bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gerät zur Charakterisierung des Feinstaubpotenzials von Straßenoberflächen
Authors: El‐Waraki M. S. , Schmidt E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAufwirbelung von abgelagerten Feinstäuben kann erheblich zur Immissionsbelastung beitragen. Ein im Fachgebiet Sicherheitstechnik/Umweltschutz entwickeltes Gerät nimmt auf der Straßenoberfläche befindenden Staub durch eine Luftströmung auf. Der dabei aufgewirbelte Staubanteil wird hinsichtlich Größe und Anzahl der Partikeln on‐line charakterisiert. Somit wird es möglich, den Untergrund in Bezug auf eine mögliche Aufwirbelung von Feinstaub zu beschreiben.
Fluiddynamik und Wärmeübergang bei der Fallfilmverdampfung von Reinstoffen mit hohen Prandtl‐Zahlen
Authors: Weise F. , Scholl S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie derzeitigen Berechnungsgrundlagen für Fluiddynamik und Wärmeübergang in Fallfilmverdampfern basieren vornehmlich auf Experimenten mit Reinstoffen oder Gemischen bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Viskositäten. Insbesondere für Systeme mit hohen Prandtl‐Zahlen wurden praktisch ausschließlich wässrige Mischungen betrachtet. Auf Basis eigener experimenteller Untersuchungen mit viskosen organischen Reinstoffen wird ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der gekoppelten Vorgänge von Strömung und Wärmeübertragung in einem innen berieselten Verdampferrohr geleistet. In diesem Zusammenhang wird das Auftreten erster Blasen am Übergang von der Oberflächenverdampfung zum Blasensieden in Abhängigkeit stofflicher Parameter für viskose Flüssigkeiten eingehend untersucht. Mit dem Auftreten der Blasen geht ein deutlicher Anstieg des Wärmeübergangs einher ohne jedoch Filminstabilitäten zu induzieren. Eine erste Modellierung ist zwar für den jeweiligen Stoff möglich, jedoch nicht auf andere Flüssigkeiten übertragbar.
Untersuchungen zu Struktur‐Eigenschaftsbeziehungen an porösen Elektroden für implantierbare Li/MnO2‐Batterien
Authors: Hucke Th. , Drews J. , Traulsen T. , Staub R. , Fehrmann G. , Stintz M. , Gabsch St. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFür die Energieversorgung medizinischer Implantate werden seit mehreren Jahren Lithium/Mangandioxid‐Primärbatterien eingesetzt. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie wird dabei maßgeblich durch die Struktur der porösen Kathode bestimmt. Diese kompaktierte Feststoffelektrode enthält als elektrochemisch aktives Material Mangandioxid (MnO2) sowie weitere pulverförmige Additive. Durch Fraktionierung des Aktivmaterials kann die Struktur der Kathode gezielt beeinflusst werden. Verringert man die mittlere Partikelgröße eines Pulversystems, vergrößert sich die spezifische Oberfläche, zudem werden Diffusionswege für Lithiumionen innerhalb des Einzelpartikels verkürzt. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass bei Verringerung der Partikelgröße die Oberflächenkräfte dominieren und zu einer verstärkten Agglomerationsneigung des Pulvers führen. Hieraus resultieren Kathoden mit höherer Porosität aber geringerer Packungsdichte. Mit zunehmender mittlerer Partikelgröße können größere Packungsdichten erreicht werden, was zur Verbesserung der Aktivmassebeladung und der Energiedichte der Batterie beiträgt. Die vorgestellte Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit den Einflüssen der Partikelgrößenverteilung der Aktivmasse auf die Struktur der Kathode und die hieraus resultierenden Eigenschaften von Primärbatterien. Entgegen dem Stand der Technik konnte der positive Einfluss der Partikelgrößenverringerung des Aktivmaterials für die hier untersuchten Batterietypen nicht bestätigt werden.
Herstellung sphärischer Naphthalinpellets durch Abtropfen in eine wässrige Phase
Authors: Krautwald J. , Schnitzlein K. , Vorlop K.‐D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFür die Anwendung der Naphthalinsublimation in einer Thermowaage werden kugelförmige Naphthalinpellets als repräsentativer Katalysatorersatz benötigt. Zur Herstellung dieser Pellets wird hier eine alternative Methode vorgestellt. Unter Ausnutzung von Kapillar‐ und Oberflächenkräften werden Pellets bei Umgebungsdruck und geringem technischem Aufwand generiert.
Gasunterstützte Ölsaat‐Pressung
Authors: Voges S. , Eggers R. , Pietsch A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie in den letzten Jahren wachsende Bedeutung von Ölsaaten wie Raps und Soja unter anderem als alternative Kraftstoffquellen macht eine Effizienzsteigerung der Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung zunehmend interessant. Herkömmlich wird die Speiseölgewinnung durch eine kontinuierliche Lösungungsmittelextraktion mit Hexan vorgenommen, der eine mechanische Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung auf einer Schneckenpresse vorgeschaltet sein kann. Bei dem neuen Verfahren der gasunterstützten Pressung handelt es sich um eine mechanische Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung unter Zuhilfenahme eines verdichteten Gases. Dieses Gas ist bevorzugt CO2 und wird vor oder während der Pressung mit der Ölsaat in Kontakt gebracht, um so einen verbesserten Abpressgrad zu erreichen. Die Effizienz dieses Verfahrens konnte in eigenen Experimenten nachgewiesen werden. Die Vorteile sind die Ausbeuteerhöhung sowie der denkbare völlige Verzicht auf konventionelle brennbare Lösungsmittel bei der Gewinnung vegetabiler Öle.
