bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Function and Psychological Status among Males and Females with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Kazemi-Saleh Davoud , Pishgoo Bahram , Farrokhi Farhat , Fotros Aryandokht , Assari Shervin 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) may also suffer from mental and sexual problems, and we should consider the mutual influence such conditions have on each other. However, the interrelation between sexual and mental problems in the context of CAD has not been fully investigated, especially when it comes to gender.

Aim
Our aim was to evaluate sexuality and psychiatric symptoms among patients with CAD and the relation between them in each gender.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 550 (397 men and 153 women) patients with documented CAD were surveyed for anxiety and depression using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) self-administered questionnaire as well as the relation and sexuality scale (RSS). Three subscores were calculated for sexual function, frequency, and fear, with higher scores indicative of a poorer condition.

Main Outcome Measures
The HADS and the RSS.

Results
Depressive symptoms and anxiety were more severe among our female subjects than they were among the male ones. In addition, the scores for sexual frequency, sexual function, and the total RSS were significantly higher in women, while men had a significantly higher score for sexual fear. The total RSS score correlated with depressive symptoms in women (r = 0.19, P = 0.03), but not in the male subjects. Considering the subscores, a higher score for sexual frequency correlated with depressive symptoms in both genders; however, being afraid of sexual relation correlated with depressive symptoms only in men with CAD and their spouses (r = 0.18, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
We found that women with CAD have poorer sexual relation and more severe depressive symptoms than men do. Among men with CAD and their wives, fear of sexual relationship is a more serious problem. Such gender-specific characteristics and their interrelations ought to receive due consideration in the management of CAD.
The Functional and Structural Consequences of Cavernous Nerve Injury are Ameliorated by Sildenafil Citrate
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Müller Alexander , Donohue John F. , Mullerad Michael , Kobylarz Keith , Paduch Darius A. , Tal Raanan , Li Philip S. , Cohen-Gould Leona , Scardino Peter T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Radical prostatectomy (RP) is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). A single, placebo-controlled, human study has assessed the effects of regular sildenafil use after RP and demonstrated an increased chance of preservation of preoperative erectile function.

Aim
This study was undertaken to define the effects of such a regimen in an animal model.

Methods
Using the cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury model, animals were divided into a number of groups: no CN injury (sham), bilateral CN injury exposed to either no sildenafil (control) or sildenafil at two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) subcutaneously daily for three different durations (3, 10, 28 days).

Main Outcome Measures
At these time points, CN electrical stimulation was used to assess erectile function by mean intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio. For the structural analyses, whole rat penes were harvested. Staining for Masson's trichrome was utilized to calculate the smooth muscle-collagen ratio. Immunohistochemical antibody staining was performed for endothelial (CD31 and eNOS) and neural (GAP43, NGF, and nNOS) factors and immunoblotting was performed to analyze the AKT/eNOS pathway. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used for the assessment of apoptotic indices and the CN architecture was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results
Erectile function was improved with sildenafil in a time- and dose-dependent fashion with maximization of erectile function recovery occurring with daily 20 mg/kg at the 28-day time point. Sildenafil use resulted in smooth muscle-collagen ratio protection and CD31 and eNOS expression preservation. Sildenafil reduced apoptotic indices significantly compared with control. Animals exposed to sildenafil had increased phosphorylation of akt and eNOS. Tem demonstrated distinct differences in architecture between control and sildenafil groups toward an increased amount of myelinized nerve fibers.

Conclusions
Sildenafil use in the CN crush injury model preserves erectile function that appears to be mediated predominantly through preservation of smooth muscle content and endothelial function as well as through reduction in apoptosis.
An Unusual Staged Labial Rejuvenation
Authors: Di Saia John P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Introduction
There have been concerns about the safety and effectiveness of publicized procedures in elective female genital rejuvenation.

Aim
To present an interesting case in which a staged approach to rejuvenation of both the Labia majora and minora was performed safely and effectively.

Methods
A patient with an unusual redundancy of both the Labia minora and majora presented interested in reduction. The procedure was performed in two parts.

Results
Despite her complication following the first stage, 6 weeks after her second stage, the patient is satisfied.

