bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeostasis of cytoplasmic crowding by cell wall fluidization and ribosomal counterions
Authors: Basan Markus , Mukherjee Avik , Huang Yanqing , Oh Seungeun , Sanchez Carlos , Chang Yu-Fang , Liu Xili , Bradshaw Gary , Benites Nina , Paulsson Johan , Kirschner Marc , Sung Yongjin , Elgeti Jens 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In bacteria, algae, fungi, and plant cells, the wall must expand in concert with cytoplasmic biomass production, otherwise cells would experience toxic molecular crowding1,2 or lyse. But how cells achieve expansion of this complex biomaterial in coordination with biosynthesis of macromolecules in the cytoplasm remains unexplained3, although recent works have revealed that these processes are indeed coupled4,5. Here, we report a striking increase of turgor pressure with growth rate in E. coli, suggesting that the speed of cell wall expansion is controlled via turgor. Remarkably, despite this increase in turgor pressure, cellular biomass density remains constant across a wide range of growth rates. By contrast, perturbations of turgor pressure that deviate from this scaling directly alter biomass density. A mathematical model based on cell wall fluidization by cell wall endopeptidases not only explains these apparently confounding observations but makes surprising quantitative predictions that we validated experimentally. The picture that emerges is that turgor pressure is directly controlled via counterions of ribosomal RNA. Elegantly, the coupling between rRNA and turgor pressure simultaneously coordinates cell wall expansion across a wide range of growth rates and exerts homeostatic feedback control on biomass density. This mechanism may regulate cell wall biosynthesis from microbes to plants and has important implications for the mechanism of action of antibiotics6.
Porphyrin photosensitizer molecules as effective medicine candidates for photodynamic therapy: electronic structure information aided design
Authors: Yin Wei-Huang , Li Peng-Yuan , Liu Yang , Huang Hou-Hou , Feng Lu , Liu Shu-Hui , Bai Fu-Quan , Liu Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Traditional photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have limited tissue penetrability of light and lacked selectivity for tumor cells, which reduces the efficiency of PDT. Our aim is to effectively screen porphyrin-based PS medication through computational simulations of large-scale design and screening of PDT candidates via a precise description of the state of the light-stimulated PS molecule. Perylene-diimide (PDI) shows an absorption band in the near-infrared region (NIR) and a great photostability. Meanwhile, the insertion of metal can enhance tumor targeting. Therefore, on the basis of the original porphyrin PS segments, a series of metalloporphyrin combined with PDI and additional allosteric Zn-porphyrin-PDI systems were designed and investigated. Geometrical structures, frontier molecular orbitals, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, adiabatic electron affinities (AEA), especially the triplet excited states and spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (SOCME) of these expanded D-A porphyrin were studied in detail using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. PS candidates, conforming type I or II mechanism for PDT, have been researched carefully by molecular docking which targeted Factor-related apoptosis (Fas)/ Fas ligand (Fasl) mediated signaling pathway. It was found that Porphyrin-PDI, Fe2-porphyrin-PDI, Zn-porphyrin-PDI, Mg-porphyrin-PDI, Zn-porphyrin combined with PDI through single bond (Compound 1), and two acetylenic bonds (Compound 2) in this work would be proposed as potential PS candidates for PDT process. This study was expected to provide PS candidates for the development of novel medicine in PDT.
