bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous synthesis of 2‐phenylethanol and L‐homophenylalanine using aromatic transaminase with yeast Ehrlich pathway
Authors: Hwang Joon‐Young , Park Jihyang , Seo Joo‐Hyun , Cha Minho , Cho Byung‐Kwan , Kim Juhan , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: October 2008

Abstract2‐Phenylethanol is a widely used aroma compound with rose‐like fragrance and L‐homophenylalanine is a building block of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. 2‐phenylethanol and L‐homophenylalanine were synthesized simultaneously with high yield from 2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyric acid and L‐phenylalanine, respectively. A recombinant Escherichia coli harboring a coupled reaction pathway comprising of aromatic transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, carbonyl reductase, and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was constructed. In the coupled reaction pathway, the transaminase reaction was coupled with the Ehrlich pathway of yeast; (1) a phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (YDR380W) as the enzyme to generate the substrate for the carbonyl reductase from phenylpyruvate (i.e., byproduct of the transaminase reaction) and to shift the reaction equilibrium of the transaminase reaction, and (2) a carbonyl reductase (YGL157W) to produce the 2‐phenylethanol. Selecting the right carbonyl reductase showing the highest activity on phenylacetaldehyde with narrow substrate specificity was the key to success of the constructing the coupling reaction. In addition, NADPH regeneration was achieved by incorporating the GDH from Bacillus subtilis in the coupled reaction pathway. Based on 40 mM of L‐phenylalanine used, about 96% final product conversion yield of 2‐phenylethanol was achieved using the recombinant E. coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1323–1329. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment strategy after non-curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer
Authors: Oda I , Gotoda T , Sasako M , Sano T , Katai H , Fukagawa T , Shimoda T , Emura F , Saito D 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic resection (ER) is indicated for patients with early gastric cancer who have a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Histological examination of the resected specimen may indicate a possible risk of LNM or a positive resection margin. These patients are considered to have undergone non-curative ER. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate treatment strategy for such patients.

Methods
A total of 298 patients who had non-curative ER were classified into those with a positive lateral margin only (group 1; 72 patients) and those with a possible risk of LNM (group 2; 226 patients).

Results
Surgery was performed within 6 months of non-curative ER in 19 patients in group 1 and 144 in group 2. In group 1, nine patients were found to have local residual tumours, all limited to the mucosal layer without LNM. In Group 2, 13 patients had residual disease, including four local tumours without LNM, two local tumours with LNM and seven cases of LNM alone. The rate of LNM after surgery was 6·3 per cent in group 2.

Conclusion
Surgery remains the standard treatment after non-curative ER in patients with a possible risk of LNM.
Ten-year clinical outcome of a prospective randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic Nissen versus anterior 180° partial fundoplication
Authors: Cai W , Watson D I , Lally C J , Devitt P G , Game P A , Jamieson G G 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
A randomized trial of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and anterior 180° partial fundoplication was undertaken to determine whether the anterior procedure might reduce the incidence of dysphagia and other adverse outcomes following surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. This study evaluated clinical outcomes after 10 years.

Methods
Some 107 patients were randomized to undergo laparoscopic Nissen or anterior 180° partial fundoplication. Ten-year data were not available for 18 patients. Information was obtained from 89 patients (48 Nissen, 41 anterior fundoplication) using a standard clinical questionnaire that focused on symptoms of reflux, potential postoperative side-effects and overall satisfaction with the outcome of surgery.

Results
There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to reflux symptoms, dysphagia, abdominal bloating, ability to belch and overall satisfaction. Between 5 and 10 years after surgery, revisional surgery was required for reflux in two patients after anterior fundoplication. Two patients had revision after Nissen fundoplication, for reflux and recurrent hiatus hernia.

Conclusion
Both laparoscopic anterior 180° partial and Nissen fundoplication are safe, effective and durable at 10 years' follow-up. Most patients are satisfied with the clinical outcome.
