bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utilization of silver salts of aromatic thiols as core materials of SERS‐based molecular sensors
Authors: Kim Kwan , Lee Yoon Mi , Lee Hyun Sook , Shin Kuan Soo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSilver salts of aromatic thiols are one class of organic–inorganic heterostructured materials, showing peculiar photoreaction characteristics. When an argon ion laser is exposed to silver benzenethiolate (AgBT), for instance, its Raman spectrum changes over time, eventually becoming the same as the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of benzenethiol on a roughened Ag substrate. AgBT and its analogs can thus be used as a core material of molecular sensors operating via SERS; we demonstrate this specifically, by monitoring the SERS peaks of BT, in which biotinylated AgBT selectively recognizes streptavidin molecules down to concentrations of 10−11 g ml−1 (i.e. ∼0.2 pM). Since numerous silver thiolates can be used as the core material, multiple bioassays are readily accomplished using the present methodology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic properties of the species resulting from the phenyl radical with O2 reaction system
Authors: Sebbar Nadia , Bockhorn Henning , Bozzelli Joseph 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhenyl radicals are formed in combustion and oxidation systems by abstraction of the phenyl—hydrogen from benzene or aromatics by active radical species and by oxidation and thermal reactions of the benzylic carbon on alkyl‐substituted aromatics. The reaction of phenyl with O2 leads to chain‐branching reactions and a number of unsaturated oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediates that may need to be included in detailed combustion models. Thermochemical parameters and structures on important species resulting from the phenyl radical + O2 association and reaction are reported in this study. Enthalpies, Δf H, of a series of stable molecules, radicals, and transition state structures are calculated using ab initio (G3MP2B3 and G3) and density functional (DFT, B3LYP/6–311g(d,p) calculations, group additivity (GA), and literature data. The ab initio and density functional calculations are combined with isodesmic reaction analysis, whenever possible, to improve the accuracy of the enthalpy values. Entropies, S, and heat capacities, Cpf298 (T), are calculated using density functional calculations, group additivity, and literature data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 583–604, 2008
Silk Fibroin Solution Properties Related to Assembly and Structure
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Lindsay Amil , Abedian Behrouz , Kaplan David L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe impact of physiological factors on silk fibroin solution properties was studied. Specifically, the impact of fibroin concentration, protein purity, cation type and concentration, and pH on aqueous solution viscosity, shear behavior, and surface tension were assessed in the context of silk protein assembly. The results demonstrate that in vitro results could be correlated to in vivo processing events during silk spinning. Rheological properties with reference to the amphiphilic block structure of the protein are described, pH dependency of shear response was quantitatively correlated to the predicted pI values of the fibroin protein, and cooperativity among environmental factors such as pH and salts was identified. Stabilization of silk fibroin solution states by calcium was identified as a mode to control shear sensitivity of the fibroin solution. The cooperativities identified suggest tight control of fibroin aqueous solution rheological properties to gain a window of protection against premature crystallization of the fibroin during processing, assuring safe storage, transport, and finally successful fiber spinning.magnified image
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐Substituted 2,2′:6,2″‐Terpyridines: Synthesis and Characterization of New Amphiphilic Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Landsmann Steve , Winter Andreas , Chiper Manuela , Fustin Charles‐André , Hoeppener Stephanie , Wouters Daan , Gohy Jean‐François , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTerpyridine‐modified hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) were combined to new metallo‐supramolecular AB‐diblock copolymers by utilizing Ru(II) ions. The polymers were synthesized by hydrosilylation of heteroleptic allyloxy‐functionalized Ru(II) complexes. The amphiphilic AB‐diblock copolymers were used to prepare micelles in an aqueous environment, which were subsequently characterized by dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.magnified image
Lower bounds for Seshadri constants
Authors: Eckl Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOne of Demailly's characterization of Seshadri constants on ample line bundles works with Lelong numbers of certain positive singular hermitian metrics. In this note this is translated into algebraic terms by using sections of multiples of the line bundle. The resulting formula for Seshadri constants is applied to compute Seshadri constants on blown up products of curves, to disprove a conjectured characterization of maximal rationally connected quotients and to introduce a new approach to Nagata's conjecture. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Complexity and T ‐invariant of Abelian and Milnor groups, and complexity of 3‐manifolds
