bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intentions to Participate in Genetics Research among African American Smokers
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes , Gandy Oscar H. , Collier Aliya , Shaker Lee 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Although prior studies have shown that African American smokers are likely to carry some of the genetic variants associated with smoking risk, additional research with African American smokers is needed to replicate these findings. Limited information is available on interest in participating in research to identify genetic risk factors for smoking among African American smokers; therefore, the goals of the present study were to describe intentions to participate in smoking and genetics research, and to determine factors that are associated with participation intentions. Subjects were 128 African American male and female adult smokers. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors, attitudes about genetic testing, and intentions to participate in genetics research were evaluated during a structured telephone interview. Overall, 58% of respondents reported that they would be very likely to participate in research to identify genetic risk factors for smoking. Greater beliefs about the benefits of participating in medical research (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-6.94; P = 0.004) and fewer perceptions of the limitations and risks of genetic testing (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.98; P = 0.01) had significant independent associations with reporting a high likelihood of participating in this type of research. Recruitment messages and protocols that address the benefits of research participation, as well as concerns about the limitations and risks of genetic testing, may enhance African American participation in research on genetics and smoking. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;(15)1:150–3)
A Multilevel Study of Socioeconomic Predictors of Regular Mammography Use Among African-American Women
Authors: Rosenberg Lynn , Wise Lauren A. , Palmer Julie R. , Horton Nicholas J. , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground: Little is known about the predictors of adherence to mammography guidelines by African-American women. We assessed individual-level and group-level socioeconomic predictors of regular mammography use in a large cohort of African-American women.Methods: We included 14,706 participants in the Black Women's Health Study who were 40 to 69 years of age at baseline in 1995. Data were obtained through mail questionnaires at entry and biennially during three 2-year follow-up periods until 2001. We linked the women's addresses to census block (neighborhood) socioeconomic data. With multilevel multivariable regression analysis, we assessed the relation of individual-level and neighborhood socioeconomic factors to “regular” mammography use (use in all three follow-up periods) relative to nonregular use, with control for other predictors.Results: Most participants had health insurance and almost half had graduated college. Having health insurance was the socioeconomic variable most strongly associated with regular mammography use (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval 3.02-4.28); the association was present at all levels of educational attainment, household income, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Regular mammography use increased with individual household income: odds ratio, 2.00 (95% confidence interval, 1.58-2.53) for household income &gt;$100,000 relative to &lt;$15,001. Regular mammography use did not vary across level of education. Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status was significantly associated with regular mammography use before, but not after, control for household income.Conclusions: Access to health insurance is strongly associated with regular mammography use among African-American women, even at higher levels of educational attainment and socioeconomic status. Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics do not materially influence regular use.
p53 Mutation Analysis in Breast Tumors by a DNA Microarray Method
Authors: Tennis Meredith , Krishnan Shiva , Bonner Matthew , Ambrosone Christine B. , Vena John E. , Moysich Kirsten , Swede Helen , McCann Susan , Hall Per , Shields Peter G. , Freudenheim Jo L. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The p53 gene acts as a regulator of cell growth and DNA repair in normal cells; inactivation of the gene seems to lead to cancer. It is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers, and a high-throughput sequencing method is needed for cancer etiology studies using large sample sets. In our population-based case-control study of breast cancer, the p53 gene was amplified by PCR for 392 subjects from seven hospitals in Western New York using the Affymetrix GeneChip technology. One hundred thirty-eight (35%) of the breast tumors had p53 mutations, of which 88% were located in exons 5 to 8. New hotspots were identified at codons 179, 195, 196, 213, 217, 249, 254, 278, 281, and 298, and previously reported hotspots were found at codons 175, 248, and 273. Manual sequencing for exons 5 to 9 of the p53 gene was done for 139 tumors to validate the Affymetrix assay. The two methods had 100% concordance for mutations detectable by the Affymetrix assay. We also successfully assayed paraffin-embedded breast and lung tumors from as early as 1958 and employed a nested PCR strategy to improve weak PCR amplification. To have statistical power, the investigation of gene environment interactions and cancer requires a large number of tumor analyses, which are frequently only available from archived tissue from multiple sources. We have shown the utility of the Affymetrix GeneChip method under these challenging conditions and provided new data for the mutational spectra of breast cancer in a population-based study. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(1):80–5)
Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women and Its Relationship with Cervical Infection
Authors: Hernandez Brenda Y. , McDuffie Katharine , Zhu Xuemei , Wilkens Lynne R. , Killeen Jeffrey , Kessel Bruce , Wakabayashi Mark T. , Bertram Cathy C. , Easa David , Ning Lily , Boyd Jamie , Sunoo Christian , Kamemoto Lori , Goodman Marc T. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer, is also associated with the development of anal cancer. Relatively little is known about the epidemiology of anal HPV infection among healthy females and its relationship to cervical infection. We sought to characterize anal HPV infection in a cohort of adult women in Hawaii. Overall, 27% (372 of 1,378) of women were positive for anal HPV DNA at baseline compared with 29% (692 of 2,372) with cervical HPV DNA. Among women with paired anal and cervical samples, anal infection without accompanying cervical infection was observed in 14% (190 of 1,363). Concurrent anal and cervical HPV infections were observed in 13% (178 of 1,363) of women. Women with cervical HPV infection had &gt;3-fold increased risk of concurrent anal infection. Concurrent anal and cervical HPV infection was most prevalent among the youngest women and steadily decreased through age 50 years. By contrast, the prevalence of anal infection alone remained relatively steady in all age groups. Compared with cervical infections, the overall distribution of HPV genotypes in the anus was more heterogeneous and included a greater proportion of nononcogenic types. A high degree of genotype-specific concordance was observed among concurrent anal and cervical infections, indicating a common source of infection. Nevertheless, the association of anal intercourse with anal HPV infection was limited to those women without accompanying cervical infection. The relationship of anal to cervical infection as described in this study has implications for the development of anal malignancies in women.
