bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste management of half-finished products and thermosetting wastes
Authors: Leszczyński Sławomir , Brzychczyk Beata 
Published: May 2008

Waste management of half-finished products and thermosetting wastes
Plastics are the widely used materials and their application increases every year considerably. Therefore, appropriate waste management policy should be used in relation to the utilization or recycling of scrap plastic components. Although most of these materials refer to thermoplastics, a huge widening demand is observed in the field of thermosets. They find a wide range of applications as the dielectric or insulating materials, high-current breaker switches, sensors and other electrical and electronic devices, as well as high-resistant sleeves in mechanical devices. The substantial part of the thermohardening products is used in a car, heavy, light, chemical industry and agriculture as well. The thermohardening wastes contain a large amount of combustible fraction as thermosetting resins, and various materials as a different kind of metals group like ferromagnetic and copper. Therefore, they are potential sources of energy and secondary materials. Application of thermal methods for the utilization of these wastes in the pyrolysis process was investigated. The development of the utilization of these wastes with the possibility of gas and liquid substance recovery as a potential source of energy on a commercial scale is the main aim of this paper.
Photodegradation of organic compounds in water
Authors: Brodzik Krzysztof , Walendziewski Jerzy , Stolarski Marek 
Published: May 2008

Photodegradation of organic compounds in water
The application of photocatalytic processes for the decontamination treatment of polluted water has inspired very extensive studies. Titanium dioxide with its large band gap energy and appropriate redox potential was found as one of the most promising semiconductors for the photodegradation of pollutants in the water as well as in gas phase. The titania-silica aerogels obtained by a simple co-hydrolysis method was applied in the photodegradation of the model organic compound. Different ageing times and heat treatment temperatures were found to influence both the activity and the textural properties of the photocatalysts. The obtained aerogels are efficient photodegradation catalysts of methylene blue and allow a removal up to 98 and 78% of the model pollutant from 20 and 500 ppm solutions, respectively.
The influence of the catalyst worktime on SO2 emission quantity from the sulfuric acid system and the catalyst waste material
Authors: Grzesiak Piotr , Grobela Marcin , Motała Rafał 
Published: May 2008

The influence of the catalyst worktime on SO2 emission quantity from the sulfuric acid system and the catalyst waste material
The catalytic process of SO2 to SO3 oxidation is the main step of sulfuric (VI) acid formation. The sustained catalyst operating due to its structural and textural modifications could disturb the process course. This paper includes the influence of the vanadic catalyst worktime on SO2 emission and the expected amount of the obtained waste material of the inactivated catalyst.
Industrial wastewater treatment by means of membrane techniques
Authors: Tomaszewska Maria 
Published: May 2008

Industrial wastewater treatment by means of membrane techniques
The importance of membrane processes in wastewater treatment is continuously growing. Membranes can be used for the separation of liquids, dissolved or suspended solids or solutes in the colloid form. The main features of membrane processes application for the treatment of spent solutions are possibilities of removal or recovery of valuable or harmful components as well as the possibility of closing water systems what reduce fresh water consumption. Very often the use of membrane processes allow to purify wastewater to a degree difficult to achieve by conventional techniques. The possibility of an application of pressure driven techniques such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for oily wastewater treatment, has been presented. The studies on the two-stage treatment of bilge water combining UF and RO or NF have demonstrated a high effectiveness of purification. NF could also be applied to recover glycols from spent coolant liquids. The utilization of membrane distillation for saline wastewater concentration or for the treatment of spent metal pickling solutions was demonstrated.
The potential application of a hybrid process combining photocatalytic degradation of organic matter with membrane separation for the treatment of wastewaters from textile industry has been shown.
Selection of cutting and washing fluids as a method of waste minimization
Authors: Rymarczyk Agnieszka , Mędrzycka Krystyna , Tomczak-Wandze Renata 
Published: May 2008

Selection of cutting and washing fluids as a method of waste minimization
The results of the corrosion test for washing and cutting fluids used in the process of gear-shafts production are presented. The test has been performed according to the DIN 51360-2 (Ford-test) and the PN-92/M-55789 procedures. Three cutting fluids and three washing fluids were chosen and their solutions in tap water (used in practice in the company) were investigated. On the basis of the obtained results it has been stated that the lower the fluid concentration, the stronger corrosion is developed. The concentrations recommended by the producer in the case of cutting fluids are properly chosen. For washing fluids two regions of concentration have been evaluated. The concentration recommended for rinsing is too low for protection against corrosion, while higher concentrations, for the washing process, are properly chosen, and corrosion did not occur.
Vegetable oils derivatives as the modifiers of the lubricating properties of water
Authors: Sułek Marian , Sas Witold , Przondo Jan 
Published: May 2008

