bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENERAL ASPECTS: Overviews of School Health Education in Japan
Authors: Segami Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn school education in Japan it is characteristically assumed that basic contents of schoolbooks and curricula are to be based on the Course of Study, as the Standard of curriculum for school education, which derives from the School Education Law and other relevant legislation. Health education articulated in the Course of Study is required, for the sake of comprehensiveness, to be applied through all school activities and health‐related subjects. Items of health‐related subjects are arranged without duplication, but continuity in ordered school levels is insisted upon. By means of health instruction and guidance pupils and students are expected to be motivated to change their unhealthy life‐style and to practise a healthier one.
Cytochrome B558 Component of O‐2M Generating Oxidase in the Neutrophils From Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Takayanagi Naoki , Niida Yuichi , Chiba Shunzo , Nakao Tooru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCytochrome b558 is probably a component of an electron transport chain which is called NADPH oxidase. Cytochrome b558 from the neutrophils of two male patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and their parents was studied. One of the CGD patients had decreased amounts of cytochrome b558, The α‐band of light absorption of cytochrome b558 at 558 nm was found as a trace, and the peak of the γ‐band was shifted to 420 nm, whereas the normal γ‐band is at 426 nm. Intermediate amounts of cytochrome b558 were present in his mother, whereas his father had a normal amount. Another patient had normal peaks of α‐ and γ‐bands of cytochrome b558. Thus, abnormalities in NADPH oxidase of the two patients were different.
Hyper IgE Syndrome in Japan: A Summary of the Clinical and Immunological Features of 40 Patients
Authors: Yanagi Tadamichi , Tsuji Yoshiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe authors analyze and discuss the clinical and immunological features of hyper IgE syndrome in 40 patients suffering from the disease in Japan. There was no geographical difference observed and the sexual difference was in a ratio of 2 men to 1 woman. The syndrome appears early in infancy and begins mostly with skin lesions. The age at diagnosis is given in Fig. 1. Staphylococcus aureus is detected in every case as the pathogenic microorganism. Although the majority of the cases are of superficial infections, some cases are severe or of deep infections which become critical.The serum IgE levels are above 1,000 IU/ml in all cases and often allergic diseases are a complication. Neutrophil chemotactic defect is considered a secondary defect because a decreased in vitro chemotaxis may turn to normal skin window tests in vivo.These results indicate that lesions in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are not a complete defect but an incomplete defect or quantitative decline.While lymphocyte and PMN functions are damaged to various extents, the decrease or defect in the specific protective function against staphylococcus aureus is discussed.With the abnormal IgE production, specific IgE antibodies to staphylococcus aureus are produced as well as IgE antibodies to other allergens with frequent chances of sensitization.
Natural Killer Cell Activity in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Horikoshi Tamaki , Tasaka Hideko , Mashiba Harukazu , Hiyoshi Yasuhiko , Ikuno Yoshiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThirty‐four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 45 normal children as controls were tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro using the K‐562 cell line as target cell.In the group of patients off all chemotherapy, the levels of NK cell activity were found to be comparable to normal controls. The levels of activity in the intermittent chemotherapy group were higher than or the same as those of normal controls. Low levels of NK cell activity were observed, shortly after intermittent chemotherapy. Patients who had more than two remissions had levels of NK cell activity comparable to normal controls. In contrast, low levels of NK cell activity were found in patients shortly before relapse, but returned to normal levels after achieving complete remission. Significant differences in the clinical stages between relapse and remission were found by paired t‐test analysis (0.02 < p < 0.05).
Growth Hormone in Children With Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Authors: Ueda Kohji , Tokugawa Ken , Watanabe Noriaki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSix 10‐year‐old boys with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) were studied for their growth hormone levels as well as other endocrinological functions. All cases were observed to show normal responses after the insulin, arginine, or the propranolol‐glucagon tolerance tests. The other hormonal values were also observed to be normal. These results suggested that the postnatal growth retardation observed in CRS is not due to an endocrinological abnormality.
Influence of Breast Feeding on Neonatal Behavior
Authors: Maekawa Kihei , Nara Takahiro , Hoashi Eiichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractForty‐six normal newborn infants were studied at the age of 6 to 7 days. Each infant was at first breast fed and at the next session was given a bottle feeding of the same amount of expressed breast milk on the same day. The neonatal behavior was assessed over two three‐hour periods following each feeding, during which continuous polygraphic recordings and observations were made. Our study consisted of four steps: an expressed breast milk bottle feeding (step 1), an equal holding time period (step 2), an equal sucking time period (step 3), and an equal holding and sucking time period using two kinds of bottles (step 4). Infants who were breast fed had a longer period of quiet sleep and slow heart rate in active sleep compared with those who were bottle fed.In step 4, there were no significant differences in the amount of quiet sleep and low heart rate in active sleep between breast and bottle feeding. From our results, each component of breast feeding alone such as the breast milk itself, the holding time, or the time for sucking does not have any specific positive influence on neonatal behavior.Rather, the study suggests that the total mother‐infant interaction during breast feeding results in positive influences on neonatal behavior.
