bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal people and Canadian geography: a review of the recent literature
Authors: PETERS EVELYN J. 
Published: March 2008

A review of recent literature by Canadian geographers on Aboriginal people in this country suggests an increased focus on this important topic. This paper is organized by two main sections: the dispossession of Aboriginal peoples from their land and rights, and current attempts to contest and to redefine Aboriginal people's places in contemporary Canadian society. In both sections, I address representational strategies which transformed Aboriginal peoples and their lands conceptually, and the material transformations which accompanied them. I highlight evidence of Aboriginal people's responses wherever this material is available. Some remaining challenges to Canadian geographers are: integrating the research of people working as researchers for Aboriginal organizations, and institutions working with Aboriginal people into the academic milieu; including the voices of Aboriginal peoples in our research; and addressing under‐represented topics including urban Aboriginal peoples, reserve geographies, Métis peoples and Aboriginal women.Une revue des travaux des géographes canadiens au sujet des Aborigènes de ce pays révèle que ce sujet d'étude important reçoit de plus en plus d'attention. Cet article est composé de deux sections principales: la thématique de la dépossession des terres et de la privation des droits des Aborigènes, et les tentatives actuelles de contestation et redéfinition de leur place dans la société canadienne contemporaine. Dans les deux sections, j'aborde les stratégies de représentation qui ont transformé les Aborigènes et leurs terres du point de vue conceptuel, ainsi que les transformations matérielles qui les ont accompagnées. j'attire l'attention sur la réaction des Aborigènes à chaque fois que cette information peut être vérifiée. Certains défis sont encore à relever par les géographes canadiens: intégrer, d'une part la recherche effectuée pour le compte d'organisations aborigènes et d'autre part les institutions oeuvrant de concert avec ces peuples, dans le milieu universitaire; inclure le point de vue des Aborigènes dans notre recherche; et s'attaquer à des sujets encore trop négligés, notamment les Aborigènes en milieu urbain, la géographie des réserves, les Métis et les femmes aborigènes.
Foreign direct investment: facts and perceptions about Canada
Authors: BURGESS BILL 
Published: March 2008

Recently improved data on foreign direct economic control and foreign direct investment (FDI) are used to evaluate common perceptions of the degree of Canadian dependency. Including financial corporations in measures of foreign control yields rates of foreign control that are lower than those traditionally cited. Foreign and U.S. control in Canada declined in recent decades and only minor changes are evident since ‘free’ trade went into effect. Contrary to what is often assumed, Canada's rate of inward FDI is lower than in some advanced capitalist countries and its outward rate of FDI is higher than most G7 countries. The concentration of Canadian direct investment in the U.S. is similar to that many West European countries in the rest of Western Europe. The findings indicate that Canada is a ‘core’, not ‘dependent’ capitalist country.De récemment données améliorées sur le contrôle direct des avoirs économiques et sur les investissements directs étrangers sont utilisées pour évaluer les perceptions du contrôle économique et le degré de la dépendance économique canadienne. Sont aussi analysées, les institutions financières en termes de leur contrôle domestique et étranger. II appert que le contrôle étranger est moins important que l'on croit. Les contrôles étrangers et états‐unien de l'économie canadienne sont en déclin aux cours des dernières années. L'influence du libre échange ne semble pas être significatif. Certes, le taux interne d'investissements directs étrangers est moindre que pour d'autres économies capitalistes avancées, mais le taux externe d'investissements directs étrangers est plus important que pour la plupart des économies du Groupe des Sept. La concentration des investissements directs canadiens aux États‐Unis est similaire aux concentrations de plusieurs économies de l'Europe de l'ouest au sein de l'Europe. Les analyses tendent à indiquer que le Canada est une économic capitaliste ‘centrale’ et non ‘périphérique’.
A diamond in the rough?: an examination of the issues surrounding the development of the Northwest Territories
Authors: DiFRANCESCO RICHARD J. 
Published: March 2008

