bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information processing of food cues in overweight and normal weight adolescents
Authors: Soetens Barbara , Braet Caroline 
Published: April 2007

Objectives. Based on cognitive theory (CT), the aim of this study is to investigate the cognitive processing of food cues in clinically overweight adolescents.Design. An experimental design with performance‐based measures.Methods. Eighty‐seven (45 overweight, 42 normal weight) adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years were examined. All completed an imbedded word task (IWT), containing high caloric food words and matched control words, as a measure of attention interference. A free‐recall task was used to detect explicit memory biases. To study the effects of cognitive avoidance, participants were instructed to suppress thoughts about food or merely to monitor them, prior to completing the IWT and memory task.Results. No evidence was found for interference in the attention processing of food cues. Also, no effects of thought suppression were found. However, consistent with hypotheses, the overweight adolescents did show an explicit memory bias for food stimuli, not due to a more general negative evaluation of food words.Conclusion. The results provide at least partial support for the applicability of CT to adolescent obesity. The study was the first to reveal a memory bias for high caloric food cues in overweight youngsters, which may well reflect a later‐stage activation of food‐related schemata. These may play a role in food‐related preoccupations and overeating. The existence of an early‐stage attention bias is less clear and requires further investigation.
Using the demand–control model of job strain to predict caregiver burden and caregiver satisfaction in the informal caregivers of heart failure patients
Authors: Molloy Gerard J. , Johnston Derek W. , Johnston Marie , Gao Chuan , Witham Miles D. , Struthers Allan D. , McMurdo Marion E. T. 
Published: April 2007

Objectives The demand–control (D–C) model of job strain has generated a considerable body of empirical support in predicting psychological health outcomes in the context of work. This study aimed to extend previous work using the D–C model of job strain to predict caregiver burden and satisfaction in the informal caregivers of patients with heart failure.Design and method Data were gathered from 60 caregiver/patient dyads in a cross‐sectional design. Patients with chronic stable heart failure were recruited from out‐patient clinics. The dependent variables were caregiver burden and satisfaction. Demand and control were measured using both patient‐ and caregiver‐derived measures.Results The D–C model accounted for 15 and 19% of the variance in caregiver burden, after controlling for age, gender and relationship to the patient. Lower control was associated with higher burden. The D–C model did not predict caregiver satisfaction.Conclusion The D–C model was associated with caregiver burden, but not satisfaction in caregivers, with control being the dominant predictor. Research linking the theory and findings from job strain and informal caregiving studies may elucidate both fields of research.Using the demand–control model of job strain to predict caregiver burden and caregiver satisfaction in the informal caregivers of heart failure patients.
The Synthesis of Rhythms: Form, Ideology, and the “Augurs of Spring”
Authors: CODE DAVID J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT
At the time of the premiere of The Rite of Spring, Stravinsky suggestively described its first dance, “Augurs of Spring,” as a “synthesis of rhythms.” Later, he characterized the whole ballet as an “architectonic” work. Richard Taruskin, in arguing for the ballet's overall aesthetic of “primitive simplicity,” polemically rejects this latter adjective as a typical formalist lie. But detailed analysis demonstrates the architectonic intricacy of the rhythmic synthesis in “Augurs” alone. Not only are the composer's labors toward such local intricacy clearly evident in the sketches, but a dialectical account of formalism and immediacy in this one dance confirms both the documented “neonationalist” background and initial reception, while pointing to a finer understanding of this ballet's position in the stylistic development of Stravinsky's Russian period.
The Place of Musica in Medieval Classifications of Knowledge
Authors: DYER JOSEPH 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT
Medieval classifications of knowledge (divisiones scientiarum) were created to impose order on the ever-expanding breadth of human knowledge and to demonstrate the interconnectedness of its several parts. In the earlier Middle Ages the trivium and the quadrivium had sufficed to circumscribe the bounds of secular learning, but the eventual availability of the entire Aristotelian corpus stimulated a reevaluation of the scope of human knowledge. Classifications emanating from the School of Chartres (the Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor and the anonymous Tractatus quidam) did not venture far beyond Boethius, Cassiodorus, and Isidore of Seville. Dominic Gundissalinus (fl. 1144–64), a Spaniard who based parts of his elaborate analysis of music on Al-Fārābī, attempted to balance theory and practice, in contradistinction to the earlier mathematical emphasis. Aristotle had rejected musica mundana, and his natural science left little room for a musica humana based on numerical proportion. Consequently, both had to be reinterpreted.
