bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the micromagnetic structure of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3film
Authors: Ziese M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe micromagnetic structure of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3film was studied using magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations. For a 150 nm thick epitaxial, strain relaxed film grown on SrTiO3evidence is presented from experiment and simulation that magnetic domains have a typical size of 1 µm at room temperature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the proof by reductio ad absurdum of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem for ensembles of fractionally occupied states of Coulomb systems
Authors: Kryachko Eugene S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the original reductio ad absurdum proof of the generalization of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem for ensembles of fractionally occupied states for isolated many‐electron Coulomb systems with Coulomb‐type external potentials by Gross and colleagues is self‐contradictory, since the to‐be‐refuted assumption (negation) regarding the ensemble one‐electron densities and the assumption regarding the external potentials are logically incompatible to each other due to the Kato electron‐nuclear cusp theorem. It is proved, however, that the Kato theorem itself provides a satisfactory proof of this theorem. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Small island states and territories: sustainable development issues and strategies – challenges for changing islands in a changing world
Authors: Douglas Calbert H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGlobal shifts and the international contexts of change occur at a range of intensities across local, regional and global spatial scales and levels of impacts. They affect small islands physically, environmentally, economically and socio‐culturally, and in their internal and external roles and responsibilities. This special issue explores the sustainable development issues and concerns that small islands face in a changing world, and the nature of their strategy responses. The coverage for the issue includes papers drawn from sustainability discourses related to practices, problems and solutions in areas of island living and operations. This includes indicators, social development, tourism, fisheries, energy and waste management, each of which links to sustainable development conceptualizations and environmental performance in resource usage and management in small islands. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustaining social development in a small island developing state? The case of Seychelles
Authors: Campling Liam , Rosalie Michel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSince the 1970s there has been a significant interest in small island developing states (SIDS). Since the 1990s the vast majority of this focus has been on economic and environmental ‘vulnerabilities’. This paper reaffirms the importance of ‘the social’ when analysing the ‘vulnerabilities’ of SIDS through a country case study of Seychelles in the context of its SIDS status. It outlines Seychelles' demographic processes and macroeconomic volatilities and discusses its post‐independence social development achievements. This paper provides critical analysis of how these achievements have been attained and considers the extent to which the present levels are sustainable. It argues that significant social gains are under threat from a range of domestic and international forces, potentially destabilizing the main pillar of the economy, tourism. The paper concludes that while the economic and environmental vulnerabilities of SIDS are of conceptual importance, reaffirming the centrality of the social is vital to understanding the potential causes and consequences of these vulnerabilities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Solid waste as an indicator of sustainable development in Tortola, British Virgin Islands
Authors: Georges Noni M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMany Caribbean islands are neglecting the role of waste in monitoring and assessing progress towards sustainability. Arguing that the material basis of the economic process dictates that solid waste should be among the priority indicators for small island developing states and territories, the paper explores the utility of waste as an indicator in Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. Substantial growth in waste quantities is challenging the island's capacity to process and assimilate wastes. Analysis of available data provided evidence of increasing consumption by residents and tourists, and increasing material intensity per unit economic output – unsustainable trends, which, if unaddressed, would result in Tortola moving away from sustainability. It is concluded that Tortola is in a good position to implement the use of waste as an indicator within its policy framework and could develop an understanding of the material dimension of its economic process, thereby providing an example for other Caribbean islands in assessing progress towards sustainability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Establishing sustainability indicators as an evolving process: experience from the island of Guernsey
Authors: McAlpine Patrick , Birnie Andrew 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper uses the case of developing sustainability indicators on the Island of Guernsey over the last four years to show that Agenda 21's call to activate grass roots action is being realized, but in ways that are neither top down and modernist in approach, nor bottom up and post‐modern as Agenda 21 advocates. Whilst best practice literature often suggests that community involvement must be engaged prior to designing sustainability indicators, this paper explores the reasons why this is not always possible. Guernsey's case is used to show how it only became possible to generate interest in the indicator process once the indicators were actually operational. It also shows that once interest was secured by a few relevant stakeholders it became possible to further evolve the indicators in a process that has slowly been attracting more and more of the island's community. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Islands in Europe: development of an island tourism multi‐dimensional model (ITMDM)
