bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of ERK, JNK, Akt, and G‐protein coupled signaling by hybrid angiotensin II AT1/bradykinin B2 receptors expressed in HEK‐293 cells
Authors: Yu Jun , Lubinsky David , Tsomaia Natia , Huang Zhenhua , Taylor Linda , Mierke Dale , Navarro Javier , Miraz Osman , Polgar Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBradykinin (BK) and angiotensin II (AngII) often have opposite roles in cardiovascular diseases. Our aim here was to construct hybrid receptors which bind AngII but signal as BK. Various sequences of the intracellular face of the AngII type I receptor, AT1R, were replaced with corresponding sequences from the bradykinin B2 receptor (BKB2R). The hybrids demonstrated a number of signaling characteristics of the BKB2R. For example, the hybrids demonstrated BK as opposed to AngII like phosphorylation of Akt and JNK. The hybrids containing the BKB2R intracellular loop 2 (IC2) displayed minimal G‐protein, Gαi/Gαq, linked signaling. Computer based molecular models suggested that Ser‐Met‐Gly from the IC2 of the BKB2R is detrimental for the Gαi/Gαq coupled functions of this hybrid. The return of Lys‐Ser‐Arg of the AT1R to this hybrid led to almost full recovery of Gαi and Gαq activation. The design and production of AT1/BKB2 hybrid receptors is a potential approach in the treatment of hypertension related diseases where the presence of AngII, its AT1 receptor and the consequent signal transduction has proven detrimental. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 192–204, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase Cα is differentially activated during neonatal and adult erythropoiesis and favors expression of a reporter gene under the control of the Aγ globin‐promoter in cellular models of hemoglobin switching
Authors: Di Baldassarre Angela , Di Rico Mariacristina , Di Noia Antonella , Bonfini Tiziana , Iacone Antonio , Marchisio Marco , Miscia Sebastiano , Alfani Elena , Migliaccio Anna Rita , Stamatoyannopoulos George , Migliaccio Giovanni 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPKCα was found to be expressed (mRNA and protein) throughout the in vitro maturation of primary human erythroblasts but its activity (phosphorylation levels and nuclear localization) was consistently higher in cells derived from human neonatal rather than adult blood. Since the γ/γ + β globin expression ratio represented the major difference between neonatal and adult erythroblasts (58 ± 12 vs. 7 ± 3, respectively), we tested the hypothesis that PKCα might affect γ‐globin expression by measuring the levels of Aγ‐ or β‐promoter‐driven reporter activity in erythroid cells stably (GM979) or transiently (K562, primary adult and neonatal erythroblasts) transfected with a dual µLCRβprRlucAγprFluc reporter in the presence of transient expression of either the constitutively active (sPKCα) or catalytically inactive (iPKCα) PKCα. As further control, GM979 cells were incubated with the PKC inhibitor rottlerin (30 µM). In all the cells analyzed, sPKCα significantly increased (by two‐ to sixfold) the levels of luciferase activity driven by the Aγ‐promoter and the Aγ‐F/(Aγ‐F + 2β‐R) expression ratio. In GM979 cells, rottlerin inhibited (by 50%) the Aγ‐driven luciferase activity and the Aγ‐F/(Aγ‐F + 2β‐R) expression ratio. These results suggest that different PKC isoforms may exert ontogenetic‐specific functions in erythropoiesis and that modulation of PKCα might affect the activity of Aγ‐promoter‐driven reporters. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 411–424, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) strains
Authors: Veberic Robert , Zadravec Peter , Stampar Franci 
Published: January 2007

Abstract‘Fuji’ is an attractive apple for consumers owing to its desirable internal (low acidity, high sugar and phenols) and external (firmness, colouration) fruit quality. However, its red colouration is often weak and starts late in the season. Therefore, in 2003 and 2004, three ‘Fuji’ strains, ‘Kiku 7’, Kiku 8' and ‘Naga‐fu 6’, and standard ‘Fuji’ were compared in terms of fruit quality by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis in order to determine their contents of fruit sugar, organic acids and phenols. The % and intensity of red top colour were also analysed. Of the three strains, ‘Kiku 8’ proved to have the best red colouration and accumulated the largest amount of reducing sugars with the lowest quantity of phenols in both years examined. The quality parameters of strains ‘Kiku 7’ and ‘Naga‐fu 6’ fell between those of standard ‘Fuji’ and ‘Kiku 8’. ‘Kiku 8’ may be the most suitable for areas with high variations in daily and nightly temperatures to obtain the best colour development. Under conditions with warm days and cool nights the other strains and standard ‘Fuji’ can develop a proper coloured fruit of high quality. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Managing nitrogen on the farm: the devil is in the detail
