bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Greatest Common Divisor of Sets of Binomial Coefficients with Restrictions
Authors: Chung Chan-Liang , Yang Tse-Chung , Zhou Kanglun 
Published: February 2025

Ram (1909) proved an elegant result for the greatest common divisor of a set of binomial coefficients, and many researchers have proved similar results along these lines. In this paper, we will turn to the results of the greatestcommon divisor of sets of binomial coefficients with restrictions. Specifically, we give the answer to gcdA2(n) for several cases depending on the value of s = σp(n) where p | n−1. (Notations will be introduced below.) We raise some open questions and conjectures for the interested readers to pursuit.
KONSEP KONSUMSI DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Ananda Iva Ashari , Wahab Abdul , Juliasti Evin 
Published: February 2025

In Islamic Economics, the goal of consumption is to maximize maslahah. According to Imam Syatibi, the term maslahah has a broader meaning than just utility or satisfaction in conventional economic terminology. Maslahah is the most important goal of Sharia law. Maslahah is the nature or ability of goods and services that support the basic elements and goals of human life on this earth. Meanwhile, this research uses qualitative research with the type of Library Research research. The results of this research are that in Islam, a Muslim when consuming goods or services should pay attention to ethics and principles in consuming so that consumption goals can be achieved, namely: maintaining religion (al-din), maintaining life or soul (al-nafs), maintaining property or property (al-mal), intellectual maintenance (al-aql), and maintenance of family or descendants (al-nasl). In other words, maslahah includes the integration of physical benefits and elements of blessing
Interstellar Pickup Ion Observations to 60 au
Authors: McComas D. J. , Shrestha B. L. , Livadiotis G. , Szalay J. R. , Zirnstein E. J. , Elliott H. A. , Brandt P. C. , Poppe A. R. , Singer K. N. , Stern A. , Verbiscer A. ,   the New Horizons Heliophysics Team
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prior to the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) observations from New Horizons, the only significant interstellar pickup ion (PUI) observations were taken inside 5.4 au from the Ulysses and 1 au missions. Here, we analyze SWAP data to provide the first comprehensive radial profile of interstellar PUIs in the outer heliosphere from ∼22 to 60 au. This study is the first to combine the low time resolution (one day) data inside 49.5 au with the high time resolution (half hour) data outside of that. We show that these two data sets can be reliably analyzed together in what is now a nearly continuous set of PUI observations. We derive radial gradients for all of the PUI parameters, as well as ratios to their solar wind counterparts from these combined data and extrapolate them out to a nominal termination shock distance at ∼90 au. We find that the fraction of PUIs to all ions in the solar wind continues to grow, reaching ∼18% by 60 au and extrapolated to be ∼30% at 90 au. The PUI internal pressure is ∼11% of the solar wind dynamic pressure at 60 au and expected to be ∼21% by 90 au. Such large values further highlight the importance of PUIs as the dominant driver of the physics of the outer heliosphere, as well as at the termination shock.
Magnetorotational Instability in Collisional Weakly Ionized Plasma with Distinct Species Velocities
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Ren Haijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In a differential rotating system, we use the incompressible multifluid model to investigate the dynamics of a weakly ionized plasma placed in a vertical background magnetic field with radial shearing. The equilibrium current is taken into account. The differences in velocities between charged species and neutrals are supposed to be related to the collisions. The analytical expression of the general local dispersion relation is derived and the effect of the shearing magnetic field is demonstrated in three different limiting cases. Momentum transfer to neutrals is neglected in the first case, and the instability criteria are provided with the involvement of magnetic field shearing. In the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) case, the previous results are reproduced when setting the equilibrium current density to zero, and the magnetic field structure is depicted to restrain/reinforce the instability in the Keplerian system with decaying/increasing shearing. In the last case, the finite collisions with weak ionization and ion Hall effects generate another unstable vertical mode compared with the MHD case and also alleviate the unstable waves propagated between the horizontal and vertical directions.
Continuous Gravitational Waves from Thermal Mountains on Accreting Neutron Stars: Effect of the Nuclear Pasta Phase
Authors: Li Hong-Bo , Shao Lijing , Xia Cheng-Jun , Xu Ren-Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As density increases, the shape of nuclei transitions to nonspherical “nuclear pasta” structures. The physical properties of the nuclear pasta, such as thermal conductivity and elasticity, have implications for detecting continuous gravitational waves from a rapidly rotating neutron star. In this work, we investigate the effect of the nuclear pasta on the quadruple moment, and find out that, compared with previous work, the quadrupole moment contributing to continuous gravitational-wave radiation can be up to 2 orders of magnitude larger. We also discuss the relationship between the quadruple moment and the maximum shear strain. Considering the properties of nuclear pasta, we study the detectability of known accreting neutron stars and compare predicted results to the detectable amplitude limits. These sources are well above the sensitivity curves for Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope detectors. Our work advances the understanding of the properties of nuclear pasta and a possible mechanism for continuous gravitational waves.
The Eclipsing Binaries via Artificial Intelligence. II. Need for Speed in PHOEBE Forward Models
Authors: Wrona Marcin , Prša Andrej 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In modern astronomy, the quantity of data collected has vastly exceeded the capacity for manual analysis, necessitating the use of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to assist scientists with the most labor-intensive tasks. AI can optimize simulation codes where computational bottlenecks arise from the time required to generate forward models. One such example is PHOEBE, a modeling code for eclipsing binaries (EBs), where simulating individual systems is feasible, but analyzing observables for extensive parameter combinations is highly time consuming. To address this, we present a fully connected feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) trained on a data set of over one million synthetic light curves generated with PHOEBE. Optimization of the ANN architecture yielded a model with six hidden layers, each containing 512 nodes, providing an optimized balance between accuracy and computational complexity. Extensive testing enabled us to establish ANN's applicability limits and to quantify the systematic and statistical errors associated with using such networks for EB analysis. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of dilution effects in parameter estimation for EBs, and we outline methods to incorporate these effects in AI-based models. This proposed ANN framework enables a speedup of over 4 orders of magnitude compared to traditional methods, with systematic errors not exceeding 1%, and often as low as 0.01%, across the entire parameter space.
Expression of atherosclerosis-associated genes in peripheral blood of drug-naïve hypertensive subjects with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stoynev Nikolay , Dimova Ivanka , Rukova Blaga , Hadjidekova Savina , Nikolova Dragomira , Tankova Tsvetalina 
Published: February 2025

