bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing acute health effects of substitute fungicides: Are first‐aid reports effective?
Authors: Teschke Kay , Hertzman Clyde , Wiens Michele , Dimich‐Ward Helen , Hershler Ruth , Ostry Aleck , Kelly Shona J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecently, many British Columbia sawmills stopped using traditional chlorophenate anti‐sapstain fungicides and substituted 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) and copper‐8‐quinolinolate (Copper 8). We conducted a cross‐sectional study with two aims: to ascertain which acute health effects, if any, were associated with the use of the substitute fungicides; and to determine the effectiveness of first‐aid records as a means of detecting acute health outcomes. Workers in five coastal sawmills were asked to complete a self‐administered questionnaire about symptoms considered potentially related and unrelated to fungicide exposure, and about injuries commonly reported in sawmills. In addition, we collected first‐aid records from the mills, and asked senior workers to estimate the duration of exposure to fungicides for each job.Symptoms found to be consistently elevated in TCMTB mills included dry skin around the eyes, blood‐stained mucus from the nose, nose bleed, peeling skin, burning or itching skin, and skin redness or rash. No symptoms were consistently elevated in the Copper 8 mills. Symptoms related to TCMTB exposure were recorded only 12 times in first‐aid logs during the study period (versus 335 questionnaire self‐reports). This low symptom‐recording frequency may be a function of established patterns of first‐aid use in which illness symptoms are reported less frequently than injuries.
Immunological status and respiratory findings in furriers
Authors: Zuskin Eugenija , Kanceljak Bozica , Stilinovic Luka , Schachter E. Neil , Kopjar Branko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe studied 42 women occupationally exposed in the fur manufacturing industry (mean age: 34 years, mean duration of exposure: 11 years). The highest prevalence of positive immediate skin reactions to antigen of animal hair was found for marten (10%), followed by fox and lamb (7%), mink (5%), and Chinese lamb, domestic fox, and Chinese calf (2%). Precipitating antibodies were demonstrated for lamb (17%), astrakhan (14%), mink, domestic fox and skunk (12%), Chinese lamb (10%), and Chinese calf (7%). Increased total IgE was found in 9.5% of subjects. Chronic symptoms were consistently more prevalent among workers with positive skin tests and positive precipitins than among workers with negative tests. A high prevalence of acute symptoms during the work shift was found among furriers. The prevalence of these symptoms was higher among workers with positive precipitating antibodies than among those with negative studies but not for workers with positive skin tests. Mean acute reductions in ventilatory capacity over the work shift were recorded for most ventilatory parameters. In general, greater drops in respiratory parameters occurred in individuals with positive precipitins (e.g., FEVp:—6.5% vs. —2.8%; positive vs. negative precipitins) but not in those with positive skin tests. Our study suggests that workers in the fur manufacturing industry develop acute and chronic respiratory problems often associated with specific indicators of atopy.
Adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status in the california occupational mortality study
Authors: Beaumont James J. , Singleton James A. , Doebbert Gwendolyn , Riedmiller Kathryn R. , Brackbill Robert M. , Kizer Kenneth W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents methods for adjusting for smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status in death certificate‐based occupational mortality surveillance. The methods were applied in the California Occupational Mortality Study, a statewide study of rates based on 180,000 deaths and census estimates of occupations. For each occupation, levels of smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status were estimated using National Health Interveiw Survey and U.S. Census data, and an empirical Bayes procedure was used to improve the stability of smoking and alcohol estimates for small occupations. Expected death rates for occupations were calculated by modeling rates as a function of age, smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status with Poisson regression. The effect of adjustment was usually moderate and in the expected direction, and the adjusted mortality ratios were generally closer to 1.0. Full data on agricultural occupations are presented for illustration.
Questionnaire survey of masters, mates, and pilots of a state ferries system on health, social, and performance indices relevant to shift work
Authors: Sparks Patricia J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA questionnaire survey of health, social, and performance indices related to shiftwork among masters, mates, and pilots of a State Ferries System was performed in response to a joint request from labor and management. The questionnaire results for the group as a whole resembled those reported for other groups of shiftworkers. Significantly more sick days, dissatisfaction with work schedules, poor sleep patterns, physician consultations for insomnia, and reports of errors of judgement and near misses attributed to fatigue were reported on the ferry run with one of the most erratic schedules compared to all other runs, suggesting the need for further study.
Silicosis surveillance in New Jersey: Targeting workplaces using occupational disease and exposure surveillance data
Authors: Valiante David J. , Richards Thomas B. , Kinsley Kathleen B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo identify workplaces in New Jersey with potential for silica exposure, the New Jersey Department of Health compared four‐digit Standard Industrial Classifications (SICs) identified by three different data sources: the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES), a new Jersey silicosis case registry, and regulatory agency compliance inspections in New Jersey. In total, the three data sources identified 204 SICs in New Jersey with potential for silica exposure. Forty‐five percent of these SICs were identified by NOES only, 16% by registry cases only, 6% by compliance inspections only, and 33% by two or more sources. Since different surveillance sources implicate different SICs, this type of analysis is a useful first step in planning programs for prevention of silicosis.
