bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q fever serologic surveillance program for sheep and goats at a research animal facility
Authors: Singh Suraj B. , Lang C. Max 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Since Q fever is a potential risk to personnel working with small ruminants, the serologic status of sheep and goats received at a medical school animal facility for research was evaluated. A total of 104 sheep and 102 goats were subjected to blood sample-collection procedures on arrival,, as well as after a 2-week quarantine period, and the sera were tested for Q fever specific antibodies by complement-fixation (cf) and microagglutination (ma) tests. The results from the 2 tests were compared and analyzed for seroconversion. On the basis of the cf test, 14 sheep and 3 goats were considered positive; these included 7 sheep and 2 goats that seroconverted during the quarantine period. In contrast, 1 sheep and 5 goats were found positive by the ma test, which also detected seroconversion of 1 sheep and 1 goat. The use of both tests for serologic surveillance of Q fever in sheep and goats increased the likelihood of detection. Management safety practices are also required to minimize the risk of disease transmission.
Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages by soluble extracts of virulent Brucella abortus
Authors: Frenchick Patrick J. , Markham R. J. Frederick , Cochrane Annette H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Water extracts of virulent Brucella abortus were able to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in unelicited murine peritoneal macrophages following ingestion of yeast. Extracts from an avirulent strain were unable to produce a similar effect. Lipopolysaccharide from B abortus did not appear to be involved with the ability of the extracts to inhibit fusion.
Alleviation of excessive gas accumulation in the ruminant stomach by ritanserin
Authors: Ruckebusch Y. , Ooms L. A. A. , Degryse Anne-D. , Allal Ch. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The relationships between forestomach motility and eructation rate were studied in sheep and cattle. Three ewes and 2 heifers were implanted with strain gauges on the reticulo-rumen and fitted with a cannula in the dorsal sac of the rumen. Studies were performed in sheep after induction of hypocalcemia by Na2EDTA infusion and cattle were studied after ruminal distension. Experiments were performed by measuring the rate and volume of eructated ruminal gases, using a technique by which the trachea is transected.
The frequency of reticulo-ruminal contractions decreased 40% within 30 minutes of Na2EDTA infusion to the sheep. The volume of eructated gas (for 30-minute periods) decreased from 10.7 L to 5.5 L at the end of the 60-minute infusion period. Pretreatment with ritanserin (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) not only prevented bloating during the ruminal stasis induced by hypocalcemia, but also significantly increased the eructated volume of gas.
In cattle, ritanserin given at the same dose level (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) significantly increased the volume of eructated gas after ruminal distension.
This study supports the hypothesis that the caudal esophageal sphincter has a role in the rate of ruminal gas eructation and indicates that its relaxation may be due to a 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist.
Poikilocytosis in dogs with chronic doxorubicin toxicosis
Authors: Badylak Stephen F. , Van Vleet John F. , Herman Eugene H. , Ferrans Victor J. , Myers Charles E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Peripheral blood smears made during 2 studies of chemical antidotes for doxorubicin (drb) cardiotoxicity in dogs were examined to determine the incidence of poikilocytosis. The 1st study had significantly (P < 0.05) increased numbers of poikilocytes in 3 groups of 5 dogs, each treated with drb alone, drb plus thyroxine (0.5 mg/day), and drb plus thyroxine (2.0 mg/day), respectively, compared with 1 group of 5 dogs treated with thyroxine alone (2.0 mg/day). In addition, the drb-treated dogs had regenerative anemia characterized by an increased reticulocyte index. The 2nd study had a significant (P < 0.05) increase in poikilocytes in 4 groups of 6 dogs, each treated with drb alone, drb plus ± -1,2-bis(3-5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl; icrf-187), drb plus N-acetylcysteine (nac), and drb plus icrf-187 plus nac, respectively, compared with 4 groups of 3 dogs, each treated with icrf-187 plus saline solution (ss), nac plus ss, icrf-187 plus nac plus ss, and ss alone, respectively. In both studies, the poikilocytes were identified as echinocytes, spiculated erythrocytes, and schizocytes. Administration of thyroxine and icrf-187 did not prevent the occurrence of poikilocytosis in drb-treated dogs. Administration of nac with drb resulted in a mild decrease in the extent of poikilocytosis compared with that observed in dogs given drb alone. The hematologic changes observed in both studies were not accompanied by adverse clinical signs referable to the drb-induced alterations in erythrocytes.
Experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in conventional calves: Light microscopic lesions, microbiology, and studies on lavaged lung cells
Authors: Castleman W. L. , Lay J. C. , Dubovi E. J. , Slauson D. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Conventionally raised male Holstein calves, 1 month of age, were infected by intranasal and intratracheal inoculation with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Viral antigen was identified by fluorescence microscopy most commonly in the cytoplasm of tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells 3 to 5 days after inoculation. Cytoplasmic viral antigen was identified also in nasal, nasopharyngeal, bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelial cells and in alveolar macrophages. Bronchitis and tracheitis, characterized in part by epithelial necrosis, formation of syncytial epithelial cells and epithelial hyperplasia, were the most common lesions observed histologically. Rhinitis, bronchiolitis, and interstitial pneumonia were observed less frequently. Alterations were not detected in the numbers of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage after inoculation. An increase in the phagocytic rate of latex beads occurred in macrophages 5 days after inoculation. Viral-induced lesions were resolved by 30 days after inoculation. The results indicated that bovine respiratory syncytial virus inoculation of calves results in reversible alterations in airway epithelial structure and in the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages.
Severe clinical disease induced in cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus by superinfection with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Bolin S. R. , McClurkin A. W. , Cutlip R. C. , Coria M. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight healthy cattle that were persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were inoculated with cell culture fluids that contained noncytopathic or cytopathic bvdv. A severe disease occurred after inoculation with cytopathic bvdv. The clinical signs, lesions, and immune response were consistent with those of clinical bvdv infections.
Effects of experimentally induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin in the calf
Authors: Burrows G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pneumonic pasteurellosis was produced experimentally in 3- to 4-month-old Holstein bull calves by bilateral intrapulmonary administration of 5 × 107 to 109 colony-forming units of Pasteurella haemolytica. Of 8 calves, 4 developed minor pulmonary changes, 1 died of an apparent bacteremia within 24 hours, and 3 developed extensive pneumonic changes. At 1 week before (1 dose) and at 48, 60, and 72 hours (3 doses) after Pasteurella administration, the calves were given erythromycin at a dosage of 15 mg/kg, and the pharmacokinetic values were determined. There were statistically (P ≤ 0.05) significant increases in the distribution and elimination rates associated with pneumonia. The elimination half life decreased from 132.7 ± 9.6 minutes in prepneumonic calves to 111.1 ± 13.8 minutes and 99.7 ± 2.6 minutes in calves with minor and with moderate pneumonic changes, respectively. There also was a decrease in apparent volume of distribution with pneumonia. Erythromycin tissue concentrations were determined 2 hours after the last dose was given to the calves with pneumonia. Tissue concentrations in the pneumonic lung areas were as high or higher than those in nonaffected lung tissues in the same animals. Because of the increased rate of elimination from serum in pneumonic calves, it may be advisable to use shorter dosage intervals in calves with severe respiratory tract disease.
Blood from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle: Antigen production correlated with infectivity
Authors: Miller L. D. , Miller J. M. , Van Der Maaten M. J. , Schmerr M. J. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leukocytes from 1 ml of blood from cattle seropositive to the bovine leukemia virus were cultured for 3 days and then tested by radioimmunoassay for antigen production. Infectivity of blood from each animal was also tested by calf inoculation and subsequent serologic detection of bovine leukemia virus transmission by agar-gel immunodiffusion. In a preliminary experiment, blood from each of 3 antigen-positive cattle was inoculated intracutaneously into 2 calves in volumes of 20 or 100 μl. Blood from each of 4 antigen-negative cattle was similarly inoculated into 3 calves in volumes of 20, 100, or 500 μl. At the termination of the experiment (8 weeks after inoculation), all 6 calves given blood from antigen-positive cattle had seroconverted, and 11 of 12 calves given blood from antigen-negative cattle had seroconverted.
