bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spindle disturbances in human‐hamster hybrid (AL) cells induced by mobile communication frequency range signals
Authors: Schrader Thorsten , Münter Klaus , Kleine‐Ostmann Thomas , Schmid Ernst 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe production of spindle disturbances in FC2 cells, a human‐hamster hybrid (AL) cell line, by non‐ionizing radiation was studied using an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 90 V/m at a frequency of 835 MHz. Due to the given experimental conditions slide flask cultures were exposed at room temperature in a µTEM (transversal electromagnetic field) cell, which allows optimal experimental conditions for small samples of biological material. Numerical calculations suggest that specific absorption rates of up to 60 mW/kg are reached for maximum field exposure. All exposure field parameters—either measured or calculable—are precisely defined and, for the first time, traceable to the standards of the SI system of physical units. Compared with co‐incident negative controls, the results of two independently performed experiments suggest that exposure periods of time from 0.5 to 2 h with an electric field strength of 90 V/m are spindle acting agents as predominately indicated by the appearance of spindle disturbances at the ana‐ and telophase stages (especially lagging and non‐disjunction of single chromosomes) of cell divisions. The spindle disturbances do not change the fraction of mitotic cells with increasing exposure time up to 2 h. Due to the applied experimental conditions an influence of temperature as a confounder parameter for spindle disturbances can be excluded. Bioelectromagnetics 29:626–639, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) induce in vitro angiogenesis process in human endothelial cells
Authors: Delle Monache Simona , Alessandro Riccardo , Iorio Roberto , Gualtieri Giancaterino , Colonna Rosella 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEffects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on activation of angiogenesis were analysed using cultured umbilical human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cultures were exposed to a sinusoidal EMF to intensity of 1 mT, 50 Hz for up to 12 h. EMFs increased the degree of endothelial cell proliferation and tubule formation, coupled by an acceleration in the process of wound healing. Since this process is physiologically accompanied by a large modification in the structural organization of actin and focal adhesions, we analyzed the rearrangement of some cytoskeleton elements demonstrating a major reorganization of the fibres and of the focal adhesion complexes after EMF exposure. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in phosphorylation as well as the overall expression of VEGF receptor 2 (KDR/Flk‐1) suggesting that EMFs may modulate in vitro some endothelial functions correlated to angiogenesis through signal transduction pathways dependent on VEGF. Bioelectromagnetics 29:640–648, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant protection during ageing and senescence in chloroplasts of tobacco with modulated life span
Authors: Procházková Dagmar , Haisel Daniel , Wilhelmová Nad'a 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe studied changes in antioxidant protection during ageing and senescence in chloroplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin) with introduced SAG12 promoter fused with ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis (transgenic plants with increased levels of cytokinins, SAG) or without it (control). Old leaves of SAG plants as well as their chloroplasts maintained higher physiological parameters compared to controls; accordingly, we concluded that their ageing was diverted due to increased cytokinin content. The chloroplast antioxidant protection did not decrease as well. Although antioxidant protection usually decreased in whole leaves of senescing control plants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity, which maintained the high redox state of ascorbate, increased in chloroplasts of old control leaves. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Molecular Orbital Rationalization of Ligand Effects in N2 Activation
Authors: Ariafard Alireza , Brookes Nigel J , Stranger Robert , Yates Brian F 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMolecular orbital theory has been used to study a series of [(μ‐N2){ML3}2] complexes as models for dinitrogen activation, with M=Mo, Ta, W, Re and L=NH2, PH2, AsH2, SbH2 and N(BH2)2. The main aims of this study have been to provide a thorough electronic analysis of the complexes and to extend previous work involving molecular orbital analyses. Molecular orbital diagrams have been used to rationalize why for L=NH2 ligand rotation is important for the singlet state but not the triplet, to confirm the effect of ligand π donation, and to rationalize the importance of the metal d‐electron configuration. The outcomes of this study will assist with a more in‐depth understanding of the electronic basis for N2 activation and allow clearer predictions to be made about the structure and multiplicity of systems involved in transition‐metal catalysis.
