bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of prescribing practices and treatment failure for purulent skin and soft tissue infections in patients with obesity
Authors: Miller Mackenzie L. , Hughson Destiny M. , Blower Noah D. , Jameson Andrew P. , Dumkow Lisa E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Evaluate prescribing practices and risk factors for treatment failure in obese patients treated for purulent cellulitis with oral antibiotics in the outpatient setting.

Design:
Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort.

Setting:
Emergency departments, primary care, and urgent care sites throughout Michigan.

Patients:
Adult patients with a body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m2 who received ≥ 5 days of oral antibiotics for purulent cellulitis were included. Key exclusion criteria were chronic infections, antibiotic treatment within the past 30 days, and suspected polymicrobial infections.

Methods:
Obese patients receiving oral antibiotics for purulent cellulitis between February 1, 2020, and August 31, 2023, were assessed. The primary objective was to describe outpatient prescribing trends. Secondary objectives included comparing patient risk factors for treatment failure and safety outcomes between patients experiencing treatment success and those experiencing treatment failure.

Results:
Two hundred patients were included (Treatment success, n = 100; Treatment failure, n = 100). Patients received 11 antibiotic regimens with 26 dosing variations; 45.5% were inappropriately dosed. Sixty-seven percent of patients received MRSA-active therapy. Treatment failure was similar between those appropriately dosed (46.4%) versus under-dosed (54.4%) (P = 0.256), those receiving 5–7 days of therapy (47.1%) versus 10–14 days (54.4%) (P = 0.311), and those receiving MRSA-active therapy (52.2%) versus no MRSA therapy (45.5%) (P = 0.367). Patients treated with clindamycin were more likely to experience treatment failure (73.7% vs 47.5%, P = 0.030).

Conclusions:
Nearly half of antimicrobial regimens prescribed for outpatient treatment of cellulitis in patients with obesity were suboptimally prescribed. Opportunities exist to optimize agent selection, dosing, and duration of therapy in this population.
Complete positivity order and relative entropy decay
Authors: Gao Li , Junge Marius , LaRacuente Nicholas , Li Haojian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe prove that for a GNS-symmetric quantum Markov semigroup, the complete modified logarithmic Sobolev constant is bounded by the inverse of its complete positivity mixing time. For classical Markov semigroups, this gives a short proof that every sub-Laplacian of a Hörmander system on a compact manifold satisfies a modified log-Sobolev inequality uniformly for scalar and matrix-valued functions. For quantum Markov semigroups, we show that the complete modified logarithmic Sobolev constant is comparable to the spectral gap up to the logarithm of the dimension. Such estimates are asymptotically tight for a quantum birth-death process. Our results, along with the consequence of concentration inequalities, are applicable to GNS-symmetric semigroups on general von Neumann algebras.
Animal-source foods for nutrition, environment and society: finding a balance
Authors: Nordhagen Stella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While malnutrition (including both undernutrition and overweight/obesity and related non-communicable diseases) remains a persistent challenge in countries around the world, it is far from alone as a threat to human development and wellbeing – and is increasingly viewed as intersecting with climate change and environmental degradation. At the crossroads of these issues, animal-source foods (ASFs, including meat, fish, seafood, dairy and eggs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years, both for their role in diets and for their environmental impacts. Heated debate has focused on the potential benefits of reducing consumption of ASFs as well as the potential nutritional risks associated with this. ASF production also plays an important role in livelihoods, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. ASFs are also central to many food cultures and traditions, highly valued by many consumers. As the issues associated with ASFs are intertwined, they must be considered jointly and with nuance. Given wide global ranges in ASF consumption, environmental footprints and malnutrition rates and types, considering equity (in terms of ASF consumption and production) is also critical. This review examines these complex issues, discussing ASFs from the perspectives of nutrition and health, environmental impacts, livelihoods and society, and equity. It also examines potential future options for reducing environmental impacts of ASFs.
Patient perspectives on continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for diabetes in Malaysia: a vital voice in health technology assessment (HTA) informing decision-making
Authors: Mohamad Nur Farhana , Abdullah Sani Ana Fizalinda , Ahmad Nizam Nurfarah Aqilah , Sze-Shir Foo , Mohamed Ghazali Izzuna Mudla , Sarimin Roza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To integrate patient perspectives into Health Technology Assessment (HTA) by exploring the perceived benefits, barriers, and expectations of diabetes patients and their caregivers in Malaysia regarding the use of CGMS.

Methods
This qualitative study employed focus group discussions (FGDs) with 30 participants, including adults, adolescents, and caregivers managing insulin-requiring diabetes, conducted between May and September 2023 in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Malaysia. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically to capture insights into CGMS benefits, barriers, and expectations.

