bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Profiles of Walleye Angling Effort, Harvest Rate, and Harvest in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Deroba Jonathan J. , Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. , Hennessy Joseph M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
In regions where water resources are abundant, broad-scale fisheries management requires quantifying fishery trends on a representative sample of lakes and then using these data to evaluate management actions and assess fishery status. Therefore, we quantified regional fishery profiles of the average number of complete-trip interviews, effort per acre, the number of walleyes Sander vitreus harvested per angler-hour, and the number of walleyes harvested per acre among hours, seasons, and years from 1991 to 2002 in northern Wisconsin lakes. The average number of interviews within days was similar between weekday and weekend day types but differed between open-water and ice-fishing seasons, peaking at midday and late afternoon during open water and midday during ice fishing. The average harvest rate within days was similar between day types and seasons and was highest in the morning and afternoon. The average angler effort during the angling season differed between day types and peaked in July on weekdays and in May on weekends. The average harvest rate during the angling season differed between day types and peaked in May on weekdays but also December on weekends. The average harvest per acre during the angling season was similar between day types and declined from May to February. The cumulative average angler effort was higher on weekdays than on weekends during 1991–2002, but the harvest rate and harvest per acre were similar between day types. Angler effort, harvest rate, and harvest per acre did not change significantly among years. Angler use and success changed systematically within days and among seasons but not among years, which suggests that walleye populations and the associated fishery were stable. The regional fishery profiles for each estimate were similar to the results from smaller-scale studies, suggesting that regional profiles can accurately depict patterns on a smaller scale.
Axial mass transfer in Taylor flow through circular microchannels
Authors: Salman Wael , Gavriilidis Asterios , Angeli Panagiota 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDrpar; model has been formulated to evaluate axial mixing in Taylor flow. The residence‐time distribution (RTD) curves of a Taylor flow unit cell (comprised of a liquid slug and two half bubbles) is calculated numerically from a step‐tracer simulation by solving the steady‐state Navier‐Stokes and the transient convection‐diffusion equations for a variety of conditions (10 < Pe < 105, 10−5 < Ca < 10−3). The concentration calculated at the outlet of a unit cell gives the cell‐density function, from which its RTD curve can be found. Two different trends in the unit cell RTD curves were observed with Pe. At high Pe, the curves have characteristic peaks, while at low Pe only one peak is found that decays slowly. The size and separation of the peaks is affected by the Pe, film thickness δ, and slug length, but not Re. The moments of the RTD curves are then used to assess literature unit cell models (CSTR‐PFR, two‐region, and the model of Thulasidas et al.1) For Peδ > 10 the CSTR‐PFR model showed the largest difference from the CFD simulations, while the model by Thulasidas et al. showed reasonable agreement. The two‐region model fitted the simulations, but only for Sh values significantly different from those found by literature correlations. For Peδ < 10, the CSTR‐PFR model gave the best predictions compared to the numerical simulations. A method for calculating the residence‐time distribution of a reactor, based on the residence‐time distribution of a unit cell by means of a convolution method, was also introduced and gave results which compared very well with experimental data. The short length of the reactor used in the experiments, however, could not allow proper differentiation from other models investigated, which also showed good agreement with the experimental data. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Considering of certain relevant information in the analysis of contingency tables. A three‐step procedure
Authors: Enke H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA heuristic three‐step procedure for analysing multidimensional contingency tables is given to meet the requirements of a mixed analysis from both hypotheses‐ruled and data‐ruled type. The first‐step provides the structure of relationships among the attributes by fitting an appropriate unsaturated log‐linear model to the data of the given contingency table. Restriction to elementary hierarchical models allows to get them by combining pairs of conditional independence. The result of the first step may be regarded as a certain validisation of real model ideas. In the second step the significant pairs of conditional dependence are analysed in regard to the levels of the condition complex. Only such significant pairs are to be considered, in general, where the condition complex does not include the response variable. The third‐step may test special subtests in that significant two‐dimensional tables found in step two or may extend the general statements by partitioning, the corresponding test statistics in additive components. Application examples demonstrate the general line of action.
Testing Linear Contrasts of Means in Experimental Design Without Assuming Normality and Homogeneity of Variances
Authors: Tiku M. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe investigate the efficiencies of TIKU'S (1967, 1980) modified maximum likelihood (MML) estimators of location and scale parameters of symmetric distributions and show that they are remarkably efficient (jointly). We develop test statistics (based on MML estimators), analogous to the classical tests based on sample means and variances, for testing the equality of two means (the population variances not necessarily equal). We show that these tests are remarkably robust to distributional assumptions and generally more powerful than the well‐known nonparametric tests (WILCOXON, normal‐score, KOLMOGOROV‐SMIRNOV). We generalize the results to testing linear contrasts of means in experimental design (the error variances not necessarily equal). We show that the analogous tests based on ‘adaptive’ robust estimators (wave, bisquare, HAMPEL,) etc., GROSS (1976, and other ‘adaptive’ robust estimators) give misleading Type I errors.
