bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychoactive‐drug response is affected by acute low‐level microwave irradiation
Authors: Lai Hone Y. , Horita A. , Chou C. K. , Guy A. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of various psychoactive drugs were studied in rats exposed for 45 min in a circularly polarized, pulsed microwave field (2450 MHz; SAR 0.6 W/kg; 2‐μs pulses, 500 pps). Apomorphine‐induced hypothermia and stereotypy were enhanced by irradiation. Amphetamine‐induced hyperthermia was attenuated while stereotypy was unaffected. Morphine‐induced catalepsy and lethality were enhanced by irradiation at certain dosages of the drug. Since these drugs have different modes of action on central neural mechanisms and the effects of microwaves depend on the particular drug studied, these results show the complex nature of the effect of microwave irradiation on brain functions.
Oviposition and development of Drosophila modified by magnetic fields
Authors: Ramirez Eduardo , Monteagudo José L. , Garcia‐Gracia Manuel , Delgado José M. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDrosophila flies placed in a habitat with two lateral boxes demonstrated sensitivity to magnetic fields: Oviposition decreased by exposure to pulsated extremely low frequency (ELF) (100)Hz, 1.76 miliTesla (mT) and sinusosidal fields (50 Hz, 1 mT), while there was no initial effect of exposure to a static magnetic field (4.5 mT). Drosophila eggs treated for 48 h with the above described fields showed that (1) mortality of eggs was lower in controls than in eggs exposed to all tested magnetic fields; (2) mortality of larvae increased when a permanent magnet was used; (3) mortality of pupae was highest when a permanent magnet was used; and (4) general adult viability was highest in controls (67%) and diminished progressively when eggs were exposed to pulsated (55%), sinusoidal (45%), and static (35%) magnetic fields.
Perinatal exposure to 60‐Hz electric fields: Effects on the development of the visual‐evoked response in rats
Authors: Jaffe R. A. , Lopresti C. A. , Carr D. B. , Phillips R. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo independent series of experiments were performed on 114 male Sprague‐Dawley derived, albino rat pups, which represented 61 litters in experimental series I and 53 litters in experimental series II. Animals were exposed for 20 h/day from conception to testing (postnatal days 11–20) to a vertical, 65‐kV/m, 60‐Hz electric field or sham‐exposed. Recordings of the visual‐evoked response (VER) were obtained using a small silver ball electrode placed epidurally over the visual cortex. Visual stimuli consisted of 10‐μS light flashes delivered at 0.2 Hz. Computer‐averaged VERs were obtained and power spectral analyses (fast Fourier transform) were performed on the tapered (split cosine‐bell window), averaged VERs. The expected age‐related changes were clearly evident; however, a detailed analysis of VER component latencies, peak‐to‐peak amplitude, and power spectra failed to reveal any consistent, statistically significant effect of exposure to 60‐Hz electric fields.
Microwaves (2,450 MHz) suppress murine natural killer cell activity
Authors: Smialowicz R. J. , Rogers R. R. , Garner R. J. , Riddle M. M. , Luebke R. W. , Rowe D. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effect of 2,450‐MHz CW microwaves on natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen stimulation was studied in mice. Groups of mice were irradiated at power densities of 5, 15, or 30 mW/cm2 (SAR = 3.5, 10.5, and 21 W/kg respectively) for 1.5 h on 2 or 9 consecutive days. NK cell activity was determined using an in vitro 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay and an in vivo tumor‐cell clearance assay. No consistent change was observed in the mitogen response of spleen cells from sham compared with irradiated mice. A significant suppression of NK cell activity measured in vitro was observed for mice irradiated at 30 mW/cm2, but not at 15 or 5 mW/cm2. A significant suppression of NK cell activity, as determined using the in vivo tumor clearance assay, was also observed at 30 mW/cm2. NK cell activity, as determined using the in vitro assay, returned to normal within 24 h following the last irradiation. Treatment of mice with hydrocortisone caused suppression of NK cell activity measured in vitro and in vivo. Paradoxically, peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis was enhanced following irradiation at 30 mW/cm2, the power density at which NK activity was suppressed. The possible role that microwave heating plays in producing these effects is discussed.
