bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater-contaminated groundwater as a source of endogenous hormones and pharmaceuticals to surface water ecosystems
Authors: Standley Laurel J , Rudel Ruthann A , Swartz Christopher H , Attfield Kathleen R , Christian Jeff , Erickson Mike , Brody Julia G 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Increasing residential development in watershed recharge areas increases the likelihood of groundwater and surface water contamination by wastewater effluent, particularly where on-site sewage treatment is employed. This effluent contains a range of compounds including those that have been demonstrated to mimic or interfere with the function of natural hormones in aquatic organisms and humans. To explore whether groundwater contaminated by discharge from on-site septic systems affects water quality in surface water ecosystems, we measured steroidal hormones, pharmaceuticals, and other organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) in water collected from six aquifer-fed ponds in areas of higher and lower residential density on Cape Cod (Massachusetts, USA). We detected both a greater number and higher concentrations of OWCs in samples collected from ponds located in higher residential density areas. Most often detected were the steroidal hormones androstenedione, estrone, and progesterone and the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, pentoxifylline, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Of particular concern, estrogenic hormones were present at concentrations approaching those that induce physiological responses in fish. While a number of papers have reported on surface water contamination by OWCs from wastewater treatment plants, our results show that surface water ecosystems in unconfined aquifer settings are susceptible to contamination by estrogenic and other biologically active OWCs through recharge from aquifers contaminated by residential septic systems.
Effects of bisphenol A on fecundity, egg hatchability, and juvenile growth ofMarisa cornuarietis
Authors: Forbes Valery E , Warbritton Ryan , Aufderheide John , Van Der Hoeven Nelly , Caspers Norbert 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent work on the snail Marisa cornuarietis has claimed to show endocrine disruption in response to bisphenol A (BPA). The present experimental design was optimized to detect effects of BPA on fecundity, egg hatchability, and juvenile growth, with an emphasis on reproduction, since previous studies suggested this to be a sensitive endpoint. No differences in eggs/female/month between unexposed snails and snails exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1, 25, and 640 μg BPA/L during six months of exposure were found. No effect of BPA on the percentage of eggs hatching successfully was found, as was no difference in time to hatching between the control and any BPA treatment. We observed a significant decrease in female growth and a marginal effect on female wet weight in the 640-μg/L treatment compared to the control and a significant increase in male growth rate and a marginal increase in male wet weight in the 1-μg/L treatment compared to the control. However, a much greater proportion of the variability in juvenile growth was explained by variation between pairs and between siblings from the same pair than by BPA treatment. We conclude that effects of BPA in the nominal exposure range 0.1 to 640 μg/L (measured range 0.062–696 μg/L) are unlikely to be of significance for field populations of this species. An additional adult fecundity trial at 22°C (in contrast to all other experiments that were conducted at 25°C) found no evidence to suggest that snails are more sensitive to BPA at the lower temperature, as has been previously claimed. The present results indicate that the sensitivity of M. cornuarietis to BPA is similar to that of other aquatic invertebrates for which data are available.
Comfort Level of Pediatricians and Family Medicine Physicians Diagnosing and Treating Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Fremont Wanda P. , Nastasi Robert , Newman Nancy , Roizen Nancy J. 
Published: July 2008

Context: Twelve to twenty-one percent of children and adolescents have psychiatric disorders with at least mild functional impairment. Pediatricians and family medicine physicians prescribe 85% of psychotropic medications taken by children. However, little is known about the comfort level of these physicians with the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders in children. Objective: To determine the comfort level of physicians in diagnosing and treating psychiatric disorders in children. Method: An anonymous survey was sent to pediatricians and family medicine physicians in upstate New York. Of 483 surveys, 200 surveys were returned. Outcome Measures: To compare differences between pediatricians and family medicine physicians in comfort in diagnosing and prescribing medications for psychiatric disorders. Results: After controlling for age, race, and years since residency, pediatricians were more comfortable in diagnosing (O.R. = 3.05, C.I. = 1.40–6.63) and prescribing stimulants for (O.R. = 4.16, C.I. = 1.96–8.84) Attention Deficit Disorder. Family medicine physicians were more comfortable in diagnosing (O.R. = .28, C.I. = .14-.57) and prescribing medication for (O.R. = .44, C.I. = .22-.87) anxiety and depression. Despite the differences in comfort, there were no differences in the percentage of each group prescribing the different medications. Of those who were comfortable in making the diagnoses, 13%−64% were not comfortable in prescribing medications, although they did prescribe. Conclusions: Pediatricians and family medicine physicians who prescribe the majority of psychotropic medications for children report disconcerting degrees of discomfort with the diagnosis and treatment of children's psychiatric disorders. The authors discuss the multiple factors that may impact primary care physician's comfort in diagnosing and treating children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
Comorbidity of Depression with Chronic Diseases: A Population-Based Study in Aleppo, Syria
Authors: Kilzieh Nael , Rastam Samar , Maziak Wasim , Ward Kenneth D. 
Published: July 2008

Objective: To assess the comorbidity and correlates of depression in chronic diseases in the community in Aleppo, Syria. This has never been previously investigated in an Arab country. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study in Aleppo on adults aged 18–65 (N = 2038). We collected data utilizing a structured interview questionnaire. Socio-demographics, general health information, and self-report of physician-diagnosed depression and chronic diseases active in the past year were obtained. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of depression in chronic diseases and socio-demographic correlates of depression comorbid with chronic diseases. Results: Mean age (SD) was 35.3 (12.1) years, 55% were female. In women, predictors of depression were heart disease (OR = 3.95, 95% CI: 1.50–10.40), hypertension (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.53–5.55), and kidney disease (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.64–5.32). Depression comorbidity with any chronic disease decreased in higher socio-economic status (middle vs. low: OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12–0.65; high vs. low: OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.81). In men, predictors of depression were rheumatism (OR = 7.10, 95% CI: 2.58–19.60) and respiratory disease (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.2311.60). Depression comorbidity decreased in residence in formal zones (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.80). Conclusion: Depression is associated with many chronic diseases in the community in Aleppo, a finding consistent with reports from other cultures. Potential gender-related risk factors were identified. Findings inform public mental health planning and support the delivery of depression treatment in primary care settings.
Pediatric Case Study and Review: Is it a Conversion Disorder?
Authors: Spratt Eve G. , Thomas Stephanie G. 
Published: July 2008

Objective: It is common in health care settings for adolescent patients to report physical symptoms that are unexplained by physical disease or pathophysiologic processes. The diagnosis of conversion disorder is difficult to make as many of these patients present to primary care with complex, difficult-to-understand medical symptoms. Patients can present with a medical dilemma and a symptom model consistent with a conversion disorder, but there is a danger of misdiagnosis without a thorough medical work up. Method: This case report describes a patient where the misdiagnosis of conversion disorder could have had devastating long-lasting neurologic sequelae. It appeared as if an unconscious conflict was being expressed through physical symptoms as she had ongoing family stressors prior to the onset of mysterious symptoms. Conclusions: The patient was found to have a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation. This condition is relatively uncommon in the pediatric age group, and early diagnosis is rarely made.
Piracetam in Severe Breath Holding Spells
Authors: Azam Matloob , Bhatti Nasera , Shahab Naheed 
Published: July 2008

