bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Birth Trauma in Australian Midwives: A Correlational Study
Authors: Charmer Lisa , Wallis Marianne , Jefford Elaine , Jomeen Julie 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:The Australian Health Practitioners Registration Agency (AHPRA) records 98.7% of the 32,000 registered midwives as female. In 2021, Australia recorded 309,996 births, and one in three women experienced birth trauma. While the exact proportion of midwives who have given birth is unknown, it is likely the majority. As a consequence, 5,000–11,000 midwives may have experienced primary birth trauma (PBT). Little is known about midwives’ personal experience of birth trauma and its relationship to factors that affect their experience of the maternity workplace setting.AIMS:This study aimed to explore mental health morbidity and factors associated with the severity of PBT in Australian midwives and the relationships between these factors and professional quality of life.METHODS:Australian registered midwives 12 months post birth trauma experience and having returned to the maternity workplace without restrictions to their AHPRA registration were included. Data were collected via an online survey with four validated tools and general demographic information.FINDINGS:Midwives who have experienced PBT have symptomology for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and burnout. Midwives with these symptomologies work within maternity settings with little known about the implications of accumulative symptoms, their impact on care provision or clinical decision-making, and overall long-term personal and professional well-being and health.CONCLUSION:This study found that midwives experience psychological, professional, and personal issues and trauma symptomology associated with their own primary birth trauma. Further research exploring simplified symptomatology identification and appropriate interventions both inside and outside the work environment is required to improve midwives’ mental health, rates of retention in the workplace, and job satisfaction.
It’s About Getting the Balance Right: Midwives’ Experiences With Using Communication Technology With Pregnant Women/People
Authors: Wakelin Karen J. , McAra-Couper Judith , Fleming Tania 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:The convenience of asynchronous communication such as texting has enabled people to quickly communicate with others. Concerns have been identified around the quality of relationships that are developed during these interactions with respect to privacy and confidentiality of information, particularly within a health care context. This has potential implications on the way midwives use technology when communicating with their clients.AIM:This article reports on how midwives find balance when using communication technology with their pregnant clients. This is achieved through balancing societal expectations on being connected 24/7 while maintaining their own work/life balance.METHODS:This article reports on phase 2A of a multiphase study. Semistructured interviews with 14 midwives who use communication technology such as texting with their pregnant clients were conducted online using the platform Microsoft Teams. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FINDINGS:The findings indicate that midwives are balancing how they use communication technology when communicating with their pregnant clients in three ways: (a) midwives are balancing the convenience of the technology with the relationships they develop with their pregnant clients within a continuity of care relationship; (b) midwives are balancing these communications while ensuring privacy and confidentiality of information; and (c) midwives are finding a balance between ensuring access for their pregnant clients while maintaining their own work/life balance.DISCUSSION:Midwives recognized that there is a need to balance the convenience of technology with the relationships they develop with their pregnant clients. They are adjusting and adapting to ensure they are connecting but also mindful of challenges with ensuring privacy and confidentiality of information. Midwives have shown how communication technology is part of a solution in enabling them to communicate with their clients while maintaining a better work/life balance.
Biomarker Hydrocarbons and Carbon Isotopes of Individual n-Alkanes in Paraffin Oils and Bitumens of the Middle Devonian–Lower Frasnian Terrigenous Complex of the Timan–Pechora Basin
Authors: Bushnev D.A. , Ilchenko A.A. , Ogdanets L.V. , Burdel’naya N.S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
––The objects of study were bitumens of sedimentary rocks and paraffin oils of the Middle Devonian–lower Frasnian terrigenous complex of the Timan–Pechora basin. We studied the composition of biomarker hydrocarbons and the carbon isotope composition of individual n-alkanes of bitumens from the cores of the wells of the Omra–Lyzha saddle. The results were compared with similar data on the composition of paraffin oils from the south of the Pechora–Kozhva megaswell. The generation potential and thermal maturity of organic matter were studied by the Rock-Eval pyrolysis method. The maturity of organic matter in the rocks of the studied complex in the Omra–Lyzha saddle and the Pechora–Kozhva megaswell corresponds to the oil window. Data on the carbon isotopy of n-alkanes and on the composition of biomarker hydrocarbons do not contradict the possible genetic relationship between paraffin oils and the organic matter of the host sedimentary complex. Both the studied paraffin oils and the rock bitumens contain early eluting rearranged hopanes atypical of oils of other petroliferous complexes and show high contents of n-alkanes relative to iso-alkanes and polycyclic biomarkers. The content of 13C tends to decrease with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkane molecule in both oils and bitumen rocks.
