bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of rosuvastatin on sortilin and fetuin-A in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Werida Rehab H. , Elattar Ola Mohamed , Abdelghafour Reem Ahmed , Ghoneim Asser 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Rosuvastatin is a drug used for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. It is hypothesized that fetuin-A encourages lipid-induced insulin resistance and sortilin may increase the risk of atherosclerotic-related disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of rosuvastatin co-treatment in T2DM patients and its effect on levels of sortilin and fetuin-A.

Methods
Seventy T2DM patients treated with glimepiride and metformin were randomly assigned to either co-treated with rosuvastatin 10 mg tablets (rosuvastatin group, n = 40), or placebo (placebo group, n = 30) daily for 3 months in a parallel, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis. Serum sortilin and fetuin-A levels, glycemic and lipid profiles were measured before and 3 months after intervention.

Results
Fasting blood glucose (FBG, mg/dl) significantly decreased in placebo and rousvastatin groups from (104 ± 7.24 to 96.67 ± 7.14 vs 102.8 ± 6.43 to 93.0 ± 4.71), respectively, compared with baseline (p < 0.05). BMI and HbA1c decreased in placebo vs rosuvastatin group (29.20 ± 3.18 to 28.10 ± 3.08, p=0.08 vs 28.67 ± 3.56 to 27.66 ± 3.16, p = 0.27), and (6.59 ± 0.27 to 6.36 ± 0.27 vs 6.56 ± 0.26 to 6.29 ± 0.25), respectively, compared with baseline (p ≤ 0.001) with no significance difference between both groups (p = 0.58 and p = 0.25, respectively). Sortilin and fetuin-A levels significantly decreased in rosuvastatin vs placebo group from (1.77 ± 0.41 to 0.64 ± 0.37 vs 1.70 ± 0.36 to 1.65 ± 0.36) and from (295.33 ± 52.04 to 179.75 ± 60.22 vs 307.22 ± 50.11 to 288.94 ± 49.53), respectively, compared with baseline with significance difference between both groups (p < 0.001) compared with placebo. Significant positive correlation was found between sortilin with fetuin-A, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and atherogenic index (p < 0.001). Significant positive correlation was observed between fetuin-A with FBG (p < 0.05) and atherogenic index (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Rosuvastatin co-treatment in T2DM patients improves glycemic control and aids in decreasing the atherogenic biomarkers sortilin and fetuin-A levels, so it can be considered tolerable and efficient in improving lipid profile and atherogenic index.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03907423, (The registration date: April 9, 2019).
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03907423
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The Overlooked Association Between Nutrition and the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rezae Alex , Fakak Reem , Alexander Kyle G. , Constantinou Constantina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) constitutes a mere 1% of global cancer cases. This scoping review aims to investigate the association between nutrition and the development of AML, providing a foundation for future research in this field.

Recent Findings
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, EBSCO, Taylor and Francis, Science Direct and Cochrane Library using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies and clinical trials examining the association between nutrition and the development of AML. Articles selected for analysis were restricted to those published in English between 1990-2023, and available as full text articles. Among the twenty-five articles that were screened, only six met the criteria for data extraction. Four studies did not reveal statistically significant correlations between nutrition and the development of AML, while two studies provided evidence for significant associations. The findings indicated increased AML risk associated with (a) heightened caloric intake, consumption of white potatoes, and red meat (pork and beef) and (b) diminished consumption of vegetables, seafood, nuts, and seeds.

Summary
The scarcity of comprehensive studies exploring the connection between nutrition and AML, highlights the urgent need for additional research, encompassing pre-clinical studies. This imperative is critical for enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the connection between diet and the aetiology of AML. Such knowledge is paramount in advancing effective strategies for both prevention and management of this significant disease.
