bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using molecular markers and multivariate methods to study the genetic diversity of local European and Asian chicken breeds
Authors: Berthouly C. , Bed'Hom B. , Tixier‐Boichard M. , Chen C. F. , Lee Y. P. , Laloë D. , Legros H. , Verrier E. , Rognon X. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFrench and Asian subsets of chicken breeds were first analysed using 22 microsatellites and then compared to the AVIANDIV European set using 14 loci. Positive correlations were observed between FIT or FST and typological values or variance of markers using the multivariate analysis mcoa. The first axis of the multivariate representation separated Asian from European breeds, revealing breeds with Asian ancestor. Using all or 14 loci, correct assignation rate was always higher than 93%. The Weitzman index and the aggregate diversity D were calculated using 22 loci within French and Asian breeds. The French breed Coucou de Rennes and the Hua‐Tung breed seemed to contribute the most to the global diversity of each subset. This approach on French‐only breeds and then on French with AVIANDIV domestic breeds (14 loci) showed that the Marans breed contributed the most. The AVIANDIV framework could be useful to evaluate the genetic diversity of local breeds and to help in connecting national and regional conservation policies.
How helpers help: disentangling ecological confounds from the benefits of cooperative breeding
Authors: WRIGHT JONATHAN , RUSSELL ANDREW F. 
Published: March 2008

Evolutionary explanations for helping in cooperative breeding systems usually require a positive effect of helping on the fitness of the breeders being assisted. However, such helper effects have proven surprisingly difficult to quantify. Cockburn et al. (this issue) apply detailed statistical analyses to long‐term field data on the enigmatic superb fairy‐wren. They show that it is possible to disentangle the complex web of ecological and evolutionary interactions that confound so many studies. Whilst fairy‐wren helpers may not increase nest productivity, they do increase future survival of breeding females. This study points the way for future statistical explorations of long‐term data in other cooperative birds and mammals.
Pleistocene climatic cycling and diversification of the Andean treefrog, Hypsiboas andinus
Authors: KOSCINSKI DARIA , HANDFORD PAUL , TUBARO PABLO L. , SHARP SARAH , LOUGHEED STEPHEN C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOur understanding of the causes of diversification of Neotropical organisms lags behind that of Northern Hemisphere biota, especially for montane and temperate regions of southern South America. We investigated the mitochondrial DNA genealogical patterns in 262 individuals of the frog Hypsiboas andinus from 26 sites across the eastern ranges of the Andes Mountains in Argentina and Bolivia. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate at least three distinct lineages: one representing H. andinus from Northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, at least one H. andinus lineage from northern Bolivia, and one clade containing both H. andinus (from the southern portion of the species range) and its putative sister taxon Hypsiboas riojanus. Hypsiboas andinus samples from northern Bolivia are well differentiated and may represent distinct species. The northern Argentine H. andinus lineage and southern H. andinus /H. riojanus lineage likely diverged between 2 and 6 million years ago; their current sympatry may be the result of secondary contact due to range expansion after isolation during Andean uplift or may reflect cryptic species. Within the geographically extensive northern H. andinus clade, we found significant geographical structuring consistent with historical fragmentation and subsequent range expansion. The timing of this fragmentation and range expansion coincide with the Pleistocene, a time of extensive climatic cycling and vegetational shifts. Average divergence among clades is lower than those found for other Neotropical taxa, highlighting the potential importance of recent climatic history in diversification in the southern Andes.
Host and vector movement affects genetic diversity and spatial structure of Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae)
Authors: BROWN CHARLES R. , BROWN MARY BOMBERGER , PADHI ABINASH , FOSTER JEROME E. , MOORE AMY T. , PFEFFER MARTIN , KOMAR NICHOLAS 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDetermining the degree of genetic variability and spatial structure of arthropod‐borne viruses (arboviruses) may help in identifying where strains that potentially cause epidemics or epizootics occur. Genetic diversity in arboviruses is assumed to reflect relative mobility of their vertebrate hosts (and invertebrate vectors), with highly mobile hosts such as birds leading to genetic similarity of viruses over large areas. There are no empirical studies that have directly related host or vector movement to virus genetic diversity and spatial structure. Using the entire E2 glycoprotein‐coding region of 377 Buggy Creek virus isolates taken from cimicid swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius), the principal invertebrate vector for this virus, we show that genetic diversity between sampling sites could be predicted by the extent of movement by transient cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) between nesting colonies where the virus and vectors occur. PairwiseFSTvalues between colony sites declined significantly with increasing likelihood of a swallow moving between those sites per 2‐day interval during the summer nesting season. Sites with more bird movement between them had virus more similar genetically than did pairs of sites with limited or no bird movement. For one virus lineage, Buggy Creek virus showed greater haplotype and nucleotide diversity at sites that had high probabilities of birds moving into or through them during the summer; these sites likely accumulated haplotypes by virtue of frequent virus introductions by birds. Cliff swallows probably move Buggy Creek virus by transporting infected bugs on their feet. The results provide the first empirical demonstration that genetic structure of an arbovirus is strongly associated with host/vector movement, and suggest caution in assuming that bird‐dispersed arboviruses always have low genetic differentiation across different sites.
