bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of magnetic resonance imaging for measurement of equine articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness
Authors: Murray Rachel C. , Branch Marion V. , Tranquille Carolyne , Woods Sarah 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To validate use of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) for measurement of equine articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness by comparison with measurements in histologic specimens.Sample Population—32 cadaveric carpal joints from 16 horses.Procedure—Magnetic resonance imaging was performed by use of 3-dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) and T2* 3-dimensional fast gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences with and without fat saturation. Standard sites on the medial and lateral facets of the intermediate, radial, and third carpal bones were used for subchondral bone and articular cartilage thickness measurements. Digital image analysis software was used for MRI measurements 10 mm from the dorsal extent and perpendicular to the articular surface. Histomorphometric measurements of hyaline, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone thickness were obtained at selected sites. Comparisons between histomorphometric and MRI measurements and between magnetic resonance pulse sequences were evaluated.Results—There were significant correlations between GRE and SPGR and SPGR and histologic measurements of articular cartilage, with no significant difference between measurements and good agreement. When calcified cartilage was excluded from the histologic measurement, MRI measurements were significantly greater than histologic measurements. For subchondral bone thickness, there was significant correlation between GRE and SPGR but GRE was significantly greater than SPGR measurements. Histomorphometric and MRI measurements were strongly correlated and not significantly different.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Magnetic resonance imaging provides a good representation of cartilage and subchondral bone thickness, supporting its use in the study and clinical diagnosis of osteochondral structure and alteration. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1999–2005)
Effects of dietary oils on the development of gastric ulcers in mares
Authors: Frank Nicholas , Andrews Frank M. , Elliott Sarah B. , Lew John 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess antiulcerogenic properties of 3 dietary oils.Animals—8 healthy adult mares.Procedure—A protocol to induce gastric ulcers was used and included 240 mL of water plus corn oil, refined rice bran oil, or crude rice bran oil administered each day for 6 weeks according to a 4 × 4 Latin square randomized crossover design with 5-week washout intervals. A 7-day alternating feed deprivation period was included between weeks 5 and 6. Omeprazole was administered daily for the last 14 days of each washout interval. Endoscopic examinations of the stomach were performed at 0, 5, and 6 weeks, and the number (0 to 4 scale) and severity (0 to 5 scale) of ulcers were scored. Gastric fluid was collected at 0 and 5 weeks.Results—Median body weight significantly increased by 29 kg (range, 10 to 50 kg). Mean ± SE gastric fluid pH significantly decreased from 4.9 ± 0.4 to 3.1 ± 0.3 over 5 weeks, and total volatile fatty acid concentration significantly decreased over time. Mean ± SE severity of nonglandular ulcers significantly increased from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 1.2 ± 0.2 over 5 weeks. Nonglandular ulcers significantly increased in number (mean ± SE, 1.3 ± 0.2 to 3.0 ± 0.2) and severity (mean ± SE, 1.2 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.2) during the 7-day alternating feed deprivation period. No effects of treatment were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this model dietary oils did not prevent gastric ulcers from forming in the nonglandular portion of the stomach of horses. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2006–2011)
Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and its metabolite, norketamine, after intravenous administration of a bolus of ketamine to isoflurane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Pypendop Bruno H. , Ilkiw Jan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.Animals—6 dogs.Procedure—The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was determined in each dog. Isoflurane concentration was then set at 0.75 times the individual's MAC, and ketamine (3 mg/kg) was administered IV. Blood samples were collected at various times following ketamine administration. Blood was immediately centrifuged, and the plasma separated and frozen until analyzed. Ketamine and norketamine concentrations were measured in the plasma samples by use of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Ketamine concentration-time data were fitted to compartment models. Norketamine concentration-time data were examined by use of noncompartmental analysis.Results—The MAC of isoflurane was 1.43 ± 0.18% (mean ± SD). A 2-compartment model best described the disposition of ketamine. The apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment, the apparent volume of distribution at steady state, and the clearance were 371.3 ± 162 mL/kg, 4,060.3 ± 2,405.7 mL/kg, and 58.2 ± 17.3 mL/min/kg, respectively. Norketamine rapidly appeared in plasma following ketamine administration and had a terminal half-life of 63.6 ± 23.9 minutes. A large variability in plasma concentrations, and therefore pharmacokinetic parameters, was observed among dogs for ketamine and norketamine.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, a high variability in the disposition of ketamine appears to exist among individuals. The disposition of ketamine may be difficult to predict in clinical patients. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2034–2038)
Agreement in histologic assessments of the pituitary pars intermedia in aged horses
Authors: McFarlane Dianne , Miller Lisa M. , Craig Linden E. , Dybdal Noel O. , Habecker Perry L. , Miller Margaret A. , Patterson Jon S. , Cribb Alastair E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate concordance among veterinary pathologists in the assessment of histologic findings in the pars intermedia of pituitary gland sections from aged horses with mild signs suggestive of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID).Sample Population—10 pituitary glands from aged horses.Procedure—7 pathologists were provided with signalment, clinical signs, and a single H&E-stained pituitary gland section from 10 aged horses with mild signs suggestive of PPID. Pathologists described histologic findings for each section and stated whether findings were consistent with PPID. Agreement among pathologists and with antemortem diagnostic test results was calculated.Results—Overall, only fair agreement was found among the pathologists as to which horses had histologic findings consistent with disease (mean ± SE kappa value, 0.34 ± 0.069). Interpretation of individual sections varied, with minimal agreement (4 or 5/7 pathologists) for 5 of 10 sections evaluated. Postmortem assessment was in agreement with an antemortem endocrine diagnostic test result 79% of the time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Validation of antemortem diagnostic testing for PPID in horses often relies on the results of postmortem histologic evaluation. The lack of consensus in histologic interpretation of pituitary glands from aged horses with mild clinical signs in our study indicates that postmortem histologic evaluation of pituitary glands is an inappropriate standard in validation of antemortem diagnostic tests for detection of early PPID. Caution should be used when interpreting diagnostic test results in horses in which early PPID is suspected. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2055–2059)
Inflammatory changes in ruptured canine cranial and human anterior cruciate ligaments
Authors: Barrett Jennifer G. , Hao Zhengling , Graf Benjamin K. , Kaplan Lee D. , Heiner John P. , Muir Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K and histologic changes in canine cranial cruciate ligaments (CCLs) and human anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs).Study Population—Sections of cruciate ligaments from 15 dogs with ruptured CCLs, 8 aged dogs with intact CCLs, 14 human beings with ruptured ACLs, and 11 aged human beings with intact ACLs.Procedure—The CCLs and ACLs were evaluated histologically, and cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were identified histochemically and immunohistochemically, respectively.Results—The proportion of ruptured CCLs that contained TRAP+cells was significantly higher than the proportion of intact ACLs that did but similar to proportions of intact CCLs and ruptured ACLs that did. The proportion of ruptured CCLs that contained cathepsin K+cells was significantly increased, compared with all other groups. Numbers of TRAP+and cathepsin K+cells were significantly increased in ruptured CCLs, compared with intact ACLs. The presence of TRAP+cells was correlated with inflammatory changes, which were most prominent in ruptured CCLs.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that synovial macrophage-like cells that produce TRAP are an important feature of the inflammation associated with CCL rupture in dogs. Identification of TRAP and cathepsin K in intact CCLs and ACLs from aged dogs suggests that these enzymes have a functional role in cruciate ligament remodeling and repair. We hypothesize that recruitment and activation of TRAP+macrophage-like cells into the stifle joint synovium and CCL epiligament are critical features of the inflammatory arthritis that promotes progressive degradation and eventual rupture of the CCL in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2073–2080)
Effects of long-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite on incidence of parturient paresis and serum concentrations of total calcium, phosphate, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in dairy cows
Authors: Katsoulos Panagiotis-Dimitrios , Roubies Nikolaos , Panousis Nikolaos , Arsenos Georgios , Christaki Efterpi , Karatzias Harilaos 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether dietary supplementation
with clinoptilolite affects the incidence of
parturient paresis and serum concentrations of total
calcium (tCa), inorganic phosphorus (PO4
2–), magnesium
(Mg2+), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) in dairy
cattle.

