bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrist Injuries in Nonprofessional Tennis Players: Relationships with Different Grips
Authors: Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , Ameri Pietro , Michaud Johan , Derchi Lorenzo E. , Sormani Maria Pia , Martinoli Carlo 
Published: March 2009

Background Recent advances in tennis teaching techniques have been applied in nonprofessional tennis players to develop a more effective play. Hits with enormous amount of top-spin and lower technical and physical training are responsible for most wrist injuries in nonprofessional tennis players. Hypothesis The use of different grips (Eastern, Western, semi-Western) determines the pattern of wrist injuries in nonprofessional tennis players. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Between January 2006 and August 2007, we evaluated 370 nonprofessional division III and IV tennis players. The screening consisted of a questionnaire appropriately prepared to investigate wrist injuries. Medical records of players who reported a wrist injury were reviewed. Body mass index, years of practice, weekly hours of training, racket weight, grip (Eastern, Western and semi-Western), kind of strings, injury type, time out of competition, and therapy (medical or surgical) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association of different wrist injuries with these variables. Results A total of 320 players reported no injuries in their activity; 50 (13%) reported injuries to the wrist. Medical records of these players were reviewed, and 30 extensor carpi ulnaris lesions, 3 lesions of the extensor tendons, 5 injuries to the flexor carpi radialis, 6 de Quervain diseases, 5 triangular fibrocartilage lesions, and 1 intersection syndrome were found. Ulnar-sided injuries were more frequently associated with Western or semi-Western grips while radial-sided injuries were associated with Eastern grip (χ2 = 20.7; P < .001). Average time out of competition was 69 days; 4 players underwent surgery; the others received medical and rehabilitative therapy. No differences were observed regarding body mass index, years of practice, weekly hours of training, racket weight, and strings. Conclusion In nonprofessional tennis players with wrist injuries, different grips of the racket are related to the anatomical site of the lesion: Eastern grip with radial-side injuries and Western or semi-Western with ulnar-side injuries. Knowledge of this relationship may influence training, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of wrist problems in nonprofessional tennis players.
Peroneal Activation Deficits in Persons with Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Palmieri-Smith Riann M. , Ty Hopkins J. , Brown Tyler N. 
Published: March 2009

Background Functional ankle instability (FAI) may be prevalent in as many as 40% of patients after acute lateral ankle sprain. Altered afference resulting from damaged mechanoreceptors after an ankle sprain may lead to reflex inhibition of surrounding joint musculature. This activation deficit, referred to as arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), may be the underlying cause of FAI. Incomplete activation could prevent adequate control of the ankle joint, leading to repeated episodes of instability. Hypothesis Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is present in the peroneal musculature of functionally unstable ankles and is related to dynamic peroneal muscle activity. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Twenty-one (18 female, 3 male) patients with unilateral FAI and 21 (18 female, 3 male) uninjured, matched controls participated in this study. Peroneal maximum H-reflexes and M-waves were recorded bilaterally to establish the presence or absence of AMI, while electromyography (EMG) recorded as patients underwent a sudden ankle inversion perturbation during walking was used to quantify dynamic activation. The H:M ratio and average EMG amplitudes were calculated and used in data analyses. Two-way analyses of variance were used to compare limbs and groups. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the H:M ratio and the EMG amplitudes. Results The FAI patients had larger peroneal H:M ratios in their nonpathological ankle (0.399 ± 0.185) than in their pathological ankle (0.323 ± 0.161) (P = .036), while no differences were noted between the ankles of the controls (0.442 ± 0.176 and 0.425 ± 0.180). The FAI patients also exhibited lower EMG after inversion perturbation in their pathological ankle (1.7 ± 1.3) than in their uninjured ankle (EMG, 3.3 ± 3.1) (P < .001), while no differences between legs were noted for controls (P > .05). No significant relationship was found between the peroneal H:M ratio and peroneal EMG (P > .05). Conclusion Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is present in the peroneal musculature of persons with FAI but is not related to dynamic muscle activation as measured by peroneal EMG amplitude. Reversing AMI may not assist in protecting the ankle from further episodes of instability; however dynamic muscle activation (as measured by peroneal EMG amplitude) should be restored to maximize ankle stabilization. Dynamic peroneal activity is impaired in functionally unstable ankles, which may contribute to recurrent joint instability and may leave the ankle vulnerable to injurious loads.
Comparison of the Biomechanical Profile of the Intact Ulnar Collateral Ligament with the Modified Jobe and the Docking Reconstructed Elbow
Authors: Ciccotti Michael G. , Siegler Sorin , Kuri John A. , Thinnes John H. , Murphy Daniel J. 
Published: March 2009

