bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From stem family to nuclear family: changes in the coresident domestic group in Haute Provence between the end of the eighteenth and the middle of the nineteenth centuries
Authors: Collomp Alain , Wall Richard 
Published: November 2008

Pendant les deux derniers siècles de l'Ancien Régime, et jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIesiècle, en Haute-Provence orientale, comme dans beaucoup d'autres régions de la France méridionale, le système familial adopté par les populations rurales est celui de la famille-souche. L'heritier unique choisi pour succéder à ses parents est un garçon, le plus souvent aîné. Le père garde la direction de la maison jusqu'à sa mort. De ce système familial résulte l'existence de groupes résidentiels complexes, au moins aux phases d'expansion du cycle vital de développement, comme le démontre l'examen à la fois des recensements et des contrats notariaux de mariage.Dans les années 1830, ce système de famille-souche laisse la place à un système plus égalitaire avec disparition des ménages complexes. Les raisons de cette transformation sont multiples: économiques, juridiques et démographiques.
Repulsa uxore sua: marital difficulties and separation in the later middle ages
Authors: Finch Andrew 
Published: November 2008

Les archives des tribunaux ecclésiastiques du moyen âge fournissent la preuve qu'elles sont une riche source pour l'étude du mariage. La principale zone d'enquête concerne le processus de la formation du mariage tel qu'il se révèle par les litiges d'instance passes en jugement. Un modèle significatif apparait, celui d'une tension entre le système matrimonial proposé par l'Eglise d'une part et les opinions incompatibles de la laïcité d'autre part quant au moment et à la façon de se marier. Malgré ces tensions manifestes, les témoignages semblent indiquer que les manages sont en général solides et sont contractéd avec le respect dû, vu la gravité des serments échangés.Les archives des affaires officielles des juridictions ecclésiastiques permettent d'examiner ces problèmes à l'aide de témoignages concernant les difficultés matrimoniales et la séparation. Les déclarations faites lors des visites pastorales de Cerisy la Forêt (diocèse de Bayeux) et du diocèse de Hereford ont trait à l'adultère, la mauvaise vie, la violence domestique et la bigamie. Ces archives révèlent encore une variété de situations où les mariages peuvent être terminés au défi des désirs de l'Eglise. On perçoit le mieux la tension entre les attitudes laïques et ecclésiastiques à Cerisy où des annulations formelles et des séparations – accordées très chichement par le tribunal par ailleurs - côtoyent les actions en litige informelles que l'on intente pour mettre fin à des mariages qui laissent à désirer. Quoi qu'il en soit, les actions qui se terminent par une rupture totale ou qui rencontrent des difficultés ne se représented qu'une minorité si on les compare au total probable des mariages sous l'une ou l'autre juridiction.
Proto-industrialization in Europe
Authors: Ogilvie Sheilagh C. 
Published: November 2008

Cet article passe en revue l'état actuel du débat concernant les théories de ‘ protoindustrialisation’. Celles-ci essayent d'expliquer l'évolution économique durant les premières années de l'Europe moderne. La recherche récente a révélé que les conséquences économiques, sociales et démographiques de la proto-industrialisation different énormément suivant les sociétes. Les principaux facteurs techniques et sociaux qui sont à l'origine de cette diversité sont ici examinés et une analyse de ces facteurs en termes d'influence sur les coûts est proposée.L'auteur affirme que les facteurs les plus importants sont les institutions qui régissent la société: le système des tenures, les communautés, les corporations, les compagnies de commerce et également l'Etat. Ces résultats peuvent éclaircir nos analyses du développement des économies modernes en faisant la lumière sur les jeux d'influence des diverses institutions sur le changement economique et démographique.
