bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Approaches to Fundamental Studies in Soft‐Matter Physics
Authors: O'Neill Robert T. , Boulatov Roman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStretching a segment of a polymer beyond its contour length makes its (primarily backbone) bonds more dissociatively labile, which enables polymer mechanochemistry. Integrating some backbone bonds into suitably designed molecular moieties yields mechanistically and kinetically diverse chemistry, which is becoming increasingly exploitable. Examples include, most prominently, attempts to improve mechanical properties of bulk polymers, as well as prospective applications in drug delivery and synthesis. This review aims to highlight an emerging effort to apply the concepts and experimental tools of mechanochemistry to fundamental physical questions in soft matter. A succinct summary of the state‐of‐the‐knowledge of the field, with emphasis on foundational concepts and generalizable observations, is followed by analysis of 3 recent examples of mechanochemistry yielding molecular‐level details of elastomer failure, macromolecular chain dynamics in elongational flows and kinetic allostery. We conclude with reasons to assume that the highlighted approaches are generalizable to a broader range of physical problems than considered to date.
Exfoliation of Metal–Organic Frameworks to Give 2D MOF Nanosheets for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Peng , Geng Shuang , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Xinglong , Li Hongfeng , Zhang Lulu , Shen Yu , Zha Baoli , Zhang Suoying , Huo Fengwei , Zhang Weina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe structure and properties of materials are determined by a diverse range of chemical bond formation and breaking mechanisms, which greatly motivates the development of selectively controlling the chemical bonds in order to achieve materials with specific characteristics. Here, an orientational intervening bond‐breaking strategy is demonstrated for synthesizing ultrathin metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets through balancing the process of thermal decomposition and liquid nitrogen exfoliation. In such approach, proper thermal treatment can weaken the interlayer bond while maintaining the stability of the intralayer bond in the layered MOFs. And the following liquid nitrogen treatment results in significant deformation and stress in the layered MOFs’ structure due to the instant temperature drop and drastic expansion of liquid N2, leading to the curling, detachment, and separation of the MOF layers. The produced MOF nanosheets with five cycles of treatment are primarily composed of nanosheets that are less than 10 nm in thickness. The MOF nanosheets exhibit enhanced catalytic performance in oxygen evolution reactions owing to the ultrathin thickness without capping agents which provide improved charge transfer efficiency and dense exposed active sites. This strategy underscores the significance of orientational intervention in chemical bonds to engineer innovative materials.
Changes in the Workforce Characteristics of Providers Who Care for Adult Patients With Rheumatologic and Musculoskeletal Disease in the United States
Authors: Mannion Melissa L. , Xie Fenglong , FitzGerald John D. , Alexander Amanda , Mudano Amy , Su Yujie , Saag Kenneth G. , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the adult rheumatology workforce in the United States, assess change in rheumatology providers over time, and identify variation in rheumatology practice characteristics.MethodsUsing national Medicare claims data from 2006 to 2020, clinically active rheumatology physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) were identified. Each calendar year was used for inclusion, exclusion, and analysis, and providers were determined to be entering, exiting, or stable based upon presence or absence in the prior or subsequent years of data. Characteristics (age, gender, practice type, rural, and region) of rheumatologists were determined for 2019 and in mutually exclusive study periods from 2009 to 2011, 2012 to 2015, and 2016 to 2019. The location of rheumatology practice was determined by billing tax identification and mapped. Demographics of physicians exiting or entering the rheumatology workforce were compared separately to those stable by logistic regression.ResultsThe clinically active adult rheumatology workforce identified in US Medicare in 2019 was 5,667 rheumatologists and 379 APPs. From 2009 to 2020, the number of rheumatologists increased 23% and the number of APPs increased 141%. There was an increase in female rheumatologists over time, rising to 43% in 2019. Women and those employed by a health care system were more likely to exit, and those in a small practice or in the South were less likely to exit.ConclusionThe overall number of clinically active rheumatology providers grew more than 20% over the last decade to a high of 6,036 in 2020, although this rate of growth appears to be flattening off in later years.image
Boosting the Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Performance Using Hydrophilic Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Suliman Munzir , Alarfaj Fatima , Usman Muhammad , AlAqad Khaled M. , Hussein Mohamed A. , Abdelnaby Mahmoud M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we employed a rapid and efficient microwave method to synthesize Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF‐303), which was subsequently embedded onto Palladium/Carbon (Pd/C) electrodes. The resulting hybrid material, Pd/C@MOF‐303, was thoroughly characterized, and its performance in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) was systematically investigated. The Pd/C@MOF‐303 composite exhibited remarkable improvements in HER performance compared to the unmodified Pd/C electrode. At a benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotentials for Pd/C and Pd/C@MOF‐303 were measured at 185 mV and 175 mV, respectively. This reduction in overpotential highlights the superior catalytic activity of the Pd/C@MOF‐303 hybrid material in facilitating the HER. Furthermore, the Pd/C@MOF‐303 electrode demonstrated enhanced HER activity, increased mass activity, and excellent charge transfer rates compared to its unmodified counterpart, Pd/C. The findings underscore the significance of the hydrophilic MOF‐303 in tailoring the surface characteristics of electrocatalysts, thereby offering insights into the design principles for advanced materials with superior performance in electrochemical applications.
Strategic Insertion of Heavy Atom to Tailor TADF OLED Material for the Development of Type I Photosensitizing Catalytic Red Emissive Assemblies
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe work presented in the manuscript describes a simple strategy for transforming thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (TADF OLEDs) compound 10‐(dibenzo[a,c]phenazin‐11‐yl)‐10H‐phenoxazine (DPZ‐PXZ) into type I photosensitizer 10‐(dibenzo[a,c]phenazin‐11‐yl)‐10H‐phenothiazine (DPZ‐PHZ) by strategically introducing sulfur atom in the photosensitizing core. The synthesized compound DPZ‐PHZ exhibits aggregation‐induced enhancement (AIE) and through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) characteristics and generates red emissive assemblies in mixed aqueous media. The original compound DPZ‐PXZ exhibits well‐separated HOMO and LUMO levels and is reported to have highly efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). In comparison, the incorporation of sulfur atom in the phenothiazine donor regulates the electronic communication between donor and acceptor units and promotes the intersystem crossing (ISC) in DPZ‐PHZ molecules. Interestingly, compound DPZ‐PHZ exhibits rapid activation of aerial oxygen for instant generation of superoxide radical anion. Backed by excellent type I photosensitizing activity, DPZ‐PHZ assemblies have high catalytic potential for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles and quinazolines derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The work presented in the manuscript provides an insight into the combination of heavy atom approach and TSCT for achieving adequate electronic communication between donor and acceptor units, balanced RISC/ISC, and stabilized‐charge separated state for the development of efficient type I photosensitizing assemblies.
Overexpression of Klotho gene using CRISPR/Cas9 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell motility in the human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Soykan Merve Nur , Gunes Sibel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite advances in early detection and treatment, colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths. The klotho (KL) gene plays a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. This study investigates the role of the KL gene in colorectal cancer by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to overexpress and knock out (KO) the KL gene in human colorectal cancer cells (Caco‐2). The effects of the changes were assessed by gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, scratch wound closure assays, colony formation assays, and immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that overexpression of the KL gene increased apoptosis and decreased cell motility in cancer cells, whereas knockout of the KL gene had the opposite role. The present study elucidates the mechanisms underlying this role and highlights the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as a gene editing tool in cancer research. Our data suggest that activation of the KL gene may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy and biomarker for studies in colorectal cancer.
Therapeutic Potential of Cornus Genus: Navigating Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Clinical Studies, and Advanced Delivery Approaches
Authors: Badoni Subhashini , Rawat Deepshikha , Mahato Arun Kumar , Jangwan Nitish Singh , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Alexiou Athanasios , Tayeb Haythum O. , Alghamdi Badrah S. , Papadakis Marios , Singh Mamta F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe genus Cornus (Cornaceae) plants are widely distributed in Europe, southwest Asia, North America, and the mountains of Central America, South America, and East Africa. Cornus plants exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities. These plants are exploited to possess various phytoconstituents such as triterpenoids, iridoids, anthocyanins, tannins and flavonoids. Pharmacological research and clinical investigations on various Cornus species have advanced significantly in recent years. Over the past few decades, a significant amount of focus has also been made into developing new delivery systems for Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis. This review focuses on the morphological traits, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and clinical studies on extracts and active constituents from plants of Cornus genus. The review also highlights recent novel delivery systems for Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis extracts to promote sustained and targeted delivery in diverse disorders. The overwhelming body of research supports the idea that plants from the genus Cornus have therapeutic potential and can be investigated in the future for treatingseveral ailments.