Background The modified Jobe and Docking techniques are commonly used to reconstruct the elbow's ulnar collateral ligament. Hypothesis Valgus laxity and kinematic coupling after these reconstructive procedures are similar to those of the native ulnar collateral ligament. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Testing was conducted on 10 pairs of cadaver elbows using a 4 degrees of freedom loading system. Subfailure valgus loads were applied to the native elbows at different flexion angles; motion and ligament elongation were measured. The elbows were then loaded to failure in valgus at 90° of flexion. The reconstructive techniques were then applied and testing was repeated. Results Only the resting length of the anterior portion of the ulnar collateral ligament anterior bundle remained isometric throughout range of motion. Valgus laxity was nearly equal for the native and reconstructed ligaments at flexion angles of 90° or higher. However, both reconstructions provided less valgus stability than the native ulnar collateral ligament at low flexion angles. Kinematic coupling decreased with increased flexion for both native and reconstructed ligaments. Conclusion The modified Jobe and Docking techniques reconstruct restraint of the native ulnar collateral ligament to valgus laxity and kinematic coupling at 90° of flexion and higher angles where peak valgus torque is experienced in the throwing elbow. Clinical Relevance Both reconstructions provide valgus stability comparable to that of the native ulnar collateral ligament at 90° and higher, helping to explain their success in treating throwing athletes. Both reconstructions provide less valgus stability than the native ulnar collateral ligament at low flexion angles, suggesting that patients undergoing ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction should be cautioned against activities that provide valgus stress at low elbow flexion angles, such as side-arm throwing. This study suggests caution against overtightening the reconstructions at the common 30° of flexion.
Neer Modified Inferior Capsular Shift Procedure for Recurrent Anterior Instability of the Shoulder in Judokas
Authors: Uchiyama Yoshiyasu , Hamada Kazutoshi , Miyazaki Seiji , Handa Akiyoshi , Fukuda Hiroaki 
Published: March 2009

