bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiquantitative analysis of isomeric oligosaccharides by negative‐ion mode UV‐MALDI TOF postsource decay mass spectrometry and their fragmentation mechanism study at N‐acetyl hexosamine moiety
Authors: Yamagaki Tohru , Suzuki Hiroaki , Tachibana Kazuo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPostsource decay (PSD) spectra of isomeric neutral lactooligosaccharide mixtures were measured from the chlorinated molecules [M + Cl]− by negative‐ion mode ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UV‐MALDI TOF MS) to estimate quantitatively the mixing ratios in their mixtures. The PSD ions specific to each isomeric structure were used to distinguish the linkage and branching isomers, and the molar ratios of the isomers were estimated from their ion abundances. The relative ion abundances changed linearly in the PSD spectra of the mixtures of the isomers as their molar ratio was varied in the analyte solutions. Therefore, the molar ratios of the isomers in the analyte mixtures could be estimated semiquantitatively. In addition, we studied their fragmentation mechanisms in N‐acetyl hexosamines such as GlcNAc, which enabled us to quantitatively analyze the structures of the isomers of lactooligosaccharides. The conjugated systems elongate in the chemical species of the Z‐type fragmentation on the 3‐linked GlcNAc owing to the acetoamido groups at the C‐2 positions, which made the chemical species of the Z‐type ions stable. The glycosyl bonds of the front of GlcNAc cleaved easily as a C‐type fragmentation because the negative charge at the anomeric position could be delocalized to the carbonyl oxygen atom at the acetoamido group of GlcNAc. These factors caused the stabilization of the chemical species of the C/Z fragment ions produced by the double cleavage around GlcNAc. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix effects on accurate mass measurements of low‐molecular weight compounds using liquid chromatography‐electrospray‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Calbiani F. , Careri M. , Elviri L. , Mangia A. , Zagnoni I. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLiquid chromatography (LC) with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) represents a powerful technique for the identification and/or confirmation of small molecules, i.e. drugs, metabolites or contaminants, in different matrices. However, reliability of analyte identification by HRMS is being challenged by the uncertainty that affects the exact mass measurement. This parameter, characterized by accuracy and precision, is influenced by sample matrix and interferent compounds so that questions about how to develop and validate reliable LC‐HRMS‐based methods are being raised. Experimental approaches for studying the effects of various key factors influencing mass accuracy on low‐molecular weight compounds (MW < 150 Da) when using a quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass analyzer were described. Biogenic amines in human plasma were considered for the purpose and the effects of peak shape, ion abundance, resolution and data processing on accurate mass measurements of the analytes were evaluated. In addition, the influence of the matrix on the uncertainty associated with their identification and quantitation is discussed.A critical evaluation on the calculation of the limits of detection was carried out, considering the uncertainty associated with exact mass measurement of HRMS‐based methods. The minimum concentration level of the analytes that was able to provide a statistical error lower than 5 ppm in terms of precision was 10 times higher than those calculated with S/N = 3, thus suggesting the importance of considering both components of exact mass measurement uncertainty in the evaluation of the limit of detection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Norman Regional Hospital's magnetic culture attracts employees, pleases customers, and keeps the business healthy
Authors: Shockey Carolyn 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNormal Regional Hospital envisioned a new culture rooted in the premise that satisfied employees drive patient and physician satisfaction, which leads to business health. The five‐year culture transformation—a broad catalyst for changes in processes, programs, and relationships across the hospital—has benefited all stakeholders and is proving to be a robust model for managing a successful business. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What's your request?: Wyndham International's answer for transforming culture and enriching employees' experience
Authors: Heis Steve 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWyndham Hotels and Resorts was willing to bet that giving guests choices, not points, was the key to building loyalty. When that strategy paid big dividends, the company set out to extend the concept to its workforce by embedding personalization and choice into the work experience and enriching employees'lives in small and large ways. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Business without boundaries: Collaboration across organizations
