bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface‐modified poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanospheres for targeted bone imaging with enhanced labeling and delivery of radioisotope
Authors: Park Yoon Jeong , Nah Sook Hee , Lee Jue Yeon , Jeong Jae Min , Chung Jun Key , Lee Myung Chul , Yang Victor C. , Lee Seung Jin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSurface‐modified nanospheres can be utilized for targeting drugs and diagnostic agents to the bone and bone marrow while extending their circulation time in the blood stream. The surface modification of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres by radioisotope carrying poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly (propylene oxide)‐poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers (Poloxamer 407) has been assessed
by in vitro characterization and in vivo biodistribution studies after intravenous administration of the nanospheres to the mouse. A hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, a ligand for 125I and 131I labeling, was conjugated to the hydroxyl group of the Poloxamer 407 by using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. The ligand‐conjugated Poloxamer 407 was adsorbed onto the surface of PLGA nanospheres. Surface coating was confirmed by measuring both size distribution and the
surface charge of the nanospheres. Besides, 125I‐labeling efficiency, radiolabeling stability, whole body imaging, and biodistribution of the radioisotope‐labeled nanospheres were examined. Ligand‐labeled, surface‐modified PLGA nanospheres were in 100‐nm size ranges, which may be adequate for long‐circulation and further bone imaging. 125I‐labeling efficiency was >90% and was more stable at human serum for 24 h. A
noticeable decrease in liver or spleen uptake was obtained by the surface‐modified nanospheres. 125I‐labeled nanospheres showed higher blood maintenance and bone uptake compared with stannous colloid with the same size distribution. Therefore, a fully biodegradable, radioisotope‐carrying, surface‐modified nanosphere system has been developed as a promising tool for targeting bone and bone marrows. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A:
751–760, 2003
P‐selectin dependent targeting to inflamed endothelium of recombinant P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 immunoglobulin chimera‐coated poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide]‐DNA polyplexes in vivo visualised by intravital microscopy
Authors: Newman Christopher M. , Crosdale Daniel J. , Fisher Kerry D. , Briggs Simon S. , Norman Keith E. , Seymour Leonard W. , Hellewell Paul G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping vectors that target specifically to disease sites after systemic injection is an important goal in gene therapy research.MethodsWe prepared fluorescent DNA polyplexes (⩽150 nm in diameter) comprising plasmid DNA condensed with poly(L‐lysine) and coated with a multivalent reactive copolymer based on poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (pHPMA). These polyplexes were then surface modified with a recombinant P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 immunoglobulin chimera (rPSGL‐Ig) previously investigated as a selectin antagonist in clinical studies.ResultsFive minutes after jugular vein injection of these polyplexes, fluorescence accumulation in inflamed cremasteric venules of C57BL6 mice was more than eight‐fold higher than that observed after injection of Fc‐blocked control polyplexes. Fluorescence above background was not observed in P‐selectin deficient mice, confirming the specificity for P‐selectin in this model.ConclusionsThese data provide encouragement for the further development of rPSGL‐Ig‐coated polyplexes as potential nonviral vectors for targeted gene therapy in inflammatory conditions, such as ischaemia reperfusion injury, unstable atherosclerotic plaques and myocarditis. This approach may also be transferable to the use of other targeting ligands whose cognate partner is specifically upregulated on the vascular endothelium in individual pathological situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the impact of an educational program on decreasing prescribing errors at a university hospital
Authors: Peeters Michael J. , Pinto Sharrel L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Several complex and costly interventions reduce medication errors. Little exists on the effectiveness of providing education and feedback to institutional clinicians as a means of reducing errors.OBJECTIVE:To determine the impact on prescribing errors of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention.DESIGN:Prospective, interrupted time series study.SETTING:This study was conducted among internal medicine residents at the 320‐bed University of Toledo Medical Center.INTERVENTION:The educational intervention was conducted during a 6‐month period beginning in November 2006. The intervention included an initial hour‐long lecture followed by biweekly and then monthly discussions that used timely, institution‐specific examples of prescribing errors.MEASUREMENTS:Data were collected at 5 time points: month 0 (preintervention period); months 1, 3, and 6 (intervention period); and month 7 (postintervention period). Errors were identified, transcribed, coded, and entered into a database. The primary outcome was the frequency of prescribing errors during each period. A Bonferroni‐adjusted chi‐square analysis was conducted with an a priori experiment‐wise alpha of 0.05.RESULTS:A reduction in prescribing errors of 33% following the first intervention month and a mean 26% reduction during the study period were observed (P < 0.0025). The frequencies of preintervention and postintervention errors did not differ significantly.CONCLUSIONS:A straightforward educational intervention reduced prescribing errors during the period of active intervention, but this effect was not sustained. Ongoing communication and education about institution‐specific medication errors appear warranted. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:97–101. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Medical admission order sets to improve deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis rates and other outcomes
