bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the cosmetic outcomes of ultrasound-guided versus palpation-guided conservative breast surgery in patients with early palpable breast cancer
Authors: Salama Ahmed M.F. , Abuelnasr Mohamed I. , Sweed Enas M. , Nawar Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
In conservative breast surgery, a larger volume of resected breast tissue is associated with a poorer cosmetic outcomes. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonography in the excision of palpable breast cancer aims to minimize the excision of healthy tissue ensuring oncologically safe excision, and hence, a better cosmetic outcome compared with palpation-guided surgery (PGS).

Aim
To compare ultrasound-guided surgery (UGS) for palpable breast cancer with PGS in terms of safety margin, re-excision rate, and cosmetic outcome.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study conducted on 79 female patients with early palpable breast cancer. Patients were randomized to undergo either UGS or PGS. The mean distance between the tumor and the resection margin, re-excision rate, operative time, cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction were assessed.

Statistical analysis used
Data management and statistical analysis were done using SPSS, version 28. Quantitative data were assessed for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test and direct data visualization methods. According to normality, quantitative data were summarized as means and SDs. Categorical data were summarized as numbers and percentages. Quantitative data were compared between the studied groups using independent t test. Categorical data were compared using the χ
2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to predict good to excellent patient satisfaction. All statistical tests were two-sided. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results
The UGS group showed significantly higher excellent panel evaluation (48.7 vs. 22.5%, P=0.028) and patient satisfaction (61.5 vs. 30%). The UGS group demonstrated significantly longer operative time but significantly lower re-resection rate and distance from tumor to resection margin (0.62±0.16 vs. 1.72±0.35 cm, P<0.001). The predictors of the outcomes were tumor T stage (T2 stages associated with less satisfaction), tumor to resection margin distance (the more distance the less satisfaction), and ultrasound use.

Conclusion
The UGS proves to be superior to PGS as it significantly decreases re-excision rates and improves overall cosmetic outcome and patient satisfaction.
The Clinicoradiological Outcome of Arthroscopic-assisted Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Rather Aabid Ahmad , Bhat Aamir Nazir , Gilani Mohammad Azhar , Bhat Jawed Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The fractures of the tibial plateau are intraarticular fractures accounting for 1% of all fractures. Surgical management of such fractures is often challenging because they require anatomical reduction and stable fixation, which will allow for early rehabilitation. Arthroscopy has evolved nowadays and arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation is a good option among the available surgical options.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study included 50 cases of tibial plateau fractures managed surgically by arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation starting from August 2019 to December 2022.

Results:
The patients were 39 years old on average and were mostly men (58%). The right knee was the most usually injured (53%), and the most common cause of injury (41.5%) was a fall from a height. The majority of these fractures (44.5%) belonged to Schatzker type 2, followed by type 1 (37%) and type 3 (18.5%). The average time to complete weight-bearing for a Schatzker type I fracture was 10 weeks, 11.5 weeks for a type II fracture, and 13.5 weeks for a type III fracture. The average time to union for Schatzker type I was 13 weeks, 15.5 weeks for type II, and 16 weeks for type III. The mean clinical and radiological scores using the modified Rasmussen criteria were 26.3 and 7.3, respectively.

Conclusions:
A good surgical outcome of tibial plateau fracture is acquired when anatomic articular surface reconstruction with the elevation of depressed bone fragment is combined with rigid stable fixation, which permits early rehabilitation. Arthroscopy helps in achieving these goals by providing a good visualization of the articular surfaces, adequate fracture reduction, and anatomical restoration of the joint surface and aids in thorough joint lavage to remove the intraarticular debris.
Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction with Modified Weaver–Dunn Operation Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft Comparative Study
Authors: Abozied Mahmoud Ahmed Sayed , Albegawi Hossam Eldin Abdelnabbi Ibrahim , ElAshhab Mohamed Gamal Eldin , Bayomy Elsayed M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is recognized as one of the most frequently occurring injuries most often after either direct or indirect force is applied to the affected shoulder. The best method of AC reconstruction is still controversial. Modified Weaver–Dunn operation (WD) is one of the popular operations. Recent ACJ reconstruction methods include the usage of the gracilis, semitendinosus auto grafts, synthetic grafts, end buttons, nonabsorbable sutures, suture anchors, and tight-rope system.

Aim and Objectives:
Clinical and radiological results of hamstring autograft versus modified WD operation for reconsrtuction of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective study was carried out at the orthopedic department of Benha University Hospital carried out on 30 cases with chronic ACJ dislocation. They divided into two groups. The modified WD technique was employed on 15 patients, whereas an autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft was used on the other 15. There was a comparison of radiographs taken before and after surgery.

