bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Based on One‐Pot Glycosylation
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Yamada Haruo , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Development of Methods for the Synthesis of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonists [Rosiglitazone Maleate (Avandia), Pioglitazone Hydrochloride (Actos), Muraglitazar (Pargluva)]
Authors: Li Jin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Development of Methods for the Synthesis of Triazole Antifungal Agents (Itraconazole (Sporanox), Fluconazole (Diflucan), Voriconazole (Vfend), Fosfluconazole (Prodif)]
Authors: Bell Andrew S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Development of Methods for the Synthesis of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors [Ezetimibe (Zetia, Ezetrol)]
Authors: Rosenblum Stuart B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Development of Methods for the Synthesis of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers [Nifedipine (Adalat), Felodipine (Plendil), Amlodipine Besylate (Norvasc), Azelnidipine (Calblock)]
Authors: Christen Daniel P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Inhibitory Action of Novel Acetogenin Mimics Δlac‐Acetogenins: A New Class of Inhibitors of Mitochondrial NADH‐Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex‐I)
Authors: Miyoshi Hideto , Ichimaru Naoya , Murai Masatoshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐phospholes and Derivatives
Authors: Keglevich Gy. , Szelke H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alk‐1‐enylphosphines
Authors: Gaumont A. C. , Gulea M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alk‐1‐enylphosphine Oxides and Derivatives
Authors: Gaumont A. C. , Gulea M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyridines and Derivatives
Authors: Quirion J.‐C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Dihydropyridines, 1,4‐Dihydropyridines, and Derivatives
Authors: Quirion J.‐C. , Leclerc E. , Jubault P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrroles and Derivatives
Authors: Jubault P. , Leclerc E. , Quirion J.‐C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alk‐1‐enylaminophosphorous Compounds
Authors: Collier S. J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fatty Acid Binding Receptors and Their Physiological Role in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Swaminath Gayathri 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamics of Supramolecular Association Monitored by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Al‐Soufi Wajih , Reija Belen , Felekyan Suren , Seidel Claus A. M. , Novo Mercedes 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of ThinPrep cytology in establishing the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of lung
Authors: Kim Stacey , Owens Christopher L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:ThinPrep liquid‐based cytology (TP) preparations are being used increasingly in nongynecologic specimens. To the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have evaluated TP cytology in the setting of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). Accurately differentiating SCCL from other lung tumors has important clinical and therapeutic implications. Herein, the authors evaluated the diagnostic utility and cytomorphology of TP in the setting of SCCL.METHODS:All cases of SCCL with prior or concurrent TP cytologic specimens were identified via computer search. The cytodiagnoses were tabulated. When available, cytologic material was reviewed. Performance parameters of the various cytologic modalities processed with TP were calculated.RESULTS:In 121 patients with SCCL, 261 TP specimens were identified. The cytodiagnoses were: SCCL (119 specimens), suspicious for SCCL (45 specimens), atypical cells‐not otherwise specified (22 specimens), negative/nondiagnostic (63 specimens), and nonsmall cell carcinoma (4 specimens). During the same period of time, 3 cases of false‐positive diagnoses of SCCL were identified. The positive predictive value for a cytodiagnosis of SCCL on TP was 97.5%, and the sensitivity was 62.8%. Bronchial brush was the most sensitive cytologic modality (78.3%). Immunostaining was found to be contributory to the diagnosis in 10 of the 11 cases in which it was attempted.CONCLUSIONS:TP is a sound alternative to conventional preparations for the cytodiagnosis of SCCL. Cytomorphology of SCCL is altered in TP with less molding, less cell fragility, more discohesion, and tumor cell shrinkage artifact. Immunohistochemical staining of cellblocks is a useful adjunct in challenging cases. A positive cytodiagnosis of SCCL on TP can be used to initiate definitive therapy when biopsy is not possible. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Fine‐needle aspiration for nucleic acid‐ased molecular analyses in breast cancer