Acoustical imaging of a model of a human hand using pulsed microwave irradiation
Authors: Olsen Richard G. , Lin James C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPulsed 5.66‐GHz microwave energy irradiated a model of a human hand that was positioned above a submerged planar array of 400 hydrophones. Hydrophone response data were analyzed by a computer that graphically reproduced the image.
Teaching dancercise to persons who are mentally handicapped: Programming transfer of stimulus control to a community setting
Authors: O'Conner Yvonne M. , Cuvo Anthony J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study demonstrated procedures to promote the acquisition and transfer of stimulus control of an age‐appropriate exercise skill. Three young adults diagnosed as mentally handicapped in a residential setting were taught a commercial dancercise routine during individual training sessions using a package of instructional procedures. A combination of a multiple baseline across subjects and a multiple baseline across response groups design showed that skill acquisition occurred only after each subject received training, and that performance did not generalize across exercise response groups. Training progressively incorporated more participants, new teachers, and new settings. Ultimately, subjects performed in a community dancercise class attended by 100 nonhandicapped persons.
The effects of staff self‐management on positive social interactions in a group home setting
Authors: Doerner Mark , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Bakken Joel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a participative management (self‐management) procedure directed toward increasing the frequency of positive interactions between direct‐care staff and group home residents. A component of the self‐management procedure, goal setting, was also evaluated. This study took place in two group homes housing a total of 16 male and female adults with moderate to mild mental retardation. Ten direct‐care staff served as subjects. It was found that self‐management produced an increase in the frequency of positive interactions of staff and residents, but did not produce changes in other behaviors being measured (e.g., negative interactions, self‐stimulation, etc.). Goal setting did not result in changes in positive interactions or other target behaviors. Reasons for the different results of self‐management versus goal‐setting are discussed and further research is suggested.
Use of behavioral techniques by paraprofessional staff: A review and proposal
Authors: Harchik Alan E. , Sherman James A. , Hopkins B. L. , Strouse Michael C. , Sheldon Jan B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractParaprofessionals are increasingly being employed to provide direct care to children and adults who have behavioral deficits and excesses, such as those labeled developmentally disabled, mentally ill, or delinquent. Behavioral techniques, if effectively taught to paraprofessionals, offer ways of both teaching new skills to clients and reducing their undesirable behaviors. This article describes the methods that have been used to teach paraprofessionals to use behavioral techniques, how these skills can be maintained on the job, and the effects upon client behavior that result from this teaching of paraprofessionals. In addition, a system for teaching staff to implement and continue to use behavioral techniques is proposed.
Teaching self‐treatment of cold symptoms to an anoxic brain injured adult
Authors: O'reilly Mark F. , Cuvo Anthony J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTraumatic brain injury can result in behavioral and physical deficits that require intensive post‐acute residential rehabilitation. Behaviors targeted by such programs include basic self‐care and living skills. We examined the efficacy of a behavioral training strategy to teach appropriate medical treatment of four different groups of simulated cold symptoms to an anoxic brain injured adult. The strategy included instructor prompting and feedback in the use of written task analyses and picture cues as self‐administered prompts. Subsequent to baseline, the participant used written generic task analyses combined with picture cues and then, if necessary, written specific task analyses combined with picture cues to prompt appropriate self‐treatment of the four types of colds. Written individualized task analyses, tailored to participant errors, were used to fade specific task analysis prompts and transfer stimulus control to the discriminative stimuli present in the picture cues. A multiple baseline design across responses showed that skill acquisition did not occur after generic task analysis training, but did so after specific task analysis training. The participant responded to all four types of colds for three consecutive trials at 100% correct under baseline conditions. Follow‐up results indicated that transfer of stimulus control to the cold symptoms simulated by the picture cues alone did not maintain over time. Correct responding was retrained using generic and, if necessary, individualized task analysis training conditions.
Evaluation of a shaping procedure with the changing‐criterion design
Authors: Osborne Mary L. , Himadi Bill 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study used the changing‐criterion design to document the effectiveness of a behavioral training package to alter the topography of a complex behavior. In this case, bed‐making was established for a severely debilitated adult mental patient who was chronically institutionalized. Experimental control was demonstrated by a step‐wise progression in performance to the final target behavior. The changing‐criterion design provides an effective record of the shaping process and is sufficiently flexible for other single‐subject design elements to be included.
A blind woman who is mentally retarded promoting and sharing the occupational engagement of a dependent deaf‐blind adolescent
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Oliva Doretta , Bartolini Teresa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA blind woman who is mentally retarded was employed (as peer care‐giver) to promote and eventually share the occupational engagement of a deaf‐blind adolescent (trainee) who was dependent on physical prompting. A computer‐aided program was used to provide objects for the responses and facilitate orientation and mobility. The trainee was also exposed to the computer‐aided program individually to assess the effects of the program per se. The results showed highly positive changes only in the condition involving the peer care‐giver. In this condition, the trainee performed high frequencies of correct responses. Moreover, the care‐giver managed to share responding with the trainee. Technical and practical aspects of the findings are discussed.
The multiple baseline design across exemplars
Authors: Paniagua Freddy A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree variations of the multiple baseline design (MBD) have been identified in the behavioral literature: MBD across behaviors, subjects and situations. This analysis proposes an important variant of the MBD across behaviors, namely the MBD across exemplars. In this variant, two or more components (exemplars) of the behavior class form the baselines of the design. Thus, intervention is applied separately and sequentially to each target exemplar. The implicit rule of the MBD across exemplars can be seen in several published papers in the behavioral literature. The value of recognizing this variant of the MBD across behaviors is its usefulness as an alternative experimental intervention in clinical settings where the possibility of a convincing research design might not otherwise be seen.
Teaching boys with severe mental retardation to serve themselves during family‐style meals
Authors: Maeser Nell C. , Thyer Bruce A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree institutionalized adolescents with severe mental retardation were taught the socially valid skill of serving themselves during family‐style meals. A nine‐step task analysis was used as a guide for teaching the students, combined with verbal prompts, physical guidance, praise and correction. A multiple base‐line design across three subjects was used to evaluate training. All three students successfully acquired the skill, which was seen as a step towards normalization and community placement.
The collateral effect of compliance training on aggression
Authors: Montgomery Robert W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study represents a report on unexpected positive collateral benefits in the reduction of aggression. The treatment, for compliance across three classes of requests, resulted in the spontaneous reduction in non‐targeted aggressive behavior across settings and time. An institutionalized adult male who was severely retarded and chronically aggressive served as the subject. Archival investigator‐ and facility staff‐generated reports of aggressive episodes, based upon an operational definition in use for over a year at the time of the study, were used as dependent measures. A withdrawal design was used to demonstrate the collateral treatment effects upon aggression. The subject received positive treatment for his noncompliance within a multiple baseline across behavior classes design. Fifteen requests were presented to the subject in random order during each treatment session, compliant behavior was reinforced using praise and physical contact. Results of the compliance training showed immediate and marked increases in compliance with a collateral decrease in the incidents of aggression. While aggression increased during the nonintervention follow‐up phase of the study, it remained significantly lower than baseline levels.
Reducing stereotyped behavior using momentary dro: An experimental analysis
Authors: Derwas Helen , Jones Robert S. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMomentary DRO, a little‐used variant of DRO, was compared with a more traditional DRO procedure in the reduction of stereotyped behavior displayed by five subjects with severe mental retardation. Momentary DRO appeared to be more effective than the traditional procedure for three subjects, less effective for one subjects and to increase the stereotyped behavior of the final subject above baseline levels, These findings are discussed in relation to response covariation effects, treatment maintenance and case of implementation.
