bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADRC‐SMC‐based disturbance rejection depth‐tracking control of underactuated AUV
Authors: Liu Chuan , Xiang Xianbo , Duan Yu , Yang Lichun , Yang Shaolong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) depth‐tracking approach is presented in this research along with comparative field experiments. First, a model‐free ADRC‐SMC pitch autopilot method is proposed to eliminate dynamics‐related disturbances. The active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework is adopted to compensate the complicated and unknown pitch dynamics into an approximate integral series type. Sliding mode control (SMC) feedback law is designed to further compensate for dynamic feedback linearization inaccuracy of the ADRC framework. Second, the disturbance rejection double‐loop depth‐tracking approach is suggested in conjunction with adaptive line‐of‐sight (ALOS), which converts depth tracking into pitch tracking. The ALOS not only estimates the actual angle of attack but also compensates the pitch‐tracking inaccuracy from the ADRC‐SMC in the inner loop. Then, the uniformly semiglobally exponential stability of the closed‐loop depth controller is proved after a detailed analysis of the stability from the inner loop to the outer loop. Finally, comparative field experiments are conducted to verify the proposed method. The effectiveness and strong disturbance rejection capabilities of the ADRC‐SMC pitch autopilot method and the suggested depth‐tracking approach are demonstrated by experimental results.
Introducing machine‐learning‐based data fusion methods for analyzing multimodal data: An application of measuring trustworthiness of microenterprises
Authors: Luo Xueming , Jia Nan , Ouyang Erya , Fang Zheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryMultimodal data, comprising interdependent unstructured text, image, and audio data that collectively characterize the same source, with video being a prominent example, offer a wealth of information for strategy researchers. We emphasize the theoretical importance of capturing the interdependencies between different modalities when evaluating multimodal data. To automate the analysis of video data, we introduce advanced deep machine learning and data fusion methods that comprehensively account for all intra‐ and inter‐modality interdependencies. Through an empirical demonstration focused on measuring the trustworthiness of grassroots sellers in live streaming commerce on Tik Tok, we highlight the crucial role of interpersonal interactions in the business success of microenterprises. We provide access to our data and algorithms to facilitate data fusion in strategy research that relies on multimodal data.Managerial SummaryOur study highlights the vital role of both verbal and nonverbal communication in attaining strategic objectives. Through the analysis of multimodal data—incorporating text, images, and audio—we demonstrate the essential nature of interpersonal interactions in bolstering trustworthiness, thus facilitating the success of microenterprises. Leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, such as data fusion for multimodal data and explainable artificial intelligence, we notably enhance predictive accuracy and theoretical interpretability in assessing trustworthiness. By bridging strategic research with cutting‐edge computational techniques, we provide practitioners with actionable strategies for enhancing communication effectiveness and fostering trust‐based relationships. Access our data and code for further exploration.
Secure, light‐weight and dynamic PUF‐based mutual device authentication mechanism in industrial IoT networks
Authors: Jain Usha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSecurity, a fundamental concern in the design and implementation of industrial Internet‐of‐Things (IIoT) networks, can be addressed through an effective authentication mechanism. Because the devices' battery, CPU, and memory are finite resources, any method designed for the IIoT must be resource sensitive. Our paper discussed a mechanism for device mutual authentication in IIoT networks that is adaptable, lightweight, safe, and efficient. In the proposed mechanism, the devices receive a primary secret value and physical unclonable function‐challenge/response pair (PUF‐CRPs) from the server and employ these values to authenticate one another. Later, IIoT devices requests server to update PUF‐CRPs for future communication We employed one‐way hash function, concatenation operation, XOR operation, and PUF‐CRPs to take into account the resource constraints of the devices. It has been established that the proposed mechanism is immune to well‐known attacks after it has undergone a formal evaluation for safety through BAN logic, and automatic validation through AVISPA and ProVerif tools. Comparative evaluation of the existing mechanisms and the proposed mechanism demonstrated that our proposed mechanism is superior to existing mechanisms, and its experimental study revealed that it uses 28% less energy. Our proposed mechanism is more secure and effective in terms of computing, communication, and storage overheads.