Coexpression of β1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V Glycoprotein Substrates Defines Aggressive Breast Cancers with Poor Outcome
Authors: Siddiqui Summar F. , Pawelek John , Handerson Tamara , Lin Chen-Yong , Dickson Robert B. , Rimm David L. , Camp Robert L. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
β1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) catalyzes the addition of complex oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins, regulating the expression and function of several proteins involved in tumor metastasis. We analyzed the expression of five cell-surface glycoprotein substrates of GnT-V, matriptase, β1-integrin, epidermal growth factor receptor, lamp-1, and N-cadherin, on a tissue microarray cohort of 670 breast carcinomas with 30-year follow-up. Phaseolus vulgaris leukocytic phytohemagglutinin (LPHA), a lectin specific for β1,6-branched oligosaccharides, was used to assay GnT-V activity. Our results show a high degree of correlation of the LPHA staining with matriptase, lamp-1, and N-cadherin expressions, but not with epidermal growth factor receptor or β1-integrin expressions. In addition, many of the GnT-V substrate proteins exhibited strong coassociations. Elevated levels of GnT-V substrates were correlated with various markers of tumor progression, including positive node status, large tumor size, estrogen receptor negativity, HER2/neu overexpression, and high nuclear grade. Furthermore, LPHA and matriptase showed significant association with disease-related survival. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the GnT-V substrate protein expression and LPHA revealed two distinct clusters: one with higher expression of all markers and poor patient outcome and one with lower expression and good outcome. These clusters showed independent prognostic value for disease-related survival when compared with traditional markers of tumor progression. Our results indicate that GnT-V substrate proteins represent a unique subset of coexpressed tumor markers associated with aggressive disease.
Levels of C-Peptide and Mammographic Breast Density
Authors: Diorio Caroline , Pollak Michael , Byrne Celia , Mâsse Benoît , Hébert-Croteau Nicole , Yaffe Martin , Coté Gary , Bérubé Sylvie , Brisson Jacques 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMembers of the insulin-like growth factor family have been associated with breast cancer risk and mammographic breast density, one of the strongest known breast cancer risk indicators. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association of levels of C-peptide (a marker of insulin secretion) with mammographic breast density among 1,499 healthy women recruited during screening mammography examinations. At time of mammography, blood samples and time since last meal were collected. Plasma C-peptide levels were measured by ELISA method, and mammographic breast density by a computer-assisted method. Spearman's partial correlation coefficients, adjusting for age and time since last meal (when necessary), were used to evaluate the associations. High body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio measurements were independently correlated with high levels of C-peptide (rs = 0.173 and rs = 0.252, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001) or low breast density (rs = −0.389 and rs = −0.142, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). High levels of C-peptide were correlated with low breast density (rs = −0.210, P &lt; 0.0001). However, the strength of the negative correlation was substantially reduced and was no longer significant after further adjustment for body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio (rs = −0.022, P = 0.41). These results suggest that C-peptide levels are not associated with breast density after complete adjustment for adiposity. Thus, the insulin/C-peptide–breast density relation does not seem to mirror the insulin/C-peptide–breast cancer association.
Migration History, Acculturation, and Breast Cancer Risk in Hispanic Women
Authors: John Esther M. , Phipps Amanda I. , Davis Adam , Koo Jocelyn 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: Migrant studies have shown that breast cancer risk increases in women who move from countries with low incidence rates to countries with high rates. We examined the influence of migration history and acculturation on breast cancer risk in Hispanic women ages 35 to 79 years.
Methods: In a population-based case-control study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area, information on migration history, language usage, and other risk factors for breast cancer was collected through an in-person interview for 991 cases and 1,285 controls.
Results: Breast cancer risk was 50% lower in foreign-born Hispanics than U.S.-born Hispanics. Risk increased with increasing duration of residence in the United States, decreasing age at migration, and increasing acculturation. Among long-term foreign-born residents, risk was lower among Hispanics who moved to the United States at age ≥20 years and those who spoke mostly Spanish. The difference in risk between third-generation or higher-generation Hispanics and recent migrants from rural areas was ∼6-fold in postmenopausal women and 4-fold in premenopausal women. Adjustment for differences in the distribution of breast cancer risk factors greatly attenuated the associations with migration patterns in premenopausal women; reduced risks remained only in those who resided in the United States for &lt;10 years or migrated at age ≥30 years. In postmenopausal women, a 25% to 30% lower risk remained among long-term residents and those who migrated to the United States before age 20 years.
Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of yet unidentified protective factors among both recent premenopausal migrants and postmenopausal migrants. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2905–13)
Joint Effects of the CYP1A1 MspI, ERα PvuII, and ERα XbaI Polymorphisms on the Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Shen Yueping , Li De-Kun , Wu Junqing , Zhang Zibao , Gao Ersheng 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Estrogen-metabolizing gene and estrogen receptor (ER) genes are the possible risk factors implicated in the initiation and development of breast through estrogen tumorigenesis pathway. We examined whether CYP1A1 MspI, ERα PvuII, and ERα XbaI genetic polymorphisms could increase the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women and gene-gene joint effect on the breast cancer risk in a subset from a population-based case-control study conducted in urban Shanghai from January 1, 1998 and November 31, 2001. PCR-RFLP method based on buccal cells was used to examine the three candidate polymorphisms in 282 breast cancer cases and 298 controls. Compared with CYP1A1 MspI m1/m1, the risk of breast cancer was doubled for genotypes CYP1A1 MspI m1/m2 [odds ratio (OR), 1.83; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.24-2.69] and CYP1A1 MspI m2/m2 (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.26-3.85). The association seemed to be stronger among cases diagnosed older than 45 years and women without a family history of breast cancer. ERα PvuII pp and ERα XbaI xx polymorphisms, which are in possible linkage disequilibrium, were both associated with a nonsignificantly elevated risk in all subjects; the associations seemed to be stronger among women with a family history of breast cancer. There seems to be a joint effect on the breast cancer risk between CYP1A1 MspI and ERα XbaI genotypes (m2/m2 and xx; OR, 5.87; 95% CI, 1.38-24.98), between CYP1A1 MspI and ERα PvuII genotypes (m2/m2 and pp; OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.81-7.07), and among all three genotypes (m2/m2, pp, and xx; OR, 8.07; 95% CI, 1.45-44.77). Results of this study indicate that estrogen-metabolizing genes and estrogen receptor may jointly play a role in the etiology of breast cancer. (Cencer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2006;15(2):342–7)
No Evidence of False Reassurance among Women with an Inconclusive BRCA1/2 Genetic Test Result
Authors: Dorval Michel , Gauthier Geneviève , Maunsell Elizabeth , Dugas Michel J. , Rouleau Isabelle , Chiquette Jocelyne , Plante Marie , Laframboise Rachel , Gaudet Michel , Bridge Peter J. ,   INHERIT BRCAs, Simard Jacques 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: Little is known about how women who receive an inconclusive result from BRCA1/2 testing interpret their result. Clinical observations suggest that some of them may be falsely reassured and, consequently, may not adhere to recommended surveillance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether women with inconclusive BRCA1/2 test results are falsely reassured.
Methods: Participants were adult women with a family history suggestive of a germ-line mutation in either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene who underwent genetic testing in the context of the interdisciplinary research program INHERIT BRCAs. Data were collected using selfadministered questionnaires at genetic counseling and 1 month after result disclosure. Reassurance was assessed through indicators of cancer risk perception, cancer worry, relief following result disclosure, painfulness of the test result, and its effect on quality of life.
Results: Five-hundred women (105 carriers, 140 noncarriers, and 255 inconclusive) were included in this analysis. Compared to noncarriers, women with inconclusive results had higher cancer risk perception, were more worried about cancer, were less relieved by their test result, and perceived their quality of life as being more adversely affected by it.
