bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hearing Loss and Hearing Aids on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies by Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Gonsalves Chris , Pichora-Fuller Margaret Kathleen 
Published: October 2008

RÉSUMÉLes innovations en technologies de l'information et de la communication transforment la société. Toutefois, parmi les aînés résidant au Canada, seulement 1 sur 15 utilisait un ordinateur au tournant du millénium, et 1 sur 5 éprouve des difficultés auditives, visuelles ou de communication (Statistique Canada, 2000). Le but premier de l'étude est d’étudier le lien entre la déficience auditive et l'utilisation des technologies de l'information et de la communication chez les aînés. Un questionnaire portant sur l'utilisation des technologies a été administré à 135 aînés chez qui l'audition a été mesurée par audiométrie. Une corrélation a été démontrée entre l'audition et l'étendue d’utilisation des technologies de la communication, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les technologies nouvelles et spécialisées. Les aînés avec déficience auditive qui ne portent pas d’appareils auditifs n’utilisent pas d’autres technologies aussi fréquemment que leurs pairs ayant une bonne audition ou même ceux qui utilisent des appareils auditifs. De façon générale, l'aptitude et l'étendue d’utilisation des technologies de l'information et de la communication étaient plus élevés au sein de l'échantillon à l'étude comparativement aux résultats rapportés pour un échantillon national. Toutefois, les patrons d’utilisation des diverses technologies ainsi que les facteurs influençant leur utilisation étaient similaires dans les deux échantillons. Des recommandations touchant les études futures, les programmes d’éducation à la santé et la conception universelle sont proposées.
Caregiving: Predicting At-Risk Status
Authors: Chappell Neena L. , Dujela Carren 
Published: October 2008

RÉSUMÉMalgré l'accent mis, lors de la recherche en gérontologie, sur les obligations en matière de prestation de soins, des études ont démontré que peu de dispensateurs de soins sont soumis à un trop lourd fardeau. Le présent article compare les prévisions des obligations particulières aux rôles et deux mesures de la qualité de vie chez les dispensateurs de soins soumis à des exigences importantes en matière de soins de santé afin d’évaluer les effets du rôle de chacun. l'étude a porté sur 92 dispensateurs communautaires de soins dans l'île de Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique. Les prédicteurs comprenaient des facteurs primaires de stress, des ressources personnelles, et des facteurs socio-démographiques. Les exigences en matière de prestation de soins ont été la corrélation la plus significative des obligations particulières aux rôles, et elles avaient une importance indirecte en raison des obligations liées au bien-être général. La résilience avait un rapport important avec les trois résultats. Au cours de l'année de l'étude, les dispensateurs de soins se sont améliorés dans les trois résultats, mais ils n’ont pas réussi à prévoir ce changement. Les résultats suggèrent que les dispensateurs de soins peuvent être à la fois accablés et faire simultanément l'expérience d’un bien-être appréciable ou élevé, ce qui exige de ne pas généraliser à partir d’études limitées uniquement aux obligations des dispensateurs de soins lorsqu’il s’agit de présenter des recommandations sur l'ensemble de la vie de chacune de ces personnes.
Availability and Structure of Ambulatory Rehabilitation Services: A Survey of Hospitals with Designated Rehabilitation Beds in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Landry Michel D. , Passalent Laura A. , Cott Cheryl A. 
Published: October 2008

Purpose: To determine the degree to which ambulatory physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and speech language pathology (SLP) services are available in hospitals with designated rehabilitation beds (DRBs) in Ontario, and to explore the structure of delivery and funding among services that exist. Methods: Questions regarding ambulatory services were included in the System Integration and Change (SIC) survey sent to all hospitals participating in the Hospital Report 2005: Rehabilitation initiative. Results: The response rate was 75.9% (41 of 54 hospitals). All hospitals surveyed provide some degree of ambulatory rehabilitation services, but the nature of these services varies according to rehabilitation client groups (RCGs). The majority of hospitals continue to deliver services through their employees rather than by contracting out or by creating for-profit subsidiary clinics, but an increasing proportion is accessing private sources to finance ambulatory services. Conclusions: Most hospitals with DRBs provide some degree of ambulatory rehabilitation services. Privatization of delivery is not widespread in these facilities.
