bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High brightness terahertz quantum cascade laser with near-diffraction-limited Gaussian beam
Authors: Lu Quanyong , Li Rusong , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Shichen , Ma Yu , Liu Junhong , Zhou Binru , Wang Lijun , zhuo ning , Liu Junqi , Zhang Jinchuan , Zhai Shenqiang , Liu Shuman , Liu Fengqi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

High-power and high-beam-quality terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser as an emerging THz radiation solid-state source are attracting attentions for numerous applications including medicine, sensing, and communication. However, due to the sub-wavelength confinement of the waveguide structure, direct beam brightness upscaling with device area remains elusive due to several mode competition and external optical lens is normally used to enhance the THz beam brightness. Here, we propose a metallic THz double-lattice photonic crystal resonator with engineered phase design for single mode surface emission over a broad area. The quantum cascade surface-emitting laser is capable of delivering an output peak power over 185 mW with a narrow beam divergence of 4.4°×4.4° at 3.88 THz. A near-diffraction-limited beam with M2 factor of 1.4 in both directions and a high beam brightness of 1.6×107 W sr−1m−2 is achieved from a large device area of 1.6×1.6 mm2 without using any optical lenses. The adjustable phase shift between the lattices enables stable and high-intensity surface emission over a broad device area, which makes it an ideal light extractor for broad-area THz emitters. Our research paves the way to high brightness THz laser sources and facilitates new applications in standoff THz imaging, detection, and diagnosis.
Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CHFCF2OCH3 (HFE-356mec3) and CHF2CHFOCF3 (HFE-236ea1) initiated by OH and Cl and their contribution to global warming
Authors: Espinosa Sara , Asensio María , Antiñolo María , Albaladejo José , Jimenez Elena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The kinetic study of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl (OH) radicals and chlorine (Cl) atoms with CF3CHFCF2OCH3 (HFE-356mec3) and CHF2CHFOCF3 (HFE-236ea1) was performed by the pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence technique and a relative method by using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as detection technique. The temperature dependences of the OH-rate coefficients (kOH(T) in cm3molecule-1s-1) between 263 and 353 K are well described by the following expressions: (1.21±0.28)×10-12exp{-(1045±646)/T} for HFE-356mec3 and (4.39±0.70)×10-13exp{-(1261±602)/T} for HFE-236ea1. The rate coefficients kCl was determined to be (2.30±1.08)×10-13 cm3molecule-1s-1 for HFE-356mec3 and (1.19±0.10)×10-15 cm3molecule-1s-1 for HFE-236ea1 at 298K and 760 Torr of air under free-NOx conditions. The atmospheric lifetimes were estimated to be 1.4 and 8 years for HFE-356mec3 and HFE-236ea1 in urban inland and 8.7 and 49.7 years in coastal troposphere. IR absorption cross sections and global warming potentials at a time horizon of 100 years are presented and the atmospheric degradation of HFEs is discussed.
Update of the dimorphic genus Olorizia (Ataxioceratidae, Ammonitina) and establishment of the species Olorizia calandina sp. nov.
Authors: Moliner Luis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ataxioceratinae of the genus Olorizia are characteristic ammonites of the Kimmeridgian eastern Iberian platform. Olorizia was established as a dimorphic monospecific genus that included a single species (Olorizia olorizi) endowed with a remarkably wide phenotypic variability. Its morphological plasticity allowed to recognize three morphotypes. They are interpreted as endemic forms and the product of in situ evolution, through a cladogenetic split from the autochthonous lineage of Ardescia Atrops during the early Kimmeridgian (cron Platynota); they are also interpreted as one of the greatest exponents of morphological specialization of the group due to the achievement of costulation with double connections (ataxioceratoid and subpolyplocoid ribs). In this work, a new dimorphic species is stablished, Olorizia calandina sp. nov.; the scarce graphic illustration of specimens of the various morphotypes of Olorizia olorizi existing to date is also corrected and the change of institution for the custody of fossil remains is reported, as well as the new identification acronyms.
