bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FROM FLOW TO FISH TO DOLLARS: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO WATER ALLOCATION1
Authors: Hickey John T , Diaz Gustavo E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper details a case study of economic and natural system responses to alternative water management policies in the Cache La Poudre River basin, Colorado, 1980–1994. The case study is presented to highlight the value and application of a conceptual integration of economic, salmonid population, physical habitat, and water allocation models. Five alternative regimes, all intended to increase low winter flows, were investigated. Habitat enhancements created by alternative regimes were translated to population responses and economic benefits. Analysis concluded that instream flows cannot compete on the northern Colorado water rental market; cooperative agreements offer an economically feasible way to enhance instream flows; and establishing an instream flow program on the Cache La Poudre River mainstem is a potentially profitable opportunity. The alliance of models is a dynamic multidisciplinary tool for use in professional settings and offers valuable insight for decision‐making processes involved in water management.
EQUILIBRIUM EVAPORATION AND POSITWE EVAPORATION‐SURFACE TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS ACROSS A GRASSLAND1
Authors: Qualls Russell J. , Wagstaff Mark , Crago Richard D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes, soil moisture (SM) and surface temperatures (Ts) were analyzed from seven sites at FIFE to evaluate relationships among the spatial variability of evaporative fraction, EF, SM, and the diurnal surface temperature range (Tdr). Intersite correlations between EF and Tdr were significantly negative for regional average soil moisture SMr < 20 percent, insignificant for 20 < SMr < 27 percent, and slightly positive for SMr > 27 percent. Statistical analysis of the pooled correlation coefficient between EF and Tdr for SMr < 20 percent indicates that it is less than zero at a very high level of significance, while the pooled correlation coefficient for regional SMr > 27 percent is greater than zero at the 10 percent level. The positive EF:Tdr correlations are attributed to increased surface vapor pressure at warmer sites under nearly potential conditions. These results suggest that to characterize the spatial variability of the energy budget partitioning, a variable representing the thermal response of the site should be included. An important application of these findings relates to modeling the subgrid variability of a region by subdividing the region into a few classes within which surface variables and parameters are assumed invariant. The thermal response of the surface should be included as a variable in defining these classes.
VERIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF REGIONAL EQUATIONS FOR THE STORAGE FUNCTION RUNOFF MODEL1
Authors: Sugiyama Hironobu , Kadoya Mutsumi , Nagai Akihiro , Lansey Kevin 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe storage function model is a nonlinear rainfall‐runoff model that has been developed for and applied to flood runoff analysis in Japan. This paper extends the model applicability by developing practical equations for estimating model parameters which are appropriate on a regional basis, i.e., so‐called regional equations. Previously, the parameters were computed from historical data for a specific basin or from relationships that do not account for land use and topography.To develop the regionalized equations, model parameters were identified for 91 flood events from 22 watersheds in Japan by applying a mathematical optimization technique. Results from 39 of these events were statistically compared and regional relationships were determined as a function of land use, basin area and rainfall intensity. The utility of the estimated equations were tested by computing runoff hydrographs for lumped basins. The estimated parameters were also applied in a distributed watershed model formulation. Both applications showed acceptable results that validate the use of the regionalized relationships.
ENHANCEMENTS OF NONPOINT SOURCE MONITORING OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN GROUND WATER1
Authors: Lapham Wayne W. , Moran Michael J. , Zogorski John S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a national retrospective data set of analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water of the United States. The data are from Federal, State, and local nonpoint‐source monitoring programs, collected between 1985–95. This data set is being used to augment data collected by the USGS National Water‐Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to ascertain the occurrence of VOCs in ground water nationwide. Eleven attributes of the retrospective data set were evaluated to determine the suitability of the data to augment NAWQA data in answering occurrence questions of varying complexity. These 11 attributes are the VOC analyte list and the associated reporting levels for each VOC, well type, well‐casing material, type of openings in the interval (screened interval or open hole), well depth, depth to the top and bottom of the open interval(s), depth to water level in the well, aquifer type (confined or unconfined), and aquifer lithology. VOCs frequently analyzed included solvents, industrial reagents, and refrigerants, but other VOCs of current interest were not frequently analyzed.About 70 percent of the sampled wells have the type of well documented in the data set, and about 74 percent have well depth documented. However, the data set generally lacks documentation of other characteristics, such as well‐casing material, information about the screened or open interval(s), depth to water level in the well, and aquifer type and lithology. For example, only about 20 percent of the wells include information on depth to water level in the well and only about 14 percent of the wells include information about aquifer type.The three most important enhancements to VOC data collected in nonpoint‐source monitoring programs for use in a national assessment of VOC occurrence in ground water would be an expanded VOC analyte list, recording the reporting level for each analyte for every analysis, and recording key ancillary information about each well. These enhancements would greatly increase the usefulness of VOC data in addressing complex occurrence questions, such as those that seek to explain the reasons for VOC occurrence and nonoccurrence in ground water of the United States.
EFFECTS OF DAM IMPOUNDMENT ON THE FLOOD REGIME OF NATURAL FLOODPLAIN COMMUNITIES IN THE UPPER CONNECTICUT RIVER1
Authors: Nislow Keith H. , Magilligan Francis J. , Fassnacht Heidi , Bechtel Doug , Ruesink Ana 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT: Understanding the effects of dams on the inundation regime of natural floodplain communities is critical for effective decision making on dam management or dam removal. To test the implications of hydrologic alteration by dams for floodplain natural communities, we conducted a combined field and modeling study along two reaches in the Connecticut River Rapids Macrosite (CRRM), one of the last remaining flowing water sections of the Upper Connecticut River. We surveyed multiple channel cross sections at both locations and concurrently identified and surveyed the elevations of important natural communities, native species of concern, and nonnative invasive species. Using a hydrologic model, HEC‐RAS, we routed estimated pre‐and post‐impoundment discharges of different design recurrence intervals (two year through 100 year floods) through each reach to establish corresponding reductions in elevation and effective wetted perimeter following post‐dam discharge reductions. By comparing (1) the frequency and duration of flooding of these surfaces before and after impoundment and (2) the total area flooded at different recurrence intervals, our goal was to derive a spatially explicit assessment of hydrologic alteration, directly relevant to natural floodplain communities.Post‐impoundment hydrologic alteration profoundly affected the subsequent inundation regime, and this impact was particularly true of higher floodplain terraces. These riparian communities, which were flooded, on average, every 20 to 100 years pre‐impoundment, were predicted to flood at 100 ≫ 100 year intervals, essentially isolating them completely from riverine influence. At the pre‐dam five to ten year floodplain elevations, we observed smaller differences in predicted flood frequency but substantial differences in the total area flooded and in the average flood duration. For floodplain forests in the Upper Connecticut River, this alteration by impoundment suggests that even if other stresses facing these communities (human development, invasive exotics) were alleviated, this may not be sufficient to restore intact natural communities. More generally, our approach provides a way to combine site specific variables with long term gage records in assessing the restorative potential of dam removal.
The use of extended dose range film for dosimetric calibration of a scanning liquid‐filled ionization chamber electronic portal imaging device
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Bezak Eva , Reich Paul 
Published: June 2007

