bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INHIBITION OF THE INDUCTION OF CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY BY AN EPITHELIAL CELL‐DERIVED INTERLEUKIN‐1 INHIBITOR
Authors: Walsh Laurence J. , Au Tony W. , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryInterleukin‐1 (IL‐1) is the central hormone of acute inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that an Interleukin‐1 inhibitor (ILS) derived from human gingival epithelial cell cultures abrogates the effect of IL‐1 on human Langerhans cells and murine thymocytes in vitro. The present study investigated the effect of ILS on the induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐fluorobenzene (DNFB). Systemic administration of ILS 6 days prior to sensitisation significantly blocked the induction of CHS to DNFB in Balb/c mice. In addition, i.v. injection of ILS 24 or 48 hours prior to the elicitation of CHS produced a reduction in ear swelling, but the suppressive effect was less profound than when ILS was administered prior to sensitisation. Thus, ILS production by epithelial cells is a possible mechanism for the down‐regulation of cutaneous immune responses.
GIANT PARAPOX INFECTION IN A TWO YEAR OLD CHILD
Authors: Rogers Maureen , Bale Patricia , De Silva Lakshman M. , Glasson Martin J. , Collins Eileen 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe report the case of a two year old boy who developed a large tumour on his face. The lesion resembled a pyogenic granuloma clinically and histologically. Viral studies indicated a parapox infection and a bovine source was supported on epidemiological grounds. The lesion was removed by shave excision and the area healed without significant scarring.
PHYTOPHOTODERMATITIS: DIFFERENTIATION FROM JELLYFISH STINGS
Authors: Burnett Joseph W. , Vi Nguyen Thuy 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA patient with phytophotodermatitis secondary to topical application of lime juice for relief of pain from a recent marine sting is reported. The absence of pain over the entire lesion and the failure of the patient to develop immune specific antibodies to common local coelenterates aided in establishing the diagnosis.
CUTANEOUS ABNORMALITIES IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Authors: Marshman Gillian M. , Hanna Marshall J.D. , Ben‐Tovim David I. , Walker M. Kay 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAnorexia Nervosa (A.N.) is a relatively common eating disorder with well recognized psychological and physiological features. A study of 14 female patients with A.N. revealed a number of dermatological disorders, including lanugo hair, xeroderma and hyperpigmentation.Laboratory investigations revealed various abnormalities including elevated Beta‐carotene levels, abnormal sex hormone and thyroid function. An unusual finding was the development of acne in a small subset of patients at the time of weight gain, during recovery from A.N.Anorexia Nervosa represents a useful model for the interaction between eating disorders, endocrine function and the skin.
OYSTERS, IRON OVERLOAD AND VIBRIO VULNIFICUS SEPTICAEMIA
Authors: Tefany Frances J. , Lee Stephen , Shumack Stephen 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA case of Vibrio vulnificus septicaemia complicated by cutaneous leg ulceration is described. A 74 year old man with haemochromatosis and sideroblastic anaemia developed an acute febrile illness with cutaneous manifestations 24 hours after ingesting raw oysters. The presence of blistering should be considered an important clue to the diagnosis of Vibrio vulnificus septicaemia, and this can facilitate prompt effective antimicrobial therapy. Clinicians should be aware of this infection because of its high case fatality rate, especially in patients with iron overload states.
ACTINOMADURA MADURAE MYCETOMAS
Authors: Venugopal Pankajalakshmi V. , Venugopal Taralakshmi V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryActinomycetomas are localised, chronic, suppurative and progressive infections of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and bones caused by aerobic actinomycetes. They are characterised by subcutaneous granulomas and abscesses with in duration, formation of sinus tracts and production of granules which are the microcolonies of the causative agents.
