bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and echocardiographic findings in 10 dogs with vegetative bacterial endocarditis
Authors: Elwood C. M. , Cobb M. A. , Stepien R. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTen cases of bacterial endocarditis in the dog were studied by retrospective analysis of case records. Diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis was based on either strict clinical criteria or post mortem examination. A wide spectrum of presenting signs was seen including pyrexia, lameness, epistaxis, haemoptysis and dyspnoea. Haematological and biochemical abnormalities were non‐specific and were attributed to the effects of septicaemia, embolism or chronic inflammation. Haemostatic abnormalities and, or, severe dysrhythmias appeared to be associated with a significantly poorer prognosis. Blood cultures were positive in four cases of eight that were cultured. Lesions compatible with bacterial endocarditis were detected in all eight cases that underwent echocardiographic examination. Right‐sided vegetations present in two dogs were not detected by echocardiography. Two‐dimensional echocardiography is a useful technique for the detection of vegetative endocarditis in the dog and allows rapid therapeutic intervention while blood culture results are pending.
Measurements on the lumbosacral junction in normal dogs and those with cauda equine compression
Authors: Schmid V. , Lang J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTComparative measurements on lateral plain radiographs of the lumbosacral junction in neutral position, in flexion, and in extension, were made of 41 clinically and radiographically normal dogs (21 German shepherd dogs [GSDs], 12 Bernese mountain dogs, eight labrador retrievers) and 58 GSDs with clinical signs of cauda equina compression due to malformation and, or, malarticulation. The comparison of these measurements between sexes, between normal and affected GSDs and between normal GSDs and the two other breeds of dogs showed several statistically significant results. One was that the affected GSDs showed a reduced flexion ability at this junction compared to the normal ones. However, no difference was observed in the degree of sub‐luxation of the sacrum between normal and affected GSDs. It was concluded that plain radiographs of the lumbosacral junction in flexion could help in determining a reduced flexion ability, which could be a characteristic of the GSD with cauda equina compression.
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in the dog: A review of 30 cases
Authors: Ness M. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLumbosacral disorders were diagnosed in 43 dogs over a five‐year period. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis was found to be the cause in 30 dogs. The clinical, radiographic and myelographic findings in these dogs are reviewed and the results of conservative and surgical treatment presented. Low back pain was found to be the most important presenting sign. Only seven dogs (23 per cent) presented with a significant neurological abnormality and 15 dogs (50 per cent) showed no detectable neurological deficit. The problems associated with the definitive diagnosis of this disorder and its significance as a cause of pain and lameness in the hindquarters of large dogs are discussed.
Gastroscopic food sensitivity testing in 17 dogs
Authors: Elwood C. M. , Rutgers H. C. , Batt R. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSeven of 17 dogs with gastrointestinal signs and suspected dietary intolerance had positive responses to gastroscopic food sensitivity testing (GFST). Five of the non‐responders and six of the dogs that responded to GFST were successfully treated with dietary control alone. The seventh dog that responded to GFST had an ileal adenocarcinoma and did not survive to follow‐up. Local reactions to GFST included mucosal oedema, mucosal hyperaemia and gastric hyperperistalsis and systemic reactions consisted of hyperventilation and retching. The character of the responses to GFST is consistent with a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to the food antigen, suggesting that IgE may mediate dietary sensitivity in some dogs. Positive responses to GFST may, therefore, demonstrate gastric mucosal hypersensitivity to food antigens and be useful in formulating therapeutic diets; negative responses need to be interpreted with caution. The limitations of the procedure are that it requires a videoendoscopy system, may significantly add to general anaesthetic time and will only detect immediate reactions.
Lymphangiosarcoma associated with hyonatraernia and hyperkalaemia in a dog
Authors: Lamb W. A. , Muir P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLymphangiosarcoma was diagnosed in a 13‐year‐old castrated male terrier cross dog. Clinical and laboratory evaluation revealed concurrent hypovolaemia, hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia. Plasma cortisol and aldosterone concentrations excluded hypoadrenocorticism as the cause of these changes. The laboratory abnormalities may be associated with isotonic fluid loss and a transient defect in renal potassium excretion.
