bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current clinical findings of acute neurological syndromes after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Wang Minjin , Wang Jierui , Ren Yan , Lu Lu , Xiong Weixi , Li Lifeng , Xu Songtao , Tang Meng , Yuan Yushang , Xie Yi , Li Weimin , Chen Lei , Zhou Dong , Ying Binwu , Li Jinmei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeuro‐COVID, a condition marked by persistent symptoms post‐COVID‐19 infection, notably affects various organs, with a particular focus on the central nervous system (CNS). Despite scant evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion in the CNS, the increasing incidence of Neuro‐COVID cases indicates the onset of acute neurological symptoms early in infection. The Omicron variant, distinguished by heightened neurotropism, penetrates the CNS via the olfactory bulb. This direct invasion induces inflammation and neuronal damage, emphasizing the need for vigilance regarding potential neurological complications. Our multicenter study represents a groundbreaking revelation, documenting the definite presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a significant proportion of Neuro‐COVID patients. Furthermore, notable differences emerged between RNA‐CSF‐positive and negative patients, encompassing aspects such as blood–brain barrier integrity, extent of neuronal damage, and the activation status of inflammation. Despite inherent limitations, this research provides pivotal insights into the intricate interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and the CNS, underscoring the necessity for ongoing research to fully comprehend the virus's enduring effects on the CNS. The findings underscore the urgency of continuous investigation Neuro‐COVID to unravel the complexities of this relationship, and pivotal in addressing the long‐term consequences of COVID‐19 on neurological health.
Modifying the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of cancer cells: A comprehensive approach for cancer management
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the recent successes of cancer therapy, numerous obstacles remain. The medical community of the 16th century believed that magnets might be used to cure or prevent illness. However, this concept has only recently been put into practice in the treatment of cancer. Cancers vary greatly not only at the patient, tissue, and cellular levels but also at the molecular level. Because of this multiscale heterogeneity, effective treatments that not only differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissues but also target a wide variety of tumor subclones are difficult to develop. Most treatments either take advantage of a specific biological characteristic shared by cancer cells (e.g., their propensity for rapid division) or indiscriminately eradicate every cell in an area of interest. In this article, we review the physical, chemical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of cancer cells, before discussing how these properties may be modulated by current and future cancer therapies.
A broadband transparent antenna applied in indoor mobile communication system
Authors: Weng Zibin , Liu Jia , Su Youqian , Wang Xiaoming , Yan Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a broadband optical transparent antenna using a transparent conductor film on a transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The planar wide‐slot antenna coupling fed by microstrip has a wide impedance bandwidth, so it is selected to design the transparent antenna. The upper surface of the PET substrate is a microstrip line with a fork‐shaped tuning branch, and the lower surface is a wide slot. They were made of transparent conductor film. Finally, a new capacitive coupling method is used to feed the transparent antenna. The transparent conductor film used in the antenna is metal mesh, which was developed by 3M company. The metal mesh with an open area greater than 80% to achieve high transmittance. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth is 177% (0.30–5.0 GHz), and the gain of the antenna varies from 5.06 to 7.8 dBi over the entire frequency band. Therefore, it can be well applied to the current indoor mobile communication system.
Physics and small‐scale dosimetry of α$\alpha$‐emitters for targeted radionuclide therapy: The case of 211At$^{211}{\rm At}$
Authors: Alcocer‐Ávila Mario Enrique , Larouze Alexandre , Groetz Jean‐Emmanuel , Hindié Elif , Champion Christophe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMonte Carlo simulations have been considered for a long time the gold standard for dose calculations in conventional radiotherapy and are currently being applied for the same purpose in innovative radiotherapy techniques such as targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT).PurposeWe present in this work a benchmarking study of the latest version of the Transport d'Ions Lourds Dans l'Aqua & Vivo (TILDA‐V ) Monte Carlo track structure code, highlighting its capabilities for describing the full slowing down of ‐particles in water and the energy deposited in cells by ‐emitters in the context of TRT.MethodsWe performed radiation transport simulations of ‐particles (10 keV –100 MeV ) in water with TILDA‐V and the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) version 3.33. We compared the predictions of each code in terms of track parameters (stopping power, range and radial dose profiles) and cellular S‐values of the promising radionuclide astatine‐211 (). Additional comparisons were made with available data in the literature.ResultsThe stopping power, range and radial dose profiles of ‐particles computed with TILDA‐V were in excellent agreement with other calculations and available data. Overall, minor differences with PHITS were ascribed to phase effects, that is, related to the use of interaction cross sections computed for water vapor or liquid water. However, important discrepancies were observed in the radial dose profiles of monoenergetic ‐particles, for which PHITS results showed a large underestimation of the absorbed dose compared to other codes and experimental data. The cellular S‐values of computed with TILDA‐V agreed within 4% with the values predicted by PHITS and MIRDcell.ConclusionsThe validation of the TILDA‐V code presented in this work opens the possibility to use it as an accurate simulation tool for investigating the interaction of ‐particles in biological media down to the nanometer scale in the context of medical research. The code may help nuclear medicine physicians in their choice of ‐emitters for TRT. Further research will focus on the application of TILDA‐V for quantifying radioinduced damage on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule.
