bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International perspectives on measuring national digital public health system maturity through a multidisciplinary Delphi study
Authors: Maaß Laura , Zeeb Hajo , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnlocking the full potential of digital public health (DiPH) systems requires a comprehensive tool to assess their maturity. While the World Health Organization and the International Telecommunication Union released a toolkit in 2012 covering various aspects of digitalizing national healthcare systems, a holistic maturity assessment tool has been lacking ever since. To bridge this gap, we conducted a pioneering Delphi study, to which 54 experts from diverse continents and academic fields actively contributed to at least one of three rounds. 54 experts participated in developing and rating multidisciplinary quality indicators to measure the maturity of national digital public health systems. Participants established consensus on these indicators with a threshold of 70% agreement on indicator importance. Eventually, 96 indicators were identified and agreed upon by experts. Notably, 48% of these indicators were found to align with existing validated tools, highlighting their relevance and reliability. However, further investigation is required to assess the suitability and applicability of all the suggestions put forward by our participants. Nevertheless, this Delphi study is an essential initial stride toward a comprehensive measurement tool for DiPH system maturity. By working towards a standardized assessment of DiPH system maturity, we aim to empower decision-makers to make informed choices, optimize resource allocation, and drive innovation in healthcare delivery. The results of this study mark a significant milestone in advancing DiPH on a global scale.
Pseudomonas putida as saviour for troubled Synechococcus elongatus in a synthetic co-culture – interaction studies based on a multi-OMICs approach
Authors: Kratzl Franziska , Urban Marlene , Pandhal Jagroop , Shi Mengxun , Meng Chen , Kleigrewe Karin , Kremling Andreas , Pflüger-Grau Katharina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn their natural habitats, microbes rarely exist in isolation; instead, they thrive in consortia, where various interactions occur. In this study, a defined synthetic co-culture of the cyanobacterium S. elongatus cscB, which supplies sucrose to the heterotrophic P. putida cscRABY, is investigated to identify potential interactions. Initial experiments reveal a remarkable growth-promoting effect of the heterotrophic partner on the cyanobacterium, resulting in an up to 80% increase in the growth rate and enhanced photosynthetic capacity. Vice versa, the presence of the cyanobacterium has a neutral effect on P. putida cscRABY, highlighting the resilience of pseudomonads against stress and their potential as co-culture partners. Next, a suitable reference process reinforcing the growth-promoting effect is established in a parallel photobioreactor system, which sets the basis for the analysis of the co-culture at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. In addition to several moderate changes, including alterations in the metabolism and stress response in both microbes, this comprehensive multi-OMICs approach strongly hints towards the exchange of further molecules beyond the unidirectional feeding with sucrose. Taken together, these findings provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics between both co-culture partners, indicating multi-level interactions, which can be employed for further streamlining of the co-cultivation system.
An experimentally representative in-silico protocol for dynamical studies of lyophilised and weakly hydrated amorphous proteins
Authors: Bassotti Elisa , Gabrielli Sara , Paradossi Gaio , Chiessi Ester , Telling Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCharacterization of biopolymers in both dry and weakly hydrated amorphous states has implications for the pharmaceutical industry since it provides understanding of the effect of lyophilisation on stability and biological activity. Atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations probe structural and dynamical features related to system functionality. However, while simulations in homogenous aqueous environments are routine, dehydrated model assemblies are a challenge with systems investigated in-silico needing careful consideration; simulated systems potentially differing markedly despite seemingly negligible changes in procedure. Here we propose an in-silico protocol to model proteins in lyophilised and weakly hydrated amorphous states that is both more experimentally representative and routinely applicable. Since the outputs from MD align directly with those accessed by neutron scattering, the efficacy of the simulation protocol proposed is shown by validating against experimental neutron data for apoferritin and insulin. This work also highlights that without cooperative experimental and simulative data, development of simulative procedures using MD alone would prove most challenging.
An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Zhao Jing , Yue Shuai , Li Ziyu , Duan Xiang , Lin Yao , Yang Yang , He Junjian , Gao Leiqiong , Pan Zhiwei , Yang Xiaofan , Su Xingxing , Huang Min , Li Xiao , Zhao Ye , Zhang Xuehui , Li Zhirong , Hu Li , Tang Jianfang , Hao Yaxing , Tian Qin , Wang Yifei , Xu Lifan , Huang Qizhao , Cao Yingjiao , Chen Yaokai , Zhu Bo , Li Yan , Bai Fan , Zhang Guozhong , Ye Lilin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTumor-specific T cells are crucial in anti-tumor immunity and act as targets for cancer immunotherapies. However, these cells are numerically scarce and functionally exhausted in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to inefficacious immunotherapies in most patients with cancer. By contrast, emerging evidence suggested that tumor-irrelevant bystander T (TBYS) cells are abundant and preserve functional memory properties in the TME. To leverage TBYS cells in the TME to eliminate tumor cells, we engineered oncolytic virus (OV) encoding TBYS epitopes (OV-BYTE) to redirect the antigen specificity of tumor cells to pre-existing TBYS cells, leading to effective tumor inhibition in multiple preclinical models. Mechanistically, OV-BYTE induced epitope spreading of tumor antigens to elicit more diverse tumor-specific T cell responses. Remarkably, the OV-BYTE strategy targeting human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory efficiently inhibited tumor progression in a human tumor cell-derived xenograft model, providing important insights into the improvement of cancer immunotherapies in a large population with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
Social Networks and Communication Impairment: Racial Differences Among Stroke Survivors
Authors: Jones Jacqueline Nicole , Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Recent evidence highlights the importance of social networks—the composition of social relationships—and their characteristics in stroke recovery. This study explores the relationship between social networks and poststroke communication outcomes.

Method:

A cohort of 30 non-Hispanic Black (
n
= 12) and non-Hispanic White (
n
= 18) adult stroke survivors completed the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) Communication subtest and the Stroke Social Network Scale (SSNS). The SSNS captures elements of social networks including satisfaction and contact with friends, relatives, children, and groups. The relationship between the SIS Communication subtest scores and SSNS scores was explored using ordinal Bayesian regression estimation models adjusting for sex, age, time postonset, marital status, and stroke type.

Results:

Average SIS Communication scores differed (
t
= 2.07,
p
= .335) between White (
M
= 81.75,
SD
= 22.90) and Black (
M
= 95.71,
SD
= 4.95) participants, but SSNS Comprehensive scores were similar between the two groups (
t
= −0.89,
p
= 1.00). SSNS children subtest scores were higher among the Black than the White (
t
= −1.73,
p
= .0473) participants. Similarly, satisfaction subtest scores were comparatively higher among Black than White participants (
t
= 1.85,
p
= .451). SSNS Satisfaction, Friends, and Groups subtest scores were positively associated with SIS Communication, indicating strong associations with lower impairment. SSNS Children subtest scores were negatively related to SIS, indicating higher impairment. Although most subtest associations were similar for both groups, the associations with SSNS Children and Friends subtests differed between racial groups.

Conclusions:
Levels of communication impairment were correlated with child, friendship, and group attachments among participants. However, strong social ties to children and friends had different associations among racial groups.
A Hierarchical Approach to Efficient Assessment of Functional Intelligibility: The Modular FITI (Functional Importance to Intelligibility) Phrase List
Authors: Gurevich Naomi , Kim Heejin 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Gurevich and Kim (2023a) developed speech stimuli with full phonetic coverage and phonemic balance to comprehensively examine production and perception of consonants. They identify a hierarchy of positional variants with functional importance to intelligibility (FITI). The FITI stimuli are well suited for assessing intelligibility. Multiple studies report that clinicians prefer nonstandard materials (e.g., reading passages, word lists) over formal tools (e.g., Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment–Second Edition [FDA-2]; Enderby & Palmer, 2008), citing time constraints among reasons. Having analyzed the phonetic coverage of the three standard passages (Gurevich & Kim, 2022), the purpose herein is to provide a similar analysis for the FDA-2 and to construct an alternative list of stimuli that achieves strategic coverage of priority intelligibility targets and is adaptable to time constraints.

