bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (aspirin and naproxen) on inflammation‐associated proteomic profiles in mouse plasma and prostate during TMPRSS2‐ERG (fusion)‐driven prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Prasad Ram Raj , Mishra Neha , Kant Rama , Fox Jennifer T. , Shoemaker Robert H. , Agarwal Chapla , Raina Komal , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent preclinical studies have shown that the intake of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin and naproxen could be an effective intervention strategy against TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion‐driven prostate tumorigenesis. Herein, as a follow‐up mechanistic study, employing TMPRSS2‐ERG (fusion) positive tumors and plasma from TMPRSS2‐ERG. Ptenflox/flox mice, we profiled the stage specific proteomic changes (focused on inflammatory circulating and prostate tissue/tumor‐specific cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling‐associated molecules) that contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression in the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion‐driven mouse model of tumorigenesis. In addition, the association of the protective effects of NSAIDs (aspirin 1400 ppm and naproxen 400 ppm) with the modulation of these specific molecular pathways was determined. A sandwich Elisa based membrane array‐proteome profiler identifying 111 distinct signaling molecules was employed. Overall, the plasma and prostate tissue sample analyses identified 54 significant and differentially expressed cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling‐associated molecules between PCa afflicted mice (TMPRSS2‐ERG. Ptenflox/flox, age‐matched noncancerous controls, NSAIDs‐supplemented and no‐drug controls). Bioinformatic analysis of the array outcomes indicated that the protective effect of NSAIDs was associated with reduced expression of (a) tumor promoting inflammatory molecules (M‐CSF, IL‐33, CCL22, CCL12, CX3CL1, CHI3L1, and CD93), (b) growth factors‐ growth signaling‐associated molecules (Chemerin, FGF acidic, Flt‐3 ligand, IGFBP‐5, and PEDF), and (c) tumor microenvironment/stromal remodeling proteins MMP2 and MMP9. Overall, our findings corroborate the pathological findings that protective effects of NSAIDs in TMPSS2‐ERG fusion‐driven prostate tumorigenesis are associated with antiproliferative and anti‐inflammatory effects and possible modulation of the immune cell enriched microenvironment.
Deep learning‐based target decomposition for markerless lung tumor tracking in radiotherapy
Authors: Fu Yabo , Zhang Pengpeng , Fan Qiyong , Cai Weixing , Pham Hai , Rimner Andreas , Cuaron John , Cervino Laura , Moran Jean M. , Li Tianfang , Li Xiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn radiotherapy, real‐time tumor tracking can verify tumor position during beam delivery, guide the radiation beam to target the tumor, and reduce the chance of a geometric miss. Markerless kV x‐ray image‐based tumor tracking is challenging due to the low tumor visibility caused by tumor‐obscuring structures. Developing a new method to enhance tumor visibility for real‐time tumor tracking is essential.PurposeTo introduce a novel method for markerless kV image‐based tracking of lung tumors via deep learning‐based target decomposition.MethodsWe utilized a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN), known as Pix2Pix, to build a patient‐specific model and generate the synthetic decomposed target image (sDTI) to enhance tumor visibility on the real‐time kV projection images acquired by the onboard kV imager equipped on modern linear accelerators. We used 4DCT simulation images to generate the digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) and DTI image pairs for model training. We augmented the training dataset by randomly shifting the 4DCT in the superior‐inferior, anterior‐posterior, and left‐right directions during the DRR and DTI generation process. We performed real‐time 2D tumor tracking via template matching between the DTI generated from the CT simulation and the sDTI generated from the real‐time kV projection images. We validated the proposed method using nine patients’ datasets with implanted beacons near the tumor.ResultsThe sDTI can effectively improve the image contrast around the lung tumors on the kV projection images for the nine patients. With the beacon motion as ground truth, the tracking errors were on average 0.8 ± 0.7 mm in the superior‐inferior (SI) direction and 0.9 ± 0.8 mm in the in‐plane left‐right (IPLR) direction. The percentage of successful tracking, defined as a tracking error less than 2 mm in the SI direction, is 92.2% on the 4312 tested images. The patient‐specific model took approximately 12 h to train. During testing, it took approximately 35 ms to generate one sDTI, and 13 ms to perform the tumor tracking using template matching.ConclusionsOur method offers the potential solution for nearly real‐time markerless lung tumor tracking. It achieved a high level of accuracy and an impressive tracking rate. Further development of 3D lung tumor tracking is warranted.
