bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Availability and Intimate Partner Violence Among US Couples
Authors: McKinney Christy M. , Caetano Raul , Harris Theodore Robert , Ebama Malembe S. 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:  We examined the relation between alcohol outlet density (the number of alcohol outlets per capita by zip code) and male‐to‐female partner violence (MFPV) or female‐to‐male partner violence (FMPV). We also investigated whether binge drinking or the presence of alcohol‐related problems altered the relationship between alcohol outlet density and MFPV or FMPV.Methods:  We linked individual and couple sociodemographic and behavioral data from a 1995 national population‐based sample of 1,597 couples to alcohol outlet data and 1990 US Census sociodemographic information. We used logistic regression for survey data to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios between alcohol outlet density and MFPV or FMPV along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p‐values. We used a design‐based Wald test to derive a p‐value for multiplicative interaction to assess the role of binge drinking and alcohol‐related problems.Results:  In adjusted analysis, an increase of one alcohol outlet per 10,000 persons was associated with a 1.03‐fold increased risk of MFPV (p‐value for linear trend = 0.01) and a 1.011‐fold increased risk of FMPV (p‐value for linear trend = 0.48). An increase of 10 alcohol outlets per 10,000 persons was associated with 34% and 12% increased risk of MFPV and FMPV respectively, though the CI for the association with FMPV was compatible with no increased risk. The relationship between alcohol outlet density and MFPV was stronger among couples reporting alcohol‐related problems than those reporting no problems (p‐value for multiplicative interaction = 0.01).Conclusions:  We found that as alcohol outlet density increases so does the risk of MFPV and that this relationship may differ for couples who do and do not report alcohol‐related problems. Given that MFPV accounts for the majority of injuries related to intimate partner violence, policy makers may wish to carefully consider the potential benefit of limiting alcohol outlet density to reduce MFPV and its adverse consequences.
Effects of Intrapericardial Sotalol and Flecainide on Transmural Atrial Electrophysiology and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: VAN BRAKEL THOMAS J. , HERMANS JJ ROB , ACCORD RYAN E. , SCHOTTEN ULRICH , SMITS JOS FM. , ALLESSIE MAURITS A. , MAESSEN JOS G. 
Published: October 2008

Introduction:Intrapericardial (IPC) delivery of antiarrhythmic agents is an appealing idea to increase the therapeutic width and reduce side effects of drugs, particularly in the thin atria. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of IPC versus intravenous (IV) d,l‐sotalol and flecainide infusion on transmural atrial electrophysiology and sustained atrial fibrillation (AF) in the goat.Methods and Results:Effects of IPC and IV sotalol and flecainide infusion on epi‐ and endocardial atrial electrophysiology, ECG, and tissue drug concentrations were studied in goats without and with persistent AF (>24 hours). Epicardial atrial refractory period (AERP, bcl 400 ms) increased after 120 minutes of 1 mg/kg/hour IPC sotalol with 61 ± 8 ms (P = 0.02), whereas the endocardial AERP was not affected. One mg/kg/hour IPC flecainide increased the epicardial pacing threshold and the epicardial AERP with 4 ± 0.5 mA (P = 0.003) and 33 ± 11 ms (P = 0.05), respectively. Endocardial values were unchanged. Marked ST‐elevations in the precordial ECG leads were observed after IPC flecainide. In the AF group, IPC drugs did not prolong AF cycle length to a greater extent than IV delivery. The number of cardioversions was not different between the two delivery routes. A steep transmural drug concentration gradient after IPC sotalol and flecainide was observed in all heart chambers.Conclusion:IPC sotalol and flecainide infusion in goats markedly affects epicardial atrial electrophysiology. IPC delivery, however, does not prolong AFCL or terminate AF to a greater extent than IV infusion. This suggests that the perpetuation of AF is not dominated by the epicardial and sub epicardial atrial layers.
Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: PARK JAE H. , PAK HUI‐NAM , KIM SOOK K. , JANG JIN K. , CHOI JONG I. , LIM HONG E. , HWANG CHUN , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: October 2008

Mechanisms of CFAE. Introduction: The underlying mechanisms of complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not yet been clearly elucidated. We explored the relationships between CFAE and left atrial (LA) voltage, or conduction velocity (CV).
Methods and Results:
In 50 patients with AF (23 paroxysmal AF [PAF], 41 males, mean age 55.76 ± 10.16 years), the CFAE (average index of fractionation of electrograms during AF by interval‐analysis algorithm, cycle length [CL]≤ 120 ms) areas, voltage, and CV were measured at eight different quadrants in each patient's LA by analyzing a NavX‐guided, color‐coded CFAE CL map, a voltage map, and an isochronal map (500 ms pacing) generated by contact bipolar electrograms (70–100 points in the LA). The results were: (1) CFAE areas were predominantly located in the septum, roof, and LA appendage; (2) CFAE area had lower voltage than those in non‐CFAE area and was surrounded by the areas of high voltage (P < 0.0001); (3) The CFAE areas had low CVs compared with non‐CFAE areas (P < 0.001); and (4) The percentage of CFAE area was lower in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) compared with those with PAF (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The CFAE area, which is primarily located at the septum, has a low voltage with a lower CV, and is surrounded by high‐voltage areas. Underlying electroanatomical complexity is associated with clustering of CFAEs. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 20, pp. 266‐272, March 2009)
Emergency Department Crowding and Decreased Quality of Pain Care
Authors: Hwang Ula , Richardson Lynne , Livote Elayne , Harris Ben , Spencer Natasha , Sean Morrison R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of emergency department (ED) crowding factors with the quality of pain care.Methods:  This was a retrospective observational study of all adult patients (≥18 years) with conditions warranting pain care seen at an academic, urban, tertiary care ED from July 1 to July 31, 2005, and December 1 to December 31, 2005. Patients were included if they presented with a chief complaint of pain and a final ED diagnosis of a painful condition. Predictor ED crowding variables studied were 1) census, 2) number of admitted patients waiting for inpatient beds (boarders), and 3) number of boarders divided by ED census (boarding burden). The outcomes of interest were process of pain care measures: documentation of clinician pain assessment, medications ordered, and times of activities (e.g., arrival, assessment, ordering of medications).Results:  A total of 1,068 patient visits were reviewed. Fewer patients received analgesic medication during periods of high census (>50th percentile; parameter estimate = –0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.80 to –0.07). There was a direct correlation with total ED census and increased time to pain assessment (Spearman r = 0.33, p < 0.0001), time to analgesic medication ordering (r = 0.22, p < 0.0001), and time to analgesic medication administration (r = 0.25, p < 0.0001). There were significant delays (>1 hour) for pain assessment and the ordering and administration of analgesic medication during periods of high ED census and number of boarders, but not with boarding burden.Conclusions:  ED crowding as measured by patient volume negatively impacts patient care. Greater numbers of patients in the ED, whether as total census or number of boarders, were associated with worse pain care.
Postpartum management for gestational diabetes mellitus: Policy and practice implications
Authors: Kapustin Jane Faith 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose: The pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and insulin resistance, risk factors, links to diabetes following the pregnancy, and clinical practice recommendations for this population are reviewed. Economic implications and future research needs are included.Data sources: Review of original studies and meta‐analyses from Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library Online, and other scientific and public health literature; personal clinical experience with the population and dissertation research with women who experience GDM.Conclusions: GDM is a common condition experienced during pregnancy that is associated with long‐term maternal risks for the development of type 2 diabetes following the index pregnancy. For the woman with GDM, the trajectory of diabetes development can often be prevented or postponed with comprehensive education and lifestyle changes, but there is evidence to suggest that preventive efforts directed at this population can be improved. Because the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance as well as the costs of treatment of these disorders are escalating in the United States, attention should be focused on this vulnerable population.Implications: Nurse practitioners need to be cognizant of the risks for diabetes and should follow clinical practice recommendations for routine screening and implementing preventive strategies for women who experience GDM. Office reminder systems such as standardized documentation flow sheets and electronic medical records may assist with provider adherence to practice recommendations. Strict postpartum screening and management may help reduce risks for developing diabetes in this vulnerable population.
An unusual cause of knee pain discovered at a nurse practitioner clinic
Authors: Heins Janet Kaye , Heins Alan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose: To describe an interesting and instructive case of knee pain from nurse practitioner (NP) practice and discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of osteosarcoma.Data sources: Findings from the history, physical examination, diagnostic testing, and follow‐up of the case of an 18‐year‐old male who first presented with nontraumatic, diffuse left knee pain of 2.5‐month duration.Conclusions: At follow‐up, after a trial of conservative treatment, a lesion suspicious for osteosarcoma was seen in the proximal tibia. Osteosarcoma is a rare but dangerous cause of chronic extremity pain, especially in children and adolescents.Implications for practice: NPs must consider malignant bone tumors in the differential diagnosis of traumatic and nontraumatic extremity pain of extended duration, especially in children and adolescents. Thorough, persistent follow‐up on recommended tests and referrals is necessary to ensure that important findings are not missed. The care of uninsured patients requires particular attention to cost concerns and access issues.
Blood cultures for febrile patients in the acute care setting: Too quick on the draw?
