bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiological and antimicrobial-resistant mechanisms analysis of prolonged Neisseria gonorrhoeae collection between 1971 and 2005 in Japan
Authors: Kagawa Narito , Aoki Kotaro , Komori Kohji , Ishii Yoshikazu , Shimuta Ken , Ohnishi Makoto , Tateda Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
As antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains have emerged, humans have adjusted the antimicrobials used to treat infections. We identified shifts in the N. gonorrhoeae population and the determinants of AMR strains isolated during the recurring emergence of resistant strains and changes in antimicrobial therapies.

Methods
We examined 243 N. gonorrhoeae strains corrected at the Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan, these isolated in 1971–2005. We performed multilocus sequence typing and AMR determinants (penA, mtrR, porB, ponA, 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC) mainly using high-throughput genotyping methods together with draft whole-genome sequencing on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform.

Results
All 243 strains were divided into 83 STs. ST1901 (n = 17) was predominant and first identified after 2001. Forty-two STs were isolated in the 1970s, 34 in the 1980s, 22 in the 1990s and 13 in the 2000s, indicating a decline in ST diversity over these decades. Among the 29 strains isolated after 2001, 28 were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 8 mg/L) with two or more amino-acid substitutions in quinolone-resistance-determining regions. Seven strains belonging to ST7363 (n = 3), ST1596 (n = 3) and ST1901 (n = 1) were not susceptible to cefixime, and six strains carried penA alleles with mosaic-like penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2; penA 10.001 and 10.016) or PBP2 substitutions A501V and A517G.

