bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Groundwater Management Through Micro Irrigation: A Critical Review on Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Deshpande Vaibhav P. , Ahmad Ishtiyaq , Singh Chandan K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Groundwater plays a vital role in global water resources, supporting agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supply systems. However, the long-term sustainability of groundwater is increasingly threatened due to the widespread adoption of irrigation systems especially micro irrigation. Micro irrigation is a widespread agricultural technique that involves water application to crops through drip irrigation and sprinkler systems. This method has gained widespread adoption due to its ability to deliver water efficiently to crops. This review paper examines the impacts of micro irrigation on groundwater sustainability, focusing on its effects on groundwater quantity, quality, and overall sustainability. The findings reveal that micro irrigation can significantly contribute to groundwater conservation by reducing water losses. However, improper management practices, such as over-irrigation or incorrect application rates, can lead to excessive groundwater extraction, depletion of aquifers, and declining water tables. Applying fertilizers and pesticides in micro irrigation systems may lead to groundwater pollution, thereby affecting water quality and posing a risk to human health. This review article emphasizes the significance of appropriate design, installation, and upkeep of micro irrigation systems to minimize potential adverse effects on groundwater. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks, policies, and educational programs are crucial in promoting sustainable groundwater management practices in micro irrigation. The present review highlights the significance of adopting balanced water use practices, enhancing water management techniques, and implementing relevant regulations to ensure the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in micro irrigation systems.
Achieving Environmental sustainability through the adoption of industry 4.0: an exploratory case study within the information technology industry
Authors: El Merroun Mohamed , Istvan Janos Bartók , Alkhlaifat Osama 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the present-day competitive business landscape, integrating Industry 4.0 has transitioned from a choice to a necessity for companies striving to maintain their edge. Given the automation functions of IoT, the data management and transformation capabilities of AI, and the traceability benefits provided by Blockchain, this imperative is now more evident than ever. While widespread interest in Industry 4.0 is prevalent, the uncertainties surrounding the implementation process pose notable challenges. For this reason, in this paper, we present a single case study of a firm that operates in the information technology market to showcase the implementation process and how they overcome the challenges of digital transformation. Furthermore, the effect of this implementation on environmental sustainability experienced by the company and three of its customers was discussed.
Influence of different intraoperative fluid management on postoperative outcome after abdominal tumours resection
Authors: Jenko Matej , Mencin Katarina , Novak-Jankovic Vesna , Spindler-Vesel Alenka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Intraoperative fluid management is a crucial aspect of cancer surgery, including colorectal surgery and pancreatoduodenectomy. The study tests if intraoperative multimodal monitoring reduces postoperative morbidity and duration of hospitalisation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery treated by the same anaesthetic protocols with epidural analgesia.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was conducted in 2 parallel groups. High-risk surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomly selected in the control group (CG), where standard monitoring was applied (44 patients), and the protocol group (PG), where cerebral oxygenation and extended hemodynamic monitoring were used with the protocol for intraoperative interventions (44 patients).

Results
There were no differences in the median length of hospital stay, CG 9 days (interquartile range [IQR] 8 days), PG 9 (5.5), p = 0.851. There was no difference in postoperative renal of cardiac impairment. Procalcitonin was significantly higher (highest postoperative value in the first 3 days) in CG, 0.75 mcg/L (IQR 3.19 mcg/L), than in PG, 0.3 mcg/L (0.88 mcg/L), p = 0.001. PG patients received a larger volume of intraoperative fluid; median intraoperative fluid balance +1300 ml (IQR 1063 ml) than CG; +375 ml (IQR 438 ml), p < 0.001.

