bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Stroke Impairments of Manual Dexterity and Finger Proprioception: Their Contribution to Upper Limb Activity Capacity
Authors: van Ravestyn Coralie , Gerardin Eloïse , Térémetz Maxime , Hamdoun Sonia , Baron Jean-Claude , Calvet David , Vandermeeren Yves , Turc Guillaume , Maier Marc A. , Rosso Charlotte , Mas Jean-Louis , Dupin Lucile , Lindberg Påvel G. 
Published: April 2024

Background Knowing how impaired manual dexterity and finger proprioception affect upper limb activity capacity is important for delineating targeted post-stroke interventions for upper limb recovery. Objectives To investigate whether impaired manual dexterity and finger proprioception explain variance in post-stroke activity capacity, and whether they explain more variance than conventional clinical assessments of upper limb sensorimotor impairments. Methods Activity capacity and hand sensorimotor impairments were assessed using clinical measures in N = 42 late subacute/chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Dexterity was evaluated using the Dextrain Manipulandum to quantify accuracy of visuomotor finger force-tracking (N = 36), timing of rhythmic tapping (N = 36), and finger individuation (N = 24), as well as proprioception (N = 27). Stepwise multivariate and hierarchical linear regression models were used to identify impairments best explaining activity capacity. Results Dexterity and proprioceptive components significantly increased the variance explained in activity capacity: (i) Box and Block Test was best explained by baseline tonic force during force-tracking and tapping frequency (adjusted R2 = .51); (ii) Motor Activity Log was best explained by success rate in finger individuation (adjusted R2 = .46); (iii) Action Research Arm Test was best explained by release of finger force and proprioceptive measures (improved reaction time related to use of proprioception; adjusted R2 = .52); and (iv) Moberg Pick-Up test was best explained by proprioceptive function (adjusted R2 = .18). Models excluding dexterity and proprioception variables explained up to 19% less variance. Conclusions Manual dexterity and finger proprioception explain unique variance in activity capacity not captured by conventional impairment measures and should be assessed when considering the underlying causes of post-stroke activity capacity limitations. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03934073.
Metal Bioaccumulation and Assemblage Attributes for Anurans in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Authors: Chávez-Ramírez Eduardo Aarón , Mussali-Galante Patricia , Tovar-Sánchez Efraín , Ochoa-Ochoa Leticia M. , Mercado-Silva Norman 
Published: April 2024

Background and Research Aims: Morphological and physiological effects of anthropogenic metals have been the focus of several studies in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve (REBIOSH, Mexico) but little is known about how they affect anurans in the area. We evaluated metal bioaccumulation in anurans from streams in the REBIOSH and examined anuran communities in five sites at different positions relative to abandoned mine tailings.Methods: Three and two sites were located upstream and downstream from mine tailings, respectively. We collected anuran community information and obtained sediment, water and liver samples for metal quantification from each site.Results: Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn in water, and Zn, Mn, Fe and Cr in sediment, were significantly different among sites. We found bioaccumulation of Pb, Zn and Fe in livers of Smilisca baudinii, Lithobates spectabilis, L. zweifeli and Rhinella horribilis, species with different life traits. We found similar among-site species richness and diversity. Communities were dominated by L. zweifeli, R. horribilis and S. baudinii. Dominance was highest in sites distant from mine tailings. Agalychnis dacnicolor, Tlalocohyla smithii and Hypopachus variolosus were only present in sites located closest to mine tailings.Conclusion: We did not detect an effect of metal bioacummulation on anuran communities, but our findings suggest a potential effect on certain species in the protected area. Our results form a baseline for future explorations of the impacts of metals in the region.Implications for Conservation: Toxic metal bioaccumulation has potential for reducing anuran genetic variability and altering sexual proportions and fecundity, potentially leading to anuran extirpations. We provide first evidence for metal bioaccumulation in anurans in the protected area, and one of few studies on its anuran communities. Our evidence can serve as guidance to ameliorate effects of legacy metal mining in this biodiversity hotspot.
Cardiovascular risk, social vigilance, and stress profiles of male law enforcement officers versus civilians
Authors: White Shannon C , Ruiz John M , Allison Matthew , Uchino Bert N , Smith Timothy W , Taylor Daniel J , Jones Dusti R , Russell Michael A , Ansell Emily B , Smyth Joshua M 
Published: April 2024

