bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'orientation scolaire et professionnelle en Belgique
Authors: Cotton Paul 
Published: April 2024

Educational and vocational guidance is organized under the educational system and vocational training. An information concerning the labour market and social conditions offers the opportunity for the reader to understand the link between both fundamental under systems of the society.
The author proves the necessity of an increased professionnalism of the personnal of guidance.
He promotes a european open model of partnership as a new approach of guidance.
Crédit formation individualisé et évaluation
Authors: Francequin-Chartier Ginette 
Published: April 2024

Cet article brosse rapidement l'évolution des mesures prises en direction des jeunes 16-25 ans pour traiter le chômage depuis les quinze dernières années : aides financières, alternance, «pédagogie de la réussite».
Depuis 1989, le crédit-formation individualisé avec ses objectifs plus ambitieux accorde une place particulière à l'évaluation par le bilan, au suivi et à la validation.
A partir d'un exemple, de mise en œuvre du C.F.I. dans une zone de Paris, est exposée ici une procédure d'évaluation dans un cadre inter-institutionnel, avec l’apport de conseillers d'orientation psychologues.
Groupes et processus d'orientation
Authors: Carré Odile 
Published: April 2024

L’idéal du moi repose sur la construction d’une image idéale de soi. Celle-ci est l’élément moteur susceptible de soutenir la dynamique d’un projet d’orientation. Le groupe de pairs peut jouer un rôle déterminant dans la construction de l’idéal de moi du jeune. Telle est l’hypothèse soutenue à partir d’études de cas, par un groupe de conseillers d’orientation au cours d’une action-recherche-formation.
L’étude des processus qui se développent dans deux groupes-classe illustre cette proposition. Ils mettent en évidence la dimension affective, le temps de maturation nécessaires à l’élaboration d’un projet professionnel et à la création de soi.
Les processus du risque accidentel chez les jeunes.
Authors: Assailly Jean-Pascal 
Published: April 2024

First, the four main variables correlated to the involvement of young people in traffic accidents are presented : age, sex, cohort and geographic origin.
Second, we will examine the four main dimensions of risk which may explain the overinvolvement of young people in accidents : risk-taking, risk perception, risk exposure and accident proneness. A general model of accident risk will be proposed from the interactions between these four dimensions.
Quelle formation pour les 20 % qui n'auront pas le bac ? Points de vue des personnels des lycées techniques et professionnels.
Authors: Agulhon Catherine 
Published: April 2024

Le défi proposé d'amener 80 % d'une classe d'âge au bac peut induire l'exclusion des 20 % restant. A partir de l'analyse d'une question ouverte posée dans une enquête extensive menée auprès de 2 500 agents de l'enseignement technique et professionnel, nous avons pu explorer leurs représentations de cet objectif et de ses conséquences.
Les personnels des lycées professionnel et technologique, bousculés par cette réforme, se partagent entre deux conceptions distinctes : les uns estiment que c'est l'occasion d'améliorer le niveau des élèves et de revaloriser leur filière, les autres, dans un souci de démocratisation, dénoncent la marginalisation des jeunes les plus démunis. Cette réforme cristallise donc les conflits entre deux acceptions des missions du système éducatif.
Contraintes familiales et désistement à l'entrée en stage. Différences d'accès en formation professionnelle selon le sexe.
Authors: Rossi Patricia 
Published: April 2024

Professional reinsertion often demands a recognized technical training. The A.F.P.A. is aiming to recruit and train the candidates who want to use its services.
This study is intended to show that :
a) to do a vocational training implies a regulation of the system of activities ;
b) this regulation is possible only if it has been prepared in view of the current life conditions of the person asking for vocational training.
The results show inequalities between men and women considering the rate of withdrawal before the very beginning of the training period.
Valorisations, attentes et investissements en formation.
Authors: Dupuy Raymond 
Published: April 2024