Delaying surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer may reduce postoperative morbidity without compromising prognosis
Authors: Kerr S F , Norton S , Glynne-Jones R 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study investigated whether the interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for rectal cancer influences postoperative morbidity or prognosis.MethodsData from 189 patients receiving neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy were examined. Associations between interval length and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed.ResultsThe median interval was 73 (range 6–215) days. Operations performed were abdominoperineal resection (60·3 per cent), anterior resection (37·6 per cent) and Hartmann's procedure (2·1 per cent). Forty-six patients (24·3 per cent) received postoperative chemotherapy. Interval was not significantly associated with pathological tumour (P = 0·648) or node (P = 0·964) category after chemoradiotherapy, or pathological complete response (P = 0·499). Logistic regression showed that shorter intervals (by 1 week) independently predicted anastomotic leakage (odds ratio (OR) 0·97 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·94 to 1·00)) and perineal wound complications (OR 0·97 (0·95 to 0·99)). Interval was not related to local recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 1·01 (95 per cent c.i. 1·00 to 1·02)), metastasis (HR 1·00 (0·99 to 1·01)) or death (HR 1·00 (0·99 to 1·01)). Only circumferential resection margin and nodal involvement were independent predictors of survival.ConclusionDelaying surgery beyond 8 weeks after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy may reduce postoperative morbidity, without compromising prognosis.
Anatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve related to inguinal ligament, adjacent bony landmarks, and femoral artery
Authors: Doklamyai Porames , Agthong Sithiporn , Chentanez Vilai , Huanmanop Thanasil , Amarase Chavarin , Surunchupakorn Purich , Yotnuengnit Pattarapol 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) generally emerges from the pelvis behind the inguinal ligament (IL) to the thigh. Because of its proximity to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and hip joint, the LFCN is prone to injuries during various procedures. Anatomy of this nerve is highly variable among studies. Moreover, measurement data regarding its branches including the differences between genders and sides are still lacking. This study was, therefore, done to clarify these issues. Eighty‐five thighs from 43 cadavers of both genders were dissected at the inguinal region. Distances from each branch of the LFCN to palpable landmarks: the ASIS, pubic tubercle (PT) and femoral artery (FA) were measured along the IL. Up to four branches of the LFCN were found; however, the single trunk was the most common form (>65%). The common site of this pattern on the IL was within 2 cm medial to the ASIS but could be present at over 6 cm. The distances in case of bifurcation were mostly comparable to those of the single trunk. In contrast, the values varied considerably in the cases with three or more branches (three cases). Regarding side and gender, asymmetry in the branching pattern was found in one fourth of specimens. However, only some minor differences between genders or sides in the measurement data were seen. These findings suggest that asymmetry and multiple branches of the LFCN should be concerned. The measurement data are also useful for localizing the LFCN with higher accuracy. Clin. Anat. 21:769–774, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical exposures for distal humerus fractures: A review
Authors: Pollock J. Whitcomb , Athwal George S. , Steinmann Scott P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe majority of distal humerus fractures have complex fracture patterns, with displaced articular segments, requiring operative intervention. The goals of surgery are anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation via an operative approach that balances maximum required exposure with minimum soft tissue or bony disruption that may necessitate postoperative protection. The selection of a surgical approach depends on multiple factors, including, facture pattern, extent of articular involvement, associated soft tissue injury, rehabilitation protocols, and surgeon preference. This review focuses on the various surgical approaches to the distal humerus. Clin. Anat. 21:757–768, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Dynorphin inhibits NEP activity in R1.1 mouse thymoma cells
