bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting Up a Surgical Skills Center
Authors: MacRae Helen M. , Satterthwaite Lisa , Reznick Richard K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWith the increasing use of simulation in medicine, many departments of surgery are considering the development of a surgical skills center. This article focuses on practical issues that must be considered when setting up a surgical skills center. The importance of developing a mission statement and including relevant stakeholders is discussed. The types of curricula that can be developed as well as the appropriate equipment purchased to support different curricula are considerations. Space requirements, funding sources, and staffing are also covered. Setting up a surgical skills center requires institutional buy‐in and planning from the outset. Various models of skills centers, depending on local politics, are discussed.
Depression and school performance in middle adolescent boys and girls
Authors: Fröjd Sari A. , Nissinen Eeva S. , Pelkonen Mirjami U.I. , Marttunen Mauri J. , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Kaltiala‐Heino Riittakerttu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to investigate the associations between different levels of depression with different aspects of school performance. The target population included 2516 7th–9th grade pupils (13–17 years) of whom 90% completed the questionnaire anonymously in the classroom. Of the girls 18.4% and of the boys 11.1% were classified as being depressed (R‐Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Finnish version of the 13‐item BDI). The lower the self‐reported grade point average (GPA) or the more the GPA had declined from the previous term, the more commonly the adolescents were depressed. Depression was associated with difficulties in concentration, social relationships, self‐reliant school performance and reading and writing as well as perceiving schoolwork as highly loading. The school performance variables had similar associations with depression among both sexes when a wide range of depression was studied but gender differences appeared when studying the severe end of the depression scale. Our study indicates that pupils reporting difficulties in academic performance should be screened for depression.
Panic Disorder With Nocturnal Panic Attacks: Symptoms and Comorbidities
Authors: Sarísoy Gökhan , Böke Ömer , Arík Ali C. , Şahin Ahmet R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nocturnal panic attacks and comorbidities, clinical variables and panic attack symptoms. One hundred and six consecutive patients with DSM-IV panic disorder were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of nocturnal panic attacks. Comorbidities were diagnosed with the help of SCID-I and SCID-II. The groups were compared using the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Symptom Checklist. Nocturnal panic attacks were not related to comorbidities or age at the onset of the disease. The scores from the Beck Depression Inventory, general scores from the Symptom Checklist, somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity and anger-hostility sub-scale scores were higher in the nocturnal panic attack group. Patients with nocturnal panic attacks experience more frequent respiratory symptoms, suggesting that nocturnal panic attacks may be related to respiratory symptoms. Our findings demonstrate that patients with nocturnal panic attacks have more respiratory symptoms of panic, depressive and other psychiatric symptoms than the no nocturnal panic group.
Ore-magmatic systems and metallogeny of gold and silver in Northeastern Asia
Authors: Gamyanin G.N. , Goryachev N.A. , Savva N.E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Regional ore-magmatic systems (OMS’s) and metallogenic gold-silver belts in northeastern Asia are considered, with emphasis placed on their relationships owing to the effect of geodynamic settings and underlying and host rock sequences on the localization of gold and silver deposits of different types. Particular types of lithologic assemblages with specific mineralogical and geochemical features are persistent throughout the metallogenic belts, controlled by regional noble-metal OMS’s. Regional OMS’s with one-, two-, and multilevel local OMS’s producing different types of noble-metal mineralization are described. The problem of mineral typomorphism in metallogenic analysis has been first raised. This analysis permits one to recognize indicators of ore formation (a particular genetic type of deposits, their formation and denudation levels), sources of ore-forming fluids, regional specific geochemistry and its relationship with magmatism. Regular presence of platinum in gold-bearing metallogenic zones is shown.
Serum fatty acid composition and indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity are associated with systemic inflammation : longitudinal analyses in middle-aged men
Authors: Petersson Helena , Basu Samar , Cederholm Tommy , Risérus Ulf 
Published: December 2007

Altered fatty acid (FA) composition is related to insulin resistance and CVD. One possible mediator may be inflammation, but longitudinal data relating FA composition to inflammation taking insulin resistance into account are limited. We investigated the long-term association between FA composition and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in a large population-based cohort study in 767 men followed for 20 years. The association between FA composition in serum cholesteryl esters at age 50 and CRP concentrations at age 70 was investigated using linear regression. In addition, desaturase activities (stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase) were estimated using FA product-to-precursor ratios. Insulin resistance was measured directly at follow-up by euglycaemic clamp. After adjusting for confounders (smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) CRP concentrations were inversely associated with the proportion of 18 : 2n-6 (P = 0·002) and positively associated with 16 : 1n-7 (P = 0·008), 18 : 1n-9 (P = 0·0003), 20 : 5n-3 (P = 0·04) and estimated SCD-1 (P = 0·005) and Δ6-desaturase (P = 0·02) activities. After adding insulin resistance to the model, 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 2n-6 and SCD-1 remained significant predictors of CRP. A FA composition indicating low intake of 18 : 2n-6, high intake of SFA and high SCD-1 activity is, in a Swedish population of middle-aged men, associated with CRP concentrations 20 years later, even independently of obesity and insulin resistance.
Whey protein isolate and glycomacropeptide decrease weight gain and alter body composition in male Wistar rats
Authors: Royle Peter J. , McIntosh Graeme H. , Clifton Peter M. 
Published: December 2007

