bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast‐growing bacteria from nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Dakora F.D. , Vincent J.M. 
Published: March 2008

Dakora, F.D. & Vincent, J.M. 1984. Fast‐growing bacteria from nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 327–330.First plating from nodules of cowpea frequently yielded fast‐growing large colonies, either apparently uniform or associated with small colony forms typical of the expected slow‐grower (Bradyrhizobium). Most cultures from single large colonies nodulated both cowpea and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), but all such nodules revealed Bradyrhizobium alone or associated with a fast‐growing form. Six of nine plants inoculated with a mixed inoculum of slow and fast forms had nodules occupied by both although in no case was the fast‐grower able to secure solo invasion. Most of the fast‐growing forms shared some internal antigens with Rhizo‐biurn meliloti and/or R. trifolii; none reacted with antiserum to Bradyrhizobium CB 756.
Lack of correlation between the presence of plasmids and fimbriae in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Skurnik M. 
Published: March 2008

Skurnik, M. 1984. Lack of correlation between the presence of plasmids and fimbriae in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 355–363.Thirty‐nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and 10 strains of Yersinia pseudoluber‐culosis were studied for the presence of fimbriae, plasmids and two plasmid associated phenotypic expressions, autoagglutination and Ca2+ dependent growth at 37d̀C. All of the strains studied became fimbriated, which was confirmed by electron microscopy and haemagglutination tests. Fimbriation was not correlated with the presence or absence of plasmids.
Production of amylase by Aspergillus foetidus on rice flour medium and characterization of the enzyme
Authors: Michelena V.V. , Castillo F.J. 
Published: March 2008

Michelena, V.V. & Castillo, F.J. 1984. Production of amylase by Aspergillus foetidus on rice flour medium and characterization of the enzyme. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 395–407.Aspergillus foetidus ATCC 10254 was selected from nine starch‐utilizing microorganisms for its high amylolytic activity. This mould produced high levels of extracellular α‐amylase in rice starch medium and degraded the available starch efficiently. Optimal conditions for enzyme production on 2.0% rice medium included 28d̀C, initial pH of 6.6, and supplementations with 0.02% NaNO2, 0.08% KH2PO4, and 0.08% corn steep liquor. Eleven‐fold purification of the enzyme was obtained after ammonium sulphate and ethanol precipitations from spent medium. The molecular weight was estimated at 41 500. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 5.0 and 45d̀C. Michaelis‐Menten constants were 1.14 mg/ml on amylopectin, 2.19 mg/ml on soluble starch and 7.65 mg/ml on amylose. Amylose produced substrate inhibition while glucose or maltose did not inhibit the enzyme. This α‐amylase may be used as a saccharifying enzyme for rice starch. Aspergillus foetidus ATCC 10254 also presents a potential for treatment of starch‐containing waste waters.
Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species from porcine samples obtained from an abattoir
Authors: Harmon M.C. , Swaminathan B. , Forrest J.C. 
Published: March 2008

Harmon, M.C., Swaminathan, B. & Forrest, J.C. 1984. Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species from porcine samples obtained from an abattoir. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 421–427.Swabs of swine carcasses and samples of porcine tongue and trim obtained from an abattoir were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species (Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. frederiksenii). Three enrichment media (phosphate buffered saline, sorbitol‐bile salts‐phosphate buffered saline, and a modified Rappaport's broth) were compared at 4d̀C for their efficiency of recovery of Y. enterocolitica and related species. Two secondary enrichment procedures (post‐enrichment in modified Rappaport's broth for 2 d at 25d̀C and treatment with 0.5% KOH in 0.5% NaCl) also were evaluated. The porcine isolates were characterised by biochemical and serological examination, speciation, and biotyping. Eight of 43 samples were positive for Y. enterocolitica and related species. The combination of incubation in sorbitol‐bile salts‐phosphate buffered saline for 21 d at 4d̀C followed by post‐enrichment in modified Rappaport's broth yielded maximum number of isolates. All isolates, except one, were avirulent as determined by auto‐agglutination, calcium dependence at 37d̀C, and HeLa cell invasiveness tests.
Two unusual budding bacteria isolated from a swimming pool
Authors: Sly L.I. , Hargreaves Megan H. 
Published: March 2008

