bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of spiritual support in palliative care—A case illustration
Authors: Zhou Yi , Cheah Joyce , Tan Elisa Sze Hui , Lim Yijun , Wang Yijun , Ong Eng Koon 
Published: March 2024

Key points

Spiritual care is an important component of palliative care.
Timely and comprehensive spiritual care can lead to improved patient care outcomes including pain relief and reduced opioid use in palliative care patients.
Local religious and cultural factors need to be considered when providing spiritual care and developing services.
The introduction and integration of current spiritual care education and quality frameworks into current curricula and practice is essential for the development of the field.
A generalist‐specialist approach to spiritual care may improve both efficacy and scalability of services.
Reliability analysis method of competitive failure processes considering the coupling effect of multiple shock processes and degradation process
Authors: Bai Xiaoning , Li Yonghua , Gong Qi , Wang Denglong , Hu Chaoqun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the operational phase, complex systems are subject to various shocks, both random and continuous degradation. This coupling effect poses significant challenges for reliability assessment. The proposed method aims to provide a clear and objective evaluation of the system's reliability. In this paper, we propose a competitive failure reliability analysis method that considers the coupling effect of multiple shock processes and degradation processes. The random shocks are subdivided into external and internal shocks. The degradation increment is mainly influenced by external shocks, whereas internal shocks affect the degradation rate. The combined effect of these two shock processes accelerates the failure processes. Additionally, two different shock models are combined to create an extreme‐cumulative shock model to assess the impact of various shock processes and the degradation process on system reliability. The analysis examines the coupling effect between the degradation process and shock processes to explore the influence law between hard failure and soft failure. Subsequently, the reliability modeling of competitive failure processes is completed. Finally, practical case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.
Quantum K‐Nearest Neighbor Classification Algorithm via a Divide‐and‐Conquer Strategy
Authors: Gong Li‐Hua , Ding Wei , Li Zi , Wang Yuan‐Zhi , Zhou Nan‐Run 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe K‐nearest neighbor algorithm is one of the most frequently applied supervised machine learning algorithms. Similarity computing is considered to be the most crucial and time‐consuming step among the classical K‐nearest neighbor algorithm. A quantum K‐nearest neighbor algorithm is proposed based on the divide‐and‐conquer strategy. A quantum circuit is designed to calculate the fidelity between the test sample and each feature vector of the training dataset. The quantum K‐nearest neighbor algorithm has higher classification efficiency in high‐dimensional data processing. The classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm is equivalent to that of the classical K‐nearest neighbor algorithm under the IRIS dataset. In addition, compared with the typical quantum K‐nearest neighbor algorithms, the proposed classification method possesses higher classification accuracy with less calculation time, which has wide applications in the industrial field.
Preliminary investigation on the analysis of the whole components of Pogejiuxin decoction and its formulation pattern based on ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xiang Jun , Fan Qian , Wu Pingping , Wang Qian , Xiao Xiji , Wu Aizhi , Rong Li , Wang Yumei , Zhang Cuixian 
Published: March 2024

RationalPogejiuxin decoction (PGJXD) is one of the most important formulas for the treatment of heart failure. However, there is a great lack of research on the material basis of this formula, especially research on its compatibility laws, which restricts its clinical use. Studying the complete ingredients and compatibility rules of PGJXD has great significance for guiding clinical medication.MethodsThe entire formula, the major single herbs, the drug pairs and the disassembled formula were analyzed by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOFMS/MS), matching the chemical composition database and global natural product social molecular networking to explain the chemical composition as well as the combination pattern of PGJXD.ResultsA total of 1048 chemical constituents were fully analyzed from the major single herbs, the drug pairs and the disassembled formula and 188 chemical constituents, including 13 potential novel compounds, were firstly identified from the whole formula. We found that the chemical compositions were reduced after the single herbs were matched to the other herbs, especially the significant reduction of highly toxic diester alkaloids after compatibility, indicating that the medicines of PGJXD were interdependent and controlled by each other.ConclusionThis study innovatively researches and compares the compositional differences between the entire formula of PGJXD, the single, paired and separated formulas, greatly extending our understanding of the chemical substance basis of these compounds, and preliminarily explores the compatibility laws of PGJXD, providing some theoretical guidance for clinical medication.
