bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virologic study of the reproductive tract in dairy cows
Authors: Manspeaker Joe E. , Haaland Monica A. , Mohanty Sashi B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From Aug 1, 1979 to Aug 15, 1980, a total of 624 samples were collected from the vaginas, cervices, and uteri of 208 dairy cows 30 to 37 days after parturition. An additional 90 samples were collected from the reproductive tracts from 30 of the 208 cows. The 30 cows had aborted or were repeat breeders. Samples from cows that had aborted were collected within a week after clinical abortion or immediately after rectal palpation revealed subclinical abortion.All samples were tested for the presence of cytopathogenic viruses. All samples were negative.
Prevalence of parasitism diagnosed by fecal examination in Louisiana dogs
Authors: Hoskins J. D. , Malone J. B. , Smith P. H. , Uhl S. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalence of canine intestinal parasitism was evaluated by fecal examination of 4,058 dogs admitted to the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics from March 1977 to March 1980. One or more species of parasites was identified in 2,048 (50.5%) dogs. Hookworms were encountered in 38.5% of the dogs examined, whipworms in 14.9%, ascarids in 8.5%, coccidia in 2.6%, tapeworms in 2.2%, and giardia in 0.8%. Single parasitic infection was present in 1,456 (35.9%) dogs. For hookworm and whipworm infections, male dogs were significantly (P < 0.5) more often affected, compared with females or spayed females. Ascarid, coccidia, and giardia infections were more prevalent in pups than in mature dogs, whereas whipworm infections were detected less often in dogs < 6 months of age. Hookworms were the most prevalent parasites in male (39.2%) and female (35.7%) dogs < 6 months of age and maintained high prevalence in mature dogs. Tapeworm infections were diagnosed sporadically in all age groups. In female dogs > 24 months of age, significantly less parasitism was present as compared with younger females. In male dogs, the prevalence of parasitism diminished less markedly with increasing age.
Bovine monocyte-induced tumor cell cytotoxicosis
Authors: Atluru D. , Johnson D. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Human monocytes have been shown to be highly cytotoxic for tumor cells in vitro. To determine whether these observations could be extended to the bovine species, monocyte-induced tumor cell cytotoxicosis was examined in vitro. Target cells were initiated from benign hyperplastic corneal plaque lesions or ocular squamous cell carcinoma lesions in cattle. The monocyte-induced tumor cell cytotoxicosis, as measured by target cell [3H]thymidine incorporation, was highly significant (P < 0.001) in corneal plaque cells at target:effector cell ratios of 1:10, 1:5, and 1:1. The [3H]thymidine incorporation was also highly significant (P < 0.001) in squamous cell carcinoma cells at target:effector cell ratios of 1:10 and 1:5, but of less significance (P < 0.01) at 1:1. Further, the ability of bovine monocytes to kill target cells was enhanced by culturing effector cells for 3 days before assay. These data show that bovine monocytes are cytotoxic for tumor cells in vitro and indicated that bovine monocytes may be of importance in the control of neoplastic proliferation in vivo.
Interferon induction in healthy and tumor-bearing dogs by cell walls of Mycobacterium bovis strain bacille Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Winters Wendell D. , Harris Steven C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
High titers of interferon (if) were released into the circulation of 8 of 10 adult, female, healthy dogs (group A) and 7 of 10 pet dogs (group C) bearing naturally occurring primary malignant mammary tumors after they were given a single dose (4 mg/ml) of a Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin cell wall (bcg-cw) emulsion. This bcg-cw emulsion had been administered into 1 mammary gland in the 10 healthy dogs and intratumorally in the 10 dogs bearing biopsy-confirmed malignant mammary tumors. Increases in if titers were not detected in sera from 10 dogs (group D) bearing malignant mammary tumors injected with placebo, from 10 dogs (group E) after surgical excision of malignant mammary tumors, and from 15 noninjected healthy control dogs (group B). The if detected in the sera of tumor-bearing and healthy dogs following injection of bcg-cw was effective against vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza A virus when tested in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, but not in human KB cells. Vesicular stomatitis viral antibody was not detected by neutralization tests nor radioimmunoassays in sera from the subjects. At entry into the study of 30 dogs with malignant mammary tumors (groups C, D, and E) and of 25 healthy dogs (groups A and B), titers of if were detected in 14 of the former and in 1 of the healthy dogs. There was no correlation between the pretreatment if titers in tumor-bearing dogs and age, clinical history, breed, previous pregnancies, or tumor volume. In tumor-bearing dogs injected with bcg-cw (group C), there was no apparent relationship between the induction of high titers of if and any previously mentioned factors, the amount of bcg-cw injected, or serum levels of antibody specifically reactive with bcg-cw or canine viral antigens.
