bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth kinetics of CdSe nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles using bis(trimethylsilyl) selenium precursor
Authors: Emin Saim , Dushkin Ceco , Nakabayashi Seiichiro , Adachi Eiki 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We first focus on the kinetics of nanoparticle growth in a microemulsion synthesis of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals. The process consists of a fast initial stage of typical time constant of the order of 103 s followed by a slow stage of time constant of the order of 104s. Growth proceeds similarly to that described for the hot-matrix synthesis of CdSe, underlining the generality of the two-stage growth mechanism, irrespective of the matrix type and synthesis conditions. However, the time constant of each stage in the microemulsion synthesis is much larger than in the hot-matrix one. Also, the ratio between the fast and slow time constant is appreciably bigger. We also prove that larger size reverse micelles, obtained by increasing the water:surfactant ratio, generally lead to larger CdSe nanoparticles. Bis(trimethylsilyl) selenium is the crucial precursor for the CdSe nanoparticle synthesis. An intermediate stage of the chemical reaction limiting the bis(trimethylsilyl) selenium production is described theoretically.
Racial and Ethnic Concordance Between National Health Service Corps Clinicians and Underserved Populations
Authors: Baker Olesya , Horvitz-Lennon Marcela , Yu Hao 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDespite the widely recognized importance of racial and ethnic concordance between patients and clinicians, there is a lack of studies on clinician diversity in medically underserved areas and whether it aligns with the changing demographic landscape.ObjectiveTo assess trends in National Health Services Corps (NHSC) clinician diversity and racial and ethnic concordance between NHSC clinicians and the populations in underserved areas from before to after the 2009 NHSC expansion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, population-based study compared trends in the diversity of NHSC clinicians practicing in health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) and the HPSA populations during 2003 to 2019 using the Health Resources and Services Administration’s NHSC Field Strength Database and Area Health Resources Files. The analysis was performed from February through May 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresConcordance was measured with an annual community representativeness ratio defined as the ratio of the proportions of same race or ethnicity NHSC clinicians to HPSA population.ResultsThere were a total of 41 180 clinicians practicing in HPSAs from 2003 to 2019; the median (IQR) age was 34 (30-41) years. Among 38 569 NHSC clinicians who reported gender, 28 444 (73.7%) identified as female and 10 125 (26.3%) identified as male. The average annual number of NHSC clinicians increased from 3357 in 2003 to 2008 to 9592 in 2009 to 2019. Before 2009, 1076 clinicians (5.3%) identified as Black, 9780 (48.6%) as Hispanic, 908 (4.5%) as other, and 8380 (41.6%) as White. During this period, concordance was low among non-Hispanic White and Black individuals due to clinician underrepresentation relative to the population, yet Hispanic clinicians were overrepresented. Following the 2009 NHSC expansion, the main change was the sharp decline in the proportion of Hispanic clinicians, to 1601 (13%) by 2019; while concordance was achieved for non-Hispanic White and Black individuals, Hispanic clinicians became underrepresented relative to population. The results held across 3 specialties: primary care, mental health care, and dental care.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of trends in racial and ethnic concordance found that while the NHSC expansion starting in 2009 improved clinician-population concordance for non-Hispanic White and Black individuals, it reversed a prior trend for Hispanic individuals among whom clinicians became underrepresented relative to the population. Targeted NHSC clinician recruitment efforts are needed to improve concordance for Hispanic individuals in underserved areas, especially given Hispanics’ projected growth in the US.
Sample Preparation for X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Marguí Eva , Queralt Ignasi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The article presents a complete review of different sample preparation methodologies prior to analysis by
X‐ray spectrometry
(
XRS
) and the basics of classical preparation for
X‐ray fluorescence
(
XRF
) analysis as well as new methods of preparation, with emphasis on recent applications.
