bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subchondral bone density and cartilage degeneration patterns in osteoarthritic metacarpal condyles of horses
Authors: Young Benjamin D. , Samii Valerie F. , Mattoon John S. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate and correlate patterns of subchondral bone density and articular cartilage degeneration (derived by use of gross, histologic, and computed tomographic [CT] examinations) in equine third metacarpal condyles with and without osteoarthritis.
Sample Population—8 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (n = 4 horses) without osteoarthritis and 6 osteoarthritis-affected MCP joints (4).
Procedures—Horses were euthanized. The third metacarpal condyles of the joints were examined grossly and via CT (3 slice images/condyle). For 6 condylar zones, mean bone density and pattern of density distribution were determined. Data for osteoarthritis-affected and control joints were compared. Histomorphometric point count analyses identified areas of bone density for comparison with CT density measurements.
Results—Osteoarthritis-affected condyles had heterogeneous subchondral bone with focal resorptive lesions and patterned sclerosis, whereas control condyles had symmetric bone density distribution. In osteoarthritis-affected condyles, bone density determined via gray scale image density analysis was greater (dorsal and medial pattern), compared with control condyles, and differed among zones because of resorption and sclerosis. With regard to bone density in osteoarthritis-affected condyles, histologic findings correlated with CT images, and bone lesions were significantly correlated with cartilage lesions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, heterogeneous distribution and greater subchondral bone density were characteristic of osteoarthritis-affected condyles, compared with control condyles. Subchondral bone lesions correlated with overlying cartilage lesions in osteoarthritis-affected MCP joints. Identification of CT image characteristics appears to predict the presence of a cartilage lesion in MCP joints of horses with osteoarthritis.
Effects of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate solution on electrolyte concentrations and enzyme activities in newborn calves with respiratory and metabolic acidosis
Authors: Bleul Ulrich T. , Schwantag Silvia C. , Kähn Wolfgang K. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine concentrations of electrolytes, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and hemoglobin; activities of some enzymes; and Hct and number of leukocytes and erythrocytes of newborn calves in relation to the degree of acidosis and treatment with a hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution.
Animals—20 acidotic newborn calves with a blood pH < 7.2 and 22 newborn control calves with a blood pH ≥ 7.2.
Procedures—Approximately 10 minutes after birth, acidotic calves were treated by IV administration of 5% NaHCO3 solution. The amount of hypertonic solution infused was dependent on the severity of the acidosis.
Results—Treatment resulted in a significant increase in the mean ± SEM base excess from −8.4 ± 1.2 mmol/L immediately after birth to 0.3 ± 1.1 mmol/L 120 minutes later. During the same period, sodium concentration significantly increased from 145.3 ± 0.8 mmol/L to 147.8 ± 0.7 mmol/L. Mean chloride concentration before NaHCO3 administration was significantly lower in the acidotic calves (99.6 ± 1.1 mmol/L) than in the control calves (104.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L). Calcium concentration in acidotic calves decreased significantly from before to after treatment. Concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus were not affected by treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of hypertonic NaHCO3 solution to acidotic neonatal calves did not have any adverse effects on plasma concentrations of several commonly measured electrolytes or enzyme activities. The treatment volume used was smaller, compared with that for an isotonic solution, which makes it more practical for use in field settings.
Retention of acetaminophen in an in vitro model of solid-phase gastric emptying of animals
Authors: Wyse Cathy A. , Marshall Will G. , Preston Tom , Yam Philippa S. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To apply an in vitro model for assessment of the solid-phase binding capacity of acetaminophen and thus assess the reliability of this marker for evaluation of solid-phase gastric emptying in vivo in animals.
Sample Population—4 test meals.
Procedures—A spectrophotometric method for detection of acetaminophen was validated and applied for assessment of the percentage retention of acetaminophen in the solid phase of 4 test meals. The gastric milieu was simulated by incubating each meal in artificial gastric juice for 2 hours in a shaking water bath maintained at 37°C. Solid-phase retention was then assessed 3 times by measuring the amount of acetaminophen that had leached into the liquid phase.
Results—Acetaminophen was poorly retained in the solid phase of all the test meals examined in the study. There was also a large degree of variability in the percentage retention for each meal when the experiment was repeated 3 times.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of the results of this in vitro study confirmed that acetaminophen may not be an appropriate marker of solid-phase gastric emptying. The acetaminophen gastric emptying test should be applied only for the assessment of liquid-phase emptying in animals.
Microchemical and surface evaluation of canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy plates
Authors: Lackowski William M. , Vasilyeva Yulia B. , Crooks Richard M. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Hulse Donald A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the microchemical and surface composition of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plates before and after explantation.
Sample Population—7 TPLO plates surgically removed from host dogs 6 to 54 months after implantation; 2 raw unpolished-and-unpassivated 316L TPLO plates; and 2 heat-treated, polished-and-passivated, and cleaned 316L TPLO plates.
Procedures—Samples were removed by use of standard techniques to ensure the plate surface was not damaged. Sample pieces were dissolved and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine bulk elemental composition. Other sample pieces were investigated by use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for determination of sample morphology, near-surface elemental composition, and surface elemental composition, respectively. To investigate the possibility of corrosion in situ, some samples were chemically corroded and analyzed.
Results—ICP-MS confirmed that elemental composition of samples was consistent with 316L stainless steel. The SEM and EDS analyses revealed trace amounts of polishing materials and a nonuniform carbonaceous biofilm on < 1% of the surface area of samples removed from the host dogs. The XPS analysis indicated an increase in the chromium-to-iron ratio on passivated surfaces, with no difference between passivated samples before implantation and after explantation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Composition of the TPLO plates was consistent with 316L stainless steel. No chemical or topographic changes were detected in TPLO plates that had been implanted in dogs for up to 54 months. A small amount of biofilm was evident on the surface of 2 plates.
Suspected panosteitis in a camel
Authors: Levine David G. , Smith Jennifer J. , Richardson Dean W. , Brown Valerie , Beech Jill , Habecker Perry , Adam Emma 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A 6-month-old male Bactrian camel was examined because of a 3-week history of lameness of the left hind limb.
Clinical Findings—Lameness was initially detected in the left hind limb but resolved and was detected in the right hind limb during treatment. Lameness increased during periods of rapid growth. Radiography revealed multiple small opacities of the medullary cavity of several long bones throughout treatment. Core bone biopsies of lesions in the tibiae revealed lamellar bone with areas of loose connective tissue, osteoblasts in the medullary cavity, and periosteal new bone formation, all which were consistent with panosteitis.
Treatment and Outcome—Palliative treatment was attempted with epidural and transdermal administration of analgesics. Flunixin meglumine was administered PO, which coincided with an abrupt increase in serum creatinine concentration. Performance of multiple diagnostic bone biopsies led to remission of clinical signs of pain.
Clinical Relevance—Panosteitis should be a differential diagnosis for shifting limb lameness in young camels. Bone biopsies can be useful for diagnosis of panosteitis and possible relief of pain associated with the disease. Bactrian camels may be susceptible to the renal toxicity of flunixin meglumine, especially when dehydrated.
Reconfigurable architectures for parallel execution of image processing tasks
Authors: Gorgoń M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReconfigurable computers are becoming third, after general purpose processors and digital signal processors, programmable computing systems. In the present paper, a new definition of parallelism adequate for fine-grain parallel systems is introduced. Computing power requirements for high definition, real-time vision system are discussed. A survey of reconfigurable solutions for image processing and the latest research work carried on at the AGH Laboratory of Biocybernetics are presented.
Children making faces: the effect of age and prompts on children's facial composites of unfamiliar faces
Authors: Paine Carina B. , Pike Graham E. , Brace Nicola A. , Westcott Helen L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe police do not usually ask child witnesses (under 10‐years) to construct facial composites, as it is believed that they could not create images of sufficient accuracy. The main aim of the current experiment was to evaluate whether this age limit is a suitable threshold by comparing composites made by children of age 6‐, 8‐ and 10‐years and adults. Additionally, as children's lack of vocabulary to describe faces was considered a likely factor, a technique based on visual prompts was devised to obtain facial descriptions, and compared to construction based on verbal prompting. The experiment involved participants' construction of composites, which were subsequently evaluated subjectively (ranking and rating tasks) and objectively (matching task). Although adults' and older children's composites were, on average, more accurate than those of the younger children, the results demonstrated that children from the age of 6‐years were able to produce facial composites of an unfamiliar face. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eye movements when looking at print advertisements: the goal of the viewer matters