Does COVID‐19 cause or worsen LUT dysfunction, what are the mechanisms and possible treatments? ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Khullar Vik , Lemmon Berni , Acar Omer , Abrams Paul , Vahabi Bahareh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and produced a worldwide pandemic in 2020. There have been 770,875,433 confirmed cases and 6,959,316 attributed deaths worldwide until September 19, 2023. The virus can also affect the lower urinary tract (LUT) leading to bladder inflammation and producing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in both the acute and chronic phases of disease.MethodsAt the 2023 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS), the literature relating to COVID‐19 and bladder dysfunction was reviewed. The LUTS reported, as well as the pathophysiology of these bladder symptoms, were the subject of considerable discussion. A number of different topics were discussed including lower LUTS reported in COVID‐19, how SARS‐CoV‐2 may infect and affect the urinary tract, and proposed mechanisms for how viral infection result in new, worsened, and in some persisting LUTS.ConclusionsThe workshop discussed the interaction between the virus and the immune system, covering current evidence supporting theories underlying the causes of acute and chronic LUTS related to COVID‐19 infection. Research questions for further investigation were suggested and identified.
A low‐burden, self‐weighing intervention to prevent weight gain in adults with obesity who do not enroll in comprehensive treatment
Authors: McVay Megan A. , Carrera Seoane Montserrat , Rajoria Melinda , Dye Marissa , Marshall Natalie , Muenyi Sofia , Alkanderi Anas , Scotti Kellie B. , Ruiz Jaime , Voils Corrine I. , Ross Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor individuals who are eligible but unlikely to join comprehensive weight loss programs, a low burden self‐weighing intervention may be a more acceptable approach to weight management.MethodsThis was a single‐arm feasibility trial of a 12‐month self‐weighing intervention. Participants were healthcare patients with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 with a weight‐related comorbidity or a BMI >30 kg/m2 who reported lack of interest in joining a comprehensive weight loss program, or did not enroll in a comprehensive program after being provided program information. In the self‐weighing intervention, participants were asked to weigh themselves daily on a cellular connected scale and were sent text messages every other week with tailored weight change feedback, including messages encouraging use of comprehensive programs if weight gain occurred.ResultsOf 86 eligible patients, 39 enrolled (45.3%) in the self‐weighing intervention. Self‐weighing occurred on average 4.6 days/week (SD = 1.4). At 12 months, 12 participants (30.8%) lost ≥3% baseline weight, 11 (28.2%) experienced weight stability (±3% baseline), 6 (15.4%) gained ≥3% of baseline weight, and 10 (25.6%) did not have available weight data to evaluate. Three participants reported joining a weight loss program during the intervention (7.7%). Participants reported high intervention satisfaction in quantitative ratings (4.1 of 5), and qualitative interviews identified areas of satisfaction (e.g., timing and content of text messages) and areas for improvement (e.g., increasing personalization of text messages).ConclusionA low‐burden self‐weighing intervention can reach adults with overweight/obesity who would be unlikely to engage in comprehensive weight loss programs; the efficacy of this intervention for preventing weight gain should be further evaluated in a randomized trial.
