bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive attenuation factor model for localization in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shih Yung‐Chien , Hsu Yuan‐Ying , Chen Chien‐Hung , Tseng Chien‐Chao , Sha Edwin 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe accuracy of sensor location estimation influences directly the quality and reliability of services provided by a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, current localization methods may require additional hardware, like global positioning system (GPS), or suffer from inaccuracy like detecting radio signals. It is not proper to add extra hardware in tiny sensors, so the aim is to improve the accuracy of localization algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe original signal propagation‐based localization algorithm adopts a static attenuation factor model and cannot adjust its modeling parameters in accordance with the local environment. In this paper an adaptive localization algorithm for WSNs that can dynamically adjust ranging function to calculate the distance between two sensors is presented. By adjusting the ranging function dynamically, the location of a sensor node can be estimated more accurately.FindingsThe NCTUNs simulator is used to verify the accuracy and analyze the performance of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithm can indeed achieve more accurate localization using just a small number of reference nodes in a WSN.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need to have accurate location information of reference nodes.Practical implicationsThis is an effective low‐cost solution for the localization of sensor nodes.Originality/valueAn adaptive localization algorithm that can dynamically adjust ranging function to calculate the distance between two sensors for sensor network deployment and providing location services is described.
Hierarchical data gathering schemes in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hwang Shiow‐Fen , Lu Kun‐Hsien , Chang Tsung‐Hsiang , Dow Chyi‐Ren 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to balance the total energy consumption and the transmission delay for data gathering application in wireless sensor networks.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a hierarchical grid structure to reduce the total energy consumption, and utilizes a tree architecture to decrease the transmission delay.FindingsIn the results, the proposed method performs better, in terms of the number of rounds and the energy × delay cost, than other data gathering protocols with different network sizes and node densities. Moreover, the proposed method also provides good coverage preservation in different environments.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper, sensor nodes are assumed to be uniformly distributed, homogenous, energy‐constrained. Each sensor node also has ability to adjust its transmission power. For practice, the proposed method needs location information of sensor nodes and the radio interference between sensor nodes during data transmissions should be considered.Practical implicationsThe proposed method can significantly reduce the delay time and may be suitable for real‐time data gathering applications.Originality/valueThis paper combines hierarchical grid structure with tree architecture to minimize the energy × delay cost for data gathering application.
The knowledge dimension of manufacturing transfers
Authors: Madsen Erik S. , Riis Jens O. , Waehrens Brian V. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeIn the context of transferring manufacturing knowledge to new locations, whether this is to parties inside or outside the legal boundary of a firm, a key problem remains, that it is often difficult to explain what operators really know, or why what they do really works. Still most attention is given to planning the physical move and to the explicit knowledge associated with normal operations. The paper argues that manufacturing processes rarely contain the necessary robustness that can be replicated in a new context. The transfer, therefore, should encompass a wider range of task situations and the associated sets of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method that may help to identify and capture the knowledge tied to non‐normal task situations as a basis for supporting an accelerated learning at the new site.Design/methodology/approachThree case studies based on observations over one‐and‐half years and interviews (n = 59) with operators, management and technical support staff on both sides of the relationship, illustrate and support the developed model. A fourth case study is used to test the method.FindingsThe case studies show that the classification of task situations can be used in the process of identifying hidden knowledge.Practical implicationsThe paper operationalizes knowledge tied to different task situations at the shop floor and shows that the non‐normal task situations deserve increased attention in the literature as well as in practical work of preparing for a transfer of manufacturing processes. The proposed method may help companies identify hidden knowledge and prepare a comprehensive training program.Originality/valueThe authors present a framework for assessing knowledge of various task situations and a method for transfer of non‐normal task situations.
The effect of intervening conditions on the management of project risk
Authors: Kutsch Elmar 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the main findings of a successfully defended doctoral thesis that studied factors or interventions causing the discrepancy between how adequate project risks should be managed and how project risks are actually managed.Design/methodology/approachThe approach involved interviews and a survey using questionnaires gathered data from project managers about their experiences with project risk management during two phases of fieldwork. The first phase included in‐depth interviews with information technology (IT) project managers in order to explore patterns involving risk mediators and their influence on project risk management. A web‐based survey was used in the second phase for the purpose of testing these patterns on a wider range of project managers.FindingsSpecific risk‐related interventions strongly influence the effective use of project risk management: project managers tended to deny, avoid, ignore risks and to delay the management of risk. Risks were perceived as discomforting, not agreed upon. IT project managers were unaware of risks and considered them to be outside their scope of influence and preferred to let risks resolve themselves rather than proactively engaging with them. As a consequence, factors such as the lack of awareness of risks by IT project managers appeared to constrain the application of project risk management with the result that risk had an adverse influence on the outcome of IT projects.Practical implicationsThe underlying rational assumptions of project risk management and the usefulness of best practice project risk management standards as a whole need to be questioned because of the occurrence of interventions such as the lack of information. IT project managers should first prevent risk‐related interventions from influencing the use of project risk management. However, if this is not possible, they should be prepared to adapt to risks influencing the project outcome.Originality/valueThe paper contradicts the myth of a “self‐evidently” correct project risk management approach. It defines interventions that constrain project manager's ability to manage project risk.
