bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gully erosion in the Siwalik Hills, Nepal: estimation of sediment production from active ephemeral gullies
Authors: Ghimire Sohan K. , Higaki Daisuke , Bhattarai Tara P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA simple field‐based monitoring programme was established in a small catchment (area 4·6 km2) to find the rates of gully erosion in the Siwalik Hills, Nepal. The rates are used to estimate the amount of sediment produced by gully erosion in the catchment. Three large and active gullies were selected with areas ranging from 0·44 to 0·78 ha. Aerial photographs taken in 1964, 1978 and 1992 were ortho‐rectified and used to study the dynamics of gully heads. The same gullies were also monitored manually using an orthogonal reference system fixed by erosion pins around the gully heads. Results from the aerial photos indicated that the gullies expanded remarkably over the period from 1964 to 1992, by 34 to 58 per cent. Head‐retreat rates during that period were 0·48, 0·55 and 0·73 m a−1 and average annual sediment evacuation was estimated as 2534 ± 171, 959 ± 60 and 2783 ± 118 m3 a−1 for the three gullies respectively. From the field measurement, estimated volumes were found to vary from 731 ± 57 to 2793 ± 201 m3 a−1 over the monitoring period of two years. It was also found that the gullies produce sediment which accounts for up to 59 per cent of the sediment produced from surface erosion in the headwater catchment. The findings are useful for planning and executing appropriate control measures and constructing a sediment hazard map at the catchment scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereophotogrammetry of archive data and topographic approaches to debris‐flow torrent measurements: calculation of channel‐sediment states and a partial sediment budget for Manival torrent (Isère, France)
Authors: Veyrat‐Charvillon S. , Memier M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper focuses on a topographic methodology to characterize the amount of sediment stored in channels and the use of historical photographs for aerial survey by stereophotogrammetry, as part of wider research on debris‐flow magnitude prediction. The topographic methodology uses equidistant four‐point cross‐sections along the long profile of the channel. Each cross‐section is representative of a 50‐m reach of the channel. To calculate the volume of each reach, the difference is calculated between a reference level and the topographic surface. The reference level is the lowest level where the debris flow can erode, and in the current method this level is estimated from fixed points along the long profile of the channel. The accuracy of the method has been estimated by comparing results of a detailed topographic survey, with a standard deviation corresponding to about 6 per cent of the total calculated sediment volume.This topographic methodology has been used on aerial photographs by photogrammetry. This tool was applied to photographs taken on 12 past dates. The scales of the archive photographs used range from 1:3000 to 1:30 000, but results are consistent and permit us to calculate sediment states of the channel for different past dates with an uncertainty of about 6 per cent of the total volume. The application of the technique to the Manival debris‐flow torrent has permitted us to propose some partial sediment budgets and erosion‐rate estimates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LES of the compressed Taylor vortex flow using a finite volume/finite element method on unstructured grids
Authors: Le Ribault C. , Le Penven L. , Buffat M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulations (LES) have been performed of a compressed vortex flow undergoing transition to turbulence. The numerical method is based on a finite volume/finite element discretization of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations on unstructured grids and a Roe second‐order scheme with MUSCL extrapolation. A particular attention is paid to the dissipative character of the method, controlled by a coefficient related to the upwind part of the numerical scheme, and its interference with the subgrid model. The accuracy of the method is first checked in the case of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The investigation is then directed to a plane Taylor vortex flow submitted to compression, in a direction perpendicular to the vorticity vector. This flow is unstable with respect to three‐dimensional perturbations and transition to turbulence is observed if the Reynolds number is large enough. The numerical method is used to simulate this vortex flow for two values of the Reynolds number. For the lower value, the flow is unstable but remains laminar and no subgrid model is used. For the higher one, the turbulence appears and the standard and the dynamic Smagorinsky models are tested. The LES results are compared to those obtained by direct numerical simulations (DNS) using a spectral Fourier method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity computations of eddy viscosity models with an application in drag computation
