bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of micronucleus frequencies in blood lymphocytes from smelting plant workers exposed to arsenic
Authors: Paiva Leiliane , Martínez Valeria , Creus Amadeu , Quinteros Domingo , Marcos Ricardo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractArsenic is a world health problem due to the seriousness of its effects, mainly related with the increase of cancer. In Chile, the geological characteristics of the northern region, associated with the development of the copper mining and smelting activities, have contributed to increase the environmental levels of arsenic. This study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between arsenic occupational exposure and genotoxic effects in smelting plant workers. To determine the genotoxic risk related to the increase of cancer among the chronically exposed population, the frequency of micronuclei in blood (BNMN) has been evaluated. The study was carried out in a total of 207 men, divided into three groups: an exposed group of 105 individuals working in a smelting plant, an internal reference group with 52 employees at the same mine but in the administrative area, and an external reference group of 50 workers from another copper mine where no significant levels of arsenic were detected. As expected, differences between arsenic levels in urine have been detected between groups, with the exposed group being the one with a higher level of total arsenic in urine, followed by the internal reference group. Despite that, no significant differences in micronuclei frequencies in lymphocytes were detected among these groups. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expressed emotion among white and ethnic minority families of adolescents with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Hoste Renee Rienecke , le Grange Daniel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractExpressed emotion (EE), a measure of a relative's attitudes and behaviours towards an ill family member, has been found to be related to treatment outcome for both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Although cultural and ethnic background can influence the way in which family members interact, very little is known about cultural differences in EE among families of an eating disordered adolescent. As part of a treatment study for adolescent BN, 55 patients and 84 parents participated in a structured interview, from which EE ratings were made. White and ethnic minority families were compared on five subscales of EE as well as overall level of EE (high vs. low). No significant differences were found between white and minority families. These findings are consistent with previous studies suggesting that white and minority families of eating disorder patients may share several similarities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Primary prevention of eating disorders: characteristics of effective programmes and how to bring them to broader dissemination
Authors: Berger Uwe , Sowa Melanie , Bormann Bianca , Brix Christina , Strauss Bernhard 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveBased upon the observation of advances in the primary prevention of eating disorders (ED), it is summarized that school‐based programmes, focusing on risk factors for females with interactive elements, dissonance induction and booster sessions yield significant effects even under strong methodological conditions. However, beyond the presented research findings it remains often unclear, if and how programmes can be brought to a broader dissemination within a community, region or country.MethodIntroducing the programme PriMa (German school‐based programme for the primary prevention of anorexia nervosa (AN) for girls up to the age of 12), we describe the process of programme evaluation (including 1.006 girls from 42 schools in Thuringia, Germany, who participated in a controlled study using a pre‐post‐design and a 3 months follow‐up), programme implementation and development of follow‐up programmes, including an intervention for boys and flanking secondary preventive actions (such as a telephone hotline).ResultsUsing standardized measures, the girls in the intervention group of PriMa reported significant improvements in body self esteem, figure dissatisfaction, knowledge and eating attitudes. The teachers, who conducted the programme, felt well qualified and were evaluated significantly positive by their students. Based upon the PriMa evaluation, we established a comprehensive health promotion programme at 60 Thuringian schools within the last 3 years, which could function as a model of a fruitful cooperation between a governmental institution (Thuringian Ministry of Culture) and a research institution (University Hospital Jena).ConclusionsExisting programmes have the potential for effective prevention of ED. To confirm these effects under ‘real world conditions’ within a given community will still be a great challenge that often requires methodological and organizational concessions and compromises. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
GFAP promoter elements required for region‐specific and astrocyte‐specific expression
Authors: Lee Youngjin , Messing Albee , Su Mu , Brenner Michael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament protein in astrocytes, one of the most abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Transcriptional regulation of GFAP is of interest because of its astrocyte‐specificity and its upregulation during development and CNS injury. A 2.2 kb human GFAP promoter, gfa2, has been found to express in astrocytes throughout the CNS. In contrast, we recently found that the 448 bp gfa28 promoter expresses in only restricted CNS regions, and is active in neurons as well as astrocytes. In the present study we have used transgenic mice to investigate which DNA regions deleted from gfa2 in the formation of gfa28 are responsible for these differences. We have found that a 55 bp segment spanning bp −1488 to −1434 with respect to the RNA start site contains region‐specific elements and that a 45 bp sequence spanning bp −1443 to −1399 is required for silencing expression in neurons. These data also further confirm the heterogeneity of astrocytes and neurons in the activation and repression of the GFAP gene, respectively. These studies also generated a novel 681 bp GFAP promoter, gfaABC1D, that has essentially the same expression pattern as the 2210 bp gfa2 promoter, and about twofold greater activity, recommending it for gene targeting applications in which size matters. In addition, a 681 bp gfaABC1(mC1.1)D variant was generated that could limit expression of transgenes to astrocytes in the dorsal and caudal cortex, hippocampus and caudal vermis of the cerebellum. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin 15 expression in the CNS: Blockade of its activity prevents glial activation after an inflammatory injury
Authors: Gómez‐Nicola Diego , Valle‐Argos Beatriz , Pita‐Thomas D. Wolfgang , Nieto‐Sampedro Manuel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough reactive glia formation after neuronal degeneration or traumatic damage is one of the hallmarks of central nervous system (CNS) injury, we have little information on the signals that direct activation of resting glia. IL‐15, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in regulating the response of T and B cells, may be also key for the regulation of early inflammatory events in the nervous system. IL‐15 was expressed in the CNS, most abundantly in cerebellum and hippocampus, mainly in astrocytes and in some projection neurons. Using a rodent model of acute inflammatory injury [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection], we found enhanced expression of IL‐15 in both reactive astroglia and microglia, soon after CNS injury. Blockade of IL‐15 activity with an antibody to the cytokine, reversed activation of both glial types, suggesting that IL‐15 has a major role in the generation of gliotic tissue and in the regulation of neuroimmune responses. Because IL‐15 appears to modulate the inflammatory environment acutely generated after CNS injury, regulating IL‐15 expression seems a clear antiinflammatory therapy to improve the outcome of neurodegenerative diseases and CNS trauma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rehabilitative therapies differentially alter proliferation and survival of glial cell populations in the perilesional zone of cortical infarcts
Authors: Keiner Silke , Wurm Fanny , Kunze Albrecht , Witte Otto W. , Redecker Christoph 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRehabilitative therapies after stroke are designed to improve remodeling of neuronal circuits and to promote functional recovery. Only very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. In particular, the effects of rehabilitative training on glial cells, which play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, are only poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of rehabilitative therapies on proliferation and survival of distinct glial populations in the perilesional area of photochemically induced focal ischemic infarcts in the forelimb sensorimotor cortex in rats. Immediately after the infarct, one group of animals housed in standard cages received daily sessions of skilled reaching training of the impaired forelimb; a second group was transferred to an enriched environment, whereas a third control group remained in standard cages without further treatment. Functional recovery was assessed in a sensorimotor walking task. To label proliferating cells, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered from day 2 until day 6 postinfarct. Proliferation and survival of astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and immature and mature oligodendrocytes in the perilesional zone were immunocytochemically quantified at day 10 and 42. Using this approach, we demonstrate that enriched environment and reaching training both significantly improve functional recovery of the impaired forelimb. Furthermore, these therapies strongly reduce the proliferation of microglia/macrophages in the perilesional zone, and daily training of the impaired forelimb significantly increased the survival of newly generated astrocytes. Our data, therefore, demonstrate that rehabilitative therapies after cortical infarcts not only improve the functional recovery but also significantly influence the glial response in the perilesional zone. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult olfactory bulbs from primates provide reliable ensheathing glia for cell therapy
Authors: Rubio Mari‐paz , Muñoz‐quiles Cintia , Ramón‐cueto Almudena 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOlfactory bulb ensheathing glia (OB‐OEG) from adult rodents promote functional and morphological repair after grafting into injured spinal cords. To provide insight into the feasibility of using OB‐OEG in human therapy, we studied OB‐OEG in primates to determine their suitability for spinal cord transplantation. Here, we show that OEG can be obtained from olfactory bulbs of adult macaca mulatta and nemestrina monkeys and compare their characteristics to those obtained from rats. In contrast to rodent OB‐OEG, primate OB‐OEG are nonsenescent, exhibit a longer lifespan, are less sensitive to high oxygen culture environment, and maintain a phenotype suitable for grafting for up to 2.5 months in vitro. Three‐week cultures (short term) derived from a single macaca olfactory bulb provide enough OEG for autologous transplantation at the acute stage of injury, and after long‐term cultures (2.5 months) may yield an additional 20 billion. OEG can be frozen for later use. Therefore, primate adult olfactory bulbs constitute a reliable source of OEG for cell therapy, and successful culture of these cells make autologous transplantation feasible. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Informant based measures may overestimate cognitive impairment in elderly patients
Authors: Diesfeldt H. F. A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInternational Journal of Geriatic Psychiatry 2007; 22: 1169–1170. DOI: 10.1002/gps.1900If has come to our attention that this Letter to the Editor was published without an accompanying Table. We now publish below, the entire Letter as first intended.We apologise for this anomaly.
