bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Welfare Benefits from Improvements in Storage Technology with an Application to Tunisian Potatoes
Authors: Fuglie Keith O. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA multimarket model is used to explore equity and efficiency implications of improving crop storage technology. Two types of technical change are explored. Producers capture most of the benefits from new technology that reduces the cost of marketing inputs, whereas consumers gain more from technologies that reduce storage losses. In an application of the model to potatoes in Tunisia, improved pest control during storage is estimated to have significantly reduced seasonal variation in market prices and quantities during the 1980s. The rate of return to research on potato storage is estimated to lie between 44% and 74%.
A Positive Theory of Agricultural Protection
Authors: Swinnen Johan F. M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe present paper analyses the political economy of agricultural protection in a general equilibrium framework. Rational politicians offer protectionist policies in return for political support from their constituency. Individuals in the economy have different factor endowments. Politicians exploit these differences in establishing redistributive policies when maximizing political support. Changes in economic variables—such as the urban‐rural income gap, capital intensity, the share of agriculture in total output and total employment, and the share of food in consumer expenditures—affect the political equilibrium policy. The analysis concludes that the observed correlation between economic development and agricultural protection is caused by a multiplicity of factors.
Production and Investment Decisions Under Sunk Cost and Temporal Uncertainty
Authors: Chavas Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBuilding on Glenn Johnson's asset fixity theory, this article introduces sunk cost and temporal uncertainty in Jorgenson's neoclassical theory of investment. Under the assumption of risk neutrality, we show how sunk cost and temporal risk affect the implicit rental value of capital and investment and entry‐exit decisions. Results suggest there are important interactions between sunk cost and the effects of temporal uncertainty on production behavior.
Market Delineation and Demand Structure
Authors: Asche Frank , Steen Frode , Salvanes Kjell G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper addresses the relationship between the cointegration approach to market delineation and the more traditional approach of analyzing the demand structure among different products in terms of degree of substitutability. Cointegration tests for market delineation and estimation of a dynamic system of demand equations are undertaken utilizing the same data set. The data set consists of three high‐quality seafood products in the European Union. The results are encouraging as the results from the two approaches are not only compatible, but are also complementary in the sense that they provide more information together than they do separately.
Optioning Agricultural Water Rights for Urban Water Supplies During Drought
Authors: Michelsen Ari M. , Young Robert A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOption contracts for temporary use of irrigation water rights are evaluated as a less‐expensive institutional arrangement for providing drought insurance for urban water agencies. Desirable option contract provisions are suggested and a framework for evaluating the economic benefits of water supply options is proposed. An integrated analytical system simulating the hydrologic, institutional, and economic relationships for a case study area in northeast Colorado is developed to evaluate the economic feasibility of water supply option contracts. Estimated present value benefits and sensitivity analyses indicate that dry year water options are economically viable over a considerable range of conditions.
Credit Constraints, Farm Characteristics, and the Farm Economy: Differential Impacts on Feeder Cattle and Beef Cow Inventories
Authors: Bierlen Ralph , Dixon Bruce L. , Ahrendsen Bruce L. , Barry Peter J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA recurrent topic in the macroeconomic literature is the financial accelerator—the notion that informational asymmetries introduce inefficiencies to financial markets which amplify and propagate the effects of real or monetary shocks. With the purpose of finding empirical evidence that is consistent with a financial accelerator operating in the cattle sector, inventory investment models are estimated with an appended cash flow variable. The inclusion of cash flow is motivated by the notion that investment by credit‐constrained farms should be sensitive to movements in internal funds. Results are consistent with the financial accelerator operating in the feeder cattle but not in the cow‐calf sector.
