bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic aberrations of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Yang Jilong , Du Xiaoling , Lazar Alexander J. F. , Pollock Raphael , Hunt Kelly , Chen Kexin , Hao Xishan , Trent Jonathan , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with mutations of the KIT or PDGFRA gene. In addition, other genetic events are believed to be involved in GIST tumorigenesis. Cytogenetic aberrations associated with these tumors thus far described include loss of 1p, 13q, 14q, or 15q, loss of heterozygosity of 22q, numeric chromosomal imbalances, and nuclear/mitochondrial microsatellite instability. Molecular genetic aberrations include loss of heterozygosity of p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF), methylation of p15(INK4B), homozygous loss of the Hox11L1 gene, and amplification of C‐MYC, MDM2, EGFR1, and CCND1. GISTs in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 appear to lack the KIT and PDGFRA mutations characteristic of GISTs and may have a different pathogenetic mechanism. Gene mutations of KIT or PDGFRA are critical in GISTs, because the aberrant versions not only are correlated with the specific cell morphology, histologic phenotype, metastasis, and prognosis, but also are the targets of therapy with imatinib and other agents. Furthermore, specific mutations in KIT and PDGFR appear to lead to differential drug sensitivity and may in the future guide selection of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases involves a signal transduction pathway whose components (mitogen‐activated protein kinase, AKT, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and RAS) are also possible targets of inhibition. A new paradigm of classification, integrating the standard clinical and pathological criteria with molecular aberrations, may permit personalized prognosis and treatment. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy as guidance for central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel , Park Chan II 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Occult lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be detected by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, but studies in larger patient cohorts undergoing complete central neck dissection may be required to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SLN. Therefore, the authors prospectively assessed the usefulness of SLN biopsy for the detection of central lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated PTC who had no suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy.METHODS.After peritumoral injection of methylene blue, SLN biopsy was performed in 50 patients with newly diagnosed PTC who had no palpable or ultrasound (US)‐detected lymph node involvement. After SLN biopsy, all patients underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative SLN sampling was calculated by comparison with the final pathologic diagnosis.RESULTS.SLNs were identified in 46 of 50 patients (92%); of these, 14 SLNs were positive and 32 SLNs were negative on intraoperative frozen sections. One patient had a positive SLN in the jugular region and subsequently underwent modified radical neck dissection. Final pathologic examination revealed that 18 patients (36%), including 4 who had negative SLNs, had central lymph node metastasis. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of SLN biopsy were 77.8%, 100%, 92%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Temporary and permanent hypocalcemia developed in 19 patients and 1 patient, respectively. There were no direct complications of SLN sampling.CONCLUSIONS.SLN biopsy in patients with PTC without gross clinical or US lymph node involvement was able to detect occult metastasis with high accuracy and may have the potential to select patients who require central neck dissection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Randomized phase 2 study of subcutaneous amifostine versus epoetin‐α given 3 times weekly during concurrent chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy for limited‐disease small cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Hye‐Suk , Han Ji‐Youn , Yu Sun Young , Pyo Hong Ryull , Kim Hyae Young , Cho Kwan Ho , Lee Dae Ho , Kim Heung Tae , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of amifostine and epoetin‐α in reducing severe toxicities during concurrent chemo‐hyperfractionated radiotherapy (CCRT) for limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD‐SCLC).METHODS.Seventy‐six patients with LD‐SCLC were enrolled. The treatment schedule was consisted of two 28‐day cycles of cisplatin at a dose of 30 mg/m2 (Days 1 and 8) and irinotecan at a dose of 60 mg/m2 (Days 1, 8, and 15) followed by two 21‐day cycles of cisplatin at a dose of 60 mg/m2 (Day 1) and etoposide at a dose of 100 mg/m2 (Days 1‐3) with concurrent twice‐daily thoracic radiotherapy for a total of 45 grays. Patients were randomly assigned at registration to either amifostine at a dose of 500 mg or epoetin‐α at a dose of 10,000 IU subcutaneously 3 times weekly (n = 36 patients and 40 patients, respectively). Fifteen of 36 patients assigned to the amifostine arm did not receive amifostine because of a lack of supply.RESULTS.Amifostine treatment was associated with higher febrile neutropenia (P = .003) and grade 2 or 3 nausea (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 3.0]) (P = .03). It also demonstrated a trend toward higher grade 4 leukopenia (P = .05). Grade 3 esophagitis was reported in 30% of patients treated with amifostine and 9% of patients treated with epoetin‐α (P = .059). Epoetin‐α treatment was associated with less grade 2 or 3 anemia (P = .031) and lower decreases in hemoglobin level during CCRT (P = .016). The median survival times for both treatment arms were comparable (22.6 months in the amifostine arm vs 25.6 months in the epoetin‐α arm; P = .447).CONCLUSIONS.Although amifostine administered 3 times weekly during CCRT did not significantly reduce severe toxicities, epoetin‐α was effective in preventing severe anemia during CCRT in patients with LD‐SCLC. Other radioprotective strategies to minimize severe toxicities should be investigated Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Characterizing the effect of seating arrangement on classroom learning using neural networks
Authors: Monterola C. , Roxas R. M. , Carreon‐Monterola S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA teaching technique modified from Mazur's peer instruction method is implemented to probe the transmission of information in a class composed of interacting students [Mazur. Peer Instruction: A User's Manual; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 1997; http://www.nip.upd.edu.ph/ipl/mem/homepages/cmonterola/index.html]. On the basis of actual experimentation, we demonstrate that a neural network is capable of accurately characterizing the performance of a class based on student seating location. For instance, when students with high aptitude level are situated at the outer four corners of a classroom, the collective performance of the class during student interaction opportunities fares better than in random, inner four, or middle arrangements. The method provides a quantifiable procedure for sectioning students if deliberate student–student interactions are incorporated in a lecture design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009.
