bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comment on brockner et al. (1993)
Authors: Daniels Kevin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a paper concerned with the effects of layoffs upon survivors, Brockner et al. (1993) suggest that managers may make survivors with low self esteem worried about future layoffs to increase work motivation. This conclusion may be suspect for a number of reasons: (a) only a small percentage of the variance was accounted for by the interaction in a field study; (b) measurements of self‐esteem, worry and motivation were taken either concurrently or very close to each other in the two studies reported; and (c) potential health related consequences may eventually lead to decreased work motivation.
Towards enhancing survivors' organizational and personal reactions to layoffs: A rejoinder to daniels
Authors: Brockner Joel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this issue Daniels critiques a report which appeared in the Strategic Management Journal's Special Issue on Corporate Restructuring. The report described two studies which delineated several determinants of the reactions of layoff survivors (Brockner et al., 1993). Daniels interpreted Brockner et al. to be saying that managers in downsizing organizations should implement layoffs in ways that maximize survivors' organizationally‐relevant reactions. even if doing so imposes personal costs on the survivors. Unfortunately, Daniels failed to perceive our intended message: that layoffs (and other forms of restructuring) should be implemented in ways that optimize outcomes for both the organization and its people.
Relational governance as an interorganizational strategy: An empirical test of the role of trust in economic exchange
Authors: Zaheer Akbar , Venkatraman N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe develop a model of relational governance as a specific form of interorganizational strategy that is distinct from the traditional modes of markets and hierarchies. We conceptualize this form of strategy in terms of structural and processual dimensions and derive a model of its determinants through arguments drawn from transaction cost economics and the sociological exchange literature. Hierarchical regression modeling is employed to test the theoretical model on data collected from a sample of 329 independent insurance agencies. We include the relational variable of trust and demonstrate that the combined model explains relational governance better than a model with the traditional determinants of governance form alone. Further, we observe that governance structure and process are related and discuss implications of the dynamic link between them. Directions for extensions are developed for strategic management research and practice.
CEO and director turnover in failing firms: An illusion of change?
Authors: Daily Catherine M. , Dalton Dan R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFirms facing imminent bankruptcy would seemingly be under some pressure to demonstrate effective governance structures as a means for maintaining the support of important external constituents and initiating a turnaround. Little is known, however, about CEO and director turnover and its impact on the composition and structure of the board in failing firms. This study assesses both the incidence and form of governance changes in the 5‐year period prior to corporate bankruptcy. Despite extensive board member and CEO replacements. changes by firms at imminent risk of failure do not conform with the prescriptions favored by reform advocates and institutional investors.
A note on corporate strategy and capital structure
Authors: Taylor Peter , Lowe Julian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationships between capital structure and corporate strategy in previous U.S. and Australian empirical studies, which use different definitions of capital structure, and hence have different functional relationships, are considered. A model using the U.S. specification with the Australian data is estimated, for which previous conclusions relating to profit are confirmed. The relationship between strategy and capital structure is thus shown to be less than robust. The conclusion that debt/equity ratios of highly diversified firms are more strongly affected by firm‐level variables is supported. An explanation that the capital market rewards focused firms because they are easier to understand and price is offered.
Strategic groups as reference groups: Theory, modeling and empirical examination of industry and competitive strategy
Authors: Fiegenbaum Avi , Thomas Howard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrevious studies on strategic groups have mainly focused on their static characteristics in order to test the theory of strategic groups and intraindustry performance differences (Porter, 1979; Cool and Schendel, 1988; Fiegenbaum and Thomas, 1990). In contrast, this study takes a longitudinal, dynamic perspective and describes the forces driving strategic group membership and structural evolution. It proposes that a strategic group acts as a reference point for group members in formulating competitive strategy. A partial adjustment model of strategic mobility is then developed which incorporates the idea of a strategic group as a reference group. It models strategic change in an industry both within and across strategic groups. The model is tested in the context of an in‐depth industry analysis of the more significant firms in the insurance industry over the 1970‐84 time period. The results suggest that strategic groups act as reference points for firm strategies and that predictions of future firm strategies and industry/group structures may also be successfully derived.
