bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expected and reported division of responsibility of household tasks among older wives in two residential settings
Authors: ADE‐RIDDER LINDA , BRUBAKER TIMOTHY H. 
Published: July 2007

Literature on sex roles encompasses numerous studies on the division of responsibility in late‐life marriages. Some older wives report that they continue to assume responsibility for mos: household chores and they actually perform most tasks. Other wives claim that following retirement, husbands increase their participation within the household arena. However, the increase tends to be in the level of activity involvement rather than in assuming responsibility for new or non‐traditional chores. The trend toward egalitarianism in later life, especially for happy couples, is documented by numerous studies. It appears that while role expectations are less gender‐specific among older people, they tend to follow the patterns established during middle‐age. However, the research is not conclusive. No analysis has compared different living environments of older couples.A sample (n = 244) or older wives (mean age 72 years) living in two different residential settings were questioned via a mailed survey about their responsibility and behaviours regarding 12 household tasks: cooking meals, washing dishes, doing yard work, washing clothes, maintaining the car, writing letters, scheduling family events, getting or earning money, cleaning house, shopping, undertaking household repairs and making family decisions. High scores suggest a non‐traditional approach to sex‐role tasks, while low scores suggest egalitarian relationships. The views that wives have of division of responsibility of household tasks is explored: who should take responsibility for tasks and who does the tasks? Variables previously found to influence sex‐role beliefs are examined. In particular, relationships between sex roles and marital quality, length of marriage, family income, frequency of interaction with children, residential environment and health are presented.
Differences in current clinical features of diploid and triploid hydatidiform mole
Authors: Niemann I , Petersen LK , Hansen ES , Sunde L 
Published: July 2007

Objective  To describe and compare the current clinical features of diploid and triploid molar pregnancy and to evaluate whether the presenting clinical features can predict the ploidy of a molar pregnancy.Design  A retrospective study of the clinical features and ploidy of hydatidiform moles.Setting  The Departments of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital and 13 gynaecological wards, Jutland, Denmark.Population  A total of 259 women with molar pregnancy diagnosed between April 1986 and June 2003.Methods  A review of medical records of consecutively collected, clinically suspected cases of molar pregnancy was performed. The molar ploidy was determined by karyotyping, flow cytometry, and/or analysis of polymorphic DNA markers.Main outcome measures  Maternal characteristics, presenting symptoms, initial human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and molar ploidy.Results  In a multiple logistic regression model, initial hCG of ≥100 000 iu/l (P < 0.001), first‐trimester gestational age (P < 0.001), vaginal bleeding (P < 0.001), and maternal age of ≥40 years (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of diploid mole. Women with excessive uterine size more frequently had a diploid than a triploid mole (P < 0.001). Fifty‐four percent of the women with triploid mole and 27% of the women with diploid mole were diagnosed before onset of symptoms (P < 0.001).Conclusions  The current clinical features of diploid mole are different from those of triploid mole. The presenting clinical profile of a molar pregnancy may be used as an early predictor of the molar ploidy and thus of the prognosis.
REVIEW: Vitamin transport and homeostasis in mammalian brain: focus on Vitamins B and E
Authors: Spector Reynold , Johanson Conrad E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith the application of genetic and molecular biology techniques, there has been substantial progress in understanding how vitamins are transferred across the mammalian blood–brain barrier and choroid plexus into brain and CSF and how vitamin homeostasis in brain is achieved. In most cases (with the exception of the sodium‐dependent multivitamin transporter for biotin, pantothenic acid, and lipoic acid), the vitamins are transported by separate carriers through the blood–brain barrier or choroid plexus. Then the vitamins are accumulated by brain cells by separate, specialized systems. This review focuses on six vitamins (B1, B3, B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and E) and the newer genetic information including relevant ‘knockdown’ or ‘knockout’ models in mice and humans. The overall objective is to integrate this newer information with previous physiological and biochemical observations to achieve a better understanding of vitamin transport and homeostasis in brain. This is especially important in view of the newly described non‐cofactor vitamin roles in brain (e.g. of B1, B3, B6, and E) and the potential roles of vitamins in the therapy of brain disorders.
