bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Responsiveness in MLC Induced by Certain HLA—A Antigens on the Stimulator Cells
Authors: Thomsen M. , Dickmeiss E. , Jakobsen B. K. , Platz P. , Ryder L. P. , Svejgaard A. 
Published: December 2008

An individual, BK, repeatedly gave typing responses against homozygous typing cells representing more than two HLA—D antigens. Family studies showed that she had inherited the HLA—Dw2 and Dw7 determinants, in agreement with results from primed lymphocyte typing. The HLA—A, B, C types of the stimulators giving rise to unexpected typing responses all involved the HLA—A1, A3 or A11 antigens. The hypothesis of this specificity in low‐responsiveness was confirmed in the independent stimulator sample provided by the 7th workshop homozygous typing cell panel. The same pattern was observed when BK was tested as a responder towards related and unrelated heterozygous stimulators.Furthermore, in three‐cell experiments it was found that BK cells were able to suppress the response to the Dw‐identical individual, BS, towards stimulators carrying HLA—A1, A3, or A11. This effect of BK's cells appeared to be radiosensitive. We were not able to demonstrate suppressive supernatant factors in the relevant cultures, neither were we able to find circulating cytotoxic cells by the direct CML‐technique, nor an accelerated cytotoxic response by the indirect CML‐technique against targets carrying HLA—A1 or A3. This is the first demonstration of induction of suppressor cells in MLC by HLA—A, B, C antigens in the stimulator cells.
Transplantation in Miniature Swine. III: Effects of MSLA and A‐O Blood Group Matching on Skin Allograft Survival
Authors: Leight George S. , Kirkman Robert , Rasmusen Benjamin A. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Sachs David H. , Terrill Richard , Williams G. Melville 
Published: December 2008

The fate of split thickness skin allografts between and among major histocompatibility complex (MSLA) homozygous herds of miniature swine has been examined. Among animals matched for all known blood groups, MSLA‐identical skin grafts survived 11.8 ± 0.89 days, while skin grafts from animals differing for one or two haplotypes survived 7.0 ± 0.36 days. Cytotoxic antibodies invariably appeared in the serum of animals rejecting MSLA‐nonidentical grafts, and were never detected among animals rejecting MSLA‐identical grafts.Among the homozygous DD herd, it was possible to assess the effect on skin allograft survival of a defined difference at the A‐O blood group locus. Skin grafts between DD animals identical at the A‐O blood group locus. Skin grafts between DD animals differing at this locus survived 7.66 ± 0.54 days. Blood group O animals rejecting skin from blood group A animals produced a low liter of antibodies which were cytotoxic for donor lymphocytes. These antibodies were at least partially absorbable by donor red cells. An absorption analysis using other blood group‐defined animals of these herds showed that ability to absorb activity segregated with the A blood group.These studies confirm the expectation that MSLA is a major histocompatibility complex of miniature swine, having important implications for the outcome of allografts. In addition, they show that the A‐O blood group, or a locus closely linked to it, is also a histocompatibility locus in pigs, and must be respected in allografting studies.
Transitivity of Response in the Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Test
Authors: Curie‐Cohen Martin , Usinger William R. , Stone William H. 
Published: December 2008

We present a model of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response which assumes one specificity per locus. It also assumes that an animal A will fail to stimulate animal B if, and only if, the set of specificities possessed by A is a subset of the set of specificities in B. The last assumption implies that non‐stimulation is transitive; that is, if A does not stimulate B, and B does not stimulate C, then A will not stimulate C. The inclusion of antigenic sets can be used to partially order the animals in a hierarchy.Partial ordering can detect multiple lymphocyte‐defined (LD) loci with relative ease; it indicates the number of antigens present in particular individuals; and it detects exceptions to the rule of transitivity which may expose immune response genes, minor loci, or other mechanisms that affect MLC response. This analytical procedure is most useful when testing half‐sib families or hybrids sharing a common parental strain.We have applied this procedure to the MLC in cattle half‐sib families and found that the data strongly support the existence of at least four LD loci.
The Operation of Immunological Networks in Graves' Disease
Authors: Farid Nadir R. , Newton R.M. , Noel Elke P. , Barnard J.M. , Marshall W.H. 
Published: December 2008

