bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Insight into Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications in Obesity‐Associated Diseases: A Mini Review
Authors: Başarır Sivri Feyza Nur , Çiftçi Seda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), such as FABP4 (aP2, A‐FABP), are essential for cellular lipid regulation, membrane–protein interactions, and the modulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. FABP4, primarily expressed in adipocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, is integrated into signaling networks that influence immune responses and insulin activity. It has been linked to obesity, inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Inhibition of FABP4 is emerging as a promising strategy for treating obesity‐related conditions, particularly insulin resistance and diabetes. Elevated FABP4 levels in individuals with a BMI above 30 underscore its association with obesity. Furthermore, FABP4 levels are higher not only in the tissues but also in the blood, promoting the onset and development of various cancers. Understanding its broader role reveals involvement in the mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome, contributing to various metabolic and inflammatory responses. While blocking FABP4 offers an alternative therapeutic approach, a comprehensive understanding of potential side effects is crucial before clinical use. This review aims to provide concise insights into FABP4, elucidating its mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications in obesity and associated disorders, contributing to innovative interventions against metabolic syndrome and obesity.
Numerical modelling of diaphragm wall construction
Authors: Kmeid Maria , Casaux‐Ginestet Géraldine , Escadeillas Gilles , Armengaud Julie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiaphragm walls are rectangular shaped cast in place deep foundations. There are two critical phenomena occurring, according to which the final quality can be affected: bentonite suspension exfiltration and concrete placement. Some imperfections seem to appear recurrently on the surface of the final wall. The defects are known as shadowing pathologies. The main reasons can be attributed to the dual effect of exfiltration mechanisms and kinematics of concrete flow. The objective of this study is developing a numerical tool to prevent the appearance of shadowing pathologies by visualizing the concrete flow in the presence of a bentonite suspension. This paper presents the results obtained from 2D and 3D models of diaphragm wall construction using COMSOL Multiphysics. The CFD model helped in solving a multifluid and particularly a two‐phase flow. The 2D modeling has considered a fresh slurry and an exfiltrated (or polluted) suspension neighboring soil and followed concrete flow with two rheological behaviors in two reinforcement configurations. Then, 3D simulations were compared to actual experimentation results, which were undertaken to construct diaphragm walls in the laboratory. By comparing the results of the simulations to the experimental outcomes, it has been possible to validate the model. The resulting simulations could clearly explain the occurrence of the pathology where the flow pattern and volume fraction of the fluid flow were determined. From the results obtained, it can be conducted that a compliant concrete mix but at the lower limit for the consistency recommendations, leads to pathologies, just like a polluted slurry.
Vortioxetine‐induced syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone: A case report
Authors: Sasaki Taro , Shindo Yunosuke , Kikuchi Kota , Kawamata Yasushi , Sugawara Norio , Yasui‐Furukori Norio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundVortioxetine, known for its efficacy in treating depression through its effects on various neurotransmitters, has not been previously reported to induce syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).Case PresentationThis case report describes a 74‐year‐old man with major depressive disorder who developed SIADH 1 week after starting treatment with vortioxetine. SIADH is characterized by symptoms such as headache, nausea, disorientation, and seizures, stemming from hyponatremia (123 mEq/L), without dehydration or edema. Vortioxetine was discontinued, and an alternative drug, mianserin, was initiated. The patient was restricted from drinking water due to hyponatremia. The serum Na concentration improved over time to within the normal range by the second week after admission.ConclusionThis is the first case report of vortioxetine‐induced SIADH.
Deep reinforcement learning for PMSG wind turbine control via twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3)
Authors: Zholtayev Darkhan , Rubagotti Matteo , Do Ton Duc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article proposes the use of a deep reinforcement learning method—and precisely a variant of the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) method known as twin delayed DDPG, or TD3—for maximum power point tracking in wind energy conversion systems that use permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). An overview of the TD3 algorithm is provided, together with a detailed description of its implementation and training for the considered application. Simulation results are provided, also including a comparison with a model‐based control method based on feedback linearization and linear‐quadratic regulation. The proposed TD3‐based controller achieves a satisfactory control performance and is more robust to PMSG parameter variations as compared to the presented model‐based method. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this article presents for the first time an approach for generating both speed and current control loops using DRL for wind energy conversion systems.
