bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERK 1/2 signaling pathway is involved in nicotine‐mediated neuroprotection in spinal cord neurons
Authors: Toborek Michal , Son Kwang Won , Pudelko Anna , King‐Pospisil Kelley , Wylegala Edward , Malecki Andrzej 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEvidence indicates that agonists of neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), including nicotine, can induce neuroprotective and anti‐apoptotic effects in the CNS. To study these mechanisms, the present study focused on nicotine‐mediated modulation of the extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway in cultured spinal cord neurons. Exposure to nicotine (0.1–10 µM) for as short as 1 min markedly upregulated levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and increased total ERK1/2 activity. Inhibition studies with mecamylamine and α‐bungarotoxin revealed that these effects were mediated by the α7 nicotinic receptor. In addition, pre‐exposure to U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling, prevented nicotine‐mediated anti‐apoptotic effects. To indicate if treatment with nicotine also can activate ERK1/2 in vivo, a moderate spinal cord injury (SCI) was induced in rats using a weight‐drop device and nicotine was injected 2 h post‐trauma. Consistent with in vitro data, nicotine increased levels of pERK1/2 in this animal model of spinal cord trauma. Results of the present study indicate that the ERK1/2 pathway is involved in anti‐apoptotic effects of nicotine in spinal cord neurons and may be involved in therapeutic effects of nicotine in spinal cord trauma. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 279–292, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An effective method for adenoviral‐mediated delivery of small interfering RNA into mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Forte Amalia , Napolitano Marco A. , Cipollaro Marilena , Giordano Antonio , Cascino Antonino , Galderisi Umberto 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promise as a main actor of cell‐based therapeutic strategies, due to their intrinsic ability to differentiate along different mesenchymal cell lineages, able to repair the diseased or injured tissue in which they are localized. The application of MSCs in therapies requires an in depth knowledge of their biology and of the molecular mechanisms leading to MSC multilineage differentiation. The knockdown of target genes through small interfering RNA (siRNA) carried by adenoviruses (Ad) represents a valid tool for the study of the role of specific molecules in cell biology. Unfortunately, MSCs are poorly transfected by conventional Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors. We set up a method to obtain a very efficient transduction of rat MSCs with low doses of unmodified Ad5, carrying the siRNA targeted against the mRNA coding for Rb2/p130 (Ad‐siRNA‐Rb2), which plays a fundamental role in cell differentiation. This method allowed a 95% transduction rate of Ad‐siRNA in MSC, along with a siRNA‐mediated 85% decrease of Rb2/p130 mRNA and a 70% decrease of Rb2/p130 protein 48 h after transduction with 50 multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of Ad5. The effect on Rb2/p130 protein persisted 15 days after transduction. Finally, Ad‐siRNA did not compromise the viability of transduced MSCs neither induced any cell cycle modification. The effective Ad‐siRNA‐Rb2 we constructed, together with the efficient method of delivery in MSCs we set up, will allow an in depth analysis of the role of Rb2/p130 in MSC biology and multilineage differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 293–302, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytokines and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Nervi Bruno , Link Dan C. , DiPersio John F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become the standard of care for the treatment of many hematologic malignancies, chemotherapy sensitive relapsed acute leukemias or lymphomas, multiple myeloma; and for some non‐malignant diseases such as aplastic anemia and immunodeficient states. The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resides in the bone marrow (BM). A number of chemokines and cytokines have been shown in vivo and in clinical trials to enhance trafficking of HSC into the peripheral blood. This process, termed stem cell mobilization, results in the collection of HSC via apheresis for both autologous and allogeneic transplantation. Enhanced understanding of HSC biology, processes involved in HSC microenvironmental interactions and the critical ligands, receptors and cellular proteases involved in HSC homing and mobilization, with an emphasis on G‐CSF induced HSC mobilization, form the basis of this review. We will describe the key features and dynamic processes involved in HSC mobilization and focus on the key ligand‐receptor pairs including CXCR4/SDF1, VLA4/VCAM1, CD62L/PSGL, CD44/HA, and Kit/KL. In addition we will describe food and drug administration (FDA) approved and agents currently in clinical development for enhancing HSC mobilization and transplantation outcomes. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 690–705, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostaglandin F2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a Gαq‐Calcium‐Calcineurin‐Dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Li , Clipstone Neil A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProstaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a potent physiological inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation, however the specific signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its anti‐adipogenic effects are not well understood. In the current study, we now provide evidence that PGF2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a signaling pathway that requires heterotrimeric G‐protein Gαq subunits, the elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and the activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin‐regulated serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. We show that while this pathway acts to inhibit an early step in the adipogenic cascade, it does not interfere with the initial mitotic clonal expansion phase of adipogenesis, nor does it affect either the expression, DNA binding activity or differentiation‐induced phosphorylation of the early transcription factor C/EBPβ. Instead, we find that PGF2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a calcineurin‐dependent mechanism that acts to prevent the expression of the critical pro‐adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of PGF2α on both the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and subsequent adipogenesis can be attenuated by treatment of preadipocytes with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A. Taken together, these results indicate that PGF2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a Gαq‐Ca2+‐calcineurin‐dependent signaling pathway that acts to block expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα by a mechanism that appears to involves an HDAC‐sensitive step. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 161–173, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidating progesterone effects in breast cancer: Cross talk with PDGF signaling pathway in smooth muscle cell
Authors: Soares Raquel , Guerreiro Susana , Botelho Mónica 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeveral studies indicate that progesterone exerts relevant effects in breast tissue. However, the exact role of this steroid in breast cancer development and progression has not been elucidated. Here, we show that platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐A is one of the progesterone target genes on breast cancer MCF7 and T47D cells. A paracrine role for PDGF‐A was investigated, since its receptor expression was down‐regulated from breast cancer cells. Progesterone increased PDGF‐A protein release as evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA. Medium from Progesterone‐treated MCF7 cells resulted in phosphorylation of smooth muscle cells PDGF receptor α. This effect was not observed after treatment with PDGF inhibitor. MCF7 cells‐secreted PDGF‐A was able to increase smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation and decrease apoptosis, effects that were prevented by the use of a PDGF‐A neutralizing antibody. Notably, cell invasion was not influenced by PDGF‐A secreted by MCF7 cells. Our results elucidated for the first time the cross talk between progesterone and PDGF signaling pathway. The fact that MCF7‐secreted PDGF elicited crucial roles in vascular wall smooth muscle cells, suggested a paracrine pathway for progesterone. Targeting these progesterone‐induced processes may provide novel therapeutic strategies for hormone‐dependent human breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 174–183, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanotopographical stimulation of mechanotransduction and changes in interphase centromere positioning
Authors: Dalby Matthew J. , Biggs Manus J.P. , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Kalna Gabriela , Wilkinson Chris D.W. , Curtis Adam S.G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe apply a recently developed method for controlling the spreading of cultured cells using electron beam lithography (EBL) to create polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrata with repeating nanostructures. There are indications that the reduced cell spreading on these substrata, compared with planar PMMA, results from a reduced adhesivity since there are fewer adhesive structures and fewer of their associated stress fibres. The reduced cell spreading also results in a reduced nuclear area and a closer spacing of centrosomes within the nucleus, suggesting that the tension applied to the nucleus is reduced as would be expected from the reduction in stress fibres. In order to obtain further evidence for this, we have used specific inhibitors of components of the cytoskeleton and have found effects comparable with those induced by the new substrata. We have also obtained evidence that these subtrata result in downregulation of gene expression which suggests that this may be due to the changed tension on the nucleus: an intriguing possibility that merits further investigation. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 326–338, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparent diffusion coefficient in malignant lymphoma and carcinoma involving cavernous sinus evaluated by line scan diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Maeda Masayuki , Maier Stephan E. , Sakuma Hajime , Ishida Masaki , Takeda Kan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of malignant lymphomas and carcinomas involving cavernous sinus by line scan diffusion‐weighted imaging (LSDWI) and to determine the usefulness of this method for differentiating between the two tumors.Materials and MethodsFour patients with malignant lymphomas and six patients with carcinomas were prospectively studied. LSDWI images were obtained with two different b values of 5 seconds/mm2 and 1000 seconds/mm2 in the coronal plane. The ADC values of the two types of tumors were calculated and compared.ResultsLSDWI provided diagnostic images with minimum susceptibility artifacts and enabled measurement of the ADC. The ADC value (mean ± SD) was 0.51 ± 0.06 × 10−3 mm2/second in malignant lymphomas and 0.99 ± 0.08 × 10−3 mm2/second in carcinomas. A significant difference in ADC values was found between the two (P < 0.01).ConclusionMalignant lymphomas showed significantly lower ADC value than carcinomas. ADC provides additional useful information about differentiation between these tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tandem mass spectra of ammonium adducts of monosaccharides: differentiation of diastereomers
