bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agonist‐induced internalization of histamine H2 receptor and activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases are dynamin‐dependent
Authors: Xu A‐Jing , Kuramasu Atsuo , Maeda Kay , Kinoshita Kazuki , Takayanagi Shiori , Fukushima Yasushi , Watanabe Takehiko , Yanagisawa Teruyuki , Sukegawa Jun , Yanai Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHistamine H2 receptor (H2R) is a member of G protein‐coupled receptor family. Agonist stimulation of H2R results in several cellular events including activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C, desensitization of the receptor, activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases ERK1/2, and receptor endocytosis. In this study, we identified a GTPase dynamin as a binding partner of H2R. Dynamin could associate with H2R bothin vitroandin vivo. Functional analyses using dominant‐negative form of dynamin (K44E‐dynamin) revealed that cAMP production and the following H2R desensitization are independent of dynamin. However, the agonist‐induced H2R internalization was inhibited by co‐expression of K44E‐dynamin. Furthermore, activation of extracellular‐signal regulated kinases ERK1/2 in response to dimaprit, an H2R agonist, was attenuated by K44E‐dynamin. Although H2R with truncation of 51 amino acids at its carboxy‐terminus did not internalize after agonist stimulation, it still activated ERK1/2, but the degree of this activation was less than that of the wild‐type receptor. Finally, K44E dynamin did not affect ERK1/2 activation induced by internalization‐deficient H2R. These results suggest that the agonist‐induced H2R internalization and ERK1/2 activation are partially dynamin‐dependent. Furthermore, ERK1/2 activation via H2R is likely dependent of the endocytotic process rather than dynamin itself.
Comparison of different views with three‐dimensional echocardiography: apical views offer superior visualization compared with parasternal and subcostal views
Authors: Ostenfeld Ellen , Shahgaldi Kambiz , Winter Reidar , Willenheimer Ronnie , Holm Johan 
Published: August 2008

SummaryStudies seeking to validate real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) with regard to cardiac function and dimensions have almost exclusively used apical views. However, it has never been examined whether apical views are preferable to parasternal or subcostal views. In the present study, we compared the feasibility of 3DE volumetric measurements of the four heart chambers in three different views. We included 40 patients planned for a routine two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography examination (2DE). All patients were scanned with both 2DE and 3DE (Sonos 7500; Philips Medical Systems Andover, MA, USA). Parasternal, apical and subcostal views were used for 3DE. Volumes were calculated using manual tracing in 16 planes. 2DE was performed in parasternal longaxis, subcostal and apical four‐ and two‐chamber views. Manual tracing was used for area calculations. To be judged fully traceable, 5/6 (85%) or more of the ventricular and atrial walls had to be adequately visualized in each plane. The left ventricle and left atrium were adequately visualized in the 3DE apical view in 34 (85%) and 40 (100%) patients, respectively. Visualization of the right atrium was adequate in 31 (78%) patients, whereas the right ventricle was adequately visualized in only 12 (30%) patients. The apical view of 3DE provided superior visualization of all four heart chambers compared with the parasternal and subcostal views, when applying a slight off‐axis approach for both ventricles when needed. Thus, in the present study, there was no incremental value of assessment of chamber volumes in the parasternal and subcostal views.
Refractory Headaches due to Multilevel Thoracic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks
Authors: Trentman Terrence L. , Chan Chiwai E. , Patel Naresh P. , Dodick David W. , Nelson Kent D. , Schwedt Todd J. , Seamans David P. 
Published: August 2008