Annual variation in source contributions to a mixed stock: implications for quantifying connectivity
Authors: BJORNDAL KAREN A. , BOLTEN ALAN B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractConnectivity among populations of highly migratory species is an area of active research and is often quantified with genetic markers. We determined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences in 350 green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in 10 annual samples over a 12‐year period from an aggregation of immature green turtles in the southern Bahamas. We found significant temporal structuring in haplotype frequencies among years for all turtles and for recruits. These significant differences were reflected in substantial variation in the relative contributions from different rookeries among years estimated by a Bayesian hierarchical model. Because this foraging aggregation has been the subject of a demographic study for over 30 years, we were able to determine that, among the three potential causes of temporal structuring—differential recruitment, mortality and emigration—recruitment accounts for most of this variation. We found that estimates of connectivity and genetic diversity in sea turtle populations are affected by the level of temporal variation reported here. More studies on the extent of temporal variation in composition of mixed stocks of other migratory species are needed to determine how this affects measures of connectivity.
The SUI‐homologous translation initiation factor eIF‐1 is involved in regulation of ion homeostasis in rice
Authors: Diédhiou C. J. , Popova O. V. , Dietz K.‐J. , Golldack D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHalophytes survive high salinity by using complex adaptive mechanisms. In a search for novel molecular mechanisms involved in salt acclimation, transcript analyses revealed increased expression of a SUI‐homologous translation initiation factor eIF‐1 in the salt‐tolerant grass species Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis but not in rice. Upon analysis of the cell specificity of eIF‐1 transcription by in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR), predominant signals were detected in rice leaf mesophyll. To further examine the role of eIF‐1 in salt tolerance, transgenic rice plants were generated that over‐express this factor under the control of the CaMV‐35S promoter. The eIF‐1 over‐expressing lines showed improved growth under salt stress that was correlated with maintenance of photosynthetic activity and reduced Na+ and Cl− accumulation in leaves. The transgenic rice lines also activated expression of the vacuolar H+‐ATPase. In addition, an oxidoreductase that belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family was identified as a gene with modified expression in the eIF‐1 over‐expressing lines, compared with wild‐type rice. Our data suggest that eIF‐1 has a central function in salt‐stress adaptation in rice by regulating ion accumulation and the intracellular redox status.
Transcriptional differences between the male‐sterile mutant bcms and wild‐type Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis reveal genes related to pollen development
Authors: Huang L. , Cao J. , Ye W. , Liu T. , Jiang L. , Ye Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel male‐sterile mutant which lacks mature pollen, Brassisa campestris male sterile (bcms), was identified in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino (syn. B. rapa ssp. chinensis). Genetic analysis revealed that bcms was controlled by a single recessive mutation locus. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling was performed on the flower buds of both the bcms mutant and the wild‐type from which it originated, and profiling analysis indicated that there were numerous changes in gene expression attributable to the gene mutation. This mutation resulted in down‐regulation of a variety of genes and up‐regulated expression of a few other genes. A total of 51 transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) were isolated: 32 specifically and 12 predominantly accumulated in wild‐type flower buds, and two specifically and five predominantly accumulated in bcms flower buds. Sequence analysis showed that some of these TDFs share significant similarities with genes involved in different aspects of cellular development, such as signal transduction, cell wall biosynthesis and regulation. Most other TDFs showed no or very poor sequence similarities to entries in any database and might represent new candidate proteins involved in pollen development. Furthermore, spatial and temporal expression pattern analysis of 20 genes derived from cDNA‐amplified fragment length polymorphism in different tissues of both the bcms and wild‐type plants revealed their complex and dynamic expression patterns. The bcms mutant and the genes isolated in this paper provide excellent material for future studies on the molecular mechanism of male sterility.
