bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with pathologic myopia onset and progression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yii Fabian , Nguyen Linda , Strang Niall , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Tatham Andrew J. , MacGillivray Tom , Dhillon Baljean 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo synthesise evidence across studies on factors associated with pathologic myopia (PM) onset and progression based on the META‐analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META‐PM) classification framework.MethodsFindings from six longitudinal studies (5–18 years) were narratively synthesised and meta‐analysed, using odds ratio (OR) as the common measure of association. All studies adjusted for baseline myopia, age and sex at a minimum. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.ResultsFive out of six studies were conducted in Asia. There was inconclusive evidence of an independent effect (or lack thereof) of ethnicity and sex on PM onset/progression. The odds of PM onset increased with greater axial length (pooled OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.71–2.40; p < 0.001), older age (pooled OR: 1.07; 1.05–1.09; p < 0.001) and more negative spherical equivalent refraction, SER (OR: 0.77; 0.68–0.87; p < 0.001), all of which were supported by an acceptable level of evidence. Fundus tessellation was found to independently increase the odds of PM onset in a population‐based study (OR: 3.02; 2.58–3.53; p < 0.001), although this was only supported by weak evidence. There was acceptable evidence that greater axial length (pooled OR: 1.23; 1.09–1.39; p < 0.001), more negative SER (pooled OR: 0.87; 0.83–0.92; p < 0.001) and higher education level (pooled OR: 3.17; 1.36–7.35; p < 0.01) increased the odds of PM progression. Other baseline factors found to be associated with PM progression but currently supported by weak evidence included age (pooled OR: 1.01), severity of myopic maculopathy (OR: 3.61), intraocular pressure (OR: 1.62) and hypertension (OR: 0.21).ConclusionsMost PM risk/prognostic factors are not supported by an adequate evidence base at present (an indication that PM remains understudied). Current factors for which an acceptable level of evidence exists (limited in number) are unmodifiable in adults and lack personalised information. More longitudinal studies focusing on uncovering modifiable factors and imaging biomarkers are warranted.
Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder arising in a rheumatoid arthritis patient, presenting as fibrin‐associated large B‐cell lymphoma‐like lesions in aortic and mitral valves
Authors: Tsujii Hideaki , Nakayama Ryuko , Funakoshi Sohei , Tsuji Shuhei , Haga Hironori , Ono Kazuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe herein report a case of methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX‐LPD) showing fibrin‐associated large B‐cell lymphoma‐like heart valve lesions, and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer‐like cutaneous and oral mucosal lesions. MTX‐LPD is a critical complication that can occur in RA patients who are treated with MTX. EBV also plays a defining or important role in LPDs. Among the sites of MTX‐LPD, 40−50% occur in extranodal sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver, lung, and kidney. There are few reports of MTX‐LPDs involving the heart valves, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the English literature. The possibility of EBV‐positive LPD should be considered in RA patients, even in patients with an atypical site, as in this case.
Observational evidence linking psychotropic medicines to the dispensing of opioid agents in later life
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Page Amy , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Preen David B. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of opioid medicines is common in developed countries, particularly among older adults and those with mental health disorders. It is unclear if the association between mental disorders and opioid medicines is causal, or is due to reverse causality or confounding.MethodsWe used a 10% random sample of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (years 2012–2022) to examine the cross‐sectional, case–control and longitudinal association between the dispensing of antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, antipsychotics and lithium, and opioid medicines. We used logistic regression, structural equation models (SEM), and Cox regression to analyze the data. Analyses were adjusted for age (years), sex, and number of non‐psychotropic medicines dispensed during the year.ResultsThe 2022 file contained 804 334 individuals aged 50 years or over (53.1% women), of whom 181 690 (22.6%) received an opioid medicine. The adjusted odds ratio of being dispensed opioid medicines was 1.44 (99% CI = 1.42–1.46) for antidepressants, 1.97 (99% CI = 1.92–2.03) for anxiolytics, 1.55 (99% CI = 1.51–1.60) for hypnotics, 1.32 (99% CI = 1.27–1.38) for antipsychotics, and 0.60 (99% CI = 0.53–0.69) for lithium. Similar associations were noticed when we compared participants who were or not dispensed opioid medicines in 2022 for exposure to psychotropic agents between 2012 and 2021. SEM confirmed that this association was not due to reverse causality. The dispensing of antidepressants was associated with increased adjusted hazard (HR) of subsequent dispensing of opioid medicines (HR = 1.29, 99% CI = 1.27–1.30). Similar associations were observed for anxiolytics, hypnotics and antipsychotics, but not lithium.ConclusionsThe dispensing of opioid medicines is higher among older individuals exposed to antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and antipsychotics than those who are not. These associations are not due to reverse causality or study design. Preventive strategies seeking to minimise the risk of inappropriate use of opioid medicines in later life should consider targeting this high‐risk population.
