bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT, LONGEVITY AND FECUNDITY OFNALA LIVIDIPES(DUFOUR) (DERMAPTERA: LABIDURIDAE)
Authors: Simpson G. B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe influence of temperature on the development and survival of Nala lividipes was determined for eggs at constant temperatures, and for nymphs at constant and fluctuating temperatures. Adult longevity and fecundity were also assessed at constant temperatures. Eggs failed to hatch at 15 and 18°C. Survival was low at 20, 32.5 and 35 °C, but was relatively constant, at a mean of 64.3%, for temperatures between 22 and 30°C. Survival of nymphs was maximal at 29 °C. Linear models adequately described the development rates of eggs and nymphs reared at the constant temperatures. The nymph model was an unsuitable descriptor of development of nymphs under fluctuating temperatures, and a new linear model was required. The sex ratio at any temperature did not differ significantly from 1:1. Oviposition did not occur at 20 °C; it increased to a maximum at 30.5 °C before declining. There were insignificant differences in longevity between males and mated or virgin females. Longevity was inversely related to temperature. Population increases are possible between 22 and 32.5°C, with a doubling time of 1.9 weeks at 30°C.
Influence of Temperature on Copula Duration and Mating Propensity in Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: COOK DAVID F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThere was a logarithmic decline in copula duration with increasing temperature in adult L. cuprina. Copula duration varied from 26 min at 17°C to 7 min at 41°C. Temperature had no effect on the time from pairing to the first mating attempt. the frequency of mating attempts by males increased with rising temperatures between 15–30°C, but declined at >30°C. the time from pairing to the start of mating was quickest at 25 °C, declining with increasing temperatures. the optimal temperature for mating was between 25–30 °C, when frequency of mating attempts and the proportion of flies mating were highest, whilst time from pairing to both the first mating attempt and the start of mating were lowest. the temperature threshold for mating was around 16°C.
A Pump System for Collecting Mosquito Larvae from Shallow Ground Pools (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: WELLS P. J. , CLOONAN M. J. , RUSSELL R. C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTUsing a simple pump and sieve arrangement, large numbers of mosquito larvae were collected from ground pool habitats in a brackish marsh. In excess of 12,000 Aedes vigilax (Skuse) larvae were collected in a 36‐h period using this method.
Mosquito Collections and a Virus Isolation from Lake Nuga Nuga, Central Queensland (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: FANNING I. D. , KAY B. H. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTDuring April‐June 1977 mosquito collections were made at Lake Nuga Nuga, south of Rolleston. A total of 37 male and 533 female mosquitoes were collected using human bait or as resting adults. 99% were either Anopheles annulipes s.l. or Aedes vittiger. the female mosquitoes were processed for virus isolation and Parkers Farm virus was isolated from a pool of Ae vittiger.
Two New Insects from Portulaca oleracea L. in Australia
Authors: McFADYEN RACHEL E. CRUTTWELL 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe portulaca leaf‐mining weevil Hypurus bertrandi (Perris) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), previously known only from Europe, California and Hawaii, is reported from eastern Australia and possibly the Philippines. A stem‐boring fly Liriomyza caulophaga (Kleinschmidt) is also reported from portulaca in eastern Australia.
Evidence for an Alarm Pheromone in Ropalidia romandi (Le Guillou) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: KOJIMA J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTIn an Australian swarm‐founding polistine, Ropalidia romandi, exposure of squashed venom sacs of workers outside the nest reduced the threshold for attack. This treatment induced recruitment of several workers to the outer surface of the envelope, while a physical stimulus given to the nest caused a sudden emergence of a large number of workers from the nest. Visual cues induced attack; black objects were preferentially attacked by the wasps while white ones were rarely attacked.
Selective Soil Organic Matter Consumption by Larvae of Adoryphorus couloni (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Mcquillan P. B. , WEBB W. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAnalysis of the gut contents of third‐instar larvae of the redheaded pasture cockchafer Adoryphorus couloni indicates that they feed preferentially on organic matter in soil under perennial ryegrass pastures, rather than simply consuming the bulk soil indiscriminantly. Larvae sequester carbonaceous material at 2–4 times its concentration in the external soil environment. This was confirmed by confining larvae in artificial soils with various proportions of organic matter, with the degree of assimilation depending on the size of the food particles. Better management of the organic matter in the root zone of pastures may hold a key to the management of this pest.