Global biosecurity in a complex, dynamic world
Authors: Wilson Brenda A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBiosecurity is emerging as a major global health priority for which innovative and unprecedented solutions are needed. Biosecurity is a challenging biocomplexity problem involving multifaceted processes such as interactions between humans and nonhuman biota, anthropogenic environmental and ecological factors, and socioeconomic and political pressures. Key to an effective biosecurity strategy will be fundamental understanding of evolutionary, anthropogenic and environmental driving forces at play in transmission and perpetuation of infectious diseases. Biosecurity solutions will depend on increased support of basic biomedical research and public education, enhanced healthcare preparedness, alternative strategies for ensuringsafety, and improved interagency cooperation regarding global health policy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2008.
Analysis of the interaction between the retinal ON and OFF channels using CNN‐UM models
Authors: Wagner Róbert , Molnar Al , Werblin Frank S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractQuantitative retinal modeling is an important tool for analyzing the circuitry underlying the functional organization of the retina, and developing neuromorphic signal processing for retinal prostheses. The Cellular Neural Network (CNN) is a suitable tool for both purposes due to its structure. Using multilayer CNN models we analyzed two phenomena: First the signal distortion caused by nonlinear synapses and secondly the use of inhibitory interaction between ON and OFF channels. Our simulations show that the ON–OFF interaction can reduce the signal distortion caused by nonlinear synapses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel CD19 expression in a peripheral T cell lymphoma: A flow cytometry case report with morphologic correlation
Authors: Rizzo Kathryn , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Wilson Wyndham , Yuan Constance M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas are uncommon lymphomas that show T‐cell antigenic loss and clonal T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement. Rare cases of T‐cell lymphomas with aberrant expression of CD20 have been described. However, CD19 coexpression in a mature T‐cell neoplasm has not been reported.MethodsHistology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR for TCR gene rearrangement were performed on an excised lymph node specimen and a subsequent fine needle aspiration (FNA) of an additional lymph node. Flow cytometry (FC) was performed on FNA and peripheral blood specimen.ResultsThe lymph node's architecture was effaced by a diffuse atypical lymphoid proliferation that, by IHC, was positive for CD3, CD2, and CD43 and negative for CD4, CD5, CD8, TdT, CD1a, and B‐cell‐associated antigens PAX‐5, CD20, and CD79a. A clonal TCR gene rearrangement was detected. FC was performed on a subsequent FNA, and peripheral blood specimen demonstrated an aberrant T‐cell population with expression of CD2, CD3, CD27, TCR α/β, CD52, CD38, CD45, and CD26 (partial expression) and negative for CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD30, and CD56. The aberrant T‐cell population also expressed bright CD19.ConclusionsUsing FC, we describe the first case of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with aberrant coexpression of CD19. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitation of CD36 (platelet glycoprotein IV) expression on platelets and monocytes by flow cytometry: Application to the study of Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine M. , Dzik Walter H. , Dorn Michelle E. , Quagliaroli Robert O. , Xu Songyi , Ssewanyana Isaac , Nayyar Rakesh , Preffer Frederic I. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of CD36 (platelet glycoprotein IV) is variable among different individuals and cannot be determined by gene analysis. Previous studies suggest that CD36 expression plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, a disease of global significance.MethodsWe developed a flow cytometric method to quantitatively measure CD36 on monocytes and platelets from whole blood using antibodies to CD36, CD14, and CD61 directly conjugated to different fluorochromes. Commercially available fluorescent beads were used to quantify CD36 expression.ResultsThe assay was successfully run at three different centers. African‐Americans (n = 57), nonAfrican‐Americans (n = 33), individuals with and without hemoglobin S (n = 15 and n = 12), and children with P falciparum malaria (n = 97) were tested. Platelet‐monocyte aggregates, present to varying degrees in different anticoagulants, were eliminated from final analysis. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD36 among different subjects followed a log‐normal distribution. Among African‐Americans, 5% were CD36‐deficient (logMFI < 1.5; MFI < 32). Expression of platelet CD36 paralleled monocyte CD36.ConclusionsFlow cytometry can be used to quantify the expression of CD36 of platelets and monocytes in EDTA whole blood. The assay will allow investigation of the relationship between CD36 and clinical outcome in malaria and other disease states. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Where can social learning be improved in international river basin management in Europe?