Vegetable oils derivatives as the modifiers of the lubricating properties of water
Water has been used as a lubricating medium in a number of applications in tribology. Its insufficient lubricating properties are modified by appropriate additives. The aim of the tribological studies presented in this paper is an application of a mixture containing triglyceride ethoxylates and partial glycerides as well as esters and a block copolymer as additives. All the components are commercially available and relatively cheap. In order to examine the aqueous solutions, two kinds of tests were carried out on a four-ball apparatus: at the fixed load - measurements of the friction coefficient and wear as a function of time and seizure tests which made it possible to determine the scuffing load (Pt), the seizure load (P
oz
) and the limiting pressure of seizure (p
oz
). Changes in the quantities measured were analyzed as a function of concentrations ranging from 0.001% to 100%. In the fixed load tests the coefficient of friction decreased almost eight-fold, reaching the lowest value of 0.06 at above 0.1% concentration of the additive. Wear decreased over 3.5-fold. In the seizure tests a relatively high efficiency of the additive package was observed at the concentration of the order of the thousandth part of one percent. The compositions reached the maximum anti-seizure capacity at the concentrations of 4 and 10%. It is particularly interesting to note that the stability of the lubricating film being formed was characterized by the scuffing load. The maximum value of Pt was about 4kN high. Summing up, on the basis of the results obtained it may be concluded that the choice of package additives was correct and it effectively modified the lubricating properties of water.
The risk scale estimation of the agricultural environment pollution by heavy metals using the sequential extraction method
Authors: Rosada Janusz , Grzesiak Joanna , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: May 2008

The risk scale estimation of the agricultural environment pollution by heavy metals using the sequential extraction method
From among various industrial contaminants which can pollute agricultural environment, heavy metals having the capacity of bioaccumulation deserve special attention. The total composition analysis of the heavy metals content in the polluted soils does not provide enough data about their accessibility to the crops cultivated on these soils. It is very important to have the information about the forms in which the examined element exists, because it decides about its mobility and toxicity for the environment. Using the sequential chemical extraction method of Zeien and Brümmer the fractions of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and As in the soils influenced by emissions from the Copper Smelter GŁOGÓW, were investigated. The aim of these investigations was to determine the availability assessment of the mentioned elements to the crops cultivated in this region.
Band reactor for toxic and recalcitrant water contaminants
Authors: Czech Bożena , Ćwikła-Bundyra Wieslawa 
Published: May 2008

Band reactor for toxic and recalcitrant water contaminants
This paper deals with the problem of the photocatalytic reactor construction. The supported TiO2 on γ- Al2O3 modified with Mo or V addition was used as the photocatalyst, whereas phenol and formaldehyde were chosen as the model pollutants. The counter - current contact of reagents and catalysts is the main advantage of the construction and enables a significant COD reduction of the highly concentrated wastewaters.
The influence of thermal processing of sewage sludge on the usage properties of the formed ash
Authors: Gorazda Katarzyna , Wzorek Zbigniew , Jodko Marek 
Published: May 2008

The influence of thermal processing of sewage sludge on the usage properties of the formed ash
The influence of sewage sludge incineration temperature on the formed ash constitution was examined. The comparative extraction tests of two differently prepared ashes (laboratory and industrial) were carried out in order to verify if the parameters of sewage sludge incineration influence the extraction selectivity of phosphorus compounds. The laboratory ash (Alab
) were prepared from sewage sludge incinerated at 950°C on a laboratory scale while the industrial ash (Aind
) comes from thermal utilization system of the sewage sludge at the Gdynia Sewage Treatment Plant, which uses fluid-bed furnace incineration at 850 - 900°C. It was found that the temperature and the conditions of the sewage sludge incineration process have an effect on the usage properties of the formed ash. Despite the twofold lower Fe content in the industrial ash than that of the laboratory one, its content in extracts after phosphoric acid leaching is 4.7 times higher. The lower values of PO4
3- leaching degree from the industrial ash than the laboratory ash were observed, as well as a decrease of extraction productivity.
The oily wastewater treatment using the nanofiltration process
Authors: Orecki Aleksander , Tomaszewska Maria 
Published: May 2008

The oily wastewater treatment using the nanofiltration process
The objective of this work was to investigate the possibility of oily wastewater treatment using the nanofiltration (NF) process. The NF studies were carried out with a permeate obtained from ultrafiltration (UF) (used for the treatment of the oily wastewater from metal industry). The influence of transmembrane pressure on a permeate flux, the degree of the rejection of oil and inorganic compounds was investigated. The studies on the NF treatment of oily wastewater demonstrated a high effectiveness of the rejection of oil and inorganic compounds. The permeate obtained from the treatment was free of oil. Moreover, the retention coefficient of the inorganic compounds was higher than 75% for all the cations examined (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) and higher than 95% for sulphates. Therefore, the permeate obtained in the NF process can be reused for fresh emulsion preparation.
Application of combustible wastes for the alternative fuels production
Authors: Kułażyński Marek , Surma Andrzej , Walendziewski Jerzy 
Published: May 2008

Application of combustible wastes for the alternative fuels production
The information on the quantity of various types of combustible wastes registered in the Lower Silesia Marshal Office over the 2003 - 2005 years (waste codes - 02, 03, 04, 07, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19 and 20) was collected and then the quantities of individual wastes from different sources were summarized depending on the waste sort i.e. waste paper (cellulose), plastics, timber, textiles and rubber. The physiochemical properties and the chemical composition of the impurities in the selected waste sorts were determined and discussed while taking into account their usefulness and the necessary treatment operations for the alternative fuels production.
The effect of bottom sediment on biomass production by Italian ryegrass and maize
Authors: Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara 
Published: May 2008

The effect of bottom sediment on biomass production by Italian ryegrass and maize
A two-year pot experiment (2005 and 2006) was conducted to estimate an effect of dredged bottom sediment from Rożnów Reservoir addition to the light, very acid soil on the plant biomass production. The sediment was applied in the amount from 1 to 20% of the substratum mass. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were cultivated as the successive test plants. The lowest amount of plant biomass was obtained on the soil (control) and each sediment addition to the substratum caused an increase of the biomass production, both tops as well as the roots of the plant. Larger sediment additions (7% and more) caused a significant increase of the yield, of both the individual plant species and the total biomass during the two years of the experiment. The bottom sediment added to the light, very acid soil distinctly improved the plant yielding and the way of biomass utilisation should be assessed on the basis of its chemical composition analysis.
Utilization of the post-filtration lye from the SCS method of soda production
Authors: TrypuĆ Mieczysław , Drużyński Sebastian , Kiełkowska Urszula , Mazurek Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

Utilization of the post-filtration lye from the SCS method of soda production
The mutual solubility of salts in the NaVO3-NaNO3-H2O system was investigated at 293 - 323 K temperature range by the method of isothermal saturation of solutions. A fragment of the solubility polytherm for that system was plotted, based on the obtained data. The investigated system is a part of the quaternary NH4NO3-NaVO3-NH4VO3-NaNO3 system, and it is necessary for plotting the solubility isotherm as a planar projection according to Janecke, since it defines one edge of its square. Knowledge of the isotherm for that quaternary system is necessary to determine the optimal utilization conditions for the post-filtration lye, formed during the soda production from NaNO3 by the Solvay method, using NaVO3.
Application of the design of experiments in the epoxidation process of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz , Ćwirko Jan 
Published: May 2008

Application of the design of experiments in the epoxidation process of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene
An influence of the molar ratio of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene to tert-butyl hydroperoxide, the concentration of the catalyst and the reaction time on the performance of the epoxidation process of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclodecatriene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide at the presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO)6 was examined. Examinations were performed using statistical methods of the design of experiments. A mathematical model describing the influence of the parameters on conversion cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene was obtained. An analysis of the data and rests was performed and an optimal value of conversion of cis, trans, trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene was established.
Characterization of TiO2 surface following the modification with silane coupling agents
Authors: Jesionowski Teofil , Siwińska-Stefańska Katarzyna , Krysztafkiewicz Andrzej , Sójka-Ledakowicz Jadwiga , Koprowska Joanna , Pęczkowska Beata 
Published: May 2008

Characterization of TiO2 surface following the modification with silane coupling agents
Studies were conducted on the modification of titanium white surface using selected silane coupling agents. The effect of the concentration of the organic coupling agents was examined (0.5; 1 or 3 weight parts per 100 weight parts of TYTANPOL R-003, TYTANPOL R-211 or TYTANPOL R-213 preparation of titanium white). The dispersive properties were determined by an estimation of the particle size distribution curves and of the polydispersity index. Moreover, microscopic observations were conducted permitting to evaluate the surface morphology of the modified TiO2 particles. The profiles of sedimentation in water were also determined for the titanium whites and the BET specific surface areas were determined. Selected samples of the modified and unmodified titanium whites were subjected to elemental analysis.
Surface characterization of different particles arising as a result of coal combustion process in selected power plants from Central Poland using ToF-SIMS
Authors: Grams Jacek , Bawolak Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Surface characterization of different particles arising as a result of coal combustion process in selected power plants from Central Poland using ToF-SIMS
The aim of this work was the ToF-SIMS investigations of different particles arising as a result of a coal combustion process in selected power plants from Central Poland. The chemical composition and distribution of particular compounds on the studied surfaces were determined. Moreover, the ratio of the quantity of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on the surface of the particles was estimated. A qualitative analysis of the studied samples demonstrated the presence of a big number of various compounds, including heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and As on the investigated surfaces. In the prevailing number sample components were distributed non-homogenously on the surface and the larger areas richer in a certain type of ions were observed.
Application of the TOF-SIMS and SEM-EDS methods to assess the influence of dusting from a phosphate waste deposal place based on hair analysis
Authors: Szynkowska Małgorzata , Leśniewska Ewa , Pawlaczyk Aleksandra , Rogowski Jacek , Paryjczak Tadeusz 
Published: May 2008

