bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemic networks and the social nature of public engagement with science
Authors: Feinstein Noah Weeth , Baram‐Tsabari Ayelet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis theoretical paper focuses on the social processes of public engagement with science and their implications for science education. The core of our argument is that science education should help people become better at evaluating, using, and curating their epistemic networks to make personal and civic decisions and to understand the natural world. In this context, an epistemic network is a set of people who support sensemaking by providing new information and aiding in the interpretation and reconstruction of scientific knowledge in context. We believe epistemic networks are an important consideration for science education, particularly when misinformation plays an outsized role in the cultural landscape. Understanding when epistemic networks are useful and how science education should incorporate them requires a clear sense of how they work in different contexts. We start by contrasting the inevitably social nature of all public engagement with science with the particularly social or interpersonal nature of some public engagement with science. We draw on research from education, communication, and science and technology studies to develop the idea of an epistemic network and to describe two basic types: the individual resource network and the collective action network. We illustrate each type with an extended example that is hypothetical but informed by both research and experience. Finally, we discuss how science education can incorporate epistemic networks, as well as the challenges inherent in that educational strategy.
Interleukin‐4 inhibits the hypothalamic appetite control by modulating the insulin‐AKT and JAK‐STAT signaling in leptin mutant mice
Authors: Chen Shu‐Mei , Hsiao Chiao‐Wan , Chen Yen‐Ju , Hong Chen‐Jee , Lin Jung‐Chun , Yang Ching‐Ping , Chang Yih‐Hsin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOur previous research identified interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) as a key regulator of glucose/lipid metabolism, circulatory leptin levels, and insulin action, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for obesity and related complications. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of IL‐4 in regulating hypothalamic appetite‐controlling neuropeptides using leptin dysfunctional Leptin145E/145E mice as the experimental model. IL‐4 significantly reduces body weight, food intake, and serum glucose levels. Our data demonstrated that IL‐4 exhibits multiple functions in regulating hypothalamic appetite control, including downregulating orexigenic agouti‐related peptide and neuropeptide Y levels, promoting expression of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin, alleviating microenvironmental hypothalamic inflammation, enhancing leptin and insulin pathway, and attenuating insulin resistance. Furthermore, IL‐4 promotes uncoupling protein 1 expression of white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting its role in triggering WAT‐beige switch. In summary, this study uncovers novel function of IL‐4 in mediating food‐intake behaviors and metabolic efficiency by regulating hypothalamic appetite‐control and WAT browning activities. These findings support the therapeutic potential of targeting hypothalamic inflammation and reducing adiposity through IL‐4 intervention for tackling the pandemic increasing prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH negatively regulates intercellular communication via gap junctions by targeting connexin43 for lysosomal degradation
Authors: Totland Max Zachrisson , Knudsen Lars Mørland , Rasmussen Nikoline Lander , Omori Yasufumi , Sørensen Vigdis , Elster Vilde C. Wivestad , Stenersen Jakob Mørkved , Larsen Mathias , Jensen Caroline Lunder , Zickfeldt Lade Anna A. , Bruusgaard Emilie , Basing Sebastian , Kryeziu Kushtrim , Brech Andreas , Aasen Trond , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Leithe Edward 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntercellular communication via gap junctions has a fundamental role in regulating cell growth and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation may be involved in cancer development and radio- and chemotherapy resistance. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitously expressed gap junction channel protein in human tissues. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of the sorting of Cx43 to lysosomes is important in mediating the loss of Cx43-based gap junctions in cancer cells. However, the molecular basis underlying this process is currently poorly understood. Here, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH as a novel regulator of intercellular communication via gap junctions. We demonstrate that ITCH promotes loss of gap junctions in cervical cancer cells, which is associated with increased degradation of Cx43 in lysosomes. The data further indicate that ITCH interacts with and regulates Cx43 ubiquitination and that the ITCH-induced loss of Cx43-based gap junctions requires its catalytic HECT (homologous to E6-AP C-terminus) domain. The data also suggest that the ability of ITCH to efficiently promote loss of Cx43-based gap junctions and degradation of Cx43 depends on a functional PY (PPXY) motif in the C-terminal tail of Cx43. Together, these data provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying the degradation of Cx43 and have implications for the understanding of how intercellular communication via gap junctions is lost during cancer development.
PALB2-mutated human mammary cells display a broad spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities induced by increased TGFβ signaling
Authors: Tuppurainen Hanna , Laurila Niina , Nätynki Marjut , Eshraghi Leila , Tervasmäki Anna , Erichsen Louisa , Sørensen Claus Storgaard , Pylkäs Katri , Winqvist Robert , Peltoketo Hellevi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterozygous mutations in any of three major genes, BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2, are associated with high-risk hereditary breast cancer susceptibility frequently seen as familial disease clustering. PALB2 is a key interaction partner and regulator of several vital cellular activities of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and is thus required for DNA damage repair and alleviation of replicative and oxidative stress. Little is however known about how PALB2-deficiency affects cell function beyond that, especially in the three-dimensional setting, and also about its role during early steps of malignancy development. To answer these questions, we have generated biologically relevant MCF10A mammary epithelial cell lines with mutations that are comparable to certain clinically important PALB2 defects. We show in a non-cancerous background how both mono- and biallelically PALB2-mutated cells exhibit gross spontaneous DNA damage and mitotic aberrations. Furthermore, PALB2-deficiency disturbs three-dimensional spheroid morphology, increases the migrational capacity and invasiveness of the cells, and broadly alters their transcriptome profiles. TGFβ signaling and KRT14 expression are enhanced in PALB2-mutated cells and their inhibition and knock down, respectively, lead to partial restoration of cell functions. KRT14-positive cells are also more abundant with DNA damage than KRT14-negative cells. The obtained results indicate comprehensive cellular changes upon PALB2 mutations, even in the presence of half dosage of wild type PALB2 and demonstrate how PALB2 mutations may predispose their carriers to malignancy.
CCDC28A deficiency causes sperm head defects, reduced sperm motility and male infertility in mice
Authors: Zhou Hongbin , Zhang Zhihua , Qu Ronggui , Zhu Hongying , Luo Yuxi , Li Qun , Mu Jian , Yu Ran , Zeng Yang , Chen Biaobang , Sang Qing , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMature spermatozoa with normal morphology and motility are essential for male reproduction. The epididymis has an important role in the proper maturation and function of spermatozoa for fertilization. However, factors related to the processes involved in spermatozoa modifications are still unclear. Here we demonstrated that CCDC28A, a member of the CCDC family proteins, is highly expressed in testes and the CCDC28A deletion leads to male infertility. We found CCDC28A deletion had a mild effect on spermatogenesis. And epididymal sperm collected from Ccdc28a−/− mice showed bent sperm heads, acrosomal defects, reduced motility and decreased in vitro fertilization competence whereas their axoneme, outer dense fibers, and fibrous sheath were all normal. Furthermore, we found that CCDC28A interacted with sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 (SPACA1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3a (GSK3A), and deficiencies in both proteins in mice led to bent heads and abnormal acrosomes, respectively. Altogether, our results reveal the essential role of CCDC28A in regulating sperm morphology and motility and suggesting a potential marker for male infertility.
Classical and Quantised Resolvent Algebras for the Cylinder
Authors: van Nuland T. D. H. , Stienstra R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Buchholz and Grundling (Commun Math Phys 272:699–750, 2007) introduced a

