bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of bifunctional photoactivatable benzophenone probes and their application to glycoside substrates
Authors: Qvit Nir , Monderer‐Rothkoff Galya , Ido Ayelet , Shalev Deborah E. , Amster‐Choder Orna , Gilon Chaim 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPhotoaffinity labeling is used to covalently attach ligands to macromolecules to determine their spatial arrangement and structure. Benzophenone (BP) groups are widely used for covalent photoaffinity labeling and for probing protein interactions. We developed bifunctional BP photoactivatable derivatives using three different general chemical approaches. In addition to the photoaffinity reactivity of the BP, these derivatives contain an additional group: A radioactive tracer for biological studies, or an N‐ethylmaleimide group as an additional crosslinker, or a biotin group to be used during purification and characterization of probe–protein complexes using the high‐affinity biotin–avidin interaction. A model series of photoaffinity labeling probes was synthesized based on the arbutin ligand. These compounds can be used as probes to study the arbutin binding site of microbial β‐glucoside transporters by photolabeling residues in its vicinity. The second functionality provides additional options for studying proteins and binding sites. The probes were developed using different methodologies: (i) a diazotation reaction; (ii) protecting group methodology; and (iii) solid‐phase synthesis. These procedures are general and provide a simple and versatile approach for synthesizing bifunctional BP ligands, as demonstrated here on arbutin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 526–536, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Catheter‐based therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A national unmet need
Authors: DeVries James T. , White Christopher J. , Cunningham Michael C. , Ramee Steven R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEarly reperfusion therapy for acute stroke, similar to acute myocardial infarction, has the best opportunity to reduce morbidity and mortality. Treatment options include intravenous (IV) thrombolysis therapy and/or catheter‐based therapy (CBT). Catheter‐based therapies include local intra‐arterial thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and angioplasty techniques. Intravenous thrombolysis is limited to the first three hours after symptom onset, which excludes many patients with disabling stroke deficits. Catheter‐based therapy is effective up to seven hours after onset, but availability is limited by the lack of neurointerventionalists available around the clock to provide this care. To increase the number of providers for acute stroke reperfusion therapy, we have formed a multidisciplinary team to take advantage of cardiologists' carotid stent placement experience to provide continuous coverage for emergency reperfusion therapy. We present two cases of acute stroke treated with CBT by interventional cardiologists. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid artery stent placement is safe in the very elderly (≥80 years)
Authors: Velez Carlos A. , White Christopher J. , Reilly John P. , Jenkins J. Stephen , Collins Tyrone J. , Grise Mark A. , McMullan Paul W. , Ramee Stephen R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground: Carotid artery stent (CAS) placement is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for stroke prevention. Clinical adoption of CAS depends on its safety and efficacy compared to CEA. There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the safety of CAS in the elderly. To address these safety concerns, we report our single‐center 13‐year CAS experience in very elderly (≥80 years of age) patients. Methods: Between 1994 and 2007, 816 CAS procedures were performed at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation. Very elderly patients, those ≥80 years of age, accounted for 126 (15%) of all CAS procedures. Independent neurologic examination was performed before and after the CAS procedure. Results: The average patient age was 82.9 ± 2.9 years. Almost one‐half (44%) were women and 40% were symptomatic from their carotid stenoses. One‐third of the elderly patients met anatomic criteria for high surgical risk as their indication for CAS. The procedural success rate was 100% with embolic protection devices used in 50%. The 30‐day major adverse coronary or cerebral events (MACCE) rate was 2.7% (n = 3) with all events occurring in the symptomatic patient group [death = 0.9% (n = 1), myocardial infarction = 0%, major (disabling) stroke = 0.9% (n = 1), and minor stroke = 0.9% (n = 1)]. Conclusion: Elderly patients, ≥80 years of age, may undergo successful CAS with a very low adverse event rate as determined by an independent neurological examination. We believe that careful case selection and experienced operators were keys to our success. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscaling Laws of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Applicabilities in Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Jun Young‐Wook , Seo Jung‐Wook , Cheon Jinwoo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface preparation of AlN substrates
Authors: Chen X. F. , Siche D. , Albrecht M. , Hartmann C. , Wollweber J. , Xu X. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Al‐polar surfaces of AlN wafers cut from physical vapor transport grown crystals were lapped and polished. Polishing procedures were developed to produce surfaces for epitaxial growth. The surface scratches and subsurface damage caused by mechanical polishing were removed by a final chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, which yielded a perfect surface ready for epitaxial growth. After CMP the average root mean square surface roughness on a 5 µm × 5 µm area was 0.1 nm. Characterization of the polished surfaces by electron back scatter diffraction and cathodoluminescence showed no subsurface damage. The difference of orientation dependent material removal rate during CMP went up with the increase of the misorientation from (0001) surface. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetics of histone H2AX phosphorylation and Chk2 activation in A549 cells treated with topotecan and mitoxantrone in relation to the cell cycle phase
