bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia in infants and preschool children
Authors: Sedova A. Y. , Malakhov A. B. , Shakhnazarova M. D. , Kolosova N.  G. , Taran A. M. , Manukian A. V. , Megeryan M. M. , Shishova A. V. , Aleksakova N. V. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The relevance of studying community-acquired pneumonia in children is associated with its high prevalence, despite timely prevention and effective approaches to the treatment of respiratory diseases. Factors influencing the severity of pneumonia are diverse and include comorbid pathology, early age of the child, the state of the immune system, etc.Objective. To identify and rank risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia in infants and preschool children.Materials and methods. This article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of 291 medical histories of children from 3 months to 7 years with community-acquired pneumonia. 83 children had severe CAP, of which 63 patients were hospitalized in the ICU.Results and discussion. The average age of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia was 33 months. Children from families with two or more children fell ill more often. On average, children were hospitalized for 4–5 days of illness. Concomitant diseases in children with CAP were quite common and often complicated the course of pneumonia. According to the results of our study, more than 70% of children were not vaccinated against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and influenza. We established significant linear relationships between the presence of bronchial obstruction and complications of CAP such as respiratory failure and transfer to the ICU (odds ratio (OR) 7.1; Cramer coefficient 0.40; relationship 0.005). It was shown that patients who received outpatient antibiotic therapy were less likely to require transfer to the ICU.Conclusion. Risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia and hospitalization in the ICU were: male gender, age under 2 years, lack of vaccination against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and influenza, combination of bronchial obstruction with CAP, presence of ENT pathology, lack of antibacterial therapy during prehospital stage, as well as the presence of a serious condition already upon admission.
Assessment of specificity of immunologic tests for detection of tuberculosis infection in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Aksenova V. A. , Dementyeva E. K. , Kazakov A. V. , Klevno N.  I. , Snovskaya M. A. , Zhuzhula A.  A. , Alyabieva N. M. , Kudlay D. A. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The use of genetic engineering biological agents (GEBA) in the treatment of rheumatic diseases over the past decades has led to a significant improvement in the prognosis in this group of patients. However, against the background of anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy (anti TNF-α), the risk of developing tuberculosis increases tenfold.Aim. To evaluate the specificity and safety of Mantoux test, recombinant tuberculosis allergen (RTA) test, IGRA tests: TB-Feron IGRA, T-SPOT.TB, QuantiFERON-TB GIT in patients from 5 to 18 years of age, who are at risk for the development of tuberculosis, due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy, including GEBP.Materials and methods. This clinical trial is a prospective single-center open-label study with 120 patients under observation. Girls predominated among the patients – 71 (59.2%), the average age was 12 years (95% CI [5.2–17.4]). As part of the treatment of the underlying disease, patients in the vast majority of cases (78.3%) received iFNO-α drugs: etanercept (67 people), adalimumab (25 people), golimumab (2 people).Results and discussion. According to the results of a comprehensive medical examination, including CT scan of the chest organs, the presence of active tuberculosis was not established in any of the patients. A positive result of the RTA sample was registered in 0.8% of the subjects, Mantoux test in 46.6%, T-SPOT.TB – 1.7%, TB-Feron IGRA and QuantiFERON-TB GIT – 0.8% each. During the safety assessment, it was noted that within 28 days after the study, none of the 120 patients had any adverse events. Patients need appropriate screening before starting treatment and regular follow-up examinations.Conclusions. The Mantoux test with 2 TE has low specificity (0.49), and the sample with RTA (0.99), TB-Feron IGRA (0.99), T-SPOT.TB (0.98) and QuantiFERON-TB GIT (0.99) are highly specific and safe as tests for detecting tuberculosis infection in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Modifying gas transfer membranes with nanoscale zero-valent iron: effects on membrane material properties, treatment performance, and biofilm thickness
Authors: Hanay Özge , Aksoy Yunus , Çelik Aytekin , Yegin Mustafa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Excessive membrane biofilm growth on membrane fibers depends on various factors, with membrane properties playing a pivotal role in influencing microbial affinity for the membrane. To investigate the antibacterial impact of nano-sized zero-valent iron (nZVI) on membrane biofilm structure, pristine (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) only: HF-0 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0 w/w) and four gas transfer membranes (PVDF:nZVI at different concentrations: HF-1 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0.25 w/w), HF-2 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0.50 w/w), HF-3 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0.75 w/w), HF-4 (PVDF:20/nZVI:1.0 w/w)) were produced. These membranes were assessed for surface morphology, porosity, gas permeability, and biofilm thickness, which ultimately affect biochemical reaction rates in membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs). Various MBfRs utilizing these gas transfer membranes were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and oxygen pressures to assess chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and nitrification performance. Incorporating nZVI into the PVDF polymer solution increased surface hydrophilicity and porosity but reduced Young's Modulus and oxygen diffusion coefficients. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis revealed an average biofilm thickness of 700 μm in HF-0, HF-1, and HF-3, with a 100 μm decrease in HF-2, even though Escherichia coli growth was observed in HF-3 fibers. Regardless of nZVI dosage, a significant decline in COD removal and nitrification rates occurred at low HRTs and gas pressures.
A Combination of Magnoflorine and Spinosin Improves the Antidepressant
effects on CUMS Mouse Model
Authors: Bi Fenghe , Wang Zhihui , Guo Yijing , Xia Menglin , Zhu Xuehui , Qiao Wei 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease. As a famous traditional Chinese
medicine with significant anti-depressive and sleep-promoting effects, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) has attracted
the attention of many researchers. Although it is well known that Magnoflorine (MAG) and Spinosin
(SPI) were the main active components isolated from ZSS, there is a lack of research on the combined treatment
of depression with these two ingredients.

Methods:
The shaking bottle method was used to simulate the human environment for detecting the changes
in oil-water partition coefficient before and after the drug combination. Cell viability was evaluated by the
MTT assay. To establish a mouse model of depression and insomnia by CUMS method, and then to explore
the effect of combined administration of MAG and SPI on depression in CUMS model by observing behavior
and analyzing pharmacokinetics.

Results:
The change in LogP values affected the lipid solubility of MAG and increased the water solubility of
SPI, allowing them to penetrate more easily through the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Compared with the
model group, MAG-SPI with a concentration of 60 μM significantly increased cell survival rate. In both the
TST and FST experiments, the mice showed a decrease in immobilization time. Pharmacokinetic results
showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters, Cmax and AUC of MAG and SPI, were increased in the case of
combination, which resulted in enhancement of their relative bioavailability and improvement of in vivo effects.

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrated that a combination of MAG and SPI had a synergistic antidepressant
effect in CUMS mouse model.
An Updated Review on Nanoemulsion: Factory for Food and Drug Delivery
Authors: Kumar Virender , Garg Vandana , Saini Nakul , Aggarwal Navidha , Kumar Harsh , Kumar Davinder , Chopra Hitesh , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Dureja Harish 
Published: February 2024

Background:
A nanoemulsion is a colloidal system of small droplets dispersed in
another liquid. It has attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties and various
applications. Throughout this review, we provide an overview of nanoemulsions and how they
can be applied to various applications such as drug delivery, food applications, and pesticide
formulations.

Objective:
This updated review aims to comprehensively overview nanoemulsions and their
applications as a versatile platform for drug delivery, food applications, and pesticide formulations.

Methods:
Research relevant scientific literature across various databases, including PubMed,
Scopus, and Web of Science. Suitable keywords for this purpose include "nanoemulsion," "drug
delivery," and "food applications." Ensure the search criteria include recent publications to ensure
current knowledge is included.

Results:
Several benefits have been demonstrated in the delivery of drugs using nanoemulsions,
including improved solubility, increased bioavailability, and controlled delivery. Nanoemulsions
have improved some bioactive compounds in food applications, including vitamins and antioxidants.
At the same time, pesticide formulations based on nanoemulsions have also improved
solubility, shelf life, and effectiveness.

Conclusion:
The versatility of nanoemulsions makes them ideal for drug delivery, food, and
pesticide formulation applications. These products are highly soluble, bioavailable, and targeted,
providing significant advantages. More research and development are required to implement
nanoemulsion-based products on a commercial scale.
Assessment of the Characteristics of Patent Foramen Ovale Associated with
Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Pu Hong , Zhang Qing , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Yaxi , Li Ling 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This study aims to comprehensively assess the characteristics of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in relation to Cryptogenic Strok (CS) by utilizing
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transthoracic echocardiography (c-TTE) and to identify high-risk factors associated with
PFO-related CS.

Background:
Transcatheter PFO closure has demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing PFO-related CS. Therefore, understanding the specific structural
attributes of PFO associated with CS is imperative.

Methods:
Enrollment comprised 113 test patients who experienced CS in conjunction with PFO and 117 control patients diagnosed with migraine with PFO
but without a history of stroke. The characteristics of the PFO were observed by TEE and c-TTE. A comparative analysis was undertaken to assess
the variations in PFO characteristics between the test patients and controls, and to uncover the independent factors relevant to CS.

