bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of Cu precipitation in neutron irradiated Fe‐Cu alloys
Authors: Xu Qiu , Yoshiie Toshimasa , Sato Koichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe formation of Cu precipitates was investigated in two Fe‐Cu binary model alloys irradiated with fission neutrons at doses from 1.6×10–4 to 6×10–3 dpa (displacement per atom) at temperatures from 473 to 723 K. The results of coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) measurements indicated that Cu precipitates formed in all cases. Microvoids formed at low temperatures of 473 and 573 K, but they were not identified at high temperatures of 673 and 723 K. At low temperatures (≤573 K), although Cu precipitates formed by vacancy migration, the growth of precipitates was mainly dominated by the formation of microvoids. At high temperatures (≥673 K), however, Cu precipitates formed directly by vacancy migration. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positron microscopic analysis of crack failure in stainless steels
Authors: Yu R. S. , Maekawa M. , Miwa Y. , Hirade T. , Nishimura A. , Kawasuso A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEmploying a focused positron beam with a lateral resolution of approximately 30 μm, we performed two dimensional scanning studies of stainless steels with stress corrosion cracking (SCC). A stainless steel with fatigued crack was also measured for comparison. Results suggest a quite unique failure mechanism for the specimen with SCC. In contrast to normal crack propagation effect associated with vacancies and dislocations, smaller Doppler broadening line shape (S) parameters were observed around the SCC crack tip than those corresponding to the undamaged area. It could be ascribed to some chemical influences, like oxidation, took place at grain boundaries. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the summer season
Authors: Feldstein Steven B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examines the dynamical characteristics of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) life cycle for the summer season. The diagnostic techniques, which use NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data, include composites of the 300 hPa stream function, a projection analysis with each term in the stream‐function tendency equation, and composites of potential temperature on the 2 PVU potential‐vorticity surface.For both phases, the NAO life cycles take about two weeks to complete. The NAO anomalies are found to be driven by both high‐frequency (period < 10 days) and low‐frequency (period > 10 days) transient eddy vorticity fluxes. The decay of the NAO is accomplished by both low‐frequency transient eddy vorticity fluxes and horizontal divergence. The breaking of synoptic‐scale waves is found to play a crucial role during the summer NAO life cycle. For the positive NAO phase, the southern centre of action of the dipole arises from anticyclonic wave‐breaking, and the northern centre of action from anticyclonic wave‐breaking followed by trough intensification. For the negative NAO phase, both centres of action develop from cyclonic wave‐breaking. These characteristics are very similar to those for the NAO life cycle during the winter season, the primary differences being the weaker anomalies, shorter zonal and meridional scales, and less intense wave‐breaking of the summer NAO. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Bias estimation of Doppler‐radar radial‐wind observations
Authors: Salonen K. , Järvinen H. , Eresmaa R. , Niemelä S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDoppler radars provide measurements of the radar radial wind component at high spatial and temporal resolution. The variational data‐assimilation framework enables direct use of these measurements in numerical weather prediction models. Bias estimation of Doppler‐radar radial winds requires special attention because of the azimuthal scanning strategy. Calculation of the bias statistic over all azimuthal directions results in a near‐zero value even in the presence of systematic differences between the measured and modelled wind speed and direction. This paper describes a method for bias estimation of Doppler‐radar radial‐wind observations. Intercomparison between the estimated biases of Doppler‐radar and radiosonde wind observations reveals that the wind speed and direction biases are of comparable magnitude. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Photoactivated excited states of DNA repair photolyase: Dynamical and semiempircal identification
Authors: Zheng Xuehe , Ly Ngan M. , Stuchebrukhov Alexei A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDNA damage caused by UV light radiation is often naturally repaired in a process initiated by excited state electron transfer from the photoactivated photolyase enzyme to the DNA cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion. The active cofactor in the excited state electron transfer in the photolyase is the two‐electron fully reduced form of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH−). To calculate electron tunneling matrix element and model the DNA binding with photolyase, the LUMO of the FADH− calculated using extended Huckel method was previously chosen from the SCF wavefunctions. Recently, the DNA–photolyase complex was crystallized in its bound form, in good agreement with our previous model in even minute details at the active site. Here we carry out molecular dynamics simulation of the entire complex using the new experimental structure of Anacystis nidulans and identify the low‐lying photoactivated states of the enzyme for the dynamical confirmations. Our results from ZINDO/S CIS calculations are compared with experimental UV spectra, and their implications for excited state electron transfer and energy transfer are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
A reduction paradigm for output regulation