Sly, L.I. & Hargreaves, M.H. 1984. Two unusual budding bacteria isolated from a swimming pool. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 479–486.Two unusual strains of budding bacteria were isolated on a Millipore Pseudomonas Count Water Tester during routine monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts in a swimming pool. The first isolate has been identified as Blastobacter sp. It was a yellow‐pigmented, Gram negative rod‐shaped organism with a polar holdfast by which it attached to solid surfaces or other cells to form rosettes. The cells reproduced by asymmetric division or budding at the free pole of the cell, producing motile daughter cells with a single polar flagellum. The second isolate, which has not yet been identified, was a red‐pigmented, Gram negative rod‐shaped organism which produced one or more buds at each pole of the cell. Cell division appears to occur by both binary fission and by budding. Both organisms were strict aerobes, catalase and oxidase positive and did not produce acid from glucose in Hugh and Leifson medium.
Changes in metabolism and cell size of the anaerobic bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium 0078A at the onset of growth in continuous culture
Authors: Silley P. , Armstrong D. G. 
Published: March 2008

Silley, P. & Armstrong, D.G. 1984. Changes in metabolism and cell size of the anaerobic bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium 0078A at the onset of growth in continuous culture. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 487–492.Initial metabolism of Selenomonas ruminantium 0078A in continuous culture was characterized by a high lactate and low volatile fatty acid production; this was associated with poor growth as determined by bacterial dry weight production, yet individual cells were considerably larger than those of the inoculum. Biomass production increased, cell size decreased and the fermentation pattern reverted to the characteristic low lactate and high volatile fatty acid production after approximately 90 h growth.
A note on the effect of combined ultrasonic and heat treatments on the survival of thermoduric streptococci
Authors: Ordoñez J.A. , Sanz B. , Hernandez P.E. , Lopez‐Lorenzo P. 
Published: March 2008

Ordonez, J.A. Sanz, B. Hernandez, P.E. Lopez‐Lorenzo, P 1984, A note on the effect of combined ultrasonic and heat treatments on the survival of thermoduric streptococci. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 56, 175–177.The combined destructive effect of ultrasonic waves and heating on microorganisms has been investigated using as a model two species of thermoduric streptococci. Ultrasonic and heat treatments applied simultaneously were much more destructive than the additive effect of the two agents considered independently. Compared with heat alone, the simultaneous application of ultrasonic vibration and heat reduced the resistance of the organisms 6–11.fold.
A note on crossing experiments with Aspergillus niger for the production of calcium gluconate
Authors: Kundu P.M. , Das A. 
Published: March 2008

Kundu, P.N. & Das, A. 1985. A note on crossing experiments with Aspergillus niger for the production of calcium gluconate. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 1–5.A strong calcium gluconate‐producing strain of Aspergillus niger (MN181) was obtained by way of mutagenic treatment. Its growth was very slow with moderate sporulation. The strain was treated with N‐methyl‐N‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidne (MNNG) and some auxotrophic mutants were obtained. All were less productive than the parent strain in producing calcium gluconate. The reduced yield was corrected in the heterokaryons and diploids derived by crossing sister strains. One diploid strain (D4), heterozygous for auxotrophy and conidial colour markers was grown in the presence of 4% alcohol and 31 segregants were isolated which included both haploid and diploid strains. Their yields were studied and some recombinants were obtained which, in spite of the same yield of MN181, showed improvement in giving fast growth and abundant sporulation.
Recovery of heat‐stressed yeasts in media containing plant oleoresins
Authors: Conner D.E. , Beuchat L.R. 
Published: March 2008

Conner, D.E. & Beuchat, L.R. 1985. Recovery of heat‐stressed yeasts in media containing plant oleoresins. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 49–55.Oleoresins from seven plants (allspice, cinnamon, clove, garlic, onion, oregano, and thyme) were tested for their effects on eight genera of sublethally heated food‐spoilage and industrially important yeasts (Candida lipolytica, Debaryomyces han‐senii, Hansenula anomala, Kloeckera apiculata, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Torulopsis glabrata). All heat‐stressed yeasts had increased sensitivity to oleoresins in recovery media. Heated cells were most sensitive to cinnamon oleoresin, a lethal effect being observed to concentrations as low as 5 μg/ml. Results indicate that all eight yeasts underwent metabolic and/or structural injury as a result of exposure to elevated temperature. Whilst changes in sensitivity to oleoresins were not the same for all yeasts, it is concluded that the oleoresins may have a pronounced synergistic or additive effect on thermal inactivation of yeasts in foods. Furthermore, carryover of oleoresins in low dilutions of food to enumeration media could adversely influence the recovery of heat‐stressed cells, thus resulting in apparent low populations.
A note on an in vitro test system to compare the bactericidal properties of wound dressings
Authors: Holland K.T. , Davis W. 
Published: March 2008

