bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fichtenbalsam (Picea abies) zur Wundheilung: Eine
Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Göls-Manninger Thomas , Glasl-Tazreiter Sabine 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Exsudate der Koniferen Picea abies, Larix decidua und Pinus
nigra sind bekannte traditionelle pflanzliche Arzneimittel, die zur
Heilung von Wunden verwendet werden. Klinische Studien mit Fichtenbalsam
bestätigten in der Vergangenheit dessen empirische Verwendung. Die
aktiven Bestandteile, ihre Wirkungsweise und die genaue Zusammensetzung dieses
Naturprodukts waren bis dato jedoch unbekannt. Der Balsam der Fichte wurde einer
fraktionierten Extraktion und weiteren Reinigungsschritten unterzogen. Die
Substanzen wurden isoliert, identifiziert und auf ihre Fähigkeit
getestet, die Reepithelisierung in einem in vitro
HaCaT-Keratinozyten-basierten Scratch-Assay zu verbessern. Lignane und
Diterpenharzsäuren, Hauptbestandteile des Fichtenbalsams, konnten die
Migration bzw. Proliferation der Zellen steigern. Parallel dazu kamen Balsame,
Harze und Fraktionen von drei Koniferen im Scratch-Assay zur Testung. Balsame
und Harze von Picea abies und Pinus nigra zeigten in vitro
eine Konzentrationsabhängigkeit, für Larix decidua wurde
eine signifikante Aktivität gemessen. Diterpenharzsäuren sind
die Hauptbestandteile von Fichtenbalsam und eignen sich als Markerverbindungen
für die Qualitätskontrolle. Erstmals wurde eine auf
überkritischer Flüssigkeit basierende analytische Methode
entwickelt für die Trennung und Quantifizierung von
Diterpenharzsäuren.Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse untermauern die traditionelle Anwendung von
Nadelbaumexsudaten, insbesondere von Fichtenbalsam, und präsentieren
eine analytische Methode basierend auf einer nachhaltigen Technologie
für die Qualitätskontrolle.
Value of contrast-enhanced sonography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Conen Patrick , Thiemann Janine , Stredele Regina , Clevert Dirk Andre 
Published: February 2024

Background Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the urinary tract and bladder (ceVUS) is an alternative examination method to micturition cysturethrography (MCU/VCUG) for suspected vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) that is increasing in practice. The purpose of this review is to present the current value of ceVUS in the diagnosis.
Method A systematic literature search was performed using the keywords “vesicoureteral reflux”, “ceVUS”, “VCUG” of the databases MEDLINE and Cochrane Library as well as a review of current German, European, and American guidelines on this topic. In addition, recommendations for action in clinical practice were developed.
Conclusion ceVUS is a quick-to-learn examination method that is equivalent to VCUG for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux and should be used as the diagnostic method of first choice when available given the absence of radiation exposure.
Key Points
Citation Format
Therapie der Sarkoidose. Ein Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP)
Authors: Skowasch Dirk , Bonella Francesco , Buschulte Katharina , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Korsten Peter , Kreuter Michael , Müller-Quernheim Joachim , Pfeifer Michael , Prasse Antje , Quadder Bernd , Sander Oliver , Schupp Jonas C. , Sitter Helmut , Stachetzki Bernd , Grohé Christian 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Positionspapier (AWMF) zur Therapie der Sarkoidose der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) wurde 2023 als deutschsprachige Ergänzung und Aktualisierung der internationalen Leitlinien der European Respiratory Society (ERS) aus dem Jahre 2021 verfasst. Sie enthält 5 im Konsensusverfahren abgestimmte Empfehlungen in Form von PICO-Fragen (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes), die im Hintergrundtext der 4 Kapitel erläutert werden: Diagnosesicherung und Monitoring der Erkrankung unter Therapie, allgemeine Therapieempfehlungen, Therapie der Hautsarkoidose, Therapie der kardialen Sarkoidose.
