bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAVE: First results and 2nd data release
Authors: Siebert A. , the RAVE collaboration  
Published: November 2008

AbstractRAVE, the RAdial Velocity Experiment, is an ambitious program to conduct a survey to measure the radial velocities, metallicities and abundance ratios for up to a million stars using the 1.2‐m UK Schmidt Telescope of the Anglo‐Australian Observatory (AAO), over the period 2003–2010. The survey represents a giant leap forward in our understanding of our own Milky Way galaxy, providing a vast stellar kinematic database larger than any other survey proposed for this coming decade. The main data product will be a southern hemisphere survey of about a million stars. This survey would comprise 0.7 million thin disk main sequence stars, 250 000 thick disk stars, 100 000 bulge and halo stars, and a further 50 000 giant stars including some out to 10 kpc from the Sun. RAVE will offer the first truly representative inventory of stellar radial velocities for all major components of the Galaxy. Here we present the first scientific results of this survey as well as its second data release which doubles the number of previously released radial velocities. For the first time, the release also provides atmospheric parameters for a large fraction of the 2nd year data making it an unprecedented tool to study the formation of the Milky Way. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Novel Fluidized‐Bed Membrane Dual‐Type Reactor Concept for Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Rahimpour M. R. , Alizadehhesari K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel fluidized‐bed membrane dual‐type methanol reactor (FBMDMR) concept is proposed in this paper. In this proposed reactor, the cold feed synthesis gas is fed to the tubes of the gas‐cooled reactor and flows in counter‐current mode with a reacting gas mixture in the shell side of the reactor, which is a novel membrane‐assisted fluidized bed. In this way, the synthesis gas is heated by heat of reaction which is produced in the reaction side. Hydrogen can penetrate from the feed synthesis gas side into the reaction side as a result of a hydrogen partial pressure difference between both sides. The outlet synthesis gas from this reactor is fed to tubes of the water‐cooled packed bed reactor and the chemical reaction is initiated by the catalyst. The partially converted gas leaving this reactor is directed into the shell of the gas‐cooled reactor and the reactions are completed in this fluidized‐bed side. This reactor configuration solves some drawbacks observed from the new conventional dual‐type methanol reactor, such as pressure drop, internal mass transfer limitations, radial gradient of concentration, and temperature in the gas‐cooled reactor. The two‐phase theory of fluidization is used to model and simulate the proposed reactor. An industrial dual‐type methanol reactor (IDMR) and a fluidized‐bed dual‐type methanol reactor (FBDMR) are used as a basis for comparison. This comparison shows enhancement in the yield of methanol production in the fluidized‐bed membrane dual‐type methanol reactor (FBMDMR).
Microwave Synthesis of SAPO‐11 and AlPO‐11: Aspects of Reactor Engineering
Authors: Gharibeh Murad , Tompsett Geoffrey. A. , Conner William Curtis , Yngvesson K. Sigfrid 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlPO‐11 and SAPO‐11 are synthesized using microwave heating. The effects of precursor volume, reaction temperature, reactor geometry, stirring, applicator type and frequency on the microwave synthesis of SAPO‐11 and AlPO‐11 are studied. The nucleation time and crystallization rate are determined from crystallization curves for SAPO‐11 (and/or AlPO‐11), for the various parameters investigated. Increasing volume of the reacting material decreases the reaction rate of SAPO‐11 at 160°C. In particular, the nucleation time increases with increase in the reaction volume. Increasing the reaction temperature increases the crystallization rate and decreases the nucleation time, however it decreases the particle size. Nucleation of SAPO‐11 and AlPO‐11 under microwave heating is strongly dependant on the reaction temperature. Using wider geometry vessel (33 mm compared to 11 mm diameter) enhances the reaction rate, producing larger crystals in the same reaction time, even though the crystallization rate is decreased. The crystallization rate is enhanced by applicator type in the following order CEM MARS‐5 oven>CEM Discover “focused” system>monomode waveguide. Stirring the reacting solution during heating affects primarily the nucleation time. The effect of microwave frequency on the nucleation and growth of SAPO‐11 shows a dependence on the applicator type more than the specific frequency, for the frequency range 2.45–10.5 GHz. The difference between the crystallization rate observed at higher frequencies and that at 2.45 GHz maybe due to the multimode nature of the waveguide at frequencies above 2.45 GHz. Sweeping the microwave frequency linearly between 8.7 and 10.5 GHz at rates of 10 min−1 and 100 min−1 shows an intermediate crystallization curve to that for fixed frequencies of 2.45 GHz and that for 5.8, 8.7 and 10.5 GHz.
