bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scaphoid Safety Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction. The Non–Bone Tunnel Technique and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Tuntiyatorn Panithan , Rojpitipongsakorn Chanakarn , Chulsomlee Kulapat , Pittayasoponkij Pongsakorn , Kanchanathepsak Thepparat , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
In the chronic unrepairable scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury stage, scapholunate ligament (SL) reconstruction remains the gold standard treatment. However, most surgical techniques are required to make the bone tunnel by drilling through the scaphoid, which may introduce iatrogenic scaphoid fracture as a complication. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe an alternative surgical technique for SLIL reconstruction by using a double anchor suture instead of bone drilling.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 5 consecutive cases of chronic scapholunate dissociation that underwent the non–bone tunnel technique of SLIL reconstruction were included in the study. The clinical data between the preoperative and postoperative were collected.

Results:
In 5 cases, a ligament reconstruction was achieved successfully. At 12 weeks after the surgery. The average Visual Analog Scale improved from 8.4 to 1.0. The clinical stress test was negative without pain. The mean grip strength improved to 85.4% compared with the normal contralateral hand. The mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 8.62 compared with the preoperative score of 70.92. Mean of SL interval in wrist with anteroposterior view and anteroposterior clenched fist view at 2.50 mm and 2.68 mm.

Conclusion:
The scaphoid safety SLIL reconstruction technique is a simple and reliable treatment method, using flexor carpi radialis tendon weave and anchor-ligament-anchor procedure instead of previous bone tunnel techniques. Biomechanical strength of the system demonstrated by postoperative results of scaphoid flexion was corrected, but SL gaps were still remaining in some cases. However, there was no effect on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
The Impact of Surgical Delay in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Michael Z. , Hines Alexander S. , Demer Addison M. , Brewer Jerry D. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The prognosis of patients diagnosed with melanoma is highly dependent on staging, early detection, and early intervention. In this systematic review, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of surgical delay (time between diagnostic biopsy and definitive surgical excision) on melanoma-specific outcomes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted from Embase (1974–present), MEDLINE (1946–present), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2005–present), Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 977 studies were included for review after removal of duplicates. A total of 10 studies were included for final analysis.

RESULTS
In total, 70% (7/10) of the studies found that longer wait times between initial biopsy and surgical intervention are correlated with lower overall survival. Among the 9 studies that reported overall survival as a percentage, the median and SD overall survival was 82% ± 5.87.

CONCLUSION
There is evidence that prolonged surgical delay in patients diagnosed with Stage I cutaneous melanoma is associated with worsened overall mortality, whereas the effect of surgical delay on overall mortality in Stages II and III melanomas is uncertain. Future prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to better define the appropriate surgical wait times between biopsy and surgical treatment.
Long-term Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Disease Exacerbation Among Children with Asthma in the Eastern United States, 2000–2018
Authors: Weinberger Kate R. , Veeravalli Nina , Wu Xiao , Nassikas Nicholas J. , Spangler Keith R. , Joyce Nina R. , Wellenius Gregory A. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tropical cyclones are associated with acute increases in mortality and morbidity, but few studies have examined their longer-term health consequences. We assessed whether tropical cyclones are associated with a higher frequency of symptom exacerbation among children with asthma in the following 12 months in eastern United States counties, 2000–2018.

Methods:
We defined exposure to tropical cyclones as a maximum sustained windspeed >21 meters/second at the county center and used coarsened exact matching to match each exposed county to one or more unexposed counties. We used longitudinal, de-identified administrative claims data to estimate the county-level, monthly risk of experiencing at least one asthma exacerbation requiring medical attention among commercially insured children aged 5–17 with prior diagnosis of asthma. We used a difference-in-differences approach implemented via a Poisson fixed effects model to compare the risk of asthma exacerbation in the 12 months before versus after each storm in exposed versus unexposed counties.

Results:
Across 43 tropical cyclones impacting the eastern United States, we did not observe evidence of an increase in the risk of symptom exacerbation in the 12 months following the storm (random-effects meta-analytic summary estimate: risk ratio = 1.03 [95% confidence interval = 0.96, 1.10], I
2 = 17%). However, certain storms, such as Hurricane Sandy, were associated with a higher risk of symptom exacerbation.