Background Little has been written about the operative repair of recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder in a single sport: in this case, Judo. Purpose The clinical efficacy of the Neer modified inferior capsular shift as an open procedure for injured judokas was investigated. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Fifty athletes (42 male and 8 female, 52 shoulders) took part in this study. The average age at surgery was 20 years (range, 14-38 years), and the mean follow-up period was 61 months (range, 24-172 months). The operation was performed on 29 tsurité (a lapel grip) shoulders and on 23 hikité (a sleeve grip) shoulders. The 2 grips are functionally and technically different from each other. Results Three cases of shoulder instability (5.8%) recurred after surgery. The average loss of external rotation was 9.6° with the arm at the side and 11.6° with the arm in 90° of abduction. The average Rowe and UCLA scores were 37.3 and 20.8 points preoperatively and 86.7 and 32.4 points at the final follow-up, respectively (P < .05). The return rate to the near-preinjury sports activity levels (>90% recovery: grades 1 and 2) was significantly lower in the tsurité shoulders (48.1%) than in the hikité shoulders (85.7%). Conclusion The overall recovery of more than 90% of preinjury activity levels in judo was 65% after modified inferior capsular shift for traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder. The tsurité shoulder should be treated with minimal restriction limitation in external rotation so that it is not limited postoperatively.
HTLV-1 uses HSPG and neuropilin-1 for entry by molecular mimicry of VEGF165
Authors: Lambert Sophie , Bouttier Manuella , Vassy Roger , Seigneuret Michel , Petrow-Sadowski Cari , Janvier Sébastien , Heveker Nikolaus , Ruscetti Francis W. , Perret Gérard , Jones Kathryn S. , Pique Claudine 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) entry involves the interaction between the surface (SU) subunit of the Env proteins and cellular receptor(s). Previously, our laboratories demonstrated that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a receptor of VEGF165, are essential for HTLV-1 entry. Here we investigated whether, as when binding VEGF165, HSPGs and NRP-1 work in concert during HTLV-1 entry. VEGF165 binds to the b domain of NRP-1 through both HSPG-dependent and -independent interactions, the latter involving its exon 8. We show that VEGF165 is a selective competitor of HTLV-1 entry and that HTLV-1 mimics VEGF165 to recruit HSPGs and NRP-1: (1) the NRP-1 b domain is required for HTLV-1 binding; (2) SU binding to target cells is blocked by the HSPG-binding domain of VEGF165; (3) the formation of Env/NRP-1 complexes is enhanced by HSPGs; and (4) the HTLV SU contains a motif homologous to VEGF165 exon 8. This motif directly binds to NRP-1 and is essential for HTLV-1 binding to, internalization into, and infection of CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that HSPGs and NRP-1 function as HTLV-1 receptors in a cooperative manner and reveal an unexpected mimicry mechanism that may have major implications in vivo.
Evaluation of mycophenolate mofetil for initial treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Martin Paul J. , Storer Barry E. , Rowley Scott D. , Flowers Mary E. D. , Lee Stephanie J. , Carpenter Paul A. , Wingard John R. , Shaughnessy Paul J. , DeVetten Marcel P. , Jagasia Madan , Fay Joseph W. , van Besien Koen , Gupta Vikas , Kitko Carrie , Johnston Laura J. , Maziarz Richard T. , Arora Mukta , Jacobson Pamala A. , Weisdorf Daniel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe conducted a double-blind, randomized multicenter trial to determine whether the addition of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) improves the efficacy of initial systemic treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The primary endpoint was resolution of chronic GVHD and withdrawal of all systemic treatment within 2 years, without secondary treatment. Enrollment of 230 patients was planned, providing 90% power to observe a 20% difference in success rates between the 2 arms. The study was closed after 4 years because the interim estimated cumulative incidence of success for the primary endpoint was 23% among 74 patients in the MMF arm and 18% among 77 patients in the control arm, indicating a low probability of positive results for the primary endpoint after completing the study as originally planned. Analysis of secondary endpoints showed no evidence of benefit from adding MMF to the systemic regimen first used for treatment of chronic GVHD. The estimated hazard ratio of death was 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-4.3) among patients in the MMF arm compared with the control arm. MMF should not be added to the initial systemic treatment regimen for chronic GVHD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00089141 on August 4, 2004.
A mouse chromosome 4 balancer ENU-mutagenesis screen isolates eleven lethal lines
Authors: Boles Melissa K , Wilkinson Bonney M , Maxwell Andrea , Lai Lihua , Mills Alea A , Nishijima Ichiko , Salinger Andrew P , Moskowitz Ivan , Hirschi Karen K , Liu Bin , Bradley Allan , Justice Monica J 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
ENU-mutagenesis is a powerful technique to identify genes regulating mammalian development. To functionally annotate the distal region of mouse chromosome 4, we performed an ENU-mutagenesis screen using a balancer chromosome targeted to this region of the genome.

Results
We isolated 11 lethal lines that map to the region of chromosome 4 between D4Mit117 and D4Mit281. These lines form 10 complementation groups. The majority of lines die during embryonic development between E5.5 and E12.5 and display defects in gastrulation, cardiac development, and craniofacial development. One line displayed postnatal lethality and neurological defects, including ataxia and seizures.