Transformation of waste carbon fiber prepreg into sustainable composites: Application in the automotive industry components
Authors: Irez Alaeddin Burak , Yakar Hasan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF) prepregs are employed in the manufacture of many different aeronautical structural and non‐structural components. Following the cure of the prepregs in molds, trimming is generally used to give the final shape to the components. Considering the aircraft's vast surface area and the use of multiple prepreg layers in each component, an extensive amount of carbon fiber prepreg is discarded. The unique characteristics of carbon fibers render this CF waste highly valuable and requires its efficient recycling. Cured waste CF prepregs were milled and processed in this research to produce chopped carbon fibers for use in the novel composite development. The matrix material used in the composites was selected as recycled polypropylene sourced from old surgical masks, which highlighted the sustainability of the developed composites. To enhance the quality of the fiber‐matrix interface and improve the impact resistance of the composites an anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (Fusabond) was employed in small quantities. From mechanical characterizations, synergistic effects of the fillers were observed. Besides, compositions containing CF and Fusabond are found more impact resistant than neat matrix. In addition, the use of carbon fibers increased fracture toughness of the matrix through various mechanisms including fiber bridging, fiber pullout, and matrix plastic deformation identified by scanning electron microscopy fractography. Thermomechanical characterizations using dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that carbon fiber raises the neat matrix's glass transition temperature. The developed materials are intended to be employed in the automotive industry to produce inner fender liners, with an optimal composition determined by an optimization research.Highlights
Carbon fiber (CF) derived from aerospace fresh scraps significantly improved the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix.
Anhydride‐grafted polyethylene incorporation remarkably enhanced the impact resistance of the polymer.
CF demonstrated a bridge effect and improved the fracture toughness of the composites.
The use of recycled CF presents encouraging prospects in the automotive industry for the production of inner fender liners.
Myxococcus xanthus translesion DNA synthesis protein ImuA is an ATPase enhanced by DNA
Authors: Lichimo Kristi , Sowa Dana J. , Tetenych Andriana , Warner Monica M. , Doubleday Caitlin , Dev Harman S. , Luck Catie , Andres Sara N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTranslesion DNA synthesis pathways are necessary to ensure bacterial replication in the presence of DNA damage. Translesion DNA synthesis carried out by the PolV mutasome is well‐studied in Escherichia coli, but ~one third of bacteria use a functionally homologous protein complex, consisting of ImuA, ImuB, and ImuC (also called DnaE2). Numerous in vivo studies have shown that all three proteins are required for translesion DNA synthesis and that ImuC is the error‐prone polymerase, but the roles of ImuA and ImuB are unclear. Here we carry out biochemical characterization of ImuA and a truncation of ImuB from Myxococcus xanthus. We find that ImuA is an ATPase, with ATPase activity enhanced in the presence of DNA. The ATPase activity is likely regulated by the C‐terminus, as loss of the ImuA C‐terminus results in DNA‐independent ATP hydrolysis. We also find that ImuA binds a variety of DNA substrates, with DNA binding affinity affected by the addition of ADP or adenylyl‐imidodiphosphate. An ImuB truncation also binds DNA, with lower affinity than ImuA. In the absence of DNA, ImuA directly binds ImuB with moderate affinity. Finally, we show that ImuA and ImuB self‐interact, but that ImuA is predominantly a monomer, while truncated ImuB is a trimer in vitro. Together, with our findings and the current literature in the field, we suggest a model for translesion DNA synthesis, where a trimeric ImuB would provide sufficient binding sites for DNA, the β‐clamp, ImuC, and ImuA, and where ImuA ATPase activity may regulate assembly and disassembly of the translesion DNA synthesis complex.
Disruption of Ca2+/calmodulin:KSR1 interaction lowers ERK activation
Authors: Thines Louise , Jang Hyunbum , Li Zhigang , Sayedyahossein Samar , Maloney Ryan , Nussinov Ruth , Sacks David B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKSR1, a key scaffold protein for the MAPK pathway, facilitates ERK activation upon growth factor stimulation. We recently demonstrated that KSR1 binds the Ca2+‐binding protein calmodulin (CaM), thereby providing an intersection between KSR1‐mediated and Ca2+ signaling. In this study, we set out to generate a KSR1 point mutant with reduced Ca2+/CaM binding in order to unravel the functional implications of their interaction. To do so, we solved the structural determinants of complex formation. Using purified fragments of KSR1, we showed that Ca2+/CaM binds to the CA3 domain of KSR1. We then used in silico molecular modeling to predict contact residues for binding. This approach identified two possible modes of interaction: (1) binding of extended Ca2+/CaM to a globular conformation of KSR1‐CA3 via electrostatic interactions or (2) binding of collapsed Ca2+/CaM to α‐helical KSR1‐CA3 via hydrophobic interactions. Experimentally, site‐directed mutagenesis of the predicted contact residues for the two binding models favored that where collapsed Ca2+/CaM binds to the α‐helical conformation of KSR1‐CA3. Importantly, replacing KSR1‐Phe355 with Asp reduces Ca2+/CaM binding by 76%. The KSR1‐F355D mutation also significantly impairs the ability of EGF to activate ERK, which reveals that Ca2+/CaM binding promotes KSR1‐mediated MAPK signaling. This work, by uncovering structural insight into the binding of KSR1 to Ca2+/CaM, identifies a KSR1 single‐point mutant as a bioreagent to selectively study the crosstalk between Ca2+ and KSR1‐mediated signaling.
