bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroradiographic, Endocrinologic, and Ophthalmic Correlates of Adverse Developmental Outcomes in Children With Optic Nerve Hypoplasia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Garcia-Filion Pamela , Epport Karen , Nelson Marvin , Azen Colleen , Geffner Mitchell E. , Fink Cassandra , Borchert Mark 
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND. Developmental delay has been reported to occur with optic nerve hypoplasia, a leading cause of pediatric blindness, but has not been systematically examined for its prevalence and correlation with associated pathologies of optic nerve hypoplasia.OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental outcomes of children with optic nerve hypoplasia and the correlation of development with neuroradiographic, endocrinologic, and ophthalmic findings.METHODS. We conducted a prospective analysis of 73 subjects diagnosed with optic nerve hypoplasia at &lt;36 months of age for developmental outcomes at 5 years of age. Subjects underwent neuroradiographic imaging, endocrinologic testing and examination, and ophthalmologic examination; developmental outcomes were assessed by using the Battelle Developmental Inventory.RESULTS. At 5 years of age, developmental delay was present in 71% of subjects with optic nerve hypoplasia. Of patients with unilateral (18%) and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, 39% and 78%, respectively, experienced developmental delay. Corpus callosum hypoplasia and hypothyroidism were significantly associated with poor outcome in all of the developmental domains and an increased risk of delay. Absence of the septum pellucidum was not associated with adverse development. Six subjects had neither a neuroradiographic nor an endocrinologic abnormality, and of those, 4 were developmentally delayed.CONCLUSIOONS. These prospective data confirm the significant association of developmental delay with optic nerve hypoplasia and identify corpus callosum hypoplasia and hypothyroidism as strong correlates. A diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia warrants neuroradiographic and endocrinologic testing for risk factors of delay and developmental assessments for early intervention planning.
Effects of a Putty‐Form Hydroxyapatite Matrix Combined With the Synthetic Cell‐Binding Peptide P‐15 on Alveolar Ridge Preservation
Authors: Neiva Rodrigo F. , Tsao Yi‐Pin , Eber Robert , Shotwell Jeffrey , Billy Edward , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2008

Background: Various grafting materials have been used for preservation of the dimensions of the residual alveolar ridge following tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical, histomorphometric, and radiographic healing 4 months after tooth extraction with or without placement of a putty‐form anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite matrix combined with a synthetic cell‐binding peptide P‐15 (Putty P15) to determine the effect on alveolar ridge preservation following exodontia.Methods: Twenty‐four consecutive subjects in need of extraction of maxillary premolars were recruited. Recruited subjects were randomly assigned to the test (Putty P15 and bioabsorbable collagen wound dressing material) or control (bioabsorbable collagen wound dressing material only) group. Data were recorded at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after ridge preservation procedures. At 16 weeks, a reentry surgery was performed, clinical measurements were repeated, and bone core biopsies were obtained for histomorphometric analysis prior to dental implant placement.Results: The control group had a mean reduction in ridge height of −0.56 ± 1.04 mm, whereas alveolar ridge height appeared to remain unchanged in the test group (0.15 ± 1.76). The test group showed a mean reduction in ridge width of −1.31 ± 0.96 mm, whereas the mean value for the control group was −1.43 ± 1.05 mm. No statistical significance was observed between the groups. Mean bone density was significantly superior in the test group (2.08 ± 0.65 versus 3.33 ± 0.65). Histomorphometric analyses revealed similar percentages of bone vitality (test: 29.92% ± 8.46%; control: 36.54% ± 7.73%). Comparable percentages of bone marrow and fibrous tissue also were observed (test: 65.25% ± 6.41%; control: 62.67% ± 7.41%). Only 6.25% of the Putty P15 particles remained at 4 months in the analyzed biopsies.Conclusion: A favorable response was observed when Putty P15 was applied to extraction sockets, suggesting that it may be useful for alveolar ridge preservation prior to dental implant placement.
The Influence of Non‐Matching Implant and Abutment Diameters on Radiographic Crestal Bone Levels in Dogs
Authors: Jung Ronald E. , Jones Archie A. , Higginbottom Frank L. , Wilson Thomas G. , Schoolfield John , Buser Daniel , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Cochran David L. 
Published: February 2008

