bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen über die Struktur der Acylderivate von methylenaktiven Dicarbonsäureanhydriden. 5. Mitt. über Acylderivate methylenaktiver Dicarbonylverbindungen
Authors: Schnekenburger J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Struktur einer Reihe von 4‐Acyl‐homophthalsäureanhydriden (1) sowie deren Enolestern (2) und Enoläthern (3) wurde mit Hilfe von UV‐ und IR‐Spektren untersucht. Die Substanzen (1) liegen im festen Zustand als 4‐Acyl‐3‐hydroxy‐isocumarine, in Lösung als α‐substituierte 4‐Hydroxymethylenhomophthalsäureanhydride vor. Die Substanzen (2) besitzen die Struktur von α‐substit. 4‐Acyloxymethylen‐homophthalsäureanhydriden mit cis‐Stellung von Enolester‐ und Carbonylgruppe. Von den beiden cis‐trans‐isomeren Enolbenzoaten des 4‐Benzoyl‐homophthalsäureanhydrids enthält das hauptsächlich gebildete gelbe Isomer die cis‐, das daneben in geringer Menge anfallende farblose Isomer die trans‐Stilbengruppierung. Die Substanzen (3) können sowohl als Derivate der kristallinen Form als auch der in Lösung überwiegenden Form erhalten werden.
Über die Autoxydation und fermentative Oxydation des Hämatoxylins
Authors: Frömming K.‐H. , Heinrichs U. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBei der fermentativen und nichtfermentativen Oxydation von Hämatoxylin (I) entsteht als erstes isolierbares Oxydationsprodukt Hämatein (II). Als primäres Oxydationsprodukt bildet sich bei der fermentativen Oxydation jedoch das o‐Chinon VI oder VII, das sich in einem nichtfermentativen Prozeß in das stabilere, energieärmere II umwandelt; II stellt nicht das Endprodukte der Oxydation dar.
Die basischen Inhaltsstoffe des Aronstabes (Arum maculatum L.)
Authors: Stahl Egon , Kaltenbach U. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus frischen Blättern von Arum maculatum L. wurde eine wasserdampfflüchtige Basenfraktion gewonnen. Sie enthielt neben Nikotin (0,7 mg/kg Frischdroge) Spuren eines weiteren Alkaloids und größere Mengen von Äthyl‐, Isobutyl‐ und Isoamylamin. Nichtflüchtige Alkaloide waren in der Droge nicht nachweisbar, wohl aber nichtflüchtige prim. Amine in Spuren.
Zur Stereochemie der katalytischen Hydrierung von Dihydroxybenzolen
Authors: Zymalkowski F. , Strippel G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractZweiwertige Phenole und Cyclohexandione werden mit Rh/Al2O3 und Rh/Pt unter Normalbedingungen glatt zu Cyclohexandiolen hydriert. Diese fallen als cis/trans‐Isomerenpaare an, deren gaschromatographische Analyse beschrieben wird. Der sterische Verlauf der Hydrierungen läßt sich durch Änderung des Wasserstoffdruckes variieren. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
Der Einfluß von Lösungsmitteln auf den Verlauf der Reduktion Schiffscher Basen mit aktiviertem Aluminium
Authors: Schönenberger H. , Thies H. , Rappl A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBei der Umsetzung von Benzylidenalkylaminen mit aktiviertem Aluminium in Äthanol entstehen Gemische aus Benzylalkylaminen und N,N′‐Dialkyl‐α,α′‐diphenyläthylendiaminen in einem Verhältnis, das durch das Mengen‐verhältnis Benzylidenalkylamin: Äthanol bestimmt wird. Die Verdünnung des Reaktionsansatzes mit indifferenten Lösungsmitteln (Toluol, Ligroin) führt zu keiner Veränderung der Ausbeute, ein Zusatz von basischen Verbindungen (Dioxan, Triäthylamin) fördert die Bildung des N,N′‐Dialkyl‐α,α′‐diphenyläthylendiamins. Es wird angenommen, daß konkurrierende Adsorptions‐ und Desorptionsgleichgewichte von Basen‐ und Äthanolmolekeln an der Aluminiumoberfläche für diese Vorgänge ausschlaggebend sind.