Authors: Chesnutt Barbara K. , Zamora Martin R. , Kleinpell Ruth M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose:To review the fever literature and determine how 38.3°C was deemed the optimal fever threshold that predicts bacteremia.Data sources:PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health.Conclusions:A temperature of 38.3°C has come to be the threshold value that typically triggers diagnostic fever evaluation for bacteremia in hospitalized patients. Studies that define predictors of bacteremia provide conflicting results, and most bacteremia predictor models have not been externally validated. Therefore, current fever guidelines are based on consensus opinion rather than large clinical trials identifying a specific threshold with high sensitivity and a high negative predictive value.Implications for practice:The use of a single temperature threshold of 38.3°C for the prediction of bacteremia is not sufficient in all patients. Additional factors should be considered, including patient population, supporting clinical signs and symptoms, and the patient’s medical history.
A Crisis in the Marketplace: How Food Marketing Contributes to Childhood Obesity and What Can Be Done
Authors: Harris Jennifer L. , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Lobstein Tim , Brownell Kelly D. 
Published: October 2008

Reducing food marketing to children has been proposed as one means for addressing the global crisis of childhood obesity, but significant social, legal, financial, and public perception barriers stand in the way. The scientific literature documents that food marketing to children is (a) massive; (b) expanding in number of venues (product placements, video games, the Internet, cell phones, etc.); (c) composed almost entirely of messages for nutrient-poor, calorie-dense foods; (d) having harmful effects; and (e) increasingly global and hence difficult to regulate by individual countries. The food industry, governmental bodies, and advocacy groups have proposed a variety of plans for altering the marketing landscape. This article reviews existing knowledge of the impact of marketing and addresses the value of various legal, legislative, regulatory, and industry-based approaches to change. *This PDF was amended on Aug. 5, 2009: See explanation at http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.pu.30.090805.200009
Quantitative Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Liver Metastases from Pancreatic Carcinoma as a Predictor of Chemotherapeutic Effect and Prognosis
Authors: Tawada Katsunobu , Ishihara Takeshi , Kobayashi Akitoshi , Yamaguchi Taketo , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Matsuyama Masato , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Purpose: In pancreatic carcinoma, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression at the primary site has been suggested to be a prognostic parameter. We quantitatively analyzed VEGF expression in liver metastases from pancreatic carcinoma and examined the correlation among VEGF expression in liver metastases, clinicopathologic factors, and clinical outcome.
Experimental Design: The subjects consisted of 23 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had liver metastases and were treated with S-1 and gemcitabine as the first-line treatment. VEGF expression was quantitated by enzyme immunoassay in biopsy specimens of liver metastases and nontumorous liver tissue, and in plasma. In 10 of the 23 patients, VEGF expression was also quantitated in biopsy specimens of the primary pancreatic tumor. All samples were collected before treatment.
Results: The VEGF level in nontumorous liver tissue was 36.6 ± 10.0 pg/mg protein versus 376.8 ± 106.1 pg/mg protein in liver metastases (P = 0.0016). Pretreatment VEGF levels in plasma and in primary pancreatic carcinoma did not correlate with VEGF levels in the corresponding liver metastases. The median VEGF level in liver metastases (138.9 pg/mg protein) was used as the cutoff value between high and low VEGF expression in liver metastases. Patients showing high VEGF expression had a significantly longer progression-free survival and overall survival than patients showing low VEGF expression in liver metastases (P = 0.0219 and P = 0.0074, respectively).
Conclusions: Evaluation of VEGF levels in liver metastases might be useful in assessing the prognosis of patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma who are under systemic chemotherapy.
Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate
Authors: Orth James D. , Tang Yangzhong , Shi Jade , Loy Clement T. , Amendt Christiane , Wilm Claudia , Zenke Frank T. , Mitchison Timothy J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractKinesin-5 inhibitors (K5I) are promising antimitotic cancer drug candidates. They cause prolonged mitotic arrest and death of cancer cells, but their full range of phenotypic effects in different cell types has been unclear. Using time-lapse microscopy of cancer and normal cell lines, we find that a novel K5I causes several different cancer and noncancer cell types to undergo prolonged arrest in monopolar mitosis. Subsequent events, however, differed greatly between cell types. Normal diploid cells mostly slipped from mitosis and arrested in tetraploid G1, with little cell death. Several cancer cell lines died either during mitotic arrest or following slippage. Contrary to prevailing views, mitotic slippage was not required for death, and the duration of mitotic arrest correlated poorly with the probability of death in most cell lines. We also assayed drug reversibility and long-term responses after transient drug exposure in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Although many cells divided after drug washout during mitosis, this treatment resulted in lower survival compared with washout after spontaneous slippage likely due to chromosome segregation errors in the cells that divided. Our analysis shows that K5Is cause cancer-selective cell killing, provides important kinetic information for understanding clinical responses, and elucidates mechanisms of drug sensitivity versus resistance at the level of phenotype. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(11):3480–9]
17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin Down-Regulates Hyaluronic Acid–Induced Glioma Invasion by Blocking Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Secretion
Authors: Kim Mi-Suk , Kwak Hee-Jin , Lee Ji-Woo , Kim Hea-Jin , Park Myung-Jin , Park Jong-Bae , Choi Kyung-Ho , Yoo Heon , Shin Sang-Hoon , Shin Woon-Seob , Song Eun-Sook , Lee Seung-Hoon 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and tumor progression in gliomas. We previously reported that HA stimulates secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and induces glioma invasion. However, the molecular mechanism of HA action and therapeutic strategies for blocking HA-induced MMP-9 secretion remain unknown. Here, we report that the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) blocks MMP-9 secretion and that HA-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation is mediated by IκB kinase, which phosphorylates the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα and promotes its degradation. In addition, using an RNA interference approach, we show that the focal adhesion kinase plays a critical role in mediating HA-induced NF-κB activation, which resulted in increased MMP-9 expression and secretion, cell migration, and invasion. Importantly, we show that 17-AAG acts by blocking focal adhesion kinase activation, thereby inhibiting IκB kinase–dependent IκBα phosphorylation/degradation, NF-κB activation, and MMP-9 expression. This leads to suppression of HA-induced cell migration and invasion. Based on our data, we propose that 17-AAG is a candidate drug for treatment of highly invasive gliomas resulting from HA-induced, NF-κB–mediated MMP-9 secretion. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(11):1657–65)
Amiodarone Inhibits Arterial Thrombus Formation and Tissue Factor Translation
Authors: Breitenstein A. , Stämpfli S.F. , Camici G.G. , Akhmedov A. , Ha H.R. , Follath F. , Bogdanova A. , Lüscher T.F. , Tanner F.C. 
Published: October 2008

Background—In patients with coronary artery disease and reduced ejection fraction, amiodarone reduces mortality by decreasing sudden death. Because the latter may be triggered by coronary artery thrombosis as much as ventricular arrhythmias, amiodarone might interfere with tissue factor (TF) expression and thrombus formation.Methods and Results—Clinically relevant plasma concentrations of amiodarone reduced TF activity and impaired carotid artery thrombus formation in a mouse photochemical injury model in vivo. PTT, aPTT, and tail bleeding time were not affected; platelet number was slightly decreased. In human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, amiodarone inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and thrombin-induced TF expression as well as surface activity. Amiodarone lacking iodine and the main metabolite of amiodarone, N-monodesethylamiodarone, inhibited TF expression. Amiodarone did not affect mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, TF mRNA expression, and TF protein degradation. Metabolic labeling confirmed that amiodarone inhibited TF protein translation.Conclusions—Amiodarone impairs thrombus formation in vivo; in line with this, it inhibits TF protein expression and surface activity in human vascular cells. These pleiotropic actions occur within the range of amiodarone concentrations measured in patients, and thus may account at least in part for its beneficial effects in patients with coronary artery disease.
Intercultural Communication and New Forms of Citizenship
Authors: Elhajji Mohammed 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper presents some thoughts focusing on the problems of ethnico-cultural communalism, its meaning in the current global socio-political context and its implications with regard to principles of democracy, citizenship and the nation-state. It gives particular attention to the issues of interculturality and intercultural communication (IC) as central markers in the contemporary socio-political landscape. The author claims that IC (particularly in its communal and ethnic forms) may prevent or resolve the communal separation that threatens many groups throughout the world. Apart from the essential role it has in production, reproduction and circulation of meaning within, as well as outside, the group, the discourse developed by communal communication media is an ideological, reflexive construction whose aim it is to create an impact on the social cognition of its receivers. This is why ethnicocultural groups scattered around the world generally have effective communal media that reinforce their social, cultural and political cohesion at local, national and global levels. Because, as well as expressing their positions and views on the issues facing a nation's society, this formal discourse provides group members with a legitimate and coherent framework for action and argument.
African Cultural Diversity in the Media
Authors: Bidima Jean-Godefroy 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith the disenchantment with independence in Africa, economic failure, the crimes of the elites from the independence years, the paralysis of symbolism, and finally the states' loss of dynamism, the 1990s ushered in a so-called phase of democratization. This was about rethinking citizenship and the relationship to politics. This democratization was a response to the notion of diversity. This paper claims that the answer to this diversity issue fell far short of expectations and proceeds different examples taken from social, cultural and political life, including the struggle for recognition and the appearance of terrorist violence in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiparty systems designed to respond to the diversity question produced only many versions of the same by ignoring that true diversity is the encroachment on the same of the strange, the different and the unexpected.
Democracy and Recognition: Building Research Partnerships
Authors: Therrien Michèle 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper illustrates the demand for recognition by peoples through an analysis of the partnerships between researchers and Inuit communities in Canada and Alaska. One of the great questions concerns work in the field, namely to identify the most appropriate forms of interaction between researcher and informant, to recognize the multiplicity of indigenous voices, to avoid inappropriate generalizations, and to approach generational disparity.