bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Diabetes Knowledge, Attitudes, Family Support, Self-efficacy, and Self-management Behaviors Between Cancer Survivors With Diabetes and Diabetes Patients Without Cancer
Authors: Ko Eun Jeong , Lee Su Jung 
Published: April 2024

Background
Studies have compared diabetes management quality indicators, focusing on physiological markers such as hemoglobin A1c, between cancer survivors with diabetes and general diabetes patients. However, research comparing differences in diabetes self-management behaviors and the factors influencing them between these groups is lacking.

Objectives
This study aimed to compare self-management behaviors, guided by the information-motivation-behavior model, between cancer survivors with diabetes and general diabetes patients. In addition, we aimed to identify differences in factors such as diabetes knowledge, attitudes, family support, and self-efficacy that may influence diabetes self-management behaviors in both groups.

Methods
A total of 125 cancer survivors with diabetes and 126 general diabetes patients participated in this cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire assessed demographics, diabetes knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors.

Results
Regarding diabetes education, 47.0% of cancer survivors and 61.6% of general diabetes patients received education. The cancer survivors had lower diabetes knowledge scores (10.30 ± 4.15, P < .001), a lower perceived value of strict blood glucose control (4.10 ± 0.56, P < .001), and less family support (15.50 ± 7.50, P = .019) than the patients without cancer (13.51 ± 3.84, 4.25 ± 0.65, and 17.57 ± 6.40, respectively).

Conclusion
This study reveals significant differences in diabetes self-management between cancer survivors and general diabetes patients. Cancer survivors showed lower diabetes knowledge, glucose control perception, and family support. These findings highlight the need for tailored self-management programs for cancer survivors.

Implications for Practice
This study offers insights for developing tailored diabetes self-management programs and educational interventions for cancer survivors.
Efficacy and Safety of Ginger on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Lin Ching-Yi , Huang Sih-Huan , Tam Ka-Wai , Huang Tsai-Wei , Gautama Made Satya Nugraha 
Published: April 2024

Background
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a prevalent and distressing side effect. Historically, ginger has been explored as a potential remedy for various ailments, including its potential efficacy against CINV.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether taking ginger supplements can relieve CINV.

Method
A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Wanfang database. Randomized controlled trials meeting our inclusion criteria were analyzed. The primary outcomes were the incidence and severity of CINV. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO, and the number is CRD4202232104.

Result
Of the 35 randomized controlled trials analyzed, 22 trials employed ginger capsules as the primary intervention, whereas 13 studies evaluated the prophylactic effects of ginger-partitioned moxibustion. The outcomes indicated that combining ginger capsules with standard antiemetic agents can significantly reduce the incidence of grade 3 acute nausea (Risk Ratio [RR], 0.19; P < .001) and the incidence of high-grade overall vomiting (RR, 0.47; P = .01). Moreover, ginger-partitioned moxibustion can significantly alleviate the incidence of both mild (RR, 0.56; P = .001) and severe (RR, 0.39; P < .00001) vomiting. Only 2.8% of patients experienced dizziness after ginger-partitioned moxibustion.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ginger capsules, when used alongside antiemetic drugs, enhance the management of severe CINV, particularly in highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens.

Implications for Practice
Based on our findings, we recommend initiating ginger supplements before chemotherapy, in conjunction with standard antiemetics, to reduce the severity of CINV. The promising results warrant more rigorous clinical trials to firmly establish the role of ginger in CINV management.
Fear of Cancer and State Anxiety Among Women Undergoing Hysterectomy
Authors: Büyükokudan Şerife , Korukcu Oznur 
Published: April 2024

Background
Fear of cancer may develop after surgery in women who underwent surgery for suspected malignancy in preoperative examinations. It is important from a psychosocial point of view that the fear of cancer and the factors affecting anxiety are determined and necessary interventions are made.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the level of state anxiety, fear of cancer, and influencing factors in women who had hysterectomies with a risk of cancer in the waiting period for the pathology result.

Methods
The research data were collected from 109 women who underwent hysterectomy while waiting for the pathology result on the third or fourth postoperative day. Patients completed the Personal Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I, and Cancer Worry Scale.

Results
Women who underwent hysterectomy with the risk of gynecological cancer had high levels of state anxiety and cancer fear after hysterectomy; type of hysterectomy significantly affected cancer fear (P = .022), and social support (P = .015), type of hysterectomy (P = .024), and family history of cancer (P = .022) significantly affected state anxiety.

Conclusion
The management of these women’s concerns can be improved if healthcare professionals know more about the factors affecting their state anxiety and fear.

