bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported academic literacy, professional literacy and professional knowledge in Swedish higher education and profession in dentistry and nursing
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Tomasson Jakob , Rataghi Armin , Christidis Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Professional education of dentists and nurses include literacies – academic and professional literacy– and professional knowledge. These have a reciprocal relationship and contribute to the development from students to professionals. However, this is an area in need of further exploration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dentists’ and nurses’ experience of academic and professional literacy, and professional knowledge at the time of their graduation, and five years into their profession.
Methods: The material consisted of a questionnaire distributed twice to dentists and nurses. The first time was immediately after graduation (degree-evaluation) and the second time five years after graduation (alumni-evaluation). Approximately 30% of the dentists and the nurses responded both times. Data was analyzed with non-parametrical methods.
Results: At the time of graduation, the newly graduated dentists scored high in all aspects of academic and professional literacy, as well as professional knowledge. This was also found five years into the profession, although the dentists expressed concerns for communication in English, for work in relation to equitable treatment, and for equal. When it comes to nurses, they followed a similar pattern as for the dentists, but already in the time for graduation the newly graduated nurses expressed concerns for communication in English, and for promoting sustainable development within their profession. This was also the case five years into their profession, for English and sustainable development, in addition to work in relation to equitable treatment, and to equal rights.
Conclusions: The level of confidence and perception of a sufficient degree of knowledge regarding academic literacy, professional literacy, and professional knowledge is higher at the time for graduation in both disciplines compared to five years into the profession where there is a decrease in areas concerning work in relation to equitability, and equality, and for dentists also communication in English. Furthermore, for nurses there was a constant low rating of confidence in both evaluations, concerning sustainable development and communication in English. This indicates that continuous opportunities for practice, and professional experience is a key factor for the level of confidence and perception of knowledge.
The Potential of Ornamental Fish Culture in Biofloc Technology with Different C/N Ratio and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model: An Example of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Minaz Mert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Biofloc technology (BFT) has become an agenda not only to meet the need for protein food but also for ornamental aquaculture with the increasing interest in sustainable aquaculture. In this context, the current study focused on BFT for ornamental goldfish (Carassius auratus), which has commercial value. In the study conducted with control and two different C/N ratios (15:1 and 20:1), nitrogen cycle occurred rapidly in BFT groups. On the other hand, increasing the C/N ratio had a positive effect on total suspended solids and total bacteria count in the culture water. In terms of growth performance, specific growth rate and weight gain were observed to be significantly higher at high C/N ratio. Feed conversion ratio showed lower results for the C/N 20 group. According to the liver histological results, the vacuolization symptom is more severe in BFT groups. Considering all the results, the suitability of C. auratuscultivation in the BFT system with a C/N ratio of 20 was proven according to nine different evaluation criteria. In conclusion, the cultivation of C. auratus in BFT systems is recommended both economically and ecologically.
Investigation into the Performance of Tremella-like LaNiO3-NiO Composite as an Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Wangran , Xu Hui , Pei Yaru , Hu Lin , Yang Zhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Guided by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions is of paramount importance. A unique; tremella-like LaNiO3-NiO composite has been fabricated through a simple and robust procedure. This material stands out as an effective catalyst in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), showcasing its potential to enhance the efficiency of electrochemical energy transformations. This composite exhibits a remarkably low overpotential of only 383 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, coupled with a Tafel slope of 76.66 mV dec-1. Furthermore, it boasts the capability to sustain continuous operation for more than 30 h at a current density of 20 mA cm-2. The unique morphology of the catalyst expands the electrochemically active surface area, providing more available active sites to improve catalytic performance. This discovery presents a promising opportunity for the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for OER.
Evaluating the causal effects between Grave’s disease and diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Fu Liuxiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease associated with an increased incidence of other autoimmune diseases. To investigate the causality between GD and Diabetes mellitus (DM), we designed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) studies.
Methods
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GD, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS and FinnGen biobank databases. For the forward MR study, we used GD (sample size = 458,620) as the exposure and T1D (sample size = 520,580) and T2D (sample size = 211,766) as the outcomes. Next, T1D and T2D were used as exposure variables, and GD was used as the outcome variable for the reverse MR analysis. Finally, MVMR analysis was conducted to investigate the probable relationship between DM and indicators for thyroid function like TPO, Tg, and TSH. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method. Finally, the heterogeneity and sensitivity were assessed.
