bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness and Consistency of an Online Artificial Intelligence System’s Response to Common Questions Regarding Cervical Fusion
Authors: Miller Mark , DiCiurcio William T. , Meade Matthew , Buchan Levi , Gleimer Jeffrey , Woods Barrett , Kepler Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Study Design:
Prospective survey study.

Objective:
To address a gap that exists concerning ChatGPT’s ability to respond to various types of questions regarding cervical surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning have been creating great change in the landscape of scientific research. Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT), an online AI language model, has emerged as a powerful tool in clinical medicine and surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated appropriate and reliable responses from ChatGPT concerning patient questions regarding total joint arthroplasty, distal radius fractures, and lumbar laminectomy. However, there is a gap that exists in examining how accurate and reliable ChatGPT responses are to common questions related to cervical surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty questions regarding cervical surgery were presented to the online ChatGPT-3.5 web application 3 separate times, creating 60 responses. Responses were then analyzed by 3 fellowship-trained spine surgeons across 2 institutions using a modified Global Quality Scale (1–5 rating) to evaluate accuracy and utility. Descriptive statistics were reported based on responses, and intraclass correlation coefficients were then calculated to assess the consistency of response quality.

Results:
Out of all questions proposed to the AI platform, the average score was 3.17 (95% CI, 2.92, 3.42), with 66.7% of responses being recorded to be of at least “moderate” quality by 1 reviewer. Nine (45%) questions yielded responses that were graded at least “moderate” quality by all 3 reviewers. The test-retest reliability was poor with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated as 0.0941 (−0.222, 0.135).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that ChatGPT can answer common patient questions concerning cervical surgery with moderate quality during the majority of responses. Further research within AI is necessary to increase response.
Hemorrhagic Descemet Membrane Detachment after Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy
Authors: Mirza Gunsu Deniz , Mirza Enver 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To report a rare case of hemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment (DMD) after Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) and to discuss its management.

Methods:
A 71-year-old male patient with advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and dense cataract was planned to perform combined GATT and cataract extraction. DMD was noticed after blood reflux from Schlemm’s canal during GATT. Circumferential ab-interno trabeculotomy was completed and DMD was reattached with air tamponade. Cataract extraction was postponed to prevent progression of DMD.

Results:
Hemorrhagic DMD was monitored during a 3-month follow-up. Spontaneous resorption was not observed. A side port incision was made at the site of hemorrhagic DMD during cataract extraction. The space upon DM was washed out with a balanced salt solution to allow drainage of the hemorrhage and an air bubble was left in the anterior chamber. On the first postoperative day after cataract extraction, DM was observed to be attached and the hemorrhage had disappeared completely.

Conclusions:
Hemorrhagic DMD is an unusual complication after GATT and it may be challenging to manage. Surgeons who perform GATT should be aware of this rare corneal complication.
A Survey of Program Directors on Procedural Competence and Volume in the US Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowships
Authors: Josan Enambir , Pastis Nicholas , Peng Jing , Ma Jianing , Mahmood Kamran , Danckers Mauricio , Ghattas Christian , Revelo Alberto , Pannu Jasleen 
Published: February 2025

Background:
In the United States, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) fellowship training traditionally requires performing a minimum number of bronchoscopy and pleural procedures to be deemed competent. However, expert panel recommendations favor assessments based on skill and knowledge. PCCM trainees have a variable exposure to the advanced procedures in the presence of interventional pulmonary (IP) fellowships, so we surveyed the PCCM program directors (PD) across the United States to assess the procedural volume and competency of their fellows.

Methods:
Survey invitations were emailed between April 2022 and May 2022, and responses were collected from PCCM fellowship programs. The PD assessed the competency and volume of procedures performed by PCCM fellows at the end of training. The primary objective was to determine the effect of IP fellowship or IP faculty on fellows’ procedural competency. The secondary objective was to assess the same impact on procedural volume.

Results:
The survey response rate was 41.9% (n=109/260) with an average of 4.23 fellows/program (95% CI: 3.9-4.6). 74.5% (73/98) programs reported having access to IP faculty, while 26.5% (26/98) had an AABIP-accredited IP fellowship. No significant difference was noted for procedural competency or volume in programs with or without an IP fellowship or IP faculty during training. Most programs reported that PCCM fellows do not perform advanced bronchoscopy procedures.