Bio-, Lithostratigraphic and Geochemical Markers of Global Events in the Upper Devonian of the South of Western Siberia and their Value for Inter-regional Correlations
Authors: Izokh O.P. , Izokh N.G. , Popov B.M. , Saraev S.V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
—Upper Devonian carbonate reef complexes have been studied on the territory of the Kolyvan-Tom’ Folded Area in sections in the right bank of Tom’ River. Facies analysis of the exposed part of the reef complex indicates the predominance of fore-reef and continental margin depositional environments of a tectonically active margin. The identified conodont associations are represented by cosmopolitan representatives of the genera Ancyrodella, Ancyrolepis, Icriodus, Mehlina, Palmatolepis, Polygnathus and “Polylophodonta” suggesting a correlation with the punctata–jamieae, rhenana–linguiformis, triangularis and Lower crepida conodont zones. The largest conodont diversity occurs at the triangularis/crepida boundary. Biofacies analysis of ostracod distribution has led to identification of characteristic associations and their restriction to certain parts of the palaeobasin. Substage boundaries yielded ostracods with both smooth and ornamented shells. In the lower part of the substages, smooth forms predominate, whereas the middle and upper parts of the substages are characterised by forms with tuberculate and reticulated surface. Hollinella valentinae Beds were traced in the Upper Frasnian Solomino Formation, and Acratia granuliformis Beds were traced in the Lower Famennian Kosoy Utyos and lower Mitikha members. Isotope geochemistry of the Upper Devonian sections of the south of Western Siberia reveals Frasnian global events – the Middlesex/punctata and the Upper Kellwasser, their stratigraphic position confirmed by palaeontological data, as well as by the globally expressed negative carbon isotope anomaly. These boundaries are marked by changes in depositional regime reflecting sea-level eustatic fluctuations, which are complemented with faunal changes.
Incipient nematicity from electron flat bands in a kagomé metal
Authors: Li Mingda , Drucker Nathan , Nguyen Thanh , Mandal Manasi , Siriviboon Phum , Quan Yujie , Boonkird Artittaya , Okabe Ryotaro , Li Fankang , Burrage Kaleb , Funuma Fumiaki , Matsuda Masaaki , Abernathy Douglas , Williams Travis , Chi Songxue , Ye Feng , Nelson Christie , Liao Bolin , Volkov Pavel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Engineering new quantum phases requires fine tuning of the electronic, orbital, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. To this end, kagomé lattice with flat bands has garnered great attention by hosting various topological and correlated phases. However, the impact of flat bands in materials’ macroscopic properties has been elusive. Here we discover the unconventional nematicity in kagomé metal CoSn. Thermodynamic, dilatometry, resonant X-ray scattering, inelastic neutron scattering, Lamour diffraction, and thermoelectric measurements consistently hint rotational symmetry-breaking and nematic order that is pronounced only near T* = 225 K. The observations, principally the nematic's finite temperature stability--incipience-- can be explained by a phenomenological model which reveals that thermally excited flat bands become unstable and promote symmetry breaking at a characteristic temperature determined by their energy distance from the Fermi level, qualitatively and quantitatively agreeing with the experiments. Our work shows that that thermal fluctuations, which are typically detrimental for correlated electronic phases, can induce new ordered states of matter.
Creating and controlling global Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on quantum processors
Authors: Wang Haohua , Bao Zehang , Xu Shibo , Song Zixuan , Wang Ke , Xiang Liang , Zhu Zitian , Chen Jiachen , Jin Feitong , Zhu Xuhao , Gao Yu , Wu Yaozu , Zhang Chuanyu , Wang Ning , Zou Yiren , Tan Ziqi , Zhang Aosai , Cui Zhengyi , Shen Fanhao , Zhong Jiarun , Li Tingting , Deng Jinfeng , Zhang Xu , Dong Hang , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Yangren , Zhao Liangtian , Hao Jie , Li Hekang , Wang Zhen , Song Chao , Guo Qiujiang , Huang Biao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states [1], also known as two-component Schr\"{o}dinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and, more attractively, in future quantum technologies such as fault-tolerant quantum computation [2, 3]. Enlargement in size and coherent control of GHZ states are both crucial for harnessing entanglement in advanced computational tasks with practical advantages, which unfortunately pose tremendous challenges as GHZ states are vulnerable to noise [4, 5]. Here we propose a general strategy for creating, preserving, and manipulating large-scale GHZ entanglement, and demonstrate a series of experiments underlined by high-fidelity digital quantum circuits. For initialization, we employ a scalable protocol to create genuinely entangled GHZ states with up to 60 qubits, almost doubling the previous size record [6]. For protection, we take a new perspective on discrete time crystals (DTCs) [7–16], originally for exploring exotic nonequilibrium quantum matters, and embed a GHZ state into the eigenstates of a tailor-made cat scar DTC [17] to extend its lifetime. For manipulation, we switch the DTC eigenstates with in-situ quantum gates to modify the effectiveness of the GHZ protection. Our findings establish a viable path towards coherent operations on large-scale entanglement, and further highlight superconducting processors as a promising platform to explore nonequilibrium quantum matters and emerging applications.
Intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Qu Fanfan , Cheng ming , Wang Hongxia , Ji Jianbin , Lei Yanan , Zhou Zhenghua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A large body of clinical data and observational studies suggest that intestinal flora is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the causal relationship between gut flora and UC remains to be determined. To investigate the potential causal relationship between intestinal flora and UC, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in this study. We obtained genome-wide association data for gut flora and UC from published GWAS databases and performed dual sample MR analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW) to identify potential UC beneficial or deleterious gut flora. Sensitivity analysis, including multi potency and heterogeneity assays, was performed to validate the stability of MR primary assays. In this study, we found a negative correlation between three genera of bacteria and the risk of UC developing into beneficial floras. They include Genus Butyrivibrio [OR = 0.908, 95%CI (0.835, 0.987), P = 0.0229]; Genus Clostridiuminnocuumgroup [OR = 0.847, 95%CI (0.752, 0.955), P = 0.00646]; and Genus Lactococcus [OR = 0.886, 95%CI (0.796, 0.986), P = 0.0263]. The analysis of pleiotropy showed that the MR-Egger regression intercept P > 0.05 for all three, and the Q-pval > 0.05 for the heterogeneity analysis, indicating that there was no pleiotropy or heterogeneity in the above-mentioned bacterial groups. This study expands the intestinal flora associated with UC risk and provides a theoretical basis for further relevant experiments and clinical studies.
Insight into enhancing the performance of sludge dewatering using a novel flocculant CS-TA prepared through free radical-mediated conjugation
Authors: Liu Yuejin , Niu Xiaojun , Zhang Dongqing , Zhou lingling , Tao chunyang , Lin yu , Chen siping , Chen yawen , Lin zhang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Flocculation is one of the most significant conditioning methods for sludge dewatering. In the present study, a novel flocculant CS-TA, which was prepared through free radical-mediated conjugation of tannic acid (TA) and chitosan (CS), was proposed to improve the performance of sludge dewatering. The findings indicate that the conditioning of CS-TA yielded the best dewatering performance at 30 mg g TS− 1 with water content of 59.78% and capillary suction time of 11.8s, compared to the Wsc of 98.2% and CST of 56.2s in raw sludge. The flocculation efficiency of different influencing factors were evaluated, indicating that CS-TA possessed the capacity for enhancing sludge dewaterability over a wide range of pH. Furthermore, the analysis of particle size implied that the addition of CS-TA favored the formation of larger particles. Meanwhile, the value of zeta potential of sludge was increased form − 24.29 ± 0.49 mV to -17.69 ± 0.35 mV after CS-TA conditioning, suggesting that CS-TA could improve sludge dewatering through charge neutralization, thus accelerating sludge filtration. In addition, extracellular polymer substances (EPS) analysis indicated that the decrease in the polysaccharide (PS) and protein (PN) contents in EPS after CS-TA addition could increase the relative hydrophobicity of sludge, contributing to a decrease in water content. The results of FTIR reinforced the breakdown of hydrophic functional groups of PN and PS, leading to the sludge hydrophobicity. This study provides a comprehensive insights into the exploration of CS-TA for sludge dewatering and the maintenance of ecological security in an eco-friendly way.
Enhanced Long Wavelength Mermin-Wagner Fluctuations in Two-Dimensional Active Crystals and Glasses
Authors: Karmakar Smarajit , Dey Subhodeep , Bhattacharya Antik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In two-dimensional (2D) systems, the Mermin-Wagner effect plays a significant role, giving rise to striking dimensionality effects marked by long-range density fluctuations and the divergence of various dynamic properties. This effect also unequivocally negates the possibility of stable crystalline phases in 2D particulate systems with continuous degrees of freedom. This effect has been recently discerned in glass-forming liquids, displaying characteristic signatures like the logarithmic divergence of mean squared displacement in the plateau regime. We explored these long-wavelength fluctuations in crystalline solids and glass-forming liquids in the presence of non-equilibrium active forces. Active systems can be thought of as a minimalistic model for understanding various non-equilibrium systems where the constituent particles' dynamics are controlled by both temperature and internal or external active forces. Such models often offer valuable insights into the dynamical behavior of biological systems, such as collections of cells, bacteria, ant colonies, or even synthetic self-propelled Janus colloids. Our study reveals that fluctuations stemming from active forces get strongly coupled with long wavelength fluctuations arising from thermal effects, resulting in dramatic dynamical effects in 2D systems. We also shed light on how these fluctuations impact dynamical heterogeneity, a defining characteristic of glassy dynamics.
Prognostic impact of nectin-like molecule-5 (CD155) expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Popa-Navarro Xitlally , Avilés-Salas Alejandro , Hernández-Pedro Norma , Orozco-Morales Mario , Caballé-Pérez Enrique , Castillo-Ruiz Cesar , Lucio-Lozada José , Barrios-Bernal Pedro , Hernandez-Martinez Juan-Manuel , Arrieta Oscar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
CD155, a transmembrane protein which inhibits antitumor immune responses, has been shown to be a predictor of worse clinical outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its association with the prognosis, clinical and genomic characteristics of Latin American patients remains unexplored. Thus, this study characterizes CD155 expression in NSCLC.
Materials and methods
Tissue biopsies from 86 consecutive Latin American patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC were assessed for CD155 protein expression, ALK rearrangements and EGFR mutations. Optimal cutoff values for CD155 expression were determined from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves according to the 2-year survival of patients with driver and non-driver mutations. Its association with clinicopathological features, median progression-free survival (mPFS), and median overall survival (mOS) was evaluated.
Results
The cutoff for high CD155 expression (CD155high) was 155 in the entire cohort and in patients without driver mutations, and 110 in patients with driver mutations. CD155 was detected in 84 patients (97.7%), more frequently (52.3%) and at higher levels (62.2%) in patients without driver mutations. EGFR L858R mutation was associated with lower CD155 expression than exon 19 deletion. CD155high patients had a significantly shorter mOS (13.0 vs 30.8 months; HR: 1.96 [95% CI, 1.15–3.35]; p = 0.014). Among patients without driver mutations, CD155high was related to significantly shorter mPFS (1.61 vs 6.40 months; HR: 2.04 [95% CI, 1.03–4.02]; p = 0.034) and mOS (2.92 vs 23.06 months; HR: 2.17 [95% CI, 1.07–4.42]; p = 0.032). In patients with driver mutations, CD155high was only borderline significant for shorter mOS (26.3 vs 52.0 months, HR: 2.39 [95% CI, 0.98–5.83]; p = 0.056).
Conclusion
CD155high is a predictor of worse survival outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC, predominantly among those without onco-driver mutations. CD155 could be a potential biomarker and a molecular target in patients with poor responses to current therapies.
Enhancing Student Engagement in Online Education: The Role of Self-Regulation and Teacher Support in Zambia
Authors: Daniel Kangwa , Msafiri Mgambi , WAN Xiulan , Fute Antony 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study examined the opportunities and difficulties of online learning in Zambia's higher education system, emphasizing the effects of self-regulation as a mediator between student participation in the classroom and online interactions that teachers guide. Students and teachers frequently encounter significant challenges, such as low motivation, engagement, and self-regulation, despite the growing popularity of online learning. Data was gathered from an online survey of 1323 undergraduate students who took online courses in blended learning environments at four higher education institutions in Zambia. The results show a substantial mediating effect of self-regulation between student learning engagement and teacher-scaffolded online interactions. Findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to enhance online learning experiences, including constructive feedback, conducive learning environments, and continuous professional development programs for teachers. Further, it highlights the importance of activities to improve students’ learning management skills and promote self-discipline in online learning. It highlights the vital role of self-regulation, active learning engagement, and teacher-scaffolded online interactions in online learning. It calls on school administrators to develop innovative ways to make participating in online learning more smoothly.
Engineering of novel g-C3N4 photocatalyst using arc-discharge synthesized sphere-like carbon nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Madhurima V. P. , Kumari Kusum , Jain P. K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst was engineered using arc-discharge-developed sphere-like carbon soot nanoparticles (CS) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4 or CN) through a single-step pyrolysis process. Different weight ratios were taken starting from 0.1–1% wt. of CS loading in the nanocomposite. All the as-prepared samples were tested under XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, PL, BET, XPS, UV-DRS, etc to study the optical, structural, morphological, chemical bonding and other crucial information. Further, the photocatalytic activity was studied by analysing the Rhodamine B (RhB) photodegradation performance. It was observed that 0.1% loaded sample removed 97% of RhB in 90 minutes whereas, pristine g-C3N4 removed 88% of the dye. The rate of reaction of the hybrid photocatalyst was 1.44 times greater than the pristine g-C3N4 material. This enhanced performance was dedicated to the superior surface area of CS material, longer lifetime of photo-generated charges, suitable band edge levels and band gap leading to synergistic charge separation.
Efficacy of SAL0114, an Oral NMDA Receptor Antagonist with Multimodal Activity, in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Hu Xuefeng , Xing Wei , Wang Ruhuan , Li Xiaoqing , Li Jiahuan , Yan Jie , Wu Junjun , Xiao Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The first FDA-approved rapid-acting antidepressant was esketamine, but its use was limited because of the risk of addiction, and although the subsequent combination of dextromethorphan (DM) + bupropion (BUP) has alleviated some of the problems, there is still a clinical need for safer and more effective compounds. In this paper, we use a strategy of deuterated substitution of DM to improve stability and reduce metabolites to improve safety and efficacy. We analyzed the effects of deuterium substitution on the in vitro activities of DM and deDX (deDM metabolite) by radioligand competition binding assay, evaluated the antidepressant and synergistic effects of deDM and BUP by a mouse behavioral despair model, and further assessed the synergistic mechanism of deDM and BUP by a reserpine-induced hypothermia rats model and an ammonia-induced cough mice model, which showed that deuterium substitution does not change the DM and deDX (deDM metabolite) in vitro activity, but can improve the in vivo effectiveness of DM, suggesting that deDM has the potential to be more stable in vivo with fewer metabolites, i.e., fewer side effects, and therefore, deDM and BUP is a safer and more potent combination for depressed patients than the combination of DM and BUP.