bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varicella vaccination in children with lymphoma and solid tumours
Authors: Emir S , Büyükpamukçu M , Köseoğlu V , Hasçelik G , Akyüz C , Kutluk T , Varan A 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Varicella infection can be a severe disease, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Here, experience with live varicella vaccine to prevent varicella infection is reported in children who were undergoing treatment for lymphoma and solid tumours.

Methods
40 children, aged between 12 months and 15 years with no clinical history of varicella, were vaccinated with live varicella vaccine. All received two doses of the vaccine subcutaneously 4 weeks apart. Serum samples were taken before the first dose and 6 weeks after the second dose of vaccine.

Results
Before vaccination, 32 patients were seronegative for varicella and eight were seropositive. Seroconversion was observed 6 weeks after the second dose in 24 of the 32 (75%) seronegative children. In 4 of 8 previously seropositive patients, antibody titres increased after immunisation. Zoster infection occurred 5 weeks after the second dose of vaccine in only one previously seronegative child. 7 children, who had responded to the vaccine, have been exposed to varicella in their families or in school without contracting clinical disease.

Conclusion
Although the small number of patients in our group prevents us from drawing definitive conclusions, the varicella vaccine seems to be well tolerated and can be administered to children with lymphoma and solid tumours undergoing treatment.
Engaging the Animal in the Moving Image
Authors: Porter Pete 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuman engagement with nonhuman animals in motion pictures is a complex process that anthropomorphism and identification misconstrue. A superior model comes from cognitive theories of how spectators engage characters, particularly Smith (1995), who suggests modifications to account for the nuances of spectator engagement with nonhuman animal characters. The central components of this amended model include the person schema, the three types of cues that films use to activate the person schema, and what Smith calls the "Structure of Sympathy." Such a model enables us to understand better the role that moving image representations of nonhuman animals play in human-animal relationships.
Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1766) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1754) nesting activity (2002-2004) at El Cuyo beach, Mexico
Authors: Xavier Raquel , Barata Andre , Cortez Leopoldo Palomo , Queiroz Nuno , Cuevas Eduardo 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The Yucatan Peninsula nesting hawksbill turtles' population (Eretmochelys
imbricata Linnaeus 1766) is the biggest in the Caribbean and fourth in the
world; within the Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve, at El Cuyo beach both
hawksbill and green turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1754) nest. In the
present study, the nesting trend and reproductive output of both species
during three consecutive nesting seasons (2002-2004) was evaluated. Night
patrols from mid April to September allowed the collection of data on number
of nests, nest location and size of females. The number of hawksbill and
green turtles' nests decreased along these seasons. No differences were
found in mean length of female turtles of both species between nesting
seasons. Both species showed high nest site fidelity with average distance
between nests of 3 km for Hawksbill and 1.8 km for Green turtles. The
regression analysis between size and fecundity was significant (p < 0.05)
for both species. The spatial variation of laid nests was also analyzed
revealing that both species nested mainly on the dune zone. Predation has
risen on El Cuyo beach, affecting mostly hawksbills nests. Hurricane Ivan
destroyed the majority of green turtles nests in 2004.
Foraging ecology of the Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko in a residential area in Thailand
Authors: Aowphol Anchalee , Thirakhupt Kumthorn , Nabhitabhata Jarujin , Voris Harold K. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The foraging behavior of Gekko gecko was observed at the visitor complex of
the Khao Khiao Open Zoo at the Khao Khiao-Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary in
Chon Buri Province, Thailand. Foraging parameters of G. gecko (foraging
period, time spent moving, foraging attempts, foraging success, prey size
consumed, and foraging distance) did not vary significantly between males,
females, and juveniles. Individuals foraged between 18:01 and 09:00 hrs.
Peak emergence time was between 18:01 and 20:00 hrs. Peak retreat time was
between 04:01 and 07:00 hrs. Major food items included insects of the orders
Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Coleoptera. Prey sizes of males, females, and
juveniles were not significantly different, indicating no prey size
selection. This may have been due to low insect availability in the habitat.
Gekko gecko tended to be a sit-and-wait forager spending most of the time
waiting for active prey. However, it sometimes foraged more actively when
insect abundance was relatively high. Foraging behavior of males tended to
be more variable than females and juveniles. In addition, variation in
foraging parameters among individuals was noted. Foraging strategies of G.
gecko observed in this study are interpreted in the context of optimal
foraging theory.
On the identity of two Paralongidorus species (Nematoda: Longidoridae) described from Montenegro and Serbia
Authors: Roca Francesco 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSpecimens collected from various localities in Montenegro and Serbia were previously described as Paralongidorus milanis and P. serbicus, respectively. However, SEM studies of the amphidial apertures of paratype females have shown that the species were originally placed in the wrong genus. Both species have pore-like amphidial apertures, not slit-like as in the genus Paralongidorus and they are therefore transferred to the genus Longidorus. Longidorus milanis n. comb. is regarded as a valid species whereas L. serbicus n. comb. is morphologically identical to L. moesicus, small morphometric differences being attributed to intraspecific variations. As a result, L. serbicus n. comb. is proposed as a junior synonym of L. moesicus
Liberal Islam and 'Islam and Human Rights': A Sceptic's View
Authors: Chase Anthony 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLiberal Islam has become increasingly prominent in academic discourse with its argument that Islam is the necessary foundation to human rights in the Muslim world. This article argues that this theoretical premise is misguided. Instead of whether or not the rights regime makes sense given political, economic, and social context in Muslim-majority states, in a liberal Islam paradigm the question becomes whether or not there are convincing doctrinal arguments regarding the place of human rights in Islamic law. This accepts, in essence, the need for literalist religious justifications for human rights, making an argument for rights a dispute over religious doctrine: a dispute that takes place on an elite, juristic field on which reformers have little claim to institutional authority, human rights scant normative power, and that is disconnected from everyday political and normative realities. More dangerously, it risks reifying the notion that Islam monopolizes the Muslim public sphere, rather than leaving space for normative diversity. Human rights foundations must be based in the theoretical premise that political change flows out of inherently pluralistic normative environments, and that this is as true in the Muslim world as it is elsewhere.
Desordre a courte distance dans les phases transitoires resultant de l'activation thermique des montmorillonites
Authors: Delmastro A. , Bachiorrini A. , Murat M. 
Published: November 2006

