bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genistein and zinc synergistically stimulate apoptotic cell death and suppress RANKL signaling‐related gene expression in osteoclastic cells
Authors: Uchiyama Satoshi , Yamaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of the combination of genistein and zinc, which have an anabolic effect on bone metabolism, on osteoclastic cells in mouse marrow culture system in vitro was investigated. The macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)‐dependent bone marrow macrophages were cultured in the presence of M‐CSF (10 ng/ml) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐kB) ligand (RANKL; 50 ng/ml) for 4 days. The osteoclastic cells formed were further cultured in medium containing either vehicle, genistein, zinc sulfate (zinc), or genistein plus zinc with or without M‐CSF (10 ng/ml) and RANKL (50 ng/ml) for 24 or 72 h. The number of osteoclastic cells was significantly decreased with culture of genistein (10−6 M) plus zinc (10−5 M) in presence or absence of M‐CSF and RANKL for 24 or 72 h as compared with the value for genistein or zinc alone. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of low‐molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments of adherent cells cultured with genistein (10−6 M) plus zinc (10−5 M) for 24 or 72 h, indicating that the combination of two chemicals induces apoptotic cell death. Such an effect was not seen in the case of each chemical. Genistein plus zinc‐induced decrease in osteoclastic cells were significantly inhibited in the presence of caspase‐3 inhibitor (10−8 or 10−7 M). Culture with genistein (10−6 M) plus zinc (10−5 M) for 72 h caused a significant increase in caspase‐3 mRNA expression in the presence or absence of M‐CSF and RANKL as compared with the value for each chemical alone. Genistein plus zinc‐induced increase in caspase‐3 mRNA expression was completely inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide (10−7 M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, or 5, 6‐dichloro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB; 10−6 M), an inhibitor of transcription activity. The mRNA expression of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) or cathepsin K was significantly decreased with culture of genistein plus zinc in the presence of M‐CSF and RANKL for 72 h as compared with genistein or zinc alone. Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) mRNA expression was significantly decreased with culture of genistein plus zinc in the presence of M‐CSF and RANKL for 24 or 72 h as compared with each chemical alone, while NF‐kB mRNA expression was significantly changed. This study demonstrates that the combination of genistein and zinc has potent stimulatory effects on apoptotic cell death and suppressive effects on osteoclastic cell function. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 529–542, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation‐induced PARP activation is enhanced through EGFR‐ERK signaling
Authors: Hagan Michael P. , Yacoub Adly , Dent Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the impact of EGFR‐ERK signaling on poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation following ionizing irradiation of human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines displaying marked differences in ERK dependence. PARP activation was indicated by the appearance of polyADP‐ribose, the incorporation of P32‐labelled NADH, and by cellular NADH. EGFR‐ERK signaling was manipulated through ligand activation or signal interruption using the tyrphostin AG1478, or MEK inhibitor PD 184352. EGF activation of ERK prior to irradiation was associated with a marked increase in PARP activation and decreased survival in both cell lines. Prior inactivation of PARP protected both cell lines from the initial decrease in NAD+ and improved the survival of LNCaP cells following combined EGF and IR treatment. MEK inhibitor PD 184352 also reduced PARP activation and improved LNCaP survival following EGF and IR treatment. These data imply that PARP activation following exposure to ionizing radiation is enhanced through EGFR‐ERK signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1384–1393, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid sonography: Imaging and intervention
Authors: Huppert Bonnie J. , Reading Carl C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the role of high‐resolution sonography as an imaging modality for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with parathyroid disease. Included is a discussion of sonographic anatomy and technique, disease processes of the parathyroid glands and their sonographic appearances, preoperative imaging, and the use of sonography as a guide for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in parathyroid disease. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Extremal results for rooted minor problems
Authors: Jørgensen Leif K , Kawarabayashi Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article, we consider the following problem. Given four distinct vertices v1,v2,v3,v4. How many edges guarantee the existence of seven connected disjoint subgraphs Xi for i = 1,…, 7 such that Xj contains vj for j = 1, 2, 3, 4 and for j = 1, 2, 3, 4, Xj has a neighbor to each Xk with k = 5, 6, 7. This is the so called “rooted K3, 4‐minor problem.” There are only few known results on rooted minor problems, for example, [15,6]. In this article, we prove that a 4‐connected graph with n vertices and at least 5n − 14 edges has a rooted K3,4‐minor. In the proof we use a lemma on graphs with 9 vertices, proved by computer search. We also consider the similar problems concerning rooted K3,3‐minor problem, and rooted K3,2‐minor problem. More precisely, the first theorem says that if G is 3‐connected and e(G) ≥ 4|G| − 9 then G has a rooted K3,3‐minor, and the second theorem says that if G is 2‐connected and e(G) ≥ 13/5|G| − 17/5 then G has a rooted K3,2‐minor. In the second case, the extremal function for the number of edges is best possible. These results are then used in the proof of our forthcoming articles 7, 8. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 191–207, 2007
Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites with a Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Matrix
