bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
J(F,H), J(C,H) and J(H,H) couplings involving the individual methyl group protons in 1,2,3,4‐tetrachloro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrafluoro‐9‐methyltriptycene. Evidence of blue‐shifting hydrogen bond
Authors: Czerski I. , Kamieńska‐Trela K. , Koźmiński W. , Ratajczyk T. , Szymański S. , Wójcik J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract1,2,3,4‐tetrachloro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrafluoro‐9‐methyltriptycene was studied in NMR spectra at low temperatures where the methyl group dynamics is frozen. Values of 5J(19F,1H), 1J(13C,1H), and 2J(1H,1H) for the individual methyl protons were measured. They are in a fair agreement with the corresponding theoretical values calculated at a density functional theory (DFT) level. The 5J(19F,1H) couplings involve the peri‐F nucleus and occur via the ‘through space’ mechanism. Both the natural bond orbital analysis (at a HF level) and the observed pattern of 1J(13C,1H) coupling values corroborate occurrence in this molecule of intramolecular, blue‐shifting hydrogen bonds engaging the methyl hydrogens. The ‘through space’ 5J(19F,1H) couplings may indicate the routes of electron density transfers that escape detection by the natural bond analysis. A consideration of these effects can enrich the chemical intuition involving this specific sort of H‐bonds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
14N NQR study of nicotinamide and related compounds
Authors: Seliger J. , Žagar V. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract14N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies have been measured in picolinamide, nicotinamide, isonicotinamide, 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxamide, and acetamide by double resonance. The 14N NQR spectra in picolinamide, nicotinamide, isonicotinamide, and 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxamide show the presence of two distinct nitrogen positions: the ring position with the quadrupole coupling constant about 4,5 MHz and the amide position with the quadrupole coupling constant about 2.6 MHz. The NQR data are related to the structure of the investigated compounds and to the NH···O hydrogen bonds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Varying kernel‐extent gridding reconstruction for undersampled variable‐density spirals
Authors: Çukur Tolga , Santos Juan M. , Nishimura Dwight G. , Pauly John M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNonuniform, non‐Cartesian k‐space trajectories enable fast scanning with reduced motion and flow artifacts. In such cases, the data are usually convolved with a kernel and resampled onto a Cartesian grid before reconstruction. For trajectories such as undersampled variable‐density spirals, the mainlobe width of the kernel for undersampled high spatial frequencies has to be larger to limit the amount of aliasing energy. Continuously varying the kernel extent is time consuming. By dividing k‐space into several annuli and using appropriate mainlobe widths for each, the aliasing energy and noise can be reduced at the expense of lower resolution towards the edge of the field of view (FOV). Resolution can instead be preserved at the center of the FOV, which is expected to be free of artifacts, without any artifact reduction. The image reconstructed from each annulus can be deapodized separately. The method can be applied to most k‐space trajectories used in MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the effectiveness of saturation pulses in the heart at 3T
Authors: Kim Daniel , Gonen Oded , Oesingmann Niels , Axel Leon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCardiac MRI at 3T provides a means to increase the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) for first‐pass perfusion MRI. However, both the static magnetic field (B0) and radio frequency (RF) field (B1) variations within the heart are comparatively higher at 3T than at 1.5T. The increased field variations can degrade the performance of a single rectangular saturation pulse that is conventionally used for magnetization preparation. The accuracy of T1‐weighted signal measurement depends on the uniformity of the magnetization saturation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of the rectangular, pulse train, and adiabatic composite (BIR‐4) saturation pulses in the human heart at 3T. In volunteers, after nominal saturation, the mean residual magnetization within the left ventricle (LV) was different between all three pulses (0.13 ± 0.06 vs. 0.03 ± 0.02 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01, respectively; P < 0.001). Within paired groups, the mean residual magnetization was significantly higher for the rectangular pulse than for either the pulse train and BIR‐4 pulses (P < 0.001), but not different between the pulse train and BIR‐4 pulses. The performances of all three saturation pulses were comparatively poorer in the right ventricle (RV) than in the LV, respectively. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor metrics, T2 relaxation, and volumetry of the naturally aging human caudate nuclei in healthy young and middle‐aged adults: Possible implications for the neurobiology of human brain aging and disease
Authors: Hasan Khader M. , Halphen Christopher , Boska Michael D. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study of a cohort of 33 young and middle‐age adults (19–59 years) we report simultaneous measurements of normal age‐related changes in the caudate nuclei volume, diffusion tensor metrics, and T2 relaxation time. Both the absolute caudate volume and its ratio relative to the total intracranial volume decreased rapidly with age in both men and women (r = −0.55; P < 0.001). The fractional diffusion tensor anisotropy of the caudate nuclei increased with age in both males and females (r = 0.48; P = 0.005). The corresponding age correlations of the caudate axial (r = 0.17; P = 0.35), transverse (r = −0.12; P = 0.50), mean diffusivities (r = 0.018; P = 0.92), and T2 relaxation times (r = 0.194; P = 0.28) were weaker and did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Our preliminary findings warrant further studies on the older and aging adults and indicate that caudate diffusion tensor imaging‐derived metrics can be used as surrogates in modeling the neuronal substrates of gray matter atrophy. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging periodic currents using alternating balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Buračas Giedrius T. , Liu Thomas T. , Buxton Richard B. , Frank Lawrence R. , Wong Eric C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExisting functional brain MR imaging methods detect neuronal activity only indirectly via a surrogate signal such as deoxyhemoglobin concentration in the vascular bed of cerebral parenchyma. It has been recently proposed that neuronal currents may be measurable directly using MRI (ncMRI). However, limited success has been reported in neuronal current detection studies that used standard gradient or spin echo pulse sequences. The balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence is unique in that it can afford the highest known SNR efficiency and is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations in free precession phase. It is reported herein that when a spin phase‐perturbing periodic current is locked to an RF pulse train, phase perturbations are accumulated across multiple RF excitations and the spin magnetization reaches an alternating balanced steady state (ABSS) that effectively amplifies the phase perturbations due to the current. The alternation of the ABSS signal therefore is highly sensitive to weak periodic currents. Current phantom experiments employing ABSS imaging resulted in detection of magnetic field variations as small as 0.15nT in scans lasting for 36 sec, which is more sensitive than using gradient‐recalled echo imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the fetal brain in vivo
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyun , Chung SungWon , Vigneron Daniel B. , Barkovich A. James , Glenn Orit A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method of performing diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the fetal brain in utero is proposed. The major difficulty of performing diffusion imaging in utero is the presence of motion. By modifying conventional single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar DWI with a short repetition time sequence, a sequence that performs DWI and DTI within a breath‐hold of the mother (13 sec and 18 sec, respectively) was devised. T1 weighting caused by the use of short repetition times is compensated by interspersing diffusion imaging with additional b=0 image acquisitions. In utero fetal brain DWI and DTI were performed using this sequence. Quantitative analysis revealed minimal differences in the obtained apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; directionally averaged ADC) values when using this sequence. The method can be readily implemented in a clinical setting and is especially useful when scanning mothers who cannot tolerate lengthier breath‐holds. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hennell Sheena , Luqmani Raashid 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective: To develop an evidence based guideline, for the multidisciplinary management of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Recommendations were developed using both an evidence‐based approach and expert opinion. The scientific committee, composed of key members of the rheumatology multidisciplinary team used a Delphi approach to evaluate topics and standard statements, which formed the basis for developing recommendations for management of RA in the first 2 years of disease. Evidence taken from literature was used to support these recommendations.Results: 24 evidence based recommendations for the management of early RA, with a grade of recommendation from A to C, were developed. In addition an algorithm of care was designed to promote a clear multidisciplinary management pathway. A mechanism for audit was also identified.Conclusion: Involvement of the multidisciplinary rheumatology team has enabled a holistic guideline to be developed for the management of patients presenting with early RA. This guideline is based around best practice that is supported by published literature. Whilst most statements in the guideline are based on strong evidence, others have been formulated by expert consensus in the absence of data and should serve as an opportunity to improve current practice through future research and audit. The development and implementation of such a guideline should improve the care of patients with early RA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of the proteins regulated by HrpB from the plant pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia glumae
Authors: Kang Yongsung , Kim Jinwoo , Kim Suhyun , Kim Hongsup , Lim Jae Yun , Kim Minkyun , Kwak Jangyul , Moon Jae Sun , Hwang Ingyu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPlant pathogenic bacteria transfer effector proteins into plant cells via the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III protein secretion system (T3SS) during infection. The genes encoding the Hrp T3SS are expressed only under plant apoplast‐mimicking conditions in an AraC‐type transcriptional activator HrpB‐dependent manner. To identify the proteins controlled by HrpB in Burkholderia glumae in vitro, we constitutively expressed hrpB and analyzed the proteins showing altered expression using 2‐DE and ESI‐MS/MS. Among 46 proteins exhibiting consistently altered expression, which were encoded by 34 different genes, 34 were secretory proteins and 12 were cytoplasmic. Twenty‐eight of the secreted proteins showed increased accumulation, whereas the other six showed decreased accumulation. None of the HrpB‐dependent proteins had significant homology to known T3SS‐dependent proteins, except for HrpK from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and two T3SS‐associated cytoplasmic proteins from Ralstonia solanacearum. Twenty‐one of the 34 genes had putative HrpB‐binding sequences in their upstream regulatory regions. Secretion of all 34 extracellular proteins was independent of the Hrp T3SS, and 16 were secreted via a type II protein secretion system (T2SS). Mutants lacking the T2SS or Hrp T3SS produced toxoflavin but were less virulent to rice panicles, indicating the importance of these proteins in pathogenicity.
Elastic image registration of 2‐D gels for differential and repeatability studies
Authors: Sorzano Carlos O. S. , Arganda‐Carreras Ignacio , Thévenaz Philippe , Beloso Ana , Morales Gracia , Valdés Israel , Pérez‐García Carmen , Castillo Carmen , Garrido Elisa , Unser Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOne of the main applications of electrophoretic 2‐D gels is the analysis of differential responses between different conditions. For this reason, specific spots are present in one of the images, but not in the other. In some other occasions, the same experiment is repeated between 2 and 12 times in order to increase statistical significance. In both situations, one of the major difficulties of these analysis is that 2‐D gels are affected by spatial distortions due to run‐time differences and dye‐front deformations, resulting in images that are significantly dissimilar not only because of their content, but also because of their geometry. In this technical brief, we show how to use free, state‐of‐the‐art image registration and fusion algorithms developed by us for solving the problem of comparing differential expression profiles, or computing an “average” image from a series of virtually identical gels.
Interventions to improve recall of medical information in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: van der Meulen Nienke , Jansen Jesse , van Dulmen Sandra , Bensing Jozien , van Weert Julia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis systematic review investigates which interventions are effective to improve recall of medical information in cancer patients. A literature research was done in PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library, following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed independently by two reviewers. The results were synthesized with a Best Evidence Synthesis. Of initially 5173 found publications, 10 met all selection criteria. The results indicate that an audiotape of the patients' own consultation has added value upon oral information only. However, providing patients with a general audiotape does not improve recall of information and might even inhibit patients' recall. Furthermore, there is scientific evidence, although limited, that the use of a question prompt sheet (QPS) has a positive effect on recall of information, provided that the physician actively endorses this sheet. No evidence was found for an effect of providing patients with a summary letter of the consultation on recall, although research on this subject is scarce. In conclusion, the review suggests that interventions that are tailored to the individual cancer patient, such as an audiotape of the consultation or a QPS, are most effective. Further research needs to be done to establish robust results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐week Short‐Term Life Review interview can improve spiritual well‐being of terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Morita Tatsuya , Okamoto Takuya , Ninosaka Yasuyoshi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurpose: The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the Short‐Term Life Review on the spiritual well‐being, as well as anxiety, depression, suffering, and happiness of terminally ill cancer patients.Method: Thirty patients reviewed their lives in the first session and they confirmed the contents in the album based on the life review in the second session. Duration of the treatment was one week. Measurement instruments included Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual (FACIT‐Sp), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Numeric Rating Scales of Suffering (from 0 to 6) and Happiness (from 1 to 7).Results: After the therapy, the mean FACIT‐Sp scores increased from 16±8.2 to 24±7.1, anxiety score significantly decreased from 6.8±4.7 to 3.0±2.2, depression score significantly decreased from 10.2±4.7 to 6.6±4.1, suffering score significantly decreased from 3.4±1.9 to 1.8±1.4, and happiness score significantly increased from 4.6±1.9 to 5.6±1.6. Total HADS scores significantly decreased from 17±8.6 to 9.5±5.4.Conclusion: The Short‐Term Life Review is feasible and may be effective in improving the spiritual and psychosocial well‐being of terminally ill cancer patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do patients with schizophrenia receive state‐of‐the‐art lung cancer therapy? A brief report
Authors: Mateen Farrah J. , Jatoi Aminah , Lineberry Timothy W. , Aranguren Dawn , Creagan Edward T. , Croghan Gary A. , Jett James R. , Marks Randolph S. , Molina Julian R. , Richardson Ronald L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective: Patients with schizophrenia sometimes receive substandard medical care. This study explored such disparities among lung cancer patients with underlying schizophrenia.Methods: This retrospective study focused on patients with pre‐existing schizophrenia (or in some instances schizoaffective disorder) and a lung cancer diagnosis made between 1980 and 2004. ‘Disparity’ was defined as a patient's having been prescribed less aggressive therapy for a potentially curable cancer based on state‐of‐the‐art treatment standards for the time and for the cancer stage. Qualitative methods were used to assess healthcare providers' decision‐making.Results: 29 patients were included. The median age was 59 years; 38% were men. Twenty‐three had non‐small cell lung cancer and 6 small cell lung cancer; 17 had potentially curable cancers. Five of 17 had a ‘disparity’ in cancer care: (1) no cancer therapy was prescribed because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; (2) no cancer therapy was prescribed because of infection; (3) no chemotherapy was prescribed because the patient declined it; radiation was provided; (4) no chemotherapy was prescribed because of the patient's schizophrenia symptoms; radiation was administered; and (5) no surgery was performed because of disorientation from a lobotomy; radiation was prescribed. Comments from healthcare providers suggest reflection and ethical adjudication in decision‐making.Conclusion: Schizophrenia was never the sole reason for no cancer treatment in patients with potentially curable lung cancer. This study provides the impetus for others to begin to assess the effect of schizophrenia on lung cancer management in other healthcare settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Black hole attractors and the entropy function in four‐ and five‐dimensionalN= 2 supergravity
Authors: Perz J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this overview of selected aspects of the black hole attractor mechanism, after introducing the necessary foundations, we examine the relationship between two ways to describe the attractor phenomenon in four‐dimensionalN= 2 supergravity: the entropy function and the black hole potential. We also exemplify their practical application to finding solutions to the attractor equations for a conifold prepotential. Next we describe an extension of the original definition of the entropy function to a class of rotating black holes in five‐dimensionalN= 2 supergravity based on cubic polynomials, exploiting a connection between four‐ and five‐dimensional black holes. This link allows further the derivation of five‐dimensional first‐order differential flow equations governing the profile of the fields from infinity to the event horizon and construction of non‐supersymmetric interpolating solutions in four dimensions by dimensional reduction. Finally, since four‐dimensional extremal black holes inN= 2 supergravity can be viewed as certain two‐dimensional string compactifications with fluxes, we discuss implications of the conifold example in the context of the entropic principle, which postulates as a probability measure on the space of these string compactifications the exponentiated entropy of the corresponding black holes.
