bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus against clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae: an in vitro study
Authors: Anil Anju , Raj Ananthu , M. M. Azhar , Kuriakose Nithyamol , Murali Radhika , Kumar K. S. Harish 
Published: March 2024

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae that can cause severe nosocomial infections particularly in immuno-compromised individuals. They exhibit co-resistance to multiple antibiotics which emphasize the need for non-antibiotic therapies. The goal of the presented study was to investigate the antimicrobial ability of probiotic Lactobacilli on clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, antimicrobial activities of probiotic L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus on K. pneumoniae were evaluated by Agar overlay interference technique. Clear zone around Lactobacilli were taken as positive inhibition. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of K. pneumoniae were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, analyzed using interpretive standards of CLSI M100-S33 and categorized into MDR, XDR and Non MDR groups. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard error and inferential statistics such as ANOVA single factor.
Results: K. pneumoniae exhibited positive inhibition with both the probiotic strain. On comparing the zone of inhibition of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus (both treated-pH adjusted and untreated), L. acidophilus had greater zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae but concluded that statistically the values are insignificant (p>0.05). Based on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of K. pneumoniae, 63% of isolates were XDR, 3% were MDR and 34% were Non MDR
Conclusions: It can be concluded that L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus had significant inhibitory effect against K. pneumoniae in vitro and should be further studied for their human health benefit.
A review on pathophysiology and managements of allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Patel Arvind Kumar , Chandra Phool , Sachan Neetu , Singh Neha 
Published: March 2024

Allergic disorder is a serious issue affecting 40% of the population. The most well-known visual illness in clinical practise is undoubtedly visual sensitivity. The impact of numerous variables, including genetics and pollution, is taken into account by experts. Therefore, this review is intends to provide the detailed description related to pathophysiology and managements of allergic conjunctivitis.The study was performed by literature survey of original research articles published in Pubmed, Science direct, Web of Science, Scopus and Google etc.The two primary types of allergic conjunctivitis are perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). The common effects of SAC and PAC are shivers, weeping, mucus production, and redness; nonetheless, these structures do not impair vision. However, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are the most alarming types of visual allergic conjunctivitis, which impact the cornea and can impair vision if not properly recognised and treated. Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms include itchy, stinging red eyes and yellow pus during sleep. The major objectives of treatment for allergic conjunctivitis are to lessen and manage symptoms and raise quality of life. This involves minimising itchiness, as well as redness, tears, edoema of the conjunctiva or the eyelids, and other related disorders. Breaking the pattern of inflammation and reducing it are additional therapy objectives for patients with chronic allergen exposure and persistent illness. Mast cell stabilisers, corticosteroids, antihistamines, NSAIDs, dual-acting antiallergics, anti-leukotrienes, anti-IgE, and some other drugs are used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.There are the different types of allergic conjunctivitis among which the more prevalence types of allergic conjunctivitis are SAC and PAC while the more severe types are VKC and AKC. There are different types of medicines available for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Is amblyopia of any severity fully treatable, irrespective of a patient’s age?
Authors: Irfan Sameera , Aadil Nausherwan , Maurya Rajendra P , Saqib Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

: : To find out the level of visual improvement and the time it takes in amblyopia of any severity. : To find out whether the level of visual improvement is influenced by a patient's age at presentation. : To note whether the level of visual recovery is influenced by previous amblyopia therapy. To note any regression of visual acuity with time after initial improvement by therapy. To note complications of full-time occlusion therapy, especially occlusion amblyopia.: In a prospective interventional study, 1701 consecutive cases with poor vision were included irrespective of a patient’s age. After wearing refractive correction for 8-12 weeks and no further improvement in the BCVA, amblyopia therapy was started comprising of full-time patching of the good eye along with active use of the amblyopic eye by reading and writing at least 6 hours daily. Regular two weekly follow-ups were conducted. The endpoint of therapy was achieving a BCVA equal to that of the good eye. A regular post-patching follow-up was conducted for 1-3 years. Statistical analysis comparing the visual acuity at the start and the end of therapy was performed by a paired t-test for each group. : There were 896 male and 805 female cases. 1383 cases (81.3%) had previously failed amblyopia therapy. 49 cases (2.9%) dropped out of the study due to poor compliance with therapy or an incomplete follow-up. For a simplified analysis of results, the 1701 cases were divided into three age groups: Group A: age 4-7 years (473 cases), Group B: age 8-12 years (618 cases) and Group C: age 13-46 years (610 cases). The overall success in Group A and B cases was 98% and 96.9% in Group C cases. Full visual recovery is possible in amblyopia of any severity and age. The age of a patient at presentation should not preclude therapy.
Cataract surgery clinical features, treatment and operational difficulties in management of cluster endophthalmitis
Authors: Maurya Rajendra P , Rathi Rishabh , Rana Rimpi , Nema Nitin , Gaur Neeraj , Jain Amisha , Patel Siddharth , Verma Abha , Subedaar Vaishnavi 
Published: March 2024