This study examined the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles of male law enforcement officers (LEOs) and civilians. CVD risk profiles were based on data collected using traditional objective (e.g., resting BP, cholesterol), novel objective (e.g., ambulatory BP) and self-report measures (e.g., EMA social vigilance). A subset of male LEOs ( n = 30, M age = 41.47, SD = 8.03) and male civilians ( n = 120, M age = 40.73, SD = 13.52) from a larger study were included in analyses. Results indicated LEOs had significantly higher body mass index [BMI], 31.17 kg/m2 versus 28.87 kg/m2, and exhibited significantly higher trait and state social vigilance across multiple measures, whereas perceived stress was higher among civilians. Findings highlight the need for future research examining CVD risk associated with occupational health disparities, including attributes of individuals entering certain professions as well as experiential and environmental demands of the work.
CD4+ CAR T-cell exhaustion associated with early relapse of multiple myeloma after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Ledergor Guy , Fan Zenghua , Wu Kai , McCarthy Elizabeth , Hyrenius-Wittsten Axel , Starzinski Alec , Chang Hewitt , Bridge Mark , Kwek Serena , Cheung Alexander , Bylsma Sophia , Hansen Erik , Wolf Jeffrey , Wong Sandy , Shah Nina , Roybal Kole T. , Martin Thomas , Ye Chun J. , Fong Lawrence 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by frequent clinical relapses after conventional therapy. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been established as a treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. However, although &gt;70% of patients initially respond to this treatment, clinical relapse and disease progression occur in most cases. Recent studies showed persistent expression of BCMA at the time of relapse, indicating that immune-intrinsic mechanisms may contribute to this resistance. Although there were no preexisting T-cell features associated with clinical outcomes, we found that patients with a durable response to CAR T-cell treatment had greater persistence of their CAR T cells than patients with transient clinical responses. They also possessed a significantly higher proportion of CD8+ T-effector memory cells. In contrast, patients with short-lived responses to treatment have increased frequencies of cytotoxic CD4+ CAR T cells. These cells expand in vivo early after infusion but express exhaustion markers (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 [HAVCR2] and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3 [TIGIT]) and remain polyclonal. Finally, we demonstrate that nonclassical monocytes are enriched in the myeloma niche and may induce CAR T-cell dysfunction through mechanisms that include transforming growth factor β. These findings shed new light on the role of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in disease progression after CAR T-cell therapy.
Circulating biomarkers and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the INMARK trial
Authors: Maher Toby M. , Jenkins R. Gisli , Cottin Vincent , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Noth Imre , Selman Moisés , Song Jin Woo , Ittrich Carina , Diefenbach Claudia , Stowasser Susanne , White Eric S. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundWe used data from the INMARK trial to investigate associations between circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, inflammation and epithelial dysfunction and disease progression in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).MethodsSubjects with IPF and forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥80% predicted were randomised 1:2 to receive nintedanib 150 mg twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks followed by open-label nintedanib for 40 weeks. Associations between baseline biomarker levels and the proportion of subjects with disease progression (decline in FVC ≥10% predicted or death) over 52 weeks were assessed in subjects randomised to placebo using logistic regression. Associations between baseline demographic/clinical characteristics and biomarker levels and disease progression over 52 weeks were analysed using multivariate models.ResultsOf 230 subjects who received placebo for 12 weeks then open-label nintedanib for 40 weeks, 70 (30.4%) had disease progression over 52 weeks. Baseline levels of CRPM (C-reactive protein (CRP) degraded by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/8), C3M (collagen 3 degraded by MMP-9), CRP, KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen-6) and SP-D (surfactant protein D) were not significantly associated with disease progression over 52 weeks in analyses corrected for multiple comparisons. In models including only baseline demographic/clinical characteristics, 61.2–64.2% of subjects were correctly classified as having or not having disease progression over 52 weeks. When both demographic/clinical characteristics and biomarker levels were included in the models, 50.0–64.5% of the test set were correctly classified.ConclusionsAmong subjects with IPF and preserved FVC, multivariate models based on demographic/clinical characteristics and biomarker levels at baseline did not provide an accurate prediction of which patients would progress.
Elevating community well-being in mining areas: the proposal of the mining area sustainability index (MASI)
Authors: Yu Haoxuan , Zahidi Izni , Fai Chow Ming , Liang Dongfang , Madsen Dag Øivind 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn response to the urgent environmental and social challenges posed by mining operations, this paper introduces the Mining Area Sustainability Index (MASI), a novel framework aimed at transforming the mining sector towards sustainable practices. Mining activities have historically led to significant environmental degradation, including water contamination and habitat destruction, contributing to climate change and biodiversity loss. These activities also have profound social implications, such as displacing communities, endangering health, and distributing economic benefits inequitably, often leaving local communities in developing countries marginalized. Recognizing these challenges, this paper outlines the consolidation and standardization in sustainability reporting within the mining sector as a pivotal development. The introduction of international standards by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) and the European Union's European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) marks significant strides towards enhancing transparency, accountability, and sustainability across mining operations. Furthermore, the concept of double materiality, assessing both financial and social impacts of mining, represents an advancement in comprehending the broader societal impacts of mining alongside its environmental and economic effects. MASI emerges as a comprehensive tool designed to assess the sustainability of mining areas, offering a nuanced understanding of mining activities' impacts on local environments, societies, and economies. By focusing on localized, community-centric evaluations, MASI aims to fill existing gaps in sustainability assessment and provide a reference for local residents to gauge the sustainability of their surroundings. This framework advocates for a multidimensional approach to sustainability, encompassing ecological preservation, social welfare, and economic viability, urging a reimagined, sustainable future for mining communities.
Assessment of bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility status, and associated factors of isolates among hospitalized patients at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Assefa , Seid Abdurahaman , Tadesse Selamyhun , Abebe Wagaw , Shibabaw Agumas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria among hospitalized patients are becoming a major public health threat worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Infections by these multidrug resistant pathogens cause high rate of mortality, prolong hospital stays, and affect individual and country economies in greater amounts. Thus, this study aimed to assess the bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility status, and associated factors of isolates from hospitalized patients at the Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Methodology
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2021. Consecutive sampling was used to select the study participants. All bacterial isolates were identified using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Of 384 clinical samples (blood, urine, stool, wound, vaginal discharge, and ear discharge) processed 180 (46.9%) were culture positive. Overall, Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate (41; 22.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (36; 20%). Most of the isolates were from blood (70; 38.9%). The level of overall drug resistance of the gram-negative bacteria isolates for ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole was (104; 88.1%), (79; 75.9%), and (78; 75.0%), respectively. The overall multidrug rate of isolates was 143 (79.4%). Variables such as history of invasive procedures, chronic underlying diseases, history of hospitalization, and habit of eating raw animal products were statistically significant for the acquisition of bacterial infection.

