bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The last stand before Rubin: semi-automated inverse modelling of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing systems
Authors: França João Paulo C. , Makler Martin , Beloto Ingrid , Cypriano Eduardo , Oliveira Renan A. , Gonçalves Thiago S. , Nightingale James 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGalaxy-galaxy strong lensing (SL) systems provide a unique opportunity to test modified gravity theories. Deviations from General Relativity are encoded in the post-Newtonian parameter (γ). As a preparation for the upcoming data from the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), our research group collected imaging data of SL systems from ground-based telescopes and conducted spectroscopic observations of 21 systems on the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope to measure the lens velocity dispersions, σv. We briefly describe the semi-automated SL modelling of the systems in this sample and combine the results with σv from SOAR to derive an estimate for γ. Our preliminary results yield a value of $$\gamma = 1.17_{ - 0.33}^{ + 0.29}$$, which is consistent with General Relativity. Although the error bars are limited by the sample size, this result represents the first constraint on modified gravity obtained purely from ground-based data, with a sample completely independent from previous studies, and which allows for a self consistent end-to-end analysis.
Effectively Investigating Dark Matter Microphysics With Strong Gravitational Lensing Anisotropies
Authors: Dhanasingham Birendra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the last two decades, strong gravitational lensing has emerged as a potential method for studying the nature and distribution of dark matter on sub-galactic scales. In addition to the main lens substructure, line-of-sight dark matter haloes contribute greatly to the subtle perturbations of lensed images. Line-of-sight haloes, unlike dark matter subhaloes, imprint distinct anisotropic and quadrupole signatures in the maps that depict the divergence and curl of the effective deflection field, respectively, giving rise to quadrupole moments of the image-plane averaged two-point correlation function of these maps. In terms of central density evolution and dark matter halo distribution, the shapes and amplitudes of the two-point function multipoles alter dramatically in the presence of warm dark matter and self-interacting dark matter. This method, in conjunction with upcoming large-scale surveys, provides the prospect of improving the constraints on dark matter at a critical time in strong gravitational lensing research.
The Ocean's Meridional Oxygen Transport
Authors: Portela Esther , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Gorgues Thomas , Zika Jan , Perruche Coralie , Mignot Alexandre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantification of oxygen uptake at the ocean surface and its surface‐to‐interior pathways is crucial for understanding oxygen concentration change in a warming ocean. We investigate the mean meridional global oxygen transport between 1950 and 2009 using coupled physical‐biogeochemical model output. We introduce a streamfunction in latitude‐oxygen coordinates to reduce complexity in the description of the mean meridional oxygen pathways. The meridional oxygen transport occurs in two main cells: (a) the Northern Cell, dominated by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, is nearly adiabatic in the Northern Hemisphere, and transports well oxygenated waters equatorward; (b) The Southern Cell, strongly diabatic, is shaped by the circulation in the Indo‐Pacific basin, and combines the subtropical and abyssal meridional circulation cells when represented in depth‐latitude coordinates. Analysis of isopycnal meridional oxygen transport shows that the northward flow from the Southern Ocean transports well oxygenated waters within intermediate and bottom layers, while oxygen‐rich waters reach the Southern Ocean within deep layers (27.6 < σ0 < 27.9 kg m−3), carried by the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This oxygenated NADW loses around 25% of its oxygen concentration along its meridional journey from the North Atlantic (at 55°N) to the Southern Ocean. These insights into the oxygen dynamics as driven by the meridional overturning circulation provide a new framework for future studies on ocean deoxygenation.
New light on ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetes debate: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and intake threshold study
Authors: Wang Ling , Huang Xiaomin , Sun Mingyao , Zheng Tian , Zheng Luyan , Lin Xiaolan , Ruan Junshan , Lin Fan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a key modifiable factor in the intervention of type 2 diabetes, yet recommendations for dietary consumption of ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes remain ambiguous and controversial. Here, we revisit the subject in the light of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PPK-PD) modeling and propose a threshold for intake.

Research design and methods
Plasma levels of ω-3 PUFA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicator, respectively. The nonlinear mixed effect analysis was used to construct a PPK-PD model for ω-3 PUFA and to quantify the effects of FADS gene polymorphism, age, liver and kidney function, and other covariables.

Results
Data from 161 patients with type 2 diabetes in the community were modeled in a two-compartment model with primary elimination, and HDL was a statistically significant covariate. The simulation results showed that HbA1c showed a dose-dependent decrease of ω-3 PUFA plasma level. A daily intake of ω-3 PUFA at 0.4 g was sufficient to achieve an HbA1c level of 7% in more than 95% of patients.

