bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photopolymerization of Acrylamide Derivatives in Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules
Authors: Lu Zonghuan , Shutava Tatsiana , Sahiner Nurettin , John Vijay , Lvov Yuri 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Multilayered polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) microcapsules prepared using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technology were filled by UV-photopolymerization of acrylamide derivatives directly into the capsule interior. Influences of component properties and polymerization conditions on the structure of the obtained composites are discussed. Mixing formed polymer chains with the capsule wall material stabilizes the initial wall conformation and lowers capsule sensitivity to environmental conditions.
Synthesis and Structures of the First Titanium(IV) Complexes with Cyclic Tetrasiloxide Ligands: Incomplete and Complete Cage Titanosiloxanes
Authors: Hirotsu Masakazu , Taruno Shinsuke , Yoshimura Takashi , Ueno Keiji , Unno Masafumi , Matsumoto Hideyuki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The first titanium(IV) complexes with cyclic tetrasiloxide ligands, [Ti(L1H)(OSiMe3)]2(H2O) (1) and (CpTiCl)4(L2)2 (2), were synthesized using the all-cis isomer of cyclotetrasiloxanetetraols R4(SiO)4(OH)4 (L1H4: R = Ph, L2H4: R = iPr) as ligand precursors. X-ray analysis revealed that 1 is a dinuclear complex with bridging siloxy and aqua ligands while 2 has a tetranuclear cage structure capped by two L2 ligands.
A Novel Molecular Structure of a Ferrocene Derivative Containing Mesogenic Group, 1,1′-Bis[2-[4-(4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]ethoxycarbonyl]ferrocene
Authors: Nakamura Naotake , Nishikawa Masako 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The molecular and crystal structures of 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocene derivative, 1,1′-bis[2-[4-(4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]ethoxycarbonyl]ferrocene (bMAF-2) were determined by X-ray diffraction method using the single crystals. The trans conformation (novel “Z” shape) in which the two substituents existed in the opposite directions was found out newly. The structure was different from the cis conformation (“U” shape) and the trans conformation (“S” shape) reported already. It may be one of the most important reasons why bMAF-2 (“Z” shape) shows no liquid crystallinity that the ratio of the width to length is rather large compared with those of other liquid crystalline homologues (“U” shape and “S” shape).
Porous Carbons from Octafluoronaphthalene by Chemical Reaction and Heat-treatment
Authors: Yamada Yoshio , Ohno Hiroyuki , Tanaike Osamu , Hatori Hiroaki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Porous carbons were obtained from octafluoronaphthalene defluorinated with sodium metal. When the by-product, NaF was removed with acid solution and the product was treated at 1073 K, the carbon gave a high surface area with mesopores as well as micropores. The coexistence of NaF during heat-treatment of the defluorinated product, however, brought about the formation of pores with a squarish shape.
Crystal Structure of Light-induced Colored Species from Photochromic Dimer of 1,4-Bis(imidazolyl)tetrafluorobenzene
Authors: Kikuchi Azusa , Abe Jiro 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
On irradiation with UV light, the photochromic dimer of 1,4-bis(imidazolyl)tetrafluorobenzene produced the colored transient species in solution and solid. Though the dimerization reaction to form the photochromic dimer prevents the isolation and characterization of the colored species at room temperature, the single crystals of the colored species could be successfully obtained from the light-irradiated toluene solution of the dimer at 200 K, and the molecular structure of the colored species is unambiguously determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Oligo-N-acetylglucosamines by Iterative Glycosylation of Di- and Tetrachlorophthaloyl-protected Thioglucosamines
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Kinjyo Shigemori , Yoshida Jun-ichi , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The iterative glycosylation of di- and tetrachlorophthaloyl-protected thioglucosamines, which act as both glycosyl donors and acceptors, gives the corresponding protected oligoglucosamines. Subsequent removal of the protecting groups followed by acetylation of the free amines affords oligo-N-acetylglucosamines in good to excellent combined yields.
Vanadate as a Futile, Superoxide Ion-producing Substrate of Trypanothione Reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Khan Mohammed Omar Faruk , Parveen Seheli , Seddon Gavin Malcolm , Douglas Kenneth Thomas 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase can oxidize NADPH in a futile cycle in the presence of vanadate ion as a result of the generation of reactive oxygen and other radical species from the active site dithiol and the NADPH. This process is inhibited by competitive inhibitors of trypanothione reductase catalyzed reduction of trypanothione disulfide.