Quantifying the Effects of Sow‐Herd Management Information Systems on Farmers' Decision Making Using Experimental Economics
Authors: Verstegen Jos A.A.M. , Huirne Ruud B.M. , Dijkhuizen Aalt A. , Sonnemans Joep , Cox James C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA pilot experiment was conducted to yield insight into whether laboratory experiments can be used as an alternative to surveys for determining the profitability of management information systems (MIS) in sow farming. In total, eighty‐six sow farmers, including fifty‐one farmers from an earlier survey study, participated in an individual decision‐making experiment, which was executed in a quasi‐experimental, nonequivalent control, pretest/posttest design. In an MIS group, MIS estimates were derived by within‐subjects comparisons of decision quality with and without MIS features. A baseline group was included to control for leaning or exhaustion effects during an experimental session. Subjects receiving MIS features significantly improved their decision making whereas subjects without MIS features did not. Correlation between MIS estimates of the survey study and MIS estimates of the experiment was not significant.
Spatial and Temporal Specialization in Forest Ecosystem Management Under Sole Ownership
Authors: Swallow Stephen K. , Talukdar Piyali , Wear David N. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract“Ecosystem management” complicates forest management considerably. In this paper we extend the economic analysis of forestry to capture both the temporal and the spatial dimensions, allowing optimization of timber harvest decisions throughout an ecosystem. Dynamic programming simulations illustrate the implications for the simplest ecosystem, consisting of two forest management units. Results indicate that explicit recognition of ecological interactions, even between identical forest stands, may prescribe specialization through time and across space. Such spatial and temporal specialization leverages opportunities to provide ecosystem goods that may be foregone through reliance on “rules of thumb” derived from models that focus on the single stand.
Dynamic Optimal Management of Wind‐Erosive Rangelands
Authors: Hu Dayuan , Ready Richard , Pagoulatos Angelos 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA bioeconomic model of livestock production from wind‐erosive rangelands is developed and optimized. Equations of motion capture the impact of topsoil stock on forage productivity and the protective effect of forage stock on soil loss from wind erosion. For overgrazed wind‐erosive rangelands, a lower discount rate provides incentives for lighter grazing, as does consideration of effect of stocking rates on animal performance. In the case where off‐site damages are large, internalizing off‐site effects would also encourage lighter grazing and hence promote sustainable production. An illustrative application of the model is also included.
Functional Forms, Exogenous Shifts, and Economic Surplus Changes
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Mullen John D. , Griffith Gary R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractConditions for exact welfare measures in equilibrium displacement modeling are examined. These relate to the functional form of supply and demand, the nature of the exogenous shift, and the definition of percentage changes. Approximation errors when these conditions are not met in empirical applications are investigated and analytical expressions for the errors derived. Significant errors are possible when a proportional shift is assumed. The assumptions underlying Alston and Wohlgenant's empirical findings are identified. The restriction that supply must be elastic is shown to be unnecessary.
Third‐Country Effects and Second‐Best Grain Trade Policies: Export Subsidies and Bilateral Liberalization
Authors: Alston Julian M. , Carter Colin A. , Sumner Daniel A. , Gray Richard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn incumbent export subsidy will affect the size and distribution of gains from bilateral trade liberalization but, in theory, may still permit increased trade volume and mutual benefits from freer trade. These points are illustrated using the case of Canada‐U.S. durum wheat trade, which grew rapidly following the 1989 Canadian‐U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA). An empirical analysis suggests that, given its Export Enhancement Program (EEP), the United States lost from freer trade in durum. Conversely, freer trade in durum means greater gains to the United States from eliminating EEP.
Environmental Externalities and the Optimal Level of Market Power
Authors: Gopinath Munisamy , Wu JunJie 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article derives the condition under which agricultural chemical producers' desire to under‐produce, associated with market power, exactly offsets the tendency to overproduce, due to their failure to consider externality costs of agricultural chemicals. This condition is satisfied when the price markup in the chemical industries equals the marginal environmental damages caused by chemicals. Our estimates of price markup for nitrogen, phosphate, and pesticides industries indicate that the welfare loss caused by market power is exactly offset by environmental benefits if the marginal pollution costs are, respectively, eight, nine, and twenty‐two cents for each dollar's worth of these chemicals.