Authors: Celani F. , Isidori A. , Marconi L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to provide a reduction paradigm for the design of output regulators which can be of interest for nonlinear as well as linear uncertain systems. The main motivation of the work is to provide a systematic design tool to deal with non‐minimum‐phase uncertain systems for which conventional high‐gain stabilization methods are not effective. The contribution of the work is two‐fold. First, this work extends a previous reduction paradigm for output regulation of nonlinear systems. Furthermore, in the case of the uncertain controlled dynamics being linear, we show how the proposed framework leads to a number of systematic design tools of interest for non‐minimum‐phase linear systems affected by severe uncertainties. A numerical control example of a linearized model of an inverted pendulum on a cart is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved algorithms for the random cluster graph model
Authors: Shamir Ron , Tsur Dekal 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe model noisy clustering data using random graphs: Clusters correspond to disjoint sets of vertices. Two vertices from the same set (resp., different sets) share an edge with probability p (resp., r < p). We give algorithms that reconstruct the clusters from the graph with high probability. Compared to previous studies, our algorithms have lower time complexity and apply under wider parameter range. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Microfabrication and imaging XPS analysis of ITO thin films
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Gaoyang , Zhi Xiao , Zhu Tao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper the microfabrication of ITO (tin‐doped indium oxide) films by the sol–gel process combined with chemical modification is presented. The microfabricated ITO thin film could be obtained through a one‐step process that combines film patterning with film leaching. The morphology and chemical components of the patterned ITO thin films were assessed by microscopy and XPS, respectively. Imaging XPS analysis is an effective way to evaluate the quality of the fine patterning. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian analysis of doubly censored data using a hierarchical Cox model
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chaloner Kathryn , Cowles Mary Kathryn , Zhang Ying , Stapleton Jack T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo common statistical problems in pooling survival data from several studies are addressed. The first problem is that the data are doubly censored in that the origin is interval censored and the endpoint event may be right censored. Two approaches to incorporate the uncertainty of interval‐censored origins are developed, and then compared with more usual analyses using imputation of a single fixed value for each origin. The second problem is that the data are collected from multiple studies and it is likely that heterogeneity exists among the study populations. A random‐effects hierarchical Cox proportional hazards model is therefore used.The scientific problem motivating this work is a pooled survival analysis of data sets from three studies to examine the effect of GB virus type C (GBV‐C) coinfection on survival of HIV‐infected individuals. The time of HIV infection is the origin and for each subject this time is unknown, but is known to lie later than the last time at which the subject was known to be HIV negative, and earlier than the first time the subject was known to be HIV positive. The use of an approximate Bayesian approach using the partial likelihood as the likelihood is recommended because it more appropriately incorporates the uncertainty of interval‐censored HIV infection times. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects of γ‐Tocotrienol and Statin Treatment on Mammary Tumor Cells
Authors: Wali Vikram B. , Sylvester Paul W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStatins are potent inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase and display anticancer activity, but their clinical use is limited by their high‐dose toxicity. Similarly, γ‐tocotrienol, an isoform of vitamin E, also reduces HMGCoA reductase activity and displays potent anticancer activity. Studies were conducted to determine if combined low dose treatment of γ‐tocotrienol with individual statins resulted in a synergistic antiproliferative effect on neoplastic mouse +SA mammary epithelial cells. Treatment with 3–4 μM γ‐tocotrienol or 2–8 μM simvastatin, lovastatin or mevastatin alone resulted in a significant decrease, whereas treatment with 10–100 μM pravastatin had no effect on +SA cell growth. However, combined treatment of subeffective doses (0.25 or 10 μM) of individual statins with 0.25–2.0 μM γ‐tocotrienol resulted in a dose‐responsive synergistic inhibition in +SA cell proliferation. Additional studies showed that treatment with subeffective doses of individual statins or γ‐tocotrienol alone had no effect, whereas combined treatment of these compounds resulted in a relatively large decrease in intracellular levels of phosphorylated (activated) MAPK, JNK, p38, and Akt. These findings strongly suggest that combined low dose treatment of γ‐tocotrienol with individual statins may have potential value in the treatment of breast cancer without causing myotoxicity that is associated with high dose statin treatment.
Characterization and In‐vitro Permeation Study of Stearic Acid Nanoparticles containing Hinokitiol
Authors: Cho Seong Min , Lee Hyeon Yong , Kim Jin‐Chul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLipid nanoparticles containing hinokitiol (HKL) were prepared by a melt–emulsification method. Stearic acid was used as a lipid for the matrix material of the nanoparticles. According to results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), most of the nanoparticles were less than 100 nm. When nanoparticles containing HKL were scanned on a differential scanning calorimeter, no endothermic peak of HKL was observed. This means that HKL in the lipid matrix of the nanoparticles is in a dissolved state. In an 18‐h permeation study using hairless mouse skin mounted on a diffusion cell, the amount of HKL encapsulated in the nanoparticles transported to the receptor cell was five to ten times more than for HKL dissolved either ethanol or propylene glycol. Therefore, stearic acid nanoparticles strongly enhanced permeation of the skin by HKL.
Effect of exogenous vitamin E on proliferation and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Hernández Jesús , Garibay-Escobar Adriana , Mendoza-Mendoza Andrés , Pinelli-Saavedra Araceli , Valenzuela Olivia 
Published: August 2007

Micronutrient deficiencies are frequently associated with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. We tested the effect of exogenous vitamin E on proliferation and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TB patients and healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)+ volunteers. Proliferation was stimulated with mycobacterial antigen (PPD) and evaluated by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in PBMC cultured with or without 50 μm-vitamin E for 6 d. Cytokine production (IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ) was determined by intracellular cytokine staining and by ELISA in the supernatant of PBMC stimulated for 24 h with phytohaemagglutinin or PPD. Our results show that culture with vitamin E increased (P ≤ 0·05) the antigen-induced proliferation of PBMC in TB patients but not in healthy PPD+ volunteers. No significant changes in the number of cytokine-producing cells or in the production of IFN-γ were observed with vitamin E treatment. These results indicate that vitamin E may enhance the antigen-specificin vitroresponse of PBMC from TB patients.
The effects of regular consumption of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on digestive comfort of subjects with minor functional bowel disorders
Authors: Paineau Damien , Payen Flore , Panserieu Suzanne , Coulombier Geneviève , Sobaszek Annie , Lartigau Isabelle , Brabet Marylène , Galmiche Jean-Paul , Tripodi Dominique , Sacher-Huvelin Sylvie , Chapalain Véronique , Zourabichvili Othar , Respondek Frédérique , Wagner Anne , Bornet Francis R. J. 
Published: August 2007

A comparative, randomised, double-blind trial was performed in the medical departments of five hospitals to study the effects of regular consumption of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (sc-FOS) on the digestive comfort of subjects with minor functional bowel disorders (FBD). In step 1, 2235 subjects were questioned to assess the incidence and intensity of digestive disorders. In step 2, 105 of these patients diagnosed with minor FBD were randomised into two groups to receive either 5 g sc-FOS or 5 g placebo (sucrose and maltodextrins) per d over a 6-week period. The incidence and intensity of digestive disorders were assessed at the end of the treatment period (day 43) using the step 1 questionnaires. A quality-of-life questionnaire was also completed at the start and end of the treatment period to assess potential effects on well-being and social performance. In step 1, 44 % of the subjects questioned presented FBD, of whom 57·1 % suffered from minor FBD. In step 2, on day 43, the intensity of digestive disorders decreased by 43·6 % in the sc-FOS group v. a 13·8 % increase in the placebo group (P = 0·026). Symptoms were experienced less frequently by 75·0 % of subjects in the sc-FOS group, while 53·8 % of controls experienced no change (P = 0·064). Using the functional digestive disorders quality of life questionnaire, the discomfort item scores increased in the sc-FOS group (P = 0·031). However, expressed as change in quality of life (improvement, worsening or unchanged), daily activities were significantly improved in the sc-FOS group (P = 0.022). Regular consumption of sc-FOS may improve digestive comfort in a working population not undergoing medical treatment.
Dietary patterns of the Andean population of Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina
Authors: Romaguera D. , Samman N. , Rossi A. , Miranda C. , Pons A. , Tur J. A. 
Published: August 2007

The aim of the present study was to describe dietary patterns in a representative sample from Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in a representative sample (n 1236) of individuals from these regions. For the present study, only children aged 2–9 years (n 360), adolescents aged 10–18 years (n 223) and adults aged 18 years or over (n 465) were considered. Breast-fed children, pregnant women and lactating women were excluded. Dietary data collection methods comprised one 24 h recall and a semi-quantitative FFQ. We used principal component (PC) analyses to identify prevailing dietary patterns. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the determinants of the identified dietary patterns. Two dominant PC were identified: PC1 reflected a ‘Western-like’ diet with an emphasis on not-autochthon foods. This pattern tended to be present in urban areas of the Quebrada region and was associated with a younger age, a higher level of development, and a worse diet quality. PC2 reflected an ‘Andean-like’ diet including a variety of autochthon crops. This was preferred by individuals living in rural areas from Puna with a high level of development during the post-harvest season, and was associated with a greater diet quality. These results suggest that the nutrition transition phenomenon is a reality in certain sectors of this population and might be one of the leading causes of the observed double burden of malnutrition.
Association between zinc pool sizes and iron stores in premenopausal women without anaemia
Authors: Yokoi Katsuhiko , Sandstead Harold H. , Egger Norman G. , Alcock Nancy W. , Sadagopa Ramanujam V. M. , Dayal Hari H. , Penland James G. 
