bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A newborn active galactic nucleus in a star-forming galaxy
Authors: Arévalo P. , López-Navas E. , Martínez-Aldama M. L. , Lira P. , Bernal S. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Salvato M. , Hernández-García L. , Ricci C. , Merloni A. , Krumpe M. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. We report on the finding of a newborn active galactic nucleus (AGN), based on the observation of current AGN activity in a galaxy previously classified as non-active. We subsequently characterize the AGN’s evolution.
Methods. Black hole ignition event candidates were selected from a parent sample of spectrally classified non-active galaxies (2 394 312 objects), which currently show optical flux variability indicative of a type I AGN, according to the ALeRCE light curve classifier. A second epoch spectrum for a sample of candidate newborn AGNs was obtained with the SOAR telescope to search for new AGN features.
Results. We present the spectral results for the most convincing case of new AGN activity for a galaxy with a prior star-forming optical classification, where the second epoch spectrum shows the appearance of prominent, broad Balmer lines, without any significant changes seen in the narrow line flux ratios. The long-term optical light curves show a steady increase in luminosity starting 1.5 years after the SDSS spectrum was taken and continuing for at least 7 years. Mid-infrared (MIR) colors from the WISE catalog have also evolved from typical non-active galaxy colors to AGN-like colors. Recent X-ray flux detections confirm its nature as an AGN.
Mieux s’y retrouver grâce à la génétique des robes
Authors: Sabbagh Margot 
Published: March 2024

La génétique des robes peut paraître complexe mais peut être d’une grande aide lors de l’identification d’un poulain « de couleur ». La multitude de robes des équidés est un dérivé de trois robes de bases : l’Alezan, le Noir, le Bai, sur laquelle s’ajoute l’action de gènes de dilution et d’adjonction de blanc. L’eumélanine et la phéomélanine sont les deux pigments donnant la couleur des poils. Leur synthèse est permise grâce à l’action des gènes Agouti (robe unie ou dégradée) et Extension (robe claire ou foncée). La combinaison de ces deux gènes permet d’avoir les trois robes de bases. Sans connaître exactement le génotype d’un cheval, on sait que deux chevaux de robe alezan ne donneront que des poulains alezans et que le croisement entre deux noirs donnera 93,75 % de poulains noirs et 6,25 % de poulains alezans. Une fois la robe de base d’un équidé déterminée, il est possible de raisonner sur les gènes de dilution et d’adjonction de blanc. Leur majorité (Champagne, Dun, Silver, KIT, Overo Frame, Splash, Gris) a un fonctionnement par dominance, un allèle muté suffit pour que la robe de base soit modifiée. Il est souvent impossible de faire la différence à l’œil nu entre un homozygote porteur de la mutation et un hétérozygote. Certains gènes sont particuliers. Le gène KIT, par exemple, module les patrons Tobiano, Roan, Sabino et Dominant White. Par conséquent, un cheval né Tobiano Roan pourra transmettre soit le Roan soit le Tobiano mais pas les 2.
L’énergie éolienne, du point de vue de la physique
Authors: Peinke Joachim , Fuchs André 
Published: March 2024

L’énergie électrique est l’une des formes d’énergie les plus précieuses, car elle peut être transportée de manière optimale et convertie en d’autres formes d’énergie avec de faibles pertes. La plupart des scénarios d’avenir prévoient que la consommation d’énergie électrique continuera à augmenter de manière significative, et que la part des énergies renouvelables, en raison de leur abondance, ira également croissant.
Dans la présente contribution, on se concentre sur l’énergie éolienne, dont on discute le fonctionnement et la contribution à l’approvisionnement énergétique global.
Local defect and mid-gap state analysis of GaN using monochromated EELS combined with nanodiffraction and atomic-resolution imaging
Authors: Yamashita Shunsuke , Fukushima Sei , Kikkawa Jun , Arai Ryoji , Kanitani Yuya , Kimoto Koji , Kudo Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2024