Animals—52 dairy cows.

Procedure—Cows were placed into 3 groups. The first
2 groups (group A [n = 17] and group B [17]) were
offered a concentrate supplemented with 1.25% and
2.5% clinoptilolite, respectively. The third (group C [n =
18]) served as a control and was offered the concentrate
alone. The experiment started 1 month before
parturition and lasted until the beginning of the next
nonlactating period. Around the time of calving, all
cows were monitored for the development of parturient
paresis. Blood samples were taken at the commencement
of the experiment, on the day of calving,
and thereafter at monthly intervals to measure serum
tCa, PO4
2–, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ concentrations.

Results—The incidence of parturient paresis in group
B cows was significantly lower, compared with group
C cows. However, serum concentrations of tCa,
PO4
2–, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ were not significantly affected
by long-term supplementation with clinoptilolite.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the context
of this experiment, clinoptilolite supplementation at
2.5% appeared to have reduced the incidence of parturient
paresis in dairy cows, suggesting that its effectiveness
depends on the amount incorporated in the
ration of cows. Addition of clinoptilolite in the concentrate
of dairy cows during the nonlactating period
could be used as a cost-effective preventive treatment
for parturient paresis. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:2081–2085)
Assessment of plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Baumwart Ryan D. , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether Boxers with a clinical
diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
(ARVC) have increased plasma concentrations
of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), compared
with concentrations in clinically normal dogs.

