bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors of complicated grief pre‐death in caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Tomarken Alexis , Holland Jimmie , Schachter Sherry , Vanderwerker Lauren , Zuckerman Enid , Nelson Christian , Coups Elliot , Ramirez Paul Michael , Prigerson Holly 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose: Over the past decade, Prigerson and her colleagues have shown that symptoms of ‘complicated grief’—intense yearning, difficulty accepting the death, excessive bitterness, numbness, emptiness, and feeling uneasy moving on and that the future is bleak—are distinct from depression and anxiety and are independently associated with substantial morbidity. Little is known about complicated grief experienced by family caregivers prior to the death. This study sought to examine differences in caregiver age groups and potential risk factors for complicated grief pre‐death.Method: Two hundred and forty eight caregivers from multiple sites nationwide (20–86 years of age) identified themselves as primary caregivers to a terminally ill cancer patient. Each caregiver was interviewed using the following measures: the Pre‐Death Inventory of Complicated Grief‐Caregiver Version; the Brief Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐IV Axis I; the Life Orientation Test‐Revised; the SEPRATE Measure of Stressful Life Events; the Covinsky Family Impact Survey; and mental health access questions.Results: The study found that those under 60 years old had higher levels of complicated grief pre‐death than caregivers 60 and older (t(246)=2.30, p<0.05). Significant correlations were also found between levels of complicated grief pre‐loss and the following psychosocial factors: perceived social support (r=−0.415, p<0.001); history of depression (r=−0.169, p<0.05); current depression (r=−0.158, p<0.05); current annual income (Spearman rho =−0.210, p<0.01); annual income at time of patient's diagnosis (Spearman rho =−0.155, p=0.05); pessimistic thinking (r=0.320, p<0.001); and number of moderate to severe stressful life events (Spearman rho = 0.218, p=0.001). In a multi‐variate analysis (R2=0.368), pessimistic thinking (Beta = 0.208, p<0.05) and severity of stressful life events (Beta = 0.222, p<0.05) remained as important factors to developing complicated grief pre‐death.Conclusions: These results suggest that mental health professionals who work with caregivers should pay particular attention to pessimistic thinking and stressful life events, beyond the stress of the loved one's illness, that caretakers experience. Additionally, although not reaching significance, mental health professionals should also consider younger caregivers at greater risk for complicated grief pre‐loss. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the metabolism of 4‐methylpiperazine‐1‐carbodithioc acid 3‐cyano‐3,3‐ diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride in rat bile by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Kong Detao , Han Fangbin , Ling Xiaomei , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Runtao , Cui Jingrong 
Published: April 2007

Abstract4‐Methylpiperazine‐1‐carbodithioc acid 3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride (TM208) is a newly synthesized compound which has shown excellent in vivo and in vitro anticancer activity and low toxicity. In the present study, the major metabolites of TM208 in rat bile were studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. It was demonstrated that TM208 was extensively metabolized in rat bile and nine metabolites (M1–M9) were definitely or tentatively identified: (2‐aminoethyl)dithiocarbamic acid 3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl ester (M1), (2‐methylaminoethyl)dithiocarbamic acid 3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl ester (M2), 4‐[(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)thioxomethanesulfinyl]‐2,2‐diphenylbutyronitrile (M3), 4‐methylpiperazine‐1‐carbodithioic acid 3‐cyano‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylpropyl ester(M4), the sulfine of (4‐methylpiperazine‐1‐carbodithioc acid 3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl ester) (M5), 4‐methylpiperazine‐1‐carbothioic acid S‐(3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl) ester (M6), piperazine‐1‐carbodithioic acid 3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl ester (M7), 4‐hydroxymethylpiperazine‐1‐carbothioic acid S‐(3‐cyano‐3,3‐diphenylpropyl) ester (M8) and the sulfine of [4‐methylpiperazine‐1‐carbodithioic acid 3‐cyano‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylpropyl ester] (M9). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust tracking control for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with measurable output feedback
Authors: Pan Ya‐Jun , Marquez Horacio J. , Chen Tongwen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust output feedback controller for a class of nonlinear systems to track a desired trajectory. Our main goal is to ensure the global input‐to‐state stability (ISS) property of the tracking error nonlinear dynamics with respect to the unknown structural system uncertainties and external disturbances. Our approach consists of constructing a nonlinear observer to reconstruct the unavailable states, and then designing a discontinuous controller using a back‐stepping like design procedure to ensure the ISS property. The observer design is realized through state transformation and there is only one parameter to be determined. Through solving a Hamilton–Jacoby inequality, the nonlinear control law for the first subsystem specifies a nonlinear switching surface. By virtue of nonlinear control for the first subsystem, the resulting sliding manifold in the sliding phase possesses the desired ISS property and to certain extent the optimality. Associated with the new switching surface, the sliding mode control is applied to the second subsystem to accomplish the tracking task. As a result, the tracking error is bounded and the ISS property of the whole system can be ensured while the internal stability is also achieved. Finally, an example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gallstone Ileus: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Ayantunde A. A. , Agrawal A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundGallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, mostly in the elderly. It accounts for 1%–4% of mechanical bowel obstruction and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present our experience of gallstone ileus and discuss current opinion as reported in the literature.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was performed of medical records of patients in our institution coded for gallstone ileus by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD K‐563) coding system between January 1998 and December 2005.ResultsThere were 22 patients with mean age of 77 (58–92) years and a female to male ratio of 4.5:1. Most patients presented with abdominal pain and vomiting, with a median duration of symptoms of 3 (1–28) days. Preoperative diagnosis was made in 77% from a combination of plain x‐ray, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) scans; 86.4% of the patients belonged to ASA class of 3 or 4. Twenty patients underwent enterolithotomy alone, and two had one‐stage procedure. The mean size of impacted stones was 3.6 (2.5–4.5) cm, with location in the terminal ileum in 17 and jejunum in 5 patients. There were 5 perioperative deaths and an episode of cholangitis occurring in one patient 18 months after enterolithotomy alone.ConclusionsGallstone ileus is a difficult clinical entity to diagnose. Unreserved use of imaging techniques can improve diagnostic accuracy and speed of therapeutic decision making. Management of gallstone ileus must be individualized. The one‐stage procedure should be offered only to highly selected patients with good cardiorespiratory reserve and with absolute indications for biliary surgery at the time of presentation.
An evidence‐based review of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Sanders Enoch M. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Brierley James , Shin Jennifer , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundPoorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) presents the endocrinologist and surgeon with challenges of recognition and treatment given the lack of consensus on histopathologic definition and limited literature on surgical and nonsurgical treatment.MethodsWe offer an operational pathologic definition for PDTC, which should help guide future work in this area. Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer should include insular and trabecular variants but should not include solid type lesions (included by other workers) or more differentiated tumors that may have poor prognosis such as tall cell, columnar, diffuse sclerosing, and oncocytic lesions. Systematic evidence‐based literature reviews focusing on two questions were carried out: (1) is PDTC associated with an intermediate prognosis relative to anaplastic and WDTC? and (2) What are the postoperative treatment options for poorly differentiated thyroid cancer?ConclusionsWe have found level IV evidence that PDTC is intermediate between WDTC and anaplastic cancers in terms of prognosis. It represents a disease where appropriate administration of aggressive treatment not typically necessary for routine WDTC and not effective for anaplastic disease may uniquely result in substantial benefit. Limited level IV data show conflicting results regarding 131I treatment benefit. Given lack of morbidity and potential for benefit, we recommend that 131I therapy be considered in all patients postoperatively. Recommendation regarding external beam radiotherapy (XRT) is based primarily on extrapolation from studies in forms of poor‐prognosis WDTC where substantial data exist regarding treatment benefit. We recommend that external beam treatment be considered in all patients with PDTC with T3 tumors without distant metastasis, all patients with T4 tumors, and all patients with regional lymph node involvement.
Epidermal Lipoxygenase Products of the Hepoxilin Pathway Selectively Activate the Nuclear Receptor PPARα
Authors: Yu Zheyong , Schneider Claus , Boeglin William E. , Brash Alan R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractArachidonic acid can be transformed into a specific epoxyalcohol product via the sequential action of two epidermal lipoxygenases, 12R‐LOX and eLOX3. Functional impairment of either lipoxygenase gene (ALOX12B or ALOXE3) results in ichthyosis, suggesting a role for the common epoxyalcohol product or its metabolites in the differentiation of normal human skin. Here we tested the ability of products derived from the epidermal LOX pathway to activate the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors PPARα, γ, and δ, which have been implicated in epidermal differentiation. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay in PC3 cells, the 12R‐LOX/eLOX3‐derived epoxyalcohol, 8R‐hydroxy‐11R,12R‐epoxyeicosa‐5Z,9E,14Z‐trienoic acid, activated PPARα with similar in potency to the known natural ligand, 8S‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8S‐HETE) (both at 10 μM concentration). In contrast, the PPARγ and PPARδ receptor isoforms were not activated by the epoxyalcohol. Activation of PPARα was also observed using the trihydroxy hydrolysis products (trioxilins) of the unstable epoxyalcohol. Of the four trioxilins isolated and characterized, the highest activation was observed with the isomer that is also formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the epoxyalcohol. Formation of a ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARα may be one possibility by which 12R‐LOX and eLOX3 contribute to epidermal differentiation.
