bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Head of Hadrian from Pompeiopolis
Authors: Çalık Ayşe 
Published: January 2007

In 1993, the head of an emperor was found in Pompeiopolis (Soloi or modern Viranşehir) and delivered to the Mersin Museum, where it is now on display (Pl. IX (a–d)). The head is notable because of its crystalline white marble material and its larger-than-life size. Maximum dimensions: H: 0·39 m, H (chin to crown): 0·32 m, W: 0·31 m, Th: 0·32 m.The head had been broken from its statue-body, but has been preserved together in one piece with the neck. Its state of preservation is good, but there is the following damage to its features. Large chips have gone from the base of the neck on the left (Pl. IX (a, d)), and a smaller piece from the surface of the middle of the neck on the right. The beard on the lower side of the chin, the upper lip and the nose are broken. On the left (a, c), one larger chip has gone from the cheek, two smaller ones around the temple. A large portion of a hair lock is broken above the temple and the ear on the left. The centre of the corona civica, which might have had a jewel in its middle, has been damaged and a large portion has broken off (Pl. IX (a, b)). The surface, especially on the flesh parts, has weathered.
Neue Beobachtungen zum Felsrelief von İvriz/Konya. Nicht in den Krieg, sondern zur Ernte: der Gott mit der Sichel
Authors: Şahin Mustafa 
Published: January 2007

In diesem Aufsatz wird die Figur des Gottes Tarhuntaš auf dem zwei figurigen Felsrelief von İvriz untersucht, und vor allem wird versucht das Attribut des Gottes zu deuten.Dem Felsrelief des “Quellheiligtums’ von İvriz (Abb 1) wurden seit seiner Entdeckung im 17. Jh. bereits zahlreiche, verschiedenartige Untersuchungen gewidmet. Die Attribute des dort dargestellten Gottes Tarhuntaš, die wichtige Hinweise zur Bestimmung der Funktion ihres Trägers liefern könnten, blieben davon jedoch lange Zeit unberührt. Ihre Erforschung wurde sehr spät durch R D Barnett eingeleitet, der ihnen erstmalig Beachtung schenkte: Sein Interesse galt vorrangig dem spiralförmig gerillten Gegenstand, der unter dem linken Ellbogen des Gottes zum Vorschein kommt (Abb 2). Barnett zufolge gehörte er zum ‘Knauf eines Schwertes, der in Form eines Adler- oder Vogelkopfes gestaltet ist’. Als erste Untersuchung zu diesem Thema überhaupt war diese Arbeit Barnetts auch für spätere Forschungen von grundlegender Bedeutung.
New rock-cut tombs at Etenna and the rock-cut tomb tradition in southern Anatolia
Authors: Çevik Nevzat 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe 41 rock-cut tombs at Etenna provide a clear impression of this very early and widespread tradition for the region. They allow us to compare the Lycian, Pamphylian, Cilician and Pisidian rock-cut tomb architecture and understand connections and discontinuities between them. They also illustrate how features of such tombs are based on natural and technical factors, on local architectural traditions, or on the rock-cut architecture of neighbouring cultures. But basic similarities, such as the cutting of a tomb chamber in the rock, could occur without any influence from other cultural regions, for instance because of similar burial needs, similar natural materials or similar architectural knowledge. The influences between the rock-cut tombs of different regions and periods can be seen in the particular details, and their relation to local burial customs. Questions are asked, such as: if there were Lycian tombs in the Classical period, why were there no rock-cut tombs in Pamphylia in this period; why did the ‘dominant Lycian Classical culture’ not influence Pamphylia; and what were the tombs of the higher social classes of the societies of Classical Pamphylia?
Inscriptions from Pednelissus
Authors: Behrwald Ralf 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe site of Pednelissus in Pisidia, southern Turkey, was first visited by an Italian expedition in 1914. Fieldwork was resumed by a joint project of L. Vandeput (University of Cologne) and H. Bandt (University of Bamberg) in 2001. This article presents the results of the first epigraphical campaign in 2002, which led to the revision of 21 texts as well as the discovery of five new inscriptions. The majority of these texts are building and honorary inscriptions, and, with one possibly Hellenistic exception, they date from Roman imperial times (first to early third centuries).