The science of complexity: An alternative perspective for strategic change processes
Authors: Stacey Ralph D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe two perspectives of strategy process most firmly established in the literature—strategic choice and ecology—assume the same about system dynamics: negative feedback processes driving successful systems (individual organizations or populations of organizations) toward predictable equilibrium states of adaptation to the environment. This paper proposes a third perspective, that of complex adaptive systems. The framework is provided by the modern science of complexity: the study of nonlinear and network feedback systems, incorporating theories of chaos, artificial life, self‐organization and emergent order. Here system dynamics are characterized by positive and negative feedback as systems coevolve far from equilibrium, in a self‐organizing manner, toward unpredictable long‐term outcomes.
The problem of unobservables in strategic management research
Authors: Godfrey Paul C. , Hill Charles W. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we argue that unobservable constructs lie at the core of a number of influential theories used in the strategic management literature—including agency theory, transaction cost theory, and the resource‐based view of the firm. The debate over how best to deal with the problem of unobservables has raged in the philosophy of science literature for the best part of the current century. On the one hand, there are the positivists, who believe that theories containing unobservable constructs are only useful as tools for making predictions. According to positivists, such theories do not inform us about the deep structure of reality. On the other hand, there are the realists, who believe that our theories can give us knowledge about unobservables. Herein we review this debate, we argue for adopting a realist position, and we draw out the implications for strategic management research.
Profiles of managerial activities in small firms
Authors: Russell Merz G. , Sauber Matthew H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the contingency issues of managerial activities and reports the results of a study that configures such activities in small firms. In a survey of CEOs and top executives, data on planning, organizing, and controlling activities as well as entrepreneurial orientation and environmental turbulence were collected and used in the development of a taxonomy. Findings demonstrate that (1) small firms can be classified based on perceived differences in strategy, structure, and the environments they face, and (2) they display managerial and structural consistency when faced with similar contextual situations. The taxonomy developed in this study suggests that four distinct configurations describe the managerial profiles among small firms. Each profile and its corresponding contingency characteristics are discussed and managerial and research implications elaborated.
Cooperative strategy and new venture performance: The role of business strategy and management experience
Authors: McGee Jeffrey E. , Dowling Michael J. , Megginson William L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study of new ventures which examine the relationships between performance and the experience of a new venture's management team, its choice of competitive strategy, and its use of various cooperative arrangements. The findings of the moderated regression analysis indicate that cooperative arrangements are most beneficial to those new ventures whose management teams possess the most experience.
Recreating and extending Japanese automobile buyer'supplier links in north America
Authors: Martin Xavier , Mitchell Will , Swaminathan Anand 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe compare buyer'supplier links established by pairs of Japanese‐owned automobile assemblers and component manufacturers operating in Japan and in North America during 1989‐90. Eight assemblers and more than 170 Japanese component manufacturers had established North American manufacturing facilities. In total, Japanese automobile assembly organizations operating in North America had recreated about a quarter of their Japanese supply links. The suppliers that set up North American facilities had recreated almost 60 percent of their links with traditional buyers and formed more than 16 percent of the possible extension links with new assembler partners. We identify several economic and organizational factors that influence whether an existing buyer'supplier link will be recreated in a new location and whether firms that do not have a buyer'supplier relationship at home will form an extension link in the new location. We find that the presence of a long‐term buyer'supplier relationship, buyer and supplier entry timing to the new location, the joint venture status of the buyer, supplier size, and the breadth of a supplier's sales base in the home market influence the likelihood that links will be recreated and extension links will be formed.
The role of strategic alliances in high‐technology new product development
Authors: Kotabe Masaaki , Scott Swan K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors examined 905 new product innovations introduced since September 1988 to determine the influences on product innovativeness, with a specific interest in strategic alliances, or cooperative strategies. Findings suggest that single firms, horizontal cooperative strategies, small and mixed'sized firms, biochemical industries, cross‐industry product offerings, cross‐industry cooperations, the progression of time, and European firms tend to indicate significantly more innovative products. Implications are proposed for business practitioners and researchers with specific application to the diffusion of innovation.
Structural and competitive determinants of a global integration strategy
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , Morrison Allen , Hulland John 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBoth structural determinants and competitive factors can work to define the relevant environment for strategy formulation within an industry. This study examines the effects of each of these two sets of factors on global integration strategies, and finds that their impacts vary considerably from one industry to another. The study also investigates the relationship between a business's global integration strategy and its performance, using an industry'specific perspective. In the aggregate, the businesses studied appear to be under‐globalized. However, this relationship varied significantly by industry; four of the industries studied appeared to be under‐globalized, while the remaining three industries were at or near an optimal level of globalization.
Herstellung funktionaler organischer Dünnschichten durch Vakuumverdampfung
Authors: Drechsel Jens 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas Aufdampfen unter Hochvakuum‐ oder Ultrahochvakuum‐Bedingungen ist eine seit fast hundert Jahren beherrschte Methode um funktionale dünne Schichten herzustellen. Seit der Entdeckung halbleitender Kunststoffe um 1970/80 wird dieses Verfahren zunehmend auch zur Erzeugung dünner organischer Schichten verwendet. Momentan stehen insbesondere Materialien für organisches LEDs (OLEDs) sowie Dünnschicht‐Solarzellen im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Das Verdampfen von Organika benutzt die Vorzüge der bekannten Hochvakuumverfahren (Reinheit, kompatible Prozesse, Nutzung von Masken, usw), bildet jedoch auch neue Herausforderungen an die Prozess‐Steuerung. Der Artikel beschreibt sowohl die grundsätzlichen Anforderungen, Fähigkeiten aktueller temperaturgeregelter Verdampferquellen, Material‐Aspekte, als auch typische technische Anwendungen.
Application of the Theory of Fracture on the Surface of Instability
Authors: Makky S. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a previous paper by the author [1], fracture surfaces of round bars under pure torsion are considered. To exclude the effects on the stress distribution of the displacements along the axis of the bar, it was assumed that the bar is made of plastic‐rigid material. This insured that the bar remained in pure torsion. In this paper a more realistic case is considered which includes the effects of the axial stress in a round bar under torsion when the two ends of the bar are confined to lie in fixed planes. Such a case will be denoted by the shorter term „fixed ends”︁, and the therm „free ends”︁ will be used when there is no such restriction. For the case of pure torsion it was shown that the bar is most likely to fracture on a helicoidal surface whose intersection with the cylindrical surface of the bar is a helix making a 45º with the generator of the cylinder. In this paper, it is shown that a bar with fixed ends under torsion is subject to fracture along a cross section.
Optimum One‐term Solutions for Heat Conduction Problems
Authors: Kleinstein G. , Ting L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series solution in descending powers of time is developed for heatconduction problems with initial profiles prescribed at an instant t* > 0. The leading term of the series solution, the first eigensolution, represents a source with strength given by the integral of the initial profile. It is shown that the coefficients of the eigensolutions corresponding to the second eigenvalue can be equated to zero when the origin is shifted to the center of gravity of the initial profile and that the coefficient of the symmetric eigensolution of the third eigenvalue will vanish when the time shift t* is related to the second moment of the initial profile. The first eigensolution with these optimum shifts in space and time variables yields an optimum one term representation of the exact solution as time increases. The optimum solution fulfills two properties of the exact solution, the conservation of energy integral and the invariance of the center of gravity of the temperature profile. Proofs for these properties of the exact solution are presented.
Über intervallmäßige Iterationsverfahren bei linearen Gleichungssystemen und allgemeineren Intervallgleichungssystemen
Authors: Mayer O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit behandelt Anwendungen der Intervallrechnung bei der iterativen Auflösung linearer Gleichungssysteme: Zunächst wird ein Überblick gegeben über das Konvergenzverhalten von Gesamtschritt‐, Einzelschritt‐ und Relaxationsverfahren bei allgemeineren Gleichungen in Intervallräumen; dann wird die Bedeutung dieser Intervallgleichungen für die Bestimmung von Schranken für die Lösungen linearer Gleichungssysteme mit ungenauen Koeffizienten aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird die praktische Durchführung der Iterationsverfahren unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Rundungsfehlererfassung behandelt.
