bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
25‐Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Hemodialysis‐Requiring End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Diez Guillermo Javier Rosa , Fassi Juliana , Crucelequi Soledad , Nuñez Hector Rivera , Trillini Matias , Furci Aida , Algranati Salomón , Plantalech Luisa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow vitamin D serum levels represent an additional risk factor for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD)–associated bone disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the summer and winter seasons, as well as to define the associated risk factors, and to establish the link between secondary hyperparathyroidism and circulating 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25 [OH]‐D) serum levels.METHODSSeventy‐eight hemodialysis (HD)–requiring ESRD outpatients living in Buenos Aires, Argentina, age 57.2 ± 2.07 years (21–86 years) were evaluated at the end of summer (SUM) and the end of winter (WIN). Then 25 (OH)‐D, serum calcium (Ca), intact parathormone, ionized Ca (Ca11), phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, C‐reactive protein, and serum albumin were evaluated. The participants were evaluated according to the 25 (OH)‐D levels following KDOQI guidelines. The participants were assigned to 2 groups according to their Karnofsky scores for functional capacity (FC): FC 1–2 (normal physical capacity full‐time to only part‐time) and FC 3–4 (limited capacity only for self care to needs permanent assistance).RESULTSSeasonal variations in 25 (OH)‐D (WIN 18.1 ± 1.15 ng/mL vs. SUM 29.2 ± 1.35 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were verified. Male patients displayed higher 25 (OH)‐D serum levels than female participants (20.3 ± 1.5 ng/mL vs. 15.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL, p < 0.01). We observed (WIN/SUM) vitamin D deficiency in 48.7/11.8%, insufficiency in 41/39.5%, and target levels in 10.3/48.7% of the population. Severe deficiency was not detected. The mean variation in WIN/SUM 25 (OH)‐D level was 11.08 ± 1.04 ng/mL, which correlated with age (r = 20.59, p = 0.02). Patients with FC 3–4 displayed the lowest 25 (OH)‐D levels, and this was associated with older age (70.8 ± 3.12 years vs. 50.4 ± 2.16 years, p < 0.01), severe disease (C‐reactive protein: 22.8 ± 6.26 mg/L vs. 10.2 ± 2.8 mg/L, p = 0.02), and poor nutritional status (albumin: 3.8 ± 0.09 vs. 4.1 ± 0.04, p = 0.0049; creatinine: 7.4 ± 0.4 mg/dL vs. 8.4 ± 0.29 mg/dL, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis with 25 (OH)‐D as the dependent variable demonstrated that both FC and sex independently predicted serum levels of 25 (OH)‐D. No association between intact parathormone and 25 (OH)‐D was detected.CONCLUSIONSFifty percent of the HD‐requiring ESRD patients showed 25 (OH)‐D insufficiency/deficiency. This finding was more frequent in winter. Women and older patients were at higher risk. Those individuals displaying optimal 25 (OH)‐D levels showed better health indicators for HD‐requiring ESRD patients. FC assessed through the Karnofsky score was a useful clinical parameter able to identify patients at risk of 25 (OH)‐D deficiency. In our population, renal disease‐associated secondary hyperparathyroidism did not correlate with vitamin D deficiency.
General expression of outage probability in cooperative networks
Authors: Renk T. , Jaekel H. , Kloeck C. , Jondral F. K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA general expression of outage probability in a wireless relay network with an arbitrary number of relays and selection combining at the destination is derived. This formula is then adopted to independent but not identically distributed channel coefficients and lower and upper bounds are developed. We study two relay schemes: the one‐relay case and the two‐relay case. The latter can further be divided into a two‐phase and a three‐phase transmission scheme which depend on the cooperation among the relays. For all considered cases, outage probabilities in Rayleigh fading environments are derived and analysed and it is demonstrated by numerical simulations that all relay protocols achieve full order of diversity. We further elaborate the impact of relay locations on outage probability. Finally, we discuss the required signal‐to‐noise ratio in order to achieve a predefined outage probability. With respect to the mentioned evaluation metrics the two‐phase relaying scheme achieves by far the best performance, however, with the drawback of increased receiver complexity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Youth violence as adaptation? Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Swisher Raymond R. , Latzman Robert D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue of the journal on the topic of youth violence as adaptation to community violence. Contrary to the predominant perspective that youth violence is a sign of dysfunction or maladaptation, the articles collected here consider whether some youth violence may have positively adaptive consequences in the face of community violence. In addition to reviewing the contributions and limitations of each article, the editors propose a life course/ecological framework for guiding future research. In particular, they call for additional interdisciplinary collaboration and longitudinal research designs that will enable researchers to address many unresolved theoretical and methodological questions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aggressive behavior in response to violence exposure: is it adaptive for middle‐school children?