Chemiluminescent Methods in Olive Oil Analysis
Authors: Navas M. J. , Jiménez A. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present review describes chemiluminescence applications to olive oil analysis and olive mill wastewater and covers the literature published in recent years. The article has been divided into several sections that discuss specific applications for determining phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging, oxidative stability and the detection of possible adulteration by seed oils. The advantages and disadvantages of the chemiluminescence detection systems for these purposes are evaluated.
Long memory in energy futures prices
Authors: Elder John , Serletis Apostolos 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper extends the work in Serletis [Serletis, A. (1992). Unit root behavior in energy futures prices. The Energy Journal 13, 119–128] by re‐examining the empirical evidence for random walk type behavior in energy futures prices. It tests for fractional integrating dynamics in energy futures markets utilizing more recent data (from January 3, 1994 to June 30, 2005) and a new semi‐parametric wavelet‐based estimator, which is superior to the more prevalent GPH estimator (on the basis of Monte‐Carlo evidence). We find new evidence that energy prices display long memory and that the particular form of long memory is anti‐persistence, characterized by the variance of each series being dominated by high frequency (low wavelet scale) components.
Isotope-geochemical systematics of kimberlites and related rocks from the Siberian Platform
Authors: Kostrovitsky S.I. , Morikiyo T. , Serov I.V. , Yakovlev D.A. , Amirzhanov A.A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Using the ICP-MS method we have studied the isotope systematics of Sr and Nd as well as trace element composition of a representative collection of kimberlites and related rocks from the Siberian Platform. The summarized literature and our own data suggest that the kimberlites developed within the platform can be divided into several petrochemical and geochemical types, whose origin is related to different mantle sources. The petrochemical classification of kimberlites is based on persistent differences of their composition in mg# and in contents of indicator oxides such as FeOtot, TiO2, and K2O. The recognized geochemical types of kimberlites differ from one another in the level of concentration of incompatible elements as well as in their ratios.
Most of isotope characteristics of kimberlites and related rocks of the Siberian Platform correspond to the earlier studied Type 1 basaltoid kimberlites from different provinces of the world: Points of isotopic compositions are in the field of primitive and weakly depleted mantle. An exception is one sample of the rocks from veins of the Ingashi field (Sayan area), which is characterized by the Sr and Nd isotopic composition corresponding to Type 2 micaceous kimberlites (orangeites).
The most important feature of distribution of isotopic and trace-element compositions (incompatible elements) is their independence of the chemical rock composition. It is shown that the kimberlite formation is connected with, at least, two independent sources, fluid and melt, responsible for the trace-element and chemical compositions of the rock. It is supposed that, when rising through the heterogeneous lithosphere of the mantle, a powerful flow of an asthenosphere-derived fluid provoked the formation of local kimberlite chambers there. Thus, the partial melting of the lithosphere mantle led to the formation of contrasting petrochemical types of kimberlites, while the geochemical specialization of kimberlites is due to the mantle fluid of asthenosphere origin, which drastically dominated in the rare-metal balance of a hybrid magma of the chamber.
International Competitiveness and Technological Change
Authors: Miozzo Marcela , Walsh Vivien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis book analyses the role of technological change in the competitiveness of firms and national economies. This includes an examination of the roles of R&D spending, and the organizational and technological capabilities of firms in the encouragement of innovation; the way institutions in various nations differ in the way in which they encourage, or discourage, innovation; and the way in which different industrial sectors provide, or fail to provide, incentives to innovate; and the ways in which trade, the operation of multinationals and international trade negotiations influence national production and innovation systems. The book explores the relation between organizational structures, and the process of innovation. It places the analysis of innovation within an international perspective and gives historical and current examples of the interaction between organizational and technological capabilities, industrial and innovation policies and economic performance. Examples are drawn from a range of sectors (services, pharmaceuticals, construction, chemicals) and a range of countries (including the UK and other European countries, the USA, East Asia, and Latin America).
Cochlear Implantation in Cockayne Syndrome: Our Experience of Two Cases With Different Outcomes
Authors: Morris David P. , Alian Wael , Maessen Heather , Creaser Cathy , Demmons‐O'Brien Stephanie , Van Wijhe Rene , Bance Manohar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive defect in DNA repair resulting in a classic facies with potential visual and auditory impairment. The hearing loss begins peripherally and may become central as the condition progresses. Coexisting sensory deprivation from visual impairment and the possibility of progressive deterioration in mental function conspire with a lack of published experience to produce many challenges for the cochlear implant team. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case reports with documented follow‐up of cochlear implantation in two patients with different manifestations of Cockayne syndrome.
