bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting cardiac vagal regulation in early childhood from maternal–child relationship quality during toddlerhood
Authors: Calkins Susan D. , Graziano Paulo A. , Berdan Louise E. , Keane Susan P. , Degnan Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of maternal–child relationship quality during toddlerhood on early childhood physiological regulation. A community sample of 447 children (215 males) was recruited at age 2 for participation in the study using the Child Behavior Checklist [Achenbach [1992] Manual for the child behavior checklist/2–3 & 1992 profile. Burlington, VT: University of VT Department of Psychiatry]. Mothers and children were observed across several interactions in the laboratory at age 2 and mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index [Abidin [1995] Manual for the parenting stress index. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources]. Relationship quality was assessed using laboratory measures of hostility, positive guidance, and stress related to the quality of the relationship as reported by mothers. Cardiac vagal regulation at age 2 was assessed across six challenge tasks, three in which the child and mother worked together and three in which the child worked independently, and was indexed by the magnitude of vagal withdrawal (decrease in respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) to challenge. Results indicated that children displayed greater cardiac vagal regulation and heart rate acceleration during collaborative tasks versus independent tasks. In addition, maternal–child relationship quality predicted the degree of vagal regulation in children at age 5, even after controlling for early and concurrent level of behavior problems as well as 2‐year cardiac vagal regulation. Children with poorer quality relationships displayed significantly poorer vagal regulation and lower heart rate acceleration (p < .01). These findings are discussed in terms of the implications of environmental factors for the acquisition of fundamental self‐regulatory skills. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 751–766, 2008
Bridging and Terminal (Phosphanido)platinum Complexes
Authors: Mastrorilli Piero 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe PR2– group (the phosphanido group, according to the modern IUPAC rules) possesses a strong nucleophilicity, a high bridging tendency and a remarkable flexibility. This review addresses the issue of (phosphanido)platinum complexes, subdividing them into terminal and bridging species. Terminal (phosphanido)platinum complexes are usually prepared by deprotonation of a coordinated secondary (or primary) phosphane on a cationic PtII complex, by an appropriate base. The terminally bonded phosphanide group shows no tendency to form multiple bonds with platinum: in all crystallographically characterised Pt complexes, the terminal phosphanido P atom is pyramidal. Due to the high nucleophilicity granted by the presence of the active lone pair on P, terminal (phosphanido)platinum complexes react with molecules such as O2 and S8, and they can be used for the synthesis of dimetallic compounds upon reaction with suitable metal fragments. The known PtI phosphanido‐bridged complexes are dinuclear, diamagnetic and endowed with a strong Pt–Pt bond. The μ‐PPh2 bridge in PtI dimers arises often by (thermal) activation of the P–C bond in coordinated PPh3 or dppm. PtI phosphanido‐bridged complexes are also prepared by reaction of (dichlorido)platinum complexes with reagents such as Na, NaOH, alcohols. For such complexes a multifaceted reactivity, including the substitution of a terminal ligand, the reaction with electrophiles such as H+ and its isolobal analogues, the insertion into the μ‐P–Pt bond, has been reported. Hydridophosphanido complexes are formed by oxidative addition of a P–H bond onto zero‐valent Pt complexes, by