bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chances and challenges of photon-counting CT in musculoskeletal imaging
Authors: Mourad Charbel , Gallego Manzano Lucia , Viry Anaïs , Booij Ronald , Oei Edwin H. G. , Becce Fabio , Omoumi Patrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn musculoskeletal imaging, CT is used in a wide range of indications, either alone or in a synergistic approach with MRI. While MRI is the preferred modality for the assessment of soft tissues and bone marrow, CT excels in the imaging of high-contrast structures, such as mineralized tissue. Additionally, the introduction of dual-energy CT in clinical practice two decades ago opened the door for spectral imaging applications. Recently, the advent of photon-counting detectors (PCDs) has further advanced the potential of CT, at least in theory. Compared to conventional energy-integrating detectors (EIDs), PCDs provide superior spatial resolution, reduced noise, and intrinsic spectral imaging capabilities. This review briefly describes the technical advantages of PCDs. For each technical feature, the corresponding applications in musculoskeletal imaging will be discussed, including high-spatial resolution imaging for the assessment of bone and crystal deposits, low-dose applications such as whole-body CT, as well as spectral imaging applications including the characterization of crystal deposits and imaging of metal hardware. Finally, we will highlight the potential of PCD-CT in emerging applications, underscoring the need for further preclinical and clinical validation to unleash its full clinical potential.
Physiographic Environment Classification: a Controlling Factor Classification of Landscape Susceptibility to Waterborne Contaminant Loss
Authors: Rissmann Clinton W. F. , Pearson Lisa K. , Snelder Ton H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpatial variation in the landscape factors climate, geomorphology, and lithology cause significant differences in water quality issues even when land use pressures are similar. The Physiographic Environment Classification (PEC) classifies landscapes based on their susceptibility to the loss of water quality contaminants. The classification is informed by a conceptual model of the landscape factors that control the hydrochemical maturity of water discharged to streams. In New Zealand, a case study using climatic, topographic, and geological data classified the country into six, 36, and 320 classes at Levels 1 (Climate), 1–2 (Climate + Geomorphology), and 1–3 (Climate + Geomorphology + Lithology), respectively. Variance partitioning analysis applied to New Zealand’s national surface water monitoring network (n = 810 stations) assessed the contributions of PEC classes and land use on the spatial variation of water quality contaminants. Compared to land use, PEC explained 0.6× the variation in Nitrate Nitrite Nitrogen (NNN), 1.0× in Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 1.8× in Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus (DRP), 2.3× in Particulate Phosphorus (PP), 2.6× in E. coli, and 4.3× in Turbidity (TURB). Land use explained more variation in riverine NNN, while landscape factors explained more variation in DRP, PP, E. coli, and TURB. Overall, PEC accounted for 2.1× more variation in riverine contaminant concentrations than land use. The differences in contaminant concentrations between PEC classes (p < 0.05), after adjusting for land use, were consistent with the conceptual model of hydrochemical maturation. PEC elucidates underlying causes of contaminant loss susceptibility and can inform targeted land management across multiple scales.
A bilateral four-headed brachialis muscle with a variant innervation: a cadaveric report with possible clinical implications
Authors: Piagkou Maria , Triantafyllou George , Koutsougeras Aggelos , Koutserimpas Christos , Katsogiannis Dimitris , Georgiev Georgi , Olewnik Lukasz , Zielinska Nicol , Tsakotos George 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anterior compartment muscles of the arm present high morphological variability, with possible clinical significance. The current cadaveric report aims to describe a bilateral four-headed brachialis muscle (BM) with aberrant innervation. Emphasis on the embryological background and possible clinical significance are also provided.

Methods
Classical upper limb dissection was performed on an 84-year-old donated male cadaver. The cadaver was donated to the Anatomy Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

Results
On the left upper limb, the four-headed BM was supplied by the musculocutaneous and the median nerves after their interconnection.
On the right upper limb, the four-headed BM received its innervation from the median nerve due to the musculocutaneous nerve absence.
A bilateral muscular tunnel for the radial nerve passage was identified, between the BM accessory heads and the brachioradialis muscle.

