bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptographic Parameters Enhancement Using Pulsar Orbital Optimization
Authors: Hwaitat Ahmad K. Al , fakhouri hussam , Tahoun Samir M. Abu , ishtaiwi abdelraouf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In ophthalmic diagnostics, achieving precise segmentation of retinal blood vessels is a critical yet challenging task, primarily due to the complex nature of retinal images. The intricacies of these images often hinder the accuracy and efficiency of segmentation processes. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the Cognitive DL Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation (CoDLRBVS), a novel hybrid model that synergistically combines the deep learning capabilities of the U-Net Architecture with a suite of advanced image processing techniques. This model uniquely integrates a preprocessing phase using a Matched Filter (MF) for feature enhancement and a post-processing phase employing Morphological Techniques (MT) for refining the segmentation output. Also, the model incorporates Multi-Scale Line Detection and Scale Space methods to enhance its segmentation capabilities. Hence, CoDLRBVS leverages the strengths of these combined approaches within the cognitive computing framework, endowing the system with human-like adaptability and reasoning. This strategic integration enables the model to emphasize blood vessels, accurately segment effectively, and proficiently detect vessels of varying sizes. CoDLRBVS achieves a notable mean accuracy of 96.7%, precision of 96.9%, sensitivity of 99.3%, and specificity of 80.4% across all of the studied datasets, including DRIVE, STARE, HRF, Retinal Blood Vessel and Chase-DB1. CoDLRBVS has been compared with different models, and the resulting metrics surpass the compared models and establish a new benchmark in retinal vessel segmentation. The success of CoDLRBVS underscores its significant potential in advancing medical image processing, particularly in the realm of retinal blood vessel segmentation.
‘Not taking medications and taking medication, it was the same thing:’ Perspectives of antiretroviral therapy among people hospitalised with advanced HIV disease
Authors: Loveday Marian , Hlangu Sindisiwe , Manickchund Pariva , Govender Thiloshini , Furin Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite HIV's evolution to a chronic disease, the burden of advanced HIV disease (AHD) remains high among PLHIV on ART, due in part to treatment interruptions. TB is the most common cause of hospital admission and death in PLHIV. As little is known about the experiences of patients hospitalised with AHD, this study sought to discern patterns and forces driving hospitalisation with AHD which could inform strategies to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study with patients hospitalised with AHD who had a history of poor adherence. Thematic analysis based in grounded theory was used in conjunction with the Patient Health Engagement model to analyse interview transcripts.
Results
20 individuals participated in the research process. The most distinct pattern to emerge was the repeated periods of engagement versus disengagement with HIV services. This was driven by physical well-being, together with a denial of HIV and a lack of understanding of the insidious nature of HIV progression in the absence of signs and symptoms. Life circumstances or competing life priorities were another force which drove disengagement from the health services. Health system factors which contributed to disengagement or delayed re-engagement included the inflexibility of HIV services, together with the unhelpfulness and rudeness of clinic staff.
Conclusions
Current practices fail to address the challenges to lifelong ART. A bold strategy to involve people living with advanced HIV as active members of the health care team (i.e. ‘PLHIV as Partners’), could contribute to ensuring health care decisions are compatible with their lives and reduce periods of disengagement from HIV services.
Quantum Hall effect in a CVD-grown oxide
Authors: Zheliuk Oleksandr , Kreminska Yuliia , Fu Qundong , Pizzirani Davide , Ammerlaan Andrew , Wang Ying , Hameed Sardar , Wan Puhua , Peng Xiaoli , Wiedmann Steffen , Liu Zheng , Ye Jianting , Zeitler Uli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) are promising for investigating correlated quantum phenomena. In particular, 2D oxides provide a platform that can host various quantum phases such as quantized Hall effect, superconductivity, or magnetism. The realization of such quantum phases in 2D oxides heavily relies on dedicated heterostructure growths. Here we show the integer quantum Hall effect achieved in chemical vapor deposition grown Bi2O2Se - a representative member of a more accessible oxide family. A single or few sub-band 2DES can be prepared in thin films of Bi2O2Se, where the film thickness acts as the sole design parameter and the sub-band occupation is determined by the electric field effect. This new oxide platform exhibits characteristic advantages in structural flexibility due to its layered nature, making it suitable for scalable growth. The unique small mass distinguishes Bi2O2Se from other high-mobility oxides, providing a new platform for exploring quantum Hall physics in 2D oxides.
