bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of compact microstrip dual‐band bandpass filters with λ/4 stepped‐impedance resonators
Authors: Jhuang He‐Kai , Lee Ching‐Her , Hsu Chung‐I. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article presents a compact microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) design for the 2.45 and 5.25 GHz wireless local‐area network (WLAN) applications. U‐shaped quarter‐wavelength stepped‐impedance resonators (λ/4 SIRs), for which the circuit size is small and the second resonant frequency can be tuned over a wide range, are adopted in the BPF design. It is shown that the first spurious passbands of the resultant filters are farther away from their second passbands than are those of the corresponding filters using half‐wavelength SIRs. Experiments on a second‐order and a fourth‐order BPF are conducted for validating the filter performance. Good agreement between the measured and the simulated results are observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 164–168, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22094
Optimising the coaxial‐fed location to enhance circular polarization bandwidth of stacked microstrip antennas
Authors: Nasimuddin N. , Esselle Karu P. , Verma A. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new technique is developed to best locate the coaxial feed of a circularly polarized stacked microstrip antenna with the objective of improving the axial‐ratio bandwidth and CP quality of the antenna. In the proposed technique, we move the single feed on an arc between the diagonal and main axis of the driven patch to optimize CP performance. An antenna, on the basis of this technique, has been designed using the Microwave Studio software, and a prototype has been fabricated and tested. The antenna measurements show an excellent 14.8% AR bandwidth, 8 dB gain (over the impedance bandwidth), and 19.5% impedance bandwidth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 132–135, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22096
1H and 13C NMR spectral assignment of alkyl and polyamine‐linked bis(2‐thioxo‐[1,3,5]‐thiadiazinan‐3‐yl) carboxylic acids
Authors: Molero Dolores , Coro Julieta , Pérez Rolando , Suárez Margarita , Martínez‐Álvarez Roberto , Herrera Antonio , Martín Nazario 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for alkyl and polyamine‐linked bis(2‐thioxo‐[1,3,5]thiadiazinan‐3‐yl) carboxylic acids, prepared from alkyl diamines and N4‐(benzyl) spermidine have been fully assigned by combination of one‐ and two‐dimensional experiments (DEPT, HMBC, HMQC, COSY). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR signals of some hydroxyphenylcoumarins
Authors: Quezada Elías , Vilar Santiago , Viña Dolores , Santana Lourdes , Uriarte Eugenio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of six hydroxyphenylcoumarins have been made using 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NGOSS‐based convergent OSS framework toward business agility: KT case
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Seong , Ok Kisang , Hong Daniel W. , Chang Byungsoo , Bang Yoon‐Hak 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecently, most wireline telecom service providers have confronted a decrease of subscribers because wireless service providers are making inroads into traditional telecom markets and gaining tangible net earnings. To overcome a severely competitive business environment, wireline service providers strive to change their service infrastructure from a network‐focused service to a value‐added and customer‐focused one that can create new value and markets. This also entails a paradigm shift in operations and management, and now most service providers are rushing to build a new converged OSS to efficiently accommodate the network and service evolution. KT has driven the NeOSS (New OSS) project to build a convergent OSS for the past 3 years. This paper presents three NGOSS‐based architectural core principles that are the foundation of NeOSS, which are business process integration by using BPM technology, distributed application integration by using EAI technology, and building a consolidated inventory DB based on a standard information model. Lastly, we present KT's operational improvement through the use of NeOSS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of linear and classical velocity update rules in particle swarm optimization: notes on diversity
Authors: Wilke Daniel N. , Kok Schalk , Groenwold Albert A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the significance of diversity in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To do so, we study two different implementations of the PSO, being the so‐calledlinearandclassicalPSO formulations. While the behaviour of these two implementations is markedly different, they only differ in the formulation of the velocity update rule. In fact, the differences are merely due to subtle differences in the introduction of randomness into the algorithm.In this paper, we show that in algorithms employing thelinearPSO velocity update rule, particle trajectories collapse to line searches inn‐dimensional space. Theclassicalformulation does not suffer this drawback. Instead, directional diverse stochastic search trajectories are retained, which in turn helps to alleviate premature convergence. The performance of the classical implementation is therefore superior for all test problems considered, due to the presence of adequate diversity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 macroelements in adaptive finite element methods
