bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing profitability, sustainability, and resilience of rice-based cropping systems by including premium quality rice and intensifying and diversifying cropping systems
Authors: Ahmed Sharif , Ferdous A.K.M , Alam Md. Jahangir , Alam Muhammad Khairul , Bhandari Humnath , Timsina Jagadish 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

To increase the profitability and sustainability of rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh, sustainable intensification through diversifying high-value and climate-smart crops/varieties is required. Therefore, a multi-location farmer’s participatory cropping systems trial was conducted in two consecutive years in south-west Bangladesh aimed at the profitable and sustainable cropping systems evaluation. The on-farm trial included five rice-based cropping systems such as (i) rice-fallow-rice (R-F-R), (ii) rice-mustard-rice (R-M-R), (iii) rice-lentil-mungbean (R-L-M) (iv) rice-wheat-mungbean (R-W-M) and (v) rice-relay mustard-rice (R-RM-R). The trial was conducted in 60 farmers’ fields in two adjacent districts with similar weather conditions and premium quality rice variety/es was tested in the R-M-R and R-RM-R systems. We evaluated the systems rice equivalent yield (REY), systems profitability, sustainable yield index (SYI), production and land use efficiency, and systems protein and energy outputs. The highest system REY (14.1–14.4 t ha-1) was recorded from the cropping system R-M-R which was similar to the cropping system R-RM-R in 2015/16. The R-M-R cropping systems had 20–25% higher REY than the systems R-F-R which recorded the lowest REY (11.2–11.4 t ha-1). The highest systems net return (1610–1879 USD ha-1) was recorded from the CS R-M-R; however, the highest (1.83–1.99) benefit-cost ratio was involved with CS R-L-M and it was due to lower production cost involvement with this system. The CS R-M-R had the highest SYI (0.84–0.85), followed by R-RM-R and R-L-M, and the lowest value was from R-W-M (0.75–0.77). The highest systems protein, systems energy, and systems profitability were recorded from the CS R-M-R; however, the highest land-use efficiency was recorded from the CS R-RM-R. The study revealed that planting mustard between two rice crops (premium quality varieties with short duration aman), either as a sole crop or with the relay of aman rice, is one of the most profitable options for crop intensification in rice-fallow-rice cropping systems.
Generalized mechanism model for ecosystem hysteresis
Authors: Wang Yanfen , Hao Yanbin , Wang Xin , Liu Jie , Du Jianqing , Xue Kai , Cui Xiaoyong , Song Xiaoning , Zhao Tong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ecosystem hysteresis, the occurrence of irreversible state transitions due to external disturbances, is a prevalent phenomenon in dynamic ecosystems. Understanding hysteresis is essential for predicting ecosystem responses and developing effective restoration strategies. However, the intrinsic dynamics quantifying the positive-negative feedback in driving hysteresis and its intensity remain undisclosed. We introduce a quantitative framework to address hysteresis by assessing ecosystem states and feedback loops, which diverges from prior phenomenological theories of hysteresis. Employing this framework, a generalized mechanism model is proposed to estimate positive-negative feedback strengths and defines the irreversible potential of hysteresis to determine its intensity. We identify a dimensionless critical constant that indicates whether hysteresis occurs. The model effectively captures both forward and backward trajectories of hysteresis across various ecological scale. The direction of state transitions may be predicted using unidirectional data. Our findings offer a universal framework for predicting and mitigating irreversible state shifts of ecosystems.
