bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Antarctic Entoprocta with Notes on Morphology and Taxonomy in the Entoprocta in General
Authors: Franzén Åke 
Published: May 2008

Abstract‐Six entoprocts are reported and figured from the Antarctic Region, collected by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903. The species are: Barentsia discreta (Busk, 1886), Pedicellina cernua (Pallas, 1774), Loxosomella antarctica sp.n., Loxosomella murmanica (Nilus, 1909), Loxosomella compressa Nielsen & Ryland, 1961, subsp. antarctica ssp.n., and Loxosomella brachystipes sp.n. The original diagnosis by Robertson of the genus Myosoma is discussed on the basis of the muscle strands in the calyx and the stalk.
Musculature and Muscle Scars in the Cytherid Ostracode Cytheridea papillosa (Bosquet)
Authors: Andersson Anders 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe intrinsic and extrinsic musles in Cytheridea papillosa are described and their function discussed. Special attention has been paid to the extrinsic muscles and the scars these muscles form on the valves. Two scars, close together, in the central area, earlier referred to as frontal or an‐tennal scars, have muscular origin. The larger of these belongs to the carapax adductor system, and the name frontal adductor muscle scar is suggested for it. The smaller scar is associated with the mandible, whose muscle acts as an abductor. The name mandibular abductor muscle scar is suggested for it.
The Sensory Line System and Its Innervation in the Osteostraci (Agnatha, Cephalaspidomorphi)
Authors: Janvier Philippe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA comparative study of the sensory line system and the lateralis nerve complex in osteostracans on one hand, and in petromyzontids on the other, reveals further similarities between these two groups. The interrelationships between the lateralis nerve complex and the other cranial nerves in osteostracans lead to the conclusion that, in these forms, the first, second and third branchial nerves correspond respectively to the ramus maxillaris trigemini, the ramus mandibularis trigemini and the facialis of petromyzontids.RésuméL'étude comparative des lignes sensorielles et du complexe du nerf latéral chez les Ostéostracés et les Pétromyzontides révele A nouveau de grandes similarités entre ces deux groupes. En outre, les rapports anatomiques entre le complexe du nerf latéral et les autres nerfs crâniens conduisent a la conclusion que les trois premiéres paires de nerfs branchiaux des Ostéostracés correspondaient respectivement aux rameaux maxillaire et mandibulaire du trijumeau ainsi qu'au nerf facial chez les Pétromyzontidés.
Two New Proschizorhynchus Species from the Coast of Massachusetts, USA (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia)1
Authors: Doe David A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Proschizorhynchus nahantensis sp. n. and Proschizorhynchus papillatus sp. n. are described and their taxonomy discussed. P. nahantensis is characterized by its penis papilla which has a proximal spherical and distal tubular portion. A simple stylet is present. The female system is distinguished by the external opening of the vagina and the prominent bursal mouthpiece. P. papillatus is distinguished by the two muscle layers of the copulatory organ, the large straight stylet in the penis papilla, a single gonopore and uterus. Notes on the ecology of the species are included. Views are given on the taxonomy of the genus Proschizorhynchus Meixner, 1928.
Etude histologique des marques squelettiques de croissance chez Vipera aspis (L.)(Ophidia, Viperidae)
Authors: Castanet Jacques 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe skeletal marks present in numerous po'ikilo‐therm Vertebrates are, for numerous workers, the expression of an annual growth periodicity. They have been used, therefore, to calculate the individual age. Nevertheless, few works exist about the nature of these marks. We have begun, by various techniques to study the histo‐logical structure of these marks on a series of native Vipera aspis (L.). Skeletal marks are made of two types of osseous tissues: (1) lamellar bone, with parallel fibers, for the annuli, considered to be the result of a period of slow growth; (2) woven fibered bone, for the zones, considered to be the expression of a period of rapid growth. The value of these skeletal marks as an index of age is still to be demonstrated by experimental methods.RésumeéLes marques squelettiques présentes chez de nombreux Vertébrés poikilothemes, témoignent pour les auteurs d'une périodicité annuelle de la croissance. Elks ont de ce fait été utilisées dans le calcul de 1'âge individuel. Cependant peu de travaux nous renseignent sur la nature de ces formations. Nous avons entrepris sur un lot de Vipera aspis (L.) indigènes et par des techniques variées, l'étude de la structure histologique de ces stries de croissance. Celles‐ci correspondent A deux types de tissus osseux: (1) os lamellaire ou L fibres paralleles, pour les annuli, considéré comme le resultat d'une phase de croissance ralentie; (2) os A fibres entrecroisées, pour les zones, consider6 comme le resultat d'une phase de croissance rapide. La valeur des marques squelettiques comme critère d'Lge reste cependant A démontrer par la méthode experimentale.