Realizing Ultrahigh Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type PbSe Through Lattice Planification and Introducing Liquid‐Like Cu Ions
Authors: Pang Huimei , Qin Yongxin , Qin Bingchao , Yu Lingxiao , Su Xianli , Liang Hao , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Cao Qian , Tan Qing , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe coupling relationship between electrical and thermal transports makes it rather challenging to enhance thermoelectric performance. Here, electrical and thermal transports are successfully decoupled to realize high performance in n‐type PbSe by utilizing a stepwise strategy. First, the PbSe lattice is plained with extra Pb to compensate for the intrinsic Pb vacancies, which can weaken defect scattering and improve carrier mobility to ≈1230 cm2 V−1 s−1. The room‐temperature power factor triples and reaches ≈32 µW cm−1 K−2, and ZT is significantly enhanced to ≈0.6 in Pb1.006Se. Subsequently, liquid‐like interstitial Cu ions are introduced to inhibit heat conduction without damaging electrical transport. While maintaining a high power factor of ≈25 µW cm−1 K−2, Cu ions strongly suppress phonon transport at high temperature, leading to an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.28 W m−1 K−1 in Pb1.006Cu0.006Se, only 30% of the Cu‐free PbSe. Eventually, a remarkable peak ZT of ≈1.8 at 773 K is achieved along with a high average ZT of ≈1.1 from 300 to 823 K in Pb1.006Cu0.006Se. An outstanding experimental conversion efficiency of ≈7.1% is obtained in the single‐leg device, demonstrating great potential for PbSe as low‐ to mid‐temperature thermoelectrics.
Engineered hsa‐miR‐455‐3p‐Abundant Extracellular Vesicles Derived from 3D‐Cultured Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue‐Engineering Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Chen Jian‐Guo , Zhang En‐Chong , Wan Ying‐Ying , Huang Tian‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Chen , Jiang Hai‐Yue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEfforts are made to enhance the inherent potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by utilizing 3D culture platforms and engineered strategies for functional cargo‐loading. Three distinct types of adipose mesenchymal stem cells‐derived EVs (ADSCs‐EVs) are successfully isolated utilizing 3D culture platforms consisting of porous gelatin methacryloyl (PG), PG combined with sericin methacryloyl (PG/SerMA), or PG combined with chondroitin sulfate methacryloyl (PG/ChSMA). These correspond to PG‐EVs, PG/SerMA‐EVs, and PG/ChSMA‐EVs, respectively. Unique microRNA (miRNA) profiles are observed in each type of ADSCs‐EVs. Notably, PG‐EVs encapsulate higher levels of hsa‐miR‐455‐3p and deliver more hsa‐miR‐455‐3p to chondrocytes, which results in the activation of the hsa‐miR‐455‐3p/PAK2/Smad2/3 axis and the subsequent hyaline cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, the functionality of PG‐EVs is optimized through engineered strategies, including agomir/lentivirus transfection, electroporation, and Exo‐Fect transfection. These strategies, referred to as Agomir‐EVs, Lentivirus‐EVs, Electroporation‐EVs, and Exo‐Fect‐EVs, respectively, are ranked based on their efficacy in encapsulating hsa‐miR‐455‐3p, delivering hsa‐miR‐455‐3p to chondrocytes, and promoting cartilage formation via the hsa‐miR‐455‐3p/PAK2/Smad2/3 axis. Notably, Exo‐Fect‐EVs exhibit the highest efficiency. Collectively, the 3D culture conditions and engineered strategies have an impact on the miRNA profiles and cartilage regeneration capabilities of ADSCs‐EVs. The findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the promotion of cartilage regeneration by ADSCs‐EVs.
Achieving Environmentally‐Adaptive and Multifunctional Hydrodynamic Metamaterials through Active Control
Authors: Jiang Chaoran , Nie Haoran , Chen Mengyao , Shen Xiangying , Xu Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs hydrodynamic metamaterials continue to develop, the inherent limitations of passive‐mode metamaterials become increasingly apparent. First, passive devices are typically designed for specific environments and lack the adaptability to environmental changes. Second, their unique functions often rely on intricate structures, or challenging material properties, or a combination of both. These limitations considerably hinder the potential applications of hydrodynamic metamaterials. In this study, an active‐mode hydrodynamic metamaterial is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by incorporating source‐and‐sink flow‐dipoles into the system, enabling active manipulation of the flow field with various functionalities. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of the flow‐dipole moment, this device can easily achieve invisibility, flow shielding, and flow enhancing. Furthermore, it is environmentally adaptive and can maintain proper functions in different environments. It is anticipated that this design will significantly enhance tunability and adaptability of hydrodynamic metamaterials in complex and ever‐changing environments.
Chemoselective Oxypalladation of (o‐Alkynylaryl)amide‐Triggered Site‐Selective C−H Annulation for Stereoselective Synthesis of Succinimide‐Fused Polycycles
Authors: Dattatri  , Babu Nanubolu Jagadeesh , Sridhar Reddy Maddi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report herein a palladium‐catalyzed, site‐selective cyclative annulation of o‐alkynyl arylamides with maleimide for the stereoselective construction of succinimide‐fused benzoxazine derivatives. This operationally simple and modular protocol provides access to polycyclic frameworks. The other associated features are high functional group compatibility, gram‐scale synthetic potential, and downstream transformations. Control and labeling experiments were conducted to get insights into the mechanism.
Access to 3‐Azetidines via Halogenation of Titanacyclobutanes
Authors: Weinhold Tyler D. , Law James A. , Frederich James H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAzetidines are valuable nitrogenous heterocycles. Herein, we disclose a strategy for the modular assembly of 3‐azetidines and related spirocyclic congeners featuring all‐carbon quaternary centers. This approach leverages titanacyclobutanes generated from ketones or alkenes. Halogenation of these organotitanium species gives rise to functionalized alkyl dihalides that can be subsequently captured by amines to afford azetidine building blocks. This strategy facilitated the synthesis of a small molecule anti‐tuberculosis drug. It also enabled access to carbon‐13 isotopologs of diazaspiro[3.3]heptane fragments that are challenging to prepare by any other means.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Benzylic C(sp3)−H Oxidation of Unprotected Aniline Derivatives for the Synthesis of Phenanthridines
Authors: Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Matsuzawa Yuta , Hayashi Masahito , Kobayashi Takumi , Shigeno Masanori , Yada Akira , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a copper‐catalyzed intramolecular benzylic C(sp3)−H oxidation of unprotected aniline derivatives under aerobic conditions, which enables the preparation of phenanthridine compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the pioneering reaction of dehydrogenative C(sp3)−N bond formation from unprotected anilines under a Cu/O2 system. Notably, various anilines possessing alkyl, methoxy, halogen (fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide), trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, ester, and acetal groups can also participate in the reaction.
Recent Advances and Synthetic Approaches of AuNRs for Sensing Applications Based on Different Aspect Ratios
Authors: Hao Xi , Qin Jieling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGold nanorods (AuNRs), 1D rod‐shaped nanomaterials, hold a crucial role in sensing applications due to their distinct physicochemical properties, such as high surface area, efficient mass transfer, good biocompatibility, and anisotropic optical and electronic responses. This review outlines the most recent advancements in AuNRs research, offering a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies. Subsequently, the potential of AuNRs in sensor applications is discussed, and for the first time, an innovative analysis of their application in the sensor field based on the aspect ratio of AuNRs is proposed. These sensing systems are utilized for detecting heavy metal ions, inorganic anions, small biomolecules, protein tumor markers, enzymes, and nucleic acids. Finally, the future research directions and challenges of AuNRs are addressed.
Injectable “Homing‐Like” Bioactive Short‐Fibers for Endometrial Repair and Efficient Live Births
Authors: Cao Yumeng , Qi Jia , Wang Juan , Chen Liang , Wang Yuan , Long Yijing , Li Boyu , Lai Junliang , Yao Yejie , Meng Yiwen , Yu Xiaohua , Chen Xiao‐Dong , Ng Lai Guan , Li Xinyu , Lu Yao , Cheng Xiaoyue , Cui Wenguo , Sun Yun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of infertility caused by endometrial defects is steadily increasing, posing a significant challenge to women's reproductive health. In this study, injectable “homing‐like” bioactive decellularized extracellular matrix short‐fibers (DEFs) of porcine skin origin are innovatively designed for endometrial and fertility restoration. The DEFs can effectively bind to endometrial cells through noncovalent dipole interactions and release bioactive growth factors in situ. In vitro, the DEFs effectively attracted endometrial cells through the “homing‐like” effect, enabling cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on their surface. Furthermore, the DEFs effectively facilitated the proliferation and angiogenesis of human primary endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and inhibited fibrosis of pretreated HESCs. In vivo, the DEFs significantly accelerated endometrial restoration, angiogenesis, and receptivity. Notably, the deposition of endometrial collagen decreased from 41.19 ± 2.16% to 14.15 ± 1.70% with DEFs treatment. Most importantly, in endometrium‐injured rats, the use of DEFs increased the live birth rate from 30% to an impressive 90%, and the number and development of live births close to normal rats. The injectable “homing‐like” bioactive DEFs system can achieve efficient live births and intrauterine injection of DEFs provides a new promising clinical strategy for endometrial factor infertility.
