bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicity Induction and Memory of the Macromolecular Helicity in a Polyacetylene Bearing a Biphenyl Pendant
Authors: Maeda Katsuhiro , Tamaki Shinji , Tamura Kazumi , Yashima Eiji 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA novel, cis‐transoidal poly‐(phenylacetylene) bearing a carboxybiphenyl group as the pendant (poly‐1) was prepared by polymerization of (4′‐ethoxycarbonyl‐4‐biphenylyl)acetylene with a rhodium catalyst followed by hydrolysis of the ester groups. Upon complexation with various chiral amines and amino alcohols in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the polymer exhibited characteristic induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the UV/Vis region due to the predominantly one‐handed helix formation of the polymer backbone as well as an excess of a single‐handed, axially twisted conformation of the pendant biphenyl group. Poly‐1 complexed with (R)‐2‐amino‐1‐propanol showed unique time‐dependent inversion of the macromolecular helicity. Furthermore, the preferred‐handed helical conformation of poly‐1 induced by a chiral amine was further “memorized” after the chiral amine was replaced with achiral 2‐aminoethanol or n‐butylamine in DMSO. In sharp contrast to the previously reported memory in poly((4‐carboxyphenyl)acetylene), the present helicity memory of poly‐1 was accompanied by memory of the twisted biphenyl chirality in the pendants. Unprecedentedly, the helicity memory of poly‐1 with achiral 2‐aminoethanol was found to occur simultaneously with inversion of the axial chirality of the biphenyl groups followed by memory of the inverted biphenyl chirality, thus showing a significant change in the CD spectral pattern.
Remodelling of adipose tissue during experimental omental adhesion formation
Authors: Wilkosz S , Epstein J , de Giorgio-Miller A , McLean W , Ireland G , Herrick S 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous bands of tissue connecting normally separated organs and frequently involve the fat-laden greater omentum. Remodelling of fibrin-rich exudate under reduced fibrinolytic conditions is thought to initiate adhesion formation following surgery. It is unclear whether adhesions that involve the omentum develop in a similar manner. To improve understanding of omental adhesion formation, adipose tissue distribution, cell proliferation and procollagen type I gene expression were investigated in a murine surgical model and in established omental adhesions from patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods
Experimental murine omental adhesions and human omental adhesions were analysed for signs of tissue remodelling using histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

Results
Murine omental tissue showed intense inflammation and reduced adipose tissue 3–7 days after surgery, but increased cellularity and collagen production. Adipose tissue remodelling was reversible with increased adipose tissue and decreased cell proliferation and procollagen type I gene expression, shown by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolocalization and in situ hybridization respectively. Human omental adhesions were heterogeneous, with varying amounts of fibrotic and adipose-rich regions, although most displayed proliferating and collagen-producing cells.

Conclusion
Omental adhesions are not static scar tissue as traditionally thought, but undergo active adipose tissue remodelling over-time.
Functional results of intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer (Br J Surg 2007; 94: 1272–1277)
Authors: Williams N S , Bhan C , Murphy J 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved,appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptide and Glycopeptide Thioesters through Side‐Chain‐Anchoring Strategies
Authors: Ficht Simon , Payne Richard J. , Guy Richard T. , Wong Chi‐Huey 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn efficient new strategy for the synthesis of peptide and glycopeptide thioesters is described. The method relies on the side‐chain immobilization of a variety of Fmoc‐amino acids, protected at their C‐termini, on solid supports. Once anchored, peptides were constructed using solid‐phase peptide synthesis according to the Fmoc protocol. After unmasking the C‐terminal carboxylate, either thiols or amino acid thioesters were coupled to afford, after cleavage, peptide and glycopeptide thioesters in high yields. Using this method a significant proportion of the proteinogenic amino acids could be incorporated as C‐terminal amino acid residues, therefore providing access to a large number of potential targets that can serve as acyl donors in subsequent ligation reactions. The utility of this methodology was exemplified in the synthesis of a 28 amino acid glycopeptide thioester, which was further elaborated to an N‐terminal fragment of the glycoprotein erythropoietin (EPO) by native chemical ligation.
