bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment and prognostic impact of transient leukemia in neonates with Down syndrome
Authors: Klusmann Jan-Henning , Creutzig Ursula , Zimmermann Martin , Dworzak Michael , Jorch Norbert , Langebrake Claudia , Pekrun Arnulf , Macakova-Reinhardt Katarina , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: January 2008

AbstractApproximately 10% of the neonates with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit a unique transient leukemia (TL). Though TL resolves spontaneously in most patients, early death and development of myeloid leukemia (ML-DS) may occur. Prognostic factors as well as treatment indication are currently uncertain. To resolve that issue, we prospectively collected clinical, biologic, and treatment data of 146 patients with TL. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 85% plus or minus 3% and 63% plus or minus 4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a correlation between high white blood cell (WBC) count, ascites, preterm delivery, bleeding diatheses, failure of spontaneous remission, and the occurrence of early death. Treatment with cytarabine (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) was administered to 28 patients with high WBC count, thrombocytopenia, or liver dysfunction. The therapy had a beneficial effect on the outcome of those children with risk factors for early death (5-year EFS, 52% ± 12% vs 28% ± 11% [no treatment]; P = .02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated its favorable prognostic impact. A total of 29 (23%) patients with TL subsequently developed ML-DS. Patients with ML-DS with a history of TL had a significantly better 5-year EFS (91% ± 5%) than those without documented TL (70% ± 4%), primarily due to a lower relapse rate. A history of TL may therefore define a lower-risk ML-DS subgroup. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as no. NCT 00111345.
Quantification of the CBD-FITC conjugates surface coating on cellulose fibres
Authors: Pinto Ricardo , Amaral António L , Ferreira Eugénio C , Mota Manuel , Vilanova Manuel , Ruel Katia , Gama Miguel 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Cellulose Binding Domains (CBD) were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The surface concentration of the Binding Domains adsorbed on cellulose fibres was determined by fluorescence image analysis.

Results
For a CBD-FITC concentration of 60 mg/L, a coating fraction of 78% and 110% was estimated for Portucel and Whatman fibres, respectively. For a saturating CBD concentration, using Whatman CF11 fibres, a surface concentration of 25.2 × 10-13 mol/mm2 was estimated, the equivalent to 4 protein monolayers. This result does not imply the existence of several adsorbed protein layers.

Conclusion
It was verified that CBDs were able to penetrate the fibres, according to confocal microscopy and TEM-immunolabelling analysis. The surface concentration of adsorbed CBDs was greater on amorphous fibres (phosphoric acid swollen) than on more crystalline ones (Whatman CF11 and Sigmacell 20).
Down-regulation of transforming growth factor-β type II receptor (TGF-βRII) protein and mRNA expression in cervical cancer
Authors: Diaz-Chavez Jose , Hernandez-Pando Rogelio , Lambert Paul F , Gariglio Patricio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundCervical carcinogenesis is a multistep process initiated by "high risk" human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV), most commonly HPV16. The infectionper seis, however, not sufficient to induce malignant conversion. Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) inhibits epithelial proliferation and altered expression of TGF-β or its receptors may be important in carcinogenesis. One cofactor candidate to initiate neoplasia in cervical cancer is the prolonged exposure to sex hormones. Interestingly, previous studies demonstrated that estrogens suppress TGF-β induced gene expression. To examine the expression of TGF-β2, TGF-βRII, p15 and c-myc we usedin situRT-PCR, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in transgenic mice expressing the oncogene E7 of HPV16 under control of the human Keratin-14 promoter (K14-E7 transgenic mice) and nontransgenic control mice treated for 6 months with slow release pellets of 17β-estradiol.ResultsEstrogen-induced carcinogenesis was accompanied by an increase in the incidence and distribution of proliferating cells solely within the cervical and vaginal squamous epithelium of K14-E7 mice. TGF-β2 mRNA and protein levels increased in K14-E7 transgenic mice as compared with nontransgenic mice and further increased after hormone-treatment in both nontransgenic and transgenic mice. In contrast, TGF-βRII mRNA and protein levels were decreased in K14-E7 transgenic mice compared to nontransgenic mice and these levels were further decreased after hormone treatment in transgenic mice. We also observed that c-myc mRNA levels were high in K14-E7 mice irrespective of estrogen treatment and were increased in estrogen-treated nontransgenic mice. Finally we found that p15 mRNA levels were not increased in K14-E7 mice.ConclusionThese results suggest that the synergy between estrogen and E7 in inducing cervical cancer may in part reflect the ability of both factors to modulate TGF-β signal transduction.
Regulation of Sox9 activity by crosstalk with nuclear factor-κB and retinoic acid receptors
Authors: Rockel Jason S , Kudirka Julie C , Guzi Andrew J , Bernier Suzanne M 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Sox9 and p300 cooperate to induce expression of cartilage-specific matrix proteins, including type II collagen, aggrecan and link protein. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, found in arthritic joints, activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), whereas retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are activated by retinoid agonists, including all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). Like Sox9, the activity of NF-κB and RARs depends upon their association with p300. Separately, both TNF-α and atRA suppress cartilage matrix gene expression. We investigated how TNF-α and atRA alter the expression of cartilage matrix genes.

