bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial efficacy of ozonated water, gaseous ozone, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in infected human root canals
Authors: Estrela C. , Estrela C. R. A. , Decurcio D. A. , Hollanda A. C. B. , Silva J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim  To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of ozonated water, gaseous ozone, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in human root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis.Methodology  Thirty human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 60 days. Eppendorf tubes were connected to the coronal portion of the teeth. Urethane hoses were attached to the tubes and to the entrance of a peristaltic pump. The exit of the apparatus corresponded to the apical portion of the root canals. The test irrigating solutions were ozonated water, gaseous ozone, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine that circulated at a constant flow of 50 mL min−1 for 20 min. Samples from the root canals were collected and immersed in 7 mL Letheen Broth (LB), followed by incubation at 37 °C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was analysed by turbidity of the culture medium and subculture on a specific nutrient broth. A 0.1 mL inoculum obtained from LB was transferred to 7 mL of brain heart infusion and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was checked by turbidity of the culture medium carried out in triplicate.Results  No solution used as an irrigant over a 20‐min contact time demonstrated an antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis.Conclusion  The irrigation of infected human root canals with ozonated water, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine and the application of gaseous ozone for 20 min was not sufficient to inactivate E. faecalis.
Social and biological early life influences on the prevalence of open bite in Brazilian 6‐year‐olds
Authors: PERES KAREN GLAZER , DE OLIVEIRA LATORRE MARIA DO ROSÁRIO DIAS , SHEIHAM AUBREY , PERES MARCO AURÉLIO , VICTORA CÉSAR GOMES , BARROS FERNANDO CELSO 
Published: November 2006

Objective. Little is known about the effects of social and biological risk factors for open bite on the primary dentition. The aim of this study was to assess the early‐life risk factors affecting anterior open bite.Methods. A cross‐sectional study using a birth cohort was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. A sample of 400, 6‐year‐old children was employed. The Foster and Hamilton criteria were used to classify open bite. Data concerning social conditions, and perinatal and childhood health and behaviour were obtained from birth to 12 months of age and during the fifth year of the children's lives. Unconditional bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results. The prevalence of anterior open bite was 46.3%. Risk factors included: a maternal age of between 30 and 39 years, as compared with children whose mothers were younger; breast‐feeding for < 9 months; dental caries experience; pacifier sucking between 12 months and 5 years, as compared to no sucking or a shorter duration of sucking; and the presence of finger‐sucking at 6 years of age.Conclusion. Open bite in the primary dentition was associated with older mothers, early weaning, dental caries occurrence, long‐term use of a pacifier and finger‐sucking at 6 years of age. These findings support the common risk approach for intervention to prevent open bite in the primary dentition.
RNase R degrades non‐stop mRNAs selectively in an SmpB‐tmRNA‐dependent manner
Authors: Richards Jamie , Mehta Preeti , Karzai A. Wali 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe SmpB‐tmRNA‐mediated trans‐translation system has two well‐established activities: rescuing ribosomes stalled on aberrant mRNAs and marking the associated protein fragments for proteolysis. Although the causative non‐stop mRNAs are known to be degraded, little is known about the enabling mechanism or the RNases involved in their disposal. We report that Escherichia coli has an enabling mechanism that requires RNase R activity and is dependent on the presence of SmpB protein and tmRNA, suggesting a requirement for active trans‐translation in facilitating RNase R engagement and promoting non‐stop mRNA decay. Interestingly, this selective transcript degradation by RNase R targets aberrant (non‐stop and multiple‐rare‐codon containing) mRNAs and does not affect the decay of related messages containing in‐frame stop codons. Most surprisingly, RNase II and PNPase do not play a significant role in tmRNA‐facilitated disposal of aberrant mRNAs. These findings demonstrate that RNase R is a crucial component of the trans‐translation‐mediated non‐stop mRNA decay process, thus providing a requisite activity well suited to complement the ribosome rescue and protein tagging functions of this unique quality control system.
IHF‐dependent activation of P1 plasmid origin by DnaA
Authors: Fekete Richard A. , Venkova‐Canova Tatiana , Park Kyusung , Chattoraj Dhruba K. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn bacteria, many DNA–protein interactions that initiate transcription, replication and recombination require the mediation of DNA architectural proteins such as IHF and HU. For replication initiation, plasmid P1 requires three origin binding proteins: the architectural protein HU, a plasmid‐specific initiator, RepA, and the Escherichia coli chromosomal initiator, DnaA. The two initiators bind in the origin of replication to multiple sites, called iterons and DnaA boxes respectively. We show here that all five known DnaA boxes can be deleted from the plasmid origin provided the origin is extended by about 120 bp. The additional DNA provides an IHF site and most likely a weak DnaA binding site, because replacing the putative site with an authentic DnaA box enhanced plasmid replication in an IHF‐dependent manner. IHF most likely brings about interactions between distally bound DnaA and RepA by bending the intervening DNA. The role of IHF in activating P1 origin by allowing DnaA binding to a weak site is reminiscent of the role the protein plays in initiating the host chromosomal replication.
