bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maggot-Associated Type C Botulism in Game Farm Pheasants
Authors: Foreyt William J. , Abinanti F. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Type C botulism on a game farm resulted in the death of approximately 320 pheasants in 8 adjacent pens. Maggots of the genera Calliphora and Wohlfahrtia from 1 dead pheasant were the probable source of toxin for the other birds, and maggot migration before pupation probably resulted in the spread of the disease between pens. Toxin was not isolated from the serum of sick or dead birds, but was isolated from their spleens and livers as well as from maggots.
Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Six Macaques
Authors: Rodger Richard F. , Bronson Roderick T. , McIntyre Kim W. , Nicolosi Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using intravenous administration of radioactive-labeled chromic chloride, which binds to plasma proteins, protein-losing enteropathy was documented in 6 macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca arctoides) with progressive weight loss and hypoalbuminemia. Four clinically normal macaques lost 0.5%±0.1% of the label in feces over 4 days, compared with the diseased macaques, which lost from 1.0%–14.2% of the dose during the same period. Lesions in the small intestine (lymphangiectasia, amyloidosis of lamina propria, mast cell proliferation in the tunica muscularis and submucosa, and goblet cell hyperplasia) were associated with the protein-losing enteropathy.
Effects of Denervation of the Digit of the Horse
Authors: Taylor T. S. , Vaughan J. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted in an effort to explain why digital necrosis sometimes follows neurectomy in the horse.
Six horses were subjected to unilateral section of the medial and lateral palmar nerves. Arteriography was done on each digit prior to surgery. Terminally, arteriography was repeated. Sections of bone, nerve, artery, skin, coronary band, and deep flexor tendon were examined histologically. Changes in arterial pattern and bone quality were noted. During the study, 2 of the horses had clinical signs of digital necrosis.
The composite findings suggested trauma or infection, or both, of the denervated digit as the main cause(s) of the digital necrosis. Osteolysis was believed to be the primary contributing factor in disruption and collapse of the supporting structures of the foot.
Canine Hypothyroidism: A Retrospective Study of 108 Cases
Authors: Nesbitt G. H. , Izzo J. , Peterson L. , Wilkins R. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hypothyroidism, defined as a serum concentration of less than 70 ng of triiodothyronine (T3)/dl or less than 1.5 μg of thyroxine (T4)/dl, or both, was diagnosed in 108 dogs by means of radioimmunoassay techniques. Both T3 and T4 values were determined in 96 dogs. Both values were low in approximately 50% (47/96) of the hypothyroid dogs; 25% (24/96) were T3 hypothyroid (low T3, normal T4), and 26% (25/96) were T4 hypothyroid (normal T3, low T4). The T3 values varied markedly between animals.
Common clinical signs were alopecia, changes in coat (dryness, dullness, dandruff, scales, coarseness, and slow regrowth of hair), hyperpigmentation, and pyoderma. Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Poodles, Schnauzers, Irish Setters, and Boxers accounted for 50% (54/108) of the hypothyroid dogs.
Therapy consisted of T4, T3, or combination T3and T4 replacement. A good clinical response was observed with T4 replacement in 40.4% (19/47) within 2 months and in 21.3% (10/47) within 5 months. A poor clinical response was observed in 25.5% (12/47) after 6 months of therapy.
Posttherapeutic evaluation was based on peak serum concentrations of T3 and T4, pretreatment (basal) thyroid hormone values, type of replacement therapy, dosage and time of sampling after treatment, concurrent clinical problems, and, most important, clinical response to thyroid replacement therapy.
Veterinary and Public Health Considerations in Canine Roundworm Control: A Survey of Practicing Veterinarians
Authors: Kornblatt Arnold N. , Schantz Peter Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We conducted a survey to assess whether current veterinary practices concerning prophylaxis and treatment of canine roundworm (Toxocara canis) infection are adequate to prevent the potential public health risks of visceral larva migrans. We administered a standard questionnaire by telephone to 100 small animal practitioners. Fifty-four veterinarians included health education for the pet's owner as part of their routine care in a case of canine roundworm infection, and 39 recommended prophylactic treatment for this potential zoonosis. Seven veterinarians recommended that pups receive the 1st treatment for roundworm infection before 3 weeks of age, 32 recommended 1st treatment or deworming at 3–4 weeks of age, 39 recommended 5–6 weeks of age, and 22 suggested that it be done at or after 7 weeks of age. Fifteen veterinarians recommended that a nursing bitch be treated for roundworm infection.
