bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonische Immobilität und die Auslegung der neuen sexualstrafrechtlichen Tatbestände in Art. 189 und 190 StGB
Authors: Schleifer Sven 
Published: April 2024

Anhand von interdisziplinärer Literatur werden Erkenntnisse zum Phänomen der sog. «tonischen Immobilität» (TI) dargestellt, um das diesbezügliche Verständnis in der Praxis zu fördern und die Ausgestaltung der neuen Tatbestände von Art. 189 und 190 StGB kritisch zu analysieren. Dabei wird einerseits aufgezeigt, dass die Formulierung im Gesetz als «Schockzustand» potenziell missverständlich oder gar irreführend ist. Andererseits wird dargelegt, dass die explizite Verankerung dieses Phänomens innerhalb der gewählten Ablehnungslösung als Konkretisierung des Grundtatbestands «gegen den Willen» zu verstehen ist und die Anwendung eines weiten Kommunikationsbegriffs bei der Beurteilung der strafbarkeitsbegründenden Ablehnung von sexuellen Handlungen erfordert. Der Fokus ist dabei jeweils auf den subjektiven Tatbestand zu legen.
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Basé sur la littérature interdisciplinaire, cet article présente le phénomène dit de l'«immobilité tonique» (ou catalepsie) dans le but de comprendre ses implications pratiques et d'analyser de manière critique les nouveaux éléments constitutifs des infractions prévues aux articles 189 CP et 190 CP. Il est ainsi démontré, d'une part, que la formulation «état de sidération» figurant dans la loi est potentiellement ambiguë, voire trompeuse. D'autre part, que l'ancrage explicite de ce phénomène en tant que manifestation du refus doit être compris comme une concrétisation de l'infraction «contre la volonté» (art. 189 al. 1 CP) et nécessite, au moment de l'examen de punissabilité, d'admettre une conception large de la manière de signifier le refus d'actes sexuels. L'accent devant systématiquement être mis sur l'élément subjectif de l'infraction.
Electronarcosis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Effects on Dynamic Physiological Balance and Meat Quality
Authors: Godoy Antonio Cesar , da Silva Deividy Miranda , Bittencourt Fábio , Fantini-Hoag Leticia , Rodrigues Mariana Lins , Rodrigues Rômulo Batista , Weiler Kátia Aparecida , Neu Dacley H. , Pfrime Felipe Walter Dafico , Signor Altevir 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Electronarcosis is the most commonly used stunning method for large animals, but its consequences in tilapia still need to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of electronarcosis in the pre-slaughter stunning of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis ni-loticus) and verify its effects on dynamic physiological balance and meat quality.

background:
Electronarcosis is the method of stunning for animals most used in large animals, but its consequences in tilapia still need to be evaluated

Methods:
Nile tilapia specimens, totaling 184, with an average weight of 247.08 37.04 g, were randomly distributed. Each fish was individually placed in a rectangular tank constituted by a voltage regulator and aluminum electrode. The behavior of the fish subjected to different expo-sure times (5, 10, 20, and 30 seconds) and electric currents (1.50, 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00 amperes) with alternating and continuous currents was evaluated. Subsequently, the quality of the chilled fillets was checked after slaughter over a period of 35 days. The longest stun time was achieved using an alternating current of 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00A for 30 seconds.

Results:
The fillet quality index (FQI) showed a high correlation with the storage time. In the first 15 days of storage, the fish stunned with different alternating currents maintained a higher MQI, meeting the meat quality standard when compared to fish slaughtered by ice stunning. The fish fillets obtained using different electrical currents showed a pH similar to the fish fillets stunned with ice.

Conclusion:
Therefore, electronarcosis can be applied in the slaughter of tilapia using al-ternating current between three and six amps for 30 seconds, with euthanasia time of 37 and 46 seconds, ensuring safety in the slaughter procedures in the industry, the quality of the meat, and the well-being of the animal.
Impacto en la eficiencia energética según el tipo de curva fotométrica en proyectos de iluminación de almacenes
Authors: Chacaliaza Huapaya Luis Aurelio , Bernaza Zavala Ernesto Estuardo , Velazco Fernandez Edwin Rosendo 
Published: April 2024