Authors: Stogner Roy H. , Carey Graham F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSome interesting properties of composite basis functions for C1 macroelements are investigated, including their use for constructing conforming C1 function spaces on non‐conforming adaptively refined meshes. Of particular interest is the classical cubic Hsieh–Clough–Tocher 3‐split triangle because of its simplicity and convergence properties in fourth‐order problems, as compared with the Powell–Sabin–Heindl 6‐split and 12‐split triangles. A posteriori error indicators for adaptive refinement are developed. Numerical experiments demonstrate convergence rates, and adaptive refinement performance based on a simplified error indicator is tested. Extensibility to analogous three‐dimensional tetrahedral elements is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The partition of unity finite element method for elastic wave propagation in Reissner–Mindlin plates
Authors: Hu N. , Wang H. H. , Yan B. , Fukunaga H. , Roy Mahapatra D. , Gopalakrishnan S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reports a numerical method for modelling the elastic wave propagation in plates. The method is based on the partition of unity approach, in which the approximate spectral properties of the infinite dimensional system are embedded within the space of a conventional finite element method through a consistent technique of waveform enrichment. The technique is general, such that it can be applied to the Lagrangian family of finite elements with specific waveform enrichment schemes, depending on the dominant modes of wave propagation in the physical system. A four‐noded element for the Reissner–Mindlin plate is derived in this paper, which is free of shear locking. Such a locking‐free property is achieved by removing the transverse displacement degrees of freedom from the element nodal variables and by recovering the same through a line integral and a weak constraint in the frequency domain. As a result, the frequency‐dependent stiffness matrix and the mass matrix are obtained, which capture the higher frequency response with even coarse meshes, accurately. The steps involved in the numerical implementation of such element are discussed in details. Numerical studies on the performance of the proposed element are reported by considering a number of cases, which show very good accuracy and low computational cost. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A convergence analysis of the performance of the DRM‐MD boundary integral approach
Authors: Portapila M. , Power H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this article, we study the performance of the dual reciprocity multi‐domains approach (DRM‐MD) when the shape functions of the boundary elements, for both the approximation of the geometry and the surface variables of the governing equations, are quadratic functions. A series of tests are carried out to study the consistency of the proposed boundary integral technique. For this purpose a limiting process of the subdivision of the domain is performed, reporting a comparison of the computed solutions for every refining scheme. Furthermore, the DRM‐MD is solved in its dual reciprocity approximation using two different radial basis interpolation functions, the conical function r plus a constant, i.e. (1+r), and the augmented thin plate spline. Special attention is paid to the contrast between numerical results yielded by the DRM‐MD approach using linear and quadratic boundary elements towards a full understanding of its convergence behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining corporate social responsibility
Authors: Wan‐Jan Wan Saiful 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

This paper aims to provide a working definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It begins by describing how the lack of a widely agreed definition contributed to misunderstandings and cynicism towards the concept itself and argued that hence the need for a working definition. The paper then goes on to divide current literature on CSR, and current business practices, into two main categories depending on the way CSR is perceived—as an ethical position or as a business strategy. A brief overview on how CSR is practised in the real business world is also presented. The paper describes how practitioners seem to be practising CSR despite the lack of a universally agreed definition. Subsequently, based on the ongoing academic debates on CSR and on examples of what is happening in the real business world, the paper concludes with a proposed definition that reconciles ongoing academic debates with practice.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development
Authors: Payne Adrian 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Given today's concerns about the impact of globalisation on the developing world, companies must demonstrate that they are operating responsibly, and work to become more accountable to stakeholders. At the same time there is continuing debate as to the proper role and responsibilities of companies in relation to that of governments when it comes to sustainable development. A cornerstone of British American Tobacco's corporate social responsibility strategy is the initiation of partnerships with non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) to address issues of mutual concern that impact on sustainable development. This paper describes in detail two such partnerships, one focused on preserving biodiversity, the other on trying to eliminate child labour in tobacco growing. it is argued that business‐NGO partnerships such as these can add an extra dimension to the contribution that companies can make themselves in terms of helping the communities and countries in which they operate meet their sustainable development needs.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From a weak letter of intent to prevalence: the toy industries' code of conduct
Authors: Biedermann Reinhard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn 2003, the global toy industry started a new attempt to implement common standards on working conditions in the notorious ‘sweatshop‐factories’ especially in China, where up to three million people from rural provinces produce toys for Western brand name companies. This article explores, why and how the common industry code of conduct (CoC) of the International Council of the Toy Industries (ICTI) gathered momentum and who will benefit from this dynamic. One reason for this harmonization is the uncontrolled growth of unilateral CoC in the industry, that makes it impossible for suppliers to comply with all the requirements, particularly when they deliver to many different brand name companies. Credibility gaps of‐ and critical reports about the CoC‐record of major brand name companies like Disney, Mattel and Hasbro were continuously issued by Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs) from Hong Kong (the Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee, HKCIC), its Northern network partner, the German Catholic Organization Misereor under the umbrella of the ‘fair‐play’ campaign and, by several media reports in reputable newspapers in the USA. Since 2004, even Mattel as a widely acknowledged ambitious company on codes of conduct, supports the less ambitious sector code. Moreover, the ICTI CoC enjoys support from some big retailers like Karstadt‐Quelle, Argos and Woolworth, that give the industry code real authority within the industry. ICTI negotiates with the biggest toy retailers Toys'R'Us and Walmart to accept the code like their own. The coordination between the big retailers and the brand name companies can potentially end current weaknesses of single codes of conduct, that leaves the managerial thesis about ‘first‐mover‐advantages’ or reputation effects for the brand name companies as a myth. In the long run, the major brand companies may benefit of a better reputation of the whole industry, due to the fact that the image of a brand is strongly connected with the image of the whole sector.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trade unions and CSR: a European research agenda
Authors: Preuss Lutz , Haunschild Axel , Matten Dirk 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere is much evidence that Corporate Social Responsibility has increasingly become embraced by industry in Europe. The transfer to Europe of what essentially is a concept embedded in American capitalism, however, results in some interesting contextualizations. One of the most interesting of these is the impact of CSR on one of the most powerful actors to determine the social responsibility of corporations in the European context, namely trade unions and their institutional infrastructure. In many cases unions perceive CSR as a threat, as it transfers yet more power and discretion to managers. By contrast, trade unions in countries with a strong corporatist tradition claim to be themselves drivers of CSR. An altogether different situation exists in Eastern Europe, where unions lack the legitimacy and influence to shape the emerging CSR agenda. Given such a spread of positions, what similarities and differences can be detected in union approaches to CSR? Which specific aspects of CSR are supported by European unions? How have European unions adapted their strategies in response to CSR? This article employs an institutional comparison perspective of selected European countries to explore the role unions play in CSR activities. It maps out the conceptual territory and provides one of the first overviews of the topic.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent gel particles in the nanometer range for detection of metabolites in living cells
Authors: Almdal Kristoffer , Sun Honghao , Poulsen Allan K. , Arleth Lise , Jakobsen Iver , Gu Hong , Scharff‐Poulsen Anne Marie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this present work a research program that aims at the development of sensor particles based on ratiometric detection of fluorescence from two dyes was embarked on. Such particles can in principle be used to achieve spatially and time resolved measurements of metabolite concentrations in living cells. The dyes are chosen such that the fluorescence of one dye is a function of an analyte concentration whereas the fluorescence of the other dye is independent of variations in the medium. Methods have been investigated for synthesizing such particles based on crosslinked polyacrylamide in inverse micelles in oil microemulsions. Typical sizes of the particles are tens of nanometers. Characterization methods for such particles based on size exclusion chromatography, photon correlation spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been developed. The stability of the sensor particles and their potential as an analytical tool will be discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New potentially biodegradable polyurethanes
Authors: Borda Jenő , Kéki Sándor , Bodnár Ildikó , Németh Nóra , Zsuga Miklós 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNew potentially biodegradable, thermoplastic multiblock copolymers from poly(lactic acid), poly (ε‐caprolactone) and/or poly(lactic acid‐ε‐caprolactone) copolymers were synthesized using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as chain extender and poly(ethylene glycol) as intrinsic plasticizer. The structures of the resulting copolymers were unambiguously confirmed by NMR, IR and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) methods. The effects of the molar ratio of the polymers to TDI on the molar mass and on the mechanical properties of the resulting multiblock copolymers were also investigated. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, Shore A hardness and elongation at break of the multiblock copolymers suitable for making foils are compared with those of some relevant commercially available plastics. According to the comparative mechanical tests, some mechanical properties of the new biodegradable copolymers exceed those of the conventional plastics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of polymer architecture and composition on the interfacial properties of temperature‐responsive hydrophobically‐modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamides)