Clinical Application of High‐Resolution Chromosome Banding
Authors: Takano Takako 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA high‐resolution banding technique has become indispensable in the study of patients with both congenital abnormalities and malignant diseases and has been used in various fields. A small chromosomal change is hard to detect, unless a sophisticated technique is used. In the present paper, our experience of small structural changes in a chromosome in the case of Prader‐Willi syndrome, retinoblastoma and aniridia‐Wilms' tumor association are summarized and briefly reviewed in the light of current high‐resolution techniques, including the acridine orange technique developed by ourselves.
Gastrin Secretion in Infancy and Childhood|Part I: Response to a Gastrin Secretion Test and G‐Cell in Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Mayama Haruki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo examine the etiological role of gastrin in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), fasting levels of serum gastrin and the response in the serum levels of this hormone to oral milk feeding were investigated in 10 infants with IHPS aged 18 to 125 days before treatment (untreated group) and in the convalescent stage (improved group) following conservative management. Distribution of the antral gastrin cells (G‐cell) was also studied electron microscopically. Seven pairs of the parents of patients investigated took part in the fasting serum gastrin measurement to investigate the genetic effects.Mean fasting serum gastrin concentration was significantly elevated in patients of the untreated group (254±44 pg/ml, p<0.05) and in patients of the improved group (191±35 pg/ml, p<0.05) compared with the mean value (115±20 pg/ml) for the control group (n=6). The maximum peak gastrin response and the duration of hypergastrinemic response to milk feeding in order of magnitude or length were observed in the untreated, improved and control groups. There was no difference of numbers of antral G‐cell among the 3 groups but G‐cells of untreated patients tended to have vacuoles near the Golge apparatus which is consistent with hyperfunction of the cell. Hypergastrinemia was found in 4 out of 7 mothers (54.3%), 2 of whom were extremely hypergastrinemic (329 pg/ml, 732 pg/ml), and in 3 out of 7 fathers (42.8%) including 2 pairs of the parents (28.5%). These results support the view that gastrin may play a role together with the genetic endowment within a susceptible population in the pathogenesis of IHPS.
Gastrin Secretion in Infancy and Childhood|Part 2: Gastrin Secretion in Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Mayama Haruki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSerum gastrin levels were measured radioimmunologically in 123 patients with various gastrointestinal diseases to study the pathophysiological role in the diseases.

In winter diarrhea, mean fasting gastrin level tended to be slightly higher in the severer patients but the difference from the control level were not statistically significant. After test meal, however, mean serum gastrin level increased rapidly and reached a peak by after 10 minutes followed by levelling off for 20 minutes. This result may suggest that a feedback mechanism between the secretion of gastrin and secretin is disturbed in the disease.
In bacillary dysentery, mean fasting serum gastrin levels in the acute stage did not differ from that of controls.
Mean fasting serum gastrin levels in neonatal hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of school children were significantly lower but the level in congenital biliary atresia was not different as compared to those of age‐matched controls. Further investigation of gastrin metabolism in liver may be needed.
In duodenal ulcer, mean fasting serum gastrin level was not different statistically from the control value but mean gastrin response to feeding was significantly greater and longer than that of controls. This abnormality of gastrin release in children with duodenal ulcer may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
In superior mesenteric artery syndrome, mean fasting gastrin level was significantly lower than that of controls and mean serum gastrin responses to test meal both in sitting and prone positions were significantly lower than those of controls. No statistical difference was found when the response were compared between in a sitting and prone positions. The hypogastrinemic response to meal in patients with this order was probably considered to be due to impaired function of G‐cells which was caused by dilatation of the stomach and/or duodenum resulting in the mucosal damage.
The increment of gastrin secretion following glucocorticoid administration was found in children with anaphylactoid purpura and the effect was confirmed in rats. This results suggest that the so‐called steroid ulcer may partly be caused by steroid induced gastrin hypersecretion.
A Case of Coombs‐Negative Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Possibly Caused by Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Ishii Toshinori , Fujiwara Hirokazu , Matsuda Ichiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report a case of Coombs‐negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), possibly caused by influenza vaccination. The patient received influenza vaccine twice preceding the onset. Although his Coombs' test was negative, the concentration of IgG on erythrocytes showed a level as high as those of patients with Coombs‐negative AIHA previously reported. This surface IgG might play a main role in hemolysis. The reversed OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio of his peripheral blood lymphocytes and the high level of circulating immune complex (CIC) concentrations which were observed might reflect an aberrant response of the immune system to vaccination. He received a blood transfusion only once, and recovered from the disease gradually without further specific treatment.
Prevention of HBV Mother ‐ Infant Transmission
Authors: Yano Michitami , Tajima Heiichiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAbstractIn Japan, the national counterplan for prevention of mother‐infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission with HB vaccine was established in 1985 after 10 years of clinical trials with human hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). The preventing method is based on passive‐active prophylaxis with HBIG and HB vaccine, and only infants from HBe antigen‐positive mothers can receive this administration.We compared the effectiveness of several methods of administration of HBIG and HB vaccine for 1199 infants. The rate of infants who became HBV carrier state was 6% out of all the subjects. The prophylaxis in which infants were injected with HBIG just after delivery and with HB vaccine as soon as possible after birth was superior to the others in protective efficacy. The infants injected just after delivery showed no harmful effects.These results suggest the possibility and necessity of improved administration methods which will reduce the stress for infants and economic burden for their parents.
Detection of Rotavirus from Stools by Latex Agglutination Test
Authors: Ushijima Hiroshi , Shinozaki Tatsuhiko , Kim Bosu , Araki Kazuko , Fujii Ryochi , Kohno Hideki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractsLatex agglutination (LA) reagents were prepared using antisera against human rotaviruses (Wa and S2 strains). A commercially available LA test (Rotalex) using antisera against calf rotavirus was also used. Semititrations of rotavirus antigens were compared by three LA tests on 110 stools of children with acute gastroenteritis which had been previously determined rotavirus‐positive by electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of genome RNA. LA tests showed diversity of subgroups. The three LA tests reported in this study are concluded to be useful for clinical application in spite of a few exceptions in semititration.
Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy of Infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nishimura Tadafumi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAminoglycosides, β‐lactam antibiotics such as piperacillin, ticarcillin and mezlocillin, and cefoperazone, cefsulodin and ceftazidime, and imipenem have excellent antipseudomonal activity and have proved useful for the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. These infections include septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection and postoperative infection. The aminoglycosides are notable for their synergistic activity with β‐lactams, but serum concentrations of aminoglycosides must be carefully monitored to avoid nephrotoxic and ototoxic side effects. Cross‐resistance also poses special problems among the aminoglycosides, but amikacin and some dibecacin derivatives are potently active against organisms resistant to other aminoglycosides. Carbenicillin and sulbenicillin are usually given in massive dose because their MICs are high, and this can be detrimental to patients with salt intolerance. Fosfomycin also has a high sodium content. Among the cephalosporins, cefoperazone is expecially effective against biliary tract infection; ceftazidime and cefsulodin are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to aminoglycosides. This paper summarizes the antipseudomonal activities of various Kinds of antibiotics and discusses some problems in the actual chemotherapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
The Present Status of Sepsis of Children and Its Chemotherapy in Japan
Authors: Meguro Hidenori , Fujii Ryochi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present status of etiology and chemotherapy of sepsis of children in Japan is reported. In newborns and infants less than 3 months of age, the most common pathogens in sepsis and purulent meningitis are Escherichia coli and group B Streptococci, although Staphylococcus aureus becomes the second most important bacteremic pathogen after the 3rd day of life. In order infants and children, S. aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most common bacteremic pathogens. Listeriosis is increasing in Japan, yet is responsible for only 1.4% of cases of purulent meningitis and 0.5% of sepsis in children at present.The chemotherapy of sepsis and purulent meningitis has been changed from the old standard ampicillin therapy (with gentamicin in neonates) to mono‐therapy with a new cephem, especially cefotaxime in Japan, since over 50% of strains of E. coli are already resistant to ampicillin.
Prophylactic Antibiotic Usage in Children
Authors: Akita Hironobu , Sunakawa Keisuke , Ichihashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs a result of recent striking progress in the development of antibiotics, some infectious diseases which had been considered to be intractable have come to be curable. However, there are still quite a few infectious diseases which occur comparatively rarely, but once they attack humans the condition becomes severe and treatment is very difficult. When it is possible to prevent these infections by prophylactic administration of antibiotics, such administration should be performed. The antibiotic employed for this purpose should have the strongest available antibacterial activity against the target bacteria and a clear prophylactic effect which has already been proven. In addition, it is also necessary that the antibiotic does not change the normal bacterial flora, which plays an important role in body defense mechanisms against infections. The drug also must not cause any serious side effects.We discuss the prophylactic administration methods which are actually being practiced in pediatrics. That is, the actual state of the latest methods of prophylactic antibiotic administration is described together with new findings regarding infections by group A hemolytic streptococci, meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis and H. influenzae), tuberculosis, endocarditis, infections in newborns (gonorrheal ophthalmia and infections by group B hemolytic streptococci), recurrent infections (otitis media and urinary tract infections) and infections in compromised hosts (especially infections by Pneumocystis carinii).
