bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive, but not proactive aggression predicts victimization among boys
Authors: Salmivalli Christina , Helteenvuori Tiia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractProspective links among reactive aggression, proactive aggression, and victimization by peers were investigated in a longitudinal sample of 238 preadolescents (aged 10–13 years, 52% girls). No predictive links were found between victimization and either type of aggression among girls. Among boys, reactive aggression predicted higher future levels of victimization but was not itself affected by prior victimization. In contrast, boys' proactive aggression predicted lower levels of future victimization and was itself reduced by their prior victimization. Finally, reactive aggression predicted later proactive aggression for both boys and girls. These results are explained in terms of the different reactions that others have to proactive and reactive aggression, the different functions they serve, and to the different types of aggression that are common for boys and girls. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–9, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism predicts adolescent outcome of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Li Jun , Kang Chuanyuan , Zhang Haobo , Wang Yufeng , Zhou Rulun , Wang Bing , Guan Lili , Yang Li , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractADHD is generally deemed to be a highly heritable disorder with mean heritability of 0.75. The enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which has both A and B types, has long been considered a candidate pathological substrate for ADHD, and more recently, the genes for both MAO enzymes have been examined as mediators of the illness. Previous studies indicated that 30–50% of children with ADHD will experience symptoms that persist into adolescence and will have more significant impairment in social and neuropsychological functioning compared to those whose symptoms have remitted. Genes may also influence these characteristics of the disorder, and in this context MAO genes may also be candidates for moderating the presentation of ADHD. The current study examined the association between adolescent outcome of ADHD and MAO gene polymorphisms, including the 941T > G polymorphism in exon 8 (rs1799835) and 1460C > T polymorphism in exon 14 (rs1137070) of the MAOA gene, and the A > G polymorphism in intron13 (rs1799836), C > T polymorphism in the 3'UTR (rs1040399), and 2327T > C polymorphism in exon15 of the MAOB gene. Significant associations were observed between the MAOA gene polymorphisms and ADHD remission. Due to the small sample size and the possibility of phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity of ADHD outcomes across ethnic or geographic groups, these results must be replicated before they can be generalized to other populations. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear receptor NR4A2 IVS6 +18insG and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) V66M polymorphisms and risk of Taiwanese parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Chiung‐Mei , Chen I‐Cheng , Chang Kuo‐Hsuan , Chen Yi‐Chun , Lyu Rong‐Kuo , Liu Yen‐Tzu , Hu Fen‐Ju , Chao Chih‐Ying , Lee‐Chen Guey‐Jen , Wu Yih‐Ru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBoth of environmental and genetic factors confer vulnerability to Parkinson's disease (PD). NR4A2 (Nurr1), a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily, is essential for the neurogenesis and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD, as the surviving dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons have reduced levels of BDNF. This study examines whether BDNF V66M (c.196 G → A) or NR4A2 IVS6 +18insG polymorphism is associated with the risk of Taiwanese PD and the age of onset using a case‐control study. The genotype or allele frequency distribution of both BDNF V66M and NR4A2 IVS6 +18insG polymorphisms was not significantly different between the cases and the controls. Neither BDNF nor NR4A2 polymorphism influences PD onset age. Notably, after stratification by sex, female individuals carrying the NR4A2 2G/2G genotype demonstrated a trend toward significant decrease in risk of developing PD (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.25–0.96, P = 0.039). These results suggest that the NR4A2 IVS6 +18insG polymorphism may play a minor role in PD susceptibility among Taiwanese women. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genome‐wide linkage analysis for the personality trait neuroticism in the Irish affected sib‐pair study of alcohol dependence
Authors: Kuo Po‐Hsiu , Neale Michael C. , Riley Brien P. , Patterson Diana G. , Walsh Dermot , Prescott Carol A. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNeuroticism is a personality trait which reflects individual differences in emotional stability and vulnerability to stress and anxiety. Consistent evidence shows substantial genetic influences on variation in this trait. The present study seeks to identify regions containing susceptibility loci for neuroticism using a selected sib‐pair sample from Ireland. Using Merlin regress, we conducted a 4 cM whole‐genome linkage analysis on 714 sib‐pairs. Evidence for linkage to neuroticism was found on chromosomes 11p, 12q, and 15q. The highest linkage peak was on 12q at marker D12S1638 with a Lod score of 2.13 (−log p = 2.76, empirical P‐value <0.001). Our data also support gender specific loci for neuroticism, with male specific linkage regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 11, 12, 15, 16, and 22, and female specific linkage regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 9, 12, 13, and 18. Some genome regions reported in the present study replicate findings from previous linkage studies of neuroticism. These results, together with prior studies, indicate several potential regions for quantitative trait loci for neuroticism that warrant further study. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CGG repeat length correlates with age of onset of motor signs of the fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)