Effects of noradrenaline on the GABA response in rat isolated spiral ganglion neurons in culture
Authors: Zha Ding‐Jun , Wang Zhi‐Ming , Lin Ying , Liu Tao , Qiao Li , Lu Lian‐Jun , Li Yun‐Qing , Qiu Jian‐Hua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the present study, the modulatory effects of noradrenaline (NA) on the GABA response were investigated in the isolated cultured spiral ganglion neurons of rat by using nystatin perforated patch recording configuration under voltage‐clamp conditions. NA reversibly depressed GABA response in a concentration‐dependent manner and neither changed the reversal potential of the GABA response nor affected the apparent affinity of GABA to its receptor. α2‐adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist, clonidine and yohimbine mimicked and blocked the NA action on the GABA response, respectively. N‐[2(methylamino)ethyl]‐5‐isoquinoline sulfonamide dihydrochloride (H‐89), a protein kinase A inhibitor, mimicked the effect of NA on the GABA response. NA failed to affect the GABA response in the presence of both cAMP and protein kinase A modulator. However, NA still depressed the GABA response even in the presence of both phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate, a protein kinase C activator and chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. These results suggest that the NA suppression of the GABA response is mediated by α2‐adrenoceptor which reduces intracellular cAMP formation through the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, NA input to the spiral ganglion neurons may modulate the auditory transmission by affecting the GABA response.
Transcriptional response to aging and caloric restriction in heart and adipose tissue
Authors: Linford Nancy J. , Beyer Richard P. , Gollahon Katherine , Krajcik Rozlyn A. , Malloy Virginia L. , Demas Vasiliki , Burmer Glenna C. , Rabinovitch Peter S. 
Published: July 2007

SummarySustained caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan in animal models but the mechanism and primary tissue target(s) have not been identified. Gene expression changes with aging and CR were examined in both heart and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Fischer 344 (F344) male rats using Affymetrix® RAE 230 arrays and validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) on 18 genes. As expected, age had a substantial effect on transcription on both tissues, although only 21% of cardiac age‐associated genes were also altered in WAT. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed coordinated small magnitude changes in ribosomal, proteasomal, and mitochondrial genes with similarities in aging between heart and WAT. CR had very different effects on these two tissues at the transcriptional level. In heart, very few age‐associated expression changes were affected by CR, while in WAT, CR suppressed a substantial subset of the age‐associated changes. Genes unaltered by aging but altered by CR were identified in WAT but not heart. Most interestingly, we identified a gene expression signature associated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity that was down‐regulated with age but preserved by CR in both WAT and heart. In addition, lipid metabolism genes, particularly those associated with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ)‐mediated adipogenesis were reduced with age but preserved with CR in WAT. These results highlight tissue‐specific differences in the gene expression response to CR and support a role for CR‐mediated preservation of mTOR activity and adipogenesis in aging WAT.
Telomere length and cardiovascular risk factors in a middle‐aged population free of overt cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bekaert Sofie , De Meyer Tim , Rietzschel Ernst R. , De Buyzere Marc L. , De Bacquer Dirk , Langlois Michel , Segers Patrick , Cooman Luc , Van Damme Piet , Cassiman Peter , Van Criekinge Wim , Verdonck Pascal , De Backer Guy G. , Gillebert Thierry C. , Van Oostveldt Patrick ,   on behalf of the Asklepios investigators
Published: July 2007

SummaryEvidence assembled over the last decade shows that average telomere length (TL) acts as a biomarker for biological aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular. Although essential for a more profound understanding of the underlying mechanisms, little reference information is available on TL. We therefore sought to provide baseline TL information and assess the association of prevalent CVD risk factors with TL in subjects free of overt CVD within a small age range. We measured mean telomere restriction fragment length of peripheral blood leukocytes in a large, representative Asklepios study cohort of 2509 community‐dwelling, Caucasian female and male volunteers aged approximately 35–55 years and free of overt CVD. We found a manifest age‐dependent telomere attrition, at a significantly faster rate in men as compared to women. No significant associations were established with classical CVD risk factors such as cholesterol status and blood pressure, yet shorter TL was associated with increased levels of several inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Importantly, shorter telomere length was associated with an increasingly unhealthy lifestyle, particularly in men. All findings were age and gender adjusted where appropriate. With these cross‐sectional results we show that TL of peripheral blood leukocytes primarily reflects the burden of increased oxidative stress and inflammation, whether or not determined by an increasingly unhealthy lifestyle, while the association with classical CVD risk factors is limited. This further clarifies the added value of TL as a biomarker for biological aging and might improve our understanding of how TL is associated with CVD.