Over a period of approximately five decades, the federal government of Canada has transformed the predominantly nomadic hunting and gathering society of the Northwest Territories (NWT) to one which is based largely on wage and/or transfer income, and life in permanent communities. Several decades of planning for regional development and the expenditure of large sums of public monies have failed to give rise to a viable economic system in the region. This paper argues that the inefficacy of these past policy approaches stems at least partly from a failure to recognize explicitly the interrelationship between the economy of the region, its constitutional status and that of its Native population.Au cours d'une période d'approximativement cinq décennies, le gouvernement fédéral du Canada a transformé la société principalement nomade de chasseurs et cueilleurs des Territoires du Nord ouest en une société d'une part basée sur le revenu salarié et/ou de transfert et d'autre part composée de communautées établies de façon permanente. Plusieurs décennies de planification en vue d'un développement régional ainsi que des dépenses importantes des deniers public n'ont pas réussi à mettre en place un système économique viable dans la région. Le présent article défend la thèse que l'inefficacité de ces anciennes politiques provient en partie à l'incapacitéà reconnaître explicitement les interrelations entre l'économie de la région, son statut constitutionel et sa population autochtone.
Hypoechoic thyroid nodules on ultrasound 4 years after prenatal exposure to radioiodine: resolution with thyroxine therapy
Authors: Perry Rebecca J , Ainine Ahmad , Butler Sandra , Donaldson Malcolm DC 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe describe an infant inadvertently exposed to radioiodine at 17 weeks gestation. His mother had received 400 MBq of 131I for hyperthyroidism (total T4 178 nmol/L, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) <0.1 mU/L, 4‐h 131I uptake 16%). Following cordocentesis at 27 weeks (free T4 12.7 pmol/L, TSH 35.4 mU/L) intra‐amniotic thyroxine was withheld and a male infant was born at 39 weeks gestation, birthweight 3520 g. Cord TSH was low (0.1 mU/L), total T4 151 nmol/L on day 4, the mother having received no medication during pregnancy. Postnatal follow‐up showed mild TSH elevation (11.0–19.4 mU/L) but normal free T4 (9–12.7 pmol/L) during the first 2 years of life following which the child was discharged still untreated. On recall at 4.3 years, TSH elevation persisted (15.4 mU/L) and ultrasound showed several hypoechoic thyroid nodules within the left lobe that disappeared after thyroxine treatment.Conclusion: In the event of inadvertent exposure to radioiodine in utero, the infant should receive thyroxine therapy from birth in order to protect the thyroid gland from TSH over‐stimulation, however mild.
Translating Best Practices in Assessing Capillary Refill
Authors: Dufault Marlene , Davis Barbara , Garman Dorothy , Hehl Rose , Henry Jeanne , Lavin Mary , Barnes‐Mullaney JoAnn , Stout Patricia 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Purpose: A research roundtable was held in an urban community hospital in the United States to determine the strength, usefulness, and feasibility of empirical and clinical evidence evaluated in a systematic review assessing capillary refill. Approach: The roundtable was undertaken to provide an additional dimension for the development of a best‐practice guideline. Current practices and policies in this acute care hospital were examined concerning the strength of the evidence. Conclusions and Recommendations: Isolated performance of capillary refill assessment is of limited value and no nursing interventions rely solely on this measure. Future research should be directed toward evaluation and comparative analyses of alternate methods of evaluating peripheral perfusion.
Erectile Dysfunction and Dyslipidemia: Relevance and Role of Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitors and Statins
Authors: Miner Martin , Billups Kevin L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Introduction
There is a close link between hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia and erectile dysfunction (ED), with endothelial dysfunction as a common mechanism. Both ED and hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia are rising in prevalence with mounting evidence that these conditions are harbingers of cardiovascular disease.

Aim
This review was conducted to provide an update on the epidemiology and oral therapy of both dyslipidemia and ED, the connection between these two conditions, and clinical outcomes relating to the use of statins and phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitors in men with ED who have associated dyslipidemia.