Authors: Shepherd Mark , Chambers Brian 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAgricultural activity is a major source of nitrate in surface and ground waters. There has been a large research effort over the last 20 years to understand nitrate leaching processes and to develop ‘best management practices’ (BMPs) that can be adopted in farming systems to reduce losses to the wider environment. This paper reviews some of the issues relating to the development, use and adoption of these BMPs in farming systems. There is significant evidence from farming systems experiments and modelling studies that combinations of BMPs can decrease nitrate losses from agricultural land, though nothing is foolproof (the weather plays a key role in determining success). The challenges are greater in some regions (dry climate, ‘leaky’ soils) and in some enterprises (intensive animal farming systems). The adoption of BMPs on farms requires attention to detail and a high level of management skill, so providing advisory support to farmers is essential. Even with the progress that has been made in recent years, there is still work to do. This includes encouraging uptake on farms and dealing with potential conflicts between BMPs when they create ‘pollution swapping’ or where there is potential for a large economic penalty for the farmer. We also suggest that there is a need for more innovation in developing BMPs and a need to recognise that, in some situations, radical changes to farming systems may be the only solution. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of localised corrosion behaviour of super austenitic stainless steels using dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Nagarajan S. , Tamilselvi S. , Rajendran N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPotentiodynamic polarisation and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (DEIS) measurements were carried out in natural sea water on type 316L SS, Alloy 926 and Alloy 31. In order to study the localised corrosion resistance, the dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in a wide range of potentials covering corrosion potential (OCP or Ecorr), passive region, break down region and dissolution region. In this report we have shown that the impedance measurement in potentiodynamic condition allows simultaneous investigation of the changes in the passive layer structure and the ion transport process that occurs through the passive layer. The Nyquist plots were fitted using nonlinear least square (NLLS) method for different potential regions. Finally, the experimental results of polaraisation data were found in good agreement with that of DEIS measurement.
Multiplicity results near the principal eigenvalue for boundary‐value problems with periodic nonlinearity
Authors: Cañada A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLet us consider the boundary‐value problem
equation image
where g: ℝ → ℝ is a continuous and T ‐periodic function with zero mean value, not identically zero, (λ, a) ∈ ℝ2 and $ \tilde h $ ∈ C [0, π ] with ∫π 0 $ \tilde h $(x) sin x dx = 0. If λ 1 denotes the first eigenvalue of the associated eigenvalue problem, we prove that if (λ, a) → (λ 1, 0), then the number of solutions increases to infinity. The proof combines Liapunov–Schmidt reduction together with a careful analysis of the oscillatory behavior of the bifurcation equation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weak type estimates for some maximal operators on Hardy spaces
Authors: Heo Ya Ryong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe show that the lacunary maximal operator associated to a compact smooth hypersurface on which the Gaussian curvature nowhere vanishes to infinite order maps the standard Hardy space H 1 to L 1,∞ . (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A generalization of a theorem of A. Grothendieck
Authors: Varol Oğuz 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article we characterize the quasi‐barrelledness of the projective tensor product of a coechelon space of type one k 1(A) with a Fréchet space, including homological conditions as exactness properties of the corresponding tensor product functor k 1(A) ·: ℱ → ℒ︁, acting from the category of Fréchet spaces to the category of linear spaces, resp. the vanishing of its first right derivative Tor1π (k 1(A),.). This generalizes and extends a classical theorem of A. Grothendieck ([13, Chap. II, §4, No. 3, Theorem 15]). Further we present an analogous theorem for complete coechelon spaces of type zero and the injective tensor product and results concerning the stronger property of barrelledness. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Meralgia paresthetica caused by hip‐huggers in a patient with aberrant course of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Authors: Park Jong Woong , Kim Dong Hwee , Hwang Miriam , Bun Hye Ryoung 
