bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF LH-RH ON THE CONCENTRATION OF 3′,5′-CYCLIC AMP AND RNA SYNTHESIS IN RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY
Authors: Yoshida Takeshi , Hattori Yutaka , Hoshiai Hiroshi , Hirano Mutsuo , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Suzuki Masakuni 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an experiment performed to investigate the effect of LH-RH on the anterior pituitary of rats, we studied the changes in the concentration of 3′,5′-cyclic AMP in the anterior pituitary and the uridine uptake by the anterior pituitary following the intravenous injection of 100 ng LH-RH. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The tissue level of 3′,5′-cyclic AMP in the anterior pituitary reached the highest peak 15 min after the injection of LH-RH. 2) The uridine uptake of the anterior pituitary began to increase 15 min after the LH-RH injection and attained a maximum level (5 to 6 times the normal level) in 30 min. 3) The fact that the uridine uptake was inhibited to a considerable extent by the addition of actinomycin D to the incubation medium suggested that uridine was incorporated into the RNA fraction.
PARTIAL FAILURE OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND THYROID PRESENTING AS MYXOEDEMA
Authors: Toft A. D. , Irvine W. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay of plasma thyrotrophin (TSH) and the isolation and synthesis of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) allows a precise evaluation of the disordered brain-thyroid axis. The present report describes a patient who presented with myxoedema due to partial failure of both the anterior pituitary and the thyroid gland. The degree of impaired function of either gland alone would not have caused her clinical presentation.
OPHTHALMOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Brownlie B. E. W. , Newton O. A. G. , Singh S. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ten patients with primary hypothyroidism and ophthalmopathy are reported. None of the patients had previously received any form of therapy for thyrotoxicosis. In some patients hypothyroidism and exophthalmos presented simultaneously, but in others one clinical feature preceded the other by many years. Elevated titres of thyroid antibodies were found in 7 of the 10 patients and LATS was detected in 1 of the 10 patients. Increased 35S-sulphate uptake by the mouse Harderian gland technique occurred with serum from I of the 7 patients tested.
STUDIES IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: Søvik Oddmund , Oseid Svein 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Suppressible and non-suppressible insulin-like activities (ILA) of plasma from 3 patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy have been studied, employing isolated fat cells from rat epididymal adipose tissue. In all 3 patients the fasting ILA was markedly increased compared with the normal controls. In one of the patients (I. T.) total ILA rose to about 800 μU per ml during an iv glucose tolerance test. The observed total ILA was in all cases (controls included) equal to or slightly higher than the previously determined immunoreactive plasma insulin (IRI). The exact determination of ILA was, however, hampered by a dilution effect, which was present even at high plasma dilutions. In 2 of the patients addition of insulin antiserum inhibited plasma ILA by about 50 %. In the third patient (I. T.), who exhibited the highest insulin level, at least 85 % of the activity was suppressed by insulin antibodies. The levels of non-suppressible ILA were higher than in the controls in terms of μU per ml, but lower than in the controls when related to total ILA. These findings strongly support our previous conclusion that the elevated plasma insulin seen in congenital generalized lipodystrophy is mainly due to true pancreatic insulin. Since the effect of plasma insulin on isolated fat cells were freely expressed, i. e. suppressible ILA was equal to or slightly lower than IRI, the presence of a circulating insulin antagonist in this disease may be excluded.
SUBUNITS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN: IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Donini S. , D'Alessio I. , Donini P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The α and β subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) were prepared by incubation in 8 m urea, pH 4.5. The separation of the two subunits was obtained by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography and purification was carried out by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The β subunit obtained was biologically active and was therefore further purified by affinity chromatography using as immuno-adsorbent the α antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B. The β subunit so purified showed a biological activity less than 1 IU/mg.
The immunological and biological properties of the hCG subunits have been studied. It was found that the anti hCG β serum can discriminate between hCG and hLH and that in the 125I-hCG + anti-β serum radioimmunoassay, the cross-reactivity of pituitary hLH was lower than that of urinary hLH. Moreover, it was observed that the less purified was the urinary LH preparation, the higher was the cross-reactivity. Therefore we considered the hypothesis that during the purification of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) some LH subunits or smaller immunoreactive fragments could have been discarded with the waste fractions. In order to test the validity of this hypophysis, all the protein fractions obtained during the purification of the hMG were gel-filtered on Sephadex G-100. The immunoreactivity of the effluents from the gel filtration was tested by hCG, hCG-β, hCG-α and hLH radioimmunoassays. While the α reactive material was found in some fractions as a peak having the same Ve/Vo value as hCG-α, the β reactive material present in the crude hMG fractions was not observed in other fractions. The cross-reactivity with the anti β serum was very low and was found in the LH region of the gel chromatogram. Furthermore, the neutralization of the biological activity of hCG and of urinary and pituitary LH by the anti hCG β serum was studied by incubating a fixed amount of the three hormones with increasing volumes of antiserum and measuring the LH activity after incubation by the OAAD test. It was observed that the anti hCG β serum inhibits hCG more than urinary or pituitary LH.
EFFECT OF PENTOBARBITAL ANAESTHESIA ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS IN INTACT AND OVARIECTOMIZED EWES
Authors: Ellicott Allen R. , Benoit Henry J. , Borth Rudi , Strickler Ronald C. , Woolever C. Allan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In six intact ewes, deep anaesthesia lasting 1—2 h was induced with pentobarbital given intravenously at the onset of oestrus. In a second group of six ovariectomized ewes, light pentobarbital anaesthesia was induced following a control period of 4 h and then maintained for 2, 3, or 4 h. No drug was given to control animals (seven in the first group, three in the second). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined by radioimmunoassay hourly in the first group, and at intervals of 5 or 10 min in the second.
In the oestrous ewes, pentobarbital did not prevent or modify the expected LH surge. In the ovariectomized ewes, the drug, while not affecting the pulsatile release pattern of LH, reduced average LH levels to about half their control values (P < 0.001) when given in a dosage maintaining 3 or 4 h of light sleep; the 2-h dosage had no such effect.
These differential effects of pentobarbital indicate that LH secretion in ewes is regulated by more than one mechanism. In particular, our findings are consistent with a hypothesis that there are, in ovariectomized ewes, independent central regulatory mechanisms for the amount of LH released, and for the time pattern of its release.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SODIUM BALANCE ON THE EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN II ON ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION
Authors: Aguilera Greti , White Allan , Marusic Elisa T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The action of angiotensin II on the adrenal cortex can be modified by body sodium balance. The secretion rate of aldosterone was compared with the late biosynthetic pathway in dogs kept under different sodium states. The conversion of corticosterone (B) to aldosterone was significantly increased by the infusion of angiotensin II into sodium depleted dogs. ACTH infusion failed to increase the late aldosterone pathway in sodium depleted animals, even though the secretion rate increased by 10 times.
These results confirm previously indirect evidence that angiotensin II has a direct stimulatory effect on the late step of aldosterone biosynthesis. This stimulation does not appear to be the result of enzyme-substrate activation by aldosterone precursors.
The results favour the hypothesis that sodium balance can modulate the action of angiotensin II not only on the first steps, but that there is also a regulatory effect on the conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone.
AGE RELATED CHANGES IN FREE PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND OESTRADIOL
Authors: Pirke Karl M. , Doerr Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The age related changes on free plasma testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (Oe2) were determined in 82 healthy adult males. Forty-six subjects were between 22 and 61 years of age (group I), 36 between 67 and 93 years (group II).
The percentage of free, non protein bound hormone was determined by equilibrium dialysis of undiluted plasma against isotonic phosphate buffer at 37°C. Total hormone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay.
The percentage of free T was 2.24 % (median), 1.65–3.42 (95 percentiles) in group I and 1.65 % (1.24–2.26) in group II. The percentage of free DHT decreased from 1.17 % (0.80–2.03) in group I to 0.83% (0.52–1.55) in group II. The decrease in % free Oe2 was only very small: group I = 2.49% (2.13–2.96), ad group II = 2.31% (1.95–3.17).