On the basis of the survey results, we concluded that current veterinary practices concerning the zoonotic aspect of T canis infections are inadequate. We recommend that veterinarians inform their clients that simple hygienic practices are important to avoid the risk of visceral larva migrans. We recommend that deworming programs be started at 2–3 weeks after whelping and include the nursing bitch as well as the pups.
Evaluation of a Surgical Technique for Repair of Equine Accessory Carpal Bone Fractures
Authors: Easley K. Jack , Schneider J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 9 horses, osteotomies were performed to simulate accessory carpal bone fractures. Screw fixation, aided by a large C-clamp, was performed on 6 of the 9 horses. Three were treated conservatively, as controls, with fractures not repaired; they remained clinically lame throughout the 6-month study. Fibrocartilaginous nonunion developed in each of the 3 controls. At 150 days, the principals were free of lameness, with evidence of bony union. The results of clinical, radiographic, and pathologic evaluations showed surgical repair to be superior to prolonged rest in treating equine accessory carpal bone fractures.
Carpal Bone Lesions Associated with Angular Limb Deformities in Foals
Authors: McLaughlin B. G. , Doige C. E. , Fretz P. B. , Pharr J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six foals with angular limb deformities present at birth or shortly after were examined. The limb deformities were caused by abnormalities of the carpal bones and included hypoplasia and osteochondritis dissecans. The 3rd carpal bone was affected most frequently.
Bacillus piliformis Infection (Tyzzer's Disease ) in Foals in Northwestern United States: A Retrospective Study of 21 Cases
Authors: Turk Margaret A. M. , Gallina Anthony M. , Perryman Lance E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From Jan 1, 1967 through June 1980, 21 cases of Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in foals were diagnosed at the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. Affected foals died between 7 and 35 days of age. Of 4 Arabian foals with the disease, 2 also had combined immunodeficiency.
Physiologic and Analgesic Effects of Acupuncture in the Dog
Authors: Wright Mollie , McGrath C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two acupuncture regimens were compared as to their efficacy in inducing analgesia sufficient for midline abdominal incisions in dogs. In addition, the physiologic effects of electrostimulation of the single point that the 2 regimens had in common, Tsu-san-li (stomach or St-36), were examined. The physiologic effects were compared with those monitored during the procedure used for induction of analgesia.
Electrostimulation of 1 acupoint combination, St-36 and Yang-ling-chuan (gallbladder or GB-34), induced effective analgesia for an abdominal midline incision in 8 of 9 dogs tested (89%). The second point combination, St-36 and San-yin-chiao (spleen or Sp-6), induced effective analgesia for an abdominal midline incision in only 2 of 8 dogs tested (25%). Analgesia was inferred when an animal's struggling response during the incision procedure was absent or minimal.
Heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood pressure were monitored during acupoint stimulation. Significant changes in heart rate or respiratory rate were not detected during electrostimulation of St-36, St-36 and Sp-6, St-36 and GB-34, or randomly selected nonacupuncture metatarsal loci. Although there were statistically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure during electrostimulation of nonacupuncture points alone and of St-36 alone, the magnitude of these increases was small, ranging from 3.75 mm of Hg to 4 mm of Hg.
Electrical Alternans Associated with Pericardial Effusion in the Dog
Authors: Bonagura John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a retrospective study of 11 dogs with pericardial effusion caused by pericarditis or heart base tumors, 7 dogs (64%) had electrical alternans. In comparison, only 3 of 200 dogs (1.5%) without clinical, surgical, or necropsy evidence of pericardial disease had this electrocardiographic abnormality (P<0.01).