Zur Kenntnis der Vitalischen Farbreaktion. 1. Mitt.: Über β‐Eliminierungen mit Carbanion‐Zwischenstufen
Authors: Schwenker G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn der Vitalischen Farbreaktion entsteht beim Eindampfen von Atropin (I) mit HNO3 neben nichtnitrierten Verbindungen der 4‐Nitroatropin‐salpetersäureester (V). Außerdem wird stets auch 4‐Nitroapoatropin (VI) gefunden, das wahrscheinlich sekundär aus V durch β‐Eliminierung von HNO3 entsteht. Sowohl V als auch VI geben mit Basen die charakteristische blauviolette Farbe.Es wird nachgewiesen, daß es sich bei der farbigen Verbindung um ein mesomeriestabilisiertes Anion handelt, das in einem β‐Eliminierungs‐Additionsgleichgewicht die Rolle einer Zwischenstufe spielt. Die verwendete Base dient dabei als Nucleophil, außer HO− können auch andere Anionbasen genügender Nucleophilie, wie CN− oder C3H7S− Verwendung finden. Die Additionsprodukte der konjugierten Säuren der letzteren an VI wurden isoliert.Die bis zur Erreichung eines Gleichgewichts ablaufende β‐Eliminierung folgt dem E 1 cB‐Mechanismus, dessen Nachweis bisher nur in Ausnahmefällen und der extrem kurzen Lebensdauer der Anionen wegen nur indirekt gelang. Die unter den Bedingungen der Farbreaktion in hoher Konzentration vorliegenden Anionen haben dagegen eine beträchtliche Lebensdauer und sind wegen ihrer im sichtbaren Spektralbereich liegenden Lichtabsorption bequem nachzuweisen und quantitativ zu verfolgen.
Zur Chemie und Pharmakologie der Alkaloide Damascenin und Arecolin 1. Mitt.: Beiträge zur Synthese von Damascenin und Damasceninhomologen
Authors: Mutschler E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAusgehend von der 3‐Methoxybenzoesäure wurde eine verbesserte Damasceninsynthese gefunden: 3‐Methoxy‐benzoesäure wird mit Methanol und HCl‐Gas verestert, der Ester bei Temperaturen von etwa —10° in Acetanhydrid mit konzentrierter Salpetersäure nitriert und nach katalytischer Reduktion mit Raney‐Nickel mit Methyljodid methyliert. In Anlehnung an die Damasceninsynthese von Kaufmann und Rothlin wurde der 3‐Äthoxy‐2‐äthylamino‐benzoesäuremethylester hergestellt.
Amtsenthebung und Emigration Klassischer Phiologen
Authors: Ludwig Walther 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA short description of the situation of Classical Studies in Germany in 1932/33 is followed by a survey on the Classical scholars who emigrated from Germany in the Thirties. 13 Classicists are discussed in more detail (E. Norden, F. Jacoby, P. Maas, P. Friedländer, E. Fraenkel, H. Fränkel, W. Jaeger, E. Kapp, R. Pfeiffer, G. Rohde, K. v. Fritz, R. Walzer, F. Solmsen). They emigrated into Switzerland, Turkey, and especially to England and the U.S.A. The impact they had on the Classical Studies of these countries, and the impact these countries had on their life and scholarship is being considered.
Die Emigration der Kulturwissenschaftlichen Bibliothek Warburg und die Anfänge des Universitätsfaches Kunstgeschichte in Großbritannien
Authors: Wuttke Dieter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAby M. Warburg (1866‐ 1929) the famous art historian, critic and great promoter of cultural history collected a unique research library which became a semiofficial part of the newly founded University of Hamburg called „Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek Warburg”︁ in 1920. At the end of 1933 this library and its staff left Germany in order to prevent the Nazis from destroying this Jewish foundation. Great Britain gave home to it and at the end of 1944 London University incorporated the library now named The Warburg Institute. The Warburg Institute efficiently helped to promote art history as an academic discipline in Great Britain though its actual aims are of interdisciplinary nature and go far beyond art history as it has been the case since the days of Warburg.
