bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro dehydration kinetics coefficient of Kalifilcon A and other contact lens materials
Authors: Ponzini Erika , Maspero Francesco , Galli Anna , Tavazzi Silvia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn contact lens (CL) wear, dehydration needs to be tailored to avoid dryness and related symptoms. In this view, this work aims to assess and compare the in-vitro dehydration kinetics of five CL materials, including the newly developed Kalifilcon A CL. At 36 °C and 60% relative humidity, the in-vitro dehydration kinetics of the different CLs were compared using a gravimetric method. CLs were analyzed either after a rinse of a few seconds in preservative-free saline solution or after a 24-h incubation in the same solution. A model based on the Fick diffusion equation was employed to deduce a water kinetics coefficient, providing insights into water diffusion within the polymeric matrix. The study reveals that all materials exhibit a non-Fickian dehydration behavior, with significant differences in dehydration kinetics coefficients and dehydration rate slopes. Etafilcon A and Omafilcon A, both hydrogel CLs, exhibit a similar behavior, different compared to the pattern shown by Senofilcon A and Delefilcon A, silicone-hydrogel CLs. Notably, Kalifilcon A, despite being a silicone-hydrogel, displays a hydration behavior reminiscent of hydrogel CLs.
Secure malicious node detection in flying ad-hoc networks using enhanced AODV algorithm
Authors: Chandrasekar V. , Shanmugavalli V. , Mahesh T. R. , Shashikumar R. , Borah Naiwrita , Kumar V. Vinoth , Guluwadi Suresh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn wireless networking, the security of flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) is a major issue, and the use of drones is growing every day. A distributed network is created by a drone network in which nodes can enter and exit the network at any time. Because malicious nodes generate bogus identifiers, FANET is unstable. In this research study, we proposed a threat detection method for detecting malicious nodes in the network. The proposed method is found to be most effective compared to other methods. Malicious nodes fill the network with false information, thereby reducing network performance. The secure ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) that has been suggested algorithm is used for detecting and isolating a malicious node in FANET. In addition, because temporary flying nodes are vulnerable to attacks, trust models based on direct or indirect reliability similar to trusted neighbors have been incorporated to overcome the vulnerability of malicious/selfish harassment. A node belonging to the malicious node class is disconnected from the network and is not used to forward or forward another message. The FANET security performance is measured by throughput, packet loss and routing overhead with the conventional algorithms of AODV (TAODV) and reliable AODV secure AODV power consumption decreased by 16.5%, efficiency increased by 7.4%, and packet delivery rate decreased by 9.1% when compared to the second ranking method. Reduced packet losses and routing expenses by 9.4%. In general, the results demonstrate that, in terms of energy consumption, throughput, delivered packet rate, the number of lost packets, and routing overhead, the proposed secure AODV algorithm performs better than the most recent, cutting-edge algorithms.
Minimization of a ship's magnetic signature under external field conditions using a multi-dipole model
Authors: Woloszyn Miroslaw , Tarnawski Jarosław 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper addresses the innovative issue of minimizing the ship's magnetic signature under any external field conditions, i.e., for arbitrary values of ambient field modulus and magnetic inclination. Varying values of the external field, depending on the current geographical location, affect only the induced part of ship's magnetization. A practical problem in minimizing the ship signature is separating permanent magnetization from induced magnetization. When the ship position changes, a signature measurement has to be made under new magnetic field conditions to update the currents in the coils. This is impractical or even difficult to do (due to the need for a measuring ground), so there is a need to predict the ship's magnetization value in arbitrary geographical location conditions based on the reference signature determined on the measuring ground. In particular, the model predicting the signatures at a new geographical location must be able to separate the two types of magnetization, as permanent magnetization is independent of external conditions. In this paper, a FEM model of the vessel is first embedded in an external field and permanent magnetization is simulated using DC coils placed inside the model. Then, using the previously developed rules for data acquisition and determination of model parameters, a multi-dipole model is synthesized in which the induced and permanent parts are separated. The multi-dipole model thus developed has been