bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Genetic Effects on Seed Weight of Tomato, and Effects of Seed Weight on Growth of Genotypes of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Nieuwhof M. , Garretsen Frida , van Oeveren J. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA study was made on the inheritance of seed weight of tomato, and on the effect of seed weight on growth of tomato plants. Use was made of 15 parental genotypes and 105 F1s produced by diallel crossing (F1‐seeds). From combining ability analysis of variance carried out for weight of F1‐seeds it appeared that the weight of seeds harvested from tomato plants was mainly determined by the maternal genotype and largely independent of the genotype of the male parent. A combining ability analysis of variance for weight of seeds produced by seilfing F1's (F2‐seeds) showed, however, that female and male parents contributed equally to the inheritance of seed weight and that the inheritance of seed weight is determined mainly by chromosomal additiveiy acting factors, but that also non‐additive gene action occurred.Genotypes with large seeds produced heavier seedlings than genotypes with small seeds, In later growth stages, the correlation between seed weight and plant weight became smaller, presumably, due to a lower relative growth rate of the seedlings from large seeds. For this reason, it is doubtful whether breeding of large seeded tomato cultivars opens up prospects of improving growth and yield of tomato plants.
Linkage Between the Incompatibility Locus Z and a β‐Glucosidase Locus in Rye
Authors: Gertz A. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses of plants from the same I0.1 line can be used for studying linkage relations between incompatibility loci and marker genes. Only one of the two incompatibility loci of rye has so far been localized, on chromosome 1R. In order to locate the second locus, crosses were performed with plants possessing known isozyme markers of the rye genome. Linkage was found with the β‐glucosidase locus on chromosome 2R. By combined analysis a recombination value of C.144 was determined.
Agronomic Performance of Wheat Doubled‐Haploid Lines Derived from Cultivars by Anther Culture
Authors: Baenziger P. S. , Wesenberg D. M. , Smail V. M. , Alexander W. L. , Schaeffer G. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo determine the level of gametoclonal variation among doubled‐haploid lines (DHLs) of Triticum aestivum L. developed using anther culture techniques and its effect on agronomic performance, 70 anther culture‐derived DHLs of ‘Kitt’ were compared for 7 agronomic traits to 50 single‐seed descent‐derived lines (SSDLs) of ‘Kitt’ and to the cultivar ‘Kitt’. In a second experiment, 26 DHLs of ‘Chris’ were compared for 7 agronomic traits to 29 SSDLs of ‘Chris’ and to the cultivar ‘Chris’. Each experiment was grown as a randomized complete block design with three replications in three environments. For ‘Kitt’, the DHLs averaged significantly lower grain yields than the comparable SSDLs. For ‘Chris’, the DHLs averaged lower, but not significantly lower, grain yield than the SSDLs. In both ‘Kitt’ and ‘Chris’, the genetic component of variance for yield of the DHLs was significantly larger than that of the SSDLs indicating the presence of gametoclonal variation. The lower average grain yield of the DHLs was explained by a larger group of low‐yielding DHLs than was present in the SSDLs. Six ‘Kitt’ DHLs and 3 ‘Chris’ DHLs were lower yielding than the lowest yielding SSDL, respectively. Elite DHLs and SSDLs were similar for mean grain yield performance. Though the DHLs and SSDLs were significantly different for some yield components, the affected yield component changed with the cultivar and there was no consistent effect. Significant genotype × environment interactions were detected for some traits which were caused by changes in the magnitude of differences, rather than reversals in ranking, indicating that low yielding DHLs could be culled on the basis of visual selection or single‐environment testing. Hence, gametoclonal variation was induced by the anther culture techniques used in this study, tended to be deleterious for grain yield, and was sensitive to the growing environment. However, as the DHLs and SSDLs had similar expected population means based upon expected gains from selection, this gametoclonal variation should not be a major hindrance to wheat breeding.
