bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Medial Pulvinar Thalamic Nucleus in Human Temporal Lobe Seizures
Authors: Rosenberg Dominique S. , Mauguière François , Demarquay Geneviève , Ryvlin Philippe , Isnard Jean , Fischer Catherine , Guénot Marc , Magnin Michel 
Published: January 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Several animal studies suggest that the thalamus might be involved in the maintenance and propagation of epileptic seizures. However, electrophysiologic evidence for this implication in human partial epileptic seizures is still lacking. Considering the rich and reciprocal connectivity of the medial pulvinar (PuM) with the temporal lobe, we evaluated a potential participation of this thalamic nucleus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: The electrophysiologic activity of PuM was recorded during stereoelectroencephalographic exploration of spontaneous temporal lobe seizures in 14 patients referred for presurgical assessment of refractory TLE. Results: We recorded PuM ictal activity in 80% of the 74 seizures that we analyzed. This activity was characterized by rhythmic slow‐waves or rhythmic spikes (RSW‐RS) or both or by low‐voltage fast activity (LVFA) in 64% and 36% of seizures, respectively. RSW‐RS occurred mostly in seizures arising from mesiotemporal structures, whereas LVFA was more frequently observed in seizures of neocortical origin. In the 15 seizures without PuM ictal activity, spreading of the seizure outside the onset zone never occurred, whereas it did in 78% of seizures with PuM ictal involvement. Discharge propagation was systematic when PuM involvement corresponded to LVFA, whatever the seizure onset zone was, whereas it represented only 66% of the seizures when PuM exhibited RSW‐RS. Conclusions: This study shows that ictal changes in PuM activity are frequently observed during temporal lobe seizures and suggests that this thalamic nucleus might participate in their propagation.
Efficacy of Dexamathasone on Cerebral Swelling and Seizures during Subdural Grid EEG Recording in Children
Authors: Araki Takashi , Otsubo Hiroshi , Makino Yuko , Elliott Irene , Iida Koji , Ochi Ayako , Weiss Shelly K. , Chuang Sylvester H. , Rutka James T. , Snead O. Carter 
Published: January 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate the impact of steroid treatment on cerebral swelling and seizures during subdural grid EEG (SGEEG) monitoring. Methods: We reviewed data from 37 pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent SGEEG monitoring and divided the patients into those who received dexamethasone and those who did not. We then correlated administration of steroids to incidence of cerebral swelling on computed tomography (CT) scans and to frequency of seizures during SGEEG. Results: Twenty‐three patients received dexamethasone prophylactically every 6 hours (dosage range, 1–7.5 mg; mean, 3.2 mg) from the first day of SGEEG placement (group A); 14 patients received no dexamethasone (group B). Eight (21.6%) of 37 patients experienced cerebral swelling on CT: two (9%) were in group A, and six (42.9%) were in group B (p < 0.05). SGEEG monitoring time for recording habitual seizures that localized cortical areas for surgical excision was longer in group A (1–6 days; mean, 3.0) than it was in group B (1–3 days; mean, 2.2), (p < 0.05). Habitual seizures were recorded in 36 patients. One group A patient experienced obtundation due to cerebral swelling, and monitoring in this patient was discontinued. Conclusions: The prophylactic administration of steroids to pediatric patients during SGEEG monitoring is efficacious for reducing cerebral swelling. Although it decreases the frequency of habitual seizures and increases seizure‐monitoring time, dexamethasone reduces the risk of complications from cerebral swelling during the SGEEG procedure.
Long‐term Follow‐up of Patients with Benign Partial Epilepsy in Infancy
Authors: Okumura Akihisa , Watanabe Kazuyoshi , Negoro Tamiko , Hayakawa Fumio , Kato Toru , Maruyama Koichi , Kubota Tetsuo , Suzuki Motomasa , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Azuma Yoshiteru 
Published: January 2006