Safety Assurance in Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Yoshioka Hajime , Fujita Kozo , Sakata Hiroshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe toxicity of penicillins and cephalosporins per se is low but they cause hypersensitivity reactions in some patients. These antibiotics also disturb the ecological balance of the normal flora and lead to antibiotic associated colitis or other systemic superinfections in immunocompromised hosts. Aminoglycosides are oto‐ and nephrotoxic, erythromycin estolate causes sometimes liver function abnormalities, and clindamycin in particular causes pseudomembranous colitis. Chloramphenicol has been associated with aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome, and tetracycline with discoloration of the teeth of infants.To avoid adverse effects and to assure the safety of antimicrobial therapy, one should avoid unnecessary antibiotic administration, and make the duration of antibiotic therapy as short as possible. Blood levels of chloramphenicol or aminoglycosides have to be monitored in cases with lowered renal function and in prolonged therapy.
Antibiotic Chemotherapy and the Hemorrhagic Tendency
Authors: Sunakawa Keisuke , Iwata Satoshi , Sato Yoshitake , Shiro Hiroyuki , Kusumoto Yutaka , Oikawa Tadao , Ichihashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objective of the present research was to investigate the mechanism of the hemorrhagic tendency known to be associated with the administration of antibiotics. To do this from the viewpoints of the supply and utilization of vitamin K, studies were carried out in newborn infants and in germ‐free mice. The reasons for the selection of newborns were that their intestinal bacterial flora is easily changed by the administration of antibiotics and that it is easy to monitor their oral food intake. Germ‐free mice were selected because they do not have intestinal bacteria.Forty newborn infants were each given one of the antibiotics latamoxef (LMOX), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ), and the establishment of most bacteria in the intestinal tract was delayed, with the exception of the enterococci, and sometimes S. epidermidis, which are insensitive to these antibiotics.PIVKA II, which is an indicator of vitamin K deficiency, was detected in 72% of the patients treated with LMOX and in 48% of the CMX‐treated patients. Conversely, all 16 patients who were treated with either CTX or CAZ were negative for PIVKA II. The correlation between the incidence of a positive result for PIVKA II and the oral food intake was investigated. It was found that 11 of 16 infants (68%) fed no milk or fed breast milk became positive for PIVKA II. In contrast, only 4 (16%) of 24 infants fed formula milk became positive for PIVKA II.The importance of the intestinal bacteria and the oral food intake was confirmed by the fact that the hepaplastin test value was prolonged when methyltetrazolyl‐thiomethyl (MTT) was administered to germ‐free mice and to normal mice on a vitamin‐K‐free diet.On the basis of these experimental findings, it is surmised that the association between antibiotic therapy and the development of a hemorrhagic tendency is a result of a complex interaction of various factors, i.e., a decrease in oral food intake, a decrease in the count of the normal bacterial flora of the intestinal tract, and the presence of an MTT group in the structure of the administered antibiotic.
Genetic Relatedness Among Human Rotaviruses in Tokyo
Authors: Ushijima Hiroshi , Kim Bosu , Araki Kazuko , Shinozaki Tatsuhiko , Fujii Ryochi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe relation between RNA hybridization and electropherotypes of rotavirus from stools in Tokyo was studied. Tritiated UTP labeled probes of three different serotypes and electropherotypes showed no relation between hybridization ratio and electropherotypes. Samples of “long” pattern of electropherotypes hybridized to the probe of “short” as to the probes of “long.”
The Nature and Molecular Weight of the Circulating Immune Complex in Glomerulonephropathy Associated With Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Furuse Akio , Hattori Shinzaburo , Karashima Shinnyo , Matsuda Ichiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCirculating immune complex (CIC) in patients with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephropathy was fractionated into two parts by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. A CIC of higher molecular weight (more than 900,000 daltons) consisted of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and one of lower molecular weight (between 900,000 and 66,000 daltons) consisted of hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). The patients with membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN) had much more CIC of higher than of lower molecular weight, while deposits in the glomerular basement membrane were stained with anti‐HBeAg but not with anti‐HBsAg. A patient with minimal changes had only higher molecular weight CIC and no deposits in the kidney. Our results suggest that lower molecular weight CIC containing HBeAg may play an important role in the development of MGN.