bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TIME-VARYING CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE ROCKET’S ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT
Authors: Avdieiev V.V. 
Published: April 2024

The rocket motion control system is time-varying, because its parameters during flight depend on the trajectory point and fuel consumptions. In the available sources, due attention is not paid to the development of a mathematical apparatus of an applied value for the quan- titative assessment of the dynamic characteristics of a time-varying system.
The purpose of the work is to justify the possibility of an algorithm building for calcu- lating the parameters of a link with constant parameters, which is equivalent to a time- varying system in terms of dynamic characteristics at the selected trajectory section.
The link’s parameters are found by using the criterion of equivalence of the array of values of the motion model’soutput signal and the analytical solution of the link’s differential equation for a given sequence of input signals. This makes it possible to use the mathematical apparatus of stationary systems to determine the indicators of the disturbances compensation.
The model of the control system of the rocket’s rotational movement in one plane is taken as a linear differential equation with time-varying parameters without taking into ac- count the executive device inertia and other disturbances. The link with constant parameters is a fractional-rational function of the second order, for the determination of which a se- quence of signals is applied to the input of the system model, the duration of which depends on the desired stability margin on the roots plane of the characteristic polynomial.
Using the example of a time-varying system for controlling the rocket’srotational movement in the yaw plane, the possibility of determining the parameters of the transition process of compensation for the disturbances characteristic of it is shown for the selected tra- jectory section.
The obtained results can be used in the design of a motion control system with time- varying parameters.
The next stage of the research is an assessment of the complexity level of the calcula- tion algorithm when increasing the order of the system’smathematical model.
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION IN THE CONTROL CIRCUITS OF FLIGHT APPARATUS HAVING DISCRETE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
Authors: Ignatkin V.U. , Dudnikov V. S. , Shulzhyk Y. O. , Yushkevich O. P. 
Published: April 2024

Adaptive management of processes, in particular the flight of aircraft (especially long- range ballistic missiles), requires the availability of operational and reliable information about the state of the process and its parameters. The initial information about the state of the process is the current values of the object's parameters, which are measured using primary measuring transducers - sensors. These sensors are the beginning of the information and measurement channels in the control circuit of the aircraft (LA), through which information about the parameters of the aircraft is sent to the on-board digital computer (BCOM), the reliability of which depends on the accuracy of achieving the goal of the flight of the LA.
A method of increasing the reliability of information transmission has been developed based on the use of a group of coding systems, its adaptive selection as the best in the process of operational assessment of the state of a discrete channel on a real-time scale, while the synthesis of the initial adaptive predictive model (at the stage of identification in the "learning" mode) is carried out and adjusted this model in operational identification mode.
An analysis of methods and algorithms for detecting errors in discrete communication channels in the presence of synchronization errors was carried out, as well as selected software tools for the study of error statistics in stationary and dynamic modes.
It is noted that for practical purposes, various variants of suboptimal filter structures with adjustable parameters are used, which are adjusted, like regulators, for specific conditions of their application. A moving average filter and a filter implementing the exponential smoothing method are usually used. It should be noted that the software implementation of the exponential smoothing algorithm requires the performance of a smaller number of arithmetic operations and, accordingly, a smaller volume of RAM of the BCM than for the moving average algorithm. The choice of the type of filter and its amplitude-phase characteristic are determined from the condition of minimum root mean square deviation. The most effective of them are Kalman-Busy filters.
Qisas Punishment Imposed by Surambi Court in Kasunanan of Surakarta Post Palihan Nagari
Authors: Kasiran Sugiarti , D. Dienaputra Reiza , Nugraha Awaludin , Kartika N. 
