bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Studies on Chain Lengths, Halide Species, and Well Thicknesses for Lead Halide Layered Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Takeoka Yuko , Asai Keisuke , Rikukawa Masahiro , Sanui Kohei 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Two-dimensional layered perovskite compounds, (CnH2n+1NH3)2(CH3NH3)m−1PbmX3m+1 (n = 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10; X = Cl, Br, and I; m = 1, 2, and 3) were systematically prepared. The influences of the barrier-size, halide species, and well thickness of the perovskite thin films on the quantum confinement structures were investigated. The layered perovskite films showed a strong and clear absorption peak due to excitons confined in inorganic quantum-wells. The exciton peak shifted to lower energy as the halide species was changed from Cl to Br and I. Furthermore, fine multilayer perovskite compound films were prepared by varying the spin-coating conditions.
Transshipment of Inventories Among Retailers: Myopic vs. Farsighted Stability
Authors: Sošić Greys 
Published: October 2006

The author considers a model of a decentralized distribution system consisting of n retailers selling an identical product. Retailers face a stochastic demand and must order their initial inventory before this demand is realized. After demand realization, retailers decide how much of their unsold inventory or unsatisfied demand they want to share with other retailers. This is followed by a transshipment of leftover inventories and distribution of the additional profit generated through inventory sharing. The author addresses the following issue: Suppose that the retailers distribute the profit from inventory sharing according to an allocation rule that induces retailers to share their residuals in a way that maximizes the additional profit, such as the Shapley value, but may not belong to the core. Is it likely that, in this framework, all retailers will jointly share their residuals and not form subcoalitions? Previous research has looked at this problem from a myopic viewpoint and concluded that the grand coalition is not stable. Unlike the prior work, the author looks at stability in a farsighted sense. That is, retailers do not consider only their immediate payoffs but are also concerned with reactions of other retailers to their actions. In a symmetric setting, with identical additional unit revenues from transshipments generated by all retailers, farsighted retailers always maximize their allocations by not defecting from the grand coalition. The author also provides conditions when the same is true for nonidentical additional unit revenues.
An experimental study of the neural mechanism hearing
Authors: Hughson Walter , Thompson Eva , Witting E. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe technical difficulties involved in an investigation of this kind invariably make the information obtained rather insignificant in relation to the amount of time and effort put forth. Experiments must be repeated many times before a dependable method can be developed, and even then an inevitably high mortality in the experimental animals persists Before consistent success can normally be achieved. The data upon which the following observations are based represents a series of chronic experiments carried out in the Laboratory of Otological Research at the Johns Hopkins in 1934, 14 in number, and a subsequent extensive investigation during the past year in the Otological Research Laboratory of the Abington Memorial Hospital. In the first group, partial and graded division of the auditory nerve was carried out under high binocular magnification. In all experiments partial or complete division of the nerve was considered successful only if the blood supply of the cochlea remained intact.
The diagnosis op nerve deafness
Authors: Crowe S.J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis will be a valuable meeting if it does nothing more than direct your attention to the extent and complexity of the auditory apparatus and leads you to think of the ear as something more than the tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, ossicles, mastoid and cochlea. The otologist is the expert who is depended on to recognize and treat the disorders of the ear; we are reasonably successful with the acute and chronic suppurations but know very little about the cause, the recognition or the treatment of impaired hearing. Hearing acuity plays an important part in economic and social life, and the fact that so little is known about deafness should fire every otologist with the ambition and determination to aid in the advance of this branch of his profession. Before the otologist can do his part, however, he must have special instruction in the embryology, anatomy, physiology and pathology of the ear and its central pathways. A national move in this direction is indicated by the higher standards imposed each year by the American Board of Otolaryngology. We, as otologists, must be able to visualize and think of the hearing apparatus as a whole: the structures in the temporal bone, the auditory pathways in the brain stem and cortex, the relation of these pathways to other nerves and, finally, the association fibres which connect the temporal lobe with other parts of the brain. As our scientific knowledge advances, new methods for clinical examination will be devised. Advance will come more rapidly if the young otologist is properly trained; if he is encouraged to show an interest in deaf patients and the cause of deafness; if he will keep himself informed about the newer instruments of precision and employ standardized methods for testing the hearing, so that his results may be compared and pooled with the experiences of others. A move toward the standardization of tests was made by this Society, in 1936, when the report on Methods of Testing the Hearing by Bone Conduction was presented at the Detroit meeting. The electrical method of study, introduced by Wever and Bray, and the experiments on conditioned animals are most important and stimulating. The ultimate object of all experimental work on the ear, however, is to suggest new ideas to the clinician, who, after all, is the most important link in the chain.
Middle fossa vestibular nerve section in the management of menifire's disease
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Miller Gale W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe triad of fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and episodic attacks of vertigo known as Meniere's disease can be a frustrating therapeutic problem. While most patients respond to a medical regime consisting of a low salt diet, diuretics, diazepam, and propantheline bromide, there is a significant group who remain refractory to conservative management. These individuals either continue to experience their distressing symptoms or undergo some type of surgical procedure in an attempt to seek relief.There are a multitude of such techniques available to the otologic surgeon and he must make the decision as‐ to which procedure is best for any given individual. The authors' employ three surgical approaches for the management of Meniere's disease. These are the translabyrinthine laby‐rinthectomy, the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt, and the middle fossa vestibular nerve section.In this paper the indications for surgery, technique, results and complications are covered in detail. Thirty‐one patients are reviewed who have been followed from one to four years postoperatively. Seventeen had total and 14 had superior vestibular nerve sections. The results were much better in the total group, as 94 percent had complete relief of vertigo and 76 percent were able to maintain their preoperative hearing level.The authors feel the middle fossa vestibular nerve section is a valuable addition to the otologist's armamentarium in the treatment of the patient who is refractory to medical management
The case for elective prophylactic neck dissection
Authors: Nahum Alan M. , Bone Robert C. , Davidson Terence M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe possibility of improving the cure rate of cancer of the head and neck by radical neck dissection of the clinically negative neck (elective neck dissection) continues to pose a therapeutic dilemma. This paper seeks to review the available information, analyze relevant aspects of the issue and attempt to draw conclusions which will be helpful both to physicians and their patients. The discussion is confined to squamous carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity
Influence of caldwell‐luc operation on developing permanent teeth
Authors: Paavolainen Mikko , Paavolainen Riitta , Tarkkanen Jorma 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe influence of Caldwell‐Luc operation on the permanent teeth of school children was studied in a material of 21 six to 14‐year‐old children, who had undergone, altogether, 30 Caldwell‐Luc operations. Ten of the children had also undergone 23 endonasal antrostomies. The control material consisted of a class of 27 healthy school children, their mean age being 10.2 years.Total anesthesia was found in five teeth on the operated side and in one tooth on the non‐operated side. Additionally, the operation had caused slight hypesthesia in part of the teeth, mostly in the first incisors. All sensory disturbances were caused by nerve lesion only, and no tooth had died as a result of the operation. The operation could not be shown to be conducive to caries. Correctly performed, Caldwell‐Luc operation does not cause serious dental injuries in school children, and is indicated especially in chronic sinobronchitis when conservative methods of treatment fail
Palato‐pharyngeal cine photography: A Technique For Developing Continuing Education Films
Authors: Smith Howard W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA method of Cine photography has been developed to record a variety of plastic and reconstructive surgical procedures in the oral cavity and pharynx.Effective classroom teaching of surgical closure of the cleft palate and the various palatal lengthening procedures including pharyngeal flaps, has been hampered by the lack of quality teaching films demonstrating surgical techniques in color.The small size of the structures involved and the delicate nature of the surgery requires that the surgeon work at close range and directly in front of the mouth.To avoid the shadows cast by the sides of the oral cavity, the surgeon's hands and frequent change of position by the professional photographic team, a head‐mounted Cine camera was employed.A “through the surgeon's eye” view for the camera was accomplished by using a parallelogram of beam‐splitting mirrors. The resulting photographic film provides the classroom audience with a sense of being in the surgeon's operating position thus having a view superior to that obtained by the surgeon's first assistant.An elaborate system of counter‐balancing provides the surgeon with a weightless camera, mirror, and light complex mounted on a football helmet. The football helmet merely served as an interlocking unit enabling the surgeon to compose his own movie while operating
Twenty years experience with intranasal transseptal dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Berryhill Bruce H. , Dorenbusch A. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe intranasal transeptal approach for treating chronic dacryocystitis has been utilized by the authors since 1959. A total of 305 operations have been performed with a high success rate and very low complication rate. The intranasal approach is preferred since it allows good visualization of the lacrimal sac, avoids a facial scar, and is most successful.Two hundred and eighty‐four primary operations were performed with an 89% success. Of 29 failures, 25 were re‐operated on with only 2 failures. Counting patients who required a revision operation, the overall success rate was 99%. Most revisions had to be performed because of scar formation in the nose or bony re‐growth over the nasal opening. Complications were few with two patients having postoperative bleeding requiring nose to be repacked, two small septal perforations, one periorbital abscess and one case in which there was severe scar formation in the nose.