Physiological synchrony in supportive discussions: An examination of co‐rumination, relationship type, and heterogeneity
Authors: DiGiovanni Ana M. , Peters Brett J. , Tudder Ashley , Gresham Abriana M. , Bolger Niall 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring times of stress, we look to close others for support. Social support conversations are critical for relationship maintenance and well‐being. Yet, certain ways of talking about problems—such as co‐ruminating—can exacerbate stress. Since social support and co‐rumination are both dyadic processes, it is important to examine physiological responses during these conversations in a dyadic manner. Little research has examined physiological synchrony of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during social support conversations or co‐ruminative conversations. The current research capitalizes on an experimental manipulation of co‐rumination using a sample of close friends (147 dyads) and romantic partners (113 dyads) to examine physiological covariation in the context of support. Across both samples, dyads exhibited significant physiological covariation in pre‐ejection period reactivity (PEP). Contrary to our hypothesis, dyads in the co‐rumination condition did not show more covariation. Close friend dyads did, however, exhibit more covariation as compared to romantic dyads. We also found significant variability in physiological covariation across dyads, with a minority of dyads exhibiting negative covariation of PEP reactivity. The homogeneity of the samples limits the generalizability of the findings and highlights the need for more diverse samples in future work. These findings underline the need for further exploration into the mechanisms that contribute to distinct patterns of physiological synchrony, the conditions in which negative synchrony occurs, and what predicts especially strong positive synchrony. This work extends our understanding of physiological synchrony of the sympathetic nervous system during support conversations and emphasizes the importance of considering heterogeneity in physiological processes.
Why data about people are so hard to govern
Authors: Wong Wendy H. , Duncan Jamie , Lake David A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow data on individuals are gathered, analyzed, and stored remains largely ungoverned at both domestic and global levels. We address the unique governance problem posed by digital data to provide a framework for understanding why data governance remains elusive. Data are easily transferable and replicable, making them a useful tool. But this characteristic creates massive governance problems for all of us who want to have some agency and choice over how (or if) our data are collected and used. Moreover, data are co‐created: individuals are the object from which data are culled by an interested party. Yet, any data point has a marginal value of close to zero and thus individuals have little bargaining power when it comes to negotiating with data collectors. Relatedly, data follow the rule of winner take all—the parties that have the most can leverage that data for greater accuracy and utility, leading to natural oligopolies. Finally, data's value lies in combination with proprietary algorithms that analyze and predict the patterns. Given these characteristics, private governance solutions are ineffective. Public solutions will also likely be insufficient. The imbalance in market power between platforms that collect data and individuals will be reproduced in the political sphere. We conclude that some form of collective data governance is required. We examine the challenges to the data governance by looking a public effort, the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, a private effort, Apple's “privacy nutrition labels” in their App Store, and a collective effort, the First Nations Information Governance Centre in Canada.
Subsidized wages, small businesses, and exports: Evidence from the paycheck protection program
Authors: Enami Ali , Ghosh Sucharita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe easily forgivable federal loans offered through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to offset the impact of the COVID‐19 recession provide a unique opportunity to investigate whether subsidizing the costs of labor for small firms can increase exports in the whole industry. The main eligibility rule to receive these loans, i.e., having less than 500 employees in 2019 and the size of loans, were dependent on the size of the firm prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This implies a plausibly exogenous variation in the size of the PPP loans across states and industries. We exploit this exogenous variation in the size of PPP loans and estimate a difference‐in‐differences model that allows for heterogenous treatment effect to measure the instantaneous and dynamic effects of these loans. We find that a 10% increase in the size of PPP loans in 2020 and 2021 leads to 0.27% and 0.37% increase in exports in a given state‐industry. The 2020 loans appear to have no lasting effect beyond the quarter they are awarded. The 2021 loans, however, displayed a more dynamic effect and a 10% increase in the size of these loans in one quarter would lead to 0.28% increase in the value of exports three quarters later. In addition to estimating the average effect of these loans, we show that the effects of the loans are significantly heterogeneous across industries and the per‐dollar effect of these loans decreases as the loan size (per employee) increases.
