bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet Cognitive Testing of Large Samples Needed in Genetic Research
Authors: Haworth Claire M. A. , Harlaar Nicole , Kovas Yulia , Davis Oliver S. P. , Oliver Bonamy R. , Hayiou-Thomas Marianna E. , Frances Jane , Busfield Patricia , McMillan Andrew , Dale Philip S. , Plomin Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractQuantitative and molecular genetic research requires large samples to provide adequate statistical power, but it is expensive to test large samples in person, especially when the participants are widely distributed geographically. Increasing access to inexpensive and fast Internet connections makes it possible to test large samples efficiently and economically online. Reliability and validity of Internet testing for cognitive ability have not been previously reported; these issues are especially pertinent for testing children. We developed Internet versions of reading, language, mathematics and general cognitive ability tests and investigated their reliability and validity for 10- and 12-year-old children. We tested online more than 2500 pairs of 10-year-old twins and compared their scores to similar internet-based measures administered online to a subsample of the children when they were 12 years old (> 759 pairs). Within 3 months of the online testing at 12 years, we administered standard paper and pencil versions of the reading and mathematics tests in person to 30 children (15 pairs of twins). Scores on Internet-based measures at 10 and 12 years correlated .63 on average across the two years, suggesting substantial stability and high reliability. Correlations of about .80 between Internet measures and in-person testing suggest excellent validity. In addition, the comparison of the internet-based measures to ratings from teachers based on criteria from the UK National Curriculum suggests good concurrent validity for these tests. We conclude that Internet testing can be reliable and valid for collecting cognitive test data on large samples even for children as young as 10 years.
Depressive Symptomatology in Child and Adolescent Twins With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Piek Jan P. , Rigoli Daniela , Pearsall-Jones Jillian G. , Martin Neilson C. , Hay David A. , Bennett Kellie S. , Levy Florence 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated a link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and depression. The present study utilized a monozygotic (MZ) differences design to investigate differences in depressive symptomatology between MZ twins discordant for ADHD or DCD. This extends previous research as it controls for genetic effects and shared environmental influences and enables the investigation of nonshared environmental influences. In addition, children and adolescents with comorbid ADHD and DCD were compared on their level of depressive symptomatology to those with ADHD only, DCD only, and no ADHD or DCD. The parent-rated Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior, Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, and Sad Affect Scale were used to assess ADHD, DCD, and depressive symptomatology respectively. The results revealed higher levels of depressive symptomatology in MZ twins with ADHD or DCD compared to their nonaffected co-twins. In addition, children and adolescents with comorbid ADHD and DCD demonstrated higher levels of depressive symptomatology compared to those with ADHD only, DCD only, and no ADHD or DCD. The implications of these findings are discussed with emphasis on understanding and recognizing the relationship between ADHD, DCD, and depression in the assessment and intervention for children and adolescents with these disorders.
Large-Scale Zygosity Testing Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Hannelius Ulf , Gherman Loreana , Mäkelä Ville-Veikko , Lindstedt Astrid , Zucchelli Marco , Lagerberg Camilla , Tybring Gunnel , Kere Juha , Lindgren Cecilia M 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA requirement for performing robust genetic and statistical analyses on twins is correctly assigned zygosities. In order to increase the power to detect small risk factors of disease, zygosity testing should also be amenable for high throughput screening. In this study we validate and implement the use of a panel of 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for reliable high throughput zygosity testing and compare it to a panel of 16 short tandem repeats (STRs). We genotyped both genomic (gDNA) and whole genome amplified DNA (WGA DNA), ending up with 47 SNP and 11 STR markers fulfilling our quality criteria. Out of 99 studied twin pairs, 2 were assigned a different zygosity using SNP and STR data as compared to self reported zygosity in a questionnaire. We also performed a sensitivity analysis based on simulated data where we evaluated the effects of genotyping error, shifts in allele frequencies and missing data on the qualitative zygosity assignments. The frequency of false positives was less than 0.01 when assuming a 1% genotyping error, a decrease of 10% of the observed minor allele frequency compared to the actual values and up to 10 missing markers. The SNP markers were also successfully genotyped on both gDNA and WGA DNA from whole blood, saliva and filter paper. In conclusion, we validate a robust panel of 47 highly multiplexed SNPs that provide reliable and high quality data on a range of different DNA templates.
