bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation revealed that Paeoniflorigenone effectively mitigates cerebral ischemic stroke by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Wu Zhiyan , Tang Xingrong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress are becoming more recognized as risk factors for ischemic stroke. Paeoniflorigenone (PA) has diverse pharmacological effects that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the specific mechanisms by which PA affects cerebral ischemic stroke have not been studied. Our objective was to investigate the potential targets and mechanisms of PA in preventing cerebral ischemic stroke. We obtained the potential targets of PA from the SwissTargetPrediction, Super-PRED, and SEA Search Server databases. The GSE97537 dataset was utilized to identify gene targets related to ischemic stroke. The overlapping targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein–protein interaction network, and enrichment analyses were conducted using R software. Rats were pretreated with PA for three weeks before undergoing MCAO and reperfusion. H&E staining, ELISA, and qRT-PCR analyses were then performed to explore the potential mechanisms of PA. In the study, we identified 439 potential targets for PA and 1206 potential targets for ischemic stroke. Out of these, there were 71 common targets, which were found to be primarily associated with pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The results from animal experiments showed that PA was able to improve nerve function and reduce inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke model. Additionally, the expression of core genes in the MCAO + HPA group was significantly lower compared to the MCAO group. Our study revealed that the potential mechanisms by which PA prevents ischemic stroke involve oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings provide important theoretical guidance for the clinical use of PA in preventing and managing ischemic stroke.
A ketogenic diet rich in fish oil is superior to other fats in preventing NNK-induced lung cancer in A/J mice
Authors: Elisia Ingrid , Yeung Michelle , Kowalski Sara , Shyp Taras , Tee Jason , Hollman Serena , Wong Amy , King Janette , Dyer Roger , Sorensen Poul H. , Krystal Gerald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven that ketogenic diets (KDs) are extremely high in dietary fat, we compared different fats in KDs to determine which was the best for cancer prevention. Specifically, we compared a Western and a 15% carbohydrate diet to seven different KDs, containing either Western fats or fats enriched in medium chain fatty acids (MCTs), milk fat (MF), palm oil (PO), olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO) or fish oil (FO) for their ability to reduce nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced lung cancer in mice. While all the KDs tested were more effective at reducing lung nodules than the Western or 15% carbohydrate diet, the FO-KD was most effective at reducing lung nodules. Correlating with this, mice on the FO-KD had low blood glucose and the highest β-hydroxybutyrate level, lowest liver fatty acid synthase/carnitine palmitoyl-1a ratio and a dramatic increase in fecal Akkermansia. We found no liver damage induced by the FO-KD, while the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL was unchanged on the different diets. We conclude that a FO-KD is superior to KDs enriched in other fats in reducing NNK-induced lung cancer, perhaps by being the most effective at skewing whole-body metabolism from a dependence on glucose to fats as an energy source.
The prevalence, clinical reasoning and impact of non-standard anti-tuberculosis regimens at the initial prescription
Authors: Chen Rou-Tsern , Liu Chih-Yu , Lin Shu-Yung , Shu Chin-Chung , Sheng Wang-Huei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRegarding clinically-concerning non-standard initial anti-tuberculous (TB) regimens, few studies have examined their prevalence, risk factors and impacts. We recruited patients with drug susceptible TB and non-standard initial anti-TB regimens (NSTB group) and matched them with patients with standard initial regimens (STB group) in a 1:1 ratio. The risk factors and outcomes were analyzed. During the 11-year study period, we analyzed 50 (3.7%) patients with NSTB from a total set of 1337 patients with drug-susceptible TB. Pyrazinamide (60%) was the drug most commonly not prescribed in the NSTB group, followed by ethambutol (34%). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors as underlying eye disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 8.869; 95% CI 2.542–30.949; p = 0.001), gout/hyperuricemia (aOR: 4.012 [1.196–13.425]; p = 0.024), and liver disease (aOR: 12.790 [3.981–41.089]; p < 0.001). The NSTB group had longer treatment durations (281 ± 121 vs. 223 ± 63 days; p = 0.003) and more occurrences of treatment interruption (26% vs. 8%; p = 0.021) than the STB group. In conclusion, NSTB occurs in around 3.7% of patients and is associated with longer treatment and more treatment interruption. The risk factors might include underlying liver and eye diseases, and gout. Further studies to improve non-standard initial regimens and prevent negative outcomes are warranted.
Experimental and numerical study of the mixed lubrication under the action of magnetic ionic liquid additives
Authors: Liu Ze , Yan Zhijun , Wu Shibo , Sun Haocheng , Zhang Shengwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the tribological characteristics of an oil-soluble magnetic fluid additive under mixed lubrication are studied by experiments and numerical simulation. [bmim][FeCl4] is dissolved in CF10W-40 lubricating oil as a magnetic liquid additive, and its friction coefficient is tested by a point contact friction tester at different temperatures, rotational speeds and magnetic field intensities. The transition condition of lubrication state is obtained through analyzing the Stribeck curves based on the experiments, and the strength model of boundary film is established accordingly. A mixed lubrication model is established by substituting the boundary film strength model and the surface roughness model into the hydrodynamic lubrication model based on Reynolds equation. The results show that the magnetic solution as an additive can obviously reduce friction and wear, and the effect is more obvious under the condition of magnetic field. The boundary film strength model can accurately reflect the transition characteristics of lubrication state in the presence of boundary film, and the mixed lubrication model based on boundary film strength model can more precisely reflect the tribological characteristics of friction pairs, so this study provides a new theoretical method for the related research on the influence of boundary film on lubrication characteristics.
Study of the influence of tributyrin-supplemented diets on the gut bacterial communities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Louvado A. , Coelho F. J. R. C. , Palma M. , Magnoni L. J. , Silva-Brito F. , Ozório R. O. A. , Cleary D. F. R. , Viegas I. , Gomes N. C. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDietary supplementation with triglyceride tributyrin (TBT), a butyrate precursor, has been associated with beneficial effects on fish health and improvements in the ability of carnivorous fish to tolerate higher levels of plant-based protein. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a plant-based diet supplemented with TBT on the structural diversity and putative function of the digesta-associated bacterial communities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In addition to this, we also assessed the response of fish gut digestive enzyme activities and chyme metabolic profile in response to TBT supplementation. Our results indicated that TBT had no significant effects on the overall fish gut bacterial communities, digestive enzyme activities or metabolic profile when compared with non-supplemented controls. However, a more in-depth analysis into the most abundant taxa showed that diets at the highest TBT concentrations (0.2% and 0.4%) selectively inhibited members of the Enterobacterales order and reduced the relative abundance of a bacterial population related to Klebsiella pneumoniae, a potential fish pathogen. Furthermore, the predicted functional analysis of the bacterial communities indicated that increased levels of TBT were associated with depleted KEGG pathways related to pathogenesis. The specific effects of TBT on gut bacterial communities observed here are intriguing and encourage further studies to investigate the potential of this triglyceride to promote pathogen suppression in the fish gut environment, namely in the context of aquaculture.
Relationships between perception of black triangles appearance, personality factors and level of education
Authors: AL-Omiri Mahmoud K. , Atieh Danial Waleed Ahmad , Al Nazeh Abdullah A. , Almoammar Salem , Bin Hassan Saeed Awod , Alshadidi Abdulkhaliq Ali F. , Aldosari Lujain Ibrahim N. , Aljehani Ahmad , Shat Naji M. , Lynch Edward 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the perception of black triangles (BT) and examined the relationships between the perception of BT, personality factors, different educational backgrounds and demographic factors. 435 participants were included and divided into four groups: dentists, clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, and laypeople. Participants’ perception of the attractiveness of smile profiles of maxillary and mandibular anterior dentition with BT was rated using a ten-point VAS scale with 0 being the least, and 10 being the most attractive smile profile. The personality was assessed using the NEO-FFI personality questionnaire. The smile profile with multiple large BT was rated the least attractive for the maxillary (mean = 3.6) and mandibular (mean = 3.9) tested profiles. The smile profile without BT was rated the most attractive for the maxillary (mean = 9.1) and mandibular (mean = 8.8) tested profiles. The dental professionals perceived the maxillary smile profile with multiple large BT as less attractive than the non-dental participants (t = − 2.715, P = 0.007). Being a male, having dental education, having lower Neuroticism scores, as well as having higher Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion scores predicted and contributed more towards perceiving various tested smile profiles as more attractive. These findings show that black triangles negatively impacts the perception of smile attractiveness, and that personality traits and having dental education impact the perception of smile attractiveness for smiles with black triangles.
