bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position paper: Imaging methods for primary renal tumors of childhood: Costs versus benefits
Authors: D'Angio Giulio J. , Rosenberg Henrietta , Sharples Katrina , Kelalis Panos , Breslow Norman , Green Daniel M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe patterns of disease distribution at diagnosis and during follow‐up were cataloged for the primary renal tumors of childhood. These data, derived from more than 1,500 patients, were used to define the most rewarding and cost‐effective imaging methods required for patient management. The basic information needed prior to surgery includes whether there is a functioning kidney on the opposite side, and whether there are lung metastases or inferior vena cava thrombi. Simple X‐ray examinations and ultrasonography (US) will provide the necessary data. Postoperatively, when the histology is known, examination of the brain (MRI or CT scan) is needed for patients with the rhabdoid tumor and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) who are prone to develop brain lesions; and the skeletal system (bone scan, X‐ray skeletal survey) for CCSK and for renal cell carcinoma patients who tend to develop bone metastases. Continuing examination of the lung (chest films) is required for all histologies except perhaps for mesoblastic nephroma, which seldom metastasizes. The opposite kidney needs follow‐up (US) for 5 or more years to exclude metachronous involvement if nephrogenic rests are present in either kidney. Sophisticated imaging studies, which cost five times or more than simple X‐ray examinations or US, are not warranted routinely, and should be reserved for those cases where simpler, less expensive studies do not suffice for reaching patient management decisions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of nuclear morphometry to predict prognosis in pediatric urologic malignancies: A review
Authors: Partin Alan W. , Gearhart John P. , Leonard Michael P. , Leventhal Brigid G. , Yoo John K. , Crooks David , Epstein Jonathan I. , Beckwith J. Bruce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWilms tumor, the most common pediatric urologic malignancy, and genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood, respresent two of the most commonly diagnosed pediatric urologic malignancies. The introduction and use of multimodal therapy (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) by the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) and the Inter‐group Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) groups have greatly improved the survival among children with these malignancies. Present survival rates for Wilms tumor exceed 85% and for rhabdomyosarcoma survival rates are approaching 80% as well. For Wilms tumor, current treatment trends suggest less intense therapy for those children with favorable histology tumors who are considered at relatively low risk for tumor recurrence. Likewise, the significant morbidity associated with the present therapy regimens for rhabdomyosarcomas has prompted investigators to search for individualized management schemes for children with a high probability of responding. The need for accurate criteria to separate these high and low risk groups becomes imperative. In this review we present our work using nuclear morphometry, as a prognostic indicator, to retrospectively predict response to therapy for children with Wilms tumors and genitourinary rhabdomyosarcomas. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis and acute leukemia: Unusual association in two cases
Authors: Aricò Maurizio , Comelli Adele , Bossi Grazia , Raiteri Emanuela , Piombo Margherita , Egeler R. Maarten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a non‐malignant disorder, whether localized or disseminated, and usually has a favourable prognosis. A possible relationship between LCH and neoplastic diseases has not been assessed up to now even if a few cases have been recorded.We report two new cases of acute leukemia in children with LCH. The first child had acute lymphoblastic leukemia after untreated LCH; the second developed acute promyelocytic leukemia after LCH treated with vinblastine and etoposide. To our knowledge, this is the first case of secondary leukemia after exposure to an epipodophyllotoxin derivative in a child with benign disease.Cooperative studies of large numbers of LCH patients are needed to evaluate a possible association between LCH and acute leukemia, and to identify common risk factors or predisposing agents if such be present. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase I trial of trimetrexate in pediatric solid tumors: A pediatric oncology group study