Tunnel resistivity deep learning inversion method based on physics‐driven and signal interpretability
Authors: Liu Benchao , Tang Yuting , Zhang Yongheng , Jiang Peng , Zhang Fengkai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData‐driven deep learning technology has a strong non‐linear mapping ability and has good development potential in geophysical inversion problems. Traditional inversion techniques offer broad generality, but they can remain trapped in local minima, particularly for three‐dimensional tunnelling resistivity inversion. In this work, we present an inversion methodology that combines traditional physics‐driven and deep learning data‐driven inversion approaches. To further support deep neural networks' dependability on unseen data, the interpretability of their working mechanism is explored. We execute migration learning based on small sample data after identifying the critical parameters that restrict the effectiveness of inversion by analysing the feature maps of various model data. We demonstrate, using both synthetic examples and field data, that the proposed method can improve the accuracy in detecting water‐bearing anomalies (caves and faults), which are typically encountered during tunnel excavation.
How the emotions evoked by homeless pets induce online charitable giving
Authors: Shepelenko Anna , Shepelenko Pavel , Panidi Ksenia , Kosonogov Vladimir , Shestakova Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior in the context of pet charities. In particular, we examined the role of pet characteristics such as age, health status, signs of homelessness, and the animal being in the presence of a human as factors in a potential benefactors' emotional state (valence and arousal) that are associated with the willingness to donate. We conducted an online experiment in which participants (N = 54) voluntarily donated in response to being presented with pictures of dogs in various conditions. Emotional state was measured as self‐reported valence and arousal. Our findings showed that willingness to donate was higher when participants experienced unpleasant emotions with a high arousal. In addition, we found that animals' apparent sickness and signs of homelessness provoked larger donations, while age (adult or puppy) and being in the presence of a human did not affect charitable behavior. Our study contributes to the research on the effectiveness of charity appeals in the context of pet charities and complements the literature on human prosocial behavior in support of other species. The results have practical implications for the development of advertising on behalf of pet charities as they explore the impact of dogs' characteristics on donors' emotions and willingness to donate under ecologically valid conditions, in contrast to previous laboratory studies.
Caution with noninvasive prenatal screening for single gene disorders: A case report of a COL1A1 variant in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Chafitz Olivia B. , Feigenblum Nicole S. , Haddad Andrew S. , Abdelhak Yaakov E. , Oladipo Antonia F. 
Published: March 2024

Key pointsWhat is already known?

Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for monogenic conditions is now available, and patients commonly pursue this despite normal sonographic findings or the absence of pertinent family history.

What does this study add?

This case underscores the limitations of NIPS for monogenic conditions in low‐risk populations and the importance of pre‐ and post‐test genetic counseling, family history, and parental testing.
Further research is needed to determine the clinical utility of NIPS for single gene disorders in low‐risk populations.
The Height Pole: Measuring plot height using a single‐point LiDAR sensor
Authors: Morrison Malcolm J. , Gahagan Alison Claire , Hotte Thomas , Morrison Hannah E. , Kenny Matthew , Saumure Alain , Lefevbre Marc B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlant canopy height is an essential trait for phenomics and plant breeding. Despite its importance, height is still largely measured by manual means with a ruler and notepad. Here, we present the Height Pole, a novel single‐point LiDAR (SPL)‐based instrument to measure and record plant and canopy height in the field quickly, reliably, and accurately. An SPL was mounted on the top of a pole and aimed downwards at an adjustable paddle that was positioned at the desired height. A custom app, written for Android OS, saved the plant height data from the SPL to a tablet. The Height Pole was tested against a ruler in the lab, in a field trial setting, and by multiple operators. Indoor and outdoor testing found no significant differences between a ruler and the Height Pole measurements. A test with five operators revealed that measuring, recording, transcribing, and digitizing were on average 20 s per plot slower with a ruler than with the Height Pole. The Height Pole required only one operator to measure and record data, reduced operator fatigue, and by directly writing the data to a .CSV file eliminated transcription errors. These improvements make it easier to collect crop height data on large experiments rapidly and accurately with low input costs.