Authors: Pahlevani Faranak 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical study of the sensitivity of an eddy viscosity model with respect to the variation of the eddy viscosity parameter for the two‐dimensional driven cavity problem and flow around a cylinder. The main objective is to provide a comparison between computing the sensitivity using sensitivity equation and computing the sensitivity using finite difference methods and also numerically illustrate the application of the sensitivity computations in improving drag flow functional. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive mesh refinement techniques for high‐order shock capturing schemes for multi‐dimensional hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Baeza Antonio , Mulet Pep 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe numerical simulation of physical phenomena represented by non‐linear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws presents specific difficulties mainly due to the presence of discontinuities in the solution. State of the art methods for the solution of such equations involve high resolution shock capturing schemes, which are able to produce sharp profiles at the discontinuities and high accuracy in smooth regions, together with some kind of grid adaption, which reduces the computational cost by using finer grids near the discontinuities and coarser grids in smooth regions. The combination of both techniques presents intrinsic numerical and programming difficulties. In this work we present a method obtained by the combination of a high‐order shock capturing scheme, built from Shu–Osher's conservative formulation (J. Comput. Phys. 1988; 77:439–471; 1989; 83:32–78), a fifth‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) interpolatory technique (J. Comput. Phys. 1996; 126:202–228) and Donat–Marquina's flux‐splitting method (J. Comput. Phys. 1996; 125:42–58), with the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique of Berger and collaborators (Adaptive mesh refinement for hyperbolic partial differential equations. Ph.D. Thesis, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1982; J. Comput. Phys. 1989; 82:64–84; 1984; 53:484–512). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volumetric methods for evaluating irreversible energy losses and entropy production with application to bioengineering flows
Authors: Moyle Keri , Mallinson Gordon , Cowan Brett 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMethods for calculating irreversible energy losses and rates of heat transfer from computational fluid dynamics solutions using volume integrations of energy dissipation functions contrast with the more usual approach of performing first law energy balances over the boundaries of a flow domain. Advantages of the approach are that the estimates involve the whole flow domain, and are hence based on more information than would otherwise be used, and that the energy dissipation function allows for detailed assessment of the mechanisms and regions of energy loss.The research was motivated by a need to clarify energy losses by haemodynamics in the greater vessels of the human body, in particular, the Fontan connection. For this application irreversible energy losses were calculated using the viscous dissipation function. Streamwise integration of the viscous dissipation function is also used to explore the ways in which different flow structures contribute to energy losses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secretion of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase by osteoclasts correlates with resorptive behavior
Authors: Kirstein Barrie , Chambers Timothy J. , Fuller Karen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThere have been dramatic advances recently in our understanding of the regulation of osteoclastic differentiation. However, much less is known of the mechanisms responsible for the induction and modulation of resorptive behavior. We have developed a strategy whereby osteoclasts can be generated in vitro and released into suspension in a fully‐functional state. We now exploit this approach to show that tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is released by osteoclasts during bone resorption. TRAP release was inhibited by the secretion‐inhibitor Brefeldin A, and was not accompanied by LDH release. This suggests that TRAP release is due to secretion, rather than cell death. Consistent with this, TRAP secretion was stimulated by resorbogenic cytokines, was inhibited by the resorption‐inhibitor calcitonin, and correlated with excavation of the bone surface. We found that, in contrast to incubation on bone, incubation on plastic, glass, or vitronectin‐coated plastic substrates did not induce secretion of TRAP. This suggests that the induction of resorptive behavior in osteoclasts depends upon stimulation by bone matrix of a putative osteoclastic “mineral receptor.” Release of TRAP by osteoclasts thus represents not only a productive approach to the analysis of the mechanisms that modulate the rate of resorptive activity, but also a system whereby the mechanism through which bone substrates induce resorptive behavior can be identified. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1085–1094, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of d3‐cerivastatin for use as internal standard in a LC/MS/MS method developed for quantitation of the drug in human serum
Authors: Chen Bang‐Chi , Bednarz Mark S. , Zhang Huiping , Guo Peng , Jemal Mohammed , Robl Jeffrey A. , Biller Scott A. , Sundeen Joseph E. , Balasubramanian Balu , Barrish Joel C. 
