bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of human neutrophil glycoproteins expressing the CD15 differentiation antigen (3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine)
Authors: Albrechtsen Merete , Kerr Michael A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The expression of the CD15 antigen. 3‐fucosyl N‐acetyllactosamine, on neutrophil glycoproteins has been studied by SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The antigen is expressed on several glycoproteins, both intracellularly and on the cell surface. Each subcellular compartment appears to contain a specific antigen. A soluble, granule glycoprotein (Mr 80–90K) probably accounts for most of the intracellular staining detected immunohistochemically. Membrane glycoproteins of Mr. 85–90K and 25K are associated with granule membranes, the latter being an integral membrane protein. The CD15 antigen is expressed on several cell surface glycoproteins with Mr in the range of 165K and 105K. These antigens are also contained in an intracellular pool which is brought to the surface on activation of the cells with chemotactic peptides.The 165K and 105K antigens show identical electrophoretic mobility to two of the major glycoproteins detectable by PAS or protein staining of gels of detergent extracts of cell membranes. These glycoproteins include the complement receptor, CR3. The beta chain of CR3 (105K) and to a lesser extent the alpha chain (165K) express CD15; however, most of the CD15 antigen is associated with other glycoproteins of these molecular masses.
Should anti‐Rh immunoglobulin be given to D variant women?
Authors: Lubenko Anatole , Contreras Marcela , Habash Janet 
Published: March 2008

Summary. D variant women occasionally form anti‐D during or following pregnancy with a D‐positive fetus. It is not known whether Rh immunization could be suppressed by using anti‐Rh immunoglobulin (Rh Ig), or whether the injected antibodies would be absorbed by the woman's D variant cells. In order to predict the likely outcome, three anti‐Rh Ig preparations were absorbed independently with five examples of D variant red cells: R1VIr (n = 3), R1Br(n= 2), and with cells of common Rh‐positive and Rh‐negative phenotypes: R0, r′r, r″r or rr cells (n= 1 each). The titres of the Ig preparations against all these cells were compared after three, six, nine and 12 absorptions.The titres of the unabsorbed anti‐Rh Igs against R0 cells ranged from 215 to 218. Anti‐D activities were hardly affected by absorption with r′r, r″r or rr cells, but were completely exhausted after three to six absorptions with R0 cells. Most of the D variant cells were as ineffective as rr cells in reducing anti‐D activity against R0 cells, but one R1VIr variant produced a fall in titre against R0 cells, equivalent to four or five doubling dilutions after three to six absorptions, which could not be reduced further by subsequent absorptions. Therefore, a substantial proportion of the anti‐D in the immunoglobulin preparation does not bind to D variant red cells.The component of the anti‐D that does not bind to D variant cells would be expected to be present in the circulation of D variant individuals injected with anti‐Rh immunoglobulin, and should be effective in suppressing Rh immunization. An increased dose of the anti‐Rh Ig might have to be administered in order to allow for the fraction that can bind to D variant red cells and which would not be available for immunosuppression.
Secretion of coagulant factor VIII activity and antigen by in vitro cultivated rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Hellman Lars , Smedsröd Bård , Sandberg Helena , Pettersson Ulf 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDifferent types of liver cells and a few extrahepatic cell types were analysed for the presence and production of factor VIII activity (VIII: C). Only freshly prepared suspensions of rat liver sinusoidal cells and pure monolayer cultures of rat liver endothelial cells (LEC) were found to contain and secrete detectable amounts of the coagulation factor. Secretion of VIII: C by cultured LEC was inhibited by cycloheximide and by monensin. Constant levels of VIII: C were produced for at least 48 h suggesting continuous synthesis rather than a burst release of stored material. VIII: C, as measured spectro‐photometrically by conversion of X to Xa, was inhibited by anti‐human VIII: C antiserum. Indirect immunocytochemistry using this antiserum gave positive staining only with LEC. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labelled proteins in conditioned rat LEC medium with the anti human VIII: C antiserum revealed the presence of proteins of similar sizes to those reported for human VIII:C. These results indicate that rat LEC are an important site for production and secretion of procoagulant factor VIII and are not only a site for storage and release of the factor. The established conditions for synthesis of VIII:C in in vitro cultivated rat LEC should provide the means to study the regulation of VIII:C synthesis.