Identification and expression of voltage‐gated calcium channel β subunits in Zebrafish
Authors: Zhou Weibin , Horstick Eric James , Hirata Hiromi , Kuwada John Y. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractVoltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCC) play important roles in electrically excitable cells and embryonic development. The VGCC β subunits are essential for membrane localization of the channel and exert modulatory effects on channel functions. In mammals, the VGCC β subunit gene family contains four members. In zebrafish, there appear to be seven VGCC β subunits including the previously identified β1 subunit. cDNAs for six additional VGCC β subunit homologs were identified in zebrafish, their chromosomal locations determined and their expression patterns characterized during embryonic development. These six genes are primarily expressed in the nervous system withcacnb4aalso expressed in the developing heart. Sequence homology, genomic synteny and expression patterns suggest that there are three pairs of duplicate genes for β2, β3, and β4 in zebrafish with distinct expression patterns during embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 237:3842–3852, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The acyltransferase gene bus‐1 exhibits conserved and specific expression in nematode rectal cells and reveals pathogen‐induced cell swelling
Authors: Gravato‐Nobre Maria J. , Hodgkin Jonathan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSusceptibility to the rectal pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum provides a means of examining hindgut differentiation in C. elegans. Mutants of bus‐1 are resistant to infection with this pathogen. We show here that bus‐1 encodes a predicted acyltransferase expressed in rectal epithelial cells (K, F, and U), suggesting its involvement in regional surface modification. bus‐1 reporter genes were used to show spatial regulation by hindgut developmental control genes: egl‐38, mab‐9, and mab‐23. A bus‐1::GFP reporter reveals the conspicuous rectal epithelial swelling induced by M. nematophilum. The C. briggsae ortholog of bus‐1 exhibits conserved function and rectal expression, but it is expressed in vulval as well as rectal cells, correlated with pathogen adhesion to both vulval and rectal cells in this species. Another acyltransferase affecting bacterial adhesion, bus‐18/acl‐10, was also identified, which also shows strong rectal expression, but it is expressed in additional epithelial tissues and is required for general surface integrity. Developmental Dynamics 237:3762–3776, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
hgf/c‐met expression and functional analysis during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Latimer Andrew J. , Jessen Jason R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase Met are linked to several processes underlying vertebrate development and cancer progression. Here, we characterized the expression of zebrafish c‐met, hgf1, and hgf2 from cleavage stages through organogenesis and initiated an analysis of Met signaling. We identified c‐met as a marker of endoderm and demonstrated that its expression can be activated downstream of Nodal. Injection of c‐met mRNA drives expression of the endodermal gene sox17. During gastrulation, hgf1 transcripts are visible in mesendodermal cells along the midline. Later, c‐met is expressed in kidney, islet2‐positive neurons, and liver. We show that hgf1 is transcribed during gastrulation while hgf1 and hgf2 are detectable in pharyngeal arches and swim bladder. Similar to mouse, knockdown of zebrafish Met reduces liver size. Our results suggest a role for Met during endoderm specification and indicate that mechanisms of liver development are conserved between mammals and bony fish. Developmental Dynamics 237:3904–3915, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cooperative interaction of Nkx2.5 and Mef2c transcription factors during heart development
Authors: Vincentz Joshua W. , Barnes Ralston M. , Firulli Beth A. , Conway Simon J. , Firulli Anthony B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe interactions of diverse transcription factors mediate the molecular programs that regulate mammalian heart development. Among these, Nkx2.5 and the Mef2c regulate common downstream targets and exhibit striking phenotypic similarities when disrupted, suggesting a potential interaction during heart development. Co‐immunoprecipitation and mammalian two‐hybrid experiments revealed a direct molecular interaction between Nkx2.5 and Mef2c. Assessment of mRNA expression verified spatiotemporal cardiac coexpression. Finally, genetic interaction studies employing histological and molecular analyses showed that, although Nkx2.5−/− and Mef2c−/− individual mutants both have identifiable ventricles, Nkx2.5−/−;Mef2c−/− double mutants do not, and that mutant cardiomyocytes express only atrial and second heart field markers. Molecular marker and cell death and proliferation analyses provide evidence that ventricular hypoplasia is the result of defective ventricular cell differentiation. Collectively, these data support a hypothesis where physical, functional, and genetic interactions between Nkx2.5 and Mef2c are necessary for ventricle formation. Developmental Dynamics 237:3809–3819, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The lim domain only protein 7 is important in zebrafish heart development
