bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐economic status, indoor and outdoor work, and malignant melanoma
Authors: Cooke K. R. , Skegg D. C. G. , Fraser J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong New Zealand non‐Maori men, professional, technical, administrative and managerial workers had the highest incidence and mortality rates for malignant melanoma of the skin; labourers and workers in production and transport had the lowest rates. Reclassification of occupations, in terms of both socio‐economic status and a three‐step scale of outdoor exposure during work, suggested that differences between occupational groups were determined by differences in socio‐economic status. Outdoor work exposure seemed to have little effect on the risk of melanoma.
Isoenzyme pattern and subcellular localization of hexokinases in human breast cancer and nonpathological breast tissue
Authors: Gudnason Vilmundur , Ingvarsson Sigurdur , Jonasdottir Adalbjörg , Andresdottir Valgerdur , Egilsson Valgardur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubcellular distribution of hexokinase (HK) isoenzymes in 22 human breast cancers (21 primary cancers and I axillary metastatic growth) and 7 non‐pathological human mammary gland tissue samples was studied with starch gel electrophoresis on isolated cell fractions obtained by differential centrifugation. Fractions used were cytosol, mitochondria and microsomes. A comparison of two methods for detecting HK activity was made, yielding different results regarding HK II and HK III. A method based on the ability of NADPH to fluoresce in UV gave a constant pattern of HK isoenzymes. In non‐pathological breast tissue, only HK I was seen, i.e. in the cytosol and the microsomal fractions. HK I was also seen in all fractions of the cancers, but another more anodal band of HK I, as well as HK II and HK III, consistently appeared in the cytosol fractions. The more commonly used staining technique with tetrazolium dye revealed HK II in 45% and HK III in 50% of the samples. The pattern of HK isoenzymes in the cancers was the same irrespective of estrogen and progesterone cytosolic receptor contents and the histology of the tumors. The fluorescence method is, therefore, much more sensitive than the tetrazolium technique for detecting HK activity after electrophoresis and could explain difference in results obtained by various laboratories.
Geographical distribution of breast cancer in the USSR
Authors: Merabishvili V. M. , Semiglazov V. F. , Serova L. S. , Buslayeva M. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis work presents statistical data on breast cancer incidence in the population of the USSR and the Union republics (1970‐1980). Mortality rates for the population are also presented, together with trends in compilation of breast cancer patient contingents. The study was based on summarized data on breast cancer incidence and patient follow‐up carried out by oncological institutions.
Enhancement of lung‐colonizing ability of cloned low‐metastatic lewis lung carcinoma cells by treatment with highly polar compounds
Authors: Takenaga Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of low‐metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells (P‐29) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in vitro enhanced their lung‐colonizing ability. The effects of other highly polar compounds on the lung‐colonizing ability of P‐29 cells were examined. The following compounds were found to enhance the lung‐colonizing ability of the cells: acetamide, N‐methylacetamide, N‐methylformamide, N,N‐dimethylformamide, piperidone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide. Treatment of P‐29 cells with DMSO or other polar compounds resulted in increases in activities of degradative enzymes, such as cathepsin B and plasminogen activator. The increases in cathepsin B and plasminogen activator activities were apparent after a 24 h treatment with DMSO and were suppressed by simultaneous treatment with cycloheximide, which suggested that they were due to syntheses of new proteins. DMSO‐treated P‐29 cells degraded [3H]leucine‐labelled subendothelial matrix much more than did untreated cells. P‐29 cells treated with DMSO or other polar compounds became attached to culture dishes more rapidly and were more resistant to detachment by trypsin treatment than untreated cells. A significant correlation was found between the degrees of adhesiveness of P‐29 cells treated with various polar compounds and their lung‐colonizing abilities.