Valproic acid for the treatment of myeloid malignancies
Authors: Kuendgen Andrea , Gattermann Norbert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) has been used as an anticonvulsant for decades. Recently, it was demonstrated that VPA also acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor and induces differentiation and apoptosis in a variety of malignant cells in vitro. The effect of VPA on tumor cells differs according to cell type, degree of differentiation, and underlying genetic alterations. Clinical trials with VPA have focused on acute myeloid leukemia and the myelodysplastic syndromes. When it was used as monotherapy or in combination with all‐trans retinoic acid, which synergizes in vitro, VPA achieved hematologic improvement in a subset of patients. Similar to other inhibitors of histone deacetylases, complete or partial remissions rarely were observed. In this report, the authors reviewed the in vitro and in vivo data obtained with VPA, and they considered possible combination regimens aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Association between megestrol acetate treatment and symptomatic adrenal insufficiency with hypogonadism in male patients with cancer
Authors: Dev Rony , Del Fabbro Egidio , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPatients with advanced cancer may develop cachexia, which is often treated with megestrol acetate (MA). In addition to thromboembolic disease, MA may cause symptomatic suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. In male patients with cancer, treatment with MA may also suppress the gonadal axis, resulting in symptomatic androgen deficiency. Three cases are presented to highlight the symptomatic burden of adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadism. Clinicians need an increased awareness of the complication of adrenal insufficiency secondary to MA treatment and a low threshold to test for adrenal and gonadal dysfunction in symptomatic male patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Calculation of EPR g Tensors for Transition‐Metal Complexes Based on Multiconfigurational Perturbation Theory (CASPT2)
Authors: Vancoillie Steven , Malmqvist Per‐Åke , Pierloot Kristine 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe computation of the electronic g tensor by two multireference methods is presented and applied to a selection of molecules including CN, BO, AlO, GaO, InO, ZnH, ZnF, O2, H2O+, O3−, and H2CO+ (group A) as well as TiF3, CuCl42−, Cu(NH3)42+, and a series of d1‐MOX4n− compounds, with M=V, Cr, Mo, Tc, W, Re and X=F, Cl, Br (group B). Two approaches are considered, namely, one in which spin–orbit coupling and the Zeeman effect are included using second‐order perturbation theory and another one in which the Zeeman effect is added through first‐order degenerate perturbation theory within the ground‐state Kramers doublet. The two methods have been implemented into the MOLCAS quantum chemistry software package. The results obtained for the molecules in group A are in good agreement with experiment and with previously reported calculated g values. The results for the molecules in group B vary. While the g values for the d1 systems are superior to previous theoretical results, those obtained for the d9 systems are too large compared to the experimental values.
X‐Ray Spectroscopic and Diffraction Study of the Structure of the Active Species in the NiII‐Catalyzed Polymerization of Isocyanides
Authors: Metselaar Gerald A. , Schwartz Erik , de Gelder René , Feiters Martin C. , Nikitenko Serge , Smolentsev Grigory , Yalovega Galina E. , Soldatov Alexander V. , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Rowan Alan E. , Nolte Roeland J. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe structure of the active complex in the Ni‐catalyzed polymerization of isocyanides to give polyisocyanides is investigated. It is shown by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), including EXAFS (extended X‐ray absorption fine structure) and XANES (X‐ray absorption near edge structure), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, to contain a carbene‐like ligand. This is the first structural characterization of a crucial intermediate in the so‐called merry‐go‐round mechanism for Ni‐catalyzed isocyanide polymerization.
Do weak phonological representations impact on arithmetic development? A review of research into arithmetic and dyslexia
