bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 hybrid as efficient catalyst for ammonium nitrate
Authors: Nourine Manel , Boulkadid Moulai Karim , Touidjine Sabri , Louafi Elamine , Akbi Hamdane , Abdelali Hamoud , Yahia Zakaria Moulay , Belkhiri Samir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this investigation, we successfully synthesized a hybrid material, N‐rGO@Fe2O3, via a one‐step hydrothermal process, comprising nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide and α‐Fe2O3. Thorough characterization using diverse analytical methods validated its structure. Employing this hybrid composite as a catalyst, we studied its efficacy in the catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN). The N‐rGO@Fe2O3/AN composite was prepared using a recurrent spray coating method with 3 % mass of the hybrid material. Thermo‐gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses were employed to investigate the catalytic effect. Computational assessment of Arrhenius parameters was conducted through isoconversional kinetic approaches. Results from the kinetic analysis allowed the determination of the critical ignition temperature. Furthermore, calorific values for pure AN and N‐rGO@Fe2O3/AN were measured using an oxygen calorimetric bombe, revealing a 41 % reduction in activation energy barrier and a lowering of the critical ignition temperature from 292 °C to 283 °C upon incorporation of the hybrid material. Notably, the surface modification of AN with N‐rGO@Fe2O3 resulted in an increase of 1440 J/g in the observed calorific values. These findings highlight the potential of N‐rGO@Fe2O3 as an effective catalyst, offering promising implications for applications in enhancing ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition.
Strategies to Create Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Food Industry
Authors: Mohammadi Maedeh , Sheidaei Zhaleh , Farhoodi Mehdi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the use of nature‐inspired superhydrophobic coatings in various industries and daily life has attracted a lot of attention due to the unparalleled features of these coatings. Also, many efforts are made to produce coatings that are based on natural, degradable and nontoxic materials. The purpose of this review article is to collect and introduce the latest environmentally friendly methods of manufacturing food‐related superhydrophobic coatings. Coating fruits to postpone their spoilage, producing packages that eliminate residual food after consumption and creating antimicrobial substrates in industries like dairy are some of the applications of these coatings in the food industry.
Springing loads analysis of large‐scale container ships in regular waves
Authors: Feng Qian‐Dong , Wen Liang‐Jun , Jiang Cai‐Xia , Wang Xue‐Liang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydroelastic effects are particularly pronounced in ultralarge container ships due to their substantial size and high velocity. The computation of combined torsional and bending moments presents a challenge, exacerbated by warping effects. This study focuses on the investigation of wave loads, encompassing vertical, horizontal, and torsional moments, through model tests on a 20,000 TEU container ship. A 1/77 scale model featuring an open U‐shaped backbone was crafted to simultaneously simulate and measure longitudinal, horizontal, and torsional stiffness, along with these loads. Wave loads on the hull, including those resulting from springing effects, were calculated in regular waves, employing hydroelastic theory and accounting for hydrodynamic forces. The study also delves into the characteristics and analysis of spring effects within the wave loads on the hull. The insights garnered from this research contribute to the fatigue analysis and safety assessments of ship structures.
Nonlinear cascade control based on an integral separated disturbance observer of proportional poppet valve
Authors: Shi Wenzhuo , Guo Kai , Li Shizhen , Li Zhiwu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe large flow rate proportional poppet valve (PPV) finds widespread use in high‐power hydraulic systems. However, the indispensable dead‐zone nonlinearity that guarantees the safe shut‐off of the PPV will cause a tracking lag when a command goes outside the dead‐zone. The lag should be properly solved in a controller, which is a highlight of this study. Simultaneously, achieving high tracking precision in a PPV is necessary to meet the demands of advanced hydraulic systems. In this study, a practical nonlinear controller based on an integral separated disturbance observer is proposed to improve the performance of a PPV. In particular, the lag could be alleviated and the high tracking precision achieved simultaneously by enabling or disabling a disturbance observer in the proposed controller. A separation coefficient is proposed for the disturbance observer to detach the integral action from the controller and avert the deep input saturation of the pilot stage. Additionally, the command filtering technology is applied to the nonlinear controller to improve its interference resisting capacity in the industrial environment. The stability and effectiveness of the proposed controller are proved in theory and verified by experiments.
Navigating complexity with the four pillars of social sustainability
Authors: Nilsson Caroline , Levin Tarina , Colding Johan , Sjöberg Stefan , Barthel Stephan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbstract The concept of social sustainability has long been a subject of discussion within academic literature and practitioners. However, there remains a lack of clarity in its definition and scholars argue that this can impacting the legitimacy of addressing social sustainability challenges. Through a systematic literature review and a content analysis, we shed light on the multifaceted discourse surrounding the concept of social sustainability, elucidating its diverse applications and meanings portrayed and defined within scholarly discourse. Our findings show that the concept predominantly revolves around four prevalent categories: “Equity,” “Well‐being,” “Participation and Influence,” and ‘Social Capital. Based on results, we develop and present a novel analytical framework of the four pillars of social sustainability, referred to as the “SoSuCompass,” representing a conceptual framework to clarify the concept's multifaceted nature. The framework can serve as a tool for a fuller comprehension of the definition of social sustainability.
