bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt effects on the hydrophilic‐lipophilic deviation (HLD) equation
Authors: Leonard Marlee , Chaleshtari Zahra Abbasian , Adamy Steven T. , Zehr Robert T. , Sabatini Dave , Harwell Jeffrey H. , Grady Brian P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe hydrophilic–lipophilic difference (HLD) equation is being used extensively for designing oil‐in‐water based surfactant systems to maximize oil solubility and minimize oil–water interfacial tension. However, the equation was developed for and almost always presumes that the salt is sodium chloride. The work described in this paper extends the equation to other monovalent cations (Li, K) and divalent anions (CO3). The equation was adjusted for molecular weight and the number of cations in the salt. For anionic surfactants, the Hofmeister series successfully qualitatively predicts that the salt concentration to reach HLD = 0 scales with Li > Na > K, that is, the surfactant with lithium requires more salt for the water to reach the hydrophobicity required. Although the exact salt concentration depends on the anionic surfactant headgroup, the difference in optimal salinity between two cations appears to not be dependent on headgroup. Also, CO3 reduces the activity of the cation as compared to Cl. For narrow‐range alcohol ethoxylates, there is little difference between Na and K; while Li requires more salt for a given increase in hydrocarbon number of carbons to reach HLD = 0. A broad‐range ethoxylate gives inconsistent results, which we attribute to the finite solubility of some surfactant components in the oil.
Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysate process of Volvariella volvacea and analysis of volatile flavor compounds in Maillard reaction
Authors: Shi Ke , Li Zhenqi , Xue Lixin , Song Huanlu , Zhang Yu , Liao Yongcheng , Shi Huan , Shi Weifeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible fungi seasoning not only enhances umami flavor but also improves nutritional value in the production of traditional Chinese cuisine. Volvariella volvacea is a typical tropical and subtropical tasty edible fungus, with an annual production in China reaching 330, 000 tons, accounting for 80% of the global yield. Therefore, the high‐value utilization of V. volvacea has become one of the current research hotspots. This study aimed to determine the optimal reaction conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysate and Maillard reaction (MR) products of V. volvacea and to identify the odor compounds in the enzymatic hydrolysate and MR products of V. volvacea to enhance the umami taste of V. volvacea.ResultsThe optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysate were a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10, pH 5.5, enzyme concentration of 4000 U g−1 (cellulase:Protamex™ = 1:1), a cellulase hydrolysis time of 90 min, followed by ProtamexTM hydrolysis for 120 min, resulting in optimal umami. An MR was performed to further release umami compounds in V. volvacea. The optimal conditions for the MR were determined to be 3% xylose, 5% cysteine, 110 °C, 80 min, and pH 6.0. Finally, odor compounds before and after the MR of V. volvacea were analyzed using two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐olfactometry–mass spectrometry. The results revealed that chicoric ketone (sweet) was the most abundant (125.78 ± 11.71 μg kg−1), followed by furfural (bread; 107.21 ± 2.83 μg kg−1) and 2‐methylfuran (chocolate; 90.27 ± 2.66 μg kg−1).ConclusionThis study provides more information for further studies on the umami compounds of V. volvacea and a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of V. volvacea. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantum dots for display: A review of three key milestones
Authors: Coe‐Sullivan Seth 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Aleksey Yekimov, Professor Louis Brus, and Professor Moungi Bawendi for their pioneering work in the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots (QD). QDs have become a major materials component of modern displays, initially in commercial LCD products starting in 2013 and more recently in a new generation of QD‐OLED TVs. The Nobel Prize was given largely for chemistry work done up to and including the 1990s, when LCD TV displays still were a technology of the future. In this review, we will explore three moments in history that led to the current QD commercial display age built on the foundation of the magnificent science of the 1990s that led to the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Patients With Giant Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma, Who Are They?—A Psychosocial Profile