Facing transformations of socio-technical systems in which they are attached to, social actors amplify different regulation strategies of their own system of activities. For many of them, entering training constitute one of those strategies. Article shows how the latter may be psychologically understood as paid workers active and differential responses to their environnements evolution.
Concerning trainees, inscribed in a long qualifying training, results demonstrate :
-interaction effects between situationnal variables and valorizations (hierarchization established by an individual between objectives he assignes to himself in his different life's domains) upon kinds of training's expectations (indicative of change's aims and of the professionnal mobility project's nature) ;
-interaction effects between training's expectations and valorizations upon modes of investment in training (temporal investment, actually achieved activities, pedagogic enacting's evaluation...).
We come to emphasize necessity to take into best account conative processes involved in the framework of sociological integration help's enacting of unemployed.
Le récit de vie entre la psychanalyse et la sociologie clinique
Authors: Gauléjac Vincent de 
Published: April 2024

La méthode biographique ne peut éluder une confrontation avec la psychanalyse et avec la sociologie. L’auteur montre en quoi ces deux approches sont à la fois complémentaires et contradictoires dans la constuction de l’objet du récit, dans la façon de «raconter» son histoire, et dans les différentes interprétations possibles.
La présentation d’un cas permet de saisir concrètement les articulations entre le roman familial et la trajectoire sociale, donc entre les déterminants sociaux et la dynamique inconsciente.
La richesse d’une approche clinique du récit de vie réside dans cette capacité à saisir les rapports entre l’histoire sociale et la vie psychique. Cette approche illustre en quoi l’individu est le produit d’une histoire dont il cherche à devenir le sujet.
Pierre Naville, de la psychologie à la sociologie
Authors: Rolle Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Pierre Naville chercha, tout au long de sa vie, à développer une conception générale des sciences de l’homme comme science des relations, sur les bases de la psychologie du comportement de Watson. Les différentes analyses scientifiques s’approfondiront en s’obligeant à tout moment à préciser et à comprendre les différences, les analogies et les convergences entre elles. En particulier, l’économie et la sociologie héritées de Marx doivent se compléter par une psychologie scientifique, c’est-à-dire d’inspiration behavioriste.
L’autonomie des différentes disciplines scientifiques n’est pas donnée par la distinction de leurs objets, mais obtenue par la recherche elle-même, qui distingue et précise les principes de départ. Cette autonomie est évidemment relative, et révisable. Cette conception permet d’éviter les entraînements et les simplifications auxquels s’expose chaque discipline isolée.
Dans la «Théorie de l’orientation professionnelle», Naville veut empêcher cette pratique de s’exercer en ignorant son propre conditionnement social, et en travestissant les mécanismes économiques en faits psychologiques. La hiérarchie des professions et des statuts ne traduit d’aucune manière la distribution des aptitudes entre les individus, mais actualise et reproduit la structure des classes sociales.
Devenu sociologue, Naville récusa certaines des méthodes les plus répandues dans cette discipline. Il s’attacha à l’étude directe des comportements de travail que les sociologues ne considèrent souvent qu’à travers les institutions qui les encadrent, les classent et les évaluent. Il observa les rythmes de travail, les relations entre les travailleurs, et surtout les multiples formules par lesquelles les actions humaines sont connectées aux opérations mécaniques. Il put ainsi concevoir une explication générale de l’automatisation industrielle, et de ce que l’on appelle la société tertiaire, explication qui inspire beaucoup des recherches et des débats d’aujourd’hui.
Le rôle des stratégies d’attributions causales dans les difficultés d’insertion scolaire ou professionnelle rencontrées par les jeunes
Authors: Nurmi Jari-Erik 
Published: April 2024

Certains jeunes sont confrontés à l’échec scolaire ; d’autres, dans une phase ultérieure de leur développement social, éprouvent des difficultés d’insertion. L’article aborde cette problématique sous l’angle des stratégies cognitives, en particulier les mécanismes d’attributions causales, qui sont mises en jeu dans les situations qui impliquent une réalisation.
Ces stratégies sont constituées de plusieurs processus psychologiques tels que l’anticipation du succès ou de l’échec, l’élaboration de plans d’action liés à la tâche, le recours à des conduites non pertinentes par rapport à la tâche et le biais défensif d’attribution.
On résume dans cet article quatre études dont les résultats suggèrent que les jeunes en échec scolaire semblent plutôt mettre en jeu une stratégie d’autohandicap alors que ceux qui, dans une phase ultérieure, de transition de l’adolescence à l’âge adulte ont des difficultés d’insertion mettent en jeu une stratégie encore plus handicapante que nous désignons par «piège de l’échec».
En conclusion, nous présentons quelques principes de base destinés à la conception de programmes d’intervention dont l’objectif est d’aider certains jeunes en situation d’exclusion à réussir leur transition vers leur statut d’adultes.
Les publics du conservatoire national des arts et métiers. Caractéristiques socio-démographiques, parcours professionnels et raisons d’entrée en formation
Authors: Correia Mario , Pottier François 
Published: April 2024

