bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The child care activities scale and parental role preference scale
Authors: Cronenwett Linda R. , Sampselle Carolyn M. , Wilson William R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Child Care Activities Scale (CCAS) and Parental Role Preference Scale (PRPS) were developed to measure parental involvement in four domains of child care: direct care, indirect care, amount of sole responsibility, and play. The CCAS measures level of involvement of each parent in 21 child care activities. The 12‐item PRPS is intended to discriminate among how much parents ideally would like to participate in child care, how much they perceive their spouse would like them to participate, and how much they actually do participate in child care. The psychometric properties of both scales are presented using data from two studies. Recommendations for the future use of the scales are given.
Beliefs about aging and illness in a community sample
Authors: Keller Mary L. , Leventhal Howard , Prohaska Thomas R. , Leventhal Elaine A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFindings from recent studies have demonstrated age group differences in coping with illness. One explanation for these age group differences has received little attention: perceptions of illness may differ with age and these differences in perception may account for the observed differences in coping. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of age on illness perceptions along dimensions that influence coping. Specifically, we explored perceptions about aging as a cause of illness and perceptions about the effect of age on seriousness, curability and controllability of illness. Four hundred fifty‐one community‐dwelling adults (age range 20 to 90 years) participated in the study. The pattern of results showed respondents of all ages expressing the belief that aging is associated with increased susceptibility to disease and lowered potential for control or cure. Implications of these beliefs for health monitoring and coping with illness are discussed.
Temperament, Behavior Problems, and Learning Skills in Very Low Birth Weight Preschoolers
Authors: Schraeder Barbara D. , Heverly Mary Ann , Rappaport Judith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between temperament, behavior problems, and learning skill abilities in preschool children who were born with very low birth weight (VLBW) is described. Subjects were 37 4‐year‐olds who weighed less than 1,500 grams at birth, were appropriate for gestational age, and free from congenital anomalies (M birth weight=1,201 grams). Data were gathered when the children were 48 months chronological age and analyzed using point biserial and Pearson product moment correlation, chi square, and MANOVA. Temperament characteristics of rhythmicity, intensity, and persistence were related to behavior problems and learning skill abilities. Mothers reported more children with behavior problems than expected in the general population. Children with four or more behavior problems had significantly lower skill achievement scores than children with fewer behavior problems.
Perceived health status, self‐esteem and body image in women with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cornwell Carol J. , Schmitt Madeline H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA cross‐sectional, descriptive, comparative design was used with a sample of 26 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 23 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 28 healthy (HLT) women to examine: (a) the relationship of illness to perceived health status, self‐esteem and body image, (b) the relationships between perceived health status and both self‐esteem and body image, (c) the relationship between these three variables and age and time since diagnosis, and (d) the problems, needs and fears of women with RA and SLE. Perceived health status differences were found between the ill and healthy subjects, but self‐esteem differences were nonsignificant; mean scores on body image of RA and HLT groups approximated each other, while SLE subjects had lower scores. Perceived health status was directly related to self‐esteem, but not to body image. Age and time since diagnosis were weakly positively related to perceived health status. Both similarities and differences were identified in the problems, needs and fears of RA and SLE subjects.
The holistic paradigm in nursing: The diffusion of an innovation
Authors: Johnson Mary B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNursing today is affected by challenges to the beliefs and values underlying the delivery of health care services. Results of a bibliometric analysis of the nursing literature since 1966 revealed a process of paradigm change in which a scientific medical model is being replaced by a model based on the concept of holism. Key ideas representing a holistic paradigm of health appear with increasing frequency in the journals of the nursing field demonstrating the diffusion of a new and different perspective in the practice of nursing.
Accelerated failure time models with covariates subject to measurement error
Authors: He Wenqing , Yi Grace Y. , Xiong Juan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIt has been well known that ignoring measurement error may result in substantially biased estimates in many contexts including linear and nonlinear regressions. For survival data with measurement error in covariates there has been extensive discussion in the literature with the focus being on the Cox proportional hazards models. However, the impact of measurement error on accelerated failure time (AFT) models has received little attention, though AFT models are very useful in survival data analysis. In this paper, we discuss AFT models with error‐prone covariates and study the bias induced by the naive approach of ignoring measurement error in covariates. To adjust for such a bias, we describe a simulation and extrapolation method. This method is appealing because it is simple to implement and it does not require modelling the true but error‐prone covariate process that is
often not observable. Asymptotic normality for the resulting estimators is established. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method as well as the impact of ignoring measurement error in covariates. The proposed method is applied to analyse a data set arising from the Busselton Health study (Australian J. Public Health 1994; 18:129–135). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotic efficacy: Relationship to optimal D2-receptor occupancy
Authors: Pani Luca , Pira Luigi , Marchese Giorgio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractClinically important differences exist between antipsychotic agents and formulations in terms of safety and tolerability. Features of the biochemical interaction between the antipsychotic and the D2-receptor may underlie these differences. This article reviews current information on the relationship between antipsychotic receptor occupancy and clinical response. A literature search was performed using the keywords ‘antipsychotic or neuroleptic’, ‘receptor’ and ‘occupancy’ and ‘dopamine’ and ‘D2’ supplemented by the authors’ knowledge of the literature. Imaging and clinical data have generally supported the hypotheses that optimal D2-receptor occupancy in the striatum lies in a ‘therapeutic window’ between ∼65 and ∼80%, however, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug should also be taken into account to fully evaluate its therapeutic effects. Additional research, perhaps in preclinical models, is needed to establish D2-receptor occupancy in various regions of the brain and the optimal duration of D2-receptor blockade in order to maximise efficacy and tolerability profiles of atypical antipsychotics and thereby improve treatment outcomes for patients with schizophrenia.
Integrated leadership development
Authors: Weiss David , Molinaro Vince 
Published: April 2007

PurposeLeaders' capacity has become mission‐critical in many organizations today. However, this business challenge is a struggle for many. Part of the reason is that current approaches to building leadership capacity are failing to hit the mark, and many senior leaders have little confidence in their organization's leadership development programs. This article aims to examine how organizations can close the leadership gap in their organizations by implementing an integrated approach to leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThe evolution of leadership development is discussed and a framework is presented to examine traditional approaches and consider their limitations.FindingsThe integrated‐solution approach to leadership development represents a more strategic, synergistic and sustainable way for organizations to build the leadership capacity they require to gain competitive advantage. The integrated solution is intense. It requires serious commitment on the part of organizations, their senior leaders and from HR. The process also is more complex. In the long‐term though, the integrated‐solution approach delivers greater value to organizations and ensures that their investment in leadership development is optimized.Originality/valueThe article presents practical and proven strategies to overcome the leadership gap in organizations today
A value chain perspective of internet practices, e‐readiness and organizational performance
Authors: Koh Chang E. , “Ted” Nam Kyungdoo , Prybutok Victor R. , Lee Seogjun 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe internet has become a ubiquitous technology for business and it possesses the potential to make the concept of value chain into a more attainable reality. The purpose of this paper is to conjecture that the way the internet is utilized and the extent to which the internet impacts business performance vary from country to country. The paper aims to compare two countries regarding the pattern of internet utilization, the impact of the internet on organizational performance, and the readiness for the internet from the value chain perspective.Design/methodology/approachA survey study was conducted with CIOs and IS directors in the USA and South Korea. A research instrument was developed by adopting and revising two existing instruments on IT value chain and on business internet practices.FindingsThe findings suggest that the two countries are more similar in the way they utilize the internet than anticipated despite discernable differences observed in some areas of internet utilization. The study also provides an empirical evidence for the connection between the organization's readiness for the internet and the impact of the internet on organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsVarying sampling and data collection processes between the two countries may have introduced unintended bias to the study.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide empirical evidence that the internet has become a truly global business tool that makes the concept of value chain an achievable reality.Originality/valueThis comparative study makes a unique contribution for both academicians and practitioners to gain a better understanding how the internet is adopted and utilized in different countries and to chart a course to capitalize on the technology from a value chain perspective.
How firm characteristics affect capital structure: an empirical study
Authors: Eriotis Nikolaos , Vasiliou Dimitrios , Ventoura‐Neokosmidi Zoe 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe aim of this study is to isolate the firm characteristics that affect capital structure.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation has been performed using panel data procedure for a sample of 129 Greek companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange during 1997‐2001. The number of the companies in the sample corresponds to the 63 per cent of the listed firms in 1996. The firm characteristics are analyzed as determinants of capital structure according to different explanatory theories. The hypothesis that is tested in this paper is that the debt ratio at time t depends on the size of the firm at time t, the growth of the firm at time t, its quick ratio at time t and its interest coverage ratio at time t. The firms that maintain a debt ratio above 50 per cent using a dummy variable are also distinguished.FindingsThe findings of this study justify the hypothesis that there is a negative relation between the debt ratio of the firms and their growth, their quick ratio and their interest coverage ratio. Size appears to maintain a positive relation and according to the dummy variable there is a differentiation in the capital structure among the firms with a debt ratio greater than 50 per cent and those with a debt ratio lower than 50 per cent. These results are consistent with the theoretical background presented in the second section of the paper.Originality/valueThis paper goes someway to proving that financial theory does provide some help in understanding how the chosen financing mix affects the firm's value.
Adaptive manifold‐mapping using multiquadric interpolation applied to linear actuator design
Authors: Lahaye D. , Canova A. , Gruosso G. , Repetto M. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis work aims to present a multilevel optimization strategy based on manifold‐mapping combined with multiquadric interpolation for the coarse model construction.Design/methodology/approachIn the proposed approach the coarse model is obtained by interpolating the fine model using multiquadrics in a small number of points. As the algorithm iterates the response surface model is improved by enriching the set of interpolation points.FindingsThis approach allows to accurately solve the TEAM Workshop Problem 25 using as little as 33 finite element simulations. Furthermore, it allows a robust sizing optimization of a cylindrical voice‐coil actuator with seven design variables.Research limitations/implicationsFurther analysis is required to gain a better understanding of the role that the initial coarse model accuracy plays in the convergence of the algorithm. The proposed model allows to carry out such analysis by varying the number of points included in the initial response surface model. The effect of the trust‐region stabilization in the presence of manifolds of equivalent solutions is also a topic of further investigations.Originality/valueUnlike the closely related space‐mapping algorithm, the manifold‐mapping algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a fine model optimal solution. By combining it with multiquadric response surface models, its applicability is extended to problems for which other kinds of coarse model such as lumped parameter approximations for instance are tedious or impossible to construct.
Iterative identification of hysteresis in Maxwell's equations
Authors: Kaltenbacher B. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeIn a model resulting from Maxwell's equations with a constitutive law using Preisach operators for incorporating magnetization hysteresis, this paper aims at identifying the hysteresis operator, i.e. the Preisach weight function, from indirect measurements.Design/methodology/approachDealing with a nonlinear inverse problem, one has to apply iterative methods for its numerical solution. For this purpose several approaches are proposed based on fixed point or Newton type ideas. In the latter case, one has to take into account nondifferentiability of the hysteresis operator. This is done by using differentiable substitutes or quasi‐Newton methods.FindingsNumerical tests with synthetic data show that fixed point methods based on fitting after a full forward sweep (alternating iteration) and Newton type iterations using the hysteresis centerline or commutation curve exhibit a satisfactory convergence behavior, while fixed point iterations based on subdividing the time interval (Kaczmarz) suffer from instability problems and quasi Newton iterations (Broyden) are too slow in some cases.Research limitations/implicationsApplication of the proposed methods to measured data will be the subject of future research work.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodologies allow to determine material parameters in hysteresis models from indirect measurements.Originality/valueTaking into account the full PDE model, one can expect to get accurate and reliable results in this model identification problem. Especially the use of Newton type methods – taking into account nondifferentiability – is new in this context.
Two new variants of the manifold‐mapping technique
Authors: Echeverría D. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeManifold‐mapping (MM) is an efficient surrogate‐based optimization technique aimed at the acceleration of very time‐consuming design problems. In this paper we present two new variants of the original algorithm that make it applicable to a broader range of optimization scenarios.Design/methodology/approachThe first variant is useful when the optimization constraints are expressed by means of functions that are very expensive to compute. The second variant endows the original scheme with a trust‐region strategy and the result is a much more robust algorithm.FindingsTwo practical optimization problems from electromagnetics eventually show that the proposed variants perform efficiently.Originality/valueThe original MM algorithm is extended with two new variants. Therefore, the MM approach is applicable to a much larger set of design situations.
Solution of the three‐dimensional transport equation using the spectral methods
Authors: Kadem Abdelouahab 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe paper presents a method for solving the 3D steady state, linear transport equation in bounded domain.Design/methodology/approachThe method can be extended easily to general linear transport problem.FindingsThe idea of using the spectral method for searching solutions to the multi‐dimensional transport problems, leads us to a solution for all values of the independent variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe procedure is based on the development of the angular flux in a truncated series of Chebyshev polynomials in the spatial variables.Practical implicationsThe methodology used will permit us to transform the 3D problem into a set of 1D problems. The convergence of this approach is studied in the context of the discrete‐ordinates method.Originality/valueAn adaptation of this method for the convergence of the spectral solution within the framework of the analytical solution to study and prove convergence is relatively new.
