bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of processing of rapeseed upon its anti‐thyroid activity and the utilisation of its protein
Authors: Eyre Michael D. , Smithard Ronald R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of crusning and of heat‐treatment of high‐glucosinolate rapeseed (cv. Jet Neuf) by infrared, microwave or hot‐air oven upon the utilisation of protein and upon the anti‐thyroid activity, measured in terms of thyroid weight and plasma tri‐iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations, were studied and comparisons made with crushed and untreated low glucosinolate rapeseed (Canola) and also with extruded soya bean. All treatments of Jet Neuf reduced net protein utilisation; crushing Jet Neuf produced the most severe deterioration. Jet Neuf also had greater anti‐thyroid activity. However, anti‐thyroid activity and protein utilisation were not highly correlated. None of the treatments applied to Jet Neuf produced improvements in protein utilisation or diminished anti‐thyroid activity.
The behaviour and blood profile of bulls which produce dark cutting meat
Authors: Warriss Paul D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThirty British Friesian bulls (12 months old), in groups of 6 or 12, were mixed with unfamiliar animals for 16 h preslaughter. Before and during mixing, blood samples were collected and behaviour was monitored. The ultimate pH (pHu) was measured in the m. Longissimus dorsi (LD) 24 h after slaughter. Thirteen carcasses were dark cutting (DC, pHu≧6) and 17 were normal (pHu<6). DC carcasses came from animals which exhibited over twice the total number of agonistic interactions (P<0.001) and showed more dominant behaviour (P<0.001) than animals producing normal carcasses. There was no difference in the blood profile of DC and normal bulls before mixing. However, DC bulls had higher levels of creatine phosphokinase (P<0.001), free fatty acids (P<0.001) and β‐hydroxybutyrate (P<0.01) in the blood samples collected after mixing. Overall, pHu was correlated with total activity (r=0.71, P<0.001) and dominance scores (r=0.70, P<0.001). The conclusion is that the cause of DC in mixed groups of bulls is primarily behavioural. Muscle glycogen stores are depleted when blood‐borne metabolites are inadequate to fuel the intense or prolonged muscular activity associated with agonistic behaviour.
Evaluation of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for beef blood serum to determine indirectly the apparent beef content of beef joints and model mixtures
Authors: Griffiths Neil M. , Billington Melvyn J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEvaluation of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the indirect quantification of beef using antibodies to blood serum is described. Results obtained using model mixtures of known composition agreed well with their calculated beef contents. Other meats, rusk and soya flour displayed negligible interference. Apparent percentages of beef based on blood sera levels were determined on 24 different joints of beef using a leg of beef as the standard reference material. A wide variation in the apparent percentage of beef was observed (54.4 to 175.7%) from one joint to another. The results suggest that a quantitative determination of beef in meat products using this particular antisera is not possible, unless the actual cut of beef used is known. The variation in the quantity of blood serum from one joint to another together with deterioration of the blood serum appear to be major problems. Although the method does not appear to be applicable to the quantification of beef it seems to provide a good qualitative test for beef.
The replacement value of triticale for barley in layer diets with or without rice pollard
Authors: Karunajeewa Hector , Tham Sing H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn a factorial experiment, the laying performance of White Leghorn hens given diets in which triticale replaced 100, 50 or 0% of barley either in the presence or absence of 210 g kg−1 rice pollard and with two levels (2.5 and 3.5 g kg−1) of methionine was examined. The replacement of barley with triticale had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight or feed conversion efficiency. The inclusion of 210 g kg−1 rice pollard increased the weight (P < 0.01) and reduced the yolk colour (P<0.01) of eggs. Neither triticale nor barley had a significant effect on liver weight and lipid content. Triticale increased the palmitoleic acid content but had no significant effect on the content of other fatty acids in the liver and yolk lipids. Rice pollard increased the concentration of linoleic and arachidonic acids in liver and yolk lipids while the concentrations of myristic, palmitoleic and oleic acids were decreased. Increasing the level of methionine from 2.5 to 3.5 g kg−1 in diets with either triticale or barley or rice pollard had no significant effect on any of the egg production characteristics.
