bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity plots of the parhelia
Authors: White R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA simple model is used to give a closed expression for the distribution of intensity in the parhelia, in terms of elementary functions of position on the celestial sphere. Some numerical values are given in the form of intensity contour maps. the frequently observed appearance of the parhelia ‘on the slant’ for large elevations is explained. Brief remarks are made on the under‐parhelia and the arcs of Lowitz.
Investigation into the factors affecting accuracy of mass measurements on a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer using Design of Experiment
Authors: Laures Alice M.‐F. , Wolff Jean‐Claude , Eckers Christine , Borman Phil J. , Chatfield Marion J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of an investigation of the parameters which have the most significant effect on the accuracy of mass measurements on a quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (q‐oaToF) are reported. The influence of eight factors is investigated: ion abundances of reference and analyte compounds, mass difference between analyte and reference compounds, quality of calibration, number of reference acquisitions averaged and TDC (time‐to‐digital converter) settings (resolution, Np multiplier (number of pushes correction factor), minimum number of points, i.e. minimum acquisition width which defines a peak). To extract the maximum information from as few experiments as possible, a Design of Experiment approach was used. The data will be used as a basis for developing guidance on accurate mass measurement on q‐oaToF instruments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Point source effects on density, biomass and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a Mediterranean stream
Authors: Ortiz J. D. , Puig M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe sampled benthic macroinvertebrates above and below a point source effluent in La Tordera stream (NE, Spain) over 2001–2002 to assess the effects of nutrient enrichment on the structure, and taxonomic composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Below the point source, discharge, specific conductance and nutrient concentrations were higher than at the upstream reach, while dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased. Macroinvertebrate density was higher at the downstream reach than at the upstream reach on most dates but the two reaches did not differ in macroinvertebrate biomass.On average, taxa richness at the upstream reach was 20% higher than at the downstream reach. Several taxa, especially mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies, were present only at the upstream reach. Shannon diversity was similar between the two reaches on 50% of the dates. Ordination analysis clearly separated the samples of the upstream reach from the samples of the downstream reach in the first axis and corroborated the effect of the point source on the benthic community. The two reaches followed a similar temporal pattern with respect to the distribution of taxa along the second axis of the ordination analysis. Higher similarities between the two reaches in taxa composition, densities and biomass after the spates of April and May 2002, suggest that flooding events may act as a reset mechanism for benthic communities and play an important role in stream restoration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating a survival curve with unlinked entry and failure times
Authors: Wu Yujun , Shih Weichung J. , Moore Dirk F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn monitoring a clinical trial or other observational study with a survival endpoint, sometimes the numbers of patients entering and dying at each time point are presented, but the connections between them are kept confidential. Hence, the exact time to failure or censoring for each individual is missing. We refer to such a study monitoring table with missing pairing information between the entry and death times as a ‘broken’ survival data set. In this paper we study the problem of estimating the survival distribution from a broken survival data set. We have developed two methods, likelihood‐based estimation and self‐consistency estimation, to estimate the survival curve parametrically and empirically, respectively. We use simulations to study the properties of these methods, and illustrate them with data from the STELLAR‐3 trial. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managerial ownership and corporate diversification: a longitudinal view
Authors: Goranova Maria , Alessandri Todd M. , Brandes Pamela , Dharwadkar Ravi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStrategy and finance research suggests that managerial ownership results in increased incentive alignment and therefore is negatively related to corporate diversification. Using a longitudinal approach, we develop arguments to examine whether managerial ownership is associated with subsequent changes in diversification and/or if diversification is associated with subsequent changes in ownership. The results indicate that levels of managerial ownership in one time period are not associated with subsequent changes in corporate diversification, which raises incentive alignment questions. We also find that higher levels of corporate diversification are associated with changes in managerial ownership, which suggests support for the employment risk‐reduction perspective. This study provides important reasons to reassess the longitudinal implications of the managerial ownership‐corporate diversification link from both theoretical and managerial perspectives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Interesterification of Palmitic Acid‐rich Triacylglycerol on Postprandial Lipid and Factor VII Response
Authors: Berry Sarah E. E. , Woodward Rebecca , Yeoh Christabelle , Miller George J. , Sanders Thomas A. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe process of interesterification results in changes in triacylglycerol (TAG) structure and is used to increase the melting point of dietary fats. The acute health effects of this process on palmitic acid‐rich fats are uncertain with regard to postprandial lipemia, insulin and factor VII activated (FVIIa) concentrations. Two randomized crossover trials in healthy male subjects compared the effects of meals containing 50 g fat [interesterified palm oil (IPO) versus native palm oil (NPO); n = 20, and IPO versus high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOS); n = 18], on postprandial changes in lipids, glucose, insulin, chylomicron composition and FVIIa. Compared with NPO, IPO decreased postprandial TAG and insulin concentrations. Both NPO and IPO increased FVIIa concentrations postprandially; mean increases at 6 h were 21 and 19%, respectively. Compared with HOS, IPO decreased postprandial TAG (47% lower incremental area under the curve) and reduced the postprandial increase in FVIIa concentration by 64% at 6 h; no significant differences in hepatic and total lipase activities or insulin concentrations were noted. All three test meals increased postprandial leukocyte counts (average 26% at 6 h). The fatty acid composition of the chylomicron TAG was similar to the test fats following all test meals. It is concluded that interesterification of palm oil does not result in adverse changes in postprandial lipids, insulin or FVIIa compared to high oleate and native palm oils.