Holland, K.T. & Davis, W. 1985. A note on an in vitro test system to compare the bactericidal properties of wound dressing. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 61–63.An in vitro method of comparing the antimicrobial properties of dressings used on human skin is described and has been tested with two samples of tulle gras. The method has advantages over agar diffusion methods by providing flexibility of test conditions and kinetic data for analysis.
Application of current methods for isolation and identification of staphylococci in raw bovine milk
Authors: Harvey J. , Gilmour A. 
Published: March 2008

Harvey, J. & Gilmour, A. 1985. Application of current methods for isolation and identification of staphylococci in raw bovine milk. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 207–221.Samples of raw milk were examined for counts of somatic cells, total viable bacteria, staphylococci (Schleifer & Kramer' medium) and Staphylococcus aureus (Baird‐Parker medium, Baird‐Parker medium with pig plasma and Baird‐Parker medium with additional antibiotics). For the isolation of staphylococci from raw milk, Schleifer & Kramer' medium was found to be very selective and in general performed satisfactorily. From the results obtained with the three remaining media the continued use of Baird‐Parker medium for isolation of Staph. aureus from raw milk is recommended with the proviso that colonies selected for identification should include those that clear and do not clear the egg yolk and are not limited to colonies with diameters > 1 mm. Staphylococci isolated from raw milk were identified by key tests using a multipoint inoculation procedure. A selected number were also examined by the API STAPH system in conjunction with the API LAB computer programme for identification of staphylococci. Of the staphylococci examined, 90–0% were identified using the multipoint procedure. For strains identified as Staph. aureus, Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. simulans, Staph. xylosus or members of the Staph. hominis/Staph. warneri/Staph haemolyticus group, the API system provided confirmatory evidence. With strains identified by the multipoint procedure as Staph. hyicus subsp. chromogenes, Staph. sciuri subsp. sciuri and Staph. sciuri subsp. lentus the API system did not always provide concurring results. Several strains which could not be identified by the multipoint procedure could be identified by the API system. Staph. aureus, Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus and Staph. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains isolated from milk were examined for production of enterotoxin A‐E. Only 3–9% of Staph. aureus strains examined produced detectable enterotoxin (type C). None of the Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus or Staph. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains produced any of the known enterotoxins.
Malachite green pre‐enrichment medium for improved salmonella isolation from heavily contaminated samples
Authors: Schothorst M. van , Renaud A. M. 
Published: March 2008

Van Schothorst, M. & Renaud, A. M. 1985. Malachite green pre‐enrichment for improved salmonella isolation from heavily contaminated samples. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 223–230.Large numbers of competitive bacteria may hinder the isolation of salmonellas from food and environmental samples when a pre‐enrichment method is used. The addition of 0.1 g/1 of malachite green (MG) to buffered peptone water (BPW) inhibited the multiplication of Gram‐positive bacteria. Brilliant green had a similar effect but only when the normal recommended concentration of 0.02 g/1 was raised to 0.05 g/1. Pure strains of salmonellas were inhibited by MG in BPW, but addition of non fat dried milk (NFDM) (5 g/1 or more) counteracted this effect. MG did not affect the recovery of salmonellas injured by heat, freezing, low water activity or acidity in BPW with NFDM. It was concluded that addition of MG to BPW may improve the possibility of isolating salmonellas from heavily contaminated materials by limiting the competitive growth of Gram‐positive bacteria and the subsequent lowering of the pH of the broth.
The establishment of reproducible, complex communities of oral bacteria in the chemostat using defined inocula
Authors: McKee Ailsa S. , McDermid Ann S. , Ellwood D.C. , Marsh P.D. 
Published: March 2008

