bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Being Emotional about the Past: On the Nature and Role of Past‐Directed Emotions*
Authors: Debus Dorothea 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe sometimes experience emotions which are directed at past events (or situations) which we witnessed at the time when they occurred (or obtained). The present paper explores the role which such “autobiographically past‐directed emotions” (or “APD‐emotions”) play in a subject's mental life. A defender of the “Memory‐Claim” holds that an APD‐emotion is amemory, namely a memory of the emotion which the subject experienced at the time when the event originally occurred (or the situation obtained) towards which the APD‐emotion is directed. On this view, APD‐emotions might play an important role in our acquiring knowledge about our own past emotions, which renders the view rather attractive. However, as I show in the present paper, none of the various possible versions of the Memory‐Claim are tenable. This leaves us with the “Universal‐New‐Emotion‐Claim”, according to which all APD‐emotions are new emotional responses to the past events (or situations) towards which the relevant APD‐emotions are directed. Further consideration of the “Universal‐New‐Emotion‐Claim” shows that while APD‐emotions do not play the epistemological role they could have played had some version of the Memory‐Claim turned out to be true, a subject's APD‐emotions nevertheless do play a vital role in a subject's mental life: they help the subject to develop a balanced sense of self.
Dallapiccola's Early Synthesis: No. 1, ‘Vespro, Tutto Riporti’, from Cinque Frammenti di Saffo
Authors: Earle Ben 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTRecent Italian commentary on the twelve‐note music of Luigi Dallapiccola (1904–75) has tended to reject the characteristic image of this composer's work that was established during his lifetime. Notions of a ‘typically Italian lyricism’ or a ‘Mediterranean serialism’ have been jettisoned in favour of an emphasis on the neo‐Webernian ‘rigour’ of his technique. Such revisionism is misguided. Not only does this new approach exhibit a narrow formalism, but it also downplays the very elements that have granted Dallapiccola's twelve‐note music its special position on the periphery of the twentieth‐century repertory. By means of detailed analysis of Dallapiccola's first fully dodecaphonic work, the first of the Cinque frammenti di Saffo (1942), this article mounts a defence of the old critical line. Rather than merely highlighting instances of serial ‘rigour’, the aim is to provide an appreciation of the richness and complexity of the synthesis of stylistic, technical and expressive elements in Dallapiccola's music of this period.
‘AsylumGained’? AspectsofMeaninginThomasAdès'sAsyla
Authors: Venn Edward 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTCritical commentary on Thomas Adès's orchestral pieceAsyla(1997) has so far chosen to concentrate on the implications of the work's ambivalent title. The present article seeks to explore the nature of this reception history in greater depth, in particular the way thatAsylahas been represented through the medium of television. Employing strategies outlined in Nicholas Cook's work on musical multimedia, this form of visual mediation is combined with the music ofAsylain order to fashion a coherent hermeneutic paradigm. Concerned to question the purpose of any univocal interpretation, however, a formalist reading of the work's finale then proceeds to invert the relationship between primary and secondary analytical perspectives, an approach which reveals the value of an expanded semantic field.
Co‐operatingContinuities in theMusic ofThomasAdès
Authors: Roeder John 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTJonathan Kramer defined postmodern music as an ironic, fragmentary mix of past and present compositional procedures embodying multiple temporal dimensions. Recent theorising grounded in phenomenological and cognitive‐scientific accounts of musical experience suggests that it may be possible to develop a more insightful interpretative perspective by extending Kramer's notions of ‘direction’, ‘linearity’, ‘narrative’ and ‘motion’ to more fundamental concepts of continuity, beginning and ending. With respect to the search for a coherent analytical method, the music of the acclaimed young British composer Thomas Adès merits special attention, in part due to the consistency with which his work employs elemental continuities, but also on account of the variety of temporalities that he composes from them. The present survey aims to explore the means by which these continuities are made apparent, at the same time showing how they are obliged to co‐operate in order to articulate and direct time in characteristically postmodern ways. Excerpts are examined from a range of pieces, includingTraced Overhead,ArcadianaandAsyla. These analyses illustrate the paradoxical nature of postmodern musical time, in which linearity can be understood to emerge from locally various periodicities and trends.