A longitudinal study of the adoption of an activity‐based planning system in the Crown Prosecution Service of England and Wales, United Kingdom
Authors: Yan Jun Liu Lana , Mitchell Falconer , Robinson John 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption of a time‐based activity‐based costing (ABC) information system in resource planning (ABP) in the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) of England and Wales, a public service organisation in the United Kingdom, for the period of 2000‐2005. The aims of the study are to provide a technical review of the ABP application and to explore roles of the ABP system in achieving a “fairer” internal resource allocation and an improved understanding of business processes.Design/methodology/approachThe CPS's experience of adopting an ABP system is explained through the use of a case study involving interviews, observations, work shadowing and archival data over a period of six years, 2000‐2005. The longitudinal nature of the study has enabled the researchers to align the outcome of ABP adoption with concurrent organisational changes.FindingsThe study reveals that the growing understanding of the intrinsic links between business processes and the ABP information and its rationale, which remains unchanged throughout various phases of organisational changes, has promoted a sense of stability amongst CPS staff members.Practical implicationsThis study provides an in‐depth understanding of the practical use of ABP and its evolving roles in the face of the changing organisational environment.Originality/valueThis research discusses the prerequisite of the ABP system, a time‐based ABC system, and the evolving roles of ABP from a cost‐effective planning tool to a stability mechanism in face of constant organisational changes. This experience is invaluable to companies and practitioners seeking to implement a cost‐effective planning tool.
Founding team and start‐up competitive advantage
Authors: Wu Lei‐Yu , Wang Chun‐Ju , Tseng Chun‐Yao , Wu Ming‐Cheng 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to link founding team and start‐up competitive advantage in the context of the Taiwanese technology‐based ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes 211 start‐ups of the technology‐based sector and verifies the relationship between entrepreneur resources, trust, founding team partners' commitments, and start‐up competitive advantage.FindingsIn technology‐based start‐ups, the competitive advantage of a start‐up is determined by the founding team partners' commitments and the resources an entrepreneur has.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is retrospective which relies on technology‐based founding team members as the primary research subjects, some respondents may observe the performance of their start‐ups today and then make attributions about the past to explain that performance.Practical implicationsUtilizations of personal networks are important in the early stage of technology‐based start‐ups; through networking and using trust, an entrepreneur can gain the critical resources and competitive advantage required in the development of a business.Originality/valueIn technology‐based start‐ups, trust, not the resources an entrepreneur has, is an effective way by which entrepreneurs can win founding team partners' commitments.
The evolutionary ecology of cheating: does superficial oviposition facilitate the evolution of a cheater yucca moth?
Authors: SEGRAVES KARI A. , ALTHOFF DAVID M. , PELLMYR OLLE 
Published: October 2008

Abstract 1. A major question in the study of mutualism is to understand how mutualists may revert to antagonists that exploit the mutualism (i.e. switch to cheating). In the classic pollination mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths, the cheater moth Tegeticula intermedia is sister to the pollinator moth T. cassandra. These moth species have similar ovipositor morphology, but T. intermedia emerges later, oviposits into fruit rather than flowers, and does not pollinate.2. We tested if the pollinator, T. cassandra, was pre‐adapted to evolve a cheater lineage by comparing its emergence and oviposition behaviour on yucca fruit to a distantly related pollinator, T. yuccasella, that differs in ovipositor morphology and oviposition behaviour. We predicted that if T. cassandra was pre‐adapted to cheat, then these pollinators would emerge later and be able to oviposit into fruit in contrast to T. yuccasella.3. Contrary to expectations, a common garden‐rearing experiment demonstrated that emergence of T. cassandra was not significantly delayed relative to T. yuccasella. Moth emergence patterns overlapped broadly.4. No choice oviposition experiments with female moths demonstrated that both pollinator species attempted to oviposit into fruit, but only T. cassandra was successful. Four out of 84 T. cassandra successfully oviposited into older fruit, whereas zero out of 79 T. yuccasella oviposited into older fruit. The rarity of the cheating behaviour in pollinators, however, meant that no significant difference in oviposition ability was detected.5. The results suggest that a shift in emergence phenology is likely not a pre‐adaptation to the evolution of cheating, but that the ability to successfully lay eggs into fruit may be. The results also demonstrate that cheating attempts are rare in these pollinator species and, hence, the evolutionary transition rate from pollinator to cheater is likely to be low.
Extended larval development time for aphid parasitoids in the presence of plant endosymbionts
Authors: HÄRRI SIMONE A. , KRAUSS JOCHEN , MÜLLER CHRISTINE B. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract 1. Variation in plant chemistry does not only mediate interactions between plants and herbivores but also those between herbivores and their natural enemies, and plants and natural enemies.2. Endophytic fungi complete their whole life cycle within the host plant’s tissue and are associated with a large diversity of plant species. Endophytes of the genus Neotyphodium alter the chemistry of the host plant by producing herbivore toxic alkaloids.3. Here we asked whether the endophyte‐tolerant aphid species Metopolophium festucae could be defended against its parasitoid Aphidius ervi when feeding on endophyte‐infected plants. In a laboratory experiment, we compared life‐history traits of A. ervi when exposed to hosts on endophyte‐infected or endophyte‐free Lolium perenne.4. The presence of endophytes significantly increased larval and pupal development times, but did not affect the mortality of immature parasitoids or the longevity of the adults. Although the number of parasitoid mummies tended to be reduced on endophyte‐infected plants, the number of emerging parasitoids did not differ significantly between the two treatments.5. This shows that the metabolism of individual aphids feeding on infected plants may be changed and help in the defence against parasitoids. An increase in parasitoid development time should ultimately reduce the population growth of A. ervi. Therefore, endophyte presence may represent an advantage for endophyte‐tolerant aphid species through extended parasitoid development and its effect on parasitoid population dynamics.
Effective assessment of use of sitters by nurses in inpatient care settings
Authors: Tzeng Huey‐Ming , Yin Chang‐Yi , Grunawalt Julie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Effective assessment of use of sitters by nurses in inpatient care settings Aim.  This paper is a report of the evaluation of the impact of adopting the Patient Attendant Assessment Tool (PAAT) on nurses’ requests for sitters, use of restraints, and falls and fall injury rates.Background.  Staffing should be the primary issue in eliminating risks of patient falls during hospital stays.Method.  Data were collected in two acute adult medical units of a Michigan hospital from August 2005 to February 2007. Data from three sources were merged for analyses: (1) study units’ monthly reports; (2) quarterly reports of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators and (3) PAAT reports collected from October 2006 to February 2007. The primary outcome variables were the use of sitters, number of restraints ordered and fall and fall injury rates. Independent t‐tests and correlation analyses were used for data analyses. The data before and after adopting this tool were compared using independent t‐tests.Findings.  The PAAT helped improve the fill/request rates for sitters. The use of soft limb holders decreased after adoption of this tool. The results also showed that if the number of sitter requests was higher, the total number of restraints would be lower but the total fall rate would be higher.Conclusion.  Hospitals should include a tool similar to the PAAT in guidelines related to provision of constant observation or use of sitters. Further investigations of the optimum combination of staffing patterns and infrastructure are needed to promote safer hospital stays.
Emotional labour underlying caring: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Huynh Truc , Alderson Marie , Thompson Mary 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Emotional labour underlying caring: an evolutionary concept analysis Aim.  This paper is a report of a concept analysis of emotional labour.Background.  Caring is considered as the essence of nursing. Underpinning caring, the internal regulation of emotions or the emotional labour of nurses is invisible. The concept of emotional labour is relatively underdeveloped in nursing.Data sources.  A literature search using keywords ‘emotional labour’, ‘emotional work’ and ‘emotions’ was performed in CINAHL, PsycINFO and REPERE from 1990 to January 2008. We analysed 72 papers whose main focus of inquiry was on emotional labour.Review methods.  We followed Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis.Results.  Emotional labour is a process whereby nurses adopt a ‘work persona’ to express their autonomous, surface or deep emotions during patient encounters. Antecedents to this adoption of a work persona are events occurring during patient–nurse encounters, and which consist of three elements: organization (i.e. social norms, social support), nurse (i.e. role identification, professional commitment, work experience and interpersonal skills) and job (i.e. autonomy, task routine, degree of emotional demand, interaction frequency and work complexity). The attributes of emotional labour have two dimensions: nurses’ autonomous response and their work persona strategies (i.e. surface or deep acts). The consequences of emotional labour include organizational (i.e. productivity, ‘cheerful environment’) and nurse aspects (i.e. negative or positive).Conclusion.  The concept of emotional labour should be introduced into preregistration programmes. Nurses also need to have time and a supportive environment to reflect, understand and discuss their emotional labour in caring for ‘difficult’ patients to deflate the dominant discourse about ‘problem’ patients.
