bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LY ‐ AND ECOTROPIC MuLV ANTIGENS ARE SEPARTE ENTITIES
Authors: Langdon W. Y. , McKenzie I. F. C. , Shellam G.R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMurine alloantisera to lymphocyte (Ly) alloantigens also contain antibodies to murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) in high titre. A number of such sera were extensively absorbed with ecotropic AKR murine leukaemia virus to remove contaqiminating anti‐MuLV antibodies. The virus‐absorbed and unabsorbed antisera wre then examined by the radioimmune precipitation (RIP) assay for anti‐MuLV antibodies, and for anti‐Ly antibodies by cytotoxicity assays against specific target cells. The results presented here demonstrate that whilst virus absorption markdely reduced the anti‐viraql titres of the alloantisera they ahd no effect on the anti‐Ly titres of any of them. This indicated that none of the Ly antigens which was examined cross reacts with the antigens of ecotropic AKR‐MuLV and further suggest that Ly antigens are not encoded by the genes of endogenous ecotropic MuLVs. It was also demonstrated that the majority of the constaninating anti‐MuLV antibodies present in anti‐Ly‐6.2 proteins of the virus.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF FOUR SEQUENTIAL POLYPEPTIDES IN INBRED GUINEA‐PIGS AND THEIR RECOGNITION AT THE T LYMPHOCYTE AND ANTIBODY LEVELS
Authors: Zeiger A. R. , Maurer P. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFour sequential polypeptides containing equimolar amounts of tyrosine, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were shown to be T lymphocyte‐dependent immunogens in inbred guinea‐pigs. Poly (Glu‐Ala‐Tyr‐Gly) was immunogenic only in strain 2 guinea‐pigs; poly (Glu‐Tyr‐Ala‐Gly) and poly (Ala‐Tyr‐Glu‐Gly) were immunogenic only in strain 13 guinea‐pigs; and poly (Ala‐Glu‐Tyr‐Gly) was immunogenic in both inbred strains. The specificity of immune recognition was probed at the T lymphocyte and humoral levels with the heterologous polypepties. Only a few cases of heterologous cross‐stimulation or cross‐reaction were observed, indcating the great selectivity of immune recognition. The results showed considerable variability in immune recognition from animal to animal. Nevertheless, at the T‐cell level, cross‐stimulation appears to necessitate that the antigen is itself immunogenic in that strain, whereas at the antibody level, cross‐reaction is not similarly restricted. The structural basis for mutual recognition of immunogen and antigen at these levels is discussed.
SUPRAMOLECULAR RELATIONSHIPS OF MEMBRANE ANTIGENS ON THE MURINE THYMOCYTE
Authors: Lynes M. A. , Karl Margaret , DiBiase Kathleen , Flaherty Lorraine 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe topographical relationship of Thy‐1, Ly‐1, Ly‐2, and T200 were examined on the murine thymocyte. The inhibition of the binding of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody after incubation with unlabelled heterologous antibody was used as a measure of the proximity of the target antigens on the cell surface. On unfixed cells, prior incubation with anti‐Thy‐1.2 impeded the attachment of labelled anti‐Ly‐1, anti‐Ly‐2, and anti‐T200. Anti‐T200, but not anti‐Ly‐1, or anti‐Ly‐2, was capable of impeding the attachment of labelled anti‐Thy‐1.2 on unfixed cells. In general, gentle fixation with paraformaldehyde did not alter these inter‐relationships. The possible functional contributions of such supramolecular relationships are discussed.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Gm) ALLOTYPE FREQUENCIES IN PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS AND POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
Authors: Demaine A. G. , Vaughan R. W. , Behn A. R. , Myles A. B. , Panayi G. S. , Welsh K. I. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFifty‐five Caucasoid patients with polymalgia rheumatica (PMR) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) were immunoglobulin (Gm) allotyped for this study. Forty‐four of these patients had been previously HLA‐A,B,C and DR locus allotyped. The incidence of the immunoglobulin allotypic marker Glm(2) was significantly increased in the GCA group (50.00% v. controls 18.75%, P= <0.01). There was a similar but insignificant rise of this Gm marker in the PMR group (27.24% v. 18.75%, NS). The increase in Glm(2) in the GCA group was not accompanied by a corresponding rise in the number of people homozygous for Glm(2), i.e., all the increase could be attributed to patients with the Glm(1,2,3): G3m(5,10,21) phenotype.
PHENOTYPES OF THE FOURTH COMPLEMENT COMPONENT (C4) IN BLACK AMERICANS FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: Budowle B. , Roseman J. M. , Go R. C. P. , Louv W. , Barger* B. O. , Acton* R. T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYC4 is composed of two tightly linked genes (C4A and C4B) lying within the major histocompatibility complex of chromosome 6 that can be demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Seven alleles and five alleles at the C4A and C4B loci, respectively, were detected in 169 black individuals from the southeastern United States. Furthermore, the phenotypic frequencies of C4A6, C4A5, C4A4, C4B4, C4B3, and C4BQO were significantly different between black and white Americans.
HLA A*, B*‐BF* AND C4 A*, ALLELE ASSOCIATIONS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BF*S07, IN THE TUNISIAN POPULATION
Authors: Helal A. N. , Lefrance G. , Hauptmann G. , Goetz Joëlle , Tongio Marie‐Marthe , Davrinche C. , Rivat C. , Cavelier Brigitte , Chibani J. , Chaabani H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe HLA A*2, Bw*50‐BF*S07‐C4 A*2, B*l linkage group was transmitted unambiguously in four unrelated Tunisian families. In one of these, another allele association, also carrying BF*S07, HLA A*9, Bw*50‐BF* S07‐C4 A*1, B*1, was encountered. The previously reported linkage disequilibrium between BF*S07 and HLA Bw*50, a subtypic speficity of HLA Bw*21, is confirmed in our study. The C4 A*2, B*1, haplotype, rare in the other populations until now studied, seems more frequent in Tunisia since it has been also found linked to HLA A* 11, B*27 and BF*S in one of these familie. Other allele associations were unambiguously demonstrated with predominantly the C4 A*3, B*1 haplotype, particularly a rare HLA A*3, B*18‐BF* F1‐C4 A*3, B*1 linkage group. A silent gene at the C4 A locus was found linked to HLA B*.
FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE MONOCLONAL ANTIOBODY H8 DEMONSTRATING A JMH‐RELATED SPECIFICITY
Authors: Daniels G. L. , Knowles R. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe monoclonal antibody H8, previously described as anti‐JMH, has the same specificity as a JMH‐related antibody, R.M. H8 blocks the reaction of human anti‐JMH and related antibodies with JMH+ cells, suggesting that the JMH‐related antigens are very closely situated to each other on the red cell membrane.
GENETIC REGULATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS: SELECTION OF TWO RATS' LINES WITH RESPECTIVELY A HIGH OR LOW IgM SERUM LEVEL1
Authors: Bazin H. , Platteau Bernadette , Kints J. P. , Malache J. ‐M. , Pauwels R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo directional selections of rats for a high or a low IgM serum levels have been carried out. The criterium of selection was the individual merit of each rat in having a high or low IgM level when they were 3 months old. All animals were kept together, in order to avoid external influence on the IgM synthesis. The founding population was a mixed nucleus of rats, obtained by breeding of 13 different strains of inbred or outbred rats for two generations. Two lines, one with a high IgM serum level and another with a low IgM serum level, have been separated. At generation 10, they differed from each other by a coefficient of approximately four. These IgM serum levels were not due to differences in IgM catabolism of the two lines since both lines had similar IgM half‐lives. Analyses of the data obtained show that, for IgM synthesis, the coefficient of heritability varies between 0.30 to 0.40, and the number of `independent loci' controlling IgM synthesis ranges from 11 to 14.
MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST GERBICH ANTIGENS
Authors: Rouger, Ph. , Lee H. , Juszczak G. , Doinel C. , Edelman L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo murine monoclonal antibodies (E11‐1 and MR4‐130) agglutinated all samples of human red cells except those of the Ge (‐1, ‐2, ‐3) phenotype. It was possible to demonstrate that these antibodies recognize two different epitopes of the Gerbich antigen.
Gm ALLOTYPES IN SWEDISH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS PATIENTS
Authors: Smith C. I. E. , Grubb R. , Hammarström,and L. , Matell G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGm phenotype frequencies were examined in 112 Swedish myasthenia gravis patients. The G1m 1,2,3 phenotype frequency in the total patient material did not differ significantly from that found in the normal population. However, when patients were subdivided, three different patient groups were observed with regard to Gml frequency: (1) Thymoma patients having a low frequenc of Gm1, (2) Non‐thymoma patients with a mild disease having a low frequency of Gm1 and (3) Non‐thymoma patients with a severe disease having a high frequency of Gm1. When patients were subdivided according to presence or absence of HLA‐B8 and Gm1 respectively, severe symptoms were less frequent in the HLA‐B8+, Gm(‐1) group as compared to the HLA‐B8+, Gm(+1) group. Furthermore, there was an increased frequency of sera with anti‐immunoglobulins not inhibitable by pooled control immunoglobulins.
MONOCLONAL ANTI‐B PRODUCED BY THE IMMUNIZATION OF MICE WITH SOLUBLE SALIVARY GLYCOPROTEINS
Authors: Barrie, E. K. , Fraser, R. H. , Munro, A. C. , Williamson,* A. R. , Hamilton, E. A. , Mitchell, R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIgM and IgG mouse monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the blood group B determinant have been produced by immunization of mice with a partially purified salivary glycoprotein. These antibodies have been characterized and one of the IgM antibodies showed potential as a grouping reagent. The ready availability of these salivary blood group substances offers the potential to produce a wide range of related monoclonal antibodies.
THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX OF RHESUS MONKEYS, RhLA: XV. CHEMICAL CHARACTRIZATIONS OF DR LOCUS ANTIGENS AND ANTIGEN 48
Authors: Giphart, M. J. , Morolli, B. , Vreeswijk, W. Van , Gerets, R. , Balner H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYImmunoprecipitaon studies of the rhesus monkey major histocompatibility system have shown that the RhLA‐DR locus codes for class II antigens with molecular features that are homologous to the class II antigens coded for by the human HLA‐dR locus, The products of another alloantigenic RhLA‐linked locus of the rhesus monkey, called ‘48’, is provisionally characterized as a class I system.
OVARIAN DEFECT IN RATS CARRYING THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION COMPLEX
Authors: Geyer S. J. , GillIII T. J. , Kunz H. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe growth and reproduction complex contains recessive genes (grc) which influence body weight and gonadal development. Homozygous males are sterile, and they have an arrest of spermatogenesis at the primary spermatocyte stage. Homozygous females are fertile but have a reduced reproductive capacity. The data presented in this paper show that the latter defect is associated with a decrease in the relative number of secondary ovarian follicles and an increase in the number of atretic follicles. This finding indicates that most of the primary follicles do not mature properly. Thus, the genetic defect in gametogenesis controlled by the grc appears to occur at the same stage of development in both females and males.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HUMAN ADULT HAEMOGLOBIN (HbA1) AND SICKLE CELL HAEMOGLOBIN (HbS)
Authors: Sullivan T. T. , Warner Carol M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe humoral response of twelve strains of mice to immunization with either normal adult human haemoglobin (HbA1) or sickle‐cell haemoglobin (HbS) was studied using a quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results indicate the presence of at least two genes that control the magnitude of this response, one of which is located at the ‘D‐end’ of the H‐2 complex. H‐2 haplotypes s, q and k are associated with a low response, haplotypes d and a with a high response, and the b haplotype with an intermediate response. No difference in the pattern or magnitude of the response was observed when HbS was used as the immunogen in place of HbA1. The N‐terminal octapeptides of the β chains of HbA1 and HbS were synthesized and the presence of antibodies specific for the N‐terminal octapeptides was tested. The magnitude of the anti‐N‐terminal response correlated with that to the intact molecules with one exception. A much lower response to the βs‐peptide was found in the C57BL/10Sn mice. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to HbA1 and HbS. Three clones were studied for their reaction with HbA1' HbS, and the βA1 and βs peptides. One clone was found which binds both the βA1 and βs peptides. This indicates that the N‐terminal portion of the β chain of human haemoglobin is antigenic in mice.
T‐ LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF SPERM‐WHALE MYOGLOBIN. RECOGNITION OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES CARRYING ANTIGENIC SITE 5 BY MYOGLOBIN‐PRIMED T‐CELLS
Authors: Young C. R. , Atassi* M. Z. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPrevious studies from this laboratory have resulted in the determination of the antigenic structure of sperm‐whale myoglobin (Mb). In the present work, we have investigated the fine specificity requirements for T‐cell recognition of one of the Mb antigenic sites (antigenic site 5). The antigenic site (peptide 145‐153) and seven progressively longer peptides, increasing in length stepwise by two residues at a time, up to 22 residues in length (peptide 132‐153), were synthesized. In addition, four truncated peptides were synthesized with intentional deletions at Tyr‐ 151 and Ala‐ 144. The T‐cell recognition of these purified synthetic peptides was examined here in detail in three strains of mice (BALB/cByJ, B10.D2/n and SJL/J). Mb‐primed mice afforded T‐cells which proliferated to smaller peptides (two or four residues longer than the site; i.e. peptides 145‐153 and 143‐153) and more so to the longer peptides 135‐153 and 132‐153 and to Mb. No response was obtained to the truncated peptides, thus underscoring the fine specificity T‐cells. No response was obtained also to intermediate‐sized peptides. The latter result, due to an unfavourable mode of folding, suggested a conformational dependency in T‐lymphocyte recognition.
