bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning surrogates for surface complexation model of uranium sorption to oxides
Authors: Li Chunhui , Adeniyi Elijah O. , Zarzycki Piotr 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe safety assessments of the geological storage of spent nuclear fuel require understanding the underground radionuclide mobility in case of a leakage from multi-barrier canisters. Uranium, the most common radionuclide in non-reprocessed spent nuclear fuels, is immobile in reduced form (U(IV) and highly mobile in an oxidized state (U(VI)). The latter form is considered one of the most dangerous environmental threats in the safety assessments of spent nuclear fuel repositories. The sorption of uranium to mineral surfaces surrounding the repository limits their mobility. We quantify uranium sorption using surface complexation models (SCMs). Unfortunately, numerical SCM solvers often encounter convergence problems due to the complex nature of convoluted equations and correlations between model parameters. This study explored two machine learning surrogates for the 2-pK Triple Layer Model of uranium retention by oxide surfaces if released as U(IV) in the oxidizing conditions: random forest regressor and deep neural networks. Our surrogate models, particularly DNN, accurately reproduce SCM model predictions at a fraction of the computational cost without any convergence issues. The safety assessment of spent fuel repositories, specifically the migration of leaked radioactive waste, will benefit from having ultrafast AI/ML surrogates for the computationally expensive sorption models that can be easily incorporated into larger-scale contaminant migration models. One such model is presented here.
Physics-informed shape optimization using coordinate projection
Authors: Zhang Zhizhou , Lin Chungwei , Wang Bingnan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of artificial intelligence is revolutionizing classical engineering society, offering novel approaches to material and structural design and analysis. Among various scientific machine learning techniques, physics-informed neural network (PINN) has been one of the most researched subjects, for its ability to incorporate physics prior knowledge into model training. However, the intrinsic continuity requirement of PINN demands the adoption of domain decomposition when multiple materials with distinct properties exist. This greatly complicates the gradient computation of design features, restricting the application of PINN to structural shape optimization. To address this, we present a novel framework that employs neural network coordinate projection for shape optimization within PINN. This technique allows for direct mapping from a standard shape to its optimal counterpart, optimizing the design objective without the need for traditional transition functions or the definition of intermediate material properties. Our method demonstrates a high degree of adaptability, allowing the incorporation of diverse constraints and objectives directly as training penalties. The proposed approach is tested on magnetostatic problems for iron core shape optimization, a scenario typically plagued by the high permeability contrast between materials. Validation with finite-element analysis confirms the accuracy and efficiency of our approach. The results highlight the framework’s capability as a viable tool for shape optimization in complex material design tasks.
Antiemetic activity of abietic acid possibly through the 5HT3 and muscarinic receptors interaction pathways
Authors: Hasan Rubel , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Albekairi Norah A. , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Afroz Meher , Chowdhury Raihan , Khan Muhammad Ali , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic activity of abietic acid (AA) using in vivo and in silico studies. To assess the effect, doses of 50 mg/kg b.w. copper sulfate (CuSO4⋅5H2O) were given orally to 2-day-old chicks. The test compound (AA) was given orally at two doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w. On the other hand, aprepitant (16 mg/kg), domperidone (6 mg/kg), diphenhydramine (10 mg/kg), hyoscine (21 mg/kg), and ondansetron (5 mg/kg) were administered orally as positive controls (PCs). The vehicle was used as a control group. Combination therapies with the referral drugs were also given to three separate groups of animals to see the synergistic and antagonizing activity of the test compound. Molecular docking and visualization of ligand-receptor interaction were performed using different computational tools against various emesis-inducing receptors (D2, D3, 5HT3, H1, and M1–M5). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of the selected ligands were predicted by using the SwissADME and Protox-II online servers. Findings indicated that AA dose-dependently enhances the latency of emetic retching and reduces the number of retching compared to the vehicle group. Among the different treatments, animals treated with AA (40 mg/kg) exhibited the highest latency (98 ± 2.44 s) and reduced the number of retching (11.66 ± 2.52 times) compared to the control groups. Additionally, the molecular docking study indicated that AA exhibits the highest binding affinity (− 10.2 kcal/mol) toward the M4 receptors and an elevated binding affinity toward the receptors 5HT3 (− 8.1 kcal/mol), M1 (− 7.7 kcal/mol), M2 (− 8.7 kcal/mol), and H1 (− 8.5 kcal/mol) than the referral ligands. Taken together, our study suggests that AA has potent antiemetic effects by interacting with the 5TH3 and muscarinic receptor interaction pathways. However, additional extensive pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of AA.