The effect of near‐normoglycaemic control on plasma levels of coagulation factor VII and the anticoagulant proteins C and S in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients
Authors: Schernthaner Guntram , Vukovich Thomas , Knöbl Paul , Hay Ulrike , Müller Mathias M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe present prospective follow‐up study was made to study the effect of glycaemic regulation on levels of factor VII, protein C and protein S in 15 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients without manifestations of vascular disease. Patients were tested before and after 8 weeks of ‘metabolic’ intervention, whereby a near‐normoglycaemic state was achieved. At baseline, values of cross‐linked fibrin degradation products (XL‐FDP) and levels of ‘total’ protein S were significantly increased and protein C values were decreased in the diabetic patients when compared to control subjects, whereas levels of factor VII and ‘free’ protein S were near normal. After ‘metabolic’ intervention a decrease of all haemostatic parameters were recorded, however XL‐FDP levels did not decline to control levels and the imbalance of factor VII and protein C persisted. When patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (n= 8) were compared to those with long‐term disease (n= 7) higher levels of factor VII, protein C and protein S were recorded in the latter group before and after metabolic intervention; at baseline the differences reached statistical significance for factor VII and protein S, and remained significant for factor VII after metabolic intervention. Before and after intervention XL‐FDP levels were higher in patients with newly diagnosed disease than in patients with long‐term diabetes. The correlation analysis revealed positive correlations of factor VII, protein C and protein S to cholesterol and triglycerides, of protein S to all glycaemic control parameters, negative correlations of protein C to glucose, and of XL‐FDP to factor VII, protein C and protein S. The results indicate an imbalance of haemostasis towards thrombophilicity in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients, not completely correctable by glycaemic control.
Platelet membrane abnormalities in myeloproliferative disorders: decrease in glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa complex is associated with deficient receptor function
Authors: Mazzucato Mario , Marco Luigi De , Angelis Vincenzo De , Roia Dina De , Bizzaro Nicola , Casonato Alessandra 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe number and functional activity of membrane glycoproteins (GP) Ib and IIb/IIIa were investigated in platelets from 11 patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Three patients had essential thrombocythaemia, two had chronic myeloid leukaemia and six had polycythaemia vera. The numbers of GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa molecules were detected on the platelet surface using different 125I‐labelled monoclonal antibodies. The functional properties of GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa were evaluated using purified 125I‐labelled asialo von Willebrand factor (vWF) and purified 125I‐labelled fibrinogen, respectively, in a binding assay, Binding of the anti‐GPIIb/IIIa antibody was decreased by 40% in almost all patients studied and, when measured, it was accompanied by decreased fibrinogen binding to activated platelets. Binding of anti‐GPIb antibodies to platelets was also slightly decreased or virtually the same in eight out of 11 patients. The decrease correlated with decreased binding of asialo vWF. The increased plasma glycocalicin levels, measured in four patients, depended on the high platelet count. Scatchard analysis revealed normal receptor binding affinity for all ligands tested in all but one patient. In this report we demonstrate that abnormalities in the concentrations of GPIIb/IIIa membrane proteins are commonly present in patients with MPD, while a decrease in GPIb concentration is also seen, although in fewer patients. These abnormalities are accompanied by a concurrent decrease in the respective receptor functions. These findings may explain part of the haemorrhagic tendency often encountered in MPD.