Robert Kilwardby's De ortu scientiarum (ca. 1250) sought to integrate the traditional Boethian treatment of musica with an Aristotelian perspective. Responding to the empirical emphasis of Aristotle's philosophy, Kilwardby focused on music as audible phenomenon as opposed to Platonic “sounding number.” Medieval philosophers were reluctant to assign (audible) music to natural science or to place it among the scientie mechanice. One solution argued that music, though a separate subiectum suitable for philosophical investigation, was subalternated to arithmetic. Although drawing its explanations from that discipline, it nevertheless had its own set of “rules” governing its proper activity.
Thomas Aquinas proposed to resolve the conflict between the physicality of musical sound and abstract mathematics through the theory of scientie medie. These stood halfway between speculative and natural science, taking their material objects from physical phenomena but their formal object from mathematics. Still, Thomas defended the superiority of the speculative tradition by asserting that scientie medie “have a closer affinity to mathematics” (magis sunt affines mathematicis) than to natural science.
Effect of temperature and salinity on the wastewater treatment performance of aerobic submerged fixed bed biofilm reactors
Authors: Chapanova G. , Jank M. , Schlegel S. , Koeser H. 
Published: April 2007

The influence of temperature (5–35 °C) and salinity (up to 20 g/l NaCl) on the wastewater purification process in completely mixed and aerated submerged fixed bed biofilm reactors (SFBBRs) was studied. C- and N-conversion in SFBBRs designed according to the DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste) rules for carbon removal was investigated for several months on synthetic wastewater.
The DOC degradation rate was even at, according to the DWA, high DOC/BOD loading rates not much affected by temperatures between 5–35 °C and salt contents up to 20 g/L NaCl. At these high DOC loadings an appreciable ammonium conversion could also be observed. The ammonium conversion proved to be sensitive to temperature and salinity. At 5 °C the ammonium removal rate decreased by a factor of five compared to 25–35 °C. Under many operation conditions investigated more than 50% of the converted ammonium was transformed into gaseous nitrogen. The addition of 20 g/L NaCl caused a strong inhibition of the ammonium removal rate over the whole temperature range investigated.
Carbon Electrodes Modified with TiO2/Metal Nanoparticles and Their Application for the Detection of Trinitrotoluene
Authors: Filanovsky B. , Markovsky B. , Bourenko T. , Perkas N. , Persky R. , Gedanken A. , Aurbach D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe preparation of modified, catalytically active, functional carbon electrodes and their application to the electrochemical reduction of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is reported. Modification of the electrodes is performed with composites of nanometer‐sized, mesoporous titanium dioxide, which acts as a support containing inserted/deposited nanoparticles of ruthenium, platinum, or gold. These composites are prepared by a novel sonochemical synthesis using simple and low‐cost precursors. Cyclic voltammetry shows that 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene can be reduced on thus‐modified carbon‐paper electrodes at potentials of around –0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl–) in aqueous solutions. Unexpectedly, carbon‐paper electrodes modified with the TiO2/nano‐Pt composites demonstrate a remarkable electrochemical activity toward the reduction of trinitrotoluene. A significant finding is that the two electrode processes—the reduction of TNT and of oxygen—are quite well separated in potential on the modified carbon‐paper electrodes because of selective electrochemical activity of the TiO2/nano‐Pt and TiO2/nano‐Au composites. TiO2/nano‐Ru composites are found to be much less electrochemically active for the detection of TNT compared to the previous two. It was also established that the titanium dioxide support of TiO2/nano‐Pt composites plays a specific role for facilitating the TNT‐ and oxygen‐reduction processes.
Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Fibers for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Berson S. , De Bettignies R. , Bailly S. , Guillerez S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new method for the preparation of active layers of polymeric solar cells without the need for thermal post‐treatment to obtain optimal performance is presented. Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers are obtained in highly concentrated solutions, which enables the fabrication of nanostructured films on various substrates. Here, the preparation of these fibers along with their characterization in solution and in the solid state is detailed. By mixing these nanofibers with a molecular acceptor such as [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in solution, it is possible to obtain in a simple process a highly efficient active layer for organic solar cells with a demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 3.6 %. The compatibility of the room‐temperature process developed herein with commonly used plastic substrates may lead to applications such as the development of large‐area flexible solar cells.
Mortality among employees of an ontario factory manufacturing insulation materials from amosite asbestos
Authors: Finkelstein Murray M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe mortality of workers from an Ontario factory manufacturing amosite asbestos insulation materials under poorly controlled environmental conditions is reported here. Seven (58%) of 12 deaths among exposed workers 10 or more years after first exposure were due to malignancies; four (25%) were from lung cancer, and there were two deaths from peritoneal mesothelioma. Those dying from mesothelioma were 47 and 49 years of age. Three (25%) of 12 deaths were from respiratory disease, two were attributed to asbestosis (in men 42 and 53 years of ages), and one to pneumonia in a 54‐year‐old male.
Occupational injury and illness in the semiconductor manufacturing industry
Authors: McCurdy Stephen A. , Schenker Marc B. , Lassiter Donald V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo thousand nine hundred and ninety‐four reports of OSHA‐reportable occupational injury or illness cases in 1984 from member companies of a national trade association of semiconductor manufacturing firms were analyzed. The 37 participating manufacturing facilities represented 16 companies employing over 95,000 persons, or approximately one‐third of the U.S. work force for this industry in 1984. The annual incidence rate for all reportable injuries and illnesses was 2.7 per 100 full‐time employees (FTE) for men and 3.7 per 100 FTE for women. Strains, sprains, or dislocations were the most frequently reported incidents (N = 956 [31.9%]), followed by cuts, lacerations, punctures, scratches, and abrasions (N = 445 [14.9%]), and chemical burns (N = 401 [13.4%]). Increased work‐loss days per case were associated with manufacturing sites that did not have an employee health clinic on the premises, with custodial occupations, and with female gender.
Asbestos‐related chest X‐ray changes among greek merchant marine seamen
Authors: Velonakis Emmanuel G. , Tsorva Athina , Tzonou Anastasia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOne hundred forty‐one retired Greek mariners were examined radiologically for asbestos‐related lung disease. Thirty‐eight (27%) had small opacities classified as ILO category 1/0 or more; 37 (26%) had radiologic evidence of pleural lesions; 17 (12%) had both parenchymal and pleural lesions; and a total of 58 (41%) had one or more radiologic findings of asbestos‐related lung disease.In discriminant analysis, duration of maritime employment was predictive of pleural lesions, but the association was not statistically significant (one‐tail, p = 0.16). The prevalence of pleural lesions was also higher among sailors than among officers, and this association was statistically significant (one‐tail, p = 0.05). In this group, none of the occupational variables studied (age, duration of maritime employment, and rank) was related to lung fibrosis.After controlling by multiple regression for mutual confounding effects, suggestive negative associations for the presence of pleural lesions were found with FVC (one‐tail, p = 0.13) as well as with FEF25% (one‐tail, p = 0.09) and FEF50% (one‐tail, p = 0.07). By contrast, no association was found between pulmonary fibrosis and any of the respiratory volumes.The results of this study suggest that mariners may present evidence of asbestos‐related disease after many years from onset of exposure on ships.