Verzeitlichungs‐ und Historisierungstendenzen in der frühen Geologie und Paläontologie
Authors: Langer Wolfhart 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSteno described in 1669 geological sections which were interpreted as the result of a series of earlier events. Steno used actuogeological methods. This was the first step towards temporalizing nature. Steno was succeeded by a lot of other researchers from different European countries. It is amazing to see, that “actualism” was widespread during the 18th century. The next step was the discovery that fossils are extinct beings (Ray, Hooke and others). Using methods of comparing anatomy W. Hunter (forerunner of Cuvier) could prove in 1769 that the Mastodon is an extinct vertebrate. The work of Soulavie in France (1780) is stressed. He held in his hand the key for solving the problem of index‐fossils. About 1800 the importance of fossils for stratigraphy and describing a history of the earth was recognized. Theories and hypotheses were needed to explain the fossil documents (strange shells in older strata and higher developed mammals in younger strata). All these theories couldn't propose a feasible mechanism for the change of beings during the history of the earth. But it could be said, that all fossils proove a history of life and the earth i. e. a progressive development in one sense, a development which is not reversible.
Stand und Perspektiven einer Geschichte der Pflanzenbauwissenschaft
Authors: Böhm Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Einsicht, daß das Studium jeder Wissenschaft ohne Kenntnisse deren Geschichte nur ein unvollständiges Studium sein kann, hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Unter den Agrardisziplinen dokumentiert jetzt auch die Pflanzenbauwissenschaft dieses neue Denken. Zum ersten Male seit dem Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges liegen in Deutschland wieder pflanzenbauliche Hochschullehrbücher vor, in denen der Geschichte der eigenen Fachdisziplin ein kurzes Kapitel gewidmet ist1.
Sarton, Science, and the End of History
Authors: Meinel Christoph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAusgehend von der Frage George Sartons nach der Bedeutung von Auschwitz und Hiroshima für die Geschichte der Wissenschaften soll hier der Versuch unternommen werden, die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik einmal von ihrem möglichen und mit naturwissenschaftlich‐technischer Perfektion herbeiführbaren Ende her zu bedenken: dem atomaren, biologischen und chemischen Holokaust, der, in Perversion, dann den vollständigsten Triumph über die Natur bedeutete, den Wissenschaft und Technik erringen könnten. Muß daher die Geschichtsschreibung der Naturwissenschaften, wenn sie glaubwürdig und aufrichtig bleiben will, nicht um historiographische Ansätze und Urteile bemüht sein, die sich, wenn denn das Ende politisch und technisch schon jetzt erreichbar ist, auch angesichts solcher Perspektive verantworten lassen?.
Theophrast über Pflanzenkrankheiten. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Phytopathologie in der Antike
Authors: Wöhrle Georg 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlready before Theophrastus there was a botanical literature which also dealt with the diseases of plants, but we have only indirectly access to it — mainly by way of Theophrastus. The botanical excursus of the Hippocratic series of writings De genitura, De natura pueri, De morbis IV, which attributes the health of plants to a balance of warmth and cold and a correct quantity of specific humidity, forms an exception. This excursus hints at what is more fully developed in Theophrastus discussion of the diseases of plants: The diseases of plants are understood in close analogy to those of animals or human beings. In both cases, a basic distinction is made between inner, dietetic diseases and outer, traumatic ones. According to Theophrastus, especially humidity and an innate warmth are life‐sustaining factors. A disturbance of the natural humidity/warmth‐household must be counteracted by respective measures. As far as the terminology of plant diseases is concerned, Theophrastus relies on already existing concepts. Classical literature after Theophrastus has made no substantial contributions to phytopathology.
Das Problem der “entscheidenden Experimente”
Authors: Kaiser Walter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this historical essay an attempt is made to discuss the problem of decisive experiments both from the point of view of History of Science and of Philosophy of Science. The first part deals with Francis Bacon's idea of instantiae crucis and with the use of the term experimentum crucis mainly in optics. With respect to the experimental confirmation of Maxwell's electrodynamics the Duhem‐Quine Thesis is discussed. Duhem had argued that not a single hypothesis but only a complete theory is examined by experiment. So a single experiment neither can prove nor can disprove a single hypothesis. With regard to Bucherer's and Neumann's data concerning the velocity‐dependence of the electron's mass the question of the certainty of conclusions arising from experimental tests is treated. In the last parts the really historical problem of the decisive experiments is considered, namely the gap between the context of design of an experiment and the context of evaluation of an experiment in retrospect. The examples here are the Michelson‐Morley experiment, the Franck‐Hertz experiment, and the Compton‐Effect. In the conclusion parity violation is discussed. Perhaps due to the possibility of a single alternative in theory and an unambiguous result of the experiment this test really was crucial. In general, however, the experimentum crucis will prove to be a very seldom event.