Authors: Salzinger Suzanne , Rosario Margaret , Feldman Richard S. , Ng‐Mak Daisy S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe role of aggression in adaptation to family and community violence was examined in a sample of 667 inner‐city schoolchildren studied annually over three years in middle school. Regression analyses indicated that the association between Year 1 exposure to family and community violence and Year 2 aggression was mediated by aggression occurring contemporaneously with Year 1 exposure. Cognitive justification of aggression and friends' delinquency made small independent contributions to prediction of Year 2 aggression, delinquency, and externalizing behaviors. Year 2 aggression mediated the association between Year 1 community violence victimization and Year 3 negative adaptation (internalizing problems, anxiety, and depression). Year 2 aggression also mediated the negative association between Year 1 witnessing community violence and Year 3 positive adaptation (self‐esteem). Cognitive justification of aggression and friends' delinquency made independent contributions to Year 3 negative adaptation. The pattern of relations among variables infrequently varied by gender. Implications for intervention are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosocial bases of reactive and proactive aggression: the roles of community violence exposure and heart rate
Authors: Scarpa Angela , Tanaka Akiho , Chiara Haden Sara 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn order to more fully understand how individual differences influence adaptation to violence, this study examined the moderating influence of resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) between community violence (CV) exposure and child reactive/proactive aggression. Forty 7‐13‐year‐old community children self‐reported CV exposure (i.e., victimization, witnessing, or hearing about violence) and were assessed for resting HR and HRV. Parents rated them on reactive/proactive aggression. CV victimization was positively related to proactive aggression only in conditions of low HR, and witnessed CV was positively related to reactive aggression only in conditions of high HRV. Main effects were not found for CV exposure or psychophysiological functioning, suggesting the importance of their interaction. Findings are discussed in terms of HR under‐arousal, emotion dysregulation, fearlessness, and behavioral disinhibition as components that can increase aggression in response to violent contexts. Findings support a biosocial basis for childhood aggression and have implications for prevention and treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A preliminary examination of emotional and cognitive mediators in the relations between violence exposure and violent behaviors in youth
Authors: Allwood Maureen A. , Bell Debora J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study examined the possible mediational roles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and acceptance of violence cognitions in the association between violence exposure and youth violent behaviors. This study also examined whether the strength of the relations between exposure and behavior varied across context of exposure and across sex. Participants were 123 early adolescents from the Midwest. Findings indicate a strong positive association between violence exposure at home and in the community. Regardless of context, violence exposure was significantly related to PTSD symptoms, acceptance of violence cognitions, and violent behaviors in youth. PTSD symptoms and acceptance of violence cognitions were both significant mediators in the exposure—behavior relationship but the associations differed for girls and boys and varied across context of exposure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From the stage to the laboratory: Magicians, psychologists, and the science of illusion
Authors: Lachapelle Sofie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn 1894, French psychologist Alfred Binet published an article on the psychology of conjuring. By observing five magicians perform in his laboratory, he was hoping to gain a better understanding of the psychological processes responsible for inducing illusions in an audience. This article focuses on the subjects of these experiments and their world. It attempts to explain why five men belonging to a profession in which secrecy was vital agreed to enter the laboratory and reveal their tricks. It argues that magicians saw themselves as men of science and that, by entering Binet's laboratory, they were responding to an opportunity to participate in a world to which they wished to belong. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
John Dewey and the savage mind: Uniting anthropological, psychological, and pedagogical thought, 1894–1902
