bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokines and chemokines in testicular inflammation: A brief review
Authors: Guazzone Vanesa Anabella , Jacobo Patricia , Theas María Susana , Lustig Livia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA wide spectrum of data in the literature shows the relevance of cytokines as paracrine regulators of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in the normal testis. In this brief review, we highlight the relevance of cytokines in the testis during inflammation. This phenomenon involves complex and multiple interactions among immune and germ cells generally resulting in the alteration of spermatogenesis. The complexity of these cell interactions is multiplied because Sertoli and Leydig cells are also producers of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Also, cytokines are pleiotropic and they exert opposite and/or redundant effects in different conditions. However, in spite of this bidirectional immunoregulatory function of cytokines, the mass of the data, reported from experiments of acute testicular inflammation, shows upregulation of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1α, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), which induce adverse effects on germ cells. In autoimmune orchitis, a chronic testicular inflammation, chemokines such as CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 induce attraction and extravasation of immune cells within the testicular interstitium. These cells alter the normal immunosuppressor microenvironment principally through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, interferon‐γ initially, and IL‐6 and TNF‐α thereafter. Germ cells expressing TNFR1, IL‐6R, and Fas increase in number and undergo apoptosis, through the TNF‐α/TNFR1, IL‐6/IL‐6R, and Fas/Fas L systems. The knowledge of immune‐germ and somatic testicular cell interactions will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms by which chronic inflammatory conditions of the testis can disrupt the process of spermatogenesis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial phenotypic correction and immune tolerance induction to enzyme replacement therapy after hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer of α‐glucosidase in Pompe disease
Authors: Douillard‐Guilloux Gaëlle , Richard Emmanuel , Batista Lionel , Caillaud Catherine 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundGlycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) or Pompe disease is an inherited disease of glycogen metabolism caused by a lack of functional lysosomal acid α‐glucosidase (GAA). Affected individuals store glycogen in lysosomes resulting in fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure in the most severe form. Even if enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has already proven some efficacy, its results remain heterogeneous in skeletal muscle, especially in cross reactive immunological material (CRIM)‐negative patients. We investigated for the first time the use of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy in a murine model of GSDII.MethodsDeficient HSC were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing human GAA or enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the retroviral MND promoter and transplanted into lethally irradiated GSDII mice. Animals were then subjected to an ERT protocol for 5 weeks and monitored for metabolic correction and GAA‐induced immune reaction.ResultsGAA was expressed as a correctly processed protein, allowing a complete enzymatic correction in transduced deficient cells without toxicity. Seventeen weeks after transplantation, a partial restoration of the GAA enzymatic activity was observed in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of GSDII mice, allowing a significant glycogen clearance in skeletal muscle. ERT induced a robust antibody response in GFP‐transplanted mice, whereas no immune reaction could be detected in GAA‐transplanted mice.ConclusionsLentiviral vector‐mediated HSC gene therapy leads to a partial metabolic correction and induces a tolerance to ERT in GSDII mice. This strategy could enhance the efficacy of ERT in CRIM‐negative Pompe patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sinonasal Wegener granulomatosis: A single‐institution experience with 120 cases