RésuméDes phases transitoires ont été préparées par activation thermique de deux montmorillonites, l'une calcique et l'autre sodique, dans le domaine de température 650–950°C, puis étudiées par spectroscopie infrarouge. Le coefficient de désordre à courte distance, défini à partir de l'élargissement et l'intensité de certaines bandes caracteristiques, présente ses valeurs maximales avec les phases transitoires obtenues à 800°C et 820–850°C respectivement pour la couche de silice et la couche d'alumine. Ce résultat a pu être corrélé à plusieurs données expérimentales concernant la cinétique de dissolution de ces phases transitoires dans l'acide fluorhydrique dilué ou dans des solutions saturées d'hydroxyde de calcium. En outre, l'accroissement particulièrement marqué du désordre à courte distance mis en évidence au niveau de la transition V→IV de la coordinance de l'aluminium, confirme l'hypothèses émise antérieurement par d'autres auteurs pour expliquer le troisième effet endothermique de faible intensité observé sur les courbes ATD des montmorillonites entre 800° et 900°C.
Mössbauer and chemical investigations of mudrocks
Authors: Davey R. , Curtis C. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe oxidation state and mineralogical distribution of Fe in two different shale sequences have been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and chemical methods. Kimmeridge Clay Formation sediments proved to be richer in total Fe than Gulf Coast shales. In such sediments, Fe may be present in clay minerals (Fe(II) in chlorite, Fe(III) in illite and illite/smectite), pyrite, and ferroan carbonates (siderite, dolomite and ankerite). Pyrite accounts for a much greater proportion of the total Fe in the Kimmeridge Clay samples in which it is difficult to reconcile chemical data with Mössbauer data. There is major doublet overlap of Fe(III) in silicates with Fe(II) in pyrite and spectra cannot be satisfactorily deconvoluted. This would appear to be a fundamental limitation for simple applications. In the pyrite-poor Gulf Coast material, however, chemical and spectroscopic evaluations of overall valence state are much more consistent. Confidence in both determinative techniques is generated, and useful information documenting progressive reduction and redistribution of Fe with burial is obtained.
The effect of temperature on the swelling of montmorillonite
Authors: Zhang F. , Zhang Z. Z. , Low P. F. , Roth C. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the swelling of clay was studied by determining (1) the relation between the interlayer spacing, λ, and the swelling pressure,Π, at different values of the temperature, T, using the method of Viani et al. (1983) as modified by Wu et al. (1989); (2) the relation between λ and T at different values of Π; and (3) the relationship between Π and mw/mc, the mass ratio of water to clay, at different values of T using the method of Low (1980). The results showed that λ was essentially independent of T but that mw/mc decreased slightly with T at any value of Π. Such results are not consistent with electric double-layer theory. Therefore, it was concluded that the decrease in mw/mc with increasing T was due primarily to the thermal breakdown and consequent loss of water from the larger pores outside of the interlayer region.
Pressure Induced Disorder in Kaolinite
Authors: La Iglesia A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChanges caused by pressures between 0 and 20 K bar on two samples of kaolinite have been studied. Increased pressure causes the samples to lose crystallinity, shown by a decrease in the Hinckley, Lietard and reference intensity ratio indices, as well as by the crystallite size measured from the 001 reflection. Results from DTA and solid state NMR show slight or no differences between the compressed and natural samples. Nonetheless, thermogravimetry reveals that the pressure treatment lowers the temperature at which dehydroxylation begins, but, unlike the grinding process, pressure does not alter the OH content of the samples. As a result of the increase in pressure, the IR spectra of the samples show a gradual increase in the intensity of the band at 1104 cm -1 with respect to 1112 cm -1. An increase in intensity can also be observed in the band at 936 cm ~ with respect to the band at 912 cm -1. Examination by electron microscopy reveals the existence of a large number of defects such as fractures, bends and deformations of the sheets, etc.; these are responsible for the decrease in crystallinity.
The Recognition of Amorphous Silica in Indurated Soil Profiles
