bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A projection method‐based model for dam‐ and dyke‐break flows using an unstructured finite‐volume technique: Applications to the Malpasset dam break (France) and to the flood diversion in the Red River Basin (Vietnam)
Authors: Shi Yu‐e , Nguyen Kim Dan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA numerical model is presented for simulating dam‐break flows and flood diversions. The model is based on a projection method, which consists of combining the momentum and continuity equations to establish a Poisson‐type equation for the water surface level. The computed domain is discretized by finite volumes on an unstructured grid. A second‐order upwind scheme coupled with a least‐square technique is used for handling advection terms. The accuracy, stability and reliability of the present model are verified by comparing numerical results with observed data for the Malpasset dam‐break event. An application of flood diversion in Red River Basin is also reported. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel non‐upwind, interconnected, multi‐grid, overlapping numerical procedure for problems involving fluid flow
Authors: Abou‐Ellail Mohsen M. M. , Li Yuan , Tong Timothy W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel numerical procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in fluid flow is presented. The new scheme is passed on a non‐upwind, interconnected, multi‐grid, overlapping (NIMO) finite‐difference algorithm. In 2D flows, the NIMO algorithm solves finite‐difference equations for each dependent variable on four overlapping grids. The finite‐difference equations are formulated using the control‐volume approach, such that no interpolations are needed for computing the convective fluxes. For a particular dependent variable, four fields of values are produced. The NIMO numerical procedure is tested against the exact solution of two test problems. The first test problem is an oblique laminar 2D flow with a double step abrupt change in a passive scalar variable for infinite Peclet number. The second test problem is a rotating radial flow in an annular sector with a single step abrupt change in a passive scalar variable for infinite Peclet number. The NIMO scheme produced essentially the exact solution using different uniform and non‐uniform square and rectangular grids for 45 and 30° angle of inclination. All other schemes were unable to capture the exact solution, especially for the rectangular and non‐uniform grids. The NIMO scheme was also successful in predicting the exact solution for the rotating radial flow, using a uniform cylindrical‐polar coordinate grid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An anisothermal, compressible, piezoviscous model for journal‐bearing lubrication
Authors: Bollada P. C. , Phillips T. N. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCompressibility plays a significant role in the load‐bearing capacity of a journal bearing. This paper offers more realistic modelling of the lubricant than presented in an earlier paper (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2007; 55(11):1091–1120) by including variable sound speed, piezoviscosity and both temperature and shear thinning. The load‐bearing capacity of the journal bearing is sensitive to all of these attributes of the model, but piezoviscosity is found to be the most significant. The equations of motion are adapted to a moving frame to explore the stability of the journal in a more dynamic setting and it is found that a free journal using this model will spiral outward exhibiting half speed whirl. The model is discretized in 2D, semi‐implicitly in time and using the spectral element method in space. Numerical results are presented that highlight the contributions of the different elements in the model to journal stability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of regularized delta functions and feedback forcing schemes for an immersed boundary method
Authors: Shin Soo Jai , Huang Wei‐Xi , Sung Hyung Jin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe present an improved immersed boundary method for simulating incompressible viscous flow around an arbitrarily moving body on a fixed computational grid. To achieve a large Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number and to transfer quantities between Eulerian and Lagrangian domains effectively, we combined the feedback forcing scheme of the virtual boundary method with Peskin's regularized delta function approach. Stability analysis of the proposed method was carried out for various types of regularized delta functions. The stability regime of the 4‐point regularized delta function was much wider than that of the 2‐point delta function. An optimum regime of the feedback forcing is suggested on the basis of the analysis of stability limits and feedback forcing gains. The proposed method was implemented in a finite‐difference and fractional‐step context. The proposed method was tested on several flow problems, including the flow past a stationary cylinder, inline oscillation of a cylinder in a quiescent fluid, and transverse oscillation of a circular cylinder in a free‐stream. The findings were in excellent agreement with previous numerical and experimental results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DEM prediction of particle flows in grinding processes