High temperature acclimation of C4 photosynthesis is linked to changes in photosynthetic biochemistry
Authors: DWYER SIMON A. , GHANNOUM OULA , NICOTRA ADRIENNE , VON CAEMMERER SUSANNE 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTWith average global temperatures predicted to increase over the next century, it is important to understand the extent and mechanisms of C4 photosynthetic acclimation to modest increases in growth temperature. To this end, we compared the photosynthetic responses of two C4 grasses (Panicum coloratum and Cenchrus ciliaris) and one C4 dicot (Flaveria bidentis) to growth at moderate (25/20 °C, day/night) or high (35/30 °C, day/night) temperatures. In all three C4 species, CO2 assimilation rates (A) underwent significant thermal acclimation, such that when compared at growth temperatures, A increased less than what would be expected given the strong response of A to short‐term changes in leaf temperature. Thermal photosynthetic acclimation was further manifested by an increase in the temperature optima of A, and a decrease in leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area in the high‐ relative to the moderate‐temperature‐grown plants. Reduced photosynthetic capacity at the higher growth temperature was underpinned by selective changes in photosynthetic components. Plants grown at the higher temperature had lower amounts of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and cytochrome f and activity of carbonic anhydrase. The activities of photosystem II (PSII) and phosphenolpyruvate carboxylase were not affected by growth temperature. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of F. bidentis showed a corresponding decrease in the quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and an increase in non‐photochemical quenching (ΦNPQ). It is concluded that through these biochemical changes, C4 plants maintain the balance between the various photosynthetic components at each growth temperature, despite the differing temperature dependence of each process. As such, at higher temperatures photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency increases more than A. Our results suggest C4 plants will show only modest changes in photosynthetic rates in response to changes in growth temperature, such as those expected within or between seasons, or the warming anticipated as a result of global climate change.
Pustular dermatosis caused by fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) stings in a dog
Authors: Conceição Lissandro G. , Haddad Vidal , Loures Fabricia Hallack 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reports a case of spontaneous fire ant sting dermatitis in canine. The skin lesions consisted of nonfollicular, grouped pustules in the abdominal region. Several fire ants were found attached to the lesional skin. Histopathological findings included an intraepidermal neutrophilic pustule and predominantly neutrophilic interstitial dermatitis. An extensive area of collagen degeneration was also observed below the epidermal pustule. These clinical and histopathological findings are remarkable similar to those observed in fire ant stings in humans.
Repetitive Occipital Nerve Blockade for Cervicogenic Headache: Expanded Case Report of 47 Adults
Authors: Naja Zoher M. , El‐Rajab Mariam , Al‐Tannir Mohamad A. , Ziade Fouad M. , Tawfik Omar M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurpose:  To evaluate the repetitive occipital nerve blocks using a nerve stimulator in the treatment of cervicogenic headache.Methods:  This prospective noncomparative clinical interventional case‐series study included 47 patients suffering from cervicogenic headache using a repetitive guided occipital nerve blockade.Results:  Forty‐one patients (87%) required more than one injection to achieve six‐month pain‐relief period. For every three years of headache history, the outcomes demonstrated that a patient needed one additional injection to the basic injection.Conclusion:  The repeated nerve stimulator‐guided occipital nerve blockade is a treatment mode that may relieve cervicogenic headache with no recurrence for at least six months in addition to alleviation of associated symptoms.
Recurrent CXCR4 sequence variation in a girl with WHIM syndrome
Authors: Alapi Krisztina , Erdős Melinda , Kovács Gabriella , Maródi László 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWHIM (warts‐hypogammaglobulinemia‐infections‐myelokathexis) syndrome is a recently described primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutation of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor gene. We report here of a 6.5‐yr‐old girl with bacterial infections, severe chronic neutropenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Sequencing the CXCR4 gene revealed a c.1013C>G sequence variant suggesting WHIM syndrome. Recurrent c.1013C>G sequence variant of the CXCR4 gene resulting in p.S338X truncation mutation of this chemokine receptor protein is first reported here.
