bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclavian artery intervention with vertebral embolic protection
Authors: Michael Tesfaldet T. , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKnowing the location of the vertebral and the internal mammary artery ostia is crucial during proximal subclavian artery percutaneous intervention to prevent inadvertent injury to either artery. We report a case of severe proximal left subclavian artery stenosis in a patient with a three‐vessel disease referred to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Retrograde angiography via left radial access allowed visualization of the left internal mammary artery and the left vertebral artery ostia and placement of a Filterwire in the left vertebral artery. The proximal left subclavian artery was successfully stented without complications. Debris was retrieved in the Filterwire. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silicalite‐Filled PEBA Membranes for Recovering Ethanol from Aqueous Solution by Pervaporation
Authors: Gu Jin , Shi Xuan , Bai Yunxiang , Zhang Hongmang , Zhang Lin , Huang He 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPervaporation (PV) performances of silicalite‐filled polyether‐block‐amide (PEBA) membranes for separation of ethanol/water mixtures have been studied. The effects of silicalite content, ethanol concentration in feed, and feed temperature on the PV performances of the membranes have been investigated. It is found that addition of silicalite can improve PV performances of PEBA membranes. When the silicalite content is 2.0 wt %, both permeation flux and separation factor reach the maximum values, which are 833 g/m2h and 3.6, respectively. With increasing of ethanol in the feed and feed temperature, both separation factor and total flux increased. The higher permeation activation energy of ethanol (Eethanol = 21.62 kJ/mol) compared to that of water (Ewater = 18.33 kJ/mol) for the 2.0 wt% silicalite‐filled PEBA membrane accounts for the increase of the separation factor with feed temperature.
Effective Separation of Petro Products through Hydrotropy
Authors: Ramesh N. , Jayakumar C. , Nagendra Gandhi N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive study on the effect of hydrotropes such as sodium salicylate, sodium benzoate, and nicotinamide on the separation of a near boiling mixture, o‐/p‐xylene. The influence of a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K) on the separation of o‐/p‐xylene were studied. All hydrotropes used in this work showed an enhancement in the percentage extraction of p‐xylene to different degrees. The percentage extraction of p‐xylene from the o‐/p‐xylene mixture increases with an increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. A minimum hydrotrope concentration (MHC) was found essential to initiate significant extraction of p‐xylene from the o‐/p‐xylene mixture. The maximum enhancement factor, which is the ratio of the value in the presence and absence of a hydrotrope, was determined for both cases. The Setschenow constant, ks, a measure of the effectiveness of a hydrotrope, was determined for each case.
Mass Transfer Coefficient for Drying of Moist Particulate in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Authors: Makkawi Y. T. , Ocone R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExperiments on drying of moist particles by ambient air were carried out to measure the mass transfer coefficient in a bubbling fluidized bed. Fine glass beads of mean diameter 125 μm were used as the bed material. Throughout the drying process, the dynamic material distribution was recorded by electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and the exit air condition was recorded by a temperature/humidity probe. The ECT data were used to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the bubble characteristics. The exit air moisture content was used to determine the water content in the bed. The measured overall mass transfer coefficient was in the range of 0.0145–0.021 m/s. A simple model based on the available correlations for bubble‐cloud and cloud‐dense interchange (two‐region model) was used to predict the overall mass transfer coefficient. Comparison between the measured and predicted mass transfer coefficient have shown reasonable agreement. The results were also used to determine the relative importance of the two transfer regions.
Systems Chemistry: Logic Gates, Arithmetic Units, and Network Motifs in Small Networks
Authors: Wagner Nathaniel , Ashkenasy Gonen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHow much “systems chemistry” really exists within small networks?To answer this question, the authors study tertiary networks that facilitate molecular replication through all Boolean logic operations and show how such gates can be wired together to perform computational and feed‐forward based network motifs (see graphic).magnified imageA mixture of molecules can be regarded as a network if all the molecular components participate in some kind of interaction with other molecules—either physical or functional interactions. Template‐assisted ligation reactions that direct replication processes can serve as the functional elements that connect two members of a chemical network. In such a process, the template does not necessarily catalyze its own formation, but rather the formation of another molecule, which in turn can operate as a template for reactions within the network medium. It was postulated that even networks made up of small numbers of molecules possess a wealth of molecular information sufficient to perform rather complex behavior. To probe this assumption, we have constructed virtual arrays consisting of three replicating molecules, in which dimer templates are capable of catalyzing reactants to form additional templates. By using realistic parameters from peptides or DNA replication experiments, we simulate the construction of various functional motifs within the networks. Specifically, we have designed and implemented each of the three‐element Boolean logic gates, and show how these networks are assembled from four basic “building blocks”. We also show how the catalytic pathways can be wired together to perform more complex arithmetic units and network motifs, such as the half adder and half subtractor computational modules, and the coherent feed‐forward loop network motifs under different sets of parameters. As in previous studies of chemical networks, some of the systems described display behavior that would be difficult to predict without the numerical simulations. Furthermore, the simulations reveal trends and characteristics that should be useful as “recipes” for future design of experimental functional motifs and for potential integration into modular circuits and molecular computation devices.