Authors: Madhusudanan K. P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTandem mass spectra of ammonium adducts of monosaccharides gave characteristic fragmentation patterns involving elimination of NH3/H2O followed by multiple eliminations of H2O and cross ring cleavages. Tandem mass spectra were examined over a range of collision energies (1–20 eV) on a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer. The breakdown behavior of the ammonium adducts revealed patterns that could differentiate diastereomers of monosaccharides. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin promotes diacylglycerol kinase activation by different mechanisms in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes
Authors: Zulian Sandra E. , Ilincheta de Boschero Mónica G. , Giusto Norma M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe mechanism by which insulin increases diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) activity has been studied in cerebral cortex (CC) synaptosomes from adult (3–4 months of age) rats. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of phospholipases C and D (PLC and PLD) in DAGK activation by insulin. Neomycin, an inhibitor of PLC phosphatidylinositol‐bisphosphate (PIP2) specific; ethanol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid (PA) formation by the promotion of a transphosphatidyl reaction of phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D (PC‐PLD); and DL propranolol, an inhibitor of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), were used in this study. Insulin (0.1 μM) shielded an increase in PA synthesis by [32P] incorporation using [γ‐32P]ATP as substrate and endogenous diacylglycerol (DAG) as co‐substrate. This activated synthesis was strongly inhibited either by ethanol or DL propranolol. Pulse chase experiments also showed a PIP2‐PLC activation within 1 min exposure to insulin. When exogenous unsaturated 18:0‐20:4 DAG was present, insulin increased PA synthesis significantly. However, this stimulatory effect was not observed in the presence of exogenous saturated (di‐16:0). In the presence of R59022, a selective DAGK inhibitor, insulin exerted no stimulatory effect on [32P]PA formation, suggesting a strong relationship between increased PA formation by insulin and DAGK activity. These data indicate that the increased synthesis of PA by insulin could be mediated by the activation of both a PC‐PLD pathway to provide DAG and a direct DAGK activation that is associated to the use of 18:0‐20:4 DAG species. PIP2‐PLC activation may contribute at least partly to the insulin effect on DAGK activity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
De Novo synthesis of CREB in a presynaptic neuron is required for synaptic enhancement involved in memory consolidation
Authors: Wagatsuma Akiko , Azami Sachiyo , Sakura Midori , Hatakeyama Dai , Aonuma Hitoshi , Ito Etsuro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractInteraction between the activator type of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB1) and the repressor type (CREB2) results in determining the emergence of long‐lasting synaptic enhancement involved in memory consolidation. However, we still do not know whether the constitutively expressed forms of CREB are enough or the newly synthesized forms are required for the synaptic enhancement. In addition, if the newly synthesized forms are needed, we must determine the time for translation of CREB from its mRNA. We applied the methods of RNA interference and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to CREB in the cerebral giant cells of Lymnaea. The cerebral giant cells play an important role in associative learning and employ a CREB cascade for the synaptic enhancement to neurons such as the B1 motoneurons. We injected the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of CREB1 or CREB2 into the cerebral giant cells and examined the changes in amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) recorded in the B1 motoneurons. The changes in the amounts of CREB1 and CREB2 mRNAs were also examined in the cerebral giant cells. The EPSP amplitude was suppressed 15 min after injection of CREB1 siRNA, whereas that was augmented 60 min after injection of CREB2 siRNA. In the latter case, the decrease in the amount of CREB2 mRNA was confirmed by real‐time PCR. Our results showed that the de novo synthesized forms of CREB are required within tens of minutes for the synaptic enhancement in memory consolidation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of the health care potential of bioactive compounds
Authors: Hooper Lee , Cassidy Aedin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe projected incidence of chronic disease and the importance of diet in potentially reducing this risk require urgent attention. Current health care systems will be unable to cope with the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer, particularly with the ageing population and global increased incidence of obesity. There is growing interest in bioactive compounds present in plants and their potential importance in reducing risk of chronic disease, and these data will be reviewed with particular focus on flavonoids, sterols, salicylates and glucosinolates Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of addition of yeast autolysate on the formation of amines in wine
Authors: Marco Ana González , Moreno Nerea Jiménez , Azpilicueta Carmen Ancín 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAmines, substances which can be toxic or have a negative effect on wine aroma, are formed during alcoholic and malolactic fermentations depending on various factors. In this work the influence of the addition of yeast autolysate to must on the concentration of amines in wine is studied. For this purpose Chardonnay must supplemented with the yeast autolysate was used; a second sample was also used without it (control sample). This autolysate provided amino acids and long‐chain fatty acids (C16 and C18). The enrichment of must by these nutrients did not produce an increase of amines during alcoholic fermentation despite the fact that consumption of amino nitrogen in general, and of some precursor amino acids in particular, was somewhat higher in the supplemented sample. After malolactic fermentation it was observed that the concentration of biogenic amines was higher in the wine from the supplemented must. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing: Structure characterization and analytical assays
Authors: Thevis Mario , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOwing to the sensitive, selective, and unambiguous nature of mass spectrometric analyses, chromatographic techniques interfaced to various kinds of mass spectrometers have become the most frequently employed strategy in the fight against doping. To obtain utmost confidence in analytical assays, mass spectrometric characterization of target analytes and typical dissociation pathways have been utilized as basis for the development of reliable and robust screening as well as confirmation procedures. Methods for qualitative and/or quantitative determinations of prohibited low and high molecular weight drugs have been established in doping control laboratories preferably employing gas or liquid chromatography combined with electron, chemical, or atmospheric pressure ionization followed by analyses using quadrupole, ion trap, linear ion trap, or hyphenated techniques. The versatility of modern mass spectrometers enable specific as well as comprehensive measurements allowing sports drug testing laboratories to determine the misuse of therapeutics such as anabolic‐androgenic steroids, stimulants, masking agents or so‐called designer drugs in athletes' blood or urine specimens, and a selection of recent developments is summarized in this review. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 26:79–107, 2007
New developments in the chemistry and biology of the bioactive constituents of tanshen
Authors: Wang Xihong , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTanshen, the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) for multiple therapeutic remedies. The major constituents of Tanshen include water‐soluble phenolic acids and lipophilic tanshinones. Phenolic acids possess antioxidant and anticoagulant activities, whereas tanshinones show antibacterial, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities. This review will focus on recent developments concerning the chemical constituents of Tanshen and their biological activities. These chemical and biological studies continue to increase our understanding about a scientific basis for the traditional clinical use of Tanshen and can also contribute to the development of new drug candidates. Recently, in the author's laboratory, a new compound, neo‐tanshinlactone, was discovered to have potent selective antibreast cancer activity. This compound might serve as a lead for developing promising antibreast cancer clinical trials candidates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 1, 133–148, 2007
Can anti‐migratory drugs be screened in vitro? A review of 2D and 3D assays for the quantitative analysis of cell migration
Authors: Decaestecker Christine , Debeir Olivier , Van Ham Philippe , Kiss Robert 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present review is to detail and analyze the pros and cons of in vitro tests available to quantify the anti‐migratory effects of anti‐cancer drugs for their eventual use in combating the dispersal of tumor cells, a clinical need which currently remains unsatisfied. We therefore briefly sum up why anti‐migratory drugs constitute a promising approach in oncology while at the same time emphasizing that migrating cancer cells are resistant to apoptosis. To analyze the pros and cons of the various in vitro tests under review we also briefly sum up the molecular and cellular stages of cancer cell migration, an approach that enables us to argue both that no single in vitro test is sufficient to characterize the anti‐migratory potential of a drug and that standardization is needed for the efficient quantitative analysis of cell locomotion in a 3D environment. Before concluding our review we devote the final two parts (i) to the description of new prototypes which, in the near future, could enter the screening process with a view to identifying novel anti‐migratory compounds, and (ii) to the anti‐migratory compounds currently developed against cancer, with particular emphasis on how these compounds were selected before entering the clinical trial phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What do people with type 1 diabetes find helpful in health professionals? Results from a focus group study
Authors: Richards G , Morris M , Booker S , Johnson A 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLiving with type 1 diabetes continues to pose a great challenge for the individual. Health professionals continue to develop interventions aiming to improve self‐management.Focus groups were conducted to explore the experience of living with type 1 diabetes. Participants were asked to describe what they had found helpful. Interactions with health professionals were described as important and very clear ideas regarding supportive and helpful attitudes were described. Participants described their desire to be seen as an individual and not as ‘another diabetic’. They were resentful of judgemental attitudes from health professionals. They wished to be acknowledged as an expert in the management of their diabetes and the ideal health professional was seen as open and listening. Systems such as clinics where there was a lack of continuity or inconsistent advice were deemed to be unhelpful.There remains a need to continue to improve the relationship between the person with type 1 diabetes and the health professional in all areas where this takes place — outpatient clinics, general practice surgeries and hospital wards. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.