bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Writing, Reading, and Teaching
Authors: Blatt Burton 
Published: December 2008

Though Professor Blatt died this past January, he provided me with a number of dialectic pieces which I shall utilize throughout this year. In forwarding this particular piece, Blatt wrote, “I'm trying to avoid getting too deeply into the writing of a new book—always the hardest part of writing (as you know). So I've been writing book reviews, professor stories, and polemics of one sort or another.” It is this writing of last fall that I shall print in the dialectic column thoughout 1985. He continued, “Enclosed is something I just finished which may be a suitable candidate for Dialectic. Everybody reads journals such as the Journal of Learning Disabilities, and everybody knows that there have to be people to write those articles and books. But I don't think we try to understand sufficiently the connections between reading and writing, as well as how those activities relate to the art of teaching. Hence this paper.” Do read this piece carefully, for there is much to learn; first about your motive as the reader, second how as teacher/writer you change your relationship to the printed word, and ultimately how you resolve these two perspectives. In this resolution is potentially much self-understanding, if only you'll give it a thought.—G.M.S.
Rasch analysis of the Fatigue Severity Scale in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mills RJ , Young CA , Nicholas RS , Pallant JF , Tennant A 
Published: December 2008

Background The 9-item, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-9) has been widely used as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis (MS). Modern psychometric theory, in the form of the Rasch measurement model, has set new quality standards for outcome measures by appraising a broad range of measurement properties in addition to the reliability and validity emphasized by classical test theory. Objective To appraise the FSS-9 by application of the Rasch model. Method The FSS-9 was posted to patients with clinically definite MS in two centers in the United Kingdom. Analysis was based on 416 records (55% response). Results The 9-item scale failed to meet Rasch model expectations. Two items had poor discrimination across the scale, and two further items showed bias for factors such as age. Removal of these four items provided a valid 5-item Rasch scale that satisfied strict tests of unidimensionality. Conclusion Summating the nine items of the FSS-9 is invalid. Five items (FSS-5), which seem to be measuring the social impact of fatigue, provide a strictly unidimensional Rasch scale. Studies using the FSS-9 may need to be re-evaluated using the FSS-5, preferably using the Rasch transformed scores.
Characteristic Fluorescence Behavior of Dialkynylpyrene Derivatives in Hydrophobic Cavity of Protein
Authors: Shinmori Hideyuki , Furukawa Hirotoshi , Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Shimizu Hisao , Inouye Masahiko , Takeuchi Toshifumi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Water-soluble fluorescent molecules consisting of dialkynylpyrene skeleton with an oxyethylene unit were designed and synthesized for interacting with hydrophobic cavities of proteins. In the presence of serum albumin, the fluorescent spectra of dialkynylpyrene derivatives were remarkably changed. These behavior can be explained by monomer–excimer emission switching and twisted intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism.
Reconstructing continuity of care in mental health services: A multilevel conceptual framework
Authors: Wierdsma André , Mulder Cornelis , De Vries Sanne , Sytema Sjoerd 
Published: December 2008

Continuity of mental health care is a key issue in the organization and evaluation of services for patients with disabling chronic conditions. Over many years, health services researchers have been exploring the conceptual boundaries between continuity of care and other service characteristics. On the basis of papers published over the past decade, we argue that while conceptual consensus is growing, there is room to improve continuity measures, and the development of practical interventions is still at an early stage. There is growing consensus that continuity of care is a multidimensional concept. We identified four core elements: continuous care; care of an individual patient; cross-boundary care; and care recorded objectively. These elements help clarify conceptual boundaries, and incorporate measurement guidelines. With reference to these core elements, we define types of continuity of care, including informational continuity, management continuity, relational continuity and contact continuity. In order to improve continuity of care, better understanding is needed of the complex inter-relationship of core elements and types of continuity. A multilevel perspective on continuity of care can guide research to develop and evaluate new interventions. Achieving continuity of care is hindered by the lack of standard measures and administrative data appropriate to assessing continuity. Account should be taken not only of the nature of the patient population, but also of local conditions. To address these topics and identify best practices, research should be multidisciplinary and take a comparative, naturalistic form.
Causes, consequences, detection, and prevention of identification errors in laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Blanckaert Norbert , Bonini Pierangelo , Green Sol , Kitchen Steve , Palicka Vladimir , Vassault Anne J. , Mattiuzzi Camilla , Plebani Mario 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLaboratory diagnostics, a pivotal part of clinical decision making, is no safer than other areas of healthcare, with most errors occurring in the manually intensive preanalytical process. Patient misidentification errors are potentially associated with the worst clinical outcome due to the potential for misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy. While it is misleadingly assumed that identification errors occur at a low frequency in clinical laboratories, misidentification of general laboratory specimens is around 1% and can produce serious harm to patients, when not promptly detected. This article focuses on this challenging issue, providing an overview on the prevalence and leading causes of identification errors, analyzing the potential adverse consequences, and providing tentative guidelines for detection and prevention based on direct-positive identification, the use of information technology for data entry, automated systems for patient identification and specimen labeling, two or more identifiers during sample collection and delta check technology to identify significant variance of results from historical values. Once misidentification is detected, rejection and recollection is the most suitable approach to manage the specimen.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:143–53.