Implications for Practice
Health professionals witness patients’ most private experiences and play a key role in providing care and support. This study may be foundational in the planning and implementation of nursing interventions to manage causes of anxiety and fear during this waiting period.
Differential susceptibility of cells infected with defective and intact HIV proviruses to killing by obatoclax and other small molecules
Authors: Kadiyala Gayatri Nikhila , Telwatte Sushama , Wedrychowski Adam , Janssens Julie , Kim Sun Jin , Kim Peggy , Deeks Steven , Wong Joseph K. , Yukl Steven A. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
Some drugs that augment cell-intrinsic defenses or modulate cell death/survival pathways have been reported to selectively kill cells infected with HIV or Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), but comparative studies are lacking. We hypothesized that these drugs may differ in their ability to kill cells infected with intact and defective proviruses.

Design:
To investigate this hypothesis, drugs were tested ex vivo on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from nine antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed individuals.

Methods:
We tested drugs currently in clinical use or human trials, including auranofin (p53 modulator), interferon alpha2A, interferon gamma, acitretin (RIG-I inducer), GS-9620/vesatolimod (TLR7 agonist), nivolumab (PD-1 blocker), obatoclax (Bcl-2 inhibitor), birinapant [inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) inhibitor], bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor), and INK128/sapanisertib [mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR] [c]1/2 inhibitor). After 6 days of treatment, we measured cell counts/viabilities and quantified levels of total, intact, and defective HIV DNA by droplet digital PCR (Intact Proviral DNA Assay).

Results:
Obatoclax reduced intact HIV DNA [median = 27–30% of dimethyl sulfoxide control (DMSO)] but not defective or total HIV DNA. Other drugs showed no statistically significant effects.

Conclusion:
Obatoclax and other Bcl-2 inhibitors deserve further study in combination therapies aimed at reducing the intact HIV reservoir in order to achieve a functional cure and/or reduce HIV-associated immune activation.
Small Bowel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: The Value of CT Enterography in Assessing Pathological Aggressiveness
Authors: Tu Huijuan , Chen Qiqi , Tu Jianchun , Dong Bingqing , Zhu Feng , Wang Shiyu , Dai Yanmiao , Chen Xu 
Published: April 2024

Objective
This study aimed to characterize the computed tomography (CT) enterography features of the small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and to determine the association with pathological aggressiveness.

Methods
Computed tomography enterography images of 30 patients with the histologically confirmed small bowel GIST were retrospectively enrolled. Tumor size, location, border, growth pattern, enhancement pattern, necrosis, calcification, ulceration, internal air, nodal metastasis, liver metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, and draining vein were evaluated. Relationships between imaging features and pathological aggressiveness were analyzed using χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Correlations among CT features were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.

Results
There were significant differences in tumor size between different risk levels (F = 8.388, P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the 5 imaging manifestations of necrosis, ulcer, tumor boundary, drainage vein, and intratumoral gas (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between tumor size and enhancement type as well as clear tumor boundary. There was a significant positive correlation between tumor size and necrosis, ulcer, drainage vein, intratumoral gas, liver metastasis, and peritoneal metastasis.

Conclusions
Some CT enterography imaging features might be useful in the determination of the pathological aggressiveness in the patients with small bowel GIST.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Intrinsic Pancreatic Microbiome
Authors: Eckhoff Austin M. , Fletcher Ashley A. , Kelly Matthew S. , Dohlman Anders , McIntyre Caitlin A. , Shen Xiling , Iyer Matthew K. , Nussbaum Daniel P. , Allen Peter J. 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
We sought to comprehensively profile tissue and cyst fluid in patients with benign, precancerous, and cancerous conditions of the pancreas to characterize the intrinsic pancreatic microbiome.

Summary Background Data:
Small studies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) have suggested that intra-pancreatic microbial dysbiosis may drive malignant transformation.

Methods:
Pancreatic samples were collected at the time of resection from 109 patients. Samples included tumor tissue (control, n=20; IPMN, n=20; PDAC, n=19) and pancreatic cyst fluid (IPMN, n=30; SCA, n=10; MCN, n=10). Assessment of bacterial DNA by quantitative PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed. Downstream analyses determined the relative abundances of individual taxa between groups and compared intergroup diversity. Whole-genome sequencing data from 140 patients with PDAC in the National Cancer Institute’s Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) were analyzed to validate findings.

Results:
Sequencing of pancreatic tissue yielded few microbial reads regardless of diagnosis, and analysis of pancreatic tissue showed no difference in the abundance and composition of bacterial taxa between normal pancreas, IPMN, or PDAC groups. Low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) IPMN were characterized by low bacterial abundances with no difference in tissue composition and a slight increase in Pseudomonas and Sediminibacterium in HGD cyst fluid. Decontamination analysis using the CPTAC database confirmed a low-biomass, low-diversity intrinsic pancreatic microbiome that did not differ by pathology.

