bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Femocrats: Brokering Gender Norms in Addis Ababa
Authors: Tornius Karmen 
Published: March 2024

This article examines the evolution of gender governance in national and regional contexts in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia and home of the African Union secretariat, by juxtaposing the life histories of two women. One was an Officer at the Women’s Unit of the Organization of African Unity (later the African Union) and the other the first State Minister of Women’s Affairs in the Ethiopian government. Introducing political biographies as a vehicle through which individual actors in normative processes can be analysed, the article conceptualises their roles and political work through the notion of norm brokers. Informed by discussions in constructivist international relations, anthropology and global histories, I demonstrate that femocrats as norm brokers use their position in a network of state actors, donors and civil society to facilitate the success of policy networks and norm entrepreneurs. The article argues that, unlike norm entrepreneurs, norm brokers enable normative negotiation and change ‘behind the scenes’. Un conte de deux fémocrates : le brokering des normes de genre à Addis Abeba
Effect of Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Lactation in Postpartum Primiparous Women After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kiliçli ID Ayşegül , Zeyneloglu ID Simge 
Published: March 2024

Background: Mothers commonly experience pain, fatigue, sleep disruption, and breastfeeding problems after cesarean delivery. To date, no follow-up study has examined all of these variables to evaluate the utility of reflexology in reducing these problems and supporting breastfeeding. Research Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology performed in the postpartum period on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and lactation in primiparous women who underwent cesarean delivery. Methods: This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Data were collected between January 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, with a sample of 80 women who were randomly assigned to the reflexology ( n = 40) and control ( n = 40) groups. The reflexology group received 40 minutes of foot reflexology once a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and breastfeeding efficacy. Results: Pain scores in the reflexology group decreased by 90.9% in week 1, 90.2% in week 2, and 59.8% in week 3 compared to the control group. Pain resolved at week 4 in the reflexology group and week 7 in the control group. The reflexology group showed a 36.9% decrease in fatigue level, a 48.0% increase in energy level, a 70.7% increase in sleep quality, and a 20.2% increase in breastfeeding efficacy compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Foot reflexology reduces postpartum symptoms and positively affects breastfeeding and can be used safely in postnatal care practices.
Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block in Palatoplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Perioperative Outcomes in Syndromic and Non-Syndromic Children
Authors: Stanek Krystof , Alrayashi Walid , Nussbaum Lisa , Ganske Ingrid M. , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. 
Published: March 2024

Objective This study compares the impact of surgical site infiltration of local anesthesia alone to surgical site infiltration plus suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block (SMB) in non-syndromic and syndromic children undergoing primary palatoplasty. Design Retrospective cohort study of intra- and post-operative outcomes and opioid utilization in children undergoing palatoplasty by a single surgeon. Setting Urban, academic, tertiary care children's hospital. Patients, Participants Children 24 months or younger undergoing primary palatoplasty were included (n = 102). Exclusion criteria were concurrent painful procedures, history of neonatal abstinence syndrome, and nurse-controlled analgesia (n = 30). Interventions All patients received epinephrine-containing local anesthetic infiltrated at the surgical site. Fifty-seven also underwent placement of ultrasound-guided SMB. Main Outcome Measure(s) Intra-operative opioid requirement, duration of anesthesia, time to wake up, post-operative opioid requirement, hypoxemic episodes, need for respiratory support, FLACC scores, and length of stay. Results When controlling for syndromic status and cleft phenotype, SMB was associated with a 57% reduction in intraoperative opioid requirements (95% CI = 15–81%, p = 0.024) but also with a 29% (∼5-min) increase in wake-up time post-surgery (95% CI = 3–50%, p = 0.048). Postoperatively, SMB was linked to a 18% reduction in hospital stay length (95% CI = 2–31%, p = 0.027) and a 88% reduction in opioid requirements within 24 h after surgery (p = 0.006). Desaturations and new respiratory support requirements were unaffected by SMB. Conclusions Compared to surgical site infiltration of local anesthetic alone, adding SMB reduces intra- and postoperative narcotic requirements and decreases length of stay. These benefits apply to both syndromic and non-syndromic children. SMB does not meaningfully affect respiratory outcomes.
Posttraumatic glaucoma in southern China: A ten-year retrospective study
Authors: Gong Haijun , Lin Mingkai 
Published: March 2024

