bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient balance in medfly, Ceratitis capitata, larval diets affects the ability of the developing insect to incorporate lipid and protein reserves
Authors: Nestel David , Nemny‐Lavy Esther 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly [Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)], or medfly, is mass produced in many facilities throughout the world to supply sterile flies for sterile insect technique programs. Production of sterile males requires large amounts of larval and adult diets. Larval diets comprise the largest economic burdens in the mass production of sterile flies, and are one of the main areas where production costs could be reduced without affecting quality and efficacy. The present study investigated the effect of manipulating diet constituents on larval development and performance. Medfly larvae were reared on diets differing in the proportions of brewer's yeast and sucrose. We studied the effect of such diets on the ability of pupating larvae to accumulate protein and lipids, and on other developmental indicators. Except for diets with a very low proportion of brewer's yeast (e.g., 4%), pupation and adult emergence rates were in general high and satisfactory. The ability of pupating larvae to accumulate lipid reserves and proteins was significantly affected by the sucrose and yeast in the diet, and by the proportion of protein to carbohydrates (P/C). In contrast to previous nutritional studies conducted with other insects, low P/C in medfly larval diets (with excess dietary carbohydrates) resulted in pupating medfly larvae having a relatively reduced load of lipids; medfly larvae protein contents in these diets were, as expected, relatively low. Similarly, high P/C ratios in the diet produced larvae with high protein and lipid contents. Differences with other insects may be due to differential post‐ingestion regulation where a high dietary carbohydrate diet reduces the lipogenic activity of the larvae, and induces a shift from lipid to glucose oxidation. Larvae reared on low P/C diets spent more time foraging in the diet than larvae maintained on a high P/C diet, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to complement nutrient intake. The results suggest that the content of brewer's yeast, the most expensive diet component, could be fine‐tuned without apparently affecting fly quality.
Immediate Functional Loading of Single‐Tooth TIO2 Grit‐Blasted Implant Restorations: A Controlled Prospective Study in a Porcine Model. Part I: Clinical Outcome
Authors: Bousdras Vasilios A. , Sindet‐Pedersen Steen , Cunningham James L. , Blunn Gordon , Petrie Aviva , Naert Ignace E. , Jaecques Siegfried , Goodship Allen E. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Although favorable integration occurs with immediately loaded implants, the relationship between implant outcome, levels of occlusion, and diet requires optimization.Purpose:  Pertubating load on single implant restorations immediately after placement by a hard food diet will increase the strains at the bone‐implant interface, increasing the risk for failure.Materials and Methods:  Forty‐eight implants replaced the first and third mandibular premolars in 12 pigs, allocated into two groups based on soft‐ and hard‐diet feeding. Cylindrical and tapered implants replaced the first and third premolars, respectively. Each animal received at random four different masticatory loading conditions (group 1 control]: implant with either a cover screw or a healing abutment, and group 2 test]: implant with a crown either with or without occlusal contacts).Results:  Thirteen implants out of 44 failed in 11 animals (one with a cover screw, one with a healing abutment, three with nonocclusal, and eight with occlusal restorations). The failure rate of restored implants (either in occlusion or not) was significantly higher in the third premolar sites (p=.007), although diet had no significant effect (p=.421).Conclusions:  While diet had no effect on the failure pattern of immediately loaded single implants, the position and type of load under the masticatory mode were significant. Immediately loaded implants both in and out of occlusion were less successful than the controls, and this is probably attributed to detrimental strain induced on the bone‐implant interface.
A 4‐Year Prospective Clinical and Radiological Study of Maxillary Dental Implants Supporting Single‐Tooth Crowns Using Early and Delayed Loading Protocols
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Avci Mehmet , Kuran Serkan , Ozbek Esma Nida 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Recent studies have showed that immediate/early loading of dental implants is a clinically feasible concept with results similar to those for standard two‐stage procedures, especially in the mandible. However, there are only a few studies regarding the immediate/early loading of maxillary implants supporting single‐tooth crowns.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of early‐ and delayed‐loaded dental implants supporting single‐tooth crowns in the maxilla.Materials and Methods:  Twenty‐nine patients were consecutively treated between 2000 and 2002 with 59 Brånemark System MK III TiUnite implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) in the maxilla. Two groups were formed according to the loading protocols. In the test group, definitive implant‐supported single crowns were delivered to 19 patients 6 weeks after the implant placement. In the control group, definitive implant‐supported single crowns were delivered to 10 patients 6 months after the implant placement. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline, 1 to 4 years. Implant stability measurements have only been performed at 4‐year follow‐up recall.Results:  Overall, three implants were lost during the study period. Two implants were lost in the test group including 36 implants, which indicated a survival rate of 94.4%. One of the lost implants was replaced and then osseointegrated successfully. One implant was lost in the control group during the healing period, which indicated a survival rate of 95.7%. The average marginal bone loss was 1.11 mm for 56 implants after 4 years. There were no significant differences in marginal bone levels, insertion torque, and resonance frequency values between the two groups.Conclusion:  The results of this study indicate that 6 weeks of early loading period for TiUnite‐surface titanium implants in the maxilla is reliable and predictable for this patient population and may offer an alternative to the standard loading protocol.
The Establishment of a Protocol for the Total Rehabilitation of Atrophic Maxillae Employing Four Zygomatic Fixtures in an Immediate Loading System – A 30‐Month Clinical and Radiographic Follow‐Up
Authors: Duarte Luis Rogério , Filho Hugo Nary , Francischone Carlos Eduardo , Peredo Luiz Guillermo , Brånemark Per‐Ingvar 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  The existing approaches to the treatment of the atrophic maxilla are difficult and involve an element of risk.Purpose:  The aim of the present study was to establish a new surgical/prosthetic protocol for the treatment of extremely atrophic maxillae using four zygomatic implants (ZIs) in an immediate loading system.Materials and Methods:  Twelve patients were treated with the surgical placement of 48 ZIs, and the totally edentulous maxillae were rehabilitated with protocol‐type maxillary prostheses rigidly fixed to the ZIs in an immediate loading system. Follow‐up was conducted at 6 months and again at 30 months.Results:  Of the 48 ZIs inserted, one implant failed to achieve osseointegration. The prosthetic components fitted well and no sinus pathology was detected in any of the patients.Conclusion:  The surgical/prosthetic protocol showed that it was possible to insert four ZIs in an immediate loading system and achieve stability for up to 30 months.
Effect of Dental Implant Cross‐Sectional Design on Cortical Bone Structure Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Abu‐Hammad Osama , Khraisat Ameen , Dar‐Odeh Najla , El‐Maaytah Mohammed 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTPurpose:  This finite element analysis investigation evaluated the effect of different implant cross‐sectional designs on bone stress levels under different loading patterns.Materials and Methods:  Finite element analysis program was used to construct four different three‐dimensional models describing 4 × 10‐mm implants in blocks of cortical and trabecular bone. A 5‐mm‐long abutment was modeled above each implant. The implant in model 1 was unthreaded, while in model 2 the implant was circularly threaded. The third implant in model 3 had the cross‐sectional shape as a 16‐sided star‐shaped design. The implant in model 4 was constructed unthreaded, with a diameter of 4.5 mm. Vertical and horizontal loads of 100 N each were applied on the top middle node of each implant assembly. All nodes at the bottom surface of the bone models were restrained.Results:  By comparing models 1, 2, and 3, the lowest bone stress values under vertical and horizontal forces were observed around the unthreaded implant in model 1 (8.92 and 94.52 MPa, respectively). The highest stress value under vertical loading was shown around the threaded implant in model 2 (10.07 MPa), whereas the highest stress value under horizontal loading was observed around the star‐shaped implant in model 3 (108.40 MPa). Model 4, with a wider unthreaded design, had stress values under vertical and horizontal loading of 7.32 and 71.35 MPa, respectively.Conclusions:  It was concluded that the unthreaded implant design produced the least bone stress. An increase in implant diameter could produce marked reduction in stress value in the bone around the neck of the implant.
Characterization of the Surface Properties of Commercially Available Dental Implants Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Focused Ion Beam, and High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Jarmar Tobias , Palmquist Anders , Brånemark Rickard , Hermansson Leif , Engqvist Håkån , Thomsen Peter 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Since osseointegration of the respective implant is claimed by all manufacturing companies, it is obvious that not just one specific surface profile including the chemistry controls bone apposition.Purpose:  The purpose was to identify and separate out a particular set of surface features of the implant surfaces that can contribute as factors in the osseointegration process.Material and Methods:  The surface properties of several commercially available dental implants were extensively studied using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections prepared with focused ion beam microscopy (FIB) provided microstructural and chemical data which have not previously been communicated. The implants were the Nobel Biocare TiUnite® (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden), Nobel Biocare Steri‐Oss HA‐coated (Nobel Biocare AB, Yorba Linda, CA, USA), Astra‐Tech OsseoSpeed™ (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden), Straumann SLA® (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland), and the Brånemark Integration Original Fixture implant (Brånemark Integration, Göteborg, Sweden).Results:  It was found that their surface properties had differences. The surfaces were covered with crystalline TiO2 (both anatase and rutile), amorphous titanium oxide, phosphorus doped amorphous titanium oxide, fluorine, titanium hydride, and hydroxyapatite, respectively.Conclusion:  This indicates that the provision of osseointegration is not exclusively linked to a particular set of surface features if the implant surface character is a major factor in that process. The studied methodology provides an effective tool to also analyze the interface between implant and surrounding bone. This would be a natural next step in understanding the ultrastructure of the interface between bone and implants.
