bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guide to Evaluating Forest Growth Projection Systems
Authors: Buchman Roland G. , Shifley Stephen R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The number and complexity of forest growth projection systems may make the task of evaluating and comparing alternative systems seem overwhelming. Evaluations typically require the synthesis of many quantitative and qualitative factors. Managers can often benefit by separately considering the application environment, the performance, and the design of each candidate system. Although selection of evaluation criteria depends largely upon the application being considered, guidance is available from the many evaluation criteria in the literature.
Estimating Biomass and Nutrient Removal from a Northern Hardwood Harvest
Authors: Hornbeck James W. , Kropelin William K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We compared actual removals of biomass and nutrients from a whole-tree harvest with estimates made from biomass equations and nutrient data in the literature. The estimated values from the literature were suitable for assessing impacts of nutrient removals, but they overestimated biomass removals by an average of 19 percent.
Cost-Effectiveness of the 1979 Forestry Incentives Program
Authors: Risbrudt Christopher D. , Kaiser H. Fred , Ellefson Paul V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1979, the Forestry Incentives Program increased the productivity of nonindustrial private forests by encouraging landowners to manage more intensively than they otherwise would. The increase will amount to almost 1 3 billion cubic feet of timber over the first rotation. Investments by the federal government and landowners will return about 8.6 percent above inflation. Federal taxes these owners will pay on their additional timber income have a present value of over $2 for every dollar expended through the program.
World Forestry: Depletion of the Mauritanian Forest
Authors: Pellek Richard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
All Mauritanian "forests" are confined to the floodplain of the Senegal River at the southern boundary of the country. During the last decade drought seriously depleted them, and the losses have not been made up by restocking. Unless large-scale reforestation is begun soon, the entire resource is threatened with accelerated exploitation by a rapidly increasing population.
Microcomputers: Their Potential for Foresters
Authors: Moser John W. , Hitchcock Harry C. , Rauscher H. Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A conference at Purdue University in 1982 surveyed the potential of microcomputers in forestry. Inventory and management have been among the early applications, and many programs are available--including some for pest management decisions and for evaluating cable logging systems. Microcomputers are highly useful for word processing and, with limitations, for statistical analyses. They have good capacity for data storage and retrieval, can produce maps, and can be used to communicate between computer installations. Program development has been haphazard, but the need for standards and for compatibility is being recognized.
Optimum Tree Size for Products Having a Maximum Scaling Diameter
Authors: Martin A. Jeff 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Although most primary forest products have only minimum size requirements, some have a maximum limitation as well. For products with a maximum scaling diameter, it was found that optimum tree diameter at breast height (the diameter class with the most product volume per tree) could be easily predicted by using only the maximum scaling diameter and product length. A prediction equation and an optimum-d.b.h. table based on this equation are presented.
Catfaces on Lodgepole Pine--Fire Scars or Strip Kills by the Mountain Pine Beetle?
Authors: Mitchell R. G. , Martin R. E. , Stuart John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Basal scars on lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta, are common in central Oregon forests. Although foresters have generally called them fire scars, many result from old strip-attacks by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae--attacks that kill only one side of the stem. Strip-kill scars are usually wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, less than 4 m long, and on the north and east sides of the stem. Dating the scars showed that central Oregon suffered a beetle outbreak between 1920 and 1925 and another between 1900 and 1905. Observations of ring widths in stem sections show that a current outbreak and the previous one started when stand growth was very slow. The mountain pine beetle is apparently an important thinning agent that relieves competition in overstocked stands.
MCH Pheromone for Preventing Douglas-Fir Beetle Infestation in Windthrown Trees
Authors: McGregor Mark D. , Furniss Malcolm M. , Oaks Robert D. , Gibson Kenneth E. , Meyer Hubert E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A granular controlled-release formulation (98 percent inert, 2 percent 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) was applied May 11-13, 1982, at 4.48 kg/ha to 76.9 ha of uninfested windthrown Douglas-fir by helicopter with a modified aerial spreader of 1.13 m³ capacity. Granules measured on treated plots averaged 2.04-2.69 kg/ha, sufficient to reduce Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) infestation 96.4 percent by late June. The same MCH treatment reduced spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) attacks by 55 percent in fewer, intermingled windthrown Engelmann spruce.
Productivity and Cost of Three Small Fuelwood Skidders
Authors: Huyler Neil K. , Koten Donald E. , Lea Richard V. , Quadro Anthony P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Three small tractors--a Holder A-60, Pasquali 993, and Forest Ant--were tested for suitability in skidding fuelwood from a thinning in mixed northern hardwoods. At a 400-foot skidding distance, the Holder ranked the highest in production at 1.67 cords per scheduled hour; skidding cost averaged $12.67 per cord. Values for the Forest Ant were 0.86 cord per scheduled hour at $12.86 per cord; for the Pasquali they were 0.69 cord at $18.12 per cord.
Mapping Broad-Area Fire Potential from Digital Fuel, Terrain, and Weather Data
Authors: Burgan Robert E. , Shasby Mark B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A combination of Landsat spectral data and digital topography data was used to map National Fire Danger Rating (NFDR) fuel models .for a 400-square-mile area near Missoula, Montana. Six NFDR fuel models were mapped at a resolution of approximately one acre. The overall map accuracy was 73 percent. Final products included fuel model maps and overlays at various scales, and digital data bases for fuel models and topography. The data bases were used with the NFDR computer program to produce a series of energy release component maps depicting changes in fire potential during 1982. The effort has encouraged both the National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management to begin constructing similar data bases for their lands.
Changing Perspectives on the Outlook for Timber in the United States
Authors: Adams Darius M. , Haynes Richard W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rates of population and economic growth and the intensity of private forest management are but three of a much broader array of conditions influencing the long-term outlook of the U.S. forest sector. Equally important sources of uncertainty are trends in interest rates, the species and product mix of forest products consumption, use of wood for energy, forest products exports, the cost of wood in Canada, rate of technical improvement in wood and fiber processing, and levels of national forest harvests. Simultaneous changes in only a few of these conditions can lead to future trends in the forest sector that differ significantly from traditional expectations of increasing forest resource scarcity in the United States.
Biomass and Cordwood Production of Red Maple Stands in Rhode Island
Authors: Braiewa Mark A. , Brown James H. , Gould Walter P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Biomass and cordwood production were determined for two seed-origin and two sprout-origin even-aged red maple (Acer rubrum) stands. Mean annual biomass production for the seed-origin stands was 1,914 kg/ha for a 26-year-old stand and 3,218 kg/ha for a 55-year-old stand. For sprout stands, production was 3,318 kg/ha for a 32-year-old stand and 2,525 kg/ha for a 46-year-old stand, suggesting that an optimum rotation age occurs prior to age 46. The oldest seed-origin stand (age 55) had produced the most cord-wood (105.2 cords/ha). Production for the 46-year-old sprout stand was 50 cords/ha.
Exchange Rates Influence Softwood Lumber Trade
Authors: McCarl Bruce A. , Haynes Richard W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Exchange rates influence the softwood lumber trade between the United States and its trading partners. Recent trends in exchange rates for the United States, Canada, and Japan are consistent with an increase in the Canadian share of the U.S. domestic market, a reduction in U.S. exports to Japan, and a relative shift toward a larger Canadian share in the Japanese markets.
Harvesting Causes Only Minor Changes in Physical Properties of an Upland Vermont Soil
Authors: Donnelly John R. , Shane John B. , Yawney Harry W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bulk density, oxygen, and temperature of a northern hardwood forest soil in Vermont were measured immediately before and for 2 years following harvesting using conventional clear-cut and whole-tree removal methods. Bulk density increased (P ≤0.10) as a result of harvesting, but there was no difference between the two harvest methods. Increases were relatively small, and essentially disappeared within 2 years. Soil oxygen was never significantly affected by treatment. Soils in uncut (control) plots were warmer in winter and cooler in summer than those of either harvest area, but these differences appear to be diminishing with establishment of vegetation cover on the harvested plots.
A Framework for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Columbia Basin
Authors: Haynes Richard W. , Graham Russell T. , Quigley Thomas M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A framework was developed to set forth the relationship of science to management for the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. It incorporates a general planning model that has four iterative steps: monitoring, assessment, decisionmaking, and implementation. In this effort we recognized that people are part of ecosystems and that stewardship must resolve the challenge of how to meet multiple demands with finite resources. Science helps decisionmakers choose among options for dynamic systems, but the real challenge is determining whose values will influence land management.
Seven Suggestions for Revising ICBEMP
Authors: O'Laughlin Jay , Maynard Bob , Fitzgerald Steve , Arneson Arnie , Pittman Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ecosystem management is a still-developing concept. The version developed for federal lands in the interior Columbia River basin region includes unreasonable assumptions and outcomes, according to SAF foresters in the region. One of ICBEMP's goals, maintaining ecosystem health and integrity, defies clear definition and quantification, and yet this overrides the goal of achieving sustainable and predictable outputs. The management alternative recommended by ICBEMP portends negative socioeconomic impacts for many communities. A less divisive approach is closer federal cooperation with states in using existing processes and standards to protect aquatic habitats.
