bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Dynamic External Rotation Comparing 2 Footprint-Restoring Rotator Cuff Repair Techniques
Authors: Park Maxwell C. , Idjadi Jeremy A. , Attrache Neal S. El , Tibone James E. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: February 2008

Background Allowing for humeral external rotation while loading rotator cuff repairs has been shown to affect tendon biomechanics when compared with testing with the humerus fixed. Adding dynamic external rotation to a tendon-loading model using footprint-restoring repairs may improve our understanding of rotator cuff repair response to a common postoperative motion. Hypothesis A tendon suture-bridging repair will demonstrate better load sharing compared to a double-row repair, and there will be a differential gap formation between the anterior and posterior tendon regions. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In 6 fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders, a tendon suture-bridging rotator cuff repair was performed; a suture limb from each of 2 medial anchors was bridged over the tendon and fixed laterally with an interference screw. In 6 contralateral match-paired specimens, a double-row repair was performed. For all specimens, a custom jig was employed that allowed dynamic external rotation (0° to 30°) with loading. A materials testing machine was used to cyclically load each repair from 0 N to 90 N for 30 cycles; each repair was then loaded to failure. A deformation rate of 1 mm/s was employed for all tests. Gap formation between tendon edge and insertion was measured using video digitizing software. Results The yield load for the suture-bridging technique (161.88 ± 35.09 N) was significantly larger than the double-row technique (135.17 ± 24.03 N) ( P = .026). The yield gap between tendon and lateral footprint was significantly greater anteriorly than posteriorly (1.62 ± 0.82 mm and 0.68 ± 0.47 mm, respectively) for the suture-bridging technique ( P = .024) but not for the double-row technique (1.35 ± 0.52 mm and 1.05 ± 0.50 mm, respectively) ( P = .34). There were no differences for gap formation, stiffness, ultimate load to failure, and energy absorbed to failure between the 2 repairs ( P > .05). The anterior regions of the repair were the first to fail in all constructs. The suture-bridging repair remained interconnected for 5 of 6 repairs. Conclusions The tendon suture-bridging rotator cuff repair has a yield load that is higher than the double-row repair when allowing for external rotation during load testing. External rotation can accentuate gap formation anteriorly at a repaired rotator cuff footprint. Clinical Relevance Based on the tension of repair, there may be a role for reinforcing the repair anteriorly and limiting external rotation postoperatively.
Secular Womynism Part II: An Epistemology… `It IS… What It Is!'
Authors: Medusa  
Published: February 2008

In `Secular Womynism: A View From The Left', I introduced and articulated a viable alternative approach to the concept known as `Traditional Womanism'. In so doing, the term(s) `Feminist Womynist Philosopher/ Philosophy were born as an epistemological construct. As a further explication of the definition and praxis of the term, I now offer, Secular Womynism: Part II: An Epistemology…It IS… What It IS!' This article will serve as a more focused prolegomena involving the fiftyeight (58) components of which the term, feminist womynist philosopher is comprised. The aforementioned components constitute the foundation of what will, at some point in the evolution of Womynist Theory, come to be called, `Womynist Ways of Knowing: A Womynist Epistemology', and will serve as the first such concrete claim within the discourse of Womynist thought.
Sulfated polysaccharides identified as inducers of neuropilin-1 internalization and functional inhibition of VEGF165 and semaphorin3A
Authors: Narazaki Masashi , Segarra Marta , Tosato Giovanna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNeuropilin-1 (NRP1) and NRP2 are cell surface receptors shared by class 3 semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ligand interaction with NRPs selects the specific signal transducer, plexins for semaphorins or VEGF receptors for VEGF, and promotes NRP internalization, which effectively shuts down receptor-mediated signaling by a second ligand. Here, we show that the sulfated polysaccharides dextran sulfate and fucoidan, but not others, reduce endothelial cell-surface levels of NRP1, NRP2, and to a lesser extent VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, and block the binding and in vitro function of semaphorin3A and VEGF165. Administration of fucoidan to mice reduces VEGF165-induced angiogenesis and tumor neovascularization in vivo. We find that dextran sulfate and fucoidan can bridge the extracellular domain of NRP1 to that of the scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells I (SREC-I), and induce NRP1 and SREC-I coordinate internalization and trafficking to the lysosomes. Overexpression of SREC-I in SREC-I–negative cells specifically reduces cell-surface levels of NRP1, indicating that SREC-I mediates NRP1 internalization. These results demonstrate that engineered receptor internalization is an effective strategy for reducing levels and function of cell-surface receptors, and identify certain sulfated polysaccharides as “internalization inducers.”
P19INK4D links endomitotic arrest and megakaryocyte maturation and is regulated by AML-1
Authors: Gilles Laure , Guièze Romain , Bluteau Dominique , Cordette-Lagarde Véronique , Lacout Catherine , Favier Rémi , Larbret Fréderic , Debili Najet , Vainchenker William , Raslova Hana 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate megakaryocyte (MK) ploidization are poorly understood. Using MK differentiation from primary human CD34+ cells, we observed that p19INK4D expression was increased both at the mRNA and protein levels during ploidization. p19INK4D knockdown led to a moderate increase (31.7% ± 5%) in the mean ploidy of MKs suggesting a role of p19INK4D in the endomitotic arrest. This increase in ploidy was associated with a decrease in the more mature MK population (CD41highCD42high) at day 9 of culture, which was related to a delay in differentiation. Inversely, p19INK4D overexpression in CD34+ cells resulted in a decrease in mean ploidy level associated with an increase in CD41 and CD42 expression in each ploidy class. Confirming these in vitro results, bone marrow MKs from p19INK4D KO mice exhibited an increase in mean ploidy level from 18.7N (± 0.58N) to 52.7N (± 12.3N). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays performed in human MKs revealed that AML-1 binds in vivo the p19INK4D promoter. Moreover, AML-1 inhibition led to the p19INK4D down-regulation in human MKs. These results may explain the molecular link at the transcriptional level between the arrest of endomitosis and the acceleration of MK differentiation.
High EVI1 levels predict adverse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia: prevalence of EVI1 overexpression and chromosome 3q26 abnormalities underestimated
Authors: Lugthart Sanne , van Drunen Ellen , van Norden Yvette , van Hoven Antoinette , Erpelinck Claudia A. J. , Valk Peter J. M. , Beverloo H. Berna , Löwenberg Bob , Delwel Ruud 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInappropriate expression of EVI1 (ecotropic virus integration-1), in particular splice form EVI1-1D, through chromosome 3q26 lesions or other mechanisms has been implicated in the development of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To validate the clinical relevance of EVI1-1D, as well as of the other EVI1 splice forms and the related MDS1/EVI1 (ME) gene, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed in 534 untreated adults with de novo AML. EVI1-1D was highly expressed in 6% of cases (n = 32), whereas 7.8% were EVI1+ (n = 41) when all splice variants were taken into account. High EVI1 predicted a distinctly worse event-free survival (HR = 1.9; P = .002) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.1, P = .006) following multivariate analysis. Importantly, we distinguished a subset of EVI1+ cases that lacked expression of ME (EVI1+ME−; n = 17) from cases that were ME+ (EVI1+ME+; n = 24). The atypical EVI1+ME− expression pattern exhibited cytogenetically detectable chromosomal 3q26 breakpoints in 8 cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed 7 more EVI1+ME− cases that carried cryptic 3q26 breakpoints, which were not found in the EVI1+ME+ group. EVI1+ME− expression predicts an extremely poor prognosis distinguishable from the general EVI1+ AML patients (overall survival [OS]: P < .001 and event-free survival [EFS]: P = .002). We argue that EVI1/ME quantitative expression analysis should be implemented in the molecular diagnostic procedures of AML.
A perspective for biomedical data integration: Design of databases for flow cytometry
Authors: Drakos John , Karakantza Marina , Zoumbos Nicholas C , Lakoumentas John , Nikiforidis George C , Sakellaropoulos George C 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
The integration of biomedical information is essential for tackling medical problems. We describe a data model in the domain of flow cytometry (FC) allowing for massive management, analysis and integration with other laboratory and clinical information. The paper is concerned with the proper translation of the Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) into a relational database schema, in a way that facilitates end users at either doing research on FC or studying specific cases of patients undergone FC analysis

Results
The proposed database schema provides integration of data originating from diverse acquisition settings, organized in a way that allows syntactically simple queries that provide results significantly faster than the conventional implementations of the FCS standard. The proposed schema can potentially achieve up to 8 orders of magnitude reduction in query complexity and up to 2 orders of magnitude reduction in response time for data originating from flow cytometers that record 256 colours. This is mainly achieved by managing to maintain an almost constant number of data-mining procedures regardless of the size and complexity of the stored information.

Conclusion
It is evident that using single-file data storage standards for the design of databases without any structural transformations significantly limits the flexibility of databases. Analysis of the requirements of a specific domain for integration and massive data processing can provide the necessary schema modifications that will unlock the additional functionality of a relational database.
Structural and functional diversification in the teleost S100 family of calcium-binding proteins
Authors: Kraemer Andreas M , Saraiva Luis R , Korsching Sigrun I 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Among the EF-Hand calcium-binding proteins the subgroup of S100 proteins constitute a large family with numerous and diverse functions in calcium-mediated signaling. The evolutionary origin of this family is still uncertain and most studies have examined mammalian family members.

