bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors analysis of early postoperative arrhythmia after congenital heart surgery in pediatric patients
Authors: Yasa Ketut Putu , Katritama Arinda Agung , Harta I. Komang Adhi Parama , Sudarma I. Wayan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundArrhythmia is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and analyze the risk factors of postoperative arrhythmia in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects (CHD) at a single center in Bali, Indonesia over 2 years period.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, among 120 pediatric patients with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery, 92 patients met inclusion criteria in this study. The data were taken from medical records included demographic data, anthropometry, electrocardiography, surgical procedures, perioperative parameters, electrolyte levels, and management of postoperative arrhythmias.ResultsAmong 92 patients, 14 (15.2%) developed postoperative arrhythmias. Complete heart block (CHB) the most common arrhythmia, observed in five patients (35.7%), followed by supraventricular tachycardia three patients (21.4%). There were statistically significant differences between arrhythmia and nonarrhythmia groups for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration (171.23 vs. 108.01 min), aortic cross‐clamp duration (115.58 vs. 73.59 min), ischemia duration (106.33 vs. 65.43 min), and potassium level (3.33 vs. 3.88 mmol/L) with p < .05. Based on multivariate linear regression analysis, CPB time and potassium level were found to be independent risk factor.ConclusionsEarly postoperative arrhythmia observed 15.2% in this study, dominated by CHB. CPB duration, aortic cross‐clamping, ischemia time, and potassium level were statistically significantly different between arrhythmia and nonarrhythmia groups.
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome caused by novel UBR1 mutation in four Saudi patients
Authors: Noli Khalid , Aleysae Nabil , Alzahrani Ismail , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed , Alkazmi Mohammed , Almasoudi Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJohanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N‐Recognin1 (UBR1) gene mutations. It is characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, craniofacial deformities, sensorineural hearing loss, and a broad variety of intellectual disabilities. The aim of our study is to report four pediatric cases (three of which are siblings, and the fourth patient is unrelated) that presented some features of JBS. The cases have been confirmed by genetic testing to have mutations in the UBR1 gene. This case series study was conducted retrospectively, giving a detailed description of the demographic and clinical information of these four cases, and reflecting our experience with this subset of patients. All these cases have been treated at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and were identified by their clinical and laboratory markers that favor JBS. A novel homozygous missense mutation c.2075 T > C (p. lle692Thr) in exon 18 (UBR1: NM_174916.3) was identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all our cases outlined in this paper. These presented cases illustrate the phenotypic variability and complexity of JBS and the importance of physical examination to reach a diagnosis. The identified novel mutation in this study broadens the spectrum of UBR1 mutations that contribute to JBS.
Land use data can improve the accuracy of carbon emission spatial inversion model
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Yanjing , Bai Yuping , Teng Yanmin , Zhan Jinyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInvestigating the spatial distribution and correlation characteristics of carbon emissions would be conducive to the policy formulation for precise carbon emission spatial reduction. Firstly, a new carbon emission spatial inversion model was developed, incorporating nighttime light data and land use data. After verifying the validity and accuracy of the inversion results, the continuous carbon emission spatial data in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei Urban Agglomeration (BTHUA) were acquired from 2000 to 2019. Then, the spatial distribution and correlation characteristics were further analyzed in the BTHUA. Finally, policy recommendations were proposed for carbon emission reduction and urban sustainable development. The results showed that the built model can improve the accuracy of the carbon emission spatial inversion data. The carbon emissions were low in the northwest and high in the southeast of the BTHUA, with a noticeable expansion of the high carbon emission contiguous areas around Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and other prefecture‐level cities, which was consistent with the socioeconomic development pattern. The center of gravity of carbon emissions moved to the southeast, showing a relatively stable distribution. The spatial correlation degree of carbon emissions among cities gradually increased, with Beijing and Tianjin playing a prominent role. As a scientific tool, the spatial inversion model helps to produce more accurate spatial data. The results and conclusions can provide useful and scientific references for spatial analysis and regulation strategies of regional carbon emission reduction.
