bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A temporal evaluation of respirable crystalline silica exposure for construction tasks
Authors: Cothern Emily J , Autenrieth Daniel A , Brazile William J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Personal air monitoring using a TSI SidePak AM520 personal aerosol monitor was performed on a northern Colorado construction site during five tasks from the OSHA Table 1: Specified Exposure Control Methods When Working With Materials Containing Crystalline Silica to estimate silica dust concentrations in real time. Photometric measurements were modified using a gravimetric correction factor and a % respirable crystalline silica adjustment. Each task was sampled once; sample time ranged from 14 min to 40 min, with a mean sample time of 27 min. The mean silica dust concentration estimates (μg/m3) (standard deviation [SD]) for the five tasks computed from the TSI SidePak AM520 respirable dust measurements were core drilling 12 μg/m3 [2.46], grinding 918 μg/m3 [1134.08], cutting with a walk-behind saw 36 μg/m3 [79.67], jackhammering 27 μg/m3 [23.24], and dowel drilling 66 μg/m3 [77.65]. Silica exposure estimates from real-time monitoring can be used to identify exposures that may be related to inadequate controls or worker behaviors that contribute to peak exposures. Respirable crystalline silica exposure estimates presented here are likely not generalizable to other construction sites or tasks.
PySNV for complex intra-host variation detection
Authors: Li Liandong , Fu Haoyi , Ma Wentai , Li Mingkun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotivationIntra-host variants refer to genetic variations or mutations that occur within an individual host organism. These variants are typically studied in the context of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens to understand the evolution of pathogens. Moreover, intra-host variants are also explored in the field of tumor biology and mitochondrial biology to characterize somatic mutations and inherited heteroplasmic mutations. Intra-host variants can involve long insertions, deletions, and combinations of different mutation types, which poses challenges in their identification. The performance of current methods in detecting of complex intra-host variants is unknown.ResultsFirst, we simulated a dataset comprising 10 samples with 1869 intra-host variants involving various mutation patterns and benchmarked current variant detection software. The results indicated that though current software can detect most variants with F1-scores between 0.76 and 0.97, their performance in detecting long indels and low frequency variants was limited. Thus, we developed a new software, PySNV, for the detection of complex intra-host variations. On the simulated dataset, PySNV successfully detected 1863 variant cases (F1-score: 0.99) and exhibited the highest Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC: 0.99) to the ground truth in predicting variant frequencies. The results demonstrated that PySNV delivered promising performance even for long indels and low frequency variants, while maintaining computational speed comparable to other methods. Finally, we tested its performance on SARS-CoV-2 replicate sequencing data and found that it reported 21% more variants compared to LoFreq, the best-performing benchmarked software, while showing higher consistency (62% over 54%) within replicates. The discrepancies mostly exist in low-depth regions and low frequency variants.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/bnuLyndon/PySNV/.
A Birthmother’s Counter-Story of Racism and Oppression in Children’s Social Work: Carving an Afro-Centric Space for Sawubona in Euro-Centric Social Work Education, Practice, and the Safeguarding System
Authors: Cornish Carlene 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, I ask ‘What are the specific challenges and controversies that birth mothers of ethnic minorities (EM) experience in the safeguarding context’? The aim is to examine safeguarding practices and ascertain how power, racism and gender oppression are understood and experienced by mothers of EMs in social work. The literature highlighted complexities and ethical concerns regarding child protection services with EMs in England. Undertaking qualitative research, a case study approach was used, and purposive sampling was applied to recruit and interview six mothers of EM backgrounds. This article provides an empowering space for Miriam, an Asian mum recounting her lived experiences of statutory social work. Critical theory, critical race theory and intersectionality were the theoretical frameworks, and a framework approach was utilised for data analysis. Key findings revealed the insidious nature of racism, oppression and White dominance, constructing devastating, adversarial work practices that oppressed, excluded, and deprived Miriam. There was an urgent need for change. Drawing on my African heritage, I theorise that the Afro-centric philosophy of Sawubona could make a profound contribution to British social work. Elucidating, ‘I see the whole of you’, the Sawubona practice model illustrates social work values of equality, empathy, dignity, tolerance and respect.
Neuroimmune activation is associated with neurological outcome in anoxic and traumatic coma
Authors: Sarton Benjamine , Tauber Clovis , Fridman Estéban , Péran Patrice , Riu Beatrice , Vinour Hélène , David Adrian , Geeraerts Thomas , Bounes Fanny , Minville Vincent , Delmas Clément , Salabert Anne-Sophie , Albucher Jean François , Bataille Benoit , Olivot Jean Marc , Cariou Alain , Naccache Lionel , Payoux Pierre , Schiff Nicholas , Silva Stein 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The pathophysiological underpinnings of critically disrupted brain connectomes resulting in coma are poorly understood. Inflammation is potentially an important but still undervalued factor. Here, we present a first-in-human prospective study using the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand 18F-DPA714 for PET imaging to allow in vivo neuroimmune activation quantification in patients with coma (n = 17) following either anoxia or traumatic brain injuries in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls.
Our findings yielded novel evidence of an early inflammatory component predominantly located within key cortical and subcortical brain structures that are putatively implicated in consciousness emergence and maintenance after severe brain injury (i.e. mesocircuit and frontoparietal networks). We observed that traumatic and anoxic patients with coma have distinct neuroimmune activation profiles, both in terms of intensity and spatial distribution. Finally, we demonstrated that both the total amount and specific distribution of PET-measurable neuroinflammation within the brain mesocircuit were associated with the patient’s recovery potential.