Relocatable Hollow Multishelled Structure‐Based Membrane Enables Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition for Ultrastable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wei Peng , Wang Haoyu , Yang Mei , Wang Jiangyan , Wang Dan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium metal anode holds great promise due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest redox potential. However, its practical application is hindered by lithium dendrite growth and exhaustive side reactions, which poses concerns to both cell performance and safety. Herein, a relocatable composite membrane is developed to simultaneously inhibit dendrite growth and stabilize solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. The compact packing of hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) provides percolated lithium ion channels and uniform ion flux, while the combined elastic polymer endows membrane structural flexibility to dynamically accommodate volume changes, which results in dendrite‐free lithium deposition inside HoMS and underneath the membrane and stable SEI film restricted to the outer surface of HoMS. Consequently, the membrane‐modified lithium metal half cell achieves an impressive Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% for over 600 cycles. Notably, full cell paired with LiFePO4 cathode stably runs for over 700 cycles, with a decay rate of only 0.045% per cycle, while the one paired with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode demonstrates a high capacity of 164.1 mAh g−1 at 1 C and a good capacity retention. This HoMS‐based composite membrane opens up new opportunities to realize the practical application of lithium metal batteries.
Enhanced Fast‐Charging and Longevity in Sodium‐Ion Batteries through Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Frameworks Encasing Flower‐Like Bismuth Microspheres
Authors: Chen Zhilin , Wu Xiaoyu , Sun Zhefei , Pan Jianhai , Han Jiajia , Wang Yangsu , Liu Haodong , Shen Yanbin , Li Jie , Peng Dong‐Liang , Zhang Qiaobao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicro‐sized bismuth (Bi) is recognized for its high volumetric capacity and suitable working potential, making it a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its substantial volume changes and slow reaction kinetics during cycling detrimentally affects the SIB performance. Theoretical prediction uncovers a previously unexplored favorable attribute that bonding between nitrogen within a carbon coating and Bi atoms facilitates Na+ ingress into the Bi bulk, significantly enhancing Bi‐Na alloying reactions, mitigating volume expansion, and preventing Na‐dendrite formation. Experimentally, the study innovatively engineers a flower‐like micro‐sized Bi encapsulated within an elastic, nitrogen‐doped carbon framework (FBi@NC) working as an efficient anode for SIBs. This design enables FBi@NC anode achieving a high tap density of 2.86 g cm−3 and delivering a remarkable volumetric capacity of 1100 mAh cm−3 at 1 mA cm−2. It also exhibits exceptional rate capability (368.2 mA h g−1 at 30 A g−1) and super durable cyclability (10 000 cycles with 318.8 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1, retaining 82% capacity). Full cells with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes demonstrate superior rate and cycling performances. Crucially, this study elucidates the underlying Na+‐storage mechanisms and the contributory factors to performance enhancement, providing vital insights for the development of high‐energy and stable SIBs.
Can the Interfacial Solar Vapor Generation Performance Be Really “Beyond” Theoretical Limit?