Methods
Primary cultures of rat chondrocytes were treated with TNF-α and/or atRA for 24 hours. Levels of transcripts encoding cartilage matrix proteins were determined by Northern blot analyses and quantitative real-time PCR. Nuclear protein levels, DNA binding and functional activity of transcription factors were assessed by immunoblotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and reporter assays, respectively.

Results
Together, TNF-α and atRA diminished transcript levels of cartilage matrix proteins and Sox9 activity more than each factor alone. However, neither agent altered nuclear levels of Sox9, and TNF-α did not affect protein binding to the Col2a1 48-base-pair minimal enhancer sequence. The effect of TNF-α, but not that of atRA, on Sox9 activity was dependent on NF-κB activation. Furthermore, atRA reduced NF-κB activity and DNA binding. To address the role of p300, we over-expressed constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (caMEKK)1 to increase p300 acetylase activity. caMEKK1 enhanced basal NF-κB activity and atRA-induced RAR activity. Over-expression of caMEKK1 also enhanced basal Sox9 activity and suppressed the inhibitory effects of TNF-α and atRA on Sox9 function. In addition, over-expression of p300 restored Sox9 activity suppressed by TNF-α and atRA to normal levels.

Conclusion
NF-κB and RARs converge to reduce Sox9 activity and cartilage matrix gene expression, probably by limiting the availability of p300. This process may be critical for the loss of cartilage matrix synthesis in inflammatory joint diseases. Therefore, agents that increase p300 levels or activity in chondrocytes may be useful therapeutically.
A long-term follow-up study investigating health-related quality of life and resource use in survivors of severe sepsis: comparison of recombinant human activated protein C with standard care
Authors: Longo Christopher J , Heyland Daren K , Fisher Harold N , Fowler Robert A , Martin Claudio M , Day Andrew G 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Recombinant human activated protein C (APC) therapy has been shown to reduce short-term mortality in patients with severe sepsis. However, survivors of sepsis may have long-term complications affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resource utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effect of APC on long-term HRQoL and resource utilization compared with a nonrandomized control group that received standard care.

Methods
This was an observational cohort study at nine Canadian intensive care units. Patients with severe sepsis who survived to 28 days were recruited. Patients who received APC formed the treatment group and those that did not formed the standard care group. Patients who did not receive APC because of central nervous system bleeding risk were excluded from the standard care group. HRQoL (determined using the 36-item Short Form) and resource use were recorded at 28 days, and 3, 5 and 7 months.