Fucoxanthin induces human melanoma cytotoxicity by thwarting the JAK2/STAT3/BCL‐xL signaling axis
Authors: Kuo Min‐Yung , Dai Wen‐Chyi , Chang Jie‐Li , Chang Jo‐Shu , Lee Tse‐Min , Chang Chia‐Che 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMelanoma is the most lethal skin malignancy. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid with significant anticancer activities. Intriguingly, Fucoxanthin's impact on human melanoma remains elusive. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) represents a promising target in cancer therapy due to its persistent activation in various cancers, including melanoma. Herein, we revealed that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic to human melanoma cell lines A2758 and A375 while showing limited cytotoxicity to normal human melanocytes. Apoptosis is a primary reason for Fucoxanthin's melanoma cytotoxicity, as the pan‐caspase inhibitor z‐VAD‐fmk drastically abrogated Fucoxanthin‐elicited clonogenicity blockage. Besides, Fucoxanthin downregulated tyrosine 705‐phosphorylated STAT3 (p‐STAT3 (Y705)), either inherently present in melanoma cells or inducible by interleukin 6 (IL‐6) stimulation. Notably, ectopic expression of STAT3‐C, a dominant‐active STAT3 mutant, abolished Fucoxanthin‐elicited melanoma cell apoptosis and clonogenicity inhibition, supporting the pivotal role of STAT3 blockage in Fucoxanthin's melanoma cytotoxicity. Moreover, Fucoxanthin lowered BCL‐xL levels by blocking STAT3 activation, while ectopic BCL‐xL expression rescued melanoma cells from Fucoxanthin‐induced killing. Lastly, Fucoxanthin was found to diminish the levels of JAK2 with dual phosphorylation at tyrosine residues 1007 and 1008 in melanoma cells, suggesting that Fucoxanthin impairs STAT3 signaling by blocking JAK2 activation. Collectively, we present the first evidence that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic selectively against human melanoma cells while sparing normal melanocytes. Mechanistically, Fucoxanthin targets the JAK2/STAT3/BCL‐xL antiapoptotic axis to provoke melanoma cell death. This discovery implicates the potential application of Fucoxanthin as a chemopreventive or therapeutic strategy for melanoma management.
Repositioning Differentiation Time as Literacy Acceleration Time
Authors: Walpole Sharon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this invited Viewpoint, Sharon Walpole tracks her thinking about feasible, effective, small‐group differentiated instruction. She acknowledges political pressures and the focus on science of reading. She describes the attractiveness and feasibility of guided reading. She then identifies some salient criticisms of the assessments, texts, and instructional model used in guided reading. Finally, she proposes a different use of small‐group time to provide feasible differentiated instruction in foundational skills for students who need them. She invites teachers to investigate the utility of repurposed differentiated small‐group time to accelerate literacy achievement.
Biofilms on plastic litter in an urban river: Community composition and activity vary by substrate type
Authors: Lazcano Raúl F. , Kelly John J. , Hoellein Timothy J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn aquatic ecosystems, plastic litter is a substrate for biofilms. Biofilms on plastic and natural surfaces share similar composition and activity, with some differences due to factors such as porosity. In freshwaters, most studies have examined biofilms on benthic substrates, while little research has compared the activity and composition of biofilms on buoyant plastic and natural surfaces. Additionally, the influence of substrate size and successional stage on biofilm composition has not been commonly assessed. We incubated three plastics of distinct textures that are buoyant in rivers, low‐density polyethylene (rigid; 1.7 mm thick), low‐density polyethylene film (flexible; 0.0254 mm thick), and foamed polystyrene (brittle; 6.5 mm thick), as well as wood substrates (untreated oak veneer; 0.6 mm thick) in the Chicago River. Each material was incubated at three sizes (1, 7.5, and 15 cm2). Substrates were incubated at 2–10 cm depths and removed weekly for 6 weeks. On each substrate we measured chlorophyll concentration, biofilm biomass, respiration, and flux of nitrogen gas. We sequenced 16S and 23S rRNA genes at Weeks 1, 3, and 6 to