bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hot compress treatment with a hot water bottle on physiological parameters and subjective sensations in healthy women
Authors: HASEBE Yoshiko 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to obtain data on young women during the afternoon, which would be comparable with the results of previous research performed in the morning, in order to examine the effects of hot compresses in the form of hot water bottles on physiological responses and subjective evaluation, and to investigate interactions between the measured values and physical factors, including menstrual variations.Methods: A crossover design using hot water bottles at 80, 55, and 30°C was used, and 11 healthy female students participated in the study. The hot water bottles at 30°C were used as controls, because 30°C is approximately the internal temperature of a bed. Each hot water bottle was applied to the plantar feet.Results: The major findings of our study were that: (i) water temperature in the hot water bottle has significant effects on the subjective thermal sensation, the deep plantar temperature, and the in‐bed humidity; (ii) the 80°C bottle was superior to the 55°C bottle with regard to the subjective sensations of the subject; and (iii) thermal sensation may be correlated with the deep plantar temperature, the in‐bed temperature and the in‐bed humidity.Conclusions: The present study indicates that it is very likely that thermal sensation is affected by the temperature of water in the hot water bottle. When using a hot water bottle to warm up young women in the afternoon, augmentation of cutaneous blood flow in the toes does not seem to be the best index of thermal sensation.
Innovations in United States genetics nursing: Practice and research
Authors: LEA Dale H. , COOKSEY Judith A. , FLANAGAN Patricia A. , WILLIAMS Janet K. , FORTE Gaetano 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim:  Clinical and research applications from human genome discoveries are growing and creating both opportunities and challenges to the integration of genetic concepts into practice and research. Nurses have a long history of caring for individuals, families, and groups with genetic conditions. In the past two decades, a small group of nurses in the USA have used a variety of strategies to further develop the field of genetics nursing. In this paper we identify innovative approaches to identifying genetics‐related nursing roles and opportunities, as well as successful collaborative efforts beyond nursing to address the emerging health and societal challenges related to human genetics discoveries.Methods:  The information presented here comes from a variety of sources where the authors or genetics nurses directly participated, including: (i) a systematic literature review of genetics nursing; (ii) a comprehensive research study of models of delivering clinical genetics services and the roles of health professionals; and (iii) participation in numerous national research, planning, programmatic, and advisory groups involved with clinical genetics‐related health services, research, education, and public policy.Results:  Genetics nurses in the US have developed innovative responses to genetics‐related challenges within and beyond the profession of nursing. These include: (i) establishing an organization for nurses in genetics and gaining formal recognition of genetics as a specialty of nursing; (ii) defining the scope of genetics nursing practice and developing a new genetics nursing credential; (iii) establishing a multiprofessional genetics education coalition and defining genetic competency for health‐care practice; (iv) creating new clinical practice roles for nurses that integrate emerging genetics concepts and skills into diverse clinical practice areas; (v) expanding nursing involvement in genetics‐related research; and (vi) participation in high‐level genetics advisory groups.Conclusions:  The US experience shows that nurses have made substantial progress in expanding their involvement in genetic services through visionary leadership, innovative approaches to challenges, establishing support with nurse colleagues, and engaging in multiprofessional efforts. The most important first step is developing a supportive environment for nurse advancement. In the US, the genetics nurses’ organization known as the International Society of Nurses in Genetics (ISONG) has provided this base.
USE OF FOURIER TRANSFORM MECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY TO STUDY THE MELTING BEHAVIOR OF CHEESE
Authors: UDAYARAJAN C.T. , LUCEY J.A. , HORNE D.S. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT Fourier Transform Mechanical Spectroscopy (FTMS), which employs a complex sinusoidal waveform, was investigated for its applicability in measuring the rheological properties in the cheese system. The complex wave used in FTMS is a superposition of several sine waves whose frequencies are harmonics of a base frequency. FTMS was used to investigate the rheological properties of a 10‐month‐old Cheddar cheese while the sample was heated from 10 to 90C or cooled from 90 to 10C at the rate of 1C/min or 0.5C/min. The component frequencies of the complex waveform were 0.08, 0.4, 0.8 and 4 Hz. The widely used small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements, which employ only discrete frequencies, were also conducted on separate cheese samples to test the robustness of FTMS results. During heating, the values of the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) decreased by at least four orders of magnitude. In the temperature region from 44 to 55C, there was a shoulder in the G′ and G″ profiles, which was more pronounced at high frequencies; and in the high‐temperature region from 70 to 90C, the dynamic moduli values either reached a plateau or slightly increased. The frequency dependence of the dynamic moduli increased after 40C. The temperature and values of dynamic moduli at the crossover of G′ and G″ were highly dependent on frequency. Clear maxima were observed in loss tangent (LT) profiles and the temperature of maxima and their values were highly dependent on frequency. Results were similar for both rates of heating, but the heating and cooling curves for G′, G″ and LT showed hysteresis. The results from FTMS agreed well with the SAOS measurements for all the frequencies tested and indicated that the FTMS technique is a useful method to probe the molecular behavior of cheese systems while undergoing heating or cooling.
CONSISTENCY OF DISPERSED FOOD SYSTEMS AND ITS EVALUATION BY SQUEEZING FLOW VISCOMETRY
Authors: CORRADINI MARIA G. , PELEG MICHA 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT In testing semiliquid foods, conventional viscometers have two major problems: slip and disruption of the specimen's microstructure upon its insertion into the narrow gap of the sensor. These two problems are almost completely eliminated when lubricated squeezing flow viscometry is used; slip becomes a prerequisite for a proper test and, because of the large initial distance between the plates, the specimen can be tested practically intact. The penalty is that with the instrumentation commonly available in food research and quality assurance laboratories, the method can only be used at fairly small rates. In squeezing flow viscometry, the overall consistency of the tested material can be expressed in terms of the apparent stress at a given specimen height and its “degree of solidity” by the residual apparent stress at a given specimen height, measured after more than a minute at relaxation. The method is sensitive enough to determine differences between semiliquid foods, to record changes in their rheological properties as a result of shearing and to monitor their ability to recover their consistency when left to rest. The method also allows to follow the structural development of foams during their formation and collapse, because of drainage, when left undisturbed.
The Unfolded Protein Response: A Novel Component of the Hypoxic Stress Response in Tumors
Authors: Feldman Douglas E. , Chauhan Vibha , Koong Albert C. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Hypoxia is a physiologically important endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is present in all solid tumors. Numerous clinical studies have shown that tumor hypoxia predicts for decreased local control, increased distant metastases, and decreased overall survival in a variety of human tumors. Hypoxia selects for tumors with an increased malignant phenotype and increases the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Tumor cells respond to hypoxia and ER stress through the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is an adaptive response to increase cell survival during ER stress. XBP-1 is a critical transcriptional regulator of this process and is required for tumor growth. Pancreatic ER kinase (PKR-like ER kinase) regulates the translational branch of the UPR and is also important in the growth of tumors. Although the exact mechanism has yet to be elucidated, recent data suggest that the UPR affects tumor growth through protection from apoptosis and may influence angiogenic signaling pathways. Targeting various components of the UPR is a promising therapeutic strategy. Understanding the relationship between hypoxia, the UPR, and tumor growth is crucial to improving current cancer therapies.
Multitargeted Effects of Statin-Enhanced Thrombolytic Therapy for Stroke With Recombinant Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in the Rat
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Zheng Gang , Ding Guang Liang , Jiang Quan , Liu Xianshuang , Meng He , Hozeska Ann , Zhang Chunling , Li Lian , Morris Dan , Zhang Rui Lan , Lu Mei , Chopp Michael 
Published: November 2005