Microwave‐assisted Boc‐solid phase peptide synthesis of cyclic cysteine‐rich peptides
Authors: Čemažar Maša , Craik David J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study we describe the first protocols for the synthesis of cystine‐rich peptides in the presence of microwave radiation with Boc‐solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). This method is exemplified for macrocyclic peptides known as cyclotides, which comprise ∼30 amino acids and incorporate a cystine knot arrangement of their three disulfide bonds. However, the method is broadly applicable for a wide range of peptides using Boc‐SPPS, especially for SPPS of large peptides via native chemical ligation. Microwave radiation produces peptides in high yield and with high purity, and we were able to reduce the time for the assembly of ∼30 mer peptide chains to an overnight reaction in the automated microwave‐assisted synthesis. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐field transport in semiconductors by transmission formalism
Authors: Natori K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHigh field transport in semiconductor is investigated by the transmission‐reflection formalism. One‐dimensional Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is solved, without resorting to the relaxation time approximation as well as to the perturbation expansion. In case of elastic scattering without energy relaxation, the current density is proportional to square root of the electric field for a wide range of field. By inclusion of the energy relaxation due to the optical phonon emission, the current density restored the proportionality to electric field, and showed a tendency of saturation in high‐field. The saturation in the high‐field is concluded to be due to the ballistic transmission of carriers through a specific layer located at the beginning of channel. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation of the second‐nearest‐neighbor Bloch oscillation in a GaAs/AlAs superlattice
Authors: Hasegawa T. , Mizoguchi K. , Nakayama M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have systematically investigated the quantum beat of the miniband excitons and the Bloch oscillation in the Wannier‐Stark (WS) localization as a function of applied bias voltage in a GaAs (6.8 nm)/AlAs (0.9 nm) superlattice embedded in a p ‐i ‐n diode structure. The coherent dynamics behaviors were detected with a reflection‐type pump‐probe technique. We clearly observed the transformation process from the miniband‐exciton quantum beat to the Bloch oscillation with an increase in applied bias voltage producing an internal electric field. The noteworthy finding is the fact that the Bloch oscillation with the frequency of vBO = 2eFD /h appears in a weak localization regime in addition to the usual Bloch oscillation with vBO = eFD /h in a strong localization regime, where F is the electric field, and D is the superlattice period. The frequency of 2eFD /h indicates that the newly observed Bloch oscillation is due to the wave‐packet motion in the second‐nearest‐neighbor space range. The results described above are explained by the electric‐field‐strength dependence of the envelope‐function localization, which is estimated from the envelope‐function profile calculated by a transfer‐matrix method and the excitonic transitions observed by electroreflectance spectroscopy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrafast dynamics of plasmon‐phonon coupling: Estimation of electron mobility in GaAs
Authors: Hase Muneaki 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUtilizing a femtosecond pump‐probe technique, ultrafast relaxation of plasmon‐like LO phonon‐plasmon coupled (LOPC) modes is studied. The time‐resolved reflectivity change exhibits strong mode beating between the LO phonon and the lower branch of the LOPC modes. It is revealed that the decay of the upper branch (or plasmon‐like mode) of the coupled modes is very rapid in time‐frequency space, explored by using wavelet analysis. The decay time of the plasmon‐like LOPC mode, which corresponds to the relaxation time τ, is obtained to be ∼ 79 fs and this time constant enables us to extract the electron mobility μ to be 2074 ± 200 cm2/Vs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)