bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMALL WATERPLANE AREA TWIN HULL (SWA TH) COMBA TANT SHIP PARAMETRIC STUDY
Authors: KENNELL COLEN G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis study defines the anticipated size and speed of SWATH Escort Ships. The study baseline assumes conventional state‐of‐the‐art materials, subsystems, design philosophy, and operational practices. Double reduction gear and planetary gear transmission systems were included with prime movers in the hulls. Conventional geared‐electric, right‐angle drive and cryogenic systems with turbines in the box or cross‐structure were also studied. Installed powers of 45,000 SHP (2 LM2500s), 70,000 SHP (2 FT9s), 90,000 SHP (2 LM5000s or 4 LM2500s), 140,000 SHP (4 FT9s), and 180,000 SHP (4 LM5000s) were studied. In addition, the sensitivity of the results to assumptions made in the study was examined.The study results show that current technology SWATH Escort Ship will displace 5,000 to 8,000 tons. Sustained speeds of these ships will be about 25 knots. Speeds of 30 knots or better are possible by combining a right‐angle drive or cryogenic transmission system with increased installed horsepower. Increased ship sizes accompany these increased speeds. Such changes will require strong endorsement by the Operational Community.
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND MODERNIZA TION OF SHIPS WITH THE SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (SDMS)
Authors: BOLD NORBERT T. , BOURETTE ARTHUR P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTRockwell International is currently under Navy contract to fabricate the Engineering Development Model (EDM) of the Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) for general data transfer aboard surface ships and submarines. The application of SDMS significantly reduces hardware such as cables, switchboards, and Signal Data Converters (SDC), and it provides the capability to add many desired features which are currently not practicable.In applying SDMS to a specific ship, a massive amount of signal data must be considered. The Application Design Automation Program (ADAP) is a set of computer programs that have been developed to accomplish this task. ADAP com bines signal population data, ships configuration data, and SDMS hardware characteristics to produce an SDMS configuration layout together with documentation necessary to analyze, evaluate, and implement the system. Specific outputs include hardware requirements, system layout, and interface requirements including wire list information. The Timing, Event and Load Simulation (TELS) Program simulates SDMS and provides performance data (system capacity, throughput rate, transport delays) for any system configuration.Conventional SDCs can be elimianted from Navy shipboard systems when SDMS is used. SDMS provides the necessary data distribution, signal conversion, and computer interface. In addition, many functions of the conventional switchboards can be performed within SDMS, thus reducing the size or eliminating conventional switchboards. Very small switch‐bomb will provide the necessary control of data distribution.With SDMS, an automatic and continuous Noise and Vibration Monitoring (NVM) capability is readily available. The automated NVM function will enhance the safety, operation, and maintenance of the ship. Problems with machinery or excessive self‐noise generation will be detected much sooner, and corrective action implemented on a timely basis.
SHIP MOTION EFFECTS ON GUN FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN
Authors: WEISS IRA M. , CROSS ROBERT G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe “at‐sea” environment for AAW Naval Gun System includes six‐degree‐of‐freedom ship motion (roll, pitch, yaw, heave, surge, sway). The design of ship system which are effective at high Sea States requires consideration of ship attitude and motion. The development of Gun Fin Control (GFC) System sensitivity to the motion‐induced environment aboard a ship in a seaway is a necessary design tool. A U.S. Navy Workshop Report entitled “Sea‐keeping in the Ship Design Process,” July 1975, confirmed the need for definite sensitivity information on combat system responses to ship motion effects [1]. Since the Authors wrote this paper, the Navy has commenced developing new GFC Systems which consider in more detail and partially compensate for this motion‐induced sensitivity. This paper addresses the ship motion effects on GFC Systems presently In the Fleet.Coupled six‐degree‐of‐freedom ship motion data are required to fully characterize the AAW Gun System environment. In the absence of such data, design considerations have been investigated using a six‐degree‐of‐freedom phased sinusoidal ship motion simulation developed by Rockwell International. The sinusoidal model is only an interim procedure to be supreseded with a complete spectral model as soon as possible. The simulation uses Equations of Motion to determine velocity and position at any ship station. These data are propagated through the gun/sensor/control system simulation to determine contributions to errors in Gun Fire Control (GFC) System indications of target parameters, and to initial velocity and position of rounds. In the opinion of the Authors, uncompensated motion‐induced projectile initial velocity is a major gun fire control error. The error magnitudes are dependent on gun system component locations and radar filter algorithms.The effects of ship motion on GFC accuracy and the effect of compensating for ship motion have been examined. High !Sea state conditions cause motion at gun system stations which propagate as significant GFC System errors. A substantial reduction of the can be achieved by measuring ship motion, filtering the mesurements [2], and compensating the fire control solution.
