bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Causes of Stripe Black Spot Defects in Hot-Dip Galvanized Strip of Thin Slab Continuous Casting and Rolling Production Line
Authors: Wang Jiangong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
After the thin slab continuous casting and rolling production line of a domestic steel plant was put into operation, with the vigorous development of hot-dip galvanized products, the strip blackening defect on the surface became more prominent. After hot-dip galvanizing, the coil had a certain spacing of strip black spot defects on the surface, which could not meet the needs of high-end users and restricted the improvement of the manufacturing capacity of the headless production line.Therefore, this article uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), three-dimensional profilometer, and optical microscope (OM) to study the microscopic characteristics and causes of black spot defects on the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel. There are a large number of oxidized black spots on the surface of the stripe black area. The zinc layer thickness of the cross-section at the blackened area is smaller than that of the normal area, and the secondary dendrites inside the zinc layer at the blackened area are not well-developed in the normal area. The surface roughness Ra and Rt of the blackened position in the three-dimensional morphology display show significant differences from the normal position. Electron microscopy observation shows that the grain size of the substrate at the blackened area is different from that at the normal area after removing the zinc layer, which is the direct cause of the final surface showing stripe black spot defects. By optimizing the heating temperature uniformity of the IH on the thin slab continuous casting and rolling production line, the stripe black spot defects were ultimately eliminated.
Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanism of Transverse Crack Formation in 15CrMoG Water-cooled Walls
Authors: Li Ye , Pei Yang , Zhao Yue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, during the maintenance of 660MW ultra-supercritical boiler water walls, it has been discovered that large-scale surface transverse cracks have developed on the fire-facing tubes within specific regions, posing considerable safety hazards to the boiler’s operation. This paper conducts mathematical modeling of a water wall panel and specific tubes in a unit, simulating the following scenarios: the influence of the soot-blowing process on the stress distribution within the water wall; the stress response when significant temperature gradients exist within a specific panel; and the extent of stress peak changes when abnormal heat exchange occurs due to local blockage or coking of the water wall. The results indicate that while the soot-blowing process affects the stress distribution, the maximum stress values in the tube wall change relatively little. However, when abnormal heat transfer occurs in the tubes, the thermal stress peaks increase sharply, significantly impacting the formation of transverse cracks in the tube wall and potentially even causing short-term overheating and bursting of the tubes.
The Application of SEM Test Technology in Full-graded Concrete’s Long Age Alkali Reactivity Test Research in A Hydropower Station
Authors: Shao Xiaomei , Zhang Liang , Zhou Lu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper is based on the study of the sandstone aggregate alkali reactivity in a large hydropower station in China, with full consideration to the engineering practice creatively carries out the long age simulation experiment of full-graded and mass volume concrete Alkali aggregate’s reaction, using SEM test technology and combining with existing alkali aggregate reaction assessment system, studies aggregate alkali activity inhibition effect of long-term effectiveness. The results of the study include that using the SEM test technology in the long aged tests of full-graded concrete alkali aggregate reaction in a hydropower station can obviously observe the characteristics of reaction products that react in the active alkali-aggregate reaction aggregate interface, learn about its active alkali-aggregate reaction in semi-quantitative degree, and predict trends of concrete deterioration.
Finite Element Method-Based Safety Assessment of a Gas Pipeline with Bulge Defect
Authors: Xiang Zhi , Tang Xiatao , Liu Quanbing , Chen Yin , Wang Zhongyan , Li Jintao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A safety assessment was conducted on a natural gas pipeline tee section containing a bulge defect. Geometric data of the bulge were sampled to establish a finite element model of the defective pipe section for stress analysis, which was compared to a defect-free model. The load-bearing capacity of the defective section was predicted using conventional design and analytical design methods, respectively. The results showed that under the design pressure, the maximum stress in the defective section was 71% of the allowable stress, indicating a safe stress level. The bulge did not increase local stresses, suggesting a limited impact on the load-bearing capacity. The defective section could withstand pressures exceeding the design pressure, with the analytical design method yielding a significantly higher predicted value.
Preparation of nano-TiO2 by Biological Template Method and Its Visible Light Catalytic Performance
Authors: Cao Jiayi , Yang Yihong , Li Wanpeng , Zhan Zhixing , Liu Yuyi , Li Li , Peng Fuchang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using tetrabutyl titanate as the titanium raw material and kapok flower core as the biological template, KBT-TiO2 samples with special morphology were prepared by a simple sol-gel process. The KBT-TiO2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis and other techniques. Taking the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a probe reaction, the visible light catalytic performance of different TiO2 samples was studied. The influence of calcination temperature and sample dosage on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 were explored. The results showed that compared with the samples (pure-TiO2) synthesized by the non-template method, KBT-TiO2 samples retained and inherited the biological relic structure of the kapok flower core. Due to special morphology, the dispersion of KBT-TiO2 is improving, and its specific surface area is increased, it is beneficial to improving the visible light catalytic performance of the samples. As the calcination temperature increases, the catalytic performance of the sample first increases and then decreases. When the calcination temperature is 550°C, the calcination time is 3 hours, the initial concentration of MB is 10 mg·L−1 the sample input is 0.2 g, the photocatalytic performance of KBT-TiO2 samples reaches a maximum of 98.6%. The apparent first-order kinetic constant of the photocatalytic degradation of MB of KBT-TiO2 is 1.8 times that of pure-TiO2.