Authors: Kurian Keerthi E. , Yong Jenica Su‐Ern , Oyer Samuel L. , Park Stephen S. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveGiant basal cell carcinoma (GBCC) of the face is a rare, disfiguring entity with poorly understood psychological challenges and factors contributing to social isolation. This study evaluates the reasons for delays in care in this patient population.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with GBCC of the face (>5 cm) treated at a tertiary care academic center from January 2003 to May 2024 was conducted. The clinical course, time to presentation, insurance type, and geographic factors were analyzed to identify causes for delay. Telephone interviews assessed reasons for delays in care. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered and compared with a control group.ResultsA total of 39 patients with GBCC were identified; 16 patients consented to interviews. The average lesion length was 64.5 mm. Patients presented on average 6 years (range: 0.5–18 years) after noticing the lesion, citing denial or financial concerns as reasons for delay. HADS results showed increased anxiety (p = 0.01) compared with controls. Additionally, 33.3% of patients reported habitual alcohol use, and 43.8% lived alone. Geographical analysis showed lower high school graduation rates (p < 0.001). No significant socioeconomic predictors for insurance type or treatment delays were found.ConclusionThis study reveals the substantial psychosocial challenges experienced by patients with GBCC of the face. Increased anxiety, social isolation, and lower education levels contribute to delays in care. This subpopulation would benefit from targeted social support and health literacy interventions as they may be crucial to their final treatment recommendations and outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2025
Impacts of Grassland Use Types on Soil Ciliate Communities in the Northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Fengchu , Biswas Asim , Adamowski Jan F. , Cao Jianjun , Zhang Xiaofang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSoil ciliates, crucial components of grassland ecosystems, serve as sensitive bioindicators of soil health and disturbance. This study investigates ciliate communities across four grassland use types in the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP): seasonal and continuous grazing in natural grasslands (SGG and CGG, respectively), artificial perennial Elymus nutans Griseb. grasslands (PEG) for seasonal grazing, and artificial annual Avena sativa L. grasslands (AAG) for forage. Using live observation techniques, we identified 114 ciliate species from 10 classes and 21 orders, with Haptorida and Sporadotrichia emerging as dominant groups. Our findings revealed that the grazed grasslands harbored greater endemic ciliate species richness compared with AAG. SGG and CGG exhibited significantly higher ciliate diversity than other types, while PEG and SGG supported higher ciliate abundances. Low Jaccard similarity indices between grassland use types indicated distinct ciliate communities, reflecting management‐induced environmental heterogeneity. Redundancy analysis identified above‐ground biomass and soil pH as primary drivers of ciliate community structure. Notably, SGG promoted the highest ciliate diversity, suggesting its potential as a sustainable management practice for maintaining soil health in the QTP. This research provides crucial insights into the relationship between grassland management and soil ciliate diversity in high‐altitude grasslands. Our findings support the implementation of moderate grazing practices to enhance soil quality and ecosystem resilience in the QTP, with implications for sustainable management of similar ecosystems worldwide.
Respiratory‐Swallow Coordination of Uncued Swallows in Dysphagic and Tracheotomized Patients
Authors: Gerbert Martin , Segler Veronika , Adam Julia , Ernst Arneborg , Riebold Benjamin , Mittmann Philipp , Seidl Rainer 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory‐swallow coordination (RSC) in healthy, dysphagic, and subjects with blocked, unblocked or without tracheostomy cannula (TC) over 2 h with focus on unintended deglutition.MethodsIn a single center (cross‐sectional) observational study, a total of 65 subjects were included. Swallowing processes were recorded using RehaIngest (Hasomed GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany), combining electromyography (EMG) and bioimpedance (BI) inputs. Group differences were calculated using non‐parametric tests, the influences of age and gender were evaluated using regression analysis.ResultsRespiratory patterns from 3761 swallows were evaluated. Nineteen healthy and 46 dysphagic subjects, including 15 without TC, 15 with blocked TC and 16 with unblocked TC, were recorded. In the dysphagia cohort unblocked and without TC demonstrated increased post‐deglutitive expiration (p = 0.012, p = 0.001) and a decrease in post‐deglutitive inspiration (p = 0.028, p = 0.013) compared with healthy probands. In addition, a higher proportion of subjects demonstrating post‐deglutitive expiration was recorded amongst probands with unblocked TC compared to blocked TC (p = 0.012). Neither age nor gender significantly impacted the aforementioned outcomes.ConclusionOur novel cross‐sectional study shows that the RSC adapts in a compensatory fashion in the acquired dysphagia cohort. The adaptation depends on the occurrence of dysphagia and the type of TC. If the TC cuff is blocked, patients likely have an inadequate adaptation of the RSC, mainly because of the absence of a transglottic air flow. These findings indicate that RSC and TC care should be closely incorporated into clinical routine to improve dysphagia therapy.Level of Evidence1
Pre‐aged organic matter dominates organic carbon burial in a major perialpine lake system
Authors: Mittelbach Benedict V. A. , Brunmayr Alexander S. , White Margot E. , Rhyner Timo M. Y. , Haghipour Negar , Blattmann Thomas M. , Wessels Martin , Dubois Nathalie , Eglinton Timothy I. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOrganic carbon (OC) burial in lake sediments is comparable to that in marine sediments globally. However, climatic and carbon cycle implications depend on the origin of buried OC. This study utilizes high‐resolution radiocarbon (14C) measurements in combination with stable carbon isotopes (13C) and total organic carbon/total nitrogen ratios to constrain sources and ages of OC deposited since the early 20th century in Lake Constance, the second‐largest lake in central Europe. We differentiate between aquatic, pre‐aged soil, and fossil rock‐derived (petrogenic) OC. The shape and magnitude of the 14C bomb spike recorded in the sediment profile indicate the sequestration of recently synthesized biospheric OC with a complex overlay from different OC sources. We find that soil‐derived OC is the dominant component of sedimentary OC, with a mean transit time in the catchment of around 110 yr. Additionally, we quantified the 14C dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the lake, which can be modeled with a mean transit time of around 10 yr. An ordinary kriging spatial analysis revealed that the Alpine Rhine delta and the profundal areas are the primary loci for allochthonous OC deposition. Lake‐wide surface sediment OC fluxes were spatially heterogeneous but averaged 52.0 gC m−2 yr−1, where 26.7 gC m−2 yr−1 of mostly stable, allochthonous OC are buried long term. This study highlights the necessity of accounting for both pre‐aged and fossil OC sources, as well as spatial heterogeneity, when assessing the response of lakes and, more broadly, source‐to‐sink systems to ongoing climate and ecosystem change.
Deep learning‐based characterization of underwater methane bubbles using simple dual camera platform
Authors: Marcon Yann , Stetzler Marie , Ferré Bénédicte , Kopiske Eberhard , Bohrmann Gerhard 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSeabed gas and oil emissions appear as bubble plumes ascending through the water column in various environments. Understanding bubble characteristics—size, rise speed—is important for estimating escape rates of fluids like methane, oil, and carbon dioxide. However, measuring underwater gas bubbles is challenging, often requiring expensive specialized equipment. This study presents a novel methodology using two calibrated consumer‐grade cameras to estimate bubble size distribution, rise velocities, and corresponding gas or oil flow rates. Our approach, named BURST (Bubble Rise and Size Tracking), uses a trained neural network for automated bubble detection in diverse camera footage, effectively analyzing under varying lighting conditions and visibility, without requiring a uniform backlit background for bubble identification. Post‐detection, bubbles are tracked and synchronized between the cameras, with three‐dimensional triangulation used to deduce sizes and rise speeds, enabling flow rate calculations. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology through basin experiments capturing methane bubble plumes with controlled flow rates. Additionally, we successfully apply this methodology to existing footage from natural methane emission sites in the Hopendjupet seeps within the central Barents Sea, measuring methane flow rates of approximately 46 and 24 mmol CH4 min−1 at water depths of 327 and 341 m, respectively. These results underscore the practical applicability of BURST in complex underwater environments without disrupting natural bubble flow. By utilizing readily available equipment, BURST enables reliable bubble measurements in challenging real‐world conditions, including the analysis of legacy footage not initially intended for bubble flow rate quantification. The BURST python script is available at https://github.com/BUbbleRST/BURST/.
