9%) and internal medicine (n=41, 27.5%) rotations, often involving residents (n=110, 44.7%) and attendings (n=55, 22.4%). Task-related conflicts were most common (n=113, 53.8%), with students primarily using an avoiding (n=91, 60.3%) mode, while others were perceived as using a competing (n=122, 65.2%) mode. Most conflicts were reported as being handled poorly (n=107, 64.8%). Students described five main conflict triggers: (1) conflicts stemming from unclear expectations; (2) hostile or false communication as a conflict driver; (3) unsafe environments reinforced by hierarchy and power; (4) mistrust in team relationships and (5) resident stress impacting student experiences.DiscussionIdentifying conflict characteristics from a student perspective can guide curricular improvements to better prepare students for clerkships and professional practice. Awareness of conflict management styles, types and triggers enables proactive conflict resolution, fostering growth or constructive outcomes. Findings emphasise the importance of setting clear expectations, maintaining effective communication, building psychologically safe environments, reducing stress and establishing trust between students and residents. Based on medical students’ reflections, these patterns may extend to other health professions, offering a broader relevance for training and research in conflict management across clinical settings.
Study on the electromagnetic properties of the $$[sc] [{\bar{q}} {\bar{b}}]$$ and $$[sc] [{\bar{s}} {\bar{b}}]$$ states with $$J^P = 1^+$$
Authors: Özdem Ulaş 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A systematic study of the electromagnetic properties of exotic states is conducted to elucidate their nature, which continues to be the subject of controversy and incomplete understanding in the field. In this study, the magnetic dipole and quadrupole moments of the tetraquarks

$$[sc] [{\bar{q}} {\bar{b}}]$$

[
s
c
]
[

q

¯

b

¯

]

and

$$[sc] [{\bar{s}} {\bar{b}}]$$

[
s
c
]
[

s

¯

b

¯

]

with

$$J^P = 1^+$$

J
P

=

1
+

are extracted in the context of a compact diquark-antidiquark configuration with the help of the QCD light-cone rules method. The magnetic dipole moments are given as

$$\mu _{[sc] [{\bar{u}} {\bar{b}}]} = -2.12^{+0.74}_{-0.59} \mu _N$$

μ

[
s
c
]
[

u

¯

b

¯

]

=
-
2
.

12

-
0.59

+
0.74

μ
N

,

$$\mu _{[sc] [{\bar{d}} {\bar{b}}]} = 1.66^{+0.60}_{-0.46} \mu _N$$

μ

[
s
c
]
[

d

¯

b

¯

]

=
1
.

66

-
0.46

+
0.60

μ
N

, and

$$\mu _{[sc] [{\bar{s}} {\bar{b}}]} = 2.01^{+0.61}_{-0.50} \mu _N$$

μ

[
s
c
]
[

s

¯

b

¯

]

=
2
.

01

-
0.50

+
0.61

μ
N

. The order of magnitude of the magnetic dipole moments would suggest that these outcomes may be achievable in forthcoming experiments. The magnetic and quadrupole moments of hadrons represent another important observable, along with their mass and decay width, contributing to our understanding of the underlying quark structure and dynamics. Therefore, we hope that the results of this study will prove useful in theoretical and experimental investigations, which we anticipate will be an interesting research topic.
A Pilot Project to Create Awareness of Clinical Research Funding Streams Among Nurses and Allied Health Professionals in England
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Bhuvaneswari , Rosson Lyndsey , Rajai Azita , Heaslip Vanessa , Iles-Smith Heather , Magboo Rosalie , Taylor Marcus , Rathinam Sridhar 
Published: February 2025

Background: A culturally diverse research workforce benefits patients, the community and the population as patients see health and care professionals who are like them and can build trusting relationships. From our experience, ethnic minority group nurses are less likely to attend research‐related workshops and have significantly less awareness about clinical research funding and career pathways. This pilot project aimed to create awareness of clinical research terminology, methods and funding streams among ethnic minorities cardiothoracic nurses and allied health professionals (NAHPs) across specific geographical locations in England.Methods: Participants were invited using social media platforms to attend a research masterclass at various locations across England and 211 were registered but 92 attended. They were also invited to complete a pre‐ and postworkshop questionnaire to determine their understanding of the topics being taught during the masterclass. Data were collected and then compared before and after the masterclass.Results: A total of 63 out of 92 participants completed the workshop evaluation. There were 88% female and 11% male participants, aged 18 to 60+ years with different educational backgrounds. The participant’s pre‐ and postresearch theory and skills knowledge demonstrated some significant changes after attending the Masterclass on understanding research terminologies (p < 0.001), how study aims, and objectives determine the study methodology (p < 0.001) and the difference between qualitative and quantitative research (p = 0.012). We also asked about the overall experience (98% said 10 out of 10), structure of the workshop (98% said 9 out of 10), venue, food and drinks (95% said 8 out of 10), communication/organisation (98% said 10 out of 10) and relevance of the workshops (100% said 10 out 10).Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that raising awareness about research careers, local/national funding opportunities and research masterclasses can improve NAHPs awareness of opportunities to gain skills and confidence in leading their own research to answer pertinent clinical and care questions related to their practice and ultimately improve patient care. In addition, this study identifies the gap in clinical research and funding among clinical staff, which is crucial for advancing evidence‐based practice. Encouraging clinical healthcare staff to engage in clinical research will help foster an evidence‐based culture.