bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different risk groups in node—negative breast cancer: Prognostic value of cytophotometrically assessed DNA, morphometry and texture
Authors: Aubele Michaela , Auer Gert , Voss Andreas , Falkmer Ursula , Rutquist Lars‐Erik , Höfler Heinz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFeulgen—stained imprints and fine‐needle aspirates from 528 lymph‐node‐negative breast cancers were investigated by means of an image analysis system. Several DNA, morphometric and textural parameters were evaluated for each patient. The prognostic value of the parameters was investigated by multivar‐iate Cox regression analysis. As prognostic criteria, a distant recurrence‐free survival of 5 years and an overall survival of 8 years were considered. In multivariate analyses the anisokaryo‐sis (standard deviation of nuclear radius, Rad_SD) was the strongest parameter in predicting the clinical course of node‐negative patients. This was followed by a textural parameter (run‐length, NR2_M) and the tumor size (pT). The DNA histogram type could also add prognostic information concerning distant recurrence‐free survival, but not overall survival. In both approaches a multivariate prognostic factor was calculated for each of the node‐negative patients by a linear combination of the selected variables. Using this factor, patients could be split into 5 subgroups with significantly different risks of distant metastases. Thus, a low‐risk subgroup, with a 5‐year distant recurrence rate of only 3%, and a subgroup with a considerably higher risk and a distant recurrence rate of 35%, could be distinguished. In survival analysis the low‐risk group of node‐negative patients showed an 8‐year death rate of only 3%, whereas in the high‐risk group 30% of the patients had died at 8 years. Thus DNA, morphometric and textural parameters can provide powerful prognostic information in node‐negative breast carcinomas. The multivariate combination of the relevant variables may allow a better selection of those node‐negative patients with a proven good prognosis, and of those who are at risk of distant recurrence and therefore may benefit from adjuvant treatment.
Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer: A prospective study of 25,892 Norwegian women
Authors: Gaard Maria , Tretli Steinar , Løken Elin B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this prospective study, the relationship between energy and fat consumption and the risk of breast cancer was examined. Between 1977 and 1983, 31, 209 Norwegian women, 20 to 54 years of age attended a health screening. The attendees were given a food‐frequency questionnaire to be completed at home, and this was returned by 25,892 (83%). During the 7 to 13 years of follow‐up, 248 cases of breast cancer were identified for analysis by linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry. The relative risk of women who ate meat more than 5 times a week, as compared with those who consumed meat twice or less than twice a week, was 2.44. Consumers of 0.75 litres or more of full‐fat milk daily had a relative risk of 2.91 compared with those who consumed 0.15 litres or less. A positive relationship was found between those reporting the highest quartile of mono‐unsaturated fat consumption and the risk of breast cancer. The main foods contributing to the mono‐unsaturated fat index were edible fats, meat and milk.
Descriptive epidemiology of lymphoid and haemopoietic malignancies in Bangalore, India
Authors: Nandakumar Ambakumar , Anantha Narayanappa , Venugopal Thalagavadi , Reddy Sreerama , Padmanabhan Bapsy , Swamy Kumara , Doval Dinesh , Ramarao Clementina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid and haemopoietic malignancies as a group constitute one of the important cancers in India, as elsewhere in the world. While information on incidence and mortality of these cancers, and that on survival, are available from most developed countries, there areveryfew reports describing this experience in developing ones. Population‐based cancer registration commenced in Bangalore, India, in January 1982, under the auspices of the Indian Council of Medical Research. This source provides fairly complete and reliable incidence data, but, in order to obtain mortality and survival information, active follow‐up involving visits of homes of patients was undertaken. Between 1982 and 1989, 1397 cases of lymphoid and haemopoietic malignancies were registered in the Bangalore cancer registry, giving an age‐adjusted incidence rate of 7.7 and 4.8 per 100,000 in males and females respectively. Active follow‐up provided mortality/survival information in 1267or90.7% of these cases. The overall observed 5‐year survival for these cancers combined (both sexes) was 26%, and relative survival 28.4%. The 5‐year survival rate was lower in all the individual lymphomas and leukaemias as compared with similar reports from the developed countries. Survival in Hodgkin's disease was influenced by clinical stage and age at presentation.
Differences in expression of metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators in murine melanocytes and B16 melanoma variants: Lack of association with In vitro invasion
Authors: Huuzer Jeannette C. , Uhlenkott Carey E. , Meadows Gary G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated in vitro chemotactic responses to fibronectin and laminin, invasion through reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators by non‐tumorigenic Mel‐ab melano‐cytes; B16 melanoma; and the metastatic sublines, B16F1, B16F10 and B16BL6. In vitro chemotactic and invasive ability were not associated with in vivo metastatic potential. Secretion of various matrix‐degrading enzymes was not related to in vitro invasion. Conditioned media from all B16 melanoma sublines, but not from Mel‐ab cells, contained the Mr 92,000 pro‐gelatinase. The activated Mr 85,000 species was present only in conditioned media from Mel‐ab, B16 and B16F1 cells. Mel‐ab cells secreted copious amounts of the Mr 72,000 pro‐gelatinase, and the Mr 66,000 active form was also present in conditioned media. Secretion of the Mr 72,000 pro‐gelatinase by B16 melanoma sublines was markedly lower, and only conditioned media from B16 cells contained the activated Mr 66,000 form. Furthermore, cell lysates of Mel‐ab cells contained a Mr 67,000 metalloproteinase which was absent in the tumor cells. All cells secreted tissue plasminogen activator; however, the metastatic B16F1, B16F10 and B16‐BL6 cells also secreted urokinase plasminogen activator. Our results indicate that matrix metalloproteinase secretion by itself is not associated with tumorigenicity or metastatic potential. Secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator, and not tissue plasminogen activator, reflected the metastatic characteristics of the B16 melanoma tumor sublines.
In vivo inhibition of oestrone sulphatase and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphatase by oestrone‐3‐O‐sulphamate
Authors: Purohit A. , Williams G. J. , Roberts C. J. , Potter B. V. L. , Reed M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany tumours in endocrine‐sensitive tissues, such as the breast and endometrium, are hormone‐dependent and the hydrolysis of oestrone sulphate (EIS) to oestrone by oestrone sulphatase (EI‐STS) is a major source of oestrogen in such tumours. Oestrone‐3‐O‐sulphamate (EMATE) has been shown to be a potent EI‐STS inhibitor in vitro, and in this study its ability to inhibit enzyme activity in vivo was examined. EMATE was initially administered to female rats for 7 days, after which liver EI‐STS activity was measured. As EMATE also inhibits a related sulphatase in vitro, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphatase (DHA‐STS), its effect on the activity of this enzyme in vivo was also investigated. DHA‐STS has a pivotal role in regulating the synthesis of another steroid with potent oestrogenic properties, androstenediol. Administration of EMATE almost completely inhibited liver EI ‐STS (99%) and DHA‐STS (99%) activities and was active when given by the oral or subcutaneous routes. After a single dose of EMATE or following the cessation of multiple doses for 10 days, liver EI‐STS activity remained inhibited (>95%) for up to 7 and 10 days, respectively. Other compounds, such as 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and the “pure” anti‐oestrogen ICI 182,780, which are reported to inhibit EI‐STS activity in vitro, did not inhibit activity in vivo. In a preliminary study, EMATE, when injected over a 12‐day period, effectively reduced the growth of EI S‐stimulated nitrosomethyl‐urea‐induced mammary tumours in ovariectomised rats and inhibited tumour sulphatase activity in treated animals.
