bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE METABOLISM OF SMALL AND OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF PROGESTERONE IN MAN
Authors: Harkness R. A. , Davidson D. W. , Strong J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of small and of large amounts of progesterone has been studied in two adrenalectomised ovariectomised women. After the injection of (4-14C) progesterone combined with 25 or 300 mg of unlabelled progesterone, the daily excretion of metabolites was serially studied. The amounts of radioactivity recovered in the free, glucuronide and sulphate fractions were determined and an increase in the sulphate fraction noted on the larger dose of hormone. In the glucuronide fraction which contained the majority of the extractable radioactivity, no alteration in the countercurrent distribution or chromatographic pattern of metabolites was noted with size of dose. Polar metabolites bearing one or more additional hydroxyl groups were quantitatively important but it was confirmed that 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol was the major identifiable metabolite. Some evidence was obtained that the complete reduction of steroid hydroxyl and ketone groups may occur to a small extent. Urinary progesterone, at least in part, was found to behave like an unstable enol-glucuronide. Levels of progesterone in urine during pregnancy and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were higher than during the follicular phase.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Pasqualini J. R. , Mozere G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two previable human foetuses were perfused at midpregnancy with corticosterone-1,2-3H and the metabolites formed were isolated from the various tissues and perfusates. With the exception of the adrenals, the bulk of the radioactive material present in the perfusates and various foetal tissues was in an unconjugated form.
The following compounds were isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form: 21-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (liver, intestines, lungs, adrenals, residual foetal tissues and perfusates), 11β,20β,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (liver, intestines, lungs, residual foetal tissues and perfusates), 3α,11β,21-trihydorxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (liver, intestines, lungs, residual foetal tissues and perfusates), 6β,11β,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (liver, intestines, lungs, residual foetal tissues and perfusates), and 11β-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dion-21-yl sulphate (liver, intestines, lungs, adrenals, residual foetal tissues and perfusates). In addition, 20β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (liver, lungs, residual foetal tissues and perfusates) was identified by its chromatographic behaviour prior and subsequent to the formation of various derivatives. Finally, small quantities of corticosterone, 11β,20β,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one and 3α,1 1β,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregn-20-one were detected in the glucuronide fraction of the intestines, residual foetal tissues and perfusates.
A concept is presented describing the metabolism of corticosterone in the human foetus at midpregnancy.
THE EFFECT OF HEPARIN ON SODIUM CONSERVATION AND ON THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION, THE METABOLIC CLEARANCE AND THE SECRETION AND EXCRETION RATES OF ALDOSTERONE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Bailey Richard E. , Ford Henry C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of heparin administration on various aspects of the response to Na restriction have been investigated in a group of carefully studied healthy subjects. Administration of heparin following the attainment of Na balance during Na restriction resulted in a decline in the plasma aldosterone concentration and in the aldosterone excretion and secretion rates; natriuresis and an increase in salivary Na/K ratio also occurred. No change in the metabolic clearance of aldosterone was observed. Plasma renin activity was increased during heparin administration and no change in plasma renin substrate concentration occurred (one subject). Administration of heparin both before and during Na restriction almost completely inhibited the increase in aldosterone production but the decline in urinary Na excretion during the adjustment period was not greatly altered when compared to that occurring in the absence of heparin.
INFLUENCE OF CHLOROPHENOXYISOBUTYRATE (CPIB) ON THYROID PARAMETERS
Authors: Hansen J. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) added to serum in vitro increases the quantity of dialysable thyroxine. The same effect can be obtained in vivo following large doses of the preparation. After low doses, increase in serum proteinbound iodine (PBI) is observed and with higher doses this increase is not observed, probably because of the thyroxine-displacing effect. Free thyroxine increases in practically all patients investigated. In long-term treated patients the alterations in dialysable thyroxine, serum proteinbound iodine and free thyroxine are transient; pre-treatment values being regained in the course of ½–4 months. 131I uptake in the thyroid gland is influenced irregularly and transiently possibly via inhibition of the thyrotrophin production in the hypophysis. The effect of CPIB on serum cholesterol appears, in long-term therapy, to be completely independent of the effect on these thyroid parameters. This observation is also supported by the fact that the 14C-testosterone metabolism is normal in patients receiving long-term therapy.