Written Ballot, Secret Ballot and the iudicia publica. A note on the leges tabellariae (Cicero, De legibus 3.3339)
Authors: Feig Vishnia Rachel 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Cicero, who is our main source for the leges tabellariae (De legibus 3.3339), which were gradually introduced into all comitial voting between 139107 BCE, claims that the written ballot, by allowing the voters to hide their choice, decreased the power of the ruling elite, but provides meager information as to their background or implications. Modern scholars have long debated about the significance of these laws. Many believe that the laws, which have supposedly introduced the secret ballot, increased the power of the people during the late Republic. Others stress the fact that the laws did not bring about any evident change in the patterns of politics or office-holding, and therefore doubt whether they have indeed strengthened the ,democratic' element in Roman politics. Viewed from this angle, it is impossible to determine unequivocally whether the laws were ‘democratic’ or ‘conservative’. This paper offers a different reading of Cicero′s text. Arguing that ‘written ballot’ is not necessarily equivalent to ‘secret ballot’, it takes its cue from the fact that Cicero, although relating to all comitial laws, speaks in fact only of judicial matters, which were, in his days, handled by the permanent law-courts. Since the law-courts seem to have been abolished in favor of the old iudicia populi in the De legibus, this paper attempts to investigate whether it is possible that Cicero was in fact attacking, by transference, the voting procedures in the law-courts, the only voting body in Rome where secrecy was strictly enforced.
Herodes der Große als Antiochus redivivus in apokrypher und josephischer Deutung. Mit einem Ausblick auf eine konstruktivistische Herodesforschung.
Authors: Eckhardt Benedikt 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung
Die Herodeserzählungen des Josephus enthalten Stilisierungen der Gegner des Königs als Märtyrer, die eine bestimmte Deutung des Königs nahe legen: Herodes erscheint als Fremdherrscher im eigenen Land, als Antiochus redivivus. Die Vorbilder für eine solche Darstellung sind nicht in einem konkreten Text, etwa dem zweiten Makkabäerbuch oder der Assumptio Mosis, zu finden; dennoch lassen sich zwei Schichten der Deutung unterscheiden: Zuerst die in apokryphen Schriften nachweisbare Deutung des Herodes als Endtyrann, die bereits in Anlehnung an eine um Antiochos IV. entstandene Erinnerungskultur zur Darstellung gebracht wird, dann die Deutung des Josephus, der die Reminiszenzen an die antiochische Verfolgung übernimmt und durch klassische Tyrannentopoi ergänzt. So entfällt der eschatologische Gehalt, Herodes wird zum Tyrannen nach griechischem und jüdischem Maßstab. Zukünftige Forschungsmöglichkeiten wurden in der Analyse von Strategien der Legitimation und Delegitimation der Herrschaft des Herodes gesehen, die besonders im Bericht der Antiquitates nebeneinander stehen. Da in den meisten Fällen nicht entschieden werden kann, ob bestimmte Deutungen Josephus oder seinen unbekannten Quellen zuzuschreiben sind, erscheint ein anderer Zugang notwendig: Es gilt, das Funktionieren der Strategien zu analysieren  und auf dieser Ebene das Herodesbild des Josephusberichts zu erklären.
Provvedimenti imperiali per comunita` colpite da terremoti nel III sec. d. C.
Authors: Conti Stefano 
Published: December 2008

Riassunto
Il presente studio analizza le forme d′intervento messe in atto in seguito ai terremoti dagli imperatori di I e II sec., da Augusto fino a Comodo, per aiutare le popolazioni colpite: in particolare fornirono aiuti economici e tecnici per la ricostruzione ed esentarono municipia e coloniae dal pagamento delle imposte.
Da parte loro le comunità ricambiarono gli aiuti omaggiando il regnante di turno con statue e iscrizioni: volevano così dare risalto a quello che il potere centrale aveva fatto per loro.
Nella ricerca sui provvedimenti seguiti ai terremoti, si evidenzia pertanto la volontà dell′imperatore di mostrarsi come un governante generoso e pronto a soccorrere le città provinciali.
Derecho de asilo en época de Valeriano?