The antipsychotic agent sulpiride microinjected into the ventral pallidum restores positive symptom-like habituation disturbance in MAM-E17 schizophrenia model rats
Authors: Péczely László , Dusa Daniella , Lénárd László , Ollmann Tamás , Kertes Erika , Gálosi Rita , Berta Beáta , Szabó Ádám , László Kristóf , Zagoracz Olga , Karádi Zoltán , Kállai Veronika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The malfunction of subcortical D2-like dopamine receptors (D2Rs) can lead to positive symptoms of schizophrenia and the analogue increased locomotor activity in schizophrenia model MAM-E17 rats. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a limbic structure containing D2Rs. The D2R antagonist sulpiride is a widespread antipsychotic drug, which can alleviate positive symptoms in human patients. However, it is still not known how sulpiride can influence positive symptoms via the VP D2Rs.
We hypothesize that the sulpiride microinjected into the VP can normalize hyperactivity of MAM-E17 rats. In addition, recently, we have shown that the sulpirid microinjected into the VP induces place preference in neurotypical rats. Thus, we aim to test whether intra-VP sulpiride can have a rewarding effect in MAM-E17 rats as well.
Therefore, open field-based conditioned place preference (CPP) test was applied in neurotypical and MAM-E17 schizophrenia model rats to test their locomotor activity and the potential locomotor-reducing and rewarding effect of sulpiride. Sulpiride was microinjected bilaterally in three different doses into the VP, controls received only vehicle.
Results of present experiments demonstrate that the increased locomotor activity of the MAM-E17 rats is in fact caused by habituation disturbance. Accordingly, larger doses of sulpiride in the VP reduce the positive symptom-analogue habituation disturbance of the MAM-E17 animals. Furthermore, we show that the largest dose of sulpiride administered into the VP induces CPP in neurotypical, but not in MAM-E17 animals.
These findings reveal that the VP D2Rs play an important role in the formation of the positive symptom-like habituation disturbance of MAM-E17 rats.
Feline cardiomyopathy-driven thrombogenesis: imaging and computational fluid dynamics for the study of left atrial morphology and haemodynamics
Authors: Pons Maria Isabel , Olivares Andy L. , Mill Jordi , Matos Jose Novo , Garcia-Canadilla Patricia , Cerrada Inma , Guy Anna , Morales Xabier , Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Simcock Ian C. , Arthurs Owen J. , Cook Andrew C. , Fuentes Virginia Luis , Camara Oscar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The intricate relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF), blood flow disturbances, and thrombus emergence is well-established in humans. Thrombi primarily form in the left atrial appendage (LAA), but the specific role of LAA morphology in this process remains unclear. Felines, despite rarely experiencing AF, present a valuable model for studying human heart diseases. Cats exhibit a high incidence of cardiomyopathies, often accompanied by significant left atrial dilation and thrombus formation. This unique aspect prompts research into LAA morphology and function in thrombus development. Our study, using advanced image processing and fluid simulations on 24 cat hearts ranging from normal to cardiomyopathic subjects, aims to discern distinctions in left atrium (LA) and LAA morphologies, blood flow patterns, and their relation to thrombus formation. Significantly different variables in distinguishing groups include heart weight, LAA volume, LA volume, ostium area, ostium area-to-heart weight ratio, centreline length, and velocity at the ostium. Fluid simulations revealed lower LAA blood flow velocities and increased thrombotic risk in cases with thrombi. This study enhances our understanding of LAA structure and function, offering insights into thrombus formation mechanisms with potential implications for managing thrombosis risk in patients.
Removal of benzo[a]pyrene by a highly degradable microbial community immobilized by modified wheat straw biochar
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Meng Rong , Geng Meihui , Zhou Jiahui , Pu Yuewu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Benzo[a]pyrene, a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a prevalent organic pollutant. In this study, a microbial community with high efficiency of BaP degradation was enriched in oil-contaminated soil, and the microbial community was immobilized using modified wheat straw biochar. The highest removal efficiency of 5–20 mg/L BaP was 75.18% in 12 days. Through 16SrRNA sequencing, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus were found to be the dominant bacteria in the community. Additionally, metagenomic annotation revealed the gene function and metabolic pathway of the microbial community during BaP degradation.