Background: It has been shown that different implant designs and different vertical implant positions have an influence on crestal bone levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate radiographic crestal bone changes around experimental dental implants with non‐matching implant–abutment diameters placed submucosally or transmucosally at three different levels relative to the alveolar crest.Methods: Sixty two‐piece dental implants with non‐matching implant–abutment diameters were placed in edentulous spaces bilaterally in five foxhounds. The implants were placed submucosally or transmucosally in the left or the right side of the mandible. Within each side, six implants were randomly placed at three distinct levels relative to the alveolar crest. After 12 weeks, 60 crowns were cemented. Radiographs were obtained from all implant sites following implant placement, after crown insertion, and monthly for 6 months after loading.Results: Radiographic analysis revealed very little bone loss and a slight increase in bone level for implants placed at the level of the crest or 1 mm above. The greatest bone loss occurred at implants placed 1 mm below the bone crest. No clinically significant differences regarding marginal bone loss and the level of the bone‐to‐implant contact were detected between implants with a submucosal or a transmucosal healing.Conclusions: Implants with non‐matching implant–abutment diameters demonstrated some bone loss; however, it was a small amount. There was no clinically significant difference between submucosal and transmucosal approaches.
The Suppressive Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Osteocalcin Gene Expression of Osteoblasts Is Neutralized by an Antibody Against TGF‐β
Authors: Wada Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Nanbu Satoshi , Mizuno Morimichi , Tamura Masato 
Published: February 2008

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) plays a crucial role in periodontal tissue regeneration. However, the precise mechanism of tissue regeneration by EMD remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to clarify what factors present in EMD show bioactivity.Methods: We first examined the effect of EMD on MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. To evaluate the differentiation, the expression of osteoblast‐related genes was measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and the osteocalcin (OCN) content was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity and the mineralization were examined histologically. EMD (intact EMD) was filtrated to separate the soluble fraction (soluble EMD), and the effects of soluble and intact EMD were examined. Neutralization of the bioactivity of EMD was performed using a polyclonal antibody against porcine transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β).Results: EMD inhibited the expression of osteoblastic phenotypes, and we used the inhibitory effect of EMD on osteoblastic differentiation as a benchmark of activity of EMD. The soluble fraction separated from EMD inhibited osteoblast‐related gene expression and OCN synthesis. Soluble EMD suppressed the OCN gene level within 24 hours, and the effect of soluble EMD mimicked that of TGF‐β (10 ng/ml). The antibody against TGF‐β diminished the inhibitory effect of soluble EMD on OCN gene expression.Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of EMD on OCN gene expression of osteoblastic cells is neutralized by the antibody against TGF‐β in it. This result might indicate that EMD contains TGF‐β and that it participates in the bioactivity of EMD.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Kaposi Sarcoma as an Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Feller Liviu , Anagnostopoulos Christos , Wood Neil H. , Bouckaert Michael , Raubenheimer Erich J. , Lemmer Johan 
Published: February 2008