Methods
A systematic search was performed of MEDLINE and EMBASE research databases to obtain articles pertaining to the epidemiology, mechanism, and clinical outcomes of statins and PDE5 inhibitors in men with ED and associated dyslipidemia.

Main Outcome Measures
The clinical and preclinical studies related to ED and dyslipidemia are analyzed and their findings are assessed and summarized.

Results
Hyperlipidemia/Dyslipidemia constitute a vascular risk factor having a considerable impact on erectile function. Furthermore, the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of both ED and dyslipidemia is paramount suggesting the importance of comanaging these conditions. Therefore, hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia when present in patients with ED should prompt management with diet/exercise as well as appropriate pharmacotherapy. With ED being often associated with comorbidities, the use of concomitant pharmacotherapies enhances opportunities for managing the overall global cardiometabolic risk. Newer studies assessing the effect of PDE5 inhibitors in men with dyslipidemia will shed more light on the clinical profile of these agents when used in this patient population.

Conclusions
While dyslipidemia and ED are important concerns for clinicians, there exists a gap that needs to be closed between the number of individuals who have either or both conditions and those who are receiving appropriate therapy based on evidence and patient-driven goals regarding clinical outcomes.
An Exemplar of the Use of NNN Language in Developing Evidence‐Based Practice Guidelines
Authors: Kautz Donald D. , Van Horn Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2008