A Dialectical Skazka: Depicting Nature’s Transformation during the First Five‐Year Plan
Authors: Schantz Matthew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper looks at how a metaphoric vocabulary borrowed from the skazka was used to illustrate dialectical materialism in popular science writing of the early 1930s. In examining the emergence and function of this new style, which I term “dialectical skazochnost',” I offer an explanation of the animated nature trope, which appeared frequently in texts for young readers during the First Five‐Year Plan. Rather than contradicting materialism, the anthropomorphization of non‐living matter in stories about “conquering nature” arose out of an effort to illustrate how natural forces previously considered immutable could be transformed for human use. A popular conception of dialectical materialism guided this use of figurative language, which had been scorned by radical critics during the skazka debates of the late 1920s. I look primarily at two books by M. Il'in, The Story of the Great Plan (1930) and Men and Mountains (1935), which exemplify the use of dialectical skazochnost'.
Lebanese diaspora and the October 17 Uprising
Authors: Tabar Paul , El‐Zakka Yara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines the Lebanese home‐diaspora relationship and its contribution to the dynamics of the political system in Lebanon. This relationship is explored in the context of the October 17 Uprising which was a transnational event whereby Lebanese at home and abroad were actively engaged in its awakening and repercussions. The authors argue that this relationship is a two‐way relationship in which both home and diasporic actors mutually contribute to the potential transformative process which was ignited by the Uprising. They also argue that both political actors are faced with limitations that hinder them from maximizing their efforts to challenge and transform the political rhetoric in Lebanon. These limitations are imposed by both local and diasporic actors in favour of traditional political parties, and they restrict the potential of diasporic actors to be proactive in their opposition, as well as the efforts of home actors to enhance the nature of the political engagement with the diaspora. However, the research suggests that recent political activities in Lebanon and abroad have demonstrated the ability of both actors to gradually break the sovereignty of the ruling parties in Lebanon if efforts are channelled properly in the political field generated by those actors.
Efficacy and safety of topical rosuvastatin & melatonin vs. placebo in patients with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis: A preliminary randomized double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadi Farhad , Harofteh Fatemeh Zare , Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Ghaneei Narges , Ardakani Mohammad Ebrahim Zadeh , Saghafi Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the pathogenesis of psoriasis and also the anti‐oxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory properties of rosuvastatin and melatonin, the current clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical rosuvastatin and melatonin in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis.MethodsThe current randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted using a 3‐arm parallel group included 77 adult patients (≥18 years old) with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis.Patients were randomized into a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups to receive one of the three interventions: melatonin cream, 5.0% (w/w), rosuvastatin cream, 5.0% (w/w), or placebo cream with a similar transparent appearance twice a day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was severity of the disease using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). The secondary outcomes included the Dermatological Sum Score (DSS) to assess the erythema, scaling, and plaque elevation and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Photographs of the lesions were also taken at the baseline and at different periodic intervals thereafter.ResultsAmong 77 randomized patients, 52 (mean (SD) age, 40.67 (10.85) years; 22 (42.30%) men) completed the study. A significant reduction of 45% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.74 (1.12)) and 70% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.31 (1.13)) in PASI score, and 46% (mean (SD) of 2.91(1.85) to 1.57 (1.11)) and 77% (mean (SD) of 2.91 (1.85) to 0.87 (0.67)) in DSS score on days 30 and 60 with rosuvastatin cream, 5% w/w (P < 0.001) compared with baseline was observed, respectively.Also a significant decrease of 35% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.74 (1.12)) and 51% (mean (SD) of 2.67 (0.98) to 1.31 (1.13)) in PASI score, and 40% (mean (SD) of 5.00 (1.58) to 3.00 (1.76))and 61% (mean (SD) of 5.00 (1.58) to 1.92 (1.71)) in DSS score on days 30 and 60 with melatonin cream, 5% w/w (P < 0.001) compared with baseline were observed, respectively. In each of the melatonin or rosuvastatin groups, DLQI improved significantly on days 30 (P < 0.0001) and 60 (P < 0.001) while the changes in the control group were not significant.ConclusionThe results of this clinical trial demonstrated that topical melatonin and rosuvastatin diminished the severity of mild to moderate plaque psoriasis with a satisfactory safety profile. Future clinical trials should assess both the long‐term efficacy and safety of melatonin and rosuvastatin creams in larger study populations.
Heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescence: who to investigate and how to manage it
Authors: Walter S L , Channing S , Crouch N S 
Published: April 2024