Authors: Fallace Thomas D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn 1902 influential American philosopher John Dewey wrote a short essay on anthropolo‐gists'view of the savage mind, arguing that it had had been unfairly dismissed as inchoate and incapable, when in fact the savage had much to teach scholars about the “present mind.” The ideas presented in Dewey's essay were not only theoretical; they also served as the basis for his entire curriculum his famous laboratory school at the University of Chicago. Thus, the author argues that Dewey's pedagogical thought informed his anthropological thought, and vice versa. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Michael‐Adler report (1933): Criminology under the microscope
Authors: Goff Colin , Geis Gilbert 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper details the responses made by social scientists as well as criminal justice practitioners during 1932 to a study focusing on the status of criminology by the Bureau of Social Hygiene. These responses ultimately led to the publication of the controversial Crime, Law and Social Science (1933), which gave much‐needed direction to the development of criminology. Despite the importance of these responses to the creation of criminological thought, only one (by Edwin H. Sutherland) has previously been published. Examining the responses of all of the individual participants in the project gives a clearer picture of controversies and changes which ultimately occurred as the field of criminology gradually became institutionalized as an academic discipline. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effecting science, affecting medicine: Homosexuality, the Kinsey reports, and the contested boundaries of psychopathology in the United States, 1948–1965
Authors: Chiang Howard Hsueh‐Hao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDespite the well‐documented intensive battle between Alfred Kinsey and American psychiatrists around the mid‐twentieth century, this paper argues that Kinsey's work, in fact, played a significant role in transforming mental health experts' view of homosexuality starting as far back as the late 1940s and extending all the way through the mid‐1960s. After analyzing the way in which Kinsey's work pushed American psychiatrists to re‐evaluate their understanding of homosexuality indirectly through the effort of clinical psychologists, I then focus to a greater extent on examples that illustrate how the Kinsey reports directly influenced members of the psychiatric community. In the conclusion, using a Foucauldian conception of “discourse,” I propose that in order to approach the struggle around the pathological status of homosexuality in the 1950s and the 1960s, thinking in terms of a “politics of knowledge” is more promising than simply in terms of a “politics of diagnosis.” Central to the struggle was not merely the matter of medical diagnosis, but larger issues regarding the production of knowledge at an intersection of science and medicine where the parameters of psychopathology were disputed in the context of mid‐twentieth‐century United States. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of istradefylline in patients with Parkinson's disease on levodopa with motor fluctuations
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Shulman Lisa M. , Trugman Joel M. , Roberts John W. , Mori Akihisa , Ballerini Rocco , Sussman Neil M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of istradefylline 20 mg once daily versus placebo as an adjunct to levodopa in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have motor fluctuations. Istradefylline (KW‐6002) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist that in primate models of PD improves motor function without causing or worsening dyskinesia. This 12‐week, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, Phase 3 study of istradefylline was conducted in subjects experiencing an average daily OFF time of at least 3 hours (116 randomized to istradefylline; 115 to placebo). All were on stable levodopa regimens; 90% were also on stable regimens of other anti‐Parkinson's medications. Istradefylline‐treated subjects had significant placebo‐corrected reductions in daily OFF time from baseline to endpoint: 4.6% (P = 0.03) and 0.7 hours (P = 0.03). For ON time with troublesome dyskinesia, the changes between istradefylline and placebo were not significant. Istradefylline was well tolerated, with 6 (5.2%) istradefylline‐treated and 7 (6.1%) placebo‐treated subjects withdrawing from the study because of adverse events. Dyskinesia, lightheadedness, tremor, constipation, and weight decrease were reported more often with istradefylline than placebo. We conclude that istradefylline is well tolerated and significantly reduces OFF time as an adjunct to levodopa in PD subjects with motor fluctuations. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Psychogenic tremor: Long term prognosis in patients with electrophysiologically‐confirmed disease