Summary:  Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term outcome of children with benign partial epilepsy in infancy (BPEI). Methods: A telephone‐interview survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with patients who were diagnosed as having possible BPEI at age 2 years and who were 8 years or older at the time of the survey. The data from 39 of 48 patients were available. The median age at the time of the survey was 11.3 years; 18 boys and 21 girls were included. Results: Three patients had a recurrence of unprovoked seizure beyond age 2 years. Four patients had cognitive problems (mild mental retardation in three and Asperger syndrome in one). An association of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis was observed in three patients, and another three had experienced seizures associated with mild gastroenteritis. Major behavioral problems were not recognized in any patients. Four patients were excluded from having definite BPEI at age 5 years, and another two were excluded for having definite BPEI at the last follow‐up. Eventually, 33 of 39 patients were categorized as having definite BPEI beyond 8 years of age. Conclusions: A large majority of patients diagnosed as possibly having BPEI at age 2 years did not have a recurrence of unprovoked seizures and cognitive problems beyond 8 years of age.
Tools for Financial Innovation: Neoclassical versus Behavioral Finance
Authors: Shiller Robert J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe behavioral finance revolution in academic finance in the last several decades is best described as a return to a more eclectic approach to financial modeling. The earlier neoclassical finance revolution that had swept the finance profession in the 1960s and 1970s represented the overly‐enthusiastic pursuit of only one model. Freed from the tyranny of just one model, financial research is now making faster progress, and that progress can be expected to show material benefits. An example of the application of both behavioral finance and neoclassical finance is discussed: the reform of Social Security and the introduction of personal accounts.
Leaf chlorophyll concentration relates to transpiration efficiency in peanut
Authors: Sheshshayee M.S. , Bindumadhava H. , Rachaputi N.R. , Prasad T.G. , Udayakumar M. , Wright G.C. , Nigam S.N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwo pot experiments were conducted in two different seasons at the University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore, India, to study (a) the relationship between chlorophyll concentration (by measuring the leaf light‐transmittance characteristics using a SPAD metre) and transpiration efficiency (TE) and (b) the effect of leaf N on chlorophyll and TE relationship in peanut. In Experiment (Expt) I, six peanut genotypes with wide genetic variation for the specific leaf area (SLA) were used. In Expt II, three non‐nodulating isogenic lines were used to study the effect of N levels on leaf chlorophyll concentration–TE relationship without potential confounding effects in biological nitrogen fixation. Leaf N was manipulated by applying N fertiliser in Expt II. Chlorophyll concentration, TE (g dry matter kg−1 of H2O transpired, measured using gravimetric method), specific leaf nitrogen (g N m−2, SLN), SLA (cm2 g−1), carbon isotope composition (Δ13C) were determined in the leaves sampled during the treatment period (35–55 days after sowing) in the two experiments. Results showed that the leaf chlorophyll concentration expressed as soil plant analytical development (SPAD) chlorophyll metre reading (SCMR) varied significantly among genotypes in Expt I and as a result of N application in Expt II. Changes in leaf N levels were strongly associated with changes in SCMR, TE and Δ13C. In both the experiments, a significant positive relationship between SCMR and TE with similar slopes but differing intercepts was noticed. However, correction of TE for seasonal differences in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) between the two experiments resulted in a single and stronger relationship between SCMR and TE. There was a significant inverse relationship between SCMR and Δ13C, suggesting a close linkage between chlorophyll concentration and Δ13C in peanut. This study provides the first evidence for a significant positive relationship between TE and leaf chlorophyll concentration in peanut. The study also describes the effect of growing environment on the relationships among SLA, SLN and SCMR.
In vitro rapid regeneration of plantlets from nodal explants of Mucuna pruriens– a valuable medicinal plant