Is the apparent rise in cancer mortality in the elderly real? analysis of changes in certification and coding of cause of death in England and Wales, 1970–1990
Authors: Grulich Andrew E. , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Silva Isabel Dos Santos , Beral Valerie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of changes in recording and coding of cause of death on trends in cancer mortality in England and Wales in persons aged 45 and over during 1970–1990 is reviewed. During this period, all‐cancer mortality rates increased only at ages over 75 in males and over 55 in females. Rises in cancer mortality were largely due to increases in cancer of lung, prostate and unspecified site in men, and of lung, breast and unspecified site in women. Death coding and certification artefacts were much larger in older persons. In those aged 75–84, a change in the position of recording cancer on the death certificate could potentially account for 46% of the recorded increase in prostate‐cancer mortality and 28% of the increase in breast‐cancer mortality. The decrease in recorded mortality from ill‐defined terminal events was far greater than the increase in cancer mortality in this age group. The rise in all‐cancer mortality in the elderly was partly due to an increase in lung‐cancer mortality, and data artefacts explained a large proportion of the increase in the other common specified cancers in those aged 75–84. The use of routine mortality statistics to chart progress against cancer lacks validity at older ages because of imprecision in certification of cause of death.
Distribution of extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the α3 and α6 integrin subunits in solid tumors
Authors: Patriarca Carlo , Ivanyi Dagmar , Fles Daniëlle , De Melker Annemieke , Van Doornewaard Greet , Oomen Lauran , Alfano Rosa Maria , Coggi Guido , Sonnenberg Arnoud 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntegrins play an important role in malignant transformation and the invasion of tumors. They mediate cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions and participate in transduction of signals across the plasma membrane, processes dependent on the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of integrins. We studied a selection of solid tumors by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the extracellular domain and the cytoplasmic variants (A and B) of the α3 and α6 integrin subunits. The tissue‐specific expression of ecto‐ and cyto‐domains of α3 and α6 is maintained in a subset of breast, colon, kidney and parotid tumors. In a few breast tumors, there was a switch in variant expression in that α6B was detected instead of α6A in normal breast tissue. In many colon and parotid tumors, one of the variants of α6 was missing, while both were detectable in the corresponding normal tissues. In contrast, co‐expression of the α6 variants was found in some kidney tumors, whereas only one of the variants was detected in the normal tissue. In a minority of colon and kidney tumors, the cytodomains of α3 and α6 were undetectable and total absence of α3 and α6 was noted in a subset of breast, colon, kidney and parotid tumors. These observations show that expression of the integrin variants in tumors varies considerably and support the concept that changes in expression may contribute to malignant behavior.
Response to interferon therapy in patients with multiple myeloma correlates with expression of the Bcl‐2 oncoprotein
Authors: Sangfelt Olle , Österborg Anders , Grandér Dan , Anderbring Elisabet , Öst Åke , Mellstedt Håkan , Einhorn Stefan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of the Bcl‐2 oncoprotein was studied in pre‐treatment bone‐marrow samples from 63 patients with multiple myeloma, using an immunohistochemistry technique. A variable expression of the Bcl‐2 protein was found in myeloma cells. 43% of the patients had strong expression of the Bcl‐2 protein in the malignant cells. Forty patients received α‐interferon, whereas 23 patients received melphalan/prednisone therapy. A significant association (p = 0.012) was found between high levels of Bcl‐2 expression in myeloma cells and resistance to interferon therapy. No such correlation was found in the melphalan/prednisone treated patients. The data indicate that over‐expression of Bcl‐2 may be a cause for resistance to interferon therapy in myeloma and that staining for Bcl‐2 expression in myeloma cells may have a predictive value for this treatment.
Variable expression of CD3‐ζ chain in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) derived from renal‐cell carcinoma: Relationship with til phenotype and function
Authors: Tartour Eric , Latour Sylvain , Mathiot Claire , Thiounn Nicolas , Mosseri Véronique , Joyeux Isabelle , D'Enghien Catherine Dubois , Lee Renshiang , Debre Bernard , Fridman Wolf Herman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that in mice and in humans, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may exhibit a defect in CD3‐ζ‐chain expression. Therefore, the level of CD3‐ζ was analyzed in TIL derived from patients with renal‐cell carcinoma, and its correlation with TIL phenotype and function was assessed. We identified 4 out of 13 tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes derived from renal‐cell carcinoma, with a significant decrease in CD3‐ζ‐chain expression as compared with control peripheral‐blood lymphocytes. This defect was never found after culturing TIL with IL2. In one case, the low expression of ζ chain observed in TIL on day 0 was reversed when TIL were cultured with IL2. The ζ‐chain level did not seem to predict the growth of TIL in response to IL2. All the TIL, irrespective of the level of ζ‐chain expression, exhibited lower proliferative response when stimulated with PHA or anti‐CD3 MAb in comparison with normal peripheral‐blood mononuclear cells. Nevertheless, in this limited series of patients, a correlation was observed between the level of ζ‐chain expression and T‐cell infiltration (p = 0.02). After TIL stimulation with PHA or anti‐CD3, in contrast to IL2 or IFNγ production, a trend towards a relationship between TNF α induction and the level of ζ‐chain expression was observed.
Inhibition of processing of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide by anti‐sense furin: Effect in vitro and in vivo on rat leydig (H‐500) tumor cells
Authors: Liu Bin , Amizuka Norio , Goltzman David , Rabbani Shafaat A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo attain full biological activity, the precursor pro‐parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (ProPTHRP) must be converted to the mature peptide PTHRP. We have examined the effect of inhibiting expression of the pro‐hormone convertase furin in H‐500 rat Leydig tumor cells on PTHRP production and action in vitro and in vivo. H‐500 Leydig tumor cells were stably transfected with a mammalian expression plasmid containing furin cDNA in an anti‐sense orientation. This resulted in inhibition of endogenous furin mRNA expression and of protein production as assessed by immunocytochemistry. These experimental cells secreted extended NH2‐terminal PTHRP forms with reduced adenylate cyclase‐stimulating activity. This was associated with a marked decrease in the proliferation of these tumor cells in vitro. Transfected and control cells were then implanted into male Fischer rats. Animals implanted with control cells became hypercalcemic. In contrast, animals implanted with experimental cells maintained near normal levels of plasma calcium. Experimental cells inoculated in vivo developed into tumors of significantly decreased volume compared to control cells and animal survival time was prolonged. Our results indicate that alteration of the processing of PTHRP can diminish the hypercalcemic endocrine actions of PTHRP and can reduce autocrine/paracrine effects of PTHRP on tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Furin may also exert a broader role in processing other factors required for tumor proliferation. Consequently, anti‐sense modulation of furin activity may be a potential modality for understanding the mechanism of neoplastic growth and progression.
Comparative expression of the psoriasin (S100A7) and S100C genes in breast carcinoma and co‐localization to human chromosome 1q21‐q22
Authors: Moog‐Lutz Christel , Bouillet Philippe , Régnier Catherine H. , Tomasetto Catherine , Mattei Marie‐Geneviève , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Anglard Patrick , Rio Marie‐Christine , Basset Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing differential screening of a breast cancer cDNA library, we isolated a cDNA encoding the psoriasin (S100A7) protein, previously identified in psoriatic epidermis. In the present study, we demonstrate that the psoriasin gene is expressed in breast cancer cell lines and in cancer cells of some breast carcinomas but not in any non‐cancerous tissues examined, except skin. Another S100 gene, S100C, which we co‐localized with the psoriasin gene to human chromosome Iq21‐q22, was found to be expressed in most tissues and cell lines evaluated. These findings add support to the concept that the S100 genes clustered in human chromosome Iq21‐q22 are individually controlled and that some of them may be involved in the regulation of cell transformation and/or differentiation.
