bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of a phaeochromocytoma situated in the peivis by radionuclide scanning
Authors: Vellar I D A , Chmiel R , Cahill J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Accurate localization of an extra-adrenal (pelvic) phaeochromocytoma was achieved by radionuclide scanning using 99 Tcm-Sn-DTPA. This facilitated the planning of the surgical approach and the subsequent removal of the tumour.
Flow and function in machine-preserved kidneys
Authors: Sampson Derek , Kauffman H Myron , Walczak Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred machine-preserved cadaver kidneys were transplanted irrespective of their flow rates on the preservation machine. Twenty-five per cent had flows of below 100 ml/min and 11 per cent had flows of below 80 ml/min. There was no correlation between the flow rate and function at 1, 3 or 12 months. There was no difference in the flow rate between those kidneys which functioned immediately and those which never functioned. A fall in flow rate was associated with acute tubular necrosis of longer duration but eventual function was not impaired. There was a higher incidence of early aggressive rejection in kidneys which functioned immediately. Preservation failure per se is a rare cause of primary non-function. Adherence to a policy of ignoring the flow characteristics of machine-preserved kidneys could make up to 25 per cent more kidneys available for transplantation.
Peritoneal lavage in appendicular peritonitis
Authors: Stewart D J , Matheson N A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Peritoneal lavage resulted in a significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay in a retrospective series of 189 children with peritonitis secondary to perforation of the appendix. Antibiotic peritoneal lavage also resulted in a significant reduction in the number of children with septic and adhesive complications compared with antiseptic lavage and no lavage, mainly as a result of fewer wound infections. The overall incidence of residual intraperitoneal infection was low, and although differences in this respect were not significant, none of the children treated with antibiotic peritoneal lavage required reoperation for intraperitoneal sepsis.
Proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage for duodenal ulcer: Results after 5–8 years
Authors: Goligher J C , Hill G L , Kenny T E , Nutter E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience with proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage in the treatment of 316 men with duodenal ulcer is surveyed, with particular reference to the 117 who have been followed up for 5–8 years and whose results are compared with those obtained after other standard elective operations.
There were no operative deaths. Symptoms suggestive of recurrent ulceration developed in 12·0 per cent of the entire series of 316 cases, but in only 3·8 per cent was the presence of a recurrent ulcer definitely established. In the 117 cases followed up for 5–8 years similar symptoms were noted in 15·4 per cent, but the presence of a recurrent ulcer was proved in only 4·3 per cent.
At 5–8 year follow-up dumping was virtually completely absent and diarrhoea was significantly less than after truncal vagotomy with drainage or antrectomy, whilst there were insignificant reductions in the incidence of post-prandial epigastric fullness and bile vomiting.
Visick grading at 5–8 years rated the result as excellent or very good in 75 per cent of the cases, as fair in 13 per cent and as a failure in another 12 per cent.
The advantages and disadvantages of proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage relative to those of truncal vagotomy with drainage or antrectomy are discussed.
Highly selective vagotomy using tantalum clips
Authors: Salaman John R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique is described for performing highly selective vagotomy in cases of duodenal ulcer. Tantalum clips are used instead of conventional ligatures for securing the nerves and blood vessels that pass to the lesser curve of the stomach. With this technique the author has found the operation of highly selective vagotomy quicker and easier to perform.
Transection of the trachea secondary to blunt trauma
Authors: Lawhorne Thomas W , Jeyasingham K , Kieffer Richard F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Tracheal injuries secondary to blunt trauma are not common and complete tracheal transection is even more unusual. Because the incidence of these treatable, but often lethal, injuries is increasing, more surgeons will encounter them. A report of the treatment of a case of tracheal transection due to blunt trauma with emphasis on avoiding unnecessary tracheostomy is presented, with a review of the literature.
Two cases of giant intestinal gas cyst
Authors: Ingram N P , Holford C P , Ellis W R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Large gas cysts of the colon are uncommon and only some 30 cases have been reported (Moss, 1975). They usually arise from the sigmoid colon and are always associated with diverticular disease (Schenken and Cochran, 1972). In view of their rarity, 2 further cases with different presenting factors are discussed.
Cure of intractable watery diarrhoea by excision of a vipoma
Authors: Modlin Irvin M , Bloom Stephen R , Barnes A , Welbourn R B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A 56-year-old man suffered unexplained watery diarrhoea for 5 years which ultimately produced quadraparesis due to serve potassium depletion. All investigations were negative until demonstration of elevated plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) indicated the presence of a vipoma. Removal of the VIP-producing tumour tissue–an adrenal ganglioneuroma–resulted in complete cure. Plasma VIP measurement is thus a valuable diagnostic screen in such cases and can be used to predict prognosis and to guide further therapy.
Acute non-calculous cholecystitis in burns
Authors: Alawneh I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seven burned patients developed acute cholecystitis within 10-37 days of injury, associated with jaundice in 5. There were 6 males and 1 female, with 5 patients aged 28-40 years, the others being 56 and 69 years. Cholecystectomy was performed in all patients with 1 death. It is suggested that the cause of post-burn cholecystitis is traumatic and septic shock with consequent biliary stasis.
The effect of smoking on the late patency of arterial reconstructions in the legs
Authors: Myers K A , King R B , Scott D F , Johnson N , Morris P J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective study of 217 patients, smoking habits were related to the late patency rates of arterial reconstructions performed for ischaemia of the legs. Patients who had stopped smoking or who smoked no more than 5 cigarettes per day after the operation had late patency rates of approximately 90 per cent for aortofemoral reconstructions and 80 per cent for femoropopliteal vein grafts. Patients who continued to smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day were approximately three times more likely to block an aortofemoral reconstruction and four times more likely to block a femoropliteal vein graft. The results were similar for males and females, for various age groups, for claudicants and patients with severe ischaemia and for aortofemoral endarterectomy and Dacron grafts.The late patency rate was approximately inversely proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked per day after the operation. There was no such correlation with the number smoked per day before the operation.
Lord'sprocedure: A critical study of its basic principle
Authors: Ortiz H , Marti J , Jaurrieta E , Masdevall C , Ferrer J , Sitges A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 5 patients affected by second-degree haemorrhoids a biopsy of one of the bands mentioned by Lord was taken and studied by light microscopy using Masson'stechnique. The study proved the structures to be normal smooth and striated muscle fibres. Anal pressure was studied preoperatively in 20 patients with haemorrhoids and postoperatively in 25 patients, 14 after a Lord'sprocedure and 11 after a conventional Milligan and Morgan procedure. A statistical study of the pressure values obtained in the three groups at centimetre intervals showed no significant differences between the three groups except when we compared the values obtained at 1 cm of the anal verge in untreated patients and in those operated on by the Milligan and Morgan procedure.
Sixty patients affected by second- or third-degree haemorrhoids without other anal complaints were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Thirty were operated on by Lord'smethod and the other 30 by the Milligan and Morgan procedure. Fifty-two of the 60 patients were followed up for 1 year or longer post-operatively. Twenty-eight had been operated on by Lord'smethod and the other 24 by the Milligan and Morgan technique. Clinical results were statistically assessed within and between techniques. The study showed that with both methods bleeding, prolapse and pain disappeared but that pruritus was not modified by the operations. On the other hand, the results suggest that Lord'smethod produces flatus incontinence. The results of the statistical comparison between techniques showed that there is no signficant difference between the two methods in respect of prolapse, pain and pruritus. On the other hand, the results obtained for prolapse and incontinence with the Milligan and Morgan technique were significantly better than with Lord'smethod. Our results suggest that stretching of the anal sphincters does not have the physiopathological basis suggested by Lord. From a clinical point of view, the limited number of controlled patients in our series on 1-year follow-up only does not allow final conclusions to be drawn.
The bacterial flora of the biliary tract and liver in man
Authors: Dye M , Macdonald A , Smith G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A bacteriological study was made of 106 patients undergoing elective surgery for gallbladder disease and as a control group, of patients with a normal biliary tract but requiring laparotomy for gastrointestinal disease. The isolation rate of all species of bacteria from the gallbladder and common bile duct in those patients with calculi in the duct system and in those with nonfunctioning gallbladders was considerably higher than in patients with a normal biliary system. Surprisingly, the number of isolates from patients with a history of cholsecystitis or cholelithiasis was no greater than in the control group of patients.
Using modern techniques of anaerobic retrieval and culture, only a small number of anaerobes were isolated, and despite the prevalence of Bacteroides species as a normal gut inhabitant and as an opportunistic pathogen, this organism was not recovered from any of the sites investigated. Anaerobic species were Isolated from 8 out of the 106 liver biopsy specimens taken at a very early stage after laparotomy, but in such patients only non-specific liver changes were found by histological examinmation. In 8 patients from whom Escherichia colt or other aerobes were isolated from bile samples, at concentrates ranging from 105 to 107/cm3, the same species of organism were consistently isolated from T tube drainage samples for up to 8 or 9 days despite tetracycline therapy.
Causes of failure in the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: Lessons from 51 successful reoperations
Authors: Van Vroonhoven Theo J , Muller Herry 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review of 51 successful reoperations for persisting hypercalcaemia due to primary hypeparathyroidism shows that inadequate anatomicla knowledge, inadequate surgical technique and unusual localizations of the parathyroids are the most frequent causes of failure of the primary operation. The majority of these failures are therefore preventable. There is a frequent need for cervical thymectomy in parathyroid surgery. Stenotomy is only very rarely necessary.
