bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillating between denial and recognition of PTSD: Why are lessons learned and forgotten?
Authors: Solomon Zahava 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConsistent observations suggest that denial of PTSD and blaming of its victims are not isolated omissions or distortions but a pattern that spans over times, crosses national and cultural boundaries, and defies accumulated knowledge. This article traces the origins of these attitudes and offers three explanations: (a) mental health professionals are unable to transcend prevailing cultural and social norms; (b) they are “blinded” by professional theories; and (c) denial may stem from a fundamental human difficulty in comprehending and acknowledging our own vulnerability.
Post‐traumatic stress and associated disorders among Vietnam veterans: The significance of combat exposure and social support
Authors: Boscarino Joseph A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe hypothesis is tested that individuals exposed to traumatic stress who currently have lower social support have higher rates of post‐traumatic stress and associated disorders. To test this, the current prevalence of five psychiatric disorders, including post‐traumatic stress, generalized anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse, were studied among a random sample of veterans who served in Vietnam (N = 2,490) and a random sample of “era” veterans who did not (N = 1,972). Logistic regression was used to analyze each disorder, controlling for past combat exposure, current social status, childhood delinquency, military adjustment, and current social support. Combat exposure was the best predictor of post‐traumatic stress and was also associated with anxiety and depression, but not alcohol or drug abuse. Substance abuse was associated with childhood delinquency, and the best predictor of drug abuse was illicit Army drug use. Lower social support was associated with all disorders, except drug abuse. Although the causal nexus is not clear in this case, this study suggests that future research and clinical interventions should not overlook the significance of social support among victims of traumatic stress.
Treatment of Vietnam war veterans with PTSD: A comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, biofeedback, and relaxation training
Authors: Silver Steven M. , Brooks Alvin , Obenchain Jeanne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAnalyses of scaled self‐report data from Vietnam War veterans receiving inpatient treatment for Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder drawn during a program evaluation study suggested inpatient treatment as provided by the program resulted in significant improvement in the areas of Anxiety, Anger, Depression, Isolation, Intrusive Thoughts (of combat experiences), Flashbacks, Nightmares (of combat experiences), and Relationship Problems. Comparing the relative effects of the incremental addition of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Relaxation Training, and Biofeedback found that EMDR was for most problems the most effective extra treatment, greatly increasing the positive impact of the treatment program.
Childhood sexual abuse as a precursor to depression and self‐destructive behavior in adulthood
Authors: Boudewyn Arne Cornelius , Liem Joan Huser 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) as a predictor of depression and self‐destructive behaviors in adulthood was examined relative to other traumatic stressors in childhood and adulthood with special attention to sex differences. In a college sample of 173 men and 265 women, 16% of male (n = 28) and 24% of female respondents (n = 63) reported having been sexually abused as children. CSA, ranging from unwanted kissing and fondling to unwanted sexual intercourse, predicted depression, chronic self‐destructiveness, self‐harm ideation, acts of self‐harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts, for both men and women. The more frequent and severe the sexual abuse and the longer its duration, the more depression and self‐destructiveness reported in adulthood. Other stressors predicted these effects less consistently but their occurrence in combination with CSA contributed to the negativity of long‐term outcomes. Study results affirm previous findings of a relationshop between CSA and depression and self‐destructiveness in adult females and extend them to males.
Are rape memories different? A comparison of rape, other unpleasant, and pleasant memories among employed women
Authors: Tromp Shannon , Koss Mary P. , Figueredo Aurelio Jose , Tharan Melinda 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe study examined empirically‐measured memory characteristics, compared pleasant and unpleasant intense memories as well as rape and other unpleasant memories and determined whether rape memories exhibited significantly more “flashbulb” characteristics. Data consisted of responses to a mailed survey of women employees of a medical center (N = 1,037) and a university (N = 2,142). Pleasant and unpleasant memories were differentiated by feelings, consequences, and level of unexpectedness. The most powerful discriminator of rape from other unpleasant memories was the degree to which they were less clear and vivid, contained a less meaningful order, were less well‐remembered, and were less thought and talked about. Few “flashbulb” characteristics discriminated among memory types. Implications for clinical work with rape survivors were discussed.
Posttraumatic stress associated with delayed recall of sexual abuse: A general population study
Authors: Elliott Diana M. , Briere John 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined delayed recall of childhood sexual abuse in a stratified random sample of the general population ( N = 505). Of participants who reported a history of sexual abuse, 42% described some period of time when they had less memory of the abuse than they did at the time of data collection. No demographic differences were found between subjects with continuous recall and those who reported delayed recall. However, delayed recall was associated with the use of threats at the time of the abuse. Subjects who had recently recalled aspects of their abuse reported particularly high levels of posttraumatic symptomatology and self difficulties (as measured by the IES, SCL, and TSI) at the time of data collection compared to other subjects.