Published: February 2006

Abstractd3‐Cerivastatin was synthesized as an internal standard for use in a LC/MS/MS method developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the drug in human serum. d3‐Cerivastatin was efficiently prepared on large scale from d3‐iodomethane using improved procedures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR angiography fusion technique for treatment planning of intracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: McGee Kiaran P. , Ivanovic Vladimir , Felmlee Joel P. , Meyer Fredrick B. , Pollock Bruce E. , Huston John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPurposeTo develop an image fusion technique using elliptical centric contrast‐enhanced (CE) MR angiography (MRA) and three‐dimensional (3D) time‐of‐flight (TOF) acquisitions for radiosurgery treatment planning of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).Materials and MethodsCE and 3D‐TOF MR angiograms with disparate in‐plane fields of view (FOVs) were acquired, followed by k‐space reformatting to provide equal voxel dimensions. Spatial domain addition was performed to provide a third, fused data volume. Spatial distortion was evaluated on an MRA phantom and provided slice‐dependent and global distortion along the three physical dimensions of the MR scanner. In vivo validation was performed on 10 patients with intracranial AVMs prior to their conventional angiogram on the day of gamma knife radiosurgery.ResultsSpatial distortion in the phantom within a volume of 14 × 14 × 3.2 cm3 was less than ±1 mm (±1 standard deviation (SD)) for CE and 3D‐TOF data sets. Fused data volumes were successfully generated for all 10 patients.ConclusionImage fusion can be used to obtain high‐resolution CE‐MRA images of intracranial AVMs while keeping the fiducial markers needed for gamma knife radiosurgery planning. The spatial fidelity of these data is within the tolerance acceptable for daily quality control (QC) purposes and gamma knife treatment planning. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy with topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid as a post‐operative adjuvant therapy for an incompletely resected primary nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ping , Chang Yih‐Leong , Chen Chin‐Tin , Yang Ting‐Hua , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgical excision of primary nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma is sometimes incomplete with remaining microscopic disease. Post‐operative radiotherapy only has limited efficacy but may cause many complications.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) was used as a post‐operative adjuvant therapy for an incompletely resected primary nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma. A special form of 20% topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA), which was originally a liquid form and became a gel form after applied on the nasopharynx, was used as the photosensitizer. A 2‐mm optic fiber delivered the light (633 nm wavelength) to the lesion with a fluence rate of 100 mW/cm2 generated by a diode laser under 5 mm 0° endoscope assistance. The total energy delivered was 150 joules/cm2.ResultsNo significant acute side effect was noted and the nasopharyngeal wound healed rapidly. The patient is alive without locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis for 5 years. Articulation, salivation, and swallowing functions are all well preserved.ConclusionPost‐operative adjuvant PDT can successfully cure an otherwise difficult to treat disease with preservation of good life quality of the patient. Potential complications of PDT (e.g., photosensitivity) can be prevented by a special formulation of topical 5‐ALA preparation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large time behaviour of flows of compressible, viscous, and heat conducting fluids
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Novotný Antonín 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe give a complete description of large time behaviour of admissible variational solutions to the Navier–Stokes–Fourier system describing flows of viscous compressible fluids under action of arbitrarily large potential and non‐potential stationary forces. The pressure is supposed to be an affine function of temperature with coefficients depending on density and the system is thermally and mechanically isolated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green tea catechins as brain‐permeable, natural iron chelators‐antioxidants for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Mandel Silvia , Amit Tamar , Reznichenko Lydia , Weinreb Orly , Youdim Moussa B. H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNeurodegeneration in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, or other neurodegenerative diseases appears to be multifactorial, where a complex set of toxic reactions, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, reduced expression of trophic factors, and accumulation of protein aggregates, lead to the demise of neurons. One of the prominent pathological features is the abnormal accumulation of iron on top of the dying neurons and in the surrounding microglia. The capacity of free iron to enhance and promote the generation of toxic reactive oxygen radicals has been discussed numerous times. The observations that iron induces aggregation of inert α‐synuclein and beta‐amyloid peptides to toxic aggregates have reinforced the critical role of iron in OS‐induced pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, supporting the notion that a combination of iron chelation and antioxidant therapy may be one significant approach for neuroprotection. Tea flavonoids (catechins) have been reported to possess divalent metal chelating, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities, to penetrate the brain barrier and to protect neuronal death in a wide array of cellular and animal models of neurological diseases. This review aims to shed light on the multipharmacological neuroprotective activities of green tea catechins with special emphasis on their brain‐permeable, nontoxic, transitional metal (iron and copper)‐chelatable/radical scavenger properties.