Glass‐Like Phonon Dynamics and Thermal Transport in a GeTe Nano‐Composite at Low Temperature
Authors: Cravero R. , Tlili A. , Paterson J. , Tomelleri M. , Marcello P. , Debord R. , Pailhès S. , Bourgeois O. , Hippert F. , Le Qui D. , Raty J.‐Y. , Noe P. , Giordano V. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, the experimental evidence of glass‐like phonon dynamics and thermal conductivity in a nanocomposite made of GeTe and amorphous carbon is reported, which is of interest for microelectronics, and specifically phase change memories. It is shown that, the total thermal conductivity is reduced by a factor of three at room temperature with respect to pure GeTe, due to the reduction of both electronic and phononic contributions. This latter, similarly to glasses, is small and weakly increasing with temperature between 100 and 300 K, indicating a mostly diffusive thermal transport and reaching a value of 0.86(7) Wm−1K−1 at room temperature. A thorough investigation of the nanocomposite's phonon dynamics reveals the appearance of an excess intensity in the low energy vibrational density of states, reminiscent of the Boson peak in glasses. These features can be understood in terms of an enhanced phonon scattering at the interfaces, due to the presence of elastic heterogeneities, at wavelengths in the 2–20 nm range. The findings confirm recent simulation results on crystalline/amorphous nanocomposites and open new perspectives in phonon and thermal engineering through the direct manipulation of elastic heterogeneities.
Photo‐Driven Ion Directional Transport across Artificial Ion Channels: Band Engineering of WS2 via Peptide Modification
Authors: Jin Xiaoyan , Zeng Yabing , Zhou Min , Quan Di , Jia Meijuan , Liu Biying , Cai Kaicong , Kang Lei , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiological photo‐responsive ion channels play important roles in the important metabolic processes of living beings. To mimic the unique functions of biological prototypes, the transition metal dichalcogenides, owing to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, are already used for artificial intelligent channel constructions. However, there remain challenges to building artificial bio‐semiconductor nanochannels with finely tuned band gaps for accurately simulating or regulating ion transport. Here, two well‐designed peptides are employed for the WS2 nanosheets functionalization with the sequences of PFPFPFPFC and DFDFDFDFC (PFC and DFC; P: proline, D: aspartate, and F: phenylalanine) through cysteine (Cys, C) linker, and an asymmetric peptide‐WS2 membrane (AP‐WS2M) could be obtained via self‐assembly of peptide‐WS2 nanosheets. The AP‐WS2M could realize the photo‐driven anti‐gradient ion transport and vis‐light enhanced osmotic energy conversion by well‐designed working patterns. The photo‐driven ion transport mechanism stems from a built‐in photovoltaic motive force with the help of formed type II band alignment between the PFC‐WS2 and DFC‐WS2. As a result, the ions would be driven across the channels of the membrane for different applications. The proposed system provides an effective solution for building photo‐driven biomimetic 2D bio‐semiconductor ion channels, which could be extensively applied in the fields of drug delivery, desalination, and energy conversion.
Intramolecular Quaternary Carbon Nitride Homojunction for Enhanced Visible Light Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhong Xiang , Zhu Yuxiang , Wang Yan , Jia Zhengtao , Jiang Meng , Sun Qiufan , Yao Jianfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, an intramolecular carbon nitride (CN)‐based quaternary homojunction functionalized with pyridine rings is prepared via an in situ alkali‐assisted copolymerization strategy of bulk CN and 2‐aminopyridine for efficient visible light hydrogen generation. In the obtained structure, triazine‐based CN (TCN), heptazine‐based CN (HCN), pyridine unit incorporated TCN, and pyridine ring inserted HCN constitute a special multicomponent system and form a built‐in electric field between the crystalline semiconductors by the arrangement of energy band levels. The electron‐withdrawing function of the conjugated heterocycle can trigger the skeleton delocalization and edge induction effect. Highly accelerated photoelectron‐hole transfer rates via multi‐stepwise charge migration pathways are achieved by the synergistic effect of the functional group modification and molecular quaternary homojunction. Under the addition of 5 mg 2‐aminopyridine, the resulting homojunction framework exhibits a significantly improved hydrogen evolution rate of 6.64 mmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 12.27% at 420 nm. Further, the catalyst verifies its potential commercial value since it can produce hydrogen from various real water environments. This study provides a reliable way for the rational design and fabrication of intramolecular multi‐homojunction to obtain high‐efficient photocatalytic reactions.