Published: April 2024

Surambi Court began in the time of Sunan Paku Buwono IV ruling in 1788-1820 M. Surambi as the highest court was authorized to pass judgments over serious crimes, including murder cases in Surakarta. Back in the time, soldiers assigned to executing the punishment were established: Nirbaya, Martalulut, and Singanagara. Surakarta was the region under the Dutch colonialism, and this situation did not allow Islamic Law to be fully enforced in the region due to the interference of the invaders. This research employed historical legal approach intended to study the legal history from the perspective of the development and the origin of legal system growing in a certain society and to compare it to another different law. The research methods involved the studies of history such as heuristic, critical, interpretational, and historiographic approaches. The research found out that qisas punishment was not imposed as what is governed in Islamic Law. The Dutch interference in internal issues in the keraton (palace) took over all court decisions under its control. The Dutch could aggravate or even alleviate punishment imposed on a defendant as long as it benefitted the Dutch.
Constitutional Court Verdict on "Error In Objecto" Lawsuit in Dispute Over Regional Election Results
Authors: Rahmawati Nurlaili , Nugraha Sigit Nurhadi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
The settlement of cases resulting from the Regional Head Election (Pilkada) is still within the authority of the Constitutional Court. In deciding this case, the Constitutional Court made explicit regulations regarding the procedural law of the trial as outlined in the Constitutional Court Regulations. One of the problems that arise in the examination (trial) of disputes over the results of the regional elections is that the application submitted by the losing party (applicant) turns out to be the wrong object (error in objecto). This error usually occurs because the object being sued is not the final decision on the election results. This research is a normative juridical research that aims to examine the attitudes and decisions of the Constitutional Court regarding requests for disputes over Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) that are Error In Objecto. The result of this study is that the Plaintiff in making the application must clearly not be mistaken in determining the object. In the case/dispute over the results of the regional elections, the object of the lawsuit is the final decree of the General Elections Commission regarding the determination of the results of the election results and not others. Accuracy in making posita and petitum is very important because wrong posita and petitum will lead to the wrong and fatal determination of the object of the application. When this is the issue, the Constitutional Court will not accept the application because it is not authorized. An error in determining the object of this application in procedural law is termed error in objecto, so accuracy as an applicant, respondent, or related party is needed. The recommendation given is that the plaintiff should be more careful in making applications and the revision of the application given by the Constitutional Court at the preliminary hearing, can be used by the applicant to correct his application so as not to incorrectly determine the object of the application/error in objecto.
Rekontruksi Dikotomi Dar al-Islam dan Dar al-Harb
Authors: Junaidy Abdul Basith 
Published: April 2024

Secara Historis diakui bahwa para ahli hukum Islam (fukaha) pada abad pertengahan pernah melakukan ijtihad pembagian dunia menjadi dua : Negara Islam (da@r al-Isla@m) dan Negara kafir (da@r al-h}arb) untuk tujuan-tujuan tertentu. Dalam merespon pembagian tersebut, para pemikir muslim kontemporer berbeda pendapat. Di satu sisi, sebagian pemikir muslim berpandangan bahwa pembagian tersebut dilakukan karena didasarkan pada falsafah bahwa basis hubungan antara muslim dan non-muslim adalah permusuhan permanen sampai seluruh dunia dikuasai oleh kaum muslim.Di sisi lain, ada sebagian pemikir pemikir muslim menyatakan bahwa basis hubungan antara muslim dan non-muslim adalah perdamaian. mereka menyatakan bahwa teori pembagian Dunia ke dalam negara Islam dan negara kafir dikemukakan dengan tujuan yang baik dan tidak dimaksudkan sebagai sarana membenturkan antara keduanya sebagaimana dipahami kelompok-kelompok radikal. Pembagian tersebut sesungguhnya dimaksudkan untuk mencari titik perbedaan antara hukum syariat yang stabil, sempurna dan normal dengan hukum syariat yang tidak sempurna,tidak stabil, tidak normal atau bersifat pengecualian. Pembagian wilayah ini ditujukan membantu penduduk muslim yang berada di wilayah yang mayoritas penduduknya non-muslim agar dapat menjalankan kehidupun dengan tetap menjalankan hukum syariat.Komunitas minoritas muslim tersebut memang membutuhkan penanganan khusus agar dapat tetap menjalankan hukum syariat di antara mereka.