Authors: Pappo Alberto S. , Vats Tribhawan , Williams Thomas E. , Bernstein Mark , Kamen Barton A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTrimetrexate (TMTX), a lipophilic antifol, was evaluated in a Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) Phase I trial in children with refractory solid tumors. TMTX was administered intravenously daily × 5 every three weeks. Starting dose was 6.4 mg/m2/day. Dose was escalated by 20% until the maximal tolerated dose was reached. A total of 75 courses were administered to 26 children. The major toxicity was myelosuppression, of which neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were most prominent. Rash, mucositis, and transient liver enzyme elevations were infrequently seen. Responses were observed in children with brainstem glioma, neuroblastoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The recommended Phase II dose using this schedule is 9.2–11 mg/m2/day depending on how heavily the patient has been treated prior to initiating this therapy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic abnormalities in a disseminated medulloblastoma
Authors: Stuart A. Graham , Pearson Andrew D. J. , Emslie John , Lennard Anne , Davison E. Valerie , Perry Robert H. , Crawford Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 3‐year‐old girl developed central nervous system, bone and bone marrow metastases, and hypercalcaemia shortly after presentation with medulloblastoma. Cytogenetic studies of the involved bone marrow showed multiple abnormalities including iso(17q). This chromosome rearrangement has been reported in other cases of recurrent or disseminated medulloblastoma. More studies are required relating the karyotypes of medulloblastomas to long‐term outcome to determine if the presence of iso(17q) is a prognostic factor in this malignancy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropeptide Y in neuroblastoma: Increased concentration in metastasis, release during surgery, and characterization of plasma and tumor extracts
Authors: Kogner Per , Björk Olle , Theodorsson Elvar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive children with neural crest tumors (two ganglioneuromas, one ganglioneuroblastoma, and two neuroblastomas) were investigated regarding neuropeptide Y‐like immunoreactivity (NPY‐Ll) in tumor tissue and plasma at diagnosis and during surgery. Radioimmunoassay of extracted plasma revealed higher NPY‐Ll at diagnosis of neuroblastoma (640 and 230 pmol/L resp) than ganglioneuroblastoma or ganglioneuroma (74, 45, and 26 pmol/L resp). During surgery of neuroblastoma plasma NPY‐L2 increased two‐ to four‐fold while no peroperative increase was seen in the other children. NPY‐Ll was considerably higher in neuroblastoma tissue (220 pmol/g and 144 pmol/g) than in ganglioneuroblastoma (40.2 pmol/g), ganglioneuroma (0.6 and 4.4 pmol/g), or healthy adrenal tissue (5.5 pmol/g). The highest NPY‐Ll concentration was found in neuroblastoma metastasis, 3,091 pmol/g. Gel‐permeation chromatography of a neuro‐blastoma tumor showed that a majority of NPY‐Ll was representing intact NPY (NPY 1–36) while metastasis and plasma from the same child mainly contained smaller immunoreactive fragments. High concentrations of systemic NPY in neuroblastoma patients are of tumoral origin. Plasma levels of NPY and its fragments can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring neuroblastoma, and for early detection of relapse or metastatic disease. A possible involvement of NPY in neuroblastoma tumor growth and spread deserves further investigation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐Lymphocytes bearing the γδ T‐cell receptor in cutaneous lesions of langerhans' cell histiocytosis
Authors: Alaibac Mauro , Chu Anthony C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the regional importance of γδ T cells in cutaneous lesions of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Six cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis were investigated by immunohistochemical techniques (alkaline phosphatase‐antialkaline phosphatase complex and indirect immunoperoxidase). Increase of γδ T cells was observed in 3 cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. In these cases up to 30% of CD3+ cells stained with an anti‐TCR γδ monoclonal antibodies and in two of them γδ T cells showed a marked epidermotropism. In the specimens of the remaining three cases γδ T cells were found in an overall percentage of 5% of CD3+ cells, but in two cases a significant increase of epidermal γδ T cells was observed. The finding of numerous γδ T cells in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is provocative and supports the suggestion of a functional relationship between γδ T cells and LCH cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of carboplatin pharmacokinetics between an anephric child and two children with normal renal function
