bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducible cloning assays for in vitro growth of canine hematopoietic progenitor cells and their potential applications in investigative hematotoxicity
Authors: Deldar A. , Lewis H. , Bloom J. , Weiss L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A variety of in vitro cloning assays have been used for studying hematopoiesis in mice and human beings. However, these techniques have had limited use in dogs, a species used extensively as a model for hematopoietic research, particularly hematotoxicity. We have adopted cloning assays for in vitro growth of canine colony-forming unit-erythroid (cfu-e) and colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (cfu-gm) progenitor cells, using modified microplasma clot and soft agar culture systems, respectively. Marrow mononuclear cells separated by density-gradient centrifugation were added to the aforementioned culture systems. Erythroid colonies were stimulated with sheep plasma erythropoietin and incubated at 37 C in 5% CO2 for 2 days. The cfu-e colonies were fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde, stained with benzidine, counted, and expressed as a mean of 8 replicates. The cfu-gm colonies were stimulated with pooled serum from endotoxin-treated dogs and incubated for 8 days at 37 C in 10% CO2. Using an inverted microscope, the cfu-gm colonies were counted and expressed as a mean of 6 replicates. The number of colonies was proportional to the plated cell concentrations. The addition of 10% autologous serum to cfu-gm cultures increased the number of colonies by 80 to 100%, but markedly reduced the size and number of cfu-e colonies. The marrow cloning capacity among dogs of comparable age was similar, and little variation was noticed when bone marrow cells from the same dogs were cultured repeatedly over a period of 3 to 4 months.
We concluded that these cloning assays are fast, reliable, and reproducible and that they allow quantitative determination of canine hematopoietic progenitor cells. The assays may be useful in screening the hematotoxic potential of various therapeutic agents and are particularly suited for studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of drug-induced blood disorders and their reversibility.
Blood supply to the periosteum of the canine tibia
Authors: Cooper Robert C. , Cawley Allan J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was undertaken to determine which arteries supply the periosteum of the normal adult canine tibia. The vessels were found to arise from locations distinct from the muscular vascularization. The venous drainage of the tibial periosteum had a satellite relationship with the arteries. On the surface of the periosteum, the vessels formed rectangular patterns. All surfaces of the distal end of the tibia seemed to have less distinct anastomoses of the transverse periosteal twigs, compared with the proximal end of the tibia.
Serum antibody response to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus-1, and canine distemper virus in dogs with known status of immunization: Study of dogs in Sweden
Authors: Olson Pekka , Klingeborn Berndt , Hedhammar ÅKe 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum antibody titers to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus-1 (cav-1), and canine distemper virus (cdv) were measured in dogs with known immunization status. The dogs represented 3 groups: nonvaccinated dogs < 12 months old; vaccinated dogs < 12 month old; and adult dogs > 12 months old. For practical reasons, the population from which the specimens were obtained could be considered as free from natural infection with cav-1 and cdv.
In nonvaccinated dogs < 12 months old, antibodies against all 3 viruses were measured at the time the dogs were given their first vaccination. Altogether, 50.7% of the dogs had titer ≥ 1:10 to cdv, and 26.1 and 46.2% had titer ≥ 1:8 to cav-1 and cdv, respectively. The concentration of maternal antibody seemed to be of major importance for failure of immunization with use of inactivated cpv vaccine, but not with cav-1 and cdv vaccination.
In dogs < 12 months old and vaccinated against cpv infection with inactivated virus, only 11.5% had titer ≥ 1:80. In dogs vaccinated against infectious canine hepatitis and canine distemper, 63.2 and 78.3%, respectively, had titer ≥ 1:16.
In adult dogs > 2 months old and vaccinated against cpv infection, < 50% had titer ≥ 1:80, regardless of time after vaccination. There was no significant difference in titer between vaccinated and nonvaccinated dogs. Approximately 60% of these dogs had titer ≥ 1:16 to cav-1 at all time intervals after vaccination. There was only a weak correlation between decrease of titers and time; this correlation could be explained by the fact that a proportion of the dogs had been vaccinated with inactivated cav-1 virus. There was, however, no correlation between titer to cdv and time. The percentage of dogs with titer ≥ 1:16 was at least 60%.