Authors: Ott Elisabeth B. , van den Akker Nynke M. S. , Sakalis Philippe A. , Gittenberger‐de Groot Adriana C. , Te Velthuis Aartjan J.W. , Bagowski Christoph P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe LIM domain only protein 7 (LMO7), a member of the PDZ and LIM domain‐containing protein family is a candidate gene with possible roles in embryonic development and breast cancer progression. LMO7 has been linked to actin cytoskeleton organization through nectin/afadin and to cell–cell adhesion by means of E‐cadherin/catenin. In addition, LMO7 has been shown to regulate transcription of the nuclear membrane protein Emerin and other muscle relevant genes. In this study, we used in situ hybridization to investigate LMO7 expression during embryonic development in three widely used vertebrate model species: the zebrafish, the chicken and the mouse. Our temporal and spatial gene expression analysis revealed both common and distinct patterns between these species. In mouse and chicken embryos we found expression in the outflow tract, the inflow tract, the pro‐epicardial organ and the second heart field, structures highly important in the developing heart. Furthermore, gene knockdown experiments in zebrafish embryos resulted in severe defects in heart development with effects on the conduction system and on heart localization. In summary, we present here the first developmental study of LMO7. We reveal the temporal and spatial expression patterns of this important gene during mouse, chicken and fish development and our findings suggest essential functions for LMO7 during vertebrate heart development. Developmental Dynamics 237:3940–3952, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VEGF‐mediated fusion in the generation of uniluminal vascular spheroids
Authors: Gentile Carmine , Fleming Paul A. , Mironov Vladimir , Argraves Kelley M. , Argraves W. Scott , Drake Christopher J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractVEGF‐mediated vascular fusion in the generation of uniluminal spheroids. Luminized vascular networks present in mouse allantoic‐derived tissue spheroids (upper image) fuse when treated with VEGF to form a single central vessel (lower image). Spheroids were immunolabeled with antibodies to PECAM‐1 (green) and SMαA (red). See Gentile et al., Developmental Dynamics 237:2918–2925. Developmental Dynamics 237:2918–2925, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Governance challenges and the prevention of industrial environmental accidents: the case of finland
Authors: Wessberg Nina , Molarius Riitta 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the challenges faced in governing accidental industrial emissions. Accidental emissions are unexpected situations where harmful runaway emissions are released into the environment, causing damage to people, ecosystems, human property and company images. We claim that in Finland the practices of environmental authorities do not encourage companies to prevent accidental emissions in the most effective way. According to our study, based on action research and case study augmented with document analysis and interviews, authorities operate under three different kinds of frame: an environmental permit frame, a risk prevention frame and a major accident prevention frame. Accidental industrial emissions are, in our view, best governed under the risk prevention frame, where practices and management systems are addressed covering the entire complex socio‐technical nature of an industrial process. However, environmental authorities, in Finland, focus on environmental permit frames, stressing limit values, hence concentrating on managing the industrial process component by component. This approach may be suitable for the governing of continuous emissions, but not that of accidental emissions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
New alternative and complementary environmental policy instruments and the implementation of the Water Framework Directive
