bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental occlusal wear and degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint: a correlational study utilizing skeletal material from a contemporary population
Authors: EVERSOLE L. R. , PAPPAS J. R. , GRAHAM R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryForty crania and mandibles with intact dentition exceeding twenty‐six teeth and bilaterally intact condyle‐fossa apparatus were evaluated for attrition and degenerative joint disease. The skeletal specimens all represent a twentieth‐century contemporary American population from the Atkinson Skull Collection at the University of the Pacific School of Dentistry. While 23.1% of this sample exhibited some degree of erosive osseous degenerative wear involving the condyle or articular fossa and 76.3% exhibited occlusal tooth wear, no significant correlation between the degree of attrition and the severity of degenerative joint disease could be documented.
Maternal alcohol and coffee drinking, parental smoking and childhood leukaemia: a French population‐based case–control study
Authors: Menegaux Florence , Ripert Mahaut , Hémon Denis , Clavel Jacqueline 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe investigated the role of maternal alcohol and coffee drinking during pregnancy and that of parental smoking in the aetiology of childhood leukaemia. A French, population‐based, case–control study was conducted, comparing 472 [407 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 62 acute myeloblastic leukaemia] cases of childhood acute leukaemia (AL) and 567 population controls, frequency‐matched with cases on age, gender and region of residence. Both case and control mothers filled in a comprehensive self‐administered standardised questionnaire, eliciting detailed data on maternal alcohol and coffee consumption during pregnancy and parental smoking before, during and after pregnancy.Maternal alcohol consumption of more than 1 drink per day was related to ALL (OR = 2.8 [95% CI 1.8, 5.9]). While maternal coffee consumption was not significantly related to AL (OR = 1.4 [95% CI 0.9, 2.3]), highest intake of coffee (more than 3 cups per day) during pregnancy was associated with AL in children whose mothers were non‐smokers (OR = 1.9 [95% CI 1.0, 3.5]). No association with parental smoking, either maternal or paternal, was observed with AL.The present results suggest a possible role of the highest consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy in the aetiology of childhood AL.
Gastrointestinal malformations: impact of prenatal diagnosis on gestational age at birth
Authors: Garne Ester , Loane Maria , Dolk Helen ,   a EUROCAT Working Group
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of the study was to analyse the degree to which gestational age (GA) has been shortened due to prenatal diagnosis of gastrointestinal malformations (GIM). The data source for the study was 14 population‐based registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT). All liveborn infants with GIMs and without chromosomal anomalies, born 1997–2002, were included. The 14 registries identified 1047 liveborn infants with one or more GIMs (oesophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, omphalocele, gastroschisis and diaphragmatic hernia). Median GA at birth was lower in prenatally diagnosed cases for all five malformations, although not statistically significant for gastroschisis. There was little difference in median birthweight by GA for the pre‐ and postnatally diagnosed infants.The difference in GA at birth between prenatally and postnatally diagnosed infants with GIMs is enough to increase the risk of mortality for the prenatally diagnosed infants. Clinicians need to balance the risk of early delivery against the benefits of clinical convenience when making case management decisions after prenatal diagnosis. Very few studies have been able to show benefits of prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations for liveborn infants. This may be because the benefits of prenatal diagnosis are outweighed by the problems arising from a lower GA at birth.
