Abstract 7072: MYC acetylated lysine residues drive oncogenic cell transformation and regulate select genetic programs for cell adhesion-independent growth and survival
Authors: Pino Jeffrey J. , Hurd Matthew , Zhao Yifan , Jang Kay , Allevato Michael , Vorontchikhina Marina , Ichikawa Wataru , Gates Ryan , Villalpando Emily , Hamilton Michael , Failo Francesco , Pan Songqin , Qi Yue , Hung Yu-wen , Girke Thomas , Ann David , Seewaldt Victoria , Martinez Ernest 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The MYC oncogenic transcription factor is acetylated by the p300 and GCN5 histone acetyltransferases. The significance of MYC acetylation and functions of specific acetylated lysine (K) residues have remained unclear. Here, we show that the major p300-acetylated K148(149) and K157(158) sites in human (or mouse) MYC and the main GCN5-acetylated K323 residue are reversibly acetylated in various malignant and non-malignant cells. Oncogenic overexpression of MYC enhances its acetylation and alters regulation of site-specific acetylation by proteasome and deacetylase inhibitors. Acetylation of MYC at different K residues differentially affects its stability in a cell type- dependent manner. Lysine-to-arginine substitutions indicate that although none of the acetylated K (AcK) residues is required for MYC stimulation of adherent cell proliferation, individual AcK sites have gene-specific functions controlling select MYC-regulated processes in cell adhesion, contact inhibition, apoptosis, and/or metabolism, and are required for the malignant cell transformation activity of MYC. Each AcK site is required for anchorage-independent growth of MYC-overexpressing cells in vitro, and both the AcK148(149) and AcK157(158) residues are also important for the tumorigenic activity of MYC-transformed cells in vivo. These AcK residues may also preferentially activate transcription via facilitating MYC binding to several cancer-associated target gene promoters and via enhancing RNAP II recruitment. With the knowledge that MYC lysine residues can be acetylated by HATs GCN5 and P300, some HATs and HAT associated cofactors (i.e. YEATS2 and PIN1) are important for MYC recruitment to DNA binding. By identifying MYC acetylation-dependent coregulators and their oncogenic function, we proposed to understand whether and how MYC acetylation residues cooperate with its cofactors and influence malignant transformation in breast cancer cells.Overall, this study will uncover the functions and mechanisms of MYC acetylation in regulation of malignant transformation and the impact on breast cancer initiation and progression. By analyzing deregulated target genes and MYC-relevant coactivators, the MYC AcK site-specific signaling pathways identified may offer new avenues for selective therapeutic targeting of MYC oncogenic activities.
Citation Format: Jeffrey J. Pino, Matthew Hurd, Yifan Zhao, Kay Jang, Michael Allevato, Marina Vorontchikhina, Wataru Ichikawa, Ryan Gates, Emily Villalpando, Michael Hamilton, Francesco Failo, Songqin Pan, Yue Qi, Yu-wen Hung, Thomas Girke, David Ann, Victoria Seewaldt, Ernest Martinez. MYC acetylated lysine residues drive oncogenic cell transformation and regulate select genetic programs for cell adhesion-independent growth and survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7072.