Authors: Gouldson Andy , Lopez‐Gunn Elena , Van Alstine Jamie , Rees Yvonne , Davies Miles , Krishnarayan Vijay 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBased on a study conducted for the Environment Agency for England and Wales, we discuss the contribution that new alternative and complementary environmental policy instruments might make to the realization of the objectives of the EU's Water Framework Directive. Following a survey that identified nearly 100 examples where alternative and complementary instruments are currently being applied in the UK, we categorize such instruments as information‐based approaches, private and voluntary regulation or support and capacity building measures. Examples are given of each category of instrument before further findings on the preconditions for the successful application of such measures are presented. These preconditions relate to levels of commitment from key groups, levels of stakeholder understanding, the role of the lead actor, the importance of timing, the need to deliver a clear message, the importance of enforcement, the role of the media and the importance of social capital in key networks. We conclude that alternative and complementary measures have significant potential to contribute to the realization of the Water Framework Directive's objectives, but only where these preconditions are met. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Study on power system transient instability detection based on wide area measurement system
Authors: Guo Hao‐Zhi , Xie Huan , Zhang Bao‐Hui , Yu Guang‐liang , Li Peng , Bo Zhi‐qian. , Klimek A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a method, which is essential in initiating emergency control measures, is proposed for fast and accurate online detection of transient instability based on real‐time measurement. Under a certain disturbance, the candidate critical cluster (CC) of power system is predicted and refreshed at each sampling step. The method identifies the loss of synchronism at each time step by observing the geometric characteristic of the post‐fault trajectory of the generalized one‐machine equivalent system. Unlike the previous extended equal‐area criterion method, it is unnecessary to calculate the unstable equilibrium point (UEP) during instability detection in this method and some limitations caused by the time‐invariant assumption are also eliminated. Simulations are carried out on the IEEE 50 generator test system and a real power system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has the features of reliability and effectiveness in identifying the loss of synchronism with inter‐area mode. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attention impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy: A neurophysiological approach via analysis of the P300 wave
Authors: Bocquillon Perrine , Dujardin Kathy , Betrouni Nacim , Phalempin Valérian , Houdayer Elise , Bourriez Jean‐Louis , Derambure Philippe , Szurhaj William 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPurpose: Attention is often impaired in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The P300 wave (an endogenous, event‐related potential) is a correlate of attention which is usually recorded during an “oddball paradigm,” where the subject is instructed to detect an infrequent target stimulus presented amongst frequent, standard stimuli. Modifications of the P300 wave's latency and amplitude in TLE have been suggested, but it is still not known whether the source regions also differ. Our hypothesis was that temporal lobe dysfunction would modify the P3 source regions in TLE patients. Methods: A comparative, high density, 128‐channel electroencephalographic analysis of the characteristics of P300 (P3b latency and amplitude) was performed in 10 TLE patients and 10 healthy controls during auditory and visual oddball paradigms. The P3b sources were localized on individual 3D MR images using the LORETA method and intergroup statistical comparisons were performed using SPM2® software. Results: Our main results (in both individual analyses and intergroup comparisons) revealed a reduction in temporal (and more particularly mesiotemporal) sources and, to a lesser extent, frontal sources in TLE patients, compared with controls. Discussion: This reduction may reflect direct, local cortical dysfunction caused by the epileptic focus or more complex interference between epileptic networks and normal attentional pathways. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receptor architecture of human cingulate cortex: Evaluation of the four‐region neurobiological model