Emergency department Communication Officer: Response to consumer demand
Authors: Meek Robert , Torsello Sarah 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:  To determine whether the employment of a Communication Officer (CO) in the ED waiting room improves ED consumer satisfaction with regard to information exchange and general care received in the waiting room.Methods:  Multifactorial analytic cross sectional survey on convenience samples of ED consumers. Consumers were eligible if they had been in the waiting room for more than 30 min. Comparisons in responses using ordinal regression analysis were made between shifts on which there was no intervention present, where the CO, an educational video or both were present.Results:  When the CO was present the responses to seven of 10 questions regarding information exchange and general care were significantly improved (all P < 0.01) and three were not. When only the video was running, the responses to none of the 10 questions were significantly improved. The concurrent presence of the video neither enhanced nor detracted from the responses regarding the CO when both were present. Responses to all five questions regarding the CO were positive, and responses to two of three questions regarding the value of the video were positive.Conclusion:  The presence of a designated CO in the ED waiting room enhances the communication with, and perceptions of general care by ED consumers.
Multislice computed tomographic pulmonary angiography for diagnosing pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: Has the ‘one‐stop shop’ arrived?
Authors: Mountain David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCurrent diagnostic pathways for pulmonary embolism are complex and involve multiple tests. Clinicians await a single diagnostic modality that accurately rules in or out pulmonary embolism and also provides additional diagnostic and prognostic information. Multislice computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (msCTPA) might be that test. msCTPA has good outcomes using current reference standards and can be used as a stand alone test in low risk patients. Additional leg vein imaging should still be performed for higher‐risk patients. CT venography performed immediately after msCTPA has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for proximal deep venous thrombosis to allow a single scan to rule out venous thromboembolism in most patients. Up to 40% of patients have important alternative diagnoses seen on msCTPA. Right ventricular measurements may be calculated from msCTPA data and provide prognostic information for patients with severe PE. This may replace the need for echocardiography in the future. msCTPA provides a safe single radiological investigation for diagnosing PE for most patients, after risk stratification and D‐dimer testing. A pathway is provided for msCTPA use in the management of PE in the ED.
Randomized, single blinded control trial comparing haemolysis rate between two cannula aspiration techniques
Authors: Dwyer Donovan G , Fry Margaret , Somerville Annabel , Holdgate Anna 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:  Blood aspiration through i.v. cannulae is a common ED sampling method. It is, however, associated with increased haemolysis rates when compared with direct venipuncture. Our ED utilizes two common methods of sampling through cannulae. The aim of the present study was to examine the haemolysis rates for these two techniques.Methods:  A randomized, single blinded prospective study was performed. From a convenience sample patients were randomized to either ‘Method one’ (blood taken directly from cannula hub) or ‘Method two’ (blood taken using an Interlink device through cannula cap). For each group patient demographics, clinical information and haemolysis were analysed. χ2‐analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model were applied to determine significant relationships.Results:  A total of 1390 patients were enrolled, 694 had blood collected by ‘Method one’ and 696 by ‘Method two’, with haemolysis rates of 6.5% and 7.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed ease of aspiration to be the only variable to have a strong association with haemolysis (P < 0.0001). After allowing for ease of aspiration the technique used did not significantly affect haemolysis rate (P = 0.7).Conclusions:  The rate of haemolysis is unrelated to the technique of blood aspiration. However, haemolysis rates increase significantly with perceived difficulty of blood draw.
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg in Japanese Patients with Severe Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Marumo Ken , Imaoka Takeshi , Fujimoto Kenjiro , Watts Steven , Stothard Diane , McGill James 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor with documented efficacy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
To compare the efficacy and tolerability of tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg in men with severe ED.

Methods
A prespecified subgroup analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of tadalafil 10 and 20 mg measured by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) erectile function (EF) domain and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) among patients with severe ED (EF domain score=1–10) in a Japanese placebo-controlled study (PCT). We also analyzed the efficacy of the two doses in men with severe ED post hoc by pooling data from three tadalafil clinical trials that evaluated these doses using a similar study design (three placebo-controlled trials), and evaluated (post hoc) the presence of organic comorbidities in patients with different levels of response to tadalafil 10 or 20 mg.

Main Outcome Measures
Mean change in the IIEF-EF domain and mean per-patient changes in percent “yes” responses to SEP Question 2 (SEP2) and Question 3 (SEP3).

Results
Patients with severe ED in the Japanese study experienced numerically greater increases (improvements) when taking tadalafil 20 mg compared with 10 mg in the IIEF-EF domain (14.3 vs. 12.4; P =0.355), SEP2 (60% vs. 57%; P =0.781), and SEP3 (61% vs. 49%, P =0.196). When sufficiently powered, these observations reached statistical significance in the three PCTs: patients with severe ED experienced greater increases when taking tadalafil 20 mg compared with 10 mg in the IIEF-EF domain (13.6 vs. 10.4; P =0.014) and SEP3 (56% vs. 43%, P =0.019). Both doses were well tolerated.

Conclusion
Patients with severe ED, and especially those with an organic comorbidity, may derive greater clinical benefits from tadalafil 20 mg compared with 10 mg.
