bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiocomplementary Enzymes: Classification, Molecular Basis for Their Enantiopreference, and Prospects for Mirror‐Image Biotransformations
Authors: Mugford Paul F. , Wagner Ulrike G. , Jiang Yun , Faber Kurt , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Other Bisphosphine Ligands for Enantioselective Alkene Hydrogenation
Authors: Chi Yongxiang , Tang Wenjun , Zhang Xumu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Foothold for Fluorocarbon Reactions
Authors: Perutz Robin N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Nitride Cluster Fullerenes: Their Current State and Future Prospects
Authors: Dunsch Lothar , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Biological Activities of Glycosphingolipids from Invertebrate Species
Authors: Hada Noriyasu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkenes with Ferrocene‐Based Ligands
Authors: Blaser Hans‐Ulrich , Lotz Matthias , Spindler Felix 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Phase Aqueous Hydrogenations
Authors: Joo Ferenc , Katho Agnes 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of the C‐2 Position of Imidazolium Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ennis Elliot , Handy Scott T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: Prospective Drug Delivery Systems and Application in Cell Transfection.
Authors: Theodossiou T. A. , Pantos A. , Tsogas I. , Paleos C. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biochemistry of Drug Metabolism — An Introduction. Part 4. Reactions of Conjugation and Their Enzymes
Authors: Testa Bernard , Kraemer Stefanie D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Excoecaria
Authors: Yin Bao‐Wei , Shen Li‐Ru , Zhang Man‐Li , Zhao Lei , Wang Yong‐Li , Huo Chang‐Hong , Shi Qing‐Wen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Achievements and Challenges in Generating Protocell Models
Authors: Zepik Helmut H. , Walde Peter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Biofuels to Produce Hydrogen (Reformation Processes)
Authors: Ramirez de la Piscina Pilar , Homs Narcis 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimuli‐Responsive Surfaces for Bio‐Applications
Authors: Mendes Paula M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodissociation of Aromatic Azides
Authors: Budyka M. F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of insulin resistance in normoglycemic patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Deveci Erdal , Yesil Murat , Akinci Baris , Yesil Sena , Postaci Nursen , Arikan Erdinc , Koseoglu Mehmet 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundInsulin resistance is clearly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetics. Insulin resistance may also be present in normoglycemic individuals, and some of these patients can be diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome (MS) according to various definitions. However, the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and CAD is obscure in normoglycemic individuals, especially in patients who do not meet the criteria for MS.HypothesisThis study evaluated insulin resistance in normoglycemic patients with CAD, and investigated the association of insulin resistance with inflammation and lipid levels.MethodsFifty‐six CAD patients, and 57 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with normal coronary arteries confirmed by conventional coronary arteries angiography were included in the study. Participants were considered for the diagnosis of MS according to criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEPATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, and c‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were studied. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) was calculated.ResultsThe ratio of subjects with MS was similar in the 2 groups. Insulin, CRP, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and HOMA IR were higher in the study group than in the controls. The HOMA IR, LDL cholesterol, and serum CRP levels were determined as predictors of CAD.ConclusionOur data revealed that insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation are present in normoglycemic patients with CAD. As the proportion of patients with MS was similar in the 2 groups, we suggest that HOMA IR values may provide more sensitive information than MS definitions about the association between insulin resistance and CAD in normoglycemic patients. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced testosterone levels in males with lone atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jiangtao Lai , Dongchen Zhou, , Shudong Xia, , Yunpeng Shang, , Lihong Want, , Liangrong Zheng, , Jianhua Zhu, 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundSex hormones play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Testosterone and estradiol have been reported to be down‐regulated in subjects with coronary artery disease and heart failure, but has not been studied in atrial fibrillation (AF).HypothesisLevels of sex hormones may be associated with susceptibility to lone AF in men.MethodsFifty‐eight male subjects who had electrocardiographic evidence of paroxysmal or chronic AF and a structurally normal heart on echocardiography were enrolled. Subjects were excluded if they had been taking angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), or statins within 3 mo or had a history of coronary artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, significant valvular disease, hyperthyroidism, or hypertension. Fifty‐eight controls were recruited from a healthy outpatient population. Serum total testosterone and estradiol levels were determined using a commercially available radioimmunoassay.ResultsMean levels of testosterone were significantly lower in subjects with lone AF when compared with controls (476 ng/dl versus 514 ng/dl, p = 0.005). No significant differences were found in the estradiol levels between the 2 groups (31.9 pg/ml versus 32.4 pg/ml, p = 0.789).ConclusionReduced testosterone levels may be associated with susceptibility to lone AF in men. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevated Serum Cardiac Troponin in Non‐acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Agzew Yeshitila 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCardiac troponins (CTn) are the most sensitive and specific biochemical markers of myocardial injury and risk stratification. The assay for troponin T (cTnI) is standardized, and results obtained from different institutions are comparable. This is not the case with troponin I (cTnT), and clinicians should be aware that each institution must analyze and standardize its own results. Elevated cTn levels indicate cardiac injury, but do not define the mechanical injury. The differentiation of cTn elevation caused by coronary events from those not related to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is tiresome, at times vexing, and often costly. Elevation of cTn in non‐ACS is a marker of increased cardiac and all‐cause morbidity and mortality. The cause of these elevations may involve serious medical conditions that require meticulous diagnostic evaluation and aggressive therapy. At present, there are no guidelines to treat patients with elevated troponin levels and no coronary disease. The current strategy of treatment of patients with elevated troponin and non‐ACS involves treating the underlying causes. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrocardiograms of Collegiate Football Athletes
Authors: Crouse Stephen F. , Meade Thomas , Hansen Brent E. , Green John S. , Martin Steven E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in American collegiate football athletes is virtually unknown.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to characterize the type and frequency of ECG abnormalities in a sample of football athletes entering National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision university program.MethodsOver a 4‐y period, resting and exercise 12‐lead ECG recordings were analyzed by a cardiologist from 68 freshmen and 9 transfer football athletes (n=77; 54 African‐Americans and 23 Caucasians, aged 18 ± 1 y, height=1.89 ± 0.06 m, weight= 104.4 ± 19.8 kg) as part of their entry physical examination.ResultsA total of 79% of the athletes demonstrated at least 1 abnormal ECG finnding, and significantly more African‐America athletes (85%) than Caucasian (65%) athletes. Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome was found in 1 African‐American player. Frequencies of various ECG abnormal findings in all athletes were: left ventricular hypertrophy = 64.5%, ST‐T wave = 6.5%, interventricular conduction delay = 2.6%, sinus bradycardia = 9.1%, sinus arrhythmia = 15.6%, first‐degree atrioventricular (AV) block = 11.7%, left atrial enlargement = 48.1%, early repolarization = 33.8%, and right axis deviation = 20.8%. Average values for the PR (0.17 ± 0.03 s), QRS (0.08 ± 0.02 s), and QT intervals (0.38 ± 0.05 s), P‐wave duration (0.10 ± 0.02 s), and QRS axis (79.1 ± 18.2 degrees) were normal. The ECG responses to maximal treadmill exercise stress tests were evaluated as normal without ischemia or arrhythmias.ConclusionAbnormal resting ECG findings are common in a sample of collegiate football athletes, exceeding the rate expected for their age, and are more frequent in African‐American athletes as compared with Caucasian athletes. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mortality increases when radical cystectomy is delayed more than 12 weeks
Authors: Gore John L. , Lai Julie , Setodji Claude M. , Litwin Mark S. , Saigal Christopher S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Single‐institution series have documented the adverse impact of a 12‐week delay between resection of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and radical cystectomy. These data are derived from tertiary centers, in which referral populations may confound outcomes. The authors sought to examine the survival impact of a delay in radical cystectomy using nationally representative data.METHODS:From the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare dataset, the authors identified subjects with stage II transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder who underwent radical cystectomy between 1992 and 2001. They examined delays of 8, 12, and 24 weeks and incorporated these delay cutoffs into multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival models. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, marital status, Charlson comorbidity index, and cancer grade.RESULTS:The authors identified 441 subjects with stage II TCC who underwent cystectomy during the study period. Compared with immediate surgery (ie, within 4‐8 weeks of transurethral resection), longer time to cystectomy increased the risk of both disease‐specific and overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; P < .01 and HR, 1.6; P < .01, respectively, for those delayed 12‐24 weeks; HR, 2.0; P < .01 for disease‐specific and overall death among those delayed beyond 24 weeks 1 year after diagnosis). Covariates associated with overall mortality included older age (HR, 1.04; P < .01) and comorbidity (HR, 2.0 for Charlson ≥3 vs Charlson 0‐1; P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:Delay in definitive surgical treatment beyond 12 weeks conferred an increased risk of disease‐specific and all‐cause mortality among subjects with stage II bladder cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Modulation of lung molecular biomarkers by β‐carotene in the Physicians' Health Study
