bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of naproxen on connective tissue changes in the adjuvant arthritic rat
Authors: Ackerman N R , Rooks W H , Shott L , Genant H , Maloney P , West E 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Freund's adjuvant‐injected rat shares a number of features with the arthritis patient, viz the presence of a proliferative synovitis, joint swelling, and cartilage and bone erosion. Naproxen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor which is an effective antiinflammatory agent in laboratory animals and humans, was evaluated as an inhibitor of connective tissue destruction in this model by use of radiologic and histopathologic analyses. Sixteen days after rats were injected with Freund's complete adjuvant, marked joint swelling was noted. On day 17, vehicle or naproxen, 7 mg/kg/day, was administered orally. Twenty‐eight days later, vehicle‐treated animals demonstrated the following pathologic changes in their hindpaws: swelling, cartilage loss, large amounts of pannus within the joint spaces, osteoporosis, bone erosions, periosteal new bone formation, heterotopic ossification, and bony ankylosis. Rats treated 28 days with naproxen had significantly milder disease than the vehicle controls. The incidence of severe juxtaarticular bone destruction was 10/10 in the vehicle controls versus 2/10 of the drug‐treated group (P < 0.01). A comparable reduction in cartilage erosion, incidence of pannus, and new bone formation was noted in the drug‐treated group. These effects may relate to an inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis; prostaglandins have been shown to: 1) stimulate collagenase secretion from macrophages, 2) stimulate bone resorption in vivo and in vitro, and 3) diminish proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage.
Chronic tenosynovial hand infection from mycobacterium terrae
Authors: Halla James T , Gould John S , Hardin Joe G 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 23‐year‐old healthy man suffered a puncture wound from the fin of a catfish. Chronic tenosynovitis subsequently developed. Synovectomy was performed and cultures yielded Mycobacterium terrae. This organism, usually considered nonpathogenic, has only rarely been associated with human disease. This case further supports the role of this organism as a potential human pathogen and further suggests that M terrae should be considered in aquatic‐associated hand tenosynovitis.
Natural killer function in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hoffman Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrated significantly less cytotoxicity against two different lymphoblastoid cell lines and one myeloid cell line than peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals. Short‐term culture and other attempts to remove interfering immune complexes failed to restore low natural killer (NK) function. Six day culture in fetal calf serum resulted in increased cytotoxicity by mononuclear cells from normal individuals and some SLE patients, but this effect was shown to be dependent on Fc−, not Fc+, effector cells. Suppressor cells were not demonstrable as a cause for decreased NK activity.
Correlative histologic and serologic findings of sicca syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. , Klippel John H. , Pavlidis Nicholas , Wolf Robert O. , Sweet James B. , Steinberg Alfred D. , Chu Fred C. , Tarpley Thomas M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe prospectively evaluated 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for clinical, histologic, and serologic evidence of sicca syndrome. Abnormalities suggestive of sicca syndrome in patients with systemic lupus were identified by parotid scan (58%), questionnaire (54%), labial biopsy (50%), Schirmer's test (21%), and parotid flow rate (13%). An increased frequency of autoantibodies to gamma globulin and cellular antigen SS‐A was detected in lupus patients with histologic changes on labial biopsy. The serologic findings are similar to those of patients with sicca syndrome alone with the exception of the reduced incidence of anti‐SS‐B in patients with systemic lupus.