Plasticity of lumbosacral propriospinal neurons is associated with the development of autonomic dysreflexia after thoracic spinal cord transection
Authors: Hou Shaoping , Duale Hanad , Cameron Adrian A. , Abshire Sarah M. , Lyttle Travis S. , Rabchevsky Alexander G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractComplete thoracic (T) spinal cord injury (SCI) above the T6 level typically results in autonomic dysreflexia, an abnormal hypertensive condition commonly triggered by nociceptive stimuli below the level of SCI. Overexpression of nerve growth factor in the lumbosacral spinal cord induces profuse sprouting of nociceptive pelvic visceral afferent fibers that correlates with increased hypertension in response to noxious colorectal distension. After complete T4 SCI, we evaluated the plasticity of propriospinal neurons conveying visceral input rostrally to thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the lumbosacral dorsal gray commissure (DGC) of injured/nontransected rats immediately after injury (acute) or 2 weeks later (delayed). At 1 or 2 weeks after delayed or acute injections, respectively, a higher density (P < 0.05) of BDA+ fibers was found in thoracic dorsal gray matter of injured vs. nontransected spinal cords. For corroboration, fast blue (FB) or cholera toxin subunit beta (CTb) was injected into the T9 dorsal horns 2 weeks postinjury/nontransection. After 1 week transport, more retrogradely labeled (P < 0.05) DGC propriospinal neurons (T13–S1) were quantified in injured vs. nontransected cords. We also monitored immediate early gene c‐fos expression following colorectal distension and found increased (P < 0.01) c‐Fos+ cell numbers throughout the DGC after injury. Collectively, these results imply that, in conjunction with local primary afferent fiber plasticity, injury‐induced sprouting of DGC neurons may be a key constituent in relaying visceral sensory input to sympathetic preganglionic neurons that elicit autonomic dysreflexia after high thoracic SCI. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:382–399, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Dawson‐Type Dirhenium(V)‐Oxido‐Bridged Polyoxotungstate: X‐ray Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Evolution from Water Vapor under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Kato Chika Nozaki , Hara Kazunobu , Hatano Ayumi , Goto Kazuhiro , Kuribayashi Tomonori , Hayashi Kunihiko , Shinohara Akira , Kataoka Yusuke , Mori Wasuke , Nomiya Kenji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and crystal structure of a Dawson‐type dirhenium(V)‐oxido‐bridged polyoxotungstate are described. The potassium salt K14[O{ReV(OH)(α2‐P2W17O61)}2]·21H2O (K‐1) was obtained as analytically pure, homogeneous, black‐purple crystals by the reaction of a monolacunary Dawson polyoxotungstate with [ReIVCl6]2– in water, followed by crystallization from an aqueous HCl solution in the dark. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed that the dimeric dirhenium(V)‐oxido‐bridged structure has overall C2h symmetry. Characterization of K‐1 was also accomplished by elemental analysis, TG/DTA, and FTIR, UV/Vis absorption, ESR, and solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the black‐purple compound K‐1 was grafted onto a TiO2 surface by electrostatic binding to give TiO2 with a cationic quaternaryammonium moiety (1‐grafted TiO2). Elemental analysis of 1‐grafted TiO2 indicated that the seven potassium counterions of K‐1 were ion‐exchanged with seven cationic ammonium moieties to form {TiO2}5500[≡Si(CH2)3N(CH3)3Cl]7[≡Si(CH2)3N+(CH3)3]7(K7[O{Re(OH)(α2‐P2W17O61)}2]7–) and seven molecules of KCl. The diffuse reflectance (DR) UV/Vis spectrum of 1‐grafted TiO2 exhibited two sharp bands at 496 nm and 751 nm due to the ReV→WVI intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band and the d–d band of the rhenium(V) atom, respectively, in the visible light region, which suggestedthat polyoxoanion 1 was isolated on the TiO2 surface. With 1‐grafted TiO2, hydrogen evolution from water vapor under irradiation with visible light (>400 nm and >420 nm) was achieved. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Copper(II) Complexes with Bridging Diphosphinates – The Effect of the Elongation of the Aliphatic Chain on the Structural Arrangements Around the Metal Centres
Authors: Costantino Ferdinando , Ienco Andrea , Midollini Stefano , Orlandini Annabella , Sorace Lorenzo , Vacca Alberto 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe reactivity in water solution of the two closely related P,P′‐diphenylmethylenediphosphinic (H2pcp) and P,P′‐diphenylethylenediphosphinic (H2pc2p) acids towards copper(II) salts, in the presence of 2,2′‐bipyridine, has been investigated. The reaction of H2pc2p with copper(II) acetate and 2,2′‐bipy resulted in the dinuclear complex of formula [(2,2′‐bipy)Cu(μ‐pc2p)2Cu(2,2′‐bipy)]·4.5H2O (2), which contrasts the monomeric complex [(2,2′‐bipy)Cu(pcp)(H2O)] (1) previously obtained from H2pcp. The reactions of H2pcp and H2pc2p with copper(II) perchlorate and 2,2′‐bipy resulted in the two different dinuclear complexes respectively of formulas [(2,2′‐bipy)(H2O)Cu(μ‐pcp)(μ‐ClO4)Cu(2,2′‐bipy)][ClO4]·[(2,2′‐bipy)(ClO4)Cu(μ‐pcp)(μ‐ClO4)Cu(2,2′‐bipy)]·H2O (3) and [(2,2′‐bipy)Cu(μ‐pc2p)(μ‐ClO4)Cu(2,2′‐bipy)(ClO4)] (4). The structures of the new complexes and those of the solid diphosphinic acids H2pcp and H2pc2p have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. In spite of their close similarity the two diphosphinate ligands adopt different conformations which in turn can remarkably influence the structural arrangements of the resulting copper complexes. The magnetic properties of complex 3, which contains four metal centers, with three of them in different (even if similar) chemical environments, have been characterized by low‐temperature measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Virgin olive oil ‐ Chemical implications on quality and health
Authors: García‐González Diego L. , Aparicio‐Ruiz Ramón , Aparicio Ramón 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper provides a brief review of the most significant characteristics of olive oil. Processing, composition, authentication, sensory quality and health benefits are the examined aspects. In all these issues, the most recent challenges are described, most of them related to new environmental problems, emerging procedures of adulteration and new chemical features to detect them, and a deep knowledge of the relationship between olive oil consumption and the incidence of some diseases other than cardiovascular malfunction.