Conclusions
Cosmetic reduction of the Labia minora is well tolerated and can offer pleasing results with little morbidity. Surgery of the Labia majora may be more commonly complicated by bleeding.
The MMP2 rs243865‐T allele is not a major genetic factor for rheumatoid arthritis in the French Caucasian population
Authors: Jacq L. , Teixeira V. H. , Garnier S. , Petit‐Teixeira E. , Cornélis F. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe MMP2 rs243865‐T allele was recently suggested to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a case–control study. MMP2 is a positional RA candidate gene. Our aim was to test rs243865 in a French family based study. No significant result was shown. The MMP2 rs243865‐T allele is not a major rheumatoid arthritis genetic factor in this population.
The frequency of transforming growth factor‐β1 gene polymorphisms in a normal southern Iranian population
Authors: Amani D. , Farjadian S. , Ghaderi A. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySeveral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the transforming growth factor‐β1 gene (TGFB1) have been reported. Determination of TGFB1 SNPs allele frequencies in different ethnic groups is useful for both population genetic analyses and association studies with immunological diseases. In this study, five SNPs of TGFB1 were determined in 325 individuals from a normal southern Iranian population using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. This population was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for these SNPs. Of the 12 constructed haplotypes, GTCGC and GCTGC were the most frequent in the normal southern Iranian population. Comparison of genotype and allele frequencies of TGFB SNPs between Iranian and other populations (meta‐analysis) showed significant differences, and in this case the southern Iranian population seems genetically similar to Caucasoid populations. However, neighbour‐joining tree using Nei's genetic distances based on TGF‐β1 allele frequencies showed that southern Iranians are genetically far from people from the USA, Germany, UK, Denmark and the Czech Republic. In conclusion, this is the first report of the distribution of TGFB1 SNPs in an Iranian population and the results of this investigation may provide useful information for both population genetic and disease studies.
Association of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist +2018 gene polymorphism with Japanese chronic periodontitis patients using a novel genotyping method
Authors: Komatsu Y. , Galicia J. C. , Kobayashi T. , Yamazaki K. , Yoshie H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryGenetic variants at multiple loci have been shown to be associated with periodontitis risk. In this study, we have focused on nine functional gene polymorphisms encoding immunoregulation‐related molecules such as cytokines (interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)) and cell surface receptors (immunoglobulin G and A Fc receptors (FcγR and FcαR)). In total, 113 Japanese patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 108 race‐matched healthy controls were genotyped with the modified serial invasive signal amplification reaction. There was a significant difference in the distribution of IL‐1 receptor antagonist (RN) +2018 T/C allele between the patient and control groups, with enrichment of the +2018 C in controls (P = 0.021, odds ratio = 0.38). An increased frequency of the IL‐1 haplotype comprising IL‐1A +4845 G, IL‐1B –31 C, and IL‐1RN +2018 C was observed in controls (P = 0.004). Moreover, a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with IL‐1RN +2018 C allele were less likely to have CP (P = 0.016, odds ratio = 0.29). These findings document the association of IL‐1RN +2018 C with reduced susceptibility to CP in the Japanese.
The host range of some English isolates of beet yellowing viruses
Authors: RUSSELL G. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOf sixty herbaceous plant species, which were inoculated with beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), fourteen species were susceptible to isolates of BMYV collected from sugar beet in eastern England. Three of these, Beta vulgaris L., Claytonia perfoliata Donn. and Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Medic, had already been used as test plants for BMYV. The new hosts were six species in the genus Beta, Spinacea oleracea L., Senecio vulgaris L., Sinapis alba L., Spergula arvensis L. and Armaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. Stellaria media L. (Vill.) is also probably a host of BMYV but results of susceptibility tests were inconclusive. Senecio vulgaris produced well‐defined symptoms when infected with BMYV and was a useful additional test plant. Similar experiments on the host range of beet yellows virus (BYV) generally confirmed the results of previous work. It seems likely that in recent years weeds have been important primary foci of BMYV infection, but probably not of BYV infection, in Great Britain.The host range studies have indicated that BMYV may be related to at least one part of the American beet western yellows virus (BWYV) complex.
Bioassay and other laboratory methods for testing formulations of potato blight fungicides
Authors: McINTOSH A. H. , EVELING D. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThree laboratory methods are described for comparing formulations of potato blight fungicides; all use the upper surfaces of leaflets detached from glasshouse‐grown King Edward plants, and artificial rain in some form.Rain‐fastness (tenacity) was quickly estimated by measuring advancing acute contact angles of distilled water (representing rain) on dry spray deposits. Tenacity itself was measured by 'rain‐washing' deposits with 0·65 in. of tap water in 30 min. (light 'rain') or up to 2·5 in. in 40 mm. (heavy 'rain'). Contact angles and tenacities of copper oxychloride deposits were usually positively correlated. In bioassay tests, deposits were washed with 2·5 in. of heavy 'rain', inoculated with sporangia of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and later classed as infected or not infected; results were analysed by the probit method. With copper oxychloride and triphenyl tin (fentin) acetate, differences in effectiveness of 2·5 times or more were usually significant when fifty to sixty leaflets were used per formulation.
The incidence of Ganoderma disease of oil palms in Malaya and its relation to previous crop
Authors: TURNER P. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYResults of surveys on oil‐palm estates in Malaya have shown that the incidence of Ganoderma infection of oil palms is greatest: (1) on old trees over 25 years of age, and (2) on younger plantings on sites which had previously borne coconut palms. The incidence of disease in stands either newly cleared from jungle or formerly planted with rubber was not serious.On former coconut sites disease levels were variable and probably due to a soil factor. On these sites infection appeared typically at about the fifth or sixth year after planting, and in some instances disease levels approaching 50% were reached by the fifteenth year. Coconut tissues colonized by Ganoderma are considered to become infection foci for disease spread, principally by root contact with stumps left in the ground. From limited information, disease hazard also appears serious in replanting oil palms on old oil‐palm stands. The survey results are discussed in relation to potential losses and disease control. Complete removal and destruction of all coconut‐palm and oil‐palm tissues is suggested as the only method of disease control available at present.
A comparative study of the phytotoxic effects of siricid woodwasps on conifers
Authors: SPRADBERY J. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of siricid mucus and the symbiotic fungus injected artificially, or by oviposition of caged females on young conifer trees were investigated in a comparative study of the phytotoxicity caused by seven species of siricid woodwasps. Dilute solutions of mucus were bioassayed using detached shoots. Rapid physiological changes in the radial growth of the stem, quantity of starch in the leaves, leaf pressure and colour of the foliage of living trees were induced by only one species, Sirex noctilio. Solutions of S. noctilio and S. cyaneus mucus caused premature senescence of needles on detached shoots. The other species, Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, U. augur, U. sah and Xeris spectrum, produced no phytotoxic symptoms in living trees and less rapid senescence of needles on detached shoots. These differences are discussed in relation to the ecology of siricids in the northern hemisphere and the successful establishment of S. noctilio in pine plantations of Australasia.