Occupational mercury exposure and male reproductive health
Authors: Alcser Kirsten H. , Brix Kelley A. , Fine Lawrence J. , Kallenbach Lee R. , Wolfe Robert A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the relationship of male occupational exposure to elemental mercury and several reproductive outcomes. All subjects worked at least 4 months between 1953 and 1966 at a plant that used elemental mercury; 247 white male employees who had the highest exposures were compared to 255 matched nonexposed employees. Individual exposure to mercury was estimated from urinary mercury measurement records.Information on reproductive history and potential confounding variables was obtained through personal interview with each of the employees and with a subset of their wives. No associations were demonstrated between mercury exposure and decreased fertility or increased rates of major malformations or serious childhood illnesses. After controlling for previous miscarriage history, mercury exposure was not a significant risk factor for miscarriage. Because of this study's potential problems with long‐term recall, further studies of the effect of mercury on pregnancy outcome are warranted in other populations.
Minnesota highway maintenance worker cohort mortality study: Methods and noncancer mortality
Authors: Parker David L. , Bender Alan P. , Johnson Rebecca A. , Scharber Wendy K. , Williams Allan N. , Marbury Marian C. , Mandel Jack S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn 1984, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) began a cohort mortality study of 4,849 workers to follow up concerns with the health and safety of highway maintenance workers (HMWs). A total of 1,530 deaths had occurred, resulting in a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 91 (p < 0.01) and an all cancer SMR of 84 (p < 0.01). There was a significant elevation in the SMR for chronic renal failure among long‐term rural workers (SMR = 676, p < 0.05). The SMR was also elevated for transportation injuries. The latter SMR was highest among short‐term urban workers (SMR = 280, p < 0.01). In addition, the SMR for transportation‐related injury deaths tended to increase the later the decade of starting work. The SMRs were 137, 259, 502, and 2,145 for urban workers starting work in the decades 1945–1954, 1955–1964, 1965–1974, and 1975–1984, respectively. This study demonstrates the possible adverse health effects of highway maintenance work and the need to comprehensively evaluate injury mortality among selected occupational cohorts.
Computerized tomographic identification of visceral pleural changes other than in interlobar lung fissures
Authors: Solomon Albert 
Published: April 2007

AbstractComputer window adjustments are possible when viewing the pictures obtained on computerized tomography (CT). A mediastinal window setting is used for pleural viewing (soft tissue), whereas a double‐window adjustment allows pleura and lung substance to be viewed concomitantly. The lung can also be viewed on its own by using a corresponding window setting. Relevant cases with pleural changes were investigated by CT. With the window adjustments, it was possible to demonstrate pleural extrusions (tags) penetrating the lung substance and retracting the thickened or calcified overlying pleural areas. The areas of pleural retraction are identified as the pleura covering and encasing the lung itself, i.e., the visceral pleura.
Study of lung cancer histologic types, occupation, and smoking in missouri
Authors: Zahm Shelia Hoar , Brownson Ross C. , Chang Jian C. , Davis James R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of lung cancer was conducted to evaluate the relationship between lung cancer histologic types and occupation, adjusted for smoking. A total of 4,431 white male cases and 11,326 cancer controls, diagnosed between 1980 and 1985, were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry. For all histologic types combined, excess risk was observed among many a priori suspected high‐risk occupations. Lung cancer was elevated among men employed as insulators (odds ratio [OR] = 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7, 137.8), carpenters (OR = 1.3; 95% CI= 1.0,1.7), painters, plasterers, and wallpaper hangers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI=1.2,3.3), structural metal workers (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 0.6,6.0), mechanics and repairers (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0,1.7), motor vehicle drivers (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2,1.8), police and firefighters (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1,2.3), and food service personnel (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0,3.5). A deficit of lung cancer was observed among farmers (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.7,1.0). Adenocarcinoma of the lung was elevated among carpenters (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0,2.5) and cabinet and furniture makers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 0.4,8.1), which is interesting because of the previous reports of excess adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity associated with wood dust exposure. Adenocarcinomas were also elevated among plumbers (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0,3.8) and printers (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.7,4.2). Electricians were at slightly increased risk for adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.7,2.8) and “other” or mixed cell types of lung cancer (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8,2.9) but at decreased risk for small cell (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.3,2.0) and squamous cell (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.4,1.6) tumors. Among welders, adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.7,3.8) and squamous cell (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.9,3.3) cancers were elevated, but small cell and “other” lung cancers were not. Despite the limitations of the Cancer Registry data, some interesting associations were observed that merit further study, particularly the association between lung adenocarcinoma and occupational exposure to wood and wood dust.