Does a Probability of Breech Presentation of More Than 50% Exist Among Diseases and Medical Conditions?
Authors: Sekulić Slobodan R. , Petrović Đorde S. , Runić Radmila , Williams Mark , Vejnović Tihomir R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim was to study the effect of twin gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies on the probability of breech presentation at delivery. The hypothesis was that the probability of breech presentation was not higher than 50%. A review was undertaken of MEDLINE (1966–2004) and of the article reference list for statistical analysis of presentation at delivery among twins in a normal uterus, singleton gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies, and case studies of twins in a uterus with 2 bodies. There are 10 studies of twin gestations in a normal uterus (Twin A 3036 cases, breech presentation 22.36%; Twin B 2758 cases, breech presentation 36.87%), 2 studies of singleton gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies (297 cases, breech presentation 42.09%), and 57 case report studies of twin gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies (Twin A 56 cases, breech presentation 14.29%; Twin B 54 cases, breech presentation 18.52%). The odds ratio and chi-square test for differences in probabilities show a significantly lower incidence of breech presentation for twins in a uterus with 2 bodies compared with twins in a normal uterus (Twin A, odds ratio = 0.58; χ2 = 2.08, p > .05, Twin B, odds ratio = 0.39, χ2 = 7.67, p < .05), and singleton gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies (Twin A, odds ratio = 0.23, χ2 = 15.51, p < .05; Twin B, odds ratio = 0.31, χ2 = 10.72, p < .05). Twin gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies decrease the probability of breech presentation.
SCE Frequency Measurement Could Be Useful in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Roberts Syndrome
Authors: Bukvic Nenad , Resta Nicoletta , Bukvic Dragoslav , Susca Francesco C. , Bagnulo Rosanna , Fanelli Margherita , Guanti Ginevra 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn a previously published article (Resta et al., 2006) on Robert's syndrome in prenatal diagnosis, a case of a 36-year-old woman and her 36-year-old, nonconsanguineous husband were presented. Our findings suggest the existence of nonsense mediated decay (NMD) variability which could account for the varying severity reported in carriers of identical mutations. Furthermore, fetal cells were used to evaluate the influence of premature centromere separation (PCS) on the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) frequency. Given the similar variation observed in the SCE frequencies, dependent on tissue/cell type (amniotic fluid sample, chorionic villus sampling) and duration of in vitro cultures (48 hours or 72 hours), the idea was that this new piece of information could be interesting. It seems that the SCE frequency increased proportionally to the cell cycle increasing (1° < 2° < 3° … n). Obviously, our observations are too scarce to draw conclusions, but further investigation could be useful to corroborate or dispute these results, considering that the two techniques, (MN and SCE), are simple to perform and do not require expensive laboratory equipment.
DD Simulations of Dislocation-Crack Interaction During Fatigue
Authors: Mastorakos I. N. , Zbib H. M. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The effect of different shaped cracks on fatigue behavior in metals is investigated with the help of the discrete dislocation dynamics (DD) technique. The cracks are represented as distributions of infinitesimal dislocation loops. The distribution is determined by an integral equation satisfying stress-free boundary conditions and containing a singular kernel of the third type. The stress field in the cracked domain is calculated using a superposition principle. The derived stress field describes the interaction between the crack and the dislocations into the framework of dislocation dynamics. The simulation results provide an insight on the three-dimensional character of the dislocation structure around the crack tip and its relation to the crack shape and number of cycles. The effect of the crack on the macroscopic yield stress is also computed for various crack sizes and shapes.
