bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting plasma bile acid concentrations in Asian vegetarians, Caucasian vegetarians and Caucasian omnivores
Authors: Costarelli Vassiliki , Sanders Tom , Reddy Sheela 
Published: July 2006

PurposeDifferences in faecal bile acid excretion have been reported between vegetarians and meat‐eaters. The purpose of this study is to compare fasting plasma bile acid concentrations in Asian vegetarians, white vegetarians and white meat‐eaters.Design/methodology/approachA human experimental study comparing fasting plasma bile acid concentrations in Asian vegetarians, white vegetarians and white meateaters. Three groups of premenopausal women have been recruited: Caucasian omnivores (n  =  19), Caucasian Vegetarians (n  =  16) and Asian vegetarians (n  =  17). Fasting plasma bile acid concentrations were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography.FindingsAlthough faecal bile acid concentrations were lower in the Caucasian vegetarians than in the omnivores, fasting plasma bile acid concentrations did not differ.Originality/valueThe present results indicate that fasting levels of plasma bile acids in premenopausal women do not necessarily reflect faecal bile acid concentrations.
Effects of chemical and plant based coagulants on yield and some quality attributes of tofu
Authors: Omueti Olusola , Jaiyeola Olayinka 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study seeks to investigate the comparative effects of local and imported coagulants on tofu yield and quality.Design/methodology/approachSoymilk was extracted from soybean variety, TGX‐923‐24 using cold water extraction method. The milk extract was coagulated to tofu using fermented maize liquor (FML), Alum solution (AS), lime‐juice (LJ), lime solution (LS), Calotropis procera stem extract (BSE) and calcium sulphate solution (CSS) fresh yields of tofu ranged from 318 to 380 per 200 g of bean, moisture content 60 to 72 per cent and protein 51 to 62 per cent. Yield of tofu coagulated with CSS was the highest (p < 0.05). Tofu coagulated with LS, AS, and FML gave similar yields which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than LJ and BSE coagulated tofu. The moisture content ranged from 60 to 72 per cent.FindingsLS coagulated tofu had highest moisture content (p < 0.001) while AS coagulated tofu gave the lowest moisture content (p < 0.001). Protein content was significantly highest in LS coagulated tofu and closely followed by the value for FML coagulated tofu (p < 0.001). Sensory scores for both fresh and fried tofu showed that FML coagulated tofu was the most preferred by tasters in all parameters tested.Originality/valueFermented maize liquor is recommended for use in tofu production where available, based on its comparative yield, protein content and the superior acceptability attributes of tofu produced from it. The production of tofu using FML as coagulant could be easily achieved from an enterprise that only involves low capital input, thus making tofu a cheap and affordable source of protein for combating protein malnutrition.
Consumption and attribute perception of fluid milk in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Hsu Jane , Lin Yu‐Tso 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study aims to examine the consumption patterns of fresh milk, yogurt drinks, and flavoured milk along with the product attributes that consumers perceived.Design/methodology/approachOver 300 samples were collected from the three most populated metropolitan areas in Taiwan. The cluster analysis is applied in the study to segment respondents in order to reveal different consumption patterns.FindingsConsumers who purchase larger quantities of fluid milk are those who have relatively higher household incomes. The taste and flavour of fluid milk products are the attributes that consumers value. Consumers who purchase more fresh milk products pay more attention to the fat content, calcium content, and whether the products have the certified labels. Consumers who consume large quantities of yogurt drinks value overall beneficial bacterium attributes of the products.Originality/valueBased on the results of this study, appropriated marketing strategies are suggested and can be useful for firms to target customers.