Authors: Cleary P. W. , Sinnott M. D. , Morrison R. D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractParticle size reduction is a critical unit process in many industries including mineral processing, cement, food processing, pigments and industrial minerals and pharmaceuticals. The aim is to take large feed material and as efficiently as possible reduce the size of the particles to a target size range. Over time, a very large range of equipment has been developed to perform this for many materials and in many different conditions. Discrete element method (DEM) modelling is a computational tool that can allow detailed exploration of the particle flow and breakage processes within comminution equipment and can assist in developing a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the detailed processes occurring within. In this paper, we examine the particle and energy flows in representative examples of the equipment used in many grinding processes. We study a 36′ semi‐autogenous mill used in primary grinding for mineral processing, a ball mill used for cement clinker grinding, a grinding table also used for cement grinding, a tower mill used for fine grinding both in mineral processing and for industrial minerals and finally for an Isamill, which is used for ultra‐fine grinding in mineral processing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a novel and myeloid specific role of the leukemia‐associated fusion protein DEK‐NUP214 leading to increased protein synthesis
Authors: Ageberg Malin , Drott Kristina , Olofsson Tor , Gullberg Urban , Lindmark Anders 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe t(6;9)(p22;q34) chromosomal translocation is found in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The translocation results in a fusion between the nuclear phosphoprotein DEK and the nucleoporin NUP214 (previously CAN). The mechanism by which the fusion protein DEK‐NUP214 contributes to leukemia development has not been identified, and disruptions of normal cellular functions by DEK‐NUP214 have previously not been described. In the present study, a novel effect of the DEK‐NUP214 fusion protein is demonstrated. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in global protein synthesis in DEK‐NUP214 expressing cells. Furthermore, we conclude that this effect is not the result of dysregulated transcription but merely due to increased translation. Consistent with the association with AML, the increased protein synthesis mediated by DEK‐NUP214 is restricted to cells of the myeloid lineage. Analysis of potential mechanisms for regulating protein synthesis shows that expression of DEK‐NUP214 correlates to the phosphorylation of the translation initiation protein, EIF4E. The present data provide evidence that increase of translational activity constitutes a mechanism by which the leukemogenic effect of DEK‐NUP124 may be mediated. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and prognostic significance of different mRNA 5′‐end variants of the oncogene EVI1 in 266 patients with de novo AML: EVI1 and MDS1/EVI1 overexpression both predict short remission duration
Authors: Haas Katja , Kundi Michael , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Esterbauer Harald , Ludwig Wolf‐Dieter , Ratei Richard , Koller Elisabeth , Gruener Helga , Sauerland Cristina , Fonatsch Christa , Valent Peter , Wieser Rotraud 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRearrangements of chromosome band 3q26.2 lead to overexpression of the EVI1 gene and are associated with a poor prognosis in myeloid malignancies. EVI1 is also overexpressed in some cases without 3q26 rearrangements. To uncover its prognostic significance in this patient group, however, it may be necessary to distinguish among several known 5′‐end variants of its mRNA. According to a recent report, overexpression of the transcript variant EVI1_1d was associated with shortened survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but overexpression of MDS1/EVI1, whose protein product differs structurally and functionally from that of all other known EVI1 5′‐end variants, was not. The aim of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the expression and prognostic significance of all known EVI1 5′‐end variants in AML. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to measure the expression of EVI1_1a, EVI1_1b, EVI1_1d, EVI1_3L, and MDS1/EVI1 in 266 samples from patients with de novo AML. To correlate expression of the EVI1 5′‐end variants with survival parameters, regression analyses were performed. 41/266 patients (15.4%) overexpressed at least one, but more often several or all, EVI1 transcript type(s). High expression of each of the EVI1 mRNA variants, including MDS1/EVI1, was significantly associated with shortened continuous complete remission in the total patient population as well as in the subgroups of patients with intermediate risk or normal cytogenetics. The present study therefore shows that high levels of each of the known EVI1 mRNA 5′‐end variants represents an adverse prognostic factor in de novo AML without 3q26 rearrangements. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat.© 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlled delivery of platelet‐rich plasma‐derived growth factors for bone formation
Authors: Lu Helen H. , Vo Jennifer M. , Chin Hsin Sheila , Lin Jeffrey , Cozin Matthew , Tsay Rick , Eisig Sidney , Landesberg Regina 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) represents an autologous source of growth factors essential for bone regeneration. The clinical efficacy of PRP is, however, unpredictable, and this is likely due to the inefficient and inconsistent delivery of PRP‐derived growth factors. Previous investigations have shown that current methods of PRP preparation result in a premature release of the relevant bone stimulatory factors. As successful bone regeneration requires multiple factors presented in a physiologic temporal and spatial cascade, the objective of this study is to control the bioavailability of PRP‐derived growth factors using a hydrogel carrier system. Specifically, the release of platelet‐derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta‐1, and insulin‐like growth factor from two types of alginate carriers was compared over time. The effects of the released factors on the growth and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human osteoblast‐like cells were also evaluated. It was found that factor release profiles varied as function of carrier type, and binding of growth factors to the alginate matrix also modulated their release. The bioactivity of released factors was maintained in vitro and they promoted cell proliferation and ALP activity. These results demonstrate the potential of this autologous multifactor delivery system for controlling the bioavailability of PRP‐derived factors. Future studies will focus on optimizing this system to increase the clinical efficacy of PRP by matching the distribution and temporal sequencing of PRP‐derived factors to the bone healing cascade. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Effects of γ‐irradiation, storage and hydration on osteoinductivity of DBM and DBM/AM composite
Authors: Qiu Qing‐Qing , Connor Jerome 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of γ‐irradiation dose, irradiation temperature, hydration and storage condition on osteoinductivity of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and demineralized bone matrix/acellular dermal matrix (DBM/AM) composite. DBM and DBM/AM in dry and hydrated form were treated with γ‐irradiation of 15–40 kGy at ambient or low temperature (−40°C ∼ −70°C) and then stored at ambient condition for 6 months. The athymic rat muscle implant model was used to evaluate the osteoinductive potential of the DBM and DBM/AM composites. Histological and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity assessments were carried out at 28 days after implantation to determine the new bone formation and ALPase activity. Both histological and ALPase activity analysis showed that the osteoinductivity of DBM decreased with the increase of γ‐irradiation dose at ambient temperature, whereas no decrease occurred when treated with γ‐irradiation at low temperature. However, the hydrated DBM showed diminishing osteoinductivity after 6‐month storage at ambient condition, whereas the DBM in dry form retained their osteoinductivity after the 6‐months storage. The findings in this study indicate that DBM and DBM/AM composites could retain their osteoinductivity when they are in dry configuration and are irradiated at low temperature (−40°C ∼ −70°C) using the custom‐made cold γ‐irradiation system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Bioimaging of dexamethasone and TGF β‐1 and its biological activities of chondrogenic differentiation in hydrogel constructs
Authors: Na Kun , Kim Sungwon , Sun Bo Kyung , Woo Dae Gyun , Yang Han Na , Chung Hyung‐Min , Park Keun‐Hong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of poly(NiPAAm‐co‐AAc) as an injectable drug delivery vehicle and a cell therapeutic agent in the form of a supporting matrix for the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit chondrocytes. The hydrogel constructs, which consisted of embedded cells co‐encapsulating dexamethasone (Dex) and TGF β‐1 or unloaded Dex, were used as controls to determine the effects of Dex and TGF β‐1 on chondrogenic differentiation. The level of Dex and TGF β‐1 released was monitored using a bioimaging method. The amount of Dex released from hydrogel was faster than that of TGF β‐1. TGF β‐1 was present in hydrogel for more than 4 weeks after the injection. The level of the cartilage associated ECM proteins was examined by immunohistochemical staining for collagen type II as well as by Safranin‐O and Alcian blue (GAG) staining. These results highlight the potential of a thermo‐reversible hydrogel mixed with the chondrocytes and differentiation delivery material for applications in neocartilage formation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
CMV antibody prevalence and seroincidence in plateletpheresis donors
Authors: Boeke Caroline E. , Pauly Megan E. , Hatch‐Stock Holly , Jackson J. Brooks 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence and seroincidence of CMV seropositivity in plateletpheresis donors of different ages and gender. Methods: CMV antibody serostatus, birthdate, and date of first and most recent donation between the years 1976 and 2006 were retrieved from 222 plateletpheresis donor records at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Donor Center. CMV antibody serostatus was obtained for 183 donors at the most recent donation for which CMV antibody data were available. CMV antibody status and time interval between first and most recent donation were also obtained from 97 repeat plateletpheresis donors who were CMV antibody negative at time of first donation. Results: Overall CMV antibody positivity was 35.5% for 183 donors (mean age = 46.0 years) at time of most recent donation. CMV seropositivity tended to increase with age, being 37.5, 17.9, 37.5, 39.0, and 61.5% for donors aged 20–29 years (n = 8), 30–39 years (n = 39), 40–49 years (n = 64), 50–59 years (n = 59), and 60+ years (n = 13), respectively. Overall CMV seroincidence was 1.6 seroconversions per 100 person years with a rate of 1.4 seroconversions per 100 years for men and 2.3 for women. Conclusion: CMV seroprevalence and seroincidence in this plateletpheresis donor population are relatively low so that a large percentage of donors are likely to be able to provide CMV seronegative platelet components for many years. Our data suggest that targeting groups with lower CMV seroprevalence and seroincidence rates such as young people and possibly men will likely yield the highest percentage of CMV seronegative donors. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine mapping and functional activity of the adenosine deaminase origin in murine embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Sibani Sahar , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Di Paola Domenic , Zannis‐Hadjopoulos Maria 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDNA replication initiates at origins within the genome. The late‐firing murine adenosine deaminase (mAdA) origin is located within a 2 kb fragment of DNA, making it difficult to examine by realtime technology. In this study, fine mapping of the mAdA region by measuring the abundance of nascent strand DNA identified two origins, mAdA‐1 and mAdA‐C, located 397 bp apart from each other. Both origins conferred autonomous replication to plasmids transfected in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and exhibited similar activities in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, both were able to recruit the DNA replication initiator proteins Cdc6 and Ku in vitro, similar to other bona fide replication origins. When tested in a murine Ku80−/− cell line, both origins exhibited replication activities comparable to those observed in wildtype cells, as did the hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and c‐myc origins. This contrasts with previously published studies using Ku80‐deficient human cells lines and suggests differences in the mechanism of initiation of DNA replication between the murine and human systems. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 773–784, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On substructures of abelian difference sets with classical parameters
Authors: Jennings Kevin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe constrain the structure of difference sets with classical parameters in abelian groups. These include the classical Singer 7 and Gordon et al. 4 constructions and also more recent constructions due to Helleseth et al. 5, 6 arising from the study of sequences with ideal autocorrelation properties. A unified overview of the known families is given in 3 and 3. We show here that any abelian difference set with these parameters inherits a very regular intersection property with regard to subgroups. We show in particular that a planar difference set can always be found embedded in an abelian difference set of odd order whose parameters are those of a 5‐dimensional projective geometry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 182–190, 2008
Vascular smooth muscle cell polyploidy: An adaptive or maladaptive response?
Authors: McCrann Donald J. , Nguyen Hao G. , Jones Matthew R. , Ravid Katya 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolyploidy is a state in which a cell contains multiple copies of its entire genome, while a normal diploid cell contains only two sets of homologous chromosomes. Although widely studied and pervasive in nature, the signals and mechanisms of polyploidization and its accompanying operational consequences are still unclear. This review focuses on relevant questions in deciphering the regulation of polyploidization of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in mammals and the role of polyploidy in various vascular pathologies, such as hypertension and aging. Additionally, we will explore new investigations in polyploidization of VSMCs involving the rapidly expanding fields of oxidative stress and senescence. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 588–592, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practical experiences from the development of aqueous two‐phase processes for the recovery of high value biological products
Authors: Benavides Jorge , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe development of recovery processes using aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) has been limited by the extensive experimental work required to establish the optimal system parameters to ensure selective partitioning of the product of interest. Although using full factorial experiments has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy for the characterization of the partitioning behaviour of biological products in ATPS, this approach is characterized by its costly and time consuming nature. As an alternative, the use of a robotic‐aided strategy has been proposed. However, the need for high cost equipment may limit the generic implementation of this strategy. Based on practical experience using ATPS, practical strategies for the predictive design of primary recovery processes using polymer–salt systems were derived. To evaluate the generic application of the proposed strategies, four experimental models (B‐phycoerythrin, C‐phycocyanin, double layered rotavirus‐like particles and lutein) were selected. The application of these strategies resulted in the development of simplified recovery processes for the selected experimental models. The practical review presented is considered a relevant contribution that will provide general rules to facilitate the establishment of ATPS processes, particularly for new researchers in the field. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Challenges and trends in bioseparations
Authors: Asenjo Juan A , Andrews Barbara A 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper the issues and challenges presented 15 years ago for performing efficient separation processes for recombinant proteins are revised and discussed. Competitive advantage in production was seen as not only dependent on innovations in molecular biology and other areas of basic biological sciences but also on innovation of separations and downstream processes. The trend to develop techniques that exploit fundamental physicochemical principles more efficiently was emphasized, including analysis of the physicochemical properties of proteins and its relation to efficiency in bioseparation. 15 years ago the main thrust was also focused on the development of novel techniques. Clearly the challenges faced today, where highly optimized and efficient production processes exist, are dramatically different. The use of mathematical models for optimizing chromatographic separations and simplifying validation of such operations is extremely advantageous. Their use constitutes an example of how the challenges that bioseparations are facing and will be facing within the next few years can be met. Such models should be extended to a larger number of proteins, chromatographic procedures and experimental conditions. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry