bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of prostaglandins and bromocriptine mesylate for pregnancy termination in bitches
Authors: Gobello Cristina , Castex Gervasio , Corrada Yanina , Klima Liliana , de la Sota Rodolfo L. , Rodríguez Raúl 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To assess the efficacy and safety of 2 protocols using bromocriptine mesylate and prostaglandins to terminate unwanted pregnancy in bitches.Design—Prospective randomized single-blind controlled study.Animals—34 crossbred and purebred bitches referred for possible pregnancy termination. Seven additional pregnant bitches were used as controls.Procedure—Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasonographic examination from day 25 after mating in all bitches. Of the 34 bitches, 25 were pregnant and were randomly allocated to a treatment group. Group- 1 dogs (n = 12) received a combination of increasing amounts of bromocriptine mesylate (15 to 30 µg/kg [6.8 to 13.6 µg/lb], PO, q 12 h) and dinoprost tromethamine (0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg [0.045 to 0.09 mg/lb], SC, q 24 h). Group-2 dogs (n =13) received a combination of increasing amounts of bromocriptine mesylate (the same schedule as group-1 dogs) and cloprostenol sodium (1 µg/kg [0.45 µg/lb], SC, q 48 h). Both groups were treated until pregnancy termination.Results—Treatment success was 100% in both groups. Days of treatment required for pregnancy termination did not significantly differ between groups (5.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.7 ± 0.6 days, group-1 and group-2 dogs, respectively) although adverse effects only developed in group-1 dogs. At the end of the protocols, pseudopregnancy was observed in 3 of 12 and 6 of 13 group-1 and group-2 dogs, respectively. Pregnancy termination was followed by a mucoid sanguineous vulvar discharge for 3 to 10 days.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicate that protocols that combine the use of bromocriptine mesylate and prostaglandins for the termination of unwanted pregnancy in bitches are efficient and safe. The use of bromocriptine mesylate and cloprostenol had the best results and could be easily used on an outpatient basis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1017–1019)
Evaluation of a cranial arthroscopic approach to the stifle joint for the treatment of femorotibial joint disease in horses: 23 cases (1998–1999)
Authors: Peroni John F. , Stick John A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe a single-portal cranial arthroscopic approach to the stifle joint in horses and to determine the clinical outcome in horses with femorotibial joint disease in which this approach was used.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—23 adult horses.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on clinical outcome in horses in which the single-portal cranial arthroscopic approach was used.Results—Twenty-nine stifle joints of 23 horses were examined arthroscopically, using the described approach. Subchondral bone cysts were treated in 19 medial femoral condyles of 12 horses. Unilateral cruciate ligament desmitis (4 horses), meniscal tearing (3), or both (2) were identified in 9 horses. Evidence of degenerative joint disease without cystic lesions or soft tissue trauma was found in 2 horses. Information on clinical outcome was obtained for 21 of 23 horses. A successful outcome was obtained in 15 of 21 horses and was defined as return to sound performance at a degree equal to or better than that prior to injury and lameness. Eight of 12 horses treated for medial femoral condylar cysts had a successful outcome. Four show horses treated for cruciate ligament lesions alone successfully returned to showing activity. None of the 3 horses with meniscal tearing were able to perform successfully.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The femorotibial joint was evaluated through a single-portal cranial arthroscopic approach, using the femoropatellar joint as the point of access. This approach was easy to perform, allowed controlled access to the femorotibial joint, avoided accidental damage to articular structures, and required fewer access portals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220: 1046–1052)
Clinical findings associated with prairie rattlesnake bites in dogs: 100 cases (1989–1998)
Authors: Hackett Tim B. , Wingfield Wayne E. , Mazzaferro Elisa M. , Benedetti Joanna S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify clinically relevant variables and treatments for dogs bitten by prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—100 client-owned dogs.Procedure—Records of dogs evaluated for rattlesnake envenomation from 1989 to 1998 were reviewed. Analysis was performed to test for significant associations among clinical variables or treatments and cell counts, costs, and duration of hospitalization.Results—Most prairie rattlesnake bites occurred between May and September. Dogs were 3 months to 12 years old (median, 3.7 years); most were bitten on the head in the late afternoon. There was no sex predilection. Median time to evaluation was 1 hour (range, 15 minutes to 13 hours). Swelling in the area of the bite was the primary physical abnormality. Principal initial laboratory findings were echinocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and prolonged activated clotting time. Ninety-four dogs were hospitalized; 48 were discharged the following day. Antimicrobials and crystalloid fluids, glucocorticoids, antihistamines, and antivenin administered IV were the most commonly used treatments. One dog died, and small dogs were hospitalized longer than large dogs. Antivenin administration was not significantly associated with duration of hospitalization but was associated with higher platelet counts after treatment and higher total hospital costs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prairie rattlesnake envenomation in dogs is associated with high morbidity rate but low mortality rate. The efficacy of administration of antivenin for dogs with bites from this snake species is questionable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1675–1680)
Association between the strength of serologic recognition of bovine leukosis virus and lymphocyte count in bovine leukosis virus-infected cows
Authors: Nagy Dusty W. , Tyler Jeff W. , Stoker Aaron , Kleiboeker Steven B. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether strength of serologic
recognition of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) by use
of ELISA is associated with blood lymphocyte counts.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—161 cows with positive results of ELISA
for BLV.