Role of T suppressor cells in the cycling of the immune response against a murine fibrosarcoma
Authors: Payelle Béatrice , Lespinats Geneviève , Tlouzeau Sylvie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntitumor immunity against a fibrosarcoma in C57BL/6 mice was obtained by means of a semi‐allogenic somatic hybrid cell derived from the fusion of this C57BL/6 fibrosarcoma (MCB6‐1) and A9 cells of C3H origin. In a Winn assay, this immunity could be transferred by T lymphocytes to normal C57BL/6 recipient mice during an early and a late phase after immunization. There appeared to be a transient non‐responsive period during which no immunity could be transferred. Injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) into mice before immunization increased the level of immunity during this period, and reconstitution of animals with normal spleen cells abolished the effect of CY. During the non‐responsive period, suppressor cells were demonstrated in the spleen: the i.v. transfer of these suppressor cells to normal mice significantly inhibited the induction of antitumor immunity; the suppressive effect was transferred by T lymphocytes of the Lyt‐2+ phenotype. No suppressive effect on antitumor protection was observed when suppressor cells were transferred simultaneously with immune T lymphocytes in the Winn assay. From these findings, it appears that T‐suppressor cells regulate the antitumor response, interfering with the afferent (induction) arm of the immune response.
Reversibility of the transformed and neoplastic phenotype. IV. Effects of long‐term interferon treatment of C3H/10T1/2 cells transformed by methylcholanthrene and SV40 virus
Authors: Brouty‐Boye D. , Wybier‐Franqui J. , Calvo C. , Feunteun J. , Gresser I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of long‐term treatment with mouse interferon on the phenotype of untransformed C3H/10TI/2 cells and cloned derivatives transformed by methylcholanthrene (MCA) and Simian virus 40 (SV40) were investigated. Continuous presence of interferon induced morphologic reversion, with the development of thick, submembranous filaments in MCA‐transformed cells, where as no morphological effects were detected in SV40‐transformed cells. Interferon inhibited the proliferation of all three cell lines and maintained low saturation densities. However, prolonged treatment of MCA‐transformed cells with interferon rendered them tolerant toward the antiproliferative and antiviral activities of interferon although 2‐A synthetase activity was induced. Interferon treatment reduced the capacity of both MCA and SV40‐transformed cells to form colonies in agar and decreased the tumorigenicity of MCA‐transformed but not SV40‐transformed cells in mice. These results indicate that the same cell type transformed by different means has different sensitivities to a number of interferon‐induced changes in the cell phenotype.
Occult melanoma in lymph nodes detected by antiserum to S‐100 protein
Authors: Cochran Alistair J. , Wen Duan‐Ren , Herschman Harvey R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSections of 1,273 nodes from 58 patients with melanoma were stained in an immunoperoxidase assay using an antiserum to S‐100 protein and aminoethyl carbazole as indicator. By the hematoxylin and eosin (H. and E.) technique, 128 nodes were seen to contain melanoma (10%); by the anti‐S‐100 protein technique, 363 (29%) were found to be tumor‐positive. The additional tumor‐positive nodes contained single tumor cells or small groups of tumor cells and were adjacent to nodes that were partly or wholly replaced by melanoma. Penetration of nodes by single tumor cells was seldom seen in node groups containing no tumor that was visible on H. and E. staining. The anti‐S‐100 protein approach more accurately identified those patients who would die of their recurrent disease less than 5 years after lymphadectomy.
Modulation of anti‐tumour immunity induced by syngeneic mitomycin C‐treated murine tumour cells
Authors: Kearney R. , Harrop P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments were performed to examine the kinetics of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to mitomycin‐C‐treated syngeneic murine fibrosarcomas inoculated into the footpads of mice. Evidence is presented to show that a “strongly” antigenic tumour, designated H7, elicits consecutive waves of footpad swelling in both primary and secondary responses. Periods of anti‐tumour resistance coincided with the expression of each successive wave of footpad swelling in normal and immune mice. The downregulation of the response, between the successive peaks of footpad swelling, was accompanied by active tumour growth. In contrast, the non‐cross‐reacting “weakly” antigenic tumour, designated HI, induced footpad swelling which was expressed only once after either primary or secondary sensitization. Unlike that induced by the “strongly” antigenic H7 tumour, the anti‐tumour immunity to the HI tumour was not sustained beyond its initial specific phase. Consequently, HI tumour cells which survived the initial phase of anti‐tumour immunity appeared to encounter no further resistance. Thus the distinctive feature of the “weakly” antigenic HI tumour was its inability to sustain consecutive waves of tumour resistance as exhibited by the “strongly” antigenic H7 tumour. It is proposed that “weakly” and “strongly” antigenic tumours are distinguished by their different abilities to down‐regulate the anti‐tumour immune response. The “weakly” antigenic tumour induces specific immunity which is rapidly down‐regulated while that induced by the “strongly” antigenic tumour is sustained by successive waves of antitumour activity of diminshing intensity. Suppression of some but not all waves of footpad swelling occurred in mice with growing H7 tumours.
Antitumor activity of murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against transplanted murine tumors and heterotransplanted human tumors in nude mice
Authors: Haranaka Katsuyuki , Satomi Nobuko , Sakurai Akiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antitumor activity of highly purified tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was tested against eight kinds of murine tumor and five kinds of human tumor heterotransplanted into nude mice. Mice were treated by intravenous or intratumoral injection of TNF, commencing when the tumors were well established. TNF showed an excellent curative effect against all kinds of murine and human tumors tested. Meth A sarcoma, Colon 26, Ehrlich, sarcoma 180, MM 46, MH 134, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung tumors transplanted into mice underwent tumor necrosis and regression following a single injection of TNF. Sometimes a complete cure was observed in Meth A sarcoma, sarcoma 180, Ehrlich, and MM 46 tumors. Human cancers, SEKI, HMV‐I, KATO‐III, MKN 45, or KB, heterotransplanted into nude mice, also exhibited tumor necrosis and regression in size following several intratumoral injections of TNF. A great difference in curative effects of TNF was observed in Meth A sarcomas between those transplanted into BALB/c nu/+and into BALB/c nu/numice: following a single intravenous administration the effect was stronger in BALB/c nu/+ than in nu/nu mice. In contrast, tumor necrosis was almost the same in nu/+ and nu/nu mice following intratumoral administration. The present results thus indicate that TNF from mice had an antitumor activity against not only murine tumors but also human tumors. In addition to direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells, TNF induced a host‐mediated factor which contributed to the antitumor effects.
Interaction between feline leukaemia virus subgroups in the pathogenesis of erythroid hypoplasia
Authors: Jarrett Oswald , Golder Matthew C. , Toth Sarah , Onions David E. , Stewart Marianne F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interaction of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) of subgroups A and C in the pathogenesis of erythroid hypoplasia in cats was studied. Weanling kittens infected with FeLV‐A became permanently viraemic but remained haematologically normal over a period of 36 weeks. Similar kittens inoculated with FeLV‐C, which produces erythroid hypoplasia when administered to newborn kittens, neither became viraemic nor developed the disease. However, weanling kittens inoculated with a mixture of FeLV‐A and C became viraemic, first with FeLV‐A and then additionally with FeLV‐C, and the emergence of FeLV‐C into the blood coincided with the advent of erythroid hypoplasia. When FeLV‐C was inoculated into five older cats which had been viraemic with FeLV‐A for several months previously, it appeared in the plasma of three of the cats and erythroid hypoplasia was diagnosed in two of these, 16‐20 weeks after infection with FeLV‐C. These results show that FeLV‐A enhances the growth of FeLV‐C in cats and overcomes their age‐related resistance to FeLV‐C. Also, the appearance of FeLV‐C in the plasma of cats viraemic with FeLV‐A indicates that erythroid hypoplasia will subsequently occur rapidly. These findings are relevant to the origin of FeLV‐C isolates and their occurrence in nature.
