bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary analysis of fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate metabolism
Authors: Michels Paul A. M. , Rigden Daniel J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFructose 2,6‐bisphosphate is a potent metabolic regulator in eukaryotic organisms; it affects the activity of key enzymes of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. The enzymes responsible for its synthesis and hydrolysis, 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase (PFK‐2) and fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase‐2) are present in representatives of all major eukaryotic taxa. Results from a bioinformatics analysis of genome databases suggest that very early in evolution, in a common ancestor of all extant eukaryotes, distinct genes encoding PFK‐2 and FBPase‐2, or related enzymes with broader substrate specificity, fused resulting in a bifunctional enzyme both domains of which had, or later acquired, specificity for fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate. Subsequently, in different phylogenetic lineages duplications of the gene of the bifunctional enzyme occurred, allowing the development of distinct isoenzymes for expression in different tissues, at specific developmental stages or under different nutritional conditions. Independently in different lineages of many unicellular eukaryotes one of the domains of the different PFK‐2/FBPase‐2 isoforms has undergone substitutions of critical catalytic residues, or deletions rendering some enzymes monofunctional. In a considerable number of other unicellular eukaryotes, mainly parasitic organisms, the enzyme seems to have been lost altogether. Besides the catalytic core, the PFK‐2/FBPase‐2 has often N‐ and C‐terminal extensions which show little sequence conservation. The N‐terminal extension in particular can vary considerably in length, and seems to have acquired motifs which, in a lineage‐specific manner, may be responsible for regulation of catalytic activities, by phosphorylation or ligand binding, or for mediating protein‐protein interactions.
IUBMB Life, 58: 133 ‐ 141, 2006
PON1 55/192 polymorphism, oxidative stress, type, prognosis and severity of stroke
Authors: Aydin Makbule , Gencer Mehmet , Cetinkaya Yilmaz , Ozkok Elif , Ozbek Zeynep , Kilic Gamze , Orken Cihat , Tireli Hulya , Kara Ihsan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe investigated the association of PON1 55/192 polymorphisms with type, severity and prognosis of stroke and oxidative markers. Paraoxonase1 (PON1), Glutathione Reductase (GSH‐Rd) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured at day 1 and at day 5 following the onset of stroke. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion. The frequencies of QQ and MM genotypes of PON1 192 and PON1 55, respectively, were significantly higher in controls than in patients. However, the allele frequencies of PON1 192 R and PON1 55 L were significantly more frequent in patients compared to controls. The frequency of combined genotype of RR/LL was significantly higher in cardioembolic group than in atherothrombotic group. PON1 activities were significantly diminished in stroke patients compared to controls. In contrast, serum MDA levels were significantly greater in patients than the values in controls. GSH‐Rd activity was higher in patients with small lesion and good prognosis than those with large and poor prognosis. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in patients with large lesions were higher than those with small lesions. PON1 55/192 polymorphisms influence activity of the enzyme. PON1 55/192 genotypes have been associated with MDA levels. In conclusion, PON1 genetic variations are associated with risk factors, severity, type and prognosis of stroke and oxidative stress.
IUBMB Life, 58: 165 ‐ 172, 2006
Subungual glomus tumor diagnosis based on imaging
Authors: TAKEMURA Noriko , FUJII Norikazu , TANAKA Toshihiro 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTA 50‐year‐old woman had had tenderness of the nail bed of the right thumb for more than 20 years. For the previous 5 or 6 years, she had also had attacks of pain with exposure to cold, and deformity of the right thumb nail plate began to appear. There was red discoloration on the proximal aspect of the nail bed, and a longitudinal fissure on the distal aspect of the nail plate. Ultrasonography showed a well‐circumscribed hypoechoic area under the proximal aspect of the nail plate and the nail matrix. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed subtle flow signals within the hypoechoic area. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well‐circumscribed mass in the same place that the ultrasonography indicated. It was isointense to the dermis of the nail bed on the T1‐weighted image and hyperintense on the T2‐weighted image. Radiography showed subtle dorsal bone erosion in the distal phalanx. Surgery was performed. Histologically, the diagnosis of a subungual glomus tumor was made. We diagnosed the exact location and size of the subungual glomus tumor by preoperative imaging and completely removed it easily and safely. Imaging is very useful for diagnosing tumors of the nail unit.