Procedure—Sample-to-positive ratio (S:P), which is
the ratio between the test sample and a positive control
sample, was compared among lymphocytotic and
nonlymphocytotic cows. A regression model was
constructed to evaluate the association between
blood lymphocyte concentration and S:P, age, and the
interaction of these terms.

Results—Mean S:P differed significantly between
lymphocytotic (2.58 ± 0.36) and nonlymphocytotic
(2.38 ± 0.39) cows. Age and S:P were significantly
associated with lymphocyte count.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sample-topositive
ratio and lymphocyte count were related;
however, cows with high S:P were not always lymphocytotic.
Culling cows on the basis of S:P will
reduce the herd load of infectious virus faster than
random culling of ELISA-positive cows; however,
culling on the basis of lymphocyte count will eliminate
a greater proportion of the reservoir of infection.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1681–1684)
Effects of administration of antimicrobials in feed on growth rate and feed efficiency of pigs in multisite production systems
Authors: Dritz Steve S. , Tokach Michael D. , Goodband Robert D. , Nelssen Jim L. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate effect of various regimens
for administration of antimicrobials in feed on growth
rate and feed efficiency (feed/gain) of pigs in multisite
production systems.

Design—Controlled trial.

Animals—24,099 growing pigs in 3 multisite production
systems.

Procedure—10 trials involving various regimens for
administration of antimicrobials in feed were evaluated.
Trial 1 compared effects of 2 antimicrobial regimens
on finishing pig performance. Trials 2 through
10 compared growth rate and feed efficiency of nursery
and finishing pigs given antimicrobials in feed
with values for control pigs not given antimicrobials.

Results—In trial 1, no significant differences were
observed between the 2 antimicrobial regimens. In
the remaining trials, growth rate of nursery pigs fed
antimicrobials was significantly improved, compared
with growth rate of control pigs. However, growth
rate of finishing pigs and feed efficiency of nursery
and finishing pigs were not significantly improved by
adding antimicrobials to the feed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that use of antimicrobials in the feed to promote
growth should be limited to the nursery phase in multisite
pig production systems. Use of antimicrobials in
the feed of finishing pigs should be limited to therapeutic
applications in which a diagnosis of bacterial
infection susceptible to the antimicrobial to be used
has been confirmed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2002;220:1690–1695)
Perceptions of state public health officers and state veterinarians regarding risks of bioterrorism in the United States
Authors: Tharratt R. Steven , Case James T. , Hird David W. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To assess perceptions of state public
health officers and state veterinarians in the United
States regarding the risks of bioterrorism and determine
the degree of support provided for activities
related to bioterrorism.

