bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Horizontal Transfer of a DD37E DNA Transposon in Mosquitoes
Authors: Biedler James K , Shao Hongguang , Tu Zhijian 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
ITmD37E, a unique class II transposable element (TE) with an ancient origin, appears to have been involved in multiple horizontal transfers in mosquitoes as ITmD37E sequences from 10 mosquito species of five genera share high nucleotide (nt) identities. For example, ITmD37E sequences from Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, which have an estimated common ancestor of 145–200 million years ago, display 92% nt identity. The comparison of ITmD37E and host mosquito phylogenies shows a lack of congruence. The wide distribution of conserved ITmD37Es in mosquitoes and the presence of intact copies suggest that this element may have been recently active.
Current thoughts on psychosexual disorders in women
Authors: Coulson Catherine , Crowley Tessa 
Published: October 2007

Key contentThe importance of responsive desire in women, triggered by physical and mental arousal rather than spontaneous desire, is now acknowledged.A review of the DSM‐IV classification of sexual dysfunction in 1999 led to retention of the categories of desire, arousal, orgasmic and pain disorder and were expanded to include physical, as well as psychological, causes. A new diagnosis of non‐coital pain disorder was also suggested.Historically, pain syndromes are categorised as dyspareunia or vaginismus, but they often overlap.Management of psychosexual disorders requires an understanding of psychosexual function and an ability to communicate about sexual matters.Learning objectivesTo gain an understanding of the complexities of the female sexual response and psychosexual problems.To understand that sexual problems are common in women attending gynaecology clinics.To be more willing to communicate with patients about sexual matters.Ethical issuesThe sensitive nature of sexual problems raises the dilemma of how to talk to women about significant events without causing further trauma.Please cite this article as: Coulson C, Crowley T. Current thoughts on psychosexual disorders in women.The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist2007;9:217–222.
Sentinel node mapping
Authors: Acheson Nigel 
Published: October 2007

Key content

Cancers involving the regional lymphatic system around the primary site have a poor prognosis.
The sentinel node is understood to be the first node to which lymphatic drainage occurs from an organ or area of skin.
The sentinel node can be identified using a blue dye or radiolabel.
If the sentinel node does not contain metastatic tumour, the risk of involved regional nodes is small.
The technique has the potential to reduce the morbidity associated with regional lymphadenectomy.

Learning objectives

To understand the sentinel node concept.
To understand the role of sentinel node biopsy in vulval, cervical and endometrial cancer.

Ethical issues

Randomised controlled trials should be performed before the technique can be introduced into routine practice.

