bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muography as a support technique for non-invasive research and three-dimensional localization of tombs in archaeological sites: a case study from Palazzone Necropolis (Perugia – Italy)
Authors: Borselli D. , Beni T. , Bonechi L. , Bongi M. , Ciaranfi R. , Ciulli V. , D'Alessandro R. , Fanò L. , Frosin C. , Gonzi S. , Lombardi L. , Melelli L. , Paccagnella A. , Turchetti M.A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transmission muography is a non-invasive imaging technique that exploits the penetrating power of atmospheric muons into matter to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional density images of the monitored structure. The detectors used are particle trackers. Muography enables the monitoring of large structures and it is also particularly useful in the archaeological field for a mapping of low-density underground anomalies potentially related to unknown or inaccessible tombs or tunnels. The Palazzone necropolis, located south of Perugia (Italy), dating back to Etruscan period, contains about 200 known tombs, some of which, such as the Volumni Hypogeum, can be visited thanks to a touristic route. The eastern area of the necropolis, on the other hand, does not have a touristic path and is partially unknown. The objective of the muographic measurement campaign is to support the re-evaluation of this archaeological area by searching for new anthropic cavities and identifying them three-dimensionally. One of the goals of this study is to obtain a three-dimensional localization of cavities starting from a single muographic measurement by exploiting an image focusing algorithm. For this purpose, an area that contains a known cavity was used as the reference cavity for the test of the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm.
The upgrade of the CMS muon system for the high luminosity LHC
Authors: Pellecchia Antonello ,   the CMS Muon group
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The muon system of the CMS experiment is expected to upgrade all of its subdetectors for
the Phase-2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that will begin in 2029. The upgrade plans for
drift tubes (DTs), cathode strip chambers (CSCs) and resistive place chambers (RPCs) include a new
electronics for better performance in high background rate conditions and to sustain the large
radiation dose delivered by the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Two new RPC stations will also be
installed to complement CSCs in the forward region 1.8 < |η| < 2.4, while three stations of
triple-GEM (gas electron multiplier) detectors will complement CSCs in the region 1.5 < |η| <
2.4 and extend the CMS muon system coverage to the very forward pseudorapidity region 2.4 <
|η| < 2.8. We present the goals and status of the CMS muon system upgrade including the
performance of the early Phase-2 upgrades demonstrated in Run 3 with proton-proton collisions, the
performance validation of the new detectors in test beams and the mass production status of the
new stations.
SciFi Front-End Electronics: calibration and results on detector performance
Authors: De Freitas Carneiro da Graca U. ,   the SciFi collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The LHCb Experiment is commissioning its first upgrade to cope with increased luminosity of LHC Run3, being able to improve on many world-best physics measurements. A new scintillating fiber-based tracker (SciFi) replaced the outer and inner trackers, providing improved spatial resolution and granularity for the new LHCb trigger-less era, with a readout capable of reading zero suppressed data from ~524k channels at 40 MHz. The fully automated calibration of SciFi Front-End Electronics is based on dedicated software tools and operational procedures, validated during SciFi commissioning. This paper describes the design, implementation, and calibration of SciFi electronics and presents results showing the detector performance after commissioning.
FLASH Radiation Therapy — Key physical irradiation parameters and beam characteristics
Authors: Boudaghi Malidarreh Roya , Zakaly Hesham M.H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
FLASH-RT represents a novel therapeutic radiation modality
that holds remarkable potential for mitigating radiation therapy's
adverse side effects. This cutting-edge technology allows for
sparing healthy tissue while precisely targeting cancerous
cells. This is possible by administering an ultra-high-dose-rate in
less than a few hundred milliseconds. FLASH-RT has demonstrated
impressive results in small-animal models, prompting scientists to
adapt and advance existing technologies to make it a viable
treatment option for humans. However, producing the
ultra-high-dose-rate radiation required for the therapy remains a
significant challenge. Several radiation sources, such as very high
energy electrons (VHEEs), low energy electrons, x-rays, and protons,
have been studied for their ability to deliver the necessary
dose. Among them, FLASH-x-ray has gained the most attention owing to
its capacity to penetrate deep-seated tumors. Despite the complexity
of the process, the potential advantages of FLASH-RT made it an
exciting area of research. To achieve the FLASH effect,
high-frequency, pulsed irradiated accelerator technology can be
employed. Sparing healthy tissue may allow for more aggressive and
effective cancer treatments, leading to a better quality of life for
patients. Ongoing research and development will be necessary to
refine and optimize this approach to radiation therapy.