Seasonality of work, religion and popular customs: the seasonality of marriage in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Netherlands
Authors: Van Poppel Frans 
Published: November 2008

Cet article présente une étude régionale et sociale des fluctuations saisonnières du mariage aux Pays-Bas, à partir des actes de mariage relevés pour une vingtaine de municipaliés entre 1812 et 1912.On commence par examiner les statistiques publiées qui sont disponibles par province et pour l'ensemble des Pays-Bas, puis on procède à une analyse plus détaillée selon les groupes socio-économiques et les régions. Il en ressort que deux facteurs fondamentaux interviennent dans les différences de saisonnalité des mariages observées entre provinces et groupes sociaux: ce sont les contraintes ecclésiastiques et les variations de la saisonnalité du travail. Pour mesurer avec précision l'impact des interdits émanents du droit canon, on a suivi une procédure qui tient compte des variations détaillées, d'une annee sur l'autre, des périodes d'interdit. Dans les régions catholiques, il n'y a pratiquement pas de différences de comportement selon les groupes socio-économiques dans le respect des périodes interdites; il est clair que les variations régionales ne sont que la marque des différences de confession religieuse dans la population. Au cours de la période étudiée, les effets de la sécularisation ne sont pas encore sensibles.L'idée d'un modèle ‘continental’ de la saisonnalité du manage est mise sérieusement en doute: le fait d'éviter les manages de mai, trait qui était jusqu'à présent considéré comme une caractéristique majeure du modèle européen, ne concerne en réalite nullement les Pays-Bas, non plus que l'Allemagne, l'Angleterre ou la Belgique. Nous pensons que la popularité des mariages de mai reflète l'adhésion a un rythme de travail saisonnier bien caractéristique et lié a l'importance de ce mois dans les coutumes folkloriques.
Marriage and social change in south-western Finland, 1700–1870
Authors: Moring Beatrice 
Published: November 2008

Cet article traite du mariage, du ménage, de la mobilité sociale et des modèles migratoires sur la côte et dans les îles du sud-ouest de la Finlande. Au XVIIe siècle, la famille souche était prédominante dans la population rurale: c'était la conséquence du système d'héritage et des nécessités de l'economie paysanne. Mais, avec le XVIIIe siècle, les unions neo-locales (autrement dit la résidence indépendante du jeune couple) se multiplièrent, l'âge moyen au mariage des cultivateurs augmenta alors que celui des non-cultivateurs diminuait. Ces changements résultent à la fois de l'affaiblissement du système de transmission intégrale des exploitations, de l'introduction de la pomme de terre et de nouvelles techniques de pèche. A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, pour cette région, le modèle de nuptialité se rapproche de celui qu'Hajnal a défini pour l'Europe du Nord-Ouest.La génération née au milieu du XVIIIe siècle descendait pour moitié de paysans et appartenait encore à ce groupe au moment de la mort. La génération suivante n'en était issue que pour un peu plus du tiers, par suite de l'augmentation du nombre des paysans sans terre. Cependant la proportion de la population paysanne touchée par une descente sociale ne changea pas substantiellement avant 1820, alors que 80% des descendants de non-paysans ne connurent aucune mobilité sociale. On remarque en outre, trait important du modèle de mobilité en cause, que les femmes furent socialement plus mobiles que les hommes. On suggère que c'est la crainte d'une mobilité sociale descendante qui doit avoir encouragé les enfants de paysans à émigrer.
Selection of oligonucleotides for whole-genome microarrays with semi-automatic update
Authors: Golfier G. , Lemoine S. , van Miltenberg A. , Bendjoudi A. , Rossier J. , Le Crom S. , Potier M.-C. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Summary: Oligonucleotide microarray probes are designed to match specific transcripts present in databases that are regularly updated. As a consequence probes should be checked every new database release. We thus developed an informatics tool allowing the semi-automatic update of probe collections of long oligonucleotides and applied it to the mouse RefSeq database.
Availability: http://www.bio.espci.fr/sol/
Contact: marie-claude.potier@espci.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at http://www.bio.espci.fr/sol/
Evidence of the top–down role of predators in structuring sublittoral rocky-reef communities in a Marine Protected Area and nearby areas of the Canary Islands
Authors: Clemente Sabrina , Hernández José Carlos , Brito Alberto 
Published: November 2008

AbstractClemente, S., Hernández, J. C., and Brito, A. 2009. Evidence of the top–down role of predators in structuring sublittoral rocky-reef communities in a Marine Protected Area and nearby areas of the Canary Islands. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 64–71. Differences in the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum population structure, which have been attributed to removal of predatory fish through overfishing, are observed throughout the Canary Islands. Low urchin abundances and a “desired conservation state” are currently found in Mar de Las Calmas Marine Protected Area and nearby fished areas (FAs) in El Hierro Island, in contrast to the occurrence of high urchin densities and the “undesired conservation state” in the highly FAs (HFAs) of Tenerife Island. Under these different levels of fishing pressure, we consider a set of ecological variables potentially affecting urchin populations (settlement, recruitment, adult urchin densities, predation rates, and abundance of urchin fish predators) to infer their magnitude and relative importance in addressing community-wide changes. No differences in settlement and recruitment rates were found, but predation pressure was higher in El Hierro, where adult density was low and predation rates were high. The combination of these factors provides evidence of a top–down control of sublittoral reef communities. Although the effect of protection was less clear, we demonstrate the positive effects of reduced fishing effort in enhancing trophic cascade processes and reducing the establishment of barren grounds.
A simulation design for research evaluating safety innovations in anaesthesia*
Authors: Merry A. F. , Weller J. M. , Robinson B. J. , Warman G. R. , Davies E. , Shaw J. , Cheeseman J. F. , Wilson L. F. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIt is notoriously difficult to obtain evidence from clinical randomised controlled trials for safety innovations in healthcare. We have developed a research design using simulation for the evaluation of safety initiatives in anaesthesia. We used a standard and a modified scenario in a human‐patient simulator, involving a potentially life‐threatening problem requiring prompt attention – either a cardiac arrest or a failure in oxygen supply. The modified scenarios involved distractions such as loud music, a demanding and uncooperative surgeon, telephone calls and frequent questions from a medical student. Twenty anaesthetics were administered by 10 anaesthetists. A mean (SD) of 11.3 (2.8) errors per anaesthetic were identified in the oxygen failure scenarios, compared with 8.0 (3.4) in the cardiac arrest scenarios (ANOVA: p = 0.04). The difference between the combined standard scenarios and the combined modified scenarios was not significant. The mean rate of errors overall was 9.7 per simulation, with a pooled SD of 4.46, so in future studies 21 subjects would provide 80% statistical power to show a reduction in error rate of 30% from baseline with p≤0.05. Our research design will facilitate the evaluation of safety initiatives in anaesthesia.
Association between human opioid receptor genes polymorphisms and pressure pain sensitivity in females*
Authors: Huang C.‐J. , Liu H.‐F. , Su N.‐Y. , Hsu Y.‐W. , Yang C.‐H. , Chen C.‐C. , Tsai P.‐S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThis study examined the association between pressure pain sensitivity and various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of human μ‐, κ‐, and δ‐opioid receptor (i.e. OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1) genes in 72 healthy adult Taiwanese women of Han Chinese race. Pressure pain threshold and tolerance were measured by an algometer and polymorphisms of the opioid receptor genes determined from blood samples. Our data revealed that pressure pain threshold, but not tolerance, in subjects with the minor allele (termed ‘GA’) genotype of the IVS2+31G>A polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene was significantly higher than those with major allele (termed ‘GG’) genotype. Neither pressure pain threshold nor tolerance between major and minor alleles of other SNPs of the OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1 genes were significantly different. These data suggest an association between the IVS2+31G>A SNP of the OPRM1 gene and pressure pain sensitivity in healthy adult females.
Whole‐genome scan for quantitative trait loci associated with birth weight, gestation length and passive immune transfer in a Holstein × Jersey crossbred population
Authors: Maltecca C. , Weigel K. A. , Khatib H. , Cowan M. , Bagnato A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryWe herein report results from a daughter design genome‐scan study aiming to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with birth weight, direct gestation length and passive immune transfer in a backcross (Holstein × Jersey) × Holstein population. Two‐hundred and seventy‐six calves, offspring of seven crossbred sires, were genotyped for 161 microsatellite markers distributed along the 29 bovine autosomes. The genome scan was performed through interval mapping using an animal model in order to identify QTL accounting for phenotypic differences between individual animals. Based on significant chi‐squared values, we identified putative QTL on BTA7 and BTA14 for gestation length, on BTA2, BTA6 and BTA14 for birth weight and on BTA20 for passive immune transfer. In total, these QTL accounted for 12%, 18% and 1% of the phenotypic variance in gestation length, birth weight and passive immune transfer respectively. We also report results from a supplementary and independent influential grand‐daughter Holstein family. In this family, findings on BTA7 and BTA14 for direct gestation length were in agreement with results in the crossbred population. Two other regions on BTA6 and BTA21 putatively underlying QTL for direct gestation length variability were discovered with this analysis.
Immunocytological analysis of meiotic recombination in the American mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Borodin P. M. , Basheva E. A. , Zhelezova A. I. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryUsing immunolocalization of MLH1, a mismatch repair protein that marks crossover sites along synaptonemal complexes, we estimated the total length of the genetic map, the recombination rate and crossover distribution in the American mink (Mustela vison). We prepared spreads from 130 spermatocytes of five male minks and mapped 3320 MLH1 foci along 1820 bivalents. The total recombination length of the male mink genome, based on the mean number of MLH1 foci for all chromosomes, was 1327 cM. The overall recombination rate was estimated to be 0.48 cM/Mb. In all bivalents, we observed prominent peaks of MLH1 foci near the distal ends and a paucity of them near the centromeres. This indicates that genes located at proximal regions of the chromosomes should display much tighter genetic linkage than physically equidistant markers located near the telomeres.
Nuclear factor‐κB as a potential therapeutic target for the novel cytotoxic agent LC‐1 in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Jenkins Christopher , Hewamana Saman , Gilkes Amanda , Neelakantan Sundar , Crooks Peter , Mills Ken , Pepper Chris , Burnett Alan 
Published: November 2008

SummaryNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) has been implicated in a number of malignancies and has been suggested to be a potential molecular target in the treatment of leukaemia. This study demonstrated the constitutive activation of NF‐κB in human myeloid blasts and a clear correlation between NF‐κB expression and in vitro cytoprotection. High NF‐κB expression was found in many of the poor prognostic acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) subtypes, such as French‐American‐British classification M0 and M7, and the poor cytogenetic risk group. The in vitro effects of LC‐1, a novel dimethylamino‐parthenolide analogue, were assessed in 62 primary untreated AML samples. LC‐1 was found to be cytotoxic to AML cells in a dose‐dependent manner, mediated through the induction of apoptosis. The median drug concentration necessary to kill 50% of the cells was 4·5 μmol/l for AML cells, compared with 12·8 μmol/l for normal marrow cells. LC‐1 was shown to reduce the five individual human NF‐κB Rel proteins in a dose‐dependent manner. The subsequent inhibition of many NF‐κB‐regulated cytokines was also demonstrated. Importantly, sensitivity to LC‐1 was correlated with the basal NF‐κB activity. Consequently, LC‐1 treatment provides a proof of principle for the use of NF‐κB inhibitors in the treatment of AML.
Timely diagnosis and management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in a frequent request, low incidence single centre using clinical 4T’s score and particle gel immunoassay
Authors: Bryant Adam , Low Joyce , Austin Steven , Joseph Joanne E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryClinicians must promptly decide which patients suspected of having heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) warrant a change in anticoagulation. This single‐centre series of 246 HIT testing referrals assessed the combination of clinical score (thrombocytopenia, timing, thrombosis, other causes of thrombocytopenia not evident; 4T’s), Diamed ID‐Heparin‐PF4 immunoassay (PaGIA) and 14C Serotonin Release Assay (SRA) to develop a practical and safe diagnostic strategy for HIT. A total of 142/256 (58%) referrals were in patients with a low 4T’s score, with 12/246 (5%) in the high scoring group. PaGIA was positive in 24/246 (9·7%) patients, whilst SRA was positive in 9/246 (3·6%). The overall positive predictive value of a positive PaGIA test alone was 37·5%, however this reached 80% for the high scoring group. Both negative PaGIA and low clinical score independently had negative predictive values of 100%. We subsequently developed an algorithm that, when applied to this cohort, would have resulted in 18/246 patients (7%) definitely requiring alternative anticoagulation, whilst a further 7/246 (2·8%) patients would have been considered on an individual basis. Ultimately (based on SRA) this would have resulted in 16/246 (6·5%) patients unnecessarily having a change in their anticoagulation, with 9/246 (3·6%) patients being ‘correctly treated’. The combination of 4T’s scoring and PaGIA permitted a practical and safe approach to rapid HIT diagnosis and management.