Normal ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of canine lacrimal glands
Authors: Martin Charles L. , Munnell John , Kaswan Renee 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lacrimal glands of 12 dogs free of ocular disease were examined to determine the normal structure of these glands. The glands consisted of tubuloacinar cells that ultrastructurally and histochemically were of a single type of secretory cell in the tubules and possibly 3 types of secretory cells in the acini. The tubular epithelium contained homogenous electron-dense granules that stained as neutral glycoconjugates (periodic acid-Schiff positive and Alcian blue and high iron diamine negative). The predominant acinar cells contained granules of lesser electron density than those of the tubules, and stained as sialomucin (Alcian blue [pH 2.5] and periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and high iron diamine-negative). A second type of acinar cell was in peripheral lobules that ultrastructurally and histochemically appeared like lipid granules (positive with oil red O and osmium tetroxide). Ultrastructurally, a third type of acinar granule was finely granular, electron-lucent, and frequently coalesced. It was not readily apparent whether the latter was an artifact, a stage in the maturation of the sialomucin granules, or a third type of acinar granule. Individual acinar cells usually had a predominance of 1 granule type, but > 1 granule type could be found in some cells. The basal surfaces of the acinar, tubular, and ductal cells were incompletely ensheathed by myoepithelial cells. Plasma cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, fat cells, and Schwann cells composed the cellular elements of the interstitium. Lymphocytes, mast cells, and nerve endings also were found in the parenchyma.
Fiber type, fiber size, and capillary geometric features of the semitendinosus muscle in three types of dogs
Authors: Rosenblatt J. David , Kuzon William M. , Pynn Bruce R. , Plyley Michael J. , McKee Nancy H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The fiber type, fiber size, and capillary geometric features were determined from the center of the proximal half of the left and right semitendinosus muscles in 5 mixed-breed dogs, 5 hound-type dogs, and 5 Beagles. There were no significant differences between the left and right muscles of each dog. Comparisons among the 3 groups of dogs revealed that the hound-type dogs had the largest fibers (type I and type II); however, the 3 groups were similar in their fiber-type percentages and their capillary geometric features.
Evaluation of red blood cell fragility in Pygmy goats
Authors: Fairley N. M. , Price G. S. , Meuten D. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Red blood cells from 6 Pygmy goats were determined to be significantly (P < 0.01) more susceptible to osmotic lysis and mechanical stress than were rbc from 6 Toggenburg goats. Differences in rbc size and shape and adenosine 5′-triphosphate concentration between the 2 breeds were not significant. The differences observed in the in vitro tests may be attributable to differences in rbc membrane composition.
Hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and acidosis associated with intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in healthy horses
Authors: Gossett K. A. , McCoy D. J. , Jowett P. L. H. , Kearney M. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nitrofurazone solution containing 0.2% nitrofurazone and 99.8% polyethylene glycol was given to 4 healthy horses (2 L in 2 L of lactated Ringer solution, intraperitoneally). Horses developed hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. These changes were largely attributable to polyethylene glycol, but a contribution of nitrofurazone cannot be excluded. Intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in horses is contraindicated.
Evaluation of three techniques for end-to-end anastomosis of the small colon in horses
Authors: Hanson R. Reid , Nixon Alan J. , Calderwood-Mays Maron , Gronwall R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In an attempt to determine the best method for surgical removal of devitalized small colon lesions, 12 horses underwent a double small colon resection and end-to-end anastomosis. In 4 horses (study 1), an appositional single-layer (app-1) suture pattern was compared with an inverting 2-layer (inv-2) suture pattern. In 8 horses (study 2), an appositional 2-layer (app-2) suture pattern was compared with the inv-2 suture technique. Polydioxanone suture (size 1-0), was used.
Horses were evaluated at necropsy 3, 10, 14, 28, or 56 days after surgery. Postoperative complications (peritonitis, impaction, or excessive adhesions) were encountered in 100, 42, and 13% of the app-1, inv-2, and app-2 anastomoses, respectively.
Postmortem evaluation of the small colon revealed dehiscence of the anastomotic site, diffuse peritonitis, and adhesion formation in 3 of the 4 horses in which the resection line was closed with the app-1 pattern. With the inv-2 and app-2 techniques, more intestinal inversion was present in the nontaenial than in the taenial portion of the small colon. More postoperative impactions were found with the inv-2 (n = 5) anastomoses than with the app-2 (n = 1) technique; this appeared to be the result of excessive tissue inversion. There was no difference in lumen diameter between the inv-2 and the app-2 techniques (P ≥ 0.05). However, horses with unresponsive impactions at the inv-2 site had a smaller luminal diameter compared with the inv-2 anastomoses that did not impact or that impacted and resolved with therapy (P ≤ 0.001). Difference in adhesion formation between the inv-2 and the app-2 techniques was minimal.
Bursting pressure studies (7 app-2, 7 inv-2, and 14 control) were performed in study 2. All segments consistently burst away from the anastomotic site along the mesenteric or antimesenteric taenial band. Differences in bursting pressure (P ≥ 0.05) were not evident between the 2 groups.
Histologic evaluation revealed the app-1 pattern had no intestinal inversion. However, a wide full-thickness deposition of dense fibrous connective tissue in the submucosal and muscular layer was evident. The inv-2 and the app-2 patterns had pronounced inversion of the anastomotic layers along the nontaenial portion of the anastomoses, with minimal deposition of fibrous connective tissue between the anastomotic layers. The inversion formed a protruding ridge into the lumen that was more pronounced in the inv-2 than in the app-2 anastomoses. At 28 days, the inverted tissues were held firmly together by maturing fibrous connective tissue that was covered by a mucosal layer. The inverted tissues were as pronounced at 56 days as they were at 3 days. In light of these findings, we concluded that an app-2 pattern was the preferred surgical technique.
Cloning and characterization of a genomic probe for malignant catarrhal fever virus
Authors: Shih Liu-Mei , Irving John M. , Zee Yuan Chung , Pritchett Randall F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A genomic probe specific for malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) virus was cloned by using purified viral dna from mcf-virus strain WCll. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the purified viral dna was used to identify the cloned viral genomic fragment. Dot blot hybridization by use of the genomic probe (pRP-5) indicated that the probe hybridized specifically with WCll-mcf virus, as well as with one other isolate of mcf-associated herpesvirus. Hybridization also was observed to a non-mcf virus strain of bovine herpesvirus.
Isolation and identification of mycoplasmas from the nasal cavity of sheep
Authors: Brogden K. A. , Rose D. , Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. , Tully J. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycoplasmas isolated from the nasal cavity of sheep in a ram test station were examined to determine their identity and prevalence. Specimens were obtained for mycoplasmal culture in 1980, 1982, and 1983 from 558 sheep, and mycoplasmas were isolated from 630 specimens from 320 sheep (57.3%). The isolates were characterized and differentiated into groups on the basis of sensitivity to digitonin, fermentation of glucose, and hydrolysis of arginine. Isolates in some groups were further characterized by use of additional diagnostic media, and their identity was confirmed by agglutination or growth inhibition with antiserum prepared from reference mycoplasmas. Of the 320 sheep with mycoplasmas, 293 had Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, 12 had M arginini, and 1 had M capricolum. Two sheep had Acholeplasma spp, and 3 sheep had unidentified Mycoplasma spp. The remaining 9 sheep had M ovipneumoniae in combination with Acholeplasma spp (n = 3), M arginini (n = 3), M capricolum (n = 2), and an unidentified Mycoplasma spp (n = 1). The biochemical reactions of the M ovipneumoniae from the 293 sheep were similar, but varied in the degree of growth and fermentation in the basal medium containing glucose. The high prevalence of M ovipneumoniae indicated that it may be commensal in the upper respiratory tract of healthy sheep.
Identification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in formalin-fixed porcine lung, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method
Authors: Doster Alan R. , Lin Boh Chang 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique was evaluated for detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded porcine lung. Lungs from swine with induced (n = 4) or naturally occurring M hyopneumoniae infection (n = 31) were examined grossly, by light and immunofluorescent microscopy, and by an indirect immunoperoxidase test, using antibody raised in swine against M hyopneumoniae as the primary antibody. Organisms stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method were identified in tissue sections as pleomorphic brown-staining structures corresponding to those observed with immunofluorescence. Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, M hyorhinis, and Acholeplasma laidlawii did not stain with the indirect immunoperoxidase method, using antibody raised against M hyopneumoniae.
Disease features in horses with induced equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever)
Authors: Dutta S. K. , Penney B. E. , Myrup A. C. , Robl M. G. , Rice R. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-five horses were inoculated iv and/or sc with materials containing Ehrlichia risticii, ie, infected whole blood, bufly coat cells, or cell culture, to study clinical and hematologic features of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever). Major clinical and hematologic features of induced E risticii infection were biphasic increase in rectal temperature with peak increases of 38.9 C and 39.3 C on postinoculation days (pid) 5 and 12, respectively; depression; anorexia; decreased wbc count (maximal decrease of 47% on pid 12); and diarrhea from pid 14 to pid 18. Increased wbc count was an inconsistent feature, with a maximal increase of 51.5% on pid 20. During times of decreased and increased wbc counts, lymphocyte/neutro-phil ratios remained fairly constant. However, not all horses had all clinical and hematologic features, and these features were present in different degrees among horses. Increased rectal temperature, depression, anorexia, and decreased wbc count were more consistent features, whereas diarrhea developed in 73% of the horses. Of 55 horses, 39 (71%) had all clinical and hematologic features of the disease (classic disease), whereas 16 (29%) horses did not have ≥ 1 of these features (nonclassic disease). The E risticii titer in the blood (ehrlichemia) was maximum during the peak increase in rectal temperature. In 55 horses, mortality was 9%. Significant differences (P > 0.5) in clinical and hematologic features were not detected between horses that survived and those that died of E risticii infection.
Comparison and partial characterization of the protein profiles and outer membrane antigens of Actinobacillus species isolated from ram lambs with epididymitis
Authors: Healey Mark C. , Hwang Hank H. , Kleinschuster Stephen J. , Johnston Alice V. , Symons Kall S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three monoclonal antibodies (LG17, LG30, LG33) were used in the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the elisa, and the immunoelectrotransfer blot technique to identify group-specific and strain-specific epitopes on the outer membranes of Actinobacillus seminis, A actinomycetemcomitans, and 17 field isolates of Actinobacillus spp. The field isolates had been obtained by bacteriologic culture of specimens from ram lambs with epididymitis. Only antibody LG33 consistently had specificity for an outer membrane epitope shared by most of the bacterial isolates tested. Staining of polyacrylamide gels with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, Sudan black B, and Coomassie brilliant blue R250 indicated that target antigens for antibodies LG17 and LG33 contained carbohydrate and lipoprotein components, respectively. The chemical composition of the LG30 target antigen was not determined because of its instability after exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Discontinuous-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and spectrophotometric scans of the gels were used to analyze n-octyl-β-d-gluco-pyranoside protein extracts from A seminis, A actinomycetemcomitans, and 13 representative field isolates of Actinobacillus spp. Bacterial isolates could be grouped according to their protein profiles. The first group consisted of A seminis, A actinomycetemcomitans, and 7 field isolates of Actinobacillus spp, all of which shared common protein bands with molecular masses of approximately 94 kilodaltons (kD), 64 kD, 60 kD, 52 kD, 44 kD, and 26 kD. The second group was composed of 6 field isolates, each with unique protein profiles; isolates had relatively few protein bands in common. These data suggested that members of the genus Actinobacillus cultured from ram lambs with epididymitis probably include a number of various strains.
Isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning of cryptic plasmids isolated from Edwardsiella ictaluri
Authors: Newton Joseph C. , Bird R. Curtis , Blevins Willard T. , Wilt Gerald R. , Wolfe Lauren G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-five isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri were examined for the presence of plasmid dna by a rapid alkaline extraction procedure. All 49 isolates from channel catfish and a single isolate from Bengal danio carried 2 plasmids with molecular masses of approximately 3.2 and 3.7 megadaltons (Mdal). Five E ictaluri isolates from other fish contained 1 to 3 plasmids, which had molecular masses ranging from 2.5 to 45 Mdal. The 2 plasmids (3.2 and 3.7 Mdal) from the type strain of E ictaluri (ATCC 33202) were ligated into pUC19 cloning vectors, and restriction endonuclease maps of each insert were prepared.