Staphylococcus aureus
and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A in Breaded Chicken Products: Detection and Behavior during the Cooking Process
Authors: Pepe Olimpia , Blaiotta Giuseppe , Bucci Francesca , Anastasio Marilena , Aponte Maria , Villani Francesco 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In this study we examined the presence of
Staphylococcus aureus
and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in 20 industrial breaded chicken products obtained from different retail butchers and supermarket stores in Italy. The levels of contamination in the products analyzed were quite low, although the pH values and water activities (a
w
) in the samples considered were in ranges favorable for
S. aureus
growth. As demonstrated by phenotypic and molecular characterization, in spite of the high percentage of coagulase-positive
Staphylococcus
strains, only three strains could be referred to the species
S. aureus
. Moreover, all the strains were negative in PCR assays targeting staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (
se
A to
se
E,
se
G to
se
J, and
se
M to
se
O), as well as the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene, and no SEA was detected in the retail breaded chicken samples analyzed by a reversed passive latex agglutination assay or by Western blotting. Hence, we evaluated the thermal resistance of two strains of SEA-producing
S. aureus
in a laboratory-scale preparation of precooked breaded chicken cutlets. The heat treatment employed in the manufacture determined the inactivation of
S. aureus
cells, but the preformed SEA remained active during product storage at 4°C. The presence of the staphylococci and, in particular, of
S. aureus
in the retail breaded chicken products analyzed is a potential health risk for consumers since the pH and a
w
values of these kinds of products are favorable for
S. aureus
growth. The thermal process used during their manufacture can limit staphylococcal contamination but cannot eliminate preformed toxins.
In Vivo Insertional Mutagenesis in
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
: an Efficient Means To Identify DNA Sequences Encoding Exported Proteins
Authors: Dorella Fernanda A. , Estevam Estela M. , Pacheco Luis G. C. , Guimarães Cláudia T. , Lana Ubiraci G. P. , Gomes Eliane A. , Barsante Michele M. , Oliveira Sérgio C. , Meyer Roberto , Miyoshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The reporter transposon-based system TnFuZ was used to identify exported proteins of the animal pathogen
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
. Thirty-four out of 1,500 mutants had detectable alkaline phosphatase (PhoZ) activity. This activity was from 21
C. pseudotuberculosis
loci that code for fimbrial and transport subunits and for hypothetical and unknown-function proteins.
Examination of the Watershed-Wide Distribution of
Escherichia coli
along Southern Lake Michigan: an Integrated Approach
Authors: Whitman Richard L. , Nevers Meredith B. , Byappanahalli Muruleedhara N. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Recent research has highlighted the occurrence of
Escherichia coli
in natural habitats not directly influenced by sewage inputs. Most studies on
E. coli
in recreational water typically focus on discernible sources (e.g., effluent discharge and runoff) and fall short of integrating riparian, nearshore, onshore, and outfall sources. An integrated “beachshed” approach that links
E. coli
inputs and interactions would be helpful to understand the difference between background loading and sewage pollution; to develop more accurate predictive models; and to understand the differences between potential, net, and apparent culturable
E. coli
. The objective of this study was to examine the interrelatedness of
E. coli
occurrence from various coastal watershed components along southern Lake Michigan. The study shows that once established in forest soil,
E. coli
can persist throughout the year, potentially acting as a continuous non-point source of
E. coli
to nearby streams. Year-round background stream loading of
E. coli
can influence beach water quality.
E. coli
is present in highly variable counts in beach sand to depths just below the water table and to distances at least 5 m inland from the shore, providing a large potential area of input to beach water. In summary,
E. coli
in the fluvial-lacustrine system may be stored in forest soils, sediments surrounding springs, bank seeps, stream margins and pools, foreshore sand, and surface groundwater. While rainfall events may increase
E. coli
counts in the foreshore sand and lake water, concentrations quickly decline to prerain concentrations. Onshore winds cause an increase in
E. coli
in shallow nearshore water, likely resulting from resuspension of
E. coli
-laden beach sand. When examining indicator bacteria source, flux, and context, the entire “beachshed” as a dynamic interacting system should be considered.
Molecular Analysis of
tet
(W) Gene-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Dominant Intestinal
Bifidobacterium
Species from Healthy Humans
Authors: Flórez Ana Belén , Ammor Mohammed Salim , Álvarez-Martín Pablo , Margolles Abelardo , Mayo Baltasar 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

tet
(W) was found responsible for tetracycline resistance (MICs, 4 to ≥32 μg ml
−1
) in dominant bifidobacterial species from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy humans. The gene from
Bifidobacterium longum
H66 proved to be identical over a 2.6-kbp region to the recently described
tet
(W) determinant of
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
.