bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation in Enzyme Phenotypes among Yugoslav Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Vapa L. , Hart G. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe zymogram phenotypes of 14 enzymes were determined for 80 Yugoslav wheat cultivars in order to identify probable allelic variants at structural gene loci. Enzyme phenotypes that differ from the one produced by Triticum aestivum cv.‘Chinese Spring’ were detected for six enzymes, namely, aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase‐1, aconitase‐1, amino peptidase‐l, lipoxygenase‐1, NADH dehydrogenase‐1 and endopeptidase‐1, and one or more probable allelic variants at the Aadb‐B1, Aco‐A1, Aca‐B1, Amp‐Al, Amp‐B1, Ep‐A1, Ep‐B1, Lpx‐A1, Lpx‐B1 or Lpx‐D1, and Ndh‐B1 loci were identified.
Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts in Linum*
Authors: Ling H. Q. , Binding H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractProtoplasts of eight wild Linum species and 14 genotypes of flax, isolated from different parts of seedlings and from shoot apices, were regenerated to callus in medium V‐KM (Binding and Nehls 1977). Plant regeneration was obtained in L. alpinum, L. amurense, L. hologynum, L. perenne, L. salsoloides and eight genotypes of L. usitatissimum on agar media B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968), B5C (Binding et al, 1981), MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) and MSC (MS with 5% coconut endosperm) containing 2.5μM 6‐BA. An adventitious embryo was regenerated in L. alpinum. Callus differentiation like sponge parenchyma, was observed in protoplast‐derived tissues of L. usitatissimum. Shoots organized roots under slightly divergent conditions in the different species.
Genetic Variation in Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Spring Rape (Brassica napus L.) and its Exploitation Through Selection
Authors: Yau S. K. , Thurling N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractField and controlled environment studies revealed significant genetic variation in nitrogen uptake and utilization within an F2 population of spring rape. However, narrow‐sense heritabilities of measures of these characters were consistently low, and were less than that of seed yield in the field. Flowering time in the field had a much higher heritability than seed yield and the expected yield response to selection for this character was 34 % greater than the response to direct yield selection. An even greater yield response was expected from selection based on an index combining measurements of flowering time, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization. The expected yield response to selection for an index incorporating these characters and seed yield was SI % greater than that for direct yield selection.
Isozyme Analysis of Some Male Sterile Lines in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Phul P. S. , Chhina B. S. , Kumar Raman 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA comparative study of peroxidase and acid phosphatase of anthers was carried out on sorghum to characterize five male steriles and their maímainers. Differences in presence/absence and intensity of bands were observed for the isozyme patterns of all the male steriles and their corresponding maintainers. The better expression of enzymes in sterile anthers emphasized the role they play in breaking down various metabolites that are otherwise important for formation of fertile anthers.
In Vitro Response to Fusarium Elicitor and Toxic Substances in Crosses between Resistant and Susceptible Carnation Cultivars
Authors: Buiatti M. , Marcheschi G. , Venturo R. , Bettini P. , Bogani P. , Morpurgo R. , Nacmias B. , Pellegrini M. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo assess the correlation between in vivo resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and in vitro behaviour, calli from several resistant and susceptible Mediterranean carnation cultivars and F1 progenies of crosses were tested both for the ability to grow on a medium containing crude culture filtrate of F. oxysporum and to produce phytoalexins following treatment with cell wall components (elicitor) of the same fungus. The results show no significant correlation between in vivo resistance and in vitro tolerance to culture filtrate of the fungus, while there was a good correlation in die case of phytoalexin production. Moreover, the character phytoalexin production behaved as a dominant in the crosses between a resistant and a susceptible cultivar.
Inheritance of Dry Root Rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) Resistance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Rao P. K. Ananda , Haware M. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola was studied. Parental F1 and F2 populations of two resistant and two susceptible parents, along with 49 F1 progenies of one of the resistant × susceptible crosses were rested for their reaction to dry root rot using the blotting‐paper technique. All F, plants of the resistant × susceptible crosses were resistant; the F2 generation fitted a 3 resistant: 1 susceptible ratio indicating monogenic inheritance, with resistance dominant over susceptibility. F3 family segregation data confirmed the results. No segregation occurred among the progeny of resistant × resistant and susceptible × susceptible crosses.
