bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Band transport evidence in PEDOT:PSS films using broadband optical spectroscopy from terahertz to ultraviolet region
Authors: Guo Zijing , Sato Tetsu , Han Yang , Takamura Naoki , Ikeda Ryohei , Miyamoto Tatsuya , Kida Noriaki , Ogino Makiko , Takahashi Youtarou , Kasuya Naotaka , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun , Wei Qingshuo , Mukaida Masakazu , Okamoto Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a prototypical conducting polymer. When a polar solvent is used during film fabrication, the hole-doped PEDOT oligomers form crystalline clusters in the films, exhibiting high conductivity. However, whether hole carriers exhibit band transport has not been clarified yet. Here, we employ a multilayer spin-coating method using an aqueous solution with ethylene glycol, with additional procedures of dipping the films in ethylene glycol or dropping sulfuric acid onto the films, to achieve a high DC conductivity of ∼1000 S cm−1 or higher. Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and far-infrared-to-ultraviolet reflection spectroscopy, we derive complex optical conductivity $$\widetilde{\sigma }$$

σ

̃

spectra, which are reproduced by the sum of the Drude response, and Lorentz-oscillator responses due to phonons. These results demonstrate the band transport, which is further confirmed by the Hall effect measurements. The hole mobility estimated from the spectral analyses is 7–11 cm2 V−1 s−1, a significantly large value. The reported evaluation methods for broadband $$\widetilde{\sigma }$$