Coverage area management for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Siqueira Isabela G. , Ruiz Linnyer Beatrys , Loureiro Antonio A. F. , Nogueira José Marcos 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this work, we present a self‐management service for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that automatically controls the network redundancy. Based on a density control function, this service improves the monitoring potential of the sensor nodes. Our simulation experiments show that this self‐management service provides good and lasting coverage, as desired by WSNs applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of mathematics and reading performance: An examination of the correspondence between direct assessment of student performance and teacher report
Authors: Eckert Tanya L. , Dunn Erin K. , Codding Robin S. , Begeny John C. , Kleinmann Ava E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTeacher judgments have been identified as a primary source of information regarding student academic achievement. Research examining the accuracy of teachers' judgments in assessing students' academic abilities has shown relatively high accuracy. However, previous studies have relied primarily on norm‐referenced measures to obtain estimates of students' achievement in reading and mathematics. Recent developments in the assessment of students' academic skills, such as Curriculum‐Based Measurement (CBM), provide a direct estimate of students' skill levels in basic areas such as reading and mathematics. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which teachers' perceptions of students' reading and mathematics skills corresponded to direct estimates of students' reading and mathematics skills. Two second‐grade teachers estimated the reading and mathematics skills of 33 second‐grade students. Results of this study indicated that teachers were not accurate in assessing their students' mathematics functioning. Teachers were more accurate in assessing the occurrence of Mastery mathematics levels in basic addition, but were very inaccurate in assessing the occurrence of Mastery, Instructional, or Frustrational mathematics levels in all other skills assessed. In reading, teachers' judgment accuracy varied as a function of grade‐level material and instructional level. Specifically, teachers experienced considerable difficulty accurately identifying students who were reading at a Mastery level in grade‐level or above‐grade‐level material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 247–265, 2006.
Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Marsh Herbert W. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study examines educational and psychological correlates of academic resilience using within‐network and between‐network validity approaches. Based on a sample of 402 Australian high‐school students, a newly developed unidimensional academic resilience construct found within‐network validity by way of sound item and factor properties. In terms of between‐network validity, correlation, path analysis, and cluster analysis showed that five factors predict academic resilience: self‐efficacy, control, planning, low anxiety, and persistence. Hence, a 5‐C model of academic resilience is proposed: confidence (self‐efficacy), coordination (planning), control, composure (low anxiety), and commitment (persistence). Path analysis also showed that academic resilience subsequently predicts three educational and psychological “outcomes”: enjoyment of school, class participation, and general self‐esteem. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 267–281, 2006.
Academic underachievement: Relationship with cognitive motivation, achievement motivation, and conscientiousness
Authors: Preckel Franzis , Holling Heinz , Vock Miriam 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this study, the role of need for cognition, achievement motivation, and conscientiousness on academic underachievement was investigated. Forty‐seven male and 46 female students in Grades 7 to 10 participated in the study. Student attributes were assessed by self‐report measures, school performance by academic grades, and intellectual abilities by a standardized structure of intelligence test. A regression analytic model (prediction of grade point average by general intelligence) was used to operationally define underachievement. A categorical cutoff definition as well as a continuous definition was investigated. All relationships between underachievement scores and need for cognition, achievement motivation scales, and conscientiousness showed linearity. This warranted the use of a continuous definition of underachievement. Results revealed that need for cognition as well as facilitating anxiety contributed the most to the explanation of underachievement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 401–411, 2006.
Bronchodilator effect of salbutamol from two different spacer devices
Authors: Li Albert M. , Tsang Tony , Wong Eric , Chan Dorothy , Sung Rita , Ng Pak C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractOur aim was to compare the bronchodilator effect of salbutamol delivered via a new holding chamber (Volumatic Soft, VS) with that of an established device (Volumatic, V) in asthmatic children. Children with stable asthma were recruited. They inhaled 100 µg, and 10 min later, 300 µg of salbutamol aerosol delivered via VS or V on day 1, and vice versa on day 2. Spirometry was measured at baseline, 10 min after 100 µg, and 15 min after 300 µg of salbutamol were given. The preference for either device was assessed by visual analogue score. Forty‐four children with a median age of 9.2 years (interquartile range, 8.0–10.7) completed the study. There were significant improvements in forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) with time throughout the study period for both V and VS (linear and quadratic trend P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in postbronchodilator FEV1 between V and VS (P = 0.013). VS gave an overall greater change in FEV1 than V, by 1.8%. The preference scores for V and VS were 7.0 (IQR 5.0–8.0) and 9.0 (IQR 8.0–10.0) (p < 0.0005), respectively. In conclusion, comparable clinical efficacy was found for V and VS with respect to changes in FEV1 after salbutamol. Patients also showed a strong preference for the new device. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.