Aim: To evaluate the expression of atherosclerosis-associated genes in peripheral blood of drug-naïve hypertensive subjects with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: Eighteen subjects (15 males, 3 females), mean age 46.27 ± 12.07 years, divided into two groups: studied group - subjects with newly-diagnosed hypertension and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 9), control group – normotensive individuals with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 9) Gene expression analysis was performed with Human Atherosclerosis RT2 Profiler PCR Array.
Results: In gene expression analysis, 5 genes with increased expression in the studied group were found – CD44, ITGA5, ITGB2, PPARA and RXRA. No genes with decreased expression matching the criteria were found.
Conclusion: The presence of arterial hypertension in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes tends to increase the expression of CD44, ITGA5, ITGB2, PPARA and RXRA in the peripheral blood.
Paysage industriel et systématisme : les batavilles avec et sans l’usine
Authors: Brichler Antoine 
Published: February 2025

Bata est une entreprise fabriquant des chaussures qui a construit à travers le monde, plusieurs villes-usines durant l’entre-deux-guerres, dans un grand systématisme, autour de bâtiments (de production, d’habitation, de services…) conçus sur le même modèle dans la ville-mère de ces villes-usines, Zlín, aujourd’hui en Tchéquie. Un paysage Bata, systématiquement répété et très reconnaissable, se constitue donc à partir de ces villes-usines, dans de nombreux pays. À la fin du XXème siècle, les différentes usines ferment ou se désengagent du paternalisme, laissant ces villes-usines orphelines.La fermeture de la partie productive du système pose alors des questions sur le devenir de ce paysage bien spécifique. Via l’utilisation d’un échantillon de villes-usines en Europe de l’Ouest, Europe centrale, et Amérique du Nord, ce travail cherche à présenter des éléments de réponse à la problématique suivante : que devient le paysage des villes-usines de l’entreprise Bata plus de 20 ans après la fermeture des usines ?
Study on Associated Serious Underlying Systemic Conditions in Patients Presenting with Superficial Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Hebbani Nimeesh Seshadri , Desai Sanjay C , Gowda Suhas S , Ramswamy Chandrashekar Anagavalli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a broad term used to describe the thrombotic occlusion of superficial vein(s). If associated with clinical findings of inflammation, the term superficial thrombophlebitis is used. It is an underreported and underestimated condition worldwide, as it has been assumed to be self-limiting and of little consequence. Thrombosis of superficial veins in the lower extremity is usually associated with varicose veins. However, a percentage of SVT not associated with varicose veins, may be an indicator of hypercoagulable states, malignancy, vasculitis, or other systemic diseases. The study would help in gathering significant data and establishing the pattern of associated serious underlying systemic conditions in the Indian population with SVT as the main clinical presentation.

Aims and Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to identify and determine the proportion of serious underlying systemic disorders associated with SVT.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective single center record based study, covering 136 patients diagnosed with SVT, who came to the outpatient department or who got admitted, from June 2022 to December 2023. Data were collected and analyzed during the months of April–May 2024.

