bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characteristics of Carbon Nanofiber‐Reinforced Carbon/Carbon Composites by Fast Catalytic Infiltration Processes
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Cao , Luo Rui‐Ying , Wu Xiao‐Wen , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe simultaneous in‐situ growth of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and densification of a CNFs/CF hybrid multiscale felt are accomplished in a single step by thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration using Fe as the catalyst and vaporized kerosene under atmospheric pressure. A three‐dimensional CNF network which could bridge dissimilar components of composites is formed on carbon fibers (CFs). The length of CNFs can reach several micrometers and the diameters are about 80 nm. Smooth and rough surface densified CNFs can be produced after further higher temperature infiltration. CNFs, anchoring to CFs by the adherence of the catalyst nanoparticles, enhance the bonding between CFs and pyrocarbon as well as promoting the formation of a rough laminar pyrocarbon matrix. The deposition mechanisms and physical model are also discussed. This fast catalytic infiltration process can be applied to other ceramic materials and has significant enlargement potential.
Acetaminophen prevents aging‐associated hyperglycemia in aged rats: effect of aging‐associated hyperactivation of p38‐MAPK and ERK1/2
Authors: Wu Miaozong , Desai Devashish H. , Kakarla Sunil K. , Katta Anjaiah , Paturi Satyanarayana , Gutta Anil K. , Rice Kevin M. , Walker Ernest M. , Blough Eric R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundAging‐related hyperglycemia is associated with increased oxidative stress and diminished muscle glucose transporter‐4 (Glut4) that may be regulated, at least in part, by the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK).MethodsTo test the possibility that aging‐related hyperglycemia can be prevented by pharmacological manipulation of MAPK hyperactivation, aged (27‐month old) Fischer 344/NNiaHSD × Brown Norway/BiNia F1 (F344BN) rats were administered acetaminophen (30 mg/kg body weight/day) for 6 months in drinking water.ResultsHepatic histopathology, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase analyses suggested that chronic acetaminophen did not cause hepatotoxicity. Compared with adult (6‐month) and aged (27‐month) rats, very aged rats (33‐month) had higher levels of blood glucose, phosphorylation of soleus p38‐MAPK and extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), superoxide and oxidatively modified proteins (p < 0.05), and these changes were associated with decreased soleus Glut4 protein abundance (p < 0.05). Chronic acetaminophen treatment attenuated age‐associated increase in blood glucose by 61.3% (p < 0.05) and increased soleus Glut4 protein by 157.2% (p < 0.05). These changes were accompanied by diminished superoxide levels, decrease in oxidatively modified proteins (−60.8%; p < 0.05) and reduced p38‐MAPK and ERK1/2 hyperactivation (−50.4% and − 35.4%, respectively; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that acetaminophen may be useful for the treatment of age‐associated hyperglycemia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immune modulation in type 1 diabetes mellitus using DiaPep277: a short review and update of recent clinical trial results
Authors: Eldor Roy , Kassem Sameer , Raz Itamar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune T‐cells mount an attack on insulin producing beta‐cells eventually causing hyperglycemia. It is hypothesized, that to prevent and treat this disease, one must interfere with the autoimmune process. To avoid hazardous side effects, this intervention should not cause a global immune suppression but immune modulation. DiaPep277 (peptide 277) is a 24 amino acid peptide derived from positions 437‐460 in HSP60. It has recently been shown to have an immune modulatory effect on diabetogenic T cells in animal models of diabetes. It has also been recently implicated as a possible auto‐antigen in type 1 diabetes. Promising results in animal models led to phase 1 to 3 human clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes, the results of which are the focus of this review. A combined analysis of all the adult phase II studies revealed that DiaPep277 significantly inhibits the decline in stimulated C‐peptide secretion (thus preserving endogenous insulin secretion). This effect was more pronounced in patients with a high beta‐cell reserve at the start of the treatment. Furthermore, opposite trends in glycemic control of DiaPep277 treated patients where noted as opposed to placebo treated patients. The phase III study has began more than 2 years ago in 40 medical centers worldwide, and thus far recruited over 350 patients around the world. If DiaPep277 will prove to be efficacious, it will cause a paradigm shift in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, from treating the subsequent insulin deficiency to addressing the initial autoimmune process that is at the heart of the disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glucometabolic state of in‐hospital primary hypertension patients with normal fasting blood glucose in a sub‐population of China