Authors: Koren Gideon , Weitzman Sheila , Klein Julia , Moselhy Galina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarboplatin, a promising second generation platinum compound, is an effective antitumor drug and appears to be less nephrotoxic than cisplatin. We report comparative pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in an anephric child and two children with normal renal function. All three children were infused with carboplatin over 4 hours, the anephric child receiving 100 mg/m2 (25% of the dose received by the other two children). This dose was well tolerated and 18 days later the anephric patient received a second course of carboplatin at 50% of the regular dose received by the control patients. Following this dose the girl experienced severe pancytopenia and recovered with the use of GM‐CSF, blood, and platelet transfusion. Blood samples were obtained at timed intervals for 24 hours in the control subjects and for 40 hours in the anephric patient. Plasma and plasma ultrafiltrates were analyzed for total and free platinum. The results show that elimination half‐life of total platinum was 13 hours in the children with normal renal function and 42 hours in the anephric child following the 100 mg/m2 dose. The elimination T1/2 of free platinum was 8 hours in a child with normal GFR and 32 hours in the anephric child. In the anephric child the clearance of ultrafiltrable platinum was 10% of the normal total body clearance. We suggest that, in children with renal insufficiency, the dose of platinum derivatives should be carefully chosen, proportionally to the degree of renal impairment. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki‐1+/CD30+) in childhood
Authors: Vecchi Vico , Burnelli Roberta , Pileri Stefano , Rosito Pasquale , Sabattini Elena , Civino Adele , Pericoli Roberta , Paolucci Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1985, Stein et al. (Blood 66:848–858) described a large cell lymphoma consisting of activated lymphoid elements, expressing the Reed‐Sternberg cell‐associated antigen Ki‐1 (CD30); this tumor has recently been included in the updated Kiel classification and has been termed anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).This report concerns 13 patients with previously untreated ALCL who were admitted to the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Bologna University between January 1983 and December 1989. Ten cases were diagnosed as common type ALCL, 1 as Hodgkin's‐related ALCL and the remaining 2 as histiocyte‐rich ALCL/lymphohistiocytic T‐cell lymphoma. T‐cell markers were present in 85% of the cases, and B pheno‐type in the remaining 15%. About one‐half of the patients presented systemic symptoms; all but one showed more than one involved site, mostly an association of nodal and extranodal sites. All patients (1 in stage 1,7 in stage II, and 5 in stage III) were treated with a modified version of the LSA2‐L2 protocol. Survival and event‐free survival at 4 years were 100% and 62.9%, respectively. Two out of 3 relapsed patients presented a recurrence of disease when they were off‐therapy 24 and 36 months after first complete remission. Good response to salvage chemotherapy of all the relapsed patients and the long duration of the second complete remission were a distinctive characteristic of this neoplasm when compared to other histological subtypes. The clinical presentation, the tendency to develop late relapses and to achieve and maintain second remission easily suggest that ALCL is a high grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, from the histological point of view, but is similar to Hodgkin's disease from the clinical point of view. This would confirm the hypothesis that Hodgkin's disease and ALCL represent a continuous spectrum of the same disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant epithelial tumours in children: Incidence and aetiology
Authors: Al‐Sheyyab M. , Muir Kenneth R. , Cameron A. Hugh , Raafat Farrokh , Pincott J. R. , Parkes Sheila E. , Mann Jillian R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of carcinomas in children, changes in incidence over a 30‐year period, and to identify features of possible aetiological significance.A total of 173 cases were identified, but after review of the histopathology, 30 patients were excluded because they were considered to have benign epithelial tumours or malignant tumours of nonepithelial origin. Seven other cases were excluded because pathology material was not available. Overall, in 28% of cases, the diagnoses were changed by pathology review. Thus, 136 children in the West Midlands Region diagnosed 1957–1986 were included, with carcinoid tumours (44) and tumours of skin (22), nasopharynx (14), salivary gland (13), adrenal cortex (13), thyroid (9), large bowel (5), other (16).Excluding carcinoids, the age‐standardised incidence rate was 2.4 × 106 per year. Male:female ratio was 0.7:1 and 66% were aged >10 years. Incidence increased from 1.5 to 3.3 × 106 per year.Genetic factors predisposing to carcinoma included tyrosinosis, MEN II and III, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and basal cell naevus syndrome. There was a case of Li‐Fraumeni syndrome and several other patients had relevant family histories.Probable “environmental” causes included antenatal exposure to stilboestrol or hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate, stilboestrol given for premature menarche, neonatal hepatitis and prior radiotherapy.The aetiology of carcinomas in children is multifactorial, both genetic and environmental factors being important. The incidence is increasing. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