Results:
A total of 136 patients were included in the study, ranging in age from 24 to 72 years, with an overall mean age of 56 years (standard deviation ±14.2), with majority (80) of the patients being men. Most patients presented with isolated greater saphenous vein (GSV) thrombosis (92 patients), of which mid-GSV was the most commonly affected segment (48.9%). Sixty-one cases (44.8%) were associated with varicose veins. Twenty-nine patients (21.3%) presented with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) along with SVT. Twenty patients (14.7%) had underlying malignancies, of which gastrointestinal malignancy was the most common one (seen in nine patients). Fourteen patients (10.3%) were found to have hypercoagulable states. Four patients (2.9%) developed SVT following iatrogenic interventions. In four patients (2.9%), the cause could not be established. One case (0.7%) was noted postpercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Three cases (2.2%) developed following pregnancy.

Conclusion:
The study reveals a substantial proportion of patients with SVT have serious underlying systemic conditions such as malignancies, DVT, and hypercoagulable states. These findings challenge the traditional view of SVT as a benign and self-limiting condition, and emphasize the need of comprehensive diagnostic workup in these patients to identify and manage the underlying conditions, along with management of SVT.
Lateral Temporal Bone Resection in a Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Temporal Bone: Reconstruction and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Dey Samyadipta , Chaudhary Pallavi , Guha Rajdeep 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone is a rare malignancy of a complex, intricate anatomical system. These tumors are locally aggressive due to the multiple invasion routes within the region, involving anatomical foramina and neurovascular structures. The current treatment paradigm often involves lateral temporal bone resection to achieve tumor-free margins, typically combined with superficial or total parotidectomy. Early-stage disease may be managed with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, depending on factors such as tumor stage and histopathologic features. The rarity of SCC in this location makes optimal management strategies critical, with local control and esthetic outcomes being key goals of therapy. In this case report, we discuss the surgical management and reconstruction of a patient with high-risk SCC of the left temporal bone, now disease-free for 18 months. He shows satisfactory esthetic outcomes with no facial nerve palsy or locoregional recurrence.
Application of Nanotechnology in Cancer Therapy: Potential and Limitations
Authors: Mondal Sougata , Basu Debapriya , Maiti Bidisha , Ghosh Oyendrila , Ghosh Supratim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging platform for increasing the selectivity and potency of different treatment modalities for progressive cancer therapy. Architectures of nanoscale are successively explored for delivery of water-insoluble drug molecules as well as malignant cell targeting, avoiding nonspecific toxicity. Nanotechnology can also help in the synergistic application of different therapeutics. Despite numerous advantages, the clinical application of nanoformulations is limited due to poor biodistribution, failure of enhanced permeability and retention-dependent targeting, and change in biophysical properties in the physiological environment. In this review, we summarized different promising properties of nanotechnology in combination with relevant challenges, with the help of corresponding literature and current status.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessed Depth of Invasion Correlated with Histopathological Depth of Invasion in Patients with Carcinoma Tongue – A Tertiary Care Prospective Analysis
Authors: Sahu Sandeep , Chakrabarti Jayanta , Guha Rajdeep , Ray Amitabh , Singh Rohini , Paul Ratnadeep 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the most common type of head-and-neck cancer comprising approximately 90% of all head-and-neck malignancies. More recently, oral SCC has climbed to the sixth most common global malignancy as of 2016. As per recent GLOBACAN 2018, 119992 new cases of oral cavity cancer are diagnosed every year, and around 72,000 die every year. Oral cancer is among the top three cancers in India.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to correlate and compare the radiological, and the pathological parameters in assessing the depth of invasion (DOI).

Methodology:
The present study was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational study. This study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2023 at Department of Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata. A total of 54 patients were included in this study.

Results:
We found that most of the patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (size) in T4aN2c (12 [22.2%]) and though it was statistically significant (P = 0.00424), (z = 2.8647). We examined that the majority of the patients had histopathology (HPE) (size) in pT1N0 (19 [35.2%]) but this was statistically significant (P < 0.00001), (z = 4.1332). In our study, the mean DOI MRI (mm) of patients was (15.8370 ± 7.8520), mean DOI HPE (mm) of patients was (12.9444 ± 6.5052), mean circumferential resection margin (other features on HPE) (mm) of patients was (7.2600 ± 3.6242), and mean positive nodal status (other features on HPE) of patients was (1.8519 ± 2.5134). The mean total nodal status (other features on HPE) of patients was (49.7222 ± 19.1079) and mean worst pattern of invasion (other features on HPE) of patients was (4.0000 ± 0.7268). We found that mean DOI MRI mm was significantly higher in 51–60 years of age (20.1308 ± 11.6743) compared to 31–40 years of age (17.1765 ± 5.6925), 41–50 years of age (14.9571 ± 2.8832), 71–80 years of age (13.2000 ± 6.2626), 61–70 years of age (12.0000 ± 3.4641), and ≤ 30 years of age (6.0000 ± 0.0000) (P = 0.0353).