Published: January 2007

Abstract“Hip‐huggers” may be a precipitating factor for meralgia paresthetica (MP), especially in thin persons with an aberrant pathway of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). We describe a 25‐year‐old woman with a long‐standing history of MP caused by an abnormal course of the LFCN and tight trousers, specifically hip‐huggers. Ultrasonography was useful for detecting the lesion site and the abnormal pathway of the LFCN. After neurectomy of the LFCN, most of the symptoms of MP were relieved, but mild hypesthesia remained in the lateral thigh. Muscle Nerve, 2007
A large german kindred with cold‐aggravated myotonia and a heterozygous A1481D mutation in the SCN4A gene
Authors: Schoser Benedikt G. H. , Schröder J. Michael , Grimm Timo , Sternberg Damien , Kress Wolfram 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMuscle sodium‐channel disorders cover a spectrum of rare myotonic diseases. In a German family with 17 affected individuals in four generations, we identified a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 24 A1481D (c.4442 C>A) of the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene (SCN4A) alpha subunit. Phenotypes of 12 family members were characterized by a mild myotonia with cold sensitivity but without paramyotonia. The index patient presented with fluctuating cold‐ and exercise‐induced stiffness of ocular, facial, and distal muscles. The myotonia became more severe at the age of 22 years. His father had had cold‐ and exercise‐induced periodic weakness with fluctuating myotonia since age 10. Later he developed a more severe, purely exercise‐ and cold‐aggravated myotonia of arms, hands, and facial muscles. The father's mother presented with cold‐induced myotonia until age 65, when progressive weakness of proximal limb muscles developed. Her muscle biopsies revealed considerable myopathic changes with a variety of fine structural alterations. This study presents a family with cold‐aggravated myotonia and progression of myopathic changes in the muscle biopsy with increasing age. In older patients, sodium channelopathies may mimic the phenotypic features of myotonic dystrophy type 2. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Vertex disjoint routings of cycles over tori
Authors: Bermond Jean‐Claude , Yu Min‐Li 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe study the problem of designing a survivable WDM network based on covering the communication requests with subnetworks that are protected independently from each other. We consider here the case when the physical network isT(n), a torus of sizenbyn, the subnetworks are cycles and the communication scheme is all‐to‐all or total exchange (where all pairs of vertices communicate). We will represent the communication requests by a logical graph: a complete graph for the scheme of all‐to‐all. This problem can be modeled as follows: find a cycle partition or covering of the request edges ofK, such that for each cycle in the partition, its request edges can be routed in the physical networkT(n) by a set of vertex disjoint paths (equivalently, the routings with the request cycle form an elementary cycle inT(n)). Let the load of an edge of the WDM network be the number of paths associated with the requests using the edge. The cost of the network depends on the total load (the cost of transmission) and the maximum load (the cost of equipment). To minimize these costs, we will search for an optimal (or quasi optimal) routing satisfying the following two conditions: (a) each request edge is routed by a shortest path overT(n), and (b) the load of each physical edge resulting from the routing of all cycles ofSis uniform or quasi uniform. In this article, we find a covering or partition of the request edges ofKinto cycles with an associated optimal or quasi optimal routing such that either (1) the number of cycles of the covering is minimum, or (2) the cycles have size 3 or 4. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(3), 217–225 2007
The two‐median problem on Manhattan meshes
Authors: Golin Mordecai J. , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe investigate the two‐median problem on a mesh withMcolumns andNrows (M≥N), under the Manhattan (L1) metric. We derive exact algorithms with respect tom,n, andr, the number of columns, rows, and vertices, respectively, that contain requests. Specifically, we give anO(mn2logm) time,O(r) space algorithm for general (nonuniform) meshes (assumingm≥n). For uniform meshes, we give two algorithms both usingO(MN) space. One is anO(MN2) time algorithm, while the other is an algorithm running inO(MNlogN) time with high probability and inO(MN2) time in the worst case assuming the weights are independent and identically distributed random variables satisfying certain natural conditions. These improve upon the previously best‐known algorithm that runs inO(mn2r) time. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(3), 226–233 2007