Use of contact plates for the quantitative culture ofMalassezia pachydermatisfrom canine skin
Authors: Bond R. , Collin N. S. , Lloyd D. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTheMalassezia pachydermatispopulations of the axilla and groin of 12 normal and 12 atopic dogs were compared using tape‐strips and contact plates. When assessed by either method, the mean density of yeasts in the groin of the atopic dogs was significantly greater (P<0.05) than that of the normal dogs, suggesting that the cutaneous microenvironment of the groin region of the atopic dogs favoured colonisation by this yeast. Differences between the counts from the axilla were not significant. The frequency of isolation of yeasts from both dogs and sites was significantly higher (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively) in the atopic group. There was a very highly significant correlation (P<0.001) between the tape‐strip counts and contact plate counts in the atopic group only. This study suggests that isolation of numerousM pachydermatiscolonies from the axilla and groin of dogs using contact plates is indicative of elevated skin surface populations. The simplicity of the contact plate method makes it suitable for the routine quantitative culture of cutaneousM pachydermatispopulations in dogs with dermatological disease.
Delimitation of safe corridors for the insertion of external fixator pins in the dog 2: Forelimb
Authors: Marti J. M. , Miller A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAnatomical dissections of fresh canine fore‐limb specimens were carried out on the brachium and antebrachium and cross sections of the antebrachium to identify the location of safe corridors for external skeletal fixator pin insertion. Those areas and lines for safe, hazardous and unsafe corridors were defined and measured along the canine forelimb. Recommendations are made on the safe and effective use of fixator frames in the canine humerus and radius. The canine humerus was considered a concentric bone and no safe corridors could be identified. However, safe areas and lines are described. The distal two‐thirds of the medial aspect of the canine radius represents a safe corridor.
Toxoplasma pneumonia in a cat with incongruous serological test results
Authors: Sardinas J. C. , Chastain C B. , Collins B. K. , Schmidt D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 12‐year‐old neutered male domestic short‐haired cat was presented for rapid breathing, lethargy of two weeks duration and chronic weight loss. A diagnosis of toxoplasma‐induced pneumonia was made based on clinical signs, laboratory data, radiology, immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology and isolation of the organism from a lung aspirate. A passive haemagglutination test to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against toxoplasma was negative. The reliability of agglutination tests, to accurately diagnose an acute toxoplasma infection is questioned. In acute infections the use of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for IgM may be more specific.
Panniculitis associated with pancreatic necrosis in a dog
Authors: Paterson S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐year‐old male labrador cross was presented with lethargy, pyrexia and multiple nonpruritic draining skin lesions. The dog had sterile nodular panniculitis which, at necropsy, was found to be associated with a bile duct carcinoma leading to pancreatic necrosis.
Supraspinatus and biceps brachii tendinopathy in dogs
Authors: Muir P. , Johnson K. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCalcifying tendinopathy was seen on radiographic views of the scapulohumeral joint in 12 of 183 (7 per cent) dogs reviewed retrospectively. Calcifying tendinopathy was identified only in large breed dogs, five being labradors. All the affected dogs, except one, were presented for unilateral thoracic limb lameness, which was typically of a chronic and intermittent pattern. Pain on manipulation of the scapulohumeral joint in the lame leg was present in eight of 12 dogs (67 per cent). Calcification of the supraspinatus tendon was seen in eight dogs and calcification of the biceps brachii tendon was seen in the other four dogs. Radiographic changes indicative of biceps brachii tendon avulsion were found in conjunction with calcification of the contralateral biceps brachii tendon in two dogs. Filling defects, indicative of bicipital tenosynovitis, were also seen in positive contrast arthrograms of two dogs with biceps brachii calcification. Of the eight dogs for which radiographic views of both scapulohumeral joints were available, six dogs had bilateral radiographic signs of calcifying tendinopathy. Overall, radiographic signs of calcifying tendinopathy were seen in 18 scapulohumeral joints, but lameness was apparent in only nine limbs, suggesting the lesion may at times be asymptomatic. Further prospective investigation of calcifying tendinopathy is needed to determine why lameness does not always appear to be associated with the presence of the lesion.