Authors: Uzan Catherine , Andre Fabrice , Scott Veronique , Laurent Isabelle , Azria Elie , Suciu Voichita , Balleyguier Corinne , Lacroix Ludovic , Delaloge Suzette , Vielh Philippe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:With the widespread development of genomic analysis, an accurate and quick method for obtaining high‐quality nucleic acids is needed. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the quality and potential use of material obtained from fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).METHODS:Ultrasound‐ or palpation‐guided FNAC was performed in 124 consecutive patients who had nodular breast lesions. The authors evaluated the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) obtained, its quality through the RNA Integrity (RIN) score, and the factors that influenced both. For malignant lesions, the authors attempted to correlate estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and HER‐2 (c‐erb–B2) mRNA expression measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with estrogen receptor and HER‐2 detection obtained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on the surgical specimen.RESULTS:The amount of mRNA obtained was >1 μg in 89.5% of 124 samples (43 benign lesions and 81 adenocarcinomas). Overall, 59.3% of samples yielded >1 μg RNA with a RIN score >6. The most significant predictors of quality and quantity of mRNA were the cytopathologist who sampled the tumors and a diagnosis of cancer versus benign lesion. The median ESR1 expression level, which was expressed as the polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold (CT) level minus the average 18S value (dct), was 17.7 dct in patients with estrogen receptor‐negative tumors and 11.1 dct in patients with estrogen receptor‐positive tumors,. The median HER‐2 expression level was 15.1 dct in patients with HER‐2‐negative tumors and 10.7 dct in patients with HER‐2‐positive tumors. mRNA expression was concordant with the IHC/FISH evaluation in 90.3% of patients for estrogen receptor status and in 98.5% of patients for HER‐2 status.CONCLUSIONS:In 70% of cases, FNAC of breast lesions in well trained hands allowed the extraction of mRNA suitable for gene expression analysis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Unsatisfactory SurePath liquid‐based Papanicolaou tests
Authors: Alsharif Mariam , McKeon Dan M. , Gulbahce H. Evin , Savik Kay , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The introduction of liquid‐based Papanicolaou (Pap) tests (LBPTs) has reduced the incidence of unsatisfactory Pap tests (UPTs), but little is known about their causes and significance, especially in the case of SurePath LBPTs.METHODS:All unsatisfactory LBPTs from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2006 were retrieved. The characteristics of patients, providers, and LBPTs; the reason for UPTs; and any cytologic or histologic follow‐up within 24 months were recorded. Negative Pap tests that were evaluated immediately after a UPT served as a control group.RESULTS:Of 243,006 Pap tests (95.5% SurePath LBPTs), 0.23% were unsatisfactory. Scant cellularity was the primary cause of SurePath UPT. Women in this UPT group were older, had more diagnostic Pap tests taken, less frequently were taking contraceptives or were pregnant, and were more likely to be menopausal or posthysterectomy. The 278 women who had UPTs had significantly higher rates of follow‐up Pap tests (65.1% vs 22.2%), abnormal Pap tests (5.4% vs 1.4%), biopsies (10% vs 1%), and abnormal biopsies (5% vs 1%) than the 284 women in the control group, including 7 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN‐1), 1 woman with CIN‐2, 4 women with CIN‐3, and 2 women with endometrial hyperplasia. The UPT rates varied little between provider groups (physicians vs nonphysicians and gynecologists vs nongynecologists).CONCLUSIONS:The frequency of UPTs in a predominantly SurePath LBPT‐screened population was very low and was caused mainly by low cellularity. Similar to conventional Pap smears, unsatisfactory SurePath LBPTs had a higher risk of significant histologic abnormalities on follow‐up than negative satisfactory Pap tests and could have benefited from a repeat Pap test or other evaluation, according to current management guidelines. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