Authors: Chen Yang‐Xin , Fang Chong‐Feng , Wang XiaoQiao , Nie Ru‐Qiong , Li GuoQi , Tang LiJiang , Zhou Shu‐Xian , Wang Jing‐Feng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high prevalence of abnormal glucometabolism (AGM) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and primary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the glucometabolic state of PH patients with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG).MethodsOral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed for 445 in‐hospital PH patients with normal FBG and re‐performed for those patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during the follow‐up period.ResultsDiabetes mellitus (DM), IGT, and AGM (including IGT and DM) accounted for 4.4, 24.5, and 28.9% of patients, respectively. Prevalence of AGM in patients with higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (≥6.0%), risk factors (CHD, overweight, hyperlipidaemia, proteinuria) was significantly higher than that in patients without these factors. Regression analysis showed that age, overweight, proteinuria, HbA1c, and CRP were the independent risk factors of AGM. Follow‐up data in 98 IGT patients showed that no improvement of glucometabolism was found, but contrarily, a significant increase of new onset of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and DM was found after 9 months (P < 0.05), even if diet control and moderate exercise were adopted.ConclusionsAGM is prevalent and underestimated in PH patients with normal FBG, and it will develop even if therapeutic life‐style changes are adopted. Except for FBG, more attention should be paid to postprandial blood glucose. OGTT should be a routine procedure for PH patients, especially in‐hospital PH patients, regardless of normal FBG, and active drug intervention for IGT patients with PH may be recommended. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraction of EEG characteristics while listening to music and its evaluation based on a latency structure model with individual characteristics
Authors: Ito Shin‐Ichi , Mitsukura Yasue , Miyamura Hiroko Nakamura , Saito Takafumi , Fukumi Minoru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEEG is characterized by unique and individual characteristics. Little research has been done to take into account the individual characteristics when analyzing EEG signals. Often the EEG has frequency components which can describe most of the significant characteristics. Then there is the difference of importance between the analyzed frequency components of the EEG. We think that the importance difference shows the individual characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new EEG extraction method of characteristic vector by a latency structure model in individual characteristics (LSMIC). The LSMIC is the latency structure model, which has personal error as the individual characteristics, based on normal distribution. The real‐coded genetic algorithms (RGA) are used for specifying the personal error that is unknown parameter. Moreover we propose an objective estimation method that plots the EEG characteristic vector on a visualization space. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a realistic simulation and applied to real EEG data. The result of our experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(1): 9–17, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10009
Experimental study of mode‐coupling strength of AT‐cut quartz resonators with high mesa step height
Authors: Goka Shigeyoshi , Mase Yusuke , Sekimoto Hitoshi , Watanabe Yasuaki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the bi‐mesa resonators, which can be fabricated with very high mesa steps, were fabricated, and their frequency–temperature (f–T) characteristics were measured as an index of the mode‐coupling strength. Since the mode‐coupling affects the first‐order temperature coefficient of the TS‐1 mode, thef–tcurve of the pure TS‐1 mode rotates clockwise depending on the mode‐coupling strength. The experimental results showed that the tendency of the first‐order coefficients of the measuredf–Tdata were in good agreement with the calculated mode‐coupling strength in the mesa height range of 0 to 50%. These results indicate the validity of the calculated mode‐coupling strength between TS‐1 and TF modes. It is also shown that choosing lower mesa height is desirable because the face‐shear modes caused by the X−Z′ boundary tend to couple with the TS‐1 mode when the mesa step is very high. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(1): 34–38, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10227