DO ALL MELANOMAS COME FROM “MOLES”? A STUDY OF THE HISTOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MELANOCYTIC NAEVI AND MELANOMA
Authors: Marks Robin , Dorevitch Abe P. , Mason Graham 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHistological examination of 1101 melanomas (990 superficial spreading and HI nodular melanomas) from 1098 people revealed that 23.3% showed an associated melanocytic naevus. Of these, 56.5% were classified histologically as common acquired, 37.7% as dysplastic and 5.8% as congenital. Of the superficial spreading melanomas, 25.7% showed an associated naevus. By contrast, only 2.7% of nodular melanomas showed histological evidence of a coexisting naevus.When the superficial spreading melanomas were analysed by level, the presence of a naevus varied from 31.3% of level I melanomas to 21.3% of level IV melanomas. When thickness was measured, an associated naevus was found in 27.0% of superficial spreading melanomas less than 1.0mm thick, and 14.8% of melanomas with a thickness of 1.0mm or greater.These data suggest that most melanomas do not arise in pre‐existing naevi, and accordingly public educational programs for the early detection of melanoma should focus on looking for changes in previously normal skin as well as in pre‐existing moles.
GENERALISED ERUPTIVE SYRINGOMA‐A PAPULAR DERMATOSIS
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn J. , Connors Terence J. , Scurry James 
Published: June 2007

SummaryGeneralized eruptive syringoma is a rare condition characterised by multiple papules over the anterior trunk, sometimes extending on to the flexural aspects of the arms and thighs. A 22 year old Ethiopean woman with this disorder is presented.
SPOROTRICHOID CUTANEOUS INFECTION DUE TO MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONEI IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENT.
Authors: Jopp‐McKay Andrea G. , Randell Peter 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAtypical mycobacterial infections are becoming more common in dermatological practice due to increasing numbers of immunosuppressed patients. A case of cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonei infection wwith sporotrichoid spread in a renal transplant patient is described, and the current literature regarding clinical spectrum, histopathology and management of infection with this pathogen is reviewed.
WHITE PIEDRA
Authors: Palungwachira Piti , Chongsathien Supimol , Palungwachira Pranee 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA 39‐year‐old Thai man had eczema on the left groin accompanied by asymptomatic white nodules on the pubic hair for two weeks. Examination with the Wood's lamp, microscopic examination, culture and biochemical testing showed organisms compatible with Trichosporon beigelii. The diagnosis of “White Piedra” was made, and this is the first case of White Piedra to be reported in Thailand.
PRIMARY LOCALISED CUTANEOUS AMYLOIDOSIS IN MALAYSIANS
Authors: LOOI Lai Meng 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA review of consecutive biopsies from 85 Malaysian patients with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) revealed 63 with papular amyloidosis (PA) and 22 with macutar amyloidosis (MA). PLCA appeared to affect the Chinese more frequently than the other major ethnic groups but MA was more common than expected among the Indians. Of patients with PA, one had systemic lupus erythematosus, one scleroderma and in another, connective tissue disease was suspected. MA was not found to be associated with any other disease.Histologically, PA differed from MA by the larger size of amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis. There was no difference in their tinctorial and immunohistochemical characteristics. Deposits were permanganate‐resistant and negative for AA protein, immunoglobulin light chains and keratin. A few cases exhibited positively for cytokeratin. Strong immunoreactivity for AP protein was observed. PA and MA appear chemically similar and are likely to be of epidermal origin.
LINEAR IgA DERMATOSIS WITH SEVERE ARTHRALGIA
Authors: Hepburn David J. , Davis Anne L. , Pigeon And Grant B. , Begg Evan J. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYLinear IgA dermatosis with severe arthralgia is a rare clinical syndrome. Streptococcal infection may be important in its pathogenesis. The rash and arthralgia respond to dapsone although additional treatment with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and/or corticosteroids may be necessary. A case is presented which illustrates these features.
OUTPATIENT TREATMENT OF CHRONIC VENOUS ULCERS IN A SPECIALIZED CLINIC
Authors: Jopp‐McKay Andrea G. , Stagey Michael C. , Rohr James B. , Baker Steven R. , Thompson Pamela J. , Hoskin Susan E. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYChronic leg ulcers have many different causes and therefore need an accurate diagnosis in order to give the most effective treatment. A specialized clinic was set up in Fremantle Hospital in July 1988 with the aims of performing a thorough clinical and laboratory assessment to establish the cause of ulceration in every patient, and treating patients according to the cause of ulceration. Patients with arterial, neoplastic or dermatological conditions were treated as appropriate for their diagnosis and patients with other chronic ulcers were managed as outpatients where possible.Patients were seen between July 1988 and July 1989. Only 43% had purely venous ulcers, 32.6% had a venous component plus some other abnormality, and 5.2% were purely arterial. Using an outpatient treatment regimen, 67% of all ulcerated limbs and 73.7% of limbs with purely venous ulcers were healed within 6 months. Only 11 patients with venous ulceration (15 limbs) failed on this therapy and required admission during the observation period. The initial ulcer size was shown to influence the time to total healing of the limb.The healing rates achieved compare favourably with studies from other specialized centres and suggest that the majority of patients with chronic leg ulcers can be treated successfully using ambulatory outpatient dressing techniques.
