bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food and water access predictors of food security among rural households in Langai district, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Philip Adewale , Afolaranmi Tolulope Olumide , Banwat Mathilda Edmond , Adeleke Esther Oluwapelumi , Oladejo Afolabi , Ogundijo Daniel A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Research has shown that food insecurity in households and communities is increasing globally. More people are reported to now having difficulty accessing safe and quality foods.
Objective
This study assessed household food and water access as predictors of food security among rural households.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional community survey which used validated tools to collect data among 201 households representing a total population of 1,284 in Langai district. Levels of household food and water access were determined, and factors associated with food security were assessed using chi-square. Predictors of food security were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. P < 0.05 was adjudged significant.
Results
About 90% of households own a farm; with almost two-thirds (62.2%) of households acquiring their food from both self-production and market; and 73.6% engaging in household agriculture. The majority (82.1%) of the households sourced their water from boreholes and pipe-borne sources. Significant predictors of food security were lower expenditure on food (AOR: 2.19[95%CI: 1.05,4.61]; P = 0.038); not engaged in household agriculture (AOR: 2.88[95%CI: 1.09,7.59]; P = 0.032); had access to pipe-borne/borehole water (AOR: 2.76[95%CI: 1.15,6.44]; P = 0.023) and experienced little or no adverse coping behaviour (AOR: 6.07[95%CI: 1.74,21.23]; P = 0.005). Time did not influence food acquisition in the majority of households.
Conclusions
As reported and showcased in this study, the relationship between food security and rural household development is directly proportional in many local communities of a developing country. Efforts should be garnered towards rural household empowerment through improvement in livelihood and security to have sustainable foods and water.
Impact of Gold-Standard Label Errors on Evaluating Performance of Deep Learning Models in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Nationwide Real-World Validation Study
Authors: Wang Yueye , Han Xiaotong , Li Cong , Luo Lixia , Yin Qiuxia , Zhang Jian , Peng Guankai , Shi Danli , He Mingguang 
Published: March 2024

Background
For medical artificial intelligence (AI) training and validation, human expert labels are considered the gold standard that represents the correct answers or desired outputs for a given data set. These labels serve as a reference or benchmark against which the model’s predictions are compared.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the accuracy of a custom deep learning (DL) algorithm on classifying diabetic retinopathy (DR) and further demonstrate how label errors may contribute to this assessment in a nationwide DR-screening program.

Methods
Fundus photographs from the Lifeline Express, a nationwide DR-screening program, were analyzed to identify the presence of referable DR using both (1) manual grading by National Health Service England–certificated graders and (2) a DL-based DR-screening algorithm with validated good lab performance. To assess the accuracy of labels, a random sample of images with disagreement between the DL algorithm and the labels was adjudicated by ophthalmologists who were masked to the previous grading results. The error rates of labels in this sample were then used to correct the number of negative and positive cases in the entire data set, serving as postcorrection labels. The DL algorithm’s performance was evaluated against both pre- and postcorrection labels.

Results
The analysis included 736,083 images from 237,824 participants. The DL algorithm exhibited a gap between the real-world performance and the lab-reported performance in this nationwide data set, with a sensitivity increase of 12.5% (from 79.6% to 92.5%, P<.001) and a specificity increase of 6.9% (from 91.6% to 98.5%, P<.001). In the random sample, 63.6% (560/880) of negative images and 5.2% (140/2710) of positive images were misclassified in the precorrection human labels. High myopia was the primary reason for misclassifying non-DR images as referable DR images, while laser spots were predominantly responsible for misclassified referable cases. The estimated label error rate for the entire data set was 1.2%. The label correction was estimated to bring about a 12.5% enhancement in the estimated sensitivity of the DL algorithm (P<.001).

Conclusions
Label errors based on human image grading, although in a small percentage, can significantly affect the performance evaluation of DL algorithms in real-world DR screening.
Exploring the Performance of ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination: Preliminary Observational Study Highlighting the Potential of AI Chatbots in Hearing Care
Authors: Wang Shangqiguo , Mo Changgeng , Chen Yuan , Dai Xiaolu , Wang Huiyi , Shen Xiaoli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT-4, have shown immense potential for application across various aspects of medicine, including medical education, clinical practice, and research.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4 in the 2023 Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination, thereby preliminarily exploring the potential utility of AI chatbots in the fields of audiology and hearing care services.

Methods
ChatGPT-4 was tasked to provide answers and reasoning for the 2023 Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination. The examination encompassed six subjects: (1) basic auditory science, (2) behavioral audiology, (3) electrophysiological audiology, (4) principles and practice of hearing devices, (5) health and rehabilitation of the auditory and balance systems, and (6) auditory and speech communication disorders (including professional ethics). Each subject included 50 multiple-choice questions, with the exception of behavioral audiology, which had 49 questions, amounting to a total of 299 questions.

Results
The correct answer rates across the 6 subjects were as follows: 88% for basic auditory science, 63% for behavioral audiology, 58% for electrophysiological audiology, 72% for principles and practice of hearing devices, 80% for health and rehabilitation of the auditory and balance systems, and 86% for auditory and speech communication disorders (including professional ethics). The overall accuracy rate for the 299 questions was 75%, which surpasses the examination’s passing criteria of an average 60% accuracy rate across all subjects. A comprehensive review of ChatGPT-4’s responses indicated that incorrect answers were predominantly due to information errors.

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4 demonstrated a robust performance in the Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination, showcasing effective logical reasoning skills. Our results suggest that with enhanced information accuracy, ChatGPT-4’s performance could be further improved. This study indicates significant potential for the application of AI chatbots in audiology and hearing care services.
Development of a Stress Sensor for Solids
Authors: Trekin N. N. , Kodysh E. N. , Shmakov S. D. , Chaganov A. B. , Cherepanov A. V. 
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental design of a cortex of the embedded stress sensor, which allows to determine stresses in the cross-section of large-scale laboratory monolithic structures made on the basis of mineral and polymer binders (concrete, gypsum, etc.). The objectives of the design were to develop a constructive solution of the stress sensor housing based on strain gauges, which has small dimensions, low manufacturing cost, as well as high resolution and stability of readings over the entire sensitivity area (stress up to 400 kgf/cm2).The stress sensor allows to determine the stress in laboratory structures with high accuracy, without significantly affecting the stress-strain state of the section at different stages of operation of the structural element.
Tindak Tutur Direktif pada Caption Instagram Nadiem Makarim dalam Menumbuhkan Sikap Spiritual Pembaca
Authors: Hikmat Ade , Solihati Nani , Tarmini Wini , Nurhikmah Tati , Abimubarok Achmad 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Tindak Tutur Direktif Pada Caption Instagram Nadiem Makarim Dalam Menumbuhkan Sikap Spiritual Pembaca. Nadiem Makarim, Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi RI menggunakan Instagram secara aktif sehingga menjadi kesempatan baik untuk menyampaikan tujuannya kepada masyarakat melalui caption di Instagram. Dalam ilmu kebahasaan, penyampaian komunikasi secara tertulis di caption Instagram ini tergolong ke dalam tindak tutur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa Tindak tutur direktif mengajak merupakan tindak tutur yang paling mendominasi, lalu disusul oleh tindak tutur direktif menasihati dan mengharap yang memiliki jumlah sama, kemudian tindak tutur direktif mengingatkan, dan terakhir tindak tutur direktif mengharap. Tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan oleh Nadiem Makarim dalam caption instagramnya membuat pengaruh terhadap pembaca dan para pengikutnya untuk melakukan apa yang diharapkan oleh Nadiem Makarim. Pengaruh tersebut berbentuk pengaruh sikap sosial dan spiritual yang tercermin pada komentar para pembaca dan pengikutnya.
Assessing Genetic Variability in Taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.) Germplasm for Enhanced Breeding Strategies
Authors: Singh Sukhjot , Ram Manohar , Gupta Deepak , Meena Manoj Kumar , Nayak Pravat Kumar , Choudhary Komal , Rahul  , Kumar Rajneesh , Chouhan Shambhu 
Published: March 2024

The present research was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for 13 characters among 30 different germplasm of Taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.) in a randomized block design with three replications over four artificially created environments through different dates of sowing (timely sown 17 Oct. and late sown 5 Nov.) with (Orobanche free and Orobanche infested field) i.e. timely sown, Orobanche free (E1 ), timely sown, Orobanche infested (E2 ), late sown, Orobanche free (E3 ), late sown, Orobanche infested (E4 ) at Research farm of SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner (SKNAU, Jobner) during the rabi 2022–23. Pooled Anova revealed significant differences among germplasm, environments and G×E interaction significant for all the traits except days to maturity, primary branches per plant, siliqua length (cm). Therefore, analysis of variance is carried out separately for each environment, indicated significant differences among all traits. In all four environments, the PCV>GCV value for all characters. After comparing the mean and range for yield and different yield attributing traits in all four environments, it was found that both were highest in E1 for most of the traits. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean for all four environments revealed that characteristics such as height of first branch emergence (cm), seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g) had high value. As a result, they might be under the control of additive gene action. Therefore, selection for these characters will be highly responsive.
APAKAH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN MEMPENGARUHI PENGHINDARAN PAJAK? BUKTI EMPIRIS DARI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA
Authors: Fuadi Fauzan , Sawirti Riska Agi , Agustina Fitria Fertha , Mulyono Andi , Pratiwi Ratih Tiyas 
Published: March 2024

Tax avoidance is an effort by company management to reduce tax payments. This study aims to examine the relationship between ownership structure and tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this research divides ownership structure into five variables, namely managerial ownership, institutional ownership, family ownership, government ownership, and foreign ownership. The study utilizes secondary data with a purposive sampling approach and selects a total of 300 firm-year observations. Regression analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that managerial, foreign, and family ownership structures have an impact on tax avoidance
Keywords: Tax Avoidance, Ownership Structure, Family Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Foreign Ownership
Identification of an Individual's Iris Using Euclidean and Mahalanobis Diagrams
Authors: Wijaya Novan 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to compare Euclidean and Mahalanobis geometry as a means of identifying a person using their iris. Iris is the only biometric that is truly unique and is extremely difficult to perform, making it the single most important consideration in the improvement of system security. To obtain the desired results, namely preprocessing and feature extraction, various methods will be used in image processing. Methods like the Gaussian filter, the operator sobel, and thresholding will be used in the pengolahan. Utilize the United Moment Invariant method to extend the circle (UMI). For projects that use the method of comparing the strengths of FAR and GAR, a smaller FAR was obtained for the eulidean to mahalanobis ratio. Additionally, value distance mahalanobis is smaller compared to FAR for GAR penetration. Keywords: Gaussian Filter, Iris, Sobel Operator, United Moment Invariat
Feature Selection using Information Gain on the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN) Methods for Chronic Kidney Disease Classification
Authors: Ramadhan Aweldri , Budianita Elvia , Syafria Fadhilah , Ramadhani Siti 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Kidneys has an important role in the human excretory system. Unhealthy kidneys can affect kidney function. It is important to know the symptoms of chronic kidney disease. One data mining technique that can be applied is the classification technique to determine whether a person has chronic kidney disease or not based on the symptoms (attributes) obtained from medical records. The symptoms of chronic kidney disease obtained amount to 24 symptoms or attributes,Methods/Study design/approach: In this research, the classification of chronic kidney disease is performed using the information gain feature selection method and the KNN and MKNN classification methods. The number of data used is 400 data with 2 classes, namely chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-chronic kidney disease (non-CKD).Result/Findings: Based on the test results, it was found that the hemo (Hemoglobin) attribute has the highest information gain value, which is 0.6255. The best accuracy for the KNN classification method is 96.61%, and for the MKNN method, it is 98%. Novelty/Originality/Value: The purpose of information gain feature selection is to choose features or attributes that significantly influence chronic kidney disease. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Information Gain, KNN, MKNN
Students’ Visualization Skills in Chemical Bonding through Three Dimension: A Study on Secondary School Chemistry Students
Authors: Aliyu Faruku , Garba Aliyu , Faruk Ramatu Umar 
Published: March 2024

Visual cognitive representation of chemical structures and composition is achieved when proper visualization is made by chemistry students. It is in respect this that, this study measured the students’ visualization skills in chemical bonding through three dimension: a study on secondary school chemistry students. The study adopted quasi-experimental group design where both experimental (students taught using 3D visualization) and control (students taught using 2D visualization) groups participated in pre-test and post-test but only the experimental group received the intervention as 3D visualization. The population for this research comprises all science senior secondary school one (SSS1) students under Sokoto State Ministry of Science and Technology, Sokoto State, Nigeria. A sample of 118 students purposively selected were used. The instrument used for this research was Students’ Visualization Test in Chemical Bonding (SVTCB). The measured reliability of the instruments was 0.72. Independent sample t-test was used to analyse data collected. The findings implies that, 3D visualization enhances students’ visualization skills in the learning of chemistry abstract concept irrespective of gender. Keywords: Visual, Cognitive, Skills, Chemical Bonding, 3D
Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan di Kelurahan Sawah Baru Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Firmansyah Dinata 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Kelurahan Sawah Baru, Kota Tangerang Selatan. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh dari enam Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) PKH yang terdiri dari informan yang sudah graduasi dan yang masih aktif sebagai peserta PKH. Penelitian ini menyoroti dua aspek utama, yaitu pelaksanaan PKH di tingkat lokal dan faktor-faktor yang mendukung serta menghambat proses graduasi KPM PKH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PKH di Kelurahan Sawah Baru telah mengikuti alur pedoman yang telah ditetapkan, namun masih terdapat kendala terkait keterlibatan pemerintah daerah dan sektor swasta dalam upaya pemberdayaan KPM PKH. Selain itu, faktor pendukung seperti peran pendamping sosial, motivasi personal, dan faktor sosial-budaya turut memengaruhi proses graduasi, sementara kurangnya kesadaran diri dan teknik graduasi yang belum optimal menjadi faktor penghambat. Saran yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini mencakup peran penting masyarakat lokal dalam meningkatkan motivasi mandiri KPM PKH, perluasan peran pendamping sosial, serta kebutuhan akan kajian lebih dalam terkait proses graduasi dalam mencapai tujuan kesejahteraan sosial-ekonomi KPM PKH.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa
Authors: Saqilah Eldina , Kurniati Annisah , Rahmi Depriwana 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) memenuhi kriteria valid dan praktis. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 13 Dumai tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan uji validitas, LKS berbasis PBL dinyatakan kategori sangat. Berdasarkan uji praktikalitas, LKS berbasis PBL dinyatakan kategori sangat praktis. LKS berbasis PBL ini layak dan mudah digunakan untuk materi SPLDV, namun efektivitasnya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa masih perlu diuji.
Fundamental principles of Roman law and their relation to legal argumentation
Authors: Orel V. 
Published: March 2024

Modern philosophy of law defines the principles (foundations) of law as the initial conditions of law, the determinants of its content, on which law relies and which constitute its foundation. At the same time, most European countries use ancient Roman legal formulas in their modern legal systems, which evolved into maxims and became the basis of modern positive law in the form of principles. The establishment of general legal principles, concepts/ constructions is reflected in the legislation, doctrines and case law of most countries. In this article, we focused on the values and concepts formulated in the 1930s by the novelist and legal historian F. Schultz, including the principle of isolation/abstraction, the principle of simplicity and tradition, the principles of freedom and authority, the principle of humanity, the principle of loyalty/ good faith, the principle of security, and some others. These principles continue to be researched by Ukrainian and foreign scholars who supplement this list and study their impact on the legal systems of Ukraine and other countries.
We emphasize that the principles were not formulated by Roman lawyers, for example, in the preamble to their own works or in a separate law or legal document. Roman law was casuistic, it mainly consisted of decisions made in individual cases. This is related to the peculiarities of legal argumentation in ancient Rome, which had a dual nature. On the one hand, they were determined by the rules of law, and on the other hand, they reflected a system of filling gaps in legal relations by applying the principles of law and the oratory techniques of lawyers of that time.
Modern legal scholarship has tried to find and argue for the existence of general principles of Roman law development as a basis for making specific decisions, or because Roman lawyers sometimes used certain terms and concepts on which their decisions were based.
The use of evidence in criminal proceedings as a component of the evidetiary process
Authors: Kovalenko A. 
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to elucidating the essence and content of the use of evidence, as well as to justifying the identification of such a category as a separate component of evidentiary process in criminal proceedings. It was found that despite the absence of the category "use of evidence” among the provisions of Part 2 of Art. 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the term is used by the legislator in a number of articles of the current CPC of Ukraine. The positions of domestic scientists regarding the essence of the use of evidence were analyzed. It was found that the majority of doctrinal definitions of this term boil down to the understanding of the use of evidence as the manipulation of it (evidence, their procedural sources, evidentiary information) for the performance of intermediate and final tasks (that is, the achievement of certain positive results) in criminal proceedings.
Based on the study of the provisions of the current legislation and doctrinal sources, it was established that evidence is used by justifying, making, and implementing decisions in criminal proceedings. The following forms of evidence use are singled out: procedural decisions, decisions on submitting evidence to the court and substantiating legal positions with them, on submitting motions and complaints during the pre-trial investigation, tactical decisions of the prosecution and other subjects of evidence. The general mechanism of making the listed decisions and the place of use of evidence in the system of components of evidentiary activity are considered.
The use of evidence is defined as a component of the evidentiary process, a set of logical and instrumental operations consisting in justifying with evidence (evidential information), making and implementing decisions by the subject of proof in order to fulfill their own tasks in criminal proceedings.
Further research prospects in the analyzed field are related to the scientific and theoretical study of the essence, types and mechanism of decision­making in criminal proceedings as a form of evidence use.