El trabajo tiene por objetivo demostrar la necesidad de realizar los estudios de iluminación, para un uso eficiente del consumo de energía mediante la elección adecuada de luminarias y su distribución fotométrica, los beneficios que se obtienen como consecuencia de un óptimo estudio de alumbrado. Debido a la optimización en iluminación le da más importancia tener cada vez un mejor radio lumen/W, es importante demostrar que los resultados pueden optimizarse aún más. En el análisis se muestran los resultados de simulaciones realizadas en software con luminarias con lámpara de halogenuro metálico y el equivalente en LED.
Para la iluminación de áreas angostas, lo cual es común en almacenes, se toma como caso de estudio los almacenes con racks y pasillos angostos, el uso del alumbrado en muy importante, teniendo almacenes que pueden llegar a trabajar 24 horas al día y los 07 dias de la semana. La gran mayoría de este tipo de instalaciones mantienen el uso de halogenuro metálico y la propuesta de optimización convencional es el cambio a LED, con el que se llega a tener ahorros significativos de energía. Sin embargo, la industria no ha tomado en cuenta la necesidad de escoger la distribución fotométrica adecuada para el tipo de área a iluminar, se puede utilizar luminarias de la misma tecnología de fuente de luz, pero con distinto tipo de distribución fotométrica y, con un correcto estudio lumínico se consigue un 84% menos de potencia instalada y un 50% menos de luminarias con lámpara de halogenuro metálico comparándola con una instalación con LED, en el estudio se presenta tres tipos de distribución fotométrica, realizando cálculos en software Dialux 4.13 evidenciando como estos resultados impactan en la cantidad de luminarias a utilizar, la potencia instalada y por consecuencia los gastos derivados en instalación, operación y mantenimiento. Esta optimización de recursos trae como consecuencia una menor contaminación por efectos de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero GEI.
Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Incident IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Nakayama Takashin , Kaneko Hidehiro , Okada Akira , Suzuki Yuta , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Takeda Norihiko , Fukui Akira , Yokoo Takashi , Yasunaga Hideo , Nangaku Masaomi , Hayashi Kaori 
Published: April 2024

Key Points

We analyzed a nationwide epidemiologic cohort including approximately 4,000,000 individuals.We found a potential association of inflammatory bowel disease with a greater risk of developing IgA nephropathy.

Background
There have been scarce epidemiologic data on the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and the incidence of IgA nephropathy. In this study, we assessed whether inflammatory bowel disease was associated with a higher risk of developing IgA nephropathy using a large-scale epidemiologic cohort.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 4,311,393 adults enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database (previously known as the Japan Medical Data Center database), a nationwide epidemiologic database in Japan. The definitions of IgA nephropathy and inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease) were based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Individuals who had a history of IgA nephropathy were excluded. Study participants were categorized into two groups according to the presence of inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical outcomes were collected between January 2005 and May 2022. The primary outcome was incident IgA nephropathy.

Results
Median (interquartile range) age was 44 (36–53) years, and 2,497,313 (58%) were men. Inflammatory bowel disease was observed in 18,623 individuals (0.4%). Over a median follow-up of 1089 (532–1797) days, there were 2631 incidences of IgA nephropathy and 22 incidences in individuals without and with inflammatory bowel disease, yielding incident ratios with 95% confidence intervals of 1.74 (1.68–1.81) and 3.43 (2.26–5.21), respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test showed that a cumulative incidence of IgA was higher in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease compared with those without (log-rank P = 0.0028). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease were at higher risk of incident IgA nephropathy (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 2.99).

Conclusions
We demonstrated the potential association of inflammatory bowel disease with higher risk of developing IgA nephropathy in a general population.
Assessment of Selected Physical and Chemical Soil Properties and Organic Carbon Stock, Under Different Land-Uses in Melka Gura Subwatershed of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Dejene , Kebede Alemu , Wogi Lemma 
Published: April 2024

A study conducted in Melka Gura Subwatershed to assess soil properties across three types of land uses plantation forest, grazing land, and cultivated land from 2022 to 2023 found that all land uses had loam soil, except for the plantation forest, which had sandy loam. The mean soil BD in the study area ranged from 1.06 to 1.39 g/cm3. Conversely, plantation forest soil and grazing land had the highest mean AWC (194.8 mm/m) at 0–20 cm depth. The highest mean values of sand, silt, TP, pH, AP, exchangeable basic cations, CEC, SOC, TN, and SOC stock (68.62-ton ha-1) were registered in the soil of plantation forest land. The highest mean values of BD (1.39 g/cm3), clay content (19%), Ex. A, and Ex. Al were recorded in the soil of cultivated land. The average values of clay, BD, FC, PWP, pH, PBS, and exchangeable bases all indicated an increasing trend from the surface toward the subsurface. The highest mean value of SOCS (68.62 tons’ ha-1) was discovered in plantation forest land and the lowest in cultivated land. The differences in soil management practices could be the major reasons for variations in soil properties across land-use types. Further studies are needed on the effects of land-use change on fertility-related soil properties in relation to integrated soil and water conservation practices to reduce further land degradation.
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Adult Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Emegoakor Chukwunonso Ikechukwu , Ahaneku Gladys Ifesinachi , Okechukwu Chukwunonso Uzoma , Nwaneli Uchenna Chibundo , Osuji Charles Ukachukwu 
Published: April 2024

Background; Sickle cell anaemia is the most common monogenic hematologic disorder in Nigeria. Cardiovascular pathology, resulting in electrocardiographic abnormalities are a common finding in adult sickle cell patients.
Objective; This study investigated the pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in steady state adult sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) patients and compared the findings with that of age and sex matched Haemoglobin AA(HbAA) controls.
Methodology; Fifty steady state adult HbSS participants were recruited from the haematology clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital while fifty age and sex matched HbAA controls were recruited from the hospital community. Participants underwent resting 12 lead ECG using a Schiller CARDIOVIT AT-1 ECG machine. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.
Results; The prevalence of ECG abnormalities amongst the adult sickle cell participants and controls was 70% and 10% respectively. ECG abnormalities were more common amongst male sickle cell participants and left ventricle hypertrophy was the most frequent ECG abnormality detected.
Conclusion; There is a high prevalence of ECG abnormalities amongst adult sickle cell anaemia patients. Regular Electrocardiography is recommended for early detection of these abnormalities for early treatment and improved quality of life.
Keywords: Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, Sickle Cell Disease Patients, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Haemoglobin AA
Histopathological changes in the placentas of pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Obut Mehmet , Aşır Fırat , Yılmaz Emine Zeynep , Bolluk Gökhan , Ağaçayak Elif , Akkuş Murat 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Placental damage might be the primary underlying cause of the high rates of fetal adverse outcomes in cases with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Histopathological changes were considered to be associated with GDM in the literature. However, there are also studies showing no changes in the placenta in some gestational diabetic women. The pathophysiology of these placental alterations remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the histopathological changes in the placentas of patients with GDM and compare them with the placentas of the healthy control group.
Material and methods: This experimental non-randomized case-control study was conducted with 40 GDM patients and 40 healthy pregnant women at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between March 2023 and December 2023. Placental tissues obtained following cesarean delivery were subjected to routine tissue processing. Placental samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined histopathologically using a light microscope.
Results: When histopathological findings were compared between the GDM and control groups, villous degeneration, congestion in blood vessels, fibrinoid accumulation, inflammation and intervillous hemorrhage were higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The intricate relationship between GDM and placental pathology underscores the profound impact of metabolic changes on placental structure and function throughout pregnancy. Understanding these pathological changes is crucial for elucidating the progression of GDM and its implications for maternal and fetal health, highlighting the importance of comprehensive placental analysis in managing pregnancies complicated by GDM.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, hematoxylin-eosin staining, histopathological examination
Anticonvulsants in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Jose Sona , Roy Amal , Amala N M , Vidhya C S , George Lincy 
Published: April 2024

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neurological syndrome that arises as a complication of liver dysfunction. The primary focus in HE management has traditionally been on ammonia detoxification, but recent research has paved light on the potential role of anticonvulsant medications in improving the cognitive impairment and preventing seizures associated with HE. This review mainly aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the use of anticonvulsants in hepatic encephalopathy, by taking a looking at their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles.
Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy, Anticonvulsants, Cognitive impairment
Topical Minocycline Induced Bluish Black Hyperpigmentation in Acne Vulgaris Patient: The First Case Report of Topical Application
Authors: Sujaya S N , Ranganath V S , Girish B S , Johns Joel M , Meghana C S 
Published: April 2024

Minocycline induced hyperpigmentation is an aesthetically unsetting adverse drug event. Oral minocycline inducing hyperpigmentation is common course, keeping in line with this topical minocycline 4% was formulated. A moderately built woman diagnosed with acne was prescribed with topical minocycline 4% Gel and after 15 days of application she noticed dark patches on applied areas which progressed into macules. On examination, it was found that the topical minocycline has induced Type I (Bluish Black) Hyperpigmentation. To the best of clinician’s knowledge, the drug was withdrawn and observed over a period of month. Post-withdrawal for 30-days the skin started to regain its original tone. Regardless of the fact that the topical formulation has been designed to reduce the drug contact with the systemic circulation and to decrease the side-effects, will the formulation succeed in providing the effective and safe therapy in acne patients?
Keywords: Topical Minocycline 4%, Hyperpigmentation, Type I, Bluish Black Pigmentation, Acne Vulgaris
Pharmacovigilance: A Necessary Tool for Drug Safety Monitoring Globally
Authors: Mansuri Asra , Zaman Tabrez Uz 
Published: April 2024

Pharmacovigilance, which is like a parasol to define the procedures for monitoring and analysing adverse drug reactions (ADRs), is a crucial part of efficient clinical practise, public health initiatives, and drug control systems. The volume of data processed has increased as a result of the rise in reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and understanding pharmacovigilance requires a high degree of skill in order to quickly identify medication hazards and defend the product against an unwarranted removal. An impartial method of evaluation would strengthen the present global network of pharmacovigilance centres, which is managed by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre. This would take into account contentious and significant medication safety problems that might have a negative impact on public health across international borders. Pharmacovigilance has recently focused mostly on identifying previously unrecognised or poorly understood adverse medication occurrences. Pharmacovigilance is a crucial and essential component of clinical research, and it is now expanding in many nations. However, with the turn of the millennium, pharmacovigilance confronts enormous hurdles in aspect of improving safety and monitoring of medications. Today, several pharmacovigilance centres are engaged for drug safety monitoring in this global arena. In this overview, we'll talk about medication safety, the function of international pharmacovigilance centres, the advantages and drawbacks of pharmacovigilance, and how it may be used in the future by the healthcare industry.
Keywords: Drug safety, Adverse drug reaction, Drug Monitoring, Erice declaration, pharmacovigilance
Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain with Neuropathic Component in a Pain Medicine Clinic in Mexico: Retrospective Study
Authors: Amescua-García César , Guillén-Núñez María del Rocío , Martínez-Alvarado Alfredo , Izquierdo-Moncayo Fernando , Rujana-Galaviz Luis , Hernández-Rodríguez Daniela 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Low back pain is a common problem affecting millions worldwide. Even after surgical treatment some patients do not improve; others suffer from persistent radiculopathy. We define Complex Chronic Low Back Pain (CCLBP) as any low back pain that has lasted for at least three months and has at least two triggering pain mechanisms. Objective: To describe our experience with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in managing CCLBP with a neuropathic component Methods: Quantitative, retrospective analysis from 57 medical records of patients treated with PRP for CCLBP. We used IBM-SPSS 21 to obtain descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Student T and Odds-Ratio. Results: The mean age of our sample was 59.8 (±14.4) years, with 6.51 (±8.7) years of pain and a follow-up of 9 (±12.2) months. 33.3% had lumbar surgery, 29.8% had lumbar trauma, 31.6% used a walking aid, 56.7% had MODIC changes on MRI, and 42% of them received intraosseous-PRP technic. 84.2% reported severe pain (VAS 8-10). The results showed that 96.5% of patients experienced some improvement after PRP treatment. Additionally, 10.5% experienced pain suppression. No significant differences in age, lumbar trauma, lumbar surgery, diseases, or the use of walking aids between patients who benefited from PRP treatment and those who did not. VAS after treatment shows significance (p<0.01) with 5.36±2.6 points. Subjects with less than five years of radicular pain had an improvement greater than 3 points on VAS (OR 7.38, IC95% 1.72-31.7). Conclusion: Autologous platelet-rich plasma injections for chronic low back pain with a neuropathic component are an effective alternative to address CCLBP’s current challenge. New studies with greater statistical power are necessary to make a statement of efficacy, but with the data obtained, it seems a promising option.
Keywords: Platelet-Rich Plasma, Low Back Pain, Radiculopathy, Intraosseous
Formulation Development of Medicated Chewing Gum by Direct Compression utilizing the SeDeM Diagram Expert System
Authors: Karade Preeti Gajendra , Jadhav (Mali) Sonal , Shah Rohit Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this study was to prepare and characterize the MCG of Ondan HCl which helps to improve the effectivity of the drug and to investigate the applicability of the SeDeM system for the formulation of MCG. The Ondan HCl was formulated into directly compressed MCG utilizing the SeDeM Diagram Expert System. The MCG was optimized using 32 factorial design. Performance evaluation was carried out by evaluating different parameters. Statistical analysis showed that micromeritic properties were improved after inclusion of appropriate excipient in optimum amount. In-vitro drug release study showed 90.01% drug release whereas ex vivo buccal permeation study exhibited significant drug permeation within 15 min indicating its potential for increasing bioavailability. It was concluded that various characteristics of powder material at pre formulation level can be successfully predicted by SeDeM diagram expert system. The developed medicated chewing gum is more effective than mouth dissolving and conventional tablet formulation.
Keywords: Ondansetron HCl; Medicated chewing gum; direct compression; SeDeM diagram expert system.