Conclusion
BM has clinical significance, due to its proximity to important neurovascular structures and frequent surgeries at the humerus. Hence, knowledge of these variants should keep orthopedic surgeons alert when intervening in this area. Further dissection studies with a standardized protocol are needed to elucidate the prevalence of BM aberrations and concomitant variants.
Predictive performance of population pharmacokinetic models of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Dilli Batcha Jaya Shree , Gota Vikram , Matcha Saikumar , Raju Arun Prasath , Rao Mahadev , Udupa Karthik S. , Mallayasamy Surulivelrajan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with the specific chromosomal translocation known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Imatinib is a potent BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is approved as the first line therapy for CML patients. There are various population pharmacokinetic studies available in the literature for this population. However, their use in other populations outside of their cohort for the model development has not been evaluated. This study was aimed to perform the predictive performance of the published population pharmacokinetic models for imatinib in CML population and propose a dosing nomogram.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted through PubMed, and WoS databases to identify PopPK models. Clinical data collected in adult CML patients treated with imatinib was used for evaluation of these models. Various prediction-based metrics were used for assessing the bias and precision of PopPK models using individual predictions.

Results
Eight imatinib PopPK model were selected for evaluating the model performance. A total of 145 plasma imatinib samples were collected from 43 adult patients diagnosed with CML and treated with imatinib. The PopPK model reported by Menon et al. had better performance than all other PopPK models.