Large‐scale purification and characterisation of pea globulins
Authors: Gueguen Jacques , Vu Anh T. , Schaeffer François 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPea globulins, vicilin and legumin were isolated by chromatography on DEAE Sepharose and Ultrogel ACA 34. The procedure was carried out on a preparative scale and used to purify about 5 g of each globulin for a separation cycle. The purity of the vicilin and legumin was verified by immunoelectrophoretic and ultracentrifuge analysis.
Composition and nutritive value of cormels of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Authors: Hussain Muhammed , Norton Grenville , Neale Roger J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe nutritional quality of the cormels of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cultivar ‘Guavir’ was determined chemically and biologically in feeding experiments with weanling rats. The contents of starch and unavailable carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) were 54 and 15% of the dry matter respectively. Lipid accounted for less than 1% of the dry matter. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acids in the lipids, with linoleic acid predominating. The content and fatty acid composition of the individual lipids was examined. Crude protein amounted to 10.4% of the dry matter. This protein was low in the sulphurcontaining amino acids and tryptophan, but contained adequate levels of the other essential amino acids. Diets containing raw cormel meal gave severely depressed net protein utilisation (NPU) and total nitrogen and carbohydrate digestibility when fed ad libitum to weanling rats. Both NPU and nitrogen and carbohydrate digestibility improved when the cormel meal was cooked prior to inclusion in the diets but such diets still did not support growth in weanling rats.
Specific weight and wheat quality
Authors: Hook Simon C. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUK winter and spring wheats were studied to establish correlations between specific weight and flour yield. In general, correlations were poor and could not be used for predicting flour yield from specific weight. Specific weight/flour yield relationships are influenced by year, growing site, variety and endosperm texture. The moisture content and moisture history of wheat influences its specific weight, and no universal factor can be applied to correct specific weight results to a fixed moisture basis. Individual wheats exhibit their own correction factors and these are different for wheats that have been dried or damped. 1000 kernel weight was not found to be a suitable alternative to specific weight for flour yield prediction.
The distribution of calcium in apples with watercore
Authors: Perring Michael A. , Pearson Keith , Martin Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe transverse distribution of calcium across median slices of Cox's Orange Pippin apples affected by watercore was compared with that in slices from the remaining bulked sound fruit in samples at harvest. Concentrations of calcium were lower in all zones of apples with watercore. In affected apples, proportions of calcium were higher in the outer zones and much lower in the core zones.
Some effects of fibre and starch on the determination of protein quality
Authors: Eyre Michael D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn assessment was carried out of the effects of an increase in the amount of fibre, as cellulose, and of a replacement of maize starch by potato starch in diets containing egg albumen as the sole protein, on the determination of true digestibility (TD) and biological value (BV). An increase in the fibre content of the diet at the expense of maize starch led to a rise in both fascal and urinary N excretion, with diets containing either 20 or 80 g egg albumen kg−1. However, the response of the rats to increasing fibre concentration in the diet was different for the two levels of protein probably due to differences in dry matter intake (DMI). It was found that the conventional method of estimating metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) was not adequate for diets of decreasing digestibility; TD decreased by 0.35% for a rise of 1% cellulose in the diet. A more accurate method of estimating MFN was derived from a relationship between the N in the faeces and the digestibility of the diet. The increase in urinary N excretion led to a decrease of 0.41% in BV for a 1% rise in the cellulose concentration of the diet. It appears, therefore, that the ratio of digestible to indigestible matter in the diet affects the determination of protein quality. The replacement of maize starch by potato starch in the diet caused an increase in faecal N excretion and a decrease in urinary N excretion until a level of 200 g potato starch kg‐1 was reached. This affected the determination of TD and BV accordingly. An increase in the size of the caecum of the rats fed potato starch indicated that increased fermentation may have resulted in production of additional bacterial cells to be excreted in the faeces. Thus, both the amount of fibre and the type of starch in the diet affect the determination of protein quality.