The Effect of Carbohydrate Composition and Concentration on Anther Culture Response in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Finnie S. J. , Powll W. , Dyer A. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCulture medium composition is critical for the successful induction of microspore division in vitro. The present experiments have focused on a relatively neglected area of cell and tissue culture research, namely the carbohydrate component used in the medium. Three spring barley genotypes were cultured on a medium which was modified by replacing sucrose with the following carbohydrates (6 % w/v): maltose, fructose, malt extract, galactose and a glucose (3 % w/v)/fructose (3 % w/v) mixture. Both maltose and malt extract were superior to sucrose in their capacity to induce green plantlet differentiation from microspores. The concentrations of both sucrose and maltose were also varied. Overall the response of anthers on maltose based media was higher than on sucrose based media. Furthermore, a concentration of maltose m the range 6—12 % w/v produced a higher frequency of green plants than a low concentration (1—3 % w/v). The effect of maltose based media on germplasm of direct relevance to barley breeders was also tested. The cultivar ‘Blenheim’ was shown to be very responsive and this genetic factor was transmitted to the F1 hybrid. The frequency of haploid to diploid regenerants was not consistent over genotypes, but in general there were more haploid than diploid regenerants. The implications of these results for barley breeding are discussed.
Efficient Yield of Embryoids by Culture of Isolated Microspores of Different Brassicaceae Species
Authors: Lighter R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMicrospore culture of rapeseed (Brassica napus) is well established in practical plant breeding as a potent method to produce homozygous plants. Except for B. carinata the method has not yet been applied to other Brassicaceae species. The present study describes successful microspore culture of B. campestris, B. nigra, B. oleracea and Raphanus sativus, overcoming the break down of such microspore cultures possibly arising from the release and accumulation of toxic substances into the medium. The modified procedure is as follows: exchange of the incubation medium after one day of culture, addition of activated charcoal to the medium and aerating the three day old microspore culture by agitating the petri dishes on a specially constructed shaker.
Alkenyl Glucosinolate Levels in Androgenic Populations of Brassica napus
Authors: Sieble Jutta , Pauls K. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe levels of individual and total alkenyl glucosinolates in seeds of microspore‐derived spontaneous diploid plants from low by high and low by low glucosinolate parent crosses were examined to assess the utility of haploidy in canola breeding. The distributions of lines in the populations supported previous proposals that alkenyl glucosinolate levels are under multigenic control. Levels of all of the individual glucosinolates were positively correlated and were significantly reduced in canola‐quality material in comparison to rapeseed‐quality material. The populations of microspore‐derived lines from low × high crosses were skewed to high glucosinolate levels but the population from a low × low glucosinolate cross had a greater proportion of low glucosinolate lines. The former observations can be explained in terms of the dominance of genes for high glucosinolate levels in Brassica napus. The present findings contradict previous reports that androgenic lines have higher glucosinolate content than the parents and in fact, haploidy may select for low glucosinolate lines when crosses between low glucosinolate parents are used.
Comparison of Progeny‐Testing Methods in Lolium perenne L.
Authors: Posselt U. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrom 28 genotypes, half‐sib families were generated by polycross (PX) and 2 topcrosses (TC). TC‐testers were partially inbred cms‐lines. Progenies were tested for annual dry matter yield in 3 successive years. The three year average was 80.7, 76.6 and 74.0 dt/ha for TC 1, PX and TC 2, respectively. TC 1 had the highest yielding families and the largest mean in all years. TC 2 revealed the largest range among its families. Genetic variance was highest for TC 2 with 14.02, followed by TC 1 and PX with 12.05 and 10.92. However, genotype × year interaction variance was about 2 and 4 times greater for TC 1 and TC 2 as compared to PX. Genetic correlation between testcross progenies was tightest for PX vs. TC 1 (rg = 0.644++), while between the two TC's only rg = 0.307+ was observed. Predicted response to selection yielded very similar results for all test‐crosses.