Inhibition of Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Iodination by Cephalosporins: Metallo‐β‐Lactamase‐Induced Antithyroid Activity of Antibiotics
Authors: Tamilselvi A. , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBroad‐spectrum antibiotics with heterocyclic side chains strongly inhibit peroxidase‐catalyzed iodination in the presence of metallo‐β‐lactamase. This suggests that antibiotic resistance due to hydrolysis of the β‐lactam ring in antibiotics would have negative effects on thyroid activity.magnified image
Symptom distress, interventions, and outcomes of intensive care unit cancer patients referred to a palliative care consult team
Authors: Delgado‐Guay Marvin O. , Parsons Henrique A. , Li Zhijun , Palmer Lynn J. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:The symptom burden of intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are referred to a palliative care team (PCT) has not been characterized to the authors' knowledge, and the response of these symptoms to the palliative care intervention has not been reported.METHODS:The authors retrospectively reviewed PCT consults for ICU patients who were seen between July 2006 and October 2007. To characterize symptom distress and outcomes in ICU patients who were referred to PCT in a cancer center, information and descriptive statistics about patients' demographics, comorbidities, PCT findings, interventions, and outcomes were obtained. The chi‐square test was used to analyze ICU and PCT mortality, and the signed‐rank test was used to analyze PCT interventions.RESULTS:Of 1637 PCT consults, 88 consults (5%) were from the ICU. The median patient age was 60 years (range, 22‐87 years), and 41 patients (46%) were women. The types of cancers were hematologic (19 patients; 22%), gastrointestinal (19 patients; 22%), lung (18 patients; 20%), and others (24 patients; 26%). Nineteen patients were on mechanical ventilation (MV), and 24 patients were on bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP). The findings were delirium (71 patients; 81%), dyspnea (67 patients; 76%), pain (74patients; 84%), fatigue (84 patients; 95%), and anxiety (57 patients; 65%). The interventions used were opioid management (99%), steroids (70%), antipsychotics (76%), and counseling (100%), do not resuscitate conversion (62 of 88 patients; 70%), withdrawal of MV (15 of 19 patients; 79%), and withdrawal of BIPAP (26 of 26 patients; 100%). Improvement was reported in pain (67 patients; 90%), dyspnea (60 patients; 90%), anxiety (51 patients; 80%), and delirium (31 patients; 44%). Thirty‐five patients (40%) were transferred to the palliative care unit (PCU). Fifty‐one ICU/PCT patients (58%) died during admission versus 130 of 1549 (8%) non‐ICU PCT patients (P < .0001). Twenty‐three of 35 patients who were transferred to the PCU (66%) died there versus 212 of 629 patients (34%) who were admitted to the PCU from another service (P < .0001). Thirty‐seven of 88 ICU/PCT patients (42%) were discharged alive.CONCLUSIONS:ICU patients who are referred to the PCT have severe symptom distress. The PCT was able to identify multiple problems and make numerous pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic recommendations that improved these symptoms, including the participation in do not resuscitate conversion and withdrawal of MV and BIPAP. Although many patients in this population died, a significant subset, including those who were transferred to the PCU, survived to discharge. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Do phase 1 patients have greater needs for palliative care compared with other cancer patients?