The Right to Change Tribal Forest Management
Authors: Yazzie-Durglo Victoria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Traditional national forest management provided the model for Indian forest management up to the Tribal Self-Governance Act of 1994. Now, tribal sovereignty provides a new foundation for Native American forest management that offers the potential for integrating ecological and cultural values. Two tribes--the White Mountain Apache of Arizona and the Menominee of Wisconsin--are incorporating long-term forest practices while clarifying social and economic incentives.
Teaching across Cultures: A Model for International Education in the Natural Resources
Authors: Gillespie Andrew R. , Rawlins William K. , Mills Walter L. , Coppin Pol R. , Olsson Mats , Rosén Kaj , Fries Clas , Bäckström Per-Ove , Agestam Eric , Magnusson Tord 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To help meet the demand for graduates with international skills, Purdue University's Department of Forestry and Natural Resources has teamed with the Sveriges Lantbruks Universitet (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) to offer a jointly taught, four-week summer course that brings together Swedish and American faculty and students. Alternately taught in the United States and Sweden, the course includes lectures on international resources issues, an extended field tour, team projects, leadership training, and communications practice.
Award-Winning Technology Transfer: Case Studies of Success
Authors: Wilkins Brenda L. , Kincaid Dan B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The process of transferring new technology from the originator to the user is a challenge in today's information explosion. Messages may never reach their intended audience unless targeted appropriately and conveyed concisely. Examples of effective technology transfer are a publication titled Crop Tree Management in Eastern Hardwoods; the Wood In Transportation program that communicates modern timber bridge technology; GypsES, a computerized decision-support tool for pest management projects; and two video series produced by cooperative extension services.
The Forces of Change Driving Forestry Education
Authors: Tombaugh Larry W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
No discussion of forestry education today can ignore the large and powerful forces that are redefining all of higher education--forces that will reshape education in forestry, too. Leaders in academia need to develop strong partnerships with their counterparts in the private and public sector so that forestry schools and colleges can continue to teach the scientific and technical skills that future foresters will need to manage our increasingly valuable forest resources.
Functional Communities: A Tool for National Forest Planning
Authors: Jakes Pamela , Fish Thomas , Carr Deborah , Blahna Dale 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Working with residents of northern Wisconsin, the authors found 15 functional communities in and around the Chequamegon and Nicolet National Forests. Functional communities are geographic areas in which people share perceptions of and relationships to forests and natural resources. Several issues were raised by residents in all communities, including concern about development, high property taxes, day-use fees, maintaining access to natural resources, and maintaining the health and productivity of forest ecosystems. Forest planners will need to address these concerns.
Sustainable Forestry, Swedish Style, for Europe's Greening Market
Authors: Hansen Eric , Fletcher Rick , McAlexander James 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Worldwide, forestry is evolving as it reflects change in the way society values forests and forest products. Companies are reacting in a variety of ways. Stora, a large, integrated Swedish company, has implemented ecological landscape planning and begun to certify its ownership under the Forest Stewardship Council system. Actions like Stora's are important for professional foresters to follow as they provide insight into ways for improving the image of forestry and indicate how global competitive forces may develop.
Japanese Tree Improvement and Forest Genetics
Authors: McKeand Steve , Kurinobu Susumu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Scientific information on the management of forest genetic resources is one commodity that should be freely exchanged among nations. American foresters and breeders can learn much about the benefits and risks of clonal plantations from the Japanese, who have a long history of vegetative Propagation techniques and tree improvement programs despite the high cost of management and the reliance on imported wood. Conservation of genetic resources of indigenous forest species is also important in Japan, and excellent research in all forestry disciplines continues.
Balochistan's Ancient Junipers: Bringing Sustainable Management to Dry-Zone Forests
Authors: Ciesla William M. , Mohammed Ghulam , Buzdar A. Hafeez 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Ziarat forest in southwestern Pakistan is a fragile ecosystem. Forest health is poor because of harsh growing conditions and dwarf mistletoe infestations, and natural regeneration of the native juniper is sparse. Human use of the forest, especially fuelwood harvesting and grazing, has caused severe degradation. Yet because of its location, its advanced age, and the range of goods and services it provides, the Ziarat forest is a unique resource. The local people are aware of the tenuous condition of their forest, and attempts to manage this forest in a sustainable manner have begun.
Modeling Fire and Nutrient Flux in the Lake Tahoe Basin
Authors: Rowntree Rowan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Citizens need to understand how their ecosystem works and try to influence its behavior for the common good, but complexity, uncertainty, and cost discourage many communities. In the Lake Tahoe Basin, organizations and individuals are leveraging the community's high interest in lake clarity and fire danger to construct complex, dynamic models for adaptive management. Models show citizens how the ecosystem works so that they can make intelligent decisions about the desired future condition of their ecosystem and determine how the costs and benefits will be distributed.
Multiaged Systems in the Central and Southern Rockies
Authors: Long James N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Silviculturists must be able to assess and control levels of growing stock for the specific structural objectives that arise from new social goals. In the central and southern Rockies, few if any forest types particularly lend themselves to classic uneven-aged selection system; instead, stand density index is used to implement a broad range of structural objectives, from even-aged to multi-aged. Using this index to manage stands is relatively simple and therefore constitutes a practical alternative for unconventional multiaged systems.
Massachusetts: Managing a Watershed Protection Forest
Authors: Barten Paul K. , Kyker-Snowman Thom , Lyons Paul J. , Mahlstedt Thomas , O'Connor Robert , Spencer Bruce A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Quabbin forest of central Massachusetts is the first barrier to contamination at the source of Boston's water supply. An interdisciplinary team is implementing an uneven-aged management strategy to create a watershed protection forest that both ensures water quality and enhances site productivity, biological diversity, and cultural resources. Adapting to changing conditions and learning from experience define this approach to interdisciplinary forestry. Recent green certification by SmartWood provided external review of the public forest's sustainability. Quabbin managers hope to lead local private landowners by their example.
Blacks Mountain, California: Interdisciplinary Field Research in Ponderosa Pine
Authors: Oliver William W. , Powers Robert F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
At an experimental forest in northeastern California, a team of scientists is studying the effects of forest structure, prescribed fire, and cattle grazing on plant and animal communities. Although silviculturists, because of the integrative nature of their field, took the lead in organizing this project, specialists in nearly a dozen disciplines participated in its design. The treatments chosen will provide extreme contrast and thus clear indicators. Implementation is under way, but interim success is defined by the cross-disciplinary work of team members.
Using GIS to Integrate Information on Forest Recreation
Authors: Wing Michael , Shelby Bo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Managers of forested areas must contend with many issues. The integration and analysis of recreational use patterns through a geographic information system (GIS) may assist management efforts. With the spatial component provided by GIS, managers can identify heavily used areas, allocate resources where they are most needed, and take steps to minimize conflicts among users. Although the examples in this study were drawn from McDonald Forest in Oregon, managers of other forests could use similar methods to conduct GIS analyses in their own jurisdictions.
The Public Comment Process: What Do Citizens Contribute to National Forest Management?
Authors: Steelman Toddi A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Public comment is one of the most commonly used methods for obtaining public input in national forest planning. This research explores a historically important planning exercise on the Monongahela National Forest to determine what the public actually contributed to the decisionmaking process. Although citizens generally do not offer useful technical information, the value-based information they provide helps planning staffs determine what the participating public wants. Such value-based information is more difficult to manage and respond to than technical information, however, and the Forest Service may need to adapt accordingly.
Forest Landscapes: Their Effect on the Interaction of the Southern Pine Beetle and Red-Cockaded Woodpecker
Authors: Coulson Robert N. , Guzman Maria D. , Skordinski Karen , Fitzgerald Jeffrey W. , Conner Richard N. , Rudolph D. Craig , Oliveria Forrest L. , Wunneburger Douglas F. , Pulley Paul E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The nature of the interaction of the southern pine beetle and red-cockaded woodpecker was investigated using spatially explicit information on the structure of a forest landscape mosaic and knowledge of the behavior of the two organisms. This interaction is the basis for defining functional heterogeneity--how an organism perceives and responds to the elements forming the landscape. Implications for forest landscape management are discussed. The approach used illustrates how information on landscape configuration can be used with knowledge of animal behavior to investigate species interaction in forests.
Joint Annual Forest Inventory and Monitoring System: The North Central Perspective
Authors: McRoberts Ronald E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The USDA Forest Service is developing Procedures for annual forest inventories to establish the capability of producing annual estimates of forested area, timber volume, related variables, and changes in these variables. The inventory system (JAFIMS) features an annual sample of measured field plots; remote sensing; a database of plot and tree information; logistical procedures for supporting field crews; and an optional function, mechanisms for updating the status of plots measured in previous years. The discussion focuses on system implementation in the North Central region.
NIPF Tax Incentives: Do They Make a Difference?
Authors: Brockett Charles D. , Gebhard Luke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Survey research is used to evaluate how property tax reductions affect the land-use practices and attitudes of nonindustrial private forest landowners in rural Tennessee. The comparison between participants and nonparticipants in the Tennessee Greenbelt program (rather than the determinants of participation itself) provides a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of such incentives. No meaningful differences in the reported behavior relevant to the objectives of the program were found between the two groups, even in the area facing the strongest development pressures.