Les résultats de deux enquêtes réalisées en 1997 sur 3 000 visiteurs ayant fréquenté le forum d’orientation du C.N.A.M., et en 1999 sur 2 500 auditeurs ayant arrêté leur formation au C.N.A.M. en 1998, ont permis de confronter les caractéristiques du public du C.N.A.M. avec l’offre de formation. Un fait marquant est l’extrême diversité des parcours professionnels, des objectifs poursuivis par ces personnes et de leurs «mobiles» d’entrer au C.N.A.M. Cette diversité détermine des rapports à la formation très différenciés.
L’offre de formation du C.N.A.M. prend assez mal en compte cette hétérogénéité. Elle décourage certains auditeurs potentiels de s’inscrire. Parmi ceux qui se sont inscrits, la formation semble produire des effets importants seulement pour des types de «mobiles» particuliers : la «promotion sociale» ou la «gestion de la carrière». Par contre, la formation semble produire peu d’effets pour ceux qui poursuivent un projet de reconversion et ce d’autant plus que des menaces pèsent sur leur situation professionnelle.
Ten Most Characteristic Errors in Antidepressant Therapy of Depression in Domestic Practice
Authors: Евсегнеев Р.А. 
Published: April 2024

В статье приводится разбор ряда наиболее характерных ошибок и недостатков в практике работы последних лет отечественных врачей-психиатров при лечении депрессий антидепрессантами. В их число включены: неоправданно широкое применение антидепрессантов 1-го поколения, недостаточная длительность приема препарата на разных этапах лечения депрессии, неоправданно редкое использование структурированных инструментов для оценки эффективности лечения на разных его этапах, лечение депрессии при биполярном аффективном расстройстве по правилам монополярной депрессии, непоследовательность в выборе препаратов в терапевтически резистентных случаях, недостаточная индивидуализация лечения антидепрессантами и др. Обсуждаются возможные причины и последствия ошибок, а также пути их исправления.
This article presents a number of the most typical mistakes and shortcomings made in the recent years by domestic psychiatrists in the treatment of depression disorders with antidepressants. They include: unjustifiably wide use of the 1st generation antidepressants, obvious insufficient duration of the drug administration at different stages of the treatment, unjustifiably rare use of structured instruments (scales) for the assessment of treatment efficacy at different stages, treatment the cases of depression in the course of bipolar affective disorders according to the rules for unipolar depression, inconsistent choice of drugs in the resistant cases, insufficient level of individualization of the antidepressant treatment, etc. Possible causes and consequences of the errors and ways to correct them are also discussed.
230 nm wavelength range far-UVC LED with low Al-composition differentiation between well and barrier layers of MQWs
Authors: Uesugi Kenjiro , Akaike Ryota , Ichikawa Shuhei , Nakamura Takao , Kojima Kazunobu , Tsuchiya Masahiko , Miyake Hideto 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reducing the average Al composition of Al
x
Ga1−x
N/Al
y
Ga1−y
N multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is an effective approach to increase the current injection efficiencies of far-UV-C LEDs (far-UVC LEDs). A reduction can be realized by decreasing the Al-composition differentiation between the well and barrier layers. Compared to conventional MQWs, a 230 nm wavelength far-UVC LED equipped with a single-Al-composition and a 39 nm thick light-emitting layer exhibits a higher external quantum efficiency (EQE). The EQE of far-UVC LEDs with low Al-composition differentiation (∼1%) is enhanced to approximately 0.6% and 1.4% under continuous wave operations at 230 nm and 236 nm wavelengths, respectively.
Birth Body Mass Index (Bmi) of Late Preterm and Early-Term Newborns
Authors: Alzineth Silva Campos Chiara , Ferreira Vitor Priscila , Ribeiro Simas Caliel , Maira Pereira Silvia , João Bertoli Ciro , Leone Claudio 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: the nutritional status and the growth achieved by the newborn until birth have been used as a marker/indicator of early risks of morbidity and mortality. Even though BMI is a good marker of adiposity and is commonly used in older children and adults, there are still gaps in knowledge and there are few studies on the behavior of BMI according to gestational age.
Objective: to analyze the Body Mass Index (BMI) at the birth of late preterm newborns (34th to 36th week of gestational age) and early-term newborns (37th to 38th week of gestational age) and according to gestational age.
Methods: this is a descriptive, analytical, and quantitative study with 2,486 newborns, developed from the project’s database “Biometric characteristics at birth, of young adult women’s babies, in a municipality with a high human development index.” After collection, data consistency was verified. The analysis evaluated measures of central tendency and dispersion of values, in addition to correlations and regressions of their evolution according to gestational age.
