bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic and secretory antibody response of atopic and non‐atopic individuals to intranasally administered tetanus toxoid
Authors: SALVAGGIO JOHN E. , WALDMAN R. H. , FRUCHTMAN M. H. , WIGLEY F. M. , JOHNSON J. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGroups of atopic and non‐atopic individuals were immunized intranasally with fluid tetanus toxoid, an antigen which normally does not gain access to the nasal cavity. Anti‐tetanus toxoid antibody response was evaluated in nasal wash, sputum and serum specimens by passive haemagglutination.Titres were high in serum and low in exocrine fluids throughout the course of immunization. Mean nasal wash titres rose to a significantly higher level in the normal than in the atopic group. Twelve of twenty normal subjects responded with a greater than three‐fold rise in nasal antibody as opposed to one of nineteen atopic individuals. Exocrine anti‐toxoid haemagglutinating activity was inhibited by anti‐IgA but not by anti‐IgM or IgE, suggesting that the bulk of secretory antibody was IgA.
Metabolic changes in exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: BARBORIAK J. J. , SOSMAN A. J. , FINK J. N. , MAKSUD M. G. , McCONNELL L. H. , HAMILTON L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFive patients with a history of post‐exercise bronchoconstriction and eleven control subjects were exposed to gradually increasing work loads on a bicyle ergometer. The asthmatic patients showed higher blood lactic acid levels at all work loads than the control subjects. In contrast to findings in the controls, the plasma free fatty acid in the asthmatics failed to ‘rebound’ following the cessation of exercise; and in two out of three patients plasma FFA did not rise after epinephrine injection. In addition, the asthmatic patients consumed less oxygen during the exercise than the controls.The results of this study suggest that patients with post‐exercise asthma may have to rely more on carbohydrates as the main source of energy because of the reduced availability of FFA. Since the consumption of oxygen is also reduced, this may lead to a higher lactate production.
Farmer's lung: a comparison of simple diagnostic techniques and antigen preparation in human and bovine disease
Authors: DICK HEATHER M. , DAWSON CHRISTINE O. , CAMPBELL J. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe detection of precipitins to Micropolyspora faeni antigens by simple serological techniques was studied with human and bovine sera. We present data on the relative sensitivities of two gel‐diffusion tests, one large‐scale, the other using semi‐micro methods to conserve antigen in the diagnosis of human and bovine disease. Eight antigenic preparations of M. faeni are described, together with the detailed serology of eight human cases of farmer's lung. The results indicate that the use of more than one antigenic preparation is necessary in any screening programme for the detection of precipitins to M. faeni in either the human or bovine disease.
Allergenic activity of cat and dog skin fractions obtained by Sephadex gel filtration
Authors: HOLFORD‐STREVENS VALERIE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllergens derived from domestic mammals have been investigated by subjecting extracts of cat and dog skin to Sephadex gel filtration and assessing the activity of the eluted fractions by skin tests in appropriate allergic subjects. A certain heterogeneity of allergenic activity occurred and minor allergens, with an estimated molecular weight greater than 70,000, were found which showed activity in patients highly sensitive to cat and dog serum proteins. The major allergens of both mammalian skin extracts were eluted in similar positions between protein markers of 24,000 and 67,000 molecular weight.
The effect of oral and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on adrenal function
Authors: HARRIS D. M. , MARTIN L. E. , HARRISON C. , JACK D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBeclomethasone dipropionate differs from other steroids previously tried by inhalation in bronchial asthma in having marked topical potency and relatively weak systemic glucocorticoid effects. Experiments in human volunteer subjects demonstrating the effect of this steroid on the hypothalamo‐pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis) are described. These are part of a larger investigation into the reasons for the selectivity of beclomethasone dipropionate in bronchial asthma. From the evidence so far obtained, it may be concluded that suppression of the HPA axis is unlikely to occur at doses up to 1.0 mg/per day by inhalation.
Skin tests and atopic allergy in children
Authors: SMITH JOHN MORRISON 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe onset of asthma has been found to follow a similar pattern in boys and girls. Eczema is associated with early onset of asthma, with frequent positive skin reactions and with a history of food allergy. Wealing reactions to inhalant allergens are commoner in later childhood and are more often large, exceeding 5 mm in diameter, in children over 5 than in those under 5. Skin reactions to foods are also more common in older children but large reactions to foods show less tendency to be commoner over the age of 5. Children born in tropical countries had less atopic disease than children of similar race born in England or than English children. Although asthmatic children, wherever they were born, frequently gave positive skin reactions to mite extracts it is possible that the total ‘allergic bombardment’ to which children are exposed in England is greater than it is in tropical countries and that this may explain the difference in prevalence of atopic disease which is not explainable on genetic grounds.
Asthma in Barbados
Authors: PEARSON R. S. BRUCE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA comparison of clinical features is made between 143 Barbadian asthmatics and the same number of British asthmatics matched for age and sex. The incidence of family history was significantly higher in the Barbadian group, and this appears to depend on a greater number of siblings and children with asthma. Flexural eczema is less common in Barbadian asthmatics, though allergic rhinitis occurred equally commonly in both countries. Sensitivity to house dust is the commonest form of allergy in Barbados, and allergy to pollen, moulds, animal hair and feathers appears to be relatively unimportant.
Serum IgE levels and the use of sodium cromoglycate (BP) in hay fever: a study of forty‐six patients from a single general practice
Authors: MANNERS B. , EZEOKE A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a double blind trial of nasal spray of sodium cromoglycate (DSCG) for hay fever, fifteen of twenty‐three patients taking the drug were helped, compared with thirteen of twenty‐three receiving placebo—a statistically insignificant difference. Serum levels of IgE were raised in thirty‐eight of forty‐four patients examined. There was no significant difference between preseasonal and seasonal serum IgE levels in either of the DSCG or the placebo group. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients showing peripheral blood or nasal secretion eosinophilia during the hay fever season. There was no significant difference in the frequency of nasal secretion eosinophilia between those taking DSCG and those taking placebo. It is concluded that DSCG spray does not affect serum IgE levels or eosinophilia of either peripheral blood or nasal secretions under the conditions applying in this trial. Neither was DSCG significantly better than placebo in controlling symptoms.
The role of gluten, milk, and other dietary proteins in chronic or intermittent dyspepsia
Authors: POCK‐STEEN O. CH. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn twenty‐seven patients with chronic or intermittent dyspepsia raised levels of the gamma‐M‐globulin and of the α1‐ and of the α2‐globulin were encountered. Malabsorption, present in about three‐quarters of the cases, was usually mild. Various degrees of villous abnormalities were seen but no flat mucosa. Eight patients also had dermatitis.During dietary treatment with the elimination of gluten, milk, or other food elements the dyspepsia and the malabsorption subsided in all but two, and the dermatitis in all but one. In nearly all the investigated cases the raised levels of the gamma‐M‐globulin and of the α1‐ and of the α2‐globulin decreased.During challenge feeding with the offending food the dyspepsia and the dermatitis reappeared. Also the faecal fat excretion increased again, and a rise was noticed in the α1‐ and in the α2‐globulins and in the gamma‐M‐globulins.The findings suggest that gluten, milk and other dietary proteins may play a role in some chronic dyspepsias by exerting an antigenic stimulus on the small intestinal mucosa, and thus inducing a state of hypersensitivity towards these foods.The clinical and laboratory findings favour the view that the condition is different from coeliac disease
Allergy to snake venom: the use of radioimmunoassay for the detection of IgE antibodies against antigens not suitable for cutaneous tests
Authors: KELLY JOSEPH F. , PATTERSON ROY 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA case of a severe immediate‐type respiratory reaction to rattlesnake venom is reported. Reaginic antibody to the snake venom was demonstrated in the patient's serum by long latency passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in a monkey. IgE antibody against the venom was demonstrated in the patient's serum by a solid phase radioimmunoassay.This report confirms the immediate‐type respiratory reactions that have been observed by others. The study also confirms that these reactions are associated with reaginic antibodies against the venom and that these antibodies are probably of the IgE class. It thus appears most likely that this patient's reaction was due to IgE reaginic antibody. In vitro assays for specific IgE activity may be particularly valuable in cases where antigen may be toxic for skin testing.