Quantum encryption of healthcare images: Enhancing security and confidentiality in e‐health systems
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed J. , Atia Tayseer S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnsuring the security and privacy of patient data in e‐healthcare systems that rely on cloud computation is of utmost importance. Traditional encryption is no longer resistant to quantum attacks and safeguards sensitive medical images. To tackle this issue, robust security countermeasures are proposed by integrating quantum encryption with a cloud‐based healthcare system. The encryption scheme utilizes the Generalized Novel Enhancement Quantum Representation (GNEQR) and the Novel Enhancement Quantum Representation (NEQR) to provide a framework for representing color and grayscale healthcare images. The proposed quantum algorithm uses quantum logic for image scrambling, which is combined with the encryption key by the Xor quantum gate. The encryption key is generated by 9D chaotic and permutated before encryption. Finally, channel re‐ordering is applied for color images. The simulation results for 15 medical tests with an encryption key space >2600 on a developed e‐healthcare system demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed work where the average number of pixels change rates was 99.82, while the unified average change intensity rate was 33.51, entropy was 7.9, the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal correlation coefficients averaged 0.000533333, 0.000706667, and 0.00076, respectively. Finally, the mean squared error (MSE) between the original and encrypted images was 10203.72. These findings improve digital healthcare by revealing the solutions' performance, security, and efficacy.
Calibration‐Free Height Estimation for Person
Authors: Takeda Toshiaki , Bandoh Yukihiro , Kitahara Masaki , Mikami Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDemand for use of indoor and outdoor surveillance cameras to prevent crime, analyze customer behavior in commercial facilities and other purposes has been increasing. For these types of applications, it is important to be able to estimate information that cannot be observed directly from the images, using the image data. One such type of information is the height of people appearing in the video. People's heights can be used, for example, to help identify a suspect in a crime investigation or as an attribute to understand customers better for marketing. However, many conventional technologies for estimating height from images have required special calibration, or the acquisition of other information in addition to the video. This paper proposes a method for estimating a person's height using only an image, without the need for any special calibration. The key points of the proposed method involve the following two processes. In the first process, a reference object of known size and the person are recognized and the person's height is estimated based on the relative sizes of the person and reference object in the image. The second process involves selecting frames from the video that are appropriate for use in the estimation process. In practical experiments using real video, the method was able to estimate people's heights with an average estimation error of 1.9%. © 2024 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Providing Proximal Rewards: Rethinking Reading Rewards and Motivation
Authors: Brandt Lorilynn , Gardner Douglas S. , Clark Sarah K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch shows a general declining trend in reading motivation as students progress through their schooling experience. This qualitative study examines how adjusting practices of rewarding reading can improve reading motivation among students. Teachers are trained in the principles of motivation and introduced to the proximal reward theory (Gambrell, 1996). They are then challenged to come up with ideas for proximal rewards and implement them appropriately for their classrooms, replacing prior incentives of food and prizes. Qualitative data are collected through classroom observations, interviews, and teacher journaling. Outcomes showed teachers' ability to plan and implement appropriate approximal rewards increased as did the teachers' confidence in their effectiveness, while students also increased in motivation for reading tasks.
Evaluation of peritoneal l‐lactate concentration in horses in the early post‐partum period
Authors: Rapezzano Giulia , Marcatili Marco , Stephenson Richard , Pereira Regina , Hallowell Gayle , Duz Marco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal fluid lactate concentration is an important diagnostic tool in horses with abdominal pain. Information on peritoneal lactate concentrations is lacking following parturition in the mare.ObjectivesTo compare blood and peritoneal lactate concentrations in a population of mares within 36 h post‐partum, report a normal reference range and identify any impact of retained foetal membranes (RFMs).MethodsThis is a retrospective study evaluating healthy mares from which blood and peritoneal samples had been obtained within 36 h of parturition. Exclusion criteria included signs of abdominal pain within this period. Data was interrogated for normality using a Shapiro–Wilk test. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and Bland–Altman analysis were used to compare blood and peritoneal lactate concentrations. Linear regression was used to compare age and breed data with peritoneal lactate concentrations. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.ResultsForty mares met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 12.6 ± 4.1 years, and most mares were multiparous (65%). Peritoneal lactate ((1.2 (IQR = 0.9–1.6) mmol/L) was increased compared to blood lactate concentration (0.7 (IQR = 0–1.1)mmol/L; p < 0.001). Plasma total protein (TP) concentrations were 68 (IQR = 64–74) g/L and peritoneal protein concentrations 8 (IQR = 4–9.7) g/L. Six mares developed RFM. The median fold‐increase in peritoneal lactate concentration compared to blood lactate concentration was 0.9 (IQR: 0.01–1.7; range: 0–2.5). The reference range for peritoneal fluid lactate concentration was 0–2.5 mmol/L.ConclusionPeritoneal lactate concentrations in healthy post‐partum mares remained within the normal reference range and were not influenced by RFM or parturition. Increased peritoneal lactate in this group warrants further investigation.