Authors: Cannady Steven B. , Batra Pete S. , Koening Curry , Lorenz Robert R. , Citardi Martin J. , Langford Carol , Hoffman Gary S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is intimately associated with the sinonasal tract, with involvement reported in 85% of patients during the course of the disease process. The objectives of the study were: 1) to describe sinonasal symptoms and signs at the time of initial otolaryngologic evaluation; and 2) to review indications and outcomes for rhinologic surgery in WG at our institution.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 120 patients presenting with WG and referred for otolaryngology consultation at a tertiary care center was performed.Results:Eighty‐nine percent of patients exhibited sinonasal involvement including nasal crusting (69%), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) (61%), nasal obstruction (58%), bloody nasal discharge (52%), septal perforation (33%), saddle‐nose deformity (23%), epiphora (13%), and mucocele formation (3.3%). Thirty‐nine (33%) patients underwent primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery or dacryocystorhinotomy (DCR) prior to referral. Nineteen (16%) patients underwent noncosmetic, functional sinonasal procedures at our institution. These included endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS or mucocele decompression in 14 patients, DCR for chronic epiphora in seven patients, and orbital decompression for pseudotumor in three patients. Individual symptom recurrence within the first year was greatest for visual impairment from pseudotumor (50%), followed by CRS (14%) and nasolacrimal duct obstruction (11%).Conclusions:The majority of patients with WG are referred to otolaryngology because of involvement of the sinonasal tract. Noncosmetic functional sinonasal procedures are indicated in a minority of patients. Sinonasal morbidity remains significant even after surgery. It is greatest for orbital pseudotumor, but also common for CRS and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Laryngoscope, 2009
Phonation threshold flow measurements in normal and pathological phonation
Authors: Zhuang Peiyun , Sprecher Alicia J. , Hoffman Matthew R. , Zhang Yi , Fourakis Marios , Jiang Jack J. , Wei Chun Sheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Phonation threshold flow (PTF) may provide a tool to assess laryngeal function and could differentiate between normal and pathological voices. Both polyps and nodules contribute to an increased PTF by creating an incomplete glottal closure and increased vocal fold mass and thickness.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:The Kay Elemetrics Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS) (Kay Elemetrics Corp., Lincoln Park, NJ) was used to collect mean flow rate (MFR) and PTF measurements from 40 normal subjects, 21 patients with vocal fold nodules, and 23 patients with vocal fold polyps. Gender‐based differences were assessed using a t test. The effect of vocal pathology on PTF and MFR was determined with an ANOVA. Diagnostic potential was evaluated using a receiver operation characteristics (ROC) analysis.Results:Both PTF (P = .047) and MFR (P = .008) were significantly affected by gender. Using a two‐way ANOVA and correcting for gender differences, the influence of pathology on PTF was determined to be significant (P < .001). Post hoc tests found a significant difference between normal and polyp subjects (P < .001) but not normal and nodule subjects (P = .177) or nodule and polyp subjects (P = .246). ROC analysis found that PTF (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.691) and MFR (AUC = 0.684) had a similar diagnostic utility.Conclusions:PTF can be used to differentiate between normal and pathological voices. As a parameter that is experimentally sensitive to the biomechanical parameters providing its theoretical basis, it could be used clinically to analyze laryngeal functionality. Future research could focus on measuring PTF in other pathologies, such as paralysis or scarring, which would also affect the effort required to produce voice. Laryngoscope, 2009
Arytenoid adduction with medialization laryngoplasty versus injection or medialization laryngoplasty: The role of the arytenoidopexy
Authors: Mortensen Melissa , Carroll Linda , Woo Peak 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:There continues to be controversy about the added role of arytenoid adduction (AA) in the rehabilitation of unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP). Some authors feel that the added morbidity of AA is not warranted in UVCP rehabilitation. Objective analysis of acoustic and aerodynamic measures were performed before and after surgery to try to resolve this controversy.Methods:This is an institutional review board–approved retrospective study of 85 patients with UVCP undergoing surgical rehabilitation by injection laryngoplasty (n = 45), medialization laryngoplasty (n = 14), or medialization laryngoplasty with arytenoid adduction (n = 26). Acoustic and aerodynamic parameters were studied before and after surgery. The medialization laryngoplasty (ML) group (medialization alone, injection laryngoplasty ML/IL) data were compared to the AA‐ML group using a paired t test for the individual measures and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the multivariate analysis of acoustic and aerodynamic measures.Results:In all treatment arms there were statistically significant improvements in all acoustic and aerodynamic measures after intervention (P < .05). For ML and IL, the