Results:
Mean surgical time and coracoclavicular (CC) distance differed statistically between groups. Neither demographic data nor postoperative information (pain, range of motion, and postop) showed a difference of statistical significance between the groups. Constant score and post operative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES) and post operative complications show no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:
Both AC and CC reconstruction by hamstring tendon autograft showed good-to-excellent outcomes with no implant-related complications as some other treatment methods, also more anatomical procedure more than WD operation with better biomechanical vertical and horizontal stability.
Prominent Transverse Sinus of Pericardium is Uncommon Diagnostic Pitfall on Echocardiography: Clues to Diagnosis
Authors: Angjushev Marija Kotevska , Angjushev Darko , Dikic Ana Djordjevic 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transverse sinus (TS) is a normal structure of pericardium, usually visualized on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Rarely, when it is prominent, it may be visualized on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), as a mobile circumscribed mass in the parasternal short-axis view. Due to its location adjacent to left atrial appendage (LAA), it can be misdiagnosed as an LAA thrombus. A 41-year-old woman presented with heart failure signs. TTE showed a circumscribed mass (1 cm × 2 cm), in or adjacent to the LAA, suggestive of an LAA thrombus. Additional maneuvers with the transducer made it obvious that it was a prominent TS, adjacent to the LAA, while the appendage was empty. TEE confirmed the diagnosis.
Congenital Aneurysmal Tunnel of the Trabecular Muscular Interventricular Septum or a Partially Closed Ventricular Septal Defect? A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Shukla Madhu , Mohan Jagdish Chander 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Isolated congenital aneurysm-like deformity of the muscular interventricular septum is rare and may be associated with other congenital heart defects, ventricular dysfunction, conduction disturbances, and chromosomal abnormalities. It may be a partial or near-total defect. We report a tunnel-like congenital anomaly of the mid-muscular ventricular septum without other congenital anomalies or conduction disturbance in a 17-year-old asymptomatic girl. The partial ventricular septal defect was lined on the outer side by the right ventricular endocardium and showed partial obliteration during systole.
Integrated Psychological Rehabilitation Program on Neurocognition, Social Skill, and Functional Disability in Persons with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hegde Gayatri , Sahithya B. R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Schizophrenia, a chronic and severe mental disorder, is characterized by disruptions in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. These disturbances are accompanied by significant cognitive and social skill deficits that affect their functional outcomes encompassing employment, independent living, social interactions, and community integration. To address these issues, the development of psychological rehabilitation programs addressing cognitive and social skill deficits becomes pivotal in schizophrenia care.

Objective:
The study was designed to develop modules for the integrated psychological rehabilitation program (IPRP) that focus on neurocognitive functions, social skills, and functional disability and evaluate its feasibility among schizophrenia patients.

Materials and Methods:
The present study made use of a pre- and posttest research design and used purposive sampling to recruit patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twelve participants completed the 1-month IPRP along with the pre- and posttest evaluations encompassing cognitive functions, social skills, and disability using the Bender Gestalt Test, Social Skills Assessment Screening Scale, NIMHANS neuropsychology battery, Postgraduate Institute Memory Scale, and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II. IPRP consisted of psychoeducation, cognitive retraining, and social skills training.

Results:
The majority of the participants were college educated (91.7%), unemployed (83.3%), single (75%), males (75%), residing in urban areas (66.7%), and living in joint family (66.7%). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and posttest means. The results found significant improvements in various cognitive domains, including visuospatial ability (Z = 2.43, P = 0.015), remote (Z = 2.12, P = 0.034) and immediate memory (Z = 2.04, P = 0.042), verbal retention for similar (Z = 2.26, P = 0.024) and dissimilar pairs (Z = 2.82, P = 0.005), recognition (Z = 2.14, P = 0.032), total memory (Z = 3.06, P = 0.002), mental speed in terms of time taken (Z = 2.98, P = 0.003) and errors made (Z = 2.26, P = 0.024) on the digit symbol substitution test, comprehension (Z = 2.84, P = 0.004), social skills (Z = 2.807, P = 0.005), and overall disability (Z = 2.94, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
The findings from the study underscore the potential of the IPRP in mitigating cognitive deficits, enhancing social skills, and reducing overall disability among schizophrenia patients.
D-optimal Design Optimization of Solvent Mixture for Flavonoid Extraction from Phalaenopsis Leaves with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Sanjaya I Putu Wahyu , Sudarsono  , Chan Ming-Tsair , Sukma Dewi , Buchori Ade , Putra Raihan Permana , Nurcholis Waras 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
This study aimed to optimize the extraction of flavonoids and antioxidants from Phalaenopsis leaves by using solvent mixtures.

Method:
The total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the colorimetric method and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), respectively. Maceration extracts from fresh leaves were used for the analysis. The study used the Design Expert 13.0 program to optimize the solvents (water, acetone, and methanol) and their combined ratio.