Authors: Mentxaka Rosa 
Published: December 2008

Resumen
EL artículo tiene por objeto analizar el primer edicto de Valeriano contra los cristianos (Acta Cypriani 1,3ss. y Eus., HE VII,11,10) y estudiar las razones que llevaron a la autoridad imperial a impedir las asambleas conciliares y la entrada en los cementerios. Tras cuestionar la propuesta interpretativa efectuada por Buenacasa, según la cual a mediados del siglo III p. C. los cementerios serían lugares de asilo, se sugieren otras hipótesis: a. la existencia de una jerarquía eclesiástica organizada y con un importante patrimonio pudo conducir al emperador a dirigirse contra la Iglesia como estructura y por ello fueron prohibidas las asambleas deliberativas de la jerarquía eclesiástica y b. al impedir el ejercicio del derecho de reunión del clero con los fieles se desearía evitar la difusión de una cierta apología del martirio y de la resistencia al cumplimiento de la ley.
Das Königtum der Sasaniden  Strukturen und Probleme. Bemerkungen aus althistorischer Sicht
Authors: Börm Henning 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung
Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist ein Überblick über die spätantike persische Monarchie. Die sasanidischen Könige waren die bedeutendsten Gegenspieler der römischen Kaiser; doch aufgrund der schwierigen Quellenlage fällt es schwer, zu gesicherten Erkenntnissen über ihre Position gegenüber den Priestern und den Adel, die Modalitäten der Thronfolge und die Formen der Herrschaftslegitimation zu gelangen. Angesichts des Umstandes, daß die Großkönige ihre Macht mehr als 400 Jahre lang behaupten konnten, kann die sasanidische Monarchie allerdings insgesamt als ein Erfolgsmodell gelten, das auch das spätrömische Kaisertum beeinflußt haben könnte.
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii in Striped Bass
Authors: Gauthier D. T. , Vogelbein W. K. , Rhodes M. W. , Reece K. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Wild striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay are experiencing a high prevalence of mycobacteriosis, which produces granulomatous lesions of the skin and visceral organs. Culture based studies have indicated that the newly described species Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are the dominant isolates from diseased fish. The classical fish pathogen M. marinum is also found, albeit at much lower frequencies. Both M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are extremely slow growing on standard selective media, and up to 12 months may be required for isolation and characterization. Epidemiological studies of mycobacteriosis in Chesapeake Bay would therefore benefit from rapid molecular assays with which to detect these species in fish. In this paper, we describe the development of polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) assays capable of detecting M. shottsii, M. pseudoshottsii, and, in most instances, coinfections thereof in striped bass tissues. In addition, PCR–RFLP assays were designed to detect M. marinum and other as yet undescribed Mycobacterium spp. present in Chesapeake Bay striped bass. Comparison of these molecular assays with culture based techniques using splenic tissue from wild striped bass yielded generally concordant results and demonstrated the applicability of these techniques to the study of wild fish.
Selectivity in photocatalysis by particulate semiconductors
Authors: Karunakaran Chockalingam , Dhanalakshmi Ramamoorthy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTiO2, Fe2O3, CuO, ZnO, ZnS, Nb2O5, MoO3, CdO, CdS, Sb2O3, CeO2, HgO, Pb2O3, PbO2 and Bi2O3 microparticles exhibit band gap excitation with UV-A light but they are selective to photodegrade phenols. While TiO2 anatase and ZnO photocatalyze the degradation of phenol, o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, o-chlorophenol, m-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol, o-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol and quinol, MoO3 does not photodegrade any of the fifteen phenols. Fe2O3, CuO, ZnS, Nb2O5, CdO, CdS, Sb2O3, CeO2, HgO, Pb2O3, PbO2 and Bi2O3 are selective in photodegrading the fifteen phenols; however, the phenols get adsorbed over all sixteen particulate semiconductors.
Phase equilibria experiments and calculations for carbon dioxide + methanol binary system
Authors: Secuianu Catinca , Feroiu Viorel , Geană Dan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data for the carbon dioxide + methanol system was measured at 293.15, 298.15, 310.15, and 323.15 K. Phase behavior measurements were made in a high-pressure visual cell with variable volume, based on the static-analytic method. The pressure range under investigation was between 4.8 and 95.1 bar. The Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK)-EOS coupled with Huron-Vidal (HV) mixing rules and a reduced UNIQUAC model, was used in a semi-predictive approach, in order to represent the phase behavior (critical curve, isothermal VLE) of the system. The topology of the phase behavior of the carbon dioxide + methanol system is satisfactory predicted with the SRK/HV-residual UNIQUAC model.
