bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Al(OH)3/PMMA nanocomposites by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Park S. Y. , Park E. J. , Lee M. Y. , Park C. , Kim H. G. , Jeong E. D. , Lim K. T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAl(OH)3/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared by the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of surface‐functionalized Al(OH)3 particles. Nanosized Al(OH)3 particles were previously functionalized with a silane coupling agent, 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (γ‐MPS), which was confirmed by FT‐IR and XRF analysis. The average size of seed particles was around 70 nm, and the density of the coupling agent on the particles was calculated to be 8.9 µmol m−2. The emulsion polymerization was attempted at relatively high solid content of 40–46 wt%. The ratio of the seed particles to MMA had a strong influence on the stability of latex as well as the morphology of composites. Nanocomposites where several PMMA nodules were attached on the surface of Al(OH)3 core were produced with stable latex emulsion when the weight percents of Al(OH)3 to MMA were below 20. In the case of higher ratio of 30%, however, the latexes became unstable with an aggregation, and the product morphology was in the shape of large composite. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an improved thermal stability of PMMA composites with the incorporation of Al(OH)3 nanoparticles. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analysis of α‐Gal and new non‐Gal carbohydrate epitopes from specific pathogen‐free miniature pig kidney
Authors: Kim Yun‐Gon , Gil Geun‐Cheol , Harvey David J. , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Galα1‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc‐R (α‐Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells. In this study, totalN‐glycans from membrane glycoproteins derived from specific pathogen‐free miniature pig kidney are identified by MALDI‐TOF, negative ion ESI MS/MS and normal‐phase HPLC (NP‐HPLC) combined with exoglycosidase digestion. Over 100N‐glycans, including sialylated and neutral types, were identified. As well as the known α‐Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non‐Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc‐Gal‐GlcNAc) and Galα1‐3Lewisx(Gal‐Gal‐(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before inN‐glycans from pig organs. The ability of MALDI, ESI, and HPLC to measure the relative proportions of the glycans was evaluated. The HPLC resolution was insufficient for accurate work and some minor differences were noted in the ionization efficiencies of different glycan groups when measured by the two mass spectrometric techniques. However, the results indicated that the relative quantity of α‐Gal epitope was in the region of 50% of the complex glycans. High‐mannose type glycans were also abundant (35–43%) but appeared to be ionized more efficiently than the complex glycans by ESI than by MALDI.
Functionalized poly(phenylene‐alt‐bithiophenes): Synthesis, chiroptical properties, and interaction with chiral amines
Authors: Vangheluwe Marnix , Verbiest Thierry , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNew functionalized, (a)chiral poly(phenylene‐alt‐bithiophene)s were prepared and their chiroptical properties were studied. The polymers were prepared by a Stille coupling reaction and were functionalized with protected carboxylic acid and amino functions (tert‐butyl ester and BOC respectively). The polymers are present as well conjugated rigid rods in solution, which (chirally) aggregate in nonsolvents and film. In a next step, the protecting group (tert‐butyl ester in case of the carboxylic acid) was removed. Aggregation of this polymer can be induced by addition of amines; if chiral amines are used, the polymer chains chirally stack. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4817–4829, 2008
Syntheses of polyolefin‐based stereoregular diblock copolymers for self‐assembled nanostructures
Authors: Lin Wen‐Fu , Hsiao Ting‐Jui , Tsai Jing‐Cherng , Chung Tsai‐Ming , Ho Rong‐Ming 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe preparation of polyolefin‐based stereoregular diblock copolymers by postpolymerization of ethenyl‐capped syndiotactic polypropylene‐based propylene/norbornene copolymer (sPP‐based P‐N copolymer) led to the successful generation of a structurally uniform stereoregular diblock copolymer for self‐assembly studies. The ethenyl‐capped prepolymer was prepared by conducting propylene/norbornene copolymerization in the presence of Me2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2/MAO. Ozonolysis of ethenyl‐capped sPP‐based P‐N copolymer provided the formyl group end‐capped, end‐functionalized prepolymer with a quantitative functional group conversion ratio. Subsequently, connecting the formyl end‐group of the stereoregular prepolymer by coupling with living anionic polystyrene resulted in the high yield production of stereoregular diblock copolymer (sPP‐based P‐N‐block‐polystyrene), which is difficult to prepare by other methods. The resulting stereoregular diblock copolymer possesses precise chemical architecture to self‐organize into consistent nanostructures as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4843–4856, 2008