Factors influencing the transfusion response to HLA‐selected apheresis donor platelets in patients refractory to random platelet concentrates
Authors: McFarland Janice G. , Anderson Alfred J. , Slighter Sherrill J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryImmune and nonimmune causes of platelet refractoriness were evaluated in a group of patients receiving HLA‐selected single‐donor platelet transfusions. During a 1‐year observation period, 1 h and 24 h platelet recoveries were determined after 522 single‐donor platelet transfusions given to 43 patients persistently refractory to pooled random‐donor platelet transfusions. 72% of patients tested ultimately developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies suggesting they were alloimmunized. When significant lymphocytotoxic antibodies were demonstrable in these patients, HLA well‐matched platelet transfusions consistently produced good transfusion responses. In contrast, patients without lymphocytotoxic antibodies had clinical factors that adversely affected transfusion outcome (P < 0.0001). Fever and splenomegaly markedly reduced 1 h post‐transfusion platelet recoveries, while sepsis compromised the 24 h platelet recovery. Overall, the presence of any clinical factor was most likely to reduce 1 h platelet recovery, while donor‐recipient HLA incompatibilities correlated best with poor 24 h posttransfusion platelet recovery.A platelet crossmatch test predicted the transfusion response when non‐immune clinical factors were absent.
Antibody‐dependent red cell removal during P. falciparum malaria: the clearance of red cells sensitized with an IgG anti‐D
Authors: Lee S. H. , Looareesuwan S. , Wattanagoon Y. , Ho M. , Wuthiekanun V. , Vilaiwanna N. , Weatherall D. J. , White N. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe clearance of autologous red cells sensitized with an IgG anti‐D has been studied in patients during and after an attack of P. falciparum malaria, and in 11 uninfected control subjects. In most patients with P. falciparum malaria there was evidence of increased clearance of sensitized red cells, compared to controls.Clearance half‐times of IgG sensitized red cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in 16 patients with acute falciparum malaria (median 21 min, range 11–53 min) compared to 11 control subjects (median 37 min, range 20–60 min). This difference was independent of the degree of IgG sensitization of red cells. In patients with acute falciparum malaria, clearance half‐times were positively correlated with venous haematocrit (P < 0.05). In 11 patients studied between 1 and 9 weeks after the attack, clearance half‐times (median 17 min, range 11–56 min) were also significantly decreased compared to controls (P < 0.01). In the majority of acute and convalescent patients, there was further evidence for early destruction of an additional substantial proportion of sensitized red cells.Our data indicate that in most patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, IgG sensitized red cells are rapidly removed from the peripheral circulation by the spleen, and that rapid clearance persists during recovery.
Expression of the multidrug transporter, P‐glycoprotein, in chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells in blast crisis
Authors: Kuwazuru Yasuo , Yoshimura Akihiko , Hanada Shuichi , Ichikawa Misako , Saito Takeshi , Uozumi Kimiharu , Utsunomiya Atae , Arima Terukatsu , Akiyama Shin‐Ichi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe overexpression of a cell‐surface glycoprotein termed P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is frequently associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in cell lines in vitro. To evaluate the implications of P‐gp expression in clinical drug‐resistance, we examined the expression of P‐gp in fresh leukaemia cells from chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) patients in blast crisis. By using immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody against P‐gp, C219, we showed that leukaemia cells from three CML patients in blast crisis were P‐gp negative at the stage when these patients were in complete remission, and that the cells showed high levels of P‐gp expression at times when the same patients had relapsed and had not responded to chemotherapy. Six out of 11 patients (nine in the refractory state) were P‐gp positive and they rarely responded to chemotherapy. These data suggest that the expression of P‐gp is closely associated with drug‐resistance in CML.
Effect of recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor on progenitor cells in patients with advanced malignancies
Authors: Villeval Jean‐Luc , Dührsen Ulrich , Morstyn George , Metcalf Donald 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHaemopoietic progenitor cell levels were determined in the blood and marrow of 37 patients with advanced malignancies undergoing a phase I/II clinical trial of 0.3–30 μg/kg/d recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM‐CSF). After injection of rGM‐CSF, the absolute number of circulating progenitor cells fell initially but after 4 d of infusion a dose‐dependent increase was observed in progenitor cells of all lineages with a slight bias favouring granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors. A mean 8.4‐fold increase in GM‐CFC and a 3.3‐fold increase in BFU‐E were observed at a dose level of 20 μg/kg/d of rGM‐CSF. Patients with malignant lymphoma showed a greater response than other patients at the same dose level and the CFU‐E rise correlated with the haematocrit. This study suggests that GM‐CSF may be of value in elevating circulating progenitor cells for subsequent autografting.