Results: BMI scores Z distribution wasn’t different between male and female late preterm newborns as in early-term newborns. The same was observed concerning gestational ages. In terms of absolute BMI values, it was observed that late preterm newborns had a lower BMI (12.6 kg/m2) than early-term newborns (13.6 kg/m2). However, considering their gestational age, late preterm newborns were proportionally bigger than early-term newborns. A proportionally higher rate of BMI growth was observed in late preterm newborns, with a tendency to slow down in early-term newborns. As for weight gain, from the 37th week of gestational age, it tends to decrease compared to the reference values.
Conclusion: Regarding the BMI reference values, early-term and late-preterm newborns are equivalent. Late-preterm newborns have the same BMI Z-scores as reference values as early-term newborns.
Characteristics of early gastric tumors with different differentiation and predictors of long-term outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Zhu Hong-Yi , Wu Jie , Zhang Yuan-Miao , Li Fang-Lan , Yang Jin , Qin Bin , Jiang Jiong , Zhu Ning , Chen Meng-Yao , Zou Bai-Cang 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the preferred treatment for early-stage gastric cancer. The analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of gastric mucosal tumors with different differentiation degrees and the influencing factors of long-term ESD efficacy may have certain significance for revealing the development of gastric cancer and ESD.
AIM
To analyze the features of gastric mucosal tumors at different differentiation levels, and to explore the prognostic factors of ESD.
METHODS
We retrospectively studied 301 lesions in 285 patients at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2014 to 2021, according to the latest Japanese guidelines (sixth edition), and divided them into low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and differentiated and undifferentiated early carcinoma. They are followed up by endoscopy, chest and abdominal computed tomography at 3, 6 and 12 months after ESD. We compared clinicopathologic characteristics, ESD efficacy, and complications with different degrees of differentiation, and analyzed the related factors associated with ESD.
RESULTS
HGIN and differentiated carcinoma patients were significantly older compared with LGIN patients (P < 0.001) and accounted for more 0-IIc (P < 0.001), atrophic gastritis was common (P < 0.001), and irregular microvascular patterns (IMVPs) and demarcation lines (DLs) were more obvious (P < 0.001). There was more infiltration in the undifferentiated carcinoma tissue (P < 0.001), more abnormal folds and poorer mucosal peristalsis (P < 0.001), and more obvious IMVPs, irregular microsurface patterns and DLs (P < 0.05) than in the LGIN and HGIN tissues. The disease-free survival rates at 2, 5, and 8 years after ESD were 95.0%, 90.1%, and 86.9%, respectively. Undifferentiated lesions (HR 5.066), white moss (HR 7.187), incomplete resection (HR 3.658), and multiple primary cancers (HR 2.462) were significantly associated with poor prognosis.
CONCLUSION
Differentiations of gastric mucosal tumors have different epidemiological and endoscopic characteristics, which are closely related to the safety and efficacy of ESD.
Influence of load parameters during landslide slope reinforcement with soil nails based on self-drilling hollow steel bars on their bearing capacity and strength properties
Authors: Kharichkin A. I. , Babich D. D. , Galimov I. M. , Chernyatin D. V. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Soil nails are widely used to reinforce landslide slopes and ground-retaining structures in many countries, including Russia. The interaction of soil nails with the soil base is of high interest to both engineers and researchers. The method of increasing the stability of landslide slopes with soil nails has proved to be versatile and cost-effective. However, the process of designing soil nails is usually carried out using empirical and semi-empirical methods that may ignore a number of important factors.Aim. To determine the most optimal angle of soil nail inclination, as well as to analyze the characteristics of soil movement of a landslide slope along a potential sliding surface and their influence on the bearing capacity of the soil nail and its strength characteristics.Materials and methods. A review of scientific publications on the influence of load parameters during landslide slope reinforcement with soil nails based on self-drilling hollow steel bar on their bearing capacity and strength properties was carried out. The review sample included 11 publications most relevant to the topic under study. Calculations were carried out using the PLAXIS 2D software environment.Results. The conducted calculations and literature review allowed the optimal angle of soil nail inclination in the slope to be established, which corresponds to a value ranging from 0° to 5° to the horizon. The study also showed that the development of shear stresses along the soil nail in time exhibits a non-uniform nature. Therefore, the assumption of a constant value of shear stresses along the entire length of the nail or anchor root can lead to an overestimation of the soil bearing capacity.Conclusions. The obtained results have confirmed the relevance of further research into the influence of load parameters during the reinforcement of landslide slopes using soil nails.
Discovery of presumably introduced spiders, Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 (Araneae, Liocranidae) and Boagrius qiong Lin &amp; Li, 2022 (Araneae, Palpimanidae) on Chichi-jima Island, the Ogasawara Islands, Japan
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Hisasue Yu 
Published: April 2024