Animals—13 Boxers with ARVC, 9 clinically normal
Boxers, 10 clinically normal non-Boxer dogs, and 5
hound dogs with systolic dysfunction.

Procedure—All Boxers were evaluated via 24-hour
ambulatory electrocardiography and echocardiography;
the number of ventricular premature contractions
(VPCs) per 24 hours was assessed. Hound
dogs with cardiac pacing-induced systolic dysfunction
(positive control dogs) and clinically normal non-Boxer
dogs (negative control dogs) were evaluated
echocardiographically. Three milliliters of blood was
collected from each dog for measurement of plasma
BNP concentration by use of a radioimmunoassay.

Results—Mean ± SD plasma BNP concentration for
the ARVC-affected Boxers, clinically normal Boxers,
negative control dogs, and positive control dogs was
11.0 ± 4.6 pg/mL, 7.9 ± 3.2 pg/mL, 11.5 ± 4.9 pg/mL,
and 100.8 ± 56.8 pg/mL, respectively. Compared with
findings in the positive control group, plasma BNP
concentration in each of the other 3 groups was significantly
different. There was no significant difference
in BNP concentration between the 2 groups of
Boxers. A significant correlation between plasma BNP
concentration and number of VPCs per 24 hours in
the ARVC-affected Boxers was not identified.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A significant
difference in BNP concentration between Boxers with
ARVC and clinically normal Boxers was not identified.
Results suggest that BNP concentration may not be
an indicator of ARVC in Boxers. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:2086–2089)
Gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in tracheobronchial lavage fluid obtained from calves with concurrent infections of Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma bovirhinis
Authors: Simonen-Jokinen Terhi L. M. , Eskelinen Ulla M. , Härtel Heidi M. , Nikunen Sanna K. , Saloniemi Hannu S. , Maisi Päivi S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To study gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tracheobronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) obtained from clinically normal calves and calves withPasteurella multocidainfection.Sample Population—Samples of TBLF obtained from 11 calves with clinical signs of respiratory tract disease and growth ofP multocidaandMycoplasmaspp during culture of TBLF and samples of TBLF from 6 clinically normal calves with no bacterial growth during culture of TBLF.Procedure—MMPs in TBLF were analyzed by use of gelatin zymography. Gelatinases were identified on the basis of molecular weights and inhibition by EDTA.Results—The main gelatinolytic MMPs detected were the proform (90 to 110 kd) and active form (75 to 85 kd) of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and the proform (67 to 75 kd) and active form (< 65 kd) of MMP-2 (gelatinase A). Increased amounts of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected in TBLF of calves with respiratory tract disease, compared with amounts of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 in TBLF of clinically normal calves. Concurrent infection withMycoplasma bovirhinisin calves with pneumonia attributable toP multocidawas associated with higher concentrations of MMP-9.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The host response toP multocidaincludes increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations in TBLF. Greater amounts of MMPs detected in calves with concurrentM bovirhinisandP multocidainfection indicates synergism between these organisms. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2101–2106)
Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin after intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses
Authors: Rubio-Martínez Luis M. , López-Sanromán Javier , Cruz Antonio M. , Santos Martín , Andrés Manuel San , Román Fidel San 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate clinical variables, regional concentrations, and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in the synovial fluid of distal forelimb joints of horses after IV regional limb perfusion.Animals—6 horses.Procedure—Vancomycin was administered via IV regional limb perfusion to the distal portion of the forelimbs of anesthetized horses. Drug (300 mg of vancomycin hydrochloride in 60 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) was infused into 1 forelimb, whereas the contralateral limb served as a control and was perfused with 60 mL of saline solution. Solutions were injected into the lateral digital vein after digital exsanguination. Synovial fluid from the metacarpophalangeal (MTCP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints and systemic blood were collected prior to perfusion and 15, 30, 45, 65, and 90 minutes after initiation of the infusion. Synovial fluid from the MTCP joint and blood were also obtained at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after infusion. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations, degree of lameness, and certain clinical variables involving the MTCP joint and infusion site were assessed for 7 days. Results were compared between the vancomycin treatment and control groups.Results—No complications or significant differences in renal function, lameness, or clinical variables were observed between groups. Vancomycin concentrations exceeded 4 µg/mL in MTCP joints for approximately 20 hours. Higher concentrations were reached in DIP joints than in MTCP joints.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV regional limb perfusion with 300 mg of vancomycin as a 0.5% solution was safe and may be useful in horses as treatment for distal limb infections. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2107–2113)
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of ketamine infusions in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs before and during noxious stimulation