Purpose To analyze posttraumatic glaucoma regarding its demographics, presentations, different causes, surgical modalities, and hospitalization burden among patients in southern China. Methods This retrospective study investigated all individuals with posttraumatic glaucoma admitted to the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2012 through December 2021. Results Out of 2211 cases, 64.82% had closed globe injury (CGI), 28.22% had open globe injury (OGI), and 6.96% had chemical injury (CI). The mean age of all patients was 44.45 ± 19.45 years old. Males (83.36%), rural patients (56.17%), and farmers (27.14%) predominantly had posttraumatic glaucoma. The most common external injury mechanism was blunt objects (37.82%). Compared with the other two groups, the majority of surgical modalities were cataract extraction (27.12%) in the CGI group, combined anterior-posterior surgery (34.79%) in the OGI group, and cyclocryotherapy/cyclophotoagulation (49.1%) in the CI group. The CI group had higher times of hospitalization (3.542 ± 0.242) and hospitalization duration (8.373 ± 0.743 days), whereas the OGI group had more operation expense ($ 1476.729 ± 11.047) and medical consumables expense per head ($ 962.578 ± 25.801). Conclusion Blunt injury, males, adults, farmers, and rural patients were high-risk factors for posttraumatic glaucoma. Chemical-induced glaucoma management requires a longer hospitalization period, while OGI requires more medical expenditure. This knowledge provides a new reference for clinicians to accurately diagnose and intervene in posttraumatic glaucoma. It also suggests that more education and long-term surveillance are needed regarding the presence of glaucoma after ocular trauma.
A glimpse inside: Examining loob from the life stories of center-based Filipino children in conflict with the law
Authors: Banzon-Librojo Lorelie Ann 
Published: March 2024

This study is a reexamination of the life stories of 10 male, center-based, Filipino children in conflict with the law (CICL) focusing on the most prominent descriptions of their loob or inner self before entering the youth rehabilitation center, during their commitment at the center, and after they leave the center. Participants were 18–22 years old during the interviews but were charged with committing an offense as minors. An adapted life story interview guide was used to conduct in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the CICL which elicited stories of their past, present, and future. REC-approved protocols and research guidelines for juvenile justice populations were followed in gathering data. Thematic analysis showed that almost all the CICL had sama ng loob or resentments in the past, experienced pagbabagong-loob or a sense of renewal in the present, and expressed their desire to make up by giving back to others in the future because of their utang na loob or sense of gratitude to those who have helped them. The development of the inner self of the CICL from past to present to the future can be described as Nagibâ-Nabubuo-Babawi or Collapsed-Taking Shape-Giving Back. Findings of the study provide a glimpse of the inner self of the CICL from their perspective. It highlights the dynamic movement of the CICL’s inner self which has implications for prevention, intervention, and rehabilitation efforts in relation to youth offending.
How country of origin and stimuli language influence visual word recognition in bilingual children
Authors: Incera Sara , Hevia-Tuero Carmen , Martín Inés E. , Suárez-Coalla Paz 
Published: March 2024