We suggest that our results can be developed for use both as a new neuroprognostication tool and as a promising biometric to guide future clinical trials targeting glial activity very early after severe brain injury.
Conceptualizing feminist solidarity through resistance in the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement
Authors: Varma Anita , Shaban Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe question of what constitutes solidarity (and what does not) has been a persistent concern for feminist scholars. In this conceptual article, we develop a distinction between superficial feminist solidarity and substantive feminist solidarity, grounded in illustrations of digital resistance during the transnational “Woman, Life, Freedom” feminist movement. The categories of superficial feminist solidarity and substantive feminist solidarity provide a framework for critically distinguishing between the range of actions in the movement and understanding their respective logics, practices, and implications. Superficial feminist solidarity actions may raise awareness, but often do so in the service of building consensus for Western feminism. In contrast, substantive feminist solidarity manifests as anti-colonial praxis that advances demands for social justice through a horizontal dynamic with people subjected to inhumane conditions.
CM-UTC: A Cost-sensitive Matrix based Method for Unknown Encrypted Traffic Classification
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Li Jinguo , Wang Liangliang , He Yin , Yuan Peichun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Deep learning has been widely adopted in the field of network traffic classification due to its unique advantages in handling encrypted network traffic. However, most existing deep learning models can only classify known encrypted traffic that has been sampled and labeled. In this paper, we propose CM-UTC, a cost-sensitive matrix-based method for classifying unknown encrypted traffic. CM-UTC explores the probability distribution of the DNN output layer to filter out the unknown classes and further designs a cost-sensitive matrix to address the class imbalance problem. Additionally, we propose the utilization of the Harris Hawk optimization algorithm to modify the model parameters and improve its performance. The experiments are validated on two different datasets, and the results demonstrate that CM-UTC not only outperforms existing methods in terms of overall performance but also exhibits superior capability in correctly identifying samples from the minority class.
Ecology and social behavior of the tamarisk gerbil Meriones tamariscinus: insights from long-term research in the wild and semi-natural environments
Authors: Gromov Vladimir S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present review provides a compilation of the published data on the ecology and social behavior of tamarisk gerbils. Both field studies and direct observations under semi-natural conditions provide evidence that the tamarisk gerbil is a nocturnal herbivorous rodent that lives in highly seasonal habitats and displays seasonal fluctuations in reproduction and spatial organization. A typical feature of the tamarisk gerbils’ spatial organization is higher mobility of males during the breeding season (as compared with the nonbreeding period) and formation of temporary aggregations of males competing for access to receptive females; the composition of these aggregations was variable and depended on the reproductive condition of the females. Females tend to occupy exclusive home ranges irrespective of their reproductive condition. The mating system of the species can be defined as scramble competition polygyny with some features of polygynandry and promiscuity. The tamarisk gerbil has distinct features of a solitary species and its social structure is primarily based on aggressive interactions or mutual avoidance of conspecifics resulting in a dominance hierarchy among males and site-dependent dominance among females during the breeding season. By the end of the breeding season, males become less mobile and occupy nearly exclusive home ranges, consistent with solitary living. The main features of the spatial and social organization of this species, which distinguish it from other solitary rodents, are the higher mobility of males and the formation of temporary multimale–multifemale aggregations during the breeding season. Overall, the data presented expand our understanding of socioecology of gerbils.
Effect of sample length on MLU in Mandarin-speaking hard-of-hearing children
Authors: Chu Chia-Ying , Chen Pei-Hua , Tsai Yi-Shin , Chen Chieh-An , Chan Yi-Chih , Ciou Yan-Jhe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of language sample length on mean length of utterance (MLU) and aimed to determine the minimum number of utterances required for a reliable MLU. Conversations were collected from Mandarin-speaking, hard-of-hearing and typical-hearing children aged 16–81 months. The MLUs were calculated using sample sizes ranging from 25 to 200 utterances. The results showed that for an MLU between 1.0 and 2.5, 25 and 50 utterances were sufficient for reliable MLU calculations for hard-of-hearing and typical-hearing children, respectively. For an MLU between 2.5 and 3.75, 125 utterances were required for both groups. For an MLU greater than 3.75, 150 and 125 utterances were required for hard-of-hearing and typical-hearing children, respectively. These findings suggest that a greater number of utterances are required for a reliable MLU as language complexity increases. Professionals working with hard-of-hearing children should consider collecting different numbers of utterances based on the children’s language complexity levels.
The role of detailed medical history for the early diagnosis of familial bradycardia in a patient with associated atrial fibrillation – case report
Authors: Ciacaru Andreea , Tusa Anna , Magdas Annamaria , Podoleanu Cristian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Bradycardia represents a frequent reason for medical presentation and has a complex etiology, including genetic disorders, like LMNA mutation. LMNA mutation is responsible for laminopathies, including LMNA-cardiomyopathy. Cardiac involvement is prevalent and is linked to dilated cardiomyopathy associated with conduction block, which is anticipated by bradyarrhythmia and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. The LMNA mutation carriers have higher risk for sudden cardiac death, malignant ventricular tachycardia, and extreme bradycardia.

Case summary
A 48-year-old female presented for recurrent episodes of dizziness, lightheadedness, headache and fatigue, occurring at rest. The past medical history was positive for hypertension and one episode of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The family medical history was positive, both children and the patient’s mother are known with bradycardia. The electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia and the echocardiography revealed a mild concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, associated with impaired relaxation diastolic dysfunction. The 24-hour Holter monitoring recorded sinus bradycardia, multiple pauses, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and multiple episodes of junctional rhythm. The positive family medical history suggested a genetic link. Further, genetic testing was performed, revealing a mutation of the LMNA gene.

Discussion
Despite apparently benign at the initial presentation, the correct diagnosis and management required detailed medical history and extensive investigation of both the patient and the first-degree relatives. As the LMNA mutation carriers have a higher risk for sudden cardiac death and have a mortality risk of 40% at 5 years, we emphasize the role of early diagnosis and periodic monitoring for preventing the worsening of the condition.
Artificial intelligence-assisted evaluation of cardiac function by oncology staff in chemotherapy patients
Authors: Papadopoulou Stella-Lida , Dionysopoulos Dimitrios , Mentesidou Vaia , Loga Konstantia , Michalopoulou Stella , Koukoutzeli Chrysanthi , Efthimiadis Konstantinos , Kantartzi Vasiliki , Timotheadou Eleni , Styliadis Ioannis , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Sachpekidis Vasileios 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) calculation by echocardiography is pivotal in evaluating cancer patients’ cardiac function. Artificial intelligence (AI) can facilitate the acquisition of optimal images and automated LVEF (autoEF) calculation. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of LVEF calculation by oncology staff using an AI-enabled handheld ultrasound device (HUD).

Methods and results
We studied 115 patients referred for echocardiographic LVEF estimation. All patients were scanned by a cardiologist using standard echocardiography (SE), and biplane Simpson’s LVEF was the reference standard. Hands-on training using the Kosmos HUD was provided to the oncology staff before the study. Each patient was scanned by a cardiologist, a senior oncologist, an oncology resident, and a nurse using the TRIO AI and KOSMOS EF deep learning algorithms to obtain autoEF. The correlation between autoEF and SE–ejection fraction (EF) was excellent for the cardiologist (r = 0.90), the junior oncologist (r = 0.82), and the nurse (r = 0.84), and good for the senior oncologist (r = 0.79). The Bland–Altman analysis showed a small underestimation by autoEF compared with SE–EF. Detection of impaired LVEF &lt; 50% was feasible with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 94% for the cardiologist; sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93% for the senior oncologist; sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 91% for the junior oncologist; and sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 87% for the nurse.