Authors: O'Connor Chris , Adhikari Neill K.J. , DeCaire Katharine , Friedrich Jan O. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The value of order sets for clinical decision support has not been established.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether introduction of admission order sets increases the proportion of inpatients receiving deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis.DESIGN:Before‐after study.SETTING:Community hospital.PATIENTS:General medical patients admitted to hospital.INTERVENTION:Paper‐based admission order sets (instead of free‐text orders) for voluntary use by internists, without any education or behavior change interventions.MEASUREMENTS:Primary outcome was proportion of medical admissions ordered DVT prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes included overall utilization of DVT prophylaxis in medical inpatients and other admission order care quality measures.RESULTS:Prior to introduction of order sets, DVT prophylaxis was ordered in 10.9% of patients. Patients admitted with order sets were more likely to be ordered DVT prophylaxis than patients admitted with free‐text orders (44.0% versus 20.6%, by months 14 and 15, P < 0.0001). Hospital‐wide DVT prophylaxis in medical inpatients increased from 12.8% to 25.8% of patient‐days (P < 0.0001). Order set use improved many other secondary outcomes (P < 0.05 for all), including allied health consultations (62.8% versus 12.7%), use of standardized diabetic diet (17.0% versus 5.1%), insulin sliding scale (19.1% versus 7.6%), potassium replacement protocol (63.8% versus 0.51%), documentation of allergies (54.3% versus 9.6%) and resuscitation status (57.4% versus 10.2%), and reduced orders for inappropriate laboratory tests such as blood urea nitrogen (39.4% versus 59.0%).CONCLUSIONS:The broad impact of order sets and minimal organizational resources required for their implementation suggests that order sets may have wide applicability as a clinical decision support tool. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:81–89. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Alginate–calcium coating incorporating nisin and EDTA maintains the quality of fresh northern snakehead (Channa argus) fillets stored at 4 °C
Authors: Lu Fei , Liu Donghong , Ye Xingqian , Wei Yunxiao , Liu Fen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Antimicrobial packaging is a novel food packaging technology for controlling the growth of food‐borne pathogens or spoilage bacteria in ready‐to‐eat food products. Fresh fish are highly perishable foodstuffs and are extremely susceptible to microbial activities. An alginate–calcium coating incorporating nisin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as an antimicrobial packaging to maintain the quality of northern snakehead (Channa argus) at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 °C). Northern snakehead fillets were left untreated (CK), or were treated with 1000 IU mL−1 nisin and 150 µg mL−1 EDTA (T1), alginate–calcium coating (T2), or alginate–calcium coating incorporating 1000 IU mL−1 nisin and 150 µg mL−1 EDTA (T3).RESULTS: All treatments retarded the decay of the fish fillets. T1 more efficiently inhibited the growth of total viable mesophilic bacteria (P < 0.05) and total psychrophilic bacteria (P > 0.05) than did T2 or T3. Coating treatments predominantly reduced chemical spoilage, reflected in total volatile base nitrogen (P > 0.05), trimethylamine (P > 0.05), pH (P < 0.05), and thiobarbituric acid (P < 0.05), retarded water loss (P < 0.05), and increased the overall sensory scores of fish fillets (P < 0.05) compared with those of T1. There was no significant difference between the coating treatments T2 and T3 (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Alginate–calcium coating treatments efficiently enhanced the quality of northern snakehead fillets during storage. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis for estrogens as environmental pollutants – A review
Authors: Pacáková Vera , Loukotková Lucie , Bosáková Zuzana , Štulík Karel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe approaches to the analysis for estrogen compounds as environmental pollutants are critically reviewed and evaluated on the basis of significant, recent original publications. The importance of sample pretreatment and analyte preconcentration techniques is pointed out, with an emphasis on SPE and on the use of highly selective interactions such as molecular recognition. The hyphenated systems of high‐performance gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques are discussed as the basic methods of determination of estrogens in environmental samples. Immunochemical procedures are shown to be useful in semiquantitative screening of estrogen pollutants (e.g. ELISA kits). Classical HPLC and GC with common UV/Vis, fluorescence and electrochemical detection are useful in routine checking on higher pollutant concentrations.
Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of ions in Penning traps
Authors: Eyler John R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe ability of Paul and Penning traps to contain ions for time periods ranging from milliseconds to minutes allows the trapped ions to be subjected to laser irradiation for extended lengths of time. In this way, relatively low‐powered tunable infrared lasers can be used to induce ion fragmentation when a sufficient number of infrared photons are absorbed, a process known as infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD). If ion fragmentation is monitored as a function of laser wavelength, a photodissociation action spectrum can be obtained. The development of widely tunable infrared laser sources, in particular free electron lasers (FELs) and optical parametric oscillators/amplifiers (OPO/As), now allows spectra of trapped ions to be obtained for the entire “chemically relevant” infrared spectral region. This review describes experiments in which tunable infrared lasers have been used to irradiate ions in Penning traps. Early studies which utilized tunable carbon dioxide lasers with a limited output range are first reviewed. More recent studies with either FEL or OPO/A irradiation sources are then covered. The ionic systems examined have ranged from small hydrocarbons to multiply charged proteins, and they are discussed in approximate order of increasing complexity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:448–467, 2009
In vivo regeneration of rat sciatic nerve in a double‐halved stitch‐less guide: A pilot‐study
Authors: Merolli A. , Rocchi L. , Catalano F. , Planell J. , Engel E. , Martinez E. , Sbernardori M. C. , Marceddu S. , Tranquilli Leali P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt is about 20 years that tubular nerve guides have been introduced into clinical practice as a reliable alternative to autograft, in gaps not‐longer‐than 20 mm, bringing the advantage of avoiding donor site sacrifice and morbidity. There are limitations in the application of tubular guides. First, tubular structure in itself makes surgical implantation difficult; second, stitch sutures required to secure the guide may represent a site of unfavorable fibroblastic reaction; third, maximum length and diameter of the guide correlate with the occurrence of a poorer central vascularization of regenerated nerve. We report on the in vivo testing of a new concept of nerve‐guide (named NeuroBox) which is double‐halved, not‐degradable, rigid, and does not require any stitch to be held in place, employing acrylate glue instead. Five male Wistar rats had the new guide implanted in a 4‐mm sciatic nerve defect; two guides incorporated a surface constituted of microtrenches aligned longitudinally. Further five rats had the 4‐mm gap left without repair. Contralateral intact nerves were used as controls. After 2 months, nerve regeneration occurred in all animals treated by the NeuroBox; fine blood vessels were well represented. There was no regeneration in the un‐treated animals. Even if the limited number of animals does not allow to draw definitive conclusions, some result can be highlighted: an easy surgical technique was associated with the box‐shaped guide and acrylate glue was easily applied; an adequate intraneural vascularization was found concurrently with the regeneration of the nerve and no adverse fibroblastic proliferation was present. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Liar's domination
Authors: Slater Peter J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAssume that each vertex of a graph G is the possible location for an “intruder” such as a thief, or a saboteur, a fire in a facility or some possible processor fault in a computer network. A device at a vertex v is assumed to be able to detect the intruder at any vertex in its closed neighborhood N[v] and to identify at which vertex in N[v] the intruder is located. One must then have a dominating set S ⊆ V(G), a set with ∪v∈SN[v] = V(G), to be able to identify any intruder's location. If any one device can fail to detect the intruder, then one needs a double‐dominating set. This article introduces the study of liar's dominating sets, sets that can identify an intruder's location even when any one device in the neighborhood of the intruder vertex can lie, that is, any one device in the neighborhood of the intruder vertex can misidentify any vertex in its closed neighborhood as the intruder location. Liar's dominating sets lie between double‐dominating sets and triple‐dominating sets because every triple‐dominating set is a liar's dominating set, and every liar's dominating set must double dominate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
A generalization of an edge‐connectivity theorem of Chartrand
Authors: Boesch Frank , Gross Daniel , Saccoman John T. , Kazmierczak L. William , Suffel Charles , Suhartomo Antonius 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn 1966, Chartrand proved that if the minimum degree of a graph is at least the floor of half the number of nodes, then its edge‐connectivity equals its minimum degree. A more discriminating notion of edge‐connectivity is introduced, called the k‐component order edge‐connectivity, which is the minimum number of edges required to be removed so that the order of each component of the resulting subgraph is less than k. Results are established that guarantee that this parameter is at least as large as the minimum degree, provided the minimum degree is sufficiently large. This generalizes Chartrand's result. It is also determined when these results are best possible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Rheological properties of UHMWPE/iPP blends
Authors: Lee Eon Mi , Oh Young Se , Ha Hyun Soo , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe effects of isotactic polypropylene (PP) on the rheological properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) have been measured in a broad range of composition (0, 5, 15, 30 wt% PP) at various temperatures (110, 130, and 150°C) and a specific gel concentration of 6 wt%. The result showed that the viscosity of the UHMWPE significantly decreased with the addition and increasing amount of PP. Regardless of temperature, the viscosity function followed the power‐law behavior. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of polyaniline‐coated mesoporous carbon and its enhanced electrochemical properties
