bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watch your words! How Language Influences Moral Judgment, Dehumanisation and Prosociality Toward Refugees
Authors: Sankaran Sindhuja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this study, the influence of language on moral judgment, dehumanisation, and prosociality toward refugees was investigated. Specifically, the effects of specific word choices in media discourse on moral mechanisms (moral trait evaluations and empathy) and, subsequently, dehumanisation and prosocial behaviour toward refugees in the UK were examined. In three empirical studies, news headlines were manipulated to vary terms describing refugees (e.g., "refugee crisis" vs. "situation of refugees," "illegal migrants" vs. "displaced migrants"). The responses of participants in terms of moral trait evaluations, empathy, dehumanisation, and prosocial behaviours were measured. It was revealed by the findings that more humanising language positively influences moral trait evaluations and empathy, leading to decreased dehumanisation and increased prosociality towards refugees. Significant implications for media representation, public discourse, and policy formulation regarding refugees are suggested by the study. The demonstrated impact of language on social attitudes suggests a shift towards more empathetic and humanizing language, which could facilitate more informed and compassionate public understanding and policy-making for refugees. This is seen as crucial for enhancing integration and reducing discrimination against displaced individuals.
Social Prescribing is a bit of a well-kept Secret that’s not meant to be a Secret: Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Social Prescribing for Families with Young Children
Authors: Davis Paige , Reason Matthew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Social prescription (SP) is a community based non-medical intervention that is widely viewed as a viable public health initiative which will save healthcare workers time and money. Classically these interventions focus on loneliness in the elderly, however another transitional stage of the lifespan associated with loneliness is new parenthood. This study is based on an evaluation of the first SP creative play programme for families with 0-3-year-olds. It was identified that a gap in knowledge exists around stakeholders’ understanding and views for this type of SP. A range of 12 different stakeholders, from general practitioners to members of parliament, with different power dynamics and roles were recruited and took part in a seven-question semi-structured interview. The interview addressed relationships between stakeholders, how they feel families might value or stigmatize SP intervention and their thoughts and experiences with SP. The interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive interpretive thematic analysis. There were three main themes that came from the transcripts; 1) A New Offer: Getting it Right the First Time, 2) Barriers to Socially Prescribed Family Intervention and 3) Social Prescription for Complex Families. Results are discussed in terms of the roll out of SP for families and what this means for stakeholders, quality control for the interventions and helping stakeholders have a better understanding of this age group’s needs.
Molecular Epidemiology, Seasonal variation and Phylogenetic analysis of human Plasmodium infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 2022-2023
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ilyas , Anjum Syed Ishtiaq , Akbar Noor ul , Qureshi Naveeda Akhtar , Fatima Huma , Khan Barkat Ullah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Malaria remains a serious health problem in Pakistan and 60% of the Pakistani population lives in malaria-endemic regions. This study was undertaken in 10 major districts hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the malarial infection pattern. The baseline information about the recent epidemiology, age, seasonal variation, gender-wise species distribution using negative binomial regression analysis and phylogenetic analysis of Plasmodium circulating in the study area was included in the objective.
Methods
Using microscopy total 13363 malaria suspected cases were enrolled. Among the participants, 1004 individuals tested positive via microscopy. The positive cases were subjected to nested PCR to amplify the gene of the 18S rRNA of Plasmodium species. Following successful amplification, the gene sequences were obtained and submitted to the Gene Bank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7.
Results
A total of 539 cases were recruited from Southern KP with the highest occurrence in Bannu (26.15%) and the lowest in Lakki Marwat (13.72%). From Northern KP 465 cases were enlisted, Peshawar (30.96%) shows the maximum occurrence and lowest from Buner (7.52%). The annual blood examination rate, annual parasite incidence, and slide positivity rate were 0.08%, 0.04% per 1000 population, and 7.52% respectively. The Plasmodium vivax (78.38%), P. falciparum (17.23%), and mixed infection (4.38%) were diagnosed from both zones of KP through microscopy. The PCR analysis confirmed a consistent trend in species identification, with Plasmodium vivax showing a higher percentage than P. falciparum, followed by mixed infections. However, the incidence of malaria was observed to be higher in Southern KP (6.74%), compared to 5.84% in Northern KP. The overall percentage of malaria occurrence in all recruited districts of KP was 6.29%. The males among genders and age group of 1–15 were more affected by malaria. Seasonal analysis revealed that malaria reached its peak during the summer.
Conclusion
Malaria incidence exhibited a higher prevalence in Southern KP particularly during the summer season. The males and age group of 1–15 were more affected by malaria. In both zones of KP, Plasmodium infections are largely attributed to P. vivax.
