bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness-dependent electronic relaxation dynamics in solution-phase redox-exfoliated MoS2 heterostructures
Authors: Jeffries William R. , Jawaid Ali M. , Vaia Richard A. , Knappenberger Kenneth L. 
Published: April 2024

Electronic relaxation dynamics of solution-phase redox-exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer and multilayer ensembles are described. MoS2 was exfoliated using polyoxometalate (POM) reductants. This process yields a colloidal heterostructure consisting of MoS2 2D sheet multilayers with surface-bound POM complexes. Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, transient bleaching and photoinduced absorption signals were detected at excitation/detection energies of 1.82/1.87 and 1.82/1.80 eV, respectively. Approximate 100-fs bandgap renormalization (BGR) and subsequent defect- and phonon-mediated relaxation on the picosecond timescale were resolved for several MoS2 thicknesses spanning from 1 to 2 L to ∼20 L. BGR rates were independent of sample thickness and slightly slower than observations for chemical vapor deposition-grown MoS2 monolayers. However, defect-mediated relaxation accelerated ∼10-fold with increased sample thicknesses. The relaxation rates increased from 0.33 ± 0.05 to 1.2 ± 0.1 and 3.1 ± 0.4 ps−1 for 1–2 L, 3–4 L, and 20 L fractions. The thicknesses-dependent relaxation rates for POM-MoS2 heterostructures were modeled using a saturating exponential function that showed saturation at thirteen MoS2 layers. The results suggest that the increased POM surface coverage leads to larger defect density in the POM-MoS2 heterostructure. These are the first descriptions of the influence of sample thickness on electronic relaxation rates in solution-phase redox-exfoliated POM-MoS2 heterostructures. Outcomes of this work are expected to impact the development of solution-phase exfoliation of 2D metal-chalcogenide heterostructures.
A step-by-step guide to ageing octopus
Authors: Durante Erica D. , Hosking Louise , Hall Karina , Doubleday Zoë A. 
Published: April 2024

Global octopus catch has doubled over the past four decades and is likely to grow in importance as many key fisheries continue to decline. Lack of age data is a critical limitation in assessing the resource status of octopus. Over the past ~30 years, studies have investigated various methods to age octopus, with some methods better suited to certain species than others. However, only a small number of researchers have the hands-on knowledge to execute these methods in the laboratory. Here, we present the first step-by-step guide to ageing octopus, as well as a decision tool, which should enable readers to carry out the ageing process and make an informed decision on the most suitable method for their species. We provide guidance on age validation, increment analysis of both beaks and stylets, materials needed, as well as avenues for further research. We hope this guide will provide a starting point for researchers new to octopus ageing, and for those working with octopus species that have never been aged before. We also encourage researchers to use this guide as a forum for open discussion to support the ongoing development of effective octopus ageing methods.
Does a Bell inequality violation imply irrealism?
Authors: Silva Paulo H B , Costa Ana C S , Angelo Renato M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Seminal for the raising of the quantum information age and quintessential for a deep understanding of nature, Bell inequality violations are known for having provided a profound disruption to classical models of the physical world. Yet, their meaning is still debatable nowadays. An important point under dispute in this context concerns the relevance of realism. While some believe that a Bell inequality violation implies the manifestation of nonlocal aspects, others defend that it is the notion of realism that should be abandoned. The purpose of the present work is to shed some light on the matter by employing a formal definition of (ir)realism. Our strategy consists of (i) rephrasing Bell’s assumption of local causality in terms of more primitive hypotheses and (ii) assessing where the fundamental difficulties emerge when using the quantum formalism. We analyze the question posed in the title using two distinct approaches and assert that a positive answer is justifiable. Nevertheless, even in this scenario, it becomes evident that violations of locality cannot be avoided. As a byproduct of our approach, the connections of (ir)realism with both quantum steering and entanglement are also discussed.
Electrical and dielectric behaviors of Al/SiO2-surfactant/n-Si schottky structure in wide range of voltage and frequency
Authors: Efkere Halil İbrahim , Barkhordari Ali , Marmiroli Benedetta , Sartori Barbara , Özçelik Süleyman , Pirgholi-Givi G , Altındal Şemsettin , Azizian-Kalandaragh Yashar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
SiO2 surfactant insulator into Al/n-Si metal-semiconductor (MS) structure was fabricated into Al/SiO2-surfactant/n-Si metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure and its effect on the electrical properties of the final structure was investigated. The SiO2-surfactant layer is coated on the n-Si wafer by the spin coating technique. The I-V data is used to calculate the fundamental electrical parameters of this MIS structure. The density distribution of the surface states (Nss) is computed depending on the energy at forward potential. The current conduction mechanisms (CCMs) in the MIS structure are examined at the reverse and forward biases applied. To get more accurate and reliable results, the profiles of I-V and C/(G/ω)-V are measured at a wide range of bias voltage (0.25V-4V) and frequency (1kHz-1MHz), respectively. The performance of the MIS is significant due to the basic values of electrical parameters (n, I0, Rs, Rsh, Nss, ΦB0, and Rectifying Ration (RR)) and dielectric parameters (ε′, ε″, tan δ, M′, M″, Rs, and σ) compared with the MS structure. The other electrical parameters (ND, WD, Em, ΦΒ) are extracted from the slope and intercept of the reverse bias C−2-V plot as a function of frequency. Furthermore, the profile of voltage-dependent Rs and Nss was determined using different methods from I-V and C/G-V data and examined comparatively with each other. The changes in impedance properties with frequency and voltage of the MIS are discussed in detail.
Observations of orbiting hot spots around naked singularities
Authors: Chen Yiqian , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that photons can traverse naked singularities
in the Janis-Newman-Winicour and Born-Infeld spacetimes when these
singularities are appropriately regularized. In this paper, we investigate
observational signatures of hot spots orbiting these naked singularities,
with a focus on discerning them from black holes. In contrast to Schwarzschild
black holes, we unveil the presence of multiple additional image tracks
within critical curves in time integrated images capturing a complete
orbit of hot spots. Moreover, these new images manifest as a more
pronounced second-highest peak in temporal magnitudes when observed
at low inclinations.
Axion cloud decay due to the axion-photon conversion with multi-pole background magnetic fields
Authors: Sakurai Yusuke , Yoo Chul-Moon , Naruko Atsushi , Yamauchi Daisuke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider axion cloud decay due to the axion-photon conversion with multi-pole
background magnetic fields. We focus on the ℓ = m = 1 and n = 2 mode for the axion field
configuration since it has the largest growth rate associated with superradiant instability.
Under the existence of a background multi-pole magnetic field, the axion field can be converted
into the electromagnetic field through the axion-photon coupling. Then the decay rate due to the
dissipation of the converted photons is calculated in a successive approximation. We found that
the decay rate is significantly dependent on the azimuthal quantum number characterizing the
background magnetic field, and can be comparable to or larger than the growth rate of the
superradiant instability.
The H
0 trouble: confronting non-thermal dark matter and phantom cosmology with the CMB, BAO, and Type Ia supernovae data
Authors: da Costa Simony Santos , da Silva Dêivid R. , de Jesus Álvaro S. , Pinto-Neto Nelson , Queiroz Farinaldo S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We have witnessed different values of the Hubble constant being found in the literature in the past years. Albeit, early measurements often result in an H
0 much smaller than those from late-time ones, producing a statistically significant discrepancy, and giving rise to the so-called Hubble tension. The trouble with the Hubble constant is often treated as a cosmological problem. However, the Hubble constant can be a laboratory to probe cosmology and particle physics models. In our work, we will investigate if the possibility of explaining the H
0 trouble using non-thermal dark matter production aided by phantom-like cosmology is consistent with the Cosmic Background Radiation (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data. We performed a full Monte Carlo simulation using CMB and BAO datasets keeping the cosmological parameters Ω
bh
2, Ω
ch
2, 100θ, τopt
, and w as priors and concluded that a non-thermal dark matter production aided by phantom-like cosmology yields at most H
0 = 70.5 km s-1 Mpc-1 which is consistent with some late-time measurements. However, if H
0 > 72 km s-1 Mpc-1 as many late-time observations indicate, an alternative solution to the Hubble trouble is needed. Lastly, we limited the fraction of relativistic dark matter at the matter-radiation equality to be at most 1%.