Sex‐biased natal dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in American black bears as revealed by spatial genetic analyses
Authors: COSTELLO CECILY M. , CREEL SCOTT R. , KALINOWSKI STEVEN T. , VU NINH V. , QUIGLEY HOWARD B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that sex‐biased natal dispersal reduces close inbreeding in American black bears, a solitary species that exhibits nearly complete male dispersal and female philopatry. Using microsatellite DNA and spatial data from reproductively mature bears (≥ 4 years old), we examined the spatial genetic structure of two distinct populations in New Mexico from 1993 to 2000. As predicted, relatedness (r) and the frequency of close relationships (parent–offspring or full siblings) decreased with distance among female dyads, but little change was observed among male or opposite‐sex dyads. Neighbouring females were more closely related than neighbouring males. The potential for inbreeding was low. Most opposite‐sex pairs that lived sufficiently close to facilitate mating were unrelated, and few were close relatives. We found no evidence that bears actively avoided inbreeding in their selection of mates from this nearby pool, as mean r and relationship frequencies did not differ between potential and actual mating pairs (determined by parentage analysis). These basic patterns were apparent in both study areas despite a nearly two‐fold difference in density. However, the sex bias in dispersal was less pronounced in the lower‐density area, based on proportions of bears with male and female relatives residing nearby. This result suggests that male bears may respond to reduced competition by decreasing their rate or distance of dispersal. Evidence supports the hypothesis that inbreeding avoidance is achieved by means of male‐biased dispersal but also indicates that competition (for mates or resources) modifies dispersal patterns.
Simple estimates for the magnitude of bedload transport under a turbid surge
Authors: PRITCHARD DAVID 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCharacteristic length and timescales for a turbid surge are used to estimate bedload transport by the surge, deriving estimates for the conditions under which deposited material will be mobilized as bedload, and of the relative importance of bedload in determining the overall deposit geometry. A critique is provided of the common modelling assumptions which underlie these estimates and of how their consistency can be checked. For large turbidity currents, such as those which emplaced the Marnoso Arenacea turbidites in northern Italy, model predictions of overall geometry are not easy to reconcile with the field data: some possible reasons for this are discussed. The estimates obtained from these characteristic scales are consistent with the widespread presence in turbidites of sedimentary structures which indicate bedload transport; some of these structures from the Marnoso Arenacea Formation are reviewed briefly. However, the estimates suggest that bedload transport is not a major factor responsible for the geometry of the large turbidites in this formation, which exhibit a broad thickness maximum in their proximal region that contrasts with the downstream‐thinning geometry of smaller beds. This effect suggests that the explanation for this theoretically unexpected geometry should be sought in other physical mechanisms.
Lithium‐induced Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: a case report
Authors: Nagamine Masanori , Yoshino Aihide , Ishii Motoyasu , Ogawa Tetsuo , Kurauchi Sachi , Yoshida Takeshi , Shigemura Jun , Kodera Tsutomu , Tanaka Yuji , Nomura Soichiro 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  To report on a patient with Hashimoto’s encephalopathy induced by lithium.Patient and interventions:  A 61‐year‐old woman with a type II bipolar disorder and a history of lithium‐induced thyrotoxicosis associated with silent thyroiditis was hospitalized to treat a severe major depressive episode. Given long‐term treatment with levothyroxine for hypothyroidism that had resulted from silent thyroiditis, endogenous hormone in thyroid follicles was assumed to be minimized by the negative feedback, decreasing risk of recurrent thyrotoxicosis if lithium were restarted.Results:  Lithium clearly relieved the patient’s depressive symptoms, but after 40 days encephalopathy developed. Thyrotoxicosis was ruled out, and serum antithyroid antibody titers were elevated. In the cerebrospinal fluid, protein content was substantially elevated and antithyroid antibodies were detected. Encephalopathy resolved dramatically after course of intravenous pulse therapy with methylprednisolone.Conclusions:  We believe that autoantibodies against antigens shared by the thyroid gland and the brain were induced by exposure to lithium, causing the patient to develop Hashimoto’s encephalopathy.