Enhanced Security Hash Function Leveraging Chaotic Coupling Coefficient in Cross-Coupled Map Lattice
Authors: Li Yuxuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The recent surge in interest within the scientific community towards spatiotemporal chaos underscores its potential for bolstering secure communications and cryptographic mechanisms. This research presents a cutting-edge methodology to amplify the spatiotemporal chaos exhibited by conventional cross-coupled image lattices through the adoption of chaotic coupling coefficients. By innovatively adjusting the structure of these lattices to incorporate chaotic coupling coefficients, we markedly enhance their chaotic dynamics across temporal and spatial dimensions. This advancement facilitates the creation of a secure hash function characterized by substantial security enhancements. Rigorous experimental validation attests to the security, highlighting the chaotic coupling coefficients' pivotal role in augmenting the hash function's defenses against various attacks. This investigation not only introduces a revolutionary alteration to the framework of cross-coupled image lattices but also unveils a pragmatic secure hash function application, demonstrating the significant potential of chaotic systems in the sphere of cryptography. Our findings suggest that integrating chaotic coupling coefficients into cross-coupled image lattices represents a fertile ground for crafting sophisticated cryptographic instruments, thereby paving new pathways in the realm of secure digital communications.
Probabilistic hazard assessment for pyroclastic density currents at Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador
Authors: Aravena Alvaro , Tadini Alessandro , Bevilacqua Andrea , Samaniego Pablo , Bernard Benjamin , Hidalgo Silvana , Pennec Jean-Luc Le , Martínez Pablo , García Johnny , Roche Olivier 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We assess the volcanic hazard derived from pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) at Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador, using a probabilistic approach based on the analysis of calibrated numerical simulations. We address the expected variability of explosive eruptions at Tungurahua volcano by adopting a scenario-based strategy, where we consider three cases: small magnitude violent Strombolian to Vulcanian eruption (VEI 2), intermediate magnitude sub-Plinian eruption (VEI 3), and large magnitude sub-Plinian to Plinian eruption (VEI 4–5). PDCs are modeled using the branching energy cone model and the branching box model, considering reproducible calibration procedures based on the geological record of Tungurahua volcano. The use of different calibration procedures and reference PDC deposits allows us to define uncertainty ranges for the inundation probability of each scenario. Numerical results indicate that PDCs at Tungurahua volcano propagate preferentially toward W and NW, where a series of catchment ravines can be recognized. Two additional valleys of channelization are observed in the N and NE flanks of the volcano, which may affect the city of Baños. The mean inundation probability calculated for Baños is small (6 ± 3%) for PDCs similar to those emplaced during the VEI 2 eruptions of July 2006, February 2008, May 2010, July 2013, February 2014 and February 2016, and on the order of 13 ± 4% for a PDC similar to that produced during the sub-Plinian phase of the August 2006 eruption (VEI 3). The highest energy scenario (VEI 4–5), for which we present and implement a novel calibration procedure based on a few control points, produces inundation areas that nearly always include inhabited centers such as Baños, Puela and Cotaló, among others. This calibration method is well suited for eruptive scenarios that lack detailed field information, and could be replicated for poorly-known active volcanoes around the world.
Protocol for combined N-of-1 trials to assess cerebellar neurostimulation for movement disorders in children and young adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Luciano Marta San , Oehrn Carina R , Wang Sarah S , Tolmie John S , Wiltshire Allisun , Graff Rebecca E , Zhu Jennifer , Starr Philip A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Movement and tone disorders in children and young adults with cerebral palsy are a great source of disability. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of basal ganglia targets has a major role in the treatment of isolated dystonias, but its efficacy in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) is lower, due to structural basal ganglia and thalamic damage and lack of improvement of comorbid choreoathetosis and spasticity. The cerebellum is an attractive target for DBS in DCP since it is frequently spared from hypoxic ischemic damage, it has a significant role in dystonia network models, and small studies have shown promise of dentate stimulation in improving CP-related movement and tone disorders.
Methods: Ten children and young adults with DCP and disabling movement disorders with or without spasticity will undergo bilateral DBS in the dorsal dentate nucleus, with the most distal contact ending in the superior cerebellar peduncle. We will implant Medtronic Percept, a bidirectional neurostimulator that can sense and store brain activity and deliver DBS therapy. The efficacy of cerebellar DBS in improving quality of life and motor outcomes will be tested by a series of N-of-1 clinical trials. Each N-of-1 trial will consist of three blocks, each consisting of one month of effective stimulation and one month of sham stimulation in a random order with weekly motor and quality of life scales as primary and secondary outcomes. In addition, we will characterize abnormal patterns of cerebellar oscillatory activity measured by local field potentials from the intracranial electrodes related to clinical assessments and wearable monitors. Pre- and 12-month postoperative volumetric structural and functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging will be used to identify candidate imaging markers of baseline disease severity and response to DBS.
Discussion: Our goal is to test a cerebellar neuromodulation therapy that produces meaningful changes in function and well-being for people with CP, obtain a mechanistic understanding of the underlying brain network disorder, and identify physiological and imaging-based predictors of outcomes useful in planning further studies.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06122675, first registered November 7, 2023.
Dual pathway inhibition with faricimab for previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema: Guidance from a UK panel of retina specialists
Authors: Downey Louise , Sivaprasad Sobha , Chhabra Ramandeep , Bailey Clare , Chakrabarti Soma , Elsherbiny Samer , patel Jignesh , Silvestri Giuliana , Watson Sarah-Lucie , Williams Gwyn , Parker Antony , Khokhar Saima , Lotery Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background/objectives Some eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and centre-involving diabetic macular oedema (DMO) fail to respond sufficiently or lose response over time to standard of care intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. This paper explores clinical scenarios for switching to dual action angiopoietin-2/VEGF-A inhibitor faricimab (Vabysmo, Roche Products Limited) in previously anti-VEGF-treated patients.
Methods A national steering group meeting of UK retina specialists was held in London on 27 October 2023. Clinician practice and experience were reviewed together with pivotal clinical trial data and early findings from real-world settings. Roche Products Limited facilitated and funded the meeting.
Results While there is no standardised protocol for identifying suboptimal response, the authors review relevant clinical biomarkers of disease activity used in routine clinical practice to determine patient response and guide treatment decisions. Common reasons identified for considering a change of treatment were lack of efficacy demonstrated by suboptimal anatomic or visual improvement and insufficient durability of response. The panel outline strategies for switching to faricimab among eligible patients with a prior anti-VEGF treatment history, with initial monthly loading doses or maintaining the previous treatment interval before attempting to extend, that may be integrated into current treat-and-extend clinical pathways for treating patients with nAMD and DMO. General considerations for switching between treatments are also reviewed.
Conclusion Clinicians may consider a treatment switch to faricimab in nAMD and DMO patients who have suboptimal disease control or insufficient durability of response on initial anti-VEGF therapy.
Strategies for Fidelity Monitoring a Solution-Focused Brief Intervention in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cooper Zach , Johnson Leslie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Integrated Care (IC) models that include behavioral health providers to enhance patient care have increased, but the current mechanisms to analyze the efficacy and fidelity of behavioral interventions within IC models are limited.
Method:A mixed methods concurrent process evaluation was utilized within the context of a randomized clinical trial to assess intervention fidelity for a Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) intervention implemented within an IC model. Data was collected through 1) participant surveys, 2) self-report surveys with the interventionist, and 3) data from patient charts. Descriptive statistics in addition to repeated measures ANOVA were utilized to acquire quantitative data. Qualitative data was acquired through content analyses and data triangulation was used to present findings.
Results: The average SFBT intervention was 24.6 minutes with a range of 15-30 minutes. Of the 34 participants in the intervention group, 33 completed all 3 SFBT sessions. The majority of visits were weekly follow-ups (53.9%), followed by biweekly follow-ups (28.2%), and the remaining 3-week follow-ups (5.1%). The interventionist utilized session templates, and a self-report checklist to monitor intervention integrity. A SFBT scale was utilized to analyze the uptake of SFBT skills and there was a significant difference between those in the SFBT group and the treatment-as-usual group (F [1, 64] = 22.7, p<.001): mean difference, 15.1 [95% CI, 11.2- 18.9].
Conclusion: Our study examined fidelity efficiently and comprehensively and provides a foundation for studies interested in fidelity monitoring of SFBT interventions as well as behavioral interventions within IC models.
Trial Registration: The study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05838222 on 01/05/2023.
Lung Quantitative Ultrasound to Stage and Monitor Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Dashti Azadeh , Roshankhah Roshan , Lye Theresa , Blackwell John , Montgomery Stephanie , Egan Thomas , Mamou Jonathan , Muller Marie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) require frequent point-of-care monitoring. X-ray-based methods lack resolution and are ionizing. Chest computerized tomographic (CT) scans are expensive and provide more radiation. Conventional ultrasound can detect severe lung damage via vertical artifacts (B-lines). However, this information is not quantitative, and the appearance of B-lines is operator- and system-dependent. Here we demonstrate novel ultrasound-based biomarkers to assess severity of ILDs. Lung alveoli scatter ultrasound waves, leading to a complex acoustic signature, which is affected by changes in alveolar density due to ILDs. We exploit ultrasound scattering in the lung and combine Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) parameters, to develop ultrasound-based biomarkers that significantly correlate to the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and edema in rodent lungs. These innovative QUS biomarkers will be very significant for monitoring severity of chronic ILDs and response to treatment, especially in this new era of miniaturized and highly portable ultrasound devices.