bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Sex Characteristics of Dermatophytosis in Gianyar, Indonesia
Authors: Putu Indah Budiapsari  , Ni Kadek Ari Purnama  , Sayu Widiawati  
Published: April 2024

Highlights:1. Although dermatophytes may typically cause mild infections, it is crucial to conduct continuous research due to their potential to cause severe diseases in individuals who are highly susceptible to infection.2. This study offers insight into the increased risk of developing dermatophytosis for female and adult individuals compared to male and younger individuals.

Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection caused by a filamentous fungus that attacks keratinized tissues on the skin, nails, and hair. The clinical manifestation of dermatophytosis is determined by the source. In addition, it can be influenced by host-related factors, such as age, sex, and race. These are significant epidemiological factors, although the association between these factors and susceptibility to infection has not been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between the incidence of dermatophytosis and host-related factors (i.e., age and sex) in Gianyar Regency, Indonesia. This observational study used a cross-sectional design and total sampling. A total of 100 samples were collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with dermatophytosis. The Chi-square test was employed to determine the correlation between the independent and dependent variables with a p-value of <0.05. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). The majority of patients with dermatophytes infection were adults over the age of 19 (74%) and females (57%). The most prevalent type of dermatophytosis was tinea corporis (36%). The Chi-square test revealed a significant association between the type of dermatophytosis and the variables being examined, namely age (p = 0.025; OR = 1.978; 95% CI = 1.087-3.599) and sex (p = 0.003; OR = 2.357; 95% CI = 1.334-4.162). In conclusion, the manifestation of certain types of dermatophytosis is associated with age and sex. The findings of this study recommend enhancing the detection of dermatophytosis infection, especially in adults (>19 years old) and women.
Artificial intelligence in changing pedagogical design
Authors: Chernykh S. I. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction.The article examines the grounds for changing pedagogical design under the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) applications introduced into educational practices. The author, as the main thesis, asserts the idea that the active introduction of AI applications into the educational process leads to a «blurring» of the subjectivity of students and trainees, as well as to the «formation» of AI as a «third subject» in traditional dual educational interaction.Purpose setting. The relevance of considering this problem is associated with the uncertainty of the consequences of the introduction of AI into learning processes, a decrease in the «quality» of an individual’s personal choice, as well as a reduction of the index of his responsibility for this choice.Methodology and methods of the study.The article shows that modern changes in the educational space, both global and Russian, are associated with a number of factors. The change in traditional architecture, the transformation of values and meanings, the universalization of educational standards combined with the individualization of educational trajectories, the active «emigration» to the virtual world – all this differentiates the educational community, destroying its socio-cultural identity.Results.The article emphasizes the position that the impact of AI on changing the entire learning architecture requires not only new didactics, but also fundamentally changes the entire pedagogical design. The reduction of the so-called «routine work» (that is, the one that is easier to algorithmize) – the search for information, the creation of primary textual and visual materials, the «prompt of rational choices» of actual goal-setting and goal-realization (etc.) «replace» many characteristics in the scope of an individual’s subjectivity. This literally detaches learning from upbringing and thereby deprives education of its holistic justification as a platform for its unity.Conclusion.The virtualization of thinking and cognitive potentials determines the obvious inconsistency in the vectors of transformation of educational interactions. If the first vector is aimed at intensifying learning technologies through AI as a «tool», then the second contains conditions for «blurring» the responsibility of educational subjects through its «substitution and shifting» to impersonal subjects-avatars.
Structural Evolution of the Pharmaceutical Peptide Octreotide upon Controlled Relative Humidity and Temperature Variation
Authors: Athanasiadou Maria , Papaefthymiou Christina , Kontarinis Angelos , Spiliopoulou Maria , Koutoulas Dimitrios , Konstantopoulos Marios , Kafetzi Stamatina , Barlos Kleomenis , Barlos Kostas K. , Dadivanyan Natalia , Beckers Detlef , Degen Thomas , Fitch Andrew N. , Margiolaki Irene 
Published: April 2024