Authors: Martin‐Kleiner Irena , Balog Tihomir , Marotti Tanja 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe following article from Cell Biochemistry and Function, Dynorphin inhibits NEP activity in R1.1 mouse thymoma cells, by I. Martin‐Kleiner, T. Balog and T. Marotti, published online on 21 October 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Nigel Loveridge, and Wiley‐Blackwell. The retraction has been agreed due to doubts regarding the reproducibility of the data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Water on the Quality of Groundwater Resources in the Jordan Valley, Jordan
Authors: Al Kuisi Mustafa , Aljazzar Taiseer , Rüde Thomas , Margane Armin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe use of reclaimed water and its impact on groundwater quality in the middle and southern parts of the Jordan Valley are investigated. The chemical analyses indicate that nitrate and bacteriological pollution is widespread, and thus, seriously affects groundwater use. During the study, 365 water samples were collected from wells and springs to determine the water chemistry and the extent of nitrate pollution. Three hydrochemical facies are identifed, i. e., (Ca–(Mg)–Na–HCO3), (Ca–Na–SO4–Cl) and (Ca–Na–Cl). The change of facies is accompanied by a gradual increase in the groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS), which is mainly controlled by evaporates and carbonates dissolution in the aquifer matrix. Water analyses indicate that the shallow aquifer in the study area is affected by non‐point pollution sources, primarily from natural (manure) and chemical nitrogen (N)‐fertilizers and treated wastewater used for agriculture. The concentration of nitrate in the groundwater ranges from 10 to 355 mg/L. Considerable seasonal fluctuations in groundwater quality are observed as a consequence of agricultural practices and other factors such as annual rainfall distribution and the Zarqa River flow. The noticeable levels of total coliform and Escherichia coli in the northern part of the study area may be attributed to contamination from the urban areas, intensive livestock production, and illegal dumping of sewage. Heavy metal concentrations in all samples were found to be significantly lower than the permissible limits for drinking water standards.
Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of the Oxime Carbamante Insecticide Alanycarb
Authors: İnam Recai , Çiçek Esma 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAs basis for the development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of the insecticide alanycarb, a study of the differential pulse polarographic (DPP) reduction of alanycarb on a dropping mercury electrode (DME) was performed. The pesticide was found to give a single DP peak over the pH range 1.0 to 6.0 and the pH dependency of the peak potential showed a linear segment with a slope of 65.2 mV (at 20°C). For the analytical DPP method running at pH 6.0 (peak at –503.4 mV), the relationship between the peak current and alanycarb concentration was linear in the range of 1.10 to 9.76 μg mL–1 with a detection limit of 0.33 μg mL–1. The proposed method was applied for the determination of alanycarb in spiked dam water and orange juice samples. The recoveries calculated for both types of dam water and orange juice samples spiked with 12.0 μg mL–1 alanycarb were 96.3 and 99.0% with relative standard deviations of 5.2 and 1.3%, respectively. The sufficiently good recoveries and low relative standard deviations for the data reflect the high accuracy and precision of the proposed differential pulse polarographic method. The effects of diverse metal ions and other commonly used pesticides on the determination of alanycarb were also investigated.
Spontaneous Emergence of Homochirality via Coherently Coupled Antagonistic and Reversible Reaction Cycles
Authors: Mauksch Michael , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis aims at obtaining enantio‐enriched products in stereoselective reactions under a chiral influence. We demonstrate both mathematically and numerically that, even under nominally achiral conditions, fully homochiral steady states can be obtained in open reactive systems by spontaneous mirror‐symmetry breaking in the homogenous solution phase when the autocatalytic reaction network is closed in the form of coherently coupled antagonistic reversible reaction cycles which, paradoxically, allow for complete recycling of the reactant. We show that the fully reversible Frank mechanism for spontaneous mirror‐symmetry breaking is closely related to the Lotka–Volterra system, which models predator–prey relations in ecosystems. Amplification of total enantiomeric excess and the principle of microscopic reversibility are not in conflict for all conceivable reactions. A viable and widely applicable reaction protocol is introduced and discussed, and it permits the theoretical implications to be applied to practical laboratory examples. Implications for the possible origin of biological homochirality on early earth are discussed.
