bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially structured optical effects via composite vortex light in a dielectric medium
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Hussein Shaymaa Abed , Mahmud Sanaa Fathy , Ward Zahraa Hassan , Mohammed Bahira Abdulrazzaq , Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Hussain Sajjad , Alwaily Enas R , Al-Shaikhli Taha Raad , Abbas Hussein Abdullah , Alawadi Ahmed , Ihsan Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this letter, we have proposed a model for spatially structured transmitted and reflected lights from dielectric medium consists of four-level coherent system. An elliptically polarized probe field and a composite vortex light in the presence of external magnetic field are interacted by this medium. We have shown that by controlling the external magnetic field, ellipticity of the probe light and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the composite vortex light, the transmitted and reflected lights can be controlled. We have also found that due to the spatial pattern of the composite vortex light, the spatially pattern light amplification can be obtained by adjusting the spatial control of the transmitted and reflected lights. In other word, by tuning the OAM number of the composite vortex light and external magnetic field, the spatial controlling of the transmitted and reflected lights are possible and this leads to controlling the high-gain spatially pattern regions.
Multiwavelength Observations of the Infrared Dust Bubble N75 and its Surroundings
Authors: Cui Quan-Ling , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Wang Jun-Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Infrared dust bubbles play an important role in the study of star formation and the evolution of the interstellar medium. In this work, we study the infrared dust bubble N75 and the infrared dark cloud G38.93 mainly using the tracers C18O, HCO+, HNC and N2H+ observed by the 30 m IRAM telescope. We also study the targets using data from large-scale surveys: GLIMPSE, MIPSGAL, GRS, NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. We found that the C18O emission is morphologically similar to the Spitzer IRAC 8.0 μm emission. The 1.1 mm cold dust emission of G38.93 shows an elongated structure from southwest to northeast. The ionized gas from G38.93 is surrounded by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, which may be excited by radiation from G38.93. We found that the identified young stellar objects tend to cluster around G38.93 and are mostly in class II, with several class I cases distributed around N75, but no class II examples. We also found evidence of expanding feedback, which could have triggered star formation.
Financial incentive programs and farm diversification with cover crops: assessing opportunities and challenges
Authors: Surdoval Alison , Jain Meha , Blair Erica , Wang Haoyu , Blesh Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Farmers in the Great Lakes region of the U.S. face tremendous pressure to reduce nutrient losses from agriculture. Increasing crop rotation diversity with overwintering cover crops can support ecological processes that maintain productivity while improving multiple ecosystem functions, including nutrient retention. We conducted a mixed-methods study to understand how financial incentive programs impact transitions to cover cropping in Michigan. Michigan farms span a wide range of soil types, climate conditions, and cropping systems that create opportunities for cover crop adoption in the state. We tested the relationship between Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) payments for cover crops and cover crop adoption between 2008–2019, as measured by remote sensing. We coupled this quantitative analysis with interviews with 21 farmers in the Lake Erie watershed to understand farmers’ perspectives on how incentive programs could support greater cover crop adoption. Panel fixed effects regressions showed that EQIP increased winter cover crop presence. Every EQIP dollar for cover crops was associated with a 0.01 hectare increase in winter cover, while each hectare enrolled in an EQIP contract for cover crops was associated with a 0.86–0.93 hectare increase in winter cover. In semi-structured interviews, farmers reported that financial incentives were instrumental to cover crop adoption, but that program outcomes fall short of intended goals due to policy design problems that may limit widespread participation and effectiveness. Thus, strengthening EQIP and related conservation programs could support broader transitions to diversified farming systems that are more sustainable and resilient.
Assessing the probability of extremely low wind energy production in Europe at sub-seasonal to seasonal time scales
Authors: Cozian Bastien , Herbert Corentin , Bouchet Freddy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The European energy system will undergo major transformations in the coming decades to implement mitigation measures and comply with the Paris Agreement. In particular, the share of weather-dependent wind generation will increase significantly in the European energy mix. The most extreme fluctuations of the production at all time scales need to be taken into account in the design of the power system. In particular, extreme long-lasting low wind energy production events constitute a specific challenge, as most flexibility solutions do not apply at time scales beyond a few days. However, the probability and amplitude of such events has to a large extent eluded quantitative study so far due to lack of sufficiently long data. In this letter, using a 1000-year climate simulation, we study rare events of wind energy production that last from a few weeks to a few months over the January–February period, at the scale of a continent (Europe) and a country (France). The results show that the fluctuations of the capacity factor over Europe exhibit nearly Gaussian statistics at all time scales. A similar result holds over France for events longer than about two weeks and return times up to a few decades. In that case, the return time curves follow a universal curve. Furthermore, a simple Gaussian process with the same covariance structure as the data gives good estimates of the amplitude of the most extreme events. This method allows to estimate return times for rare events from shorter but more accurate data sources. We demonstrate this possibility with reanalysis data.