Background: Breath holding spells (BHS) are apparently frightening events occurring in otherwise healthy children. Generally, no medical treatment is recommended and parental reassurance is believed to be enough, however, severe BHS can be very stressful for the parents and a pharmacological agent may be desired in some of these children. Objective: In this prospective study aim was to determine the usefulness of piracetam as prophylactic treatment for severe BHS. Methods: Children were recruited from Neurology Clinic in Children's Hospital, Islamabad between January 2002 to December 2004. Diagnosis of BHS was based on characteristic history and normal physical examination. Piracetam was prescribed to those children who were diagnosed as severe BHS in a dose ranging from 50–100 mg/kg/day. Iron supplements were added if hemoglobin was less than 10 gm%. Patients were seen at 2–4 weeks interval and follow-up was continued until 3 months after the cessation of drug therapy. Results: Fifty-two children were enrolled in the study, 34 boys and 18 girls. Ages ranged from 4 weeks to 5 years with mean age of 17 months. In 81% of children, spells disappeared completely and in 9% frequency was reduced to less than one per month and of much lesser intensity. Prophylaxis was given for 3–6 months (mean 5) duration. Conclusions: Piracetam is an effective prophylactic treatment for severe BHS.
Management of Depression in Ambulatory Care for Patients with Medical Co-Morbidities: A Study from a National Electronic Health Record (EHR) Network
Authors: Gill James M. , Chen Ying Xia , Lieberman Michael I. 
Published: July 2008

Objective: Since co-morbid depression can complicate medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, physicians may treat depression more aggressively in patients with these conditions. This study compared antidepressant medication use in persons with and without medical co-morbidities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a national network of outpatient electronic medical record users. Participants included active adult patients with an active diagnosis of depression as of 11/30/05 (the “prevalent” population, 185,029 patients) or a new episode of depression during the one-year period 12/1/03-11/30/04 (the “incident” population, 29,768 patients). For each population, four co-morbid conditions were defined—diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and cancer. Prescription of antidepressant medication was compared for persons with and without each medical condition. Results: The most common medical condition was diabetes, with cancer being the least common (7.6% and 2.4% of the prevalent population). Overall, 69.6% of the prevalent population and 76.1% of the incident population were treated with antidepressant medications. For the prevalent population, treatment was significantly more likely for patients with diabetes (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.11) but significantly less likely for patients with CHD (OR 0.94 95% CI 0.90–0.99), after controlling for differences in age and gender. For the incident population, treatment was significantly more likely for persons with diabetes (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.26), CHD (OR 1.23 95% CI 1.08–1.39), and stroke (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.42). Conclusions: Antidepressant medication use was somewhat higher in persons with medical co-morbidities, although these differences were small and inconsistent.
Correlation between the structure and biological activity of some coordination compounds of isatin Schiff bases
Authors: Radovanovic Blaga , Konstantinovic Sandra 
Published: July 2008

The complexes of Co(ll), Ni(ll), Cu(ll) and Zn(ll) with isatin Schiff bases were synthetised and their structures established by using elemental analysis, as well as by measuring the molar conductivity, AA, FTIR, UV/VIS and 1H NMR and applying TG analysis.Isatin Schiff bases show different antimicrobial activity due to the different nature of the carbonyl and amino components as well as its substituent. The complexes have an enhanced activity compared to the ligands due to the transition metal involved in the coordination. It is also evident that the complexes	have different antimicrobial activity, which is related to the nature and typeof coordinated metal.
Puckering and Blowing Facial Expressions in People With Facial Movement Disorders
Authors: Denlinger Rachel L , VanSwearingen Jessie M , Cohn Jeffrey F , Schmidt Karen L 
Published: July 2008

Background and Purpose
People with facial movement disorders are instructed to perform various facial movements as part of their physical therapy rehabilitation. A difference in the movement of the orbicularis oris muscle has been demonstrated among people without facial nerve impairments when instructed to “pucker your lips” and to “blow, as if blowing out a candle.” The objective of this study was to determine whether the within-subject difference between “pucker your lips” and “blow, as if blowing out a candle” found in people without facial nerve impairments is present in people with facial movement disorders.

Subjects and Methods
People (N=68) with unilateral facial movement disorders were observed as they produced puckering and blowing movements. Automated facial image analysis of both puckering and blowing was used to determine the difference between facial actions for the following movement variables: maximum speed, amplitude, duration, and corresponding asymmetry.

Results
There was a difference between the amplitudes of movement for puckering and blowing. “Blow, as if blowing out a candle” produced a larger amplitude of movement.