Method:
The FDA-2 word list was analyzed in terms of its coverage of the 466 allowable contexts for the 24 English consonants and its coverage of priority FITI targets. A subset of the stimuli from Gurevich and Kim (2023a) was used to construct phrases organized in modules from highest to lowest FITI priority.

Results:
The full FDA-2 word list covers 35.41% of the allowable 466 contexts, compared to 83.05% by the 308 FITI word list from Gurevich and Kim (2023a). It also underperforms in covering priority FITI targets but does capture some of the hierarchy if all 115 words are used. Fifteen modules were constructed from the 308 FITI words with one to five phrases per module, presented in order of highest to lowest FITI priority.

Conclusions:
The newly constructed list of phrases has comprehensive phonetic coverage, follows the FITI hierarchy, and is built in autonomous modules. Using the modular FITI phrases to investigate speech is adaptable to time constraints in a manner that prioritizes intelligibility targets.
A bit rate condition for feedback stabilization of uncertain switched systems with external disturbances based on event triggering
Authors: Chen Rui , Ling Qiang , Fang Jie , Fei Xihong , Wang Duansong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the input‐to‐state stability of an uncertain switched linear system with external disturbances, whose feedback loop is closed over a digital communication network. In the network, only a finite bit rate can be provided to transmit the feedback signal and unknown network delay always exists. By using reachable set approximation and propagation methods, it can well handle with the effects of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay on the stability of the system. To save network resources, event‐triggered sampling is taken here. Under the event‐triggered sampling strategies, a new encoder is proposed, which consumes less feedback bits than the conventional time‐triggered encoders. It is proven that even in the existence of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay, the proposed event‐triggered sampling strategies require a lower feedback bit rate to stabilize the switched system than conventional periodic sampling methods.
A model‐based failure times identification for a system governed by a 2D parabolic partial differential equation
Authors: Bidou Mohamed Salim , Perez Laetitia , Verron Sylvain , Autrique Laurent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research focuses on the identification of failure times in thermal systems governed by partial differential equations, a task known for its complexity. A new model‐based diagnostic approach is presented that aims to accurately identify failing heat sources and accurately determine their failure times, which is crucial when multiple heat sources fail and there is a delay in detection by distant sensors. To validate the effectiveness of the approach, a comparative analysis is carried out with an established method based on a Bayesian filter, the Kalman filter. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis, highlighting the advantages and potential limitations of the methodology. In addition, a Monte Carlo simulation is implemented to assess the impact of sensor measurements on the performance of this new approach.
Policy iteration for H∞ control of polynomial time‐varying systems