An approximate BDDC preconditioner
Authors: Dohrmann C. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe balancing domain decomposition by constraints (BDDC) preconditioner requires direct solutions of two linear systems for each substructure and one linear system for a global coarse problem. The computations and memory needed for these solutions can be prohibitive if any one system is too large. We investigate an approach for addressing this issue based on approximating the direct solutions using preconditioners. In order to retain the attractive numerical properties of the exact version of BDDC, some of the preconditioners must possess a property related to the substructure null spaces. We describe a simple method to equip preconditioners with this property. Numerical results demonstrate the usefulness of the approach and confirm the theory. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On successive‐overrelaxation acceleration of the Hermitian and skew‐Hermitian splitting iterations
Authors: Bai Zhong‐Zhi , Golub Gene H. , Ng Michael K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe further generalize the technique for constructing the Hermitian/skew‐Hermitian splitting (HSS) iteration method for solving large sparse non‐Hermitian positive definite system of linear equations to the normal/skew‐Hermitian (NS) splitting obtaining a class of normal/skew‐Hermitian splitting (NSS) iteration methods. Theoretical analyses show that the NSS method converges unconditionally to the exact solution of the system of linear equations. Moreover, we derive an upper bound of the contraction factor of the NSS iteration which is dependent solely on the spectrum of the normal splitting matrix, and is independent of the eigenvectors of the matrices involved. We present a successive‐overrelaxation (SOR) acceleration scheme for the NSS iteration, which specifically results in an acceleration scheme for the HSS iteration. Convergence conditions for this SOR scheme are derived under the assumption that the eigenvalues of the corresponding block Jacobi iteration matrix lie in certain regions in the complex plane. A numerical example is used to show that the SOR technique can significantly accelerate the convergence rate of the NSS or the HSS iteration method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmented GMRES‐type methods
Authors: Baglama James , Reichel Lothar 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGMRES is a popular iterative method for the solution of large linear systems of equations with a square non‐symmetric matrix. The method generates a Krylov subspace in which an approximate solution is determined. We present modifications of the GMRES and the closely related RRGMRES methods that allow augmentation of the Krylov subspaces generated by these methods by a user‐supplied subspace. We choose this subspace to enable the representation of certain known non‐smooth features of the desired solution, such as jumps, or to make it possible to represent certain smooth functions, such as constants or linear functions. The latter choice of augmenting subspace appears to be new. Applications to the solution of both well‐posed and ill‐posed problems are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computing a partial generalized real Schur form using the Jacobi–Davidson method
Authors: Noorden Tycho van , Rommes Joost 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a new variant of the Jacobi–Davidson (JD) method is presented that is specifically designed for real unsymmetric matrix pencils. Whenever a pencil has a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues, the method computes the two‐dimensional real invariant subspace spanned by the two corresponding complex conjugated eigenvectors. This is beneficial for memory costs and in many cases it also accelerates the convergence of the JD method. Both real and complex formulations of the correction equation are considered. In numerical experiments, the RJDQZ variant is compared with the original JDQZ method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct polymerization of surface‐tethered polyelectrolyte layers in aqueous solution via surface‐confined atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Sankhe Amit Y. , Husson Scott M. , Kilbey S. Michael 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe direct polymerization of deprotonated acidic monomers in aqueous solutions was achieved via surface‐confined atom transfer radical polymerization (SC‐ATRP) to produce surface‐tethered polyelectrolyte brushes. Layers of poly(itaconic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) were grown by SC‐ATRP from self‐assembled initiator monolayers of [BrC(CH3)2COO(CH2)11S]2 on gold substrates. The polymer layers were characterized with variable‐angle ellipsometry and external‐reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Without intervention, atom transfer radical polymerization catalysts were deactivated by complexation with the deprotonated acidic monomers, disproportionation, and dissociation during the polymerization of these monomers in water; the result was the cessation of polymer growth. The addition of an alkali salt to the reaction media suppressed catalyst deactivation, allowing polymer layers to increase in thickness linearly for longer periods of time with respect to salt‐free conditions. This result suggested an improved degree of polymerization control. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 566–575, 2007
Cytochrome b gene sequence and structure of Pyrenophora teres and P. tritici‐repentis and implications for QoI resistance
Authors: Sierotzki Helge , Frey Regula , Wullschleger Jürg , Palermo Simona , Karlin Serge , Godwin Jeremy , Gisi Ulrich 
Published: January 2007

AbstractResistance to QoI fungicides in Pyrenophora teres (Dreschsler) and P. tritici‐repentis (Died.) Dreschsler was detected in 2003 in France and in Sweden and Denmark respectively. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of the F129L mutation in resistant isolates of both pathogens. In 2004, the frequency of the F129L mutation in populations of both pathogens further increased. The G143A mutation was also detected in a few isolates of P. tritici‐repentis from Denmark and Germany. In 2005, the F129L mutation in P. teres increased in frequency and geographical distribution in France and the UK but remained below 2% in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Ireland. In P. tritici‐repentis, both mutations were found in a significant proportion of the isolates from Sweden, Denmark and Germany. The G143A mutation conferred a significantly higher level of resistance (higher EC50 values) to Qo inhibitors (QoIs) than did the F129L mutation. In greenhouse trials, resistant isolates with G143A were not well controlled on plants sprayed with recommended field rates, whereas satisfactory control of isolates with F129L was achieved. For the F129L mutation, three different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), TTA, TTG and CTC, can code for L (leucine) in P. teres, whereas only the CTC codon was detected in P. tritici‐repentis isolates. In two out of 250 isolates of P. tritici‐repentis from 2005, a mutation at position 137 (G137R) was detected at very low frequency. This mutation conferred similar resistance levels to F129L. The structure of the cytochrome b gene of P. tritici‐repentis is significantly different from that of P. teres: an intron directly after amino acid position 143 was detected in P. teres which is not present in P. tritici‐repentis. This gene structure suggests that resistance based on the G143A mutation may not occur in P. teres because it is lethal. No G143A isolates were found in any P. teres populations. Although different mutations may evolve in P. tritici‐repentis, the G143A mutation will have the strongest impact on field performance of QoI fungicides. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Raman study of photo‐induced degradation of the Ru(II) complex adsorbed on nanocrystalline TiO2 films
Authors: Gao Kun , Wang DeLiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPhoto‐induced degradation of a monolayer of the Ru(II) complex adsorbed on anatase TiO2 thin films was studied by using resonant micro‐Raman spectroscopy. We developed two contrastive experiments to analyze the degradation mechanism. An exponential decay law was found when the dye was irradiated in the absence of a reducing agent. While the sensitized TiO2 thin film electrode was covered by the I–/I3– redox couple, the dye degradation exhibited a slowed linear decay. The experimental result was compared and the degradation mechanism was analyzed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improving the quality of fresh‐cut pineapples with ascorbic acid/sucrose pretreatment and modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Liu Chia‐Ling , Hsu Cheng‐Kuang , Hsu Ming‐Mei 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effects of pretreatment and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of fresh‐cut pineapples stored at 4°C were evaluated for 7 days. The pretreatment was conducted by immersing the pineapple slices in a solution containing 0.25% ascorbic acid and 10% sucrose for 2min. MAP contained 4% oxygen, 10% carbon dioxide and 86% nitrogen. Both the pretreatment and MAP could reduce the respiration rate, ethylene production, textural and colour deteriorations, as well as the overall sensory deterioration in fresh‐cut pineapples. MAP could restrain the growth of microbes, but the pretreatment showed little effect. Fresh‐cut pineapples exhibited wet surface and off‐flavour after storage at 4°C for 3 days, while the pretreatment and MAP maintained the quality for up to 7 days. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.