Discussion and Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that puckering and blowing movements in people with facial movement disorders differ in a manner that is consistent with differences found in people who are healthy. This information may be useful in the assessment of and intervention for facial movement disorders affecting the lower face.
Studies on the Effect of Antioxidants on the Stability of Sesame (<i>Sesame indicum</i> linn.) Seed Oil During Storage
Authors: Rahman MS , Hossain MA , Ahmed GM , Uddin MM , Yeasmin S 
Published: July 2008

The oil extracted from sesame seed kernel was stored in white plastic containers using different antioxidants like Butyl hydroxy anisole-BHA, Butyl hydroxy toluene-BHT and propyl gallate-PG at various percentages (0.01-0.05%) at room temperature for 12 months. The results were evaluated after 2- months in terms of free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value and peroxide value . It was observed that the rate of increase in free fatty acid (FFA), was appreciably lower in all the three oils stored with 0.02% BHA, BHT and PG than those of the oils containing other percentages of 0.01, 0.03,0.04 and 0.05 of antioxidants. Among these three oils of sesame (0.02%) percentages of antioxidants, the rate of increase in free fatty acid (FFA) of the oil containing 0.02% of BHA was found to be the lowest (0.1372). The iodine values of the oils were not influenced by any antioxidants of any percentages. But the rate of increase in peroxide value of the oil containing 0.02% of BHA was also found to be significantly lower. Most significant differences in storage lives was observed in the stored oil containing 0.02% of BHA. Key words: Antioxidant, Free fatty acid, Iodine value, Peroxide value. Storage life, Fat-oxidant. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.967 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 235-242, 2008
Essential Oil Constituents of The Rhizomes of Two Types of <i>Curcuma longa</i> of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Jasim Uddin , Nandi Nemai Chandra , Bhuiyan M Nazrul Islam , Mobarok M Hosnay 
Published: July 2008

Essential oil from the rhizomes of two types of Curcuma longa, yellow and red originated in Bangladesh was analyzed by GC-MS. 54 compounds have been identified from the yellow type of which the major compounds are ar-tumerone (27.78%), tumerone (17.16%), culone (13.82%), 2-carene (4.78%), zingiberene (4.37%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (5.57%). The red type contained 39 compounds with carvacrol (21.14%), citral (13.91%), methyleugenol (7.31%), geraniol (6.99%), menthol (5.11%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.14%) as major constituents. Key words: Curcuma longa, GC-MS, Ar-tumerone, Carvacrol, Tumerone, Citral. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.970 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 259-266, 2008
Repellency of Indigenous Plant, Bhant (<i>Clerodendron Viscosum</i> Vent.) Leaf on <i>Tribolium Confusum</i> Duval
Authors: Husain MM , Hasan MR 
Published: July 2008

Repellent response of Bhant (Clerodendron viscosum Vent) to the larvae and adults of Tribolium confusum was studied. Results indicated that both the larvae and adults were repelled by contact with different food media when mixed with Bhant leaf dusts at with 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of wheat flour. Key words: Repellency, Bhant, Larvae, Adults, Food media, Leaf dustsDOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.971 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 267-272, 2008
James Rennie (1787–1867), author, naturalist and lecturer
Authors: PAGE FREDERICK G. 
Published: July 2008

