bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary isoflavone excretion in Korean adults: comparisons of fermented soybean paste and unfermented soy flour
Authors: Koh Eunmi , Mitchell Alyson E 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study compared the 24 h urinary excretion of isoflavone algycones after the consumption of fermented soybean paste or unfermented soy flour in a population of healthy Koreans (four males and five females). An equivalent amount (20 mg) of total isoflavone was consumed as either 52 g of soybean paste or 12.2 g of soy flour in a randomised, crossover trial consisting of two single‐time‐point feedings and having 3 day run‐in and washout periods between feedings.RESULTS: Analysis of starting materials indicated that daidzein (1.4%) and genistein (1.4%) constituted a smaller proportion of the total isoflavones in soy flour as compared with soybean paste (55.3% daidzein and 45.7% genistein). Free and glycosidic forms of isoflavones differed significantly between the two soy products. Levels of β‐glycosides as well as total glycosides (β‐glycosides, malonyl and acetyl forms) were two‐fold higher in soy flour as compared with soybean paste. Malonyl forms predominated in soy flour.CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of soybean paste resulted in significantly higher urinary excretion of both daidzein and genistein as compared with soy flour (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Erratum: The evolutionary genetics of personality
Authors: Penke Lars , Denissen Jaap J. A. , Miller Geoffrey F. 
Published: July 2007

The above article (DOI:10.1002/per.629) was published online in Early View on 27 April 2007. An error has subsequently been identified in this article. The following two formulas of article PER629 are incorrect: ${\rm formula}\, (3):\, ``[{\rm CV}_{\rm A} = {\rm sqrt}(V_{\rm A} )/M]*100''\, {\rm should\, be}\,\, ``{\rm CV}_{\rm A} = [{\rm sqrt}(V_{\rm A} )/M]*100''$ ${\rm formula}\, (4):\, ``[{\rm CV}_{\rm A}\! = \! {\rm sqrt}(V_{\rm P} *h^2 )/M]* \! 100''\, {\rm should\, be}\,\, ``{\rm CV}_{\rm A} = [{\rm sqrt}(V_{\rm P} *h^2 )/M]*100''$
Multivalency—a way to enhance binding avidities and bioactivity—preliminary applications to EPO
Authors: Vadas Oscar , Rose Keith 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultivalency has advantages over monovalency for binding interactions and even for activity. In particular, avidity is higher since the off‐rate of a multivalent species is much slower than that of a monomer. This is particularly profitable for ligand‐binding receptors that require dimerization for activity, such as the receptor of erythropoietin (EPOR). Peptides that mimic the action of erythropoietin (EPO) have been described with no sequence similarity with the human hormone: erythropoietin mimetic peptide (EMP) and EPO receptor peptide (ERP). These two peptides have similar activity but interact through different sites on the EPOR. Here, we describe the construction of several new synthetic homo‐ and hetero‐dimers based on EMP‐ERP sequences. To link the monomeric molecules together, several monodisperse polyamide linkers of different lengths were synthesized with dialdehyde functionalities. Chemoselective oxime chemistry was used to obtain homogeneous constructs. Certain chemical incompatibilities were dealt with via a protection approach. The oximes are stable under normal conditions and so lend themselves to biological testing. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different knowledge, different benefits: toward a productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in organizations
Authors: Haas Martine R. , Hansen Morten T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe develop a differentiated productivity model of knowledge sharing in organizations proposing that different types of knowledge have different benefits for task units. In a study of 182 sales teams in a management consulting company, we find that sharing codified knowledge in the form of electronic documents saved time during the task, but did not improve work quality or signal competence to clients. In contrast, sharing personal advice improved work quality and signaled competence, but did not save time. Beyond the content of the knowledge, process costs in the form of document rework and lack of advisor effort negatively affected task outcomes. These findings dispute the claim that different types of knowledge are substitutes for each other, and provide a micro‐foundation for understanding why and how a firm's knowledge capabilities translate into performance of knowledge work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A SPICE‐based software supplier qualification mechanism in automotive industry
Authors: Fabbrini Fabrizio , Fusani Mario , Lami Giuseppe , Sivera Edoardo , Sivera Edoardo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCar makers depend more and more on the software they acquire, which has forced them to address the issue of assessing the quality of the acquired software. European car makers approach this issue by checking the capability of the suppliers' software process. Fiat Auto, since the year 2001, has been taking proactive actions to address the situation. The basic strategy has been to set up criteria for qualifying software suppliers based on measuring the capability of their software processes. In this article, this qualification mechanism is described in detail. The innovative aspect of the approach is to consider the results of a SPICE (ISO/IEC 15504) assessment as one of the contractual requirements to let a software company become eligible for software supplies.As a positive effect, the assessments made on the software process have allowed Fiat Auto to select suppliers on the basis of some objective and quantitative evidence of their level of quality. In addition, this initiative has been giving Fiat Auto a deeper knowledge of the way its suppliers produce software: this is a fundamental step to building up the capability of monitoring and driving the software projects in a collaborative effort with the suppliers, which can benefit from having possible improvement opportunities pointed out. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on porosity changes of Lecce stone due to conservation treatments by means of x‐ray nano‐ and improved micro‐computed tomography: preliminary results
Authors: Bugani Simone , Camaiti Mara , Morselli Luciano , Van de Casteele Elke , Janssens Koen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCultural heritage materials are subject to continuous chemical and physical changes depending on the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium with the environment in which they are placed. In particular, different phenomena can take place, such as formation of black crusts, corrosion of the material, internal cracks.Lecce stone, a biocalcarenite mainly used for historical buildings in South Italy, has a high total porosity. In order to prevent its deterioration, different kinds of hydrophobic organic products are applied on the surface of the restored artefacts. Since the efficacy of the treatments depends mostly on the penetration depth and the distribution of the products in the pores, porosity and internal structure of the stone material were mainly investigated in this research. Micro x‐ray computed tomography (µ‐CT) has been used to study and characterize the internal structure of different samples, untreated and treated with protective products. The porosity and other parameters of the rock were then calculated and compared, before and after the conservation treatment, in order to highlight the changes due to the application of the product.On the other hand, small pieces of the untreated and treated samples were analysed by sub‐micron resolution x‐ray tomography where it was possible to see the distribution of the products inside the pores. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sesame Oil. IV. Determination of free and bound sesamol
Authors: Budowski Pierre , O'Connor R. T. , Field E. T. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe Villavecchia test was adapted for the quantitative determination of sesamol in sesame oil. Of the several aromatic aldehydes tested, furfural, in the presence of aqueous sulfuric acid (sp. gr. 1.37 at 15°C.), proved to be the most suitable for the quantitative measurement of the color produced with sesamol.The oil, dissolved in iso‐octane (10 g. per 100 ml.), is shaken with dilute aqueous‐alcoholic potassium hydroxide to remove the free, but not the bound sesamol. The modified Villavecchia test is applied to a) the original iso‐octane solution of the oil, b) the iso‐octane solution after extraction with alkali, and/or c) the aqueous‐alcoholic extract. The optical densities, read at a wavelength of 518 mμ, correspond to the total bound, and free sesamol, respectively.The method was applied to the determination of free, bound, and total sesamol in a number of crude, refined, bleached, and deodorized sesame oils. Agreement between the values for total and free plus bound sesamol was close. Four crude sesame oils of different origins had total contents of sesamol ranging from 0.13 to 0.17%, of which nearly all was in the bound form. The yields of added sesamol varied from 95 to 106%.
Molecularly distilled monoglycerides
Authors: Kuhrt Noel H. , Welch Eileen A. , Kovarik Frank J. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryMonoglyceride concentrates of high purity can be readily prepared by molecular distillation. Their properties are, in general, about what would be expected from the high content of monoglycerides and absence of catalyst.The interfacial tension lowering produced by monoglycerides is essentially proportional to the monoester content of the monoglyceride product. In a water absorption test the unsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides are considerably more active than the monoesters of saturated fatty acids.
The tannin and related pigments in the red skins (Testa) of peanut kernels
Authors: Stansbury Mack F. , Field Elsie T. , Guthrie John D. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe red skins of peanut kernels contain a catecholtype tannin. The purified tannin represented about 7% of the weight of the skins. Much smaller quantities of phlobaphene and so‐called “leuco‐anthocyanic chromogen” were isolated from the skins. Some evidence of the presence of traces of a flavonic‐type pigment was obtained.Spectrophotometric investigations of the isolated tannin, phlobaphene, and “leuco‐anthocyanic chromogen” indicated a close relationship of the three pigments.The tannin gave a water‐soluble red pigment when refluxed with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. This pigment exhibited certain properties which are indicative of an oxonium‐type structure.The elementary analyses and certain properties of the isolated tannin and related pigments were considerably different from those reported by previous investigators. The amorphous nature of these substances makes chemical investigation difficult.
Antioxidant activity of some spice essential oils on linoleic acid oxidation in aqueous media
Authors: Farag R. S. , Badei A. Z. M. A. , Hewedi F. M. , El‐Baroty G. S. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSome spice essential oils (caraway, clove, cumin, rosemary, sage and thyme) and their major constituents were added to emulsified linoleic acid in aqueous media to examine their antioxidant activity. The methods used for measuring linoleic acid oxidation were coupled oxidation ofβ‐carotene, conjugated diene formation and thiobarbituric acid test. The essential oils under study possess an antioxidant effect and this phenomenon was increased by increasing their concentration. Generally, the effectiveness of the various essential oils on linoleic acid oxidation was in the following descending order: caraway >sage>cumin>rosemary>thyme>clove. It appears that there was a relationship between the antioxidant effect and the chemical composition of the oils.
Influence of thyme and clove essential oils on cottonseed oil oxidation
Authors: Farag R. S. , Badei A. Z. M. A. , El Baroty G. S. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimple model systems composed of refined cottonseed oil and thyme oil or clove oil, without additives, were designed to approximate conditions in natural oils in order to study their oxidation behavior. Three methods were used to follow cottonseed oil oxidation, i.e., coupled oxidation withβ‐carotene, the TBA test and hydroperoxide number. The results illustrate that clove and thyme oils at various concentrations exhibit antioxidant activity and this phenomenon for clove oil is superior to that of thyme oil. Sensory evaluation tests indicate that the addition of thyme oil or clove oil to cottonseed oil at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1200 ppm do not affect the odor note of cottonseed oil. Therefore, thyme and clove essential oils are recommended for use as natural antioxidants to suppress lipid oxidation.
A new thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method for determining free malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxides selectively as a measure of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Schmedes A. , Hølmer G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method for selectively determining free malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides is described. Partitioning of MDA and hydroperoxides in a Bligh and Dyer extraction was studied with pure substances. It was shown that MDA was present in the methanol‐water phase exclusively, and the hydroperoxides (polar as well as nonpolar) were found in the chloroform phase. Therefore, the TBA test on these phases determines MDA directly present in the sample and the MDA formed during a ferric ion‐catalyzed cleavage of hydroperoxides, respectively. The MDA present in the methanol‐water phase was not bound to amino groups. Hydroperoxide values obtained with the present method corresponded well with a colorimetric determination of peroxides and showed better linearity for higher amounts of hydroperoxides. The possibility of using an iron chelator for preventing hydroperoxide cleavage during the TBA reaction, making the determination selective for MDA without Bligh and Dyer extraction, was investigated. The iron chelator did not completely inhibit peroxide cleavage; therefore, it is necessary to perform the extraction before the TBA determination. The method is suitable for samples with low fat content such as cod mince.
Search for new industrial oils. X. Seed oils of the calenduleae
Authors: Earle F. R. , Mikolajczak K. L. , Wolff I. A. , Barclay A. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeed oils from 29 species in five genera of the tribe Calenduleae, family Compositae, have been examined to determine the distribution of dimorphecolic acid (9‐hydroxyl‐trans‐10,trans‐12‐octadecadienoic acid) among the close relatives ofDimorphotheca. Dimorphecolic acid occurs in all five of theDimorphotheca species ofOsteospermum in amounts ranging from 34舑75% of the oil. In all other species of the tribe analyzed to date, including 14 species ofOsteospermum, two ofCalendula, and two ofChrysanthemoides, the oil contained conjugated trienoic acids ranging from 14舑60%.
Catalysts for selective hydrogenation of soybean oil. I. An experimental method for evaluating selectivity
Authors: Riesz C. H. , Weber H. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe undesirable flavor reversion properties of soybean oils may be counteracted by selective hydrogenation of the linolenate components. Screening of catalysts for this purpose was accomplished by a standardized laboratory hydrogenation of a refined, bleached soybean oil under atmospheric pressure. A mathematical derivation utilizes analytical chromatographic data to determine linolenate/linoleate reaction rates as a selectivity index SL for a given catalyst.
Separation of triglycerides by column chromatography on silica impregnated with silver nitrate
Authors: de Vries B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSilicagel impregnated with silver nitrate was used for the column‐chromatographic separation of closely related triglycerides. Good results were obtained with 20\s‐100 mg of the following glyceride mixtures:
Dipalmito‐elaidin and dipalmito‐olein.
Tristearin, dipalmito‐olein, stearo‐diolein and triolein.
Dipalmito‐olein and dipalmito‐linolein.
Six well‐separated fractions were obtained by chromatography of palm oil and the total triglyceride composition of the oil was calculated from the composition of the fractions.
Composition of insect waxes. I. Waxes of exotic coccidae:Gascardia madagascariensis, Coccus ceriferus andTachardia lacca
Authors: Faurot‐Bouchet E. , Michel G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractComposition of several coccid waxes has been determined by means of alumina and gas‐liquid chromatography.Coccus ceriferus wax is a mixture of the esters of C26 and C28 alcohols with C24, C26 and C28 acids.Tachardia lacca wax has a high percentage of free alcohols (essentially C28 alcohol);Gascardia madagascariensis wax contains a large proportion of free acids. In addition to C26, C32 and C34 normal chain acids, there are several C30, C32 and C34 hydroxy acids, in which the hydroxyl function is situated in the middle of the hydrocarbon chain. Small proportions of odd and even hydrocarbons are present in all of the waxes investigated.
The properties and performance of poly AO™‐79; A nonabsorbable, polymeric antioxidant intended for use in foods
Authors: Furia Thomas E. , Bellanca Nicolo 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryThe physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Poly AO™‐79, a composition selected from a class of polymers prepared by the polycondensation of divinylbenzene and a blend of various sterically hindered phenols and hydroquinone, are discussed. Data are presented indicating that Poly AO™‐79 demonstrates excellent antioxidant activity in stabilizing vegetable oils when compared to monomeric food grade antioxidants [butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)] as measured by the active oxygen method (AOM) and oxygen bomb test. Stability tests using thermogravimetric analysis indicate that the material is not depolymerized in the presence of air at temperatures up to 300 C while BHT, BHA, and TBHQ are completely volatilized at 150–170 C. Using14C‐radiolabeled antioxidants, the physical losses of Poly AO™‐79 from frying oil heated to 190 C is nil while 65% and 80% losses are incurred with BHA after 1 and 2 hr holding time, respectively. The physical carry‐through of Poly AO™‐79 onto potatoes from frying oil at 190 C is quantitative as compared to ca. 20% losses with BHA and TBHQ. Sensory panel tests reflect that the carry‐through of Poly AO™‐79 is in an active form as evidenced by the prolonged shelf‐life of chips fried in oil containing Poly AO™‐79 as compared to BHA and TBHQ. Rats and mice orally dosed with14C‐radiolabeled antioxidants indicate that Poly AO™‐79 is virtually not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (ca. 0.2–0.6%) while monomeric antioxidants are readily transported (80–100%). Acute oral and intraperitoneal toxicity tests indicate that Poly AO™‐79 is without effect at the highest dose tested (10 g/kg body weight).
Selective hydrogenation of soybean oil. VIII. Effect of method of preparation upon the activity of a copper‐silica catalyst
Authors: Koritala S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryA copper‐silica catalyst was prepared by adding copper nitrate solution to sodium silicate. The precipitated copper‐silica catalyst was washed, dried, and heat‐treated at high temperatures. The effect of preparational variables upon catalyst activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of soybean oil was investigated. The optimum conditions were precipitation at 25 to 55 C, drying the catalyst by freeze drying, and heat treatment at 500 C. The catalyst obtained under these conditions is more than three times as active as a commercial copper‐chromite catalyst.
Effect of degumming conditions on removal and quality of soybean lecithin
Authors: List G. R. , Avellaneda J. M. , Mounts T. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA commercially extracted crude soybean oil (570 ppm phosphorus, 1.74% acetone insolubles) was degummed in the laboratory under a wide range of reaction conditions (water concentration, temperature, time and agitation). The reaction conditions were correlated with phosphorus removal from the oil as well as with color and acetone‐insoluble content of the gum fraction. Efficiency of removal of phosphorus‐containing compounds was independent of time, temperature and agitation. Water concentration had the most significant effect on removal of phosphorus from crude soybean oil. Some darkening of the lecithin was observed at temperatures above 60 C and with increased agitation. Individual conditions of time and temperature had relatively little effect on the acetone‐insoluble content of the gums. Low agitation rates and water in concentrations of other than 2% (either more or less) entrained excessive amounts of oil in the gums. Under our experimental conditions, the optimal conditions with respect to phosphorus removal, lecithin color and acetone‐insoluble content are estimated to be: time‐short (15 min); agitation‐moderate to rapid (400 rpm); temperature‐60 C; water concentration‐2% or an amount close to the phosphatide content of the crude oil. Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide to produce single‐bleached lecithin was investigated. From limited data, it appears that when degumming and bleaching are performed simultaneously, effectiveness of bleaching is a function of peroxide concentration and time. Thus, longer degumming times are required to prepare bleached lecithin compared to unbleached products.
Polyphenols in olive oils
Authors: Gutfinger T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe levels of total polyphenols and o‐diphenols were determined in virgin oils and in chloroform/methanol‐extracted oils. The solventextracted oils were richer in polyphenols than the virgin oils. High polyphenol content was associated with a high resistance to oxidation of the oils. A linear relationship was found between polyphenol content and the oxidative stability of the virgin oils during storage at 60 C. After removal of the polyphenols, the oxidative stability of the oils decreased considerably and seemed to depend on polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration.
Comparative study of methods of determining oil content of sunflower seed
Authors: Robertson J. A. , Windham W. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn extraction‐gravimetric method (AOCS Official Method Ai 3‐75) was compared with 2 instrumental techniques, near‐infrared reflec‐tance (NIR) spectroscopy and wide‐line nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), for the determination of the oil content of oilseed‐type hybrid sunflower seed. Eight sunflower seed samples of varying oil contents, replicated 5 times, were analyzed by the 3 procedures. The overall mean oil contents and standard deviations for the 8 samples were: AOCS method, 44.5% ± 0.33%; NMR, 44.8% ± 0.27%; and NIR, 44.2% ± 0.81%. Analysis of variance of the means of the 3 methods of analysis indicated no difference (p>0.05) in oil content due to the method. However, there was a difference (p>0.001) in total oil content due to replicated analyses of the same sample with the NIR method. With the AOCS and NMR methods, no effect (p>0.05) of replicated analyses of the same sample was found. The NMR method was more precise and repro‐ducible than the other 2 methods. Although the NIR mean oil contents were not significantly different from the means of the other 2 methods, the coefficient of variations for all samples were consistently higher for the NIR analyses than for the AOCS and NMR analyses.