The combined effect of employment status and transcultural marriage on breast feeding: a population‐based survey in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Chao‐Hua , Chang Pei‐Jen , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Guo Yueliang Leon , Lin Shu‐Hui , Lin Shio‐Jean , Chen Pau‐Chung 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn recent decades there has been a marked rise in both the labour market participation of women with infants and transcultural marriage in Taiwan. The objectives of this study were to explore the combined effect of employment status and transcultural marriage on the prevalence and factors relating to initiation and continuation of breast feeding in Taiwan. We used multistage stratified systematic sampling to recruit 2048 postpartum women from the Taiwan National Birth Registration database for the period November to December 2003. They were interviewed at home within 6 months of delivery using a structured questionnaire; 87% of the sampled population completed the interview. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of breast‐feeding initiation and Cox regression (survival) analysis to predict continued breast feeding.The prevalences of initial breast feeding for employed Taiwanese mothers, unemployed Taiwanese mothers, employed foreign‐born mothers and unemployed foreign‐born mothers were 84.4%, 83.7%, 79.1% and 79.7%, respectively. Among the four groups of mothers who initiated breast feeding, 12.9%, 27.2%, 14.7% and 39.7% of their infants, respectively, were still breast feeding at the age of 6 months. Factors associated with initiation of breast feeding were high maternal education (OR 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81, 7.98) and normal spontaneous delivery (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.04, 1.78). The main reason for not breast feeding in 52% of the mothers was insufficient or no milk. There existed a combined effect of employment status and transcultural marriage on the continuation of breast feeding. Employed Taiwanese mothers were earlier than others at weaning. Unemployed foreign‐born mothers breast fed the longest [hazard ratio (HR) 0.54; 95% CI 0.42, 0.70]. Other factors related to late weaning were high maternal education (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47, 0.96), older maternal age (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.61, 0.94), mother sleeping with baby at night (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.59, 0.78), and no supplemental baby food before the age of 6 months (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.68, 0.90).The initiation of breast feeding was high but it decreased dramatically after the postpartum period in Taiwan. There was a significant combined effect of employment status and transcultural marriage on the continuation of breast feeding. Employment is a persistent barrier to continued breast feeding.
A role for the AtMTP11 gene of Arabidopsis in manganese transport and tolerance
Authors: Delhaize Emmanuel , Gruber Benjamin D. , Pittman Jon K. , White Rosemary G. , Leung Helen , Miao Yansong , Jiang Liwen , Ryan Peter R. , Richardson Alan E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Arabidopsis AtMTP family of genes encode proteins of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, with several members having roles in metal tolerances. Four of the 11 proteins in the family form a distinct cluster on a phylogenetic tree and are closely related to ShMTP8, a CDF identified in the tropical legume Stylosanthes hamata that is implicated in the transport of Mn2+ into the vacuole as a tolerance mechanism. Of these four genes, AtMTP11 was the most highly expressed member of the Arabidopsis subgroup. When AtMTP11 was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it conferred Mn2+ tolerance and transported Mn2+ by a proton‐antiport mechanism. A mutant of Arabidopsis with a disrupted AtMTP11 gene (mtp11) was found to have increased sensitivity to Mn2+ but not to Cu2+ or Zn2+. At a non‐toxic but sufficient Mn2+ supply (basal), the mutant accumulated more Mn2+ than the wild type, but did not show any obvious deleterious effects on growth. When grown with Mn2+ supplies that ranged from basal to toxic, the mutant accumulated Mn2+ concentrations in shoots similar to those in wild‐type plants, despite showing symptoms of Mn2+ toxicity. AtMTP11 fused to green fluorescent protein co‐localized with a reporter specific for pre‐vacuolar compartments. These findings provide evidence for Mn2+‐specific transport activity by AtMTP11, and implicate the pre‐vacuolar compartments in both Mn2+ tolerance and Mn2+ homeostasis mechanisms of Arabidopsis.