Namun seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pembagian dunia menjadi 2 kategori (dikotomis) atau 3 kategori (trpartit) tidak berlaku lagi. Dunia sekarang memang sudah terbagi menjadi beberapa tipe wilayah, akan tetapi pembagian itu sama sekali tidak berdasarkan perbedaan agama para warganya. Akan tetapi karena perbedaan didasarkan pada perbedaan-perbedaan selain agama. Bagi kaum muslim, negara Islam, meminjam pandangan fukaha Hanafiyah dan Syafiâ€™iyyah, dimungkinkan kepala negaranya bukan seorang muslim, sementara wilayahnya adalah da@r al-Isla@m karena kaum muslimin bisa menjalankan hukum-hukum Islam di dalamnya.
Tinjauan Filsafat Hukuman dalam Islam terhadap Overspel dan Zina
Authors: Candra Marli , Nadhiva Nanda Pricilia 
Published: April 2024

The article aims to examine the legal philosophy that underlies the punishment of overspel written in article 284 of the Indonesia Criminal Code and zina in Islamic criminal law. Apart from studying its philosophical grounds, this article also seeks to understand the differences between overspel and zina. This article is a literacy study with interviewing several sources regarding their understanding of both overspel and zina. The results showed that there are connections between the community's view of the definition of zina and overspel. Overspel is a part of zina in its broader meaning. Zina categorised into zina al-lamam, namely all immoral act, zina muhshon, which is illegal sexual intercourse by married couples and zina ghairu muhshon for unmarried people. Overspel fall into the second category, namely zina muhshon. The legal philosophy that underlies zina is utilitarian principles, a punishment which aims to achieve future effects such as deterrent influence on society and a rehabilitative result for zina ghairu muhshon. Whereby overspel based on personal losses and regarded as a complaint offence.
Analisis Sanksi Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 Ditinjau dari Konsep Ta’zir dalam Fikih Jinayah
Authors: Fadilla Intan Nur , Santoso Arif Dian 
Published: April 2024

In fiqh jinayah, criminal sanctions for corruptors are included in the ta'zir punishment adjusted to the decision of ulul 'amri based on several considerations because several jarimah are relevant to the concept of corruption, jarimah ghulul and al-rishwah. The Supreme Court formulates sentencing guidelines for judges. It issues them into Supreme Court regulations (PERMA) Number 1 of 2020 to realize legal certainty, justice, and proportional benefits in imposing crimes against perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption. This paper aims to identify and analyze the application of ta’zir in the sentencing guidelines issued by the Supreme Court from the perspective of fiqh jinayah by prioritizing the benefit of the people. The research method used in this study uses normative legal research, and it can be concluded: 1. Criminal sanctions commonly applied by the jarimah ta’zir are imprisonment and a fine formulated in PERMA Number 1 of 2020. 2. The guidelines for punishment in the Supreme Court regulations are by the concept of ta’zir because criminal sanctions are determined proportionally based on several considerations, namely the criteria for the high and low impact of the act and The profit obtained by the perpetrator determines the size of the criminal sanction imposed by the judge.
Perlindungan Hukum Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum dalam Perspektif Fiqh Jinayah
Authors: Mubarok Nafi' 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskrisikan dan menganalisa bentuk konkrit perlindungan hukum bagi anak, khususnya Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum (ABH), baik dalam hukum pidana positif maupun dalam Hukum Pidana Islam. Di akhir tulisan disimpulkan bahwa dasar hukum perlindungan hukum ABH secara internasional adalah Convention of Rights of Child 1989, sedangkan secara nasional adalah Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, yang secara spesifik terdapat dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Berikutnya, bentuk konkrit perlindungan kepada ABH adalah pemberian kekhususan pada pelaku pidana anak, berupa: (1) hak-hak anak dalam proses peradilan pidana, (2) pengaturan secara tegas mengenai keadilan restoratif dan diversi, (3) penjatuhan sanksi yang tepat untuk kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, (4) adanya Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). Sedangkan, dalam Hukum Pidana Islam status ABH terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan “terhapusnya sanksi pidana” bagi pelaku jarimah, yang terkait dengan dua unsur, yaitu: (1) memiliki daya pikir (iradah) dan (2) memiliki pilihan (ikhtiyar). Sehingga, anak yang belum baligh ketika melakukansuatu jarimah tidak bisa dikenakan sanksi pidana, dan jika ada kerugian perdata maka sanksi perdata bisa dibebankan kepada orang tua atau walinya. Namun hakim bisa menjatuhkan sanksi sebagai pengajaran, jika dianggap berguna bagi anak tersebut.