Association between Graves' disease and HLA—B8 has been previously documented, as have been associations between 1 gG heavy chain allotype markers (Gm). We found a significant increase in the phenotype fnb/fb (ie. positivity for fb) in patients with Graves' diesase compared to controls, raising the possibility of allotypic restriction of thyroid stimulating antibodies thought to be causally related to the disease.The influence of fb on the susceptibility to Graves' disease was found to be independent of HLA—B8 status suggesting that the immunological network operated by the Histocompatibility‐linked genes is independent of that centered around IgG allotypes. It is postulated that, whereas the former genes determine the level of helper T lymphocyte function in the production of thyroid stimulating antibodies in Graves' disease, a person who also happens to carry the Gm marker fb would be assured of the production of IgG antibodies with thyroid stimulatory activity.
HLA Phenotype Frequencies in Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate
Authors: Bonner J. J. , Terasaki P. I. , Thompson P. , Holve L. M. , Wilson L. , Ebbin A. J. , Slavkin H. C. 
Published: December 2008

The HLA types of 133 patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate were determined. Caucasian patients with isolated cleft palate showed a possible association with HLA. Ten of 11 male patients had HLA‐A2 as compared to one out of eight female patients (P < 0.005). Caucasian males with cleft lip and cleft palate had a slight increased frequency of HLA—Aw24 (P= 0.07) and Mexican‐American males with cleft lip and/or cleft palate showed an increase of antigen HLA—A28 (P= 0.07), though neither were statistically significant. Females with cleft lip and/or cleft palate from either racial group had no differences from the controls.The serum from 90 mothers of patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate were reacted against their child's lymphocytes. Of these crossmatch tests, 12% were found to be positive.These preliminary results suggest that male patients with isolated cleft palate are worthy of further studies with respect of HLA associations.
Antinuclear factors in murine alloantisera
Authors: Saunders D. A. , Crowder J. R. , Schultz J. S. 
Published: December 2008

We have demonstrated that anti‐Thy 1.1 and certain H‐2 alloantisera contain an antinuclear factor (ANF) detected by fluorescent antimouse IgG. The incidence of ANF positive antisera that we report may actually be an underestimate. ANF is present in sera not only from our laboratory but also from other sources; thus ANF is not an artifact of our laboratory.ANF is not identical to alloantibody, and the ANF appears to be of an autoimmune nature. A variety of environmental and genetic factors may influence the appearance of ANF in anti‐H‐2 sera, but we believe that the consistent detection of ANF in sera directed against H‐2.31, 34 or against H‐2.4 suggests that some specific aspect of immune stimulation by these H‐2 antigens, and likely by other H‐2 antigenic specifications, induces the appearance of ANF. It is not known whether it is these K and D antigens or other determinants associated with the H‐2 complex that may actually provide the immune stimulation for ANF induction. The particular mechanisms that may be operating to induce ANF cannot be determined at present. We are continuing with experiments to define what parameters influence the appearance of ANF in alloantisera.
The influence of HLA‐A, B compatibility on the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation in Stockholm during 1970–1980
Authors: Berg Bengt 
Published: December 2008

The influence of HLA‐A, B‐matching on the results of 362 cadaver renal transplantations was analyzed. Of these, 34 of the patients had diabetes and 105 were 55 years old or more. The case material was divided into groups, based on the number of HLA‐A, B incompatibilities. The occurence of factors having a possible bearing on kidney graft survival was determined in each match group. It was found that several of these factors, such as the immunosuppressive agents given and the number of high‐risk patients, were unequally distributed in the various groups. This may be related to changes in policy that have occured since the transplant unit was moved to Huddinge Hospital in November 1973. In order to obtain homogeneous case material, the Huddinge series was analyzed separately.A significant difference in survival was found in both materials between transplants with 2 or less incompatibilities and those with more than 2 incompatibilities. A significant difference in patient survival between these two groups was found in the total case material.
HLA antigens and affective illness
Authors: Propert David N. , Tait Brian D. , Davies Brian 
Published: December 2008

HLA‐A and B locus antigens were determined in 96 affectively ill persons including 25 unipolar and 47 bipolar patients. The frequency of HLA‐A2S is higher than in controls in each patient group. HLA‐Bw16 is present with an elevated frequency among the unipolar patients. These differences are no longer significant when corrected for the number of antigens tested.The literature on HLA antigens in affective illnesses is reviewed and possible reasons for the seemingly conflicting results found to date are briefly discussed.
HLA antigens and Bf allotypes in SLE: evidence for the association being with specific haplotypes
Authors: Black C. M. , Welsh K. I. , Fielder A. , Hughfs G. R. V. , Batchelor J. R. 
Published: December 2008

