bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Decontamination, Algae Inhibition, and Pollution Resistance of Emergent Plant System in Eutrophic Water
Authors: Shenglan Ye , Juan Li , Wu Dan , Lu Zhang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

With the development of cities and economic growth, the eutrophication of urban park landscape water has become a hot topic in environmental governance and research at home and abroad. Through the simulation experiment of water pollution, the effect of plant micro system built by aquatic plant on the ability of algae suppression in eutrophic water was studied. The results show that the micro system formed by different types of water plant can be reduced and stabilized the pH value of the rich and enriched water bodies. The pH of Lythrum salicaria L. group (Q) and Iris tectorum Maxim group (Y) group is the lowest. They are 7.34 and 7.48, which is significantly lower than the plant less group (CK). Different treatments have effectively reduced the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water body. At the end of the experiment, the total nitrogen content of Y dropped from 9.49 to 3.21 mg∙L− 1, and the removal rate reached 66.2%; the total phosphorus removal rate of the water body phosphorus of different types of aquatic plants was 59.1%⁓81.3%, which was significantly higher than that of CK. Among them, the total phosphorus removal rate of Y treatment is the best, and it is significantly different from the CK. At the end of the experiment, chl a content in group Y was the lowest which was 6.6 mg∙L− 1. It decreased by 37.1% and 54.1% compared to the initial value and CK, respectively. It showed significant differences compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). At the same time, the content of proline and malondialdehyde in plants of Y, Q, and Nelumbo SP. group(H) significantly increased in eutrophic water, with group Y plants showing the highest increase, with increases of 28.6% and 39.8%, respectively. Different micro-systems formed by different water plants can improve water quality conditions and inhibit the reproduction of algae in the water. Among them, the effect of planting Iris tectorum Maxim group is the best.
Mechanical Behavior and Waterproof Performance of Longitudinal Section of Tunnel Segment Joint Gasket
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xie Li , Zhao Zhirong , Zhao WeiGang , Ma Yan , Shi Longhe , Zhang Zihang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In the construction stage, due to construction errors and longitudinal differential settlement during tunnel operation, the amount of dislocation and opening at the segment joint increases, increasing the likelihood of water leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the influence of the dislocation and opening amount at the segment joint on the contact stress of the section. Firstly, through theoretical analysis, this paper deduces that the waterproof performance of the gasket depends not only on its own contact area, linear compression stiffness, and Poisson’s ratio but also on the height of the segment joint specimen and the amount of joint opening caused by the sinking offset angle. Then, the effects of different openings and dislocations at the segment joints on the contact stress of the segment gasket section were compared using numerical simulation and model experiments. The results show that the influence of the opening amount on the waterproof performance of the tunnel segment joint’s sealing gasket is greater than that of the dislocation, and the waterproof rate of the joint of the segment sealing gasket section is greater than 40% under the modified condition.
A universal platform of molecular orbital energy level prediction and molecular design for organic materials
Authors: Huang Di , Peng Xinyu , Liang Jiaojiao , Wang Kuo , Zhao Xiaojie , Peng Zhiyan , Li Zhennan , Zeng Jinhui , Lan Zheng , Lei Min 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The design and optimization of organic materials with the specific functions for organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), and organic photodetectors (OPD) with the customized performance are currently the time-consuming and costly process. Therefore, a molecular orbital energy level prediction platform for organic materials is established by utilizing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBT) algorithm and Klekota-Roth fingerprint (KRFP) in this study. And the prediction performance of prediction platform for predicting the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of organic materials is characterized, which shows the accuracy is 99.0% and 97.5%, R is 0.88 and 0.93, RMSE is 0.077 and 0.126, MAE is 0.057 and 0.090, and MAPE is 0.01 and 0.025 in the training and test datasets, respectively. More importantly, thirteen key fragments are screened and their impact on HOMO and LUMO in organic materials is analyzed. Apparently, fluoromethane fragments can reduce HOMO and raise LUMO in organic materials, while Cycopropane fragments were observed to elevate HOMO and decrease LUMO. Based on the findings, Y6 molecules is modified to design four new Y6 derivatives, including Y6-DT, Y6-TF, Y6-TDF, and Y6-DFT for adjusting bandgap of organic materials. And the value difference of HOMO or LUMO in the new designed molecules between predicted by the platform and calculated by DFT is only below 5%. It is noteworthy that the platform prediction only costs an average time of 0.1 s. Moreover, this prediction platform also verifies the reported results in OLED and OPD-related literature, showing that the predicted accuracy is higher than 88.1%, the errors are limited to within 11.9%. All of these confirm the establishment of a cost-effective universal platform with high performance for accurately predicting and regulating the energy levels in organic materials.