An introduction to the open source software issue
Authors: Muir Scott P. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo introduce the Library Hi Tech theme issue on open source software.Design/methodology/approachAt the Hackfest before Access 2004 (a Canadian library technology conference) several people started to code open source software (OSS) solutions.FindingsSome groups estimated they were close to 25 percent done – in just a few days, while attending Access Conference sessions all day.Originality/valueDevelopments in the OSS library community should encourage you to experiment with these applications, or maybe even develop your own.
Policy responses, institutional networks management and post‐Hurricane Ivan reconstruction in Jamaica
Authors: Osei Philip D. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to investigate how the Government and people of Jamaica responded to the onslaught of Hurricane Ivan in September 2004, against the background of the established institutional response framework, including the Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management Act (1993) and Disaster Prevention and Emergency Management Plan of 1983 and established norms of practice.Design/methodology/approachQualitative methods for primary research were adopted in the study including élite interviews, attendance at press briefings, and reviews of policy documents and media reports. It also adopted a critical application of policy outcomes frameworks in a bid to interpret and evaluate the policy interventions during the event of Ivan.FindingsThe research revealed the following: that established configurations of working relations were upset by the establishment of an ad hoc reconstruction agency called Office of National Reconstruction (ONR); that the decentralised institutional level of response, the Parish Disaster Committees, were expected to possess the relevant capacity for assessment and response, even though these committees had not been capacitated to make an appropriate response; that by placing the ONR outside the legally established response agency, the government had weakened the prospects for institutional learning and preservation of institutional memory, as well as generated undue conflict which impinged on coordination, at a time when unity of purpose was most required.Originality/valuePosits that, if there was a real and continuous need for an ONR, then its location would be better within the Office of Disaster Planning and Emergency Management. It also suggests that the Parish Disaster Committees are critical to disaster prevention and management as they are located at the interface between government and community, and should be appropriately empowered to play their role.
Building your people for the profit of your business
Authors: Owen Claire 
Published: April 2007

PurposeHighlights the importance of strong company values in helping to achieve organizational success.FindingsOutlines how to identify who is right for the organization and suggests that job advertisements detailing the demands of the role, rather than simply listing required skills, place the onus on the applicant to prove that he or she can provide what the job requires. Stresses the importance of cultural identity.Practical implicationsProvides useful guidelines for anyone involved in the recruiting process and shows how to keep employees happy and motivated.
A 1.2 V single supply operational amplifier design using 0.13 μm technology
Authors: Ramakrishnan Radhalakshmi , Chaudhry Maqsood A. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present a design of a single power supply, low voltage (1.2) high performance operational amplifier using 0.13 μm technology whose characteristics are superior compared to the other designs available in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThe authors set out to design an operational amplifier whose characteristics will be superior to the current available designs in the literature. Because of potential applications, a single 1.2 V supply was used. The layout was obtained using Microwind 0.13 μm technology. The design was tested using PSPICE Version 10.0. Various amplifier parameters were obtained and are compared with the other single supply, low voltage amplifiers available in the literature.FindingsThe presented amplifier has better characteristics such as open loop gain, power supply rejection ratio, common mode rejection ratio, etc.Practical implicationsSince, 0.13 μm, 1.2 V technology has become standard in digital VLSI design, there is a great need for high performance operational amplifiers that operate off of 1.2 V for mixed signal applications in such areas as mobile phones.Originality/valueThe presented amplifier has better characteristics compared to few 1.2 V supply voltage amplifiers available in the literature.
Three alternative Middle East peace scenarios
Authors: Glenn Jerome C. , Gordon Theodore J. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe article seeks to address the lack of serious, normative scenarios exploring peace in the Middle East.Design/methodology/approachThree normative, backcasted scenarios were written. These were derived from literature searches, interviews with experts in the field, and input from a three‐round Delphi. Actions were identified and rated by the Delphi panel in Rounds 1 and 2. Draft text with areas for comment throughout the scenarios was collected in Round 3 and used to improve the draft scenarios.FindingsThe scenarios address seven preconditions for peace in the Middle East: secure borders for Israel; establishment of a viable and independent Palestinian state; resolution of the Jerusalem question; ending violence by both sides and building confidence; social and economic development; education; and resolution of Palestinian refugee status.Originality/valueThe scenarios are intended for use in a variety of settings to help further the Middle East peace process.