Results
Participants highlighted CGMS as a transformative tool, offering real-time data, improving glycemic control, and enhancing quality of life by reducing anxiety and the burden of frequent glucose checks. Despite these benefits, significant barriers were identified, including high costs, limited access, technical issues, and social stigma, particularly among adolescents. There was a strong call for government subsidies, better technical support, and healthcare provider training to optimize CGMS use. Patient perspectives were integrated into the HTA alongside systematic reviews and economic evaluations, directly informing policy recommendations, including prioritizing CGMS for high-risk T1DM patients and exploring subsidy frameworks to improve affordability.

Conclusions
Patient perspectives serve as a vital voice in HTA, offering real-world insights that enhance the understanding of CGMS in diabetes management. Addressing financial, technical, and social barriers is crucial to improving CGMS accessibility and usability. By embedding patient perspectives into HTA and strengthening partnerships across healthcare systems, patient perspectives become instrumental in shaping patient-centered policies and informing equitable decision-making on CGMS utilization in Malaysia.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in the young: a patient-scientist informed review of unmet needs
Authors: Jennings Emma R. , Mackay Rachel , Renwick Catherine , Josephs Katherine S. , Buchan Rachel J. , Barton Paul J.R. , Ware James S. , McGurk Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure and the most common indication for a heart transplant. Guidelines are regularly based on studies of adults and applied to the young. Children and adolescents diagnosed with DCM face different lifestyle challenges from individuals diagnosed in adulthood that include medical trauma and are influenced by maturity levels and confidence with advocacy to adults.
Using a UK patient-scientist’s perspective, we reviewed the age-specific challenges faced by the young with DCM, evaluated current guidelines and evidence, and identified areas requiring further recommendations and research. We highlight the importance of (i) the transition clinic from paediatric to adult services, (ii) repeated signposting to mental health services, (iii) standardised guidance on physical activity, (iv) caution surrounding alcohol and smoking, (v) the dangers of illegal drugs, and (vi) reproductive options and health.
Further research is needed to address the many uncertainties in these areas with respect to young age, particularly for physical activity, and such guidance would be welcomed by the young with DCM who must come to terms with being different and more limited amongst healthy peers.
Seasonal Effects of Soil Temperature and Soil Water Content on Upscaled Soil Respiration and Its Contribution to Ecosystem Respiration in Chaparral Shrublands
Authors: Montes J. A. , Lunneberg K. , Montemayor M. N. , Gillespie B. M. , Oechel W. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChaparral, a semi‐arid Mediterranean plant community, has the potential to act as a sink, which is an essential ecosystem to mitigate climate change. However, soil respiration (Rs) responses to meteorological variables remain uncertain in these regions, and no studies have quantified how much Rs attributes to Reco in chaparral shrublands. This study identifies the effects of soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) on upscaled Rs and its contribution to Reco (Rs/Reco) in chaparral shrublands in Southern California between 2020 and 2021. Hourly Rs and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were collected by automated chambers and the eddy covariance technique, respectively. Due to high daily variability and gaps in our data, 5‐day averages were calculated to understand the effects of meteorological on Rs and Rs/Reco. First, we proposed that SWC was the primary driver of Rs regardless of the season, while Ts effects were prominent when SWC was sufficient. Secondly, we hypothesized Rs/Reco to vary seasonally, particularly due to Rs contributing less under dry conditions. Our results showed SWC to have a strong significant effect on Rs throughout the year, whereas Ts was only a significant control when the soil was wet and Ts was below 20°C. Monthly Rs/Reco was highest during January and February, likely due to the reduced aboveground respiration. While Rs/Reco was lowest when the soil was the driest. These findings improve our understanding of Rs response to climatic conditions and emphasize the importance of estimating Rs/Reco in chaparral shrublands.
Analytical Model for the Higher Order Moments of Midlatitude Atmospheric Temperature Distributions
Authors: Kircher Keiko , Proistosescu Cristian , Sriver Ryan L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObserved distributions of atmospheric temperature are non‐Gaussian. Therefore, moments beyond variance are necessary in determining the frequency of extreme temperature events. Here we propose a simple kinematic model for atmospheric mid‐latitude temperature variability based on symmetric advection from a non‐symmetric background temperature profile. We then use this model to derive analytical expressions for the higher order moments of temperature distributions. Our results show that nonzero skewness and kurtosis arise due to the nonlinearity of the time‐mean meridional temperature profile. The analytical model matches an idealized Held‐Suarez atmospheric model, indicating nonlinearity of time‐mean temperature in latitude is the dominant contribution to nonzero skewness and kurtosis in synoptic temperature variations. Model analysis further shows decrease in higher order moments due to climate change come roughly equally from changes in mixing length and changes in the background temperature profiles.
When Simplification Leads to Ambiguity: A Look at Two Ocean Metrics for the Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Chafik Léon , Lozier M. Susan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe AMOC FINGERPRINT and GYRE INDEX are two widely used metrics by the oceanographic community to assess whether northward ocean heat transport, and consequently temperature variability in the subpolar North Atlantic, is primarily governed by the Atlantic overturning circulation or the horizontal gyre circulation. Although these metrics are presented as distinct measures of subpolar ocean circulation, we contend that they are not unique indicators of the dynamics they are intended to represent. Instead, our analysis demonstrates that both metrics are essentially capturing variability in upper ocean heat content, which can result from a number of mechanisms. This conclusion, corroborated with direct overturning measurements from the OSNAP and RAPID programs, raises concerns about the use of these metrics to infer the dynamics responsible for past and projected changes in subpolar ocean temperatures.
Toward Artificial General Intelligence in Hydrogeological Modeling With an Integrated Latent Diffusion Framework
Authors: Zhan Chuanjun , Dai Zhenxue , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Yin Huichao , Carroll Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeep learning models have been extensively applied to various aspects of hydrogeological modeling. However, traditional approaches often rely on separate task‐specific models, resulting in time‐consuming selection and tuning processes. This study develops an integrated Latent Diffusion Model (LDM) framework to address four key hydrogeological modeling tasks: aquifer heterogeneity structure generation, surrogate modeling for flow and transport, and direct inversion of aquifer heterogeneity structure. Using a consistent architecture and hyperparameters, the LDM demonstrates robust multi‐task processing capabilities, accurately capturing aquifer heterogeneity, enabling rapid predictions of hydraulic head and solute transport, and efficiently performing direct inversion without iterative simulations. By integrating multiple tasks within a single framework, LDM eliminates the need for task‐specific models or extensive parameter optimization, offering an efficient and adaptive general solution for deep learning‐based hydrogeological modeling. Its generalization across diverse objectives underscores its potential as a cornerstone for advancing Artificial General Intelligence in hydrogeological modeling.
SWOT Cross‐Track Error Characteristics Estimated From Observations
Authors: Jacobs Gregg , D’Addezio Joseph , Bartels Brent 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) observatory is a complex system and contains unique systematic errors not in historical nadir altimeter observations. The errors contain expected shapes in the cross‐track direction, and functional coefficients describing the shapes are correlated in the along‐track direction. Existing nadir altimeter observations enable comparison to the SWOT observations. In the approach here, the SWOT error power spectral density in the along‐track direction indicates the SWOT residual systematic errors are larger than nadir observed signal down to scales of 1,430 km in the PIC data and 2,500 km in the PGC data. The results guide considerations in SWOT processing and error removal.
Effect of Ice Number Concentration on the Evolution of Boundary Layer Clouds During Arctic Marine Cold‐Air Outbreaks
Authors: Wu Peng , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Xiao Heng , Lackner Christian P. , Geerts Bart , Tornow Florian , Elsaesser Gregory 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMarine cold‐air outbreaks (MCAOs) are crucial for Arctic Ocean heat loss, featuring convective cloud rolls that transition into convection cells downstream. Understanding factors controlling this transformation is the key for improving MCAO cloud representation in climate models. This study employs large‐eddy simulations to investigate how cloud ice number concentrations () affect cloud evolution using a case from the Cold‐Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) campaign. The simulations, performed in a Lagrangian framework following an air mass trajectory, are driven by ERA5 reanalysis data. Initially, all simulations produce similar cloud patterns, but higher leads to earlier breakup of cloud rolls. Between 4 and 10 hr, surface precipitation rates are similar across simulations, but precipitation initiates earlier, and the cloud‐base precipitation rates are higher when is higher. The stronger precipitation evaporation leads to increased stability of the boundary layer and reduced intensity of vertical mixing between the surface and cloud layer. An increased sink of cloud layer moisture via precipitation and decreased source through diminished vertical transport result in earlier cloud breakup in higher conditions. Simulations with different sea surface temperatures (SST) indicate that this cloud breakup mechanism remains valid for MCAOs of different strengths, although the cloud organization is more sensitive to SST changes in low environments. This work highlights the importance of accurate representations of ice processes in simulating MCAO clouds and suggests the need for observational constraints of ice nucleating particles and over the mixed‐phase cloud regimes.
Deciphering Microbially Driven Labile and Refractory Molecular Candidates in Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Chen Qi , Chen Jiaxin , Cai Ruanhong , He Chen , Shi Quan , Zhang Chuanlun , Jiao Nianzhi , Zheng Qiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicrobial activities drive the cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from labile to refractory states, thus contributing to the long‐term carbon sequestration in the ocean. However, due to the intricate molecular composition of DOM, identifying indicators of microbially related DOM remains a challenge. In this study, we propose molecular candidates for bio‐labile (n = 537) and bio‐refractory (n = 1,025) formulas, which were discerned through incubation experiments using ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. Bio‐labile formulas exhibited greater hydrogenation, whereas bio‐refractory formulas comprised oxidized, unsaturated and aromatic molecules with higher molecular weight. Bio‐candidates, in contrast to photo‐ or terrestrial‐related counterparts, dominated molecular composition by higher relative intensity. The application of these molecular candidates facilitated the tracing of molecular distribution and transformation patterns across large‐scale aquatic environmental gradients. This molecular identification framework offers insights into resolving microbially mediated molecules and advancing our understanding of biologically related DOM at the molecular level.
Space Weather Into the 2030s: The 2024 Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey
Authors: Lugaz Noé 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe report of the 2024 decadal survey for the solar and space physics community was released on 2024 December 5 and has space weather science and applications as a central goal to explore and safeguard humanity's home in space. I discuss some of the main recommendations associated with space weather that will drive our field in the next decade.
Distinct immune cell infiltration patterns in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibit divergent immune cell selection and immunosuppressive mechanisms
Authors: Sivakumar Shivan , Jainarayanan Ashwin , Arbe-Barnes Edward , Sharma Piyush Kumar , Leathlobhair Maire Ni , Amin Sakina , Reiss David J. , Heij Lara , Hegde Samarth , Magen Assaf , Tucci Felicia , Sun Bo , Wu Shihong , Anand Nithishwer Mouroug , Slawinski Hubert , Revale Santiago , Nassiri Isar , Webber Jonathon , Hoeltzel Gerard D. , Frampton Adam E. , Wiltberger Georg , Neumann Ulf , Charlton Philip , Spiers Laura , Elliott Tim , Wang Maria , Couto Suzana , Lila Thomas , Sivakumar Pallavur V. , Ratushny Alexander V. , Middleton Mark R. , Peppa Dimitra , Fairfax Benjamin , Merad Miriam , Dustin Michael L. , Abu-Shah Enas , Bashford-Rogers Rachael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis. A comprehensive analysis of single-cell multi-omic data from matched tumour-infiltrated CD45+ cells and peripheral blood in 12 patients, and two published datasets, reveals a complex immune infiltrate. Patients have either a myeloid-enriched or adaptive-enriched tumour microenvironment. Adaptive immune cell-enriched is intrinsically linked with highly distinct B and T cell clonal selection, diversification, and differentiation. Using TCR data, we see the largest clonal expansions in CD8 effector memory, senescent cells, and highly activated regulatory T cells which are induced within the tumour from naïve cells. We identify pathways that potentially lead to a suppressive microenvironment, including investigational targets TIGIT/PVR and SIRPA/CD47. Analysis of patients from the APACT clinical trial shows that myeloid enrichment had a shorter overall survival compared to those with adaptive cell enrichment. Strategies for rationale therapeutic development in this disease include boosting of B cell responses, targeting immunosuppressive macrophages, and specific Treg cell depletion approaches.
Willing to wait: Anorexia nervosa symptomatology is associated with higher future orientation and reduced intertemporal discounting
Authors: Schuman Isabel , Wang Jingyi , Ballard Ian C. , Lapate Regina C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder characterized by food restriction in service of a future goal: thinness and weight loss. Prior work suggests altered intertemporal decision-making in this disorder, with more farsighted decisions—i.e. reduced delay discounting—in patients with acute anorexia nervosa. Future-oriented cognition, such as frequent prospective future thinking in daily life, promotes farsighted decision making. However, whether temporal orientation is altered in anorexia nervosa, potentially contributing to reduced delay discounting in this population, remains unclear. We measured delay discounting behavior, anorexia nervosa symptomatology, and temporal orientation in a large sample of never-diagnosed individuals. We found that higher anorexia nervosa symptomatology was associated with reduced delay discounting. Anorexia nervosa symptoms were also correlated with increased future-oriented cognition. Moreover, future-oriented cognition mediated the difference in delay-discounting behavior between high and low anorexia nervosa symptom groups. These results were unrelated to subjective time perception and independent of mood and anxiety symptomatology. Collectively, these findings suggest that future-oriented cognition may be a cognitive mechanism underlying altered intertemporal decision making in anorexia nervosa.