LUNCHEON ADDRESS: GOOD NEWS ON NAVY CONTRACTING
Authors: SULLIVAN JOHN F. 
Published: March 2009

In 1968, Mr. Sullivan moved to the E.F. Houghton Company as Executive Vice President and there directed the Company's business in functional chemicals. Lubricants, rubber. and leather products in sir United States Plants and eight jointly‐owned foreign subsidiaries. Later he was elected President and Chief Operating Officer. In 1972. he became associated with Hayes‐Albion, a manufacturer of a broad range of automotive products. as Executive Vice President — Operations. In this capacity, he was responsible for thirteen operating divisions, new product development, research and development. and advanced engineering as well as sales and marketing. In June 1975, he joined the Bath Iron Works Corporation as President and Chief Executive Officer where he currently directs the construction of both commercial and naval ships and has collateral responsibilities as Vice President of the Congoleum Corporation, the Parent Company of Bath Iron Works.Active in both business and civic endeavors, Mr. Sullivan is a member of the Board of the Shipbuilders Council of America, the American Bureau of Shipping, the Canal National Bank, the Bath Museum, the Maine Maritime Academy, the Bath Memorial Hospital, the Brunswick Chamber of Commerce, and the Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America. At the present time he is also serving as U.S. Savings Bond Volunteer Chairman for the State of Maine and as State Chairman of the National Committee for Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve. In addition to ASNE, he also is a member of SNAME and the Navy League of the United States.
CERTIFICATION OF A PORTABLE SURFACE SUPPORTED DIVING SYSTEM
Authors: JENKINS WALLACE T. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAll diving systems used by the U.S. Navy, from individual breathing apparatus to saturation chambers, am subject to the requirements of systems certification. The Naval Coastal Systems Center recently designed, fabricated, and tested a Portable Surface Supported Diving System (PSSDS) which met the necessary requirements and has been certified. The PSSDS, consisting of a compressor, control panel, and emergency flask, ia capable of supporting two divers to a maximum depth of 130‐ft of salt water with a third diver available as standby.Certification of the surface support system was a first systems certification for equipment of this type. This paper describes the requirements, procedures, and problems in obtaining certification for a piece of intricate, sophisticated diving equipment required to support not one, but three divers at different depths.
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES AND THEIR POTENTIAL NAVAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: WU CHIH , FINE J.M. , CHI L.K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDirect energy conversion devices may be used as prime movers, refrigerating machines, et cetera and are endowed with characterlstica well suited to diverse naval applications. Despite this, not much effort has been invested in the U.S. Navy in their development. There is a real and urgent need for substantial fundamental work in this area to be initiated. Developments of thermoelectric converters, thermionic generators, photovoltaic cells, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems, and fuel cells are surveyed. A comparison between conventional energy conversion and direct energy conversion in size, weight, and efficiency is made. Potential application of these direct energy conversion devices for naval use is studied.
VISUAL EFFECTIVENESS IN MODERN WARSHIP DESIGN
Authors: ROACH JOHN CHARLES , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe issue discussed in this paper springs from the impression that current U.S. Navy warships are not as impressive as they could be or should be. A strong plea is made to consider the value of appearance as an aspect of deterrents and projection of national policy. Additionally, suggestions are made as to how an improved appearance may be achieved, citing for comparison specific examples of some recent U.S. and foreign warships.
