bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REMOVAL OF THE SCAPULA FOR SARCOMA, WITH RETENTION OF THE ARM
Authors: Burnell G. H. , Mayo John 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of polymorphous cell sarcoma of the scapula is recorded. It was treated in the first instance by intensive deep X‐ray therapy. Subsequent examination showed, apparently, complete destruction of the tumour cells.Following irradiation, the scapula was removed; a fascia1 sling from the second rib to the small remaining portion of the cap sule of the shoulder joint on the inner side of the humerus was employed to hold the arm in position.
CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY IN NEUROSURGERY.: Part I. THE ANGIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCES IN CEREBRAL TUMOURS
Authors: Dowling J. L. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A short history of the development of cerebral angiography and a resume of its uses is given.
Angiographic technique is described in general terms, together with pre‐injection precautions and the possible complications which can follow injection.
Normal arteriograms and phlebograms are illustrated and described.
The method of interpretation of angiograms by vessel shift, alteration in vascular pattern and obliteration of arteries is explained.
A series of angiographic appearances in the commoner types of cerebral tumour is reproduced with descriptive paragraphs on each. These include meningiomata, gliomata, haemangiomata and the metastatic tumours.
GAS CYSTS OF THE INTESTINE
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Gas cysts of the intestine are uncommon in human beings but are observed occasionally, most often as an incidental observation at operation for other condition (frequently peptic ulcer).
The condition is common in pigs and may be produced experimentally.
It is self‐limited; recovery occurs without interference.
A short review of the history of the condition and the main pathological features is given.
THE TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC ULNAR NEURITIS: MOBILIZATION OF THE ULNAR NERVE AT THE ELBOW BY REMOVAL OF THE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE AND ADJACENT BONE
Authors: King Thomas 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The medial epicondyle and adjacent bone (diaphysis) were deliberately excised in 16 patients with ulnar neuritis and for other causes including irritation in the groove, cubitus valgus and varus, as a preliminary step for arthroplasty of the elbow, for repair of ruptured triceps; for ununited fracture of the olecranon and also when the ulnar nerve had to be sutured at the wrist and there was a three inch gap to be bridged. Skiagrams of five illustrative cases are shown.
The results have been satisfactory. The minor neurological changes cleared up and where there were gross signs there was either improvement or no further progress of nerve degeneration and pain disappeared.
This simple operation appears to avoid the danger of fibro‐cicatrical contracture, which occasionally occurs when the nerve is embedded in the flexor muscles and, perhaps, minimizes the danger of pressure upon it by external objects as can take place if the nerve is transposed anteriorly and subcutaneously.
FOUR UNUSUAL COMPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY
Authors: Fleming J. P. , Ward‐McQuaid J. N. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Four late complications of partial gastrectomy are described. The partial gastrectomies were all of the antecolic Polya type with anastomosis of the afferent loop to the lesser curve.
In the first of the cases described, partial gastrectomy was followed by perforation of a jejunal ulcer of the afferent loop. In the second case it was followed by “dumping” symptoms and then acute intestinal obstruction due to impaction of orange pith in the lower jejunum. In the third case partial gastrectomy was followed by obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop by adhesions; the distended loop was palpable as an epigastric tumour and the patient developed jaundice. In the fourth case the ileum was mistaken for the jejunum and was used in making the anastomosis.
THE HISTOLOGY OF GASTRITIS
Authors: Doig R. K. , Motteram R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary(1) The various methods by which material has been. obtained for histological examination of the stomach are briefly discussed.(2) The advantages and limitations of blind biopsy, using a flexible gastric biopsy tube, are set forth.(3) Cases are presented in which biopsy has been used and three representative tvpes illustrated.(4) Photomicrographs from sections of these biopsy specimens are proffered as proof of the adequacy of the material, and the importance and value of differential stains is pointed out.