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neoplasm (HIV‐KS). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in a decrease in the incidence and prevalence of HIV‐KS as well as in clinical improvement. However, in a subset of subjects who are HIV seropositive, KS may recrudesce early following the introduction of HAART as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).Methods: The management of a patient who is HIV seropositive with rapid clinical worsening of oral KS lesions shortly after the initiation of HAART was documented. Repeated serologic testing for CD4+ T‐cell count and microscopic examination of two biopsy specimens of the oral lesion, one taken before and the other taken after cytotoxic chemotherapy, followed by surgical excision was the treatment modality used.Results: Microscopic examination of the incisional biopsy specimen taken from the oral lesion at the time of the initial consultation confirmed the clinical diagnosis of KS. The sequential serological tests showed a progressive increase in CD4+ T‐cell counts that paralleled the rapid clinical worsening of the KS disease. This was consistent with the diagnosis of IRIS‐associated HIV‐KS. Subsequent cytotoxic chemotherapy brought about resolution of the IRIS and regression of the HIV‐KS lesions. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen obtained after cytotoxic chemotherapy did not show any of the original KS. The residual palatal exophytic mass was excised.Conclusions: IRIS‐associated HIV‐KS is not a disease, but rather a temporary paradoxical immunoinflammatory reaction brought about by improvement in immune status following HAART. IRIS‐associated HIV‐KS can be controlled effectively by limited systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy in the setting of HAART.
Disease Progression From Mucosal to Mucocutaneous Involvement in a Patient With Desquamative Gingivitis Associated With Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Endo Hiroyasu , Rees Terry D. , Hallmon William W. , Kuyama Kayo , Nakadai Mami , Kato Takao , Kono Yoshiharu , Yamamoto Hirotsugu 
Published: February 2008

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) frequently begins with oral lesions and progresses to skin lesions. A patient is described who developed skin lesions during follow‐up and whose only initial symptom was desquamative gingivitis (DG).Methods: A 31‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐month history of painful gingiva. The diagnosis of PV was made according to clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescent criteria. Topical corticosteroid (0.1% triamcinolone acetonide) was provided for the treatment of DG. Evaluation of the circulating autoantibody titers to desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3 was conducted by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The gingival PV lesions went into remission with the use of topical corticosteroid, although the patient experienced occasional recurrent oral lesions that required retreatment. She had regular follow‐ups and remained relatively stable for several months. However, relapse and worsening of the oral lesions and the onset of skin lesions occurred after 26 months. Using ELISA, a change in the autoantibody profile corresponding to the transition from mucosal PV to mucocutaneous PV was confirmed. In all ELISA studies conducted throughout the course of the patient's disease, the Dsg3 ELISA was consistently high ranging from 150 to 200. However, the Dsg1 ELISA remained low, ranging from 10 to 30. After 26 months, Dsg3 (index value of 150) and Dsg1 (index value of 114) ELISA levels were elevated, consistent with the transition to mucocutaneous PV.Conclusions: In cases in which the lesions are limited to the oral cavity, PV sometimes may be managed successfully using only topical corticosteroids. However, it may not be possible to reduce the circulating Dsg autoantibody titers without systemic immunosuppression. The sustained high Dsg3 antibody level may cause “epitope spreading” and induce skin lesions. It may be prudent to determine post‐treatment levels of Dsg using ELISA and, in consultation with the physician, recommend the addition of systemic therapy if Dsg3 levels remain elevated.
Effects of Different Depths of Gap on Healing of Surgically Created Coronal Defects Around Implants in Dogs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yoon Hong‐Cheol , Choi Jung‐Yoo , Jung Ui‐Won , Bae Eun‐Kyung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Lee Ho‐Yong , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Shim June‐Sung 
Published: February 2008

Background: This study investigated the bone growth pattern in surgically created coronal defects with various depths around implants in dogs.Methods: Four mongrel dogs were used. All mandibular premolars were extracted under general anesthesia and left to heal for 2 months. After ostectomy, bony defects were prepared in test sites, using a stepped drill with a diameter of 6.3 mm and two depths: 2.5 mm (test sites 1 [T1]) and 5.0 mm (test sites 2 [T2]). In the control sites, the implants were placed after ostectomy without any coronal defects. T1, T2, and control sites were prepared in the right and left sides of the mandible. Six implants, 3.3 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, were placed in each dog; the implants were submerged completely. Two dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery, and the other two dogs were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery. The stability of all implants was measured with a resonance frequency analyzer after placement and after sacrifice. All sites were block‐dissected for ground sectioning and histologic examination.Results: After 12 weeks of healing, only T2 were not filled fully with bone. At week 8, the mean bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was 47.7% for control, 43.6% for T1, and 22.2% for T2. At week 12, the control BIC was 56.7% and the 2.5‐mm defect had a greater BIC (58.8%). However, in the 5‐mm defect, the BIC was 35.1%. At insertion, stability was reduced at sites with a greater defect depth. Similar stability was noted in all specimens after 8 and 12 weeks of healing.Conclusion: Bone healing between an implant and marginal bone was compromised at sites with a deeper defect when the width of the bone defect was 1.5 mm.
Evaluation of Serum Anti‐Cardiolipin and Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Türkoğlu Oya , Barış Nezihi , Kütükçüler Necil , Şenarslan Ömer , Güneri Sema , Atilla Gül 
Published: February 2008

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chronic periodontitis caused the elevated levels of anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (anti‐CL) and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in subjects with essential hypertension.Methods: Seventy‐two subjects were categorized as healthy controls, subjects with essential hypertension and periodontal health (healthy‐hypertension group), subjects with essential hypertension and gingivitis (gingivitis‐hypertension group), or subjects with essential hypertension and chronic periodontitis (periodontitis‐hypertension group). Individuals with essential hypertension who had been taking antihypertensive medication ≥2 years were included in the present study. The presence of supragingival plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level were recorded, and blood samples were collected. Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐CL and oxLDL levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. For IgM and IgG anti‐CL assays, positive tests were defined as ≥15 IgM phospholipid units and ≥10 IgG phospholipid units, respectively.Results: The mean IgM anti‐CL level and the prevalence of subjects positive for IgM anti‐CL were significantly higher in the periodontitis‐hypertension group compared to the other groups (P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the mean IgG anti‐CL and oxLDL levels or in the number of subjects positive for IgG anti‐CL and positive for IgM or IgG anti‐CL among the study groups. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between IgM anti‐CL levels and supragingival plaque, BOP, and PD scores.Conclusions: Chronic periodontitis might play a causal role in the elevated serum levels of anti‐CL antibodies in individuals with essential hypertension. These elevated anti‐CL levels that are due to chronic periodontitis might contribute to an increased risk for atherosclerosis in individuals with essential hypertension.
Peri‐Implant Tissue and Radiographic Bone Levels in the Immediately Restored Single‐Tooth Implant: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate bone and soft tissue levels in immediately restored single implants positioned in the esthetic anterior region.Methods: Forty‐five patients requiring single‐implant crowns in the anterior region received 52 implants, which were restored immediately. Periapical radiographs and digital images of 368 interproximal sites were taken during regular follow‐ups from 24 to 72 months after surgery. The interproximal papilla was assessed and compared to the distances between the bone crest and the contact point between the natural teeth and the restoration crown.Results: Bone loss in the bone peak was statistically significantly greater in the postextraction sockets compared to the healed sites. No significant correlation was found between bone loss and papilla presence. The interproximal papilla showed average growth and decreased, in percentage terms, when the distance between the bone crest and the contact point between the tooth and the restoration crown was >7 mm.Conclusions: In the interproximal area between the implant and the natural tooth, the papilla does not seem to be affected by the peri‐implant bone loss. The contact point between the natural tooth and the restoration crown should be ≤7 mm from the bone peak. Immediate restoration did not seem to cause a greater average amount of bone loss compared to that reported previously for one‐ and two‐stage surgical procedures after the first year of function.
Plaque‐Removal Efficacy of Four Types of Dental Floss
Authors: Terézhalmy Géza T. , Bartizek Robert D. , Biesbrock Aaron R. 
Published: February 2008