Results
One hundred patients were enrolled (64 in the standard care group and 36 in the APC group), with 70 patients completing all follow-up visits. Over the 6 months of follow up, APC-treated patients exhibited statistically significantly better scores for the physical component score (P = 0.04) and trends toward improvements in physical functioning (P = 0.12), role physical (P = 0.10) and bodily pain (P = 0.14) as compared with standard care patients. Shorter hospital length of stay was observed for the APC group (36 days versus 48 days; P = 0.05).

Conclusion
These findings challenge earlier assumptions suggesting equivalent HRQoL and resource use in APC-treated and standard care patients who survive severe sepsis.
Impaired Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Tolerance Is an Early Defect in the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Brassard P. , Frisch F. , Lavoie F. , Cyr D. , Bourbonnais A. , Cunnane S. C. , Patterson B. W. , Drouin R. , Baillargeon J.-P. , Carpentier A. C. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Context: Abnormal plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Objectives: Our objectives were to demonstrate whether there is a defect in insulin-mediated suppression of plasma NEFA appearance (RaNEFA) and oxidation (OxNEFA) during enhanced intravascular triacylglycerol lipolysis early in the natural history of type 2 diabetes, and if so, to determine whether other mechanisms than reduced insulin-mediated suppression of intracellular lipolysis are involved.
Design: These are cross-sectional studies.
Setting: The studies were performed at an academic clinical research center.
Participants: Nine healthy subjects with both parents with type 2 diabetes (FH+) and nine healthy subjects with no first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes (FH−) with similar anthropometric features were included in the studies.
Interventions: Pancreatic clamps and iv infusion of stable isotopic tracers ([1,1,2,3,3-2H5]-glycerol and [U-13C]-palmitate or [1,2-13C]-acetate) were performed while intravascular triacylglycerol lipolysis was simultaneously clamped by iv infusion of heparin plus Intralipid at low (fasting) and high insulin levels. Oral nicotinic acid (NA) was used to inhibit intracellular lipolysis.
Main Outcome Measures: RaNEFA and OxNEFA were determined.
Results: During heparin plus Intralipid infusion at high plasma insulin levels, and despite similar intravascular lipolytic rates, FH+ had higher RaNEFA and OxNEFA than FH− (RaNEFA: 17.4 ± 6.3 vs. 9.2 ± 4.2; OxNEFA: 4.5 ± 1.8 vs. 2.3 ± 1.5 μmol/kg lean body mass/min), independent of NA intake, gender, age, and body composition. In the presence of NA, insulin-mediated suppression of RaNEFA was still observed in FH−, but not in FH+.
Conclusions: Increased RaNEFA and OxNEFA during intravascular lipolysis at high insulin levels occur early in the natural history of type 2 diabetes.
Multi-Matrix System Mesalamine: To Use or Not To Use
Authors: Kale-Pradhan Pramodini B , Pradhan Rohan S , Wilhelm Sheila M 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To evaluate the role of Multi-Matrix System (MMX) mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Data Sources: Literature was obtained through searches of MEDLINE (1966–October 2007) and a bibliographic review of published articles. Key terms used in the searches included ulcerative colitis, mesalamine, MMX, SPD476, and Lialda. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language articles that were identified through the search were evaluated. All primary literature was included in the review. Data Synthesis: The standard treatment for the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with mi Id-to-moderate UC is aminosalicylate products (mesalamine, sulfasalazine, batasalazide, olsalazine). Current mesalamine formulations are not idea) for long-term treatment due to issues with patient adherence secondary to complex dosing regimens and high pill burden. Clinical studies show that MMX mesalamine achieves clinical and endoscopic remission more frequently compared with placebo or mesalamine enema. Patients receiving MMX mesalamine achieved statistically significant clinical and endoscopic remission when compared with those taking placebo (34.1% vs 12.9%; p < 0.001 with 2.4 g/day vs placebo, and 29.2% vs 12.9%; p = 0.009 with 4.8 g/day vs placebo). Similarly, in another study, significantly more patients achieved remission in the MMX mesalamine groups compared with patients in the placebo group (40.5% vs 22.1% with 2.4 g/day vs placebo; p = 0.01, and 41.2% vs 22.1% with 4.8 g/day vs placebo; p = 0.007). MMX mesalamine is well tolerated, with headache, flatulence, and abdominal pain being the most frequently reported adverse events. Conclusions: Current evidence supports the use of MMX mesalamine for treatment of mi Id-to-moderate UC by demonstrating that MMX mesalamine 2.4–4.8 g daily induces remission. It has the advantage of once-daily dosing regimens with lower pill burden than comparable products and, as an oral agent, may have better patient acceptability compared with topical mesalamine formulations. Therefore, MMX mesalamine is an option in patients with UC. The cost of MMX mesalamine is comparable to that of oral and rectal formulations of mesalamine. Further pharmacoeconomic studies are warranted to examine the cost impact of MMX mesalamine.
The Social Dynamics of Technical Innovation in the Computing World*
Authors: Kling Rob , Gerson Elihu M. 
Published: January 2008

The “computing world,” all those people and groups that collectively produce computers and computer‐based services is an especially complex, dynamic and diffuse social world. Technical innovation is a dominant feature of the world. It is organized to provide a continuous flow of innovations from participants who specialize in innovation through many other participants to the final consumers of computer‐based services. Technical innovations often flow across a large number of “markets” which are composed of only a few classes of participants such as “innovators” and “vendors” or of “users” and “consumers.”This paper identifies the major orientations taken on by participants in the computing world and examines some of the markets across which innovations are negotiated. The computing world is organized so that each market is biased in favor of innovations moving from suppliers to their customers. From this viewpoint, “innovation” is a dominant structural interest in computing around which participants organize their activities and to which they must continually adjust.
Problematic Bodies: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Olesen Virginia L. 
Published: January 2008

Good Days, Bad Days: The Self in Chronic Illness and Time, by Kathy Charmaz.At The Will of The Body: Reflections on Illness, by Arthur W. Frank.The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory, edited by Mike Featherstone, Mike Hepworth, and Bryan S. Turner.
Traveling With the Ball Club: A Code of Conduct for Wives Only
Authors: Ortiz Steven M. 
Published: January 2008

When they accompany their husbands on road trips, the wives of major league baseball players must follow an unwritten code of conduct, a code socially constructed and enforced by men. This code is reflected in the way wives and ballplayers interact on airplanes and buses, and most strikingly, in the requirement that wives stay out of hotel bars where the team is staying. These interactions within a code reflecting female conformity to male dominance, and preserving male privileges, provide a lens through which we can inspect gender inequity and marital inequity, including what can fairly be called institutionalized adultery.We always talk about the unwritten rule book of being a baseball wife. We have our own rules. There's these unwritten rules that you do and you don't do. That's why everybody thinks that every wife should have to go into the minor league system, and not straight into the big leagues.—Marsha
Identity and the Definition of the Situation in a Mass‐Mediated Context
Authors: Altheide David L. 
Published: January 2008

The importance of identity and the definition of the situation for symbolic interactionist theory and research are discussed. These two concepts have been separated in much research since the 1970s, with identity being used in a variety of ways. This separation is partly attributed to paradigm shifts in social science, as well as to popular culture treatments of identity. Popular culture's emphasis on “collective” and “personal” identities is processed through entertainment formats that emphasize emotional and vicarious involvement, drama and action. Materials illustrate the presence of a mass‐mediated generalized other, media communities, and the significance this has for realist and postrealist ethnography. Suggestions are offered for a reintegration of identity and the definition of the situation in ethnographic work.Sexvideos are total fantasy. But people have to realize that even in a fantasy you have to deal with reality.—Pornographic film actress
Hard Jobs and Good Ambition: U.S. Army Generals and the Rhetoric of Modesty
Authors: Dowd James J. 
Published: January 2008

This article examines the accounts given by U.S. Army general officers explaining their success. Based on interviews with sixty‐two generals, I describe the ways in which these officers—whose profession renounces careerism and self‐aggrandizement—fashion explanations of their success (and the success of their colleagues) as being due to selfless service. Even as they have reached the zenith of success in their field, these men and women are not free to admit to personal ambition or to a desire for promotion. Their accounts of their success emphasize their good fortune, hard work, and love of the service. Eschewing personal ambition, they cite as their primary responsibility the well‐being of the soldiers under their command. When asked directly about their extraordinarily successful careers, they almost uniformly acknowledge their willingness to accept the “hard jobs” the organization has asked them to assume. When asked about ambition, they routinely distinguish between good and bad ambition, a distinction that aligns almost perfectly with that between unit and self. Although they are warriors, specialists in the art of war, this is a group that is also practiced in modesty.I think I've had good ambition.(Division Commander, Interview #53)
Professionals' Accounts for Work‐related Deceptions
Authors: Shulman David 
Published: January 2008

Using interview and observational data, this article analyzes how private detectives account for using work‐related deceptions, I place special emphasis on how practitioners' accounts draw on professional affiliations and organizational resources that are less available to individuals in their private lives. These affiliations and resources include economic and demographic characteristics of employers, practitioners, clients and investigative targets, state licensing, the profession's social repute, and asymmetries in specialized knowledge between practitioners and laypersons. The conclusion addresses how accounts for work‐related deceptions benefit professionals through advantaging them over targets, obscuring harmful consequences of work, and helping them and their clients to avoid negative labeling.If you call someone up and say, “Hi, would you mind telling me where your brother is, so that I can put his ass in jail for the next five years,” you won't last too long in the private detective business.—Anonymous private detective
Interactive Art Interpretation: How Viewers Make Sense of Paintings in Conversation
Authors: Bruder Kurt A. , Ucok Ozum 
Published: January 2008

This study explores the talk of viewers as they encountered paintings in an art gallery. An inductive analysis of conversations recorded between viewers and one of the researchers resulted in the identification of three categories of art talk: Evaluation, Attraction, and Storytelling. Further, the authors distinguish two design features governing this kind of talk, Narration and Reification.Viewers verbalize their experience of paintings in order to interactively manufacture meaning. This sense‐making process is consequential not merely for the viewers' understanding of the artwork but for their conception of the world, and of themselves and others in it. Perhaps most significant, viewers employ artwork as a material and symbolic resource in the ceaseless interactive fabrication of their own identities.
Youth in Foster Care With Adult Mentors During Adolescence Have Improved Adult Outcomes
Authors: Ahrens Kym R. , DuBois David Lane , Richardson Laura P. , Fan Ming-Yu , Lozano Paula 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal of this study was to determine whether youth in foster care with natural mentors during adolescence have improved young adult outcomes.
METHODS. We used data from waves I to III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994–2002). Individuals who reported that they had ever been in foster care at wave III were included. Youth were considered mentored when they reported the presence of a nonparental adult mentor in their life after they were 14 years of age and reported that the relationship began before 18 years of age and had lasted for at least 2 years. Outcomes were assessed at wave III and included measures of education/employment, psychological well-being, physical health, and participation in unhealthy behaviors as well as a summary measure representing the total number of positive outcomes.
RESULTS. A total of 310 youth met the inclusion criteria; 160 youth were mentored, and 150 youth were nonmentored. Demographic characteristics were similar for mentored and nonmentored youth. Mentored youth were more likely to report favorable overall health and were less likely to report suicidal ideation, having received a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection, and having hurt someone in a fight in the past year. There was also a borderline significant trend toward more participation in higher education among mentored youth. On the summary measure, mentored youth had, on average, a significantly greater number of positive outcomes than nonmentored youth.
CONCLUSIONS. Mentoring relationships are associated with positive adjustment during the transition to adulthood for youth in foster care. Strategies to support natural mentoring relationships for this population should be developed and evaluated.