bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of fudosteine in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry employing precolumn derivatization with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate
Authors: Xu Fengguo , Zhang Zunjian , Jiao Haoyan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Beibei , Chen Yun 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a novel method for the sensitive and selective determination of fudosteine in human plasma. The method involves a derivatization step with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC‐Cl) in borate buffer and detection based on high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS). After acetonitrile‐induced protein precipitation of plasma samples, fudosteine was derivatized with FMOC‐Cl, then extracted by ethyl acetate, evaporated, reconstituted and injected using an LC/ESI/MS instrument. Separation was achieved using an ODS column and isocratic elution. Excellent linearity was obtained for the entire calibration range from 0.05 to 20 µg/ml. Validation assays of the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) as well as for the intra‐ and inter‐batch precision and accuracy met the international acceptance criteria for bioanalytical method validation. Using the developed analytical method, fudosteine could be detected for the first time in human plasma with a low limit of detection (LLOD) of 0.03 µg/ml. The proposed method has been successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of fudosteine in healthy Chinese volunteers after single and multiple oral administration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone grafts prepared with selective cell retention technology heal canine segmental defects as effectively as autograft
Authors: Brodke Darrel , Pedrozo Hugo A. , Kapur Terri A. , Attawia Mohamed , Kraus Karl H. , Holy Chantal E. , Kadiyala Sudha , Bruder Scott P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing a canine critical‐size segmental defect model, a two‐phased study was undertaken to evaluate the healing efficacy of demineralized bone and cancellous chips (DBM‐CC) enriched with osteoprogenitor cells using a Selective Cell Retention (SCR) technology. The goals of this study were: 1) to determine the bone‐healing efficacy of SCR‐enriched grafts versus autograft, and 2) to assess the value of clotting SCR‐enriched grafts with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Thirty dogs were included in Phase I: 18 dogs were treated with an SCR‐enriched DBM‐CC graft clotted with autologous bone marrow, and were compared to 12 autograft controls. In Phase II, 24 animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals, each treated with a different bone graft material: 1) iliac crest autograft, 2) DBM‐CC alone, 3) DBM‐CC saturated with marrow, and 4) SCR‐enriched DBM‐CC clotted with PRP. All grafts were placed unilaterally in a 21‐mm long osteoperiosteal femoral, instrumented, critical‐size defect. Radiographs were obtained for all animals postoperatively and every 4–16 weeks; animals were then sacrificed. All femurs were prepared for histology. Femurs in the Phase II study were also analyzed by micro‐CT. At 16 weeks, healing—defined by bridging bone across the defects—was observed in 50% of the DBM‐CC alone group and 67% of the DBM‐CC saturated with marrow group; 100% of the autograft and SCR‐enriched DBM‐CC groups were healed. Histologically, grafts clotted with PRP showed more mature bone than those implanted with autologous bone, which in turn were similar to those implanted with bone marrow clotted SCR‐enriched grafts. These results demonstrated that: 1) SCR‐enriched DBM‐CC was equivalent to autograft to repair critical‐size defects, and 2) while not statistically significant, PRP may have accelerated bone maturation when used to clot osteoprogenitor‐enriched DBM‐CC grafts—as compared to cell‐enriched, DBM‐CC grafts without PRP—in large animal models. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of shoulder tightness on glenohumeral translation, scapular kinematics, and scapulohumeral rhythm in subjects with stiff shoulders
Authors: Lin Jiu‐jenq , Lim Hyun K. , Yang Jing‐Lan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractShoulder tightness may cause altered kinematics and lead to development of subacromial impingement, tendinitis, and degenerative changes. In this investigation, the humeral head translations, scapular kinematics, and scapulohumeral rhythm were determined with a three‐dimensional electromagnetic tracking device during arm elevations in six subjects with anterior shoulder tightness and in six subjects with posterior shoulder tightness to study the effects of anterior/posterior tightness on shoulder kinematics. Subjects with anterior tightness showed lower slopes in curves of glenohumeral elevation plotted against scapular upward rotation (scapulohumeral rhythm, 0.11 to 0.32; p = 0.021) and less posterior scapular tilt (2.9 to 7.5°; p = 0.002) during arm elevations when compared to the group with posterior tightness. The humeral head was positioned less posteriorly (2.2 to 3.4 mm; p = 0.004) and more superiorly (3.8 to 7.0 mm; p < 0.0005) during arm elevation in subjects with posterior tightness. The alternations in shoulder kinematics between subjects with anterior and posterior shoulder tightness may be relevant to the development of subacromial impingement, tendinitis, and degenerative changes as seen in subjects with stiff shoulders. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Anticancer effects of zoledronic acid against human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Kubista B. , Trieb K. , Sevelda F. , Toma C. , Arrich F. , Heffeter P. , Elbling L. , Sutterlüty H. , Scotlandi K. , Kotz R. , Micksche M. , Berger W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBased on neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients has improved dramatically. However, due to therapy resistance in patient subgroups, the development of new treatment strategies is still of utmost importance. The aim of our study was to test the effects of the nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) on osteosarcoma cell lines (N = 9). Exposure to ZOL at low micromolar concentrations induced a dose‐ and time‐dependent block of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression followed by microfilament breakdown and apoptosis induction. The ZOL‐induced cell cycle accumulation in S phase was accompanied by significant changes in the expression of cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors with a prominent loss of cyclin E and D1. ZOL not only inhibited growth but also migration of osteosarcoma cells. The mevalonate pathway intermediary geranyl‐geraniol (GGOH) but not farnesol (FOH) significantly inhibited the anticancer effects of ZOL against osteosarcoma cells. Correspondingly, ZOL sensitivity correlated with the blockade of protein geranylgeranylation indicated by unprenylated Rap1. Overexpression of even high levels of P‐glycoprotein, as frequently present in therapy‐resistant osteosarcomas, did not impair the anticancer activity of ZOL. Summarizing, our data suggest that ZOL, which selectively accumulates in the bone, represents a promising agent to improve osteosarcoma therapy. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
How muscles recover from paresis and atrophy after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A: Study in juvenile rats
Authors: Shen Jian , Ma Jianjun , Lee Cassandra , Smith Beth P. , Smith Thomas L. , Tan Kim H. , Koman L. Andrew 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBotulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) is a potent biological toxin widely used for the management of skeletal muscle spasticity or dynamic joint contracture. Intramuscular injection of BoNT‐A causes muscle denervation, paresis, and atrophy. This clinical effect of botulinum toxin A lasts 3 to 6 months, and injected muscle eventually regains muscle mass and recovers muscle function. The goal of the present study was to characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) regeneration and skeletal muscle functional recovery after BoNT‐A injection. Fifty‐six 1‐month‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. Botulinum toxin A was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle at a dosage of 6 units/kg body weight. An equivalent volume of saline was injected into the right gastrocnemius muscle to serve as control. The gastrocnemius muscle samples were harvested from both hind limbs at 3 days, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 180 days, and 360 days after administration of toxin. In addition, the gastrocnemius muscles from 1‐month‐old rats with no injections were harvested to serve as uninjected control group. Muscle samples were processed and mRNA was extracted. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene microarray technology were used to identify key molecules involved in NMJ stabilization and muscle functional recovery. More than 28,000 rat genes were analyzed and approximately 9000 genes are expressed in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Seven days following BoNT‐A injection, 105 genes were upregulated and 59 genes were downregulated. Key molecules involved in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stabilization and muscle functional recovery were identified and their time course of gene expression following BoNT‐A injection were characterized. This animal study demonstrates that following intramuscular injection of BoNT‐A, there is a sequence of cellular events that eventually leads to NMJ stabilization, remodeling, and myogenesis and muscle functional recovery. This recovery process is divided into two stages (aneural and neural) and that the IGF‐1 signaling pathway play a central role in the process. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Dense subspaces of quasinormable spaces
Authors: Bonet José , Dierolf Susanne , Aye Aye Khin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDense linear subspaces of quasinormable Fréchet spaces need not be quasinormable, as an example due to J. Bonet and S. Dierolf proved. A characterization of the quasinormability of dense linear subspaces of quasinormable locally convex spaces and several consequences are given. Moreover, an example of a dense linear subspace of a countable direct sum of Banach spaces, which is not quasinormable, is provided. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Koplienko–Neidhardt trace formula for pairs of contraction operators and pairs of maximal dissipative operators
Authors: Marcantognini S. A. M. , Morán M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe present a generalization of Koplienko–Neidhardt trace formula for pairs of Hilbert space operators (T , V ) with T contractive and V unitary such that T – V is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. We extend the result to pairs of contractions and then, via Cayley transform, to pairs of maximal dissipative operators. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topological rigidity theorems for open Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Wang Qiaoling , Xia Changyu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this article, we study topology of complete non‐compact Riemannian manifolds. We show that a complete open manifold with quadratic curvature decay is diffeomorphic to a Euclidean n ‐space ℝn if it contains enough rays starting from the base point. We also show that a complete non‐compact n ‐dimensional Riemannian manifold M with nonnegative Ricci curvature and quadratic curvature decay is diffeomorphic to ℝn if the volumes of geodesic balls in M grow properly. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of a Model Unentangled Polymer Melt: Molecular Dynamics and Rouse Modes Analysis
Authors: Vladkov Mihail , Barrat Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we determine the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of a model polymer melt in the unentangled regime. Several approaches are compared for the computation of linear moduli and viscosity, including Green‐Kubo and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). An alternative approach, based on the use of the Rouse modes, is also discussed. This approach could be used to assess local viscoelastic properties in inhomogeneous systems. We also focus on the contributions of different interactions to the viscoelastic moduli and explain the microscopic mechanisms involved in the mechanical response of the melt to external solicitation.