Biodegradation behavior of poly (lactic acid) samples obtained by three‐dimensional printing: Influence of temperature and pigment presence
Authors: Gonzaga Graziela L. , Babetto Alex S. , Gonçalves Lívia M. G. , Bettini Silvia H. P. , Souza Adriana M. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, the biodegradation behavior in the soil of natural and pigmented poly (lactic acid) (PLA) plates obtained by three‐dimensional (3D) printing or by compression molding was evaluated by the respirometry method at three different temperatures: 21, 28, and 35°C. PLA samples before and after aerobic biodegradation tests were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and size exclusion chromatography analysis. The increase in test temperature enhanced the biodegradation process. At a test temperature of 35°C, the maximum biodegradation rates of natural PLA and pigmented PLA were 65% and 68% higher, respectively, compared to the maximum biodegradation rate observed at 21°C. DSC and TG analysis indicate that pigmented PLA samples were more susceptible to degradation by hydrolysis. However, the rate of biodegradation efficiency was lower in pigmented PLA samples, with a decrease of 16%, 24%, and 14% at 21, 28, and 35°C, respectively, compared to natural PLA. This behavior indicated that pigment hindered the hydrolysis by‐products absorption by microorganisms. Additionally, the presence of micro voids in PLA samples obtained through 3D printing accelerated the rate of biodegradation efficiency by 32% at 28°C compared to pressed samples.Highlights
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) plate biodegradation in soil was analyzed using respirometry method.
Temperature, pigment presence, and sample preparation method were considered.
Higher temperatures enhanced both natural and pigmented PLA biodegradation.
Pigments appeared to act as antimicrobial agents, slowing down the process.
Water presence in the micro voids accelerated hydrolysis and biodegradation.
Achieving bottle‐grade poly(ethylene terephthalate)‐like properties from blends of bottle‐grade and thermoform‐grade poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Ganapathi Anurag , Abdelwahab Mohamed A , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), both bottle grade (PET‐B) and thermoform grade (PET‐T), are widely used in the packaging sector. However, only PET‐B is recycled and reused, while PET‐T needs to be separated from recycled PET bales. This study aims to assess the impact of solid‐state polymerization (SSP), chain extension and the combination of chain extension–SSP to transform PET‐B and PET‐T blends into PET‐T‐like material. The intrinsic viscosity (IV) values for PET‐B blends with 10–20 wt% of PET‐T are measured for the samples obtained in this study. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, modulus, elongation and impact strength, were also determined. The glass transition temperature, melting temperature, crystallinity and thermal degradation were also investigated. The findings suggest that the combination of SSP and chain extension leads to a significant improvement in IV and tensile strength, while SSP alone is less suitable to offer the desired IV values. © 2024 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on clinical outcomes of hospitalization due to influenza in children: A propensity score‐matched analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2005–2018
Authors: Wang Yao , Chiu Feng‐Hsiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have explored the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and clinical outcomes of influenza in adults, whereas limited research examined this relationship in pediatric populations. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of OSA on the outcomes of pediatric influenza hospitalizations.MethodsThis was a population‐based, retrospective study. Data of children aged 1–19 years hospitalized for influenza infection were extracted from the United States (US) Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database 2005–2018. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses determined associations between OSA, length of stay (LOS), total hospital costs, pneumonia, and life‐threatening events.ResultsAfter propensity‐score matching, a total of 2100 children were analyzed. The logistic analysis revealed that children with OSA had a significantly increased LOS (β = 2.29 days; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01–3.57, p < .001) and total hospital costs (β = 26.06 thousand dollars; 95% CI: 6.62–45.51, p = .009), and higher odds of pneumonia (aged 6–10 years: odds ratio [OR] = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01–2.27, p = .043; aged ≥ 11 years: OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.33–2.53, p < .001).ConclusionsDuring influenza admissions, children with OSA had longer LOS, higher hospital costs, and an increased risk of pneumonia compared to those without OSA. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and managing OSA in influenza‐related infections among children.