Sensitivity of smooth Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf field strains to antibody complement under various conditions
Authors: Griffith Ronald W. , Kramer Theodore T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seventy-two field strains of smooth Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf were obtained from outbreaks of swine paratyphoid. The field strains were examined for susceptibility to killing by antibody-complement (Ab-C) after they were exposed to Tris-EDTA, lysozyme, or saline solution. Considerable differences were found in susceptibility to killing by Ab-C in the strain population. Some strains were highly sensitive to Ab-C under all experimental conditions, whereas others became sensitive only after prior exposure to Tris-EDTA or to lysozyme. One strain was resistant to all treatments. Numerical decrease of colony-forming units by Tris-EDTA affected the population independently of decrease of the colony-forming units by Ab-C in saline solution. Evidence was obtained to indicate that Tris-EDTA may inhibit growth of S cholerae-suis in addition to the documented effect of Tris-EDTA on the release of lipopolysaccharide from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
Ischemia: A cause of hepatic telangiectasis in cattle
Authors: Jensen Rue , Johnson L. W. , Lauerman L. H. , Tucker J. O. , Swift B. L. , Alexander A. F , Hancock H. A. , Flack D. E. , Braddy P. M. , Horton D. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We histologically examined (i) 73 bovine livers condemned by packing house inspectors for telangiectasis, (ii) 15 bovine livers passed by the same inspectors as normal, and (iii) 8 livers from cattle given an injection into their mesenteric veins: 6 with a suspension of agar particles containing viable Haemophilus somnus and 2 with diluent only. The injected cattle were killed and necropsied 2 to 12 days after the inoculations.
Of the 73 telangiectatic livers, 57 (78%) had thrombosed and occluded or contracted and empty portal veins (venopathies), whereas 1 of the 15 normal livers contained one microscopic focus of telangiectasis and nearby venopathy. Of the 6 livers injected with suspended particles, all had venopathies and telangiectasis and the 2 control livers had neither.
Prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, bovine adenoviruses-3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial viral antibodies in goats
Authors: Fulton Robert W. , Downing Marian M. , Hagstad Harry V 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera from healthy goats were collected during October 1979 through October 1980. These sera were tested for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine adenoviruses (bav) -3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial virus (grsv) antibodies by microtitration virus-neutralization test. The number of herds with seropositive goats for each virus were: 5/38 (13.2%) for bhv-1; 9/38 (23.7%) for bvdv; 8/38 (21.1%) for pi-3 virus; 1/38 (2.6%) for bav-3; 15/38 (39.5%) for bav-7; and 26/34 (76.5%) for grsv. Seropositive rates for each virus for the individual goats tested were: 6/502 (1.2%) for bhv-1; 9/498 (1.8%) for bvdv; 49/458 (10.7%) for pi-3 virus; 1/487 (0.02%) for bav-3; 40/448 (8.9%) for bav-7; and 166/332 (50.0%) for grsv.