Isbat Nikah Pernikahan Poligami secara Siri dalam Putusan Nomor 3401/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Sby
Authors: Syafa’ Nadhifa Salsabilla , Musyafaah Nur Lailatul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In Indonesia, many cases of polygamy are carried out in series, so to register polygamy requires marriage isbat. On the other hand, polygamous marriages must obtain permission from the court. Based on this, this article aims to review the Surabaya Religious Court Decision Number 3401/Pdt.G/2022/PA. Sby about isbat nikah for husbands who practice polygamy in siri (secret). This research is normative juridical research. Data was collected from rulings laws and regulations on marriage and polygamy. In addition, data is supported from books or journals. The collected data were analyzed with a deductive mindset that the data on isbat nikah for polygamous marriages were serially analyzed under law. The study concluded that judges had several considerations for granting isbat requests from serial polygamous marriages. From a philosophical point of view, the decision prioritizes the acquisition of rights that must be owned by the Petitioners. However, from the juridical side, the Panel of Judges is considered to have committed contra legem actions by overriding SEMA rule Number 3 of 2018. Because, indirectly, the Surabaya Religious Court Judges justify an act that has deviated and violated the law.
Keywords: Contra legem, polygamy, siri marriage, Islamic law.
Abstrak: Di Indonesia banyak kasus poligami yang dilakukan secara siri, sehingga untuk mencatatkan poligami tersebut dibutuhkan isbat nikah. Di sisi lain pernikahan poligami harus mendapatkan izin dari pengadilan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Putusan Pengadilan Agama Surabaya Nomor 3401/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Sby tentang isbat nikah bagi suami yang melakukan poligami secara siri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Data dikumpulkan dari putusan dan peraturan perundang undangan tentang isbat nikah dan poligami. Selain itu data didukung dari buku atau jurnal. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan pola pikir deduktif bahwa data tentang isbat nikah bagi pernikahan poligami secara siri dianalisis dengan hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hakim memiliki beberapa pertimbangan untuk mengabulkan permohonan isbat dari perkawinan poligami siri. Ditinjau dari sisi filosofis, putusan tersebut mengedepankan perolehan hak-hak yang harus dimiliki oleh Para Pemohon. Namun, dari sisi yuridis Majelis Hakim dinilai telah melakukan tindakan contra legem dengan mengesampingkan aturan SEMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2018. Sebab, secara tidak langsung Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Agama Surabaya membenarkan suatu perbuatan yang telah menyimpang dan melanggar hukum.
Kata Kunci: Contra Legem, Poligami, Kawin Siri, hukum Islam
Ameliorating heat stressed conditions in wheat by altering its physiological and phenotypic traits associated with varying nitrogen levels
Authors: SHAUKAT Muhammad , ABBASI Asim , RAMZAN Kashaf , HINA Aiman , MEMON Shafique Q. , MAQSOOD Zarish , GAAFAR Abdel-Rhman Z. , HODHOD Mohamed S. , LAMLOM Sobhi F. 