▪ Abstract:Background:  Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak is a well‐documented cause of postural headache. We report a medically refractory headache due to multilevel thoracic cerebrospinal fluid leaks.Case report:  A 44‐year‐old male with an acute onset of postural headache failed to respond to bed rest, hydration, and analgesics. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large cerebrospinal fluid leak centered at the right T4 and left T11 to 12 levels, with bony pathology evident at the lower thoracic level. Lumbar (L4 to 5) and computed tomography guided T4 to 5 level epidural blood patches provided minimal pain relief. Percutaneous epidural fibrin glue injection at T4 followed by a repeat computed tomography guided epidural blood patch led to significant but incomplete symptom relief. Subsequent imaging demonstrated persistent fluid at the T11 to 12 level. Fibrin glue and epidural blood patches at this level reduced but did not eliminate the leak and residual symptoms. Extensive corrective surgery was offered but declined by the patient.Conclusion:  Treatment of multifocal cerebrospinal fluid leaks can be challenging, particularly when at least part of the underlying etiology is fixed structural bony pathology. ▪
The determination of the fetal D status from maternal plasma for decision making on Rh prophylaxis is feasible
Authors: Müller Sina P. , Bartels Iris , Stein Werner , Emons Günther , Gutensohn Kai , Köhler Michael , Legler Tobias J. 
Published: August 2008