Authors: Chen Rachel J. C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper introduces an island tourism multi‐dimensional model. Its aim is to develop an approach for integrating quantitative models and qualitative techniques into a coherent and useful methodology. The island tourism multi‐dimensional model is divided into several modules as presented in the paper. They include geographic information system applications, economic impact assessment, forecasting modeling, accessibility modeling, seasonality modeling and alternative modeling. Forecasting models, economic impact assessments and geographic information systems can be used to project forecasts and demonstrate sustainable and economic development issues. The paper demonstrates that the outcomes of the accessibility and seasonality modules can be used to generate strategic plans of marketing segments, service engagement and community involvement. It suggests that by using alternative modeling the output of quantitative analyses and the input of private, voluntary and public sectors at community, business and governmental levels can be integrated with each other. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Clergy views on evolution, creationism, science, and religion
Authors: Colburn Alan , Henriques Laura 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSpurred by students who felt conflicted accepting evolution and the tenets of their faiths, yet knowing their faiths supported science and evolution, we began a study to determine the views clergy espouse on issues related to evolution, creationism, science, and religion. The resulting study included structured interviews with eight clergy and a religion professor, and a survey and questionnaire sent to each member of an organization made up of clergy. The data revealed a group who believed evolution and their religion to be compatible, that scripture was not meant to be understood literally, and who felt strongly that creationism did not belong in public school classrooms. The science education community may find in clergy an articulate ally in helping citizens to understand the contentious issues surrounding evolution and creationism. We share the insights that respondents provided on these issues and compared their views to those of teachers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 419–442, 2006
Dissociation between gene and protein expression of metabolic enzymes in a rodent model of heart failure
Authors: Morgan Eric E. , Chandler Margaret P. , Young Martin E. , McElfresh Tracy A. , Kung Theodore A. , Rennison Julie H. , Tserng Kou‐Yi , Hoit Brian D. , Stanley William C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStudies in advanced heart failure show down‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation genes, possibly due to decreased expression of the nuclear transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα). We assessed mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and RXRα, and for several PPAR/RXR regulated metabolic proteins at 8 and 20 weeks following myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation. Infarction resulted in heart failure, as indicated by reduced LV fractional shortening and increased end diastolic area compared to sham. There was a progressive increase in LV end systolic area, myocardial ceramide content and atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA, and a deterioration in LV fractional area of shortening from 8 to 20 weeks. Protein and mRNA expression of PPARα and RXRα were not different among groups. The mRNA for PPAR/RXR regulated genes (e.g. medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)) was down‐regulated at 8 and 20 weeks post‐infarction; however, neither the protein expression nor activity of MCAD was reduced compared to sham. In conclusion, reduced mRNA expression of PPAR/RXR regulated genes is not dependent on reduced PPAR/RXR protein expression.
The social bases of development: Hungary and Romania in comparative perspective
Authors: Negoita Marian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe present paper studies the relationship between state and development in the post-communist world. My strategy is to extend the applicability of the ‘developmental state’ concept to the post-communist context. Whereas the ‘developmental state’ model emphasizes the relationship between state bureaucrats and business groups, post-communist societies lacked a capitalist class at the beginning of transition. Using a concept developed by Mann (1989), I argue that capitalist development is associated with an increase in the infrastructural power of the state. This necessary condition is accompanied, in a late development context, by what I call ‘deliberative capacity’—the ability of the state managers to navigate between internal and external pressures in pursuing their goals. The comparative analysis of Hungary and Romania shows that, where capitalist classes are missing, a powerful technocratic class spurred by the industrialization process can transform the state if it is able to topple Stalinist bureaucrats from positions of power.
Tyrosine-derived polycarbonate membrane in treating mandibular bone defects. An experimental study
Authors: Asikainen Antti J , Noponen Jukka , Lindqvist Christian , Pelto Mika , Kellomäki Minna , Juuti Hanne , Pihlajamäki Harri , Suuronen Riitta 
Published: March 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the suitability of a novel bioabsorbable material in treating bone defects. A poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine-ethyl ester carbonate) (PDTE carbonate) membrane (thickness 0.2–0.3 mm) was implanted into the mandibular angle of 20 New Zealand White rabbits to cover a through-and-through defect (12×6 mm). In group 1, the defects were left unfilled but covered with membrane and in group 2 the defects were filled with bioactive glass mesh and covered with membrane, too. Controls were left uncovered and unfilled. The animals were followed for 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks, respectively. The material was evaluated by qualitative analysis of histological reactions and newly formed bone.
We found that PDTE carbonate elicited a modest foreign body reaction in the tissues, which was uniform throughout the study. New bone formation was seen in all samples after six weeks. Group 1 had more new bone formation until 24 weeks and after this the difference settled. Based on findings of this study it was concluded that PDTE carbonate membranes have good biocompatibility and are sufficient to enhance bone growth without additional supportive matrix.