Please cite this article as: Acheson N. Sentinel node mapping. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2007;9:270–275.
Acute Diabetes Moderates Trafficking of Cardiac Lipoprotein Lipase Through p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase–Dependent Actin Cytoskeleton Organization
Authors: Kim Min Suk , Kewalramani Girish , Puthanveetil Prasanth , Lee Vivian , Kumar Ujendra , An Ding , Abrahani Ashraf , Rodrigues Brian 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—Heart disease is a leading cause of death in diabetes and could occur because of excessive use of fatty acid for energy generation. Our objective was to determine the mechanisms by which AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) augments cardiac lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the enzyme that provides the heart with the majority of its fatty acid.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used diazoxide in rats to induce hyperglycemia or used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and thrombin to directly stimulate AMPK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), respectively, in cardiomyocytes.
RESULTS—There was a substantial increase in LPL at the coronary lumen following 4 h of diazoxide. In these diabetic animals, phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 MAPK, and heat shock protein (Hsp)25 produced actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to facilitate LPL translocation to the myocyte surface and, eventually, the vascular lumen. AICAR activated AMPK, p38 MAPK, and Hsp25 in a pattern similar to that seen with diabetes. AICAR also appreciably enhanced LPL, an effect reduced by preincubation with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 or by cytochalasin D, which inhibits actin polymerization. Thrombin activated p38 MAPK in the absence of AMPK phosphorylation. Comparable with diabetes, activation of p38 MAPK and, subsequently, Hsp25 phosphorylation and F-actin polymerization corresponded with an enhanced LPL activity. SB202190 and silencing of p38 MAPK also prevented these effects induced by thrombin and AICAR, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS—We propose that AMPK recruitment of LPL to the cardiomyocyte surface (which embraces p38 MAPK activation and actin cytoskeleton polymerization) represents an immediate compensatory response by the heart to guarantee fatty acid supply when glucose utilization is compromised.
An ABCC8 Gene Mutation and Mosaic Uniparental Isodisomy Resulting in Atypical Diffuse Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Flanagan Sarah E. , Smith Virpi V. , Ashworth Michael , Day Michael , Pierro Agostino , Ellard Sian 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE— Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) may be due to diffuse or focal pancreatic disease. The diffuse form is associated with an increase in the size of β-cell nuclei throughout the whole of the pancreas and most commonly results from recessive ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP channel) mutations. Focal lesions are the consequence of somatic uniparental disomy for a paternally inherited KATP channel mutation with enlargement of the β-cell nuclei confined to the focal lesion. Some “atypical” cases defy classification and show pancreatic β-cell nuclear enlargement confined to discrete regions of the pancreas. We investigated an atypical case with normal morphology within the tail of the pancreas but occasional enlarged endocrine nuclei in parts of the body and head.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— The KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes encoding the KATP channel subunits and microsatellite markers on chromosome 11 were analyzed in DNA samples from the patient and her parents.
RESULTS— A mosaic ABCC8 nonsense mutation (Q54X) was identified in the proband. The paternally inherited mutation was present at 90% in lymphocytes and 50% in normal pancreatic sections but between 64 and 74% in abnormal sections. Microsatellite analysis showed mosaic interstitial paternal uniparental isodisomy (UPD) for chromosome 11p15.1.
CONCLUSIONS— We report a novel genetic mechanism to explain atypical histological diffuse forms of CHI due to mosaic UPD in patients with dominantly inherited ABCC8 (or KCNJ11) gene mutations.
Stem cell potential for type 1 diabetes therapy
Authors: Roche Enrique , Ramírez Miriam , Ramírez-Castillejo Carmen , Gómez-Mauricio Guadalupe , Usón Jesús 
Published: October 2007

AbstractStem cells have been considered as a useful tool in Regenerative Medicine due to two main properties: high rate of self-renewal, and their potential to differentiate into all cell types present in the adult organism. Depending on their origin, these cells can be grouped into embryonic or adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner cell mass of blastocyst, which appears during embryonic day 6 of human development. Adult stem cells are present within various tissues of the organism and are responsible for their turnover and repair. In this sense, these cells open new therapeutic possibilities to treat degenerative diseases such as type 1 diabetes. This pathology is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in the lack of insulin production. Insulin injection, however, cannot mimic β-cell function, thus causing the development of important complications. The possibility of obtaining β-cell surrogates from either embryonic or adult stem cells to restore insulin secretion will be discussed in this review.
Biweekly CHOP therapy improves therapeutic effect in the non-GCB subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Qingyuan , Wang Jingxuan , Wang Jincai 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) is accepted as the best available standard treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients; however, the therapeutic efficacy seems unsatisfactory. Additional rituximab will improve the cure rate, but it is not popular in China because of its increased medical cost. Germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes distinction have been described as independent prognostic factors, and provides likelihood for cure with chemotherapy. The aim of the study is to explore the association between Immunophenotype and treatment regimen. Between August 2003 and May 2006, 66 patients with DLBCL were enrolled, according to immunohistochemistry results (GCB and non-GCB phenotype), randomly assigned to receive either six to eight cycles of CHOP every 2 weeks or standard CHOP every 3 weeks. After a median follow-up duration of 32 months (range of 4 to 42 months), an estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) rate for the GCB patients were 68.2% and 55.6% for the biweekly CHOP regimen and standard CHOP regimen respectively, while the data were 62.8% and 37.9% respectively for the non-GCB cases. The biweekly CHOP therapy showed higher efficacy than standard treatment, and its superiority was more obvious with the non-GCB subgroup. All rights reserved.
Skeletal SPECT/CT of the peripheral extremities -interdisciplinary approach in orthopaedic disorders-first clinical results
Authors: Wuest Wolfgang , Kuwert Torsten , Grunewald Markus , Bautz Werner , Forst Raimund , Mauerer Andreas , Linke Rainer 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Bone scintigraphy, although quite sensitive to detect skeletal lesions, has a comparatively low specificity. Hybrid-cameras combining single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and spiral-CT offer the opportunity to correlate scintigraphic information with high-quality visualization of morphology in one session. This may lead to an improvement in diagnostic accuracy and anatomic lesion localization. We present 11 patients, who underwent SPECT/CT of the feet (n=10) and hands (n = 1). The examinations were performed due to pain in foot or hand with the following suspected clinical diagnoses: arthrosis (n=1); fracture (n=3); osteomyelitis (n=4); reflex dystrophia (n=1); and, pain of unclear origin (n=2). All patients underwent SPECT/CT hybrid imaging using a dual-headed SPECT camera integrated with a 2-slice spiral CT scanner in one gantry. SPECT, CT, and SPECT/CT were evaluated independently from each other with respect to main diagnosis, anatomic lesion localization, and detection of a possible additional diagnosis. SPECT/CT improved lesion localization in 8 of 11 patients (73%) in comparison to SPECT alone, and in 4 of 11 patients (36%) in comparison to CT alone. Diagnostic accuracy was improved in 4 of 11 patients (36%) in comparison to either SPECT or CT alone. In conclusion, skeletal SPECT/CT improves diagnostic accuracy and lesion localization of orthopedic disorders in the feet and hands. The obtained results encouraged extensive studies to further investigate the potential gain in diagnostic accuracy brought about by SPECT/spiral-CT hybrid imaging in orthopedic disorders of the peripheral extremities.
Metabolic syndrome and its components in relation to brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in middle-aged Taiwanese males
Authors: Chang Jin-Biou , Chu Nain-Feng , Wang Shu-Chuan , Wu Der-Min 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