Lateral tarsal strip procedure for the correction of paralytic ectropion
Authors: Becker Ferdinand F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtolaryngologists are frequently confronted with patients suffering from permanent facial paralysis. This condition often results in a severe cosmetic and functional deformity of the lower eyelid called paralytic ectropion. Conservative measures ore often unsatisfactory and surgical correction is needed. Tarsorrhaphy and cautery have been advocated in the past, but are usually unsatisfactory. The most standard surgical procedure in use at the present time is a modification of the Kuhnt‐Szymanowski procedure which is useful in repositioning the lax eyelid and allowing for lid shortening. This procedure involves removal of a portion of the midtarsal plate, but does not correct the lax lateral canthal tendon which is the cause of the pathology in paralytic ectropion. In 1979, in the ophthalmologic literature, Anderson and Gordy reported the tarsal strip procedure for the correction of paralytic and senile ectropion.This paper describes the lateral tarsal strip procedure which involves a lateral canthotomy, division of the lateral portion of the lower eyelid into musculocutaneous and tarsoconjunctival layers, removal of a portion of the conjunctiva and suturing the resulting tarsal strip to the periosteum of the inner aspect of the orbital rim laterally to shorten and elevate the lower eyelid. The procedure is presented in diagrams and close‐up operative photographs. Before and after photographic documentations of two clinical cases ore also presented. Since this procedure has been employed for only about two years, long‐term results are not yet available; however, the author feels that this procedure will offer a significant improvement in the surgical treatment of paralytic ectropion.
The prosthetic management of oral commissure burns
Authors: Richard Holt G. , Parel Stephen , Richardson David S. , Kittle Paul E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe complications of electrical burn to the oral cavity include microstomia and cosmetic deformity. Surgical burn excision and repair by primary closure, skin grafts, or tongue flaps have recognized disadvantages. The use of intraornl fixed or removable appliances, or the extraoral facemask prosthesis, serves to maintain adequate commissure spacing and allows normal skin and mucosal healing to occur. Secondary commissuroplasties may be required after prosthetic management of the burn.
Anatomical routes for cancer invasion of laryngeal cartilages
Authors: Yeager Vernon L. , Archer Carol R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe larynx is separated into compartments bounded by connective tissue membranes and cartilages. The membranes and cartilages affect the localization and spread of cancer for a while, but invasion eventually occurs. Histological study of the cartilages in the earliest stages of invasion shows cancer cells growing between the collagen bundles where the connective tissue membranes attach to the cartilages. At these points, the collagen bundles pass obliquely through the perichondrium to anchor into the cartilage and bone like Sharpey's fibers. As the cancer cells multiply, they separate the collagen bundles, forming linear passageways through the perichon‐drum. This appears to be the mechanism for cartilage invasion. Thus the sites of attachment of the strongest membranes are also the most frequent sites of invasion, i.e., the anterior commissure tendon and the cricothyroid membrane.
Impact of cervical disease and its definitive radiotherapeutic management on survival: Experience in 2013 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and pharyngolarynx
Authors: Bataini J. P. , Bernier J. , Jaulerry C. , Brunin F. , Pontvert D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo thousand thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and pharyngolarynx were reviewed with regard to neck disease presentation and disease‐free survival after radical radiotherapy. All patients were staged according to both the AJCC1976 and the UICC1978 classifications. Causes of failure, disease‐free survival, and complication rates were assessed. Sixty percent had a clinically positive neck. The 3‐year disease‐free survival rates were 58%, 44%, 38%, and 25% for AJCC NO, Nl, N2, and N3 cases, respectively. Corresponding UICC figures were 58%, 46%, 26%, and 29%. Analyzed parameters were nodal stage, size, site and fixity, and location of primary. Complications attributed to neck disease did not exceed 3%. A critical appraisal of the nodal staging systems is derived from these sets of data.