Results
There were 27, 88, and 55 SNPs associated with GD, T1D, and T2D, respectively. A significant causal connection between GD and T1D (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.411 [1.077–1.848], P = 0.012) and T2D (OR [95% CI] = 1.059 [1.025–1.095], P = 5.53e-04) was found in the forward MR analysis. However, reverse MR suggested that there was a genetic susceptibility to T1D that increased the likelihood of developing GD (OR [95% CI] = 1.059 [1.025–1.095], P = 5.53e-04), while T2D did not (OR [95% CI] = 0.963 [0.870–1.066], P = 0.468). Furthermore, there was inadequate evidence to suggest that abnormal TSH, TPO, and Tg levels increase the risk of incident T1D or T2D in individuals with GD. MVMR revealed no causal relationship among Tg, TSH, TPO, T1D, or T2D.
Conclusion
Evidence of a bidirectional causative relationship between GD and T1D and a unidirectional causal relationship between GD and T2D was discovered using MR analyses. MVMR analysis showed no statistically relevant causality between TSH, TPO, or Tg and either T1D or T2D.
Effects of executive function deficits on Chinese reading ability in ADHD patients
Authors: Wei Jia , zhang Wenwu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective:To explore the factors affecting the Chinese reading abilities of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to provide a basis for the intervention of comorbid Chinese reading disorders in ADHD.
Methods:Following the ICD-10 standards, 160 ADHD patients were included in the study, divided into an ADHD group (80 cases) and an ADHD+RD (Reading Disorder) group (80 cases). All participants completed neuropsychological tests such as verbal working memory tasks, visual spatial working memory tasks, and response inhibition tasks. Parents completed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV questionnaire (SNAP-IV) and the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children (DCCC).
Results: Patients with ADHD + RD demonstrated more significant deficits in executive functions such as working memory and response inhibition. Controlling for the influences of fixed ADHD symptoms, defects in visual spatial working memory and response inhibition had a significant predictive effect on the reading abilities of children with ADHD.
Conclusion: The reading process demands a high level of cognitive executive function, especially in tasks involving linguistic and textual processing, where modulation of working memory, response inhibition, and flexibility are needed. For patients with ADHD comorbid with Chinese reading disorders, besides managing core ADHD symptoms, it may be worth considering a focus on strengthening training in working memory.
Who drives the progress of osteoarthritis? -The crosstalk between synoviumand meniscus plays an important role
Authors: Yu Fei , Qi Tiantian , Weng Jian , Wang Tianbing , Liu Peng , Chen Yingqi , Xiong Ao , Wang Deli , Zeng Hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases with each passing year. The degeneration of the meniscus and synovium is considered the initial factor of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but their synergistic mechanism has not been clarified.
Methods
In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed to establish 16 normal or degenerated meniscus samples and 6 synovium samples based on the meniscus and synovium tissues of 16 patients. A cell atlas comprising 124,026 single cells in total was established (including 8 patients from the public database The Genome Sequence Archive for Human [GSA-Human] PRJCA008120). Based on that, the meniscus/synovium microenvironment homeostasis and the crosstalk between both during their degeneration were explored.
Results
In this study, the cell types in the meniscus and synovium were analyzed. Besides, new fibroblast subtypes related to the degeneration of the meniscus and synovium were identified. Additionally, the interaction between meniscus and synovium and different cell subtypes was analyzed. Moreover, the mechanism involving vascular growth, immune cell infiltration, and common or different genes during the degeneration of synovium and meniscus tissues was investigated.
Conclusions
This study may provide the atlas of synovium and meniscus with the largest number of cells in osteoarthritis (OA) to date, reflecting the comprehensive cellchat of synovium and meniscus during degeneration. These findings suggested that the synovium was involved in the crosstalk of intra-articular tissues (synovium/meniscus), thus participating in the degeneration in OA.
Eighteen-year survival after GD2-directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified Immune Effector Cell Treatment for Neuroblastoma
Authors: Heslop Helen , Li Che-Hsing , Sharma Sandhya , Heczey Andras , Steffin David , Louis Chrystal , Grilley Bambi , Thakkar Sachin , Wu Meng-Fen , wang tao , Rooney Cliona , Brenner Malcolm 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We report long-term outcomes up to 18 years of a clinical trial treating children with neuroblastoma with EBV-specific T lymphocytes and CD3-activated T cells – each expressing a first-generation chimeric antigen receptor targeting GD2 with barcoded transgenes to allow tracking of each population. Of 11 patients with active disease at infusion, three patients achieved a complete response that was sustained in 2, one for 8 years until lost to follow up and one for 18+ years. Of eight patients with a history of relapse or at high risk of recurrence, five are disease-free at their last follow-up between 10-14 years post-infusion. Intermittent low levels of transgene were detected during the follow up period with significantly greater persistence in those who were long-term survivors. In conclusion, patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma achieved long-term disease control after receiving GD2 CAR-T cell therapy including one patient now in remission of relapsed disease for >18 years.
Marine Pollution and Socioeconomic Vulnerability in Brazilian Coastal Cities
Authors: Pinto Luisa Janaina Lopes Barroso , Silva Felipe Roberto da , Lessa Bruno de Souza , Câmara Samuel Façanha , de Sousa-Filho José Milton 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The article aims to analyze the socioeconomic vulnerability of Brazilian coastal municipalities as a result of coastal polluting agents.This quantitative research has an exploratory nature, as it was dedicated to the development of socioeconomic indicators to assess vulnerability to the adverse effects of issues related to coastal and marine pollution in Brazilian coastal municipalities. To this end, secondary data compiled from several organizations with publicly available information were used and, with the support of a legal framework, the analysis platform was structured.The effects of polluting elements in the Brazilian coastal region are driven by local social and environmental determinants that have significant impacts on economic variables. When analyzing the effects of exposure to coastal and marine polluting agents (Vulnerability, Production Value and Active Links), the 59 Brazilian cities examined were impacted in their social structure, especially those that face recurring health problems, such as environmentally adequate disposal of waste, access to sewage services and per capita production of polluting waste. These issues elevated the North and Northeast regions to high levels within the parameters described. The study at the theoretical level proposed to present an indicator for imminent vulnerabilities in coastal areas, mainly the risks related to solid waste produced in these environments, revealing probable threats linked to environmental and marine pollution, in addition to assisting in the implementation of actions at governance levels public initiative to co-create resilience strategies for coastal communities, acting as an important instrument for their continuity.
Research on the spatial distribution and Geographical Environmental of Grotto Temples in Southern Shaanxi of China by ArcGIS
Authors: Zhang Jing , Han Xinghui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Grottoes Temple is a kind of immovable material cultural heritage, Inclding architecture, sculptures and murals, which not only contains rich history and culture, but also expresses the spiritual civilization of mankind and the route of Buddhist transmission, and the distribution of grottoes also has many relations with the geographical environment. At present, 178 grottoes temples are distributed in southern Shaanxi. This paper analyzes the excavation environment of southern Shaanxi Grottoes by using 1:200,000 geological data sets and 30m resolution DEM(digital elevation model) topographic data. Secondly, the nuclear density analysis and standard deviation ellipse method are used to analyze the gathering degree of cave temple cultural sites and the distribution direction and pattern of cave temples in the study area, and discuss the distribution characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution model of the grottoes in southern Shaanxi. The final results include the following contents: (1) The distribution of grotto temples in southern Shaanxi is related to topography and geomorphology, mainly built on cliffs, the elevation is mainly below 1000m. As the elevation increases, the number of grottoes decreases. (2) The grotto temples of southern Shaanxi are mainly located near the river. The distribution pattern of grottoes is consistent with the direction of river gully. (3)The grottoes in southern Shaanxi are distributed unbalanced, due to geographical reasons, mainly distributed in Shangluo and Ankang areas.
Developing demo-genetic models to simulate genetic rescue
Authors: Beaman Julian E. , Gates Katie , Saltré Frédérik , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine , Ashman Kita , Silva Karen Burke da , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Genetic rescue is now a serious management consideration for protecting small and isolated populations from the negative effects of inbreeding and genetic drift on genetic diversity and population viability. However, such populations might be already vulnerable to random fluctuations in growth rates (demographic stochasticity). Therefore, the success of genetic rescue depends not only on the genetic composition of the source and target populations, but also on the emergent outcome of interacting demographic processes and other stochastic events. Developing predictive models that account for feedback between demographic and genetic processes ('demo-genetic feedback') is therefore necessary to guide genetic-rescue interventions that potentially minimise the risk of extinction of threatened populations. We review the available software and explore how they could be used to develop practical simulations that incorporate demo-genetic feedback to plan and implement scenarios of genetic rescue. We then present a summary of a literature search of available genetic data using Australian threatened marsupials as a case study. We conclude with a guided approach for making model-based decisions on implementing genetic rescue.
Spatiotemporal patterns of forest pollinator diversity across the southeastern United States
Authors: Ulyshen Michael , Adams Corey , Adams Jacquelyne , Bland Mickey , Bragg Don , Burdine Chuck , Callaham Mac , Chaney Richard , Chapman Gregg , Clinton Patsy , Dixon Cinnamon , Floyd Jacob , Jordan Phillip , Keyser Tara , Laseter Stephanie , Mallinger Rachel , McDaniel Virginia , Mudder Bryan , Nelson Dana , Odanaka Katherine , Oishi Chris , Reid Shawna , Reynolds Samm , Robertson Kevin , Saenz Dan , Schiff Nathan , Scholtens Brian , Scott Joel , Spetich Marty , Sword Mary , Taylor Melanie , Willis John , Young Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Efforts to understand how pollinating insect diversity is distributed across large geographic areas are rare despite the importance of such work for conserving regional diversity. We sampled bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), and butterflies (Lepidoptera) on nineteen National Forests across the southeastern U.S. and related their diversity to ecoregion, landscape context, canopy openness, and forest composition. Bee richness was negatively correlated with both the amount of conifer forest and the extent of wetlands in the surrounding landscape but was positively correlated with canopy openness. Hover flies and butterflies were less sensitive to landscape context and stand conditions. Pollinator communities differed considerably among ecoregions, with those of the Central Appalachian and Coastal Plain ecoregions being particularly distinct. Bee richness and abundance peaked two months earlier in Central Appalachia than in the Coastal Plain and Southeastern Mixed Forest ecoregions. Our findings suggest that hardwood forests may play a particularly important role in supporting forest-associated bees in the southeastern U.S. and that efforts to create more open forest conditions may benefit this fauna.
