bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cation Structure on the Mesophase Architecture of Self‐Assembled and Polymerized Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Batra Dolly , Seifert Sönke , Firestone Millicent A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe binary phase behavior of a series of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) has been investigated. In particular, the effect of two structural modifications of the imidazolium cation, alkyl chain length, and the introduction of a polymerizable acryloyl group at the alkyl chain terminus, has been studied using small angle X‐ray scattering. Upon increasing water content, the non‐polymerizable IL, 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, adopts mesophase structures of predominately two‐dimensional (2D) hexagonal symmetry, including structures intermediate in character between lamellae and 2D hexagonal micelles. Introduction of a photopolymerizable acryloyl functional group to form 1‐(10‐(acryloyloxy)decyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride produces a rod‐coil IL cation that yields self‐assembled mesophases in which the formation of tetragonal morphologies is favored. Covalent linking of the IL cations by UV‐induced polymerization converts the lyotropic mesophase into three‐dimensional biocontinuous chemical gels. Reducing the alkyl chain length, as in the polymerizable IL cation 1‐(8‐(acryloyloxy)octyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, severely reduces the self‐assembled mesophase order, and triggers the formation of only weakly ordered one‐dimensional lamellar structures.magnified image
Reducing uninformed responses: The effects of product‐class familiarity and measuring brand knowledge on surveys
Authors: Graeff Timothy R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConsumers often give answers to survey questions about which they are uninformed. Although research has documented this phenomenon and examined the conditions under which it occurs, the current research project is the first to examine how survey researchers might reduce uninformed response bias through the use of additional questions added to surveys that measure knowledge of brands for which consumers might be uninformed. In the current study, adding brand knowledge questions pertaining to an unknown (fictitious) brand reduced the likelihood of respondents providing uninformed responses when later asked to evaluate that brand. However, the effects of asking for brand familiarity on uninformed response rates differed by consumers' level of product‐class familiarity and the relative placement of the brand knowledge and brand attitude questions on the survey. Brand knowledge questions can suggest the existence of brands, placing them within a knowledge schema, thus leading to more uninformed responses from consumers low in product‐class familiarity. These results, coupled with recent other research findings suggest that researchers must consider the effects of related knowledge on what have been previously considered completely uninformed responses. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovativeness, exploratory behavior, market mavenship, and opinion leadership: An empirical examination in the Asian context
Authors: Ruvio Ayalla , Shoham Aviv 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe market maven construct, developed by Feick and Price (1987), has been used in empirical studies in the USA, South Africa, Germany, Poland, and Hungary. This study extends previous research by being the first to use the general mavenship concept in an Asian country (Israel). Furthermore, the study examines market mavenship and opinion leadership as outcome concepts arising from exploratory behavior or innovativeness tendencies. Additionally, the impact of a three‐dimensional exploratory behavior concept is compared to the impact of a unidimensional innovativeness concept on opinion leadership and market mavenship. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the two nomological models based on a sample of 142 adult Israeli consumers. Although both exploratory behavior and innovativeness affect market mavenship and opinion leadership, the impact of the former is stronger. Additionally, the impact of the “new brand trial” facet of exploratory behavior on market maven was comparable to that of innovativeness, whereas its impact on opinion leadership was weaker than the impact of innovativeness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Guilt appeals: Persuasion knowledge and charitable giving
Authors: Hibbert Sally , Smith Andrew , Davies Andrea , Ireland Fiona 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper applies the persuasion knowledge model to explain consumers' responses to charity guilt appeals. With data obtained through a stimuli‐driven survey, the research examines the relationships between knowledge of persuasion tactics and charities, and the level of felt guilt experienced in response to an advertisement and subsequent donation intentions. The findings show that guilt arousal is positively related to donation intention, and that persuasion and agent knowledge impact the extent of guilt aroused. The research confirms that consumers are active rather than passive processors of marketing communications by revealing the role of persuasion and agent knowledge as methods of coping with and informing responses to guilt appeals. Specifically, the research finds that manipulative intent and the respondents' skepticism toward advertising tactics in general are negatively related to guilt arousal but that their affective evaluation and beliefs about a charity are positively related to feelings of guilt. However, it also shows that there is a positive direct relationship between perceived manipulative intent and the intention to donate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transport of Guest Molecules by Unimolecular Micelles Evidenced in Analytical Ultracentrifugation Experiments