Key content

Adolescent heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is commonly related to hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis immaturity, which improves with age. This article outlines when and how to investigate for underlying pathological causes.

Medical treatment for adolescent HMB consists predominantly of hormonal contraceptives. Preparation choice depends upon patient preference, comorbidities and co‐existing conditions.

Acute adolescent HMB is rare; a suggested framework for assessing and managing such cases is provided within this article.

Learning objectives

To understand how to clinically evaluate adolescent HMB.

To understand when and how to investigate adolescent HMB.

To understand the different medical treatment options for HMB, their efficacy, risks and alternatives.

To understand the management of acute adolescent HMB.

Ethical issues

Duties of confidentiality must be balanced against safeguarding concerns.
Digital geographies of miscarriage: A ‘sister‐ethnographic’ approach to pregnancy apps and loss
Authors: Bagelman Caroline (Carly) , Bagelman Jen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPregnancy apps have become a popular healthcare tool with millions of users worldwide. While branded as inclusive, they nevertheless normalise a particular pregnancy journey: one culminating in birth. Knowing that pregnancies end for various reasons – with one in five resulting in miscarriage – we seek to challenge this narrow framing. Deviating from existing literature, our paper explores the emotional geographies of pregnancy apps when birth is not the outcome. Set through a series of ‘app annotations’ by two sisters navigating pregnancy loss, our paper explores how a leading app was intimately encountered. Drawing inspiration from graphics literature, we advance a new method and activist tool that centres the body – and particularly embodied loss – in digital debates. In so doing we hope to turn geography's ‘digital turn’ towards a more creative set of tools, heeding feminist calls to engage technological intimacies. Vitally, this work illuminates those lives (and losses) systematically excluded – often in the name of life itself.
Validation of the eyeTelemed IOPvet indentation tonometer for use in dogs
Authors: Kapeller Lydia E. , Cabble Ava G. , Buckman Phillip N. , Harman Christine D. , Jacobson Amanda L. , Lawrence Frank R. , Komáromy András M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of canine intraocular pressure (IOP) estimates from the eyeTelemed IOPvet indentation tonometer.Animals StudiedPart 1 included 54 eyes from 28 Beagle dogs—23 ADAMTS10‐mutants with open‐angle glaucoma and 5 normals. Part 2 involved five normal canine ex vivo globes.ProcedurePart 1 (in vivo) compared IOPvet estimates in normal and glaucomatous dogs to Reichert Tono‐Vera® Vet rebound tonometry. The three IOPvet estimates were green (normal; <20 mmHg, according to the manufacturer), yellow (elevated; 20–30 mmHg), and red (high; >30 mmHg). In Part 2 (ex vivo), the pressure inside freshly enucleated normal canine eyes was progressively increased from 5 to 80 mmHg and compared to IOPvet estimates. Descriptive statistics compared IOPvet estimates to rebound tonometry and direct manometry, with the threshold from normal to glaucoma set at 30 mmHg.ResultsIn Part 1 (in vivo), normal pressures (≤30 mmHg) were mainly identified correctly as green or yellow—110 of 111 estimates, corresponding to a specificity of 99%. Only 16 of 125 affected estimates were correctly displayed in the >30‐mmHg range; the remaining 109 showed ≤30 mmHg, corresponding to a sensitivity of 13%. In Part 2 (ex vivo), all normal pressures were correctly estimated with green, but 64 of 88 manometric IOPs >30 mmHg were falsely estimated as 20–30 mmHg.ConclusionsThe IOPvet is inaccurate in estimating canine IOP with a low sensitivity at identifying dogs with IOP > 30 mmHg. Canine‐specific instrument revision is required to correctly identify elevated (yellow = 20–30 mmHg) and high (red >30 mmHg) IOPs.