A parametric investigation of gas‐particle flow in a vertical duct
Authors: Liu Xue , Glasser Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe impact of physical and process parameters on flow of gas and particles in a vertical duct has been examined. Steady‐state solutions were sought to equations of continuity and motion with closures from kinetic theory and the variations of the solutions with changes in parameters were computed using a bifurcation/continuation approach. When the particles are assumed elastic, we find that the segregation of particles transits from the center to the walls with an increase in the bed width or solids load. The origin of this transition arises from the contribution of the gas‐particle slip term on the pseudothermal energy transport. When the particles are inelastic, we find particles always segregate to the center of the channel, irrespective of the bed width or solids load. As we track the variation of the average solids fraction with a number of parameters, multiple steady‐state solutions can be observed. Recent interest in using fluidized beds on Mars or the Moon for local production of oxygen has prompted us to examine the effect of gravity on steady fully developed flows in gas‐particle fluidized beds. When the average gas velocity is held constant, the flow profiles are found to be insensitive to the magnitude of gravity if the gas flow rate is high and particles always move upward in the bed. The physical mechanism leading to this insensitivity can be traced to the automatic compensation of the gas‐particle drag force to the body force. However, when the gas flow rate is low, particles move downward in the region close to the walls with high gravity, whereas this downflow is not observed under low gravity. Finally, the effects of two dimensionless numbers are investigated. It is found that the flow behaviors are not sensitive to the variation of the Reynolds number when this number is high because of a relatively small value of the gas viscous term. With an increase in the Froude number, the gas and particle velocities decrease as well as the granular temperature. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Synthesis and structures of stiba choline bromide, [Me3SbCH2CH2OH]Br and (Me3SbCH2COO)8 (NaBr)7(MeOH)9(H2O), a supramolecular derivative of stiba betaine
Authors: Balázs Lucia , Breunig Hans J. , Lork Enno , Raţ Ciprian I. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe antimony analogue of choline bromide, [Me3SbCH2CH2OH]Br (1), is formed by the reaction of Me3Sb with BrCH2CH2OH. Crystals of (Me3SbCH2COO)8(NaBr)7(MeOH)9(H2O) (2) are obtained from [Me3SbCH2COOH]Br and Na2CO3 in methanol. Crystals of 1 contain stibonium cations with intramolecular coordination of the ethanolic group. The structure of 2 features supramolecular units where the carboxylic groups of stiba betaine molecules are in bridging positions between sodium ions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrimination of normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant oral tissue: A Raman spectroscopy study
Authors: Malini R. , Venkatakrishna K. , Kurien J. , M. Pai Keerthilatha , Rao Lakshmi , Kartha V. B. , Krishna C. Murali 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOptical spectroscopy methods are fast emerging as potential alternatives for early diagnosis of cancer. A Raman spectroscopy method for discrimination of normal and malignant oral tissues has been developed by us earlier. It is necessary to evaluate and establish the validity of the approach before it can be routinely used. In the present study, our Raman spectroscopy investigations are extended further to evaluate the efficacy of the technique to discriminate between normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant conditions in oral tissue. Spectral profiles of normal, malignant, premalignant, and inflammatory conditions show pronounced differences between one another. Spectra of normal tissues can be attributed mainly to lipids whereas pathological tissue spectra are dominated by proteins. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the spectral data sets belonging to the four different categories showed that scores of factors differentiated between normal and all pathological conditions but gave only poor discrimination among the three pathological states. PCA combined with multiparameter limit tests allow match/mismatch criteria to be applied to test samples when pathologically certified calibration sets are available in each class. It is shown that by this method all the four tissue types could be discriminated and diagnosed correctly. The biochemical differences between normal and pathological conditions of oral tissue are also discussed from spectral differences of the different classes of spectra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 179–193, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Postoperative delirium in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery
Authors: Olin K , Eriksdotter-Jönhagen M , Jansson A , Herrington M K , Kristiansson M , Permert J 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and to identify factors associated with delirium in this population.

Methods
Data were collected prospectively from 51 patients aged 65 years or more. Delirium was diagnosed by the Confusion Assessment Method and from the medical records. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to identify cognitive impairment.

Results
POD occurred in 26 of 51 patients. Delirium lasted for 1–2 days in 14 patients (short POD group) and 3 days or more in 12 patients (long POD group). The latter patients had significantly greater intraoperative blood loss and intravenous fluid infusion, a higher rate of postoperative complications, a lower MMSE score on postoperative day 4 and a longer hospital stay than patients without POD. Patients in the short POD group were significantly older than those in the long POD group and those who did not develop delirium.

Conclusion
Approximately half of the elderly patients in this study developed POD. Bleeding was found to be an important risk factor for delirium.
Endoscopic ultrasonography for evaluation of pancreatic tumours in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Hellman P , Hennings J , Åkerström G , Skogseid B 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic tumours are common in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), and close surveillance is needed to detect pancreatic lesions at an early stage. Conventional radiology is inefficient in verifying the small tumours indicated by biochemical screening. During the past decade, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has evolved as a sensitive method for the detection of small pancreatic lesions.

Methods
EUS was evaluated in 25 patients with MEN1, two of whom had symptoms due to hormonal secretion. Twenty-two patients had biochemical signs of pancreatic tumours, and in five patients lesions were located by either computed tomography (two) or transabdominal ultrasonography (three).

Results
EUS visualized pancreatic tumours in the five patients in whom lesions were detected by the other methods and in a further nine patients. Eight of these 14 patients had surgery, and tumours were confirmed histopathologically. No lesion was detected in any of the 11 patients with no tumour detected by EUS.

Conclusion
EUS is a more sensitive technique for the detection and localization of potentially malignant lesions in patients with MEN1 than computed tomography or transabdominal ultrasonography.
Study of the Growth of Capped ZnO Nanocrystals: A Route to Rational Synthesis
Authors: Viswanatha Ranjani , Sarma D. D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe report the study of complex and unexpected dependencies of nanocrystal size as well as nanocrystal‐size distribution on various reaction parameters in the synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals using poly(vinyl pyrollidone) (PVP) as a capping agent. This method establishes a qualitatively different growth mechanism to the anticipated Ostwald ripening behavior. The study of size‐distribution kinetics and an understanding of the observed non‐monotonic behaviors provides a route to rational synthesis. We used a simple, but accurate, approach to estimate the size‐distribution function of nanocrystals from the UV‐absorption spectrum. Our results demonstrate the accuracy and generality of this approach, and we also illustrate its application to various semiconducting nanocrystals, such as ZnO, ZnS, and CdSe, over a wide size range (1.8–5.3 nm).
Non‐Covalent Polyvalent Ligands by Self‐Assembly of Small Glycodendrimers: A Novel Concept for the Inhibition of Polyvalent Carbohydrate–Protein Interactions In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Thoma Gebhard , Streiff Markus B. , Katopodis Andreas G. , Duthaler Rudolf O. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Ehrhardt Claus , Masson Christophe 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPolyvalent carbohydrate–protein interactions occur frequently in biology, particularly in recognition events on cellular membranes. Collectively, they can be much stronger than corresponding monovalent interactions, rendering it difficult to control them with individual small molecules. Artificial macromolecules have been used as polyvalent ligands to inhibit polyvalent processes; however, both reproducible synthesis and appropriate characterization of such complex entities is demanding. Herein, we present an alternative concept avoiding conventional macromolecules. Small glycodendrimers which fulfill single molecule entity criteria self‐assemble to form non‐covalent nanoparticles. These particles—not the individual molecules—function as polyvalent ligands, efficiently inhibiting polyvalent processes both in vitro and in vivo. The synthesis and characterization of these glycodendrimers is described in detail. Furthermore, we report on the characterization of the non‐covalent nanoparticles formed and on their biological evaluation.