Authors: Borowski Ilke , Pahl‐Wostl Claudia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn recent years, collaborative planning and processes of social learning (SL) have gained increasingly in interest in river basin management. In this paper, we first summarize the prerequisites for SL to take place in collaborative management processes. These are openness, gains and incentives, and a perceived pressure to learn. We then study the European situation subsequent to the introduction of the European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC; WFD) as an example. Based on an analysis of policy documents, a case study of the Elbe river basin and an elaboration of concepts related to theories of international regimes, we conclude that the conditions for SL are often not met if management processes are highly formalised. Considering SL that is necessary for innovation and change, this can best be supported through the establishment of parallel “learning processes”, such as the Common Implementation Strategy that accompanies implementation of the WFD at European level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Criteria for the assessment of processes for sustainable river basin management and their congruence with the EU Water Framework Directive
Authors: Hedelin Beatrice 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn order to manage the increasing pressure on the world's water resources, new planning methodologies/processes for sustainable river basin management are currently being developed. For such processes to work well, however, the legal context must allow, or support, such processes. In this study, a set of criteria relating to methodologies/processes for sustainable water management is used to assess the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The study suggests that the WFD erects few formal barriers to good planning practices. However, planning processes will need to be adapted to compensate for the weak legal support in a number of important areas, namely the use of knowledge from beyond the natural sciences, the use of methodologies for the explicit handling of values and the use of procedures for democratic participation. In so doing the issues identified here provide a basis for systematic thinking about how to design the necessary planning processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Nickel Complexes and Cobalt Coordination Polymers with Organochalcogen (S, Se) Ligands Bearing an N‐Methylimidazole Moiety: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Jia Wei‐Guo , Huang Yuan‐Biao , Lin Yue‐Jian , Wang Guo‐Liang , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe organochalcogen ligands (S, Se) derived from 3‐methylimidazole‐2‐thione/selone groups mbit (2a), mbis (2b), ebit (2c), and ebis (2d) [mbit = 1,1′‐methylenebis(1,3‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐imidazole‐2‐thione), mbis = 1,1′‐methylenebis(1,3‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐imidazole‐2‐selone), ebit = 1,1′‐(1,2‐ethanediyl)bis(1,3‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐thione), ebis = 1,1′‐(1,2‐ethanediyl)bis(1,3‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐selone)] were synthesized and characterized. Mononuclear NiII complexes NiBr2mbit (3a), NiBr2mbis (3b), NiBr2ebit (3c), and NiBr2ebis (3d) were obtained by the reactions of Ni(PPh3)2Br2 with 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, respectively. However, when the corresponding ligands 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d were treated with CoCl2 in thf solution CoII 1D coordination polymers (CoCl2mbit)n (4a), (CoCl2mbis)n (4b), (CoCl2ebit)n (4c), and (CoCl2ebis)n (4d) were obtained. All compounds were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, and 4c were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The local geometry around the nickel atom in complexes 3a–c was distorted tetrahedron with coordinated S(Se) and two Br atoms, and the organochalcogen ligands form an eight‐ or a nine‐membered ring with the nickel atom included. The cobalt atom coordination polymers 4a and 4b coexist as left‐handed and right‐handed helical chains, but 4c formed a zigzag chain with a CH3CN solvent molecule taken up in the channel structure. After activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the nickel complexes exhibited high activities for addition polymerization of norbornene (1.42 × 108 g PNBmol–1 Nih–1 for 3a). The effects of the Al/Ni ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time to norbornene polymerization were also investigated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Tocopherol retention in physically refined rapeseed oil as a function of deodorization temperature
Authors: Čmolík Jiří , Pokorný Jan , Réblová Zuzana , Svoboda Zdeněk 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of deodorization temperature (between 220 and 270 °C) on tocopherol retention in physically refined rapeseed oil during deodorization in a plant‐scale semi‐continuous tray‐type deodorizer was investigated. Among the three tocopherol homologues detected in the samples of rapeseed oils under study, the α‐ and γ‐tocopherol homologues, with the latter predominating, constituted the most abundant part of total tocopherols, accompanied by a small amount of δ‐tocopherol. The retention values calculated for both total and individual tocopherols decreased linearly with increasing deodorization temperature. The retention of total tocopherols decreased considerably from 91.5% at 220 °C to 54.7% at 270 °C, approaching a value of about 80% in the main area of concern between 230 and 240 °C. The retention values of individual tocopherols as well as the slopes resulting from the equations relating these retentions to deodorization temperature were observed to decrease in the same order as their molecular weights. Since the retention of α‐tocopherol is slightly higher than that of γ‐tocopherol, the average proportion of α‐tocopherol during deodorization slightly increases at the expense of γ‐tocopherol.