Determination of starch and lipid in pea flour by near infrared reflectance analysis. the effect of pea genotype on starch and lipid content
Authors: Davies Anthony M. C. , Coxon David T. , Gavrel Gillian M. , Wright David J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEquations were derived for predicting starch and lipid content of pea varieties from near infrared data measured on a filter instrument (Technicon InfraAlyzer 400). The accuracy of the predictions were tested against separate data sets and were found to be better than ±2.6% for starch (range 20–45%) and ±0.3% for lipid (range 1.4–3.3%). Together with the previous work on the near infrared determination of protein it is possible to analyse rapidly for three components important to a plant breeding programme. The study has also demonstrated a clear‐cut delineation between round and wrinkled pea genotypes.
The physiological responses to fighting in pigs and the consequences for meat quality
Authors: Warriss Paul D. , Brown Steven N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEighty commercial hybrid pigs (55 kg) consisting of equal numbers of boars and castrates were slaughtered after a 24 h fast, having been transported 48 km to the abattoir and laired for 1 h. During transport and lairage, pigs from different rearing pens were mixed and some fought. Photographs of each carcass were scored for the degree of fighting damage. The greater the damage the higher were the concentrations of cortisol (P<0.001), glucose (P<0.01) and lactate (P<0.001) in blood collected from the pigs at slaughter. The amount of ascorbic acid was lower (P<0.05) in the adrenal glands from pigs which showed most evidence of fighting. The pH45 in the m.longissimus dorsi, its colour and the loss of drip during storage were not significantly related to the amount of fighting but the pHu in both the m.semimembranosus and m.adductor was higher (P<0.05) in the carcasses showing greatest damage. There was a tendency for boars to show more carcass damage but there were no significant differences between the sexes in the measures of meat quality.
Some physical and chemical characteristics of Sri Lankan nutmeg oil
Authors: Sarath‐Kumara Subaddarage J. , Jansz Errol R. , Dharmadasa Hearath M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractApproximately 80 samples of Sri Lankan nutmeg oil (both industrially produced and laboratory distilled) were examined for relative density, optical rotation and refractive index and also analysed by gas chromatography. Results showed that although the oil resembled the West Indies type nutmeg oil rather than the East Indies type it had distinguishing features. Results of studies on industrially produced samples were as follows: relative density (30°/30°C). 0.8690±0.0085; optical rotation (30°C), 31.7±2.7°; refractive index (30°C). 1.4726±0.0024; sabinene content, 38.9±12.7%; myristicin content, 2.3% (mean); and elemicin content, 1.2% (mean). On the basis of these studies there appears to be a strong case for revising the Sri Lanka Standard for nutmeg oil, Sri Lanka, which at the present time lays down specifications similar to that of the East Indies oil.
The effect of dietary starch on the digestion by sheep of cell wall monosaccharide residues in maize silage
Authors: Ben‐Ghedalia Daniel , Rubinstein Aharon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe digestibility of individual cell wall monosaccharide residues from maize silage (MS) and from maize silage + concentrate (MS+con) diets, was examined in sheep equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulas. Dry matter digestibility was 73.8 and 86.6% in the MS and MS+con treatments, respectively. The overall digestibility of cell walls (CW) and CW monosaccharide residues was not depressed in the MS+con treatment. The values for total CW, CW glucose, CW uronic acid and for total xylose were 68.3, 77.0, 71.6 and 65.2 for MS and 69.4, 80.3, 75.3 and 63.7 for MS+con, respectively. However, the digestion of CW and CW monosaccharide residues in the rumen of the MS+con sheep was reduced and the contribution of the lower tract to the digestion of the potentially digestible CW‐sugar residues was in the range of 15 to 20%. Digestibility of the soluble uronic acid was adversely affected by the concentrate, its digestibility being reduced from 88.6% in the MS to 68.7% in the MS+con treatment. Based on compositional considerations, it is envisaged that the CW structural unit of the ensiled maize plant is made of cellulose fibres enveloped by a thin, poorly lignified and penetrable matrix. The degree of branching of the matrix polysaccharides is low compared with other forage plants. It is suggested that the above mentioned properties significantly contribute to the high quality of the ensiled maize plant.
