bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of osteochondral chip fractures in the equine carpus
Authors: McIlwraith C. Wayne , Yovich John V. , Martin George S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The technique and results of arthroscopic surgery for the removal of osteochondral fragments from 1,000 carpal joints in 591 horses are reported. Of the 591 horses, 580 were racehorses (including 349 Quarter Horses and 220 Thoroughbreds). The distal aspect of the radial carpal bone was the most commonly affected site, followed by the proximal aspect of the intermediate carpal bone and distolateral aspect of the radius. More than one carpal joint was simultaneously operated on in 58.9% of the Quarter Horses and in 37.4% of the Thoroughbreds. Marked differences in the amount of damage were noted at arthroscopy, compared with what was observed on radiography.
Arthroscopic surgery was an effective technique for removing the osteochondral fragments as well as for treating other lesions. The overall functional ability as well as cosmetic appearance of the limbs were excellent. There was no postoperative intra-articular infection. Postsurgical follow-up information was obtained for 445 racehorses. After surgery, 303 (68.1%) raced at a level equal to or better than their preinjury level, 49 (11.0%) had decreased performance or still had problems referable to the carpus, 23 (5.2%) were retired without returning to training, 28 (6.3%) sustained another chip fracture, 32 (7.2%) developed other problems, and 10 (2.2%) sustained collapsing slab fractures while racing. When horses were separated into 4 categories of articular damage, the performance in the 2 most severely affected groups was significantly inferior. One hundred thirty-three of 187 horses with grade-1 damage (71.1%), 108 of 144 with grade-2 damage (75.0%), 41 of 77 with grade-3 damage (53.2%), and 20 of 37 horses with grade-4 damage (54.1%) returned to racing at a level equal to or better than their preinjury level. In examining the prognosis relative to site of the fracture, the prognosis for both breeds was worst with lesions of the third carpal bone.
Adrenocortical suppression by topically applied corticosteroids in healthy dogs
Authors: Zenoble Robert D. , Kemppainen Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Three corticosteroid products (triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, betamethasone valerate) and a control product composed of water, petrolatum, mineral oil, cetyl alcohol, steryl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, cholesterol, and methylparaben each were applied topically to healthy dogs (5 dogs/product) once daily for 5 consecutive days. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone (iACTH) and cortisol were determined before 1 μg of acth/kg of body weight was given intravenously (pre-acth values) and cortisol was again measured 60 minutes after acth was given (post-acth values). Cortisol and iACTH concentrations were determined in each dog before, during, and after administration of the corticosteroid products. All 3 corticosteroids caused prompt and sustained pituitary-adrenocortical suppression. Compared with control applications, the application of corticosteroids resulted in significant reduction of plasma cortisol and iACTH concentrations by day 2 of treatment, and the lower concentrations continued to day 5. One week after the last application of the corticosteroids, plasma iACTH concentrations in the corticosteroid-treated dogs had returned to the range of values for the control dogs; however, pre- and post-acth cortisol concentrations remained suppressed in all corticosteroid-treated dogs. Two weeks after the last treatment, the pre-acth plasma cortisol concentrations of corticosteroid-treated dogs returned to those of the control dogs, but the post-acth plasma cortisol concentrations remained suppressed. By 3 weeks after the last treatment, post-acth plasma cortisol concentrations of dogs treated with triamcinolone acetonide had returned to the range of values for the control dogs, but remained suppressed in the other 2 groups of dogs. All indices of pituitary-adrenocortical activity were within the control range by 4 weeks after the last treatment. These results indicated that daily topical application of corticosteroids may cause marked and rapid pituitary-adrenocortical suppression in healthy dogs.
Severe pleuritis associated with certain strains of Pasteurella multocida in swine
Authors: Pijoan Carlos , Fuentes Martha 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 2 farms on which grower or finisher pigs had problems of severe emaciation and high death loss (>5%). At necropsy, the pigs had extensive suppurative pleuritis and pericarditis, with adhesions over the lung surface. On one farm, the pigs also had multiple lung abscesses. Histologic findings included polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in bronchial and alveolar spaces, thickening of alveolar walls, pleuritis, and in some cases, abscesses. From all pigs, P multocida was isolated. The strains (A52, A59) were serotype A and were nontoxigenic.