Human Coronavirus Infection Reorganizes Spatial Genomic Architecture in Permissive
Lung Cells.
Authors: Sanbonmatsu Karissa , Singhal Ankush , Roth Cullen , Micheva-Viteva Sofiya N. , Venu Vrinda , Lappala Anna , Lee Jeannie , Starkenburg Shawn , Steadman Christina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Chromatin conformation capture followed by next-generation sequencing in combination with large-scale polymer simulations (4DHiC) produces detailed information on genomic loci interactions, allowing for the interrogation of 3D spatial genomic structures. Here, Hi-C data was acquired from the infection of fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells with α-coronavirus 229E (CoV229E). Experimental Hi-C contact maps were used to determine viral-induced changes in genomic architecture over a 48-hour time period following viral infection, revealing substantial alterations in contacts within chromosomes and in contacts between different chromosomes. To gain further structural insight and quantify the underlying changes, we applied the 4DHiC polymer simulation method to reconstruct the 3D genomic structures and dynamics corresponding to the Hi-C maps. The models successfully reproduced experimental Hi-C data, including the changes in contacts induced by viral infection. Our 3D spatial simulations uncovered widespread chromatin restructuring, including increased chromosome compactness and A-B compartment mixing arising from infection. Our model also suggests increased spatial accessibility to regions containing interferon-stimulated genes upon infection with CoV229E, followed by chromatin restructuring at later time points, potentially inducing the migration of chromatin into more compact regions. This is consistent with previously observed suppression of gene expression. Our spatial genomics study provides a mechanistic structural basis for changes in chromosome architecture induced by coronavirus infection in lung cells.
Dynamic control of 2D non-Hermitian photonic corner states in synthetic dimensions
Authors: Mehrabad Mahmoud Jalali , Zheng Xinyuan , Vannucci Jonathan , Li Kevin , Dutt Avik , Hafezi Mohammad , Mittal Sunil , Waks Edo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Non-Hermitian models describe the physics of ubiquitous open systems with gain and loss. One intriguing aspect of non-Hermitian models is their inherent topology that can produce intriguing boundary phenomena like resilient higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) and non-Hermitian skin effects (NHSE). Recently, time-multiplexed lattices in synthetic dimensions have emerged as a versatile platform for the investigation of these effects free of geometric restrictions. Despite holding broad applications, studies of these effects have been limited to static cases so far, and full dynamical control over the non-Hermitian effects has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of topological non-Hermitian corner states with remarkable temporal controllability and robustness in a two-dimensional photonic synthetic time lattice. Specifically, we showcase various dynamic control mechanisms for light confinement and flow, including spatial mode tapering, sequential non-Hermiticity on-off switching, dynamical corner state relocation, and light steering. Moreover, we establish the corner state's robustness in the presence of intensity modulation randomness and quantitatively determine its breakdown regime. Our findings extend non-Hermitian and topological photonic effects into higher synthetic dimensions, offering remarkable flexibility and real-time control possibilities. This opens avenues for topological classification, quantum walk simulations of many-body dynamics, and robust Floquet engineering, free from the limitations of physical geometries.
An adjustable acoustic metamaterial cell using a magnetic membrane for tuneable resonance
Authors: Gardiner Alicia , Domingo-Roca Roger , Windmill James , Feeney Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One of the most exciting challenges in acoustic metamaterial (AMM) research is to incorporate tuneability, for example where the resonance of the AMM can be actively adjusted, whilst also ensuring ease of manufacture. Many of the challenges in realising physical AMM prototypes, such as ensuring small feature sizes, introducing specific material characteristics, and enabling scale-up fabrication, remain significant barriers in the design of AMMs in general. As such, the dynamic control of device response is an ongoing obstacle in the field of AMMs. One option for practical AMM implementation in the future is to mitigate some of these barriers by enabling adaptable resonant properties to tailor device response. To this end, this research demonstrates the design, fabrication, and characterisation of an adjustable magnetic AMM cell using stereolithography with a bespoke superparamagnetic resin. To underpin the experimental approach, a mathematical model able to predict the behaviour of the adjustable AMM is developed and implemented, for which the mechanical properties of the AMM membrane were experimentally measured and used to define the model. This research demonstrates a 3D-printable magnetic AMM cell able to perform sub-100 Hz acoustic resonant tuning. The developed superparamagnetic formulation recorded a magnetisation of saturation of 2.4 emu/g, coercivity of 5 mT, and a Young’s modulus of 17.89 MPa. The device is thus ultra-subwavelength (λ/77.5) and displays magnetically-actuated resonant tuneability from 88.73 Hz – 86.63 Hz with a consistent 12 dB increase in resonance.
Event-Based Surveillance Reporting by Village Health Teams, Kabarole District, Uganda, July 2022 ̶ March 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zavuga Robert , Migisha Richard , Kabami Zainah , Kawungezi Peter Chris , Agaba Brian , Zalwango Marie Gorreti , Wanyana Mercy Wendy , King Patrick , Kiggundu Thomas , Ninsiima Mackline , Kizito Saudah Namubiru , Simbwa Brenda Nakafeero , Akunzirwe Rebecca , Zalwango Jane Frances , Naiga Helen Nelly , Kisakye Anita , Kadobera Daniel , Kwesiga Benon , Bulage Lilian , Kayiwa Joshua , Makumbi Issa , Ario Alex Riolexus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
In July 2022, the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) trained Village Health Team (VHT) members in Kabarole District and rolled out the Event-based surveillance (EBS) system with an emphasis on submitting public health signals. We assessed the level of reporting and factors affecting reporting in the EBS system by VHTs in Kabarole District, southwestern Uganda, July 2022 ̶ March 2023.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among VHTs and key informants (KI) involved in EBS activities from the district health office and health facilities in March 2022, eight months after the rollout of EBS in Kabarole District. We used multistage sampling to recruit VHTs from sub-county to village levels. Purposive sampling was used to select KIs involved in EBS activities to gain insight into factors influencing EBS reporting. We collected data using an interviewer-administered questionnaire containing socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and a KI interview guide. We assessed the proportion of VHTs who submitted any public health signal in the EBS system from July 2022 - March 2023. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with reporting. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.
Results
Among 380 participating VHTs from 189 villages, 258 (68%) were female, 262 (69%) had attained secondary school education, and 288 (76%) had worked >5 years as VHT. Mean age was 44±12 years. Ninety-one (24%; 95%CI: 17-38%) respondents had reported a public health signal in the EBS system. Reporting was associated with age >45 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.4; 95%CI: 3.3-5.7), being female (aOR=2.8; 95%CI: 2.0-5.7), doing VHT work >5 days per week (aOR=4.4, 95%CI: 1.2-5.1), and having at least secondary school education (aOR=1.1, 95%CI: 1.2-4.8). Factors influencing reporting included remuneration, feedback, and support supervision from the district health authorities.
Conclusion
A quarter of VHTs in Kabarole District reported public health signals in the EBS system during the eight-month period following implementation. Leveraging older, more experienced VHTs with higher education levels as mentors and providing routine support supervision of VHTs may improve reporting of public health signals in the EBS system.
Highly passivated TOPCon bottom cells for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Ye Jichun , Ding Zetao , Kan Chenxia , Jiang Shengguo , Zhang Meili , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Wei , Liao Mingdun , Yang Zhenhai , Hang Pengjie , Zeng Yuheng , Yu Xuegong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) silicon solar cells are rising as a competitive photovoltaic technology, seamlessly blending high efficiency with cost-effectiveness and mass production capabilities. However, the numerous defects from the fragile silicon oxide/c-Si interface and the low field-effect passivation due to the inadequate boron in-diffusion in p-type TOPCon (p-TOPCon) reduce their open-circuit voltages (VOCs), impeding their widespread application in the promising perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) that hold a potential to break 30% module efficiency. To address this, we develop highly passivated p-TOPCon structure by optimizing the oxidation conditions, boron in-diffusion and aluminium oxide hydrogenation, thus pronouncedly improving the implied VOC (iVOC) of p-TOPCon to 715 mV and the VOC of double-sided TOPCon bottom cells to 710 mV. Consequently, integrating with perovskite top cells, our proof of concept 1 cm2 n-i-p perovskite/silicon TSCs exhibit VOCs exceeding 1.9 V and a highest reported efficiency of 28.20%, which paves a way for TOPCon cells in the commercialization of future tandems.
The joint-brain axis: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study of osteoarthritis and cortical structure
Authors: yang YUBIAO , Ma Boyuan , Chen Jinyu , Wang Bitao , Liu Derong , ma Jun , Hao Jian , Zhou Xianhu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that may affect brain function via a joint-brain axis, but its causal impact on brain cortical structures is unclear.
Method
We used Mendelian randomization (MR), a method that leverages genetic variants as natural experiments, to examine the effects of OA, including knee and hip OA, on cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (TH) of the whole brain and 34 functional regions. We used summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of OA and brain cortical structures in individuals of European ancestry.
Result
We found that overall OA was causally associated with reduced SA of the isthmus cingulate (beta: -296.2, 95% CI: -439.1, -153.3, P = 4.82e-05), a brain region involved in mood, memory, and spatial orientation. This suggests that OA may influence neuropsychiatric disorders in OA patients. We also detected several suggestive associations between OA and other brain regions.
Conclusion
Our study reveals a novel causal link between OA and brain cortical structures, with implications for understanding and treating cognitive impairment and other disorders in OA patients. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering the joint-brain axis in clinical practice and future research.
Paleo-climatic control on recharge and fresh-saltwater distribution in the Red River delta plain, Vietnam
Authors: Larsen Flemming , Hoang Hoan , Tran Long Vu , Nhan Quy Pham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Paleo-climatic induced sedimentation controls present-day recharge and the fresh-salt groundwater distribution in Quaternary delta systems. During sea-level highstands, marine clays, with saline pore water, were deposited, and are interbedded with aquifers of coarse-grained sandy fluvial and shallow marine deposits, laid down during lowstands. The low-permeable marine layers may inhibit recent recharge to deeper aquifers, and thereby limit sustainable use of these freshwater resources. This phenomenon has been investigated in the Red River delta plain, using geophysical borehole logging, transient electromagnetic soundings, groundwater chemistry, stable isotope analysis and 3H and 14C dating of groundwater. Results reveal that marine saline pore water is still present in the Holocene marine clays, implying that fresh water has not entered the clays since their deposition. Therefore, recharge within the delta plain is not occurring and the deeper aquifers are hydraulically disconnected from the upper sandy layers. Today, recharge only occurs from the hinterland. Recharge during the last glacial period has flushed salt pore water from Pleistocene marine clays, but these clays were again affected by saline water during the Holocene transgression. The use of the groundwater resources in the delta plain must be adjusted to the present recharge to be sustainable.