Authors: Rasa Mircea , Meier Michael A. R. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ability of star‐shaped, block copolymer‐based unimolecular micelles to encapsulate and transport guest molecules was studied. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies clearly showed that methyl‐orange guest molecules could be encapsulated and transported, together with unimolecular micelles consisting of 5‐arm, star‐shaped block copolymers with a poly(ethylene glycol) core and a poly(ε‐caprolactone) corona. Sedimentation‐velocity and equilibrium measurements were performed to determine the sedimentation coefficients, molar masses, and diffusion coefficients of the loaded, unimolecular micelles. It was observed that the transport of guest molecules by unimolecular micelles was a function of the molecular weight of the star‐shaped block copolymers and therefore also of their size.magnified image
Universal Methodology for Block Copolymer Synthesis
Authors: Bellas Vasilios , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemoselective stepwise coupling between living polymers and a heterobifunctional linking agent is shown to be a versatile, facile, and efficient methodology for block copolymer synthesis. This protocol is based on the quantitative formation of the end‐functionalized precursor in the first coupling step. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we investigate the behavior of specific macroanions, prepared through living anionic polymerization (LAP). Nevertheless, the applicability range is becoming exceptionally wide upon transformation reactions, e.g., by tailoring the chain‐termini nucleophilicity via endcapping. This novel protocol will considerably expand the limits of LAP, rendering viable the construction of advanced and tailor‐made materials via an effortless pathway.magnified image
Development of Nanodomain and Fractal Morphologies in Solvent Annealed Block Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Peng Juan , Han Yanchun , Knoll Wolfgang , Kim Dong Ha 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have systematically studied the thin film morphologies of asymmetric polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) diblock copolymer subjected to solvent vapors of varying selectivity for the constituent blocks. Upon a short treatment in neutral or PS‐selective vapor, the film exhibited a highly ordered array of hexagonally packed, cylindrical microdomains. In the case of PEO selective vapor annealing, such ordered cylindrical microdomains were not obtained. Instead, fractal patterns on the microscale were observed and their growth processes investigated. Furthermore, hierarchical structures could be obtained if the fractal pattern was exposed to neutral or PS selective vapor.magnified image
Increasing the wear resistance of stainless steels
Authors: Berns H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe wear resistance of martensitic, austenitic and duplex stainless steels is increased by carbon and nitrogen in solid solution and in addition by carbides and nitrides, which are formed during conventional ingot metallurgy or by powder metallurgical processing. High temperature and low temperature nitriding provide a hard surface zone. Characteristic alloys and applications are discussed, which try to optimize the resistance to wear and corrosion.
Strangpressen von verschleißbeständigen Fe‐Basis MMC
Authors: Karlsohn M. , Theisen W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSteigende Anforderungen an technische Oberflächen, die sowohl thermisch, korrosiv, verschleißend oder durch eine Kombination dieser Beanspruchungsarten geprägt sein können, schieben die Entwicklung von maßgeschneiderten Werkstoffen oder Beschichtungen an. Wird die Beanspruchung der Oberfläche durch abrasiven Verschleiß dominiert, so bietet die Pulvermetallurgie optimale Möglichkeiten einer beanspruchungsgerechten Werkstoffauslegung. Neben der Wahl der Metallmatrix (MM, meist Fe‐, Ni‐ oder Co‐Basis) ist eine abgestimmte Hartstoffzugabe (HS), z. B. durch Karbide, Nitride, Boride oder Oxide möglich, die zusätzlich durch eine in weiten Bereichen mögliche Variation von Art, Form, Partikelgröße und Volumenanteil des Hartstoffs gekennzeichnet ist. Das bislang dominierende Herstellungsverfahren für solche Bauteile ist das Heiß‐Isostatische‐Pressen (HIP), welches zu dichten Gefügen führt, aber aufgrund der aufwändigen, weil konturnahen Kapseltechnik, hohe Herstellungskosten verursacht. Deshalb wurde im Rahmen eines DFG‐Projektes das direkte Warmstrangpressen von zylindrischen Pulverkapseln mit MMC auf Fe‐Basis zur Herstellung von verschleißbeständigen Langprodukten untersucht. Zur Steigerung des Verschleißwiderstandes wurden den härtbaren Stahlmatrices Wolframschmelz‐ oder Titankarbid in unterschiedlichen Volumengehalten zugesetzt. Die stranggepressten Werkstoffe wurden bezüglich ihrer Verdichtung und Gefügeausbildung, ihre Biegebruchfestigkeiten und ihres Verschleißwiderstandes untersucht.