Conclusion:
An IP fellowship or IP faculty at a PCCM training institution did not appear to influence the PD-assessed volume or competency of common bronchoscopy and pleural procedures performed by fellows.
The Use of External Anchors When Examining Differences in Scale Performance in Patient Experience Surveys
Authors: Abel Gary A. , Hays Ron D. , Campbell John L. , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To present an example of using vignettes as an external anchor to assess measurement equivalence for patient experience measures.

Background:
Evaluating measurement equivalence and differences in scale use is helpful for identifying disparities in patient experience based on patient surveys. External anchors, often in the form of scored vignettes, provide an attractive approach to examining differences in scale use but are not commonly used.

Methods:
We analyzed a UK dataset based on the General Practice Patient Survey and a U.S. dataset based on the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group survey. A total of 560 White British and 560 Pakistani adults were recruited from various locations across England; 575 Asian American and 505 non-Hispanic White patients were recruited from an internet panel in the United States. Patient encounters and rated the quality of communication using 5 General Practice Patient Survey questions and 3 Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group questions.

Results:
Using an external anchor in both United States and UK data produced substantial evidence of differential item functioning (DIF). However, an “internal” DIF analysis (without an external anchor) produced little evidence of DIF.

Conclusions:
Using an external anchor does not require the assumption made by internal methods that some items do not display between-group DIF. These assumptions may not hold for patient experience items if a single factor, such as extreme or negative response tendency, governs all items equally.
Association between prehospital tranexamic acid and cerebral edema in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: McKinley William Ian , Lazaridis Christos , Mansour Ali , Hoefer Lea , Polcari Ann , Benjamin Andrew , Schreiber Martin , Rowell Susan E. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) when given within 2 hours of injury. Although TXA is an antifibrinolytic, most studies have observed no difference in ICH progression; recent studies suggest that TXA may reduce cerebral edema in TBI. Our objective was to determine if prehospital TXA administered within 2 hours of injury is associated with surrogates of cerebral edema in patients with moderate or severe TBI.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of a multinational prehospital trial of TXA administered within 2 hours of injury in patients with moderate or severe TBI. Patients with prehospital Glasgow Coma Scale score of <13 and systolic blood pressure of >90 mm Hg were randomized to placebo, 2-g TXA bolus, or 1-g TXA bolus followed by 1 g 8-hour TXA infusion. Patients who received an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor were selected for analysis. Baseline demographic, injury severity, and infusion characteristics were compared between TXA dosing cohorts. Proportion of hours spent with ICP of >20 mm Hg, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of <60 mm Hg, and need for craniectomy were compared between groups.

RESULTS
A total of 108 patients with ICP monitors made up the study population (placebo, n = 31; 1 g + 1 g, n = 38; 2-g bolus, n = 39). No differences were identified in age, sex, Abbreviated Injury Scale head, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, crystalloid and blood product infused in first 24 hours, Marshall score, ICH, or mortality between the three treatment arms. No differences in proportions of hours in which ICP of >20 mm Hg or CPP of <60 mm Hg were identified between treatment arms; rate of craniectomy was also similar.

CONCLUSION
No association could be identified between TXA treatment and ICP elevation, CPP depression, or need for craniectomy. These results question TXA's potential impact on cerebral edema. Further study is needed to confirm this finding based on the exploratory nature and limited number of subjects in this study.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
The consequences of parental injury: Impacts on children’s health care utilization and financial barriers to care
Authors: Mahajan Arnav , Kamojjala Ruchika , Ilkhani Saba , Curry Caleb W. , Halkiadakis Penelope , Ladha Prerna , Simpson Megen , Sweeney Sarah A. , Ho Vanessa P. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Unintentional traumatic injuries pose a significant public health challenge, impacting not only injured individuals but also their families. Existing research has largely focused on the effects of a child's injury on their family, with limited attention to the consequences of parental injury on children's health. This study aims to explore the consequences of unintentional parental injury on children's health outcomes, health care utilization, and socioeconomic barriers to care.

METHODS
We utilized data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for 2020, 2021, and 2023, creating parent-child dyads where the parent was injured. Injury was defined by a positive response to experiencing an injury and seeking medical consultation after. Children aged 5 years to 17 years and their parents were included. Three outcome domains were examined: health outcomes, health care utilization, and socioeconomic health impacts. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the impact of parental injury on these outcomes.

RESULTS
We identified 414 (weighted = 1,338,068) injured parent-child dyads and 10,352 noninjured dyads. Children of injured parents had higher odds of being diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/attention-deficit disorder (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–2.40; p = 0.005), higher Washington Group Composite Disability Scores (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.25–2.47; p = 0.001), and increased injury odds (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.58–3.28; p < 0.001). They also showed higher rates of urgent care visits, with significantly higher emergency department visits (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02–2.13; p = 0.03). Financial toxicity was significant, with increased odds of delaying (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.14–5.40; p = 0.03) or avoiding care (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.06–7.76; p = 0.02) due to cost.