The pressure dependence of the zirconium‐in‐rutile thermometer
Authors: TOMKINS H. S. , POWELL R. , Ellis D. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe solubility of ZrO2 in rutile is strongly temperature‐dependent and has been identified as a potentially powerful thermometer when the rutile coexists with an appropriate buffer assemblage, e.g. zircon + quartz. In combination with experimental data at 10 kbar, previous consideration of data on natural rutile has not identified a pressure dependence for the thermometer. However, the expected volume change as a result of substitution of the larger Zr4+ cation for Ti4+ suggests that the Zr content of rutile should decrease with increasing pressure. To investigate the pressure dependence of the thermometer, piston cylinder (at 10, 20 & 30 kbar) and 1 atm furnace experiments were performed in the system ZrO2‐TiO2‐SiO2. The solubility of ZrO2 in rutile, in the presence of zircon and quartz was reversed at each pressure value. From these experiments, the thermodynamics of the end‐member reaction ZrSiO4 = SiO2 + ZrO2 (in rutile) have been determined. There is a secondary pressure effect accompanying the primary temperature dependence of the Zr content of rutile. New thermometer equations are, in the α‐quartz field:
image

in the β‐quartz field
image

and in the coesite field
image

in which φ is ppm Zr, P is in kbar and R is the gas constant, 0.0083144 kJ K−1. Thermometric results using these equations are shown for a range of geological settings.
Hemodynamic Responses to Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Children with Symptomatic Epilepsy
Authors: Jacobs Julia , Kobayashi Eliane , Boor Rainer , Muhle Hiltrud , Stephan Wolff , Hawco Colin , Dubeau Francois , Jansen Olav , Stephani Ulrich , Gotman Jean , Siniatchkin Michael 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Purpose: Simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (EEG‐fMRI) recording is a noninvasive tool for investigating epileptogenic networks. Most EEG‐fMRI studies in epilepsy have been performed in adults. Childhood epilepsies, however, differ from those in adults due to interactions between epileptogenic and developmental processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate EEG‐fMRI in children with lesional epilepsies.
Methods: Thirteen children with symptomatic epilepsy underwent a 20‐min EEG‐fMRI acquisition at 3 T under sedation‐induced sleep. Statistical analysis was performed using the timing of spikes as events, modelled with hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) that peaked at 3, 5, 7, and 9 s after the spike.
Results: Each spike type was analyzed separately, resulting in 25 studies. In 84% of the studies, blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses were localized in the lesion or brain area presumably generating spikes. Activation (positive BOLD) corresponding with the lesion was seen in 20% and deactivation (negative BOLD) in 52% of the studies. In the area of spike generation, activation was found in 48% of studies and deactivation in 36%.
Conclusions: Despite the necessarily short recording times (20 min), good results could be obtained from the EEG‐fMRI recordings, performed in sedated children using a high field scanner and individual HRFs. In contrast to studies in adults, deactivations in the lesion and the irritative zone were more common than activations. The impact of age, sleep, and sedation on the BOLD response might explain these findings, but future studies in children should not disregard the importance of deactivations in relation to the epileptogenic network.
Spatial Neglect during Electrocortical Stimulation Mapping in the Right Hemisphere
Authors: Kleinman Jonathan T. , Sepkuty Jehuda P. , Hillis Argye E. , Lenz Frederick A. , Heidler‐Gary Jennifer , Gingis Leila , Crone Nathan E. 
Published: July 2007

Summary Spatial processing was assessed following implantation of subdural electrodes in the nondominant hemisphere with electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) in two patients before epilepsy surgery. The first patient had mild hemispatial neglect/extinction during ESM of posterior temporal and inferior parietal areas. These areas were resected, and the patient had postoperative deficits that were similar to those occurring with ESM. The second patient was found to have marked hemispatial neglect during stimulation of parietal areas. These areas were not resected, and the patient had no neglect following surgery. These results suggest that ESM can help predict spatial processing deficits associated with cortical resection, and may help prevent postoperative impairments following resection in right parietal or temporal regions.
Nonepileptic Seizures in Children
Authors: Patel Hema , Scott Eric , Dunn David , Garg Bhuwan 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Purpose: To determine if the clinical characteristics of nonepileptic seizures (NES) are different in children younger than 13 years age as compared to adolescents.
Methods: Retrospective review of medical records and video‐EEGs (VEEG) of all patients with NES confirmed on VEEG monitoring was performed.
Results: Sixty‐eight (3.5%) of 1,967 patients monitored with VEEG had a clinical diagnosis of NES. Fifty‐nine of 68 patients had their habitual event recorded. Mean age at the time of the VEEG diagnosis was 13 years 4 months. Twenty‐two patients were less than 13 years (group A) and 37 were 13 years and older (group B). The male to female ratio was equal in group A, with female predominance seen in group B. NES commonly manifested as subtle motor activity in group A (p < 0.01) and prominent motor activity in group B (p < 0.001). Difficulties at school, family discord, and interpersonal conflicts, were frequent stressors in both groups. Sexual abuse was the least frequent. Depression was more common in group B; cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.001) and epilepsy (p < 0.01) were more common in group A.
Conclusions: Differences in clinical semiology and predisposing factors may help identify young children and adolescents who might be at risk for the development of NES.
Epilepsy Surgery in Children: Results and Predictors of Outcome on Seizures
Authors: Cossu Massimo , Lo Russo Giorgio , Francione Stefano , Mai Roberto , Nobili Lino , Sartori Ivana , Tassi Laura , Citterio Alberto , Colombo Nadia , Bramerio Manuela , Galli Carlo , Castana Laura , Cardinale Francesco 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the results on seizures of surgery in children with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. To identify the factors predicting seizure control among several presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical variables.
Methods: One hundred thirteen patients (67 male, 46 female), younger than 16 years, operated on from 1996 to 2004 and followed‐up for at least 2 years were identified. Individualized microsurgical resections, aimed at removal of the epileptogenic zone, were performed according to the results of tailored presurgical evaluations, which included stereo‐electroencephalographic recording with intracerebral electrodes when needed. Risk of seizure recurrence was assessed for the considered variables by bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: Mean age at surgery was 8.8 years, mean duration of epilepsy was 5.7 years, and mean age at seizure onset was 3.1 years. One hundred eight patients (96%) had an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging. At postoperative follow‐up (mean duration 55.1 month), 77 patients (68%) were in Engel's class I, with 68 patients (60%) being seizure free (Engel's classes Ia and Ic). At multivariate analysis, variables associated with a significantly lower risk of seizure recurrence were unifocal lesion at MRI and older age at seizure onset (presurgical variables), temporal unilobar resection and complete lesionectomy (surgical variables), diagnosis of glial‐neuronal tumors (postsurgical variables).
Conclusions: Surgery is a valuable option for children with drug‐resistant focal epilepsies which may provide excellent results in a considerable amount of cases. Since results of surgery for epilepsy strongly depend on the presurgical identification of the Epileptogenic Zone, future work should be focused on refinement and implementation of diagnostic strategies.
Employment Outcomes Following Resective Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Chin Peter S. , Berg Anne T. , Spencer Susan S. , Sperling Michael R. , Haut Sheryl R. , Langfitt John T. , Bazil Carl W. , Walczak Thaddeus S. , Pacia Steven V. , Vickrey Barbara G. 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Purpose: Analyze determinates of employment changes from before to 2 years after surgery in refractory focal epilepsy patients.