Segmentation and detection of crop pests using novel U‐Net with hybrid deep learning mechanism
Authors: Biradar Nagaveni , Hosalli Girisha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOBJECTIVEIn India, agriculture is the backbone of economic sectors because of the increasing demand for agricultural products. However, agricultural production has been affected due to the presence of pests in crops. Several methods were developed to solve the crop pest detection issue, but they failed to achieve better results. Therefore, the proposed study used a new hybrid deep learning mechanism for segmenting and detecting pests in crops.METHODImage collection, pre‐processing, segmentation, and detection are the steps involved in the proposed study. There are three steps involved in pre‐processing: image rescaling, equalized joint histogram based contrast enhancement (Eq‐JH‐CE), and bendlet transform based De‐noising (BT‐D). Next, the pre‐processed images are segmented using the DenseNet‐77 UNet model. In this section, the complexity of the conventional UNet model is mitigated by hybridizing it with the DenseNet‐77 model. Once the segmentation is done with an improved model, the crop pests are detected and classified by proposing a novel Convolutional Slice‐Attention based Gated Recurrent Unit (CS‐AGRU) model. The proposed model is the combination of a convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). In order to achieve better accuracy outcomes, the proposed study hybridized these models due to their great efficiency. Also, the slice attention mechanism is applied over the proposed model for fetching relevant feature information and thereby enhancing the computational efficiency. So, pests in the crop are finally detected using the proposed method.RESULTThe Python programming language is utilized for implementation. The proposed approach shows a better accuracy range of 99.52%, IoU of 99.1%, precision of 98.88%, recall of 99.53%, F1‐score of 99.35%, and FNR of 0.011 compared to existing techniques.DISCUSSIONIdentifying and classifying pests helps farmers anticipate potential threats to their crops. By knowing which pests are prevalent in their region or are likely to infest certain crops, farmers can implement preventive measures to protect their crops, such as planting pest‐resistant varieties, using crop rotation, or deploying traps and barriers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Control of Electric Wheelchair by Brain‐Computer Interface Using Mixed Reality and Virtual Sound Source
Authors: Mori Fumina , Sugino Masato , Huang Yunshan , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA brain‐computer interface for operating an electric wheelchair (wheelchair BCI) has been studied to support independent living for physically disabled patients. The current wheelchair BCI systems are facing the problem that the wheelchair cannot be moved or rotated to an arbitrary place or direction in a single measurement. To solve this problem, we developed a BCI that uses audiovisual stimuli based on mixed‐reality (MR) and virtual sound sources. During the online analysis, six out of seven participants were able to move or rotate the wheelchair to the target location or direction at a rate higher than the chance level. Thus, our results indicate that audiovisual stimulation with MR and virtual sound sources may be useful for intuitive wheelchair operation. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Integrative analysis of bulk RNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq data indicates the prognostic and immunologic values of SERPINH1 in glioma
Authors: Hou Shiqiang , Chen Yinan , Jin Chunjing , Lin Ning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSERPINH1 is abnormally expressed in multiple cancers and is associated with malignant progression. However, few reports detail its role in the etiopathogenesis of glioma. Hence, the aim of this article was to investigate the potential value of SERPINH1 in glioma using an integrative analysis.MethodsData of RNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq was obtained and evaluated using online databases. The expression of SERPINH1 was confirmed by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of SERPINH1 was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. SERPINH1‐related signaling pathways and the interaction of SERPINH1 with immunity were also investigated.ResultsSERPINH1 exhibited a markedly elevated expression in glioma compared to normal brain tissues in the online databases. Similar results were confirmed by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. SERPINH1 was found to be an independent prognosis factor, and high expression of SERPINH1 indicated poor survival. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed to predict prognosis more accurately and intuitively. GSEA analysis showed that SERPINH1 was involved in seven signaling pathways, including JAK‐STAT pathway. Further analysis indicated SERPINH1 was significantly associated with immunity, especially in low‐grade glioma. Additionally, an examination of scRNA‐seq data revealed that SERPINH1 was primarily expressed in T cells of the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets.ConclusionsSERPINH1 is a key biomarker of glioma prognosis and is immunologically relevant, which provides additional options for targeted therapy of glioma.
