bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐line centrifugal separation of dispersed phases
Authors: van Wissen Ralph , Brouwers J. J. H. , Golombok Michael 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new device—the rotational particle separator (RPS)—is compared to the cyclone for the removal of ultrafine particles, such as cryogenically condensed contaminant droplets from natural gas. The comparison focusses on identifying for each configuration the smallest size of particle which has a 50% chance of being removed from the gas stream. Whereas a cyclone can only separate 1 μm droplets at very low‐throughputs on the order of 1 MMscfd, at the same energy consumption and device volume, the rotational particle separator removes droplets of that size at throughputs of 300 MMscfd. The advantage of the rotational particle separator, therefore, lies in its compact separation potential for full‐scale industrial gas well throughputs. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Selectivity for patch‐distributed reactive spherical surfaces
Authors: Wu Jui‐Chuang , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe selectivity of reactions on active patches over those on a partially active carrier surface is investigated for patch‐covered spheres. The effects of relevant parameters including patch and carrier reactivities, patch coverage, patch size, and patch separation state are studied. The selectivity is found to increase with increasing relative dominance of the patch reactivity over the carrier reactivity and patch coverage, as expected. Interestingly, it also increases with decreasing patch size and increasing patch separations. Decrease in patch size creates more patch–carrier interfaces and thus enhances the competition effectiveness of the patches against the carrier surface. With respect to the patch separation state, more complete utilization of the patches is achieved for well‐separated patches and thus enhances the selectivity toward the patches. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Involvement of alanine 103 residue in kinetic and physicochemical properties of glucose isomerases from Streptomyces species
Authors: Borgi Mohamed Ali , Rhimi Moez , Bejar Samir 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe Ala103 to Gly mutation, introduced within the glucose isomerase from Streptomyces sp. SK (SKGI) decreased its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward D‐glucose from 7.1 to 3 mM–1 min–1. The reverse counterpart replacement Gly103Ala introduced into the glucose isomerase of Streptomyces olivochromogenes (SOGI) considerably improved its catalytic efficiency to be 6.7 instead of 3.2 mM–1 min–1. This later mutation also increased the half‐life time of the enzyme from 70 to 95 min at 80°C and mainly modified its pH profile. These results provide evidence that the residue Ala103 plays an essential role in the kinetic and physicochemical properties of glucose isomerases from Streptomyces species.
Optical adjuncts for enhanced colonoscopic diagnosis
Authors: Taylor J C , Kendall C A , Stone N , Cook T A 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
Optical techniques using previously unexploited properties of light interaction with tissue may be valuable in the detection, diagnosis and staging of colorectal neoplasia.

Methods
A Medline search (1990 to present) was conducted on optical diagnostics in the detection of colorectal neoplasia. The reference list of each identified article was reviewed for further relevant papers.

Results and conclusion
Chromoendoscopy is the only optical adjunct to colonoscopy that has been tested in large randomized clinical trials. It improves the detection of small and flat colorectal adenomas, and of neoplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. All other techniques are the subject of ongoing research and the practicality of population screening with any of the methods has yet to be established. Optical techniques may, however, permit immediate clinical diagnosis, removing the need for histological analysis. They may also improve the diagnosis of early colonic neoplasia.
A General Strategy for the Rational Design of Size‐Selective Mesoporous Catalysts
Authors: Zapilko Clemens , Liang Yucang , Nerdal Willy , Anwander Reiner 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA series of functionalized mesoporous silicas with cagelike pore topology has been synthesized and screened for size‐selective catalytic transformations. The aluminum‐catalyzed Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction of differently sized aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde and 1‐pyrenecarbox‐aldehyde) has been investigated as a test reaction. The catalysts were synthesized in a two‐step grafting sequence comprising pore‐size engineering of mesoporous silicas (SBA‐1, SBA‐2, SBA‐16) with long‐chain alkyl dimethylaminosilanes and surface organoaluminum chemistry with triethylaluminum [{Al(CH2CH3)3}2]. Size‐selective reaction behavior was found for small pore SBA‐1 materials, and the selectivity could be efficiently tuned by selecting a silylating reagent of appropriate size. The results are compared with the catalytic performance of a large‐pore periodic mesoporous organosilica PMO[SBA‐1] and the nonporous high‐surface‐area silicas Aerosil 300/380.