Incidence and effects of Septoria nodorum on wheat cultivars
Authors: SCOTT P. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWheat cultivars were grown in two field trials in which half the plots were artificially inoculated with Septoria nodorum. There were differences between cultivars in the degree of 5. nodorum infection on flag leaves and on ears. Hybrid 46, Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon were among those with the least infection, and Maris Ranger and Maris Templar among those with the most. Severity of infection was positively correlated with both short stature and earliness of maturity. Infection on leaves was positively correlated with infection on ears. Inoculation reduced yield by decreasing two of its components, grain number per ear and 1000‐grain weight. A very early maturing cultivar, Sterling, sustained no yield loss despite severe infection; for the remaining cultivars, yield loss was positively correlated with degree of infection.
Some problems of evaluating fungicides for use on coffee in Kenya
Authors: VINE B. H. , VINE P. A. , GRIFFITHS ELLIS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAs part of a programme testing fungicides for control of coffee berry disease (CBD) promising materials were also tested in the field against leaf rust of coffee. In all, fourteen fungicides were tested, five of which have been recommended for control of CBD. Only Perenox (representative of 50% copper fungicides) and Du‐Ter (not highly effective against CBD and no longer recommended) gave good control of rust; Difolatan gave some control but Benlate and Daconil were virtually ineffective.Where only CBD is present there is generally a good relationship between disease control and yield, but in these experiments where leaf rust was also present, this relationship was seriously disturbed. The implications of this for testing fungicides for use on coffee in Kenya are discussed.
Field control of brown leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) of wheat with a triazole compound in north India
Authors: TYAGI P. D. , GROVER R. K. , AHUJA S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRH‐124 (4‐n‐butyl‐i,2,4‐triazole) when applied as one or two foliar applications (at the rate of i‐6 1 a.i./ha) or given by watering soil (at the rate of 0–8 1 a.i./ha) controlled brown leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) of wheat in microplot experiments. In north India where the rust appears 80–90 days before harvest, one foliar or soil application was sufficient to mitigate loss in yield. Seed treatment was not found useful when tested in one trial.
The effect of light and temperature late in the season on the growth of sugar beet
Authors: MILFORD G. F. J. , THORNE GILLIAN N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSugar‐beet plants were subjected to all combinations of two day temperatures (12‐5 and 18‐5 oC), two night temperatures (8‐o and 14‐0 oC) and two light intensities (275 and 550 J cm‐2 of visible radiation in a 12 h day) during the last month of their growth. Cold day or night temperatures resulted in the plants having slightly smaller leaf areas, final dry weights and amounts of sugar in their roots than plants grown in warm temperatures. Plants grown in the cold also contained less water, particularly those given cold nights, so that they had smaller fresh weights and a greater concentration of sugar in the fresh, but not in the dry roots, than plants grown in warm conditions. Halving the light intensity had little effect on leaf area but decreased the net assimilation rate. The final dry weight of the shoot was not affected by changing the light intensity, but the dry weights of the roots of plants grown in dim light were 20 % smaller than in plants grown in bright light and they contained correspondingly less sugar. There was no effect of varying the light intensity on the concentrations of sugar in the fresh or dry roots. There was no evidence that cold night temperatures, either alone or in conjunction with bright conditions during the day, induced the storage root to accumulate sugar faster relative to non‐sugar dry matter, i.e. to ‘ripen’.
The growth and development of the storage root of sugar beet
Authors: MILFORD G. F. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA study was made of the growth of the storage root of sugar beet as a sugar accumulating organ. The storage root grew by simultaneous cell multiplication and expansion from a series of peripheral secondary meristems laid down during the early stages of development. The weight of water and of non‐sugar dry matter per cell increased in proportion to the increase in cell volume. The amount of sugar per cell was proportional to cell volume only during the initial stage of cell expansion up to volumes of about 15 times 10‐8 cm3; thereafter it was less proportional. Thus, average cell size is a major determinant of the sugar concentration of the storage root. The implications of this are discussed.
Seasonal variations in the activity in soil of Phytophthora cactorum, P. syringae and P. citricola in relation to collar rot disease of apple
Authors: SEWELL G. W. F. , WILSON J. F. , DAKWA J. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Phytophthora species were isolated from infested orchard soils using apple fruit as bait at intervals during the periods July 1956 to August 1957, January 1957 to June 1958, and January 1969 to June 1970. When baited soils were kept out of doors P. cactorum and P. citricola were isolated only from April or May to October, when mean temperatures exceeded 8 and 10 °C respectively; P. syringae was isolated in all months except June, July and August.The results did not suggest that the incidence of these species was particularly associated with apple as a host plant, but the periods of activity of P. cactorum and P. syringae in soils coincided closely with the periods when apple trees were susceptible to infection by either pathogen. With collar rot disease caused by P. cactorum it was considered that, the time of commencement of activity of the pathogen in the soil, together with the availability of water, might be critical in determining the severity of disease outbreaks.
Field studies of potato leaf roll virus spread in south‐eastern Scotland, 1962–1969, in relation to aphid populations and other factors
Authors: HOWELL P. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBetween 1962 and 1967 spread of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and the pattern of potato crop infestation by common potato aphids was investigated at sites in the counties of East Lothian, West Lothian, Midlothian and Berwickshire. Within this area aphid activity and the extent of PLRV spread varied considerably both within years and between years. Macrosiphum euphorbiae activity as measured by the angle of colonization method was as well correlated with PLRV spread as that for Myzus persicae, and in certain years Aulacorthum solani and Aphis fabae may become common enough to have an effect. Spread was not well correlated with site altitude or with distance from the market garden area of Musselburgh, previously thought to be the main regional overwintering centre for aphids. Evidence is presented of the more general distribution of market gardening in the area which may account for these variations. Results from infector units of different sizes and bulk samples suggest, as do earlier findings, that in southern Scotland PLRV spread is mainly from sources within the crop. The practical implications for potato certification in the region are discussed.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Genes 1Bx13 and 1By16 from Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Pang Bin‐Shuang , Zhang Xue‐Yong 
Published: March 2008