Authors: Mankin Don , Cohen Susan G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe authors examine the joint efforts of Deere & Company, several of its dealers, and two technical colleges to develop and sustain programs for training service technicians. The case study offers some key principles for structuring, staffing, and managing complex multiorganizational collaborations to accomplish what a single organization cannot achieve alone. © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In situ SERS study of Rhodamine 6G adsorbed on individually immobilized Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Pristinski Denis , Tan Siliu , Erol Melek , Du Henry , Sukhishvili Svetlana 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe report a study on polymer‐mediated immobilization of non‐aggregated Ag nanoparticles on planar glass substrates and the resultant surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a model molecule. Ag colloidal solution with an average particle diameter of 70 nm was prepared by citrate reduction of AgNO3 using the Lee‐Meisel method, and subsequent fractionation by filtration. A self‐assembled polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) monolayer was employed as the intermediate polymer layer. We have shown that the coverage density of Ag nanoparticles on the glass substrates correlates with the amount of adsorbed PAH. This parameter can be easily controlled by varying the pH and ionic strength during polymer deposition. The highest coverage density was obtained for the polymer deposition from buffer solutions at pH 9.0, which additionally contained 0.25 M NaCl. The SERS‐active substrates were robust and stable in 0.5 M NaCl solutions, as well as under extreme acidic and basic conditions. The glass substrates with immobilized non‐aggregated Ag nanoparticles exhibited SERS enhancement and provided in situ detection sensitivity of R6G at 5 ppt level, with estimated surface coverage of two to four R6G molecules per silver particle. We found that adsorption of R6G in the presence of N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine‐N′‐(2‐ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer resulted in complete inhibition of photodecomposition of adsorbed R6G molecules. Studies of the effect of sodium chloride on the SERS activity of the glass substrates with individually attached nanoparticles showed that chloride anions resulted in a two to threefold increase in SERS intensity. Our approach has enabled the isolation of chloride‐activated SERS enhancement from contributions arising from nanoparticle aggregation. The observed SERS enhancement in salt solutions results from coadsorption of chloride ions by the silver surface, and manifests itself in changing of orientation of adsorbed R6G molecules. The observed enhancement was reversed by exposing the substrate to 514‐nm laser radiation, which resulted in the cleavage of AgCl bonds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the rise: India looks for leaders to key its expansion
Authors: Jenkins Joyce 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMuch has changed in India in the past ten years, and it is poised to emerge as a major player in the global economy. But many observers believe that India must further develop its leadership to fulfill its destiny. Here, the CEO of India's largest media conglomerate talks about the changes, choices, and challenges facing leaders in a nation on the brink.
Lyotropic Lamellar Polysiloxanes with Isomeric Amphiphilic Side Chains
Authors: Burgemeister Daniel , Farrell Tony , Schmidt Claudia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: This paper presents the synthesis of two polymeric surfactants, consisting of a polysiloxane backbone with amphiphilic side chains of the nonionic oligo(ethylene oxide) type, and their phase behavior in aqueous solution, investigated by polarizing microscopy and deuterium NMR spectroscopy using D2O as a probe. Two different side chains, which are isomeric glycerol derivatives, were synthesized and attached to poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) by a hydrosilylation reaction, resulting in a tail‐type and a mid‐type polysurfactant. The side chains of the tail‐type system are fixed at the end of the hydrophobic moiety, whereas the side‐chains of the mid‐type system are tethered to the polymer backbone by a short spacer close to the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic junction of the amphiphile. Both polymers form a lamellar phase in aqueous solution over a wide range of concentrations, whereas the side chain precursors do not form lyomesophases. The cloud curve and the lamellar region are observed at lower temperatures in the mid‐type polysurfactant.Structures of the isomeric polymers forming lamellar phases.magnified imageStructures of the isomeric polymers forming lamellar phases.
Electronic Structure and Doping Behavior of PANI‐NSA Nanofibers Investigated by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: do Nascimento Gustavo M. , Silva Claudio H. B. , Temperini Marcia L. A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: Polyaniline nanofibers (from 93 to 220 nm) doped with β‐naphtalenesulfonic acid (PANI‐NSA) have been characterized. Nonhomogeneity in the thickness of fibers, as can be seen with scanning electron microscopy, is the reason for their instability under the HCl doping process. Resonance Raman spectral profiles of PANI‐NSA fibers suggest a lower protonation state than the emeraldine salt forms. Observation of Raman bands, which are a result of cross‐linking, confirms that one of the properties of the polymeric structure formed in micellar polymerization is the type of connection between chains.
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Well‐Defined Flexible Polyelectrolytes with Two Cationic Sites per Monomeric Unit
Authors: Mountrichas Grigoris , Mantzaridis Christos , Pispas Stergios 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: Well‐defined flexible, annealed, and quenched polyelectrolytes with two cationic sites per monomeric unit are synthesized. The synthetic scheme involves the synthesis of narrowly distributed poly(p‐tert‐butoxystyrene) precursors by anionic polymerization high vacuum techniques, hydrolysis to poly(p‐hydroxystyrene), and subsequent quantitative functionalization by a Mannich‐type reaction, to yield annealed polyelectrolytes with two dimethylamino groups per monomer. In a last step, the dimethylamino groups are converted into quaternary ammonium salts by reaction with methyl iodide to give high‐charge‐density quenched cationic polyelectrolytes. The polymers are molecularly characterized by NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy, while their solution behavior is studied by potentiometric titrations, turbidimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy as a function of pH, in the case of the annealed polyelectrolytes, as well as by viscometry in the case of the quenched polyelectrolytes.Schematic diagram of the synthesis of the polyelectrolytes.magnified imageSchematic diagram of the synthesis of the polyelectrolytes.
Redox‐Responsive Hydrogel System Using the Molecular Recognition of β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Tomatsu Itsuro , Hashidzume Akihito , Harada Akira 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: We have successfully constructed a redox‐responsible hydrogel system by combination of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), dodecyl‐modified poly(acrylic acid) [p(AA/C12)], and a redox‐responsive guest, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA). In the reduced state of FCA, the ternary mixture exhibited a gel‐like behavior, whereas, in its oxidized state, the mixture exhibited a sol behavior.Conceptual illustration for the redox‐responsive hydrogel system.magnified imageConceptual illustration for the redox‐responsive hydrogel system.
Preparation of Arabinoxylan and its Sorption on Bacterial Cellulose During Cultivation
Authors: Winter Heiko , Barakat Abdellatif , Cathala Bernard , Saake Bodo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe sorption of arabinoxylan (AX) on bacterial cellulose was investigated by adding AX to the culture medium of Gluconacetobacter xylinus. The starting AX material was produced by alkaline extraction of oat spelts. To investigate the impact of varying AX quality, the residual lignin was reduced by ClO2 bleaching. Furthermore, bleached and unbleached xylans were subjected to xylanase hydrolysis in order to produce fractions of varying molar mass. Of all samples only the water soluble fractions were used for sorption experiments. A reduced molar mass resulted in a lower sorption of AX to the cellulose, while the lignin content increased the sorption of AX on bacterial cellulose. The sorption of AX resulted in a reduction of bacterial cellulose crystallinity and cellulose Iα content. In combined treatments of AX with xyloglucan and β‐glucan no synergistic effect of those polysaccharides on the AX sorption was found.
Role of Hemicelluloses in the Formation of Chromophores During Heat Treatment of Bleached Chemical Pulps
Authors: Beyer Mario , Koch Helmut , Fischer Klaus 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe heat‐induced colour formation of TCF‐ and ECF‐bleached chemical pulps has been investigated. Partial hydrolysis of the pulps and analysis of the carboxyl content of the pulps and hydrolysed matter were carried out. It was found that the yellowing tendency of the pulps corresponds to the content of hydrolysable substances. The hydrolysis leads to a considerable removal of the carboxyl groups in the case of hardwood pulps. Differences between softwood and hardwood pulps are discussed in terms of their hemicellulose content. The yellowed pulps were extracted and the extracts were analysed by different NMR and mass spectrometric techniques. Structures of low molecular products were elucidated and the routes of their formation were proposed. The results suggest that the yellowing proceeds in two main steps, i.e. decay of unstable polysaccharide chains such as hemicelluloses to low molecular carbohydrate compounds that subsequently undergo dehydration and condensation reactions to form coloured products.