Amateurs and the Rise of Astrophysics 1840–1910
Authors: Hufbauer Karl 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis essay examines the role of amateurs in founding the astronomical subdiscipline of astrophysics. During 1840–1870, they initiated many of the observing programs that came to comprise the new specialty. And during 1870–1910, they participated both in the ongoing research of the field and the campaign to provide it with an institutional base. These general trends are illustrated by examples from the lives of ten prominent amateur solar physicists.
Synthesis of N‐phenyl‐2‐[1,4,5,8‐14C]naphthylamine, N‐phenyl‐2‐[8‐13C] naphthylamine, and N‐[U‐14C]phenyl‐2‐naphthylamine
Authors: Walker G H , Hathway D E 
Published: October 2006

AbstractN‐Phenyl‐2‐naphthylamine has been synthesized (1) with 14C in positions 1, 4, 5 and 8, (2) with 13C in position 8 (small amounts of [1‐13C] naphthalene and 2‐[8‐13C]naphthylamine are formed as by‐products), and (3) with the N‐phenyl nucleus uniformly labelled with 14C.
Isotopic exchange in heterocyclic quaternary salts. II. (1) Hydrogen‐deuterium exchange ln active c‐methyl groups
Authors: Bologa Margareta , Barabás A. , Dénes Viorica I. , Chiraleu F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe non‐catalysed H‐D exchange in heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts (1–3) was studied by1H‐nmr. Exchange occurs only at the C‐CH3group, at a rate decreasing in the order X = C(CH3)2, Se, CH=CH, S, NCH3. In substituted benzothiazolium salts the exchange rates decrease in the series Y = NO2, Cl, H, OCH3. Chemical shifts (δ) of C‐CH3and N‐CH3groups decrease in the same sequence. Both exchange rate constants and chemical shifts can be related ta Hammett σp‐ values of the Y substituents. The mechanism p of the exchange reaction is briefly discussed.
The synthesis of dimethoxymethyl phenobarbital labeled with 14C
Authors: Wang Theodore S. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDimethoxymethyl phenobarbital (DMMP), labeled with 14C on the ring and side chains was prepared for drug metabolism studies. The synthesis of DMMP‐ethyl‐1–14C (4a) in four steps provided a 43% yield from ethyl‐1–14C iodide. The yields of DMMP‐2–14C (4b) and DMMP‐dimethylene‐14C (4c) were 87.5% and 30% respectively.
Synthesis of high specific activity tritium‐labelled dotriacontane
Authors: Houseman T. H. , Binns S. H. , Phillips K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe tobacco smoke particulate phase marker dotriacontane was labelled with tritium at positions 15, 16, 17 and 18 by the catalytic reduction of dotriaconta‐15, 17‐diyne. This was obtained by oxidatively coupling hexadec‐1‐yne, in turn prepared by reaction of monosodium acetylide with myristyl bromide.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled 4‐chloro‐3‐sulfamoyl‐N‐(3aα,4α,5,6,7α,7aα‐hexahydro‐4,7‐methano‐isoindolin‐2‐yl)‐benzamide
Authors: Nakamura Takaharu , Hamano Sachiyuki , Horie Tohru 
Published: October 2006

Abstract14C‐Labelled compound of antihypertensive 4‐chloro‐3‐sulfamoyl‐N‐(3aα, 4α, 5, 6, 7α, 7aα ‐hexahydro‐4, 7‐methano‐isoindolin‐2‐yl) ‐benzamide (IV) was synthesized for biotransformation studies in three steps with p‐chlorobenzoic acid‐carbonyl‐14C (I) as the labelled starting material.