The clinical features and HLA types of 67 unrelated patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) were analyzed. The results showed:1. An increase in frequencies of A1, B8, and DR3. These antigens are in close linkage disequilibrium and our data show that susceptibility to SLE is associated with the presence of all three antigens, implicating the specific haplotype which bears these antigens.2. An increase in frequency of DR2, but not A3 or B7, these latter two antigens being in linkage disequilibrium with DR2.3. 73.3% of the 54 Caucasoid SLE group were either B8 and/or DR2. This is in comparison with 37.5% in the controls and the difference is significant (p < 0.001).4. There was no association apparent between extent of disease, particular organ involvement and level of circulating antibodies to double stranded DNA with any HLA region product.
HLA—DR specificities among Japanese with several autoimmune diseases
Authors: Sakurami Takehiko , Ueno Yukio , Iwaki Yuichi , Park Min S. , Tsrasako Paul I. , Saji Hiroo , Louie Shirley , Takemura Steve 
Published: December 2008

HLA—A,—B,—C, and—DR antigens were determined in order to study the association of HLA in Japanese patients with several autoimmune diseases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and Hodgkin's disease.The frequency of HLA—DR4 was significantly increased in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile‐onset insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. In this study, no significant associations with A, B, or C specificities were observed except BW22 in IDDM. In contrast, the negative association with HLA—DR2 was observed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, pemphigus vulgaris and hypertrophic non‐obstructuve cardiomyopathy.
Competitive inhibition of T‐cell mediated lympholysis by platelets
Authors: Kristensen Tom , Mossin Jette 
Published: December 2008

Platelets are known to possess serologically detectable HLA‐A, B, C (class I) antigens, but not HLA‐DR (class II) antigens. We have used platelets as non‐labelled (cold) competitors for cell‐mediated lympholysis directed against determinants on PHA (3 days) and PWM (7 days) 51Cr‐labelled (hot) lymphoblasts, i.e. T and B lymphoblasts, respectively.It is found that platelets are able to incompletely inhibit cytolysis against T‐lymphoblasts, but not B‐lymphoblasts. The inhibition is immunologically specific in the sense that only platelets autologous to the original stimulator cell block, while platelets autologous to the original responder cell do not. The immunogenetic specificity of platelet blocking is unknown at present, since no allogeneic third party platelets have been investigated. It is further found that platelets do not inhibit cytolysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes previously qualified to identify HLA‐non A, B, C, D/DR determinants on T‐lymphoblasts.Like in serology, platelets have to mature (≥ 7 days) in order to obtain optimal results. Since platelets are easy to procure and maintain their reactivity for months by simple storage in saline at 4°C, platelets may be used to screen for cell‐mediated lympholysis against HLA‐class 1, II or “new” determinants.
Allo‐antibodies to an antigenic determinant shared by HLA‐A2 and B17
Authors: Claas Frans , Castelli‐Visser Ria , Schreuder Ieke , Rood Jonvan 
Published: December 2008

Recently, McMichael et al. (1980) described a monoclonal antibody that recognized a new specificity common to HLA‐A2 and B17. They thought that this epitope could only be seen by xeno‐antisera and not by allo‐antisera.Here, three allo‐antisera which also recognize antigenic determinants shared by HLA‐A2 and B17 are described.
Increased frequency of HLA‐Aw19 in Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Brenner S. , Krakowski A. , Schewach‐Millet M. , Ronen M. , Orgad S. , Gazit E. 
Published: December 2008