The Pedigree of German Oat Cultivars (Avena sativa L.) and the Occurrence of Fatuoids
Authors: Bickelmann U. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA pedigree of German oat cultivars is presented. Accordingly, the cultivars can be assigned to a few distinct lineages originating in crosses between initial landraces. The parentage of white/yellow cultivars includes crosses with black oat. Fatuoids were found in 25 German and foreign cultivars. Every lineage of the pedigree comprises cultivars known for forming fatuoids as well as cultivars up‐to‐now fatuoid free. Fatuoids were found in old and new cultivars. The difficulty of detecting fatuoids in field inspection or seed testing is discussed. The results show that the origin of fatuoids is not related to the lineage of the corresponding cultivars. The hypotheses on the origin of fatuoids arc discussed in relation to the oat pedigree.
A Chromosomal Variant Regenerated from Embryo‐Derived Callus of a Cross between H. vulgare L. and Psathyrostachys fragilis (Boiss.) Nevski
Authors: Pickering R. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA hybrid plant was regenerated from embryo‐derived callus after crossing Hordeum vulgare with Psathyrostachys fragilis. A mciotic analysis of pollen mother cells revealed the frequent occurrence of one ring bivalent and twelve univalents. It appeared that eight H. vulgare and six P. fragilis chromosomes were present and an unknown duplicate H. vulgare chromosome had compensated for the loss of one P. fragilis chromosome. Although it remains unclear whether the anomaly was present in the original explain or had occurred during the callus phase, the technique could be used to investigate genome homology between the two species.
Comparison of Progeny‐Testing Methods in Lolium perenne L.
Authors: Posselt U. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrom 22 genotypes, selfed (S1) and testcross progenies were investigated. The latter were generated by i) polycross (PX) and ii) 2 topcrosscs (TC) using cms‐inbred lines as a tester. Progenies were tested for annual dry matter yield in 3 successive years, the 3‐year average was 76.7 dt/ha for S, and 76.9, 80.1 and 74.5 for PX, TC 1 and TC 2, respectively. Genetic variance was highest for S1 (20.42), while the average of the 3 tcstcrosses was 12.22. However, the genotype‐year interaction variance of S, Was 52.21, being 2–3 times greater than for the 2 topcrosscs. PX progenies were the most stable across years. Predicted response to selection was highest for S1 (10.4 %). Genetic correlation (rg) between S1 and the testcrosses was highest with TC 2 (rg= 0.593144).
Genotypic Variation in Maize Shoot Biomass at Different Stages of Development
Authors: Léon J. , Geisler G. , Thiraporn R. , Stamp P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA diallel cross from nine early‐maturing lines of maize was grown in northern Germany during 1981 and 1982 in order to study the genotypic variation of shoot biomass at early and late stages of development. Inbred lines had been chosen from breeding programmes for early and medium early cultivars. Nevertheless, the date of maturity varied between them which can have some influence on the correlation between plant parameters. Plants were harvested at the fourth and sixth leaf stages, at anthesis and at maturity. S.c.a. effects were highly significant for traits during the vegetative stage. G.c.a. effects were highly significant for traits of the mature plant including grain yield components. The ratio of g.c.a. to s.c.a. effects for shoot biomass was dominated throughout the growing season by s.c.a. effects. Hybrids from the diallel cross had a superior growth rate until the fourth leaf stage; thereafter, relative growth rates of lines and hybrids were similar for the average of both groups until maturity. The correlation of g.c.a. effects and s.c.a. effects between shoot biomass throughout the season revealed that no significant relationship existed between early and late stages. G.c.a. and s.c.a. effects for grain yield components, with the exception of hundred kernel weight, were negatively correlated with shoot biomass at an early stage while correlation was positive at maturity. This would probably make it a difficult task to improve shoot growth and grain yield components simultaneously through the season.
