bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Editorials at a Glance”: Cultural Policy, Gender, and Modernity in the World War I Bureau of Cartoons
Authors: Coventry Michael T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCultural policy during the Great War, rather than radiating from the central government, evolved from contemporary culture—propaganda, movies, and mass media. The state was a player, but quasi‐public organizations such as propaganda agencies, non‐state actors like the YMCA, and “public opinion” played important roles.The Committee on Public Information (CPI)—the government's propaganda committee—influenced Americans through books, advertisements, posters, and cartoons. This essay examines two of the CPI's efforts: the Bureau of Cartoons and the Division of Pictorial Publicity. In these materials, we can see the intersection of class‐based notions of gendered idealism and a developing media state's use of a sentimental culture of the Victorian middle‐class to represent and motivate the nation. With staff drawn primarily from advertising agencies and newspapers, the Committee's work shows how the formulation of cultural policy is the result of complex negotiated processes involving state interests, cultural liaisons, and ideological assumptions.
Culture without the State? Reinvigorating Ukrainian Culture with Diasporic Efforts
Authors: Holmes Marcus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article explores the efforts of diaspora groups to reinvigorate culture. Cultural policy studies tend to focus on efforts of the state to fund and support the maintenance, enhancement, and preservation of national culture(s). This article contributes to this area of research by noting the effects of diaspora groups in achieving many of the same ends as official cultural policy through unofficial means. Using Ukraine as an interpretive case study, the article explores diasporic efforts to respond to a lack of cultural policy at home by invigorating Ukrainian culture abroad. Through the use of social networking tools, Ukrainian diaspora groups in the United States and Canada have been successful in maintaining their culture without the state. This study suggests that cultural policy research should involve not only official state‐centric efforts, but nonofficial diaspora‐centric efforts of cultural invigoration.
Sex Workers and Cultural Policy: Mapping the Issues and Actors in Thailand
Authors: Singh J.P. , Hart Shilpa A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article deals with the deeply controversial side of cultural tourism in mapping the position of the sex industry. In doing so, it places sex tourism in two epistemic contexts: one context expands the notion of cultural policies, the other notes the implicit and explicit origins and effects of cultural policies affecting sex work, although these positions are not mutually exclusive. Sex tourism, we argue, poses a particular challenge to the understandings embedded in these contexts. The sex industry points us to the limits of cultural policies, both in terms of expanding the scope of cultural industries and also in documenting their effects. So far, while we expand the list of cultural industries, the sex industry remains as the industry that must not speak its name. Officials do not want to name it; neither do they do much to stop it. Naming and mapping sex tourism is then a useful place to start. For empirical substantiation, Thailand is our case study. We document the cultural and economic importance of sex work. In doing so, we also remain sensitive to the context of racism, stigma, trafficking, and HIV/AIDS issues that intersect sex work.
ORGANIC ACIDS PROFILE IN TOMATO JUICE BY HPLC WITH UV DETECTION
Authors: MARCONI OMBRETTA , FLORIDI SIMONA , MONTANARI LUIGI 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT A simple method was developed to determine 10 organic acids simultaneously in tomato products using reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column with the diode array detector set at 210 nm. After centrifugation and filtration, the samples were passed through to an anion exchange resin and the organic acids were released using 0.1 N HCl. The chromatographic separation was achieved with isocratic analysis in a 20‐min run. The method was reliable and sensitive. The coefficient of determination of the standard calibration curve is 0.9925 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.9999 and the limit of detection ranged from 0.08 to 6.00 mg/kg for trans‐aconitic acid and acetic acid, respectively. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.19 to 15.18 mg/kg for trans‐aconitic and acetic acid, respectively. To establish the efficiency of the anion resin the procedure was applied to a standard solution of a mixture of organic acids. The organic acids recovery ranged from 87.0% ± 1.9 for citramalic acid to 109.9% ± 5.2 for fumaric acid.
EFFECT OF DRUG RESIDUES ON RENNET COAGULATION OF MILK
Authors: DREASSI E. , ZANFINI A. , LA ROSA C. , CORTI P. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to consider the problem of residual drugs in cow's milk and to define the influence of such residues in the milk coagulation process, including the case in which the concentration is below the lowest limits permitted by law. Compounds that have EU maximum residue levels (MRLs) were selected. Through milk dynamographic analysis, the chemical and rheological parameters (r, k20 and a30) were determined in relation to the different quantities of drug additions. Effects on coagulation were demonstrated for high concentration. The only residue that demonstrated significant effects at MRL value was trimethoprim. These results were confirmed using electron microscopy, rheological studies and near‐infrared spectral analysis.