Authors: Gurmendi Urko , Eguiazabal Jose Ignacio , Nazabal Jon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites based on PET and with an intercalated and fairly dispersed nanostructure have been obtained in the melt state. The intercalation and dispersion levels, as well as the mechanical properties, were studied by varying the chemical nature and amount of the organic modification of the clay, as well as the clay content. The intercalation level of PET into the organoclay galleries was measured by following the increase in the interlayer distance upon mixing. The surfactant content did not influence the intercalation level but an interaction between the polymeric matrix and the surfactant, through a common polar character, led to improved intercalation. The modulus increases observed, and consequently the overall dispersion, almost did not depend on either the amount or the chemical nature of the organic modification of the clay used, suggesting that the parameters leading to a high degree of intercalation differ from those which lead to a high modulus of elasticity and therefore to a high dispersion level. The obtained increases in the modulus of elasticity that reflect the dispersion level were large, attaining a 41% increase with respect to that of the matrix after a 6 wt.‐% clay addition.magnified image
Genistein sensitizes inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on the growth of estrogen receptor‐positive and HER2‐overexpressing human breast cancer cells
Authors: Mai Zhiming , Blackburn George L. , Zhou Jin‐Rong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough tamoxifen (TAM) is used for the front‐line treatment and prevention of estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast tumors, nearly 40% of estrogen‐dependent breast tumors do not respond to TAM treatment. Moreover, the positive response is usually of short duration, and most tumors eventually develop TAM‐resistance. Overexpression of HER2 gene is associated with TAM‐resistance of breast tumor, and suppression of HER2 expression enhances the TAM activity. Soy isoflavone genistein has been shown to have anti‐cancer activities and suppress expression of HER2 and ERα. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that genistein may sensitize the response of ER+ and HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer cells to TAM treatment. The combination treatment of TAM and genistein inhibited the growth of ER+/HER2‐overexpressing BT‐474 human breast cancer cells in a synergistic manner in vitro. Determination of cellular markers indicated that this synergistic inhibitory effect might be contributed in part from combined effects on cell‐cycle arrest at G1 phase and on induction of apoptosis. Further determination of the molecular markers showed that TAM and genistein combination synergistically induced BT‐474 cell apoptosis in part by synergistic downregulation of the expression of survivin, one of the apoptotic effectors, and downregulation of EGFR, HER2, and ERα expression. Our research may provide a novel approach for the prevention and/or treatment of TAM insensitive/resistant human breast cancer, and warrants further in vivo studies to verify the efficacy of genistein and TAM combination on the growth of ER+/HER2‐overexpressing breast tumors and to elucidate the in vivo mechanisms of synergistic actions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiscale approach to geo‐composite cellular structures subjected to rock impacts
Authors: Nicot François , Gotteland Philippe , Bertrand David , Lambert Stéphane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGeo‐composite cellular structures are an efficient technological solution for various applications in civil engineering. This type of structure is particularly well adapted to resisting rockfalls and can act as a defensive structure. However, the design of such structures is for the most part empirically based; this lack of research‐based design stagnates
optimization and advanced development. In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of a geo‐composite cellular structure is investigated using a multi‐scale approach, from the individual cell made up of an assembly of rocky particles contained in a wire netting cage to the entire structure composed of a regular array of cells. Based on discrete modelling of both the cell and structure scales, a computational tool has been developed for design purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of temperature‐dependent thermophysical properties in a partial differential equation subject to extra final measurement data
Authors: Liu Chein‐Shan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe consider an inverse problem for estimating the two coefficient functions c and k in a parabolic type partial differential equation c(u)ut = ∂[k(u)ux]/∂x with the aid of the measurements of u at two different times. The first‐ and second‐order one‐step group preserving schemes are developed. Solving the resultant algebraic equations with a closed‐form, we can estimate the unknown temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The new methods possess threefold advantages: they do not require any a priori information on the functional forms of thermal conductivity and heat capacity; no initial guesses are required; and no iterations are required. Numerical examples are examined to show that the new approaches have high accuracy and efficiency, even there are rare measured data. When the measured temperatures are polluted by uniform or normal random noise, the estimated results are also good. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Determinants of charitable donation intentions: a structural equation model
Authors: Ranganathan Sampath Kumar , Henley Walter H. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Currently charities have to depend more on individual donors and less on the government for funding. Hence, understanding the individual donor and what motivates them to contribute to charities is something, which has been of increasing interest to nonprofit marketers. In this article, a path model for the charitable donation process of a religious individual is developed and tested. The variables that are used in the model are religiosity, attitude towards helping others (AHO), attitude towards charitable organizations (ACO), attitude towards the advertisement (Attad) and behavioral intentions (BI). The results suggest that AHO by itself does not cause BI. Altruistic people need to be targeted with an appropriate advertisement message. Since religiosity is an important causal variable for AHO, segmenting and targeting individuals who are religious would be pertinent. Attempts to build favorable ACO would also be worthwhile.