Background—Microvascular dysfunction posttreatment of stroke with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rht-PA) constrains the therapeutic window to 3 hours. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) promote vascular thrombolysis and reduce the inflammation response. We therefore investigated the neuroprotective effects of a combination of atorvastatin and delayed rht-PA treatment in a rat model of embolic stroke.Methods and Results—Rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with atorvastatin in combination with rht-PA 4 hours after stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements revealed that combination treatment with atorvastatin and rht-PA blocked the expansion of the ischemic lesion, which improved neurological function compared with saline-treated rats. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis of single endothelial cells isolated by laser-capture microdissection from brain tissue and immunostaining showed that combination treatment downregulated expression of tissue factor, von Willebrand factor, protease-activated receptor-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which concomitantly reduced cerebral microvascular thrombosis and enhanced microvascular integrity. Combination treatment did not increase cerebrovascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels or eNOS activity, and inhibition of NOS activity withN-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester did not block the beneficial effects of combination treatment on stroke. Furthermore, combination treatment compared with thrombolytic monotherapy increased cerebral blood flow and reduced infarct volume in eNOS-null mice.Conclusions—These data demonstrate that combination treatment with atorvastatin and rht-PA exerts a neuroprotective effect when administered 4 hours after stroke and that the therapeutic benefits are likely attributed to its multitargeted effects on cerebrovascular patency and integrity.
Watching the Experts
Authors: Ryan Martin , Dowden Cathy , Healy Bill , Renouf Noel 
Published: November 2005