The Diploidised Meiosis of Tetraploid Beta macrocarpa and its Possible Application in Breeding Sugar Beet
Authors: Lange W. , de Bock Th. S. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAccessions of Beta macrocarpa Guss., collected on the Canary Islands, were tetraploid (2n = 36). Three of these accessions were studied in detail. The plants were rather uniform in their morphological appearance, both within and between accessions, and were annual and fully self‐compatible. Meiosis was completely diploidised, suggesting an alloploid nature of the tetraploid species. Crosses with diploid B. vulgaris yielded triploid hybrids which were sterile or nearly so; a few descendants of such hybrids were highly aneuploid. Crosses between tetraploid B. macrocarpa and autotetraploid cytotypes of B. vulgaris showed variable results, only part of these crosses yielded tetraploid hybrids. The tetraploid hybrids exhibited somewhat higher fertility than the triploids. An F2 generation showed partial hybrid dwarfness, partial fertility and segregation for carliness and coloration of the hypocotyl. All hybrids had multivalents at meiosis (averages: 2.5—5.4 multivalents per pollen mother cell), indicating suppression of the diploidised meiosis. The possibilities of application of the diploidised meiosis in breeding sugar beet are discussed.
Distribution and Origin of Hybrid Necrosis Genes in German Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Oetmann Anja , Zeller F. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrid necrosis in Triticum is known to be caused by the interaction of two complementary dominant genes. In the present paper, the genotypes for hybrid necrosis of 64 winter wheat cultivars are presented. 41 cultivars were found to possess the Ne2 necrosis gene, whereas 23 cultivars were non‐carriers. The Ne1 gene was not found in any of the cultivars analyzed.
Resistance to the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) in Diploid Potatoes
Authors: Swiezynski K. M. , Dziewonska M. A. , Ostrowska K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA high level of PLRV resistance has been found in four diploid genotypes originating from resistant ancestors widely utilized in European potato breeding. Plants of these genotypes were difficult to infect not only with aphids, but also with graft inoculation. Their resistance is associated with limited virus spread, but not with intolerance.The level of PLRV resistance in these genotypes appears to be comparable to a high level of resistance detected recently in some wild potato species.Evaluation of virus concentration after graft inoculation with PLRV was found useful in the selection of potato genotypes highly resistant to PLRV.
Sexual Transmission of Somatic Embryogenesis in Dactylis glomerate*
Authors: Gavin Anita L. , Conger B. V. , Trigiano R. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA Dactylis glomerata L. genotype that produces somatic embryos in vitro was tested for the ability to sexually transmit the embryogenic trait. Reciprocal crosses were performed between the embryogenic and two non‐embryogenic genotypes. Leaf segments from 69 F1 plants were cultured on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium amended with 30 μM 3,6‐dichloro‐o‐anisic acid (dicamba). Somatic embryogenesis was expressed in 39 of the F1 plants. The embryogenic parent was female for 18 of these plants and male for the other 21. The 39:30 ratio of embryogenic: non‐embryogenic fits an expected 1:1 for tetrasomic inheritance of a dominant nuclear gene.
Inheritance of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Mlk in Wheat
Authors: Heun M. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of the Mlk powdery mildew resistance originating from ‘Heine 2174.50’ was analyzed by crossing the Mlk resistant cultivar ‘Ralle’× cv. ‘Amor’ (highly susceptible) and vice versa and by observing the reactions of F1‐ and F2‐plants after inoculation with two different Mlk avirulent powdery mildew isolates. In all cases, a 3 (resistant): I (susceptible) segregation was found in F2. The reactions of the F2plants against the two powdery mildew isolates were identical in each case. Therefore, it is supposed that one dominant resistant gene is responsible for the resistant reactions against these two isolates. These results support the earlier assumption of Heun and Fischbeck (1987b) that the whole Mlk resistance pattern is controlled by a single gene.