Abstract The high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) pair 1Bx13 + 1By16
are recognized to positively correlate with bread‐making quality; however, their molecular data remain unknown. In order to reveal the mechanism by which 1By16 and 1Bx13 creates high quality, their open reading frames (ORFs) were amplified from common wheat Atlas66 and Jimai 20 using primers that were designed based on published sequences of HMW glutenin genes. The ORF of 1By16 was 2 220 bp, deduced into 738 amino acid residues with seven cysteines including 59 hexapeptides and 22 nanopeptides motifs. The ORF of 1Bx13 was 2 385 bp, deduced into 795 amino acid residues with four cysteines including 68 hexapeptides, 25 nanopeptides and six tripeptides motifs. We found that 1By16 was the largest y‐type HMW glutenin gene described to date in common wheat. The 1By16 had 36 amino acid residues inserted in the central repetitive domain compared with 1By15. Expression in bacteria and western‐blot tests confirmed that the sequence cloned was the ORF of HMW‐GS 1By16, and that 1Bx13 was one of the largest 1Bx genes that have been described so far in common wheat, exhibiting a hexapeptide (PGQGQQ) insertion in the end of central repetitive domain compared with 1Bx7. A phylogenetic tree based on the deduced full‐length amino acid sequence alignment of the published HMW‐GS genes showed that the 1By16 was clustered with Glu‐1B‐2, and that the 1Bx13 was clustered with Glu‐1B‐1 alleles.