bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Bronchial Lesions Using System of Autofluorescence Endoscopy (SAFE) 1000
Authors: Kakihana Masatoshi , Il. Kim Kyong , Okunaka Tetsuya , Furukawa Kinya , Hirano Takashi , Konaka Chimori , kato Harubumi , Ebihara Yoshiro 
Published: August 2007

Recently several endoscopic fluorescence detection systems have been developed. In some of
them, laser light was used for the excitation of autofluorescence, and sophisticated techniques were also necessary to amplify the fluorescence signal as well.The result of fluorescence diagnosis using a simple system with a conventional Xenon lamp
excitation and an image intensifier is reported. The respective results of sensitivity and
positive predictive values of cancer plus dysplasia were 66%, and 62% by standard
bronchoscopy and 92% and 88% by the newly developed autofluorescence system. In this
paper, developed endoscope for detection of tissue/mucosal autofluorescence without the
application of any photosensitizing agents or use of any lasers is evaluated.
Fluoroscopic Placement of Double‐Pigtail Ureteral Stents
Authors: Chen Gregory L. , Bagley Demetrius H. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose: Double‐pigtail ureteral stent is placed cystoscopically after ureteroscopy. We
describe a technique for fluoroscopic placement of ureteral stents and demonstrate its use in a
non‐randomized prospective study.Materials and methods: Double‐pigtail stents were placed either fluoroscopically or
cystoscopically in 121 consecutive patients. In the fluoroscopic method, the stent was placed
over a guide wire using a stent pusher without the use of cystoscopy. Conversely, stents were
placed through the working channel of the cystoscope under vision. The procedure, stent
length, width, type, method, ureteral dilation, and use of a retrieval string were noted.Results: A wide range of stent sizes were used. The success with fluoroscopic placement of
double‐pigtail ureteral stents was 100% (89 of 89 cases). No stents migrated or required
replacement. Stents were placed after ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (53/89) and ureteroscopic
tumor treatment (22/89). Cystoscopic visualization was used in 32 additional procedures
requiring precise control (15 ureteral strictures and nine retrograde endopyelotomy).Conclusions: The fluoroscopic placement of ureteral stents is a safe and simple technique
with a very high success rate. We have used cystoscopic placement only after incisional
procedures such as retrograde endopyelotomy, stricture or ureterotomy.
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Treatment of Pleuropericardial Cysts
Authors: Hermens F. H. W. , Visser F. J. , Termeer A. , Barendregt W. B. , Janssen J. P. 
Published: August 2007

Question of the Study In this study, safety and feasibility of
thoracoscopic fenestration of pleuropericardial cysts under local
and general anaesthesia is evaluated. Besides, a rare case of a
pleural cyst, causing a superior vena cava syndrome, is described.Materials, Patients and Methods In a retrospective study, the results of thoracoscopic
treatment of pleuropericardial cysts in three patients are presented. We performed
videothoracoscopic fenestration of pleuropericardial cysts. One of these was performed
under local anaesthesia. The two other cases were performed under general anaesthesia.
After fenestration, talc poudrage of the inner lining of the cysts was performed in one case.Results Thoracoscopic fenestration appeared to be safe and
effective. No recurrence was observed. One patient was lost to follow‐up.Answer to the Question Thoracoscopic fenestration of pleuropericardial cysts is safe
and effective. This procedure can be performed under local anaesthesia in selected cases.
The role of talc poudrage of the cysts is unclear and needs further investigation.
Neuromuscular and Lower Limb Biomechanical Differences Exist between Male and Female Elite Adolescent Soccer Players during an Unanticipated Run and Crosscut Maneuver
Authors: Landry Scott C. , McKean Kelly A. , Hubley-Kozey Cheryl L. , Stanish William D. , Deluzio Kevin J. 
Published: August 2007

Background Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries often occur during sports such as soccer and basketball in which cutting or landing maneuvers are frequently performed. These injuries are more common in female athletes, and identifying biomechanical or neuromuscular risk factors related to gender may help with the development of preventive training programs aimed at reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury. Hypothesis Lower limb biomechanical and/or neuromuscular differences between male and female soccer players will be identified during unanticipated running and cutting maneuvers. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods A complete 3-dimensional kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic analysis of the lower limb for an unanticipated straight-run and crosscut maneuver was performed on 42 (male, 21; female, 21) elite adolescent soccer players. Results For both maneuvers, female players had greater lateral gastrocnemius activity, normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and demonstrated a mediolateral gastrocnemii imbalance that was not present in male players. Rectus femoris activity for both maneuvers and vastus medialis and lateralis activity for the straight run only were also greater in female than in male athletes. Other notable differences captured for the maneuvers included female players having reduced hamstring activity, a reduced hip flexion moment, a reduced hip flexion angle, and an increased ankle eversion angle throughout stance compared with male players. Conclusion This is one of the first studies to identify gastrocnemii differences between genders as a possible anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factor. Additional biomechanical and neuromuscular differences were also identified as potential risk factors. Clinical Relevance These findings provide insight into the noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury gender bias and may help improve preventive training programs.
Self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells requires insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and ERBB2 receptor signaling
Authors: Wang Linlin , Schulz Thomas C. , Sherrer Eric S. , Dauphin Derek S. , Shin Soojung , Nelson Angelique M. , Ware Carol B. , Zhan Mei , Song Chao-Zhong , Chen Xiaoji , Brimble Sandii N. , McLean Amanda , Galeano Maria J. , Uhl Elizabeth W. , D'Amour Kevin A. , Chesnut Jonathan D. , Rao Mahendra S. , Blau C. Anthony , Robins Allan J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Despite progress in developing defined conditions for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) cultures, little is known about the cell-surface receptors that are activated under conditions supportive of hESC self-renewal. A simultaneous interrogation of 42 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in hESCs following stimulation with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) conditioned medium (CM) revealed rapid and prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R); less prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members, including ERBB2 and ERBB3; and trace phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptors. Intense IGF1R and IR phosphorylation occurred in the absence of MEF conditioning (NCM) and was attributable to high concentrations of insulin in the proprietary KnockOut Serum Replacer (KSR). Inhibition of IGF1R using a blocking antibody or lentivirus-delivered shRNA reduced hESC self-renewal and promoted differentiation, while disruption of ERBB2 signaling with the selective inhibitor AG825 severely inhibited hESC proliferation and promoted apoptosis. A simple defined medium containing an IGF1 analog, heregulin-1β (a ligand for ERBB2/ERBB3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and activin A supported long-term growth of multiple hESC lines. These studies identify previously unappreciated RTKs that support hESC proliferation and self-renewal, and provide a rationally designed medium for the growth and maintenance of pluripotent hESCs.
Inhibition of primordial germ cell proliferation by the medaka male determining gene Dmrt1bY
Authors: Herpin Amaury , Schindler Detlev , Kraiss Anita , Hornung Ute , Winkler Christoph , Schartl Manfred 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background

Dmrt1 is a highly conserved gene involved in the determination and early differentiation phase of the primordial gonad in vertebrates. In the fish medaka dmrt1bY, a functional duplicate of the autosomal dmrt1a gene on the Y-chromosome, has been shown to be the master regulator of male gonadal development, comparable to Sry in mammals. In males mRNA and protein expression was observed before morphological sex differentiation in the somatic cells surrounding primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the gonadal anlage and later on exclusively in Sertoli cells. This suggested a role for dmrt1bY during male gonad and germ cell development.

Results
We provide functional evidence that expression of dmrt1bY leads to negative regulation of PGC proliferation. Flow cytometric measurements revealed a G2 arrest of dmrt1bY expressing cells. Interestingly, also non-transfected cells displayed a significantly lower fraction of proliferating cells, pointing to a possible non-cell autonomous action of dmrt1bY. Injection of antisense morpholinos led to an increase of PGCs in genetically male embryos due to loss of proliferation inhibition.

Conclusion
In medaka, dmrt1bY mediates a mitotic arrest of PGCs in males prior to testes differentiation at the sex determination stage. This occurs possibly via a cross-talk of Sertoli cells and PGCs.
Non-coding antisense transcription detected by conventional and single-stranded cDNA microarray
Authors: Vallon-Christersson Johan , Staaf Johan , Kvist Anders , Medstrand Patrik , Borg Åke , Rovira Carlos 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Recent studies revealed that many mammalian protein-coding genes also transcribe their complementary strands. This phenomenon raises questions regarding the validity of data obtained from double-stranded cDNA microarrays since hybridization to both strands may occur. Here, we wanted to analyze experimentally the incidence of antisense transcription in human cells and to estimate their influence on protein coding expression patterns obtained by double-stranded microarrays. Therefore, we profiled transcription of sense and antisense independently by using strand-specific cDNA microarrays.

Results
Up to 88% of expressed protein coding loci displayed concurrent expression from the complementary strand. Antisense transcription is cell specific and showed a strong tendency to be positively correlated to the expression of the sense counterparts. Even if their expression is wide-spread, detected antisense signals seem to have a limited distorting effect on sense profiles obtained with double-stranded probes.

Conclusion
Antisense transcription in humans can be far more common than previously estimated. However, it has limited influence on expression profiles obtained with conventional cDNA probes. This can be explained by a biological phenomena and a bias of the technique: a) a co-ordinate sense and antisense expression variation and b) a bias for sense-hybridization to occur with more efficiency, presumably due to variable exonic overlap between antisense transcripts.
Revised genomic structure of the human ghrelin gene and identification of novel exons, alternative splice variants and natural antisense transcripts
Authors: Seim Inge , Collet Chris , Herington Adrian C , Chopin Lisa K 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone expressed in a range of normal tissues and pathologies. It has been reported that the human ghrelin gene consists of five exons which span 5 kb of genomic DNA on chromosome 3 and includes a 20 bp non-coding first exon (20 bp exon 0). The availability of bioinformatic tools enabling comparative analysis and the finalisation of the human genome prompted us to re-examine the genomic structure of the ghrelin locus.ResultsWe have demonstrated the presence of an additional novel exon (exon -1) and 5' extensions to exon 0 and 1 using comparative in silico analysis and have demonstrated their existence experimentally using RT-PCR and 5' RACE. A revised exon-intron structure demonstrates that the human ghrelin gene spans 7.2 kb and consists of six rather than five exons. Several ghrelin gene-derived splice forms were detected in a range of human tissues and cell lines. We have demonstrated ghrelin gene-derived mRNA transcripts that do not code for ghrelin, but instead may encode the C-terminal region of full-length preproghrelin (C-ghrelin, which contains the coding region for obestatin) and a transcript encoding obestatin-only. Splice variants that differed in their 5' untranslated regions were also found, suggesting a role of these regions in the post-transcriptional regulation of preproghrelin translation. Finally, several natural antisense transcripts, termed ghrelinOS (ghrelin opposite strand) transcripts, were demonstrated via orientation-specific RT-PCR, 5' RACE and in silico analysis of ESTs and cloned amplicons.ConclusionThe sense and antisense alternative transcripts demonstrated in this study may function as non-coding regulatory RNA, or code for novel protein isoforms. This is the first demonstration of putative obestatin and C-ghrelin specific transcripts and these findings suggest that these ghrelin gene-derived peptides may also be produced independently of preproghrelin. This study reveals several novel aspects of the ghrelin gene and suggests that the ghrelin locus is far more complex than previously recognised.
Exploring the midgut transcriptome of Phlebotomus papatasi: comparative analysis of expression profiles of sugar-fed, blood-fed and Leishmania major-infected sandflies
Authors: Ramalho-Ortigão Marcelo , Jochim Ryan C , Anderson Jennifer M , Lawyer Phillip G , Pham Van-My , Kamhawi Shaden , Valenzuela Jesus G 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
In sandflies, the blood meal is responsible for the induction of several physiologic processes that culminate in egg development and maturation. During blood feeding, infected sandflies are also able to transmit the parasite Leishmania to a suitable host. Many blood-induced molecules play significant roles during Leishmania development in the sandfly midgut, including parasite killing within the endoperitrophic space. In this work, we randomly sequenced transcripts from three distinct high quality full-length female Phlebotomus papatasi midgut-specific cDNA libraries from sugar-fed, blood-fed and Leishmania major-infected sandflies. Furthermore, we compared the transcript expression profiles from the three different cDNA libraries by customized bioinformatics analysis and validated these findings by semi-quantitative PCR and real-time PCR.

Results
Transcriptome analysis of 4010 cDNA clones resulted in the identification of the most abundant P. papatasi midgut-specific transcripts. The identified molecules included those with putative roles in digestion and peritrophic matrix formation, among others. Moreover, we identified sandfly midgut transcripts that are expressed only after a blood meal, such as microvilli associated-like protein (PpMVP1, PpMVP2 and PpMVP3), a peritrophin (PpPer1), trypsin 4 (PpTryp4), chymotrypsin PpChym2, and two unknown proteins. Of interest, many of these overabundant transcripts such as PpChym2, PpMVP1, PpMVP2, PpPer1 and PpPer2 were of lower abundance when the sandfly was given a blood meal in the presence of L. major.

Conclusion
This tissue-specific transcriptome analysis provides a comprehensive look at the repertoire of transcripts present in the midgut of the sandfly P. papatasi. Furthermore, the customized bioinformatic analysis allowed us to compare and identify the overall transcript abundance from sugar-fed, blood-fed and Leishmania-infected sandflies. The suggested upregulation of specific transcripts in a blood-fed cDNA library were validated by real-time PCR, suggesting that this customized bioinformatic analysis is a powerful and accurate tool useful in analysing expression profiles from different cDNA libraries. Additionally, the findings presented in this work suggest that the Leishmania parasite is modulating key enzymes or proteins in the gut of the sandfly that may be beneficial for its establishment and survival.
Obstacles for optimal tuberculosis case detection in primary health centers (PHC) in Sidoarjo district, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Chatarina U , Budiono  , Rahariyani Lutfia Dwi , Sulistyowati Muji , Rachmawati Tety , Djuwari  , Yuliwati Sri , van der Werf Marieke J 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide. Detection of the most infectious cases of tuberculosis – sputum smear-positive pulmonary cases – by passive case finding is an essential component of TB control. The district of Sidoarjo in East Java reported a low case detection rate (CDR) of 14% in 2003. We evaluated the diagnostic process for TB in primary health care centers (PHC) in Sidoarjo district to assess whether problems in identification of TB suspects or in diagnosing TB patients can explain the low CDR.MethodsWe performed interviews with the staff (general nurse, TB worker, laboratory technician, and head of health center) of the 25 PHCs of Sidoarjo district to obtain information about the knowledge of TB, health education practices, and availability of support services for TB diagnosis. The quality of the laboratory diagnosis was examined by providing 10 slides with a known result to the laboratory technicians for re-examination.ResultsEighty percent of the nurses and 84% of the TB workers knew that cough >3 weeks can be a symptom of TB. Only 40% of the nurses knew the cause of TB, few could mention complications of TB and none could mention the duration of infectiousness after start of treatment. Knowledge of TB workers was much better. Information about how to produce a good sputum sample was provided to TB suspects by 76% of the nurses and 84% of the TB workers. Only few provided all information. Fifty-five percent of the 11 laboratory technicians correctly identified all positive slides as positive and 45% correctly identified 100% of the negative slides as negative. All TB workers, one general nurses and 32% of the laboratory technicians had received specific training in TB control. There has been no shortage of TB forms and laboratory materials in 96% of the PHCs.ConclusionThe quality of the diagnostic process for TB at PHC in Sidoarjo district should be improved on all levels. Training in TB control of all general nurses and the laboratory technicians that have not received training would be a good first step to enhance diagnosis of TB and to improve the case detection rate.
Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 IgG in children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Weissbrich Benedikt , Süß-Fröhlich Yvonne , Girschick Hermann J 
Published: August 2007

AbstractParvovirus (PV) B19 is the causative agent of the childhood disease erythema infectiosum. An association of PV B19 with chronic arthropathies, sometimes resembling rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), has repeatedly been described. Other studies, however, have failed to identify any such relationship. In order to study further whether there is a link between PV B19 and JIA, we determined the prevalence of PV B19 specific IgG antibodies in serum samples from children with rheumatoid diseases and compared it with the prevalence in unaffected children We reasoned that if there is an association between PV B19 and JIA, then the prevalence of PV B19 IgG in the children with JIA should be higher than in the control group. PV B19 IgG status was tested in 406 children with JIA and related diseases, and in 146 children constituting a control group. The percentage of PV B19 IgG positive children was not significantly elevated in the disease subgroups compared with age-matched control groups. In conclusion, our findings do not support the hypothesis that human parvovirus B19 is involved in the pathogenesis of JIA.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist delivered directly and by gene therapy inhibits matrix degradation in the intact degenerate human intervertebral disc: an in situ zymographic and gene therapy study
Authors: Le Maitre Christine L , Hoyland Judith A , Freemont Anthony J 
Published: August 2007

AbstractData implicate IL-1 in the altered matrix biology that characterizes human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. In the current study we investigated the enzymic mechanism by which IL-1 induces matrix degradation in degeneration of the human IVD, and whether the IL-1 inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) will inhibit degradation. A combination of in situ zymography (ISZ) and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the effects of IL-1 and IL-1Ra on matrix degradation and metal-dependent protease (MDP) expression in explants of non-degenerate and degenerate human IVDs. ISZ employed three substrates (gelatin, collagen, casein) and different challenges (IL-1β, IL-1Ra and enzyme inhibitors). Immunohistochemistry was undertaken for MDPs. In addition, IL-1Ra was introduced into degenerate IVD explants using genetically engineered constructs. The novel findings from this study are: IL-1Ra delivered directly onto explants of degenerate IVDs eliminates matrix degradation as assessed by multi-substrate ISZ; there is a direct relationship between matrix degradation assessed by ISZ and MDP expression defined by immunohistochemistry; single injections of IVD cells engineered to over-express IL-1Ra significantly inhibit MDP expression for two weeks. Our findings show that IL-1 is a key cytokine driving matrix degradation in the degenerate IVD. Furthermore, IL-1Ra delivered directly or by gene therapy inhibits IVD matrix degradation. IL-1Ra could be used therapeutically to inhibit degeneration of the IVD.
Model-based analysis of two-color arrays (MA2C)
Authors: Song Jun S , Johnson W Evan , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zhang Xinmin , Li Wei , Manrai Arjun K , Liu Jun S , Chen Runsheng , Liu X Shirley 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel normalization method based on the GC content of probes is developed for two-color tiling arrays. The proposed method, together with robust estimates of the model parameters, is shown to perform superbly on published data sets. A robust algorithm for detecting peak regions is also formulated and shown to perform well compared to other approaches. The tools have been implemented as a stand-alone Java program called MA2C, which can display various plots of statistical analysis for quality control.