Authors: Tassone Flora , Adams John , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth M. , Cohen Susannah S. , Brusco Alfredo , Leehey Maureen A. , Li Lexin , Hagerman Randi J. , Hagerman Paul J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late‐onset neurological disorder among carriers of premutation CGG‐repeat expansions within the FMR1 gene. Principal features of FXTAS include progressive action tremor and gait ataxia, with associated features of parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, dysautonomia, and cognitive decline. Although both clinical and neuropathologic features of FXTAS are known to be highly associated with CGG repeat length, the relationship between repeat length and age‐of‐onset is not known. To address this issue, the ages of onset of action tremor and gait ataxia were documented by history for 93 male carriers. For this cohort, the mean ages of onset were 62.6 ± 8.1 years (range, 39–78 years) for tremor, and 63.6 ± 7.3 years (range, 47–78 years) for ataxia; the mean CGG repeat number was 88.5 ± 14 (range, 60–133). Analysis of the relationship between clinical onset and molecular measures revealed significant correlations between CGG repeat number and onset of both tremor (P = 0.001) and ataxia (P = 0.002), as well as overall onset (P < 0.0001). Our findings indicate that the CGG repeat number is a potential predictor of the age of onset of core motor features of FXTAS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of two risk haplotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter gene (SVMT)
Authors: Gutiérrez Blanca , Rosa Araceli , Papiol Sergi , Arrufat Francisco J. , Catalán Rosa , Salgado Purificación , Peralta Víctor , Cuesta Manuel J. , Fañanás Lourdes 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter (SVMT) plays a key role in monoaminergic neurotransmission determining the size of neurotransmitter vesicular pools available for exocytotic release. Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that altered functions of SVMT may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain neuropsychiatric diseases, including psychotic and mood disorders. In the present study, we tested the potential involvement of SVMT gene variants in the etiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Five different SNPs (T440G, C1368T, T2666C, A2683C, and A745G) were included in the analysis covering a region of about 35 kb along the SVMT gene. Analyses were performed in a case‐control sample consisting of 88 bipolar patients, 107 subjects with schizophrenia, and 164 controls. Two risk haplotypes for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in SVMT gene were identified. Particularly, 2666T‐2683A‐745G (TAG) and 2666C‐2683C‐745A (CCA) combinations were significantly more frequent in both bipolar and schizophrenic patients than in controls. UNPHASED package estimated haplotype effects for all patients yielded relative risks of 4.1 (95%CI: 1.83–9.21) for TAG combination and 2.336 (95%CI: 1.28–4.26) for CCA haplotype. Conversely, 2666T‐2683C‐745A (TCA) and 2666C‐2683A‐745G (CAG) haplotypes seemed to protect against these mental disorders, since the estimated frequency in control chromosomes was 12% whilst such haplotypes were not observed in any bipolar or schizophrenic subject (P < 0.0000). Our results strongly suggest that SVMT gene or certain regions of it may constitute a genetic substrate of susceptibility for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liquid‐crystalline epoxy resins
Authors: Galina H. , Mossety‐Leszczak B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new liquid‐crystalline epoxy monomer (LCEM) containing central triaromatic mesogen and aliphatic spacers consisting of eight methylene units terminated with epoxy groups was synthesized and characterized by means of IR and NMR spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. The cure reaction of LCEM with primary aromatic diamines in a stoichiometric ratio and with a tertiary amine catalyst of polymerization and the properties of the cured products were investigated with a DSC technique. The effects of the curing conditions (polyaddition vs anionic polymerization) and the structures of the amines on the formation of liquid‐crystalline networks were studied. The monomer cured with selected amines yielded an anisotropic network. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 224–228, 2007
Effect of hydrophobic modification on the rheological properties of poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide)
Authors: Jachowicz J. , McMullen R. , Wu C. , Senak L. , Koelmel D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide) (copolymer I) and its hydrophobically modified analogue, poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone–dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide–dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide⊕–C12H25Cl⊖) (copolymer II), were compared in the concentration range from 1 to 20% with dynamic and Brookfield rheometers. In addition, gel permeation chromatography/multi‐angle laser light scattering light scattering data were obtained to characterize the molecular weights and radii of gyration for the polymer samples. In general, the hydrophobically modified polymer copolymer II was characterized by a chain configuration that was more compact and a viscosity that was an order of magnitude lower than that of its unmodified counterpart, copolymer I (both polymers were characterized by similar molecular weights), in dilute (1% w/w) and semiconcentrated solutions (<5% w/w). The difference in the chain configurations resulted in significant differences in the measured viscosities of the polymer solutions as a function of polymer concentration and in the presence of added electrolyte. On the basis of dynamic