Metabolomic and microbiome analysis of cervicovaginal mucus in in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer: Toward predicting pregnancy success
Authors: Nishio Eiji , Iwata Aya , Kawasaki Rie , Kukimoto Iwao , Nishizawa Haruki , Fujii Takuma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeIn the context of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF–ET), factors other than egg quality may be key determinants of treatment success, in particular, maternal factors related to uterine endometrial receptivity and unidentified factors. We therefore aimed to analyze the metabolome and microbiome in IVF–ET patients who did and did not achieve pregnancy.MethodsCervicovaginal mucus was collected from patients undergoing IVF–ET. Metabolite analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and the microbiota were determined by the polymerase chain reaction using universal 16S‐rRNA gene bacterial primers by MiSeq sequencing. Patients were classified as pregnant (N = 10) or nonpregnant (N = 13). Metabolic pathways were examined by MetaboAnalyst.ResultsThree metabolic pathways, including alanine‐aspartate–glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and cysteine‐methionine metabolism, were commonly decreased at the time of embryo transfer irrespective pregnant outcomes. Notably, pyruvate was decreased in the pregnant group. Amino acid metabolites showed inverse correlations with the presence of anaerobic microbiota in the nonpregnant group.ConclusionsMetabolism decreased during embryo transplantation, with a notable decrease in pyruvate metabolism, particularly in patients who became pregnant. The behavior of metabolites in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups suggests that metabolome analysis in the cervicovaginal mucus may be a diagnostic marker for predicting pregnancy.
A Deep Dive into Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Solar Cells: A Review of Exploring Roadblocks, Breakthroughs, and Shaping the Future
Authors: Shah Usman Ali , Wang Ao , Irfan Ullah Muhammad , Ishaq Muhammad , Shah Imtiaz Alam , Zeng Yiyu , Abbasi Misbah Sehar , Umair Muhammad Ali , Farooq Umar , Liang Guang‐Xing , Sun Kaiwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRenewable energy is crucial for sustainable future, and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) based solar cells shine as a beacon of hope. CZTS, composed of abundant, low‐cost, and non‐toxic elements, shares similarities with Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS). However, despite its promise and appealing properties for solar cells, CZTS‐based solar cells faces performance challenges owing to inherent issues with CZTS material, and conventional substrate structure complexities. This review critically examines these roadblocks, explores ongoing efforts and breakthroughs, providing insight into the evolving landscape of CZTS‐based solar cells research. Furthermore, as an optimistic turn in the field, the review first highlights the crucial need to transition to a superstrate structure for CZTS‐based single junction devices, and summarizes the substantial progress made in this direction. Subsequently, dive into the discussion about the fascinating realm of CZTS‐based tandem devices, providing an overview of the existing literature as well as outlining the possible potential strategies for enhancing the efficiency of such devices. Finally, the review provides a useful outlook that outlines the priorities for future research and suggesting where efforts should concentrate to shape the future of CZTS‐based solar cells.
Valorization of waste coffee silverskin as a source of antioxidant by extraction with agitation
Authors: Kulkarni Rajeswari M. , Mentha Spandana Samyukthalakshmi , R Aishwarya , Mascarenhas Errol Winston , Polavarapu Sanjana , Appaiah Takshak 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoffee is the second most traded commodity after petrol. The coffee industry produces about 23 million tonnes of waste every year. This implies that the unutilized portion of coffee carries a broad economic and environmental burden. The unutilized portion of coffee includes pulp, mucilage, parchment, husk, silver skin, and spent coffee grounds, each of which has its innate capacity to be reused for various industrial and domestic purposes. Coffee silverskin represents about 4.2% (w/w) of the coffee bean. Moreover, coffee silverskin contains phenolic compounds which have been studied extensively on account of their antioxidant properties. The main aim of the research is to convert coffee silver skin which is discarded as waste in coffee production, into a source of antioxidants that has wide application in the cosmetic and skincare industry. In this paper, conventional extraction methods for varying extraction temperatures (30–70°C), various solvents (n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol) and extraction times (30, 60, and 90 min) were investigated to study their impact on the percentage of the coffee silverskin's antioxidant composition and the antioxidant property along with its total phenolic content (TPC) in coffee silverskin. It was found that ethanol was a suitable solvent and compared to the 50% ethanol‐water mixture, the 90% ethanol‐water mixture showed the highest extraction efficiency at the conditions of 70°C and 60 min for a TPC from coffee silverskin at 213 GAE mg/L.
