bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The natural history of meniscal tears in anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency
Authors: Keene Gregory C.R. , Bickerstaff Derek , Rae Paul J. , Paterson Roger S. 
Published: June 2007

We reviewed the meniscal status of 176 consecutive patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament recon struction acutely (less than 6 weeks from injury), sub- chronically (6 weeks to 12 months from injury), and chronically (more than 12 months from injury). The commonest tear was the single longitudinal vertical split of the medial meniscus. There was an increasing inci dence of meniscal tears as the injury became more chronic, with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in medial meniscal tears; the incidence of lateral meniscal tears remained relatively constant. Seventy-five (43%) of the patients had one or both menisci repaired. Acutely, repair was performed more frequently on the medial meniscus than the lateral (80% versus 24%, respectively). All repaired menisci had single longitudinal tears unstable to probing. The inci dence of repair dropped to 46% in the medial meniscus and 14% in the lateral meniscus in the chronic stage. Nineteen (25%) of these 75 patients (26 menisci) underwent a check arthroscopy at a minimum of 6 months from repair. All 21 medial menisci and all 5 lateral meniscal tears had healed; however, 1 lateral meniscus had torn along the line of the sutures. At an average followup of 40 months, 92% of the repaired menisci were still in situ and 8% that had required resection were related to the recurrence of anterior cruciate ligament instability. This study highlights the increasing incidence of men iscal injury in chronic anterior cruciate ligament insuffi ciency with the meniscal tears becoming more complex and therefore less amenable to suture. We recommend that patients with anterior cruciate ligament instability be investigated for repairable meniscal tears and that ligament stabilization of the knee and meniscal sutures be considered early.
Lamotrigine Versus Valproate Monotherapy—Associated Weight Change in Adolescents With Epilepsy: Results From a Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Biton Victor , Levisohn Paul , Hoyler Sheri , Vuong Alain , Hammer Anne E. 
Published: June 2007

Recent trends toward obesity and associated health risks in children highlight the significance of weight gain as a side effect with certain antiepilepsy drugs. No previous study has prospectively compared, in adolescents, weight effects for two commonly used antiepilepsy drugs. We report results from a post hoc subanalysis of adolescent data from a randomized, double-blind study comparing weight effects of lamotrigine and valproate. Patients were 12 years of age with new-onset partial or generalized seizures who were randomized 1:1 to lamotrigine or valproate. Patients were escalated to a dose range of 100 to 500 mg/day for lamotrigine and 10 to 60 mg/kg/day for valproate based on clinical response, with target doses maintained for 24 weeks. Results are reported for adolescents aged 12 to 20 years. Weight changes during maintenance were higher ( P < .05) in valproate ( n= 20) patients than in lamotrigine ( n= 18) patients, and change in body mass index was higher ( P < .05) in valproate patients at the end of the study. At week 32, mean body mass index in the valproate group was above the 85th percentile representing “at risk for overweight.” Whereas weight remained stable in adolescents treated with lamotrigine, weight increased in those treated with valproate by week 10 of this study and continued to increase at the end of the study. ( J Child Neurol 2003; 18: 133—139).
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Trauma Patients
Authors: Shackford Steven R. , Moser Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2007