Posttraumatic stress reactions in volunteer firefighters
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Harvey Allison G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVolunteer firefighters in NSW were surveyed for experiences of posttraumatic stress. Firefighters were asked to describe their experiences of stress and indices were obtained of psychological disturbance. Findings indicated that most firefighters felt that their safety had been threatened. One‐quarter of firefighters indicated that they experienced significant levels of posttraumatic stress, although many respondents attributed their stress to personal events. Posttraumatic stress was associated with multiple and recent critical incidents. Findings are discussed in terms of etiological factors of posttraumatic stress and the need for appropriate intervention.
Subjective versus objective sleep in Vietnam combat veterans hospitalized for PTSD
Authors: Woodward Steven H. , Bliwise Donald L. , Friedman Matthew J. , Gusman D. Fred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwenty‐five Vietnam combat veterans with chronic severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) completed a sleep self‐report questionnaire on admission to an inpatient treatment program. Between 1 and 2 months later each spent 3 or more nights in the sleep laboratory. When self‐report and laboratory findings were compared, significant relationships were observed between sleep schedule items such as time‐to‐bed/time‐out‐of‐bed and polysomnographic measures of sleep. In contrast, global ratings of sleep quality were generally unrelated to polysomnographic measures. These findings may have implications for survey research assessing sleep quality in traumatized populations.
Modes of long‐term coping with trauma memories: Relative use and associations with personality among Vietnam veterans with chronic PTSD
Authors: Hyer Lee , McCranie Edward W. , Boudewyns Patrick A. , Sperr Edwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLittle is known about how individuals who develop chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cope with recurring trauma memories, or how enduring personality characteristics influence such coping. Focusing on 110 hospitalized Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD, this exploratory study assessed the relative frequency of using eight ways of coping with war memories, and associations between relative use of these strategies and eight dysfunctional personality styles. As a secondary issue, associations between coping strategies, combat exposure, and PTSD severity were also examined. Consistent with prior findings, these veterans predominantly used emotion‐focused and avoidant strategies to cope with war memories. Differing personality styles and relative use or nonuse of particular coping strategies were also associated in psychologically coherent ways. These preliminary findings are discussed in relation to methodologic and future research issues.
Examining comorbidity and posttraumatic stress disorder in a Vietnam veteran population using the MMPI‐2
Authors: Weyermann Andrea G. , Norris Fran H. , Hyer Lee A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExamined the discriminant validity of the MMPI‐2 in assessing comorbidity in a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Vietnam veteran population. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐IIJ‐R (SCID) was used to diagnose veterans and to classify them into four groups: PTSD Only, PTSD with mood disorders, PTSD with other anxiety disorders, and PTSD with mood and anxiety disorders. All groups had clinical elevations on scales F, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 0, PK, and PS, with peak elevations on scales 8, 7, and 2. The PTSD Only group's MMPI‐2 scores were not significantly lower than other groups' scores. The PTSD + Mood/Anxiety group was significantly more elevated on scales 2 and 7 than the PTSD Only and PTSD + Anxiety group but did not otherwise show significantly higher scale elevations than other groups. No significant differences existed between groups on scales F, L, K, PK, and PS. Implications of these results for PTSD and the current diagnostic system are explored.
Attention, arousal, and memory in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Litz Brett T. , Weathers Frank W. , Monaco Valerie , Herman Debra S. , Wulfsohn Michael , Marx Brian , Keane Terence M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVietnam combat veterans with current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with other Axis‐I disorders, or with no Axis‐I disorders completed a series of tasks designed to elucidate the psychophysiological parameters of information‐processing in PTSD. These tasks included a modified Stroop procedure (MSP), a standard Stroop procedure, a recognition memory task, and a threat rating task. Physiological responses were recorded throughout the study. Our data supported several predictions derived from information‐processing models of PTSD. PTSD subjects exhibited greater MSP interference to high threat words than both comparison groups, and a liberal response bias toward recognizing military‐related words. PTSD symptoms and threat reactions contributed to MSP interference effects for high‐threat words after controlling for medications, depression, and baseline physiological activity.