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping might become a valuable tool in decision making on antenatal Rh prophylaxis, which is currently in routine practice for all D− pregnancies in several countries. This study provides a large‐scale validation study of this technology to address questions concerning feasibility and applicability of its introduction into clinical routine.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting RHD Exons 5 and 7 was applied for the detection of fetal‐specific RHD sequences in maternal plasma. A total of 1113 women in 6 to 32 weeks (median, Week 25) of pregnancy were recruited. All of them were serologically typed as D− according to current German guidelines. DNA was extracted via a spin‐column method and a novel automated approach using magnetic tips. Real‐time PCR results were compared with postnatal serology and discrepancies further elucidated by DNA sequencing from a newborn's buccal swab.RESULTS: Sensitivities of fetal RHD genotyping were 99.7 percent (spin columns) and 99.8 percent (magnetic tips), thus comparable with serology (99.5%). The detection of weak D variants was more reliable by real‐time PCR. Specificities of fetal RHD genotyping were 99.2 percent (spin columns) and 98.1 percent (magnetic tips), which is lower than serology (>99.7%). Automation achieved significantly higher yields of cell‐free fetal DNA.CONCLUSION: This prospective clinical trial revealed that routine determination of the fetal D status from maternal plasma is feasible. Noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping can be considered as sensitive as the traditional postnatal serologic assay.
Human herpesvirus 7, Epstein–Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus in periodontal tissues of periodontally diseased and healthy subjects
Authors: Rotola Antonella , Cassai Enrico , Farina Roberto , Caselli Elisabetta , Gentili Valentina , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAims: To evaluate (i) the presence of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and (ii) the transcription pattern of HHV‐7 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by periodontitis (P) and periodontally healthy subjects (H).Material and Methods: Thirty‐seven subjects (P: n=24; H: n=13) were included. Each P patient contributed two gingival biopsies (representative of a clinically affected and non‐affected site) and each H subject contributed one gingival biopsy. After DNA extraction, nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the viruses.Results: HHV‐7 was detected in 91.7% of P patients and in 61.5% of H subjects (p=0.02), EBV in 50.0% samples of P patients and 7.7% of H subjects (p=0.005) and HCMV only in one sample from H group. EBV was more frequently detected in biopsies from affected sites (50.0%) than from non‐affected sites (16.7%) (p=0.008). HHV‐7 transcription was detected in 15.4% of affected and 15.4% of non‐affected sites.Conclusions: The results indicate that (i) gingival tissues can be considered a potential reservoir for HHV‐7; (ii) when present, HHV‐7 persists in a latent state in the majority of cases; (iii) the presence of EBV seems to be associated with the diseased state of the patient and site.
Growth hormone treatment in short children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mehls O , Wühl E , Tönshoff B , Schaefer F , Nissel R , Haffner D 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) has been used for treatment of impaired growth in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for nearly 17 years. Controlled and open‐label studies have shown that GH is highly effective in improving growth velocity and adult height. The growth response is negatively correlated with age and height at start and time spent on dialysis treatment; it is positively correlated with dose and duration of treatment and the primary renal disease (renal hypodysplasia). In children with renal transplants, corticosteroid treatment is an additional factor negatively influencing spontaneous growth rates. However, GH treatment is able to compensate corticosteroid‐induced growth failure. GH treatment improved final height by 0.5–1.7 standard deviation score (SDS) in various studies, whereas the control group lost about 0.5 SDS in comparable time intervals. These variable results are explained in part by the factors mentioned above. The adverse events are comparable to those in non‐CKD children treated with GH.Conclusion: GH treatment is safe and highly effective in improving growth and final height of short children with all stages of CKD. The highest treatment success is obtained if treatment is started at an early age and with relatively well‐preserved residual renal function and continued until final height.
The fate of ductus arteriosus in infants at 23–27 weeks of gestation: from spontaneous closure to ibuprofen resistance
Authors: Dani Carlo , Bertini Giovanna , Corsini Iuri , Elia Serena , Vangi Venturella , Pratesi Simone , Rubaltelli Firmino F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground: Some extremely preterm infants experience spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus. On the other side, a high percentage (22–30%) of preterm infants born at the lower gestational age fail to respond to a single course of ibuprofen.Aim: To assess if there are clinical characteristics effective as predictive factors for spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus, development of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ibuprofen‐resistant PDA.Methods: A cohort of inborn infants less than 28 weeks of gestation were prospectively studied. We distinguished infants who had spontaneous closure of ductus arteriosus, who developed PDA and who developed ibuprofen‐resistant PDA.Results: We studied 34 infants. Eight infants (24%) had spontaneous closure of PDA, 17 infants (50%) had a closure of PDA following the first ibuprofen course, while 9 infants (26%) failed to respond to the first ibuprofen course. Infants born at 23–25 weeks of gestation were found to have lower likelihood of PDA spontaneous closure, and higher risk of developing PDA refractory to ibuprofen therapy. Sepsis was found to increase significantly the risk of ibuprofen failure in closing PDA.Conclusion: An important percentage of extremely preterm infants exhibited spontaneous closure of PDA. Among clinical characteristics lowest gestational ages predict PDA and ibuprofen‐resistant PDA, while sepsis predicts only ibuprofen‐resistant PDA.
Activation of the right fronto‐temporal cortex during maternal facial recognition in young infants
Authors: Carlsson Jakob , Lagercrantz Hugo , Olson Linus , Printz Gordana , Bartocci Marco 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground/aim: Within the first days of life infants can already recognize their mother. This ability is based on several sensory mechanisms and increases during the first year of life, having its most crucial phase between 6 and 9 months when cortical circuits develop. The underlying cortical structures that are involved in this process are still unknown. Herein we report how the prefrontal cortices of healthy 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants react to the sight of their mother's faces compared to that of an unknown female face.Methods: Concentrations of oxygenated haemoglobin [HbO2] and deoxygenated haemoglobin [HHb] were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in both fronto‐temporal and occipital areas on the right side during the exposure to maternal and unfamiliar faces.Results: The infants exhibited a distinct and significantly higher activation‐related haemodynamic response in the right fronto‐temporal cortex following exposure to the image of their mother's face, [HbO2] (0.75 μmol/L, p < 0.001), as compared to that of an unknown face (0.25 μmol/L, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Event‐related haemodynamic changes, suggesting cortical activation, in response to the sight of human faces were detected in 6‐ to 9‐month old children. The right fronto‐temporal cortex appears to be involved in face recognition processes at this age.