CyMATE: a new tool for methylation analysis of plant genomic DNA after bisulphite sequencing
Authors: Hetzl Jennifer , Foerster Andrea M. , Raidl Günther , Scheid Ortrun Mittelsten 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCytosine methylation is a hallmark of epigenetic information in the DNA of many fungi, vertebrates and plants. The technique of bisulphite genomic sequencing reveals the methylation state of every individual cytosine in a sequence, and thereby provides high‐resolution data on epigenetic diversity; however, the manual evaluation and documentation of large amounts of data is laborious and error‐prone. While some software is available for facilitating the analysis of mammalian DNA methylation, which is found nearly exclusively at CG sites, there is no software optimally suited for data from DNA with significant non‐CG methylation. We describe CyMATE (Cytosine Methylation Analysis Tool for Everyone) for in silico analysis of DNA sequences after bisulphite conversion of plant DNA, in which methylation is more divergent with respect to sequence context and biological relevance. From aligned sequences, CyMATE includes and distinguishes methylation at CG, CHG and CHH (where H = A, C or T), and can extract both quantitative and qualitative data regarding general and pattern‐specific methylation per sequence and per position, i.e. data for individual sites in a sequence and the epigenetic divergence within a sample. In addition, it can provide graphical output from alignments in either an overview or a ‘zoom‐in’ view as pdf files. Detailed information, including a quality control of the sequencing data, is provided in text format. We applied CyMATE to the analysis of DNA methylation at transcriptionally silenced promoters in diploid and polyploid Arabidopsis and found significant hypermethylation, high stability of the methylated state independent of chromosome number, and non‐redundant patterns of mC distribution. CyMATE is freely available for non‐commercial use at http://www.gmi.oeaw.ac.at/CyMATE.
TECHNICAL NOTES ON CPP: Place conditioning in a two‐ or three‐conditioning compartment apparatus: a comparative study with morphine and U‐50,488
Authors: Morales Lidia , Perez‐Garcia Carmen , Herradon Gonzalo , Alguacil Luis F. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWe have comparatively studied the effects of two opioids in the rat place conditioning paradigm in identical experimental conditions (including double drug/saline conditioning daily sessions for 3 days), with the only exception of using either a two‐ or three‐conditioning compartment apparatus. Morphine‐induced place preference appeared to be similar with two‐ and three‐conditioning compartments, but U‐50,488‐induced place aversion was consistently more prominent when a two‐conditioning compartment apparatus was used. It is suggested that, when the results of conditioning are being tested, the presence of neutral environments decreases the sensitivity of the procedure to quantify place aversions.
Photosynthese, Transpiration und Spaltöffnungsverhalten verschiedener Holzarten nach Begasung mit SO2
Authors: Von Brenninger Christl , Tranquillini W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhotosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal response of various species of woody plants exposed to sulfur dioxide. Photosynthesis of Fraxinus excelsior, Piceaabies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris declined after 6 and 12 h of fumigation at SO2 concentrations of 5 and 9mg m−3. Transpiration also declined, but the maximum depression was only 38%. Stomata began to close after fumigation with ∼ 1 mg SO2m−3 for 6 h. The diffusion resistance of needles of Pices and Abies increased after fumigation with 9 mg SO2 for 6h to a peak value of 35–40 scm−1 and decreased rapidly (Picea) or remained stable (Abies) during the following 30h.
Characterization and identification of mycorrhizas of Douglas fir in New Zealand
Authors: Chu‐Chou Myra , Grace LynetteJ. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThirteen types of natural Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) mycorrhizas were characterized and nine of them were identified as P. menziesii + Rhizopogon sp., P. menziesii + R. vinicolor, P. menziesii + Hebeloma crustuliniforme, P. menziesii + Amanita muscaria, P. menziesii + Endogone flammicorona, P. menziesii + Boletus sp., P. menziesii + Laccaria laccata, P. menziesii + Thelephora terrestris and P. menziesii+Tuber sp.
Die natürliche Astreinigung und ihre biologischen Voraussetzungen
Authors: Von Butin H. , Kowalski T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe natural pruning of branches and their biological preconditioning I. The fungal flora of beech (Fagus sylvatica). The paper deals with the species of fungi, on the basal part of dead branches of beech, associated with the natural pruning of these branches. Most of the species are Ascomycetes or Deuteromycetes.
Effect of a fluorescent brightener on the germinative power of basidiospores of Cronartium flaccidum
Authors: Ragazzi A. , Fedi IreneDellavelle 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effect of the fluorescent brightener Calcofluor (derivative of di‐amine stilbene sulfonic acid) on the germination of basidiospores of Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint. was tested by sowing spores on pine needles and then brightening them, and by labelling directly basidiospores on Calcofluor solution and subsequently sowing them on water agar.The first method enhanced germination most. It is recommended that 0.05% brightener in distilled water be used to maximise germination in pre‐infection studies for resistance at the needle level.
Rickettsia‐like organisms in Cryptococcus fagisuga on beech
Authors: Parameswaran N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe occurrence and fine structural characteristics of rickettsia‐like organisms in the body of the beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, are described; these are related to endosymbionts. A search for the presence of mycoplasma‐like organisms in this insect yielded negative results.
Ultrastructural study of the pathogenesis of Marssonina species to poplars
Authors: Spiers A. G. , Hopcroft D. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies on the pathogenesis of Marssonina brunnea, M. castagnei and M. populi to susceptible poplars showed that germtubes penetrated poplar leaves directly by enzymatic activity and indirectly through stomata. Six days following inoculation, hyphae had ramified throughout palisade and mesophyll tissues causing penetrated cells to become moribund. Acervuli were formed within seven days of inoculation and conidia were released by rupture of the cuticle and upper epidermal wall.
A tree‐ring study of Norway spruce infected with the wood‐destroying fungus Armillaria mellea
Authors: Hřib J. , Kyncl J. , ČErný A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA stand otPicea abies (L.) Karst. was studied using the method of tree‐ring analysis. The stand involved non‐infected trees and trees at different stages of infection by the wood‐destroying fungus Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Kummer [Armillariella mellea (Vahl.) Karst.].
An investigation of conditions occurring within pruning wounds
Authors: Mercer P. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe electrical resistance at various points within pruning wounds was measured, over periods of up to two years, using a pulsed electric current resistance meter (Shigometer). Wood with stain and decay generally had a lower electrical resistance than healthy wood. Mathematical and visual models were constructed from measurements of electrical resistance and examination of dissected wounds. These models were used to relate the extent of stain and/or decay with the diameter of the wound, length of the wound stub, time after pruning and with wound treatment.
Survival of the oak wilt fungus in air‐dried lumber
Authors: Tainter F. H. , MacDonald W. L. , Harner E. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe survival of the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt, in air‐dried red, white, and scarlet oak lumber was studied in South Carolina and West Virginia. The position of boards in the piles did not have a significant effect on culture recovery of C. fagacearum. The fungus was not recovered after the initial sample at set‐up time in the summer harvested oaks in South Carolina nor beyond 28 days in West Virginia. In autumn harvested material recoverability was slightly longer, 28 days in South Carolina with one positive recovery at 70 days, and much longer in West Virginia with some recovery of C. fagacearum occurring at 140 days. Recovery of C. fagacearum from white oak at both locations was generally much lower than from red or scarlet oak during any given sample period.
Effects of SO2 on photosynthesis and peroxidase activity in Scots pine needles
Authors: Katainen H.‐S. , Karjalainen R. , Mäkinen E. , Jokinen J. , Kellomäki S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractShort‐term exposure to high concentrations of SO2 caused a temporary decrease in the photosynthetic rate, while both short‐term and long‐term exposure to low concentrations of SO2 increased photo‐synthesis after the exposure. Low SO2 concentrations did not cause any change in peroxidase activity. Thus peroxidase activity does not seem a suitable method in monitoring latent injury caused by low SO2 concentrations.
Bark phenolics of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in relation to the beech bark disease1
Authors: Ostrofsky W. D. , Shortle W. C. , Blanchard R. O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe amount of total extractable phenols was determined for bark sections obtained from behind cankers naturally induced by Nectria coccinea var. faginata and from behind mechanically inflicted wounds on stems of American beech. Healthy bark from susceptible trees was found to contain a similar level of phenolics as bark from trees determined to be resistant to the beech bark disease. Six months after wounding, wound‐altered bark from susceptible trees was found to be lower in phenols than woundaltered bark from resistant trees. Inoculation of wounds with N. coccinea var. faginata resulted in decreased phenolic levels in bark sections nearest the wound surface, and increased phenolic levels in sections nearest the vascular cambium, several mm distant. Phenolic levels in injured or infected bark appear to follow similar patterns as those resulting from injury or infection of xylem tissues.