Canine oral malignant melanoma: Prognostic utility of an alternative staging system
Authors: Hahn K. A. , DeNicola D. B. , Richardson R. C. , Hahn E. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTReports of prognosis based on clinical staging of canine oral malignant melanoma consistently differ. To determine the prognostic utility of the World Health Organization (WHO) tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) system and a proposed alternative staging system, a retrospective study of 41 dogs with naturally occurring oral malignant melanoma was conducted. All the tumours were clinically staged, removed surgically and the tissues histologically reviewed. Treatment responses were correlated with the clinical and histological features reported to have prognostic utility. Dogs presenting with a tumour smaller than 8 cm3, located on the rostral mandible or caudal maxilla, and, or, having a tumour mitotic index of 3 or less had a significantly longer remission length and survival time than did other dogs, regardless of the treatment selected. Treatment by radical surgical excision (eg, hemimandibulectomy) resulted in longer remission lengths and survival times than any other type of treatment regardless of whether or not surgical margins were determined to be free of residual tumour. The WHO system failed to identify a prognostic difference between dogs of a differing clinical stage. An alternative system derived from significant features mentioned above did identify a prognostic difference and is recommended for further evaluation regarding its utility in the pre‐treatment evaluation and clinical staging of other dogs with oral ‐malignant melanoma.
Cold agglutinin disease in a cat
Authors: Godfrey D. R. , Anderson R. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of cold agglutinin disease associated with trauma and exposure to lead is described in a domestic cat. A definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of autohaemagglutination at cold temperatures and histopathology. Exposure to lead has been associated with cold agglutinin disease in other species. The cat spontaneously recovered after removal of the lead from its body. Cold agglutinin disease has been reported twice in the cat.
Suppression of adrenocortical function in dogs receiving therapeutic doses of megestrol acetate
Authors: van den Broek A. H. M. , O'Farrell V. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNine dogs received a course of megestrol acetate, 2 mg/kg/day for 14 days and then 1 mg/kg/day for a further 14 days, as part of a programme to modify undesirable behaviour. Adrenocortical function was monitored using the adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation test before treatment, on days 14 and 28 of treatment and then on days 42 and 70. The mean basal Cortisol concentration was significantly (P<0.01) lower than the pre‐treatment value on days 14 and 28. The mean post ACTH stimulation Cortisol concentration was significantly lower than the mean pre‐treatment post ACTH Cortisol concentration on days 14 and 28 (P<0.01), on day 42 (P<0.001) and on day 70 (P<0.05).
Intussusception in 12 cats
Authors: Bellenger C. R. , Beck J. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe medical records of 12 cats presented with intussusception and diagnosed at the University of Sydney Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Sylvania Veterinary Hospital were reviewed. Eleven cats were less than one year old at the time of diagnosis. No breed or sex predilections were determined. The most consistent clinical signs were anorexia (83 per cent), weight loss (83 per cent) and a palpable abdominal mass (92 per cent). Vomiting (58 per cent) and diarrhoea (50 per cent) were seen less frequently in these cats compared with the reported incidence of these signs in dogs. In 10 cats the intussusception was corrected surgically. Manual reduction was successful in three of the cats but six required end‐to‐end anastomosis following intestinal resection and in one cat a typhlectomy was performed. Postoperative ileus complicated recovery in three cases. Recurrence of the intussusception at a different site occurred in two of these cases. One cat with recurrence of intussusception died and the cat with ileus but not recurrence was euthanased one month after the original surgery.