Auditory event‐related potential (P300) in relation to peripheral nerve conduction in workers exposed to lead, zinc, and copper: Effects of lead on cognitive function and central nervous system
Authors: Araki Shunichi , Murata Katsuyuki , Yokoyama Kazuhito , Uchida Eiichi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBy measuring auditory event‐related potential (P300 and N100) and peripheral nerve conduction velocities, the subclinical effects of lead, zinc, and copper on the central and peripheral nervous system were examined in 22 male gun metal foundry workers exposed to these metals. Their blood lead (BPb) concentrations ranged from 12 to 59 μg/dl (median 30). Control subjects were 14 healthy workers, employed at the same factory, who had never been occupationally exposed to these metals. In the gun metal foundry workers, the latencies of P300 and N100 were significantly prolonged; the latency of P300 was significantly correlated with BPb concentrations and other indicators of lead absorption. Similarly, the maximal motor and sensory conduction velocities in the radial and median nerves were significantly slowed, and were significantly correlated with indicators of lead absorption. The data suggest that lead exposure at low levels affects cognitive and central auditory nervous system function together with peripheral nerve conduction.
Historical perspectives in occupational medicine. Allergic asthma to Bacillus subtilis enzyme: A model for the effects of inhalable proteins
Authors: Pepys Jack 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe passage of 24 years since the diagnosis of allergic asthma in heavily exposed workers and in a few consumers due to dusty enzyme preparations of Bacillus subtilis compounded with laundry powder makes it possible to review objectively the many problems it raised. It emphasizes the lessons to be learned, relevant to inhalable enzyme products and to other inhalable proteins in general. Occupational allergic respiratory diseases were little studied at the time and the enzyme problems stimulated interest in what has now become a well‐established and important field of medicine involving not only protein allergens but low molecular weight chemicals as well.
Non‐fatal farm injuries on 117 eastern ontario beef and dairy farms: A one‐year study
Authors: Brison Robert James , Pickett Charles William Lawrence 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA one‐year prospective survey was conducted to study the incidence of and potential risk factors for farm‐related injuries in Eastern Ontario. One hundred and seventeen dairy and beef farms were surveyed using a personal interview. Information was collected on demographic characteristics of the farm owners, workers, and families; characteristics of the farm operations; and information on behaviors potentially affecting injury risk. Monthly telephone contact was then maintained with the farms for one year in order to document all farm‐related injuries. Overall and specific injury rates were calculated. Treatment patterns for these injuries were described. The statistical significance of several potential risk factors for injury was evaluated; assessment of relative risk estimates (RR) and adjustment for confounding factors was done using logistic regression analysis. The overall farm injury rate was 7.0 persons injured per 100 person‐years (95% C.I.: 4.9,9.1, n = 547). Common patterns of injury by ICD‐9 E‐Code included accidents caused by farm machinery (E919.0), accidental falls (E880‐8), and injuries caused by animals (E906). Variables found in multivariate logistic models to be predictive of injury occurrence were living on a beef farm (RR = 2.5; p = 0.01); increased farm work experience (trend: p<0.01); full‐time exposure to farm work (RR = 2.5; p = 0.04); and, in farm owners, the use of prescription medications (RR = 2.7; p = 0.07). Forty‐six percent of the farm‐related injuries were treated in a hospital‐based emergency department (ER). Efforts to monitor the incidence of farm injuries using an ER‐based information system have the potential to significantly under‐estimate the scope of the regional farm injury problem in Eastern Ontario. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cohort study on cancer incidence among danish gardeners
Authors: Hansen Eva Støttrup , Hasle Henrik , Lander Flemming 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was performed to examine the cancer risk of Danish gardeners having been highly exposed to pesticides. We have followed a cohort of 4,015 employed gardeners (859 females and 3,156 males) from May 1975 until the end of 1984 with regard to cancer incidence. The observed incidence was compared with expected numbers calculated from national incidence rates. For all cancer sites combined, the standardized morbidity ratio (SMbR) was 104. Among male gardeners a significantly increased incidence was seen for soft tissue sarcoma (SMbR = 526, 95% confidence interval (CI): 109‐1,538), and chronic lymphatic leukemia (SMbR = 275, 95% CI: 101‐599). The incidence of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was twice that which was expected (SMbR = 200, 95% CI: 86‐393). We suggest that some of the pesticides to which the gardeners have been exposed are capable of initiating or promoting the development of malignant neoplasms in tissues of mesenchymal origin. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gamma‐glutamyltransferase isoenzyme pattern in workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene
Authors: Gennari Piero , Naldi Massimo , Motta Roberto , Nucci Maria C. , Giacomini Carmen , Violante Francesco S. , Raffi Giovanni B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn compliance with the mandatory medical surveillance of workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in Italy, isoenzyme fractioning of serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) was performed on 141 workers of both sexes and on 130 control subjects.None of the workers showed any clinical symptoms of liver disease and their enzymatic profiles, including AST, ALT, 5′‐NU, ALP, and GGT, were within the normal reference limits. A statistically significant increase in total GGT serum level was found in the exposed subjects, which was associated with an increase in one of the two fractions normally present in healthy individuals (GGT‐2), as well as with the appearance and progressive increase of the level of a fraction (GGT‐4) considered to be an expression of hepato‐biliary impairment.Further research is ongoing among these workers, which will clarify whether or not electrophoretic GGT tests may be useful in detecting liver function changes due to occupational exposure to PCE. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure‐response relationships for coal mine dust and obstructive lung disease following enactment of the federal coal mine health and safety act of 1969
Authors: Seixas Noah S. , Robins Thomas G. , Attfield Michael D. , Moulton Lawrence H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUnderground U.S. coal miners were studied cross‐sectionally for the association of respirable coal mine dust exposure with pulmonary function and symptoms of airways obstruction. The study group included 1,185 miners participating in Round 4 of the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis who had started mining in or after 1970 when comprehensive exposure regulations first came into effect. Quantitative estimates of cumulative exposure, derived using respirable dust measurements taken by the Mine Safety and Health Administration over the entire study period, were used in linear and logistic regression models on indicators of pulmonary function and chest symptoms while controlling for smoking status, pack‐years, and other potential confounders. Statistically significant associations between log cumulative exposure and decrements in FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were observed. In logistic models, statistically significant associations of cumulative exposure with increasing prevalence of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC less than 80% predicted and symptoms including chronic phlegm, chronic bronchitis, breathlessness, wheeze, and wheeze with shortness of breath were found. It is concluded that exposures to respirable coal mine dust present in U.S. mines since 1970 continue to affect respiratory health in underground miners. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perspectives on risk assessment impact of recent reports on benzene
Authors: Johnson Eric S. , Lucier George 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVery sensitive methods that can detect the benzene metabolite muconic acid (MA) in the urine of virtually all members of the general population have recently become available and have been used in a few occupational studies as a marker of benzene exposure. Preliminary findings from these studies suggest that urinary MA may be a reliable marker of occupational exposure to > 5 ppm benzene. It was also consistently observed that a certain proportion of the general population have urinary MA levels compatible with those seen in persons occupationally exposed to > 1 ppm benzene. It is unlikely that these elevated levels can be explained solely as being artifactual. The frequency with which they occur for a given individual, and the duration with which they are maintained, are not known. Information on these two factors is needed in order to adequately assess whether or not these levels present a significant risk for a segment of the general population. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated loss of lung function and alveolitis in a longitudinal study of non‐smoking individuals with occupational exposure to asbestos
Authors: Rom William N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLong‐term asbestos workers who insulate pipes and boilers may develop interstitial lung disease associated with loss of lung function. To quantitate annual loss of lung function, 77 individuals with chest X‐rays ≥1/0 ILO category who were life‐long non‐smokers or ex‐smokers for >5 years were evaluated. Study parameters included pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage for a mean of 3 visits over 30±2 months. The study participants were 56±1 years old and had 31 ± 1 years' occupational exposure to asbestos. At the first visit, multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations between rales or radiographic opacities and VC, FEV1, and total lung capacity; significant associations were also found between neutrophils/ml lavage fluid with FEV1 and diffusing capacity (all p<0.05). Annual declines for the asbestos‐exposed were VC −92±28 ml/yr and FEV1 −66±21 ml/yr. Declines in VC and FEV1 were less in those with reduced lung function at the initial visit. There were no significant associations between any of the annual declines and cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Compared to other asbestos‐exposed cohorts followed longitudinally, asbestos insulators with radiographs ≥1/0 and exposure ≥20 years have larger rates of FVC and FEV1 decline for both non‐smokers and ex‐smokers. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mortality cohort study of seamen in Italy
Authors: Rapiti Elisabetta , Turi Edoardo , Forastiere Francesco , Borgia Piero , Comba Pietro , Perucci Carlo A. , Axelson Olav 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA total of 2,208 male subjects, enrolled as merchant marine seamen at the Civitavecchia (Italy) harbor from 1936 to 1975 were followed up through 1989 in order to evaluate their mortality experience. Available information about the number of sailings made it possible to divide subjects into two subgroups: 948 workers with at least one sailing (cohort A) and 1,260 with no reported sailing (cohort B). Fewer than expected overall deaths were observed in both cohorts (cohort A: SMR = 0.83; cohort B: SMR = 0.81), mainly due to a lower mortality from circulatory, respiratory, and digestive diseases. Lung cancer deaths were significantly increased in cohort A (O = 30, SMR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.15–2.44), whereas no excess was observed in cohort B (O = 6, SMR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.21–1.26). Among subjects employed aboard ship, a trend in SMRs for lung cancer increasing with duration of employment was observed. Furthermore, three neoplasms of other parts of the respiratory system (including one mesothelioma) were detected in cohort A (SMR = 5.87), and one in cohort B. The study substantiates an increased risk of respiratory cancer among subjects with an occupational history of sailing; past exposure to asbestos and to other environmental carcinogens aboard could be implicated. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals in Sweden
Authors: McLaughlin Joseph K. , Malker Hans S. R. , Blot William J. , Weiner Jan A. , Stone B. J. , Ericsson Jan L. E. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Swedish Cancer‐Environment Registry was used to evaluate a recent report of a large excess risk of renal cell cancer among architects in Los Angeles. We identified 131 renal cell cancers among male Swedish architects and allied professionals during a 19‐year follow‐up period (1961–1979). Compared with the Swedish population, there was no significant excess of renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.15; 131 cases). Although it was not possible to estimate the risk for architects alone, the SIR was only 1.06 (16 cases) in a subset of professionals employed in architectural and engineering firms. However, a significant increase in risk (SIR = 1.38) was observed in a related group of workers employed as engineers and construction supervisors in the home construction industry. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladder cancer and occupation in Shanghai, 1980–1984
Authors: Zheng Wei , McLaughlin Joseph K. , Gao Yu‐Tang , Silverman Debra T. , Gao Ru‐Nie , Blot William J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo investigate occupational determinants of bladder cancer in the urban area of Shanghai, occupation and industry information for 1,219 incident bladder cancer cases diagnosed during the period 1980 to 1984 were compared with 1982 census data on employment. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for bladder cancer were estimated for occupation and industry classifications. Significant excess risks were observed for plastic products workers (male: SIR = 432; female: SIR = 368); textile bleachers, dyers, and finishers (male: SIR = 169); metal refining and processing workers (male: SIR = 139; female: SIR = 197); petroleum refining workers (male: SIR = 2152); railway engine drivers and firemen (male: SIR = 683); and workers employed in industries of apparel and other textile products manufacturing (female: SIR = 204); paper processing (male: SIR = 146; female: SIR = 226); organic chemical manufacturing (male: SIR = 186); plastic product manufacturing (male: SIR = 218; female: SIR = 272); and metallurgy (male: SIR = 107; female: SIR = 561). This study indicates that many of the industries and occupations that are responsible for increased risk throughout the world are also associated with occupational bladder cancer in Shanghai. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron microscopy analysis of mineral fibers in human lung tissue
Authors: Friedrichs Karl Heinz , Brockmann Michael , Fischer Margit , Wick Gabriele 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the present study, lung samples from 126 autopsied cases were examined to determine the content of mineral fibers using analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). The cases were divided into four groups (22 lungs of persons exposed to ambient environmental pollution, 32 cases of mesothelioma, 38 cases of primary lung cancer, and 34 asbestosis cases, 13 of these with additional pleural plaques). Fibers were counted, measured, and mineralogically identified using a combination of X‐ray microanalysis and electron diffraction of the non‐oriented fiber. Concentration of fibrous particles (defined as particles above 1 μm in length with roughly parallel long sides and an aspect ratio of 5:1 and greater) was calculated as fibers 106/g dry lung weight. The concentration of chrysotile was found to be similar throughout the groups except for two cases in the asbestosis group with comparably high numbers of chrysotile. However, a remarkable difference for amphiboles could be observed between the groups. Asbestos bodies were mostly found in the asbestosis group. There was a rather good correlation between numbers of amphibole fibers and asbestos bodies, with an average ratio of 10:1. For compariso purposes between occupationally exposed/non‐exposed individuals, a transition was found in the concentration range of 3–107 asbestos fibers/g dried lung weight. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organic solvent encephalopathy: An old hazard revisited
Authors: Houck Peter , Nebel Diane , Milham Samuel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis report describes neurologic and respiratory symptoms among 26 engineers and contract laborers who used organic solvents and detergents to remove polychlorinated biphenyl contamination from a poorly ventilated factory basement. Neurologic symptoms included persistent central nervous system deficits; these developed in one worker after only 3 days. Respiratory symptoms included cough that persited for more than 2 years. Laborers were more likely to report symptoms than were engineers. Appropriate ventilation or respirator use might have prevented the workers' morbidity. This incident serves as a reminder that organic solvent‐related occupational illness continues to occur despite worker‐health regulations and knowledge of preventive measures. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.