Localized Corrosion Behavior of T2 Copper and H62 Brass in NaCl Solution for Semiconductor Applications: An Electrochemical Study Using Wire Beam Electrode
Authors: Pan Chengqun , Zhang Tingxuan , Xing Yidan , Chen Chuan , Zhu Shan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
T2 copper and H62 brass are widely used in semiconductor applications, particularly in interconnects and packaging components of integrated circuits. With increasing demands for performance and reliability, the corrosion resistance of these materials, especially in saline environments, becomes critical. Localized corrosion can significantly reduce electrical conductivity, impacting the long-term reliability of semiconductor devices. This study investigates the localized corrosion behavior of T2 copper and H62 brass in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using the wire beam electrode (WBE) technique. Electrochemical measurements, including potential, current density, and localized corrosion intensity (LP), were conducted over varying immersion times. Results show that T2 copper exhibits superior corrosion resistance and lower localized corrosion sensitivity compared to H62 brass, which shows more pronounced corrosion, particularly at the electrode edges. As immersion time increases, H62 brass exhibits higher potential differences and LP values. These findings highlight the impact of localized corrosion on the conductivity of copper alloys and underscore the importance of selecting materials with enhanced corrosion resistance for semiconductor applications.
Evaluation of River Ecosystem Service Function Value Based on Emergy Analysis
Authors: Han Zifen , Zhang Yunyun , Shu Chaojiang , Zhu Hongyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evaluating the value of river ecosystem services can provide a theoretical basis and data support for the ecological protection and development of related watersheds in the survey region. Taking Gansu Province as an example, combined with the characteristics of river ecosystem services in Gansu Province, its river ecosystem service functions are classified into 5 categories at the first level and 15 categories at the second level, and an energy value assessment model is established to assess the value of river ecosystem services in Gansu Province in the years of abundance, flatness, depletion and typical hydrological years. The results show that: the energy value of river ecosystem services in Gansu Province is 902.84×1021 sej, 846.91×1021 sej, and 797.35×1021 sej in abundant, flat, and dry water years respectively, and the annual energy value currency is 197.13×1010 rmb, 184.91×1010 rmb and 174.09×1010 rmb respectively, and the ordering is High flow year > Mean water year > Low flow year. Mean water year > Low flow year, indicating that river flow has a greater impact on the value of river ecosystem services; Fresh water supply, ecological security, ecological regulation service function energy value, and monetary value in each hydrological year accounted for a large proportion, indicating that the ecological service function of rivers in Gansu Province is mainly manifested in the above three aspects, and material production and cultural recreation accounted for a relatively small proportion.
Experimental Study on Coal Ash to Improve Southern Paddy Field
Authors: Liu Pinyi , Bai Ling , Wen Yangping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of a small dosage of pulverized coal ash on the improvement of rice paddies in southern China, the rice paddies in the suburban county of Nanchang City were taken as the research object, and the control group was set up. The effects of two kinds of pulverized coal ash on rice growth yield and straw length under different particle sizes and dosages were observed. The results showed that pulverized coal ash could change the pH value of cultivated soil in a short time. When the same amount of granular ash was added (e.g. 1.94kg/m2), the yield increase rate of rice was small granular ash (47.5%) > medium granular ash (35%) > large granular ash (15%). The yield increase of brown ash residue was higher than that of black ash residue. The effect of ash and slag on straw length is similar to that of rice yield. The increase in rice yield from 0.49kg/m2 to 0.86kg/m2 was greater than that from 0.86kg/m2 to 1.94kg/m2. The results of SEM, IR, and XRD analysis showed that the soil surface porosity was improved by ash.
Analysis of the Impact of Vibro-Compaction on Pore Water Pressure in Coral Sand Strata
Authors: Xu Xiong , Xiao Can 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of pore water pressure during the vibro-compaction stone column construction in coral reef sand strata. Field tests were conducted at a port project in a Southeast Asian country to monitor the pore water pressure during construction. The study focuses on the impact of vibro-compaction on pore water pressure in coral sand strata at different depths, radial distances, and under various vertical drainage conditions. Results show that the greatest pore water pressure changes occur during the drilling stage, with the area closest to the vibro-compaction head experiencing the highest pressure. The peak excess pore water pressure significantly affects existing stone columns. The liquefaction characteristics of coral reef layers are closely related to the surrounding drainage conditions.