QUALITY CURVES FOR MANGO FRUIT (CV. TOMMY ATKINS AND PALMER) STORED AT CHILLING AND NONCHILLING TEMPERATURES
Authors: NUNES M. CECILIA N. , EMOND J.P. , BRECHT JEFFREY K. , DEA SHARON , PROULX EMILIE 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT “Tommy Atkins” and “Palmer” mangoes were harvested medium‐ripe held for 7–20 days at five different temperatures and evaluated for quality attributes. The objective of this work was to obtain quality curves at chilling and nonchilling temperatures and to identify, for each temperature, which quality factors limit mango marketability. Chilling injury and increased fruit softness were the limiting quality factors for mango stored at 2 and 5C. Softening of the fruit, changes in color and development of decay were the limiting quality factors for mango stored at 12, 15 and 20C. Prediction of mango shelf life calculated from the data reported in the literature is not precise unless the characteristics of the fruit and environmental factors involved are well known. The curves obtained from quality evaluations for each temperature showed that a single quality attribute cannot be used to express loss of quality of mango over the normal physiological range of temperatures.
COLD‐CONDITIONING TREATMENT REDUCES CHILLING INJURY IN MEXICAN LIMES (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA S.) STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: RIVERA FERNANDO , PELAYO‐ZALDIVAR CLARA , DE LEÓN FERNANDO DÍAZ , BUENTELLO BEATRIZ , CASTILLO‐RIVERA MANUEL , PÉREZ‐FLORES LAURA J. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT Induction of different antioxidant enzymes by high and low temperatures prior to storage has been reported to produce tolerance to chilling injury (CI). Thus, different prestorage temperatures have been suggested to decrease CI in citrus fruits. In this work, the effectiveness of a cold‐conditioning treatment (13C for 48 h) to prevent CI was evaluated in Mexican limes (Citrus aurantifolia S.) stored at 4, 10 and 25C, and 90% relative humidity. Cold conditioning reduced 1.6‐fold CI symptoms, induced a significant increase of 2.2‐fold peroxidase activity and maintained the activity of superoxide dismutase in limes kept at 4C. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of the cold‐conditioning treatment in increasing chilling tolerance in Mexican limes depends on the induction or maintenance of antioxidant enzymatic systems during the entire storage period.
An Inverse Procedure to Estimate Transmissivity from Heads and SP Signals
Authors: Straface Salvatore , Fallico Carmine , Troisi Salvatore , Rizzo Enzo , Revil André 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental hydraulic heads and electrical (self‐potential) signals associated with a pumping test were used in an inverse model to estimate the transmissivity distribution of a real aquifer. Several works reported in the literature show that there is a relatively good linear relationship between the hydraulic heads in the aquifer and electrical signals measured at the ground surface. In this experimental test field, first, the current coupling coefficient was determined by the best fit between experimental and modeled self‐potential signals at the end of the pumping phase. Soon afterward, with the hydraulic heads obtained from the self‐potential signals, the transmissivity distribution of the aquifer was conditioned by means an inverse model based on the successive linear estimator (SLE). To further substantiate the estimated T field from the SLE analysis, we analyzed the drawdown rate, the derivative of the drawdown with respect to the ln(t), because the drawdown rate is highly sensitive to the variability in the transmissivity field. In our opinion, these results show that self‐potential signals allow the monitoring of subsurface flow in the course of pumping experiments, and that electrical potentials serve as a good complement to piezometric observations to condition and characterize the transmissivity distribution of an aquifer.
Porosity and Permeability in Sediment Mixtures
Authors: Kamann Patrick J. , Ritzi Robert W. , Dominic David F. , Conrad Caleb M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPorosity in sediments that contain a mix of coarser‐ and finer‐grained components varies as a function of the porosity and volume fraction of each component. We considered sediment mixtures representing poorly sorted sands and gravely sands. We expanded an existing fractional‐packing model for porosity to represent mixtures in which finer grains approach the size of the pores that would exist among the coarser grains alone. The model well represents the porosity measured in laboratory experiments in which grain sizes and volume fractions were systematically changed within sediment mixtures. Permeability values were determined for these sediment mixtures using a model based on grain‐size statistics and the expanded fractional‐packing porosity model. The permeability model well represents permeability measured in laboratory experiments using air‐ and water‐based permeametry on the model sediment mixtures.
Palliative care in nursing homes: exploring care assistants’ knowledge
Authors: Whittaker Evelyn , George Kernohan W. , Hasson Felicity , Howard Valerie , McLaughlin Dorry 
Published: March 2007

Aim.  To explore the level of palliative care knowledge and to identify educational needs of care assistants (CAs) working within a nursing home context.Background.  In the United Kingdom (UK) many patients at the end‐of‐life are admitted to (or reside in) nursing homes, where they receive care from unqualified CAs who have little formal training. Mandatory training in specific skills to meet palliative care needs are absent.Method.  Questionnaire to CAs in 48 of 91 private nursing homes in one UK region.Findings.  A population of 1135 CAs were targeted with a response rate of 45% (n = 508). A high proportion of CAs in this sample required information about the philosophy and principles of palliative care. Results support the need for an educational initiative to improve palliative care in nursing homes.Conclusion.  Although recognized as a common place of death for older people, CAs are often unprepared to provide end‐of‐life care to nursing home residents. It is recommended that attention be given towards developing the skills and knowledge of this staff group.
Evaluating the context within which continence care is provided in rehabilitation units for older people
Authors: Wright Jayne , McCormack Brendan , Coffey Alice , McCarthy Geraldine 
Published: March 2007

Aim.  This paper presents the first phase of an all Ireland 2‐year study between the University of Ulster and University College Cork, to determine the contextual indicators that enable or hinder person centred continence care and management in rehabilitation settings for older people. The primary outcome of the study was the development of a tool to enable practitioners to assess the practice context within which continence care is provided. The main focus of this paper is the value of understanding practice ‘context’ (culture, leadership and evaluation) and its impact to the provision of person centred continence care.Background.  The literature highlights the effect of continence problems on the quality of life of older people. Incontinence is often seen by health care professionals and older people as an inevitable consequence of ageing and difficult to treat. Furthermore, health care professionals do not always have the necessary skills and knowledge of best practice in continence care and treatments. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework utilized in the study proposes that successful implementation of evidence in practice is dependent on the inter‐relationship of three key elements; the nature of the evidence, the quality of the context and expert facilitation. Kitson et al. propose that for successful implementation, evidence needs to be robust, the context receptive to change and appropriate facilitation is needed. Consequently understanding practice ‘context’ and its impact on the provision of person centred continence care is of value.Methods.  Case study methodology with several data collection methods was utilized to measure all aspects of ‘context’ as identified by the PARIHS framework. Methods include: Royal College of Physicians Audit Scheme, Staff Knowledge questionnaire, semi‐structured observation of practice and multidisciplinary focus groups.Findings.  The data were analysed in two stages. Stage 1 using both qualitative and quantitative (SPSS 12) methods. Stage 2 analysed all the data utilizing the characteristics of context from the PARIHS framework in order to identify the strong and weak characteristics of the context within which continence care was provided. Continence care and management in this study was found to be focused on continence containment rather than proactive management. The evidence suggests that the context (leadership, culture and evaluation) was weak and not conducive to person centred continence care and management.Conclusion.  An analysis of the data using the context framework provided a picture of the context within the units and the identification of the specific contextual issues hindering and enabling the delivery of person centred continence care. This process has thus, added to our understanding of the importance of context to the provision of person‐centred care.
Purification and Characterization of Acid Phosphatase from the Egg of the Lady Beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: LEE Jun Hyuk , PARK Yong Chul 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTAcid phosphatase (AP) in the egg of the lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, was purified and characterized. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM column and isoelectrofocusing (IEF) were applied to purify an estimated molecular weight of 66 kDa AP. The purity was checked by SDS PAGE, native PAGE and Western blot. AP was detected in the hemolymph of the female and the egg, but not in the male on the blotting. Km of AP for a substrate, p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (p‐NPP), was 1.64 x 10‐4 M. AP had the optimum enzymatic activity at pH 3.5. In inhibition tests performed with various chemicals, ammonium molybdate suppressed 99% of the enzyme activity of AP even at the concentration of 5 x 10‐4 mM. AP was stable up to 50°C.
Silk Production after Mechanical Pulling Stimulation in the Ampullate Silk Glands of the Barn Spider, Araneus cavaticus
Authors: MOON Myung‐Jin , TILLINGHAST Edward K. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSynthesis of protein by the major ampullate silk glands in the barn spider, Araneus cavaticus was stimulated by depleting the storage of silk protein in the ampulla by mechanically pulling fiber from the spigot. After this treatment, fine structural changes of the glandular epithelium during silk production were examined using light and transmission electron microscopes. In the process of rapid production, major secretory silk was synthesized at the tail region via rER of glandular epithelial cells, and was transported into the ampulla region. The mature secretory product in glandular epithelium appears almost spherical vacuoles which were grown up by fusion with the surrounding small vesicles including the secretory silk. Unlike to a typical process of the secretion, the ampullate silk of tail region seems to bypass either concentrating or packaging steps by the Golgi apparatus. However there's no doubt that the Golgi apparatus also play an important role in the secretory process of the ampulla region. After mechanical pulling stimulation, both epithelia of ampulla and tail regions appeared as a thinner layer of columnar cells with less definitive cell membrane. There are few secretory droplets within these cells, thus causing this region to stain much lighter. It is obvious that the cell loses part of its cytoplasm in this process, and disorganization of the secretory product occurs when it is extruded from the cells by a apocrine release.
Taxonomic Study of Korean Oedipodinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae)
Authors: KIM Tae‐Woo , KIM Jin‐Ill 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTAs a result of Korean Oedipodinae is taxonomically revised, eleven species are recognized and Microgastrimargus taeguensis Lee and Park 1992 is a new synonym of Oedaleus infernalis Saussure 1884. A key to Korean species of Oedipodinae, and description of a little known species Epacromius japonicus (Shiraki 1910) are provided.
Taxonomic Study of Korean Chrysochraontini (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae)
Authors: KIM Tae‐Woo , KIM Jin‐Ill 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTFive species of Korean Chrysochraontini are recognized through the taxonomic investigation. Among them Chrysochraon dispar major Uvarov, 1925 is newly recorded from North Korea, and Euthystira pavlovskii Bey‐Bienko, 1954 is synonymized under Mongolotettix japonicus (Bolívar, 1898). A key is provided, and morphological variations of M. japonicus are discussed.
Microstructural Analysis of the Capture Thread Spinning Apparatus in Orb Web Spiders
Authors: MOON Myung‐Jin , KIM Tae‐Hyun 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThe microstructural characteristics of the capture thread production from silk glands in the orb web spiders were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Sticky and gluey capture threads of the web are originated from the silks of two flagelliform glands and four aggregate glands. They supply precursors of the secretory silks to a pair of characteristic “triad” spinning units on the posterior spinnerets. The aggregate gland is composed of large and multi‐lobed secretory region and thick excretory duct surrounded by large irregular nodules. The excretory duct of this gland basically consists of three superposed types of cells which are inner columnar epithelium, nodule forming cells and outer connectives. The nodules contain numerous mitochondria and glycogen particles within their cytoplasm and they are surrounded by the same sheath of thin connective tissues. Secretory region of the aggregate gland which produce water‐soluble components of the capture thread comprises discrete secretory vesicles and extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. Characteristically, secretory droplets are formed without involvement of the Golgi complexes, suggesting that they do not play an important role in the processing of the capture threads. However the electron densities and internal textures of the granules are observed with diverse according to their maturation level. Finally, the secretory products are released by the mechanism of apocrine secretion losing part of their cytoplasm during this process.
On the Construction of Imputation Classes in Surveys
Authors: Haziza David , Beaumont Jean‐François 
Published: March 2007

Summary This paper explores the problem of the construction of imputation classes using the score method, sometimes called predictive mean stratification or response propensity stratification, depending on the context. This method was studied in Thomsen (1973), Little (1986) and Eltinge & Yansaneh (1997). We use a different framework to evaluate the properties of the resulting imputed estimator of a population mean. In our framework, we condition on the realized sample. This enables us to considerably simplify our theoretical developments in the frequent situation where the boundaries and the number of classes are sample‐dependent. We find that the key factor for reducing the non‐response bias is to form classes homogeneous with respect to the response probabilities and/or the conditional expectation of the variable of interest. In the latter case, the non‐response/imputation variance is also reduced. Finally, we performed a simulation study to fully evaluate various versions of the score method and to compare them with a cross‐classification method, which is frequently used in practice. The results showed the superiority of the score method in general.
Regional Inequalities in Consumption Patterns: A Multilevel Approach to the Case of Italy
Authors: Bono Filippa , Cuffaro Miranda , Giaimo Rosa 
Published: March 2007

Summary The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the disparities in the Italian regions on the demand side. In more detail, an attempt will be made to find if the consumption behaviour of Italian households is different in the regions. With this in mind, Istat's 2000 Italian Family Budget data set was analysed. The data in question, which were collected through a two‐stage sample over Italy's 20 regions, contains information regarding the expenses of approximately 23,000 households. In this analysis, both households and regions are considered as units: households are nested in the regions so that the basic data structure is hierarchical. In order to take this hierarchical structure into account, a multilevel model was used, making it possible for parameters to vary randomly from region to region. The model in question also made it possible to consider heterogeneity across different groups (regions), such as stochastic variation. First, regional inequalities were tested using a simple model in which households constituted the first level of analysis and were grouped according to their region (the second level). As a second step, and in order to investigate the interaction between geographical context and income distribution, another model was used. This was cross‐classified by income and regions. The most relevant results showed that there is wide fragmentation of consumption behaviour and, at the same time, various differentiated types of behaviour in the regions under analysis. These territorial differentials become clear from income class and items of consumption.