The Effect of Hydrothermal and Non‐Hydrothermal Synthesis on the Formation of Holmium(III) Succinate Hydrate Frameworks
Authors: Bernini Maria C. , Brusau Elena V. , Narda Griselda E. , Echeverria Gustavo E. , Pozzi C. Gustavo , Punte Graciela , Lehmann Christian W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo novel hydrated holmium(III) succinates with formula [Ho2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)4]·6H2O (1) and [Ho2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2]·H2O (2) have been synthesized from aqueous solution under ambient and hydrothermal conditions, respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that HoIII is nine‐coordinate in both compounds even though their structures are markedly different, the main distinctive features being the [H2O]/[C4H4O42–] ratio in the coordination sphere, the conformation and coordination ability of the succinate ions, and the resulting framework dimensionality. Compound 1 is a 2D hybrid polymer and its crystal structure is unprecedented for rare‐earth succinates. It consists of centrosymmetric dimers of edge‐sharing HoO7(H2O)2 polyhedra linked by succinate ions in the [100] and [101] directions. Hydrogen‐bonded hydration water molecules connect layers to give three‐dimensional stability. Compound 2 is built up from infinite chains of HoO8(H2O) polyhedra linked by succinates that result in a 3D architecture. This structure shows that hydrothermal conditions favor an increase in the overall dimensionality of these hybrids, in agreement with theoretical considerations. The compounds were characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and the results are discussed in connection with the structural findings. The effect of the dimensionality on the thermal stability of both structures after removal of the hydration water molecules is also analyzed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A One‐Pot Asymmetric Sequential Amination‐Alkylation of Aldehydes: Expedient Synthesis of Aliphatic Chiral Amines
Authors: Wakchaure Vijay N. , Mohanty Rashmi R. , Shaikh Ahson J. , Nugent Thomas C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA one‐pot asymmetric sequential amination‐alkylation method has been developed for the synthesis of alkyl‐alkyl′ α‐chiral primary amines (aliphatic primary amines with a chiral center adjacent to the nitrogen atom) from aldehydes. In situ aldimine formation from non‐branched, α‐branched, and β‐branched aliphatic aldehydes with (R)‐ or (S)‐α‐(methylbenzyl)amine [catalyzed by 5 mol‐% Ti(OiPr)4] followed by reaction with a methyl, ethyl, or n‐butyl cuprate complex in the presence of boron trifluoride or an allyl Grignard reagent provides good yield (77–88 %) and diastereomeric excess (77–92 %) for amines 2 or 5. To further demonstrate the usefulness of this method, several of the secondary amine products (2d, 2e, and 5) were hydrogenolyzed, providing the corresponding enantioenriched alkyl‐alkyl′ α‐chiral primary amines 3d, 3e, and 6 (86–96 % yield).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Simultaneous detection of molecular weight and activity of adenylate kinases after electrophoretic separation
Authors: Ravera Silvia , Calzia Daniela , Panfoli Isabella , Pepe Isidoro Mario , Morelli Alessandro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAdenylate kinases (AKs) are ubiquitous monomeric phosphotransferases catalyzing the reversible reaction, AMP + MgATP = ADP + MgADP, which plays a pivotal role in the energetic metabolism. In vertebrates, six AK isoforms are known. In this work, we report the detection of many AK isoforms directly on gel or NC after separation by denaturing electrophoresis and electroblotting, by an optimized protocol for the enzyme detection. The method allows to clarify the apparent MW of most of those AK isozymes that follow the cited reaction, especially onto NC where bands are sharper due to the absence of protein diffusion. In contrast, GTP:AMP phosphotransferases are not detectable. AK activity from many sources can be detected in both its reaction courses; ATP production appears as dark‐blue bands, while ADP formation appears as nonfluorescent bands over a fluorescent background, under long‐wavelength UV light. We show that nondenaturing gel electrophoresis is not the first choice for AK activity detection. Our method is different from the preceding reports on AK activity detection in bacteria after native polyacrylamide gel separations, in the absence of SDS or methanol. The procedure is also quantitative, allowing to determine the amount of enzyme present in samples.
Characterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Foster Rebecca E. , Abdulrahman Mahera , Morris Mark R. , Prigmore Elena , Gribble Susan , Ng Beeling , Gentle Dean , Ready Steven , Weston Phil M. T. , Wiesener Michael S. , Kishida Takeshi , Yao Masahiro , Davison Val , Barbero Jose Luis , Chu Carol , Carter Nigel P. , Latif Farida , Maher Eamonn R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe most frequent cause of familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is von Hippel–Lindau disease and the VHL tumor suppressor gene (TSG) is inactivated in most sporadic clear cell RCC. Although there is relatively little information on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis of clear cell RCC without VHL inactivation, a subset of familial cases harbors a balanced constitutional chromosome 3 translocation. To date nine different chromosome 3 translocations have been associated with familial or multicentric clear cell RCC; and in three cases chromosome 6 was also involved. To identify candidate genes for renal tumorigenesis we characterized a constitutional translocation, t(3;6)(q22;q16.1) associated with multicentric RCC without evidence of VHL target gene dysregulation. Analysis of breakpoint sequences revealed a 1.3‐kb deletion on chromosome 6 within the intron of a 2 exon predicted gene (NT_007299.434). However, RT‐PCR analysis failed to detect the expression of this gene in lymphoblast, fibroblast, or kidney tumor cell lines. No known genes were disrupted by the translocation breakpoints but several candidate TSGs (e.g., EPHB1, EPHA7, PPP2R3A RNF184, and STAG1) map within close proximity to the breakpoints. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 9‐cis retinoic acid in the A/J mouse model: Evidence of retinoid mitigation of vitamin D toxicity
Authors: Mernitz Heather , Smith Donald E. , Wood Richard J. , Russell Robert M. , Wang Xiang‐Dong 
Published: January 2007

Abstract9‐cis‐Retinoic acid (9cRA) and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) show promise as potential chemopreventive agents. We examined 9cRA and 1,25D, alone and in combination, for their potential to inhibit carcinogen (NNK)‐induced lung carcinogenesis in A/J mice. A/J mice (n = 14/group) were treated with 9cRA (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg diet), 1,25D (2.5 or 5.0 μg/kg diet), or a combination of 9cRA (15 mg/kg diet) plus 1,25D (2.5 μg/kg diet) for 3 weeks before and 17 weeks after carcinogen injection. Lung tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, plasma 1,25D levels and kidney expression of vitamin D 24‐hydroxylase (CYP24) were determined. Compared to carcinogen‐injected controls, mice receiving 9cRA supplementation had significantly lower tumor multiplicity at all doses (decreased 68–85%), with body weight loss at the higher doses of 9cRA. Mice receiving 1,25D supplementation had significantly lower tumor incidence (decreased 36 and 82%) and tumor multiplicity (decreased 85 and 98%), but experienced significant body weight loss, kidney calcium deposition, elevated kidney CYP24 expression and decreased fasting plasma 1,25D levels. Although, there was no apparent influence on chemopreventive efficacy, addition of 9cRA to 1,25D treatment effectively prevented the weight loss and kidney calcification associated with 1,25D treatment alone. These data demonstrate that 9cRA and 1,25D, alone or combined, can inhibit lung tumor promotion in the A/J mouse model. Combining 1,25D with 9cRA has the potential to mitigate the toxicity of 1,25D, while preserving the significant effect of 1,25D treatment against lung carcinogenesis. The underlying mechanism behind this effect does not appear to be related to retinoid modulation of vitamin D catabolism. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPV integration begins in the tonsillar crypt and leads to the alteration of p16, EGFR and c‐myc during tumor formation
