bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No association between retinopathy and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Helve Eero , Laatikainen Leila , Karonen Sirkka-Liisa , Koivisto Veikko A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Intact endothelial cell function has been suggested to be important for insulin action. An association between retinopathy and insulin resistance has been found in type 2 diabetes. To evaluate, whether insulin resistance is related to retinopathy in insulin dependent diabetes, we examined 36 type 1 diabetic patients with various degrees of retinopathy: 7 patients had proliferative, 15 had background and 14 patients had no retinopathy. The three groups were matched for age, sex, body weight and insulin dose. Compared with patients with no retinopathy, those with proliferative retinopathy had a longer (P < 0.05) duration of diabetes (13 ± 3 vs 22 ± 3 years for no vs proliferative retinopathy), and higher (P < 0.05) serum creatinine (74 ± 4 vs 97 ± 8 μmol/l), triglyceride (0.69 ± 0.04 vs 1.02 ±0.17 mmol/l) and diastolic blood pressure (77 ± 3 vs 90 ± 10 mmHg) levels. The rate of insulinmediated glucose metabolism (1 mU euglycaemic insulin clamp) was virtually identical in each diabetic group (4.80 ± 0.42, 4.90 ± 0.36 and 4.98 ± 0.74 mg/kg/min) and 40% below that in 8 matched normal subjects (7.53 ± 0.53 mg/kg/min, P < 0.001).
In conclusion, proliferative retinopathy is related to long duration of diabetes, incipient nephropathy and hypertension. Insulin resistance characterizes the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes but is unrelated to retinopathy.
Conversion of T4 to T3 in perfused liver of rats with carbontetrachloride-induced liver injury
Authors: Ikeda Tadasu , Ito Yasuo , Murakami Isao , Mokuda Osamu , Tominaga Masato , Mashiba Hiroto 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. To evaluate the effect of hepatocellular damage on thyroid hormone metabolism, the conversion of T4 to T3 in the perfused liver of rats with carbontetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury was investigated. The liver was perfused non-recyclically with a synthetic medium containing 10 μg/dl T4 for 30 min, and the T3 production and the conversion of T4 to T3 were examined.
The serum T3 level was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in liver-injury rats (72 ± 9 ng/dl) compared with controls (88 ± 10 ng/dl). The uptake of T4 (4.15 ± 0.85 μg/g/30 min), net T3 production (180 ± 48 ng/g/30 min), and conversion rate of T4 to T3 (4.4 ± 0.9%) in the perfused liver of liver-injury rats were similar to the values (3.78 ± 0.66 μg/g/30 min, 191 ± 31 ng/g/30 min, and 5.0 ± 1.0%) in control rats, whereas the release of T3 (12.7 ± 3.2 ng/g/30 min) in the effluent in injured livers was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that (16.9 ± 3.0 ng/g/30 min) in control livers.
We concluded that in CCl4-induced liver-injury rats, the low serum T3 level may partly be due to the decreased release of T3 from liver cells after conversion of T4 to T3 rather than to a decreased conversion of T4 to T3.
Enterohepatic recirculation of oestriol: inhibition by activated charcoal
Authors: Heimer G. M. , Englund D. E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. We have earlier reported on a prolonged effect of orally administered oestriol caused by its enterohepatic recycling after reabsorption from the intestine.
The aim of the present study was to test if oral administration of activated charcoal could inhibit the enterohepatic recirculation of orally given oestriol. Plasma concentrations of unconjugated oestriol were measured using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Twelve mg oestriol administered orally to postmenopausal women resulted in elevated plasma oestriol levels for more than 24 h. Plasma oestriol fluctuations in relation to meals were seen. When activated charcoal was given 3 h after oestriol administration, the plasma oestriol concentration declined without further fluctuations and returned to the pretreatment value within 6 h. Our data indicate that oestriol given orally undergoes enterohepatic recirculation after reabsorption from the intestine since administration of charcoal, which binds steroids, resulted in a rapidly declining oestriol level. It is concluded that the prolonged oestriol elevation, which is normally seen, is caused by enterohepatic recycling.
