bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical‐scale investigation of stable isotopes in human blood: δ13C and δ15N from 406 patients at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Authors: Kraft Rebecca A. , Jahren A. Hope , Saudek Christopher D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective chemical biomarkers are needed in clinical studies of diet‐related diseases to supplement subjective self‐reporting methods. We report on several critical experiments for the development of clinically legitimate dietary stable isotope biomarkers within human blood. Our examination of human blood revealed the following: (1) Within blood clot and serum from anonymous individuals (201 males, 205 females) we observed: mean serum δ13C = −19.1 ± 0.8‰ (standard deviation, SD); clot, −19.3 ± 0.8‰ (SD); range = −15.8‰ to −23.4‰. Highly statistically significant differences are observed between clot and serum, males and females for both clot and serum. For 15N (n = 206), mean serum = +8.8 ± 0.5‰ (SD); clot +7.4 ± 0.4‰ (SD); range = +6.3‰ to +10.5‰. Blood serum is enriched in 15N relative to blood clot by +1.4‰ on average, which may reflect differing protein amino acid content. Serum nitrogen is statistically significantly different for males and females, however, clot shows no statistical difference. (2) Relative to clot, capillary blood is marginally different for 13C, but not 15N. Clot 13C is not significantly different from serum; however, it is depleted in 15N by 1.5‰ relative to serum. (3) We assessed the effect of blood additives (sodium fluoride and polymerized acrylamide resin) and laboratory process (autoclaving, freeze drying) commonly used to preserve or prepare venous blood. On average, no alteration in δ13C or δ15N is detected compared with unadulterated blood from the same individual. (4) Storage of blood with and without the additives described above for a period of up to 115 days exhibits statistically significant differences for 13C and 15N for sodium fluoride. However, storage for unadulterated blood and blood preserved with polymerized acrylamide resin does not change the δ13C or δ15N isotopic composition of the blood in a significant way. With these experiments, we gain a clinical context for future development of a stable isotope based dietary biomarker. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New interacting partners of the F‐box protein Ufo1 of yeast
Authors: Baranes‐Bacher Keren , Khalaila Isam , Ivantsiv Yelena , Lavut Anna , Voloshin Olga , Raveh Dina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe yeast F‐box protein Ufo1 recruits proteins for ubiquitylation by the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex preparing them for proteasomal degradation. Ufo1 has a role in maintenance of genome stability; its substrates include Ho endonuclease and Rad30 polymerase of error‐prone DNA repair. Ufo1 is an unusual F‐box protein, as it has three ubiquitin interacting motifs (UIMs). Deletion of the genomic UIMs is lethal; ectopic expression of UFO1ΔUIMs extends protein half‐life and arrests the cell cycle. A whole‐genome study employing a TAP tag fused to the C‐terminal UIMs did not identify Ufo1‐interacting proteins. Here we therefore used stabilized N‐terminally tagged Ufo1ΔUIM as a strategy to identify Ufo1‐interacting proteins by mass spectroscopy. We identified proteins that function in transcription, and an indirect interaction with Hsp70 molecular chaperones via the Skp1 adaptor; we also show that Ufo1 interacts with the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome. Thus, our data augment the current network of known Ufo1 interacting proteins. We show directly that the UIMs are crucial for Ufo1 ubiquitylation in vivo, indicating that they facilitate turnover of SCFUfo1 complexes. This allows recycling of the core subunits of the SCF complex and cell cycle progression. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of endogenous Snf1 and its activation state: application to Saccharomyces and Candida species
Authors: Orlova Marianna , Barrett LaKisha , Kuchin Sergei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe stress‐response Snf1 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a powerful model for studies of the eukaryotic Snf1/AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) family. Central to studies of Snf1 are methods that determine its activation state under various physiological and genetic conditions. Here, we have developed a convenient and sensitive method for immunoblot analysis of endogenous yeast Snf1 and its activation‐loop threonine (Thr210) phosphorylation. The method employs readily obtainable reagents and yields results that faithfully reflect the environmental and genetic conditions tested. Using our method, we have obtained evidence that Snf1 remains stress‐regulated in reg1Δ cells, revealing the existence of a Snf1 signalling mechanism(s) that is independent of Reg1–PP1 phosphatase. In addition to strains of common laboratory S. cerevisiae backgrounds, we have applied the method to two pathogenic Candida species, C. glabrata and C. albicans. We have detected proteins whose gel mobilities, immune properties and regulation patterns are consistent with those expected for the corresponding Snf1 homologues. Because Snf1 activation is a sensitive marker of several types of stress, including artifactual stresses associated with common cell harvesting and protein extraction procedures, the convenient and efficient protein extraction method described here should be advantageous for SDS–PAGE and immunoblot analyses of stress‐regulated and other proteins from various yeast species. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retroacetabular osteolytic lesions behind well-fixed prosthetic cups: pilot study of bearings-retaining surgery