A scalable, low‐cost phenotyping strategy to assess tuber size, shape, and the colorimetric features of tuber skin and flesh in potato breeding populations
Authors: Feldman Max J. , Park Jaebum , Miller Nathan , Wakholi Collins , Greene Katelyn , Abbasi Arash , Rippner Devin A. , Navarre Duroy , Schmitz Carley Cari , Shannon Laura M. , Novy Rich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTuber size, shape, colorimetric characteristics, and defect susceptibility are all factors that influence the acceptance of new potato cultivars. Despite the importance of these characteristics, our understanding of their inheritance is substantially limited by our inability to precisely measure these features quantitatively on the scale needed to evaluate breeding populations. To alleviate this bottleneck, we developed a low‐cost, semiautomated workflow to capture data and measure each of these characteristics using machine vision. This workflow was applied to assess the phenotypic variation present within 189 F1 progeny of the A08241 breeding population. Machine vision was applied to estimate linear and volumetric tuber size, assess tuber shape characteristics using aspect ratio and biomass profiles, and quantify tuber skin and flesh color; additionally, a deep learning mode was developed to classify the presence of hollow‐heart defect. Our results provide an example of quantitative measurements acquired using machine vision methods that are reliable, heritable, and capable of being used to understand and select multiple traits simultaneously in structured potato breeding populations.
Allosteric pathways of SARS and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein identified by neural relational inference
Authors: Hu Yao , Li Mingwei , Wang Qian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe receptor binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein must undergo a crucial conformational transition to invade human cells. It is intriguing that this transition is accompanied by a synchronized movement of the entire spike protein. Therefore, it is possible to design allosteric regulators targeting non‐RBD but hindering the conformational transition of RBD. To understand the allosteric mechanism in detail, we establish a computational framework by integrating coarse‐grained molecular dynamic simulations and a state‐of‐the‐art neural network model called neural relational inference. Leveraging this framework, we have elucidated the allosteric pathway of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein at the residue level and identified the molecular mechanisms involved in the transmission of allosteric signals. The movement of D614 is coupled with that of Q321. This interaction subsequently influences the movement of K528/K529, ultimately coupling with the movement of RBD during conformational changes. Mutations that weaken the interactions within this pathway naturally block the allosteric signal transmission, thereby modulating the conformational transitions. This observation also offers a rationale for the distinct allosteric patterns observed in the SARS‐CoV spike protein. Our result provides a useful method for analyzing the dynamics of potential viral variants in the future.
Functional analysis of adipokinetic hormone signaling in reproductive diapause of Coccinella septempunctata
Authors: Shen Zhongjian , Liu Zhaohan , Chen Junjie , Li Yuyan , Mao Jianjun , Wang Mengqing , Zhang Lisheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata, an important predator, is widely used to control aphids, whiteflies, mites, thrips, and lepidopteran pests. Diapause control technology is key to extending C. septempunctata shelf‐life and commercialization. Lipid accumulation is a major feature of reproductive diapause, but the function of AKH signaling as a regulator of lipid mobilization in reproductive diapause remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and characterize AKH and AKHR genes, and clarify their functions in reproductive diapause.RESULTSThe relative expression levels of CsAKH and CsAKHR were the highest in the head and fat body, respectively, and were significantly decreased under diapause conditions, both in developmental stages and tissues (head, midgut, fat body, and ovary). Furthermore, CsAKH and CsAKHR expression was increased significantly after juvenile hormone (JH) injection, but CsMet silencing significantly inhibited CsAKH and CsAKHR expression, whereas CsMet knockdown blocked the induction effect of JH. CsAKH and CsAKHR knockdown significantly reduced water content, increased lipid storage, and promoted the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, but significantly blocked ovarian development, and induced forkhead box O (FOXO) gene expression in C. septempunctata under reproduction conditions. By contrast, injection of AKH peptide significantly inhibited FOXO expression, reduced lipid storage, and increased water content in C. septempunctata under diapause conditions.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that CsAKH and CsAKHR are involved in the regulation of lipid accumulation and ovarian development during diapause in C. septempunctata, and provide a promising target for manipulating C. septempunctata diapause. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A flexible modulated pesticide release platform through poly(urethane–urea) microcapsules: effect of different crosslinkers compositions
Authors: Wang Jian , Shi Zefeng , Yuan Guohui , Zhang Nianlei , Xiao Yanan , Jin Zijin , Li Mengdie , Wu Wenneng , Yuan Yongda , Ren Tianrui , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolymeric microcapsules (MCs) have become an important issue and have attracted increasing attention because of their tunable physical and chemical properties. Diverse shell structures can confer multiple properties on MCs.RESULTSDifferent polyols (1,4‐butanediol and glycerin) and polyamines (triethylenetetramine and isophorondiamine) were selected as crosslinkers to obtain emamectin benzoate (EB)‐loaded poly(urethane–urea) MCs (PU‐MCs) by interfacial polymerization. The four obtained PU‐MCs showed sphericity with different degrees of smoothness on their surfaces, and displayed a uniform size distribution ranging from 500 to 700 nm. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that the shell thickness was roughly uniform, and was greatly influenced by the type and structure of the crosslinker. GI‐MCs, prepared using glycerin and isophorondiamine, had the largest shell thickness. GT‐MCs, obtained using glycerin and triethylenetetramine, had the highest encapsulation efficiency and drug‐loading content, and BT‐MCs, obtained using mixtures of 1,4‐butanediol and triethylenetetramine, had the fastest release behavior. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the greater the degree of shell crosslinking, the higher decomposition temperature and the greater the thermal stability. A BT‐MC suspension had the lowest viscosity and contact angle with the best wettability. Bioassay experiments showed that BT‐MCs exhibited good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae with a half‐maximal lethal concentration of 4.19 mg/L. Furthermore, a BT‐MC suspension showed good thermal and light stability, with potential applications in minimizing the toxicity of EB through sustained release.CONCLUSIONVarious properties of EB‐loaded PU‐MCs were modulated through simple selection of different polyols and polyamines during fabrication, which might have an important role in constructing the pesticide delivery system and improving pesticide utilization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Why Is the Bandgap of GaP Indirect While That of GaAs and GaN Are Direct?