McKee, A.S., McDermid, A.S., Ellwood, D.C. & Marsh, P.D. The establishment of reproducible, complex communities of oral bacteria in the chemostat using defined inocula. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 263–275.Nine commonly isolated oral bacterial populations were inoculated into a glucose‐limited and a glucose‐excess (ammo acid‐limited) chemostat maintained at a constant pH 7.0 and a mean community generation time of 13.9 h. The bacterial populations were Streptococcus mutans ATCC 2–27351, Strep, sanguis NCTC 7865, Strep, mitior EF 186, Actinomyces viscosus WVU 627, Lactobacillus casei AC 413, Neisseria sp. A1078, Veillonella alkalescens ATCC 17745, Bacteroides intermedius T 588 and Fusobacterium nucleatum NCTC 10593. All nine populations became established in the glucose‐limited chemostat although Strep, sanguis and Neisseria sp. were present only after a second and third inoculation, respectively. In contrast, even following repeated inoculations, Strep, mutans, B. intermedius and Neisseria sp. could not be maintained under glucose‐excess conditions. A more extensive pattern of fermentation products and amino acid catabolism occurred under glucose‐limited growth; this simultaneous utilization of mixed substrates also contributed to the higher yields (Y molar glucose) and greater species diversity of these communities. Microscopic and biochemical evidence suggested that cell‐to‐cell interactions and food chains were occurring among community members. To compare the repro‐ductibility of this system, communities were established on three occasions under glucose‐limitation and twice under glucose‐excess conditions. The bacterial composition of the steady‐state communities and their metabolic behaviour were similar when grown under identical conditions but varied in a consistent manner according to the nutrient responsible for limiting growth. Although a direct simulation of the oral cavity was not attempted, the results show that the chemostat could be used as an environmentally‐related model to grow complex but reproducible communities of oral bacteria for long periods from a defined inoculum.
A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene
Authors: Scott Elizabeth , Bloomfield Sally F. 
Published: March 2008

Scott, E. & Bloomfield, S.F. 1985. A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene, Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 291–297.The bacterial contamination of hospital and institutional toilets and toilet areas which were cleaned daily was investigated. The effect of daily disinfection with hypochlorite or a quaternary ammonium product, or with a continuous‐release hypochlorite disinfectant system, based on the chlorine‐releasing agent trichloro‐isocyanuric acid, was determined. The continuous release system produced substantial and sustained reduction in contamination of the toilet itself (water, toilet bowl and rim) and some reduction in contamination of sites surrounding the toilet (seat, floor, and air). By contrast, although daily disinfection produced some reduction in contamination compared with daily cleaning, the reductions were less than that associated with the continuous release system and indicated the inadequacy of daily disinfection and/or cleaning for toilets where effective procedures are required.
A note on the enumeration of manganese‐oxidizing bacteria in estuarine water and sediment samples
Authors: Vojak P.W.L. , Edwards C. , Jones M.V. 
Published: March 2008

Vojak, P.W.L., Edwards, C. & Jones, M.V. 1985. A note on the enumeration of manganese‐oxidizing bacteria in estuarine water and sediment samples. Journal at Applied Bacteriology 59, 375–379.Media for the enumeration of manganese‐oxidizing bacteria in estuarine water and sediment samples were compared. A peptone/yeast extract medium containing manganese sulphate and 30% (v/v) sea salts solution gave the highest percentage of manganese‐oxidizers and high total viable counts. A survey of estuarine (River Tamar) and marine (English Channel) sites indicated that manganese‐oxidizing bacteria comprise a significant but variable proportion (11–85%) of the total bacterial count.
Amines in fresh beef of normal pH and the role of bacteria in changes in concentration observed during storage in vacuum packs at chill temperatures
Authors: Edwards R.A. , Dainty R.H. , Hibbard C.M. , Ramantanis S.V. 
Published: March 2008