Violence in the Emergency Department: A quantitative survey study of healthcare providers in India
Authors: Ahluwalia Tania , Singh Sukhpreet , Gandhi Navvin , Toy Serkan , Douglass Katherine , Blanchard Janice , Davey Kevin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Workplace violence (WPV) in Emergency Departments (EDs) is an increasingly recognized challenge healthcare providers face in low-resource settings. While studies have highlighted the increased prevalence of WPV in healthcare, most of the existing research has been conducted in developed countries with established laws and repercussions for violence against healthcare providers. More data on WPV against ED providers practicing in low-resource settings is necessary to understand these providers’ unique challenges.
Objective: This study aims to gain insight into the incidence and characteristics of WPV among ED healthcare providers in India.
Methods: This study was conducted at two EDs in geographically distinct regions of India. A survey was designed to assess violence in EDs among healthcare providers. Surveys were distributed to ED workplace providers, completed by hand, and returned anonymously. Data was entered and stored in the RedCAP database to facilitate analysis.
Results: Two hundred surveys were completed by physicians, nurses, and paramedics in Indian EDs. Most reported events involved verbal abuse (68%), followed by physical abuse (26%), outside confrontation (17%), and stalking (5%). By far, the most common perpetrators of violence against healthcare workers were bystanders including patient family members or other accompanying individuals. Notably, reporting was limited, with most cases conveyed to ED or hospital administration.
Conclusion: These results underscore the prevalence of WPV among Indian ED healthcare providers. High rates of verbal abuse followed by physical abuse are of concern. Most perpetrators of WPV against healthcare providers in this study were patient family members or bystanders rather than the patients themselves. It is imperative to prioritize implementing prevention strategies to create safer work environments for healthcare workers.
European option pricing under a generalized fractional Brownian motion Heston exponential Hull-White model with transaction costs by the Deep Galerkin Method
Authors: Motameni Mahsa , Mehrdoust Farshid , Najafi Ali Reza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We propose a new financial model called the generalized fractional Brownian motion Heston exponential Hull-White model, which has stochastic volatility and interest rate, long memory, and heavy tail distribution. Based on the market price of the volatility and delta hedging strategies, we propose a partial differential equation (PDE) to obtain the European option price. To do this, portfolio changes contain long one position of the European call option and shares of the underlying assets (stock, zero coupon bond, volatility), where we use the mentioned model to obtain the price. Due to transaction costs, the resulting equation is a fully nonlinear PDE, which we use the Deep Galerkin Method (DGM) to solve it. Also, we present the proof of the convergence of the method to this class of equations, which includes two parts: the convergence of the loss function to zero and the convergence of the neural network to the exact solution of the equation. We finally present numerical results to show the model and method’s effectiveness.
Development of a Tool to Assess the Severity of PH-ILD: A Guide to Assist Therapeutic Choices
Authors: Fiscus Garrett , Moallem Niala , Carollo Brett , O'Sullivan David , Farber Harrison , Parikh Raj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD); its occurrence results in significant morbidity and mortality. Currently approved treatment options for PH-ILD include inhaled prostacyclin therapy, although this approach may be insufficient in patients who have developed concomitant right ventricular failure. Moreover, there is no available treatment algorithm regarding the optimal therapy and timing of lung transplant referral for PH-ILD patients based on disease severity. In this study, we created such a tool to guide PH-specific therapy in PH-ILD patients, especially as further treatment strategies are developed. We developed a 4-point PH‐ILD Severity score that integrated both subjective and objective information from retrospective analysis of 57 PH-ILD patients. A score of 3 or greater in the PH-ILD Severity score yielded an AUC of 0.831 (p < 0.001) for the composite endpoint of clinical worsening (hospitalization due to a cardiopulmonary indication; decrease in 6-minute walk distance by > 15% at 2 consecutive visits; all-cause mortality; lung transplantation). Further confirmation and evolution of this PH-ILD Severity score will assist in development of optimal treatment plans in ILD patients diagnosed with concomitant PH.
