bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6. Persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2
Authors: van de Minkelis Johan , Peene Laurens , Cohen Steven P. , Staats Peter , Al‐Kaisy Adnan , Van Boxem Koen , Kallewaard Jan Willem , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionPersistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS) refers to chronic axial pain and/or extremity pain. Two subtypes have been defined: PSPS‐type 1 is chronic pain without previous spinal surgery and PSPS‐type 2 is chronic pain, persisting after spine surgery, and is formerly known as Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) or post‐laminectomy syndrome. The etiology of PSPS‐type 2 can be gleaned using elements from the patient history, physical examination, and additional medical imaging. Origins of persistent pain following spinal surgery may be categorized into an inappropriate procedure (eg a lumbar fusion at an incorrect level or for sacroiliac joint [SIJ] pain); technical failure (eg operation at non‐affected levels, retained disk fragment, pseudoarthrosis), biomechanical sequelae of surgery (eg adjacent segment disease or SIJ pain after a fusion to the sacrum, muscle wasting, spinal instability); and complications (eg battered root syndrome, excessive epidural fibrosis, and arachnoiditis), or undetermined.MethodsThe literature on the diagnosis and treatment of PSPS‐type 2 was retrieved and summarized.ResultsThere is low‐quality evidence for the efficacy of conservative treatments including exercise, rehabilitation, manipulation, and behavioral therapy, and very limited evidence for the pharmacological treatment of PSPS‐type 2. Interventional treatments such as pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the dorsal root ganglia, epidural adhesiolysis, and spinal endoscopy (epiduroscopy) might be beneficial in patients with PSPS‐type 2. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be an effective treatment for chronic, intractable neuropathic limb pain, and possibly well‐selected candidates with axial pain.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of PSPS‐type 2 is based on patient history, clinical examination, and medical imaging. Low‐quality evidence exists for conservative interventions. Pulsed radiofrequency, adhesiolysis and SCS have a higher level of evidence with a high safety margin and should be considered as interventional treatment options when conservative treatment fails.
NF‐YC15 transcription factor activates ethylene biosynthesis and improves cassava disease resistance
Authors: Zheng Liyan , Gao Shuai , Bai Yujing , Zeng Hongqiu , Shi Haitao 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe nuclear factor Y (NF‐Y) transcription factors play important roles in plant development and physiological responses. However, the relationship between NF‐Y, plant hormone and plant stress resistance in tropical crops remains unclear. In this study, we identified MeNF‐YC15 gene in the NF‐Y family that significantly responded to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) treatment. Using MeNF‐YC15‐silenced and ‐overexpressed cassava plants, we elucidated that MeNF‐YC15 positively regulated disease resistance to cassava bacterial blight (CBB). Notably, we illustrated MeNF‐YC15 downstream genes and revealed the direct genetic relationship between MeNF‐YC15 and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (MeACO1)‐ethylene module in disease resistance, as evidenced by the rescued disease susceptibility of MeNF‐YC15 silenced cassava plants with ethylene treatment or overexpressing MeACO1. In addition, the physical interaction between 2C‐type protein phosphatase 1 (MePP2C1) and MeNF‐YC15 inhibited the transcriptional activation of MeACO1 by MeNF‐YC15. In summary, MePP2C1‐MeNF‐YC15 interaction modulates ethylene biosynthesis and cassava disease resistance, providing gene network for cassava genetic improvement.