σ

̃

spectra can help elucidate carrier transport mechanisms in various conducting films.
Climate change: why oncologists need to get involved
Authors: Schiller Joan H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA warming planet will have devasting effects on human health – including the care, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer patients. As oncology health care professionals, we have a moral and professional obligation to educate our peers, health systems, the public, and other stakeholders as to the dangers they can expect, and how they can be prevented or mitigated. There are numerous ways that we, as trusted messengers, can take action, either personally, locally, nationally, or by supporting non-profit organizations advocating for climate change and cancer.
Automated classification of giant virus genomes using a random forest model built on trademark protein families
Authors: Ha Anh D. , Aylward Frank O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractViruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota, often referred to as “giant viruses,” are prevalent in various environments around the globe and play significant roles in shaping eukaryotic diversity and activities in global ecosystems. Given the extensive phylogenetic diversity within this viral group and the highly complex composition of their genomes, taxonomic classification of giant viruses, particularly incomplete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) can present a considerable challenge. Here we developed TIGTOG (Taxonomic Information of Giant viruses using Trademark Orthologous Groups), a machine learning-based approach to predict the taxonomic classification of novel giant virus MAGs based on profiles of protein family content. We applied a random forest algorithm to a training set of 1531 quality-checked, phylogenetically diverse Nucleocytoviricota genomes using pre-selected sets of giant virus orthologous groups (GVOGs). The classification models were predictive of viral taxonomic assignments with a cross-validation accuracy of 99.6% at the order level and 97.3% at the family level. We found that no individual GVOGs or genome features significantly influenced the algorithm’s performance or the models’ predictions, indicating that classification predictions were based on a comprehensive genomic signature, which reduced the necessity of a fixed set of marker genes for taxonomic assigning purposes. Our classification models were validated with an independent test set of 823 giant virus genomes with varied genomic completeness and taxonomy and demonstrated an accuracy of 98.6% and 95.9% at the order and family level, respectively. Our results indicate that protein family profiles can be used to accurately classify large DNA viruses at different taxonomic levels and provide a fast and accurate method for the classification of giant viruses. This approach could easily be adapted to other viral groups.
Design of integrated wideband WR34‐band diplexer‐antenna array module for exploration of monolithic metal 3‐D printing for space applications
Authors: Vaitukaitis Povilas , Rao Jiayu , Nai Kenneth , Hong Jiasheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe design of a wideband diplexer integrated with a 16‐slot Continuous Transverse Stub (CTS) antenna array is presented. The diplexer‐antenna array module covers the whole WR34 band. The Tx and Rx bands cover 21.7–26 and 27.5–33 GHz ranges, respectively. The diplexer is designed to have a 100 dB attenuation in the stopband and 40 dB isolation between the channels. The antenna array has a high gain, between 26.9 and 31 dBi, at the lowest and highest frequencies. For the preliminary exploration of monolithic metal 3‐D printing of complex geometry integrated RF front ends, two prototypes were manufactured in AlSi10 Mg. One‐piece fabrication eliminates complicated assembly, enhances reliability, and reduces weight, which is more desirable for space applications. Due to several factors, namely, an unpolished inner surface and imperfect printing quality, the diplexer had a poor measured performance. The measured results of the antenna array had a relatively better agreement with simulations. Although, the realised gain was affected by the much lower effective conductivity of the unpolished 3‐D printed material. Hence, the measured realised gain was between 27.8 and 30.9 dBi in the 29–33 GHz range.
The impact of blade inlet angle (β2) influence on pump‐as‐turbine performance by using entropy production theory
Authors: Fordjour Alexander , Dwomoh Frank A. , Otuboah Francis Yaw , Kwabene Castro Owusu‐Manu , Asomani Stephen Ntiri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effect of the blade inlet angle on the pump‐as‐turbine (PAT) has not been adequately investigated. The hydraulic performance of PAT was analyzed using an available test rig. The accuracy of the numerical data was established by the comparative analysis of the experimental data. The study demonstrated that as the blade inlet angle increases, so does hydraulic performance, but only to a certain degree. The required pressure head and the shaft power increased with the increase in blade inlet angle. As compared to the volute and outlet pipe, the hydraulic power loss within the impeller accounts for a large portion of the total power loss. The impeller power loss decreases and increases at low and high flow rates, respectively, as the blade inlet angle increases. The fluid angle of attack decreases as the blade inlet angle increases at high flow, allowing the impeller power loss to drop and performance to increase. To visualize PAT internal energy loss, the distribution of the variable of pressure, velocity, and entropy dissipation theory was applied. The impeller had the highest energy loss of the PAT geometrical parameters. The shock loss, flow separation, and asymmetric volute structure are the primary causes of impeller loss. The unsteady simulation results showed that rotor–stator interaction greatly influences the gap between the volute tongue and the impeller tip. The research results provide a reference for the design of the PAT.
Gesundheitsschädliche Wirkungen von Aromen in E-Zigaretten
Authors: Sommer Natascha , Franzen Klaas , Andreas Stefan , Pankow Wulf , Kunstmann Wilfried , Hanewinkel Reiner 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Fast alle E-Zigaretten enthalten Aromastoffe, die das Produkt attraktiver machen. Bei der Bewertung von E-Zigaretten in Bezug auf die Gesundheit spielten Aromen bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed, ergänzt durch rechtliche Bestimmungen zur Nutzung von Aromen in E-Zigaretten.