RUL assessment of lube oil using AHP and vector projection approach
Authors: Sharma B.C. , Gandhi O.P. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe plant experience shows that the oil even after completion of a number of hours of recommended operation has some residual life. It is desirable to maximize its use to conserve this scarce resource but avoid failures. At present, continuation or change of the oil is decided, based on the manufacturer's recommendation and experience in the plant. The suggested oil change period is conservative and results in non‐efficient usage of oil. This practice needs refinement to include all possible properties/attributes of oil and use of appropriate procedure to assess its realistic performance degradation and determine the remaining useful life (RUL) of lube oil.Design/methodology/approachAnalytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi criteria decision‐making method, in conjunction with vector projection approach is applied to assess the remaining useful life of lube oil.FindingsPhysical and chemical properties related to degradation of the lube oil are considered as lubricant attributes and their weights for given application is assigned, using AHP. The value of these attributes from time to time, obtained by testing samples drawn from the system, are analyzed through vector projection approach. In this approach, module, cosine of angle and projection are defined and evaluated at different time intervals. The projection is related to module and cosine of angle and is related to RUL of the lubricant. The suggested procedure is illustrated by means of an example.Originality/valueThe suggested procedure will be helpful for the maintenance personnel in planned oil replacement, with maximum usage of the lube oil but avoiding failures.
Tribology performances of molybdenum disulfide reinforced thermoplastic polyimide under dry and water lubrication conditions
Authors: Peng Zhu , Xiao Wang , Xiao‐dong Wang , Pei Huang , Jun Shi 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo provide some useful information on tribology performances of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) reinforced thermoplastic polymide under dry and water lubrication conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of MoS2 content on composites' mechanical and tribological performances was investigated and worn morphologies, elements distribution and wear mechanisms under dry and water lubricant condition were also analyzed.FindingsAs a result, the composites' main mechanical performances decreased partly compared with pure PI and it became more stable with MoS2 content unceasingly increasing (up to 20 wt%). In the dry sliding condition, the friction coefficient decreased obviously by filling MoS2. The wear of composites which filled 10‐15 wt% MoS2 was less than other composites in which MoS2 content was below to 5 wt% or high than 20 wt%. It was found that materials wear happened mainly at initial stages of tribology test which the temperature was so high and the adhesive wear had a dominant place during the test process. While in the water lubrication condition, the composites tribological performances were improved evidently and MoS2 was still an effective lubricant and the fatigue wear was the main factor during the tribology process.Originality/valueThe paper analyzed the MoS2's effect on materials mechanical and tribological performances and divided the tribology process into two parts according to materials friction and wear.
Learning style and student self‐assessment skill
Authors: Cassidy Simon 
Published: July 2006

PurposeIn the light of the growing emphasis on independent learning and non‐technical skills in education and employment, the study aims to examine the relevance of learning style to student self‐assessment skill.Design/methodology/approachA sample of first‐year undergraduate students was asked to provide self‐assessed marks for their coursework and to complete measures of learning style. Tutors' marks for student coursework were also gathered.FindingsResults revealed a positive correlation between a deep approach to learning and self‐assessment skill, demonstrating the relevance of learning style to self‐assessment skill. A negative correlation between student‐estimated mark and a surface approach suggested that students are sensitive to the demand characteristics of assessments and are aware of how these correspond to their preferred learning style. Both strategic and deep approaches to learning correlated positively with tutor mark, as is commonly reported.Originality/valueIt is suggested that the study provides some insight into the composition of self‐assessment skill and implications for pedagogical practice are considered.
Unraveling learning, learning styles, learning strategies and meta‐cognition
Authors: Boström Lena , Lassen Liv M. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the field of learning, learning style, meta‐cognition, strategies and teaching by classifying different levels of the learning process. The paper aims to present an attempt to identify how students' awareness of learning style and teachers' matched instruction might affect students' learning and motivation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a conceptual paper in which a theoretical framework built on empirical research was identified by connecting and systemizing different parts of the learning process.FindingsThe paper finds that teaching based on individual learning styles is an effective way to ensure students' achievement and motivation. Awareness of learning styles, it is argued, influences meta‐cognition and choice of relevant learning strategies. Consciousness of own improvement provides students with new perspectives of their learning potential. Such positive academic experiences may enhance self‐efficacy.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information on unraveling concepts, methods and effects which can aid students, teachers and researchers in understanding, evaluating and monitoring learning, thus having practical implications for promoting lifelong learning, self‐efficacy and salutogenesis.