Evaluation of AFP glycosylation heterogeneity in cancer patients with AFP‐producing tumors
Authors: Vessella Robert L. , Santrach Marcia A. , Bronson David , Smith Carol J. P. , Klicka Michael J. , Lange Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been postulated that analysis of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) glycosylation heterogeneity in cancer patients whose AFP levels are elevated (e.g., non‐seminomatous ferm cell tumors, ovarian germ cell tumors and primary hepatocellular carcinoma) might provide useful clinical information. We undertook a study to determine whether scrutiny of AFP glycosylation heterogeneity in patients with non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors would provide information useful in diagnosis, staging, prognosis, or monitoring for recurrence of disease following therapy. While an analysis of AFP glycosylation heterogeneity using Concanavalin A lectin chromatography did not provide useful information in regard to staging or prognosis, it does supply unique information useful in discriminating between benign liver dysfunction (e.g. alcoholic hepatitis, chemotherapy‐related liver damage) and that due to nonsemininomatous germ cell tumors. It was also concluded that an analysis of Concanavalin A binding patterns is not sufficient to discriminate between recurrent non‐seminomatous germ cell tumor and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with elevated serum AFP.
Tumour regression after intralesional injection of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) in bladder cancer. Preliminary report
Authors: Pizza Giancarlo , Severini Giuseppe , Menniti Domenico , De Vinci Caterina , Corrado Francesco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix bladder cancer patients received intralesional injections by needle, under cystoscopic control, of 1969‐4046 units (U) of xenogeneic IL‐2 of high biological activity (324 U/ml; 397 μg/ml protein; 1.22 protein/U ratio). The treatment was spread over 7‐54 days and 0.5 ml was injected each time. In 3/6 patients complete tumour regression was seen 43, 60 and 105 respectively days after the first IL‐2 injection. In 2 a 70% regression was observed at days 45 and 75. In the last patient massive necrosis throughout the tumour mass was recorded on day 25 at radical cystectomy. In order to evaluate the minimum IL‐2 U required to obtain positive clinical results and/or to assess whether the anti‐tumour effect observed could be ascribed to the foreign protein of bovine origin contained in our IL‐2 preparation, 4 additional bladder cancer patients were treated in 7‐14 days with 156‐1404 U of a second IL‐2 lot with a much lower biological activity and similar protein content (52 U/ ml; 289 μg/ml of protein; 5.55 protein/U ratio). No clinical or histological improvement was noted over a 42‐ to 54‐day observation period. When we evaluated the 2 groups of patients by Student's t‐test for both total U injected and U/ kg of body weight (bw) we found a statistically significant differences (0.0025 p7<0.0005 and p<0.0005, respectively). In contrast, no difference was seen for the injected protein amounts. The reported observations are in favour of a dose‐dependent anti‐tumour action mediated by IL‐2 instead of foreign proteins. In none of the patients treated were any early or late adverse clinical side effects observed. Immunological monitoring (E, EAC, E‐active rosettes, mitogen lymphocyte stimulations and leukocyte migration inhibition in the presence of allogeneic bladder cancer cells) performed on the peripheral blood (PB) showed significant but contrasting modifications after IL‐2 injection. There was no clear correlation with the clinical course. The patients in whom we observed complete regression are still tumour free after 2, 4 and 7 months. In addition, in all the patients of the first group we observed an increase in tumour lymphoid infiltrate after IL‐2 injection and in 2 patients lymphoid pseudo‐follicles were also noted. In 2 of these patients we also observed scar‐like areas in the place of the tumours previously seen.
Incidence of double minutes, cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, in human carcinoma cells
Authors: Gebhart E. , Bruderlein S. , Tulusan A. H. , Maillot K. V. , Birkmann J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractScreening of the occurrence of double minutes (DM) was performed in more than 1,000 metaphases obtained from a total of 22 solid human breast tumors and more than 3,600 metaphases from a total of 55 malignant effusions (45 patients with different types of carcinomas). DM were observed in 15 of these breast tumor cases and in 34 of the effusions (obtained from 29 cancer patients). The percentage of cells exhibiting DM as well as the number of DM per respective cell varied widely. It could be seen that meta‐static cells from malignant effusions exhibited on the average more DM per cell than did cells of primary breast carcinomas. Differences in the incidence of DM could be observed between different carcinomas as well as between different age groups. In addition, it did not appear that DM could be induced by mutagenic tumor therapy. DM are thus not a rare finding in human solid tumors but, as cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, they rather represent a fundamental biological characteristic of tumor development.