CONCLUSION
This study highlights the broad-reaching impact of parental injury on children, including worse health outcomes, increased health care utilization, and significant financial barriers. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive trauma care that addresses the holistic needs of families, incorporating strategies to mitigate both health and socioeconomic challenges.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/Epidemiological; Level II.
SEEG in 2025: progress and pending challenges in stereotaxy methods, biomarkers and radiofrequency thermocoagulation
Authors: Ryvlin Philippe 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Technological innovations and clinical research in SEEG have dramatically increased with its worldwide dissemination. In this review, we summarize the main advances in the field from the last 5 years.

Recent findings
Several large series and meta-analyses have provided consistent data regarding a lower risk of serious complications with SEEG as compared to sub-dural grids, while some studies also suggest a greater diagnostic value. The safety and precision of SEEG partly depends on the type of vascular imaging and method of implantation, with some series suggesting that MR angiography might not provide an optimal delineation of electrode–vessel conflicts and that frameless stereotaxy lacks precision. Noninvasive frame coupled with robot-guided implantation might offer the best precision/invasiveness tradeoff. Small series suggest that SEEG can be safely performed from the age of 16 months, and that adding electrodes during SEEG often prove beneficial. Transhemispheric electrodes targeting the mesial frontal structures, bilaterally, proved safe and informative. Several interictal and ictal biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone have been investigated. Although high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) remain a biomarker of interest, a randomized controlled trial failed to demonstrate its diagnostic value against spikes. Furthermore, other interictal biomarkers proved to better correlate with the epileptogenic zone than HFOs rate, including spike-gamma and spike-ripples. Ictal biomarkers of interest include the so-called chirp and epileptogenic zone fingerprint. Overall, recent data suggest that high-frequency activities are not a mandatory feature of interictal and ictal biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) performed during SEEG investigation have also progressed, with some authors reporting spectacular rates of seizure freedom in patients with localized epileptogenic lesion but also mesial temporal sclerosis. However, a systematic assessment of memory and mental health demonstrated the presence of altered memory and psychiatric complications in a significant proportion of mesial temporal lobe RFTC.

Summary
Progress has been made in the technology and methods used to perform SEEG and RFTC, with the view to increase safety and effectiveness. Several interictal and ictal biomarkers appear promising but still face challenges in their validation and implementation in clinical practice. Future research requires harmonization in the concepts of the seizure onset and epileptogenic zones, and prospective pathology-specific studies.
Melanoma cells suppress mast cell growth via a melanin-dependent mechanism
Authors: Rabelo Melo Fabio , Nyman Lea , Menander Ida Österman , Grujic Mirjana , Pejler Gunnar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMast cells (MCs) have a well-established detrimental role in allergic conditions, but they can also impact on diverse malignant conditions, including melanoma. To study the latter, previous studies have mainly evaluated how MCs can influence melanomas/melanoma cells. However, the inverse scenario, i.e., whether melanoma/melanoma cells might impact on MCs has received less attention. Here we investigated this issue and show that melanoma cell-conditioned medium had a strong growth-inhibitory impact on MCs, which was attributed to inhibition of MC proliferation combined with induction of apoptosis. Further, our data indicate that such effects were attributable to melanin present in the melanoma cell-conditioned medium, as similar anti-proliferative effects were seen in response to both free melanin and to melanocores enriched from melanoma-conditioned medium. Melanin did not reduce the expression of MC markers, but was shown to impair MC activation. We also demonstrate that melanin is taken up by MCs, both in cultured MCs andin vivoin melanoma tumors, and it was observed that melanin, after uptake, can be found in the MC nucleus. Further, we show that melanin had marked effects on the nuclear morphology in MCs accompanied by clipping of core histone 3, and it is demonstrated that these events were dependent on translocation of tryptase, a granule-localized protease, into the MC nucleus. Tryptase was also shown to affect the mechanism of melanin-induced cell death. Altogether, the present study outlines a novel mechanism by which melanoma cells can suppress MC function, potentially representing an immunosuppressive mechanism that may influence tumor growth.
The need for speed: ultra-rapid high-resolution outbreak analysis in a front-line hospital microbiology laboratory
Authors: Bloomfield Max , Bakker Sarah , Burton Megan , Dyet Kristin , Eustace Alexandra , Hutton Samantha , Jeram Jamaal , Macartney-Coxson Donia , Winter David J. , White Rhys T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMany hospital laboratories have technical capacity to perform whole-genome sequencing but lack bioinformatic expertise to analyse sequence data. Sending isolates to reference laboratories creates delays that can be highly detrimental to outbreak responses. The Wellington Regional Hospital laboratory, which lacks on-site bioinformaticians, implemented real-time nanopore-based genomic surveillance that has detected several hospital outbreaks at an early stage. This has required off-site analysis, often taking weeks. Solu Genomics, a cloud-based automated bioinformatic platform, requires no bioinformatic or command-line expertise and accepts basecalled sequence files or genome assemblies. This study aimed to use Solu to replicate the analysis of two prior neonatal unit outbreaks detected by on-site genomic surveillance, as if they had occurred now, and compare the output to ‘manual’ bioinformatic analysis. Surveillance isolates that had been sequenced up until the beginning of each outbreak were loaded into Solu to replicate the background genomic data available when each outbreak occurred. The 13 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and seven Klebsiella variicola outbreak isolates were then uploaded. Including upload time, each Solu analysis was completed in under 40 minutes. The phylogenetic trees generated showed distinct clustering of outbreak isolates, with overall tree topologies similar to the manual analyses. Median pairwise single-nucleotide variant distances were 12 (range 4-27) and 6 (range 1-11) for the MRSA and K. variicola outbreaks, respectively, versus 6 (range 0-14) and 18 (range 0-54) for the manual analyses. This study demonstrates that Solu Genomics can provide high-resolution, actionable outbreak analysis within minutes, without the need for bioinformatic expertise.ImportanceOutbreaks in healthcare settings present serious risks to patient safety and can disrupt healthcare delivery. Timely and precise detection of these outbreaks is essential for effective infection prevention and control as well as reducing patient harm and service disruptions. This study emphasises the value of an intuitive cloud-based bioinformatics platform, in overcoming a key obstacle to the widespread adoption of whole-genome sequencing in hospital laboratories: bioinformatic analyses. Our research highlights the practicality of real-time genomic monitoring in local laboratories by showing that a non-specialist platform can produce results that complement and align with manual analyses while offering significant time savings. This approach can accelerate the detection and subsequent control of outbreaks caused by organisms like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella variicola, ultimately improving patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.
Genetic parallels in biomineralization of the calcareous spongeSycon ciliatumand stony corals
Authors: Voigt Oliver , Wilde Magdalena V. , Fröhlich Thomas , Fradusco Benedetta , Vargas Sergio , Wörheide Gert 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rapid emergence of mineralized structures in diverse animal groups during the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods likely resulted from modifications of pre-adapted biomineralization genes inherited from a common ancestor. As the oldest extant phylum with mineralized structures, sponges are key to understanding animal biomineralization. Yet, the biomineralization process in sponges, particularly in forming spicules, is not well-understood. To address this, we conducted transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic analyses on the calcareous spongeSycon ciliatum, supplemented by in situ hybridization. We identified 829 genes overexpressed in regions of increased calcite spicule formation, including 17 calcarins—proteins analogous to corals’ galaxins localized in the spicule matrix and expressed in sclerocytes. Their expression varied temporally and spatially, specific to certain spicule types, indicating that fine-tuned gene regulation is crucial for biomineralization control. Similar subtle expression changes are also relevant in stony coral biomineralization. Tandem gene arrangements and expression changes suggest that gene duplication and neofunctionalization have significantly shapedSycon ciliatum’s biomineralization, similar to that in corals. These findings suggest a parallel evolution of carbonate biomineralization in the calciticSycon ciliatumand aragonitic corals, exemplifying the evolution of mechanisms crucial for animals to act as ecosystem engineers and form reef structures.
Predicting 30 Days Hospital Readmission for Heart Failure patients using word embeddings
Authors: Shakya Prabin R. , Khaneja Ayush , Wagholikar Kavishwar B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeart Failure (HF) is a public health concern with a wider impact on quality of life and cost of care. One of the major challenges in HF is the higher rate of unplanned readmissions and sub-optimal performance of models to predict the readmissions. Hence, in this study, we implemented embeddings-based approaches to generate features for improving model performance. Specifically, we compared three embedding approaches including word2vec on terminology codes and CUIs, and BERT on concept descriptions with baseline (one hot-encoding). We found that the embedding approaches significantly improved the performance of the prediction models, and word2vec on the study dataset outperformed pre-trained BERT model.