Antibody‐mediated rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A report from the Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium
Authors: Ashoor Isa F. , Engen Rachel M. , Puliyanda Dechu , Hayde Nicole , Peterson Caitlin G. , Zahr Rima S. , Solomon Sonia , Kallash Mahmoud , Garro Rouba , Jain Amrish , Harshman Lyndsay A. , McEwen Scott T. , Mansuri Asifhusen , Gregoski Mathew J. , Twombley Katherine E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is a major cause of kidney allograft loss. There is a paucity of large‐scale pediatric‐specific data regarding AMR treatment outcomes.MethodsData were obtained from 14 centers within the Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium. Kidney transplant recipients aged 1–18 years at transplant with biopsy‐proven AMR between 2009 and 2019 and at least 12 months of follow‐up were included. The primary outcome was graft failure or an eGFR <20 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 12 months following AMR treatment. AMR treatment choice, histopathology, and DSA class were also examined.ResultsWe reviewed 123 AMR episodes. Median age at diagnosis was 15 years at a median 22 months post‐transplant. The primary outcome developed in 27.6%. eGFR <30 m/min/1.73 m2 at AMR diagnosis was associated with a 5.6‐fold higher risk of reaching the composite outcome. There were no significant differences in outcome by treatment modality. Histopathology scores and DSA class at time of AMR diagnosis were not significantly associated with the primary outcome.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of pediatric kidney transplant recipients with AMR, nearly one‐third of patients experienced graft failure or significant graft dysfunction within 12 months of diagnosis. Poor graft function at time of diagnosis was associated with higher odds of graft failure.
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and fludarabine conditioning for X‐linked adrenal cerebral leukodystrophy
Authors: Chen Yao , Xu Lan‐ping , Zhang Xiao‐hui , Chen Huan , Liu Kai‐yan , Qing Jiong , Yang Yan‐ling , Huang Xiao‐jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the safety and efficacy of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT) in pediatric patients with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD).MethodsA retrospective analysis of transplantation data from 29 cases of ALD, treated between December 2014 and April 2022, was conducted. Neurologic function scores (NFS) were assessed. The conditioning regimen was busulfan 9.6 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg, and fludarabine 90 mg/m2 (BFC). Graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis consisted of anti‐human thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, and short course of methotrexate.ResultsAmong the 29 cases, 14 cases (NFS = 0) were asymptomatic, and 15 (NFS ≥ 1) were symptomatic. The median age at SCT was 8 years (range: 4–16 years); the median follow‐up time was 1058 days (range: 398–3092 days); 28 cases were father donors and 1 case was a grandfather donor. Hematopoietic reconstitution was successful in all patients, and all of them achieved complete donor chimerism at the time of engraftment. The leading cause of death was still primary disease progression (n = 4). Survival free of major functional disabilities was 100% in asymptomatic patients versus 66.67% in the symptomatic group (p = .018).ConclusionBFC regimen used in haploidentical SCT was administered safely without major transplant‐related complications even in symptomatic patients, and neurological symptoms were stabilized after SCT.
Overcoming von Wright's anxiety
Authors: Halpin Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines the anxiety expressed by von Wright over the status of the deontic permission, P, as an independent normative category, given the interdefinability between P and O at the foundation of deontic logic. Two concerns are noted: the reducibility of P to O, and the inadequacy of P to convey a full permission in a social setting. Drawing on resources from the Hohfeldian analytical framework, the relational and aggregate features of permission are explored, and an aggregate conception of permission, P, is recognized. With the assistance of insights from Demey and Smessaert on duals, Hansson on formalization, and Soames on interdefinability, it is concluded that the interdefinability thesis can be defended without threatening the independent status of P. Additional grounds for reaching this conclusion are provided from a detailed analysis of the relationship between P and P. Some implications of the more expansive notion of permission, P, are considered with regard to the resources of deontic logic and their application.
Quasi‐F‐splittings in birational geometry II
Authors: Kawakami Tatsuro , Takamatsu Teppei , Tanaka Hiromu , Witaszek Jakub , Yobuko Fuetaro , Yoshikawa Shou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver an algebraically closed field of characteristic , we prove that three‐dimensional ‐factorial affine klt varieties are quasi‐‐split. Furthermore, we show that the bound on the characteristic is optimal.
No Association Between Injury-Related Fear and Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength in Individuals With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Brinkman Caitlin , Reiche Elaine , Genoese Francesca , Hoch Johanna , Baez Shelby 
Published: April 2024

Context: Injury-related fear and quadriceps strength are independently associated with secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. It is not known whether injury-related fear and quadriceps strength are associated, despite their individual predictive capabilities of secondary ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between injury-related fear and quadriceps strength in individuals at least 1 year after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years at least 1 year post unilateral primary ACLR. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) and a standard isokinetic quadriceps strength assessment using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Pearson Product-Moment correlations were used to examine the linear association between the TSK-11 scores and peak torque (in nanometers per kilogram) for each limb and between the TSK-11 scores and limb symmetry indices for each limb. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients (r) were interpreted as very high (.90–1.00), high (.70–.90), moderate (.50–.70), low (.30–.50), and no correlation (.00–.30). Results: The average TSK-11 score was 18.2 (5.3), average ACLR peak quadriceps torque was 1.9 (0.50) N·m/kg, average contralateral peak quadriceps torque was 2.3 (0.48) N·m/kg, and average limb symmetry index was 85.3% (12.6%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the TSK-11 and peak quadriceps torque on the ACLR limb (r = .12, P = .46), the TSK-11 and contralateral limb (r = .29, P = .07), or the TSK-11 and limb symmetry index (r = –.18, P = .27). Conclusions: There was no association between kinesiophobia and peak isokinetic quadriceps strength in individuals at least 1 year post-ACLR. Both factors, independently, have been shown to influence risk of secondary injury in patients after ACLR.
Dynamics and prognostic value of plasma cell-free DNA PCR in patients with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis
Authors: Moreno Angel , Mah Jordan , Budvytiene Indre , Ho Dora Y. , Schwenk Hayden T. , Banaei Niaz 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus
species and Mucorales agents are the primary etiologies of invasive fungal disease (IFD). Biomarkers that predict outcomes are needed to improve care. Patients diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) PCR were retested weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome included all-cause mortality at 6 weeks and 6 months based on baseline cycle threshold (CT) values and results of follow-up cfDNA PCR testing. Forty-five patients with
Aspergillus
and 30 with invasive Mucorales infection were retested weekly for a total of 197 tests. Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORTC/MSG) criteria, 30.7% (23/75), 25.3% (19/75), and 38.7% (29/75) had proven, probable, and possible IFD, respectively. In addition, 97.3% (73/75) were immunocompromised. Baseline CT increased significantly starting at week 1 for Mucorales and week 2 for
Aspergillus
. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis patients with higher baseline CT (CT >40 and >35, respectively) had a nonsignificantly higher survival rate at 6 weeks, compared with patients with lower baseline CT. Mucormycosis patients with higher baseline CT had a significantly higher survival rate at 6 months. Mucormycosis, but not aspergillosis patients, with repeat positive cfDNA PCR results had a nonsignificantly lower survival rate at 6 weeks and 6 months compared with patients who reverted to negative. Aspergillosis patients with baseline serum
Aspergillus
galactomannan index <0.5 and <1.0 had significantly higher survival rates at 6 weeks when compared with those with index ≥0.5 and ≥1.0, respectively. Baseline plasma cfDNA PCR CT can potentially be used to prognosticate survival in patients with invasive
Aspergillus
and Mucorales infections.

IMPORTANCE

We show that
Aspergillus
and Mucorales plasma cell-free DNA PCR can be used not only to noninvasively diagnose patients with invasive fungal disease but also to correlate the baseline cycle threshold with survival outcomes, thus potentially allowing the identification of patients at risk for poor outcomes, who may benefit from more targeted therapies.
