bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associative Intrusions in the Vocabulary of Schizophrenic and Other Patients
Authors: Klinka J. , Papageorgis D. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAssociative intrusions in the thought of short-term and long-term schizophrenic, non-schizophrenic, and non-psychiatric in-patients were measured using Rattan and Chapman's multiple-choice vocabulary test. This test consists of two subtests, one with associative distractors and the other without distractors, which are matched on discriminating power and thus permit the assessment of differential specific performance deficit uncontaminated by the generalized deficit characteristic of many patient groups.Results indicated that some susceptibility to associative intrusions characterizes all groups of long-term patients regardless of diagnosis. Short-term patients (with the possible exception of schizophrenic) did not show such heightened susceptibility.Lengthy illness and/or stay in hospital are apparently implicated in at least this form of thought disorder, which has been often considered to be a uniquely schizophrenic phenomenon.
Further Observation on Study Difficulty in University Students Including ‘Syllabus-Boundness’
Authors: Lucas C. J. , Grown Sidney , Stringer Peter , Supramaniam Saradha 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe UCLS questionnaire, in a form modified to include a measure of syllabus-boundness, and a questionnaire to measure psychiatric symptomatology (the MHQ) were administered to two groups of students, one seeking help for emotional problems, the other a control group. Groups were compared on tests, test findings were inter-correlated, and scores were related to academic success. The UCLSQ is confirmed as a reliable research instrument. Principal component analysis again indicates a separation of psychoneurotic and motivational components of study difficulty. Syllabus-boundness (‘Sylbism’) emerges as a relatively independent trait, with a significant negative relationship to work satisfaction in both groups. MHQ, scores again show a positive correlation between phobic anxiety and academic attainment for patients.
The Role of Stress as a Precipitating Factor of Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Schless Arthur P. , Teichman Alicia , Mendels J. , DiGiacomo Joseph N. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryFifty-six psychiatric patients were interviewed to obtain a record of life events preceding admission to hospital, using a modified version of the Schedule of Recent Experiences. Two control groups were studied for comparison: medical and surgical in-patients and a ‘normal’ population studied independently by Myers. Psychiatric patients reported a significantly larger number of events than the medical-surgical patients, who, in turn, reported significantly more events than the ‘normal’ population. There were no significant differences in the specific life event histories between groups.
Personality and Coping with Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Foulds G. A. , Bedford A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAn attempt was made to extend and cross-validate Mayo's (1969) study of ‘normals with symptoms' using the new Personal Illness measures. Groups of psychiatric patients and symptom-free normals were matched with a ‘normals with symptoms' group for age and sex. The two symptom groups were similarly matched on the number of symptoms as assessed by the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. On the Personality Deviance Scales the ‘normals with symptoms' were found to be the most Extrapunitive group, the symptom-free normals had the lowest Intropunitive scores, whilst the patient group were the lowest scorers on Dominance.
Electroencephalograms of XYY and XXY Men
Authors: Volavka Jan , Mednick Sarnoff A. , Sergeant Joseph , Rasmussen Lejf 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAbnormal EEGs have been reported in XYY and XXY men located in psychiatric hospitals and prisons. In general, persons resident in institutions are more likely to exhibit EEG abnormalities than ‘normal’ population, and this bias of ascertainment has complicated the interpretation of these results.The present study was conducted in Denmark. Chromosome determinations were made on 4,140 men selected from a birth cohort of 31,438 men. Twelve XYY and 16 XXY men were detected. Appropriate XY control groups were selected from the same population. The XYY men were found to have a significantly lower average frequency of the occipital alpha activity than their controls. The XYY and XXY men showed significantly more theta activity than the controls.
Karyotyping of Women with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Wålinder Jan , Mellbin Gunnel 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAs a contribution to an international pool, chromosomal analysis was carried out on 30 women with anorexia nervosa. The stimulus for this study was that during the last decade nine cases have been described of coincidence between Turner's syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Of the 30 women here examined, all had normal chromosomal constitution.
Dermatoglyphics in Schizophrenia: The Relevance of Positive Family History
Authors: Murthy R. Srinivasa , Wig N. N. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIn the present study dermatoglyphic features were studied in schizophrenics with and without positive family history of schizophrenia. It was found that the difference between normals and schizophrenics was further exaggerated in those schizophrenics with a positive family history for schizophrenia. The implications of the findings and the need for further work are highlighted.
Staff Relations in Psychiatric Hospitals
Authors: Miles Agnes 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis study is concerned with the roles of doctors, nurses, occupational therapists and social workers in psychiatric hospitals, as perceived by members of these occupations. Fifty-one respondents from three psychiatric hospitals were interviewed. Information was sought concerning the ways respondents evaluate (a) occupational importance, (b) occupational competence and (c) inter-group contacts. Most respondents regarded the occupational importance of psychiatrists as being higher than that of the non-medical occupations. There was, however, disagreement among the various groups regarding their specific roles and areas of occupational competence. Existing inter-group contacts were evaluated as much less satisfactory by non-medical staff than by psychiatrists.