Adjuvant polyarthritis iv. induction by a synthetic adjuvant: immunologic, histopathologic, and other studies
Authors: Chang Yi‐Han , Pearson Carl M. , Abe Chiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA solution of an apparently nonimmunogenic synthetic compound, N,N‐dioctadecyl‐N',N'‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) propanediamine (CP‐20961), suspended in mineral oil or olive oil (50 mg/ml), induced an acute, as well as a chronic, polyarthritis when single intradermal injections (0.2 ml) were made in the tail or hindpaw of Lewis rats. The polyarthritis was morphologically almost indistinguishable from classic adjuvant arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), a disease generally thought to be the result of a delayed hyper‐sensitivity reaction to a constituent(s) of the injected tubercle bacilli. The disease induced by CP‐20961 and that induced by Freund's complete adjuvant followed the same time course and almost identical pattern of development of clinical and histopathologic features. Like the classic adjuvant arthritis, CP‐20961 induced arthritis is suppressed by an immunosuppressive agent (cyclophos‐phamide) or an antiinflammatory drug (phenylbutazone). The alkyldiamine (CP‐20961) was found to be a potent adjuvant; a dispersion or a solution of the compound in mineral oil administered intraperitoneally enhanced the development of both the cell‐mediated and the humoral immune responses to EL4 cells in the rat. These findings suggest that the immunogen responsible for the development of adjuvant arthritis is endogenous, e.g., a constituent of host tissue, a viral protein, or some complex of the two.
Rat hepatic xanthine oxidase activity
Authors: Levinson Dennis J. , Chalker Deborah 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of maturation, castration, and sex hormonal treatment on hepatic xanthine oxidase activity (XOA) was evaluated in Sprague‐Dawley rats. In mature rats XOA was 59% greater in males than in females, whereas in the immature animal the differences between sexes were insignificant. Pubescence resulted in a twofold increase in activity in the male which was prevented by prepubertal orchiectomy. Conversely, prepubertal oophorectomy caused a twofold increase in XOA in females. Urinary uric acid excretion paralleled XOA in rats fed 1% oxonic acid. XOA was significantly elevated in females after postpubertal castration or testosterone treatment while orchiectomy or estradiol‐17 β treatment in the mature male showed no effect. In summary, these data suggest that androgens are required during puberty for full expression of hepatic XOA, and furthermore, an ovarian suppressive effect is evident. In the adult rat only the female responds appreciably to hormonal manipulation.
Marked suppression by salicylate of the augmented proteoglycan synthesis in osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Palmoski Marshall J. , Colyer Robert A. , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn osteoarthritis a net increase in proteoglycan synthesis has been noted until the disease is far advanced and presumably reflects an attempt by the chondrocyte to repair the defect in the cartilage matrix. Because salicylates are the agents most commonly employed in treatment of osteoarthritis and because we recently showed that 10−3M sodium salicylate (i.e., approximately 20 mg%) suppresses proteoglycan synthesis in normal canine knee cartilage in vitro, we have studied the effects of this compound on osteoarthritic knee cartilage from dogs whose anterior cruciate ligament had been transected 9 weeks previously. The data indicated that the augmented synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the degenerating cartilage was suppressed to a much greater degree by 10−3M sodium salicylate than the lower level of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in control cartilage from the contralateral knee of the same animal. Uptake of 14C‐acetylsalicylic acid was increased about 35% in osteoarthritic cartilage, suggesting that the drug permeated it more readily than normal cartilage. The salicylate‐induced suppression of proteoglycan synthesis in the osteoarthritic cartilage was not accompanied by reversal of the defect in proteoglycan aggregation or by improvement in the (presumed) defect in proteoglycan‐collagen interaction in the matrix, as reflected by the abnormally high proportion of 35S‐proteoglycans present in the culture medium.
Measuring health status in arthritis
Authors: Meenan Robert F. , Gertman Paul M. , Mason John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA multidimensional index that measures the health status of individuals with arthritis has been developed. The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) are a combination of previously studies and newly created health status scales which assess physical, emotional, and social well‐being. The self‐administered AIMS questionnaire has been pilot tested in a mixed arthritis population. Results indicate that the instrument is practical and that it generates scalable, reliable, and valid measures of both aggregated and disaggregated health status. The AIMS approach to health status measurement should prove useful for evaluating the outcomes of arthritis treatments and programs.
The toxicity pattern of d‐penicillamine therapy
Authors: Kean Walter F. , Dwosh Isaac L. , Anastassiades Tassos P. , Ford Peter M. , Kelly H. Garfield 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were followed prospectively to assess the efficacy and toxicity of therapy with D‐penicillamine. After a mean total followup of 11.5 months (38 patients have completed 2 years of followup) there was a 70% overall improvement rate with 2 complete remissions. Sixty‐one patients developed 84 separate toxic reactions, 36 of which required drug withdrawal. Skin rashes (27/84), proteinuria (15/84), low platelets (14/84), and taste abnormalities (10/84) were the most common side effects of therapy at a mean D‐penicillamine dose of 463 mg/ day. The majority of toxic reactions (85%) occurred in the first 6 months, but proteinuria and thrombocytopenia were more common in the 6 to 12 month treatment period. Previous gold toxicity was a risk factor for developing D‐penicillamine toxicity (10/13). Our observations suggest that D‐penicillamine related toxicity is a major problem even at 500 mg/day, but the drug can be used with an increased safety margin after 9 months of continuous therapy.
Double‐blind placebo controlled crossover evaluation of levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Miller Bruce , Merieux Paula De , Srinivasan Ramachandran , Clements Philip , Fan Peng , Levy Joshua , Paulus Harold E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring levamisole therapy, 14 of 20 patients with previously unresponsive rheumatoid arthritis had significant improvement (P < 0.05) in clinical measures of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and rheumatoid factor titer in a 32‐week double‐blind placebo controlled crossover trial. Levamisole was shown to alter antibody responses to tetanus and typhoid antigens, lymphocyte blastogenesis to phytohemagglutinins, and the number of null cells in peripheral blood. Agranulocytosis and rash resulted in discontinuation of the drug in one patient in each group. Though clearly effective, routine use of levamisole as a disease suppressant in rheumatoid arthritis must await more complete clarificatio of its association with agranulocytosis.
Effect of platelet lysate on growth and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in articular chondrocyte cultures
Authors: Choi Ye Chin , Morris Gregory M. , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman platelet lysate (PL) has a strong growth promoting action on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. The responsible factor is heat stable (56°C, 30 minutes) and above 10,000 MW. PL (80 μg protein/ml) reduces cell protein content and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Synthesis of DNA is stimulated within the first 12 hours of culture but the decline in radiosulfact incorporation lags. PL acts to a slight extent on chondrocytes in serum‐free media, but its effect is potentiated by “platelet‐poor human serum” or fetal bovine serum. PL is one of several agents having such effects on chondrocytes cultured in serum‐containing media. Stimulation of growth in this cell type thus reduces nonreplicative biosynthetic activity nonspecifically. In the epiphyseal growth plate and in pathologic alterations of permeability of the martix of articular cartilage, platelet‐derived factors, together with somatomedin or other cofactors in serum, may be the principal mediator of growth of chondrocytes in vivo.
Clinical and laboratory features of canine lupus syndromes
Authors: Monier J. C. , Dardenne M. , Rigal D. , Costa O. , Fournel C. , Lapras M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetermination of the specificities of antinuclear antibodies in the sera of 20 dogs presenting with symptoms of a lupus‐like syndrome permitted their separation into 2 groups. The first group of 14 dogs all had antibody activity to DNA‐histone antigen(s), and 4 of them also had antibodies to native DNA (nDNA). The Farr test with standard buffer was found to be unsatisfactory for the measurement of anti‐nDNA antibodies in dog sera due to a high incidence of false positive reactions; these could be eliminated by the inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the buffer system. The second group of 6 dogs was characterized by the presence of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen. In every serum tested diseased dogs had a diminished level of circulating thymic factor as compared to controls of the same age, suggesting that a diminution of suppressor T cells may be an etiologic factor.
Reiter's disease in women
Authors: Smith David L. , Bennett Robert M. , Regan Martha G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReiter's disease in its classic form is defined by the triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis and occurs predominantly in men. Recent descriptions have emphasized other ancillary findings: mucocutaneous lesions, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis, sausage digits, asymmetrical sacroiliitis, and an association with HLA‐B27. This study describes 29 women followed over the past 4 years who have a rheumatic disorder most consistent with Reiter's disease. All 29 patients were seronegative, 72% presenting with an asymmetrical pauciarticular arthritis, and the majority evidenced lower extremity involvement. During the course of their illness, 52% of the patients developed either eye and/or urinary tract involvement. Additional features were mucocutaneous lesions in 8 patients, heel pain or Achilles tendinitis in 15 patients, sausage digits in 20 patients, and clinical sacroiliitis in 20 patients. HLA‐B27 was positive in 59% of patients, and radiographic bone and joint abnormalities were present in 52% of the patients. The recognition of this group of patients has both therapeutic and prognostic implications, because they preferentially respond to indomethacin or phenylbutazone and often pursue a chronic course, albeit without widespread joint destruction.
Depressed T cell colony growth in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bernstein Mark L. , Winkelstein Alan , Dobson Sue A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhytohemagglutinin‐stimulated peripheral blood T lymphocytes, plated in agar, are capable of forming discrete lymphoid colonies. In 35 normal subjects, the average number of colonies was 6,020 ± 351 (SEM). By contrast, in 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the mean colony number was 2,774 ± 384, a value significantly less than controls (P<0.001). Normal responses were measured in 5 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and in 7 of 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Colony growth in SLE showed a strong correlation with disease activity but did not correlate with responses of blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in suspension cultures, the number of circulating T cells, or serologic abnormalities.
Restricted subpopulations of DNA antibodies in kidneys of mice with systemic lupus
Authors: Ebling Fanny , Hahn Bevra H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from MRL/1, BXSB, and NZB/NZW mice, which develop IgG antibodies to DNA and glomerular deposits of DNA‐antiDNA immune complexes, were studied by isoelectric focusing. A large array of IgG antibodies with isoelectric points ranging from pH 5.5‐9.0 were found to bind double‐stranded DNA. Antibodies with isoelectric points from 8.0‐8.5 were significantly more frequent than antibodies focusing in all other pH ranges. In contrast, glomerular eluates from MRL/1 and NZB/NZW mice contained a restricted number of DNA‐binding bands, all of which focused at pH 8.0‐9.0. Anti‐DNA with isoelectric points from pH 8.0‐9.0 may be more pathogenic for the kidney than other subpopulations.
Antigen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Sandy John D. , Lowther D. A. , Brown Heather L. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the acute phase of antigen‐induced arthritis, cartilage was obtained from five different sites within the joint, and chondrocyte activity was assessed by autoradiography of sections labeled with 35S‐sulfate. There was a marked inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis in all weight‐bearing areas; in addition, the complete superficial layer of cells and many mid‐zone cells in these areas were completely inactive. Electron microscopy showed that the inactive surface cells had degenerated completely, and that many midzone cells contained an accumulation of intracytoplasmic filaments and were depleted in biosynthetic organelles. A biochemical study of the inhibition showed that: 1) the incorporation of 35S‐sulfate and 3H‐acetate into glycosaminoglycans was inhibited to a similar extent; 2) the inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis could not be reversed either by the addition of benzyl‐β‐D‐xyloside to incubations or by maintenance of the cartilage in organ culture for 6 days; 3) the inhibited chondrocytes exhibited a decreased ability to secrete proteoglycans into the extracellular fraction of the cartilage.
Induction of the synthesis of latent collagenase and latent neutral protease in chondrocytes by a factor synthesized by activated macrophages
Authors: Ridge Susan C. , Oronsky Arnold L. , Kerwar S. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spent medium of stimulated peritoneal macrophages contains a factor or factors that induce the de novo synthesis of collagenase and neutral protease(s) in primary cultures of articular chondrocytes. The synthesis of this inducing factor by stimulated macrophages is inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that the factor is a protein. The inducing factor is heat stable and stable to tryspin treatment, but it is partially inactivated on treatment to pH 2.0. The inducing factor is not retained on concanavalin Sepharose, is stable to reductive alkylation, and has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 30,000. Addition of the inducing factor to cartilage slices also results in the synthesis of both collagenase and neutral protease by the slices. Both of these enzymes synthesized by chondrocytes are in the latent form and are activated by either trypsin or plasmin. The neutral protease (MW 22,000) is a metalloprotease and is inhibited by o‐phenanthroline and by D‐penicillamine but not by phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride or iodoacetic acid. Induction of these latent enzymes in chondrocytes occurs between 8 and 16 hours after exposure to the inducing factor and is completely blocked by cycloheximide. The spent medium of stimulated lymphocytes (concanavalin A) does not induce the synthesis of these enzymes in chondrocytes, suggesting that the synthesis of the inducing factor may be a property specific to stimulated macrophages.
Effect of oxygen‐derived free radicals on hyaluronic acid
Authors: Greenwald Robert A. , Moy Wai W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate possible mechanisms of hyaluronic acid depolymerization, superoxide anion and other secondary oxygen‐derived free radicals were generated in vitro and allowed to act upon a hyaluronate substrate. Superoxide, generated either enzymatically with xanthine oxidase or by stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, reduced the viscosity of hyaluronate solutions dramatically while the chromatographic profiles of the glycosaminoglycan shifted toward lower molecular weights. Superoxide‐treated hyaluronate also became susceptible to further degradation by β‐N‐ace‐tylglucosaminidase A. Experiments with scavengers of various toxic oxygen‐derived free radicals clearly implicated these reactants as mediators of hyaluronate depolymerization. Generation of superoxide by leukocytes in vivo may account for the loss of synovial fluid viscosity that accompanies inflammatory joint disease.
The specificity and clinical usefulness of the lupus band test
Authors: Harrist Terence J. , Mihm Martin C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGranular deposition of immunoglobulin at the dermoepidermal junction is characteristic, but not pathognomonic, of lupus erythematosus. When rigid criteria for the lupus band test are used, a positive result is highly specific. A positive band test is found in clinically normal skin and lesional skin of systemic lupus patients, and in lesional skin of discoid lupus patients. A positive band test is found infrequently in clinically normal skin of patients with other connective tissue disorders. Cutaneous lupus may be difficult to separate from other morphologically similar disorders. The lupus band test is useful in differential diagnosis because other disorders have either a specific pattern of immunoglobulin deposition or no immunoglobulin deposition. The mechanisms of immunoglobulin deposition at the epidermal basement membrane zone are discussed as well as pertinent clinical correlations of the positive band test.
Characteristics of antinuclear antibodies in rheumatoid. arthritis
Authors: Aitcheson Carol T. , Peebles Carol , Joslin Fenneke , Tan Eng M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunologic specificities of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in sera from 97 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. The frequency of ANA detected by immunofluorescence with mouse kidney sections as substrate was 60% (59/97) compared to 13% (7/55) in controls. IgM ANA was positive in 41% (40/97) of RA sera, IgG ANA in 40% (39/97), and IgA ANA in 33% (32/97). Specificities of antibodies in the ANA positive sera were examined by radioimmunoassay for antibodies to DNA and by immunodiffusion for antibodies to Sm antigen, nuclear ribonucleoprotein, and the SS‐A and SS‐B nuclear antigens. Antibodies to these nuclear antigens were found infrequently (1.7% to 6.8%). Sera were further investigated for antibodies to histones by an immunofluorecent method previously described using acid‐extraced and histone reconstituted tissue section. Twinty‐four percent of the ANA positive sera (14/55) reacted with a histone‐dependent nuclear antigen. The relationship of rheumatoid factor to ANA was studied by isolating rheumatoid factors (RF) from aggregated IgG absorbant columns. Ten of 19 isolated RF showed ANA activity, which did not result from complexes of rheumatoid factor with IgG ANA since IgM rheumatoid factor, dissociated from IgG under acid conditions, continued to show ANA activity. In 8 of 16 RA sera tested, both ANA and rheumatoid factor activity could be inhibited by aggregated IgG. Five of the cross‐reacting rheumatoid factors reacted specifically with a histone‐dependent antigen in the reconstitution assay. These findings show that approximatley 50% of rheumatoid factors possess cross‐reactivity with nuclear components, and histones are involved in a significant number of these reactions.