bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric neurosurgery training during residency in Switzerland and the need for dedicated subspecialization training
Authors: Greuter Ladina , Licci Maria , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pediatric Neurosurgery as a subspeciality started to emerge during the late 1950s, with only a few dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons in the Western world. Over the last few decades, the awareness that children require subspecialized care by dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons and an interdisciplinary team has been growing worldwide, leading to an increase in pediatric neurosurgeons. Several studies have shown that subspecialized care for pediatric patients improves outcomes and is cost-effective. This survey aims to assess the current setting of pediatric neurosurgery and training of neurosurgical residents in pediatric neurosurgery in Switzerland.

Methods
We conducted an online survey by sending e-mail invitations in 2021 to all neurosurgical residents in Switzerland. The survey included questions regarding the participants' demographics, current workplace structures, the care of specific pediatric neurosurgical pathologies, and participants’ opinions of the Swiss training program for pediatric neurosurgery and possible improvement. We defined at the beginning of the survey that a pediatric neurosurgeon is a board-certified neurosurgeon with at least one year of dedicated pediatric neurosurgical fellowship training abroad.

Results
We received a total of 25 responses from residents, of which 20 (80%) were male. Twenty-two participants (88%) worked in one of seven major hospitals in Switzerland at the time of the survey, and four (16%) were interested in pursuing a fellowship in pediatric neurosurgery. Seven (35%) and five residents (25%) feel comfortable taking care on the ward of a craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus patient younger than 6 months, respectively. Twelve residents (60%) feel comfortable taking care of a pediatric brain tumor patient. The majority (n = 22, 88%) of all residents agree that a fellowship-trained pediatric neurosurgeon should treat children, while two (8%) residents state that any neurosurgeon with an interest in pediatric neurosurgery should be able to treat children. All residents (n = 25, 100%) agree that pediatric neurosurgery training and care in Switzerland needs to be improved.

Conclusion
Pediatric neurosurgery training in Switzerland is rather heterogeneous and not very well structured, with varying frequencies of children-specific neurosurgical pathologies. Most residents agreed that a subspecialized pediatric neurosurgeon should oversee the care of children in neurosurgery, while all agree that pediatric neurosurgical training and care should be improved in Switzerland.
Awareness, knowledge and attitudes of human papillomavirus infection, screening and vaccination: a survey study in Greece
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Douligeris Athanasios , Mortaki Anastasia , Vlachos Dimitrios Efthymios , Thomakos Nikolaos , Rodolakis Alexandros , Haidopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the awareness and existing knowledge of a portion of the Greek population about prevention, screening, and HPV vaccination.

Methods
A questionnaire designed in Google forms has been distributed through social media between June 2021 and December 2021 in men and women aged > 16 years old. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Inferential analysis was performed to evaluate differences in responses among men and women.