Monoamine Oxidase in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Murphy Dennis L. , Belmaker Robert , Carpenter William T. , Wyatt Richard J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryReported reductions in the activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) in chronic schizophrenic patients might be contributed to by alterations in hormones, platelet numbers or other non-specific factors thought to affect enzyme activity. In this study, MAO activity in 27 patients with chronic schizophrenia was measured, using benzylamine as the substrate in an assay based on platelet counts instead of platelet protein, and was found to be markedly lower than mean MAO activity in 375 normal controls. These results were similar to those previously reported with tryptamine as a substrate for the enzyme. Serum testosterone, triiodothyronine, iron and iron-binding capacity were within normal ranges in individuals with reduced MAO activity, and none of these measurements was significantly correlated with MAO activities. Platelet MAO activity remained stable over time in patients and controls.
Studies of Daily Recordings from the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire
Authors: Sampson Gwyneth A. , Jenner F. A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryNineteen volunteers completed a Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire daily for a period exceeding one menstrual cycle. The data were analysed, using a least mean square method of fitting sine waves. The fact that the results obtained on this group are essentially those found by other workers looking at the menstrual cycle suggests that this may be a useful method for assessing menstrual distress.
Community Psychiatry in a London Borough
Authors: Oldham A. J. , Gaind R. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA study, covering the years 1964–67, of an integrated psychiatric service for a population of 92,000 was described in this Journal in 1969. This paper describes the continuation of this study to cover the further period 1967–75 and comments on data relating to the whole 11-year period. In this comment, the needs of this psychiatric service have been compared with data from other workers and with current Guidelines from the Department of Health and Social Security.
Treatment Settings in Psychiatry
Authors: Copas John B. , Freeman-Browne Dorothy L. , Robin Ashley A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryNinety-eight matched pairs of patients treated respectively on first admission in a general hospital psychiatric unit or a psychiatric hospital have been followed-up for from five to eight years. The periods of treatment received in either setting remained comparable, and only 3 per cent of patients were in-patients or day patients at five years, while 14 per cent were out-patients and 20 per cent attended their family doctor. There was no evidence in these patients of a transfer of chronicity to the psychiatric hospital, but patients with longer periods of treatment were noted to change hospital from both the general hospital unit to the psychiatric hospital, and in the reverse direction.
The Effect of Mild Hyperventilation on Red Cell Sodium
Authors: Mora J. Damas , Patel M. K. , Jenner F. A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryControl subjects voluntarily overbreathed to produce end-tidal PCO2levels similar to those found in patients suffering from neurotic or endogenous non-retarded depression. Red cell sodium content was found to decrease during overbreathing in all the subjects. The changes were similar to those usually reported for depressed patients.The results imply that red cell sodium levels are in part dependent on respiratory behaviour. They suggest a need for considerable caution in interpreting red cell sodium values from psychiatric patients.
Perinatal Complications in Offspring of Psychotic Parents
Authors: Mirdal Gretty Mizrahi , Rosenthal David , Wender Paul H. , Schulsinger Fini 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe birth records of 78 subjects born to psychotic parents and 72 subjects born to normal parents were studied.No significant differences in the rates of pregnancy and birth complications (PBCs) were found between the offspring of psychotic parents and normal control parents. There were no differences between offspring born to psychotic mothers compared to psychotic fathers. Neither the onset of the parent's illness, nor the mother's age at delivery, nor the sex of the offspring seemed to influence the rate of PBCs. The offspring of chronic schizophrenic mothers and manic-depressive fathers had lower PBC rates than the offspring of parents of other diagnostic categories. The parents of these two groups, which were of a limited size, did not differ on any variable of significance, excepting the time of their first psychiatric hospital admission.
Parasuicide in Edinburgh—A Seven-Year Review 1968–74
Authors: Holding T. A. , Buglass Dorothy , Duffy J. C. , Kreitman Norman 
Published: August 2008

SummaryParasuicide admissions to the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre in Edinburgh are reviewed over the seven year period 1968–74. Special emphasis is given to trends in parasuicide rates for Edinburgh City, but social and clinical data are also described. Though the mean annual increase for admissions is 10 · 6 per cent, recent years have shown a fall in the rates for men and a levelling off for women. There have been increases in the rates for the young, for men in social classes 4 and 5 and for divorced women, and in poisonings with psychotropic drugs and alcohol consumption among women. At the same time it is important to note variables which have not changed: the relative risks by age and sex, repetition rates, the diagnostic picture, poisoning with non-prescribed drugs, and the rank order of municipal ward rates: and variables which have diminished: the rates for divorced men, overcrowding, domestic gas and barbiturate poisoning, and drug misuse. A comprehensive explanation of parasuicide in the contemporary scene would have to explain both the consistencies and the changing trends. The answer to the central question of why parasuicide is changing remains elusive.
Diagnostic Classification of First-Ever Admissions to Chainama Hills Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Rwegellera G. G. C. , Mambwe C. C. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAll new female indigenous Zambian patients (180) admitted to Chainama Hills Hospital from 1 June 1974 to 31 May 1975 were seen by the authors and given a firm diagnosis before they were started on treatment. The diagnostic classification of these patients was compared to that of a similar group of patients (163) admitted to the same hospital from 1 June 1973 to 31 May 1974. Forty-two per cent of the patients in 1974/75 were given a diagnosis of depression as compared to 26 per cent in 1973/74; 14 per cent of those in 1974/75 had a diagnosis of schizophrenia as compared to 21 per cent in 1973/74, and 3 per cent of the patients in 1974/75 fell into the group of ‘not yet diagnosed’ as opposed to 27 per cent in 1973/74. The ‘acute transient psychoses' were noted for their relative rarity in the two groups. A plea is made for all psychiatrists working in Africa to give diagnosis the importance it deserves.
Thought Disorder and the Predictability of Schizophrenic Speech
Authors: Rutter D. R. , Draffan Joan , Davies Jacqueline 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPrevious research suggests that the predictability of speech in schizophrenic patients may be related to certain measures of thought disorder. Two uninterrupted passages of 200 words were taken from 25 randomly selected schizophrenic patients recently admitted to hospital and were ‘Clozed’ by students under both fourth- and fifth-word deletion. Thought disorder was measured by the Bannister-Fransella test, and the Cloze scores were found to be related neither to Intensity nor to Consistency.
A Study of Consanguinity Between the Parents of Transsexuals
Authors: Wålinder Jan , Thuwe Inga 
Published: August 2008

SummaryDuring recent years there have been published a number of reports of more than one case of transsexualism or other sexual pathology occurring within the same family. As long as the aetiology of transsexualism remains unknown the authors consider that a possible effect of recessive genes cannot be definitely excluded. To ascertain whether transsexual patients are born of cousin marriages to a greater extent than expected the authors have fully investigated family relationships for 61 known cases of transsexualism. No case of cousin marriage was disclosed.
Amitriptyline Dosage Schedule, Sampling Time and Tricyclic Plasma Levels
Authors: Ziegler Vincent E. , Meyer David A. , Rosen Samuel H. , Knesevich John W. , Biggs John T. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPlasma levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were similar in ten depressed patients after administration of amitriptyline hydrochloride in three divided doses or as a single daily dose. Maximum comparability of the plasma levels is achieved by sampling 12 to 16 hours after the single daily dose, or 3 to 7 hours after the morning dose on a thrice-daily schedule. Owing to the long biological half-life of these drugs, therapeutic plasma levels are maintained on a once a day dosage schedule, and the need for sustained release preparations appears questionable.
Provoked Anxiety as a Treatment of Exhibitionism
Authors: Jones Ivor H. , Frei Dorothy Z. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA treatment for male genital exposure (exhibitionism) has been given successfully to 15 persons who have previously been resistant to change. The procedure involves the subject undressing before a mixed sex audience, followed by video-taping and subsequent replay to the patient. During the period of nakedness the subject describes in detail the events, his expectations and attitudes, and those attributed to his victim during exposure.The success of the treatment appears to depend on the profound anxiety induced. During the phase of greatly increased anxiety, cognitive changes previously resisted seem to be made possible.
Abuse and Neglect as a Cause of Mental Retardation
Authors: Buchanan Ann , Oliver J. E. 
Published: August 2008

The survey of 140 children under 16 in two subnormality hospitals showed that 3 per cent of the children had definitely been rendered mentally handicapped as a consequence of violent abuse, and that a possible maximum total of 11 per cent might have been thus rendered mentally handicapped. In 24 per cent of the children, neglect was considered to be a contributory factor in reducing intellectual potential.Impairment of intellect from abuse and neglect, especially in those with ‘vulnerable’ brains due to pre-existing abnormality, may be much commoner in children than is generally realized.
The Children of Psychiatric Patients: Clinical Findings
Authors: Cooper S. F. , Leach C. , Storer D. , Tonge W. L. 
Published: August 2008

Findings are presented on 42 children of school age, the offspring of 26 adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatric disorder was found in 19 (45 per cent) of the children, compared with 12 (26 per cent) of 47 children from a control group of families.Families with disturbed children differed from the remaining families in the following ways: presence of frank marital discord, the diagnosis of personality disorder in the parents, the inability of the father to tolerate angry situations, and the presence of siblings of under 9 years of age. Six months later, 9 of the 19 children had improved considerably. In almost every family this was associated with improvement in the condition of the parents.It is suggested that the psychiatric disorder of these children is reactive to the presence of emotional turmoil in the families.