DIVERTICULA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A small series of 32 post‐mortem speci mens and 5 obtained at operation form the basis of a description of the features of diverticula of the small intestine.2. The literature is extensively but by no means exhaustively reviewed.3. The diverticula are much more common than is generally thought.4. They are frequently associated with local or more extensive but regional balloonings of the adjacent intestine, and this association is regarded as etiologically significant. Thus the essential feature is the development of a muscle weakness the origin of which is discussed. Anatomical factors do not provide an adequate explanation for the formation of the diverticula.5. Symptoms occur with some diverticula, and these are due usually to this distension or “atony” of the gut wall.6. Complications are unusual but should be sufficiently well known to be recognized when they do arise.
AN ATYPICAL LYMPHADENOID GOITRE ENCIRCLING THE TRACHEA AND LARYNX
Authors: Fleming J. P. 
Published: January 2008

Summary(a) A case of atypical lymphadenoid goitre is described.(b) There was marked forward displacement of the trachea.(c) The gland encircled completely the lower part of the larynx and upper trachea.(d) Histological examination showed features of Hashimoto's disease and Reidel's struma.
SEQUELAE OF TREATMENT OF HYDATID CYSTS OF THE LUNG
Authors: Fitzpatrick S. C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe results of treatment of 80 cases of hydatid cyst of the lung are given: 4 were fatal; the sequelae discussed are:‐ Anaphylactic shock; Lung hydatid abscess; persistent cavity, and chronic empyema; recurrence of daughter cysts; fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Methods of prevention and treatment of sequelae are referred to.
DIAPHRAGMATIC DEFORMATION OF THE LIVER.
Authors: Christie G. S. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The deformities of the antero‐superior surface of the liver caused by the costal part of the diaphragm are reviewed under the terms “diaphragmatic grooves,”“bosses” and humps.”
In a series of 900 consecutive adult autopsies the incidence of grooving was found to be 11.4 per cent. The incidence of predisposing conditions is presented.
The aetiology of changes is discussed.
A brief evaluation pearances is appended. the diaphragmatic of radiological appearances appended.
A COMPLICATED CASE OF OTITIC CEREBRAL ABSCESS.
Authors: Hooper R. S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case presenting multiple intra‐cranial complications following otitis media is des‐ cribed. At autopsy sinus thrombosis, cortical thrombophlebitis, intra‐cerebral abscess and a membranous obstruction of the aqueduct were found.The clinical features of these conditions are discussed in relation to diagnosis and treatment.
PANCREATICO‐DUODENAL RESECTION FOR CARCINOMA
Authors: Smith Julian Orm , Brown Grayton 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Early and accurate diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas and the ampulla of Vater can be assised by the use of bio‐ chemical tests and perhaps liver biopsy. Early laparotomy is essential to avoid further liver damage and spread of the tumour.
The general clinical improvement of the patients and the improvement of these tests have shown the value of preliminary decompression of the biliary system be‐ fore pancreatico‐duodenal resection. A two stage operation is therefore recom‐ mended.
The diagnosis of small tumours of the ampulla or head of the pancreas is dis‐ cussed and its importance emphasised as the most difficult tumours to diagnose will probably have the best prognoses.
A detailed description of the steps in pancreatico‐duodenal resection is given, with illustrations. The hazards are em‐ phasized.
The results of resection in eight cases are recorded.
MALIGNANT MELANOMATA: SOME POINTS IN TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
Authors: Clarke J. Maxwell 
Published: January 2008

Summary

In a clinical study of 90 cases of malig‐ nant melanoma registered at the Auck‐ land Consultation Clinic between 1929 and 1946, the evidence is slightly in favour of local excision only for the primary lesion with delayed operation on regional glands as required.
The prognosis in this series is considerably better in women than in men.
It is better in the younger age group.
Lesions in the head area, in the digits and in the leg appear to carry a better prognosis.
It would seem that the shorter the period between apparent onset of malignancy and operation, the worse is the prognosis.
With a small lesion, 1 cm. or less, there appears to be a better prognosis than with a larger lesion.
SURGERY OF THE LARYNGO‐PHARYNX AND CERVICAL OESOPHAGUS
Authors: Dunlop E. E. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. the difficulties of treatment of carcinomata of the laryngo‐pharynx and cervical2. reference is made to some misconceptions about treatment and the place of radio therapy and surgery.3. brief reference is made to pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis.4. operative treatment is illustrated by methods employed in a personal series of 25 cases, averaging 62 years. 20 major excision operations were carried out, and numerous secondary precedures mainly associated with reconstruction of an artificial pharynx. there was one late post‐operative death.5. operative methods are discussed, and some account is given of operative results.