Preventing Cancer by Inhibiting Ornithine Decarboxylase: A Comparative Perspective on Synthetic vs. Natural Drugs
Authors: Sahu Preeti Nanda , Sen Anik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis perspective delves into the investigation of synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors, their patterns of inhibition, and the effectiveness of newly utilized natural compounds as inhibitors targeting the Ornithine decarboxylase enzyme. This enzyme is known to target the MYC oncogene, thereby establishing a connection between polyamine metabolism and oncogenesis in both normal and cancerous cells. ODC activation and heightened polyamine activity are associated with tumor development in numerous cancers and fluctuations in ODC protein levels exert a profound influence on cellular activity for inhibition or suppressing tumor cells. This perspective outlines efforts to develop novel drugs, evaluate natural compounds, and identify promising inhibitors to address gaps in cancer prevention, highlighting the potential of newly designed synthetic moieties and natural flavonoids as alternatives. It also discusses natural compounds with potential as enhanced inhibitors.
Prediction models to evaluate baking quality instruments for commercial wheat flour
Authors: Selga Louise , Johansson Eva , Andersson Roger 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLoaf volume is the main indicator of wheat flour quality, but test baking has major limitations. Here, prediction models were used to evaluate which methodology best captured the baking quality in Swedish commercial wheat flour and if the chemical composition of flour increased prediction accuracy.FindingsFlour type (e.g., winter vs. spring wheat) affected prediction model results significantly. Thus, separate prediction models should be developed for each flour type. Combining data from alveograph, farinograph, and glutomatic tests with protein and damaged starch gave the best prediction results. The main loaf volume predictors were dough strength for winter wheat, stability for spring wheat, and extensibility for flour blends. The composition of protein and arabinoxylan influenced several quality parameters but did not improve loaf volume predictions.ConclusionsBest predictions were obtained for winter wheat. Spring wheat and flour blend models contained only one latent variable, indicating that protein content was the main determinant for loaf volume in these samples.Significance and NoveltyThis study is one of few using prediction models to evaluate instrument suitability to determine loaf volume. Instruments suitable for predicting quality were determined for commercial winter wheat flour, which is the main product of Swedish mills.
Designing, refining and reflecting on 3 years of daily evidence surveillance for Australia's living national COVID‐19 guidelines
Authors: McDonald Steve , Turner Tari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAustralia's national living guidelines for COVID‐19 were launched in April 2020 and include over 200 recommendations to guide the clinical care of patients with COVID‐19. Until the guidelines were retired in August 2023, new evidence was continually monitored through daily surveillance. This paper describes the initial design for evidence surveillance (at a time when efforts to collate information on the novel coronavirus were in their infancy and often duplicative) and how it was refined throughout the pandemic. Among the wide range of sources monitored, the collections of COVID‐19 research from leading medical journals, medRxiv preprints and PubMed auto alerts proved the most enduring in identifying time‐critical and impactful evidence. The paper also explores how evidence was tracked and surveillance integrated into the overall evidence workflow by using messaging apps and communication platforms. Finally, we consider the implications for living guidelines and reflect on factors that contributed to the feasibility of daily surveillance: the clearly defined scope of the guidelines; focusing efforts on maximum impact; minimizing duplication by partnering with others; setting up simple but effective processes for managing evidence; and the value of continuous involvement of personnel from the outset. Australia's living COVID‐19 guidelines were underpinned by a novel approach to evidence surveillance that was feasible and essential in maintaining COVID‐19 living guidelines for over 3 years.
Each Interruption is an Opportunity: Novel Synthetic Strategies Explored Through Interrupted Click Reactions
Authors: Brunelli Francesca , Russo Camilla , Giustiniano Mariateresa , Tron Gian Cesare 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe particular and unique mechanism of the copper‐catalyzed reaction between azides and alkynes (CuAAC) has not only allowed for the efficient synthesis of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 1,4‐triazoles in excellent yields and under mild conditions, becoming the quintessential click reaction, but it has also enabled the straightforward formation of a metallocycle intermediate, the copper triazolyl. This, under suitable reaction conditions able to suppress its protonolysis, can be used either for the creation of new bicyclic triazolyl structures or for the generation of novel three or four‐component reactions. The aim of this review is to rationalize and unify all these transformations, which are collectively referred to as “interrupted click reactions”.