Methods: Preoperative employment was prospectively assessed in 375 adults with refractory epilepsy. Two‐year postsurgical employment status was obtained for 299; factors potentially associated with employment status change among subgroups unemployed and employed at baseline were analyzed.
Results: Presurgical employment status was full‐time (n = 148, 39.5%), part‐time (n = 26, 6.9%), disabled and unemployed (n = 100, 26.7%), unemployed (n = 44, 11.7%), and other (n = 57, 15.2%). Those with and without 2‐year follow‐up did not differ on baseline characteristics (all p > 0.10). Two years after surgery, 42.8% were employed full‐time and 12.4%, part‐time. Among those unemployed before surgery, better seizure outcome was associated with gaining employment at 2 years (p = 0.03).
Conclusions: Net employment gains were modest 2 years after surgery and higher with better seizure outcomes, reinforcing the need for optimizing surgical candidate selection, long‐term follow‐up studies, and postsurgical vocational rehabilitation.
Interictal and Postictal Language Testing Accurately Lateralizes Language Dominant Temporal Lobe Complex Partial Seizures
Authors: Ramirez Maya J. , Schefft Bruce K. , Howe Steven R. , Hwa‐Shain Yeh , Privitera Michael D. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryPurpose:Noninvasive tests that accurately localize seizure onset provide great value in the presurgical evaluation of patients with intractable epilepsy. This study examined the diagnostic utility of three expressive language disturbances in lateralizing language‐dominant (DOM) temporal lobe complex partial seizures: (1) the postictal language delay (PILD; time taken to correctly read a test phrase out loud immediately following seizures); (2) the production of postictal phonemic paraphasic errors (PostPE); and (3) interictal phonemic paraphasic errors (InterPE).Methods:All 60 subjects underwent inpatient video/EEG monitoring and had surgically confirmed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We determined the presence and number of PostPE and, PILD times (in s) for 212 seizures, and InterPE on the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Each technique's diagnostic usefulness was evaluated via logistic regression and ROC curve analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were computed.Results:PILD, PostPE and InterPE production were equally effective and accurate in lateralizing DOM seizure onset. Patients with DOM TLE had a longer PILD and committed more PostPE and InterPE than those with nondominant (NDOM) TLE. Respective sensitivity and specificity values were as follows: PILD (84%, 86%), PostPE (94%, 64%), and InterPE (97%, 86%). No single predictor was significantly better but a combination model yielded enough incremental utility to collectively outperform each separate predictor model.Conclusions:Interictal language testing is as accurate as postictal language testing in predicting DOM lateralization of TLE. Clinicians should also attend to the quality of errors produced during interictal and postictal language testing.
Preserved Proper Naming Following Left Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Is Associated with Early Age of Seizure Onset
Authors: Yucus Chad J. , Tranel Daniel 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Purpose: Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is an effective surgical option for managing pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Many patients with left ATL develop postsurgical difficulties with proper name retrieval, although curiously, some patients have entirely intact proper naming following left ATL. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early age of seizure onset would be a reliable factor “protecting” patients from developing proper naming defects following left ATL.
Methods: Proper naming of unique persons (Famous Faces Test, 155 items) and places (Landmark Test, 65 items) was measured in 23 patients who had undergone left ATL for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Data were collected for a number of variables, including age of seizure onset, age at surgery, handedness, IQ, and seizure outcome. The patients were sorted into two groups based on proper naming performance: (1) Unimpaired: 7 patients performed normally on both the Faces and Landmark tests; (2) Impaired: 16 patients performed abnormally on one or both of the tests.
Results: In support of our hypothesis, the Unimpaired group had a significantly earlier age of seizure onset (M = 2.1 years) than the Impaired group (M = 15.1 years). Moreover, a correlation analysis indicated a strong association between age of seizure onset and naming outcome (R =−0.569). The groups were comparable (and statistically indistinguishable) on nearly all other variables.
Conclusions: These findings document the importance of age of seizure onset in predicting proper naming outcome following left ATL (with earlier being better), and extend understanding of brain reorganization and plasticity.