Authors: Liu Roger C. W. , Cantin Sophie , Perrot Françoise , Winnik Françoise M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe relationship between polymer structure and activity at the air/water interface was investigated as a function of temperature for various hydrophobically‐modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamides) (HM‐PNIPAM). To examine the importance of several structural parameters, an unmodified PNIPAM was used as a reference polymer and two sets of HM‐PNIPAM were used (i) bearing an n‐alkyl chain at one or both terminal positions of the polymer backbone, and (ii) carrying n‐alkyl or n‐perfluoroalkyl chains randomly along the polymer backbone. The interfacial properties of HM‐PNIPAM, including the formation and the compression/expansion reversibility of the monolayers, at different subphase temperatures were studied by using the Langmuir film balance technique. The stability and dynamic nature of the HM‐PNIPAM monolayers were further studied by the time‐dependent surface pressure measurements. Within the studied temperature range (12–28°C), all polymers formed monolayers on the water surface, with the surface activity of polymers enhanced with increasing subphase temperature. Decreasing the monolayer compression/expansion rate enhanced the hysteresis between the compression and expansion isotherms. All results suggested a compression‐promoted temperature‐ and rate‐dependent conformational rearrangement of the polymer on the water surface. Increasing the level of hydrophobic modifications progressively improved the monolayer compressibility and stability, and reduced the hysteresis. Samples of HM‐PNIPAM bearing fluorocarbon chains formed more stable and compressible monolayers, comparing to their hydrocarbon analogs, and showed a less pronounced hysteresis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of new poly(ethylene) based materials by coordination (co)polymerization of macromonomers with ethylene
Authors: Lahitte J.‐F. , Peruch F. , Isel F. , Lutz P.‐J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present work discusses first the homopolymerization of ω‐allyl, ω‐undecenyl or ω‐vinylbenzyl polystyrene (PS) macromonomers in the presence of selected early or late transition metal catalysts. Homopolymerization degrees were found to depend on the type of catalyst, the terminal double bond, the polymerization temperature and the concentration of the various species. Higher molar masses were reached at low temperatures and low catalyst and cocatalyst concentrations. Best results were obtained with the constrained geometry catalyst (CGC)‐Ti.The same PS macromonomers were copolymerized with ethylene in the presence of the VERSIPOLTM catalyst to design a new type of poly(ethylene) based graft copolymer. The macromonomer weight percent content decreases with increasing ethylene pressure whereas the molar mass of the copolymer increases with ethylene pressure. The PS macromonomer content as well as the molar mass of the copolymer can be still increased by using α,ω‐difunctional PS macromonomers. The dilute solution and solid‐state behavior of these copolymers were examined and compared to those of poly(ethylenes) prepared under the same conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica‐immobilized cumyl dithiobenzoate as mediating agent in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization
Authors: Nguyen Duc Hung , Vana Philipp 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate were performed in bulk at 60°C, using cumyl dithiobenzoate as the mediating RAFT agent that has been immobilized via the stabilizing Z‐group to nanometer‐sized fumed silica particles. Increasing molecular weights with monomer conversion and absence of conventional polymerization activity in the interstitial solution phase were observed when the overall concentration of silica particles was carefully balanced with their respective cumyl dithiobenzoate loading. After completion of the polymerization, potentially sulfur‐free polymers with controlled molecular weights were obtained, initially via collecting the terminated polymeric material from the interstitial solution phase and, secondly, via cleavage of the surface‐confined polymer by a single addition fragmentation chain transfer step, which provides a pathway for recovery of the solid‐supported RAFT agent. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermally reversible materials based on thermosetting systems modified with polymer dispersed liquid crystals for optoelectronic application
Authors: Tercjak A. , Serrano E. , Mondragon I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe main aim of this research was the generation of new intelligent materials, in this case thermoreversible material, based on an epoxy matrix modified with liquid crystal for optoelectronic application. The samples were prepared by the reaction‐induced phase separation (RIPS) of a solution of 4′‐(hexyloxy)‐4‐biphenyl‐carbonitrile (HOBC) and polystyrene (PS) in diglicydylether of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin (DGEBA). The systems were cured with a stoichiometric amount of an aromatic amine hardener, 4,4′‐methylene bis(3‐chloro‐2,6‐diethylaniline) (MCDEA). Taken into account results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission optical microscopy (TOM) equipped with a hot stage it was found that depending on morphology generated by RIPS of HOBC/thermoplastic particles in the epoxy matrix thermally reversible light scattering (TRLS) material can be obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.