bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameterization of the Urban Energy Budget with the Submesoscale Soil Model
Authors: Dupont Sylvain , Mestayer Patrice G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe thermal component of the Soil Model for Submesoscales, Urbanized Version (SM2-U), is described. SM2-U is an extension on a physical basis of the rural Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) soil model to urban areas. It evaluates the turbulent energy, moisture, and radiative fluxes at the urban canopy–atmosphere interface to provide lower boundary conditions of high-resolution mesoscale models. Unlike previous urban canopy schemes, SM2-U integrates in a simple way the physical processes inside the urban canopy: the building wall influence is integrated in the pavement temperature equation, allowing the model to compute directly the energy budget of street canyons. The SM2-U model is evaluated on the Marseille, France, city-center energy-budget components measured during the field experiments to constrain models of atmospheric pollution and transport of emissions [Expérience sur Site pour Contraindre les Modèles de Pollution Atmosphérique et de Transport d’Emissions (ESCOMPTE)] urban boundary layer (UBL) campaign (June–July 2001). The observed behavior of net radiation and heat fluxes is reproduced by SM2-U with a high level of quality, demonstrating that the influence of building walls may be well modeled by modifying the pavement temperature equation. A sensitivity analysis shows that the accurate account of wall area and the parameterization of both the fast response of artificial materials to environmental forcing variations and their heat storage capacity are essential for mesoscale simulations of the urban boundary layer; they are probably more important than accurate but complex computation of radiative trapping (effective albedo and emissivity)
Gene expression profiles of primary colorectal carcinomas, liver metastases, and carcinomatoses
Authors: Kleivi Kristine , Lind Guro E , Diep Chieu B , Meling Gunn I , Brandal Lin T , Nesland Jahn M , Myklebost Ola , Rognum Torleiv O , Giercksky Karl-Erik , Skotheim Rolf I , Lothe Ragnhild A 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
Despite the fact that metastases are the leading cause of colorectal cancer deaths, little is known about the underlying molecular changes in these advanced disease stages. Few have studied the overall gene expression levels in metastases from colorectal carcinomas, and so far, none has investigated the peritoneal carcinomatoses by use of DNA microarrays. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the gene expression patterns of primary carcinomas (n = 18), liver metastases (n = 4), and carcinomatoses (n = 4), relative to normal samples from the large bowel.

Results
Transcriptome profiles of colorectal cancer metastases independent of tumor site, as well as separate profiles associated with primary carcinomas, liver metastases, or peritoneal carcinomatoses, were assessed by use of Bayesian statistics. Gains of chromosome arm 5p are common in peritoneal carcinomatoses and several candidate genes (including PTGER4, SKP2, and ZNF622) mapping to this region were overexpressed in the tumors. Expression signatures stratified on TP53 mutation status were identified across all tumors regardless of stage. Furthermore, the gene expression levels for the in vivo tumors were compared with an in vitro model consisting of cell lines representing all three tumor stages established from one patient.

Conclusion
By statistical analysis of gene expression data from primary colorectal carcinomas, liver metastases, and carcinomatoses, we are able to identify genetic patterns associated with the different stages of tumorigenesis.
SirT1 modulates the estrogen–insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling for postnatal development of mammary gland in mice
Authors: Li Hongzhe , Rajendran Grace K , Liu Ninning , Ware Carol , Rubin Brian P , Gu Yansong 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Estrogen and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play important roles in mammary gland development and breast cancer. SirT1 is a highly conserved protein deacetylase that can regulate the insulin/IGF-1 signaling in lower organisms, as well as a growing number of transcription factors, including NF-κB, in mammalian cells. Whether SirT1 regulates the IGF-1 signaling for mammary gland development and function, however, is not clear. In the present study, this role of SirT1 was examined by studying SirT1-deficient mice.