Use of immunohistochemical methods for diagnosis of equine pythiosis
Authors: Brown Corrie C. , McClure Jill J. , Triche Patricia , Crowder Cheryl 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Excisional biopsy specimens were received from 8 horses with lesions suspected of being caused by Pythium sp. Pythium sp was isolated from all specimens. An indirect peroxidase technique was applied to formalin-fixed tissues from the biopsy material and there was distinct staining of hyphal cell walls in all specimens. Sections containing hyphae, other than those of Pythium sp, failed to stain. The indirect peroxidase technique could be used for confirmation of suspected cases of pythiosis.
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus proteins recognized by antibodies of aerosol-exposed calves
Authors: Toth Thomas E. , Frank Glynn H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine parainfluenza-3 (bpi-3) virus proteins were radiolabeled with [35S]methionine. Control serum containing antibodies to bpi-3 virus obtained from calves that had been immunized by aerosol exposure and by im inoculation and sera of cattle that were exposed to bpi-3 virus by aerosol only were used to immunoprecipitate bpi-3 virus proteins. The immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Viral proteins with estimated molecular weights of 72,000, 70,000, and 58,000 were recognized by the control serum and the sera from calves exposed to bpi-3 virus only by aerosol. These proteins were the hemagglutinin/ neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, and fusion protein. The results indicated that a single aerosol exposure to bpi-3 virus induces antibodies to the same bpi-3 virus proteins as do combined aerosol and parenteral inoculations with the virus.
Serologic evidence for the etiologic role of Chuzan virus in an epizootic of congenital abnormalities with hydranencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome of calves in Japan
Authors: Goto Yoshiyuki , Miura Yasuo , Kono Yuji 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An epizootic of congenital abnormalities of calves was observed in the Kyushu district of Japan from November 1985 through April 1986. The main clinical signs of the disease were impairment of mobility and signs of impairment of the nervous system. Opisthotonos was pronounced, and almost all calves were unable to suckle by themselves. The main macroscopic pathologic changes were hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. Although an etiologic agent was not isolated from the calves, serotest results of precolostral serum samples indicated that 128 of 139 (92%) abnormal calves had antibody for Chuzan virus, a new virus belonging to the Palyam subgroup of the Orbivirus genus; 34 healthy calves in the epizootiologic area did not have antibody for the virus. The presence of Chuzan virus in Kyushu in 1985 was confirmed serologically.
A rostrocaudal gradient for neurotransmitter metabolites and a caudorostral gradient for protein in canine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Vaughn Dana M. , Coleman Elaine , Simpson Stephen T. , Whitmer Bill , Satjawatcharaphong Chiradath 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neurotransmitter metabolites (dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [dopac], homovanillic acid [hva], and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid [5-hiaa]) in csf of 10 healthy dogs were evaluated with reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Neurotransmitter metabolite concentrations determined in csf collected from the cisterna magna were compared with those values in csf collected from the lumbar dorsal subarachnoid space. Amounts of dopac (P = 0.0444), hva (P = 0.0001), and 5-hiaa (P = 0.0316) were significantly lower in lumbar spinal fluid compared with those values in the cervical spinal fluid. Metabolite concentrations in cervical and lumbar csf were: dopac = 2.81 ± 0.73 ng/ml of csf and 1.28 ± 0.57 ng/ml; hva = 98.29 ± 12.42 ng/ml and 4.68 ± 1.61 ng/ml; and 5-hiaa = 46.29 ± 8.17 ng/ml and 36.96 ± 4.07 ng/ml, respectively. Cytologic evaluations of cervical and lumbar csf revealed a similar concentration of 3 ± 1 wbc/μl in both fluids. A significant (P = 0.0002) difference in protein concentration between the 2 regions was observed, with 16.1 ± 1.8 mg of protein/dl in the cervical csf and 27.2 ± 2.3 mg of protein/dl in the lumbar csf. Between the cisterna magna and lumbar dorsal subarachnoid space of dogs, a rostrocaudal gradient existed for neurotransmitter metabolites, and a caudorostral gradient existed for protein.