bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Poisson approximation to predict the isotopic distribution of sulphur‐containing peptides in a peptide‐centric proteomic approach
Authors: Valkenborg Dirk , Assam Pryseley , Thomas Grégoire , Krols Luc , Kas Koen , Burzykowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBreen et al. (Electrophoresis 2000; 21: 2243) proposed a method for finding monoisotopic peptide peaks in mass spectra based on an approximation of the distribution of different isotopic variants of a peptide by a Poisson distribution. They developed the method using all protein sequences from the SWISS‐PROT database. We investigate the suitability of this method to predict the isotopic distribution in an environment which enriches for peptides carrying sulphur. More specifically, we focus on mass spectra obtained by a COmbined FRActional DIagonal Chromatography (COFRADIC) approach, developed by Gevaert et al. (Nature Biotechnology 2003; 21: 566), targeting a specific subset of peptides, in this case the N‐terminal peptides. One can therefore ask whether the original results of Breen et al. apply to spectra generated by the particular COFRADIC method. We investigate whether the proposed approximation holds for N‐terminal peptides. We also evaluate whether ignoring sulphur atoms while developing the approximation, as proposed by Breen et al., does not increase the risk of missing monoisotopic peaks corresponding to sulphur‐containing peptides. Finally, we check the sensitivity of the quality of the approximation to optimization criteria used in the development process. The results are not simply restricted to a COFRADIC setting but are also applicable more generally, for any method which enriches for sulphur‐containing peptides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An international study: Effect of farm manure on the release of phosphorus from fly ash
Authors: Urvashi  , Masto R. Ebhin , Selvi V. A. , Ram L. C. , Srivastava N. K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFly ash is abundantly produced from thermal power plants and is considered a hazardous waste. However, in recent years, fly ash has been widely utilized in the agricultural sector as a soil modifier. It is particularly important for wasteland/mine spoil reclamation due to its ability to provide a source of plant nutrients and improve physicochemical properties of soil. Although fly ash itself contains many plant nutrients, most nutrients, including phosphorus (P), are in a bound form not easily available to plants. This study analyzed the effect of farm manure on the solubility of P from fly ash. Incubation studies were conducted to determine the effect of farm manure on P solubilization to use as a potential option for remediation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formerly utilized sites remedial action program “completed” sites: Lessons for long‐term stewardship
Authors: Abbotts John , Takaro Tim K. , Weems Charles 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) covers inactive commercial, federal, and university facilities that once supported activities of the Manhattan Project or Atomic Energy Commission. Current responsibilities, established by a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), are split between the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The MOU distinguishes between facilities remediated before 1997 (“completed” sites) and those where remediation remained to be completed at that time. This article evaluates activities conducted at completed sites with regard to considerations for long‐term stewardship, which is defined by the US DOE as all activities necessary to protect human health and the environment after remediation is considered complete. Experience with these FUSRAP sites provides “lessons learned” for the requirements of satisfactory long‐term stewardship. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatigue life investigation of solid and hollow rollers under pure normal loading
Authors: Abu‐Jadayil W.M. , Flugrad D.R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo solid and hollow cylindrical rollers in pure rolling contact subjected to pure normal loading have been modelled. Using a finite element package called ABAQUS, the stress and strain distributions in the two rollers in contact have been determined. The relative fatigue life of the hollow rollers compared to solid rollers has been investigated using the fatigue life model for rolling bearings developed by Ioannides and Harris. Different hollowness percentages have been studied: 20, 40, 60 and 80%. The hollowness percentage is the ratio of the diameter of the hole to the outer diameter of the cylinder. Both cases were studied – when the two rollers in contact are hollow and when only one of them is hollow while the other one is solid. Making the rollers hollow will result in redistribution of stresses over a larger volume in the contact zone due to the flexibility of the hollow rollers. That decreases the peak stress in the contact zone of the hollow cylinder when compared to the solid cylinder. Hollow cylinders have more flexibility when subjected to normal loading. And so, the stresses are redistributed so that the fatigue life is improved. The best stress redistribution and so fatigue life improvements have been found when both cylinders have around 60% hollowness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle movement patterns and their prediction in abrasive flow machining