Trauma patients are at exceedingly high risk for the development of deep venous thrombosis and pulmo nary embolism. The incidence, pathophysiology, diag nosis, prophylaxis, and therapy of deep venous throm bosis and pulmonary embolism in the trauma patient are reviewed. The type of injury, systemic pertubations, and enforced immobility are important factors in pathogenesis. Patients with lower extremity injuries and spine fractures with paraplegia appear to be at highest risk. Orthopedic devices used to treat these injuries of ten preclude the conventional noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Further, hemorrhagic risk often impacts the judgment regarding the use of prophylactic measures as well as the therapy once deep venous thrombosis is diagnosed. Better data regarding the incidence of ve nous thromboembolism and the applicability of existing diagnostic, prophylactic, and treatment approaches in this population are needed. Accidents are responsible for over 140,000 deaths and approximately 70 million nonfatal injuries an nually in the United States [1]. Most of the fatalities occur within hours of injury as a result of exsangui nation or a lethal head injury, but approximately 20% survive for days or weeks [2], usually in the intensive care unit. The primary causes of late death are sepsis and multiple-organ failure [2]. Increasing evidence, however, suggests that pulmonary embo lism (PE) is now becoming a leading cause of late death, especially in some high-risk groups [3-5]. The increase in the incidence of PE is due in part to improvements in trauma care, which have lowered the early mortality rate [6-8], leaving more patients at risk for late death. In addition, autopsy examina tions, used more frequently to audit trauma care systems [6,9], have documented an increase in clini cally unsuspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and PE. This review was prompted because of the appar ent increase in DVT and PE in the trauma popula tion, and because the trauma patient presents very difficult and unique problems compared with the nontrauma patient with regard to the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of these disorders. In this review, we address the incidence, pathophys iology, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of DVT and PE in the trauma patient. We do not con sider the entities of fat embolism or pulmonary microemboli as a cause of late pulmonary failure.
Bone Formation on the Apatite-coated Zirconia Porous Scaffolds within a Rabbit Calvarial Defect
Authors: Kim Hae-Won , Shin Seung-Yun , Kim Hyoun-Ee , Lee Yong-Moo , Chung Chong-Pyoung , Lee Hae-Hyoung , Rhyu In-Chul 
Published: June 2007

Previously, a strong and bioactive ceramic scaffold consisting of a porous zirconia body coated with apatite double layers (fluorapatite (FA) as an inner layer and hydroxyapatite (HA) as an outer layer) was successfully fabricated. In this contribution, the authors investigate the in vivo performance of the engineered bioceramic scaffolds using a rabbit calvarial defect model. In particular, the porosity and pore size of the scaffolds are varied in order to observe the geometrical effects of the scaffolds on their bone formation behaviors. The scaffolds supported on a zirconia framework can be produced with an extremely high porosity (~84—87%), while retaining excellent compressive strength (~7—8 MPa), which has been unachievable in the case of pure apatite scaffolds (~74% porosity with ~2MPa strength). The experimental groups used in this study include three types of zirconia scaffolds coated with apatite; high porosity (~87%) with large pore size (~500— 700 μm): AZ-HL, high porosity (~84%) with small pore size (~150—200 μm): AZ-HS, and low porosity (~75%) with large pore size (~500—700 μm): AZ-LL, as well as one type of HA porous scaffold: low porosity (~74%) with a large pore size (~500—700 μm) for the purpose of comparison. The scaffolds prepared with dimensions of ~ 10 mm (diameter) × 1.2 mm (thickness) are grafted in rabbit calvaria defects. The histological sections are made at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery and immunohistochemical analyses are performed on the samples. All of the specimens show a good healing response without adverse tissue reactions. Good healing is shown at 4 weeks post-surgery with the ingrowth of new bone into the macropore-channels of the scaffolds. The newly formed bone amounts to ~19.9—24.2% of the initial defect area, depending on the scaffold type, but there is no statistical significance between the scaffold groups. However, the defects without the scaffolds (control group) show a significantly lower bone formation ratio (~4.3%). At twelve weeks after surgery, the extent of new bone formation is more pronounced in all of the scaffold groups. All of the scaffold groups show significantly higher bone formation ratios (26.7—46.9%) with respect to the control without the graft. In the comparison between the scaffold groups, those with high porosities (AZ-HL and AZ-HS) exhibit significantly higher bone formation as compared to the scaffold with low porosity (AZ-LL). Based on the present in vivo test performed within a rabbit calvaria defect model, it is concluded that the apatite-coated zirconia scaffolds show good bone forming ability and are considered to be a promising scaffolding material for bone regeneration since they possess a high level of both mechanical and biological properties.
Veni Cinderella Spiritus!
Authors: Habets Myk 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThrough a brief survey of developments in the doctrine of the Holy Spirit over recent years an obvious theological convergence is being witnessed between the Roman Catholic and Pentecostal traditions. Both traditions offer a form of sacramental pneumatology, both tie the Spirit to the Church and both traditions have been impacted by the charismatic renewal. This present article seeks to survey some of these similarities and offer some critical reflection on them, arguing that ultimately there is little to keep these two traditions apart.
The Recovery of the Holy Spirit in Evangelical Theology
Authors: Pinnock Clark 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article offers a positive overview of the resurgence of attention to the Holy Spirit in recent evangelical theology. Appreciation is registered for the reinvigorating effects of this development in the life of the church as well as in the work of academic theology, where fresh emphasis and perspective on the Spirit are treated in terms of their impact on each of the major theological loci. This concise summary of recent work on the Spirit draws together the insights of a number of theologians in relation to the author’s own widely regarded pneumatological study and provides a basis for some fresh suggestions on how to build upon the leads and gains that have been made.
Transposition and Tongues: Pentecostalizing an Important Insight of C.S. Lewis
Authors: Richie Tony 
Published: June 2007