Understanding the dilemma of explainable artificial intelligence: a proposal for a ritual dialog framework
Authors: Bao Aorigele , Zeng Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses how people understand Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in three ways: contrastive, functional, and transparent. We discuss the unique aspects and challenges of each and emphasize improving current XAI understanding frameworks. The Ritual Dialog Framework (RDF) is introduced as a solution for better dialog between AI creators and users, blending anthropological insights with current acceptance challenges. RDF focuses on building trust and a user-centered approach in XAI. By undertaking such an initiative, we aim to foster a thorough Understanding of XAI, capable of resolving the current issues of acceptance and recognition.
English language hegemony: retrospect and prospect
Authors: Zeng Jie , Yang Jianbu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the ascent of English as a global lingua franca within the context of linguistic hegemony, following Phillipson’s 1992 framework. It scrutinizes English’s role in the rapidly globalizing world, emphasizing its dominance across economic, governance, and scientific sectors and its impact on non-native English-speaking countries. Utilizing a sociolinguistic approach, combined with historical and interdisciplinary analysis, the study evaluates the influence of English hegemony in cultural, educational, and technological domains, with a focus on post-colonial and expanding circle nations. Additionally, the paper provides critical insights for developing language policies in these areas, considering the intricate role of English in the global linguistic landscape. It concludes by considering the prospects of English language hegemony.
Comparison of excitation temperature of a laser-produced plasma by combining emission and absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Polek M. P. , Phillips M. C. , Beg F. N. , Harilal S. S. 
Published: February 2024

Measurement of the temporal evolution of laser-produced plasma temperature is very important for many of its applications, and several plasma diagnostic tools are routinely used by researchers. However, it is very challenging to measure the properties of the plasma at the early and late times of its evolution using a single diagnostic tool. In this study, we combined emission and laser absorption spectroscopy to compare the excitation temperatures of a laser-produced uranium plasma system. Several U I transitions in the near-infrared spectral range (775–800 nm) were considered, and the Boltzmann plot method was used to measure the excitation temperatures using both emission and absorption spectroscopy. Emission spectroscopy provided early-time temperature measurements of the plasma up to times 2–20 µs, while absorption spectroscopy provided temperature measurements at late times of plasma evolution (for times 5–80 µs). The emission and absorbance of U I transitions were found to follow the Boltzmann distribution, indicating the plasma is likely in the state of local thermodynamic equilibrium even at late times of its lifetime. The emission and absorption-based time-resolved excitation temperatures demonstrated good agreement at earlier times (≤15 µs) in the overlapped temporal region, while a deviation in the measured values was seen at times (≥15 µs), and potential reasons for such a disagreement are discussed.
Atterberg limits of baseball infield soils containing over-size particles, Part II: effects of sand angularity and uniformity
Authors: Mascitti Evan Christopher , McNitt Andrew Scott , Drohan Patrick J. 
Published: February 2024

Context Atterberg limit tests may be useful for evaluating baseball infield soils because these tests directly link soil behaviour to water content. Prior research has demonstrated that the liquid and plastic limits (LL and PL) of sand-clay mixtures are affected by sand properties. However, these studies have used sand exclusively <425 μm and little attention has been devoted to sand angularity or sand-size uniformity. Aims This research tested the effects of sand angularity and sand-size uniformity on the Atterberg limits of infield mixes containing 0–80% sand with much of the sand 425–2000 μm. Methods Experiment 1 compared the effect of mixing angular or round sand of equivalent size with a kaolinitic clay. Experiment 2 compared the effect of mixing one of two sands having a similar average particle size but varying uniformity with an illitic clay. Key results For mixes having equivalent sand content and sand size, the shape of the sand particles did not affect LL (P = 0.47) or PL (P = 0.80). Mixtures with non-uniform sand yielded higher LL than those with uniform sand (mean difference ~0.6% water content g g−1). The mixtures with non-uniform sand also remained plastic at higher sand content (~72.5%) than mixtures with uniform sand (~67.5%). Calculated threshold sand contents for the two sets of mixtures agreed closely with the experiments. Conclusions Sand angularity was shown to be unimportant in this context. When average particle size was held constant, sand uniformity affected the LL water content and the sand content corresponding to a transition between plastic and non-plastic behaviour. Implications This research suggests that baseball field managers need not consider the angularity of sand in an infield mix but should be aware of the uniformity of the sand used to produce the mix as this may influence the mixture’s plasticity.