Activation of phasic pontine‐wave generator in the rat: a mechanism for expression of plasticity‐related genes and proteins in the dorsal hippocampus and amygdala
Authors: Datta Subimal , Li Guangmu , Auerbach Sanford 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA number of behavioral studies have emphasized the importance of interactions between the pontine‐wave (P‐wave) generator and the dorsal hippocampus (DH) in two‐way active avoidance (TWAA) memory processing; however, the direct involvement of the P‐wave generator in the TWAA training trial‐induced molecular events in the DH and amygdala has not been systematically evaluated. Here we demonstrate that the TWAA learning training trials activate P‐wave generator, and increase phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB) and expression of activity‐regulated cytoskeletal‐associated (Arc) protein, as well as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNAs) of Arc, brain‐derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) and early growth response‐1 (Egr‐1) in the DH and amygdala. Selective elimination of P‐wave‐generating cells abolished P‐wave activity and suppressed TWAA learning training trial‐induced expression of pCREB and Arc proteins and Arc, BDNF and Egr‐1 mRNAs in the DH and amygdala. Following a session of TWAA training, all rats were equal in terms of time spent in wakefulness, slow‐wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep irrespective of P‐wave lesions. The second set of experiments demonstrated that localized cholinergic stimulation of the P‐wave generator increased expression of Arc, BDNF and Egr‐1 mRNAs in the DH. Together, these findings provide the first direct evidence that activation of P‐wave‐generating cells is critically involved in the TWAA training trial‐induced expression of plasticity‐related genes in the DH and amygdala. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of P‐wave generator activation for the REM sleep‐dependent development and cognitive functions of the brain.
Global cognitive function in children with epilepsy: A community‐based study
Authors: Berg Anne T. , Langfitt John T. , Testa Francine M. , Levy Susan R. , DiMario Francis , Westerveld Michael , Kulas Joseph 
Published: March 2008

Summary
Purpose: To determine the frequency and determinants of subnormal global cognitive function in a representative, community‐based sample of children prospectively identified at the time of initial diagnosis of epilepsy.
Methods: In children enrolled with newly diagnosed epilepsy and followed a median of 10.5 years, level of cognitive function (within normal, borderline, mild, moderate to severe mental retardation (MR), neurologically devastated, and impaired but not further classified (NFC)) was determined based upon neurologists' and school records, repeated parental interviews, and, in over half the participants, standardized neuropsychological testing. For multivariable analyses, subnormal cognitive function was designated as consistent with a full scale IQ < 80.
Results: Global cognitive function was considered within normal, N = 451 (73.6%), borderline, N = 31 (5.1%), mild MR, N = 21 (3.4%), more severe MR, N = 45 (7.3%), devastated, N = 29 (4.7%), and impaired‐NFC, N = 36 (5.9%). Age at onset <5 years, symptomatic etiology, epileptic encephalopathy, remission status and current AED treatment were each strongly associated with level of cognitive function (all p‐values <0.0001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, all variables except remission status independently contributed to subnormal global cognitive function.
Discussion: Evidence of subnormal global cognitive function is apparent in approximately one of four children with epilepsy. Young age at onset, symptomatic cause, epileptic encephalopathy, and continued treatment, despite their strong intercorrelations, are independently associated with this outcome.
Feasibility of epilepsy follow‐up care through telemedicine: A pilot study on the patient's perspective
Authors: Ahmed Syed Nizamuddin , Mann Carly , Sinclair D. Barry , Heino Angela , Iskiw Blayne , Quigley Daphne , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: March 2008

Summary
Purpose: Cost analysis and patient satisfaction with telemedicine in epilepsy care.
Methods: This controlled study included out‐of‐town epilepsy patients coming to follow‐up at the University of Alberta hospital epilepsy clinic. After an informed consent, patients were randomized to either conventional (n = 18) or telemedicine (n = 23) clinics. Patients or caregivers filled patient satisfaction and travel cost questionnaires in both alternatives. Cost per visit analysis included costs of traveling, lodging, and lost productivity.
Results: Average age of the population was 41 years (range 19–73; 45% women). Eighty‐three percent of patients preferred their next visit through telemedicine. About 90% of patients indicated a need for companion travel (mainly by car) to conventional clinic. For the conventional group patients the value of lost productivity was CAD $201, hotel cost CAD $8.50, and the value of car mileage CAD $256.50, totaling about CAD $466.00. Patient costs for telemedicine were CAD $35.85. Telemedicine production costs are similar to the patients' savings in traveling and lost productivity. About 90% of patients in both groups were satisfied with the quality of the service.
Conclusion: Telemedicine can play a role in follow‐up care of epilepsy patients, reduce patient costs, and improve patient satisfaction. This is the first full‐time epilepsy telemedicine clinic in Western Canada.
Health resource use in epilepsy: Significant disparities by age, gender, and aboriginal status
Authors: Jetté Nathalie , Quan Hude , Faris Peter , Dean Stafford , Li Bing , Fong Andrew , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: March 2008

Summary
Purpose: Epilepsy imposes a significant burden on society. The objective of this study was to estimate health resource utilization (HRU) over a 1‐year period in epilepsy patients, using administrative databases.
