bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the CD11c+ microglial population in the mouse brain and spinal cord from developmental to adult stages
Authors: Nomaki Kohei , Fujikawa Risako , Masuda Takahiro , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
CD11c-positive (CD11c+) microglia have attracted considerable attention because of their potential implications in central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and disease. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the proportion of CD11c+ microglia in individual CNS regions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the proportion of CD11c+ microglia in six CNS regions (forebrain, olfactory bulb, diencephalon/midbrain, cerebellum, pons/medulla, and spinal cord) from the developmental to adult stages by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses using a CD11c reporter transgenic mouse line, Itgax-Venus. We found that the proportion of CD11c+ microglia in total microglia varied between CNS regions during postnatal development. Specifically, the proportion was high in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum at postnatal day P(4) and P7, respectively, and approximately half of the total microglia were CD11c+. The proportion declined sharply in all regions to P14, and the low percentage persisted over P56. In the spinal cord, the proportion of CD11c+ microglia was also high at P4 and declined to P14, but increased again at P21 and thereafter. Interestingly, the distribution pattern of CD11c+ microglia in the spinal cord markedly changed from gray matter at P4 to white matter at P21. Collectively, our findings reveal the differences in the spatiotemporal dynamics of the proportion of CD11c+ microglia among CNS regions from early development to adult stages in normal mice. These findings improve our understanding of the nature of microglial heterogeneity and its dynamics in the CNS.
A quarter century of pollinator research in Cameroon: achievements and opportunities
Authors: Drager Andrea P. , Dounia Dounia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pollinator research is important for supporting food security and ecosystem health. Reviews assessing global or continental-scale trends often find that data from most African countries is lacking. Yet, over the last 25 years, pollination research has grown rapidly in Cameroon, the ecologically diverse “breadbasket” of Central Africa. In this review, we synthesize pollinator research in Cameroon to date, with the aim of informing future research and policy. We summarize work along several axes (research areas, author affiliation, journal type, agroecological zone, crop coverage, and pollinator taxonomic focus) and then discuss the applied plant-pollinator work in greater detail. We find that nationally led research (133/194; 69% of studies) has focused mainly on crop pollinators and their impacts on yield, on melliferous plants and on apiculture. Research has been carried out in all five agroecological zones in the country, with the greatest concentration in the High Guinean savannah. Bees, particularly Apis mellifera, are the most studied pollinator group. International research has focused on eco-evolutionary questions in natural montane systems and along elevational gradients; main taxa studied have been Lepidoptera and sunbirds. Pollinators of wild harvested and plantation tree crops are little studied, as is pollinator health, and the influence of natural areas on pollination services. We suggest how existing work can be leveraged and/or what data is lacking to address key policy-related questions such as: pollinator trends assessments, the importance of natural areas for sustaining pollinator populations, and the impacts of pollination deficits on production.
Unveiling the Lived Experiences of Sexual and Gender Diverse Individuals in Guyana: A Qualitative Investigation into Wellbeing
Authors: Kanhai Gregory , James Drexler 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
While there have been notable improvements in the social conditions of sexual and gender identity minority individuals in Guyana, recent research has identified the persistence of structural heterosexism and discrimination, including the reluctance of the Guyanese government to repeal colonial-era “anti-gay” laws that govern sexual behavior. In this qualitative study, we employed a theoretical framework integrating the Social Determinants of Health, Well-being Domains Theory, and Intersectional Minority Stress Theory to explore the positive and negative experiences of individuals from sexual and gender identity minority groups residing in Guyana.
Methods
Four focus groups were convened that included adult non-heterosexual men, women and transgender persons (Total N = 45). The focus groups prompted discussions about participants’ experiences in various life domains, including social, interpersonal, vocational, healthcare, housing, public spaces, socio-political contexts, significant life events, and personal successes. We used thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes in the participants’ discussions, providing a structured framework for understanding and interpreting their experiences in the specified life domains.
Results
Major positive themes included non-governmental organization support, family acceptance and healthy habit adoption to cope with stress. Negative themes included transportation inaccessibility, job discrimination, and lack of governmental support.
Conclusion
The Guyanese sexual and gender identity minority community is resilient and productive, despite enduring centuries-old social norms in Guyana that ostracize them. They have developed community resilience through the support of NGOs and past government initiatives, yet there remains a significant need for further efforts to achieve social parity. Collaborative initiatives involving both governmental and civil society organizations can play a vital role in dismantling the barriers.
