bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐ und Antioxydantien auf dem Fettgebiet XVIII: Die Wirkung von Eisenporphyrin‐Verbindungen auf die Autoxydation von Polyenen III
Authors: Kaufmann E. H. H. P. , Kaufmann I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde der Einfluß von Anti‐ und Prooxydantien auf die Inversion der katalytischen Wirkung von Hämoglobin und Cytochrom c bei der Autoxydation von Linolsäure in phosphatgepufferter wäßriger Emulsion untersucht. Durch den Zusatz eines Antioxydans (Thymol, α‐Tocopherol) oder eines zweiten invertablen Prooxydans (Fe‐o‐Phenanthrolin) kann die „kritische Katalysator‐Konzentration”︁, bei der die Wirkungsinversion eintritt, herabgesetzt werden.
Der Wirkungsgrad und die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung einer modernen Wollfett‐Gewinnungsanlage I
Authors: Heel H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde dargelegt, daß eine Westfalia Wollfett‐Gewinnungsanlage wirtschaftlich arbeitet und der errechnete Wirkungsgrad durch die Rezirkulation des Abwassers und Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauschers erheblich gesteigert werden kann. Wollfett ist ein Nebenprodukt, dem man lange Zeit nicht die notwendige Aufmerksamkeit schenkte. Seine Verwendungsmöglichkeiten sind noch lange nicht erschöpft. Da es wirtschaftliche Gewinnungsmethoden gibt, sollte man dieses wertvolle Fett nicht verlorengehen lassen. Außerdem kann man dadurch den Abwasser‐Schwierigkeiten wirkungsvoll begegnen.
Die quantitative Auswertung von Gas‐Chromatogrammen V: Über die Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse
Authors: Seher A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie quantitativen Ergebnisse gas‐chromatographischer Analysen können durch verschiedene, versuchsabhängige Fehlerquellen verfälscht werden. Neben unzulänglicher Arbeitsweise wurde eine nur partielle Eluierbarkeit von ungesättigten Fettsäuremethylestern nachgewiesen. Nach Ausschaltung und Berücksichtigung aller Fehlermöglichkeiten konnte eine Standard‐Abweichung von 0.1–0.2 ermittelt werden, woraus sich eine experimentell belegte Abhängigkeit des relativen Fehlers von der Konzentration der bestimmten Komponente ergibt. Die bei normaler Arbeitsweise erzielbare Zuverlässigkeit wurde tabellarisch angegeben.
Über die Zerlegung von Kohlenwasserstoff‐Gemischen mit Hilfe selektiver Extraktionsmethoden × — Zerlegung von Gatschen aus einem paraffinbasischen Rohöl
Authors: Spengler G. , Rößner M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wird über die Zerlegung von drei Gatschen aus verschiedenen Fraktionen eines paraffinbasischen Rohöles mit Hilfe einer Festflüssig‐Extraktion und anschließende Harnstoffadduktion berichtet. Anhand ausgewählter physikalischer Daten und geeigneter Diagramme wird die strukturelle Zusammensetzung der Kohlenwasserstoff‐Anteile dieser drei Gatsche diskutiert.
Über die Wirkung von Enthärtungsmitteln auf das Schmutztragevermögen
Authors: Szmidtgal E. , Pasternak H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Vff, untersuchten die Wirkung von Natriumpolyphosphat (I) und Dinatrium‐Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure (II) auf das Schmutztragevermögen von Tetrapropylenbenzolsulfonat (III) und Nonyl‐phenolpolyglycoläther (IV) in hartem und dest. Wasser unter Verwendung angeschmutzter Textilien. Bei ausreichender Dosierung war die Wirkung von II in Flotten von III besonders gut, die von I etwas geringer, aber in hartem Wasser brauchbar, die von I und II bei IV unbefriedigend.
Über die Anwendung einer Mischphase zur gas‐chromatographischen Trennung von Phenolen, Kresolen und Xylenolen
Authors: Bober H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Mischphase beschrieben, die zur gas‐chromatographischen Trennung von Phenolderivaten mit gepackten Trennsäulen entwickelt wurde.
