bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The melodic nucleus derived from anaphoral chant: ‘signature tune’ of
Kyrie eleison melodies
Authors: COLETTE MARIE-NOËL 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWhereas the melodies of the Ordinary chants of the Mass seem to have been rather few in earlier centuries, they subsequently developed and multiplied as a consequence of new modes of poetic invention (tropes and prosulas), their melodies taking into account the theory of the octoechos. Kyrie melodies provide us with particularly striking witnesses to this development. Despite their number, their diversity, and their classification in the octoechal system, almost all of the Kyrie melodies, at least until the end of the twelfth century, can be traced back to an earlier melodic formula, sometimes termed an ‘anaphoral chant kernel’ (CED, Gba, FGa), recognisable as a ‘signature tune’ of the Kyrie genre. This relates to Dom Jean Claire’s hypothesis about the E corde-mère as the nucleus in which the earlier Kyrie compositions originated. It also forms the focus of the protus authentic and deuterus authentic modes.
Central muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in pilocarpine‐induced salivation, hypertension and water intake
Authors: Borella T L , De Luca L A , Colombari D S A , Menani J V 
Published: September 2008

Background and purpose:Recent evidence has suggested that pilocarpine (ACh receptor agonist) injected peripherally may act centrally producing salivation and hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of specific M1(pirenzepine), M2/M4(methoctramine), M1/M3(4‐DAMP) and M4(tropicamide) muscarinic receptor subtype antagonists injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LV) on salivation, water intake and pressor responses to peripheral pilocarpine.Experimental approach:Male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannulae implanted in the LV were used. Salivation was measured in rats anaesthetized with ketamine (100 mg per kg body weight) and arterial pressure was recorded in unanaesthetized rats.Key results:Salivation induced by i.p. pilocarpine (4 μmol per kg body weight) was reduced only by 4‐DAMP (25–250 nmol) injected into the LV, not by pirenzepine, methoctramine or tropicamide at the dose of 500 nmol. Pirenzepine (0.1 and 1 nmol) and 4‐DAMP (5 and 10 nmol) injected into the LV reduced i.p. pilocarpine‐induced water intake, whereas metoctramine (50 nmol) produced nonspecific effects on ingestive behaviours. Injection of pirenzepine (100 nmol) or 4‐DAMP (25 and 50 nmol) into the LV reduced i.v. pilocarpine‐induced pressor responses. Tropicamide (500 nmol) injected into the LV had no effect on pilocarpine‐induced salivation, pressor responses or water intake.Conclusions and implications:The results suggest that central M3receptors are involved in peripheral pilocarpine‐induced salivation and M1receptors in water intake and pressor responses. The involvement of M3receptors in water intake and pressor responses is not clear because 4‐DAMP blocks both M1and M3receptors.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)155, 1256–1263; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.355; published online 29 September 2008
Reflections on Phonological Working Memory, Letter Knowledge, and Phonological Awareness: A Reply to Hartmann (2008)
Authors: Rvachew Susan , Grawburg Meghann 
Published: September 2008

Purpose
S. Rvachew and M. Grawburg (2006) found that speech perception and vocabulary skills jointly predicted the phonological awareness skills of children with a speech sound disorder. E. Hartmann (2008) suggested that the Rvachew and Grawburg model would be improved by the addition of phonological working memory. Hartmann further suggested that the link between phoneme awareness and letter knowledge should be modeled as a reciprocal relationship. In this letter, Rvachew and Grawburg respond to Hartmann’s suggestions for modification of the model.

Method
The literature on the role of phonological working memory in the development of vocabulary knowledge and phonological awareness was reviewed. Data presented previously by Rvachew and Grawburg (2006) and Rvachew (2006) were reanalyzed.

Results
The reanalysis of previously reported longitudinal data revealed that the relationship between letter knowledge and specific aspects of phonological awareness was not reciprocal for kindergarten-age children with a speech sound disorder.