Abstract	Octreotide is the first synthetic peptide hormone, consisted of eight amino acids, that mimics the activity of somatostatin, a natural hormone in the body. During the past decades, advanced instrumentation and crystallographic software established X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) as a valuable tool for extracting structural information of biological macromolecules. The latter was demonstrated by the successful structural determination of octreotide at a remarkably high d-spacing resolution (1.87 Å) (PDB code: 6vc1). This study focuses on the response of octreotide to different humidity levels and temperatures, with a particular focus on the stability of the polycrystalline sample. XRPD measurements were accomplished employing an Anton Paar MHC-trans humidity-temperature chamber installed within a laboratory X’Pert Pro diffractometer (Malvern Panalytical). The chamber is employed to control and maintain precise humidity and temperature levels of samples during XRPD data collection. Pawley analysis of the collected data sets revealed that the octreotide polycrystalline sample is remarkably stable and no structural transitions were observed. The compound retains its orthorhombic symmetry (space group: P212121, a = 18.57744(4) Å, b = 30.17338(6) Å, c = 39.70590(9) Å, d~ 2.35 Å). However, a characteristic structural evolution in terms of lattice parameters and volume of the unit-cell is reported mainly upon controlled relative humidity variation. In addition, an improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in the XRPD data under a cycle of dehydration/rehydration is reported. These results underline the importance of considering the impact of environmental factors, as humidity and temperature, in the context of structure-based drug design, thereby contributing to the development of more effective and stable pharmaceutical products.
The Influence of Obesity on Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Sandler Alexis B. , Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P. , Fares Austin B. , Dunn John C. , Parnes Nata 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Given the rising prevalence of obesity, the number of patients with obesity undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) will likely increase; however, there have been mixed results in the existing literature with regard to the effect of elevated body mass index (BMI) on functional outcomes and complications.

Methods:
The patient-reported outcome measures included the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, range of motion, and adverse events.

Results:
Fourteen studies (118,331 patients) were included. There were significant decreases in VAS pain scores for both patients with obesity (mean difference, −3.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), −3.9 to −3.7]; p < 0.001) and patients without obesity (mean difference, −3.2 [95% CI, −3.3 to −3.1]; p < 0.001). There were also significant increases in ASES scores for both patients with obesity (mean difference, 24.3 [95% CI, 22.5 to 26.1]; p < 0.001) and patients without obesity (mean difference, 24.3 [95% CI, 21.4 to 26.0]; p < 0.001). There were also significant increases in ASES scores for both patients with obesity (mean difference, 24.3 [95% CI, 22.5 to 26.1]; p < 0.001) and patients without obesity (mean difference, 24.3 [95% CI, 21.4 to 26.0]; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in final VAS pain scores, ASES scores, or range of motion between the groups. The mean rates of complications were higher among patients with obesity (1.2% ± 1.7%) than among patients without obesity (0.59% ± 0.11%) (p < 0.0001), and the mean rates of postoperative admissions were also higher among patients with obesity (5.9%) than patients without obesity (3.7%) (p < 0.0001). Although the mean rates of reoperation were similar between groups (5.2% ± 2.8% compared with 5.2% ± 4.2%), the meta-analysis revealed lower odds of reoperation in patients without obesity (odds ratio [OR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.82]).

Conclusions:
No significant or clinically important differences in postoperative pain, ASES scores, or range of motion were found between patients with and without obesity following arthroscopic RCR. However, populations with obesity had higher rates of complications, postoperative admissions, and reoperation following arthroscopic RCR.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Orthopaedic Personal Statement Thematic Review: Does Topic Matter?
Authors: Nham Fong , Court Tannor , Steelman Kevin , Chen Chaoyang , Tsai Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
In the process of applying into medical residency, the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) requires critical documents including a personal statement. Utility of personal statements are questioned based on suspected congruity of the content within personal statements among those who apply into orthopaedic surgery. The goal of this study was to identify and categorize the thematic elements found within the 2021 to 2022 personal statements of orthopaedic surgery applicants at a single institution and assess a correlation to interview invitation.

Methods:
Deidentified personal statements among 2021 to 2022 ERAS applicants were reviewed by the research staff and categorized into one of the proposed themes. Three hundred ninty-four applications passed initial screening filters, and 49 applicants were granted an interview. Proposed themes that were collected included: family of physician, working with hands, history of injury/disease, prior professional setting, immigration/travel, athlete/sports, reapplication, previous clinical experience, and other. χ2 test was used to analyze categorical themes and additional univariate group-to-group comparisons. Multivariate principal component analysis was performed to determine which themes were associated with interview invitation.

Results:
There was a significant difference in theme selection for an applicant’s personal statement (χ2 = 209.5, p < 0.001), but no statistical difference was observed between each individual categorical themes and interview selection. Univariate group-to-group comparison demonstrated greater interview rates between immigration/travel compared with reapplicant and family of physician compared with working with hands. Multivariate principal component analysis demonstrated immigration/travel as the theme with a positive correlation toward an interview invitation.

Conclusion:
Despite a significant focus of the application process into orthopaedic surgery residencies, our single-institution study did observe specific themes that were more prevalent. There was an increased interview rate between applicant's themes for immigration/travel and family of physician when comparing groups. Immigration/travel was also identified as the only significant theme associated with interview invitation which may be due to the recent emphasis on promoting diversity within orthopaedic surgery.
TENTACULITIDS IN SUBVERTICAL (LIFE) POSITION IN THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN ARKONA FORMATION, SOUTHERN ONTARIO, CANADA
Authors: TSUJITA CAMERON J. , BAIRD GORDON C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A horizon of aperture-up, subvertically oriented shells of Tentaculites in the Middle Devonian Arkona Formation (Hamilton Group) near Arkona, Ontario, Canada, is investigated with respect to burial processes, tentaculitid life habits, and associated diagenetic features. Field observations of the horizon in situ confirm previous suspicions that thick-walled tentaculitoids were benthic and oriented aperture-up in life. In this biocoenosis, tentaculitids vary from low-density populations to dense clumps, the latter sometimes showing grid-like arrangements. The mutual spacing of individuals reflects space demands of a feeding apparatus. The limited size range of the shells suggest that tentaculitid colonization event was brief, involving no more than two generational growth cohorts. Sedimentary features associated with the subvertical shells indicate that the seafloor mud inhabited by the tentaculitids was soft, but sufficiently cohesive to preserve microtopographic features, and prone to disturbance by storms. Preservation of their shells in (subvertical) life position necessitated rapid burial (via mud blanketing) without significant scouring. The emanation of sulfidic decay products from the tentaculitid shell apertures led to the local inhibition of later-precipitated calcareous concretionary cement. Preferential erosion of this material resulted in the development of circular pockmarks on concretion surfaces. The concretions themselves formed along a thin zone of alkalinity that developed below the sediment-water interface at the sulfate-methane boundary during a depositional hiatus sometime after the burial of the subvertical tentaculitids. Variations in the vertical positions of radially tilted tentaculitid shells apertures show undulations that, in turn, imply tentaculitids mutually adjusted their growth directions to maximize living space and/or food acquisition.
Establishment of tissue culture regeneration system of Phalaris arundinacea L. mature embryo
Authors: Bai Siriguleng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present study used the mature embryos of two varieties of Phalaris arundinacea L. (Tongxuan No.1 and Chuancao No.3) as explants. These explants were treated with 70% ethanol for 12 minutes under sterile conditions, sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 minutes, washed with distilled water, and inoculated on media containing different ratios of hormones to overcome the dormancy caused by seed pupae and seed coats and obtain the regenerated plants. The results showed that the total recovery rate of Tongxuan No.1 and Chuancao No.3 on the induction medium N6+3.0–4.0 mg/L 2,4-D reached 70%; Tongxuan No.1got the best differentiation rate of 95.38% on N6+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+2.0 mg/L 6-BA medium. Chuancao No. 3 on N6+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+4.0 mg/L 6-BA medium had the highest differentiation rate of 89.33%. Both varieties produced new regenerated plants.
The potential role of biological inhibition of nitrification in a fallow cropping system: a modelling approach
Authors: Ouattara Waogninlin Amed , Konaré Sarah , Tondoh Ebagnerin Jérôme , Barot Sébastien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To solve fertility problems, most smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa use fallow periods. However, population growth along with land shortage tend to shorten the duration of fallows, resulting in a steady decline in soil fertility. Assuming that nitrogen (N) plays a key role in soil fertility, we designed an ecological model describing N cycle in a cropping system. We examined the impact of different processes involved in N cycle, including mineralization, nitrification and fallow characteristics on the yield of a maize crop in a humid savanna, Côte d’Ivoire. The objective of this study was to explore ways to maintain N supply in N poor soils by identifying the appropriate levers and practices. The model revealed that in low input agricultural systems, soil fertility is maintained by the dynamics of soil organic matter and mineralization. We showed that, variation in nitrification during the cropping cycle (fallow-crop) does not have a significant effect on maize yield. However, with the addition of N fertilizers, reduced nitrification significantly increases crop yield. Indeed, low nitrification increases the efficiency of fertilizer use, which reduces the negative impact of excessive N fertilizer application. Furthermore, legume-based fallow was able to increase maize productivity much more than a nitrification-inhibiting fallow regardless of long duration of fallow periods. Also, the models suggested suggest that using nitrification-inhibiting grasses as cover crops for maize would be beneficial if mineral N fertilizer is used.
Thermal diffusivity microscope – zooming-in on anisotropic heat transport