A case of perforating pilomatricoma
Authors: CIRALIK Harun , COBAN Yusuf Kenan , ARICAN Ozer 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTPilomatricoma is a rare skin neoplasm, most commonly seen in the head and neck region, and occurring in the first two decades of life. It is usually solitary and varies from 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. Its etiology is unknown. Perforating pilomatricoma is a rare clinical variant that presents as a draining, crusted nodule or ulcer, and is reported to arise faster than the classic pilomatricoma. Herein, we report a case of 35‐year‐old female, who had a 4‐month history of a growing mass on her leg. On physical examination, a 4‐cm diameter, asymptomatic, erythematous, ulcerated mass was noted on the left anterio‐lateral upper leg. The first histopathological analysis of a punch biopsy from the lesion was reported as basal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the lesion was totally excised. There were shadow cells, squamoid cells, and basaloid aggregations more prominently in the one area in the tumor. In addition, calcification, foreign body giant cells and inflammatory cells were present. Punch or excisional biopsies are preferred as a method of diagnosis for the majority of cutaneous neoplasms. If total excision is not the method of choice, multiple punch biopsies should be made from different areas in large skin tumors for correct diagnosis.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia affecting the nail bed and underlying bone
Authors: TSUBOI Hiromi , MASUZAWA Mikio , KATSUOKA Kensei 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTA 69‐year‐old Japanese woman had a dark red, 1‐cm nodule located in the nail bed of the middle toe of her right foot. An X‐ray examination revealed an osteolytic lesion of the distal phalanx of the right middle toe. Histopathology showed a proliferation of blood vessels surrounded by epithelioid cells and an infiltration of many eosinophils and some inflammatory cells. There has been no recurrence after surgical excision of the skin lesion and the distal phalanx of the right middle toe.
Circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis: Report of a Korean case and published work review
Authors: LEE Sang Eun , KIM You Chan , KIM Soo‐Chan 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTCircumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis is a rare dermatosis characterized by a solitary, well‐circumscribed patch with scaly borders chiefly on the palm or sole; it usually occurs in middle‐aged or elderly women. We report the case of a 52‐year‐old Korean woman with two characteristic lesions of circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis on the left palm. Clinically, the lesions simulated porokeratosis of Mibelli, but histologically there was no cornoid lamellation in the serial sections and there were the characteristic histopathological features of circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis including a stair‐like configuration with an abrupt thinning of the stratum corneum and a decreased granular layer. We also review the 16 cases of circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis reported in the published work.
Chromosome and sister chromatid exchange studies in Behcet's patients
Authors: OZTAS Sitki , GULLULU Gulay , TATAR Abdulgani , ASTAM Neslihan , AKYOL Ilknur , KARAKUZU Ali , AKTAS Akin , ODABAS Ali Riza 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTBehcet's disease is a chronic multisystemic disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by four major symptoms: oral aphthous ulcers, skin lesions, ocular symptoms and genital ulcerations. The disease is spread throughout the world, but it is most frequent in Turkey, Japan, Korea and China. Although HLA‐Bw51 has been found to predominate in Behcet's cases, the genetic etiology has not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange rates in patients with Behcet's diseases. Thirty‐eight patients with Behcet's disease (diagnosed for the first time) and 30 healthy subjects (as controls) were included in this study. Although numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities were not detected in our patients, we found an increased rate of sister chromatid exchange in patients over the control groups (P < 0.01). On the basis of these results, we discuss the genetic etiology of Behcet's disease.