Authors: Singh Balbir , Gilkes R. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSilica-indurated subsurface horizons of an in situ lateritic profile in semi-arid western Australia were investigated using a range of electron-optical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. These indurated materials were compared with underlying non-indurated pallid zone material. The secondary silica content of the indurated horizons, as determined by electron microprobe analysis, varied from 8 to 33%. Quantitative digital images for secondary silica, generated by mathematical manipulation of digital Si and AI-Kα: images, showed that kaolinite pseudomorphs after mica contained the lowest amounts of secondary silica, with the highest amounts being present in the inter-pseudomorph clay matrix. Variations in the amount of silica in the matrix are considered to reflect variations in the initial porosity of the clay matrix. Such variations may arise from differences in the Al/Si ratio of parent minerals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that amorphous silica adhered to the (001) face of kaolinite crystals. The secondary silica could not be detected by either standard or differential XRD procedures.
Determination of the Cation Exchange Capacity of Clays by Surface Tension Measurements
Authors: Burrafato G. , Miano F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay minerals has been determined by titration of aqueous suspension of clays with hexadecylpyridinium chloride, monitored using surface tension measurements. In order to make the method suitable for an accurate analysis of the CEC of the clays in drilling fluids or in soils, some parameters affecting the CEC determination (e.g. the presence of carboxymethylcellulose, mixing time and measurement device) have been investigated.
A validated gene expression model of high-risk multiple myeloma is defined by deregulated expression of genes mapping to chromosome 1
Authors: Shaughnessy John D. , Zhan Fenghuang , Burington Bart E. , Huang Yongsheng , Colla Simona , Hanamura Ichiro , Stewart James P. , Kordsmeier Bob , Randolph Christopher , Williams David R. , Xiao Yan , Xu Hongwei , Epstein Joshua , Anaissie Elias , Krishna Somashekar G. , Cottler-Fox Michele , Hollmig Klaus , Mohiuddin Abid , Pineda-Roman Mauricio , Tricot Guido , van Rhee Frits , Sawyer Jeffrey , Alsayed Yazan , Walker Ronald , Zangari Maurizio , Crowley John , Barlogie Bart 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
To molecularly define high-risk disease, we performed microarray analysis on tumor cells from 532 newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated on 2 separate protocols. Using log-rank tests of expression quartiles, 70 genes, 30% mapping to chromosome 1 (P < .001), were linked to early disease-related death. Importantly, most up-regulated genes mapped to chromosome 1q, and down-regulated genes mapped to chromosome 1p. The ratio of mean expression levels of up-regulated to down-regulated genes defined a high-risk score present in 13% of patients with shorter durations of complete remission, event-free survival, and overall survival (training set: hazard ratio [HR], 5.16; P < .001; test cohort: HR, 4.75; P < .001). The high-risk score also was an independent predictor of outcome endpoints in multivariate analysis (P < .001) that included the International Staging System and high-risk translocations. In a comparison of paired baseline and relapse samples, the high-risk score frequency rose to 76% at relapse and predicted short postrelapse survival (P < .05). Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that a 17-gene subset could predict outcome as well as the 70-gene model. Our data suggest that altered transcriptional regulation of genes mapping to chromosome 1 may contribute to disease progression, and that expression profiling can be used to identify high-risk disease and guide therapeutic interventions.
4SALE – A tool for synchronous RNA sequence and secondary structure alignment and editing
Authors: Seibel Philipp N , Müller Tobias , Dandekar Thomas , Schultz Jörg , Wolf Matthias 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
In sequence analysis the multiple alignment builds the fundament of all proceeding analyses. Errors in an alignment could strongly influence all succeeding analyses and therefore could lead to wrong predictions. Hand-crafted and hand-improved alignments are necessary and meanwhile good common practice. For RNA sequences often the primary sequence as well as a secondary structure consensus is well known, e.g., the cloverleaf structure of the t-RNA. Recently, some alignment editors are proposed that are able to include and model both kinds of information. However, with the advent of a large amount of reliable RNA sequences together with their solved secondary structures (available from e.g. the ITS2 Database), we are faced with the problem to handle sequences and their associated secondary structures synchronously.