Inhibition of experimentally‐induced murine metastases by recombinant alpha interferon: Correlation between the modulatory effect of interferon treatment on natural killer cell activity and inhibition of metastases
Authors: Brunda Michael J. , Rosenbaum Deborah , Stern Lorraine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of a human recombinant hybrid alpha interferon (referred to as rHulFN‐alphaA/D) on pulmonary metastases induced by intravenous injection of B16 F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice was examined; rHulFN‐alphaA/D has been previously shown to have anti‐viral, anti‐proliferative and immunomodulatory activities in murine cells. Pretreatment of mice with 4 daily intra‐peritoneal injections of rHulFN‐alphaA/D resulted in a marked decrease in the number of pulmonary metastases. This inhibition was dose‐dependent but was not seen when mice were similarly treated with rHulFN‐alphaA, a human recombinant alpha interferon subtype which is inactive on murine cells. Treatment of mice with rHulFN‐alphaA/D following B16 F10 injection resulted in no significant inhibition of pulmonary metastases. Mice given a similar treatment regimen of rHulFN‐alphaA/D had elevated natural killer (NK) cell activity as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity against YAC‐1 or in vivo pulmonary clearance of B16 F10 cells. Pretreatment of mice with 10 daily injections of rHulFN‐alphaA/D resulted in decreased NK activity and less inhibition of metastases. Therefore, in this model system, rHulFN‐alphaA/D inhibits metastases when given in the appropriate treatment schedule. Furthermore, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that rHulFN‐alphaA/D‐induced inhibition is a consequence of the immunomodulation of NK cells, which prevent the establishment of pulmonary metastases.
Colony formation in the absence of added growth factors by peripheral blood T‐cell colony‐forming cells of patients with T‐cell malignancies
Authors: Georgoulias Vassilis , Bourinbaiar Aldar , Amesland Françoise , Canon Chantal , Auclair Huguette , Jasmin Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClonogenic cells from peripheral blood of 13/16 patients with T‐cell malignancies generated colonies in methylcellulose in absence of added growth factors or mitogenic stimulation. Spontaneous colonies were also obtained from purified cell fractions (E−OKT3− and/or E+ cells) in 73% and 57% of the patients, respectively. No spontaneous colony growth was observed with mononuclear cells of patients with solid tumors, non‐T‐cell leukemias or normal subjects. Colonies consisted of acid‐phosphatase‐positive, myeloperoxidase‐and PAS‐negative lymphoblasts bearing T‐cell surface markers. Although the phenotype of pooled colony cells from either unfractionated mononuclear cells or E−OKT3−‐derived colonies varied from patient to patient, the colonies, like fresh leukemic cells, were mostly composed of relatively immature cells as assessed by the high proportion (>40%) of OKT6+ and OKT10+ cells and the low proportion (<40%) of OKT3+ and/or E+ cells. Cytogenetic analysis of colony cells revealed either normal metaphases or chromosome anomalies similar to those observed in fresh leukemic cells. Moreover, cells from primary colonies exhibited a capacity for self‐renewal in the absence of added growth factors.
Definition of three species‐specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigenic structures present on human embryonal carcinoma cells which undergo modulation during in vitro differentiation
Authors: Blaineau C. , Connan F. , Arnaud D. , Andrews P. , Williams L. , McIlhinney J. , Avner P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree novel species‐specific monoclonal antibodies 5.I.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A raised against semi‐purified detergent solubilized fractions of the Tera I embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line are restricted in their in vitro distribution to undifferentiated human EC cell lines. Competition experiments have established that distinct antigenic specificities are seen by the 3 different monoclonal antibodies. All 3 antigens 5.I.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A, defined by these monoclonal antibodies, undergo developmental regulation and cease to be expressed on Tera 2 clones 5 and 12 after retinoic‐acid‐induced differentiation and on LICRLONHT 39/7 cells after phorbol‐ester‐induced differentiation. These results taken together with the extremely limited in vivo tissue distribution of the defined antigens suggest that the 5.I.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A monoclonal antibodies define distinct onco‐foetal antigens.