Conclusions
We observed a significant reduction in the diversity of N. gonorrhoeae over 35 years in Japan. Since 2001, ST1901, which is resistant to ciprofloxacin, has superseded previous strains, becoming the predominant ST population.
A many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on learning assessment and mapping guidance of historical superior information
Authors: Xiong Jinlian , Liu Gang , Gao Zhigang , Zhou Chong , Hu Peng , Bao Qian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multi-objective optimization algorithms have shown effectiveness on problems with two or three objectives. As the number of objectives increases, the proportion of non-dominated solutions increases rapidly, resulting in insufficient selection pressure. Nevertheless, insufficient selection pressure usually leads to the loss of convergence, too intense selection pressure often results in a lack of diversity. Hence, balancing the convergence and diversity remains a challenging problem in many-objective optimization problems. To remedy this issue, a many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on learning assessment and mapping guidance of historical superior information, referred to here as MaOEA-LAMG, is presented. In the proposed algorithm, an effective learning assessment strategy according to historical superior information based on an elite archive updated by indicator ${I}_{\varepsilon + }$ is proposed, which can estimate the shape of the Pareto front and lay the foundation for subsequent fitness and acute angle-based similarity calculations. From this foundation, to balance the convergence and diversity dynamically, a mapping guidance strategy based on the historical superior information is designed, which contains clustering, associating, and proportional selection. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated and compared with 10 state-of-the-art algorithms on 24 test instances with various Pareto fronts and real-world water resource planning problem. The empirical studies substantiate the efficacy of the results with competitive performance.
State Church and Religious Equality: A Comparative Study of Competing Logics during the Process of Changing Relations between State and Church in Sweden and Norway
Authors: Nylenna Helge K , Lundgren Linnea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, the religious landscape in the Nordic countries has changed. Transforming from traditional homogeneous Evangelical-Lutheran societies into more religiously and culturally diverse, there have been reforms creating new relationships between the states and the traditional state churches. Taking a comparative approach, this article analyzes how institutional logics guided the church and state reforms in Norway and Sweden. Analyzing governmental documents through the theoretical lens of institutional logics, the article makes a distinction between the logic of state church and the logic of religious equality. The article shows how the former acts as a foundational logic within policymaking even though there has been a movement towards more religious equality in legislation. Though there are differences in how Norway and Sweden facilitate their arrangements for support to faith communities, the ideas informing the arrangements are similar. We point towards an increased discrepancy behind the ideas informing policymaking and the practical implications of those policies.
Potential role of cannabis in ameliorating observed racialized disparities in cancer pain management
Authors: Gibson Laurel P , Ferrer Rebecca A , Meghani Salimah H , Acevedo Amanda M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cancer-related pain affects a large proportion of all patients with cancer yet remains inadequately managed, particularly among patients from certain racialized backgrounds. Recently, there has been increased research and clinical interest in the use of medical cannabis for cancer pain management, including its potential to ameliorate race-based disparities in cancer pain control. Although medical cannabis is not currently a US Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment option for cancer-related pain, many oncologists discuss and recommend its use with their patients, underscoring the need for researchers and clinicians to proactively identify barriers to cannabis for cancer pain management that may disproportionately affect patients from certain racial groups. In this commentary, we highlight challenges that patients from racialized backgrounds may face when incorporating cannabis into their palliative care regimens and discuss opportunities for researchers and clinicians to address these challenges should medical cannabis become a recommended treatment option for cancer pain management. In particular, we identify challenges at the structural (eg, lack of insurance coverage), clinician (eg, racialized stereotypes regarding addiction and pain), and individual (eg, internalized stigma) levels and emphasize the importance of multilevel approaches in combating these challenges as the evidence base regarding medical cannabis and its potential harms and therapeutic benefits continues to accumulate.
Trust at Risk: The Effect of Proximity to Cyberattacks
Authors: Gomez Miguel Alberto , Shandler Ryan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Proximity is a core feature of theories of political violence, with the effects of attacks rippling outward so that geographically proximate individuals experience more severe effects than those more distant. However, this model of proximity and exposure is unlikely to recur for cyberattacks. The incorporeality of cyber incidents and the absence of a physical epicenter constrain the mechanism coupling physical distance with harm. To empirically test the relationship between proximity and cyberattacks, we conducted a field study involving 707 German respondents following a ransomware attack in Düsseldorf. We find that the classical “ripple effect” is reversed, with political trust highest among people closer to the attack and lowest among those geographically distant. We postulate that in the absence of firsthand exposure to its effects, geographically distant individuals employ abstract conceptions of the consequences of cyber incidents that do not align with actual events. Consequently, distance does not confer security, and it can even amplify the adverse effects of exposure. This finding highlights the need for governments to actively work to assuage public fears following cyberattacks.
A new test of gravity – I. Introduction to the method
Authors: Armijo Joaquin , Baugh Carlton M , Norberg Peder , Padilla Nelson D 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTWe introduce a new scheme based on the marked correlation function to probe gravity using the large-scale structure of the Universe. We illustrate our approach by applying it to simulations of the metric-variation f(R) modified gravity theory and general relativity (GR). The modifications to the equations in f(R) gravity lead to changes in the environment of large-scale structures that could, in principle, be used to distinguish this model from GR. Applying the Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm, we use the observed number density and two-point clustering to fix the halo occupation distribution (HOD) model parameters and build mock galaxy catalogues from both simulations. To generate a mark for galaxies when computing the marked correlation function we estimate the local density using a Voronoi tessellation. Our approach allows us to isolate the contribution to the uncertainty in the predicted marked correlation function that arises from the range of viable HOD model parameters, in addition to the sample variance error for a single set of HOD parameters. This is critical for assessing the discriminatory power of the method. In a companion paper, we apply our new scheme to a current large-scale structure survey.
Tex46 knockout male mice are sterile secondary to sperm head malformations and failure to penetrate through the zona pellucida
Authors: Fujihara Yoshitaka , Miyata Haruhiko , Abbasi Ferheen , Larasati Tamara , Nozawa Kaori , Yu Zhifeng , Ikawa Masahito , Matzuk Martin M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Each year, infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide, with 50% of cases attributed to men. It is assumed that sperm head shape is important for sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) penetration but research has yet to elucidate why. We generated testis expressed 46 (Tex46) knockout mice to investigate the essential roles of TEX46 in mammalian reproduction. We used RT-PCR to demonstrate that Tex46 was expressed exclusively in the male reproductive tract in mice and humans. We created Tex46−/− mice using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and analyzed their fertility. Tex46 null spermatozoa underwent further evaluation using computer-assisted sperm analysis, light microscopy, and ultrastructural microscopy. We used immunoblot analysis to elucidate relationships between TEX46 and other acrosome biogenesis-related proteins. Mouse and human TEX46 are testis-enriched and encode a transmembrane protein which is conserved from amphibians to mammals. Loss of the mouse TEX46 protein causes male sterility primarily due to abnormal sperm head formation and secondary effects on sperm motility. Tex46 null spermatozoa morphologically lack the typical hooked sperm head appearance and fail to penetrate through the ZP. Electron microscopy of the testicular germ cells reveals malformation of the acrosomal cap, with misshapen sperm head tips and the appearance of a gap between the acrosome head and the nucleus. TEX46 is essential for sperm head formation, sperm penetration through the ZP, and male fertility in mice, and is a putative contraceptive target in men.
Investigative fatigue: how sleep-circadian factors shape criminal investigations
Authors: Krizan Zlatan , Jones Matthew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Investigating criminal complaints and identifying culprits to be prosecuted in the court of law is an essential process for law-enforcement and public safety. However, law-enforcement investigators operate under very challenging conditions due to stressful environments, understaffing, and public scrutiny, which factors into investigative errors (e.g. uncleared cases). This paper argues that one contributing factor to investigative failures involves sleep and circadian disruption of investigators themselves, known to be prevalent among law-enforcement. By focusing on investigative interviewing, this analysis illustrates how sleep and circadian disruption could impact investigations by considering three broad phases of (1) preparation, (2) information elicitation, and (3) assessment and corroboration. These phases are organized in a framework that outlines theory-informed pathways in need of empirical attention, with special focus on effort and decision-making processes critical to investigations. While existing evidence is limited, preliminary findings support some elements of investigative fatigue. The paper concludes by placing investigative fatigue in a broader context of investigative work while providing recommendations for future research throughout.
This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Health in the Justice System Collection.
Establishing an infrastructure to optimize the integration of genomics into research: Results from a precision health needs assessment
Authors: Allen Caitlin G , Bouchie Gwendolyn , Judge Daniel P , Coen Emma , English Sarah , Norman Samantha , Kirchoff Katie , Ramos Paula S , Hirschhorn Julie , Lenert Leslie , McMahon Lori L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Researchers across the translational research continuum have emphasized the importance of integrating genomics into their research program. To date capacity and resources for genomics research have been limited; however, a recent population-wide genomic screening initiative launched at the Medical University of South Carolina in partnership with Helix has rapidly advanced the need to develop appropriate infrastructure for genomics research at our institution. We conducted a survey with researchers from across our institution (n = 36) to assess current knowledge about genomics health, barriers, and facilitators to uptake, and next steps to support translational research using genomics. We also completed 30-minute qualitative interviews with providers and researchers from diverse specialties (n = 8). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analyses. A rapid assessment process was used to develop a preliminary understanding of each interviewee’s perspective. These interviews were transcribed and coded to extract themes. The codes included types of research, alignment with precision health, opportunities to incorporate precision health, examples of researchers in the field, barriers, and facilitators to uptake, educational activity suggestions, questions to be answered, and other observations. Themes from the surveys and interviews inform implementation strategies that are applicable not only to our institution, but also to other organizations interested in making genomic data available to researchers to support genomics-informed translational research.
Laterally Protruded Cephalomedullary Nail Lag Screws are a Source of Consistent Thigh Pain After Pertrochanteric Fracture
Authors: Güven Şahan , Naldöven Ömer Faruk , Alkan Hilmi , Erdoğan Yasin , Çepni Şahin , Veizi Enejd 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the correlation between the amount of proximal screw lateralization and clinical symptoms in patients treated with a cephalomedullary nail (CMN) after a pertrochanteric fracture.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients operated for a pertrochanteric fracture (OTA/AO A1, A2, A3) between 2019 and 2022 and treated with a CMN were included.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Three measurements were evaluated: D1 distance between the most laterally prominent point of the lag screw and the line tangent to the greater trochanter, D2 distance between the lateral femoral cortex and the most laterally prominent point of the lag screw, and D3 distance between the point where the lag screw emerges at the lateral edge of the femur shaft and the skin's surface. Clinical scores and information regarding lateral thigh pain were obtained, and a correlation analysis was performed.

RESULTS:
Mean age of the study cohort (n = 134) was 77.9 ± 12.3 years. Patients with categorical protrusion (considered present in cases where the distance between the lateral tip of the lag screw and the lateral border of the greater trochanter was ≥0.2 mm) had significantly higher rates of lateral thigh pain (P = 0.007) and discomfort while lying on the side (P = 0.032) compared with those without protrusion. Correlation analyses showed a positive correlation between measurements D1 and D2 and lateral thigh pain (r = 0.324 and r = 0.334, respectively, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between D3 and lateral thigh pain (r = −0.286, P = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that higher D1 and D2 distances and shorter D3 distances are risk factors for lateral thigh pain (P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Increasing lateral protrusion of the lag screw leads to significantly greater clinical complaints and lateral hip pain in patients treated with a CMN. Patients with lower distance between the lateral femoral wall and the skin are at higher risk of lateral pain.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tranexamic Acid in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding is Associated With Venous and Arterial Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Fowler Cosmo , Nasser Jason , Fera Brittany , Chism Lauren , Pastores Stephen M. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the risk difference of arterial and venous thromboembolic events between patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) who received and did not receive tranexamic acid.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
The TriNetX Analytics (Cambridge, MA) Research Network, a deidentified mixed electronic health record and claims-derived database with over 110 million patients, primarily located in the United States.