Sarcocystosis in Goats: Clinical Signs and Pathologic and Hematologic Findings
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Speer C. A. , Sharma S. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical sarcocystosis was studied in 37 goats after inoculation with graded doses of sporocysts of Sarcocystis capracanis. Eight uninoculated goats served as controls. Clinical response varied with the dose. Goats inoculated with 10–40 million sporocysts died between 11 and 13 days after inoculation (dai), from interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis, and necrosis of mesenteric lymph nodes. All goats inoculated with 100,000 or 1 million sporocysts died between 19 and 23 dai; clinical signs were anorexia, fever (40–41 C), anemia, and weight loss. Four of 4 goats inoculated with 50,000 sporocysts and 1 of 4 inoculated with 10,000 sporocysts died 24, 28, 39, 68, and 61 dai, respectively. Goats inoculated with 1,000 sporocysts and uninoculated goats remained clinically normal.
After day 18 and before day 68, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content decreased to as low as 11% and 3.6 g/dl, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were inconsistently increased. Blood urea nitrogen and bilirubin values were increased, reaching as high as 63 mg/dl and 10 mg/dl, respectively. Histologically, thymic atrophy, vasculitis, hepatitis, cholangitis, myocarditis, generalized myositis, and encephalomyelitis were the main microscopic findings. The cause of the anemia in goats that died after day 19 was not determined.
Canine Blastomycosis: A Review of 47 Clinical Cases
Authors: Legendre Alfred M. , Walker Michael , Buyukmihci Ned , Stevens Renee 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In a limited retrospective survey, canine blastomycosis was found to be a disease affecting predominantly young, male dogs of the larger breeds. Clinical signs usually related to weight loss and to respiratory and ocular problems. The agar-gel immunodiffusion test was helpful in establishing a diagnosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic evaluation of aspiration or excision biopsies. Of 22 dogs treated with amphotericin B, 18 were clinically normal 6 months after initiation of therapy.
Bovine Salmonellosis Attributed to Salmonella anatum-Contaminated Haylage and Dietary Stress
Authors: Glickman Lawrence T. , McDonough Patrick L. , Shin Sang J. , Fairbrother John M. , LaDue Robert L. , King Stanley E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An epizootic of salmonellosis in a dairy herd started 2 days after the feeding of a new shipment of medicinal-smelling soybean meal. Clinical findings consisted of diarrhea or fever (> 39 C), or both, and markedly decreased milk production. The attack rate was 73% in lactating cows, 3% in calves, and 0% in nonlactating cows. There were no deaths, but 1 cow aborted a late-term fetus. Salmonella anatum was isolated from feces, milk, pharynx, uterine fluid, haylage, and bird droppings from a hayfield. The epidemiologic findings suggested that haylage contaminated by wild birds and improperly stored in a silo was the source of infection and that the precipitating event was ingestion of spoiled soybean meal.
Gentamicin Aerosol Therapy in 18 Dogs: Failure To Induce Detectable Serum Concentrations of the Drug
Authors: Riviere J. Edmond , Silver George R. , Coppoc Gordon L. , Richardson Ralph C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gentamicin was administered as an aerosol to 18 dogs, using a pneumatic nebulizer attached to a face mask. Serum samples were assayed for gentamicin by radioimmunoassay. The antibiotic was not detected in the serum of any dog. It was concluded that the aerosol administration of gentamicin could be considered as topical therapy of the upper respiratory tract and would not induce therapeutic or toxic systemic drug concentrations.
Surgical Management of Uterine Torsion in the Mare: A Review of 26 Cases
Authors: Pascoe John R. , Meagher Dennis M. , Wheat J. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Uterine torsion was diagnosed in 26 mares of various breeds. The mean duration of gestation was 9.6 months. The most common clinical history was intermittent unresponsive colic of varying duration. Diagnosis of uterine torsion was confirmed by rectal palpation, and surgical correction was achieved in most cases by standing flank laparotomy and manual repositioning of the gravid uterus. Recumbent laparotomy was used only if the mare was intractable, the uterus was ruptured, or hysterotomy was indicated. Of 20 foals determined to be alive during surgery, 14 (70%) were subsequently born alive.
Comparison of Methods for Femoral Fracture Repair in Young Calves
Authors: Ames N. Kent 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The right femurs of 12 Holstein calves were fractured and repaired with intramedullary pins, half-pin assemblies, or bone plates and screws. Nine calves survived the 6-week experiment. One calf with each type of internal fixation was equipped with either a modified Thomas splint, an Ehmer sling, or had no external fixation.