Ionization Processes of Negative Corona Discharge Part 1. Review and Experiment
Authors: Zhakin A. I. , Kuzko A. E. 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research is an experimental study of physical processes in the near-electrode zones of negative point electrodes in an electronegative gas (air) under the condition of a high-voltage field.Methods. Video image analysis, current-voltage characteristics measurements, and spectroscopy are used. The current-voltage characteristics of the corona discharge ignition voltage in the environment are measured, the problem of experimental identification of surface charges, the mechanism of negative corona discharge ignition, and the ionic structure of streamers is studied, degradation of electrodes during negative corona discharge, spectrum of corona discharge creation and electromagnetic sound.Results. It is shown that at small radii of curvature of needle electrodes, the development of a negative corona discharge is due to the cold emission of electrons, and on flat and slightly curved negative electrodes, due to the capture of surface electrons by electron-withdrawing molecules. The mechanism of ignition of a corona discharge in an electronegative gas with a negative needle, the structure of streamers from negative needles, the emission spectrum and ethonic degradation of electrodes have been studied.Conclusions. The ignition of a negative corona discharge at small radii of the tips of the pointed needles (ro less than tens of microns) is due to the cold emission of electrons followed by impact ionization of neutral molecules. With slightly curved electrodes, the appearance of a negative corona discharge is due to the capture of surface electrons by electronegative gas molecules with subsequent plasma-chemical reactions. The formation of surface electrons depends on many factors: the presence and structure of oxide films (roughness, defects, etc.), which determine the electron work function and form local fields at the tips of microtips. The appearance of a corona discharge leads to degradation of the corona electrodes, expressed in the spraying of the tips of the points and the melting of the needles. In the dark region of the negative corona discharge (U < U*), photons in the in the ultraviolet spectrum (UV spectrum) are emitted, and when U > U*, in addition to UV photons, photons in the visible region of the spectrum are emitted. Glow fluctuations are caused by the chaotic dynamics of the formation of injection centers (melted tubercles - ectons) on the surface of the corona electrode. The ignition of a corona discharge is accompanied by sound emission with a frequency of about 300 Hz.
Regularities of Ion-Exchange Extraction of Anions 2(4)-Octylaminopyridines from Aqueous Media
Authors: Ageeva L. S. , Kuvardin N. V. , Shevchenko A. P. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of the study. Based on the results of the study of salts of 2(4)-octylaminopyridines (2(4)-OAP) by physical methods and their distribution in the two-phase system water-chloroform, establish the patterns of ion-exchange extraction of anions using aromatic amines.Methods. Chemical synthesis of 2(4)-OAP and their halides, spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of 2(4)-OAP in the aqueous and organic phase, characterization of 2(4)-OAP and their halides by IR, PMR and ESCA spectroscopy.Results. Synthesized by original methods and identified 2(4)-OAP and their halides. The distribution constants of 2-aminopyridine and 4-OAP salts with a singly charged anion in the water–chloroform two-phase system were determined. It is shown that the obtained constants increase in the following order: F-<Сl-<NO3-<Br-<ClO4-<SCN-<I-. In this case, a linear correlation between the logarithms of the constants and the hydration energy of anions in thisseries as a whole, which is typical for extraction with aliphatic amines and quaternary ammonium bases (FABs), is not observed. The results of the study of 2(4)-OAP halides by physical methods indicate a redistribution of the electron density in the aromatic cation depending on the nature of the anion, which ensures the selectivity of the extraction of “soft” (according to Pearson) 2(4)-OAP anions from aqueous media.Conclusion. The patterns of anion-exchange extraction of 2(4)-OAP, as well as, apparently, other aromatic amines, on the one hand, and aliphatic amines and PAO, on the other hand, coincide only with respect to “hard” anions. The situation changes during the extraction of "soft" anions. Due to the specificity of interionic interaction, aromatic amines are more selective with respect to "soft" anions, including, apparently, some acid complexes of "soft" metal cations, for example, with respect to halide complexes of platinum and other rare metals that are extracted by 2(4)-OAP better than by aliphatic amines and PAO.