Low-Dimensional Templates and Delayed Crystallization for High-Quality Tin-Based Perovskite Films
Authors: Li Wenwu , Wu Yanqiu , Yang Shuzhang , Li Enlong , Liu Yu , Yuan Feng , Wen Jincheng , Hua Lina , Wang Wunan , Yang Yingguo , Lei Yusheng , Chu Junhao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The quasi-2D tin-based perovskite is a prominent candidate for p-type perovskite semiconductor materials because of their remarkable thermodynamic stability and diminished ion migration tendencies. However, the competitive growth of low-dimensional and high-dimensional phases in quasi-2D perovskites leads to structural disorder and poor crystal orientation, thereby forming defective films and further impacting charge carrier transport. Here, we introduce a strategy to selectively promote the formation of high-quality PEA2FAn − 1SnnI3n−1SCN2 (n = 2) templates by incorporating PEASCN into the perovskite precursor solution. By substituting formamdinium iodide (FAI) with formamidinium formate (FAHCOO) and ammonium iodide (NH4I), we effectively inhibit the growth of 3D FASnI3, thus achieving control over crystallization kinetics. This approach facilitates the growth of low-dimensional templates that guide the formation of high-dimensional phases during the annealing process. The resulting optimized perovskite films exhibit a well-defined vertical crystallographic orientation and reduced defect density, which significantly enhance charge carrier transport. The fabricated field-effect transistors demonstrate a maximum mobility of 43 cm2 V− 1 s− 1 and an on/off ratio exceeding 108. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices show outstanding operational and environmental stability, maintaining performance for over 30 days. These results offer new insights into the material engineering of tin-based perovskite films and highlight the potential for high-performance and stable devices.
Telegram Messenger as a Learning Tool for Medical Students During Corona Virus Pandemic in the University of Benghazi
Authors: Awad Hend Rafa , Amer Abeer Hussein , Abass Gada 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Globally, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic reached all sides of life, and education was greatly affected. Medical education in Libya has constantly depended on the traditional classroom teaching method. These intense and impulsive changes in the education system may affect students and their prospective toward online classrooms. Hence, we aimed to study the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. Classes online with the use of the Telegram app were Studied. 299 participants (220 females and 79 males) from the first and second years of the Medical Faculty, University of Benghazi, contributed to the current study. The investigators employed data collection through a questionnaire during the study period from March to April of 2022. The outcomes of the present study showed that the applicants displayed highly positive attitudes toward using online learning during the COVID-19 period. On the other hand, the biggest difficulties that challenged students during online learning were the weakness of the internet connection and technical problems. In conclusion, learning online with both live classes and recorded videos can be included as a part of the curriculum for medical education, although it can never replace interactive face-to-face classroom learning or practical sessions.
Global Increase in Tropical Cyclone Rapid Slowdown Events in Offshore Regions
Authors: Wang Chao , zhong Jian , Wu Yuqin , Sun Yimei , Li Hongyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Rapid slowdown (RS) of tropical cyclone (TC) motion in offshore regions poses an increased threat to coastal populations and economies due to its unexcepted nature and prolonged exposure. However, the variations of global RS events in offshore regions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that, unlike open oceans where RS counts show no significant changes, offshore areas within 400 km of the coastline have experienced a fourfold increase in RS events from 1982 to 2023. Both the global sea surface temperature and Pacific decadal oscillation contribute to this trend, through producing favorable environmental conditions—namely reduced vertical wind shear and increased potential intensity. Climate model simulations suggest that global ocean warming has intensified these changes. Moreover, RS events are significantly correlated with the rapid intensification within the coastal regions. These findings underscore the increasing threat of RS in coastal regions over the recent decades, which may continue under a warming climate.
Moringa oleifera Lam.-Enriched Diet Boosts Serum Protein Levels Independently of Dietary Protein Intake
Authors: Patil Pradeep B. , Alduri Parimala , Purushottam Gudepu , Devarasetti Ashok , reddy Kumar , Deshmukh Swapnil , J Sreenivasa Rao , Qadri SSYH , Tulja B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves (MOL) have been a staple food source in India for centuries. Recent reports have highlighted their potential as immunomodulators, hepatoprotectants, and more. To verify these claims, we conducted a study aimed at shedding light on the nutritional benefits of MOL consumption. This six-week study employed an isocaloric and isonitrogenous feeding trial, using a pelleted diet with 20% protein, supplemented with either 2% or 4% MOL. Healthy adult male rats were subjected to a unique forced exercise regimen. We analyzed the biochemical parameters of 30 rats distributed across five groups. The results showed that the test groups had significantly lower levels of serum urea and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) compared to the control group. Total protein levels increased significantly (14–19%) in all test groups, with no significant difference in creatinine levels. This analysis concludes that administering MOL powder orally at doses of 2% and 4% is biochemically safe and exhibits liver-protective and nephroprotective properties. In conclusion, our study suggests that MOL powder can be safely incorporated into both human and animal diets in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the synergistic effect of exercise enhances these benefits. Notably, our unique model provides long-term results without altering animal behavior, making MOL a promising option for combating protein-energy malnutrition and malnutrition in India.