Conclusions:
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that some tropical cyclones are detrimental to children’s respiratory health. However, tropical cyclones were not associated in aggregate with long-term exacerbation of clinically apparent asthma symptoms among a population of children with commercial health insurance.
Comparison of preoxygenation using a tight facemask, humidified high-flow nasal oxygen and a standard nasal cannula – a volunteer, randomised, crossover study
Authors: Sjöblom Albin , Hedberg Magnus , Forsberg Ida-Maria , Hoffman Frida , Jonsson Fagerlund Malin 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Preoxygenation before anaesthesia induction is routinely performed via a tight-fitting facemask or humidified high-flow nasal oxygen. We hypothesised that effective preoxygenation, assessed by end-tidal oxygen (EtO2) levels, can also be performed via a standard nasal cannula.

OBJECTIVE
This study compared the efficacy of preoxygenation between a traditional facemask, humidified high-flow nasal oxygen and a standard nasal cannula.

DESIGN
A volunteer, randomised, crossover study.

SETTING
Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. The study was conducted between 2 May and 31 May 2023.

PARTICIPANTS
Twenty cardiopulmonary healthy volunteers aged 25–65 years with a BMI <30.

INTERVENTIONS
Preoxygenation using a traditional facemask, humidified high-flow nasal oxygen and standard nasal cannula. Volunteers were preoxygenated with all three methods, at various flow rates (10–50 l min−1), with open and closed mouths and during vital capacity manoeuvres.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The study's primary outcome compared the efficacy after 3 min of preoxygenation, assessed by EtO2 levels, between the three methods and various flow rates of preoxygenation.

RESULTS
Three methods generated higher EtO2 levels than others: (i) facemask preoxygenation using normal breathing, (ii) humidified high-flow nasal oxygen, closed-mouth breathing, at 50 l min−1 and (iii) standard nasal cannula, closed-mouth breathing, at 50 l min−1, and expressed as means (SD): 90% (3), 90% (6) and 88% (5), respectively. Preoxygenation efficacy was greater via the bi-nasal cannulae using closed vs. open mouth breathing as well as with 3 min of normal breathing vs. eight vital capacity breaths. Preoxygenation with a facemask and humidified high-flow nasal oxygen was more comfortable than a standard nasal cannula.