Dissociative responses in the immediate aftermath of the Oakland/Berkeley firestorm
Authors: Koopman Cheryl , Classen Catherine , Spiegel David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined relationships between dissociative symptoms experienced in the immediate aftermath of the Oakland/Berkeley firestorm and contact with the fire, life events, demographic variables, and actions taken after learning about the fire. One hundred eighty‐seven participants completed self‐report measures about their experiences during and immediately following the fire. Dissociative symptoms were significantly related to contact with the fire, sex, and stressful life events. Also, dissociative symptoms were significantly related to engaging in certain activities, such as trying to get closer to the fire and going into blocked‐off areas and crossing police barricades. These results suggest that dissociative symptoms may merit special attention in intervention focusing on the immediate aftermath of disaster.
Time‐limited psychotherapy with Operation Desert Storm veterans
Authors: Ford Julian D. , Greaves David , Chandler Patricia , Thacker Barbara , Shaw David , Sennhauser Shirley , Schwartz Lawrence 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTime‐limited psychotherapy conducted 2 to 9 months after demobilization was evaluated with Persian Gulf Theater veterans of Operation Desert Storm (ODS). Thirty five treatment‐seeking veterans were contrasted with 20 non‐treatment‐seeking ODS Persian Gulf veterans in a repeated measures design at pretest, posttest, and 6‐week followup assessments. In addition, psychotherapy participants at followup were contrasted with 80 non‐treatment‐seeking ODS Persian Gulf veterans from the same military units who were assessed one time at a comparable time point. Time‐limited psychotherapy was associated with sustained improved psychosocial functioning and reduced levels of psychiatric and stress‐related symptomatology.
An empirical evaluation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with survivors of a natural disaster
Authors: Grainger Ruth Dailey , Levin Clifford , Allen‐Byrd Lois , Doctor Ronald M. , Lee Howard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractControlled studies of treatments effective with victims of natural disasters are almost nonexistent. This is a small study conducted under difficult conditions to test the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma related reactions following Hurricane Andrew. The results were positive in that EMDR produced significant improvement over wait list controls in perceived posttraumatic avoidance behaviors and thoughts as measured by changes in the Impact of Event Scale and significant improvement in subjective aversive reactions to representative experiences of the hurricane. These results suggest and support other studies that EMDR can be an effective therapeutic intervention for trauma reactions.
Measurement of perceived disruption during rebuilding following hurricane andrew
Authors: Burnett Kent , Ironson Gail , Benight Charles , Wynings Christina , Greenwood Debra , Carver Charles S. , Cruess Dean , Baum Andrew , Schneiderman Neil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a measure of perceived disruption during rebuilding following a disaster. Two eight‐item scales, which measured intensity of disruption during the entire repair phase (Intensity‐RP) and intensity of disruption during the past month (Intensity‐PM) were developed and administered to 135 survivors of Hurricane Andrew. At 9 to 12 months postdisaster, Intensity‐RP and Intensity‐PM were both significantly associated with scores on the Global Severity Index of the SCL‐90‐R, and with scores on the Impact of Event‐Intrusion Scale; Intensity‐PM alone was significantly associated with PTSD scores. Regression analyses indicated that each scale contributed significant unique variance in predicting mental health symptoms, even after controlling for relevant demographic and initial disaster exposure variables.
Highly Conductive Polypyrrole Copolymers?
Authors: Lienkamp Karen , Wegner Gerhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a recent publication by Akar and co‐workers (Eur. Polym. J. 2006, 42, 2361), it was claimed that bulk polypyrrole with a conductivity of 4 000 S · cm−1 was obtained by a simple chemical synthesis. If reproducible, this would be a quite revolutionary result for the polymer electronics community. In this communication, we report that this result is not reproducible, and demonstrate, by comparison to literature results, that it is also not plausible.
Living Radical Polymerization as a Tool for the Synthesis of Polymer‐Protein/Peptide Bioconjugates
Authors: Nicolas Julien , Mantovani Giuseppe , Haddleton David M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCombinations of synthetic and natural macromolecules offer a route to new functional materials. While biological and polymer chemistry may not be natural bedfellows, many researchers are focusing their attention on the benefits of combining these fields. Recent advances in living radical polymerization have provided methods to build tailor‐made macromolecular moieties using relatively simple processes. This has led to a plethora of block copolymers, end‐functional polymers and polymers with a whole range of biological recognition abilities. This review covers work carried out until late 2006 combining living radical polymerization with proteins and peptides in the rapidly‐expanding field of bioconjugation.magnified image
Corporate plant location under uncertainty: Divergence between the interests of ownership and management
Authors: McDonough Carol C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper expands current knowledge of location decision‐making under uncertainty by analyzing instances where the corporate goal of profit maximization diverges from the managerial decision‐maker's goal of maximizing personal profit. With illustrations based on alternative decision‐making criteria, the paper demonstrates that a corporate manager acting in his own self interest may select a plant site that does not maximize corporate profits. The trend for US corporations to select suburban locations, despite the cost advantages of older urban areas, is illustrative of this divergence between the objectives of ownership and management.