Methods
SirT1-deficient (SirT1ko/ko) mice were generated by crossing a new strain of mice harboring a conditional targeted mutation in the SirT1 gene (SirT1co/co) with CMV-Cre transgenic mice. Whole mount and histology analyses, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to characterize mammary gland development in virgin and pregnant mice. The effect of exogenous estrogen was also examined by subcutaneous implantation of a slow-releasing pellet in the subscapular region.

Results
Both male and female SirT1ko/ko mice can be fertile despite the growth retardation phenotype. Virgin SirT1ko/ko mice displayed impeded ductal morphogenesis, whereas pregnant SirT1ko/ko mice manifested lactation failure due to an underdeveloped lobuloalveolar network. Estrogen implantation was sufficient to rescue ductal morphogenesis. Exogenous estrogen reversed the increased basal level of IGF-1 binding protein-1 expression in SirT1ko/ko mammary tissues, but not that of IκBα expression, suggesting that increased levels of estrogen enhanced the production of local IGF-1 and rescued ductal morphogenesis. Additionally, TNFα treatment enhanced the level of the newly synthesized IκBα in SirT1ko/ko cells. SirT1 deficiency therefore affects the cellular response to multiple extrinsic signals.

Conclusion
SirT1 modulates the IGF-1 signaling critical for both growth regulation and mammary gland development in mice. SirT1 deficiency deregulates the expression of IGF-1 binding protein-1 and attenuates the effect of IGF-1 signals, including estrogen-stimulated local IGF-1 signaling for the onset of ductal morphogenesis. These findings suggest that the enzymatic activity of SirT1 may influence both normal growth and malignant growth of mammary epithelial cells.
Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States
Authors: Smith David W. , Bradshaw Benjamin S. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports life expectancy at birth (LE) for each year in the United States. Censal year estimates of LE use complete life tables. From 1900 through 1947, LEs for intercensal years were interpolated from decennial life tables and annual crude death rates. Since 1948, estimates have been computed from annual life tables. A substantial drop in variation in LE occurred in the 1940s. To evaluate these methods and examine variation without artifacts of different methods, we estimated a consistent series of both annual abridged life tables and LEs from official NCHS age-specific death rates and also LEs using the interpolation method for 1900–1998. Interpolated LEs are several times as variable as life table estimates, about 2 times as variable before 1940 and about 6.5 times as variable after 1950. Estimates of LE from annual life tables are better measures than those based on the mixed methods detailed in NCHS reports. Estimates from life tables show that the impact of the 1918 influenza pandemic on LE was much smaller than indicated by official statistics. We conclude that NCHS should report official estimates of intercensal LE for 1900–1948 computed from life tables in place of the existing LEs that were computed by interpolation.
In Vitro Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Microvascular Cells
Authors: Schlueter Scott R. , Carnes David L. , Cochran David L. 
Published: January 2007

Background: Periodontal regeneration requires a coordinated series of events that includes not only the recruitment of periodontal ligament (PDL)‐specific cells, but vascular cells as well. The mechanisms of action of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) are poorly understood, and its effects on vascular cells are unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which EMD affects angiogenesis and PDL cell recruitment.Methods: The effects of EMD on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were determined by examining proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and migration. Proliferation was determined using water‐soluble tetrazolium salt (WST)‐1 reagent. Chemotaxis was determined using microporous‐culture well inserts. Angiogenesis was assessed on plates containing matrigel. The effects of HMVECs on the migration of PDL cells were assessed by evaluating PDL cell outgrowth from collagen gels cultured in the presence of HMVECs on fibrin matrix and surrounded by fibronectin‐containing fibrin clots at 24 hours. Effects of EMD on PDL expression of vascular endothelial cell (VEGF) types (A, B, C, and D) and isoforms were determined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Production of VEGF, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐AA, PDGF‐BB, PDGF‐AB, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 by EMD‐stimulated PDL cells was assessed quantitatively in conditioned media using specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).Results: EMD at concentrations <‐0 μg/ml resulted in significant (P <0.05) stimulation of HMVEC proliferation. Compared to baseline, EMD also stimulated a 100% increase in HMVEC chemotaxis when PDL cells were present (P <0.05). All doses of EMD tested (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) increased angiogenesis in vitro. HMVECs, in combination with EMD at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, stimulated a 750% increase in migration of PDL cells from collagen gels into fibrin clots compared to controls when neither was present. RT‐PCR results indicated that PDL cells expressed VEGF‐A, ‐B, and ‐C and multiple isoforms of VEGF‐A, including VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189, whether or not EMD was present in the culture media. ELISAs determined a 400% increase in VEGF concentration by PDL C cells in EMD‐stimulated conditioned media and a similar increase in TGF‐β1–stimulated media.Conclusions: It is likely that EMD stimulates angiogenesis directly by stimulating endothelial cells and indirectly by stimulating the production of angiogenic factors (VEGF) by PDL cells. Importantly, the data are consistent with the concept that EMD enhances bidirectional communication between HMVEC and PDL cells during angiogenesis associated with healing.
Calculus Removal With Diamond‐Coated Ultrasonic Inserts In Vitro
Authors: Yukna Raymond A. , Vastardis Sotirios , Mayer Elizabeth T. 
Published: January 2007

Background: Efficient calculus removal is a primary goal in periodontal therapy. Diamond‐coated ultrasonic inserts (DIs) offer promise for improved scaling and were evaluated in vitro.Methods: Extracted human teeth with moderate to severe calculus had areas of calculus (∼5 × 5 mm) delineated with small burs. Each calculus area was treated under 2.5× magnification to the point of visible root cleanliness with sharp Gracey curets (hand instruments [HIs]), plain ultrasonic inserts (PIs), or ultrasonic inserts with fine‐grit diamond coating; the latter two were used in a magnetostrictive ultrasonic instrument at a medium power setting. Each curet or insert was used for four teeth and then replaced by a new instrument. The time needed to clean each tooth/surface was recorded. The total area treated and the area of the residual calculus were calculated using an imaging analysis program.Results: The mean time required for clinical calculus removal was 29.7 seconds for DIs, 91.9 seconds for PIs, and 49.8 seconds for HIs (all P <0.0001 from each other). Overall, the mean percentage of residual calculus was 6.3% for DIs, 5.4% for PIs, and 3.1% for HIs (significant differences between HIs and the other treatments).Conclusions: In vitro calculus removal was faster with DIs, followed by HIs and PIs. More residual calculus was found with the DIs; however, the 1% to 3% difference (93.7% clean versus 94.6% clean versus 96.9% clean with DIs, PIs, and HIs, respectively) does not seem to be clinically significant.
Cyclooxygenase‐2–Dependent Prostaglandin E2 Upregulates Interleukin (IL)‐1α–Induced IL‐6 Generation in Mouse Cementoblasts
Authors: Noguchi Kazuyuki , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Oka Hiroko , Komaki Motohiro , Somerman Martha J. , Takata Takashi 
Published: January 2007

Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which exerts its biologic actions via EP receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), is a bioactive metabolite of arachidonic acid that is produced by cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 and/or COX‐2. In the present study, we investigated whether a mouse cementoblast cell line, OCCM‐30 cells, that was stimulated with interleukin (IL)‐1α produced COX‐2–dependent PGE2 and whether the produced PGE2 affected IL‐1α–induced IL‐6 production.Methods: OCCM‐30 cells were stimulated with vehicle or IL‐1α in the presence or absence of indomethacin (a COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitor), NS‐398 (a specific COX‐2 inhibitor), PGE2, and EP receptor agonists. PGE2 and IL‐6 levels were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: IL‐1α induced PGE2 production in a time‐dependent fashion. Indomethacin and NS‐398 completely inhibited IL‐1α–induced PGE2 production. 17‐phenyl‐ω‐trinor PGE2 (an EP1 agonist) and an EP4 agonist mimicked PGE2 enhancement of IL‐1α–induced IL‐6 production in OCCM‐30 cells.Conclusions: From these data, we suggest that IL‐1α induced PGE2 production in a COX‐2–dependent manner in OCCM‐30 cells and that the COX‐2–derived PGE2 upregulates IL‐1α–elicited IL‐6 production via EP1 and/or EP4 receptors. PGE2 and IL‐6 produced by cementoblasts may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Isotopic evidence for age‐related immigration to imperial Rome
Authors: Prowse Tracy L. , Schwarcz Henry P. , Garnsey Peter , Knyf Martin , Macchiarelli Roberto , Bondioli Luca 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOxygen stable isotope ratios (δ18O) have been determined in carbonate in paired first and third molar teeth from individuals (N = 61) who lived in the town of Portus Romae (“Portus”) and who were buried in the necropolis of Isola Sacra (First to Third centuries AD) near Rome, Italy. We compare these analyses with data for deciduous teeth of modern Roman children. Approximately one‐third of the archaeological sample has first molar (M1) values outside the modern range, implying a large rate of population turnover at that time, consistent with historical data. Delta 