Fabrication of a tailor-made conductive polyaniline/ascorbic acid-coated nanofibrous mat as a conductive and antioxidant cell-free cardiac patch
Authors: Moradikhah Farzad , Shabani Iman , Tafazzoli Shadpour Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) was in-situ polymerized on nanofibrous polycaprolactone mats as cell-free antioxidant cardiac patches (CPs), providing electrical conductivity and antioxidant properties. The fabricated CPs took advantage of intrinsic and additive antioxidant properties in the presence of PANI backbone and ascorbic acid as a biocompatible dopant of PANI. The antioxidant nature of CPs may reduce the serious repercussions of oxidative stress, produced during the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) process following myocardial infarction. The polymerization parameters were considered as aniline (60 mM, 90 mM, and 120 mM), ascorbic acid concentrations ([aniline]:[ascorbic acid] = 3:0, 3:0.5, 3:1, 3:3), and polymerization time (1 h and 3 h). Mainly, the more aniline concentrations and polymerization time, the less sheet resistance was obtained. 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay confirmed the dual antioxidant properties of prepared samples. The advantage of the employed in-situ polymerization was confirmed by the de-doping/re-doping process. Non-desirable groups were excluded based on their electrical conductivity, antioxidant properties, and biocompatibility. The remained groups protected H9c2 cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia conditions. Selected CPs reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species content and mRNA level of caspase-3 while the Bcl-2 mRNA level was improved. Also, the selected cardiac patch could attenuate the hypertrophic impact of hydrogen peroxide on H9c2 cells. The in vivo results of the skin flap model confirmed the CP potency to attenuate the harmful impact of I/R.
Unbalanced penalization: a new approach to encode inequality constraints of combinatorial problems for quantum optimization algorithms
Authors: Montañez-Barrera J A , Willsch Dennis , Maldonado-Romo A , Michielsen Kristel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Solving combinatorial optimization problems of the kind that can be codified by quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is a promising application of quantum computation. Some problems of this class suitable for practical applications such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP), the bin packing problem (BPP), or the knapsack problem (KP) have inequality constraints that require a particular cost function encoding. The common approach is the use of slack variables to represent the inequality constraints in the cost function. However, the use of slack variables considerably increases the number of qubits and operations required to solve these problems using quantum devices. In this work, we present an alternative method that does not require extra slack variables and consists of using an unbalanced penalization function to represent the inequality constraints in the QUBO. This function is characterized by larger penalization when the inequality constraint is not achieved than when it is. We evaluate our approach on the TSP, BPP, and KP, successfully encoding the optimal solution of the original optimization problem near the ground state cost Hamiltonian. Additionally, we employ D-Wave Advantage and D-Wave hybrid solvers to solve the BPP, surpassing the performance of the slack variables approach by achieving solutions for up to 29 items, whereas the slack variables approach only handles up to 11 items. This new approach can be used to solve combinatorial problems with inequality constraints with a reduced number of resources compared to the slack variables approach using quantum annealing or variational quantum algorithms.
Qudit machine learning
Authors: Roca-Jerat Sebastián , Román-Roche Juan , Zueco David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive investigation into the learning capabilities of a simple d-level system (qudit). Our study is specialized for classification tasks using real-world databases, specifically the Iris, breast cancer, and MNIST datasets. We explore various learning models in the metric learning framework, along with different encoding strategies. In particular, we employ data re-uploading techniques and maximally orthogonal states to accommodate input data within low-dimensional systems. Our findings reveal optimal strategies, indicating that when the dimension of input feature data and the number of classes are not significantly larger than the qudit’s dimension, our results show favorable comparisons against the best classical models. This trend holds true even for small quantum systems, with dimensions d < 5 and utilizing algorithms with a few layers (

L
=
1
,
2

). However, for high-dimensional data such as MNIST, we adopt a hybrid approach involving dimensional reduction through a convolutional neural network. In this context, we observe that small quantum systems often act as bottlenecks, resulting in lower accuracy compared to their classical counterparts.
Efficient interpolation of molecular properties across chemical compound space with low-dimensional descriptors
Authors: Mao Yun-Wen , Krems Roman V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate accurate data-starved models of molecular properties for interpolation in chemical compound spaces with low-dimensional descriptors. Our starting point is based on three-dimensional, universal, physical descriptors derived from the properties of the distributions of the eigenvalues of Coulomb matrices. To account for the shape and composition of molecules, we combine these descriptors with six-dimensional features informed by the Gershgorin circle theorem. We use the nine-dimensional descriptors thus obtained for Gaussian process regression based on kernels with variable functional form, leading to extremely efficient, low-dimensional interpolation models. The resulting models trained with 100 molecules are able to predict the product of entropy and temperature (S × T) and zero point vibrational energy (ZPVE) with the absolute error under 1 kcal mol−1 for

>

78

% and under 1.3 kcal mol−1 for

>

92

% of molecules in the test data. The test data comprises 20 000 molecules with complexity varying from three atoms to 29 atoms and the ranges of S × T and ZPVE covering 36 kcal mol−1 and 161 kcal mol−1, respectively. We also illustrate that the descriptors based on the Gershgorin circle theorem yield more accurate models of molecular entropy than those based on graph neural networks that explicitly account for the atomic connectivity of molecules.
A case report of recurrent primary posterior mediastinal perivascular epithelioid cell tumour compressing the right inferior pulmonary vein, atria, and inferior vena cava
Authors: Kumar Preetham , Maloney Nolan S , Razzouk Anees , Pai Ramdas G , Varadarajan Padmini 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) are rare soft tissue neoplasms that commonly occur in the uterus, skin, and liver and less commonly in the retroperitoneum, colon, and mediastinum.

Case summary
A 36-year-old male patient with a history of mediastinal PEComa status post resection, essential hypertension, and atrial fibrillation status post appendage ligation currently not on anticoagulation presented with a 1-week history of fevers, chills, productive cough, chest pain, dyspnoea on exertion, loss of appetite, and general weakness. Vital signs, physical exam, laboratory data, electrocardiogram, and chest radiograph were grossly unremarkable. A multimodality imaging approach utilizing transthoracic echocardiogram, transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), and computed tomography angiography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed a local 40 mm × 53 mm globular bilobed vascularized scar-free posterior mediastinal mass arising from the roof of the left and right atria and extending superiorly to the main pulmonary artery and inferiorly to the inferior vena cava. Based on the mass’ size and proximity to vital structures and tumour recurrence, the case was presented during tumour board rounds, and the outcome was to surgically resect the mass and then have the patient follow up with medical oncology and radiation oncology for possible chemotherapy and radiation, respectively.

Discussion
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours are rare, and mediastinal PEComas are even rarer, warranting a multimodality imaging approach involving TEE and cMRI and a multidisciplinary approach involving anaesthesiologists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, medical oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and radiation oncologists.
Is Imitation Really Flattery? The UK’s Trade Continuity Agreements: A Reply to Joris Larik
Authors: Castellarin Emanuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The assessment of the United Kingdom’s (UK) trade continuity programme is open to debate. Joris Larik argues that this programme should be seen as a success both for the UK (although a ‘modest’ one) and for the European Union (EU). However, the significance of the UK’s trade continuity agreements should not be overstated, as the replication of the EU’s trade agreements seems to result above all from pragmatic considerations. It is submitted that this programme cannot be described as a success for the UK and only allows limited conclusions to be drawn about the external influence of the EU’s trade policy.
Strain-specific evolution and host-specific regulation of transposable elements in the model plant symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Oliveira Jordana Inácio Nascimento , Corradi Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA that can create genome structure and regulation variability. The genome of Rhizophagus irregularis, a widely studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), comprises ∼50% repetitive sequences that include TEs. Despite their abundance, two-thirds of TEs remain unclassified, and their regulation among AMF life stages remains unknown. Here, we aimed to improve our understanding of TE diversity and regulation in this model species by curating repeat datasets obtained from chromosome-level assemblies and by investigating their expression across multiple conditions. Our analyses uncovered new TE superfamilies and families in this model symbiont and revealed significant differences in how these sequences evolve both within and between R. irregularis strains. With this curated TE annotation, we also found that the number of upregulated TE families in colonized roots is 4 times higher than in the extraradical mycelium, and their overall expression differs depending on the plant host. This work provides a fine-scale view of TE diversity and evolution in model plant symbionts and highlights their transcriptional dynamism and specificity during host–microbe interactions. We also provide Hidden Markov Model profiles of TE domains for future manual curation of uncharacterized sequences (https://github.com/jordana-olive/TE-manual-curation/tree/main).
Fibrosis signature of anastomotic margins for predicting anastomotic stenosis in rectal cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and sphincter-preserving surgery
Authors: Liu Zhun , Xu Meifang , Yu Qian , Song Jianyuan , Lin Qili , Huang Shenghui , Chen Zhifen , Huang Ying , Chi Pan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis (RICF) is a common pathological alteration among patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Anastomotic stenosis (AS) causes symptoms and negatively impacts patients’ quality of life and long-term survival. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the fibrosis signature of RICF and develop a nomogram to predict the risk of AS in patients with rectal cancer undergoing nCRT.