Prevalence of dual diagnosis in an institution for individuals who are developmentally handicapped
Authors: Chitty Dorothy J. , Boo Shuan S. , Jamieson John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of dual diagnosis (developmental handicap with accompanying mental illness) was examined in a population of 71 persons who are institutionalized and developmentally handicapped. The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior (Reiss, 1988) revealed that 69% of the popula‐ tion had a dual diagnosis. The incidence of dual diagnosis was not related to level of functioning, although the type of psychopathology varied considerably across levels of functioning. In contrast to findings from the Reiss Screen, previous psychiatric diagnosis indicated a much lower rate of dual diagnosis (26.8%), as did current psychiatric assessment. There was little agreement between the two psychiatric assessments, or between the Reiss Screen and the psychiatric assessments. The Reiss Screen appears to provide information of more practical value for community placement decisions than is provided by the psychiatric assessments. Limitations to the concept of ‚dual diagnosis’︁ for characterizing the mental health needs of persons with a developmental handicap are discussed.
Synthetische Arbeiten in der Reihe der aromatischen Erythrina‐Alkaloide, VIII. Die Synthese der „PRELOG‐Base C18H21NO2 aus Dihydroerysotrin”︁
Authors: Mondon Albert , Nestler Hans Jürgen , Vilhuber Heinz‐Georg , Ehrhardt Manfred 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Eigenschaften und Reaktionen des Brom‐keto‐lactams VI werden beschrieben. Während eine direkte Bromwasserstoff‐Abspaltung zum Enol V nicht gelingt, führt die Einwirkung von Lithiumchlorid in Dimethylformamid nach HOLYSZ zu dem chlorhaltigen Enol XX, aus dem durch freiwillige Dehydrierung und Ringaufspaltung das partiell hydrierte 7H‐Dibenz[d.f]azonin‐Derivat XXX entsteht. Zum Strukturbeweis wird die Verbindung in die PRELOG‐Base II umgewandelt.
Zur relativen Stabilität der Silicium‐Halogen‐Bindungen
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Einwirkung von Schwefeltrioxid auf Trimethylfluorsilan entsteht die Verbindung (CH3)3SiOSO2F (I), die nach dem NMR‐Spektrum ein echtes Trimethylsilyl‐fluorosulfat und nicht ein Addukt (CH3)3SiF.SO3 ist. I reagiert mit Trimethylchlorsilan quantitativ zu Trimethylsilyl‐chlorosulfat unter Rückbildung von Trimethylfluorsilan. Die Sulfurierung von Dimethyldifluorsilan mit SO3 liefert stufenweise Dimethylfluorsilyl‐fluorosulfat (CH3)2FSiOSO2F und Dimethylsilyl‐bis‐fluorosulfat (CH3)2Si(OSO2F)2. Beide Stoffe wirken ebenfalls auf Methylchlorsilane sulfurierend ein unter Rückbildung von (CH3)2SiF2. — Dimethylfluorchlorsilan (CH3)2SiFCl addiert ein Mol. SO3 ausschließlich zu Dimethylfluorsilyl‐chlorosulfat, nicht aber zu Dimethylchlorsilyl‐fluorosulfat. Die Identität ist wieder NMR‐spektroskopisch eindeutig nachweisbar. — Die physikalischen und NMR‐spektroskopischen Daten der neuen Verbindungen werden beschrieben und zusammen mit den beobachteten Reaktionsabläufen hinsichtlich der relativen Stabilität der Silicium‐Halogen‐Bindungen diskutiert.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Bis‐trifluormethylsulfenyl‐uretidin‐dion
Authors: Haas Alois 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie cyclische Dimerisierung von F3CSNCO und die quantitative Hydrolyse des Dimeren zu N.N′‐Bis‐trifluormethylsulfenyl‐harnstoff und Kohlendioxid werden untersucht. Die daraus gefolgerte Struktur eines Bis‐trifluormethylsulfenyl‐uretidin‐dions steht im Einklang mit dem IR‐ sowie dem 19F‐NMR‐Spektrum.