Summary: What characterizes the practice of expert mental health social workers? An observational study of social workers in a public mental health network in Melbourne, Australia sought to answer this question and the findings are reported in this article. As part of a larger study of mental health social work expertise, direct observation was done of the work of six practitioners engaged in a range of activities about which they were subsequently interviewed. Findings: In the first stage based on group interviews, six themes were identified. These were termed: 1) ‘The Knowledge’; 2) ‘A lot of hard grind’; 3) ‘We are here for the clients’; 4) ‘The complicated and the difficult’; 5) ‘The stone in the shoe’; and 6) ‘Going ten rounds with the system’. In this second stage observational study, evidence was found for all of these six themes, plus two additional ones relating to supervision and the emotive content of the work. Applications: Development of expertise consists of three elements: 1) a personality predisposition and personal capacity; 2) education; and 3) a conducive workplace environment. The application of the findings lies in developing the conditions for these elements to emerge.
Risk, Resilience and Outdoor Programmes for At-risk Children
Authors: Ungar Michael , Dumond Camille , Mcdonald Wanda 
Published: November 2005

Summary: In this article we explore a continuum of interventions that offer at-risk children and youth experience in outdoor wilderness environments. Though these experiences are thought to enhance the well-being of participants, the mechanisms by which programming in natural environments promotes health have been poorly understood. In this article we discuss different types of outdoor programmes in which social workers and allied professionals participate, linking programme goals and outcomes to research on mitigating risk and promoting resilience in at-risk populations. Findings: Findings are based on qualitative data gathered as part of regular programme evaluations and a separate study of 14 participants’ reactions to programming. Results show favourable outcomes in terms of relationship building and a sense of spirituality and purpose, though there was little increased awareness of environmental issues. Follow-up and support after programming helped to reinforce changes made during the outdoor experience. Applications:These case studies, combined with a review of the literature, provide the basis for a theoretically sound approach to understanding the health-enhancing mechanisms that operate through outdoor experience-based education and treatment. Similarities between the gains made in well-being and resilience are highlighted.
Patterns of Non-offending Parental Involvement in Therapy with Sexually Abused Children
Authors: Hill Andrew 
Published: November 2005