Integrative bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identify CHEK1 as an unfavorable prognostic biomarker related to immunosuppressive phenotypes in soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Rong Chao , Liu Yun , Xiang Fang , Zhao Xin , Zhang Jinjin , Xiao Zuorun , Wang Jinsha , Chen Lin , Guo Zhiqi , Zhang Ziyu , An Jingnan , Shen Jing , Hess Jochen , Yuan Xiaodong , Zhang Qiong , Wang Shouli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents one of the most common soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in children and adolescents. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a potent inhibitor of myogenic differentiation in RMS and plays a significant function in the tumour immune microenvironment. Currently, unsupervised tumor immune phenotype based on multi-omics expression profiling has been less studied. To reveal the tumour immune phenotype of STS and identify promising therapeutic targets, multi-omics expression profiling in 363 tumours across subtypes of STS was investigated. Here, we validated the TGFβ1 signal function in RMS myogenic differentiation and established a novel molecular classifier based on immune cell subsets related to TGFβ1 and Interferon-γ (IFNγ) to identify distinct immune phenotypes with higher or lower cytotoxic contents. Moreover, we compared multi-omics expression profiling across subgroups of RMS and STS to identify CHEK1 as an unfavourable prognostic biomarker related to immunosuppressive phenotypes. In situ analysis of independent validation cohorts addresses the correlation between CHEK1 and tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Collectively, our data validate the TGFβ1 signal function in RMS myogenic differentiation and establish a novel risk assessment strategy for RMS and STS patients. This work potentially improves risk assessment for STS patients and offers a new therapeutic strategy to increase antitumor immunity through the combined targeting of CHEK1 inhibition.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 prevents autism-like behaviors by reshaping the maternal and offspring microbiome
Authors: Yang Ruili , Xu Jinchun , Xu Yi , Huang Chengqing , Zhu Feng , Wang Tian , Kong Rui , Xiao Jie , Gu Xiaozhen , Wang Hui-Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

As a prevalent neurodevelopmental disease, whether ASD (autism spectrum disorder) can be ameliorated by the early use of a single microbe remains unknown. Here we report that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) prevented the occurrence of autism-like behaviors when administered exclusively to the pregnant mice, as evidenced by the improved behaviors and restored E/I balance in the prefrontal cortex of male pups. In parallel, the offspring microbiome was reshaped by LGR-1 treatment, mediated by the vertical transmission of maternal microbiome, with its roles validated by microbiota transplant and cross-fostering. In addition to gut commensals, the LGR-1-shaping vaginal microbiota also contributed to the establishment of “beneficial” microbiome. Regarding key taxa in offspring, Akkermansia muciniphila was influenced by LGR-1 and exerted effect on the ensuing behavior, through modulating immune pathways related to IL-17-producing cell population. In conclusion, a single microbe applied in utero protects offspring from autism-like behaviors via microbiome transmission, shedding light on the microbe-based avenue to mitigate the risk of ASD.