To evaluate the association of The study is to evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an indirect marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in middle-aged Taiwanese males. A total of 442 men aged 40 to 65 years were included in this cross-sectional survey. Arterial stiffness was measured using a non-invasive method by baPWV. MS is defined by the presence of ≥ 3 components using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. The mean baPWV was 1478.6 and 1520.3 cm/sec in normal-weight and overweight adults, respectively. Age, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) correlated with baPWV levels in normal-weight and overweight males. In multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, MS and its components (such as high BP and high FBG) were significantly associated with abnormal baPWV (≥1400 cm/sec) (p < 0.001). MS and its components are significantly associated with abnormal baPWV in Taiwanese middle-aged males and in addition, high BP was the component of MS most significantly associated with abnormal baPWV.
Polymorphisms of the uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene and coronary artery disease
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Jung , Chen Meng-Jung , Liao Yung-Liang , Liao Tung-Nan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBilirubin, an antioxidant in the blood, plays a role in protection from atherosclerosis. The level of bilirubin is highly correlated to the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid through the reaction of uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). The interactions of CAD and the variations in the coding regions of the UGT1A1 gene have never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the UGT1A1 variant on the incidence of CAD. There were 135 participants in this study: 61 in the experimental group, who had CAD, and 74 in the control group, who did not have CAD. The blood samples from all 135 participants were collected and assayed to clarify the relationship between bilirubin and CAD. The assay of the polymerase chain reaction and the sequence of the UGT1A1 gene were examined to find the gene’s polymorphisms. The bilirubin levels for the participants in the control group were significantly higher than for the patients in the CAD group. Although the concentration of bilirubin in the UGT1A1 variant was higher than the wild type for the patients in the CAD group, there was no significant difference in the polymorphism of UGT1A1 between the patients in the CAD group and the participants in the control group.
The inhibition of in vivo tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS)-732 cells by antisense human osteopontin RNA
Authors: Liu Si-Jin , Zhang Dao-Qiang , Sui Xiu-Mei , Zhang Lin , Cai Zi-Wei , Sun Li-Qiu , Liu Ya-Jun , Xue Yan , Hu Guo-Fa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) is a secreted, non-collagenous, sialic acid-rich protein which functions by mediating cell-matrix interactions and cellular signaling via binding with integrins and CD44 receptors. An increasing number of studies have shown that OPN plays an important role in controlling cancer progression and metastasis. OPN was found to be expressed in many human cancer types, and in some cases, its over-expression was shown to be directly associated with poor patient prognosis. In vitro cancer cell line and animal model studies have clearly indicated that OPN can function in regulating the cell signaling that ultimately controls the oncogenic potential of various cancers. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that OPN is highly expressed in human osteosarcoma (OS) cell line OS-732. In this study, we successfully reduced the tumorigenecity of OS-732 cells xenotransplanted into nude mice, using the antisense human OPN (hOPN) RNA expression vector.
Activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in high pressure-induced apoptosis of murine erythroleukemia cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeo , Hashiguchi Kenji , Katsuki Satoshi , Iwamoto Wakako , Tsuruhara Shoichiro , Terada Shigeyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that caspase-3, an executioner of apoptosis, is activated in the pressure-induced apoptosis of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells (at 100 MPa). Here, we examined the pathway of caspase-3 activation using peptide substrates and caspase inhibitors. Using the substrates of caspases-8 and -9, it was found that both are activated in cells under high pressure. The production of nuclei with sub-G1 DNA content in 100 MPa-treated MEL cells was suppressed by inhibitors of caspases-8 and -9, and pan-caspase. In 100 MPa-treated cells, pan-caspase inhibitor partially prevented the cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are activated in apoptotic signaling during the high pressure-induced death of MEL cells.
A Kinetic Model for the Aqueous Degradation of MTBE by Fe0/H2O2
Authors: Al-Ananzeha Nada M. , Bergendahlb John A. , Thompsona Robert W. 
Published: October 2007