The effect of frequent administration of sodium cromoglycate to asthmatic children who previously responded poorly
Authors: KÖNIG P. , GODFREY S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of an increased frequency of administration of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) was studied in twenty‐four asthmatic children who had previously responded poorly to 3–4 capsules per day. Six out of seven children who were assessed clinically alone improved when their dose was raised to 6 capsules daily. When a diary score and bronchodilator consumption were recorded, the more frequent administration of SCG gave significantly better results in eleven of seventeen children. However, only five of the twelve children given peak flow meters to use twice daily at home showed objective improvement.At the beginning of the trial four children were on systemic corticosteroid treatment and two of them were weaned off while on the raised dosage of SCG. The other two were not improved and were treated with a corticosteroid aerosol, beclomethasone diproprionate (Becotide), as were two other SCG failures. There was no clear correlation between the duration of protection given by SCG on exercise testing and the clinical response in this trial.The fact that only four out of twenty‐four children who previously did not respond satisfactorily to SCG eventually needed corticosteroids, suggests that the increased frequency of administration may reduce the proportion of children failing to respond to SCG.
Hypersensitivity responses in monkeys
Authors: FEINBERG S. M. , FEINBERG A. R. , LEE F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe challenge of a naturally occurring antibody (to ascaris) in the monkey produced either a marked or total inactivation of a passively transferred human reaginic antibody (to ragweed). A strong single challenge (ascaris, 48‐80 or histamine) reduced the titre of reactivity of the three agents, but the greatest effect appeared to result from the ascaris challenge on the ascaris titre. These findings may support the occurrence of specific desensitization in addition to mediator depletion. It is concluded that in monkeys as well as in man studies dealing with relationships between antigen–antibody systems, mediator releasers and mediators must take into consideration the non‐specific modification of injury to antibodies produced by heterologous antigen‐antibody reactions and mediators.
Photo‐inactivated allergens
Authors: HÉNOCQ E. , GARCELON M. , BERRENS L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPurified house dust allergen irradiated with UV‐light loses its capacity to elicit immediate type skin and bronchial provocation reactions in the majority of asthmatic patients. However, in some patients both immediate and/or late bronchial reactions were observed to the active house dust and its inactivated counterpart.Immunotherapy with UV‐irradiated house dust allergen, which hyposensitized 66% of forty‐eight asthmatic patients allergic to house dust, was as effective as treatment with aluminium oxide‐adsorbed active house dust, and there were fewer adverse side‐effects.
Development of the immune response
Authors: HAYWARD A. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe association of immunodeficiency with allergy is increasingly recognized. It is likely that defective antigen handling as a consequence of subtle degrees of immunodeficiency could predispose an individual to clinical allergy. Patterns of antigen handling established at first contact after birth with an antigen may affect the course of immune responses to the same antigen in subsequent years. It is in this context that the maturity of immunity mechanisms in the perinatal period is particularly relevant.
Changes in serum antibody levels during treatment with grass pollen‐tyrosine adsorbate
Authors: JOHANSSON S. G. O. , MILLER A. C. M. L. , OVFRELL B. G. , WHEELER A. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAtopic subjects treated with pollen‐tyrosine showed increased IgG and IgE antibody levels; in the second year of treatment the IgE response was suppressed.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the lung with sawdust and horse‐protein hypersensitivity
Authors: GIRARD J. P. , BOUZAKOURA C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA typical case of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma, ascertained by lung biopsy, is reported. Immunological studies showed multiple hypersensitivity against wood dust extracts, horse serum, horse hair and danders proteins. Inhalation of these two groups of substances reproduced most of the acute symptoms of the disease. Therefore, a causal relationship seemed highly probable.To our knowledge, this is the first case of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma in which an allergic origin could be substantiated.