Aims and objectives: We used mouse tracking to determine how country of origin and stimuli language influence visual word recognition in bilingual children. Methodology: Children attending bilingual schools in Spain and the USA completed a lexical decision task in English. The task included real English words (e.g., true), and pseudohomophones following Spanish (e.g., tru) and English (e.g., troo) orthographical rules. Data and analysis: Bilingual children from both countries performed worse when responding to English pseudohomophones (within-language interference) than Spanish pseudohomophones (between-language interference). Findings/conclusions: The children from the USA outperformed the children from Spain in almost every measure. Interestingly, their mouse trajectories followed a different pattern. Originality: When responding to pseudohomophones, children from the USA showed a pronounced initial deviation toward the incorrect response (likely due to a strong activation of the phonology of the real English word) followed by a very effective corrective movement (likely due to an orthographic verification mechanism). Significance: Mouse tracking provides novel insights regarding language activation in bilingual readers.
Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Psychosexual Intervention for Couples Post-allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Pillay Brindha , Ritchie David , Panek-Hudson Yvonne , Jefford Michael , Garcia Teresa , Shields Cassandra , Gniel Jo , Phipps-Nelson Jo , Drosdowsky Allison , Ellen Steve , Ftanou Maria 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can have a long-term impact on patients’ sexual functioning and consequently, their relationship satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 5-session psychosexual intervention for HSCT survivors and their partners. Methods: To be eligible patients were required to be more than 3 months post-allogeneic HSCT. The intervention comprised 2 components: (1) A psychosexual education session exploring medical/behavioral treatment options for sexual dysfunction, delivered by a specialist nurse; (2) A 4-session Emotionally-Focused Therapy-based relationship education program for couples delivered by a clinical psychologist. Measures assessing relationship quality, sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression were administered pre- and post-intervention. Feasibility was measured via participation rate, adherence and compliance with completing main measures. Acceptability of the intervention was assessed via patient/partner satisfaction surveys. Results: Eight of 85 (9.4%) eligible patients and their partners participated in the study. Reasons for declining participation included: feeling uncomfortable due to sensitive nature of intervention; did not have any relationship/sexual function issues; and experiencing ongoing medical issues. Six of 8 couples (75%) attended at least 4 intervention sessions and 5 of 8 (62.5%) completed the main study measures post-intervention. Four couples reported that sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction was somewhat or much better post-intervention; 1 reported no change. Conclusion: Feasibility criteria were not met, with low enrolment rate, however the intervention was deemed acceptable. Couples who participated adhered to the intervention and considered it beneficial. Further strategies to identify and manage sexual concerns are required.
Prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus during Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults in Tanzania
Authors: Yustus Isaack M , Millanzi Walter C , Herman Patricia Z 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Excessive consumption of comfort foods, which are mostly high in carbs, and limitations on outdoor and gym-based physical activities, for instance, are associated with foods high in the glycemic index and raise the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In pandemic and or epidemic situations, peoples’ lifestyles may change significantly to lead them to non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle changes and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults have not been well established in Tanzania. This study assessed the prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in the country. Methods: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Dodoma region, Tanzania between September and October 2020 of which 107 adults aged above 18 years were studied regardless of whether they were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus or not using a quantitative research approach. Interviewer-administered lifestyle habits and medication adherence structured questionnaires benchmarked from previous studies served as the main tools of data collection. The statistical package for social sciences computer program was used to analyze the data descriptively for frequencies and percentages and by regression analysis model to determine the association between variables with a 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. Results: With a mean age of 31 ± 2.527 years, 59.8% of the respondents were female. 60.7% and 11.7% of the respondents had unhealthy and moderate lifestyle choices respectively. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus accounted for 63.9% of the respondents of which 44.6% were diagnostically confirmed during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic against 19.3% of respondents who were diagnosed before the pandemic. Medication adherence among the type 2 diabetes mellitus respondents accounted for 77.9% of the study respondents. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with being in the 36–55 age group (AOR = 1.054; 95% CI: 0.292, 3.162; p < 0.05); being female (AOR = 1.398; 95% CI: 0.205, 3.048; p < 0.05); having a job (AOR = 2.597; 95% CI: 1.243, 4.402, p < 0.05); and having unhealthy lifestyle habits (AOR = 3.301; 95% CI: 1.199, 6.52; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of adults had type 2 diabetes mellitus of which most of them were confirmed to have the disease during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. Few type 2 diabetes mellitus adults did not adhere to their medications as recommended. Their sociodemographic characteristics profiles and unhealthy lifestyles significantly led them to have the problem. The treatment of the disease above and health promotion activities may need to take unhealthy lifestyle choices and certain sociodemographic profiles of adults into consideration to assist in preventing the problem.
‘Better see a doctor?’ Status quo of symptom checker apps in Germany: A cross-sectional survey with a mixed-methods design (CHECK.APP)
Authors: Wetzel Anna-Jasmin , Koch Roland , Koch Nadine , Klemmt Malte , Müller Regina , Preiser Christine , Rieger Monika , Rösel Inka , Ranisch Robert , Ehni Hans-Jörg , Joos Stefanie 
Published: March 2024

