bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated Light–Dark Phase Shifts Modulate Voluntary Ethanol Intake in Male and Female High Alcohol‐Drinking (HAD1) Rats
Authors: Clark James W. , Fixaris Michael C. , Belanger Gabriel V. , Rosenwasser Alan M. 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Chronic disruption of sleep and other circadian biological rhythms, such as occurs in shift work or in frequent transmeridian travel, appears to represent a significant source of allostatic load, leading to the emergence of stress‐related physical and psychological illness. Recent animal experiments have shown that these negative health effects may be effectively modeled by exposure to repeated phase shifts of the daily light–dark (LD) cycle. As chronobiological disturbances are thought to promote relapse in abstinent alcoholics, and may also be associated with increased risk of subsequent alcohol abuse in nonalcoholic populations, the present experiment was designed to examine the effects of repeated LD phase shifts on voluntary ethanol intake in rats. A selectively bred, high alcohol‐drinking (HAD1) rat line was utilized to increase the likelihood of excessive alcoholic‐like drinking.Methods:  Male and female rats of the selectively bred HAD1 rat line were maintained individually under a LD 12:12 cycle with both ethanol (10% v/v) and water available continuously. Animals in the experimental group were subjected to repeated 6‐hour LD phase advances at 3 to 4 week intervals, while control rats were maintained under a stable LD cycle throughout the study. Contact‐sensing drinkometers were used to monitor circadian lick patterns, and ethanol and water intakes were recorded weekly.Results:  Control males showed progressively increasing ethanol intake and ethanol preference over the course of the study, but males exposed to chronic LD phase shifts exhibited gradual decreases in ethanol drinking. In contrast, control females displayed decreasing ethanol intake and ethanol preference over the course of the experiment, while females exposed to experimental LD phase shifts exhibited a slight increase in ethanol drinking.Conclusions:  Chronic circadian desynchrony induced by repeated LD phase shifts resulted in sex‐specific modulation of voluntary ethanol intake, reducing ethanol intake in males while slightly increasing intake in females. While partially contrary to initial predictions, these results are consistent with extensive prior research showing that chronic stress may either increase or decrease ethanol intake, depending on strain, sex, stressor type, and experimental history. Thus, repeated LD phase shifts may provide a novel chronobiological model for the analysis of stress effects on alcohol intake.
Thymocytes, Pre‐B Cells, and Organ Changes in a Mouse Model of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion—Absence of Subset‐Specific Glucocorticoid‐Induced Immune Cell Loss
Authors: Cook Robert T. , Schlueter Annette J. , Coleman Ruth A. , Tygrett Lorraine , Ballas Zuhair K. , Jerrells Thomas R. , Nashelsky Marcus B. , Ray Nancy B. , Haugen Thomas H. , Waldschmidt Thomas J. 
Published: August 2007

Background: The well‐known immune deficiency of the chronic alcoholic dictates the need for a long‐term rodent ethanol administration model to evaluate the baseline immunologic effects of chronic ethanol abuse, and investigate the genetic determinants of those effects. Much published work with rodents has shown clearly that acute ethanol administration and short‐term ethanol‐containing liquid diets both cause elevated corticosterone and can cause significant thymocyte, pre‐B cell and peripheral lymphocyte losses. Such losses may mask more subtle alterations in immune homeostasis, and in any case are generally short‐lived compared with the span of chronic ethanol abuse. Thus, it is important to have a model in which long‐term immune alterations can be studied free of corticosteroid‐induced cell losses.Methods: We have utilized chronic 20% (w/v) ethanol in water administration to several mouse strains for prolonged periods of time and evaluated serum corticosterone, immunologic stress parameters, and other organ changes by standard methods.Results: We now confirm earlier reports that chronic ethanol in water administration to mice does not produce net elevations of corticosterone, although diurnal variation is altered. Importantly, there is neither selective loss of immune cell populations known to be corticosteroid sensitive, CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and pre‐B cells, nor are changes observed in the histologic appearance of the thymus. Nonetheless, there are significant chronic ethanol effects in other tissues, including reduced heart weight, mild hepatic steatosis, alterations of gut flora, increased serum peptidoglycan, and as published elsewhere, immune system abnormalities.Conclusions: This model of ethanol administration is convenient, sustainable for up to 1 year, demonstrably feasible in several mouse strains, permits good weight gains in most strains, and results in significant changes in a number of organs. The administration method also will permit modeling of long‐term steady abuse punctuated by major binges, and is suitable for supplementation studies using water soluble additives. Overall, the method is useful for a wide range of studies requiring a chronic low‐stress method of ethanol administration.