A higher non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio was associated with an increased risk of progression of nonculprit coronary lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Zhao Li , Zhang Yazhou , Wang Lili , Feng Qianqian , Cui Jing , Zhang Wenhong , Zheng Jianyong , Wang Dan , Zhao Fengjiao , He Jiangchun , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ratio of nonhigh‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) has been shown associated with various metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis in primary prevention. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between the non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and progression of nonculprit coronary lesion (NCCL) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).HypothesisOur study aimed to investigate the potential association between the non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and NCCL progression in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing PCI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of ACS patients who underwent coronary angiography twice at a single center from 2016 to 2022. Lipid measurements, demographic, clinical, and other laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. NCCLs were evaluated using quantitative coronary angiography. The primary outcome was the progression of NCCL. Patients were categorized based on NCCL progression and tertiles of the non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio. Associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 329 ACS patients who underwent PCI, with a median follow‐up angiography of 1.09 years. We found NCCL progression in 95 (28.9%) patients with acceptable low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol control (median: 1.81 mmol/L). Patients in the top tertile of the non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio had a higher risk of NCCL progression. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio remained a significant predictor for NCCL progression (adjusted odds ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.86;p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio predicts NCCL progression in ACS patients following PCI, providing a valuable tool for risk assessment and enhancing secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
The amphipathic design in helical antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Bui Thi Phuong Hai , Doan Ngan Hoa , Le Huy Binh , Vu Dinh Hoang , Luong Xuan Huy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmphipathicity is a critical characteristic of helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The hydrophilic region, primarily composed of cationic residues, plays a pivotal role in the initial binding to negatively charged components on bacterial membranes through electrostatic interactions. Subsequently, the hydrophobic region interacts with hydrophobic components, inducing membrane perturbation, ultimately leading to cell death, or inhibiting intracellular function. Due to the extensive diversity of natural and synthetic AMPs with regard to the design of amphipathicity, it is complicated to study the structure‐activity relationships. Therefore, this work aims to categorize the common amphipathic design and investigate their impact on the biological properties of AMPs. Besides, the connection between current structural modification approaches and amphipathic styles was also discussed.
Mouse and Rat Anesthesia and Analgesia
Authors: Oh Sang Su , Narver Heather L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnesthesia and analgesia play pivotal roles in ethically and humanely using animal models in research, especially concerning mice and rats. These rodent species, extensively utilized in scientific investigations due to their genetic resemblance to humans, serve as invaluable tools for studying diseases and testing treatments. Proper anesthesia and analgesia not only prioritize animal welfare but also heighten experimental validity by minimizing stress‐induced physiological responses. Recent years have seen remarkable advancements in anesthesia for mice and rats. The focus has shifted away from the ‘one size fits all’ toward tailoring anesthesia protocols, considering factors like age, strain, and the nature of the experimental procedure. The use of inhalation agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane is often preferred due to their rapid induction and recovery characteristics, allowing precise control over anesthesia depth. However, refinements in injectable anesthetic agents also provide researchers the flexibility to select suitable agents based on study requirements. Additionally, progress in analgesic techniques has led to effective pain management strategies for these rodents. Common analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and local anesthetics are administered to alleviate pain and discomfort. However, standard practice also involves continuous monitoring of animals' behavior and physiological parameters, ensuring timely adjustments in analgesic regimens for optimal pain relief without compromising experimental outcomes. By integrating tailored anesthesia and analgesia protocols into the experimental design, researchers uphold high animal welfare standards while obtaining reliable scientific data. This contributes significantly to advancing medical knowledge and therapeutic interventions with reproducible results. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Injectable anesthesia for mouse and ratBasic Protocol 2: Inhalant anesthesia using isoflurane for mouse and ratBasic Protocol 3: Analgesia for mice and rats
Enhancing environmental reporting: A study on the role of narrative disclosure, firm‐ and country‐level incentives
Authors: Arena Claudia , Bozzolan Saverio , Imperatore Claudia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMoving from the ongoing debate on the benefits of mandating environmental reporting, this paper provides an analysis of the role of narrative information quality in enhancing environmental reporting, considering the moderating effect of firm‐level and country‐level incentives. We examine an international sample of listed firms belonging to an environmental‐sensitive industry and construct disclosure indices based on a content analysis of the company's reporting. Results reveal that mandatory narrative information quality is positively associated with the quality of environmental reporting displaying a credibility effect beyond earnings quality. Country‐level factors that increase the demand for environmental information weaken this relation by reducing the marginal benefit of disclosing environmental information. Our approach advances existing literature on the link between CSR and financial reporting and highlights the unintended consequences of mandating environmental reporting.