Authors: Pakkhesal Sajjad , Shamaghdari Saeed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the H∞ control problem for polynomial time‐varying systems. The H∞ control problem has been much less investigated for time‐varying systems in comparison to the time‐invariant systems. Approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is an optimal method to solve the control problems. Therefore, it is valuable to solve the polynomial time‐varying H∞ control problem with the ADP approach. Considering the time as an independent variable for sum‐of‐squares (SOS) optimization problems, an SOS‐based ADP method is proposed to solve this problem. A policy iteration algorithm is presented, where in its policy evaluation step it is sufficient to solve an optimization problem. Some constraints are added to this optimization problem to guarantee the closed‐loop exponential stability. The convergence and stability properties of the proposed algorithm are stated and proven. Moreover, in order to design an H∞ controller with a smaller disturbance attenuation coefficient, a two‐loop algorithm is suggested. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Differential graphical game‐based multi‐agent tracking control using integral reinforcement learning
Authors: Guo Yaning , Sun Qi , Wang Yintao , Pan Quan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the cooperative tracking control problem of interacted multi‐agent systems (MASs) under undirected communication. Based on differential graphical game theory, the MAS tracking control problem is formulated as an infinite horizon cooperative differential graphical game‐theoretic tracking control framework, where a multi‐objective optimization problem is designed and then cast into a Pareto‐equivalent single‐objective optimization problem using a scalarization method. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the Pareto‐optimal strategy to the game theoretic tracking control are established, where it has been proven that the solution to the integral Bellman optimality equation leads to Pareto‐optimal strategy. Then, an off‐policy integral reinforcement learning scheme to find optimal control strategy using a pure data‐driven manner is developed, which consumes less computation efforts than the traditional learning scheme. Simulated results are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed game and IRL‐based tracking control method.
Discrimination of various upper structures and vehicles using radar cross section of frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar
Authors: Yoon Hyunsoo , Oh Junsu , Shin Hyun‐Chool 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough radar sensors have been known for their robustness in challenging environmental conditions, they face difficulties in distinguishing between upper structure (US), such as road signs, traffic lights, overpasses, and pedestrian bridges, and forward vehicle (FV). This misclassification can lead to false alarms and unwanted braking events. In this paper, the authors propose a method distinguishing between US and FV at different distances based on change in radar cross section (RCS). The study collects real‐world RCS data from various objects identified as US and FV during road driving scenarios.
Insect‐scale fast moving and ultra‐load‐carrying robot
Authors: Zhao Jiaxin , Wang Ziyang , Wu Guangping , Wu Chaofeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe load capacity of small robots plays a crucial role in practical applications. Drawing inspiration from biological load‐carrying mechanisms, a crawling robot based on piezoelectric bending is proposed. It is an insect‐scale piezoelectric‐driven crawling robot with a load capacity of 100.4 times its weight, which is the highest measured among published insect‐scale robots. The robot was designed and fabricated in a monolithic manner, enhancing the assembly efficiency of the robot. It weighs only 0.68 g and has a length of only 40 mm. The robot can achieve rapid movement and jumping by using two different driving methods. Its maximum forward speed is 7.77 BL/s (body lengths per second), and it can reach a forward speed of 1 BL/s under a load of 41.6 g, the maximum load of the robot is 68.24 g. It can move rapidly, climb slopes, traverse ground obstacles, and pass through pipes, similar to an insect.
Chemical activity score of siliceous rocks in development of self-cleaning cement material
Authors: Balykov Artemy , Chugunov Denis , Davydova Natalia 
Published: April 2024

The development of photocatalytically active cement materials characterized by a complex of positive properties, such as self-cleaning ability, decompose atmospheric air pollutants, eliminate unwanted odors, etc., is actual scientific direction in the field of building materials science.
It is known that ‘core-shell’ compositions obtained by precipitation of photocatalyst particles on dispersed carriers (substrates) are one of the effective types of photocatalytic additives for cement systems. It should be noted that mineral raw materials of various genesis can act as a substrate. Foreign and domestic experience in obtaining ‘core-shell’ photocatalytic systems for cement materials shows that the type of photocatalytic agent carrier has a primary influence on the final parameters of the synthesized composite modifier. The purpose of this study was to establish patterns of influence of the composition of 3 types of opal-cristobalite rocks (diatomite, trepel, opoka) on their chemical activity. It was identified that the reactivity of siliceous rocks grows in the order of trepel → opoka → diatomite. Meanwhile, it was recorded that increase in the content of opal silica in the composition contributed to growth in the sedimentary rock reactivity. The obtained research results indicate the prospects of using diatomite and opoka as dispersed carriers of photocatalytic agents in the composition of self-cleaning cement concretes.
Über den Wandel bei der ZGN und aktuelle Umbrüche in der täglichen
Arbeit
Authors: Strauss Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,mit dieser Ausgabe scheidet Professor Dr. med. Christian P. Speer, FRCPE, eine der
tragenden Säulen der ZGN, aus dem Editorial Board dieses traditionsreichsten
deutschen Journals zur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie aus. Ohne Professor Speer, der
die Zeitschrift über beeindruckende 29 Jahre entscheidend mitgeprägt hat, wird dem
Herausgebergremium ein gewissenhafter Verantwortungsträger, weitsichtiger Vordenker
und meinungsstarker Diskutant fehlen. Nicht zuletzt der Blick auf die lange Liste an
Verdiensten um die Zeitschrift lässt die Bedeutung des von ihm selbstgewählten Endes
seiner aktiven Editorenschaft ermessen. Perinatologische Interdisziplinarität
klinisch zu leben und dieses Credo in einem modernen Zeitschriftenformat zu
institutionalisieren, umreisst seinen wirkmächtigen Beitrag zur
erfolgreichen Fortentwicklung der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
(siehe dazu auch die Laudatio auf Seite 125). Unter seiner Ägide prosperierte die
Anerkennung der Zeitschrift sowohl im wissenschaftlichen Kontext als auch bei ihrer
Leserschaft.
DemStepCare: Risikostratifizierte Unterstützung der ambulanten
Demenzversorgung – Bewertung aus hausärztlicher Perspektive
Authors: Geschke Katharina , Wangler Julian , Klein Fabian , Wuttke-Linnemann Alexandra , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Löhr Michael , Jansky Michael , Fellgiebel Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Das Innovationsfondsprojekt DemStepCare zielte darauf, die
multiprofessionelle ambulante Versorgung durch Case Management,
Risikostratifizierung und Krisenambulanz zu optimieren. Vorgestellt werden die
Evaluationsergebnisse aus hausärztlicher Perspektive.
Methodik Zu drei Zeitpunkten erfolgte eine quantitative Befragung der
Hausärzt*innen hinsichtlich Akzeptanz, Nutzenbewertung und Demenzsensibilität.
Ergänzend wurden qualitative Interviews geführt.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit dem Gesamtprojekt.
Wahrgenommen wurden Mehrwerte und Entlastungsfaktoren und durch die Kooperation
mit dem Case Management eine effektivere und stabilere Demenzversorgung. Die
Hausärzt*innen gaben eine gestiegene subjektive Kompetenz bei Diagnostik und
Krankheitsmanagement an.
Schlussfolgerung Die Befunde bestätigen aus hausärztlicher Sicht Nutzen
und Effektivität von DemStepCare.
Towards an international regulatory framework for AI safety: lessons from the IAEA’s nuclear safety regulations
Authors: Cha Seokki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the necessity and direction of safety regulations for Artificial Intelligence (AI), drawing parallels from the regulatory practices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for nuclear safety. The rapid advancement and global proliferation of AI technologies necessitate the establishment of standardized safety norms to minimize discrepancies between national regulations and enhance the consistency and effectiveness of these rules. The study emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and the engagement of various stakeholders to strengthen the appropriateness of regulations and ensure their continuous updating in response to the evolving risks associated with technological advancements. The paper highlights the critical role of subgoal setting mechanisms in AI’s decision-making processes, underscoring their significance in ensuring the technology’s stability and social acceptability. Improperly tuned subgoal setting mechanisms may lead to outcomes that conflict with human intentions, posing risks to users and society at large. The study draws attention to the hidden risks often embedded within AI’s core decision-making mechanisms and advocates for regulatory approaches to guarantee safe and predictable AI operations. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the limitations of directly applying IAEA’s nuclear safety cases to AI due to the distinct characteristics and risks of the two fields. The paper calls for future research to delve deeper into the need for an independent regulatory framework tailored to AI’s unique features. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of accelerating international consensus, developing flexible regulatory models that reflect the situation in each country, exploring harmonization with existing regulations, and researching timely regulatory responses to the fast-paced development of AI technology.