Retinal detachment and bovine tuberculosis in cats
Authors: Formston C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis has been virtually eradicated from Britain. It was a disease to which cats were susceptible, mainly from the consumption of infected cow's milk. This report discusses four cases of ocular tuberculosis which, although of limited clinical significance today, could be of some value to veterinary clinical history. In the past, there has been a tendency to associate retinal haemorrhages with a choroidal tuberculosis, but with reference to the veterinary literature and two of the cases cited here, it would appear that either haemorrhage or uveitis, from whatever cause, is more likely to be linked to retinal detachment than to tuberculosis.
Canine multicentric lymphoma 2: Comparison of response to two chemothera‐peutic protocols
Authors: Dobson J. M. , Gorman N. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the chemotherapeutic response of 90 cases of canine multicentric lymphoma. All the dogs were treated with a combination protocol using cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone. Forty‐seven dogs received additional intravenous cytosine arabinoside on the first four days of treatment. Eighty‐eight per cent of all cases had shown either a complete or partial response to this treatment at six weeks from the start of treatment and the overall mean survival time was 37 weeks (SD = 35.8). There was no significant difference in response or survival rates between the two treatment groups. The age and sex of the patient, the clinical stage of the disease and previous treatment with corticosteroids were all analysed to determine whether these parameters were of prognostic significance. Those dogs in clinical stages 4 and 5 carried a worse prognosis than those in stages 1 to 3. Previous treatment with corticosteroids adversely affected both tumour response and patient survival rates.
Specific heart muscle disease secondary to lymphosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Koch J. , Jensen A. L. , Pedersen H. D. , Leifsson P. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis case report describes the clinical, imaging, clinical pathology and necropsy findings in a five‐year‐old male Border collie with low output cardiac failure. The heart was enlarged by infiltrative lymphosarcoma.
Use of medetomidine and butorphanol for sedation in dogs
Authors: Bartram D. H. , Diamond M. J. , Tute A. S. , Trafford A. W. , Jones R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMedetomidine 10 μg/kg, was combined with butorphanol 0.1 mg/kg and administered intramuscularly to 27 dogs requiring sedation for various diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. All the dogs became deeply sedated. Heart rate fell by a mean of 55 per cent. Eighteen dogs showed signs of pain as the combination was injected. Sedation was sufficient for the intended procedure to be carried out in 25 of the dogs. General anaesthesia was induced in four dogs — the mean dose of thiopentone required for induction of anaesthesia was 2 mg/kg. Administration of atipamezole at the end of the procedure produced rapid and sudden recoveries in all the dogs, with a mean time to standing of nine minutes.
Effects of radiotherapy alone and surgery and radiotherapy on survival of dogs with nasal tumours
Authors: Morris J. S. , Dunn K. J. , Dobson J. M. , White R. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe case records of 26 dogs with nasal tumours, treated either with radiation alone or surgery and radiation, were compared. One‐ and two‐year actuarial survival rates for 12 dogs treated with radiotherapy were 58 and 13 per cent, respectively, compared to 71 and 38 per cent, respectively, for 14 dogs which were treated with surgery before radiotherapy. Sixty‐seven per cent of the dogs treated with radiotherapy had recurrent clinical signs by 52 weeks compared to 36 per cent of the dogs treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The longer disease‐free interval of the dogs treated with surgery and radiotherapy was statistically significant. When dogs with sarcomas were compared to those with carcinomas, there was no significant difference in disease‐free interval or survival time.
Collagen type III:I composition in hip joints of dogs susceptible to nip dysplasia
Authors: Madsen J. S. , Oxlund H. , Svalastoga E. , Schwarz P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCollagen type III:I ratios were measured in the coxofemoral joint capsules of dogs susceptible to hip dysplasia, dogs with hip dysplasia and healthy controls. The ratio was higher in those dogs susceptible to hip dysplasia than in the controls. These differences could explain the joint hypermobility seen in dogs with hip dysplasia.