Effect of Glucuronoxylan on the Hornification of Eucalyptus globulus Bleached Pulps
Authors: Rebuzzi Felipe , Evtuguin Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe effect of 4‐O‐methylglucuronoxylan (GX) on the hornification of bleached kraft and acid sulphite Eucalyptus globulus chemical pulps has been investigated. Almost straight‐line dependence of kraft pulp hornification from GX content was explained through the diminishing of fibrils aggregation and better accessibility of amorphous cellulose regions to water in GX enriched pulps. The higher hornification of sulphite than kraft pulp was assigned to lower GX content in the former and to unfavourable rearrangement of cellulose molecules in crystalline and amorphous regions during acid sulphite pulping.
Subjective report versus objective measurement of activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shulman Lisa M. , Pretzer‐Aboff Ingrid , Anderson Karen E. , Stevenson Rashida , Vaughan Christopher G. , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Reich Stephen G. , Weiner William J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe compared subjective self‐reports with objective performance ratings of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and identified variables associated with discordance of ratings between these two methods. Seventy‐six PD patients completed a modified Older Americans Resources and Services scale, assessing ADLs and IADLs. These results were compared with structured performance tests of walking, eating, dressing, money, and medicine management administered in the clinic. Patient performance was rated on a five‐point Likert‐type scale, ranging from 1 = no difficulty to 5 = completely unable to perform task. Significant differences were found between patients and clinicians' ratings on all tasks except walking. On the other four tasks, paired group t tests showed that patients reported better function compared with the clinician rating of medication management (1.33 vs. 2.80), eating (1.53 vs. 1.76), dressing (1.64 vs. 1.86), and managing money (1.44 vs. 2.06). A discrepancy was found between patients subjective reporting of ADL and IADL function and objective ratings. Patients overestimated their function on four of five tasks. Further study is necessary to identify whether subjective or objective performance ratings are more reflective of actual daily function. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Schauder estimates for solutions to a mixed boundary value problem for the Stokes system in polyhedral domains
Authors: Maz'ya V. G. , Rossmann J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA mixed boundary value problem for the Stokes system in a polyhedral domain is considered. The authors prove the existence of solutions in weighted and non‐weighted Hölder spaces and obtain regularity results for the solutions. The results are essentially based on estimates of the Green's matrix. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of linker histone H1FOO during bovine in vitro embryo development
Authors: McGraw Serge , Vigneault Christian , Tremblay Karine , Sirard Marc‐André 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLinker histones H1 are involved in various mechanisms, such as chromatin organization and gene transcription. In different organisms, a unique subtype can be found in the oocyte, however its function remains unclear. To assess the potential involvement of this oocyte linker histone (H1FOO) in chromatin modulation, we have cloned and sequenced the bovine H1FOO cDNA and followed its mRNA profile by quantitative RT‐PCR in the oocyte and throughout bovine early embryo development. The highest level of mRNA was found in the germinal vesicle (GV) oocyte and diminished constantly throughout embryo development. In the 16‐cell embryo and blastocyst, respectively, the mRNA levels were 200 and 2,000 times lower than in the GV oocyte. A specific antibody raised against bovine H1FOO was used to establish protein distribution in the oocyte and preimplantation embryo by immunocytochemistry. In the GV and metaphase II (MII) oocyte, as well as in the 1‐, 2‐ and 4‐cell embryo, H1FOO was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The protein was uniformly spread within the cytoplasm, while it was concentrated onto the chromatin in the nucleus. In the 8‐ to 16‐cell embryo, H1FOO's presence diminished in the cytoplasm, although it was still strongly expressed in nucleus. In the morula and blastocyst stages, the protein was totally lacking. By its position on chromatin, H1FOO could not only be involved in chromatin conformation but could also participate in activation or repression of genes during oogenesis and embryo development before embryonic genome activation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated in vivo segmentation of carotid plaque MRI with Morphology‐Enhanced probability maps