Authors: Faisal M. , Siddique I. , Anis M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA rapid and efficient protocol for the large‐scale propagation of a potential medicinal plant, Mucuna pruriens, through in vitro culture of nodal segment explants obtained from 15‐day‐old aseptic seedlings is described. Of the three different cytokinins, 6‐benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin) and 2‐isopentenyl adenine (2‐iP) evaluated as supplements to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, BA at an optimal concentration of 5.0 μM was effective in inducing multiple shoots. Strength of the basal media also influenced the efficiency of shoot regeneration. The frequency of shoot regeneration tended to increase when the salt concentration in the basal media was reduced. Highest number of multiple shoots (23.3) and maximum average length (5.6 cm) were standardised on half‐strength MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM BA along with 0.5 μM α‐naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at pH 5.8. Rooting was best induced in shoots excised from proliferated shoot cultures on MS medium augmented with an optimal concentration of 1.0 μM indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro‐raised plantlets with well‐developed shoots and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse with 90% survival rate. The results of this study provide the first report on in vitro plant regeneration of M. pruriens.
The faintest accretors
Authors: King A. R. , Wijnands R. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Recent X-ray observations have detected a class of very faint X-ray transients in the Galaxy which probably reveal a previously unrecognized type of accretion on to neutron stars or black holes. We show that these systems cannot have descended from binaries with stellar-mass components of normal composition. Accretion of hydrogen-depleted matter on to stellar-mass black holes can account for individual systems, but requires that these transients should be observed to repeat within a few years, and does not explain why the class is distinctly faint.
Two other explanations appear to be quite natural. One invokes accretion by neutron stars or stellar-mass black holes from companions that were already brown dwarfs or planets when the systems formed, i.e. which did not descend from low-mass stars. The other possibility is that these systems are the endpoints of primordial (zero-metallicity) binaries in which the primary was extremely massive, and collapsed to a black hole of mass ≳1000 M⊙. The (primordial) companion must by now have reached an extremely low mass (≲0.01 M⊙) and be transferring mass at a very low rate to the black hole. This picture avoids the main difficulty encountered by models invoking intermediate-mass black hole formation at non-primordial metallicities, and is a natural consequence of some current ideas about Population III star formation.
Cosmic rays, lithium abundance and excess entropy in galaxy clusters
Authors: Nath Biman B. , Madau Piero , Silk Joseph 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
We consider the production of 6Li in spallation reactions by cosmic rays in order to explain the observed abundance in halo metal-poor stars. We show that heating of ambient gas by cosmic rays is an inevitable consequence of this process, and estimate the energy input required to reproduce the observed abundance of 6Li/H ∼ 10−11 to be of the order of a few hundred eV per particle. We draw attention to the possibility that this could explain the excess entropy in gas in galaxy groups and clusters. The evolution of 6Li and the accompanying heating of gas are calculated for structures collapsing at the present epoch with injection of cosmic rays at high redshift. We determine the energy required to explain the abundance of 6Li at z∼ 2 corresponding to the formation epoch of halo metal-poor stars, and also an increased entropy level of ∼300 keV cm2 necessary to explain X-ray observations of clusters. The energy budget for this process is consistent with the expected energy output of radio-loud active galactic nuclei, and the diffusion length-scale of cosmic ray protons responsible for heating is comparable to the size of regions with excess entropy. We also discuss the constraints imposed by the extragalactic gamma-ray background.
Discovery of a nearby M9 dwarf
Authors: Phan-Bao N. , Bessell M. S. , Martín E. L. , Simon G. , Guibert J. , Forveille T. , Delfosse X. , Crifo F. , Epchtein N. , Wood P. , Tajahmady F. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
We report the discovery of a new M9.0 dwarf at only 8.2 pc, which we identified in our search for nearby ultracool dwarf (I−J≥ 3.0, later than M8.0) in the DENIS data base. We measure a very high proper motion of 2.5 arcsec yr−1. The PC3 index measured from its low-resolution spectrum gives a spectrophotometric distance of 8.2 pc. This makes it the third closest M9.0 dwarf.
The Rheology of Soil Pastes
Authors: Scott Blair G. W. 
Published: January 2006