Giant Fibrovascular Polyp of the Esophagus Causing Sudden Dyspnea: Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: Alobid Isam , Vilaseca Isabel , Fernández Jose , Bordas Josep María 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA 76‐year‐old man with sudden dyspnea was admitted to our department. A fleshy mass was visualized in the labial commissure, and the flexible esophagoscopy showed the polyp prolapsed into the oropharynx, partially obstructing the airway. The polyp was encircled with a large oval snare and Endoloop, which was adjusted to stalk‐basis before tightening. Pure coagulation was used to transect the lesion, which was then retrieved. The polyp measured 10 × 2.5 cm. To our knowledge, our case is the first large esophageal giant fibrovascular polyps causing sudden dyspnea in the literature that has been resected endoscopically without complications.
Factors That Influence Treatment Decision in Older Patients With Resectable Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sanabria Alvaro , Carvalho André Lopes , Vartanian José Guilherme , Magrin José , Ikeda Mauro Kasuo , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives: To find clinical factors related to administration of substandard treatment in older patients with head and neck cancer.Study Design: Historic cohort.Methods: Patients of 70 years of age of older with diagnosis of resectable head and neck cancer were included. Treatment offered to patients was classified as standard or substandard by experienced surgeons. Relation of age, clinical stage, comorbidities, performance status, and treatment with substandard treatment was explored. The effect of substandard treatment on survival was assessed.Results: Three hundred twelve patients were included. Substandard treatment was offered to 19.9% of patients. Associated factors related to selection of substandard treatment were higher age, oro/hypopharynx tumor site, severe comorbidity, advanced clinical stage, and low Karnofsky Index. Patients submitted to substandard treatment had lower overall and cancer‐specific survival (45.9% vs. 19.9% and 63.0% vs. 33.1%, respectively).Conclusion: Selection of substandard treatment decreases overall and cancer‐specific survival. Selecting substandard treatment for reasons such as chronologic age, tumor site, or moderate or mild comorbidities worsen patient prognosis.
Solitary Parathyroid Adenoma: A Rare Cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Children
Authors: Venail Frederic , Nicollas Richard , Morin Denis , Mackle Tara , Garnier J M. , Triglia Jean‐Michel , Mondain Michel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSolitary parathyroid adenoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in children. We report the cases of four children, aged 7 to 14 years old, who presented with a variety of symptoms (growth retardation, glomerulonephritis, pathological fracture, mood swings). Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, imaging, and biochemical analysis. Treatment consisted of surgical excision of the adenoma. As diagnosis was delayed in all four patients, we recommend systematically checking serum calcium levels in children with certain nonspecific symptoms. Adenoma resection usually restores normal serum calcium levels and, hence, avoids further complications.
Racial Differences in Stage and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nichols Anthony C. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives: The goal of this study was to characterize differences in survival between black patients and white patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCCA).Design: Cases of oral tongue and glottic SCCA in black patients or white patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (years 1988–2002). For each primary site, TNM staging was imputed, and staging distributions were compared between races. For each black patient, a randomly selected white control was matched for age at diagnosis, sex, stage, surgical treatment, and radiation. Kaplan‐Meier survival comparisons for both overall and disease‐specific survival were then conducted for the matched pairs.Results: From 1,919 cases of carcinoma of the oral tongue, those of 151 black and 1,768 white patients were extracted. Black patients had a significantly elevated T stage (P = .001) and N stage (P = .002) at primary presentation. Of glottic carcinoma, 4,578 cases (625 black and 3,953 white patients) were extracted. Black patients again presented with significantly elevated T stage (P < .001) and N stage (P < .001) compared with white patients. For 43 matched pairs with tongue carcinoma, mean overall survival for black patients was 66.1 months versus 74.8 months for matched white controls (P = .502, log‐rank test). Disease‐specific survival was 91.1 months for black patients versus 109.6 months for white patients (P = .168). For 401 matched pairs with glottic carcinoma, mean overall survival for black patients was 96.6 months versus 114.5 months for white controls (P < .001). Similarly, the mean disease‐specific survival was 149.4 months for black patients versus 167.1 months for white patients (P < .001)Conclusion: Controlling for stage and treatment, black patients demonstrate poorer overall and disease‐specific survival with SCCA, implying other intrinsic or extrinsic factors influencing survival.