mean difference between preoperative from postoperative jitter was 1.504%, shimmer 3.265%, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) 0.036, mean phonation time 4.523 seconds, transglottic flow 0.130 L/s, and subglottic pressure 0.616 cm H2O. For AA‐ML the mean difference between preoperative and postoperative jitter was 2.431%, shimmer 6.068%, NHR 0.082, mean phonation time 6.74 seconds, flow 0.181 L/s, and subglottic pressure 0.611 cm H2. Preoperatively, the average phonatory function of the AA‐ML group was worse than the ML group. Comparison between the two treatment arms, individual acoustic and aerodynamic measures, were not different (paired t test, P < .05). However, mulitvariate analysis (ANOVA, P < .05) of acoustic and aerodynamic measures, showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The degree of change was significantly better in the AA‐ML group.Conclusions:AA‐ML and IL/ML improve phonatory function, but not to normal. We were unable to demonstrate a statistical difference between groups using a single measure, but using mutlivariate analysis, there is a statistical significance between the groups. AA‐ML patients had worse preoperative function and had better postoperative function. When clinically indicated, AA‐ML procedure does appear to correct the physiology of the incompetent larynx better than ML alone. Laryngoscope, 2009
An EPR Study of the V(IV) Species Formed Upon Activation of a Vanadyl Phenoxyimine Polymerization Catalyst with AlR3 and AlR2Cl (R = Me, Et)
Authors: Soshnikov Igor E. , Semikolenova Nina V. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Shubin Alexander A. , Zakharov Vladimir A. , Redshaw Carl , Talsi Evgenii P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVanadium(IV) complexes formed in the systems L2VIVO/AlR3, L2VIVO/AlR3/ETA, L2VIVO/AlR2Cl, and L2VIVO/AlR2Cl/ETA, where L is a phenoxyimine ligand (Scheme 1), R = Me or Et, and ETA is ethyltrichloroacetate, were monitored by EPR. It was shown, that at 20 °C, V(IV) complexes with proposed structures (L′)VIV(O)(R)(AlR3) are formed in the systems L2VIVO/AlR3 and L2VIVO/AlR3/ETA, whereas complexes with proposed structures (L′)VIV(O)(R)(AlR2Cl) are formed in the systems L2VIVO/AlR2Cl and L2VIVO/AlR2Cl/ETA (L′ is the modified initial ligand). The systems L2VIVO/AlR3/ETA are inert towards polymerization of ethylene, whereas the systems L2VIVO/AlR2Cl/ETA are moderately active in this reaction. The polymerization activity of the systems L2VIVO/AlR2Cl/ETA correlates with the concentration of V(IV) species present in the reaction solution. V(IV) complexes of the type (L′)VIV(O)(R)(AlR2Cl) can be precursors of the active species of polymerization.magnified image
Enforced expression of PPP1R13L increases tumorigenesis and invasion through p53‐dependent and p53‐independent mechanisms
Authors: Laska Magdalena J. , Lowe Scott W. , Zender Lars , Hearn Stephen , Vogel Ulla , Jensen Uffe B. , Bric Anka , Nexø Bjørn A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPPP1R13L was initially identified as a protein that binds to the NF‐κB subunit p65/RelA and inhibits its transcriptional activity. It also binds p53 and inhibits its action. One set of experimental findings based on overexpression of PPP1R13L indicates that PPP1R13L blocks apoptosis. Another set of experiments, based on endogenous production of PPP1R13L, suggests that the protein may sometimes be pro‐apoptotic. We have used primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), dually transformed by HRAS and adenovirus E1A and differing in their p53 status, to explore the effects of PPP1R13L overexpression, thus examining the ability of PPP1R13L to act as an oncoprotein. We found that overexpression of PPP1R13L strongly accelerated tumor formation by RAS/E1A. PPP1R13L overexpressing cells were depleted for both p53 and active p65/RelA and we found that both p53‐dependent and ‐independent apoptosis pathways were modulated by PPP1R13L. Finally, studies with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 revealed that overexpression of PPP1R13L causes faster p53 degradation, a likely explanation for the depletion of p53. Taken together, our results show that increased levels of PPP1R13L can increase tumorigenesis and furthermore suggest that PPP1R13L can influence metastasis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ozone paradox: Ozone is a strong oxidant as well as a medical drug