Systolic time interval recordings as a measure of cardiac function in the healthy rabbit: Reference values
Authors: Long Harry J. , Diamond Sheldon S. , Burningham Richard A. , Raflo Charles P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of systolic time interval recordings obtained serially on 104 female New Zealand White rabbits were analyzed for reproducibility, variation with respect to changes in heart rate (hr), and interrelationship of the various systolic time intervals. A table of values for systolic time intervals in the healthy rabbit was constructed. The preejection period (pep), left ventricular ejection time (lvet), and pep/lvet ratio were 0.040 ± 0.008 s, 0.119 ± 0.014 s, and 0.337 ± 0.066 respectively. The major systolic time intervals, pep and lvet, varied with respect to hr according to the regression equations: pep = 0.057 − 0.000078 hr and lvet = 0.175 − 0.000251 hr. The QS2 interval, S1S2 interval and isovolumic contraction time also varied with changes in hr.
Effectiveness of ivermectin against later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies
Authors: Slocombe J. O. D. , McCraw B. M. , Pennock P. W. , Vasey J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve pony foals were reared worm-free and inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris. Approximately 8 weeks after they were inoculated, 6 foals were given ivermectin im at a dosage rate of 200 μg/kg of body weight and 6 were given a placebo. All foals were necropsied 35 days after treatment. Ivermectin was 98.9% effective in eliminating later 4th-stage S ulgaris larvae located near the origin of major intestinal arteries and in reducing clinical signs and permitting resolution of lesions associated with verminous arteritis.
One pony foal reared on pasture and with evidence of arteritis of the cranial mesenteric and ileocolic arteries on arteriography was treated with ivermectin at a dosage rate of 200 μg/kg of body weight. On arteriographs taken subsequently, there was evidence of regression of the lesion, and at necropsy 9 weeks after treatment, there was no arteritis or larvae in those arteries.
Effect of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus immunization on viral shedding in challenge-exposed calves treated with dexamethasone
Authors: Rossi Charles R. , Kiesel George K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves not vaccinated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) became latently infected when challenge exposed and treated with dexamethasone (dm). Calves that shed ibrv after dm treatment were considered to be latently infected. Vaccination with a temperature-sensitive intranasal vaccine or with formalinized ibrv in Freund's complete adjuvant (ibrv-fca) protected some, but not all, calves against latent infection—indicating a role for the immune response in preventing latent infection. That all latently infected calves were not detected after dm treatment was indicated by the fact that after a 2nd dm treatment of 3 calves treated 6 months previously and not found to shed virus, 1 of the calves was latently infected. Latently infected calves were inoculated with successive doses of ibrv-fca and treated with dm. Nonvaccinated calves shed virus, whereas vaccinated calves similarly treated did not shed virus. Because both groups had a comparable cell-mediated immune response, as determined by blastogenic response to ibrv, but the vaccinated group had significantly higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers, a role for humoral antibody in preventing viral shedding was indicated.
Effect of an intramammary polyethylene device in primiparous dairy cows
Authors: Jaster E. H. , Smith A. R. , McPherron T. A. , Pedersen D. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A sterilized polyethylene intramammary device (imd) was inserted through the papillary duct into a front and a rear mammary quarter of 12 primiparous dairy cows, which were mastitis-free. This study was conducted during lactation from month 1 postpartum to completion (generally month 9). After the device was inserted, milk somatic cell counts (scc) increased. Milk scc in the quarters fitted with imd from foremilk, primary, and stripping samples were 5.2, 2.6, and 5.9 × 105 cells/ml, respectively. Comparable counts for control quarters were 2.1, 1.4, and 3.6 × 105 cells/ml. The scc in foremilk from the quarters fitted with the device were 2 to 3 times greater than the counts in foremilk from control quarters during month 2 and subsequent months of lactation. The scc were significantly increased in primary and stripping samples from quarters fitted with imd; however, the scc of 2.6 × 105 cells/ml in primary milk would not affect market milk quality.
Milk production for the lactation was decreased (0.6 kg/quarter/day) in the quarters fitted with imd in comparison with control quarters throughout the lactation. There were no differences in percentages of milk fat or protein between deviced and control quarters.