Lipoide tierischer Organ‐ und Depotfette in Abhängigkeit von der Fütterung I: trans‐Fettsäuren in Kälber‐ und Schweinefetten
Authors: Kaufmann H. P. , Mankel A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn Organ‐ und Depotfetten von Kälbern und Schweinen wurde der Gehalt an trans‐ungesättigten Fettsäuren sowie deren Verteilung auf Neutralfett‐ und Phosphatid‐Fraktionen untersucht. Die Tiere waren mit definierten Futtermischungen, die teils gehärtetes Fett enthielten, teils frei davon waren, aufgezogen worden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen sind aus der Zusammenfassung am Schluß der Arbeit zu ersehen.
Pro‐ und Antioxydantien auf dem Fettgebiet XX: Die Lipoide der Hefezellen in verschiedenen Wachstumsphasen
Authors: Kaufmann H. P. , Ahmad Abdel Kader S. , Radwan S. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn dem Beispiel verschiedener Kulturen von Saccharomyces cerevisiae wird gezeigt, daß die Menge der Lipoide derselben und ihre Zusammensetzung von dem Alter und dem Wachstum der Hefezellen abhängen. Bei anaeroben Bedingungen vermindern sich die Lipoide verschiedener Klassen und wandeln sich in physiologisch weniger aktive Verbindungen um, so z. B. Sterine in Squalen. Auch für die Biosynthese von Phospholipoiden und Sterinestern ist die Gegenwart von Sauerstoff notwendig.
Ölbindevermögen von Mineralozokeriten
Authors: Matscholl G. , Preuß A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde versucht, durch Bestimmung des Fließpunktes der aus verschiedenen Ölen und Mineralwachsen gebildeten Pasten die Einflüsse von Mengenanteil, Ölviskosität, Rekristallisiertendenz und Homogenität zu erkennen, zu messen und die Unterschiede im Ölbindevermögen verschiedener Kohlenwasserstoffwachse zu charakterisieren. Im Hinblick auf die erheblich gestiegenen Reinheitsanforderungen wurde das Ölbindevermögen auch hoch raffinierter Mikrowachse bzw. Mineralozokerite untersucht.
Construction of a Hexameric Zn(II)‐metallomacrocycle and its Photo‐ and Electroluminescence Properties: [Zn6(O‐hexyl‐3,5‐bis(2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)phenol)6(BF4)12]
Authors: Hwang Seok‐Ho , Wang Pingshan , Moorefield Charles N. , Jung Jae‐Chang , Kim Jeong‐Yeol , Lee Sang‐Won , Newkome George R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: An O‐hexyl‐3,5‐bis(terpyridine)phenol ligand has been synthesized and transformed into a hexagonal Zn(II)‐metallomacrocycle by a facile self‐assembly procedure capitalizing on terpyridine‐Zn(II)‐terpyridine connectivity. The structural composition was confirmed by NMR and mass spectral techniques; photo‐ and electroluminescence properties were also investigated. The OLED device shows green electroluminescent emission at 515 nm with a maximum luminance of 39 cd · m−2 and maximum efficiency of 0.16 cd · A−1.Structure and electroluminescent properties of the metallomacrocycle investigated.magnified imageStructure and electroluminescent properties of the metallomacrocycle investigated.
Validation of the short forms of the incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ‐7) and the urogenital distress inventory (UDI‐6) in a Turkish population
Authors: Cam Cetin , Sakalli Mustafa , Ay Pinar , Cam Meltem , Karateke Ates 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAimTo validate the Turkish versions of the IIQ‐7 and UDI‐6 for use in Turkish‐speaking populations.MethodsAfter establishing the test‐retest reliability and internal consistency in a pilot study, 302 patients were enrolled in the study and general and subscale scores of the questionnaires were calculated. All participants underwent an urodynamic assessment.ResultsBoth instruments showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha for the IIQ‐7 and UDI‐6 was 0.87 and 0.74, respectively) and test‐retest reliability (Spearman's rho was 0.99 for both of the scales (P < 0.001). 55.6% of the participants showed urodynamic abnormality and/or leakage. 39.7% had urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) and 15.9% had detrussor overactivity (DOA) ± USI. The mean scores of each IIQ‐7 and UDI‐6 were significantly higher in the USI, and DOA ± USI groups compared with normal women. Women with DOA ± USI scored highest in the IIQ‐7 and UDI‐6. The irritative subscale scores of the 1st and 2nd items of the UDI‐6 were significantly higher in the DOA ± USI group. The stress subscale scores of 3rd and 4th items of UDI‐6 were significantly higher in the USI group. Women with postvoid residual (PVR) urine values greater than 50 ml had significantly higher obstructive subscale scores compared to the ones who had less residual volumes.ConclusionsThe Turkish translated versions of the IIQ‐7 and UDI‐6 are reliable, consistent and valid instruments for assessing symptom severity and the impact on QOL in Turkish speaking women with urinary incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A bridging domain and strain computation method for coupled atomistic–continuum modelling of solids
Authors: Zhang Sulin , Khare Roopam , Lu Qiang , Belytschko Ted 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present a multiscale method that couples atomistic models with continuum mechanics. The method is based on an overlapping domain‐decomposition scheme. Constraints are imposed by a Lagrange multiplier method to enforce displacement compatibility in the overlapping subdomain in which atomistic and continuum representations overlap. An efficient version of the method is developed for cases where the continuum can be modelled as a linear elastic material. An iterative scheme is utilized to optimize the coupled configuration. Conditions for the regularity of the constrained matrices are determined. A method for computing strain in atomistic models and handshake domains is formulated based on a moving least‐square approximation which includes both extensional and angle‐bending terms. It is shown that this method exactly computes the linear strain field. Applications to the fracture of defected single‐layer atomic sheets and nanotubes are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into the activity of SARS main protease: Molecular dynamics study of dimeric and monomeric form of enzyme
Authors: Zheng Kewen , Ma Guozheng , Zhou Jinming , Zen Min , Zhao Wenna , Jiang Yongjun , Yu Qingsen , Feng Jialiang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe phenomenon that SARS coronavirus main protease (SARS Mpro) dimer is the main functional form has been confirmed by experiment. However, because of the absence of structural information of the monomer, the reasons for this remain unknown. To investigate it, two molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in water for dimer and monomer models have been carried out, using the crystal structure of protomer A of the dimer as the starting structure for the monomer. During the MD simulation of dimer, three interest phenomena of protomer A have been observed: (i) the distance between NE2 of His41 and SG of Cys145 averages 3.72 Å, which agrees well with the experimental observations made by X‐ray crystallography; (ii) His163 and Glu166 form the “tooth” conformational properties, resulting in the specificity for glutamine at substrate P1 site; and (iii) the substrate‐binding pocket formed by loop 140–146 and loop 184–197 is large enough to accommodate the substrate analog. However, during the MD simulation of the monomer complex, the three structural characteristics are all absent, which results directly in the inactivation of the monomer. Throughout the MD simulation of the dimer, the N‐terminus of protomer B forms stable hydrogen bonds with Phe140 and Glu166, through which His163, Glu166, and loop 140–146 are kept active form. Furthermore, a water‐bridge has been found between the N‐terminus of protomer B and Gly170, which stabilizes His172 and avoids it moving toward Tyr161 to disrupt the H‐bond between Tyr161 and His163, stabilizing the conformation of His163. The interactions between the N‐terminus and another monomer maintain the activity of dimer. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistance and cross‐resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Alyokhin Andrei , Dively Galen , Patterson Megan , Castaldo Christopher , Rogers David , Mahoney Matthew , Wollam John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOne of the major challenges in managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) is its remarkable ability to develop resistance to virtually every insecticide that has ever been used against it. Resistance is particularly common throughout northeastern USA as far north as Maine. The first instances of resistance to imidacloprid have already been reported from several locations in New York, Delaware and southern Maine. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action may delay insecticide resistance, but successful implementation of this technique depends on a good understanding of resistance and cross‐resistance patterns in populations of target pests. LC50 values were measured for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in Colorado potato beetle populations from a variety of locations in the USA and Canada using diet incorporation bioassays. The field performance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin against imidacloprid‐resistant beetles on a commercial potato farm in southern Maine was also evaluated. Correlation between LC50 values for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was highly significant, even when populations previously exposed to thiamethoxam were excluded from the analysis. There was no statistically detectable difference in the LC50 values between populations exposed to both insecticides and to imidacloprid alone. Applications of neonicotinoid insecticides at planting delayed build‐up of imidacloprid‐resistant beetle populations on field plots by 1–2 weeks but failed to provide adequate crop protection. Consistently with bioassay results, there was also substantial cross‐resistance among the three tested neonicotinoid insecticides. Results of the present study support the recommendation to avoid rotating imidacloprid with thiamethoxam as a part of a resistance management plan. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Some factors affecting the activities of dinitrophenol fungicides
Authors: Clifford D. R. , Hislop E. C. , Holgate Margaret E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe vapour phase and protectant activities of members of seven homologous series of alkyldinitrophenols against cucumber powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) are discussed. No correlation existed between vapour activities in vitro or in vivo and vapour pressure, but a positive correlation between Vapour' protection in vivo and conventional protectant activity was evident. Although vapour activity occurs with some homologues, results obtained for zone assays in vivo are probably better explained in terms of easy movement of the compound in the leaf surface than in terms of vapour transmission. Alkyldinitrophenyl‐crotonates showed no zone activity in vivo but often good protectant activity. The possible existence of two optimum π‐values for protectant activity is suggested. No appreciable systemic activity was found with these compounds.
Herbicide activity involving light
Authors: Caseley J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of light on the activity of herbicides within the cell is reviewed. The herbicides are grouped according to the way their phytotoxicity is influenced by light.The largest group, which includes the ureas, triazines and uracils, interfere with photosynthesis by blocking the Hill reaction. Lack of carbohydrates and other manifestations of toxicity appear in the light and these are discussed. The bipyridylium quaternary salts, diquat and paraquat, are not phytotoxic until a free radical is formed utilising light energy via photosynthesis. The free radical is re‐oxidised by molecular oxygen, and a series of reactions are started leading to the formation of peroxide radicals which subsequently disrupts the cell.The phytotoxicity of 2,4‐dinitrpphenol and related compounds is reduced by light. This type of compound combined with a herbicide which inhibits the Hill reaction and thus photosynthetic phosphorylation may act synergistically and mixtures of this type are discussed.
Treatment of citrus fruit with sodium o‐phenylphenate foam
Authors: Rajzman Anna , Apelbaum A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe treatment conditions for reducing the incidence of rot in stored citrus fruit with sodium o‐phenylphenate (SOPP) foam and the possibility of improving the efficiency of the treatment were examined. Marked differences were noted among different packing houses with regard to ambient temperature temperature of the fruit surface, duration of treatment, SOPP content and pH of the solution, quantities of foam and of SOPP dispersed on the fruit, and between the o‐phenylphenol (OPP) residues in fruit treated simultaneously.It should be possible to prolong the duration of treatment without increasing the OPP residues in the fruit above the tolerance limits of 10 ppm OPP in the whole fruit and without causing injury to the fruit.
Biophysical aspects of nervous activity in relation to studies on the mode of action of insecticides
Authors: Burt P. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe spread to the nervous system of topically applied neurotoxic insecticides is discussed. During spread different insecticides may distribute themselves between fluid and solid phases within the insect's tissues in greatly differing ratios. These differences are reflected in their concentrations in the haemolymph, which is probably the medium mainly responsible for distributing insecticides within the insect, and also the main source from which insecticides enter the nervous system. Evidence for spread via more restricted pathways, such as tracheae or the nerves themselves, is conflicting.The mode of action of neurotoxic insecticides is briefly reviewed, including the role of secondarily released neuroactive stress substances, and the extent to which resistance is expressed at the site of action is also discussed.Finally, the nervous system is examined for new sites of insecticidal action which, if attacked, could give greater specificity.
Activity of two pyrethroids against blackfly larvae, determined by a simple laboratory technique
Authors: Brooke J. P. , Holyome Barbara J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple laboratory technique for determining the activity of two pyrethroids (5‐benzyl‐3‐furyImethyl DL‐cis, trans‐chrysanthemate and 5‐benzyl‐3‐furylmethyl D‐trans‐chrysanthemate) against blackfly larvae (Simulium ornatum) is described. The results showed that the pyrethroids alone or with piperonyl butpxide were of similar activity to Abate (O,O,O',O'‐tetramethyl O,O'‐thiodi‐p‐phenylene phosphor‐othioate) and Dursban (O,O‐diethyl O‐3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridylphosphorothioate), insecticides of known activity against blackfly larvae. However, the pyrethroids cause rapid larval detachment in running water, and may be of value in controlling these insects when used in conjunction with another insecticide.
