bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult Treatment Panel III 2001 but Not International Diabetes Federation 2005 Criteria of the Metabolic Syndrome Predict Clinical Cardiovascular Events in Subjects Who Underwent Coronary Angiography
Authors: Saely Christoph H. , Koch Lorena , Schmid Fabian , Marte Thomas , Aczel Stefan , Langer Peter , Hoefle Guenter , Drexel Heinz 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVE—The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has recently established a worldwide consensus definition of the metabolic syndrome. No prospective data are available on the cardiovascular risk associated with this new metabolic syndrome definition.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a prospective study of 750 coronary patients, we recorded vascular events over 4 years.
RESULTS—From our patients, 37.3% (n = 280) had the metabolic syndrome according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) definition and 45.5% (n = 341) according to the IDF definition. The metabolic syndrome as defined by the ATPIII criteria significantly predicted vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio 1.745 [95% CI 1.255–2.427]; P = 0.001), but the metabolic syndrome as defined by IDF criteria did not (1.189 [0.859–1.646]; P = 0.297). Accordingly, event-free survival was significantly lower among patients who fulfilled the ATPIII but not the IDF criteria than among those who met the IDF but not the ATPIII criteria (P = 0.012). The metabolic syndrome as defined by ATPIII criteria remained significantly predictive of vascular events after adjustment for type 2 diabetes but not after additional adjustment for the metabolic syndrome components high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol. These lipid traits in turn proved significantly predictive of vascular events even after adjustment for the metabolic syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS—The ATPIII definition of the metabolic syndrome confers a significantly higher risk of vascular events than the IDF definition. However, among angiographied coronary patients, even the ATPIII definition of the metabolic syndrome does not provide prognostic information beyond its dyslipidemic features.
Inside Front Cover: Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photocatalytic Membranes with a Hierarchical Mesoporous Multilayer Structure: Synthesis, Characterization, and Multifunction (Adv. Funct. Mater. 8/2006)
Authors: Choi H. , Sofranko A. C. , Dionysiou D. D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe inside cover shows a hierarchical, mesoporous, multilayer TiO2 photocatalytic membrane synthesized via a novel sol–gel dip‐coating process employing surfactant templates reported by Dionysiou and co‐workers on p. 1067. The resulting asymmetric mesoporous TiO2 membrane supported onto a porous Al2O3 substrate exhibited hierarchical changes in pore diameter and materials porosity from the top to the bottom layer. The TiO2 membrane has multiple simultaneous functions, including photocatalysis, disinfection, separation, and anti‐biofouling.A novel sol–gel dip‐coating process to fabricate nanocrystalline TiO2 photocatalytic membranes with a robust hierarchical mesoporous multilayer and improved performance has been studied. Various titania sols containing poly(oxyethylenesorbitan monooleate) (Tween 80) surfactant as a pore‐directing agent to tailor‐design the porous structure of TiO2 materials at different molar ratios of Tween 80/isopropyl alcohol/acetic acid/titanium tetraisopropoxide = R:45:6:1 have been synthesized. The sols are dip‐coated on top of a homemade porous alumina substrate to fabricate TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes, dried, and calcined, and this procedure is repeated with varying sols in succession. The resulting asymmetric mesoporous TiO2 membrane with a thickness of 0.9 μm exhibits a hierarchical change in pore diameter from 2–6, through 3–8, to 5–11 nm from the top to the bottom layer. Moreover, the corresponding porosity is incremented from 46.2, through 56.7, to 69.3 %. Compared to a repeated‐coating process using a single sol, the hierarchical multilayer process improves water permeability significantly without sacrificing the organic retention and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 membranes. The prepared TiO2 photocatalytic membrane has great potential in developing highly efficient water treatment and reuse systems, for example, decomposition of organic pollutants, inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, physical separation of contaminants, and self‐antifouling action because of its multifunctional capability.