ATM inhibition enhance antitumor immunity of CRC by activating cGAS/STING and NFκB/IRF1/NLRC5 pathway
Authors: Li Chunya , Wang Boyu , Tu Jingyao , Liu Chaofan , Wang Yuan , Chen Junjie , Huang Yongbiao , Liu Bo , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Backgroud
Accumulating evidence supports the concept that DNA damage response (DDR) targeted therapies can improve antitumor immune response by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells and improving the tumor immune microenvironment. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a core component of the DNA repair system. Although ATM gene has a significant mutation rate in many human cancers including colorectal, prostate, lung, and breast, it remains understudied compared with other DDR-involved molecules such as PARP and ATR. There is still a vast research opportunity for ATM targeted inhibition in tumors.
Methods
ATM knockout and knockdown colorectal cancer cell lines were used to construct animal models and perform in vitro experiments. KU60019 targets ATM as a drug control. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to examine the frequency and functional properties of immune cells in the tumor tissue and tumor-draining lymph nodes. The mechanism was investigated by siRNA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry.
Results
Here, we found that either gene knockout or drug intervention, ATM inhibition activated the cGAS/STING pathway in cancer cells, and this effect could be amplified by radiation. In addition, ATM inhibition augmented MHC class I expression in cancer cells and this effect was amplified by radiation and IFNγ, thereby promoting CD8+ T cells to active and kill cancer cells. We found that ATM inhibition in CRC cells leads to activation of canonical NFκB pathway and non-canonical NFκB pathway. Activation of the NFκB pathway in ATM-inhibited cells activated IRF1/NLRC5 pathway, leading to upregulation of MHC class I expression, which was STING independent.
Conclusions
This work indicated that ATM nonsense mutation predicted the clinical benefits of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade for patients with CRC. It also provides a molecular mechanism rationale for ATM-targeted agents for patients with CRC.
The effect of smoking on breast cancer screening results in female population:a study in Wu wei, China
Authors: Sun Qian , Hu Junguo , Ye Yancheng , Ma Li , Zhang Xiaoqian , Yang Rui , Huang Yue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective To construct a pathway analysis model of breast cancer screening population in this region based on Anderson model theory, and explore the influencing factors and pathways of screening results of breast cancer screening population in this region, in order to provide reference for refining breast cancer screening strategies and programs.
Methods Firstly, the distribution of each variable in the detection of breast related diseases was described by single factor analysis, and then a pathway analysis model for screening results of female breast cancer screening population in 2021-2023 was constructed according to the results of factor screening, so as to clarify the influence path and influence coefficient of each factor.
Results A total of 1792 female residents participated in breast cancer screening between 2021 and 2023, and 353 were detected with breast related diseases, with a detection rate of 19.7%. Single factor analysis showed that: Exposure to harmful substances, age, highest education, marital status, family history of breast cancer, menopause, weekly intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, weekly intake of processed foods, weekly intake of meat, eggs and milk, taste preference, preferred food or drink temperature, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular physical exercise, history of breast biopsy or breast benign Variables such as history of surgery and history of chest radiotherapy were different in whether breast related disease was detected. The result of path analysis model shows that the overall model fits well. The most significant variable of propensity characteristic dimension is the highest education; The significant variable in the dimension of medical behavior was smoking. The path coefficient indicates that the female population with lower education and smoking is more likely to detect mamma-related lesions in the screening population. In addition to the direct effect, the highest degree of education also had an indirect effect on whether breast related lesions were detected in the female screening population through the mediating variable of smoking.
Conclusion The results of this study confirm the importance of a healthy lifestyle. We should further strengthen the publicity and education on smoking cessation, and persuade smokers, especially pay attention to the promotion of smoking cessation behavior in the female population with low education level.
Towards quantitative cognitive-behavioural models of psychopathology: An active inference account of social anxiety disorder
Authors: Jin Frances , Zhang Yinghao , Hedley Friederike , Zhang Ru-Yuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms underlying psychopathology is a central goal in clinical science. While existing theories have demonstrated high clinical utility, they have provided limited quantitative and experimentally falsifiable explanations of psychopathological mechanisms. Previous computational modelling studies have primarily focused on isolated factors, posing challenges for advancing clinical theories. To address this gap and leverage the strengths of clinical theories and computational modelling in a synergetic manner, it is crucial to develop a quantitative model that integrates major vulnerability factors within a comprehensive psychopathological model. In this study, using social anxiety disorder (SAD) as an example, we present a novel approach by combining active inference modelling, an innovative computational approach that elucidates human cognition and action, with cognitive-behavioural theory (CBT), a well-established clinical framework. This CBT-informed quantitative account integrates multiple vulnerability factors to elucidate the psychopathology of SAD. Through a series of simulations, we systematically delineate their effects on pathological behaviours. This resultant model inherits the conceptual comprehensiveness of CBT and the quantitative rigor of active inference modelling, revealing previously elusive pathogenetic pathways and enabling the formulation of specific predictions for empirical studies. Furthermore, this resultant model provides a strong theoretical foundation for precision medicine in SAD by allowing for individual differences in the symptom development trajectory. Overall, this research presents the first quantitative model of SAD that unifies major pathogenesis factors proposed by CBT. It highlights the feasibility and potential of integrating clinical theory and computational modelling to advance our understanding of psychopathology.