Optimization of ICP-MS Method for Determination of Praseodymium (Pr) in Vegetables
Authors: Huang Guangjun , Zhang Xiuhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Taking praseodymium (Pr) in vegetables as the research object, the microwave digestion/graphite digestion pretreatment methods of Pr in vegetables were compared. Combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the influence of microwave digestion and graphite digestion sampling amount, digestion time, digestion temperature, carrier gas flow rate of ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, torch position and other factors on the determination results was investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment as follows: sample volume 0.5 g, digestion temperature 120°C, microwave digestion time 30 min, carrier gas flow 1.001 L/min, torch tube position -1.840 mm. The reliability of the optimized method was verified. The detection limit changed from 0.09177 ug/kg to 0.06043 ug/kg, the linear regression coefficient increased from 0.09990 to 0.999972, and the recovery rate increased from 95.7% to 109.6% to 96.0% to 106.9%.
Convolutional neural network-based neutron and gamma discrimination in EJ-276 for low-energy detection
Authors: Shen Fengzhao , Li Tao , He Jingkui , Xie Shenghui , Wei Yuehuan , Huang Tuchen , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Organic scintillators are important in advancing nuclear
detection and particle physics experiments. Achieving a high
signal-to-noise ratio necessitates efficient pulse shape
discrimination techniques to accurately distinguish between
neutrons, gamma rays, and other particles within scintillator
detectors. Although traditional charge comparison methods perform
adequately for ∼MeVee particles, their efficacy is
significantly reduced in the lower energy region (<200 keVee).
This paper introduces a particle identification method that
harnesses the power of a convolutional neural network. We focused on
the convolutional neural network's exceptional ability to
discriminate between neutrons and gamma rays in the low-energy
spectrum, utilizing a setup comprising a plastic scintillator EJ-276
and Silicon photomultiplier readout. Our findings reveal remarkable
accuracies of 97.3% and 98.6% in the 0 ∼ 100 keVee and
100 ∼ 200 keVee energy ranges, respectively. These results
represent substantial improvements of 13.8% and 4.25% over
conventional methods. The enhanced discrimination power of the
convolutional neural network method opens new frontiers for the
application of organic scintillation detectors in low-energy rare
event searches, including dark matter and neutrino detection.
Corrigendum: Current statistics in the q-boson zero range process (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 53 365203)
Authors: Trofimova A A , Povolotsky A M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The was a typo in the exact result for the finite-size diffusion coefficient: sign change omitted for the case q > 1 compared to

|
q

|

<
1

case, which also propagated to the asymptotic results. We corrected both exact and asymptotic formulas.
Consumers’ awareness and perception of the potential risks of minimally processed food consumption
Authors: Fenton Ricky , Ervina Ervina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Consumption of minimally processed food (MPF) poses a high risk of potential contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumers’ awareness and the risk of consumption of MPF. In addition, the influence of age on MPF perceptions was also measured. A total of 114 participants (mean age 22.3 ± 6.21, 44% male and 56% female) were involved and completed the questionnaire regarding their perception of certain types of MPFs. The Pearson correlation shows a significant and negative correlation between consumers’ awareness of MPF risk with the consumption of raw eggs (r=-0.258). The results revealed that raw vegetables were the safest MPF to be consumed. The participants with low awareness of the risk of MPF consumption tended to have a perception that raw eggs and raw seafood were more nutritious because it was minimally processed. The results also show a significant influence of age on consumers’ perception of MPF indicating that the older the age, the more aware they were towards MPF consumption, especially for raw eggs (p-value=0.037), raw vegetables (p-value=0.016), and raw seafood (p-value=0.021). This study exhibits the findings about consumers’ perceptions of MPFs and emphasizes the effect of age on MPF consumption that can be used for further development of food safety regulations
Quality evaluation of the combination of Porang flour and Telang flower extract as natural preservatives and antioxidants in extending the shelf of wet noodles
Authors: Elimasni  , Pratama Rizky Yudha , Nurwahyuni Isnaini , Syamsuardi  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The shift in Indonesian dietary patterns from high-fiber foods to low-fiber foods with a high glycemic index, such as wet noodle products made from wheat flour, can lead to various degenerative diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, high cholesterol, colon cancer, and hemorrhoids. Therefore, the diversification of food products, particularly local food products, through the substitution of indigenous flours, is essential. Porang tubers, rich in starch and carbohydrates, have the potential to serve as a staple food ingredient, replacing wheat flour and serving as a primary ingredient for noodles. One of the challenges associated with wet noodles is their short shelf life due to their high water content, which makes them susceptible to contamination by microorganisms such as viruses, molds, yeasts, and bacteria. To extend the shelf life of wet noodles, the use of natural preservatives is a potential solution. Telang flowers, rich in bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and other aromatic compounds, can inhibit microbial growth. The addition of Telang flower extract to wet noodles is expected to enhance their functional value, antioxidant content, and shelf life. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of adding Porang flour and Telang flower extract on the nutritional value and quality of the resulting wet noodles. The benefits of this research include supporting government programs by reducing wheat flour consumption and utilizing local food ingredients as substitutes for wheat flour while extending the shelf life of wet noodles. The chemical parameters observed include the highest proximate test in the P2T3 treatment (20% Porang Flour + 45% Telang Flower Extract) with the following results: ash content 1.94%, protein content 7.71%, fat content 4.65%, moisture content 31.29%, and antioxidant activity 63.08%.