Detonationsflammspritzen hartstoffhaltiger Funktionsschichten
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Nebel J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Oberflächeneigenschaften mittels thermischer Spritzverfahren sind seit langer Zeit bekannt. Je nach Zielsetzung lassen sich durch die Beschichtung unterschiedliche Eigenschaften, wie elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Isolation, hohe Verschleißbeständigkeit oder Korrosionsschutz erreichen. Die nachfolgend beschriebenen Versuche zeigen, dass thermische Spritzverfahren ebenfalls eine Verfahrensalternative zu aufwändigen und stark einschränkenden Sinter‐ und Lötprozessen bei der Herstellung von Schleifwerkzeugen für die Gesteinsbearbeitung darstellen können. So ist basierend auf dem Verfahren des Detonationsflammenspritzens eine Fabrikationsmethode dargestellt, große superabrasive Partikel in eine metallische Matrix einzubinden, um damit die Vorraussetzung zu schaffen, Schleifwerkzeuge kostengünstig, mit hoher Geometrievariabilität und Flexibilität herzustellen. Zur Verifikation der Prozesseignung wurden im Rahmen dieser Forschungsarbeit die Schichtmorphologie, Hartpartikelverteilung und die Bindungsqualität in Bezug auf das Anforderungsprofil bewertet. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss der Prozesstemperatur und der Substrattemperatur auf die Eigenschaften des MMC‐Verbundes untersucht.
Laserstrahlschweißen von Mikrodrähten aus Nickel‐Titan‐Formgedächtnislegierungen und austenitischem Stahl
Authors: Gugel H. , Theisen W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie besonderen Eigenschaften von Nickel‐Titan Formgedächtnislegierungen finden derzeit Anwendung in der Mikrosystem‐ und in der Medizintechnik. Um Nickel‐Titan Komponenten in bestehende Baugruppen zu integrieren, müssen sie oft mit anderen Materialien verbunden werden. In diesem Beitrag geht es daher um das Laserstrahlschweißen dünner pseudoelastischer Nickel‐Titan‐Drähte (Ø 100μm) unter Verwendung eines Neodym‐dotierten Yttrium Aluminium Granat Lasers. Auf der Basis umfangreicher Parameterstudien gelang es fehlerfreie Verbindungen herzustellen, die hier im Nachgang mit Blick auf die Gefüge in der Schmelz‐ und Wärmeeinflusszone, das Verhalten im statischen Zugversuch und mit Blick auf die strukturelle Ermüdung untersucht wurden. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass artgleiche Nickel‐Titan‐Verbindungen etwa 75 % der Bruchfestigkeit reiner Nickel‐Titan Drähte erreichen. Bei der Verschweißung von Nickel‐Titan mit Stahl wurde keine Zwischenschicht verwendet. Diese artungleichen Nickel‐Titan/Stahl‐Verbindungen zeigen Festigkeiten in der Schmelz‐ und Wärmeeinflusszone, die oberhalb der Plateauspannung liegen, so dass die pseudoelastischen Eigenschaften auch im Verbund mit Stahl genutzt werden können.