Asthma amongst Tristan da Cunha islanders
Authors: MANTLE JOHN , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe incidence of asthma amongst Tristan da Cunha islanders was recorded over a period of 16 months. Thirty‐two per cent of the islanders gave a history of asthma, and 22% had one or more attacks during the survey period. Three‐quarters of the affected islanders had mild asthma. Both the incidence and severity of asthma on Tristan have declined since 1944.Over half the asthmatics were allergic to house dust extracts on skin testing; so was a large proportion of non‐asthmatic islanders. Large numbers of house dust mites are present in Tristan dust, but airborne allergens are scarce. Total TgE levels were greater than normal in the serum of twenty‐three of sixty‐seven islanders investigated. Allergy was thought to be the main cause of asthma in about a third of the active asthmatics.The high incidence of asthma on Tristan derives from two or three asthmatics amongst the fifteen ancestors of this highly inbred community. Nevertheless, asthma on Tristan, as elsewhere, seems to have a multifactorial aetiology.
Glutaraldehyde‐pollen‐tyrosine: clinical and immunological studies
Authors: JOHANSSON S. G. O. , MILLER A. C. M. L. , MULLAN N. , OVERELL B. G. , TEES E. C. , WHEELER A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGrass pollen extract was reacted with glutaraldehyde, and used in the form of a lyrosine adsorbate for the treatment of hay fever. The incidence of systemic reactions was reduced by the chemical treatment to negligible levels, permitting the therapeutic‐schedule to be reduced to three doses without impairment of clinical effectiveness. The levels of pollen‐specific IgG antibody induced by the chemically modified material were similar to those induced by pollen‐tyrosine or by alum‐precipitated pyridine extract. The increase in IgE antibody induced by glutaraldehyde‐pollen‐tyrosine was lower than that induced by pollen‐tyrosine: only the falter achieved significance.
IgE—antibodies and skin test reactions to a detergent—enzyme in Swedish consumers
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM OLLE , WIDE LEIF 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe frequency of raised levels of IgE antibodies against a detergent enzyme—subtilisin‐A—was investigated in adult Swedish consumers. Of 1132 patient sera which were sent to the laboratory for routine RAST testing against various allergens a positive RAST to subtilisin was found in twenty‐one (1.9%). Of 391 blood donors two had a positive RAST and one a doubtfully positive reaction. A positive prick test to subtilisin was obtained in four out of 122 patients with symptoms of allergic airways disease. Sensitization occured more often among patients with an atopic constitution. About four out of five of the patients in whom IgE antibodies to the enzyme was found were women. Thirty‐five patients (seventeen with a positive and eighteen with a negative RAST to subtilisin) were further investigated in order to see if results of RAST and skin test with subtilisin were correlated with clinical symptoms. Eight patients with positive RAST and skin test reported symptoms of an immediate allergic type in connection with exposure to enzyme detergents. Three patients had symptoms which could be attributed to residues of subtilisin in the laundry after washing. In six patients the sensitization did not seem to have any clinical significance. Taking into account the general use of enzyme detergents, sensitization has not been found to be a major clinical problem.
The effect of intra‐nasal beclomethasone dipropionate on adrenal function
Authors: HARRIS D. M. , MARTIN L. E. , HARRISON C. , JACK D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBeclomethasone dipropionate has recently been shown to be effective in controlling the nasal symptoms of hay fever at doses similar to those required to control bronchial asthma. Experiments in human volunteer subjects are described demonstrating the effect of this steroid by intra‐nasal, and combined intra‐nasal and inhaled administration on the Hypothulamo‐Pituitary‐Adrenal axis (HPA axis).From the evidence obtained suppression of the HPA axis is less likely following intra‐nasal administration, than after the inhaled or oral routes. It may be concluded that suppression of the HPA axis is unlikely unless concurrent doses in excess of I mg a day by both routes are used.