Conclusions and recommendation
E. Coli and S. aureus were the most common isolates. Most of the isolates were resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. And also, consumption of raw animal products, chronic underlying disease, previous hospitalization, history of invasive procedures, and educational status were associated with the acquisition of bacterial infections. Therefore, routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing, proper patient management, wise use of antibiotics in clinical settings and health education are recommended.
Neutrophil extracellular traps formation: effect of Leishmania major promastigotes and salivary gland homogenates of Phlebotomus papatasi in human neutrophil culture
Authors: Firouzjaie Fahimeh , Taghipour Niloofar , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Seyyed Tabaei Seyyed Javad , Rouhani Soheila , Shirazian Maryam , Koochaki Ameneh , Fatemi Mahboubeh , Mosaffa Nariman , Moin Vaziri Vahideh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Leishmaniasis as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) is caused by the inoculation of Leishmania parasites via the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. After an infected bite, a series of innate and adaptive immune responses occurs, among which neutrophils can be mentioned as the initiators. Among the multiple functions of these fighting cells, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were studied in the presence of Leishmania major promastigotes and salivary gland homogenates (SGH) of Phlebotomus papatasi alone, and in combination to mimic natural conditions of transmission.

Material & methods
The effect of L. major and SGH on NETs formation was studied in three different groups: neutrophils + SGH (NS), neutrophils + L. major (NL), neutrophils + L. major + SGH (NLS) along with negative and positive controls in 2, 4 and 6 h post-incubation. Different microscopic methods were used to visualize NETs comprising: fluorescence microscopy by Acridine Orange/ Ethidium Bromide staining, optical microscopy by Giemsa staining and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the expression level of three different genes NE, MPO and MMP9 was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.