Responses of endomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants of Acer pseudoplatanus to different levels of soluble and non‐soluble phosphorus
Authors: Brechet C. , le Tacon F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA greenhouse experiment compared growth and mineral nutrition of mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal seedlings of Acer pseudoplatanus on a fumigated soil. The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation were examined at six rales of soluble phosphate and five rates of non‐soluble phosphate. Inoculation with Glomus mosseae markedly stimulated phosphorus uptake and growth only at the lowest level of soluble phosphorus. With 200 ppm of added monocalcium phosphate mycorrhizal infection depressed growth and considerably modified the relationships between yield and phosphorus concentration in plant tissues. The possible causes of growth depression at high level of added soluble phosphorus are discussed.
The mode of infection and early stages of colonization of pines by Gremmeniella abietina
Authors: Patton R. F. , Spear R. N. , Blenis P. V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGremmeniella abietinainfects shoots of red and Scots pines through stomata on bracts that subtend short shoots. The germ tube penetrates between guard cells and sparsely colonizes bract tissue by late summer or fall. Only after about late January or early February of the following year does the fungus extend from the bract and begin colonization of the short shoot and surrounding cortical tissue.
Les activites pectinasiques de Nectria ditissima Tul. agent du chancre du hêtre
Authors: Perrin R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Pectinasc activities of Nectria ditissima Tul. cause of the Beech canker. In vitro, Nectria ditissima is capable of secreting pectinases necessary for degradation of pectic material of the cell wall. Some pectinascs, ENDOPG, EXOPG and EXOPMG, play a prominent part in degradation of the bark in vivo, their primary participation being affected by the conditions of the bark environment, especially pH. The virulence of four pathogenically different strains of N. ditissima is partly correlated with their ability to produce the pectinace essential for alteration of the bark in vitro.
Influence of leaf age, leaf surface and frequency of stomata on the susceptibility of poplar cultivars to Marssonina brunnea
Authors: Spiers G. , Hopcroit D. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLeaf age was a significant (P < 0.05) factor in the resistance of poplar cultivars to M. brunnea. Leaf surface (adaxial/abaxial) was not a significant factor for P. nigra, P. deltoides and P. ×euramericana but was for several miscellaneous cultivars. There was no significant correlation between stomatal frequency and M., brnnnca infection level. Ultrastructural studies showed hyphae penetrated cell walls ot soft expanding leaves more readily than cell walls of mature leaves. The higher resistance of mature leaves was thus attributed to differences in cell wall ultrastructure. Differential resistance of the two leaf surfaces of mature leaves of P. candicans was attributed to the strong cutinisation of the epidermal cell wall of the highly resistant adaxial surface.
Two new diseases of forest tree seedlings caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in India1
Authors: Sankaran K. V. , Florence E. J. Maria , Sharma J. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCollar rot of Swietenia macrophylla and leaf blight of Pterocarpus santalinus caused by Sclerotium rolfsii are reported for the first time from India. KFRI Scientific Paper No. 40
The influence of SO2 on CO2 uptake and peroxidase activity
Authors: Keller Th. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study confirms that CO2 uptake of European conifers increases during needle maturation. Extensive investigations with grafts of several species show that this increase may even mask a deleterious effect of a weak SO2 stress. In plants which are not dependent on air‐borne SO2 for S nutrition CO2 uptake was not favored by SO2. Peroxidase activity of tree foliage may be a valuable stress indication, particularly in areas with light air pollution. It is, however, not specific for air pollution and seems to be most suitable for “active” monitoring.
La variabilité du pouvoir pathogène de Nectria ditissima agent du chancre du hêtre
Authors: Perrin Par R. , van Grewen C. P. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Variability in the pathogcnicity of Nectria ditissima Tul. cause of beech canker. Four mycelial strains of Nectria ditissima Tul. were inoculated into young beeches of two different provenances. The size of bark necrosis was assessed monthly from December to June. The strains can be separated into three groups of aggressiveness according to the size of the necrosis, its persistence and also the hormonal disturbances resulting from pathogenesis.The results reported here suggest a differential interaction between N. ditissima and its host Fagus sylvatica.