ALPHA‐1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY IN A PATIENT WITH WIDESPREAD PRURIGO NODULARIS
Authors: Heng Madelene C.Y. , Allen Suni G. , Kim Alyssa , Lieberman Jack 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYSkin lesions associated with alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency are becoming better defined and understood. Deficiency in this major antiproteinase, which neutralizes multiple proteolytic enzymes ranging from collagenases and elastases to trypsin and chymotrypsin, thus results in significant tissue autodigestion. This anti‐proteinase is secreted by activated lymphocytes and macrophages, suggesting the existence of homeostasis which titrates the release of proteolytic enzymes by these cells, and the adequate neutralization of these proteases in order to prevent excessive tissue autodigestion each time these inflammatory cells are activated. We report a patient with alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency who, following insect bites and cellulitis developed widespread itching and scratching, leading to widespread lesions of prurigo nodularis. The colonization of his multiple skin lesions with Staphylococcus aureus and the release of potent T cell mitogens, such as Protein A and enterotoxin A from the bacterial cell membrane may have resulted in the release of additional proteolytic enzymes by the activated lymphocytes and macrophages, without the concomitant secretion of alpha1‐antitrypsin with subsequent aggravation of his pruritus. These concepts are supported by electron microscopic evidence of excessive tissue autodigestion, and by immunocytochemical data identifying the presence of T helper and T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes as well as macrophages within the upper dermis.
SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Venugopal Pankajalakshmi V. , Venugopal Taralakshmi V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBetween June 1988 and December 1990, 1018 cases of superficial mycoses were investigated. Diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination in 503 cases and the causal agent was isolated in 490 cases. Tinea capitis accounted for 47.7% (92.5% in children below 10 years of age). The frequency of other clinical types in descending order was pityriasis versicolor 25.8%, tinea corporis 9%, onychomycosis 5.8%, tinea pedis 4%, intertrigo 3.9% and tinea cruris 2.8%. Erythrasma was encountered three times and mixed piedra and trichomycosis axillaris once.Microsporum canis was the commonest aetiologial agent, responsible for 46.9% of ringworm infections. Malassezia furfur was the next most common agent (26.5%) followed by, Candida albicans (8.6%) and Trichophyton violaceum (8.2%). Other species were found less frequently. T.simii was isolated from four cases of tinea cruris and one each of tinea capitis and tinea corporis, and Piedraia hortae and Trichosporon beigelii from a case of mixed piedra infection.
THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL COLONIZATION ON VENOUS ULCER HEALING
Authors: Halbert Anne R. , Stacey Michael C. , Rohr James B. , Jopp‐Mckay Andrea 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTo determine the effect of bacterial colonization on venous ulcer healing, 82 patients with 100 venous ulcerated limbs were each studied prospectively for six months. Despite bacteriological swab results, topical or systemic antibiotics were not administered unless cellulitis supervened. Initial ulcer size, length of ulcer history and time to complete healing of colonized and uncolonized ulcers were determined and compared.Organisms were cultured from 83 limbs prior to commencement of treatment, the commonest isolates being Staptiytococcus aureaus (48%), mixed coliforms (28%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21%) and anaerobes (17%). When compared with ulcers with no bacterial growth, colonized ulcers were of longer duration (P◂0.01), had a larger initial size (p◂0.001) and had significantly longer healing time (p◂0.001). When analysed individually beta‐haemolytic streptococci, anaerobes, Staptiylococcus aureus and coliforms were associated with delayed healing. Delayed healing was not found with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although pseudomonas‐colonized ulcers were significantly larger and of longer duration than uncolonized ulcers.Bacterial colonization is associated with delayed venous ulcer healing. To further clarify the pathogenicity of colonizing bacteria, however, the effect of their eradiction on healing of venous ulcers needs to be established.