Summary:This review explores the international literature on therapeutic work with sexually abused children. The emphasis is on the nature, extent and outcomes of non-offending parental involvement in such work. The context is an increasing recognition of the significant influence that non-offending parents may have on their children’s recovery and, at the same time, the serious impact on parents themselves of finding out about the sexual abuse of their children, including the impact on their relationships with their children. Findings:The article identifies a number of distinct approaches to therapy that differ widely in the nature and extent of non-offending parental involvement. The diversity of approach reflects the variety of underlying theoretical orientation. The implications for children’s recovery are discussed. Applications: Involving non-offending parents in therapeutic work with their sexually abused children may be important in promoting successful outcomes. It is argued that the perceived benefits of some of the approaches under review may be used flexibly, and in combination, to make significant advances in practice.
The peroxisomal multifunctional protein interacts with cortical microtubules in plant cells
Authors: Chuong Simon DX , Park Nam-Il , Freeman Michelle C , Mullen Robert T , Muench Douglas G 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
The plant peroxisomal multifunctional protein (MFP) possesses up to four enzymatic activities that are involved in catalyzing different reactions of fatty acid β-oxidation in the peroxisome matrix. In addition to these peroxisomal activities, in vitro assays revealed that rice MFP possesses microtubule- and RNA-binding activities suggesting that this protein also has important functions in the cytosol.

Results
We demonstrate that MFP is an authentic microtubule-binding protein, as it localized to the cortical microtubule array in vivo, in addition to its expected targeting to the peroxisome matrix. MFP does not, however, interact with the three mitotic microtubule arrays. Microtubule co-sedimentation assays of truncated versions of MFP revealed that multiple microtubule-binding domains are present on the MFP polypeptide. This indicates that these regions function together to achieve high-affinity binding of the full-length protein. Real-time imaging of a transiently expressed green fluorescent protein-MFP chimera in living plant cells illustrated that a dynamic, spatial interaction exits between peroxisomes and cortical microtubules as peroxisomes move along actin filaments or oscillate at fixed locations.

Conclusion
Plant MFP is associated with the cortical microtubule array, in addition to its expected localization in the peroxisome. This observation, coupled with apparent interactions that frequently occur between microtubules and peroxisomes in the cell cortex, supports the hypothesis that MFP is concentrated on microtubules in order to facilitate the regulated import of MFP into peroxisomes.
Unusual explosive growth of a squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp after electrical burn injury and subsequent coverage by sequential free flap vascular connection – a case report
Authors: Horch Raymund E , Stark G Bjoern , Beier Justus P 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Squamous cell carcinomos may arise from chronic ulcerating wounds in scars, most commonly postburn scars. Tumour growth usually takes place over months to years. Localization on the scalp is a relatively rare condition.

Case presentation
This report presents the case of a 63-year-old man with chronic ulceration of a postburn scar of the scalp due to an electrical burn 58 years ago. Sudden tumour growth started within weeks and on presentation already had extended through the skull into frontal cortex. After radical tumour resection, defect was covered with a free radial forearm flap. Local recurrence occurred 6 weeks later. Subsequent wide excision including discard of the flap and preservation of the radial vessels was followed by transfer of a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap, using the radial vessels of the first flap as recipient vessels. The patient received radiotherapy post-operatively. There were no problems with flap survivals or wound healing. Due to rapidly growing recurrence the patient died 2 months later.

Conclusion
Explosive SCC tumour growth might occur in post-burn scars after more than 50 years. As a treatment option the use of sequential free flap connections might serve in repeated extensive tumour resections, especially in the scalp region, where suitable donor vessels are often located in distance to the defect.
Comparative levels and time trends in blood pressure, total cholesterol, Body Mass Index and smoking among Caucasian and South-Asian participants of a UK primary-care based cardiovascular risk factor screening programme
Authors: Lyratzopoulos Georgios , McElduff Patrick , Heller Richard F , Hanily Margaret , Lewis Philip S 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Individuals of South-Asian origin have a comparatively higher cardiovascular disease burden, but there is uncertainty about whether this is due to differences in risk factor levels and trends. We therefore studied comparative levels and time trends in blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and current smoking among UK Caucasian and South-Asian individuals.