Monitoring changes in vitamin D levels during the COVID-19 pandemic with routinely-collected laboratory data
Authors: Grill Eva , Skapetze Lea , Koller Daniela , Zwergal Andreas , Feuerriegel Stefan , Rubinski Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Vitamin D is critical for bone health and immune function, but the COVID-19 pandemic,characterized by lockdowns and reduced outdoor activity, raised concerns about potential declines in vitamin D levels due to dietary changes and limited sunlight exposure. In this study, we analyzed routinely-collected laboratory data (N = 292,791 patients) from a large laboratory chain in Bavaria, Germany, to assess changes in vitamin D levels before (March 2018 to February 2020) and during (March 2020 to February 2022) the pandemic. Different statistical approaches (i.e., descriptive statistics, propensity score matching, and a causal forest) were used to evaluate confounder-adjusted changes in vitamin D levels and deficiency rates. Mean vitamin D levels decreased significantly from 26.7 µg/l pre-pandemic to 26.0 µg/l during the pandemic (p-value < 0.001), with a corresponding increase in deficiency rates from 31.3% to 35.2% (p-value < 0.001). Across all statistical approaches, the decline in mean levels and the increase in deficiency rates were particularly pronounced among elderly women. These findings highlight the importance of public health strategies to monitor and improve vitamin D status, especially during periods of restricted outdoor activity.
Overshooting convection drives winter mixed layer under Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Gayen Bishakhdatta , Bhadouriya Ankit , Garabato Alberto Naveira , Silvano Alessandro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Antarctic sea ice regulates atmosphere-ocean heat and gas exchanges by insulating the upper-ocean mixed layer. Simultaneously, winter sea ice formation intensifies ocean mixing and deepens the mixed layer, influencing further ice growth. Understanding this interaction is crucial for accurate Antarctic sea ice and climate predictions, yet winter observations remain scarce due to harsh conditions. Here, we use high-resolution state-of-the-art large eddy simulations to unravel the upper-ocean dynamics linking vertical heat flux to sea ice growth. Our results show that sea ice formation drives energetic meter-scale saline convective plumes that penetrate the pycnocline, overshoot their neutral depth, and rebound upward, entraining warm subsurface water, thereby moderating ice formation. A scaling theory is developed to estimate plume-induced turbulent heat flux and applied to an ice-ocean reanalysis dataset, revealing its large-scale impacts. Overshooting convection significantly limits Antarctic sea ice expansion and explains regional thickness variations, underscoring its importance for future climate projections.
Evolution of Critical Shear Stress in the Seabed of an Urbanized Estuary and Natural Estuary after the Passage of Hurricane Ian
Authors: Fugate David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Sediment transport and mixing in estuaries impact a number of ecosystem services, including the flux of nutrients and the mediation of turbidity of the water column, which in turn affects the health of seagrasses and other benthic primary producers. A key factor to predicting the direction and strength of sediment transport is the critical shear stress required to erode sediment from the bed. But the erodibility of fine sediments is poorly constrained because of the complicated interactions between grainsize, consolidation, and biological factors. This study assessed the evolution of critical shear stress and erodibility of the seabed in southwest Florida, USA after the intense disturbance of Hurricane Ian. We also compared how the evolution of the bed differed in a location that has had extensive development with a nearby but undeveloped bay with no anthropogenic development. Erodibility and critical shear stress were measured with Gust-type erosional chambers. Profiles of 7Be and Xradiographs were used to determine the extent of new sediment deposition and bioturbation. Hydrodynamics were measured with an acoustic doppler current profiler. Hurricane Ian initially eroded the seabed down to a consolidated layer with high critical shear stress (1-1.5 Pa) and low erodibility at both sites. In the subsequent months, new sediments were deposited and rapid bioadvection of the top 6 cm ensued. The shear stress was reduced (~0.25 Pa) and erodibility increased by the end of the study. Recovery was more rapid in the undeveloped site because the hydrodynamics were more energetic. Both sites returned to stability within one year of the passage of the storm.
Public health impact of COVID-19 vaccination and economic implications in Ghana and Benin: a mathematical modelling and cost-effectiveness study
Authors: Owusu Richmond , Dwomoh Duah , Asare Brian Adu , Aniwanou Bernard , Landry Kaucley , Adjagba Alex , Asfaw Elias , Nonvignon Justice 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has led to numerous cases and deaths globally. Ghana and Benin are two Africa countries which prioritized vaccination, introducing them as early as March 2021 alongside non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the epidemiological and socio-economic impact of COVID-19. This study quantified the impact of vaccination coverage on cases, deaths averted, hospital resources, and economic impacts compared to a scenario without vaccination.