Cognitive effects of chemotherapy in post‐menopausal breast cancer patients 1 year after treatment
Authors: Collins Barbara , Mackenzie Joyce , Stewart Angela , Bielajew Catherine , Verma Shailendra 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: Studies in breast cancer patients indicate that chemotherapy may cause subtle cognitive disturbances in some women, but the course is unclear. The current study evaluated the cognitive effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in post‐menopausal breast cancer patients 1 year following completion of treatment.Patients and methods: Breast cancer patients scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n=53) completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing before commencing chemotherapy (T1), 1 month after completing chemotherapy (T2), and again 1 year later (T3). A control group of women receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy (n=40) was tested at comparable intervals. A standardized regression‐based approach was used to identify cognitive decline, and incidence of decline was compared across treatment groups.Results: Whereas at T2, chemotherapy patients were more likely to show cognitive decline than hormonal patients, by T3, the frequency of reliable cognitive decline was the same in both groups (11 and 10%, respectively). However, those chemotherapy patients receiving hormonal therapy at T3 were inferior to the chemotherapy patients not receiving hormonal treatment on composite measures of processing speed and verbal memory.Conclusion: These data suggest that there is a subtle negative impact of chemotherapy on cognitive function in breast cancer patients shortly following completion of treatment, but that this resolves within 1 year. However, given that our control group comprises breast cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy, and indications that hormonal therapy may also adversely affect cognition, such conclusions must be considered tentative. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles study of the structural stability and electronic structures of TaN
Authors: Cao C. L. , Hou Z. F. , Yuan G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUsing the plane‐wave pseudopotential method within the generalized gradient approximation, we have studied the structural stability and electronic structures for several TaN phases. Our results show CoSn is the calculated ground‐state structure of TaN among the five crystallographic structures that have been studied. The order of energetic stability of phase structures of TaN from low to high is: CsCl < ZnS‐B3 < NaCl < WC < CoSn. The higher stability of TaN in the CoSn and WC structures is due to the formation of pseudogap around the Fermi level and the stronger hybridization between N‐2p states and Ta‐5d states. TaN in all structures studied has a metallic nature. The calculated bulk modulus indicates that TaN in the WC structure may be a less compressible material. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cytotoxic constituents from Andrographis paniculata induce cell cycle arrest in jurkat cells
Authors: Geethangili Madamanchi , Rao Yerra Koteswara , Fang Shih‐Hua , Tzeng Yew‐Min 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHerbal medicines are now attracting attention as potential sources of anticancer agents. Andrographis paniculata is a traditionally used anticancer herb in Indian and Chinese herbal medicine. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of this herb resulted in the isolation of 14 compounds including flavonoids and labdane diterpenoids. This is the first isolation of compound 6 from a natural source, and the aerial parts of A. paniculata are a rich source for the molecule andrographolide (9, 1.375%, w/w). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of spectral data. The cytotoxic activities of these isolates were evaluated against Jurkat, PC‐3, HepG2 and Colon 205 tumor cells, and normal cells PBMCs. The bioactivity assays showed that metabolites 1–4 and 6–8 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against Jurkat, PC‐3 and Colon 205 cell lines, where compound 6 had IC50 values of 0.05, 0.07 and 0.05 mm, respectively. Further, among these effective compounds, 3 and 6 selectively blocked the cell cycle progression at G0/G1, while 1, 2, 4, 7 and 8 blocked the same at G2/M phase of the Jurkat cell line. This is the first cell cycle analysis for the above mentioned isolates on the Jurkat cells. Therefore, these plant‐derived compounds may play a role in the prevention and/or management of cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of amodiaquine bulk drug impurities by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Dongre Vaijanath G. , Karmuse Pravin P. , Ghugare Pradip D. , Kanojiya Sunil K , Rawal Sadanand 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree unknown impurities in an amodiaquine bulk drug sample were detected by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) method is described for the investigation of these impurities. Mass spectral data were acquired on an LCQ ion trap mass analyzer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in positive ion mode. The fragmentation behavior of amodiaquine and its impurities has been studied. Based on the mass spectral data and the specifics of the synthetic route, the possible structures of these impurities were elucidated as 4‐[(5‐chloroquinolin‐4‐yl)amino]‐2‐(diethylaminomethyl)phenol (impurity I), 4‐[(7‐chloroquinolin‐4‐yl)‐amino]phenol (impurity II) and 4‐[(7‐chloroquinolin‐4‐yl)amino]‐2‐(diethylaminomethyl)‐N1‐oxy]phenol (impurity III). The structures were confirmed by their independent synthesis and NMR spectral assignment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting of complex hydrocarbon mixtures: application to crude oils using data mining techniques
Authors: Nguyen Hien P. , Ortiz Israel P. , Temiyasathit Chivalai , Kim Seoung Bum , Schug Kevin A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCrude oil fingerprints were obtained from four crude oils by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) using a silver nitrate cationization reagent. Replicate analyses produced spectral data with a large number of features for each sample (>11 000 m/z values) which were statistically analyzed to extract useful information for their differentiation. Individual characteristic features from the data set were identified by a false discovery rate based feature selection procedure based on the analysis of variance models. The selected features were, in turn, evaluated using classification models. A substantially reduced set of 23 features was obtained through this procedure. One oil sample containing a high ratio of saturated/aromatic hydrocarbon content was easily distinguished from the others using this reduced set. The other three samples were more difficult to distinguish by LDI‐MS using a silver cationization reagent; however, a minimal number of significant features were still identified for this purpose. Focus is placed on presenting this multivariate statistical method as a rapid and simple analytical procedure for classifying and distinguishing complex mixtures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast and direct screening of solid materials for their potential liberation of hydrophobic organic compounds using hot cell membrane inlet mass spectrometry
Authors: Lauritsen Frants R. , Jensen Anders , Nielsen Claus H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate that solid materials can be screened directly and without any pretreatment for their potential liberation of chemicals into the surroundings using a hot (150–250°C) sample cell membrane inlet mass spectrometer with electron ionization. Three very different types of solids were tested: polymers (in this context regarded as a solid), tea leaves and pesticide‐contaminated soil. From the polymers phthalates and other additives were liberated; from the tea leaves flavor additives and caffeine were liberated; and from the contaminated soil degradation products of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5‐T) were liberated. In all cases we detected characteristic compounds directly from the untreated sample with an analytical turnover of 8–10 samples per hour. Improved selectivity of compounds penetrating the membrane was achieved either by operating the hot cell at different temperatures or by using variations in the time trend of individual ions following insertion of a piece of the solid material into the hot cell. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in fish communities following recolonization of the Cedar River, WA, USA by Pacific salmon after 103 years of local extirpation
