bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid‐sensing receptor GPR4 plays a crucial role in lymphatic cancer metastasis
Authors: Nakanishi Masako , Ibe Akiya , Morishita Kiyoto , Shinagawa Kazutaka , Yamamoto Yushi , Takahashi Hibiki , Ikemori Kyoka , Muragaki Yasuteru , Ehata Shogo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer tissues exhibit an acidic microenvironment owing to the accumulation of protons and lactic acid produced by cancer and inflammatory cells. To examine the role of an acidic microenvironment in lymphatic cancer metastasis, gene expression profiling was conducted using human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) treated with a low pH medium. Microarray and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that acid treatment induced the expression of inflammation‐related genes in HDLECs, including genes encoding chemokines and adhesion molecules. Acid treatment‐induced chemokines C‐X3‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) autocrinally promoted the growth and tube formation of HDLECs. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) increased in HDLECs after acid treatment in a time‐dependent manner, which, in turn, enhanced their adhesion to melanoma cells. Among various acid‐sensing receptors, HDLECs basally expressed G protein‐coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), which was augmented under the acidic microenvironment. The induction of chemokines or VCAM‐1 under acidic conditions was attenuated by GPR4 knockdown in HDLECs. In addition, lymph node metastases in a mouse melanoma model were suppressed by administering an anti‐VCAM‐1 antibody or a GPR4 antagonist. These results suggest that an acidic microenvironment modifies the function of lymphatic endothelial cells via GPR4, thereby promoting lymphatic cancer metastasis. Acid‐sensing receptors and their downstream molecules might serve as preventive or therapeutic targets in cancer.
Buprenorphine microdosing regimen using transdermal buprenorphine patches to transition from methadone to buprenorphine
Authors: Naren Thileepan , Cook Jon , MacCartney Paul , Membrey Dean 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis case series records a cohort of patients treated with transdermal buprenorphine patches as part of a buprenorphine microdose induction protocol to transition from methadone to buprenorphine in a community setting. This has historically been a difficult process to manage in community settings and this case series explored a method to gradually manage this in an outpatient setting.MethodA retrospective file audit was conducted of the electronic medical records of cohealth Innerspace patients who had undergone buprenorphine microdose induction using transdermal patches. A total of 32 patients were identified.ResultsIn this case series 23 of the 32 patients successfully transitioned from methadone to sublingual or long‐acting injectable depot buprenorphine preparations utilising the transdermal buprenorphine microdosing technique. All patients in this case series regardless of the success of the transition were retained in treatment.Discussion and ConclusionsA fixed‐dose transdermal buprenorphine patch regimen enabled 23 of 32 patients in this case series transition from methadone to buprenorphine in an outpatient setting. Given the small sample size further research is required to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique.
Improving employee acceptability of performance management across borders: A reciprocity perspective
Authors: Neher Alain , Maley Jane , Wuersch Lucia , Krivokapic‐Skoko Branka 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis conceptual work critically examines how employees in multinational corporations (MNCs) receive performance management (PM) systems. Employee acceptance of the PM system across MNCs' subsidiaries is critical for PM effectiveness. Furthermore, the context plays a significant role in determining employee acceptance of the PM, and this varies widely across borders. The paper uses the lens of reciprocity theory to propose a conceptual PM framework to advance employee acceptability of PM. Four key steps in the framework assess the acceptability of PM at different stages, ensuring the PM system evolves and improves with each stage. These steps include analysing the context of the subsidiary, developing and applying management actions that reflect the goals of the MNC, its subsidiaries and individual employees and embedding the customised PM process across the MNC to foster trust and the perception of fairness. The framework's value for practitioners is to increase employees' probability of accepting the PM. We conclude that multinationals must pay more attention to the PM context across their borders, particularly the cultural context.
Clinical variables contributing to the identification of biologically defined subgroups within cognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment individuals
Authors: Marcolini Sofia , Mondragón Jaime D. , Dominguez‐Vega Zeus T. , De Deyn Peter P. , Maurits Natasha M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundA lack of consensus exists in linking demographic, behavioral, and cognitive characteristics to biological stages of dementia, defined by the ATN (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) classification incorporating amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury biomarkers.MethodsUsing a random forest classifier we investigated whether 27 demographic, behavioral, and cognitive characteristics allowed distinction between ATN‐defined groups with the same cognitive profile. This was done separately for three cognitively unimpaired (CU) (112 A‐T‐N‐; 46 A+T+N+/−; 65 A‐T+/‐N+/−) and three mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (128 A‐T‐N‐; 223 A+T+N+/−; 94 A‐T+/‐N+/−) subgroups.ResultsClassification‐balanced accuracy reached 39% for the CU and 52% for the MCI subgroups. Logical Delayed Recall (explaining 16% of the variance), followed by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale 13 (14%) and Everyday Cognition Informant (10%), were the most relevant characteristics for classification of the MCI subgroups. Race and ethnicity, marital status, and Everyday Cognition Patient were not relevant (0%).ConclusionsThe demographic, behavioral, and cognitive measures used in our model were not informative in differentiating ATN‐defined CU profiles. Measures of delayed memory, general cognition, and activities of daily living were the most informative in differentiating ATN‐defined MCI profiles; however, these measures alone were not sufficient to reach high classification performance.