18Oap values suggest that a group within the sample migrated to the area before the third molar (M3) crown had completely formed (i.e., between 10 and 17.5 years of age). This is the first quantitative assessment of population mobility in Classical antiquity. This study demonstrates that migration was not limited to predominantly single adult males, as suggested by historical sources, but rather a complex phenomenon involving families. We hypothesize that migrants most likely came from higher elevations to the East and North of Rome. One individual with a higher δ18O value may have come (as a child) from an area isotopically similar to North Africa. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex permittivity of sodium chloride solutions at microwave frequencies
Authors: Peyman A. , Gabriel C. , Grant E.H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe complex permittivity of aqueous solutions at 20 °C has been measured at concentrations between 0.001 and 5 mol/L and over a frequency range 0.13–20 GHz. The results were combined with literature values to derive empirical equations to predict the dielectric behavior of sodium chloride solutions between 0 and 5 mol/L and 5°C–35 °C. Bioelectromagnetics 28:264–274, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complementary effects of thienopyridine pretreatment and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade with eptifibatide in coronary stent intervention; Results from the ESPRIT trial
Authors: Dery Jean‐Pierre , Campbell Mark E. , Mathias Jasmine , Pieper Karen S. , Harrington Robert A. , Madan Mina , Gibson C. Michael , Tolleson Thaddeus R. , O'Shea J. Conor , Tcheng James E. ,   for the ESPRIT Investigators
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: This analysis sought to investigate the complementary effect of thienopyridine pretreatment and platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa integrin blockade in coronary stent intervention. Background: Definitive evidence supporting combined antiplatelet therapy consisting of thienopyridine pretreatment and GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is limited. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes by thienopyridine use in the 2,040 patients randomized to eptifibatide or placebo who underwent PCI in the ESPRIT trial. Results: A total of 901 patients received a loading dose of thienopyridine before PCI (group 1), 123 received thienopyridine pretreatment without a loading dose (group 2), and 1,016 were not treated with thienopyridine before PCI (group 3). The composite incidence of death or myocardial infarction at 30 days was significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 combined (OR, 0.71 [95%CI, 0.52–0.99]; P = 0.0417). A similar trend was seen for the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent target vessel revascularization (unadjusted OR, 0.77 [0.57–1.05]; P = 0.1025). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, these differences were no longer significant. No interactions were identified with eptifibatide assignment for any of the group comparisons. Conclusions: Pretreatment with a loading dose of thienopyridine lowers the rate of ischemic complications regardless of treatment with a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. Conversely, the efficacy of eptifibatide is maintained whether or not a loading dose of a thienopyridine is administered. Optimal outcomes are achieved in patients receiving thienopyridine pretreatment along with platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1,3‐Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanediyl: The Shortest Rigid Linear Connector of Phenylated Photochromic Units and a 1,5‐Dimethoxy‐9,10‐di(phenylethynyl)anthracene Fluorophore
