bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and gas barrier properties of polyethylene‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Jacquelot E. , Espuche E. , Gérard J.‐F. , Duchet J. , Mazabraud P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNanocomposites were processed by melt blending two reference matrices, a metallocene polyethylene and a low density maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene with an organo‐modified montmorillonite. It was shown that the introduction of a maleated polyethylene compatibilizer was required to improve the clay nanoplatelet dispersion in the metallocene polyethylene‐based nanocomposites. Increasing the montmorillonite content led to a significant increase of the barrier properties. Interfacial agents such as oxidized paraffins were shown to be more effective to reduce the gas permeability than maleated polyethylene and the dependence of the gas transport properties was discussed not only as a function of the clay dispersion but also as a function of the clay/compatibilizer and compatibilizer/matrix interactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 431–440, 2006
Fine structure and phase transition behavior of fluorinated comb copolymers
Authors: Masuya Ryosuke , Ninomiya Naoya , Fujimori Atsuhiro , Nakahara Hiroo , Masuko Toru 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe fine structure in the solid state and phase transition behavior of newly synthesized comb copolymers having fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon side‐chains were investigated by temperature controlled wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the WAXD profiles, two kinds of short spacing peaks based on the formation of the subcell for fluorinated and hydrogenated side‐chains were confirmed at 5.0 and 4.1 Å, respectively. Furthermore, two kinds of endothermic peaks, which corresponded to melting peaks of both side‐chain crystals, appeared in heating process of the DSC thermograms. From these experimental findings, the phase separation structure having the independently packed immiscible side‐chain crystalline was formed in the whole polymer crystal. In addition, it was found that these comb polymers formed highly ordered (double) layer structure estimated using WAXD and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). These fluorinated comb copolymers form a monolayer on the water surface and their transferred film with phase‐separated structure at nanometer size on solid. There were hydrogenated domains at 10–20 nm diameter scales in these phase separated surface structure of monolayers. From these experimental results, these copolymer monolayers are expected to be used as a new molecular device such as nanolithography based on the surface patterning of polymer nanomaterials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 416–425, 2006
Surface properties of binary blend films of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) and poly(vinyl alcohol) with sodium alginate
Authors: Çaykara Tuncer , Demirci Serkan , Eroğlu Mehmet S. , Güven Olgun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBlends of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with sodium alginate (NaAlg) were prepared via casting from aqueous solutions. All the obtained blend films were optically clear to the naked eye. The surface properties of the films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact‐angle measurements. The surface free energy components of the blend films were calculated from contact‐angle data of various liquids with the Van Oss–Good methodology. It was determined that both the Lifshitz–van der Waals component and the electron‐donor component of the surface free energy of the blend films decreased with an increase in the NaAlg content to a considerable extent. However, the electron‐acceptor component of these blends increased with increasing NaAlg content. The surfaces of both the PVP/NaAlg and PVA/NaAlg blends were enriched in the low surface free energy component, that is, NaAlg. This conclusion was further confirmed by AFM image observation of the surface morphology of these blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 426–430, 2006
Strengthening of structures with advanced FRPs
Authors: Triantafillou T C 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis review highlights the basic concepts involved in using a relatively new class of civil engineering materials, namely fibre‐reinforced polymers (FRP), as strengthening materials of reinforced concrete (RC), masonry and other structures. After a brief introduction to FRP, analysis, design and practical execution concepts are described first for the flexural, shear and axial capacity strengthening of RC elements using epoxy‐bonded FRP sheets. Similar concepts are also presented for masonry, which may be strengthened using either bonded or unbonded FRP. A brief reference is also made to other structures (timber, steel) and field applications. Finally, conclusions are drawn, focusing on the applicability of FRP in structural rehabilitation.
Concrete‐filled fabricated steel box columns for multistorey buildings: behaviour and design
Authors: Uy Brian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article reviews the behaviour and design of short concrete‐filled steel box columns in multistorey buildings for gravity loading. The development of these columns is discussed and some major building projects which have utilized this concept are described. A thorough review of current research of these columns is given which highlights the construction, service and ultimate load behaviour. The paper addresses the fundamental behaviour of concrete‐filled steel columns and then summarizes the approach of current international standards for their design. Design recommendations for all the pertinent loading cases are given and further research is also suggested to supplement international code requirements.
Wind loading of structures: application of probabilistic methods
Authors: Holmes J D 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article reviews the application of probability theory and statistical analysis to wind loading of structures, a field which has developed considerably during the last 30 years. The article contains major sections on: prediction of design wind speeds, use of random process models in wind engineering, wind loads and structural reliability, and future directions. An extensive list of 60 important references and reading material has been compiled from the now vast literature.
Green's function calculations for semi‐infinite carbon nanotubes
Authors: John D. L. , Pulfrey D. L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the modeling of nanoscale electronic devices, the non‐equilibrium Green's function technique is gaining increasing popularity. One complication in this method is the need for computation of the “self‐energy” functions that account for the interactions between the active portion of a device and its leads. In the one‐dimensional case, these functions may be computed analytically. In higher dimensions, a numerical approach is required. In this work, we generalize earlier methods that were developed for tight‐binding Hamiltonians, and present results for the case of a carbon nanotube. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of prolate and near spherical geometries of mid‐sized silicon clusters
Authors: Marim L. R. , Lemes M. R. , Dal Pino A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have applied a new strategy to search for the ground‐state geometry of silicon clusters. It is a knowledge‐based procedure that severely restricts the search space. Detailed analysis of the geometry of small clusters indicates the ubiquitous presence of certain structural elements. These elements can be created from smaller units already present in a cluster. Such investigation leads to the proposal of assembly procedures (CAP's). Starting with optimized structures of small clusters, we apply one or more CAP's to create larger clusters. This approach generates the initial population for a genetic algorithm. This procedure is tested on mid‐sized silicon clusters because they show an intriguing coexistence of two different shapes: a prolate and a more spherical structures. Our method proved so efficient that for most test cases Sin(7 ≤n≤ 10 and 14 ≤n≤ 18) a simple local optimization procedure could find almost degenerate clusters of both shapes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transversal confined polar optical phonons in spherical quantum‐dot/quantum‐well nanostructures
Authors: Comas F. , Trallero‐Giner C. , Prado S. J. , Marques G. E. , Roca E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractConfined polar optical phonons are studied in a spherical quantum‐dot/quantum‐well (QD/QW) nanostructure by using an approach that takes into account the coupling of electromechanical oscillations and is valid in the long‐wave limit. This approach was developed a few years ago and provides results beyond the usually applied dielectric continuum approach (DCA), where just the electric aspect of the oscillations is considered. In the present paper we limit ourselves to the study of the so‐called uncoupled modes, having a purely transversal character and not involving an electric potential. We display the dispersion curves for the frequencies considering three possible nanostructures, which show different bulk phonon curvatures near the Brillouin zone Γ‐point and have been actually grown: ZnS/CdSe, CdSe/CdS and CdS/HgS. A detailed discussion of the results obtained is made, emphasizing the novelties provided by our treatment and the relevance of infrared spectroscopy in the characterization of the geometrical features of the QD/QW nanostructure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic properties of TM3[Cr(CN)6]2·n H2O
Authors: Zentková M. , Mihalik M. , Kováč J. , Zentko A. , Mitróová Z. , Lukáčová M. , Kavečanský V. , Kiss L. F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMagnetization measurements performed on Prussian blue analogs TM2+3[CrIII(CN)6]2·n H2O (TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) confirmed the dual character of the exchange interaction (antiferromagnetic AFM and ferromagnetic FM) in this system. AFM interaction dominates for the Cr2+ sample and with rising atomic number Z the FM interaction becomes more important reaching pure FM character for the Cu2+ sample. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sequence dependence of electronic transport in DNA
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio , Römer Rudolf A. , Turner Matthew S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study electronic transport in long DNA chains using the tight‐binding approach for a ladder‐like model of DNA. We find insulating behavior with localizaton lengths ξ ≈ 25 in units of average base‐pair seperation. Furthermore, we observe small, but significant differences between λ‐DNA, centromeric DNA, promoter sequences as well as random‐ATGC DNA. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Diamminmagnesiumdiazid Mg(NH3)2(N3)2
Authors: Karau Friedrich , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPreparation and Crystal Structure of Diammin Magnesium Diazide Mg(NH3)2(N3)2Diammin magnesium diazide was synthesized from Mg3N2 and NH4N3 in liquid ammonia and crystallized at 150 °C under autogenous atmosphere of HN3 and NH3 using sealed ampoules. Mg(NH3)2(N3)2 is a colorless, microcrystalline powder which can detonate above 180 °C. Caution, preparation and manipulation of Mg(NH3)2(N3)2 is very dangerous! The crystal structure was solved from powder data using the Patterson method and a Rietveld refinement was performed (Mg(NH3)2(N3)2, I 4/m, no. 87; a = 6.3519(1), c = 7.9176(2) Å; Z = 2, R(F2)= 0.1162). The crystal structure of Mg(NH3)2(N3)2 is related to that of SnF4. It consists of planes built up from corner sharing Mg(NH3)2(N3)4 octahedra connected equatorially over their four azide bridges with the ammonia ligands being in trans position. IR data were collected and interpreted in accordance with the structural data.