Parent screening questionnaires to detect cognitive and language delay at 2 years in high-risk infants: an analysis from the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study 2016–2017 cohort
Authors: Rawnsley Kate L , Doyle Lex W , Anderson Peter J , Olsen Joy E , Kwong Amanda K L , Mainzer Rheanna M , Josev Elisha K , Roberts Gehan , Spittle Alicia J , Cheong Jeanie L Y 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of two developmental screening questionnaires to detect cognitive or language delay, defined using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III), in children born extremely preterm (EP: <28 weeks’ gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW: <1000 g).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingState of Victoria, Australia.Patients211 infants born EP/ELBW assessed at 2 years’ corrected age (mean 2.2, SD 0.2).Main outcome measuresCognitive and language delay (<−1 SD) on the Bayley-III. The screening questionnaires were the Parent Report of Children’s Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires Third Edition (ASQ-3).ResultsThe PARCA-R performed better than the ASQ-3, but neither questionnaire had substantial agreement with the Bayley-III to detect cognitive delay; kappa (95% CI): PARCA-R 0.43 (0.23, 0.63); ASQ-3 0.15 (−0.05, 0.35); sensitivity (95% CI): PARCA-R 70% (53%, 84%) ASQ-3 62% (47%, 76%); specificity (95% CI): PARCA-R 73% (60%, 84%) ASQ-3 53% (38%, 68%). When both tools were used in combination (below cut-off on at least one assessment), sensitivity increased to 78% (60%, 91%) but specificity fell to 45% (29%, 62%). Similar trends were noted for language delay on the Bayley-III, although kappa values were better than for cognitive delay.ConclusionsNeither screening questionnaire identified cognitive delay well, but both were better at identifying language delay. The PARCA-R detects delay on the Bayley-III more accurately than the ASQ-3. Sensitivity for detecting delay is greatest when the PARCA-R and ASQ-3 were used in combination, but resulted in lower specificity.
Role of lens in early refractive development: evidence from a large cohort of Chinese children
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Xiong Ruilin , Jin Ling , Chang Shuai , Chen Qianyun , Wang Decai , Chen Xiang , Qu Yabin , Liu Weijia , He Mingguang , Morgan Ian , Zeng Yangfa , Liu Yizhi 
Published: April 2024

AimsTo document longitudinal changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and related biometric factors during early refractive development.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of Chinese children, starting in 2018 with annual follow-ups. At each visit, children received cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurements. Lens power (LP) was calculated using Bennett’s formula. Children were divided into eight groups based on baseline age: the 3-year-old (n=426, 49.77% girls), 4-year-old (n=834, 47.36% girls), 6-year-old (n=292, 46.58% girls), 7-year-old (n=964, 43.46% girls), 9-year-old (n=981, 46.18% girls), 10-year-old (n=1181, 46.32% girls), 12-year-old (n=504, 49.01%) and 13-year-old (n=644, 42.70%) age groups.ResultsThis study included right-eye data from 5826 children. The 3-year-old and 4-year-old age groups demonstrated an inflection point in longitudinal SER changes at a mild hyperopic baseline SER (+1 to +2 D), with children with more myopic SER showing hyperopic refractive shifts while those with more hyperopic SER showing myopic shifts. The hyperopic shift in SER was mainly attributed to rapid LP loss and was rarely seen in the older age groups. Axial elongation accelerated in the premyopia stage, accompanied by a partially counter-balancing acceleration of LP loss. For children aged 3–7 years, those with annual SER changes <0.25 D were all mildly hyperopic at baseline (mean: 1.23 D, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.27 D).ConclusionOur findings suggest that during early refractive development, refractions cluster around or above +1.00 D. There is a pushback process in which increases in the rate of LP occur in parallel with increases in axial elongation.
Mixed-methods community assessment of drowning and water safety knowledge and behaviours on Lake Victoria
Authors: Guy Kyra , Ritchie Ava , Tumuhimbise Peninah , Balinda Emmanuel , Nasim Khoban , Kalanzi Moses , Wipfli Heather 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundDrowning is a major cause of death in Uganda, especially among young adults with water-based occupations and livelihoods. Information about drowning and other water-related deaths and injuries is limited. To address this gap in knowledge, study partners assessed knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about drowning and drowning prevention interventions in the Mayuge district of eastern Uganda.MethodsThis study consisted of a mixed-methods, cross-sectional community health assessment. Research was conducted in 10 landing sites of 6 subcounties within Mayuge district bordering Lake Victoria and focused on 505 head-of-household interviews, 15 key informant interviews, 10 landing site observations and 3 focus group discussions with 10 young adults each.ResultsWhile landing site observations revealed high lake use, households reported limited community drowning prevention knowledge and revealed risky behaviours and attitudes towards water safety. Less than one-third (30.9%) of participants reported that at least one family member can swim. 64.2% of all respondents reported no existing safety measures (eg, signage, fences) around the lake and 95.8% reported no aquatic emergency response system in their community. The majority of households (85.7%) had experienced a drowning incident in their area. Key informants and focus group participants were eager for community-based interventions and offered solutions that reflected international drowning prevention recommendations.ConclusionsThe results reveal gaps in services, access and knowledge and highlight a need for water safety services and interventions in lakeside communities in Uganda and throughout the Lake Victoria Basin.