Authors: Bocci Velio , Borrelli Emma , Travagli, Valter , Zanardi Iacopo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAfter five decades characterized by empiricism and several pitfalls, some of the basic mechanisms of action of ozone in pulmonary toxicology and in medicine have been clarified. The present knowledge allows to understand the prolonged inhalation of ozone can be very deleterious first for the lungs and successively for the whole organism. On the other hand, a small ozone dose well calibrated against the potent antioxidant capacity of blood can trigger several useful biochemical mechanisms and reactivate the antioxidant system. In detail, firstly ex vivo and second during the infusion of ozonated blood into the donor, the ozone therapy approach involves blood cells and the endothelium, which by transferring the ozone messengers to billions of cells will generate a therapeutic effect. Thus, in spite of a common prejudice, single ozone doses can be therapeutically used in selected human diseases without any toxicity or side effects. Moreover, the versatility and amplitude of beneficial effect of ozone applications have become evident in orthopedics, cutaneous, and mucosal infections as well as in dentistry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Another ten stories in antiviral drug discovery (part C): “Old” and “new” antivirals, strategies, and perspectives
Authors: De Clercq Erik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe ten stories told here deal with (i) ribavirin as an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase and (ii) ribavirin, in combination with pegylated interferon, as the present “standard of care” for hepatitis C; (iii)S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors as antiviral agents; (iv) new adamantadine derivatives for the treatment of influenza A virus infections; (v) 5‐substituted 2′‐deoxyuridines (i.e. IDU, TFT) for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections; (vi) acyclic guanosine analogues (e.g. acyclovir) for the treatment of HSV infections; (vii) OMP decarboxylase inhibitors (i.e. pyrazofurin) and CTP synthetase inhibitors (i.e. cyclopentenylcytosine) as possible antiviral agents; (viii) the future of cidofovir (and alkoxyalkyl esters thereof) and ST‐246 as potential antipoxvirus agents; (ix) the two decade journey from tivirapine to rilpivirine in the ultimate therapy of HIV infections; and (x) the extension of the therapeutic application of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) to the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, in addition to HIV infection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
A novel method to prepare temperature/pH‐sensitive poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogels with rapid swelling/deswelling behaviors
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Liu Mingzhu , Huang Jing , Ma Liwei , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFast responsive temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive hydrogels of poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (P(DEA‐co‐AA)) have been synthesized successfully by a two‐step procedure, in which the initial polymerization was conducted at constant temperature for 15 min, followed by further polymerization at −30°C for 12 hr. Swelling studies showed that hydrogels thus prepared had almost the same temperature and pH sensitivity compared with the conventional ones (polymerized at 24°C for 12 hr). However, hydrogels thus prepared had faster swelling/deswelling rates in distilled water than the conventional ones, and their deswelling rates in low pH buffer solutions were also faster than the conventional ones. These improved properties were attributed to the porous network structure, which was confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebral sinus thrombosis in a child with active ulcerative colitis and factor V Leiden
Authors: Robison Nathan J. , Dawlabani Nickolas , Lastra Carlos R. , Dhall Girish 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a rare cause of cerebral sinus thrombosis. We describe a 10‐year‐old patient with UC who developed cerebral sinus thrombosis during an acute exacerbation of his colitis and was found to be heterozygous for factor V Leiden. He was successfully treated with enoxaparin. Enoxaparin was then used for prophylaxis during acute exacerbations of his UC without any recurrence/progression of cerebral venous thrombosis. This report describes a cerebral thrombotic event in a child with UC and factor V Leiden. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:867–869. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of CpG island hypermethylation of caspase‐8 in neuroblastoma using an oligonucleotide array