Realization of Spatiotemporal Photonic Crystals Based on Active Metasurface
Authors: Ye Xin , Wang Yong Ge , Yao Jing Feng , Wang Ying , Yuan Cheng Xun , Zhou Zhong Xiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpatiotemporal photonic crystals (STCs) are artificial materials with tunable nonresonant wave amplification in the subwavelength scale, which is induced by the intrinsic mixed gap equipped with a complex Bloch wavenumber and a complex Floquet frequency, paving a new way in light amplification. In this work, the concept of STCs is extended to an active electrically controlled spatiotemporal metasurfaces. It is demonstrated that the spatiotemporal metasurface completely inherits the critical mixed momentum‐energy gap of STCs, dictated by the interplay between the temporal modulation with exponential growth and spatial modulation with the exponential decay. Based on the design of spatiotemporal metasurfaces, the possibility of accurately manipulating the mixed bandgap related to surface waves is experimentally confirmed through time modulation, as well as the variability of the transmission properties of electromagnetic waves at the interface.
Effect of Li Halides on the Mechanical Properties and Thermoplasticity of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Molded by Hot Pressing
Authors: Taoka Yusuke , Suzuki Koyuru , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe effect of lithium halide salts on the characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gels fabricated using the hot‐press (HP) technique is investigated. The incorporation of lithium salts, such as lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), and lithium iodide (LiI), degrades the mechanical properties of the PVA gel and decreases its crystallinity, melting point, and glass transition temperature (Tg). Additionally, the melting point of PVA is lowered, resulting in the melting of PVA below its decomposition temperature, leading to thermoplasticity. Following thermoforming, the mechanical properties of the PVA gel are minimally altered compared with those before thermoforming, potentially enhancing the processability of PVA and diversifying the range of achievable shapes. Notably, the majority of the introduced lithium salts can be eliminated by washing. Notably, the most pronounced change in the PVA gel properties is obtained with LiCl addition than with LiBr or LiI addition, suggesting that LiCl imparts superior processing characteristics to PVA gels.
Preparation of Anisotropic Trimeric Poly(Ionic Liquid) Microspheres via Microwave‐Assisted Dual‐Crosslinked Seed Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Hu Xufeng , Li Jingyi , Xiang Liqin , Yin Jianbo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA microwave‐assisted dual‐crosslinked seed emulsion polymerization method is reported to prepare anisotropic trimeric poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) microspheres. First, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)‐crosslinked PIL (CPIL) seed microspheres are prepared. Then, the CPIL microspheres are swollen with ionic liquid (IL) emulsion containing divinylbenzene (DVB) and polymerized to form dual‐crosslinked PIL (D‐CPIL) microspheres under microwave irradiation. Finally, the D‐CPIL microspheres are swollen with IL monomer emulsion to form trimeric morphology and polymerized to obtain trimeric PIL microspheres under microwave irradiation. The formation process of trimeric PIL microspheres is tracked using an optical microscope and their morphology is observed using scanning electron microscopy. Different from the repeat‐swelling seed emulsion polymerization that needs dumbbell‐like seed microspheres having gradient crosslinking or gradient surface wettability, this method depends on multiple local contraction forces in D‐CPIL microspheres containing lowly crosslinked core and highlycrosslinked shell during swelling to form trimeric PIL microspheres. It is found that microwave polymerization is important because it can well retain trimeric morphology compared to conventional heating polymerization in oil or water baths. The morphology of trimeric PIL microspheres can be adjusted by changing the type and amount of crosslinkers, monomer/seed microsphere ratio, initiator dosage, temperature, etc.
Blockchain‐Driven Green Traceability: Greener or More Profitable?
Authors: Huang Shuai , Hou Wenyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the strategic choices of two homogeneous green manufacturers regarding blockchain implementation, considering green traceability and spillover effect. We investigate how blockchain influences both economic and environmental benefits. Our findings reveal that the spillover effect can initially mitigate competition, benefiting early adopters by enhancing green innovation and market capabilities. This can lead to simultaneous profit enhancement for both manufacturers, challenging conventional competitive dynamics. Furthermore, the magnitude of the spillover effect significantly impacts adoption decisions. Low spillover leads to a prisoner's dilemma, where independent adoption is likely. Conversely, high spillover encourages simultaneous adoption, achieving a Pareto‐optimal equilibrium. Finally, while individual blockchain adoption may be more environmentally beneficial, simultaneous adoption generally leads to greater economic advantages. This highlights the potential trade‐off between economic and environmental outcomes in blockchain‐enabled manufacturing.