Skill sets: an approach to embed employability in course design
Authors: Cox Sharon , King David 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate an innovative approach to embedding employability in the design of a university degree scheme using skill sets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at conventional approaches to course design, which begin with the resources already available within the higher education institute. The skill sets approach, however, begins with employers because they are the ultimate arbiters of employability. Employers working with the academic design team define coherent portfolios of skills: definitions which are then used to provide shape and form to the new degree scheme.FindingsThe paper finds that employers can identify skill sets that relate to long‐term employability as opposed to short‐term employment. These definitions can usefully inform the design of a degree scheme.Practical implicationsThe approach of this paper may benefit the design of degree schemes that aim to educate a graduate to fulfil an identifiable role in industry. This approach is based on defining the continuing intellectual and critical thinking skills that enable a graduate to fulfil a role, rather than the immediate task‐related skills that enable a graduate to fulfil a job. The involvement of employers in formulating a portfolio of graduate skills can be applied to the design of other schemes.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new approach to making employability the priority when developing a new degree scheme.
It's not an exact science: teaching entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hegarty Cecilia 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the approach to embedding entrepreneurship within third level education in Northern Ireland by assessing the perceptions of lecturers and learners and monitoring the effectiveness of teaching methods.Design/methodology/approachSurveys and focus groups were conducted with lecturers and learners from different disciplines as part of a pilot investigation under the Northern Ireland Centre for Entrepreneurship (NICENT) with a view to establishing a longitudinal study.FindingsEvidence suggests that NICENT has increased interest and positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland. E‐learning can meet high demand, intensive programmes are equally effective in improving the skills set. Entrepreneurship education needs sub‐sequential support.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provided preliminary findings for entrepreneurship teachings in different disciplines. Further dissecting of lecturer/learner analyses by course/year etc. is possible. Effectiveness could be assessed through graduate behaviours in the future in order to build longitudinal data.Practical implicationsThe results prove that lecturers/learners are willing to embrace new subjects (entrepreneurship for scientists) and new teaching methods when blended with traditional approaches. Whilst WebCT environment can facilitate a comfortable action‐learning zone, entrepreneurship education needs personalisation and industry engagement.Originality/valueThe study reports from the developing face within Northern Ireland and provides insightful observations of new subject adoption, the learner's curve and changing cultural attitudes within tertiary education.
Enterprise education: revisiting Whitehead to satisfy Gibbs
Authors: Jones Colin 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper seeks to demonstrate that a truly learner‐centred enterprise education programme can be developed within a traditional business school environment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper unites the broad teaching philosophy of Alfred Whitehead with that of Allan Gibbs's enterprise specific teaching philosophies to consider the fitness of the recently developed hic et nunc enterprise framework. This is largely achieved by testing the framework for constructive alignment.FindingsIt is argued that the hic et nunc framework is consistent with the philosophies of both Whitehead and Gibb. Further, the framework illustrates a process through which enterprise education programmes can be developed independently of any pressures to conform to more traditional pedagogy.Practical implicationsThrough careful consideration of the process of constructive alignment, an analytical approach to developing and/or refining an enterprise education program exists. Importantly, it represents an approach that is explicitly learner‐centred, and therefore free from the constraints of the environment within which the programme is delivered.Originality/valueThis paper brings to life the wonderful ideas of the great philosopher, Alfred Whitehead, combining them with the contemporary ideas of Allan Gibb. In doing so, the complementary nature of their thoughts helps to illustrate the minimal requirements of a learner‐centred approach to enterprise education.
Surprise and sense making: undergraduate placement experiences in SMEs
Authors: Walmsley Andreas , Thomas Rhodri , Jameson Stephanie 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore undergraduate placement experiences in tourism and hospitality SMEs, focusing on the notions of surprise and sense making. It aims to argue that surprises and sense making are important elements not only of the adjustment process when entering new work environments, but also of the learning experience that placements provide.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 20 students who had recently completed a 48 week placement.FindingsThe paper finds that the surprises students encountered were not as dramatic as the literature on organisational entry suggests. This is partially explained by students already having gained substantial amounts of work experience prior to the placement. A number of SME‐characteristic employment experiences were confirmed while others were questioned.Research limitations/implicationsFurther detailed research is required that takes a more holistic account of the placement experience in order to understand more fully the impact of placement on learning and career choices.Practical implicationsThe paper raises important questions about the value of undergraduate placements in an age of mass higher education where many students work part‐time.Originality/valueAn apparent lack of reflection hindered the sense making process, which raises questions as to whether placements are achieving their potential for experiential learning.