Authors: Kiffney Peter M. , Pess George R. , Anderson Joseph H. , Faulds P. , Burton K. , Riley Stephen C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMigration barriers are a major reason for species loss and population decline of freshwater organisms. Significant efforts have been made to remove or provide passage around these barriers; however, our understanding of the ecological effects of these efforts is minimal. Installation of a fish passage facility at the Landsburg Dam, WA, USA provided migratory fish access to habitat from which they had been excluded for over 100 years. Relying on voluntary recruitment, we examined the effectiveness of this facility in restoring coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon populations above the diversion, and whether reintroduction of native anadromous species affected the distribution and abundance of resident trout (O. mykiss and O. clarki). Before the ladder, late summer total salmonid (trout only) density increased with distance from the dam. This pattern was reversed after the ladder was opened, as total salmonid density (salmon + trout) approximately doubled in the three reaches closest to the dam. These changes were primarily due to the addition of coho, but small trout density also increased in lower reaches and decreased in upper reaches. A nearby source population, dispersal by adults and juveniles, low density of resident trout and high quality habitat above the barrier likely promoted rapid colonization of targeted species. Our results suggest that barrier removal creates an opportunity for migratory species to re‐establish populations leading to range expansion and potentially to increased population size. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing header file include directives
Authors: Spinellis Diomidis 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA number of widely used programming languages use lexically included files as a way to share and encapsulate declarations, definitions, code, and data. As the code evolves files included in a compilation unit are often no longer required, yet locating and removing them is a haphazard operation, which is therefore neglected. The difficulty of reasoning about included files stems primarily from the fact that the definition and use of macros complicates the notions of scope and of identifier boundaries. By defining four successively refined identifier equivalence classes we can accurately derive dependencies between identifiers. A mapping of those dependencies on a relationship graph between included files can then be used to determine included files that are not required in a given compilation unit and can be safely removed. We validate our approach through a number of experiments on numerous large production systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negotiating a supply contract in China. Case comment: Negotiating a supply contract in China
Authors: Chen Min , Nudelman Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis case highlights the challenges inherent in strategy implementation in the Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) context, especially the impact of cultural context on the negotiation process. It also illustrates the role that multiple providers within a global supply chain can play in strengthening a negotiator's hand. The accompanying commentary from Robert Nudelman, an executive with extensive business development experience in Asia, offers suggestions for companies contemplating market entry into China, including the importance of having the right people involved in a negotiation. He also emphasizes the importance of prenegotiation planning to the outcome of the negotiation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonographic birth‐weight prediction in obese patients using the gestation‐adjusted prediction method
Authors: Thornburg L. L. , Barnes C. , Glantz J. C. , Pressman E. K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesUltrasound birth‐weight prediction may be more accurate if assessed at 34 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation and extrapolated using the gestation‐adjusted projection (GAP) method than if done at term. Because ultrasound is less accurate in women with elevated body mass index (BMI), we assessed the accuracy of GAP birth‐weight prediction in obese as compared to non‐obese women.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 1382 women with singleton pregnancies who had undergone fetal ultrasound examination at between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks, subclassified by pre‐pregnancy BMI. Analysis of variance was used to compare predicted and actual birth weight.Results1025 controls and 357 obese women were included. The obese women were divided by BMI: 159 in Class I (BMI, 30–34.9 kg/m2); 105 in Class II (BMI, 35–40 kg/m2) and 93 in Class III (BMI > 40 kg/m2). Mean systematic (percent) birth‐weight prediction error was within 4% for all groups, with a 95% error range between − 5% and + 5%. The GAP method was able to predict actual birth weight within 20% for all groups in over 90% of cases. For all groups, the GAP method correctly excluded the presence of macrosomia with ≥ 90% specificity. Negative likelihood ratios for the prediction of macrosomia were between 0.4 and 0.6 for all groups, regardless of obesity.ConclusionsThe GAP method of birth‐weight prediction using ultrasound measurement at 34 to 36 + 6 weeks predicts birth weight within 20% error in over 90% of cases, and is able to exclude macrosomia with over 90% accuracy regardless of maternal BMI. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex Topology of Uranyl Polyphosphate Frameworks: Crystal Structures of α‐, β‐K[(UO2)(P3O9)] and K[(UO2)2(P3O10)]