Results
We enrolled 2685 participants. Of those, 2285 were women, 386 were men, while 14 respondents chose not to respond to this question. Various age groups were detected with those aged between 26 and 30 years old being the predominant one. Participants with a higher education constituted 36.5% of the population. Most respondents were married (59.8%). In socioeconomic terms 75.5% of participants were employed whereas, monthly income ranged between 1000 and 1500 euros in the predominant group (36.8%). Only 40% of females and 3.9% of males were vaccinated against HPV. Adolescent immunization, acceptability rates reached 92.7% among female and 82.1% among male responders. Although, only a small proportion of the participants were not aware of the existence of HPV, 24.1% of males and 23.4% of females had the impression that condom use may provide absolute immunity to HPV and only 51.6% of males and 60.4% of females were aware about the high prevalence of HPV in the general population. Logistic regression analysis indicated that male participants as well as those aged > 50 years and those choosing to reject vaccination had decreased knowledge of the basic pathophysiology of HPV infection, as well as knowledge related to the existence and use of HPV DNA as a screening tool and the existence and efficacy of HPV vaccination.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that although awareness of the existence of HPV infection is high in Greek general population, the actual perception of the pathophysiology of transmission and importance of HPV testing and vaccination is low. Targeting specific population groups is essential to help increase HPV coverage and screening.
Catch me if you can—emission patterns of human bodies in relation to postmortem changes
Authors: Schieweck Alexandra , Schulz Nicole , Amendt Jens , Birngruber Christoph , Holz Franziska 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study examines for the first time the emission patterns and olfactory signatures of 9 complete human corpses of different stages of decomposition. Air sampling was performed inside the body bags with solid sorbents and analysed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after thermal desorption (TD-GC-MS). Furthermore, odour-related substances were detected by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Sulfurous compounds (mainly dimethyl di- and trisulfide) were identified as most important to the odour perception. Around 350 individual organic substances were detected by TD-GC-MS, notably sulfurous and nitrogenous substances as well as branched alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters and ethers. A range of terpenes was detected for the first time in a characteristic emission pattern over all decomposition stages. Concentrations of the substances varied greatly, and no correlation between the emission patterns, the stage of decomposition and the cause of death could be found. While previous studies often analysed pig cadavers or only parts of human tissue, the present study shows the importance of analysing complete human corpses over a range of decomposition stages. Moreover, it is shown that using body bags as a kind of “emission test chamber” is a very promising approach, also because it is a realistic application considering the usual transport and store of a body before autopsy.
Graphical abstract
Österreichischer Bergbau und Klimawandel: Umfrage zur Perzeption und Positionierung von im österreichischen Bergbau tätigen Personen
Authors: Forstinger Franziska , Meyer Anna , Tost Michael 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungBereits vor über 30 Jahren waren sich die Vereinten Nationen einig, dass dem anthropogenen Klimawandel dringend entgegengewirkt werden müsse. Der Industriesektor Bergbau kann einen großen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten. Wie dieser derzeit aussieht, wurde im Zuge einer Umfrage unter österreichischen Bergbautreibenden untersucht. Neben betrieblichen Maßnahmen wurden auch Einstellung zum Klimawandel, persönliche Maßnahmen sowie der Wissensstand der im Bergbau tätigen Personen erhoben. Ergebnisse der Befragung zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der Unternehmen gegenüber 70 % der in der Umfrage aufgelisteten betrieblichen Maßnahmen positiv gestimmt ist. Dazu zählen beispielsweise nicht nur die von 94 % implementierte Berechnung des Energieverbrauchs, sondern auch Maßnahmen, die zurzeit kaum vollständig realisiert, jedoch zunehmend geplant sind, wie der von 6 % umgesetzte Energiebezug aus vollständig erneuerbaren Quellen. Außerdem können etwa zwei Drittel der Befragten unternehmerische Vorteile aus dem Klimawandel ziehen.
Was Fahrräder mit der Kreislaufwirtschaft und den SDGs zu tun haben
Authors: Gelbmann Ulrike , Schachner Nathanael , Schöggl Josef Peter 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungMobilität und Kreislaufwirtschaft hängen enger zusammen als nur über das Recycling von Fahrzeugen. Anhand der (Mobilität mit) Fahrrädern untersuchen wir diesen Zusammenhang und setzen ihn in Kontext mit den Sustainable Development Goals. Dafür verwenden wir den Rahmen eines erweiterten Kreislaufwirtschaftsmodells. Als Fallbeispiel für die Erhebung und Analyse dient die Stadt Graz, anhand derer wir in einer umfassenden Sekundäranalyse Ansatzpunkte für Kreislaufwirtschaft mit Fahrrädern erheben. Diese setzen wir in Vergleich zu den drei fahrradfreundlichsten Städten der Welt gemäß Bicycle Cities Index von 2022.Dabei zeigt sich, dass Fahrräder eine wichtige Stellung nicht nur in der Mobilitätspolitik, sondern auch in einer erweiterten Kreislaufwirtschaft einnehmen und auf allen Stufen der Kreislaufwirtschaft gut verankert werden können. Neben Sharingmodellen spielen die Intensivierung und Verbesserung der Nutzung ebenso eine wichtige Rolle wie die Weitergabe bzw. Wiederverwendung gebrauchter Fahrräder und die Reparatur defekter Fahrräder. Ist eine Instandsetzung nicht mehr möglich, so können Fahrräder mit neuen Komponenten versehen werden oder umgekehrt noch gebrauchstaugliche Komponenten von ansonsten kaputten Fahrrädern zu neuen Rädern zusammengebaut werden. Erst dann sind aus Kreislaufwirtschaftssicht Recycling und energetische Nutzung brennbarer Teile sinnvoll. Flankiert werden diese Aktivitäten durch Bereitstellung von Infrastruktur wie Radwegen, Aktivitäten zur Information und Sensibilisierung der Bevölkerung sowie finanzielle Förderung und Unterstützung durch die öffentliche Hand.Die Analyse des Kontexts mit den Sustainable Development Goals erschließt, dass zumindest zehn (Unter‑)Ziele in engem Zusammenhang mit den genannten Aktivitäten stehen. Somit wird eine enge Verflechtung der Kreislaufwirtschaft mit den Sustainable Development Goals untermauert.
Carbapenem or new β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors? An Italian survey supported by SITA, SIMIT and SIAARTI to identify the factors affecting empiric antimicrobial therapy choice in real-life clinical practice
Authors: Colaneri Marta , Genovese Camilla , Lombardi Andrea , Holmes Darcy , Bandera Alessandra , Gori Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile a tailored antibiotic treatment plan is often straightforward, what we often observe in daily clinical practice is a highly variable approach when defining empirical therapy. Specifically, a debate exists on preference to spare the new β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors (BL-BLIs) or to apply a carbapenem-sparing strategy first. To investigate, we designed a web survey aimed at investigating the variables considered relevant to empirically choosing one antibiotic over the other. Submitted to Italian infectious diseases and intensive care physicians through the support of Società Italiana di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali (SIMIT), Società Italiana di Terapia Antinfettiva (SITA) and Società Italiana Anestesia, Analgesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI). We found that demographic characteristics were irrelevant when deciding for empirical therapy. Clinical and anamnestic data were most meaningful. Significantly considered were underlying comorbidities and previous exposure to antimicrobial treatments. History of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant and/or metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales rectal colonisation and/or infection were considered the most relevant by most physicians. Unexpectedly, clinicians considered less the source of infection. These results prompt the need of straightforward methods to retrieve medical histories and the magnitude of rectal colonisation data, often not routinely obtained.