Methods
Repeatable cross-sectional survey of men and women aged 35–60 attending for first screening as part of a primary-care based cardiovascular risk factor screening programme 1989 and 1999.

Results
Of 34,122 men and 37,294 women participants, 499 men (1.5%)and 381 women (1%) were of South-Asian origin. South-Asian men had lower systolic [(-4.91 mmHg (95% Confidence Iterval (CI): -3.58 to -6.23)] and diastolic BP [-2.87 mmHg (-2.02 to -3.72)], with no significant differences in cholesterol and BMI. South-Asian women had lower systolic BP [-1.77 mmHg, 95% (-0.21 to -3.33)], diastolic BP [-1.87 mmHg (-0.92 to -2.82)], cholesterol [-0.24 mmol/l (-0.08 to -0.39)]; and higher BMI [+0.78 kg/m2 (0.25 to 1.3)]. South-Asian men and women had significantly lower prevalence of self-reported current smoking (29.0% and 1.8% respectively). With the exception of self-reported current smoking, between ethnic group risk factor trends were not converging.

Conclusion
With the exception of women's BMI, South-Asian individuals had either lower or similar levels of the examined cardiovascular risk factors, compared with Caucasian individuals. Although time trends in smoking were converging, other risk factors trends were similar between the two ethnic groups. Overall the findings do not support the hypothesis that the relatively high cardiovascular disease burden in UK South-Asians is due to higher levels exposure to the examined risk factors. Other hypotheses, such as higher frequency of diabetes and increased genetic predisposition, require further exploration.
Interleukin-4 (IL4) and Interleukin-4 receptor (IL4RA) polymorphisms in asthma: a case control study
Authors: Isidoro-García María , Dávila Ignacio , Laffond Elena , Moreno Esther , Lorente Félix , González-Sarmiento Rogelio 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
IL4/IL4RA pathway plays an important role in atopy and asthma. Different polymorphisms in IL4 and IL4RA genes have been described. Particularly, -33C>TIL4 and 576Q>RIL4RA SNPs have been independently associated to atopy and asthma. The purpose of this study was to analyse these polymorphisms in a population of patients with a well-characterized asthma phenotype.

Methods
A total of 212 unrelated Caucasian individuals, 133 patients with asthma and 79 healthy subjects without symptoms or history of asthma or atopy and with negative skin prick tests were recruited. Lung function was measured by spirometry and asthma was specialist physician-diagnosed according to the ATS (American Thoracic Society) criteria and classified following the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. Skin prick tests were performed according to EAACI recommendations. -33C>TIL4 was studied with TaqMan assay and 576Q>RIL4RA by PCR-RFLP technique. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was analysed in all groups. Dichotomous variables were analysed using χ2, Fisher exact test, Monte Carlo simulation test and odds ratio test. To model the effects of multiple covariates logistic regression was used.

Results
No statistically significant differences between the group of patients with asthma and the controls were found when the allele and genotype distribution of -33C>TIL4 and 576Q>RIL4RA polymorphisms were compared. However, the T allele of the -33C>TIL4 SNP was more frequent in patients with persistent asthma. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex confirmed that carriers of allele T had an increased risk of persistent asthma (OR:2.77, 95%CI:1.18–6.49; p = 0.019). Analysis of combination of polymorphisms showed that patients carrying both the T allele of -33C>TIL4 and the A allele of 576Q>RIL4RA had an increased risk of asthma. This association was particularly observed in persistent asthma [Fisher's p value = 0.0021, Monte Carlo p value (after 104 simulations) = 0.0016, OR:3.39; 95% CI:1.50–7.66].

Conclusion
Our results show a trend of association between the genetic combination of the T allele of -33C>TIL4 and the A allele of 576Q>RIL4RA with asthma. This genetic variant was more frequently observed in patients with persistent asthma. As long as this study was performed in a small population, further studies in other populations are needed to confirm these results.