bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mosaic Tetracycline Resistance Genes Are Widespread in Human and Animal Fecal Samples
Authors: Patterson Andrea J. , Rincon Marco T. , Flint Harry J. , Scott Karen P. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Mosaic tetracycline resistance genes comprising
tet
(O),
tet
(W), and
tet
(32) sequences were abundant in DNA extracted from pig and human fecal samples, accounting for 78% (50/64) and 46% (37/80) of genes amplified with a
tet
(O) primer set, respectively, in two samples. The nonmosaic
tet
(32) gene was isolated from a human saliva bacterium.
Two-Year Assessment of Entecavir Resistance in Lamivudine-Refractory Hepatitis B Virus Patients Reveals Different Clinical Outcomes Depending on the Resistance Substitutions Present
Authors: Tenney Daniel J. , Rose Ronald E. , Baldick Carl J. , Levine Steven M. , Pokornowski Kevin A. , Walsh Ann W. , Fang Jie , Yu Cheng-Fang , Zhang Sharon , Mazzucco Charles E. , Eggers Betsy , Hsu Mayla , Plym Mary Jane , Poundstone Patricia , Yang Joanna , Colonno Richard J. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT
Entecavir (ETV) is a deoxyguanosine analog approved for use for the treatment of chronic infection with wild-type and lamivudine-resistant (LVDr) hepatitis B virus (HBV). In LVD-refractory patients, 1.0 mg ETV suppressed HBV DNA levels to below the level of detection by PCR (<300 copies/ml) in 21% and 34% of patients by Weeks 48 and 96, respectively. Prior studies showed that virologic rebound due to ETV resistance (ETVr) required preexisting LVDr HBV reverse transcriptase substitutions M204V and L180M plus additional changes at T184, S202, or M250. To monitor for resistance, available isolates from 192 ETV-treated patients were sequenced, with phenotyping performed for all isolates with all emerging substitutions, in addition to isolates from all patients experiencing virologic rebounds. The T184, S202, or M250 substitution was found in LVDr HBV at baseline in 6% of patients and emerged in isolates from another 11/187 (6%) and 12/151 (8%) ETV-treated patients by Weeks 48 and 96, respectively. However, use of a more sensitive PCR assay detected many of the emerging changes at baseline, suggesting that they originated during LVD therapy. Only a subset of the changes in ETVr isolates altered their susceptibilities, and virtually all isolates were significantly replication impaired in vitro. Consequently, only 2/187 (1%) patients experienced ETVr rebounds in year 1, with an additional 14/151 (9%) patients experiencing ETVr rebounds in year 2. Isolates from all 16 patients with rebounds were LVDr and harbored the T184 and/or S202 change. Seventeen other novel substitutions emerged during ETV therapy, but none reduced the susceptibility to ETV or resulted in a rebound. In summary, ETV was effective in LVD-refractory patients, with resistant sequences arising from a subset of patients harboring preexisting LVDr/ETVr variants and with approximately half of the patients experiencing a virologic rebound.
Synergistic Activity of R207910 Combined with Pyrazinamide against Murine Tuberculosis
Authors: Ibrahim M. , Andries K. , Lounis N. , Chauffour A. , Truffot-Pernot C. , Jarlier V. , Veziris N. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

In previous studies, the diarylquinoline R207910 (also known as TMC207) was demonstrated to have high bactericidal activity when combined with first- or second-line antituberculous drugs. Here we extend the evaluation of R207910 in the curative model of murine tuberculosis by assessing the activities of one-, two-, and three-drug combinations containing R207910 and isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), or moxifloxacin (MXF) in the setting of a high initial bacillary load (7.2 log
10
CFU). Two months of treatment with the combinations R207910-PZA, R207910-PZA-INH, R207910-PZA-RIF, or R207910-PZA-MXF resulted in culture-negative lung homogenates in 70 to 100% of the mice, while mice treated with INH-RIF-PZA (the reference regimen) or RIF-MXF-PZA remained culture positive. Combinations including R207910 but not PZA (e.g., R207910-INH-RIF and R207910-MXF-RIF) were less active than R207910-PZA-containing regimens administered either alone or with the addition of INH, RIF, or MXF. These results reveal a synergistic interaction between R207910 and PZA. Three-drug combinations containing these two drugs and INH, RIF, or MXF have the potential to significantly shorten the treatment duration in patients, provided that these results can be confirmed in long-term experiments including periods of relapse.
Detection of a New SHV-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, SHV-31, in a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Strain Causing a Large Nosocomial Outbreak in The Netherlands
Authors: Mazzariol A. , Roelofsen E. , Koncan R. , Voss A. , Cornaglia G. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