Pyloric obstruction in a dog related to a gastrotomy incision closed with polypropylene
Authors: Bright R. M. , Jenkins C. , DeNovo R. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA five‐year‐old male, West Highland terrier was treated for a gastrointestinal foreign body via a gastrotomy incision and enterotomies. The dog was asymptomatic for several months but was eventually re‐presented because of vomiting. Endoscopic and surgical evaluation confirmed a large mass within the pyloric canal that probably resulted from a reaction to the polypropylene suture material used to close the original gastrotomy incision. The mass was excised via a Y‐U pyloroplasty incision and the dog has been free of vomiting for over a year.
Atresia coli in a nine‐week‐old kitten
Authors: Bredal W. P. , Thoresen S. I. , Kvellestad A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of blind‐end atresia coli in a kitten surviving for 66 days is presented. Human cases of intestinal atresia are often attributed to injuries sustained in utero to a previously normal fetus. Neither clinical nor autopsy findings gave conclusive evidence regarding the aetiology of the condition in the kitten; the only sibling affected from a litter of five. The case is interesting because the kitten survived nine weeks without any clinical signs other than abdominal distension.
Evaluation of screening tests for renal insufficiency in the dog
Authors: Gleadhill A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe use of creatinine and fractional excretion of phosphate as screening tests for early renal disease is examined. Their relative efficiency in detecting renal insufficiency is compared and the effect of different decision levels on interpreting test results is also discussed. The use of receiver operating curves to evaluate the relationship between specificity and sensitivity and their effects on the interpretation of results is shown. For all decision levels, creatinine is shown to be superior to fractional excretion of phosphate for the diagnosis of renal insufficiency.
Dystocia in the bitch: A retrospective study of 182 cases
Authors: Darvelid A. Walett , Linde‐Forsberg C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn a retrospective study of 182 cases of canine dystocia, no relationship was found between either breed or age and occurrence of dystocia. However, medium‐sized breeds (between 12.7 and 20.5 kg bodyweight) were slightly over represented. Of the bitches that had whelped previously, 42 per cent had experienced dystocia. The dystocia was of maternal origin in 75.3 per cent of the cases, mainly due to uterine inertia, while 24.7 per cent were of fetal origin, mainly resulting from malpresentations/malorientations. The most common reason for dystocia was primary, complete uterine inertia (48.9 per cent) and 40 per cent of the bitches with this problem had small litters of one or two pups. The most common treatment was calcium and, or, oxytocin injection followed by a caesarean section. Digital manipulation including forceps delivery and, or, medical treatment was successful in only 27.6 per cent of the cases. Of the bitches studied, 65.7 per cent had a caesarean section. Pup deaths occurred in 52.2 per cent of the litters. Among bitches that had been treated within one to four‐and‐a‐half hours after the beginning of second stage labour, 5.8 per cent of the pups died, whereas the corresponding value for bitches that had been treated between five and 24 hours after the beginning of second stage labour was 13.7 per cent. The total frequency of pup deaths was 22.3 per cent. These findings show that early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in reducing the pup death rate in cases of dystocia.
Thrombocytopenia in the cavalier King Charles spaniel
Authors: Eksell P. , Häggström J. , Kvart C. , Karlsson Å 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBlood samples were collected for the determination of platelet counts from 102 cavalier King Charles spaniels which had no history of bleeding disorders. Thrombocytopenia was found in 31 per cent of the samples when the lower reference limit was set at 100 X 109/litre. The platelet count of the males (mean ± SD, 147 X 109/litre ± 15 X 109/litre) was found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the females (mean ± SD, 202 X 109/litre ± 13 X 109/litre). The platelet counts from a reference group of 16 normal beagles, analysed identically, were not lower than 189 X 109/litre and no significant difference was found between males (mean ± SD, 249 X 109/litre ± 14 X 109/litre) and females (mean ± SD, 282 X 109/litre ± 20 X 109/litre).