bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of maladaptive appraisals in child acute stress reactions
Authors: Salmon Karen , Sinclair Emma , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: May 2007

Objective To test the prediction of cognitive models of trauma that negative, catastrophic appraisals central to the development of psychopathological stress reactions.Design A cross‐sectional, concurrent design was used.Methods Sixty‐six children (aged 7–13 years), who were hospitalized after traumatic injury were assessed within 4 weeks of their trauma for acute stress disorder, depression, and administered the Child Post‐traumatic Cognitions Inventory (cPTCI). Parental acute stress was also assessed.Results Children's negative appraisals of their ongoing vulnerability accounted for 44% of the variance of acute stress reactions in children. Injury severity, depression, age, and parental acute stress levels did not account for significant additional variance.Conclusions The findings provide support for cognitive models of trauma adaptation and highlight the importance of assessing children's appraisals of their traumatic experience in order to develop effective interventions.
Relationships between the personality beliefs questionnaire and self‐rated personality disorders
Authors: Jones Steven H. , Burrell‐Hodgson Gerrard , Tate Graham 
Published: May 2007

Objectives To examine relationships between specific dysfunctional beliefs and self‐reported personality disorder types.Design Cross‐sectional.Method One hundred and sixty‐four clinical psychology out‐patients completed the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) and Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory‐III (MCMI‐III): 155 completed both. Avoidant, dependent, passive‐aggressive and schizoid PDs, and relevant PBQ subscales were studied.Results Presence or absence of PD was predicted by scores on the index PBQ subscale.Conclusions This pattern has previously been reported for PDs diagnosed by structured interview only. PBQ relationships with passive‐aggressive and schizoid PD have not previously been reported.
Low specificity of symptoms on the post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom scale: A comparison of individuals with PTSD, individuals with other anxiety disorders and individuals without psychopathology
Authors: Engelhard Iris M. , Arntz Arnoud , Van den Hout Marcel A. 
Published: May 2007

Objectives Screening for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) takes place in clinical and research settings where diagnostic interviews are not feasible, and typically relies on self‐report instruments like the PTSD symptom scale (PSS). Concerns have been raised about the specificity of PTSD symptoms assessed by questionnaires. This study examined whether the PSS distinguishes between patients with PTSD and those with other anxiety disorders or healthy controls.Design A between‐participants design was employed.Methods The participants were 65 individuals with PTSD, 40 individuals with other anxiety disorders and 40 healthy controls. They completed the PSS with respect to a range of stressful life‐events.Results Using this instrument, 86% of individuals with PTSD and 5% of healthy controls endorsed sufficient symptoms to meet the PTSD diagnosis. This was also the case for 43% of individuals with other anxiety disorders, and self‐reported symptoms related to traumatic events and aversive events that are generally not considered traumatic.Conclusions The findings suggest that many people screened positive for PTSD may actually be suffering from another anxiety disorder.
Fidgetin-Like 1 Gene Inhibited by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts
Authors: Park Su Jin , Kim Su Jin , Rhee Yumie , Byun Ji Hyun , Kim Seong Hwan , Kim Myoung Hee , Lee Eun Jig , Lim Sung-Kil 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The FIGNL1 gene was proven to be a new subfamily member of ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA proteins). In this in vitro study, the AAA proteins inhibited osteoblast proliferation and stimulated osteoblast differentiation. We showed that FIGNL1 may play some regulatory role in osteoblastogenesis.
Introduction: The fidgetin-like 1 (FIGNL1) gene encodes a new subfamily member of ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA proteins). Although the FIGNL1 protein localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, the function of FIGNL1 remains unknown. In a previous study, we identified several genes that mediate the anabolic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on bone by using microarray data. FIGNL1 was one of the genes that downregulated &gt;2-fold in MC3T3-E1 cells after treatment with bFGF. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify and confirm the function of FIGNL1 on osteoblastogenesis.
Materials and Methods: We examined the effect of the FIGNL1 gene on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in mouse osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1 and mouse primary calvarial cells) using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, cell proliferation assay, and cell death assay. MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse calvarial cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against the FIGNL1 or nontargeting control siRNA and examined by cell proliferation and cell death assays. Also, FIGNL1 was fused to enhance green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and the EGFP-fused protein was transiently expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Results: Reduced expression of FIGNL1 by bFGF and TGF-β1 treatment was verified by RT-PCR analysis. Overexpression of FIGNL1 reduced the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and calvarial cells, more than the mock transfected control cells did. In contrast, siFIGNL1 transfection significantly increased the proliferation of osteoblasts, whereas overexpression of FIGNL1 did not seem to alter apoptosis in osteoblasts. Meanwhile, overexpression of FIGNL1 enhanced the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in osteoblasts. In contrast, siFIGNL1 decreased the expression of ALP and OCN. A pEGFP-FIGNL1 transfected into MCT3-E1 cells had an initially ubiquitous distribution and rapidly translocated to the nucleus 1 h after bFGF treatment.
Conclusions: From these results, we proposed that FIGNL1, a subfamily member of the AAA family of proteins, might play some regulatory role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Further analyses of FIGNL1 will be needed to better delineate the mechanisms contributing to the inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation.
Common polymorphisms in the glyoxalase-1 gene and their association with pro-thrombotic factors
Authors: Gale Christopher P , Futers T. Simon , Summers Lucinda KM 
Published: May 2007