Female long‐tailed macaques with scrotum‐like structure
Authors: Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Hamada Yuzuru , Suryobroto Bambang , Takenaka Osamu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFemale long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) living in multimale and multifemale societies show a swelling and reddening of the sexual skin around the anogenital region when they approach ovulation. These swellings are limited to the base of the tail in many local populations. We recently observed another type of sexual swelling in long‐tailed macaques inhabiting localities north of the Isthmus of Kra, Thailand. This swelling was located in the inguinal region in pubertal females. These swellings develop bilaterally into a globular structure, which so strongly resembles the male scrotum that it is difficult to reliably identify an individual's sex at a distance using only the standard phenotypic features of differential presence of clitoris or scrotum. The sex of the monkeys possessing the scrotum‐like swelling was examined at the chromosomal and gonadal levels by determining the presence of two sex‐related genes (the SRY and the AMEL), and sex‐steroid hormone levels, respectively. For chromosomal sex, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assays suggested the absence of the Y‐linked SRY and AMEL loci but the presence of the X‐linked AMEL locus in the scrotum‐like monkeys, consistent with them being XX and not XY. Plasma testosterone levels of the monkeys possessing the inguinal sex skin swelling did not differ from those of ordinary females and was significantly lower than that of subadult and adult males. However, plasma estradiol levels were higher than those of both ordinary adult males and ordinary adult females. Together, the data strongly support the suggestion that these are XX females. Indeed, most of the tissue components of the scrotum‐like swelling were in fact adipose cells. Upon our latest survey in Thailand, the scrotum‐like swellings were observed only in long‐tailed macaques inhabiting the Indochinese region, above the Isthmus of Kra. To understand whether the scrotum‐like swelling is related to geographical distribution, further study is necessary. Am. J. Primatol. 69:721–735, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid inactivation and apoptosis of osteoclasts in the maternal skeleton during the bone remodeling reversal at the end of lactation
Authors: Miller Scott C. , Bowman Beth M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThere is a rapid reversal in maternal skeletal metabolism and bone remodeling from accelerated bone resorption during lactation to skeletal rebuilding after lactation. The purpose was to determine the changes that occur in maternal osteoclasts during the transition from lactation to postlactation. Skeletal samples were taken from female rats on days 10 and 19 of lactation and 1 and 7 days after lactation. The pups were weaned on day 20. There was a rapid change in the osteoclast population after weaning, resulting in less resorption surface. Osteoclasts detached from bone surfaces, lost their ruffled borders, and became fragmented with immunocytochemical evidence of apoptosis within 24 hr after lactation. Concomitant with the rapid regression in the osteoclast population was an over fivefold increase in maternal calcitonin (CT) levels at 24 hr after weaning. Serum calcium and estrogen (E2) increased, but prolactin (PRL) and PTH decreased after weaning. The hormone changes, particularly that of CT, are consistent with the rapid regression of the osteoclast population at the end of lactation. These changes are similar to a reversal phase of a bone remodeling cycle where bone formation commences when resorption ceases on bone surfaces and suggests that the fate of osteoclasts during bone remodeling is programmed cell death. These results also suggest that bone remodeling is well synchronized prior to, during, and after lactation to accommodate the mineral requirements of the offspring as well as the mother. Anat Rec, 290:65–73, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a population of motile neurons in long‐term cortical culture
Authors: Haas Matilda A. , Chuckowree Jyoti A. , Chung Roger S. , Vickers James C. , Dickson Tracey C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe specific phenotypes and progression to maturity of primary cortical neurons in long‐term culture correlate well with neurons in vivo. Utilizing a model of neuronal injury in long‐term cultures at 21 days in vitro (DIV), we have identified a distinct population of neurons that translocate into the injury site. 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyUridine (BrdU) incorporation studies demonstrated that neurons with the capacity to translocate were 21 days old. However, this motile ability is not consistent with the traditional view of the maturation and structural stability of neurons in long‐term culture. Therefore, we examined the neurons' cytoskeletal profile using immunocytochemistry, to establish relative stage of maturation and phenotype. Expression of marker proteins including β‐III‐tubulin, α‐internexin, NF‐L and NF‐M, tau and L1 indicated the neurons were differentiated, and in some cases polarized. The neurons did not immunolabel with NF‐H or MAP2, which might suggest they had not reached the level of maturity of other neurons in culture. They did not express the microtubule‐associated migration marker doublecortin (DCX). Cytoskeletal disrupting agents were used to further investigate the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in translocation, and microtubule destabilization significantly enhanced aspects of their motility. Finally, molecular guidance cues affected their motility in a similar manner to that reported for both axon guidance and early neuron migration. Therefore, this study has identified and characterized a population of motile neurons in vitro that have the capacity to migrate into a site of injury. These studies provide new information on the structurally dynamic features of subsets of neurons. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Several new electrofocusing techniques
Authors: Ivory Cornelius F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe segregation and analysis of low‐abundance proteins from complex biological fluids requires serial application of separation techniques that can simultaneously fractionate and concentrate solutes. In general, these techniques belong either to the family of displacement methods, e.g., ITP, or to the gradient methods, e.g., gradient‐elution HPLC. IEF is a member of the subset of the gradient methods referred to as equilibrium gradient methods (EGM) and has the important property that, starting from an arbitrarily distributed initial state, evolves over time to a self‐sharpening, stationary steady state. Until the introduction of counteracting chromatographic electrophoresis by O'Farrell in 1985, IEF was the only known electrokinetic technique with this property. Today, the sub‐family of electrokinetic EGMs has at least half a dozen members and is slowly growing. This review describes some of the essential properties of the displacement methods, the EGMs and the non‐EGMs, showing how they can be applied in microelectromechanical systems platforms, how their performance can be predicted and how new members with orthogonal properties may be added to the EGM family.