The spider fauna of the Ogasawara Islands, oceanic islands located 1,000 km south of mainland Japan was comprehensively examined by the National Museum of Nature and Science in 2011, which revealed that approximately 70% of the spider fauna was composed of non-native species. Following the preceding study, however, only descriptions of several new species have been added and no major updates have been made for the overall spider fauna of the Islands.
The faunistic survey of spiders conducted on Chichi-jima Island, the largest island in the Ogasawara Islands in 2023 revealed the presence of two ground-dwelling spider species, Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 (Araneae, Liocranidae) and Boagrius qiong Lin & Li, 2022 (Araneae, Palpimanidae) on the Island. This represents the first record of the two species from Japan, the first record of palpimaid spiders from Japan and the initial documentation of liocranid spiders in the Ogasawara Islands.
High Risk ECMO Cannula to Circuit Connection
Authors: Maybauer Marc O. , Frantz Amanda , Stahl Ryan , Becker Torben K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
A patient with a percutaneously inserted cardiopulmonary bypass cannula into the right internal jugular vein, connected to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit using tape, was referred for transport to our ECMO center. We describe management, quality improvement, and lessons learned.
Empowering Little Fighters: Post-Cardiotomy Pediatric ECMO and the Journey to Recovery
Authors: Kumar Alok , Raj Sangeeth , Singh Saurabh , Ghotra Gurpinder S. , Tiwari Nikhil 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has long been used for cardiorespiratory support in the immediate post-paediatric cardiac surgery period with a 2-3% success as per the ELSO registry. Success in recovery depends upon the optimal delivery of critical care to paediatric patients and a comprehensive healthcare team.

Methodology:
The survival benefit of children placed on central veno arterial (VA) ECMO following elective cardiac surgeries for congenital heart disease (n = 672) was studied in a cohort of 29 (4.3%) cases from the period of Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 in our cardiac surgical centre. Indications for placing these patients on central VA ECMO included inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), low cardiac output syndrome, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, significant bleeding, anaphylaxis, respiratory failure and severe pulmonary edema.

Results:
The mean time to initiation of ECMO was less than 5 h and the mean duration of ECMO support was 56 h with a survival rate of 58.3%. Amongst perioperative complications, sepsis and arrhythmia on ECMO were found to be negatively associated with survival. Improvements in the pH, PaO2 levels and serum lactate levels after initiation of ECMO were associated with survival benefits.

Conclusion:
The early initiation of ECMO for paediatric cardiotomies could be a beacon of hope for families and medical teams confronting these challenging situations. Improvement in indicators of adequate perfusion and ventricular recoveries like pH and serum lactate and absence of arrhythmia and sepsis are associated with good outcomes.