Co-purification of bone resorbing activity and adenylate cyclase stimulating activity from human tumours associated with the humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy
Authors: Shigeno Chohei , Yamamoto Itsuo , Dokoh Shegiharu , Hino Megumu , Aoki Jun , Morita Rikushi , Torizuka Kanji 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. We have partially purified a tumour factor capable of stimulating both bone resorption in vitro and cAMP accumulation in osteoblastic ROS 17/2 cells from three human tumours associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Purification of tumour factor by sequential acid urea extraction, gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography followed by analytical isoelectric focussing provided a basic protein (pI > 9.3) with a molecular weight of approximately 13 000 as a major component of the final preparation which retained both the two bioactivities. Bone resorbing activity and cAMP-increasing activity in purified factor correlated with each other. cAMP-increasing activity of the factor was heat- and acid-stable, but sensitive to alkaline ambient pH. Treatment with trypsin destroyed cAMP-increasing activity of the factor. Synthetic parathyroid hormone (PTH) antagonist, human PTH-(3– 34) completely inhibited the cAMP-increasing activity of the factor.
The results suggest that this protein factor, having its effects on both osteoclastic and osteoblastic functions, may be involved in development of enhanced bone resorption in some patients with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy.
Direct immunostaining of TSH receptor related autoantibodies in Graves' disease
Authors: Sellschopp Ch. , Derwahl M. , Schaube H. , Seifert J. , Hamelmann H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Ten thyroid specimens from patients with Graves' disease were investigated immunohistologically with respect to the localisation of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor related autoantibodies. After conventional preparation of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded thyroid slices for immunostaining, 3–5 μm tissue sections were incubated with a porcine thyrotropin receptor containing membrane preparation (pTSH-R). The TSH receptor containing membrane fragments bound to the thyroid tissue were revealed with a slightly modified unlabelled PAP technique according to Sternberger, using an antiserum to pTSH-R obtained from immunized rabbits. This technique resulted in a staining of a considerable portion of plasma cells within the lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates of all the Graves thyroids. No staining occurred if for negative control either pTSH-R or its antiserum from rabbit was omitted. In addition, the staining reaction was markedly reduced by pretreatment of pTSH-R with serum from patients with Graves' disease in order to occupy its binding sites for autoantibodies prior to the staining procedure.
It is concluded that the staining of the intrathyroidal plasma cells is due to their synthesis of autoantibodies directed against TSH receptor related structures of thyroid epithelia. The results are in keeping with the concept that the thyroid as the target organ itself is the site of autoantibody synthesis in Graves' disease.
In vitro and in vivo TSH releasing activity of two new analogues of TRH
Authors: Roussel Jean-Paul , Tapia-Arancibia Lucia , Astier Hélène , Klingler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The TSH releasing activity of two new analogues of TRH 'Pyr-(N3-Im-methyl)-His-Pro-NH-(n-amyl)' (I) and 'Pyr-His-Pro-(tyramine)' (II) was tested and compared with that of TRH in adult rats to test how structural modifications in the TRH molecule affect its biological activity: 1) in vitro in superfused pituitaries and 2) in vivo after ip injection, with measurement of TSH by RIA before and after addition of each secretagogue.
Analogue I was found to be more potent than both TRH itself and Analogue II in stimulating TSH release: at 10 nmol/l in vitro, the ratio of induced to spontaneous release was 4.13 ± 0.35, 2.98 ± 0.20, and 1.19 ± 0.17, respectively for each secretagogue, with a 50% effective dose of 6 × 10−9 mol/l for Analogue I and 5 × 10−8 mol/l for TRH. A similar order of potency in increasing plasma TSH (Analogue I > TRH > Analogue II) was found in vivo, as shown by dose-response curves. After a 4-day pre-treatment with TRH (2 × 100 μg/day) a similar TSH response to TRH and Analogue I (500 nmol/kg body weight) was observed. By contrast, the dose of Analogue II needed to obtain the same stimulatory effect on TSH release was twice as high.