Clinical features and associated factors of coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zong Ce , Liu Hongbing , Zhang Ke , Yang Hongxun , Wang Yunchao , Li Yusheng , Song Bo , Xu Yuming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is generally considered to be closely related to cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), leading to a poor prognosis. However, the coexistence of ICH in general CSVD patients and related factors remain underreported. In our cross-sectional study, we screened 414 CSVD patients from a database at the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (September 2018 to April 2022). Imaging biomarkers of CSVD and coexisting ICH lesion were assessed. Factors associated with coexisting ICH in CSVD were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. ICH was observed in 59 patients (14.3%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that previous history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (OR 5.189, 95%CI 2.572–10.467, P < 0.001), high-grade perivascular space in the basal ganglia (n > 10) (OR 2.051, 95%CI 1.044–4.027, P = 0.037) and low adjusted calcium-phosphorus product (OR 0.728 per 1 [mmol/L]2 increase, 95%CI 0.531–0.998, P = 0.049) were associated with coexisting ICH in CSVD patients. The considerable proportion of coexisting ICH and revelation of associated factors in general CSVD patients alert physicians of the potential risk of the reoccurrence of ICH, and might have a significant impact on therapeutic strategies.
Comparison between epileptic seizure prediction and forecasting based on machine learning
Authors: Costa Gonçalo , Teixeira César , Pinto Mauro F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEpilepsy affects around 1% of the population worldwide. Anti-epileptic drugs are an excellent option for controlling seizure occurrence but do not work for around one-third of patients. Warning devices employing seizure prediction or forecasting algorithms could bring patients new-found comfort and quality of life. These algorithms would attempt to detect a seizure’s preictal period, a transitional moment between regular brain activity and the seizure, and relay this information to the user. Over the years, many seizure prediction studies using Electroencephalogram-based methodologies have been developed, triggering an alarm when detecting the preictal period. Recent studies have suggested a shift in view from prediction to forecasting. Seizure forecasting takes a probabilistic approach to the problem in question instead of the crisp approach of seizure prediction. In this field of study, the triggered alarm to symbolize the detection of a preictal period is substituted by a constant risk assessment analysis. The present work aims to explore methodologies capable of seizure forecasting and establish a comparison with seizure prediction results. Using 40 patients from the EPILEPSIAE database, we developed several patient-specific prediction and forecasting algorithms with different classifiers (a Logistic Regression, a 15 Support Vector Machines ensemble, and a 15 Shallow Neural Networks ensemble). Results show an increase of the seizure sensitivity in forecasting relative to prediction of up to 146% and in the number of patients that displayed an improvement over chance of up to 300%. These results suggest that a seizure forecasting methodology may be more suitable for seizure warning devices than a seizure prediction one.
High-throughput analysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi minicirculome (mcDNA) unveils structural variation and functional diversity
Authors: Gómez-Palacio Andrés , Cruz-Saavedra Lissa , Van den Broeck Frederik , Geerts Manon , Pita Sebastián , Vallejo Gustavo A. , Carranza Julio C. , Ramírez Juan David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease and has a unique extranuclear genome enclosed in a structure called the kinetoplast, which contains circular genomes known as maxi- and minicircles. While the structure and function of maxicircles are well-understood, many aspects of minicircles remain to be discovered. Here, we performed a high-throughput analysis of the minicirculome (mcDNA) in 50 clones isolated from Colombia’s diverse T. cruzi I populations. Results indicate that mcDNA comprises four diverse subpopulations with different structures, lengths, and numbers of interspersed semi-conserved (previously termed ultra-conserved regions mHCV) and hypervariable (mHVPs) regions. Analysis of mcDNA ancestry and inter-clone differentiation indicates the interbreeding of minicircle sequence classes is placed along diverse strains and hosts. These results support evidence of the multiclonal dynamics and random bi-parental segregation. Finally, we disclosed the guide RNA repertoire encoded by mcDNA at a clonal scale, and several attributes of its abundance and function are discussed.
Dysregulation of miRNA–mRNA expression in fetal growth restriction in a caloric restricted mouse model
Authors: Gallagher Lauren T. , Bardill James , Sucharov Carmen C. , Wright Clyde J. , Karimpour-Fard Anis , Zarate Miguel , Breckenfelder Courtney , Liechty Kenneth W. , Derderian S. Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with aberrant placentation and accounts for a significant proportion of perinatal deaths. microRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in FGR. The purpose of this study was to determine microRNA-regulated molecular pathways altered using a caloric restricted mouse model of FGR. Pregnant mice were subjected to a 50% caloric restricted diet beginning at E9. At E18.5, RNA sequencing of placental tissue was performed to identify differences in gene expression between caloric restricted and control placentas. Significant differences in gene expression between caloric restricted and control placentas were observed in 228 of the 1546 (14.7%) microRNAs. Functional analysis of microRNA–mRNA interactions demonstrated enrichment of several biological pathways with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways upregulated and angiogenesis and signal transduction pathways downregulated. Ingenuity pathway analysis also suggested that ID1 signaling, a pathway integral for trophoblast differentiation, is also dysregulated in caloric restricted placentas. Thus, a maternal caloric restriction mouse model of FGR results in aberrant microRNA-regulated molecular pathways associated with angiogenesis, oxidative stress, signal transduction, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As several of these pathways are dysregulated in human FGR, our findings suggest that this model may provide an excellent means to study placental microRNA derangements seen in FGR.