SHIP SYSTEM SEAKEEPING EVALUATION — A STOCHASTIC APPROACH
Authors: JOHNSON ROBERT A. , CARACOSTAS NICHOLAS P. , COMSTOCK EDWARD N. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe recent trend in Naval Forces has been a shrinking Fleet in both numbers and ship size. This dictates that our ships must have greater operational effectiveness if the Navy is to continue to carry out its mission in the future as it has done in the past.The seakeeping performance of a ship is a major determinant of its overall operational effectiveness. The methodology presented in this paper is a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of a ship's seakeeping performance. The scope of this methodology encompasses the assessment of ship mission scenarios and the relative importance of associated mission requirements as well as the probabilistic description of the uncertainties imposed by the variable ocean environment.The methodology is presented in a general sense so that the seakeeping performance of a ship's configuration can be evaluated as a function of mission scenario, mission area, sea state, ship heading, and speed. In order to utilize the full potential of the methodology, more refined scenario descriptions and more accurate environment specifications must be obtained. A simplified example is presented in which a comparison of the operational effectiveness of two small hull forms is made, using information now available to the designer.It is anticipated that the methodology presented can be used not only as a powerful tool in the decision‐making process of practical ship design, but also as the basis for parametric studies of mission strategies.
FRICTION EVALUATION OF RUDDER‐STOCK BEARINGS MATERIALS
Authors: SCHWARTZ JOSEPH I. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe static and dynamic friction characteristics of seventeen materials were evaluated at conditions of loads, speeds, and lubrication conditions similar to those found in ship rudder‐stock bearings. The purpose of this study was to determine if materials with lower friction and wear characteristics could survive screening tests in a rudder‐stock bearing environment. The results were compared to the existing rudder‐stock bearing materials which is a laminated phenolic. All of the materials successfully tested exhibited lower friction values than the laminated phenolic, wet or dry, but when the laminated phenolic was grease lubricated, it too exhibited friction values as low as those of the other materials tested. Laminated phenolic, however, exhibited severe “stick‐slip” with water lubrication at 500 pounds per square inch (3.44 megapascals) and 1.2 inch per second (30.5 millimeter per second) linear velocity.Various statistical significance tests were conducted to determine what effects load, speed, and lubricant had on the friction values of each material. It was found that none was sensitive to changes in load. The material with the lowest friction value was a high‐density polyethylene.
THE GEORGES LEYGUES
Authors: KEHOE J.W. , BROWER KENNETH S. , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis is the second in a series reports to be published in the Journal that will present SHIP CHARACTERISTICS for various type ships scheduled for introduction, now or in the future, into the Fleets of Navies throughout the world. In this second report is a discussion of the major design concepts and basic characteristics of the GEORGES LEYGUES, a new Type “C 70 CORVETTE” Class ship soon to be introduced into the French Navy's Fleet. (Figure 1)
THE BRITISH TYPE 42 SHEFFIELD CLASS FRIGATE
Authors: KEHOE J.W. , BROWER KENNETH S. , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis is the third in an informational series of reports that present SHIP CHARACTERISTICS for various type ships scheduled for introduction, now or in the future, into the Fleets of Navies throughout the world. In this third report is a discussion of the major design concepts and basic characteristics of the British TYPE 42 SHEFFIELD Class Frigate which is being introduced into the Fleets of Great Britain's Royal Navy.
THE PROSPECT OF AN UNDER WA TER NA VAL ROBOT
Authors: DIXON JOHN K. , JOHNSON HERBERT A. , SLAGLE JAMES R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the concept of an underwater robot manipulator mounted on an unmanned submersible for the purpose of doing some undersea tasks of interest to the U.S. Navy. The robot concept is compared with other methods of doing work underwater and its strengths and weaknesses are enumerated. Such a robot would be able to do only simple, well‐defined tasks, but it would probably be the most economical way of doing those jobs which are within its competence. The jobs which such a device might be able to do are listed and evaluated in terms of how easy or difficult they are for a robot to do.From this analysis some conclusions are drawn about what capabilities are needed in such a robot. It is concluded that speed of operation is not critical (In contrast to robots which are intended for industrial jobs), but that the ability to cope with unexpected conditions and to recover from mistakes is very important.Next, existing robot technology and past research***are discussed and evaluated in terms of the needs of an underwater naval robot. Gaps in the technology are identified, and, finally, me suggestions for research are given.
THE STANDARD FRIGATE OF THE ROYAL NETHERLANDS NAVY
Authors: KEHOE J.W. , BROWER KENNETH S. , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis is the fourth in an informational series of reports that present SHIP CHARACTERISTICS for various type ships scheduled for introduction, now or in the future, into the Fleets of Navies throughout the world. In this fourth report is a discussion of the major design concepts and basic characteristics of The STANDARD FRIGATE Class ships being introduced into the Royal Netherlands Navy.
COMBAT SYSTEM TEST‐FACTORY THROUGH SHIPBOARD
Authors: GALLAHUE JAMES S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe required configuration management and the necessary control of the Surface Ship Combat System elements demand that they be considered as integrated and tested in accordance with an integrated test plan utilizing an integrated test organization. The sometimes used approach of implementing a combat system test program based upon the individual combat system elements being independent, has proven to be less than satisfactory. Then is no question that some of the early testing at the unit, subsystem, and subprogram levels can be planned and conducted independent of a specific “end‐item” combat System.This paper addresses the planning and implementing of combat system test with the emphases being upon the integrated phase of test and primarily the lead ship of a class. Information is presented to facilitate planning and implementing a combat system test program including use of shore facilities and integrating these activities with shipboard activities; when to form the test organization and what types of expertise are required; what are the key technical management tools; the proofing of test documentation; the need for detailed “step‐by‐step” procedures and traceability of the specified requirements; how to assist Ships Force; planning and stat using the conduct of the tests; integrating computer program and special testing into the test program; and the significance of early decisions on administrative and contractual arrangements.
THE U.S. COAST GUARD MULTI‐MISSION CUTTER: COMMAND, DISPLAY, & CONTROL (COMDAC)
Authors: HALL JON W. , ANDERSON MICHAEL D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Coast Guard has undertaken a ship construction program to replace Cutters which are nearing 30 to 40 years of service. These replacement ships, classed as the 270‐foot Medium Endurance Cutters (MEC), are intended for multi mission roles to satisfy both Coast Guard and Navy requirements.To achieve the multi mission posture, and to realize a minimal manning level, an automated approach to employ the principles of a command, communication, and control system was Selected.Since the design limitations (size and weight) for the 270‐foot WMEC were stringent, the Coast Guard designed a Command, Display, and Control System (COMDAC) which incorporated the features of previous automation efforts by the U.S. Coast Guard and Navy.COMDAC's uniqueness lies in its ability to receive data, to process and format it in accordance with predetermined doctrine (Navy and Coast Guard), and then to display it at any of several locations. The use of COMDAC provides for the reduction of Plotters and Status Board Keepers and also allows for the NTDS interface to accomplish the various Navy missions. This paper will address COMDAC's utilization as a command, communication, and control system as applied to the Coast Guard and Navy missions.
THE INVINCIBLE CLASS LIGHT AIRCRAFT CARRIER OF THE BRITISH ROYAL NAVY
Authors: KEHOE J.W. , BROWER KENNETH S. , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis is the fifth in an informational aeries of reports that present SHIP CHARACTERISTICS for various type ships scheduled for introduction, now or in the future, into the Fleets of Navies throughout the world. In this fifth report is a discussion of the major design concepts and basic characteristics of the INVINCIBLE Claw Anti‐Submarine Light Aircraft Carrier being introduced into the British Royal Navy.