Foregut Morphology of Locusta migratoria (L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: HOCHULI D. F. , ROBERTS B. , SANSON G. D. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe role of the foregut of adult Locusta migratoria in feeding was evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy. the intima of the foregut possesses many spines, different regions of the foregut bearing spines with different morphologies. Crop and proventricular spines with multiple prongs were observed. Wear was observed on spines from month‐old locusts, revealing that considerable mechanical interaction with plant material occurs within the gut. Morphological evidence does not support a grinding or crushing function for the spines of the foregut. the foregut spines are most likely used to regulate the passage of food through the foregut.
Development and Survival of Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) in Relation to Temperature and Salinity
Authors: MOTTRAM P. , Kay B. H. , Fanning I. D. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe effect of water temperature and salinity on the development and survival of immature Culex sitiens were studied in the laboratory and at Pimpama Weir, 60 km S Brisbane. the optimum temperature for Cx sitiens survival and development was 30 °C, the threshold for development was 11.94 ± 1.5 °C, and the thermal constant of 188.68 ± 13.33 degree‐days. Survival of the immatures was highest at a salinity of 6–8 ppK and lowest at 20 ppK. Although the newly hatched Cx sitiens were killed at 25 ppK the older stages could tolerate higher concentrations if the increase was gradual. In the field, a high daily increase of salinity combined with fluctuating water temperatures, contributed to very low survival of the immatures. As a result, it is suggested that chemical control of breeding sites is unnecessary if the salinity is 20 ppK or over.
Three New Species of Hypoaspis Canestrini (Acarina: Laelapidae) Associated with Large Australian Cockroaches
Authors: STRONG K. L. , HALLIDAY R. B. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Hypoaspis blattae sp.n., H. ruggi sp.n., and H. rosei sp.n. are described from Australia. They are associated with large burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae). H. blattae is associated with many different species of hosts, while H. ruggi is associated only with Macropanesthia rhinoceros Saussure. H. rosei is associated with Geoscapheus dilatatus Saussure and possibly G. robustus Tepper.
Behavioural Responses of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Olfactory Stimuli: Evaluation of an Olfactometer
Authors: URECH R. , GREEN P. E. , FRANKE F. , MULDER J. C. , ROBERTS C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTEvaluation of a choice‐type olfactometer for the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, is described. Responses of L. cuprina in the olfactometer, on a given day, were reproducible, and suitable for reliably testing attractants. However, the response of the sheep blowflies to liver odour varied significantly between days and between chambers of the olfactometer. No response differences were detected between virgin and gravid, nor between male and female flies. Short CO2 immobilisation of the flies (5 min or less) did not change their response to odours in the olfactometer.
A New Genus and Four New Species of Mutillidae Associated withBrachyponera luteaMayr (Formicidae) in Western Australia (Hymenoptera)
Authors: BROTHERS DENIS J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTPonerotillagen.n. is described for four species of Mutillidae from Western Australia,P. incarinatasp.n.,P. lissantyxsp.n.,P. clarkisp.n. andP. lamelligerasp.n., all known from females only. the first three species have all been collected in the vicinity of Perth, in nests of or in association withBrachyponera luteaMayr. Peculiar features of the morphology indicate a hypogaeic habit.
Overwintering of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales
Authors: BISHOP A. L. , McKENZIE H. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTIn a study of the overwintering ability of Culicoides spp, at the southern limits of the distribution of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer, it was found that C. brevitarsis numbers declined linearly with temperature during winter but were independent of rainfall. Regression equations were used to calculate lower thresholds for C. brevitarsis activity/presence. These thresholds were similar for three different collection methods. Results obtained from light trap data for four other Culicoides spp showed that their relationship with temperature allowed their recovery after winter. Under suitable conditions, oviposition by C. brevitarsis continued into winter and immature stages survived for 1 to 2 months (mainly as pupae/pre‐pupae) in cattle dung, its breeding habitat. Survival of C. brevitarsis was affected by the time spent at temperatures below the estimated thresholds. Reinfestations from coastal regions further north could be responsible for the reappearance of C. brevitarsis in years when they fail to survive in the central coastal region of NSW. Conversely, the other Culicoides spp. recorded appeared capable of maintaining viable populations.