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome with diffuse facial swelling and multiple cranial nerve palsies
Authors: KHANDPUR Sujay , MALHOTRA Amit Kumar , KHANNA Neena 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual case of Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome presenting as diffuse facial swelling with facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve palsies. A skin biopsy revealed non‐caseating epithelioid cell granulomas throughout the dermis. The disease responded poorly to systemic steroids, antihistamines, antibiotics and potassium iodide.
A mutilating arthropathy, “rhupus hands” associated with multiple synovial cysts in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: HITOMI Katsuhiro , YAMASAKI Osamu , ASAGOE Kenji , IWATSUKI Keiji 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT“Rhupus hands” is a phrase coined to describe one of the deforming arthropathies associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), because the clinical features are indistinguishable from those of rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we report a case of rhupus hands with multiple synovial cysts arising in a 60‐year‐old woman with SLE.
A case of erythrokeratoderma variabilis: Loosened gap junctions in the acanthotic epidermis
Authors: TAMAKI Yukiko , TAMAKI Eiko , SAKAI Rie , TAKAHASHI Kenzo , HORIGUCHI Yuji 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTA 15‐year‐old Japanese female without contributory personal or family medical history had demonstrated irregular, keratotic plaques in the lower extremities since infancy that had been gradually enlarging. The keratotic plaques showed partial erythematous change, which altered shape over a relatively short period, leaving pigmentation. The biopsy specimen taken from the erythematous, keratotic plaque showed typical church‐spire‐like papillomatosis with acanthosis, and thickening of granular and horny layers. Gene analysis targeting connexin 30.3 and 31, based on the diagnosis of erythrokeratoderma variabilis, did not demonstrate any abnormality of these genes. However, ultrastructural observation disclosed an increased amount of gap junctions, some of which showed four layers on high‐powered electron microscopy, suggesting loosened connection of the plasma membrane of the keratinocytes through the gap junctions. This loosened gap junction structure was also observed in a case of lamellar ichthyosis, examined as a reference. The disturbed cell‐to‐cell interaction through latent damage to the gap junctions may be related to the keratotic changes of the epidermis in these skin diseases.
Food‐induced anaphylaxis caused by ingestion of royal jelly
Authors: TAKAHAMA Hideto , SHIMAZU Takekazu 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTWe report a case of food‐induced anaphylaxis caused by ingestion of royal jelly. After taking royal jelly and several other medicinal products, a 33‐year‐old Japanese male developed severe facial pruritus and erythema, followed by vertigo, numbness in his fingers, generalized pruritus, wheals, dyspnea, wheezing and impaired consciousness. He was treated with corticosteroid and fluid therapy, and his symptoms subsided. Upon allergy testing, his only positive reaction was to royal jelly. Given the clinical symptoms and the positive prick test to royal jelly, a diagnosis of anaphylaxis due to the ingestion of royal jelly was made. In this paper, we describe this case and review the relevant published work.
Fibrous hamartoma of infancy manifesting as multiple nodules with hypertrichosis
Authors: YOON Tae Young , KIM June Woo 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTFibrous hamartoma of infancy is a rare benign tumor, which usually occurs within the first year of life. Most cases present as a solitary, painless, skin‐colored subcutaneous nodule; multiple lesions are rarely reported. There have also been a few cases which have showed overlying skin changes, including hypertrichosis and alterations in pigmentation. We report a rare case of fibrous hamartoma of infancy in a 6‐month‐old female who presented as multiple nodules with overlying hypertrichosis on the left buttock. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only two reported cases in the dermatological published work that showed these unusual findings simultaneously.