Conclusions
PPK/PD modeling was proposed as a multilevel analytical framework to quantitatively investigate finer aspects of the complex relationship between ω-3 PUFA and type 2 diabetes on genetic and non-genetic influence factors. The results support a beneficial role for ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes and suggested the intake threshold. This new approach may provide insights into the interaction of the two and an understanding of the context in which changes occur.
Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogenic E. coli ST131 isolated from children with malignant tumors
Authors: Hassuna Noha Anwar , Rabea Eman M. , Mahdi W. K. M. , Abdelraheem Wedad M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe multidrug-resistant clone identified as Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (E. coli ST131) has spread world-wide. This study sought to ascertain the frequency and biofilm formation of E. coli ST131 isolated from children with various malignancies. A total of 60 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates from children without cancer and 30 UPEC isolates from children with cancer were assessed in this study. The microdilution method was used to investigate the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The microtiter plate (MTP) approach was used to phenotypically assess biofilm formation. The lasR, pelA, and lecA biofilm-encoding genes were detected by PCR in biofilm-producing isolates of E. coli. Thirty-seven out of 90 E. coli isolates were found to be ST131 (41.1%), with 17 (56.7%) from cancer-affected children and 20 (33.3%) from children without cancer, respectively (P-value = 0.036). The frequency of antimicrobial resistance was higher in ST131 strains were compared to non-ST131 strains and when they were isolated from healthy children vs. those who had cancer. In contrast to non-ST131 isolates, ST131 isolates were more biofilm-producers. There was a significant difference between the percentage of biofilm producers between the 22 (100%) ST131-O16 isolates and the 13 (86.7%) ST131-O25b isolates (P-value = 0.04). Children with cancer are more likely than children without cancer to develop biofilm forming E. coli ST131, the latter having a higher profile of antibiotic resistance. Interestingly, E. coli ST131 isolates from non-cancer patients had higher levels of overall antibiotic resistance and while more E. coli ST131isolates from cancer patients formed biofilms.
Sleep-related breathing disorder in a Japanese occupational population and its association with hypertension—stratified analysis by obesity status
Authors: Inoue Minako , Sakata Satoko , Arima Hisatomi , Yamato Ikumi , Oishi Emi , Ibaraki Ai , Goto Kenichi , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) causes hypertension, and obesity has been highly associated with SRBD, which has become a serious health problem in young and middle-aged Japanese males. However, the relation between SRBD and hypertension considering the effects of obesity remains unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between SRBD and hypertension, with consideration for the effects of obesity, in Japanese occupational population. Using 3% oxygen desaturation index (3%ODI) obtained by simplified polysomnography (PSG), participants were classified into low (0 ≤ 3%ODI < 5), medium (5 ≤ 3%ODI < 15), and high (15 ≤ 3%ODI) 3%ODI groups. We excluded employees who had not undergone medical examination with simplified PSG in the same year from 2012 to 2018. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios for having hypertension according to 3%ODI levels. In total, 2532 employees were included. Among them, 25% and 4% were categorized into the medium and high 3%ODI groups, respectively. The odds ratio for hypertension increased significantly with higher 3%ODI levels after adjustment for age, sex, alcohol drinking status and smoking status (p for trend < 0.0001). However, further adjustment for obesity status (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) attenuated the associations. When we performed the stratified analysis by obesity status, the odds ratio for hypertension increased significantly with higher 3%ODI only for non-obese individuals, with significant interaction (p for interaction = 0.014). Higher 3%ODI was significantly associated with higher prevalence of hypertension especially in non-obese participants, suggesting the importance of vigilance for the presence of SRBD even in non-obese individuals.
Conserved signatures of the canine faecal microbiome are associated with metronidazole treatment and recovery
Authors: Marshall-Jones Zoe V. , Patel Krusha V. , Castillo-Fernandez Juan , Lonsdale Zoe N. , Haydock Richard , Staunton Ruth , Amos Gregory C. A. , Watson Phillip 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is recognised as one of the biggest global threats to human and animal health. Understanding the influence of antibiotics on the canine microbiome is important to know the potential mid-to-long term effects on dysbiosis and mitigate side-effects such as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In this study, metronidazole was prescribed to 22 dogs for suspected giardiasis after exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea and/or vomiting. Faecal samples were collected before, during seven days of treatment, and six months post-cessation. Faecal microbiota was assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. Shannon diversity was reduced for up to three days after the treatment ended, and an altered community persisted for four to six weeks. All dogs recovered to a similar microbiome composition as pre-treatment. Immediately after receiving metronidazole, an increase in the relative abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus was observed. This may be due to antibiotic resistance commonly exhibited by these organisms. One-to-two weeks post-cessation, several other genera that were sensitive to the antibiotic recovered in abundances, with taxa belonging to the Erysipelotrichaceae family particularly driving composition change. Many of the bacteria initially reduced were associated with carbohydrate fermentation. This suggests scope exists to explore interventions to augment gastrointestinal health and support the re-establishment of the microbiome.
Revealing process and material parameter effects on densification via phase-field studies
Authors: Seiz Marco , Hierl Henrik , Nestler Britta , Rheinheimer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSintering is an important processing step in both ceramics and metals processing. The microstructure resulting from this process determines many materials properties of interest. Hence the accurate prediction of the microstructure, depending on processing and materials parameters, is of great importance. The phase-field method offers a way of predicting this microstructural evolution on a mesoscopic scale. The present paper employs this method to investigate concurrent densification and grain growth and the influence of stress on densification. Furthermore, the method is applied to simulate the entire freeze-casting process chain for the first time ever by simulating the freezing and sintering processes separately and passing the frozen microstructure to the present sintering model.
A GAN-based anomaly detector using multi-feature fusion and selection
