bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Death and New Life of Law and Religion
Authors: De Girolami Marc O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The year 2023 was an end and a beginning. It saw the passing or retirement of many giants in the field of law and religion—scholars who brought their formidable erudition and insight to bear on questions that transcended legal doctrine, venturing upward into the heady realms of political theory, philosophy, history, sociology, and theology.
These and other recent departures from the active world of law and religion are an occasion to reflect on the state of the field. This article begins with a brief history of the field, highlighting the questions that motivated it to emerge in the 1970s and 1980s and the intellectual currents and legal developments against which it was reacting. It then argues that some of the central concerns and inquiries that occupied law and religion as a discrete field of academic study in what it calls the first wave heyday are now at an end. These include the nature of religion and the secular in the law, the division between these concepts, and the implications for law and religion as an independent academic discipline; the concept of state neutrality as to religion and the connected public–private divide as respects what is religious and what is non-religiously political; and the regime of religious exemption for everyone with a sincere objection to a law as the central feature of religious free exercise, in constitutional and statutory law.
This article argues that these are now, or will soon become, dead issues. Of course, they may well continue to be important for lawyers making and opposing claims in litigation, and for judges deciding among them, since the operative textual and doctrinal categories relevant to such claims will continue to depend on clever argumentation concerning some or all of them. And scholars will, no doubt, continue to wrangle over them. But to the extent that they continue to define the field or remain its signature issues, their growing irrelevance signals its death. Intellectual enterprises that survive over generations learn to adapt, and law and religion will need to do so as well. And, in fact, different issues, based on different premises and cultural circumstances, are beginning to emerge that may come to dominate the field and give it new life: the nature of political establishments and how they change; the use of ‘religion’ as a term for a category of political or ideological identity either to re-entrench or subvert political establishment; and the limits of what the so-called religious dissenters (who are now, and in large measure thanks to the first wave, indistinguishable from political or ideological dissenters) from the political establishment may reasonably expect in the way of accommodation from it. If the field is to survive, it will need to reorient itself towards new problems that afflict a very different world from the one in which it came into being.
Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight
Authors: Garcia-Medina J Sebastian , Sienkiewicz Karolina , Narayanan S Anand , Overbey Eliah G , Grigorev Kirill , Ryon Krista A , Burke Marissa , Proszynski Jacqueline , Tierney Braden , Schmidt Caleb M , Mencia-Trinchant Nuria , Klotz Remi , Ortiz Veronica , Foox Jonathan , Chin Christopher , Najjar Deena , Matei Irina , Chan Irenaeus , Cruchaga Carlos , Kleinman Ashley , Kim JangKeun , Lucaci Alexander , Loy Conor , Mzava Omary , De Vlaminck Iwijn , Singaraju Anvita , Taylor Lynn E , Schmidt Julian C , Schmidt Michael A , Blease Kelly , Moreno Juan , Boddicker Andrew , Zhao Junhua , Lajoie Bryan , Altomare Andrew , Kruglyak Semyon , Levy Shawn , Yu Min , Hassane Duane C , Bailey Susan M , Bolton Kelly , Mateus Jaime , Mason Christopher E 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Inspiration4 (I4) mission, the first all-civilian orbital flight mission, investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic approach. Despite advances, there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges, including microgravity, immune system perturbations, and radiation exposure.MethodsTo provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission, we collected dried blood spots pre-, during, and post-flight for DNA extraction. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR, while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations. A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis, including variant calling to assess mutational burden.ResultTelomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to Earth. Cell-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures post-flight. No significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) or whole-genome instability was observed. The long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months post-flight.ConclusionOur findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight, with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to Earth. CHIP sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts, an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career astronauts. This study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight, low Earth orbit (LEO) missions, and deep-space exploration.
K
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N Elastic Scatterings for Estimation of the In-Medium Quark Condensate with Strange Quarks
Authors: Iizawa Yutaro , Jido Daisuke , Hübsch Stephan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We revisit the low-energy K+N elastic scatterings in the context of the in-medium quark condensate with strange quarks. The chiral ward identity connects the in-medium quark condensate to the soft limit value of the pseudoscalar correlation function evaluated in nuclear matter. The in-medium correlation function of the pseudoscalar fields with strangeness describes in-medium kaon propagation and is obtained by kaon–nucleon scattering amplitudes in the low-density approximation. We construct the kaon–nucleon scattering amplitudes in chiral perturbation theory up to the next-to-leading order and add some terms of the next-to-next-to-leading order with the strange quark mass to improve expansion of the strange quark sector. We also consider the effect of a possible broad resonance state around Plab = 600 MeV/c for I = 0 reported in the previous study. The low-energy constants are determined by existing K+N scattering data. We obtain good reproduction of the K+p scattering amplitude by chiral perturbation theory, while the description of the KN amplitude with I = 0 is not so satisfactory due to the lack of low-energy data. Performing analytic continuation of the scattering amplitudes obtained by chiral perturbation theory to the soft limit, we estimate the in-medium strange quark condensate.