Ectrodactyly with aplasia of long bones (OMIM; 119100) in a large inbred Arab family with an apparent autosomal dominant inheritance and reduced penetrance: Clinical and genetic analysis
Authors: Naveed Mohammed , Al‐Ali Mahmoud T. , Murthy Sabita K. , Al‐Hajali Sarah , Al‐Khaja Najib , Deutsch Samuel , Bottani Armand , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Nath Swapan K. , Radhakrishna Uppala 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEctrodactyly with aplasia of long bones syndrome is one of the most recognizable defects involving the extremities. We have studied a very large eight‐generation consanguineous Arab family from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with multiple severe limb anomalies resembling this condition (OMIM; 119100), for which the affected gene is unknown. The pedigree consists of 145 individuals including 23 affected (14 males/9 females) with limb anomalies. Of these, 18 had tibial aplasia (TA) usually on the right side. The expression of the phenotype was variable and ranged from bilateral to unilateral TA with ectrodactyly and other defects of the extremities. The mode of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance. There were 10 consanguineous marriages observed in this pedigree. This could suggest possible pseudodominance due to high frequency of the mutant allele. Candidate loci for the described syndrome include GLI3 (OMIM: 165240) on 7p13, sonic hedgehog; (OMIM: 600725) on 7q36, Langer–Giedion syndrome (OMIM: 150230) on 8q24.1 and split‐hand/foot malformation 3 (OMIM: 600095) on 10q24. In addition, bilateral tibial hemimelia and unilateral absence of the ulna was previously observed to co‐segregate with deletion of 8q24.1. Two‐point linkage and haplotype analyses did not show the involvement of the above regions in this family. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastrointestinal phenotype of ATR‐X syndrome
Authors: Martucciello Giuseppe , Lombardi Laura , Savasta Salvatore , Gibbons Richard J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractX‐linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation (ATR‐X) syndrome is associated with profound developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, genital abnormalities, and alpha thalassemia. Patients with ATR‐X syndrome frequently present with gastrointestinal problems, in particular feeding difficulties, regurgitation and vomiting, abdominal pain, distension, and chronic constipation. Parental reports of prolonged food refusal and distress in these children are common and although these episodes are suspected to be gastro‐intestinal in origin they are rarely investigated. Death in early childhood from aspiration of vomitus or from pneumonia presumed to be secondary to aspiration has been recorded in a number of ATR‐X cases. In this report we review the gastrointestinal phenotype of ATR‐X syndrome in 128 cases. We also demonstrate that in two siblings, regurgitation was secondary to gastric pseudo‐volvulus, a condition in which the stomach does not have a normal system of peritoneal ligaments and changes position with possible torsion around itself. Furthermore, ultra‐short Hirschsprung disease with colonic hypoganglionosis was shown and this may contribute to the severe constipation affecting these children. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A missense mutation in the ZFHX1B gene associated with an atypical Mowat–Wilson syndrome phenotype
Authors: Heinritz Wolfram , Zweier Christiane , Froster Ursula G. , Strenge Sibylle , Kujat Annegret , Syrbe Steffen , Rauch Anita , Schuster Volker 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare mental retardation—multiple congenital anomalies syndrome associated with typical facial dysmorphism. Patients can show a variety of other anomalies like short stature, microcephaly, Hirschsprung disease, malformations of the brain, seizures, congenital heart defects and urogenital anomalies. Mutations leading to haploinsufficiency of the ZFHX1B gene have been described as the underlying cause of this condition. We report on the clinical findings in a 2½‐year‐old boy with some aspects out of the MWS‐spectrum in addition to unusual anomalies and a novel missense mutation in the ZFHX1B gene. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of Adaptive Designs – a Review
Authors: Bauer P. , Einfalt J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA literature search has been performed to review applications of the adaptive design methodology based on the combination test or conditional error function approach. Some features of the 60 papers identified are summarized, e.g., the specific methodology used, calendar year, country, impact factor of the journal, number of planned and performed stages respectively, stopping for futility boundaries, type of adaptations and others. A selection of the ten recent publications in journals with the highest impact factors is discussed in more detail.Most applications up to now aim at sample size reassessment, the majority of papers is coming from Germany. Although we found that renowned journals allow for sufficient space to present the new statistical methodology in all its necessary details, the general impression is that the presentation of the adaptive designs methodology in applied papers has to be improved. Education and development of standards could help to achieve this. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Pyrazolines, Isoxazolines and Aminopyrimidines as Biological Potent Agents.
Authors: Solankee Anjani , Thakor Indrajit 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Shimalactones, Neuritogenic Polyketides from a Marine‐Derived Fungus Emericella variecolor GF10
Authors: Wei Hong , Itoh Takuya , Kotoku Naoyuki , Kobayashi Motomasa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Activity of alemtuzumab in patients with CD52‐positive acute leukemia
Authors: Tibes Raoul , Keating Michael J. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wierda William , Ravandi Farhad , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorge , Verstovsek Srdan , Browning Mary L. , Faderl Stefan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface antigen CD52 and has demonstrated activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other CD52‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders. Because CD52 also is expressed on acute leukemic blasts, the authors investigated the safety and efficacy of alemtuzumab in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODSFifteen patients with CD52‐positive (≥20%), recurrent or refractory acute leukemia (9 patients with AML and 6 patients with ALL) received alemtuzumab at a dose of 30 mg intravenously given 3 times a week (dose escalation during Week 1) for a total of 4 to 12 weeks.RESULTSThe median age of the patients was 39 years (range, 18‐71 years). Patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1‐5 prior therapies). Two patients (13%) achieved a bone marrow complete response and 1 patient achieved a substantial reduction in bone marrow blasts. No complete remissions were observed. Ten patients developed disease progression while on study. Alemtuzumab was myelosuppressive in nearly all patients. Infusion‐related toxicities were common, but usually did not exceed Grade 2 (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria). Infectious episodes occurred in 13 patients (87%) and included pneumonia (6 patients), bacteremia (11 patients), fungemia (2 patients), and cytomegalovirus reactivation (2 patients).CONCLUSIONSSingle‐agent alemtuzumab was found to have limited activity in recurrent or refractory acute leukemia. An evaluation in patients with a better prognosis, in combination with other agents or as part of consolidation therapy, is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Retroperitoneal liposarcomas: Follow‐up analysis of dedifferentiation after clinicopathologic reexamination of 86 liposarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas
Authors: Fabre‐Guillevin Elizabeth , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Somerhausen Nicolas de Saint Aubain , Bonichon Francoise , Stoeckle Eberhard , Bui Nguyen Binh 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDDedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) juxtapose components of well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) and nonlipogenic sarcoma. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is no longer considered a homogeneous entity, but rather as the common morphologic appearance of various subtypes of sarcomas. The objectives of the current retrospective study were: 1( to analyze the relation between DDLs and tumors previously diagnosed as MFHs; 2) to trace the evolution of liposarcomas, and 3) to assess the consequences of dedifferentiation.METHODSBetween 1974 and 2001, 86 patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma (61 patients) or MFH (25 patients) underwent surgery at Institut Bergonie in Bordeaux, France. Histologic review was performed and tumors reclassified as WDL or DDL were retained for further clinicohistologic study. Subsequently, initial presentation and all recurrences were analyzed.RESULTSThe 61 liposarcomas consisted of 21 WDLs and 35 DDLs; 17 MFHs were reclassified as DDL. In all, approximately half of the retroperitoneal liposarcomas and MFHs were found to be DDLs. The DDLs presented with a smaller size (20 cm vs.30 cm; P = .05) but a lower rate of complete resection (72% vs.90%; P = .015) and remission (72% vs. 100%; P = .0015). Dedifferentiated recurrence was evidenced in 7 WDLs. Ten DDLs presented with metastatic evolution. DDLs demonstrated a tendency toward lower rates of 5‐year overall survival (55% vs. 82%; P = .075).CONCLUSIONSMost occurrences of retroperitoneal liposarcomas and MFHs are in fact DDLs and dedifferentiated recurrence of WDLs is frequent. Retroperitoneal DDLs present a lower rate of complete remission than WDLs and a risk of metastatic recurrence. Therefore, extensive histologic analysis of WDLs is required to identify an undifferentiated component and avoid misdiagnosis of DDL. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Arthritis induced with cartilage‐specific antibodiesis IL‐4‐dependent
Authors: Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIt is widely believed that IL‐4 exerts its influence by profiling the immune response during priming and expansion of immune cells, and thereby modulates the outcome of chronic inflammation. In the present investigation, collagen antibody‐induced arthritis (CAIA) was used to delineate the role of IL‐4 in a T cell‐independent inflammatory phase. Mice predisposed to Th2 cytokines (BALB/c and STAT4‐deficient mice) developed a more severe arthritis than mice biased towards Th1 cytokines (C57BL/6 and STAT6‐deficient mice). Reduced incidence of CAIA was observed in IL‐4‐deficient mice compared to control littermates. Infiltrating cells in the paws of IL‐4‐sufficient mice had increased osteoclast activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β secretion. Massive infiltration of granulocytes and joint and cartilage damage were present in arthritic paws. Depletion of IL‐4 suppressed CAIA, which was abrogated by IFN‐γ neutralization. IL‐1R‐ and IL‐1RTNFR‐deficient mice were completely resistant to CAIA. Thus, IL‐4 promotes an antibody‐mediated and TNF‐α/IL‐1β‐dependent inflammation in vivo.
Recent Advances in Silver‐Catalyzed Nitrene, Carbene, and Silylene‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Li Zigang , He Chuan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSilver salts are commonly used as Lewis acids in organic synthesis. Silver complexes can also exhibit strong oxidation power due to their high oxidation potentials. This review features the recent development of nitrene, carbene and silylene‐transfer reactions catalyzed by silver complexes. Interesting activity was observed in several reactions highlighting the unique redox chemistry of silver. A disilver(I) catalyst was shown to mediate efficient aziridination of simple olefins, intramolecular amidation of saturated C–H bonds and imination of sulfoxides with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Silver compounds also catalyze intermolecular carbene insertion into carbon–halogen bonds, carbon–hydrogen bonds, and aromatic systems. In addition, simple silver salts were found to mediate silylene‐transfer reactions to different olefins and alkynes efficiently. Future mechanistic study of these reactions and further exploration of the redox chemistry of silver could lead to more exciting discoveries.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
2′‐O‐Aminoethyl Oligoribonucleotides Containing Novel Base Analogues: Synthesis and Triple‐Helix Formation At Pyrimidine/Purine Inversion Sites
Authors: Buchini Sabrina , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of a common sugar intermediate for the 2′‐aminoethyl‐ribonucleoside synthesis in 9 steps and an overall yield of 33 % starting from D‐ribose is described. This intermediate was successfully used for the synthesis of the 2′‐aminoethyl‐ribonucleosides containing the bases thymine (t), 5‐methylcytosine (c), 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrimidinone (x), 2‐aminopurine (ap) and guanine (g). These were subsequently transformed into the corresponding cyanoethyl phosphoramidite building blocks for oligonucleotide synthesis. 2′‐Aminoethyl oligonucleotide 15‐mers were prepared with a DNA synthesizer, and an optimized post‐synthetic deprotection protocol has been developed which prevents cyanoethylation of the 2′‐amino side chains during conventional ammonia deprotection. A series of fully modified, triplex forming 2′‐aminoethyl oligoribonucleotides (2′AE‐TFOs) were prepared in which x was designed to bind to CG inversion sites and ap as well as g to TA inversion sites on a double‐helical DNA target. The affinity of x‐CG base‐triple formation in different sequence contexts was assessed by UV‐ and CD melting analysis. It was found that TFO 15‐mers containing up to 5 x residues still form stable triplexes even in the case where all x residues are consecutively arranged in the TFO. The nearest neighbor properties of x have been probed and it was found that triplex stability decreases in the local sequence order ‐txt‐ > ‐txc‐ >> ‐cxc‐. TFOs containing ap and g were found to bind to their DNA targets with TA inversion sites with less affinity and less selectivity compared to TFOs containing the corresponding deoxyribonucleosides, irrespective whether they were incorporated in TFOs with a DNA or a 2′‐AE‐RNA backbone. The obtained data suggest that guanine‐TA or aminopurine‐TA base‐triple formation is strongly sensitive to TFO conformation and more efficient in TFOs with a DNA than an RNA backbone. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
β‐Actin is not a reliable loading control in Western blot analysis
Authors: Dittmer Angela , Dittmer Jürgen 
Published: May 2006

Abstractβ‐Actin is often used as a loading control in Western blot analysis. We analyzed the ability of β‐actin‐specific antibodies to recognize differences in protein loading. We found that, at higher total protein loads as required for the detection of low‐abundance proteins, β‐actin‐specific antibodies failed to distinguish differences in actin protein levels. Diluting the antibody working solution or changing the incubation time had little effect on this phenomenon. This shows that β‐Actin is not a reliable loading control in Western blot analysis. In general, it appeared that, at longer incubation times, antibodies seem to be less able to pick up differences in the level of its target protein.
Multi‐linear Monte Carlo simulation for probabilistic three‐phase load flow
Authors: Carpinelli G. , Di Vito V. , Varilone P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSeveral transmission and distribution systems are known to have unbalanced lines and line sections carrying a mixture of single, double, and three‐phase loads; moreover, their steady‐state conditions are affected by unavoidable uncertainties that require to analyze these systems with probabilistic approaches. In this article, a probabilistic three‐phase load flow using a multi‐linear simulation algorithm is proposed. The method properly extends to the field of unbalanced systems a probabilistic method proposed for balanced systems. Numerical examples on the three‐phase unbalanced IEEE 13‐bus and 34‐bus distribution test systems are provided and discussed to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with the ones obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, which includes the non linear three‐phase load flow equations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of linear response identification techniques and reduced‐order model generation for a 2D CFD scheme
Authors: Gaitonde Ann L. , Jones D. P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractReduced‐Order Models (ROMs) have been the focus of research in various engineering situations, but it is only relatively recently that such techniques have begun to be introduced into the CFD field. The purpose of generating such models is to capture the dominant dynamics of the full set of CFD equations, but at much lower cost. One method that has been successfully implemented in the field of fluid flows is based on the calculation of the linear pulse responses of the CFD scheme coupled with an Eigensystem Realization algorithm (ERA), resulting in a compact aerodynamic model. The key to the models is the identification of the linear responses of the non‐linear CFD code. Two different methods have been developed and reported in literature for linear response identification; the first method linearizes the CFD code and the second method uses Volterra theory and the non‐linear code. As these methods were developed independently they have not previously been brought together and compared. This paper first explains the subtle, but fundamental differences between the two methods. In addition, a series of test cases are shown to demonstrate the performance and drawbacks of the ROMs derived from the different linear responses. The conclusions of this study provide useful guidance for the implementation of either of the two approaches to obtain the linear responses of an existing CFD code. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.