The fall in free T by 43.3% from 12.2 ng/100 ml (6.74–25.0) in group I to 6.90 ng/ml (3.57–10.6) in group II was twice as high as that of total T, which decreased on an average by 20.6%. Free DHT decreased by 25.8 %: group I = 578 pg/100 ml (266–987), group II = 429 pg/100 ml (168–723), while total DHT was not significantly different between the two groups (–1.9%). Free Oe2 was increased in old age: group I = 42.4 pg/100 ml (26.0–69.4), group II = 55.7 pg/100 ml (35.8–118.9). The increase in free Oe2 by 31.4% was almost as high as that of the total Oe2 (46.9%).
LACK OF EFFECT OF HYPERGLYCAEMIA ON APOMORPHINE INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE IN NORMAL MAN
Authors: Nilsson Karl Olof 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Six healthy adult males were studied to evaluate the effect of apomorphine on growth hormone (GH) secretion under normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions.
Both under normoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia all subjects responded to the subcutaneous injection of 0.75 mg apomorphine hydrochloride with a marked increase in plasma GH concentration reaching a maximum after 30–60 min.
In control studies no significant changes in plasma GH were observed following the injection of physiological saline.
As apomorphine is considered a selective dopamine receptor stimulating agent, the results support the view that GH release in man can be modulated through a dopaminergic mechanism. The finding that the plasma GH rise after the administration of apomorphine is not suppressible by glucose indicates that apomorphine activates dopaminergic receptors localized distally in the hypothalamus or in the anterior pituitary. Amorphine in low dosage may be used clinically to test the capacity of the pituitary to release GH in man, at least in special cases.
OESTROGEN-INDUCIBLE UTERINE PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS. CHARACTERISTICS IN THE OVARIECTOMIZED IMMATURE AND ADULT HAMSTER
Authors: Reel J. R. , Shih Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to characterize the uterine progesterone-binding proteins of oestrogen-primed and unprimed, ovariectomized immature and adult golden hamsters, cytosols were incubated with [3H] progesterone and/or other steroids and analyzed by sucrose-glycerol density gradient ultracentrifugation. Progesterone-binding components with sedimentation coefficients of 7S and 4.5S were found in the uterine cytosols, but not in the cytosols from the hypothalamus, pituitary, diaphragm, or small intestine. Oestradiol-17β markedly elevated the level of 7S uterine receptor and this increase appeared to be due to new receptor synthesis, since actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked this response. Fifty to 100 μg of oestradiol-17β per kg body weight was found to promote a maximum increase in the 7S macromolecular component. The 7S receptor showed a tendency to saturate at 1 × 10−7 m [1,2-3H] progesterone, indicating limited capacity. At a molar ratio of 100:1, unlabelled progesterone competed effectively for 7S and 4.5S [3H]progesterone binding, whereas 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, oestradiol-17β and testosterone did not. Moreover, [1,2-3H] cortisol and [1,2-3H] corticosterone did not bind to the 7S receptor, implying steroid specificity. CI-628, a non-steroid oestrogen antagonist, completely prevented [6,7-3H] oestradiol-17β binding to its 8.5S uterine cytosol receptor, but was entirely without effect on 7S and 4.5S [3H] progesterone binding. Pronase, but not DNase or RNase, abolished 7S and 4.5S progesterone binding, suggesting that the binders are at least in part protein. Protamine sulphate and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate also obliterated 7S binding, implying that this receptor may be an acidic protein which contains sulfhydryl groups that are necessary for progesterone binding.
NON-IDENTICAL REACTION OF UNDISSOCIATED HCG AND HCG-β SUBUNIT WITH ANTI-HCGβ SERUM
Authors: Arends J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Based on gel-filtration experiments, estimates of the content are given of undissociated human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and HCG-β subunit in HCG preparations.
Radioimmunoassay of three HCG preparation using an antiserum against HCG-β subunit showed that the slope of displacement curves was dependent on the ratio of HCG-β subunit to undissociated HCG, the slope being steeper (negative) with increasing ratio.
The implication of this observation on the choice of a suitable standard for HCG-β radioimmunoassay is discussed.