CHOLECYSTITIS GLANDULARIS(Rokitansky‐Luschka‐Aschoff Sinuses) AND RELATED CONDITIONS
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summaryepithelium‐lined spaces are found in the wall of the gall‐bladder and often in the sub‐peritoneal coat.these are of three distinct types which have different origins:(a) sinuses communicating with the lumen of the gall‐bladder;(b) ducts communicating with intra‐hepatic ducts but not with the gall‐bladder;(c) sub‐peritoneal glands of mesothelial origin.the sinuses (rokitansky‐aschoff sinuses or cholecystitis glandularis) have a wide field of macroscopic form ranging from those in which the organ is relatively normal and there are only a few crypts to various localized or diffuse thickenings of the wall. they are important because of various complications such as cyst formation and devdoprnent of intra‐mural calculi. rupture of sub‐peritoneal cysts may give rise to choleperitoneum.the ducts, commonly seen on the hepatic aspect of the organ, may occur in the sub‐peritoneal zone. they never communicate with the lumen of the gall‐bladder and they have a characteristic histological structure.the mesothelial glands also have a characteristically different histological structure and are of importance mainly in so far as they have to be distinguished from the others previously described.
GIANT FIBROADENOMA OF THE BREAST
Authors: McLaren D. M. 
Published: January 2008

Summarya series of 9 cases of giant fibroadenoma of the breast has been presented to illustratethe features of a somewhat uncommon but none the less interesting condition. there is a typical clinical picture and, if one is ntocompletely overawed by the size and appearance of the tumour on first inspection, in the majority of cases the patient can be treated quite effectively by relatively simple means. however, it should be remembered that there is a small proportion of these tumours which is malignant.
EXTRUSION OF INTACT HYDATID CYST
Authors: Hueston J. T. 
Published: January 2008

Summary(1) a case is recorded in which a hydatid cyst of the liver was extruded intact from its fibrous adventitia and, at autopsy, was found loose in the pelvis.(2) the mechanisms of rupture and subsequent survival of the cyst are discussed and compared with those of cysts in which complete rupture of the wall with escape of contents occurs.(3) the absence of hydatid fluid leakage from an intact cyst will greatly modify the prognosis.
A REVIEW OF THIRTY‐NINE CASES
Authors: Rose Thomas F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA series of 39 cases of small intestine volvulus occurring in bowel with a normal mesentery is discussed. Thirty‐three involved the ileum, 5 the jejunum and one the whole of the small bowel.They were able to be divided into three groups according to the presence or not of a predisposing cause. In Group 1, consisting of 16 cases, there was no apparent cause at all. In Group 2, with 8 cases, the predisposing cause was an old, tough fibrous band running from the apex of the involved loop of bowel to the abdominal wall. In the 15 cases of Group 3, the predisposing cause was due to acquired adhesions, either inflammatory or post‐operative, and in one instance neoplastic.Symptoms and signs are discussed with particular reference to shock. Roughly, there were two main types, the slowly twisting type of volvulus and the quickly twisting type, the latter of which is highly dangerous when diagnosis is delayed.The mortality rate was high (14 of 39 cases dying), due mainly to late diagnosis with consequent delay in hospitalization and treatment. However, there were only 2 deaths in the last 14 cases and one was not actually due to the volvulus.The follow‐up disclosed no recurrence of the volvulus in any instance.
MEGAOESOPHAGUS WITH MEDIASTINITIS TREATED BY PARTIAL OESOPHAGO‐GASTRECTOMY
Authors: Kinsella V. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A case of megaoesophagus is described.2. The first point of interest is the large size of the oesophagus, reaching the lateral chest wall.3. The second point is the influenza‐like febrile attacks caused by it.4. The third point is its treatment by oesophago‐gastrectomy, after instrumental dilatation and Heller's operation had failed. Results are reported nearly four years later.