Advanced analytical techniques for assessing and detecting microplastic pollution in water and wastewater systems
Authors: Özgenç Enes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study focuses on the sources and formations of microplastics (MPs) in receiving environments, addressing various analytical methods used for the detection and characterization of MPs in water and wastewater, including particle size distribution analysis, FTIR, Raman, SEM‐EDS, thermo analytical methods (Pyro GC‐MS, TGA‐MS, TED‐GC‐MS, TGA‐SPE/TDS‐GC‐MS) and combine techniques (Tagging method, Liquid chromatography, SEM dispersive X‐ray spectrometer). The study fills a gap in the literature by evaluating the advantages and limitations of advanced analytical methods, in addition to commonly used methods like FTIR, Raman, and SEM, providing a perspective on other significant analytical approaches. By examining and comparing different analytical methods used to identify and detect MPs in water and wastewater environments, the research guides scientists in making informed choices when selecting a specific method. A better understanding of these methods will inform future research and facilitate more effective management of potential environmental impacts and human health risks. This study also contributes significantly to preserving water resources, human health, and establishing a sustainable environment by encouraging the generation of actionable information to assess the potential risks of MPs in water and wastewater sources and to develop strategies for reducing their presence.
Identification of rice varieties specialties in Vietnam using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Giang Le Truong , Trung Pham Quoc , Yen Dao Hai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe characteristics and quality of rice are significantly affected by its variety. However, discrimination between varieties is an urgent but difficult and time‐consuming effort in Vietnam. In this study, an effective and reliable identification method was established by Raman spectroscopy (RS). Total Raman spectra of 32 rice samples were acquired from 400 to 1600 cm‐1 and the sensitive fundamental vibrations of less polar groups and bonds in rice were analyzed. Initially, the raw Raman spectra were processed by standard normal variety (SNV) combined with Savitzky Golay (SG) smoothing algorithm. The positive influence of SNV‐SGD2 on the ability to classify rice varieties has been confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Next, multivariate analysis methods included PCA, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), that have been compared with each other on the ability to classify rice varieties. All three methods give the ability to classify four rice varieties very well. The PCA method identifies four main factors were starch chains, amylose, amylopectin, and protein contents which are used to distinguish among four rice varieties. While HCA only distinguishes well between rice with high and low amylopectin content and does not provide the main components.
Study on furfural conversion into aromatics over Zn/HZSM‐5 and Fe/HZSM‐5 catalysts
Authors: Van Nam Huynh , Tam Truong Thanh , Tho Van Dinh Son 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZSM‐5 zeolite material (Si/Al ratio = 25) was synthesized with silica source of TEOS and TPAOH template. The zeolite is modified into proton form (HZSM‐5) with 343 m2/g of BET surface area, 324 m2/g of micropore area, 0.1491 cm3/g of micropore volume and 5.77 nm of BJH adsorption average pore width. Zinc oxide and iron oxide are dispersed onto HZSM‐5 catalyst surface with different contents by wet impregnation method. The results of HZSM‐5, Zn/HZSM‐5, Fe/HZSM‐5 catalyst materials still retain the micropore structure of ZSM‐5 zeolite. These materials are used as catalysts for furfural pyrolysis in the inert atmosphere (N2) with the temperatures ranged from 400 to 700 °C. The conversion of furfural to aromatic hydrocarbons on catalysts is evaluated by furfural conversion, conversion into aromatics and aromatic hydrocarbons selectivity. Result shows that 3 %Zn/HZSM‐5 and 2 %Fe/HZSM‐5 catalyst favor for furfural pyrolysis at 600 oC. The furfural conversion, the conversion into BTXN and the BTXN selectivity are respectively 48.36 %, 21.18 %, 16.18 % with 3 %Zn/HZSM‐5 catalyst and 64.41 %, 16.47 %, 26.81 % with 2%Fe/HZSM‐5 catalyst. These results are the basic research for the upgrade of pyrolysis oil into fuels.