T‐LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF SPERM‐WHALE MYOGLOBIN. RESPONSES OF T‐CELLS FROM MOUSE STRAINS PRIMED WITH SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE CARRYING ANTIGENIC SITE 5 AND RELATION TO ANTIGEN PRESENTATION
Authors: Young C. R. , Atassi M. Z. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn the preceding communication of this series, the fine specificity requirements for T‐cell recognition of one of the Mb antigenic sites (antigenic site 5) were examined. Seven synthetic peptides containing antigenic site 5 and progressively increasing in length to the left by increments of two residues up to 22 residues in length were studied with regard to their ability to stimulate T‐cell proliferation of Mb‐primed T‐cells from high responder H‐2d and H‐2s mouse strains. Unexpectedly, it was found that, unlike smaller and longer peptides, some intermediate‐sized peptides failed to stimulate T‐cell proliferation even though they contained the full antigenic site. This indicated that lack of proliferative stimulating activity by a peptide does not necessarily imply absence of an antigenic site in the peptide. The results enabled us to conclude that T‐cell recognition of native proteins (or at least of Mb) is dependent on protein conformation. In the present work, we have examined the ability of peptide‐primed T‐cells from H‐2d and H‐2s mouse strains to proliferate to Mb. Immunization with peptide 145‐151 (antigenic site 5) afforded T‐cells that did not proliferate in vitro to Mb or any of the synthetic peptides 145‐153, 143‐153, 141‐153, 139‐153, 137‐153, 135‐153 or 132‐153. When mice were primed with either peptide 143‐153 (11 residues) or peptide 132‐153 (22 residues), The T‐cells obtained did not respond to Mb but responded in each case very well to peptides 132‐153, 135‐153, 137‐153 and gave lower, but significant, response to the shorter peptides 145‐153 and 143‐153. Intermediate‐sized peptides did not stimulate T‐cell proliferations and neither did truncated peptides that had deletions at Tyr‐151 and Ala‐144. These findings underscore the fine specificity of the T‐cell and indicate a high level of conformational dependency for T‐cell recognition. It is also concluded that macrophage recognition and presentation of protein antigen must involve the intact native protein and it is probably not related to the processing and fragmenting of the antigen by macrophage. The latter activity is more related to the role of macrophage in clearance.
INACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC ANTI‐H‐2 SUPPRESSOR T CELLS BY ANTISERA TO I‐J AND I‐C SUBREGION PRODUCTS OF THE H‐2 COMPLEX
Authors: Brondz B. D. , Zaiceva, M. B. , Abronina I. F. , Blandova Z. K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo antisera to Ia antigens, products of the H‐2 complex I‐Cd and I‐JkEk subregions, respectively, have been obtained by immunization of the F1 hybrids of recombinant strains of mice. These antisera are shown to display a 50% cytotoxic effect in vitro, in the presence of complement, upon lymphocyte populations immune to the H‐2‐complex antigens and enriched for specific suppressor T cells (SSTC) by fractionation on a monolayer of target cells. The specificity of anti‐Ia cytotoxins is shown by cross‐antibody absorption with T and B cells of mice originating from the recombinant H‐2 haplotypes and bearing either particular I‐Cd, I‐Jk and I‐Kk antigens, or their combinations. Anti‐I‐Cd cytotoxins were found to react with both B and T cells, but at a different rate, and the anti‐I‐JkEk serum contains two antibody types directed to I‐Ek and I‐Jk products, respectively, the latter being able to react preferently with T cells. Although both antisera do inactivate the in vitro SSTC function in the presence of complement to a similar degree, the inactivating action of the anti‐I‐Cd serum, but not that of the anti‐I‐JkEk serum, occurs without complement. SSTC are shown to bear both Ia‐antigens, I‐J and I‐C, as shown by both inactivation of the anti‐suppressor effect of the antisera absorbed with spleen cells of different H‐2 origin, and variation of the H‐2 origin of SSTC pretreated with the intact antisera. It is suggested that these two markers, located on the same SSTC, function differently in SSTC immune to the H‐2 antigens, and I‐C antigen expression on the SSTC surface is presumed to be required for their interaction with the inhibited responder T cells proliferating in MLC.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE β UNITS OF THE CLASS II MOLECULE IN THE RAT
Authors: Natori T. , Ohhashi T. , Inomata T. , Fujimoto Y. , Ishida Y. , Kasaharaand M. , Aizawa M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe RTI‐B/D region‐associated antigens which were serologically defined in the previous study (Ohhashi et al., 1981), were partially purified from membranes of a rat B cell leukaemia, KNL‐14. Sequential immunoprecipitation test, with the partially purified 125I‐B/Dak preparation using four different rat alloantisera, including a monoclonal antibody, disclosed three distinctive populations of β units of the class II molecules. Highly purified β units of three discriminable class II molecules were shown to have different structural properties in terms of molecular weights and of electrophoretic profiles on the isoelectric focusing. The β units shifted to a position of higher molecular weight on SDS‐PAGE under reducing condition, thus suggesting to carry intradisulfide bonds. Furthermore, the highly purified β units crossreacted with murine anti‐Ia sera. The rebinding test revealed that at least two discriminable species of β units cross‐react with anti‐I‐Ak monoclonal antibody, whereas β units purified by binding with the IE4 monoclonal antibody cross‐reacted with anti‐I‐Ab and/or anti‐I‐Ad antiserum. On the basis of structural and antigenic properties, we have postulated that the rat class II region can be divided into at least three subregions, each containing a locus which encodes a distinctive β unit of the class II molecule.
IMMUNOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MHC RECOMBINANT SWINE: ROLE OF CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS IN IN VITRO IMMUNE RESPONSES
Authors: Thistlethwaite J. R. , Auchincloss H. , Pescovitz M. D. , Sachs D. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA recombinant haplotype between the class I and class II major histocompatibility loci of inbred miniature swine has made it possible to study the role of the corresponding antigens in in vitro and in vivo immune responses. Before examining the effects of selective SLA locus matching on allograft survival, it was deemed necessary to determine the corresponding effects on in vitro parameters of immunity. The results presented in this paper indicate that: (1) a difference at the class II loci was required for a maximal proliferative response which depended on the haplotype combination used; (3) in cell‐mediated cytoxicity assays, the class I antigens were found to be the primary targets for lysis. Although optimal CTL generation required the presence of both class I and class II antigen differences, CTL were sometimes generated in the absence of a known class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II matched cells could be augmented by the addition of third party, class I matched, class II mismatched, stimulator cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the conservation of function of antigen class between species. They also provide further evidence for the two‐signal hypothesis of CTL generation. They, also provide further evidence for the two‐signal hypothesis of CTL generation. Thus, MHC recombinant swine provide a model for the study of the effect of antigen class on in vitro and in vivo immunobiology.
ANTIGEN BINDING TO LYMPHOID CELLS OF UNIMMUNIZED MICE
Authors: DeLuca D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn order to determine the cell type responsible for the antigen‐binding reaction in the bone marrow and spleen of mice, cells derived from pure in vitro derived colonies of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophage‐megakaryocytes and B lymphocytes were tested for their ability to bind fluorescent protein antigens. Only B lymphocytes bound antigen. An unexpectedly high percentage of bone marrow B lymphocytes (20%) bound a given antigen. This frequency was considerably higher than that found for spleen cells. As might be expected from such high binding frequencies, some cells bound two fluorchromated antigens when these are added together. As a direct test of the clonality of antigen binding to bone marrow B lymphocytes, whole colonies of B cells were tested for antigen binding of two non‐cross‐reacting protein antigens. The frequency of antigen‐binding clones, including double antigen‐binding clones, reflects exactly the frequencies observed for dispersed colony B cells and for in vivo derived Ig‐bearing bone marrow B cells. The frequency of double antigen‐binding colonies was equal to the product of the frequencies of the colonies binding each of the two antigens alone. No ‘mixed’ colonies containing single binding cells for each antigen were found. Thus, the ability to bind any two given antigens is a clonally distributed property of the bone marrow B lymphocyte population. Heterogenous receptors for multiple antigen binding on each cell are either randomly distributed among the B cell population, or homogenous antigen‐binding receptors on each cell have a random chance of cross‐reaction with the two antigens tested.