Comparison of Nd:YAG Surgical Laser and Remorgida Bipolar Electrosurgery Forceps for Canine Laparoscopic Ovariectomy
Authors: VAN NIMWEGEN SEBASTIAAN A. , KIRPENSTEIJN JOLLE 
Published: August 2007

Objective— To investigate and compare technique, surgical time, and complications of canine laparoscopic ovariectomy using Nd:YAG surgical laser and Remorgida bipolar electrosurgery forceps.Study Design— Randomized, prospective clinical trial.Animals— Female dogs (n=40) for elective ovariectomy.Methods— Dogs had bilateral ovariectomy with one ovary randomly assigned to removal by use of Nd:YAG surgical laser with a 600 μm optical fiber in contact mode and the other ovary to removal by use of a Remorgida forceps (featuring bipolar electrocoagulation with simultaneous sharp resection). Duration of predetermined surgery intervals and complications were compared between techniques. Additionally, the effects of several intraoperative variables on surgical time were evaluated.Results— Ovariectomy by use of Remorgida forceps required significantly less time than laser ovariectomy but intraoperative hemorrhage was not reduced. Surgical time was significantly increased in obese dogs, depending on the amount of fat in the ovarian ligament. Intraoperative hemorrhage had no significant influence on surgical time.Conclusion— Both ovariectomy techniques were effective but the Remorgida forceps can be used as a relatively inexpensive, stand‐alone device that decreases surgical time compared with Nd:YAG laser ovariectomy.Clinical Relevance— Novel techniques, such as laser and combined bipolar electrosurgical and cutting forceps aim to reduce surgery duration, complication rates and recovery time in laparoscopic surgery.
Plasma Lactate as a Predictor of Colonic Viability and Survival After 360° Volvulus of the Ascending Colon in Horses
Authors: JOHNSTON KIMBERLY , HOLCOMBE SUSAN J. , HAUPTMAN JOE G. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives—To determine the relationship between plasma lactate concentration and colonic viability and survival in horses with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Horses (n=73) with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.Methods—Medical records (January 2000–November 2005) of all horses examined for colic at Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Horses were included only if plasma lactate concentration was measured preoperatively and a diagnosis of ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon was confirmed by surgery or necropsy. Non‐survivors were only included if the ascending colon was evaluated histopathologically. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between lactate, colonic viability, and survival.Results—Of 73 horses, 61 were discharged. Mean (±SD) plasma lactate concentration was significantly lower in survivors (2.98±2.53 mmol/L) compared with non‐survivors (9.48±5.22 mmol/L; odds ratio [OR]=1.628, 95% confidence limit [CI]=1.259–2.105). Plasma lactate concentration was significantly lower in horses with a viable colon (3.30±2.85 mmol/L) compared with horses with a non‐viable colon (9.1±6.09 mmol/L; OR=1.472, 95% CI=1.173–1.846). Plasma lactate concentration <6.0 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity 83% for predicting horse survival.Conclusions—Our results demonstrate a strong association between plasma lactate concentration at the time of hospital admission and outcome in horses with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.Clinical Relevance—Plasma lactate concentration may help predict colonic viability and horse survival after ascending colon volvulus in horses.
Measurement of Femoral Angles in Four Dog Breeds
Authors: TOMLINSON JAMES , FOX DEREK , COOK JAMES L. , KELLER G. GREG 
Published: August 2007

Objective— To develop a standard method of measurement for femoral angles and report values for normal Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers.Study Design— Retrospective evaluation of canine pelvis and femoral radiographs.Sample Population— Radiographs of Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers (n=100 for each breed).Methods— Anatomic lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, and femoral angle of inclination were measured from radiographs.Results— For the 4 breeds (Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers, respectively) anatomic lateral distal femoral angles were 97°, 97°, 94°, and 98°; mechanical lateral distal femoral angles were 100°, 100°, 97°, and 100°; anatomic lateral proximal femoral angles were 103°, 98°, 101°, and 96°; mechanical lateral proximal femoral angles were 100°, 95°, 97°, and 93°; and inclination angles were 134°, 134°, 132°, and 137°. Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers had significantly higher values for both anatomic and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle than German Shepherds. Anatomic and mechanical lateral proximal angles were greatest for Labrador Retrievers and lowest for Rottweilers.Conclusion— Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles vary between breeds of dogs.Clinical Relevance— Values for femoral joint angles may be clinically useful for angular limb deformity diagnosis, treatment, and assessment.
Biomechanical Characteristics of an Implant Used to Secure Semitendinosus–Gracilis Tendon Grafts in a Canine Model of Extra‐Articular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: LOPEZ MANDI J. , SPENCER NAKIA , CASEY JOHN P. , MONROE WILLIAM TODD 
Published: August 2007

Objective— To compare initial femoral fixation properties of a new implant, Graftgrab (GG), with 2 established methods of extra‐articular femoral graft fixation, spiked washers (SW) and bone staples (ST).Study Design— Experimental in vitro cohort study.Methods— Canine semitendinosus–gracilis tendon grafts were passed through bone tunnels and fixed to the lateral surface of femoral condyles with spiked washers, bone staples, or new implant prototypes. The fixations were tested to failure with a single‐cycle load at a rate of 50 mm/min. Failure and yield strength, stiffness, energy, and elongation were determined from load–displacement curves and failure modes were recorded.Results— The graft failed midsubstance in 4 SW, 4 ST, and 1 GG fixations. In 3 SW, 3 ST, and 1 GG specimens, the graft slipped from the fixation. The graft ruptured at the clip (3) and the intra‐articular (2) surface of the bone tunnel in the remaining GG specimens. There were no significant differences between fixation groups in femoral tunnel length, femoral width, or the mechanical properties evaluated.Conclusions— The initial in vitro mechanical properties of the new fixation implant are comparable with those of spiked washers and bone staples.Clinical Relevance— The initial mechanical performance of the new implant tested in this study was similar to those of comparable, established implants. The new implant is novel and may be useful for human anterior and veterinary cranial cruciate ligament graft reconstruction fixation.
Kinetic Gait Analysis of Healthy Dogs on Two Different Surfaces
Authors: KAPATKIN AMY S. , ARBITTIER GREGG , KASS PHILIP H. , GILLEY ROBERT S. , SMITH GAIL K. 
Published: August 2007

Objective—To determine the effects of 2 different, commonly used surfaces with different coefficients of friction on ground reaction forces in normal dogs.Study Design—Prospective, observational, single cross‐over study.Animals—Dogs (n=10) with no gait abnormalities.Methods—Dogs were acclimated to the force plate and 5 valid trials for each dog and each limb were recorded. Velocity and acceleration were tightly controlled. Each dog was tested on both surfaces sequentially in different sequences. Data analysis was done on peak vertical force, peak impulse, breaking and propulsion peak forces and impulses. Three‐way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to separately evaluate the effect of floor type on force plate measures in fore and hind limbs, while controlling for side (left versus right) and experimental replicate.P‐values<.05 were considered significant. Mean force and 95% confidence interval for the 6 variables analyzed for all limbs on each surface were calculated.Results—There were no significant differences in ground reaction forces between the linoleum and the carpet surface for thoracic or pelvic limbs for all gait variables measured. There were no significant differences between each individual gait trial per dog between the right and left thoracic limbs trials nor differences between the right and left pelvic limb trials.Conclusions—Normal dogs had no change in their ground reaction forces on linoleum and carpet surfaces.Clinical Relevance—Kinetic results from multi‐center or comparative trials will not be affected by use of either linoleum or carpet surfaces.
Improving health profile of blood donors as a consequence of transfusion safety efforts
Authors: Edgren Gustaf , Tran Trung Nam , Hjalgrim Henrik , Rostgaard Klaus , Shanwell Agneta , Titlestad Kjell , Wikman Agneta , Norda Rut , Jersild Casper , Wideroff Louise , Gridley Gloria , Adami Johanna , Melbye Mads , Nyrén Olof , Reilly Marie 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: Transfusion safety rests heavily on the health of blood donors. Although they are perceived as being healthier than average, little is known about their long‐term disease patterns and to which extent the blood banks' continuous efforts to optimize donor selection has resulted in improvements. Mortality and cancer incidence among blood donors in Sweden and Denmark was investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All computerized blood bank databases were compiled into one database, which was linked to national population and health data registers. With a retrospective cohort study design, 1,110,329 blood donors were followed for up to 35 years from first computer‐registered blood donation to death, emigration, or December 31, 2002. Standardized mortality and incidence ratios expressed relative risk of death and cancer comparing blood donors to the general population.RESULTS: Blood donors had an overall mortality 30 percent lower (99% confidence interval [CI] 29%‐31%) and cancer incidence 4 percent lower (99% CI 2%‐5%) than the background population. Mortality rates and cancer incidence were lowest for outcomes that are recognized as being related to lifestyle factors such as smoking or to the selection criteria for blood donation. Blood donors recruited in more recent years exhibited a lower relative mortality than those who started earlier.CONCLUSION: Blood donors enjoy better than average health. Explicit and informal requirements for blood donation in Scandinavia, although mostly of a simple nature, have successfully refined the selection of a particularly healthy subpopulation.
Overnight storage of whole blood: a comparison of two designs of butane‐1,4‐diol cooling plates
Authors: Van Der Meer Pieter F. , Pietersz Ruby N.I. 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: Whole blood (WB) can be stored overnight before processing, provided that it is quickly cooled to room temperature (20‐25°C), for example, with butane‐1,4‐diol plates. A new design of cooling plates became available (CompoCool‐WB, Fresenius HemoCare), where WB must be placed vertically against the plates, versus placing of WB under plates in the current version (Compocool). This study compared cooling efficiency and in vitro quality of plasma and of stored white cell (WBC)‐reduced red cells (RBCs) from overnight‐stored WB, cooled with either of the systems.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Temperature curves following cooling with Compocool or CompoCool‐WB were studied with a 25 percent glycerol solution as simulated WB. WB from voluntary donors was cooled with Compocool or CompoCool‐WB, stored overnight at room temperature, centrifuged, and separated into components. WBC‐reduced RBCs in SAGM were stored until Day 42 with measurement of in vitro parameters (n = 23/group).RESULTS: Simulated WB reached a temperature of less than 25°C after 2:15 ± 1:04 hours for Compocool versus 1:39 ± 0:38 hours for CompoCool‐WB (p = 0.02). On Day 35, RBCs had a hemolysis of 0.3 ± 0.2 percent in both groups, and ATP levels were 3.3 ± 0.5 and 3.6 ± 0.5 µmol per g hemoglobin for Compocool and CompoCool‐WB, respectively (not significant). Factor VIII content in plasma was 1.05 ± 0.25 and 0.97 ± 0.18 IU per mL for Compocool and CompoCool‐WB, respectively.CONCLUSION: WB can be cooled to room temperature within 2 hours with both Compocool and CompoCool‐WB butane‐1,4‐diol plates, improving temperature uniformity in WB donations. Application of either design for overnight storage of WB at room temperature had no adverse effects on the composition of subsequently prepared blood components.
Warm storage of whole blood for 72 hours
Authors: Hughes J.D. , Macdonald V.W. , Hess J.R. 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: In field emergency medicine, fresh whole‐blood units are stored at room temperature up to 24 hours or occasionally longer. Few data exist on the integrity and in vitro functional properties of whole blood stored warm beyond 24 hours.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten citrate phosphate dextrose solution whole‐blood units were collected and divided into two equal volumes. One‐half of each unit was stored at 19°C and the other half was stored at 25°C, encompassing the accepted range for room temperature storage. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours, aliquots were collected from each unit and whole blood analyzed for cell counts, gases, and clotting function with thromboelastography, red cells for intracellular analytes, platelet (PLT)‐rich plasma for aggregometry, and the supernatant for hemoglobin, potassium, glucose, lactate, and plasma clotting studies.RESULTS: Whole‐blood units stored at room temperature maintained cellular counts and coagulation activity for up to 72 hours. Units stored at 19°C demonstrated greater RBC adenosine triphosphate and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (DPG) content and stronger responses in PLT aggregation studies when compared with 25°C storage. No significant hemolysis was observed, and no bacterial growth was detected.CONCLUSION: Storage of whole blood at room temperature for 72 hours leads to marked reductions in pH and DPG, but the observed reduction in PLT function and plasma coagulation factor activity was surprisingly modest compared to literature values. These findings should prompt additional investigation, given their potential importance for whole blood processing and field‐expedient transfusion.
Impairment of the hemostatic potential of platelets during storage as evaluated by flow cytometry, thrombin generation, and thrombelastography under conditions promoting formation of coated platelets
Authors: Svendsen Mette S. , Rojkjaer Rasmus , Kristensen Annemarie T. , Salado‐Jimena José A. , Kjalke Marianne , Johansson Pär I. 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: The increasing demand for platelet (PLT) transfusions has focused attention on appropriate use. Coated PLTs are a subpopulation of highly procoagulant PLTs formed by simultaneous stimulation by the agonist's collagen and thrombin hypothesized to drive clot formation at the site of vascular injury. Prolonged storage of PLTs may reduce their ability to support optimal hemostasis upon transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT concentrates (PCs) stored for 1, 4, 6, and 8 days were costimulated with thrombin and the collagen glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor agonist convulxin, and their ability to form coated PLTs was determined by flow cytometry. Further, a plasma‐based thrombin generation assay and thrombelastography were used to evaluate the aged PCs' capacity to support thrombin generation and clot formation, respectively. The stored PCs were additionally tested by standard quality control methods.RESULTS: PLT quality as measured by standard analyses was acceptable according to current practice. The hemostatic potential, however, was impaired with increasing storage time. The formation of coated PLTs decreased significantly from approximately 85 to 55 percent with increasing storage time (p  < 0.05). The velocity of clot formation was significantly increased from Day 4 (p  < 0.05). The velocity of thrombin generation and resistance against fibrinolysis were significantly reduced on Day 8 compared to Day 1 of storage (p  < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Data in the present study suggest that storage significantly reduced the stored PLTs' ability to respond to conditions expected to exist at the site of vascular injury and that storage‐induced reduction in PLT activation sensitivity correlated with a loss of hemostatic potential.
NGOs and the “Information Society”: Grassroots Advocacy at the UN—A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Franklin M.I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article looks at the United Nations‐brokered World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in light of nongovernmental organization participation as a full partner in consultations and decisions. Combining participation‐observation fieldwork, interviews, and eye‐witness accounts with a selective content analysis of key WSIS documentation, official and dissenting, the article presents the occupational hazards of this sort of encounter between civil society participants, government, and business sectors as global information and communication technologies (ICTs) and media agenda‐setting partners. It focuses on the hazards of key word strategies in what are now irrevocably computer‐embedded domains for action and access. Hyperlinked textual production and related key word search functionalities are now, I argue, integral to global agenda‐setting in the intertwined areas of ICT, media, and sociocultural policy. This formal encounter between multilateral institutions and social justice and ICT advocacy, online and on the ground, raises new questions for policy research in these domains, questions that require fresh approaches.