In a 2nd experiment, blood from each of 2 antigen-positive and 2 antigen-negative cattle was inoculated into pairs of calves in volumes of 1, 10, or 20 μl. At the end of the experiment (12 weeks after inoculation), all calves inoculated with blood from antigen-positive cattle had seroconverted, but only 6 of 12 calves that had been given blood from antigen-negative cattle had seroconverted. The relative infectivity of blood was best illustrated by comparing results from the 1-μl inoculations. At that volume, the 4 calves given blood from antigen-positive cattle were infected, whereas none of 4 calves given blood from antigen-negative cattle was infected.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: Subconjunctival administration of a Moraxella bovis pilus preparation enhances immunogenicity
Authors: Pugh Geogge W. , Kopecky Kenneth E. , McDonald Timothy J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To compare the immune response elicited by 3 routes of vaccination, 36 calves were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 9 calves each. Group I was vaccinated subconjunctivally only. Group II was vaccinated concomitantly, both subconjunctivally and in the dewlap. Group III was vaccinated in the dewlap only. Group IV was not vaccinated and served as a virulence control for the Moraxella bovis culture. Calves in groups I, II, and III were given 2 inoculations with 14 days between inoculations. Twenty-one days after the last inoculation, the ventral conjunctival sac of all calves was instilled with cells of a virulent M bovis strain.
After challenge exposure, all vaccinated calves (groups I, II, and III) had evidence of enhanced resistance, compared with the nonvaccinated calves. The highest to lowest gradients of immune responsiveness were: Group I ≥ group II > group III > group IV. When immune criteria, such as the percentage of diseased eyes, the mean duration of infection, the severity of corneal lesions, and the serologic response were compared, groups I and II were significantly (P < 0.05) more resistant to challenge exposure than were groups III and IV. Group III was significantly (P < 0.05) different from group IV in severity of lesions and in serologic response. Also, the mean duration of infection was shorter, and the percentage of diseased eyes was less in group III than in group IV (P > 0.10). Group I was more resistant than was group II (P < 0.10).
The overall results indicated that subconjunctival vaccination induced a better immune response than did subcutaneous dewlap vaccination.
Experimental porcine eperythrozoonosis; T-lymphocyte suppression and misdirected immune responses
Authors: Zachary James F. , Smith Arnold R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immune responses and hematologic alterations were investigated in splenectomized pigs after im inoculation with Eperythrozoon suis. Early hematologic alterations were massive parasitism of rbc, severe hypoglycemia, moderate bilirubinemia, and mild anemia; later findings included severe anemia, minimal parasitism of rbc, spontaneous agglutination of rbc at 25 C and 4 C which was reversible at 37 C, transient thrombocytopenia, and mild bilirubinemia. The humoral immune responses consisting of a transitory hyperglobulinemia and increase of indirect hemagglutination (iha) titers against E suis were attributed to immunoglobulin M cold agglutinins. Cell-mediated immune responses, measured by phytohemagglutinin- and pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, were reduced after massive parasitemia. Blastogenesis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide mitogen was increased before the hyperglobulinemia and an increase in iha titer. There was an increase in the uptake of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes cultured without mitogens after the decline in total globulin concentration and iha titer.