C3 SYSTEMS LAND‐BASED TESTING
Authors: CAMPBELL JAMES S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe increasingly important role of land‐based test sites (LBTSs) in military command, control, and communications (C3) is discussed, with particular reference to system integration, R&D, and testing. The LBTS at the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC), San Diego, is described in detail, and lessons learned from the operation of the and other LBTSe are considered in terms of both their tactical and strategic implications.
SHIP QUALIFICATION TRIAL OF AN ANTI‐SHIP MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM (ASMD SQT)
Authors: STIMSON WILLIAM A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA qualification trial of weapons system on surface ship is, at a minimum, an onboard test and analysis service. It is applied soon after new construction, or after an overhaul period involving installation of a weapon system. Following an equipment checkout, an occasion is provided to employ the weapon against target drones at sea. Thus, the trial often represents the first opportunity of the ship to use its weapons in a dynamic way.The new man‐machine system is usually not well integrated into the ship's combat system. However, modern threat scenarios indicate that arbitrarily brief reaction times are needed to defend against anti‐ship cruise missiles.This paper describes a qualification trial that focuses upon the Anti‐Ship Missile Defense (ASMD) capability. The program includes formal combat system training, stressing ASMD engagement doctrine. Exercises at sea are scheduled that test the depth and breadth of the Anti‐Air Warfare (AAW) suite, as well as the coordination of the ship combat team. The exercises include electronic warfare, electronic counter‐measures, and casualty mode operations. The idea of using ASMD profiles in surface‐to‐air missile firings is discussed in terms of cost, realism, and system verification. Finally, an analysis is presented of the pass/fall criteria, most of which are subjective.
CONCEPT STUDY OF MOBILIZATION TUG‐BARGE DESIGNS
Authors: WILSON WARREN B. , FOLTIS CONSTANTINE 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes one facet of a continuing effort within the Maritime Administration to insure the adequacy of the United States Merchant Marine in a war or national emergency. As a result of comments on “Merchant Ships for Wartime Mobilization Prototype Design and Construction for Readiness”, given at ASNE Day 1976, a concept study was initiated within the Maritime Administration to assess the utility of integrated Tug‐Barges in a mobilization program. The results of this study are given in this paper.In light of the restricted number of shipways available for building the multi‐purpose mobilization ship, the need is defined for another ship type which would be suitable for construction at a larger number of facilities. General design objectives are then developed for this ancillary ship which satisfy mobilization requirements. A brief analysis of the capability of integrated Tug‐Barges to meet the design objectives is conducted, followed by four Barge concept designs and a description of Tug options, which demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing Tug‐Barges in a mobilization effort. The eventual goal, after the completion of a preliminary design phase, will be the development of a set of contract plans and specifications followed by the construction of a prototype vessel.
HOW TO MAKE 3‐M SYSTEMS WORK FOR YOU
Authors: BOOTH RONALD “J” 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe primary objective of the Ships' 3‐M Systems is to provide for managing maintenance and maintenance support in a manner which will ensure maximum equipment operational readiness. This paper describes a simple improvement to the 3‐M system to accomplish that objective better.The improvement makes the system more comprehensible and useful to Work Center maintenance personnel and to ships' officers who manage the maintenance work. To a system, which utilizes Equipment Identification Codes (EIC) and Work Center (WC) codes to facilitate the summarization and analyses of maintenance information, is added the Ships' Work Breakdown Structure (SWBS) codes which are then entered on individual work requests as they are written. Two immediate benefits are realized, the first being that work is better categorized and structured in the way in which it will be performed, and secondly, ship management can check a structured list (SWBS) of ship equipment and systems to ensure all discnpancies and needed repairs ate documented. Easier submission and processing of work packaging by the ship and repair activity is another advantage.Advantages and benefits from this improvement are not just proposed in this paper but are actually related to a two year experience in the USS KITTY HAWK (CV‐63). A proposal to make this improvement Navy‐wide is presented