Authors: Fang Liang , Sun Kun , Cen Qihong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAbrasive particle movement pattern is an important factor in estimating the wear rate of materials, especially, as it is closely related to the burring, buffing and polishing efficiency of the abrasive flow machining (AFM) process. There are generally two kinds of particle movement patterns in the AFM process, i.e. sliding–rubbing and rolling. In mechanism, AFM grain–workpiece interaction is taking place in any one or a combination of the possible modes: elastic/plastic deformation by sliding–rubbing grain movement; elastic/plastic deformation by rolling grain movement; chip formation (micro‐cutting) by rubbing grain movement; ridges formation by rubbing and rolling grain movement; and low‐cycle fatigue wear. Therefore, the machining efficiency of a machine part is predominantly dependent upon the particle movement patterns. In this paper, normal load, particle size and hardness of machine parts were investigated to understand the involved parameters of particle movement patterns and propose a computer statistic prediction of particle movement patterns. It has been found that there are two cases. In case of large‐size particles, the ratio of rolling particles is increased with increasing normal load. For small‐size particles, the ratio of grooving particles is increased with increasing normal load and vice versa. When normal load is light, the particle size cannot usually give an effect on movement patterns. That influence will be predominant under heavy normal load. Most of the particles will tend to groove when the particle size is below a certain value. Hardness of the material and their hardness difference for tribological pairs are other important monitors in predicting particle movement patterns. In this research, increasing hardness of materials results in more rolling particles, which results in much less cutting particles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial organization and spatial distribution of activities within home ranges in a Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) captive population
Authors: Mechkour Farah , Maublanc Marie‐Line , Bideau Eric , Gerard Jean‐François , Pépin Dominique 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe studied over 1 year the spatial organization and the spatial distribution of activities in a captive springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) population living in an 18‐ha enclosure located in southern France. Throughout the study period, the two adult males occupied fairly exclusive home ranges, in the overlapping part of which the three subadult males were restricted. The spatial and temporal distribution of aggressive, marking, and avoidance behavior of males showed that the two adults were territorial, except during summer. They accounted for 71% of all marking behaviors recorded, for 77% of the aggressive behavior, and for 91% of the sexual interactions, whereas subadult males accounted for 94% of the avoidance behavior observed. The adult females used the whole enclosure, moving through the males' home ranges. They fed everywhere, but they all had the same preferred resting area, located in the center of the territory of one of the two adult males. They gave birth, accounted for maternal behavior and were engaged in sexual interactions in sectors differing from one individual to the other, but mainly outside the sector where all males' home ranges overlapped. Our results are compared to those reported in natural conditions and lead us to discuss both the functional interpretations of marking behavior, and the signification of a home range for an ungulate. Zoo Biol 27:19–35, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Saturated and Unsaturated Wax Esters Produced by Acinetobacter sp. HO1‐N Grown on C16‐C20n‐Alkanes
Authors: Dewitt S. , Ervin J. L. , Howes‐Orchison D. , Dalietos D. , Neidleman S. L. , Geigert J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe wax ester compositions produced by the action of Acinetobacter sp. HO1‐N on n‐alkanes (C16 through C20) were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The wax esters contained, surprisingly, a large percentage of mono‐and diunsaturated components. The acyl and alkoxy segments are reported for each wax ester component. Also, the positions of the carbon‐carbon double bonds in the wax esters produced from the C16 and C20 n‐alkanes are reported. These microbial‐produced wax ester mixtures bear a close chemical similarity to those of sperm whale and jojoba oils.
Kinetics of Bleaching of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Brimberg U. I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIt was shown in a recent paper that the concentration c of remaining chlorophyll or carotene in rapeseed oil during the bleaching process follows a rate formula, log c/co =– k √t, characteristic of flocculation of colloids. Thus, the pigments are particulate and colloidally dispersed in the oil. The rate constant k was proportional to the added amount of clay. This paper reports experiments with palm oil. The same kinetics as those with rapeseed are valid. The effects of various parameters on the rate have been studied. The mechanism of the process is discussed.
Characteristics of Laboratory‐Processed: Cucurbita foetidissima Seed Oil
Authors: Vasconcellos J. A. , Berry J. W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe effects of variations in laboratory processing on the quality of the seed oil of the buffalo gourd, Cucurbita foetidissima, were determined. Conditions found most effective were: triple refining at 65 C for 15 min using 16°Be and 20°Be NaOH at 80% of maximum and 20°Be NaOH at the maximum; bleaching at 105 C for 30 min by a mixture of activated bleaching earth (3%) and activated carbon (0.3%); and deodorization with 5% steam at 210 C for 120 min. Processed oil showed these analytical values: carotenoids (3.6 mg/kg), free fatty acids (0.28%), peroxide (0.2 meq/kg), conjugated unsaturated fatty acids (1.59%). Oxidative stability test (AOM) conditions gave peroxide values of 100 in 4.9 hr and 141 in 8 hr. The triglyceride fatty acid composition was 11.9% palmitic, 3.5% stearic, 22.0% oleic and 61.0% linoleic acid.
The effect of glycols on the hydrophile‐lipophile balance and the micelle formation of nonionic surfactants
Authors: Marszall Leszek , Van Valkenburg J. Wade 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThe empirical hydrophile‐liophile balance (HLB) value of nonionic surfactants is an important parameter used to predict performance as, e.g., emulsifiers, solubilizers and wetting agents. However, the HLB value is based on an original molecular structure and does not take into account all the factors affecting the performance of nonionics, such as presence of additives, type of solvent, temperature, degree of hydration, structural modifications of the surfactant molecule and decomposition of surfactants. On a performance basis, where these factors come into play, a given nonionic surfactant may exhibit a multiplicity of apparent HLB values. Accordingly, we recently introduced the term “effective HLB value” which is a performance value which incorporates into the HLB the parameters listed above. The HLB value thus becomes a variable depending on the physical and chemical conditions at the time of the measurement. In this work, we investigated the effect of adding glycols and diglycols on the HLB using 3 different methods: cloud point, phenol index and critical micelle concentration (cmc). We found that this type of additive increases the cloud point, phenol index, cmc and the “effective HLB” of a polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactant. The effectiveness of the glycols in causing these increases was in the following order; dipropylene glycol > 1,4‐butanediol > 1,2‐propanediol > diethylene glycol > ethylene glycol. The solvent effect of glycols and diglycols on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions of the surfactant molecule are discussed. On the hydrocarbon part of the surfactant molecule, the solvents cause a weakening of the hydrophobic bond and an increase in the cmc. On the polyoxyethylene part of the molecule, the solvent may cause either an increase or a decrease in the cmc. The effect on the hydro‐philic portion is related to hydrogen bonding exhibited by the additives. The results obtained again suggest that the effective HLB value, which is a measure of the HLB under operative conditions, may be of greater practical significance than calculated HLB.
Minimizing protein insolubilization during thermal inactivation of lipoxygenase in soybean cotyledons
Authors: Brown B. D. , Wei L. S. , Steinberg M. P. , Villota R. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThe objective was to develop a procedure for inactivating lipoxy‐genase in soybean cotyledons without losing protein solubility. The approach was to moisten cotyledons to one of 2 levels in soft water or carbonate buffers, steam for a short time, hold for a definite period at a known temperature, cool and analyze for enzyme activity and protein solubility. Temperature dependence of both inactivation and insolubilization kinetics was determined. Increasing temperature of steaming and holding favored our objective. At 16.3% moisture, the pH 9.8 buffer was beneficial but the pH 10.8 buffer was not. The holding period was not beneficial compared to steaming alone. Recommended conditions were adjustment of cotyledon moisture to 16.3% with pH 9.8 buffer and then heating in steam for about 10 sec; at temperatures of 91 C and above, 99% of the lipoxygenase could be inactivated with retention of over 70% protein solubility. The effect of buffers on kinetics of heat inactivation and insolubilization appeared to be related to the states of hydration water, i.e., the presence of solute water at the higher moisture content.
A Rapid Synthesis of Fatty Acyl Urea Derivatives
Authors: Micich T. J. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTFat‐based aliphatic amides react with aromatic isocyanates in refluxing xylene generally within 1 hr to form crystalline acylaryl urea compounds in 50‐80% yields. The reaction appears to be general with either component being aliphatic or aromatic. Although the reaction occurs in various solvents, xylene is the preferred solvent in which the reactions were completed within 4 hr for the chosen amides and isocyanates. The progress of the reaction was conveniently monitored by infrared through the disappearance of the intense isocyanate band at 2258 cm−1.
Mafura Nut Oil and Meal: Processing and Purification
Authors: Fupi V. W. K. , Mork P. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe seeds of the tropical tree known as mafura (Trichilia emetica) contain significant amounts of oil and protein. So far, commercial use of the mafura seeds has been prevented by the presence of a strong bitter and emetic taste, as well as a brownish color in both oil and meal. A refining procedure which gives edible oil with acceptable organoleptic properties has been developed. The raw meal has been extracted with aqueous alcohol to give a debittered meal with a protein content of about 36%. The amino acid composition of the meal was found to be comparable to that of other vegetable food proteins, except for a relatively low content of sulfur‐containing amino acids. The brown color has been shown to result from browning reactions taking place during storage and processing. Most of the color may be removed by repeated treatments with dilute sodium hydroxide, followed by bleaching with earth and activated carbon.
Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acid Content and Iodine Value of Crude Oils from Indian Cottonseed
Authors: Pandey S. N. , Suri L. K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCyclopropenoid fatty acid (CPFA) and iodine value (IV) of oils extracted from 30 varieties of cottonseed belonging to 4 botanical species, Gossypium arboreum, G. herbaceum, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, have been reported. The CPFA determined by HBr titration method ranged from 0.66 to 1.51%. The IV of the oils ranged from 93.3 to 111.2. CPFA contents were significantly different among the species and nonsignificant within the species. The mean values of CPFA for different species were 0.67 (G. bar‐badense), 0.83 (G. hirsutum), 1.14 (G. berbaceum) and 1.40% (G. arboreum). There was no correlation between IV and CPFA content.
Synthesis of EDTA‐monoalkylamide chelates and evaluation of the surface‐active properties
Authors: Takeshita Toshio , Shimohara Taka‐Aki , Maeda Shigeru 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTNew chelating agents were synthesized from long‐chain amines and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) monoanhydride which was prepared by partial hydrolysis of EDTA anhydride. The equivalent reactions between the chelating agents and several metal ions gave the corresponding 1:1 metal chelates in good yield. These chelates and the sodium salts of the chelating agents were found to have good surface active properties, especially dispersing power and emul‐sifying power.
Effect of quaternary ammonium substitution of hydroxyethylcellulose on binding of dodecyl sulfate
Authors: Ohbu K. , Hiraishi O. , Kashiwa I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe binding behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to quater‐nary ammonium substituted hydroxyethylcellulose (cationic cellu‐lose) of varying degree of substitution was studied by the following measurements: binding isotherms of SDS to cationic cellulose, dye solubilization of the cationic cellulose/SDS complex, partial molal volume of each cationic cellulose, and spin‐lattice relaxation time of SDS protons in the course of binding. Binding isotherms showed features similar to that observed for the globular protein/SDS system. The molecular processes of complex formation between cationic cellulose and SDS is discussed based on these results.
Progress report of the AOCS flavor nomenclature and standards committee
Authors: Waltking A. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOver the past 5 years, 2 collaborative studies have been organized to evaluate the gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) methods for flavor of edible oils. The most recent of these studies compared the results from 5 GLC procedures to the evaluations of the flavor panels of 8 laboratories. While the GLC procedures proved to be more precise than the panels, it was shown that separate correlation equations must be developed for each type of oil, each degree of hydrogenation or blending, and each manner of storage or abuse of the samples. Thus, either a flavor panel must always be available to establish a reference point for any study to be made, or GLC flavor methods must be recognized as providing a direct, but rela‐tive, evaluation for “oil quality.”
Land‐use conversion effects on CO2 emissions: from agricultural to hybrid poplar plantation
Authors: Saurette D. D. , Chang S. X. , Thomas B. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLand‐use changes such as deforestation have been considered one of the main contributors to increased greenhouse gas emissions, while verifiable C sequestration through afforestation projects is eligible to receive C credits under the Kyoto Protocol. We studied the short‐term effects on CO2 emissions of converting agricultural land‐use (planted to barley) to a hybrid poplar (Populusdeltoids × Populus × petrowskyana var. Walker) plantation in the Parkland region in northern Alberta, where large areas are being planted to hybrid poplars. CO2 emissions were measured using a static gas chamber method. No differences were found in soil temperature, volumetric moisture content, or soil respiration rates between the barley and Walker plots. The mean soil respiration rate in 2005 was 1.83 ± 0.19 (mean ± 1 SE) and 1.89 ± 0.13 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in the barley and Walker plots, respectively. However, biomass production was higher in the barley plots, indicating that the agricultural land‐use system had a greater ability to fix atmospheric CO2. The C balance in the land‐use systems were estimated to be a small net gain (before considering straw and grain removal through harvesting) of 0.03 ± 0.187 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the barley plots and a net loss of 3.35 ± 0.080 Mg C ha−1 year−1 from the Walker poplar plots. Over the long‐term, we expect the hybrid poplar plantation to become a net C sink as the trees grow bigger and net primary productivity increases.
Binding Energy of Hydrogen-Like Impurities in Quantum Well Wires of InSb/GaAs in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Poghosyan B Zh 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The binding energy of a hydrogen-like impurity in a thin size-quantized wire of the InSb/GaAs semiconductors with Kane’s dispersion law in a magnetic fieldB parallel to the wire axis has been calculated as a function of the radius of the wire and magnitude ofB, using a variational approach. It is shown that when wire radius is less than the Bohr radius of the impurity, the nonparabolicity of dispersion law of charge carriers leads to a considerable increase of the binding energy in the magnetic field, as well as to a more rapid growth of binding energy with growth ofB.
The Role of Intrinsic and Surface States on the Emission Properties of Colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Morello Giovanni , Anni Marco , Cozzoli PantaleoDavide , Manna Liberato , Cingolani Roberto , De Giorgi Milena 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Time Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements on the picosecond time scale (temporal resolution of 17 ps) on colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs) were performed. Transient PL spectra reveal three emission peaks with different lifetimes (60 ps, 460 ps and 9–10 ns, from the bluest to the reddest peak). By considering the characteristic decay times and by comparing the energetic separations among the states with those theoretically expected, we attribute the two higher energy peaks to ± 1
U
and ± 1
L
bright states of the fine structure picture of spherical CdSe QDs, and the third one to surface states emission. We show that the contribution of surface emission to the PL results to be different for the two samples studied (67% in the CdSe QDs and 32% in CdSe/ZnS QDs), confirming the decisive role of the ZnS shell in the improvement of the surface passivation.