Defects in semiconductor materials significantly impact their inherent properties, making the evaluation of local defects and their energy levels crucial for controlling device performance. With advancements in monochromators, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has emerged as a promising approach for assessing crystal and band structures of semiconductor materials at the nanoscale. However, there is limited experimental research investigating the relationship between actual defective structures in local regions and mid-gap states. In this study, we conducted high-energy resolution EELS (HR-EELS) measurements with an energy resolution of less than 100 meV to detect the mid-gap states of GaN. Various defects were intentionally induced through Ga-ion implantation, and the defect concentration varied in the depth direction. To understand the origin of the mid-gap states, we performed 4D-STEM analysis and atomic-resolution STEM observations. The HR-EELS measurements provided insights into the depth-dependent valence-loss spectra, revealing that the intensities corresponding to mid-gap states gradually increased toward the surface, whereas the slope at the onsets corresponding to interband transition decreased. Furthermore, local structural analysis unveiled the presence of structural disorder and defective structures, indicating the existence of extended defects such as stacking faults and domain boundaries. Observably, these defective structures were abundant near the surface and less pronounced in deeper regions. Based on these experimental findings, we concluded that the variations in valence-loss spectra can be utilized to qualitatively evaluate the crystal imperfections at the nanoscale.
Giant microwave–optical Kerr nonlinearity via Rydberg excitons in cuprous oxide
Authors: Pritchett Jon D. , Gallagher Liam A. P. , Brewin Alistair , Wong Horatio Q. X. , Langbein Wolfgang , Lynch Stephen A. , Adams C. Stuart , Jones Matthew P. A. 
Published: March 2024

Microwave–optical conversion is key to future networks of quantum devices, such as those based on superconducting technology. Conversion at the single quantum level requires strong nonlinearity, high bandwidth, and compatibility with a millikelvin environment. A large nonlinearity is observed in Rydberg atoms, but combining atomic gases with dilution refrigerators is technically challenging. Here, we demonstrate a strong microwave–optical nonlinearity in a cryogenic, solid-state system by exploiting Rydberg states of excitons in Cu2O. We measure a microwave–optical cross-Kerr coefficient of B0 = 0.022 ± 0.008 m V−2 at 4 K, which is several orders of magnitude larger than other solid-state systems. The results are in quantitative agreement with a nonlinear susceptibility model based on the giant microwave dipole moment between nearby excitonic states. Our results highlight the potential of Rydberg excitons for nonlinear optics and form the basis for a microwave–optical frequency converter based on Cu2O.
Making sense of the induced emf in a coil using sensors and visualisation of the voltage–force parametric plot
Authors: Wong Darren , Lee Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigated the emf (V) induced with time (t) in a search coil due to an oscillating bar magnet along the axis of the coil using the IOLab device. Experimental data was simultaneously collected with the force sensor which tracked the oscillation of the magnet and the voltage sensor which gave real-time readings of the induced emf in the coil. For small amplitudes of oscillation, where the predominant interaction involved the top end of the magnet cutting through the plane of the coil, the V–t graph appeared sinusoidal. With increasing amplitudes of oscillation, the V–t graph started to lose its symmetry with an initial kink appearing within one half cycle and which eventually became an increasing hump as the amplitude of oscillation increased further due to the influence from the bottom end of the bar magnet which affected the overall rate of change of magnetic flux linkage through the coil. The data collected from the experiment was visualised using a novel parametric series of plots of induced emf (V) with force (F). We discussed various cases of the V–F parametric plot. Using a suitable Φ–h function and taking into consideration the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage with respect to displacement along the coil, we discussed how the emf induced changes with time with increasing amplitudes of oscillation.
Dark ages, a window on the dark sector. Hunting for ultra-light axions
Authors: Vanzan Eleonora , Raccanelli Alvise , Bartolo Nicola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Measurements of 21 cm intensity mapping (IM) during the dark ages can potentially provide us with an unprecedented window on high redshifts and small scales.
One of the main advantages this can bring involves the possibility to probe the nature of dark matter.
Tests of dark matter models with the large-scale structure of the Universe are limited by non-linearities and astrophysical effects, which are not present for IM measurements during the dark ages.
In this paper we focus on constraining the model in which dark matter is comprised, totally or in part, by ultra-light axion-like particles around the 10-18– 10-22 eV mass scale.
For this model, the angular power spectrum of 21 cm brightness temperature fluctuations will exhibit a small-scale suppression.
However, this effect is intertwined with the imprint of baryon-dark matter relative velocity at recombination, causing at the same time an enhancement at large-scales, which is affected by the mass and abundance of axion dark matter.
In this work we forecast how future radio arrays will be able to constrain ultra-light axion mass through both these effects on the angular power spectrum.
Formation of gel and solid phases in acrylic cuvettes upon exposure to DMSO, oxygen and light: implications for fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Alvarez Alain Bolaño , Petersen Steffen B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We here report the formation of a turbid-gel phase in acrylic cuvettes upon exposure to pure Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature. The observed phenomenon occurred over a 10 h to 14 h incubation in the presence of environmental oxygen. After the turbid gel was removed from the cuvette, it became a white solid exhibiting unique emission behavior. The formation of the turbid-gel phase was accelerated upon exposure to UV 295 LED pulses of light from 6 h to 8 h. Surprisingly, subsequent exposure of the white solid to a few microliters of pure DMSO and vortexing resulted in its transformation into a transparent gel state in just a few minutes, eventually acquiring transparent and liquid properties. Additionally, the white-solid phase can load other molecules, such as Resveratrol and Quercetin, leading to shifts in the respective emission spectra compared with the same molecule in liquid and pure DMSO. These novel findings highlight the interaction between UV photons, oxygen, DMSO and Acrylic, and potentially distort fluorescence spectroscopy experiments.
Investigating anatomical traits and molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to Pierce’s disease. A commentary on ‘Xylem-dwelling pathogen unaffected by local xylem vessel network properties in grapevines (Vitisspp.)’
Authors: Miller Robert Neil Gerard 
Published: March 2024