Authors: Dai Huafeng , Wang Jyunrong , Zhong Quan , Chen Taogen , Liu Hao , Zhang Xuegang , Lu Rongsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn numerous applications, abnormal samples are hard to collect, limiting the use of well-established supervised learning methods. GAN-based models which trained in an unsupervised and single feature set manner have been proposed by simultaneously considering the reconstruction error and the latent space deviation between normal samples and abnormal samples. However, the ability to capture the input distribution of each feature set is limited. Hence, we propose an unsupervised and multi-feature model, Wave-GANomaly, trained only on normal samples to learn the distribution of these normal samples. The model predicts whether a given sample is normal or not by its deviation from the distribution of normal samples. Wave-GANomaly fuses and selects from the wave-based features extracted by the WaveBlock module and the convolution-based features. The WaveBlock has proven to efficiently improve the performance on image classification, object detection, and segmentation tasks. As a result, Wave-GANomaly achieves the best average area under the curve (AUC) on the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)-10 dataset (94.3%) and on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset (91.0%) when compared to existing state-of-the-art anomaly detectors such as GANomaly, Skip-GANomaly, and the skip-attention generative adversarial network (SAGAN). We further verify our method by the self-curated real-world dataset, the result show that our method is better than GANomaly which only use single feature set for training the model.
Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces DNA double-strand breaks and activates DNA damage response pathway in host epithelial cells
Authors: Gonzáles-Córdova Raul Alexander , dos Santos Thamires Rossi , Gachet-Castro Camila , Andrade Vieira Johnathan , Trajano-Silva Lays Adrianne Mendonça , Sakamoto-Hojo Elza Tiemi , Baqui Munira Muhammad Abdel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, invades many cell types affecting numerous host-signalling pathways. During the T. cruzi infection, we demonstrated modulations in the host RNA polymerase II activity with the downregulation of ribonucleoproteins affecting host transcription and splicing machinery. These alterations could be a result of the initial damage to the host DNA caused by the presence of the parasite, however, the mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we examined whether infection by T. cruzi coincided with enhanced DNA damage in the host cell. We studied the engagement of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways at the different time points (0–24 h post-infection, hpi) by T. cruzi in LLC-MK2 cells. In response to double-strand breaks (DSB), maximum phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX is observed at 2hpi and promotes recruitment of the DDR p53-binding protein (53BP1). During T. cruzi infection, Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) and DNA-PK protein kinases remained active in a time-dependent manner and played roles in regulating the host response to DSB. The host DNA lesions caused by the infection are likely orchestrated by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to maintain the host genome integrity.
Highly stable and antifungal properties on the oilseed rape of Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 nanoflakes prepared by simple aqueous precipitation
Authors: Xu Zhao , Lisha Xu , Yi Liu , Yunjun Mei , Luocheng Chen , Anqi Zheng , Kuibo Yin , Xiaolu Xiao , Shaozhen Li , Xuecheng Sun , Yifu Zhang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the last few decades, nanoparticles have been a prominent topic in various fields, particularly in agriculture, due to their unique physicochemical properties. Herein, molybdenum copper lindgrenite Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 (CM) nanoflakes (NFs) are synthesized by a one-step reaction involving α-MoO3 and CuCO3⋅Cu(OH)2⋅xH2O solution at low temperature for large scale industrial production and developed as an effective antifungal agent for the oilseed rape. This synthetic method demonstrates great potential for industrial applications. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that CM samples exhibit a pure monoclinic structure. TG and DSC results show the thermal stable properties. It can undergo a phase transition form copper molybdate (Cu3Mo2O9) at about 300 °C. Then Cu3Mo2O9 nanoparticles decompose into at CuO and MoO3 at 791 °C. The morphology of CM powder is mainly composed of uniformly distributed parallelogram-shaped nanoflakes with an average thickness of about 30 nm. Moreover, the binding energy of CM NFs is measured to be 2.8 eV. To assess the antifungal properties of these materials, both laboratory and outdoor experiments are conducted. In the pour plate test, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CM NFs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is determined to be 100 ppm, and the zone of inhibiting S. sclerotiorum is 14 mm. When the concentration is above 100 nm, the change rate of the hyphae circle slows down a little and begins to decrease until to 200 ppm. According to the aforementioned findings, the antifungal effects of a nano CM NFs solution are assessed at different concentrations (0 ppm (clear water), 40 ppm, and 80 ppm) on the growth of oilseed rape in an outdoor setting. The results indicate that the application of CM NFs led to significant inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Specifically, when the nano CM solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage at a concentration of 80 ppm, S. sclerotiorum growth was inhibited by approximately 34%. Similarly, when the solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage and once at the rape pod stage, using a concentration of 40 ppm, a similar level of inhibition was achieved. These outcomes show that CM NFs possess the ability to bind with more metal ions due to their larger specific surface area. Additionally, their semiconductor physical properties enable the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, CM NFs hold great potential for widespread application in antifungal products.
A chronic pro-inflammatory environment contributes to the physiopathology of actinic lentigines
Authors: Duval Christine , Bourreau Emilie , Warrick Emilie , Bastien Philippe , Nouveau Stéphanie , Bernerd Françoise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActinic lentigines (AL) or age spots, are skin hyperpigmented lesions associated with age and chronic sun exposure. To better understand the physiopathology of AL, we have characterized the inflammation response in AL of European and Japanese volunteers. Gene expression profile showed that in both populations, 10% of the modulated genes in AL versus adjacent non lesional skin (NL), i.e. 31 genes, are associated with inflammation/immune process. A pro-inflammatory environment in AL is strongly suggested by the activation of the arachidonic acid cascade and the plasmin pathway leading to prostaglandin production, along with the decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the identification of inflammatory upstream regulators. Furthermore, in line with the over-expression of genes associated with the recruitment and activation of immune cells, immunostaining on skin sections revealed a significant infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD4+ T-cells in the dermis of AL. Strikingly, investigation of infiltrated macrophage subsets evidenced a significant increase of pro-inflammatory CD80+/CD68+ M1 macrophages in AL compared to NL. In conclusion, a chronic inflammation, sustained by pro-inflammatory mediators and infiltration of immune cells, particularly pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, takes place in AL. This pro-inflammatory loop should be thus broken to normalize skin and improve the efficacy of age spot treatment.
The minimum energy required to build a cell
Authors: Ortega-Arzola Edwin , Higgins Peter M. , Cockell Charles S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the energy requirements for cell synthesis accurately and comprehensively has been a longstanding challenge. We introduce a computational model that estimates the minimum energy necessary to build any cell from its constituent parts. This method combines omics and internal cell compositions from various sources to calculate the Gibbs Free Energy of biosynthesis independently of specific metabolic pathways. Our public tool, Synercell, can be used with other models for minumum species-specific energy estimations in any well-sequenced species. The energy for synthesising the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and lipid bilayer of four cell types: Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an average mammalian cell and JCVI-syn3A were estimated. Their modelled minimum synthesis energies at 298 K were $$9.54\times 10^{-11}$$