Authors: Zhao Hong , Traganos Frank , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe DNA topoisomerase I (topo1) inhibitor topotecan (TPT) and topo2 inhibitors doxorubicin, etoposide and mitoxantrone (MXT) are widely used antitumor drugs. They stabilize otherwise transient (“cleavable”) complexes of topo1 or topo2 with DNA, respectively. Collisions of DNA replication forks (during replication) or progressing RNA polymerase molecules (during transcription) with these complexes convert them into double‐strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Formation of DSBs triggers activation of ATM and phosphorylation of histone H2AX, the markers that have been used to correlate DNA damage with cell cycle phase or induction of apoptosis. In the present study we explored a relationship between H2AX phosphorylation and activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells treated with TPT or with MXT. Activation of Chk2 was detected immunocytochemically using a phospho‐specific (Thr68) Ab and measuring Chk2‐Thr68Pimmunofluorescence (IF), concurrently with DNA content, by laser scanning cytometry. In the untreated cells, activated Chk2 was present predominantly in centrosomes. Upon treatment with TPT or MTX, the activated Chk2 presented itself in form of either minute or large IF foci in the cell's nucleoplasm. H2AX phosphorylation whether induced by TPT or MXT was rapid, with the maximal rate occurring during the initial 2 h and peaking at 2 h of treatment. TPT or MXT induced Chk2 activation occurred at a distinctly slower pace, peaking at 4 h. While TPT‐induced H2AX phosphorylation and Chk2 activation were maximal in S‐phase cells, Chk2 activation was also much pronounced in G2M cells; the least affected by TPT were G1 cells. MTX‐induced H2AX phosphorylation was maximal in G1 cells while Chk2 activation was maximal in G2M and minimal in G1 cells. The pattern of cell‐cycle phase specific response to TPT or MXT by H2AX phosphorylation and Chk2 activation was different when measured either as integrated or maximal pixel of γH2AX or Chk2‐Thr68P IF, the former reflecting total IF per nucleus the latter stressing the punctate (foci) character of expression of these phospho‐modified proteins. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An Unusual Cause of Young Hypertension
Authors: Sivakumar K. G. , Fernando Edwin M. , Jayakumar M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA 16‐year‐old male was evaluated for hypertension. On clinical examination, he had features suggestive of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1). Further, he had feeble pulse over both lower limbs, with arterial bruit over the abdomen. A magnetic resonance angiogram revealed constriction of the abdominal aorta with bilateral renal artery stenosis. This type of vascular lesion in NF1 is a rare entity. It may be progressive and requires timely intervention to control hypertension and prevent ischemic nephropathy.
When emotions of others affect decisions in public good dilemmas: An instrumental view
Authors: Wubben Maarten J. J. , De Cremer David , van Dijk Eric 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present research examines whether the emotional display (i.e. anger vs. guilt) of another group member affects people's decision‐making in a public good dilemma. In two experiments we investigated whether the expressed emotion is particularly informative when communicated by a group member who is highly instrumental in reaching the provision point. A first experiment demonstrated that participants were more likely to exit the group when anger as opposed to guilt was communicated, but especially when the group member displaying the emotion was able to contribute many endowments to the public good. Expected justice (based on past inferences) in the group mediated this effect, suggesting that communicated anger signals more than guilt that the group will not set out to achieve fairness. In agreement with this, a second experiment showed that when it was not possible to exit the group, participants preferred to install a democratic leader more when a wealthy group member communicated anger as opposed to guilt. Additionally, this study provided experimental evidence that a communicated emotion is only used for subsequent decision‐making when more explicit information (i.e. a promise to contribute) is absent. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Group size, group status and trait valence as determinants of intergroup bias: Stereotyping in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Liebkind Karmela , Henning‐Lindblom Anna , Solheim Erling 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effects of group size, group status and trait valence (positive or negative stereotypes of in‐ and outgroup) on intergroup bias was studied in nation‐wide probability samples of majority and minority groups in Finland and Sweden, (N = 2479). Ethnolinguistic vitality was used as a proxy for status. It is argued that the specific history of real‐life intergroup relations has to be duly acknowledged when predicting main and interactive effects on intergroup bias in natural contexts. Supporting the predictions made, numerical group size showed a stable main effect; members of numerical minorities showed more bias than members of numerical majorities, regardless of trait valence. While status had no main effect, there was a significant interaction between status and size as well as between status and trait valence: intergroup bias was highest in the high status minority, and low status groups showed less bias than high status groups on negatively valenced traits. In fact, minority members showed the reverse of PNAE. In addition, majority members favoured the outgroup on negatively valenced traits, but favoured their ingroup on positively valenced traits. Different explanations for these results are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revision of Bomarea Mirbel subgenus BaccataHofreiter (Alstroemeriaceae)