Apple crown and collar canker and necrosis caused by Cytospora balanejica sp. nov. in Iran
Authors: Azizi Razmig , Ghosta Youbert , Ahmadpour Abdollah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractApple is the most important fruit tree in West Azarbaijan province of Iran. In a survey of apple orchards, a disease with crown and collar canker and necrosis symptoms was observed in three young apple orchards in Urmia, affecting 15% and 1% of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars, respectively. A fungus with typical characteristics of the asexual morph of Cytospora was regularly isolated from the diseased tissues. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses inferred from the combined dataset of the ITS-rDNA, parts of LSU, tef1-α, rpb2, and act1 genes revealed that the isolates represent a new species of Cytospora, described herein as Cytospora balanejica sp. nov.. The pathogenicity of all isolates was confirmed on apple cv. ‘Red Delicious’ based on Koch’s postulates. Also, the reaction of 12 other apple cultivars was assessed against five selected isolates with the highest virulence. The results showed that except for cv. ‘Braeburn’, which did not produce any symptoms of the disease, the other 11 cultivars showed characteristic disease symptoms including sunken and discolored bark and wood. The mean length of the discolored area was different among the 11 so-called susceptible cultivars, hence cvs. ‘M4’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ showed the highest and the lowest lesion length, respectively. Moreover, the aggressiveness of the five tested isolates was different, and the isolates BA 2-4 and BA 3-1 had the highest and lowest aggressiveness, respectively. Based on our observations on the potential ability of the fungus to cause disease on young and actively growing apple trees, it will be a serious threat to apple cultivation and industry.
PI-RADS v2.1 and PSAD for the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer among patients with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/ml
Authors: Wen Jing , Liu Wei , Shen Xiaocui , Hu Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study intended to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/ml. Between July 2018 and June 2022, a total of 453 patients with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/ml were retrospectively included, which were randomly assigned to the training group (323 patients) and validation group (130 patients). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with their 95% CI were calculated. The overall diagnostic performance was determined with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and an integrated nomogram combining PI-RADS score and PSAD was constructed and tested in a validation cohort. In the training group, the AUC for PI-RADS 2.1 and PSAD alone were 0.875 (95% CI 0.834–0.916) and 0.712 (95% CI 0.648–0.775). At the cutoff PI-RADS score ≥ 4, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.2% (95% CI 77.4–1.9%) and 84.7% (95% CI 79.6–88.8%), respectively. For PSAD, the sensitivity and specificity were 73.3% (95% CI 63.0–82.4%) and 62.1% (95% CI 55.8–68.5%) at the cutoff 0.162 ng/ml/ml. While combining PI-RADS with PSAD, the diagnostic performance was improved significantly, with AUC of 0.893 (95% CI 0.853–0.933). In the validation group, the nomogram yielded a AUC of 0.871 (95% CI 0.807–0.934), which is significantly higher than PI-RADS alone (0.829, 95% CI 0.759–0.899, P = 0.02). For patients with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/ml, PSAD demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy whereas PI-RADS showed high performance. By combination of PSAD and PI-RADS together, the diagnostic performance could be improved significantly.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Face-to-Face Versus Remote Delivery of Low-Tech Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Nonspeaking Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mishra Avinash 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Thirty percent of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not develop spoken language. To provide a means of communication for this subset of the population, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are often utilized. Low-tech options have traditionally been delivered through the in-person modality. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to service delivery models have been required. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in order to assess the efficacy of low-tech AAC delivered face-to-face versus remotely on communication outcomes in nonspeaking children with ASD.

Conclusions:
Both participant groups demonstrated similar gains in AAC proficiency, number and type of nonspeaking acts, and number of spoken communication acts. Remote delivery of low-tech AAC treatment is a viable alternative to face-to-face instruction.
Microscopic mechanisms analysis of various dielectric response processes in oil‐paper insulation with different insulating states
Authors: Jiang Zaijun , Liu Jiefeng , Fan Xianhao , Zhang Heng , Zhang Enze , Song Boshu , Zhang Yiyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVarious dielectric response processes in the oil‐paper insulation are sensitively affected by the insulating states (ageing degrees and moisture contents). However, the existing research is still incomplete in revealing the microscopic mechanisms of various dielectric response processes in oil‐paper insulation with different insulating states. Given this issue, the genetic algorithm is first adopted to extract the Dissado–Hill (D–H) model parameters by simulating the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) of oil‐paper insulation. Then, the change laws of the extracted D–H model parameters are adopted to reveal the microscopic mechanisms of various dielectric response processes. Microscopic mechanisms of four dielectric response processes are studied, which are quasi‐dc relaxation, loss peak relaxation, optical frequency relaxation, and DC conductance. Meanwhile, due to the dielectric response processes being dominated by various polar particles (methanol, ethanol, furfural, and water molecule), the contents of various ageing by‐products dissolved in the insulating oil are measured to support the above analysis. In this respect, a dielectric theoretical reference for the FDS technique to research the insulating states of oil‐paper insulation is provided.