The important role of deep attachment in the uniform drainage of breast milk from mammary lobe
Authors: Mizuno Katsumi , Nishida Yoshiko , Mizuno Noriko , Taki Motohiro , Murase Masahiko , Itabashi Kazuo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: To determine if the degree of attachment affects uniformity in the drainage of breast milk from mammary lobe during breastfeeding.Methods: Thirty‐seven pairs of healthy breast‐fed infants and mothers were the subjects. A total of 48 measurements were obtained. Foremilk was obtained from three nipple openings. After the breastfeeding session, hindmilk was sampled from the same three nipple openings and creamatocrit (CrCt) was measured. The difference in CrCt values of hindmilk, which corresponds to the degree of emptying of the lobe, and the difference in CrCt values between fore‐ and hindmilk samples (delta CrCt), which corresponds to the change in the degree of emptying among the lobe were calculated.Results: The maximum difference in the CrCt value of hindmilk samples among nipple ducts was 7.0 ± 4.1% in the shallow attachment (S) group (n = 23) and 2.9 ± 1.2% in the deep attachment (D) group (n = 25) in the left breast and 5.4 ± 2.2% in the S group (n = 21) and 3.6 ± 1.9% in the D group (n = 27) in the right breast. The mean maximum difference in delta CrCt values among nipple ducts was 7.6 ± 2.9% and 2.6 ± 1.3% in the left and 5.8 ± 2.3% and 3.4 ± 1.4% in the right breast, in the S group and D group, respectively. These differences were significantly smaller in the D group than the S group (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The results revealed that deep attachment is helpful in draining milk from all mammary lobe uniformly, which may contribute to successful breastfeeding.
Diagnosis on a positive fashion of nonorganic failure to thrive
Authors: Panetta Fabio , Magazzù Domenico , Sferlazzas Concetta , Lombardo Mariangela , Magazzù Giuseppe , Lucanto Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAims: To study the predictive value of predefined symptoms and signs for allocating children into one of two groups: nonorganic and organic failure to thrive.Patients and Methods: Two hundred eight outpatients (6 months–14 years old) suffering from failure to thrive (FTT) were included in the study. Predefined symptoms and signs were considered as potential predictors of organic/nonorganic failure to thrive. All patients underwent an established diagnostic work up in order to exclude organic causes of FTT.Results: The percentage of patients without any organic symptom (negative predictive value), who were diagnosed as NOFTT was 92%; the percentage of patients having nonorganic symptoms only (positive predictive value), who were diagnosed as NOFTT was 96%, while their absence does not exclude a NOFTT diagnosis as well (negative predictive value = 41%).Conclusion: The detection of at least one nonorganic symptom or sign, with the exclusion of any organic symptom, can support a diagnosis of nonorganic FTT and therefore only few laboratory investigations seem to be warranted.
Reliability and validity of the Romanian version of a scale to measure infant feeding attitudes and knowledge
Authors: Wallis Anne Baber , Brînzaniuc Alexandra , Cherecheş Razvan , Oprescu Florin , Şirlincan Emanuela , David Ioana , Dîrle Ioana Andreea , Dungy Claibourne I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: To describe the development and testing of the Romanian version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS‐R). The original instrument has well‐established psychometrics for use in English‐speaking countries.Methods: Questionnaires including demographics and items about prior pregnancy and opinions about breastfeeding in public were administered to women in Cluj‐Napoca, Romania, attending antenatal clinic (n = 336) and to a separate cohort of mothers within 24 h of delivery (n = 276). Postpartum follow‐up was conducted with a sample of maternity cohort subjects who initiated breastfeeding in the hospital (n = 52).Results: Internal consistency was adequate in both cohorts (antenatal α= 0.50; maternity α= 0.63), with improved reliability for antenatal multigravid (α= 0.60) and university‐educated women (α= 0.57). Score distributions were comparable and item means were approximately central across cohorts. Among pregnant women, higher scores (more positive towards breastfeeding) were associated with longer planned maternity leave (χ2= 17.8; p = 0.02). Higher maternity cohort scores were associated with age (r = 0.31, p = 0.003), urban residence (χ2= 10.2, p = 0.04), breastfeeding a prior infant for at least 6 weeks (χ2= 6.4, p = 0.04), and with intending to breastfeed for at least 6 weeks (χ2= 4.7, p = 0.03). Postpartum women still breastfeeding at follow‐up also scored higher (χ2= 9.3, p = 0.009).Conclusion: This is the first study to report on use of the IIFAS in Eastern Europe. The IIFAS‐R is easy to administer, reliable and valid in Romania. The IIFAS‐R can support data collection to promote and assess breastfeeding initiatives consistent with World Health Organization recommendations.
Male circumcision through the ages: the role of tradition
Authors: Zampieri Nicola , Pianezzola Emanuela , Zampieri Cecilia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: In this study, we examine the evolution of tradition concerning infant male circumcision, utilizing evidence from classical medical texts as well as information from literature, legal sources and art.Methods: We examined the differences in the representation of male circumcision between ancient times and the modern era.Results: Through the ages, male circumcision has been differently represented, and at present an interesting representation is born following the natural evolution of society.Conclusion: Based on the fact that the foreskin is not a defect, the impact of male circumcision is on the child's rights and its role during first years of life still remains controversial.
Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from Chinese children with scarlet fever
Authors: Liang Yunmei , Shen Xuzhuang , Huang Guoying , Wang Chuanqing , Shen Ying , Yang Yonghong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: To analyse the characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Chinese children with scarlet fever.Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration with nine antibiotics was performed on 145 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates acquired from Beijing and Shanghai in 2007. Their macrolide‐resistant genes (mefA, ermB and ermA– a subclass of ermTR), superantigens (speA and speC), and en‐coding mature M protein gene (emm gene) were amplified by PCR.Results: A total of 97.9% of the isolates exhibited resistance to the macrolides, while 96.6% manifested resistance to tetracycline. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, penicillin, cefradine, and ofloxacin. Moreover, 94.5% exhibited a cMLSB phenotype, while 90.3% had the ermB gene. Five emm types (emm1.0, emm4.0, emm12.0, emm22.0 and st5240) were discovered, of which 9.7% carried the superantigen speA, 35.9% carried the speC, 42.8% carried both speA and speC and 11.7% carried neither speA nor speC. Finally, 85.5% of emm1.0 and 15.5% of emm12.0 isolates carried speA, while 79.0% of emm1.0 and 75.9% of emm12.0 isolates carried speC.Conclusion: The Streptococcus pyogenes isolates had high resistance rates against macrolides and tetracycline. They mainly expressed the ermB gene type and cMLSB phenotype. Their common emm types are emm1.0 and emm12.0, which have different frequencies of speA and speC.
The Effect of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adolescent Pregnancy: An Integrative Research Review
Authors: Francisco Melissa A. , Hicks Kasey , Powell Julianne , Styles Kristin , Tabor Jessica L. , Hulton Linda J. 
Published: August 2008