Dynamic borrowing of historical controls adjusting for covariates in vaccine efficacy clinical trials
Authors: Callegaro Andrea , Luo Yongyi , Karkada Naveen , Zahaf Toufik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional vaccine efficacy trials usually use fixed designs and often require large sample sizes. Recruiting a large number of subjects can make the trial expensive, long, and difficult to conduct. A possible approach to reduce the sample size and speed up the development is to use historical controls. In this paper, we extend the robust mixture prior (RMP) approach (a well established approach for Bayesian dynamic borrowing of historical controls) to adjust for covariates. The adjustment is done using classical methods from causal inference: inverse probability of treatment weighting, G‐computation and double‐robust estimation. We evaluate these covariate‐adjusted RMP approaches using a comprehensive simulation study and demonstrate their use by performing a retrospective analysis of a prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy trial. Adjusting for covariates reduces the drift between current and historical controls, with a beneficial effect on bias, control of type I error and power.
Efficient estimation of the reliability functions in a multicomponent stress‐strength set‐up for a generalized family of distributions under progressive type II censoring
Authors: Kumari Taruna , Pathak Anupam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we have introduced the concept of a new multicomponent reliability function Estimation procedures are developed for under progressive type II censoring scheme, which is subsequently used to develop the estimation procedures for the multicomponent stress‐strength reliability function . Herein, we consider a system having k statistically independent and identically distributed strength components, , say, which are exposed to a common random stress Y. Both strength and stress variables are independent and follow different scaled proportional hazard rate family of distributions with common scale parameter. The reliability functions and are estimated by using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods of estimation. The performances of these estimators are studied on the basis of their mean squared errors through Monte Carlo simulation technique. Finally, the utility of the proposed estimators is examined and explained through two different real data sets.
Leveraging understandings of biogeomorphic river recovery to reframe river management philosophy and communication strategies
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA philosophical and communication shift is needed in river management if we are to meet sustainable development goals and tackle environmental challenges brought about by ongoing anthropogenic and climate change. In some parts of the world, recovery‐enhancement approaches to river management have been adopted, communicated and used for many years. At the heart of these approaches lies an understanding of the biogeomorphic forms, processes and evolutionary trajectories of rivers that differs philosophically from notions of restoration, rewilding or creation of a utopian natural state. Instead, recovery‐enhancement approaches aim to improve the biogeomorphic condition of rivers, recognising that they are dynamic entities and new evolutionary trajectories and novel ecosystems are being created that are now part of the environment. Accepting shifting baselines and moving targets is inherent as boundary conditions (water, sediment and vegetation interactions) continue to be altered under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change, and the impacts of ‘unprecedented’ wildfires, floods, heatwaves and drought are manifested on the ground. The river management sector has not yet fully adapted to this reality with large amounts of applied science and on‐ground practice still focussed on restoration, re‐engineering and rewilding, words which in themselves produce a false impression of the aims, visions and achievability of river management. Embracing recovery‐enhancement approaches to river management requires a conscious shift in communication strategies and terminology to present more realistic expectations and possibilities for river condition improvement, a responsibility that is incumbent upon us, the scientists and practitioners, who work in the applied science and river management profession. In this Short Communication, I use a case study from eastern Australia to illustrate what biogeomorphic river recovery can look like. I use this to discuss the potential for adoption of a recovery‐enhancement approach to river management more broadly, and call on scientists and practitioners to make a conscious philosophical and communications shift when working in applied science and river management.
The role of environmental knowledge, policies and regulations toward water resource management: A mediated‐moderation of attitudes, perception, and sustainable consumption patterns
Authors: Kherazi Fatima Zahra , Sun Dongying , Sohu Jan Muhammad , Junejo Ikramuddin , Naveed Hafiz Muhammad , Khan Asadullah , Shaikh Sonia Najam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater is the lifeblood of our Earth, and sustainable water consumption is the key to preserving this scarce resource for future generations and upholding environmental sustainability. In this study, we investigate the relationship between environmental knowledge (EK), environmental policies and regulations (EPR), attitudes toward water resource management programs (APWRMP), perceived water quality (PWQ), and sustainable consumption (SC), enriching the existing literature by integrating the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) alongside water management program (WMP) concepts. This integration forms a comprehensive model clarifying the influences on SC. Furthermore, this study investigates these relationships within the specific context of select regions in China, addressing a geographical gap in the current literature. With a sample size of (N = 336) participants, we employ partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) to explore the complex relationships within the proposed model. The finding confirms the hypothesized associations, validating the substantial positive impact of EK and EPR on APWRMP and SC. Additionally, we observe that PWQ notably strengthens the link between the perception and attitude of villagers toward SC of water. Our study explains the multifaceted dynamics underlying individuals' behavior and attitude in making decisions concerning sustainable water consumption.