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Zhao Ligang , Belov Vladimir N. , Bossi Mariano , Noltemeyer Matthias , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn excess of bis‐1,3‐(4‐iodophenyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, prepared in 63 % yield by iodination of 1,3‐diphenylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, was selectively mono‐coupled with 9‐ethynyl‐1,5‐dimethoxy‐10‐phenylethynylanthracene (26), and subsequently with the zinc derivatives of 1‐(2‐methyl/methoxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐phenylthiophen‐3‐yl)‐2‐(2‐methyl/methoxy‐4‐methylthiophen‐3‐yl)perfluorocyclopentenes (38‐H–41‐H). Regioselective synthesis of the 2‐unsubstituted thiophenes 38‐H–41‐H required intermediate preparation of 2‐trimethylsilyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐bromothiophene (37) or 2‐trimethylsilyl‐5‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐4‐bromothiophene (40). Protection of the α‐position of the thiophene ring with a 2‐trimethylsilyl group blocks the rearrangement of the 4‐lithio derivatives into the corresponding 2‐lithiated thiophenes. With the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane fragment linking the photochromic units 1–3 and 1,5‐dimethoxy‐9,10‐di(phenylethynyl)anthracene as a fluorescent part, quantitative resonance energy transfer between the excited state of the fluorophore (donor) and the closed form of the photochromic units 1–3 (acceptors) was observed. The closed forms of the methoxy‐substituted photochromic units 2 and 3 are less resistant to UV light (313 nm) than the closed form of 1.
CO2 Fixation by Alkylzinc Amides: A Quantum Chemical Study Motivated by Recent Experimental Results
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHerein the insertion of CO2 into the Zn–N bond of alkylzinc amides of the general formula RZnNR′2 (R = H, CH3, CF3, R′ = CH3, iPr, H, F, C6H5) is discussed on the basis of quantum chemical calculations. Several possible reaction pathways were considered, starting from monomeric as well as dimeric alkylzinc amides. Special consideration is given to the influence of the electronic properties of the amido group on the reaction energy. The mechanisms were studied in detail starting with the model compounds HZnNH2 and H3CZnN(CH3)2 as well as the dimer [HZnNH2]2. The reaction of monomeric compounds with CO2 first leads to an intermediate featuring a Zn–N–C–O four‐membered ring. This first step requires an activation energy ΔG of ca. 60 kJ·mol–1 and turns out to be the rate‐determining step. In the second step, which requires a much smaller activation energy, the carbamate product is formed. Reactions of dimeric alkylzinc amides are subject to a significantly higher activation barrier (with a ΔG value of 103 kJ·mol–1), with a four‐membered ring as the transition‐state structure. The activation energy is slightly higher than the energy required for decomposition of the dimer into two monomers, and therefore it is plausible that the alkylzinc amides react as monomers with CO2. The calculations for the dimer reaction again gave evidence for the formation of an intermediate exhibiting in this case a six‐membered ring. The barrier to formation of the carbamate from this intermediate is very small. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge of CO2 fixation by alkylzinc amides and might shed some light on enzymatic reactivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Forecasting inflation using economic indicators: the case of France
Authors: Bruneau C. , De Bandt O. , Flageollet A. , Michaux E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn order to provide short‐run forecasts of headline and core HICP inflation for France, we assess the forecasting performance of a large set of economic indicators, individually and jointly, as well as using dynamic factor models. We run out‐of‐sample forecasts implementing the Stock and Watson (1999) methodology. We find that, according to usual statistical criteria, the combination of several indicators—in particular those derived from surveys—provides better results than factor models, even after pre‐selection of the variables included in the panel. However, factors included in VAR models exhibit more stable forecasting performance over time. Results for the HICP excluding unprocessed food and energy are very encouraging. Moreover, we show that the aggregation of forecasts on subcomponents exhibits the best performance for projecting total inflation and that it is robust to data snooping.  Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.