Conclusions
Phonological working memory, if measured so that relative performance levels do not reflect differences in articulatory accuracy, may not alter the model because of its close correspondence with speech perception skills. However, further study of the hypothesized causal relationships modeled by Rvachew and Grawburg (2006) would be valuable, especially if experimental research designs were used.
A new rule-based algorithm for identifying metabolic markers in prostate cancer using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Osl Melanie , Dreiseitl Stephan , Pfeifer Bernhard , Weinberger Klaus , Klocker Helmut , Bartsch Georg , Schäfer Georg , Tilg Bernhard , Graber Armin , Baumgartner Christian 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent tumor in males and its incidence is expected to increase as the population ages. Prostate cancer is treatable by excision if detected at an early enough stage. The challenges of early diagnosis require the discovery of novel biomarkers and tools for prostate cancer management.
Results: We developed a novel feature selection algorithm termed as associative voting (AV) for identifying biomarker candidates in prostate cancer data measured via targeted metabolite profiling MS/MS analysis. We benchmarked our algorithm against two standard entropy-based and correlation-based feature selection methods [Information Gain (IG) and ReliefF (RF)] and observed that, on a variety of classification tasks in prostate cancer diagnosis, our algorithm identified subsets of biomarker candidates that are both smaller and show higher discriminatory power than the subsets identified by IG and RF. A literature study confirms that the highest ranked biomarker candidates identified by AV have independently been identified as important factors in prostate cancer development.
Availability: The algorithm can be downloaded from the following http://biomed.umit.at/page.cfm?pageid=516
Contact: melanie.osl@umit.at
Environmental indicators: their utility in meeting the OSPAR Convention's regulatory needs
Authors: Johnson David 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Johnson, D. 2008. Environmental indicators: their utility in meeting the OSPAR Convention's regulatory needs. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1387–1391. The role of marine environmental indicators is clear; selecting indicators to inform management and for the development of accepted frameworks is proving more elusive. The OSPAR Commission, charged with the environmental protection of the Northeast Atlantic, has been applying an ecosystem approach since 1998, applying on a trial basis a system of ecological quality objectives as indicators of ecosystem health for the North Sea. This paper presents a framework for biodiversity monitoring and assessment, and discusses specific issues associated with marine-litter indicators, representing a cell within the matrix of the framework. In the immediate future, European marine legislation will drive the development of environmental indicators in the area, and further harmonization of indicator sets should enhance their utility.
Monitoring Mortality of Pythium Zoospores in Chlorinated Water Using Oxidation Reduction Potential
Authors: Lang Jillian M. , Rebits Brittany , Newman Steven E. , Tisserat Ned 
Published: September 2008

Pythium species are frequently recovered from recycled irrigation water in greenhouse production systems and may cause damping off and root rot if the water is not disinfested properly. Chlorination is often employed as a disinfesting agent, but can be difficult to monitor accurately because its activity is pH-dependent. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is a reliable, real-time measurement of the oxidizing potential of a chlorine solution. We exposed zoospores of Pythium aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum municipal water where the ORP was increased by adding 0.125, 0.5, and 2 mg/liter chlorine (pH 7.6 to 8.1) or to the same water source where the pH was lowered to 6.0 prior to the addition of chlorine, resulting in a final pH of 6 to 7.3. Some zoospores of P. aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum survived treatment to the highest chlorine concentration for 4 min in water where pH was not lowered. When the water pH was lowered to 6.0 prior to chlorine addition, 100% of the P. aphanidermatum zoospores were killed after 0.5 min exposure to 0.5 mg/liter chlorine, where ORP ranged from 748 to 790 mV and pH 6.3. Lowering the initial water pH improved disinfestation of P. dissotocum zoospores at the highest chlorine concentration tested and a mean ORP of 790 mV. Accepted for publication 7 July 2008. Published 22 September 2008.