The Effect of Polymeric, Ammonium Sulfate-Based Adjuvants on the Deposition of Glyphosate Spray Solutions
Authors: Rose Simon A. H. , Lyons Lynn , Whitehead Mark 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
High molecular weight polymers have been shown to improve the efficacy of systemic herbicides such as glyphosate. The mode of activity of these polymeric adjuvants is not well understood. In this study a commercial polymer/ammonium sulfate (AMS)-based adjuvant was tested with commercial glyphosate formulations. The effect of the various treatments on the mass of spray deposited, droplet bounce, and droplet run-off was determined. The polymeric/AMS adjuvant was found to improve the deposition of the commercial glyphosate formulations in that: the loss of active due to spray drift was reduced, i.e., the mass of spray deposited was increased; droplet bounce of the spray solutions was reduced, i.e., droplet retention was improved; the polymeric/AMS adjuvant did not significantly affect the angle at which droplets were detached from leaves, therefore the adjuvant should not affect droplet run-off.
The Effect of Task-Based Reading on Fl Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Mesa Raquel Esquiliche , Bruton Anthony , Ridgway Tony 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is growing evidence that incidental vocabulary learning from extensive reading may not be a very efficient or effective means of acquiring L2 vocabulary, at least in the short-term. This study investigates the effect on FL vocabulary learning of secondary school EFL students completing four task-based reading texts under two procedurally contrasted conditions: either with teacher support or with peer collaborative support. The students, in two genuine classes, read two short texts in each condition as normal timetabled activities, partly for ethical and partly for technical reasons. This is one of a few studies that have researched FL vocabulary acquisition from a number of different texts over time, and within a task-based framework. Four texts in English with both nonlinguistic and linguistic check tasks were read in total, and thirty-two vocabulary items were targeted. On the delayed L2-L1 translation recognition posttest of the targeted vocabulary items, the scores for the teacher-supported conditions were double those for the peer-supported conditions, but in both cases the scores were disappointingly low.
The SLA of Variable Structures
Authors: Geeslin Kimberly L. , Guijarro Fuentes Pedro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of copula choice, more particularly the contrast between ser and estar ('to be') in Spanish by native speakers of Portuguese. Our research differs from previous work because the first language of the participants included also contains a copula contrast. Our previous analysis of data collected in adult L1 Spanish and Portuguese L2 Spanish, and data collected in Portuguese from adult L1 Portuguese, demonstrated important differences between these groups (Geeslin & Guijarro-Fuentes, 2006). The frequency of copula selection can be seen to be a result of L1 transfer, but the predictors of copula choice do not transfer directly from L1 to the L2. We argue that one of the key focuses of investigation should be the distinction between obligatory and variable contexts (Geeslin & Guijarro-Fuentes, 2004). Moreover, one must examine the linguistic features associated with variation between these three groups. In response, the current study analyzes those contexts where copula selection is unanimous for some or all of the participants in contrast with those where all speakers exhibit variation. We aim to determine whether or not those contexts that allow variation are the source of differences between the natives and the non-natives. This study is of general interest not only to those working on L2 Spanish, but also to the growing body of research on the acquisition of variable structures in SLA.
Language Anxiety in Efl Testing Situations
Authors: Liu Meihua 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This paper reports on a study on orai English test anxiety in Chinese undergraduate EFL students at different proficiency levels. Data collected from a 34-item survey observations, and interviews revealed that (1) the majority of the students felt at least somewhat anxious about oral English tests, (2) the more proficient students tended to be less anxious, (3) oral English test anxiety negatively affected students' test performance, (4) a multitude of variables contributed to oral English test anxiety, and (5) most students felt helpless about being anxious about oral English tests. Based on these findings, some suggestions and implications are discussed.
Modulating effects in learned helplessness of dyadic dominance‐submission relations
Authors: Díaz‐Berciano Cristina , de Vicente Francisco , Fontecha Elisa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this experiment, learned helplessness was studied from an ethological perspective by examining individual differences in social dominance and its influence on the effects of helplessness. Ninety animals were used, 30 randomly selected and 60 selected because of their clear dominance or submission. Each condition (dominant, submissive, and random) was distributed in three subgroups corresponding to the triadic design. The test consisted of an escape/avoidance task. The results showed that the animals in the uncontrollable condition performed worse than those in the controllable and no treatment conditions. Social submission and dominance reduced vulnerability of the subjects against learned helplessness. Submission had a facilitating effect on subsequent learning, independently of whether pretreatment was controllability or uncontrollability. Learned mastery was observed in the submissive condition, because submission benefited the subjects in the controllable condition in comparison with the untreated subjects, and dominance impaired the subjects in the controllable condition. Aggr. Behav. 34:273–281, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of Binaphthyl‐Modified Symmetrical Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts: Substituent Effect of 4,4′,6,6′‐Positions of Binaphthyl Rings in the Asymmetric Alkylation of a Glycine Derivative
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Ueda Mitsuhiro , Tanaka Youhei , Hashimoto Takuya , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA series of symmetrical chiral phase‐transfer catalysts with 4,4′,6,6′‐tetrasubstituted binaphthyl units have been designed, and these aryl‐ and trialkylsilyl‐substituted phase‐transfer catalysts, which included a highly fluorinated catalyst, were prepared. The chiral efficiency of these chiral phase‐transfer catalysts was investigated in the asymmetric alkylation of tert‐butylglycinate–benzophenone Schiff base under mild phase‐transfer conditions, and the eminent substituent effect of the 4,4′,6,6′‐positions of the binaphthyl units on enantioselection was observed. In particular, the OctMe2Si‐substituted catalyst was found to be highly efficient for the phase‐transfer alkylation of tert‐butylglycinate–benzophenone Schiff base with various alkyl halides, including sec‐alkyl halides. The highly fluorinated catalyst was also utilized as a recyclable chiral phase‐transfer catalyst by simple extraction with fluorous solvents.
The Chemical Evolution of the Universe on its Smallest Scales: Dust in Stars, Disks and Planets
Authors: Helling Christiane , Greaves Jane , Andersen Anja C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractD15 Dust and gas in the inner accretion disk around the Herbig star MWC 147 resolved with infrared spectro‐interferometryD21 The effective temperature of OGLE‐TR‐10 – The Balmer α lineD29 Metal Injection into the Intracluster MediumD30 Eigenmodes of circumstellar dust shellsD40 Numerical Modelling Approach of Circumstellar Dust Shells Around Pulsating AGB Stars Aiming at Multi Time Scale ProcessesD45 UV radiation induced CO molecule formation patterns in low density PDRsD46 IR properties of calcite and dolomite at low temperaturesD47 Observations and Models of Dusty Giants – Past and PresentD51 A multi‐method approach to the outer layers of AGB starsD53 On the convective energy transport in M‐type brown dwarf atmospheresD70 Structure and Dust Composition of the TW Hya DiscD75 Chemical Abundances in the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal GalaxyD76 Kinematic and chemical constraints on the formation of M31's inner halo structuresD77 IR band profiles of silicate and oxide dust obtained by laboratory measurements of free‐flying particlesD98 Dust particle growth in protoplanetary disksD134 Comparative study of dust cloud modelling for substellar atmospheresD137 Photometric study of neglected binary DV PscD154 Quantitative Spectroscopy of DenebD160 Hot subluminous Ostars from the SDSSD166 Simultaneous Observations of Solar Ca II H and Ca II 8662 lines and Numerical Simulation of these linesD182 Present‐day carbon abundances in the solar vicinityD189 Detection of a giant planet around a pulsating extreme horizontal branch star: the oldest known planet?D200 Confirmation of a very young binary brown dwarf candidate with disk in ChamaeleonD208 Galaxy ages and metallicities in the cluster A1314D217 Charge‐dipole induced dust gelation – fastening the process of dust growth in protoplanetary disksD246 Protoplanetary Disk Structure and Evolution
Teaching Astronomy
Authors: Schulz Andreas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractG104 MONET/Astronomie & Internet: Remote‐Beobachtungen und einen astronomischen Bildverarbeitungscurriculum für SchulenG167 eVELA (elektronische Verwaltung für E‐Learning in der Astronomie und Astrophysik) und die Lernumgebung ASTROID
The medial and lateral bellies of gastrocnemius: A cadaveric and ultrasound investigation
Authors: Antonios Tony , Adds Philip J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIt is commonly reported that the medial belly (MG) of the gastrocnemius muscle extends further distally than the lateral belly (LG). This observation is made in several standard anatomy texts with no explanation or quantitative data. In this study, the medial and lateral bellies of gastrocnemius in 45 embalmed cadavers were measured. The observed difference in length of the two bellies was found to be highly significant (mean difference in length = 1.74 cm, P < 0.001). In 8 out of 84 legs examined (9.5%), however, the MG was found to be shorter than the LG (three right legs, five left legs, bilateral in two individuals). Surprisingly, there was no correlation between the difference in muscle belly length in any individual and ipsilateral leg length or total body length, suggesting that the difference in belly length may be unrelated to biomechanical function. An ultrasound investigation into the activity pattern of the two bellies was carried out on five volunteers. Muscle activity was monitored during passive and active movements of the ankle and knee joints at different leg positions. During knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion, the LG contracted first in four of the five subjects, followed by the MG, then a period of either LG predomination or equal contraction. The fifth subject, who showed a reversed pattern of activity, had previously suffered an inversion injury of the ankle. We suggest that the initial activation of the LG may help to stabilize the ankle during plantarflexion. We found no evidence that gastrocnemius acts as a shunt muscle during distraction of the knee. Clin. Anat. 21:66–74, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Burnworth Mark , Rowan Stuart J. , Weder Christoph 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlong with biological and nuclear threats, chemical warfare agents are some of the most feared weapons of mass destruction. Compared to nuclear weapons they are relatively easy to access and deploy, which makes them in some aspects a greater threat to national and global security. A particularly hazardous class of chemical warfare agents are the nerve agents. Their rapid and severe effects on human health originate in their ability to block the function of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that is vital to the central nervous system. This article outlines recent activities regarding the development of molecular sensors that can visualize the presence of nerve agents (and related pesticides) through changes of their fluorescence properties. Three different sensing principles are discussed: enzyme‐based sensors, chemically reactive sensors, and supramolecular sensors. Typical examples are presented for each class and different fluorescent sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents are summarized and compared.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions with N‐Boc and N‐Cbz Protected α‐Amido Sulfones (Boc: tert‐Butoxycarbonyl, Cbz: Benzyloxycarbonyl)
Authors: Marianacci Olindo , Micheletti Gabriele , Bernardi Luca , Fini Francesco , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Pettersen Daniel , Sgarzani Valentina , Ricci Alfredo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDifferent malonates and β‐ketoesters can react with N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐ (N‐Boc) and N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐ (N‐Cbz) protected α‐amido sulfones in an organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich‐type reaction. The reaction makes use of a simple and easily obtained phase‐transfer catalyst and proceeds under very mild and user‐friendly conditions. The optimised protocol avoids the preparation and the isolation of the relatively unstable N‐Boc and N‐Cbz imines that are generated in situ from the bench‐stable α‐amido sulfones. The corresponding Mannich bases are generally obtained in good yields and enantioselectivities, and can be readily transformed into key compounds, such as optically active β3‐amino acids in one easy step. Enantioenriched N‐Boc and N‐Cbz protected β‐amino acids that are suitable for peptide synthesis are also available from the Mannich adducts through simple manipulations. Control experiments showed the dual role of the enolate–catalyst ion pair in this reaction, as well as the crucial role of the presence of water to achieve high enantioselectivities.