Interstitial pneumonitis after total body irradiation: effect of partial lung shielding
Authors: Weshler Z. , Breuer R. , Or R. , Naparstek E. , Pfeffer M. R. , Lowental E. , Slavin† S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe potential beneficial effects of partial lung shielding were investigated in 44 patients conditioned by whole body radiotherapy as part of the conditioning for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The first 23 patients were irradiated with fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) to a total dose of 12 Gy. In the second series of 21 patients a 50% transmission lung shield was utilized following 6 Gy TBI. This treatment was combined in the second group with four fractions of 1.5 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), given in 2 d. The rate of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IP) was 26% in the first group, compared to none in the second.
Molecular heterogeneity of β‐thalassaemia in the Japanese: identification of two novel mutations
Authors: Fucharoen Supan , Katsube Takanori , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Sawada Hiroyoshi , Oishi Hiroyuki , Katsuno Makoto , Nishimura Junji , Motomura Seiji , Miura Yasusada , Fukumaki Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFive unrelated Japanese β‐thalassaemia genes, from one homozygote and four heterozygotes, have been systematically characterized using DNA polymorphism analysis, polymerase chain reaction, dot‐blot hybridization and direct sequencing of amplified genomic DNA. Four different molecular defects were observed on three different β‐globin gene frameworks. One of these, the A→G mutation in the TATA box, a previously described mutation, was detected by dot‐blot hybridization in one homozygote and one heterozygote with the β‐globin gene of framework 2. The second mutation is a C→T substitution at position 654 of IVS‐2, the mutation commonly found in Chinese, which was associated with the framework 1 gene. Another two mutations, both associated with framework 3 genes, are novel ones; an amber mutation in codon 90 (GAG to TAG) and a frameshift (+G) insertion in codon 54, both of which cause a β0‐thalassaemia phenotype by premature termination of the β‐globin chain synthesis.
Reactivation of HbF synthesis in normal adult erythroid bursts by IL‐3
Authors: Gabbianelli M. , Pelosi E. , Labbaye C. , Valtieri M. , Testa U. , Peschle C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryReactivation of HbF synthesis has been reported in normal adult erythroblast colonies (‘bursts’) generated by erythroid progenitors (BFU‐E) after seeding peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in fetal calf serum‐supplemented (FCS+) semisolid cultures stimulated by erythropoietin (Ep). Reactivation is almost totally suppressed when: (i) PBMC are grown in optimized FCS‐ culture or (ii) PBMC are first stringently depleted of monocytes and then plated in FCS+ medium (i.e. BFU‐E growth in FCS+Mo‐ culture). In either case, addition of biosynthetic granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) induces a dose‐related increase of relative HbF synthesis up to the level in FCS+ culture.We report that, in FCS‐ culture of partially purified adult blood BFU‐E, treatment with biosynthetic interleukin 3 (IL‐3) causes a dose‐related rise of relative HbF production in the bursts. A similar phenomenon is observed in FCS+ culture of highly purified BFU‐E. The rise of HbF synthesis is seemingly mediated, at least in part, by a direct effect of IL‐3 at BFU‐E level.It is tentatively concluded that reactivation of HbF in vitro. as well as in a variety of in vivo conditions (i.e. stress erythropoiesis, marrow regeneration), may be at least in part mediated by IL‐3 and GM‐CSF.
The effects of interleukin 3 (IL‐3) on cells responsive to macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (CSF‐1) in liquid murine bone marrow culture
Authors: Breen Frances N. , Hume David A. , Weidemann Maurice J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe have examined variation between inbred mouse strains in the proliferative response of bone marrow cells in liquid culture to macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (CSF‐1) and interleukin 3 (IL‐3). In all mouse strains, thymidine incorporation was stimulated by CSF‐1 and, after an initial lag period, it reached a peak on day 5. In contrast, two mouse strains, A/J and Balb c, had much lower proliferative responses to IL‐3 than did the other strains. In A/J there was no increase in thymidine incorporation above the initial baseline, although the fall in incorporation seen in the absence of any added growth factor was prevented. IL‐3 also presented the loss of CSF‐1 responsiveness observed when A/J bone marrow cells were incubated in medium alone. The lag phase in the response to CSF‐1 was progressively abolished following IL‐3 pre‐treatment. Thus, the data with A/J mice separate two distinct activities of IL‐3 and show that proliferation is not required for the synergistic effect exerted by IL‐3 on CSF‐1‐stimulated macrophage generation from bone marrow.In strains in which IL‐3 alone was able to stimulate proliferation, its action was not additive with that of CSF‐1, and addition of both factors together did not overcome the lag phase. This suggests that the two factors act on the same cell population, and that the known synergistic effect of IL‐3 on macrophage colony formation in soft agar does not result from an increase in the initial rate of proliferation. The possibility that the combination of factors might alter the duration of the growth response in vivo is discussed.
CD30‐positive large cell lymphomas (‘Ki‐1 lymphoma’) are associated with a chromosomal translocation involving 5q35
Authors: Bastard C. , Rimokh Ruth , Dastugue Nicole , Huret J‐L. , Kristoffersson U. , Magaud J‐P. , Nezelof C. , Tilly H. , Vannier J‐P. , Hemet J. , Warnke R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA chromosomal translocation involving a breakpoint on the long arm of chromosome 5 at position q35 has been reported previously in 17 cases of neoplasia. In 14 of these cases the translocation involves exchange of material between chromosome 2 p23 and chromosome 5. Most cases had been diagnosed histologically as malignant histiocytosis but it was suggested recently, following the study of three cases in one of the author's laboratories, that such tumours are in reality lymphoid tumours. In the present paper we report on 12 further neoplasms with a translocation involving the 5q35 breakpoint and show that all were large cell lymphomas expressing the CD30 (Ki‐1) antigen, often classifiable histologically as ‘Ki‐1 lymphoma’. In five cases there was evidence, based on antigen expression and/or genotypic studies, that the neoplasm was of T lymphoid derivation. These findings provide further evidence that translocations involving 5q35 are associated not with histiocytic malignancy, but with large cell lymphoid neoplasms, including typical cases of ‘Ki‐1 lymphoma’or anaplastic large cell lymphoma’. Since cell lines have been established from five of these cases it may be possible in the future to clone the breakpoint on chromosome 5 and to investigate whether there is a gene in its vicinity with oncongenic potential.
Initial treatment in multiple myeloma: no advantage of multidrug chemotherapy over melphalan‐prednisone
Authors: Hjorth Martin , Hellquist Louise , Holmberg Erik , Magnusson Bengt , Rödjer Stig , Westin Jan ,   for the Myeloma Group of Western Sweden
Published: March 2008

SummaryFrom October 1983 until December 1986, 164 patients with multiple myeloma stage II–III were included in a prospective randomized multi‐centre study comparing melphalan‐prednisone (MP) with multidrug chemotherapy (MDC). The patients comprised 77% of all newly diagnosed myeloma stage II–III cases reported from 18 hospitals covering the entire Health Care Region of Western Sweden (1.5 million inhabitants). Patients randomized to MP (29 stage II and 55 stage III patients) were given oral melphalan and prednisone every 6 weeks. For patients randomized to MDC, stage II patients (n= 25) were given VMCP every 4 weeks and stage III patients (n= 53) VBAP and VMCP alternately every 4 weeks.For stage II patients, the response rate for MP compared to VMCP was 69 versus 56% and the median survival 46 versus 33 months. For stage III the response rate for MP compared to VBAP/VMCP was 58 versus 57% and the median survival 26 versus 24 months. No statistically significant differences were seen. The time to response and remission duration were also similar in both treatment arms.The dose intensity index (cumulative given/planned dose of myelosuppressive drugs) was 0.8 in 89% of the MP patients and 81% of the MDC patients. Patients with index values <0.8 had the same response rate as patients with index 0.8.This study has not demonstrated any advantage of MDC over traditional MP in multiple mayeloma stage II‐III.