successfully confronted with the initial model in FEM environment. The separation of permanent and induced magnetization allows the latter to be scaled according to new values of the external field. In the paper, the situation of determining a signature at one geographical position and its projection onto two other positions is analyzed. Having determined the signature with a high degree of accuracy anywhere in the world, it is possible to perform classical signature minimization by determining DC currents in coils placed inside the ship's hull. The paper also analyzes the effectiveness of ship's signature minimization and the influence of ship's course on the signature value. The advantage of the method presented in this paper is an integrated approach to the issue of scaling and minimization of ship magnetic signature, which has not been presented in the literature on such a scale before.
Investigating child sexual abuse material availability, searches, and users on the anonymous Tor network for a public health intervention strategy
Authors: Nurmi Juha , Paju Arttu , Brumley Billy Bob , Insoll Tegan , Ovaska Anna K. , Soloveva Valeriia , Vaaranen-Valkonen Nina , Aaltonen Mikko , Arroyo David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTor is widely used for staying anonymous online and accessing onion websites; unfortunately, Tor is popular for distributing and viewing illicit child sexual abuse material (CSAM). From 2018 to 2023, we analyse 176,683 onion domains and find that one-fifth share CSAM. We find that CSAM is easily available using 21 out of the 26 most-used Tor search engines. We analyse 110,133,715 search sessions from the Ahmia.fi search engine and discover that 11.1% seek CSAM. When searching CSAM by age, 40.5% search for 11-year-olds and younger; 11.0% for 12-year-olds; 8.2% for 13-year-olds; 11.6% for 14-year-olds; 10.9% for 15-year-olds; and 12.7% for 16-year-olds. We demonstrate accurate filtering for search engines, introduce intervention, show a questionnaire for CSAM users, and analyse 11,470 responses. 65.3% of CSAM users first saw the material when they were children themselves, and half of the respondents first saw the material accidentally, demonstrating the availability of CSAM. 48.1% want to stop using CSAM. Some seek help through Tor, and self-help websites are popular. Our survey finds commonalities between CSAM use and addiction. Help-seeking correlates with increasing viewing duration and frequency, depression, anxiety, self-harming thoughts, guilt, and shame. Yet, 73.9% of help seekers have not been able to receive it.
Interplay between tie strength and neighbourhood topology in complex networks
Authors: Mrowinski Maciej J. , Orzechowski Kamil P. , Fronczak Agata , Fronczak Piotr 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGranovetter’s weak ties theory is a very important sociological theory according to which a correlation between edge weight and the network’s topology should exist. More specifically, the neighbourhood overlap of two nodes connected by an edge should be positively correlated with edge weight (tie strength). However, some real social networks exhibit a negative correlation—the most prominent example is the scientific collaboration network, for which overlap decreases with edge weight. It has been demonstrated that the aforementioned inconsistency with Granovetter’s theory can be alleviated in the scientific collaboration network through the use of asymmetric measures. In this paper, we explain that while asymmetric measures are often necessary to describe complex networks and to confirm Granovetter’s theory, their interpretation is not simple, and there are pitfalls that one must be wary of. The definitions of asymmetric weights and overlaps introduce structural correlations that must be filtered out. We show that correlation profiles can be used to overcome this problem. Using this technique, not only do we confirm Granovetter’s theory in various real and artificial social networks, but we also show that Granovetter-like weight-topology correlations are present in other complex networks (e.g. metabolic and neural networks). Our results suggest that Granovetter’s theory is a sociological manifestation of more general principles governing various types of complex networks.
High-dose short-term osimertinib treatment is effective in patient-derived metastatic colorectal cancer organoids
Authors: Iyer Kirti K. , Poel Dennis , Miggelenbrink Anne , Kerkhof Wouter , Janssen Jorien , Bakkerus Lotte , de Jong Loek , van den Hombergh Erik , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Tauriello Daniele V. F. , van Erp Nielka P. , Verheul Henk M. W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Most tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have failed in clinical trials for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). To leverage the additional lower-affinity targets that most TKIs have, high-dose regimens that trigger efficacy are explored. Here, we studied unprecedented drug exposure–response relationships in vitro using mCRC patient-derived tumour organoids (PDTOs).