Synthese, Kristallstruktur und festkörper‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung neuer Oxonitridosilicate der Mischkristallreihe Ba4−xCaxSi6N10O
Authors: Stadler Florian , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe new oxonitridosilicates Ba4−xCaxSi6N10O have been synthesized by means of high‐temperature synthesis in a radio‐frequency furnace, starting from calcium, barium, silicon diimide and amorphous silicon dioxide. The maximum reaction temperature was at about 1450 °C. The solid solution series Ba4−xCaxSi6N10O with a phase width 1.81 ≤ x ≤ 2.95 was obtained. The crystal structure of Ba1.8Ca2.2Si6N10O was determined by X‐ray single‐crystal structure determination (P213, no. 198), a = 1040.2(1) pm, Z = 4, wR2 = 0.082). It can be described as a highly condensed network of corner‐sharing SiN4 and SiON3 tetrahedra, the voids of which are occupied by the alkaline earth ions. The structure is isotypic with that of BaEu(Ba0.5Eu0.5)YbSi6N11. In the 29Si solid‐state MAS‐NMR spectrum two isotropic resonances at −50.0 and −53.6 ppm were observed.
Syntheses and Spectroscopic Study of Some New N‐4‐Fluorobenzoyl Phosphoric Triamides; Crystal Structures of 4‐F‐C6H4C(O)N(H)P(O)R2, R = NH‐C(CH3)3, NH‐CH2C6H5, N(CH3)(CH2C6H5)
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Shariatinia Zahra , Pourayoubi Mehrdad 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSome new N‐4‐Fluorobenzoyl phosphoric triamides with formula 4‐F‐C6H4C(O)N(H)P(O)X2, X = NH‐C(CH3)3 (1), NH‐CH2‐CH=CH2 (2), NH‐CH2C6H5 (3), N(CH3)(C6H5) (4), NH‐CH(CH3)(C6H5) (5) were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 1, 3 and 4 were investigated by X‐ray crystallography. The P=O and C=O bonds in these compounds are anti. Compounds 1 and 3 form one dimensional polymeric chain produced by intra‐ and intermolecular ‐P=O···H‐N‐ hydrogen bonds. Compound 4 forms only a centrosymmetric dimer in the crystalline lattice via two equal ‐P=O···H‐N‐ hydrogen bonds. 1H and 13C NMR spectra show two series of signals for the two amine groups in compound 1. This is also observed for the two α‐methylbenzylamine groups in 5 due to the presence of chiral carbon atom in molecule. 13C NMR spectrum of compound 4 shows that 2J(P,Caliphatic) coupling constant for CH2 group is greater than for CH3 in agreement with our previous study. Mass spectra of compounds 1‐3 (containing 4‐F‐C6H4C(O)N(H)P(O) moiety) indicate the fragments of amidophosphoric acid and 4‐F‐C6H4CN+ that formed in a pseudo McLafferty rearrangement pathway. Also, the fragments of aliphatic amines have high intensity in mass spectra.