Nineteen Kaposi's sarcoma patients were typed for their HLA, antigen phenotype frequency. HLA—Aw 19 was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.001), and the relative risk for those carrying this antigen was 5.95.The relevance of the increased frequency of Aw‐19 in cancer is discussed.
THE USE OF AN ANTIGRAVITY SUIT IN NEUROSURGERY
Authors: Freuchen Ib P. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSome neurosurgeons prefer to perform certain operations with the patient in the sitting position. Owing to the hydrostatic pressure, the missing muscle pump function and the obstruction of the regulation of the circulation, this position impedes the circulation in causing pooling of blood in the lower extremities.To meet these difficulties, the author has employed an anti‐g suit, which, inflated with air, exerts a pressure on the patient's legs and lower part of the abdomen. The suit renders it possible to maintain constant values for pulse rate and blood pressure and thereby maintain optimum conditions for the circulation.
EFFECT OF PROCAINE, CARBOCAIN AND XYLOCAINE ON CUTANEOUS MUSCLE IN RABBITS AND MICE
Authors: Brun Arne 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe rabbit's skin was studied for its reaction to subcutaneous injection of procaine, xylocaine and carbocain without adrenaline. The histological examination was extended to include an objective recording of the influence of the agent on the muse, cutaneus maximus by measurement of the diameters of the muscle fibres. These three local anaesthetics produced an essentially equally strong subcutaneous inflammatory reaction in concentrations between 0.5 and 2 per cent., while a clear difference was found in the intracutaneous reaction. Xylocaine in concentrations 0.25‐2 per cent, regularly produced inflammation and necrosis in the skin muscle. This reaction increased with the concentration of the agent tested. Two days after the injection of 1–2 per cent, xylocaine definite atrophy of the muscle fibres was demonstrable. Carbocain produced the same effect. Procaine (1–2 per cent.) produced no inflammatory irritation in the musculature and no muscular atrophy. An inflammatory reaction and degenerative changes in the skin musculature after the injection of xylocaine were also seen in mice.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ANESTHESIA METHODS ON EOSINOPENIC RESPONSE TO SURGICAL STRESS
Authors: Järvinen Pentti A. , Kivalo Inkeri , Vara Paavo 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYUsing the reaction of circulating eosinophils as an indicator, the authors studied the influence of three different anesthesia meshods (closed system, open ether and spinal anesthesia) on the surgical stress as a function of the duration of operation. The material studied consisted of 435 gynecological cases.The open ether method proved to be slightly more stressful to the patient than the other two methods used.
THE EFFECT OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE ON THE ORBITAL MUSCULATURE OF THE CAT
Authors: Wretlind A. , Wåhlin Å. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYWith the use of new recording methods the effects of succinylcholine on the smooth musculature of the orbit were investigated in more than 30 cats anaesthetized with allobarbitone. The methods render it possible to study the retrobulbar smooth musculature of the nictitating membrane and the orbitin situ.Succinylcholine relaxes the smooth muscles in the orbit, and this results in a retraction of the eyeball together with a lateral movement of the nictitating membrane.The rise in intra‐ocular pressure under the influence of succinylcholine cannot be explained by any muscular factor in the orbit either from the striated or from the smooth extraocular muscles.In contrast to succinylcholine, curare does not produce retraction of the eyeball, lateral movement of the nictitating membrane or a rise in intra‐ocular pressure.
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
Authors: Foldes Francis F. , Crawford J. Selwyn 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe experiences obtained with the use of epidural block in 218 gynecological and obstetrical patients have been analyzed. It is concluded that although epidural block does not offer any definite advantages over subarachnoid block during surgery, the incidence and severity of postoperative complications are much less with epidural block than are those associated with subarachnoid block. Because of this and because of the ever‐increasing reluctance of patients and their relatives to permit the use of subarachnoid block, the well‐trained anesthesiologist should be familiar with this method despite its technical difficulties.
THE ACTION OF SUCGINYLCHOLINE ON THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD VESSELS OF THE CAT