Methods: Three administrative databases (inpatient, emergency, and physician claims) were used to identify epilepsy cases. HRU variables included general physician (GP) and emergency (ER) visits, physician billings, hospitalizations, and length of stay (LOS). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between demographic variables and HRU variations.
Results: Among the 1,431 patients with a mean age of 37.5 ± 17.3 years, 56 (4%) were aboriginal. Ninety‐six percent of patients saw a GP or a specialist (outpatient visit), 12% were hospitalized, and 8% visited the ER. Younger patients were more likely to see a neurologist (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3), visit the ER (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 3.2–7.4), or be hospitalized (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–4.3). Females were less likely to see a GP but more likely to see a neurologist. Aboriginals were more likely than nonaboriginals to visit the ER (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–5.0) or be hospitalized (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.1) but less likely to see a neurologist (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.6). Welfare status and residence location (urban vs. rural) were not associated with HRU level.
Discussion: We demonstrated the feasibility of using administrative databases to assess HRU in epilepsy. We also uncovered disparities in HRU by age, gender, and by aboriginal status, suggesting possible internal or external barriers to specialized care in some groups.
Surgical outcome of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Özkara Çiğdem , Uzan Mustafa , Benbir Gülçin , Yeni Naz , Oz Büge , Hanoğlu Lütfü , Karaağac Naci , Özyurt Emin 
Published: March 2008

Summary Seizure outcome in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) that was evaluated according to a noninvasive protocol was assessed in 165 patients and reported using both Engel's and ILAE classifications. The mean postoperative follow‐up was 5.0 ± 2.7 years. At the end of first year, 77.1% of patients were in Engel‐I, and 52.7% were in ILAE‐I. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were discontinued in 41 patients (42.7%), all remained seizure‐free for >2 years that could be accepted as “cure.” Thirty‐six patients had recurrences, 19 had running‐down phenomena. Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) was performed in 27 patients with a better outcome when compared to patients operated by selective anterior hippocampectomy. Clinical risk factors for better and worse outcome, which show some similarity in different reports, seem to veil the main reason, which is the accurate delineation of epileptogenic zone considering the presence of different subgroups and underlying developmental pathologies.
The influence of simulated shipping conditions (24‐ or 30‐hr interruption of agitation) on the in vitro properties of apheresis platelets during 7‐day storage
Authors: Wagner Stephen J. , Vassallo Ralph , Skripchenko Andrey , Einarson Mindy , Seetharaman Shalini , Moroff Gary 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) components undergo interruption of agitation during shipment. Studies have demonstrated maintenance of PLT quality of whole blood–derived PLT concentrates during a 24‐hour interruption of agitation, but data are not available for apheresis PLTs in 100 percent plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apheresis PLTs were collected with one of two commercially available separators (Amicus, Fenwal, Inc.; or Trima Accel, Gambro BCT) to provide two identical PLT products, each with approximately 3 × 1011 to 4.5 × 1011 PLTs. The control product was continuously agitated. The test product was subjected to a continuous 24‐ or 30‐hour period of interrupted agitation between Day 2 and Day 3 of storage by placement in a standard shipping box at room temperature.RESULTS: Interrupting agitation for 24 or 30 hours influenced in vitro PLT properties to various degrees. After 5 days of storage, pH levels were judged to be well maintained after 24 hours without agitation for PLTs collected with both separators (pH < 6.2, Trima [0/12] and Amicus [0/12]). The changes in other variables associated with the retention of postinfusion viability were also considered limited and acceptable in units subjected to a 24‐hour interruption of agitation. After 7 days of storage including a 24‐hour interruption of agitation, Trima PLTs better maintained PLT properties compared to Amicus PLTs. With a 30‐hour period, both Trima and Amicus PLTs were deemed satisfactory for pH at 5 days, but not at 7 days (pH < 6.2: Day 5, Trima [0/23] and Amicus [1/22]; Day 7, Trima [5/23] and Amicus [4/17]).CONCLUSION: Based on the retention of pH levels of at least 6.2, apheresis PLT quality was maintained for 5 days with a 24‐hour and a 30‐hour interruption of agitation.
RETRACTED: Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide, a Melanocortin Receptor Agonist, in Female Subjects with Arousal Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Fixed Dose, Randomized Study
Authors: Safarinejad Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2008

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Following the retraction of Dr. Safarinejad's work by other journals, The Journal of Sexual Medicine has undertaken an extensive re-review of all papers Dr. Safarinejad published with the journal. Following an intensive re-evaluation and close scrutiny of the manuscripts, our expert reviewers raised multiple concerning questions about the methodology, results, and statistical interpretation as presented in this article. Dr. Safarinejad was contacted to provide his original data and offer explanations to address the concerns expressed by the reviewers. Dr Safarinejad chose not to respond. Consequently, we can no longer verify the results or methods as presented and therefore retract the article.