Conclusions
There were significant differences in intraoperative fluid management and vasopressor use. The median postoperative value of procalcitonin was significantly higher in CG, suggesting differences in immune response to tissue trauma in different intraoperative fluid status, but there was no difference in postoperative morbidity or hospital stay.
Endowment Effect, Information Asymmetry, and Real Estate Market Decisions: Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept Disparities
Authors: Mwanyepedza Robert , Mishi Syden 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The endowment effect has gained dominance over the decades due to its ability to explain behavioral instincts portrayed by individuals when making decisions and its inconsistency with standard economic theories. It has been extensively applied in different fields of study, however its applicability to the housing market has been limited since its establishment. The study seeks to investigate whether the endowment effect exists in the housing market and whether the disclosure of information, increased affordability and agent evaluation significantly reduce the endowment effect. Using data obtained from a survey conducted between January and August 2022 in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, the study found that the disclosure of information eliminates the gap between buyers’ valuations and market values, while the gap between sellers’ valuations and market prices is reduced but not eliminated by information disclosure. The study has further concluded that increased affordability and agent evaluations significantly reduce the endowment effect in the housing market. Therefore, the study recommends that private and public entities should establish laws and regulations which promote the disclosure of information to reduce the gap between the willingness to pay (WTP) and the willingness to accept (WTA) that exists in the market.
Selection of Tooling for Extrusion of Polyamide Hoses Using Process Capability Analysis
Authors: Siqueira Sílvio Sérgio Silveira de , Vieira Pedro Senna , Furtado Anderson Elias , Silva Bianca Paulino , Sampaio Nilo Antônio de Souza 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This research is a case study carried out in a polyamide hose factory located in Brazil. The research seeks to identify the best set of tools to be used in a polymer extruder in the manufacture of polyamide 11 hoses. Search with the set of tools seeking the best production quality, without dimensional variations and in a more stable way from the beginning.

Methods: By visualizing the dimensions of the product and the dimensions of the tools. To achieve this, Minitab® software is used to analyze the capacity of the production process with three different combinations of tools. The three productions were carried out with modifications to the original set of tools, one with changing the former and the last with changing the pin and extrusion die.

Results and conclusion: Process capacity analysis showed that the last combination, with a former with a smaller gap in relation to the hose and with a pin and die with smaller gaps than the initial set, was more efficient, producing a hose with fewer dimensional variations.

Research implications: Process capability analysis proves to be useful in assisting engineers in the development of tools to produce thermoplastic hoses, reducing dimensional variations and product defects, generating savings in material, hours worked and costs.

Originality/Value: Hoses are produced not only by the oil and gas sector, but also for other purposes such as hospital use, retail and civil construction. This study will help the production of thermoplastic hoses in any segment.
Formulasi Sediaan Lip cream Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Asoka (Ixora coccinea) sebagai Pewarna Alami
Authors: Nanda Chintiya Vera , Kurniati Dwi Elfira , Indriyanti Niken 
Published: March 2024

Asoka flower (Ixora coccinea) possesses pigments that can be used as natural colorants in decorative cosmetics. The use of natural colorants in decorative cosmetics is still limited and the demand for decorative cosmetics especially lip cream is increasing. This research aims to determine whether ethanol extract of Asoka flowers can be used as an alternative natural colorant in lip cream formulations. This research began with extraction of Asoka flowers using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent and citric acid. Base was optimized using a single thickener and combination of carnauba wax and candelilla wax. Base was evaluated and formulated with flower extract. The formulation quality was determined through organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and pH tests. The extraction results yielded a yield of 27,1%. Best base was bases F3, F4, and F5. Formulations using Asoka flower extract with 2%, 4%, and 6% produced sequentially light brown, reddish-brown, and red colors. F3 produces the best color at pH 4.6. The evaluation results include the distinctive aroma of chocolate, semi-solid consistency, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and pH that meet the pharmaceutical requirements. In conclusion, ethanol extract from Asoka flowers can be utilized as a natural colorant in lip cream formulations.
Keywords: Ixora coccinea, Natural Colorants, Lip cream, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax

Abstrak
Bunga asoka (Ixora coccinea) memiliki pigmen warna yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami pada kosmetik dekoratif. Namun penggunaan pewarna alami pada kosmetik dekoratif masih kurang dan permintaan penggunaan kosmetik dekoratif terutama lip cream semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol bunga asoka dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pewarna alami pada sediaan lip cream. Penelitian ini diawali dengan ekstraksi bunga asoka dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan asam sitrat. Lalu dilakukan optimasi basis dengan pengental tunggal dan kombinasi berupa carnauba wax dan candelilla wax. Basis dievaluasi dan diformulasikan dengan ekstrak bunga asoka. Kualitas sediaan ditentukan melalui uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji viskositas dan uji pH. Hasil ekstraksi didapatkan rendemen sebesar 27,1%. Formula basis terbaik yaitu F3, F4, dan F5. Sediaan dengan ekstrak bunga asoka konsentrasi 2%, 4%, dan 6% menghasilkan warna berturut-turut coklat muda, coklat kemerahan, dan merah. F3 menghasilkan warna terbaik dengan pH 4,6. Hasil evaluasi karakteristik fisik seluruh sediaan meliputi aroma khas coklat, konsistensi semipadat, homogen serta memiliki daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas, dan pH yang memenuhi persyaratan evaluasi sediaan lip cream. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga asoka dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami pada sediaan lip cream.
Kata Kunci: Ixora coccinea, Pewarna Alami, Lip cream, Carnauba wax, Candelilla wax
Analisis Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelakai Merah (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm F.) Bedd) Berbantu Ultrasonik
Authors: Karangan Chisilia Brydhita , Prabowo Wisnu Cahyo , Agustina Risna 
Published: March 2024

Kelakai merah is a typical plant of Kalimantan that is widely used for medicinal purposes. This plant is reported to contain numerous secondary metabolite compounds, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This research aims to determine the flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of red kelakai leaves (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm F.) Bedd) extracted using ultrasonic assistance. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was carried out with variations in time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) and temperature (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60°C). The extract obtained during the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was then measured for flavonoid content using the spectrophotometry method. The research results showed the highest yield of the extraction process at a temperature variation of 60°C with a time of 20 minutes (20%). The highest flavonoid content was obtained at a temperature variation of 50°C with a time of 25 minutes (51.86 ppm quercetin in 100 mg of extract). This study provides evidence that ultrasonication can be used as an effective method for extracting total flavonoids from red kelakai leaves, which have the potential for applications in the development of herbal and pharmaceutical products based on this plant material.
Keywords: Kelakai merah, Extraction, Ultrasonic, Flavonoid

Abstrak
Kelakai merah merupakan tanaman khas kalimantan yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat. Tanaman ini dilaporkan memiliki banyak kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder diantaranya senyawa golongan fenolik dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid dari ekstrak etanol daun kelakai merah (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm F.) Bedd) yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan bantuan gelombang ultrasonik. Ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik dilakukan dengan variasi waktu (5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 menit) dan suhu (20, 30, 40, 50 dan 60°C). Ekstrak yang diperoleh pada proses ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik kemudian diukur kadar flavonoid menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen terbesar proses ekstraksi terdapat pada variasi suhu 60°C dengan waktu 20 menit (15%). Kadar flavonoid tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi suhu 50°C dengan waktu 25 menit (2,56%). Penelitian ini memberikan bukti bahwa ultrasonik dapat digunakan sebagai metode yang efektif untuk mengekstraksi flavonoid total dari daun kelakai merah, yang memiliki potensi aplikasi dalam pengembangan produk-produk herbal dan farmasi yang berbasis pada bahan tumbuhan ini.
Kata Kunci: Kelakai merah, Ekstraksi, Ultrasonik, Flavonoid
Efek Beta Sitosterol dan Kunyit Hitam (Curcuma caesia) Terhadap Berat Badan dan Abnormalitas Hati pada Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Etanol
Authors: Ilhaam Jihaan Nazhiirah , Anggreini Putri , Arifian Hanggara , Sulistiarini Riski 
Published: March 2024

