bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The provision of dental care for institutionalized mentally subnormal persons in Norway
Authors: SVATUN BJARNE 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn order to study the provision of dental care and preventive measures for institutionalized mentally subnormal persons in Norway, a random sample of individuals (n= 353) was investigated. The provision of regular dental care was found to be dependent on institutional size rather than on geographic location. The number of institutionalized patients was evenly distributed in relation to population density in different areas of the country. A total of 37 % of the patients received no regular care. Access to dental care decreased with increasing age, presumably because most of the younger patients were domiciled in the larger institutions. Comprehensive programs for the prevention of dental disease were established in only a few institutions.
Studies on the effect of dentifrices with low fluoride content
Authors: Forsman Britta 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe caries prophylactic effect of dentifrices with a low fluoride (F) content has been tested in a 2‐year double‐blind experiment on 1,150 schoolchildren aged 11–14 years who have had fortnightly F mouthrinses as a basic prophylaxis. Clinical registration of new DMFS and new smooth surface caries showed only insignificant differences for the groups treated with regular, weak or F‐free dentifrices. Radiographic investigation showed a tendency towards fewer decayed surfaces in the groups treated with a monofluorophosphate (MFP) dentifrice with regular F content and CaCO3 as polishing agent, but no significant effect with the corresponding dentifrice with lower F content. In groups treated with a dentifrice with silicon dioxide as the polishing agent both the regular content of MFP and a weak concentration of NaF resulted in fewer radiographically diagnosed carious lesions in the groups of girls, who had a higher caries rate than the boys. These and other data are combined in the Discussion into a hypothetic model for the mode of action of MFP and NaF dentifrices, with a view to continued development towards optimal clinical results with minimal F absorption.
Effectiveness of a dental education program on oral cleanliness of schoolchildren in Israel
Authors: Anaise J. Z. , Zilkah E. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a dental health education program providing dental health information and toothbrushing instruction on oral cleanliness. Two methods of instruction, individual and group instruction, are presented in this study. The plaque situation was assessed in a group of 175 children, 11–14 years of age, by the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) method at the beginning of the study and at 1, 2, and 12 months.It was found that immediately after instruction the dental health education program resulted in improved oral hygiene home care for the two experimental groups. However, the improvement noted was achieved regardless of the method of toothbrushing instruction (individual versus group). Moreover, it was demonstrated that maintenance of a satisfactory level of oral hygiene home care was dependent upon review of educational programs and toothbrushing instruction and not related to the method of instruction.
Follow‐up study of sealing and filling with composite resins in the prevention of occlusal caries
Authors: Raadal Magne 
Published: May 2006

abstract A diluted composite resin (Concise® diluted with Concise Enamel Bond®) was used for fissure scaling and filling in 896 permanent first molars of 281 children, initially 5–7 years of age. Ordinary fissure sealing was used for fissures with no apparent caries, while a filling method was used after an explorative drilling with a small round bur (Ash® No. 1/2) in fissures with incipient caries.On the basis of clinical evaluation every 6 months, the frequency of total retention of the composite material after different observation periods was calculated using the life table method. The rate of success in the fissure sealing group was 94.8% after 6 months, falling to 75.2% after 30 months. The corresponding data for the filled teeth were 92.6% and 83.5%. It would seem that diluted composite resin is well suited for the prevention of caries in pits and fissures.
Field testing of an information system for planning and evaluating dental services
Authors: Downer M. C. , Teagle F. A. , Whittle J. G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA survey of the dental health and need for treatment of 796 children, one in 10 of those in the 1st and 3rd years of high schools in a health administrative area, was carried out using a comprehensive, computerized, epidemiological information system. The system was designed to aid in planning and evaluating services and expressed treatment need on the Resource Related Index as well as utilizing conventional indices. A baseline profile of the dental condition of children in four districts was obtained. This was compared with findings from other surveys. The problem of interexaminer reliability was also discussed.
The application of the International Classification of Diseases to dentistry and stomatology
Authors: Bezroukov V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Application of the International Classification of Diseases to Dentistry and Stomatology (ICD‐DA) takes from the parent volume (the International Classification of Diseases) all those items of specific interest in regard to oral pathology whether they be common or rare conditions, or whether the pathology originates in the oral cavity or is a manifestation of a systemic disease. The initial advantage is convenience in finding the numerical classification of disease without searching through the large parent volume. However, an even greater advantage is the fact that these conditions are not sufficiently sub‐classified in the parent manual whereas in the ICD‐DA they are classified down to the five‐digit level to make differential diagnosis meaningful within the practice of dentistry.