Is the sperm centrosome to blame for the complex polyploid chromosome patterns observed in cleavage stage embryos from an OAT patient?
Authors: Chatzimeletiou K. , Rutherford A. J. , Griffin D. K. , Handyside A. H. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYOligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is defined by a combined low count < 20 × 106 sperm/ml, poor motility < 50 % forward progression or < 25 % rapid linear progression and abnormal morphology (5–8 % normal using Kruger strict criteria) and has been associated with increased levels of sperm aneuploidy. Here we report on the cytogenetic findings from three ‘spare’ embryos from a couple that were referred for ICSI because of OAT. The embryos were processed for sequential FISH in three hybridization rounds using probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 13, 17, 18, 21, X and Y. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of nine chromosomes revealed that all three embryos were female polyploid. One of them was uniformly tetraploid for all chromosomes tested, while the remaining two embryos showed evidence of abnormal postzygotic segregation of chromosomes, causing the derivative blastomeres to have uneven chromosomal constitution. In one of them in particular, the non-disjoining chromosomes showed preferential segregation to the same pole, rather than randomly moving towards either pole, suggesting an abnormal spindle and causing the derivative blastomeres to have significantly uneven chromosomal constitutions. The possible scenarios leading to polyploidy and chromosomal imbalance through cytokinetic failure and subsequent abnormal centrosomal distribution are outlined.
Trends in overweight by socio-economic status in Vietnam: 1992 to 2002
Authors: Nguyen Minh Duc , Beresford Shirley AA , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo explore socio-economic factors associated with rising rates of overweight among Vietnamese adults.DesignThe study was based on three national surveys of socio-economic factors and health conducted over a 10-year period. The studies were: the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1992–1993 (11 982 participants); the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1997–1998 (15 975 participants); and the Vietnamese National Health Survey 2001–2002 (94 656 participants).SubjectsMale and female adults >18 years old were stratified by gender, age group, area of residence, occupation, education and relative food expenditures. Overweight was defined using body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg m− 2.ResultsOverweight rates in Vietnam more than doubled between 1992 and 2002 (from 2.0 to 5.7%). Significant increases were observed for men and women, in urban and rural areas, and for all age groups. In univariate analyses, both age and higher socio-economic status were associated with higher rates of overweight. Using the most recent survey, urban populations were more likely to be overweight than rural ones (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79), white-collar workers were more likely to be overweight than manual labourers (OR = 1.95) and persons in the top level of food expenditures were more likely to be overweight than persons in the bottom level (OR = 4.96) after adjustment for other factors. Education was inversely associated with overweight after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionEconomic growth and improved standard of living are associated with higher rates of overweight in nations in early stages of economic development. In Vietnam, higher rates of overweight were observed among the higher income and occupation groups.