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebra called the resolvent algebra as a canonical quantisation of a symplectic vector space and demonstrated that this algebra has several desirable features. We define an analogue of their resolvent algebra on the cotangent bundle

$$T^*\mathbb {T}^n$$

T
∗

T

n

of an n-torus by first generalising the classical analogue of the resolvent algebra defined by the first author of this paper in earlier work (van Nuland in J Funct Anal 277:2815–2838, 2019) and subsequently applying Weyl quantisation. We prove that this quantisation is almost strict in the sense of Rieffel and show that our resolvent algebra shares many features with the original resolvent algebra. We demonstrate that both our classical and quantised algebras are closed under the time evolutions corresponding to large classes of potentials. Finally, we discuss their relevance to lattice gauge theory.
Genotype-by-environment interactions and local adaptation shape selection in the US National Chip Processing Trial
Authors: Agha Husain I. , Endelman Jeffrey B. , Chitwood-Brown Jessica , Clough Mark , Coombs Joseph , De Jong Walter S. , Douches David S. , Higgins Charles R. , Holm David G. , Novy Richard , Resende Marcio F. R. , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar , Thompson Asunta L. , Yencho G. Craig , Zotarelli Lincoln , Shannon Laura M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Key message
We find evidence of selection for local adaptation and extensive genotype-by-environment interaction in the potato National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT).

Abstract
We present a novel method for dissecting the interplay between selection, local adaptation and environmental response in plant breeding schemes. Balancing local adaptation and the desire for widely adapted cultivars is challenging for plant breeders and makes genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) an important target of selection. Selecting for GxE requires plant breeders to evaluate plants across multiple environments. One way breeders have accomplished this is to test advanced materials across many locations. Public potato breeders test advanced breeding material in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT), a public–private partnership where breeders from ten institutions submit advanced chip lines to be evaluated in up to ten locations across the country. These clones are genotyped and phenotyped for important agronomic traits. We used these data to interrogate the NCPT for GxE. Further, because breeders submitting clones to the NCPT select in a relatively small geographic range for the first 3 years of selection, we examined these data for evidence of incidental selection for local adaptation, and the alleles underlying it, using an environmental genome-wide association study (envGWAS). We found genomic regions associated with continuous environmental variables and discrete breeding programs, as well as regions of the genome potentially underlying GxE for yield.
The open texture of ‘algorithm’ in legal language
Authors: Baldini Davide , De Benedetto Matteo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we will survey the different uses of the term algorithm in contemporary legal practice. We will argue that the concept of algorithm currently exhibits a substantial degree of open texture, co-determined by the open texture of the concept of algorithm itself and by the open texture inherent to legal discourse. We will substantiate our argument by virtue of a case study, in which we analyze a recent jurisprudential case where the first and second-degree judges have carved-out contrasting notions of algorithm. We will see that, thanks to our analysis of the open texture of the notion of algorithm in legal language, we can make sense of the different decisions taken by the judges as different contextually-determined sharpenings of the concept of algorithm. Finally, we will draw some general conclusions concerning the use of technical terms in legal instruments that address new technologies, such as the EU AI Act.
5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptor antagonism differentially modulate reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility: behavioural and computational evidence
Authors: Hervig Mona El- Sayed , Zühlsdorff Katharina , Olesen Sarah F. , Phillips Benjamin , Božič Tadej , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Alsiö Johan , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt behaviour in response to a changing environment, is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder. Evidence suggests that flexibility, which can be operationalised using reversal learning tasks, is modulated by serotonergic transmission. However, how exactly flexible behaviour and associated reinforcement learning (RL) processes are modulated by 5-HT action on specific receptors is unknown.

Objectives
We investigated the effects of 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) antagonism on flexibility and underlying RL mechanisms.

Methods
Thirty-six male Lister hooded rats were trained on a touchscreen visual discrimination and reversal task. We evaluated the effects of systemic treatments with the 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR antagonists M100907 and SB-242084, respectively, on reversal learning and performance on probe trials where correct and incorrect stimuli were presented with a third, probabilistically rewarded, stimulus. Computational models were fitted to task choice data to extract RL parameters, including a novel model designed specifically for this task.