A scanning liquid‐filled ionization chamber electronic portal imaging device (SLIC‐EPID) and extended dose range (EDR2) films were used to evaluate transmitted dose profiles for homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms. Calibrated ionization chamber measurements were used to convert the pixel values acquired from the electronic portal images to dose. Because SLIC‐EPID was developed to have a uniform response for all liquid ionization chambers, the off‐axis dose values were reconstructed using a correction factor matrix, defined as the ratio of the relative EDR2 film and the corresponding EPID dose values measured in air. The transmitted dose distributions in the EPID detector layer were also modeled using a treatment planning system (TPS: Philips Radiation Oncology Systems, Milpitas, CA). The gamma function algorithm was then used to assess agreement between transmitted dose distributions measured using a SLIC‐EPID and EDR2 film, and those calculated using the TPS. For homogenous and inhomogeneous phantoms, more than 90% agreement was achieved using gamma criteria of 2% and 3 mm and 3% and 2.5 mm respectively. Our results indicate that the calibration procedure proposed in the present study should be performed if SLIC‐EPID is to be used as a reliable two‐dimensional transmitted dosimeter for clinical purposes.PACS numbers: 87.53.Tf, 87.53.Oq
Nuclease-Resistant Single-Stranded DNA Controls for Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays
Authors: Gotsch Antje , Schubert Andreas , Bombis Armin , Wiedmann Michael , Zauke Michael , Schorling Stefan 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Molecular diagnostic tests based on the PCR or alternative nucleic acid amplification technologies are commonly used for pathogen screening at blood drawing centers. Contrived process surveillance using test-specific external and internal controls is critical for the efficient leverage of PCR power. We describe here novel control constructs for use in nucleic acid amplification assays for pathogens with a single-stranded DNA genome, e.g., parvovirus B19. These controls are derived from a deletion mutant of the filamentous phage fd-tet, fKN16, and consist of single-stranded DNA packaged in a protein coat. They are essentially noninfectious to
Escherichia coli
and highly resistant to nuclease degradation. fKN16 based controls can be readily manufactured and highly purified. Despite their confirmed filamentous morphology, they can be precisely and accurately diluted over a wide range. Stability studies reveal that the novel control constructs are highly resistant to temperature stress, regardless of whether they are tested as concentrated stocks in storage buffer or diluted in buffer or human plasma. Real-time amplification curves derived from recombinant control constructs containing a parvovirus B19 specific sequence fragment match those derived from native virus. In summary, our data demonstrate the feasibility of novel nuclease-resistant single-stranded DNA controls as surrogates for parvovirus B19 and their applicability in routine molecular diagnostics.
Replication-Competent Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Proteins
Authors: Tani Hideki , Komoda Yasumasa , Matsuo Eiko , Suzuki Kensuke , Hamamoto Itsuki , Yamashita Tetsuo , Moriishi Kohji , Fujiyama Kazuhito , Kanto Tatsuya , Hayashi Norio , Owsianka Ania , Patel Arvind H. , Whitt Michael A. , Matsuura Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Although in vitro replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) JFH1 clone of genotype 2a (HCVcc) has been developed, a robust cell culture system for the 1a and 1b genotypes, which are the most prevalent viruses in the world and resistant to interferon therapy, has not yet been established. As a surrogate virus system, pseudotype viruses transiently bearing HCV envelope proteins based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and retrovirus have been developed. Here, we have developed a replication-competent recombinant VSV with a genome encoding unmodified HCV E1 and E2 proteins in place of the VSV envelope protein (HCVrv) in human cell lines. HCVrv and a pseudotype VSV bearing the unmodified HCV envelope proteins (HCVpv) generated in 293T or Huh7 cells exhibited high infectivity in Huh7 cells. Generation of infectious HCVrv was limited in some cell lines examined. Furthermore, HCVrv but not HCVpv was able to propagate and form foci in Huh7 cells. The infection of Huh7 cells with HCVpv and HCVrv was neutralized by anti-hCD81 and anti-E2 antibodies and by sera from chronic HCV patients. The infectivity of HCVrv was inhibited by an endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase inhibitor,
N
-(
n
-nonyl) deoxynojirimycin (Nn-DNJ), but not by a Golgi mannosidase inhibitor, deoxymannojirimycin. Focus formation of HCVrv in Huh7 cells was impaired by Nn-DNJ treatment. These results indicate that the HCVrv developed in this study can be used to study HCV envelope proteins with respect to not only the biological functions in the entry process but also their maturation step.
Twenty-year trends in diagnosis of life-threatening neonatal cardiovascular malformations
Authors: Wren C , Reinhardt Z , Khawaja K 
Published: June 2007