Authors: Finlay Esmé , Lu Hien L. , Henderson Hope , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Casarett David J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Phase 1 oncology trial participants often are excluded from hospice. However, it is not known whether they would benefit from hospice services. The objectives of the current study were to define the palliative care needs of these patients and to determine whether their needs are greater than those of other cancer patients.METHODS:Two hundred ninety‐seven patients who were undergoing cancer therapy and 69 patients who were enrolled in phase 1 trials at 7 oncology clinics in an urban cancer network were recruited and consented to participate in interviews. Interviewers assessed the prevalence and severity of 10 symptoms using the Global Distress Index of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and patients' perceived need for 4 services typically provided through hospice: a chaplain, counselor, home health aide, and visiting nurse.RESULTS:Patients in the 2 groups had a similar symptom burden. However, after adjusting for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scores, phase 1 patients were more likely to have 5 of the 10 symptoms and reported greater severity for 6 of the 10 symptoms. Compared with other patients, phase 1 patients were less likely to say they needed a home health aide (4 of 69 patients [6%] vs 198 of 297 patients [67%]), a chaplain (7 of 69 patients [10%] vs 134 of 297 patients [45%]), or a counselor (11 of 69 patients [16%] vs 160 of 297 patients [54%]; chi‐square test: P < .001 for all). They were equally likely to say they needed a visiting nurse (30 of 69 patients [44%] vs 142 of 297 patients [48%]; chi‐square test: P = .516).CONCLUSIONS:Compared with other patients who had cancer, patients who were participating in phase 1 trials were less likely to want several home care services, although they experienced a greater symptom burden. Further research will be needed to define the palliative care needs of this population. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Defining a molecular phenotype for benign and malignant parathyroid tumors
Authors: Fernandez‐Ranvier Gustavo G. , Khanafshar Elham , Tacha David , Wong Mariwil , Kebebew Electron , Duh Quan‐Yang , Clark Orlo H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:It is frequently difficult to establish histologically whether a parathyroid tumor is a parathyroid carcinoma, parathyromatosis, or an atypical adenoma. The authors asked whether these tumors have a distinctive molecular profile, whether benign tumors could be distinguished from malignant tumors, and whether parathyromatosis is a low‐grade parathyroid carcinoma or is benign tissue that can invade other organs.METHODS:Samples of parathyroid carcinoma, atypical adenoma, parathyromatosis, parathyroid adenoma, and hyperplasia were obtained for tissue microarray studies. The molecular expression of genes involved in parathyroid tumor progression (HRPT2 [“parafibromin”], galectin‐3, Ki‐67, Rb, p27, and mdm‐2) was investigated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Complete loss of parafibromin expression was seen in 5 of 16 (31.3%) parathyroid carcinomas; all parathyromatosis, atypical adenomas, adenomas, and hyperplasia stained positive for parafibromin. Loss of Rb expression was seen in 5 (33.3%) of 15 parathyroid carcinomas and 1 (7.1%) of 14 parathyroid hyperplasias; all parathyromatosis, atypical adenomas, and adenomas stained positive. Galectin‐3 stained strongly positive in 14 (93.3%) of 15 parathyroid carcinomas, and positive in 3 (18.7%) of 16 cases of parathyromatosis, 2 (100%) of 2 atypical adenomas, 1 (5.6%) of 18 adenomas, and 2 (14.3%) of 14 hyperplasias. The Ki‐67 proliferative index was high in 9 (60%) of 15 parathyroid carcinomas, 1 (6.7%) of 15 cases of parathyromatosis, 1 (5.6%) of 18 adenomas, and no atypical adenomas or hyperplasia. P27 and mdm‐2 protein expression did not differ appreciably among the tumor types.CONCLUSIONS:No single diagnostic marker currently determines whether a parathyroid tumor is a parathyroid carcinoma, but loss of parafibromin and Rb expression, and overexpression of galectin‐3, generally distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from other parathyroid tumors. Parathyromatosis does not appear to be a low‐grade parathyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Zebrafish neurolin‐a and ‐b, orthologs of ALCAM, are involved in retinal ganglion cell differentiation and retinal axon pathfinding
Authors: Diekmann Heike , Stuermer Claudia A.O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNeurolin‐a and Neurolin‐b (also called alcam and nlcam, respectively) are zebrafish orthologs of human ALCAM, an adhesion protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily with functions in axon growth and guidance. Within the developing zebrafish retina, onset and progression of Neurolin‐a expression parallels the pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. By using a morpholino‐based knockdown approach, we show that Neurolin‐a (but not Neurolin‐b) is necessary for a crucial step in RGC differentiation. Without Neurolin‐a, a large proportion of RGCs fail to develop, and RGC axons are absent or reduced in number. Subsequently, Neurolin‐a is required for RGC survival and for the differentiation of all other retinal neurons. Neurolin‐b is expressed later in well‐differentiated RGCs and is required for RGC axon pathfinding. Without Neurolin‐b, RGC axons grow in highly aberrant routes along the optic tract and/or fail to reach the optic tectum. Thus, the zebrafish Neurolin paralogs are involved in distinct steps of retinotectal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:38–50, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the mouse amygdala as revealed by enhanced green fluorescent protein gene transfer by means of in utero electroporation
Authors: Soma Miho , Aizawa Hidenori , Ito Yoshimasa , Maekawa Motoko , Osumi Noriko , Nakahira Eiko , Okamoto Hitoshi , Tanaka Kohichi , Yuasa Shigeki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe amygdala is located in the caudal part of the ventral telencephalon. It is composed of many subdivisions and is involved in the control of emotion. It is important to know the mechanisms of amygdalar development in order to analyze the pathogenesis of emotional disorders, but they are still not adequately understood. In the present study the migration, differentiation, and distribution of amygdalar neurons in the mouse embryo were investigated by means of in utero electroporation. Ventricular zone cells in restricted regions, that is, the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE), the ventral pallium, the lateral pallium, and the diencephalon, were labeled with an expression vector of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. Labeling at embryonic day (E)10 revealed that the central nucleus originates from the neuroepithelium in the ganglionic eminence and the labeling at E11 and E12 revealed that the basolateral complex originates from the neuroepithelium of the ventral and lateral pallia. The introduction of the EGFP gene into the neuroepithelium of the third ventricle at E11 showed that the medial nucleus originates, at least in part, from the neuroepithelium of the diencephalon and migrates over the diencephalo–telencephalic boundary. The radial glial arrangement corresponded well with the initial migration of amygdalar neurons, and the radial processes later formed the boundary demarcating the basolateral complex. These findings indicate that the neurons originating from the temporally and spatially restricted neuroepithelium in both the telencephalon and diencephalon migrate and differentiate to form the mosaic of amygdalar subdivisions. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:113–128, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinal neurogenesis and ontogenetic changes in the visual system of the brown banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum (hemiscyllidae, elasmobranchii)
Authors: Harahush Blake K. , Hart Nathan S. , Green Kathryn , Collin Shaun P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe development of the eye of the oviparous brown banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum, was monitored from egg deposition through adulthood. The order and timing of retinal cell differentiation were assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy. As in other vertebrates, the ganglion cells are the first to differentiate, in this case by 81 days post‐egg deposition (dpd). The order then deviates from what is typically quoted for vertebrates, with the Müller and amacrine cells differentiating morphologically around the same time, followed by the bipolar cells (101 dpd) and finally the horizontal cells and photoreceptors (124 dpd). The neural retina is fully differentiated and synaptic connections are formed approximately 1 month prior to hatching, which occurs at about 158 dpd. The mature retina is duplex, with a peak rod to cone ratio of approximately 12:1. The eye and lens of C. punctatum continue to grow throughout life and become less aspherical with growth; the equatorial (nasotemporal) lens diameter is 12% larger than the axial (anterior‐posterior) lens diameter in embryos and 8% larger in adults. Access to developmental stages and the protracted gestational period of C. punctatum make it a highly valuable model for developmental studies of the visual system. This study also provides an evolutionary perspective on retinal neurogenesis in an elasmobranch. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:83–97, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular targeting with recombinant cytotoxins for the treatment of brain tumors
Authors: Debinski Waldemar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in the clinical application of molecularly targeted proteinaceous cytotoxins for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain tumor of dismal prognosis. These recombinant cytotoxins are composed of tumor‐targeting ligands and genetically engineered derivatives of extremely toxic to eukaryotic cells bacterial toxins. Several cytotoxins moved relatively quickly, as for novel anti‐cancer drugs, from bench to clinic during the last decade; both clinical studies and laboratory research have brought invaluable translational information. The important factors that are linked to the overall cytotoxins' clinical utility are target specificity, proportion of potential responders to a cytotoxin among patients and an efficient delivery of the cytotoxin directly to the tumor site using convection‐enhanced delivery (CED). Novel, potent, and very specific cytotoxins against GBM are being continuously generated. Moreover, a combinatorial targeting of more than one target in GBM with the cytotoxins emerges as an approach of potentially higher anti‐tumor efficacy and more universal usage. Novel means of recombinant cytotoxins delivery are being envisioned and tested. The next decade should bring more complete and successful clinical application of recombinant cytotoxins, a highly promising class of anti‐GBM drugs. Drug Dev Res 69:407–414, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural products and colon cancer: current status and future prospects
Authors: Rajamanickam Subapriya , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCarcinogenesis is a multistage process consisting of initiation, promotion, and progression phases. Thus, the multistage sequence of events has many phases for prevention and intervention. Chemoprevention, a novel approach for controlling cancer, involves the use of specific natural products or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent premalignancy before the development of invasive cancer. Several natural products including grains, nuts, cereals, spices, fruits, vegetables, beverages, medicinal plants, and herbs, and their various phytochemical constituents including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids and alkaloids, as well as organosulfur compounds were suggested to confer protective effects against a wide range of cancers including colon cancer. Since diet has an important role in the etiology of colon cancer, dietary chemoprevention received attention for colon cancer prevention. However, identification of an agent with chemopreventive potential requires in vitro studies, and efficacy and toxicity studies in animal models before embarking on human clinical trials. Recent studies on natural products in colon cancer chemoprevention with respect to multiple molecular mechanisms in various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are described in this overview. Drug Dev Res 69:460–471, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.