A new framework for estimating abundance of animals using a network of cameras
Authors: Magneville Camille , Brissaud Capucine , Fleuré Valentine , Loiseau Nicolas , Claverie Thomas , Villéger Sébastien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile many ecology studies require estimations of species abundance, doing so for mobile animals in an accurate, non‐invasive manner remains a challenge. One popular stopgap method involves the use of remote video‐based surveys using several cameras, but abundance estimates derived from this method are computed with conservative metrics (e.g., maxN computed as the maximum number of individuals seen simultaneously on a single video). We propose a novel methodological framework based on a remote‐camera network characterized by known positions and non‐overlapping field‐of‐views. This approach involves a temporal synchronization of videos and a maximal speed estimate for studied species. Such a design allows computing a new abundance metric called Synchronized maxN (SmaxN). We provide a proof‐of‐concept of this approach with a network of nine remote underwater cameras that recorded fish for three periods of 1 h on a fringing reef in Mayotte (Western Indian Ocean). We found that abundance estimation with SmaxN yielded up to four times higher values than maxN among the six fish species studied. SmaxN performed better with an increasing number of cameras or longer recordings. We also found that using a network of synchronized cameras for a short time period performed better than using a few cameras for a long duration. The SmaxN algorithm can be applied to many video‐based approaches. We built an open‐sourced R package to encourage its use by ecologists and managers using video‐based censuses, as well as to allow for replicability with SmaxN metric.
Photonic Synaptic Transistor with Memory Mode Switching for Neuromorphic Visual System
Authors: Han Chao , Han Jiayue , He Meiyu , Han Xingwei , Wu Zhiming , Yu He , Gou Jun , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe human retina is able to extract key feature information from a large amount of redundant visual information, which is the basis for efficient information processing in the human visual system. However, current retina‐inspired photonic synaptic devices lack fast noise filtering capabilities, limiting the speed of image preprocessing in neuromorphic visual systems. Here, a photonic synaptic transistor (PST) based on graphene/organic heterojunction that exhibits high photosensitivity and optically tunable synaptic characteristics from visible to near‐infrared (488–1310 nm) is demonstrated. The PST enables light‐intensity‐controlled memory‐free and long‐memory mode switching, allowing to achieve fast image noise filtering in a PST‐based vision sensor (processing times as low as 30 ms). In addition, image recognition in an artificial neural network connected by the PST, and the efficiency and accuracy of image recognition can be significantly improved by performing image noise filtering at the front‐end is demonstrated. This work provides the potential to improve the information processing speed of bio‐inspired neuromorphic visual systems and contribute to the development of machine vision applications.
Unraveling the role of M1 macrophage and CXCL9 in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy through multicohort analysis and single‐cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Yu Yunfang , Chen Haizhu , Ouyang Wenhao , Zeng Jin , Huang Hong , Mao Luhui , Jia Xueyuan , Guan Taihua , Wang Zehua , Lin Ruichong , Huang Zhenjun , Yin Hanqi , Yao Herui , Zhang Kang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe exact function of M1 macrophages and CXCL9 in forecasting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still not thoroughly investigated. We investigated the potential of M1 macrophage and C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9) as predictive markers for ICI efficacy, employing a comprehensive approach integrating multicohort analysis and single‐cell RNA sequencing. A significant correlation between high M1 macrophage and improved overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) was found. M1 macrophage expression was most pronounced in the immune‐inflamed phenotype, aligning with increased expression of immune checkpoints. Furthermore, CXCL9 was identified as a key marker gene that positively correlated with M1 macrophage and response to ICIs, while also exhibiting associations with immune‐related pathways and immune cell infiltration. Additionally, through exploring RNA epigenetic modifications, we identified Apolipoprotein B MRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3G (APOBEC3G) as linked to ICI response, with high expression correlating with improved OS and immune‐related pathways. Moreover, a novel model based on M1 macrophage, CXCL9, and APOBEC3G‐related genes was developed using multi‐level attention graph neural network, which showed promising predictive ability for ORR. This study illuminates the pivotal contributions of M1 macrophages and CXCL9 in shaping an immune‐active microenvironment, correlating with enhanced ICI efficacy. The combination of M1 macrophage, CXCL9, and APOBEC3G provides a novel model for predicting clinical outcomes of ICI therapy, facilitating personalized immunotherapy.
Host‐country terrorism and outward foreign direct investment location choice of Chinese multinational firms: The moderating roles of state ownership and immigrant influence
Authors: Su Dongwei , Zhan Yun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study employs a novel approach based on real options theory to explore how host‐country terrorism influences the location decisions of companies seeking to invest overseas. Using data for publicly listed firms in China that engaged in outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) between 2008 and 2020, this paper reveals that the severity of host‐country terrorism negatively affects the flow of OFDI from Chinese firms to that specific country. Notably, this adverse impact of host‐country terrorism on OFDI is less pronounced for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) compared to non‐SOEs. Furthermore, the extent of immigrant presence in the host country acts as a mitigating factor against the negative influence of host‐country terrorism on firms' OFDI decisions. A significant contribution of this article is its pioneering examination of the intricate connection between extreme risks such as host‐country terrorism and the firm‐level OFDI location choices. The insights derived from this study can play a crucial role in assisting companies in bolstering their strategies for risk mitigation and security when venturing into foreign markets. Beyond its practical implications, the findings also hold theoretical value, offering a deeper understanding of how a country can maintain a resilient and diversified international economic order, fostering stable trade relationships, and facilitating high‐level engagement with the global economy.