AGF-Net: adaptive global feature fusion network for road extraction from remote-sensing images
Authors: Zhang Yajuan , Zhang Lan , Wang Yunhe , Xu Wenjia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRoad extraction from remote-sensing images is of great significance for vehicle navigation and emergency insurance. However, the road information extracted in the remote-sensing image is discontinuous because the road in the image is often obscured by the shadows of trees or buildings. Moreover, due to the scale difference of roads in remote-sensing images, it remains a computational challenge to extract small-size roads from remote-sensing images. To address those problems, we propose a road extraction method based on adaptive global feature fusion (AGF-Net). First, a dilated convolution strip attention (DCSA) module is designed from the encoder–decoder structure. It consists of the dilated convolution and the strip attention module, which adaptively emphasizes relevant features in vertical and horizontal directions. Then, multiple global feature fusion modules (GFFM) in the skip connection are designed to supplement the decoder with road detail features, and we design a multi-scale strip convolution module (MSCM) to implement the GFFM module to obtain multi-scale road information. We compare AGF-Net to state-of-the-art methods and report their performance using standard evaluation metrics, including Intersection over Union (IoU), F1-score, precision, and recall. Our proposed AGF-Net achieves higher accuracy compared to other existing methods on the Massachusetts Road Dataset, DeepGlobe Road Dataset, CHN6-CUG Road Dataset, and BJRoad Dataset. The IoU obtained on these datasets are 0.679, 0.673, 0.567, and 0.637, respectively.
Geophysical characterization of groundwater aquifers in the Western Debrecen area, Hungary: insights from gravity, magnetotelluric, and electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Mohammed Musaab A. A. , Szabó Norbert P. , Alao Joseph O. , Szűcs Péter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recent study followed a multi-methodological approach integrating gravity, magnetotelluric (MT), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to investigate the geometry and hydrological characteristics of the main hydrostratigraphical units in the Western Debrecen area, Eastern Hungary. The integration of these methods aims to delineate potential zones for groundwater development and guide effective extraction strategies. In the gravity investigation, the Bouguer anomaly map undergoes spectral analysis for the separation of shallow and deep features, offering a preliminary indication of basement rock depth. Subsequently, gravity data inversion is employed to map variations in basement rock topography, revealing a basin structure, with sediment thicknesses extending up to 2 km. On the other hand, the MT data are modeled using the 1D Occam inversion algorithm to validate the results of the gravity data analysis. This inversion, constrained with lithological logs is further utilized to delineate the main hydrostratigraphical units in the study area. Accordingly, four units are identified, including the Nagyalföld Aquifer, Algyő and Endrődi Aquitards, the Badenian Aquifer, and the Pre-Neogene Aquitard. Consequently, Dar Zarrouk parameters based transmissivity and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer units are measured. The Nagyalföld aquifer showed a hydraulic conductivity that ranged between 7.9 and 11.9 m/day, while the Badenian aquifer showed an average hydraulic conductivity of 13.1 m/day. The ERT data are employed to map the spatial distribution of the depth to the water table. The shallow water table is observed in regions characterized by an elevated thickness of sedimentary rocks, attributed to their high specific capacity. Integrating these hydrogeophysical methods provided a comprehensive understanding of the subsurface hydrology and enabled better-informed decision-making for groundwater development.