Impact of Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) emitted from Cell Phone on Human Semen Quality
Authors: - Ajeet , Singh Rakhi , Trivedi Shrawan K , Singh Rajeev , Jha Abhimanyu Kumar , Sharma Ravi Datta , Sharma Radhey Shyam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A prospective study has been conducted to find out the impact of cell phone on the semen quality and hormonal profile of the men. After fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria 421 healthy male volunteer’s aged 18–45 years were divided in to three groups depending on duration of cell phone use. Group-1 highly exposed group, Group-2 moderately exposed group, Group-3 control group. Subjects were asked to visit clinic every year for semen and blood sample collection up to three years. Semen physical characteristics and blood testosterone, T4 and TSH levels were estimated. Semen volume, rapid forward linear progression motility, moderate linear progression motility, sperm concentration, sperm density, percentage of normal and live sperm decreased in Group-1 in comparison to Groups-2 & 3 and trend continued till 3rd year. Sperm head abnormalities were higher in Group-1 than the Groups − 2 & 3 and trend continued till 3rd year. Slight decrease in levels of testosterone, significant increase in T4 and decrease in TSH were observed in Group-1 and similar trend was noticed till 3rd year. Present data indicate that the increased duration of cell phone use is adversely influencing the semen quality and hormone levels in men which may lead to infertility.
The Effects of Inaudible Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Memory: An fNIRS Study
Authors: Kim Ji-Su , Kim Kyu-Beom , Jeong Yong-Bin , Lee Min-Kyun , Choi Mi-Hyun , Kim Hyung-Sik , Chung Soon-Cheol 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to observe the impact of pure Binaural Beats (BB) stimulation in the inaudible frequency range, excluding the influence of sound, on visuospatial memory. Additionally, we investigated whether the brainwave changes induced by BB stimulation directly affect brain activation. The experiment involved 17 participants (12 males with a mean age of 23.2 ± 1.7 and 5 females with a mean age of 21.0 ± 0.7) in their 20s. Each participant received 10 Hz BB stimulation by presenting frequencies of 18000 Hz and 18010 Hz to the left and right ears, respectively. The experiment consisted of Rest phase (5min), Task phase (5min), and Rest phase (5min). The Task phase included conditions where participants performed the task either without BB stimulation "Task only" or with BB stimulation "Task + BB". Visuospatial memory was evaluated using the 3-back task. To observe brain activation, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to measure hemodynamic responses in all phases. The cognitive task performance (Accuracy, Reaction time) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration during the Task phase were compared between conditions with and without BB stimulation using paired t-tests. Results indicated a significantly shorter Reaction time in the Task + BB condition compared to the Task only condition. Moreover, an increase in HbO concentration was observed in the F1-F3, F2-F4, and P2-P4 regions during the Task + BB condition. In conclusion, the observed increase in HbO concentration suggests a positive influence on task performance. This study is meaningful in objectively demonstrating the impact of inaudible BB stimulation on visuospatial memory, utilizing both behavioral data and direct neural activation reflected in hemodynamic responses.
Development and transfer learning of self-attention model for major adverse cardiovascular events prediction across hospitals
Authors: Kim Yunha , Kang Heejun , Seo Hyeram , Choi Heejung , Kim Minkyoung , Han JiYe , Kee Gaeun , Park Seohyun , Ko Soyoung , Jung HyoJe , Kim Byeolhee , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young-Hak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is crucial due to its high readmission rate and severe sequelae. Current risk scoring model of MACE are based on a few features of a patient status at a single time point. We developed a self-attention-based model to predict MACE within 3 years from time series data utilizing numerous features in electronic medical records (EMRs). In addition, we demonstrated transfer learning for hospitals with insufficient data through code mapping and feature selection of top 50 features by the calculated importance. We established operational definitions and categories for diagnoses, medications, and laboratory tests to streamline scattered codes, enhancing clinical interpretability across hospitals. This resulted in reduced feature size and improved data quality for transfer learning. The pre-trained model demonstrated an increase in AUROC after transfer learning, from 0.564 to 0.821. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness of the predicted scores, we analyzed the data using traditional survival analysis, which confirmed an elevated hazard ratio for a group of patients with high scores.
Host plant odour and sex pheromone are integral to mate finding in codling moth
Authors: Witzgall Peter , Erdei Anna , Sousa Maria , Gonzalez Francisco , Bengtsson Marie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The great diversity of specialist plant-feeding insects suggests that host plant shifts may initiate speciation, even without geographic barriers. Pheromones and kairomones mediate sexual communication and host choice, and the response to these behaviour-modifying chemicals is under sexual and natural selection, respectively. The idea that the interaction of mate signals and habitat cues facilitates reproductive isolation and ecological speciation is well-established, while the traits and the underlying sensory mechanisms remain unknown. The larva of codling moth feeds in the apple. We show for the first time that the response of male moths to female sex pheromone relies upon presence of a kairomone released from apple. In a non-host tree, attraction to pheromone alone is very strongly reduced, but is fully rescued by blending pheromone with the apple kairomone. This affords a mechanism how host plant shifts shape new mate-finding signals that can give rise to assortative mating and reproductive isolation.
Cost-Efficient Prompt Engineering for Unsupervised Entity Resolution
Authors: Nananukul Navapat , Sisaengsuwanchai Khanin , Kejriwal Mayank 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Entity Resolution (ER) is the problem of semi-automatically determining when two entities refer to the same \emph{underlying} entity, with applications ranging from healthcare to e-commerce. Traditional ER solutions required considerable manual expertise, including domain-specific feature engineering, as well as identification and curation of training data. Recently released large language models (LLMs) provide an opportunity to make ER more seamless and domain-independent. However, it is also well known that LLMs can pose risks, and that the quality of their outputs can depend on how prompts are engineered. Unfortunately, a systematic experimental study on the effects of different prompting methods for addressing unsupervised ER, using LLMs like ChatGPT, has been lacking thus far. This paper aims to address this gap by conducting such a study. We consider some relatively simple and cost-efficient ER prompt engineering methods and apply them to ER on two real-world datasets widely used in the community. We use an extensive set of experimental results to show that an LLM like GPT3.5 is viable for high-performing unsupervised ER, and interestingly, that more complicated and detailed (and hence, expensive) prompting methods do not necessarily outperform simpler approaches. We provide brief discussions on qualitative and error analysis, including a study of the inter-consistency of different prompting methods to determine whether they yield stable outputs. Finally, we consider some limitations of LLMs when applied to ER.
Anhedonia and Daily Emotional Experiences Among Mothers of Preschool Children: An Experiential Sampling Study
Authors: Takamatsu Reina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Positive emotions induced by child cuteness are critical components of the human parenting system. However, anhedonia, which is characterized by reduced subjective experiences of pleasure, may undermine parenting experiences by reducing responses to child cuteness. Using the experiential sampling method, the current research examined associations among parental anhedonia, responses to child cuteness, and daily parenting experiences. Eighty-two mothers of preschool children participated in the 5-day survey and reported momentary positive and negative emotions and parental experiences. They also completed an end-of-day survey in which they rated the interaction quality with their child and perceived fatigue. The results showed that compared to the control, mothers with high anhedonia reported dampened cuteness in child and elevated negative emotions (anxiety and frustration). In addition, they were more likely to report their child’s mood more negative relative to the control. At the end of day, the high anhedonia group reported lower interaction quality. Self-rated fatigue did not differ among groups. These results suggest that anhedonia undermines parenting experiences by diminishing cuteness-induced positive emotions while amplifying negative emotions.
Title of the manuscript: Relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Li Guohua , Abudushalamu Muyashaer , Muheremu Aikeremujiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between body weight, body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in natural postmenopausal women.
Methods: A total of 149 natural postmenopausal patients admitted from October 2020 to April 2022 were selected and divided into control group (88 cases with BMI<24.0 kg/m2) and Observation group (61 cases with BMI≥24kg/m2). All patients were scanned using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, standard BMD scans were performed on the lumbar spine (L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4) and the hip (whole hip, femoral neck, trochanter, and femoral shaft). Pearson correlation or correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the relationship between BMI, body weight and BMD at different sites and to compare the differences in BMD at different sites between the two groups.
Results: There were no significant differences in age, menopause age and height between the two groups, but the body weight of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). BMD of L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4, hip, neck of femur, trochanter and femoral shaft in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). BMI and body weight was positively correlated with L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4, femoral neck and total hip BMD, with statistical significance (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Postmenopausal women with higher BMI and weight may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, which can reduce the risk of fragility fracture.
Spatial transcriptome reveals histology-correlated immune signature learnt by deep learning attention mechanism on H&amp;E–stained images for ovarian cancer prognosis
Authors: Ng Chun Wai , Wong Kwong-Kwok , Lawson Berrett C. , Ferri-Borgogno Sammy , Mok Samuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The ability to predict the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer can greatly improve disease management. However, the knowledge on the mechanism of the prediction is limited. We sought to deconvolute the attention feature learnt by a deep learning convolutional neural networks trained with whole-slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E)–stained tumor samples using spatial transcriptomic data.
Methods: In this study, 773 WSIs of H&E–stained tumor sections from 335 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who were included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan-Cancer study were used to train and validate and to test a ResNet101 CNN model modified with attention mechanism. WSIs from patients in an independent cohort were used to further evaluate the model.
Results: The prognostic value of the predicted H&E–based survival scores from the trained model on patient survival was evaluated. The attention signals learnt by the model were then examined their correlation with immune signatures using spatial transcriptome. After validating the model with the testing datasets, pathway enrichment analysis showed that the H&E—based survival score significantly correlated with certain immune signatures and this was validated spatially using spatial transcriptome data of ovarian cancer FFPE sample by correlating the selected signature and attention signal.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the attention mechanism might be useful to identify regions for their specific immune activities. This could guide future pathological study for the useful immunological features that are important in modulating the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
Reference Values for Upper and Lower Limb Nerve Conduction Studies among Filipino Adults using the E-Norms Method
Authors: Pura Maria Angela B. , Garrido-Bagayo Gwen G. , Pabellano-Tiongson Ma. Luisa Gwenn , Reyes Jose Paciano Baltazar T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper aims to propose reference values for nerve conduction studies of routinely tested nerves for the adult Filipino population aged 18-60 years old using patient data and its relationship with multiple patient demographic/anthropometric variables through the E-norms method - a relatively novel, adaptable, undemanding, and validated statistical technique; providing a quicker, more practical, reproducible way to identify reference value for different populations and laboratories. The study included all adult Filipinos aged 18-60 who underwent nerve conduction studies at The Medical City in the Philippines over four months (October 2022-January 2023). The study was comprised of clinical assessment and clinical laboratory measurements. A total of 600 patients (1200 limbs) were included in this study. The E-norms results showed slightly faster latencies but relatively comparable amplitudes and conduction velocities compared to our laboratory and AANEM NDTF reference values. This study also showed that as the participants aged, the amplitudes, conduction velocities, and latencies of most nerves tested showed decreased, slowed, and prolongation of the measurements, respectively. This study also observed a positive correlation between the limb length of the upper limbs and the latencies.
Furthermore, a negative correlation existed between height and conduction velocity and BMI and amplitudes. In conclusion, using the E-normsmethod, this study produced a set of reference values generally applicable to the adult Filipino population. Standardizing nerve conduction parameters canpave the way for modifying diagnostic criteria for peripheral nerve disorders inFilipinos.
Bootstrapping Optimization for Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes
Authors: Wu Meng , Zhao Xiufeng , Song Weitao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

With the advent of cloud computing and the era of big data, there is an increasing focus on privacy computing. Consequently, homomorphic encryption, being a primary technique for achieving privacy computing, is held in high regard. Nevertheless, the efficiency of homomorphic encryption schemes is significantly impacted by boostrapping. FINAL scheme (ASIACRYPT 2022) is a fully homomorphic encryption scheme based on number theory research unit (NTRU) and learning with errors (LWE) assumptions proposed by Charlotte Bonte et al. The performance of the FINAL scheme is better than TFHE scheme, with a faster bootstrapping and smaller bootstrapping and key-switching keys. In this paper, we introduce ellipsoidal Gaussian sampling to generate the keys f and g in bootstrapping of FINAL scheme, so that the standard deviations of the keys f and g are different and reduce the bootstrapping noise. As a result, larger decomposition bases is used in bootstrapping to reduce the total number of polynomial multiplications, thus improving the efficiency of FINAL scheme. The optimization scheme outperforms the original FINAL scheme with a 33.3\% faster bootstrapping.
Balancing Act: Exploring the Interplay Between Lifestyle Habits and Nutritional Status Among University Students. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ndung’u Joseph , Kobia Joseph , Waudo Judith 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In the contemporary world, higher education plays a pivotal role in achieving academic success and fostering personal growth. Students often adopt lifelong habits that significantly impact their well-being during this period. Notably, factors such as diet, sleep, physical activity, and substance use have gained prominence due to their association with the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases among young adults. Characterising these habits has become a crucial focus for research, particularly in primary prevention efforts against lifestyle diseases. This study aims to scrutinize the lifestyle habits of undergraduate students at Kenyatta University in Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods
This research utilized a cross-sectional analytical study design and took place at the Kenyatta University Main Campus in Nairobi County. The target population comprised undergraduate students. Employing a multistage stratified sampling method, 260 students were selected as the sample for the study. A structured questionnaire, pretested on 10% of the sample, was employed to gather socio-demographic, dietary, and lifestyle data. Statistical analysis involving categorising eating habits and physical activity levels was carried out using SPSS version 24.
Results
The study encompassed a predominantly young demographic, with 85.1% falling within the 18–24 age range, displaying diversity, with 39% being male. Residences varied, with 51% residing off-campus and 25.3% in university hostels. A significant proportion (69.5%) took charge of meal preparation. Regarding eating habits, the majority (79.9%) demonstrated neutral habits, 12% adhered to healthy practices, and 8.0% exhibited unhealthy ones. Physical inactivity prevailed at 75.9%, with 67.1% engaging in walking activities for ≤ 100 minutes daily. Smoking rates were low (2.4% active, 2% former), predominantly observed among males. Optimal sleep duration (7–8 hours) was achieved by 56.6%, and alcohol use was reported by 31.3%, with 26.9% participating in binge drinking.
Conclusions
Tobacco use was minimal, consistent with the global trend of decreasing prevalence. Physical inactivity was widespread, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle, particularly among females. Excessive alcohol intake was more prevalent among males. On a positive note, more than half of the respondents met the recommended sleep duration, with sleep deprivation being more common among males than females.
The Potential Pathogenic Fungus of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Wilt Disease: Fusarium
Authors: Sui Yuan , Huang Ke , SUn Xiangcheng , Li Yujing , Xu Panpan , Li Na , Wu Xuehong , Pang Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The wilt disease of ginger, caused by various Fusarium species, imperils the cultivation of this valuable crop. However, the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology of ginger wilt remain elusive. Here, we investigate the association between ginger rhizome health and the prevalence of Fusarium conidia, as well as examine fungal community composition in symptomatic and asymptomatic ginger tissues. Our findings show that diseased rhizomes have reduced tissue firmness, correlating negatively with Fusarium conidia counts. Pathogenicity assays confirmed that both Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solnai are capable of inducing wilt symptoms in rhizomes and sterile seedlings. Furthermore, Fungal community profiling revealed Fusarium to be the dominant taxon across all samples, yet its relative abundance was significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues. Specifically, there is a higher incidence of Fusarium ASVs in symptomatic above-ground parts. Our results unequivocally implicate F. oxysporum or F. solnai as the etiological agents responsible for ginger wilt and demonstrate that Fusarium is the principal fungal pathogen associated with this disease. These findings provide critical insights for efficacious disease management practices within the ginger industry.