HIATUS HERNIA
Authors: NIESCHE F. W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe results of sixty‐one cases of hiatus hernia have been presented. All have been treated surgically by a transthoracic approach.One post‐operative death is recorded due to a massive pulmonary embolus.It is considered that repair of hiatus hernia is a very satisfactory operation and is justified by results and very few recurrences.
APPOSITION AND DRAINAGE OF LARGE SKIN FLAPS BY SUCTION
Authors: Moloney G. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe use of suction for drainage and apposition of skin flaps to underlying tissues, already described for use after radical mastectomy, has been applied to other areas where skin flaps and dead space remain after operations, notably in the neck, groin, and in amputation wounds.The advantages of the method are stated, points of technique in general and for special areas are detailed, and results mentioned.
THE SURGERY OF MAJOR ARTERIAL OBSTRUCTION AND OCCLUSION
Authors: Nicks Rowan 
Published: January 2008

SummarySome of the basic pathological problems in connection with the surgery of defined types of major arterial obstruction are discussed.The results of surgical treatment at Green Lane Hospital of cases with congenital, traumatic, embolic and degenerative obstruction is recorded and discussed together with a table of statistics of wounds involving arteries of the New Zealand Armed Forces.
TREATMENT OF ISCHIORECTAL ANAL FISTULA (ANO‐RECTAL FISTULA)
Authors: Hughes E. S. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A series of 24 patients with an ischiorectal anal fistula (ano‐rectal fistula) were subjected to operation.2. In 20, the fistula was classified as a posterior ischiorectal anal fistula because the internal opening was situated in the middle line posteriorly. The fistulous track ran in the ischiorectal fossa either on one or on both sides. An external opening was present in 18 and absent in two. Secondary tracks in the peri‐anal and supra‐levator spaces were sometimes present.3. In three patients the fistula was classified as an anterior ischiorectal anal fistula because the internal opening was in the middle line anteriorly.4. In one case no internal opening was found. It was the first case in the series.5. In 22 of the 24 cases of this series the fistula was treated by a one‐stage operation in which the whole track was laid open and the resulting wound covered by a primary skin graft. In one case the wound was too vascular and the graft deferred for two days whilst in the other‐case no graft was applied because of the desire to have the patient out of bed to void within a few hours of the operation.6. Despite the long operation there has been no operative or post‐operative mortality.7. In 20 cases, 90 per cent, or more of the graft was successful and the wound almost healed within 7 to 10 days of the operation. In the remaining three cases part or whole of a sheet of skin failed either because of haematoma formation or because it had been displaced during the application of the dressings. In the least successful result there was approximately a 50 per cent. “take.”8. Therc was only one recurrence; this was in the first case of the series in which an internal opening was not discovered.9. All patients were continent, although for a week or two after the operation there was a tendency for the sphincteric function to be inadequate. In 22 patients the sphinctcr muscle seemed as strong to the patient as it did before the operation. In the othcr two, there was some weakness when the motions became loose.10. In three patients there was a small, symptomless partial mucosal prolapse.11. The deformity produced by laying open and skin grafting this large fistula has not been a cause for complaint by any patient.
RENAL CHANGES IN FATAL BURNS
Authors: Hueston J. T. , Hossack D. W. , Taft L. I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case histories are reported of 4 patients with extensive burns, all showing the common features of early oliguria or anuria with severe haemoglobinuria in the absence of a hypotensive phase as estimated by the systolic blood‐pressure.The renal histology was studied in aspirates taken immediately after death and revealed varying phases of acute tubular necrosis. As the patients died seven hours, forty‐eight hours, five days and twelve days after injury, it was possible to observe both the early and the late changes present in the tubular epithelium. The necrosis was most pronounced in the forty‐eight hours' specimen corresponding clinically to total anuria. At five days tubular regeneration had commenced, coinciding clinically with the early diuretic phase.The production of these renal changes is discussed and it is suggested that renal vasospasm, haemoglobinaemia and oligaemia are the principal contributing factors. An appreciation of the renal changes is of value in the planning of treatment.
CYSTADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Gwynne J. F. , Wllson S. L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas is presented and previous reports reviewed briefly. The tumour was successfully treated by surgical excision after a preliminary biopsy. At the first laparotomy the nature of the lesion was not recognized.It is suggested that cystic lesions of the pancreas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vague upper abdominal discomfort.