Authors: Hofreiter A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe subgenus Baccata of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) recently contains seven validly published names. The number of species is reduced to five. A key to determine the species is given. The typical growth form and its variability, habitat preferences and distribution are discussed separately for each species. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Insight toward epithelial Na+ channel mechanism revealed by the acid‐sensing ion channel 1 structure
Authors: Stockand James D. , Staruschenko Alexander , Pochynyuk Oleh , Booth Rachell E. , Silverthorn Dee U. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe epithelial Na+ channel/degenerin (ENaC/DEG) protein family includes a diverse group of ion channels, including nonvoltage‐gated Na+ channels of epithelia and neurons, and the acid‐sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1). In mammalian epithelia, ENaC helps regulate Na+ and associated water transport, making it a critical determinant of systemic blood pressure and pulmonary mucosal fluidity. In the nervous system, ENaC/DEG proteins are related to sensory transduction. While the importance and physiological function of these ion channels are established, less is known about their structure. One hallmark of the ENaC/DEG channel family is that each channel subunit has only two transmembrane domains connected by an exceedingly large extracellular loop. This subunit structure was recently confirmed when Jasti and colleagues determined the crystal structure of chicken ASIC1, a neuronal acid‐sensing ENaC/DEG channel. By mapping ENaC to the structural coordinates of cASIC1, as we do here, we hope to provide insight toward ENaC structure. ENaC, like ASIC1, appears to be a trimeric channel containing 1α, 1β, and 1γ subunit. Heterotrimeric ENaC and monomeric ENaC subunits within the trimer possibly contain many of the major secondary, tertiary, and quaternary features identified in cASIC1 with a few subtle but critical differences. These differences are expected to have profound effects on channel behavior. In particular, they may contribute to ENaC insensitivity to acid and to its constitutive activity in the absence of time‐ and ligand‐dependent inactivation. Experiments resulting from this comparison of cASIC1 and ENaC may help clarify unresolved issues related to ENaC architecture, and may help identify secondary structures and residues critical to ENaC function. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(9): 620–628, 2008
Regulation of HMG‐CoA reductase expression by hypoxia
Authors: Pallottini Valentina , Guantario Barbara , Martini Chiara , Totta Pierangela , Filippi Irene , Carraro Fabio , Trentalance Anna 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe ability to maintain O2 homeostasis is essential to the survival of all invertebrate and vertebrate species. The transcriptional factor, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1), is the principal regulator of oxygen homeostasis. Under hypoxic condition HIF‐1 induces the transcription of several hypoxia‐responsive genes by binding to hypoxia‐response elements (HRE) in their promoters. In recent years it has been demonstrated that hypoxia could be related to metabolic variations such as hyper‐cholesterolemia in mouse models. On the basis of this observation, the present study was performed to verify the involvement of HIF‐1, and in particular the effect of chemical and environmental induction of HIF‐1α (the oxygen sensitive isoform) accumulation in 3‐hydroxy 3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG‐CoAR, the key and rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway) regulation. Our results show that HIF‐1α accumulation is able to increase level and activity of HMG‐CoAR by stimulating its transcription. The raised transcription of the reductase could be related to an induction by HIF‐1α even if a parallel action of SREBP‐2 actively translocated to nucleus by the increased level of SCAP cannot be excluded. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 701–709, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor RFX4 binding to the testis‐specific histone H1t promoter in spermatocytes may be important for regulation of H1t gene transcription during spermatogenesis
Authors: Wolfe Steven A. , vanWert Jane M. , Grimes Sidney R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe X‐box binding protein RFX4 is highly expressed in testis in contrast with other tissues, but its function there is unknown. Another family member abundant in testis, RFX2, has been shown to bind to the X‐Box elements in the promoter of the testis specific histone H1t, which is expressed only in pachytene spermatocytes. RFX proteins are known to dimerize, and there is the possibility that the abundant testis RFX4, which is also expressed in pachytene spermatocytes as shown by RT‐PCR and Western blotting, may interact with RFX2 in these cells. In EMSA anti‐RFX2 polyclonal antibodies produce a supershifted complex with testis extracts and an X‐Box probe. On the other hand, RFX4 polyclonal antibodies do not supershift the complex but appear to enhance formation of the complex. RFX4 appears to co‐precipitate with RFX2 in immunoprecipitation, and to co‐purify with RFX2 in an affinity purification using a biotinylated X‐box affinity probe. In ChIP assays RFX4 also binds to the H1t promoter in vivo. These data suggest a possible regulatory role for RFX4 in transcription of the histone H1t gene during spermatogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 61–69, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Un‐nicked BoNT/B activity in human SHSY‐5Y neuronal cells