New multigrid method including elimination algorithm based on high‐order vector finite elements in three‐dimensional magnetostatic field analysis
Authors: Hano Mitsuo , Hotta Masashi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new multigrid method based on high‐order vector finite elements is proposed in this paper. Low‐level discretizations in this method are obtained by using low‐order vector finite elements for the same mesh. The Gauss–Seidel method is used as a smoother, and a linear equation of lowest level is solved by the ICCG method. But it is often found that multigrid solutions do not converge into ICCG solutions. An elimination algorithm of constant term using a null space of the coefficient matrix is also described. In three‐dimensional magnetostatic field analysis, convergence time and number of iteration of this multigrid method are discussed with the conventional ICCG method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(1): 39–45, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10228
A study for sensor selection LQ problem
Authors: Kuwahara Masanori , Kawaji Shigeyasu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough linear control theory is considered to be almost fully systematized, unsolved control problems still occur under certain realistic conditions. As an example, this paper discusses the sensor selection LQ problem. Recent technology has made it possible to arrange a process of large numbers of inexpensive sensors. In such cases we can expect to achieve more effective real‐time control by appropriately switching between sensors. This is an essential control problem but has not been discussed in the literature because of the combinatorial nature of the solution. In this paper we introduce the concept of “comparability of sensors” and present results on the uniqueness of the optimal solution. We then extend the problem to include the use of an observer and derive a sufficient condition for the existence of the unique solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(1): 46–54, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10229
An Unexpected Ferromagnetic Coupling in a Dinuclear Manganese(II) Linked Trivacant Heteropolymolybdate Derivative
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Xu Lin , Gao Guanggang , Li Fengyan , Liu Xizheng , Guo Weihua 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn unexpected ferromagnetically coupled dinuclear manganese(II) linked trivacant heteropolymolybdate [HN(CH3)3]10[Mn2(VVMo9O33)2]·10H2O (1) has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. A new kind of heteropolymolybdate [VMo9O33]7– anion is shown. The magnetic properties of 1 indicate typical ferromagnetic interactions through the MnII–O–MnII bridge unit.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Total Synthesis of 3‐O‐Benzyl‐1,3,5‐tri‐epi‐calystegine B2 from L‐Sorbose
Authors: Lo Re Daniele , Franco Francisco , Sánchez‐Cantalejo Fernando , Tamayo Juan A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe well known 2,3:4,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐L‐sorbofuranose (12) was chosen as starting material for the synthesis of (1S,4R,5S,6S,7S)‐4‐amino‐6‐benzyloxy‐1,7‐isopropylidenedioxy‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (33) and (1S,4S,5S,6S,7S)‐4‐amino‐6‐benzyloxy‐1,7‐isopropylidenedioxy‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (34) through carbon chain‐lengthening at C‐1 and C‐6 by Wittig and magnesium‐mediated alkylation methodology, respectively, followed by ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM). These promising oxabicyclic compounds were key intermediates for the preparation of the polyhydroxylated nor‐tropane alkaloid 1,3,5‐tri‐epi‐calystegine B2 (10) as its 3‐O‐benzyl derivative 35. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Expiration‐day effects—An Asian twist
Authors: Fung Joseph K. W. , Yung Haynes H. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study examines the intraday trading activities of index stocks on the common expiration day of index derivatives. In Hong Kong, index futures and index options use an Asian‐style settlement procedure. All contracts are settled against the estimated average settlement price, an arithmetic average of the underlying cash index taken every five minutes on the expiration day. Trading volume and total trade count on the expiration day are both found to be higher than normal. Most important, trading intensifies in terms of volume and frequency close to the five‐minute time marks. The study does not find significant price reversal and price compression patterns. Although significant order imbalance pattern is found on some expiration days, the results show no association between order imbalance pattern and the next‐day return. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:430–450, 2009
Medical technology adoption, uncertainty, and irreversibilities: is a bird in the hand really worth more than in the bush?
Authors: Graff Zivin Joshua , Neidell Matthew 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influence of current medical technology adoption decisions on the use of future potential interventions is often overlooked. Some health interventions, once exercised, restrict future potential interventions for both related and unrelated medical conditions. For example, treatment of a patient with an antibiotic may lead to resistance in that patient that precludes future treatment with the same or related compounds. This irreversibility raises the value of treatment modalities that preserve future treatment options. Surprisingly, partial reversibility with or without learning can either increase or decrease this value, depending on the distribution of patient types within the treated population. Evaluations that ignore these option values miss an important part of the welfare equation that is becoming increasingly important as individuals live longer and the stock of medical treatments increases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of lumican and fatty acid binding protein-1: New insights into the histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease #
Authors: Charlton Michael , Viker Kimberly , Krishnan Anuradha , Sanderson Schuyler , Veldt Bart , Kaalsbeek A. J. , Kendrick Michael , Thompson Geoffrey , Que Florencia , Swain James , Sarr Michael 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The basis of hepatocellular injury and progressive fibrosis in a subset of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is poorly understood. We sought to identify hepatic proteins that are differentially abundant across the histologic spectrum of NAFLD. Hepatic protein abundance was measured in liver samples from four groups (n = 10 each) of obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) patients: (1) obese normal group (normal liver histology), (2) simple steatosis (SS), (3) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-mild (steatohepatitis with fibrosis stage 0-1), and (4) NASH-progressive (steatohepatitis with fibrosis stage 2-4). Hepatic peptides were analyzed on an API Qstar XL quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer using Analyst QS software. Linear trends tests were performed and used to screen for differential abundance. Nine known proteins were expressed with differential abundance between study groups. For seven proteins differential abundance is likely to have been on the basis increased hepatic lipid content and/or inflammation. Lumican, a 40-kDa keratin sulfate proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibril assembly and activates transforming growth factor-beta and smooth muscle actin, was expressed similarly in obese normal and SS but was overexpressed in a progressive manner in NASH-mild versus SS (124%, P < 0.001), NASH-progressive versus NASH-mild (156%, P < 0.001) and NASH-progressive versus obese normal (178%, P < 0.001). Fatty acid binding protein-1 (FABP-1), which is protective against the detergent effects of excess free fatty acids, facilitates intracellular free fatty acid transport and is an important ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–mediated transcription, was overexpressed in SS when compared to the obese normal group (128%, P < 0.001), but was paradoxically underexpressed in NASH-mild versus SS (73%, P < 0.001), NASH-progressive versus NASH-mild (81%, P < 0.001), and NASH-progressive versus obese normal (59%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Histologically progressive NAFLD is associated with overexpression of lumican, an important mediator of fibrosis in nonhepatic tissues, whereas FABP-1 is paradoxically underexpressed in NASH, suggesting a new potential mechanism of lipotoxicity in NAFLD. Further studies are needed to determine the biologic basis of lumican and/or FABP-1 dysregulation in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2009;49:1375–1384.)