Experimental reproduction of the disease was achieved by sequentially infecting conventionally weaned pigs intranasally with Pseudorabies virus; 7 days later, infection with selected P multocida laboratory strains (A50 and D82, A52 and A59) was achieved. At necropsy, pigs inoculated with strains A59 and A52 (serotype A, pleurotropic) had more severe lesions (P< 0.05) than those inoculated with strain A50 (serotype A, pneumotropic). Also, pigs infected with strains A59 and A52 had extensive pleuritis and abscessation, which were not observed in the other groups. Strain D82 (serotype D) was not capable of producing pneumonia or pleuritis.
Pleuritis and abscessation may be associated with certain P multocida strains that are serotype A, but not with others. These pleurotropic strains seem to be more virulent than pneumotropic strains, and infection with the former may result in extensive pleuritis and abscess formation.
Pyometra in Cats: 183 Cases (1979-1984)
Authors: Kenney Kurt J. , Matthiesen David T. , Brown Nancy O. , Bradley Richard L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pyometra was diagnosed in 183 cats. The most common signs detected by owners included vaginal discharge, anorexia, and lethargy. Main clinical findings on physical examination were vaginal discharge, abdominal distention, dehydration, palpable uterus, and pyrexia. Abdominal radiography revealed a large uterus in 138/169 cats. Most cats had leukocytosis with a left shift. Diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed at surgery in all cats on the basis of finding a large uterus containing purulent material. Clinical signs resolved in 168 cats after surgery; 15 cats (8%) died or were euthanatized. Postoperative complications in 20% generally resolved within 2 weeks after the cats were sent home. Signs detected by owners and results of physical examination in cats with pyometra were similar, but not as conspicuous as those reported in the dog. Mortality (8%) was similar to that seen in dogs.
Dynamic intramedullary crosspinning technique for repair of distal femoral fractures in dogs and cats: 71 cases (1981-1985)
Authors: Whitney Wayne O. , Schrader Steven C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Dynamic intramedullary crosspinning was used in the surgical treatment of supracondylar and distal physeal fractures of the femur in 129 dogs and cats over a 5-year period; the records of the 44 dogs and 27 cats with follow-up information up to time of bony union were evaluated. The results were good or excellent in 66 of 71 animals (93%). The mean follow-up period was 22 months. Distal pin migration was the major complication (10 animals; 14%). The pin migrated before bony union in 2 animals because of instability and collapse at the fracture site. The pin migrated in 8 animals after bony union and was associated with intermittent lameness. In 5 of these, pin removal was performed and the lameness resolved.
Use of cisplatin for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs
Authors: Shapiro Wayne , Fossum Theresa W. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Couto C. Guillermo , Theilen Gordon H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Nineteen dogs were treated for osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. Eleven dogs treated by amputation and adjunctive cisplatin chemotherapy had a significantly longer (P<0.003 ) median survival time of 43 weeks (range, 20 to 108 weeks ) than did 8 dogs whose median survival time was 14.5 weeks (range, 8 to 46 weeks) after amputation alone.
All 11 dogs given cisplatin were evaluated for signs of drug toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded in 9 of11 dogs. Additional toxic effects included gradual decreases in endogenous creatinine clearance in 3 dogs and thrombocytopenia in 1 dog.
On the basis of prolonged survival times and minimal adverse effects, we concluded that cisplatin has promise as an effective and relatively nontoxic agent, when combined with amputation, for treatment of dogs with osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton.
Genetic-associated resistance to foot rot in selected Targhee sheep
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Lincoln Stuart D. , Parker Charles F. , South Peter J. , Dahmen Jerome J. , Lane V. Michael 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Three Targhee rams obtained from the Ohio Agricultural and Experimental Station had been identified as foot rot resistant on the basis of results of challenge exposure. In the first breeding trial, when rams were bred to 20 foot rot-susceptible ewes, the percentages of foot rot-resistant offspring from the 3 foot rot-resistant rams were 68, 82, and 100, compared with 55 and 60 for foot rot-resistant off spring from 2 known foot rot-susceptible rams.
In the second year, the foot rot-resistant rams were mated with ewes of unknown foot rot status. The foot rot-resistant status of their lambs was compared with that of range-raised lambs whose parents’ foot rot status was unknown. During the first year, challenge exposure to the disease consisted of confinement of the lambs in moist or wet pens with sheep affected with the naturally acquired disease. This protocol was repeated for lambs born during the second-year breeding trial. In addition, the right front foot of each lamb was inoculated with a broth culture of Bacteroides nodosus. During the second year, when data that included infected feet from all lambs were analyzed, 41% of the progeny of the foot rot-resistant rams and 17% of the offspring of parents of unknown foot rot status were unaffected by the disease. When the B nodosus-inoculated foot was not included in the analysis, however, 61% of the progeny of the foot rot-resistant rams and 29% of the others were unaffected.
The resistance to foot rot undoubtedly is hereditary. The mechanism of resistance may be in the interdigital skin. When the skin is devitalized, or its integrity is destroyed, the resistance to the foot rot organism seems to be overcome.
Effects of gelatin sponge implantation in cancellous bone defects in dogs
Authors: Howard Paul E. , Wilson James W. , Ribble Gail A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Reports from oral surgeons suggested that packing bone defects with cellulose or collagen stimulated cancellous bone replacement. The study reported here was designed to evaluate a similar method for augmenting the remodeling of cancellous bone defects and graft donor sites. Gelatin sponge was implanted into bony defects created in the proximal humeral metaphysis of 5 adult Beagles after collection of cancellous bone. A similar defect created in the contralateral humerus was left unpacked. Four months after creation of the defect, the dogs were euthanatized, and the surgical sites were evaluated by use of correlated microradiographic and histologic examination. Unpacked sites had filled completely with loosely woven trabecular bone. Remodeling had not taken place in sites packed with gelatin sponge. Gelatin sponge did not elicit any reaction in the surrounding bone, but remained in situ and obstructed new bone formation. Gelatin sponge blocked rather than augmented cancellous bone replacement.
Scrotal circumference measurements on young Holstein bulls
Authors: Hueston William D. , Monke Donald R. , Milburn Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Scrotal circumference was measured on all young Holstein bulls entering an artificial insemination center over a 57-month period. A total of 3,008 measurements were taken on 723 bulls between the ages of 5 and 18 months. Mean scrotal circumference, standard deviation, and 10th and 25th percentile statistics were calculated for each one-month interval between 5 and 18 months of age. Scrotal circumference increased as a logarithmic junction of age and was best described by a quadratic regression equation. This information provides the veterinary practitioner with indices for normal scrotal circumference measurements for young Holstein bulls, and an estimate of the scrotal circumference growth curve.
Efficacy of clorsulon against Fascioloides magna infection in sheep
Authors: Conboy G. A. , Stromberg B. E. , Schlotthauer J. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In a study to evaluate the efficacy of clorsulon against Fascioloides magna infection in sheep, 12 ewes were inoculated orally with 100 metacercariae of F magna, and 6 were treated with clorsulon (15 mg/kg of body weight) 8 weeks after inoculation. The sheep were euthanatized 16 weeks after inoculation, flukes were recovered, and the liver and other tissues were subjectively scored for the severity of lesions (0 to 4 + ). The number of flukes recovered from the clorsulon-treated group (3.8 ± 1.2 flukes) was significantly (P = 0.025) lower than the number of flukes recovered from the group of untreated controls (10.0 ± 6.6 flukes). The severity of lesions was significantly (P = 0.004) reduced (45.9%) in the treated group (2.0 ± 1.1), compared with that in the untreated controls (3.7±0.5). In the untreated group, 3 sheep died and 1 became moribund 14 to 16 weeks after inoculation. The data suggested that a single treatment with clorsulon at a dosage of 15 mg/kg 8 weeks after inoculation was not effective in preventing F magna infection in sheep, because the survival of only a few F magna is potentially fatal in sheep within 6 months after infection.
Minimal herd sample size for determination of blood copper status of cattle
Authors: Tanner D. Q. , Stednick J. D. , Leininger W. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Copper is required by cattle for synthesis of numerous proteins and enzymes. Copper deficiency in cattle results in a variety of signs ranging from weight loss to diarrhea. In the fall of 1984 and 1985, blood samples were collected from 22 cattle herds near Gunnison, Colo. Approximately one third of the herds were classified as copper deficient (ie, mean serum copper concentration <0.6 mg/L). The inherent variability of serum copper concentrations within a herd mandates the determination of the minimal number of cattle to be tested to properly assess the blood copper status of a herd. Coefficients of variation for serum copper concentration were used to calculate a minimal sample size, with a 95% confidence interval for each herd. Minimal sample size ranged from 3 to 55 cattle/herd (ie, 1 to 22% of the herd); this finding suggested that the usual procedure of testing 10% of the herd may be inappropriate.
Comparison of serologic tests for detection of antigen in canine heartworm infections
Authors: Brunner Cindy J. , Hendrix Charles M. , Blagburn Byron L. , Hanrahan Lynn A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In 30 random-source dogs, we determined sensitivity and specificity of 5 serologic tests for detection of canine heartworm antigens. Seventeen of the dogs were infected naturally with adult Dirofilaria immitis, and 4 of the infected dogs were amicrofilaremic. The ability of the serologic tests to predict whether a dog was infected or uninfected (overall test accuracy) ranged from 73 to 97%. Sensitivity was not affected by circulating D immitis microfilariae, but was markedly influenced by the number of adult D immitis present. False-positive reactions were rare and were not associated with intestinal parasites or Dipetalonema reconditum microfilariae. Modifications of some of the test procedures were necessary to maximize test accuracy and reproducibility. These modifications and other technical details might limit the usefulness of some of the tests in a veterinary practice.
Induction of estrus in Greyhound bitches with prolonged idiopathic anestrus or with suppression of estrus after testosterone administration
Authors: Moses David L. , Shille Victor M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twelve anestrous adult Greyhound bitches were used to study a regimen for induction of estrus. Once daily, 7 bitches were given diethylstilbestrol (des; 5 mg, po) until sanguineous vaginal discharge and vulvar edema were observed (designated as day 1 of proestrus) and for 2 days thereafter. If no response was elicited after 7 days, a doubled des dose was given for up to an additional 7 days. Luteinizing hormone (5 mg, im) was given on day 5 of proestrus, and follicle-stimulating hormone (10 mg, im) was given on days 9 and 11 of proestrus. Bitches were bred once on day 13. Five bitches were used as a control group; they were given candy tablets for 7 days (first day on tablets, treatment day 1) and 0.9% NaCl (1.0 ml, im) on treatment days 12, 16, and 18.
The 7 bitches treated with des had a mean proestrus period of 7.7 days and a mean estrus period of 5.7 days up to the day of mating. After mating, they had a mean gestation interval of 64 days and delivered a mean of 4 pups/litter. In 5 bitches, initial treatment with 5 mg of DES/day induced proestrus within 7 days; however, in 2 bitches, additional treatment with 10 mg of DES/day was needed for 5 and 6 days, respectively. Serum estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations remained at base line during the period of des treatment. Concentrations of both hormones increased after injection with luteinizing hormone and remained high for the next 4 days. Serum estradiol-17β concentrations decreased to base line after the first dosing of follicle-stimulating hormone, but progesterone values continued to increase to the last day of sampling. Bitches in the control group had no signs of sexual activity, and the serum concentrations of their ovarian hormones remained at base line.
Increasing halothane concentration abolishes anesthesia-associated arrhythmias in cats and dogs
Authors: Muir William W. , Hubbell John A. E. , Flaherty Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifteen cats and 6 dogs developed ventricular arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. Halothane was administered by precision vaporizer, using a semi-closed anesthetic system. Cardiac arrhythmias were diagnosed within 5 to 10 minutes after a surgical plane of anesthesia was achieved. Arrhythmias in 9 of 15 cats and 3 of 6 dogs were converted to sinus rhythm by increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred within 4 minutes. Cardiac arrhythmias were reestablished in 8 of 9 cats and 2 of 3 dogs, after decreasing the inspired halothane concentration to its original value. Increasing the inspired halothane concentration can convert anesthetic-associated ventricular arrhythmias to sinus rhythm in dogs and cats.
Results of thoracic duct ligation in dogs with chylothorax
Authors: Birchard Stephen J. , Smeak Daniel D. , Fossum Theresa W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thoracic duct lymphangiography and ligation were done on 15 dogs with idiopathic chylothorax. Lymphangiography revealed thoracic lymphangiectasia in all dogs; none had a thorocic duct rupture. Lymphangiography immediately after ligation demonstrated missed branches of the thoracic duct in 4 of the 15 dogs.
Eleven of the 15 dogs are alive and doing well. Eight of the 11 had no radiographic or clinical signs of pleural effusion (mean follow-up, 31.5 months; range, 4 to 75 months). The other 3 living dogs had persistent effusion; 2 were successfully managed with a pleuroperitoneal shunt (follow-up, 15 months) or pleurodesis (follow-up, 5 months), respectively, and 1 was not treated because the effusion was mild and the dog did not have clinical signs of disease (follow-up, 14 months). Four of the 15 dogs died or were euthanatized because of persistent effusion (mean follow-up, 11.5 months; range, 3 to 24 months).
Considering the lack of treatment alternatives for dogs with idiopathic chylothorax, these results support thoracic duct ligation as a treatment method for dogs.
Thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism in cats: 14 cases (1981–1986)
Authors: Turrel Jane M. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Cain Gary R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 14 hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively regarding historical, physical, laboratory, and thyroid scintiscan findings, treatment, and treatment outcome. Breed predilection was not detected, and older castrated male cats were most commonly affected. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and anorexia. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, palpable cervical mass, hyperactivity, cardiac murmur, and abnormal coat. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations and high serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperglycemia were noticed less frequently. The most common thyroid scintiscan findings were multiple nodular areas of high radionuclide uptake in the cervical region, thoracic inlet, and cranial mediastinum. The most common morphologic diagnosis was mixed compact and follicular carcinoma, with follicular and papillary carcinomas being less common. Most cats responded well to treatment of the thyroid tumor, with rapid resolution of the historical and physical examination findings. The most common necropsy findings were local tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastases, cardiomyopathy, and interstitial nephritis.
Reirradiation of tumors in cats and dogs
Authors: Turrel Jane M. , Théon Alain P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifty-one cats and dogs with tumor recurrence after irradiation were treated with a second course of radiotherapy, using either teletherapy or brachytherapy. Eighty-six percent of the tumors had partial or complete response at 2 months after reirradiation. Tumor response was significantly (P = 0.041) affected when the interval between the 2 courses of irradiation was >5 months. The estimated local tumor control rate was 38% at 1 year after reirradiation. Of all the factors examined, complete response at 2 months, reirradiation field size ≤ 10 cm2, and reirradiation dose >40 gray emerged as predictors of local tumor control.
The estimated overall survival rate was 47% at 2 years. Tumor location had a significant (P = 0.001) influence on overall survival; animals with cutaneous tumors had the longest survival times, and those with oral tumors had the shortest survival times. The other significant (P = 0.001) factor affecting overall survival time was the field size of the reirradiated site.
Estimated survival time after reirradiation was 41% at 1 year. Favorable prognostic indicators were complete response at 2 months and location of tumor; animals with skin tumors had a favorable prognosis.
The acute effects of reirradiation on normal tissues were acceptable, but 12% of the animals had severe delayed complications. Significant risk of complications after reirradiation was associated with squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.015) and reirradiated field size >30 cm2 (P = 0.056). When the interval between irradiations was >5 months, the risk of complications was significantly (P = 0.022) lower.
Tumor response, tumor control, overall survival time, and survival time after reirradiation were not affected by the remaining analyzed variables of species, age, sex, intervening tumor treatment, initial irradiation dose, and method of reirradiation.