Induced Vine Mutant in Vigna mungo
Authors: Singh R. K. , Raghuvanshi S. S. , Prakash Dhan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPure dry seeds of variety T9 of Vigna mungo were irradiated by 10, 20 and 30 kR of gamma rays at 33 °C followed by post irradiation treatment with 0.25 % EMS in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 30 ± 1 °C. Vine mutants were isolated from segregating families after 20 kR and 10kR ± EMS treatment. The genetic nature of the mutants was tested by crossing with the wild type. The segregation in F2 proved the mutant to be monogenic recessive. The mutant showed slight improvement in protein content and marked improvement in yield of seeds.
An Inheritance Study of Domestication in Foxtail Millet Using an Interspecific Cross
Authors: Darmency H. , Pernes J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order better to understand domestication processes, the inheritance of eight morphological characters and isozymes was studied in the F2 progeny of an interspecific cross between a wild and 2 cultivated foxtail millet (Setaria viridis and S. italica). Two linkage groups were determined, one involving seed shedding and the phenol colour reaction of the grain. These two characters, as well as the pericarp pigmentation of the seed, appear to he highly specific for the difference between collections of wild and cultivated plants and probably indicate a genotype particularly suitable for plant domestication.
Yield, Grain Weight and Height Relationships in Two Random Samples of Early Semi‐Dwarf Genotypes of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Pinthus M. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this work is to study the association between the genotypic differences in mean grain weight and grain yield, the relationship of yield and grain weight with culm length, and the differences between the effects of the Rht1 and Rht2 dwarfing alleles on these characters. Yield, grain weight, grains m‐2 and culm length were evaluated in two random samples of 19 semi‐dwarf early lines, selected in F5 and tested in F2, from two different crosses between cultivars differing in the Rht allele controlling their semi‐dwarf ness. The lines of each cross were tested in 4‐replicated field trials at two different sites. Phenotypic, genotypic, partial and multiple correlations as well as hertability estimates were computed. In each cross the lines differed significantly in their mean values of all the characters tested. In both crosses there was no apparent association between grain weight and grain yield. It therefore seems that in wheat of the type investigated in this study, grain yield and grain weight are independent controlled and that high grain yield is not restricted to any particular range of mean grain weight. A rather high positive correlation between culm length and grain weight was found in one cross but not in the other indicating the dependence of this relationship on the genetic background. In both crosses no significant differences were found between the performance of the lines carrying the Rht1 dwarfing allele and those carrying the Rht2 allele.
Plant Regeneration from Callus Cultures of Brassica carinata A. Br. and its Implications to Improvement of Oil Seed Brassicas
Authors: Narasimhulu S. B. , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractProtocols of plant regeneration have been developed for Brassica carinata for creating somaclonal variation for plant type and adaptability, so that this species can fit into cropping systems in Indian agriculture. The response of cotyledonary and stem explants was assessed for callus induction and shoot regeneration on MS and B5 basal media containing different combinations of auxin and cytokinin concentrations. MS medium supplemented with BA and NAA favoured callus induction. Supplementing MS with combinations of BA and IAA, as also with BA alone, regenerated shoots from the ex pi ants with a high frequency. The frequency of shoot regeneration and the mean number of shoots per explant were higher in cotyledons than in stem explants on identical growth regulator combinations. On B5 medium, supplemented with BA (2 mg/l) and IBA (0.4 mg/l), compact callus was produced which regenerated shoots on transfer to medium containing BA (0.8 mg/l). Genotypic differences among carinata accessions for regeneration were also observed.
Genetic Control of Temperature‐Sensitivity of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (cms) in Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.)