Unbalancedness and Efficiency in Estimating Components of Variance: MINQUE and ANOVA Procedure
Authors: Ahrens H. , Sanchez J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider the one‐way classification random model. Using a measure of unbalancedness some MINQ‐Estimation procedures and ANOVA‐procedure have been investigated with respect to their sensibility to unbalancedness.Further if we define the efficiency of a design N as the ratio of the MSE (.)'s of the balanced and the unbalanced case we obtain for three MINQE‐procedures upper and lower bounds of the minimum efficiency.
Omnibus Two‐Sample Test Procedures with Randomly Censored Data
Authors: Koziol J. A. , Yuh Y. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVersions of the KOLMOGOROV‐SMIRNOV, KUIPER, and cRAMéR‐VONMISESstatistics are introduced for the problem of comparing the underlying survival distributions of two populations when observations are subject to random censorship, and a two‐sided alternative is of interest. These statistics are shown to have readily amenable asymptotic distributions; furthermore, the statistics reduce to their classical counterparts in the absence of censorship. Data pertaining to a cancer chemotherapy experiment are examined with these statistics.
Sequentially Generated Designs
Authors: Vuchkov I. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProcedures for sequential generation of nearlyD‐optimal designs are described. Two kinds of designs can be obtained: symmetrical block designs and nonsymmetrical ones. It is shown that in a special case when the number of the support points of a continuousD‐optimal design equals to the number of regression coefficients the sequential designs can be constructed very easy without use of a computer. A Catalogue containing 135 designs has been developed by use of these procedures. 34 of them can be used for experiments in cuboidal factor space and the remaining for experiments with mixture and process variables. Comparison with other designs is done.
Construction of Selection Indexes with Restrictions
Authors: Mielenz N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper the problem of unistage selection with inequality constraints is formulated. If the predictor and criterion variables are all normally distributed, this problem can be written as a convex programming problem, with a linear objective function and with linear constraints and a quadratic constraint. Using the duality theory, for convex nonlinear programming it is proved, that its dual problem can be transformed into a convex minimization problem with non‐negativity conditions. Good computational methods are known for solving this problem. By the help of the dual problem sufficient conditions for a solution of the original primal problem are derived and illustrated by an example of practical interest.
Bayesian Prediction Regions for the Extreme Order Statistics
Authors: Lingappaiah G. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, prediction bounds for the order statistics are dealt with. For this purpose, predictive distributions derived by Bayesian approach, are utilized. In particular, bounds for the smallest and the largest order statistics are set when a series of samples are drawn from exponential, Pareto and power function populations. These bounds assist in knowing the nature of these predicted statistics even without actually having the sample observations.
Construction of Estimation Regions for the Parameters of Explicit Functional Relationships
Authors: Bandemer H. , Schmerling S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAssuming that some explicit functional relationship acts as a mathematical model we consider the case that we are given a finite set of hypercuboids, each of which contains at least one point of the true functional relationship with a certain given probability. We present a procedure to construct sets for the unknown parameters and probabilities for the event that those contain the true parameter value. The procedure is illustrated by an example from pharmaceutical technology.
On Some Stochastic Problems in Epidemiology under the Binomial Damage Model
Authors: Rao B. Raja 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present paper discusses some probability problems in epidemiology in which a community is divided into two parts by means of the binomial damage model. The community size N is an integer‐valued random v̀ariable and p denotes the incidence rate of a certain disease such that conditional on N=n, the number B of infected individuals in the community follows a binomial distribution with parameters n and p. Let C denote the number of the susceptibles, where B + C = N. Probabilities are found of the events, such as, only half the community is hit by the disease, or there are n more susceptibles than are infected for n=0, 1, 2,…, or the susceptibles exceed the infected, or the susceptibles exceed (m‐1) times the number of infected individuals for m = 2, 3,…, etc. These probabilities play an useful role when a public health official wishes to ascertain that only a given proportion 1/m of the community is infected with the disease. Only the cases when the community size N follows the geometric, negative binomial or FISHER'S logarithmic series distributions are considered with the mathematics being manageable.
A Technique for Evaluating Forecasting Models
Authors: Xekalaki E. , Katti S. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper presents a new methodology for evaluating the performance of a forecasting model. The evaluation‐criterion utilizes a “credibility interval” centered at the model prediction. Given predicted and observed values, the length of the “credibility interval” is increased (or decreased) according as an observed value of the dependent random variable falls out of (or into) the interval. Based on that, various ways of assessing the rating of the model are discussed and illustrative examples are given.
On the Application of Ordinate Characterizing of Approximately Periodical Functions in Analyzing Biological Records
Authors: Bandemer H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAs a possible alternative to spectral analysis of biological processes the method of thresholding the recorded function is reconsidered. The frequencies of the section length for a finite set of levels form the frequency surface which is the starting point for inference and reasoning. The paper presents ideas and examples to stimulate the development and use of a suitable electronic equipment.
Diminished Confidence Levels in the Interval Estimation of an Unknown Regressor in Model I of Linear Regression
Authors: Horn M. , Rausch W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor the modely=β0+ β1x +e(model I of linear regression) in the literature confidence estimators of an unknown positionx0are given at which either the expectation ofyis given (see FIELLER, 1944; FINNEY, 1952), or realizations ofyare given (see GRAYBILL, 1961). These confidence regions with level 1—α need not be intervals. The occurrence of interval shape is a random event. Its probability is equal to the power of thettest for the examination of the hypothesisH: β1= 0. The papers mentioned above claim to provide confidence intervals with level 1 − α. But because of the restriction of (1 —α)—confidence regions to intervals the true confidence probability is the conditional probabilityWc:Wc=P(the confidence region coversx0| the region has interval shape). Here this conditional probability is shown to be less than 1 —α. Evidence on the possible deviations from 1 —α has been obtained by simulations.
Zur Versuchsplanung für Schätzungen im gemischten Modell der linearen Regression1
Authors: Bartko M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe covariance matrix of the least‐squares‐estimator for the coefficients of the mixed model of linear regression is deduced. This serves as a base to work out procedures experimental design for point and confidence estimations of the regression coefficients and the regression function. So it was shown, that the C‐, A‐, D‐ and G‐optimal designs in the mixed model are the same as in model I. Further an assertion for sample size determination is proved especially for point estimation of the regression function.
Analyses of associations with censored data by generalized Mantel and Breslow tests and generalized Kendall correlation coefficients
Authors: Schemper M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo nonparametric procedures are proposed for the problem of testing association between two continous variables, when one is subject to arbitrary censoring. The main advantages of the two tests—generalizations of MANTEL'S (1066) and BRESLOW'S (1970)k‐sample tests for censored data—are: accurate control over the size of the test, no restrictive assumptions concerning censoring mechanisms, theoretical properties similar to those already explored for Mantel's and Breslow's tests, close relationship to descriptive measures of association, namely generalized Kendall correlation coefficients, to which part of the paper is devoted. Finally stratified analyses are discussed and calculated examples presented.
A Measure of Biochemical Individual Variability
Authors: Masuyama M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOnce a questionable substance is found in a polluted area, we determine its MLD, LD50 etc. by animal experiments and then taking the species difference into consideration, we provide its MTD, LD50 etc. for the man. However, there exists clearly a wide difference in its tolerance among persona even with the same sex and age belonging to the same race. Our main themes are (i) what is a rational measure of the biochemical individual variability, (ii) what kind of empirical law holds with respect to this measure, and (iii) what is the reason why it holds. This is a summary of my research sponsored by our Agency of Science and Technology [1979a] with some additional results.
A Sometimes‐Pool Estimator of the Mean Life
Authors: Ramkaran  , Bhattacharya Samir K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper deals with the problem of estimating the mean life θ in an exponential model \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$f(x/\theta ) = \frac{1}{\theta }e - x/\theta$\end{document}. It is assumed that in addition to the current ordered sample, we have a sample collected sometime in the recent past when the mean life might have been β. We have proposed a Sometimes—Pool procedure which is based on the outcome of a preliminary test of H0: θ=β and obtained the expressions of the bias and MSE. An attempt has been made to locate that region in the parameter space in which the proposed estimator does better (in MSE sense) than the usual estimator based only on the current sample.
Exact Test Procedures for Generalized Kendall Correlation Coefficients
Authors: Schemper M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn exact test of KENDALL'S tau is presented, useful in small samples when the asymptotic test may not be adequate. The procedure is proposed especially for situations when ties and/or censored observations are present in the variables to be analyzed by KENDALL'S tau. The paper describes generalizations of the procedure, presents calculated examples and offers a computer program, which facilitates the usage of the proposed procedure.
A Modification of Kappa for Interobserver Bias
Authors: Krauth J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy COHEN and others the kappa index was developed for measuring nominal scale agreement between two raters. This statistic measures the distance from the nullhypothesis of independent ratings of two observers. Here a modified kappa is introduced, which takes into account the distance between the marginal distributions, as well. This distance is interpreted as the so‐called interobserver bias. Population analogues are defined for the modified kappa and a related conditional index. For these parameters asymptotic confidence intervals and tests are derived. The procedures are illustrated by fictitious and real examples.
A Problem of Equivalence in Clinical Trials
Authors: Patel H. I. , Gupta G. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral methods exist for testing the bioequivalence in bioavailability trials. In this article we propose a method for testing the equivalence of two drugs in clinical trials when the response variable is assumed to have a normal distribution. The null and alternative hypotheses are formulated in a nonconventional manner. Computing aspects for the power and sample size are discussed.
On the Use of Ranks in Combined Estimates in Quantal Bioassays
Authors: Bennett B. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIf {Ui} i = 1, …, k is a sequence of binary responses of ni subjects at each of k successive dose levels xi, there is the problem of the statistical treatment of the observed proportions Pi = Ui/ni when neither the probit nor the logit transformation may be assumed.This paper considers the use of the midranks of the responses for point and interval estimation of relative potency in the case of parallel line assay in particular. More generally the problem of combining the results of several independent estimates using ranks is discussed. Several examples illustrate the method.
A Combined Product Estimator in Sample Survey
Authors: Kaur Parvinder 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor the estimation of the population mean in stratified random sampling a ‘Combined Product Estimator’ is proposed which is more efficient than the ‘Combined Ratio’ and ‘Separate Ratio’ estimators. Also, the proposed estimator have exact expressions for bias and mean square error. An empirical illustration is given to compare the efficiencies of different estimators.
A Study of Maternal and Maternal Interaction Effects in Diallel Crosses
Authors: Kaushik L. S. , Puri P. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe analysis of diallel crosses by including the components due to maternal effect and maternal interaction effects have been presented for Griffing method—1 (random effect model) and Griffing method—3 (fixed and random effect model). Wherever exact test of significance is not possible, testing procedure using Satterthwaite (1946) approximation has been presented.
On Admissible Estimators in a Linear Model
Authors: Stepniak C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet Y be observable random vector such that EY=Xβ and D(Y)=ρ2V. Linear estimation of a parameter p′β under the squared loss is considered. RAO, 1976 and 1979, obtained a necessary and sufficient condition for admissibility of an estimator t′Y in the case X=I. This result will be extended for arbitrary X.AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 62J05; secondary 62C15.
The Additive Risk Model for Epidemiologic Interaction and the Analogy with Factorial Experiments
Authors: Rao B. Raja , Enterline Philip E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present paper may be divided into two parts.The first is concerned with DAYAL'S (1980) discussion drawing a parallel between the concept of interaction in factorial experiments and the concept of epidemiologic interaction (synergism). The analogy works well with two risk factors. It is shown that generalizing this analogy to three or more factors does not give the Hogan et al. measure, also called the Interaction Contrast of Disease Rates (I.C.D.R.). As a consequence, Dayal's measure will not vanish when the factors act independently, unless some further condition is imposed, as he does.The problem discussed in the second part is to relate the Interaction Contrast of Disease Rates (I.C.D.R.) corresponding to m binary risk factors with the I.C.D.R.'s corresponding to fewer than m risk factors. There are 2m — m — 1 subsets containing two or more risk factors and interaction has been considered between factors in each subset. The term ‘marginal I.C.D.R.’ has been introduced for the I.C.D.R. involving the factors in a subset in the absence of all the rest of the factors. The special cases of m = 3 and m = 4 are discussed in detail with the mathematics being manageable. When m = 3, there is one three‐factor I.C.D.R DXYZ and three two‐factor marginal I.C.D.R's DXY, DYZ, and DZX. This paper connects DXYZ with the average two‐factor marginal I.C.D.R. Similarly when m = 4, the four‐factor I.C.D.R. is connected with the average two‐ and three‐factor I.C.D.R.'s. The application of this result lies in showing, for example, that if all pairs of factors interact, then the three‐factor I.C.D.R is not only positive but has a positive lower bound, which is the average pairwise marginal I.C.D.R. Similarly if all the triplets of factors interact, the four‐factor I.C.D.R. has a positive lower bound. A numerical example illustrates the results obtained.
Analysis of Crossover Designs with a Categorical Response
Authors: Le Chap T. , Cary Margaret M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the analysis of two‐period crossover designs, one frequently must consider the case of a categorical response with binary as a special case. These circumstances are considered in this paper and the proposed method—an extension of GART'S tests for the binary case—is similar to that of PIKE, CASAGRANDE and SMITH for the analysis of pair‐matched case‐control studies. The results are illustrated with a numerical example.