The biological activity of TRH appears to be more effectively increased by replacing an H atom by an amyl group in the C-terminal amide function of the proline residue of TRH than by a tyramyl group in the same residue.
Diurnal plasma profiles of metabolite and hormone concentration in insulin-dependent diabetic patients during conventional insulin treatment and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Authors: Hermansen K. , Møller A. , Christensen C. K. , Christiansen J. S. , Schmitz O. , Ørskov H. , Alberti K. G. M. M. , Mogensen C. E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In addition to hyperglycaemia, derangement of metabolic and hormonal control may play an important role in the development of microvascular complications in diabetes. Little, however, is known about the impact of insulin pump treatment on metabolic and hormonal parameters. In a 6-month prospective randomized study in insulin-dependent diabetics we therefore investigated the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by pump (10 patients) and conventional insulin treatment (10 patients) on the 24-h profiles of blood glucose, glycerol, lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone by measuring the respective concentrations every 2 h.
We found that average blood glucose levels and HbA1c were significantly lower in the group treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion as compared with the group on conventional insulin treatment. Furthermore, we observed an improvement in diurnal levels of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in the pumptreated group which was not seen in the conventionally treated group. A slight increment in alanine was seen in the group treated with insulin pump. Serum growth hormone, glycerol, plasma free insulin as well as the daily insulin supply were unchanged and identical in the two groups. It is noteworthy that in the pump group, the decrease in blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate takes place concomitantly with a significant suppression of glucagon.
Serum profiles and short-term metabolic effect of pituitary and authentic biosynthetic human growth hormone in man
Authors: Jørgensen J. O. L. , Flyvbjerg A. , Dinesen J. , Lund H. , Alberti K. G. M. M. , Ørskov H. , Christiansen J. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In a double-blind cross-over study we compared pituitary and methionine-free biosynthetic human growth hormone (P-hGH and B-hGH) with respect to pharmacokinetics and short-term metabolic effects in 9 hypopituitary children. They treated themselves for 4 weeks with 2 IU sc daily at 20.00 h. After admittance to hospital 2 IU was given: im the first day, and sc the second. They then switched over to the alternative preparation. The serum profiles of B- and P-hGH were identical. Comparing im and sc adsorption, the latter was slower and resulted in smaller areas under the curves, indicating greater local degradation.
Both preparations caused identical increases in somatomedin-C, but slightly more sustained after sc injection. Plasma glucose, plasma glucagon, and serum insulin fluctuated within normal ranges. The glucose profile pointed at a modest anti-insulin effect of hGH when given in the morning. The concentration in the blood of lactate, alanine, glycerol and B-OH-butyrate, and in serum of triglyceride, cholesterol and carbamide revealed no abnormalities with either hGH preparation. Finally, no development of anti-GH or E. coli polypeptide antibodies was seen. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics and short-term metabolic effects of B-hGH and P-hGH were identical.
Skeletal muscle potassium increases after diet and weight reduction in obese subjects with normal and impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Landin Kerstin , Lindgärde Folke , Saltin Bengt 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Body composition calculated from total body potassium and skeletal muscle potassium were studied in middle-aged obese men and women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance as well as Type II diabetes before and after advice on calorie reduction during twelve months. The subjects were compared with healthy lean men and women. Mean weight loss was 6.6 kg (P< 0.05). Lean body mass and body fat decreased 2.0 kg (P< 0.05) and 4.6 kg (P< 0.05), respectively. Total body potassium decreased by a mean of 146 ± 49 mmol (P< 0.01). Obese men with Type II diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance had lower total body potassium and muscle potassium levels than obese healthy men. After dieting, the obese men and women increased their muscle potassium levels with a mean of 2.8 mmol/100 g fat-free dry weight to 42.6 ± 2.6 mmol/100 g fat-free dry weight (P< 0.05), but they were still below the levels of the lean controls, 44.4 ± 1.3 mmol/100 g fat-free dry weight, (P< 0.01). Increase in skeletal muscle potassium was correlated to decrease in body weight, r = 0.55 (P< 0.01) and to decrease in fasting blood glucose, r = 0.42 (P< 0.05).