Ethanol can cause fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis which contribute to liver function’s disorder.Fatty liver is caused by the accumulation of fat in liver cells. Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) contains curcumin, with hepatoprotective activity and can prevent obesity. Beta-sitosterol is a derivative compound of phytosterol with good hepatoprotective activity Therefore, this study aims to assess the activities of black turmeric and beta-sitosterol as hepatoprotective and anti-obesity agents. Mice were divided into 4 groups: Normal (N), beta-sitosterol 20 mg/kg body weight (BS), black turmeric 6.25% (KH), and negative group (KN). Groups BS, KH, and KN were given 35% ethanol (p.o) for 2 weeks. On the 14th day, body weight were measured and all the mice were dissecter to examine the liver organ. The KH group weight was decreased compared to the normal group. The BS group weight was relatively stable. Macroscopic analysis of the liver organ showed no difference between groups N, BS, and KH. The KN group showed liver swelling as expected. Based on the obtained results, it is assumed that black turmeric prevents weight gain and liver damage due to excessive alcohol-induced. Beta-sitosterol and black turmeric can also prevent the hepatotoxic effects of alcohol consumption
Keywords: black turmeric, beta sitosterol, hepatoprotector, anti-obesity

Abstrak
Etanol dapat merusak fungsi hati seperti perlemakan hati, hepatitis, dan sirosis. Perlemakan pada hati disebabkan oleh penumpukan lemak pada sel hati. Kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder, kurkumin dengan aktivitas hepatoprotektor yang baik dan dapat mencegah terjadinya obesitas. Beta-sitosterol merupakan senyawa turunan pitosterol yang memiliki potensi sebagai hepatoprotektor yang baik. Pada penelitian dilakukan pengujian mengenai aktivitas kunyit hitam dan beta sitosterol sebagai hepatoprotektor dan anti obesitas. Mencit dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok Normal (N), kelompok beta sitosterol 20 mg/kg BB (BS), kelompok kunyit hitam 6,25% (KH), dan kelompok negatif (KN). Kelompok BS, KH, dan KN diberikan etanol 35% (p.o) selama 2 minggu. Pada hari ke-14 dilakukan pengukuran berat badan dan pembedahan untuk mengamati organ hepar. Hasil menunjukkan terjadi penurunan berat badan pada kelompok KH dibandingkan kelompok normal. Pada kelompok BS tidak terjadi perubahan berat badan. Analisis makroskopik organ hati menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok N, BS, dan KH, tetapi terdapat pembengkakan hati pada kelompok KN. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, diasumsikan bahwa kunyit hitam mencegah naiknya berat badan akibat alkohol yang berlebih dan penurunan nafsu makan, namun tidak pada pemberian beta sitosterol. Beta sitosterol dan kunyit hitam juga dapat mencegah efek hepatotoksik akibat konsumsi alkohol.
Kata Kunci: kunyit hitam, beta sitosterol, hepatoprotektor, anti obesitas
Skrining Fitokimia dan Karakterisasi Minyak Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.)
Authors: Rizqullah Muhammad Azril , Rahim Abdul , Febrina Lizma 
Published: March 2024

Candlenut is an intriguing plant, especially for its activities as a hair strengthener and its antibacterial properties. Various techniques can be employed to obtain candlenut oil, one of which is the roasting method. This method is cost-effective and easy to perform. However, there is currently no information on the phytochemical composition of candlenut oil produced using the roasting method. The aim of this research is to identify the groups of chemical compounds present in candlenut oil and to characterize candlenut oil. The research methodology for screening the phytochemicals in candlenut oil includes testing for alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/terpenoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins. Characterization of candlenut oil includes organoleptic tests, water content analysis, acid value determination, saponification value determination, and density testing. The phytochemical screening results indicate that candlenut oil contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. The characterization results for candlenut oil reveal that it has a yellow color, smooth texture, and a distinctive candlenut oil scent. The water content is 0.01%, the acid value is 5%, the saponification value is 184.1825 mg KOH/g, and the density is 1.03 g/mL. This result shows that the obtained candlenut oil meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for oil.
Keywords: Candlenut, Phytochemical screening, Characterization

Abstrak
Kemiri merupakan tanaman yang menarik, khususnya aktivitasnya sebagai penguat rambut serta aktivitas antibakterinya. Berbagai teknik dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan minyak biji kemiri, salah satunya dengan metode sangrai. Metode ini merupakan metode yang murah dan mudah dilakukan. Namun belum ada informasi fitokimia terhadap minyak kemiri yang dihasilkan dengan metode sangrai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung pada minyak biji kemiri dan mengkarakterisasi minyak biji kemiri. Metode penelitian skrining fitokimia minyak biji kemiri meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid/ terpenoid, tannin, fenol, dan saponin. Karakterisasi minyak biji kemiri meliputi uji organoleptik, uji kadar air, uji bilangan asam, uji bilangan penyabunan, dan uji massa jenis. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji kemiri mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, dan steroid. Hasil yang diperoleh dari karakterisasi minyak biji kemiri yaitu dari organoleptik minyak biji kemiri berwarna kuning, tekstur licin dan berbau khas minyak kemiri, kadar air 0,01%; bilangan asam 5%; bilangan penyabunan 184,1825 mg KOH/ g; massa jenis 1,03 g/ mL. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa minyak biji kemiri yang diperoleh telah sesuai dengan standar SNI minyak.
Kata Kunci: Kemiri, Skrining Fitokimia, Karakterisasi
Validasi Metode dan Penetapan Kadar Kafein Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Rupa Nia Fevniaty , Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Ahmad Islamudin 
Published: March 2024

Caffeine is one of the alkaloids contained in coffee. Caffeine in coffee has clinically useful pharmacological effects, such as stimulating the central nervous system, relieving fatigue and drowsiness. This study aims to determine the validation of the analytical method for determining caffeine content in robusta coffee, where the sample used is coffee from Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The analytical method used to determine caffeine levels in coffee is UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Parameters in method validation are linearity, LOD and LOQ, precision, and accuracy. The validation test performed showed linear results where the value of r2 was 0,9927. The limit value of detection (LOD) obtained is 25,9344 and the value limit quantity (LOQ) obtained is 78,5893. The results of the accuracy test are expressed in %recovery, which is 106,7%. In the final stage a precision test was carried out where the RSD value obtained was 1,5937%. In determining the caffeine content, the caffeine content for Sulawesi coffee was 0,466 mg/g and for Kalimantan coffee was 0,591 mg/g.
Keywords: Caffeine, Spektrophotometry UV-Vis, Method validation

Abstrak
Kafein merupakan salah satu alkaloid yang terkandung dalam kopi. Kafein pada kopi memiliki efek farmakologis yang bermanfaat secara klinis, seperti merangsang sistem saraf pusat, menghilangkan rasa lelah dan mengantuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validasi metode analisis pada penetapan kadar kafein dalam kopi robusta, dimana sampel yang digunakan adalah kopi yang berasal dari Kalimantan dan Sulawesi. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menetapkan kadar kafein dalam kopi adalah spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Parameter pada validasi metode yaitu linearitas, LOD dan LOQ, presisi, dan akurasi. Pengujian validasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan hasil yang linier dimana nilai r2 adalah 0,9927. Nilai limit deteksi (LOD) yang diperoleh adalah 25,9344 dan nilai limit kuantitas (LOQ) yang diperoleh adalah 78,5893. Hasil uji akurasi dinyatakan dalam %recovery yaitu 106,7%. Pada tahap akhir dilakukan uji presisi dimana hasil nilai RSD yang diperoleh adalah 1,5937%. Pada penetapan kadar kafein diperoleh kadar kafein untuk kopi Sulawesi sebesar 0,466 mg/g dan untuk kopi Kalimantan sebesar 0,591 mg/g.
Kata Kunci: Kafein, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Validasi Metode