A new proximal heavy ball inexact line-search algorithm
Authors: Bonettini S. , Prato M. , Rebegoldi S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study a novel inertial proximal-gradient method for composite optimization. The proposed method alternates between a variable metric proximal-gradient iteration with momentum and an Armijo-like linesearch based on the sufficient decrease of a suitable merit function. The linesearch procedure allows for a major flexibility on the choice of the algorithm parameters. We prove the convergence of the iterates sequence towards a stationary point of the problem, in a Kurdyka–Łojasiewicz framework. Numerical experiments on a variety of convex and nonconvex problems highlight the superiority of our proposal with respect to several standard methods, especially when the inertial parameter is selected by mimicking the Conjugate Gradient updating rule.
Hormetic effects of thiamethoxam on Schizaphis graminum: demographics and feeding behavior
Authors: Gul Hina , Haq Ihsan ul , Ullah Farman , Khan Shanza , Yaseen Aqsa , Tariq Kaleem , Güncan Ali , Desneux Nicolas , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn agroecosystems, insects contend with chemical insecticides often encountered at sublethal concentrations. Insects’ exposure to these mild stresses may induce hormetic effects, which has consequences for managing insect pests. In this study, we used an electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to investigate the feeding behavior and an age-stage, two-sex life table approach to estimate the sublethal effects of thiamethoxam on greenbug,Schizaphis graminum. The LC5and LC10of thiamethoxam significantly decreased longevity and fecundity of directly exposed adult aphids (F0). However, the adult longevity, fecundity, and reproductive days (RPd)—indicating the number of days in which the females produce offspring – in the progeny generation (F1) exhibited significant increase when parental aphids (F0) were treated with LC5of the active ingredient. Subsequently, key demographic parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0) significantly increased at LC5treatment. EPG recordings showed that total durations of non-probing (Np), intercellular stylet pathway (C), and salivary secretion into the sieve element (E1) were significantly increased, while mean duration of probing (Pr) and total duration of phloem sap ingestion and concurrent salivation (E2) were decreased in F0adults exposed to LC5and LC10. Interestingly, in the F1generation, total duration of Np was significantly decreased while total duration of E2 was increased in LC5treatment. Taken together, our results showed that an LC5 of thiamethoxam induces intergenerational hormetic effects on the demographic parameters and feeding behavior of F1individuals ofS. graminum. These findings have important implications on chemical control againstS. graminumand highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the ecological consequences of such exposures within pest management strategies across the agricultural landscapes.
Habitat amount and edge effects, not perch proximity, nest exposure, or vegetation diversity affect cowbird parasitism in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Stephenson Matthew D. , Yuza Kyla L. , Schulte Lisa A. , Klaver Robert W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContextPrior research documented relationships between brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) brood parasitism and edge effects, proximity of perches, and nest exposure. Those relationships have not been evaluated in agroecosystems containing extremes of fragmentation and vegetation diversity.ObjectivesWe compared three existing hypotheses on how cowbirds locate host nests with two new hypotheses regarding habitat amount and vegetation diversity to determine how the configuration and location of agricultural conservation practices affect grassland bird nest parasitism rates and predicted rates for eight common conservation practices.MethodsWe assessed cowbird parasitism of grassland bird nests on corn and soybean farms in Iowa, USA, and measured perch proximity, nest exposure, edge effects, habitat amount, and vegetation diversity for each nest. We fit a global generalized linear mixed-effects model and compared importance of model parameters using odds ratios. We predicted parasitism likelihood for every subset model and averaged predictions to explore individual effects.ResultsThe variables that most influenced parasitism rates included main effects for nest initiation day-of-season (OR = 0.71, CI95= 0.60–0.84) and the landscape variables of distance to nearest crop edge (0.63, 0.51–0.76) and proportion of grass land cover within 660 m (0.75, 0.57–1.00). We found little support that perch proximity, nest exposure, or native vegetation diversity affected parasitism. We also assessed parasitism likelihood by conservation practice and found no significant differences.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence to support the edge effect and habitat amount hypotheses, but not the nest exposure, vegetation diversity, or perch proximity hypotheses.
Political Speech on Campus: Shifting the Emphasis from “if” to “how”
Authors: Clemens Mario , Hochmuth Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUniversities in many liberal democracies, such as the US, the UK, or Germany, grapple with a pivotal question: how much room should be given to controversial utterances? On the one side, there are those who advocate for limiting permissible speech on campus to create a safe environment for a diverse student body and counter the mainstreaming of extremist views, particularly by right-wing populists. On the other side, concerns arise about stifling the free exchange of ideas and creating an atmosphere of fear and censorship. The debate is further complicated by participants’ occasional uncertainties about the legal norms relevant in the given context, such as when freedom of speech is an issue and when it is not. This paper addresses the question of whether universities should allow actors with primarily political (as opposed to scholarly) agendas to speak on campus. Focusing on German universities, we begin by discussing some of the potentially relevant legal norms. We then propose shifting emphasis from whether we should make room for public political discussions on campus to how such events must be organized so that they deliver the goods that their advocates emphasize while avoiding the dangers of which critics warn. Drawing on conflict management literature concerned with process design, we make several practical suggestions on how to organize an event that brings political discourse to the university campus without causing harm.
The lncRNA lnc_AABR07044470.1 promotes the mitochondrial-damaged inflammatory response to neuronal injury via miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Hong , Qian Yulin , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Hao , Wang Yu , Yu Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
We investigated the role of lnc_AABR07044470.1 on the occurrence and development of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neuronal injury by targeting the miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis to find a novel clinical drug target and prediction and treatment of AIS.

Methods
The mouse AIS animal model was used in vivo experiments and hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model in vitro was established. Firstly, infarction volume and pathological changes of mouse hippocampal neurons were detected using HE staining. Secondly, rat primary neuron apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay. The numbers of neuron, microglia and astrocytes were detected using immunofluorescence (IF). Furthermore, binding detection was performed by bioinformatics database and double luciferase reporter assay. Lnc_AABR07044470.1 localization was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Lnc_AABR07044470.1, miR-214-3pand PERM1mRNA expression was performed using RT-qPCR. NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and PERM1 protein expression was performed using Western blotting. IL-1β was detected by ELISA assay.

Results
Mouse four-vessel occlusion could easily establish the animal model, and AIS animal model had an obvious time-dependence. HE staining showed that, compared with the sham group, infarction volume and pathological changes of mouse hippocampal neurons were deteriorated in the model group. Furthermore, compared with the sham group, neurons were significantly reduced, while microglia and astrocytes were significantly activated. Moreover, the bioinformatics prediction and detection of double luciferase reporter confirmed the binding site of lnc_AABR07044470.1 to miR-214-3p and miR-214-3p to Perm1. lnc_AABR07044470.1 and PERM1 expression was significantly down-regulated and miR-214-3pexpression was significantly up-regulated in AIS animal model in vivo. At the same time, the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β was significantly up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. The over-expression of lnc_AABR07044470.1 and miR-214-3p inhibitor could inhibit the neuron apoptosis and the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and up-regulate the expression of PERM1 in vitro. Finally, over-expression of lnc_AABR07044470.1 and miR-214-3p inhibitor transfected cell model was significant in relieving the AIS and neuronal injury.

Conclusion
Lnc_AABR07044470.1 promotes inflammatory response to neuronal injury via miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis in AIS.
Post-Trump masculinity in popular romance novels
Authors: Kluger Johanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs an almost exclusively female-dominated medium, the popular romance novel has, throughout its history, allowed women writers to “amplify their political voice” (Teo, 2016, p. 102), especially when they could not actively participate in politics. Commonly, writers fashion storylines that reflect and process concerns from the real world in a fictional context. Using the Regency Romance as an example and based on Jayashree Kamblé’s theory that romance novels have a shared DNA that evolves in response to social and cultural influences, this paper first defines the figure of the romance hero in the pre-Trump era to segue into analysing selected novels published by Tessa Dare in 2011 (A night to surrender) and Sarah MacLean in 2012 (A rogue by any other name). This figure is then compared and contrasted with the incarnations of the hero in these authors’ publications from 2017 (The day of the duchess by MacLean) and 2019 (The wallflower wager by Dare) to map how his phenotype has evolved to reflect a shift in cultural perceptions regarding sex and sexual power dynamics. As I intend to show, in the wake of the 2016 US presidential election and the “#MeToo” movement, the new hero’s phenotype differs specifically in the expression of gendered power and sexuality. He is less forceful than his predecessors and places heavy emphasis on the heroine’s enthusiastic consent and pleasure.