Optimising nutrition and consumption for better health: An analysis of noncommunicable disease strategies in the organisation for economic co‐operation and development nations
Authors: Sinimole K. R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe role of nutrition in promoting health and reducing the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is vital, yet both inadequate and excessive food consumption can be detrimental. Moreover, excessive smoking and alcohol consumption contribute to higher mortality rates. Countries have implemented policies, strategies, and awareness campaigns to combat NCD‐related deaths. Within this context, the study aims to assess the relative efficiency of Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries in preventing chronic NCDs by considering nutritional supply and smoking and alcohol consumption as inputs. It also seeks to identify countries' best policies and strategies to reduce regular NCD‐related death rates, emphasizing the importance of selecting and implementing adaptive strategies locally. This study employs slack‐based measurement (SBM) data envelopment analysis (SBM‐DEA). The mean efficiency score across the countries is 0.95, with a standard deviation of 0.09, indicating a generally high‐efficiency level. Twenty‐nine countries with an efficiency score of 1 are deemed relatively efficient. Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Korea, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, and the United States did not achieve relative efficiency in NCD management. The findings highlight the importance of considering the unique context of each country when designing and implementing NCD prevention and management strategies. The study emphasizes the need for regular evaluation and appropriate measurement methods to assess the achievement of targets and address implementation challenges. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of adopting a comprehensive, coordinated approach to ensure the effectiveness of NCD policies and underscores the need for flexibility and adaptability in addressing NCDs.
Basics and Definitions
Authors: Münster Sander , Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Bluemel Ina , Fallavollita Federico , Foschi Riccardo , Grellert Marc , Ioannides Marinos , Jahn Peter Heinrich , Kurdiovsky Richard , Kuroczyński Piotr , Lutteroth Jan-Eric , Messemer Heike , Schelbert Georg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces key concepts of 3D modeling in the humanities. A 3D model can represent a great variety of objects. The objects of 3D modeling of historical architecture are lost or extant buildings, their modifications, and designs that were never executed. These buildings are as much part of the cultural heritage as their plans. The chapter begins with a survey of source-based historical knowledge as the basis of analysis, historic interpretation, and reconstruction of any historical situation. It then addresses modeling in general as a scientific practice, its use in architecture, and the advantages of its digitization.
Scholarly Community
Authors: Münster Sander , Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Bluemel Ina , Fallavollita Federico , Foschi Riccardo , Grellert Marc , Ioannides Marinos , Jahn Peter Heinrich , Kurdiovsky Richard , Kuroczyński Piotr , Lutteroth Jan-Eric , Messemer Heike , Schelbert Georg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the scholarly communities in which the digital 3D reconstruction is used as a method. (Visual) digital humanities—besides digital heritage and humanities disciplines such as digital art history or digital archaeology—marks the disciplinary space in which 3D reconstruction in the humanities is discussed and methodologically anchored. The chapter describes whether the method of digital 3D reconstruction can be considered an individual scholarly field and how it would be determined.
Paradoxes: A Natural Deduction Approach
Authors: Tranchini Luca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chapter introduces the Prawitz-Tennant analysis of paradoxes, according to which paradoxes are derivations of a contradiction which cannot be brought into normal form, due to “loops” arising in the process of reduction. After presenting Prawitz’ original formulation of Russell’s paradox, we introduce a simplified presentation of it, and then discuss the relevance of the difference between intuitionistic and classical logic and of structural properties of derivability for the Prawitz-Tennant analysis.
Incorporation
Authors: Barrientos Armando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers an examination of the incorporation effects of social protection in Latin America. The analysis focuses on two intertwined elements: (i) the features of the ‘critical realignments’ shaping the incorporation effects of the emergent institutions; and (ii) the theories that can be brought to bear to explain change. The main findings from the chapter can be summarised as follows. First, developments in social protection in the region are primarily explained by processes of incorporation and disincorporation of wage earners. Second, in Latin America the incorporation and disincorporation effects of social protection institutions confirm that intra-class (wage earners) fragmentation and aggregation is more important than inter-class coalitions for the politics of welfare institutions. Third, identifying and studying critical realignments is essential to explaining changes in social protection institutions and the resulting processes of incorporation and disincorporation. Fourth, it makes sense to seek to develop theoretical frameworks from an understanding of the Latin American context. Fifth, the literature on the politics of social protection appears to have an in-built elite bias. Focusing on the incorporation effects of social protection institutions shifts attention to wage earners, the primary actors of social protection.