Results
All three microscopical methods revealed similar results, as in NS group, chromatin extrusion as a sign of NETosis, was not very evident in each three time points; but, in NL and especially NLS group, more NETosis was observed and the interaction between neutrophils and promastigotes in NL and also with saliva in NLS group, gradually increased over times. Real-time reveals that, the expression of MPO, NE and MMP9 genes increased during 2 and 4 h after exposure, and then decreased at 6 h in most groups.

Conclusion
Hence, it was determined that the simultaneous presence of parasite and saliva in NLS group has a greater impact on the formation of NETs compared to NL and NS groups.
Physiological and oxidative stress response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to jumping plant-louse Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) infestation
Authors: Đurić Marija , Jevremović Slađana , Trifunović-Momčilov Milana , Milošević Snežana , Subotić Angelina , Jerinić-Prodanović Dušanka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Carrot is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide. The major economic problem in carrot cultivation is yellow disease caused by Bactericera trigonica, which induces biotic stress and has the greatest impact on crop productivity. Comprehensive studies on the mechanism of carrot defense response to biotic stress caused by B. trigonica infestation have yet to be conducted.

Methods
The changes in photosynthetic pigments, proline, TPC, H2O2 and MDA content, DPPH radical scavenging ability, and antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and POX in carrot leaves in response to insect sex (female and male), rapid response (during the first six hours), and long-term response to B. trigonica infestation were evaluated.

Results
The results of our study strongly suggest that B. trigonica infestation causes significant changes in primary and secondary metabolism and oxidative status of carrot leaves. Photosynthetic pigment content, TPC, and DPPH and CAT activities were significantly reduced in carrot leaves in response to insect infestation. On the other hand, proline, H2O2 content, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were increased in carrot leaves after B. trigonica infestation. The results indicate that B. trigonica attenuates and delays the oxidative stress responses of carrot, allowing long-term feeding without visible changes in the plant. Carrot responded to long-term B. trigonica infestation with an increase in SOD and POX activity, suggesting that these enzymes may play a key role in plant defense mechanisms.

Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive study strongly suggesting that B. trigonica infestation causes significant changes in primary and secondary metabolism and an attenuated ROS defense response in carrot leaves that enables long-term insect feeding. The information provides new insights into the mechanisms of carrot protection against B. trigonica infestation.
Native T1-mapping as a predictor of progressive renal function decline in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Shi Zhaoyu , Sun Chen , Zhou Fei , Yuan Jianlei , Chen Minyue , Wang Xinyu , Wang Xinquan , Zhang Yuan , Pylypenko Dmytro , Yuan Li 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the potential of Native T1-mapping in predicting the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
We enrolled 119 CKD patients as the study subjects and included 20 healthy volunteers as the control group, with follow-up extending until October 2022. Out of these patients, 63 underwent kidney biopsy measurements, and these patients were categorized into high (25–50%), low (< 25%), and no renal interstitial fibrosis (IF) (0%) groups. The study's endpoint event was the initiation of renal replacement therapy, kidney transplantation, or an increase of over 30% in serum creatinine levels. Cox regression analysis determined factors influencing unfavorable kidney outcomes. We employed Kaplan–Meier analysis to contrast kidney survival rates between the high and low T1 groups. Additionally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive accuracy of Native T1-mapping for kidney endpoint events.

Results
T1 values across varying fibrosis degree groups showed statistical significance (F = 4.772, P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression pinpointed 24-h urine protein, cystatin C(CysC), hemoglobin(Hb), and T1 as factors tied to the emergence of kidney endpoint events. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed a markedly higher likelihood of kidney endpoint events in the high T1 group compared to the low T1 value group (P < 0.001). The ROC curves for variables (CysC, T1, Hb) tied to kidney endpoint events demonstrated area under the curves(AUCs) of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.75–0.91) for CysC, 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68–0.86) for T1, and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.63–0.83) for Hb. Combining these variables elevated the AUC to 0.88 (95%CI: 0.81–0.94).

Conclusion
Native T1-mapping holds promise in facilitating more precise and earlier detection of CKD patients most at risk for end-stage renal disease.