Immunoglobin E and eosinophil levels in atopic and non‐atopic populations infested with hookworm
Authors: GROVE D. I. , BURSTON T. O. , FORBES I. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMeasurements of serum IgE and blood eosinophil levels were carried out on subjects in the Eastern Highlands District of Papua New Guinea, an area of universal hookworm infestation. Subjects were divided into asthmatic, non‐asthmatic atopic, and normal groups on the basis of clinical features and immediate hypersensitivity reactions to skin prick testing with a range of allergens. Serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils were elevated in all groups as compared with values found in temperate zones. Both parameters were significantly higher in the asthmatic and non‐asthmatic groups compared with the normal group. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a function of the IgE immune system is protection against helminth infestation.
The in vivo effect of theophylline on histamine release from human leucocytes
Authors: LEFFERT FRED 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe release of chemical mediators from sensitized cells is inhibited by drugs which increase intra‐cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Theophylline. which increases cyclic AMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase, has been shown to inhibit mediator release in several in vitro systems. This study was undertaken to determine whether theophylline. as used for asthma therapy, would have this effect in vivo in humans. In three of six atopic subjects, inhibition of mediator release (as studied with the leucocyte hislamine release system) could be demonstrated after theophylline given orally in dosage commonly employed in asthma, This suggests that, in some asthmatic patients, theophylline may have beneficial effects other than bronchodilatalion.
IgE antibodies in sera of patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: ARBESMAN CARL E. , WICHER KONRAD , WYPYCH JOHN I. , RETSMAN ROBERT E. , DICKIE HELEN , REED CHARLES E. 
Published: April 2006

Summary(1) Elevated IgE antibody to A.fumigatus is present in most patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, but not in the sera of patients with a variety of pulmonary conditions that contain A. fumigatus precipitins.(2) The RAST assays for measuring IgE antibodies to this antigen are relatively simple to perform and have a practical clinical value.(3) The exact pathophysiologic role of these IgE antibodies is not yet denned, and several hypotheses are proposed.
Inhalation challenge tests in asthma: an assessment of spirometry, maximum expiratory flow rates and plethysmography in measuring the responses
Authors: HAYDU S. P. , EMPEY D. W. , HUGHES D. T. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe use of different tests of airways obstruction to measure responses to inhalation of antigen by twenty‐five asthmatic patients is described. On all occasions but one, when there were symptoms there was a significant fall in either vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). In no case without symptoms was there a significant fall in maximum expiratory flow rates, specific conductance or spirometric tests. It is unlikely that the use of maximum expiratory flow curves or plethysmography have any advantages over spirometry or peak expiratory flow rate in recording reaction to inhalation challenge perse, though they may show greater per cent changes from the initial value than these simpler tests. The possible reasons for this are discussed.
A fine structure study of some cellular components in allergic reactions
Authors: TROTTER C. M. , ORR T. S. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySkin samples from patients with Urticaria pigmentosa, Urticaria both spontaneous and induced, and from normal individuals has been examined and mast cell ullrastructure described. The features of mast cells in skin are compared with those in nasal and bronchiolar tissue and distinguishing features areas follows. (1) Skin mast cells tend to have longer villous extensions of plasma membrane. (2) Granules in skin mast cells have very frequent crystalline inclusions; these are uncommon in other tissues examined so far.Degranulation of the mast cells was observed and appears similar to that seen in other tissues.
Investigation of the response to some haptenic determinants in penicillin allergy by skin and in vitro allergy tests
Authors: ASSEM E. S. K. , VICKERS MARGARET R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe role of three penicillin metabolites in human allergic reaction to penicillin has been assessed using sensitive in vitro tests in addition to skin testing. Conjugates of the benzylpenicilloyl (BPO), benzylpenicillenate (BPE) and penicillamine (PA) groups with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine gamma globulin (BOG) have been made. In the passive haemagglutination test antibodies specific for all three determinants were found but there was no difference between allergic and non‐allergic groups. However, the ratio IgG/IgM, specific for each determinant, was higher in normals than in allergies. In skin tests, histamine release from leucocytes and the lymphocyte transformation test, the BPO group was confirmed as the major determinant, but in some individuals the BPE or PA groups are more important.