The Macroeconomics of Supply Chain Disruptions
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Tahbaz-Salehi Alireza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper develops a model to study the macroeconomic implications of supply chain disruptions with three key ingredients: (i) a firm-level network of customized supplier–customer links that generate relationship-specific productivity gains; (ii) bargaining over these relationship-specific surpluses; and (iii) an extensive margin of adjustment, whereby firms decide to form or sever relations with suppliers and customers. We establish equilibrium existence and uniqueness, provide characterization results, and present a number of comparative statics that show how supply chains and aggregate output respond to shocks. We also show that equilibrium supply chains are inefficient and exhibit an inherent fragility: small shocks can lead to discontinuous changes in output, even though the efficient allocation is always continuous in the same shocks. We explore several macroeconomic implications of this fragility.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced pigmentation in rheumatic diseases: prevalence, clinical features and influencing factors
Authors: Yin Zi-Jing , Li Pin , Yu Juan , Zuo Dachen , Fan Hongtao , Li Fayou , Wang Juan , Gao Fei , Zhao Weiqin , Wang Shuya , Ma Sha , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe the clinical features of Chinese patients with HCQ-induced pigmentation and analyse the potential risk factors associated with HCQ-induced pigmentation.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted over a duration of 7 months, during which patients who had received HCQ treatment for &gt;6 months were included. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire that encompassed demographic and geographic characteristics, information on HCQ and concomitant medication usage, sun exposure characteristics and hyperpigmentation-related characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to calculate the statistical association between HCQ-induced pigmentation and multiple variables.

Results
Out of 316 patients, 83 (26.3%) patients presented hyperpigmentation during HCQ treatment. Hyperpigmentation was presented after a median duration of HCQ treatment of 12 months (interquartile range, 6.0–30.0 months) with a median cumulative dose of 108 g of HCQ (interquartile range, 36–288 g). The most frequently affected sites of pigmentation were the face (60.2%), lower limbs (36.1%) and hands (20.5%). There was a linear decrease in the incidence of pigmentation with increasing daily sun exposure time (P = 0.030). In the multivariate analysis, variables (cumulative HCQ dose and daily sun exposure time) were included in the final models. The results revealed an independent correlation between HCQ-induced pigmentation and daily sun exposure exceeding 1 h (OR: 0.431; 95% CI: 0.208–0.892; P = 0.023).

Conclusions
The occurrence of HCQ-induced pigmentation is not uncommon, with an incidence rate of 26.3%. Daily sun exposure time exhibited a protective effect against HCQ-induced pigmentation.
Human In Vitro Models of Neuroenergetics and Neurometabolic Disturbances: Current Advances and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Rogal Julia , Zamproni Laura Nicoleti , Nikolakopoulou Polyxeni , Ygberg Sofia , Wedell Anna , Wredenberg Anna , Herland Anna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neurological conditions conquer the world; they are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and they appear all around the world in every age group, gender, nationality, and socioeconomic class. Despite the growing evidence of an immense impact of perturbations in neuroenergetics on overall brain function, only little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Especially human insights are sparse, owing to a shortage of physiologically relevant model systems. With this perspective, we aim to explore the key steps and considerations involved in developing an advanced human in vitro model for studying neuroenergetics. We discuss biological and technological strategies to meet the requirements of a predictive model, aiming at providing a guide and inspiration for future in vitro models of neuroenergetics.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the anti-cancer effect of gestational mesenchymal stem cell secretome
Authors: Vaiasicca Salvatore , Melone Gianmarco , James David W , Quintela Marcos , Xiao Jing , Yao Seydou , Finnell Richard H , Conlan Robert S , Francis Lewis W , Corradetti Bruna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The environment created during embryogenesis contributes to reducing aberrations that drive structural malformations and tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigate the anti-cancer effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from 2 different gestational tissues, the amniotic fluid (AF) and the chorionic villi (CV), with emphasis on their secretome. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on patient-derived AF- and CV-MSCs collected during prenatal diagnosis and identified both mRNAs and lncRNAs, involved in tissue homeostasis and inhibiting biological processes associated with the etiology of aggressive cancers while regulating immune pathways shown to be important in chronic disorders. Secretome enrichment analysis also identified soluble moieties involved in target cell regulation, tissue homeostasis, and cancer cell inhibition through the highlighted Wnt, TNF, and TGF-β signaling pathways. Transcriptomic data were experimentally confirmed through in vitro assays, by evaluating the anti-cancer effect of the media conditioned by AF- and CV-MSCs and the exosomes derived from them on ovarian cancer cells, revealing inhibitory effects in 2D (by reducing cell viability and inducing apoptosis) and in 3D conditions (by negatively interfering with spheroid formation). These data provide molecular insights into the potential role of gestational tissues-derived MSCs as source of anti-cancer factors, paving the way for the development of therapeutics to create a pro-regenerative environment for tissue restoration following injury, disease, or against degenerative disorders.
Cell-Cycle–Specific Autoencoding Improves Cluster Analysis of Cycling Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nguyen Thanh , Nakada Yuji , Wu Yalin , Zhao Jianli , Garry Daniel J , Sadek Hesham , Zhang Jianyi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Our previous analyses of cardiomyocyte single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data from the hearts of fetal pigs and pigs that underwent apical resection surgery on postnatal day (P) 1 (ARP1), myocardial infarction (MI) surgery on P28 (MIP28), both ARP1 and MIP28 (ARP1MIP28), or controls (no surgical procedure or CTL) identified 10 cardiomyocyte subpopulations (clusters), one of which appeared to be primed to proliferate in response to MI. However, the clusters composed of primarily proliferating cardiomyocytes still contained noncycling cells, and we were unable to distinguish between cardiomyocytes in different phases of the cell cycle. Here, we improved the precision of our assessments by conducting similar analyses with snRNAseq data for only the 1646 genes included under the Gene Ontology term “cell cycle.”

Methods
Two cardiac snRNAseq datasets, one from mice (GEO dataset number GSE130699) and one from pigs (GEO dataset number GSE185289), were evaluated via our cell-cycle–specific analytical pipeline. Cycling cells were identified via the co-expression of 5 proliferation markers (AURKB, MKI67, INCENP, CDCA8, and BIRC5).

Results
The cell-cycle–specific autoencoder (CSA) algorithm identified 7 cardiomyocyte clusters in mouse hearts (mCM1 and mCM3-mCM8), including one prominent cluster of cycling cardiomyocytes in animals that underwent MI or Sham surgery on P1. Five cardiomyocyte clusters (pCM1, pCM3-pCM6) were identified in pig hearts, 2 of which (pCM1 and pCM4) displayed evidence of cell cycle activity; pCM4 was found primarily in hearts from fetal pigs, while pCM1 comprised a small proportion of cardiomyocytes in both fetal hearts and hearts from ARP1MIP28 pigs during the 2 weeks after MI induction, but was nearly undetectable in all other experimental groups and at all other time points. Furthermore, pseudotime trajectory analysis of snRNAseq data from fetal pig cardiomyocytes identified a pathway that began at pCM3, passed through pCM2, and ended at pCM1, whereas pCM3 was enriched for the expression of a cell cycle activator that regulates the G1/S phase transition (cyclin D2), pCM2 was enriched for an S-phase regulator (CCNE2), and pCM1 was enriched for the expression of a gene that regulates the G2M phase transition and mitosis (cyclin B2). We also identified 4 transcription factors (E2F8, FOXM1, GLI3, and RAD51) that were more abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes from regenerative mouse hearts than from nonregenerative mouse hearts, from the hearts of fetal pigs than from CTL pig hearts, and from ARP1MIP28 pig hearts than from MIP28 pig hearts during the 2 weeks after MI induction.

Conclusions
The CSA algorithm improved the precision of our assessments of cell cycle activity in cardiomyocyte subpopulations and enabled us to identify a trajectory across 3 clusters that appeared to track the onset and progression of cell cycle activity in cardiomyocytes from fetal pigs.
Determination of gas flux and animal performance test duration of growing cattle in confined conditions
Authors: Vargas Juan de J , Swenson Maya , Place Sara E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Data from three experiments was analyzed to determine the number of visits and days to assess gas flux (CH4, CO2, and O2), dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain (ADG) from growing animals under confined conditions. In experiment 1, 213 animals (461 ± 91 kg initial body weight [BW]) were fed a backgrounding diet and evaluated for 60 d. In experiment 2, 169 steers (488 ± 37 kg initial BW) were fed a finishing diet and assessed for 70 d. In experiment 3, 64 steers (514 ± 42 kg initial BW) were fed a finishing diet and evaluated for 80 d. In each experiment, animals were placed in one pen with one Greenfeed and five SmartFeeds to collect gas flux and feed intake simultaneously. Gas flux was analyzed using data from 161 animals from the three experiments with 100 visits for 2 or more min or 3 or more min. Also, metabolic heat production (MHP) was estimated using the individual gas flux. Daily DMI was calculated as the daily feed intake corrected by the dry matter concentration. ADG was computed as the slope of the regression of the shrunk BW (96% BW) throughout each of the experimental periods. The mean gas flux and MHP were estimated for increasing or decreasing 5-visit intervals starting with the first or the last 5 visits and increasing or decreasing until the full 100-visit dataset was utilized, respectively. Intervals of DMI were estimated for increasing or decreasing 5-d intervals starting with the first or the last 5 d and increasing or decreasing until the end of the experimental period, respectively. Intervals of ADG were estimated for increasing or decreasing measurement period intervals until the end of the experimental period, respectively. Pearson and Spearman correlations were computed between the maximum visits or days and each shortened visit or day interval. The minimum number of visits and days was determined when correlations with the total visits were greater than 0.95. The results indicated that the minimum number of visits needed to quantify CO2, O2, and MHP accurately was 40, while CH4 was 60. A visitation length of 2 min or more or 3 min or more did not modify the gas flux determination. Thus, based on the average daily visitation in these experiments, gas flux data could be collected for 25 d. Additionally, the required days to determine DMI was 30, while ADG could not be assessed in a shorter than 60-d period.
An investigation of business calculus students’ covariational reasoning, procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge in the context of price elasticity of demand
Authors: Mkhatshwa Thembinkosi P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the paucity of research that has examined students’ covariational reasoning in economic contexts, the study reported in this article investigated business calculus students’ covariational reasoning about the economic concept of price elasticity of demand. Furthermore, the study examined students’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge in the context of explaining what it means for demand to be inelastic, elastic or unit elastic, respectively. Additionally, the study examined students’ calculational knowledge of price elasticity of demand. The analysis of 10 students’ responses to three tasks used in the study revealed that most of the students struggled making sense of what it means for demand to be inelastic, elastic or unit elastic, respectively. A majority of the students only engaged at the lowest levels of covariational reasoning when prompted to reason about the relationship between the concept of price elasticity of demand and its relationship to the economic quantities of price, demand and revenue. Furthermore, showing that maximum revenue occurs when price elasticity of demand is equal to one was particularly challenging for all the students. Overall, findings from this study suggest that the study participants demonstrated a weak understanding of the concept of price elasticity of demand. Directions for future research and implications for instruction are included.
Impacts of Extreme Weather Events on Education Outcomes: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Venegas Marin Sergio , Schwarz Lara , Sabarwal Shwetlena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Extreme weather events are increasingly disrupting schooling. Yet, these are underrepresented in the climate change literature. Of 15 review articles on the economic impacts of climate change published since 2010, only three mention the impacts of climate change on education. We review available literature on the effects of weather extremes on education. We outline key pathways through which these events impact education outcomes, as well as the magnitude of those impacts. Evidence implies a significant and adverse relationship between heat and learning. Studies suggest surpassing a high temperature threshold makes learning difficult and results in learning losses. Across studies, each additional day subject to extreme heat reduces learning. Tropical cyclones, floods, and wildfires precipitate school closures, which halt learning. Evidence suggests that one day of school closures leads to one day of learning lost. Weather extremes also negatively impact education outcomes through health, nutrition, poverty, and fragility, among other distal pathways. We discuss the implications of this evidence for policy, including the need to adapt education systems to climate change. Mitigation and adaptation are both urgently needed as extreme weather events become more frequent and severe in the context of climate change.
Novel Approach to Difficult Spinal Reconstruction: Bilateral Simultaneous Rib and Iliac Crest Vascularized Bone Graft Spinoplastic Surgery
Authors: Shvedova Maria , Abdulwadood Isra , Vernik Daniel M. , Shrout Max A. , Jeger Jonathan L. , Buchanan Dylon C. , Ropper Alexander , Winocour Sebastian , Bohl Michael , Kalani Maziyar A. , Reece Edward M. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Pseudoarthrosis is a severe complication of spinal fusion surgery with occurrence rates as high as 35%–40%. Current options of revision surgery to correct pseudoarthrosis frequently carry high failure rates and risk of developing junctional kyphosis. Pedicled vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) are an innovative approach to boost spinal fusion rates via improving structural integrity and increasing the delivery of blood to the donor site. This versatile technique can be performed at different spinal levels without additional skin incisions and with minimal added operative time. Here we present the first bilateral rib and iliac crest VBG spinoplastic surgery performed to augment spinal fusion in a 68-year-old woman with distal junctional kyphosis and severe positive sagittal balance with low back and neck pain and significant difficulty standing upright. The patient had history of multiple spinal operations with preoperative CT imaging demonstrating loosening and pull out of L3 and fracture of L2 screws. She underwent two-stage surgical treatment involving anterior lumbar interbody fusion L3-S1 followed by removal of hardware, T4 to pelvis fusion with L2-3 prone lateral interbody fusion, and T11-S1 posterior column osteotomies. The surgery was augmented by bilateral rib and iliac crest VBGs performed by plastic surgery. At three-month follow-up the patient demonstrated functional improvement, being able to maintain upright posture and walk; was satisfied with the result of the surgery; and demonstrated no graft-related complications. In conclusion, utilization of pedicled VBGs is a novel, promising approach to augment spinal surgery in high risk patients.