Religiosity
Charitable donation intentions
Charity advertisements.
Path model for predicting intentions to donate.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caveolin‐1 overexpression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer recurrence
Authors: Karam Jose A. , Lotan Yair , Roehrborn Claus G. , Ashfaq Raheela , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundCaveolin‐1 protein suppresses apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of Caveolin‐1 expression with established features of prostate cancer as well as overall and aggressive disease recurrence in patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsCaveolin‐1 immunostaining was performed on a tissue microarray containing prostatectomy specimen cores from 232 consecutive patients treated with RP for clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma. Caveolin‐1 over‐expression was defined as more than 50% of cells staining positively for Caveolin‐1. Patients were categorized as having features of aggressive disease recurrence if they had a positive metastatic work‐up, post‐recurrence PSA doubling time less than 10 months, and/or failure to respond to local salvage radiation therapy.ResultsSeventy patients (30.2%) exhibited over‐expression of Caveolin‐1. Caveolin‐1 over‐expression was associated with higher pathologic Gleason sum (P = 0.038) and higher pre‐operative PSA level (P = 0.024). Patients with Caveolin‐1 over‐expression were at increased risk of PSA recurrence after surgery (P = 0.023) in univariate but not in standard post‐operative multivariate analysis. However, patients with Caveolin‐1 over‐expression were at increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer recurrence in both univariate and multivariate analysis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOver‐expression of Caveolin‐1 was associated with established features of prostate cancer and aggressive PSA recurrence. Caveolin‐1 might help identify patients at high risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer recurrence, thus allowing selection of patients who might benefit from early systemic therapeutic intervention. Prostate 67: 614–622, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of screened plasma resonance frequencies of a layered semiconductor using a single oblique incidence reflectance spectrum
Authors: Foltin O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe second derivative of a simulated oblique incidence specular reflectance spectrum of infrared radiation, polarized parallel to the plane of incidence, shows the possibility of estimating the values of two screened plasma resonance frequencies of an optically uniaxial semiconductor by knowledge of a single spectrum. The use of a basal plane reflection surface enables us, in a case of a layered semiconductor, to avoid a troublesome production and a poor spectroscopic quality of the reflection surface oriented normal to the easy cleavage plane, otherwise needed for one of the normal incidence reflectance measurements. For the calculations the parameters of a Bi2Se3 crystal were used. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analytical approach to the impurity scattering in quantum wells
Authors: Abramov A. , Akimov V. , Tulupenko V. , Fomina O. , Ryzhkov V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn approximate analytical technique for the Schrödinger equation solution for quantum‐well donor impurity states is proposed. The binding energy and wavefunction expressions obtained are analogues to the 2D hydrogen atom formulas. Calculations made using these expressions are in agreement with those performed by other methods. The impurity scattering cross section is obtained and studied. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absorbance kinetics of dye‐doped systems with photochemical first order kinetics
Authors: Rupp Romano A. , Yao Baoli , Zheng Yuan , Menke Neimule , Wang Yingli , Dong Weibin , Zhao Wei , Chen Yi , Fan Meigong , Xu Jinjun , Fally Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOften it is assumed that absorbance decays in photochromic materials with the time dependence of the photochemical kinetics, i.e. exponentially for first order kinetics. Although this may hold in the limiting case of vanishing absorbance, deviations are to be expected for realistic samples, because the local photochemical kinetics slows down with increasing initial absorption and penetration depth of the radiation. We discuss the theory of the kinetics of initially homogeneous photochromic samples and derive analytical solutions. In extension of Tomlinson's theory we find an analytical solution that holds with good approximation even for samples that exhibit a small residual absorption in the saturation limit. The theoretical time dependence of the absorbance originating from photochemical first order kinetics of dye‐doped systems is compared with experimental data published by Lafond et al. for fulgides doped in different polymer matrices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization and identification of steroidal alkaloids in the Chinese herb Veratrum nigrum L. by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization with multi‐stage mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Hui‐liang , Tang Jian , Liu Run‐hui , Lin Min , Wang Bin , Lv Yi‐feng , Huang Hai‐qiang , Zhang Chuan , Zhang Wei‐dong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectrospray ionization multi‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) was performed to study the fragmentation behaviour of seventeen steroidal alkaloids (4 protoverine‐type alkaloids, 10 germine‐type alkaloids and 3 zygadenin‐type alkaloids) from the Chinese herb Veratrum nigrum L. The MSn spectra of the [M+H]+ ions for steroidal alkaloids provided a wealth of structural information on the substituted groups. In positive ion mode, the three types of alkaloids showed very different characteristic ions: m/z 436 or 418 for protoverine‐type alkaloids; m/z 438, 420 or 402 for germine‐type alkaloids; m/z 440 or 422 for zygadenin‐type alkaloids. These fragments were used to deduce their mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms. Furthermore, the primary compounds in methanolic extracts of the herb of Veratrum nigrum L. were investigated by using liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI‐MSn. As a result, 21 steroidal alkaloids (5 protoverine‐type alkaloids, 14 germine‐type alkaloids and 2 zygadenin‐type alkaloids) were selectively identified from 27 determined peaks. Eleven compounds were unambiguously identified by comparing with standard compounds and ten compounds were tentatively identified or deduced according to their MSn data. Two of these compounds (xingangermine and deacetyl xinganveratrine) were found to be novel steroidal alkaloids. In addition, the chemical structures of two pairs of steroidal alkaloid isomers were deduced by comparing their fragment ions. Given the important structural information of known and unknown steroidal alkaloids in crude herbal extracts, this study is useful for identifying these types of steroidal alkaloids in crude materials rapidly and selectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical genetics approach to hepatitis C virus replication: cyclophilin as a target for anti‐hepatitis C virus strategy
Authors: Watashi Koichi , Shimotohno Kunitada 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because the current standard therapy, interferon (IFN) or pegylated‐IFN alone or in combination with ribavirin, is ineffective on approximately half of the HCV‐infected patients, alternative therapeutics are greatly needed. The chemical genetics method is a useful strategy to elucidate molecular mechanisms of the viral life cycle and screen for anti‐viral agents. This review focuses on the use of chemical genetics approach to virology, which could be called ‘chemical virology’, and introduces an example of such analysis. From a cell culture‐based screening, an immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) was identified as an anti‐HCV compound. Analysis using CsA as a bioprobe showed that cyclophilin (CyP) B, a cellular target of CsA, regulates the function of HCV RNA polymerase NS5B, which is essential for efficient viral genome replication. By targeting CyP, HCV genome replication was drastically suppressed. Thus, chemical genetics analysis identified CyPB as a cellular cofactor of HCV genome replication and a target for novel anti‐HCV agents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the distance to a monotone function
Authors: Ailon Nir , Chazelle Bernard , Comandur Seshadhri , Liu Ding 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn standard property testing, the task is to distinguish between objects that have a property 𝒫 and those that are ε‐far from 𝒫, for some ε > 0. In this setting, it is perfectly acceptable for the tester to provide a negative answer for every input object that does not satisfy 𝒫. This implies that property testing in and of itself cannot be expected to yield any information whatsoever about the distance from the object to the property. We address this problem in this paper, restricting our attention to monotonicity testing. A function f : {1,…,n} ↦ R is at distance εf from being monotone if it can (and must) be modified at εfn places to become monotone. For any fixed δ > 0, we compute, with probability at least 2/3, an interval [(1/2 − δ)ε,ε] that encloses εf. The running time of our algorithm is O(εf−1 log log εf− 1 log n), which is optimal within a factor of loglog εf−1 and represents a substantial improvement over previous work. We give a second algorithm with an expected running time of O(εf−1 log nlog log log n). Finally, we extend our results to multivariate functions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Large‐deviations/thermodynamic approach to percolation on the complete graph
Authors: Biskup Marek , Chayes Lincoln , Smith S. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a large‐deviations/thermodynamic approach to the classic problem of percolation on the complete graph. Specifically, we determine the large‐deviation rate function for the probability that the giant component occupies a fixed fraction of the graph while all other components are “small.” One consequence is an immediate derivation of the “cavity” formula for the fraction of vertices in the giant component. As a byproduct of our analysis we compute the large‐deviation rate functions for the probability of the event that the random graph is connected, the event that it contains no cycles and the event that it contains only small components. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007