The effect of feed protein type on body composition and growth has been examined. Evidence exists that whey protein concentrate is effective at limiting body fat expansion. The presence of caseinomacropeptide, a mixture of glycosylated and non-glycosylated carbohydrate residues, in particular glycomacropeptide (GMP) in whey protein concentrate may be important for this effect. The influence of whey protein isolate (WPI) and GMP on weight gain and body composition was examined by feeding Wistar ratsad libitumfor 7 weeks with five semi-purified American Institute of Nutrition-based diets differing in protein type: (1) casein; (2) barbequed beef; (3) control WPI (no GMP); (4) WPI+GMP at 100 g/kg; (5) WPI+GMP at 200 g/kg. Body composition was assessed, and plasma samples were assayed for TAG, insulin and glucose. Body-weight gain was lower ( − 21 %) on the control WPI diet relative to casein, with a non-significant influence associated with GMP inclusion ( − 30 %), the effect being equivalent at both levels of GMP addition. Renal and carcass fat mass were reduced in the highest GMP diet when compared with WPI (P < 0·05). Plasma insulin was lowered by GMP at the highest addition compared with WPI alone ( − 53 %;P < 0·01). Plasma TAG in the WPI+GMP (200 g/kg) group were lower ( − 27 %;P < 0·05) than the casein and beef groups. In conclusion, GMP appears to have a significant additional influence when combined with WPI on fat accumulation. WPI alone appears to have the predominant influence accounting for 70 % of the overall effect on body-weight gain. Mechanisms for this effect have not been identified but food intake was not responsible.
Seasonal contamination of public squares and lawns by parasites with zoonotic potential in southern Brazil
Authors: Tiyo R. , Guedes T.A. , Falavigna D.L.M. , Falavigna-Guilherme A.L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe presence of helminths and protozoans in public squares and lawns of the city of Maringá, southern Brazil, during winter and summer was assessed in order to evaluate their seasonal fluctuations in relation to edaphic and climatic factors. Samples were collected from January 2003 through June 2004 in 90% (13) of all public squares covered by sand, and in 30% (4) of all lawns used as leisure areas. The samples were analysed quantitatively by modified centrifugal-flotation and sedimentation in water techniques, and qualitatively by a method based on positive larval thermo-hydrotropism. Meteorological data were recorded, and physical, chemical and structural characteristics of the soil were analysed. One hundred and thirty samples of sand from squares, 65 in summer and 65 in winter, and 40 samples of grass from lawns, 20 in each season, were collected. All samples from lawns, 62 (95.38%) from squares in winter and 45 (69.23%) in summer, contained protozoans and/or helminths. Eggs ofToxocaraspp. were the most frequently observed parasites in both winter and summer in squares (P < 0.0001) and in lawns (P = 0.6142), being equally distributed among the different locations (P = 0.2038). Species diversity was lower in winter; fewer parasites were found in summer. This region, with a tropical climate and a mild winter dry season, has favourable edaphic and climatic conditions for soil contaminants to persist year-round. In addition, the high frequency of animals such as dogs and cats and the poor sanitary measures in force made it possible for zoonoses to be transmitted in the public spaces.
Glycogen catabolism enzymes and protein fractions in the third and fourth larval stages ofAnisakis simplex
Authors: Łopieńska-Biernat E. , Żółtowska K. , Rokicki J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExtracts ofAnisakis simplexthird (L3) and fourth (L4) larval stages were assayed for protein content and activity and properties of α-amylase, glucoamylase and glycogen phosphorylase. Protein content in L4 was twice that in L3. SDS–PAGE applied to both larval stages revealed 22 protein fractions in each, including five stage-specific fractions in each larval stage. The L3 extracts contained three amylase isoenzymes: α1, α2 and α3; their molecular weights were 64, 29 and 21 kDa, respectively. Only one amylase isoenzyme (64 kDa) was found in the L4 extracts. Glycogen in L3 was found to be broken down mostly by hydrolysis because of low glycogen phosphorylase activity. The α-amylase activity in L4 was higher than that in L3 by half and the glycogen phosphorylase activity was ten times higher. In addition, the same enzymes isolated from L3 and L4 were found to differ in their properties. These differences could be manifestations of metabolic adaptations ofA. simplexlarvae to host switch from fish (L3) to mammals (L4), i.e. adaptations to a new habitat.
Experimental infection of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanawithToxocara canisand the establishment of patent infections in pups
Authors: Sasmal N.K. , Pahari T.K. , Laha R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe possible role of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanain the transmission ofToxocara caniseggs and larvae via faeces and tissue migration was studied. Cockroaches fed with 3 × 105and 5 × 105embryonated eggs were found to harbour viable eggs and larvae from days 1 to 5 post-infection (DPI). At necropsy on 5 DPI, eggs and larvae were also recovered from the rectal contents but not from the tissues of cockroaches. In addition patent infections were established in pups fed on infected faeces of cockroaches, with eggs first appearing in the faeces of pups at 38 DPI. Adult worms ofT. caniswere also recovered at necropsy. Therefore the importance of cockroaches as good mechanical disseminators of ascarid eggs, especiallyT. canis, is discussed.
The fictive quality of glass
Authors: Ersoy Ufuk 
Published: December 2007

‘The fire is burning. Is it burning for me or against me? Will it give tangible shape to my dreams, or will it eat them up? I know pottery traditions going back thousands of years; all the potters’ tricks I know, I have used them all. But we have not yet reached the end. The spirit of the material has not yet been overcome.’(Adolf Loos, ‘Pottery’)
Architecture as such: refutations and conjectures of quality in the work of Kengo Kuma and W. G. Clark
Authors: Weiner Frank H. 
Published: December 2007

‘[W]hat do we mean when we speak of architectural quality? It is a question that I have little difficulty answering. […] Quality architecture to me is when a building manages to move me. What on earth moves me? How can I get this into my own work?’(Peter Zumthor, Atmospheres)
Hormone Modulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Women with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Kulkarni Jayashri , Gurvich Caroline , Gilbert Heather , Mehmedbegovic Fatima , Mu Ling , Marston Natasha , Gavrilidis Emmy , de Castella Anthony 
Published: December 2007

Objectives: Accumulating evidence describes the effects of oestrogen and other gonadal hormones on the central nervous system and, in particular, on the mental state of women. Evidence supporting the psychotherapeutic effects of exogenous oestrogen has started to emerge only over the past two decades. The purpose of the present paper was to provide an overview of different applications of adjunctive hormones, as treatments for symptoms of severe mental illness in women. Methods: Three case reports are presented: in each case the woman selected had participated in large, double-blind, randomized controlled trials exploring hormone modulation. Case study 1 presents a premenopausal woman with schizophrenia, who received an 8 week trial of daily adjunctive 200 µg transdermal oestradiol. Case study 2 presents a postmenopausal woman with schizophrenia on a 12 week trial of adjunctive raloxifene hydrochloride 120 mg per day−1. Case study 3 presents a woman with schizoaffective disorder, in the manic phase, who received tamoxifen 40 mg per day−1 for 28 days. Results: Adjunctive oestradiol was associated with an improvement in symptoms of psychosis in a premenopausal woman with schizophrenia; adjunctive raloxifene was associated with an improvement in cognitive functioning in a postmenopausal woman with schizophrenia; and adjunctive tamoxifen was associated with an improvement in symptoms of mania in a woman with schizoaffective disorder. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with preliminary research trials suggesting that adjunctive hormone modulation is a promising area of gender-specific treatment for serious mental illness.
Bayesian ranking of biochemical system models
Authors: Vyshemirsky Vladislav , Girolami Mark A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMotivation: There often are many alternative models of a biochemical system. Distinguishing models and finding the most suitable ones is an important challenge in Systems Biology, as such model ranking, by experimental evidence, will help to judge the support of the working hypotheses forming each model.Bayes factors are employed as a measure of evidential preference for one model over another. Marginal likelihood is a key component of Bayes factors, however computing the marginal likelihood is a difficult problem, as it involves integration of nonlinear functions in multidimensional space. There are a number of methods available to compute the marginal likelihood approximately. A detailed investigation of such methods is required to find ones that perform appropriately for biochemical modelling.Results: We assess four methods for estimation of the marginal likelihoods required for computing Bayes factors. The Prior Arithmetic Mean estimator, the Posterior Harmonic Mean estimator, the Annealed Importance Sampling and the Annealing-Melting Integration methods are investigated and compared on a typical case study in Systems Biology. This allows us to understand the stability of the analysis results and make reliable judgements in uncertain context. We investigate the variance of Bayes factor estimates, and highlight the stability of the Annealed Importance Sampling and the Annealing-Melting Integration methods for the purposes of comparing nonlinear models.Availability: Models used in this study are available in SBML format as the supplementary material to this article.Contact: vvv@dcs.gla.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite platelet levels in women with small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Nanetti L , Giannubilo SR , Raffaelli F , Curzi CM , Vignini A , Moroni C , Tanase L , Carboni E , Turi A , Mazzanti L , Tranquilli AL 
Published: December 2007

Objective  The placenta produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) including nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) that have pronounced effects on placental function. Excessive ROS production may occur in pathological pregnancies, such as those complicated by small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses.Design  The aim of the present work was to study NO and ONOO− levels in platelets of pregnant women with SGA fetuses compared with a control group.Setting and population  The study was performed on 30 pregnant women with SGA fetuses (SGA group) and on 30 healthy pregnant women (appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age [AGA] group) matched for maternal and gestational age. All women included in this study were in the third trimester of pregnancy.Methods  Platelets were isolated by differential centrifugation. NO metabolites, after enzymatic conversion followed by the Griess reaction, were measured as nitrite by spectrophotometric detection. Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) levels were evaluated using the fluorescence probe 2,7‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA).Main outcome measures  The following determinations were made: platelet nitric oxide and peroxynitrite levels in the SGA group and controls; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitrotyrosine (N‐Tyr) expression in the same groups.Results  Our results show that both platelet NO and ONOO− levels were significantly higher in the SGA group than in the controls.Conclusion  Increased platelets levels of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite might play a role in the pathophysiology of intrauterine growth restriction. Further investigations are in progress to clarify if these molecules are pathogenetic factors, an epiphenomenon or a pathophysiological marker.
Evaluation of the Ultrasensitive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) p24 Antigen Assay Performed on Dried Blood Spots for Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Infants
Authors: Patton Janet C. , Coovadia Ashraf H. , Meyers Tammy M. , Sherman Gayle G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The diagnostic accuracy of the modified p24 antigen assay performed on pediatric dried blood spots was evaluated. Samples analyzed within 6 weeks of collection yielded no false-positive results (specificity, 100%) and few false-negative results (sensitivity, 96.5% to 98.3%). Laboratory services with limited resources should assess this option for routine infant diagnosis.
Induction of Antitumor Acquired Immunity by Baculovirus
Autographa californica
Multiple Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Kitajima Masayuki , Takaku Hiroshi 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

The baculovirus
Autographa californica
multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) has been studied as a gene therapy vector. Here, we demonstrated that AcMNPV induces antitumor acquired immunity. These results suggest that AcMNPV has the potential to be an efficient virus or tumor therapy agent which induces innate and acquired immunity.
Evaluation of the One-Step Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR ProFlu-1 Assay for Detection of Influenza A and Influenza B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Children
Authors: LeGoff Jérôme , Kara Rachid , Moulin Florence , Si-Mohamed Ali , Krivine Anne , Bélec Laurent , Lebon Pierre 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the one-step multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR ProFlu-1 assay for the detection of influenza A and influenza B viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses from 353 pediatric nasopharyngeal aspirates. As assessed by comparison with the results of immunofluorescence testing and cell culture, the specificity and the sensitivity of the ProFlu-1 assay ranged from 97% to 100%. In addition, the ProFlu-1 assay amplified 9% of samples not detected by conventional methods.
Prediction of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Plasma Load from Evaluation of CMV Whole-Blood Load in Samples from Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Garrigue Isabelle , Doussau Adélaïde , Asselineau Julien , Bricout Hélène , Couzi Lionel , Rio Catherine , Merville Pierre , Fleury Hervé , Lafon Marie-Edith , Thiébaut Rodolphe 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

In a prospective cohort of 82 renal transplant recipients, we evaluated the capacity of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) load in whole blood (WB) to predict the plasma CMV load, aiming to identify active CMV infections by using WB samples only and to deduce a WB threshold. Using quantitative real-time PCR, a total of 1,474 WB samples were assayed, of which 279 were positive for CMV, and 140 out of the 276 paired plasma samples tested positive. Thirty (36.6%) patients presented with at least one positive plasma PCR result, and 21 infection episodes (19 patients) required curative treatment (median follow-up time, 12 months). When the plasma CMV load was >500 copies/ml (
n
= 70), more than 94% (95% confidence interval, 86.0%, 98.4%) of WB samples had >500 copies/ml. Two prediction models were built: log
10
plasma viral load (VL) was calculated as −0.3777 + 0.9342 × log
10
WB VL and as −0.3777 + 0.8563 × log
10
WB VL for patients with and without treatment, respectively. In the validation sample (578 routine samples), 77.2% of the observed and expected plasma viral loads were concordant (95% confidence intervals, 73.5 and 80.5%). According to the model, the plasma viral load was >500 copies/ml when the WB load was >3,170 or >4,000 copies/ml in patients with or without treatment, respectively. WB seems to be an appropriate candidate for routine CMV monitoring of transplant recipients by using a single assay.