Cytokeratin 15 expression in apocrine mixed tumors of the skin and other benign neoplasms with apocrine differentiation
Authors: MISAGO Noriyuki , NARISAWA Yutaka 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTTo clarify the features of apocrine mixed tumors (AMT) of the skin among benign neoplasms with apocrine differentiation in their relationship to follicular stem cells, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of CK15 (LHK15 and C8/144B), which is a relatively specific marker of hair follicle stem cells in the bulge, in 35 cases of eight different benign neoplasms with presumed apocrine differentiation. All eight cases of AMT of the skin showed CK15 immunostaining of the neoplastic cells, and all four cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, all five cases of spiradenoma, and both cases of cylindroma also showed a focally positive reaction to CK15. None of the other benign neoplasms with presumed apocrine differentiation showed CK15 expression. In AMT of the skin, the proportion of CK15‐positive cells in the follicular or sebaceous differentiation group (78.8%, average of four cases) was significantly higher than the group without this differentiation (8.8%, average of four cases). AMT of the skin are unique among benign neoplasms with apocrine differentiation in their substantial and constant CK15 expression, suggesting that they derive from multipotent epithelial stem cells in the bulge. AMT of the skin with follicular or sebaceous differentiation are considered to show an immature stage of apocrine differentiation still rich in stem cells or to originate from stem cells with an incompletely established apocrine fate. The partially positive reaction for CK15 in syringocystadenomas papilliferum and spiradenoma/cylindroma may depend on the ability to express CK15 in stem cells with an apocrine fate or result from the follicular and apocrine nature of this neoplasm.
Effects of alpha‐hydroxy acids on the human skin of Japanese subjects: The rationale for chemical peeling
Authors: YAMAMOTO Yuki , UEDE Koji , YONEI Nozomi , KISHIOKA Akiko , OHTANI Toshio , FURUKAWA Fukumi 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTAlpha‐hydroxy acid (AHA) agents, such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, have been used as therapeutic agents for more than a quarter of a century. Recently, they have been used as agents to rejuvenate photo‐aged skin. It is believed that these AHA agents induce the epidermis to remodel and accelerate desquamation, thus exerting their therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the histological differences in skin treated with glycolic, lactic, citric and acetic acids once daily for 6 weeks. The melanin pigments in the basal layer were less prominent in the glycolic and lactic acid‐treated skin than in the citric and acetic acid‐treated skin. The melanin deposits in the horny layers were equal for all AHA. However, the melanin deposits in the squamous layers were less prominent in the glycolic and lactic acid‐treated skins than in the citric and acetic acid‐treated skins; this was analogous to observations of the basal layers. Collagen I and procollagen I were increased after treatment with glycolic, lactic and citric acid in the upper dermis, but were not increased with acetic acid treatment. However, the staining of the epidermis and dermis for matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) after treatment was not significantly different among the agents. Our data suggest that longer treatment intervals with glycolic and lactic acid can cause improvements in both the epidermal and dermal components and support the usefulness of AHA for rejuvenating photo‐damaged skin.
A case of tinea nigra palmaris in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: UEZATO Hiroshi , GUSHI Makiko , HAGIWARA Keisuke , KAYO Susumu , HOSOKAWA Atsushi , NONAKA Shigeo 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe report a case of tinea nigra on the left palm of a 13‐year‐old girl. She had noticed a pigmented, asymptomatic macule on the left palm approximately 4–5 years prior to her first visit to our hospital. The color of the lesion tended to change before and after a bath; it became lighter after a bath and darkened some time later. Physical examination revealed that the macule was 4 cm × 5 cm in size, dark brown in color and irregularly shaped. Direct potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopic examination from skin scrapings revealed branched brown hyphae with light brown septa. A fungal culture on Sabouraud's agar media produced wet, medium brown, yeast‐like colonies, the surface of which later became black and shiny. A slide culture disclosed light brown, elliptic or peanut‐shaped conidia comprised of one to two ampullaceous cells. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the conidia showed both annellation conidia with lunate bud scars and sympodial conidiogenesis. Using extracted DNA from separately cultured fungi, we performed polymerase chain reaction with the primers specific to Hortaea werneckii. The results showed positive bands. We performed direct sequencing with the DNA segments from the positive bands. The causative fungus in our case was determined to be type C of H. werneckii on the grounds of the base sequences obtained. The final diagnosis of the present case was made as tinea nigra by H. werneckii. We also report a brief survey of all the cases of tinea nigra reported in Japan to date.