Identification of p53–46F as a super p53 with an enhanced ability to induce p53‐dependent apoptosis
Authors: Nakamura Yasuyuki , Futamura Manabu , Kamino Hiroki , Yoshida Koji , Nakamura Yusuke , Arakawa Hirofumi 
Published: May 2006

More than half of human cancers contain mutations in the tumor suppressor protein p53, most of which accumulate in the DNA binding domain of the protein. Here we report the identification of a mutant p53, designated p53–46F, in which Ser‐46 is replaced with phenylalanine. In vitro, adenovirus‐mediated transduction of the p53–46F gene induced apoptosis more efficiently than wild‐type p53 in a number of cancer cell lines, whereas Ser‐15 phosphorylation of p53–46F was enhanced in all cancer cell lines examined. Moreover, the expression level of the cell cycle inhibitor p21/WAF1 was decreased in cell lines infected with adenovirus p53–46F (Ad‐p53–46F). p53–46F caused a more enhanced level of transcriptional activation of several p53‐target genes, including Noxa, p53AIP1 and p53RFP, compared with wild‐type p53. In vivo, adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer of p53–46F enhanced apoptosis, thus suppressing tumor growth of a lung cancer cell line more effectively than wild‐type p53 or p53–121F, another p53 mutant. Collectively, our data suggest that p53–46F is an active version of p53 that demonstrates enhanced induction of p53‐dependent apoptosis. This is probably mediated by upregulated transactivation of genes downstream of p53, increased Ser‐15 phosphorylation and a decrease in p21/WAF1 levels. We propose p53–46F as an alternative candidate to wild‐type p53 for use in developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 633–641)
Synthetic small interfering RNA targeting heat shock protein 105 induces apoptosis of various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hosaka Seiji , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Tsukamoto Hirotake , Hatayama Takumi , Baba Hideo , Nishimura Yasuharu 
Published: May 2006

We previously reported that heat shock protein 105 (HSP105), identified by serological analysis of a recombinant cDNA expression library (SEREX) using serum from a pancreatic cancer patient, was overexpressed in various human tumors and in the testis of adult men by immunohistochemical analysis. In the present study, to elucidate the biological function of the HSP105 protein in cancer cells, we first established NIH3T3 cells overexpressing murine HSP105 (NIH3T3‐HSP105). The NIH3T3‐HSP105 cells acquired resistance to apoptosis induced by heat shock or doxorubicin. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated suppression of HSP105 protein expression induced apoptosis in human cancer cells but not in fibroblasts. By a combination of siRNA introduction and doxorubicin or heat shock treatment, apoptosis was induced synergistically in a human colon cancer cell line, HCT116. In vivo, siRNA inoculation into the human gastric cancer cell line KATO‐3 established in the flank of an NOD SCID mouse suppressed the tumor growth. This siRNA‐induced apoptosis was mediated through caspases, but not the p53 tumor suppressor protein, even though the HSP105 protein was bound to wild‐type p53 protein in HCT116 cells. These findings suggest that the constitutive overexpression of HSP105 in cancer cells is involved in malignant transformation by protecting tumor cells from apoptosis. HSP105 may thus be a novel target molecule for cancer therapy and a treatment regimen using synthetic siRNA to suppress the expression of HSP105 protein may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 623–632)
Alternative tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling kinases according to hormone receptor status in breast cancer overexpressing the insulin‐like growth factor receptor type 1
Authors: Ueda Shigeto , Tsuda Hitoshi , Sato Kazuhiko , Takeuchi Hideki , Shigekawa Takashi , Matsubara Osamu , Hiraide Hoshio , Mochizuki Hidetaka 
Published: May 2006

The insulin‐like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF1R) is suggested to play important roles in cancer cell growth through cross‐talk with hormone receptors and growth factor receptors. However, its clinical significance in breast cancers in vivo is still unclear. We examined immunohistochemically the expression of IGF1R, phosphorylated‐AKT (pAKT) and phosphorylated‐ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) using tissue microarray slides containing 150 cases of primary breast carcinoma. Their mutual correlation and correlation with the status of hormone receptors epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 were also investigated. IGF1R overexpression was detected in 71 cases (47%), and was correlated with lower nuclear grade (P = 0.03), positive estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor status (P = 0.002). pERK1/2 expression, detected in 53 cases (35%), was correlated with positive ER (P < 0.0001) and lower nuclear grade (P = 0.014). pAKT expression, detected in 88 cases (59%), was not correlated with nuclear grade, hormone receptors status or other clinical parameters. Of the 71 IGF1R‐overexpressing tumors, pERK1/2 expression was detected in 27 (56%) of 48 ER‐positive cases but in only four (17%) of 23 ER‐negative cases (P = 0.022). In contrast, pAKT expression was constantly (64% or higher) detected irrespective of hormone receptor status in IGF1R‐overexpressing breast cancers. Taken together, these findings suggest that IGF1R overexpression might activate pERK1/2 and pAKT in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer, but activate only pAKT in hormone receptor‐negative breast cancer. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 597–604)