The Effect of Income and Food Programs on Dietary Quality: A Seemingly Unrelated Regression Analysis with Error Components
Authors: Wilde Parke E. , McNamara Paul E. , Ranney Christine K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article employs new Food Guide Pyramid servings data to measure how food intake is affected by income and two food programs. The analysis uses a maximum likelihood estimator that combines the seemingly unrelated regression and one‐way error component models, to account for two types of intrahousehold correlations. Participation in the Food Stamp Program is associated with higher intake of meats, added sugars, and total fats. Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children is associated with lower intake of added sugars.
Comparative Advantage and Government Budget Effects: An Application to the Grain Trade of the Former USSR
Authors: Liefert William M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA model is developed for analyzing the relationship between trade according to comparative advantage, price policy, and government budget effects. The model is used to examine a debate in the USSR in its last years concerning the economic rationale of grain imports, one concern being government budgetary consequences. It appears that changing the mix of goods produced and traded such that grain imports would fall, which many Soviet economists advocated, would have unintentionally decreased state revenue. This is mainly because empirical evidence indicates that the former USSR had a comparative disadvantage in the production of grain.
Limiting Environmental Program Contradictions: A Demand Systems Application to Fishery Management
Authors: Ward Frank A. , Cole Richard A. , Deitner Robert A. , Green‐Hammond Catherine A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEconomically efficient natural resource policy requires the comprehensive management of environmental improvements over a system of sites. Use of multisite demand and benefit models can reduce the number and cost of environmental program contradictions. In this paper we present a multisite demand model that incorporates several quality dimensions for a system of New Mexico fishing sites. Use of the model permits managers to improve total welfare at lower cost by simultaneously distributing opportunity across all elements in resource users' choice sets. Model results show that errors that result from independently adding values of interdependent program elements approach 50%.
Nonparametric Tests of Profit Maximization in Oligopoly with Application to the Beef Packing Industry
Authors: Driscoll Paul J. , Kambhampaty S. Murthy , Purcell Wayne D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we develop new, nonparametric methods of testing for static profit maximization given noncompetitive behavior. Repeated application of the test yields “maximum likelihood” estimates of the degree of noncompetitive behavior. Using plant‐level data, these newly developed nonparametric methods are employed to test the hypothesis that beef packers are profit maximizers and to measure the extent to which packers influence prices in fed‐cattle markets.
Environmental Quality Preference and Benefit Estimation in Multinomial Probit Models: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Chen Heng Z. , Cosslett Stephen R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSimulated maximum likelihood is used to estimate a random parameter multinomial probit model of destination choice for recreational fishing trips, formulated to accommodate varying tastes and varying perceptions of environmental quality across individuals. The restricted likelihood ratio test strongly rejects the independent probit model, which is similar to the independent logit model in both the parameter and benefit estimates. Furthermore, both the Krinsky‐Robb and bootstrapping procedures suggest that the benefit (standard deviation) of an environmental policy is found to be markedly lower (higher) when heterogeneous preferences are taken into account.
Flow‐of‐Funds Social Accounts for the Farm Sector
Authors: Penson John B. , Lins David A. , Irwin George D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFlow‐of‐funds accounts and component sources‐and‐uses‐of‐funds statements relate changes in balance sheet accounts to income statements, describing movement from one balance sheet to the next. While the Federal Reserve System compiles a farm business sector sources‐and‐uses‐of‐funds statement consistent with and part of the national flow‐of‐funds accounts, the statement is not definitionally and conceptually consistent with published farm income and balance sheet accounts. An alternative farm sector sources‐and‐uses‐of‐funds statement is proposed that contains these features, and its potential applications and extensions are delineated.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Forensic Science
Authors: Joshi Monica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ion mobility spectrometry
(
IMS
) is a valuable screening technique for hazardous chemicals in the field. It is prolifically used by law enforcement agencies, emergency response personnel, security agencies, and the military to detect explosives, illicit drugs, toxic industrial chemicals, and chemical warfare agents. IMS has been greatly successful, thanks to its portability, ruggedness, ability to operate at ambient pressures, low power requirements, simplicity, fast analysis times, and excellent sensitivity to target substances. This article outlines the current status of IMS and explores exciting innovations that could bring mobility principles to the laboratory, potentially improving the efficiency and accuracy of chemical analyses. The growth of
gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry
(
GC–IMS
) and
ion mobility‐mass spectrometry
(
IM–MS
) could be an avenue for exploration in forensic science analysis. Both techniques improve upon IMS by addressing its weaknesses of poor resolution and susceptibility to mixtures. These are the primary obstacles to the laboratory use of IMS. As IMS continues to serve as a trace chemical monitor in the field, these developments in the coupling of IMS principles with other analytical techniques are giving mobility spectrometry a new purpose in the laboratory.