Conclusion: The differences observed between noncarriers and women who received an inconclusive result run counter to the hypothesis that the latter are falsely reassured following BRCA1/2 testing. For clinicians, our findings show the value of taking precautions to fully explain to women that inconclusive results do not rule out the possibility that they still may face a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2862–7)
Effect of Acid Suppression on Molecular Predictors for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Lao-Sirieix Pierre , Roy Amanda , Worrall Claire , Vowler Sarah L. , Gardiner Sue , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for the development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The effect of antireflux therapy on the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is unknown. Acid exposure in vitro induces hyperproliferation via a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent mechanism. Epidemiologic and animal studies suggest that COX inhibitors decrease the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Aim: To study the differential effect of complete compared with incomplete acid suppression on proliferation, apoptosis, and COX-2.
Patients and Methods: Fifty-one patients with Barrett's esophagus who underwent pH monitoring were divided into two groups according to their DeMeester score: 32 acid-suppressed patients (group 1) and 19 patients with abnormally high acid exposure (group 2). Slides from biopsies taken 3 months before and 4 and 12 months after pH monitoring were stained for Mcm2, COX-2, c-myc, and cleaved caspase-3 (marker of apoptosis).
Results: There was no evidence of a difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender ratio, medication, dysplasia status, and the expression levels of any marker before pH monitoring. In group 1, Mcm2 expression decreased in the luminal surface and throughout the tissue 12 months after monitoring when compared with the two previous time points (P &lt; 0.05). The levels of COX-2 increased overtime (P &lt; 0.01 in group 1, not significant in group 2). There was no correlation between Mcm2 and COX-2 expression. Acid suppression had no effect on c-myc or apoptosis.
Conclusion: Long-term acid suppression reduces proliferation in Barrett's esophagus samples but has no advantageous effect on c-myc, apoptosis, or COX-2. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(2):288–93)
Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 Intake and the Risk of Breast Cancer Among Mexican Women
Authors: Lajous Martin , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Hernandez-Avila Mauricio , Willett Walter , Romieu Isabelle 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground: High intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 have been hypothesized to lower the risk for breast cancer. We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the risk for breast cancer among Mexican women with relatively low vitamin intakes.Methods: We included 475 women (median age, 53 years; range, 23-87 years) diagnosed with incident breast cancer through six hospitals in Mexico City and interviewed them to obtain data on breast cancer risk factors and their usual diet using a food frequency questionnaire. We selected 1,391 (median age, 49 years; range, 18-82 years) controls from the Mexico City population using a national sampling frame.Results: Compared with women in the lowest quartile, the odds ratio for breast cancer for women in the highest quartile of folate intake was 0.64 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.45-0.90; P, test for trend = 0.009] and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.22-0.49; P, test for trend &lt; 0.0001) for vitamin B12 intake. Among postmenopausal women, intakes of folate and vitamin B12 were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer and those associations were stronger than among premenopausal women. The inverse association of folate and breast cancer was stronger among women who consumed a high level of vitamin B12 as compared with women consuming diets low in vitamin B12. No association was observed for vitamin B6 intake.Conclusions: In this population, high intakes of folate and vitamin B12 were independently associated with decreased breast cancer risk, particularly among postmenopausal women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(3):443–8)
AIB1 Polymorphisms Predict Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Phenotype
Authors: Li Andrew J. , Lerner Dimitry L. , Gapuzan Maria-Emily R. , Karlan Beth Y. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Purpose: The androgen receptor (AR) harbors a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in exon 1, coding for a polyglutamine tract whose length inversely correlates with AR transactivation function. AIB1, an AR coactivator, expresses a similar polymorphic glutamine sequence within the carboxyl-terminal coding region. We hypothesized that genotypic variations in the androgen-signaling pathway promote aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer biology, and sought to examine the effect of AIB1 genotype on clinical outcome.
Experimental Design: Genotype analysis of the AIB1 CAG repeat region was done on 89 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic factors and survival. Data were examined using the χ2 test and Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses.
Results: We identified four AIB1 genotypes, with glutamine codon lengths of 26, 28, 29, and 30. Patients with a short AIB1 genotype (with ≤28 CAG repeats) showed statistically shorter time to disease recurrence compared to those with a long genotype (≥29 CAG repeats; 15.0 versus 30.0 months; P = 0.01). Patients with short AIB1 also showed decreased overall survival (57.0 months) compared to those with a long genotype (median survival not yet reached; P = 0.02). When controlling for established prognostic factors, multivariate analysis identified the presence of a short AIB1 genotype as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.05).
Conclusions: These data suggest that short AIB1 genotypes may promote aggressive malignant phenotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2919–22)