Effect of nanofillers with different energy levels on the electrical properties of epoxy‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Guo Ning , Chen Cailing , Zhang Guangwei , Sun Rongsheng , Wang Yulong , Gao Junguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe authors investigate the effects of nanofillers with varying band‐gap energies on the space charge properties, breakdown field strength, and bulk resistivity of epoxy (EP)‐based composites. Additionally, the molecular orbital distribution of both the epoxy resin and nanofillers were examined through density functional theory. Experimental results indicate that the space charge accumulation within silicon dioxide/EP and germanium oxide/EP is reduced, leading to a more uniformly distributed electric field intensity within the specimen when compared to epoxy. As a result, both materials exhibit improved AC breakdown field strength and volume resistivity. Conversely, the amount of charge accumulated within tin dioxide/EP is higher, resulting in lower breakdown field strength than epoxy. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level differences between epoxy and nanofillers introduce electron traps and hole traps at the interface, forming interfacial traps that affect the space charge distribution within the specimen, as well as the trap energy levels within the material. From the experimental results, shallow traps promote space charge accumulation and reduce the breakdown field strength, while deep traps have the opposite effect.
Energy harvesting technology for AC overhead insulated transmission line based on electric field induction
Authors: Zhou Le , Liu Hongwei , Zuo Kun , Shang Kuo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo solve the problem of the energy harvesting (EEH) effect of the condition monitoring devices power supply on the transmission line is not ideal. The authors designed three kinds of EEH schemes based on AC electric field induction, which can effectively improve the output power of load power supply. The EEH principle of each scheme was analysed in detail, and the influence factors such as the shape of outer energy harvester, capacitance compensation and impedance matching characteristics were analysed. Finally, the experiment showed that 140.9 mW of power was obtained in direct‐mode field EEH when the line voltage level was 10 kV. The high‐potential field EEH mode obtained 4.1 mW of power. The harvesting effect of the inner energy harvester with the same potential as the aluminium wire was obviously better, and 30.7 mW of power was obtained. Finally, based on the third mode, when the load resistance was 2200 Ω, the rectifier received 23.7 mW DC output. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, which verifies the effectiveness of the electric field induction power supply technology.
Anomaly‐background separation and particle swarm optimization based band selection for hyperspectral anomaly detection
Authors: Shang Xiaodi , Duan Yiqi , Wang Xiaopeng , Fu Baijia , Sun Xudong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs one of the dimensionality reduction techniques of hyperspectral image (HSI), band selection (BS) does not change the spectral characteristics and physical meaning of HSIs, which is beneficial to the identification and analysis of surface objects. Recently, many BS methods for target detection have achieved promising results by making full use of the priori spectral features of the target to be detected. Conversely, anomaly detection separates the anomaly based solely on the statistical distribution difference between anomaly and background without any prior information. Therefore, the development of BS for anomaly detection has lagged far behind that of BS for target detection. To this end, this paper proposes a novel BS algorithm dedicated to anomaly detection tasks, named anomaly‐background separation and particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based BS. Specifically, an anomaly‐background separation framework (ABSF) is established to predetermine a priori knowledge of anomaly distribution. Then, three band prioritization criteria are constructed with the anomaly‐background constraints generated by ABSF. Finally, PSO is used to find the optimal subset of bands in the solution space. The experiments on two real datasets demonstrate that the proposed method yields better detection results and greater stability compared to other BS methods discussed in this paper.
A novel virtual synchronous port control strategy for microgrid cluster
Authors: Shi HongTao , Chang Jiaming , Li Yuchao , Chen Tingting , Dong Xiaolin , He Zhuoheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterconnecting multiple microgrids (MGs) to form a MG cluster (MGC) is significant to improve the MG power supply reliability and increase the new energy accommodation capacity. However, for the traditional MGC in complex operational conditions, the following technologies need to be further researched, such as mutual power support among MGs, voltage support and power quality improvement and so on. Focusing on the above problems, a novel virtual synchronous port control (VSPC) strategy for MGC is proposed. Firstly, a multi‐port soft open point (SOP) is used to interconnect each sub‐MG in the MGC, to achieve a better flexible interconnection among sub‐MGs. Secondly, on this basis, the VSPC strategy is proposed. By adopting the DC voltage control of multi‐port SOP and the virtual synchronisation control of interconnecting ports, multiple voltage source converters (VSCs) are cluster controlled to provide the sub‐MGs with superordinate ports with virtual synchronisation characteristics, which ensures the dynamic balance of the power inside the MGC and achieves better voltage and frequency support capability. Finally, the example results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed VSPC strategy.