Background Symptom checker apps (SCAs) offer symptom classification and low-threshold self-triage for laypeople. They are already in use despite their poor accuracy and concerns that they may negatively affect primary care. This study assesses the extent to which SCAs are used by medical laypeople in Germany and which software is most popular. We examined associations between satisfaction with the general practitioner (GP) and SCA use as well as the number of GP visits and SCA use. Furthermore, we assessed the reasons for intentional non-use. Methods We conducted a survey comprising standardised and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were weighted, and open-ended responses were examined using thematic analysis. Results This study included 850 participants. The SCA usage rate was 8%, and approximately 50% of SCA non-users were uninterested in trying SCAs. The most commonly used SCAs were NetDoktor and Ada. Surprisingly, SCAs were most frequently used in the age group of 51–55 years. No significant associations were found between SCA usage and satisfaction with the GP or the number of GP visits and SCA usage. Thematic analysis revealed skepticism regarding the results and recommendations of SCAs and discrepancies between users’ requirements and the features of apps. Conclusion SCAs are still widely unknown in the German population and have been sparsely used so far. Many participants were not interested in trying SCAs, and we found no positive or negative associations of SCAs and primary care.
Diabetes prediction model for unbalanced community follow-up data set based on optimal feature selection and scorecard
Authors: Jiang Liangjun , Yang Zerui , Wang Donghai , Gong Haimei , Li Juan , Wang Jing , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesDiabetes is a metabolic disease and early detection is crucial to ensuring a healthy life for people with prediabetes. Community care plays an important role in public health, but the association between community follow-up of key life characteristics and diabetes risk remains unclear. Based on the method of optimal feature selection and risk scorecard, follow-up data of diabetes patients are modeled to assess diabetes risk.MethodsWe conducted a study on the diabetes risk assessment model and risk scorecard using follow-up data from diabetes patients in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, from 2016 to 2023. The raw data underwent preprocessing and imbalance handling. Subsequently, features relevant to diabetes were selected and optimized to determine the optimal subset of features associated with community follow-up and diabetes risk. We established the diabetes risk assessment model. Furthermore, for a comprehensible and interpretable risk expression, the Weight of Evidence transformation method was applied to features. The transformed features were discretized using the quantile binning method to design the risk scorecard, mapping the model's output to five risk levels.ResultsIn constructing the diabetes risk assessment model, the Random Forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy. The risk scorecard obtained an accuracy of 85.16%, precision of 87.30%, recall of 80.26%, and an F1 score of 83.27% on the unbalanced research dataset. The performance loss compared to the diabetes risk assessment model was minimal, suggesting that the binning method used for constructing the diabetes risk scorecard is reasonable, with very low feature information loss.ConclusionThe methods provided in this article demonstrate effectiveness and reliability in the assessment of diabetes risk. The assessment model and scorecard can be directly applied to community doctors for large-scale risk identification and early warning and can also be used for individual self-examination to reduce risk factor levels.
Effects of Scapular Angular Deviations on Potential for Rotator Cuff Tendon Mechanical Compression
Authors: Lawrence Rebekah L. , Richardson Laura B. , Bilodeau Hannah L. , Bonath Dane J. , Dahn Daniel J. , Em Mary-Ann , Sarkar Sanjay , Braman Jonathan P. , Ludewig Paula M. 
Published: March 2024

Background: One proposed mechanism of rotator cuff disease is scapular motion impairments contributing to rotator cuff compression and subsequent degeneration. Purpose: To model the effects of scapular angular deviations on rotator cuff tendon proximity for subacromial and internal mechanical impingement risk during scapular plane abduction. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Three-dimensional bone models were reconstructed from computed tomography scans obtained from 10 asymptomatic subjects and 9 symptomatic subjects with a clinical presentation of impingement syndrome. Models were rotated to average scapular orientations from a healthy dataset at higher (120°) and lower (subject-specific) humeral elevation angles to investigate internal and subacromial impingement risks, respectively. Incremental deviations in scapular upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation, and anterior/posterior tilt were imposed on the models to simulate scapular movement impairments. The minimum distance between the rotator cuff insertions and potential impinging structures (eg, glenoid, acromion) was calculated. Two-way mixed-model analyses of variance assessed for effects of scapular deviation and group. Results: At 120° of humerothoracic elevation, minimum distances from the supraspinatus and infraspinatus insertions to the glenoid increased with ≥5° changes in upward rotation (1.6-9.8 mm, P < .001) or external rotation (0.9-5.0 mm, P≤ .048), or with ≥10° changes in anterior tilt (1.1-3.2 mm, P < .001). At lower angles, ≥20° changes in most scapular orientations significantly increased the distance between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus insertions and the acromion or coracoacromial ligament. Conclusion: A reduction in scapular upward rotation decreases the distance between the rotator cuff tendon insertions and glenoid at 120° humerothoracic elevation. Interpretation is complicated for lower angles because the humeral elevation angle was defined by the minimum distance. Clinical Relevance: These results may assist clinical decision making regarding the effects of scapular movement deviations in patients with rotator cuff pathology and scapular dyskinesia and may help inform the selection of clinical interventions.