Authors: Pervova Ekaterina , Petronio Carlo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe investigate the notion of complexity for finitely presented groups and the related notion of complexity for three‐dimensional manifolds. We give two‐sided estimates on the complexity of all the Milnor groups (the finite groups with free action on S3), as well as for all finite Abelian groups. The ideas developed in the process also allow to construct two‐sided bounds for the values of the so‐called T ‐invariant (introduced by Delzant) for the above groups, and to estimate from below the value of T ‐invariant for an arbitrary finitely presented group. Using the results of this paper and of previous ones, we then describe an infinite collection of Seifert threemanifolds for which we can asymptotically determine the complexity in an exact fashion up to linear functions. We also provide similar estimates for the complexity of several infinite families of Milnor groups. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sonographic development of the normal foetal thorax and abdomen across gestation
Authors: Blaas Harm‐Gerd K. , Eik‐Nes Sturla H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the following review, the development of the thorax and abdomen, as described by embryologists and anatomists in modern embryological text books, is compared with sonoanatomic descriptions from 2D and 3D ultrasound studies, week by week in the first trimester. The anatomic descriptions are limited to details that are of interest for the understanding of ultrasound examinations. For the second and third trimester, the description of the sonographic development of the thorax and abdomen is divided into thoracic skeleton, diaphragm, lungs, oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, bowel and gall bladder. The review is restricted to the normal development, appearance and biometric assessment of these organs; and discusses topical literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cystic lung lesions – prenatal diagnosis and management
Authors: Bush Andrew , Hogg Julie , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWith increasing use of fetal ultrasound comes an increase in the detection of clinically silent ‘abnormalities’ which pose diagnostic and management dilemmas for perinatologists and paediatricians. Congenital thoracic malformations (CTMs) (excluding congenital diaphragmatic hernia) are one such example, where a few cases are symptomatic in early life and management options are clear, but the majority are clinically asymptomatic, giving rise to difficulties in defining postnatal management of the well child with a sonographic or radiological lesion. Here, we will outline the prenatal presentation and natural history of CTMs that are not congenital diaphragmatic herniae and briefly discuss the approach to postnatal management, which is covered in more detail in the review by Laje and Liechty in this issue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tattoos and antisocial personality disorder
Authors: Cardasis William , Huth‐Bocks Alissa , Silk Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective The relationship of tattoos to the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) was explored in a forensic psychiatric inpatient hospital setting. It was hypothesized that a greater proportion of forensic inpatients that possessed tattoos had ASPD than patients who did not possess tattoos.Method Forensic male psychiatric inpatients (N = 36) were administered a semi‐structured interview to determine the presence of a tattoo. ASPD was determined by criteria on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV ASPD checklist. Demographic and background characteristics of the patients were collected, and details about each tattoo were obtained including a calculation of the surface area of each tattoo.Results Significantly more forensic psychiatric inpatients with tattoos had a diagnosis of ASPD compared to patients without tattoos. Patients with ASPD also had a significantly greater number of tattoos, a trend toward having a greater percentage of their total body surface area tattooed, and were more likely to have a history of substance abuse than patients without ASPD. Tattooed subjects, with or without ASPD, were significantly more likely to have histories of substance abuse, sexual abuse and suicide attempts than non‐tattooed patients.Conclusions Forensic psychiatric inpatients with tattoos should be assessed carefully for the presence of ASPD as well as for substance abuse, sexual abuse and suicide attempts, factors having potentially significant influence on the assessment and treatment of such patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lectin precipitation using phytohemagglutinin‐L4 coupled to avidin–agarose for serological biomarker discovery in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Yong‐Sam , Son Ok Lye , Lee Ju Yeon , Kim Sun Hee , Oh Sejeong , Lee Yoon Suk , Kim Cheorl‐Ho , Yoo Jong Shin , Lee Jeong‐Hwa , Miyoshi Eiji , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Hanash Samir M. , Yoo Hyang Sook , Ko Jeong Heon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractN‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐V) has been reported to be upregulated in malignant cancer cells, and its targets have been sought after with regard to biomarker identification. The low capacity and high false positive rates of 2‐DE gel‐based lectin blots using phytohemagglutinin‐L4 (L‐PHA) prompted us to develop a novel protocol for identifying GnT‐V targets, in which serum proteins were subjected to immunodepletion, alkylation, and lectin precipitation using L‐PHA coupled to avidin–agarose bead complexes, and tryptic digestion. Proteins captured by L‐PHA conjugates were analyzed by a nano‐LC‐FT‐ICR/LTQ MS. Here, we report 26 candidate biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) that show 100% specificity and sensitivities of greater than 50%. Not only can these candidate proteins be used as analytes for validation, but the novel protocol described herein can be applied to biomarker discovery in nonCRCs.
Novel synthesis of biodegradable linear and star block copolymers based on ε‐caprolactone and lactides using potassium‐based catalyst
Authors: Lemmouchi Yahia , Perry Michael C. , Amass Allan J. , Chakraborty Khirud , Schacht Etienne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBiodegradable, triblock poly(lactide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(lactide) (PLA‐b‐PCL‐b‐PLA) copolymers and 3‐star‐(PCL‐b‐PLA) block copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of lactides in the presence of poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol or 3‐star‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triol as macroinitiator and potassium hexamethyldisilazide as a catalyst. Polymerizations were carried out in toluene at room temperature to yield monomodal polymers of controlled molecular weight. The chemical structure of the copolymers was investigated by 1H and 13C‐NMR. The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by NMR and DSC investigations. The effects of copolymer composition and molecular structure on the physical properties were investigated by GPC and DSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5363–5370, 2008
Synthesis and aggregation of poly(valine)‐poly (ethylene glycol) block copolymers
Authors: Goh Sarah L. , Platt Andrew P. , Rutledge Katherine E. , Lee Iris 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe solubility nature of many medicines presents a challenge for successful delivery of these drugs to the body. Polymeric carriers are potentially viable as vessels for both the protection and transport of these medicinal substances. In an effort to generate polymeric materials for this desired application, A‐B‐A triblock copolymers have been synthesized with a central block composed of hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and flanking hydrophobic sequences composed of five valine units terminated with end groups of varying hydrophobicity. These copolymers were constructed by adding amino acids stepwise to the hydrophilic block using solution phase chemistry. The self‐assembly behavior of all polymers was investigated using fluorimetry with a pyrene probe. In general, copolymers with more hydrophobic end groups exhibited lower critical aggregation concentrations (CACs). Fmoc‐terminated copolymers displayed the lowest CAC of 0.032 mg/mL and demonstrated little cytotoxicity when exposed to SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Transmission electron micrographs show the presence of multiple compartments within these spherical assemblies, which may prove useful in encapsulating medicinal substances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5381–5389, 2008
Hydroxyl‐terminated hyperbranched aromatic poly(ether‐ester)s: Synthesis, characterization, end‐group modification, and optical properties
Authors: Shanmugam Thiyagarajan , Sivakumar C. , Nasar A. Sultan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNovel AB2‐type monomers such as 3,5‐bis(4‐methylolphenoxy)benzoic acid (monomer 1), methyl 3,5‐bis(4‐methylolphenoxy) benzoate (monomer 2), and 3,5‐bis(4‐methylolphenoxy)benzoyl chloride (monomer 3) were synthesized. Solution polymerization and melt self‐polycondensation of these monomers yielded hydroxyl‐terminated hyperbranched aromatic poly(ether‐ester)s. The structure of these polymers was established using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weights (Mw) of the polymers were found to vary from 2.0 × 103 to 1.49 × 104 depending on the polymerization techniques and the experimental conditions used. Suitable model compounds that mimic exactly the dendritic, linear, and terminal units present in the hyperbranched polymer were synthesized for the calculation of degree of branching (DB) and the values ranged from 52 to 93%. The thermal stability of the polymers was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, which showed no virtual weight loss up to 200 °C. The inherent viscosities of the polymers in DMF ranged from 0.010 to 0.120 dL/g. End‐group modification of the hyperbranched polymer was carried out with phenyl isocyanate, 4‐(decyloxy)benzoic acid and methyl red dye. The end‐capping groups were found to change the thermal properties of the polymers such as Tg. The optical properties of hyperbranched polymer and the dye‐capped hyperbranched polymer were investigated using ultraviolet‐absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5414–5430, 2008
Palladium‐catalyzed phosphonation of SEBS block copolymer
Authors: Subianto Surya , Choudhury Namita Roy , Dutta Naba K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhosphonic acid‐bearing styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) block copolymer was synthesized by bromination and subsequent palladium‐catalyzed phosphonation of SEBS. The phosphonated block copolymer was characterized by spectroscopic, thermal, and conductivity measurements. The new polymer shows good ion‐exchange capacity of ∼0.7 meq/g and proton conductivity of around 2–4 mS/cm (at room temperature and 100% relative humidity) which is in good agreement with literature value of other phosphonated materials. This value was obtained despite a relatively low degree of phosphonation, demonstrating the ability of the phase separated nature of block copolymers to promote proton conductivity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5431–5441, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of bipolar copolymers containing oxadiazole and carbazole pendant groups and their application to electroluminescent devices