Rahnella
Authors: Brady Carrie L. , Denman Sandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Rah'nel.la. L. fem. dim. n. suff.
‐ella
, diminutive ending; N.L. fem. dim. n.
Rahnella
, named after Otto Rahn, the German‐American microbiologist who proposed the name
Enterobacteriaceae
in 1937.

Pseudomonadota / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Rahnella

Rahnella
species are ubiquitous in the environment, regularly isolated from water, soil, and woody tree hosts as well as occasionally from human clinical samples. Cells are Gram stain negative, facultatively anaerobic, and motile rods. Species are psychrotolerant, able to grow at 4°C, and favor growth temperatures of 25–30°C. Carbon sources such as
d
‐maltose,
N
‐acetyl‐
d
‐glucosamine, α‐
d
‐glucose, and
d
‐mannose are readily assimilated. Species form a monophyletic clade when phylogenetic analysis is based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) or whole‐genome sequences. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
and C
17:0
cyclo; the percentage of C
18:1
ω7
c
, summed feature 2 (iso‐C
16:1
and/or C
14:0
3‐OH), and summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH) is variable, with some species exhibiting these fatty acids in larger amounts.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.3–53.7 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Rahnella aquatilis
Izard et al. 1979, VL7.
Agathobaculum
Authors: Jeong Haeyoung , Chang Dong‐Ho , Kim Byoung‐Chan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A.ga.tho.ba'cu.lum. Gr. masc. adj.
agathos,
good; L. neut. n.
baculum
, small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Agathobaculum,
small rod beneficial bacterium.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Eubacteriales / Oscillospiraceae / Agathobaculum

Agathobaculum
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, family
Oscillospiraceae
, order
Eubacteriales
, class
Clostridia
. Major fermentation end products are butyrate or acetate. Cells are obligately anaerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, short, plump rods with widths and lengths ranging from 0.6 to 1.1 μm and 0.9 to 2.3 μm, respectively. No spores observed. Motile or nonmotile. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐negative. Cells occur singly, in pairs or chains. The major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
19
cyc 9, 10/:1, and C
14:0
from cells cultivated on DSM 104 agar plates for 2 days at 37°C. Cell wall contains meso‐diaminopimelic acid. DNA G + C content is 54.1–54.2 mol% (based on genome sequence). The genus currently comprises four species:
Agathobaculum butyriciproducens, Agathobaculum desmolans, Agathobaculum faecihominis,
and
Agathobaculum ammoniilyticum
. Optimal growth occurs at neutral pH and 37°C. Colonies of
Agathobaculum
are typically circular in form, convex in elevation, and white to yellowish in color. Based on results from the API 20A diagnostic kit, these bacteria use a diverse range of carbon sources including
d
‐glucose and
d
‐xylose but not
d
‐raffinose or
d
‐sorbitol. Members of the genus are found in human and animal feces. The type species is
Agathobaculum butyriciproducens
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 54.1–54.2 (based on genome sequence).

Type species
:
Agathobaculum butyriciproducens
Ahn et al. 2016
VP
.
High Ionic Conductive, Mechanical Robust Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Films and Interface Design for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Dabing , Liu Hong , Wang Chao , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang , Nan Ce‐Wen , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered a promising technology for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their inherent safety. However, the conventional laboratory‐scale ASSLBs reported to date are based on pellet‐type structures with thick solid electrolyte layers, leading to challenges related to low energy densities and poor electrochemical performance. In this study, porous adhesive poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (PEVA) scaffolds and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binders are utilized to interweave sulfide solid electrolytes into freestanding films with an ultra‐low thickness of 40 µm, high ionic conductivity of 1.1 mS cm−1, and a high tensile strength of 74 MPa. To mitigate the reduction reaction between the PTFE binder and the lithium metal anode, a Li3N‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in situ on lithium metal is formed, and the assembled symmetric cell shows excellent cycling stability within 800 h at the current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and room temperature. Additionally, the ASSLBs using oxidatively stable Li2ZrCl5F in the composite cathode and the prepared solid electrolyte film demonstrate exceptional cycling performance and fast‐charging capability, with a high cell‐level energy density of 354.4 Wh kg−1. The ASSLBs prepared by coupling E‐LPSCl film and stable interface design exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and a high cell‐level energy density.
Biomimetic Eu@HOF Photoactivated Sponge as Ultrasensitive Auditory and Olfactory Sensor for Infrasound Wave Monitoring and Bimodal Information Integration
Authors: Zhu Kai , Yan Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combination of multisensory stimuli in the somatosensory system enables humans to understand object comprehensive characteristics and make precise judgments. However, the development of auditory–olfactory bimodal flexible biomimetic sensors (FBSs) to mimic the function of biological perception of external stimuli still presents complex challenges. Herein, an auditory–olfactory bimodal FBS (1 and 2) is fabricated based on hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (Eu@HOF‐BPTC) integrated with melamine sponge. During the auditory sensing process, 1 can monitor sound with a maximum response frequency of 400 Hz. The auditory FBS performs ultrahigh sensitivity (41335.995 cps Pa−1 cm−2), ultrahigh precision (relative standard deviation < 0.20%), ultrafast response time (20 ms), ultralow detection limit (1.1039 Hz and 0.1083 dB), and great recyclability (148 cycles), which can also real‐time monitor infrasound waves within 4–20 Hz. Based on artificial intelligence, 2 as an olfactory FBS demonstrates excellent sensitivity with a ppm‐level response limit and desirable selectivity toward four odor molecules and realizes wearable on‐site detection. The FBS also completes auditory and olfactory signals integration and interoperability by means of human–machine interaction. The bimodal auditory–olfactory FBS is highly promising for implementing bimodal interaction, simulating complex biological neural system, and promoting environmental monitoring, disaster warning and health care.
Development of 3D Printed Biodegradable, Entirely X‐ray Visible Stents for Rabbit Carotid Artery Implantation
Authors: Shen Yihong , Tang Chaojie , Sun Binbin , Wu Yufan , Yu Xiao , Cui Jie , Zhang Mianmian , EL‐Newehy Mohamed , EL‐Hamshary Hany , Barlis Peter , Wang Wu , Mo Xiumei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiodegradable stents are considered a promising strategy for the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. The visualization of biodegradable stents is of significance during the implantation and long‐term follow‐up. Endowing biodegradable stents with X‐ray radiopacity can overcome the weakness of intrinsic radioparency of polymers. Hence, this work focuses on the development of an entirely X‐ray visible biodegradable stent (PCL‐KIO3) composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and potassium iodate via physical blending and 3D printing. The in vitro results show that the introduction of potassium iodate makes the 3D‐printed PCL stents visualizable under X‐ray. So far, there is inadequate study about polymeric stent visualization in vivo. Therefore, PCL‐KIO3 stents are implanted into the rabbit carotid artery to evaluate the biosafety and visibility performance. During stent deployment, the visualization of the PCL‐KIO3 stent effectively helps to understand the position and dilation status of stents. At 6‐month follow‐up, the PCL‐KIO3 stent could still be observed under X‐ray and maintains excellent vessel patency. To sum up, this study demonstrates that PCL‐KIO3 stent may provide a robust strategy for biodegradable stent visualization.