Authors: Nawaz Fahad , Yang Yawei , Zhao Qi , Mo Yalu , Jiang Zhuohang , Wu Jinghe , Liu Yihong , Liu Bowen , Gao Bowen , Que Wenxiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) process is an environmentally friendly approach that utilizes solar to produce steam, which can solve the water shortage. Despite many previous research studies, claims beyond the theoretical limit have risen due to limitations in the efficiency of converting solar to vapor and the rate of solar evaporation, which are still being debated. Energy losses remain even under ideal conditions, which means that the efficiency of the system will never be ≥100%. This review primarily analyzes the theoretical values of evaporation rate and energy efficiency in the ISVG process. Utilizing a theoretical formula for energy distribution, the factors contributing to the current exceedance of conversion efficiency and evaporation rate are scrutinized. By examining various strategies, such as the reduction of vaporization enthalpy for photothermal materials and the utilization of environmental energy for evaporation, these studies seek to enhance evaporation efficiencies, but they ignore the problem of the theoretical limit of evaporation. Therefore, this review emphasizes misconceptions about efficiencies beyond theoretical limits and aims to guide researchers to provide plausible explanations for such breakthroughs under specific conditions, alongside established reference conditions. Ultimately, this study lays a solid theoretical foundation for practical solar water purification.
Marangoni‐Driven Self‐Assembly MXene As Functional Membrane Enables Dendrite‐Free and Flexible Zinc–Iodine Pouch Cells
Authors: Liu Huan , Xu Zhijing , Cao Bin , Xin Zijun , Lai Hongjuan , Gao Shan , Xu Bin , Yang Jin‐Lin , Xiao Tao , Zhang Bao , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZn metal is a promising anode material in aqueous batteries, but the direct use of Zn foil encounters severe issues of dendrite formation and side reactions, causing short cycle life. Conventional thick and rigid insulating protection layers may impede Zn ion diffusion and detach during mechanical deformation of the battery. Herein, a dendrite‐free zinc anode is demonstrated by grafting a thin (≈10 nm) Ti3C2Tx MXene functional membrane which is formed via Marangoni‐driven self‐assembly. The thin MXene membrane initiates uniform nucleation and promotes deposition of (002)‐oriented Zn in a lateral growth mode. Meanwhile, the membrane functions as a soft, stress‐adaptive, and protective layer to the underneath active zinc. This functional membrane renders Zn anode with improved cycling stability without notable dendrite formation or side‐reaction products. Flexible Zn─I2 pouch cells fabricated from the MXene‐covered Zn foil (20 µm thick) anode and a modified ZnI2 cathode demonstrate stable capacity up to 1500 cycles and unchanged voltage upon various mechanical deformations. This work affords new insights into designing functional soft membranes for constructing flexible Zn‐based energy devices.
Time‐varying reaction of U.S. meat demand to animal disease outbreaks
Authors: Wang Yangchuan , Massa Olga Isengildina , Stewart Shamar L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examined the impact of the mad cow (BSE) and bird flu (HPAI) outbreaks on the demand for beef, pork, and broiler meat in the United States from 1997 to 2022. Using time‐varying elasticities obtained from the Rotterdam model extended to include animal disease outbreaks, we found that the BSE outbreaks significantly reduced beef consumption. These reactions were indeed time‐varying, ranging from 1.312% in 2003 to 1.212% in 2005. HPAI outbreaks had a delayed reaction, with a rebound in broiler meat consumption in the quarter following the start of the outbreak. In general, the magnitude of these reactions was proportional to the severity of an outbreak.
Dementias Platform UK: Bringing genetics into life
Authors: Leonenko Ganna , Bauermeister Sarah , Ghanti Dipanwita , Stevenson‐Hoare Joshua , Simmonds Emily , Brookes Keeley , Morgan Kevin , Chaturvedi Nishi , Elliott Paul , Thomas Alan , Wareham Nicholas , Gallacher John , Escott‐Price Valentina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Data Portal is a data repository bringing together a wide range of cohorts. Neurodegenerative dementias are a group of diseases with highly heterogeneous pathology and an overlapping genetic component that is poorly understood. The DPUK collection of independent cohorts can facilitate research in neurodegeneration by combining their genetic and phenotypic data.METHODSFor genetic data processing, pipelines were generated to perform quality control analysis, genetic imputation, and polygenic risk score (PRS) derivation with six genome‐wide association studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Pipelines were applied to five cohorts.DISCUSSIONThe data processing pipelines, research‐ready imputed genetic data, and PRS scores are now available on the DPUK platform and can be accessed upon request though the DPUK application process. Harmonizing genome‐wide data for multiple datasets increases scientific opportunity and allows the wider research community to access and process data at scale and pace.