Physiological deterioration of cassava roots
Authors: Rickard June E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRapid post‐harvest physiological deterioration of cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz) appears to be due essentially to wound responses, comparable to those observed in other plant storage organs. The wound responses observed include: increased activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, an enzyme associated with phenol biosynthesis; increased activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase; formation of phenols/polyphenols including leucoanthocyanidins, catechins, sco‐poletin and condensed tannins, and often the formation of a wound periderm. In cassava, the responses did not remain localised at wound surfaces in roots when held at low storage humidity but spread through the roots causing a discolouration of the vascular tissue and storage parenchyma. Roots stored at high humidity showed a more typical wound response with localised production of phenols and periderm formation.
Purification of a lipase from the hepatopancreas of oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps linnaeus) and its characteristics and properties
Authors: Mukundan M. K. , Gopakumar K. , Nair M. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLipase has been purified from the hepatopancreas of oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) by defatting, water extraction, ammonium sulphate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE Sephadex and Sephadex G‐100. The preparation was homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and on gel filtration through Sephacryl S‐200. The enzyme showed a molecular weight of 54000±57000 with 6.1% of carbohydrate. The pH and temperature optima of purified sardine lipase were 8 and 37°C respectively. Sardine lipase remained stable up to 45°C (15 min) and in the pH range 5 to 9.5. The Km values obtained for the substrates tributyrin and triacetin were 4 × 10−2 and 30 × 10−2, respectively. The effect of halogens and various metal ions on sardine lipase activity, substrate specificity, amino acid and carbohydrate composition are also reported.
A comparison of the aromas of six coffees characterised by conventional profiling, free‐choice profiling and similarity scaling methods
Authors: Williams Anthony A. , Arnold Gillian M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA selected panel, trained in sensory procedures, used a previously developed vocabulary to profile the aromas of six ground coffees. The same coffees were also examined by a different panel of assessors not familiar with coffees, using free‐choice profiling and, on a separate occasion, similarity scaling procedures. The data from the three experiments were independently subjected to the appropriate statistical techniques to produce two‐dimensional diagrams showing the interrelationships of the samples. All three procedures produced similar information both in respect to the way the coffees grouped and differed from one another. The paper concludes by discussing the assessor variation associated with each of the procedures and shows that free choice profiling compares very favourably with the other two.
Esterases as genetic markers in finger millet
Authors: Upadhya Aravinda , Govardhan Lakshmi K. , Veerabhadrappa Patnagere S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDifferent varieties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) were screened for esterase activity colorimetrically and electrophoretically using 1‐naphthyl acetate and acetylthiocholine chloride as substrates. The Indian brown seed coat variety (Purna), the Indian white seed coat variety (Hamsa), hybrids of these designated as HPB (brown) and HPW (white), African varieties (brown) and Indian‐African hybrid varieties (brown) all exhibited 1‐naphthyl acetate hydrolysing activity and showed 6,5,6,5,8 and 8 esterolytic bands respectively on gel electrophoresis. The white seed coat varieties, both parental (Hamsa) and hybrid (HPW), did not possess any acetylthiocholine chloride hydrolysing activity while all the brown seed coat varieties did, the African varieties having greater activities than Indian brown seed coat varieties. Thus, the demonstrable variation in esterase isozymic pattern and cholinester hydrolysing activity with the varieties tested provides a useful genetic marker for identifying different varieties of finger millet.