Adult variant of self‐healing papular mucinosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: Predominant proliferation of dermal dendritic cells expressing CD34 or factor XIIIa in association with dermal deposition of mucin
Authors: YOKOYAMA Emi , MUTO Masahiko 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTAccording to a recent classification, self‐healing papular mucinosis (SHPM) is a subtype of papular mucinosis (also known as lichen myxedematosus), which is in turn a type of idiopathic localized cutaneous mucinosis. SHPM tends to occur in children, but there have been a few reports of an adult type. We report a 70‐year‐old Japanese woman who presented with reddish, rice‐kernel‐sized papules of a few days’ duration on her right arm. She had a 25‐year history of rheumatoid arthritis, which had been well treated with a low dose of corticosteroid as well as some other medications. No paraproteinemia or thyroid dysfunction were observed. The eruptions spontaneously resolved within 2.5 months of onset. Histological findings showed a well‐circumscribed mucinous stroma surrounded by dermal mesenchymal cells, such as fibroblast‐like cells in the middle of the dermis. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive only for vimentin on the mucinous lesion. On the circumference of the mucinous lesion, these cells expressed either CD34 or factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). Because vimentin was common to dermal mesenchymal cells, we defined the cells expressing CD34 or FXIIIa, except for vimentin+ cells lacking CD34 or FXIIIa, as dermal dendritic cells (DDC). The findings of the present case suggest that CD34+ or FXIIIa+ DDC and tryptase‐positive mast cells on the perilesional area in combination with vimentin+ cells on the mucinous lesion might have given rise to the dermal deposition of mucin in our case. These cells, which are possibly activated in an autoimmune manner associated with rheumatoid arthritis, might play important roles in the development of dermal deposition of mucin in SHPM.
Syringoma‐like eccrine sweat duct proliferation induced by radiation
Authors: YOSHII Noriko , KANEKURA Takuro , CHUREI Hisahiko , KANZAKI Tamotsu 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe report a 45‐year‐old woman with breast cancer who had undergone surgery and radiation and anti‐estrogen therapy and presented with many reddish papules in the irradiated breast area. Skin biopsy of the affected area disclosed proliferation of eccrine sweat ducts and cystic structures; the clinical and histopathological features were consistent with syringoma‐like eccrine sweat duct proliferation. The lesions spread rapidly on her chest during radiation therapy and regressed spontaneously 3 weeks after its completion. We postulate that the lesions were induced by radiation, and promoted by anti‐estrogen therapy.
A case of bullous dermatitis artefacta possibly induced by a deodorant spray
Authors: IKENAGA Satsuki , NAKANO Hajime , UMEGAKI Noriko , MORITSUGU Ryuta , AIZU Takayuki , KURIBAYASHI Michihito , HANADA Katsumi 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTDermatitis artefacta is one of a spectrum of factitious diseases etiologically responsible for skin lesions denied by patients. These factors often make it difficult to identify the causative agents of the condition. Herein, we report a case of bullous dermatitis artefacta in a 12‐year‐old girl, for which a deodorant spray was suspected as the probable cause. Pathological examination revealed subepidermal blistering with full‐thickness necrosis of the epidermis, suggesting a thermo‐ or cryo‐induced injury. Psychological testing demonstrated her immaturity and dependence. In searching for the causative agent, we suspected a deodorant spray as a blister‐inducing agent. We succeeded in reproducing a similar blister lesion on the volunteer's healthy skin using the same spray. Psychiatric involvement significantly complicates the treatment of factitious diseases, including dermatitis artefacta. Cooperation among dermatologists, psychiatrists and the patient's family members is required for ensuring a favorable prognosis.
Acquired ichthyosis associated with an overlap syndrome of systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: LEE Hae‐Woong , AHN Soo‐Jin , CHOI Jung‐Chul , CHANG Sung‐Eun , CHOI Jee‐Ho , MOON Kee‐Chan , KOH Jai‐Kyoung 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTAcquired ichthyosis is a condition accompanying many systemic illnesses such as lymphoma, sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Overlap syndromes are defined as clinical entities which satisfy each of the diagnostic criteria of two different connective tissue diseases concurrently or consecutively. The coexistence of SLE with systemic sclerosis has been very rarely reported. We describe a 33‐year‐old woman with an overlap syndrome consisting of systemic sclerosis and SLE who developed ichthyosis on her extremities.