protonation of PtI dimers or by action of BH4– on halido species. Dehydrochlorination of secondary (and primary) phosphane complexes gives chlorido complexes which are mostly prepared in the anti‐[(PRR′2)(Cl)Pt(μ‐PR″2)]2 geometry. Chiral complexes are obtained when asymmetric phosphanido P atoms are present in the molecule. A rich coordination chemistry has been developed on organometallic phosphanido Pt complexes bearing the pentafluorophenyl group. In this framework, a great number of Pt complexes of various nuclearity have been crystallographically characterised and their reactivity towards oxidants studied. The class of polynuclear phosphanido Pt complexes is represented by triangulo species, in which the bridging phosphanide group is typically μ‐PPh2 or μ‐PtBu2, by linear complexes of various nuclearity and by bent species stemming from the presence of a triply bridging diphenylphosphanido ligand in the molecule. Applications of phosphanido Pt complexes in catalysis and materials chemistry are also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Two Extended Organic‐Inorganic Assemblies Based on Polyoxometalates and Copper Coordination Polymers with Mixed 4,4′‐Bipyridine and 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Yuan Ling , Qin Chao , Wang Xinlong , Wang Enbo , Chang Song 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo new organic‐inorganic hybrid compounds {CuII4Cl(2,2′‐bipy)4(4,4′‐bipy)3(4,4′‐Hbipy)2[PMo12O40]}[PMo12O40]2·2H2O (1) and [CuI2(2,2′‐bipy)2(4,4′‐bipy)][CuI1.5(2,2′‐bipy)(4,4′‐bipy)]2[H3W12O40] (2) (2,2′‐bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, 4,4′‐bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) have been synthesised and subsequently characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), electrochemical measurements and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The most interesting feature of compound 1 is the Cu–Cl bond in the mixed ligand complex. Furthermore, 1 shows a 2D grid layered structure constructed from the [PMo12O40]3– polyoxoanion building units and 1D [Cu4(2,2′‐bipy)4(4,4′‐bipy)5Cl]nn– hybrid chains which are decorated by dangling polyoxoanion clusters that are disposed in a mutual anti orientation with respect to the layer plane. As fas as we know, compound 1 is the first characterised 2D structure with polyoxometalate clusters as pendants. Compound 2 represents the first 1D structure formed by ispolyoxotungstate building blocks [H2W12O40]6– and transition metal complex fragments with mixed ligands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Structure Determination of Selenium(IV) Cyanides
Authors: Fritz Stefanie , Lentz Dieter , Szwak Małgorzata 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe reaction of SeF4 with Me3SiCN did not result in thepreparation of the designated Se(CN)4 but Se(CN)F3 and Se(CN)2F2 were obtained as first known selenium(IV)cyanide compounds and characterized by their NMR spectra. Se(CN)2F2 was crystallized as 1,2‐dimethoxyethane solvate as well as the corresponding tellurium compound Te(CN)2F2 with very similar structures. NMR spectroscopic data of some more miscellaneous tellurium cyanides and the crystal structures of solvates of Se(CN)2 and oxygen‐bridged TeO(CN)2 are presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Rational Assembly of High‐Spin Polynuclear Magnetic Complexes into Coordination Networks: the Case of a [Mn4] Single‐Molecule Magnet Building Block (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 28/2008)
Authors: Roubeau Olivier , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the assembly of a [Mn4] single‐molecule magnet building block into various extended coordination networks of different dimensionalities. The rational assembly of such high‐spin complexes, as well as their original magnetic properties are reviewed and discussed in the Microreview by O. Roubeau and R. Clérac on p. 4325 ff.
Synthesis, Stability, and Crystal Structure of an Azulenium Cation Containing an Adamantyl Group
Authors: Oda Mitsunori , Nakajima Nobue , Thanh Nguyen Chung , Kitahara Kazuhiro , Miyatake Ryuta , Kuroda Shigeyasu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStarting from the trimethylsilyl enol ether of 1‐acetyl‐1,3,5‐cycloheptatriene, the title 1H‐azulenium cation was synthesized by a five‐step sequence that involved a Noyori–Mukaiyama aldol reaction, a Nazarov cyclization, a Shapiro reaction, and a hydride abstraction. The Nazarov reaction of the aldol‐type adduct resulted in the formation of an unusual double‐bond position isomer, which has never been obtained in similar reactions forming tetrahydroazulenones. The pKR+ value of the title cation was found to be 9.8, which is less than that expected by inductive stabilization from the number of carbons at the 1‐position. The X‐ray crystal structure of the title cation (ClO4– salt) reveals CH–O interactions and deformation of the azulenyl ion part.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Regioselective Domino Metathesis of 7‐Oxanorbornenes and Its Application to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Glutamate Analogues
Authors: Ikoma Minoru , Oikawa Masato , Gill Martin B. , Swanson Geoffrey T. , Sakai Ryuichi , Shimamoto Keiko , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA highly regioselective domino metathesis reaction of 7‐oxanorbornene was developed that employed an intramolecular association of an amide carbonyl group to a ruthenium metal centre. By using this reaction, twelve glutamate analogues inspired by dysiherbaine were efficiently synthesized over 12–14 steps; one of the analogues exhibited bioactivity consistent with central nervous system depression.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
When scowling may be a good thing: The influence of anger expressions on credibility
Authors: Hareli Shlomo , Harush Raveh , Suleiman Ramzi , Cossette Michel , Bergeron Stephanie , Lavoie Veronique , Dugay Guillaume , Hess Ursula 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEmotion displays do not only signal emotions but also have social signal value. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that expressing anger when complaining may lead to positive outcomes for the complainant because anger signals goal obstruction and hence the presence of real harm. The results suggest that the social signal value of anger enhances the credibility of the complainant and hence leads to better compensation, but only when the complaint itself presents room for doubt. For highly justified complaints the additional expression of anger does not add information and is discounted. In contrast, showing an affiliative‐smiling demeanor was found to enhance credibility for both types of complaints. Overall, the present research confirmed the important role of emotion expressions as social signals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power system restoration plan using the characteristics of scale‐free networks
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Yoon Yong T. , Lee Sang‐Seung , Lee Song‐Keun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA reliable electricity supply infrastructure is fundamental to modern living. An interruption to electricity services has such far reaching impact to our everyday lives to various industries compared to other service interruptions, thus to build in significant redundancy and various preventive measures to electric power system operation and planning is needed. Just as important as to incorporate redundancy and preventive measures however, an effective restoration plan needs to be in place since the possibility of electricity service interruption cannot be eliminated completely.In this paper, a novel power system restoration plan that utilizes the characteristic of so‐called scale‐free networks is proposed. For a scale‐free network, the importance of each node is determined based on the number of connections made to other nodes in that the nodes with many connections, thus important, are called “hubs.” A scale‐free network is a special complex network which follows a power law distribution, that is few hubs and many nodes with few connections at various system sizes. In the proposed plan the hubs are restored before other insignificant nodes in the system. It is shown that by doing so, the total restoration time can be reduced considerably, and notable improvements can be achieved with respect to the objective function in the mathematical formulation of electric power system restoration problem with a few constraints introduced in this paper. The effectiveness of proposed plan is tested with one of the planning problems such as valuation of black‐start capable generators using IEEE‐30 bus system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of wide and compact fourth‐order formulations of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Erturk Ercan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study the numerical performances of wide and compact fourth‐order formulation of the steady 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations will be investigated and compared with each other. The benchmark driven cavity flow problem will be solved using both wide and compact fourth‐order formulations and the numerical performances of both formulations will be presented and also the advantages and disadvantages of both formulations will be discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide autozygosity mapping in human populations
Authors: Wang Shuang , Haynes Chad , Barany Francis , Ott Jurg 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIndividuals are frequently observed to have long segments of uninterrupted sequences of homozygous markers. One of the major mechanisms that gives rise to such long homozygous segments is consanguineous marriages, where parents pass shared chromosomal segments to their child. Such chromosomal segments are also known as autozygous segments. The clinical evidence that progeny from inbred individuals may have reduced health and fitness because of homozygosity of recessive alleles is well known. As the length of such homozygous segments depends on the degree of parental consanguinity, it would be logical to observe shorter homozygous segments in more outbred populations. However, a recent study identified long homozygous regions, thus likely to be autozygous segments in the HapMap populations. While an abundance of homozygous segments may significantly reduce the ability to fine map disease genes using association studies, detecting tracts of extended homozygosity related to disease status seems the natural next step in genome‐wide association studies beyond allele, genotype and haplotype association analyses. In this study, we propose a new algorithm to map disease‐related segments based on autozygosity using case‐control data. The underlying rationale for the proposed method is that shared autozygosity regions that differ between diseased and healthy individuals may harbor mutations underlying diseases. Specifically, our algorithm uses a sliding‐window framework and employs a logarithm of the odds score measure of autozygosity coupled with permutation‐based methods to identify disease‐related regions. We illustrate the advantage of the algorithm with its application to a genome‐wide association study on Parkinson's disease. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Power comparisons between similarity‐based multilocus association methods, logistic regression, and score tests for haplotypes
Authors: Lin Wan‐Yu , Schaid Daniel J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecently, a genomic distance‐based regression for multilocus associations was proposed (Wessel and Schork [2006] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79:792–806) in which either locus or haplotype scoring can be used to measure genetic distance. Although it allows various measures of genomic similarity and simultaneous analyses of multiple phenotypes, its power relative to other methods for case‐control analyses is not well known. We compare the power of traditional methods with this new distance‐based approach, for both locus‐scoring and haplotype‐scoring strategies. We discuss the relative power of these association methods with respect to five properties: (1) the marker informativity; (2) the number of markers; (3) the causal allele frequency; (4) the preponderance of the most common high‐risk haplotype; (5) the correlation between the causal single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and its flanking markers. We found that locus‐based logistic regression and the global score test for haplotypes suffered from power loss when many markers were included in the analyses, due to many degrees of freedom. In contrast, the distance‐based approach was not as vulnerable to more markers or more haplotypes. A genotype counting measure was more sensitive to the marker informativity and the correlation between the causal SNP and its flanking markers. After examining the impact of the five properties on power, we found that on average, the genomic distance‐based regression that uses a matching measure for diplotypes was the most powerful and robust method among the seven methods we compared. Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the Schwann cell lineage: From the neural crest to the myelinated nerve
Authors: Woodhoo Ashwin , Sommer Lukas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe myelinating and nonmyelinating Schwann cells in peripheral nerves are derived from the neural crest, which is a transient and multipotent embryonic structure that also generates the other main glial subtypes of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cell development occurs through a series of transitional embryonic and postnatal phases, which are tightly regulated by a number of signals. During the early embryonic phases, neural crest cells are specified to give rise to Schwann cell precursors, which represent the first transitional stage in the Schwann cell lineage, and these then generate the immature Schwann cells. At birth, the immature Schwann cells differentiate into either the myelinating or nonmyelinating Schwann cells that populate the mature nerve trunks. In this review, we will discuss the biology of the transitional stages in embryonic and early postnatal Schwann cell development, including the phenotypic differences between them and the recently identified signaling pathways, which control their differentiation and maintenance. In addition, the role and importance of the microenvironment in which glial differentiation takes place will be discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CB1 cannabinoid receptor‐dependent and ‐independent inhibition of depolarization‐induced calcium influx in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Mato Susana , Alberdi Elena , Ledent Catherine , Watanabe Masahiko , Matute Carlos 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRegulation of Ca2+ homeostasis plays a critical role in oligodendrocyte function and survival. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors have been shown to regulate Ca2+ levels and/or K+ currents in a variety of cell types. In this study we investigated the effect of cannabinoid compounds on the Ca2+ influx elicited in cultured oligodendrocytes by transient membrane depolarization with an elevated extracellular K+ concentration (50 mM). The CB1 receptor agonist arachidonoyl‐chloro‐ethanolamide (ACEA) elicited a concentration‐dependent inhibition of depolarization‐evoked Ca2+ transients in oligodendroglial somata with a maximal effect (94 ± 3)% and an EC50 of 1.3 ± 0.03 μM. This activity was mimicked by the CB1/CB2 agonist CP55,940, as well as by the endocannabinoids N‐arachidonoyl‐ethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), whereas the CB2 receptor selective agonist JWH133 was ineffective. The CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1 μM) also reduced the Ca2+ response evoked by high extracellular K+ and did not prevent the inhibition elicited by ACEA (3 μM). Nevertheless, the ability of ACEA and AEA to reduce depolarization‐evoked Ca2+ transients was significantly reduced in oligodendrocytes from CB1 receptor knockout mice, as well as by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. Bath application of the inwardly rectifying K+ channels (Kir channels) blockers BaCl2 (300 μM) and CsCl2 (1 mM) reduced the size of voltage‐induced Ca2+ influx and partially prevented the inhibitory effect of ACEA. Our results indicate that cannabinoids inhibit depolarization‐evoked Ca2+ transients in oligodendrocytes via CB1 receptor‐independent and ‐dependent mechanisms that involve the activation of PTX‐sensitive Gi/o proteins and the blockade of Kir channels. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of syndecan‐2 in the amoeboid microglial cells and its involvement in inflammation in the hypoxic developing brain
Authors: Kaur C. , Sivakumar V. , Yip G. W. , Ling E. A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present study examined the expression of heparan sulphate proteoglycan, syndecan‐2 (Sdc‐2) in the corpus callosum and the amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) in the neonatal rat brain in response to hypoxia. In 1‐day old Wistar rats subjected to hypoxia the mRNA and protein expression of Sdc‐2 in the corpus callosum, heavily populated by AMC, was increased up to 3 days after the hypoxic exposure. Immunoexpression of Sdc‐2 was localized in AMC as confirmed by double labeling using microglial marker. Primary cultures of microglial cells subjected to hypoxia showed a significant increase in Sdc‐2 expression. Application of Sdc‐2 to microglial cultures under hypoxia increased the release of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) by the microglial cells. Additionally, Sdc‐2 enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by microglia subjected to hypoxia. Edaravone [3‐methyl‐1phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one], an antioxidant drug, suppressed the hypoxia‐ and Sdc‐2‐induced increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and ROS. In the light of these findings, we suggest that Sdc‐2 plays an important role in microglial production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and ROS in hypoxic conditions. In this connection, edaravone suppressed the hypoxia‐ and Sdc‐2‐induced increased cytokine and ROS production suggesting its therapeutic potential in ameliorating neuroinflammation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The glycoprotein fibulin‐3 regulates morphology and motility of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro
Authors: Vukovic Jana , Ruitenberg Marc J. , Roet Kasper , Franssen Elske , Arulpragasam Ajanthy , Sasaki Takako , Verhaagen Joost , Harvey Alan R. , Busfield Samantha J. , Plant Giles W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe primary olfactory pathway in adult mammals has retained a remarkable potential for self‐repair. A specialized glial cell within the olfactory nerve, called olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC), and their associated extracellular matrix are thought to play an important role during regenerative events in this system. To gain insight into novel molecules that could mediate the OEC‐supported growth of axons within the olfactory nerve, gene expression profiling experiments were conducted which revealed high expression of the glycoprotein fibulin‐3 in OECs. This observation was confirmed with quantitative PCR. In vivo, the distribution of all members of the fibulin family, fibulin‐3 included, was localized to the lamina propria underneath the olfactory epithelium, in close association within olfactory nerve bundles. To manipulate fibulin‐3 gene expression in cultured OECs, lentiviral vector constructs were designed to either transgenically express or knock‐down fibulin‐3. Experimental data showed that increased levels of fibulin‐3 induced profound morphological changes in cultured OECs, impeded with their migratory abilities and also suppressed OEC‐mediated neurite outgrowth. Knock‐down of fibulin‐3 levels resulted in reduced OEC proliferation. In conclusion, the data provide novel insights into a putative role for fibulin‐3 in the regulation of cell migration and neurite outgrowth within the primary olfactory pathway. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.