CARBON DIOXIDE LASER TREATMENT OF PERIUNGUAL AND SUBUNGUAL VIRAL WARTS
Authors: Lim J.T.E. , Goh C.L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis is a restrospective study of the cure rates of forty patients with subungual and periungual viral warts treated with carbon dioxide laser vapourisation (total of 69 lesions). 70.6% (48/68) lesions had failed treatment with cryotherapy and/or electrocautery treatment previously. 20/68 were treated with CO2 laser vapourisation as a first line treatment.The overall cure rate over 10 months follow‐up period was 57.4% (39/68). Most recurrences (24/25) occurred within the first 3 months of vapourisation. The carbon dioxide laser vapourisation cure rate for warts in which previous cryotherapy and/or electrocautery had failed was 47.9% whereas those treated with carbon dioxide laser vapourisation as a first line treatment had a cure rate of 80% (p = 0.043). Subungual warts responded slightly better with a cure rate of 64.7% compared with periungual warts (54.9%) (n.s.). The carbon dioxide laser vapourisation cure rate for recurrent subungual and periungual warts (which failed previous carbon dioxide laser vapourisation) was 73.3% (11/15).Our findings appeared to indicate that periungual and subungual warts can be eradicated by CO2 laser vapourisation. Recurrent warts can be effectively eradicated by further vapourisation. Recalcitrant periungual and subungual warts which have previously failed to respond to cryotherapy and/or electrocautery can be effectively eradicated with CO2 laser vapourisation.
RECURRENT CUTANEOUS ERYTHRALGIA AND ARTHRALGIA
Authors: Georgouras Katherine E. , Wittal Richard A. , Baird Phillip J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwo cases are reported of Vietnamese men who presented in young adult life with recurrent, painful, erythematous patches (which we have termed “erythralgia”) over and adjacent to Joints and accompanied by marked constitutional symptoms of malaise and lethargy, arthralgia and in one patient, fever In the other, from the onset of the disease there were nodules over the bony prominences and in the interphalangeal regions of the fingers. The duration of the disease was over 12 years, the duration of each episode without therapy was one week and the interval between episodes was one to two weeks. In addition the patients showed a raised ESR and peripheral neutrophil leucocytosis of over 70%. There was a rapid response, within hours, to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents.Skin biopsies taken at varying stages of the disease episode failed to demonstrate neutrophils thereby failing to satisfy one major criterion of Sweet's Syndrome. Direct immunofluorescence studies were negative. Biopsy of the nodules did not show rheumatoid pathology. The serum rheumatoid factor was negative. Investigations failed to demonstrate any recognised pattern of cutaneous or rheumatologic disease; infections such as borreliosis were excluded. Both patients showed evidence of past hepatitis B infection.As recurrent painful cutaneous erythema is an uncommon phenomenon in dermatology except where the patient is suffering from recurrent cellulitis of the lower limbs, the patients reported here exhibit a pattern of disease not previously described.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLUCONOLACTONE VERSUS BENZOYL PEROXIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE
Authors: Hunt Michelle J. , Barnetson Ross StC 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAlpha hydroxy acids (AHA's) or “fruit acids” are a special group of organic acids found in many natural foods. They have been described in the literature for the treatment of a number of conditions in which abnormal keratinization consistently contributes to pathogenesis. These include the icthyoses, warts, psoriasis, eczema and acne. We have performed a double‐blind clinical trial on 150 patients to evaluate the efficacy and skin tolerance of the alpha hydroxy acid gluconolactone 14% in solution (NuvodermTM lotion) in the treatment of mild to moderate acne when compared with its vehicle (placebo) and 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion. The results of this study showed that both gluconolactone and benzoyl peroxide had a significant effect in improving patients'acne by reducing the number of lesions (inflamed and non‐inflamed). Furthermore, fewer side‐effects were experienced by patients treated with gluconolactone when compared with benzoyl peroxide.