PURPOSE.  This study aims to describe the current research literature on the relationship of childhood sexual abuse and adolescent pregnancy and highlight the potential cross‐cutting risk factors. DESIGN AND METHODS.  Thirteen articles were identified as the basis of this review using

Cooper's methodology (1998)

for synthesizing research. Articles were categorized according to the levels of evidence proposed by

Melnyk and Fineout‐Overholt (2005

). RESULTS.  The majority of the studies identified a relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adolescent pregnancy (n = 9). Cross‐cutting risk factors included female gender, younger age, substance use/abuse, family constellation, parent–child conflict, and mother disengagement.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Strategies for nurses to identify pregnant and parenting adolescents who have been sexually victimized are important for early intervention. Resiliency factors of young people who report positive outcomes are highlighted.
Development of a Clinical Practice Guideline for Testing Nasogastric Tube Placement
Authors: Peter Sue , Gill Fenella 
Published: August 2008

PURPOSE.  A Perth metropolitan hospital group standardized changes to nasogastric tube placement, including removal of the “whoosh test” and litmus paper, and introduction of pH testing. DESIGN AND METHODS.   Two audits were conducted: bedside data collection at a pediatric hospital and a point‐prevalence audit across seven hospitals. RESULTS.   Aspirate was obtained for 97% of all tests and pH was ≤ 5.5 for 84%, validating the practice changes. However, patients on continuous feeds and/or receiving acid‐inhibiting medications had multiple pH testing fails.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Nasogastric tube placement continues to present a challenge for those high‐risk patients on continuous feeds and/or receiving acid‐inhibiting medications.
Family‐Based Weight Management With Latino Mothers and Children
Authors: James Kathy Shadle , Connelly Cynthia D. , Rutkowski Elaine , McPherson Darlene , Gracia Luz , Mareno Nicole , Zirkle Dorothy 
Published: August 2008

PURPOSE.  This paper aims to design a culturally appropriate weight management intervention for high‐risk Latino families and to examine the feasibility of recruiting program participants. DESIGN AND METHODS.  A descriptive design using qualitative and quantitative data collected during preliminary phases of an ongoing intervention study. RESULTS.  From the preliminary works, a curriculum was revised for Latino families who have overweight children. The curriculum was modified to include suggestions from the focus groups, including helping mothers set limits with their children and make the transition to lighter foods and a more active family life. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  The information will aid professionals in the process of program design for Latino families who have weight concerns.