Ergebnisse Aromen erleichtern den Einstieg in den E-Zigarettenkonsum und haben eine konsumfördernde Wirkung. Durch tieferes Inhalieren werden die Nikotinaufnahme und die Aufnahme toxischer Substanzen aus dem E-Zigaretten-Liquid gesteigert. Für einige Aromen wurden pathologische Wirkungen, additiv zu anderen toxischen Bestandteilen der E-Zigarette, nachgewiesen. Für die große Mehrzahl der in E-Zigaretten enthaltenen Aromen liegen bisher keine toxikologischen Analysen vor.
Schlussfolgerungen Die nachgewiesene konsumfördernde Wirkung und die aus präklinischen Daten extrapolierbaren Gesundheitsrisiken sind bedeutsam für die politische Diskussion eines Verbots von Aromen auch für E-Zigaretten, analog zu dem bereits geltenden Verbot von Aromen in Tabakerzeugnissen.
Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin in Amelioration of Carbon
Tetrachloride-Induced Murine Liver Injury
Authors: Ghosian-Moghaddam Mohamad-Hasan , Mohseni-Moghaddam Parvaneh , Roghani Mehrdad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiosgenin is a sapogenin with antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory
properties. The current study investigated whether diosgenin could ameliorate
carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver injury. To cause liver injury, CCL4
was injected intraperitoneally twice a week for 8 weeks. Daily oral
administration of diosgenin at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg was started one day
before CCL4 injection and continued for 8 weeks. Finally, serum levels of
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and also
albumin were assessed. Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in
addition to glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also
quantified in the liver homogenate and routine histological evaluation was also
conducted. Elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and decreased serum level of
albumin caused by CCL4 were significantly restored following diosgenin
administration at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg. Long-term administration of CCL4
increased inflammatory and apoptotic factors such as IL-1β, caspase 3, TNF-α,
and IL-6 and decreased SOD and catalase activities as well as GSH level in liver
homogenates; while MDA level was increased. Treatment with diosgenin increased
SOD and catalase activities and GSH levels in the liver of injured animals. In
addition, liver MDA, IL-1β, caspase 3, TNF-α, and IL-6 level or activity
decreased by diosgenin treatment. Additionally, diosgenin aptly prevented
aberrant liver histological changes. According to obtained results, diosgenin
can dose-dependently diminish CCl4-induced liver functional deficits and
histological changes in a dose-dependent manner, possibly due to its antioxidant
and anti-inflammation properties, and its beneficial effect is comparable to
known hepatoprotective agent silymarin.
Laparoscopic Adrenal Gland Surgery in Times of COVID – Is a
Safety-Interval Before Surgery After COVID-Infection Still
Mandatory?
Authors: Lang Lina , Schirren Malte , Wirth Ulrich , Hofmann-Kiefer Klaus , Kroiss Matthias , Werner Jens , Zimmermann Petra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Due to a multicenter study early in the coronavirus disease
(COVID)-pandemic that revealed an increased risk for postoperative mortality,
thromboembolic and pulmonary complications in case of surgery shortly after a
COVID infection, current recommendations for planning elective surgeries suggest
postponing surgery for at least 7 weeks after COVID infection. However, virus
variants have evolved throughout the pandemic, leading to less severe symptoms.
Besides, laparoscopic adrenal gland surgery itself is a safe procedure with low
morbidity rates. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the perioperative course
of patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy shortly after a COVID-19
infection with those who had not had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2022.
Patients, Material, and Methods All patients who underwent laparoscopic
adrenalectomy at the Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation
Surgery at Ludwig-Maximilian University between January and December 2022 were
included.
Results There was no event of thromboembolic or pulmonary complications in
the study population. Duration of surgery did not differ between the two groups;
neither did the need for postoperative ICU-admittance nor the duration of
ICU-stay. Intraoperative FiO2 did not differ, nor did the
SpO2 or the number of different catecholamines. There was a
slight trend towards higher noradrenaline dosage among patients after COVID-19
infection. Previous COVID infection did not lead to prolonged hospital
stays.
Conclusion The results demonstrate that in case of well-standardized
surgical procedures, with a limited surgical trauma and the possibility for
patients to be mobilized early, surgery shortly after a mild COVID infection
seems safe and reasonable.
Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Banerjee Tanmoy , Sarkar Arnab , Ali Sk Zeeshan , Bhowmik Rudranil , Karmakar Sanmoy , Halder Amit Kumar , Ghosh Nilanjan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH.
Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
Can green finance policy promote ecosystem product value realization? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China
Authors: Wu Guoyong , Cheng Jianwei , Yang Fan , Chen Gaozhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study takes the Green Finance Pilot Zones (GFPZ) policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment and employs the synthetic control method to test the policy effect of GFPZ on ecosystem product value realization, using the province-level gross ecosystem product (GEP) panel data from 2011 to 2020. The results reveal that GFPZ significantly promotes the value realization of ecosystem products, this positive impact remains robust after the test of spatial placebo studies, leave-one-out estimation, difference-in-differences (DID) method, and controlling the effects of other policy impacts. Meanwhile, the ecological transformation of industries and ecological industry development serves as the critical mechanism pathways for GFPZ to realize the value of ecosystem products. In addition, we identify significant spatial spillover effects resulting from GFPZ implementation. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of the GFPZ policy on ecosystem product value realization is more significant in the central, the western regions, and the areas with high financial development levels. Moreover, for heterogeneous policy goals, GFPZ has greater policy impacts in ecologically vulnerable regions, followed by industrial upgrading regions, while the impact on the resource development region is not significant. These findings provide empirical evidence on the attributions of green finance policy to sustainable development and underscore the pressing need for enhancing the effective adaptation of green finance policy to local circumstances, making full use of green finance tools to promote ecosystem product value realization and advance sustainable development.
Key pathways toward developing more ecoliterate individuals: a harmonious discourse analysis perspective
Authors: Ha Changchen , Chen Yang , Dong Shumin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article explores key pathways to improve the Chinese people’s ecological literacy (ecoliteracy) in ecolinguistics, and uses the framework of harmonious discourse analysis (HDA) to show how those pathways work. First, by reviewing HDA and ecoliteracy, we clarified the feasibility of their combined study. Then, a questionnaire was conducted among the inhabitants of one of China’s most ecologically advanced cities, and the key pathways to improving ecoliteracy were determined. The results showed that there were eight factors that were considered to encourage the people to be more ecoliterate, falling into the categories of education, participation in activities, and documents and publicity. We also reviewed a variety of cases and demonstrated the significance of these pathways for ecoliteracy using the framework of HDA. We found that an ecoliterate individual can guide ecological practice better by following the general assumption of human-orientedness and the principles of conscience, proximity, and regulation. These results provide new ways for ecologists and linguists to explore ecological issues, not only broadening the linguistic pathways of ecoliteracy, but also enriching the content of HDA.
Engineered charge transport layers for improving indoor perovskite photovoltaic performance
Authors: Datt Ram , Caprioglio Pietro , Choudhary Saqlain , Lan Weixia , Snaith Henry , Tsoi Wing Chung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The developing Internet of Things market is attracting the indoor photovoltaic (IPV) as an essential power source. Perovskite photovoltaics (PPVs) are a fascinating candidate for IPV in solution-processable photovoltaics. Recent developments in PPVs can deliver power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 25% outdoor (AM 1.5 G) and over 40% under indoor (1000 lux) light. The selection of charge transport layers (CTLs) has played an essential role in improving PPVs indoor performance. Herein, formamidinium-caesium-based mixed-cation (FACsPb(I,Br)3) PPV devices are fabricated, and evaluated their outdoor and indoor performances by changing the different CTL combinations such as PTAA-PCBM and SAM-C60. Outdoor PCEs were 13.76% and 15.27% achieved for PTAA-PCBM and SAM-C60-based devices, respectively. Meanwhile, under LED (4000 K) 1000 lux, the PCEs were 26.32% and 31.92% for PTAA-PCBM and SAM-C60-based PPV, respectively. The short circuit current (J
sc) (116.8–122.5 µA cm−2) and fill factor (FF) (0.724–0.817) were the main parameters which improved for SAM-C60-based devices under indoor light. This study points to the importance of CTL combination and indicates the promising potential of SAM-C60 interlayers in PPV indoor applications.
Leapfrogging the darkness: contextualising the meaning of energy transitions for African countries
Authors: Sterl Sebastian , Shirley Rebekah , Githinji Mary , Dortch Rose , Guan Min , Turner Adair 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of research on African energy transitions and pinpoints critical questions that require answering to allow science-based policymaking. It both highlights unique elements of energy transitions research in the African context, and explains why these need deeper investigation to enable decisions informed by clear and objective country-specific analysis. In doing so, it pinpoints clear areas of future study that are urgently needed at the country level to enable science-informed policy.
Management and outcome in foreign-born vs native-born patients with myocardial infarction in Sweden
Authors: Zwackman Sammy , Häggström Jenny , Hagström Emil , Jernberg Tomas , Karlsson Jan-Erik , Lawesson Sofia Sederholm , Leosdottir Margret , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Eriksson Marie , Alfredsson Joakim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Previous studies on disparities in healthcare and outcomes have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess differences in baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, by country of birth.

Methods and results
In total, 194 259 MI patients (64% male, 15% foreign-born) from the nationwide SWEDEHEART (The Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) registry were included and compared by geographic region of birth. The primary outcome was 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including all-cause death, MI, and stroke. Secondary outcomes were long-term MACE (up to 12 years), the individual components of MACE, 30-day mortality, management, and risk factors. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard models, and propensity score match (PSM), accounting for baseline differences, were used. Foreign-born patients were younger, often male, and had a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk factor burden, including smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. In PSM analyses, Asia-born patients had higher likelihood of revascularization [odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.30], statins and beta-blocker prescription at discharge, and a 34% lower risk of 30-day mortality. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found in primary outcomes except for Asia-born patients having lower risk of 1-year MACE [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.98], driven by lower mortality (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57–0.91). The results persisted over the long-term follow-up.

Conclusion
This study shows that in a system with universal healthcare coverage in which acute and secondary preventive treatments do not differ by country of birth, foreign-born patients, despite higher CV risk factor burden, will do at least as well as native-born patients.