Non-operative removal of retained stones in the common bile duct
Authors: Rees B I , Lawrie B W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method of removal of retained common bile duct stones under radiological control is described and its use in 16 patients reported. The case of the method, the minimal associated morbidibity and the inexpensiveness of the equipment suggest that this should be the primary method of removal of retained stones when a T tube has been placed into the common bile duct.
A method of treating post-irradiation rectovaginal fistulas
Authors: Parks A G , Allen C L O , Frank J D , McPartlin J F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A sphincter-saving operative method of treating post-irradiation rectovaginal fistulas is presented. The technique involves the peranal anastomosis of healthy colon to the mid-anal canal using a ‘sleeve’ anastomosis. Four patients have been treated with cure of the fistula and a return to normal bowel habit. A fifth, with an irradiation ulcer causing intractable pain, also obtained complete relief of symptoms.
Unusual small intestinal obstuction in adolescent girls: The abdominal cocoon
Authors: Foo K T , Ng K C , Rauff A , Foong W C , Sinniah R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ten cases of small intestinal obstruction seen over a period of 6 years (1971-6) in young girls within the narrow age range of 13-18 years are described. The patients were all within 2 years of menarche.
In all these cases the obstruction was due to a membrane encasing the small intestine in the manner of a cocoon. There was no previous history of abdominal operation, peritonitis or prolonged drug intake.
The clinical features, operative findings and management of the cases are presented. Possible causes of the condition are discussed. In view of the similar clinical presentation in all these patients, their conditions can be grouped as a clinical entity–‘the abdominal cocoon’.
Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and of the oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Webb J N , Busuttil A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe clinical and pathological features of 52 adenocarcinomas invading the oesophagus and the oesophagogastric junction are reviewed. The relationship of these tumours to the presence of a concomitant hiatal hernia and the histogenesis of primary oesophageal adenocarcinomas are discussed. Adenocarcinomas of the cardio-oesophageal junction appear to have distinctive prognostic and pathological features and there may be a case for their classification into a separate category of alimentary neoplasms.
Diminished cellular immunity due to impaired nutrition in oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: Haffejee A A , Angorn I B , Brain P P , Duursma J , Baker L W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The nutritional status of 15 Negro patients suffering from unresectable carcinoma of the midthoracic oesophagus was evaluated before and after palliative pulsion intubation. All were shown to be in negative nitrogen balance and to have a compromised nonspecific cellular immune response. Correction of protein-calorie malnutrition and the achievement of positive nitrogen balance were associated with an increase in absolute lymphocyte and T lymphocyte numbers and a significant increase in lymphocyte response to PHA. The improvement in immunological reactivity occurred without any attempt at therapeutic reduction in tumour bulk.
Thyroglossal cysts in children
Authors: Brereton R J , Symonds Elizabeth 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Of 69 cases of midline cervical swelling in children, the correct diagnosis was made in only 38 (55 per cent). Fifty cases of thyroglossal cyst or abscess were treated and 38 per cent suffered recurrence. Apart from failures in diagnosis, the main reasons for preventable recurrence were delay in surgery, failure to resect part of the body of the hyoid bone and a tendency to excise that portion of the duct above the level of the hyoid with insufficient surrounding muscle. In cases without florid abscess formation, the aim should be to perform a radical operation as soon as possible, then cure can be guaranteed at the first operation. Recurrence may occur many years after an apparent cure. Cysts in the submental region are not often recognized as being of thyroglossal duct origin.
Depot penicillin as prophylaxis in accidental wounds
Authors: Hutton P A N , Jones B M , Law D J W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 285 patients attending an accident and emergency department with wounds which required suturing was divided at random into two equal groups. The first group received a single dose of depot penicillin at the time of suture and the second group received no antibiotic cover. The incidence of subsequent wound infection was not significantly reduced in patients who received penicillin.
Use of the carbon dioxide laser in an abdominoperineal resection for epidermoid anal carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Shafir Raphael , Zweig Amiel , Slutzki Sam , Bornstein Leo A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An abdominoperineal excision of the rectum was performed on a 52-year-old male who had epidermoid anal carcinoma. A steel scalpel was utilized for the abdominal component, but the entire perineal resection was accomplished with a carbon dioxide laser beam. We believe this to be the first reported case of an abdominoperineal resection using this new modality, which may become a useful and modern adjunct in extirpative surgery. The haemostatic effects of the laser were well demonstrated in our patient.
The effect of reversed jejunal segments on the myoelectrical activity of the small bowel
Authors: Tanner W A , O'Leary J F , Byrne P J , Hennessy T P J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Short reversed jejunal segments increase intestinal transit time clinically. In view of the correlation between motility and myoelectrical activity, we have investigated the effect of jejunal reversal and transention on the latter in 10 mongrel dogs. There is a significant decrease in the basic electrical rate in and below both transected and reversed jejunal sergments. There is a 3 per cent incdence of retrograde electrical activity within a transected segment and a 24 per cent incidence in the intestine distal to it. In reversed segments the incidence of retrograde activity is 60 per cent within the reversed segment and 61 per cent in the jejunum distal to it.
Peritoneal dialysis in obstructive jaundice: An experimental study
Authors: Kaushik S P , Subrahmanyam M , Kumar M , Chakravarty R N 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRats were subjected to common bile duct ligation, after which intermittent peritoneal dialysis with a buffered solution containing rat plasma proteins was carried out in an attempt to reduce plasma bilirubin levels.Plasma bilirubin increased significantly (P &lt;0.01) on the seventh day and was still rising 12 days after ligation of the common bile duct. Dialysis was performed during the second postoperative week. Provided that rat plasma protein was present in the dialysing fluid, dialysis significantly reduced (P &lt;0.01) the levels of total plasma bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and serum GPT in the experimental animals.
Non-operative treatment of retained bile duct calculi in patients with an indwelling T tube
Authors: Christiansen L A , Nielsen O V , Efsen F , Hasner Eivin 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of combined instrumental and chemical treatment of retained bile duct calculi in 18 patients with an indwelling T tube are reported. The instrumental extraction of stones was carried out through the T tube channel using a modified Dormia apparatus. The chemical method involved continuous infusion through the T tube of heparin in saline alternating with sodium cholate. The treatment was successful in 16 of 18 patients with from 1 to 14 residual stones. The instrumental extraction of stones in recommended as the treatment of choice 5-6 weeks after choledochotomy in patients with residual stones and an indwelling T tube. Subsequent chemical treatment is recommended if remnants of stones are left in the bile duct after instrumental treatment.
Technical aspects of injection sclerotherapy of acute oesophageal variceal haemorrhage as seen by radiography
Authors: Barsoum Maged Sami , Khattar Nabil Youssef , Risk-Allah Mounir Azmy 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Certain aspects of the technique of injection sclerotherapy are illustrated in a series of 15 patients presenting with acute oesophageal variceal haemorrhage due to bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. The results of this form of treatment are fibrosis. The results of this form of treatment are shown. The actual process of variceal injection was done under visual fluoroscopic control, using a mixture of 76 per cent Urografin and 5 per cent ethanolamine oleate. The findings showed that: (a) the sclerosant did not reach the gastric varices which could be a possible source of re-bleeding; (b) intravariceally injected material rapidly escaped from the submucosal varices, where it should stay, to the peri-oesophageal veins; (c) selerosant remaining on the variceal walls was minimal by the time the Sengestaken tube was inflated.
Topical noxythiolin in colonic healing
Authors: Rosin R D , Exarchakos G , Gilmore O J A , Ellis H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Rats were subjected to division and anastomosis of the colon just proximal to the rectum to study the healing of colonic anastomoses. The effect of noxythiolin irrigation of the divided colon before and after anastomosis was investigated and compared with controls. Healing was assessed using five variables–macroscopic and microscopic inspection, bursting pressure and tensile strength estimations and angiography for new vessel formation. The study shows that noxythiolin irrigation of the colon in the rat significantly increases the chance of a sound anastomosis without interfering with healing. Furthermore, it inhibits the formation of adhesions.
The effect of elective surgery on 3-methylhistidine excretion
Authors: Gross E , Holbrook I B , Irving M H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Elective surgical operation in normally nourished patients is associated with an increase of up to 40 per cent in the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine during the first three postoperative days. This increase was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01) on the second and third postoperative days. This probably represents a minor degree of increased muscle proteolysis, principally due to the operative trauma. The possible effect of postoperative starvation requires further elucidation.
Intraoperative autotransfusion for elective aortic surgery
Authors: Greenhalgh R M , Kirk C J C , Bartoll A , Owen J , Mitchell T R , Gerken A , Master B , Gregory I C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Intraoperative autotransfusion using the Bentley ATS 100 was used in 23 patients requiring Dacron replacement of their abdominal aorta. An average of 2000 ml of blood was reinfused and a total heparinization dose was given. The mean haemoglobin fell 2·8 g/dl and on average 2 pints of banked blood were given in the post-operative period. Coagulation studies performed before and after surgery showed minimal alteration. We feel that further evaluation of this system is essential so that an alternative is established for when banked blood is not available. The system is particularly useful at the present time for such emergencies as a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm and severe trauma to the live.