Complications and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in dogs with luxoid hip dysplasia: 18 cases (2010–2022)
Authors: Horwood Carma , Carvajal Jose Luis , Pozzi Antonio , Kim Stanley Eunwoo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the complications and outcomes in dogs with luxoid hip dysplasia (LH) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compare complication rates with THA in non‐LH dogs.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationClient‐owned dogs (n = 217) undergoing primary THA (n = 238).MethodsMedical records (2010–2022) of dogs undergoing THA were reviewed, and LH was defined as complete dorsal displacement of the femoral head from the acetabulum on lateral projection radiographs. Major or catastrophic complications, revisions, and outcomes were recorded for all dogs and they were compared between LH and non‐LH groups.ResultsEighteen cases met the subcriterion for the LH group and 220 cases met the subcriterion for inclusion in the non‐LH group. There were 14 complications in 13/18 dogs with LH; seven were intraoperative (femoral fissure/fracture) and seven were postoperative (dorsal luxation, n = 5; femoral fracture, n = 1; acetabular cup septic loosening, n = 1). Revisions were performed for all LH dogs that encountered complications; satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 12/13 dogs. Overall, LH dogs had a higher risk of developing complications (p < .001), including intraoperative fracture (p < .001) and postoperative dorsal luxation (p = .019) when compared with non‐LH dogs.ConclusionLuxoid hip dysplasia was associated with a higher risk of major complications following THA in dogs, specifically intraoperative fissure/fracture and postoperative dorsal luxation. Despite the increased risk, revisions typically yielded satisfactory outcomes.Clinical significanceLuxoid hip dysplasia is an important risk factor for the development of major complications in dogs undergoing THA.
A note on quadratic forms
Authors: Hebestreit Fabian , Krause Achim , Ramzi Maxime 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor a field extension we consider maps that are quadratic over but whose polarisation is only bilinear over . Our main result is that all such are automatically quadratic forms over in the usual sense if and only if is formally unramified. In particular, this shows that over finite and number fields, one of the axioms in the standard definition of quadratic forms is superfluous.
Ramsey numbers and the Zarankiewicz problem
Authors: Conlon David , Mattheus Sam , Mubayi Dhruv , Verstraëte Jacques 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBuilding on recent work of Mattheus and Verstraëte, we establish a general connection between Ramsey numbers of the form for a fixed graph and a variant of the Zarankiewicz problem asking for the maximum number of 1s in an by ‐matrix that does not have any matrix from a fixed finite family derived from as a submatrix. As an application, we give new lower bounds for the Ramsey numbers and , namely, and . We also show how the truth of a plausible conjecture about Zarankiewicz numbers would allow an approximate determination of for any fixed integer .