Malignant Tumors of the Maxilla: Virtual Planning and Real‐Time Rehabilitation with Custom‐Made R‐zygoma Fixtures and Carbon–Graphite Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Prosthesis
Authors: Ekstrand Karl , Hirsch Jan‐M. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: Oral cancer is a mutilating disease. Because of the expanding application of computer technology in medicine, new methods are constantly evolving. This project leads into a new technology in maxillofacial reconstructive therapy using a redesigned zygoma fixture.Purpose: Previous development experiences showed that the procedure was time‐consuming and painful for the patients. Frequent episodes of sedation or general anesthetics were required and the rehabilitation is costly. The aim of our new treatment goal was to allow the patients to wake up after tumor surgery with a functional rehabilitation in place.Materials and Methods: Stereolithographic models were introduced to produce a model from the three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT). A guide with the proposed resection was fabricated, and the real‐time maxillectomy was performed. From the postoperative CT, a second stereolithographic model was manufactured and in addition, a stent for the optimal position of the implants. Customized zygoma implants were installed (R‐zygoma, Integration AB, Göteborg, Sweden). A fixed construction was fabricated by using a new material based on poly(methylacrylate) reinforced with carbon/graphite fibers and attached to the implants. On the same master cast, a separate obturator was fabricated in permanent soft silicon.Results: The result of this project showed that it was possible to create a virtual plan preoperatively to apply during surgery in order for the patient to wake up functionally rehabilitated.Conclusion: From a quality‐of‐life perspective, it is an advantage to be rehabilitated fast. By using new computer technology, pain and discomfort are less and the total rehabilitation is faster, which in turn reduces days in hospital and thereby total costs.
A Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Bone Tissue Surrounding Uncoupled or Splinted Dental Implants
Authors: Bergkvist Göran , Simonsson Kjell , Rydberg Kristofer , Johansson Fredrik , Dérand Tore 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: Several studies on one‐stage surgery in the treatment of the edentulous maxilla with implant‐supported fixed prostheses have reported problems with removable provisional prostheses, which can load the implants in an uncontrollable manner during healing, and jeopardize healing. Immediate splinting of the implants with a fixed provisional prosthesis has been proposed to protect the bone‐implant interface.Purpose: This study used the finite element method (FEM) to simulate stresses induced in bone tissue surrounding uncoupled and splinted implants in the maxilla because of bite force loading, and to determine whether the differences in these stress levels are related to differences in observed bone losses associated with the two healing methods.Materials and Methods: Stress levels in the maxilla were studied using the FEM program TRINITAS (Institute of Technology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden) in which all phases – preprocessing/modeling, equation solving, and postprocessing/evaluation – were simulated.Results: Stress levels in bone tissue surrounding splinted implants were markedly lower than stress levels surrounding uncoupled implants by a factor of nearly 9.Conclusion: From a mechanical viewpoint, FEM simulation supports the hypothesis that splinting reduces damage evolution in bone tissue, which agrees with clinical observations.
Rehabilitation of Edentulous Mandibles by Means of Five TiUnite™ Implants After One‐Stage Surgery: A 1‐Year Retrospective Study of 90 Patients
Authors: Friberg Bertil , Jemt Torsten 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: Recently, the present team reported the 1‐year data of one‐stage surgery and mainly early loading performed in edentulous mandibles using 750 turned Brånemark System® implants in 152 patients.Purpose: The aim of the present investigation was to retrospectively evaluate the 1‐year results of the same treatment technique, using Brånemark System implants with an oxidized surface (TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). The outcome was compared with that of the former study (control) on turned implants.Materials and Methods: The present study involved 90 individuals with 450 TiUnite implants of mainly the Brånemark System Mark III design, placed in edentulous mandibles and using one‐stage surgery. The prosthetic procedure was commenced as a mean 8 days after the surgical intervention. Intraoral radiographs were obtained at prosthesis insertion and at the 1‐year annual checkup. Failure rates of test and control groups were compared by means of the chi‐square test.Results: No implants were found to be mobile up to and including the first annual checkup, resulting in an implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 100%. The corresponding CSR for the control group was 97.5%, and this difference in implant survival was statistically significant when analyzed with the chi‐square test (p < .001). A statistically significant difference was also demonstrated (p < .01) when conducting the same statistical analysis on the patient level. The mean marginal bone resorption during the first year of function was 0.49 mm (SD 0.56), and the corresponding figures for the control study were 0.39 mm (SD 0.46). The central TiUnite implant, that is, the one placed in or in close relation to the symphyseal region showed significantly more bone loss (p < .05) than the corresponding central turned implant of the control study. Distally positioned test implants demonstrated less marginal bone loss than the corresponding central one.Conclusions: The outcome of 450 TiUnite implants placed in 90 patients with edentulous mandibles, of which 380 implants in 76 patients were followed for 1 year, showed an implant CSR of 100%. The figure was significantly different from the control study result of 97.5% on turned surface implants. The levels of marginal bone were close to identical for test and control implants at the 1‐year checkup.
Enhanced Initial Cell Responses to Chemically Modified Anodized Titanium
Authors: Jimbo Ryo , Sawase Takashi , Baba Koumei , Kurogi Tadafumi , Shibata Yasuaki , Atsuta Mitsuru 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: Previously, we reported that anodized porous titanium implants have photocatalytic hydrophilicity. However, this effect was not always sufficient for the significant improvement of bone apposition.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve the photocatalytic properties of porous titanium implants by the fluoride modification of the anodized titanium dioxide (TiO2), and to investigate the initial cell response to it.Materials and Methods: The ideal concentration of ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4F‐HF2) used in this study was determined by a static water contact angle assay. The ideal concentration of NH4F‐HF2 was 0.175%, and experimental disks were treated with this concentration. A pluripotent mesenchymal cell line, C2C12, was cultured on the disks in order to investigate cell attachment, morphology, and proliferation.Results: Cell attachment after 30 minutes of culturing was significantly higher for the ultraviolet‐irradiated, fluoride‐modified anodized TiO2 (p < .05), and the simultaneous scanning electron microscope observation showed a rather flattened and extended cell morphology. The proliferation rate after 24 hours was also significantly higher for the fluoride‐modified anodized TiO2.Conclusion: Fluoride chemical modification enhances the hydrophilic property of the anodized TiO2 and improves the initial cell response to it.
A New Technique for Reconstruction of the Atrophied Narrow Alveolar Crest in the Maxilla Using Morselized Impacted Bone Allograft and Later Placement of Dental Implants
Authors: Holmquist Per , Dasmah Amir , Sennerby Lars , Hallman Mats 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: In cases when the alveolar crest is too narrow to host an implant, lateral augmentation is required. The use of autogenous bone blocks harvested from the iliac crest is often demanded. One disadvantage is the associated patient morbidity.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically evaluate the use of morselized impacted bone allograft, a novel technique for reconstruction of the narrow alveolar crest.Materials and Methods: Two patients with completely edentulous maxillae and one partially edentulous, with a mean age of 77 years (range 76–79 years) were included in the study. The alveolar crest width was <3 mm without possibility to place any implant. Bone grafts were taken from a bone bank in Gävle Hospital. Bone from the neck of femur heads was milled to produce bone chips. The milled bone was partially defatted by rinsing in 37°C saline solution. After compression of the graft pieces with a size of 15 mm (height), 30 mm (length), and 6 mm (width), they were then fit to adapt to the buccal surface of the atrophied alveolar crest. One piece was placed to the right and one to the left side of the midline. On both sides fibrin glue was used (Tisseel®, Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) to stabilize the graft.After 6 months of graft healing, dental implants were placed, simultaneously biopsies were harvested and in one patient two oxidized microimplants were placed. At the time of abutment connection, microimplants were retrieved with surrounding bone for histology. Fixed screw‐retained bridges were fabricated in mean of 7 months after implant surgery. Radiographs were taken before and after implant surgery and after 1 year of loading.Results: Sixteen implants with an oxidized surface were placed (TiUnite®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). After 1 year of functional loading, all implants were clinically stable. The marginal bone loss was 1.4 mm (SD 0.3) after 1 year of loading. The histological examination showed resorption and subsequent bone formation on the allograft particles. There were no signs of inflammatory cell infiltration in conjunction with the allograft. The two microimplants showed bone formation directly on the implant surface.Conclusions: This study shows that morselized impacted bone allograft can be used to increase the width of the atrophied narrow alveolar crest as a good alternative to autogenous bone grafts in elderly patients. The histological examination of biopsies revealed a normal incorporation process and no signs of an immunological reaction. Further studies with larger samples are of important to be able to conclude if equal results can be obtained using morselized impacted bone allograft as for autogenous bone graft.