Population-based estimates suggest middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematomas could significantly expand the scope of neurovascular therapies
Authors: Rai Ansaar T , Halak Abdulrahman A , Lakhani Dhairya A , Tarabishy Abdul R , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThis study quantifies the impact of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) for subdural hematomas (SDHs) by estimating a target population.MethodsA population-based study at a tertiary hospital, the main SDH facility for a four-county population, used primary ICD-10 codes over 3 years to collate SDH hospitalizations. Clinical and imaging data confirmed traumatic versus non-traumatic and acute versus non-acute (mixed or chronic) SDH. The MMAE-eligible population included patients with non-traumatic, non-acute SDH aged ≥18 years plus patients with ‘traumatic’ but non-acute SDH aged ≥60 years presenting with a fall. This was contrasted with the rate of large vessel strokes in the same population.Results1279 hospitalizations with a primary ICD-10 SDH diagnosis were identified, with 389 from the study population. Excluding repeat admissions, 350 patients were analyzed, 233 (67%) traumatic, and 117 (33%) non-traumatic SDH. Regarding etiology, ‘fall ≥60 years’ was the most common category in the entire cohort (n=156; 45% (95% CI 39% to 50%)). The SDH rate was 52/100 000 persons/year (95% CI 47 to 57). The rate of all non-traumatic, non-acute SDH in patients aged ≥18 years was 17/100 000 persons/year (95% CI 15 to 20), combining with ‘traumatic’ but non-acute fall-related SDH in patients aged ≥60 years yielded 41/100 000 persons/year (95% CI 36 to 47). This demographic may represent an MMAE-eligible population, exceeding large vessel stroke rates (31/100 000 persons/year) in the same population, estimating 139 387 potential MMAE cases/year (95% CI 121 517 to 158 168) in the USA.ConclusionMMAE could transform non-acute SDH management, especially in the elderly, potentially surpassing the impact of large vessel stroke. Clinical trials are essential for validation of its efficacy and safety compared with standard management.
Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study
Authors: Belachew Abate Bekele , Rantala Aino K , Jaakkola Maritta S , Hugg Timo T , Sofiev Mikhail , Kukkonen Jaakko , Jaakkola Jouni J K 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThere is inconsistent evidence of the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood. We assessed the effects of individual-level prenatal and early life exposure to air pollutants on the risk of LRTIs in early life.MethodsWe studied 2568 members of the population-based Espoo Cohort Study born between 1984 and 1990 and living in 1991 in the City of Espoo, Finland. Exposure assessment was based on dispersion modelling and land-use regression for lifetime residential addresses. The outcome was a LRTI based on data from hospital registers. We applied Poisson regression to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of LTRIs, contrasting incidence rates in the exposure quartiles to the incidence rates in the first quartile. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the joint effect of the studied air pollutants.ResultsThe risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life was significantly related to exposure to individual and multiple air pollutants, measured with the Multipollutant Index (MPI), including primarily sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with a dry diameter of up to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures in the first year of life, with an adjusted IRR of 1.72 per unit increase in MPI (95% CI 1.20 to 2.47). LRTIs were not related to prenatal exposure.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that ambient air pollution exposure during the first year of life increases the risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life. SO2, PM2.5and NO2were found to contribute the highest weights on health effects.