An Alternative to Group Homes
Authors: Anstee B. H. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis paper describes a supported lodgings scheme as an alternative to group homes. It is pointed out that the County Council has a statutory duty to finance supported lodgings and that schizophrenics are ideally suited to such a scheme. Some short-stay, the majority of the ‘new’ non-demented long-stay, and a large number of the ‘old’ long-stay patients have been discharged by this means. Aftercare facilities were important, as nearly half attended the day centre and over one third were regularly visited in their lodgings by the community psychiatric nurses and social workers.
Familial Nature of Reading Disability
Authors: DeFries J. C. , Singer S. M. , Foch T. T. , Lewitter F. I. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAn extensive psychometric test battery was administered to 125 children with a reading disability, to their parents and siblings, and to members of 125 matched control families (N = 1,044). In addition to expected differences in spelling and reading, probands obtained significantly (P ≤ · 01) lower scores than controls on tests of other cognitive abilities. Manifold deficits were also found in siblings and parents of probands, conclusively demonstrating the familial (genetic and/or common-family environmental) nature of the disorder.
Plasma Amino Acid Levels in Huntington's Chorea
Authors: Watt J. A. G. , Cunningham W. L. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryConcentrations of plasma amino acids in nine patients with Huntington's chorea and nine control patients were studied while diet and drug therapy were controlled. Significantly low values for threonine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and histidine were found in the Huntington's chorea patients. However, since different investigators have failed to establish a consistent pattern of abnormality, it is considered that the findings are probably due to non-specific factors.
Teaching Psychotherapy in Mental Hospitals
Authors: Lieberman S. , Hafner R. J. , Crisp A. H. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis paper deals with the early results and problems of establishing and developing a regional training programme in psychotherapy, using peripatetic senior lecturers. The difficulties of a psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy in mental hospitals are discussed, and a model of psychotherapy more suitable for general application in mental hospitals and district general hospital psychiatric units is proposed.
Management of the Demented Elderly Patient in the Community
Authors: Bergmann K. , Foster E. M. , Justice A. W. , Matthews V. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryEighty-three consecutive patients with organic mental disorder were studied on their first admission to a psychiatric day hospital assessment unit in a general hospital. They were evaluated medically, psychiatrically and by social work, re-evaluated after 3 months, and again after 12 months or at death. The types of care, and the number of days in each setting, were recorded. Nearly three-quarters were dead or in institutions by 12 months: those initially living with spouses did worst, and those with their children did best, while those on their own became long-stay residents in institutions. Family support seemed the most important factor determining continued life in the community, and increased help to families from social services appeared to be needed. The value of earlier psychiatric diagnosis and earlier treatment of physical ills is also discussed.
A Common Language for the Psychotherapies?
Authors: Ryle Anthony 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe account of mental processes emerging from the work of cognitive psychologists is briefly reviewed, and aspects of the theoretical basis of the work of psychoanalytic and behaviourist psychotherapists are considered in the light of this. It is argued that in both traditions increasing attention is being paid to cognitive processes. A restatement of psychoanalytic theory in cognitive terms could free it from its present confusion of metaphors, and an extension of behaviourist theory in this direction could free it from reductionism. The advantages of the adoption of a common language, based on the models of cognitive psychology, to theory, practice and research are briefly considered.
Classification of Suicide Attempters by Cluster Analysis
Authors: Paykel E. S. , Rassaby E. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryCluster analytic procedures for classification were carried out on a sample of 236 suicide attempters. Rating variables concerned previous suicidal behaviour, details of the recent attempt and its motivation, mental state, and demographic characteristics. Results suggested the existence of three groups of attempters. The first comprised patients taking overdoses, on the whole showing less risk to life, less psychiatric disturbance, and more evidence of interpersonal rather than self-destructive motivation. The second group, fewer in number, made more severe attempts with more self-destructive motivation, by violent methods rather than overdose. The third and smallest group had a previous history of many attempts and gestures, made relatively mild attempts and were overtly hostile, engendering reciprocal hostility in the treating psychiatrist. These groups show some resemblance to those found in other studies.
Recurrent Unipolar Depressions with a 48-hour Cycle: Report of a Case
Authors: Gelenberg Alan J. , Klerman Gerald L. , Hartmann Ernest L. , Salt Patricia 
Published: August 2008

SummarySince 1804 there have been twelve case reports of patients with mood disorders showing a regular periodicity of 48 hours, eight bipolar and four unipolar. This paper describes an additional patient, a 57-year-old man with a 48-hour unipolar cycle. Although his 24-hour serum Cortisol pattern was abnormal, there were few clear-cut biological abnormalities. Possible mechanisms are discussed, and comparisons made with previous reports of similar patients.