rheological measurements for more concen‐trated solutions in the range of 5–10% for copolymer I and 5–20% for copolymer II, the viscous modulus predominated (loss modulus > storage modulus), with crossover points occurring at 10% (w/w) and 10 Hz for copolymer I and 20% (w/w) and 20 Hz for copolymer II. The mixtures of copolymer II with anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene (2) dodecyl ether sulfate (sodium laureth‐2‐sulfate), showed strong interactions by exhibiting viscosity maxima and flocculation points corresponding to the surfactant/polymer alkyl group and surfactant/polymer charge concentration ratios in the range of 1–2. Copolymer II showed network formation by significant viscosity buildup in combination with two nonionic surfactants, which included C14–15 Pareth‐7 and C12–13 Pareth‐3. On the basis of viscosity measurements, copolymer I was found not to interact with anionic and nonionic surfactants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 190–200, 2007
Synthesis of a linear polyethylene macromonomer and preparation of polystyrene‐graft‐polyethylene copolymers via grafting‐through atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Kaneyoshi Hiromu , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA vinyl‐terminated linear polyethylene (number‐average molecular weight = 1800, weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight = 1.7, functionality = 92%) prepared by ethylene coordination polymerization was transformed into a monohydroxy‐terminated linear polyethylene by hydroalumination of the vinyl group with diisobutylaluminum hydride and subsequent oxidation and hydrolysis. This monohydroxy‐terminated linear polyethylene was quantitatively converted into a linear polyethylene macromonomer with a terminal α‐methacrylate group through esterification followed by dehydrobromination. A grafting‐through atom transfer radical polymerization of the α‐methacrylate‐terminated polyethylene and styrene was performed to yield a well‐defined polystyrene‐graft‐polyethylene copolymer. The number‐average molecular weight of the graft copolymers, measured by gel permeation chromatography, was lower than the predetermined number‐average molecular weight, presumably because of the intramolecular aggregation of polyethylene side chains. The α‐methacrylate‐terminated polyethylene content and number‐average molecular weight of polystyrene‐graft‐polyethylene were determined by 1H‐NMR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 3–13, 2007
Addition of H3PO4 to diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A: Kinetics and product structure
Authors: Penczek Stanislaw , Kaluzynski Krzysztof , Pretula Julia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe preparation of the addition products of H3PO4 to bisphenol A based epoxy resins is described. These products are considered modifiers of the epoxy resins and for the further formation of useful networks (coatings and related products). Depending on the ratio of H3PO4 to epoxy groups and other reaction variables, a family of oligomers with acidic end groups has been formed. The major reaction is the addition of H3PO4 to epoxy groups. Among the side reactions, the acid‐catalyzed addition of the >CHOH (and/or CH2OH) groups to epoxy groups dominates. The OH groups, if not present in the starting resins, are emerging from the POH to oxirane ring addition. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis of the starting epoxy resins has revealed their structural diversity. In the kinetic measurements and determination of the ester composition, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (BADE) as a model compound has been mostly applied. The kinetics of the H3PO4–BADE reaction is described, and the structures of the final products are analyzed with 31P{1H}‐NMR, which gives (at pH ∼ 12) quantitatively the proportions of the monoesters, diesters, and triesters as well as the unreacted H3PO4. The conditions have been found leading exclusively to the monoester, and this indicates that an increase in the reaction temperature enhances the selectivity of the reaction; that is, it depresses the proportion of the acid‐catalyzed OH and epoxy group reaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 246–254, 2007
Biodegradable blends of poly(L‐lactide) and starch
Authors: Kozlowski M. , Masirek R. , Piorkowska E. , Gazicki‐Lipman M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBlends of poly(L‐lactide) (PLA), containing from 5, 15, or 25 wt % potato starch, unmodified or hydrophobized in methane plasma, were prepared and studied. To enhance the drawability of the blends, the plasticization of PLA with 10 wt % poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) was also employed. The thermal and mechanical properties of the blends with amorphous and crystalline matrices were investigated. The hydrophobization of starch did not improve the ultimate properties of the blends, which were generally worse than those of neat PLA, because of the separation of the starch grains from the polymer matrix during tensile drawing. The separation also occurred in blends with a PEG‐plasticized matrix containing 15 wt % modified starch, which fractured earlier than PLA plasticized with PEG. Nevertheless, the elongation at break of the plasticized blends reached 1.3, which was considerably more than that of blends with corresponding starch contents without a plasticizer (ca. 0.05). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 269–277, 2007
Microtacticity changes during transesterification