This article comments on:Ana Clara Fanton, Martin Bouda and Craig Brodersen, Xylem-dwelling pathogen unaffected by local xylem vessel network properties in grapevines (Vitis spp.), Annals of Botany, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 April 2024, Pages 521–532 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae016
Adjustment of scRNA-seq data to improve cell-type decomposition of spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Wang Lanying , Hu Yuxuan , Gao Lin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Most sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies do not achieve single-cell resolution where each captured location (spot) may contain a mixture of cells from heterogeneous cell types, and several cell-type decomposition methods have been proposed to estimate cell type proportions of each spot by integrating with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, these existing methods did not fully consider the effect of distribution difference between scRNA-seq and ST data for decomposition, leading to biased cell-type-specific genes derived from scRNA-seq for ST data. To address this issue, we develop an instance-based transfer learning framework to adjust scRNA-seq data by ST data to correctly match cell-type-specific gene expression. We evaluate the effect of raw and adjusted scRNA-seq data on cell-type decomposition by eight leading decomposition methods using both simulated and real datasets. Experimental results show that data adjustment can effectively reduce distribution difference and improve decomposition, thus enabling for a more precise depiction on spatial organization of cell types. We highlight the importance of data adjustment in integrative analysis of scRNA-seq with ST data and provide guidance for improved cell-type decomposition.
Unveiling Graduate Readiness to Respond to Domestic and Family Violence in Australian Social Work Programmes
Authors: Schaffer Krystal L , Martin Neil I , Lawrence Jill E , Bryce India R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Social workers trained initially through university education are essential in community responses that seek to address domestic and family violence (DFV). However, research has shown an international shift towards dominant models of thought that individualise or pathologise understandings of DFV in social work practice. This is problematic as it can cultivate a disconnect from the social justice mandates of the profession. Re-centring DFV within the social work curriculum has since become a focal point, but following, there is a dearth in research to measure what change, if any, this has cultured. This is further complicated in the Australian context, where to date the authors acknowledge, few studies have examined the extent of social workers’ exposure to DFV within university curriculum. This project sought to redress this issue, by quantitatively surveying understandings and perceptions about DFV among Australian university social work students and recent graduates. Specifically, the study examines their attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and perceived proficiency about recognising and responding to DFV. The findings suggest that notions of feminist praxis may be diluted in social work curriculum specific to DFV, and as such novel approaches to reinvigorate a structural examination of DFV in Australian university social work curriculum warrant further attention.
Novel chromatic reaction based on the redox reaction between tertiary aromatic amines and gold(Ⅲ) or cerium(Ⅳ)
Authors: Inoue Kento , Inagawa Arinori , Yoshihara Sachio , Uehara Nobuo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Herein, a novel chromatic reaction based on the oxidative self-coupling of tertiary aromatic amines and driven by a redox reaction with gold(III) or cerium(IV) is developed. The dimers resulting from the oxidation of tertiary aromatic amines with gold(III) or cerium(IV) show colors depending on their chemical structures. Substituting a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring with a methyl or methoxy group induces a bathochromic shift in the color developed via oxidation. This redox reaction is highly selective for gold(III) and cerium(IV) because of their high redox potentials and complexation abilities with tertiary aromatic amines, thus suggesting the development of a selective analytical method for gold(III) and cerium(IV). Cyclic voltammograms and ultraviolet–visible light absorption spectra confirm that the oxidative coupling of tertiary aromatic amines develops color. The addition of reductants, such as l-ascorbic acid, degrades the color of the resultant colored species, thus indicating that the quinoid structure of the colored species caused color development. Thus, the developed redox reaction of tertiary aromatic amines with gold(III) or cerium(IV) provides a new chromogenic platform for determining gold(III), cerium(IV), and ascorbic acid.
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote skin wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating epidermal autophagy
Authors: Ren Haiyue , Su Peng , Zhao Feng , Zhang Qiqi , Huang Xing , He Cai , Wu Quan , Wang Zitong , Ma Jiajie , Wang Zhe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have great potential in the field of tissue repair and regenerative medicine, particularly in cases of refractory diabetic wounds. Interestingly, autophagy plays a role in wound healing, and recent research has demonstrated that exosomes are closely associated with intracellular autophagy in biogenesis and molecular signaling mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether ADSC-Exos promote the repair of diabetic wounds by regulating autophagy to provide a new method and theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic wounds.

Methods
Western blot analysis and autophagy double-labelled adenovirus were used to monitor changes in autophagy flow in human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells. ADSC-Exos were generated from ADSC supernatants via ultracentrifugation. The effectiveness of ADSC-Exos on HaCaT cells was assessed using a live-cell imaging system, cell counting kit-8 and cell scratch assays. The cells were treated with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 to evaluate the effects of autophagy on cell function. The recovery of diabetic wounds after ADSC-Exo treatment was determined by calculating the healing rates and performing histological analysis. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze changes in mRNA expression after the treatment of HaCaT cells with ADSC-Exos.

Results
ADSC-Exos activated autophagy in HaCaT cells, which was inhibited by high glucose levels, and potentiated their cellular functions. Moreover, ADSC-Exos in combination with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 showed that autophagy defects further impaired the biological function of epidermal cells under high-glucose conditions and partially weakened the healing effect of ADSC-Exos. Using a diabetes wound model, we found that ADSC-Exos promoted skin wound healing in diabetic mice, as evidenced by increased epidermal autophagy and rapid re-epithelialization. Finally, sequencing results showed that increased expression of autophagy-related genes nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), CD46, vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), VAMP3 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (EIF2S1) may contribute to the underlying mechanism of ADSC-Exo action.

Conclusions
This study elucidated the molecular mechanism through which ADCS-Exos regulate autophagy in skin epithelial cells, thereby providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment and repair of skin epithelial damage by ADSC-Exos.
Military Alliances under International Law
Authors: Yip Ka Lok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While military alliances have always been an important subject of research in international relations, relatively little study has been conducted on them in international law. Even though military alliances have been featured in the wider discussions on regional orders under international law, little systematic effort has been made to assess the extent to which various actions that are routine for or structured into the design and operation of military alliances are compatible with international law. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the implications of certain activities of military alliances under three areas of international law and is divided into three substantive sections. The first section examines how activities such as military exercises, force concentration and coercive demands, when undertaken by a military alliance, could heighten the risk of their violation of the prohibition of the threat of force under the UN Charter. The second section examines how certain standing arrangements of military alliances pre-dispose them to intervene in civil strife in allies or potential allies in potential violation of the norm against intervention in the domestic affairs of another State. The third section examines how, despite their often-explicit deference to the UN Charter, military alliances operate in tension with the collective security architecture of the UN and suggests ways to harmonise them. The article concludes that the sovereign rights of States to form military alliances do not create a carte blanche for military alliances to operate freely from any restraint of international law and calls for a more proactive approach to maintaining international peace and security in view of the complex nature of certain activities of military alliances under international law.
Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Reduce Antibiotic Use at Combined Adult-Pediatric Hospitals
Authors: Tribble Alison C , Moorthy Ganga S , Vartanian Rebecca J , Smith Michael J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Implementation of dedicated pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) at 2 combined adult-pediatric hospitals with existing ASPs was associated with sustained decreases in pediatric antibiotic use out of proportion to declines seen in adult inpatient units. ASPs in combined hospitals may not detect excessive pediatric antibiotic use without incorporating pediatric expertise.
An iterative spectral algorithm for digraph clustering
Authors: Martin James , Rogers Tim , Zanetti Luca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Graph clustering is a fundamental technique in data analysis with applications in many different fields. While there is a large body of work on clustering undirected graphs, the problem of clustering directed graphs is much less understood. The analysis is more complex in the directed graph case for two reasons: the clustering must preserve directional information in the relationships between clusters, and directed graphs have non-Hermitian adjacency matrices whose properties are less conducive to traditional spectral methods. Here, we consider the problem of partitioning the vertex set of a directed graph into k≥2 clusters so that edges between different clusters tend to follow the same direction. We present an iterative algorithm based on spectral methods applied to new Hermitian representations of directed graphs. Our algorithm performs favourably against the state-of-the-art, both on synthetic and real-world data sets. Additionally, it can identify a ‘meta-graph’ of k vertices that represents the higher-order relations between clusters in a directed graph. We showcase this capability on data sets about food webs, biological neural networks, and the online card game Hearthstone.