bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ivermectin against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs 30 and 45 days after induced infection
Authors: Paul Allan J. , Todd Kenneth S. , Sundberg John P. , DiPietro Joseph A. , McCall John W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty-two Beagles, 14 to 15 weeks of age, were injected subcutaneously with 50 infective larvae of Dirofilaria immitis and were allotted by weight, within sex, to 6 treatment groups. Group 1 served as nonmedicated vehicle-treated controls; groups 2 through 5 were given an oral tablet form of ivermectin at dosages of 0.3 μg/kg, 1.0 μg/kg, 2.0 μg/kg, and 3.3 μg/kg at 30 days after inoculation; group 6 was given the 2.0 μg/kg dosage at 45 days after inoculation. Dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 154 days after treatment (day 139 for dogs in group 6) and examined for heartworms. On the numerical bases of helminths recovered in the groups, the efficacies for preventing heartworm maturation were 0% (group 2), 53.2% (group 3), 97.2% (group 4), 98.1% (group 5), and 63.8% (group 6). Drug-related adverse reactions were not detected.
Effect of yohimbine hydrochloride on serum prolactin concentration in the rat: Possible antagonist for fescue toxicosis
Authors: Jernigan Antoinette D. , Booth Nicholas H. , Robbins J. D. , Zahner Joanne M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Yohimbine hydrochloride is an indole alkaloid which blocks α2-adrenergic and dopamine receptors and stimulates serotonergic receptors. Yohimbine was selected for testing as a possible antagonist in fescue toxicosis. Reduced body weight gains in cattle with chronic fescue toxicosis may be due to ergot alkaloids produced by fungi which infect the fescue grass. Ergot alkaloids stimulate dopamine receptors, antagonize serotonin, and lower serum prolactin concentrations. It was hypothesized that yohimbine may reverse or counteract the effects of the toxic fescue. Investigation was made of the treatment effects of multiple doses of yohimbine given in rats by intraperitoneal and oral routes. Given intraperitoneally once a day for 8 days, yohimbine hydrochloride increased serum prolactin concentrations. When given orally in feed for 7 days, the drug decreased the serum prolactin concentration. The effects of yohimbine on prolactin concentrations were dependent on the dosages and routes of administration. The inability of yohimbine, when given orally, to increase serum prolactin levels decreased its potential usefulness for prolonged treatment of fescue toxicosis.
Morphologie changes induced by photoperiod in eyes of turkey poults
Authors: Davis G. S. , Siopes T. D. , Peiffer R. L. , Cook C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Large White commercial torm poults were grown from 1 day to 8 weeks of age in the following light treatments: (i) continuous incandescent light (24LL); (ii) 23 hours of incandescent light and 1 hour of darkness/day (23L:1D); (iii) 12 hours of incandescent light and 12 hours of darkness/day (12L:12D); or (iv) natural decreasing day lengths (natural). At 8 weeks of age, significant (P < 0.05) morphologic changes in eyes occurred. Poults exposed to the 24LL or 23L:1D had heavier eyes than did poults exposed to the 12L:12D or natural day length. In addition, the eye size (anterior to posterior diameter and horizontal width) exposed to the 24LL treatment was greater than those exposed to 23L:1D, 12L:12D, or natural day length. Cornea heights of poults exposed to 24LL or 23L:1D were smaller than cornea heights of those exposed to 12L:12D or natural day length. Marked differences did not occur in intraocular pressure among treatments.