Assessment of variable effects on solvent‐free monoacylglycerol enzymatic production in AOT surfactant
Authors: Fiametti Karina G. , Rovani Suzimara , de Oliveira Débora , Corazza Marcos L. , Treichel Helen , Oliveira J. Vladimir 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis work reports the application of a lipase in the glycerolysis of olive oil for the production of monoacylglycerols (MAG). For this purpose, the enzymatic glycerolysis of olive oil with an immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) was accomplished using sodium (bis‐2‐ethyl‐hexyl) sulfosuccinate (Aerosol‐OT or AOT) as surfactant in a solvent‐free system. A sequential strategy was used applying two experimental designs to optimize the MAG production. In general, it was observed that the temperature had a negligible effect on MAG conversion while the enzyme and AOT concentrations present a positive significant effect (p <0.05) and the stirring rate a negative one. An empirical model was then built so as to assess the effects of process variables on the reaction conversion. Afterwards, the operating conditions that optimized MAG production were established as follows: temperature of 70 °C, stirring rate of 600 rpm, 16 wt‐% of AOT and 7.5 wt‐% of enzyme, leading to a reaction conversion as high as 55%.
Development of a rheological method to characterize palm oil crystallizing under shear
Authors: De Graef Veerle , Goderis Bart , Van Puyvelde Peter , Foubert Imogen , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo follow palm oil crystallization under shear, a new rheological method was developed. This method can be split up into two parts: In the first part, continuous shear is applied for a pre‐defined period and crystallization is monitored by measuring the apparent viscosity as a function of isothermal time under shear. In the second part, shear is halted and oscillation is applied during 30 s, thus recording moduli and phase angle. These moduli and phase angle are then characteristic of a sample crystallized under shear during this pre‐defined period. After repeating this procedure for increasing shearing periods in the first part, complex modulus and phase angle were plotted as a function of isothermal time under shear. The thus obtained results were compared with crystallization data obtained via time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy.
Fluorescent Bis(oligophenylylamino)terephthalates
Authors: Zhang Yawei , Starynowicz Przemysław , Christoffers Jens 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe reaction of succinyl succinates with aniline, iodoaniline and iodobiphenylamine yielded 2,5‐bis(arylamino)terephthalates. Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions of the iodo‐functionalized compounds with phenyl‐ and biphenylylboronic acids gave 2,5‐diaminoterephthalates with N‐biphenylyl, N‐terphenylyl and N‐quaterphenylyl substituents. Some of the products show interesting fluorescence behaviour. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biomarker discovery in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Schwarz Emanuel , Bahn Sabine 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSchizophrenia is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder. Its onset is the result of complex interactions between genetic, developmental and environmental factors. It almost certainly presents a heterogeneous group of aetiologies which may not be reflected in the symptomatic/clinical presentation of patients. Therefore, a better molecular understanding of the disease onset and progression is urgently needed. The high complexity of the disorder and the heterogeneity of patient populations account for the slow progress of biomarker discovery approaches. Multi‐omics profiling approaches can be employed to investigate large numbers of patient and control samples in a single experiment. These large scale experiments are required to identify disease intrinsic molecular signatures as well as patient subgroups with potentially distinct biochemical pathways underpinning their symptoms. In this overview, we describe some of the most important challenges for biomarker discovery for psychiatric disorders and emphasize how these problems contribute to the requirement of large sample numbers. Results of MS‐based protein profiling studies in schizophrenia research are reviewed and technical advantages and difficulties of the methodologies described. We outline recent technological advances that generated impressive results in other areas of research and point to their applicability for biomarker discovery in psychiatric disorders.