Authors: Simmons Fiona R. , Singleton Chris 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe review significant empirical studies of the arithmetic abilities of children with dyslexia. These studies suggest that the academic impairments of children with dyslexia are not limited to reading and spelling, but also include aspects of mathematics. A consistent finding across a number of studies is that children with dyslexia have difficulty recalling number facts. The results of the reviewed studies are analysed, both in terms of the weak phonological representations hypothesis, and the triple‐code theory of mathematical cognition. It is suggested that the phonological processing deficits of individuals with dyslexia impair aspects of mathematics that rely on the manipulation of verbal codes (e.g. counting speed, number fact recall), whilst other aspects of mathematics that are less reliant on verbal codes (e.g. estimation, subitising) are unimpaired. Suggestions for testing this hypothesis are put forward. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of electromagnetic scattering from conducting polygons by the point matching method
Authors: Ohnuki Shinichiro , Ohtaka Noriaki , Hinata Takashi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA region decomposition technique is proposed for point matching method analysis of electromagnetic scattering problems involving various polygonal cylinders with conducting edges. In this paper, it is verified that the scattering problem is amenable to accurate numerical analysis by the point matching method. The influence of the shape change of the scatterer in the shadow region is investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(8): 18–25, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20339
Performance improvement of InGaAs quantum well distributed Bragg reflector laser with curved grating
Authors: Uemukai Masahiro , Nozu Shunsuke , Suhara Toshiaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPerformance improvement is performed for an InGaAs quantum well DBR laser consisting of a ridge active channel and a curved grating such that single‐mode oscillation with high efficiency and high spectral purity can be realized. The waveguide absorption loss is substantially reduced by selectively disordering the quantum well in the DBR region. The curved DBR grating is optimized so that a high reflectivity and sharp wavelength selectivity are obtained simultaneously. In addition, the external differential quantum efficiency is enhanced by optimizing the reflectivity at the output end with a low‐reflection coating. In this approach, a single‐mode oscillation is realized with a high external differential quantum efficiency of 0.79 and a side mode suppression ratio of 50 dB. In the laser with a window structure near the output end, resistance to catastrophic optical damage is significantly improved and the maximum output is 294 mW. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(8): 1– 7, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20348
A low‐power design method for FPGA using extra flip‐flops driven by phase‐shifted clock
Authors: Katashita Toshihiro , Maeda Atsushi , Yamaguchi Yoshinori 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLow‐power design is important for extending the life of batteries and chips and simplifying cooling systems. In this paper, a low‐power design method for FPGA using extra flip‐flops is presented. Each of the extra flip‐flops is driven by a phase‐shifted clock, which makes the application of this method easier. We tested our method on an AES circuit, a DES circuit, an 8‐bit multiplier, and a 16‐bit multiplier. Power consumption reductions of up to 70.67, 15.69, 4.43, and 28.54%, respectively, were achieved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(8): 35–44, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20376
Poly(methimazolyl)borate Alkyne Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten
Authors: Hill Anthony F. , Tshabang Never , Willis Anthony C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSynthetic routes are reported to complexes of the form [MI(alkyne)(CO){HnB(mt)4–n}] (mt = methimazolyl; n = 1, 2; M = Mo, W) through the reactions of alkyne complexes [WI2(HC≡CSiMe3)2(CO)2] or [MI2(RC≡CR)2(NCMe)(CO)] (M = Mo, W; R = Me, Ph) with the salts Na[HnB(mt)4–n].The derivative [MoI(PhC≡CPh)(CO){HB(mt)3}] reacts with Na[HB(mt)3] to provide the complex [Mo(PhC≡CPh)(CO){HB(mt)3}2] in which the two HB(mt)3 ligands adopt different non‐interconverting coordination modes, κ3‐S,S′,S″ and κ1‐S. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Comparison of hepatic properties and transplantation of Thy-1+ and Thy-1− cells isolated from embryonic day 14 rat fetal liver
Authors: Oertel Michael , Menthena Anuradha , Chen Yuan-Qing , Shafritz David A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Thy-1, a marker of hematopoietic progenitor cells, is also expressed in activated oval cells of rat liver. Thy-1+ cells are also in rat fetal liver and exhibit properties of bipotent hepatic epithelial progenitor cells in culture. However, no information is available concerning liver repopulation by Thy-1+ fetal liver cells. Therefore, we isolated Thy-1+ and Thy-1− cells from embryonic day (ED) 14 fetal liver and compared their gene expression characteristics

in vitro

and proliferative and differentiation potential after transplantation into adult rat liver. Fetal liver cells selected for Thy-1 expression using immunomagnetic microbeads were enriched from 5.2%-87.2% Thy-1+. The vast majority of alpha fetoprotein+, albumin+, cytokine-19+, and E-cadherin+ cells were found in cultured Thy-1− cells, whereas nearly all CD45+ cells were in the Thy-1+ fraction. In normal rat liver, transplanted Thy-1+ cells produced only rare, small DPPIV+ cell clusters, very few of which exhibited a hepatocytic phenotype. In retrorsine-treated liver, transplanted Thy-1+ fetal liver cells achieved a 4.6%-23.5% repopulation. In contrast, Thy-1− fetal liver cells substantially repopulated normal adult liver and totally repopulated retrorsine-treated liver. Regarding the stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)–1/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis for stem cell homing, Thy-1+ and Thy-1− fetal hepatic epithelial cells equally expressed CXCR4. However, SDF-1α expression was augmented in bile ducts and oval cells in retrorsine/partial hepatectomy–treated liver, and this correlated with liver repopulation by Thy-1+ cells.

Conclusion:

Highly enriched Thy-1+ ED14 fetal liver cells proliferate and repopulate the liver only after extensive liver injury and represent a fetal hepatic progenitor cell population distinct from Thy-1− stem/progenitor cells, which repopulate the normal adult liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Clevudine is highly efficacious in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B with durable off-therapy viral suppression
Authors: Yoo Byung Chul , Kim Ju Hyun , Kim Tae-Hun , Koh Kwang Cheol , Um Soon-Ho , Kim Young Soo , Lee Kwan Sik , Han Byung Hoon , Chon Chae Yoon , Han Joon-Yeol , Ryu Soo Hyung , Kim Haak Cheoul , Byun Kwan Soo , Hwang Seong Gyu , Kim Byung-Ik , Cho Mong , Yoo Kwon , Lee Heon-Ju , Hwang Jae Seok , Kim Yun Soo , Lee Young-Suk , Choi Sung-Kyu , Lee Youn-Jae , Yang Jin-Mo , Park Joong-Won , Lee Myung-Seok , Kim Dae-Ghon , Chung Young-Hwa , Cho Se-Hyun , Choi Jong-Young , Kweon Young-Oh , Lee Heon Young , Jeong Sook-Hyang , Yoo Hee-Won , Lee Hyo-Suk 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Clevudine is a pyrimidine analog with potent and sustained antiviral activity against HBV. In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of clevudine 30 mg daily for 24 weeks and assessed the durability of antiviral response for 24 weeks after cessation of dosing in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (e-CHB). We randomized a total of 86 patients (3:1) to receive clevudine 30 mg (n = 63) or placebo (n = 23) daily for 24 weeks. We followed patients for an additional 24 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. The median changes in HBV DNA from baseline were −4.25 and −0.48 log10 copies/mL at week 24 in the clevudine and placebo groups, respectively (

P

< 0.0001). Viral suppression in the clevudine group was sustained after withdrawal of therapy, with 3.11 log10 reduction at week 48. At week 24 and week 48, 92.1% and 16.4% of patients in the clevudine group had undetectable serum HBV DNA levels by Amplicor PCR assay (<300 copies/mL). The proportion of patients who achieved ALT normalization was 74.6% and 33.3% in the clevudine and placebo groups at week 24, respectively (

P

= 0.0006). ALT normalization in the clevudine group was well-maintained during the post-treatment follow-up period. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the 2 groups. No resistance to clevudine was detected during treatment.