EGFR mutations are detected comparably in cytologic and surgical pathology specimens of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Smouse Jason H. , Cibas Edmund S. , Jänne Pasi A. , Joshi Victoria A. , Zou Kelly H. , Lindeman Neal I. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are present in ∼10% of nonsmall cell lung cancers, and higher in never‐smokers, women, and Asians. Small in‐frame deletions in exon 19 (∼45%) and L858R mutation in exon 21 (∼40%) predict response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, whereas some others herald resistance. Direct sequencing of tumor DNA detects all EGFR mutations, but is limited by interference from nonmalignant cells within the samples. Concern over such interference has discouraged testing cytologic samples, but the adequacy of cytologic specimens for EGFR sequencing has not been studied.METHODS:EGFR sequencing of surgical and cytologic specimens at Brigham and Women's Hospital over the past 2 years was reviewed. Of 239 specimens, 227 (95%) were surgical, and 12 (5%) were cytologic (fine needle aspirations, pleural fluids, bronchial washings, and bronchoalveolar lavages).RESULTS:Sixty‐three (28%) surgical specimens showed EGFR mutations, whereas 143 (63%) were negative, 8 (3.5%) failed, and 14 (6.2%) were inconclusive (negative result in a heterogeneous sample). Seven (58%) cytologic specimens showed EGFR mutations, whereas 4 (33%) were negative, and 1 (8.3%) was inconclusive. Cytologic specimens were more likely to have a mutation than surgical specimens (P = .02). There was no significant difference in the frequency of inconclusive results.CONCLUSIONS:Cytologic specimens are suitable for EGFR sequencing and show comparable sensitivity for mutation detection as compared with surgical specimens. The suitability of a sample should be determined on a case‐by‐case basis, and cytologic samples should not be dismissed as inadequate without a thorough review. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Extracellular ATP induces retinal photoreceptor apoptosis through activation of purinoceptors in rodents
Authors: Puthussery Theresa , Fletcher Erica 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that photoreceptors express P2X7 purinoceptors. These excitatory receptors are activated by extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and have been implicated in neurodegeneration in other parts of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study we examined whether extracellular ATP could contribute to photoreceptor degeneration in rodents through excessive activation of P2 purinoceptors. Intravitreal injection of high concentrations of extracellular ATP into normal rat eyes induced extensive and selective apoptosis of photoreceptors within 18 hours of injection. Five days after injection the outer nuclear layer was severely degenerated and electroretinographic responses were impaired. Preinjection of the purinergic antagonist pyridoxal‐phosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic acid (PPADS) protected against ATP‐mediated apoptosis. The initial phase of ATP‐induced photoreceptor death did not temporally coincide with retinal pigment epithelium degeneration or microglial activation, suggesting that cell death was due to direct activation of purinergic receptors on photoreceptors. Finally, we demonstrate that intravitreal injection of PPADS results in a 30% increase in photoreceptor survival in the rd1 mouse, a model of human recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These findings highlight the importance of extracellular ATP in retinal neurodegeneration and provide a potential new avenue for therapeutic intervention in RP. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:430–440, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preferential localization of neural cell recognition molecule NB‐2 in developing glutamatergic neurons in the rat auditory brainstem
Authors: Toyoshima Manabu , Sakurai Kunie , Shimazaki Kuniko , Takeda Yasuo , Nakamoto Masatoshi , Serizawa Shou , Shimoda Yasushi , Watanabe Kazutada 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNB‐2 is a neuronal cell recognition molecule that is preferentially expressed in auditory pathways. Mice deficient in the NB‐2 gene exhibit aberrant responses to acoustic stimuli. Here we examined the expression and localization of NB‐2 in the auditory brainstem during development in the rat. NB‐2 was strongly expressed in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), ventral acoustic stria, lateral and medial superior olivary complex (SOC), superior paraolivary nucleus, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), ventrolateral lemniscus, and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC). In the VCN and CIC, NB‐2 was expressed in the regions that are known to respond to high frequencies. In situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry suggested that NB‐2 is expressed only in neurons. NB‐2 was colocalized with glutamatergic elements in the neuropil and the calyces of Held but not with glycinergic or GABAergic elements. NB‐2 expression in the SOC was first detected at embryonic day (E)19, reached a maximum level at postnatal day (P)7, and declined thereafter. Immunolabeling with VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, markers for mature and premature glutamatergic synapses, respectively, in combination with NB‐2 immunolabeling revealed that NB‐2 is expressed at glutamatergic synapses. Collectively, our findings suggest that NB‐2 plays a key role in maturation of glutamatergic synapses in the brainstem during the final stages of auditory development. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:349–362, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexpression of α2A‐adrenergic and δ‐opioid receptors in substance P‐containing terminals in rat dorsal horn
Authors: Riedl Maureen S. , Schnell Stephen A. , Overland Aaron C. , Chabot‐Doré Anne‐Julie , Taylor Anna M. , Ribeiro‐Da‐Silva Alfredo , Elde Robert P. , Wilcox George L. , Stone Laura S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAgonists acting at α2‐adrenergic and opioid receptors (α2ARs and ORs, respectively) inhibit pain transmission in the spinal cord. When coadministered, agonists activating these receptors interact in a synergistic manner. Although the existence of α2AR/OR synergy has been well characterized, its mechanism remains poorly understood. The formation of heterooligomers has been proposed as a molecular basis for interactions between neuronal G‐protein‐coupled receptors. The relevance of heterooligomer formation to spinal analgesic synergy requires demonstration of the expression of both receptors within the same neuron as well as the localization of both receptors in the same neuronal compartment. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the spatial relationship between α2ARs and ORs in the rat spinal cord to determine whether coexpression could be demonstrated between these receptors. We observed extensive colocalization between α2A‐adrenergic and δ‐opioid receptors (DOP) on substance P (SP)‐immunoreactive (‐ir) varicosities in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord and in peripheral nerve terminals in the skin. α2AAR‐ and DOP‐ir elements were colocalized in subcellular structures of 0.5 μm or less in diameter in isolated nerve terminals. Furthermore, coincubation of isolated synaptosomes with α2AR and DOP agonists resulted in a greater‐than‐additive increase in the inhibition of K+‐stimulated neuropeptide release. These findings suggest that coexpression of the synergistic receptor pair α2AAR‐DOP on primary afferent nociceptive fibers may represent an anatomical substrate for analgesic synergy, perhaps as a result of protein–protein interactions such as heterooligomerization. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:385–398, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐cell‐neighborhood relations in tissue sections—A quantitative model for tissue cytometry
Authors: Händel N. , Brockel A. , Heindl M. , Klein E. , Uhlig H. H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPhysical interactions between different cell types are a requirement for the initiation and maintenance of immune responses. The distribution pattern of cells within a tissue may result from specific cell‐cell‐interactions or random distribution. Tissue architecture, degree of inflammation, frequencies of cells, number of contact partners, cell type, and size as well as cell movement and contact time determine the distribution of cells within tissues. We developed a matrix model to determine the degree of expected random distribution of two cell types (A and B) and cell‐cell‐contacts within tissue sections. The model predictions were compared with experimental data derived from immunofluorescence microscopy. We implemented a computer algorithm for automatic image analysis to visualize and quantify cell‐cell‐neighborhood relations. Using the number of cells type A (a), the total cell number (t) and the mean number of cells that are in contact with cells type B (cB), the ratio of cells type B in contact with cells type A can be described by bA/b = 1− (1− (a/t))⁁ˆcB. We applied the model system to investigate the distribution of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with Ki‐67+ proliferating cells within mouse tissue sections. The matrix model provides a tool to describe the expected distribution of two different cell types and their cell‐cell‐contacts within tissues. Comparing the degree of expected random distribution with experimental data might help to propose functional cell‐cell‐interactions in tissue sections. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry