bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multigrid simulations of non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer in a ventilated square cavity with mixed convection and baffles
Authors: Rehman Nusrat , Mahmood Rashid , Majeed Afraz Hussain , Khan Ilyas , Mohamed Abdullah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impact of baffles on a convective heat transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid is experimentally studied within a square cavity. The non-Newtonian fluid is pumped into the cavity through the inlet and subsequently departs from the cavity via the outlet. Given the inherent non-linearity of the model, a numerical technique has been selected as the method for obtaining the outcomes. Primarily, the governing equations within the two-dimensional domain have been discretized using the finite element method. For approximating velocity and pressure, we have employed the reliable $${\mathbb{P}}_{2}$$

P
2

–$${\mathbb{P}}_{1}$$

P
1

finite element pair, while for temperature, we have opted for the quadratic basis. To enhance convergence speed and accuracy, we employ the powerful multigrid approach. This study investigates how key parameters like Richardson number (Ri), Reynolds number (Re), and baffle gap $${{\text{b}}}_{{\text{g}}}$$

b
g

influence heat transfer within a cavity comprising a non-Newtonian fluid. The baffle gap ($${b}_{g}$$

b
g

) has been systematically altered within the range of 0.2–0.6, and for this research, three distinct power law indices have been selected namely: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. The primary outcomes of the investigation are illustrated through velocity profiles, streamlines, and isotherm visualizations. Furthermore, the study includes the computation of the $${Nu}_{avg}$$

Nu

avg

(average Nusselt number) across a range of parameter values. As the Richardson number (Ri) increases, $${Nu}_{avg}$$

Nu

avg

also rises, indicating that an increase in Ri results in augmented average heat transfer. Making the space between the baffles wider makes heat flow more intense. This, in turn, heats up more fluid within the cavity.
Exploiting hot electrons from a plasmon nanohybrid system for the photoelectroreduction of CO2
Authors: Dey Ananta , Silveira Vitor R. , Vadell Robert Bericat , Lindblad Andreas , Lindblad Rebecka , Shtender Vitalii , Görlin Mikaela , Sá Jacinto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlasmonic materials convert light into hot carriers and heat to mediate catalytic transformation. The participation of hot carriers (photocatalysis) remains a subject of vigorous debate, often argued on the basis that carriers have ultrashort lifetime incompatible with drive photochemical processes. This study utilises plasmon hot electrons directly in the photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO via a Ppasmonic nanohybrid. Through the deliberate construction of a plasmonic nanohybrid system comprising NiO/Au/ReI(phen-NH2)(CO)3Cl (phen-NH2 = 1,10-Phenanthrolin-5-amine) that is unstable above 580 K; it was possible to demonstrate hot electrons are the main culprit in CO2 reduction. The engagement of hot electrons in the catalytic process is derived from many approaches that cover the processes in real-time, from ultrafast charge generation and separation to catalysis occurring on the minute scale. Unbiased in situ FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the stepwise reduction of the catalytic system. This, coupled with the low thermal stability of the ReI(phen-NH2)(CO)3Cl complex, explicitly establishes plasmonic hot carriers as the primary contributors to the process. Therefore, mediating catalytic reactions by plasmon hot carriers is feasible and holds promise for further exploration. Plasmonic nanohybrid systems can leverage plasmon’s unique photophysics and capabilities because they expedite the carrier’s lifetime.
Observation of solar energetic particles with Metis on board Solar Orbiter on February 25, 2023
Authors: Grimani C. , Fabi M. , Persici A. , Sabbatini F. , Villani M. , Frassati F. , Antonucci E. , Pancrazzi M. , Telloni D. , Kühl P. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Andretta V. , Chioetto P. , Da Deppo V. , Gissot S. , Jerse G. , Messerotti M. , Naletto G. , Plainaki C. , Romoli M. , Spadaro D. , Stangalini M. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M. , Abbo L. , Burtovoi A. , Landini F. , Nicolini G. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Susino R. 
Published: March 2024