Synthesis of [14C]labelled pyrano[3,4‐b]‐and thiopyrano[3,4‐b]indoles, and indeno[2,1‐c]pyran derivatives
Authors: Ferdinandi E. S. , Hicks D. R. , Verbestel W. , Raman P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of four structurally similar [14C]labelled compounds having a novel heterocylic ring system is described. Three compounds with a tetrahydropyrano (or thiopyrano) indole nucleus were prepared from suitably substituted [14C]tryptophols and were labelled in the pyrano or thiopyrano ring. The preparation of the [14C]tryptophol intermediates from the appropriate gramine is described. The synthesis of the fourth compound, a tetrahydroindenopyran derivative labelled in the indene nucleus, involved a novel preparation of [14C]indene.
L‐carboranylalanine substituted TMV, a highly boron labeled virus as a model for slow neutron therapy of tumors
Authors: Escher E. , Leukart O. , Kriwaczek V. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of the newly synthesized 10‐boron atoms containing amino acid L‐o‐carboranylalanine (Car) as a useful tool in slow neutron therapy of tumors is proposed and its attempted application with a Car‐substituted Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is described and discussed. Also the synthesis of 10B‐enriched decaborane as a precursor of Car is described.
17,18‐tritium labeled prostaglandins
Authors: Hsi Richard S. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe triple bond in 3α,5α‐dihydroxy‐2β‐(3α‐hydroxy‐trans‐1‐octen‐5‐ynyl)‐lα‐cyclopentylacetic acid γ‐lactone bis‐2‐tetrahydropyranyl ether (I) was reduced with tritium gas in the presence of tris‐(triphenylphosphine) ‐rhodium chloride to give 3α,5α‐dihydroxy‐2β‐(3α‐hydroxy‐5,5,6,6‐tetratritio‐trans‐l‐octenyl)‐lα‐cyclopentylacetic acid γ‐lactone (II). The diol‐lactone II was converted in five steps via modified Corey synthesis to prostaglandin E2‐17,18‐3H4 (VI). Reduction of VI gave prostaglandin E1‐17,18‐3H4 (VII) and its 13,14‐dihydro (VIII) and 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐dehydro (IX) derivatives. The prostaglandin E's were dehydrated to afford the corresponding tritium labeled prostaglandins A2 (X) and A1 (XI).
Synthesis of 6‐(Nα‐acetyl‐lysyl)‐11‐norleucine‐substance P‐(6–11)‐hexapeptide labelled with tritium on the phenylalanine residue in position 7
Authors: Bienert M. , Niedrich H. , Teplán I. , Medzihradszky K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNα‐Ac‐Lys‐(Phe‐4‐3H)‐Phe‐Gly‐Leu‐Nle‐NH2, a modified Substance P fragment with full activity on smooth muscle has been prepared by catalytic tritiation of the corresponding precursor peptide containing p‐chlorophenylalanine in position 7. The precursor peptide has been synthesized by stepwise couplings from the C‐terminal end, using t‐butyloxycarbonyl‐amino acid 2,4,5‐trichlorophenyl esters. The specific radioactivity of the tritiated product obtained was 23 Ci/mmole.
A convenient synthesis of creatine‐15N from glycine‐15N via sarcosine‐15N
Authors: Greenaway W. , Whatley F. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe preparation of creatine‐15N monohydrate from glycine‐15N with the isolation of sarcosine‐15N as an intermediate is described. Glycine‐15N (97.3 atom% 15N) is converted to benzenesulphonyl glycine‐15N, which is methylated to give benzenesulphonyl sarcosine‐15N. The latter is hydrolysed to sarcosine‐15N, which is isolated by ion exchange chromatography. Sarcosine‐15N is converted to creatine‐15N monohydrate by reaction with cyanamide in aqueous solution in the presence of sodium chloride and catalytic amounts of ammonium hydroxide‐14N. The creatine‐15N monohydrate precipitated from the above reaction mix is recrystallized from boiling water. The yield of sarcosine‐15N from glycine‐15N is 78% of theory and that of recrystallized creatine‐15N monohydrate from glycine‐15N is 59% of theory.