AbstractC.S. Lewis explained the divine-human interface that occurs through the operation of the Holy Spirit in the experience of believers through his principle of transposition, exemplified in the practice of speaking in tongues. The main import of transposition is an adaptation from a higher to a lower medium. Transposition suggests tongues speech is an adaptation of a supernatural experience of the divine Holy Spirit to the natural medium of human expression. Being initially embarrassed by tongues but still intrigued by its biblical precedents, Lewis transports glossolalia from the realm of the hysterical into the realm of the holy. Taking Lewis’ idea even further, a Pentecostal approach to transposition suggests tongues speech is an event including supernatural, incarnational, transformational, sacramental, and eschatological nuances far beyond the status of mere ecstatic speech. The principle of transposition holds incredible potential for Pentecostal theology and spirituality.
A prospective study on the dying process in terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Morita Tatsuya , Ichiki Takahiro , Tsunoda Junichi , Inoue Satoshi , Chihara Satoshi 
Published: June 2007

To determine the physical and medical change in the dying process, a prospective study was performed on 100 terminally ill cancer patients. The mean (median) time from the onset of death rattle, respiration with mandibular movement (RMM), cyanosis on extremities, and pulselessness on the radial artery to death was 57 (23) hours, 7.6 (2.5) hours, 5.1 (1.0) hours, and 2.6 (1.0) hours, respectively. Death rattle preceded the other three conditions in 74 percent of the subjects, while RMM preceded cyanosis and pulselessness in 63 percent. The ratio of awake-drowsy-comatose patients was 56-44-0 percent one week before death, 26-62-12 percent in the last 24 hours, and 8-42-50 percent in the final six hours. The number of opioid users and average dose increased significantly as death approached, from 42 percent and 49 mg/day (parental morphine equivalent) four weeks before death to 87 percent and 139 mg/day in the final 48 hours. The frequency of extra dosage also increased significantly, from 32 percent (opioid) and 40 percent (non-opioid) one week before death to 68 percent and 66 percent in the last 48 hours, respectively. The change of physical signs and medical intervention when death is impending has a common pathway in spite of large individual variations; thus, understanding this nature can help clinicians to offer better palliative care to terminal cancer patients.
Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports of Serious Ventricular Arrhythmias, QT Prolongation, Syncope, and Sudden Death in Patients Treated with Cisapride
Authors: Barbey Jean T. , Lazzara Ralph , Zipes Douglas P. 
Published: June 2007

Context: Adverse cardiac events, typically long QT syndrome, have been reported in patients treated with the gastrointestinal prokinetic agent cisapride. Objective: To analyze cases of cisapride-associated long QT syndrome and ascertain the degree of confidence in the diagnosis of long QT syndrome and the presence of risk factors. Design: Review of all cases reported to the manufacturer, health authorities, or in the medical literature as of October 1999. Methods: Before review, specific definitions and a classification scheme were agreed upon. Each case was classified by confidence in the long QT syndrome diagnosis and the presence of recognized risk factors (cofactors) or other medical conditions that were listed as contraindications in the June 1998 United States labeling (labeled conditions). Results: Of 574 cases reviewed, 391 cases of long QT syndrome or isolated QT prolongation were confirmed. Most of these were classified as long QT syndrome with high (145, 37%) or medium (92, 23.5%) confidence in the diagnosis. Recognized cofactors were present in 262 (67%) cases. The proportion of cases with recognized cofactors rose with confidence in the diagnosis (P < 0.001) from 42.2% in the low-confidence group to 68.5% and 82.1% in the medium- and high-confidence groups, respectively. Conversely, the proportion of cases with other labeled conditions decreased with confidence in the diagnosis, from 33.3% for low confidence to 13% and 8.3% for medium and high confidence, respectively. Analysis of cases and prescribing data showed reporting rates decreased in studied months in 1999 compared with the average study period. Conclusion: In most cases with high or medium confidence in the diagnosis of cisapride associated long QT syndrome, recognized cofactors for long QT syndrome were present. The risk of cisapride-related long QT syndrome may be minimized by avoiding cofactors.
Beneficial Effects of Therapy on the Progression of Structural Remodeling During Healing After Reperfused and Nonreperfused Myocardial Infarction: Different Effects on Different Parameters
Authors: Jugdutt Bodh I. , Menon Vijayan 
Published: June 2007

Background: Structural left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction is a complex process with several pathophysiologic descriptors that can be modified by pharmacotherapy. However, the possibility that different classes of antiremodeling agents might exert different effects on different remodeling parameters after reperfused and nonreperfused myocardial infarction has not been systematically studied. Methods and Results: We measured detailed left ventricular remodeling parameters in vivo (echocardiograms) repeatedly over 6 weeks and ex vivo (planimetry) at 6 weeks after myocardial infarction in 36 dogs randomized (factorial design) after reperfused or nonreperfused myocardial infarction to 6 weeks of twice daily oral therapy with the calcium channel blocker amlodipine (5 mg), the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (5 mg) or placebo, and 18 matching sham or control animals. Compared to placebo and control groups over 6 weeks, both agents reduced left ventricular loading and limited overall remodeling in both reperfused and nonreperfused groups, but there were pertinent differences. Enalapril limited the increase in left ventricular asynergy in the reperfused group. Both enalapril and amlodipine limited infarct zone thinning in the nonreperfused groups but increased infarct zone thinning in the reperfused groups, despite preserved infarct zone collagen with amlodipine. Enalapril decreased left ventricular diastolic volume and mass more than amlodipine in the reperfused group and increased left ventricular ejection fraction in the nonreperfused group. Both agents limited regional and global shape deformation in reperfused and nonreperfused groups. Diastolic wall stress in the infarct zone decreased with amlodipine, and increased with enalapril and reperfusion. Conclusions: Different antiremodeling therapies may exert different effects on different remodeling parameters during healing after reperfused myocardial infarction. Significant interactions occur during reperfusion. More than one variable may be needed for the comprehensive assessment of the antiremodeling efficacy of different therapies.
Azimilide Inhibits Multiple Cardiac Potassium Currents in Human Atrial Myocytes
Authors: Chen Fuhua , Esmailian Fardad , Sun Wei , Wetzel Glenn T. , Sarma Jonnalagedda S. M. , Singh Bramah N. , Klitzner Thomas S. 
Published: June 2007

