bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of zinc deficiency on wound healing
Authors: Rahmat A , Norman J N , Smith G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The place of the trace element zinc in wound healing has been the subject of much recent discussion. Since it is theoretically possible that seriously ill surgical patients may become zinc deficient it seems of importance to establish the relationship between zinc and wound healing. In the experiments described here zinc deficiency has been created in rats and two parameters of wound healing, namely the rate of epithelialization of excised wounds and the development of tensile strength in incised wounds, have been measured and compared with similar measurements in control animals. It has been shown that there was a significant delay in the healing of excised wounds in zinc-deficient animals, and the development of tensile strength in incised wounds was also significantly less when measured at the same time as the wounds of control animals. Histologically there was no difference in the wounds of zinc-deficient or control animals.
Protection of the facial nerve in radical neck dissection
Authors: Ramsden R T , Maran A G D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Measurements made on cadavers showed that the facial nerve is usually less than a centimetre from the classic line of transection used in a radical neck dissection. The use of the transverse process of CI as a landmark is presented as a reliable method of avoiding a facial nerve paralysis in the operation.
Peroperative evaluation of the viability of ischaemic colon in primates
Authors: Moossa A R , Skinner D B , Zarins C K , Rhodes B A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An experimental model of ischaemic colitis was produced in 14 rhesus monkeys by complete vascular occlusion to the splenic flexure for periods varying from 4 to 8.5 hours. Clinical assessment of bowel viability following revascularization was inaccurate in 10 monkeys. Reactive hyperaemia was quantitatively measured using 99mtechnetium-tagged albumin micro-spheres and this correlated well with autopsy findings – a marked hyperaemic response suggested a transient form of ischaemic colitis; a diminished or absent hyperaemic response predicted the development of strictures or gangrene of the colon segment. A clinical trial is currently being organized to assess the viability of ischaemic bowel at laparotomy.
The solitary thyroid nodule
Authors: Sachdeva H S , Wig J D , Bose S M , Chowdhary G C , Dutta B N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seventy-three cases of solitary thyroid nodule have been analysed in detail, including their clinical presentation and operative and histological features. Females were more frequently affected than males in a ratio of 6:1. A considerable number of solitary nodules diagnosed clinically turned out to be multinodular at operation (164 per cent).The incidence of malignancy in the present series was 6·8 per cent while that of toxicity was 6 per cent.
Drill biopsy was found to be a useful diagnostic aid with a high accuracy rate. Thyroid lymphography has not been found to be of much help.
In view of the low incidence of malignancy a plea for excision of the solitary thyroid nodule is made.
Permanent cardiac pacing through the subclavian vein
Authors: Jachuck S J , Gill B S , Petty A H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique for the insertion of an intracardiac electrode through the subclavian vein and implanting the generator in the axilla for permanent endocardia1 pacing is described in 30 patients. Provided that adequate precautions are taken and the procedure is carried out by experienced personnel, complications are uncommon.
The generator is implanted after the pacing threshold has been found to be satisfactorily stable. Drainage is not used and routine antibiotics are not given to any patient unless secondary infection of the wound complicates the procedure. Advantages of this technique over the other conventional methods are described.
Management of villous tumours of the rectum
Authors: Butler M J , Southwood W F W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The villous tumours of the rectum seen during a 7-year period are reviewed. The majority of these have been treated by ligature and excision or by diathermy snare. Both these methods have been used for localized turmours and the papillomas have been destroyed with a low rate of recurrence. Fulguration has not been used as a primary method of treatment but has been kept for the treatment of small residual foci of tumour. Larger papillomas require more extensive surgery, and an example of trans-sphincteric excision is described.
The somatotopic representation of the micturition pathways in the cervical cord of man
Authors: Hitchcock E , Newsome D , Salama M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Bladder function has been studied in a group of patients submitted to open and percutaneous high cervical cordotomy. It is concluded that the vesicomotor pathway lies within 3 mm of the cord surface in the region of the dentate ligament. Vesicosensory pathways probably lie in the posterior columns. The investigation supports the thesis that visceral frtnctions such as respiration and micturition are associated with appropriate somatic innervation.