A Survey and Analysis of Recent IoT Device Vulnerabilities
Authors: Ryan Megan Kay , Rozier Kristin Yvonne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The cyber threat landscape is constantly shifting, especially in the evolutionary area of the Internet of Things, which makes it vital to survey the vulnerabilities that are presently being discovered and attacked, so that we can better combat those threats in the future. By collecting and profiling all of the IoT vulnerabilities reported on by the cybersecurity news site Threatpost between January 2020 and June 2021, we provide a cross-section of the current security issues found in today's IoT devices. Our detailed analysis of this dataset yields a many-faceted understanding of the threat landscape during this period, including CWEs (Common Weakness Enumeration), CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) scores, timelines, vulnerability locations, programming languages, and other attack story attributes, delivering a solid foundation for future IoT security efforts. Our findings are that while the majority of recent IoT device vulnerabilities occur in the software layer and arise from common IT weaknesses, there is a great need for a shared database of IoT vulnerabilities for continuous evaluation of the state of IoT security.
Analysis of the Immunological Response Elicited by a Polyvalent Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine and Its Compatibility with a Diva Test in Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Hailehizeb , Ejigu Eyoel , Woldegiorgis Dese 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The research was conducted in Jimma town, Oromiya Regional State, from October 2022 to June 2023, with the aim of assessing the immune response of polyvalent FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease) vaccine. The study involved 34 cattle in a longitudinal study, divided into two groups: 29 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated. The vaccinated cattle received an inactivated polyvalent FMD virus vaccine produced by the National Veterinary Institute. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 21, 35, 80, and 125 after vaccination and tested using Virus Neutralization Test and 3ABC ELISA. The results showed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies against structural proteins in all vaccinated cattle on day 14 after vaccination for all three serotypes. (A/ETH/21/2000, p = 0.015; O/ETH/38/2005, p = 0.017; SAT2/ETH/64/2009, p = 0.007). On day, fourteen of post-vaccination vaccinated group showed immune response equal or above 1.5 log10 in a proportion of 69%, 73% and 94% for serotype A/ETH/21/2000, O/ETH/38/2005 and SAT2/ETH/64/2009 respectively. The status of raised antibody titer on day 125 post-vaccination showed decreasing by 14%, 18% and 4% for serotype A/ETH/21/2000, O/ETH/38/2005 and SAT2/ETH/64/2009 respectively. The DIVA test, or 3ABC ELISA, used to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals, revealed the absence of immune response to the Non-structural protein in the vaccinated cattle group. Conversely, the unvaccinated group showed no recorded antibody titer to both structural and non-structural proteins. In summary, the commercially available Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine, comprising serotype A, O, and SAT2, triggers an immune response to the structural protein rather than the non-structural protein after the initial administration. This outcome implies that FMD vaccines from the National Veterinary Institute align with the DIVA test. Nevertheless, additional efforts may be necessary to bolster the strength and duration of the vaccine-induced immune response.
Investigating the neuroprotective mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum in glaucoma treatment through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis
Authors: Wu Yanxia , Yin Shuo , Song Shanshan , Deng Yuxuan , Lu Xuejing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum(GL), a medicinal fungus belonging to the polyporaceae family, has been extensively utilized in the treatment of glaucoma. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of GL in glaucoma therapy, network pharmacology methods were employed for screening its active compounds, potential targets, and associated signaling pathways. Molecular docking techniques were also applied to validate the binding affinities between key compounds and potential target proteins. The research findings unveiled that 120 compounds from GL and 796 target proteins are implicated in glaucoma treatment. PPI network analysis identified AKT1, TNF, IL6, TP53, SRC, EGFR, STAT3, CASP3, and BCL2 as pivotal targets. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment screening yielded 190 signaling pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrated favorable binding capabilities between two potential key compounds in GL - Ganoderic acid B and Ganoderic acid A - with crucial targets such as AKT1,TNF,IL6,CASP3,and BCL2. The present study is pioneering in applying network pharmacology methods to unravel plausible mechanisms by which GL may exert its therapeutic effects on glaucoma. The outcomes suggest that active components of GL can act through multiple pathways on various targets to achieve neuroprotection for optic nerves affected by glaucoma. This provides a scientific basis for its clinical application.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of challenges in vaccine communication and training needs: A qualitative study
Authors: Holford Dawn , Anderson Emma C. , Biswas Aishmita , Garrison Amanda , Fisher Harriet , Brosset Emeline , Gould Virginia C. , Verger Pierre , Lewandowsky Stephan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) can play an important role in encouraging patients and their caregivers to be vaccinated. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate HCPs’ perspectives on challenges in vaccine communication and unmet training needs in this domain.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 HCPs (mainly nurses and physicians) with vaccination roles (23 in England; 18 in France), gathering information on: (1) HCPs’ approach to vaccine conversations with patients; (2) Challenges of communicating about vaccines; (3) Vaccine-related training and learning resources available to HCPs, and ; (4) HCPs’ training needs around vaccine communication.
Results: HCPs described a range of communication experiences that indicated insufficient time, information, and skills to confidently navigate difficult conversations with vaccine-hesitant patients. Communication skills were especially important to avoid conflict that could potentially damage the patient-provider relationship. Some HCPs interviewed had received communication training, but for most, this training was not specific to vaccination. Although general communication skills were transferable to vaccine conversations, most HCPs welcomed specific training and informational resources to support countering patients’ misconceptions or misinformation about vaccines.
Conclusions: HCPs would benefit from training tailored to address vaccine communication with patients, and this should be part of a systemic approach that also provides time and space to have effective vaccine conversations.
Solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) is associated with cell proliferation, migration and immune cell infiltration in colon cancer
Authors: Yu Chengqing , Li Haoran , Zhang Chen , Tang Yuchen , Huang Yujie , Lu Haodong , Jin Kanghui , Zhou Jian , Yang Jian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 4 (SLC4A4) is a membrane protein-coding gene for a Na+/HCO3− cotransporter and plays a crucial role in regulating pH, bicarbonate secretion and homeostasis. However, the prognostic and immunological role of SLC4A4 in colon cancer remains unknown.
Method
In this study, expression profiles of SLC4A4 were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, to which a variety of bioinformatic analyses were performed. Sangerbox, Xiantao, ESTIMATE and TIMER online tools were used to delve into the relationship between SLC4A4 expression and immune cell infiltration. The role of SLC4A4 in the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells was verified by CCK8, EdU and wound healing assays. The related molecules and pathways that SLC4A4 may affect were validated by bioinformatic prediction and western blotting analysis.
Results
The expression levels of SLC4A4 were significantly lower in colon cancer tissues than in normal tissues and its low expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. TIMER and ESTIMATE showed that SLC4A4 broadly influenced immune cell infiltration. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that SLC4A4 inhibited partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes.
Conclusions
To conclude, our study revealed that SLC4A4 is lowly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and SLC4A4 may inhibit the progression of colon cancer via regulating partial EMT phenotypes and immune cell infiltration, which may provide new perspectives for the development of more precise and personalized immune anti-tumor therapies.
Erector Spinae Plane Block for Pain Management in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Xie QingYun , Lu Heng , Zhao Xin , Yang Jie , Ye Wei , Lei Zehua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy. One hundred seventy-two patients were retrospectively examined and compared: 90 who received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with ESPB and 82 who received PCA alone. Propensity score matching was performed to balance covariates between the groups. Matching resulted in 25 matched pairs. Visual analog scale pain scores at rest and with movement at 12 and 24 hours were significantly lower in the PCA with ESPB group. This group also had a significantly lower rate of rescue analgesia use, significantly shorter time to mobilization out of bed, significantly shorter length of hospital stay, and a significantly higher rate of patient satisfaction. ESPB is an effective adjunct analgesia for laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy providing better pain control and recovery compared with intravenous analgesia alone. Use of ESPB as an adjuvant to PCA in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy was safe and effective. PCA with ESPB was more effective at alleviating postoperative pain than PCA alone.
Gynecologic cancer survivor preferences for provider communication regarding sexual health after treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: Girard Abby , Arenella Katherine , Rider G. Nic , Teoh Deanna , Vogel Rachel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Survivorship from gynecologic cancers is becoming increasingly prevalent. There are significant sexual side effects that influence quality of life that would be reduced with proper intervention, however, existing literature highlights the lack of understanding of the sexual health needs within this population. Furthermore, multiple studies show that one contributing factor to sexual wellbeing in survivorship is provider-patient communication. The aim of this study is to explore experiences of sexual distress, and survivor experiences of sexual health communication.
Methods
Adult participants who had been out of active treatment for 3 months were recruited to participate in focus groups. Six focus groups (n = 32) were conducted with survivors of gynecologic cancers via Zoom. Research team members analyzed content using thematic analysis.
Results
Two broad themes were identified: Experiences of provider communication and Preferences for provider communication, with subthemes nested under both. Subthemes from the ‘Experiences’ theme included absent/lacking communication, negative experiences, emotional reaction to lack of communication, and feeling like sexuality was not valued. Subthemes from the ‘Preferences’ theme included more conversation and open communication about sexuality, more resources/referrals, and more provider training on sexuality.