James Ewing (1866–1943): “the chief”
Authors: Zantinga Arty R. , Coppes Max J. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract“It is a growing conviction that to know cancer in man, one must study the disease most carefully in the human subject. Personally, I do not look for any startling advances or sensational discoveries, since it is much more likely that a steady reduction in the mortality from cancer will come chiefly from a large number of separate factors, of which the most significant appear to be increased control of the conditions leading to cancer, more general recognition of the preliminary stages of the disease, early diagnosis, and treatment of the established disease. From the consideration of these various functions of the modern cancer research hospital, I think that it must be evident that such an institution not only can justify its existence, but fills a very urgent need without which, progress of cancer research would be handicapped, and much relief that might early be extended to cancer victims would be unavailable. Nor is there any doubt that the function of supporting such an institution is properly exercised by the State, which support should be continuous and liberal”—James Ewing [2]. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor lysis syndrome after combination chemotherapy for ovarian cancer
Authors: Bilgrami Syed F. A. , Fallon Barbara G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor lysis syndrome is infrequently encountered following the treatment of solid tumors. A 47‐year‐old woman developed this syndrome after receiving combination chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. The levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, uric acid, phosphate, and creatinine increased, whereas the serum calcium level decreased. These metabolic abnormalities were treated successfully using a combination of vigorous intravenous hydration, parenteral bicarbonate to keep urinary pH > 7, furosemide, and allopurinol. This unusual and easily treatable complication should be anticipated in patients with rapidly growing ovarian cancer undergoing aggressive treatment. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult type (nonembryonal) soft tissue sarcomas in childhood
Authors: Skene Anthony I. , Barr Lester , Robinsond Martin , Fisher Cyril , Thomas J. Meirion 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNonembryonal soft tissue sarcomas are rare in childhood. We report our experience from a series of 28 patients treated at this centre, whose treatment was based on primary surgical resection. No patient required limb amputation. Anatomical distribution and histological subtypes differed from the adult sarcoma population. A total of 79 percent of the sarcomas were classified as high grade. Six patients (21%) developed local recurrence, and 6 patients (21%) developed distant recurrence, including 3 patients (11%) who developed both. Median follow‐up was 57 months. Actuarial 5 year survival was 82%, which compares favourably with the 5 year survival of adults with high grade soft tissue sarcomas treated at this centre (63%) and with the survival of children with embryonal sarcomas treated by chemotherapy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation for pediatric Wilms' tumor: The experience of the European bone marrow transplantation solid tumor registry
Authors: Garaventa Alberto , Hartmann Olivier , Bernard Jean‐Louis , Zucker Jean‐Marie , Pardo Nuria , Castel Vittoria , Dallorso Sandro , Adelbost Zora , Ladenstein Ruth , Chauvin Franck , Phillip Thierry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis survey includes 25 children with Wilms' tumor undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy associated with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the period June 1984‐December 1991 and enrolled in the European Bone Marrow Transplantation Registry for Solid Tumors. At diagnosis, 12 children presented stage IV disease, 5 stage III, 3 stage II, and 5 stage I. Before ABMT, 21 children had 1 to 4 relapses (median 1); 13 achieved a second or subsequent complete remission (CR), four stage IV children failed to respond to first line treatment and achieved either CR (3 patients), or partial remission (PR) after