The effect of trauma on colonic healing
Authors: Irvin Thomas T , Hunt Thomas K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that bloody or traumatic colonic operations are associated with a high incidence of anastomotic dehiscence, and it has been suggested that trauma has important systemic effects on colonic healing. However, intra-abdominal trauma may have important local effects on colon healing, and the pathogenesis of anastomotic disruption in traumatized subjects remains uncertain.
The effects of local and remote trauma were studied in colonic anastomoses in rats. Local trauma consisted of a retroperitoneal dissection and biopsy of the psoas muscle, and some animals were given peritoneal drains. Remote trauma consisted of a comminuted fracture of the femur.
Remote trauma had no effect on the tensile strength and collagen content of colonic anastomoses, but local trauma in the vicinity of anastomoses resulted in loss of colonic tensile strength and a significant incidence of anastomotic disruption. The incidence of anastomotic disruption was not significantly affected by peritoneal drains.
Anastomotic dehiscence in traumatized animals was accompanied by a significant reduction in the collagen content and collagen concentration of anastomoses. It is concluded that sepsis is the most probable cause of the failure of anastomotic healing in traumatized animals.
Carcinoma of the male breast
Authors: Hudson M J K , Smart C J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sixteen new patients with carcinoma of the male breast presented to St Bartholomew's Hospital in the 20-year period from 1952 to 1971. Twelve (75 per cent) had Stage III or Stage IV disease. Seven of those in Stage III were thus classified by reason of the advanced (T3) local lesions and were treated by radical mastectomy. Results of treatment are recorded. The most significant prognostic factor is probably lymph node involvement. Orchidectomy is recommended in the management of disseminated disease and hormone assay studies may help to determine whether subsequent adrenalectomy will be benefit. Two stiking remissions following orchidectomy are presented.
Gastropericardial fistula-a complication of hiatus hernia
Authors: Monro J L , Nicholls R J , Hately W , Murray R S , Flavell G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of a pneumopericardium in a 69-year-old woman caused by the rupture into the pericardium of a gastric ulcer situated in a hiatus hernia. Gastrografin studies were used to confirm the diagnosis and her initial conservative management was successful. However, she died at the operation to close her fistula, probably largely as a result of multiple unsuspected pulmonary emboli compounding her acid pericarditis.
Combined transpleural exploration and extraserous drainage of subphrenic abscess
Authors: Halliday P , Grant A F , Nicks G R , Leckle B D , Loewenthal J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Combined transpleural exploration and extraserous drainage of subphrenic abscesses offer the advantages of transpleural exploration for location of a subphrenic abscess with the safety of extraserous drainage. In addition, thoracic complications can be treated simultaneously. The method was employed with success in 18 of 20 patients, in 12 of whom serious thoracic complications were present.
A rational basis for management of patients with the Buerger syndrome
Authors: Hill G L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical course of 97 patients with the Buerger syndrome has been studied. Risk factors and prognostic factors which have a bearing on the development and course of the syndrome have been determined.
From these data a management programme for patients with the Buerger syndrome has been developed. The clinical course is characterized by acute attacks and long remissions. Thus the management programme is primarily aimed at preventing attacks and, when they occur, in limiting their extent.
The known risk factors and prognostic factors demonstrate the overwhelming importance of smoking in both the development and prognosis of the syndrome.
Phlebography in the management of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Corrigan T P , Fossard D P , Spindler J , Armstrong P , Strachan C J L , Johnston K W , Kakkar V V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The value of phlebography in the management of 102 patients presenting with clinical features suggestive of pulmonary embolism was assessed. Ascending phlebograms, chest x-rays and pulmonary perfusion scans were performed in all the cases. Of 33 patients with a high probability of pulmonary embolism, 29 (87 per cent) had thrombi in the peripheral veins shown by phlebography. Of 45 patients with no evidence of pulmonary emboli on lung scan, the deep veins were normal in 30, while in the remaining 15 (33 per cent), phlebograms showed the presence of thrombi. In all 7 patients where pulmonary angiography confirmed the presence of extensive emboli, phlebograms showed thrombi in the peripheral veins. Phlebography was of considerable help in deciding whether to give anticoagulant therapy.
The role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of postvagotomy diarrhoea
Authors: Allan J G , Gerskowitch V P , Russell R I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The fecal excretion of bile acids was estimated in patients with postvagotomy diarrhoea, normal control subjects and a control group who had undergone truncal vagotomy and drainage but who did not have diarrhoea. The total daily bile acid excretion in the feces was significantly increased in the postvagotomy diarrhoea group: 2538 ± 632 mg (s.e.m.) compared with 799 ± 117 mg in the normal controls. There was no significant difference between the total daily bile acid excretion in the patients with postvagotomy diarrhoea and that of patients who had undergone vagotomy and drainage but who did not have diarrhoea. A significant increase in the fecal excretion of chenodeoxycholic acid was found in the postvagotomy diarrhoea group compared with the two control groups. This increase may be a factor in the pathogenesis of postvagotomy diarrhoea.
The distribution of gastritis in carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: du Plessis D J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-one stomachs resected for carcinoma were studied histologically using the ‘Swiss-roll’ technique. Chronic gastritis with epithelial hyperplasia was present in all.
There were two types of distribution of the gastritis. In 17 instances it extended continuously from the pylorus proximally up to or beyond the carcinoma. This type of gastritis could be due to reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach. In 4 stomachs the gastritis occurred only in the vicinity of the tumour but did not extend from the pylorus and could therefore not be the result of duodenal reflux.
It is postulated that there may be two kinds of carcinoma. One type is associated with the epithelial hyperplasia of chronic gastritis, possibly resulting from duodenal reflux into the stomach, The other is also associated with chronic gastritis but the distribution does not suggest duodenal reflux.
Kidney preservation by hypothermic perfusion with albumin versus plasma and with pulsatile versus non-pulsatile flow
Authors: Abouna George M , Pashley David H , Ginsbury Jack M , Delong T Greggory , Sobel Robert E , Jeske Arthur H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four groups of canine kidneys were preserved by hypothermic perfusion for 24 hours in an attempt to compare the relative merits of using cryoprecipitated plasma or albumin as perfusates and of using pulsatile or non-pulsatile flow. All the kidneys were subsequently autotransplanted At 0, 3 and 24 hours during preservation the following parameters were measured: perfusate and urine flow, renal vascular resistance, perfusate serum glutamic oxaloacetic transamianase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, ammonia, free fatty acids, clearances of creatinine, 131I hippuran, Na+ and K+. After reimplantation similar renal clearance studies were carried out. After transplantation overall kidney viability was assessed by recipient survival and by serum creatinine levels. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and compared between the groups. It was found that perfusion with albumin solution gave a significantly higher perfusate flow rate (P&lt;0·02) and lower vascular resistance (P&lt; 0·001) than perfusion with plasma. With albumin as the perfusate there was no significant difference in perfusion characteristics or in the post-implantation renal clearances regardless of whether pulsatile or non-pulsatile flow was used. With plasma as the perfusate there was significantly higher perfusate flow (P&lt;0·01), lower vascular resistance and higher post-implantation creatinine and hippuran clearances (P&lt;0·02, P&lt;0·001) with pulsatile than with non-pulsatile flow. In 24-hour renal preservation overall recipient survival and graft function after transplantation were similar regardless of the nature of the perfusate or the type of perfusion.