Context.The Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph captures images of the solar corona in both visible (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Tracks ascribable to the passage of galactic and solar particles appear in the Metis images. An algorithm implemented in the Metis processing electronics allows us to separate the pixels fired by VL photons from those crossed by high-energy particles. These spurious pixels are stored in cosmic-ray matrices that can be visually analyzed for particle monitoring deep into the spacecraft’s interior. This algorithm has been enabled for the VL instrument only, since the process of separating the particle tracks from pixels fired by photons in the UV images was shown to be quite challenging with respect to a quantitative analysis.Aims.This work is aimed at studying galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) with the Metis cosmic-ray matrices in February 2023.Methods.We compared a visual analysis of Metis cosmic-ray matrices gathered on February 22, 2023, with GCRs only, and on February 25, 2023 with both GCRs and SEPs, to Monte Carlo simulations of the VL instrument during the same days.Results.We estimated the solar modulation parameter associated with the GCR proton energy spectrum in February 2023. We show that Metis plays the role of monitoring galactic and solar protons. The Metis particle observations are used for the diagnostics of the VL instrument performance and to study the spacecraft inner charging from solar minimum towards the next solar maximum. These achievements have been attained with the benefit of the joint observations of Metis, the Energetic Particle Detector/High Energy Telescope, and near-Earth and Earth-based instruments.
L’acromégalie chez le chat : une cause fréquente de diabète sucré ?
Authors: Pichard Diane , Benchekroun Ghita 
Published: March 2024

L’acromégalie, affection apparemment plus fréquente que ce qui était admis il y a quelques années chez le chat, résulte de la production excessive ou dérégulée d’hormone de croissance. Elle atteint des chats d’âge moyen à âgé, dont la morphologie n’est pas forcément modifiée et typique du phénotype « acromégale ». Elle est très fréquemment à l’origine d’un diabète sucré secondaire, par un ensemble de mécanismes (diminution de la sensibilité tissulaire à l’insuline, interférences signalétiques…). L’acromégalie est un diagnostic différentiel essentiel d’insulinorésistance, parmi d’autres causes métaboliques à considérer lors d’une stabilisation diabétique non satisfaisante. Son diagnostic repose sur une combinaison d’éléments clinique, biologique et d’imagerie médicale de l’encéphale. La détection d’une masse hypophysaire dans un contexte de suspicion clinique et biologique forte permet de confirmer le diagnostic. Dans un contexte de diabète sucré non équilibré et de masse hypophysaire, un hypercorticisme doit être considéré également, bien que la présence d’une fragilité cutanée et d’anomalies électrolytiques (hypokaliémie) soit des éléments essentiels à la suspicion. Les possibilités thérapeutiques à ce jour reposent sur une insulinothérapie palliative (et gestion des autres complications), sur une prise en charge curative par hypophysectomie et/ou radiothérapie externe, ou encore sur des thérapies médicales adjuvantes, favorisant le contrôle, voire la rémission du diabète sucré secondaire.
Nerventransfers bei Kindern mit nicht traumatischer Amyoplasie
Authors: Schäfer Benedikt , Beier Justus P. , Bahm Jörg 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Behandlung der geburtstraumatischen Läsionen des Plexus
brachialis durch primäre Rekonstruktionen und Nerventransfers hat sich in den
letzten Jahrzehnten etabliert. Bei nicht traumatischen Erkrankungen, die zu
schlaffen Lähmungen und zur Bewegungsunfähigkeit von Extremitäten führen, wie
beispielsweise der Transversen Myelitis (TM) oder der Arthrogryposis multiplex
congenita (AMC), die beide verschiedenste Ursachen haben können, steht bislang
die rehabilitative Therapie im Vordergrund, während chirurgische Eingriffe nur
limitiert, im Sinne von Umstellungsosteotomien oder Muskeltransfers, Anwendung
finden. Unser Bestreben besteht darin für nicht-traumatische Amyoplasien
Nerventransfers als chirurgische Option zur Verbesserung der Beweglichkeit zu
etablieren.
Patienten Im Zeitraum von 08/2013 bis 03/2023 wurden bei insgesamt 23
Patienten im Alter von 4 Monaten bis 64 Monaten (davon 18 mit AMC und 5 mit TM)
funktionsverbessernde Eingriffe in Form mikrochirurgischer Nerventransfers an
der oberen Extremität durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Wir konnten zeigen, dass sowohl bei der AMC wie auch bei der TM
frühzeitige Nerventransfers der oberen Extremität eine Reanimation der
Muskulatur ermöglichen konnten.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, dass die Behandlung von
nicht-traumatischen Amyoplasien bei Kindern mit selektiven Nerventransfers eine
erfolgreiche Methode darstellt. Das Erlangen bzw. Wiedererlangen von wichtigen
Funktionen zur Bewältigung des selbstständigen Alltags kann durch
Nerventransfers erreicht werden. Die operative Methodik ist durch die Behandlung
von traumatischen Nervenverletzungen etabliert, gut bekannt und sicher
durchführbar. Unseres Erachtens stellt dies eine wichtige Behandlungsoption für
pädiatrische Patienten mit Lähmungen im Rahmen einer TM oder AMC dar, die auch
den betreuenden Kinderärzten bekannt sein sollte.
Anatomische Varianten des N. medianus und N. musculocutaneus – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Wachenfeld-Teschner Victoria , Schäfer Benedikt , Beier Justus P. , Bahm Jörg 
Published: March 2024