Methods: This study adopted the COVID-19 International Modelling Consortium (CoMo) model to estimate COVID-19 transmission dynamics, disease burden, and the impact of vaccination scenarios accounting for NPIs at varying intensity. We assessed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination programs by estimating additional cases and deaths averted if no vaccines were distributed. We assumed a 78% vaccine efficacy and conducted sensitivity analyses by varying vaccination coverage targets above the 20% set by COVAX and 40% by WHO by the end of 2022. A cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana and Benin was conducted from societal and health system perspectives. Our analysis considered vaccination coverage target of 20% - 80%.
Results: Vaccinating approximately 40% of the population in Ghana and Benin, as recommended by WHO, would reduce the total predicted reported cases from 1.6% (95% CrI: 1.1, 1.9) to 0.7% (95% CrI: 0.6, 1.3) and avert additional 3585 (95% CrI: 1793-4066) and 33 COVID-19 deaths between April 2020 to December 2022. For reported+unreported cases, it would reduce from 35.3% (95% CrI: 20.5, 43.7) to 18.8% (95% CrI: 13, 33) in Ghana and from 1.5% (95% CrI: 0.4, 8.1) to 1.0% (95% CrI: 0.5, 15.3) in Benin. In both countries, at 40% vaccination coverage compared to no vaccination, vaccination is cost-effective from both health system and societal perspectives. Also, in Ghana vaccination up to 70% coverage is still cost-effective from the societal perspective. In Benin, any coverage beyond 40% of the population was not cost-effective.
Conclusion: Higher vaccine coverage alone, does not necessarily lead to greater health or economic benefits. The cost-effectiveness of increasing COVID-19 vaccine coverage is influenced by coverage rates, national context and scope of costs considered. Overall, vaccination is only cost-effective when it is done together with adherence to COVID-19 prevention guidelines, and that should be the priority of policymakers for the two countries.
Mortality Risk Factors in Invasive Candidiasis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Feng Qiangsheng , Ha Xiaoqin , Song Yuejuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a critical infection disease with high mortality caused by Candida spp., accurate clinical diagnosis for significant treatment and infection control challenges in critical care settings‌.
Method
This study evaluated IC inpatients diagnosed through mycological evidence over 12 months, Inclusion criteria required at least one positive mycological result including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and ascitic fluid, joint fluid, and pus.
Results
A total of 223 inpatients with IC, with a mortality rate was 46.2%, bloodstream infections (BSIs) were the most severe disease with mortality at 70.3%. Among 88 cases of BSIs, 77.3% were aerobic bottles with a culture mean time was 39.1 ± 26.7h(3 ~ 140h). Abdominal infection was the main source of infection at 46.6%, followed by catheter-related sources at 18.8%. Biomarkers for IC diagnosis value, with area under the curve (AUC) values for PCT was 0.827, when PCT ≥ 0.778 ug/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of 0.667 and 0.862,respectively.The IC 28-day survival rate was 0.640 ± 0.038 overall, compared to 0.499 ± 0.061 for BSIs patients. Multivariable regression analysis identified several significant factors associated with in-hospital mortality: PCT ≥ 0.778 ng/mL (OR 3.800, 95% CI1.995-7.237, p < 0.001), IL-6 ≥ 25.375 pg/mL (OR 3.667,95% CI, 1.372–9.795, p = 0.01), the BSIs (OR 4.431,95% CI 2.438–8.054, p < 0.001), and ICU admission (OR:2.351,95% CI, 1.269–4.356 p < 0.007).
Conclusion
IC is a serious infectious disease with high mortality and source mainly from abdominal infection, key risk factors for mortality include BSIs, ICU admission elevated PCT and IL-6.