Design and analysis of a freeform surface lens coupler applied in hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber resonant optic gyros
Authors: Fan Wen , Bi Ran , Shen Heliang , She Xuan , Chen Kan , Chen Xingfan , Shu Xiaowu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel freeform surface lens coupler is designed to realize the coupling functions in the hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) resonator optical gyroscope. One surface of the lens is an ellipsoid. Coupling of the two HCPCF loop's ports can be directly accomplished via reflection on the ellipsoid surface. The other surface of the lens is the Biconic Zernike surface. Transmitting through the above two surfaces, the coupling between the intracavity and extracavity is completed. In this paper, simulations were performed based on two types of HCPCFs, a hollow‐core photonic bandgap fiber of HC19‐1550 and a state‐of‐the‐art nested antiresonant nodeless fiber. The volume of the lens coupler is calculated to be approximately 4 × 2 × 4 mm3. The simulation results show that the intracavity coupling loss can be as low as 0.011 dB, and the coupling loss between the intracavity and extracavity can be as low as 0.4 dB. Compared with the traditional fusion scheme between hollow‐core fiber and polarization‐maintaining fiber, the freeform surface lens coupler in this paper can achieve lower coupling loss and higher resonance fineness. Compared with other spatial coupling schemes, it has lower coupling loss and fewer coupling components.
Cardiac atrial pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Greiner Eleanor , Breaux Andrea , Kasten Jennifer , Seo JangDong , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Spar David , Ryan Thomas D. , Lang Sean M. , Tian Cuixia , Sawnani Hemant , Villa Chet R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by fibrofatty replacement of muscle. This has been documented in the ventricular myocardium of DMD patients, but there is limited description of atrial involvement. The purpose of this study is to examine the arrhythmia and ectopy burden in patients with DMD and non‐DMD dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to characterize the cardiac histopathologic changes in DMD patients across the disease spectrum.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of age‐matched patients with DMD and non‐DMD DCM who received a Holter monitor and cardiac imaging within 100 days of each other between 2010 and 2020. Twenty‐four‐hour Holter monitors were classified based on the most recent left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of monitoring. Cardiac histopathologic specimens from whole‐heart examinations at the time of autopsy from three DMD patients and one DCM patient were reviewed.ResultsA total of 367 patients with 1299 Holter monitor recordings were included over the study period, with 94% representing DMD patients and 6% non‐DMD DCM. Patients with DMD had more atrial ectopy across the cardiac function spectrum (p < 0.05). There was no difference in ventricular ectopy. Four DMD patients developed symptomatic atrial arrhythmias. Autopsy specimens from DMD patients demonstrated fibrofatty infiltration of both atrial and ventricular myocardium.DiscussionThe atrial myocardium in patients with DMD is unique. Autopsy specimens reveal fibofatty replacement of the atrial myocardium, which may be a nidus for both ectopy and arrhythmias in DMD patients.
Prevalence, factors and early outcomes of frailty among hospitalized older patients with valvular heart disease: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Shen Zhiyun , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Daxin , Lv Jiaying , Huang Chenxu , Chen Yihong , Zhang Yuxia , Lin Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the prevalence of, and factors related to frailty, together with early clinical outcomes, in hospitalized older patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) in China.DesignA prospective observational cohort study was conducted.MethodsA validated prospective survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of frailty, factors associated with it, and early clinical outcomes in hospitalized older patients with VHD, utilizing Fried's criterion. A total of 207 consecutive participants aged 65 years and older who underwent cardiac surgery were included in the study, spanning from September 2021 to December 2021.ResultsFrailty was detected in 78 patients (37.7%). Patients with multimorbidity, a New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of III/IV, or masticatory dysfunction had a greater incidence of frailty (p < 0.05). Patients with a normal albumin level and a higher frequency of exercise had a lower incidence of frailty (p < 0.05). Patients with frailty had longer hospital and intensive care unit stays and greater hospitalization costs than did those without frailty (p < 0.05). The 30‐day adverse event rate of the frail group was also greater (11.5% vs. 3.1%). Therefore, early screening for conditions such as multimorbidity, cardiac dysfunction, and hypoalbuminemia is urgently needed to effectively address frailty, as it has been linked to unfavourable early outcomes. Moreover, promoting exercise and improving masticatory function and nutrition are crucial for preventing and managing frailty in older patients with VHD.