Determination of runoff and sediment yield from a small watershed in sub‐humid subtropics using the HSPF model
Authors: Mishra Ashok , Kar S. , Singh V. P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe Hydrologic Simulation Programme‐Fortran (HSPF), a hydrologic and water quality computer model, was employed for simulating runoff and sediment yield during the monsoon months (June–October) from a small watershed situated in a sub‐humid subtropical region of India. The model was calibrated using measured runoff and sediment yield data for the monsoon months of 1996 and was validated for the monsoon months of 2000 and 2001. During the calibration period, daily‐calibrated runoff had a Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (ENS) value of 0·68 and during the validation period it ranged from 0·44 to 0·67. For daily sediment yield ENS was 0·71 for the calibration period and it ranged from 0·68 to 0·90 for the validation period. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of important watershed characteristics. The model parameters obtained in this study could serve as reference values for model application in similar climatic regions, with practical implications in watershed planning and management and designing best management practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and reliable biomechanical screening of injectable bone cements for autonomous augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral bodies: Appropriate values of elastic constants for finite element models
Authors: Lewis Gladius , Xu Jie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe performed finite element analysis studies on 3 three‐dimensional representations of a single vertebral body: a regular cube, made of low‐density polyurethane foam (foam cube analog); a regular cube considered composed of cancellous bone only (bone cube analog)); and the body of the L2 vertebra (full anatomical body model). Each finite element model was subjected to a compressive load of 2300 N, uniformly distributed over its superior surface. The cancellous and cortical bones were assigned anisotropic elastic properties, while the foam and the endplate material were considered to have isotropic properties. In each representation, the elastic properties of the material(s) were adjusted (from the initial values that were used) to give a stiffness of the representation that was equal to that of the mean result for fresh cadaveric osteoporotic single vertebral bodies, as obtained from ex vivo experimental studies reported in the literature (1226 ± 996 N mm−1). Thus, any one of these representations, when used with the final adjusted value(s) of the elastic constants and modified to include a cylindrical hole filled with a specific volume of bolus of an injected bone cement, may be utilized in the rapid and reliable experimental ex vivo and/or numerical screening of these cements for use in autonomous vertebral body augmentation. This approach has many advantages over those that are currently being used, which are either characterization of the cement in isolation from the vertebral body or use of cadaveric vertebral bodies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Loss of RB compromises specific heterochromatin modifications and modulates HP1α dynamics
Authors: Siddiqui Hasan , Fox Sejal R. , Gunawardena Ranjaka W. , Knudsen Erik S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHeterochromatin domains are important for gene silencing, centromere organization, and genomic stability. These genomic domains are marked with specific histone modifications, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) binding and DNA methylation. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, RB mediates transcriptional repression and functionally interacts with a number of factors that are involved in heterochromatin biology including HP1, Suv39h1, DNMT1, and components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. To analyze the specific influence of RB loss on chromatin modification, mouse adult fibroblasts (MAFs) derived from RbloxP/loxP mice were utilized to acutely knockout RB. In this setting, target genes of RB are deregulated. Additionally, changes in histone modifications were observed. Specifically, histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation was absent from heterochromatin domains following loss of RB and there were changes in the relative levels of histone modifications between RB‐proficient and deficient cells. While RB loss significantly altered the modifications associated with heterochromatin domains, these domains were readily identified and efficiently mediated the recruitment of HP1α. Kinetic analyses of HP1α within the heterochromatin domains present in RB‐deficient cells indicated that loss of RB retarded HP1α dynamics, indicating that HP1α is paradoxically more tightly associated with heterochromatin in the absence of RB function. Combined, these analyses demonstrate that loss of RB has global effects on chromatin modifications and dynamics. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 131–137, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IRES complexity before IFN‐alpha treatment and evolution of the viral load at the early stage of treatment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Thélu M.A. , Leroy V. , Ramzan M. , Dufeu‐Duchesne T. , Marche P. , Zarski J.P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAt the early stage of treatment, IFN alpha‐2a induces inhibition of HCV replication. The viral load reflects mainly the degradation rate of the viruses. However, differences in the behavior of the viral population depend on changes, which occurred in the HCV‐IRES genome. In this study, cloning and sequencing strategies permitted the generation of a large number of IRES sequences from the PBMCs of 18 patients (5 women, 13 men) with chronic hepatitis C. The HCV IRES appeared to be highly conserved structurally. However, some variability was found between the different isolates