CSKD: Cosine Similarity-Guided Knowledge Distillation for Robust Object Detectors
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Kang Donggoo , Paik Joonki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a Cosine Similarity-Based Knowledge Distillation (CSKD) for robust, lightweight object detectors. Knowl-edge Distillation (KD) has been effective in enhancing the performance of compact models in image classification by leveragingdeep CNN models. However, the complex and multifaceted nature of object detection, characterized by its modular designand multitasking requirements, poses significant challenges for traditional KD techniques. These challenges are furthercompounded by the conventional reliance on the Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss function and the limited application ofenhanced feature representations to the training phase. Addressing these limitations, the proposed CSKD method combinescosine similarity guidance with MSE loss to facilitate a more effective knowledge transfer from the teacher model to thestudent model. This is achieved by distilling both intermediate features and prediction outputs, aided by an assistant predictionbranch designed to learn directly from the teacher’s predictions. This dual-faceted distillation strategy enables the studentmodel to better mimic the teacher model’s behavior, leading to improved performance. The proposed method demonstratesversatility and robustness across various object detector architectures without the need for additional feature enhancementlayers during training. Notably, employing ResNet-50 as the teacher model and ResNet-18 as the student model, we achievenew benchmarks in KD for object detection across several architectures, including Faster-RCNN, RetinaNet, FCOS, and GFL,with respective mAP scores of 36.6, 35.2, 35.9, and 38.9. These results highlights the effectiveness of CSKD in advancing thestate-of-the-art in KD for object detection, offering a compelling solution to the challenges previously faced by traditional KDmethods in this domain. The code of the proposed CSKD is available at https://github.com/swkdn16/CSKD
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Rates of Adolescent Pregnancies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hookham Lauren , Alger Jackeline , Endler Margit , Enwere Michael , Eskenazi Deborah , Miskeen Elhadi , Salas Sofia P , Bhoora Shastra , Elhassan Safa , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Hewitt Claudette , Abuhammad Sawsan , Vonje Riri Johnson , Kana Musa , Leroy Valériane , Leslie Abimbola , Maingi Zadok , Mustafa Ghulam , Murundo Siamola , Ndayizeye Jean Paul , Nkwan Jacob Gobte , Okunromade Omolola , Ricci Christina , Saggers Robin , Shanbhag Sweta , Zaigham Mehreen , Doare Kirsty Le , Ramdin Tanusha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Education is known to protect adolescent girls from unplanned pregnancy. School closures were component of COVID-19 “lockdown measures”. The impact of these measures on adolescent pregnancy worldwideis unknown.
Methods: We performed a systematic review to find evidence of the impact of “lockdowns” and school closures on adolescent pregnancy events during the COVID-19 pandemic. Databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, WHO Index Medicus, and Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) were searched. Studies that provided data on pregnancy rates in girls aged 10-19 before, during, and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (defined as March 2020) were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data included study design, study location, age of participants, exposure period, and percentage or pregnancy rate data.
Findings: On August 21st, 2023, 3049 studies were screened, with 79 eligible for full-text review. Ten studies were included in the final review: Seven performed in Africa (Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, and Ethiopia), and three in the Americas (USA and Brazil). Adolescent pregnancy increased in six out of the seven African studies while a decrease or no change was noted in USA and Brazil.All studies were at a high risk of bias.
Interpretation: Adolescent pregnancy rates during the COVID-19 pandemic may have substantially increased in sub-Saharan Africa. Data scarcity and low-quality evidence are significant limitations. The dynamic relationship between lockdown measures and adolescent pregnancies warrants ongoing multifaceted research and adaptive policies to safeguard adolescent sexual and reproductive health during health crisis.