Enhancement of tensile properties in chitosan/ poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylonitrile) polymer electrolyte membranes via ammonium chloride doping
Authors: Thoriq Al Fath M. , Michael  , Tjandra Thiodorus Marvin , Samosir Rosma Natalia , Raphita Hasibuan Gina Cynthia , Dalimunthe Nisaul Fadilah , Sidabutar Rivaldi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The pursuit of sustainable energy sources as alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels has garnered significant attention to address energy deficiencies. Various renewable energy conversion technologies have been developed, among which polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) have emerged as a promising solution for gradual replacement of petroleum resource. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from black soldier fly has attracted considerable interest in PEM development due to its natural abundance and biodegradability. This study investigates the incorporation of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as a dopant to enhance the tensile properties of chitosan-based PEMs fabricated via the solvent-casting method. Varying concentrations of NH4Cl (0 g, 0.3 g, 0.6 g, 0.9 g, 1.2 g) were introduced with PVA/PAN (20:80 w/w) and cast onto petri dishes. Results indicated that tensile strength reached a maximum value of 6.468±0.091 MPa at 0.9 g NH4Cl, approximately double that of the pristine membrane. Elongation at break achieved a maximum value of 12.267±0.344% at 0.6 g NH4Cl. FTIR confirmed the presence of all components and successful blending. SEM imaging confirmed the interconnection in the 0.9 g NH4Cl-incorporated membrane. This study demonstrates NH4Cl’s potential as an effective dopant for enhancing chitosan-based PEM mechanical properties, promising advancements in high-performance, environmentally friendly energy storage materials.
Effect of using three bamboo species as surface layer in hybrid particleboard (HPb)
Authors: Nabila  , Iswanto Apri Heri , Hakim Luthfi , Fatriasari Widya , Ramadhani Cici , Sucipto Tito , Rahandi Lubis Muhammad Adly , Rogoziński Tomasz , Kim Nam Hum 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In general, the weakness of particle board is its low strength. This research aims to increase the strength of particle board through modification of particle board in the form of hybrid particleboard (HPb). In this research, HPb was made using Cotylelobium melanoxylon for the core layer and Gigantochloa pruriens, Bambusa vulgaris, and Gigantochloa atroviolacea as the surface layer. Hybrid particleboard was made measuring 25 x 25 cm2 with a target thickness and density of 1 cm and 0.75 g/cm3 respectively. The adhesive used is isocyanate at a content of 7% with a coating ratio of 40/20/40. The board pressing process uses a hot press at a temperature of 160 °C, a pressing time of 5 minutes, and a pressure of 30 kg/cm2. The research results show that the physical properties of hybrid particleboard include density and thickness swelling, respectively, ranging between 0.68 to 0.77 gr/cm3, and 7.25 to 10.27%. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of sandwich particleboard which include modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture range between 43,460 to 97,485 kg/cm2 and 337 to 710 kg/cm2 respectively. The results of the termite resistance test showed that the resulting boards had a poor to medium resistance range.
A Review of diospyros species: antibacterial and antifungal compounds, microbiome interactions, and pathogen dynamics
Authors: Sulastri Dwi , Hartati  , Khairina Yeni , Christita Margaretta , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Iswanto  , Simarmata Rumella , Restu Muh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diospyros is one of the largest genera in the Ebenaceae family. The genus has a wide range of applications, including for edible fruits, valuable wood, and decorative uses. Its extractive compounds have an important role in the durability and disease resistance of ebony wood. Some Diospyros species are endangered, and several diseases have emerged that require integrated pest management and sustainable cultivation measures. This study focuses on research on Diospyros species in Indonesia, their use in wood production, antibacterial and antifungal compounds, interactions of Diospyros species with microbiome communities, and Diospyros pathogens and diseases. The information in this study will provide opportunities for other researchers to conduct further research related to the utilization of secondary metabolite compounds from Diospyros as medicinal products and natural pesticides.