Dermatoses among poultry slaughterhouse workers
Authors: Hayashi Masato , Saitoh Megumi , Fujii Nobuo , Suzuki Yasuo , Nishiyama Keitaro , Asano Seiichiro , Hayashi Hisashi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA survey on the incidence of occupational dermatoses among poultry slaughterhouse workers, who, in order to do their work more efficiently, protected their hands only with cotton gloves, revealed that many workers had dermatoses of the hands.Their symptoms included maceration, erosio interdigitalis, paronychia, trichophytia unguium, and eczema, presumably caused by the constant wetness of their hands during work. Candida albicans was detected in the ungual lesions of some patients.A second survey including a skin examination was performed at a plant where preventive measures such as better working gloves and improved sanitary conditions had been implemented because of the high incidence of skin disorders. The results of this survey showed marked improvement in the reduction of the incidence of dermatoses.
Silica exposure and silicosis among ontario hardrock miners: I. Methodology
Authors: Muir D. C. F. , Shannon H. S. , Julian J. A. , Verma D. K. , Sebestyen A. , Bernholz C. D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn epidemiological investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between silicosis in hardrock miners in Ontario and cumulative exposure to silica (crystalline silica–‐α quartz) dust. This first report describes the cohort, the method of classifying the radiographs, and the identification of a case of silicosis.
Prevalence of hazardous exposures in veterinary practice
Authors: Wiggins Patricia , Schenker Marc B. , Green Rochelle , Samuels Steven 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAll female graduates of a major U.S. veterinary school were surveyed by mailed questionnaire to obtain details of work practice and hazard exposure during the most recent year worked and during all pregnancies. Exposure questions were based on previously implicated occupational hazards which included anesthetic gases, radiation, zoonoses, prostaglandins, vaccines, physical trauma, and pesticides. The response rate was 86% (462/537). We found that practice type and pregnancy status were major determinants of hazard exposure within the veterinary profession. Small‐animal practitioners reported the highest rates of exposure to anesthetic gas (94%), X‐ray (90%), and pesticides (57%). Large‐animal practitioners reported greater rates of trauma (64%) and potential exposure to prostaglandins (92%), Brucella abortus vaccine (23%), and carbon monoxide (18%). Potentially hazardous workplace practices or equipment were common. Forty‐one percent of respondents who reported taking X‐rays did not wear film badges, and 76% reported physically restraining animals for X‐ray procedures. Twentyseven percent of the respondents exposed to anesthetic gases worked at facilities which did not have waste anesthetic gas scavenging systems. Women who worked as veterinarians during a pregnancy attempted to reduce exposures to X‐rays, insecticides, and other potentially hazardous exposures. Some potentially hazardous workplace exposures are common in veterinary practice, and measures to educate workers and to reduce these exposures should not await demonstration of adverse health effects.
Return to work following back surgery: A review
Authors: Taylor Marvin E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNineteen articles published between 1980 and 1986 were reviewed to determine the prognosis for returning to previous employment following back surgery. Seventy‐seven percent of the cases reviewed returned to their previous level of employment. Nearly 11% of cases had additional back surgery during the period of follow‐up. Data from three articles suggest that 82% of patients are able to return to their previous level of employment following primary back surgery compared to 59% of patients who have had multiple back surgeries. Recommendations for work activity following back surgery should be individualized for each patient. A work‐hardening program including assessment of cardiovascular fitness and task performance can be used to progressively increase activity to the highest achievable level. Prevention of back injuries in the workplace will increase employee morale and reduce employee turnover and workers' compensation costs.