Authors: Wang Ping , Chai Chunpeng , Yang Qian , Wang Fuzhi , Shen Zhihao , Guo Haiqing , Chen Xiaofang , Fan Xinghe , Zou Dechun , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA series of random copolymers POC10{Poly(2,5‐bis[(5‐decyloxy‐phenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole]styrene)}‐co‐Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) with different nvk content were synthesized through common radical polymerization and were incorporated into light emitting diodes as emitting layers. The structures and properties of the copolymers were characterized and evaluated by GPC, TGA, DSC, UV, PL, CV, and EL analyses. All the polymers enjoy high thermal stability. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that, with the incorporation of N‐vinylcarbazole to the copolymer, these copolymers had high‐lying HOMO energy values, which facilitated hole injection. PL peaks in the film show blue‐shift compared with those in solutions and fluorescent quantum efficiency decreased with the nvk content increasing, which supported the efficient energy transfer from nvk units to the oxadiazole units. Single‐layer LEDs with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/PC10‐nvk/Mg:Ag/Ag were fabricated, which emit a blue light around 440 and 490 nm with a maximum brightness of 675.3 cd/m2 and luminous efficiency of 0.108 cd/A. Moreover, we fabricated electrophosphorescent device from bipolar transport copolymer PC10‐nvk4 as host material and an orange‐light‐emitting iridium phosphor IrMDPP as guest. The maximum luminous efficiency of 0.548 cd/A was obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5452–5460, 2008
Kinetic study of copper(I)‐catalyzed click chemistry step‐growth polymerization
Authors: Binauld Sandra , Boisson Fernande , Hamaide Thierry , Pascault Jean‐Pierre , Drockenmuller Eric , Fleury Etienne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOligomers and polymers containing triazole units were synthesized by the copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition step‐growth polymerization of four difunctional azides and alkynes. In a first part, monofunctional benzyl azide was used as a chain terminator for the polyaddition of 1,6‐diazidohexane and α,ω‐bis(O‐propargyl)diethylene glycol, leading to polytriazole oligomers of controlled average degree of polymerization (DPn = 3–20), to perform kinetic studies on low‐viscosity compounds. The monitoring of the step‐growth click polymerization by 1H NMR at 25, 45, and 60 °C allowed the determination of the activation energy of this click chemistry promoted polyaddition process, that is, Ea = 45 ± 5 kJ/mol. The influence of the catalyst content (0.1–5 mol % of Cu(PPh3)3Br according to azide or alkyne functionalities) was also examined for polymerization kinetics performed at 60 °C. In a second part, four high molar mass polytriazoles were synthesized from stoichiometric combinations of diazide and dialkyne monomers above with p‐xylylene diazide and α,ω‐bis(O‐propargyl)bisphenol A. The resulting polymers were characterized by DSC, TGA, SEC, and 1H NMR. Solubility and thermal properties of the resulting polytriazoles were discussed based on the monomers chemical structure and thermal analyses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5506–5517, 2008
Side‐chain supramolecular polymers with induced supramolecular chirality through H‐bonding interactions
Authors: Vera Francisco , Almuzara Cristina , Orera Irene , Barberá Joaquín , Oriol Luis , Serrano José Luis , Sierra Teresa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSide‐chain supramolecular polymers that show columnar mesomorphism have been prepared through H‐bonding interactions between a polyvinylpyridine polymer as H‐acceptor and different H‐donors derived from benzoic acid. These compounds have been designed according to a promesogenic structure, that is, either disk‐like or banana‐like, to promote stacking and therefore the formation of columnar arrangements. IR studies confirmed the formation of H‐bonds and demonstrated that the H‐bond intensity decreases upon increasing temperature. The mesophase organizations were studied by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. Associations containing poly‐3‐methyl‐4‐vinylpyridine showed supramolecular optical activity, as evidenced by circular dichroism studies on thin films. It is proposed that these supramolecular polymers adopt a helical structure that can be biased toward a given handedness by virtue of the configuration of the stereogenic centers in the peripheral tails of the acids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5528–5541, 2008
Chemically stable hybrid polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by radiation grafting, sulfonation, and silane‐crosslinking techniques
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Asano Masaharu , Maekawa Yasunari , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTo prepare a crosslinked hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) with high chemical stability, a silane monomer, namely p‐styryltrimethoxysilane (StSi), was first grafted to poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film by γ‐ray preirradiation. Hydrolysis‐condensation and sulfonation were then performed on the StSi‐grafted ETFE (StSi‐g‐ETFE) films to give them crosslinks and proton conductibility, respectively. Thus, a crosslinked proton‐conducting hybrid PEM was obtained. The crosslinks introduced by the silane‐condensation have an inorganic SiOSi structure, which enhance the chemical and thermal stabilities of the PEM. The effect of the timing of the hydrolysis‐condensation (before or after sulfonation) and the sulfonation method (by chlorosulfonic acid or H2SO4) on the properties of the resulting hybrid PEMs such as ion‐exchange capacity, proton conductivity, water uptake, chemical stability, and methanol permeability were investigated to confirm their applicability in fuel cells. We conclude that the properties of the new crosslinked hybrid StSi‐grafted PEMs are superior to divinylbenzene (DVB)‐crosslinked styrene‐grafted membranes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5559–5567, 2008