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022308354.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic molecular tracer compounds in dusts samples from schools in Puchuncavi and Quintero (Chile)
Authors: Parra Sonnia , Bravo Manuel A. , Drooge Barend L van 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This investigation was conducted in order to gain first insight into concentrations, distribution patterns and potential sources of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic molecular tracer compounds in dust samples collected in the Valparaiso region, Chile. Dust was sampled in schools (indoor and outdoor) that are ubicated in Puchuncavi (Greda, Greda los Alerces, Chocota,and Basica Horcon) and Quintero ( Liceo Politecnico, Inglès Quintero, Faro, Santa Filomena). Source apportionment analysis using the concentrations of PAHs; glucose, mannitol, sucrose, fructose; di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; hopanes, and levoglucosan as molecular tracer compounds showed four sources of contribution; the first related to combustion, a source represented to traffic, a third source dominated for soil + plastic, and a source of biomass burning. Outdoor traffic emissions and combustion were the main pollution sources in the outdoor as well as indoor ambient air of the schools, while soil + plastic were an important indoor source.
Coriobacteriia Can Affect The Developing of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through The Pyrimidine, Caffeine, Urea Cycle and Glutamate Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Dai Jingyi , Li Qiujing , Chen Jie , Dong Zhijian , Ma Zhongxu , Luo Yu , Liu Guiming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lose the chance of survival due to lack of timely diagnosis and effective treatment. The specific gut microbiota (GM) spectrum may become the target of early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. However, the metabolic mechanisms that affect the occurrence of liver cancer are still unclear.
Methods In this study, we called the dataset of HCC, and 1,091 serum metabolites 309 metabolite ratios as well as 211 GM taxa through GWAS instrumental variables for Mendelian randomization causal association analysis and metabolome intermediary effects exploration. Through functional enrichment of intermediate metabolites, the effects of metabolic pathways involved in GM on HCC were analyzed. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main model for establishing causal associations. Additionally horizontal pleiotropy test, linkage disequilibrium test and sensitivity analysis were employed to test the explanatory power of instrumental variables (SNPs).
Results Our study found Coriobacteriia class, Coriobacteriales order, Coriobacteriaceae family, and 4 specific genera were strongly related to HCC (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, through two samples-MR Analysis , 49 metabolites levels/ratios were shown to be closely related to the development of HCC. A total of 10 related metabolic intermediary factors have been selected, and 4 metabolic pathways of Pyrimidine (P = 0.0031), Caffeine(P = 0.0072), Urea Cycle (P = 0.0105) and Glutamate (P = 0.0298) were significantly enriched in this GM related HCC process.
Conclusion Coriobacteriia class and its lower taxa were associated with the risk factors of developing HCC through the regulation of Pyrimidine, Caffeine, Urea Cycle and Glutamate metabolic pathways. These biomarkers may become targets for HCC early diagnosis and immunotherapy.
Trends of Hypertension Stages among Iranian Adults from 2005 to 2025 using WHO STEPS studies: A Comparison among 2017 ACC/AHA, JNC7, and 2020 ISH Guidelines
Authors: Golestani Ali , Sheidaei Ali , Khosravi Sepehr , Ostovar Afshin , Heshmat Ramin , Shafiee Gita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Reducing the prevalence of hypertension, a major risk factor with significant health and economic implications is a target outlined by The World Health Assembly. This study investigated the prevalence of hypertension stages in Iran from 2005 to a projection for 2025 by three different guidelines. Eight nationally and sub-nationally representative cross-sectional WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) studies were conducted from 2005 to 2021 in Iran. Staging followed the Joint National Committee's seventh report (JNC7), the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association's 2017 guidelines (ACC/AHA), and the International Society of Hypertension's 2020 guidelines (ISH). Using data from a total of 210,546 participants, ACC/AHA projected higher prevalence in stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, particularly 35–44 and 45–54 age groups of males, each reaching approximately 35% in 2025. Stage 1 hypertension demonstrated a stable trend (about 17%) for ISH and JNC7, whereas ACC/AHA exhibited a significant decrease from 37.07–30.32% between 2005 and 2025. Conversely, all guidelines indicated a significant decreasing trend for stage 2 hypertension from 2005 to 2025 (ACC/AHA: 26.60–23.27%, JNC7 and ISH: about 9–6.6%). The study indicated that the prevalence of hypertension stages has not remarkably changed based on all guidelines in recent years and is projected to remain stable by 2025. The choice of guidelines should consider cost-effectiveness analyses and the available resources.
Extreme drought threat assessment: ranking analysis and its application to a regional study in central Mexico
Authors: Roca-Flores Elio , Soto-Bernal Soto J. , Rojo-Garibaldi Berenice , Fontanelli Oscar , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel , Fraedrich Klaus , Naumis Gerardo G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This work presents a novel method of threat assessment applied to the drought-prone region of Aguascalientes in Mexico. Extreme drought poses a risk to human health, economy, and survival, aside from the ecological effects. A way to study and assess the threat of complex catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes, etc. is to use ranking statistics. Such a method has not been used to analyze droughts. Here, such a tool is introduced to study an important case example in central Mexico: Aguascalientes City which recently suffered from extreme drought conditions in 2022 and 2023. Therefore, in this work, the ranking of annual precipitations in Aguascalientes City is obtained. This analysis indicates that meteorological droughts can be classified into different phases, which are clearly separated by gaps in the ranking profile on a log-log scale. Thereafter, several ranking laws that fit both tails corresponding to dramatic events were compared to the data using nonlinear regression. It is found that the Weibull function provides a better fit to the data than other twoparameter fitting functions. An empirical analysis of the fitting parameters of such a function for some other nearby communities shows a linear relation between both parameters. Such a relationship has limited spatial validity. This suggests that the ranking fit can be effectively characterized by a single independent parameter within a region. This provides a quantitative measure of the meteorological drought threat that can serve as a climatic index. The ranking analysis presented here aids in the hydrological management of water basins, including the assistance for agricultural producers, and serves to assess the risk associated with extreme drought.
Inhibition of P21-activated kinases 1 and 4 synergistically suppress the growth of pancreatic cancer by stimulating anti-tumour immunity
Authors: Ma Yi , Dumesny Chelsea , Dong Li , Ang Ching-Seng , Asadi Khashayar , Zhan Yifan , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , He Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal types of cancer, and KRAS oncogene occurs in over 90% of cases. P21-activated kinases (PAK), containing six members (PAK1 to 6), function downstream of KRAS. PAK1 and PAK4 play important roles in carcinogenesis, but their combinational effect remains unknown. In this study, we have determined the effect of dual inhibition of PAK1 and PAK4 in PDA progression using knockout (KO) cancer cell lines.
Methods: Murine wild-type (WT) and PAK1KO pancreatic cancer cell lines were isolated from PAK1+/+ and PAK1-/- KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre) mice. KPC PAK4KO and KPC PAK1&4 KO cell lines were generated from KPC WT and KPC PAK1KO cell lines respectively using the CRISPR-CAS9 gene knockout technique. PAK WT and KO cell lines were used in mouse models of pancreatic tumours. Cells and tumour tissue were also used in flow cytometry and proteomic studies. A human PDA tissue microarray was stained by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Double knock out of PAK1 and PAK4 caused complete regression of tumour in a syngeneic mouse. PAK4KO inhibited tumour growth by stimulating a rapid increase of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell infiltration. PAK1KO synergistically with PAK4KO increased cytotoxic CD8+ T cell infiltration and stimulated a sustained infiltration of CD8+ T cells at a later phase to overcome the immune evasion in the PAK4KO tumour. The human PDA tissue microarray study showed the important role of PAK1 and PAK4 in intra-tumoral T-cell function.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that dual inhibition of PAK1 and PAK4 synergistically suppressed PDA progression by stimulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell response.