Macrocyclic host cyclophosphazenes from aminolysis of N3P3CI6 by bis-(2-ortho-aminophenoxyethyl)ether
Authors: Tarassoli Abbas , Sedaghat Tahereh , Goudarzi Hamid-Reza 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAminolysis of N3P3CI6 by an oxodiamine, bis-(2-ortho-aminophenoxyethyl) ether, has been carried out under various experimental conditions and new products with different architectures have been obtained. The reaction in diethyl ether when using a Na2CO3-water interface process gives the mono-BINO as major product. Reaction on Al2O3/KOH leads to the spirocyclic compound, while, when the reaction is carried out in toluene in the presence of NEt3, a mixture of mono- and di-BINO products are obtained. These new products have been characterized by IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Determination of penicillin V potassium in pharmaceuticals and spiked human urine by chemiluminescence
Authors: Sorouraddin M. , Iranifam M. , Imani-Nabiyyi A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA simple and selective method for penicillin V potassium (PVK) determination by chemiluminescence (CL) was developed. Oxidation of PVK by alkaline hydrogen peroxide produces CL, which is greatly enhanced by N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB). Optimum conditions were established using luminometry. There is a linear relationship between the chemiluminescent peak height and the amount of PVK within the range 0.5–129.5 mg L−1, with a detection limit of 0.2 mg L−1. The coefficient of variation was 1.2% for 40 mg L−1 PVK solution (n = 7). The method is very simple, has high sensitivity and good selectivity, and is usable for process control. It was successfully utilized for the determination of PVK in pharmaceuticals and spiked human urine.
Synthesis, DNA interaction and antibacterial activities of La(III) and Gd(III) complexes of Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and lysine
Authors: Cheng Jian-Ping , Lin Qiu-Yue , Rui-Ding Hu , Zhu Wen-Zhong , Li Hua-Qiong , Wang Dong-Hang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo novel complexes, [La(HL)(H2O)2NO3] · NO3 · H2O and [Gd(HL)(H2O)2NO3] · NO3 · H2O, where HL is a Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and lysine, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR, 1H NMR and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The Schiff base ligand behaves as a tetradentate, coordinating through azomethine nitrogen, phenolic oxygen and two carboxylic oxygen atoms. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was also investigated by spectrometric titration and viscometric measurements. The faint hypochromism of the complexes in the absorption spectra, the remarkable reduction of fluorescence intensity of ethidium bromide (EB) bound DNA, together with a small decrease in the viscosity of the DNA suggest that a partial intercalation may be the preferred binding mode between these two complexes and DNA. The antibacterial activity testing revealed that the complexes and their precursor Schiff base show a weak to moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
An association analysis of Alzheimer disease candidate genes detects an ancestral risk haplotype clade in ACE and putative multilocus association between ACE, A2M, and LRRTM3
Authors: Edwards Todd L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret , Gilbert Johnny R. , Haines Jonathan L. , Martin Eden R. , Ritchie Marylyn D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathologic findings of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques that accumulate in vulnerable brain regions. AD etiology has been studied by many groups, but since the discovery of the APOE ε4 allele, no further genes have been mapped conclusively to late‐onset AD (LOAD). In this study, we examined genetic association with LOAD susceptibility in 738 Caucasian families (4,704 individuals) and an independent case–control dataset with 296 cases and 566 controls exploring 11 candidate genes (47 SNPs common to both samples). In addition to tests for main effects and haplotypes, the MDR‐PDT was used to search for gene–gene interactions in the family data. We observed significant haplotype effects in ACE in family and case–control samples using standard and cladistic haplotype models. ACE was also part of significant 2 and 3‐locus MDR‐PDT joint effects models with Alpha‐2‐Macroglobulin (A2M), which mediates the clearance of Aβ, and Leucine‐Rich Repeat Transmembrane‐3 (LRRTM3), a nested gene in Alpha‐3 Catenin (CTNNA3) which binds Presenilin‐1. This result did not replicate in the case–control sample, and may not be a true positive. These genes are related to Aβ clearance; thus this constellation of effects might constitute an axis of susceptibility for LOAD. The consistent ACE haplotype result between independent family‐based and unrelated case–control datasets is strong evidence in favor of ACE as a susceptibility locus for AD, and replicates results from several other studies in a large sample. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indentation of an oriented transparent polyamide
Authors: Yang Y. , Thompson G. , Song J. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, the effect of orientation on the indentation hardness and energy absorption of an oriented transparent Trogamid polyamide was investigated with a spherical indentation methodology. It was found that the orientation significantly improved the indentation hardness and energy absorbed by plastic deformation. From the indentation hardness measurement, the elastic modulus, yield stress, and strain hardening exponent were derived from both the elastic and plastic regions of the indentation load–displacement curves. The elastic modulus was found to remain the same with orientation; the yield stress and the strain hardening exponent increased with orientation. The increase in the strain hardening exponent was the primary reason for the improved indentation hardness and energy absorption in the oriented samples. The mechanical properties from indentation measurements were compared to values obtained from tension true stress/true strain measurements. Good agreement was observed between the results from the indentation and tension tests. The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties was also studied. It was found that the modulus and yield stress were higher at a lower temperature; however, the strain hardening exponent remained unaffected. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009