Beitrag zur Bildung von Allyläthern in der Flavonreihe und Versuche zur Claisen‐Umlagerung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Quercetins
Authors: Heimann Werner , Bär Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQuercetin läßt sich mit Allylbromid zum 6‐C‐Allyl‐quercetin‐3.7.3′.4′‐tetraallyläther (II) umsetzen, Quercetin‐pentaacetat zum 7‐O‐Allyl‐quercetin‐3.5.3′.4′‐tetraacetat (IV), das zum 7.4′‐Di‐O‐allyl‐quercetin‐triacetat (VII) weiter allyliert werden kann. 3.4′‐Dihydroxy‐flavon wurde zum 3.4′‐Diallyloxy‐flavon (X) allyliert. Durch Claisen‐Umlagerung wurde aus 7‐O‐Allyl‐quercetin‐3.5.3′.4′‐tetramethyläther der 8‐C‐Allyl‐quercetin‐3.5.3′.4′‐tetramethyläther gewonnen.
Stickstoffhaltige Steroide, IX. 16α.17α‐Iminoverbindungen der Pregnanreihe
Authors: Drefahl Günther , Ponsold Kurt , Schönecker Bruno 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Behandlung von 16α‐Methoxyamino‐3β‐acetoxy‐ oder 16α‐Äthoxyamino‐3β‐acetoxy‐Δ5‐pregnenon‐(20) mit Natriummethylat entsteht 3β‐Hydroxy‐16α.17α‐imino‐Δ5‐pregnenon‐(20); dessen Eigenschaften und einige Umsetzungen werden untersucht.
Infrarot‐ und massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen an isomeren Dischwefeldifluoriden. Hinweise auf eine Molekülverbindung aus Difluordisulfan und Thiothionylfluorid
Authors: Seel Fritz , Budenz Rudolf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInfrarot‐ und Massenspektren der beiden isomeren Dischwefeldifluoride werden mitgeteilt. — Bei der Umwandlung von Difluordisulfan in Thiothionylfluorid entsteht zunächst eine Molekülverbindung, welche die beiden Isomeren im Molverhältnis 1:1 enthält. Die Molekülverbindung ist auch durch Tempern von Thiothionylfluorid bei −50 bis −80° erhältlich.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von SnF2Cl2, SnF2(ONO2)2 und SnOF2
Authors: Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSnCl4 und ClF reagieren bei 80° in guter Ausbeute zu SnF2Cl2, einem farblosen, hygroskopischen, kristallinen Pulver. Mit überschüssigem Chlornitrat bildet sich daraus quantitativ Zinndifluoriddinitrat, SnF2(ONO2)2. Beide Verbindungen besitzen nach dem IR‐Spektrum Tetraedersymmetrie (C2v). Die ONO2‐Gruppen sind weitgehend homöopolar gebunden und gegeneinander verdrillt. Durch thermischen Abbau von SnF2(ONO2)2 erhält man bei 250° kubisch kristallisierendes, polymeres SnOF2 (a = 8.89 Å, Z = 12). Das IR‐Spektrum des SnOF2 läßt sich in erster Näherung nach der Symmetrie Oh mit sechsfach koordiniertem Zinn zuordnen.