Brisbane Dental Survey, 1977 A comparative study of caries experience of children in Brisbane, Australia over a 20‐year period
Authors: McEniery T. M. , Davies G. N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA dental survey of 1002 children aged 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years was carried out in Brisbane using criteria and methods of the World Health Organization. Mean DMFT per child were substantially lower than expected for a non‐fluoridated area, being 0.7, 2.0 3.1, 4.7 and 7.2 for the respective age groups. These scores represent a 50 % reduction cm levels reported in 1954 and a 20–35 % reduction on caries experience of Queensland country, children in 1967. 21 % of the sample consumed fluoride tablets regularly and these had caries levels virtually identical with life‐time residents of fluoridated areas. Compared with children never taking tablets they had 58–79 % fewer DMFT and 28–54 % fewer DMFT From data of a study of Townsville in 1975 after 10 years' fluoridation it can be calculated that there would be approximately 180000 fewer restorations required in Brisbane if that city had been fluoridated 10 years previously.
Dental caries prevalence in 5‐year‐old children in Mallow (a non‐fluoridated area), Cork, Ireland
Authors: Mageean James F. , Holland Timothy J. , Gleeson Patrick 
Published: May 2006

Abstract295 5‐year‐old children were examined in Mallow, a non‐fluoridated town in North Cork to ascertain the dental status of children commencing first level education. The results were compared with those found in Baja, Hungary and in Barnsley, England. The def in Mallow was found to be 5.15 and the Met Need Index 14%. The authors suggest that the programmes of dental care should be re‐examined in the light of these findings and more emphasis placed on the prevention and treatment of caries at an earlier age.
Comparison of two groups of patients with TMJ‐disorder
Authors: Helöe Berit 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA total of 49 patients seeking treatment for TMJ‐disorders in a district in Northern Norway during a period of 3 months, were described according to social, medical and dental characteristics, amount and type of symptoms, and clinical findings. Data were compared with those obtained from a group of TMJ‐patients at the Dental Faculty, University of Oslo. In both materials women were heavily overrepresented. In the group presently studied, the age profile and the amount of reported stressors were higher, and the social class composition somewhat lower, than those in the material obtained at the University. These inequalities should be seen in. context with the demographic composition of the two communities. It is anticipated that the main characteristics of the university group are generally valid for patients with TMJ‐disorders in Norway.
Dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a review
Authors: Shaw W. C. , Addy M. , Ray C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe relationship between malocclusion and the health of the masticatory apparatus is reviewed. While there is evidence that certain features such as traumatic deep overbite, unprotected incisors and impacted teeth may adversely affect the longevity of the dentition, the relationship of dental irregularity to periodontal disease, caries and mandibular dysfunction is less certain. Studies in the Held of social psychology indicate that an unattractive physical appearance may evoke an unfavourable social response in many facets of social interaction but the place of dentofacial anomalies in this context has not been satisfactorily assessed. The individual's adjustment to his own imperfections in dental alignment is variable and there is no evidence that children with visible irregularities will in general be emotionally handicapped. Effectiveness studies have yet to be undertaken but the factors which will have to be taken into account in assessing the benefits of orthodontic treatment are the definition of treatment need, treatment standards, the disadvantages of treatment and the influence of other determinants of dental health. The need for further research is underlined.
Radiographic survey of periodontal disease in 264 adolescent schoolboys in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Macgregor I. D. M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPeriapical radiographs were taken of central incisor and first molar teeth in 264 Nigerian boys (12–20 years) from a school in Lagos. From the radiographs, bone loss involving central incisors and first molars was measured. Bone loss was evident in 28.4% of subjects examined. The prevalence of bone loss rose through the age groups from 23.2% at 12–13 years to 34.6% at 18–20 years. Over all ages the prevalence of bone loss involving mandibular central incisors was 14.4%, mandibular first molars 9.8%, maxillary first molars 8.3% and maxillary central incisors 7.6%. Two subjects showed features characteristic of juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis).
44‐year dental health survey of Helsinki schoolchildren
Authors: Rytömaa Inkeri , Järvinen Varpu , Boris Calonius P.‐E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to establish whether the number of intact teeth in Helsinki schoolchildren aged 7–13 years was rationally correlated with the wartime reduction in sugar consumption and, later, with dental health education programs in Finland. The period covered is 44 years. The results show that dental health education is effective in caries prevention and that enforced programs can lead to an improvement similar to that seen during the war.