Regional distribution of porcine brain blood flow during 50% nitrous oxide administration
Authors: Manohar Murli 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Regional distribution of brain blood flow was examined in 6 healthy nonmedicated swine during inhalation of 50% O2 (+ 50% N2) and at 45 minutes of 50% end-tidal nitrous oxide administration. All animals were surgically prepared 10 to 12 days before the hemodynamic study. Catheters were implanted in the left atrium, ascending aorta, descending aorta, and pulmonary artery. Brain blood flow was determined, using 15-μm diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres injected into the left atrium. Administration of 50% nitrous oxide markedly increased blood flow in all regions of the brain (except corpus callosum), even though the animals were not excited and the arterial blood pressure, arterial blood-gas tensions, pHa, and cardiac output were not different from respective control values. At 45 minutes of 50% nitrous oxide administration, cerebral, cerebellar, and brain-stem blood flows were 144%, 137%, and 137% of respective control values. It is concluded that 50% nitrous oxide administration caused marked vasodilatation in all regions of the porcine brain.
Relative oxytocic properties of fenprostalene compared with cloprostenol, prostaglandin F2α, and oxytocin in the ovariectomized ewe
Authors: Garcia-Villar R. , Marnet P. G. , Laurentie M. P. , Toutain P. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The oxytocic effect of a prostaglandin F2α analogue, fenprostalene, was assessed in 4 ovariectomized ewes fitted with electrodes in both uterine horns and in the cervix. In the absence of estradiol priming, significant motility changes were not elicited by fenprostalene. Conversely, when ewes were primed with 17-β-estradiol, fenprostalene markedly increased the electrical activity in the uterus and cervix. After a single subcutaneous fenprostalene administration (5 μg/kg), activity values remained about twice that of the control values during 8.52 ± 3.31 hours. When the same dosage was administered im, similar post-injection activity values were obtained, but only during 5.88 ± 0.72 hours. Oxytocic effects of fenprostalene were far longer than those elicited by a single im administration of 50 μg of prostaglandin F2α (tham salt)/kg (0.91 ± 0.32 hours) or by a single im administration of 1 μg of cloprostenol/kg (1.88 ± 0.81 hours). Using the dose-effect relationship curve obtained from the same ewes by continuous iv infusions of oxytocin (oxt), the postinjection activity values reached after a single subcutaneous administration of fenprostalene were equivalent to those of an iv infusion of oxt at an average dose of 4.09 ImU of oxt/kg/hr for 6 to 13 hours, according to the values of the particular ewe concerned. These long-lasting oxytocic properties, in addition to its luteolytic capabilities, would make fenprostalene a suitable drug for promoting effective evacuation of the uterus when required in daily veterinary practice.
Brain stem auditory-evoked potentials of dogs: Wave forms and effects of recording electrode positions
Authors: Holliday Terrell A. , Te Selle Marian E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Wave forms of canine brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (baep) and the effects of electrode positions on the wave forms were studied as a basis for experimental and clinical use of baep recording. The baep regularly consisted of 5 waves (I to V) with latencies and polarities similar to those of other species. In some dogs, waves II, III, and IV contained distinct subpeaks (a, b, c). Waves similar to waves VI and VII of other species were recorded in some dogs.
With respect to baep, no site on the head was electrically inactive and baep could be recorded as far caudally as the caudal cervical region in some dogs. Wave I, positive in recordings from the dorsal midline of the calvaria (vertex) underwent polarity reversal and increased amplitude and duration in recordings made from caudal ventrolateral regions of the head (mastoid region). As a result, wave I partially or totally obscured wave II so that the latter could no longer be clearly identified. Waves IIIa and IIIb were differentially affected by moving the recording site, indicating that their generators were spatially separated. Waves IV and V were also affected by electrode site, consistent with previous reports that they have spatially separated generators in other species.
In recordings made with vertex electrodes referenced to the mastoid region ipsilateral to the stimulated ear, wave I appeared as a high-amplitude positive peak with onset latency equalling that in noncephalic reference recordings, but with somewhat later peak latency and longer duration. As a result, wave II was partially or totally obscured so that only 4 major peaks were evident in the baep. In contralateral mastoid reference recordings, latency to peak of wave I was unchanged; however, amplitude of all waves was reduced and waves IIa and IIb were not as clearly differentiated as they were in noncephalic reference recordings.