Results
We have performed an extensive search in several teleost genomes to establish the s100 gene family in fish. We report that the teleost S100 repertoire comprises fourteen different subfamilies which show remarkable similarity across six divergent teleost species. Individual species feature distinctive subsets of thirteen to fourteen genes that result from local gene duplications and gene losses. Eight of the fourteen S100 subfamilies are unique for teleosts, while six are shared with mammalian species and three of those even with cartilaginous fish. Several S100 family members are found in jawless fish already, but none of them are clear orthologs of cartilaginous or bony fish s100 genes. All teleost s100 genes show the expected structural features and are subject to strong negative selection. Many aspects of the genomic arrangement and location of mammalian s100 genes are retained in the teleost s100 gene family, including a completely conserved intron/exon border between the two EF hands. Zebrafish s100 genes exhibit highly specific and characteristic expression patterns, showing both redundancy and divergence in their cellular expression. In larval tissue expression is often restricted to specific cell types like keratinocytes, hair cells, ionocytes and olfactory receptor neurons as demonstrated by in situ hybridization.

Conclusion
The origin of the S100 family predates at least the segregation of jawed from jawless fish and some extant family members predate the divergence of bony from cartilaginous fish. Despite a complex pattern of gene gains and losses the total repertoire size is remarkably constant between species. On the expression level the teleost S100 proteins can serve as precise markers for several different cell types. At least some of their functions may be related to those of their counterparts in mammals. Accordingly, our findings provide an excellent basis for future studies of the functions and interaction partners of s100 genes and finally their role in diseases, using the zebrafish as a model organism.
Peripheral injection of human umbilical cord blood stimulates neurogenesis in the aged rat brain
Authors: Bachstetter Adam D , Pabon Mibel M , Cole Michael J , Hudson Charles E , Sanberg Paul R , Willing Alison E , Bickford Paula C , Gemma Carmelina 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Neurogenesis continues to occur throughout life but dramatically decreases with increasing age. This decrease is mostly related to a decline in proliferative activity as a result of an impoverishment of the microenvironment of the aged brain, including a reduction in trophic factors and increased inflammation.

Results
We determined that human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBMC) given peripherally, by an intravenous injection, could rejuvenate the proliferative activity of the aged neural stem/progenitor cells. This increase in proliferation lasted for at least 15 days after the delivery of the UCBMC. Along with the increase in proliferation following UCBMC treatment, an increase in neurogenesis was also found in the aged animals. The increase in neurogenesis as a result of UCBMC treatment seemed to be due to a decrease in inflammation, as a decrease in the number of activated microglia was found and this decrease correlated with the increase in neurogenesis.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate that a single intravenous injection of UCBMC in aged rats can significantly improve the microenvironment of the aged hippocampus and rejuvenate the aged neural stem/progenitor cells. Our results raise the possibility of a peripherally administered cell therapy as an effective approach to improve the microenvironment of the aged brain.
Meta-analysis of prophylactic corticosteroid use in post-ERCP pancreatitis
Authors: Zheng Minghua , Bai Jianling , Yuan Bosi , Lin Feng , You Jie , Lu Mingqin , Gong Yuewen , Chen Yongping 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and benefit of pharmacological treatment is unclear. Although prophylactic use of corticosteroid for reduction of pancreatic injury after ERCP has been evaluated, discrepancy about beneficial effect of corticosteroid on pancreatic injury still exists. The aim of current study is to evaluate effectiveness and safety of corticosteroid in prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP).

Methods
We employed the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration to perform a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of corticosteroid in prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) around the world.

Results
Most of the seven RCTs were of high quality. When the RCTs were analyzed, odds ratios (OR) for corticosteroid were 1.13 [95% CI (0.89~1.44), p = 0.32] for PEP, 1.61 [95% CI (0.74~3.52), p = 0.23] for severe PEP, 0.92 [95% CI (0.57~1.48), p = 0.73] for post-ERCP hyperamylasemia respectively. The results indicated that there were no beneficial effects of corticosteroid on acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia. No evidence of publication bias was found.