Matrix adherence of endothelial cells attenuates immune reactivity: induction of hyporesponsiveness in allo‐ and xenogeneic models
Authors: Methe Heiko , Groothuis Adam , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTEndothelial integrity regulates vascular tone, luminal patency, and the immune reactivity to tissue grafts. Endothelial dysfunction is the first marker and site of disease initiation and severity. It has long been known that endothelial biochemical function is density dependent, and we have recently shown that endothelial immunobiology is anchorage dependent. Matrix‐embedded endothelial cells (EC) establish a controlled anchorage state and are not only immune protected but also induce a system immune protective state. We now define this aspect of vascular and immune biology in detail. The in vitro immune response of allogeneic splenocytes (proliferation, lytic activity, and cytokine expression) on exposure to aortic EC was significantly reduced if EC were embedded within three‐dimensional collagen matrices (3D‐EC;P< 0.005) to an even greater extent than EC that had reached confluence as monolayers on tissue culture plates (EC‐TCPS). Splenocyte reactivity was enhanced with repeated exposure to EC‐TCPS but minimally if preexposed to 3D‐EC (P<0.002). 3D‐EC induced significantly greater differentiation of splenocytes into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells than EC‐TCPS (P< 0.02). The reduced response to 3D‐EC and potential protective effect to subsequent exposure were confirmed in vivo. Repeated exposure of immune‐competent mice to injections of xenogeneic EC‐TCPS induced vigorous host immunity. In contrast, prior implantation of 3D‐EC induced hyporesponsiveness toward subsequent injection of EC‐TCPS with reduced humoral response, decreased lytic activity, and lower frequency of effector splenocytes (P< 0.001). EC interaction with its matrix determines phenotype, viability, and biosecretory potential. We now show that this microenvironmental interaction also influences endothelial‐mediated activation of allo‐ and xenogeneic immune cells. 3D matrix‐embedding limits the ability of EC to initiate adaptive immunity, and initial exposure to 3D‐EC confers hyporesponsiveness to subsequent exposure to immunogeneic EC. These effects transcended the traditional control that confluence imposes on EC and reflects perhaps even higher order control. Our findings might offer novel insights to endothelialmediated diseases and potential cell‐based therapies.—Methe, H., Groothuis, A., Sayegh, M. H., Edelman, E. R. Matrix adherence of endothelial cells attenuates immune reactivity: induction of hyporesponsiveness in allo‐ and xenogeneic models. FASEB J. 21, 1515–1526 (2007)
Biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6‐pentakisphosphate, a novel inositol polyphosphate surrogate, modulates Ca2+ responses in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Vandeput Fabrice , Combettes Laurent , Mills Stephen J. , Backers Katrien , Wohlkönig Alexandre , Parys Jan B. , De Smedt Humbert , Missiaen Ludwig , Dupont Geneviève , Potter Barry V. L. , Erneux Christophe 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTBenzene polyphosphates containing phosphate groups on one ring are Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase inhibitors when evaluated against type‐I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase. A novel biphenyl derivative, biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6‐pentakisphosphate, with five phosphate groups on two rings was synthesized: It inhibited the activity of two inositol 5‐phosphatases: type I and SHIP2 with Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 as substrate. The inhibition was competitive with respect to the substrate. IC50 value measured in rat hepatocytes, which contains the native Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase, was in the micromolar range at 1.0 μM Ins(1,4,5)P3 as substrate. Biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6‐pentakisphosphate did not affect the activity of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase A in the 5‐100 μM range. Surprisingly, experimental evidence supports an effect of biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6‐pentakisphosphate at the level of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor. Finally, when injected into rat hepatocytes, the analog affected the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in a positive or negative way depending on its concentration. At very high concentrations of the analog, Ca2+ oscillations were even suppressed. These data were interpreted as a dual effect of the biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6‐pentakisphosphate on cytosolic [Ca2+] increases: an activation effect through an increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 level via Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase inhibition and an inhibitory effect, which was exerted directly on the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor. Thus, our data show for the first time that the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in response to a Ca2+‐mobilizing agonist can be controlled by inhibitors of type‐I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase.—Vandeput, F., Combettes, L., Mills, S. J., Backers, K., Wohlkönig, A., Parys, J. B., De Smedt, H., Missiaen, L., Dupont, G., Potter, B. V. L., Erneux, C. Biphenyl 2,3′,4,5′,6‐pentakisphosphate, a novel inositol polyphosphate surrogate, modulates Ca2+ responses in rat hepatocytes. FASEB J. 21, 1481–1491 (2007)
Prediction of in vitro response to interferon‐α in renal cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Shimazui Toru , Ami Yoshihiro , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Uchida Kazuhiko , Kojima Takahiro , Oikawa Takehiro , Nakamura Kogenta , Honda Nobuaki , Hinotsu Shiro , Miyazaki Jun , Kunita Noriko , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: February 2007

We analyzed the correlation between interferon‐α (IFNα) response and gene expression profiles to predict IFNα sensitivity and identified key molecules regulating the IFNα response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. To classify eight RCC cell lines of the SKRC series into three subgroups according to IFNα sensitivity, that is, sensitive, resistant and intermediate group, responses to IFNα (300–3000 IU/mL) were quantified by WST‐1 assay. Microarray, followed by supervised hierarchical clustering analysis, was applied to selected genes according to IFNα sensitivity. In order to find alteration of expression profiles induced by IFNα, sequential microarray analyses were performed at 3, 6, and 12 h after IFNα treatment of RCC cell lines and mRNA expression level was confirmed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. According to the sequential microarray analysis between IFNα‐sensitive and ‐resistant line, seven genes were selected as candidates for IFNα‐sensitivity‐related genes in RCC cell lines. Among these seven genes, we further developed a model to predict tumor inhibition with four genes, that is, adipose differentiation‐related protein, microphthalmia associated transcription factor, mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1, and troponin T1 using multiple linear regression analysis (coefficient = 0.948, P = 0.0291) and validated the model using other RCC cell lines including six primary cultured RCC cells. The expression levels of the combined selected genes may provide predictive information on the IFNα response in RCC. Furthermore, the IFNα response to RCC might be modulated by regulation of the expression level of these molecules. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 529–534)
Does the differential seedling mortality caused by slugs alter the foliar traits and subsequent susceptibility of hybrid willows to a generalist herbivore?