Conclusions:
Our analysis of the pancreatic microbiome demonstrated very low intrinsic biomass that is relatively conserved across diverse neoplastic conditions and thus unlikely to drive malignant transformation.
Urinary Incontinence in Primary Care—The Gap Between Recommendations and Real World
Authors: Geynisman-Tan Julia , Cherupally Manisha , Alexandria Shaina J. , Brown Tiffany , Collins Sarah , Mathews Ashley , Pedamallu Havisha , Kenton Kimberly S. , Persell Stephen D. 
Published: April 2024

Importance
Routine screening for urinary incontinence (UI) by primary care providers (PCPs) is recommended.

Objectives
We aimed to describe the rate of incident UI diagnosed at annual PCP visits, the prevalence of UI in a large primary care population, and estimate the rate of screening for UI during primary care preventive and annual wellness visits. Secondary aims were to describe PCP knowledge and behavior as they relate to UI screening and diagnosis.

Study Design
The electronic health record was used to abstract the number of adult female patients seen by PCPs within a regional health system with a diagnosis of UI before our study period and with a new diagnosis over a 2-year period. Additional new diagnoses and screening practices were found on chart review of an additional 824 representative charts. Primary care providers within the health system were surveyed about their screening practices and knowledge about UI.

Results
There were 192,053 women primary care patients seen over 2 years. A total of 5.7% had a UI diagnosis preceding the study period and 3.4% had a UI diagnosis during the study period. A total of 42% of PCPs reported that they screen for UI at least half the time and none were completely satisfied with their ability to screen for UI. Sixteen percent of annual wellness visits had any documentation of screening for UI.

Conclusion
In a large primary care population, screening for and detection of UI in women was low.
Diet Intake After Diet Modification Intervention in Women With Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Muñoz Jaclyn M. , Groskreutz Molly , Compher Charlene , Andy Uduak U. 
Published: April 2024

Importance
Older women with fecal incontinence (FI) who underwent diet modification intervention (DMI) showed significant improvement in FI symptoms. It is unclear whether improvement in symptoms was associated with objective changes in dietary intake quality.

Objectives
The primary aim was to determine if improvement in overall dietary intake quality was associated with improvement in FI symptoms. Our secondary aim was to evaluate whether individual food group consumption changes were associated with changes in FI symptoms.

Study Design
This was an ancillary analysis of a prospective cohort study of women aged 65 years and older with FI who underwent DMI. Seven-day diet-and-bowel diaries at baseline and 6 weeks after DMI were examined for how frequently participants consumed food categories and FI triggers. Adherence to recommended dietary guidelines was assessed between 2 and 4 weeks using a 24-hour diet recall. Baseline and postintervention consumption were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman correlation was used to compare dietary intake changes with FI symptom changes.

Results
Twenty-four women completed the 24-hour diet recalls, and 17 women completed the 7-day diet-and-bowel diaries at baseline and 6 weeks. More participants who were adherent had clinically significant improvement in symptoms compared with those who were not adherent (70% vs 30%, P=0.57). Decreased consumption of saturated fats (P=0.01) and fried foods (P<0.001) was associated with improvement in FI symptoms.

Conclusions
In this small population, overall dietary intake quality was not associated with change in FI symptom improvement. Decreased intake of saturated fat and fried food was associated with FI symptom improvement.
Telehealth in a Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy Clinic: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: ter Haar Charlotte M. , Class Quetzal A. , Kobak William H. , Pandya Lopa K. 
Published: April 2024

Importance
Telehealth offers advantages to patients with pelvic floor disorders because they face unique barriers to care; however, attendance of telehealth appointments is unknown.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the attendance of telehealth appointments in urogynecology patients receiving pelvic floor physical therapy as compared with in-person visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design
We retrospectively collected electronic medical record data from patients engaging in pelvic floor physical therapy from 2019, and pre– and post–COVID-19 in 2020. Information included appointment type, attendance, age, primary diagnoses, insurance status, and zip code. Cohort differences were examined using the χ2 test and analyses of variance.

Results
Our sample included 359 individuals scheduled for in-person visits in 2019, 57 for telehealth visits in 2020, and 283 for in-person visits in 2020. Patients scheduled for telehealth appointments were younger (39 ± 13 years) than patients in 2019 (45 ± 14 years) or 2020 (42 ± 14 years) in-person cohorts (χ2 (2, 696) = 6.8, P < 0.001). Patients attended telehealth appointments at higher rates (73.7%) than in-person visits in 2019 (56.8%) and 2020 (45.6%; χ2 (2, 699) = 26.2, P < 0.001). Attendance did not differ across primary diagnoses. Proximity based on zip code was not associated with attendance.