Morphological aspects of the human vestibular nerve
Authors: Lee Won Sang , Suárez Carlos , Honrubia Vicente , Gómez Justo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA quantitative study was made of the number of fibers, their diameters, and distribution in the nerves innervating individual vestibular receptor organs of three human temporal bones. The specimens were obtained from autopsies conducted within 4 hours postmortem. The temporal bones containing the nerves were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and decalcified with EDTA until they were soft enough to allow dissection of the nerve branches to the individual receptors. The nerve branches were processed for osmium staining, embedded in plastic, and cut serially in 1‐μm‐thick sections for light‐microscopic histologic evaluation of their fiber composition. Quantitative evaluation of nerve‐fiber characteristics was made with the aid of a laboratory computer and programs for graphic representation and statistical analysis.In the nerves to the individual cristae the number of fibers ranged between 1416 and 2335. Fibers with diameters between 2.5 μm and 3 μm were the most numerous. The number of fibers decreased exponentially with increased size. The thickest fibers had diameters up to 11.5 μm. The distribution of fibers in the nerve of each crista was different for the central and intermediate areas of the crista than it was for the ends. Thin fibers with diameters less than 2.5 μm, which represented 36% of the population, projected to the ends of the receptor area. Thick fibers with diameters greater than 4.5 μm, which represented 8% of the fibers, were distributed relatively uniformly except for the extreme ends of the crista, where they were nearly absent. Fibers with intermediate diameters were distributed throughout the crista, although they were more concentrated at the ends.In the nerves to three maculae, the number of fibers ranged from 3744 to 5538. The percentage of fibers of each size, however, was similar to that in the cristae. The greater portion of fibers had diameters between 3.0 μm and 3.5 μm. Because of the anatomical configuration of the maculae, it was not possible to compare fiber diameters from one area
Laryngeal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Anonsen Cynthia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea syndrome has been studied intensively since it was introduced in the 1970's; these studies have shown that the site of upper airway obstruction appears to vary among patients. Snoring is typically defined as the sound created by rhythmic oscillations of the soft palate in the inspiratory air stream during sleep. Snoring occurs in 100% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and, for selected patients, is treatable by surgery. Snoring can, however, mean different things to different patients and physicians. Five atypical cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are presented in which laryngeal dysfunction played a role in producing symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Recording nocturnal sounds during sleep and examining the entire upper respiratory tract may be important in determining appropriate medical or surgical management.
Family cancer syndrome: A study of the kindred of a man with osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible
Authors: Gardner Glendon M. , Steiniger Joseph R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral familial cancer syndromes have been identified. The syndrome of sarcomas, breast cancer and other neoplasms, known as Li‐Fraumeni syndrome, is characterized by several different neoplasms presenting at young ages with autosomal dominant transmission and a high incidence of second primaries.In this paper, we studied six generations (51 people) of the family of a 24‐year‐old man with osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible. Twelve malignancies in 11 people, including several rare tumors, were revealed. Mean age of presentation was 24 years old. Nine of the 11 patients died of disease. One developed a second primary. Two tumors presented in the head and neck. Transmission was autosomal dominant. The karyotypes of two family members were normal.Identification of Li‐Fraumeni syndrome in a family is important in determining appropriate follow‐up for the patient and family. Such families are models for studying carcinogenesis.
The surgical management of chronic parotitis
Authors: Arriaga Moises A. , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic parotitis is a disorder characterized by recurrent painful swelling of the gland with purulent sialorrhea. Occasionally, the condition fails to respond to medical management and definitive surgical therapy is necessary. Sialolithiasis is the usual etiology in cases of parotitis, although occasionally severe recurrent parotid infections are superimposed on underlying Sjögren's disease. Total parotidectomy with facial nerve dissection has been used in such cases in our department and has proved to be an excellent way to manage this disease. A summary of our results indicate that the recurring infections were eradicated and that the complication rate is tolerable, considering the magnitude of the problem. We feel that it is better to use surgical management early rather than wait for the formation of fistulae or abscesses.
Small fenestra stapedotomy using a fiberoptic hand‐held argon laser in obliterative otosclerosis
Authors: Gherini Stuart G. , Horn Karl L. , Bowman Carol A. , Griffin Gus 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObliterative otosclerosis has been a challenge since the advent of stapes surgery. “Drill‐out” procedures have had a generally poorer prognosis than conventional stapes surgery because of excessive bleeding, acoustic trauma from the burr, and reclosure of the oval window by otosclerosis.In this report, we describe our early experience using a hand‐held fiberoptic argon laser for small fenestra stapedotomy in 10 cases of obliterative otosclerosis. Closure of the air‐bone gap to within 10 dB was seen in 100% of the patients. There was no significant sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, or facial weakness. Argon‐laser stapedotomy using a hand‐held fiberoptic system is a safe and effective alternative to drill‐out stapedotomy in cases of obliterative otosclerosis.
Avoiding a wrapped endotracheal tube in laser laryngeal surgery: Experiences with apneic anesthesia and metal laser‐flex endotracheal tubes
Authors: Hawkins Donald B. , Joseph Mary M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNinety‐one laser laryngeal procedures using the apneic technique of anesthesia were performed in 28 patients between 2 months and 64 years of age. Seventy‐two procedures (79%) were performed on children and 19 on adults. There were no complications. Eight laser laryngoscopies were performed using a new metal Laser‐Flex® endotracheal tube. Obstruction of the endotracheal tube with a mucous plug occurred in one case. The apneic technique described in this paper provides a laser operative field free of an endotracheal tube, virtually eliminating the danger of a laser fire. It is a relatively safe and effective means of performing laser laryngeal surgery. In addition, the Laser‐Flex endotracheal tube appears to be an acceptable alternative to a metallic tape‐wrapped endotracheal tube.