obtained: 467 substitutions with a median of 7 variants/patients. No relationship was observed between pre‐treatment IRES complexity and the viral load at the beginning. However, on review of the evolution of viral load in the PBMCs during the first 3 days of IFN alpha‐2a treatment, patients could be classified into two groups: Group 1, in which the viral population continued to replicate and Group 2, in which the viral load decreased significantly (P = 0.01727). Positioning of the mutations on the predicted IRES secondary structure showed that the distribution of the mutations and their apparition frequency were different between the two groups. At the early stage of treatment, IFN alpha‐2a was efficient in reducing the viral replication in a significant number of patients; mechanisms of response might affect the virus directly. However, pre‐treatment genomic variations observed in the 5′NCR of HCV were not a parameter of a later response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. (244) J. Med. Virol. 79:242–253, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of adenovirus species B and C viremia by real‐time PCR in adults and children undergoing stem cell transplantation
Authors: Takayama Rumiko , Hatakeyama Naoki , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Masaki , Hayashi Toshiaki , Ikeda Yukiho , Ikeda Hiroshi , Nagano Hideki , Ishida Tadao , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAdenovirus infection during stem cell transplantation is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Adenovirus species B and C have been the main causes for these infections; however, epidemiological details about the species are still unclear. To clarify the contributions of species B and C adenovirus, the DNA was tested serially by quantitative real‐time PCR in peripheral blood, stool and urine of 32 patients (16 adults and 16 children) undergoing stem cell transplantation. Adenovirus species B viremia was detected in 10 of 16 adult and 6 of 16 pediatric transplant recipients. Adenovirus species C viremia was also detected simultaneously in five adult and three pediatric recipients. The stool and urine of patients with adenovirus viremia were also positive for the same adenovirus species as in blood. In contrast, in none of 50 healthy adult controls was adenovirus species B or C viremia detected. Among patients who developed adenovirus viremia, one adult recipient developed disseminated disease and died from multiple organ failure. The remaining patients experienced fever of several degrees and/or diarrhea during the period of adenovirus viremia; however, they all recovered without antiviral therapy. The results indicated that stem cell transplantation was frequently associated with adenovirus species B or C viremia, although it did not always cause serious infectious complications. J. Med. Virol. 79:278–284, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection of human primary hepatocytes with dengue virus serotype 2
Authors: Suksanpaisan Lukkana , Cabrera‐Hernandez Arturo , Smith Duncan R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWhile the impact of the dengue viruses on liver function is prominent as shown by hepatomegaly, liver enzyme abnormality, occasional fulminant hepatic failure and histological changes including hepatocellular necrosis, significant debate exists as to the possible involvement of the predominant cell type in the liver, hepatocytes, in the disease process. To address this issue purified human primary hepatocytes were exposed to dengue virus serotype 2 and the production of de novo viral progeny was established by standard plaque assay, RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry. To investigate the response of the primary hepatocytes to infection, the expression of a panel of 9 cytokine genes (IFN‐β, TRAIL, MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐8, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, and RANTES) was semi‐quantitatively investigated by RT‐PCR and up‐regulation of TRAIL, MIP‐1α, IFN‐β, MIP‐1β, IL‐8, and RANTES was observed in response to infection. The induction of IL‐8 in response to infection was accompanied by the secretion of IL‐8 as verified by ELISA assay. The ability of hepatocytes to be infected with dengue virus serotype 2 in vitro support evidence implicating human hepatocytes as a target cell in cases of dengue virus infection, and provide the first experimental evidence to support the large number of clinical studies that implicate the liver as a critical target organ in severe cases of dengue infection. J. Med. Virol. 79:300–307, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and physicochemical properties of graft copolymer of corn starch and acrylamide
Authors: Chen Yanxiao , Liu Shaoying , Wang Gongying 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGraft copolymerization of corn starch with acrylamide using ceric ammonium sulphate/citric acid initiation system has been studied under nitrogen atmosphere in aqueous medium. The grafting parameters are favored by increasing monomer concentration and reaction time but are affected by higher concentration of initiator and high temperature. The optimum conditions established for grafting were as follows: the concentration of initiator, 0.003 mol/L; the concentration of citric acid, 0.03 mol/L; monomer/starch, 1:1 feed ratio (w/w); reaction time, 3.0 h; and temperature, 35°C. The extent of grafting was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Both swelling power and solubility increased with the increase in temperature. Graft copolymerization increased swelling power and reduced solubility. Rapid visco‐analyzer pasting profile was studied. Graft copolymerization of corn starch results in high pasting temperature, high peak viscosity, and setback as compared with native starch. Breakdown was retarded at low percentage grafting (6.60%) but increased at high percentage grafting (60.27%). POLYM. COMPOS. 28:47–56, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers