bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on power flow congestion relief in cooperation with customer‐side cogeneration systems
Authors: Furusawa Ken , Yanase Kazunori , Sugihara Hideharu , Tsuji Kiichiro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDispersed generation technologies (e.g., gas engines) have greatly advanced in recent years. Gas engines are often operated as the main component of a cogeneration system (CGS). By using exhaust heat, the total efficiency of CGSs can reach from 70% to 80%, and as a result, it is also useful for reductions of CO2 emission. Therefore, CGSs have been given preferential treatment by the Japanese government and their installation and use is expected to become widespread in the future. When customers introduce CGSs, these systems have an influence on the demand profile for electric utilities. On the other hand, CGS operational patterns depend on customers' economic requirements; thus, it is difficult to flexibly change those patterns so that they meaningfully contribute to the electric utility. As a demand response program, the authors proposed a method whereby CGSs at the customer side are used for congestion relief in transmission networks. In the proposed method, the optimal configuration of energy systems including CGSs at the customer side is determined. As well, the optimal operation of the electric utility's generators is also determined taking into account the CGS operation patterns. This paper evaluates both costs to the electric utility and the customers' cost for congestion relief in transmission networks. Further, we evaluate the influence on CO2 emission and primary energy consumption from the viewpoint of a unified energy system with CGSs providing input on a flexible operation pattern. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 30– 40, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20674
A fast market splitting matching method for the spot electric power market
Authors: Sawa Toshiyuki , Nakata Yuji , Tsurugai Mitsuo , Sugiyama Shigenari 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA fast, innovative matching method for the spot power market, considering network constraints, has been developed. In this method, buy and sell order bids are respectively divided into the aggregated volume of several band prices. Then, the aggregated volume and the center of each band price are used to calculate an index band clearing price, which contains the real clearing price. The division and calculation process is iterated until the band price is less than the tick size of the bidding price. This method is applied to a real problem in the Japan power market, with 9 bidding areas, 10 area‐connecting lines, and 9000 orders (volume/price pairs). Numerical simulation results show that the new method is ten times faster than conventional linear programming, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 21–29, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20694
Power system control method using customers' energy storage systems and the verification of proposed method
Authors: Kimura Misao , Hayashi Hideki , Kajihara Toshiyuki , Kato Masakazu , Kouchi Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAdvanced energy storage systems have been widely applied to industries and are being installed at large buildings and factories to realize efficient energy usage. This paper presents a control method involving load frequency control and distribution network control (loss reduction control) using a part of customers' owned battery capacity. When 10% of total battery capacity of 100 MW in a network of 30‐GW generator capacities is used for load frequency control, a total of 1500‐MW generation units for load frequency control, at maximum, can be stopped without deterioration of power quality. In addition, when batteries are used for loss reduction in a distribution network, 2% of the loss on a summer day can be reduced. To realize both effects to their fullest, a novel integrated control algorithm is proposed and its economic effect is evaluated by numerical simulations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 11–20, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20704
Neutral Ti Complexes as Catalysts for the Hydroamination of Alkynes and Alkenes: Do the Labile Ligands Change the Catalytic Activity?
Authors: Gräbe Kerstin , Pohlki Frauke , Doye Sven 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA detailed comparison between three four‐coordinate Ti complexes featuring the general bidentate ligand [η5‐(C5H4)‐SiMe2‐NtBu]2– and two ligands X (NMe2, Me, Cl) as catalyst precursors (I–III) for the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes and the intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes is presented. The results strongly suggest that the catalytically active species are only identical for reactions performed with the bis(dimethylamido) complex I or the dimethyl complex II. Under the reaction conditions, the labile ligands X are proteolytically removed by the reacting amine to form catalytically active imido or amido complexes, together with dimethylamine or methane. Although both catalyst precursors can be used successfully for many substrate combinations, the preparative and kinetic studies clearly indicate that dimethylamine, which is formed from the bis(dimethylamido) catalyst precursor I and the reacting amine, is able to convert the catalytically active imido or amido complexes back into the catalyst precursor and therefore inhibits the reactions. As a consequence, the bis(dimethylamido) catalyst precursor I shows a poorer catalytic performance than the corresponding dimethyl complex II. Additionally, it is shown that the dichloro complex III is only a suitable catalyst precursor for selected hydroamination reactions. Corresponding reactions that are more difficult to achieve – such as reactions of diarylalkynes or amino alkenes – do not work efficiently with this complex. A possible explanation for this observation is the finding that the dichloro catalyst precursor III is obviously converted into a different catalytically active species. This can happen if the [η5‐(C5H4)‐SiMe2‐NtBu]‐ligand system of the catalyst precursor is being destroyed and removed from the Ti center under the reaction conditions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Molecular Recognition Properties of a Charge‐Transfer Host System Composed of 10,10′‐Dihydroxy‐9,9′‐biphenanthryl and Viologen Derivatives
Authors: Imai Yoshitane , Kamon Kensaku , Kido Shingo , Sato Tomohiro , Tajima Nobuo , Kuroda Reiko , Matsubara Yoshio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA charge‐transfer (CT) complex composed of racemic rac‐10,10′‐dihydroxy‐9,9′‐biphenanthryl as the electron‐donor and the diquaternary derivative of 4,4′‐bipyridinium (viologen) as the electron‐acceptor has been formed by the inclusion of guest molecules. The color and diffuse reflectance spectra of this inclusion CT complex are sensitive to the guest molecules, and their properties can be tuned by changing the component viologen derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Identification of optimal poultry litter biorefinery location in Alabama through minimization of feedstock transportation cost
Authors: Aksoy Burak , Cullinan Harry T. , Sammons Norman E. , Eden Mario R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe estimated amount of poultry litter produced annually in Alabama is more than 1,250,000 tons. This large amount results in significant litter management challenges. Currently, poultry producers are facing many regulatory issues and challenges with respect to environmental impacts of litter management. Commercialization and implementation of environmentally benign biorefinery technologies have the potential to generate electric power (including on‐site power) and heat as well as transportation fuels, hydrogen, valuable chemicals, and fertilizer from poultry litter economically while addressing environmental problems caused by traditional disposal practices.In this study, poultry litter generated annually in northern and southern Alabama was documented on the basis of published literature, and transportation cost of poultry litter is minimized for both north and south Alabama by the selection of the best large‐scale biorefining facility location and optimal feedstock allocation using mathematical optimization techniques. The available portion of the existing poultry litter feedstock for a large scale biorefinery is found to be an important factor in determining transportation cost. Transportation cost increases several fold as the local feedstock availability for biorefining reduces from 100 to 50%. Optimum facility locations for both north and south Alabama were found within a 10 mile radius for three different poultry litter feedstock availabilities. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Production of renewable bioproducts and reduction of phosphate pollution through the lime pretreatment and acidogenic digestion of dairy manure