On Complex Potentials in Micropolar Elasticity
Authors: Ariman T. , Zika M. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of the use of the theory of micropolar continua in the analysis of microcracks. As an initial step of the microfracture mechanics, the complex variable technique of the classical theory of elasticity is extended to the micropolar elasticity. The first fundamental problem of Muskhelishvili, the problem of a circular hole in an infinite plate, is solved.
Optimale Fehlerschranken für die Lösung von Differentialgleichungssystemen erster Ordnung bei Verwendung von Funktionstafeln
Authors: Tutschke W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBetrachtet wird die Lösung des Systems y'j = fj(…) mit vorgeschriebenen Anfangswerten. Falls die Funktionswerte der fj nur mit der Genauigkeit Δ gegeben sind und falls |fj| ≦ K0 ist, so sei k* die kleinste natürliche Zahl, für die K0 ≦ Δ (k☆ + 2) ! ist. Dann erhält man für die k☆‐te Näherung (im Sinn der Methode der sukzessiven Approximationen) die kleinste Fehlerschranke.
Die Schrittweite beim Gradientenprojektionsverfahren für Probleme der optimalen Steuerung
Authors: Glashoff K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür eine Klasse linearer Steuerungsprobleme mit quadratischem Funktional wird die Schrittweite für das Gradientenprojektions‐Näherungsverfahren angegeben. Der Konvergenzbeweis für das Verfahren mit der hier berechneten Schrittweite beruht auf einem Satz von Goldstein über Gradientenmethoden im Hilbertraum. Der letzte Abschnitt gibt einen Hinweis auf die Schwierigkeiten, die bei nichtlinearen Steuerungsaufgaben auftreten, und ein Gegenbeispiel zur Fréchet‐Differenzierbarkeit des zu minimierenden Funktionals.
Autokorrelationstests und autoregressive Schätzverfahren
Authors: Schips B. , Stier W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDiese Arbeit soll zeigen, daß alternative Testverfahren für die Hypothese nicht autokorrelierter Störvariablen in linearen Regressionsmodellen und alternative autoregressive Schätzverfahren im Falle autokorrelierter Störvariablen zu erheblichen Unterschieden in den numerischen Ergebnissen führen können. Die Unterschiede in den Schätzwerten, die auf alternative Schätzverfahren zurückgehen, sind dabei in vielen Fällen erheblicher als bei Verwendung alternativer Modelle.
Über eine Erweiterung der Monte‐Carlo‐Methode zur Lösung linearer Randwert‐probleme zweiter und dritter Art
Authors: Hartmann W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie sequentielle Monte‐Carlo‐Methode mit Informationsspeicherung wird angewendet auf Randwertprobleme zweiter und dritter Art, indem die Randbedingungen iterativ durch Relaxation aus dem Gitterinnern realisiert werden. Als Spezialfall ist im Verfahren die Anwendung der sequentiellen Monte‐Carlo‐Methode auf Randwertprobleme erster Art enthalten.
Hinreichende Bedingung für Ausschluß von Eigenwerten in Parameterintervallen bei einer Klasse von linearen homogenen Funktionalgleichungen
Authors: Spreuer H. , Adams E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs werden lineare homogene Systeme von gewöhnlichen oder elliptischen Funktional‐ bzw. Differentialgleichungen oder von gewöhnlichen Gleichungen mit einem freien Parameter Λ betrachtet. Koeffizienten müssen Vorzeichenbedingungen erfüllen. In Satz 1 wird gezeigt, daß Λ kein Eigenwert ist, wenn eine solche Vektorfunktion v mit nur positiven Komponenten existiert, daß die Operatoren des Systems in den jeweiligen Gültigkeitsgebieten überall positive Werte annehmen, nachdem v eingesetzt worden ist. In Satz 2 wird gezeigt, daß diese Operatoren unter den Bedingungen von Satz 1 Aufgaben von monotoner Art erklären. Die Beweise erfolgen im Rahmen der Theorie der Differential‐ und Integralungleichungen. In den fünf Beispielen werden Funktionen v für die folgenden Fälle angegeben: schwingende Platte, monoenergetischer Neutronenreaktor, eine chemisch reagierende Strömung, nichtlinearer Knickstab und Mathieusche Dgl.