Authors: McKeon Andrew , Ahlskog J. Eric , Bower James H. , Josephs Keith A. , Matsumoto Joseph Y. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe describe the presenting features and long‐term outcomes of patients with electrophysiologically‐confirmed psychogenic tremor. Clinical information for all patients with psychogenic tremor confirmed by our Movement Disorders Neurophysiology Laboratory (2003–2004) was reviewed. A follow‐up questionnaire was administered to all included patients in 2007. Psychogenic tremor was documented in 62 patients; 33 responded to the questionnaire (53%). Median onset‐age was 50 years (range, 15–71); 23 were female (70%). Clinical certainty of psychogenic etiology was: definite, 8 (24%); probable, 16 (49%), and possible, 9 (27%). Characteristic electrodiagnostic features of psychogenic tremor were documented in all. All but two patients were ultimately given a definite diagnosis of psychogenic tremor; recommended psychiatric consultation was only done by 12 (36%). Twenty‐one patients (64%) rated tremor disability as moderate or severe after a median follow‐up of 5.1 years (range, 3.3–19). Improvement occurred spontaneously in 5 (15%), and after a specific intervention in 4 (12%), whereas 3 (9%) had mild but unchanged symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms, prior to diagnosis with psychogenic tremor, was significantly shorter for patients with mild or no tremor at follow‐up (P = 0.037). Physiologically‐confirmed psychogenic tremor carries a poor prognosis, with unremitting or worse tremor persisting 3‐years after diagnosis in most. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Determination of metabolite concentrations in human brain tumour biopsy samples using HR‐MAS and ERETIC measurements
Authors: Martínez‐Bisbal M. Carmen , Monleon Daniel , Assemat Olivier , Piotto Martial , Piquer José , Llácer José Luis , Celda Bernardo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAccurate determination of the concentration of the metabolites contained in intact human biopsies of 10 glioblastoma multiforme samples was achieved using one‐dimensional 1H high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) NMR combined with ERETIC™ (electronic reference to in vivo concentrations) measurements. The amount of sample used ranged from 6.8 to 12.9 mg. Metabolite concentrations were measured in each sample using two methods: with DSS (2,2‐dimethyl‐2‐silapentane‐5‐sulfonate sodium salt) as an internal reference and with ERETIC™ as an external electronically generated reference. The ERETIC™ signal was shown to be highly reproducible and did not affect the spectral quality. The concentrations calculated by the ERETIC™ method in model solutions were shown to be independent of the salt concentration in the range typically found in biological samples (0–250 mM). The ERETIC™ method proved to be straightforward to use in tissues and much more robust than the internal standard method. The concentrations calculated using the internal DSS concentration were systematically found to be higher than those determined using the ERETIC™ technique. These results indicate a possible interaction of the DSS molecules with the biopsy sample. Moreover, variations in the sample preparation process, with possible loss of DSS solution, may hamper the quantification process, as happens in one of the ten samples analysed. In this study, the ERETIC™ method was validated on model solutions and used in brain tumour tissues. Calculated metabolite concentrations obtained with the ERETIC™ procedure matched the values determined in the same type of tumours by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro methodologies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autonomic dysregulation in young girls with Rett Syndrome during nighttime in‐home recordings