Conclusion
Corticosteroids cannot prevent pancreatic injury after ERCP. Therefore, their use in the prophylaxis of PEP is not recommended.
Expression of recombinant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, R. annulatus and R. decoloratus Bm86 orthologs as secreted proteins in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Canales Mario , de la Lastra José M Pérez , Naranjo Victoria , Nijhof Ard M , Hope Michelle , Jongejan Frans , de la Fuente José 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundRhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. ticks economically impact on cattle production in Africa and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Tick vaccines constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to tick control. The R. microplus Bm86 protective antigen has been produced by recombinant DNA technology and shown to protect cattle against tick infestations.ResultsIn this study, the genes for Bm86 (R. microplus), Ba86 (R. annulatus) and Bd86 (R. decoloratus) were cloned and characterized from African or Asian tick strains and the recombinant proteins were secreted and purified fromP. pastoris. The secretion of recombinant Bm86 ortholog proteins inP. pastorisallowed for a simple purification process rendering a final product with high recovery (35–42%) and purity (80–85%) and likely to result in a more reproducible conformation closely resembling the native protein. Rabbit immunization experiments with recombinant proteins showed immune cross-reactivity between Bm86 ortholog proteins.ConclusionThese experiments support the development and testing of vaccines containing recombinant Bm86, Ba86 and Bd86 secreted inP. pastorisfor the control of tick infestations in Africa.
Fatty acid status and behavioural symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in adolescents: A case-control study
Authors: Colter Ashley L , Cutler Caroline , Meckling Kelly Anne 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Most studies of Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have focused on either young children or older adults. The current study compared 11 ADHD adolescents with 12 age-matched controls. The purpose was to examine differences in dietary intake, particularly of essential fatty acids, and determine whether this could explain the typical abnormalities in red blood cell fatty acids observed in previous studies of young children. A secondary purpose was to determine if there were relationships between circulating concentrations of essential fatty acids and specific ADHD behaviours as measured by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-L).

Methods
Eleven ADHD adolescents and twelve age-matched controls were recruited through newspaper ads, posters and a university website. ADHD diagnosis was confirmed by medical practitioners according to DSM-IV criteria. Blood, dietary intake information as well as behavioural assessments were completed.

Results
Results showed that ADHD adolescents consumed more energy and fat than controls but had similar anthropometry. ADHD children consumed equivalent amounts of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to controls, however they had significantly lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and total omega-3 fatty acids, higher omega-6 fatty acids and a lower ratio of n-3:n-6 fatty acids than control subjects. In addition, low omega-3 status correlated with higher scores on several Conners' behavioural scales.

Conclusion
These data suggest that adolescents with ADHD continue to display abnormal essential fatty acid profiles that are often observed in younger children and distinctly different from normal controls of similar age. Further these red blood cell fatty acid differences are not explained by differences in intake. This suggests that there are metabolic differences in fatty acid handling between ADHD adolescents and normal controls. The value of omega-3 supplements to improve fatty acid profiles and possibly behaviours associated with ADHD, need to be examined.
Cell cycle and cell death are not necessary for appressorium formation and plant infection in the fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Nesher Iris , Barhoom Sima , Sharon Amir 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background

In order to initiate plant infection, fungal spores must germinate and penetrate into the host plant. Many fungal species differentiate specialized infection structures called appressoria on the host surface, which are essential for successful pathogenic development. In the model plant pathogen Magnaporthe grisea completion of mitosis and autophagy cell death of the spore are necessary for appressoria-mediated plant infection; blocking of mitosis prevents appressoria formation, and prevention of autophagy cell death results in non-functional appressoria.

Results

We found that in the closely related plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, blocking of the cell cycle did not prevent spore germination and appressoria formation. The cell cycle always lagged behind the morphogenetic changes that follow spore germination, including germ tube and appressorium formation, differentiation of the penetrating hypha, and in planta formation of primary hyphae. Nuclear division was arrested following appressorium formation and was resumed in mature appressoria after plant penetration. Unlike in M. grisea, blocking of mitosis had only a marginal effect on appressoria formation; development in hydroxyurea-treated spores continued only for a limited number of cell divisions, but normal numbers of fully developed mature appressoria were formed under conditions that support appressoria formation. Similar results were also observed in other Colletotrichum species. Spores, germ tubes, and appressoria retained intact nuclei and remained viable for several days post plant infection.

Conclusion

We showed that in C. gloeosporioides the differentiation of infection structures including appressoria precedes mitosis and can occur without nuclear division. This phenomenon was also found to be common in other Colletotrichum species. Spore cell death did not occur during plant infection and the fungus primary infection structures remained viable throughout the infection cycle. Our results show that the control of basic cellular processes such as those coupling cell cycle and morphogenesis during fungal infection can be substantially different between fungal species with similar lifestyles and pathogenic strategies.