Management strategies for anterior cranial fossa (ethmoidal) dural arteriovenous fistulas with an emphasis on endovascular treatment
Authors: Agid Ronit , TerBrugge Karel , Rodesch Georges , Andersson Tommy , Söderman Michael 
Published: October 2008

Object
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the anterior cranial fossa are rare lesions that can cause intracranial hemorrhage. Authors of previous reports mostly have described open surgical treatment for this fistula type. The authors' purpose in the present study was to describe their experience with anterior cranial fossa DAVFs, including their endovascular treatment.

Methods
All patients with anterior cranial fossa DAVFs diagnosed and treated in 3 separate institutions during the last 23 years were retrospectively identified. Clinical charts, imaging studies, and procedural notes were evaluated.

Results
Twenty-four patients (22 males and 2 females), ranging in age from 3 to 77 years, harbored 24 DAVFs in the anterior cranial fossa. Eleven patients were primarily treated with surgical disconnection and 2 with radiosurgery. Eleven patients were treated endovascularly; 7 of these patients (63.6%) were cured. In 4 cases of failed embolization, final disconnection was achieved through surgery. In fact, surgery was effective in disconnecting the fistula in 100% of cases. All endovascular procedures consisted of transarterial injections of diluted glue (N-butyl cyanoacrylate [NBCA]), and there were no complications. Brain edema developed around the venous pouch and confusion was apparent after venous disconnection in 1 surgically treated patient. No patient suffered a hemorrhage during the follow-up period.

Conclusions
Disconnection of an anterior cranial fossa DAVF by using transarterial catheterization through the ophthalmic artery and subsequent injection of NBCA is possible with a reasonable success rate and low risk for complications. In patients with good vascular access this procedure could be the treatment of choice, to be followed by open surgery in cases of embolization failure.
Current status of the habitat and population of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Balancán, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Pozo‐Montuy Gilberto , Serio‐Silva Juan Carlos , Bonilla‐Sánchez Yadira M. , Bynum Nora , Landgrave Rosario 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the habitat and populations of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in the municipality of Balancán, Tabasco, southeastern Mexico, using a combination of field surveys and remotely sensed data. We identified 21,937 ha of remnant vegetation composed of 1,348 fragments. Fragments separated by up to 200 m were grouped into “clusters” of fragments in accordance with the maximum observed open distance crossed byA. pigra. A total of 11% or 84 of the 772 clusters identified through remote sensing were selected at random, and for these we determined the vegetation type, canopy height, area, and distance to the closest human settlement. In these same 84 clusters, which included a total area of 9,817 ha, from October to June of 2006 we located a total of 1,064 black howler monkeys, including 228 troops and 49 solitary monkeys.A. pigrawas found in 62 (74.7%) of all clusters visited, with a cumulative area of 6,032 ha. Troops varied in size from 2 to 15 individuals (average 6.0±2.9 ind/troop). Adults were 67% (n=716) of detected individuals, whereas juveniles were 20.5% (n=218) and infants were 12.5% (n=133). We found black howlers to occur at an ecological density of 10.8 ind/km2, which is low in comparison withA. pigrain other fragmented and conserved sites. We found a statistically significant relationship between the area of clusters and the abundance of howler monkeys (r2=0.2,F=10.47, gl=3,P=0.002). In addition, the probability of findingA. pigrawas greater in secondary vegetation, riparian vegetation, tropical dry forest, undisturbed tropical oak forest, and palm forest (F=12, gl=3,P<0.0001), as compared with disturbed tropical oak forest. Our results provide data on the distribution, abundance, and population structure of black howler monkeys in a fragmented landscape in the southeast of Mexico. These data are a necessary prerequisite for conservation planning for this species. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1169–1176, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiocomplementary Enzymes: Classification, Molecular Basis for Their Enantiopreference, and Prospects for Mirror‐Image Biotransformations
Authors: Mugford Paul F. , Wagner Ulrike G. , Jiang Yun , Faber Kurt , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOne often‐cited weakness of biocatalysis is the lack of mirror‐image enzymes for the formation of either enantiomer of a product in asymmetric synthesis. Enantiocomplementary enzymes exist as the solution to this problem in nature. These enzyme pairs, which catalyze the same reaction but favor opposite enantiomers, are not mirror‐image molecules; however, they contain active sites that are functionally mirror images of one another. To create mirror‐image active sites, nature can change the location of the binding site and/or the location of key catalytic groups. In this Minireview, X‐ray crystal structures of enantiocomplementary enzymes are surveyed and classified into four groups according to how the mirror‐image active sites are formed.
N,O‐chelate aluminum and zinc complexes: synthesis and catalysis in the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractReaction between 2‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)benzenamine and 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde or 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde afforded 2‐(4,5‐dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl)phenol (HOL1NH, 1a) or 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(4,5‐dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl)phenol (HOL2NH, 1b). Both 1a and 1b can be converted to 2‐(H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl)phenol (HOL3N, 2a) and 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl)phenol (HOL4N, 2b), respectively, by heating 1a and 1b in toluene. Treatment of 1b with an equivalent of AlEt3 afforded [Al(Et2)(OL2NH)] (3). Reaction of 1b with two equivalents of AlR3 (R = Me, Et) gave dinuclear aluminum complexes [(AlR2)2(OL2N)] (R = Me, 4a; R = Et, 4b). Refluxing the toluene solution of 4a and 4b, respectively, generated [Al(R2)(OL4N)] (R = Me, 5a; R = Et, 5b). Complexes 5a and 5b were also obtained either by refluxing a mixture of 1b and two equivalents of AlR3 (R = Me, Et) in toluene or by treatment of 2b with an equivalent of AlR3 (R = Me, Et). Reaction of 2a with an equivalent of AlMe3 afforded [Al(Me2)(OL3N)] (5c). Treatment of 1b with an equivalent of ZnEt2 at room temperature gave [Zn(Et)(OL2NH)] (6), while reaction of 1b with 0.5 equivalent of ZnEt2 at 40 °C afforded [Zn(OL2NH)2] (7). Reaction of 1b with two equivalents of ZnEt2 from room temperature to 60 °C yielded [Zn(Et)(OL4N)] (8). Compound 8 was also obtained either by reaction between 6 and an equivalent of ZnEt2 from room temperature to 60 °C or by treatment of 2b with an equivalent of ZnEt2 at room temperature. Reaction of 2b with 0.5 equivalent of ZnEt2 at room temperature gave [Zn(OL4N)2] (9), which was also formed by heating the toluene solution of 6. All novel compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The structures of complexes 3, 5c and 6 were additionally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. The catalysis of complexes 3, 4a, 5a–c, 6 and 8 toward the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone was evaluated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach to consolidation of historical limestone: the calcium alkoxides
Authors: Favaro M. , Tomasin P. , Ossola F. , Vigato P. A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPotential utilization of calcium alkoxides as stone consolidants was considered. Reaction of Ca(OCH3)2, Ca(OCH2CH3)2(CH3CH2OH)4 and Ca[OCH(CH3)2]2 with the atmosphere in different experimental conditions was studied. The reaction produced CaCO3 and two different pathways seem to be involved, the first taking place through CO2 insertion into the Ca–O bond of Ca(OR)2 species with formation of an alkylcarbonate derivative, subsequently transformed into CaCO3 through ROH elimination; the second takes place through hydrolysis of Ca(OR)2 to Ca(OH)2, which is then carbonated to CaCO3. The vaterite/calcite ratios found in the final CaCO3 vary considerably with the experimental conditions adopted. Investigations demonstrated the potentiality of Ca(OCH3)2 to act as a stone consolidant. In fact, impregnation of a porous substrate, simulating the deteriorated stone, with a methanol solution of Ca(OCH3)2, produced a crystalline vaterite film, which gradually filled all the pores and cavities of substrate and seems to fulfil the necessary requirements for a consolidant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tin‐coupled star‐shaped block copolymer of styrene and butadiene (II) properties and application
Authors: Feng Huadong , Zhang Xingying , Zhao Suhe 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel tin‐coupled star‐shaped block copolymer (SB‐B)4Sn was synthesized by anionic polymeric techniques. This new copolymer exhibited two different types: One was star‐shaped polybutadiene‐b‐poly(butadiene‐ran‐styrene) (S‐PB‐PSB), and the other was star‐shaped polybutadiene‐b‐poly(butadiene‐ran‐styrene)‐b‐polystyrene (S‐PB‐PSB‐PS). In this article, properties of (SB‐B)4Sn were contrasted with that of tin‐coupled star‐shaped random styrene‐butadiene rubber (S‐SBR) and S‐SBR/cis‐BR blend rubbers. Physical property testing results showed that (SB‐B)4Sn possessed good mechanical properties like S‐SBR. Rheological study indicated that these star‐shaped block copolymers had good processing properties. Rubber processing analyzer (RPA) spectra showed that the dispersion of additives in (SB‐B)4Sn and S‐SBR/cis‐BR blend rubber was much better than that in S‐SBR. Dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) spectra showed that (SB‐B)4Sn had a good combination of low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance, which made it satisfactory materials to produce high performance tire tread. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
New method of determining miscibility in binary polymer blends through hydrodynamic interaction: The free volume approach
Authors: Ranganathaiah C. , Kumaraswamy G. N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new method has been developed to determine the probability of miscibility in binary polymer blends through hydrodynamic interaction. This is achieved by the measurement of the free volume content in blends of carefully selected systems—styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PMMA/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and PVC/polystyrene (PS)—with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The free volume content can predict the miscible/immiscible nature of the blends but provides no information on the extent of miscibility for different compositions of the blends. We have generalized a model used to understand the viscometric behavior of polymer/solvent systems to polymer/polymer systems through the free volume approach. This model provides two important parameters: a geometric factor (γ) and a hydrodynamic interaction parameter (α). γ depends on the molecular architecture, whereas α accounts for the excess friction at the interface between the constituents of the blend, and we propose that α can serve as a precursor to miscibility in a system and indicate which composition produces a high probability of miscibility. The efficacy of this proposition has been checked with measured free volume data for the three blend systems. The SAN/PMMA system produces a maximum α value of −209 at 20% PMMA; PVC/PMMA produces a maximum α value of −57 at 10% PMMA. Interestingly, for the PS/PVC system, α is close to zero throughout the entire concentration range. Therefore, we infer that α is perhaps an appropriate parameter for determining the composition‐dependent probability of miscibility in binary blend systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Biodegradable composites based on starch/EVOH/glycerol blends and coconut fibers
Authors: Rosa Morsyleide F. , Chiou Bor‐sen , Medeiros Eliton S. , Wood Delilah F. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Orts William J. , Imam Syed H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUnripe coconut fibers were used as fillers in a biodegradable polymer matrix of starch/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)/glycerol. The effects of fiber content on the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties were evaluated. The addition of coconut fiber into starch/EVOH/glycerol blends reduced the ductile behavior of the matrix by making the composites more brittle. At low fiber content, blends were more flexible, with higher tensile strength than at higher fiber levels. The temperature at the maximum degradation rate slightly shifted to lower values as fiber content increased. Comparing blends with and without fibers, there was no drastic change in melt temperature of the matrix with increase of fiber content, indicating that fibers did not lead to significant changes in crystalline structure. The micrographs of the tensile fractured specimens showed a large number of holes resulting from fiber pull‐out from the matrix, indicating poor adhesion between fiber and matrix. Although starch alone degraded readily, starch/EVOH/glycerol blends exhibited much slower degradation in compost. Composites produced 24.4–28.8% less CO2 compared with starch in a closed‐circuit respirometer. Addition of increasing amount of fiber in starch/EVOH/glycerol composite had no impact on its biodegradation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A monoclonal antibody that inhibits translation in Sf21 cell lysates is specific for glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Van Meter Kipp E. , Stuart Melissa K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (Mab) 8B7 was shown in a previous study to inhibit protein translation in lysates of Sf21 cells. The antibody was thought to be specific for a 60‐kDa form of elongation factor‐1 alpha (EF‐1α), primarily because the antigen immunoprecipitated by Mab 8B7 cross‐reacted with Mab CBP‐KK1, an antibody generated to EF‐1α from Trypanosoma brucei. The purpose of the current study was to investigate further the antigenic specificity of Mab 8B7. The concentration of the 60‐kDa antigen relative to total cellular protein proved insufficient for its definitive identification. However, subcellular fractionation of Sf21 cells yielded an additional protein of 37 kDa in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions that was reactive with Mab 8B7. The 37‐kDa protein could be easily visualized by colloidal Coomassie Blue G‐250 staining as a series of pI 6.9–8.4 spots on two‐dimensional gels. Excision of an abundant immunoreactive spot enabled identification of the protein as glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) and protein database searching. Subsequent immunoblotting of purified rabbit skeletal muscle GAPDH with Mab 8B7 confirmed the antibody's specificity for GAPDH. Besides the pivotal role GAPDH plays in glycolysis, the enzyme has a number of noncanonical functions, including binding to mRNA and tRNA. The ability of Mab 8B7 to disrupt these lesser‐known functions of GAPDH may account for the antibody's inhibitory effect on in vitro translation. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 69:107‐117, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vinylic CH Borylation of Cyclic Vinyl Ethers with Bis(pinacolato)diboron Catalyzed by an Iridium(I)‐dtbpy Complex
Authors: Kikuchi Takao , Takagi Jun , Isou Hironori , Ishiyama Tatsuo , Miyaura Norio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBorylation of the vinylic CH bond of 1,4‐dioxene, 2,3‐dihydrofuran, 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran and their γ‐substituted analogs was carried out in the presence of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) and a catalytic amount of IrI‐dtbpy (dtbpy=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) complex. The two boron atoms in B2pin2 participated in the coupling, thus giving two equivalents of the coupling product from one equivalent of B2pin2. The borylation of 1,4‐dioxene in hexane resulted in 81 % yield at room temperature. The borylation of 2,3‐dihydrofurans at 80 °C in octane suffered from low regioselectivity, and gave a mixture of α‐ and β‐coupling products even for hindered γ‐disubstituted analogs, but γ‐substituted analogs of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran achieved high α‐selectivity, giving single coupling products. This protocol was applied to the syntheses of a key precursor of vineomycinone B2 methyl ester and other C‐substituted D‐glucals by borylation of protected D‐glucals with B2pin2 to give α‐boryl glucal followed by cross‐coupling with haloarenes, benzyl bromide, and allyl bromide. A catalytic cycle that involves the oxidative addition of sp2 CH bond to iridium(III)‐trisboryl intermediate as the rate‐determining step has been proposed.
Fetal death persists through recurrent pregnancies in mice following Ljungan virus infection
Authors: Samsioe Annika , Sjöholm Åke , Niklasson Bo , Klitz William 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOBJECTIVES: Laboratory mice infected with Ljungan virus (LV) early in pregnancy suffer from perinatal death. Here we investigate the persistence of that effect through the outcome of consecutive pregnancies in LV‐infected mice. STUDY DESIGN: CD‐1 mice were infected while pregnant and their adult female offspring were followed in parallel with uninfected control mice during repeated pregnancies. Three mating attempts resulted in two or three pregnancies per dam. The outcome of the last pregnancy was carefully monitored. RESULTS: Both the dams infected as adults and their adult female offspring suffered perinatal deaths during the last pregnancy which occurred approximately 6 months after the original LV exposure and acute infection. The non‐infected control animals experienced no perinatal death. CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal death persists across recurrent pregnancies in this mouse model of LV infection, both in animals infected as adults and in females exposed to the virus in utero. This implies that LV persists in mice long after intial infection, and is maintained in a quiescent state but can remain pathogenic in later pregnancies. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 83:507‐510, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.