Conclusion
These eleven mutants allow us to query gene function within the distal region of mouse chromosome 4 and demonstrate that new mouse models of mammalian developmental defects can easily and quickly be generated and mapped with the use of ENU-mutagenesis in combination with balancer chromosomes. The low number of mutations isolated in this screen compared with other balancer chromosome screens indicates that the functions of genes in different regions of the genome vary widely.
ADAM33 gene silencing by promoter hypermethylation as a molecular marker in breast invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: Seniski Gerusa G , Camargo Anamaria A , Ierardi Daniela F , Ramos Edneia AS , Grochoski Mariana , Ribeiro Enilze SF , Cavalli Iglenir J , Pedrosa Fabio O , de Souza Emanuel M , Zanata Silvio M , Costa Fabrício F , Klassen Giseli 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
ADAM33 protein is a member of the family of transmembrane glycoproteins composed of multidomains. ADAM family members have different activities, such as proteolysis and adhesion, making them good candidates to mediate the extracellular matrix remodelling and changes in cellular adhesion that characterise certain pathologies and cancer development. It was reported that one family member, ADAM23, is down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation. This seems to correlate with tumour progression and metastasis in breast cancer. In this study, we explored the involvement of ADAM33, another ADAM family member, in breast cancer.

Methods
First, we analysed ADAM33 expression in breast tumour cell lines by RT-PCR and western blotting. We also used 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azadCR) treatment and DNA bisulphite sequencing to study the promoter methylation of ADAM33 in breast tumour cell lines. We evaluated ADAM33 methylation in primary tumour samples by methylation specific PCR (MSP). Finally, ADAM33 promoter hypermethylation was correlated with clinicopathological data using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.

Results
The expression analysis of ADAM33 in breast tumour cell lines by RT-PCR revealed gene silencing in 65% of tumour cell lines. The corresponding lack of ADAM33 protein was confirmed by western blotting. We also used 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dCR) demethylation and bisulphite sequencing methodologies to confirm that gene silencing is due to ADAM33 promoter hypermethylation. Using MSP, we detected ADAM33 promoter hypermethylation in 40% of primary breast tumour samples. The correlation between methylation pattern and patient's clinicopathological data was not significantly associated with histological grade; tumour stage (TNM); tumour size; ER, PR or ERBB2 status; lymph node status; metastasis or recurrence. Methylation frequency in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) was 76.2% compared with 25.5% in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion

ADAM33 gene silencing may be related to the discohesive histological appearance of ILCs. We suggest that ADAM33 promoter methylation may be a useful molecular marker for differentiating ILC and IDC.
Inhibitory activity of Indian spice plant Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts against Alternaria solani and Curvularia lunata, the pathogenic dematiaceous moulds
Authors: Mishra Ajay K , Mishra Amita , Kehri HK , Sharma Bechan , Pandey Abhay K 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Dematiaceous moulds are pathogenic microorganisms and act as etiological agents of mycoses with different degrees of severity in humans and animals. These moulds also cause loss of food crops and storage food products. The information regarding antimicrobial efficacy of the plant preparations on these moulds is scanty. The present study reveals phytochemical characterization and the effect of bark and leaf extracts of Indian spice plant, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cz), against the growth of two species of dematiaceous moulds, Alternaria solani and Curvularia lunata.

Methods
Cz bark and leaf samples were sequentially extracted in different solvents using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical analyses of extracts were done as per standard protocols. The antifungal bioassay of extracts was done by hanging drop technique. The inhibition of fungal spore germination was monitored under influence of three different concentrations of extracts.

Results
The lowest test concentration (50 μg/ml) of extracts of Cz bark prepared into acetone and that of Cz leaf into petroleum ether and ethanol exhibited complete inhibition (100%) of spore germination in both the moulds. At 100 μg/ml concentration all the extracts showed about 50 to 100% inhibition. However, the treatment of the spores of the two fungal species with highest concentration (500 μg/ml) of bark and leaf extracts in all the solvents showed 100% fungicidal activity as it completely arrested the germination of spores. Relatively lower activity of aqueous extracts at 50 and 100 μg/ml concentrations suggests that the antifungal ingredients present in Cz bark and leaf are more soluble in organic solvents than water.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated that the Cz bark and leaves contain certain fungicidal constituents exhibiting potential antimould activity against A. solani and C. lunata.
Intravenous flurbiprofen axetil can increase analgesic effect in refractory cancer pain
Authors: Wu Hongyang , Chen Zhendong , Sun Guoping , Gu Kangsheng , Pan Yueyin , Hao Jiqing , Du Yingying , Ning Jie 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effects of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil for the refractory pain in cancer patients.

Methods
2109 patients were screened from the department of medical oncology, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university in China between October of 2007 and October of 2008. Thirty-seven cases of cancer patients who had bad effect from anaesthetic drugs were received administration of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil with dose of 50 mg/5 ml/day. The pain score was evaluated for pre- and post- treatment by Pain Faces Scale criteria, and the side effects were also observed.

Results
Intravenous flurbiprofen axetil increased the analgesic effects. The total effective rate was 92%. The side effects, such as abdominal pain, alimentary tract bleeding which were found in using NSAIDs or constipation, nausea, vomit, sleepiness which were found in using opioid drugs did not be found.

Conclusion
Intravenous flurbiprofen axetil could provide better analgesia effects and few side effects to patients with refractory cancer pain. It could also increase analgesia effects when combining with anesthetic drugs in treatment of moderate or severe pain, especially breakthrough pain, and suit to patients who can not take oral drugs for the reason of constipation and psychosomatic symptoms.
Glycolytic control of adjuvant-induced macrophage survival: role of PI3K, MEK1/2, and Bcl-2
Authors: Chang Margaret , Hamilton John A , Scholz Glen M , Elsegood Caryn L 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUptake by macrophages forms an important part of the mode of action of particulate adjuvants such as oil-in-water emulsions and alum. We have found previously that such adjuvants promote macrophage survival and suggested that this response may contribute to their efficacy. To explore this adjuvant activity further, we have investigated whether oil-in-water emulsion stimulates glucose uptake in macrophages and whether such uptake is relevant to the promotion of survival. We found that oil-in-water emulsion stimulated glucose uptake in a biphasic manner. The first acute phase was independent of mRNA and protein synthesis but appeared to require PI3K activity. In contrast, the second chronic phase was dependent on mRNA and protein synthesis. Importantly, the second phase of glucose uptake required MEK1/2 as well as PI3K activity, indicating that the MEK1/2 pathway can also contribute to cellular glucose uptake. The increased glucose transporter 1 expression during the second phase and long-term survival also appeared to be dependent on PI3K and MEK1/2 signaling pathways. Metabolism of the glucose was required for the emulsion-stimulated survival as well as the increase of prosurvival Bcl-2 transcript levels and maintenance of Bcl-2 protein expression. As transgenic overexpression of Bcl-2 enhances the survival of macrophages in the absence of growth factor, the glycolytic control of Bcl-2 levels may play a central role in emulsion-stimulated macrophage survival. Enhanced glucose uptake by macrophages may therefore be critical to the action of particulate adjuvants.
Interface Modification of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Pivalic Acid to Enhance the Open-circuit Voltage
Authors: Li Xin , Lin Hong , Zakeeruddin Shaik M , Grätzel Michael , Li Jianbao 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Pivalic acid (PVA) was used as a new coadsorbent to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to modify the interface between the TiO2 films and electrolyte. The addition of PVA improved the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of devices by 8% by enhancing the open-circuit voltage.
Reduced Activation Materials for Fusion Reactors
Authors: Klueh RL , Gelles DS , Okada M , Packan NH 
Published: March 2009

Description
Material for future reactors is the focus of this new publication from ASTM. Eighteen papers anticipate safety and waste disposal problems from induced radioactivity in the reactor materials. Papers presented in three sections:
• Austenitic Stainless Steels
• Ferritic Steels
• Vanadium Alloys
Petrography Applied to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Authors: Erlin B , Stark D 
Published: March 2009

Description
14 peer-viewed papers cover approaches, examination, and specimen preparation of concrete and aggregates for petrographic studies; petrographic examination of aggregate problems; and petrography applied to solving varieties of concrete problems. Provides helpful information both to those who conduct petrographic investigations and to those who use petrographic information to fulfill their analysis needs. For petrographers, geologists, concrete technologists, engineers, and research and development organization involved with Portland cement, concrete, aggregates, and admixtures for concrete.