The etiology of liver damage imparts cytokines transforming growth factor β1 or interleukin-13 as driving forces in fibrogenesis #
Authors: Weng Hong-Lei , Liu Yan , Chen Jia-Lin , Huang Tong , Xu Li-Jun , Godoy Patricio , Hu Jun-Hua , Zhou Cheng , Stickel Felix , Marx Alexander , Bohle Rainer M. , Zimmer Vincent , Lammert Frank , Mueller Sebastian , Gigou Michelle , Samuel Didier , Mertens Peter R. , Singer Manfred V. , Seitz Helmut K. , Dooley Steven 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
It is unknown whether transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling uniformly participates in fibrogenic chronic liver diseases, irrespective of the underlying origin, or if other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13 share in fibrogenesis (e.g., due to regulatory effects on type I pro-collagen expression). TGF-β1 signaling events were scored in 396 liver tissue samples from patients with diverse chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Schistosoma japonicum infection, and steatosis/steatohepatitis. Phospho-Smad2 staining correlated significantly with fibrotic stage in patients with HBV infection (n = 112, P < 0.001) and steatosis/steatohepatitis (n = 120, P < 0.01), but not in patients with HCV infection (n = 77, P > 0.05). In tissue with HBx protein expression, phospho-Smad2 was detectable, suggesting a functional link between viral protein expression and TGF-β1 signaling. For IL-13, immunostaining correlated with fibrotic stage in patients with HCV infection and steatosis/steatohepatitis. IL-13 protein was more abundant in liver tissue lysates from three HCV patients compared with controls, as were IL-13 serum levels in 68 patients with chronic HCV infection compared with 20 healthy volunteers (72.87 ± 26.38 versus 45.41 ± 3.73, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry results suggest that IL-13–mediated liver fibrogenesis may take place in the absence of phospho–signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 6 signaling. In a subgroup of patients with advanced liver fibrosis (stage ≥3), neither TGF-β nor IL-13 signaling was detectable. Conclusion: Depending on the cause of liver damage, a predominance of TGF-β or IL-13 signaling is found. TGF-β1 predominance is detected in HBV-related liver fibrogenesis and IL-13 predominance in chronic HCV infection. In some instances, the underlying fibrogenic mediator remains enigmatic. (Hepatology 2009.)
Association between dietary nutrient composition and the incidence of cirrhosis or liver cancer in the united states population #
Authors: Ioannou George N. , Morrow Olivia B. , Connole Marah L. , Lee Sum P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Little is known about the impact of dietary factors on the progression of liver disease. Our aim was to determine whether dietary intake was associated with the risk of cirrhosis-related or liver cancer–related death or hospitalization in the U.S. population. Participants included 9221 persons aged 25-74 years without evidence of cirrhosis at entry into the study or during the first 5 years of follow-up, who were subsequently followed for a mean of 13.3 years as part of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary intake was ascertained at baseline using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. During follow-up, 123 of 9221 participants had a diagnosis of cirrhosis (n = 118) or liver cancer (n = 5) in hospitalization records or death certificates, including 36 who were diagnosed only on the basis of death certificates. Participants who reported a diet high in protein were at a higher risk of hospitalization or death due to cirrhosis or liver cancer (P = 0.001), whereas those who reported a diet high in carbohydrates were at a lower risk (P = 0.003), after adjusting for potential confounders (daily consumption of protein, carbohydrate, fat, tea or coffee, and alcohol, gender, race, age, educational attainment, U.S. geographical region, diabetes, body mass index, and subscapular-to-triceps skinfold ratio). Although total fat consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of cirrhosis or liver cancer, cholesterol consumption was associated with higher risk (P = 0.007), whereas serum cholesterol level was not associated with risk of cirrhosis or liver cancer. Conclusion: Diet may be an important and potentially modifiable determinant of liver disease. (Hepatology 2009.)
Influence of soil moisture hysteresis on the functioning of capillary barriers
Authors: Zhang Qi , Werner Adrian D. , Aviyanto Raden F. , Hutson John L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious experimental studies of capillary barriers have identified highly hysteretic soil moisture retention characteristics in the materials used. In this study, numerical modelling is used to analyse the role of soil moisture hysteresis in capillary barrier functioning. Comparisons between published experimental results and model simulations indicate that soil moisture hysteresis was a necessary inclusion in the modelling approach to adequately reproduce pore water pressure distributions and the timing of breakthrough occurrences. Under hypothetical intermittent infiltration and evaporation conditions, the predicted volumetric water content in the moisture retention layer was significantly different for hysteretic and non‐hysteretic models. The hysteresis effect was found to be dependent on the nature of infiltration–evaporation cycling, although the predicted volume of flow through the hysteretic barrier was lower than that of the non‐hysteretic case, regardless of the nature of the cyclic upper boundary conditions. For practical engineering designs, where the water leakage through the barrier is the primary concern, the inclusion of soil moisture hysteresis in numerical modelling is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.