Authors: Pierannunzii Luca , Fischer Florian , d’Imporzano Marco 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundOsteolytic lesions are common radiological findings behind acetabular prosthetic cups. If the cup is well-fixed, the management is quite controversial. Although implant exchange is the most reliable procedure, in most cases it could be considered overtreatment, with the potential for further morbidity and bone loss. Liner exchange associated with lesion debridement and grafting represents an alternative option that is less invasive. Here we present our experiences from a small pilot study of minimally invasive osteolysis treatment without bearings exchange in patients with no evidence of liner wear.Materials and methodsInclusion criteria: retroacetabular osteolytic lesions in ceramic-on-polyethylene or metal-on-polyethylene cementless total hip arthroplasties, affecting more than 50% of the bone–prosthesis interface on anteroposterior radiography. Exclusion criteria: head penetration into the liner, suspected loosening or infection. Six patients were selected, two asymptomatic and four symptomatic. Only the symptomatic patients accepted the proposed treatment (performed between June 2004 and March 2006). All of them received fluoroscopy-assisted lesion debridement through an iliac cortical window, morcellized bone allograft mixed with autologous platelet-rich plasma, joint exploration for culture and lavage through a small capsular window. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically at six months, 12 months, and then yearly.ResultsThree patients out of four showed clinical and radiological improvement. One showed radiological improvement only, and recently underwent cup exchange for subsequent loosening. The visual analog scale (VAS) values for pain decreased on average, but not significantly. No major complications occurred. No recurrence was noted at 2.25- years-follow-up.ConclusionsAlthough the small series does not allow any absolute conclusions to be drawn, the reported results seem to justify further, wider studies. It is still unclear if osteolytic lesions associated with no wear of the poly liner would progress to implant failure if left untreated. Until the problem is better understood, this procedure might represent an interesting way to prevent potential loosening and severe bone loss in intact sockets.
Rapid resolution of femoral head osteonecrosis after rotational acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Nozawa Masahiko , Matsuda Keiji , Maezawa Katsuhiko , Kim Sungon , Maeda Kouichi , Ikegami Takashi , Kubota Reiko , Hayashi Kentaro , Nagayama Masataka , Kaneko Haruka 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe natural history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is generally thought to be one of progressive deterioration if no intervention is undertaken. However, it is unknown whether surgical intervention is beneficial for patients with a small region of osteonecrosis. We observed rapid improvement of MRI findings after rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) was performed in a young patient with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The band-like low signal area on T2-weighted images almost resolved by six months after surgery. He returned to work as an electrician by six months after surgery. Early surgical intervention such as RAO that alters the mechanical force acting on the necrotic region of the femoral head may accelerate the recovery of osteonecrosis and the improvement of symptoms.
Acculturation Among Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of Host and Immigrant Adolescents
Authors: Hsiao James , Wittig Michele Andrisin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study compares Latino host, Latino immigrant, Asian‐American host, Asian‐American immigrant and European‐American host groups of adolescents with respect to four acculturation‐related variables: ethnic identity exploration, ethnic identity affirmation/belonging, outgroup orientation, and American identity. Using the five ethno‐generational categories as a grouping variable, we conducted analyses of 313 survey responses to the acculturation items at two time periods, 9 weeks apart. Results showed that differences among the three host racial/ethnic groups can best be explained by a group dominance perspective, whereby the two racial/ethnic minority groups are more similar to each other than they are to the European‐American group. Furthermore, the relationship between American identity and ethnic identity components is stronger among the three host groups, as compared to the immigrant groups. Implications for future research with adolescent members of the host group whose heritage culture is non‐European are drawn.
Synthesis and Tribological Properties of WSe2Nanorods
Authors: Yang Jinghai , Yao Haixia , Liu Yanqing , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The WSe2nanorods were synthesized via solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffractometer, TEM, and HRTEM. The results indicated the WSe2compounds had rod-like structures with diameters of 10–50 nm and lengths of 100–400 nm, and the growth process of WSe2nanorods was discussed on the basis of the experimental facts. The tribological properties of WSe2nanorods as additives in HVI500 base oil were investigated by UMT-2 multispecimen tribotester. Under the determinate conditions, the friction coefficient of the base oil containing WSe2nanorods was lower than that of the base oil, and decreased with increasing mass fraction of WSe2nanorods when it was <7 wt.%. Moreover, the base oil with the additives was rather suited to high load and high rotating speed. A combination of rolling friction, sliding friction, and stable tribofilm on the rubbing surface could explain the good friction and wear properties of WSe2nanorods as additives.
Investigation on Photovoltaic Performance based on Matchstick-Like Cu2S–In2S3Heterostructure Nanocrystals and Polymer
Authors: Tang Aiwei , Teng Feng , Wang Yan , Hou Yanbing , Han Wei , Yi Luoxin , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized a novel type II cuprous sulfide (Cu2S)–indium sulfide (In2S3) heterostructure nanocrystals with matchstick-like morphology in pure dodecanethiol. The photovoltaic properties of the heterostructure nanocrystals were investigated based on the blends of the nanocrystals and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexoxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). In comparison with the photovoltaic properties of the blends of Cu2S or In2S3nanocrystals alone and MEH-PPV, the power conversion efficiency of the hybrid device based on blend of Cu2S–In2S3and MEH-PPV is enhanced by ~3–5 times. This improvement is consistent with the improved exciton dissociation or separation and better charge transport abilities in type II heterostructure nanocrystals.
Fabrication and Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate-Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposites
Authors: George JinuJacob , Bhowmick Anil K 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is one of the stiffest materials produced commercially, having excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The reinforcement of rubbery matrices by CNFs was studied in the case of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The tensile strength was greatly (61%) increased, even for very low fiber content (i.e., 1.0 wt.%). The surface modification of the fiber by high energy electron beam and gamma irradiation led to better dispersion in the rubber matrix. This in turn gave rise to further improvements in mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of EVA. The thermal conductivity also exhibited improvements from that of the neat elastomer, although thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not significantly altered by the functionalization of CNFs. Various results were well supported by the morphological analysis of the nanocomposites.
From self‐control capabilities and the need to control others to proactive and reactive aggression among adolescents
Authors: Winstok Zeev 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the associations between aspects of control (self‐control capability and the need to control others) and forms of aggression (reactive and proactive). Data were derived from a structured questionnaire administered to 660 male and female adolescents with an average age of 14.99 years, from two urban schools in northern Israel. Findings demonstrate a negative association between the need to control others and the capability to control the self. Findings also show that proactive violence is especially associated with high need to control others, whereas reactive violence is linked more closely to low self‐control capability. The effects of gender and age on control and aggression factors are also shown. Findings are discussed on both the behavioral and the motivational levels.
Factors that adolescent males take into account in decisions about an unplanned pregnancy
Authors: Corkindale Carolyn J. , Condon John T. , Russell Alan , Quinlivan Julie A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLittle is known about what factors adolescent males consider important when making decisions concerning the resolution of an unplanned pregnancy with a teenage partner. Young men's influence on pregnancy outcome decisions can play an important part in the subsequent psychological adjustment of the female. The present report draws on data from a larger study with teenage males [Condon, J. T., Corkindale, C. J., Russell, A., & Quinlivan, J. A. (2006). Processes and factors underlying adolescent males' attitudes and decision‐making in relation to an unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 447–458], and extends the findings of that study.Using a 25‐item scale embedded in an electronic role‐play, data were obtained from 330 male Australian school students on their priorities and concerns in relation to possible outcomes of a partner's pregnancy.Common factors taken into account by almost the entire adolescent sample related to the negative effects of becoming a teenage father. The differences between participants were identified using cluster analysis, which produced three groupings. The majority group was characterised as ‘well‐balanced’ (80.6%), and the two minority groups as ‘unwilling/unready’ (10.9%) and ‘family‐centred’ (8.5%). Group membership was strongly predictive of the males' final decision regarding the hypothetical pregnancy outcome. Understanding adolescent attitudes and beliefs when faced with this decision may assist practitioners in their guidance of the young couple and help prevent negative psychological sequelae.