Authors: Blackman Erin D. , van Walsum G. Peter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAcidogenic digestion with lime pretreatment was proposed as a means of reducing soluble reactive phosphorous concentrations in dairy cow manure while producing calcium carboxylate salts as a chemical platform for production of fuels and chemicals via the MixAlco Process. When concentrated in small geographic areas, large dairy operations can have environmentally harmful impacts on their watersheds, due to excess nutrients causing eutrophication of local water bodies. In Central Texas, as in many other areas, phosphorous contamination from confined animal feeding operations is a leading cause of human induced eutrophication. It was found that lime pretreatment followed by acidogenic or methanogenic anaerobic digestion led to substantial reductions in soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) levels while also producing potentially valuable products. Dairy manure filtrate was analyzed for SRP before and after the process steps of lime pretreatment and anaerobic digestion. An average reduction of SRP by 89% was observed through the two step process for lime pretreatment coupled with acidogenic digestion. Acidogenic digestion was demonstrated to produce mixed organic acids at mesophillic temperatures and primarily acetic acid at thermophillic temperatures. Using the MixAlco Process, the carboxylate salts of these organic acids could potentially be converted into marketable fuels and chemicals. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
The Orthogonal (e,e,e)‐Tris‐Adduct of 9,10‐Dimethylanthracene with C60‐Fullerene: A Hidden Cornerstone of Fullerene Chemistry. Preliminary Communication
Authors: Duarte‐Ruiz Alvaro , Wurst Klaus , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTris(9′,10′‐dimethyl[9,10]ethanoanthracene[11′,12′: 1,9;11″,12″: 16,17;11′′′,12′′′: 30,31])[5,6]fullerene C60, the orthogonal (e,e,e)‐tris‐adduct of C60 and 9,10‐dimethylanthracene, was obtained from [4+2]‐cycloaddition (Diels–Alder reaction) at room temperature. The thermally unstable orange red (e,e,e)‐tris‐adduct was purified by chromatography and was isolated in the form of red monoclinic crystals. Its C3‐symmetric addition pattern was established spectroscopically. Its structure could be further investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The (e,e,e)‐tris‐adduct of C60 and 9,10‐dimethylanthracene has earlier been suggested as intermediate and reversibly formed critical component in ‘template directed’ addition reactions of C60. This previously elusive compound has now been isolated and structurally characterized.
Addition Reactions of Sulfenyl and Sulfinyl Chlorides with 3‐Phenyl‐1‐azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Woźnicka Marta , Drabowicz Józef , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe reactions of 3‐phenyl‐1‐azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane with α‐chlorosulfenyl chlorides and sulfinyl chlorides lead to the corresponding sulfenamides and sulfinamides, respectively, which possess an azetidine ring. It is proposed that a two‐step mechanism occurs involving an intermediate carbenium ion, which is formed by the addition of the electrophile at the N‐atom and cleavage of the N(1)C(3) bond. The structures of 9b and 10b are established by X‐ray crystallography.
Two New Cytotoxic Nonsulfated Pentasaccharide Holostane (=20‐Hydroxylanostan‐18‐oic Acid γ‐Lactone) Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria grisea
Authors: Sun Guo‐Quan , Li Ling , Yi Yang‐Hua , Yuan Wei‐Hua , Liu Bao‐Shu , Weng Yi‐Yi , Zhang Shi‐Long , Sun Peng , Wang Zeng‐Lei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwo new lanostane‐type nonsulfated pentasaccharide triterpene glycosides, 17‐dehydroxyholothurinoside A (1) and griseaside A (2), were isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR and MS experiments, as well as chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 2 possess the same pentasaccharide moieties but differ slightly in their side chains of the holostane‐type triterpene aglycone. The structures of the two new glycosides were established as (3β,12α)‐22,25‐epoxy‐3‐{(O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[O‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐6‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl)oxy}‐12,20‐dihydroxylanost‐9(11)‐en‐18‐oic acid γ‐lactone (1) and (3β,12α)‐3‐{(O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[O‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐6‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl)oxy}‐12,20,22‐trihydroxylanost‐9(11)‐en‐18‐oic acid γ‐lactone (2). The 17‐dehydroxyholothurinoside A (1) and griseaside A (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HL‐60, BEL‐7402, Molt‐4, and A‐549 cancer cell lines.
Studies on 4‐Thiazolidinones: Scope of the Reactions of 3‐Aryl‐2‐thioxo‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones with Cyanide and Cyanate Ions
Authors: Omar Mohamed T. , Shaban Mohamed E. , El‐Aasar Nadia K. , Saied Khaled F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTreatment of 3‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones 1 with CN− and NCO− effected the ring cleavage providing [(cyanocarbonothioyl)amino]benzenes 4 and arylisothiocyanates 5, respectively. Similar treatment of 5‐(2‐aryl‐2‐oxoethyl) derivatives 2 afforded 2,4‐bis(2‐aryl‐2‐oxoethylidene)cyclobutane‐1,3‐diones 6 along with each of the preceding products. Treatment of the respective (E,Z)‐5‐(2‐aryl‐2‐oxoethylidene) analogues 3b and 3c with CN− gave 4b and 4c and 2‐(arylcarbonyl)‐2‐methoxy‐4‐oxopentanedinitriles 7b and 7c, in addition to 3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methoxy‐2‐oxoethylidene]‐1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐dione 8c, which has been generated from 3c. Reactions of 3c or 3d with NCO− provided 5c or 5d, together with 8c or 8d as pure isomers. In the formation of the MeO products 7 and 8, the solvent (MeOH) has participated. Structures of these products are based on microanalytical and spectroscopic data. Rationalizations for the above transformations are given.
Phenylethyl Glycosides from Globularia alypum Growing in Turkey
Authors: Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Bassarello Carla , Piacente Sonia , çalış İhsan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFrom the leaves of Globularia alypum, three new phenylethyl glycosides, namely galypumosides A (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐[(E)‐caffeoyl]‐6‐O‐[(E)‐p‐coumaroyl]‐β‐glucopyranoside; 1), B (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐[(E)‐caffeoyl]‐6‐O‐[(E)‐feruloyl]‐β‐glucopyranoside; 2), and C (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐[(E)‐caffeoyl]‐6‐O‐menthiafoloyl‐β‐glucopyranoside; 3), were isolated, together with two known phenylethyl glycosides, calceolarioside A and verbascoside. Eight iridoid glucosides, catalpol, globularicisin, globularin, globularidin, globularinin, globularimin, lytanthosalin, and alpinoside, a flavon glycoside, 6‐hydroxyluteolin 7‐O‐sophoroside, a lignan glycoside, syringaresinol 4′‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside, and a phenylpropanoid glycoside, syringin, were also obtained and characterized. The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments as well as HR‐MALDI‐MS.
New N‐Containing Sesquiterpenes from Hainan Marine Sponge Axinyssa sp.
Authors: Li Zhen‐Yu , Yu Zhi‐Guo , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThree new N‐containing sesquiterpenes, isofarnesyl formamide (2), 7‐formamido‐7,8‐dihydro‐α‐bisabolane (3), 4,5‐epi‐10‐isothiocyanatoisodauc‐6‐ene (4), and a known sesquiterpene, farnesyl formamide (1), were isolated from the Hainan marine sponge Axinyssa sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analyses of their spectroscopic data and by comparison of their NMR data with those of structurally related compounds.
Six New Dammarane Triterpenoids from Viburnum cylindricum
Authors: Tu Lin , Zhao Yu , Yu Zu‐Yin , Cong Yu‐Wen , Xu Gang , Peng Li‐Yan , Zhang Peng‐Tao , Cheng Xiao , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOne new dammarane triterpenoid, cylindrictone A (1), as well as five new nor‐dammarane triterpenoids cylindrictone B–F (2–6) were isolated from the leaves of Viburnum cylindrium, together with three known compounds 3β‐hydroxy‐hexanordammaran‐20‐one (7), 3α‐hydroxyoctanordammar‐12‐en‐17‐one (8), and neoalsogenin B (9). Their structures were identified by extensive NMR‐spectroscopic (especially 2D‐NMR) and mass‐spectrometric experiments, and the structure of 3 was further confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The compounds exhibited no activity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cell.
Tricycloalternarenes A – E: Five New Mixed Terpenoids from the Endophytic Fungal Strain Alternaria alternata Ly83
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zhao Pei‐Ji , Ma Juan , Li Guo‐Hong , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFive new mixed terpenoids, tricycloalternarenes (TCAs) A–E (1–5), together with two known compounds, TCA 1b (6) and TCA 2b (7), were isolated from the solid‐state‐cultured endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata of Maytenus hookeri. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic (especially 2D‐NMR) experiments. Compound 7 showed weak activity against human tumor cell lines by MTT assay.
Alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage and risk of colorectal cancer at specific subsites
Authors: Bongaerts Brenda W.C. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , de Goeij Anton F.P.M. , Weijenberg Matty P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWithin the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, we investigated associations between total alcohol consumption, specific alcoholic beverage consumption and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to anatomical subsite. Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses were performed on 2,323 CRC cases, available after 13.3 years of follow‐up. Compared to abstaining, alcohol consumption of ≥30.0 g/day (∼3 alcoholic drinks) was positively associated with the risk of CRC (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06–1.65). Analyses restricted to subjects who reported to have consumed equal amounts of alcohol 5 years before baseline compared to baseline, showed elevated risk estimates for consumers of ≥30.0 g of total alcohol per day as well (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.01). Suggestive of a subsite‐specific effect, cancer risk seemed to increase from proximal colon through rectum; HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.85–1.96 for proximal colon cancer, HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.94–2.11 for distal colon cancer, HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.03–4.18 for rectosigmoid cancer and HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.64 for rectal cancer. No associations were observed between consumption of alcoholic beverages and CRC risk when compared with the nondrinkers of the specific beverage and after adjustment for total alcohol intake. No evidence was found for sex‐specific effects of alcohol and alcoholic beverages. In conclusion, our data showed a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of CRC, which seemed to be mainly explained by the alcoholic content of alcoholic beverages, rather than other constituents. Also, cancer risk may vary according to anatomical subsite. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The antitumor activity of an anti‐CD54 antibody in SCID mice xenografted with human breast, prostate, non‐small cell lung, and pancreatic tumor cell lines
Authors: Brooks Kimberly J. , Coleman Elaine J. , Vitetta Ellen S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe have previously described the development and testing of a monoclonal anti‐human CD54 antibody (UV3) in SCID mice xenografted with human multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and melanoma cell lines. In all 3 cases, UV3 was highly effective at slowing the growth of tumors and/or prolonging survival. Since CD54 (ICAM‐1) is up‐regulated on many different types of cancer cells, we have now investigated the anti‐tumor activity of UV3 in several other CD54+ epithelial tumors. A panel of 16 human breast, prostate, non‐small cell (NSC) lung, and pancreatic tumor cell lines was examined for reactivity with UV3, and 13 were positive. A representative CD54+ cell line from each cancer was grown subcutaneously in SCID mice. Once the tumors were established, UV3 was administered using different dose regimens. UV3 slowed the growth of all 4 tumors, although it was not curative. When UV3 or gemcitabine were administered to SCID mice xenografted with a NSC lung tumor cell line or a pancreatic tumor cell line, UV3 was as effective as the chemotherapy alone. When gemcitabine and UV3 were administered together, the best anti‐tumor responses were observed. UV3 has been chimerized (cUV3) and both toxicology studies and clinical trials are planned to assess the safety and activity of cUV3 in patients with one or more of these tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of the regions of the HPV 5 E6 protein involved in Bak degradation and inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Simmonds Mark , Storey Alan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUVB induced DNA damage is the major aetiological agent in NMSC development, but mounting evidence suggests a role for human papillomaviruses (HPV) from genus beta, including HPV 5 and HPV 8, in the development of NMSC on sun exposed body sites. We have previously shown that UVB activates Bak, an apoptogenic mitochondrial factor that, following an apoptotic stimulus, undergoes a conformational change that leads to pore formation in the mitochondrial membrane that releases apoptotic factors. The HPV E6 protein effectively inhibits UVB‐induced apoptosis and targets Bak for proteolytic degradation. We have now identified the regions of the HPV5 E6 that are required to mediate Bak proteolysis and contribute toward the antiapoptotic activity of the protein. Interestingly, while wild‐type HPV5 E6 does not bind or target p53 for proteolysis, we have isolated specific HPV5 E6 mutants that switch target specificity from Bak to p53 in a p53 codon 72 isoform‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ability of wild‐type HPV5 E6 to target Bak or specific E6 mutants to target p53 for proteolysis is not dependent on the E6‐AP ubiquitin ligase. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.