Near Room Temperature Production of Segregated Network Composites of Carbon Nanotubes and Regolith as Multifunctional, Extra‐Terrestrial Building Materials
Authors: Garcia James , Caffrey Eoin , Doolan Luke , Horvath Dominik V. , Carey Tian , Gabbett Cian , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConstructing a semi‐permanent base on the moon or Mars will require maximal use of materials found in situ and minimization of materials and equipment transported from Earth. This will mean a heavy reliance on regolith (Lunar or Marian soil) and water, supplemented by small quantities of additives fabricated on Earth. Here it is shown that SiO2‐based powders, as well as Lunar and Martian regolith simulants, can be fabricated into building materials at near‐ambient temperatures using only a few weight‐percent of carbon nanotubes as a binder. These composites have compressive strength and toughness up to 100 MPa and 3 MPa respectively, higher than the best terrestrial concretes. They are electrically conductive (>20 S m−1) and display an extremely large piezoresistive response (gauge factor >600), allowing these composites to be used as internal sensors to monitor the structural health of extra‐terrestrial buildings.
SPOOC (Sensor for Periodic Observation of Choline): An Integrated Lab‐on‐a‐Spoon Platform for At‐Home Quantification of Choline in Infant Formula
Authors: Al‐Shami Abdulrahman , Amirghasemi Farbod , Soleimani Ali , Khazaee Nejad Sina , Ong Victor , Berkmen Alara , Ainla Alar , Mousavi Maral P.S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCholine is an essential micronutrient for infants' brain development and health. To ensure that infants receive the needed daily dose of choline, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set requirements for choline levels in commercialized infant formulas. Unfortunately, not all families can access well‐regulated formulas, leading to potential inadequacies in choline intake. Economic constraints or difficulties in obtaining formulas, exacerbated by situations like COVID‐19, prompt families to stretch formulas. Accurate measurement of choline in infant formulas becomes imperative to guarantee that infants receive the necessary nutritional support. Yet, accessible tools for this purpose are lacking. An innovative integrated sensor for the periodic observation of choline (SPOOC) designed for at‐home quantification of choline in infants' formulas and milk powders is reported. This system is composed of a choline potentiometric sensor and ionic‐liquid reference electrode developed on laser‐induced graphene (LIG) and integrated into a spoon‐like device. SPOOC includes a micro‐potentiometer that conducts the measurements and transmits results wirelessly to parents' mobile devices. SPOOC demonstrated rapid and accurate assessment of choline levels directly in pre‐consuming infant formulas without any sample treatment. This work empowers parents with a user‐friendly tool for choline monitoring promoting informed nutritional decision‐making in the care of infants.
Electrospun Aligned Nanofiber Yarns Constructed Biomimetic M‐Type Interface Integrated into Precise Co‐Culture System as Muscle‐Tendon Junction‐on‐a‐Chip for Drug Development
Authors: Su Weiwei , Yang Qiao , Li Ting , Xu Jie , Yin Panjing , Han Mingying , Lin Zhuosheng , Deng Yuping , Wu Yaobin , Huang Wenhua , Wang Ling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of engineered muscle‐tendon junction (MTJ) with organ‐on‐a‐chip technology provides promising in vitro models for the understanding of cell‐cell interaction at the interface between muscle and tendon tissues. However, developing engineered MTJ tissue with biomimetic anatomical interface structure remains challenging, and the precise co‐culture of engineered interface tissue is further regarded as a remarkable obstacle. Herein, an interwoven waving approach is presented to develop engineered MTJ tissue with a biomimetic “M‐type” interface structure, and further integrated into a precise co‐culture microfluidic device for functional MTJ‐on‐a‐chip fabrication. These multiscale MTJ scaffolds based on electrospun nanofiber yarns enabled 3D cellular alignment and differentiation, and the “M‐type” structure led to cellular organization and interaction at the interface zone. Crucially, a compartmentalized co‐culture system is integrated into an MTJ‐on‐a‐chip device for the precise co‐culture of muscle and tendon zones using their medium at the same time. Such an MTJ‐on‐a‐chip device is further served for drug‐associated MTJ toxic or protective efficacy investigations. These results highlight that these interwoven nanofibrous scaffolds with biomimetic “M‐type” interface are beneficial for engineered MTJ tissue development, and MTJ‐on‐a‐chip with precise co‐culture system indicated their promising potential as in vitro musculoskeletal models for drug development and biological mechanism studies.