Authors: Palomero‐Gallagher Nicola , Vogt Brent A. , Schleicher Axel , Mayberg Helen S. , Zilles Karl 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe structural and functional organization of the human cingulate cortex is an ongoing focus; however, human imaging studies continue to use the century‐old Brodmann concept of a two region cingulate cortex. Recently, a four‐region neurobiological model was proposed based on structural, circuitry, and functional imaging observations. It encompasses the anterior cingulate, midcingulate, posterior cingulate, and retrosplenial cortices (ACC, MCC, PCC, and RSC, respectively). For the first time, this study performs multireceptor autoradiography of 15 neurotransmitter receptor ligands and multivariate statistics on human whole brain postmortem samples covering the entire cingulate cortex. We evaluated the validity of Brodmann's duality concept and of the four‐region model using a hierarchical clustering analysis of receptor binding according to the degree of similarity of each area's receptor architecture. We could not find support for Brodmann's dual cingulate concept, because the anterior part of his area 24 has significantly higher AMPA, kainate, GABAB, benzodiazepine, and M3 but lower NMDA and GABAA binding site densities than the posterior part. The hierarchical clustering analysis distinguished ACC, MCC, PCC, and RSC as independent regions. The ACC has highest AMPA, kainate, α2, 5‐HT1A, and D1 but lowest GABAA densities. The MCC has lowest AMPA, kainate, α2, and D1 densities. Area 25 in ACC is similar in receptor‐architecture to MCC, particularly the NMDA, GABAA, GABAB, and M2 receptors. The PCC and RSC differ in the higher M1 and α1 but lower M3 densities of PCC. Thus, multireceptor autoradiography supports the four‐region neurobiological model of the cingulate cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive control of the false discovery rate in voxel‐based morphometry
Authors: Chen Sining , Wang Chi , Eberly Lynn E. , Caffo Brian S. , Schwartz Brian S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractVoxel‐based morphometry (VBM) is widely used as a high‐resolution approach to understanding the relationship between anatomical structures and variables of interest. Controlling for the false discovery rate (FDR) is an attractive choice for thresholding the resulting statistical maps and has been commonly used in fMRI studies. However, we caution against the use of nonadaptive FDR control procedures, such as the most commonly used Benjamini–Hochberg procedure (B‐H), in VBM analyses. This is because, in VBM analyses, specific risk factors may be associated with volume change in a global, rather than local, manner, which means the proportion of truly associated voxels among all voxels is large. In such a case, the achieved FDR obtained by nonadaptive procedures can be substantially lower than the nominal, or controlled, level. Such conservatism deprives researchers of power for detecting true associations. In this article, we advocate for the use of adaptive FDR control in VBM‐type analyses. Specifically, we examine two representative adaptive procedures: the two‐stage step‐up procedure by Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli (2006: Biometrika 93:491–507) and the procedure of Storey and Tibshirani ([2003]: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9440–9445). We demonstrate mathematically, with simulations, and with a data example that these procedures provide improved performance over the B‐H procedure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are there theory of mind regions in the brain? A review of the neuroimaging literature
Authors: Carrington Sarah J. , Bailey Anthony J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThere have been many functional imaging studies of the brain basis of theory of mind (ToM) skills, but the findings are heterogeneous and implicate anatomical regions as far apart as orbitofrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobe. The functional imaging studies are reviewed to determine whether the diverse findings are due to methodological factors. The studies are considered according to the paradigm employed (e.g., stories vs. cartoons and explicit vs. implicit ToM instructions), the mental state(s) investigated, and the language demands of the tasks. Methodological variability does not seem to account for the variation in findings, although this conclusion may partly reflect the relatively small number of studies. Alternatively, several distinct brain regions may be activated during ToM reasoning, forming an integrated functional “network.” The imaging findings suggest that there are several “core” regions in the network—including parts of the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal sulcus—while several more “peripheral” regions may contribute to ToM reasoning in a manner contingent on relatively minor aspects of the ToM task. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.