second line therapy. At high‐dose chemotherapy, 17 children were in CR and 8 had measurable disease. Seven different high‐dose regimens were administered, even if 20 children received melphalan mostly associated with vincristine and 8 involved field radiotherapy. Three children died early of pneumonitis; 2 developed an acute transient renal failure, 1 a chronic renal failure. Out of the 8 children with target disease at graft, 2 died of toxicity, 5 achieved CR, 1 obtained PR, and only 1 is presently alive in CCR at 39 months after ABMT. Of the 17 children grafted in CR, 8 are alive event‐free at 14‐90 months (median 34) from ABMT; 7 relapsed at 3‐23 months (median 7 months); 1 died of toxicity and 1 was lost to follow‐up in CR at 12 months. A salvage attempt with high‐dose chemotherapy in children with resistant or poor prognosis recurrent Wilms' tumor seems to be justified. An international cooperative protocol taking into account the increased risk of lung and renal toxicity is necessary. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of postchemotherapy bioptical verification of complete clinical remission in previously incompletely resected (stage I and II pT3) malignant mesenchymal tumors in children: International society of pediatric oncology 1984 malignant mesenchymal tumors study
Authors: Godzinski Jan , Flamant Françoise , Rey Annie , Praquin Marie‐Thérèse , Martelli Hélène 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBioptical verification of complete clinical remission achieved with postoperative chemotherapy in 140 pediatric patients with nonradically resected stages I and II non‐parameningeal malignant mesenchymal tumors was evaluated. Tumor histology was rhabdomyosarcoma in 92 and nonrhabdomyosarcoma in 48 patients. All were included in the International Society of Pediatric Oncology „1984 Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors Study.”︁ Treatment given after non‐radical surgery and before the biopsy consisted of 3 to 6 IVA courses (ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin D). Complete clinical remission (no tumor at physical examination, X‐rays, sonography, computed tomography, scintigraphy) was bioptically confirmed in 52 rhabdomyosarcoma and 23 nonrhabdomyosarcoma cases, whereas in all the remaining patients (39 rhabdomyosarcoma and 22 nonrhabdomyosarcoma) complete clinical remission was not bioptically verified. Forty‐eight‐month local relapse rates were 51% in bioptically confirmed and 48% in nonbiopsied rhabdomyosarcoma patients. In nonrhabdomyosarcoma cases, relapse rates were 25% and 14%, respectively. In 4 cases, bioptical specimens contained tumor cells. In spite of aggressive treatment, only 1 is actually in remission. The total 48‐month relapse rate (biopsied and nonbiopsied) was significantly higher in rhabdomyosarcoma patients (50%) than in nonrhabdomyosarcoma patients (26%). The value of bioptical verification of complete clinical remission seems to be limited in our series, when known that relapse rate in bioptically confirmed complete remission cases remained high and the outcome in rare „positive biopsy patients”︁ was poor.
Right atrial thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in children with cancer
Authors: Wacker Pierre , Oberhansli Ingrid , Didier Dominique , Bugmann Philippe , Bongard Olivier , Wyss Marinette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRight atrial thrombosis (RAT) is infrequently diagnosed in children with cancer. Once RAT is documented, medical fibrinolysis or surgical thrombectomy is recommended. A RAT was documented in a child with lymphoma and was successfully lysed with recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator. The case is presented and therapeutic options reviewed.
Methotrexate content in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck after low‐dose methotrexate
Authors: Schifeling David J. , George Todd , McGuirt Fred , Capizzi Robert L. , Kamen Barton A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck who were scheduled for surgical resection or endoscopic biopsy of tumor received 15 mg/m2 of methotrexate (MTX). Samples of tumor, normal mucosa, and plasma were obtained at surgery or endoscopy, 18‐24 hours after the last MTX dose. Tissue content and plasma concentration of MTX and folate were measured using sequential radioligand‐binding assays. Median MTX content was 50.0 pmol/g wet weight in tumor, 19.0 in normal mucosa, and <0.5 nM (pmol/ml) in plasma. Since dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) content of human tumors has previously been shown to be less than 5 pmol enzyme/g wet weight, tumor MTX content exceeded expected DHFR content in all but one patient. These data support the concept that low doses of MTX saturate tumor DHFR and that, in this regard, dose escalation may have limited value. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.