Determination of absolute configuration of secondary alcohols using lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolutions
Authors: Jing Qing , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLipases show high enantioselectivity toward a wide range of secondary alcohols. An empirical rule based on the relative sizes of the substituents predicts which enantiomer reacts faster. X‐ray structures of lipases provide a molecular basis for this empirical rule: their alcohol‐binding pocket contains large hydrophobic pocket open to solvent and another smaller pocket. This predictable enantiopreference of lipases allows the determination of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols using lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution. Researchers have used this relative method to determine the configuration of ∼50 secondary alcohols either as the only method or in combination with other methods. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival of patients with adult medulloblastoma
Authors: Lai Rose 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Adult medulloblastoma accounts for less than 1% of adult intracranial tumors. Previous survival studies have been inconclusive because of small sample sizes and patient ascertainment bias.METHODS.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registries database, released April 2007, was used to assess survival rates and prognostic factors in this disease. SEER*Stat was used to calculate observed and relative 2‐, 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year survival and Cox Proportion Hazard Regression modeling was used to evaluate prognostic variables.RESULTS.Four hundred fifty‐four patients with adult medulloblastoma were diagnosed from 1973–2004 in the 17 regions covered by SEER. The 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year relative survival rates were 79.9, 64.9, and 52.1%, respectively. The overall median survival was 127 months (10.6 years). The survival of this disease has improved in the last 3 decades. The median survival of those diagnosed ≤1980 and from 1981–1990 were 39 (3.3 years) and 127 months (10.6 years), respectively, and has not been reached for those diagnosed from 1991–2000 and after 2000. In multivariable regression modeling, diagnoses after the 1980s, age of diagnosis before 20, gross total resection, and radiation were favorable prognostic factors, whereas large cell histology was associated with poor survival.CONCLUSIONS.This is the largest and most representative survival study to date, but further assessments are needed to evaluate the potential of using molecular genetic markers, together with clinical and histopathologic variables, in predicting survival. This may have to take place in the context of a large consortium. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Translocation renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Geller James I. , Argani Pedram , Adeniran Adebowale , Hampton Edith , De Marzo Angelo , Hicks Jessica , Collins Margaret H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Pediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is clinically distinct from adult RCC.1 Characterization of the unique biological and clinical features of pediatric RCC are required.METHODS.A retrospective review and biological analysis of all RCC cases presenting to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) in the last 30 years was undertaken. Cases were classified according to the recent World Heath Organization morphologic classification and according to TFE3/TFEB status. A literature review of pediatric TFE+ cases was performed.RESULTS.Eleven cases of RCC with clinical data were identified in our institutional review as follows: 6 clear cell, 2 papillary, 2 translocation, and 1 sarcomatoid. Upon reanalysis, 1 papillary and 1 sarcomatoid were confirmed, 1 case was “unclassified”, and 8 of 11 (72.7%) had features consistent with translocation morphology. Of these 8, all demonstrated immunoreactivity for TFE3 (7 patients) or TFEB (1 patient) protein. In 3 cases, cytogenetics was available, each demonstrating confirmatory MiTF/TFE translocations. Seven of 8 TFE+ RCC patients presented with TNM Stage III/IV disease. Literature analysis confirmed a significant increase in advanced stage presentation in pediatric TFE+ RCC compared with TFE− RCC. Fourteen of fifteen (93.3%) patients with TFE+ stage III/IV RCC due to lymph node spread (N+ M0) remain disease free with a median and mean follow‐up of 4.4 and 6.3 years, respectively (range, 0.3‐15.5).CONCLUSIONS.Translocation morphology RCC is the predominant form of pediatric RCC, associated with an advanced stage at presentation. Patients with TFE+ N+ M0 RCC maintain a favorable short‐term prognosis after surgery alone. Young RCC patients should be screened for translocation morphology, and the screening information should be considered when debating adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Significant clinical benefit of first‐line palliative chemotherapy in advanced soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Karavasilis Vasilios , Seddon Beatrice M. , Ashley Susan , Al‐Muderis Omar , Fisher Cyril , Judson Ian 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The efficacy of palliative chemotherapy was investigated in a large group of patients with advanced soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) treated on routine palliative protocols.METHODS.Patients with STS who had first‐line chemotherapy for advanced and/or metastatic disease between 1991 and 2005 were identified from the Royal Marsden Hospital's sarcoma database. Patients with Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors were excluded from the study.RESULTS.In all, 488 patients (242 male, 246 female) fulfilled the study criteria. The median age was 49 years and the majority (83%) received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. The most common histologic subtypes were leiomyosarcoma (35%) synovial sarcoma (13%), liposarcoma (10%), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (10%). In all, 61% received single‐agent chemotherapy, usually doxorubicin. An objective response was reported in 33% of patients (53% in those with synovial sarcoma); 22% had stable disease and 45% derived ‘clinical benefit’ (objective responses + stable disease for ≥6 months). Median duration of response was 9 months and median posttreatment overall survival (OS) was 12 months. In multivariate analysis, age <40 years, liposarcoma, and synovial histology were found to be positive, and bone involvement to be negative, independent prognostic factors. Patients treated with combination chemotherapy experienced longer OS than those treated with a single agent.CONCLUSIONS.Palliative chemotherapy may be beneficial in approximately half of patients with advanced STS. Synovial sarcoma and liposarcoma subtypes have a better prognosis. However, the overall poor outcome of these patients indicates the need to continue the search for more effective agents. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Non‐stationary plane problem of the successive origination of stress concentrators in a loaded body. Finite deformations and their superposition
Authors: Levin V. A. , Vershinin A. V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe first (for the given class of problems) results of solving non‐stationary plane problems of non‐simultaneous origination of holes and inclusions in a preliminary loaded solid with initial finite strains are presented and discussed. It is taken into account that the origination of a hole or an inclusion produces additional finite deformations (at least, at the vicinity of the hole) superimposed ‘physically’ on the finite initial ones. The problem is solved using the theory of repeated superposition of large deformations. It is supposed that the shape of stress concentrators is given at the moment of their origination.Calculations were made with the use of the specialized computer package ‘Superposition’ based on finite‐element method. Stress fields are presented at different times. The change of maximal stresses in time is also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inner metric geometry of complex algebraic surfaces with isolated singularities
Authors: Birbrair Lev , Fernandes Alexandre 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe produce examples of complex algebraic surfaces with isolated singularities such that these singularities are not metrically conical, i.e., the germs of the surfaces near singular points are not bi‐Lipschitz equivalent, with respect to the inner metric, to cones. The technique used to prove the nonexistence of the metric conical structure is related to a development of metric homology. The class of the examples is rather large and includes some Kleinian singularities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Druckfestigkeit von Mauer‐ und Putzmörtel – Gestaltsfaktoren zur Korrelation unterschiedlicher Prüfkörper‐Geometrien
Authors: Siech Hans Joachim 
Published: February 2008

AbstractZur Ermittlung der Druckfestigkeit von Mörtel und Betonen ist in den einschlägigen Prüfnormen u. a. die Größe der Prüfkörper geregelt. Normen legen gleichermaßen deren idealisierte Lagerungsbedingungen und ‐dauer und den Prüfzeitpunkt fest.Für die Baustoffentwicklung, wie auch für gutachtliche Einschätzungen ist es oft wichtig, den Ist – Zustand (die Erhärtung betreffend) des Baustoffs am Objekt (Mörtel in den Fugen, Putz u.ä.) einschätzen zu können. Das entnommene Prüfgut, prüfbar aufbereitet, weicht meistens gravierend von den normbezogenen Prüfkörpergeometrien im Labor ab.Ziel ist es daher, reale und labormaßstäbliche Prüfkörpergeometrien zu korrelieren.Die Erfassung der Gestaltsfaktoren ist die Grundlage dieser Korrelations‐möglichkeiten. Sie sind nicht an den Baustoff Mörtel und/oder Beton gebunden, sondern auch für andere Stoffgruppen anwendbar. Sie nehmen allein Bezug auf die miteinander zu vergleichenden Prüfkörpergeometrien.Mehrere Beispiele zeigen die Abhängigkeit sowie die Handhabung dieser Gestaltsfaktoren.
