bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Numerical Model Considering Unsaturated Soil Properties and Computational Study on Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of Helix Ground Heat Exchanger
Authors: Liu Yajiao , Zhao Yu , Li Tao , Xiong Ye , Liu Li , Li Zhiyong , Wang Yuan , Chen Zizi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A novel three-dimensional numerical simulation model for the helix ground heat exchanger was proposed in this paper, which takes into account unsaturated soil properties. This model is more suitable for real working conditions. To validate its accuracy, a miniature model heat transfer experimental platform was constructed. Additionally, the study conducted simulation research using three types of soil with significantly different thermal and moisture characteristics. Moreover, the comprehensive thermal conductivity and water diffusion coefficient of these three soil types were determined by relevant literature and experimental tests. The aim was to comprehensively explore the impact of different soil types on the heat and mass transfer of the helix ground heat exchanger. The results indicate that the numerical model developed in this paper accurately captures the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the helix ground heat exchanger to a certain extent. Increasing the comprehensive thermal conductivity and water diffusion coefficient of the soil can significantly enhance the heat exchange capacity of the exchanger. For instance, under sandy loam conditions, the heat exchange capacity is approximately 20.73% higher compared to clay loam conditions. The study also identifies two distinct areas around the helix ground heat exchanger: the severe change region and the soft change region. In the severe change region, there is a notable decrease in soil water content near the exchanger, which inevitably weakens the thermal conductivity of the soil. It is advised to minimize this effect through measures like active water spraying.
The Role of Turbulence Transport in Mechanical Energy Budgets
Authors: Przytarski Pawel J. , Lengani Davide , Simoni Daniele , Wheeler Andrew P. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study the role of turbulence transport on loss prediction using high fidelity scale-resolving simulations. For this purpose, we use eight high-fidelity simulation datasets and compute flux of entropy and stagnation pressure transport equation budgets for all the cases. We find that under certain unsteady inflow conditions, the stagnation pressure coefficient is not a reliable loss metric even at low Mach number conditions. This is due to the turbulence transport terms. The impact of these terms, typically assumed to be negligible, made stagnation pressure loss coefficient underpredict loss from 0% to over 40% when compared to entropy loss coefficient for cases considered here. This effect was most pronounced for the cases with highly unsteady inflow conditions and at low Reynolds numbers.
The small molecule CBR-5884 inhibits the
Candida albicans
phosphatidylserine synthase
Authors: Zhou Yue , Phelps Gregory A. , Mangrum Mikayla M. , McLeish Jemma , Phillips Elise K. , Lou Jinchao , Ancajas Christelle F. , Rybak Jeffrey M. , Oelkers Peter M. , Lee Richard E. , Best Michael D. , Reynolds Todd B. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Systemic infections by
Candida
spp. are associated with high mortality rates, partly due to limitations in current antifungals, highlighting the need for novel drugs and drug targets. The fungal phosphatidylserine synthase, Cho1, from
Candida albicans
is a logical antifungal drug target due to its importance in virulence, absence in the host, and conservation among fungal pathogens. Inhibitors of Cho1 could serve as lead compounds for drug development, so we developed a target-based screen for inhibitors of purified Cho1. This enzyme condenses serine and cytidyldiphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) into phosphatidylserine (PS) and releases cytidylmonophosphate (CMP). Accordingly, we developed an
in vitro
nucleotidase-coupled malachite-green-based high throughput assay for purified
C. albicans
Cho1 that monitors CMP production as a proxy for PS synthesis. Over 7,300 molecules curated from repurposing chemical libraries were interrogated in primary and dose-responsivity assays using this platform. The screen had a promising average
Z
’ score of ~0.8, and seven compounds were identified that inhibit Cho1. Three of these, ebselen, LOC14, and CBR-5884, exhibited antifungal effects against
C. albicans
cells, with fungicidal inhibition by ebselen and fungistatic inhibition by LOC14 and CBR-5884. Only CBR-5884 showed evidence of disrupting
in vivo
Cho1 function by inducing phenotypes consistent with the
cho1∆∆
mutant, including a reduction of cellular PS levels. Kinetics curves and computational docking indicate that CBR-5884 competes with serine for binding to Cho1 with a
K
i
of 1,550 ± 245.6 nM. Thus, this compound has the potential for development into an antifungal compound.