: Cataract surgery is the most common ophthalmic surgery performed. Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating situation for both patient and doctor. Cluster endophthalmitis is defined as five or more cases of endophthalmitis occurring on a particular day in a single operating room at one centre. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can salvage the affected eye. There are various factors that determine the prognosis in endophthalmitis. Polymicrobial etiology, family support, accessibility to health services, time-lapsed between onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment play an important role in final visual outcome.: To evaluate clinical features, management and final outcome in 64 cases of cluster endophthalmitis, and to identify the operational difficulties in managing cluster endophthalmitis in eye camp setting.: This is a retrospective study done in 64 out of 94 patients, operated for cataract surgery in an eye camp setting, who presented with features of endophthalmitis. The demographic details, clinical features at presentation and management were evaluated from medical records. Assessment of problems faced by the patients during this period was done on the basis of detailed history given by the patient. Further, the reason for these operational difficulties were discussed with camp organizers. : Out of 64 patients there were 31(48.4%) males and 33(51.6%) female. Mean age of patients was 60 ± 15.3 years. The patients presented between postoperative day 7to 30. Visual acuity of all 64(100%) patients was poor where 59(92.2%) cases ranged between hand movement to perception of light while 5(7.8%) denied perception of light. The cultures were positive in 43(67.18%) cases out of 64 patients. The cultures reported with polymicrobial etiology with fungal growth in 31(48.43%) patients while 12(18.75%) cases showed bacterial growth. Management was done on the basis of Endophthalmitis vitrectomy study (EVS) guidelines. Only 6(9.37%) cases showed improvement in vision from baseline although all 64(100%) cases showed clinical and symptomatic improvement at the time of discharge. There was delay in presentation as no patient reported in 1 postoperative week. 31(48.4%) patients reported in 2 post-operative week causing delay due to attitudinal problems. 19(29.6%) cases reported in 3 week which was due delay in transportation and 14(21.8%) cases reported in 4 week due to illiteracy and neglect.: Cluster endophthalmitis can be prevented by taking aseptic precautions. Delay in initiation of treatment results in poor visual outcome. However, quick and timely decision helps in early intervention which provides a better chance to salvage eye and vision. There are certain modifiable factors in camp surgery which should be addressed properly to improve the final outcome.
The pattern of eye disease in a provincial ophthalmic hospital of Viet Nam
Authors: Le Tran-Anh , Tran Thang T , Hoang Canh D , Cao Loi Ba 
Published: March 2024

: To describe the pattern of eye disease in a provincial ophthalmic hospital in Viet Nam.: We retrospectively analyzed records of 1735 patients with disorders of the eye and adnexa admitted to the Nghe an Eye Hospital, Nghe an province, Vietnam between January 2022 and May 2023. : The mean age of patients was 60.4± 16.6 years old and 54.7% were females. The most common cause of hospitalizations were disorders of sclera, cornea, iris, and ciliary body (55.0% of cases) followed by glaucoma (29.2%) and disorders of the eyelid, lacrimal system, and orbit (15.8%). Keratitis was the most common ocular morbidity (40.1%), followed by glaucoma (29.20%), and iridocyclitis (13.5%). The average highest age was in patients with disorders of the eyelid, lacrimal system, and orbit (67.3 ± 13.4 years) followed by those with glaucoma (62.2 ± 13.8 years) and lesions on the sclera, cornea, iris, and ciliary body (57.5 ± 17.9 years). The female/male rate among those with disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit was higher than among cases with the other disorders (1.6/1 vs 1.1/1, p = 0.008). The mean length of hospital stay was 8.6 days and patients with disorders of sclera and cornea had the most extended average length of hospital stay (more than 10 days). Keratitis, glaucoma, and iridocyclitis were the major ocular conditions seen in this study. Prevention of keratitis should decrease both morbidity and health expenditure for eye disease.
Correlation of retinopathy of prematurity with oxygen saturation in preterm babies in a tertiary care center: A noble guide
Authors: Maurya Rajendra P , Praveen Shahjadi , Ali Syed Manazir , Akhtar Naheed , Abdul Waris 
Published: March 2024