Molecular Characterization of Organelle-Type Nudix Hydrolases in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Yoshimura Kazuya , Miyake Hiroe , Ishikawa Kazuya , Ito Daisuke , Tanabe Noriaki , Shigeoka Shigeru 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Nudix (for nucleoside diphosphates linked to some moiety X) hydrolases act to hydrolyze ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, nucleotide sugars, coenzymes, or dinucleoside polyphosphates. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains 27 genes encoding Nudix hydrolase homologues (AtNUDX1 to -27) with a predicted distribution in the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Previously, cytosolic Nudix hydrolases (AtNUDX1 to -11 and -25) were characterized. Here, we conducted a characterization of organelle-type AtNUDX proteins (AtNUDX12 to -24, -26, and -27). AtNUDX14 showed pyrophosphohydrolase activity toward both ADP-ribose and ADP-glucose, although its K m value was approximately 100-fold lower for ADP-ribose (13.0 ± 0.7 μ m) than for ADP-glucose (1,235 ± 65 μ m). AtNUDX15 hydrolyzed not only reduced coenzyme A (118.7 ± 3.4 μ m) but also a wide range of its derivatives. AtNUDX19 showed pyrophosphohydrolase activity toward both NADH (335.3 ± 5.4 μ m) and NADPH (36.9 ± 3.5 μ m). AtNUDX23 had flavin adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase activity (9.1 ± 0.9 μ m). Both AtNUDX26 and AtNUDX27 hydrolyzed diadenosine polyphosphates (n = 4–5). A confocal microscopic analysis using a green fluorescent protein fusion protein showed that AtNUDX15 is distributed in mitochondria and AtNUDX14 -19, -23, -26, and -27 are distributed in chloroplasts. These AtNUDX mRNAs were detected ubiquitously in various Arabidopsis tissues. The T-DNA insertion mutants of AtNUDX13, -14, -15, -19, -20, -21, -25, -26, and -27 did not exhibit any phenotypical differences under normal growth conditions. These results suggest that Nudix hydrolases in Arabidopsis control a variety of metabolites and are pertinent to a wide range of physiological processes.
Crystal structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine hydrolase in ternary complex with substrate and inhibitors
Authors: Reddy Manchi C.M. , Kuppan Gokulan , Shetty Nishant D. , Owen Joshua L. , Ioerger Thomas R. , Sacchettini James C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractS‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays a central role in methylation‐based processes by maintaining the intracellular balance between S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S‐adenosylmethionine. We report the first prokaryotic crystal structure of SAHH, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in complex with adenosine (ADO) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Structures of complexes with three inhibitors are also reported: 3′‐keto aristeromycin (ARI), 2‐fluoroadenosine, and 3‐deazaadenosine. The ARI complex is the first reported structure of SAHH complexed with this inhibitor, and confirms the oxidation of the 3′ hydroxyl to a planar keto group, consistent with its prediction as a mechanism‐based inhibitor. We demonstrate the in vivo enzyme inhibition activity of the three inhibitors and also show that 2‐fluoradenosine has bactericidal activity. While most of the residues lining the ADO‐binding pocket are identical between Mtb and human SAHH, less is known about the binding mode of the homocysteine (HCY) appendage of the full substrate. We report the 2.0 Å resolution structure of the complex of SAHH cocrystallized with SAH. The most striking change in the structure is that binding of HCY forces a rotation of His363 around the backbone to flip out of contact with the 5′ hydroxyl of the ADO and opens access to a nearby channel that leads to the surface. This complex suggests that His363 acts as a switch that opens up to permit binding of substrate, then closes down after release of the cleaved HCY. Differences in the entrance to this access channel between human and Mtb SAHH are identified.