Background: Studies in animal cell preparations suggest that azimilide may produce a more desirable rate-dependent profile of class III action as a result of its effects on both the slowly (IKS) and rapidly (I cr) activating components of potassium current (IK). However, relatively little is known about the effects of azimilide on K+ currents in human atrial cells. The present study investigated the effect of azimilide on the inward rectifier potassium current (IKI), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (IKJ,), and transient outward potassium current (Ito) in isolated single human atrial myocytes. Methods: The tight-seal, whole-cell voltage clamp technique was used to investigate the acute effects of azimilide on K+ currents in single human atrial myocytes. The cells were isolated enzymatically from atrial tissues that were obtained from patients undergoing open heart surgeries, with the approval of the local Institutional Review Board. Results: The average cell capacitance of the human atrial myocytes was 77.5 ± 2.8 pF (Mean ± standard error of mean, total 28 cells from 17 patients). We found that 100,uM of azimilide in the extracellular solution significantly inhibited the inward rectifier potassium current (12.3 ± 3.1 vs 6.7 ± 2.0 pA/pF, n = 12, P < 0.05) at the testing potential of -100 mV. Superfusion with 100,uM of azimilide for 10 minutes inhibited IK by 51.7 ± 5.1% (from 3.4 ± 0.5 to 1.6 ± 0.2 pA/pF, n = 9, P < 0.01) at the clamping membrane potential of +40 mV. Human atrial cell IK, was inhibited with 100 jM of azimilide by 38.6 ± 4.4% (from 3.9 ± 0.5 to 2.3 ± 0.2 pA/pF, n = 9, P < 0.01, test potential = 40 mV). We also found that the average peak current amplitude of I,. in these cells was significantly inhibited with 100,uM of azimilide by 60.3 ± 5.9% (from 10.3 ± 1.5 to 3.6 ± 0.3 pA/pF, n = 6, P < 0.01, test potential = 50 mV). Conclusion: The present study provides direct evidence that azimilide inhibits multiple cellular transmembrane K+ currents in freshly isolated human atrial myocytes. Inhibition of these K+ currents by azimilide, especially of IKS and IKu, is likely to be the electrophysiologic basis for the prolongation of the action potential duration in the human atria which mediates its known antifibrillatory effects in atrial fibrillation and flutter.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Statins in Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Pate Gordon E. , Tahir M. Naeem , Murphy Ross T. , Foley J. Brendan 
Published: June 2007

Background: Aortic stenosis is an inflammatory process, as evidenced by increased tissue expression and serum levels of various endothelial cellular adhesion molecules. Aortic stenosis and atherosclerosis have many risk factors in common, including hypercholesterolemia. In atherosclerosis, statins lower cholesterol and display some anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that statins might also have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with aortic stenosis. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study measured levels of cellular adhesion molecules in 129 patients (88 male, mean age 68) with aortic stenosis (mean echo gradient 49 mm Hg, range 22 to 112) and compared levels in patients already on statin therapy for primary or secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, to those not on treatment. Concomitant conditions included hypertension (47%), diabetes (10%), and ischemic heart disease (54%). A comparison group consisted of 45 patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Results: Patients on statins (35) were more likely to have hypertension (62% vs 42%, P = .05), but no significant differences existed in sex, age, concomitant ischemic heart disease, or diabetes. Statin-treated patients had a 20% lower vascular cellular adhesion molecule level than those without (484 ± 143 ng/L vs 604 ± 245 ng/L, P = .006). The reduction in cellular adhesion molecule levels was consistent in patients with aortic stenosis alone, aortic stenosis and ischemic heart disease, or ischemic heart disease alone. There were no differences in the levels of the other adhesion molecules between the three groups, or related to statin therapy. Conclusion: Statin therapy is associated with reduced serum levels of vascular cellular adhesion molecules in patients with aortic stenosis. Vascular cellular adhesion molecule levels are similar in patients who have aortic stenosis, ischemic heart disease, or both. A prospective study is required to confirm this finding and to determine whether this suppression of endothelial inflammation translates into a slowing of the progression of aortic stenosis.