Unveiling ideological shifts in news trans‑editing
Authors: Ping Yuan , Wang Kefei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article expands on previous research on news trans-editing by examining the relationship between ideology and
language. Using a conceptual framework that combines critical discourse analysis with narrative analysis, the study analyses a
corpus of trans-edited news articles on the 2014 Hong Kong protests. These articles were collected from Reference
News, along with their source texts from various English-language international media. Narrative analysis was
conducted using NVivo computer-assisted tools, including cluster analysis, word frequency and matrix coding. The findings reveal
significant shifts in the narratives between the original and trans-edited versions, indicating that the trans-editors
recontextualised the news narratives by determining the narrators, retroversions and frequency of the narrative texts. These
results suggest that news trans-editing is not a neutral process, but is rather influenced by the ideological stance of the news
outlet.
Merger estimates for a disformal Kerr black hole in quadratic degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories*
Authors: Jiang 蒋 Hongxin 洪鑫 , Du 杜 Xinyi 欣怡 , Pan 潘 Qiyuan 启沅 , Chen 陈 Songbai 松柏 , Jing 荆 Jiliang 继良 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate the main features of a disformal Kerr black hole merger in quadratic degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories. In the ringdown stage of the black hole merger, for the prograde orbit, the real part of the quasinormal modes decreases with an increase in the disformal parameter, and the imaginary part also decreases, except in the Kerr case for a large spin parameter. However, for the retrograde orbit, the real part increases with an increase in the disformal parameter, and the imaginary part always decreases with it. For the approximate final spin, regardless of an equal spin, unequal spin, or generic spin configuration merger, the final black hole spin always increases with an increase in the disformal parameter. Our results show that the disformal parameter in the disformal Kerr solution and the MOG parameter in the Kerr-MOG case have obviously different effects on the black hole merger, which suggests the differences between these two spacetime structures.
Evaluation of Return Period and Occurrence Probability of the Maximum Magnitude Earthquakes in Iraq and Surroundings
Authors: Al-Heety Emad A. , Rafea Huda F. , Mohammad Osama J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It has long been clear that earthquake prediction is important from both social and economic perspectives; therefore, the practical objective of today’s earthquake seismology researchers is an effective earthquake prediction program. The purpose of this study is to estimate earthquake probabilities and return periods using an updated earthquake catalogue (1900-2019) for Iraq and its surroundings. Weibull’s formula and inverse Weibull’s formula were employed to calculate the period of return and the occurrence probability of the maximum magnitude earthquake. The return period for earthquakes magnitudes 5 and 7Mw was 1.1 and 10.54 years, respectively, while the occurrence probability was 93.79% and 9.5%, respectively. The greatest magnitude is 7.7, with a 121-year return period and likelihood of approximately 0.82%. The probability of exceedance increased as the time period increased. The return duration was greater for earthquakes of higher magnitudes.
Geodiversity in the Iraqi Western Desert. A Critical Discussion
Authors: Sissakian V K , Faiyadh A S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Iraqi Western Desert (IWD) is characterized by enormous geodiversity types in different geological aspects; including geomorphology, lithology, structural geology, mineral deposits, karst forms, and geological hazards. Within each of the mentioned aspects, different forms of different shapes, sizes, and origins can be seen in different parts of the IWD, which we divided into 4 parts, among them 11 main types and 25 sub-types. We have studied geological maps of different scales (1:100000 and 1:250000), interpreted satellite images, and reviewed tens of published articles, books, and scientific reports, besides field visits which lasted for tens of years to conduct the current research. Tens of examples are presented, which confirm geological Geodiversity in the IWD including many field photos and satellite images, as best available. We also presented a satellite image of the IWD and marked 54 locations of different types of geodiversity including ex-situ and in-situ. Locally, detailed explanations are given for some significant forms and/ or features to present their types, origins, and modes of development.