Authors: Kim Se‐Heon , Koo Bon‐Seok , Kang Suki , Park Kyeongmee , Kim Haeryoung , Lee Kyung Ryul , Lee Moo Joo , Kim Jong Man , Choi Eun Chang , Cho Nam Hoon 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is high in the oropharyngeal mucosal regions, of which the tonsil is the most commonly affected. There may be a link between HPV and the pathogenesis of tonsillar cancer (TC), because of common anatomical characteristics between cervical and tonsillar cancer. We aimed to clarify whether HPV directly affects the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of TC by making a comparison between infection prevalence, physical status and viral loading numbers, and clinicopathologic prognostic factors. To compare HPV‐related molecules between TC and tonsillitis (CFT), p16, survivin, HIF‐1α, skp‐1, cyclin A, cyclin B1, c‐myc and EGFR were investigated. We observed a significant difference in HPV prevalence between 52 TCs and 69 CFTs (73.1% vs. 11.6%), and most of the HPVs were type 16 (87.2%) and nonepisomal (94.1%). Most TCs associated with HPV arose from the tonsillar crypts, and tended to be inverted and poorly differentiated. Compared with HPV‐negative TC, HPV‐positive TC showed a strong association with p16 overexpression (p < 0.0001), and an inverse association with EGFR amplification (p = 0.0478). HPV‐16 integration status was strongly associated with c‐myc amplification (p = 0.034) and HIF‐1α overexpression (p = 0.022). HPV‐16 integration could be directly related to tonsillar carcinogenesis initially in tonsillar crypts, followed by cell cycle aberration such as p16 overexpression related to the G1‐S phase. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of CCR9 in HTLV‐1+ T cells and ATL cells expressing Tax
Authors: Nagakubo Daisuke , Jin Zhe , Hieshima Kunio , Nakayama Takashi , Shirakawa Aiko‐Konno , Tanaka Yuetsu , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Hayashi Tomayoshi , Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Yamada Yasuaki , Yoshie Osamu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) is a highly aggressive mature CD4+ T‐cell malignancy that is etiologically associated with human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1). ATL is characterized by frequent infiltration of lymph nodes, spleen, liver, skin and gut. Previously, we and others have shown that the majority of ATL cases are strongly positive for CCR4, which may explain the frequent skin invasion of ATL. Here, we examined whether ATL cells express CCR9, which is involved in T‐cell homing to the gastrointestinal tract. Human T cell lines carrying HTLV‐1 consistently expressed CCR9 together with the HTLV‐1‐encoded transcriptional activator Tax. Although ATL cells freshly isolated from peripheral blood hardly expressed CCR9, ATL cells cultured for 1 day consistently expressed CCR9 in parallel with the upregulation of Tax. Induction of Tax by Cd2+ in JPX‐9, a subline of Jurkat human T cell line carrying Tax under the control of metallothionein promoter, led to upregulation of CCR9. A luciferase reporter gene under the control of the CCR9 promoter was expressed by cotransfection of an expression vector for Tax or in Cd2+‐treated JPX‐9 cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that ATL cells infiltrating gastrointestinal tract were frequently positive for CCR9. Collectively, CCR9 is inducible in ATL cells expressing Tax and may play a role in the gastrointestinal involvement of ATL. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A retrospective case–control study of the use of hormone‐related supplements and association with breast cancer
Authors: Rebbeck Timothy R. , Troxel Andrea B. , Norman Sandra , Bunin Greta R. , DeMichele Angela , Baumgarten Mona , Berlin Michelle , Schinnar Rita , Strom Brian L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHormone‐related supplements (HRS), many of which contain phytoestrogens, are widely used to manage menopausal symptoms, yet their relationship with breast cancer risk has generally not been evaluated. We evaluated whether use of HRS was associated with breast cancer risk, using a population‐based case–control study in 3 counties of the Philadelphia metropolitan area consisting of 949 breast cancer cases and 1,524 controls. Use of HRS varied significantly by race, with African American women being more likely than European American women to use any herbal preparation (19.2% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.003) as well as specific preparations including black cohosh (5.4% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.003), ginseng (12.5% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001) and red clover (4.7% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001). Use of black cohosh had a significant breast cancer protective effect (adjusted odds ratio 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22–0.70). This association was similar among women who reported use of either black cohosh or Remifemin (an herbal preparation derived from black cohosh; adjusted odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27–0.82). The literature reports that black cohosh may be effective in treating menopausal symptoms, and has antiestrogenic, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. Additional confirmatory studies are required to determine whether black cohosh could be used to prevent breast cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and risk of lung cancer