Virgin sunflower oil
Authors: Raß Michael , Schein Christian , Matthäus Bertrand 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSunflower oil is the second most important virgin oil in Europe but, from the nutritional point of view, the assessment of this oil has become increasingly poorer over the last few years because of the high amount of linoleic acid in traditional sunflower seeds. Today sunflower oil with a high oleic acid content is coming more into the focus of interest since the fatty acid composition is more comparable to rapeseed and olive oil. Another important aspect is that the high content of oleic acid results in a high oxidative stability, making this oil interesting for a wide range of applications. A special challenge is the production of high‐quality tasty virgin sunflower oil because, in contrast to other raw materials, about 30% of sunflower seeds consist of hulls that are covered by waxes. During oil processing these waxes are co‐extracted with the oil, resulting in undesired turbidity of the oil on storage. Pressing of the raw material is done in a screw press or expeller and results in residue fat contents between 7 and 15% depending on the pressing conditions. We discuss two possibilities to avoid or to remove waxes by dehulling of the seeds or winterisation of the resulting oil. Dehulling is carried out by an impact dehuller with removal of the hulls by airflow and gravity. Removal of hulls before pressing improves the sensory quality of the oil because it results in products with a mild sunflower seed‐like nutty taste, while oils from whole seeds often have a woody and bitter taste. In addition, the development of heat during pressing is reduced if dehulled seeds are used for oil production. Conventional sunflower seeds are processed mainly in big oil mills, whereas in small and medium‐sized facilities organic raw material is in use.
Perfluoroalkylation through Cross‐Metathesis between Alkenes and (Perfluoroalkyl)propenes
Authors: Eignerová Barbara , Dračínský Martin , Kotora Martin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new approach to perfluoroalkylated compounds based on cross‐metathesis between perfluoropropenes and terminal alkenes has been developed. The reaction is catalysed with high efficiency and selectivity by the Hoveyda–Grubbs second‐generation catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The method is applicable to a wide range of compounds, such as vinylaromatics, isoprenoids and saccharides.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Evaluation of an Intramolecular Approach for the Synthesis of the Elusive C58N2 Heterofullerene Family (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 24/2008)
Authors: von Delius Max , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the synthetic pathway for the substitution of two carbon atoms of the fullerene C60 framework with two nitrogen atoms, bringing the new heterofullerene football C58N2 into play. The easily accessible (C59N)2 is used as a starting material for a tether‐based functionalization sequence leading to a direct C58N2 precursor. The chemical transformation of this precursor molecule under the same conditions used for the introduction of one nitrogen atom leads to a reaction product that, according to FAB mass spectroscopic analysis, contains up to 20 % of a C58N2 species. This represents the first strategic chemical synthesis of the C58N2 cage. Details are discussed in the article by A. Hirsch et al. on p. 4109 ff. The authors acknowledge the support of this work by Dipl. Chem. Benjamin Gebhardt, who designed the cover page.
Leaching behavior and immobilization of heavy metals in zinc leach residue before and after thermal treatment
Authors: Demır Gönül , Çoruh Semra , Ergun Osman Nuri 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the metal leaching behavior of the hazardous waste of zinc industry before and after thermal treatment. Samples were subjected to the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) and ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) methods. The results of TCLP and ASTM leaching methods demonstrate that addition of clinoptilolite, blast furnace slag, and red mud to the zinc leach residue reduces the heavy metal content in the effluent and the red mud performs better than clinoptilolite and blast furnace slag. The leaching tests showed that the content of some elements in the waste before thermal treatment exceeded the regulatory limits and cannot be disposed of in the present form. Metal releases decreased at higher temperatures from 600°C and 800°C and reached to minimum levels at 1200°C because of heat‐induced formation of a glassy matrix. The levels of Zn2+ released for 1200°C was 0.025 mmol/L. Therefore, a stabilization or inertization treatment is necessary prior to disposal. Thermal treatment can be an acceptable method for disposal of zinc leach residue. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008