Significance of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation-related Genes in the Prognostic Assessment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-omics Analysis
Authors: Luo Ding , Li Huan , Jing Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is implicated in tumorigenesis and progression, yet its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unexplored. This study aims to identify LLPS-associated genes in OSCC and develop a prognostic assessment model.
Methods
We analyzed 334 OSCC and 32 normal samples from the TCGA-HNSC cohort. Inclusion criteria encompassed histologically verified primary OSCC, mRNA profiles, and pertinent clinical data, while samples with no survival status or survival time less than 30 days were excluded. The final cohort consisted of 297 OSCC patients with complete data on age, gender, TNM staging, and grading. We utilized single-cell sequencing data from GEO (GSE103322), with GSE42743 as the validation cohort. LLPS-related genes from DrLLPS were employed, and key genes were identified through weighted co-expression network and clustering analysis. Prognostic models were developed using Coxboost, Lasso regression, and Stepcox regression. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was conducted to study the immune microenvironment of OSCC.
Results
The study established a predictive model based on eight LLPS-related genes in OSCC (VRK1, PLK1, POLE2, ESCO2, NEIL3, CENPI, GAS2L3, STIL). OSCC patients were stratified into two groups: high-risk and low-risk, with the high-risk group exhibiting significantly poorer prognosis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, notable differences in the immune environment were also observed between the groups.
Conclusions
This study identified eight LLPS-associated genes critical for OSCC prognosis and immune status, leading to the development of a predictive model. This research holds significance for advancing OSCC diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Vaulting Further: Cranial Vault Expansion for Craniocerebral Disproportion without Primary Craniosynostosis
Authors: Ng Jinggang J. , Saikali Linda M. , Zapatero Zachary D. , Massenburg Benjamin B. , Wu Meagan , Romeo Dominic J. , Heuer Gregory G. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Swanson Jordan W. , Lang Shih-Shan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose:
Treatment of subjects with refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) or shunted hydrocephalus with chronic shunt complications is challenging. What is the role for cranial vault expansion, particularly utilizing posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO), in these cases? This study assesses medium-term efficacy of cranial vault expansion in this unique patient population.
Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent cranial vault expansion from 2008 to 2023 at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Subjects who did not have a diagnosis of primary craniosynostosis were included in the study. Demographic information, medical history, and perioperative details were collected from medical records. Primary outcomes were the rate of CSF diversion procedures and resolution of presenting signs and symptoms. Secondary outcomes were perioperative and 90-day complications and reoperation requirement.
Results:
Among 13 included subjects, nine (69.2%) patients had a primary diagnosis of shunted hydrocephalus and 4 (30.8%) patients had IIH. Twelve (92.3%) subjects underwent posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) and one (7.7%) underwent posterior vault remodeling (PVR). All 4 patients with IIH demonstrated symptomatic improvement following PVDO, including resolution of headaches, vomiting, and/or papilledema. Among 9 patients with shunted hydrocephalus, CSF diversion requirement decreased from 2.7 ± 1.6 procedures per year preoperatively to 1.2 ± 1.8 per year following cranial vault expansion (p=0.030). The mean postoperative follow-up was 4.1 ± 2.1 years and four (30.8%) patients experienced complications within 90 days of surgery, including infection (n=2), CSF leak (n=1), and elevated ICP requiring lumbar puncture (n=1). Four (30.8%) patients underwent repeat cranial vault expansion for recurrence of ICP-related symptoms. At most recent follow-up, 7 of 9 patients with shunted hydrocephalus demonstrated symptomatic improvement.
Conclusion:
Cranial vault expansion reduced intracranial hypertension-related symptomology as well as the rate of CSF diversion-related procedures in patients with refractory IIH and shunted hydrocephalus without craniosynostosis, and should be considered in those who have significant shunt morbidity.
Investigating the Roles of YWHAB in Breast Cancer
Authors: Winstone Lacey , Gatien Beatrice G , GOPAUL VAISHNAVI L , NAULT BRAYDON DARRYL , Sujit Maiti , OPPERMAN REID MORGAN , Majumder Mousumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: miR-526b and miR-655 have been shown to promote aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. Analysis of cell-free secretions of MCF7-miRNA-high cells identified eight differentially secreted proteins, including 14-3-3 Beta (YWHAB). Here, we investigated the roles of YWHAB in breast cancer and tested its potential as a biomarker.
Methods: Breast tumor cell lines MCF7, SKBR3, Hs578T, MCF7-COX2 and stable miRNA-overexpressing MCF7-miR526b, MCF7-miR655, SKBR3-526b cells were used in vitro assays including mRNA, protein expression, and functional assays. In silico data was used to support our findings by identifying potential links between miRNAs and YWHAB and to test diagnostic and prognostic biomarker potential. Biomarker potential was validated using breast tumor biopsy tissue and plasma samples.
Results:
YWHAB expression is significantly upregulated in miRNA-overexpressing cell lines both at total RNA and secretory RNA levels. These miRNAs have previously been shown to increase cell migration. Following YWHAB-KD cell migration and proliferation decreased, E-Cad expression increased, and Vimentin decreased, evidently showing YWHAB involved in EMT. In silico data showed increased expression of YWHAB mRNA in breast cancer biopsy tissue and blood plasma and increased YWHAB protein in breast tumors. High expression of YWHAB is associated with poor breast cancer patient survival. YWHAB expression was measured in breast tissues and blood plasma and found to be significantly high in all advanced stages and hormonal subtypes of tumors, compared to control tissue. YWHABshowed high sensitivity as a tumour biomarker (AUC of 0.7340, p = 0.0012) and in combination with pri-miR526b showed strong potential as a blood biomarker (AUC of 0.711, p = 0.032).
Conclusion:
High expression of YWHAB is associated with poor survival. It can be used as a prognostic marker, and therapeutic target in aggressive cancers to mitigate cell migration. In combination with pri-miR526b, YWHAB is a promising blood biomarker for breast cancer detection.
Characteristic alterations of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in patients with post-stroke depression
Authors: Lu Qiuhong , Lu Shunzu , Wang Xue , Huang Yanlan , Liu Jie , Huang Qiuhui , Huang Hua , Liang Zhijian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The abnormalities in static brain activity in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD) have been widely reported. However, the dynamics of neural activity in PSD remain enigmatic. We investigated the abnormalities in dynamic neural activity in patients with PSD with the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) method. Imaging and clinical data from 25 patients with PSD and 28 without PSD collected from April 2020 to June 2023 were evaluated. The between-group comparisons of dALFF variance and state properties were conducted using a combined approach of sliding window and clustering analysis. The correlation coefficients between abnormal dALFF variance and ALFF in the distinguished regions (DRs) and depression severity of PSD were calculated. Compared with that in patients without PSD, decreased dALFF variance in patients with PSD was mainly located in lower dALFF variance in multiple emotion-related brain regions. The dALFF was clustered into four states in all patients. In particular, state 3 was the remarkably distinct state that dwelled for more time in the PSD group. There was a negative correlation between decreased dALFF variance in the right parietal cortex and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) scores in patients with PSD. ALFF values in the DRs showed no correlation with the HAMD score. Our results suggest that patients with PSD showed characteristic alterations in dynamic regional neural activity, which might be regarded as potential neural mechanisms of PSD. This study demonstrates the dynamic features of neural activity in PSD, which may advance future neuroimaging studies.
Association between Hematocrit in the First Two Hours of Life and Retinopathy during Prematurity: A Retrospective Study from DRYAD
Authors: Kong Xiaohui , Wang Huabin , Yang Ru , Zhang Min , Li Chengshuai , Zhang Rui , Wei Lihua , Xu Jing , Xueyun Ren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
Our study investigated the association between hematocrit in the first two hours (HCT2h) of life and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Methods
Data were obtained from an observational study of the DRYAD database. The study was conducted at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center (SCVMC). Data on preterm babies whose gestational age (GA) was < 34 weeks were collected prospectively from January 2008 to February 2014. Logistic regression was applied to explore the association between HCT2h and ROP.
Results
A total of 326 very preterm infants born at or earlier than 34 weeks were included. The incidence of any ROP was 23.9%, and the incidence of severe ROP was 4.6%. The HCT2h, birth weight, GA, Apgar1 min, and Apgar5 min of any ROP group were significantly lower than those of preterm babies without ROP (p < 0.001). Sex differences, the rate of multiples, and delivery mode between the two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). We classified HCT2h into three levels, and after multivariate logistic regression, we found that high HCT2h remained a significant protective factor against ROP (p < 0.001). Through subgroup analysis, we observed that among preterm infants with a GA of 28 weeks or more, there was a significant inverse association between a 1% increase in HCT2h and a 17% reduction in the occurrence of ROP.
Conclusion
We found that a greater HCT2h was associated with a lower incidence of ROP among preterm infants born between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation.
Trial registration:
This was a retrospective study and the data were from the DRYAD database. Santa Clara Valley Medical Center’s (SCVMC) ethical committee reviewed and approved the studies involving human participants. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. We did not perform any extra interventions.