Intriguing Occupations at Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Spain): the Acheulean Subunits TD10.3 and TD10.4
Authors: Mosquera Marina , Ollé Andreu , Saladié Palmira , Arroyo Adrián , Asryan Lena , Bargalló Amèlia , de Lombera-Hermida Arturo , Fernández-Marchena Juan Luis , García-Medrano Paula , Lombao Diego , Rodríguez-Hidalgo Antonio , Soto María , Vallverdú Josep , Arteaga-Brieba Andion , Villalobos Javier , Yeşilova Görkem-Cenk , Carbonell Eudald 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the zooarchaeological, technological, use-wear, and spatial analyses of the earliest sedimentary subunits of TD10 (TD10.3 and TD10.4) of the Gran Dolina site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), dated to c. 400 ka. Both units have yielded Acheulean technology, with occupational models characterized by the superimposition of multiple and independent events paired with short, sporadic occupations. Subunits TD10.3 and TD10.4 formed during a period in which the cave was largely reopened after a temporary closure. This period of reopening is evidenced by several blocks that fell from the ceiling and walls. Fifty-seven groups of refits and anthropic conjoins, of which 43 resulted from deliberate hominin activity, confirm the low disturbance of the deposits. Contrary to TD10.4, TD10.3 shows good preservation of faunal remains, although anthropogenic modifications are very scarce. Technologically, both deposits represent well-developed Acheulean assemblages, with high proportions of large-shaped tools and percussive material, which place this area among those that have yielded the most evidence of this type among all the excavated Atapuerca sites. The question of why these subunits contain so many hammerstones, manuports, and large tools associated with faunal remains that have been so scarcely modified is discussed based on data from spatial, technical, and use-wear analyses, which have identified butchery activities, and for the first time in the Pleistocene Atapuerca record, borer elements and possible thrusting stone spear tips. Furthermore, the occupational and technological characteristics of these subunits were compared with other western European archaeological sites, including the nearby site of Galería, with which a broad correlation can be made.
Jasmonates Improve Drought Tolerance of Hordeum vulgare L. After Biochar Treatment
Authors: Nasiri Sajjad , Andalibi Babak , Tavakoli Afshin , Delavar Mohammad Amir , El-Keblawy Ali , Mastinu Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo investigate how and in what amounts biochar and methyl jasmonate can improve drought tolerance of barley. A two-year experimental study was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design (n = 5) in the research greenhouse of Zanjan University, Iran, to investigate the possible effects of biochar and methyl jasmonate on some traits of winter barley under drought conditions. Two irrigation regimes, D0 (full irrigation in soil field capacity as control) and D1 (withholding irrigation immediately after flowering stage), three methyl jasmonate spray densities [0 (M0), 50 (M50), and 100 (M100) μM] and four levels of biochar in soil [0% (B0), 0.25% (B0.25), 0.5% (B0.5), 1% (B1) per soil weight] were used in this experiment. In this study, drought reduced two-year average leaf area (LA) by 96%, stomatal conductance (gs) by 84%, and photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE) by 64%. In addition, drought reduced chlorophyll-b by 1.5% and 81% and transpiration rate (Tr) by 2.5% and 78% in the first and second years, respectively. However, the application of biochar and methyl jasmonate improved all the traits studied in both D0 and D1 drought-treated plants. For most of the parameters studied, the optimal combination of biochar and methyl jasmonate that optimized water use efficiency and alleviated drought was 0.25% and 50 μM, respectively. The synergistic action of biochar and jasmonates improved the tolerance of barley to water stress.
Blue light protection factor: a method to assess the protective efficacy of cosmetics against blue light-induced skin damage in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Rui , Pu Weilin , Zhang Xinyuan , Di Ye , Xu Jing , Zhu Meiyan , Tan Yimei , Liu Wei , Krutmann Jean , Wang Jiucun , Ma Yanyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that visible light (VL), especially blue light (BL), could cause significant skin damage. With the emergence of VL protection products, a harmonization of light protection methods has been proposed, but it has not been widely applied in the Chinese population.

Objective
Based on this framework, we propose an accurate and simplified method to evaluate the efficacy of BL photoprotection for the Chinese population.

Methods
All subjects (n = 30) were irradiated daily using a blue LED light for four consecutive days. Each irradiation dose was 3/4 MPPD (minimum persistent pigmentation darkening). The skin pigmentation parameters, including L*, M, and ITA°, were recorded. We proposed the blue light protection factor (BPF) metric based on the skin pigmentation parameters to evaluate the anti-blue light efficacies of different products.

Results
We found that the level of pigmentation rose progressively and linearly as blue light exposure increased. We proposed a metric, BPF, to reflect the anti-blue light efficacy of products based on the linear changes in skin pigment characteristics following daily BL exposure. Moreover, we discovered that the BPF metric could clearly distinguish the anti-blue light efficacies between two products and the control group, suggesting that BPF is an efficient and simple-to-use metric for anti-blue light evaluation.