Authors: ALBRECTSEN BENEDICTE R. , GUTIERREZ LAURA , FRITZ ROBERT S. , FRITZ ROBERT D. , ORIANS COLIN M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract1. Many Salicaceae species naturally form hybrid swarms with parental and hybrid taxa that differ in secondary chemical profile and in resistance to herbivores. Theoretically, the differential mortality in the seedling stage can lead to changes in trait expression and alter subsequent interactions between plants and herbivores. This study examines whether herbivory by the generalist slugArion subfuscus, which causes extensive mortality in young willow seedlings, causes shifts in (a) the foliar chemistry of F2 willow hybrids (Salix sericeaandSalix eriocephala), and (b) the subsequent susceptibility to Japanese Beetles,Popillia japonica.2. In 2001, two populations of F2 seedlings were generated: those that survived slug herbivory (80–90% of seedlings placed in the field were killed by the slugs) were designated as S‐plants, whereas C‐plants (controls) experienced no mortality.3. Common garden experiments with cuttings from these populations, in 2001 and 2002, revealed extensive variation in the phenolic chemistry of F2 hybrids, but revealed no significant difference between S‐ and C‐plants, although the levels of foliar nutrients, proteins and nitrogen tended to be higher in S‐plants.4. Concentrations of salicortin and 2′‐cinnamoylsalicortin explained 55 and 38% of the the variation in leaf damage caused by Japanese beetles, and secondary chemistry was highly correlated within replicate clones (salicortinR2= 0.85, 2‐cinnamoylsalicortinR2= 0.77, condensed tanninsR2= 0.68).5. Interestingly, Japanese beetle damage and condensed tannins were positively correlated within the S‐plants, but not in the C‐plants, suggesting that slugs had selected for plants with a positive relationship between tannins andP. japonicadamage. This is unlikely to be a consequence of a preference for tannins, but is suggested to be related to the elevated nutrient levels in the S‐plants, perhaps in combination with the complex‐binding properties of tannins.6. The damage was highly correlated within replicate clones and a model choice analysis suggested that Japanese beetle damage may be explained by four factors: concentrations of salicortin, condensed tannins, and nitrogen, as well as the specific leaf area (thick leaves were damaged less).
The extended Moran effect and large‐scale synchronous fluctuations in the size of great tit and blue tit populations
Authors: SÆTHER BERNT‐ERIK , ENGEN STEINAR , GRØTAN VIDAR , FIEDLER WOLFGANG , MATTHYSEN ERIK , VISSER MARCEL E. , WRIGHT JONATHAN , MØLLER ANDERS PAPE , ADRIAENSEN FRANK , VAN BALEN HANS , BALMER DAWN , MAINWARING MARK C. , MCCLEERY ROBIN H. , PAMPUS MIRIAM , WINKEL WOLFGANG 
Published: February 2007

Summary

Synchronous fluctuations of geographically separated populations are in general explained by the Moran effect, i.e. a common influence on the local population dynamics of environmental variables that are correlated in space. Empirical support for such a Moran effect has been difficult to provide, mainly due to problems separating out effects of local population dynamics, demographic stochasticity and dispersal that also influence the spatial scaling of population processes. Here we generalize the Moran effect by decomposing the spatial autocorrelation function for fluctuations in the size of great tit Parus major and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus populations into components due to spatial correlations in the environmental noise, local differences in the strength of density regulation and the effects of demographic stochasticity.
Differences between localities in the strength of density dependence and nonlinearity in the density regulation had a small effect on population synchrony, whereas demographic stochasticity reduced the effects of the spatial correlation in environmental noise on the spatial correlations in population size by 21·7% and 23·3% in the great tit and blue tit, respectively.
Different environmental variables, such as beech mast and climate, induce a common environmental forcing on the dynamics of central European great and blue tit populations. This generates synchronous fluctuations in the size of populations located several hundred kilometres apart.
Although these environmental variables were autocorrelated over large areas, their contribution to the spatial synchrony in the population fluctuations differed, dependent on the spatial scaling of their effects on the local population dynamics. We also demonstrate that this effect can lead to the paradoxical result that a common environmental variable can induce spatial desynchronization of the population fluctuations.
This demonstrates that a proper understanding of the ecological consequences of environmental changes, especially those that occur simultaneously over large areas, will require information about the spatial scaling of their effects on local population dynamics.