On a vector potential formulation for 3D electromechanical finite element analysis
Authors: Semenov A. S. , Kessler H. , Liskowsky A. , Balke H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA vector potential for the electric induction is applied to static three‐dimensional fully coupled electromechanical problems. A Coulomb gauge condition imposed on the electric vector potential improves the convergence behaviour of nonlinear problems, and in combination with a discrete set of Dirichlet boundary conditions, it can enforce unique vector potential solutions. Based on a spectral analysis of the stiffness matrix, the Coulomb gauge is compared with other gauge conditions. A penalized version of the weak vector potential formulation with Coulomb gauge is proposed and tested on some numerical examples in electrostatics, piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fast Gauss transform for non‐local integral FE models
Authors: Benvenuti E. , Tralli A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOriginally developed for fast solving multi‐particle problems, the fast Gauss transform (FGT) is here applied to non‐local finite element models of integral type (FEFGT). The focus is on problems requiring fine geometry discretization, as in the case of solutions that exhibit high gradients or boundary layers. As shown by one‐ and two‐dimensional examples, the FEFGT algorithm combines the robustness of the finite element method with the outstanding computational efficiency of the FGT. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mirror exposure for the treatment of body image disturbance
Authors: Delinsky Sherrie Selwyn , Wilson G. Terence 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveBody image disturbance is a risk factor for the development and persistence of eating disorders. Limitations of current treatments for body image disturbance prompted the development of a mirror exposure (ME) treatment.MethodME involves deliberate, planned, and systematic exposure to body image. The approach is nonjudgmental, holistic in focus, and mindful of present emotional experience. Complementary behavioral assignments aim to reduce avoidance and excessive checking. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of ME therapy (in a three‐session format) compared with a nondirective (ND) therapy for 45 women with extreme weight and shape concerns.ResultsME resulted in significant improvements at termination and follow‐up in body checking and avoidance, weight and shape concerns, body dissatisfaction, dieting, depression, and self‐esteem. As hypothesized, ME was significantly better than ND on many of the outcome measures.ConclusionME is an effective treatment for body image disturbance and should be evaluated in the context of treatments for eating disorders. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caffeine intake in eating disorders
Authors: Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Franko Debra L. , Thompson Douglas , Barton Bruce , Schreiber George B. , Daniels Stephen R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study compares caffeine consumption in females with an eating disorder and females without an eating disorder.MethodCaffeine intake in three diagnostic groups (10 females with anorexia nervosa, 27 females with bulimia nervosa, and 42 females with binge eating disorder [BED]) was compared with caffeine intake in three comparison groups (n = 659 each). Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of Black and White girls. Three‐day food records were examined for the years before the onset of the eating disorder, the onset year, and the years after the onset of the eating disorder. Data from the same years were used for the comparison groups.ResultsCaffeine intake increased over time between ages 9 and 19 years across all groups and this trend was not moderated by diagnostic status. For anorexia nervosa, relative to the non‐eating disorder group, the proportional intake of caffeine from soda increased significantly before onset to onset to after onset and ingestion of chocolate‐containing foods decreased sharply over time.ConclusionCaffeine consumption in young girls with eating disorders differs from girls with no eating disorders only for anorexia nervosa, but not for bulimia nervosa or BED. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal cognitions, psychopathologic symptoms, and infant temperament as predictors of early infant feeding problems: A longitudinal study
Authors: Farrow Claire , Blissett Jackie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined the contribution of prenatal and postnatal maternal core beliefs, self‐esteem, psychopathologic symptoms, and postnatal infant temperament to the prediction of infant feeding difficulties.MethodNinety‐nine women completed questionnaires assessing their core beliefs, psychopathology, and self‐esteem during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. At 6 months, mothers also rated their infant's temperament and feeding, and were ob‐served feeding their infants.ResultsMaternal reports of child feeding difficulties were predicted by higher levels of emotional deprivation and entitlement core beliefs and lower levels of self‐sacrifice and enmeshment core beliefs during pregnancy. Postnatal social isolation core beliefs, lower maternal self‐esteem, and more difficult infant temperament added significantly to the variance explained by prenatal factors. Maternal core beliefs, self‐esteem, psychopathology, and infant temperament failed to significantly predict independent observations of child food refusal.ConclusionMaternal cognitions are implicated in the development of maternal reports of feeding difficulty. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emotional overeating and its associations with eating disorder psychopathology among overweight patients with Binge eating disorder
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined emotional overeating in overweight patients with binge eating disorder (BED). A new measure—the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire (EOQ)—was developed to measure the frequency of overeating in response to emotions. The internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and factor structure of this measure were examined, and its associations with eating disorder psychopathology, depression, and gender were explored.MethodTwo hundred twenty consecutive overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25) treatment‐seeking BED patients (48 men and 172 women) were administered the EOQ, which assesses overeating frequency in response to six emotions (anxiety, sadness, loneliness, tiredness, anger, and happiness). A subset of patients (n = 83) completed the measure again approximately 1 week later. BMI was measured, and participants completed measures of eating disorder psychopathology.ResultsThe EOQ was internally consistent (α =.85), its items were significantly and moderately correlated (range .32 to .70) with each other, and principal components analysis revealed one factor accounting for 58% of the variance. The EOQ items and total score were characterized by good test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ranged from .62 to .73). Significant correlations were found between the emotional overeating items and total score, and binge frequency, eating disorder features, and depressive symptomatology. Emotional overeating was unrelated to BMI, and men and women reported similar rates of emotional overeating.ConclusionEmotional overeating was significantly associated with binge frequency, eating disorder features, and depression, but was not related to BMI or gender. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.