Starting in the Middle: Auxiliary Cadences in the Beatles’ Songs
Authors: Wagner Naphtali 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTEstablishment of the opening tonic is one of the structural foundations of orthodox tonal practice regardless of period or genre. While this principle was almost always honoured, historically speaking, throughout the eighteenth century, nineteenth‐century composers sometimes chose to deviate from it, as did the Beatles in the rather different context of twentieth‐century popular song. The present discussion of non‐tonic beginnings in the music of the Beatles is based primarily on the Schenkerian concept of the auxiliary cadence. In the first instance, it explores the nature of such cadences located either at the opening of a song, or at the beginning of one of its inner subdivisions. In addition to illuminating the functional significance of the absent tonic, the commentary also proceeds to evaluate its purpose as a rhetorical device intended to amplify the meaning of the sung text. During the course of the narrative, a number of important distinctions are drawn between auxiliary progressions and regressions, open and closed auxiliary units, and short‐range and long‐range auxiliary progressions. Among the various songs examined in some detail are: ‘She Loves You’, ‘All My Loving’, ‘If I Fell’, ‘I’ll Follow the Sun’, ‘Help!’, ‘Strawberry Fields’, ‘I Am the Walrus’, ‘Hello Goodbye’ and ‘Happiness Is a Warm Gun’.
Subjectivity and theConstruction ofEmotion in theMusic ofBjörk
Authors: Dibben Nicola 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTA commonly held reception theory for popular song is that it constitutes an expression of emotional experience belonging either to the performer(s), to the listener, or to a virtual third person. Drawing on the belief that music is capable of affording subject positions on behalf of its listeners, the present article argues that organised sound is not only capable of representing or embodying a pre‐existent affective experience, but that it contributes uniquely to the idea of what emotion is and of how it is perceived. In this respect music can be understood as participating in the cultural construction of feeling that has helped to shape the identity of the modern Western subject. Two tracks by Björk are presented as case study illustrations of this thesis: ‘Unison’ (Vespertine2001) and the music video ‘Jóga’ (Volumen1999). Thus Björk's music, along with the discursive media surrounding it, is shown to rely upon a distinctive expressive vocabulary aimed at communicating a particular kind of embodied subjectivity.
Species characteristics associated with extinction vulnerability and nestedness rankings of birds in tropical forest fragments
Authors: Feeley K. J. , Gillespie T. W. , Lebbin D. J. , Walter H. S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFollowing habitat fragmentation, species are predicted to go locally extinct from remnant patches in a predictable order due to differential extinction vulnerabilities. This selective species loss will result in nested distributions of species such that species found in depauperate patches will also tend to be found in larger, more speciose patches. Therefore, it should be possible to determine the relationship between species‐specific characteristics and extinction vulnerability by comparing the order in which species are nested [i.e. nestedness ranking (NR)] with various natural history characteristics available from the literature and/or collected in the field. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the NRs of 41 resident forest‐interior bird species inhabiting recently isolated landbridge islands in Lago Guri, Venezuela, with a large number of natural history characteristics collected from the literature (regional abundance, body length, habitat specificity, trophic guild, sensitivity to disturbance, range size) and from the field (local population density). In a comparison of the best regression models generated using just variables available through the literature (i.e. no local population density) with the best model generated using all possible variables, we found that the inclusion of field‐based data significantly improved the amount of variation explained. The best overall model (r2=0.40, P<0.001) included body size, habitat specificity, zoogeographic distribution (a measure of range size) and local population density as predictors of NR. Understanding the factors that influence extinction vulnerability has important implications for conservation and could be used to help direct management efforts.