GeneChip analyses point to novel pathogenetic mechanisms in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Vater Inga , Wagner Florian , Kreuz Markus , Berger Hilmar , Martín‐Subero José I. , Pott Christiane , Martinez‐Climent Jose A. , Klapper Wolfram , Krause Kristina , Dyer Martin J. S. , Gesk Stefan , Harder Lana , Zamo Alberto , Dreyling Martin , Hasenclever Dirk , Arnold Norbert , Siebert Reiner 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) is the genetic hallmark of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) but is not sufficient for inducing lymphomagenesis. Here we performed genome‐wide 100K GeneChip Mapping in 26 t(11;14)‐positive MCL and six MCL cell lines. Partial uniparental disomy (pUPD) was shown to be a recurrent chromosomal event not only in MCL cell lines but also in primary MCL. Remarkably, pUPD affected recurrent targets of deletion like 11q, 13q and 17p. Moreover, we identified 12 novel regions of recurrent gain and loss as well as 12 high‐level amplifications and eight homozygously deleted regions hitherto undescribed in MCL. Interestingly, GeneChip analyses identified different genes, encoding proteins involved in microtubule dynamics, such as MAP2, MAP6 and TP53, as targets for chromosomal aberration in MCL. Further investigation, including mutation analyses, fluorescence in situ hybridisation as well as epigenetic and expression studies, revealed additional aberrations frequently affecting these genes. In total, 19 of 20 MCL cases, which were subjected to genetic and epigenetic analyses, and five of six MCL cell lines harboured at least one aberration in MAP2, MAP6 or TP53. These findings provide evidence that alterations of microtubule dynamics might be one of the critical events in MCL lymphomagenesis contributing to chromosomal instability.
Van‐den Berghe’s 5q‐ syndrome in 2008
Authors: Mohamedali Azim , Mufti Ghulam J. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryVan Den Berghe established 5q‐ syndrome as a discrete clinical entity in 1974 when he described patients with macrocytic anaemia, thrombocytosis, dyserythropoiesis, hypolobulated megakaryocytes and an interstitial deletion within chromosome 5q. With del(5q) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality, 5q‐ syndrome represents an opportunity to define precisely the molecular defect(s) underlying the pathogenesis of this disease. The commonly deleted region in 5q‐ syndrome, which is distinct from that in patients with complex cytogenetic changes that include del(5q), includes the ribosomal protein S14 locus and it has been proposed that that loss of an RPS14 allele accounts for the 5q‐ syndrome phenotype. However, this hypothesis fails to explain the growth advantage of the 5q‐ syndrome clone and it is evident that ribosomal protein defects are not specific to 5q‐ syndrome, as they are found in other bone marrow failure syndromes. Lenalidomide therapy leads to normalization of both haematological and cytogenetic parameters in the majority of 5q‐ syndrome patients. This review examines the potential role of several genes, including RPS14, in the pathogenesis of the 5q‐ syndrome and recent advances in clinical management, with particular emphasis on the role and mechanism of action of lenalidomide.
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy alters the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator, a co‐inhibitory molecule, in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Okano M. , Otsuki N. , Azuma M. , Fujiwara T. , Kariya S. , Sugata Y. , Higaki T. , Kino K. , Tanimoto Y. , Okubo K. , Nishizaki K. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground
B7/CD28 family co‐signalling molecules play a key role in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT) alters allergen‐specific T cell responses. However, the effect of SIT on the expression of various co‐signalling molecules has not been clarified.Objective
We sought to determine whether SIT might affect the expression of three co‐inhibitory molecules, programmed death (PD)‐1, B7‐H1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), in Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP).Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from JCP patients who had or had not received SIT. PBMC were cultured in the presence or absence of Cry j 1, after which the cell surface expression of PD‐1, B7‐H1 and BTLA, as well as IL‐5 production, were determined. In addition, the effect of BTLA cross‐linking on IL‐5 production was examined.Results
After Cry j 1 stimulation, no significant differences in PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression were observed between SIT‐treated and SIT‐untreated patients. BTLA expression was down‐regulated in untreated patients after Cry j 1 stimulation and up‐regulated in SIT‐treated patients. Up‐regulation of BTLA in SIT‐treated patients was particularly apparent in a CD4+ T cell subset. IL‐5 production was clearly reduced among SIT‐treated patients, and the observed changes in BTLA expression correlated negatively with IL‐5 production. Moreover, immobilization of BTLA suppressed IL‐5 production in JCP patients.Conclusion
These results suggest that both IL‐5 production and down‐regulation of BTLA in response to allergen are inhibited in SIT‐treated patients with JCP. BTLA‐mediated co‐inhibition of IL‐5 production may contribute to the regulation of allergen‐specific T cell responses in patients receiving immunotherapy.