bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment outcomes of people with Long Covid symptoms: community-based cohort study
Authors: Ayoubkhani Daniel , Zaccardi Francesco , Pouwels Koen B , Walker A Sarah , Houston Donald , Alwan Nisreen A , Martin Josh , Khunti Kamlesh , Nafilyan Vahé 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence on the long-term employment consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking. We used data from a large, community-based sample in the UK to estimate associations between Long Covid and employment outcomes.

Methods
This was an observational, longitudinal study using a pre–post design. We included survey participants from 3 February 2021 to 30 September 2022 when they were aged 16–64 years and not in education. Using conditional logit modelling, we explored the time-varying relationship between Long Covid status ≥12 weeks after a first test-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (reference: pre-infection) and labour market inactivity (neither working nor looking for work) or workplace absence lasting ≥4 weeks.

Results
Of 206 299 participants (mean age 45 years, 54% female, 92% white), 15% were ever labour market inactive and 10% were ever long-term absent during follow-up. Compared with pre-infection, inactivity was higher in participants reporting Long Covid 30 to &lt;40 weeks [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.45; 95% CI: 1.17–1.81] or 40 to &lt;52 weeks (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.05–1.72) post-infection. Combining with official statistics on Long Covid prevalence, and assuming a correct statistical model, our estimates translate to 27 000 (95% CI: 6000–47 000) working-age adults in the UK being inactive because of Long Covid in July 2022.

Conclusions
Long Covid is likely to have contributed to reduced participation in the UK labour market, though it is unlikely to be the sole driver. Further research is required to quantify the contribution of other factors, such as indirect health effects of the pandemic.
Building conceptual and methodological bridges between SSE’s diversity, equity, and inclusion statement and educational actions in evolutionary biology
Authors: Sbeglia Gena C , Nehm Ross H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The field of evolutionary biology must bridge the gap between its diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) commitments and data-driven educational actions in the nation’s undergraduate classrooms and degree programs. In this article, we discuss the urgent need for the adoption of equity frameworks and why they are centrally important to data-driven DEI efforts in evolutionary biology. We describe why equity indicators (e.g., measures) must be anchored in and aligned with equity frameworks. We introduce a specific equity framework for learning (the enhanced educational debt framework) and illustrate how it may be leveraged to document, interpret, and improve outcomes in evolutionary biology. We apply the equity framework and associated indicators to &gt;3,500 students’ first college-level experience with evolutionary biology at a public, 4-year institution in the Northeastern United States to demonstrate how these conceptual tools and empirical perspectives may be used by faculty, departments, and degree programs to better understand their roles in mitigating or perpetuating inequities. We end by discussing how this framework may be applied to a range of evolution concepts and courses in the educational hierarchy and used to help evolutionary biologists better understand the extent to which a core aspect of SSE’s diversity statement is being realized.
Effects of integrated care with case management and nutritional counselling for frail older adults with nutritional risk in the primary care setting
Authors: Hsiao Mei-Lan , Su Chen-Ying , Loh Ching-Hui , Kao Sheng-Lun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The effects of integrated care with case management and nutritional counselling for frail patients with nutritional risk are unclear.

Objectives
To assess the impact of the integrated care model for frail patients with nutritional risk in the primary care setting.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study. We enrolled 100 prefrail or frail patients according to Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) aged ≥ 60 years with nutritional risk from the geriatric clinic. We implemented the frailty intervention model, including integrated care with comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGA), case management, and nutritional counselling by the dietitian. We obtained measures of CGA components, physical performance, body mass index (BMI), and daily caloric intake before and after the 2-month care program. We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to analyse differences after the care program and applied multiple linear regression to determine the predictive factors for CFS improvement.

Results
Among the 100 patients (mean age, 75.0 ± 7.2 years; females, 71.0%; frail patients, 26%), 93% improved their CFS status, and 91% achieved &gt; 80% of recommended daily caloric intake after the care program. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form significantly improved after the program. BMI and daily caloric intake increased significantly after nutritional counselling. The post-test short physical performance battery (SPPB) significantly increased with a faster 4 m gait speed. Baseline poor CFS was a significant predictor for CFS improvement.

Conclusions
Integrated care with case management and nutritional counselling for prefrail and frail patients with nutritional risk in the primary care setting may improve physical performance and nutritional status.
Genetic variation for sexual dimorphism in developmental traits in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Li Tianyu , Zhang Rebecca S , True John R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in traits of insects during the developmental stages could potentially be the direct or indirect result of sex-specific selection provided that genetic variation for sexual dimorphism is present. We investigated genetic variation in sexual dimorphism in a set of Drosophila melanogaster inbred lines for 2 traits: egg to adult development time and pupation site preference. We observed considerable genetic variation in sexual dimorphism among lines in both traits. The sexual dimorphic patterns remained relatively consistent across multiple trials, despite both traits being sensitive to environmental conditions. Additionally, we measured 2 sexually dimorphic adult morphological traits in 6 sampled lines and investigated correlations in the sexual dimorphism patterns with the 2 developmental traits. The abundance of genetic variation in sexual dimorphism for D. melanogaster developmental traits demonstrated in this study provides evidence for a high degree of evolvability of sex differences in preadult traits in natural populations.
Investigating genomic prediction strategies for grain carotenoid traits in a tropical/subtropical maize panel
Authors: LaPorte Mary-Francis , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Hannok Pattama , Koide Akiyoshi , Bradbury Peter , Crossa José , Palacios-Rojas Natalia , Diepenbrock Christine Helen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency remains prevalent on a global scale, including in regions where maize constitutes a high percentage of human diets. One solution for alleviating this deficiency has been to increase grain concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.)—an example of biofortification. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) developed a Carotenoid Association Mapping panel of 380 inbred lines adapted to tropical and subtropical environments that have varying grain concentrations of provitamin A and other health-beneficial carotenoids. Several major genes have been identified for these traits, 2 of which have particularly been leveraged in marker-assisted selection. This project assesses the predictive ability of several genomic prediction strategies for maize grain carotenoid traits within and between 4 environments in Mexico. Ridge Regression-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, Elastic Net, and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces had high predictive abilities for all tested traits (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, provitamin A, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and outperformed Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. Furthermore, predictive abilities were higher when using genome-wide markers rather than only the markers proximal to 2 or 13 genes. These findings suggest that genomic prediction models using genome-wide markers (and assuming equal variance of marker effects) are worthwhile for these traits even though key genes have already been identified, especially if breeding for additional grain carotenoid traits alongside β-carotene. Predictive ability was maintained for all traits except lutein in between-environment prediction. The TASSEL (Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution, and Linkage) Genomic Selection plugin performed as well as other more computationally intensive methods for within-environment prediction. The findings observed herein indicate the utility of genomic prediction methods for these traits and could inform their resource-efficient implementation in biofortification breeding programs.
COP9 signalosome component CSN-5 stabilizes PUF proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans germline stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Osterli Emily , Ellenbecker Mary , Wang Xiaobo , Terzo Mikaya , Jacobson Ketch , Cuello DeAnna , Voronina Ekaterina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
RNA-binding proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 (FBFs) are required for germline stem cell maintenance and the sperm/oocyte switch in Caenorhabditis elegans, although the mechanisms controlling FBF protein levels remain unknown. We identified an interaction between both FBFs and CSN-5), a component of the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome best known for its role in regulating protein degradation. Here, we find that the Mpr1/Pad1 N-terminal metalloprotease domain of CSN-5 interacts with the Pumilio and FBF RNA-binding domain of FBFs and the interaction is conserved for human homologs CSN5 and PUM1. The interaction between FBF-2 and CSN-5 can be detected in vivo by proximity ligation. csn-5 mutation results in the destabilization of FBF proteins, which may explain previously observed decrease in the numbers of germline stem and progenitor cells, and disruption of oogenesis. The loss of csn-5 does not decrease the levels of a related PUF protein PUF-3, and csn-5(lf) phenotype is not enhanced by fbf-1/2 knockdown, suggesting that the effect is specific to FBFs. The effect of csn-5 on oogenesis is largely independent of the COP9 signalosome and is cell autonomous. Surprisingly, the regulation of FBF protein levels involves a combination of COP9-dependent and COP9-independent mechanisms differentially affecting FBF-1 and FBF-2. This work supports a previously unappreciated role for CSN-5 in the stabilization of germline stem cell regulatory proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2.