Deep brain stimulation in Tourette's syndrome
Authors: Bajwa Rizma Jalees , de Lotbinière Alain J. , King Robert A. , Jabbari Bahman , Quatrano Susan , Kunze Kimberly , Scahill Lawrence , Leckman James F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA 48‐year‐old man with severe, lifelong Tourette's syndrome (TS) characterized by forceful self‐injurious motor tics and obsessive‐compulsive disorder was treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS). The decision to treat was based on his progressive neurological impairment (left sided weakness secondary to spinal cord injury) because of his relentless, violent head jerks. Electrodes were implanted at the level of the medial part of the thalamus (centromedian nucleus, the substantia periventricularis, and the nucleus ventro‐oralis internus). DBS resulted in a substantial reduction of tics. These data show that bilateral DBS of the thalamus can have a good effect on severe tics in adult patients suffering from intractable TS. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease: Risk factors and differences from dopamine dysregulation. An analysis of published case series
Authors: Gallagher David A. , O'Sullivan Sean S. , Evans Andrew H. , Lees Andrew J. , Schrag Anette 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPathological gambling (PG) has been reported as a complication of the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined all published cases of PG for prevalence and risk factors of this complication, the relationship of PG and use of dopamine agonists (DA), and the relationship of PG to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS). The prevalence of PG in prospective studies of PD patients using DA has been reported between 2.3 and 8%, compared to approximately 1% in the general population. As in the general population, PD patients with this complication are often young, male and have psychiatric co‐morbidity. The vast majority are on DA, often at maximum dose or above. Differences between oral DA failed to reach significance. PG associated with levodopa monotherapy is uncommon, but in the majority of cases levodopa is co‐prescribed, suggesting possible cross‐sensitization of brain systems mediating reward. PG can occur with DDS but often occurs in isolation. In contrast to DDS, escalation and self regulation of anti‐parkinsonian medication are not usually seen. PG in patients with PD using DA is higher than PG reported in the general population, but shares similar characteristics and risk factors. PG is predominantly associated with oral DA. It often occurs in isolation and may not be associated with DDS, which typically occurs on treatment with levodopa or subcutaneous apomorphine. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Diffusion weighted imaging best discriminates PD from MSA‐P: A comparison with tilt table testing and heart MIBG scintigraphy
Authors: Köllensperger Martin , Seppi Klaus , Liener Claudia , Boesch Sylvia , Heute Dirk , Mair Katherina J. , Mueller Joerg , Sawires Martin , Scherfler Christoph , Schocke Michael F. , DonnemilIer Eveline , Virgolini Irene , Wenning Gregor K. , Poewe Werner 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBoth diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the basal ganglia and meta‐iodobenzylguanidin (MIBG) scintigraphy of the heart have been reported useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) vs. the parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P). Their diagnostic value, however, has never been directly compared in patients with parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction. We have studied 9 patients with PD and 9 patients with MSA‐P matched for age and disease severity. Regional trace of the diffusion tensor values were determined in the putamina. Cardiac MIBG uptake was quantified by comparing regions of interest over heart and mediastinum Heart/Mediastinum (H/M) ratio. Furthermore, all patients underwent tilt testing. PD patients showed significantly lower H/M ratios than normal controls; however, there was considerable overlap between the two patient groups. We did not detect any significant differences of blood pressure response to passive tilt between the two patient groups. Sensitivity of MIBG scintigraphy versus DWI for the differentiation of MSA‐P from PD was 55.6% vs. 100%, specificity 88.8% vs. 100%, and area under the curve 0.802 vs. 1.000. Our data suggest that DWI is superior to both tilt table testing and MIBG scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of PD versus MSA‐P. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Tardive dyskinesia in children treated with atypical antipsychotic medications