Results
5-HT2AR antagonism impaired reversal learning only after an initial perseverative phase, during a period of random choice and then new learning. 5-HT2CR antagonism, on the other hand, impaired learning from positive feedback. RL models further differentiated these effects. 5-HT2AR antagonism decreased punishment learning rate (i.e. negative feedback) at high and low doses. The low dose also decreased reinforcement sensitivity (beta) and increased stimulus and side stickiness (i.e., the tendency to repeat a choice regardless of outcome). 5-HT2CR antagonism also decreased beta, but reduced side stickiness.

Conclusions
These data indicate that 5-HT2A and 5-HT2CRs both modulate different aspects of flexibility, with 5-HT2ARs modulating learning from negative feedback as measured using RL parameters and 5-HT2CRs for learning from positive feedback assessed through conventional measures.
What constitutes breast-related quality of life? A comparison of normative scores of two BREAST-Q modules
Authors: Paganini Anna , Jensen Emmelie Widmark , Jepsen Christian , Hansson Emma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
BREAST-Q, with modules for augmentation, reduction/mastopexy, and breast cancer is the most frequently used instrument for assessing breast-disease specific quality of life which, according to the BREAST-Q-manual, also can be used to compare different patient groups. The primary aim of the present study was to compare scores from the pre-operative breast cancer module and the reduction/mastopexy module from healthy women. The secondary aim was to compare version 1 and 2 of the two modules.

Methods
This study extends on previously published data and compares the result of the two studies creating Swedish normative scores for BREAST-Q. All participants answered the two BREAST-Q modules at the same time.

Results
There was a difference between average and range of scores for some domains, especially for the physical well-being domain. Moreover, there was a difference in scores between version 1.0 and 2.0 of the domains.

Conclusions
The results suggest that different modules cannot be used to compare different patient groups. This begs the question if the time has come for a comprehensive pre-operative BREAST-Q domains that measure breast-related quality of life irrespective of any specific breast-conditions. The difference between version 1.0 and 2.0 of BREAST-Q, might lead to difficulty when results from different studies are compared.

Level of Evidence
Not ratable
Voiding cystourethrography in patients undergoing endoscopic decompression of duplex system ureteroceles: to do or not to do?
Authors: Contini Giorgia , Mele Ermelinda , Barneschi Andrea Celeste , Esposito Ciro , Castagnetti Marco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To assess the role of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in patients with duplex system ureterocele (DSU) undergoing endoscopic decompression (ED).

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective study of 75 consecutive patients with DSU undergoing ED [median (range) age, 6 (1–148) months]. Patients were divided into 3 groups, 33 with a VCUG showing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) before ED (VUR-group), 22 with a VCUG negative for VUR (No-VUR-group), and 20 who did not undergo a VCUG (No-VCUG-group). Secondary surgery (SS) rate was compared among groups.

Results
Groups were comparable for baseline characteristics. SS rate was 82% (27/33) in VUR-group vs. 32% (7/22) in the No-VUR-group (p = 0.0001), and 25% (5/20) in the No-VCUG-group (p = 0.001 vs. VUR-group, and 1 vs. No-VUR-group). In the VUR-group, 9 patients underwent preemptive endoscopic treatment of VUR during ED and SS rate was 44% (4/9) vs. 96% (23/24) in the remainder, p= 0.003. In the No-VCUG-group, a VCUG was performed during follow-up in 9/15 patients and showed reflux in all, although only 2 of these developed a (single) urinary tract infections.