Published: April 2024

Currently, more than half of the global nations cultivating wheat crops are facing severe consequences of climate change and its associated heat stress in terms of quantitative and qualitative yield losses. Plants exposed to heat stress need a balanced and adequate amount of mineral nutrients to counter its ill effects. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of heat stress applied during the vegetative growth period (Zadoks growth scale: ZGS 5-60) on physiological and phenotypic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop subjected to variable rates of nitrogen (N). In this experiment, wheat plants of cv. ‘Punjab-2011’ were exposed to two levels of temperature i.e. heat stress (HS) and control or non-heat stress (NHS), and three N rates (N50 = 50 kg ha-1, N100= 100 kg ha-1 and N150 = 150 kg ha-1). The experiment was executed under controlled conditions in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications. One set of eighteen pots containing wheat seedlings was placed in a compartment of the greenhouse under heat-stressed conditions, while another set was placed in another compartment under non-heated conditions. The greenhouse compartments were equipped with a heating and cooling system to maintain desired ecological conditions. Pots in heated chamber were kept for 60 days from emergence (ZGS = 5-60), and then shifted to non-heated chamber till harvesting. The temperature in heat stress treatment was almost 2 ± 0.47 °C higher than in non-heated treatment. The results indicated that HS significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate by 42.52%, leaf photosynthetic efficiency by 56.82%, chlorophyll scores by 20.11%, relative water contents (RWC) by 12.81%, tillers by 48.21%, grain weight by 21.47% and grain yield by 68.20% relative to NHS conditions. These reductions were more prominent in plants subjected to a limited N dose rate (50 kg N ha-1). Furthermore, the results also revealed higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and membrane ruptures under HS with N50 treatment. However, N150 treatment compensated for the detrimental effects of HS on wheat plants by improving the photosynthetic rate and efficiencies, higher RWC, more stability of membrane and pigments, more tillers, and higher grain weight, and grain yield of wheat. Additionally, grain yield was negatively correlated with transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and membrane leakage. In conclusion, a high dose rate of N under high temperatures during vegetative growth could alleviate the magnitude of penalties to grain yield and enhance the potential of wheat crops to withstand heat-induced detrimental effects.
Herramientas y propuestas de innovación basadas en la tecnología de realidad aumentada aplicadas a la literatura infantil y juvenil / Tools and proposals for innovation based on augmented reality technology applied children's literature
Authors: Moreno Martínez Noelia Margarita , Onieva Lopez Juan Lucas 
Published: April 2024

ResumenEn la sociedad de la información en la que nos encontramos inmersos la proliferación y el auge que están teniendo hoy en día dispositivos como smartphone, tablet, phablet se manifiesta en la asunción de nuevos modelos de aprendizaje, formas de vida, de comunicación, relaciones y entretenimiento por parte del ciudadano de la nueva era digital. Así pues, el desarrollo de estrategias para implantar estas nuevas herramientas tecnológicas en el aula supone una oportunidad para replantearnos la práctica educativa acorde con las nuevas características, demandas y necesidades del alumnado diverso al que se atiende, aprovechando así las posibilidades que nos ofrecen las tecnologías emergentes como la realidad aumentada (RA) bajo una nueva modalidad de aprendizaje basada en Mobile Learning. En el presente trabajo realizaremos una revisión y análisis de aplicaciones móviles basadas en la tecnología de realidad aumentada para entornos Android e iOs y, posteriormente, presentaremos propuestas de actividades para la implementación de dicha tecnología en el abordaje de la literatura infantil y juvenil. AbstractIn our society´s information where we are immersed there is a boom about devices such as smartphone, tablet, phablet. They are reflected in the assumption of new learning models, lifestyles, communication, relationships and entertainment by citizens of the new digital era. Thus, the development of strategies to implement these new technological tools in the classroom is an opportunity to rethink the line educational practice with new features, demands and needs of diverse student. They are attending and take advantage of the possibilities offered by emerging technologies as augmented reality in a new mode of learning based on Mobile Learning. In this paper, we review and analysis of mobile applications based on augmented reality technology developed for Android and iOS environments, and we will present activities for the implementation of this technology for addressing children's literature.