Authors: Weese‐Mayer Debra E. , Lieske Steven P. , Boothby Christina M. , Kenny Anna S. , Bennett Heather L. , Ramirez Jan‐Marino 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to specifically characterize the autonomic phenotype of cardiorespiratory dysregulation during the nighttime in young girls with MECP2 mutation‐confirmed Rett Syndrome (RS), studied in their home environment. Computerized breath‐to‐breath and beat‐to‐beat characterization of at‐home continuously recorded respiratory inductance plethysmography of chest/abdomen and ECG (VivoMetrics, Inc.) was obtained during overnight recordings in 47 girls with MECP2 mutation‐confirmed RS and 47 age‐, gender‐, and ethnicity‐matched screened controls (ages 2–7 years). We determined that although the breathing and heart rate appear more regular during the night compared to the day, young girls with RS demonstrate apparent nocturnal irregularities. Comparing daytime versus nighttime, breathing was more irregular, with an increased breathing frequency (and irregularity), mean amplitude of respiratory inductance plethysmography sum (AMP)/TI, and heart rate and decreased AMP in girls with RS. Comparing girls with RS versus controls during nighttime recording, breathing was more irregular, with an increased breathing frequency (and irregularity), mean AMP/TI, and heart rate. An increased uncoupling between measures of breathing and heart rate control indicates malregulation in the autonomic nervous system, and is apparent during the day as well as the night. This uncoupling may represent a mechanism that renders the girls with RS more vulnerable to sudden death. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1045–1060. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and stability of high‐spin Aun(n = 2–8) clusters
Authors: Jiang Zhen‐Yi , Hou Yu‐Qing , Lee Kuo‐Hsing , Chu San‐Yan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe structures and relative stability of the maximum‐spin n+1Aun and nAu (n = 2–8) clusters have been determined by density‐functional theory. The structure optimizations and vibrational frequency analysis are performed with the gradient‐corrections of Perdew along with his 1981 local correlation functional, combined with SBKJC effective core potential, augmented in the valence basis set by a set of f functions. We predicted the existence of a number of previously unknown isomers. The energetic and electronic properties of the small high‐spin gold clusters are strongly dependent on sizes. The high‐spin clusters tend to holding three‐dimensional geometry rather than planar form preferred in low‐spin situations. In whole high‐spin Aun (n = 2–8) neutral and cationic species, 5Au4, 2Au, and 4Au are predicted to be of high stability, which can be explained by valence bond theory. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Electron density and its derivatives at the nucleus for spherically confined hydrogen atom
Authors: Montgomery H. E. , Sen K. D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt is shown that the energy of a hydrogen‐like atom confined inside a spherical cavity of radius, R, and potential barrier, V0, is quantitatively defined by the ratio $\left[{\eta_l^{\prime\prime} (0)\over\eta_l(0)}\right]$. Here, the conventional spherical density $\overline\varrho$(r) is scaled as ηl(r) = ${\bar{\varrho} (r)\over r^{2l}}$ and the ratio of the second derivative η(r) to ηl(r) is evaluated at the nucleus. Numerical results of the ratios are presented for 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3d states at several values of V0. For such states, the characteristic radii of confinement leading to the well‐defined values of energy are identified. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Semiempirical electronic structure calculation on Ca and Pb apatites
Authors: Matos Maria , Terra Joice , Ellis D. E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA systematic study is made on the electronic structure of stoichiometric calcium and lead apatites, using the tight binding extended Hückel method (eHT). The aim is to investigate the applicability of the semiempirical theory to study this family of compounds. A10(BO4)6X2 (A = Ca, Pb) apatites, differing by substitutions in the BO4 tetrahedral unit (B = P, As, and V) and X‐channel ion (X = OH, Cl), are considered. The calculations show that eHT is suitable to describe basic properties especially concerning trends with atomic substitution and geometry changes. Band structure, Mulliken charge distribution, and bond orders are in good agreement with results of ab initio density functional theory (DFT) found in the literature. Large variations in the optical gap due to vanadium and lead substitutions are newly found. Changes in the anion X‐channel affect the optical gap, which is in close agreement with DFT results. Analysis involving subnets are performed to determine the role of halogenic orbitals in the electronic structure of chloroapatites, showing evidence of covalent Cl bonding. It was also found that PbOH bonding in hydroxy‐vanadinite Pb10(VO4)6(OH)2, recently synthesized, is weaker than that of CaOH in vanadate Ca10(VO4)6(OH)2. Arsenium is found to be more weakely bound to the O‐tetrahedron than phosphorous, although CaO bond is increased with the substitution. We investigate, in addition, the electronic structure of a model system Ca10(AsO4)6(OH)2, obtained from direct As substitution in the vanadate Ca10(VO4)6(OH)2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009