Authors: Boscan Pedro , Pypendop Bruno H. , Solano Adrian M. , Ilkiw Jan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the effects of ketamine administration on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and on acid-base balance and to record adverse effects of ketamine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.Animals—6 healthy adult mongrel dogs.Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.25 times the individual minimum alveolar concentration) in oxygen, and ketamine was administered IV to target pseudo–steady-state plasma concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8, and 11 µg/mL. Isoflurane concentration was reduced to an equipotent concentration. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and acid-base variables; body temperature; urine production; and adverse effects were recorded before and during noxious stimulation. Cardiac index, stroke index, rate-pressure product, systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, left ventricular stroke work index, right ventricular stroke work index, arterial oxygen concentration, mixed-venous oxygen concentration, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure gradient, and venous admixture were calculated. Plasma ketamine and norketamine concentrations were measured.Results—Overall, ketamine administration improved ventilation, oxygenation, hemodynamics, and oxygen delivery in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs in a dosedependent manner. With the addition of ketamine, core body temperature was maintained or increased and urine production was maintained at an acceptable amount. However, at the higher plasma ketamine concentrations, adverse effects such as spontaneous movement and profuse salivation were observed. Myoclonus and dysphoria were observed during recovery in most dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infusion of ketamine appears to be a suitable technique for balanced anesthesia with isoflurane in dogs. Plasma ketamine concentrations between 2 to 3 µg/mL elicited the most benefits with minimal adverse effects. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2122–2129)
Association between the existence of calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and commingling on pen morbidity in feedlot cattle
Authors: O'Connor Annette M. , Sorden Steven D. , Apley Michael D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the association between the existence of a calf persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and pen morbidity.Animals—5,041 calves in 50 pens at a feedlot in Iowa.Procedure—In a longitudinal study, ear notches were collected from cattle and tested for BVDV antigen. Characteristics of each pen (owner, sex, disease rate, number of groups, and source) were recorded. The association between the existence of a BVDV–PI calf and morbidity in each pen was examined.Results—Commingling was associated with an increase in respiratory tract disease (odds ratio [OR], 3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 3.6). Ten BVDV–PI calves (10/5,041 [0.2%]) were identified in 8 of 50 pens. A BVDV–PI calf was associated with reduced pen-level respiratory tract disease (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9). Disease prevalence (mean ± SD morbidity, 7.9 ± 3.1%) was lowest in pens containing single-source cattle and a BVDV–PI calf (4 pens containing 302 cattle), compared with single-source cattle with no BVDV–PI calf (mean morbidity, 11.89 ± 9.7%; 31 pens containing 3,093 cattle), commingled cattle with no BVDV–PI calf (mean morbidity, 29.3 ± 16.22%; 11 pens containing 1,127 cattle), and commingled cattle with a BVDV–PI calf (mean morbidity, 28.6 ± 10.1%; 4 pens containing 519 cattle).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Commingling was the greatest risk factor associated with morbidity in each pen. A BVDV–PI calf in a pen was not associated with increased disease prevalence in commingled groups. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2130–2134)
Evaluation of surveillance and sample collection methods to document freedom from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle populations
Authors: Chriel Mariann , Salman M. D. , Wagner Bruce A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To assess the sensitivity of the current
surveillance program used in Denmark for detecting
outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) at
the herd level and to evaluate the impact of alternative
sample collection strategies on the sensitivity of
the system in an acceptable time frame.

Sample Population—Data from the Danish Central
Husbandry Register on cattle of 24,355 and 25,233
beef herds and on 13,034 and 12,003 dairy herds in
the years 2000 and 2001, respectively.

Procedures—Surveillance programs were evaluated
under current sample collection conditions and under
3 alternative scenarios by use of simulation modeling.
Data from the current detection component of the
surveillance system were used as input, taking into
consideration the sensitivity and specificity of bulktank
milk and serologic testing.

Results—The current system identifies infected dairy
herds within a 3-month period with desired accuracy
largely because of the test characteristics and number
of bulk-tank milk samples. The system is less likely
to detect infected beef herds in a timely manner
because surveillance in beef herds depends solely on
serologic testing at the time of slaughter. The efficiency
of surveillance in dairy cattle herds was not
decreased substantially when the slaughter-surveillance
component was omitted.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Geographically
targeted sample collection during the high-risk
season (winter) was predicted to increase the probability
of rapid detection of IBR infection in cattle. This
approach can be used for assessing other surveillance
systems to determine the best strategies for detection
of infected herds. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:2149–2153)