Conclusion
Automated LVEF calculation by oncology staff was feasible using AI-enabled HUD in a selected patient population. Detection of LVEF &lt; 50% was possible with good accuracy. These findings show the potential to expedite the clinical workflow of cancer patients and speed up a referral when necessary.
The Women4Health cohort: a unique cohort to study women-specific mechanisms of cardio-metabolic regulation
Authors: Busonero Fabio , Lenarduzzi Stefania , Crobu Francesca , Gentile Roberta Marie , Carta Andrea , Cracco Francesco , Maschio Andrea , Camarda Silvia , Marongiu Michele , Zanetti Daniela , Conversano Claudio , Di Lorenzo Giovanni , Mazzà Daniela , De Seta Francesco , Girotto Giorgia , Sanna Serena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Epidemiological research has shown relevant differences between sexes in clinical manifestations, severity, and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. To date, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. Given the rising incidence of such diseases, gender-specific research on established and emerging risk factors, such as dysfunction of glycaemic and/or lipid metabolism, of sex hormones and of gut microbiome, is of paramount importance. The relationships between sex hormones, gut microbiome, and host glycaemic and/or lipid metabolism are largely unknown even in the homoeostasis status. Yet this knowledge gap would be pivotal to pinpoint to key mechanisms that are likely to be disrupted in disease context.

Methods and results
Here we present the Women4Health (W4H) cohort, a unique cohort comprising up to 300 healthy women followed up during a natural menstrual cycle, set up with the primary goal to investigate the combined role of sex hormones and gut microbiota variations in regulating host lipid and glucose metabolism during homoeostasis, using a multi-omics strategy. Additionally, the W4H cohort will take into consideration another ecosystem that is unique to women, the vaginal microbiome, investigating its interaction with gut microbiome and exploring—for the first time—its role in cardiometabolic disorders.

Conclusion
The W4H cohort study lays a foundation for improving current knowledge of women-specific mechanisms in cardiometabolic regulation. It aspires to transform insights on host–microbiota interactions into prevention and therapeutic approaches for personalized health care.
Effects of family support system on the self-management behaviour of patients with T2DM: a multi-centre cross-sectional study in community settings
Authors: Zhu Lan , Pan Zhigang , Shen Fulai , Shen Yi , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China continues to escalate.

Objective
To investigate the impact of family support system on the self-management behaviour of patients with T2DM.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 1,042 participants were sampled using a multistage stratified probability-proportionate-to-size method. On-site interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire administered by 122 family doctors from 13 community health service centres in 8 administrative districts. A structural equation model was established to investigate the impact of individual factors and family support system on the self-management behaviour of T2DM patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0 software.

Results
The self-management behaviour pass rate among individuals with T2DM was 40.9%. In terms of individual factors, those with a high school education level or above demonstrated higher self-management behaviour scores than those with a junior high school education level or lower. The structural equation model revealed a path of interactions among individual factors, family support system-related factors, and the self-management behaviour of patients with T2DM: Family function → Family support → Patients’ self-management behaviour → Quality of life. The coefficient of the direct path from family function to family support was 0.74 (P &lt; 0.001), while the coefficient of the direct path from family support to self-management behaviour was 0.68 (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
There is significant room for improvement in the self-management behaviour of T2DM patients in China. Family function can enhance the self-management behaviour of T2DM patients by promoting family support.
Hypertension Increases Susceptibility to Experimental Malaria in Mice
Authors: Kandalgaonkar Mrunmayee R , Yeoh Beng San , Joe Bina , Schmidt Nathan W , Vijay-Kumar Matam , Saha Piu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Global prevalence of hypertension is on the rise, burdening healthcare, especially in developing countries where infectious diseases, such as malaria, are also rampant. Whether hypertension could predispose or increase susceptibility to malaria, however, has not been extensively explored. Previously, we reported that hypertension is associated with abnormal red blood cell (RBC) physiology and anemia. Since RBC are target host cells for malarial parasite, Plasmodium, we hypothesized that hypertensive patients with abnormal RBC physiology are at greater risk or susceptibility to Plasmodium infection. To test this hypothesis, normotensive (BPN/3J) and hypertensive (BPH/2J) mice were characterized for their RBC physiology and subsequently infected with Plasmodium yoelii (P. yoelii), a murine-specific non-lethal strain. When compared to BPN mice, BPH mice displayed microcytic anemia with RBC highly resistant to osmotic hemolysis. Further, BPH RBC exhibited greater membrane rigidity and an altered lipid composition, as evidenced by higher levels of phospholipids and saturated fatty acid, such as stearate (C18:0), along with lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid like arachidonate (C20:4). Moreover, BPH mice had significantly greater circulating Ter119+ CD71+ reticulocytes, or immature RBC, prone to P. yoelii infection. Upon infection with P. yoelii, BPH mice experienced significant body weight loss accompanied by sustained parasitemia, indices of anemia, and substantial increase in systemic pro-inflammatory mediators, compared to BPN mice, indicating that BPH mice were incompetent to clear P. yoelii infection. Collectively, these data demonstrate that aberrant RBC physiology observed in hypertensive BPH mice contributes to an increased susceptibility to P. yoelii infection and malaria-associated pathology.