Nichttragende innere Trennwände in massiver Bauweise – Hinweise für Planung und Ausführung
Authors: Schröder Olaf 
Published: February 2008

Abstract“Nichttragende Innenwände? Was soll denn dabei schief gehen, die tragen doch nichts!” Diese Aussage bekommt ein Fachberater sowohl von Planern als auch von Bauausführenden leider viel zu oft zu hören. Die Anzahl der am Bau Beteiligten, die dieses neuralgische Thema vernachlässigen, ist hoch. Die logischen Konsequenzen sind durchaus vermeidbare Baumängel oder Bauschäden, wobei auch deren Ursachen häufig nicht erkannt werden. Allzu oft werden Risse auf Feuchtedehnung der Baustoffe zurückgeführt, obwohl die Rissbilder eindeutig auf andere Ursachen hinweisen. Um den am Bau Beteiligten Hinweise zur Vermeidung solcher Schäden zu geben, stellt dieser Beitrag einige konstruktive Details vor und gibt praktische Hinweise für die Ausführung. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die Vorteile der massiven Bauweise durchaus auch für nichttragende Innenwände genutzt werden sollten, wenn gewisse Randbedingungen eingehalten werden. Die Vorteile sprechen für sich: hoher Schallschutz, Brandschutz, guter Befestigungsgrund, guter Wärmespeicher.
Zur Verputzbarkeit von perlitgefüllten hochwärmedämmenden Ziegeln
Authors: Schubert Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUm schädliche, bis in den Putzgrund reichende Risse im Putz zu vermeiden, müssen Putzgrund und Putz entsprechend aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Das bedeutet, der Putzgrund muss (deutlich) steifer, fester als der Putz sein bzw. der Putz muss gegenüber dem Putzgrund (deutlich) weicher sein. Bei besonders wärmedämmendem Leichtmauerwerk mit grundsätzlich geringerer Steifigkeit, Festigkeit werden deshalb seit vielen Jahren an diesen Putzgrund angepasste Putze – Leichtputze, Ultraleichtputze – verwendet. Bei hochwärmedämmendem Leichtziegelmauerwerk ist im Wesentlichen der putznahe Außensteg für die Putzgrundeigenschaften bestimmend. Je dicker und fester dieser Außensteg ist, desto sicherer werden schädliche Putzrisse vermieden. Perlitgefüllte hochwärmedämmende POROTON‐Ziegel tragen dem mit einer Außenstegdicke von mind. 15 mm in besonderem Maße Rechnung. Die Risssicherheit kann mit Näherungsansätzen beurteilt werden. Dazu enthält der Beitrag Beispiele.
Song retuning with tutor model by adult zebra finches
Authors: Funabiki Yasuko , Funabiki Kazuo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSongbirds first memorize a tutor song in youth and develop their own song after the remembered model. As birds sexually mature, their song becomes crystallized and refractory to further tutoring. Here, we show that the song syllables of adult zebra finches gradually drift from their once crystallized forms, when individual birds are kept in auditory isolation or in company of cage mates singing different song syllables. Furthermore, when birds with drifted syllables are tutored with the same model again, they amend the fine structure of their syllables towards the model. In contrast, retutoring does not affect syllable sequences that differ from those of the original tutor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
The integration of song environment by catecholaminergic systems innervating the auditory telencephalon of adult female European starlings
Authors: Sockman Keith W. , Salvante Katrina G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMate choice is among the most consequential decisions a sexually reproducing organism can make. In many songbird species, females make mate‐choice decisions based, in part, on variation between males in songs that reflect their quality. Importantly, females may adjust their choice relative to the prevalence of high quality songs. In European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), females prefer males that primarily sing long songs over those that primarily sing short songs, and sensitivity of the auditory telencephalon to song length depends on the prevalence of long songs in the environment. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for noradrenergic innervation of the auditory telencephalon in mediating this neuro‐ and behavioral plasticity. To simulate variation in quality of the song environment, we exposed adult female starlings to 1 week of either long or short songs and then quantified several monoamines and their metabolites in the caudomedial mesopallium and caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) using high performance liquid chromatography. We also used immunocytochemistry to assess these areas for immunoreactive dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH‐ir), the enzyme that synthesizes norepinephrine. We found that long songs elevated levels of the principal norepinephrine metabolite, the principal dopamine metabolite, and the probability of DBH‐ir in the NCM compared to short songs. Song environment did not appear to influence norepinephrine or dopamine levels. Thus, the quality of the song environment regulates the local secretion of catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, in the female auditory telencephalon. This may form a basis for plasticity in forebrain sensitivity and mate‐choice behavior based on the prevalence of high‐quality males. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
A role for CK2 upon interkinetic nuclear migration in the cell cycle of retinal progenitor cells
Authors: Carneiro Ana Carolina Dudenhoeffer , Fragel‐Madeira Lucianne , Silva‐Neto Mario Alberto , Linden Rafael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn developing retina, the nucleus of the elongated neuroepithelial cells undergoes interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), that is it migrates back and forth across the proliferative layer during the cell cycle. S‐phase occurs at the basal side, while M‐phase occurs at the apical margin of the retinal progenitors. G1 and G2‐phases occur along the nuclear migration pathway. We tested whether this feature of the retinal cell cycle is controlled by CK2, which, among its many substrates, phosphorylates both molecular motors and cytoskeletal components. Double immunolabeling showed that CK2 is contained in BrdU‐labeled retinal progenitors. INM was examined after pulse labeling the retina of newborn rats with BrdU, by plotting nuclear movement from basal to apical sides of the retinal progenitors during G2. The CK2 specific inhibitor 4,5,6,7‐tetrabromobenzotriazole inhibited the activity of rat retinal CK2, and blocked nuclear movement proper in a dose‐dependent way. No apoptosis was detected, and total numbers of BrdU‐labeled nuclei remained constant following treatment. Immunohistochemistry showed that, following inhibition of CK2, the tubulin cytoskeleton is disorganized, with reduced acetylated and increased tyrosinated tubulin. This indicates a reduction in stable microtubules, with accumulation of free tubulin dimers. The results show that CK2 activity is required for INM in retinal progenitor cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
Differentiation of inner ear stem cells to functional sensory neurons
Authors: Martinez‐Monedero Rodrigo , Yi Eunyoung , Oshima Kazuo , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Edge Albert S.B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInner ear stem cells can be isolated by neurosphere formation from the vestibular organs and the cochlea. The cells are pluripotent, with the potential to become hair cells and neurons, the cochlear cell types whose loss causes deafness. Here we describe the control of cell fate decisions that determine the phenotype adopted by these progenitors, and we determine whether differentiation to sensory neurons is preferred over other types of neurons. Differentiation of progenitor cells recapitulated developmental pathways of embryonic sensory neurons. Based on marker expression, retinoic acid increased the yield of neurons and the percentage of sensory neurons obtained and caused a sharp increase in Pax2, a key transcription factor of cranial placodes. Markers of embryonic auditory and other sensory neurons, GATA3, Brn3a, and islet1, could be detected after 3 days of differentiation of the cells, and markers of the sensory phenotype, peripherin, calretinin, TrkC, and TrkB were expressed after 10 days. The differentiated cells had tetrodotoxin‐sensitive sodium currents and fired action potentials, and recordings revealed functional AMPA type‐glutamate receptors, further indicating that these cells had developed neuronal features. Neurons differentiated from these stem cells grew processes to hair cells in vitro. Development of functional activity in cells with the markers of sensory neurons suggested that the inner ear stem cells might have the capacity to replace cells lost due to neural degeneration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008