Deprivation, stage at diagnosis and cancer survival
Authors: Schrijvers Carola T. M. , Mackenbach Johan P. , Lutz Jean‐Michel , Quinn Michael J. , Coleman Michel P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe association between an area‐based measure of deprivation and survival from the 10 most common cancers was studied in 155,682 patients diagnosed between 1980 and 1989 in the area covered by the South Thames Regional Health Authority. Furthermore, the impact of stage of disease at diagnosis on this association was studied. The measure of deprivation was the Car‐stairs Index of the census enumeration district of each patient's residence at diagnosis (5 categories) and the cancers studied were: lung, breast, colorectum, bladder, prostate, stomach, pancreas, ovary, uterus and cervix. In the univariate analyses the measure of outcome was the relative survival rate and in the multivariate analyses it was the hazard ratio. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that patients from affluent areas had better survival than patients from deprived areas for cancers of the lung, breast, colorectum, bladder, prostate, uterus and cervix. Stage of disease at diagnosis did not explain the survival differences by deprivation category. For cancers of the stomach, pancreas and ovary, no variation in survival by deprivation category was found. For most cancer sites, a clear gradient in survival by deprivation category was observed, which implies a large potential reduction of cancer mortality among the lower socioeconomic groups. Future studies need to incorporate other possible explanatory factors, besides stage, of the association between deprivation and survival.
Prognostic value of DNA index, S‐phase fraction and p53 protein accumulation after surgical resection of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinomas in Thailand
Authors: Chanvitan Apinop , Nekarda Hjalmar , Casson Alan G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prognostic value of cell nuclear DNA content, S‐phase fraction and p53 protein accumulation in esophageal squamous‐cell carcinomas was studied in a consecutive series of 80 patients from a high‐incidence region of southern Thailand, who underwent esophagectomy between 1983 and 1993. Flow cytometry was used to determine tumor ploidy, DNA index and S‐phase fraction, while p53 protein accumulation was evaluated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal anti‐p53 antibody, CO7. Biomarkers were correlated with clinico‐pathologic findings and survival by univariate and multivariate analysis. p53 protein was found in 40 tumors (50%), and was associated with significantly reduced overall survival. In patients with immunopositive tumors, depth of primary tumor invasion, lymph‐node status, TNM stage and tumor grade were also significant prognostic factors. Additional predictors of reduced overall survival after esophagectomy, determined by flow cytometry, included S‐phase fraction above 10%, aneuploidy (DNA index 1.2–1.8) and multiploidy (DNA index >2.2). This study further implicates p53 in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma. Prognostic factors such as p53 protein, S‐phase fraction and DNA index may be useful in stratifying patients for adjuvant therapies in future clinical trials of esophageal cancer.
Liver endothelial cells participate in T‐cell‐dependent host resistance to lymphoma metastasis by production of nitric oxide in vivo
Authors: Rocha Marian , Krüger Achim , Van Rooijen Nico , Schirrmacher Volker , Umansky Victor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor growth and metastasis of IacZ‐transduced murine lymphoma ESbL cells inoculated into syngeneic DBA/2 mice are characterized by a transient plateau phase with a constant tumor diameter and low metastatic load, indicating a host response against the tumor. Here we show that endothelial cells participate in a T‐cell‐dependent, anti‐metastatic response by producing NO in situ. Liver endothelial cells were isolated and examined directly ex vivo without further manipulation. NO production in liver endothelial cells reached the highest level during the plateau phase but declined toward the end of it, followed by an overall breakdown of host response, leading to progressive tumor growth and high load of liver metastasis. Mice subjected to anti‐tumor immunization and subsequent challenge with a tumorigenic dose of ESbL‐IacZ cells showed, in comparison to non‐immunized challenged controls, reduced liver metastasis and increased endothelial NO production. Adoptive transfer of anti‐tumor immune spleen cells from semi‐allogeneic B10.D2 mice into tumor‐bearing animals during the plateau phase caused a regression of primary tumor and metastases, together with a preservation of the high level of NO synthesis in endothelial cells. In immuno‐incompetent (SCID) mice, tumor growth and metastasis were progressive and there was no endothelial NO response. Pre‐immunization of immuno‐competent mice with both live and irradiated tumor cells at different sites of the body led to an induction of NO production by liver endothelial cells. These results reveal a novel role of endothelial cells in the suppression of lymphoma metastasis in the liver. The inducible endothelial cell NO response is apparently dependent and induced by mature T lymphocytes.