IMPORTANCE

Fungal phosphatidylserine synthase (Cho1) is a logical antifungal target due to its crucial role in the virulence and viability of various fungal pathogens, and since it is absent in humans, drugs targeted at Cho1 are less likely to cause toxicity in patients. Using fungal Cho1 as a model, there have been two unsuccessful attempts to discover inhibitors for Cho1 homologs in whole-cell screens prior to this study. The compounds identified in these attempts do not act directly on the protein, resulting in the absence of known Cho1 inhibitors. The significance of our research is that we developed a high-throughput target-based assay and identified the first Cho1 inhibitor, CBR-5884, which acts both on the purified protein and its function in the cell. This molecule acts as a competitive inhibitor with a
K
i
value of 1,550 ± 245.6 nM and, thus, has the potential for development into a new class of antifungals targeting PS synthase.
Supplemental Material: Carbon-rich polyphasic inclusions in postcollisional mafic magmatic rocks from the Dabie Shan, China: Implications for the carbon cycle in continental subduction zones
Authors: Tan Dongbo , al. et 
Published: April 2024

<p>Figure S1: Microphotographs display the textures of polyphasic inclusions trapped in the olivine of Zhujiapu rocks from Dabie Shan. Figure S2: Microphotographs show the abundant carbon phases inside both types of inclusions in four host minerals of Zhujiapu rocks from Dabie Shan. Figure S3: The variation of δ<sup>26</sup>Mg versus δ<sup>25</sup>Mg for Zhujiapu rocks from Dabie Shan aligns along the terrestrial equilibrium mass fractionation line. </p>
Magnitude of fruit and vegetable consumption and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending health services at selected health centers in Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hussien Burtukan , Elema Teshome Bekele , Worku Lelisa , Rekiti Taferi Atomsa , Luke Amana Ogatu , Sime Addisu Tadesse , Bogale Eyob Ketema 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending health services at selected health centres.MethodsInstitution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A study was conducted in selected health centres of Yeka subcity, Addis Ababa, from 2 March 2022 to 5 May= 2022. The sample comprised 285 patients with T2DM chosen by simple random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out via a structured questionnaire, followed by interviews and further analysed using SPSS V.25. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the study population’s characteristics, while logistic regression was used to identify the factors linked to FV consumption.ResultsThe study’s findings indicated that the recommended amount of FV consumption was low among study participants at 25.8%, with a range of 20.9%–31.5%. The consumption of FV was linked to various factors, including food prepared by house servants (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.97), having knowledge about FV intake (AOR 4.38, 95% CI 1.88 to 10.15), accessibility of FV (AOR 4.54, 95% CI 2.05 to 10.09), affordability to buy FVs (AOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.18), perceiving FVs as preferable (AOR 4.51, 95% CI 2.13 to 9.54) and awareness of WHO recommendations (AOR = 0.25,95% CI, 0.11–0.55).ConclusionAbout one-fourth of study participants consume more than five servings of FV every day, which is the recommended quantity of servings. Eating food prepared by servants, having no information, difficulty accessing FV, not affording to buy FV, not perceiving FV as a preferable food for diabetics, having awareness about WHO recommendations on FV were factors significantly associated with FV consumption among people with T2DM. Hence health information dissemination about recommended FV consumption among people with T2DM should be strengthened.
Social determinants of the healthcare needs of undocumented migrants living with non-communicable diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Tenorio-Mucha Janeth , Jeffries-Tolksdorf Corinne , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Refle Jan-Erik , Jackson Yves 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to map the social determinants of meeting the healthcare needs of undocumented migrants living with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) throughout their migration journey (from the country of origin to the country(/ies) of transit and destination).DesignWe conducted a scoping review.Data sourcesWe searched literature in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaWe included articles that describe interventions, programmes or policies for undocumented migrants living with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, or diabetes. There were no restrictions by setting (eg, hospital, community or mobile clinic) or country. We included articles published in English, Spanish, or French between 2000 to 2022.Data extraction and synthesisThe data were structured according to the Commission on Social Determinants of Health framework, differentiated along the migration journey (country of origin, transit, departure and integration, and country of destination). A new conceptual model emerged from data synthesis.ResultsWe included 22 studies out of 953 identified articles. They reported data from Italy, the USA, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, France, Austria, and Sweden. They show that individual determinants (material, biological, psychosocial and behavioural) evolve throughout the migration journey and influence healthcare needs. The satisfaction of these needs is conditioned by health system-related determinants such as availability and accessibility. However, the individual and health-system determinants depend on the political and legal context of both the country of origin and the country(/ies) of destination, as well as on the socioeconomic position of undocumented migrants in the destination country.ConclusionsMigrant health policies should aim at better responding to NCDs-related healthcare needs of undocumented migrants throughout their migration journey, taking into account the social, economic and legal factors that underlie their health vulnerability.
Long-term performance of textured HDPE geomembranes in municipal solid waste landfills
Authors: Rowe R. Kerry , Ali M.M. , Morsy M.S. 
Published: April 2024

The effect of blown-film co-extrusion texturing (using entrained nitrogen gas) on the long-term performance of high-density polyethylene geomembranes (GMBs) immersed in synthetic municipal solid waste leachate is examined over an approximately 8-year period. Antioxidant depletion of the textured part is shown to be much faster than that of the smooth edge. Likewise, the degradation in the tensile break properties at 85 °C is faster for the textured part than for the smooth-edge portion and smooth equivalent. The updated estimates for antioxidant depletion time based on data at four different temperatures (40, 55, 75, and 85 °C) over 98 months of data collection are compared with predictions based on 34 months of data, and the implications are discussed. Nominal failure was reached at 75 °C, and this combined with data at 85 °C allows prediction of the time between depletion of standard oxidative induction time and nominal failure at lower temperatures. The effect of salt concentration in incubation fluid on the time to degradation is examined. Finally, the paper comments on the uses of textured versus smooth GMB.
Conserved energy–momentum tensor for real-time lattice simulations
Authors: Boguslavski K. , Lappi T. , Peuron J. , Singh P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe derive an expression for the energy–momentum tensor in the discrete lattice formulation of pure glue QCD. The resulting expression satisfies the continuity equation for energy conservation up to numerical errors with a symmetric procedure for the time discretization. In the case of the momentum conservation equation, we obtain an expression that is of higher accuracy in lattice spacing ($${\mathcal {O}}(a^2)$$

O
(

a
2

)