Recovery rates and long‐term olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Dias Melanie , Shaida Zara , Haloob Nora , Hopkins Claire 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesOlfactory dysfunction is one of the most recognized symptoms of COVID‐19, significantly impacting quality of life, particularly in cases where recovery is prolonged. This review aims to explore patterns of olfactory recovery post‐COVID‐19 infection, with particular focus on delayed recovery.Data SourcesPublished literature in the English language, including senior author's own work, online and social media platforms, and patients' anecdotal reports.MethodA comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken by the authors with guidance from the senior author with expertise in the field of olfaction.ResultsBased on self‐report, an estimated 95% of patients recover their olfactory function within 6 months post‐COVID‐19 infection. However, psychophysical testing detects higher rates of persistent olfactory dysfunction. Recovery has been found to continue for at least 2 years postinfection; negative prognostic indicators include severe olfactory loss in the acute phase, female sex, and older age. Variability in quantitative and qualitative disturbance in prolonged cases likely reflects both peripheral and central pathophysiological mechanisms. Limitations of many of the reviewed studies reflect lack of psychophysical testing and baseline olfactory assessment.ConclusionsPost‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction remains a significant health and psychosocial burden. Emerging evidence is improving awareness and knowledge among clinicians to better support patients through their olfactory rehabilitation, with hope of recovery after several months or years. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of delayed recovery, identify at risk individuals earlier in the disease course, and develop therapeutic targets.
Sich selbst beleihen. Anträge und die Verwaltung von Wissenschaftlichkeit
Authors: Lorenz Caspar-Fridolin 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Text verhandelt das Zusammenspiel antragsstellender Wissenschaftler*innen auf der einen Seite und Institutionen, die Drittmittel ausschreiben, auf der anderen Seite. Ausgehend von der Frage nach der Gestaltung dieser Texte und den mit dieser »Antragsprosa« verbundenen Textstrategien, verfolgt der Text die These, dass sich neben den bekannten, die Wissenschaften einschränkenden Folgen der Förderungen auch kooperative Elemente finden lassen, die produktiv auf die Entstehung von wissenschaftlichem Wissen einwirken und in dieser Weise in den Bereich wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens gehören.
Verwaltungsreform?
Authors: Priddat Birger P. 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Text erkundet in 49 Reflexionen, die Möglichkeiten, Funktionen und Konsequenzen von Reformen, die in Verwaltungseinheiten organisiert werden. Dabei blickt er auch auf die dabei entstehenden Programme und Techniken – Karrieren in Ämterbürokratien, Outsourcing, Auditing–, die als Folgen stringenter Logiken mitentstehen und Reformen zu ganz eigenen Entwicklungen nutzen.
The antiviral response triggered by the cGAS/STING pathway is subverted by the foot-and-mouth disease virus proteases
Authors: Sanz Miguel Ángel , Polo Miryam , Rodríguez-Pulido Miguel , Huildore Bommanna Ranjitha , Sáiz Margarita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPropagation of viruses requires interaction with host factors in infected cells and repression of innate immune responses triggered by the host viral sensors. Cytosolic DNA sensing pathway of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a major component of the antiviral response to DNA viruses, also known to play a relevant role in response to infection by RNA viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Here, we provide supporting evidence of cGAS degradation in swine cells during FMDV infection and show that the two virally encoded proteases, Leader (Lpro) and 3Cpro, target cGAS for cleavage to dampen the cGAS/STING-dependent antiviral response. The specific target sequence sites on swine cGAS were identified as Q140/T141 for the FMDV 3Cpro and the KVKNNLKRQ motif at residues 322–330 for Lpro. Treatment of swine cells with inhibitors of the cGAS/STING pathway or depletion of cGAS promoted viral infection, while overexpression of a mutant cGAS defective for cGAMP synthesis, unlike wild type cGAS, failed to reduce FMDV replication. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of RNA viral antagonism of the cGAS-STING innate immune sensing pathway, based on the redundant degradation of cGAS through the concomitant proteolytic activities of two proteases encoded by an RNA virus, further proving the key role of cGAS in restricting FMDV infection.