capture biofilm community composition across successional stages. Chlorophyll, biomass, and N2 flux were similar across substrates, but respiration was greater on wood than plastics. Bacterial and algal richness and diversity were highest on foam and wood compared to polyethylene substrates. Bacterial biofilm community composition was distinct between wood and plastic substrates, while the algal community was distinct on wood and foam, which were different from each other and polyethylene substrates. These results indicate that polymer properties influence biofilm alpha and beta diversity, which may affect transport and distribution of plastic pollution and associated microbes, as well as biogeochemical processes in urban rivers. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of substrate on biofilm characteristics, and the ecological impacts of plastic pollution on urban rivers.Practitioner Points
Plastic physical and chemical properties act as forces of selection for biofilm.
Biofilm activity was similar among three different types of plastic.
Community composition between plastic and wood was different.
Beyond reader proteins: RNA binding proteins and RNA modifications in conversation to regulate gene expression
Authors: Fagre Christian , Gilbert Wendy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPost‐transcriptional mRNA modifications play diverse roles in gene expression and RNA function. In many cases, RNA modifications function by altering how cellular machinery such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) interact with RNA substrates. For instance, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is recognized by the well‐characterized YTH domain‐containing family of “reader” proteins. For other mRNA modifications, similar global readers of modification status have not been clearly defined. Rather, most interactions between RBPs and RNA modifications have a more complicated dependence on sequence context and binding modality. The current handful of studies that demonstrate modifications impacting protein binding likely represent only a fraction of the full landscape. In this review, we dissect the known instances of RNA modifications altering RBP binding, specifically m6A, N1‐methyladenosine (m1A), 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), pseudouridine (Ψ), and internal N7‐methylguanosine. We then review the biochemical properties of these and other identified mRNA modifications including dihydrouridine (D), N4‐acetylcytosine (ac4C), and 2′‐O‐Methylation (Nme). We focus on how these properties would be likely to impact RNA:RBP interactions, including by changes to hydrogen bond potential, base‐stacking efficiency, and RNA conformational preferences. The effects of RNA modifications on secondary structure have been well‐studied, and we briefly discuss how structural effects imparted by modifications can lead to protein binding changes. Finally, we discuss strategies for uncovering as‐yet‐to‐be identified modification‐sensitive RBP:RNA Interactions. Coordinating future efforts to intersect the epitranscriptome and the RNA–protein interactome will illuminate the rules governing RNA modification recognition and the mechanisms responsible for the biological consequences of mRNA modification.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Variable thermal conductivity in context of Green‐Naghdi theory of thermo‐microstretch solids
Authors: Ailawalia Praveen , Priyanka  , Marin Marin , Altenbach Holm 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present work aims to study the influence of variable thermal conductivity in generalized thermoelastic solid with microstretch within the framework of the Green‐Naghdi theory. The analytical methodology is adopted for obtaining exact expressions of displacement components, stresses, couple stresses, micro stress distribution and temperature distribution. The effect of variable thermal conductivity is illustrated graphically in two and three dimensions for the above physical quantities by taking different values of thermal conductivity.
Fixing Rising Price Paths for Fossil Energy: Basis of a “Green Growth” without Rebound Effects
Authors: Schulmeister Stephan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transformation towards a zero-carbon economy requires a comprehensive renovation of the capital stock. This chapter proposes a system of effective carbon pricing that avoids the rebound effects of the related (transitory) “green growth” on carbon emissions. Technically, a system of effective carbon pricing could easily be implemented: a group of countries like the EU, or the biggest carbon emitters as “China-US-EU climate club” or a “Mercosur climate club” sets a path of steadily rising prices of crude oil, coal, and natural gas by skimming off the difference between the target price and the respective world market price through a flexible quantity tax.