Increase in wheat grain yield induced by chlormequat chloride
Authors: El‐Fouly M. M. , Fawzi A. F. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWheat plants sprayed with chlormequat chloride (CCC) at concentrations of 4 and 8 1/ha overcame lodging and plant heights were decreased owing to the shortening of the upper internodes. Grain yield increased significantly in plants treated with 2,4 and 81/ha. Number of ears/plant was also increased, but neither the length of ear on the main stem nor the weight of 100 grains was affected by CCC. In addition, sometimes the number of grains/ear increased. The increase in yield is attributed to more fertile tillers/plant and/or to more grains/ear.
Uptake from inorganic sprays applied to apple trees
Authors: Allen M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen apple leaves are momentarily dipped in a solution of a non‐deliquescent salt, significant amounts of copper, but not of magnesium, are taken up by the time that drying‐out of the surface deposit causes uptake to cease. If treated leaves are dipped again in copper sulphate solution, more copper is taken up in another period of rapid adsorption. Thus the initial adsorption process must play an essential part in all subsequent uptake. It is further shown that the greater part of the leaf surface must take part in the uptake process.Leaves momentarily dipped in a solution of a deliquescent magnesium salt (e.g. the chloride) usually take up significant amounts of magnesium within the first hour or so after treatment, but then uptake ceases. It is shown that normally only part of the leaf surface is able to take up magnesium.It is suggested, therefore, that more routes are available to copper than to magnesium (and urea) for entry into the leaf.
Determination of residues of the molluscicide trifenmorph and its breakdown product triphenylcarbinol: I.—Method
Authors: Beynon K. I. , Edwards M. J. , Wright A. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA procedure has been developed for the analysis of crops and soils for residues of trifenmorph (N‐trityl‐morpholine) molluscicide and its breakdown product triphenylcarbinol (TPC). Samples were extracted with 20% by vol. acetone in petroleum ether and the efficiency of the extraction was established using radiochemical techniques. The extracts were subjected to column chromatography on basic alumina columns to separate trifenmorph from the TPC. The residues were converted to trichloroethyl ether derivatives followed by clean‐up by column chromatography on silica gel and analysis of down to 0·02 ng by gas‐liquid chromatography. Blank values were generally 0·01–0·02 ppm, recoveries were on average about 80% and were limited to this value by the yield of the etherification reaction. The storage stability of the residues at —10°c was satisfactory.
Insecticidal activity of the pyrethrins and related compounds: III.—Penetration of pyrethroid insecticides into mustard beetles (Phaedon cochleariae)
Authors: Elliott M. , Ford M. G. , Janes N. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSubstituted benzyl chrysanthemates are lost from the surface of Phaedon cochleariae Fab. at rates correlated with their toxicities to this insect, less toxic compounds in general being lost faster. The forms of the penetration curves are explained by a model system in which movement into the insect is eventually balanced by detoxification, and relative detoxification rates for the members of the series of compounds are deduced from this model. Such values assist interpretation of relations between structure and activity by indicating to what extent susceptibility to detoxification limits the potency of the less toxic compounds.
Persistence of pronamide in soil
Authors: Walker A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnder field conditions, there was little loss of herbicidal activity following spring application of pronamide when the soil temperature remained below about 13°c, but under normal summer conditions loss was rapid (half‐life 2–4 weeks). The rate of loss was retarded when the surface soil became very dry. After autumn application, there was no change in activity during the winter months and assays on samples taken in the following spring showed that little leaching had taken place from the surface 5 cm. In laboratory studies, breakdown was shown to follow first‐order kinetics. Half‐lives at 10% soil moisture were 29 days at 23°c, 63 days at 15°c and 140 days at 8°c. At 23°c the half‐life was extended to 52 days when the soil moisture content was reduced by half.