Background: Effective plaque removal is essential for gingival health, and dental floss is used to augment plaque removal achieved with a toothbrush.Methods: This randomized, controlled, examiner‐masked, five‐period crossover study examined plaque removal in 25 subjects following single use with an American Dental Association reference manual toothbrush alone and in combination with four floss products: three traditional (unwaxed, woven, and shred‐resistant) and one powered flosser. Plaque was scored before and after brushing for 1 minute. The Rustogi modified Navy plaque index was used to focus scores on tooth areas contacted during the proper use of dental floss.Results: Mean plaque reductions (baseline minus postbrushing) in floss contact areas were as follows: 0.181 with the toothbrush alone; 0.228, 0.217, and 0.210 for the toothbrush in combination with the three traditional flosses, unwaxed, woven, and shred‐resistant, respectively; and 0.252 for the toothbrush plus powered flosser. No statistically significant differences were found between the three traditional floss treatments. All four floss treatments showed greater (P <0.05) mean plaque removal than the toothbrush alone. Mean plaque removal with the powered flosser combination was greater than for the woven combination and shred‐resistant combination (both P ≤0.006) and fell just short of significance compared to the unwaxed combination (P = 0.051).Conclusions: All four floss products in combination with a manual toothbrush removed plaque significantly better than the toothbrush alone. Among floss types, there was evidence of superiority for the powered flosser, but there were no significant treatment differences between the three traditional floss products.
Relationship Between Antimicrobial Protein Levels in Whole Saliva and Periodontitis
Authors: Ito Taichi , Komiya‐Ito Akiyo , Arataki Tomohiko , Furuya Yoshitaka , Yajima Yasutomo , Yamada Satoru , Okuda Katsuji , Kato Tetsuo 
Published: February 2008

Background: Antimicrobial proteins are abundant in saliva. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the amounts of two types of antibacterial protein, cystatin and lysozyme, in saliva between healthy persons and subjects with periodontitis.Methods: Forty subjects with periodontitis visiting Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital, Chiba, Japan, and 27 healthy persons were evaluated. Whole saliva was collected by requiring all subjects to expectorate into a sterile tube. Salivary levels of cystatin SA, cystatin C, and lysozyme were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay or immunoblot assay.Results: Cystatin SA levels in saliva from the periodontally diseased group showed a mean value of 0.063 ± 0.026 mg/ml, statistically lower than that in the healthy group (P <0.05). The average cystatin C level in the periodontally diseased group was 2.27 ± 1.20 ng/ml, markedly lower than that in the healthy group (3.79 ± 1.28 ng/ml; P <0.05). Average lysozyme levels in the periodontitis and healthy groups were 16.75 ± 15.31 μg/ml and 30.03 ± 15.03 μg/ml, respectively. The lysozyme level in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than in the healthy group (P <0.05).Conclusion: Specific monoclonal antibodies are useful for the detection of family 2 cystatins in saliva samples, and the amount of antibacterial protein in saliva offers a potential indicator of the risk for periodontitis.
Extraction of acyclovir from pharmaceutical creams for HPLC assay. Optimization and validation of pretreatment protocols
Authors: Tzanavaras Paraskevas , Zacharis Constantinos 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Three simple protocols for the extraction of acyclovir from its pharmaceutical creams based on ultrasonication, ultrasonication with heating and magnetic stirring were evaluated and compared. Extraction kinetics were studied at different time intervals (5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min) and the extraction efficiency was determined by HPLC. The effect of concentration of aqueous NaOH as the extraction medium and the stirring speed were also studied and optimized. Best results were obtained with 50 mL of 0.01 mol L−1 aqueous NaOH with magnetic stirring speed of 500 r.p.m. HPLC analysis involved rapid separation of acyclovir from the cream matrix using a 100 × 4.6 mm i.d. monolithic column and UV detection at 254 nm. Magnetic stirring produced the best results in terms of extraction efficiency with an average extraction yield of 100.8%, n = 16 at an optimum extraction time of 15 min. The selected protocol was validated for within and day-to-day precision and ruggedness.
The distribution and the abundance of hydrophytes along the Danube River in Serbia
Authors: Vukov Dragana , Boža Pal , Igić Ružica , Anačkov Goran 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The Danube River runs through Serbia with flow 588 km long. Different hydrological, geological and ecological conditions occuring along the Danube in Serbia enables its division into four sections: The upper region, Đerdap I accumulation, Đerdap II accumulation, and the lower region. Each section is characterized by unique plant species diversity, frequency of occurrence and distribution pattern. The species diversity ranged from low in the upper reach, to high or very high in the impoundments and decreased in the lower reach. This paper provides a basis for a detailed study on the influence of large power plant impoundments over the aquatic vegetation of rivers.