Determination of organophosphate ester flame retardants in indoor dust and their potential health exposure risk
Authors: Ha Trinh Thu , Cuong Nguyen Duc , Huyen Le Thi , Giang Le Truong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine organophosphate ester compounds in indoor dust in Hanoi ‐ a populated city in Vietnam. In the study, the concentration and distribution of fifteen organophosphate esters (OPEs) were analyzed in indoor dust specimen. In general, the recorded total concentrations of OPEs in dust ranged from 2.7 to 14.1 μg/g and the average quantities varied from 0.2 to 1.0 μg/g. Particular, 100 % of survey samples were detected signals of OPEs, indeed, tris‐(2‐chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(2‐butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP) were two of the OPE substances, which their content accounted for the most in 15 analyzed compounds. OPE emission sources in indoor dust could be from locally used wide variety of consumer products and building materials in Hanoi houses. Moreover, tri‐m‐cresyl phosphate (TMCP) was practically observed in survey dust samples, and thus effects of traffic activities on OPEs contamination were not significant. Estimating human exposure to OPEs through directly absorbing foods was implemented and illustrated that this absorption route did not substantially affected adult and children health.
Effect of arc current on SiC fabrication from rice husk ash and diatomite in electric arc discharge furnace
Authors: Van Trung Trinh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) was synthesized from Vietnamese rice husk ash and diatomite via the Acheson process in a graphite electric arc furnace. In this type of furnace, arc current generates temperature and therefore effect on the formation of SiC. The influence of arc current at 100, 150 and 200 A was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, XRD and Raman spectroscopy were performed to analyze the formation of SiC materials. Results showed the weight percentage of SiC in the synthesized product increased as the arc current increased.
Substituent effects on the antioxidant capacity of monosubstituted diphenylamines: a DFT study
Authors: Thao Pham Thi Thu , Thong Nguyen Minh , Vo Quan V. , Van Bay Mai , Quang Duong Tuan , Nam Pham Cam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere are undesirable effects leading to considerable changes in the properties of polymers and plastics since exposing to oxygen undergo oxidative degradation. Therefore, investigation of the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of N‐H bond for a series of monosubstituted diphenylamines is great interest. In this study, DFT‐based method B3P86/6‐311G was employed to perform this task. In comparison with the available experimental data, this method could reproduce the BDE(N‐H)s values more accuracy. Effects of substituents and substitution positions on the BDE(N‐H)s were also examined. Moreover, there is a good correlation of BDE(N‐H)s with the Hammett's substituent constants. Depending on the nature of substituents, electron withdrawing groups increase the BDE(N‐H)s but electron donating ones reduce the BDE(N‐H)s. The hydrogen atom transfer processes from N‐H bond of these diphenylamines to the peroxyl radical (CH3OO•) were also analyzed via potential energy surfaces and kinetic calculations.
A new xanthone from the lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum (Parmeliaceae)
Authors: Chi Huynh Bui Linh , Phung Nguyen Kim Phi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo xanthone compounds, praesorexanthone A (1) and praesorexanthone B (2), were isolated from the lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale (Parmeliaceae). Among them, praesorexanthone B is a new natural compound. Their chemical structures were unambiguously determined by the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution ESI mass spectroscopic data, as well as by comparison of their NMR data with the ones in the literature.
Development of Green protocols for the synthesis of 1H‐benzo[d]imidazolo aryl amide derivatives and evaluation of their biological activity
Authors: Laxminarayana E. , Srinivasa Reddy B. , Venkata Ramana Reddy Ch. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBenzimidazole scaffold containing chemical derivatives show superior biological activity. In view of this, we synthesized a combination of benzimidazole and aryl amides. The target compounds (6a‐j) were synthesized using ethyl 3‐iodobenzoate and benzimidazole as starting materials under microwave conditions. The synthesized compounds were screened against gram (+ve) and gram (‐ve) bacteria as well as for their anti‐oxidant activity. Compound 6a was proved to be most active in inhibiting the DPPH free radical.
