bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochronology, sediment provenance, and fossil emplacement at Sumidouro Cave, a classic late Pleistocene/early Holocene Paleoanthropological site in eastern Brazil
Authors: Piló Luís B. , Auler Augusto S. , Neves Walter A. , Wang Xianfeng , Cheng Hai , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPeter Wilhelm Lund's (1845a) heavily debated suggestion of a contemporaneity between Paleo‐Indians and extinct Pleistocene fauna at Sumidouro Cave was re‐examined through detailed sedimentological and geochronological analyses of sediment and both human and faunal remains. Sources of the cave's sediment include both entrances as well as ceiling fissures. Non‐human fossils, on the other hand, were probably carried by floodwater through the once more‐spacious swallet entrance. Seasonal flooding reworked and mixed these two highly asynchronous assemblages. U‐series and radiocarbon ages indicate that there are at least two distinct episodes of sediment input in the cave, at ˜240,000 yr B.P. and ˜8000 yr B.P. Human remains represent a later emplacement event, probably at ˜8400 cal yr B.P. Although the human remains are of considerable age, the cave's complex stratigraphy, flooding dynamics, and extensive removal of the cave's filling during earlier excavations do not allow the determination of an unequivocal co‐existence between Paleo‐Indians and extinct megafauna at the site. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tracking neolithic interactions in southeast China: Evidence from stone adze geochemistry
Authors: Guo Zhengfu , Jiao Tianlong , Rolett Barry V. , Liu Jiaqi , Fan Xuechun , Lin Gongwu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe authors conducted a sourcing study of stone adzes recently excavated from the Damaoshan site on Dongshan Island, Fujian province, China. They used XRF, ICP‐MS, and petrographic thin‐section techniques for geochemical and petrographic analysis of six stone adzes from the site and three geological samples from Dongshan Island. The chemical data of these samples compared with other lavas in Fujian, Zhejiang, Penghu, and Taiwan suggest that the Damaoshan people imported stone raw materials either from the Penghu Archipelago in the Taiwan Strait or from the Niutoushan area on the Fujian coast. This indicates that exchange networks along the southeast coast of China, and possibly spanning the Taiwan Strait, had developed as early as 4300–5000 yr B. P. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rethinking the fourth of July Valley site: A study in glacial and periglacial geoarchaeology
Authors: Benedict James B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe Fourth of July Valley site (5BL120) occupies the crest and inner slope of a Satanta Peak (latest Pleistocene) terminal moraine above timberline in the Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range. Excavations in 1971 suggested that a Late Paleo‐Indian lithic tradition marked by lanceolate and stemmed projectile points with parallel‐oblique flaking persisted at high altitude during the Altithermal, long after its disappearance from drought‐susceptible lowlands. Analysis of a sediment column collected in 2001 casts doubt on this interpretation. Large charred sclerotia (the resting stages of mycorrhizal fungi) show that tree islands colonized the moraine soon after deglaciation, fueling Early and Middle Holocene wildfires. Conditions became increasingly periglacial ca. 3340 yr B.P., when a lobate rock glacier advanced to the south margin of the site, altering snow‐accumulation patterns, eliminating trees, supplying meltwater that fueled ice‐lens formation, and initiating deposition of humus‐rich, snowbed loess. Large waste flakes and artifacts were frost‐sorted to the existing ground surface, where they became mixed with 6240‐year‐old wildfire charcoal in a pseudo‐occupation layer. Microflakes were too small to participate in vertical frost sorting, so remained in their original stratigraphic locations. The association of thermally altered microflakes with 8920‐year‐old charcoal in a deeply buried stratigraphic context suggests that the site was occupied during the Early Holocene and is irrelevant to the Altithermal refugium hypothesis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short contribution: Applying micromorphological terminology to ceramic petrography