Authors: Wonodi Ikwunga , Reeves Gloria , Carmichael Dana , Verovsky Ilene , Avila Matthew T. , Elliott Amie , Hong L. Elliot , Adami Helene M. , Thaker Gunvant K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent years have witnessed increased antipsychotic treatment of children despite limited long‐term safety data in children. In this study, motor side effects associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs in children were examined in a sample of pediatric psychiatric patients. Child and adolescent psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotics (most were on atypicals) for 6 months or longer (n = 118) were compared with antipsychotic‐naïve patients (n = 80) with similar age, sex ratio, and diagnoses. Only 19% of patients on antipsychotics had ever experienced psychotic symptoms. Eleven children (9%) on antipsychotics exhibited dyskinesia, when compared with 0 in the naïve group (P = 0.003, Fisher's exact test). Nine of 62 African–American children (15%) on antipsychotics exhibited dyskinesia, when compared with only 4% (2 of 52) of European–American children (P = 0.003, Fisher's exact test). Children treated with antipsychotic drugs might experience a significant risk of dyskinesia even when treated only with atypical antipsychotics. Ethnicity might also be a risk factor for dyskinesia in children. Side‐effect profile of the atypical antipsychotic drugs in children may be much different than that in adults. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Rhythmic movements in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Manni Raffaele , Terzaghi Michele 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReported are two cases of video‐PSG captured head‐rolling occurring, in the context of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) episodes, in two patients affected with idiopathic RBD and without past personal or familiar history of Rhythmic Movement Disorder during sleep. It has been speculated that the activation of neuronal pathways which underlie REM‐related loss of motor control in RBD, may involve the Central Pattern Generator neuronal networks leading to the induction of Rhythmic Movements during RBD episodes, thereby allowing the re‐emergence, in pathological conditions in later life, of a motor behavior typically seen in the early stage of life. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gómez‐Esteban Juan C. , Zarranz Juan J. , Tijero Beatriz , Velasco Fernando , Barcena Joseba , Rouco Idoia , Lezcano Elena , Lachen María C. , Jauregui Amaia , Ugarte Amaia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study explores the frequency of RLS in PD and focuses on the clinical differences between patients with and without restless legs syndrome (RLS). A cross‐sectional study was designed, comprising 114 patients diagnosed with PD. Those patients positive for RLS were assessed for intensity of the syndrome (IRLS). We compared the clinical characteristics of the patients with and without RLS, using specific scales: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS I‐IV), quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, PDQ 39), sleep symptoms (Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, PDSS), and diurnal hypersomnia (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Twenty‐five patients (21.9%) out of a total of 114 subjects diagnosed with PD met the RLS diagnostic criteria. RLS was more frequent in women (68%). The patients with RLS showed poorer scores on the PDSS (PD‐RLS+: 102.4 ± 15.1 vs PD‐RLS‐: 113.2 ± 16.4) (P = 0.005) and in the bodily discomfort dimension of the PDQ‐39 (PD‐RLS+ 6.1 ± 3.4 vs PD‐RLS‐ 3.8 ± 2.6) (P = 0.002). Analysis of the subscales of the PDSS showed significant differences (P < 0.001) between both groups of patients in items 4 and 10, and to a lesser degree in items 5 (P = 0.01) and 11 (P = 0.02) There was no increased incidence of diurnal hypersomnia in the group of patients with RLS. There were no differences in the rest of the variables. RLS is frequent in patients with PD, though this condition doesn't apparently affect quality of life or lead to an increased presence of diurnal hypersomnia. It would be advisable to validate the diagnostic criteria of RLS in this specific group of patients. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
High levels of equol in organic skimmed Finnish cow milk
Authors: Hoikkala Antti , Mustonen Eeva , Saastamoinen Ilkka , Jokela Tuija , Taponen Juhani , Saloniemi Hannu , Wähälä Kristiina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe isoflavonoids, equol, formononetin, daidzein, genistein, biochanin A, and O‐demethylangolensin (O‐DMA), were analyzed from commercial cartons of skimmed Finnish milk by HPLC‐diode array detector (DAD)‐FL. We found 411 ± 65 ng/mL of equol and traces of formononetin and daidzein in organic skimmed milk whereas conventionally produced milk contained 62 ± 16 ng/mL of equol and no formononetin or daidzein.
Dispersion properties of circular dielectric waveguides loaded with periodic metal disks
Authors: Lai Chin‐Jui , Hsu Chung‐I. G. , Lee Ching‐Her , Kiang Jean‐Fu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe dispersion properties of a circular dielectric waveguides loaded at the center with periodic center‐protruded metal disks were investigated using a mode‐matching technique in conjunction with the Floquet theorem. The metal disks with rectangular and crisscrossed cross‐sectional shapes in the longitudinal direction were considered. The effects of the cylinder radius, disk size, and disk spacing on the dispersion curves plotted in the form of the Brillouin diagram were studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2057–2061, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22645