Conclusion:
This study showed a strong correlation between MRI and HPE in DOI in all stages, especially when DOI was >5 mm, but for overall stage, MRI tended to significantly overestimate the disease burden.
An Algorithmic Approach to Defining Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Nigam Neha , Kumari Neha , Sahai Rishabh , Chaudhary Nandita , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam , Prasad Pallavi , Mishra Prabhakar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Among thyroid malignancies, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common, with the classical variant being the most common subtype. Some histological variants have aggressive behavior, advanced presentation stages, poor clinical outcomes, and may require additional therapy. Due to overlapping cytologic features and heterogeneity of lesions, the PTC classification is not adhered to in conventional reporting practice. This study aimed to classify the PTC cytology cases into a particular cytological variant by applying an algorithmic approach and correlating these variants with histology.

Materials and Methods:
An analysis of all histopathologically confirmed cases of PTC who had previously been diagnosed with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from January 2014 to December 2019 was conducted. FNAC samples of thyroid nodules were blindly reviewed and classified into different morphological variants using a stepwise algorithmic approach based on architectural, nuclear, and cytoplasmic features.

Results:
A review of 77 histologically proven cases of PTC variants or with a predominant area of variant histomorphology was done. One case was inadequate (TBSRTC I), nine cases were benign (TBSRTC II), two were follicular lesions of undetermined significance (TBSRTC III), and 65 cases were suspicious or definite for PTC (TBSRTC V/VI). Retrospective algorithmic cytopathological analysis of 65 cases that are suspicious or definite of PTC (TBSRTC V/VI) showed classical PTC (5), follicular variant-PTC (35), tall cell variant (20), diffuse sclerosing variant (1), warthin-like variant (2), and solid variant (2). Diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology in diagnosing the PTC variants when compared with histopathological diagnosis varied from 81.3% to 100% (mean 78.9%). Cluster analysis justified that our classification showed good agreement with the actual classification based on the cytopathological features identified by the cluster analysis.

Conclusion:
An awareness of cytomorphological features of aggressive variants may facilitate early and accurate diagnosis and appropriate clinical management with better patient outcomes. FNAC can subclassify PTC into different variants based on this algorithmic approach or aggressive and nonaggressive variants based on certain more frequently observed features.
Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from coal ash of Thar, Pakistan by chemical leaching with Novel Deep Eutectic solvents
Authors: Mahmood Ahsan , Sharif Muhammad , Hussain Adil , Suleman Muhammad , Hayat Badar 
Published: February 2025

The supply of rare earth elements is less and its demand is high so we need a secondary source to fulfill this demand. This research adopted coal ash as an alternative resource of rare earth elements. The mineral acids, ionic liquids, and organic acids were used for the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) from Coal Ash (CA) which were corrosive, expensive, hazardous, and not friendly to the environment. Our approach was to find innovative reagents that were green to the environment and extract REEs from CA as a replacement for mineral acids, ionic liquids, and organic acids. The researchers synthesized a novel Deep Eutectic Solvent (Choline chloride & Humic acid) for the extraction of REEs. The study conducted experiments on the coal of Sindh Engro Thar Coal Mining Company (SECMC), Pakistan. Based on literature and ASTM standard D-2013 coal was crushed and ground to a size of -250 microns. The leaching experiments were designed with two different parameters (1-2 hours) time and temperature (60-90 Celsius) at a constant 500 revolutions per minute (rpm). After leaching, the filtrate was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. Both the feed and leachate were analyzed using various techniques, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). In feed characterization, the XRF results showed that Calcium had the highest percentage which was 35.676%. Calcium sulfate, Diborane, and Magnesium oxide mineral phases were detected by XRD. ICPMS analysis showed the CA sample contained a total of 351.41 PPM of REEs. The concentration of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) were 119.5 PPM, while the light rare earth elements (LREEs) were 231.91 PPM. Moreover, Lutetium had a PPM value of 96.56 and was the most prevalent REE. In FTIR spectroscopy C, C=O, C-H bond, C-O-C, N-O bond, and SiO functional groups were found. In SEM analysis, luminous and non-luminous features could be seen in the matrix which indicates the presence of minerals by raw CA sample while both luminous and non-luminous features were disseminated in CA dipped with DES sample. The leaching efficiency of the DES was increased by increasing the temperature and time. The highest leaching efficiency we achieved was at 90 degrees Celsius for 2 hours which was 90%, While, at 60 degrees Celsius for 1 hour the DES was at its lower peak and the efficiency was 62%. Our results showed that the DES was effective in extracting REEs from CA.