Prevalence of undiagnosed autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results of a two‐steps strategy using a self‐administered questionnaire and autoantibody testing
Authors: Spinillo A , Beneventi F , Epis OM , Montanari L , Mammoliti D , Ramoni V , Di Silverio E , Alpini C , Caporali R , Montecucco C 
Published: October 2007

Objective  To evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed rheumatic diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy.Design  We screened for rheumatic diseases in 1210 consecutive pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy using a 10‐item questionnaire.Setting  A university hospital in northern Italy.Population  One hundred and thirty‐seven (11.3%) women who answered positively to at least one question constituted the cases and were compared with 107 negative controls.Methods  Cases and controls were tested for rheumatic autoantibodies (antinuclear antibody, anti‐double‐stranded DNA, anti‐extractable nuclear antigen, anticardiolipin antibody, anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies and lupus anticoagulant) and were evaluated by a rheumatologist for a definite diagnosis of rheumatic disease.Main outcome measures  Prevalence of undiagnosed rheumatic disease in the first trimester of pregnancy.Results  The overall rate of positivity to the antibodies tested was 43.1% (59/137) among cases and 9.3% (10/107) in the controls (P < 0.001). A definitive diagnosis of rheumatic disease was made in 35 cases (25.5%) and in none of the controls (P <0.001). In stepwise logistic regression analysis, photosensitivity (adjusted OR 5.72; 95% CI 2.38–13.8), erythema or malar rash (adjusted OR 3.91; 95% CI 1.53–10) and history of two or more miscarriages (adjusted OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.55–20.6) were independent predictors of a definitive diagnosis of rheumatic disease (area under receiving operator curve = 0.814; 95% CI 0.76–0.86). Birthweight was lower (3180 g ± 475 compared with 3340 g ± 452, P= 0.008), and overall serious pregnancy complications (miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, delivery before 34 weeks of pregnancy and severe pre‐eclampsia) were higher among cases (12/137) than controls (2/107) (adjusted OR 5.60; 95% CI 1.29–24.3; P= 0.021).Conclusions  A two‐step screening process with a self‐administered questionnaire proved to be a useful method to screen for undiagnosed rheumatic diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Weight gain restriction for obese pregnant women: a case–control intervention study
Authors: Claesson I‐M , Sydsjö G , Brynhildsen J , Cedergren M , Jeppsson A , Nyström F , Sydsjö A , Josefsson A 
Published: October 2007

Objective  To minimise obese women’s total weight gain during pregnancy to less than 7 kg and to investigate the delivery and neonatal outcome.Design  A prospective case–control intervention study.Setting  Antenatal care clinics in the southeast region of Sweden.Population  One hundred fifty‐five pregnant women in an index group and one hundred ninety‐three women in a control group.Methods  An intervention programme with weekly motivational talks and aqua aerobic classes for obese pregnant women.Main outcome measures  Weight gain in kilograms, delivery and neonatal outcome.Results  The index group had a significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The women in the index group weighed less at the postnatal check‐up compared with the weight registered in early pregnancy (P < 0.001). The percentage of women in the index group who gained less than 7 kg was greater than that of women in the control group who gained less than 7 kg (P= 0.003). The percentage of nulliparous women in this group was greater than that in the control group (P= 0.018). In addition, the women in the index group had a significantly lower body mass index at the postnatal check‐up, compared with the control group (P < 0.001). There were no differences between the index group and the control group regarding birthweight, gestational age and mode of delivery.Conclusion  The intervention programme was effective in controlling weight gain during pregnancy and did not affect delivery or neonatal outcome.
Comparison of the long‐term effects of simple total abdominal hysterectomy with transcervical endometrial resection on urinary incontinence
Authors: Allahdin S , Harrild K , Warraich QA , Bain C 
Published: October 2007

Objective  To test the hypothesis that the hospital referral rate for urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms, within 10 years of a simple total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) for dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), would differ to that after a transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE).Design  Retrospective case note review.Setting  Teaching hospital in north east Scotland.Population  All women who had a TAH (316) or a TCRE (229) for DUB, during the period from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 1994, who had never been referred for symptoms of UI prior to their operation.Methods  Independent t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and Chi‐squared tests were used to compare the two study groups in terms of demographic details and outcome measures. Newcombe’s method for the comparison of two unpaired proportions was used to calculate 95% CIs for the differences in outcome measures between the two operations. Logistic regression was conducted to investigate associations with hospital referral for UI.Main outcome measures  Hospital referral for UI at 10 years follow up.Results  There were significantly more hospital referrals for UI in the TAH group compared with the TCRE group (46 [15%] versus 16 [7%]; OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.25–4.12). More women were referred for urological investigations after a TAH than after a TCRE (39 [12%] versus 13 [6%], 95% CI for the difference in proportions 2–11%). A higher, but statistically nonsignificant, proportion of women had objectively demonstrated UI after a TAH than after a TCRE (25 [8%] versus 10 [4%], 95% CI for the difference in proportions −1 to 8%). There were a greater number of hospital referrals for treatment of UI in the TAH group (36, 11%) than in the TCRE group (12, 5%), 95% CI for the difference in proportions (1–11%). After adjusting for age, weight, smoking status and mode of delivery, the increased rate of hospital referral for UI after TAH remained, with an odds ratio of 2.31, 95% CI 1.24–4.30.Conclusions  TAH is associated with a significantly increased incidence of hospital referral for UI, urological investigations and treatment for UI at 10 years of follow up compared with TCRE.