Methods
We investigated the cytotoxic anti-tumour effect of high-dose, short-term (HDST) TKI treatment on 5 PDTOs. Sunitinib, cediranib and osimertinib were selected based on favourable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Intra-tumoroid TKI concentrations were measured using a clinically validated LC/MS-MS method. Cell death was determined using an enzyme activity assay, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting.

Results
Most PDTOs tested were sensitive to sunitinib and cediranib, but all to osimertinib. Furthermore, HDST osimertinib treatment effectively blocks organoid growth. This treatment led to markedly elevated intra-tumoroid TKI concentrations, which correlated with PDTO sensitivity. Mechanistically, HDST osimertinib treatment induced apoptosis in treated PDTOs.

Conclusion
Our work provides a better understanding of TKI exposure vs response and can be used to determine patient-specific sensitivity. Additionally, these results may guide both mechanistic elucidation in organotypic translational models and the translation of target drug exposure to clinical dosing strategies. Moreover, HDST osimertinib treatment warrants clinical exploration for mCRC.
Body composition analysis by radiological imaging – methods, applications, and prospects
Authors: Linder Nicolas , Denecke Timm , Busse Harald 
Published: April 2024

Background This review discusses the quantitative assessment of tissue composition in the human body (body composition, BC) using radiological methods. Such analyses are gaining importance, in particular, for oncological and metabolic problems. The aim is to present the different methods and definitions in this field to a radiological readership in order to facilitate application and dissemination of BC methods. The main focus is on radiological cross-sectional imaging.
Methods The review is based on a recent literature search in the US National Library of Medicine catalog (pubmed.gov) using appropriate search terms (body composition, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia in conjunction with imaging and radiology, respectively), as well as our own work and experience, particularly with MRI- and CT-based analyses of abdominal fat compartments and muscle groups.
Results and Conclusion Key post-processing methods such as segmentation of tomographic datasets are now well established and used in numerous clinical disciplines, including bariatric surgery. Validated reference values are required for a reliable assessment of radiological measures, such as fatty liver or muscle. Artificial intelligence approaches (deep learning) already enable the automated segmentation of different tissues and compartments so that the extensive datasets can be processed in a time-efficient manner – in the case of so-called opportunistic screening, even retrospectively from diagnostic examinations. The availability of analysis tools and suitable datasets for AI training is considered a limitation.
Key Points
Citation Format
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Who Developed Elevated Blood Pressure and Stage I Hypertension after 20 Weeks, Gestation
Authors: Woolcock Helen , Parra Natalia , Zhang Yijia , Reddy Uma M. , Bello Natalie A. , Miller Eliza , Booker Whitney A. 
Published: April 2024

Objective The American College of Obstetrics threshold for hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg) differs from those of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). It is unknown if ACC/AHA hypertension levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) after 20 weeks gestation. The purpose of this study is to analyze APOs in women with blood pressure (BP) in the elevated or stage 1 range after 20 weeks gestation.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of the nuMoM2b prospective cohort study of 10,038 nulliparous, singleton pregnancies between 2010 and 2014. BP was measured at three visits during the pregnancy using a standard protocol. Women without medical comorbidities, with normal BP by ACC/AHA guidelines (systolic BP [SBP] < 120 and diastolic BP [DBP] < 80 mm Hg) up to 22 weeks, were included. Exposure was BP between 22 and 29 weeks gestation: normal (SBP < 120 and DBP < 80 mm Hg), elevated (SBP: 120–129 and DBP < 80 mm Hg), and stage 1 (SBP: 130–139 or DBP: 80–89 mm Hg). The primary outcome was hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) at delivery. Secondary outcomes included fetal growth restriction (FGR), placental abruption, preterm delivery, and cesarean delivery. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models.
Results Of 4,460 patients that met inclusion criteria, 3,832 (85.9%) had BP in the normal range, 408 (9.1%) in elevated, and 220 (4.9%) in stage 1 range between 22 and 29 weeks. The likelihood of HDP was significantly higher in women with elevated BP (aOR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.18,2.48), and stage 1 BP (aOR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.84,4.23) compared to normal BP (p < 0.001). Stage 1 BP had twice odds of FGR (aOR: 2.33, 95%CI: 1.22,4.47) and elevated BP had three times odds of placental abruption (aOR: 3.03; 95%CI: 1.24,7.39).
Conclusion Elevated or stage 1 BP >20 weeks of pregnancy are associated with HDP, FGR, and placental abruption.
Key Points
Pesticide extraction from soil into runoff in North American and Australian croplands
Authors: Silburn D. Mark , Crawford M. H. 
Published: April 2024