Synthesis of 14C‐labeled 2,4,2,′5′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl
Authors: Moriya Takashi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA synthetic procedure for 2,4,2,′5′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐14C6 is presented. 2,4‐Dichloroaniline‐14C6 was prepared in 46.7% yield from benzene‐14C6 via m‐dinitrobenzene‐14C6, m‐dichlorobenzene‐14C6 and 2,4‐dichloronitrobenzene‐14C6. 2,4‐Dichloroaniline‐14C6 was coupled with p‐dichlorobenzene to produce 14C‐labeled tetrachlorobiphenyl. The yield was 21% based on 2,4‐dichloroaniline‐14C6.
Unnatural nucleosides and nucleotides. III. Preparation of 2‐14C and 4‐14C labelled 5‐alkyluracils and 5‐alkyl‐2′‐deoxyuridines
Authors: Szabolcs A. , Kruppa G. , Sági J. , Ötvös L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract2‐14C Labelled 5‐alkyluracils were prepared by condensation of the diethylacetals of α‐formyl‐carbonic acid esters with 14C‐thiourea. Compounds labelled at 4‐C were synthesized by condensation of the labelled carboxylic acid derivatives with thiourea.β‐Anomers of 5‐alkyl‐2′‐deoxyuridines were obtained in a fairly good radiochemical yield. Alkyl substituents ranged from methyl to tetradecyl, isopropyl and tertbutyl.
Synthesis of 123I‐labelled 4‐iodo‐2, 5‐dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
Authors: Braun Gisela , Shulgin Alexander T. , Sargent Thornton 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA rapid and convenient synthesis of the psychotomimetic agent 4‐iodo‐2, 5‐dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine is described, incorporating the radioisotope 123I (T1/2 13 hr). With the amine function of 2, 5‐dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine blocked as the phthalimide, it was found that the aromatic 4‐position could be directly iodinated with iodine monochloride. The phthalic acid moiety was rapidly removed with hydrazine in butanol to provide the title compound, as the hydrochloride salt, in an overall yield of 10% and in a reaction time of less than one half‐life.
Synthesis of 14C labelled drotaverinum hydrochloride
Authors: Koltai E. , Bánfi D. , Engler J. , Volford J. , Mészáros Z. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDrotaverinum hydrochloride was labelled with 14C isotope in position 1 of the isoquinoline ring. A rapid synthesis with high radiochemical yield was elaborated.
Synthesis of α‐acetoxy‐n‐nitroso‐4[3H]‐pyrrolidine
Authors: Saavedra Jose E. , Hecker Lanny I. , Farrelly James G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTritium labeled α‐acetoxy‐N‐nitroso‐4[3H]‐pyrrolidine 3, an important model compound used in the study of the metabolism of nitrosopyrrolidine, has been prepared from commercially available 4[3H]‐l‐proline. The synthesis involves two steps; first the nitrosation of the aminoacid to N‐nitroso‐4[3H]‐l‐proline 2, followed by the oxidative decarboxylation with lead tetraacetate in dicloromethane with 1.2 equivalents of pyridine to α‐acetoxy‐N‐nitroso‐4[3H]‐pyrrolidine in 23% overall yield. The compound was further purified by HPLC.
Synthesis, chromatography and tissue distribution of methyl‐11c‐morphine and methyl‐11C‐heroin
Authors: Kloster G. , Machulla H.‐J. , Röder E. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract11C‐Morphine was prepared by methylation of normorphine with 11CH3I. Acetylation of this compound yields heroin. The radiochemical yield is 9% for morphine and 4% for heroin at a specific activity of 1.63 mCi/μmole. Synthesis time including purification by hplc is 18 min for 11C‐morphine and 36 min for 11C‐heroin, respectively. The tissue distribution of both these compounds was determined in rats at different times after an i.v. injection. The main accumulation of activity is in the small intestine, followed by kidney and liver. Little activity was detected in the brain.
The synthesis of [14C] ‐labelled haloperidol and [d4]‐and [d8] haloperidol
Authors: Fellows I. , Harrow T. A. , Honeyman R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis Of[14C] haloperidol for use in metabolism studies, and the synthesis Of[d4]‐and[d8] haloperidol for use in bioavailability studies, is described.