Effects of Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy on the development of fetal antigen‐specific immune responses
Authors: Boyle R. J. , Mah L‐J. , Chen A. , Kivivuori S. , Robins‐Browne R. M. , Tang M. L‐K. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryBackground
Several clinical trials suggest that probiotics may have a role in the prevention of eczema. The optimal timing and mechanisms underlying this intervention are not clear. In particular it is not known whether such treatment works during pregnancy or whether postnatal exposure is important.Objective
We investigated whether the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) influences fetal immune responses when administered to pregnant women, as a possible mechanism for its protective effects against the development of eczema.Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell from 11 adults treated with LGG, and cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from 73 women participating in a randomized controlled trial of LGG treatment were cultured with heat‐killed LGG, ovalbumin (OVA) or without stimulus. Cells were analysed by flow cytometry and real‐time PCR for markers of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype, T cell proliferation and regulation. Cytokine secretion was analysed in culture supernatants by multiplex cytokine assay.Results
LGG treatment of adults led to systemic immune responses suggestive of antigen‐specific tolerance including reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation to heat‐killed LGG (30% reduction; P=0.03). LGG treatment of pregnant women did not influence CD4+ T cell proliferation, forkhead box P3 expression, DC phenotype or cytokine secretion in CBMCs cultured with heat‐killed LGG or OVA.Conclusion
LGG treatment of pregnant women fails to influence fetal antigen‐specific immune responses. This suggests that modulation of fetal immune responses may not be a major mechanism by which probiotics such as LGG prevent eczema.
Intravenous zoledronate improves bone density in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF)
Authors: Chapman Ian , Greville Hugh , Ebeling Peter R. , King Susannah J. , Kotsimbos Tom , Nugent Patricia , Player Rosie , Topliss Duncan J. , Warner Janet , Wilson John W. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryObjective  Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased rates of atraumatic fracture are observed in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, causing increasing morbidity as this population ages. The study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability and effect on BMD of intravenous zoledronate in adults with CF and osteopaenia.Design  Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.Setting  Adult CF outpatient clinics at two hospitals.Patients  Twenty‐two non‐transplanted CF patients aged ≥ 18 years with a bone densitometry T‐score of < –1·5 at one of three sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, distal forearm) were studied. Participants were randomized to receive either 2 mg zoledronate IV (n = 10) or normal saline (placebo, n = 12) every 3 months for 2 years (8 infusions). All participants received calcium and vitamin D supplements twice daily.Measurements  Percentage change in areal BMD from baseline.Results  Lumbar spine BMD increased from baseline more with zoledronate than placebo at 6 months (5·35 ± 0·76 vs. 1·19 ± 1·20%, P = 0·012), 12 months (6·6 ± 1·5 vs. 0·35 ± 1·55%, P = 0·011) and 24 months (6·14 ± 1·86 vs. 0·44 ± 0·10, P = 0·021). Femoral neck BMD increased more after zoledronate than placebo at 6 months (3·2 ± 1·6 vs.–1·43 ± 0·43%, P = 0·019), 12 months (4·12 ± 1·8 vs.–1·59 ± 1·4%, P = 0·024) and 24 months (4·23 ± 1·3 vs.–2·5 ± 1·41%, P = 0·0028). Forearm BMD did not change. Zoledronate was associated with flu‐like and musculoskeletal side effects, particularly after the first infusion. There were no fractures in either group.Conclusion  Intravenous zoledronate was significantly more effective than placebo for increasing BMD in adults with CF and osteopaenia, but side effects limited its tolerability.
Cross‐sectional analysis of testosterone therapies in hypopituitary men on stable pituitary hormone replacement
Authors: Siyambalapitiya S. , Jonsson P. , Koltowska‐Haggstrom M. , Gaillard R. , Ho K. , Ross R. J. M. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryObjective  The last decade has seen a proliferation in options for testosterone replacement. However, little is known as to the benefits of different treatment modalities. Our objective was to determine the testosterone prescription pattern and to examine the impact on various outcome measures.Subjects and methods  A total of 816 adult‐onset hypopituitary males on stable pituitary replacement for at least 1 year were identified from the KIMS database. Patients were classified as either eugonadal (n = 106), or hypogonadal (n = 710) on intramuscular (IM, n = 558), oral (n = 74), transdermal (n = 61), and depot (n = 17) testosterone.Results  After 1 year of stable pituitary replacement therapy, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, GH replacement and quality of life were not significantly different in androgen‐replaced hypogonadal patients compared to eugonadal patients. There were no differences in outcome variables within the hypogonadal group according to the testosterone replacement regimen used and no difference in response to GH therapy.Conclusions  The majority of hypopituitary patients in the last decade have received IM testosterone. Body composition, cardiovascular parameters, GH replacement and quality of life were not different between eugonadal and hypogonadal patients and were not differentially affected by the mode of testosterone replacement. These findings are reassuring that there is no major difference in response to different testosterone replacement regimens.