EinleitungTraumatische Schädigungen des Plexus brachialis resultieren häufig in einer
eingeschränkten oder aufgehobenen Flexionsbewegung des Ellenbogens. Die
Wiederherstellung dieser Bewegung ist ein wichtiges Ziel der chirurgischen Therapie
1
2. Maßgeblich für die Flexionsbewegung und Innervation der Zielmuskeln
ist der N. musculocutaneus (MSC). Dieser bildet einen der beiden Endäste des
Fasciculus lateralis des Plexus brachialis (C5-C7). In den meisten Fällen verläuft
er an der ventralen Oberarmseite, in der Flexorenloge, zwischen dem M. brachialis
und M. biceps brachii nach distal und gibt Äste zur motorischen Innervation der
beiden Muskeln ab. Er verläuft anschließend durch den Sulcus bicipitalis lateralis
und durchbricht die Fascia brachii in der Ellenbeuge 3 um als Nervus cutaneus antebrachii
lateralis, sensibel den Unterarm zu versorgen. Variable Verläufe des Plexus
brachialis in Zusammenschau mit dem N. musculocutaneus sind beschrieben und können
auf vielseitige Art und Weisen imponieren 4
5. So kann der N.
musculocutaneus direkte Verbindungen zum N.medianus aufweisen, oder diesen als
direkter dritter Zuschuss anteilweise bilden. Der N. medianus kann also sowohl Äste
an den N. musculocutaneus abgeben als auch solche von diesem erhalten. Vorliegende
Kadaverstudien zeigen in über 50+% der Fälle Verbindungen zwischen dem N.
musculocutaneus und dem N. medianus, wobei ein Großteil solcher Verbindungen
proximal des Eintrittes des N. musculocutaneus in den M. coracobrachialis liegt
6. Trotzdem sind diese Variationen im
klinischen Alltag meist Zufallsbefunde bei chirurgischen Interventionen 7.
Interdisziplinäre Behandlung von Raumforderungen in Assoziation zu
peripheren Nerven: Tumore und tumorähnliche Läsionen
Authors: Dengler Nora Franziska , Pedro Maria Teresa , Kolbenschlag Jonas 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungTumuröse Läsionen oder tumorähnliche Läsionen peripherer Nerven sind insgesamt
selten, heterogen und herausfordernd in Diagnose und Therapie. Sie können durch
tastbare Schwellungen in Nähe zu Nerven, sensible und/oder motorische Defizite,
Berührungsschmerz oder neuropathischen Schmerz auffällig werden. In 91% der
Fälle sind Tumore gutartig. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind eine Differenzierung der
Entitäten, ihrer Charakteristika und eine funktionserhaltene Resektionsstrategie
hochgradig relevant. Fehldiagnosen können gravierende Effekte für die Patienten
mit schweren neurologischen Schäden und Schmerzsyndromen haben. Gutartige Tumore
sind Schwannome und Neurofibrome, die sporadisch auftreten können aber auch bei
Häufung mit neurogenetischen Tumordispositionssyndromen vergesellschaftet sein
können. Seltenere gutartige Nerventumore sind Perineuriome, Lipome, die
aggressive Fibrose (Desmoidtumor), Paragangliome und Hämangiome. Als
tumorähnliche Läsionen werden die Ganglienzyste beschrieben. Die Assoziation von
Nerventumoren zu neurogenetischen Syndromen und eine richtige Zuordnung von
möglicherweise malignen Läsionen, wie dem MPNST (Maligne Periphere
Nervenscheidentumor) oder den Zwischenstufen wie z. B. den ANNUBPs (atypische
neurofibromatöse Neoplasien mit unbekanntem biologischem Potential) stellen
besondere Herausforderungen dar. Die Interdisziplinarität hat eine hohe Relevanz
für die klinische Behandlung und korrekte Diagnosestellung. Das Ziel unserer
Arbeit ist die Übersicht über die relevanten Entitäten, die Diagnostik und
zeitgemäße Therapiestrategien anhand der aktuellen Datenlage und unter
Berücksichtigung der kürzlich erschienen interdisziplinären AWMF S2K-Leitlinie
„Diagnostik und Therapie peripherer Nerventumore“.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Oleanolic Acid as a Potential Root Canal Medicament on Viability and Proliferation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Alhaila Khalifah A. , Badawi Manal Farouk , Elbeltagy Mohamed G. , Badr Amany E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective In light of the potential drawbacks associated with certain intracanal medicaments, such as triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH2)), the introduction of herbal agents has ushered in a new era in the field of dentistry. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the impact of oleanolic acid (OA) on the viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), comparing its effects to those of conventional intracanal medicaments, TAP and Ca(OH2).
Materials and Methods DPSCs were derived from the third molars of an adult donor. Flow cytometry was utilized to do a phenotypic study on DPSCs. The methyl-thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) test was used to evaluate cellular viability. The cells were subjected to various concentrations of TAP and Ca(OH)2 (5, 2.5, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/mL), in addition to OA (40, 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 µM). A cell proliferation experiment assessed the cell growth precisely at 3, 5, and 7 days.
Results DPSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. The mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105) had a positive expression. However, the hematological markers (CD14, CD34, and CD45) showed negligible expression. A notable reduction in cellular viability was seen in cells subjected to concentrations exceeding 0.5 mg/mL of TAP and Ca(OH)2 compared to the cells that were not treated (p < 0.05). The cells treated with different concentrations of OA 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 µM did not exhibit any significant variance in cell viability compared to untreated cells (p > 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of OA (20, 10, and 5 µM) showed high proliferation level compared to TAP and Ca(OH2) especially 5µM of OA after 7 days (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Our results revealed that OA exerted significant effect on the viability and proliferation of DPSCs compared to TAP and Ca(OH2).
Eastern Europe is no exception: acceptance of inequality and left–right politics
Authors: Lindqvist Jesper 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany scholars suggest that the left–right dimension can be simplified to a conflict over how much inequality should be accepted in society. Yet, studies on Eastern Europe indicate that acceptance of inequality is not associated with right-wing self-placements there, challenging the reach of the theory. Building on previous literature, this paper tests the proposition by measuring attitudes toward different inequalities separately (specifically in relation to class, gender, sexuality, and immigration/ethnicity), and examines their relationship with left–right self-placements. The paper also develops and tests a novel observable implication, namely that issue salience at the country level moderates the relationship between acceptance of an inequality and left–right self-placements. Using survey data from 27 European countries, multilevel regression models demonstrate that contrary to previous research, acceptance of inequality is associated with right-wing self-placements in both Eastern and Western Europe. Multilevel interaction effects furthermore demonstrate that country-level salience moderates this relationship.
Truth, humane treatment, and identity: perspectives on the legitimacy of the public and private health sectors during Covid in Zambia
Authors: Saulnier Dell D. , Saidi Christabel , Hambokoma Theresa , Zulu Joseph M. , Zulu Juliet , Masiye Felix 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLegitimacy is necessary for resilience and trust helps to legitimize health systems. Providing services during Covid has relied on both the private and public sectors but there is little information on differences in trust between these sectors during shocks like Covid and how it may impact the health system’s legitimacy. The purpose of this study was to explore community trust in the public and private sectors of the Zambian health system during Covid, to generate understanding on how trust in the different sectors may influence the system’s legitimacy. Twelve focus groups discussions and 22 key informant interviews were conducted in 2022 with community members who used public, private, and faith-based services during Covid and service providers, and thematic analysis identified perceptions of trust between the different sectors. The themes ‘Humane, patient-centred treatment’ and ‘Communicating the truth’ describe the desire for humane interactions and truthfulness during Covid, compromised by fear, uncertainty, and suspicions of the motives of the sectors, and alleviated by support, security, and shared identity. The legitimacy of the public sector was influenced by shared spaces, values, and identities with communities. The private sector maintained its legitimacy through service quality and its identity as a non-governmental business. Interpersonal trust was important, but identity played a larger role than high-quality interactions for legitimacy in Zambia during the pandemic. To enhance legitimacy and resilience during shocks, potential strategies include strengthening the quality of public sector interactions to meet private sector standards, emphasizing the public sector as a public good, and clarifying the public sector’s role vis-à-vis the government during crises.
Matching strategy and skip-scale head configuration guideline based traffic object detection
Authors: Shi Yi , Zhang Xin , Xie Changyong , Lu Jiawen , Yuan Lvfan , Yan Hongmei , Liu Yong , Liu Shulin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The configuration of the detection head has a significant impact on detection performance. However, when the input resolution or detection scene changes, there is not a clear method for quantitatively and efficiently configuring the detection head. We find that there is a rule of matching degrees between the object scale and the detection head across different input resolutions or detection scenes by careful analysis. Based on this matching rule, we propose simple yet very effective methods for detection head configuration. The methods consist of two main parts. The first is the matching strategy of detection head and object scale, which can handily and quantitatively guide the rational configuration of detection heads to effectively detect objects at vastly different scales. The second is the skip-scale detection head configuration guideline, which instructs to replace multiple detection heads with only two detection heads to decrease model parameters as well as achieve high detection accuracy and speed. Extensive experimental results on three benchmarks, BDD100K, nuImages and our proposed ETFOD-v2, validate the effectiveness and convenience of our proposed methods, showing potential application prospect in future intelligent traffic systems. The code and ETFOD-v2 dataset are available in https://github.com/YiShi701/MR-Net.
Dynamic error modeling and analysis of articulated arm coordinate measuring machine with integrated joint module
Authors: Shen Mei , Yang Hongtao , Chang Di , Jiang Xixiang , Hu Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The self-driven articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is a new non-orthogonal flexible coordinate measuring equipment providing automatic positioning and measurement with integrated joint modules introduced to its rotary joints. The dynamic measuring accuracy is the crucial indicator of the self-driven AACMM performance. However, the part manufacturing assembly error and structural dynamic deformation error will seriously reduce the dynamic measuring accuracy. Therefore, a modeling compensation approach based on error propagation and accumulation mechanism analysis of the above two aspects is necessarily required to preserve the automatic measuring accuracy of the self-driven AACMM. In this paper, the authors propose an innovative modeling method for evaluating and compensating for the dynamic measuring errors of the self-driven AACMM. The ideal measuring model is constructed assisted with on the classical Denavit–Hartenberg parameter methodology and the complex structure of the self-driven AACMM. The source and its propagation mechanism of the dynamic error from the self-driven AACMM were analyzed systematically to decouple the superposed error impact on measuring precision. The dynamic measurement error compensation mechanism model is presented considering the influence of instantaneous spatial attitude on the dynamic structural parameters of self-driven AACMM. Experimental results indicate that the single-point repeatability measurement error fluctuation of the self-driven AACMM is 0.046 mm. The radius measuring error of the gauge ball reduces from −0.26 mm to −0.19 mm after the error model compensation. Additionally, the measuring accuracy is demonstrated to be effectively improved by the dynamic error compensation mechanism model.
Pulsed plasma thruster exhaust reconstruction
Authors: Barquero Scherezade , Navarro-Cavallé Jaume , Merino Mario 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The transient exhaust of an ablative pulsed plasma thruster is characterized experimentally for three capacitances and three discharge voltages, for discharge energies below 11 J. A novel analysis technique is introduced, which reconstructs the exhaust as a superposition of different Maxwellian-like ion groups. Each ion group is characterized by its own mean velocity, thermal spread, initial density, generation time and divergence rate. The time series of three probes working in the ion saturation regime are used to determine the model parameters by least-squares fitting. This approach allows a higher level of accuracy and insight than time-of-flight analysis based on direct feature correlation alone. A good fit of the main part of the discharge time series is achieved with just three ion groups, with mean velocities ranging in 50–70, 30–45 and 10–25 km s−1 respectively. Each ion group differs in the lateral divergence rate and axial thermal spread, and potentially corresponds with a different charge/mass ratio and/or creation time. Some trends with bank capacitance and discharge voltage are identified and discussed.