CONCLUSION
The efficacy of preoxygenation using a standard nasal cannula at high flow rates is no different to clinically used methods today. The standard nasal cannula provides less comfort but is highly effective and could be an option when alternative methods are unavailable.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05839665.
Gamified interventions to improve the knowledge, awareness and practice on rational use of antibiotics among school children in Mysuru, South India to curb the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Authors: Neelambike Sumana M , Shettar Supreeta R , Maheshwarappa Yogeesh , Kulkarni Praveen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem. It’s important to create awareness of the rational use of antibiotics to curb AMR.ObjectiveTo improve the awareness of the rational use of antibiotics through innovative games for High School Students.DesignProspective interventional studySettingTwelve High Schools in the city of Mysuru, South India.Participants2195 Students between 13 and 16 years.InterventionInnovative gamified interventions to educate on the rational use of antibiotics. Use of antibiotics only in bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, gut, urinary tract and skin was introduced through black blackboard. An animated video was shown on the effects of irrational antibiotic use. Situations in which antibiotics can be avoided in respiratory infections and gastroenteritis were taught through Bucketing the Ball and Monkeying with Donkey games. Pre-test and Post-test questionnaires were administered and evaluated.Main outcome measuresTo assess the improvement in awareness of the rational use of antibiotics.ResultsAfter the intervention, knowledge of the use of antibiotics only for bacterial infections improved from 11.5% to 82.5% and ill-effects of antibiotics improved from 2.5% to 82.5%. Awareness of when not to use and when to use antibiotics for respiratory infections and gastroenteritis improved from 5.1% to 96.77%, awareness of better use of antibiotics for urinary and skin infections improved from 19.6% to 90.38% and not buying antibiotics directly from the pharmacy without prescription, and completing the antibiotic course improved from 20.3% to 91.92%. p-value < 0.05 for all components.ConclusionsAwareness of the rational use of antibiotics is very poor among the general public. The need of the hour is to create awareness not only among healthcare providers but also among the general public. Innovative gamified interventions create better and long-lasting awareness of this.Strength and Limitations of the studyThe strength was using gamified interventions to create knowledge and awareness about rational use of antibiotics.The limitation is, awareness about adverse effects of antibiotics could not be converted to gamified intervention, and it was shown as an animated video since adverse effects of antibiotics include long term complications.Though the students may not be able to remember in the long run the difference between viral and bacterial infections, they will definitely be able to remember that not all respiratory tract infections and gastro enteritis require antibiotics and henceforth they will not pressurize the physicians to prescribe antibiotics.Limitation
Integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing revealsSH3D21promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Tong Wangxia , Lu Tao , Liu Li , Liu Rong , Chen Jibing , Luo Ning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a novel genetic biomarker, the potential role ofSH3D21in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear. Here, we decipher the expression and function ofSH3D21in human hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression level and clinical significance ofSH3D21in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, the relationship betweenSH3D21and the features of tumor microenvironment (TME) and role ofSH3D21in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma progression were analyzed based on the bulk samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Single-cell sequencing samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were employed to verify the prediction mechanism. Additionally, different biological effects ofSH3D21on hepatocellular carcinoma cells were investigated by qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assay, colony forming assay and Western blot analysis. Bioinformatics analysis andin vitroexperiments revealed that the expression level ofSH3D21was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with the poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.SH3D21effectively promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration as well as the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition,SH3D21can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.SH3D21stimulates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, andSH3D21can serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Trends and hotspots in research on osteoporosis and nutrition from 2004 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Min , Yu Binyang , Yang Haiyan , He Haiyan , Li Ning , Lv Aili , Zhou Xiaoling , Gao Rui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis utilizing the Web of Science database on osteoporosis and nutrition-related research published from 2004 to 2024.BackgroundIn recent years, the intricate association between nutrition and osteoporosis has garnered increasing attention. However, there is currently no published bibliometric research on this topic.MethodsThe data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from inception to 2024-01-31 and analyzed using bibliometric methods and CiteSpace, incorporating variables such as annual publication volume, author patterns, institutional affiliations, country/region contributions, journal publications, highly cited literature, and keyword clustering.ResultsA total of 2138 articles were assessed, revealing a consistent upward trend in published works in this domain, with the majority originating from the United States. Seoul National University was identified as the most prolific institution. Among the authors, Geng, Bin were the most prolific, while Kanis J.A. garnered the highest citation count. Research hotspots included bone density, postmenopausal women, vitamin D, hip fractures, etc. Research subjects included physical activity, sarcopenia, calcium intake, machine learning, etc.ConclusionsOur comprehensive analysis offers overviews of research trends and hotspots in the field of osteoporosis and nutrition over the past two decades, highlighting some shortcomings and hopefully providing valuable insights and guidance for future researchers and decision-makers.
Contribution ofde novoretroelements to birth defects and childhood cancers
Authors: Chu Chong , Ljungström Viktor , Tran Antuan , Jin Hu , Park Peter J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInsertion of active retroelements—L1s,Alus, and SVAs—can disrupt proper genome function and lead to various disorders including cancer. However, the role ofde novoretroelements (DNRTs) in birth defects and childhood cancers has not been well characterized due to the lack of adequate data and efficient computational tools. Here, we examine whole-genome sequencing data of 3,244 trios from 12 birth defect and childhood cancer cohorts in the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program. Using an improved version of our tool xTea (x-Transposable element analyzer) that incorporates a deep-learning module, we identified 162 DNRTs, as well as 2 pseudogene insertions. Several variants are likely to be causal, such as ade novo Aluinsertion that led to the ablation of a whole exon in theNF1gene in a proband with brain tumor. We observe a highde novoSVA insertion burden in both high-intolerance loss-of-function genes and exons as well as more frequentde novo Aluinsertions of paternal origin. We also identify potential mosaic DNRTs from embryonic stages. Our study reveals the important roles of DNRTs in causing birth defects and predisposition to childhood cancers.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children
Authors: Tang Ying , Boribong Brittany P. , Swank Zoe N. , Demokritou Melina , Luban Maria A.F. , Fasano Alessio , Du Michelle , Wolf Rebecca L. , Griffiths Joseph , Shultz John , Borberg Ella , Chalise Sujata , Gonzalez Wanda I. , Walt David R. , Yonker Lael M. , Horwitz Bruce H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKey pointsCurrent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induces salivary and nasal SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG but not IgA production in children under 5 years of ageMucosal anti-spike IgA is important for immune complex-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation against SARS-CoV-2 in the airwayBackgroundUnderstanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including mucosal IgA, could be of potential benefit to vaccine efficacy, yet limited evidence exists regarding the production of mucosal antibodies following the administration of current mRNA vaccines to young children.MethodsWe measured the levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from a cohort of children under 5 years of age undergoing SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (serially collected, matched serum and saliva samples, N=116) or on convenience samples of children under 5 years of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department (nasal swabs, N=103). Further, we assessed salivary and nasal samples for the ability to induce SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation.ResultsLongitudinal analysis of post-vaccine responses in saliva revealed the induction of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG but not IgA. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA was only observed in nasal samples obtained from previously infected children with or without vaccination, but not in vaccinated children without a history of infection. In addition, oronasopharyngeal samples obtained from children with prior infection were able to trigger enhanced spike-mediated NET formation, and IgA played a key role in driving this process.ConclusionsDespite the induction of specific IgG in the oronasal mucosa, current intramuscular vaccines have limited ability to generate mucosal IgA in young children. These results confirm the independence of mucosal IgA responses from systemic humoral responses following mRNA vaccination and suggest potential future vaccination strategies for enhancing mucosal protection in this young age group.
Improved multi-ancestry fine-mapping identifiescis-regulatory variants underlying molecular traits and disease risk
Authors: Lu Zeyun , Wang Xinran , Carr Matthew , Kim Artem , Gazal Steven , Mohammadi Pejman , Wu Lang , Gusev Alexander , Pirruccello James , Kachuri Linda , Mancuso Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMulti-ancestry statistical fine-mapping ofcis-molecular quantitative trait loci (cis-molQTL) aims to improve the precision of distinguishing causalcis-molQTLs from tagging variants. However, existing approaches fail to reflect shared genetic architectures. To solve this limitation, we present the Sum of Shared Single Effects (SuShiE) model, which leverages LD heterogeneity to improve fine-mapping precision, infer cross-ancestry effect size correlations, and estimate ancestry-specific expression prediction weights. We apply SuShiE to mRNA expression measured in PBMCs (n=956) and LCLs (n=814) together with plasma protein levels (n=854) from individuals of diverse ancestries in the TOPMed MESA and GENOA studies. We find SuShiE fine-mapscis-molQTLs for 16%more genes compared with baselines while prioritizing fewer variants with greater functional enrichment. SuShiE infers highly consistentcis-molQTL architectures across ancestries on average; however, we also find evidence of heterogeneity at genes with predicted loss-of-function intolerance, suggesting that environmental interactions may partially explain differences incis-molQTL effect sizes across ancestries. Lastly, we leverage estimatedcis-molQTL effect-sizes to perform individual-level TWAS and PWAS on six white blood cell-related traits in AOU Biobank individuals (n=86k), and identify 44 more genes compared with baselines, further highlighting its benefits in identifying genes relevant for complex disease risk. Overall, SuShiE provides new insights into thecis-genetic architecture of molecular traits.
Task-Oriented Predictive (Top)-BERT: Novel Approach for Predicting Diabetic Complications Using a Single-Center EHR Data
Authors: Islam Humayera , Bartlett Gillian , Pierce Robert , Rao Praveen , Waitman Lemuel R. , Song Xing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we assess the capacity of the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) framework to predict a 12-month risk for major diabetic complications—retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using a single-center EHR dataset. We introduce a task-oriented predictive (Top)-BERT architecture, which is a unique end-to-end training and evaluation framework utilizing sequential input structure, embedding layer, and encoder stacks inherent to BERT. This enhanced architecture trains and evaluates the model across multiple learning tasks simultaneously, enhancing the model’s ability to learn from a limited amount of data. Our findings demonstrate that this approach can outperform both traditional pretraining-finetuning BERT models and conventional machine learning methods, offering a promising tool for early identification of patients at risk of diabetes-related complications. We also investigate how different temporal embedding strategies affect the model’s predictive capabilities, with simpler designs yielding better performance. The use of Integrated Gradients (IG) augments the explainability of our predictive models, yielding feature attributions that substantiate the clinical significance of this study. Finally, this study also highlights the essential role of proactive symptom assessment and the management of comorbid conditions in preventing the advancement of complications in patients with diabetes.