Authors: Rayner Keith , Miller Brett , Rotello Caren M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractViewers looked at print advertisements as their eye movements were recorded. Half of them were asked to rate how much they liked each ad (for convenience, we will generally use the term ‘ad’ from this point on), while the other half were asked to rate the effectiveness of each ad. Previous research indicated that viewers who were asked to consider purchasing products in the ads looked at the text earlier and more often than the picture part of the ad. In contrast, viewers in the present experiment looked at the picture part of the ad earlier and longer than the text. The results indicate quite clearly that the goal of the viewer very much influences where (and for how long) viewers look at different parts of ads, but also indicate that the nature of the ad per se matters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression of the tumor after withdrawal of cyclosporine in relapsed extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kako Shinichi , Izutsu Koji , Oshima Kumi , Sato Hiroyuki , Kanda Yoshinobu , Motokura Toru , Chiba Shigeru , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with advanced‐stage extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) has been generally poor, and several anecdotal reports have suggested the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A potential advantage of allogeneic HSCT may be the graft‐versus‐lymphoma (GVL) effect. The susceptibility to the GVL effect, however, has been shown to vary according to histologic subtypes, and it has been hardly documented yet whether ENKL is susceptible to the GVL effect. Here we report a patient with advanced‐stage ENKL who underwent allogeneic HSCT from an HLA one‐allele mismatched related donor, whose clinical course after HSCT suggested the potent GVL effect against ENKL. A 43‐year‐old female underwent allogeneic HSCT for advanced‐stage, chemorefractory ENKL, and achieved complete response. In 4 months after the transplantation, however, the ENKL relapsed in multiple sites. These lesions markedly responded to the discontinuation of immunosuppressive agents and disappeared. Except for a temporal exacerbation of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, she has been free from disease for more than a year without other treatments against lymphoma. The clinical course of the current patient suggests the potent GVL effect against ENKL. Allogeneic HSCT, including that with reduced‐intensity regimens, is a promising treatment option for high‐risk ENKL. Am. J. Hematol. 82:937–939, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and characterization of a novel method to analyze global gene expression profiles in endothelial cells derived from primary tissues
Authors: Bai Xiangyang , Huang Mei , Wu Jingyi , Huang Xiaoyuan , Yan Lingling , Lu Yunping , Wang Shixuan , Xu Gang , Zhou Jianfeng , Ma Ding 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHomogenous cells separated directly from clinical samples with laser capture microdissection (LCM) contain their original transcript messages, which accurately reflects the physiological and pathological changes of the cell before fixation. Analysis of such samples provides a direct understanding of in vivo physiological and pathological processes. The development of modern large‐scale analytical techniques have given us a chance to determine the entire transcript profile of interesting cells. Therefore, LCM and gene expression microarray analysis are becoming common tools across a broad range of disciplines, particularly in the basic and clinical biomedical sciences. However, the combination of these technologies is limited in the study of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) since the precise location and separation of VECs is not easily realized and the requirement for relatively large amount of intact RNA for labeling and hybridization is not easily available. In this report, we describe an approach for tissue fixation and isolation of RNA from laser‐captured cells retrieved from frozen sections, which had previously been subjected to immunohistochemistry and subsequently subjected to linear amplification and gene expression microarray analysis. Our results demonstrate that nanogram quantities of total RNA isolated from about 3,000 VECs can be amplified and that the amplified RNA can generate enough signal intensity for GeneChip analysis. analysis. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of de novo partial tetrasomy of distal 6p and review of the literature
Authors: Stohler Ryan , Kucharski Ellen , Farrow Emily , Torres‐Martinez Wilfredo , Delk Paula , Thurston Virginia C. , Vance Gail H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report on a 3‐year‐old girl with bilateral eyelid colobomas, bulbous nose, blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis, sensorineural hearing loss, atrial septal defect, psychomotor retardation, and growth delay. Cytogenetic analysis showed additional material of unknown origin on the short arm of chromosome 8. Whole chromosome paint FISH identified the additional material to originate from chromosome 6. Subtelomeric metaphase FISH analysis detected a bright signal pattern for the 6p subtelomere probe on the derivative 8 as well as two short arm signals for the normal chromosomes 6. Interphase FISH with the 6p subtelomere probe demonstrated four 6p signals. Interestingly, metaphase FISH with a probe for the 8p subtelomere region demonstrated a signal for 8p just proximal to the translocated material. Comparative genomic hybridization studies confirmed tetrasomy of the 6p subtelomere region from 6p25.1 → 6p25.3. Thus our patient represents the first reported case of “pure” partial tetrasomy 6p, meaning the tetrasomy was not associated with a significant deletion of chromosome arm 8p. We compare here this case with previously reported cases of partial trisomy 6p and the resulting phenotypes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Holding your breath”: Interviews with young people who have undergone predictive genetic testing for Huntington disease