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Depmeier Wulf , Knorr Karsten 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree new uranyl polyphosphates, α‐K[(UO2)(P3O9)] (1), β‐K[(UO2)(P3O9)] (2), and K[(UO2)2(P3O10)] (3), were prepared by high‐temperature solid‐state reactions. The crystal structures of the compounds have been solved by direct methods: 1 – monoclinic, P21/m, a = 8.497(1), b = 15.1150(1), c = 14.7890(1) Å, β = 91.911(5)°, V = 1898.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0734 for 4181 unique reflections with |F0| ≥ 4σF; 2 – monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.607(1), b = 14.842(2), c = 14.951(1) Å, β = 95.829(5)°, V = 1900.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0787 for 3185 unique reflections with |F0| ≥ 4σF; 3 – Pbcn, a = 10.632(1), b = 10.325(1), c = 11.209(1) Å, V = 1230.5(2) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0364 for 1338 unique reflections with |F0| ≥ 4σF. In the structures of 1 and 2, phosphate tetrahedra share corners to form infinite [PO3]− chains, whereas, in the structure of 3, tetrahedra form linear [P3O10]5− trimers. The structures are based upon 3‐D frameworks of U and P polyhedra linked by sharing common O corners. The infinite [PO3]− chains in the structures of 1 and 2 are parallel to [100] and [–101], respectively. The uranyl polyphosphate frameworks are occupied by host K+ cations.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Fluorescent Properties of Two 2,2′‐Biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate‐based Cadmium(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Dai Pei‐Xia , Yang En‐Cui , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Zhao Xiao‐Jun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo metal‐organic coordination polymers with one‐dimensional infinite chain motif, [Cd(bqdc)(phen)2]n (1) and [Co(bqdc)(phen)(H2O)2]n (2) (H2bqdc = 2,2′‐biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline), have been synthesized under similar solv/hydrothermal conditions and fully structural characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Their thermal stability and photoluminescence properties were further investigated by TG‐DTA and fluorescence spectra. In both complexes, the adjacent metal ions (CdII for 1 and CoII for 2) are linked together by dicarboxylate groups of bqdc dianions in chelating bidentate and monodentate modes, respectively, generating a zigzag chain for 1 and linear chain for 2. The relatively higher thermal stability up to 324 °C for 1 and strong fluorescence emissions jointly suggest that they are good candidates for luminescent materials.
Pr6C2‐Doppeltetraeder in Pr6C2Cl10 und Pr6C2Cl5Br5
Authors: Schaloske Manuel C. , Mattausch Hansjürgen , Kienle Lorenz , Simon Arndt 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPr6C2‐Bitetrahedra in Pr6C2Cl10 and Pr6C2Cl5Br5The compounds Pr6C2Cl10 and Pr6C2Cl5Br5 are prepared by heating stoichiometric mixtures of Pr, PrCl3, PrBr3 and C in sealed Ta capsules at 810 − 820 °C. They form bulky transparent yellow to green and moisture sensitive crystals which have different structures: space groups C2/c, (a = 13.687(3) Å, b = 8.638(2) Å, c = 15.690(3) Å, β = 97.67(3)° for Pr6C2Cl10 and a = 13.689(1) Å, b = 10.383(1) Å, c = 14.089(1) Å, β = 106.49(1)° for Pr6C2Cl5Br5). Both crystal structures contain C‐centered Pr6C2 bitetrahedra, linked via halogen atoms above edges and corners in different ways. The site selective occupation of the halogen positions in Pr6C2Cl5Br5 is refined in a split model and analysed with the bond length‐bond strength formalism. The compound is further characterized via TEM investigations and magnetic measurements (μeff = 3.66 μB).
Polymorphism of Copper(I) Halide π‐Complexes: Synthesis and Structure of a New Modification of [Cu2Cl2(CH2=CH–CH2)2O]
Authors: Olijnyk V. V. , Filinchuk Y. E. , Lenkivs'ka T. P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new polymorph of [Cu2Cl2(CH2=CH–CH2)2O] has been obtained by an alternating‐current electrochemical synthesis starting from CuCl2 and triallylphosphite. Diallylether was obtained in statu nascendi via transetherification of triallylphosphite. The structure is monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 7.6738(7), b = 6.5128(4), c = 18.2689(18) Å, β = 91.644(11)°, V = 912.67(13) Å3 (at 150 K), Z = 4; R1 = 0.0339, wR2 = 0.0822. Flexibility of the organic ligand and weak interactions copper···halogen have been identified as the main reasons enabling polymorphism in molecular π‐complexes of copper(I).