Effect of an instructional motivation program on oral health in Danish adolescents after 1 and 2 years
Authors: Melsen Birte , Agerbæk Nina 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA 2‐year study of the isolated effect of an intensive motivation program in the oral health of 11‐15‐year‐old schoolchildren was carried out in a Danish provincial town. The motivation program consisted of small‐group sessions during which maximum effort was made to obtain active engagement from the children. After 1 year the experimental group was supplemented with two new groups of children who in addition to the motivation participated in a competition on dental hygiene. The effect of the motivational program on knowledge and behavior was evaluated. While the program seemed to result in a reinforcement, of the already existing positive attitude, the cognitive level was only slightly improved and no change in behavior resulting in improved oral health was registered.
Determination of optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water in an area in India with dental fluorosis
Authors: Chandra Shiv , Sharma Rameshwar , Parshuram Thergaonkar Veenayak , Chaturvedi Shyam Kumar 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe present study was made to determine the optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water in a fluorotic zone. The area under study was divided in four parts on the basis of fluorides present in drinking water. A sample of 1320 persons was examined, where prevalence of dental fluorosis varied from 3.8% to 65.4% depending on the fluoride concentration in drinking water. Statistically significant increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis was found (a) with I he rise in fluoride in drinking water, (b) with the rise in age, peak being found at 15‐19 years age group and (c) amongst the bona fide residents of the area. A significant positive correlation was found between fluoride in drinking water and Community Fluorosis Index. While determining the optimal level of fluoride in drinking water, values obtained were 1.05 parts/106, 0.8 parts/106and 0.34 part/106, respectively, by different formulae in a fluorotic zone of western India.
Economic aspects of a caries preventive program
Authors: Klock Björn 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCost‐benefit and cost‐effectiveness analyses (CBA and CEA) have been done on a preventive program. The program included professional toothcleaning, dietary and oral hygiene instruction, topical fluoride application and sealing of pits and fissures in 9‐12‐year‐old children over 2 years. All measures were delivered by a specially trained dental nurse. In spite of a marked reduction in caries activity both CBA and CEA indicated that the preventive program was highly uneconomic compared to traditional dental care (3.73/1). However, when comparing the cost per completely treated child and year in the trial clinic continuing to use the preventive measures described, with that in dental clinics with no special preventive programs the cost seemed to be lower in the trial clinic now markedly interested in prophylaxis.
Evaluation of the use of colour transparencies for scoring gingivitis
Authors: Dunne S. M. , Day C. R. , Alexander A. G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effects of altering exposure, angle at which the exposure was made, magnification, type of flash, and the method of viewing, on scoring gingivitis from colour transparencies were evaluated. The results of this study suggest that, by using a standardised photographic technique, the scoring of gingivitis from colour transparencies is a valid procedure. However, many practical drawbacks arose, indicating that this method is not entirely satisfactory.
Dental anxiety and needs in low‐income pregnant women
Authors: Silberman Stephen L. , Cohen Leonard A. , Meydrech Edward F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study utilized the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) in examining 128 pregnant women, aged 15‐34. The data indicated that 71 % had not been to the dentist within the past year, 58% had made their last visit to the dentist because of pain, and 36% had presented to the dentist in pain. These patients had a mean of 7.3 tooth surfaces, or almost two teeth, that needed to be extracted, and 11.3 tooth surfaces, or almost three teeth, that had been extracted previously. Fillings were almost non‐existent in this group of women. The moderately high anxiety scores were anticipated due to the inverse association between socioeconomic status and dental anxiety. However, knowing the anxiety level and needs prior to treatment prepared the operator to use caution and tact during each procedure. This brief test is invaluable in dental treatment situations.
Relationship between reported toothbrushing and dental caries in adults
Authors: Rajala Matti , Seläinaho Kalevi , Paunio Ilkka 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe relationship of toothbrushing to dental decay has remained unclear. In the present study an effort was made to throw more light on this problem. Clinical and interview data were obtained from 212 males. Potential confounding risk indicators were controlled by a multivariate confounder summarizing score. In general it was found that the values of caries prevalence indicator were consistently higher for sporadic toothbrushers. It was concluded that the current study provides evidence in favor of a positive association between toothbrushing and low caries prevalence.
Attitudes toward National Health Insurance: dentists, dental students, and dental hygiene students
Authors: Abrams Richard A. , Petterson Mary Vogt 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe attitudes toward National Health Insurance held by 126 second year dental students and 108 second year dental hygiene students enrolled in the state of Wisconsin, U.S.A., were measured and compared with the attitudes held by practicing dentists in the U.S.A. Although some similarities were noted, marked differences were revealed, with students, generally, preferring broader coverage and more government involvement than practicing dentists. There is virtually no published data in this area, and more research is needed, as the success or failure of any National Health Insurance plan depends critically on the altitudes of both health care providers and those studying to become health care providers.