Flow cytometric differential of leukocyte populations in normal bone marrow: Influence of peripheral blood contamination1
Authors: Brooimans R. A. , Kraan J. , van Putten W. , Cornelissen J. J. , Löwenberg B. , Gratama J. W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground:Availability of immunophenotypic reference values for the various leukocyte populations distributed in bone marrow may be helpful to recognize abnormal bone marrow development and, therefore, useful as first screening of individuals with suspected hematological malignancies or other hematopoietic disorders.Methods:A single tube four‐color staining panel (CD66abce/CD14/CD45/CD34) together with a predefined gating strategy was utilized to immunologically differentiate the distribution of the major leukocyte populations in bone marrow aspirates of healthy donors. The sample‐blood erythrocyte ratio was applied to assess the amount of blood contamination of marrow and account for this in the marrow value estimates.Results:The frequency of the major leukocyte populations in bone marrow of 134 normal donors were for granulocytes: mean, 69.4%; SD, 10.3%; monocytes: mean, 4.7%; SD, 2.3%; lymphocytes: mean, 18.3%; SD, 8.7%. The frequency of the immature cell population that included precursor cells of each of the cell lineages among other cell types were mean 5.0%; SD 2.2%. The mean percentage of CD34 positive cells was 1.5%; SD 0.7%. Our results showed further that the frequency of cell populations, of which the presence is restricted to the bone marrow (e.g., CD34+ progenitor cells), is influenced by the degree of peripheral blood admixture. Between the total immature cells and purity of the bone marrow, there was a significant positive correlation demonstrated, whereas a negative correlation was found between the percentages of both lymphocytes as monocytes and the purity of the bone marrow.Conclusions:With a single tube‐staining panel, we obtained reference values for flow cytometric assessment of all relevant leukocyte populations present in bone marrow that can be used as a frame of reference for better recognition of individuals with abnormal hematopoiesis. In addition, we have demonstrated the influence of the degree of peripheral blood admixture in the bone marrow aspirates on those reference values. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Effects of siblings on reproductive maturation and infanticidal behavior in cooperatively breeding Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Saltzman Wendy , Thinda Sumeer , Higgins Alexis L. , Matsumoto Wesley R. , Ahmed Shahen , McGeehan Laura , Kolb Erik M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMongolian gerbils living with their natal families undergo delayed reproductive maturation while helping to rear their younger siblings, whereas those housed away from their natal families may mature earlier but often respond aggressively to unfamiliar pups. We tested whether cohabitation with pups contributes to reproductive suppression and inhibition of infanticidal behavior, using young males and females housed with (1) their parents and younger siblings (pups), (2) parents without pups, (3) mixed‐sex littermate groups, or (4) mixed‐sex groups of unrelated peers. Maturation in males was inhibited by cohabitation with the parents, while maturation in females was further suppressed in the presence of pups. Males in all housing conditions showed little aggression towards unfamiliar pups, whereas females were usually infanticidal unless housed with pups. Aggression toward pups was especially pronounced in females that were pregnant or undergoing ovulatory cycles. Thus, cohabitation with younger siblings may intensify reproductive suppression and inhibit infanticidal behavior in female gerbils, whereas male gerbils exhibit parentally induced reproductive suppression and low rates of infanticide even in the absence of younger siblings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 60–72, 2009
Maternal care can rapidly induce an odor‐guided huddling preference in rat pups
Authors: Kojima Sayuri , Alberts Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOlfactory‐guided huddling is learned and expressed by postnatal day (PND) 15, when rat pups huddle preferentially with conspecifics or with targets bearing an odor previously associated with maternal care. Experiment 1 replicated this induction of an odor‐guided huddling preference with a truncated regime of conditioning with a scented foster dam. Pups exposed to an odor in association with foster maternal care during five daily 2‐hr sessions on PNDs 1–5, 5–9, or 10–14, but not pups merely exposed to the odor, displayed a huddling preference for the conditioned odor, but only when conditioning commenced after PND5. Experiment 2 demonstrated that a single, 2‐hr exposure to a scented foster dam can induce a huddling preference in pups. Analysis of maternal behavior during the 2‐hr conditioning sessions on PND14 revealed that frequency of maternal hovering over pups, but not licking/grooming or duration of contact, was associated with induction of the odor preference. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 95–105, 2009
Diverse expression patterns of LIM‐homeodomain transcription factors (LIM‐HDs) in mammalian inner ear development
Authors: Huang Mingqian , Sage Cyrille , Li Huawei , Xiang Mengquig , Heller Stefan , Chen Zheng‐Yi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLIM‐homeodomain transcription factors (LIM‐HDs) are essential in tissue patterning and differentiation. But their expression patterns in the inner ear are largely unknown. Here we report on a study of twelve LIM‐HDs, by their tempo‐spatial patterns that imply distinct yet overlapping roles, in the developing mouse inner ear. Expression of Lmx1a and Isl1 begins in the otocyst stage, with Lmx1a exclusively in the non‐sensory and Isl1 in the prosensory epithelia. The second wave of expression at E12.5 includes Lhx3, 5, 9, Isl2, and Lmx1b in the differentiating sensory epithelia with cellular specificities. With the exception of Lmx1a and Lhx3, all LIM‐HDs are expressed in ganglion neurons. Expression of multiple LIM‐HDs within a cell type suggests their redundant function. Developmental Dynamics 237:3305–3312, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt11r is required for cranial neural crest migration
Authors: Matthews Helen K. , Broders‐Bondon Florence , Thiery Jean Paul , Mayor Roberto 
Published: October 2008

Abstractwnt11r is a recently identified member of the Wnt family of genes, which has been proposed to be the true Xenopus homologue to the mammalian wnt11 gene. In this study we have examined the role of wnt11r on neural crest development. Expression analysis of wnt11r and comparison with the neural crest marker snail2 and the noncanonical Wnt, wnt11, shows wnt11r is expressed at the medial or neural plate side of the neural crest while wnt11 is expressed at the lateral or epidermal side. Injection of wnt11r morpholino leads to strong inhibition of neural crest migration with no effect on neural crest induction or maintenance. This effect can be rescued by co‐injection of Wnt11r but not by Wnt11 mRNA, demonstrating the specificity of the loss of function treatment. Finally, neural crest graft experiments show that wnt11r is required in a non–cell‐autonomous manner to control neural crest migration. Developmental Dynamics 237:3404–3409, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implication of neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F in retinocollicular map formation
Authors: Claudepierre T. , Koncina E. , Pfrieger F.W. , Bagnard D. , Aunis D. , Reber M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNeural representations of the environment within the brain take the form of topographic maps whose formation relies on graded expression of axon guidance molecules. Retinocollicular map formation, from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to the superior colliculus (SC) in the midbrain, is mainly driven by Eph receptors and their ligands ephrins. However, other guidance molecules participate in the formation of this map. Here we demonstrate that the receptor Neuropilin‐2 is expressed in an increasing nasal–temporal gradient in RGCs, whereas one of its ligands, Semaphorin3F, but not other Sema3 molecules, presents a graded low‐rostral to high‐caudal expression in the SC when mapping is underway. Neuropilin‐2 and its coreceptor Plexin A1 are present on RGC growth cones. Collapse assays demonstrate that Semaphorin3F induces significant growth cone collapse of temporal, but not nasal, RGCs expressing high levels of Neuropilin‐2. Our results suggest that Neuropilin‐2/Semaphorin3F are new candidates involved in retinotopy formation within the SC. Developmental Dynamics 237:3394–3403, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A role for Xvax2 in controlling proliferation of Xenopus ventral eye and brain progenitors
Authors: Liu Mingnan , Liu Yang , Liu Ying , Lupo Giuseppe , Lan Lei , Barsacchi Giuseppina , He Rongqiao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Vax2 homeobox gene plays a crucial role in early dorsoventral patterning of the eye. However, although Vax2 transcripts have been detected in later differentiating eye and brain regions, its possible roles at these stages are still unclear. By immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we extensively compared the expression patterns of Xenopus Vax2 (Xvax2) mRNA and protein. Expression of Xvax2 protein was found to be largely overlapping but more restricted than that of mRNA, suggesting that Xvax2 expression may be also regulated at posttranscriptional levels. During eye and brain neurogenesis, Xvax2 protein was detected in proliferating neural progenitors and postmitotic differentiating cells in ventral regions of both structures. Overexpression of Xvax2 in Xenopus embryos by mRNA microinjection and DNA lipofection appeared to inhibit proliferation in both eye and brain cells, thus pointing to a new potential role for Vax2 in controlling the proliferative properties of ventral eye and brain progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 237:3387–3393, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.