Tidal breathing flow-volume loop analysis for clinical assessment of airway obstruction in conscious dogs
Authors: Amis Terence C. , Kurpershoek C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using a mask, pneumotachograph, and X-Y recorder, tidal breathing flow-volume loops (tbfvl) were evaluated in 33 healthy dogs and in 18 dogs with acquired obstructive respiratory tract disease. The loops were evaluated for qualitative shape, tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate, peak and midtidal inspiratory flow (pif and if50, respectively), peak and midtidal expiratory flow (pef and ef50, respectively), inspiratory and expiratory flow at end expiratory volume plus 25% VT (if25 and ef25, respectively), inspiratory time, and expiratory time. Indices of loop shape were developed by division of flow measurements (eg, pef/pif and if50/if25). Twenty healthy dogs had the same tbfvl (type 1). Typically, pef occurred at the beginning of expiration, and pif occurred toward the end of inspiration. Three other tbfvl types were identified in the remaining dogs. Mean coefficients of variation for tbfvl indices ranged from 7% to 18%. Dogs with a fixed-type upper airway obstruction (pharyngeal or laryngeal mass, n = 7) had tbfvl abnormalities, indicating inspiratory and expiratory phase flattening. Concavity or late expiratory phase flattening was detected in tbfvl from dogs with chronic bronchitis/tracheal collapse (n = 11). The tbfvl were easily evaluated in conscious dogs and were useful in the functional assessment of airway obstruction.
Forestomach epithelial receptor activation by rumen fluids from sheep given intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids
Authors: Crichlow E. C. , Leek B. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty-four reticuloruminal epithelial receptors were tested with rumen fluids obtained from 12 sheep before they were intraruminally infused with 4.0M acetic acid (8 sheep) or 4.0M butyric acid (4 sheep; preinfusion rumen fluid) and with rumen fluids obtained at the onset of ruminai stasis (abolition rumen fluid). The preinfusion rumen fluids from the 8 acetic acid-infused sheep (mean pH, 6.55) contained 1.7 mM nondissociated volatile fatty acids (vfa)/L and excited none of the 25 receptors tested. Preinfusion rumen fluids from the 4 butyric acid-infused sheep (mean pH, 6.98) contained 0.3 mM nondissociated vfa/L and also did not evoke responses in any of the 19 receptors tested.
Abolition rumen fluids from sheep treated with acetic acid excited 17 of the 25 receptors tested and contained 89.4 mM nondissociated vfa/L, of which nondissociated acetic acid comprised 85.0 mM/L. Abolition rumen fluids from sheep treated with butyric acid activated 14 of the 19 receptors tested and contained 61.1 mM nondissociated vfa/L, of which 38.7 mM/L was nondissociated butyric acid.
Preinfusion rumen fluids whose pH values were adjusted to that of abolition rumen fluids with HCl contained nondissociated vfa levels ranging from 16.3 mM/L (acetic acid-treated sheep) to 20.6 mM/L (butyric acid-treated sheep) and elicited responses in 4 of 30 receptors tested. Preinfusion rumen fluids whose pH values were adjusted to the pH value of abolition rumen fluid with acetic acid contained 29.5 mM nondissociated vfa/L and excited 7 of 13 tested receptors. Preinfusion rumen fluids whose pH values were adjusted to the pH of abolition rumen fluid with butyric acid had 66.0 mM nondissociated vfa/L and evoked responses in 14 of the 17 tested receptors.
Abolition rumen fluids whose pH values were adjusted (with NaOH) to the pH of preinfusion rumen fluids showed decreased concentrations of nondissociated vfa: from 63.6 mM/L to 5.6 mM/L in the acetic acid-treated sheep and from 61.1 mM/L to 0.8 mM/L in the butyric acid-treated sheep. These abolition rumen fluids with adjusted pH only activated 3 of the 36 receptors, whereas before pH was adjusted to preinfusion rumen fluid values, they had activated 28 receptors.
Conduction velocities and reflexes of the proximal and distal parts of the saphenous nerve of the dog
Authors: Whalen L. R. , Spurgeon T. L. , Carsten R. E. , Gould D. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The maximal conduction velocities of compound-action potentials in the proximal and distal parts of the saphenous nerve were determined by averaging potentials evoked and recorded through needle electrodes. Antidromic, triphasic compound-action potentials unipolarly recorded from the distal part of the saphenous nerve were of the same minimal latency as potentials having 4 phases which were recorded bipolarly from the same site. However, the unipolarly recorded potentials were of greater amplitude. Monophasic compound-action potentials were recorded through bipolar chlorided silver electrodes from the surface of fascicles of the distal part of the saphenous nerve. The maximal conduction velocity of these potentials was in agreement with the conduction velocity of compound-action potentials of the distal part of the saphenous nerve which were evoked and recorded through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The specificities of the stimulating and recording sites were verified by recording before and after the saphenous nerve was cut between the stimulating and recording sites. Mean conduction velocities were 62.3 ± 2.0 m/s for the distal part of the saphenous nerve and 66.3 ± 2.2 m/s for the proximal part of the saphenous nerve. Reflex-evoked muscle activity was elicited in the ipsilateral tensor muscle of the fascia lata and semimembranous muscle after electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The effects of various stimulus intensities on the latency and duration of these reflex-evoked muscle potentials were determined.