Properties of a respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a sheep with rhinitis
Authors: Evermann J. F. , Liggitt H. D. , Parish S. M. , Ward A. C. S. , LeaMaster B. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A virus isolated from a yearling cross-bred ewe was identified as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by indirect immunofluorescence and by virus neutralization with bovine rsv antisera. The virus caused a mild conjunctivitis in 3-month-old lambs when inoculated alone. Although clinical signs of pneumonia were not observed, there was gross and microscopic evidence of pulmonary inflammation in the lungs of lambs inoculated with either the sheep rsv isolate alone or in conjunction with Pasteurella haemolytica. Lung lesions in the dual infection were more severe, with approximately 10% of the total lung mass affected. Lavage fluids from lambs inoculated with virus and bacteria contained approximately 3 times more inflammatory cells than from control lambs or lambs inoculated with virus only. The sheep rsv isolate was classified as a mild respiratory pathogen in lambs of this age. Speculations on the potential importance of this virus in interspecies transmission to cattle and goats were discussed.
Clinical, biochemical, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities in cats after hypertonic sodium phosphate enema administration
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Tyler Ron , Greenlee Paul 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten clinically healthy cats were allotted into 2 groups. Group A was given the low (60 ml), and group B was given the high (120 ml) recommended dose of a commercial hypertonic sodium phosphate enema. Enema retention was enforced. All cats developed clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities, with group B cats being more severely affected. Clinical signs that occurred rapidly included depression, ataxia, vomition, bloody diarrhea, mucous membrane pallor, and stupor; tetany was not seen. One cat in group B died. Laboratory abnormalities included hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, calculated hyperosmolality, and metabolic acidosis with high anion gap probably due to hyperlacticacidemia. There were no significant gross or microscopic lesions associated with enema administration. Therefore, the use of hypertonic sodium phosphate enema at recommended doses is potentially dangerous to cats.
Preliminary study of ethylene oxide sterilization of full-thickness cortical allografts used in segmental femoral fracture repair
Authors: Johnson Ann L. , Shokry M. M. , Stein L. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Full-thickness canine cortical allografts were cleanly harvested, sterilized with ethylene oxide, and stored at room temperature. The allografts were incorporated into canine segmental femoral fracture repairs and compared clinically, radiographically, and morphologically with control femoral cortical autografts for function of the limb, graft acceptance, and bone union. Sterility was maintained and the cortical allografts were well accepted by the host animals, resulting in full use of the limb which was subjected to surgical operation. The allografts showed healing patterns similar to those of the autografts, as determined by radiographic, gross, and histologic evaluation of the proximal and distal host-graft interfaces. Evaluations were made monthly. The host-graft interfaces of the allografts and autograft were filled with woven bone with adjacent vascular invasion and remodeling of the graft at the final 4th-month evaluation.
Estimation of urine flow rate in mares
Authors: Gronwall Ronald , Price George 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To determine the rate of urine flow and thus urinary excretion in the horse from untimed urine samples alone, the flow rate, creatinine concentration, osmolarity, and refractive index of 228 quantitatively collected urine samples were determined in 53 experiments on 12 healthy Thoroughbred mares. Forty samples were collected after waterinduced diuresis; 11 samples were collected after furosemide-induced diuresis. Flow rates, which ranged from 1.2 to 84.5 ml/min, could be predicted from the urinary creatinine concentration. Correlation of urinary flow with urinary creatinine concentration accounted for 94% of the variability in the urinary flow rates. Phenylbutazone was administered before collection of 168 urine samples. Urine flow rates that were predicted from urinary creatinine concentration were used to estimate phenylbutazone excretion. Urine flow could be estimated without quantitative urine collection.