Zur Steuerung der Stabilität in elastischen Körpern
Authors: Beckert H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß man die Stabilitätsgrenzen (Eigenwerte) einer dünnen Platte durch Abänderung der in der Plattenebene wirkenden Randkräfte entlang eines beliebig kleinen Randstücks weitgehend steuern kann. Entlang der Trefftzschen Stabilitätstheorie gelingt die Übertragung auf räumliche Probleme. Liegen die Randkräfte in einer beschränkten konvexen Menge eines reflexiven Banachraums, so existieren optimale Steuervektoren.
Überlinear konvergente Mehrschrittverfahren vom Regula falsi‐ und Newton‐Typ
Authors: Schmidt J. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAusgehend von der Regula falsi und dem Newton‐Verfahren zur Lösung von nichtlinearen Gleichungssystemen werden Mehrschrittverfahren entwickelt, welche sich gegenüber den Standardverfahren hinsichtlich der Effektivität in zwei Punkten auszeichnen: Sie haben einen höheren Wirkungsgrad schon dann, wenn man für den Aufwand allein die Anzahl der Funktionswertberechnungen berücksichtigt. Zusätzlich bringt die jetzt mögliche Anwendung der Formel von Sherman und Morrison bei der in jedem Iterationsschritt erforderlichen Auflösung von linearen Gleichungssystemen Einsparungen mit sich. Breiten Raum nimmt die Herleitung eines allgemeinen Konvergenzsatzes ein; er enthält als Sonderfälle den bekannten Satz von Kantorovich über das Newton‐Verfahren und einen entsprechenden Satz über die Regula falsi.
Über zulässige Schrittweiten bei den Adams‐Verfahren
Authors: Weissinger J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Anwendung eines Differenzenverfahrens auf das Anfangswertproblem einer Differentialgleichung y′ = ‐ A y führt auf eine lineare, homogene Differenzengleichung zur Bestimmung der Näherungswerte yn ≈ y (x0 + n h). Von einer zulässigen Schrittweite h muß man lim yn = 0 im Falle A > 0 fordern. Für die Verfahren von Adams‐n→∞ Bashforth, Adams‐Moulton, Nyström und Milne‐Simpson werden die h‐Intervalle bestimmt, in denen diese Forderung für alle Lösungen der Differenzengleichung erfüllt ist.
Potentialströmung um N Kreise
Authors: Weizel R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird die ebene Potentialströmung um endlich viele, einfach geschlossene Hindernisse untersucht. Die Berechnung des komplexen Potentials wird hier auf die Lösung eines modifizierten Dirichletschen Problems [1] zurückgeführt. Das Lösungsverfahren wird numerisch ausgewertet für den Fall einer Strömung im Außengebiet dreier Kreise.
Yield Criterion and the Hardening Rule for a Plastic Solid
Authors: Shrivastava H. P. , Mróz Z. , Dubey R. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe work‐hardening of an initially isotropic material is mathematically described by a hardening rule which specifies the modification of the initial yield condition in the process of continued plastic deformation. Although such rules have been proposed by various investigators and shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results, they are based on different specific assumptions. In the present work it is shown that all the existing hardening rules can be obtained from a general mathematical concept which is based upon the isotropic representation of a scalar valued function which is a function of two symmetric 3 × 3 matrices. A more general form has then been derived which accounts for the second‐order effect relating to axial strain accumulation in cyclic torsion.
Some Two‐Dimensional Exterior Problems in a Linear Elastic Solid of Grade Two
Authors: Eshel N. N. , Rosenfeld G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSolutions are given to four two‐dimensional exterior problems in a linear, mechanically homogeneous, isotropic and centrosymmetric elastic solid of grade two (Toupin [1], p. 87). bounded internally by a circular cylindrical cavity. The solutions are found to be size dependent and to exhibit boundary layer effects. The results are compared to the corresponding results in classical elasticity, couple‐stress theory and micropolar elasticity.