bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Dynamic Bottomhole Assembly Modeling and Dynamic Response Determination
Authors: Spanos P. D. , Payne M. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Understanding bottom-hole assembly (BHA) dynamic phenomena remains a critical drilling issue due to the substantial cost of associated failures and potential savings from increased drilling efficiency. Many industrial studies have provided useful insight into drillstring dynamics. The current work extends previous efforts by providing a novel BHA model which accounts for several critical response factors and can be augmented to address a variety of other effects. The finite-element technique is used with a frequency-dependent mass matrix to account for the fluid added-mass effect. The BHA excitation is modeled as a vector with components which are monochromatic functions of time. Results from pertinent numerical studies are presented.
General Guidelines for Predicting Fatigue Life of MWD Tools
Authors: Cheatham C. A. , Comeaux B. C. , Martin C. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A method is presented which gives general guidelines for predicting fatigue life of Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) tools. The method has been particularly useful as a well planning aid for determining how much (if any) drillstring rotation should be permitted in the angle build sections of medium-radius horizontal wells. The results show that, under most conditions, drillstring rotation should be avoided in doglegs greater than 15 deg/100 ft [15 deg/30 m]. In some cases, even smaller upper dogleg limits should be observed.
Microbiological Waste Decomposition in Drilling Pit at the Oil-Gas-Condensate Fields
Authors: Zinberg M. B. , Surgina T. A. , Ivanowskaya I. B. , Galjan D. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The article considers microbiological processes in drilling mud pits in the result of keeping in storage solid and liquid drilling mud wastes in them. It was proved that in the result of microorgans activity in the pit toxic biogases are formed-hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon dioxide.
In some cases these processes advanced sulfate access from the well and continued up to gas saturated productive formations opening.
The usage of bactericides, such as cuprates, potassium bichromate, paraform and etc, inhibits microorgans activity and first of all SRB, which produce hydrogen sulfide in anaerobic conditions. In the result or microorgans inactivation environmental contamination is prevented.
Recent Technological Advances Help Solve Cement Placement Problems in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Brady S. D. , Drecq P. P. , Baker K. C. , Guillot D. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
When designing a primary cement job, more emphasis is usually placed on optimizing the cement slurry properties than on its placement in the wellbore. This lack of balance can be easily explained. On one hand, a wide range of additives is now available to control the major cement properties required in a given situation. On the other hand, placement techniques very often still rely on rules of thumb which are not always supported by experience. Recent technological advances should restore the emphasis to cement placement and mud removal. Field engineers can now take into account, quantitatively, most of the key parameters in cement placement and optimize the process.
This paper describes the application of this new technology to a comprehensive cementing design for production casing. This design was developed for a platform in the Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico. In the first part of the paper, the cementing problems encountered before the plan's implementation are discussed. These included (1) poor zonal isolation which necessitated remedial cement squeezes, and (2) gas migration which resulted in casing pressure between the surface and production casings.
In the second part, the authors present the step-by-step methodology which was used to optimize the mud removal process. A computer simulation was used to determine the centralizer placement, fluid properties, and pumping conditions required to provide stable interfaces between the different fluids during the cementing process. The stable interfaces prevented mud pockets or channels from being left in the cement after it was in place. Since the new laminar flow design procedure has been implemented, no remedial squeezes have been required on 11 successive cement jobs. This is especially noteworthy since the average angle of these wells was approximately 50°. In addition, potential gas migration problems have been prevented.
Completion of the KCC 378-H: A Case History
Authors: Pritchett J. L. , Waak K. A. , Chambers R. W. , Conner J. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A great deal has been published in recent years regarding horizontal well technology. However, little has been pub-lished concerning high rate acid stimulation treatments in openhole sections in horizontal wells. In fact, several articles suggest that a lateral section must be cemented and cased for the appropriate zonal isolation.1 This paper is a case history of a lateral openhole completion which utilized a high rate acid stimulation, polymer gel blocks for diversion, and dynamic spectral gamma ray log analysis.
The Keystone Cattle Company Well No. 378-H, located in Winkler County, Texas was completed in the Wolfcamp Formation of the Flying "W" Field. The completion interval consisted of 1388 ft (423 m) of lateral, openhole section. A 200,000 gal (757 m3) multiple stage, foamed nitrogen acid stimulation was performed using polymer gel blocks for diversion. Five of the acid stages were tagged with three different radioactive isotopes. A spectral gamma ray log was used to identify the treatment intervals during the stimulation to effectively displace the polymer gel blocks.
This paper includes background on the well and objectives for the completion techniques used. The detail procedure and evaluation of the real-time pressure and logging data are also discussed.
Case Histories of Step Rate Tests in Injection Wells
Authors: Salazar Abel , Kumar Anil 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Knowledge of the formation parting pressure (FPP) is important for efficient operation and surveillance of waterflood projects and CO2 floods. Knowing this information will assist in optimizing recovery by reducing injection rates in wells to control cycling (i.e. prevent fluids from going through uncontrolled fractures or high permeability zones) or by Increasing injection rates to maximize injection efficiency and increase oil production.
A step rate injectivity test (SRIT) is one of the best methods available to determine formation parting pressure, also known as the fracture pressure. Previous step rate tests at Salt Creek have been unsuccessful due to procedural problems resulting in inconclusive results.
This paper outlines the procedures, pitfalls, and field problems encountered while running successful step rate injectivity tests in the Salt Creek Field Unit. Findings obtained from running these tests include: frac gradient is highly dependent on average reservoir pressure; a correlation exists between average reservoir pressure and frac gradient for a particular field; bottom hole injection pressure measurements are extremely important on high rate injection wells; and theoretical formation parting pressure predictions are important in designing test procedures.
We also present results of conducting a decreasing-rate-sequence SRIT. This is the first presentation of such data. The experience and lessons learned from running these step rate tests can be successfully applied to other carbonate reservoirs.
A Simple Approach to Mud-Invasion Correction for Dual Laterolog Resistivities
Authors: Chen Shi-Xin 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A simple approach to mud invasion correction for dual laterolog resistivities is proposed in this paper. This approach was derived from an idealized formation model for laterolog resistivity measurements. In this model, the measure current is assumed to flow horizontally into the formation and the invasion radius is assumed to be less than the radial depth of investigation of the shallow-laterolog. Instead of a "pseudo-geometrical factor", the tool calibration coefficient was introduced into the laterolog response equations. As a result, the correction for the mud invasion effect on the laterologs can be made without knowing the diameter of mud invasion into the formation. Once the true resistivity of the un-invaded formation is determined from the dual laterologs, the invasion diameter can be further estimated for medium- to high-porosity formations.
Geostatistical/Geological Permeability Characterization of Carbonate Ramp Deposits in Sand Andres Outcrop, Algerita Escarpment, New Mexico
Authors: Senger R. K. , Lucia F. J. , Kerans Charles , Ferris Malcolm , Fogg G. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The investigation of carbonate-ramp deposits of the upper San Andres Formation that crop out along the Algerita Escarpment, New Mexico, focused on characterizing the complex heterogeneity associated with depositional and diagenetic processes at the interwell scale. Detailed geologic mapping revealed a series of upward-shallowing parasequences, 10 to 40 ft thick, that form the geologic framework for the reservoir model. Parasequence boundaries are typically marked by tight mudstone/wackestone beds that display variable degrees of lateral continuity, ranging from several hundred feet to more than 2,500 ft and are important as potential flow barriers. Detailed permeability measurements (using both mechanical field permeameter and core plugs) of the grainstone rock-fabric unit in parasequence 1 were made at scales of t inch, and 1, 5, 25, and 100 ft. Within parasequence 1, distinct variability of petrophysical characteristics occurs at scales well below those of interwell spacing (660 to 1,330 ft). Geostatistical analyses of permeability measurements indicate varying permeability correlation at the different measurement scales. In all cases, however, approximately half of the permeability variability (variance) is due to locally random heterogeneity (nugget effect). Conditional simulation of permeability in parasequence 1 indicates apparent randomness owing to the large nugget effect. Numerical waterflood simulations using conditional permeability realizations were compared with numerical simulations using geometric-mean permeability distribution and gave similar results. Simulations using small-scale heterogeneity and associated capillary-pressure phenomena will increase sweep efficiency compared with simulations using a facies-averaged permeability distribution with single capillary-pressure curves.
Integrating Technology into Operations: The Team Approach
Authors: Carroll L. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Integrating new or better technologies into a company's operations is widely recognized as a key to future growth and competitive position.1,2,3,4,5 The power of teams in achieving an aligned workforce, better user acceptance, and improved problem solving is suggested by numerous organizational theorists.6,7 One company combined the need with the opportunity and established Steering Committees using line personnel to direct technology efforts. Five committees have demonstrated the effectiveness of this team approach.
Collar Load Support (CLS) Tubing Running Procedure
Authors: Boutwell D. F. , Gonzalez M. E. , Murrey M. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Hostile environments found in deep, high pressure gas wells require that extra precaution be taken to extend the productive life of the well These measures often result in the use of corrosion resistant alloys (CRA's) to prevent premature failure of the production tubing due to severe corrosive action on carbon steels.
This paper discusses a new technology that employs a new running procedure for CRA tubulars. The procedure eliminates ALL die penetration marks (slip, elevator, and power tong) created during conventional make up of a tubular connection and installation of the tubing string in the well. This procedure uses a number of new and innovative devices and relies on supporting the tubing string weight on the face of the coupling. In addition, the string is lowered into the well with the use of lift subs around which the elevators are latched. The connections are made up with specially built power tongs that employ new technology for gripping both the tubular body and coupling O.D.
A brief background of the design criteria for the tubing string is presented along with expected installation environment data. The history of the development of the procedure is discussed and the testing program to prove the feasibility of the procedure is detailed. The resulting data and actual performance of the CLS Running Procedure in a case study clearly demonstrates the potential for cost savings.
The cost savings is realized by reducing the wall thickness of CRA tubulars. It accomplishes this by using design criteria based on well environment conditions only. The need for increased wall thickness to compensate for a decrease in the cross-sectional area (due to die penetrations) is eliminated.
Eliminating the Unknowns of Primary Cementing With On-Site Verification and Post-Job Analysis
Authors: Purvis D. L. , St. Clergy John 
Published: December 2007

abstract
Historically, computers have been used to perform the initial design for primary cementing. Little has been done with the "Second Phase": on-site verification.
The "Second Phase" involves using measured data obtained on site to optimize the initial (or "First Phase") computer design. This "Second Phase" can eliminate many of the unknowns that are present with the majority of the primary cement jobs done today.
This paper illustrates how on-site design verification, coupled with post-job analysis, is used toimprove the success rate of primary cementing operations. Computer monitoring and modeling, while circulating, can often detect potential problems prior to cementing. At this point, the design parameters are modified, and the design program is re-run on location.
A change in mud rheology, or a restriction in the annulus, may result in increased downhole pressures creating lost circulation problems. By comparing measured circulation pressures with those predicted with an on-site computer model, these types of potential problems can be detected. The actual cause of the pressure discrepancy is found by the process of elimination. After the problem has been isolated, the job is modeled using corrected mud or hole conditions. If lost circulation, gas migration, or poor mud removal is indicated, corrective measures may then be taken.
A checklist of data needed for pre-job simulation is presented along with a discussion of how thisinformation is used. Benefits of realtime monitoring are discussed, including examples of corrective actions taken.
The intent of this paper is to show the benefits to be gained with pre-job simulation and post-jobanalysis.
Oil Industry Decision Making: A Focused Approach
Authors: Collier T. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The oil and gas business is undergoing a significant restructuring. In order to maintain control of our own destiny and succeed in an increasingly competitive business environment, the industry must set goals which are consistent with its continued success and focus on those goals in every aspect of its strategic management.
By applying an approach to decision making which focuses on the achievement of the key goals required for success at every decision point and systematic follow-up, a firm can greatly increase its ability to succeed in the business environment of the future.
Successful Refracturing in the North Westbrook Unit
Authors: Fleming M. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper documents the results of an active refracturing program in the North Westbrook Unit during the past two years. It was concluded that an increase in fracture conductivity could be attained by employing recent advances in hydraulic fracturing. The use of forced closure combined with the use of larger sand, more aggressive proppant schedules, and intense quality control has resulted in a significant increase in reserves through refracturing.
An Application of Oil Vaporization Evaluation Methods
Authors: Fleckenstein W. W. , Bouck L. S. , Hudgens P. D. , Querin M. E. , Williams L. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes and quantifies the benefits of residual oil vaporization in a gas injection project. Vaporized oil is recovered as natural gas liquid (NGL) when the injected gas is produced. In the reservoir application studied, 20% of the liquid hydrocarbons produced were being recovered as NGL.
New Capillary Pressure Models for Parameter Estimation to Interpret Centrifuge Data
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Liu Huiqing , Yao Jun 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Many interpretation methods have been proposed to convert experimental data from a centrifuge into capillary pressure curves. Of all these, Bentsen's parameter estimation technique appears superior to others. However, Bentsen's capillary pressure model (Model I and Model II) may not have the flexibility to describe the downward bending section of the capillary pressure curves when Sw approaches unit, which is sometimes a typical feature of such curves. We propose in this paper two new capillary pressure models which can be used in the parametric estimation method to consider the downward bending feature of capillary pressure curves. The new models take the following forms: Model I:Sn=exp[b*(Pc−a)c]Model II:Sn=[1+b*(Pc−a)c]−1
where Sn is the normalized wetting phase saturation, a.b.c are the estimation parameters. When c=l, the Model 1 as presented will be reduced to Bentsen's Model I, which is the common form used previously. Comparisons are made between the results of the new models and Bentsen's models and those obtained from Skuse et al's method for various core sample data. Our results show the great flexibility of new capillary pressure models.
Determining Accurate Bottomhole Circulating Temperature for Optimum Cement Slurry Design
Authors: Kabinoff K. B. , Ekstrand B. B. , Shultz Steve , Tilghman S. E. , Fuller Darryl 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A recently developed bottomhole circulating temperature (BHCT) memory recorder is capable of recording downhole temperatures during circulation before cementing, squeezing, or plugback operations. Conventional methods for determining downhole temperatures have primarily relied on (1) cooldown correlations obtained from published API circulating temperature schedules or (2) temperature measurements acquired during drilling and workover operations. In many cases, a temperature gradient may be estimated from temperature surveys performed in similar wells previously drilled and completed in the same field. Caution is necessary when relying on temperature data that may not provide evidence of temperature anomalies or changes in temperature gradient below some given depth. The capability of the BHCT recorder to obtain actual bottomhole circulating temperatures without delaying normal drilling operations provides essential information needed when designing cement slurries for critical primary cement jobs.
The temperature memory recorder can be tripped into the well with pipe or wireline and can be dropped down the drillstring or tubing. Retrieving can be accomplished by tripping the temperature gauge out with pipe or wireline/slickline equipped with a retrieving head. Temperature data obtained with BHCT recorders are representative of true bottomhole circulating temperatures and can provide an accurate assessment of downhole temperature conditions before critical cementing operations are performed.
This paper presents a brief description of the temperature recording gauge and describes methods and techniques used to investigate the effect of a horizontal wellbore on bottomhole circulating temperatures. Results obtained from four temperature memory recorders placed at varying depths in a horizontal well during various stages of completion are also presented.
A Unique Laboratory Gas Flow Model Reveals Insight To Predict Gas Migration in Cement
Authors: Dean G. D. , Brennen M. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper will give an overview of a laboratory gas flow model and testing procedure that allow real time measurement of gas migration during the transitional period of setting cement. Key parameters are continuously monitored and plotted on a Personal Computer such as: fluid loss, column hydraulics, matrix stability and set time. Repeatable results indicate potential gas migration even when proper slurry parameters are met which include low gelation, low fluid loss, minimal free water and short transition period. Three case studies from different West Coast fields, each of which showed improved bond logs, are reviewed to support the new testing procedure.
Steam Injection Well Falloff Analysis for Monarch Zone, MOCO Steamdrive, California
Authors: Al-Khatib A. M. , Ramey H. J. , Busby J. P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The effects of the unswept zone mobility (kh/µ) on steam inject1v1ty were Investigated. Six falloff tests were run in a steamflood near Maricopa, California. The tests were analyzed using the radial composite model with the aid of the Barua-Horne and the Kappa Saphir well test analysis software packages.
Computer aided matching of the radial composite model with steam injection well falloff data provided remarkable agreement between field data and model simulation. It was possible to find skin, well bore storage, steam zone mobility and compressibility, and the mobility and compressibility of the zone ahead of the steam front. Low mobility ahead of the steam zone was found to limit steam injectivity in several field cases.
A Subsurface Safety Valve Specifically Designed for Jet Pump Applications
Authors: Williams C. R. , Bayh R. I. , O'Dell P. M. , Robertson Thomas 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the development and field testing of a wireline-retrievable, subsurface safety valve tailored for jet pump production systems. An examination of earlier safety system components adapted to hydraulic pump enhanced production systems is provided to show the evolution of design features involved in this new valve. From conceptual design stages to the actual field implementation and operation, a versatile pump power fluid-operated safety valve specifically designed for jet pumps is presented.
A Pattern Steamdrive Model for Personal Computers
Authors: Hsu Chia-Fu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
For years, reservoir engineers have used analytical or semi-analytical models to obtain quick estimates of steam drive performance. Although such models, which consist of little more than an energy balance, can give reasonable predictions of cumulative oil-to-steam ratio, they can also yield very poor forecasts of oil production vs time. The reason for the latter is the lack of coupling between reservoir heating and fluid flow near wells. To improve upon this drawback, a new steam drive model for personal computers has been formulated. This model can predict the performance of pattern steam drives with accuracies comparable to those of more expensive full-blown simulations. The formulation of this model is based on the material and energy balance across a moving steam front. The steam zone shape is determined by a modified van Lookeren theory which incorporated the effect of ky/kh. In this paper, the physical and mathematical backgrounds of this model are presented. Capabilities of the model are demonstrated by comparisons with simulator predictions for a wide range of input parameters: reservoir thickness, kv/kh, steam vent rate, pump location, initial oil viscosity, and well pattern. Comparisons with field data are also highlighted.