Authors: Platé Nikolay A. , Litmanovich Arkady D. , Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V. , Demidenok Konstantin V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of a direct interchain exchange reaction (transesterification) on the microtacticity of polymer chains is studied with theory and a Monte Carlo simulation. Kinetic equations describing the evolution of the distribution over the type and length of the dyad sequences in the course of transesterification are derived. From this detailed consideration, the dependence of the average lengths of the isotactic and syndiotactic sequences on time is calculated for a melt of an initially isotactic homopolymer. It is shown that the microtacticity change proceeds at a rate similar to that of copolymer randomization during transesterification in polymer blends and much more slowly than the relaxation of the molecular mass distribution. The reacting chains for a long time consist of isotactic sequences of decreasing length and mostly isolated syndiotactic dyads. Possible effects of varying the ratio of the rate constants of the elementary reactions between dyads of different types are investigated. The agreement between the calculations and results of the Monte Carlo simulation is satisfactory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 60–66, 2007
Diet supplement based on radiation‐modified chitosan and radiation‐synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone microgels: Influence on the liver weight in rats fed a fat‐ and cholesterol‐rich diet
Authors: Czechowska‐Biskup Renata , Ulański Piotr , Olejnik Alicja K. , Nowicka Grażyna , Panczenko‐Kresowska Bogumiła , Rosiak Janusz M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA polymer‐based preparation (a chitosan–microgel preparation called CHM), intended for use as a diet supplement reducing fat and cholesterol absorption from the digestive tract, was obtained by the combination of chitosan of a reduced molecular weight with a polyvinylpyrrolidone microgel in a 1 : 1 (w/w) ratio. Both components were obtained with ionizing radiation (controlled degradation of chitosan in the solid state and crosslinking polymerization of neat vinylpyrrolidone). The chitosan component was shown in previous in vitro studies to exhibit a high fat‐binding capacity, whereas the microgels, able to swell to about 40 times their original volume, were intended to serve as stomach‐filling agents. The influence of the CHM preparation on the body mass, the weight of the liver and other principal organs, and the serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol was examined in rats fed a fat‐ and cholesterol‐rich diet (FChD). It was found that the preparation administered as a diet additive at 4% CHM (2% chitosan) in rats effectively prevented body mass gain, fat accumulation in the liver, and liver enlargement, which otherwise developed in the animals fed FChD only, whereas the weight of the other main organs (heart, liver, kidney, spleen, testicles, and lungs) remained unaltered. CHM was also capable of exerting this effect when administered to animals already in an atherosclerotic, overweight condition. No adverse effects were observed during the 10 weeks of feeding the animals the CHM‐containing diet. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 169–176, 2007
Kinetics of photoinduced birefringence in the guest–host system of poly(methyl methacrylate) doped with azobenzene‐containing crown ethers
Authors: Shimizu Flávio Makoto , Volpati Diogo , Giacometti José Alberto , Sworakowski Juliusz , Janus Krzysztof , Luboch Elżbieta 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the buildup and decay of photoinduced birefringence was examined in a series of host–guest systems: azobenzene‐containing crown ethers, differing in the size of the crowns, dissolved in a poly (methyl methacrylate) matrix. In all samples, the kinetics of the buildup of the birefringence was reasonably described by a sum of two exponential functions, the time constants being inversely proportional to the intensity of the pumping light and the magnitudes of the signals at the saturation level depending on the pumping light intensity and sample thickness. The dark decays were best described by the stretched exponential function, with the characteristic parameters (time constant and stretch coefficient) being practically independent of the type of crown ether. The time constants of the signal decay were orders of magnitude shorter than the respective constants of the dark isomerization of the azo crown ethers, thus indicating that the process controlling the decay was a relaxation of the polymer matrix and/or a rearrangement of the flexible parts of the crowns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 130–136, 2007
Fluorescent, molecularly imprinted thin‐layer films based on a common polymer
Authors: Cywinski Piotr , Sadowska Maja , Danel Andrzej , Buma Wybren Jan , Brouwer Albert M. , Wandelt Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFluorescent, molecularly imprinted polymer thin films, with cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cGMP) as a template and 1,2‐diphenyl‐6‐vinyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐[3,4‐b]‐quinoline as a fluorescent receptor, were prepared according to a method based on commercially available poly (methyl methacrylate). This method of preparation predicts photoinduced crosslinking in the mixture of polymer chains and involved components. The advantages of this method are the relative simplicity of its preparation and the fact that a common polymer can be used. The spin‐coated thin‐layer films of imprinted and nonimprinted polymers were studied with the use of fluorescence microscopy with a scanning range of 80 × 80 μm. A strong fluorescence quenching effect was observed when a cGMP‐imprinted film was incubated in aqueous solutions of cGMP, but a comparatively small effect was observed for a nonimprinted polymer and when an imprinted film was incubated with cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP). The separation factor by the imprinted polymer was determined to be 2.55 for cGMP against cAMP. The obtained polymeric sensor appeared to be stable during subsequent measurements after rewashing and readsorption. The homogeneity of the surface of the polymer film, dependent on the method of film preparation, was also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 229–235, 2007