Effect of tertiarybutylhydroquinone on lipid oxidation in fish crackers
Authors: Ahmad Shamsuddin , Augustin M. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of tertiarybutylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in retarding lipid oxidation in fish crackers fried in refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein (RBD olein) during storage was evaluated. The indices of lipid oxidation used were the peroxide and p‐anisidine values and u.v. absorbances at 232 and 268 nm of oil extracted from fish crackers stored at 60°C. Two methods for TBHQ incorporation into the fish crackers were used. Fish crackers that were prepared by frying of fish chips in RBD olein containing TBHQ were more stable towards oxidative rancidity than control fish crackers prepared with RBD olein without TBHQ. The rate of lipid oxidation in fish crackers prepared from fish chips that were made with TBHQ in the dough formulation and fried in RBD olein without TBHQ was slightly higher than in control fish crackers. A storage study carried out at room temperature (30°C) showed the same trend in relative rates of lipid oxidation. The study showed that the incorporation of TBHQ into the frying medium was an effective means of retarding the onset of rancidity in fried fish crackers while the incorporation of TBHQ into the dough mixture made the fish cracker slightly more susceptible towards lipid oxidative reactions.
Automated analytical method for the determination of individual sugars in mixtures of glucose, fructose and sucrose
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed M. , Mardon Christopher J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn automated colorimetric method, using p‐hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide and 2‐thiobarbituric acid as colour reagents for the determination of total reducing sugars and fructose respectively, is described. The normal measurement range of reducing sugars is 50–1500 mg litre−1, but with a simple modification of the autoanalyser arrangement it can be reduced to 1–30 mg litre−1 or increased to 500–6000 mg litre−1 without affecting the linearity of the calibration curve. Recovery of sugars by the known addition technique using this method range from 97 to 104%. The method is applicable for the joint determination of glucose, fructose and sucrose in fruits, vegetables and fermentation liquors.
Microbial dynamics during aerobic deterioration of silages
Authors: Lindgren Sven , Pettersson Kjell , Kaspersson Anders , Jonsson Anders , Lingvall Per 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFactors affecting microbial dynamics during aerobic deterioration of silages were evaluated in laboratory, pilot‐scale and full‐scale experiments. Yeasts usually caused the initial deterioration but in some samples with fairly good storage stability (>10 days) the activity was associated with the growth of moulds and bacteria. At a later stage, and especially at higher temperatures (>40°C), the activity was caused by bacilli. The increase in pH as a result of lactate metabolism permitted the growth of Enterobacteria. Evaluation of storage stability in samples from different levels in a bunker silo indicated low stability in surface samples and fairly good stability in samples from 160cm depth. The surface samples contained higher numbers (100–1000 times) of yeasts but the pH levels were similar.The establishment of yeasts during storage is probably due to diffusion of oxygen by leakage through the plastic cover. Compared with a plastic cover (0.1mm polythene), a rubber seal improved storage stability in laboratory silage (pH4.0) inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and infected with Candida albicans. An increase in acid content and a reduction in pH (3.7) by means of an efficient inoculant did not seem to increase the storage potential under the conditions described above. The content of adenosine triphosphate has been used as a measure of microbial activity during aerobic deterioration of silages. The main activity was concentrated at the surface (0–5cm). At 20°C, the activity was about ten times higher at the surface than at a depth of 30cm; above 30°C it was about 100 times higher.
β‐gliadin proteins from Maris Widgeon wheat
Authors: Khan Ahmed S. , Waldron Norman M. , Thiang Lek C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFour β‐gliadins have been isolated from the English wheat, Maris Widgeon by Sephadex SP C25 ion‐exchange chromatography of the gliadin mixture followed by G‐75 or G‐100 gel‐filtration of either the native or reduced and alkylated proteins. Amino acid analyses of the proteins indicate similar compositions of β2‐ and β4‐gliadins and also of β3‐ and β5‐gliadins. Minimal molecular weights from amino acid analysis for all four proteins lie within the range 28000 to 30000.