A Comparison of Proteases Produced by Larvae of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), L. sericata (Meigen), Calliphora augur (F.) and C. stygia (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: CONSTABLE S. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTProteases produced by larvae of four blowfly species (Lucilia cuprina, L. sericata, Calliphora augur and C. stygia were compared using isoelectric focusing gels and zymogram overlays. For each of the substrates, little or no variation in zymogram pattern occurred between preparations from the same blowfly species. Interspecific differences were found: the protease patterns produced by the two Lucilia species were closer than those of the two calliphorids. A number of proteases common to all four species were identified.
Boongurrus rivulus, a New Genus and Species of Water Beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) from Northern Queensland, Australia
Authors: LARSON D. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Boongurrus rivulus gen. et sp.n. is described from tropical Queensland. Boongurrus is related to Liodessus Guignot, but is characterised by elongate shape, dense punctation and short apical segment of the paramere. B. rivulus is a predacious water beetle occurring in sand and gravel in headwater streams and springs in open eucalypt woodlands.
Revision of Vitellus Stål and Avicenna Distant in Australia (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: GROSS G. F. , McDONALD F. J. D. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTFour known species of Vitellus and one of Avicenna have been redescribed. the following new synonyms are proposed: V. taurus Distant 1910 =V. antemna Breddin 1900; V. bovillus Distant 1910 =V. forficuloides Walker 1867; Morna cucospila Walker 1867 and Cuspicona splendidula Distant 1910 =Cimex aggressor F. 1775 and Cuspicona recurvicornis Breddin 1900 =C. auricornis Walker 1867. the latter has been moved to Avicenna as has Morna aggressor. Two new species are described, V. simpsoni and V. warreni. A key to species is given.
Dimorphic Minor Soldiers in Schedorhinotermes breinli (Hill) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: MILLER L. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA series of Schedorhinotermes breinli from the Kimberley region in Western Australia contained minor soldiers of two forms. the size and morphology of the large form suggest that it is derived from a larval stage close to the size of the smallest workers.
Efficacy of Insecticides against Stethopachys formosa Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Pest of Orchids in Eastern Australia
Authors: GOUGH N. , MONTGOMERY B. L. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTExperiments were carried out to determine the efficacy of insecticides for control of the orchid beetle Stethopachys formosa Baly on the orange crucifix orchid Epidendrum×obrienianum as plant host. Bendiocarb 0.4 g L−1, carbaryl 1.0 g L−1, methidathion 0.5 g L−1, and methiocarb 1.5 g L−1, were the most effective spray treatments, rapidly killing adults, Dimethoate 0.3 g L−1 and maldison 0.5 g L−1 were less effective, whilst diazinon 1.32 g L−1, fluvalinate 0.96 g L−1, pyrethrum 0.78 g L−1 and trichlorfon 1.25 g L−1 were ineffective. Bendiocarb, carbaryl, diazinon, fluvalinate and methidathion applied to eggs all prevented maturation of larvae. Carbaryl 1 g L−1 effectively controlled field infestations.