INHIBITION OF PROLACTIN SECRETION BY ERGOT ALKALOIDS
Authors: Nasr H. , Pearson O. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of various ergot alkaloids on prolactin (Pr) secretion in adult female rats was determined by radioimmunoassay. Ergocornine (ECO) and ergocristine (ECR) in doses of 0.25 to 1.0 mg lowered serum Pr markedly by 1 h with the effect persisting for 24 h at the larger doses. Several other ergots had similar effects while the dihydro derivatives had diverse responses. The pro-oestrous surge of Pr could be blocked by ECR or ECO without interfering with the oestrous cycle. ECO or ECR could suppress the rise in serum Pr induced by oestradiol benzoate (OeB) (5–50 μg) in oophorectomized rats. Perphenazine (PE) stimulation of Pr could be partially antagonized by ECO depending on dose and timing of injections. ECO 2 mg produced an abrupt cessation of lactation with concomitant fall in serum Pr, and ovine prolactin restored this function. Evaluation of pituitary Pr concentration in lactating and intact rats receiving ECO leads to the conclusion that release of Pr from the pituitary is affected. ECO 1 or 2 mg produced a regression of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumours which could not be reversed by OeB 5 μg, with persisting low serum Pr. PE 1 mg was able to raise serum Pr and stimulated tumour growth. Several of the ergot alkaloids have a profound inhibiting effect on Pr secretion and may be used for studies on Pr action, as well as in medical therapeutics.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF [8-ARGININE]-VASOPRESSIN
Authors: Merkelbach U. , Czernichow P. , Gaillard R. C. , Vallotton M. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for [8-arginine]-vasopressin (AVP), previously described (Czernichow et al. 1975) has been used for the determination of antidiuretic hormone in a 4 ml urine sample. AVP is extracted from acidified urine with a cation exchanger (Amberlite CG 50) with an overall recovery of 72 %. The blank value measured in extracted samples of urine was 0.29 pg/ml ± 0.21 (sem) and calculated by extrapolation of the regression line of the recovery experiment was 0.49 pg/ml. The coefficient of variation within-assay was 13 % and between-assay 18%. Addition of the amounts of AVP found in each specimen of urine voided gave results nearly identical to those of the amounts found in 24 h pool of urine, indicating that the assay was not affected by changes in concentration of the other urinary components during the day. The daily urinary excretion of AVP measured in 34 subjects was found to be 34 ng in 17 women and 70 ng in 17 men, a significant difference. Urinary concentration and excretion rate of AVP rose during thirst test and during Carter-Robbins test performed in 13 healthy subjects. In the latter test it was observed that the women displayed a strikingly more pronounced AVP elevation after the osmolar stimulus than the men. In both sexes a significant correlation was found between AVP excretion rate and plasma osmolality as well as free water clearance. Three cases of complete or incomplete diabetes insipidus and potomania could be clearly differentiated according to the total output of AVP during the thirst test. Extremely high values of AVP were found in the urine of 5 subjects with Schwartz-Bartter syndrome associated with bronchogenic tumours.
EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL-17β BENZOATE TREATMENT ON FRACTURE HEALING AND BONE COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Langeland Norvald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of oestradiol-17β benzoate, 70 μg administered intramuscularly twice a week for up to four weeks, on collagen synthesis in fractured bones, was studied in young adult castrated female rats. The specific activity of [14C] hydroxyproline in the fracture region of the treated rats was constantly below that of the normal and the castrated control animals throughout the experimental periods. The percentage of incorporated 14C found as [14C] hydroxyproline was also reduced in the fracture regions of the oestrogen treated rats compared to the percentage observed in normal rats. During the first two weeks after fracture and the start of treatment, there was no differences in tensile strength of the fractures and no significant difference in collagen content of the fractured tibia of the 3 experimental groups. The weights of the unfractured tibiae in oestrogen treated rats were lower than those of the control animals. The findings suggest a "slow down" of collagen metabolism after administration of high doses of oestradiol.
PROGESTERONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN THE FOLLICULAR FLUID OF TERTIARY FOLLICLES AND GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES OF HUMAN OVARIES
Authors: Kemeter P. , Salzer H. , Breitenecker G. , Friedrich F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioimmunoassays of testosterone (T), oestradiol-17β (Oe2) and progesterone (P) in the fluid of a total of 47 follicles of different degrees of maturity gave the following mean values: T: 49 ng/ml, Oe2: 932 ng/ml, P: 999 ng/ml. In normal, atretic and cystic tertiary follicles not larger than 1 cm and without luteinized theca interna the following mean values were calculated: T: 54 ng/ml, Oe2: 502 ng/ml, P: 368 ng/ml. In six women mature and less mature follicles were compared, the former having significantly higher Oe2 and higher P values but significantly lower T values than the latter. Genuine Graafian follicles were observed four times, once after HMG stimulation; the values observed lay within the following ranges: T: 12–35 ng/ml, Oe2: 1900–4100 ng/ml, P: 156–6000 ng/ml. The difference in concentration compared with cubital-vein blood before ovulation was highest for Oe2, suggesting a particularly marked aromatinzing activity of the follicles of that phase of the cycle. The findings suggest that in the course of accelerated follicular ripening prior to ovulation both the aromatizing enzyme and 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase are activated, resulting in a sharper rise in Oe2 and P. The profuse production of P causes a transistory lack of precursors for androgen and oestrogen production (T and Oe2 declines). In the course of an overall increase i steroid production during the luteal phase – which probably goes hand in hand with an increased supply of pregnenolone – there is not only a pronounced rise in progesterone but also a moderate increase in oestrogen production. The androgens are transformed more rapidly into oestrogens on account of the marked activity of the aromatizing enzyme in the corpus luteum and thus show a decline in the luteal phase.
CIRCANNUAL AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN FIVE HEALTHY YOUNG PARISIAN MALES
Authors: Reinberg Alain , Lagoguey Michel , Chauffournier Jean-Marc , Cesselin François 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Every other month, during the course of 14 months, the circadian rhythm in plasma testosterone (among others variables) of 5 healthy males (26 to 32 years) was documented.
Subjects' synchronization: light-on at 7 ± 1 h; light-off at 23 ± 1.5 h during the whole year. Blood sampling 4-hourly, at fixed times during 28 h, for radioimmunological testosterone determinations. The cosinor method was used for statistical analyses.
An annual rhythm in the testosterone 24-h mean is detected (P < 0.025) with a peak in October (from 16 July to 26 December, with 95% confidence limits). Annual mean (± 1 se) = 759 (± 26) ng/100 ml. Peaktrough difference = 197 ng/100 ml (from 106 to 290 with 95% confidence limits).
The timing of the testosterone circadian peak, in the 24-h-scales also varies during the course of the year. The peak is found around 8 h in May and around 14 h in November, this phase-shift being statistically significant (P < 0.05).
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN C57BL/6J MALE MICE: EFFECTS OF AGE AND DISEASE
Authors: Nelson James F. , Latham Keith R. , Finch Caleb E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone (T) was measured by radioimmunoassay in both healthy and diseased, mature (8–11 months) and senescent (29–31 months) C57BL/6J male mice. Pathological lesions in diseased mice included reticulum cell sarcoma and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. In healthy mice neither plasma T nor testicular weight differed between age groups. Median levels and 95 percentiles of plasma T in ng/ml were 1.12 (0.19–12.18) in mature mice and 1.17 (0–7.31) in senescent mice. In diseased mice testicular weight and the range of values of plasma T were significantly reduced. The marked decreased in plasma T and testicular weight in diseased senescent mice illustrates the importance of distinguishing between disease-related changes and effects of aging, per se.
ASYMMETRICAL GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION AND GONADOBLASTOMA
Authors: Coco R. , Chemes H. , Bergada C. , Kraizer Juan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 1010/12 years old virilized girl with the syndrome of asymmetrical gonadal differentiation is reported. The patient had a negative sex chromatin and positive Y chromatin (bright fluorescent body of Y chromosome) in the buccal smear and 45,X/46,XY karyotype in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. An exploratory laparotomy showed a small uterus, two Fallopian tubes, a tumoural testis on the right side and a streak on the left side. Pathological examination revealed the presence of gonadoblastoma in both gonads. The Y chromatin was identified on histological sections only on the side of the testis, and was absent on the streak and its gonadoblastoma's nests.
The distribution of the different cell lines and the fluorescence of the Y chromosome is discussed in relation to gonadal differentiation and the occurrence of gonadoblastoma.