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Sleep complaints and their relation with drug treatment in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gómez‐Esteban Juan Carlos , Zarranz Juan Jose , Lezcano Elena , Velasco Fernando , Ciordia Roberto , Rouco Idoia , Losada Jose , Bilbao Iker 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of this research was to quantify sleep problems in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease by means of the new Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and to correlate such problems with the possible influence of current drug treatment. A total of 70 patients (36 men and 34 women) with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were enrolled. Their mean age was 69.7 ± 8.2 years, and duration of disease was 7.4 ± 4.8 years. All patients completed the PDSS and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS Parts I–IV). Drug consumption and doses were registered. The mean score on the PDSS scale was 109.23 ± 19.75 and on the UPDRS III scale was 25.24 ± 11.35. The lowest scores were obtained in Item 3 (sleep fragmentation): 5.53 (2.46); and in Item 8 (nocturia): 5.75 (2.91). There was a weak correlation between the PDSS and UPDRS III (cc = −0.355,P= 0.003), PDSS and UPDRS I (cc = −0.272,P= 0.02), and PDSS and UPDRS IV (cc = −0.416,P< 0.001). Motor conditions, mental state, and drug complications influence sleep quality. Although this effect was significant, it was not of a great magnitude. Dopaminergic drugs did not increase daytime sleepiness. As a whole, sleep quality in patients who took dopaminergic agonists did not differ from that of patients who took levodopa in monotherapy. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Isolated high‐frequency jaw tremor relieved by botulinum toxin injections
Authors: Gonzalez‐Alegre Pedro , Kelkar Praful , Rodnitzky Robert L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractJaw tremor can be seen as a component of various neurological disorders such as essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, branchial myoclonus, hereditary geniospasm, task‐specific tremor, and Whipple's disease, as well as in normal situations such as shivering, and subclinical physiological jaw tremor. In most of these conditions, the jaw tremor is usually associated with tremor or other abnormal involuntary movements affecting additional body parts, and its frequency is lower than 12 Hz. Schrag and colleagues reported a patient with a high‐frequency idiopathic jaw tremor, and they speculated it could be related to orthostatic tremor affecting the masseter muscles. We encountered a similar patient with intermittent rapid focal jaw tremor that was successfully treated with botulinum toxin injections to the masseters. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of dystonia in Akita prefecture in Northern Japan
Authors: Sugawara Masashiro , Watanabe Sumio , Toyoshima Itaru 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence of dystonia in Akita Prefecture (population was 1,166,967 as of 1 November 2004). The prevalence of primary generalized and focal dystonia is estimated to be 0.68 and 14.4 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Blepharospasm is the most common primary dystonia in this area. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Product‐oriented flavor research: Learnings from the past, visions for the future
Authors: Krammer Gerhard E. , Weckerle Bernhard , Brennecke Stefan , Weber Berthold , Kindel Günter , Ley Jakob , Hilmer Jens‐Michael , Reinders Gerald , Stöckigt Detlef , Hammerschmidt Franz Josef , Ott Frank , Gatfield Ian , Schmidt Claus Oliver , Bertram Heinz‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the past flavor research and the development of new flavorings were constantly driven by the interaction of flavor analysis, structure elucidation, and chemical synthesis accompanied by sensory. Highly potent flavor compounds were identified in numerous food products and helped to establish a powerful toolbox for flavorists. Nowadays we experience the merging of various scientific disciplines, for example medicine, biology, chemistry, and various technologies in the field of flavor research, which shows direct impact on our understanding of flavors. At the same time modern life has profoundly changed our eating habits. This situation generates new challenges for product development teams, which represent all facets of technologies. This paper will illustrate different examples for the evolution of product‐oriented flavor research and future trends.