A green process PEG‐600 mediated on‐pot, alternative synthesis of 3‐methyl‐2‐(((1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐YL) sulfonyl) methyl) quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one
Authors: Bireddy Srinivasa Reddy , Konkala Veera Swamy , Dubey Pramod Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCondensation of 2‐((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)thio)acetic acid (1) with anthranilamide (2) in PEG‐600 (polyethylene glycol), at 100 oC for 3hr. gave 2‐(((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)thio)methyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one (3). Treatment of 3 with DMS, DES and Ph‐CH2‐Cl, individually in PEG‐600, at RT for 1 hr. without using any base, followed by easy process resulted in 4 (a‐c). The later on reaction with H2O2 in PEG‐600, for 3 hr, without using any base, followed by simple processing resulted in 5 (a‐c). Alternatively, 5 (a‐c) the sequence of reactions could be prepared by tandem procedure with good yields. Thus novel quinazolinone products have been prepared with new synthetic routes and strategies by using PEG‐600 as solvent, in polyethylene glycol (PEG‐600) in four routes. i.e. (tandem‐1, tandem‐2, stepwise‐1 and stepwise‐2) Probably, this is the first case of four variable but identical end‐products‐ giving tandem syntheses, under green conditions, of 5 (a‐c). Obviously, as figures pointed out, tandem‐1 route gave good yields compared to the stepwise routes. In this process PEG‐600 recycled and reused.
Highly effective photocatalyst of TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed on carbon nanotubes for methylene blue degradation in aqueous solution
Authors: Quyen Nguyen Duc Vu , Khieu Dinh Quang , Tuyen Tran Ngoc , Tin Dang Xuan , Diem Bui Thi Hoang , Dung Ho Thi Thuy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present study, titania nanoparticles are highly dispersed on carbon nanotubes via hydrolysis process of tetra‐isopropyl‐orthotitanate Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4 (TPOT). The obtained composite (TiO2/CNTs) is characterized by modern methods. The anatase‐TiO2 phase is realized based on X‐ray diffraction spectrum at different pHs of hydrolysis solution. The band gap of TiO2/CNTs (Eg) is calculated by Tauc method using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The TiO2/CNTs composite plays as an active photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) decomposition in aqueous solution. The effect of time to photocatalytic ability of TiO2/CNTs composite is described using Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetic model. The values of enthalpy variation (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy variation (ΔG) of the decomposition of MB are determined from thermodynamic study. In the range temperature from 283 K to 323 K, the positive values of ΔH and negative value of ΔG confirms endothermic and spontaneous nature of MB degradation. With the increase of temperature, the reaction occurs more easily, which is proved by more negative values of Gibbs free energy calculated from Van't Hoff equation.
Characterization of liquid deproteinized natural rubber prepared via oxidative degradation
Authors: Thuong Nghiem Thi , Manh Nguyen Duc , Tue Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present work, liquid deproteinized natural rubber (LDPNR) was prepared by oxidative depolymerization of deproteinized natural rubber using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as oxidizing reagents. Structural characterization of LDPNRs was performed using FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectroscopy. After degradation, the intensity of vibration mode at 1660 cm‐1 (νC=C) decreased, indicating the decrease in the number of C=C bonds in the NR chain. 1H‐NMR signals at 1.6 ppm and 13C‐NMR signals at 40.0 ppm appeared in the NMR spectra of LDPNR prepared in acidic condition suggesting the occurrence of isomerization from cis‐1,4‐isoprene units to trans‐1,4‐isoprene units. Epoxidation also occurred during degradation of DPNR as a side reaction. End groups of LDPNRs were found to depend on pH of reacted latex. LDPNR prepared in pH 5‐6 contains aldehyde end group, while LDPNR prepared at pH 8‐9 has a hydroxyl end group. The gel content of LDPNRs was found to reduce compared to that of DPNR, significantly. GPC was employed to determine molecular weight of LDPNRs. The results show that the degradation in acidic medium behaves more effectively in comparison to in alkaline medium.