An apparatus is described for investigating the behavior of soil-water and clay-water pastes while flowing through narrow glass tubes. The nature of the curves relating rate of flow to shearing stress is discussed. It is found necessary to introduce a new constant into the flow equation, without which various serious errors occur in estimating the viscosity of very thin pastes, and the mobility of thicker ones.
While the author is at present unable to present any complete equation or series of equations to relate rate-of-flow to shearing stress independent of capillary dimensions for the whole range of stress investigated, yet certain constants of the material can be obtained having independent dimensions which are closely related to the properties of the soil as measured in the field and in the laboratory.
On the Rate of Shear in Capillary Tubes
Authors: Herschel Winslow H. 
Published: January 2006

Since little is known concerning the laws of plastic flow, it is often convenient to use approximate methods of calculation based on the law of Poiseuille for simple viscous liquids. Neglecting the kinetic energy correction, the reciprocal of the viscosity is Fluidity = 4qπR3PR2L = YX (1)
where q = rate of flow in cm3 per second
P = pressure causing flow
R and L = radius and length of capillary
An Analytical Study of Leveling
Authors: Waring R. K. 
Published: January 2006

It is assumed that the leveling of a pigment-vehicle mixture is a function of surface tension, yield value, and dimensions of brush marks.
A relationship is derived which takes the form h = d28 fγ
where h = depth of brush mark and is taken as a measure of leveling
d = width of brush mark
f = yield value
γ = surface tension.
Assuming reasonable values for γ and d, it is calculated that a pigment-vehicle mixture with a yield value less than 2.8 dynescm2 levels satisfactorily.
On a Simple Model Explaining the Hardening Effect in Poly-Crystalline Metals
Authors: Hencky H. 
Published: January 2006

The strain-hardening observed in poly-crystalline metals is also present in the elastic state, but is here hidden by the comparatively big value of the modulus of shear.
A simple microstructural model is described and statistically treated. The model shows all the features, which we observe in the tension- and compression-test, and explains the Bauschinger-effect and the brittleness after plastic strain.
Some Physical Properties of Wiping Solders
Authors: McLean D. A. , Peek R. L. , Schumacher E. E. 
Published: January 2006

The plasticity of a number of solders at wiping temperatures has been determined by compression tests between parallel plates. The character of the flow is found to be that corresponding to a linear relation between shearing stress and a fractional power of the velocity gradient. This corresponds approximately to a relation between rate of compression (dhdt) and sample height (h) given by the equation: dhdt = khb, in which k and b are constants, of which b is independent of the test conditions. For viscous materials b = 5.0; for most solders b is greater than 5.0, and increasing values of b are associated with lower temperature gradients of plasticity. It is shown that a solder must have a low temperature gradient of plasticity in order to be properly wiped, and that determination of the value of b by means of a plasticity test can therefore be used to evaluate the working properties of a solder.
A number of factors upon which the plasticity of wiping solders and the porosity of wiped joints may depend have been investigated. In particular, it is shown that segregation is not responsible for porosity, but that the latter may be dependent upon the particle size of the solid phase at wiping temperatures. The relation of particle size to the wetting power of the liquid phase is discussed.
Approximate Calibration of Apparatus for Measuring Absolute Viscosity
Authors: Weiss C. H. , Louis M. 
Published: January 2006

In calibrating any apparatus adapted to measuring directly the coefficient of absolute viscosity of liquids, the constant must be obtained within certain limits of error. Direct calculation would lead a priori to about 1 per cent for this error. The experiments made up to date show that it is more and that it may be 2 per cent. The authors attribute these additional errors to the great variation of viscosity with temperature of the standard liquids used, and to the uncertainty in maintaining uniformity of temperature in these liquids.
The custom of using only such viscometric apparatus that is capable of giving directly a correct measure of this physical constant is spreading more and more among technologists of the oil industry. More and more often the objection is raised that these instruments are rather delicate in manipulation. The one thing really necessary for transpiration instruments is to have a set of capillary tubes, which assures laminar streaming, the so-called Poiseuille régime, during every determination.
Since it is impossible to construct capillaries of predetermined dimensions, it is necessary to calibrate each tube before releasing it for service.
It is in a course of preliminary experiments toward the establishment of a center for the calibration of viscometrical tubes at the National School for Petroleum at Strasbourg, that we have been led to make the above remarks. We should like to have the opinions of others who have had occasion to do similar work.
Some Physical Properties of Pure Ricinoleic Acid: The Refractive Index, Specific Gravity, and Viscosity
Authors: André Emile , Vernier Chas. 
Published: January 2006