Observed and Predicted Genetic Gains from Single and Multi‐Trait Selections Using Three Mating Designs in Pearl Millet*
Authors: Zaveri P. P. , Phul P. S. , Dhillon B. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic components of variance, predict the response to selection and to evaluate observed response to selection using two populations namely, PSB 7 and PSB 3, of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeks). The observed response was studied using four methods of selection based on single and multitrait criteria in three types of families, namely S1, half‐sib (HS) and full‐sib (FS) families. One hundred SI, HS and FS families each were developed in PSB 7 and PSB 3. Plants within a population were pollinated with bulk pollen of other population to develop HS families. Crosses were made between a pair of plants using one plant from each of the two populations to develop PS families. Data were recorded on days to flower, plant height, tiller number, spike length, spike girth, seed yield per plant and spike weight. Additive genetic variance estimates were significant for all traits. The estimates of dominance and additive × location and dominance × location interaction components were not significant, except additive × location component in PSB 7 for seed yield and spike weight. The genotypic component of variance among S1 families and S1 × location interactions were significant except S1 × location interactions in PSB 7 for days to flower, spike length and spike girth.Twenty‐four strains were developed by intermating superior families identified on the basis of four selection methods in each of the six types of families.The selection methods were high seed yield (YS) per se; index selection (IS) for high tiller number and long and thick spike; truncation selection (TS) for high yield among the families having days to flower and plant height lower than the population mean: and visual selection (VS) after completion of flowering for good vigour, uniformity in plant height and good inflorescence attributes. YS and IS were found to be superior to TS and VS with respect to observed genetic gains for seed yield. That advance was higher in selection among SI families as compared with FS and HS families. In general, a good agreement was noted between observed and expected responses. Expected genetic gain from FS reciprocal (R) recurrent selection was higher than the average gain from HS‐R selection.
Mapping of Equipotential Zones for Cultivar Yield Pattern Evaluation
Authors: Gusmāo L. , Mexia J. T. , Gomes M. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing data from a triticale advanced line yield trial network, we attempt to define the zones, in Portugal, within which the joint regression can be established with enough accuracy and precision to be of practical value.The procedure comprises the following steps: adjustment of the joint regressions for the whole area; evaluation of the residuals in each trial; previous identification of geoclimatic zones; comparison of these zones with the residuals; adjustment of the regressions for the zones confirmed in the previous analysis, and testing the differences between the regressions for each zone.The experimental conditions allowed the differentiation of two main zones: “Nordeste Transmontano” and “Sul de Montejunto‐Estrela”, however, another zone, included in the latter and designated “Alentejo Litoral e Algarve”, is suggested though further experimental data are needed for sound conclusions.
Effect of Induced Autotetraploidy on Response to Sclerotinia Clover Rot in Trifolium pratense L.
Authors: Arseniuk E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of induced autotetraploidy on the response of red clover to Sclerotinia clover rot (SCR) was studied under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. To assess the response in the laboratory, the detached leaf technique was employed, whereas in the glasshouse and in the field, 6—14 weeks old seedlings and adult plants, respectively, were artificially inoculated with the pathogen grain inoculum.The results of the studies showed that great genotypic variability occurs within diploid (2×)and tetraploid (4×)red clover in response to that disease. Generally, tetraploid red clover, in comparison to diploid, is more resistant to SCR. The laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments showed that the effect of induced autotetraploidy on SCR resistance is positive. The hardening of plant with light and temperature enlarged the differences in reponse to SCR between ploidy levels, family pairs and individual strains with every testing method.Other factors, like plant age and flowering time, influencing red clover response to SCR are also discussed.
Diversity for Disease Resistance in Barley Landraces from Syria and Jordan
Authors: van Leur J. A. G. , Ceccarelli S. , Grando S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA number of barley landraces collected in Syria and Jordan were evaluated for resistance to yellow rust, powdery mildew, scald and covered smut by inoculating single‐head progenies with local pathogen strains during two years of field tests. A large diversity in resistance was observed for each pathogen both between populations of different collection sites as well as between head progenies within collection sites. The level of resistance varied from absolute and partial resistant types up to highly susceptible lines. No consistent association between the environmental conditions of the collection site and the level of resistance of the landrace‐lines could be found.