THE BOWEL SOUNDS IN CASES OF HAEMATEMESIS AND MELAENA
Authors: MILTON G. W. , CLUNIE G. J. A. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A careful assessment of the frequency of the bowel sounds was made in twenty cases of haematemesis and melaena.
It was found that:–The bowel sounds are increased above what has been defined as the. upper limit of normal, when there is much blood in the small intestine.The bowel sounds are absent if the patient is severely shocked
BILIARY TRACT SURGERY IN RETROSPECT*
Authors: Cass Alex. , Glass Kenneth , Smyth John 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The mortality rate for all biliary tract surgery for stone should be in the vicinity of 1 per cent., with a lower figure for elective surgery.
Registrar training does not raise operative mortality. It aids in lowering it.
The addition of choledochostomy to cholecystectomy does not elevate the mortality rate.
1. Choledochostomy is required so frequently in biliary tract surgery that there is no place for the cholecystectomist who rarely, if ever, performs it.
The removal of all stones in the bile ducts (Lahey's “third stage) has not yet been achieved.
The relating of operation and admission figures to give an operation rate per thousand admissions is worth investigation.
A follow‐up of 951 patients showed that there were certain reliable indications for biliary tract surgery, certain less reliable ones, and some common errors.
During the follow‐up the opportunity was taken to study biliary colic, jaundice and fatty dyspepsia.
An attempt was made to estimate the likelihood of the development of cancer or of symptoms in those with symptomless gall‐stones.
It would appear from this study that undue reliance on Graham's test can result in a cholecystectomy being performed when the only lesion present is a peptic ulcer.
In view of the vague descriptions of the post‐cholecystectomy syndrome in the literature, this review suggests that the post‐cholecystectomy syndrome is made up of these symptoms which the surgeon thought the operation should have removed. The subject is confused.
This study confirms the very old idea that the patient's history is important.
HEPATO‐PULMONARY HYDATID DISEASE
Authors: McConchie Ian 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe surgical anatomy of five types of intrathoracic complication of liver hydatid disease has been described.Seven case histories, illustrating the clinical picture and the surgical treatment of each type of hepato‐thoracic hydatid disease, are presented. Mr. John Hayward operated on Cases 2, 3 and 5, and I thank him for permission to include their clinical histories inthis series.If the subdiaphragmatic hydatid disease is adequately treated complicating lung abscesses and broncho‐biliary fistulae will heal. Definitive closure of a broncho‐biliary fistula is not indicated and drainage of a lung abscess or pulmonary resection will not be necessary.If pleural complications are present, both these and the liver hydatid require surgical treatment. The empyema contents must be evacuated, the lung and chest wall decorticated and the pleural cavity drained.A large hepato‐pulmonary hydatid cyst is best approached through a long thoraco‐abdominal incision. This exposure makes it more likely that all hydatid cysts will be removed, under vision, from the liver.After removal of the hydatid from the liver, the adventitia, if calcified, should be excised. Haemorrhage is usually severe; but it can usually be controlled. Excision of thecalcified adventitia decreases greatly the period of drainage from the liver cavity‐an infected, calcified liver cavity may drain forever. I am grateful to Mr. Fitzpatrick of Hamilton for suggesting an alternative method of dealing with a liver cavity with a calcified adventitial wall He suggests that the wall be swabbed and scraped, and the cavity closed by suture, and he advises against drainage of such cavities, even when obviously infected. In his extensive experience infection seldom recurs, and it is therefore rarely necessary to re‐operate to drain a liver cavity so treated. This method of treatment certainlyeliminates the possibility of a fatal haemorrhage from the liver during excision of the calcified adventitia.The coughing up of daughter cysts and the finding of daughter cysts in a lung hydatid at operation, usually mean that the patient is suffering from hepato‐thoracic hydatid disease. The liver hydatid should be sought and treated. It is realised that primary lung hydatids occasionally contain daughter cysts and that daughter cysts in a lung or pleural hydatid, which has developed because of spillage of hydatid elements due to a previous operation for lung hydatid, is fairly common.In Australia the commonest cause of the coughing up of bile is hepato‐pulmonary hydatid disease.