Results:
The patients in the test group were older than the controls. Both the height and length of the PFO during Valsalva exhibited greater dimensions in
the test group when contrasted with controls. Notably, the test group presented higher incidence rates of low-angle PFO (defined as an angle
between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and PFO ≤ 10°) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) as contrasted with the control group. Right-to-left shunt
(RLS) III during Valsalva demonstrated a significantly elevated occurrence within the test group as opposed to the controls. Conversely, RLS II
during Valsalva exhibited a significantly higher frequency in the controls in contrast to the tests. No significant disparities were observed between
the two groups with respect to RLS I during Valsalva and all grades of RLS at rest. Multivariate analysis revealed that the length of the PFO during
Valsalva, the presence of ASA, RLS III during Valsalva and low-angle PFO were independent relevant factors associated with CS.

Conclusions:
The length of the PFO tunnel, low-angle PFO, RLS III during Valsalva and the presence of ASA were independent risk factors for CS. The
combined utilization of TEE and c-TTE may prove valuable in identifying PFO patients at a heightened risk of CS and in facilitating the screening
process for transcatheter PFO closure.
Fallopian Tube Leiomyoma Presenting as a Huge Abdominopelvic Cystic Mass:
A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wu Juan , Wang Xiaofeng , Ye Na , Yan Xueliang , Zeng Xiangting , Nie Fang 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Fallopian tube leiomyoma is an uncommon, benign gynecologic tumor that originates from the smooth muscle of the fallopian tube or vascular
cells supplying the fallopian tube.

Case Presentation:
In this study, we report a case of a patient with fallopian tube leiomyoma. What makes this instance even more unique is the association of the
leiomyoma with cystic degeneration, manifesting as a large abdominopelvic cystic mass. CT scan suspected that the mass might be an ovarian
cystadenoma. However, ultrasonography, a widely used diagnostic tool, effectively assisted the clinicians in confidently ruling out the possibility
that the tumor was originating from the ovaries. Ultimately, the patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy and the pathologic diagnosis was
fallopian tube leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. To our knowledge, no instance of a fallopian tube leiomyoma of this size with cystic
degeneration has been reported. Thus, it is worth mentioning.

Conclusion:
In summary, fallopian tube leiomyomas are classified as uncommon benign gynecologic tumors, which pose challenges in clinical diagnosis. The
combined use of multiple imaging modalities may be more helpful in the proper diagnosis of this disease entity.
MRI Manifestations of Breast Cancer Stroma and their Role in Predicting
Molecular Subtype: A Case-control Study
Authors: Wang Lanyun , Li Wenjing , Yang Wenjun , Sun Xilin , Ding Yi , Zhao Qian , Liu Weiyan , Xie Xiaoli , Xu Jingjing , Wei Ran , Zhu Shizhen , Ge Yaqiong , Wu Pu-Yeh , Song Bin 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This study explored whether breast MRI manifestations could be used to predict the stroma distribution of breast cancer (BC) and the role of tumor
stroma-based MRI manifestations in molecular subtype prediction.

Methods:
57 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive BC (non-special type) who had lumpy BC on MRI within one week before surgery were
retrospectively collected in the study. Stroma distributions were classified according to their characteristics in the pathological sections. The
stromal distribution patterns among molecular subtypes were compared with the MRI manifestations of BC with different stroma distribution types
(SDTs).

Results:
SDTs were significantly different and depended on the BC hormone receptor (HR) (P<0.001). There were also significant differences among five
SDTs on T2WI, ADC map, internal delayed enhanced features (IDEF), marginal delayed enhanced features (MDEF), and time signal intensity
(TSI) curves. Spiculated margin and the absence of type-I TSI were independent predictors for BC with star grid type stroma. The appearance
frequency of hypo-intensity on T2WI in HR- BCs was significantly lower (P=0.043) than in HR+ BCs. Star grid stroma and spiculated margin
were key factors in predicting HR+ BCs, and the AUC was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.867-0.987).

Conclusion:
Breast MRI can be used to predict BC's stromal distribution and molecular subtypes.
mSegResRF-SPECT: A Novel Joint Classification Model of Whole Body Bone
Scan Images for Bone Metastasis Diagnosis
Authors: Ji Bangning , He Gang , Wen Jun , Chen Zhengguo , Zhao Ling 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Whole-body bone scanning is a nuclear medicine technique with high sensitivity used for the diagnosis of bone-related diseases [e.g., bone
metastases] that can be obtained by positron emission tomography[PET] or single-photon emission computed tomography[SPECT] imaging,
depending on the different radiopharmaceuticals used. In contrast to the high sensitivity of the bone scan, it has low specificity, which leads to
misinterpretation, causing adverse effects of unwarranted intervention or interruption to timely treatment

Objective:
To address this problem, this paper proposes a joint model called mSegResRF-SPECT, which accomplishes for the first time the task of classifying
whole-body bone scan images on a public SPECT dataset [BS-80K] for the diagnosis of bone metastases.

Methods:
The mSegResRF-SPECT adopts a multi-bone region segmentation algorithm to segment the whole body image into 13 regions, ResNet34 as an
extractor to extract the regional features, and a random forest algorithm as a classifier.