The multiproduct firm: Demand relationships and decision‐making
Authors: Hill Stephen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIf a firm produces more than one product, the price of one may affect the demand for others. Examination of this relationship reveals that for the profit maximizing firm the price differential between products is determined by differences in costs, differences in own price and cross price elasticities and the relative revenue from each product. The introduction of advertising results in an optimal advertising budget for each product that is the weighted sum of own and cross advertising elasticities divided by the average cost per advertisement.
Internal control technologies within industrial organizations
Authors: Beck Paul J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrevious studies of industrial organizations have examined the effects of formal monitoring controls on employee‐performance. The present study extends existing research by analyzing the firm's ability to rely upon alternative internal control strategies and by including opportunities for employee‐collusion. In particular, we model formal and informal monitoring activities and investigate their combined effect upon employees' incentives to collude. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the relative efficiencies of various types of internal controls.
A microcomputer‐based decision‐support system for manpower planning
Authors: Wegner Trevor 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper reviews the field of manpower‐planning modelling in South Africa and the UK. Thereafter the design of a microcomputer‐based simulation manpower model is discussed. The output generated is designed to assist the manpower planner in making more effective and efficient manpower decisions. The emphasis of the modelling approach is on decision support where the intention is to enhance the quality of the information base upon which the final decisions are taken by the manpower planner.
On the use of risk analysis for the evaluation of industrial R&D expenditures
Authors: Sarnat Marshall 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper focuses on a particular aspect of the R&D decision process, i.e. the screening of alternative projects at the firm level. A review of the traditional methods of risk analysis, based on two‐parameter measures of risk and return, strongly suggests that they are unable to capture the essential skewed nature of R&D decisions due to the underlying assumption of normal distributions. Fortunately, the availability of alternative models based on ‘distribution free’ methods has significantly increased our ability to evaluate highly skewed returns. This paper sets out, in some detail, the case of using one such model, the stochastic dominance paradigm, to screen R&D proposals.
The characteristics of technically orientated firms: Evidence from the unlisted securities market
Authors: Crook J. N. , Allen D. E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe results of a survey of the research, design and development activity of firms listed on the UK Unlisted Securities Market are reported. The significance of different corporate objectives, types of market structure, forms of rivalry, different groups as project initiators, and techniques of project evaluation, is reported. Technically progressive firms could not be distinguished from less technically progressive firms using univariate tests. Multiple discriminant analyses indicated that technically progressive firms operate in markets where products characteristics and advertising are significant forms of rivalry, the growth rate of profits is more important as a corporate objective and the significance of interdepartmental committees as an initiating group is higher than for less technically progressive firms. The latter firms judged price competition and the objective of achieving a target level of units sold as more significant than the former group.
An explanation of why shareholders' losses are so large after drug recalls
Authors: Marcus Richard D. , Swidler Steve , Zivney Terry L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent studies show firms suffering drug recalls experience security losses many times larger than any reasonable measure of their direct cost. We discover that the implied standard deviation of stock returns from the Black‐Scholes option pricing model significantly increases after a drug recall. The implied standard deviation provides a good proxy for the stock's ex ante beta. The higher systematic risk after a product recall must raise the discount rate used by investors. After a recall, stock prices are reduced in line with the lower expected future earnings and are further reduced because of a higher discount rate.
A principal–agent analysis of pension policy
Authors: McMillan Henry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a principal‐agent model of pension policy in a world with permanent pension plans and no taxes. Firm managers, as agents of stockholders, choose pension policy to maximize their own welfare. Stockholders, aware of this self‐interested behavior, select the optimal linear risk‐sharing compensation program to induce conformance of manager actions to stockholder intersts. The paper develops the optimal linear risk‐sharing compensation program and pension policy. The comparative static changes in pension policy for a simple case are found and compared to the empirical findings of other researchers. It is argued that the principal‐agent hypothesis provides an explanation for the heretofore unexplained empirical regularities of those studies.
A deterministic analysis of change in international unit labor costs: Import implications for US industry
Authors: van Loggerenberg Bazil J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUnited States industry faces an import threat in the domestic market because foreign exporters achieve lower growth in their unit labor dollar cost. A deterministic analysis of the sources of change over the decade 1974–84 shows that although most foreign trade partners experienced a higher rate of growth in hourly labor compensation than the United States, they discounted this cost disadvantage by achieving more than offsetting cost reductions from growth in labor productivity and in the foreign currency to US dollar exchange rate.