Conclusion
Menon et al. model was able to predict well for our clinical data where it had the relative mean prediction error percentage ≤ 20%, relative median absolute prediction error ≤ 30% and relative root mean square error close to zero. Based on this final model, we proposed a dosing nomogram for various weight groups, which could potentially help to maintain the trough concentrations in the therapeutic range.
Food web interactions of two breeding Arctic shorebird species, little stint Calidris minuta and red knot Calidris canutus, are shaped by their elevational distribution
Authors: Zhemchuzhnikov Mikhail K. , Lameris Thomas K. , Soloviev Mikhail Y. , Golovnyuk Viktor V. , ten Horn Job , Kutcherov Dmitry A. , Popovkina Anastasia B. , Sukhova Maria A. , Zhemchuzhnikova Elena A. , van Gils Jan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBirds often have to choose their nest site location along a food safety axis, balancing nest predation danger with the food requirements of themselves and their offspring. This is probably most important for precocial species, such as most shorebirds, in which both chicks and parents need access to food resources in the surroundings of the nest, at least during the first days of life of the chicks. In many Arctic ecosystems, shorebird nests are typically prone to predation by both avian and terrestrial predators, especially in lemming-poor years. Among other factors, the strength of the trophic interactions between shorebirds, their prey, and their predators depend on how all of these are distributed across space. During two breeding seasons in northern Taimyr, North-Central Russia, we investigated how the spatial distribution of red knot Calidris canutus and little stint Calidris minuta nests and broods overlaps with the local food landscape and also with the distribution of avian predators and their main prey, lemmings. We found that the two shorebird species use different habitats that vary in arthropod community structure in accordance with the birds’ diet: while little stints selected lower elevations where chironomid midges Chironomidae are more abundant, red knots selected higher elevations where crane flies Tipulidae are more abundant. Furthermore, little stints share low-elevation habitats with lemmings and predators, while red knots inhabit higher elevations averted by both lemmings and avian predators. We found higher nest predation for little stint nests than for red knots nests, especially in a low-lemming year. Our results thus support the idea that food web interactions are driven by landscape and community aspects.
Biology and epibiont community of the red decorator crab, Schizophrys aspera, on the southern Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Goodhill Clare , Desbiens Amelia A. , Wolfe Kennedy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganismal symbioses are fundamental to biodiversity, evolution, and ecosystem functioning. On coral reefs, many decapod species have formed distinct epibiotic symbioses through decoration tendencies that enhance diet, camouflage, and defence. The red decorator crab, Schizophrys aspera (Majidae: Decapoda), has a broad Indo-Pacific distribution and is a successful predator of juvenile crown-of-thorns seastars (CoTS; Acanthaster sp.). However, little is known of the biology and decorating symbioses of S. aspera on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), where CoTS pose ongoing management challenges. We characterised S. aspera and its epibiont community collected in coral rubble patches on the southern GBR. S. aspera predominantly used sponges (94 ± 1%; mean ± SE) in its decoration, with greater proportions of the carapace covered for juveniles (58 ± 5%) and females (46 ± 4%) compared to males (24 ± 4%). In short-term (8-d) experiments, S. aspera substantially reduced sponge (31%) and algal (47%) cover on rubble pieces, demonstrating its potential to alter sessile communities. The close association of S. aspera with sponges and algae likely reflects its diet and enhances camouflage and chemical defence in its coral rubble niche on the GBR. As sessile taxa are often noxious, we postulate that these symbioses may confer resilience of S. aspera to plancitoxins in its consumption of CoTS. Evaluating how epibiont diversity and biochemistry shape the habitat associations, distribution, and role of S. aspera as predator and prey may be important to understanding its ability to mediate CoTS densities on the GBR and elsewhere.
The costs of overwintering in paper wasps (Polistes dominula and Polistes gallicus): the use of energy stores
Authors: Stabentheiner Anton , Mauerhofer Teresa , Willfurth Regina , Kovac Helmut , Stabentheiner Edith , Käfer Helmut , Petrocelli Iacopo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOverwintering insects are facing energetic challenges because of food shortage, low temperature, and desiccation stress. Paper wasps of the genus Polistes overwinter as mated adults (gynes) in hibernacula protecting them from predation, snow, and rain but barely from low environmental temperature. In different climates, they face differing overwintering temperature regimes, and therefore they may differ in their energy use. We investigated how much of energy resources built up until autumn is used during diapause dormancy in natural hibernacula by measuring lipid, glycogen, and free carbohydrate content in autumn and early spring in Polistes dominula from temperate European (Austrian) and warm Mediterranean (Italian) climate and Polistes gallicus from Mediterranean climate. Winter energy consumption amounted to ~ 339 and ~ 310 J per wasp in the Austrian and Italian Polistes dominula populations. The smaller Italian Polistes gallicus consumed ~ 247 J. This amounts to 2.62, 2.35, and 1.79 J per day. Of this, the energy demand was mainly fuelled by lipids (84%, 93%, and 90%, respectively), but glycogen stores contributed also considerably (16%, 6%, and 9%). Free carbohydrates decreased only by 0.7%, 1%, and 0.8%. While fat stores seem still sufficient in spring, the wasps depleted most of their carbohydrates. The energy reserves of 396, 400, and 147 J per wasp remaining in spring in the three populations seem sufficient to fuel rest or simple brood care activities for a whole summer but restrict foraging flights to a few hours (~ 3.5–6 h). Results suggest that energy supply might become challenging in expected future climate scenarios.
Analyzing the reduction quality of the distal radioulnar joint after closed K-wire transfixation in a cadaver model: is supination or neutral position superior?
Authors: El Barbari Jan Siad , Kohlhas Laura , Franke Jochen , Grützner Paul Alfred , Schnetzke Marc , Swartman Benedict James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instabilities are challenging and their optimal treatment is controversial. In special cases or when reconstruction of the stabilizing triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) fails, K-wire transfixation can be performed. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the rotational position of the forearm in which this should be done. Therefore, it was investigated whether anatomical reduction would best be achieved by transfixation in neutral position or supination of the forearm.

Materials and methods
Twelve cadaveric upper limbs were examined before dissection of the DRUJ stabilizing ligaments and after closed transfixation in both positions by C-arm cone-beam CT. Whether this was first done in neutral position or in supination was randomized. The change in the radioulnar ratio (RR) in percentage points (%points) was analyzed using Student's t-test. RR was used since it is a common and sensitive method to evaluate DRUJ reduction, expressing the ulnar head's position in the sigmoid notch as a length ratio.

Results
The analysis showed an increased change in RR in neutral position with 5.4 ± 9.7%points compared to fixation in supination with 0.2 ± 16.1%points, yet this was not statistically significant (p = 0.404).

Conclusions
Neither position leads to a superior reduction in general. However, the result was slightly closer to the anatomical position in supination. Thus, transfixation of the DRUJ should be performed in the position in which reduction could best be achieved and based on these data, that tends to be in supination. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings and to identify influential factors.
Evaluation of a self-administered iPad®-based processing speed assessment for people with multiple sclerosis in a clinical routine setting
Authors: Hechenberger Stefanie , Helmlinger Birgit , Tinauer Christian , Jauk Emanuel , Ropele Stefan , Heschl Bettina , Wurth Sebastian , Damulina Anna , Eppinger Sebastian , Demjaha Rina , Khalil Michael , Enzinger Christian , Pinter Daniela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Limited resources often hinder regular cognitive assessment of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in standard clinical care. A self-administered iPad®-based cognitive screening-tool (Processing Speed Test; PST) might mitigate this problem.

Objective
To evaluate the PST in clinical routine.

Methods
We investigated the feasibility of the PST in both a quiet and a waiting room setting. We assessed the validity of the PST in comparison with the established Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). We explored associations between processing speed assessments and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, and psychological factors. Additionally, we explored the ability of the PST to detect impairment in processing speed compared to the SDMT.

Results
The PST was feasible in the waiting room setting. PST and SDMT correlated comparably with the BICAMS, MRI parameters, and psychological variables. Of 172 pwMS, 50 (30.8%) showed cognitive impairment according to the BICAMS; respective values were 47 (27.3%) for the SDMT and 9 (5.2%) for the PST.

Conclusions
The PST performed in a waiting room setting correlates strongly with established cognitive tests. It thus may be used to assess processing speed in a resource-efficient manner and complement cognitive assessment in clinical routine. Despite comparable validity of the PST and SDMT, we identified more pwMS with impaired processing speed using normative data of the SDMT compared to the PST and advise caution, that the common cut-off score of – 1.5 SD from the current PST is not appropriate in Europe.
Substrate utilization and durability during prolonged intermittent exercise in elite road cyclists
Authors: Ørtenblad Niels , Zachariassen Magnus , Nielsen Joachim , Gejl Kasper Degn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the effects of prolonged intermittent cycling exercise on peak power output (PPO) and 6-min time-trial (6 min-TT) performance in elite and professional road cyclists. Moreover, the study aimed to determine whether changes in performance in the fatigued state could be predicted from substrate utilization during exercise and laboratory measures obtained in a fresh state.

Methods
Twelve cyclists (age: 23 years [21;25]; body mass: 71.5 kg [66.7;76.8]; height: 181 cm [178;185]; $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak: 73.6 ml kg−1 min−1 [71.2;76.0]) completed a graded submaximal cycling test to determine lactate threshold (LT1), gross efficiency (GE), and maximal fat oxidation (MFO) as well as power output during a maximal 6 min-TT (MPO6 min) in a fresh condition. On a separate day, the cyclists completed a 4-h intermittent cycling protocol with a high CHO intake (100 g h−1). Substrate utilization and PPO was measured hourly during the protocol, which was followed by another 6 min-TT.

Results
MPO6 min and PPO was reduced by 10% [4;15] and 6% [0;6], respectively, after the cycling protocol. These reductions were accompanied by reductions in the anaerobic energy contribution and $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak, whereas the average $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2 during the 6 min-TT was unchanged. Correlation analyses showed no strong associations between reductions in MPO6 min and PPO and laboratory measures (i.e., LT1, GE, MFO, $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak) obtained in the fresh condition. Additionally, fat oxidation rates during the cycling protocol were not related to changes in neither PPO nor MPO6 min.