Selective COX2 inhibition improves whole body and muscular insulin resistance in fructose‐fed rats
Authors: Hsieh P.‐S. , Tsai H.‐C. , Kuo C.‐H. , Chan J. Y.‐H. , Shyu J.‐F. , Cheng W.‐T. , Liu T.‐T. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTBackground  The effects of cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX1) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) inhibition on insulin resistance in subjects with the metabolic syndrome remain elusive. Aims of this study were to examine the effects of COX1 and COX2 inhibitors on whole body and muscular insulin resistance in fructose‐fed rats, an animal model of the metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods  The rats on regular or 60% fructose‐enriched diets for 6 weeks were further divided into rats combined with or without piroxicam (a selective COX1 inhibitor) or celecoxib (a selective COX2 inhibitor) treatment for an additional 2 weeks. Euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) with a tracer dilution method was performed at the end of the study.Results  The present result showed that fructose‐induced increases in systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma insulin levels were significantly suppressed in rats treated with celecoxib but not piroxicam. In the EHC period, celecoxib significantly reversed fructose‐induced decreases in whole body glucose uptake, mainly by glucose storage. Hepatic glucose production and whole body glycolysis were not significantly changed among groups. Celecoxib but not piroxicam significantly reversed fructose‐induced decreases in glycogen synthase activities in red and white quadriceps muscles and insulin‐stimulated membrane GLUT4 recruitment in soleus muscles. Celecoxib and piroxicam both significantly diminished fructose‐induced increases in plasma thromboxane B2 and 6‐keto prostaglandin (PG) F1α; but only celecoxib treatment significantly attenuated a fructose‐induced increase in 8‐isoprostane levels. Plasma PGE metabolites were not different among groups.Conclusions  This study demonstrates that a therapeutic dose of celecoxib, but not piroxicam, could significantly attenuate fructose‐induced whole body and muscular insulin resistance in rats.
Remote estimation of carbon dioxide uptake by a Mediterranean forest
Authors: GARBULSKY MARTÍN F. , PEÑUELAS JOSEP , PAPALE DARIO , FILELLA IOLANDA 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe estimation of the carbon balance in ecosystems, regions, and the biosphere is currently one of the main concerns in the study of the ecology of global change. Current remote sensing methodologies for estimating gross primary productivity are not satisfactory because they rely too heavily on (i) the availability of climatic data, (ii) the definition of land‐use cover, and (iii) the assumptions of the effects of these two factors on the radiation‐use efficiency of vegetation (RUE). A new methodology is urgently needed that will actually assess RUE and overcome the problems associated with the capture of fluctuations in carbon absorption in space and over time. Remote sensing techniques such as the widely used reflectance vegetation indices (e.g. NDVI, EVI) allow green plant biomass and therefore plant photosynthetic capacity to be assessed. However, there are vegetation types, such as the Mediterranean forests, with a very low seasonality of these vegetation indices and a high seasonality of carbon uptake. In these cases it is important to detect how much of this capacity is actually realized, which is a much more challenging goal. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) derived from freely available satellite information (MODIS sensor) presented for a 5‐year analysis for a Mediterranean forest a positive relationship with the RUE. Thus, we show that it is possible to estimate RUE and GPP in real time and therefore actual carbon uptake of Mediterranean forests at ecosystem level using the PRI. This conceptual and technological advancement would avoid the need to rely on the sometimes unreliable maximum RUE.