To find the correlation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with oxygen saturation among preterm babies in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care centre. This Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 premature neonates of gestational age &#60; 36 weeks who were on oxygen and were admitted in NICU after obtaining ethical clearance. We compare the effect of two oxygenation strategies on development of ROP in two groups. Oxygen ranged from 86-90% in one group (32 neonates) and 91-94% in another group (32 neonates). Screening of all neonates were done by one examiner. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. For categorical data, Chi-square test was used. For continuous data, Mann Witney U test were used and p- value-&#60;0.05 was taken as significant. Among 64 babies, 32 babies were on 86-90% of oxygen, 5 babies had disease and the remaining 32 babies who were on 91-94% of oxygen, 14 babies had developed disease showed a statistically significant relationship between ROP and oxygen saturation (p=0.014). High oxygen saturation target is one of the important risk factors leading to the development of ROP. Lower oxygen saturation reduced the prevalence as well as had no deleterious effect on general health of baby. Therefore, accurate measurement of oxygen concentration by probe and proper monitoring of SpO2 levels must be done in every NICU.
To evaluate macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in semi-urban population of eastern U.P
Authors: Tiwari Deepti , Gupta Alka , Trivedi Astha , Maurya Rajendra P , Sharma Kumudini 
Published: March 2024

To evaluate macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (pRNFL) layer thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in semi-urban population of eastern U.P. : Cross-sectional observational study carried out on 72eyes of 42 POAG patients and 72 eyes of 36 normal individuals above 40 years from January 2023 – August 2023 in eye OPD of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki. Best corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination, Gonioscopy, tonometry, Central corneal thickness, perimetry, fundoscopy, peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness using OCT was done in all patients. POAG patients had significantly lower mean pRNFL quadrant measurements in superior, inferior and temporal quadrants when compared with controls. 83.68 ± 13.55 vs.140.01 ± 4.53; p=0.001 for superior quadrant; 76.33 ± 12.96 vs. 141.99 ± 4.51; p=0.001 for inferior quadrant; 52.31 ± 8.67 vs. 74.36 ± 3.56; p=0.001 for temporal quadrant. Mean pRNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant was not found significant in our study (55.53±7.08 vs. 80.85±5.24; p=0.295). Significant differences in thickness in foveal, inferior outer, temporal inner and nasal inner sector between POAG and control patients (p&#60;0.05) were found. Superior, inferior and temporal pRNFL quadrants thickness and foveal, inferior outer, temporal inner and nasal inner macular thickness were found to be the best parameters to diagnose POAG at early stage.
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) most common complication compare with diet or without diet
Authors: Sah Sushil Kumar , Gurung Rajya l , Sah Shrban , Mukherjee Tinku 
Published: March 2024

Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is usually done when the patient is on an empty stomach. In case, if the patient is not, their FFA is rescheduled for the next day to avoid the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications in patients who had undergone an FFA procedure on an empty stomach to those who had breakfast immediately before the procedure. In this study, 210 participants underwent FFA, of which 104 were fasting, and 106 had breakfast just before their procedure. In these two populations, we compare the immediate and post-procedure complications.: Patients who had FFA on an empty stomach were more likely to experience nausea and vomiting (11.32% vs 7.69%), skin allergies (1.89% vs 1.92%), and unconsciousness (0.94% vs 2.88%). In either the fasting or control groups, no complications were statistically significant (P&#62;0.05). FFA is generally a safe procedure, however, previous studies have observed increased adverse events with people on empty stomachs. In individuals with various systemic disorders and diets, our study found no increase in adverse effects. Consequently, FFA shouldn’t be postponed in these individuals who are not on a diet or who have systemic co-morbidities.
Comparative efficacy of cyclosporine 0.1%, rebamipide 2%, and carboxymethylcellulose-cyclosporine 0.05% combination eye drops in the management of dry eye disease among the Indian population
Authors: Goyal Abhinav , Bansal Khushboo 
Published: March 2024

This comparative research study aims to evaluate and compare the results of three different eye drop formulations of Cyclosporine 0.1%, Rebamipide 2%, and a combination of Carboxymethylcellulose & Cyclosporine 0.05%, in treating dry eye cases among the Indian population. This investigation employed a randomized controlled trial design to assess the efficacy of three distinct eye drop formulations. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with dry eye disease participated in this study. Participants were assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group C (cyclosporine 0.1%), Group R (rebamipide 2%), or Group CC (combination of carboxymethylcellulose and cyclosporine 0.05%). Patients take prescribed medication for six weeks. Patients were evaluated at baseline for tear production time (TFBUT) at two weeks, four weeks, and six weeks, tear production score using the Schirmer test, and dry eye symptoms were assessed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). The collected data were analyzed using appropriate tests to compare the effectiveness of three eye drop formulations in treating dry eye in the Indian population. : Disease improvement compared to baseline was seen in all groups based on scoring of Schirmer's score, OSDI score, and TBUT. : All three treatment groups demonstrated improvements in tear film stability, tear production, and a reduction in dry eye symptoms over the six-week treatment period. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations is needed to establish the long-term efficacy and compare the effectiveness of these treatments.
A prospective comparative study of conjunctival autograft (CAG) with dry amniotic membrane graft (AMG) transplantation in pterygium excision surgery
Authors: Gupta Avinash , Yadav Ramyash Singh , Kumar Ram 
Published: March 2024