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , García Rodríguez Luis A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRegular aspirin and non‐aspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The effect of NSAIDs on the risk of other cancers remains unclear. To evaluate whether use of aspirin or other specific NSAIDs protects against lung cancer, we conducted a case–control study nested in a cohort of subjects 40–84 years old in 1995–2004, without a diagnosis of cancer before the study start date, and with at least 2 years of enrollment with a general practitioner providing data to the The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in the UK. Patients who had a first diagnosis of primary lung cancer during the study period were considered cases. A random sample of 10,000 controls was frequency‐matched to the cases for age, sex and calendar year. The index date for exposure definition was 1 year before the date of diagnosis for cases and 1 year before a random date within the study period for controls. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression stratified for matching factors. Factors such as smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases and body mass index were introduced in the model. We identified 4,336 cases with primary incident lung cancer (incidence rate 7.6 per 10,000 person‐years). Compared with subjects with no prescription of non‐aspirin NSAID prior to the index date, the risk of lung cancer was 0.76 (0.61–0.94) among those who received a prescription the previous year and had a treatment duration of at least 1 year. The corresponding relative risk was 1.15 (0.99–1.34) for aspirin. In conclusion, prescription of non‐aspirin NSAIDs for at least 1 year might be associated with a slightly reduced risk of lung cancer. Aspirin was not associated with a risk reduction, perhaps due to residual confounding. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends and Experiences in Liver Retransplantation Over 15 Years
Authors: Pfitzmann Robert , Benscheidt Birgit , Langrehr Jan Michael , Schumacher Guido , Neuhaus Ruth , Neuhaus Peter 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Compared to primary liver transplantation (LT), the inferior results in the outcome of liver retransplantation (re-LT) continue to be a major challenge. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in and outcomes of re-LT over a period of 15 years at the Charité Virchow Clinic. Between 1989 and 2003, we performed 1,619 LTs and 157 re-LTs (9.7%) in 1,462 patients. A total of 119 retransplants (50 females, 69 males) were analyzed after consideration of exclusion criteria: recipient age <16 years, second re-LT, primary LT as split-liver or living-related LT, or combination with renal transplantation or Whipple operation. All patients received a whole-size organ. Mean follow-up was 62 months (6 days to 187 months). The main indications for re-LT were initial nonfunction (26.9%), recurrence of viral-induced hepatitis (20.2%), or acute and chronic rejection or thrombosis of the hepatic artery (both 16.8%). The main causes of death were bacterial infections (26.0%) as well as bleeding complications or recurrence of disease (both 16.0%) within the first postoperative month. Overall, 50 out of 119 patients (42%) died after re-LT, 26 patients within the first 3 months and 38 within 1 year. Overall patient survival was 89.9% after 1 month, 78.2% after 1 year, and 67.1% after 5 years. In conclusion, our study showed good clinical results after re-LT. Apart from the changing indications for re-LT with an increasing amount of initial organ failure and hepatic artery thrombosis, the analysis also showed a decreasing amount of complications such as rejection, ischemic type biliary lesions, and recurrence of the disease with unchanged outcome over a period of 15 years. Liver Transpl, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.