Collaborations, courses, and competitions
Authors: Chapman David , Skinner Jeff 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to detail a range of collaborative programmes developed by University College London (UCL) and the London Business School (LBS). These schemes have been developed to exploit synergies between the two institutions with the aim of promoting entrepreneurship within the fields of science and technology.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on the organisation and delivery of programmes drawing upon a detailed attendance statistics for UCL participants in the programme between 2,000 and 2006.Research limitations/implicationsMany of the UCL research students who have participated in these programmes are only now reaching the end of their study or research programmes. Thus, it has not, as yet, been possible to complete a longitudinal survey to consider the impact of these programmes on entrepreneurial outcomes. These analyses will be reported in subsequent papers.Practical implicationsStaff and students of both institutions report great enthusiasm for these collaborative activities and the authors are now focussed on their extension beyond the end of the current funding regime. It is believed that the collaborations described may form a model that can be adapted to other partnerships between science and engineering faculties and business schools.Originality/valueThis scheme is original in its focus on support for post‐graduate activities between two proximate yet quite separate world‐class institutions with radically different student intakes, and operational/business models. It is believed that the paper presents a useful model for those seeking to implement similar collaborative programmes.
Career advancement of hotel managers since graduation: a comparative study
Authors: Garavan Thomas N. , O'Brien Fergal , O'Hanlon Deborah 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo investigate the factors predicting the career progression of hotel managers working in international hotel chains in Ireland, Europe and Asia.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a cross‐sectional questionnaire design consisting of 337 respondents. It investigates individual‐ and organisational‐level factors that potentially explain the career progression of hotel managers.FindingsThe study reveals significant differences in managerial progression in the three sub‐samples. A multiplicity of factors explains differences in advancement. These include demographic, human capital, psychological characteristics of the manager and organisational characteristics. The model developed in the paper explained significant variance in three measures of managerial advancement: salary level, number of job moves, and position reached in the hierarchy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on self‐report data and the response rates are slightly below those reported for behavioural science research. The study does not gather the perceptions of the managers' superiors. The findings indicate that managerial advancement is explained by a complex set of factors, which would benefit from further investigation.Practical implicationsThe study findings suggest important practical implications for the provision of training and development, individual and organisational career strategies, the role of networking in advancement and the respective roles of managers and organisations in managing careers.Originality/valueThe paper has a cross‐cultural dimension which to date is largely absent from this area of research.
Postscript to change: survivors' retrospective views of organizational changes
Authors: Chreim Samia 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo analyze lower level employees' retrospective views of their experience with organizational changes introduced by management; to provide a typology of change responses based on employees' interpretations.Design/methodology/approachCanadian bank employees' accounts of their experience with change were obtained in interviews and analyzed using established guidelines for qualitative data analysis. A typology of change responses (acceptance, resigned compliance, avoidance/opposition, and ambivalence) was derived from the data. Links are made to the literature on readiness for, compliance with and resistance to, change, and to the literatures on framing and on identity as they inform responses to change.FindingsAmong others, the findings indicate: that changes that are compatible with employees' role identity or that are viewed as enhancing organizational identity tend to be easily embraced; the extensive prevalence of the “resigned compliance” response; that lack of participation in change decisions may be a common expectation among employees of large bureaucratic organizations that seek uniformity across widely dispersed geographic units; and opposition to change may be functional from an organizational standpoint.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral research implications are outlined including the need for theories to consider that change has been ubiquitous and that its pervasiveness can place its legitimacy beyond questioning. Research limitation includes the fact that the study focused on change survivors and did not have access to employees who had willingly left, or were asked to leave the organization as changes were being implemented.Practical implicationsThe study provides an understanding of the dynamics that underlie different responses to change. Understanding such dynamics is essential for the performance of the change agent role.Originality/valueUnlike much of the extant literature that tends to focus on the managerial view of change and on managerial framing, this study contributes the lower level employee perspective on, and framing of, change. In contrast with other studies of change that attend to a specific change situation, this article focuses on experiences with multiple changes and on the general view of change held by participants. The study also addresses a gap in the literature, as empirical studies have failed to tie responses to change to identity dynamics.