: Pterygium is a wing-shaped, fibrovascular proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva which crosses the limbus and causes encroachment over the cornea. It is mainly treated by surgical excision. Management options for pterygium include conjunctival autografting, and the use mitomycin C, amniotic membrane graft, 5-fluorouracil, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, and β-irradiation along with excision, to avoid recurrence.: To compare the efficacy and safety of conjunctival autograft (CAG) transplantation and dry amniotic membrane graft (AMG) transplantation in pterygium excision surgery.: Prospective comparative study.: The study was done on 43 eyes of 43 patients. CAG was transplanted on 23 patients & dry AMG was transplanted on 20 patients. All patients were followed up on day 1, day 7, 1 month and 6 months post operatively. On each visit pterygium recurrence, graft retraction, necrosis and visual outcomes were noted from all the patients.: Fisher exact test.: 28(65%) were males while 15(35%) were females. Most of the patients were &#60;40 years of age. During the follow up period, best corrected visual acuity of 3(7%) patients remained same and improved in 40(93%) patients. CAG group had 2(8.69%) while dry AMG group had 4(20%) recurrences (p value = 0.39, non-significant).: Although both the groups showed low recurrence rate but recurrence rate was more in dry AMG group as compared to conjunctival autograft group.: AMG is not always the best option for treating pterygium, but in some situations—such as those with extensive pterygium, conjunctival scarring etc.—it may be more advantageous for the patient.
Factors affecting prevalence of myopia among undergraduate medical students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bansal Yashi , Sandhu Harkirat Kaur , Chouhan Vansh , Spal Simran , Kaur Tanishqdeep , Arora Priyanka , Sharma Umesh 
Published: March 2024

Myopia, often known as nearsightedness, is the most common cause of vision impairment and is becoming more and more common globally. Presently it is effecting more among professional students who are busy in studies and having screen time more than usual. The aim of present study is to evaluate the factors affecting prevalence of myopia among medical undergraduates.The present cross sectional study was conducted among 590 undergraduate medical students of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab for a period of two months. The self-administered questionnaire was created and sent to students through google forms and whatsapp. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 keeping level of significance at p less than 0.05.Prevalence of myopia among undergraduate medical students was found to be 70.3%. Maximum students were in the age group of 21-25 years (62.7%), females (58.7%) were more in number as compared to males (41.3%). Total 42.2% of students have family history related to myopia out of which 77.1% had myopia. Association between sociodemographic, parental, lifestyle factors and prevalence of myopia was done; only parental history showed significant results with p value 0.003.The current study revealed that there is high prevalence of myopia among undergraduate medical students specially in females. Positive parental history has significant association with prevalence of myopia.
Early detection of peripheral neuropathy and its correlation with retinopathy and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Deekshanya J  , Ali H F Karnam , Roselin M  , Prasanth Hannah Ranjee , Ravichandran Kandasamy , Iqbal Nayyar 
Published: March 2024

Screening of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may reduce future complications. Despite having diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), about 50% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients are asymptomatic. If diabetic neuropathy is diagnosed early, the annual cost of treating diabetic neuropathy and associated complications can be decreased. The study objectives are to identify peripheral neuropathy at an early stage and to correlate peripheral neuropathy with diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) in asymptomatic type 2 DM patients.: A cross-sectional analytical study was done during July and August 2022 using consecutive sampling on 105 patients who attended the General Medicine out-patient dept (OPD) at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and the Primary Health Centre (PHC) Kalapet in Puducherry, India. Patients over 18 years old with type 2 DM, who were asymptomatic for peripheral neuropathy, and had their HbA1c levels checked within the last two months were included. Patients have undergone Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) examination, biothesiometer and monofilament testing for neuropathy and Fundus examination for retinopathy. The average age of the study participants was 54.7±11.4 yrs, and they had a male-female ratio of 6:4. The retinopathy was present in 18.1% (95% CI:11.9-26.5). The prevalence of DPN by MNSI examination was 3.8% (95% CI:1.5-9.4), monofilament testing was 21.0% (95% CI:14.3-29.7) and biothesiometer was 98.1% (95% CI:93.3-99.5). A statistically significant association between DPN measured by a biothesiometer and HbA1c (p&#60;0.05). There was no significant correlation between DR and HbA1c and between DPN measured by monofilament and HbA1c (p&#62;0.05).The objective assessment by the biothesiometer is the best tool for detecting peripheral neuropathy at an early stage in asymptomatic type 2 DM individuals than monofilament testing.