Dans quelle mesure, les représentations de l’autonomie chez les professionnels de santé engagés dans les programmes d’ETP sont-elles un bon indicateur de leurs pratiques rapportées ? Une étude qualitative
Authors: Gazagne Aurélie , Roussel Sandrine 
Published: March 2024

Introduction :L’autonomie est souvent énoncée comme un objectif en ETP. Toutefois, cette notion n’est pas clairement définie et son opérationnalisation est laissée à la libre appréciation des équipes. Dans la mesure où les représentations guident les pratiques, les représentations de l’autonomie chez les professionnels de santé engagés dans les programmes d’ETP sont-elles un bon indicateur de leurs pratiques rapportées ?Méthodes :Une étude qualitative inductive, par entretiens semi-directifs a été réalisée et complétée par un questionnaire type Q. sort, auprès de 8 soignantes (médecins, infirmières, diététiciennes et pharmacienne) exerçant en France.Résultats et discussion :Pour les points partagés, l’autonomie est définie comme la capacité de mettre en place des compétences d’autosurveillance et d’autosoin. Le point de désaccord dans la représentation de l’autonomie chez les soignants se situe au niveau de la question suivante : qui du patient ou du soignant définit l’autonomie ? Lorsqu’elle est définie par le soignant, les soignants semblent aborder des postures plus ambivalentes (dont la finalité est la confrontation à la norme de l’éducateur). À l’inverse lorsqu’elle est définie par le patient, les soignants semblent s’appuyer sur des postures plus endogènes (dont la finalité est la découverte de sa propre norme par le patient).
Gait Analysis of Amputee Dogs Using a Pressure-Sensitive Walkway
Authors: Filho Túlio G. , Rahal Sheila C. , Kano Washington T. , Mesquista Luciane R. , Mamprim Maria J. , Silva Jeana P. , Agostinho Felipe S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to perform gait analysis using a pressure-sensitive walkway in dogs submitted to high (total) or low amputation (partial) of one forelimb or hindlimb.
Study Design A total of 39 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The reasons for the amputations were motor vehicle accidents in 38 dogs and possible limb malformation in 1 dog. The amputee dogs were divided into four groups: G1 (n = 10)—high forelimb; G2 (n = 10)—low forelimb; G3 (n = 9)—high hindlimb; and G4 (n = 10)—low hindlimb. For kinetic evaluation, the dogs were walked across a pressure-sensitive walkway.
Results In dogs with forelimb amputation, the percentage of body weight (%BW) distribution on the contralateral forelimb was 50.7% in cases of high amputation and 55.5% in cases of low amputation, while the %BW distribution on the hindlimbs, mainly in the ipsilateral hindlimb, was 27.9% in cases of high amputation and 27.1% in cases of low amputation. In cases of high amputation of the hindlimb, the %BW distribution was 71.5% on the forelimbs and 29.7% on the contralateral hindlimb, while in cases of low amputation, the distribution was mainly for the contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb. No statistical difference was noted between the amputation levels, except for the contralateral limb in cases of low and high amputation of the hindlimbs concerning the overload percentage and %BW distribution.
Conclusion The amputation level of one forelimb did not influence the %BW distribution; however, in the hindlimb, this was higher for the contralateral limb in dogs submitted to high amputation.
Deep Neck Contouring through the Ages
Authors: Su-Genyk Peiyi , Quatela Vito 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep neck contouring can achieve dramatic results in young and old patients. Both genetic predisposition and aging contribute to the malposition of deep neck structures and a poorly contoured neckline. Depending on the patient's anatomy, deep neck contouring should involve a combination of submental liposuction, platysmaplasty, subplatysmal fat lipectomy, resection of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and either cautery or resection of the submandibular glands. Resorption of the facial bony skeleton that occurs with aging affects the ultimate postoperative mandibular contour, and postoperative results thus differ in the young versus old patient. In patients in which there is concern for excess skin laxity, a concurrent facelift is necessary to excise excess neck skin. This article includes a discussion on how a combination of aging and genetics influence a patient's neck anatomy, critical preoperative considerations prior to performing deep neck contouring, intraoperative technique, and adjunct procedures that can further improve a patient's neckline.
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography: Basics of Knobology 101
Authors: Surak Aimann , Altit Gabriel , Singh Yogen 
Published: March 2024

Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) is essential when approaching hemodynamic instability in neonates. Competency in this field requires standardized training, including robust hands-on experience. Proficiency in understanding the key elements of ultrasound knobology is indispensable for optimal acquisition of imaging. This is a narrative review summarizing the key elements of knobology in TNE. Literature review was mainly done through PubMed. There was no funding allocated for the production of this manuscript.
Key Points