PURPOSE.  To explore the use of standardized language, NNN, in the development of evidence‐based practice (EBP). DATA SOURCES.  Published research and texts on family interventions, nursing diagnoses (NANDA‐I), nursing interventions (NIC), and nursing outcomes (NOC). DATA ANALYSIS.  Research literature was summarized and synthesized to determine levels of evidence for the NIC intervention Family Integrity Promotion. CONCLUSIONS.  The authors advocate that a “standards of practice” category of levels of evidence be adopted for interventions not amenable to randomized controlled trials or for which a body of research has not been developed. Priorities for nursing family intervention research are identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  The use of NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses, NIC interventions, and NOC outcomes (NNN language) as research frameworks will facilitate the development of EBP guidelines and the use of appropriate outcome measures.
The ‘DODO’ survey — I. Limits on ultra-cool substellar and planetary-mass companions to van Maanen's star (vMa 2)
Authors: Burleigh M. R. , Clarke F. J. , Hogan E. , Brinkworth C. S. , Bergeron P. , Dufour P. , Dobbie P. D. , Levan A. J. , Hodgkin S. T. , Hoard D. W. , Wachter S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We report limits in the planetary-mass regime for companions around the nearest single white dwarf to the Sun, van Maanen's star (vMa 2), from deep J-band imaging with Gemini North and Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) mid-IR photometry. We find no resolved common proper motion companions to vMa 2 at separations from 3 to 45 arcsec, at a limiting magnitude of J≈ 23. Assuming a total age for the system of 4.1 ± 1 Gyr, and utilizing the latest evolutionary models for substellar objects, this limit is equivalent to companion masses &gt;7 ± 1 MJup(Teff≈ 300 K). Taking into account the likely orbital evolution of very low mass companions in the post-main-sequence phase, these J-band observations effectively survey orbits around the white dwarf progenitor from 3 to 50 au. There is no flux excess detected in any of the complimentary Spitzer IRAC mid-IR filters. We fit a white dwarf model atmosphere to the optical BVRI, JHK and IRAC photometry. The best solution gives Teff= 6030 ± 240 K, log g= 8.10 ± 0.04 and, hence, M= 0.633 ± 0.022 M⊙. We then place a 3σ upper limit of 10 ± 2 MJup on the mass of any unresolved companion in the 4.5 μm band.
Construction of Exact Simultaneous Confidence Bands for a Simple Linear Regression Model
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Shan , Piegorsch Walter W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary A simultaneous confidence band provides a variety of inferences on the unknown components of a regression model. There are several recent papers using confidence bands for various inferential purposes; see for example, Sun et al. (1999), Spurrier (1999), Al‐Saidy et al. (2003), Liu et al. (2004), Bhargava & Spurrier (2004), Piegorsch et al. (2005) and Liu et al. (2007). Construction of simultaneous confidence bands for a simple linear regression model has a rich history, going back to the work of Working & Hotelling (1929). The purpose of this article is to consolidate the disparate modern literature on simultaneous confidence bands in linear regression, and to provide expressions for the construction of exact 1 −α level simultaneous confidence bands for a simple linear regression model of either one‐sided or two‐sided form. We center attention on the three most recognized shapes: hyperbolic, two‐segment, and three‐segment (which is also referred to as a trapezoidal shape and includes a constant‐width band as a special case). Some of these expressions have already appeared in the statistics literature, and some are newly derived in this article. The derivations typically involve a standard bivariate t random vector and its polar coordinate transformation.
Inducible nitric oxide mediates systemic microvascular leak following acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation
Authors: Choi Won‐Il , Quinn Deborah A , Kwon Kun Young , Park Kwon Moo , Seo Jeong Wook , Syrkina Olga , Ochoa Cristhiaan D , Bonventre Joseph V , Hales Charles A 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Background and aims: The systemic effects associated with mechanical ventilation of lungs injured by hydrochloric acid (HCl) aspiration are unexplored. We hypothesize that low dose acid aspiration will predispose the lung and the kidney to damage from large tidal volumes through activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Materials and methods: Hydrochloric acid (HCl; pH 1.25, 1 mL/kg), or an equal amount of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), were inserted into the trachea of rats immediately prior to mechanical ventilation. Rats were then ventilated with room air at 85 breaths per minute for 2 hours, either with a tidal volume (VT) of 7 mL/kg or 14 mL/kg (VT7, VT14) and zero end expiratory pressure. Kidney microvascular leak, which was assessed by measuring urine protein over 24 hours and by Evans blue dye (EBD) technique, was used as an indicator of systemic microvascular leak. Results: A significant microvascular leak occurred in both lung and kidney exposed to VT14 with HCl compared to those exposed to either VT7 with HCl or the NaCl control group. iNOS activity was significantly increased in the lung and the kidney tissue in VT14 with acid aspiration. The relatively selective iNOS inhibitor, l‐N6‐(1‐iminoethyl)lysine (l‐NIL), attenuated the EBD microvascular leak in lung and kidney and the proteinuria in the VT14 with acid aspiration group. Conclusion: iNOS may have mediated the systemic microvascular leak in the present model.
Plasma Biochemistry Reference Values of Wild Bonnethead Sharks, Sphyrna tiburo
Authors: Harms Craig , Ross Trisha , Segars Al 
Published: March 2008