Multiplexed quantitation of endogenous estrogens and estrogen metabolites in human peritoneal fluid
Authors: Xu Xia , Othman Essam El‐Dine R. , Issaq Haleem J. , Hornung Daniela , Al‐Hendy Ayman , Veenstra Timothy D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEndogenous estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) in human peritoneal fluid may play an important role in health and disease, yet little is known regarding their types and levels present in human peritoneal fluid, primarily due to the lack of an analytical method that is capable of directly quantifying their absolute abundances. In this report, we describe the application of a capillary LC‐MS/MS method for identifying and quantifying biologically active and total endogenous EM in human peritoneal fluid. The method requires only 50 μL of peritoneal fluid, yet can quantify 13 distinct EM. Calibration curves for each EM were linear over a 103‐fold concentration range and the lower LOQ was 50 fg on‐column. For a charcoal stripped human peritoneal fluid sample containing 10 pg/mL of each EM, accuracy ranged from 83 to 118%, and intrabatch precision ranged from 0.2 to 4.4% RSD and interbatch precision ranged from 5.5 to 15.5% RSD. The analyses of human female peritoneal fluid shows that at least 10 biologically active and 11 total endogenous EM can be positively identified and quantitatively measured. Many of the biologically active forms are present in high abundance and possess distinct biological activities which warrant further study. Although micellar EKC gave baseline separation of a standard mixture of 10 EM, the LOQs using UV detection were not suitable for the assay of the low level estrogens in biological samples.
Capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometric and electrospray time of flight mass spectrometric detection for the determination of arsenic species in fish samples
Authors: Meermann Björn , Bartel Marc , Scheffer Andy , Trümpler Stefan , Karst Uwe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCE was coupled to inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP‐MS) and ESI‐MS to identify and quantify the arsenic species arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). A GC‐flame ionization detector (FID)‐based German standard method and ICP‐MS were used for validation of the data obtained for arsenobetaine and total arsenic, respectively. LODs obtained with the CE‐ESI‐TOF‐MS method were 1.0×10−7 M for AsB, 5.0×10−7 M for DMA, and 1.0×10−6 M for AsIII and AsV. For the CE‐ICP‐MS method, LODs were 8.5×10−8 M for AsB, 9.5×10−8 M for DMA, 9.3×10−8 M for AsIII, and 6.2×10−8 M for AsV. While CE‐ICP‐MS provided high sensitivity and better reproducibility for quantitative measurements, CE‐ESI‐MS with a TOF mass analyzer proved to be valuable for species identification. With this setup, fish samples were prepared and analyzed and the obtained data were successfully validated with the independent methods.
Seasonal variation of flavour content of English vineyard grapes, determined by stir‐bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Caven‐Quantrill Darren J. , Buglass Alan J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe juices (musts) of Huxelrebe, Madeleine Angevine 7672, Ortega, Schönburger and Siegerrebe wine grapes of up to four vintages from two East Anglian vineyards were analysed for volatile flavour components, using stir‐bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The analytical flavour profiles for each variety differed considerably from season to season, depending on ripeness (and in turn on seasonal weather and yield), as judged by sugar content. (E)‐Anethole and estragole were most abundant in less ripe juices, although in all cases their concentrations were low. Likewise, C6 aldehydes hexanal and (E)‐2‐hexenal, as well as other carbonyl compounds, were more abundant in less ripe musts. Additionally, the aliphatic:aromatic ester ratio tended to be higher for riper musts, and higher concentrations of decanoic and dodecanoic acids tended to characterize riper juices. Aliphatic alcohols and terpenoids showed mixed trends. Despite the seasonal differences in flavour profiles, it was deduced that very few variations of individual components were likely to have much organoleptic impact in themselves. Seasonal variations in linalool and (E)‐β‐damascenone contents probably had the greatest flavour (aromatic fruity) impact on Schönburger and Siegerrebe juices and Huxelrebe and Ortega juices, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of alternative therapies in patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a prospective, controlled study
Authors: Landin Julia , Frölich Lutz , Schwarz Stefan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo study the frequency and type of alternative therapies used in patients with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment.MethodsIn a prospective study, 77 outpatients and 62 healthy volunteers were interviewed using a questionnaire concerning frequency, type and motivation of the use of alternative therapies.Results47% of patients and 18% of control subjects used alternative therapies to treat or prevent disturbances of memory (p < 0.001). No correlation could be found between use of alternative medicine and professional education, severity of disease, religion or health insurance status (p > 0.05). The most commonly used substances were vitamins. Side effects remained unreported. 52% of patients were treated with conventional medications. Only 44% of the patients informed their physician about the use of alternative medicine.ConclusionsThe use of alternative therapies, particularly vitamins, and herbal preparations of unknown efficacy is common among patients with dementia and MCI. Hence, the treating physician should actively inquire about their use as some preparations have pharmacological activity or could interact with other prescribed medications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.