Biochemical and functional characterization of heat-inactivated coelomic fluid from earthworms as a potential alternative for fetal bovine serum in animal cell culture
Authors: Rossan Mathews Melinda Grace , Subramaniam Ravichandran , Venkatachalam Saravanakumar , Selvan Christyraj Johnson Retnaraj Samuel , Yesudhason Beryl Vedha , Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal , Mohan Manikandan , Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFetal bovine serum (FBS) plays a pivotal role in animal cell culture. Due to ethical and scientific issues, searching for an alternative, comprising the three R’s (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement) gained global attention. In this context, we have identified the heat inactivated coelomic fluid (HI-CF) of the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus as a potential alternative for FBS. Briefly, we formulated HI-CF (f-HICF) containing serum free medium which can aid the growth, attachment, and proliferation of adherent cells, similar to FBS. In this study, we investigated the biochemical characterization, sterility, stability, formulation, and functional analysis of HI-CF as a supplement in culturing animal cells. Notably, vitamins, micronutrients, proteins, lipids, and trace elements are identified and compared with FBS for effective normalization of the serum free media. HI-CF is tested to be devoid of endotoxin and mycoplasma contamination thus can qualify the cell culture grade. The f-HICF serum free media was prepared, optimised, and tested with A549, HeLa, 3T3, Vero and C2C12 cell lines. Our results conclude that f-HICF is a potential alternative to FBS, in accordance with ethical concern; compliance with 3R's; lack of unintended antibody interactions; presence of macro and micronutrients; simple extraction; cost-effectiveness and availability.
Development of risk models of incident hypertension using machine learning on the HUNT study data
Authors: Schjerven Filip Emil , Ingeström Emma Maria Lovisa , Steinsland Ingelin , Lindseth Frank 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to create an 11-year hypertension risk prediction model using data from the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study in Norway, involving 17 852 individuals (20–85 years; 38% male; 24% incidence rate) with blood pressure (BP) below the hypertension threshold at baseline (1995–1997). We assessed 18 clinical, behavioral, and socioeconomic features, employing machine learning models such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Elastic regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest. For comparison, we used logistic regression and a decision rule as reference models and validated six external models, with focus on the Framingham risk model. The top-performing models consistently included XGBoost, Elastic regression and SVM. These models efficiently identified hypertension risk, even among individuals with optimal baseline BP (< 120/80 mmHg), although improvement over reference models was modest. The recalibrated Framingham risk model outperformed the reference models, approaching the best-performing ML models. Important features included age, systolic and diastolic BP, body mass index, height, and family history of hypertension. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that linear effects sufficed for a well-performing model. The best models efficiently predicted hypertension risk, even among those with optimal or normal baseline BP, using few features. The recalibrated Framingham risk model proved effective in our cohort.
Towards a comprehensive characterization of spatio-temporal dependence of light-induced electromagnetic forces in dielectric liquids
Authors: Astrath N. G. C. , Bergmann E. V. , Anghinoni B. , Flizikowski G. A. S. , Novatski A. , Jacinto C. , Požar T. , Kalin M. , Malacarne L. C. , Baesso M. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe interaction of localized light with matter generates optical electrostriction within dielectric fluids, leading to a discernible change in the refractive index of the medium according to the excitation’s light profile. This optical force holds critical significance in optical manipulation and plays a fundamental role in numerous photonic applications. In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of the pump-probe, photo-induced lensing (PIL) method to investigate optical electrostriction in various dielectric liquids. Notably, the thermal and nonlinear effects are observed to be temporally decoupled from the electrostriction effects, facilitating isolated observation of the latter. Our findings provide a comprehensive explanation of optical forces in the context of the recently introduced microscopic Ampère electromagnetic formalism, which is grounded in the dipolar approximation of electromagnetic sources within matter and characterizes electrostriction as an electromagnetic-induced stress within the medium. Here, the optical force density is re-obtained through a new Lagrangian approach.