Background — Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) are of commercial, sport, research, and exhibit importance, however, blood chemistry reference values have been determined for few of these species.Objectives — The purpose of this study was to establish plasma biochemistry and PCV reference values for wild bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo).Methods — Heparinized blood samples were collected from 24 bonnethead sharks at the time of capture in trawl nets off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Weight, length, PCV, total solids (TS, by refractometry), and plasma biochemical analyses were done using standard techniques. Wilcoxon rank‐sum and Kendall tau b tests were used to compare values by animal size, boat and sex; 1–way ANOVA was used to compare TS and total protein (TP) concentrations.Results — Median (quartiles; minimum‐maximum) values were as follows: PCV 22% (22%, 26%; 17–28%), TS 6.3 (6.0, 6.8; 5.8–7.5) g/dL, total protein 2.9 (2.7,3.4; 2.2–4.3) g/dL, albumin 0.4 (0.4,0.4; 0.3–0.5) g/dL, globulins 2.6 (2.3,3.0; 1.9–3.8) g/dL, sodium 282 (279, 285; 273–292) mmol/L, potassium 7.3 (6.4, 7.9; 5.7–9.2) mmol/L, chloride 290 (285, 296; 277–304) mmol/L, total CO2 3 (2, 4; 0–5) mmol/L, calcium 16.8 (16.2,17.4; 15.8–18.2) mg/dL, phosphorus 8.8 (7.5,10.0; 5.9–12.7) mg/dL, urea nitrogen 1004 (986, 1028; 944–1068) mg/dL, creatinine <0.1 mg/dL, glucose 184 (165, 191; 155–218) mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase 42 (33, 66; 15–132) U/L, lactate dehydrogenase <5 U/L, creatine kinase 82 (47, 233; 18–725) U/L, and osmolality 1094 (1078,1111; 1056–1139) mOsm/kg. No differences based on sex were detected. TS and total TP values were related by the fitted line TS = (1.006 × TP) + 3.318.Conclusions — Values reported here will be useful for evaluating the health status of bonnetheads in wild and captive research conditions and in exhibits.
Paratracheal Cervical Mass in a Dog
Authors: Bertazzolo Walter , Giudice Chiara , Dell'Orco Marta , Caniatti Mario 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 14‐year‐old female Welsh Terrier was presented for evaluation of multiple skin masses. Two of them were diagnosed as a follicular (epidermal) cyst and a sebaceous epithelioma by cytology and histopathology. The third mass was located in the subcutis adjacent to the cervical trachea. Clinical findings, thoracic radiography, and laboratory results were otherwise unremarkable. Cytologically, the cervical mass was characterized by the presence of round to polygonal cells with distinct cell borders, mild to moderate anisocytosis, round to oval eccentric nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and a variable amount of finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Differential diagnoses included endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors such as thyroid adenocarcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, carotid body chemodectoma, and parathyroid carcinoma. The mass was removed surgically and submitted for histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination. Histologically, the mass was composed of rows and nests of densely packed cells separated by thin fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells had moderate to large amounts of pale eosinophilic dusty or finely vacuolated cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and 1 or 2 small nucleoli. On immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were positive for chromogranin A, calcitonin, and neuron‐specific enolase, and were negative for cytokeratin and thyroglobulin. The final diagnosis was medullary thyroid carcinoma, an uncommon endocrine tumor of dogs that has cytologic and histopathologic features similar to other endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors. Immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry should be performed to differentiate medullary thyroid carcinoma from other endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors of dogs.
Dermal Mass Aspirate from a Persian Cat
Authors: Zimmerman Kurt , Feldman Bernard , Robertson John , Herring Erin S. , Manning Thomas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 1‐year‐old spayed female Persian cat with alopecia and weight loss had numerous variably ulcerated dermal nodules. Cytologic examination of an aspirate of one of the nodules revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation along with septate hyphae and basophilic round bodies, 0.5–1.0 μm in diameter, surrounded by a thin clear halo (arthrospores). The cytologic diagnosis was dermatophytic pseudomycetoma. Histologically, there were dermal granulomas containing poorly staining, septate hyphae with bulbous spores embedded within abundant amorphous eosinophilic material (Splendore‐Hoeppli reaction), and the histologic diagnosis was pseudomycetoma‐associated chronic multifocal severe granulomatous dermatitis with lymphocytic perifolliculitis and furunculosis.Microsporum caniswas cultured from the lesion. Pseudomycetomas are distinguished from fungal mycetomas, or eumycotic mycetomas, by the findings of multiple lesions, lack of a history of skin trauma, an association with dermatophytes, most commonlyMicrosporum canis, and, histologically, lack of true cement material and a more abundant Splendore‐Hoeppli reaction in pseudomycetomas. Additionally, pseudomycetomas differ from dermatophytosis, in which lesions are restricted to epidermal structures. Persian cats have a high incidence of pseudomycetoma formation, suggesting a heritable predisposition. The prognosis is fair with systemic antifungal therapy. When examining cytologic specimens from Persian cats with single or multiple dermal nodules, especially if pyogranulomatous inflammation is present, a diagnosis of pseudomycetoma should be suspected and is warranted if arthrospores and refractile septate hyphae are present.