CONGENITAL INCLUSION DERMOID CYSTS OF THE SCALP
Authors: Sinclair Rodney D. , Darley Charles , Dawber Rodney P.R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe natural history of congenital inclusion dermoid cysts of the scalp is unknown. We report three cases of this condition, which has been followed from birth for up to ten years. Dermoids are congenital subcutaneous cysts, which gradually flatten and scar over a number of years. The lesions are covered with skin showing focal alopecia but they may be surrounded by a collar of hypertropic hair. Later in life flattened cysts may be mistaken for aplasia cutis, but the history of a cyst at birth allows the clinician to distinguish these two conditions. As these cysts have a potential for intracranial extension, this is an important clinical entity.
TEA TREE OIL IN THE TREATMENT OF TINEA PEDIS
Authors: Tong Melinda M. , Altman Phillip M. , Barnetson Ross StC. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTea tree oil (an essential oil derived primarily from the Australian native Melaleuca alternifolia) has been used as a topical antiseptic agent since the early part of this century for a wide variety of skin infections; however, to date, the evidence for its efficacy in fungal infections is still largely anecdotal. One hundred and four patients completed a randomized, double‐blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of 10% w/w tea tree oil cream compared with 1% tolnaftate and placebo creams in the treatment of tinea pedia. Significantly more tolnaftate‐treated patients (85%) than tea tree oil (30%) and placebo‐treated patients (21%) showed conversion to negative culture at the end of therapy (p◂0.001); there was no statistically significant difference between tea tree oil and placebo groups. All three groups demonstrated improvement in clinical condition based on the four clinical parameters of scaling, inflammation, itching and burning. The tea tree oil group (24/37) and the tolnaftate group (19/33) showed significant improvement in clinical condition when compared to the placebo group (14/34; p = 0.022 and p = 0.018 respectively). Tea tree oil cream (10% w/w) appears to reduce the symptomatology of tinea pedis as effectively as tolnaftate 1% but is no more effective than placebo in achieving a mycological cure. This may be the basis for the popular use of tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis.
DERMATOPHYTE AND NON‐DERMATOPHYTE ONYCHOMYCOSIS IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Lim Joyce Teng‐Ee , Chua Hock Cheng , Goh Chee Leok 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOnychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts. It is important to identify the non‐dermatophyte moulds as they are resistant to the usual anti‐fungals. A prospective study was undertaken in the National Skin Centre, Singapore to study the pattern of dermatophyte and non‐dermatophyte onychomycosis. 53 male and 47 female patients seen between June 1990 and June 1991 were entered into the study. Direct microscopy was done and the nail clippings were cultured. Toe and finger nails were equally infected. Dermatophytes were isolated from 21 patients namely, T. rubrum (12/21), T. interdigitale (5/21), T. mentagrophytes (3/21) and T. violaceum (1/21). Candida onychomycosis occurred in 39 patients and was caused by C. albicans (38/39) and C. parapsilosis (1/39). 37/39 patients had associated paronychia. 5 types of moulds were isolated from 12 patients, namely Fusarium species (6/12), Aspergillus species (3/12), S. brevicaulis (1/12), Aureobasilium species (1/12) and Penicillium species (1/12). Although the clinical pattern and microscopy may predict the type of organisms, in practice this is difficult. Only cultures were confirmatory. 28% (28/100) had negative cultures despite a positive microscopy, and moulds (12/100) grown might be contaminants rather than pathogens.
PARANEOPLASTIC PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM
Authors: Duguid C.M. , O'Loughlin S. , Otridge B. , Powell F.C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPyoderma Gangrenosum (PG) is often associated with an underlying disease. PG as a paraneoplastic disease is illustrated by the presentation of four patients with malignancy of myeloproliferative origin and PG. An associated malignancy isfound in approximately 7% of patients with PG, most commonly haematologic in nature and in particular leukaemia. Clinically the PG is often of the superficial bullous variant and is associated with a poor prognosis.
SPOTTED CICATRICIAL ALOPECIA IN DARK SKIN
Authors: Kossard Steven , Zagarella Sam 
Published: June 2007

SummaryStudy of areas of cicatricial alopecia in a 42 year old black woman by dermoscopy with oil revealed uniform pale dots associated with a radiating pigment network. Scalp biopsy showed a cicatricial alopecia with lichen planopilaris and multiple fibrous tracts. The pale dots appear to correspond to focal decrease in epidermal melanin pigment overlying the site of the fibrous tracts and may provide a dermoscopic clue in analysing the cicatricial alopecias.