Edwards, R.A., Dainty, R.H., Hibbard, C.M. & Ramantanis, S.V. 1987. Amines in fresh beef of normal pH and the role of bacteria in changes in concentration observed during storage in vacuum packs at chill temperatures.The amine content of fresh and vacuum‐packaged beef of normal pH stored at 1°C was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography of dansyl derivatives. Fresh samples contained five amines, viz. putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, sperm‐ine and spermidine. Development of a natural spoilage flora during storage led to increases in concentration of putrescine and cadaverine and the production of a sixth amine, tyramine. Pure culture meat inoculation experiments showed tyramine formation to be restricted to lactobacilli and to strains of Lactobacillus divergens and Lact. carnis in particular; strains of leuconostocs, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta were negative. Production of tyramine at cell densities >log10 6/cm2 indicated its potential as an objective measure of acceptability/spoilage.
Prediction of the shelf‐life of pasteurized milk at different storage temperatures
Authors: Griffiths M.W. , Phillips J.D. 
Published: March 2008

Initial psychrotroph counts determined by a Most Probable Number technique were correlated with shelf‐lives of pasteurized milk determined at a number of storage temperatures. The initial psychrotroph count was also correlated with a bacterial count carried out on milk agar containing crystal violet penicillin and nisin after previous incubation of the milk at 15°C for 25 h.Pre‐incubation counts carried out at a variety of temperatures and on a variety of media were examined for their relation to shelf‐life. Shelf‐lives at four pre‐set temperatures (2, 6, 10 and 14°C) could best be predicted by pre‐incubation of pasteurized milk at 15°C before inoculation on milk agar.An equation which allows prediction of shelf‐life of pasteurized milk at any storage temperature is described.
Detecting aberrant strains in bacterial groups as an aid to constructing databases for computer identification
Authors: LANGHAM C.D. , SNEATH P.H.A. , WILLIAMS S.T. , MORTIMER A.M. 
Published: March 2008

Computer assisted identification systems require that databases on the test results of the species are of high quality. One reason for poor quality is the inadvertent inclusion of strains that do not belong to a taxon; this can readily occur in groups where ancillary criteria (e.g. serology) are not available. A possible strategy is to exclude strains that are very atypical in their properties, i.e. that are very outlying, provided an objective criterion can be used.A computer program, OUTLIER, for the detection of outlying strains in bacterial clusters was evaluated. A brief description of the theory and operation of the program is given. The program uses as an objective criterion the degree to which the strain data fits a chi‐square. This allows easy identification of aberrant strains that should be excluded in constructing a database.The program utilizes 1,0 data and calculations are based upon a choice of one of four identification coefficients. The relative merits of these four coefficients were examined for eight sets of bacterial data. Two of the coefficients, ‐log10 Willcox likelihood and Taxonomic distance squared appear to show little significant differences and we recommend these for routine work, with the first being the more useful. The Pattern distance squared was useful in indicating where atypical strains may be metabolically less active or slow‐growing members of a cluster rather than true outliers. The Variance‐weighted Taxonomic distance squared behaved anomalously and we do not recommend it.
Evaluation of different plating media used in the isolation of salmonellas from environmental samples
Authors: MORINCIGO M.A. , MARTINEZ‐MANZANARES E. , MUNCOZ A. , CORNAX R. , ROMERO P. , BORREGO J.J. 
Published: March 2008

Different serotypes of salmonellas were compared for selectivity and efficiency of recovery using 11 plating media. No optimal growth was obtained after 24h incubation in any of the media, but after 48h, brilliant green, brilliant green‐phenol red‐lactose‐sucrose, bismuth sulphite, xylose‐lysine‐deoxycholate and Hektoen enteric agars showed optimal recovery of all the salmonella serotypes.Xylose‐lysine‐deoxycholate and brilliant green‐phenol red‐lactose‐sucrose agars were the most selective media for all salmonella serotypes. Addition of 10 μg/ml of sodium novobiocin to the tryptic soy‐xylose‐lysine and tryptic soy‐brilliant green agars significantly improved their selectivity but reduced or inhibited the growth of some salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella typhi. Xylose‐lysine‐deoxycholate agar gave the highest recovery percentage of stressed salmonellas with a double‐agar layer technique. Good recovery was also obtained on brilliant green‐phenol red‐lactose‐sucrose, tryptic soy‐brilliant green, tryptic soy‐brilliant green‐novobiocin, tryptic, soy‐xylose‐lysine and tryptic soy‐xylose‐lysine‐novobiocin agars. Salmonella‐shigella agar was the least efficient medium for the recovery of salmonellas under stress‐induced or non‐stressed conditions.