New research is presented on the life of James Rennie (1787–1867) before his emigration to Australia in 1840. Though fragmentary and incomplete the results show Rennie as a naturalist of considerable standing and of literary and scientific skill. This new information illustrates an intriguingly marginal life in science of the period. On his personal character caution is exercised, although a thread of dogmatism, determination and self assurance, bordering on arrogance, can be traced from his student days until his departure from Britain. Rennie's early unpublished essays clearly point to his potential as a scientific writer.Rennie's final 27 years in Australia are not covered in any detail because of the lack of documentation about this relatively unknown period of his life outside Britain. A bibliography of his published and unpublished works is given as an appendix, together with notes and new insights into attribution.
CCTV on trial: Matching video images with the defendant in the dock
Authors: Davis Josh P. , Valentine Tim 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe experiments reported in this paper investigated simultaneous identity matching of unfamiliar people physically present in person with moving video images typical of that captured by closed circuit television (CCTV). This simulates the decision faced by a jury in court when the identity of somebody caught on CCTV is disputed. Namely, ‘is the defendant in the dock the person depicted in video’? In Experiment 1, the videos depicted medium‐range views of a number of actor ‘culprits’. Experiment 2 used similar quality images taken a year previously, some of which showed the culprits in disguise. Experiment 3 utilised high‐quality close‐up video images. It was consistently found that in both culprit‐present and culprit‐absent videos and in optimal conditions, matching the identity of a person in video can be highly susceptible to error. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Police officers' views of effective interview tactics with suspects: The effects of weight of case evidence and discomfort with ambiguity
Authors: Häkkänen Helinä , Ask Karl , Kebbell Mark , Alison Laurence , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study examined the effects of case‐specific facts and individual discomfort with ambiguity (DA) on investigators' beliefs concerning effective interviewing tactics for suspects. Violent crime investigators (n = 30) responded to a questionnaire including the Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) and ratings of the importance of 39 interrogation tactics in two hypothetical interrogations with a homicide suspect, where the evidence consisted of either technical evidence or soft information. Twenty tactics were analysed with a multidimensional scaling procedure which confirmed two discrete interviewing themes: humane and dominant. More tactics, both dominant and humane, were rated as important if the evidence was soft compared with technical. In the soft evidence condition, investigators who were high on DA rated both types of tactics as more important than did low‐DA investigators. In the technical evidence condition, no such difference emerged. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Wonder of Trivial Machines
Authors: Gage Stephen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHaving arrived in the 21st century at a definition of architecture that is time‐based and responsive to the user, Stephen Gage finds ‘reliable conceptual tools that can be used to understand our craft’ wanting. He looks across to the rich seam of postwar cybernetics for inspiration. Drawing, in particular, on Heinz von Foerster's metaphor of the ‘trivial machine’, he urges us to transcend the reality of the predictable, creating the wonder and joy that is essential to architecture, through a dynamic relationship with context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drawn into Space: Zaha Hadid
Authors: Woods Lebbeus 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVisionary New York architect Lebbeus Woods reviews the evolution of Zaha Hadid's work from the 1970s to the present. Tracking the shifts in her work from a Suprematist‐informed fragmentation in the 1980s to a more contemporary fluidity and a preoccupation with complex curvilinearity, he throws light on the relationship between Hadid's drawing and her architecture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prosthetic Mythologies
Authors: Davies Kate , Vercruysse Emmanuel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe forest wilderness of Kielder in Northumbria is one ofEngland's remotest areas. Sharing an ecology similar to much of northern Scandinavia, Alaska and Canada, it shares none of its native culture or folklore. Only planted in the 1920s, the conifer forests are relatively recent ‐ a graft on the natural landscape. Kate Davies andEmmanuel Vercruysse of LIQUID FACTORY describe how their site‐specific performance piece sought out the psychological power of the forest, embuing it with ‘Prosthetic Mythologies’. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flora_Flex: In Search of Synthetic Immortality
Authors: Douglis Evan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEvan Douglis performs alchemy, bringing to life from theinaminate ‘the natural’ with his genetically inspired Flora_flex prefab modular building system. He demonstrates the beauty, intricacy and opulence inherent in pursuing flowering plant morphology as a model for surface variation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screens
Authors: McLaughlin Niall 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe screen is a recurring element in the work of Niall McLaughlin Architects. Environmental considerations have provided the opportunity for inclusion of the screen in built works, but it has been embraced by them for its geometric and material qualities, as well as the play it affords with light. The practice has relished the transformative powers of inserting everyday found objects into the screens to provide an additional level of surprise and delight. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.