Authors: Pryds Nini , Lamba Neetu , Beltrán-Pitarch Braulio , Yu Tianbo , Dawod Muhamed , Berner Alexander , Guralnik Benny , Orekhov Andrey , Gauquelin Nicolas , Amouyal Yaron , Verbeeck Johan , Hansen Ole , Petersen Dirch 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Anisotropic heat conducting materials, where heat flows faster in one direction than another, play crucial roles in designing electronic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric devices, where temperature and thermal stress are important. Despite significant research efforts, a major obstacle to determining the anisotropic thermal diffusivity tensor in polycrystalline systems is the need for a robust, direct, and non-destructive technique to distinguish between distinct thermal diffusivities. Here, we demonstrate a conceptually new thermal diffusivity microscope capable of performing high-resolution local measurements of anisotropic thermal diffusivity. The microscope is based on a unique micro four-point probe, providing fast, nondestructive scanning and calibration-free measurements. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that the anisotropy of the thermal diffusivity correlates excellently with the crystallographic direction of prototypical Bi2Te3. Our results provide insights into the complex anisotropic heat transport and show that the lattice contribution dominates the heat transport for both in- and out-of-plane directions.
Efficacy of chemotherapy combined with local therapy in patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a SEER-based study
Authors: Huang Mengdie , Yin Xiaobo , Li Wenqi , Ye Jin , Li Ke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background & Aims: Localized therapy (LCT) is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (OM-NSCLC). However, the optimal timing of LCTin relation to systemic treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to develop a novel predictive nomogram to identify specific OM-NSCLC populations who could benefit from LCT.
Methods: 14,920 OM-NSCLC patients between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve were conducted to evaluate the influence of chemotherapy combined with local therapy(CCLCT) on the prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to determine potential risk factors, and a nomogram of overall survival (OS) at different times was formulated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA) and a risk stratification system were used to validate the nomograms.
Results: The most favorable prognostic survival was observed in patients receiving a combination of chemotherapy and surgery, followed by those undergoing chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. Conversely, patients receiving only chemotherapy or a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the lowest and comparably similar prognostic survival outcomes. Specifically, chemotherapy combined with surgery is an effective treatment option to improve prognostic survival among OM-NSCLC patients, with a 19-month prolongation of median survival compared to chemotherapy alone. Independent prognostic risk factors utilized in the nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) include therapy type, age, sex, race, primary tumor site, tumor size, presence of metastases (in the bone, brain, and liver), N stage, and tumor grade. The AUC demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram. A favorable consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities was demonstrated by adopting calibration curves. Finally, The DCA and the risk classification system further supported that the prediction model was clinically effective.
Conclusions: Chemotherapy combined with surgery is a highly effective treatment strategy for OM-NSCLC patients, significantly enhancing their prognostic survival. We constructed a novel nomogram to predict OS in OM-NSCLC patients, aiding both patients and healthcare professionals in assessing prognosis and facilitating informed clinical decisions.
Whole exome sequencing for identification of specific gene mutations in an Indian cohort of triple- negative breast cancer patients
Authors: P Preeti , Das Ankan Mukherjee , Kumar Prabhat , Gogia Ajay , Kumar Lalit , Deo SVS , Mathur Sandeep , Janardhanan Rajiv , Rawal Prof Kamal , Garg Manoj , Das Bhudev C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are pathologically the most aggressive and heterogenous subtype of carcinoma breast displaying increased chemo-resistance and a high rate of relapse. A compelling need exists to discover specific gene mutation(s) and exomic mutational landscape associated with Indian TNBC patients in identifying potential therapeutic target(s) for effective treatment.
Methods: The status of the hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 was confirmed. Genomic DNA was extracted from TNBC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues. Quantification and quality of gDNA samples were checked. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 15 TNBC patients along with 5 random adjacent non-cancerous tissue specimens. WES data alignment and mapping to reference human genome hg19 was done using BWA, SAMtools, and Picard tools. The data analysis and mutation calling were performed using the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK). The signal and PANTHER pathways tools were used for mutational significance and pathway analysis, respectively.
Results: Our data reveals that the TNBC genomes carried an average of ~106 mutations per sample. MutSig2CV analysis showed the most significant recurrent mutations in CTNNB1 (47%; 7/15), TP53 (33%; 5/15), SLC7A8 (27%; 4/15), AMOT (20%; 3/15), CLEC11A (20%; 3/15), and ECHDC1 (13%; 2/15) with a q value of ≤ 0.1. We also observed recurrent mutations in other important cancer-associated genes such as ABCC3, BRCA1, BRCA2, BIRC6, CDH7, CSMD3, MUC12, MUC16, NT5C1B, PIK3CA, POLE, STK31, TTN, and ZFHX4. Interestingly, the TNBC genomes exhibited a predominance of signature 1 associated with spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine, signature 3 represented the failure of DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination, while signature 5 correlated with transcriptional strand bias. Furthermore, these mutations were involved in several major signaling pathways such as the Wnt, p53, PDGF, cadherin, DNA replication, integrin, and apoptosis signaling.
Conclusions: Together, the findings of this study indicated that a crucial role played by these key exonic mutations in Indian TNBC patients which could be utilized in screening and TNBC risk predictions in clinical settings, and developing potential targeted therapeutics for TNBC. Furthermore, studies may focus on identifying genetic variability among TNBC patients for developing effective treatment.