Background:Infants with cardiovascular malformations are usually asymptomatic at birth. Earlier diagnosis is likely to improve outcome.Objective:To examine trends in the diagnosis of potentially life-threatening cardiovascular malformations.Methods:Ascertainment of all cardiovascular malformations diagnosed in infancy in the resident population of one English health region between 1985 and 2004. Infants with life-threatening cardiovascular malformations were all with hypoplastic left heart, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, transposition of the great arteries or interruption of the aortic arch; and those dying or undergoing operation within 28 days with coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect or total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Results:Cardiovascular malformations were diagnosed in infancy in 4444 of 690 215 live births (6.4 per 1000) and were potentially life threatening in 669 (15%). Overall, 55 (8%) were recognised prenatally, 416 (62%) postnatally before discharge from hospital, 168 (25%) in living infants after discharge and 30 (5%) after death. Antenatal diagnoses increased from 0 to around 20% and no case was first diagnosed after death in the past 6 years. However, the proportion going home without a diagnosis remains around 25%. Malformations most likely to remain undiagnosed at discharge were coarctation of the aorta (54%), interruption of the aortic arch (44%), aortic valve stenosis (40%) and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (37%).Conclusions:One in three infants with a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular malformation left hospital undiagnosed. Better early diagnosis is likely to be achieved by further improvements in antenatal diagnosis and more widespread use of routine pulse oximetry.
Microsatellite instability in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum: relationship to clinicopathological features
Authors: Kazama Yoshihiro , Watanabe Toshiaki , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Tanaka Junichiro , Tanaka Toshiaki , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: June 2007

Background:Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum (Por) feature the worst prognosis among the various types of colorectal carcinomas. Por is highly associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), although MSI is associated with an improved prognosis in colorectal cancers.Aim:To investigate the influence of MSI on clinicopathological features and survival of patients affected by Por.Methods:53 patients affected by Por were investigated. DNA extracted from tumour sections and the corresponding normal tissue was analysed by PCR at five microsatellite loci: BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250. Tumours with alterations at two or more loci were classified as MSI-Por. The others were classified as microsatellite stability (MSS)-Por. The clinicopathological features and survival of patients with MSI-Por and MSS-Por were investigated.Results:Of the 53 patients who were examined, 12 (22.6%) were MSI-Por, whereas 41 (77.4%) were MSS-Por. Significant differences were found between MSI-Por and MSS-Por regarding the following clinicopathological features: age, gender, lymph-node metastasis (MSI-Por: 4/12; MSS-Por: 33/41), TNM stage (MSI-Por: T1/T2/T3/T4 = 2/6/2/2; MSS-Por: 3/3/19/16) and lymphatic invasion (MSI-Por: 4/10; MSS-Por: 27/35). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank analysis showed that MSI-Por was associated with better prognosis than MSS-Por, although no significant difference was found.Conclusions:Compared with MSS-Por, MSI-Por is significantly associated with a low incidence of lymph-node metastases and a low stage. This indicates that MSI-Por is a less aggressive subtype.
Specific testing for “isolated” anti-52 kDa SSA/Ro antibodies during standard anti-extractable nuclear antigen testing is of limited clinical value
Authors: Langguth Daman M , Morris Samantha , Clifford Lynette , Wilson Robert J , Neil John , Hogan Patrick G , Wong Richard C W 
Published: June 2007

Aim:To ascertain whether specific testing for “isolated” anti-52 kDa SSA/Ro antibodies (a-SSA/Ro52) during standard anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) testing is clinically useful.Methods:1438 consecutive sera submitted for anti-ENA testing over 1 year were evaluated for a-SSA/Ro52 using various assays.Results:7 of 1438 (0.48%) patients were found to have a-SSA/Ro52 without SSA/Ro60 antibodies. Subsequent testing detected a further five patients. Clinical follow-up was possible in 10/12 patients. 2 of these 10 patients had evidence of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and one had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with sicca symptoms and abnormal Schirmer’s tests. Five other patients had sicca symptoms, of which four had abnormal Schirmer’s tests.Conclusions:“Isolated” anti-52 kDa SSA/Ro antibodies were detected in approximately 0.5% of standard anti-ENA requests, in which their presence was generally not associated with underlying SS or SLE. In view of the increased testing complexity and costs in detecting and confirming these antibodies, specific testing for isolated a-SSA Ro52 antibodies during standard anti-ENA testing seems to be of limited clinical value in a non-obstetric population.
Using a preprocessor to implement a data manipulation language for a minicomputer data base system
Authors: Polster F. J. 
Published: June 2007

This paper reports on the implementation of a powerful data manipulation language (DML) of a data base system for minicomputers. The technique of language preprocessing is employed:
The preprocessor translates each DML-statement into an internal form; however, in addition to a mere translation of statements the preprocessor has the function of executing so called 'compile-time tasks', i.e. those subtasks of the evaluation of a DML-statement, which can be done at compile-time already. This processing takes place in the course of program compilation and thus the size of the run-time module as well as execution-times can be reduced. The data base system FADABS is used to illustrate this approach.
A computational model for organizations of cooperating intelligent agents
Authors: Bond A. H. 
Published: June 2007

A computational model is developed, which captures properties of relationship and organization in sets of distributed intelligent agents. The model is inspired by sociological theory, and uses centrally a concept of commitment. Symbolic interactionist concepts in sociology are reviewed from the perspective of Distributed Artificial Intelligence. This includes the work of Anselm Strauss and Elihu Gerson.
A formulation of the concept of commitment is proposed. The concept is propagated into notions of agent and organization. A formulation and computational model of the basic notion of commitment is given, which represents commitments as mutually agreed constraints on action, belief and world state. The issues of agent integrity, plans and resources, and their representation, are then discussed, and computational mechanisms defined. An organization is defined as a set of agents with consistent mutual commitments. A mechanism is defined to check and enforce the consistency of these commitments.
SACT: a tool for automating semi-structured organizational communication
Authors: Woo C. C. 
Published: June 2007

To cope with a highly specialized environment, organizational workers specialize in different areas of knowledge (e.g., taxation). Communication plays a very important role in performing organizational tasks that require multiple specializations. In fact, research data shows that managers and professionals spend about 70-80% of their time in communication. To alleviate the time organizational workers spend in communication, some of their communication should be automated. In this paper, we propose a communication tool for this purpose. This tool can be used essentially in the same way that an expert system shell is used.
The function of this tool is to collect data needed for performing a task in an open system. In order to do so, the two communicating parties must understand what each other wants. The speech act taxonomy developed by Searle, then modified by Reiss, is useful for this purpose. However, their taxonomy is intended for general communication. We have to select the appropriate subset of it that is suitable for automating organizational communication and have to operationalize the theory behind it into a computer-based communication tool.