Reliving lifelong episodic autobiographical memories via the hippocampus: A correlative resting PET study in healthy middle‐aged subjects
Authors: Piolino Pascale , Desgranges Béatrice , Hubert Valérie , Bernard Frédéric A. , Matuszewski Vanessa , Chételat Gaël , Baron Jean‐Claude , Eustache Francis 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe aimed at identifying the cerebral structures whose synaptic function subserves the recollection of lifetime's episodic autobiographical memory (AM) via autonoetic consciousness. Twelve healthy middle‐aged subjects (mean age: 59 years ± 2.5) underwent a specially designed cognitive test to assess the ability to relive richly detailed episodic autobiographical memories from five time periods using the Remember/Know procedure. We computed an index of episodicity (number of Remember responses justified by the recall of specific events and details) and an index of retrieval spontaneity, and additionally an index of semanticized memories (number of Know responses). The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in the resting state, with H2O15 as part of an activation PET study. The indexes were correlated with blood flow using volumes of interest in frontotemporal regions, including hippocampus and voxel‐wise analyses in SPM. With both analyses, significant correlations were mainly found between the index of episodicity and rCBF in the medial temporal lobe, including hippocampus, across the five time periods (unlike the index of semanticized memories) and between the spontaneity index and rCBF in the prefrontal areas. These results highlight, in healthy subjects, the distinct role of these two structures in AM retrieval and support the view that the hippocampus is needed for reexperiencing detailed episodic memories no matter how old they are. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term depression in vivo: Effects of sex, stress, diet, and prenatal ethanol exposure
Authors: Titterness Andrea K. , Christie Brian R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLong‐term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy has proven a difficult phenomenon to examine in vivo, despite the ease with which it is induced in a variety of in vitro preparations. Prior exposure to an acute stressful episode does however seem to enhance the capacity of the hippocampus to exhibit LTD in vivo in male animals. In the present experiments, we examined the capacity for low‐frequency stimuli (low‐frequency stimulation (LFS)) to induce LTD in juvenile male and female animals following an acute stress episode. Interestingly, prior exposure to stress was only required for the induction of LTD in male animals, while both control and stressed female animals exhibited equivalent LTD. In animals that were exposed to ethanol in utero, a similar requirement for prior exposure to stress to elicit LTD was found for male, but not female animals. This prenatal ethanol exposure did not in itself alter the capacity for LTD induction in either sex; however, in utero food restriction did enhance LTD induction in both male and female animals, irrespective of whether they were exposed to stress just prior to being administered LFS. These results indicate that in utero dietary restriction more drastically affects CA1 LTD than in utero ethanol exposure. In addition, female animals seem to exhibit LTD in vivo in the absence of stress much more easily than their male counterparts. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different effects of mild and severe seizures on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats
Authors: Yang Fang , Wang Jin‐Cun , Han Jun‐Liang , Zhao Gang , Jiang Wen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRecent evidence shows that functional neurogenesis exists in the adult hippocampus and that epileptic seizures can increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). However, it is unknown whether different seizure severity has different effects on neurogenesis in the DG of adult rats. In this study, we examined hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat mild and severe seizure preparations characterized with frequent wet dog shakes and severe status epilepticus, respectively. Both mild and severe seizures promoted the mitotic activity in the DG, but severe seizures caused a stronger cell proliferative response than mild seizures. Less than 20% of newborn cells in the DG differentiated into neurons in rats suffering severe seizures, whereas more than 60% of newborn dentate cells differentiated into neurons in control and mild seizure groups. Most newborn neurons migrated into the granular cell layer in control and mild seizure groups, but severe seizures were associated with an aberrant migration of newborn neurons into the dentate hilus. Severe seizures induced astrocyte activation and the expression of nestin and the migration directional molecules netrin 1 and Sema‐3A in the hilus, which were not present in the hilus of control and mild seizure‐attacked rats, suggesting that these molecules are involved in the aberrant migration of newborn neurons. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the water temperature regime of the Danube and its tributaries in Croatia
Authors: Bonacci Ognjen , Trninić Dušan , Roje‐Bonacci Tanja 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChanges in water temperature along stretches of the Kupa, Sava, Drava and Danube Rivers measured in Croatia during the last 20–60 years were investigated. Characteristic (minimum, mean and maximum) annual water temperatures measured at 15 discharge and water temperature stations are analysed. Massive construction on the Danube River basin and on the rivers themselves during the last centuries, as well as recent climate change and/or variability has caused many different and possibly dangerous changes to its water temperature regime. Water temperature, as one of the most important physical characteristics of river water, strongly affects all other physical, chemical and biological processes in the river system. The investigation focuses on changes that have occurred during the last 20‐odd years, probably caused by climate change and/or variability. Methods of rescaled adjusted partial sums (RAPS) as well as regression and correlation analyses are used in order to explain changes in water temperature regimes. The water‐air temperature relationship is also discussed in the article. In all analysed cases, water temperature is strongly and directly affected by air temperature. There is evidence in the time series of rises in the minimum and mean annual water temperatures of the River Danube and its main tributaries in Croatia (the Kupa, Sava and Drava Rivers). The rising of mean annual air as well as water temperatures is shown to have started in 1988. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐depth monitoring of electrical conductivity and temperature of groundwater at a multilayered coastal aquifer: Jeju Island, Korea
Authors: Kim Kue‐Young , Chon Chul‐Min , Park Ki‐Hwa , Park Yun‐Seok , Woo Nam‐Chil 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo supplement conventional geophysical log data, this study presents temporal variations in electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature with depth in a multilayered coastal aquifer, on the eastern part of Jeju Island, Korea. One‐month time‐series data obtained at eight points from a multi‐depth monitoring system showed that semidiurnal and semimonthly tidal variations induced dynamic fluctuations in EC and temperature. At some depths, EC ranged from 1483 to 26 822 µS cm−1, while some points showed no significant variations. The results of EC log and time‐series data revealed that a sharp fresh‐saltwater interface occurred at low tide, but the diffusion zone broadened to 20 m at high tide. EC, temperature, and tide level data were used for the cross‐correlation analysis. The response time of EC and temperature to tide appears to range from less than 30 min to 11 h. Using end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA), the fraction of variations of chloride concentration in the multilayered aquifer was explained, and a conceptual model was developed which subdivided the coastal aquifer into four vertical zones. The percentage of water derived from seawater varied from 2 to 48 at specific depth, owing to tidal fluctuations. Continuous observations of EC and temperature at multiple depths are powerful tools for quantifying the transport of saline water by tidal variations in multilayered coastal aquifers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylation pattern of the O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase gene in colon during progressive colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors: Nagasaka Takeshi , Goel Ajay , Notohara Kenji , Takahata Takaomi , Sasamoto Hiromi , Uchida Takuyuki , Nishida Naoshi , Tanaka Noriaki , Boland Clement Richard , Matsubara Nagahide 
Published: January 2008

AbstractO6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair gene which is frequently methylated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains controversial whether methylation of specific CpG sequences within MGMT promoter leads to loss of its protein expression, and if MGMT methylation correlates with G to A transition mutations in KRAS. Two methylation sensitive regions (Mp and Eh region) of MGMT promoter were investigated in 593 specimens of colorectal tissue: 233 CRCs, 104 adenomatous polyps (AP), 220 normal colonic mucosa from CRC patients (N‐C) and 36 normal colonic mucosa specimens obtained from subjects without colorectal neoplasia (N‐N) by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). The region‐specific methylation data were compared to the MGMT protein expression, spectrum of KRAS mutations and other clinical features. Extensive (including both Mp and Eh) and partial (either Mp or Eh) MGMT methylation were found in 24.5% and 11.6% of CRCs, 3.8% and 27.9% of APs, 0.5% and 7.7% of C‐Ns and 2.8% and 2.8% of N‐Ns, respectively. Extensive methylation of MGMT promoter was primarily present in CRCs while partial methylation was common in APs. Extensive methylation of MGMT promoter was associated with loss/reduced protein expression (p < 0.0001), as well as with G to A mutations in KRAS (p = 0.0017). We herein provide first evidence that extensive methylation of MGMT promoter region is essential for methylation‐induced silencing of this gene. Our data suggest that MGMT methylation may evolve and spread throughout the promoter in a stepwise manner as the colonic epithelial cells progress through the classical‐adenoma‐cancer multistep cascade. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.