Ernährung als Aufgabe der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge?
Authors: Schanz Heiner , Sipple David 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungBisher betrachten nur wenige Kommunen in Deutschland den Ernährungsbereich als Teil ihres kommunalen Wirkungsfeldes. Dabei reichen die Aufgaben von Städten und Gemeinden, beispielsweise im Bereich der öffentlichen Beschaffung, durchaus in ernährungsrelevante Bereiche hinein. Dieser Beitrag zeigt zunächst auf, welche kommunalen Wirkungsfelder im Bereich der Ernährung bereits heute bestehen. Dann wird Ernährung im Kontext der kommunalen Daseinsvorsore betrachtet. Dies erfolgt auch anhand zweier illustrativer Beispiele aus der kommunalen Praxis. Angesichts des Strukturwandels der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft, der zunehmenden negativen ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Auswirkungen des Ernährungsbereiches, sowie Fragen der Ernährungssicherheit auf lokaler Ebene, diskutiert der Beitrag Ernährung als potenzielle Aufgabe der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge.
Steuerbarkeit des Ernährungssystems durch Kommunalpolitik und -verwaltung
Authors: Sipple David , Wiek Arnim , McRae Sophia 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungAuf kommunaler Ebene gibt es einen ordnungspolitischen Rahmen, der eine gewisse Steuerung der nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Ernährungssystemen erlaubt. So verfügen Kommunen über regulierende, ökonomische, kooperative und informative Instrumente, um die nachhaltige Entwicklung der lokalen Ernährungswirtschaft und damit ein zentrales Element der Ernährungswende voranzutreiben. Dieser Steuerungsrahmen und die entsprechenden Instrumente sind bisher wenig erforscht und systematisch erfasst. Dieser Beitrag vergleicht die aktuelle Forschung zum Thema und identifiziert bestehende Lücken. Darauf aufbauend wird eine systematische Erfassung von kommunalen Instrumenten zur Stärkung der lokalen nachhaltigen Ernährungswirtschaft vorgestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Überblick zu Herausforderungen und Grenzen kommunaler Steuerbarkeit der Ernährungswende, sowie dem weiteren Forschungs- und Schulungsbedarf zu diesem Thema.
Perspektiven der nachhaltigen Gestaltung des lokalen Ernährungssystems durch Kommunalpolitik und -verwaltung
Authors: Sipple David , Wiek Arnim , Schanz Heiner 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungKommunalpolitik und -verwaltung wenden sich vermehrt der nachhaltigen Gestaltung des lokalen Ernährungssystems und der lokalen Ernährungswirtschaft zu. In diesem Kapitel geht es darum, die geschichtliche Entwicklung dahinter zu skizzieren und zusammenfassend die Frage zu beantworten, welche Spielräume und Instrumente dafür gegenwärtig zur Verfügung stehen. Abschließend wird der weitere Handlungs- und Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt.
Domain-wall Skyrmion phase in a rapidly rotating QCD matter
Authors: Eto Minoru , Nishimura Kentaro , Nitta Muneto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on the chiral perturbation theory at the leading order, we show a signal of the presence of a new phase in rapidly rotating QCD matter with two flavors, that is a domain-wall Skyrmion phase. Based on the chiral Lagrangian with a Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term responsible for the chiral anomaly and chiral vortical effect, it was shown that the ground state is a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) consisting of a stack of η-solitons in a high density region under rapid rotation. In a large parameter region, a single η-soliton decays into a pair of non-Abelian solitons, each of which carries SU(2)V/U(1) ≃ ℂP1 ≃ S2 moduli as a consequence of the spontaneously broken vector symmetry SU(2)V. In such a non-Abelian CSL, we construct the effective world-volume theory of a single non-Abelian soliton to obtain a d = 2 + 1 dimensional ℂP1 model with a topological term originated from the WZW term. We show that when the chemical potential is larger than a critical value, a topological lump supported by the second homotopy group π2(S2) ≃ ℤ has negative energy and is spontaneously created, implying the domain-wall Skyrmion phase. This lump corresponds in the bulk to a Skyrmion supported by the third homotopy group π3[SU(2)] ≃ ℤ carrying a baryon number. This composite state is called a domain-wall Skyrmion, and is stable even in the absence of the Skyrme term. An analytic formula for the effective nucleon mass in this medium can be written only in terms of the meson’s constants as $$ 4\sqrt{2}\pi {f}_{\pi }{f}_{\eta }/{m}_{\pi}\sim 1.21 $$
4

2

π

f
π

f
η

/

m
π

~
1.21
GeV with the decay constants fπ and fη of the pions and η meson, respectively, and the pion mass mπ. This is reasonably heavier than the nucleon mass in the QCD vacuum.
Holographic Euclidean thermal correlator
Authors: He Song , Li Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we compute holographic Euclidean thermal correlators of the stress tensor and U(1) current from the AdS planar black hole. To this end, we set up perturbative boundary value problems for Einstein’s gravity and Maxwell theory in the spirit of Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov-Witten, with appropriate gauge fixing and regularity boundary conditions at the horizon of the black hole. The linearized Einstein equation and Maxwell equation in the black hole background are related to the Heun equation of degenerate local monodromy. Leveraging the connection relation of local solutions of the Heun equation, we partly solve the boundary value problem and obtain exact two-point thermal correlators for U(1) current and stress tensor in the scalar and shear channels.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 3 conformal superspace in four dimensions
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Raptakis Emmanouil S. N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We develop a superspace formulation for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 conformal supergravity in four spacetime dimensions as a gauge theory of the superconformal group SU(2, 2|3). Upon imposing certain covariant constraints, the algebra of conformally covariant derivatives $$ {\nabla}_A=\left({\nabla}_a,{\nabla}_{\alpha}^i,{\nabla}_i^{\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }}\right) $$

∇
A

=

∇
a

∇
α
i

∇
i

α
⋅

is shown to be determined in terms of a single primary chiral spinor superfield, the super-Weyl spinor Wα of dimension +1/2 and its conjugate. Associated with Wα is its primary descendant Bij of dimension +2, the super-Bach tensor, which determines the equation of motion for conformal supergravity. As an application of this construction, we present two different but equivalent action principles for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 conformal supergravity. We describe the model for linearised $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 conformal supergravity in an arbitrary conformally flat background and demonstrate that it possesses U(1) duality invariance. Additionally, upon degauging certain local symmetries, our superspace geometry is shown to reduce to the U(3) superspace constructed by Howe more than four decades ago. Further degauging proves to lead to a new superspace formalism, called SU(3) superspace, which can also be used to describe $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 conformal supergravity. Our conformal superspace setting opens up the possibility to formulate the dynamics of the off-shell $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 super Yang-Mills theory coupled to conformal supergravity.
Japanese honey bees (Apis cerana japonica) have swarmed more often over the last two decades
Authors: Morii Kiyohito , Sakamoto Yoshiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impacts of temperature increase are a concern for honey bees, which are major pollinators of crops and wild plants. Swarming is the reproductive behavior of honey bees that increases colony numbers. Honey bee colonies sometimes swarm multiple times, with each swarming termed a “swarming event” and a series of these events called a “swarming cycle.” The number of swarming events per swarming cycle varies widely depending on climatic conditions and subspecies, and the recent temperature increase due to global warming might be affecting the number of swarming events per swarming cycle of native honey bees. We clarified long-term changes in the number of swarming events per swarming cycle of Japanese honey bees (Apis cerana japonica) by collecting beekeepers’ swarming logbooks. The survey showed that between 2000 and 2022, Japanese honey bees swarmed 1 to 8 times per swarming cycle. Generalized linear model analysis indicated that year had a significant positive effect (coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.04); that is, the number of swarming events per swarming cycle showed a moderate increase over time. In addition, we found that colonies swarmed more often in a cycle when the swarming process began in early spring, especially in March. Considering the notably strong trend in Japan of warmer temperatures in March, the number of swarming events per swarming cycle may be increasing because reproduction is beginning earlier in the year. Further analyses are needed to verify the causal relationship of temperature increase on the number of swarming events per swarming cycle.