Authors: Duncan Rony E. , Gillam Lynn , Savulescu Julian , Williamson Robert , Rogers John G. , Delatycki Martin B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGuidelines recommend that predictive genetic testing for Huntington disease (HD) should be deferred until the age of majority (18 years in most countries). However, opposition to these guidelines exists, with some professionals arguing that testing may be beneficial for young people, and should be considered much earlier. Empirical evidence is unable to substantiate either position. We aimed to (1) explore the experience of predictive genetic testing for HD from the young person's perspective and to (2) document the impact that testing has upon various aspects of young people's lives. Eight young people who had undergone predictive genetic testing for HD were interviewed. They ranged in age from 17 to 25 years at the time of their test. Four were female and two had received a gene‐positive test result. Interviews were taped, transcribed and analyzed thematically. Three themes emerged related to the time before the test was performed: “Living as though gene‐positive,” “Risk behaviors,” and “Complex pasts.” Two themes emerged related to the time after testing: “Identity difficulties” and “Living again.” When the young people spoke about their experiences of predictive testing, they placed these within a broader context of growing up in a family affected by HD. For some of the young people, uncertainty about their genetic status constituted a barrier in their lives and prevented them from moving forward. Testing alleviated these barriers in some cases and helped them to move forward and make significant behavioral changes. Not one of the young people interviewed regretted undergoing predictive testing. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Search for correlations between FBN1 genotype and complete Ghent phenotype in 44 unrelated Norwegian patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Rand‐Hendriksen Svend , Tjeldhorn Lena , Lundby Rigmor , Semb Svein Ove , Offstad Jon , Andersen Kai , Geiran Odd , Paus Benedicte 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn monogenic disorders, correlation between genotype and phenotype is a premise for predicting prognosis in affected patients. Predictive genetic testing may enable prophylaxis and promote clinical follow‐up. Although Marfan syndrome (MFS) is known as a monogenic disorder, according to the present diagnostic criteria a mutation in the gene FBN1 is not sufficient for the diagnosis, which also depends on the presence of a number of clinical, radiological, and other findings. The fact that MFS patient cohorts only infrequently have been examined for all relevant phenotypic manifestations may have contributed to inconsistent reports of genotype–phenotype correlations. In the Norwegian Study of Marfan syndrome, all participants were examined for all findings contained in the Ghent nosology by the same investigators. Mutation identification was carried out by robot‐assisted direct sequencing of the entire FBN1 coding sequence and MLPA analysis. A total of 46 mutations were identified in 44 unrelated patients, all fulfilling Ghent criteria. Although no statistically significant correlation could be obtained, the data indicate associations between missense or splice site mutations and ocular manifestations. While mutations in TGF‐domains were associated with the fulfillment of few major criteria, severe affection was indicated in two cases with C‐terminal mutations. Intrafamilial phenotypic variation among carriers of the same mutation, suggesting the influence of epigenetic facors, complicates genetic counseling. The usefulness of predictive genetic testing in FBN1 mutations requires further investigation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bifid tongue: A rare feature associated with infants of diabetic mother syndrome
Authors: James Aaron W. , Culver Kathy , Hall Bryan , Golabi Mahin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInfants born to diabetic mothers (IDM) are well documented to have a higher rate of congenital malformations. Sacral agenesis/hypogenesis and caudal dysgenesis are classically linked to maternal diabetes, but many other types of anomalies are more frequent. In this case report, we describe a male infant born to a diabetic mother who in addition to other typical congenital abnormalities was born with an impressive bifid tongue. Accompanying congenital anomalies include unilateral microphthalmia, bilateral microtia, cleft palate, micropenis with unilateral cryptorchidism, bilateral radial hypoplasia, unilateral pre‐axial polydactyly, and mid‐line central nervous system defects including arhinencephaly and pituitary hypoplasia. Review of the literature reveals an additional case of an infant with a bifid tongue born to a diabetic mother [Comess et al., 1969]. In conclusion, bifid tongue without oral hamartoma, a rare congenital anomaly, can be an associated finding in IDM. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystallization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) by exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets
Authors: Miloaga Dana G. , Hosein Hazel‐Ann A. , Misra Manjusri , Drzal Lawrence T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been shown to be efficiently nucleated by exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP). The nucleating effect of xGnP was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Nonisothermal crystallization of PHB from the melt required lower activation energies for PHB containing 1 wt % and 3 wt % xGnP (−214 and −102 kJ/mol respectively) than for pure PHB (−60 kJ/mol). A kinetic study of the PHB/xGnP crystallization employing a modified form of the Avrami equation revealed that the presence of xGnP increased the PHB crystallization temperature, as well as the crystallization rates, and generated smaller and more numerous spherulites. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed the incorporation of xGnP into the lamellar structure of the PHB spherulites and provided insight into the influence of xGnP on spherulite size and lamellae thickness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007