Authors: Liu Chun , Wang Xiang‐Dong , Mucci Lorelei , Gaziano J. Michael , Zhang Shumin M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:β‐Carotene supplementation showed neither benefit nor harm among apparently healthy physicians (all men) in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS) trial. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate how long‐term β‐carotene supplementation affects molecular markers of lung carcinogenesis in the PHS.METHODS:The protein levels of total p53, cyclin D1, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA), retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ), and cytochrome p450 enzyme 1A1 (CYP1A1) were measured using the immunohistochemical method in 40 available archival lung tissue samples from patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer in the PHS. The protein levels of these markers were compared by category of β‐carotene treatment assignment and other characteristics using unconditional logistic regression models.RESULTS:The positivity for total p53, RARβ, cyclin D1, and PCNA was nonsignificantly lower among lung cancer patients who were assigned to receive β‐carotene than those who were assigned to receive β‐carotene placebo. There was a borderline significant difference in CYP1A1 positivity with an OR of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.2‐1.1; P = .06) in a comparison of men who received β‐carotene and men who received β‐carotene placebo.CONCLUSIONS:The 50‐mg β‐carotene supplementation on alternate days had no significant influence on molecular markers of lung carcinogenesis that were evaluated in the PHS. This finding provides mechanistic support for the main PHS trial results of β‐carotene, which demonstrated no benefit or harm to the risk of developing lung cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Heat flow on Finsler manifolds
Authors: Ohta Shin‐ichi , Sturm Karl‐Theodor 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the heat flow on Finsler manifolds. A Finsler manifold is a smooth manifold M equipped with a Minkowski norm F(x, ·) : TxM → ℝ+ on each tangent space. Mostly, we will require that this norm be strongly convex and smooth and that it depend smoothly on the base point x. The particular case of a Hilbert norm on each tangent space leads to the important subclasses of Riemannian manifolds where the heat flow is widely studied and well understood. We present two approaches to the heat flow on a Finsler manifold:

as gradient flow on L2(M, m) for the energy

as gradient flow on the reverse L2‐Wasserstein space 𝒫2(M) of probability measures on M for the relative entropy

Both approaches depend on the choice of a measure m on M and then lead to the same nonlinear evolution semigroup. We prove 𝒞1, α regularity for solutions to the (nonlinear) heat equation on the Finsler space (M, F, m). Typically solutions to the heat equation will not be 𝒞2. Moreover, we derive pointwise comparison results à la Cheeger‐Yau and integrated upper Gaussian estimates à la Davies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regularity theory for fully nonlinear integro‐differential equations
Authors: Caffarelli Luis , Silvestre Luis 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe consider nonlinear integro‐differential equations like the ones that arise from stochastic control problems with purely jump Lévy processes. We obtain a nonlocal version of the ABP estimate, Harnack inequality, and interior C1, α regularity for general fully nonlinear integro‐differential equations. Our estimates remain uniform as the degree of the equation approaches 2, so they can be seen as a natural extension of the regularity theory for elliptic partial differential equations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Hot‐Wire Electrochemistry
Authors: Gründler Peter , Frank Otakar , Kavan Ladislav , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHot‐wired electrodes: Thin metallic wires (d=25 μm) are covered with a 3 μm layer of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs; see image) by electrophoresis from a suspension containing excess ionic surfactant. A pure SWCNT surface is achieved by heating the electrode in air. Strong differences between covered and bare metallic electrodes occur with in situ heating during electrochemical experiments.magnified imageThe use and preparation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at thin metallic wire electrodes for hot‐wire electrochemical studies is described. The nanotubes were deposited on metal substrates such as gold by electrophoresis from a dispersion containing sodium dodecyl sulphate as an anionic surfactant. The formation of a layer of pure SWCNTs is achieved by thermal treatment at 350 °C. When heated in situ by a strong ac current, the electrodes can be used for electrochemical studies of nanotubes at increased temperatures. The state and functionality of the electrodes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry with both anionic and cationic redox systems (dopamine, ferrocene carboxylic acid). First time experiments at the heated SWCNT electrodes demonstrated an excellent suitability of these as‐prepared electrodes for thermoelectrochemical studies.
A Chemical System that Mimics Decoding Operations
Authors: Giansante Carlo , Ceroni Paola , Venturi Margherita , Sakamoto Junji , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe chemical informationstored in equilibrium mixtures of molecular species is larger than the sum of information carried by the individual molecules. Protonation equilibria in dilute dichloromethane solution of a shape‐persistent macrocycle bearing two 2,2′‐bipyridine units and two Coumarin 2 moieties (see figure) can be exploited to mimic decoding operations.magnified image
Sustainable Preparation of Supported Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Campelo Juan M. , Luna Diego , Luque Rafael , Marinas José M. , Romero Antonio A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMetal nanoparticles have attracted much attention over the last decade owing to their unique properties as compared to their bulk metal equivalents, including a large surface‐to‐volume ratio and tunable shapes. To control the properties of nanoparticles with particular respect to shape, size and dispersity is imperative, as these will determine the activity in the desired application. Supported metal nanoparticles are widely employed in catalysis. Recent advances in controlling the shape and size of nanoparticles have opened the possibility to optimise the particle geometry for enhanced catalytic activity, providing the optimum size and surface properties for specific applications. This Review describes the state of the art with respect to the preparation and use of supported metal nanoparticles in catalysis. The main groups of such nanoparticles (noble and transition metal nanoparticles) are highlighted and future prospects are discussed.