Authors: Xing Wei , Yuan Xun , Zhuo Shu‐Ping , Huang Cong‐Cong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPolyaniline/MC (mesoporous carbon) composite was synthesized by in situ chemical polymerization method and was used as a new electrode material for supercapacitor. The composite was characterized by N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical capacitance performance of the composite was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests with a three‐electrode system in a 10 wt% H2SO4 solution. The polyaniline/MC composite electrode shows much higher specific capacitance than pure MC electrode, which is attributed to the incorporation of polyaniline onto the pore surface of MC. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface characterization of air plasma treated poly vinylidene fluoride and poly methyl methacrylate films
Authors: Pawde S.M. , Deshmukh Kalim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this investigation, the surface modification of poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film induced by air plasma has been investigated using contact angle measurement, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Plasma treatment affects the polymer surfaces to an extent of several hundreds to several thousand angstroms deep, and the bulk properties of the polymer substrate are never modified because of its low penetration range. Plasma surface treatment also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility. The plasma exposure leads to weight loss and changes in the chemical composition of the polymer film surfaces. The contact angle of water shows decrease in surface wettability of PVDF and PMMA as the treatment time increases. The improvement in adhesion was studied by measuring T‐peel strength. In addition, printability of plasma treated PVDF and PMMA was studied by cross test method. It was found that printability increases considerably for plasma treatment of short duration. Surface energy and surface roughness can be directly correlated to the improvement in the aforementioned surface related properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Magnetoimpedance (MI) in amorphous wires: new materials and applications
Authors: Panina Larissa V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe discovery of the magnetoimpedance (MI) effect in 1994 had a strong impact on the development of magnetic sensors. Along with traditional areas of sensing applications (data storage, bio‐medical electronics, robotics and security), the MI elements have a high potential for applications in smart sensory systems (self‐sensing composites) operating at microwave frequencies owing to still very large MI ratios of 50–100% in Co‐rich amorphous wires at GHz frequencies. Here we introduce two types of MI wire composites: 2D‐arrays and mixtures of wire pieces. In such materials the effective permittivity has strong dispersion in a frequency band determined by a plasma frequency or a dipole resonance, respectively. If MI wires are used as constituent elements, this dispersion may be very sensitive to the magnetic properties of wires since the wire impedance determines the relaxation parameter of the effective permittivity. For example, increasing the wire impedance by establishing the magnetisation along the axis with an external magnetic field broadens the resonance band, decreases the reflection amplitude and may open a bandpass. Depending on the magnetic anisotropy in wires, tuning can be realized with both magnetic field and stress. It is foreseen that MI‐wire composite materials could be suitable for large scale applications, in particular, for free space filters in secure wireless systems and for microwave nondestructive testing and control in civil engineering. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of substrate dislocation density and quantum well width on the quantum efficiency of violet‐emitting GaInN/GaN light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Passow Thorsten , Maier Markus , Kunzer Michael , Leancu Crenguta‐Columbina , Liu Shangjing , Wiegert Joachim , Schmidt Ralf , Köhler Klaus , Wagner Joachim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThree series of GaInN/GaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 400 nm with well widths varying between 3 and 18 nm were grown on sapphire, ultra‐low dislocation density GaN templates, and free‐standing GaN substrates. Photoluminescence and pulsed electroluminescence were systematically investigated. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed a noteworthy increase in radiative efficiency for GaInN/GaN double‐heterostructures or wide wells on low dislocation density substrates. The electroluminescence properties significantly differ for wide well LEDs on sapphire and on low defect density substrates but are comparable for LEDs containing thin single quantum wells. Increasing well width leads to decreasing quantum efficiency at all currents for LEDs on sapphire. The highest overall efficiency is obtained for LEDs with 11 nm and 18 nm thick DHs on GaN templates and free‐standing GaN substrates, respectively, at current densities above 200 A/cm2. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct observation of crosssectional potential distribution in GaN‐based MIS structures by Kelvin‐probe force microscopy
Authors: Kaneko Masamitsu , Fujishima Tatsuya , Chikamatsu Kentaro , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Kikawa Junjiroh , Otake Hirotaka , Nanishi Yasushi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCross‐sectional potential distribution in GaN‐based trench gate metal‐insulator‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MISFET) at off‐ and operating‐state has been investigated by using Kelvin‐probe force microscopy to clarify the actual operating situation of trench gate MISFET. The potential distribution reflecting the wafer structure, n/p/n–/n+, is observed as shown in the right figure. At the off‐state (the gate voltage is fixed to 0 V), it is found that the electric field at the internal p/n– interface become strong, on the contrary to that at top n/p interface is almost unchanged by the stepwise increase of the drain bias from 0 to 15 V. From the analysis of results obtained at operating state, we can confirm the situation how the channel forms by increasing the gate voltage. This information is useful for designing devices and improving their characteristics (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)