Modelling the effect of minor orthopaedic day surgery on patient mood at the early post-operative period: A prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Tsapakis Evangelia M. , Tsiridis Eleftherios , Hunter Alistair , Gamie Zakareya , Georgakarakos Nikolaos , Thomas Panos , Schizas Constantin , West Robert M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of minor orthopaedic day surgery (MiODS) on patient’s mood.MethodsA prospective population-based cohort study of 148 consecutive patients with age above 18 and less than 65, an American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) score of 1, and the requirement of general anaesthesia (GA) were included. The Medical Outcomes Study – Short Form 36 (SF-36), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used pre- and post-operatively.ResultsThe mean physical component score of SF-36 before surgery was 45.3 (SD = ±10.1) and 8 weeks following surgery was 44.9 (SD = ±11.04) [n= 148,p= 0.51, 95% CI = (−1.03 to 1.52)]. For the measurement of the changes in mood using BDI, BAI and SF-36, latent construct modelling was employed to increase validity. The covariance between mood pre- and post-operatively (cov = 69.44) corresponded to a correlation coefficient,r= 0.88 indicating that patients suffering a greater number of mood symptoms before surgery continue to have a greater number of symptoms following surgery. When the latent mood constructs were permitted to have different means the model fitted well withχ2(df = 1) = 0.86 for whichp= 0.77, thus the null hypothesis that MiODS has no effect on patient mood was rejected.ConclusionsMiODS affects patient mood which deteriorates at 8 weeks post-operatively regardless of the pre-operative patient mood state. More importantly patients suffering a greater number of mood symptoms before MiODS continue to have a greater number of symptoms following surgery.
The use of ziprasidone in clinical practice: Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects from data of a drug monitoring survey
Authors: Vogel Friederike , Gansmüller Reinhard , Leiblein Thomas , Dietmaier Otto , Wassmuth Hans , Gründer Gerhard , Hiemke Christoph 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study related clinical effects to daily doses and serum concentrations of ziprasidone by retrospective analysis of data from a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) survey established for patients treated with the new antipsychotic drug. In the total sample of 463 patients ziprasidone doses ranged between 20 and 320 mg/d and correlated significantly (r2= 0.093,P< 0.01) with serum concentrations. The latter were highly variable within and between individual patients (between patients median 67 ng/ml, 25–75th percentile 40–103 ng/ml). Pharmacokinetic interactions with comedication played a minor role. According to the clinical global impressions (CGI) scale most of the 348 patients who were under antipsychotic monotherapy with ziprasidone were either much or very much improved (43.3 and 17.3%, respectively). The previously proposed therapeutic range of 50–130 ng/ml ziprasidone in serum or plasma, which can in effect be used interchangeable, was confirmed. In patients who were at least much improved and defined as “responders” mean serum concentrations of ziprasidone were 80 ng/ml and 78 ng/ml in patients who did not reach this improvement score. In patients with serum levels above or below 50 ng/ml, the number of responders was 66 or 63%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was not significant (P= 0.375), and improvement or side effects did not correlate significantly (P> 0.05) with doses or serum levels. It is concluded that TDM of ziprasidone may be useful for treatment optimization because of highly variable serum concentrations resulting under therapeutically recommended doses of the drug.
Hot vs. cold cognitions and consumers' reactions to sporting event outcomes
Authors: Madrigal Robert 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCausal attribution and appraisal are two types of cognition that mediate how events influence emotional reactions. Whereas the former is a “cold” cognition that relies on fact‐based processing, the latter is a “hot” cognition that depends on how those facts affect personal well being. The current research investigates the relative contribution of attribution, primary appraisal (e.g., motivational relevance and goal congruence), and secondary appraisal (e.g., situational inferences affecting the intensity of an emotion) to four agent‐based emotions: anger, shame, gratitude, and pride. A sporting event context was selected because game information is objectively neutral and acquires meaning only when interpreted through a lens that favors a preferred team. Two studies are reported, each consisting of two independent data collections in which a target team either wins or loses. The first study uses a naturalistic setting and the second an experimental approach. The results of three of the four data collections indicate that appraisal is a more efficient predictor of emotion than attribution. Appraisal also mediated the effect of attribution on the negative emotions, but only partial mediation was found for the positive emotions. Moreover, secondary appraisal was more highly related to negative emotion but the contribution of each appraisal type to positive emotion was nearly equivalent. Also, in Study 2, emotion intensity was significantly greater following a controllable outcome deemed unstable than one thought to be stable—but only for games featuring a preferred team for which motivational relevance (i.e., psychological attachment) exists.
Reasserting the role of the state in the healthcare sector: Lessons from Asia
Authors: Ramesh M 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The paper compares healthcare reforms in China, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand with the purpose of drawing useable lessons about the appropriate role of the state in the sector. It argues that healthcare reforms in China and Korea offer many negative lessons for healthcare reformers while Singapore and Thailand offer positive lessons that may be considered for emulation elsewhere. The fundamental lesson to emerge from the successful reform experiences is that a large and active state role in various aspects of healthcare provision and financing is essential for containing expenditures and maintaining access. Public ownership of providers and prospective payments are particularly effective in controlling expenditures while direct government financing promotes equitable access. The cases also show that political economy matters: the Singapore and Thai states’ strong presence in the healthcare sector is a vital reason for their superior performance.