Evidence for reversible and irreversible biochemical defects in accessory sex organs and kidney of neonatally androgenized male mice
Authors: Veyssiere G. , Jean-Faucher Ch. , Berger M. , Jean Cl. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neonatal administration of supraphysiological doses of testosterone on the growth, hormone responsiveness, DNA and protein content, and protein profiles of the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles in adult mice. Results indicate that in androgenized males, testicular growth (DNA and protein content), circulating and organ androgen levels, and fertility were significantly depressed. The weights of the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and kidney, but not that of the spleen, were significantly diminished subsequently to a reduction of protein (all organs) and DNA (epididymis, vas deferens) content. The efficacy of testosterone in promoting accessory sex organs and kidney growth, in adult castrated males, was persistently reduced in neonatally androgenized males. When assessed by DNA content, the response of all organs (except the seminal vesicle) was similar to that of controls, but it was significantly reduced from 16 to 43% when measured in terms of protein content. The protein profiles from seminal vesicles and vas deferens analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed reproducible persistent alterations which could be reversed by adult androgen therapy.
Ultrasonography related to clinical and laboratory findings in lymphocytic thyroiditis
Authors: Gutekunst Rainer , Hafermann Wiard , Mansky Thomas , Scriba Peter C 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The value of ultrasonography compared with established diagnostic procedures was investigated by reviewing medical records of 92 patients (88 women and 4 men, age 11–81 years, mean age 47) with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Clinical manifestations of the disease and serum antimicrosomal antibodies and TSH were determined in all patients. The thyroid was examined by ultrasound. Both lobes were aspirated by a fine needle under sonographic control and smears examined cytologically. A total of 27 (29.3%) patients had no clinical symptoms. Antimicrocosmal antibodies were undetectable in 12 (13%) patients, 16 (17.4%) had low titres 1:32–1:100, and 64 (69.6%) ≥ 1:320. TSH (reference values 0.3–3.9 mU/l) was < 0.3 in 4 (4.3%) 0.3–3.9 in 41 (44.6%), 4–20 in 26 (28.3%), and > 20 in 21 (22.8%) patients. Ultrasound revealed a scattered sonolucent echo in 87 (94.6%) patients, and in 45 (48.9%) a normal thyroid volume (women < 18, men < 25 ml). Cytology alone was diagnostic in 84 (91.3%) patients. In conclusion, ultrasound can suggest lymphocytic thyroiditis. If antimicrosomal antibodies are undetectable or titres are not significant and/or clinical symptoms are uncertain, fine-needle aspiration can confirm the sonographic finding. Epidemiological studies including ultrasonography are necessary to obtain reliable data on the prevalence of lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Serum gonadotropins levels in childhood. Critical comparison between immunoradiometric assays and radioimmunoassays
Authors: De Hertogh R. , Wolter R. , Van Vliet G. , Vankrieken L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The complex changes in serum LH and FSH levels from infancy to adulthood are diversely evaluated by radioimmunoassays or bioassays. The relative lack of sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassay, using polyclonal antibodies, could possibly be overcome by new immunoradiometric assays, using specific antibodies to LH and FSH. Significant differences were indeed observed between radioimmunoassays and immunoradiometric assays. During the prepubertal period, LH levels, measured by the immunoradiometric assays, were below the sensitivity of the method in the majority of the samples. LH levels were, however, well detectable when measured with radioimmunoassay, showing the heterogeneity of circulating LH structures. At the onset of puberty, LH levels increased at least 3 to 4 times in both sexes, when measured with immunoradiometric assays, whereas their increase was only 20 to 60% with the radioimmunoassays. FSH levels remained well detectable in the prepubertal period whether measured by immunoradiometric or radioimmunoassays. At pubertal onset, FSH increase in both sexes was more important in the immunoradiometric assays. The results obtained with immunoradiometric assays give a better insight into the quantitative and qualitative function of the gonadotropes during childhood. The almost complete absence of LH during the prepubertal period and the steep increase at the onset of puberty better reflects the reported data obtained with bioassays. The persistance of significant levels of FSH in the prepubertal ages, and the lesser increase at the onset of puberty, when compared with LH, illustrates that the individual regulation of LH and FSH secretion vary over time and is influenced by developmental factors.