In modifying previous methods for obtaining pure ricinoleic acid, the authors were able to prepare the compound with a degree of purity which had not previously been reached and discovered that very pure sodium ricinoleate may be crystallized from its alcoholic solution.
The authors determined a series of physical properties of pure ricinoleic acid, the specific gravity, refractive index, and viscosity at various temperatures. These determinations make it possible to establish the degree of purity of this chemical species rapidly and certainly, or, on the other hand, to draw comparisons between them and the properties of other fatty acids which would give us more accurate and broader knowledge of their constitution.
Contribution to the Study of Viscous Friction and the Application to the Theory of Lubrication
Authors: Mercier Pierre 
Published: January 2006

The author shows briefly:
The origins and the relations of the idea of the dynamic film to the classic results concerning viscosity. How one can pass from one idea to the other, and in the expressions Δu and Δv make the forces tangent and normal to the elements of films appear in the case of movement parallel to a plane.
The introduction and the significance of the curvature φ of rectangular trajectory to the filaments, which comes into the new expressions for Δu and Δv, together with the curvature ψ of the filaments.
The condition of rectangularity between filaments and trajectories gives a relation between ψ and φ and their partial derivatives following these curves. A very simple and new form for the component of the viscous force due to the velocity, with its new notations.
Discussion of results. Experimental study of simple slip—arrangement employed—influence of the proximity of the walls—inadequacy of the classical expressions concerning the forces due to convergence or divergence—plane films with forced uniform motion—schematic picture of actual lubrication in the case of considerable speed of rotation—the zone of crushing (Leslie pressure)—the two zones of viscous acceleration—the surface of zero velocity.
Test of an intrinsic method of rectangular system of coordinates with application to the dynamics of incompressible fluids. Use of the new functions Φ′ = Φ∂s2/∂y; Ψ′ = Ψ∂s1/∂x to define a system of curvilinear coordinates by the curves carries to the axes.
The potential of curvature and the factor of torsion. Representation of the expressions γx and γy.
Contribution to the Study of the Flow of Viscous Liquids
Authors: Camichel C. 
Published: January 2006

In the first part, the author recalls the principal phenomena concerning the flow of the viscous liquids about an immersed body when the Reynolds numbers are progressively increased. The following factors in order have been studied in the Laboratory of Hydraulics of Toulouse.
1. Curves (C. CAMICHEL AND P. DUPIN);
2. Pressures about a Submerged Body for Small Reynolds Numbers (E. CRAUSSE AND J. BAUBIAC);
3. Similitude of the Limiting Layer for Small Reynolds Numbers (L. ESCANDE AND M. TEISSIE SOLIER);
4. Anomalies Shown by Colloids for Small Reynolds Numbers (M. PICHOT AND P. DUPIN);
5. Alternating Vortices of Bénard-Karman (P. DUPIN);
6. Secondary Vortices (E. CRAUSSE AND J. BAUBIAC);
7. Surfaces of Discontinuity (L. ESCANDE AND M. TEISSIE SOLIER);
8. Varying Modes of Contraction of Jets at the Entrance of a Nozzle (C. CAMICHEL AND P. DUPIN);
9. Determination of the Vector Vortex at a Determined Work Value for Different Values of the Reynolds Number (C. CAMICHEL AND P. DUPIN);
10. Viscosity of a Liquid Containing Solid Particles in Suspension (J. LHOMME).