Behavioural ecology of tropical cave cockroaches: preliminary field studies with evolutionary implications
Authors: WEINSTEIN PHILIP 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTTropical troglobites are unlikely to have evolved from troglophiles isolated by climatic extremes, because the latter were not subjected to the severe temperatures that their temperate counterparts endured during the Pleistocene. If pre‐adapted forms enter tropical caves directly and undergo adaptive shifts, it is possible that they do so in search of a moist substrate. the present study is the first field test of this hypothesis. the preference of the tropical troglophile Paratemnopteryx sp. (Blattodea: Blattellidae) for moist leaves compared with dry leaves was studied in a tropical cave. the relative attractiveness of leaves in leaf litter traps was compared at a range of different relative humidities in the cave. the relative attractiveness of wet leaves was found to increase as the cave atmosphere became progressively drier towards the cave entrance. I suggest that some tropical troglophiles seek the wet leaf litter available in caves, and that they may remain in deep caves which provide this resource without climatic isolation events keeping them there. This finding lends empirical support to the idea that many species from the great variety of tropical organisms invade caves, resulting in what has recently been shown to be a tropical cave fauna relatively rich in troglobites.
Acalolepta vastator (Newman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Infesting Grapevines in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales 1. Distribution and Dispersion
Authors: GOODWIN S. , PETTIT M. A. , SPOHR L. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of fig longicorn, Acalolepta vastator, currently causing economic damage to grapevines in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales is reviewed. Annual surveys showed populations infesting up to 70% of vines in some vineyards with mean annual percentage of vines infested within the outbreak ranging from 35.6–46.4% between 1988–1990. In 1991 the population fell to 7.7% of vines infested and further declined to 5.8% in 1992. We postulate that a newly introduced control strategy was the main contributing factor. Dispersion of A. vastator occurred up to 150 m in a single year by flight and by walking, with the latter the preferred option as a means of dispersal in this habitat. Dispersal was along vine rows rather than randomly, in the vineyards. A. vastator showed no preference for particular vine varieties or site aspect, although significantly greater numbers were recorded in steeply sloped sites than in level sites.
A New Species of Urabunana Distant and New Locality Records for U. marshalli Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Northern New South Wales
Authors: COOMBS M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Urabunana wollomombii sp.n. from northern New South Wales is described and figured. New records are provided for U. marshalli from the Armidale region, extending the known distribution of this species eastward to montane localities.
Culturing Haematobia exigua de Meijere (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Laboratory
Authors: ANDERSON J. M. E. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTMethods to establish buffalo fly Haematobia exigua in the laboratory without access to a bovine host are described. Adult flies were kept at 32 ± 1° and 70‐80% RH in cardboard cylinders with netted tops, the cylinder base resting on a damp cloth‐covered tray. Flies were fed abattoir‐collected bovine blood (containing sodium citrate and an antibiotic) on cotton pads via the netting. A food supplement and sugar were provided. Eggs were laid on the cloth base or directly onto dung or dung‐based medium. Eggs/larvae were washed off the cloth and filtered onto organdie, numbers estimated and put on medium stored at 25 ± 1° on sand. Pupae weighed 2.45‐4.22 mg and were washed from both sand and medium 8‐9 d after egg lay. the life cycle took 18‐21 d from adult to adult and 11‐14 d from egg to adult. Successful emergence of adults from pupae increased from 10% in initial trials to 87% in the fifth generation (F5) and egg fertility reached 57% (F3). Adults lived for 2‐3 weeks and continued to lay eggs from the 4th day after commencement of blood feeding until death.
Herbivory of Eremophila R. Br. (Myoporaceae) by Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Arid Shrublands of Western Australia
Authors: RICHMOND GUY 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Pulvinaria dodonaeae are recorded as feeding on Eremophila R. Br. (Myoporaceae) within the arid shrublands of Western Australia. Ten percent of the E. margarethae population (i.e. 90 plants/ha) were killed by this scale. E. fraseri subsp. galeata appears hardier with minimal affects on plant vitality.
Effects of Formalin Treatment and Dung Consistency on Hatching and Establishment of Larvae of Onthophagus taurus (Schreber), Bubas bison (L.) and Onitis belial (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: STEINBAUER M. J. , WARDHAUGH K. G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTAs part of a program concerned with the introduction of exotic dung beetles to Australia, eggs of three species of dung beetle (Onthophagus taurus, Bubas bison and Onitis belial) were immersed for 3 min in 1% formaldehyde (ca 3% formalin), followed by rinsing in ammonium carbonate and/or reverse osmosis water to neutralise or remove formaldehyde‐residues. In all three species, formaldehyde treatment had no adverse effects on either egg survival or larval establishment, irrespective of the type of post‐immersion rinse. Species effects and effects associated with the nature of the dung on which the eggs were placed after treatment were the main factors determining egg and larval survival. O. taurus was the most robust species, with 82.5% of individuals reaching pupation regardless of treatment. This compared with 18.5% for B. bison and 0% for O. belial. an alternative method of satisfying requirements for release from quarantine is suggested for species such as O. belial.
Movement of Larvae of Inopus rubriceps (Macquart) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Into Rows of Sugarcane
Authors: SAMSON P. R. , HARRIS W. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTLarvae of sugarcane soldier fly, Inopus rubriceps, began aggregating near sugarcane plants in troughs within 1 week of planting. By 6 weeks, almost 80% of larvae were found within 13 cm of the plants and only 5% were found 25‐50 cm distant.
Xenoencyrtus hemipterus (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Egg Parasitoid of Coreidae (Hemiptera) in Tasmania
Authors: STEINBAUER M. J. , CLARKE A. R. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTEggs of Amorbus obscuricornis (Westwood) and Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) are reported for the first time as being parasitised by the encyrtid parasitoid Xenoencyrtus hemipterus (Girault). This is the first record of an egg parasitoid attacking these species and is also the first record of the genus Xenoencyrtus Riek from Tasmania. Brief notes on parasitism under laboratory conditions are provided.
New Records of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from South Australia and Western Australia
Authors: FITT G. P. , GREGG P. C. , ZALUCKI M. P. , MURRAY D. A. H. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTRecords of Helicoverpa armigera. from pheromone and light traps are presented for areas of South Australia and Western Australia where this agricultural pest has not previously been recognised. Although considerably less abundant than H. punctigera, H. armigera. was recorded at all trap locations in the two states, many of which were in arid inland areas devoid of agricultural crops. A better definition of the distribution of this species may assist in understanding the dynamics of pesticide resistance in populations within the cropping areas.
Effect of Host Plant on Parasitism of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Hyposoter didymator Thunberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Cotesia kazak (Telenga) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: MURRAY D. A. H. , RYNNE K. P. , WINTERTON S. L. , BEAN J. A. , LLOYD R. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe effect of host plant on parasitism of second‐instar Helicoverpa armigera by two introduced larval parasitoids, Hyposoter didymator and Cotesia kazak, was investigated in glasshouse experiments. Parasitism was lowest on chickpea (5.4% for H. didymator and 11.8% for C. kazak). Higher levels of parasitism (50.1‐85.0% for H. didymator and 25.7‐55.3% for C. kazak) were recorded on sorghum, sunflower, cotton, soybean and pigeonpea. This suggests that the parasitoids should be released against Helicoverpa spp. infestations on the major summer crops—sorghum, sunflower, cotton and soybean—rather than against the first spring generation infesting chickpea. Sorghum and sunflower are preferred release crops because parasitism levels are high and disruption by insecticide sprays is less likely.
Jacotia Faure (Phlaeothripidae), a Second Genus of Thysanoptera with Disjunct Distribution Between Australia and South Africa
Authors: MOUND L. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe genus Jacotia has been known from a single species, J. elegiae Faure, described from Cape Province, South Africa. Three new species of this genus are described from Australia: J. glyptus sp.n. from Canberra, J. idaeus sp.n. from eastern New South Wales and Queensland, and J. palmerae sp.n. from the south‐western area of the Simpson Desert in South Australia. These are small, fungus‐feeding species living at ground level. Two species vibrate their anal tube vigorously when disturbed.
Psilopsocus mimulus Smithers (Psocoptera: Psilopsocidae), the First Known Wood‐Boring Psocopteran
Authors: SMITHERS C. N. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTExamination of the nymph of Psilopsocus mimulus suggested that it might be a wood borer, a habit unknown in the order. Recent observations have confirmed this, making it the first known wood‐boring member of the Psocoptera. an augmented description of the nymph is given and adaptations to its unusual habit discussed.