bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of genetic population variables for six radiographic criteria of hip dysplasia in a colony of Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Ohlerth Stefanie , Lang Johann , Busato André , Gaillard Claude 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To estimate genetic population variables for 6 radiographic criteria of canine hip dysplasia (CHD).Animals—664 full- and half-siblings from a colony of Labrador Retrievers.Procedure—Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were calculated for 6 radiographic criteria of CHD. Two evaluation protocols were compared: the grade of the most severely affected hip joint and the sum of the scores for both hip joints. The predictive performance of estimated breeding values was also evaluated.Results—The overall prevalence of CHD (Fédération Cynologique Internationale grades C, D, and E) was 29.6%. Median age at radiographic examination was 377 days. Heritability for the total CHD grade, Norberg angle (NA), coverage of the femoral head (COV), craniodorsal acetabular rim (ACR), subchondral bone sclerosis (SUBCH), shape of the femoral head and neck (FHN), and osteoarthritic changes at the insertion site of the joint capsule (JC) was estimated as follows: 0.44, 0.43, 0.46, 0.37, 0.32, 0.21, and 0.05, respectively. Heritability estimates were slightly higher for the sum of the scores for both hip joints. If NA and COV were included as fixed effects in the model for the dependent variables ACR, SUBCH, FHN, and JC , then heritability of these traits significantly decreased (0.08 to 0.15). High scores of NA and COV lead to a significant increase of the scores of the remaining criteria.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Canine hip dysplasia is heritable to a moderate degree. Signs of subluxation revealed the highest heritability estimates. The criteria ACR, SUBCH, FHN, and JC were strongly influenced by NA and COV. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:846–852)
Fluorophotometric determination of aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Ward Daniel A. , Cawrse Margaret A. , Hendrix Diane V. H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs, using fluorophotometry.Animals—20 clinically normal Beagles.Procedure—A study was performed on 5 dogs to establish an optimal protocol for fluorophotometric determination of aqueous humor flow rate. This protocol then was used to measure aqueous humor flow rate in 15 dogs. Corneas were loaded with fluorescein by topical application, and corneal and aqueous humor fluorescein concentrations were measured 5, 6.5, and 8 hours after application. Concentration-versus- time plots were generated, and slopes and ratios of the fluorescein concentration in the cornea and aqueous humor from these graphs were used to calculate flow rates. Calculations were performed by use of automated software provided with the fluorophotometer and by manual computation, and the 2 calculation methods were compared.Results—The protocol established for the 5 dogs resulted in semilogarithmic and parallel decay of corneal and aqueous humor concentrations. Manually calculated mean ± SD aqueous humor flow rates for left, right, and both eyes were 5.58 ± 2.42, 4.86 ± 2.49, and 5.22 ± 1.87 μl/min, respectively, whereas corresponding flow rates calculated by use of the automated software were 4.54 ± 3.08, 4.54 ± 3.10, and 4.54 ± 2.57 μl/min, respectively. Values for the left eye were significantly different between the 2 computation methods.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Aqueous humor flow rates can be determined in dogs, using fluorophotometry. This technique can be used to assess pathologic states and medical and surgical treatments that alter aqueous humor dynamics. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:853–858)
Molecular epidemiologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of various ribotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from humans and ruminants
Authors: Rivas Ariel L. , Bodis Mary , Bruce James L. , Anderson Kevin L. , Klein Renate F. , González Rubén N. , Quimby Fred W. , Batt Carl A. , Lein Donald H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To assess automated ribotyping for characterization ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates and to identify their type prevalence and geographic distribution.Sample Population—39 human and 56 ruminantP aeruginosaisolates.Procedures—Isolates were identified by use of bacteriologic techniques and automatedPvuII-based ribotyping. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested in vitro. Data were analyzed for index of discrimination; prevalence ratio; geographic distribution of ribotypes found only in humans, only in cows, or only in goats (single-host ribotypes); and geographic distribution of ribotypes found in humans and ruminants (multihost ribotypes).Results—All isolates were typeable (45 ribotypes, 35 single-host ribotypes). Ribotyping index of discrimination was 0.976. More isolates (45.3%) than expected yielded multihost ribotypes (22% of all ribotypes). Although 8.6% of single-host ribotypes were found in 4 or more isolates, 60% of multihost ribotypes were found in 4 or more isolates. Ninety percent of multihost ribotypes were isolated from different geographic areas, whereas 3.0% of singlehost ribotypes were isolated from different geographic areas. All ruminant isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and polymyxin B. In contrast, antibiogram profiles differed for human isolates from different geographic areas. Susceptibility to antimicrobials differentiated 6 isolates not distinguished by ribotyping.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Automated ribotyping withPvuII discriminated more isolates than in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. In combination, both tests provided more information than either test alone. Given the greater prevalence and geographic distribution of multihost ribotypes, immunocompromised humans and lactating ruminants may have a greater risk for disease if exposed to multihostPaeruginosaribotypes, compared with single-host ribotypes. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:864–870)
Effect of a leukocyte-depleting filter in an extracorporeal circuit used for low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of equine jejunum
Authors: Hoogmoed Linda M. Van , Snyder Jack R. , Nieto Jorge G. , Harmon Faye A. , Timmerma Brenna L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effect of leukocyte depletion on hematologic, morphologic, and metabolic variables of equine jejunum after induction of arterial lowflow ischemia and reperfusion by use of an extracorporeal circuit.Animals—14 healthy adult horses.Procedure—A segment of jejunum was surgically removed and maintained in an isolated circuit for 3 hours (control group), arterial flow was reduced to 20% of baseline for 40 minutes followed by 1 hour of reperfusion (low-flow group), or leukocyte depletion was filter-induced, and low-flow ischemia and reperfusion were conducted as in the low-flow control group (filter-treated group). Various metabolic, hemodynamic, and histomorphologic variables were evaluated, including effects of electrical field stimulation and L-N-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) on contractile activity.Results—The extracorporeal circuit appeared to maintain the jejunum within physiologic limits for an extended period. Low-flow ischemia with reperfusion induced significant differences in various measurements, compared with control specimens. Significant differences were not detected between the low-flow and filter-treated groups. Myeloperoxidase activity was greater in the low-flow group than the control group, whereas a difference was not detected between control and filter-treated groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The extracorporeal circuit maintained intestine for 3 hours in a physiologic state and may be used for simulation of tissue injury. Leukocyte depletion generally did not attenuate the effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion on equine small intestine. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:87–96)
Morphometric and anatomic study of the hind limb of a dog
Authors: Shahar Ron , Milgram Joshua 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Objective—To obtain the anatomic and morphometric
data required for biomechanical analysis of the
hind limb in dogs.
Animals—A healthy adult mixed-breed 23-kg male
dog.
Procedure—Following euthanasia of the dog, all
muscles of the right hind limb were identified and
meticulously removed. Physiologic cross-sectional
areas (PCSA) and architectural indices (AI) were calculated.
The coordinates for the origin and insertion
of each muscle were determined, using orthogonal
right-handed coordinate systems embedded in the
pelvis, femur, and tibia.
Results—PCSA and AI were calculated for 29 muscles,
and coordinates for the origins and insertions of
these muscles were determined.
Conclusions—Results provide the morphometric
and anatomic data necessary for 3-dimensional biomechanical
studies of the hind limb in dogs. ( Am J
Vet Res 2001;62:928–933)
Selenium status of cats in four regions of the world and comparison with reported incidence of hyperthyroidism in cats in those regions
Authors: Foster Darren J. , Thoday Keith L. , Arthur John R. , Nicol Fergus , Beatty Julia A. , Svendsen Carl K. , Labuc Robert , McConnell Mary , Sharp Margaret , Thomas Jan B. , Beckett Geoffery J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess selenium (Se) status of cats in
4 regions of the world and to compare results for Se
status with reported incidence of hyperthyroidism in
cats in those regions.

Animals—50 cats (30 from 2 regions with an allegedly
high incidence of hyperthyroidism and 20 from 2 regions
in which the disease is less commonly reported).

Procedure—Hematologic samples (heparinized
whole blood, plasma, and RBC fractions) were
obtained from 43 healthy euthyroid cats and 7 hyperthyroid
cats. Plasma concentration of Se and activity
of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in whole blood and
plasma were determined.

Results—Plasma concentration of Se and GPX activity
in whole blood or plasma did not differ significantly
among cats from the 4 regions. However, cats had
a plasma concentration of Se that was approximately
10 times the concentration reported in rats and
humans. The GPX activity in whole blood or plasma in
cats generally was higher than values reported in rats
or humans.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats have
higher Se concentrations in plasma, compared with
values for other species. However, Se status alone
does not appear to affect the incidence of hyperthyroidism
in cats. High Se concentrations may have
implications for health of cats if such concentrations
are influenced by the amount of that micronutrient
included in diets. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:934–937)
Use of a monovalent leptospiral vaccine to prevent renal colonization and urinary shedding in cattle exposed to Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo
Authors: Bolin Carole A. , Alt David P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a monovalentLeptospira borgpeterseniiserovar hardjo (type hardjobovis) vaccine commercially available in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom would protect cattle from renal colonization and urinary shedding when exposed to a US strain ofLeptospira borgpeterseniiserovar hardjo.Animals—24 Hereford heifers that lacked detectable antibodies against serovar hardjo.Procedure—Heifers received 2 doses, 4 weeks apart, of the commercial hardjo vaccine (n = 8) or a monovalent US reference hardjo vaccine (8) or were not vaccinated (controls; 8). Heifers were challenged 16 weeks later by intraperitoneal inoculation or conjunctival instillation. Serum antibody titers were measured weekly, and urine samples were examined for leptospires. Heifers were euthanatized 11 to 14 weeks after challenge, and kidney tissue was examined for evidence of colonization.Results—All 8 heifers vaccinated with the reference vaccine were found to be shedding leptospires in their urine and had evidence of renal colonization. All 4 control heifers challenged by conjunctival instillation and 2 of 4 control heifers challenged by intraperitoneal inoculation shed leptospires in their urine, and all 8 had evidence of renal colonization. In contrast, leptospires were not detected in the urine or tissues of any of the 8 heifers that received the commercial hardjo vaccine. Heifers that received the commercial hardjo vaccine had significantly higher antibody titers than did heifers that received the reference vaccine.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cattle that received 2 doses of the commercial hardjo vaccine were protected against renal colonization and urinary shedding when challenged withL borgpeterseniiserovar hardjo strain 203 four months after vaccination. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:995–1000)
Iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone into the tarsocrural joint in horses
Authors: Kaneps Andris J. , Craig A. Morrie , Walker Karen C. , True Jan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone to horses results in detectable concentrations in synovial fluid, plasma, and urine.Animals—6 adult mares.Procedure—Iontophoresis was used to administer dexamethasone. Treatments (4 mA for 20 minutes) were administered to a tarsocrural joint of each mare. The drug electrode contained 3 ml of dexamethasone sodium phosphate at a concentration of 4 or 10 mg/ml. Samples of synovial fluid, blood, and urine were obtained before and 0.5, 4, 8, and 24 hours after each treatment. All samples were tested for dexamethasone using an ELISA. Synovial fluid also was evaluated for dexamethasone, using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results—The lower and upper limits of detection for dexamethasone in synovial fluid with the ELISA were 0.21 and 1.5 ng/ml, respectively. Dexamethasone administered at a concentration of 10 mg/ml was detected by the ELISA in synovial fluid of 5 mares from 0.5 to 24 hours and in urine of 4 mares from 0.5 to 8 hours after each treatment, but it was not detected in plasma. Mean synovial fluid concentration of dexamethasone was 1.01 ng/ml. Dexamethasone administered at a concentration of 4 mg/ml was detected by the ELISA in urine of 2 mares at 0.5 and 4 hours after treatment, but it was not detected in synovial fluid or plasma.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Iontophoresis cannot be considered an effective method for delivery of dexamethasone to synovial fluid of horses, because drug concentrations achieved in this study were less than therapeutic concentrations. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:11–14)
Development of a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for detection of platelet surface-associated immunoglobulins in thrombocytopenic dogs
Authors: Scott Michael A. , Kaiser Lana , Davis John M. , Schwartz Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a direct assay to measure platelet surface-associated immunoglobulins (PSAIg) in dogs and to determine whether the assay is useful in the diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT).Animals—20 healthy dogs were used to develop reference intervals, and 23 dogs with IMT and 17 with non-IMT were used to evaluate the clinical use of this assay.Procedure—After optimization of platelet collection and assay conditions, concentrations of PSAIg were measured, using radiolabeled staphylococcal protein A (SpA) and polyclonal antibodies against canine IgG (anti-γ) and IgM (anti-µ). Concentrations of PSAIg were expressed as the percentage of radiolabeled immunoglobulin detector bound.Results—Cut-off values (mean + 3 SD) were as follows: SpA, 1.1%; anti-γ, 1.3%; and anti-µ, 3.5%. Values greater than these cut-off values were considered positive. Values determined by use of radiolabeled SpA for all dogs with IMT were greater than the cut-off value; values were considered high positives (> 5 times cut-off value) for 22 of these 23 dogs. Although 9 of 17 dogs with non-IMT also had PSAIg concentrations greater than the cut-off value, values were considered high positives for only 3 of these 9 dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The immunoradiometric assay developed is a reliable and sensitive method to detect PSAIg in dogs. However, to obtain accurate results, optimum temperature, time, and storage conditions must be used. Detection of increased concentrations of PSAIg in dogs presumed to have non-IMT should alert clinicians to reconsider an immune-mediated basis for the thrombocytopenia. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:124–136)
Vertical position of the patella in the stifle joint of clinically normal large-breed dogs
Authors: Johnson Allen L. , Probst Curtis W. , DeCamp Charles E. , Rosenstein Diana S. , Hauptman Joe G. , Kern Tari L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To define the vertical position of the patella in clinically normal large-breed dogs.Sample Population—Cadavers of 13 clinically normal large-breed dog.Procedure—Both hind limbs were harvested with intact stifle joints and mounted on a positioning device that allowed full range of motion of the stifle joint. Lateral radiographic views were obtained with the stifle joints positioned at each of 5 angles (148°, 130°, 113°, 96°, and 75°). Vertical position of the patella through a range of motion was depicted on a graph of mean stifle angle versus corresponding mean proximal patellar position (PPP) and distal patellar position (DPP) relative to the femoral trochlea for each dog. Ratio of length of the patellar ligament to length of the patella (L:P) was determined for each dog. Overall mean, SD, and 95% confidence intervals for L:P were calculated for all dogs.Results—Evaluation of vertical position of the patella through a range of motion revealed a nearly linear relationship between joint angle and PPP and joint angle and DPP. Evaluation of L:P results did not reveal significant differences between limbs (left or right) or among joint angles. Overall mean ± SD L:P for all dogs was 1.68 ± 0.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 2.03).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The L:P proved to be a repeatable measurement of vertical patellar position, which is independent of stifle angles from 75° to 148°. This measurement could be used as a quantitative method for diagnosing patella alta and patella baja in large-breed dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:42–46)
Relationship between incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus and biometeorologic events in a population of military working dogs
Authors: Herbold John R. , Moore George E. , Gosch Terry L. , Bell B. Sue 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To calculate the monthly incidence of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in a population of military working dogs during a 5-year period and determine whether there was an association with synoptic climatologic indices.Sample Population—Medical records of all military working dogs housed at Lackland Air Force Base,Tex, from Jan 1, 1993 to Dec 31, 1997.Procedure—Confirmed cases of GDV were identified from evaluation of medical records and used to calculate incidence of GDV. Factor analysis of local climatologic data was used to classify each day into 1 of 8 meteorologically homogeneous types of days for this location. Occurrence of GDV was compared with frequency of occurrence of synoptic climatologic days.Results—48 cases of GDV were identified from January 1993 through December 1997. Mean monthly incidence was 2.5 cases/1,000 dogs at risk (range, 0 to 18.5 cases/1,000 dogs; median, 2.5 cases/1,000 dogs). A seasonal increase in incidence of GDV was detected, because half of the episodes were during November, December, and January. An association with a specific synoptic climatologic day was not detected.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Seasonal fluctuations in incidence of GDV may be associated with external factors that precipitate physiologic changes resulting in GDV. Although a specific cause-effect relationship was not documented, clinicians must be alert for the potential of seasonal variation in incidence of GDV and accordingly heighten their index of suspicion for the condition, particularly in populations of dogs that are predisposed to development of GDV. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:47–52)
Tissue solubility of four volatile anesthetics in fresh and frozen tissue specimens from swine
Authors: Zhou Jian-Xin , Liu Jin 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine tissue solubilities of desflurane,
sevoflurane, enflurane, and halothane in swine
and to evaluate the effects of freezing specimens on
tissue solubility.

Sample Population—Arterial blood samples and
specimens of brain, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, and
subcutaneous fat from 5 healthy female adult
Chinese Meishan pigs.

Procedure—Each tissue specimen was divided into 2
parts. One part was used to measure tissue-gas partition
coefficients immediately after collection. The
other part was frozen at –20 C for 6 days prior to
determination of tissue-gas partition coefficients.
Tissue-gas and blood-gas partition coefficients were
measured by use of gas chromatography, and tissueblood
partition coefficients were calculated.
Regression analysis was performed to determine
whether fat-gas partition coefficients were correlated
with lean tissue-gas partition coefficients.

Results—Tissue-gas and blood-gas partition coefficients
of halothane were greater than those of enflurane
followed by coefficients of sevoflurane and desflurane.
However, the order of anesthetic agents with
the greatest to smallest tissue-blood partition coefficients
was sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and
desflurane. Muscle-gas partition coefficients of
sevoflurane and enflurane, liver-gas partition coefficients
of desflurane and halothane, and the kidneygas
partition coefficient of enflurane were significantly
greater in frozen specimens, compared with fresh
specimens. Lean tissue-gas partition coefficients of
all 4 volatile anesthetics correlated directly with fatgas
partition coefficients.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The fat content
of lean tissue is an important factor in determining
the tissue solubility of volatile anesthetics.
Freezing specimens before determination of tissuegas
partition coefficients may result in a false increase
in tissue solubility. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:74–77)
Facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the L5-S1 region of the vertebral column in German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Seiler Gabriela S. , Häni Hansjürg , Busato André R. , Lang Johann 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the possible association between facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in German Shepherd Dogs.Animals—25 German Shepherd Dogs and 11 control dogs of similar body weight and condition.Procedure—Facet joint angles in the caudal portion of the lumbar region of the vertebral column (L5-S1) were measured by use of computed tomography, and the intervertebral discs were evaluated microscopically. The relationship between facet joint geometry and disk degeneration was evaluated by use of statistical methods.Results—German Shepherd Dogs had significantly more facet joint tropism than control dogs, but an association with disk degeneration was not found. However, German Shepherd Dogs had a different facet joint conformation, with more sagittally oriented facet joints at L5-L6 and L6-L7 and a larger angle difference between the lumbar and lumbosacral facet joints, compared with control dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—A large difference between facet joint angles at L6-L7 and L7-S1 in German Shepherd Dogs may be associated with the frequent occurrence of lumbosacral disk degeneration in this breed. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:86f–90)