Conclusion
Survivor experiences of subjective sexual health are often dependent on the type and quality of information they receive from their healthcare team during treatment. Unfortunately, the majority of participants endorsed negative or absent communication related to their sexual health needs, leading to additional distress.
The effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition in Syrian children aged 0-6 years living in Turkey: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Değer Vasfiye Bayram , çifci sema , Ertem Melikşah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of malnutrition in Syrian immigrant children living in Turkey.
Methods
The study was carried out in the city of Mardin, which is one of the cities with a high Syrian immigrant population in Turkey. Height, body weight and BMI values were recorded to determine the malnutrition status of the children. Z-scores of children were calculated using the malnutrition assessment WHOAntro program.
Results
The data show that 30.5% of Syrian children between the ages of 0 and 6 months are male, making up 55.8% of the total, and that 55.3% do not follow a regular breakfast schedule. The percentages of body weight for height, height for age, and BMI for age of Syrian children with a score between − 2 and + 2 SD Number were (89.3%), (74.3%), and (79.3%), respectively. Girls are more likely than boys to experience stunting and low body weight in the context of Syrian children (Stunting OR: 0.855(0.761–1.403), Underweight OR: 0.705(0.609-1,208)). Additionally, there is a link between levels of stunting and underweight and elements like the mother's educational level and the family's income. Contrary to the situation of adequate nutrition, it was discovered that the likelihood of stunting and low body weight in children increased by 0.809 and 1.039 times, respectively, when access to an adequate food supply was not available within the family (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
s According to the results of the study, gender, family income, mother's education level and access to food affected the severity of malnutrition in children.
Marker assisted transfer of S5 gene to develop universal restorer with wide-compatibility for genetic diversification and realization of inter-subspecific heterosis by overcoming indica x japonica hybrid sterility in rice
Authors: Sakthivel Kannabiran , Revathi S , Manonmani Swaminathan , Umadevi Manivannan , Sivaji Mathivanan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A major phenomenon hindering development of inter-subspecific rice hybrids is the ‘hybrid sterility’ observed in indica x japonica (IJ) crosses. We had successfully transferred wide compatibility gene S5 in to an elite restorer background for the first time through marker-aided back cross breeding (MABB), and developed wide compatible restorers (WCR) that are genetically diversifiable with japonica for use with indica CMS lines to realize inter-subspecific heterosis. WCR lines also improved the fertility of IJ hybrids by overcoming incompatibility compared to control hybrids. These lines exhibited agronomic superiority over original restorer in terms of earliness, longer panicle, more number of filled grain and single plant yield. MABB for major fertility restoring genes Rf3 and Rf4, background genotyping with genome-wide SSR markers and stringent phenotyping resulted in superior recipient genome recovery. Thus, the present study opened up the development of a new class of ‘wide compatible restorer’ (WCR) with universal application in hybrid rice breeding such as genetic diversification with japonica, restorers with broad genetic base, use of diversified restorers with well adapted indica gene pool towards development of IJ hybrids with preferred grain qualities and high yield. The implications of the results for inter-subspecific hybrid development are discussed.
Subsurface Fe (II) affects concentrations of dissolved O2 in streamwater
Authors: Suarez Silvia Parra , Wild Romy , Gilfedder Benjamin S. , Geist Juergen , Barth Johannes A.C. , Frei Sven , Peiffer Stefan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The interface between groundwater and surface water is a critical zone influencing ecohydrological and biogeochemical cycles within surface water ecosystems. It is characterized by complex redox gradients, with groundwater-mediated inflow of reduced substances affecting the oxygen budget of stream water. In this study, we have experimentally simulated the inflow of Fe(II)-rich groundwater into the open stream water of a flume system to quantify its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration in the stream water and the hyporheic zone. Our results indicate that Fe(II) inflow substantially decreased DO concentrations in both the pore and open waters. Oxygen uptake rates increased from 7.4 up to 8.6 g O2 m-2 d-1 at a mean flow rate and from 1.7 to 1.9 g O2 m-2 d-1 at a low flow rate. This accounts for a contribution of Fe(II) input to the overall uptake rate of between 21 and 17%, respectively. Treatment with FeCl2 led to a substantial increase in DOC (> 60 mg L-1) suggesting a linkage between Fe(II) mobilization and the occurrence of DOC. This study highlights the need to consider the effects of hyporheic and riparian redox processes and subsequent inflow of Fe(II) into streams on the oxygen budget of stream ecosystems.