Conclusion:

A 24-week clevudine therapy was well-tolerated and showed potent and sustained antiviral effect without evidence of viral resistance in e-CHB patients. However, treatment for longer than 24 weeks would be needed to achieve durable remission. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Surface property and in vitro biodegradation of microspheres fabricated by poly(ε‐caprolactone‐b‐ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers
Authors: Yu Guoqiang , Zhang Yu , Shi Xudong , Li Zhanshuang , Gan Zhihua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicrospheres fabricated by biodegradable polymers with tunable surface properties show great potentials as microcarriers in in vitro cell cultivation and tissue engineering. Herein we reported a new method to regulate the surface property and morphology of microspheres via the synthesis of biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymers with adjustable compositions. The poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐b‐ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers with functional amino end groups bonding to the PEO block (PCL‐b‐PEO‐NH2) were synthesized by sequential ring‐opening polymerization with potassium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide as initiator. The copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR, and then used to fabricate microspheres by w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The surface properties of microspheres were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results indicated that both the fabrication conditions and copolymer composition have great influences on the surface morphology and property of microspheres. The reactive amino functional groups are dominantly located on the surface of microspheres. The in vitro degradation of microspheres was studied by following the morphological changes of microspheres. The influences of hydrophilic PEO out‐layers on the enzymatic degradation of microspheres were discussed. These microspheres with controllable surface morphology and amino functional groups are expected to be promising alternatives for the further biomimetic modification to promote cell growth on materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Bioactive and degradable hybridized nanofibers of gelatin–siloxane for bone regeneration
Authors: Song Ju‐Ha , Yoon Byung‐Ho , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybridized nanofibers constituted of gelatin and siloxane were generated by the electrospinning technique for use as bone regeneration matrices. The composition of the nanofibers selected was to be both degradable and bioactive. Precursors of gelatin and siloxane were dissolved in a modified acidic solvent composed of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The hybridized nanofibers with various compositions (gelatin/siloxane = 1/2, 1, and 2 by weight fraction) were successfully electrospun under the adjusted processing conditions. Compared to the pure gelatin nanofiber, the hybridized nanofibers showed improved chemical stability in a saline solution. This was attributed to the cross‐linking effect of the siloxane with the gelatin chains. Osteoblastic cells were observed to attach, spread, and populate actively on the hybridized nanofiber matrices. In particular, the cells on the hybridized nanofibers were recruited to elicit better osteoblastic activity (alkaline phosphatase) with respect to those on the pure gelatin. The newly‐developed hybridized nanofiber is considered to be useful as a bone regeneration matrix, due to its nanofibrous structural trait as well as its degradability and bone cell activity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Design of bioinspired polymeric materials based on poly(D,L‐lactic acid) modifications towards improving its cytocompatibility
Authors: Niu Xufeng , Luo Yanfeng , Li Yonggang , Fu Chunhua , Chen Jia , Wang Yuanliang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo design novel bioinspired polymeric material, poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (DL‐PLA) was on the base and modified in the bulk. Firstly, maleic anhydride (MA) groups were introduced to the side chain of DL‐PLA by the way of melting free radical copolymerization using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Then, to neutralize the acid generated during DL‐PLA degradation, aliphatic diamine was immobilized by the N‐acylation of anhydrides with butanediamine. As the following stage, adhesive peptides Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGDS) were grafted into the backbone of DL‐PLA by using carbodiimide as a coupling agent, in order to endow DL‐PLA with bioactivity and biospecificity. The characterizations of the obtained polymers were by the means of GPC‐MALLS, FTIR, 13C NMR and XPS to explore the structures and rhodamine‐carboxyl interaction method, ninhydrin reaction and amino acid analyzer to determine the content of MA, butanediamine, and RGDS, respectively, followed the test of pH changes during degradation in distilled water (pH = 6.45). Finally, the osteoblast behavior on different DL‐PLA based films was investigated and the results indicated that the introduction of diamine could promote cell attachment and viability, and the incorporation of RGDS further improved its cytocompatibility. The synthetic DL‐PLA based bioinspired material may have potentials for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008