Conclusions
SS rate was significantly higher in patients with preoperative VUR. Instead, it was not significantly different between patients without VUR and those who did not undergo a VCUG before ED, despite all the latter who underwent a VCUG during follow-up had evidence of VUR generally in the absence of symptoms. In our opinion, a VCUG could be limited to patients developing symptoms after ED. If a VCUG is performed before ED, a preemptive treatment of VUR should be taken into consideration.
High-risk coronary plaque of sudden cardiac death victims: postmortem CT angiographic features and histopathologic findings
Authors: Michaud Katarzyna , Rotzinger David C , Faouzi Mohamed , Grabherr Silke , Qanadli Salah D , van der Wal Allard C , Magnin Virginie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh-risk coronary plaques (HRP) are characterized in clinical radiological imaging by the presence of low plaque attenuation, a napkin-ring sign (NRS), spotty calcifications (SC) and a positive remodeling index (RI). To evaluate if these signs are detectable in postmortem imaging by a multi-phase postmortem CT angiography (MPMCTA), a retrospective study of a series of autopsy well-documented coronary plaques related to sudden cardiac death (SCD) was performed. Then correlations between histological and radiological findings were described. Fourty SCD cases due to acute coronary syndrome based on clinical history and confirmed at autopsy were selected (28 men and 12 women, age 53.3 ± 10.9). The culprit lesion was mainly situated in the proximal segments of coronary arteries, in the right coronary artery in 23 cases (57.5%), the left anterior descending artery in 13 cases (32.5%), the circumflex artery in 3 cases (7.5%) and in one case in the left main stem. MPMCTA showed a positive RI (≥ 1.1) in 75% of cases with a mean RI 1.39 ± 0.71. RI values were lower in cases with fibrotic plaques. NRS was observed in 40% of cases, low attenuation plaque in 46.3%, and SC in 48.7% of cases. There were significant correlations of the radiological presence of NRS for fibrolipid composition of the plaque (p-value 0.007), severe intraplaque inflammation (p-value 0.017), severe adventitial inflammation (p-value 0.021) and an increased vasa vasorum (p-value 0.012). A significant correlation (p-value 0.002) was observed between the presence of SC at radiological examination and the presence of punctuate/fragmented calcification at histology. In addition, in 58.3% of cases, plaque enhancement was observed, which correlated with plaque inflammation and the fibrolipid composition of the plaque. The coronary artery calcium score was 314 (± 455). There was a poor agreement between stenosis of the lumen at histology versus radiology. Our study shows that the various radiological signs of HRP can be detected in all plaques by MPMCTA, but individually only to a variable extent; plaque enhancement appeared as a new sign of vulnerability. In the postmortem approach, these radiological markers of HRP, should always be applied in combination, which can be useful for developing a predictive model for diagnosing coronary SCD.
Optical power profiles and aberrations of a non-diffractive wavefront-shaping extended depth of focus intraocular lens
Authors: Garzón Nuria , Gómez-Pedrero José Antonio , Albarrán-Diego César , Fernández-Núñez Sara , Villanueva Gómez-Chacón Sara , García-Montero María 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study is to evaluate the optical characteristics of a non-diffractive wavefront-shaping intraocular lens which incorporates surface refractive modifications for shaping the wavefront in order to achieve extended depth of focus (EDoF) and to assess whether the nominal power of this IOL influences the attainable add power.

Methods
A commercially available optical bench NIMO TR1504 device (LAMBDA-X, Nivelles, Belgium) was employed to obtain full optical characterization of three non-diffractive EDoF intraocular lenses with + 10 D, + 20 D, and + 30 D powers. After NIMO measurements, data were computed using a custom-made MATLAB program (Mathworks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) to evaluate the optical quality functions, such as the point spread function (PSF), wavefront profiles, and modulation transfer function (MTF) for two pupil sizes: 3 mm and 4.0 mm.

Results
The non-diffractive EDoF intraocular lens showed a central serrated power profile behavior with additions of + 2.00 to + 2.50 D over the nominal power. Higher order aberrations were found to be driven mainly by the spherical aberration, with almost null comatic influence. Optical quality metrics showed good values, better for a 3 mm pupil compared to a 4.5 mm one, as expected. The three IOL powers tested showed a very similar behavior in terms of power and aberrometric profiles, with minimal to null differences related to the nominal power.

Conclusion
The non-diffractive wavefront-shaping EDoF intraocular lens achieves a near addition up to + 2.50 D aiming for an extended range of vision, almost independently of the base power.