Authors: Huang Jinhai , Yang Wei , Chen Zihui , Yang Shengxin , Xue Kan‐Hao , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: March 2024

Many III–V semiconductors possess direct bandgaps and are thus widely applied in optoelectronics. Although GaN (either in wurtzite phase or zinc blende phase), GaAs, and GaSb are well‐known direct‐gap semiconductors, GaP exhibits an indirect bandgap nevertheless. In this work, the generic rule of energy gaps in GaN, GaP, and GaAs of the zinc blende phase is analyzed, and the trends of gap variation are studied concerning the lattice constant and anion electronegativity. It turns out that GaP actually manifests a normal behavior, the reason why GaN surprisingly has a direct gap is analyzed through examining and perturbing its valence band as well as conduction band (CB). The CB electron shows a non‐negligible probability to emerge near the N cores. The attractive nucleus potential pulls down the CB more strongly at Γ, which is in principle further supported through an analysis of the Kronig–Penney model. The difference between GaP and GaN in this respect is also analyzed in detail.
Dihydrocapsaicin suppresses the STING‐mediated accumulation of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviates apoptosis after ischemia–reperfusion injury of perforator skin flap
Authors: Lai Yingying , Yang Ningning , Chen Xuankuai , Ma Xianhui , Chen Zhuliu , Dong Chengji , Yu Gaoxiang , Huang Yingying , Shi Donghao , Fang Pin , Fu Kejian , Jiang Renhao , Mao Cong , Ding Jian , Gao Weiyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAvascular necrosis frequently occurs as a complication following surgery involving the distal perforator flap. Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) can protect tissue from ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its specific role in multizone perforator flaps remains unclear. In this study, the prospective target of DHC in the context of I/R injury was predicted using network pharmacology analysis. Flap viability was determined through survival area analysis, laser Doppler blood flow, angiograms, and histological examination. The expressions of angiogenesis, apoptosis, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, oxidative stress, and molecules related to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)‐interferon gene stimulant (STING) pathway were assessed using western blotting, immunofluorescence, TUNEL staining, and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Our finding revealed that DHC promoted the perforator flap survival, which involves the cGAS–STING pathway, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. DHC induced oxidative stress resistance and suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome, preventing apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Through regulation of STING pathway, DHC controlled oxidative stress in endothelial cells and NLRP3 levels in ischemic flaps. However, activation of the cGAS–STING pathway led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby diminishing the protective role of DHC. DHC enhanced the survival of multidomain perforator flaps by suppressing the cGAS–STING pathway, oxidative stress, and the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings unveil a potentially novel mechanism with clinical significance for promoting the survival of multidomain perforator flaps.
Stability tests for neutral‐type delay systems: A delay Lyapunov matrix and piecewise linear approximation of the functional argument approach
Authors: Portilla Gerson , Alexandrova Irina V. , Mondié Sabine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNew necessary and sufficient stability tests for neutral‐type linear time delay systems are presented. They are based on functionals with prescribed derivative depending on the delay Lyapunov matrix and recent stability/instability theorems. A piecewise linear approximation of the initial function argument in the functional is employed. As a result, the functional is approximated via a quadratic form whose matrix provides stability criteria. This matrix involves the integrals based on the delay Lyapunov matrix which are handled via an efficient computational procedure. The main feature of these tests is that they are verified in a finite number of operations, which is achieved through rigorous bounding of the approximation error on a specific class of functions. Some examples which validate the obtained results are presented and discussed.