Published: August 2007

The simultaneous occurrence of Zn and Fe deficiencies in man has been known since the discovery of human Zn deficiency. However, it is not established that low Fe storesper seor Fe-deficiency anaemia infer low Zn status. Therefore our objective was to identify relationships between Zn and Fe status in premenopausal women without anaemia. We also examined the contribution of food frequencies and blood loss to Zn and Fe status. The subjects were thirty-three apparently healthy premenopausal women without anaemia, who were not taking dietary supplements containing Zn or Fe or oral contraceptives. Main outcomes were Zn kinetic parameters based on the three-compartment mammillary model and serum ferritin (SF) concentration; contributing factors were the frequency of consumption of specific foods and menorrhagia. Lower SF was significantly associated with smaller sizes of Zn pools. The breakpoint in the relationship between SF and the lesser peripheral Zn pool was found to be 21·0 μg SF/l. SF also correlated positively with frequency of beef consumption and negatively with bleeding through menstrual pads (BTMP). Similar to SF, the Zn pool sizes correlated positively with frequency of beef consumption, and negatively with BTMP. In summary, Zn pool sizes and Fe stores were highly correlated in premenopausal women. SF concentrations < 20 μg/l suggest an increased likelihood of low Zn status.
Family continuity in England and Japan
Authors: TAKAHASHI MOTOYASU 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThis article examines generational continuity and kinship patterns in Willingham (England) between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries and in Kami-shiojiri (Japan) in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In Willingham few families continued to survive in a given locality for more than a couple of generations in the male line. Yet at the same time local testators left bequests to a wide range of kin in their wills, indicating that, despite the mobility of the population, kinship ties remained important and were acknowledged. For Kami-shiojiri, the almost continuous series of Shumon Aratame-cho (religious faith registers) reveals a gradual change towards smaller and simpler household structures (Ie). In addition, occasional abrupt increases in the numbers of households and in the numbers of messuages (dwelling units) imply that the community as a whole and/or the local overlord did sometimes intervene to reconstruct sections of the village economy and the use of household labour. Households in Kami-shiojiri were larger and more complex than those in England and the population was much more stable, with the mobility rate about half that reported for England. The extent of variation in inheritance patterns within both populations is also discussed, showing that some families persisted for several generations in Willingham and that in Kami-shiojiri more than a third of cases of change of headship of the household, involved a successor who was not the eldest son of the previous head.
Dangers to going it alone: social capital and the origins of community resilience in the Philippines
Authors: BANKOFF GREG 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTRobert Putnam's influential article ‘Bowling alone: America's declining social capital’ puts forward a number of possible factors to explain the decline of civil society in the USA. Many of these same forces are also at work in America's erstwhile colony in Asia, the Philippines, where almost the opposite outcome is true if one can measure such things as social capital by the activity of formal and informal associations and networks devoted to mutual assistance. Unlike Americans, however, Filipinos are exposed to a much higher degree of everyday risk. This article traces the evolution of mutual benefit associations and networks and suggests that it is in precisely those geographical regions most exposed to personal misfortune and community danger that they proliferate most readily.
Legal borrowing and its impact on Ottoman legal culture in the late nineteenth century
Authors: RUBIN AVI 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe article sheds fresh light on socio-legal change in the Ottoman Empire during the late nineteenth century by focusing on the legal culture that emerged in the newly established Nizamiye court system. It is argued that a characteristic Nizamiye discourse that emphasized procedure mirrored the syncretic nature of this judicial system. This syncretism was a typical outcome of legal borrowing, encompassing both indigenous and foreign legal traditions. In addition, the article points to the possible impact of the new legal culture on judicial strategies employed by litigants. The accentuation of procedure opened up new litigation opportunities for the wealthier classes while disadvantaging and alienating the lower strata of society. Yet Ottoman law also provided some legal solutions for the lower orders.
Transmission of the microsporidian gill parasite, Loma salmonae
Authors: Becker Joy A. , Speare David J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSince it was first reported in 1987 at a hatchery in British Columbia, Loma salmonae has become increasingly important as an emerging parasite affecting the Canadian salmonid aquaculture industry. L. salmonae causes Microsporidial Gill Disease of Salmon (MGDS) in farmed Pacific salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., resulting in respiratory distress, secondary infections and high mortality rates. In the last decade, laboratory studies have identified key transmission factors for this disease and described the pathogenesis of MGDS. L. salmonae enters the host via the gut, where it injects sporoplasm into a host cell, which then migrates to the heart for a two-week merogony-like phase, followed by a macrophage-mediated transport of the parasite to the gill, with a final development stage of a spore-laden xenoma within the endothelial and pillar cells. Xenoma rupture triggers a cascade of inflammatory events leading to severe, persistent, and extensive proliferative branchitis. The development of robust and reliable experimental challenge models using several exposure methods in marine and freshwater environments with several fish hosts, is a primary reason for the success of scientific research surrounding L. salmonae. To date, demonstrated factors affecting MGDS transmission include host species, strain and size, the length of contact time between naïve and infected fish, water temperature and flow rates.