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) form at an accelerated rate in diabetes and contribute to the development of macrovascular disease. Their precursors are detoxified by the glyoxalase system. Perturbations of the glyoxalase-1 gene may alter AGEs' interactions and affect pro-thrombotic factors. We screened the glyoxalase-1 gene for mutations and measured pro-thrombotic markers in 537 subjects from 89 healthy probands. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at positions-7 (C to T) and 20203 (C to A) from the translation start site. These SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (CC=105, CA=266, AA=148; p>0.05; CC=126, CT=279, TT=114; p>0.05, respectively) and in linkage disequilibrium (D=27%, p<0.01), with mutant allele frequencies of 48% and 52% respectively. A significant association was found between SNPs at position 20203 and PAI-1 antigen concentrations and-7 and factor XIII A2B2 complex (p=0.001 and p=0.042). After Bonferroni correction a significant association remained between the SNP at 20203 and PAI-1 concentrations (p=0.005), and after adjustment for pedigree the association accounted for 1.3% of its heritability (p=0.04). No significant associations were found for SNP-7 T to C and factor VII activity, tPa concentrations, fibrinogen concentrations or factor XIII concentrations and SNP 20203 C to A and factor VII concentrations, PAI-1 concentrations, tPa concentrations or fibrinogen concentrations. Common variants in the glyoxalase-1 gene are associated with some pro-thrombotic factors, account for part of their heritability in healthy pedigrees and may alter susceptibility to macrovascular complications.
Pathobiology and cell interactions of platelets in diabetes
Authors: Stratmann Bernd , Tschoepe Diethelm 
Published: May 2007

Diabetes is a well-recognised risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and in fact most diabetic patients die from vascular complications. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) indicate a consistent relationship between hyperglycaemia and the incidence of chronic vascular complications in patients with diabetes. Platelets are essential for haemostasis, and abnormalities of platelet function may cause vascular disease in diabetes. Diabetic patients have hyperreactive platelets with exaggerated adhesion, aggregation and thrombin generation. In summary, the entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional in diabetes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological role of platelets in maintaining haemostasis and of the pathophysiological processes that contribute to platelet dysfunction in diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases, with special emphasis on proteomic approaches and leukocyte-platelet cross-talk.
Protein kinase C β inhibition: a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic microangiopathy
Authors: Idris Iskandar , Donnelly Richard 
Published: May 2007

Biochemical mechanisms involved in hyperglycaemia-induced vascular damage include alterations in cellular signalling by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Twelve isoforms of PKC have been characterised according to their structure and co-factor requirements. Activation of PKC is mediated primarily through increased release of diacylglycerol (DAG). Adverse effects of PKC and DAG on vascular function include increased permeability, endothelial cell activation, altered blood flow, leukocyte adhesion and abnormal growth factor signalling. A highly selective and orally active PKC-β isoform-selective inhibitor, ruboxistaurin, has been developed. Initial studies suggest that this agent decreased the development of sight-threatening macular oedema and the occurrence of visual loss. It did not, however, prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Metabolic syndrome, or What you will: definitions and epidemiology
Authors: Day Caroline 
Published: May 2007

The ‘metabolic syndrome’ is a clustering of risk factors which predispose an individual to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is general consensus regarding the main components of the syndrome (glucose intolerance, obesity, raised blood pressure and dyslipidaemia [elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol]) but different definitions require different cut points and have different mandatory inclusion criteria. Although insulin resistance is considered a major pathological influence, only the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) definitions include it amongst the diagnostic criteria and only the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition has waist circumference as a mandatory component. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome within individual cohorts varies with the definition used. Within each definition, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and varies with gender and ethnicity. There is a lack of diagnostic concordance between different definitions. Only about 30% of people could be given the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome using most definitions, and about 35-40% of people diagnosed with metabolic syndrome are only classified as such using one definition. There is currently debate regarding the validity of the term metabolic syndrome, but the presence of one cardiovascular risk factor should raise suspicion that additional risk factors may also be present and encourage investigation. Individual risk factors should be treated.
Two-week treatment with pravastatin improves ventriculo-vascular haemodynamic interactions in young men with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Casey Rowan G , Joyce Myles , Moore Kevin , Thompson Chris , Fitzgerald Patricia , Bouchier-Hayes David J 
Published: May 2007

Young patients with diabetes but without established vascular disease have altered conduit and resistance artery reactivity. Early endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in atherogenesis: reductions in nitric oxide (NO) production in these vascular beds are implicated. The study aim was two-fold: first, to detect baseline abnormalities in cardiac function, conduit vessels and the microcirculation using applanation tonometry, brachial artery ultrasound and laser Doppler fluximetry, respectively; and second, to investigate any modification in these parameters with the use of pravastatin. Nine young men with diabetes and normoalbuminuria were randomised in a double-blind cross-over fashion to placebo or pravastatin (40 mg) treatment for two weeks. They underwent scans on three separate occasions. Control patients (n=12) underwent a baseline scan but were not given any drug treatment. It was found that patients with diabetes had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and Buckberg index (propensity to myocardial ischaemia). Brachial artery reactivity and microcirculatory dilation were both reduced. Levels of von Willebrand Factor, a marker of endothelial damage, were also elevated. Pravastatin treatment restored these sub-clinical abnormalities towards normal levels. In conclusion, pravastatin improves vascular abnormalities in young male patients with diabetes through alterations in microcirculation and conduit vessel function, with secondary myocardial effects. This may be of benefit in preventing end-organ injury.
Intracoronary ultrasound examinations reveal significantly more advanced coronary atherosclerosis in people with type 1 diabetes than in age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls
Authors: Larsen Jakob R , Tsunoda Taro , Tuzcu E Murat , Schoenhagen Paul , Brekke Magne , Arnesen Harald , Hanssen Kristian F , Nissen Steven E , Dahl-Jorgensen Knut 
Published: May 2007

Aims/hypothesis: The extent of coronary atherosclerosis is significantly more advanced in symptomatic type 1 diabetes patients than in symptomatic non-diabetic patients. Whether this difference exists between asymptomatic individuals with diabetes and controls is not documented. In vivo imaging techniques allow quantification of the difference at a preclinical stage. Methods: The degree of coronary atherosclerosis in early onset type 1 diabetes patients without symptoms of cardiovascular disease was compared with that of age- and sex-matched controls. Intracoronary ultrasound (IVUS) examinations were performed to determine the degree of atherosclerosis. The mean age of the patients was 43 years (35–58), they had a mean duration of disease of 30 (23–39) years and the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was made at a mean age of 12.5 years. The controls were people with transplanted hearts; donors were sex- and age-matched and had a mean age of 43 (35–58) years. Results: The degree of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was significantly more severe in type 1 diabetes patients than in controls. This was the case for all parameters measured. The mean plaque area was ≥ 40% in 71% (54/76) of diabetic arteries as opposed to 33% (25/76) of arteries from controls (p<0.0001). The mean plaque thickness was 0.59±0.38 mm vs. 0.44±0.30mm in controls (p<0.0001). The mean lumen area was 8.6±3.8mm2 in type 1 diabetes and 12.1±4.3 mm2 in controls (p<0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation: Asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes have significantly more advanced sub-clinical coronary atherosclerosis than controls. Coronary atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes develops at an early age.
Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Diffraction Potentiality in the Field of Cultural Heritage: Simultaneous Structural and Elemental Analysis of Various Artefacts
Authors: Caponetti Eugenio , Caminiti Ruggero , Chillura Martino Delia , Saladino Maria Luisa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe applicability of an Energy Dispersive X‐ray Diffractometer to some technical questions in the field of Cultural Heritage is presented. This diffractometer, equipped with a white source, has been utilized for the structural and elemental analysis of some items having different nature. Given its design, the instrument allows to collect data from samples as big as a book or a little more. Samples, without collection of any portion and without any preliminary preparation, have been placed in the instrument and spectra have been collected in a wide energy range that contains X‐ray fluorescence and diffraction features. In all cases, data acquired in air and in a non destructive way were reliable and their collection was fast. Fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction information, when possible, have been compared with those obtained by XRF micro‐analysis and by an Angle Dispersive X‐ray Diffractometer equipped with a Cu X‐ray source. By using the last two techniques, data have been collected from small areas of the samples.
The Simultaneous Analysis of Proteins, Lipids, and Diterpenoid Resins Found in Cultural Objects.
Authors: Singer Brian , McGuigan Ross 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report a GC‐MS method for the simultaneous analysis of proteins oil, and diterpenoid resins found in cultural objects. The method was initially designed for protein analysis of protenaceous paints and adhesives and involves acid hydrolysis as the first step. The amino acids in the protein hydrolysates, thus obtained, are treated with propan‐1‐ol/ hydrogen chloride and then pentafluoropropionic anhydride. The procedure was found also to yield the propyl esters of fatty acids derived from lipids and diterpenoid acids derived from natural resins, and thus allows the choice of a single method for the analysis of artists media which contain either oil s or proteins or mixtures of both proteins and oils or even resins. Thus natural mixtures such as egg yolk and also mixtures made by the artist such as animal glue / seed oil emulsions can be analysed. Coupled with FTIR analysis of paints and the staining of cross sections, to indicate layer structure the method can help to elucidate the paints and adhesives used by artists.
The geometry of separation boundaries. II. Mathematical formalism
Authors: Lucia Angelo , Taylor Ross 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article is concerned with the mathematical proof that distillation boundaries correspond to locally longest residue curves. Perturbation theory and the implicit function theorem are used to provide an analytical relationship between neighboring trajectories while local congruence and a variety of limiting arguments are used to establish the relative distances between neighboring residue curves. The mathematical conditions on which this analysis is based include (1) The assumptions that trajectories are twice continuously differentiable and do not cross. (2) The comparison of neighboring trajectories that converge to the same stable node. (3) The existence and placement of a proper focal point. (4) Local congruence. While all of these assumptions and conditions are important, it is the existence and proper placement of a focal point and local congruence that are the keys to establishing relative distances between neighboring residue curves and, in turn, the main result that distillation boundaries are defined by locally longest trajectories from any unstable node to all reachable stable nodes. Wherever possible, geometric illustrations are used to clarify key concepts. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Variations in worker compensation claims by company—the potential for achieving a significant reduction in claims
Authors: Rosenman Kenneth D. , Kalush Alice , Reilly Mary Jo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of our study was to examine the potential reduction in paid worker compensation claims if the rate of claims were as low as the rates of the top companies in that industry category.MethodsUsing Michigan data for the years 1999–2001, we first excluded companies who had no paid worker compensation claims for wage replacement and then calculated the top 10th, 25th, and 50th percentile rates of paid worker compensation claims for wage replacement of all the remaining companies combined and by 2 digit SIC. The percent reduction was calculated separately for small (<20 employees) and large companies based on the differences in observed minus expected if all companies did as well as the top companies in their industry grouping.ResultsFifty‐nine percent of large companies and 90% of small companies had no paid worker compensation claims for wage replacement over the 3‐year period. Controlling for industry type there would have been 91,504 fewer paid workers' compensation claims if all companies with at least one claim did as well as the 10th percentile or better as the companies in their industry grouping. Reductions were found across all industries and for both small and large companies.ConclusionVariations in worker compensation claims between states are highlighted when legislators consider “reforms” to reduce workers' compensation costs. These reforms overlook the larger variation between companies within the same type of industry in the same state. Possible reasons for this variation between companies and its implication on reducing morbidity and health care costs are discussed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:415–420, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based association study of neuregulin‐1 gene and psychosis in a Spanish sample
Authors: Rosa Araceli , Gardner M. , Cuesta M.J. , Peralta V. , Fatjó‐Vilas M. , Miret S. , Navarro M.E. , Comas D. , Fañanás L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeuregulin 1 (NRG1) is one of the most exciting candidate genes for schizophrenia since its first association with the disorder in an Icelandic population. Since then, many studies have analyzed allele and haplotype frequencies in European and Asian populations in cases and controls yielding varying results. We investigated the association of NRG1 with psychosis in a total sample set of 575 individuals from 151 Spanish nuclear families. We tested eight SNPs across 1.2 Mb along NRG1 including regions previously associated to schizophrenia in association studies. After correction for multiple testing, the TDT analysis for each marker did not show a significant over‐transmission of alleles from the parents to the affected offspring for any of the markers (P > 0.05). The haplotypic analysis with TRANSMIT and PDT did not show preferential transmission for any of the haplotypes analyzed in our sample. These results do not seem to suggest that the investigated NRG1 markers play a role in schizophrenia in the Spanish population, although the finding of a trend for association with one SNP in the 3′of the gene warrants further investigation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.