Context Do some pesticides run off more than others? How does pesticide runoff vary with pesticide properties? Aims Improve understanding of pesticide runoff from croplands. Methods Concentrations in surface soil and in runoff from three Australian rainfall simulation studies and three rainfall simulation and five catchment studies in North American croplands were used. The ratio of event averaged runoff concentrations and the surface soil concentrations is the runoff extraction ratio. Key results Pesticide runoff concentrations were closely related to soil surface concentrations at the start of rainfall. Runoff extraction ratios were not significantly different for 13 pesticides with a wide range of properties, on gentle slopes (0–3%), but were significantly lower for three pesticides. On steeper slopes, runoff extraction was significantly greater for atrazine but lower for glyphosate and metolachlor. Low sloping, furrow irrigated fields had low sediment concentrations and low pesticide runoff concentrations for more tightly sorbed pesticides, but not for less sorbed pesticides. Runoff extraction was not significantly different for simulated and most catchment studies. Conclusions Similar runoff extraction ratios were due to similar hydrology and limited sediment concentrations. Different runoff extraction occurs on bare soil if (a) pesticides are leached from the runoff-mixing layer, requiring sorption coefficients less than two and significant infiltration, and no interflow, (b) sediment concentrations are either low (<2 g L−1) or high (>100 g L−1) and (c) pesticides have different concentration profiles in the runoff-mixing layer. Implications Conditions studied apply for croplands in the North American mid-west on silty soils and for Australian clay soils.
Parametric characterization of arcs in semi-sealed splitter plate DC circuit breakers
Authors: Lin Jingyi , Wu Jianwen , Tong Ziang , Xia Shangwen , Chen Ruang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Precisely assessing plasma parameters holds paramount importance in investigating the arc extinguishing mechanism of semi-sealed splitter plate DC circuit breakers, refining the configuration of splitter plates, and optimizing the overall structural design of circuit breakers. Based on the principle of the Langmuir probe, a double probe diagnostic method is proposed to investigate the air arc plasma in the opening process of a DC circuit breaker. The diagnostic circuit of the probes is designed, and three sets of double probes are arranged to trace the evolution of the plasma density during the opening process. The research reveals that the plasma center density, measured by the diagnostic system during the opening process of the DC circuit breaker, is about 1022 m−3–1023 m−3. This density is compared with the diagnostic results obtained by other methods, confirming the accuracy of the Langmuir double probe for plasma measurements in the DC circuit breaker. The study also revealed an exponential decay behavior of electron density along the radial direction of the arc. A mathematical model was employed to describe this phenomenon, establishing a relationship between the distribution of electron density and arc current.
Local maximum synchrosqueezing reassigning chirplet transform and its application to gearbox fault diagnosis
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Tian Ye , Dai Fufeng , Shen Yanjie , Yang Yanjun , Liu Qiang , Wu Yingjie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of poor time–frequency (TF) aggregation and severe noise interference when traditional TF analysis (TFA) methods deal with complex multi-component signals, this paper proposes a new TFA method—local maximum synchrosqueezing reassigning chirplet transform (LMSRCT). The core idea of the method is to introduce the principle of general linear chirplet transform (CT) into synchro-reassigning transform, followed by reassigning the results of local maximum synchrosqueezing CT, and then introducing the innovative synchro-reassigning operator. This results to a novel three-step method for extracting instantaneous frequency (IF), which ultimately yields the final TF representation. This method ensures the integrity of each IF, solves the problem of energy divergence problems, and improves aggregation. Simulation and experimental results show that the LMSRCT can provide better characterisation results compared to other methods and can effectively solve the different situations that occur between the IFs of complex signals. The proposed method can effectively estimate transmission speed, which achieves fault diagnosis under tacholess conditions, and the order analysis results are more accurate and reliable.
Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia Following Cryolipolysis
Authors: Stein Michael J , Smith Darren , Chia Christopher , Matarasso Alan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Cryolipolysis (CL) is a noninvasive technique in which applicators cool tissue to temperatures that selectively destroy adipocytes. Since its introduction to the market, it has rapidly become one of the leading nonsurgical modalities to reduce fat in the aesthetic industry. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) is a rare adverse reaction to CL, in which there is initial reduction in fat volume, followed by abnormal fat growth exceeding the original volume in the treated area. The incidence of PAH is thought to be underreported, and its pathophysiology and management remains unclear. The objective of this study was to present a series of PAH cases and review efficacy of management modalities.

Level of Evidence: 4
Neural patterns associated with mixed valence feelings differ in consistency and predictability throughout the brain
Authors: Vaccaro Anthony G , Wu Helen , Iyer Rishab , Shakthivel Shruti , Christie Nina C , Damasio Antonio , Kaplan Jonas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mixed feelings, the simultaneous presence of feelings with positive and negative valence, remain an understudied topic. They pose a specific set of challenges due to individual variation, and their investigation requires analtyic approaches focusing on individually self-reported states. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan 27 subjects watching an animated short film chosen to induce bittersweet mixed feelings. The same subjects labeled when they had experienced positive, negative, and mixed feelings. Using hidden-Markov models, we found that various brain regions could predict the onsets of new feeling states as determined by self-report. The ability of the models to identify these transitions suggests that these states may exhibit unique and consistent neural signatures. We next used the subjects’ self-reports to evaluate the spatiotemporal consistency of neural patterns for positive, negative, and mixed states. The insula had unique and consistent neural signatures for univalent states, but not for mixed valence states. The anterior cingulate and ventral medial prefrontal cortex had consistent neural signatures for both univalent and mixed states. This study is the first to demonstrate that subjectively reported changes in feelings induced by naturalistic stimuli can be predicted from fMRI and the first to show direct evidence for a neurally consistent representation of mixed feelings.