Authors: Josephs Richard L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMicromorphological terminology used to describe soil/sediment thin sections is equally useful in the description of ceramic thin sections. The primary focus of soil micromorphology and ceramic petrography is the examination of modified geologic materials composed of sand‐, silt‐, and clay‐size particles. Protocols for describing soil or sediment in thin section are well established; however, no such guidelines exist for ceramic petrography. The author discusses how the descriptive terminology developed for soil micromorphology can be effectively used to describe thin sections prepared from archaeological ceramics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diverse microglial responses after intrahippocampal administration of lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Herber Donna L. , Maloney Jessica L. , Roth Lisa M. , Freeman Melissa J. , Morgan Dave , Gordon Marcia N. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractInflammation has been argued to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by contributing to the development of neuropathology and clinical symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain obscure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates the innate immune response and triggers gliosis when injected into the central nervous system. In the studies described in the present work, we evaluated the time course of microgliosis after a single intrahippocampal injection of LPS. Mice were injected bilaterally with 4 μg of LPS. Post‐injection survival times were 1, 6, and 24 h, as well as 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Protein and RNA analyses were performed for inflammatory markers. Significant elevations of cluster differentiation marker CD45, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), scavenger receptor A (SRA), and Fcγ receptor mRNA were seen after 24 h. Immunohistochemistry revealed a complex pattern of protein expression by microglia, as well as changes in cell morphologies. RNA and protein for Fcγ receptor and SRA were transiently elevated, peaked at 3 days, and returned to basal levels after 1 week. In contrast, microglia remained significantly activated through the 28‐day time point, as determined by CD45 and complement receptor 3 levels. These findings indicate a multivariate response to LPS, and evaluation of microglial phenotypes may lead to a better understanding of neuroinflammatory diseases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation and characterization of brain lipid‐binding protein promoter‐based transgenic mouse models for the study of radial glia
Authors: Schmid Ralf S. , Yokota Yukako , Anton E. S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRadial glia play an essential role in the generation of the cerebral cortex through their function as neuronal precursors and as neuronal migration guides. A molecular marker for radial glia in the developing central nervous system is the brain lipid‐binding protein (BLBP). To generate mouse models for the visualization and study of radial glia, we expressed EGFP, EYFP, or dsRed2 in transgenic mice under the control of the BLBP promoter. In these transgenic lines, fluorescent protein expression is restricted to radial glia in the embryonic cortex and to astrocytes in the adult brain. Electroporation of the transgenes into embryonic cortex also resulted in radial glia‐specific transgene expression. These BLBP promoter driven transgenic mice and organotypic brain slices expressing different fluorescent markers in a radial glia‐specific manner will be useful tools to further study the differentiation and function of radial glia in distinct regions of the developing CNS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epo protects SOD2‐deficient mouse astrocytes from damage by oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Jing , Narasimhan Purnima , Song Yun Seon , Nishi Tatsuro , Yu Fengshan , Lee Yong‐Sun , Chan Pak H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractErythropoietin (Epo) expression, which regulates erythropoiesis, has been shown in rat and mouse brain after hypoxia. A previous study from our laboratory showed that astrocytes from manganese‐superoxide dismutase (SOD2) homozygous knockout (SOD2−/−) mice can survive under 5% O2, but not under normal aerobic conditions. However, the mechanism involved is not clear. Our preliminary study using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction showed increased Epo mRNA expression in astrocytes cultured with 5% hypoxia compared with astrocytes under normal conditions. After administration of anti‐sense Epo, protection decreased with time. Dose‐dependent administration of Epo to SOD2−/− mouse astrocytes improved their survivability under normal conditions. Survivability of heterozygous SOD2−/+ mutant and wild‐type mouse astrocyte cultures was the same under normal conditions but, after administration of 2 mM of paraquat, a reactive oxygen species generator, survivability of the SOD2−/+ astrocytes decreased remarkably compared with the wild‐type cells. Epo administration 24 h before exposure to paraquat significantly improved the survivability of the SOD2−/+ astrocytes. Western blot studies suggest that Jak‐Stat signal transduction pathways are involved in this process. Our study demonstrates an important role for Epo in the protection of astrocytes from reactive oxygen species. We suggest that Epo can compensate in part for the antioxidant properties of mitochondrial SOD2 deficiency. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane currents elicited by angiotensin II in astrocytes from the rat corpus callosum
Authors: Montiel‐Herrera Marcelino , Miledi Ricardo , García‐Colunga Jesús 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe corpus callosum (CC) is the main white matter tract in the brain. It consists primarily of axons and glial cells. In the present work, membrane currents generated by angiotensin II (Ang II) in cultured astrocytes from the CC of newborn and 3‐week‐old rats were studied using the whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique. After 4 days of culture, ∼90% of cells were positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating their astrocyte lineage. Ang II elicited inward currents in ∼20% of cells and outward currents in ∼4% of cells from the CC for newborn or 3‐week‐old rats. The main effect of Ang II on astrocytes from the newborn rat CC was a reduction of membrane conductance, by blocking of delayed rectifier K+currents in 96% of cells. However, no common action of Ang II was observed in cells from 3‐week‐old rat CC because the responses were quite variable, suggesting the participation of other ion currents. The partial agonist of AT2receptors, CGP‐42112A, exerted effects on Ang II responses, whereas the AT1antagonist ZD7155 did not, suggesting that Ang II responses in CC astrocytes are predominantly mediated by activation of AT2receptors. This study is the first to show electrical responses generated by AT2receptors in glial cells from the rat central nervous system, and may help gain a better understanding of the functions of Ang II receptors in astrocytes from the rat CC in particular and of glial cells in general. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sulfatide is essential for the maintenance of CNS myelin and axon structure
Authors: Marcus J. , Honigbaum S. , Shroff S. , Honke K. , Rosenbluth J. , Dupree J.L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGalactocerebroside (GalC) and sulfatide are abundant myelin lipids. In mice incapable of synthesizing these lipids, myelin is thin and regionally unstable and exhibits several subtle structural abnormalities. Although galactolipid‐null mice have been beneficial in the analysis of galactolipid function, it has not been possible to differentiate between the functions of GalC and sulfatide with these mice alone. In the present work, we have analyzed a murine model that forms normal levels of GalC but is incapable of synthesizing sulfatide. By comparing a plethora of morphological features between the galactolipid‐null and the sulfatide‐null mice, we have begun to differentiate between the specific functions of these closely related lipids. The most striking difference between these two mutants is the reduction of myelin developmental abnormalities (e.g., redundant and uncompacted myelin sheaths) in young adult sulfatide‐null mice as compared with the galactolipid‐null animals. Although sulfatide appears to play a limited role in myelin development, this lipid is essential for myelin maintenance, as the prevalence of redundant, uncompacted, and degenerating myelin sheaths as well as deteriorating nodal/paranodal structure is increased significantly in aged sulfatide‐null mice as compared with littermate wildtype mice. Finally, we show that the role played by sulfatide in CNS maintenance is not limited to the myelin sheath, as axonal caliber and circularity are normal in young adult mutant mice but are significantly altered in aged sulfatide‐null animals. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer recurrence after total laryngectomy: Treatment options, survival, and complications
Authors: Ritoe Savitri C. , Bergman Heidi , Krabbe Paul F. M. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , van den Hoogen Frank J. A. , Verbeek André L. M. , Marres Henri A. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground.A follow‐up schedule to detect asymptomatic cancer recurrence is offered to all patients with laryngeal cancer. In this study, the therapeutic options, prognosis, and morbidity of patients with total laryngectomy, who were found to have cancer recurrence during this follow‐up schedule were determined.Methods.Patients who had undergone a total laryngectomy between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 2000, and had cancer recurrence were included. Data from this group were analyzed retrospectively.Results.The prognosis was poor after the development of cancer recurrence. Curative therapy could only be offered to 27.5% of these patients. Only 5% of the patients were disease free at the end of the study period. Many patients with cancer recurrence needed interventions. A large proportion of them had complications.Conclusions.The follow‐up schedule offered to patients after total laryngectomy should put greater emphasis on care than on early detection of cancer recurrence. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: 383–388, 2006
A calibration and temperature correction procedure for the water‐content reflectometer
Authors: Western Andrew W. , Seyfried Mark S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCalibration is required for most soil moisture sensors if accurate measurements are to be obtained. This can be time consuming and costly, especially if field calibration is undertaken, but can be facilitated by a good understanding of the behaviour of the particular sensor being calibrated. We develop generalized temperature correction and soil water calibration relationships for Campbell Scientific CS615 water‐content reflectometer sensors. The temperature correction is estimated as a function of the raw sensor measurement. The calibration relationship requires one soil‐related parameter to be set. These relationships facilitate field calibration of these sensors to acceptable accuracies with only a small number of samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal methylation of the common PARK2 and PACRG promoter is associated with downregulation of gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Agirre Xabier , Román‐Gómez José , Vázquez Iria , Jiménez‐Velasco Antonio , Garate Leire , Montiel‐Duarte Cristina , Artieda Paula , Cordeu Lucia , Lahortiga Idoya , Calasanz María José , Heiniger Anabel , Torres Antonio , Minna John D. , Prósper Felipe 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe PARK2 gene, previously identified as a mutated target in patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP), has recently been found to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene in ovarian, breast, lung and hepatocellular carcinoma that maps to the third common fragile site (CFS) FRA6E. PARK2 is linked to a novel described PACRG gene by a bidirectional promoter containing a defined CpG island in its common promoter region. We have studied the role of promoter hypermethylation in the regulation of PARK2 and PACRG expression in different tumor cell lines and primary patient samples. Abnormal methylation of the common promoter of PARK2 and PACRG was observed in 26% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 20% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis, but not in ovarian, breast, lung, neuroblastoma, astrocytoma or colon cancer cells. Abnormal methylation resulted in downregulation of PARK2 and PACRG gene expression, while demethylation of ALL cells resulted in demethylation of the promoter and upregulation of PARK2 and PACRG expression. By FISH, we demonstrated that a lack of PARK2 and PACRG expression was due to biallelic hypermethylation and not to deletion of either PARK2 or PACRG in ALL. In conclusion, our results demonstrate for the first time that the candidate tumor suppressor genes PARK2 and PACRG are epigenetically regulated in human leukemia, suggesting that abnormal methylation and regulation of PARK2 and PACRG may play a role in the pathogenesis and development of this hematological neoplasm. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals on microvascular endothelial cell viability and functions
Authors: Pezzatini Silvia , Solito Raffaella , Morbidelli Lucia , Lamponi Stefania , Boanini Elisa , Bigi Adriana , Ziche Marina 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo favor bone reconstitution with biomaterials endothelial cells should maintain proper functions to drive angiogenesis. To this aim nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite (HA) have been synthesized and characterized on endothelial cells. Microvascular endothelial cells have been exposed to stoichiometric HA nanocrystals. Cell morphology and organization of cytoskeletal proteins have been monitored by SEM analysis and immunofluorescence. Biochemical markers of physiological and pathological responses of endothelial cells, endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase, and cycloxygenase‐2 (ecNOS and COX‐2, respectively) have been measured by immunofluorescence. Crystallized HA sustained endothelial survival without any cytotoxic effect. At the observation with SEM, endothelial cell morphology was maintained in the presence of HA. The localization and organization of β‐actin documented the formation of stress fibers, indicating an activation of endothelial cells induced by HA nanocrystals. Immunohistochemistry for biochemical key signaling pathways in endothelium demonstrated that nanocrystals of HA maintained the expression of ecNOS and did not increase COX‐2 expression. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that HA nanocrystals exhibit high biocompatibility for microvascular endothelium. In the presence of HA nanocrystals endothelial cells maintain biochemical markers of healthy endothelium. They do not acquire a proinflammatory or thrombogenic phenotype, but express markers of functioning endothelium that might contribute to angiogenesis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Expression profile of IGF system during lung injury and recovery in rats exposed to hyperoxia: A possible role of IGF‐1 in alveolar epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Narasaraju Telugu A. , Chen Haifeng , Weng Tingting , Bhaskaran Manoj , Jin Nili , Chen Jiwang , Chen Zhongming , Chinoy Mala R. , Liu Lin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAlthough several studies have shown that an induction of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) components occurs during hyperoxia‐mediated lung injury, the role of these components in tissue repair is not well known. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of IGF system components in normal tissue remodeling. We used a rat model of lung injury and remodeling by exposing rats to > 95% oxygen for 48 h and allowing them to recover in room air for up to 7 days. The mRNA expression of IGF‐I, IGF‐II, and IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) increased during injury. However, the protein levels of these components remained elevated until day 3 of the recovery and were highly abundant in alveolar type II cells. Among IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP‐5 mRNA expression increased during injury and at all the recovery time points. IGFBP‐2 and ‐3 mRNA were also elevated during injury phase. In an in vitro model of cell differentiation, the expression of IGF‐I and IGF‐II increased during trans‐differentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells into type‐I like cells. The addition of anti‐IGF‐1R and anti‐IGF‐I antibodies inhibited the cell proliferation and trans‐differentiation to some extent, as evident by cell morphology and the expression of type I and type II cell markers. These findings demonstrate that the IGF signaling pathway plays a critical role in proliferation and differentiation of alveolar epithelium during tissue remodeling. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 984–998, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell growth‐dependent subcellular localization of p8
Authors: Valacco Maria Pia , Varone Cecilia , Malicet Cédric , Cánepa Eduardo , Iovanna Juan Lucio , Moreno Silvia 
Published: November 2005

Abstractp8 is a stress‐induced protein, biochemically related to the architectural factor HMG‐I/Y, overexpressed in many cancers and required for tumor expansion. The molecular mechanisms by which p8 may exert its effect in aspects of growth is unknown. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that p8 presents nuclear localization in sub‐confluent cells, but it localizes throughout the whole cell in high density grown cells. Cells arrested in Go/G1, either by serum deprivation or by hydroxyurea treatment, show a nucleo‐cytoplasmic localization of p8, whether in the rest of the cell cycle stages of actively dividing cells the localization is nuclear. A comparison of p8 sequences from human to fly predicts a conserved bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS). The putative NLS has been demonstrated to be functional, since nuclear import is energy dependent (inhibited by sodium azide plus 2‐deoxyglucose), and fusion proteins GFP–p8 and GFP–NLSp8 localize to the nucleus, whereas GFP–p8NLSmut in which with Lys 65, 69, 76, and 77 mutated to Ala localized to the whole cell. p8 localization does not involve the CRM1 transporter, since it is insensitive to leptomycin B. Inhibitors of MAPK pathways did not affect p8 subcellular localization. The inhibition of deacetylation with Trichostatin A promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of p8. The results suggest that p8 growth stage‐dependent localization is regulated by acetylation, that p8 is not free within the cell but forming part of a complex and that it may exert a role in both subcellular localizations. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1066–1079, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of the p53 transcriptional activity
Authors: Liu Gang , Chen Xinbin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn response to various stresses, p53 is rapidly activated and transcriptionally regulates a number of target genes by which p53 modulates a variety of cellular activities. The transcriptional activity of p53 is delicately regulated by a plethora of cellular factors, independently or synergistically, in multiple ways in order to achieve a specific response. This article reviewed the role of the basal transcriptional machinery, co‐activators, and co‐repressors involved in p53‐dependent transcription, and the underlying mechanism by which the p53 transcriptional activity is regulated. We also discussed some potentially interesting questions and future directions in the field. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.