At necropsy, 42 days after surgery, the femurs with intramedullary pins were healing with slight malalignment and overriding. The femurs with halfpin assemblies were considered nonunions, with severe overriding, malalignment, and osteomyelitis; the femurs with bone plates and screws were healing, although the screws had loosened and allowed overriding with rotational malalignment of the fractures.
The calves equipped with the Thomas splints and those with no external fixation were able to stand and to walk earlier and with less difficulty than the calves with the limb placed in an Ehmer sling.
Estradiol-17β Cyclopentylpropionate and Prostaglandin F2α for Induction of Abortion During the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Feedlot Heifers
Authors: Refsal K. R. , Seguin B. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The ability of estradiol-17β cyclopentylpropionate (ecp, 20 mg) and prostaglandin F2α (pgf2α; 5,10, 20, and 40 mg) to induce abortion during early gestation (days 40 to 90, as estimated by palpation per rectum) in pregnant feedlot heifers was compared. All treatments were given by im injection. All heifers treated with 20 and 40 mg of pgf2α aborted within 7 days after treatment. Six of 10 heifers aborted in the same period after ecp treatment; 1 additional heifer aborted by day 13. Abortions did not occur by day 13 in 10 placebo-treated heifers. Five and 10 mg of pgf2α aborted 2 of 3 and 8 of 10 heifers, respectively, within 7 days of treatment. Quantitation of serum progesterone by specific radioimmunoassay showed that a luteolytic effect was evident in aborting heifers. Complications were not detected in any heifers after treatment or abortion. Ten of the 20 heifers that aborted in response to the 20- and 40-mg doses of pgf2α developed a new corpora lutea by day 20 after treatment. However, none of the heifers that aborted after ecp treatment had a corpus luteum by day 20.
It was concluded that pgf2α is a more effective compound than ecp for induction of abortion during the 1st trimester of pregnancy in feedlot heifers, that a wide range of pgf2α doses are capable of inducing abortion in at least some animals treated, and that heifers are likely to resume ovarian activity sooner if aborted with pgf2α than with ecp.
Prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris and Parascaris equorum in Kentucky Thoroughbreds at Necropsy
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Swerczek T. W. , Crowe M. W. , Tolliver S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
At necropsy of 49 Thoroughbreds from farms with generally good parasite control programs in central Kentucky, examination was specifically made for presence of Strongylus vulgaris in all of the horses and of Parascaris equorum in 21 of them. None of the deaths of the horses was caused by infections of internal parasites. Visceral arteries were examined for specimens of S vulgaris and lesions related to migrating stages of this parasite. Contents of the small intestines were examined for P equorum.
Specimens of S vulgaris were recovered from 19 (39%) horses, and arterial lesions were observed in 24 (49%) of them. Parascaris equorum was found in 9 (43%) horses. Both parasites were found to persist in generally low numbers on farms in spite of their parasite control programs applied in recent years.
Results of Urinalysis and Bacterial Culture of Canine Urine Obtained by Antepubic Cystocentesis, Catheterization, and the Midstream Voided Methods
Authors: Comer Karen M. , Ling Gerald V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of urinalysis and bacterial culture of urine specimens obtained during midstream voiding, by catheterization, and by cystocentesis were studied in 50 clinically normal dogs (25 females and 25 males). All of the specimens obtained by cystocentesis were bacteriologically sterile. Bacterial growth occurred in 26% of the catheterized specimens and in 85% of the voided specimens. The proportion of positive urine cultures from catheterized and voided specimens was higher for females than for males. Results of urinalysis did not correlate well with results of bacterial culture.
Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis in a Woodchuck Suspected of Having Rabies
Authors: Kazacos Kevin R. , Appel Georg O. , Thacker H. Leon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A young woodchuck (Marmota monax) with a history of cns dysfunction and abnormal behavior was submitted frozen to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, as a rabies suspect. The woodchuck was negative for rabies by the fluorescent antibody test. Histologically, multifocal areas of necrosis, malacia, and inflammation were seen in sections of cerebrum, midbrain, and cerebellum, accompanied by marked perivascular cuffing with eosinophils and lymphocytes. Sections of lung contained parasitic granulomas, one of which contained a large ascarid larva identified as Baylisascaris sp. The cns lesions were typical of parasite migration, and resembled those commonly associated with infection with Baylisascaris larvae of raccoon or skunk origin. Cerebrospinal nematodiasis was diagnosed as the cause of the nervous disorder.
Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni from Zoo Animals
Authors: Luechtefeld Nancy W. , Cambre Richard C. , Wang Wen-Lan Lou 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Over a 1-year period, 619 fecal specimens from animals at the Denver Zoo were cultured for Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni. The organism was isolated from 35 animals, including 12 primates, 2 felids, a red panda, 13 hooved animals, 6 birds, and 1 reptile. Of 44 cultured fecal specimens from diarrheal animals, 31.8% were positive for Campylobacter, whereas only 5.6% of 575 specimens from animals without diarrhea were positive (P<0.001). Among 25 isolates tested, 12 serotypes were represented; several of these serotypes are commonly associated with Campylobacter enteritis in human beings.
Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni was isolated from 8% of 75 wild pigeons trapped on the zoo premises during winter months and from 26% of 75 trapped during March and April (P<0.01).
Comparative Pathology of the African Form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Captive Indian Gaur and Domestic Cattle
Authors: Zimmer Mark A. , McCoy C. Patrick , Jensen J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The African strain of malignant catarrhal fever virus was isolated and identified in a herd of captive Indian gaur (Bos gaurus). Gross lesions included oral ulcerations, corneal opacity, and multifocal myocarditis. Microscopic lesions were characterized by lymphocytic vasculitis/perivasculitis in all tissues examined. Blood was serially passed from a gaur to a domestic heifer (Bos taurus), and then to a domestic calf. Clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions similar to those of the gaur were seen in both inoculated animals.
Hepatopathy Associated with Excessive Iron Storage in Mynah Birds
Authors: Randell Martin G. , Patnaik Amiya K. , Gould W. Jay 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hepatic disease was diagnosed in 11 mynah birds. The most common clinical signs were dyspnea, weight loss, and abdominal swelling, usually accompanied by ascites. Radiography (9 birds) revealed hepatomegaly and ascites in most cases, and laboratory testing (6 birds) revealed hypoproteinemia and high activity of liver enzymes in all cases. Histologic examination (6 birds) revealed variable amounts of iron granule accumulation in hepatocytes, indicating hemochromatosis. Therapy consisted of administration of diuretics and abdominocentesis in dyspneic birds. All birds died, with survival time ranging from 1 day to 1 year.
Cranial Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Neurologic Disorders in Two Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Janssen Donald L. , Hammock M. Kathryn , Davis David O. , Bush Mitchell 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cranial computed tomography (cct) was used to evaluate neurologic disorders in 2 primates. In the 1st case, acute left hemiparesis developed in an adult female proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). A cct scan revealed a right frontal lobe abscess that was subsequently surgically drained. In the 2nd case, a juvenile black spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) experienced recurrent seizures following an episode of trauma and anoxia. A cct scan demonstrated enlarged lateral ventricles and cerebral atrophy. Computed tomography proved to be a valuable technique for localizing and characterizing brain lesions in these 2 primates, after more conventional methods of investigation had failed to establish diagnoses.
Radiographic Appearance of Canine Parvovirus Enteritis
Authors: Farrow C. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixty dogs with serologically proved parvovirus infection were radiographically evaluated for signs of gastrointestinal disease. Patient grouping was based on duration of illness, which correlated generally with severity of clinical signs. Early in the disease, the radiographic appearance usually was normal. As the disease progressed, abnormal gas and fluid distention of the small bowel became evident. Contrast radiographic findings usually were normal early in the disease but became abnormal as the disease progressed. Vomiting of the contrast agent, delayed gastrointestinal transit time, flocculation, and abnormal bowel patterns were observed frequently.
It was concluded that noncontrast radiographic features of canine parvovirus enteritis often were similar to those identified in other gastrointestinal disorders and, therefore, were not always specific for the disease. Results of contrast radiography, however, were highly specific for parvovirus enteritis. Intestinal contrast examination was believed to be a reliable means of differentiating parvovirus enteritis from clinically similar disorders and in ruling out primary or secondary intestinal obstruction.
The duration of illness was correlated with the number, severity, and nature of radiographic signs.