Design—Cross-sectional survey.

Sample Population—State public health officers and
state veterinarians.

Procedure—A questionnaire was sent between April
and June 2001 to the state public health officer and
state veterinarian in each of the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.

Results—Perceptions of the risk of bioterrorism attacks
were similar for state public health officers and state veterinarians.
Veterinarians perceived the risks associated
with foot-and-mouth disease and Newcastle disease to
be higher than did physicians. State veterinarians perceived
the risks associated with an anthrax hoax, brucellosis,
and ricin toxicosis to be lower than did state
public health officers. Risk posed by agents that affected
animals exclusively was perceived to be higher than
risk posed by agents that affected humans exclusively
and zoonotic agents. Number of full-time-equivalent
positions devoted to bioterrorism surveillance and percentage
of the budget devoted to bioterrorism activities
were significantly lower for offices run by state veterinarians
than for offices run by state public health officers.
State veterinarians were significantly less likely to
be aware of actual bioterrorism incidents within their
state or district than were state public health officers.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Provision of additional
resources to state veterinarians and explicit integration
of their expertise and surveillance capabilities
may be important to effectively mitigate the risk of bioterrorism.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1782–1787)
Evaluation of treatment with doxorubicin and piroxicam or doxorubicin alone for multicentric lymphoma in dogs
Authors: Mutsaers Anthony J. , Glickman Nita W. , DeNicola Dennis B. , Widmer William R. , Bonney Patty L. , Hahn Kevin A. , Knapp Deborah W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the antitumor and toxic effects of treatment with doxorubicin combined with piroxicam or doxorubicin alone for multicentric lymphoma in dogs.Design—Nonrandomized clinical trial.Animals—75 dogs with multicentric lymphoma.Procedure—33 dogs were treated with doxorubicin (30 mg/m2, IV, q 21 d, for 3 doses) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h); results were compared with a historical control group of 42 dogs treated with doxorubicin (30 mg/m2, IV, q 21 d, for 3 doses) alone.Results—The percentages of dogs that had remission with doxorubicin-piroxicam treatment (79%) or doxorubicin treatment alone (74%) were not significantly different. Median duration of first remission was 130 days with doxorubicin-piroxicam and 147 days with doxorubicin alone; these values were not significantly different. Severe toxicosis was observed in 22% of dogs treated with doxorubicin-piroxicam and 17% of dogs treated with doxorubicin alone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both treatment protocols were efficacious and well tolerated. The doxorubicin-piroxicam treatment was no more effective regarding response rate, remission duration, or survival duration, compared with the control group treated with doxorubicin alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1813–1817)
Evaluation of tension obtained by use of three knots for tying cerclage wires by surgeons of various abilities and experience
Authors: Roe Simon C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To compare tension of 3 cerclage wire
knots tied by surgeons of various abilities and experience.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Sample Population—Participants and faculty at a
postgraduate course in veterinary orthopedics.

Procedure—Subjects tied a cerclage of their choice
on an instrumented tying stand that displayed the
tension on a computer. Mean tensions in cerclage
wires tied with twist, single loop, or double loop
knots were compared. The relationship between level
of surgeon experience and tension achieved was
examined.

Results—29 twist, 30 single loop, and 16 double loop
wires were analyzed. Mean ± SD tension for twist
knots was significantly less than for single loop knots
(82.3 ± 46.1 vs 166.6 ± 42.2 N, respectively). Double
loop knots achieved significantly greater tension
(392.0 ± 116.6 N) than twist and single loop knots did,
even though few participants had ever tied this knot
previously. There was no correlation with experience
of the participant. For twist knots, wiggling the wire
during cutting and pushing the twist over to flatten it
to the bone further reduced tension.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cerclage
applied with a twist knot does not compress fracture
fragments as effectively as cerclage applied with single
loop or double loop techniques. Because greater
compression of fragments will improve the stability of
a fracture, a surgeon should strive to maximize the
tension in the cerclage that they use. Experience and
abilities of the surgeon are not associated with ability
to tie cerclage wires tightly. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2002;220:334–336)
Comparative efficacy of an injectable vaccine and an intranasal vaccine in stimulating Bordetella bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses in seropositive dogs
Authors: Ellis John A. , Krakowka G. Steven , Dayton Arthur D. , Konoby Carrie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare antibody responses to intranasal and SCBordetella bronchisepticavaccines in seropositive dogs.Design—Randomized controlled study.Animals—40 young adult Beagles vaccinated againstB bronchiseptica.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (intranasal vaccine, SC vaccine, intranasal and SC vaccines, no vaccine) and vaccinated on day 0. Serum and salivaryB bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses were measured on days 0 through 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28.Results—Dogs that were vaccinated with the SC vaccine, alone or in combination with the intranasal vaccine, had a significant increase in serum concentration ofB bronchiseptica-reactive IgG beginning on day 5 and persisting through day 28. Dogs that were vaccinated with the intranasal vaccine alone had a significant increase in serum concentration ofB bronchiseptica- reactive IgG beginning on day 10 and persisting through day 28, but serum IgG concentration in these dogs was significantly less than concentration in dogs that received the SC vaccine. Neither vaccine had a demonstrable effect on salivary concentrations ofB bronchiseptica-reactive IgA or IgG. On day 10, all vaccinated groups had significantly higher serum IgA concentrations than did unvaccinated control dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the SCB bronchisepticavaccine may be used to stimulate antibody responses in seropositive dogs. There was no apparent benefit to administering these vaccines simultaneously. Intranasal vaccines may not be effective for booster vaccination of dogs previously exposed to or immunized againstB bronchiseptica. Dogs should be vaccinated at least 5 days prior to exposure toB bronchiseptica. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:43–48)
Evaluation of a commercially available hyperimmune plasma product for prevention of naturally acquired pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals
Authors: Giguère Steeve , Gaskin Jack M. , Miller Corey , Bowman James L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine efficacy of a commercially available hyperimmune plasma product for prevention of naturally acquired pneumonia caused byRhodococcus equiinfoals.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—165 foals.Procedure—Foals were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (hyperimmune plasma or nontreated controls). Foals with failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunity were treated with hyperimmune plasma and evaluated as a third group. Foals that received plasma were given 950 ml between 1 and 10 days of age and between 30 and 50 days of age. A tracheobronchial aspirate was obtained from foals with clinical signs of respiratory tract disease for bacteriologic culture.Results—A significant difference in incidence of pneumonia caused byR equiin foals with adequate passive transfer was not detected between foals that received plasma (19.1%) and nontreated foals (30%). Of 13 foals without FPT that received plasma and developed pneumonia caused byR equi, 12 developed disease prior to administration of the second dose of hyperimmune plasma. Incidence of undifferentiated pneumonia of all causes was not different between groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Intravenous administration of the commercially available hyperimmune plasma was safe, and the product contained high concentrations of anti-R equiantibodies. However, within this limited foal population, the difference in incidence of pneumonia caused byR equiobserved between foals that received plasma and control foals was not significant. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:59–63)
Prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella spp in dairy herds
Authors: Huston Carla L. , Wittum Thomas E. , Love Brenda C. , Keen James E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To estimate prevalence ofSalmonellaspp in Ohio dairy farms and to identify potential risk factors for fecal shedding of salmonellae.Design—Cross-sectional study.Sample Population—105 Ohio dairy farms.Procedure—Individual fecal samples from all mature cows in study herds were tested forSalmonellaspp by use of standard bacteriologic culture procedures. Herds were identified as infected if at least 1 cow was sheddingSalmonellaspp. Information regarding herd characteristics, management practices, and health history were collected. Potential risk factors for herd-levelSalmonellainfection were identified.Results—In 31% of the study herds (95% confidence interval, 22 to 40%), at least 1 cow was sheddingSalmonellaspp. Six percent of 7,776 fecal samples containedSalmonellaorganisms; prevalence within infected herds ranged from < 1 to 97%. Herd size, use of free stalls for lactating and nonlactating cows, and use of straw bedding in nonlactating cows were significantly associated with fecal shedding ofSalmonellaspp, as determined by use of univariate analysis . By use of multivariate analysis, large herds were more likely to be infected than smaller herds; however, no other factors were associated withSalmonellainfection after adjustment for herd size.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Subclinical shedding ofSalmonellaspp is common in Ohio dairy herds, although we could not identify specific interventions that may influence the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp on dairy farms. It appears that large herd size and intensive management may provide an environment conducive toSalmonellashedding and chronic dairy herd infection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:645–649)
Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cervids on privately owned ranches
Authors: Kaneene John B. , VanderKlok Michael , Bruning-Fann Colleen S. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Whipple Diana L. , Schmitt Stephen M. , Miller RoseAnn 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine prevalence of tuberculosis
caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis in
cervids on privately owned ranches in northeastern
lower Michigan.