Changes in basal and stimulated TSH and other parameters of thyroid function in acromegaly after transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Geelhoed-Duijvestijn P. H. L. M. , Bussemaker J. K. , Roelfsema F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
T4 and T3 levels, TSH response to TRH and somatomedin-C levels in 63 patients with acromegaly, were measured before transsphenoidal surgery and during a 4-year follow-up period. Criteria for cure were: mean GH level <5 mU/l, suppression of GH by oral glucose tolerance test below 2.5 mU/l and normalization of paradoxical GH reaction to TRH. Nine patients underwent radioiodine studies to assess the renal and thyroid clearance of iodide, plasma inorganic iodine level and absolute iodine uptake. Among the patients 40% had goitre, with a male preponderance. T4 and T3 levels were in the normal range both before and after surgery. A transient decrease in T3 levels was found in the immediate postoperative period. Before treatment a diminished or absent TSH response to TRH was exhibited by 64% of the goitre patients and 34% of the non-goitre groups (p < 0.05). Despite normalization of GH and somatomedin-C levels and normal T4 and T3 levels no improvement of the TSH response was found during followup. No correlation between the incremental response of TSH to TRH and circulating T4 or T3 levels, basal TSH, GH or tumour size was found. There was, however, a negative correlation (r = −0.765, p < 0.05) between the incremental TSH response to TRH and somatomedin-C levels for females with goitre. Somatomedin-C levels were higher in patients with goitre than in those without goitre (95 ± 26 vs 75 ± 30 nmol/l; mean ± sd, p = 0.05). Radioiodine studies showed an increased renal clearance of iodide which was related to the increase in creatinine clearance. The absolute iodine uptake was significantly higher for male acromegalic patients than for controls (7.2 ± 2.2 vs 3.9 ± 2.3, p < 0.05) and decreased significantly postoperatively. From this study we conclude that the increased incidence of goitre in acromegaly is not caused by iodine deficiency, but is probably related to a stimulatory effect of GH or somatomedin-C on thyroid growth and function. In contrast to patients with other pituitary tumours, the impaired TSH response in acromegalic patients is not associated with hypothyroidism, and the TSH response to TRH does not normalize postoperatively, despite normalization of GH levels.
Renal iodide clearance in rabbits
Authors: Vadstrup Steen 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The purpose of the study was to compare indirect clearance methods based on plasma values and external detection of activity using small skin attached radioactivity detectors with a direct clearance method based on constant infusion and urine collection. The experiments were performed in anesthetized rabbits. The plasma iodide concentration was increased 100 times to prevent thyroid organification of radioactive iodide. [131I]iodide was infused at a constant rate and [125I]iodide was administered iv as a bolus for indirect clearance determination. The ratio between plasma values and external values 125I-activity was constant in all experiments from 15 min after administration of [125I]iodide and throughout the experiment. The results of 7 experiments in 3 rabbits showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.98) between direct and indirect values within the range of direct clearance values obtained (0.002–0.6 ml · min−1 · kg−1· The direct and indirect clearances were measured simultaneously during a 2-h period of steady state. The 95% confidence interval of the mean ratio between direct and indirect clearances was ± 20% for plasma activity and ± 26% for externally measured activity. It is concluded that both methods of indirect clearance determination can be applied to rabbits to estimate absolute values of the renal iodide clearance.