A
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain resistant to third-generation cephalosporins was isolated in the eastern Netherlands. The strain was found to carry a novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase, namely, SHV-31. The combination of the two mutations by which SHV-31 differs from SHV-1, namely, L35Q and E240K, had previously only been described in association with one or more additional mutations.
Quinoline Derivative MC1626, a Putative GCN5 Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Inhibitor, Exhibits HAT-Independent Activity against
Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Smith Aaron T. , Livingston Meredith R. , Mai Antonello , Filetici Patrizia , Queener Sherry F. , Sullivan William J. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

We report that quinoline derivative MC1626, first described as an inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) GCN5, is active against the protozoan parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
in vitro. However, MC1626 does not inhibit
Toxoplasma
GCN5 HATs or reduce HAT-mediated activity; rather, this quinoline may target the plastid organelle called the apicoplast.
In Vitro Activities of Cloxyquin (5-Chloroquinolin-8-ol) against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Hongmanee Poonpilas , Rukseree Kamolchanok , Buabut Benjamas , Somsri Boontiwa , Palittapongarnpim Prasit 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

The in vitro activities of cloxyquin (5-chloroquinolin-8-ol) against 9 standard strains and 150 clinical isolates of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
were studied. The MICs ranged from 0.062 to 0.25 μg/ml. The MIC
50
and MIC
90
were 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. These indicate that cloxyquin exhibited good antituberculosis activity, even for multidrug-resistant isolates.
Expression of the
Yersinia enterocolitica
pYV-Encoded Type III Secretion System Is Modulated by Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Status
Authors: Pérez-Gutiérrez Camino , Llompart Catalina M. , Skurnik Mikael , Bengoechea José A. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

We show that the expression of a
Yersinia enterocolitica
O:8 pYV-encoded type III secretion system was altered in a rough mutant (YeO8-R) due to elevated levels of FlhDC. H-NS might underlie
flhDC
upregulation in YeO8-R, and the data suggest a relationship between the absence of O antigen and the expression of H-NS.
Pseudolipasin A Is a Specific Inhibitor for Phospholipase A
2
Activity of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Cytotoxin ExoU
Authors: Lee Vincent T. , Pukatzki Stefan , Sato Hiromi , Kikawada Eriya , Kazimirova Anastasia A. , Huang Jin , Li Xiaohua , Arm Jonathan P. , Frank Dara W. , Lory Stephen 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

A number of bacterial pathogens utilize the type III secretion pathway to deliver effector proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Certain strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
associated with acute infections express a potent cytotoxin, exoenzyme U (ExoU), that is delivered via the type III secretion pathway directly into contacting host cells. Once inside the mammalian cell, ExoU rapidly lyses the intoxicated cells via its phospholipase A
2
(PLA
2
) activity. A high-throughput cell-based assay was developed to screen libraries of compounds for those capable of protecting cells against the cytotoxic effects of ExoU. A number of compounds were identified in this screen, including one group that blocks the intracellular activity of ExoU. In addition, these compounds specifically inhibited the PLA
2
activity of ExoU in vitro, whereas eukaryotic secreted PLA
2
and cytosolic PLA
2
were not inhibited. This novel inhibitor of ExoU-specific PLA
2
activity, named pseudolipasin A, may provide a new lead for virulence factor-based therapeutic design.
c-Fos-Deficient Mice Are Susceptible to
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Infection
Authors: Maruyama Kenta , Sano Gen-ichiro , Ray Neelanjan , Takada Yasunari , Matsuo Koichi 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