9.54
×

10

-
11

J/cell, $$4.99\times 10^{-9}$$

4.99
×

10

-
9

J/cell, $$3.71\times 10^{-7}$$

3.71
×

10

-
7

J/cell and $$3.69\times 10^{-12}$$

3.69
×

10

-
12

respectively. Gram-for-gram synthesis of lipid bilayers requires the most energy, followed by the proteome, genome, and transcriptome. The average per gram cost of biomass synthesis is in the 300s of J/g for all four cells. Implications for the generalisability of cell construction and applications to biogeosciences, cellular biology, biotechnology, and astrobiology are discussed.
Network topology mapping of chemical compounds space
Authors: Tsekenis Georgios , Cimini Giulio , Kalafatis Marinos , Giacometti Achille , Gili Tommaso , Caldarelli Guido 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe define bipartite and monopartite relational networks of chemical elements and compounds using two different datasets of inorganic chemical and material compounds, as well as study their topology. We discover that the connectivity between elements and compounds is distributed exponentially for materials, and with a fat tail for chemicals. Compounds networks show similar distribution of degrees, and feature a highly-connected club due to oxygen . Chemical compounds networks appear more modular than material ones, while the communities detected reveal different dominant elements specific to the topology. We successfully reproduce the connectivity of the empirical chemicals and materials networks by using a family of fitness models, where the fitness values are derived from the abundances of the elements in the aggregate compound data. Our results pave the way towards a relational network-based understanding of the inherent complexity of the vast chemical knowledge atlas, and our methodology can be applied to other systems with the ingredient-composite structure.