Conductivity values were increased in foremilk and stripping samples, but not in primary samples, for the quarters with imd. Bovine serum albumin concentrations were also increased.
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in pigs
Authors: Zarkower A. , Eskew M. L. , Scheuchenzuber W. J. , Ferguson F. G. , Confer F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Development of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) was studied in cells obtained from porcine fetal and neonatal tissues. Pulmonary washouts, hepatic tissues, splenic tissues, and neutrophil fractions of blood were sources of cells. Neutrophils from fetuses and newborn pigs had high levels of adcc activity, whereas the cells obtained from the other organs had highest activity shortly after the pig was born; in the case of pulmonary and hepatic cells, activity decreased by 84 hours following birth of the animal. The increased adcc activity in tissues of pigs after birth appeared to coincide with increasing numbers of neutrophils in the various tissues.
Experimentally induced porcine proliferative enteritis in specific-pathogen-free pigs
Authors: Lomax Larry G. , Glock Robert D. , Hogan John E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-three, 10-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups: group 1—intragastrically given homogenized intestinal mucosa (crude inoculum) from pigs with naturally occurring proliferative enteritis; group 2—given cultures of Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis; and group 3—controls. One pig from each group was killed 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, 24, 28, 31, 36, and 38 days after inoculation. The earliest intestinal lesion observed in groups 1 and 2 was leukocytic exudate within crypt lumina and focal inflammation of the surrounding lamina propria. The lesions occurred primarily over ileal aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches). These changes were followed by focal proliferation of immature crypt epithelial cells and infiltration of increasing numbers of macrophages into the lamina propria. Campylobacter splike organisms were observed within the cytoplasm of affected epithelial cells by light and electron microscopies. Lesions progressed to diffuse crypt cell proliferation, elongation of crypts, and loss of villi. Mucosal necrosis was not a prominent feature.
Tissue changes in dogs fed a zinc-deficient ration
Authors: Sanecki R. K. , Corbin J. E. , Forbes R. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six-week-old puppies fed a corn-soy based zinc-deficient diet developed lesions of parakeratosis, mild hyperkeratosis, alterations in germinal epithelium, erosions, ulcerations, vesiculation, alopecia, and inflammation of the skin. These changes were prominent in the skin of dependent regions, in areas of stretch and friction, and external contact. The epithelial lesions were reversible by adding zinc to the diet, with complete remission of external lesions by 6 weeks.
Brain edema and gliopathy induced by 6-an i lonicotinamide intoxication in the central nervous system of rats
Authors: Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Brain edema was produced by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-an) in the rat with accompanying metabolic disturbance due to the accumulation of an antimetabolite of nicotinamide in the cns. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal administration of 6-an, significant (P < 0.01) increases of solium and water in the medulla oblongata were observed. By electron microscopy, the lesion was characterized by swelling of the perivascular neuroglial processes, producing disturbances of the active transport in the cell membrane and increased pisocytosis in the endothelial cells, especially of the arterioles and venules. The metabolic inhibitor was shown to produce not only an increased water and sodium uptake in neuroglias, which is characteristic of cytotoxic brain edema, but also produced protein-rich edema in the extracellular space, ie, vasogenic brain edema. The protein transport in the metabolic disturbance caused by 6-an was traced, using horseradish peroxidase, revealing that it occurred from the vasculature into the extracellular spaces via pinocytotic vesicles due to the change in the cerebrovascular permeability.
Influence of photoperiod on the pregnant and postpartum mare
Authors: Hodge S. L. , Kreider J. L. , Potter G. D. , Harms P. G. , Fleeger J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Over a 2-year period, mares (n = 32) of predominantly Quarter Horse breeding and their foals were used to study the effects of photoperiod on reproduction during the periparturient period. Specific objectives of the study were (i) to evaluate the effects of an extended photoperiod regimen (16 hours' light) on gestation length, foal development, and postpartum reproductive performance, and (ii) to measure changes in plasma progesterone concentrations during the last trimester of gestation and plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) concentrations after foaling until ovulation.