An enhanced method for surface defect detection in workpieces based on improved MobileNetV2‐SSD
Authors: Qiu Junlin , Shen Yongshan , Lin Jianchu , Qin Yuxin , Yang Jian , Lei Hengdan , Li Minghui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the process of workpieces production, surface defects are prone to occur, and these defects come in a wide variety and are often intermixed, making defect detection and classification exceptionally challenging. With the development of artificial intelligence and deep learning, to tackle this problem, this paper introduces an enhanced single shot multibox detector algorithm based on MobileNetV2 for the detection of surface defects. The method utilizes MobileNetv2 as the backbone of the feature extraction network to obtain six feature layers with different detection scales from the baseline network, that is, the original 1 × 1 feature prediction layer is deleted and a 75 × 75 feature prediction layer is added, which is closer to the specific features of the defects on the surface of the workpiece. In the additional feature layer, two parallel dilated convolution structures are connected, introducing depth‐separable convolution and dilated convolution, combining skip connections and pixel‐wise addition operations. A special feature fusion structure is proposed to perform feature fusion for small, medium and large target detection layers, which effectively solves the problem of missed and false detection. Moreover, it refines candidate bounding box aspect ratios within the training set through the utilization of the K‐means clustering algorithm, ensuring a better match with real boxes. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the enhanced model, and the mean average precision value reaches 88.72%. Compared to other state‐of‐the‐art detection methods, it exhibits superior capabilities.
Partner and social support in childbearing and rearing in a Gulf Coast Native American community
Authors: Liddell Jessica L. , Hicks Emily C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to understand the roles of partners in pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing in Indigenous communities. It explores supportive and unsupportive attitudes in the relationships mothers experienced, and how these relationships affected their lives.BackgroundSettler colonialism has negatively impacted Indigenous communities. However, little research has explored how it has influenced partner and social support during the perinatal time period.MethodsThrough 31 semistructured interviews with women from a tribe in the southeastern United States, participants described their experiences with supportive and unsupportive partners and how that shaped their experiences during pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing.ResultsParticipants described themes of (a) supportive and unsupportive partner relationships, (b) importance of partner support in childbirth, and (c) mothers as primary caregivers.ConclusionResults suggest that women experienced a wide range of partner relationships, and they relied more on their female family members to provide support during this time, rather than counting on their male counterparts.ImplicationsHealth care providers may want to take these findings into consideration when approaching their patient's care. These findings indicate that the impacts of settler colonialism continue to impact family relationships for the participants in this study.
Experimental investigation on mechanical behavior of silane‐modified polyurethane sealant under biaxial cyclic loading
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Meng Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe biaxial tension–tension cyclic loading experiments were conducted on the cruciform specimens prepared using a silane‐modified polyurethane sealant to investigate their mechanical behavior. The finite element method was employed to validate the mechanical behavior of cruciform specimens under the biaxial cyclic loading conditions. It is shown that the highest stress concentration is in the central region of the cruciform specimens, indicating that the shape design of the specimen is suitable for the biaxial tension–tension cyclic tests. Additionally, the effects of loading path, mean stress, and stress amplitude on ratcheting strain and dissipated energy were analyzed through the experimental data. The experimental results demonstrated that the loading path had an influence on the mechanical behavior of the cruciform specimen. The additional ratcheting strain caused by the non‐proportional loading path was found to be loading path dependent of the adhesive. Moreover, the mean stress and stress amplitude greatly affected the strain response curves of the specimen under biaxial cyclic loading. The ratcheting strain and dissipated energy increased with increasing mean stress and stress amplitude; nevertheless, stress amplitude had more influence on the mechanical behavior than the mean stress.
Impact of possible sarcopenia on functional prognosis in patients with acute stroke with premorbid disability
Authors: Ogino Tomoyuki , Nozoe Masafumi , Inoue Tatsuro , Ishida Mitsuru , Yamamoto Kenta 
Published: February 2024

AimHow possible sarcopenia affects functional prognosis in patients with premorbid disability remains unclear. This study aimed to compare and investigate the impact of possible sarcopenia at admission on functional outcomes at discharge in patients with acute stroke with and without premorbid disability.MethodsThis cohort study enrolled patients who were consecutively admitted to a single center for acute stroke. Calf circumference and grip strength were measured within 7 days of admission, and possible sarcopenia was determined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score at discharge during the acute phase was the primary outcome. To examine the impact of possible sarcopenia on FIM scores at discharge, patients were divided into two groups according to being with or without premorbid disability according to the modified Rankin Scale, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed in each group.ResultsThis study included 456 patients with acute stroke (median age, 80 years). In the premorbid‐disability group (n = 166), possible sarcopenia was present in 140 patients (84%). Patients without possible sarcopenia had significantly higher FIM scores at discharge compared with those with possible sarcopenia (P < 0.001). However, multiple linear regression analysis showed that possible sarcopenia was not associated with FIM scores at discharge in the premorbid‐disability group (β = −0.054, P = 0.346).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that a high rate of possible sarcopenia was observed in patients with stroke with premorbid disability; however, this did not affect functional prognosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 359–363.
Blood pressure elevation in erenumab‐treated patients with migraine: A retrospective real‐world experience
Authors: Chhabra Nikita , Mead‐Harvey Carolyn , Dodoo Christopher A. , Iser Courtney , Taylor Hallie , Chaudhary Hira , Vanood Aimen , Dodick David W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundErenumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor and is approved for the preventative treatment of migraine in adults. CGRP is involved in the regulation of vasomotor tone under physiologic and pathologic conditions, including hypertension. While there has not been evidence of hypertension in preclinical models or clinical trials, post‐marketing data suggest erenumab may be associated with hypertension. This led to a warning in the United States Food and Drug Administration prescribing information for erenumab.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of worsening blood pressure (BP) after initiation of erenumab in patients with migraine and how this is associated with hypertension.MethodsThis is an observational retrospective cohort study evaluating patients at a tertiary headache or neurology department. Systolic and diastolic BPs were compared between the initial visit prior to initiation of erenumab, and follow‐up visit while on erenumab. Worsening BP was defined as moving from a lower stage to a higher stage of BP, as defined by the American Heart Association. Serious adverse vascular events were also recorded.ResultsA total of 335 patients were included in the final analysis (mean [SD] age of 45.7 [14.40] years, 83.9% [281/335] female). At baseline, 20.9% (70/335) of patients had a prior diagnosis of hypertension. The median (interquartile range) time to follow‐up appointment from initial appointment was 20.5 (13.3–35.3) weeks. The mean (SD) BP at baseline was systolic 124.7 (15) mmHg and diastolic 77 (11) mmHg, and at follow‐up was systolic 124.0 (15) mmHg and diastolic 77.8 (9) mmHg. Overall, 23.3% (78/335) of all patients had worsening BP, whereas 13/225 (3.9%) patients had improvement in their BP. Patients with atrial fibrillation were more likely to develop worsening BP (odds ratio, 4.9, 95% confidence interval 1.12–21.4; p = 0.035). There was no association between worsening BP and pre‐existing hypertension, sex, body mass index, or age. One patient had non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction attributed to a hypertensive emergency while on erenumab.ConclusionWe found that 23.3% of patients initiated on erenumab may have developed worsening BP, suggesting the need for BP monitoring in patients initiated on erenumab.
A pilot study evaluating high dose esomeprazole, bismuth subcitrate and amoxicillin for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in Iran
Authors: Tirgar Fakheri Sepehr , Shokri‐Afra Hajar , Graham David Y. , Bari Zohreh , Fakheri Hafez 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. We evaluated two triple therapy regimens comprising esomeprazole, high dose bismuth, and different doses of amoxicillin for first‐line H. pylori eradication.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred patients with dyspepsia and naive H. pylori infection were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 100). Both groups were treated for 14 days similarly with esomeprazole (40 mg, twice daily) and bismuth subcitrate (240 mg, three times daily), but the dose of amoxicillin was varied between Groups A (750 mg) and B (1000 mg) three times daily. Treatment compliance and side effect were evaluated following the therapies and after 8 weeks, a negative test of stool H. pylori antigen confirmed eradication.ResultsThe two groups were comparable with respect to sex and age. According to intention to treat analysis, eradication rates were 80% (95% CI: 77.2%–82.8%) and 90% (95% CI: 84.1%–95.9%) in A and B groups, respectively (p = 0.22). Per‐protocol eradication rates were 87% (95% CI: 80.4%–93.6%) and 92.8% (95% CI: 87.7%–97.9%), respectively (p = 0.23). Severe adverse effects were 3% and 2%, respectively (p = 0.34).ConclusionHigh dose esomeprazole, amoxicillin and bismuth achieved 92.8% cure rates per protocol in a country with a high background rate of resistance. Additional studies are needed to ascertain whether this therapy can be further improved. Until then, it can be recommended as a first‐line H. pylori eradication in north of Iran.
Automated curation of large‐scale cancer histopathology image datasets using deep learning
Authors: Hilgers Lars , Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , West Nicholas P , Westwood Alice , Hewitt Katherine J , Quirke Philip , Grabsch Heike I , Carrero Zunamys I , Matthaei Emylou , Loeffler Chiara M L , Brinker Titus J , Yuan Tanwei , Brenner Hermann , Brobeil Alexander , Hoffmeister Michael , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has numerous applications in pathology, supporting diagnosis and prognostication in cancer. However, most AI models are trained on highly selected data, typically one tissue slide per patient. In reality, especially for large surgical resection specimens, dozens of slides can be available for each patient. Manually sorting and labelling whole‐slide images (WSIs) is a very time‐consuming process, hindering the direct application of AI on the collected tissue samples from large cohorts. In this study we addressed this issue by developing a deep‐learning (DL)‐based method for automatic curation of large pathology datasets with several slides per patient.MethodsWe collected multiple large multicentric datasets of colorectal cancer histopathological slides from the United Kingdom (FOXTROT, N = 21,384 slides; CR07, N = 7985 slides) and Germany (DACHS, N = 3606 slides). These datasets contained multiple types of tissue slides, including bowel resection specimens, endoscopic biopsies, lymph node resections, immunohistochemistry‐stained slides, and tissue microarrays. We developed, trained, and tested a deep convolutional neural network model to predict the type of slide from the slide overview (thumbnail) image. The primary statistical endpoint was the macro‐averaged area under the receiver operating curve (AUROCs) for detection of the type of slide.ResultsIn the primary dataset (FOXTROT), with an AUROC of 0.995 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.994–0.996] the algorithm achieved a high classification performance and was able to accurately predict the type of slide from the thumbnail image alone. In the two external test cohorts (CR07, DACHS) AUROCs of 0.982 [95% CI: 0.979–0.985] and 0.875 [95% CI: 0.864–0.887] were observed, which indicates the generalizability of the trained model on unseen datasets. With a confidence threshold of 0.95, the model reached an accuracy of 94.6% (7331 classified cases) in CR07 and 85.1% (2752 classified cases) for the DACHS cohort.ConclusionOur findings show that using the low‐resolution thumbnail image is sufficient to accurately classify the type of slide in digital pathology. This can support researchers to make the vast resource of existing pathology archives accessible to modern AI models with only minimal manual annotations.
Defendants' experiences: Video hearings from prison(s) to court(s)
Authors: Walker Charlotte 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe focus of this article is the experiences that defendants – both represented and unrepresented – have when appearing via video link(s) from prison(s) to court(s), in England and Wales. This exploration is based on second‐hand accounts. In this study, 20 interviews were conducted with a range of court actors, and 403 court hearings at two magistrates' courts were observed. The findings demonstrate that while video hearings were initially introduced to promote managerialism values (i.e., increase efficiency and reduce costs), due process rights have in some instances been undermined. It will be argued that although appearing via video has advantages for defendants and can enhance their ability to effectively participate in the process, challenges also arise in relation to this. This is due to managerialism values generally being prioritised over participation concerns.
Differential response of plant and insect pollinator communities to fragmentation in coastal dune slacks
Authors: Devriese Arne , Janssens Sam , Brys Rein , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Habitat destruction and fragmentation are one of the main drivers of pollinator decline and biodiversity loss in general. However, the exact effects of habitat fragmentation on pollinator communities are still poorly understood, and it remains unclear which patch characteristics are most important in driving pollinator diversity and community composition.
In this study, we inventoried plant and insect diversity in a total of 19 fragmented dune slacks in Belgium. Specifically, we assessed the effects of dune slack area and connectivity on plant and pollinator diversity and community composition. Additionally, we investigated to what extent plant diversity had an impact on insect pollinator communities.
The results indicated that species richness of both plants and insects was significantly related to patch area, whereas patch connectivity only had a significant effect on plant diversity. Nestedness analyses showed that plant communities of small dune slacks were a subset of the communities of large patches, but no such patterns were found for insect communities. Turnover in pollinator communities was high and significantly related to the distance separating dune slacks.
Overall, our results highlight the importance of large patches for sustaining both plant and pollinator communities. Additionally, enhancing connectivity has the potential to promote plant diversity and consequently benefit pollinator species.