Conclusion
Our study proposed an accurate and simplified method with an easy-to-use metric, BPF, to accurately characterize the anti-blue light efficacies of cosmetic products, providing support for further development of anti-blue light cosmetics.
Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure Using Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Sajib , Debnath Rameswar , Biswas Sujit , Bairagi Anupam Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRibonucleic acid (RNA) structure is vital to its ability to function within the cell. The ability to predict RNA structure is essential to implementing new medications and understanding genetic illnesses. It is also important in synthetic and computational biology. All these functions are directly related to its secondary structure. Also prediction of RNA secondary structure process is the most significant step to determining the tertiary structure of RNA. On account of this, prediction of secondary structure of RNA is the crying topic in bioinformatics. In this research, we present the swarm-based metaheuristic Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) method for predicting the secondary structure of RNA. The main feather of the BOA is that it can conduct both local and global search simultaneously. According to the problem perspective, we have redesigned the operators of BOA to perform global and local search operations in different ways. We have followed a thermodynamic model for the selection of the stable secondary structure with minimum Gibbs free energy. Predicting the minimum free energy value we also developed an “Optimize” function to search the new optimize structure. This function increases the prediction efficiency, creating new stable structure and also decreases the time complexity of global searching procedure. We have used a public dataset to perform the prediction operation. To accuse our prediction efficiency, we have compared our outcomes to existing popular algorithms. The result shows that the proposed approach can predict secondary RNA structure better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Reducing Resolution Dependency of Dust Emission Modeling Using Albedo‐Based Wind Friction
Authors: Chappell Adrian , Hennen Mark , Schepanski Kerstin , Dhital Saroj , Tong Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNumerical simulations of dust emission processes are essential for dust cycle modeling and dust‐atmosphere interactions. Models have coarse spatial resolutions which, without tackling sub‐grid scale heterogeneity, bias finely resolved dust emission. Soil surface wind friction velocity (us*) drives dust emission non‐linearly with increasing model resolution, due mainly to thresholds of sediment entrainment. Albedo is area‐integrated, scales linearly with resolution, is related to us* and hence represents its sub‐grid scale heterogeneity. Calibrated albedo‐based global dust emission estimates decreased by only 2 Tg y−1 (10.5%) upscaled from 0.5 to 111 km, largely independent of resolution. Without adjusting wind fields, this scaling uncertainty is within recent estimates of global dust emission model uncertainty (±14.9 Tg y−1). This intrinsic scaling capability of the albedo‐based approach offers considerable potential to reduce resolution dependency of dust cycle modeling and improve the representation of local dust emission in Earth system models and operational air quality forecasting.
Equation of State of Liquid Fe7C3 and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Liquidus Phase Relations in the Fe‐C System
Authors: Yokoo Shunpei , Umemoto Koichiro , Hirose Kei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe calculated the pressure‐volume relations of liquids Fe and Fe7C3 up to ∼360 GPa and 3000–8000 K based on the first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate that liquid Fe7C3 is similar in compressibility and thermal expansivity to liquid Fe at the Earth's core pressure range. We then obtained a thermodynamic model of the liquidus phase relations in the Fe‐C system at high pressures by using the thermal equation of state (EoS) of liquid Fe7C3 as well as that of liquid Fe3C estimated by interpolation between the volumes of Fe and Fe7C3 calculated in this study. The previously reported eutectic points in the Fe‐Fe3C system are reproduced with interaction parameters that are dependent on temperature but independent on pressure at >∼50 GPa. The melting curve of Fe7C3 should be close to that of Fe, which leads to a change in the eutectic system from Fe‐Fe3C to Fe‐Fe7C3 above 250 GPa as observed by previous experiments. The thermodynamic model also suggests that the solidus and liquidus of Fe3C are relatively low. The Fe‐Fe7C3 liquidus phase relations at the Earth's inner core boundary (ICB) pressure indicate the Fe7C3 inner core is unlikely. While the carbon content in the Earth's outer core may be small, the addition of 1 wt% C to liquid Fe drops the liquidus temperature to crystallize hcp‐Fe by ∼450 K, suggesting that the presence of carbon in the outer core is preferable for a relatively low core‐mantle boundary (CMB) temperature.