Conclusion
PPO and MPO6 min were reduced following prolonged intermittent cycling, but the magnitude of these reductions could not be predicted from laboratory measures obtained in the fresh condition.
A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation
Authors: Shoemaker J. Kevin , Gros Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarly in the twentieth century, Walter B. Cannon (1871–1945) introduced his overarching hypothesis of “homeostasis” (Cannon 1932)—the ability to sustain physiological values within a narrow range necessary for life during periods of stress. Physical exercise represents a stress in which motor, respiratory and cardiovascular systems must be integrated across a range of metabolic stress to match oxygen delivery to oxygen need at the cellular level, together with appropriate thermoregulatory control, blood pressure adjustments and energy provision. Of these, blood pressure regulation is a complex but controlled variable, being the function of cardiac output and vascular resistance (or conductance). Key in understanding blood pressure control during exercise is the coordinating role of the autonomic nervous system. A long history outlines the development of these concepts and how they are integrated within the exercise context. This review focuses on the renaissance observations and thinking generated in the first three decades of the twentieth century that opened the doorway to new concepts of inquiry in cardiovascular regulation during exercise. The concepts addressed here include the following: (1) exercise and blood pressure, (2) central command, (3) neurovascular transduction with emphasis on the sympathetic nerve activity and the vascular end organ response, and (4) tonic neurovascular integration.
Primary non-refluxing megaureter: Natural history, follow-up and treatment
Authors: Rivetti Giulio , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Guarino Stefano , Di Sessa Anna , La Manna Angela , Caldamone Anthony A. , Papparella Alfonso , Noviello Carmine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrimary non-refluxing megaureter (PMU) is a congenital dilation of the ureter which is not related to vesicoureteral reflux, duplicated collecting systems, ureterocele, ectopic ureter, or posterior urethral valves and accounts for 5 to 10% of all prenatal hydronephrosis (HN) cases. The etiology is a dysfunction or stenosis of the distal ureter. Most often PMU remains asymptomatic with spontaneous resolution allowing for non-operative management. Nevertheless, in selective cases such as the development of febrile urinary tract infections, worsening of the ureteral dilatation, or reduction in relative renal function, surgery should be considered.Conclusion: Ureteral replantation with excision of the dysfunctional ureteral segment and often ureteral tapering is the gold-standard procedure for PMU, although endoscopic treatment has been shown to have a fair success rate in many studies. In this review, we discuss the natural history, follow-up, and treatment of PMU.

What is Known:• PMU is the result of an atonic or stenotic segment of the distal ureter, resulting in congenital dilation of the ureter, and is frequently diagnosed on routine antenatal ultrasound.

What is New:• Most often, PMU remains asymptomatic and clinically stable, allowing for non-operative management.• Nevertheless, since symptoms can appear even after years of observation, long-term ultrasound follow-up is recommended, even up to young adulthood, if hydroureteronephrosis persists.• Ureteral replantation is the gold standard in case surgery is needed. In selected cases, however, HPBD could be a reasonable alternative.
Instantaneous everywhere-blowup of parabolic SPDEs
Authors: Foondun Mohammud , Khoshnevisan Davar , Nualart Eulalia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the following stochastic heat equation $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t u(t,x) = \tfrac{1}{2} \partial ^2_x u(t,x) + b(u(t,x)) + \sigma (u(t,x)) {\dot{W}}(t,x), \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

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)

=

1
2

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x
2

u

(
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+
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(
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(
t
,
x
)

)

+
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)

)

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)

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defined for $$(t,x)\in (0,\infty )\times {\mathbb {R}}$$

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×
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, where $${\dot{W}}$$

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˙

denotes space-time white noise. The function $$\sigma $$
σ
is assumed to be positive, bounded, globally Lipschitz, and bounded uniformly away from the origin, and the function b is assumed to be positive, locally Lipschitz and nondecreasing. We prove that the Osgood condition $$\begin{aligned} \int _1^\infty \frac{\textrm{d}y}{b(y)}<\infty \end{aligned}$$

∫
1
∞

d
y

b
(
y
)

<
∞

implies that the solution almost surely blows up everywhere and instantaneously, In other words, the Osgood condition ensures that $$\textrm{P}\{ u(t,x)=\infty \quad \hbox { for all } t>0 \hbox { and } x\in {\mathbb {R}}\}=1.$$

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=
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for all

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and

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=
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.

The main ingredients of the proof involve a hitting-time bound for a class of differential inequalities (Remark 3.3), and the study of the spatial growth of stochastic convolutions using techniques from the Malliavin calculus and the Poincaré inequalities that were developed in Chen et al. (Electron J Probab 26:1–37, 2021, J Funct Anal 282(2):109290, 2022).