First observation of liquid xenon electroluminescence with a MicroStrip Plate
Authors: Martinez-Lema G. , Chepel V. , Roy A. , Breskin A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report on the first observation of electroluminescence
amplification with a MicroStrip Plate immersed in liquid xenon. The
electroluminescence of the liquid, induced by alpha-particles, was
observed in an intense non-uniform electric field in the vicinity of
8-μm narrow anode strips interlaced with wider cathode ones,
deposited on the same side of a glass substrate. The
electroluminescence yield in the liquid reached a value of
(35.5 ± 2.6) VUV photons/electron. We propose ways of enhancing
this response with more appropriate microstructures towards their
potential incorporation as sensing elements in single-phase
noble-liquid detectors.
Spectral properties of the Bloch–Torrey operator in three dimensions
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We consider the Bloch–Torrey operator,

−
Δ
+
i
g
x

, that governs the time evolution of the transverse magnetization in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Using the matrix formalism, we compute numerically the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of this non-Hermitian operator for two bounded three-dimensional domains: a sphere and a capped cylinder. We study the dependence of its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on the parameter g and on the shape of the domain (its eventual symmetries and anisotropy). In particular, we show how an eigenfunction drastically changes its shape when the associated eigenvalue crosses a branch (or exceptional) point in the spectrum. Potential implications of this behavior for dMRI are discussed.
Riemannian quantum circuit optimization for Hamiltonian simulation
Authors: Kotil Ayse , Banerjee Rahul , Huang Qunsheng , Mendl Christian B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hamiltonian simulation, i.e. simulating the real time evolution of a target quantum system, is a natural application of quantum computing. Trotter-Suzuki splitting methods can generate corresponding quantum circuits; however, a faithful approximation can lead to relatively deep circuits. Here we start from the insight that for translation invariant systems, the gates in such circuit topologies can be further optimized on classical computers to decrease the circuit depth and/or increase the accuracy. We employ tensor network techniques and devise a method based on the Riemannian trust-region algorithm on the unitary matrix manifold for this purpose. For the Ising and Heisenberg models on a one-dimensional lattice, we achieve orders of magnitude accuracy improvements compared to fourth-order splitting methods. The optimized circuits could also be of practical use for the time-evolving block decimation algorithm.
Development of piezoelectric impedance-based technique for rapid compressive strength measurement of mortar specimen using artificial neural network
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jin , Na Wongi S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Measurement of concrete strength is crucial for both the construction and maintenance stages of infrastructures. This importance is emphasized every year in Korea, where aging facilities require reliable and accurate assessment to prevent accidents. In general, three types of non-destructive testing methods are used for concrete maintenance, including the ultrasonic and rebound hardness methods, with a combination method also used. However, despite the popularity of these methods, there can be reliability issues as these methods estimate the strength of concrete through equations, rather than direct measurement. In this study, a non-destructive testing method known as the electromechanical impedance technique is used to predict the compressive strength of two different mortar specimens of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with the use of artificial neural network. In addition, the conventional method of permanently attaching the piezoelectric transducer was altered in a way to achieve temporary attachment to the host structure to make the proposed idea more useful for real field. The result from the experiments proves the possibility of predicting the difference in the compressive strength of the two mortar specimens.
Designing and performance analysis of 7 T CNTFET based novel SRAM cell for IoT application
Authors: Mathur Neha , Birla Shilpi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The selection of the title includes designing of SRAM cell using CNTFET because CNTFET overcomes all the issues coming from CMOS technology beyond the 10nm technology node. With the reduction in channel length, the threshold voltage required for CMOS-based technology increases, and the corresponding off-state current decreases. This can prove to be a significant advancement for the semiconductor industry. With the evolution of the new generation of the technology era, especially beyond 10 nm, CMOS is not able to fulfil all the required conditions, as beyond 10 nm technology node, threshold voltage decreases, and consequently off-state current and leakage power increase. This is the reason that CNTFET can be considered a prominent replacement of CMOS transistor for the designing of SRAM cells with the technology node beyond 10 nm. This designed SRAM cell is applicable for IoT applications because IoT uses a microcontroller and the SRAM cell is used as a data memory in the microcontroller. A Data memory always requires high speed, ultra-low power dissipation, and high stability from the cell. Thus, to fulfil this requirement, performance analysis to identify the problem statement of conventional cells and then to improve their performance based on the findings is essential. This is the reason that the 7 T CNTFET-based SRAM novel cell is introduced, and its performance is going to be further improved so that the designed novel cell becomes compatible with IoT applications. Leakage power and stability factor are the main performance parameters to improve of SRAM cells.
A Wildean Universe
Authors: Hext Kate 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter charts the evolution of the Wildean epigram from Wilde’s Importance of Being Earnest to screwball comedies in the late 1930s. The development of epigrammatic form between these points takes shape via witty women including Tallulah Bankhead; Noël Coward’s stage plays; and Ben Hecht’s innovations with the form in the early talkies. These figures humanize the epigram and reform it into repartee, and in doing so create an atmosphere of farce and verbal play essential to the screwball comedy form. This chapter centres on close readings of epigrammatic form and how these evolve into the movies to make its case, ending with a discussion of how the farce and verbal play of Twentieth Century (1934) and Bringing Up Baby (1938) are set in what Maria DiBattista has termed ‘a Wildean Universe’.
Development of a novel humanized anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody HZ-1127 with anti-allergic diseases and cancer potential
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Han Jianzhong , Wang Qian , Wang Peng , Li Li , Du Kehe , Jiang Fengchao , Zhang Pei , Liu Hongjun , Huang Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a member of the IL-2 cytokine family and has been widely recognized as a master regulator of type 2 inflammatory responses at barrier surfaces. Recent studies found dysregulation of the TSLP–TSLP receptor (TSLPR) pathway is associated with the pathogenesis of not only allergic diseases but also a wide variety of cancers including both solid tumors and hematological tumors. Thus, the blockade of TSLP represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases and cancer. In this study, we report the development of a novel humanized anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) HZ-1127. Binding affinity, specificity, and ability of HZ-1127 in inhibiting TSLP were tested. HZ-1127 selectively binds to the TSLP cytokine with high affinity and specificity. Furthermore, HZ-1127 dramatically inhibits TSLP-dependent STAT5 activation and is more potent than Tezepelumab, which is an FDA-approved humanized mAb against TSLP for severe asthma treatment in inhibiting TSLP-induced CCL17 and CCL22 chemokines secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our pre-clinical study demonstrates that HZ-1127 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for allergic diseases and cancer.
A mixed-methods study on the pharmacological management of pain in Australian and Japanese nursing homes
Authors: Dowd Laura A , Hamada Shota , Hattori Yukari , Veal Felicity C , Taguchi Reina , Sakata Nobuo , Jadczak Agathe D , Visvanathan Renuka , Koujiya Eriko , Rajan Madhu , Doube Stefan , Suzuki Ai , Bernoth Maree , Rawson Helen , Maruoka Hiroshi , Wood Amelia , Wagner Jo , Hull Dee-Anne , Katsuhisa Mizuki , Turner Justin , Liau Shin J , Reeve Emily , Bell J Simon , Cross Amanda J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding how analgesics are used in different countries can inform initiatives to improve the pharmacological management of pain in nursing homes.

Aims
To compare patterns of analgesic use among Australian and Japanese nursing home residents; and explore Australian and Japanese healthcare professionals’ perspectives on analgesic use.

Methods
Part one involved a cross-sectional comparison among residents from 12 nursing homes in South Australia (N = 550) in 2019 and four nursing homes in Tokyo (N = 333) in 2020. Part two involved three focus groups with Australian and Japanese healthcare professionals (N = 16) in 2023. Qualitative data were deductively content analysed using the World Health Organization six-step Guide to Good Prescribing.

Results
Australian and Japanese residents were similar in age (median: 89 vs 87) and sex (female: 73% vs 73%). Overall, 74% of Australian and 11% of Japanese residents used regular oral acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids. Australian and Japanese healthcare professionals described individualising pain management and the first-line use of acetaminophen. Australian participants described their therapeutic goal was to alleviate pain and reported analgesics were often prescribed on a regular basis. Japanese participants described their therapeutic goal was to minimise impacts of pain on daily activities and reported analgesics were often prescribed for short-term durations, corresponding to episodes of pain. Japanese participants described regulations that limit opioid use for non-cancer pain in nursing homes.

Conclusion
Analgesic use is more prevalent in Australian than Japanese nursing homes. Differences in therapeutic goals, culture, analgesic regulations and treatment durations may contribute to this apparent difference.
Standardizing to specific target populations in distributed networks and multisite pharmacoepidemiologic studies
Authors: Webster-Clark Michael , Filion Kristian B , Platt Robert W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Distributed network studies and multisite studies assess drug safety and effectiveness in diverse populations by pooling information. Targeting groups of clinical or policy interest (including specific sites or site combinations) and applying weights based on effect measure modifiers (EMMs) prior to pooling estimates within multisite studies may increase interpretability and improve precision. We simulated a 4-site study, standardized each site using inverse odds weights (IOWs) to resemble the 3 smallest sites or the smallest site, estimated IOW-weighted risk differences (RDs), and combined estimates with inverse variance weights (IVWs). We also created an artificial distributed network in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum consisting of 1 site for each geographic region. We compared metformin and sulfonylurea initiators with respect to mortality, targeting the smallest region. In the simulation, IOWs reduced differences between estimates and increased precision when targeting the 3 smallest sites or the smallest site. In the CPRD Aurum study, the IOW + IVW estimate was also more precise (smallest region: RD = 5.41% [95% CI, 1.03-9.79]; IOW + IVW estimate: RD = 3.25% [95% CI, 3.07-3.43]). When performing pharmacoepidemiologic research in distributed networks or multisite studies in the presence of EMMs, designation of target populations has the potential to improve estimate precision and interpretability.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Public Reason Naturalism
Authors: Rooney James Dominic 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
I will argue that the natural law theory of morality, when extended into a political theory of justice, results in a picture of political justice much like that of public reason liberalism. However, natural law political theory, I argue, need not entail a natural law theory of morality. While facts about what societies ought to do supervene upon facts about what is good for human beings, there are distinct goods involved and distinct reasons for action. Rather, considerations taken from the common good as guiding public policy results in a two-layer approach to public reasonability, resembling features of both consensus and convergence accounts of public reason. Consequently, the differences between natural law and classical public reason liberalism are significant but are not as significant as might have otherwise appeared. In fact, natural law political theory might be a more consistent development of the idea of a public reason than those of classical liberalism.
In vitro regeneration of triploid from mature endosperm culture of Passiflora edulis “Mantianxing”
Authors: Tang Junrong , Luo Xi , Zhu Yajing , Cai Nianhui , Chen Lin , Chen Shi , Xu Yulan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The regeneration of shoots from endosperm tissue is a highly effective method to obtain triploid plants. In this study, we elucidated the establishment of an in vitro regeneration system from endosperm culture for the production of Passiflora edulis “Mantianxing.” The highest callus induction rate (83.33%) was obtained on the media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ. Meanwhile, the MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.4 mg/L IBA gave the optimum 75% shoot bud induction. Chromosome analysis revealed that the chromosomal count of P. edulis “Mantianxing” regenerated from endosperm tissues was 27 (2n = 3x = 27), which indicated that shoots regenerated from endosperm tissues were triploids. Triploid P. edulis had more drought resistance than diploid plants. Our study provided a method for breeding of passion fruit by means of a stable and reproducible regeneration system from endosperm culture, leading to the generation of triploid plants.
Defining disease severity in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis for the application to biomarker research: an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Ramessur Ravi , Dand Nick , Langan Sinéad M , Saklatvala Jake , Fritzsche Marie-Christine , Holland Suzi , Arents Bernd W M , McAteer Helen , Proctor Andrew , McMahon David , Greenwood Michelle , Buyx Alena M , Messer Tamara , Weiler Nina , Hicks Alexandra , Hecht Peter , Weidinger Stephan , Ndlovu Matladi N , Chengliang Dai , Hübenthal Matthias , Egeberg Alexander , Paternoster Lavinia , Skov Lone , De Jong Elke M G J , Middelkamp-Hup Maritza A , Mahil Satveer K , Barker Jonathan N , Flohr Carsten , Brown Sara J , Smith Catherine H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
More severe atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are associated with a higher cumulative impact on quality of life, multimorbidity and healthcare costs. Proactive, early intervention in those most at risk of severe disease may reduce this cumulative burden and modify the disease trajectory to limit progression. The lack of reliable biomarkers for this at-risk group represents a barrier to such a paradigm shift in practice. To expedite discovery and validation, the BIOMarkers in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis (BIOMAP) consortium (a large-scale European, interdisciplinary research initiative) has curated clinical and molecular data across diverse study designs and sources including cross-sectional and cohort studies (small-scale studies through to large multicentre registries), clinical trials, electronic health records and large-scale population-based biobanks. We map all dataset disease severity instruments and measures to three key domains (symptoms, inflammatory activity and disease course), and describe important codependencies and relationships across variables and domains. We prioritize definitions for more severe disease with reference to international consensus, reference standards and/or expert opinion. Key factors to consider when analysing datasets across these diverse study types include explicit early consideration of biomarker purpose and clinical context, candidate biomarkers associated with disease severity at a particular point in time and over time and how they are related, taking the stage of biomarker development into account when selecting disease severity measures for analyses, and validating biomarker associations with disease severity outcomes using both physician- and patient-reported measures and across domains. The outputs from this exercise will ensure coherence and focus across the BIOMAP consortium so that mechanistic insights and biomarkers are clinically relevant, patient-centric and more generalizable to current and future research efforts.