Effects of a Novel COL4A3 Homozygous/Heterozygous Splicing Mutation on the Mild Phenotype in a Family With Autosomal Recessive Alport Syndrome and a Literature Review
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhang Li , Rao Jing , Zhou Yan , Dai Lujun , Huang Songsong , Yang Chunxia , Bian Qiuhan , Zhang Tao , Yang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlport syndrome involves chronic progressive kidney failure and extrarenal organ damage caused by COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 mutations.MethodsWe initially discerned a COL4A3 splicing mutation via next‐generation sequencing. Next, we used bioinformatics, renal biopsy pathology, and an in vitro minigene experiment. Complementary analysis of clinical data was carried out, and we explored the expression and function of the variants to verify their pathogenicity.ResultsA splicing mutation (c.687 + 1G > T) in COL4A3 was found in a Chinese family. Bioinformatics analysis revealed its impact on splicing, causing a translational frameshift, which was confirmed by an in vitro minigene assay. The proband's glomerular basement membrane displayed reduced type IV collagen α3, α4, and α5 chains, with some absent, suggesting disruption of collagen IV trimers in the glomerular basement membrane, potentially damaging the glomerular filtration barrier.ConclusionWe present a novel finding of a previously unreported c.687 + 1G > T mutation in COL4A3 that disrupts transcription and translation, impairing α3α4α5 (IV) chain formation, altering the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane, causing hereditary Alport syndrome. This discovery enriches the genetic map of Alport syndrome, aiding in clinical genetic guidance, and enhancing the efficacy of prenatal testing.
Some Inequalities of Weddle'S Type for Coordinated Convex Functions With Their Applications and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Toseef Muhammad , Zhang Zhiyue 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn mathematical analysis and optimization, studying inequalities is crucial in advancing theoretical and practical applications. This paper delves into the intricate world of Weddle's type inequalities, specifically focusing on coordinated convex functions. Following a comprehensive study and understanding, this article establishes new inequalities of Weddle's type for coordinated convex functions. A new identity for Weddle's type of coordinated convex functions is introduced. Utilizing newly established Weddle's identity, error bounds for Weddle's rule on functions of two variables are proved. The results advance the theoretical understanding of Simpson's type inequalities for coordinated convex functions and offer practical insights into their optimization potential. Numerical examples and applications are provided to demonstrate the validity and importance of these results. These findings expand the mathematical analysis and optimization theoretical framework, offering practical tools for tackling real‐world problems with precision and efficiency.
Stabilization and Large‐Time Behavior for 2D Magnetic BéNard System With Partial Dissipation
Authors: Dai Ying , Lai Suhua , Zhang Jianwen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper establishes the stability and large‐time behavior for 2D magnetic Bénard system with partial dissipation on perturbation near the hydrostatic equilibrium state . Neglecting the effect of the temperature and the magnetic field, the fluid velocity is governed by 2D incompressible Euler equation with partial velocity damping, whose stability is a challenging problem in whole space . The stability result here provides a significant example for the stabilizing effects of the magnetic field on electrically conducting fluids.
Prescribed‐Time/Fixed‐Time Synchronization of Quaternion‐Valued Neural Networks: A Method Without Decomposition
Authors: Yin Binzi , Peng Shiguo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel control law is designed for achieving prescribed‐time (PAT) and fixed‐time (FXT) synchronization of quaternion‐valued neural networks (QVNNs) with time‐varying delays. Compared with some existing methods, the designed controller can realize the PAT and FXT synchronization simultaneously; that is, the PAT converge rate can be guaranteed without prior research on FXT control. Moreover, ensuring the PAT and FXT synchronization, the controller can be consistent under 1‐ or 2‐norm, while the decomposition technique is not required here. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of our proposed control strategy.