PATIENTS:
A total of 2,016,763 patients diagnosed with hematemesis or melena between October 31, 2003, and October 31, 2023.

INTERVENTIONS:
Receipt of tranexamic acid within 7 days of a UGIB diagnosis.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We measured the incidence of thromboembolic events, both venous (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]) and arterial (cerebrovascular accident [CVA] and myocardial infarction [MI]), within either 7 days of tranexamic acid (for recipients) or 7 days of UGIB diagnosis (for nonrecipients). Subsequently, we developed similar subcohorts using propensity score matching (PSM) for demographic and comorbidity data and reexamined the incidence of thromboembolic events, both before and after excluding any patients with any prior episodes of the outcomes. In all analyses, tranexamic acid recipients experienced significantly more adverse thromboembolic outcomes, with the post-PSM cohorts’ risk difference generating an odds ratio of 1.4 for MI (95% CI, 1.2–1.7), 1.6 in CVA (95% CI, 1.3–1.9), 1.8 in PE (95% CI, 1.5–2.3), and 2.1 in DVT (95% CI, 1.8–2.5); all p values of less than 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS:
Leveraging data from a large, multi-institutional database, we identified a correlation between tranexamic acid use in patients with UGIB and the occurrence of both venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Although the former is well-attested in the literature, the latter finding is more novel, underscoring the need for further prospective research to better characterize the risk-benefit profile of tranexamic acid in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding.
COVID-19 and the Impact on Delirium Care of Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Byrnes Tru , Pate Kimberly , Belin Latasia , Weaver Kelley Jo A. , Cochran Allyson 
Published: March 2024

Background:Older adult patients with COVID-19 and delirium experience higher rates of adverse outcomes. Early recognition of at-risk patients and implementation of management strategies improve outcomes, though understanding barriers to acute care nurses implementing these strategies is limited.Purpose:This study's purpose was to understand the experiences of acute care nurses providing care to older adults with COVID-19 and delirium. Experiences explored included assessment, nursing management interventions, and barriers to care.Methods:Purposive sampling to recruit nurses for semistructured focus groups was performed, and thematic analysis was generated by 4 members of the research team.Results:Twenty-one nurses participated in focus groups. Thematic analysis revealed themes of increased patient social isolation, barriers to delirium assessment and prevention, increased staff demands, and stressful work environments.Conclusion:Rich findings reveal the profound impact of the pandemic on assessment for delirium and implementation of strategies for prevention and management in older adult patients.
Comparison of Outcomes after Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Latissimus Dorsi with Immediate Fat Transfer versus Abdominally Based Free Flaps
Authors: Spoer Daisy L. , Berger Lauren E. , Huffman Samuel S. , Lava Christian X. , Dekker Paige K. , Ko JiMin A. , Truong Brian N. , Towfighi Parhom N. , Ghyasi Niloofar , Fan Kenneth L. , Song David H. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Autologous breast reconstruction confers favorable patient reports of satisfaction and quality of life compared with implant-based reconstruction over a lifetime. The latissimus dorsi with immediate fat transfer (LIFT) is an alternative approach to abdominally based free flaps (Ab-FF), which expands fully autologous reconstruction to nonmicrosurgeons. This study compared the 2 procedures concerning their clinical and patient-reported outcomes 1 year postoperatively.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective review of LIFTs and Ab-FFs performed between March of 2017 and August of 2022. The primary outcomes were postoperative complications, reoperations, and longitudinal BREAST-Q scores. BREAST-Q modules included Satisfaction with Breasts, Satisfaction with Abdomen, Satisfaction with Back, Psychosocial Well-being, Physical Well-being: Chest, Physical Well-being: Abdomen, Physical Well-being: Back, and Sexual Well-being.

Results:
Of the 281 included patients (408 breasts), 211 received Ab-FF and 70 received LIFT. One-year follow-up (median [interquartile range], 12 [12] months) demonstrated that Ab-FF independently predicted dehiscence, reoperation procedures, and revisional surgery. LIFT independently increased the odds of seroma. Obesity predicted dehiscence, and bilateral reconstructions predicted revisional fat grafting. BREAST-Q scores fluctuated over time but were similar across all measured domains by 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Although Ab-FF is the standard approach for fully autologous reconstruction, LIFT procedures may be associated with a less complicated postoperative course while eliciting similar patient-reported outcomes. LIFT may be preferred to limit postoperative complications, particularly in patients with obesity. LIFT can be used by plastic surgeons who are not trained in microsurgical procedures or do not have an environment that fosters Ab-FF.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.