Authors: Tatlioglu T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn earlier experiments with chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive cms plants could be selected.To obtain information about the site and nature of the genetic factor(s) responsible for the temperature sensitivity of the cms, temperature‐insensitive and temperauire‐sensitive cms plants were crossed with maintainers as well as with one another. In the progenies each genotype was cloned into two clone members, and these were examined concerning their male sterility under normal (20 °C/14 °C, day/night) as well as under constantly high temperatures (24 °C/ 24 °C).The results indicate that the temperature‐sensitivity of the cms is controlled by a dominant nuclear gene “T”. This acts like a restorer gene at high temperatures and is ineffective at normal temperatures. Accordingly, important conclusions can be drawn with regard to the selection of temperature‐insensitive cms‐lines as well as to the propagation of the cmi‐lines.The results are discussed in connection with the mitochondrial polypeptides probably responsible for the formation of the cms.
Seed Yield Selection in Medicago sativa L. and Correlated Responses Affecting Dry Matter Yield
Authors: Veronesi F. , Falcinelli M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOpen pollinated (OP) progenies from 72 plants, selected for seed yield within a population of the Italian synthetic variety ‘Adriana’, were evaluated in 1983–1986 under dense stand conditions, both for dry matter yield (DMY) of the 1st cut and seed yield (SY) of the 2nd regrowth. Analysis of variance of the results showed the presense of significant differences in SY potential among entries, with average SY over the years of open pollinated (OP) progenies ranging between 32.1 gm‐3. In contrast, the OP progenies were not significantly different in DMY, averaging between 0.61 kg m‐2 and 0.77 kg m‐2. The results show the possibility of selecting for SY without a negative response affecting DMY in lucerne. Furthermore, the most interesting materials appeared to be characterized both by high average SY and SY stability over the year.
Genotypes of Hybrid Necrosis in 25 Spring Varieties of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Pfeffer Anna , Zeller F. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrid necrosis in Triticum is known to be caused by the interaction of two complementary dominant genes. Varieties of many tetroploid and hexaploid wheat species have been described according to their genotype for this character. In the present contribution, the genotype for hybrid necrosis of 25 spring wheat varieties is presented.
Progressive Differentiation of Spikelet Types in Relation to Ploidy in the Genus Avena
Authors: Nishiyama I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the study of interspecific and interploidy hybrids of Avena the order of spikelet types in the recessive < dominance sequence was found to be as follows: N1 (naked type) < C1,2 (cultivated, type) < W1,2 (wild type) < S1,2 (subwild type) < W3 < S3 < C3 < N(1)3, where superscripts 1, 2 and 3 indicate the spikelet type of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species, respectively. Nullisomic studies of hexaploid species showed that chromosome MK‐9 of the 3rd genome controlled multiple alleles W3, S3 and C3 types, except N(1)3 type, and synapsis of meiotic chromosomes. Its homoeologous chromosomes of the 1st and 2nd genomes appeared to affect the W type (probably introduction of W1 and W2) as well as meiotic asynapsis. The asynapsis might be induced by deficiency of a synapsis‐gene(s) in a primary hexaploid form or species. The N(1)3 type probably occurred by dominant or epistatic mutation of the W1 type in A. sativa, and the C3 type hidden was present. The maintenance of such a heterozygosity system may be mainly due to diploid‐like pairing of chromosomes on the balance between the synaptic and asynaptic gene functions.
Genotypic Composition and Mildew Resistance in a Natural Population of Wild Barley, Hordeum spontaneum
Authors: Segal A. , Döurr K. H. , Fischbeck G. , Zohary D. , Wahl I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo sets of accessions were sampled, tram a natural population of Hordeum spontaneum at Shelomi, Israel, viz.: 100 ears along a transect at intervals of 1—1.5 m and 10 ring clusters of 10 ears each, circling each 10th plant of the transect. Single ear progenies were tested for banding patterns of 5 allozyme loci; in addition, hordein sanding; and field reaction against powdery mildew has been determined. 56 allozyme genotypes and 13 hordein patterns were determined. Most of the progenies showed susceptible to moderately susceptible infection types and high frequencies of low infection grade (slow mildewing). For all characters spatial grouping was found in plants derived from neighbouring transect parents. This was even more pronounced in the ring clusters. Reactions to mildew infection appeared to be closely correlated with hordein banding. In addition, accessions showing hypersensitive reactions carried excessive frequencies of a certain allele of the Est‐1 locus.
Chromosome Irregularities in Wheat and Triticale Plants Regenerated from Leaf Base Callus
Authors: Fedak G. , Armstrong K. C. , Handyside R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBasal leaf sections of Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Chinese Spring’, and XTriticosecale Wittmack cv.‘Welsh’were cultured on Kao's medium with 2 mg/l of 2,4‐D. Callus was induced on the leaf sections at frequencies of 64 and 63 %, respectively, and plant‐lets regenerated at 18 and 31 %, respectively. Compared to the controls, the regenerated plants showed higher frequencies of univalent chromosomes at meiosis and low frequencies of trivalents, and quadrivalents; indicating that the callus phase had induced low frequencies of chromosome irregularity.
Meiosis in Two New Intergeneric Hybrids between Hordeum and Secale
Authors: Gutta P. K. , Fedak G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe diploid hybrid Hordeum californicum×Secale vavilovii and the tetraploid hybrid H. parodii× S. anatolicum, were obtained through embryo rescue techniques at relative frequencies of 0.70 and 5.3 % of pollinated florets, respectively. Means of 11.741+ 1.1311 per cell at metaphase I of meiosis were obtained in the diploid hybrid and 14.741+ 6.3l11+ 0.22111+ 0.02IV in the tetraploid hybrid with a maximum of 6.01+ 4.011 and 9.011+2.0111+ 1.0IV respectively. In the diploid hybrid there was preponderance of intragenomic pairing (86.7 %). Increased pairing in the tetraploid hybrid was attributed to autosyndesis among Hordeum chromosomes.
In vitro Selection for Fusaric Acid Resistant Barley Plants
Authors: Chawla H. S. , Wenzel G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCalli of two genotypes of barley,‘Dissa’and W 193, were used for selection of resistance against fusaric acid, a pathotoxin of Fusarium. Callus was initiated from 7‐ to 10 days old immature embryos. 1000 calli of the‘Dissa’and 500 of the W 193 genotypes were grown for 4 selection cycles on medium with 0.8 mM fusaric acid. In the first selection cycle, about 80 % of the calli were killed; after the 4 selection cycles, 8 to 11 % resistant calli were obtained and plants were regenerated. Resistant calli maintained on non‐toxic medium showed retention of resistance ability after 3 months of sub‐culturing. Plants could be regenerated from the surviving calli and testing by leaf bioassay revealed that many were resistant to the same toxin concentration employed for callus selection (100 %), while some were only resistant up to a concentration of 75 %.
Influence of Sucrose and Melibiose on Barley Anther Cultures in Starch Media
Authors: Sorvari S. , Schieder O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnthers from the barley varieties ‘Arra’, ‘Dissa’ and ‘Ingrid’ were cultured in barley starch gelatinized nutrient media. The importance of osmosis in barley starch medium was studied by using sucrose or an inert carbohydrate, melibiose, as an osmoticum. It was found that in the barley starch medium sucrose was not necessary but energy and carbon could be obtained by tissue enzymatically from the starch. Together with the starch medium melibiose had revolutionary effects OB barley anther cultures. This system not only produced extremely high numbers of embryoids and green plantlets but also drastically reduced the number of albinos.
Utilization of Genetic Variability of Resynthesized Rapeseed
Authors: Kräling K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe performance of single cross hybrids between resynthesized (resyn.) genotypes and varieties of rapeseed was tested in microplots. The results revealed strong, genetic differences between the artificially synthesized rapeseed forms for all the characters investigated, as well as for g.c.a. values. In particular, hybrids with resyn rapeseed exhibited a vigorous vegetative growth. It should therefore, be beneficial to use resyn forms directly in fodder rape breeding programmes.Disturbances in fertility of the resyn material resulted in a low number of seeds per pod and consequently in an inferior seed yield as compared to the varieties, although some high yielding combinations were also identified. Three‐way hybrids with a 25% genome share of the resyn rapessed reached only lower vegetative performance as compared 10 the hybrids with a 50% resyn genome but their performance in generative traits was general superior‐ In respect to seed yield some progenies of three‐way hybrids showed a higher plot performance than even the high yielding varieties. A further comparison between single‐cross combinations of resyn × variety on the one hand and variety × variety on the other hand demonstrated that resyn genotypes, due to a distinct apical dominance, exhibited a pronounced expression of characters measured on the main stem. But in total, ii is evident from the present findings that any hybridization with this resyn material does not promise immediate short‐term varietal improvement.
Combining Ability and Heterosis for Quantitative Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley
Authors: Heun M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe estimation of combining abilities and heterosis for quantitative resistance against Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei of eight spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars is presented. Fur this purpose a half diallel cross and its parents were arranged in five Latin rectangles, each inoculated with a current mildew isolate. Significant general combining ability was found whereas specific combining ability was non‐significant. A great pan of the general combining ability could be explained by variety effects. Significant variety heterosis was obtained too. Significant average heterosis was obtained but us effect was small. Among those selected for this study, ‘Grit’ and ‘Hora’ were the best parents for further crosses.
Sources of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley Lines Derived from Hordeum spontaneum Collected in Israel
Authors: Jahoor A. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFourty two barley lines direved from the F7 of crosses between barley cultivars and different accessions of Hordeum spontaneum collected in Israel and 30 lines or varieties with known genes for resistance to powdery mildew were included m this study. Eleven European and three Israeli powdery mildew cultures, possessing virulence genes corresponding to known resistance genes, were used to make comparisons between the varieties with known resistance genes and H. spontaneum derived lines. The reaction pattern of 39 H. spontaneum derived lines was clearly different from the reaction pattern o; any of the known genes for mildew resistance included in this study. Only two cases were observed in which the reaction pattern of H. spontaneum derived lines agreed with reaction patterns of known genes for mildew resistance viz. Ml‐a9 and Ml‐p. Trie Mildew resistance of one line apparently traces back to uncontrolled outcrossing with a Ml‐a.6+Ml‐g resistant cultivar. Since the majority of the 42 host genotypes tested showed distinctive variation in resistant reaction types against different mildew cultures, this study docs not support the assumption that differences in resistant infection types against distinct mildew cultures are sufficient to indicate the presence of supplementary genes for resistance in a given genotype of the host. The results justify the conclusion that the natural population of H. spontaneum in Israel forms a large gene pool for mildew resistance which is not yet used m cultivated barley.
Genes for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Cultivars of Spring Wheat
Authors: Heun M , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwenty‐three cultivars of spring wheat were inoculated with nineteen different powdery mildew isolates; their ruction patterns hive been compared with those of twenty‐two cultivars/lines carrying identified powdery mildew resistance genes. Applying the gene‐for‐gene hypothesis, it is evident that three cultivars have none of the resistance genes used, seven others (including ‘Solo’) may carry Pm4b, only. The resistance pattern of ‘Selpek’ is identical to A/‐1 resistant cultivars of winter wheat and may be explained by the presence of Pm5. The resistance pattern of Pm5 (Mt‐i) cultivars is very different from a number of ‘Kolibri’‐related cultivars of spring wheat. Since either all or nothing of that specific pattern has been transferred to all cross progenies of ‘Kolibri’, a single gene is assumed to oe responsible for it, preliminarily designated as Ml‐k. The cultivar ‘Mephisto’ carries the ‘Normandie’ resistance (Pwl 2, 9). In five cultivars to spring wheat the combined effects of at least two of the above‐mentioned sources have been found. Despite the fact that ‘Normandie’ and ‘Sappo’ are not closely related. ‘Sappo’ shows the complete ‘Normandie’ resistance pattern plus that of Pm4b. The same is true for ‘Planet’ and ‘Walter’.
Cytology, Fertility and Morphology of Amphiploids Hordeum chilense × Tetraploid Wheats (Tritordeum)
Authors: Padilla J. A. , Martin A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWith the aim of widening the genetic variability of hexaploid tritorceum through the wheat parents, amphiploids between Hordeum chilense and Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, ssp. georgicum, and Cody, polonicum have been synthesized. The meiotic behaviour and the fertility were examined in these amphiploids. The morphology of the amphiploids in comparison to their wheat parents was described.