Authors: Liu Fei , Xu Dongxiang , Ferguson Marina S. , Chu Baocheng , Saam Tobias , Takaya Norihide , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun , Kerwin William S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMRI is a promising noninvasive technique for characterizing atherosclerotic plaque composition in vivo, with an end‐goal of assessing plaque vulnerability. Because of limitations arising from acquisition time, achievable resolution, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, patient motion, and the effects of blood flow, automatically identifying plaque composition remains a challenging task in vivo. In this article, a segmentation method using maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian theory is presented that divides axial, multi‐contrast‐weighted images into regions of necrotic core, calcification, loose matrix, and fibrous tissue. Key advantages of the method are that it utilizes morphologic information, such as local wall thickness, and coupled active contours to limit the impact from noise and artifacts associated with in vivo imaging. In experiments involving 142 sets of multi‐contrast images from 26 subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy, segmented areas of each of these tissues per slice agreed with histologically confirmed areas with correlations (R2) of 0.78, 0.83, 0.41, and 0.82, respectively. In comparison, manually identifying areas blinded to histology yielded correlations of 0.71, 0.76, 0.33, and 0.78, respectively. These results show that in vivo automatic segmentation of carotid MRI is feasible and comparable to or possibly more accurate than manual review for quantifying plaque composition. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue specificity of nonlinear dynamics in baseline fMRI
Authors: Deshpande Gopikrishna , LaConte Stephen , Peltier Scott , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this work, recent advances in the field of nonlinear dynamics (NLD) were applied to fMRI data to examine the spatio‐temporal properties of BOLD resting state fluctuations. Five human subjects were imaged during resting state (visual fixation) at 3T using single‐shot gradient echo planar imaging (EPI). Respiration and cardiac signals were concurrently recorded for retrospectively removing fluctuations due to these physiologic activities. Patterns of singularity in the complex plane (PSC) and Lempel‐Ziv complexity (LZ) were used to study the deterministic nonlinearity in resting state fMRI data. The results show that there is greater nonlinearity (higher PSC) and determinism (lower LZ) in gray matter compared to white matter and CSF. In addition, the removal of respiratory and cardiac pulsations decreases the nonlinearity and determinism but does not alter the relative difference between gray matter and white matter. Therefore, our results demonstrate that determinism and nonlinearity in the fMRI data are tissue‐specific, suggesting that they reflect native physiologic and metabolic fluctuations and are not a result of physiologic artifacts due to respiration and cardiac pulsation. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency‐dependent conduction block in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Watson Bradley V. , Brown William F. , Doherty Timothy J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFrequency‐dependent conduction block (FDB) across segments of demyelination in response to high‐frequency nerve stimulation has been well demonstrated in animals and has been explored in humans. However, attempts to demonstrate this phenomenon in sensory fibers involved in entrapment neuropathies have been unsuccessful. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high‐frequency nerve stimulation in the median motor nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with moderate to severely increased distal motor terminal latencies (MTL). As a group, the mean decrease in negative peak amplitude (npAmp) during 20 stimuli at 30‐HZ frequency was significantly greater in CTS subjects (−11.3%) than in controls (+7.9%). The degree of FDB was greater when MTL was more prolonged (i.e., −4.9% at 5.0 ms and −25.3% at 9.4 ms) and FDB was more pronounced at higher stimulation frequencies (20 and 30 HZ). Our results suggest that the safety margin for impulse transmission is impaired in the motor axons of patients with a focal demyelinating lesion. These findings may correlate with the observation of weakness in the absence of conduction block in patients with entrapment neuropathies. Muscle Nerve, 2006