Utilizing soil quality index to assess soil susceptibility to desertification in the eastern Tigris area (al-Fatha-Udaim) /Iraq.
Authors: Zaidan Muthana , al-hadithi Mufid , Amer Waddah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine how vulnerable the land was to desertification along the eastern Tigris River by analyzing eight parameters directly connected to soil health. the study area is a part of the Salah Addin governorate and spans 5592.43 km2. The morphology of the study region was assessed using a soil quality index and maps generated using the ArcGIS v.10.5 software as well as Landsat image OLI from USGS combined with laboratory results and the MEDALUS model for evaluating soil quality indicators. The research concluded two distinct types of locations within the study region. About 43.78 %, with area equal to 2448.64 km2, falls under the first group, which is not particularly vulnerable to desertification. While the second group accounts for 56.22 % of the study area and encompasses 3143.79 km2, they are only somewhat vulnerable to desertification.
Integrated Geophysical Approaches for Assessing Lost Circulation While Drilling in the Shiranish Formation, Saddle Area of the Rumaila Oilfield, Southern Iraq
Authors: Hannina Sany E. , Al-Ali Muslim Mohsin , Al-Muhamed Rafed A. , Jaffar Haider M. , Abdulkareem Safaa M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Loss of circulation while oil well drilling is a major problem and is regarded as the most challenging difficulty during drilling and well construction. A significant circulation loss can result in drilling risks such as sticking, blowout and well collapse. This research focused on Shiranish Formation downhole mud losses while drilling and stuck pipe in the saddle area of the Rumaila super giant oilfield, in southern Iraq. Over 1100 wells were drilled in the Rumaila oilfield and only a few wells within the saddle area experienced downhole formation losses/problems and stuck pipes. Seismic data, petrophysical data and drilling reports were used to investigate Shiranish Formation loss and stuck pipe issues. The seismic interpretation revealed small-scale faults and fractures within the examined area, most likely influenced by the strike-slip deep-seated Al-Hammar fault.
Correlation within three wells was performed to understand the effect of these faults within the Shiranish Formation, which demonstrated that the Shiranish Formation top is roughly 40 m different from the neighboring wells within 1.5 km and other formation tops are not affected within these faults. Identifying the location of faults and fractures will aid in avoiding drilling in these particular areas and choosing locations where there are no faults, or at the very least in mitigating and assisting the risk of drilling in such areas, such as controlling the rate of Penetration (ROP) while drilling and preparing extra mud and lost circulation materials (LCM).
Flood Risk Vulnerability Detection based on the Developing Topographic Wetness Index Tool in Geographic Information System
Authors: Thannoun Rayan Gh. , Ismaeel Omar Abdullah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Finding vulnerability to flooding locations is a crucial part of sensible urban development and effective natural disaster management. Globally, there has been a noticeable rise in the frequency of floods in recent years, which affects human habitation and several economic sectors. This calls for the employment of various prevention measures, wherein the assessment of vulnerability to flooding is crucial. The main objective of the present study is to introduce the best procedure for the identification of flood risk vulnerability detection using geographical information systems techniques and decision-making, based on a comparative evaluation of various scenarios. In this context, The current study will develop a Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) tool for the detection of these risks which can deal with the stream orders, calculate the length of the valley, and then show the outputs by thematic maps. The procedure with the developed adaptive tool has been applied to identify Flood Risk Vulnerability in Erbil city and some surrounding areas. The results of this paper indicated the existence of different levels of the TWI, which were classified into five classes. The procedure of this study has an advantage over other traditional methods since it takes into account mainly statistics data that are linked to the TWI which can be easily customized in detecting risk Vulnerability.