Result:
The results showed that 100% acetone was the best solvent for both responses, with a desirability value of 0.884, TFC of 0.434 mg QE/g fresh weight (FW) and FRAP of 713.53 μmol TE/g FW. Screening of the most potent Phalaenopsis genotypes for obtaining the most active leaf extract showed that P. amboinensis and P. pantherina were the best genotypes for TFC (0.786–0.797 mg QE/g FW) and FRAP activity (862.25–891.48 μmol TE/g FW).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates an easy and useful way to obtain flavonoids and antioxidants from Phalaenopsis materials that can be used in the flower-based industry to make new functional ingredients.
Evaluation of Spermatogenic Activity of Polyherbal Compound Musalyadi Churna and its Protective Effect Against Nicotine-Induced Testicular Degeneration in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Khan Mujahid B. , Rathi Bharat J. , Thakur Sudarshan K. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The ancient science of life known as Ayurveda uses a variety of formulations or herbal compounds to treat a wide range of illnesses. Male infertility accounts for half of all infertility worldwide, and numerous etiological variables play a role. A pharmacologically active tobacco component called nicotine has a negative impact on male fertility and the reproductive system. Musalyadi Churna (MSC) is one of the polyherbal compound formulations mentioned in Ayurveda Classics for aphrodisiac therapy and recommended for the treatment of male infertility.

Objective:
The current study aims to evaluate the spermatogenic potential of MSC along with its protective effect against testicular degeneration induced by nicotine in rat models.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty adult Sprague–Dawley male rats were used in the experiment, which were divided into ten groups of six rats each. Nicotine was administered orally as disease control. The standard and vehicle control were also included along with study drug groups in which MSC was administered orally to the rats. The study was conducted for 70 days for each group with assessment of body weight and food consumption. After treatment, rats were weighed and sacrificed for evaluation of parameters like organ weight, epididymal sperm count, and sperm morphology along with histological assessment. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance test and Bonferroni multiple-comparison range test to compare different treatment groups.

Results and Conclusion:
In the present study, MSC possesses substantial spermatogenic efficacy, and the result indicates that the study drug possesses a protective effect against nicotine-induced impaired testicular functions in rats, but further research to elucidate its exact mechanism of action is essential.
Advancements in Nutraceutical Delivery: Integrating Nanotechnology and Microencapsulation for Enhanced Efficacy and Bioavailability
Authors: Gul Shanzay , Miano Tahseen Fatima , Mujeeb Anees , Chachar Muzafaruddin , Majeedano Memoona Islam , Murtaza Ghazal , Ahmed Wazeer , Khanzada Yasha Abid , Ansari Mariam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nutraceuticals, derived from various foods, have gained significance for promoting health and managing diseases. Despite their nutritional value, challenges such as low solubility, poor diffusion, gastrointestinal instability, and limited bioavailability impede their effectiveness as preventive agents. Nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems, including liposomes, nanospheres, nanoemulsions, micelles, and nanocrystals, offer innovative solutions to enhance efficacy and oral bioavailability. These advanced formulations not only augment the physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals but also enable targeted delivery. A diverse range of nanocarriers, encompassing liposomes to inorganic nanoparticles, addresses specific challenges in nutraceutical formulations, exhibiting unique properties such as heightened stability, palatability, and lymphatic uptake for increased bioavailability. Lipid nanocarriers facilitate the permeation of neuroprotective nutraceuticals through the blood–brain barrier, while liposomal delivery systems shield bioactives from oxidation and light, accommodating both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. In addition, polymeric nanocarriers, exemplified by micelles, outperform lipidic counterparts, ensuring controlled release. Natural sources contribute to the development of polymeric nanoparticles, offering controlled delivery with reduced toxicity. Polysaccharides and proteins diversify delivery platforms, encompassing the loading of nutraceuticals and functional nutrients. Nanotechnology emerges as a pivotal player in advancing the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of bioactives, with ongoing research focused on refining formulations, like curcumin, for effective cancer and inflammation management. While these advancements hold promise, careful consideration of challenges, including toxicity and cost, is imperative to fully unlock the potential of nanotechnology in nutraceutical delivery, ensuring both safety and cost-effectiveness. The significance of microencapsulation and nanotechnology in the nutraceutical delivery system is thoroughly explored in this comprehensive review.
Anterior approach for sciatic nerve localization: A novel observational pilot study utilizing sonoanatomical landmarks
Authors: Singh Rupali , Jain Richa , Singh M. Rupinder , Grewal Anju , Singh Gaurav 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anterior approach to sciatic nerve (SN) block has been an underutilized technique due to the technical difficulties and lack of accurate landmarks to guide the localization of the nerve. This prospective, observational study was planned to evaluate the sonoanatomical relationship of SN with femoral neurovascular complex and femoral shaft by anterior approach for easy identification.