) than the naive discretization where fields in the continuum expressions are replaced by discretized counterparts. The improvements are verified by performing numerical tests on the derived expressions using classical real-time lattice gauge theory simulations. We demonstrate substantial reductions in relative error of one to several orders of magnitude compared to a naive discretization for both energy and momentum conservation equations. We expect our formulation to have applications in the area of pre-equilibrium dynamics in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, in particular for the extraction of transport coefficients such as shear viscosity.
The core of secondary level quantum education: a multi-stakeholder perspective
Authors: Merzel Avraham , Bitzenbauer Philipp , Krijtenburg-Lewerissa Kim , Stadermann Kirsten , Andreotti Erica , Anttila Daria , Bondani Maria , Chiofalo Maria Luisa , Faletič Sergej , Frans Renaat , Goorney Simon , Greinert Franziska , Jurčić Leon , Koupilová Zdeňka , Malgieri Massimiliano , Müller Rainer , Onorato Pasquale , Pospiech Gesche , Ubben Malte , Woitzik Andreas , Pol Henk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuantum physics (QP) education at the secondary school level is still in its infancy. Not only is there ongoing discussion about how to teach this subject, but there is also a lack of coherence in the selection of concepts to be taught, both across countries and over time. To contribute to this discussion, we investigated the perspectives of$N= 39$N=39high school teachers, university-level physics educators, and physics education researchers regarding the essential concepts in QP and the corresponding illustrations that should be introduced at the secondary school level. We examined the prominence of different key concepts and illustrations, as well as the level of consensus among the various professional groups. Our analysis revealed that certain key concepts are universally valued across all professional groups, while others are specific to particular groups. Additionally, we explored the relationships between these key concepts and their corresponding illustrations. Overall, our study offers valuable insights into the perspectives of different stakeholders, emphasizing the essential concepts and visualizations that should be considered when designing and implementing the teaching of QP at the secondary school level.
Perturbation solution of multiphase flow of Williamson fluid through convergent and divergent conduits: Electro-osmotic effects
Authors: Almutairi Shahah , Hussain Farooq , Nazeer Mubbashar , Saleem S. , Mohammed Rubina Sultana 
Published: April 2024

Problem Statement: The hafnium particles are suspended through carrier fluid (Williamson fluid) to discuss the momentum analysis in multiphase flow in two different types of configurations. Research gap: The analysis of the interaction of hafnium nanoparticles with the Williamson fluid model through the convergent and divergent conduits has not been discussed before. Methodology: The equation of continuity and momentum equations are used for this analysis. The solution of both fluid and particle velocities is obtained through the perturbation analytical technique. The perturbation solution is also compared with the numerical solution. Computational results: The Weissenberg number decays the velocity distribution. The suspension of hafnium particles updates the flow distribution through the conduits. The magnitude of the stream function decreases via the Weissenberg number. Applications: This study can help develop a new approach to cancer therapy by using a high atomic number of nanoparticles. Originality: This analysis is original and has neither been submitted nor published before.
Effect of Alcohol-Mediated Renal Denervation on Blood Pressure in the Presence of Antihypertensive Medications: Primary Results From the TARGET BP I Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kandzari David E. , Weber Michael A. , Pathak Atul , Zidar James P. , Saxena Manish , David Shukri W. , Schmieder Roland E. , Janas Adam J. , Langer Christopher , Persu Alexandre , Mendelsohn Farrell O , Ameloot Koen , Foster Malcolm , Fischell Tim A. , Parise Helen , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Renal denervation (RDN) has demonstrated clinically relevant reductions in blood pressure (BP) among individuals with uncontrolled hypertension despite lifestyle intervention and medications. The safety and effectiveness of alcohol-mediated RDN have not been formally studied in this indication.

METHODS:
TARGET BP I is a prospective, international, sham-controlled, randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded trial investigating the safety and efficacy of alcohol-mediated RDN. Patients with office systolic BP (SBP) ≥150 and ≤180 mm Hg, office diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, and mean 24-hour ambulatory SBP ≥135 and ≤170 mm Hg despite prescription of 2 to 5 antihypertensive medications were enrolled. The primary end point was the baseline-adjusted change in mean 24-hour ambulatory SBP 3 months after the procedure. Secondary end points included mean between-group differences in office and ambulatory BP at additional time points.

RESULTS:

Among 301 patients randomized 1:1 to RDN or sham control, RDN was associated with a significant reduction in 24-hour ambulatory SBP at 3 months (mean±SD, −10.0±14.2 mm Hg versus −6.8±12.1 mm Hg; treatment difference, −3.2 mm Hg [95% CI, −6.3 to 0.0];
P
=0.0487). Subgroup analysis of the primary end point revealed no significant interaction across predefined subgroups. At 3 months, the mean change in office SBP was −12.7±18.3 and −9.7±17.3 mm Hg (difference, −3.0 [95% CI, −7.0 to 1.0];
P
=0.173) for RDN and sham, respectively. No significant differences in ambulatory or office diastolic BP were observed. Adverse safety events through 6 months were uncommon, with one instance of accessory renal artery dissection in the RDN group (0.7%). No significant between-group differences in medication changes or patient adherence were identified.

CONCLUSIONS:
Alcohol-mediated RDN was associated with a modest but statistically significant reduction in 24-hour ambulatory SBP compared with sham control. No significant differences between groups in office BP or 6-month major adverse events were observed.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02910414.
La fuite des Iyād au « Pays des Romains » : une théorie de migration transfrontalière aux débuts de l’Islam
Authors: Pierre Simon 
Published: April 2024

Résumé
Cet article procède à l’analyse des sources narratives traitant d’un phénomène unique dans les débuts de l’islam, le passage d’une partie du groupe arabophone des Iyād au service des Romains. Les auteurs d’époque abbasside (132/750-333/945) situent les transfuges dans le contexte des conquêtes (futūḥ) arabo-musulmanes du Moyen-Orient romain et sassanide (v. 10/632-20/642). En mettant en évidence les contradictions, incohérences et anachronismes de ces versions, notamment leur propension à traiter en réalité plus de la migration de l’Irak vers la Syrie du Nord, nous proposons un scénario alternatif : les Iyād s’installèrent progressivement dans le nord du district militaire (ǧund) de Homs, du Nord de la Syrie-Mésopotamie ex-romaine. Compte tenu du contexte des migrations, ralliements et transfuges au cours de la période omeyyade (40/661-132/750) ainsi que des fréquents déplacements de la frontière dans la zone des confins (ṯuġūr), nous suggérons que les Iyād, comme beaucoup d’ethnies chassées et enrôlées dans la région par les deux empires, passèrent peut-être à plusieurs reprises du service des Byzantins à celui des Omeyyades. Finalement, la rigidification des frontières géographiques, politiques et confessionnelles transforma de tels déplacements opportunistes ou forcés, bien qu’encore attestés, en apostasies contre-nature. Or ce contexte prévalut à la rédaction des sources narratives sur leur fuite primordiale au « pays des Romains ».
Global Precipitation Nowcasting of Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM: A U-Net Convolutional LSTM Architecture
Authors: Rahimi Reyhaneh , Ravirathinam Praveen , Ebtehaj Ardeshir , Behrangi Ali , Tan Jackson , Kumar Vipin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a deep supervised learning architecture for 30-min global precipitation nowcasts with a 4-h lead time. The architecture follows a U-Net structure with convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) cells empowered by ConvLSTM-based skip connections to reduce information loss due to the pooling operation. The training uses data from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and a few key drivers of precipitation from the Global Forecast System (GFS). The impacts of different training loss functions, including the mean-squared error (regression) and the focal loss (classification), on the quality of precipitation nowcasts are studied. The results indicate that the regression network performs well in capturing light precipitation (<1.6 mm h−1), while the classification network can outperform the regression counterpart for nowcasting of high-intensity precipitation (>8 mm h−1), in terms of the critical success index (CSI). It is uncovered that including the forecast variables can improve precipitation nowcasting, especially at longer lead times in both networks. Taking IMERG as a relative reference, a multiscale analysis, in terms of fractions skill score (FSS), shows that the nowcasting machine remains skillful for precipitation rate above 1 mm h−1 at the resolution of 10 km compared to 50 km for GFS. For precipitation rates greater than 4 mm h−1, only the classification network remains FSS skillful on scales greater than 50 km within a 2-h lead time.

Significance Statement
This study presents a deep neural network architecture for global precipitation nowcasting with a 4-h lead time, using sequences of past satellite precipitation data and simulations from a numerical weather prediction model. The results show that the nowcasting machine can improve short-term predictions of high-intensity global precipitation. The research outcomes will enable us to expand our understanding of how modern artificial intelligence can improve the predictability of extreme weather and benefit flood early warning systems for saving lives and properties.