Determining of an oceanic anoxic event and paleoenvironmental conditions of the Gulneri Formation Kirkuk Oilfield, Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Haj Mohammed A. , Al-Taee Noor T. , Sulaiman Mohammed Ali M. , Omar Nagham , Al-Juboury Ali I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Stable isotopic geochemistry in relation to major and trace elements geochemistry of core samples from the Gulneri Formation at Kirkuk Oilfield Northern Iraq has been conducted to determine the occurrence of the oceanic anoxic event (OAE2) and reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions during this event. Positive values of the stable carbon isotopic data have revealed that temperature is high during deposition accompanied with higher organic productivity and a high rate of organic carbon burial with a decrease in dissolved oxygen in marine environments, whereas, negative oxygen isotopic values indicate deposition in hot, dry, semi-arid environments with salty marine waters and high organic productivity. These results were also supported by geochemical evidence of paleoclimate through C-value and ratios of Sr/Cu, Rb/Sr, and Ga/Rb, paleosalinity using proxies from Ca/Ca+Fe and Sr/Ba ratios, and paleoproductivity using P/Ti, P/Al and barium ratios. The paleoredox proxies from V/(V+Ni), V/Ni, and U/Th ratios and Uδ indicate dominant anoxic conditions. The recorded oceanic anoxic event (OAE2) has been determined through significant excursion in carbon and oxygen isotopic values as well as geochemical proxies within the sequences of the upper part of the formation marking the final stage of the OAE event.
Pollution Level and Sources of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust from College of Science, University of Anbar Campus, Iraq
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmad S. , Aljumialy Abdulsalam M. , Saod Wahran M. , Al-Heety Emad Abdulrahman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the level of heavy metal pollution [Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn)] in indoor dust samples taken from the College of Science at the University of Anbar in Iraq and their likely sources. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the dust samples that were taken from 39 locations (classrooms, offices, and laboratories). Zn > Pb > Cr > Co > Cu > Cd was the order in which the heavy metal concentrations were found. The findings showed that all metal concentrations at various times exceeded background values. Using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination (CF), the pollution level was calculated. The values of Igeo and CF indicate that the indoor dust in the College of Science is heavily polluted with Pb and Cd and is unpolluted to moderate polluted with the other metals. Pb, Cd, and Zn may be released from anthropogenic sources, while Co, Cr, and Cu may come from a combination of sources, according to the coefficient of variation (CV) comparison of the heavy metal concentrations with background values, Pearson’s correlation, cluster analysis (CA), and principle component analysis (PCA).
New Procedure to Reservoir Depth and Islands Mapping for Badush Dam Reservoir Using DEM, Mosul, Northern Iraq
Authors: Badowi Maha Shaher , Saleh Sabbar Abdullah , Abood Mohammad Rashid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To determine the depths in water bodies as in the rivers, lakes, and dams reservoirs, it is necessary to use a bathometric survey, which sometimes requires cost and fieldwork, but in this study, the gradient in the depth of the Badush Dam Lake was estimated before the filling and real operation of the reservoir and found using a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 10*10 meters, where the obtained data was processed, the depth maps will be a data base for future depth monitoring, from the digital elevation (DEM) model using several programs (Global Mapper 18 & Global Mapper Pro.V.24) (Excel software), and after processing, depth maps are drawn using the (Surfer.16) software, it was noticed the increase in depth with increasing level, as the values represent the negative depths of the dam reservoir, where the minimum depth at the level of 228 m(a.s.l) ranges between (0 to -2.1 m), while at the maximum operational level at a level of 250 m(a.s.l), the depth ranges between (0 to -26 m), while at the maximum flood level of 312 m(a.s.l), the depth ranges between (0 to -90 m). As for the positive values, they represent the positive areas that fluctuate with the increase in the level due to the expansion of the reservoir area, the submergence of islands, and the emergence of new islands inside the body of the reservoir, where the lowest height was reach (0.7 m) at a level of 228 m(a.s.l), and the highest height was (35 m) at a level of 270 m(a.s.l).