Results:
The experimental results of the proposed model show that the average accuracy, sensitivity, and F1 score of the model on the BS-80K dataset
reached SOTA.

Conclusion:
The proposed method presents a promising solution for better bone scan classification methods.
Poly-Thionine/SWCNT Nanocomposite Coated Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Vitamin C
Authors: Dhanapalan Sangeetha , Magesh Vasanth , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Nallaswamy Deepak , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The electrochemical sensors convert biological or chemical information,
such as analyte concentration or a biomolecular (biochemical receptor) interaction, into
electrical signals. In this paper, we describe the development of a poly-thionine/ single-walled
carbon nanotube (P-Th/SWCNT) composite for the electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid
(vitamin C).

Methods:
To improve electrochemical performance, we attempted to electro-polymerize the
thionine monomers, an essential chemical building block, directly on the surface of singlewalled
carbon nanotubes (SWCNT).

Results:
Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy
(EDS) results revealed that a complex structure of the P-Th/SWCNT was formed. The
presence of carbon (C), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) components was confirmed,
which indicated the effective fusion of poly-thionine onto SWCNT. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the composite formation.
Utilizing cyclic voltammetry, the composite's electrochemical behavior was examined.

Conclusions:
Excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of ascorbic acid was
shown by the P-Th/SWCNT composite. The as-prepared P-Th/SWCNT composite-modified
sensor can detect ascorbic acid in food, medical, and pharmaceutical samples.
Exploring the Contribution of Traditional Medicinal Herbs in ManagingPolycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mali Abhijeet Shivshankar , Arulmozhi S. 
Published: February 2024

:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a significant gynecological disorder that commonly affects women of reproductive age. Disturbances in the
production and metabolism of androgens and estrogens mark the condition. Due to the rising occurrence of PCOS and its related physical and
psychological issues, along with the role of sex hormone fluctuations in its development, the use of marketed drugs is effective in treating PCOS
but is accompanied by negative consequences. Consequently, a significant number of individuals with PCOS are opting for natural remedies due to
the positive therapeutic effects associated with natural medications and the constraints of allopathic treatments. This review aims to assess the
impact of different herbs on alterations in sex hormone levels in the bloodstream and ovarian tissue. By conducting a comprehensive literature
search utilizing databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref, we have gathered and analyzed pertinent information regarding the
efficacy of herbal remedies in combating PCOS. Based on the available evidence, herbs consisting of phytoestrogens can potentially reduce insulin
resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian weight while facilitating ovulation. This review explores the importance of herbal remedies in
addressing PCOS, elucidates their mechanisms of action, and examines the therapeutic uses of specific herbal medications to treat PCOS. Human
studies on medicinal herbs for managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) need extended durations for a comprehensive evaluation of both
safety and efficacy, emphasizing the necessity for more long-term research. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable
resource for researchers studying the effect of herbs on PCOS, providing them with valuable insights and information.
Computational Modelling of Heat Transfer through Aluminium Metal
Foams for LiFePO4 Battery Cooling
Authors: P S Arjun , Perumal D. Arumuga 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Temperature is crucial for battery pack durability and power. Folded fin and serpentine
channel cooling methods are mostly used to cool the pack. However, fluid absorption during cooling
can reduce capacity and cause downstream temperatures to be higher than upstream. Consistent
cooling is vital to prevent temperature variation and increase battery pack lifespan. This work is
concerned with the computational study of heat dissipation from open-cell aluminium metal foam
for cooling LiFePO4 battery packs. The battery module consists of six pieces of pouch cell and
three pieces of the aluminium foam heat sink. In the present study, aluminium foams are positioned
between the LiFePO4 battery modules that are arranged in a vertical manner. Thermal interaction
between the battery module and aluminum foam was studied. The effect of pore density on heat
dissipation performance at different mass flow rates was explored. It has been discovered that aluminium
foam with suitable porosity and pore density can efficiently cool the LiFePO4 battery pack.
This paper provides a theoretical framework for designing a thermal management system for lithium-
ion batteries using aluminium foam.

Background:
Metal foam cooling is an established technique for thermal management of Lithiumion
batteries in electric vehicles.

Objective::
The present study aims to analyze heat transfer through aluminium metal foams for vertically
aligned LiFePO4 battery pack cooling.

Methods:
The Darcy extended Forchheimer (DEF) model examines fluid flow through metallic
foams, using the local thermal non-equilibrium model to determine heat transfer.

Results:
The impact of the density of pores in the aluminium foam on the average wall temperature
and temperature difference along the battery surface is determined. The variation of heat transfer of
lithium-ion battery modules for different mass flow rates is also studied.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that utilizing aluminium foam as a heat transfer medium for battery
modules significantly enhances their thermal management performance.