Methods
Overall, 335 pairs of proximal and distal margins were collected and randomly assigned at a 7:3 ratio to the training and testing cohorts. The RICF score was established to evaluate the fibrosis signature in the anastomotic margins. A nomogram based on the RICF score for AS was developed and evaluated by using the area under the curve, decision curve analysis, and the DeLong test.

Results
The training cohort included 235 patients (161 males [68.51%]; mean age, 59.61 years) with an occurrence rate of AS of 17.4%, whereas the testing cohort included 100 patients (72 males [72.00%]; mean age, 57.17 years) with an occurrence rate of AS of 11%. The RICF total score of proximal and distal margins was significantly associated with AS (odds ratio, 3.064; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.200–4.268; P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that the RICF total score, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and surgical approach were independent predictors for AS. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination in the training cohort (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.876; 95% CI, 0.816–0.937), with a sensitivity of 68.3% (95% CI, 51.9%–81.9%) and a specificity of 85.5% (95% CI, 78.7%–89.3%). Similar results were observed in the testing cohort.

Conclusions
This study results suggest that the RICF total score of anastomotic margins is an independent predictor for AS. The prediction model developed based on the RICF total score may be useful for individualized AS risk prediction in patients with rectal cancer undergoing nCRT and sphincter-preserving surgery.
Commodified State Feminism: The Entanglements of Feminist Commodity Activism and Feminist Politics in a Nordic Welfare State
Authors: Ylöstalo Hanna , Lamberg Emma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the entanglements of feminist commodity activism and state feminism. Feminist commodity activism refers to consumption and commodified communication as modes of feminist political participation. Earlier research on these topics has focused on the business sector and on media and popular culture, largely sidelining the state as a site of feminism. This article addresses the increasingly close relations between consumerism and state politics and asks how feminist commodity activism interacts with state feminism. It draws on two empirical cases in the Nordic welfare state of Finland. The first is Uhana Design, a small-scale fashion business, and its Girl Gang campaign that leans on state feminism. The second is Finland's former leading female politicians’ engagements with feminist fashion. By analyzing these cases via three theoretical lenses, business, popular, and state feminism, this article develops the notion of commodified state feminism, paying attention to economic, cultural, and political dimensions of feminist commodity activism and state feminism. It also argues that commodified state feminism is emblematic of the current political context, in which the boundaries between market and politics have become blurred.
Newborn Screening: Current Practice and Our Journey over the Last 60 Years
Authors: Cao Jing , Pasquali Marzia , Jones Patricia M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Inborn errors of metabolism comprise a set of more than 2000 known disorders which can result in significant morbidity and may be rapidly fatal. Diagnosing these disorders at birth and treating immediately, however, may often result in a normal to near-normal life for the affected infant. Thus, newborn screening (NBS) has saved or improved the lives of countless individuals since its inception in the 1960s.

Content
This review covers NBS, from its early beginnings up to the current day practice. We follow the evolution of NBS, as well as describe the need and how disorders are added to NBS programs, the testing and how its performance is monitored, and the follow-up to the testing. We also briefly touch on NBS outside the United States.

Summary
Newborn screening in the United States is a major public health success story and it continues to grow and evolve to cover more disorders and utilize new technological advances.
Beta-Hebbian Learning to enhance unsupervised exploratory visualizations of Android malware families
Authors: Basurto Nuño , García-Prieto Diego , Quintián Héctor , Urda Daniel , Calvo-Rolle José Luis , Corchado Emilio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As it is well known, mobile phones have become a basic gadget for any individual that usually stores sensitive information. This mainly motivates the increase in the number of attacks aimed at jeopardizing smartphones, being an extreme concern above all on Android OS, which is the most popular platform in the market. Consequently, a strong effort has been devoted for mitigating mentioned incidents in recent years, even though few researchers have addressed the application of visualization techniques for the analysis of malware. Within this field, the present work proposes the extension of a new technique called Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots to visualize Android malware datasets. More precisely, the novel Beta-Hebbian Learning (BHL) method is applied for the first time and validated under the frame of Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots, in conjunction with clustering methods. The informative visualization achieved provides a picture of the structure of the malware families, allowing subsequent analysis of their organization. To validate the Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plot extension and its tuning, the popular Android Malware Genome dataset has been used in the experimental setting. Promising results have been obtained, suggesting that BHL applied in combination with clustering techniques in Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots are a viable resource for the visualization of malware families.