The effects of local perfusion of DAMGO on extracellular GABA and glutamate concentrations in the rostral ventromedial medulla
Authors: Schepers Raf Jan‐Filip , Mahoney Janet Lynn , Zapata Agustin , Chefer Vladimir , Shippenberg Toni Shaun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractElectrophysiological data suggest an involvement of rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) GABA and glutamate (GLU) neurons in morphine analgesia. Direct evidence that extracellular concentrations of GABA or GLU are altered in response to mu opioid receptor (MOP‐R) activation is, however, lacking. We usedin vivomicrodialysis to investigate this issue. Basal GABA overflow increased in response to intra‐RVM perfusion of KCl (60 mmol/L). Reverse microdialysis of the MOP‐R agonistd‐Ala(2),NMePhe(4),Gly‐ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO) (20–500 μmol/L) produced a concentration‐dependent decrease of RVM GABA overflow. Behavioral testing revealed that concentrations that decreased GABA levels increased thermal withdrawal thresholds. A lower agonist concentration that did not increase GABA failed to alter thermal thresholds. DAMGO did not alter GLU concentrations. However, KCl also failed to modify GLU release. Since rapid, transporter‐mediated uptake may mask the detection of changes in GLU release, the selective excitatory amino acid transporter inhibitor pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid (tPDC, 0.6 mmol/L) was added to the perfusion medium for subsequent studies. tPDC increased GLU concentrations, confirming transport inhibition. KCl increased GLU dialysate levels in the presence of tPDC, demonstrating that transport inhibition permits detection of depolarization‐evoked GLU overflow. In the presence of tPDC, DAMGO increased GLU overflow in a concentration‐dependent manner. These data demonstrate that MOP‐R activation decreases GABA and increases GLU release in the RVM. We hypothesize that the opposing effects of MOP‐R on GLU and GABA transmission contribute to opiate antinociception.
Ten di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellite loci in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, for studies of regional population connectivity
Authors: TRINGALI MICHAEL D. , SEYOUM SEIFU , SCHMITT SAMANTHA L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe describe 10 microsatellite loci for Panulirus argus (Caribbean spiny lobster). The number of alleles at each locus ranged from four to 39 (mean = 21.8) in 89 juvenile specimens collected at two different times at a recruitment site in south Florida. Levels of expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.48 to 0.96 (mean = 0.83) and from 0.32 to 0.98 (mean = 0.71), respectively. Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed at two loci. There was no evidence of genotypic disequilibrium for any pair of loci. Overall, the loci were well resolved, highly polymorphic and independently segregating, confirming their utility for population genetic studies.
Characterization of microsatellite markers for Thoropa taophora (Anura, Cycloramphidae), a frog endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest
Authors: DURYEA M. C. , ZAMUDIO K. R. , BRASILEIRO C. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHere we characterize nine microsatellite loci for Thoropa taophora collected from a coastal and an island population in southeastern Brazil. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 11 for the coastal population and from two to eight for the island population. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.308 to 0.778 for the coastal population and from zero to 0.737 for the island population. One locus did not conform to Hardy–Weinberg expectations on the coast, while two were in disequilibrium on the island. These markers are currently being used to examine genetic differentiation and patterns of dispersal in T. taophora.
Perceived Freedom and its Sociological Effects: An Inquiry into the Relationship Between Liberalism and Inequality
Authors: Naito Jun 
Published: October 2007

Abstract: Individual freedom has been regarded as one of the most important criteria for a desirable society and life. Recently, the theories of liberalism and distributive justice have received increasing attention as a theoretical basis for tackling problems pertaining to socioeconomic inequality and poverty. However, few quantitative analyses focus on the meaning of freedom in the context of socioeconomic inequality and political order in an existing liberal‐democratic society. In this paper, I construct a self‐rated measure of freedom—the overall perceived freedom scale—and examine (1) whether socioeconomic inequality is related to inequality of freedom, (2) whether freedom is related to subjective well‐being, and (3) whether freedom affects people's political attitude toward inequalities. Analyses using data from a 2005 Japanese national survey (N = 1320) reveal the following results: (1) people with higher personal income (not household income), higher education, and better health tend to perceive greater freedom, (2) people with higher perceived freedom are more likely to be satisfied with their life, and (3) individuals with higher perceived freedom are more likely to oppose the government's egalitarian policy, and their opposition is based on the liberal principle of freedom and self‐responsibility. On the basis of these findings, the double‐edged possibility of individual freedom and liberalism as an “enhancer” and “moderator” of socioeconomic inequalities and political conflicts is suggested.