Syntheses and Characterizations of Two Palladium(II) Complexes of 5‐Mercapto‐1‐methyltetrazole
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ling , Shi Qian , Bi Wen‐Hua , Li Xing , Cao Rong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractReaction of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 with the sodium salt of 5‐mercapto‐1‐methyltetrazole (MetzSNa) in methanol solution affords an interesting dinuclear palladium complex [Pd2(MetzS)4 ] (1). However, treatment of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 with neutral MetzSH ligand in methanol solution produces a mononuclear palladium complex [Pd(MetzSH)4]Cl2 (2). Both complexes were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallography. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of two complexes lead to the elucidation of the structures and show that 1 possesses an asymmetric structure: one Pd atom is tetracoordinated by three sulfur atoms and one nitrogen atom to form PdS3N coordination sphere, the other Pd atom is tetracoordinated by three nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom to form PdSN3 coordination sphere. The molecules of 1 are associated to 1‐D infinite linear chain by weak intermolecular Pd···S contacts in the crystal lattice. In 2, the Pd atom lies on an inversion center and has a square‐planar coordination involving the S atoms from four MetzSH ligands. The two chloride ions are not involved in coordination, but are engaged in hydrogen bonding.
Genetic heterogeneity of membrane‐bound β‐glucosidase in Gaucher's disease
Authors: Carroll M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMembrane‐bound β‐glucosidase of leukocytes exists in two forms, one with optimal activity at about pH 4.5, whereas the other is most active at pH 5.5–6.0. In one case of type 1 (adult) Gaucher's disease, the pH 4.5 activity was totally deficient, but the pH 5.5 activity was present in normal amounts; obligate heterozygotes had half the normal activity at pH 4.5. In two different cases, the membrane‐bound β‐glucosidase was completely absent when assayed at either pH 4.5 or pH 5.5. Two further cases had residual activity at both pH values; however, the residual enzymes had different thermostability properties than the corresponding enzymes of control leukocytes. The results are consistent with the existence of at least three genetic variants of type 1 (adult) Gaucher's disease.
Complementation analysis in fibroblasts from eight patients with clinically different forms of citrullinaemia
Authors: Kennaway N. G. , Curtis H. C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have examined the possibility of genetic heterogeneity in citrullinaemia by measuring the incorporation of [14C]citrulline into protein in PEG‐induced heterokaryons derived from paired combinations of fibroblasts from eight patients with varying forms of the disease. The results are compatible with interallelic, but not intergenic, complementation in several of these fusions.
Pyrimidine and purine metabolites in ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency
Authors: Webster D. R. , Simmonds H. A. , Barry D. M. J. , Becroft D. M. O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDetailed biochemical studies have been carried out in a female heterozygote for ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) deficiency. Increased levels of the pyrimidines, orotic acid, uridine and uracil, were observed in plasma as well as urine by utilizing an adaptation of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Urinary clearances of these compounds were high, that of orotic acid indicating net secretion. Urinary uric acid clearance was also elevated, a finding attributed to the uricosuric effect of the orotic acid excreted concomitantly. The results in this child and her family are typical of OCT deficiency. They confirm considerable genetic heterogeneity in the biochemical as well as clinical expression in this defect.
Pterin metabolism in normal subjects and hyperphenylalaninaemic patients
Authors: Dhondt J. L. , Farriaux J. P. , Largilliere C. , Dautrevaux M. , Ardouin P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe application of high performance liquid chromatography to the estimation of urinary pterins is illustrated by results from normal subjects and from patients with phenylketonuria, dihydropteridine reductase deficiency and biopterin synthetase deficiency. In normal subjects following a phenylalanine load there is a temporary increase in pterin elimination, the pattern being different to that seen in chronic hyperphenylalaninaemia.
Use of α‐methylphenylalanine for studies of brain development in experimental phenylketonuria
Authors: Huether G. , Neuhoff V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExperimental phenylketonuria was induced in newborn rats by administration ofl‐phenylalanine and α‐methylphenylalanine. There was no primary disturbance of myelination, but reduced cell proliferation, early cell death and compensatory hyperplasia were evident in the cerebellum.