Effects of acetylpromazine on the hemodynamics of the equine metatarsal artery, as determined by two-dimensional real-time and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Walker Michael , Geiser Dennis 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Heart rate, blood velocity, volumetric blood flow, and arterial diameter for 10 horses given acetylpromazine were determined from measurements of the dorsal metatarsal artery 3 (the great metatarsal artery), using 2-dimensional real-time and gated pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. Acetylpromazine induced significant increases in arterial diameter (P < 0.01) and volumetric flow rate (P < 0.05)—all compatible with adrenergic blockade. There was a trend indicating that there was increased blood velocity. Heart rate was unchanged.
Adrenal cortical necrosis caused by T-2 mycotoxicosis in female, but not male, mice
Authors: Thurman J. D. , Creasia D. A. , Quance J. L. , Johnson A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experimentally, adrenal cortical parenchymal cell necrosis was induced by T-2 mycotoxin in female, but not male, mice. The lesion occurred in the adrenal glands in 11 of 11 female and 0 of 10 male mice given a nose-only aerosol exposure to T-2 mycotoxin. The necrosis, restricted to the zona fasciculata, began at the X zone interface and extended peripherally to involve 15% to 70% of the zone. Both light and transmission electron microscopies were used to determine whether the cellular and subcellular damage involved parenchymal cells of the zona fasciculata. Extensive necrosis of cortical thymocytes and necrosis of lymphoid cells in follicles of the spleen, lymph nodes, and intestine-associated lymphoid tissue were observed in both sexes. This is the first report to describe adrenal gland necrosis associated with exposure to T-2 mycotoxin.
Lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Roth James A. , Bolin Steven R. , Frank Dagmar Ε. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutrophil function and mononuclear cell proliferative responses to mitogens were determined in healthy cattle and in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus. Uptake of [3H]thymidine by resting and mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in cattle persistently infected with bvd virus than in healthy cattle. Neutrophils from cattle persistently infected with bvd virus had significantly impaired capability to ingest Staphylococcus aureus, but were normal in respect to random migration under agarose, cytochrome C reduction, iodination, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Impairment of neutrophil function in cattle persistently infected with bvd virus differs from impairment of neutrophil function reported in healthy cattle mounting an immune response to recent bvd virus infection.
Cloning and characterization of a canine oral papillomavirus
Authors: Sundberg John P. , O'Banion M. Kerry , Schmidt-Didier Elizabeth , Reichmann Manfred E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A papillomavirus, isolated from oral papillomas in young Beagles, was used to produce a live-virus vaccine. After the im use of this vaccine, some dogs developed squamous cell carcinomas at the inoculation site. The virus was isolated from the original vaccine and was cloned into pBR322. A detailed restriction map of the viral genome was generated.
Etiologic significance of bacterial isolates from rams with palpable epididymitis
Authors: Lozano E. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Identified and partly identified bacterial isolates were obtained from 48 rams of various breeds that had unilateral or bilateral epididymitis. Most of the animals were approximately 1 year of age; a few were older. Brucella ovis, Actinobacillus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Haemophilus spp, Acinetobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Moraxella spp, Staphylococcus spp, Pasteurella spp, Streptococcus spp, and Chlamydia psittaci were isolated.
A vaccine strain of B ovis, isolated species of bacteria, and mixtures of isolates of tissue homogenates containing all isolates except B ovis and C psittaci were inoculated via the mucous membranes of the eyes, nares, and prepuce. Palpable epididymitis was not produced by the inoculations. The vaccine strain of B ovis induced complement-fixation reactions in 11 of 20 rams.
Induction of ovulation in anestrous mares with pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Authors: Johnson A. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four seasonally anestrous mares (Standardbred), housed under a nonstimulatory photoperiod of 8 hours light:16 hours dark, were administered gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a pulsatile pattern (50 or 250 μg of GnRH/hour) for 8 to 18 days during February and March 1985. Treatment with GnRH, irrespective of dose or month, induced an increase in serum luteinizing hormone from a mean pretreatment value typical of anestrus (0.58 ± 0.02 ng/ml ± SE) to 10.84 ± 1.27 ng/ml on day 8 of GnRH treatment. Ovulation in the 4 mares occurred 8.8 ± 0.7 days after the initiation of pulsatile GnRH administration. In each instance, ovulation was followed by a functional corpus luteum, as indicated by a luteal phase (defined as the number of days on which serum levels of progesterone were greater than 1.0 ng/ml) which lasted 14.5 ± 0.6 days. These results indicate that infusion of GnRH in a pulsatile pattern is effective in inducing follicular development and ovulation in anestrous mares in the absence of a stimulatory photoperiod.
Diarrhea and malabsorption in calves associated with therapeutic doses of antibiotics: Absorptive and clinical changes
Authors: Rollin Ruth E. , Mero Kendall N. , Kozisek Peter B. , Phillips Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 28 healthy, nondiarrheal, colostrum-fed neonatal calves, 22 developed diarrhea after they were given (orally) for 3 to 5 days maximally recommended doses of chloramphenicol, neomycin, ampicillin, or tetracycline. Ampicillin-, neomycin-, or tetracycline-treated calves had significantly (P < 0.05) decreased and delayed glucose absorption during oral glucose tolerance tests. Chloramphenicol-treated calves had significantly (P < 0.05) higher base-line plasma glucose concentrations during the non-test period and had no significant increase in blood glucose concentrations during the tolerance tests compared with those in control calves.
Comparison of diluents for maintaining the viability of Cowdria ruminantium
Authors: Birnie E. F. , Endris R. G. , Logan L. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen solutions were compared to determine the optimal diluent for preservation of the viability of the Kwanyanga isolate of Cowdria ruminantium. They included the 2 diluents commonly used with C ruminantium and diluents proved effective with other rickettsiae. The capability of each diluent to maintain the viability of C ruminantium over a 3-hour period at room temperature was assessed by comparing the survival distributions of groups of outbred albino mice after they were inoculated iv with infected liver homogenates. The results indicated that the Snyder I diluent was significantly better at maintaining the viability of C ruminantium than were the other diluents studied.
Antifungal activity of ketoconazole with emphasis on zoophilic fungal pathogens
Authors: Gabal M. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The antifungal activity of ketoconazole was studied against fungal pathogens associated with various mycotic infections in animals. A concentration of 10 μg of ketoconazole/ml of medium proved fungicidal to Trichophyton verrucosum. The same concentration acted as a strong fungistat against the majority of the tested dermatophytes.
Yeasts were generally more sensitive than yeast-like pathogens. Ketoconazole also proved fungicidal against Pityrosporon canis and strongly inhibitory on Cryptococcus neoformans and Torulopsis famata at the lowest used concentration. Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus fumigatus required a higher concentration in order for the drug to demonstrate some gross changes. However, variable serious microscopic effects were detected. The most marked effect of ketoconazole was in connection with the dimorphic fungi. The action was fungicidal or strongly inhibitory on both the mycelial form and the tissue phase, respectively.
The effect of the drug involved both gross morphologic and microscopic changes of the fungi. The mechanism of action of the drug is described in detail. The results are promising and encouraging for the use of ketoconazole in veterinary medicine.
Preliminary evidence for a diagnostic immunoglobulin G1 antibody response among culture-positive cows vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 and challenge exposed with strain 2308
Authors: Butler J. E. , Seawright G. L. , McGivern P. L. , Gilsdorf M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The sera of cows inoculated with Brucella abortus have a characteristically high titer of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 antibodies to a soluble brucella antigen compared with sera of noninoculated vaccinated cattle. Concentrations of antigen-specific IgG1 were > 10-fold higher than those for IgG2, even though total IgG2 concentrations were higher than total IgG1 concentrations. Increases in IgG1 antibodies to Brucella abortus soluble antigen were detected shortly after vaccination in those cows from which strain 19 was isolated and by 28 weeks in cows from which strain 2308 was isolated. Increases in specific antibodies were not paralleled by increases in either total IgG1 or total IgG2 concentrations. Rather, there was a 15-fold to > 200-fold increase in specific activity, with up to 16% of the IgG1 specific for the brucella antigen used in the assay. Thus, measurement of changes in total IgG1 concentrations is not a reliable method to identify brucellosis-associated anti-Brucella abortus soluble antigen activity. Only one cow in a panel of 10 selected for detailed study showed a false-positive IgG1 titer, whereas some serologic assays showed as many as 4 or 5 false-positives. Results of the complement-fixation test, among the battery of serologic tests used for detection of brucellosis, best agreed with the occurrence of increased IgG1 antibody levels.
Characterization of lectin-binding lymphocytes in goats with caseous lymphadenitis
Authors: Hedden Jane A. , Thomas Cynthia M. , Songer J. Glenn , Olson George B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Numbers of lymphoid cells bearing markers for peanut agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, and anti-immunoglobulin G in healthy goats and in goats with caseous lymphadenitis were determined by use of immunofluorescent techniques. Results indicated that, when compared with healthy goats, diseased goats had normal numbers of anti-immunoglobulin G-positive cells (B cells), had significantly reduced numbers of peanut agglutinin-positive cells (T cells), and had fewer cells with receptor sites for Lens culinaris agglutinin and concanavalin A. Compared with healthy goats, numbers of peanut agglutinin-positive cells in goats with caseous lymphadenitis indicated that the goats may have had a compromised cell-mediated immunity.
Light microscopic and electron microscopic changes in the livers of cats with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction
Authors: Center S. A. , Castleman W. , Roth L. , Baldwin B. H. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic changes were studied in the livers of 6 cats at 25 to 54 days after their extrahepatic bile ducts were experimentally obstructed. Histologic findings included various degrees of bile duct dilatation, ductular proliferation, and peribiliary fibrosis. Concentric layers of dense, birefringent connective tissue surrounded midsized bile ducts. The degrees of bile duct proliferation, hepatocellular degeneration, and bile retention were similar in each cat, but the amount of periductular connective tissue increased with chronicity of bile duct obstruction.
Ultrastructural changes included marked swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial inner compartments, marked dilatation and distention of the canaliculi by bile casts, and numerical reduction of canalicular microvilli. Microvilli were often swollen and blunt. Mitochondria were swollen and long, and the cristae lacked normal distribution and density. Cytoplasmic accumulations of granular, electron-dense material and concentrically laminated arrays of material indicative of bile substances were also observed.
Cellular inflammatory response in the lungs of calves exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Lopez Alfonso , Maxie M. Grant , Ruhnke Louise , Savan Milton , Thomson Reginald G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three, 5, or 7 days after inoculation with bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus (n = 12) or Mycoplasma bovis (n = 12), groups of calves were exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica and were euthanatized 4 hours later. Histologic lesions in the lungs and the ratios of neutrophils to alveolar macrophages, collected by bronchoalveolar lavage, were compared with those of clinically healthy calves (n = 8) and calves inoculated with bvd virus only (n = 4), M bovis only (n = 4), or Ρ haemolytica only (n = 2). Inoculation with bvd virus or M bovis did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect on the neutrophil/macrophage ratio in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Aerosol exposure to Ρ haemolytica induced a marked and significant (P < 0.01) change in the neutrophil/macrophage ratio (from < 1:9 to > 9:1). The reversed neutrophil/macrophage ratio in calves exposed to Ρ haemolytica correlated well with the histologic changes in which small bronchi and bronchioles were plugged with purulent exudate. Inoculation with bvd virus did not induce gross or microscopic lesions in the lungs. Inoculation with M bovis resulted in a severe peribronchial lymphoid hyperplasia with mild exudation of neutrophils and macrophages into the cranioventral parts of the lungs.