Assessment of the validity of two plaque indices
Authors: Mander Carol I. , Mainwaring Peter J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe validity of the Podshadley and Haley Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHPI) and the Silness and Löe Index (PlI) was investigated. Fifty children aged 11–12 years were examined by a single examiner and plaque collected from all accessible smooth surfaces, and dry‐weight determined. Statistically, there were significant positive correlations between plaque dry weight and PlI (r = 0.61) & PHPI (r = 0.63). The results indicate that both indices were equally good indicators of the amount of plaque on accessible smooth surfaces.
A survey of dental disease in children of Wuvulu Island, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Slome Beryl Abrams , Rozier Richard Gary , Seidel James S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA convenience sample of 153 boys and girls, aged 3‐16 years, inhabiting Wuvulu Island were examined for the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and for oral hygiene status. Average of teeth and surface scores for the group were 2.08 and 3.35, respectively, while average DMF teeth and surface scores were 0.90 and 1.20, respectively. Of the sample, 30.7% were caries free. Oral hygiene was poor and males had significantly more periodontal disease than females. While primary teeth were about three times more susceptible to caries than permanent teeth, tooth loss due to caries was not a problem in primary teeth. The authors discuss findings of other researchers and reasons for the greater prevalence of caries in primary teeth.
Discriminatory ability of caries diagnosis from bitewing radiographs in caries prophylactic trials
Authors: Howat Alison P. , Brandt R. S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe discriminatory ability of radiological criteria in common use in clinical trials was tested on 99 female teenagers selected from a larger sample taking part in a 3–year caries prophylactic clinical trial. Four radiological caries diagnostic criteria were selected as generally representative of those in current use following a comprehensive review of the literature. A significant preventive effect was evident from the radiographic examinations after 3 years. At this time a significant difference between mean DFS increments was recorded when enamel lesions were omitted (P < 0.05). Although preventive treatment effects were evident at all diagnostic levels, the discriminatory abilities differed. The criterion “involvement of amelodentinal junction but not beyond” was most discriminatory.
Oral findings in glassblowers
Authors: Schiödt Morten , Larsen Vagn , Bessermann Mogens 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOral changes related to the occupation of glassblowing have been examined in 74 Danish glassblowers, consisting of 44 active glassblowers (Group 1) and 30 past glassblowers (Group 2). In addition, 15 non‐glassblowers (Group 3) were examined. All three groups worked in the same department of mouth‐blown glassware in Holmegaard's Glassworks. White patches of the buccal mucosa occurred in 23 % of active glassblowers, but did not occur among past or non‐glassblowers. Histologically, the white lesions revealed morsicatio buccarum‐Like changes. The lesions are reversible and should be distinguished from leukoplakias. The term “glassblower's white patch” is suggested. Furthermore black discolorations of vermilion border and front teeth occurred in 30% and 62%, respectively, of active glassblowers. Tooth fractures, mostly enamel fractures, caused by the blowpipe were found in 43% of active glassblowers and 19% of past glassblowers.
Factors that influence dental visiting amongst young adults 16–20 years old
Authors: Craft Michael , Croucher Ray 
Published: May 2006

AbstractInterviews investigating factors influencing dental visiting were held with a nationally drawn (England + Wales) random sample of 690 16–20‐year‐olds. The results presented relate specifically to the last reported dental visit, the balance of self and professional dental care, knowledge and acceptability of charges for dental treatment, factors in choosing a dentist, feelings about visiting the dentist and whether information relating to treatment or prevention is either asked of or given by the dentist. The results were found to vary by age, sex, social class and region. The implications of these findings for the training of dentists and dental health education messages are discussed.
Network capitation practices: a new concept
Authors: Rosenstein David I. , Cogan Gerald L. , Joseph Lireka P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe percentage of consumers in the U. S. covered by dental insurance has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. As dental insurance grows, it is becoming increasingly important to examine the context of dental care payment systems. At present, almost all insurance programs are geared toward the fee‐for‐service system, which reimburses dentists a fixed sum for each type of procedure. The exceptions to fee‐for‐service dental insurance plans are few. A capitation program for dental care, which reimburses dentists a fixed amount per enrolled patient regardless of services rendered, offers many advantages for both consumers and providers and should be available as an option. Network capitation represents a new approach to the payment of dental care. A network capitation program is being developed in the United States and will use an approach involving two contracts, one which will be used with an insurance company, and the second with a network of private practitioners. The insurance company will supply dental practices with dental patients and funds on a capitation basis. Patients will be given the choice of fee‐for‐service or capitation. Network capitation allows fee‐for‐service solo or group practitioners to incorporate capitation patients into their practice.