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is a possible human carcinogen that has been used as a gasoline oxygenate at concentrations of up to 15% by volume for about 45 years in the US. However, its high water solubility has exacerbated spills at gasoline stations, sometimes resulting in local groundwater MTBE contamination levels of over 100 mg/L. Advanced oxidation using Fe0 and H2O2 is a promising technique for mineralizing organic contaminants, but current understanding of the remediation chemistry needs to be improved to facilitate design of subsurface or engineered systems. A kinetic model for the degradation of MTBE in batch systems applying zero-valent iron (Fe0) andhydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation in aqueous solution was developed. The model includes: H2O2 and water chemistry, iron speciation, and MTBE oxidation reactions. H2O2/water and MTBE degradation equilibrium and reaction rate parameters were taken from the literature. Reaction rate and equilibrium parameters for iron speciation were taken from the literature, or from our prior work. The rate constant for the dissolution of Fe0 was found from this work. The model was compared to experimental data from the literature for MTBE degradation using Fe0/H2O2
One night at sea: effects of verbal priming on perceptions and recollections of wartime events
Authors: Durkin Kevin , Kirsner Kim , Dunn John C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study investigates perceptions of and memory for a filmed ambiguous event, intended to simulate features of a contentious naval incident that occurred during World War II. Participants viewed a short film that contained elements attributable to a storm or a battle at sea. In different conditions, test instructions mentioned speculation about the possibility of a storm or a battle, or were neutral. Participants exposed to the battle prime were significantly more likely to describe a battle taking place than were participants exposed to either a storm or neutral prime. Evidence of the influence of expectations was also obtained via a recognition measure and confidence ratings. Memory biases were unchanged 7 weeks post the initial viewing. It is concluded that observers of ambiguous events during times of war are vulnerable to errors based on schematic expectations and that these patterns of errors can be replicated in laboratory simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epoxy‐Based Fibre Reinforced Nanocomposites
Authors: Njuguna J. , Pielichowski K. , Alcock J. R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe modification of epoxy resins with nanoparticles could endow the materials with some superior properties such as broadening of the glass transition temperatures, modest increases in the glassy modulus, low dielectric constant, and significant increases in key mechanical properties. In the last 15 years, some studies have shown the potential improvement in properties and performances of fibre reinforced polymer matrix materials in which nano and micro‐scale particles were incorporated. From the existing literature, considerable effort has been given to the synthesis and processing of these unique polymers, but relatively little work has focused on the fibre reinforced epoxy composites. The purpose of this work, therefore, is to review the available literature in epoxy‐fibre reinforced composites manufactured using carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibre and nanoclays for reinforcement.
Heck Reactions with Very Low Ligandless Catalyst Loads Accelerated by Microwaves or Simultaneous Microwaves/Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Palmisano Giovanni , Bonrath Werner , Boffa Luisa , Garella Davide , Barge Alessandro , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHeck couplings were carried out ligandless in air with very low catalyst loads under microwave or simultaneous microwave/ultrasound irradiation. Using ligand‐free palladium(II) acetate [Pd(OAc)2] in the range of 0.01–0.1 mol % or palladium‐on‐carbon (Pd/C) 10 % in the range of 1.0–2.0 mol %, most aryl iodides and bromides gave high yields under conventional heating (120 °C) in 18 h. Microwave irradiation alone or, better still, combined with high‐intensity ultrasound, strongly promotes the reaction, generally decreasing reaction times to 1 h. Electron‐poor aryl chlorides such as 4‐chloroacetophenone and 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene reacted with styrene to afford high product yields in the presence of 0.25 mol % Pd(OAc)2 or 2.0–3.0 mol % Pd/C. In several cases the addition of a co‐catalyst, either rhodium tris(triphenylphosphine) chloride, 0.005 mol %, or a copper(I) salt (iodide or bromide), 2.0–4.0 mol %, proved very advantageous. 4‐Bromo‐ and 4‐chloroacetophenone afforded up to 15 % of oxidation products, namely the corresponding 4‐halobenzoic acid and 4‐styrylbenzoic acid, a drawback that was avoided by working under a nitrogen atmosphere.
A Symmetry‐Based Approach to the Heterobicyclic Core of the Zaragozic Acids – Model Studies in the Pseudo C2‐Symmetric Series
Authors: Wang Yuzhou , Gang Sylvia , Bierstedt Anja , Gruner Margit , Fröhlich Roland , Metz Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing a two‐directional strategy, a concise synthesis of a pseudo C2‐symmetric tetrabenzyl ether of a hexaol diketone was accomplished. Hydrogenolysis of this compound in the presence of acetic acid and subsequent peracetylation triggered a group‐selective intramolecular acetalization to give the desired 2,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivative with correct relative and absolute configurations at all stereogenic centers of the heterobicyclic core.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium Complexes [(NHC)Pd(acac)Cl]: Improved Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Large‐Scale Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Marion Nicolas , de Frémont Pierre , Puijk Iris M. , Ecarnot Elise C. , Amoroso Dino , Bell Andrew , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFrom two commercially available starting materials, improved one‐step, multigram‐scale syntheses of [(IPr)Pd(acac)Cl] [IPr=N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene; acac=acetylacetonate] and [(IMes)Pd(acac)Cl] [IMes=N,N′‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] are described. The catalytic activity of both complexes in cross‐coupling reactions has been examined. The most active pre‐catalyst, [(IPr)Pd(acac)Cl], has allowed for efficient large‐scale (10 mmol) Buchwald–Hartwig and α‐ketone arylation reactions to be carried out.
Synthesis and Resolution of Planar‐Chiral Derivatives of 4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridine
Authors: Wurz Ryan P. , Lee Elaine C. , Ruble J. Craig , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA safer and more efficient method for the synthesis of planar‐chiral 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) derivatives has been developed. Racemic mixtures of the complexes can be resolved via classical resolution with commercially available tartaric acids.