Q-ECS: Quantum-Enhanced Cloud Security with Attribute-based Cryptography and Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Nauman Umer , Zhang Yuhong , Li Zhihui , Zhen Tong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary landscape of advanced technological ecosystems, the ubiquity of cloud computing serves as a cornerstone for orchestrating and maintaining a myriad of global datasets, information repositories, and service infrastructures. This widespread adoption of cloud computing, however, has brought forth a pressing need to confront and mitigate security challenges, necessitating the formulation of resilient protocols to safeguard the sanctity and confidentiality of data. In response to this imperative, our research endeavors to propose an innovative and secure paradigm for cloud data access, harnessing the synergies of attribute-based cryptography (ABC) and quantum key distribution (QKD). This methodology capitalizes on the intrinsic security of quantum channels to facilitate the secure transmission of cryptographic keys across nodes. We validate the effectiveness of our model through extensive simulations. This comparison, which is based on state-of-the-art methods, looks at a wide range of performance metrics, such as the time it takes to create a key, the time it takes to decrypt and encrypt, and other important factors. Compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, our proposed algorithm performs better with better encoding times (2.6s to 5.2s) and decryption timings (1.2s to 3.6s). While QKD-ABC regularly obtains the shortest analysis times (29.1s to 149.1s), it is clear that QKD-ABC is the best method for safe cloud data access. The particular numerical metrics demonstrate the unmatched performance of QKD-ABC in a variety of activities.
Prevalence, Predictors and Outcomes of Feedback for Ems Professionals: a Mixed-methods Diary Study
Authors: Wilson Caitlin , Budworth Luke , Janes Gillian , Lawton Rebecca , Benn Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Providing feedback to healthcare professionals and organisations on performance or patient outcomes may improve care quality and professional development, particularly in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) where professionals make autonomous, complex decisions and current feedback provision is limited. This study aimed to determine the content and outcomes of feedback in EMS by measuring feedback prevalence, identifying predictors of receiving feedback, categorising feedback outcomes and determining predictors of feedback efficacy.
Methods
An observational mixed-methods study was used. EMS professionals delivering face-to-face patient care in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service completed a baseline survey and diary entries between March-August 2022. Diary entries were event-contingent and collected when a participant identified they had received feedback. Self-reported data were collected on feedback frequency, environment, characteristics and outcomes. Feedback environment was measured using the Feedback Environment Scale. Feedback outcomes were categorised using hierarchical cluster analysis. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess which variables predicted feedback receipt and efficacy. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.
Results
299 participants completed baseline surveys and 105 submitted 538 diary entries. 215 (71.9%) participants had received feedback in the last 30 days, with patient outcome feedback the most frequent (n = 149, 42.8%). Feedback format was predominantly verbal (n = 157, 73.0%) and informal (n = 189, 80.4%). Significant predictors for receiving feedback were a paramedic role (aOR 3.04 [1.14, 8.00]), a workplace with a positive feedback-seeking culture (aOR 1.07 [1.04, 1.10]) and white ethnicity (aOR 5.68 [1.01, 29.73]). Diary entries reported feedback as very useful (median 6, IQR 5–7). Feedback outcomes included: personal wellbeing (closure, confidence and job satisfaction), professional development (clinical practice and knowledge) and service outcomes (patient care and patient safety). Feedback-seeking behaviour and higher scores on the Feedback Environment Scale were statistically significant predictors of feedback efficacy. Solicited feedback improved wellbeing (aOR 3.35 [1.68, 6.60]) and professional development (aOR 2.58 [1.10, 5.56]) more than unsolicited feedback.
Conclusion
Feedback for EMS professionals was perceived to improve personal wellbeing, professional development and service outcomes. EMS workplaces need to develop a culture that encourages feedback-seeking to strengthen the impact of feedback for EMS professionals on clinical decision-making and staff wellbeing.