c-Fos is a component of transcription factor AP-1. We show that macrophages lacking c-Fos exhibit enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, potentiated NF-κB phosphorylation, and increased cell death following
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium infection. Furthermore, mice lacking c-Fos are highly susceptible to infection, suggesting that c-Fos confers resistance to
Salmonella
infection in mice.
Chlamydia muridarumInfection Elicits a Beta Interferon Response in Murine Oviduct Epithelial Cells Dependent on Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and TRIF
Authors: Derbigny Wilbert A. , Hong Soon-Cheol , Kerr Micah S. , Temkit M'hamed , Johnson Raymond M. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatisis the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Utilizing cloned murine oviduct epithelial cell lines, we previously identified Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) as the principal epithelial pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for infection-triggered release of the acute inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The infected oviduct epithelial cell lines also secreted the immunomodulatory cytokine beta interferon (IFN-β) in a largely MyD88-independent manner. Although TLR3 was the only IFN-β production-capable TLR expressed by the oviduct cell lines, we were not able to determine whether TLR3 was responsible for IFN-β production because the epithelial cells were unresponsive to the TLR3 ligand poly(I-C), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques were ineffective at knocking down TLR3 expression. To further investigate the potential role of TLR3 in the infected epithelial cell secretion of IFN-β, we examined the roles of its downstream signaling molecules TRIF and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) using a dominant-negative TRIF molecule and siRNA specific for TRIF and IRF-3. Antagonism of either IRF-3 or TRIF signaling significantly decreased IFN-β production. These data implicate TLR3, or an unknown PRR utilizing TRIF, as the source of IFN-β production byChlamydia-infected oviduct epithelial cells.
Hydrodilatation (distension arthrography): a long-term clinical outcome series
Authors: Watson Lyn , Bialocerkowski Andrea , Dalziel Rodney , Balster Simon , Burke Frank , Finch Caroline 
Published: December 2006

Objectives:To describe and compare the medium to long-term effectiveness of hydrodilatation and post-hydrodilatation physiotherapy in patients with primary and secondary glenohumeral joint contracture associated with rotator cuff pathology.Methods:Patients with primary and secondary glenohumeral contractures associated with rotator cuff pathology were recruited into a 2-year study. They all underwent hydrodilatation, followed by a structured physiotherapy programme. Patients were assessed at baseline, 3 days, 1 week, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after hydrodilatation with primary outcome measures (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Shoulder Disability Index and percentage rating of “normal” function; SD%) and secondary outcome measures (range of shoulder abduction, external rotation and hand behind back). Comparisons in recovery were made between the primary and secondary glenohumeral contracture groups at all timeframes and for all outcome measures.Results:A total of 53 patients (23 with primary and 30 with secondary glenohumeral contractures) were recruited into the study. At the 2-year follow-up, 12 patients dropped out from the study. At baseline, the two contracture groups were similar with respect to their demographic and physical characteristics. The two groups of patients recovered in a similar fashion over the 2-year follow-up period. A significant improvement was observed in all outcomes measures over this period (p<0.01), so that both function and range of movement increased. The rate of improvement was dependent on the outcome measure that was used.Conclusions:Hydrodilatation and physiotherapy increase shoulder motion in individuals with primary and secondary glenohumeral joint contracture associated with rotator cuff pathology. This benefit continues to improve or is maintained in the long term, up to 2 years after hydrodilatation.
Higher plantar pressure on the medial side in four soccer-related movements
Authors: Wong Pui-lam , Chamari Karim , Mao De Wei , Wisløff Ulrik , Hong Youlian 
Published: December 2006

Objective:To measure the plantar pressure in four soccer-related movements in 15 male soccer players (mean (SD) age 20.9 (1.3) years, height 173 (4) cm, weight 61.7 (3.6) kg).Design:: To record plantar pressure distribution, the players wore soccer boots with 12 circular studs and with an insole pressure recorder device equipped with 99 sensors. Plantar pressure was recorded in five successful trials in each of the four soccer-related movements: running, sideward cutting, 45° cutting and landing from a vertical jump. Each footprint was divided into 10 recorded areas for analysis.Results:: Compared with running at 3.3 m/s, maximal speed sideward cutting and 45° cutting induced higher peak pressure (p<0.05) under the second toe, medial forefoot, medial arch and medial heel. The peak pressure of the maximal jump landing was lower under the medial forefoot and lateral forefoot as compared with running (p<0.05). The pressure–time integral showed that sideward cutting and 45° cutting induced higher pressures (p<0.05) than running for all recorded areas, except for the lateral forefoot and the lateral arch. In all the four soccer-related movements, a higher pressure was found on the medial side of the plantar surface as compared with the lateral side.Conclusions:: These data suggest that the medial side of the plantar surface may be more prone to injuries, and that foot orthosis adoption, improved soccer boot design and specific muscle training could be considered to reduce pressure and the subsequent risk of injury.
Validation of a field test to determine the maximal aerobic power in triathletes and endurance cyclists
Authors: González-Haro C , Galilea P A , Drobnic F , Escanero J F 
Published: December 2006

Objective:To validate a field test to assess the maximal and submaximal exercise aerobic adaptation under specific conditions, for endurance modality cyclists and triathletes.Methods:30 male and 4 female endurance modality cyclists and triathletes, with heterogeneous performance levels, performed three incremental tests: one in the laboratory and two in the field. Assessment of the validity of the field protocol was carried out by the Student’sttest, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the maximal variables (maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal aerobic power (MAP), maximal heart rate (HRmax), maximal blood lactate concentration ([La−]max) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and submaximal variables (heart rate, HR) measured in each one of the tests. The errors in measurement were calculated. The repeatability of the field tests was assessed by means of the test–retest of the two field tests, and the validity by means of the test–retest of the laboratory test with respect to the mean of the two field tests.Results:No significant differences were found between the two field tests for any of the variables studied, but differences did exist for some variables between the laboratory tests with respect to the field tests (MAP, [La−]max, humidity (H), barometric pressure (Pb) and some characteristics of the protocols). The ICC of all the variables was high and the CV for the MAP was small. Furthermore, the measurement errors were small and therefore, assumable.Conclusions:The incremental protocol of the proposed field test turned out to be valid to assess the maximal and submaximal aerobic adaptation.
The additional value of a night splint to eccentric exercises in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: de Vos R J , Weir A , Visser R J A , de Winter ThC , Tol J L 
Published: December 2006

Aim:To assess whether the use of a night splint is of added benefit on functional outcome in treating chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.Methods:This was a single-blind, prospective, single centre, randomised controlled trial set in the Sports Medical Department, The Hague Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Inclusion criteria were: age 18–70 years, active participation in sports, and tendon pain localised at 2–7 cm from distal insertion. Exclusion criteria were: insertional disorders, partial or complete ruptures, or systemic illness. 70 tendons were included and randomised into one of two treatment groups: eccentric exercises with a night splint (night splint group, n = 36) or eccentric exercises only (eccentric group, n = 34).Interventions:Both groups completed a 12-week heavy-load eccentric training programme. One group received a night splint in addition to eccentric exercises. At baseline and follow-up at 12 weeks, patient satisfaction, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles questionnaire (VISA-A) score and reported compliance were recorded by a single-blind trained researcher who was blinded to the treatment.Results:After 12 weeks, patient satisfaction in the eccentric group was 63% compared with 48% in the night splint group. The VISA-A score significantly improved in both groups; in the eccentric group from 50.1 to 68.8 (p = 0.001) and in the night splint group from 49.4 to 67.0 (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in VISA-A score (p = 0.815) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.261).Conclusion:A night splint is not beneficial in addition to eccentric exercises in the treatment of chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.
THE TOPOLOGY OF T-DUALITY FOR Tn-BUNDLES
Authors: BUNKE ULRICH , RUMPF PHILIPP , SCHICK THOMAS 
Published: December 2006

In string theory, the concept of T-duality between two principal Tn-bundles E and Ê over the same base space B, together with cohomology classes h ∈ H3(E,ℤ) and ĥ ∈ H3(Ê,ℤ), has been introduced. One of the main virtues of T-duality is that h-twisted K-theory of E is isomorphic to ĥ-twisted K-theory of Ê. In this paper, a new, very topological concept of T-duality is introduced. We construct a classifying space for pairs as above with additional "dualizing data", with a forgetful map to the classifying space for pairs (also constructed in the paper). On the first classifying space, we have an involution which corresponds to passage to the dual pair, i.e. to each pair with dualizing data exists a well defined dual pair (with dualizing data). We show that a pair (E, h) can be lifted to a pair with dualizing data if and only if h belongs to the second step of the Leray–Serre filtration of E (i.e. not always), and that in general many different lifts exist, with topologically different dual bundles. We establish several properties of the T-dual pairs. In particular, we prove a T-duality isomorphism of degree -n for twisted K-theory.
V.—Note on the occurrence of Scorodite, Pharmacosiderite and Olivenite in Greenstone at Terras Mine, St. Stephens
Authors: Collins J. H. 
Published: December 2006

At Terras mine there is an interesting junction of a well-marked tin-bearing elvan, whose course is about north and south, with a bed of greenstone, whose general bearing is nearly east and west. Near the junction, a few years since, a shaft was sunk 40 fathoms deep for the purpose of working a tin lode which was believed to cross the elvan just refered to at that point. At a depth of about 10 fathoms the bed of greenstone was met with, and it continued for 6 fathoms in depth in a very hard state, but from thence to the bottom of shaft it was much softer.The rock is one of the hardest and toughest I have ever come across. Ordinarily it is composed of a fine-grained mixture of hornblende and silica, but it contains numerous narrow cavities or partial fissures, which near the shaft in question are often studded over or lined with small crystals of the three arseniates mentioned above.
III.—Remarks on the “Principle of least paste, as regulating the Crystallization of Fused Rocks”
Authors: Haughton Samuel 
Published: December 2006

I have been lately examining in conjunction with Prof. Hull a a large series of lavas from Vesuvius, which were collected by Prof. Ouiscardi, of the University of Naples, with a view of determining whether, in the space of 300 years, any difference had occurred in the composition of the lava flow. In the course of this investigation a much more important question arose, viz. :—What is the proportion of each mineral present in the lava, and why does that proportion exist ?The rock is composed of unknown quantities of nine minerals, of known composition viz.: Leucite, Plagioclase, Magnetite, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Mica, Nephcline, and Sodalite, together with an unknown quantity of a paste of unknown composition; from which it is easy to shew that the unknown quantities exceed the number of equations; and consequently, the discussion of the composition of the rock belongs to a branch of the Indeterminate Analysis.
VI.—Note on a mineral from New South Wales, presumed to be Laumontite
Authors: Liversidge Archibald 
Published: December 2006

This mineral was first observed by Mr. C. E. Wilkinson, the Government Geologist, and obtained by him from a cutting on the Bathurst Road, near the Cox River.It occurs as small irregular veins, of a pleasing salmon eolour, running through a soft bluish grey shale, the veins together with the included plates of shale are sometimes six inches thick, but usually smaller; the actual veins of the mineral itself being only about one eighth of an inch thick. Some difficulty was on this account experienced in obtaining sufficient of the sample pure enough for analysis.The mineral appears to be partially crystallized, nothing definite could be made out, but some of the confused crystals had somewhat the appearance of rhombic prisms. It apparently cleaves parallel to the long axis, and lies perfectly at right angles to it.
I.—The Val d'Anniviers
Authors: Hall Marshall 
Published: December 2006

I have when travelling, so often wished for some little indication of the scientific features of the country, beyond the meagre information of the guide book, that it occurs to me to suggest collaboration amongst mineralogists for mutual information.With a view to this, could we not agree to take some localities and work out their details, spending our holidays in un-hackneyed districts, at quiet inns and in fresh air, each reporting his results succinctly in the Mineralogical Magazine, with a sketch map where wanted ?As a little-worked-out place, I for my part nominate the Val d' Anniviers or Einfischthal, leading from the town of Sierre, in the valley of the Rhone, at nearly right angles to it, into the very heart of some of the suhlimest scenery of the Swiss Alps, and, as it will be seen, affording great facilities for meteorological, botanical, geological and mineralogical studies, economical quarters, warmhearted people, and excursions and scrambles of every grade of length and difficulty.