Authors: Shi Xuerong , Garcia Gregory E. , Nambiar Madhusoodana P. , Gordon Richard K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBoNT/B holotoxin (HT) from the native source is a mixture of nicked and un‐nicked forms. A previous study showed that while un‐nicked HT could be transcytosed by intestinal epithelial cells, they did not correlate this with proteolytic activity or biological effect(s). Un‐nicked HT is likely to be present in BoNT biological warfare agents (BWA), so it is important to investigate the relative toxicity of un‐nicked HT in this BWA. To address this issue, we purified un‐nicked HT from commercial sources and evaluated its ability to cleave substrates both in vitro and in vivo, and its effects on vesicle trafficking. The un‐nicked HT was unable to cleave VAMPTide™ substrate used for in vitro proteolytic assays. Brief digestion of the un‐nicked toxin with trypsin resulted in significant activation of the toxin proteolytic ability. SHSY‐5Y human neuroblastoma cells were used to examine HT uptake and activation in vivo. Vesicle trafficking can be measured following K+ stimulation of cells preloaded with [3H]‐noradrenaline (NA). We found that highly purified un‐nicked HT did inhibit NA release but at much reduced levels compared to the nicked toxin. That the reduction in NA release was due to BoNT effects on SNARE proteins was supported by the finding that VAMP‐2 protein levels in un‐nicked toxin treated cells was greater than those treated with nicked toxin. These results demonstrate that although un‐nicked HT has markedly reduced toxicity than the nicked form, due to the preponderance in BoNT/B preparations from the native bacteria, it is a major source of toxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 129–135, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitotic partitioning of transcription factors
Authors: Delcuve Geneviève P. , He Shihua , Davie James R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMitosis is a highly orchestrated process involving numerous protein kinases and phosphatases. At the onset of mitosis, the chromatin condensation into metaphase chromosomes is correlated with global phosphorylation of histone H3. The bulk of transcription is silenced while many of the transcription‐associated proteins, including transcription and chromatin remodeling factors, are excluded from chromatin, typically as a consequence of their phosphorylation. Components of the transcription machinery and regulatory proteins are recycled and equally partitioned between newly divided cells by mechanisms that may involve microtubules, microfilaments or intermediate filaments. However, as demonstrated in the case of Runx2, a subset of transcription factors involved in lineage‐specific control, likely remain associated with their target genes to direct the deposition or removal of epigenetic marks. The displacement and re‐entry into daughter cells of transcription and chromatin remodeling factors are temporally defined and regulated. Reformation of daughter nuclei is a critical time to re‐establish the proper gene expression pattern. The mechanisms involved in the marking and re‐establishment of gene expression has been elucidated for few genes. The elucidation of how the memory of a programmed expression profile is transmitted to daughter cells represents a challenge. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1–8, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of homeobox genes in the patterning, specification, and differentiation of ectodermal appendages in mammals
Authors: Duverger Olivier , Morasso Maria I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHomeobox genes are an evolutionarily conserved class of transcription factors that are key regulators during developmental processes such as regional specification, patterning, and differentiation. In this review, we summarize the expression pattern, loss‐ and/or gain‐of‐function mouse models, and naturally occurring mouse and human mutations of known homeobox genes required for the development of ectodermal appendages. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 337–346, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TPRA40/GPR175 regulates early mouse embryogenesis through functional membrane transport by Sjögren's syndrome‐associated protein NA14
Authors: Aki Toshihiko , Funakoshi Takeshi , Nishida‐Kitayama Junko , Mizukami Yoichi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTPRA40/GPR175 is an orphan receptor whose physiological functions have not been found to date. In an attempt to generate transgenic mice that express an shRNA of TPRA40, we observed that the cell division of early mouse embryos that injected the short hairpin RNA expression vector was significantly accelerated compared with the control vector. The regulation of cell division by TPRA40 was also observed in HeLa cells. Since the C‐terminal region of TPRA40 has been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell division, we performed yeast two‐hybrid screening using the C‐terminal region as bait. Nuclear antigen of 14 kDa (NA14), an autoantigen of Sjögren's syndrome, was identified as a binding protein to the C‐terminal region of TPRA40. The binding of TPRA40 and NA14 was confirmed by GST pull‐down assay and co‐immunoprecipitation assay. FLAG‐TPRA40 is transported from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in time‐dependent manner and the translocation was inhibited by GFP‐NA14ΔN, an N‐terminal deletion mutant that cannot bind to microtubules but binds to TPRA40. TPRA40ΔC, which cannot bind to NA 14, shows impaired transport to the plasma membrane. Finally, we found that the effect of TPRA40 on mouse embryogenesis is strengthened by GFP‐NA14, but not by GFP or GFP‐NA14ΔN. These observations indicate that the functional plasma membrane transport of TPRA40 that regulates cell division of mouse embryos is mediated by NA14. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 194–206, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.