Materials and Methods:
After ethics committee approval and written informed consent, sonoanatomy of SN in anteromedial thigh was observed in 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists I–III patients. Measurements of distance between SN, femoral shaft, and femoral neurovascular complex were taken. Surface landmark for probe positioning was also noted.

Results:
We observed that SN was consistently located in a triangular arrangement with femoral shaft and femoral neurovascular complex. Distance of SN from femoral shaft located superolaterally was 43.4 ± 12 mm. Distance of SN from femoral neurovascular complex located superiorly was 44.8 ± 11.4 mm. Distance between femoral shaft and femoral neurovascular complex was 39.1 ± 9.4 mm and distance of ultrasound probe placement for optimal visualization of SN from inguinal crease was 167 ± 29 mm.

Conclusion:
We propose a new and more distal sonoanatomical landmark for ultrasound-guided approach to anterior SN block which consistently localizes the SN in relation to femoral shaft and femoral neurovascular complex and can be easily performed in all patients in the supine position.
E-GVD: Efficient Software Vulnerability Detection Techniques Based on Graph Neural Network
Authors: Wang Haiye , Qu Zhiguo , Sun Le 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Vulnerability detection is crucial for preventing severe security incidents like hacker attacks, data breaches, and network paralysis. Traditional methods, however, face challenges such as low efficiency and insufficient detail in identifying code vulnerabilities. OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces E-GVD, an advanced method for source code vulnerability detection, aiming to address the limitations of existing methods. The objective is to enhance the accuracy of function-level vulnerability detection and provide detailed, understandable insights into the vulnerabilities. METHODS: E-GVD combines Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which are adept at handling graph-structured data, with residual connections and advanced Programming Language (PL) pre-trained models. RESULTS: Experiments conducted on the real-world vulnerability dataset CodeXGLUE show that E-GVD significantly outperforms existing baseline methods in detecting vulnerabilities. It achieves a maximum accuracy gain of 4.98%, indicating its effectiveness over traditional methods. CONCLUSION: E-GVD not only improves the accuracy of vulnerability detection but also contributes by providing fine-grained explanations. These explanations are made possible through an interpretable Machine Learning (ML) model, which aids developers in quickly and efficiently repairing vulnerabilities, thereby enhancing overall software security.
Abdominal cocoon syndrome-a rare culprit behind small bowel ischemia and obstruction: Three case reports
Authors: Vipudhamorn Witcha , Juthasilaparut Tawan , Sutharat Pawit , Sanmee Suwan , Supatrakul Ekkarin 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS) represents a category within sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, characterized by the encapsulation of internal organs with a fibrous, cocoon-like membrane of unknown origin, resulting in bowel obstruction and ischemia. Diagnosing this condition before surgery poses a challenge, often requiring confirmation during laparotomy. In this context, we depict three instances of ACS: One linked to intestinal obstruction, the second exclusively manifesting as intestinal ischemia without any obstruction, and the final case involving a discrepancy between the radiologist and the surgeon.
CASE SUMMARY
Three male patients, aged 53, 58, and 61 originating from Northern Thailand, arrived at our medical facility complaining of abdominal pain without any prior surgeries. Their vital signs remained stable during the assessment. The diagnosis of abdominal cocoon was confirmed through abdominal computed tomography (CT) before surgery. In the first case, the CT scan revealed capsules around the small bowel loops, showing no enhancement, along with mesenteric congestion affecting both small and large bowel loops, without a clear obstruction. The second case showed intestinal obstruction due to an encapsulated capsule on the CT scan. In the final case, a patient presented with recurring abdominal pain. Initially, the radiologist suspected enteritis as the cause after the CT scan. However, a detailed review led the surgeon to suspect encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (ACS) and subsequently perform surgery. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the encapsulating structure, resection of a portion of the small bowel, and end-to-end anastomosis. No complications occurred during surgery, and the patients had a smooth recovery after surgery, eventually discharged in good health. The histopathological examination of the fibrous membrane (cocoon) across all cases consistently revealed the presence of fibro-collagenous tissue, without any indications of malignancy.
CONCLUSION
Individuals diagnosed with abdominal cocoons commonly manifest vague symptoms of abdominal discomfort. An elevated degree of clinical suspicion, combined with the application of appropriate radiological evaluations, markedly improves the probability of identifying the abdominal cocoon before surgical intervention. In cases of complete bowel obstruction or ischemia, the established norm is the comprehensive removal of the peritoneal sac as part of standard care. Resection with intestinal anastomosis is advised solely when ischemia and gangrene have been confirmed.