Authors: Wåhlin ÅKe 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThis study was prompted by the observation of profuse bleeding of the oozing type during operations in which succinylcholine is used.The effect of succinylcholine on the peripheral blood flow has been studied in the cat under general anaesthesia. An extracorporeal recording technique was used. The agent was administered into the femoral artery and the superior mesenteric artery by intra‐arterial injection.An increase in the peripheral blood flow to twice the initial value was observed after doses of the agent which were regarded as clinical inasmuch as they produced respiratory paralysis. Effect on the blood flow was obtained with doses as small as 0.003 mg/kg body weight.The increase in the blood flow may be ascribed primarily to dilatation of the vessels, and is thus due to relaxation of the smooth musculature in the blood‐vessel walls.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiese Untersuchung wurde veranlasst durch die Beobachtung profuser parenchymatöser Blutungen während Operationen, bei denen Succinylcholin zur Anwendung kam.Die Wirkung von Succinylcholin auf den peripheren Blutstrom wurde bei der Katze in Allgemeinnarkose studiert. Dabei wurde eine extracorporeale Registriermethode angewendet. Das Mittel wurde mittels Injektion in die Femoralarterie oder die A. mesenterica sup. verabreicht.Eine Vermehrung des peripheren Blutstromes bis zum doppelten des Ausgangswertes wurde beobachtet nach Dosen des Mittels, welche insofern als klinisch betrachtet werden mussten, als sie eine Atemlähmung hervorriefen. Noch mit Dosen von 0.003 mg/kg Körpergewicht wurde eine Wirkung auf den peripheren Blutstrom gesehen.Die vermehrte periphere Durchblutung muss vor allem einer Gefässdilatation zugeschrieben werden und ist somit wohl durch eine Erschlaffung der glatten Muskulatur in der Gefässwand bedingt.
POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND COMPLICATIONS AFTER TRACHEOTOMY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: A Clinical and Experimental Study
Authors: Toremalm Nils Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA continuous uniform post‐tracheotomy care adopted in a hospital with more than 200 tracheotomies annually is described. No noteworthy complications were seen in 25 consecutive cases of children under 10 years of age. The results are compared with earlier statistics, and prophylactic steps are discussed.Heat and moisture exchangers for connection with the tracheal cannula have been constructed and tested both experimentally and clinically. They are able to treble the absolute humidity of inspired room air, and good clinical results were obtained, even in cases where ordinary steam therapy proved ineffective. The dead spaces and air‐flow resistances of the apparatuses are made equal to that of the upper respiratory tract, which seems to be an additional improvement, facilitating normal respiration after decannulation.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine einheitliche Art der Behandlung und Pflege tracheotomierter Patienten die an einem Krankenhause mit über 200 Tracheotomien jährlich angewandt wird, wird beschrieben. Bei 25 aufeinanderfolgenden Tracheotomien, die an Kindern unter 10 Jahren ausgeführt wurden, traten keine nennenswerten Komplikationen auf. Die Resultate werden mit früheren Statistiken verglichen und prophylaktische Massnahmen werden diskutiert.Zur Befeuchtung und Erwärmung der Einatmungsluft wurden an die Trachealkanülen gekoppelte Feuchtigkeits‐ und Wärmespeichereinrichtungen konstruiert und sowohl klinisch als auch experimentell erprobt. Es ergab sich, dass diese kleinen Feuchtigkeits‐ und Wärmespeicher die absolute Feuchtigkeit der Zimmerluft verdreifachen konnten, und es wurden auch bei Fällen, in denen sich gewöhnliche Dampftherapie als unzureichend erwies, gute klinische Resultate erzielt. Der Totraum und der Luftwiderstand wurden den Verhältnissen in den oberen Luftwegen angeglichen, hierdurch lässt sich offenbar eine Erleichterung im Übergang zur Normalatmung nach Entfernung der Kanüle erreichen.
NINHYDRIN TEST—AN OBJECTIVE METHOD FOR TESTING LOCAL ANAESTHETIC DRUGS
Authors: Dhunér K. G. , Edshage S. , Wilhelm A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAn objective method for testing local anaesthetic drugs in human test subjects with the Ninhydrin print technique is described. The method is reliable in ulnar, median and finger nerve blocks. It is of more limited value in other blocks or for skin wheals, where it must be used together with the subjective neurological tests.A comparison between this method and the conventional technique used in ulnar nerve blocks was made. We feel that the Ninhydrin test is superior to the pin‐prick method in testing local anaesthesia.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird eine objektive Methode zur Testung von Lokalanaestheticis an Versuchspersonen beschrieben: die Ninhydrin Fingerabdruck‐Technik. Die Methode ist verlasslich beim Ulnaris‐, Medianus‐ und beim Fingerblock. Sie hat einen etwas begrenzteren Wert bei anderen Nervblocks und bei Haut‐quaddeln. In diesen Fällen muss sie zusammen mit subjektiven neurologischen Tests angewendet werden.Es wurde ein Vergleich zwischen dieser Methode und den konventionellen Techniken beim Block des N. ulnaris angestellt. Wir haben den Eindruck, dass der Ninhydrin‐Test der Nadelstichmethode bei der Testung von Lokalanaestheticis überlegen ist.