Review article: the clinical pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: SACHS G. , SHIN J. M. , HOWDEN C.W. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryProton pump inhibitors inhibit the gastric H+/K+‐ATPase via covalent binding to cysteine residues of the proton pump. All proton pump inhibitors must undergo acid accumulation in the parietal cell through protonation, followed by activation mediated by a second protonation at the active secretory canaliculus of the parietal cell.The relative ease with which these steps occur with different proton pump inhibitors underlies differences in their rates of activation, which in turn influence the location of covalent binding and the stability of inhibition. Slow activation is associated with binding to a cysteine residue involved in proton transport that is located deep in the membrane. However, this is inaccessible to the endogenous reducing agents responsible for restoring H+/K+‐ATPase activity, favouring a longer duration of gastric acid inhibition. Pantoprazole and tenatoprazole, a novel proton pump inhibitor which has an imidazopyridine ring in place of the benzimidazole moiety found in other proton pump inhibitors, are activated more slowly than other proton pump inhibitors but their inhibition is resistant to reversal. In addition, tenatoprazole has a greatly extended plasma half‐life in comparison with all other proton pump inhibitors.The chemical and pharmacological characteristics of tenatoprazole give it theoretical advantages over benzimidazole‐based proton pump inhibitors that should translate into improved acid control, particularly during the night.
Review article: acid‐related disease – what are the unmet clinical needs?
Authors: KATZ P. O. , SCHEIMAN J. M. , BARKUN A. N. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryProton pump inhibitors have dramatically improved the management options available for patients with acid‐related disorders.In patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, currently available proton pump inhibitors provide an excellent outcome for the majority; however, they do not provide optimal pH control in many. Proton pump inhibitors co‐therapy reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and complications in patients taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, while in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it may be difficult to reach and maintain the current therapeutic target of intragastric pH of 6–7.This article reviews the effectiveness of current antisecretory therapy in these three acid‐related diseases and areas of unmet clinical need. The potential role of a proton pump inhibitor with an extended duration of action and enhanced acid control from a single daily dose, particularly improved control at night, is discussed. Finally, therapy that could be administered without regard to time of day and/or food intake would offer dosing flexibility and thus have a positive effect on patients’ compliance.
Review article: the opportunities and benefits of extended acid suppression
Authors: SCARPIGNATO C. , PELOSINI I. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryAcid suppression therapy with proton pump inhibitors is associated with well‐established benefits in the management of gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GERD) and other acid‐related disorders. However, a number of issues still remain unsettled. Despite their clinical efficacy, when given once daily, currently available proton pump inhibitors may not adequately control intragastric acidity during the night in a significant proportion of both healthy subjects and GERD patients, in whom symptom relief remains suboptimal.Although some novel proton pump inhibitors have been synthesized, only few reached clinical testing. Amongst them, tenatoprazole represents a true advance displaying a long half‐life (five to seven times longer than that of currently available drugs) and extended acid suppression covering both day and night. All the available clinical studies suggest both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages of tenatoprazole over esomeprazole. As this last compound provides – amongst the members of the class – the most effective control of intragastric pH whatever the parameter considered, it is conceivable that tenatoprazole could similarly be better than the other existing proton pump inhibitors.Tenatoprazole appears to be a promising proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of acid‐related diseases, where it has the potential to address unmet clinical needs.