Analysing the impact of SWOT observation errors on marine gravity recovery
Authors: Sun Mingzhi , Feng Wei , Yu Daocheng , Chen Xiaodong , Liang Weixuan , Zhong Min 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
The wide-swath altimeter satellite Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) will provide high spatiotemporal resolution sea surface heights (SSHs), which is crucial for studying the impact of observation errors on marine gravity recovery. This study uses simulated SWOT data to derive deflection of the vertical (DOV) and gravity anomalies in the northern South China Sea. We quantified the impact of SWOT errors on DOV and gravity anomalies, and analysed the contributions from different directions of geoid gradient. The results show that the geoid gradient in the cross-track direction significantly improves gravity field recovery by enhancing the precision of east component of DOV. For one-cycle SWOT observations, phase errors emerge as the most impactful error affecting both DOV and gravity anomalies, followed by random errors. 2-D Gaussian filtering and the tilt correction proposed in this study could effectively mitigate their impact. Using the corrected data for DOV computation, the precision in the east and north components improves by 75.32 and 46.80 per cent, respectively, while enhancing the accuracy of the gravity field by 70.23 per cent. For 17-cycle data, phase errors and random errors remain the predominant factors affecting DOV and gravity anomalies, but their impact diminishes with an increase in SWOT observations. Our results indicate that marine gravity accuracy improves by approximately 70 per cent compared to a single cycle. Whether for single-cycle or multicycle data, the impact of phase errors is roughly twice that of random errors. These data processing strategies can serve as valuable references for wide-swath altimeter data processing, aiming to advance the precision and resolution of marine gravity field recovery.
BLUPmrMLM: A Fast mrMLM Algorithm in Genome-wide Association Studies
Authors: Li Hong-Fu , Wang Jing-Tian , Zhao Qiong , Zhang Yuan-Ming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multilocus genome-wide association study has become the state-of-the-art tool for dissecting the genetic architecture of complex and multiomic traits. However, most existing multilocus methods require relatively long computational time when analyzing large datasets. To address this issue, in this study, we proposed a fast mrMLM method, namely, best linear unbiased prediction multilocus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (BLUPmrMLM). First, genome-wide single-marker scanning in mrMLM was replaced by vectorized Wald tests based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values of marker effects and their variances in BLUPmrMLM. Then, adaptive best subset selection (ABESS) was used to identify potentially associated markers on each chromosome to reduce computational time when estimating marker effects via empirical Bayes. Finally, shared memory and parallel computing schemes were used to reduce the computational time. In simulation studies, BLUPmrMLM outperformed GEMMA, EMMAX, mrMLM, and FarmCPU as well as the control method (BLUPmrMLM with ABESS removed), in terms of computational time, power, accuracy for estimating quantitative trait nucleotide positions and effects, false positive rate, false discovery rate, false negative rate, and F1 score. In the reanalysis of two large rice datasets, BLUPmrMLM significantly reduced the computational time and identified more previously reported genes, compared with the aforementioned methods. This study provides an excellent multilocus model method for the analysis of large-scale and multiomic datasets. The software mrMLM v5.1 is available at BioCode (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tool/BT007388) or GitHub (https://github.com/YuanmingZhang65/mrMLM).
Risk of Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Interleukin-Targeting Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ouranos Konstantinos , Saleem Hira , Vassilopoulos Stephanos , Vassilopoulos Athanasios , Mylona Evangelia K , Shehadeh Fadi , Kalligeros Markos , Abraham Bincy P , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to assess the cumulative incidence and risk of infection in patients with IBD treated with interleukin (IL)-targeting agents.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials including patients with IBD receiving IL-targeting agents compared with patients receiving placebo or treatment that only differed from the intervention arm in the absence of an IL-targeting agent. The primary outcome of interest was the relative risk (RR) of any-grade and severe infection during the induction phase.

Results
There was no difference in risk of any-grade (RR, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-1.09) or severe (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.10) infection in patients receiving any IL-targeting agent compared with the control group. During the maintenance period, the cumulative incidence of any-grade infection in patients receiving IL-12/23p40–targeting agents (mean follow-up 29 weeks) was 34.82% (95% CI, 26.78%-43.32%), while the cumulative incidence of severe infection was 3.07% (95% CI, 0.93%-6.21%). The cumulative incidence of any-grade infection in patients receiving IL-23p19–targeting agents (mean follow-up 40.9 weeks) was 32.16% (95% CI, 20.63%-44.88%), while the cumulative incidence of severe infection was 1.75% (95% CI, 0.60%-3.36%). During the maintenance phase of the included studies, the incidence of infection was 30.66% (95% CI, 22.12%-39.90%) for any-grade and 1.59% (95% CI, 0.76%-2.63%) for severe infection in patients in the control group.

Conclusions
There was no difference in risk of infection between patients with IBD who received IL-targeting agents compared with the control group. Case registries and randomized controlled trials reporting the safety of IL inhibitors should provide detailed information about the risk of specific infectious complications in patients with IBD receiving IL-targeting agents.
Comprehensive analysis and optimization of a low-carbon multi-generation system driven by municipal solid waste and solar thermal energy integrated with a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Wang Hanning , Song Mingxiao , Taghavi Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, a novel multi-generation plant is addressed and assessed from the energy, exergy, exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic points of view. The multi-generation plant is composed of two main units: one unit for energy production and another unit for carbon capture and methanol synthesis. Biomass fuel, solar energy and seawater are the main nutrients in the plant. Steam, Brayton, organic Rankine and Kalina cycles have been employed to generate electricity. A linear Fresnel collector-driven solar farm is considered as an auxiliary heat source. In addition, an integrated desalination unit based on a multi-effect desalination unit, a microbial fuel cell and a reverse osmosis unit has been installed in the multi-generation plant. The proposed structure for the offered multi-generation plant is designed under a new configuration and layout that had not been reported in the publications. From the outcomes, the multi-generation plant can produce 69.6 MW of net electricity, 0.53 kg/s of methanol, 0.81 kg/s of oxygen gas, 73.8 kg/s of fresh water and ~0.015 kg/s of hydrogen gas. Under such performance, the offered multi-generation plant can be 51.72 and 27.5% efficient from the points of view of energy and exergy, respectively. Further, the total cost rate and environmental impact of the plant are ~3378 US$/h and 294.1 mPts/s, respectively. A comparative analysis is developed to exhibit the superiority of the planned multi-generation plant. A five-objective optimization is also developed to achieve the optimum design data and outcomes of the plant.
Assessment of renewable energy hosting capacity in distribution networks considering demand-side management and network reconfiguration
Authors: Ye Gaoxiang , Yang Jie , Xia Fangzhou , Shao Feifan , Xu Jingyou , Chen Ke , Tang Jing , Zhou Yujie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A renewable energy carrying capacity assessment method for distribution grids considering demand-side management (DSM) and network reconfiguration (NR) was proposed. First, a DSM and NR model applicable to the renewable energy carrying capacity (NECC) assessment of the distribution network (DN) was established; second, an NECC evaluation model for DN considering DSM and NR was established with the aim of maximizing the access capacity of distributed new energies; second, the second-order conical relaxation method was applied to convex solve the model; third, the simulation example adopts an improved IEEE 33-node DN to evaluate the NECC of system with various scenarios. Finally, the simulation experiment based on improved IEEE 33-node DN was conducted to assess the distributed NECC of the system in some scenarios.
Unrecognizing Refugees: The Inadmissibility Scheme Replacing Article 1F Decisions in Canada
Authors: Doğar Didem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article examines the interwoven relationship between article 1F (the exclusion provision) of the 1951 Refugee Convention and the inadmissibility scheme based on the grounds of security, violation of human or international rights, serious criminality, or organized criminality (SHSO) in Canada. Incorporating evidence from a literature review, case law, statistics, and interviews conducted with practitioners in Canada, this research demonstrates that Canada deliberately chooses to review the cases of refugee claimants about whom there are serious reasons to consider that they have committed grave crimes under the inadmissibility scheme rather than under article 1F. Accordingly, the article argues that the exclusion provision in Canada, through practice and with an intentional design, has turned into the inadmissibility proceeding. This shift from the exclusion provision to the inadmissibility scheme is problematic since using the broader SHSO grounds instead of article 1F violates Canada’s international obligations under the Refugee Convention.
Could Less Be More? Accounting for Fractional-Dose Regimens and Different Number of Vaccine Doses When Measuring the Impact of the RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine
Authors: Westercamp Nelli , Osei-Tutu Lawrence , Schuerman Lode , Kariuki Simon K , Bollaerts Anne , Lee Cynthia K , Samuels Aaron M , Ockenhouse Christian , Bii Dennis K , Adjei Samuel , Oneko Martina , Lievens Marc , Attobrah Sarfo Maame Anima , Atieno Cecilia , Bakari Ashura , Sang Tony , Kotoh-Mortty Maame Fremah , Otieno Kephas , Roman François , Buabeng Patrick Boakye Yiadom , Ntiamoah Yaw , Ansong Daniel , Agbenyega Tsiri , Ofori-Anyinam Opokua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The RTS,S/AS01E (RTS,S) malaria vaccine is recommended for children in malaria endemic areas. This phase 2b trial evaluates RTS,S fractional- and full-dose regimens in Ghana and Kenya.

Methods
In total, 1500 children aged 5–17 months were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to receive RTS,S or rabies control vaccine. RTS,S groups received 2 full RTS,S doses at months 0 and 1 and either full (groups R012-20, R012-14-26) or fractional doses (one-fifth; groups Fx012-14-26, Fx017-20-32).

Results
At month 32 post-dose 1, vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria (all episodes) ranged from 38% (R012-20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 24%–49%) to 53% (R012-14-26; 95% CI: 42%–62%). Vaccine impact (cumulative number of cases averted/1000 children vaccinated) was 1344 (R012-20), 2450 (R012-14-26), 2273 (Fx012-14-26), and 2112 (Fx017-20-32). To account for differences in vaccine volume (fractional vs full dose; post hoc analysis), we estimated cases averted/1000 RTS,S full-dose equivalents: 336 (R012-20), 490 (R012-14-26), 874 (Fx012-14-26), and 880 (Fx017-20-32).

Conclusions
Vaccine efficacy was similar across RTS,S groups. Vaccine impact accounting for full-dose equivalence suggests that using fractional-dose regimens could be a viable dose-sparing strategy. If maintained through trial end, these observations underscore the means to reduce cost per regimen thus maximizing impact and optimizing supply.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03276962 (ClinicalTrials.gov).