Provisioning services decline for both people and Critically Endangered wildlife in a rainforest transformation landscape
Authors: Kling Katherine J. , Eppley Timothy M. , Markham A. Catherine , Wright Patricia C. , Razafindrapaoly Be Noel , Delox Rajaona , Rasolofoniaina Be Jean Rodolph , Randriamanetsy Jeanne Mathilde , Elison Pascal , Andriamahaihavana McAntonin , Gibson Dean , Rasamisoa Delaïd Claudin , Razafindramanana Josia , Vasey Natalie , Daniels Carter W. , Borgerson Cortni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The loss and degradation of forests and other ecosystems worldwide threaten both global biodiversity and the livelihoods of people who use natural resources. Understanding how natural resource use impacts landscape provisioning services for both people and wildlife is thus critical for designing comprehensive resource management strategies.

We used data from community focus groups, botanical plots and an inventory of plant species consumed by the Critically Endangered red‐ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra) to assess the availability of key provisioning services for people and endemic wildlife on the Masoala Peninsula, a rainforest transformation landscape, in northeastern Madagascar (Masoala National Park and 13 surrounding communities).

We constructed Poisson regression mixed models to evaluate the impact of community factors (i.e. community population size, plot distance to community) and changes over time on the count and species richness of timber trees, medicinal plants and red‐ruffed lemur food trees within botanical plots.

Over three‐quarters of all plant species could be used for at least one purpose by local communities (n = 238 species). Of the 59 V. rubra food tree species, only 15% had no reported human use.

Timber and ruffed lemur food tree availability declined both with community population size and time and were predicted to be lower outside of Masoala National Park. In contrast, medicinal plant availability was not strongly predicted by any tested factors. Provisioning service availability also differed strongly across sites, suggesting that additional, untested proxies of human pressure likely also have an effect.

Our results highlight the importance of evaluating natural resource availability from a community‐based perspective and by resource purpose to inform forest landscape restoration efforts that can support both people and wildlife.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Patient experiences with prenatal cell‐free DNA screening in a safety net setting
Authors: Riggan Kirsten A. , Barwise Amelia , Yap Jane Q. , Condon Niamh , Allyse Megan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThirty‐five states, including Florida, now cover cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening of fetuses for all pregnant patients enrolled in state public insurance programs. We interviewed Black and Hispanic obstetric patients at a safety net clinic in Florida shortly after the state rolled out cfDNA as a first‐tier screening method for publicly insured patients.MethodsBlack and Hispanic patients receiving prenatal care from a prenatal or maternal fetal medicine clinic at a federally qualified health center in Jacksonville, FL were invited to participate in a qualitative interview in English or Spanish to explore experiences and perceptions of prenatal cfDNA screening. Participants were recruited following their first prenatal visit when cfDNA is typically introduced. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for iterative themes based on principles of grounded theory.ResultsOne hundred Black and Hispanic patients (n = 51 non‐Hispanic Black, n = 43 Hispanic, n = 3 Hispanic Black, n = 3 Not Reported/Other) completed an interview. Participants described minimal opportunity for pre‐screening counseling and limited health literacy about cfDNA or its uses. Some believed that cfDNA could positively impact pregnancy health. Many were unsure if they had received cfDNA even though they were aware of the information provided by it. Most participants expressed an interest in cfDNA as a means for early detection of fetal sex and as an additional indication of general fetal health.ConclusionsPatient experiences indicate limited informed consent and decision‐making for cfDNA, discordant with professional guidelines on pre‐screen counseling. Our findings suggest that there should be additional investment in implementing cfDNA in safety net settings to ensure that patients and providers receive the support necessary for effective patient counseling and follow‐on care for the ethical implementation of cfDNA.
Mediators of change in psychological interventions for adult offenders with personality disorders: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Short Roxanna , Jolliffe Darrick , Carter Ben , Campbell Colin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOffenders with personality disorder cause disproportionate harm to society and pose significant challenges for those responsible for their care and rehabilitation. Personality disorders are heterogeneous in terms of symptoms, as well as their pathways to offending behaviour. Thus, there is limited evidence regarding effective interventions. One solution might be to focus on how interventions are delivered as well as what is delivered. Within the non‐offender personality disorder literature, the identification of potential mediators of change has enabled interventions to focus on ‘how’ they are delivered (e.g., therapeutic alliance) rather than the intervention itself. We explore the evidence and present a scoping review of the available literature on the mechanisms of change in psychological treatments for offenders with personality disorder. Only one study was found in the scoping review, highlighting a significant gap in the evidence base. We discuss the implications of this finding and potential future directions.