Authors: Kamimatsuse Arata , Matsuura Kaoru , Moriya Shogo , Fukuba Ikuko , Yamaoka Hiroaki , Fukuda Emi , Kamei Naomi , Hiyama Keiko , Sueda Taijiro , Hiyama Eiso 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe caspase‐8 gene (CASP8) is frequently inactivated in unfavorable neuroblastomas through DNA methylation. The present study utilized oligoarrays to evaluate the methylation status of a CpG island located between exons 2 and 3 of caspase 8 in neuroblastomas.ProcedureDNA derived from 70 neuroblastomas was amplified by PCR after bisulfate modification and subjected to analysis on a self‐made oligoarray that utilized a polycarbodiimide‐coated slide to detect methylation of six intragenic CpG islands of caspase 8. In 30 cases, the methylation status was also analyzed by sequencing. In six cases, the PCR product was cloned into a vector and analyzed.ResultsAmong the 70 tumor‐derived DNAs, methylation was not detected in 18 cases, one methylated CpG was found in 12 cases, two in 18 cases, three in 3 cases, four in 8 cases, five in 1 case and six in 10 cases. All methylated CpG loci detected by sequencing were detected by oligoarray, but some methylated CpGs in three loci were detected by oligoarray alone. In these discrepant loci, methylation was detected in some clones after subcloning, indicating that the oligoarray might be more sensitive than sequencing. The CASP8 expression level was depressed in the tumors having two distinct CpG doublets. These results were significantly correlated with MYCN amplification and with clinical outcomes.ConclusionsA significant difference in the methylation status within the CpG island of CASP8 was shown between favorable and unfavorable subtypes, and CASP8 methylation detected by oligoarray may be useful in the clinical evaluation of neuroblastomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:777–783. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of transient hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lowas Stefanie R. , Marks Daniel , Malempati Suman 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundTransient hyperglycemia (TH) is a recognized side effect of the corticosteroids and asparaginase given during induction chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Information is needed about how TH has been impacted by changes in ALL therapy. This study examined the prevalence of TH in a cohort of pediatric ALL patients and the impact on TH of type of steroid or asparaginase used and of risk factors such as age, gender, and overweight.MethodsRetrospective record review of patients aged 2–18 years diagnosed with ALL in 1999–2006. TH was defined as ≥2 random glucose values ≥200 mg/dl. Overall prevalence of TH was calculated. Risk factors were evaluated using Chi‐square analysis and logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐two subjects (70 female) were reviewed, 33 (20.4%) of whom had TH. 42.2% of subjects over age 10 years had TH, compared to 12.0% of younger children (P < 0.001). No gender difference was found. Overweight (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) and at risk for overweight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) were significant risk factors for TH (P = 0.007 and P = 0.003, respectively). Native L‐asparaginase was associated with increased TH compared to PEG‐asparaginase (P = 0.047). There was a non‐significant trend toward more TH in patients who received prednisone, but this disappeared in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TH in this study was higher than previously reported. Overweight, age ≥10 years, and use of native L‐asparaginase were significant predictors of TH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:814–818. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applicability of published data for fatigue‐limited design
Authors: Leary Martin , Burvill Colin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe use of published fatigue data provides an expedient basis for fatigue‐limited engineering design by alleviating the necessity of explicit testing. However, published fatigue data often exhibits incomplete documentation of the associated test conditions. Incomplete documentation introduces uncertainties in fatigue life prediction that may limit the applicability of the published fatigue data for design applications. Characterization of the applicability of published fatigue data is critical for robust fatigue‐limited design. However, no quantitative methods have been identified which respond to this requirement. A novel method has been developed to provide a systematic characterization of the applicability of published fatigue data based on internationally recognized standards. This method provides a conceptual mechanism to:

identify the applicability of published fatigue test data for specific design scenarios—thereby informing engineers of potential limitations of published data and allowing prioritization of multiple data sources;
identify material domains of insufficient applicability—thereby providing a robust basis for identifying beneficial fatigue test programs;
compromise between design complexity and the uncertainties inherent in fatigue life prediction;
define a framework for the appropriate documentation of published fatigue data.

A sample of published fatigue data sources associated with a specific fatigue‐limited safety–critical design scenario was assessed by the method presented in this paper. For the majority of the sampled references, the associated documentation was insufficient to allow the fatigue test data to be confidently applied to the subsequent design activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.