TISSUE TO PLASMA RATIOS OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF 3H-LYSINE8-VASOPRESSIN AND 3H-MANNITOL
Authors: Willumsen N. B. S. , Bie P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After intravenous injection of synthetic 3H-Lys8-vasopressin to intact rats and rats in which the liver and kidneys had been excluded from the circulation, the tissue water to plasma water ratios of radioactivity were determined, usually 12 min after injection, for the following tissues: The adenohypophysis, the neurohypophysis, the median eminence, parts of the hypothalamus containing the supraoptic nuclei, and pieces of the cerebellar cortex. The results were compared with those obtained in similar experiments using 3H-mannitol.
Radioactivity could not be shown to accumulate in any part of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. Radioactivity disappeared from the plasma in the rats with excluded liver and kidneys at a rate not strikingly different from that in intact rats.
In separate experiments, identical in procedure, radiochromatography was performed on plasma samples. The ratio of 3H-tyrosine to 3H-Lys8-vasopressin was about 1 already two min after the injection, both in intact and operated rats. These results seem to indicate a considerable extra-abdominal breakdown of 3H-Lys8-vasopressin, and demonstrate that without special precautions, measurements of tissue and plasma radioactivities cannot be taken as indicators of labelled hormone, even when the organs which have been considered to be the major site of hormone breakdown have been excluded from the circulation.
CONTENT OF SOME ADRENAL STEROIDS IN THE CYST FLUID FROM A LYMPHANGIOMATOUS ADRENAL CYST
Authors: Faarvang H. J. , Francis D. , Buus O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of lymphangiomatous adrenal cyst containing 30 ml of cyst fluid, found at autopsy, is reported. The cyst wall contained islands of intact adrenocortical tissue just below the endothelium suggesting the possibility of a direct secretion of hormones into the cyst fluid.
The content of cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and deoxycortisol in the cyst fluid was 250, 7.5, 30 and 7.5 μg per 100 ml, respectively. The ratios between the concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone and cortisol and deoxycortisol were a little below the lower range limits for those found in mixed venous blood from normal subjects, whereas the ratio between cortisol and cortisone in the cyst fluid was much larger than the same ratio in mixed venous blood from normal subjects.
RNA METABOLISM IN SEMINAL VESICLE AND PROSTATE OF IMMATURE RATS FOLLOWING CASTRATION AND ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT
Authors: Fujii Tomoko , Villee Claude 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The incorporation of 3H-cytidine into cytoplasmic but not into nuclear RNA of the ventral prostate decreased 8 hours after castration in 5-week old rats. The radioactivities of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs in the seminal vesicle were unchanged at this time. The seminal vesicle responded more markedly than ventral prostate to a single injection of testosterone with increased growth and increased synthesis of RNA and proteins.
The incorporation of 14C-proline into protein was increased by testosterone at 12 hours in the seminal vesicle and at 24 hours in the ventral prostate. The specific activity of the protein in the liver decreased significantly 72 hours after castration and increased 48 hours after the administration of testosterone.
THE RESPONSE OF THE RAT TESTIS TO PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF AN ANDROGEN ANTAGONIST (CYPROTERONE)
Authors: Mietkiewski Kazimierz , Lukaszyk Andrzej 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of the generative and interstitial parts of rat testes to prolonged injection of 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione (cyproterone) was investigated. Cyproterone was injected in 10 mg daily doses. The response of the gonads in the course of the experiment was assessed on the basis of their morphological picture and histochemical reactions.
Injections of cyproterone brought about the involution of seminiferous tubules as well as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the interstitial gland, with morphological and histochemical signs of increased secretion of androgens. Prolonged treatment with injection of anti-androgen (44 and 56 days) is, however, followed by the restoration of spermatogenesis and a partial reduction of the interstitial gland. The authors interpret this phenomenon as the result of the suppression of the cyproterone-induced competitive inhibition of the action of androgens on their central and peripheral receptors. One explanation may be the high level of endogenous androgens produced by the hypertrophied interstitial gland.
DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT
Authors: Schollberg K. , Seiler E. , Holtorff J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females.
The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.
UTERO-OVARIAN RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER.
Authors: Duby R. T. , McDaniel J. W. , Spilman C. H. , Black D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
At least half of one uterine horn is required for normal regression of the corpora lutea in the pseudopregnant hamster. Although removal of any portion of the uterus slightly increased the duration of pseudopregnancy, only unilateral hysterectomy or unilateral hysterectomy and removal of the contralateral ovary did so significantly (P < 0.05). The presence of a sterile horn did not influence foetal development in the contralateral horn. No differences were observed in corpus luteum size between the right and left ovaries of animals unilaterally hysterectomized or unilaterally pregnant. Normal oestrous cycle activity continued following transplantation of the ovaries to the cheek pouches and pseudopregnancies were of normal duration. It is concluded from these observations that the amount of uterine tissue is of greater importance in regulating luteal regression in the hamster than its anatomical relationship to the ovary.
STEROID FORMATION IN PORCINE OVARIAN TISSUE IN VITRO
Authors: Aakvaag Asbjørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovarian tissue slices from the sow have been incubated simultaneously with pregnenolone and progesterone as substrates, one being labelled with 3H, the other with 14C. Progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were isolated in a radiochemically pure form; the isotope ratios and the specific activities were determined after chemical quantitation by gas chromatography.
Both substrates were used in the biosynthesis of the isolated compounds. The isotope ratios in progesterone, 17α-hydroxy-progesterone and androstenedione were identical or very similar, indicating that androstenedione was formed solely via the progesterone pathway. The results of a time study were in agreement with this conclusion. From the specific activities of the isolated steroids it appeared that the exogenous radioactivity and endogenous substrates were metabolized in a very similar manner.
Pregnenolone sulphate was metabolized to the same isolated steroids. The first step in the conversion of this substrate appeared to be removal of the sulphate group.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF URINARY PREGNANETRIOL, PREGNANETRIOLONE, TETRAHYDRO S AND Δ5-PREGNENETRIOL IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION
Authors: Thomas Frances J. , Steinbeck A. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modified method for the estimation of urinary pregnanetriol, pregnanetriol, pregnanetriolone, Δ5-pregnenetriol and tetrahydro S was investigated. The steroids, separated by chromatography, were measured quantitatively, tetrahydro S by reaction with blue tetrazolium and the other three as acetaldehydogenic substances.
The excretion of these steroids was studied in suspected instances of adrenal and/or ovarian disease. Urinary pregnanetriol and tetrahydro S levels were normal in Cushing's syndrome, secondary adrenocortical carcinoma, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, idiopathic hirsutism and hypertension. Tetrahydro S was doubtfully elevated in an instance of ectopic ACTH Cushing's syndrome. Pregnanetriol excretion was elevated in untreated cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and after treatment in some. Pregnanetriolone was found in all patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, including those receiving cortisone. Pregnanetriolone was also detected in Cushing's syndrome, secondary adrenocortical carcinoma, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, ectopic ACTH Cushing's syndrome and suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Δ5-pregnenetriol was present as a glucuronide in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism. The diagnostic implications of these results are discussed.
EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION ON ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS BY RAT ADRENAL TISSUE
Authors: Müller J. , Gross F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aldosterone biosynthesis by quartered adrenal glands from rats with different forms of experimental renal hypertension due to clamping of one renal artery, was studied under various in vitro conditions. During incubation without aldosterone-stimulating substances, the adrenals of rats with one renal artery clamped and the other kidney left intact produced 200 % more aldosterone from endogenous precursors and converted 50 % more added tritium-labelled pregnenolone, progesterone or corticosterone to aldosterone than adrenals of control animals. The difference in aldosterone production was less marked when serotonin, KCl or ACTH was added to the incubation medium. The production of corticosterone and of deoxycorticosterone, respectively, was almost the same in adrenals of both groups of rats under most in vitro conditions. The marked rise in aldosterone production seen in the presence of an intact contralateral kidney was partially or completely inhibited, when simultaneously with renal artery constriction, the contralateral kidney was removed or the ureter of either the clamped or the contralateral kidney was ligated. These results indicate that in rats with experimental renal hypertension, increases in aldosterone production are correlated with increases of plasma renin activity and of the renin content of the clamped kidney, but are independent of changes in blood pressure. Since chronically elevated levels of plasma or renal renin activity act mainly in the early stages of aldosterone biosynthesis, it is concluded that the marked activation in the final stages of aldosterone biosynthesis observed in sodium deficiency is not mediated by the renin-angiotensin system.
THE HYPOCALCAEMIC AND HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS FROM CHICKEN ULTIMOBRANCHIAL GLANDS
Authors: Sorensen O. Helmer , Nielsen S. Pors 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Acid extracts of chicken ultimobranchial and thyroid glands were assayed in the rat for their effects on serum calcium and phosphate. The concentration of a hypocalcaemic factor in the ultimobranchial tissue was more than 100 times greater than that found in pig thyroid tissue. No hypocalcaemic activity was found in the chicken thyroid gland. An extract of the ultimobranchial glands was found to have a significant hypophosphataemic effect in the rat. This fact combined with the parallelism of the log dose-response curves found for the ultimobranchial gland extract and a calcitonin standard, suggests that hypocalcaemic factor is similar to mammalian calcitonin.
STUDIES ON THE TRANSFER OF THIO-OXAZOLIDONE-TYPE GOITROGENS INTO COW'S MILK IN GOITRE ENDEMIC DISTRICTS OF FINLAND AND IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Arstila A. , Krusius F-E. , Peltola P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In six out of nine milk specimens from farms in a goitre district of Finland and in five out of eight from two other goitre districts, 1-5-vinyl-2-thio-oxazolidone (VTO) was found in amounts corresponding to concentrations of 35 to 100 μg/l by means of a slightly modified method of Kreula & Kiesvaara (1959). Applying this modification it was found that even that part of VTO could be assayed which changes during the storage of the milk samples, but still retains its goitrogenic activity. Later on, when the cruciferous weeds that grow abundantly in the pastures and meadows of these farms had been destroyed, VTO was no longer demonstrable in the milk samples. These weeds were shown to contain large amounts of VTO both in the green parts and seeds.
The concentration of VTO found in the milk exceeded the level necessary to explain the goitrogenic effect of this milk when fed to rats in long-term experiments. According to preliminary studies, this amount would even induce a goitrogenic effect in man. Thus it might well be responsible, at least in part, for the goitre endemic in these districts.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF INSULIN IN PLASMA AND URINE IN OBESE SUBJECTS AND IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Jorgensen Kai R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By the use of the double antibody method the immunologically demonstrable insulin, both in the plasma and urine of obese subjects without clinically manifest diabetes and in diabetics who had not been treated with insulin has been determined.
In obese subjects without clinically manifest diabetes, hyperinsulinism was found both in the fasting state and during the glucose tolerance tests. In these subjects the 24-hour urinary excretion of insulin was significantly higher than in that of normal subjects.
In obese diabetics the mean fasting plasma insulin concentration was found to be significantly higher than in normal subjects, but during oral glucose tolerance tests, despite marked hyperglycaemia, the increase in the mean plasma insulin concentration was only of the same order as in that of normal subjects and had a maximum that was reached later. The 24-hour urinary excretion of insulin in obese diabetics was of the same order as in that of normal subjects.
In non-obese diabetics the mean fasting plasma insulin concentration was lower than in normal subjects and lowest in the poorest regulated diabetics with high fasting blood sugar and ketonuria. During glucose tolerance tests it was not possible to demonstrate any increase in the plasma insulin concentration in the non-obese diabetics with ketonuria, while in non-obese diabetics without ketonuria a slight increase in the plasma insulin concentration was found during glucose tolerance tests. The 24-hour urinary excretion of insulin was reduced in relation to the excretion in normal subjects.
Thus, the investigations have shown that hyperinsulinism should be regarded as a characteristic of obesity per se, while the clinically manifest diabetes is always connected with hypoinsulinism in relation to body weight.
EFFECT OF PRE-PUBERTAL GONADECTOMY AND TREATMENT WITH SEX HORMONES ON BODY GROWTH, WEIGHT OF ORGANS AND SKIN COLLAGEN OF HAMSTERS
Authors: Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gonadectomy was performed in young hamsters of both sexes at the age of 21 days, immediately after weaning. Animals were then treated for 14 weeks with testosterone propionate or oestrone. Intact controls and gonadectomized non-treated hamsters were also studied. Ponderal and linear growth was determined by weekly measurements. At the end of the experiment the weight of some organs was determined. Skin was studied for collagen content by the determination of total and saline-soluble hydroxyproline. Previously reported effects of sex hormones and gonadectomy on the growth of hamsters and on adrenals were confirmed. Females grew larger than males of the same age and after gonadectomy the growth of males of the same age was accelerated. Another sexual dimorphism reversed in hamsters in comparison with other rodents was adrenal weight: males had heavier adrenals than females. These differences were considered to be due to the action of androgens.
Skin hydroxyproline was significantly higher in hamsters of both sexes treated with testosterone propionate than in intact, castrated and/or in oestrone-treated animals. The stimulatory action of male hormone on both total and soluble hydroxyproline was considered due to the anabolic effect of testosterone propionate on both synthesis and metabolism of skin collagen in hamsters.
NEONATAL CORTICOID ADMINISTRATION: EFFECTS UPON ADULT PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE AND HYPOTHALAMIC GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE ACTIVITY
Authors: Sawano Shinji , Arimura Akira , Schally Andrew V. , Redding Tommie W. , Schapiro Shawn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg cortisone or cortisol acetate was given to rats during the first post-natal day. As others have reported, retardation of growth, detectable a week after birth, resulted. On reaching five to six weeks of age, treated rats had no detectable growth hormone (GH)-releasing activity in their hypothalami and little GH or thyrotrophin (TSH) activity in their pituitaries. These observations suggest that the growth retardation of rats treated neonatally with these steroids may be due, at least in part, to lack of pituitary GH resulting from impaired synthesis of GH-releasing hormone (GRH**) and also to lack of TSH.
RADIOIMMUNOLOGISCHE LH-BESTIMMUNG IM BLUTSERUM VOM RIND UNTER BESONDERER BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DES BRUNSTZYKLUS
Authors: Schams D. , Karg H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
For radioimmunoassay of LH in bovine blood the preparation LER-LH-791-l as antigen for radioiodination and the double antibody technique using filtration for separation was applied. LH-determinations were carried out in about 700 serum samples from 5 cows and 1 heifer during a total of 13 oestrous cycles. Basic levels normally ranged between 0.4 and 2.7 ng LH/ml serum. Distinct peaks, which were represented by values between 3 and 62 ng/ml, appeared no longer than 6 hours.
Commonly, one peak could be demonstrated around day 8 or 9 of the cycle, another 15 – 22 hours prior to ovulation; the latter is sometimes accompanied by movements of the LH level, performing also peaks a day before and/or after this more distinct preovulatoric peak. In some cases an extra peak occurred 3 – 6 days before ovulation. The finding of LH release twice (or more times) during the bovine cycle is in agreement with preliminary results obtained by earlier studies with the OAAD-test