Lithospheric Structure and Melting Processes in Southeast Australia: New Constraints From Joint Probabilistic Inversions of 3D Magnetotelluric and Seismic Data
Authors: Manassero M. C. , Özaydın S. , Afonso J. C. , Shea J. J. , Ezad I. S. , Kirkby A. , Thiel S. , Fomin I. , Czarnota K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe thermochemical structure of the lithosphere controls melting mechanisms in the mantle, as well as the location of volcanism and ore deposits. Obtaining reliable images of the lithosphere structure, and its complex interactions with the asthenosphere, requires the joint inversion of multiple data sets and their associated uncertainties. In particular, the combination of seismic velocity and electrical conductivity, along with proxies for bulk composition and elusive minor phases, represents a crucial step toward fully understanding large‐scale lithospheric structure and melting processes. We apply a novel probabilistic approach for joint inversions of 3D magnetotelluric and seismic data to image the lithosphere beneath southeast Australia. The results show a highly heterogeneous lithosphere with deep conductivity anomalies that correlate with the location of Cenozoic volcanism. In regions where the conductivities have been at odds with sub‐lithospheric temperatures and seismic velocities, we observe that the joint inversion provides conductivity values consistent with other observations. The results reveal a strong relationship between metasomatized regions in the mantle and (a) boundaries of geological provinces, elucidating the subduction‐accretion process in the region; (b) distribution of leucitite and basaltic magmatism; (c) independent geochemical data, and (d) a series of lithospheric steps which constitute areas prone to generating small‐scale instabilities in the asthenosphere. This scenario suggests that shear‐driven upwelling and edge‐driven convection are the primary mechanisms for melting in eastern Australia, contrary to the conventional notion of mantle plume activity. Our study presents an integrated lithospheric model for southeastern Australia and provides valuable insight into the mechanisms driving surface geological processes.
Hydrologic and Landscape Controls on Rock Weathering Along a Glacial Gradient in South Central Alaska, USA
Authors: Muñoz S. , Jenckes J. , Ramos E. J. , Munk L. A. , Ibarra D. E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRock weathering impacts atmospheric CO2 levels with silicate rock dissolution removing CO2, and carbonate dissolution, pyrite oxidation, and organic rock carbon oxidation producing CO2. Glacierization impacts the hydrology and geomorphology of catchments and glacier retreat due to warming can increase runoff and initiate landscape succession. To investigate the impact of these changes on catchment scale weathering CO2 balances, we report monthly samples of solute chemistry and continuous discharge records for a sequence of glacierized watersheds draining into Kachemak Bay, Alaska. We partition solute and acid sources and estimate inorganic weathering CO2 balances using an inverse geochemical mixing model. Furthermore, we investigated how solutes vary with discharge conditions utilizing a concentration‐runoff framework. We develop an analogous fraction‐runoff framework which allows us to investigate changes in weathering contributions at different flows. Fraction‐runoff relationships suggest kinetic limitations on all reactions in glacierized catchments, and only silicate weathering in less glacierized catchments. Using forest cover as a proxy for landscape age and stability, multiple linear regression shows that faster reactions (pyrite oxidation) contribute less to the solute load with increasing forest cover, whereas silicate weathering (slow reaction kinetics) contributes more. Overall, in glacierized catchments, we find elevated weathering fluxes at high runoff despite significant dilution effects. This makes flux estimates that account for dilution more important in glacierized catchments. Our findings quantify how glaciers modify the inorganic weathering CO2 balance of catchments through hydrologic and geomorphic forcings, and support the previous hypothesis that deglaciation will be accompanied by a shift in inorganic weathering CO2 balances.