Results
4SALE fills this gap. The application allows a fast sequence and synchronous secondary structure alignment for large data sets and for the first time synchronous manual editing of aligned sequences and their secondary structures. This study describes an algorithm for the synchronous alignment of sequences and their associated secondary structures as well as the main features of 4SALE used for further analyses and editing. 4SALE builds an optimal and unique starting point for every RNA sequence and structure analysis.

Conclusion
4SALE, which provides an user-friendly and intuitive interface, is a comprehensive toolbox for RNA analysis based on sequence and secondary structure information. The program connects sequence and structure databases like the ITS2 Database to phylogeny programs as for example the CBCAnalyzer. 4SALE is written in JAVA and therefore platform independent. The software is freely available and distributed from the website at http://4sale.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Authors: Marini Francesca , Falchetti Alberto , Del Monte Francesca , Carbonell Sala Silvia , Tognarini Isabella , Luzi Ettore , Brandi Maria Luisa 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) is a rare hereditary complex disorder characterized by the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), unilateral or bilateral pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and other hyperplasia and/or neoplasia of different endocrine tissues within a single patient. MEN2 has been reported in approximately 500 to 1000 families worldwide and the prevalence has been estimated at approximately 1:30,000. Two different forms, sporadic and familial, have been described for MEN2. Sporadic form is represented by a case with two of the principal MEN2-related endocrine tumors. The familial form, which is more frequent and with an autosomal pattern of inheritance, consists of a MEN2 case with at least one first degree relative showing one of the characteristic endocrine tumors. Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) is a subtype of MEN2 in which the affected individuals develop only medullary thyroid carcinoma, without other clinical manifestations of MEN2. Predisposition to MEN2 is caused by germline activating mutations of the c-RET proto-oncogene on chromosome 10q11.2. The RET gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is the receptor for glial-derived neurotrophic growth factors. The combination of clinical and genetic investigations, together with the improved understanding of the molecular and clinical genetics of the syndrome, helps the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Currently, DNA testing makes possible the early detection of asymptomatic gene carriers, allowing to identify and treat the neoplastic lesions at an earlier stage. In particular, the identification of a strong genotype-phenotype correlation in MEN2 syndrome may enable a more individualized treatment for the patients, improving their quality of life. At present, surgical treatment offers the only chance of cure and therefore, early clinical and genetic detection and prophylactic surgery in subjects at risk are the main therapeutic goal.
Severe brain injury ICU outcomes are associated with Cranial-Arterial Pressure Index and noninvasive Bispectral Index and transcranial oxygen saturation: a prospective, preliminary study
Authors: Dunham Michael , Ransom Kenneth J , McAuley Clyde E , Gruber Brian S , Mangalat Dev , Flowers Laurie L 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to determine if noninvasive transcranial oxygen saturation (StcO2) and Bispectral Index (BIS) correlate with severe traumatic brain injury intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study. Values of intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), BIS, and StcO2 were recorded hourly for the first six, post-injury days in 18 patients with severe brain injury. Included in the analyses was the Cranial-Arterial Pressure (CAP) Index, which is ICP/(MAP - ICP).

Results
After 1,883 hours of data were analyzed, we found that StcO2 and BIS are associated with survival, good neurological outcome, ICP ≤20, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) ≥60, and CAP index ≤0.30 (p ≤ 0.001). Survival and good outcome are independently associated with BIS ≥60, StcO2 ≥70, and ICP ≤20 (p < 0.0001). BIS ≥60 or StcO2 ≥70 is associated with survival, good outcome, CPP ≥60, ICP ≤20, CAP index ≤0.30, and fewer ICP interventions (p < 0.0001). With BIS ≥60 or StcO2 ≥70, the rate of CPP ≥60 is 97.2% and the rate of ICP≤ 25 is 97.1%. An increased CAP index is associated with death, poor neurological outcome, and increased ICP interventions (p < 0.0001). With CAP index >0.25, MAP is not related to ICP (p = 0.16).

Conclusion
Numerous significant associations with ICU outcomes indicate that BIS and StcO2 are clinically relevant. The independent associations of BIS, StcO2, and ICP with outcomes suggest that noninvasive multi-modal monitoring may be beneficial. Future studies of patients with BIS ≥60 or StcO2 ≥70 will determine if select patients can be managed without ICP monitoring and whether marginal ICP can be observed. An increased CAP index is associated with poor outcome.