Application of the TOF-SIMS and SEM-EDS methods to assess the influence of dusting from a phosphate waste deposal place based on hair analysis
In this work, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were used to study the particles present on the hair surface of the inhabitants of Wislinka (people environmentally exposed due to the closeness of a dump) in order to obtain the information about the possible influence of dusting from a phosphate waste deposal place. Additionally, the morphology and the composition of fresh phosphogypsum were analyzed. Waste phosphogypsum is formed in the process of a wet phosphoric acid production and there is still a problem with its storage. A thorough understanding of the composition and chemistry of phosphogypsum seems to be necessary to evaluate its environmental impact comprehensively. The results obtained from these two techniques turned out to be complementary and revealed the information expected.
The influence of the composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge on the available forms of phosphorus in the soil as well as the yield of the seeds of spring rape
Authors: Krzywy Edward , Krzywy-Gawrońska Ewa , Krzywy Józefa , Gutowska Izabela 
Published: May 2008

The influence of the composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge on the available forms of phosphorus in the soil as well as the yield of the seeds of spring rape
The field and laboratory experiment was carried on the brown incomplete soil of the complex of rye good. The obtained results in the yield experiment show that the composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge increased essentially the yield of the seeds of spring rape in comparison with the control variant. Doubling of the doses of mineral nitric - potassium fertilization against the background of the composts did not have a significant influence on increasing the yield of the seeds of spring rape in comparison with the single doses. The composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge in the field and laboratory experiment caused a significant increase of the content of the available forms of phosphorus in the soil. As time went by the distribution of the composts in the soil, the content of the available forms of phosphorus increased.
The effect of composts from potato pulp and municipal sewage sludge for changes of microelements in the soil during incubation
Authors: Krzywy-Gawrońska Ewa , Rozmarynowska Monika 
Published: May 2008

The effect of composts from potato pulp and municipal sewage sludge for changes of microelements in the soil during incubation
The total and soluble content of microelements in the soil was described in the laboratory experiment. The soil was incubated with three doses of composts with a participation of municipal sewage sludge and potato pulp. The obtained results of the experiment pointed that all the composts increased an average total content and the forms soluble in 1 M HCl of microelements in the soil in comparison with the control. In the majority of the variants, the composts made with the 70% participation of municipal sewage sludge and 30% addition of straw or sawdust caused an increase of the content of the analyzed elements in the soil than the composts with the 70% participation of potato pulp and 30% addition of straw or sawdust. The differences are connected with a higher content of microelements, which were put in the soil, with the composts with the 70% participation of municipal sewage sludge and 30% addition of straw or sawdust. There are no differences in the formation of the content of microelements in the soil, which were depended on the type of the structural - formative component during the production of composts. The quantity of the composts' dose had an influence on the formation of the participation of the soluble form of microelements in the total content in the soil. The participation of the soluble form of cadmium, cooper, manganese and nickel in the total content in the soil increased along with increasing the dose of composts. The content of the total forms in the soil incubated with the composts included in the standard for the light soils.
The influence of mercury content on the structural changes of bioindicator surfaces
Authors: Szynkowska Małgorzata , Pawlaczyk Aleksandra 
Published: May 2008

The influence of mercury content on the structural changes of bioindicator surfaces
This work examines the recommended chemical analytical method for the identification and detecting mercury from the environmental media. The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between mercury content in different biological indicators like: human hair, mushrooms, lichen, moss and needle samples, and the changes in the structure of the investigated material. We have explored the possibilities of using the SEM method in environmental studies to investigate a variety of biological samples coming from areas at different pollution state. We have combined the information from the quantity measurements with the qualitative analysis. The total content of Hg was determined using the Automatic Mercury Analyzer SP-3D. The accuracy of the applied method was verified by an analysis of proper certificate materials: Mixed Polish Herbs INCT-MPH-2, Lichen CRM 482, Pine needles 1575a and Human Hair NCS ZC 81002. The obtained results proved a direct influence of the content of mercury and environmental pollution on the damage of the structure of the studied samples.