Conclusions
Pelvic floor physical therapy attendance rates were highest for patients with telehealth visits as compared with in-person visits. Our findings encourage health care providers to continue or begin to offer telehealth visits for pelvic floor physical therapy for the urogynecology patient population.
Detection and significance of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific IgG antibody response for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Chaudhary Pooja , Mohanty Keshar K. , Kumar Santosh , Sikarwar Arun P. , Patil Shripad A 
Published: April 2024

Objective: Evaluation of an ELISA test for detection of IgG antibody response using in-house prepared Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv soluble extract (MTSE) as antigen for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and its clinical usefulness.
Methods: In this study, a total of 758 pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (652 AFB-positive and 106 AFB-negative), 276 healthy controls, and 43 pulmonary infectious disease controls other than TB were recruited. IgG antibody level against MTB soluble extract was measured in sera samples of all study groups using an ELISA test. The level of IgG antibody responses was compared among groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The pairwise comparison was made by the Mann-Whitney test, A positive score was represented by optical density above the cut–off value which was calculated from OD values of healthy controls by adding 2SD to the mean OD value. The evaluation of diagnostic value was considered based on sensitivity and specificity.
Results: Significantly higher levels of IgG antibody response were observed in PTB patients compared to healthy control and non-TB other pulmonary infectious disease control groups (p value<0.0001). The percent positivity for the IgG antibody response was higher in AFB-positive 574/652 (88.04%) and 79/106 (74.53%) AFB-negative PTB patients as compared to healthy control 9/276 (3.26%) and non-TB other pulmonary infectious disease control 3/43 (6.97%). The sensitivity of the test in PTB patients (AFB-positive and AFB-negative) was 86.15% (95% CI; 83.48-88.53), and the specificity was 96.74% (95% CI; 93.90-98.50).
Conclusion: This developed immunological test could be an efficient test in detecting IgG antibody response in PTB patients. Further, this test could be useful for diagnosing AFB-negative presumptive TB cases.
PATHOGENECITY AND ENZYME SCREENING OF SOME SELECTED NON-DERMATOPHYTIC MOLDS
Authors: Nwofor CN , Onyenwe NE , Osuoha CB 
Published: April 2024

A total of 10 non-dermatophytic molds isolated from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle skin which includes Penicillum citrinum, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Aspergillus aculeatus, Curvularia kusanol, Cladosporium teniussmum, Pestalotiopsis microspora, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium linchenicola, Absidia sp. and Aspergillus fumigatuswere subjected to a pathogenicity test using albino mice. These isolates were also screened for five enzymes using standard plate method. Result from pathogenicity test showed that Absidia sp, C. tenuissimum and Aspergillus welwitschiae were able to elicit discoloration, lesion production and alopecia on the albino mice skin respectively which are evidences of clinical symptoms associated of cutaneous mycoses. The enzyme screening results revealed the highest zone of activity for keratinase (65mm), amylase (86mm), protease (60mm), lipase (60mm) and cellulase (86mm) which were observed on P. microspora, A. welwitschiae, C. tenuissimum, A. welwitschiae and A. welwitschiae respectively. Pathogenicity test from this study shows that some of these molds may be virulent and that can be attributed to their ability to possess some virulent factors which includes secretion of hydrolytic enzymes.
The recombination landscape of the barn owl, from families to populations
Authors: Topaloudis Alexandros , Lavanchy Eleonore , Cumer Tristan , Ducrest Anne-Lyse , Simon Celine , Machado Ana Paula , Paposhvili Nika , Roulin Alexandre , Goudet Jerome 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHomologous recombination is a meiotic process that generates diversity along the genome and interacts with all evolutionary forces. Despite its importance, studies of recombination landscapes are lacking due to methodological limitations and a dearth of appropriate data. Linkage mapping based on familial data gives unbiased sex-specific broad-scale estimates of recombination while linkage disequilibrium (LD) based inference based on population data provides finer resolution data albeit depending on the effective population size and acting selective forces. In this study, we use a combination of these two methods, using a dataset of whole genome sequences and elucidate the recombination landscape for the Afro-European barn owl (Tyto alba). Linkage mapping allows us to refine the genome assembly to a chromosome-level quality. We find subtle differences in crossover placement between sexes that leads to differential effective shuffling of alleles. LD based estimates of recombination are concordant with family-based estimates and identify large variation in recombination rates within and among linkage groups. Larger chromosomes show variation in recombination rates while smaller chromosomes have a universally high rate which shapes the diversity landscape. We also identify local recombination hotspots in accordance with other studies in birds lacking thePRDM9gene. However these hotspots show very little evolutionary stability when compared among populations with shallow genetic differentiation. Overall, this comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of recombination dynamics, genomic architecture, and sex-specific variation in the barn owl, contributing valuable insights to the broader field of avian genomics.Article summaryTo study recombination events we look either in family data or in population data, with each method having advantages over the other. In this study we use both approaches to quantify the barn owl recombination landscape. We find that differences exist between sexes, populations and chromosomes.