Braneworld black holes with ModMax electrodynamics on the brane
Authors: Siahaan Haryanto M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate ModMax electrodynamics localized within the Randall–Sundrum II and Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati branes, deriving corresponding 3-brane spacetime solutions that conform to the effective Einstein equations in each specific scenario. We construct solutions for charged black holes within the effective Einstein equation framework in both braneworld scenarios. The examination explores the trajectories of charged objects in this spacetime, underscoring the significance of the nonlinear parameter. Our analysis uncovers the fact that, similar to the prior ModMax black hole investigation, the nonlinear parameter plays a pivotal role in suppressing the effective charge of the black hole, due to its definite positive value.
Direct nanosecond laser metallization of AlN ceramics
Authors: Sviridova A A , Shchekin A S , Petrovskiy V N , Ivanov A A , Berdnikova M M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a study of the influence of laser processing parameters with pulsed nanosecond laser radiation on the degree of metallization and the quality of the metallized surface of aluminum nitride ceramics is presented. Experiments were carried out to create conductive structures with the lowest resistance using direct laser metallization. The dependences of resistance on duration, pulse overlap, and laser fluence were obtained and analyzed, and changes in surface roughness were considered. In addition, the composition of the surface of laser-metallized ceramics was studied using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. As a result, it was shown that the resistance is inversely proportional to the square root of the pulse duration, the thermal diffusion length was estimated as lT
= 8.2 μm for 200 ns and lT
= 1.2 μm for 4 ns, and the presence of optimal values of pulse overlap Oy (scanning direction) equal to 50% and pulse overlap Ox (step direction) equal to 96% and 99.7% for pulse durations of 200 and 4 ns, respectively, was determined. The choice of optimal pulse overlaps with the highest laser fluence allowed us to obtain the minimum resistance value with maximum performance.
Novel semi-quantum private comparison protocol with Bell states
Authors: Gong Li-Hua , Li Mao-Long , Cao Hao , Wang Bing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on Bell states, a new semi-quantum private comparison protocol is proposed that enables two classical users to securely compare the equality of their private information with the aid of a semi-honest third party. Different from the existing semi-quantum private comparison protocols, the two classical participants in the presented protocol do not need to measure and prepare any quantum state, which not only reduces the consumption of quantum devices, but also greatly improves the feasibility of the protocol. Performing different unitary operations on the received particles, classical users can securely compare their secret information. Besides, the devised protocol has higher qubit efficiency than the other similar counterparts, since participants can compare a two-bit privacy each time with one qubit. Meanwhile, after completing the comparison process, all Bell states could be reused since they still retain the corresponding entanglement property, which greatly facilitates the recycle of quantum resources. Security analyses indicate that the designed scheme is secure against external attack and internal attack. Moreover, the operations involved in our scheme are simulated on the IBM Quantum Experience to demonstrate the effectiveness and security of our scheme.
Biological material spider silk by direct incorporation onto fiber ferrule for wavelength tunable Q-switched application
Authors: Muhammad N A M , Awang N A , Basri H , Zalkepali N U H H , Supaat M I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel structure saturable absorber (SSA) based on spider silk for wavelength tunable Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operation from S to L bands. The nonlinear optical absorption of spider silk was measured, showing a high modulation depth of 64.92%, a low saturation intensity of 0.03 MW cm−2, and a non-saturable loss of 24%. By adjusting the polarization controller, a wavelength tunable Q-switched EDFL was achieved, with a tuning range of 64 nm from 1522 nm to 1586 nm. The Q-switched pulses had a repetition rate varying from 20.62 kHz to 6.57 kHz and a pulse width ranging from 14.02 μs to 26.30 μs, corresponding to an output power from −11.31 dBm to −9.02 dBm at the maximum pump power of 151.40 mW. The proposed SSA using spider silk offers a low-cost, eco-friendly, and high-performance solution for wide wavelength tunable Q-switched EDFL applications in optical testing, fiber communication, optical fiber sensing, and ultrafast lasers.
A Catalog of 13CO Clumps from the MWISP in l = 10°–20°
Authors: Luo Xiaoyu , Zheng Sheng , Jiang Zhibo , Chen Zhiwei , Huang Yao , Zeng Shuguang , Zeng Xiangyun , Zhang Rui , Long Chen , Zhou Guangrong , Hu Jinbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present a catalog of molecular clumps extracted from 13CO (J = 1 − 0) emission data of the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) project. The data covers the inner Milky Way within the longitude range 10° ≤ l ≤ 20° and the latitude strip of ∣b∣ ≤ 5.°25. The workflow for the extraction of clumps, namely Facet-SS-3D-Clump, consists of two parts: the identification of clump candidates and their verification. First, Facet-SS-3D-Clump employs FacetClumps to identify clump candidates. Subsequently, high-confidence clumps are obtained by cross-matching with the clumps detected by other algorithms, such as dendrogram. Second, these high-confidence clumps are used as prior knowledge to train a semi-supervised deep clustering approach, SS-3D-Clump, which is applied to verify clump candidates detected by FacetClumps, providing confidence levels for the molecular clumps. Finally, the catalog comprising 18,757 molecular clumps was obtained using Facet-SS-3D-Clump, and the catalog is 90% complete above 37 K km s−1. We observe a significant deviation of the mean Galactic latitude for clumps within ∣b∣ ≤ 2° from the midplane, with b = − 0.°110. We found that 82.3% of the dust clumps correspond to 13CO clumps by matching with Herschel infrared dust clumps. In the future, Facet-SS-3D-Clump will be applied to detect 13CO clumps in the entire MWISP data.
Cluster Analysis of the Roma-BZCAT Blazars
Authors: Kudryavtsev Dmitry O. , Sotnikova Yulia V. , Stolyarov Vladislav A. , Mufakharov Timur V. , Vlasyuk Valery V. , Khabibullina Margarita L. , Mikhailov Alexander G. , Cherepkova Yulia V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on the collected multiwavelength data, namely in the radio (NVSS, FIRST, RATAN-600), IR (WISE), optical (Pan-STARRS), UV (GALEX), and X-ray (ROSAT, Swift-XRT) ranges, we have performed a cluster analysis for the blazars of the Roma-BZCAT catalog. Using two machine learning methods, namely a combination of PCA with k-means clustering and Kohonen’s self-organizing maps (SOMs), we have constructed an independent classification of the blazars (five classes) and compared the classes with the known Roma-BZCAT classification (FSRQs, BL Lacs, galaxy-dominated BL Lacs, and blazars of an uncertain type) as well as with the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazars from the 3HSP catalog and blazars from the TeVCat catalog. The obtained groups demonstrate concordance with the BL Lac/FSRQ classification along with a continuous character of the change in the properties. The group of HSP blazars stands out against the overall distribution. We examine the characteristics of the five groups and demonstrate distinctions in their spectral energy distribution shapes. The effectiveness of the clustering technique for objective analysis of multiparametric arrays of experimental data is demonstrated.
Study on smoke movement for a fire in a metro depot throat area with different side wall heights
Authors: Du Tian Mei , Li Yan Feng , Liu Hui Qiang , Su Zhi He 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The throat area is an important part of the metro traffic that connects the metro depot and the mainline tunnel. The throat area of 37500 m2 was conducted to investigate smoke movement. The influence of side wall height on smoke movement was considered by combining the theoretical analysis with numerical results. Six sidewall heights including 0 m, 3 m, 5 m, 7.5 m, 9 m, 10 m were designed. The sidewall would have a little impact on free diffusion of smoke when the height of the side wall is lower than 7.5 m. Smoke movement may be affected by the adjacent wall, forming the phenomenon of smoke accumulation when the side height is 7.5 m. It should be considered to expand the openness of the side wall or add mechanical auxiliary smoke exhaust equipment in a local position. This work may provide an engineering reference value for fire smoke control in the throat area of the metro depot.
Seepage and Deformation Analysis of Tailing Dam regarding the Upper Reservoir of Tiantai Pumped Storage Station
Authors: Cheng Yongjin , Wang Can , Chu Weijiang , Luo Shujing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper has studied on the seepage and deformation analysis of a tailing dam in the upper reservoir of the Tiantai Pumped Storage Station. The analysis of seepage and deformation is crucial for evaluating the stability and safety of the dam and its impact on the surrounding environment. The study uses numerical simulation software (Phase2 and FLAC3D) to analyse the behaviour of the dam under different drainage conditions and construction phase. The results indicate that two drainage schemes in different filling stages are effective. In the same cross-section of the rock and soil basement, the flow rate of the no dumped and dumped slope is 0.0315 L/s and 0.0319 L/s respectively. The filling of the tailing dam has no predominant impact on the internal deformation magnitude of the auxiliary dam, but it changes the direction of the slope deformation from being squeezed out towards the lower slope to being towards the near-vertical direction, achieving a stable slope. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the drainage function of the anti-filter layer and the deep interceptive drainage ditch and strengthen the monitoring of slope deformation during the construction phase.
Stress and deformation characteristics of ultra-long bored pile in deep soft soil area
Authors: Qiu Zhicheng , Zhang Yaping , Liu Yiyang , Xue Dongdong , Zhou Shangyou , Yan Tianjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In view of the diverse geological conditions in China, ultra-long bored pile can effectively enhance the bearing capacity and stability of foundation. Due to the special geological condition in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, there are a large number of soft soil areas. Taking an elevated bridge in Xiongan-Daxing track construction project as an example, this paper uses finite difference method to study pile-soil interaction and failure mode of pile. With the increase of load, plastic failure occurs first at the top of the pile and then at the bottom of the pile. At the same time, the curve of the plastic failure zone of the soil layer presents a process of “gentle - rapid - gentle - steep rise”. When the load reaches a certain critical value, the plastic zone area changes abruptly. As the load increases, the funnel-like characteristics of the maximum and minimum principal stresses diminish, resulting in minimal stress difference throughout the soil layer.
Vibration Measurement of High-Speed Railway Bridges Based on GB-MIMO Interferometric Radar
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Gao Jiake , Li Wenyu , Wang Jian , Wang Siqi , Jiang Zihang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As a novel type of ground-based interferometric radar, ground-based multiple-input multiple-output (GB-MIMO) interferometric radar utilizes multiple transmitting and receiving antennas to compose a specific structure and acquire a large synthetic aperture. Using electronic beam scanning instead of common mechanical scanning, GB-MIMO interferometric radar can achieve two-dimensional high-resolution imaging with image acquisition frequency at tens of Hertz, and has the ability to perform bridge health monitoring through vibration measurement. This study introduces the basic principle of the MIMO technique and the first Chinese made GB-MIMO interferometric radar. Experiments taken on a corner reflector and a high-speed railway bridge are respectively utilized to verify the vibration measurement ability of this novel type of GB-MIMO interferometric radar
Characterization of thin carbonated LGADs after irradiation up to 2.5· 1015 n1 Mev eq./cm2
Authors: Mulargia R. , Arcidiacono R. , Borghi G. , Boscardin M. , Cartiglia N. , Centis Vignalis M. , Costa M. , Croci T. , Ferrero M. , Ficorella F. , Fondacci A. , Giordanengo S. , Hammad Ali O. , Hanna C. , Lanteri L. , Menzio L. , Monaco V. , Morozzi A. , Moscatelli F. , Passeri D. , Pastrone N. , Paternoster G. , Siviero F. , White R.S. , Sola V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
EXFLU1 is a new batch of radiation-resistant silicon sensors manufactured at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK, Italy).
The EXFLU1 sensors utilize thin substrates that remain operable even after extensive irradiation. They incorporate Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, enabling internal multiplication of charge carriers to boost the small signal produced by a particle crossing their thin active thicknesses, ranging from 15 to 45 μ m.
To address current challenges related to acceptor removal, the EXFLU1 production incorporates improved defect engineering techniques. This includes the so called carbonated LGADs, where carbon doping is implanted alongside boron in the gain layer. This contribution focuses on evaluating the performances of thin sensors with carbonated gain layer from the EXFLU1 production, before and after irradiation up to 2.5· 1015 n1 Mev eq./cm2.
The conducted tests involve static and transient characterizations, including I-V and C-V measurements, as well as laser and β-source tests.
This work aims to present the state of the art in LGAD sensor technology with a carbonated gain layer and shows the characterization of the most radiation-resistant LGAD sensors produced to date.