Renal transport of aromatic acids in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Langenbeck U. , Behbehani A. , Luthe H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRenal clearance of phenylpyruvic acid is maximal at a plasma concentration of 40–60 µmol/l. This concentration is obtained with plasma phenylalanine concentrations of 1.0–1.2mmol/l, the threshold for separating classical phenylketonuria from phenylketonuria variants.
Hypermethioninaemia and 3‐Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria in an apparently healthy baby
Authors: Congdon P. J. , Haigh D. , Smith R. , Green Anne , Pollitt R. J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn apparently healthy baby with persistent hypermethioninaemia excretes increased amounts of 3‐hydroxyisobutyrate, 3‐hydroxypropionate, β‐aminoisobutyrate and β‐alanine. A defect in the oxidation of methylmalonic and malonic semialdehydes is proposed but the cause of the hypermethioninaemia is obscure.
The activity of carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase I and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) in the intestine and screening for OCT deficiency in the rectal Mucosa
Authors: Matsushima A. , Orii T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCarbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase I and ornithine carbamoyltransferase are present in small intestine and rectum. Rectal mucosa may be used in the detection of ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency.
Estimation of energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle homogenate as a diagnostic aid
Authors: Ruitenbeek W. , Sengers R. C. A. , Trijbels J. M. F. , Stadhouders A. M. , Janssen A. J. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA method is presented for thein vitro testing of the energy metabolism of human skeletal muscle. The levels of creatine phosphate, ATP, ADP and AMP, which are defined by the activity of many enzyme systems, are measured after incubation of the muscle homogenate with various substrates in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors. Detection of abnormal metabolite concentrations is important for diagnosis of patients with myopathic syndromes.
In Vivo residual activities of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system in phenylketonuria and variants
Authors: Trefz F. K. , Bartholomé K. , Bickel H. , Lutz P. , Schmidt H. , Seyberth H. W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe results ofin vivo determinations of phenylalanine‐hydroxylating capacity using deuterated phenylalanine loads are compared with phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in liver biopsy samples and the results of oral protein challenge.
Four sanfilippo C patients in a family pedigree
Authors: Orii T. , Taga T. , Sukegawa K. , Tamanawa E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe deficiency of acetyl‐CoA:α‐glucosaminideN‐acetyltransferase was detected in skin fibroblast homogenates from four patients in a family pedigree. Further, it was observed that the relative proportion of the acetyl groups in heparan sulphate from a Sanfilippo C patient was much lower than those obtained from Sanfilippo A and B patients.
Properties of human alkaline phosphatase and prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia
Authors: Shin‐Buehring Y. S. , Santer R. , Osang M. , Schaub J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, leukocytes, amniotic fluid and cultured fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells has been characterized by inhibition studies and by mini‐electrophoresis.
Familial AMP deaminase deficiency with skeletal muscle type I atrophy and fatal cardiomyopathy
Authors: Scholte H. R. , Busch H. F. M. , Luyt‐Houwen I. E. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMuscular AMP deaminase deficiency was found in two sibs suffering from a skeletal myopathy, characterized by type I fibre atrophy and a dilated cardiomyopathy. The family history suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance of this disorder.
Late onset form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I: Clinical aspect and biochemical characterization of residual α‐l‐iduronidase activity
Authors: Ullrich K. , Gröbe H. , von Figura K. , Hopwood J. J. , Muller V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractClinical and roentgenographic features of two patients with the late onset form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I are presented. The residual α‐L‐iduronidase in cultured fibroblasts had an abnormalKm which differed from that found in the early onset (Hurler) form.
3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric aciduria combined with 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria: A new case
Authors: Divry P. , Rolland M. O. , Teyssier J. , Cotte J. , Formosinho Fernandes M. C. , Tavares de Almeida I. , da Silveira C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe urinary organic acids of a new case of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA lyase deficiency have been analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. This patient's fibroblasts showed a reduced ability to oxidize leucine.