Mares in the extended daylength treatment group had shorter (10 days) mean gestation length (P < 0.01) than did control mares (exposed to normal daylight hours). Although foals of mares exposed to long photoperiod were carried for a shorter term, their birth weights tended to be heavier, but not significantly, than those of foals from control mares. Foal size, as determined by body measurements, was not affected by the photoperiod. Neither interval from parturition to 1st ovulation nor onset of estrus to ovulation were significantly affected by the extended photoperiod. Plasma progestogen concentrations increased from basal levels at prepartum weeks 4 and 5 to peak values a week before foaling in both mare groups. The lh profiles from parturition to ovulation were similar for both mare groups. However, mean plasma lh values during the 7 days before the 1st ovulation were higher (P < 0.05) in mares exposed to extended daylength than in control mares.
Effects of oral and injectable tetracyclines on bacterial drug resistance in feedlot cattle
Authors: Stabler Susan L. , Fagerberg Diane J. , Quarles Carey L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enteric bacteria isolated from feedlot heifers treated with tetracyclines (tet) were examined for resistance to tet and ampicillin. The effects of feeding (45 days) therapeutic and subtherapeutic quantities of chlortetracycline (ctc) and the injection of therapeutic doses of oxytetracycline (3 daily doses) were compared.
Performance data from the 45-day trial did not identify an antibiotic effect on average daily gain, although cattle fed subtherapeutic quantities of ctc showed improved feed efficiency.
Bacterial resistance to tet was increased in the heifers given the therapeutic and subtherapeutic quantities of ctc in the ration. However, an increase in resistance to ampicillin did not occur. Oxytetracycline injections had a shortterm effect, increasing the number of resistant organisms jnly during the week of drug administration.
Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: Partial solubilization of the cross-protection factor(s)
Authors: Brogden K. A. , Rimler R. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A lysate of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida was treated to determine the nature of a cross-protection factor cpf). Complete lysate was treated with proteolytic enzymes and mild heat. Cross protection was not induced with pepsin-treated lysate, but 50% cross protection was induced with trypsin-treated lysate and 100% cross protection was induced in turkeys vaccinated with lysate heated at 56 C or 1 hour. Complete lysate was also fractionated by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. After the lysate was centrifuged for 1 hour at 100,000 × g, the cpf was found in the supernatant and pellet fractions, indicating that the cpf was dispersed throughout; 84% of the lysate protein was in the supernatant and 14.7% of the protein in the pellet. After sucrose density gradient centrifugation, 100% cross protection was induced with the top and bottom gradient fractions and 60% with the middle fraction. Although the differential centrifugation pellet and bottom sucrose gradient fraction had protein that was disproporonately small when compared with the soluble portions of the whole lysate, they had the cpf equal in immunizing capacity.
Model infection of the chicken embryo with Haemophilus somnus
Authors: Nward Jeanne L. , Ward G. E. , Stevens J. B. , Maheswaran S. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis of cattle which is caused by Haemophilus somnus has been difficult to study due, in part, to lack of model infection in a laboratory animal. Model infection was induced in 12-day-old chicken embryos after iv injection of H somnus. Death with typical lesions (hemorrhage, degeneration of brain, congestion of venules with leukocytes and meningitis) was seen in the chicken embryo between 2 and 6 days after injection of organisms. Bacteria could be demonstrated in lesions, using Warthin-Starry silver stain.
Three stable colonial variants of H somnus were cultured from dead embryos. They appeared as small translucent (st), small opaque (so), and large opaque (lo). Lethal dose50 values of st was 4.4 × 104; for so, 3.6 × 104; and for lo, 8 × 106. Statistical analysis indicated that st and so were significantly more lethal (P < 0.001) than lo.