Perfluorierte Acyl‐eisennitrosylcarbonyle RfCOFe(CO)(NO)(P(C6H5)3)
Authors: Hieber Walter , Klingshirn Werner , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMit perfluorierten Carbonsäureanhydriden geht Natrium‐tricarbonylnitrosylferrat im Gegensatz zu anderen Na‐Carbonylmetallaten keine Reaktion ein, mit den betreffenden Perfluorcarbonsäuren selbst bilden sich jedoch bei Anwesenheit von Triphenylphosphin stabile Acylverbindungen gemäß (Rf = CF3 und C2F5):

Mit höheren Perfluorcarbonsäuren oder schwächeren Liganden wie As(C6H5)3 (L) entsteht keine derartige Acylverbindung, sondern es bilden sich unter Disproportionierung Derivate von Eisennitrosylcarbonyl Fe(NO)2L2. — Bei der Umsetzung des Natrium‐tricarbonylnitrosylferrats mit Trifluoressigsäure und dem im Vergleich zum Triphenylphosphin stärker basischen Tricyclohexylphosphin entsteht das Phosphoniumsalz [HP(C6H11)3][Fe(CO)3(NO)].
Bis‐phosphinsubstituierte Carbonylmanganate(—I) und ihre Derivate
Authors: Hieber Walter , Höfler Mathias , Muschi Johannes 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Reduktion bis‐phosphinsubstituierter Mangancarbonylhalogenide Mn(CO)3(PR3)2X (R = C6H5, OC6H5, C6H11; X = Cl, Br, J) mit Alkaliamalgam werden entsprechende Bis(phosphin)‐carbonylmanganate(‐I) Me[Mn(CO)3(PR3)2] (Me = Na, K) dargestellt. Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und IR‐Spektren charakterisieren sie als typische Salze, welche mit Methyljodid oder — speziell perfluorierten — Carbonsäureanhydriden sehr beständige Organomangancarbonyle R′Mn(CO)3(PR3)2 (R′ = CH3, CF3, C2F5, CF3CO, C2F5CO) liefern. Mit Säuren bilden sich die bemerkenswert stabilen Hydrogencarbonyle HMn(CO)3(PR3)2, die in ihren dielektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften mit den Eisencarbonylen Fe(CO)3(PR3)2 (HMn = ψFe) übereinstimmen. Bei der Umsetzung der Natriumsalze mit Hg(CN)2 resultieren — in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Liganden R — die Quecksilberverbindungen [HgIMn(CO)3(PR3)2]2 (R = C6H5) bzw. HgII[Mn(CO)3(PR3)2]2 (R = OC6H5).
Über selektive katalytische Oxydationen, XXII. Katalytische Oxydation von 1.6‐Anhydro‐β‐D‐galaktopyranose zu 1.6‐Anhydro‐β‐D‐xylo‐hexopyranons‐3‐ulose
Authors: Heyns Kurt , Weyer Jost , Paulsen Hans 
Published: June 2007

Abstract1.6‐Anhydro‐β‐D‐galaktopyranose (II) läßt sich durch Oxydation mit Sauerstoff am Platinkontakt in guter Ausbeute in kristallisierte 1.6‐Anhydro‐β‐D‐xylo‐hexopyranons‐3‐ulose (III) überführen, wobei die Oxydation selektiv an der axialen Hydroxylgruppe des C‐Atoms 3 eintritt. III zeigt einen positiven COTTON‐Effekt, was der Voraussage der Oktanten‐Regel von DJERASSI entspricht. Das Oxim von III liefert bei katalytischer Hydrierung 3‐Amino‐1.6‐anhydro‐3‐desoxy‐β‐D‐galaktopyranose.
Darstellung von Vinylphosphoniumsalzen und Vinylphosphinen
Authors: Hoffmann Hellmut , Diehr Hans Joachim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVinylphosphoniumsalze können in guten Ausbeuten durch Umsetzung von Triphenylphosphin mit akzeptorsubstituierten Acetylenverbindungen in Gegenwart von Mineralsäuren erhalten werden. Durch Umsetzung von Diphenylphosphin mit Acetylenverbindungen entstehen Vinylphosphine. Die Reaktion von α‐Brom‐benzalacetophenon mit Diphenylphosphin bzw. Triphenylphosphinhydrobromid wird diskutiert.