Intraspinal hibernoma
Authors: Shuangshott Samruay , Menakanit Wit 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of a spinal subdural hibernoma arising in the lumbar region of a boy aged 14 years who also had a lumbar spina bifida. The circumscribed and encapsulated tumour was attached to the leptomeninges, extended into the dud sac and compressed upon the cauda equina. Severe pain in the calves was relieved after extirpation of the mass. The pathogenesis of the tumour is suggested to be associated with aberrant differentiation of the mesenchyme or its derivatives towards adibose tissue.
Organization of valve pocket thrombi and the anomalies of double thrombi and valve cusp involvement
Authors: Sevitt Simon 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Organization and resolution were studied histologically in 48 valve pocket thrombi from femoral veins. The great majority were essentially single structures and the overlying cusps were normal and uninvolved, Thrombus adherence to the distal part of the vein wall in the pocket is followed by cellular and vascular invasion and progressive organization. At the same time many thrombi continue to grow by proximal addition, whilst others regress fully to fibrous intimal plaques. Central fibrinolytic changes are frequent. Focal organic fragmentation following endothelial cell surfacing is not uncommon and is a potential cause of thrombus detachment.
Eight thrombi differed in that 5 were anchored to part of the cusp and 4 had a double structure resulting from two demarcated thrombotic events. One thrombus showed both features. In 3 thrombi with anchored cusps scarred intimal remnants of old thrombosis were present nearby. In 3 double structures recent thrombus had been laid down on organizing or organized thrombus, whilst the fourth was unique in that one part was composed solely of a large mass of platelets. The role of endothelium-induced fibrinolysis in preventing cusp adherence and of intact endothelium in preventing second thrombi are discussed.
Prostatectomy and deep vein thrombosis in Sudanese patients
Authors: Hassan M A , Rahman E A , Rahman I A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and four Sudanese patients who had undergone the operation of prostatectomy (transvesical or retropubic but not transurethral) in Khartoum Civil Hospital were investigated for evidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (D VT) by the use of the 125 1-fibrinogen test. Of these 104 patients, 10 had evidence of DVT, i.e. an incidence of 9.6 per cent. This differs sharply from the incidence (21-47 per cent) reported from Swedish and British hospitals, and further confirms our previous findings that the incidence of postoperative D VT in Sudanese patients is significantly lower than in European patients.
The fate of elderly amputees
Authors: Harris P L , Read Frances , Eardley Anne , Charlesworth D , Wakefield John , Sellwood R A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of amputation of the lower limb in 75 elderly atherosclerotic patients are presented. Less than 50 per cent of the patients survived for more than 6 months after operation. The average time spent in hospital after the operation was 57.6 days. When the present study was started only 26 (35 per cent) of the patients were still living. Seventeen of the survivors were using artificial limbs to some extent.
A plea is made for special rehabilitation units which could provide the progressive care that these patients need.
Circulatory and biochemical effects of whole body hyperthermia
Authors: Pettigrew R T , Galt Jean M , Ludgate C M , Horn D B , Smith A N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The physiological effects of whole body hyperthermia to 42 C° have been studied in 12 subjects. There was a sustained increase in the heart rate and an initial increase in the arterial and central venous pressures. Sweat and electrolyte losses were high. The serum bilirubin remained normal if the temperature did not exceed 41.8 C°. Above this temperature the serum enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase rose, as did the serum bilirubin. While the latter effect might be due to liver damage, it could also be related to thermal destruction of red cells. A leucocytosis develops during the hyperthermic state.
Gastric phycomycosis
Authors: Lawson H H , Schmaman A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seven fatal cases of invasive gastric phycomycosis are reported. Four surgical patients presented with perforated gastroduodenal ulcer. Three medical cases were diagnosed at autopsy.
Two surviving surgical cases are reported with non-invasive colonization of gastric ulcers, where operation was carried out for bleeding.
When gastric phycomycosis presents as an invasive fungal infection the prognosis is extremely poor. Alternatively, the fungus may colonize the gastric mucosa without deeper invasion of the blood vessels, when the prognosis is good. A definite distinction between invasion and colonization can only be made histologically. Invasion should, however, be suspected at operation by the hardness of the tissues, their black discoloration and a hyperaemic zone between normal and abnormal areas.
The fungus can invade the mucosa through a chronic gastric ulcer, when it usually occurs in relation to the lesser curvature. It is suggested that it may also gain access to the mucosa as a result of ulceration, occurring in the course of a debilitating disease. In this case the ulcer may occur anywhere within the stomach, and not infrequently multiple ulcers are present.
The treatment of choice if the patient is fit is resection of the affected part of the stomach, as the basic lesion is tissue necrosis.
Supportive treatment should include amphotericin B and antibiotics such as cephaloridine and gentamicin to control the associated bacterial infection which is often present.
Non-osseous eosinophilic granuloma presenting as acute transverse myelitis
Authors: Cardozo L J , Bailey I C , Billinghurst J R , Poltera A A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient with non-osseous eosinophilic granuloma presenting as acute transverse myelitis is documented. This is believed to be the first recorded case with such a presentation. Some aspects of the disease are discussed.
Stimulatory immunotherapy in mammary cancer
Authors: Anderson J M , Kelly F , Wood Suzanne E , Halnan K E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Stimulation of rejection reactions by attenuated cancer cells is the most widely studied and the safest type of immunotherapy feasible at present. Transfer of serum and non-specific stimulation can increase the growth of cancers and carry risks of hypersensitivity reactions and granulomatous hepatitis. No such dangers accompany sensitization with irradiated cancer cells which augments the effect of subsequent irradiation of residual cancer in animals. Therefore we have examined the effects of autografts of irradiated cancer (AIC) added to conventional first treatment of mammary cancer by mastectomy and radiotherapy at a time when any residual or disseminated cancer could reasonably be expected to he small and more readily controlled by any systemic component of the putatively radiosensitizing immunotherapy.
Two premenopausal and 14 postmenopausal women with prognostically unfavourable mammary cancer (11 with proved axillary lymph nodal metastases, I without such metastases and 4 in whom the nodal status was unknown because dissections were partial) were treated in this way 4–7 years ago. Twelve (75 per cent) patients are still alive. One survivor had many metastases in bones and subcutaneous tissues which appear to have regressed completely following chemotherapy. The other II survivors have no biochemical, clinical, radiological or scintigraphic signs of disseminated cancer.
Three of the patients have died from metastases; one whose axillary nodal status was unknown developed cancer therein 52 months after first treatment, and another died of distant metastases after 50 months. The third had extensive axillary metastases at operation and died 6 months later. Another patient aged 78 years with unknown axillary nodal status died of pneumonia with no known metastases after 15 months.
In vitro measurements of cancer-directed cellular immunity in the II survivors who are well have been compared with two age-matched groups of females. One group had comparable primary mammary cancer treated by mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy but no AIC. A second age-matched group consisted of non-cancer-bearing females attending hospital for the treatment of simple conditions. These carefully controlled immunoassays of lymphocytotoxicity and leucocyte migration inhibition (performed twice) show that AIC strengthens cancer-directed cellular immunity, indicating a need for definition of the optimum application of AIC so that a controlled clinical trial may be designed to measure any benefit conferred by AIC upon patients bearing mammary cancers.
The control of plasma glucose in the surgical patient
Authors: Giddings A E B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a controlled merabolic study of 18 surgical patients alterations in the relationship of plasma glucose to insulin and non-esterified fatty acids could be divided into two phases. In the immediate postoperative period insulin resistance allowed a simultaneous increase in glucose and fatty acids, a situation which does not occur in the normal subject. On subsequent days resistance subsided and the reciprocal relationship of glucose to fatty acids was restored. It is suggested that insulin resistance is an adaptive feature which permits an augmented supply of energy substrate to meet the demands of injury. In adequate amounts intravenous carbohydrate spares tissue protein and fat during recovery. This is mediated by a long term change in the relationship of insulin to the more stable plasma glucose.