Design—Epidemiologic survey.

Animals—Cervids on 96 privately owned ranches.

Procedures—A combination of slaughter and skin
tuberculin testing was used to collect data. Infection
with M bovis was confirmed by use of standard
necropsy and bacteriologic culture techniques.

Results—Cervids with tuberculosis were detected
on 1 of the 96 ranches. The apparent prevalence of
tuberculosis in cervids from the 96 ranches was 1.1
cases/100 cervids (21 cases/1,867 cervids tested).
For the ranch with infected cervids, prevalence of
infection with M bovis was 12.1 cases/100 cervids
(21 cases/174 cervids tested). No obvious gross
lesions were seen in 8 of 21 white-tailed deer and 1
coyote with culture-confirmed M bovis infection.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The lack of
visible lesions in a substantial proportion of infected
animals should be taken into consideration in studies
involving detection and prevalence of tuberculosis. (J
Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:656–659)
Characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from foals with diarrhea: 28 cases (1993–1997)
Authors: Magdesian K. Gary , Hirsh Dwight C. , Jang Spencer S. , Hansen Lori M. , Madigan John E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine molecular characteristics ofClostridium difficileisolates from foals with diarrhea and identify clinical abnormalities in affected foals.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—28 foals withC difficile-associated diarrhea.Procedure—Toxigenicity, molecular fingerprinting, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined. Information on signalment, clinical findings, results of clinicopathologic testing, whether antimicrobials had been administered prior to development of diarrhea, and outcome was obtained from the medical records.Results—Twenty-three (82%) foals survived. Toxin A and B gene sequences were detected in isolates from 24 of 27 foals, whereas the toxin B gene alone was detected in the isolate from 1 foal. Results of an ELISA for toxin A were positive for fecal samples from only 8 of 20 (40%) foals. Ten of 23 (43%) isolates were resistant to metronidazole. Molecular fingerprinting revealed marked heterogeneity among isolates, except for the metronidazole-resistant isolates. Sixteen foals had tachypnea. Hematologic abnormalities were indicative of inflammation. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, azotemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperglycemia, and high enzyme activities. Passive transfer of maternal antibodies was adequate in all 12 foals evaluated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a large percentage ofC difficileisolates from foals with diarrhea will have the toxin A and B gene sequences. Because of the possibility that isolates will be resistant to metronidazole, susceptibility testing is warranted.Clostridium difficileisolates from foals may have a substantial amount of molecular heterogeneity. Clinical and hematologic findings in affected foals are similar to those for foals with diarrhea caused by other pathogens. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:67–73)