Anti‐human immunodeficiency virus activity of 3,4,5‐tricaffeoylquinic acid in cultured cells of lettuce leaves
Authors: Tamura Hirotoshi , Akioka Takashi , Ueno Koichi , Chujyo Takeshi , Okazaki Katsu‐ichiro , King Peter J. , Robinson W. Edward 
Published: April 2006

Abstract3,4,5–Tricaffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) that is not found in intact plant of lettuce leaves was isolated from the cultured cells. The intact plant produced chicoric acid (dicaffeoyl tartaric acid: L‐CCA) as well as chlorogenic acid (3‐caffeoylquinic acid: 3‐CQA) as the major metabolites. After subculturing of the cells for 40 days, the amount of 3,4,5‐TCQA reached to 0.14 mg/g fresh weight. The inhibitory effect of 3,4,5‐TCQA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type 1 integrase was assayed. Anti‐HIV activity using HIV and MT‐2 cells was 1.15 μM and IC50 against HIV integrase was 0.063 μM whereas cell toxicity of this chemical was expressed as 5% death of all living cells to be 18.4 μM. The HIV inhibitory effect of 3,4,5‐TCQA was the highest in values among L‐CCA, and other dicaffeoylquinic acids. This data will provide a new possibility for creating a new drug design for HIV.
Biological activities of malvidin, a red wine anthocyanidin
Authors: Fritz Jessica , Kern Melanie , Pahlke Gudrun , Vatter Sandra , Marko Doris 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMalvidin (mv) has been identified as a potential inhibitor of 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterases (PDE). This study was to investigate if, as a possible consequence of intracellular PDE inhibition, the activity of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is affected by mv treatment. At a concentration of 5 μM of mv a significant decrease of phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK, extracellular regulated kinase) in HT29 cells was observed. However, an increase in substance concentration led to a substantial recurrence of the phosphorylated enzymes. Cell cycle analysis underlined that indeed G1‐relevant targets are only marginally affected by mv. The recurrence of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and the lack of effectiveness on the G1‐passage up to 100 μM indicated that the inhibition of cAMP‐specific PDEs is of minor relevance for the growth‐inhibitory properties of mv in HT29 cells. In contrast, the release of cells, synchronised in the G2/M‐phase of the cell cycle by nocodazole treatment, was effectively blocked in the presence of 1 μM mv. These results suggest that mv interferes with cellular targets relevant for G2/M‐progression which have not been identified so far.
29Si–13C spin–spin couplings over Si–O–Carom link
Authors: Sýkora Jan , Blechta Vratislav , Sychrovský Vladimír , Hetflejš Jiří , Šabata Stanislav , Soukupová Ludmila , Schraml Jan 
Published: April 2006

Abstract29Si–13C couplings were measured in para substituted silylated phenols, XC6H4OSiR1R2R3(X 2, CF3, Cl, F, H, CH3, CH3O). The SiR1R2R3 silyl groups included trimethylsilyl (Si(CH3)3, TMS), tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (Si(CH3)2C(CH3)3, TBDMS), dimethylsilyl (SiH(CH3)2, DMS), and tert‐ butyldiphenylsilyl (Si(C6H5)2C(CH3)3, TBDPS). Previously developed (Si,C,Si)gHMQC methods and narrow 29Si lines allowed the determination of coupling constants over up to five bonds. Besides the number of intervening bonds between the silicon and carbon atoms, all the measurable couplings depend also on the nature of the substituents on the silicon. The two‐ and three‐bond couplings are not affected by ring substitution in the para position. These properties render the 29Si–13C couplings suitable for line assignment in the spectra of silylated polyphenols. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations. The calculations show, in agreement with the data reported in the literature for couplings between other nuclei, that the two‐bond and three‐bond couplings, which are of similar magnitudes, are of opposite signs. If the signs of these geminal and vicinal couplings could be determined experimentally, they would greatly facilitate the line assignment. The four‐ and five‐bond couplings are affected by the substituent X in a nontrivial manner. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inversion recovery radial MRI with interleaved projection sets
Authors: Peters Dana C. , Botnar René M. , Kissinger Kraig V. , Yeon Susan B. , Appelbaum Evan A. , Manning Warren J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe radial trajectory has found applications in cardiac imaging because of its resilience to undersampling and motion artifacts. Recent work has shown that interleaved and weighted radial imaging can produce images with multiple contrasts from a single data set. This feature was investigated for inversion recovery imaging of scar using a radial technique. The 2D radial imaging method was modified to acquire quadruply interleaved projection sets within each acquisition window of the cardiac cycle. These data were reconstructed using k‐space weightings that used a smaller segment of the acquisition window for the central k‐space data, the determinant of image contrast. This method generates four images with different T1 weightings. The novel approach was compared with noninterleaved radial imaging, interleaved radial without weightings, and Cartesian imaging in simulations, phantoms, and seven subjects with clinical myocardial infarction. The results show that during a typical acquisition window after an inversion pulse, magnetization changes rapidly. The interleaved acquisition provided better image quality than the noninterleaved radial acquisition. Interleaving with weighting provided better quality when the inversion time (TI) was shorter than optimal; otherwise, interleaving without weighting was superior. These methods enable a radial trajectory to be employed in conjunction with preparation pulses for viability imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.