Harpacticoiden (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus dem Küstengrundwasser der französischen Mittelmeerküste
Authors: Kunz Helmut 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInvestigations of the ground water of the French Mediterranean coast gave 28 different species of harpacticoid copepods. Among them, six species are new to the French coast and three species and one form are described as new, viz. Ectinosoma mediterraneum sp.n., Sigmatidium rouchi sp.n., Ameira atlántica mediterránea forma n., and Taurocletodes gallicus sp.n. Comparison of the harpacticoid fauna of the French coast with other marine districts shows close relations to the fauna of the Black Sea, while the relations to the Atlantic coast (Portugal) and the Baltic Sea (Bay of Kiel) are only remote. A genus is established, Taurocletodes gen.n. Sigmatidium noodti sp.n. is described from the Sea of Marmara.
Terminology in Phoronida
Authors: Emig Christian C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA terminology (in three languages) of the main descriptive terms of the anatomy of the phylum Phoronida is established and proposed to facilitate communication in future anatomical studies and taxonomical works. A brief discussion is given of the names (Latin and common) of this phylum. The present note must be considered as a preliminary work on nomenclature problems.
Neue Wassermilben (Acari, Hydrachnellae) aus Australien1
Authors: Viets Kurt O. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFive new species of water mites from Australia are described: Limnesia maceripalpis sp.n., Limnesia inga sp.n., Unionicola (Giselaiax) lundbladi subgen.n., sp.n., Neumania (Lemienia) gila sp.n. and Koenikea iinka sp.n. Giselaiax subgen.n. is established. In addition some remarks are made on the special fauna of water mites in Australia.Zusammenfassungfünf neue Arten von Wassermilben aus Australien werden beschrieben: Limnesia maceripalpis sp.n., Limncsia inga sp.n., Unionicola (Giselatax) lundbladi subgen. n., sp.n., Neumania (Lemienia) gila sp.n., Koenikea tinka sp.n. Eine der Arten gehört zu einem neuen Subgenus: Giselatax subgen.n. Dazu werden einige Bemerkungen iiber die besondere Wassermilben‐Fauna Australiens gemacht.
Pattern of Pads and Folds in the Foot of European Oscines (Aves, Passeriformes)
Authors: Lennerstedt Ingvar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA comparative study of pads and folds in the foot is made on 56 passerine species, classified in 18 families or subfamilies of the suborder Oscines. A basic pattern of thirteen pads is recognized: twelve in the digits, each related to one phalanx; the thirteenth in the central part of the foot, ventral to the trochleas of tarsometatarsus. Certain pads in the anterior digits are divided in species with long and narrow pads. The number of folds varies, even in the same species, but a basic pattern is recognized. There is one fold at each joint. Except for the fold at the distal joint in the four digits, these folds are comparable with pads in certain non‐Passerifor‐mes. The folds at the proximal phalanx of the third and the fourth digit are interpreted as reduced pads. Some folds are separated parts of phalanx pads. – Most passerine birds have this basic pattern of pads and folds, clearly adapted to a life on branches or on twigs. Certain species, exemplified by Alauda arvensis, Plectrophenax nicalis, Certhia familiaris, and Regulus regulus, have different morphology of pads and folds, depending on a reduced number of papillae, and being adaptations to life on the ground, on tree trunks, or on very thin twigs. Relatively few papillae occur in certain species that winter in temperate or cold climates. This means a reduced area of contact with the substrate and is probably important in heat regulation by reducing the conductive heat flow through the papillae to the substrate.–The pads and folds have a restricted value for the classification on family or subfamily level.
A Functional Study of Papillae and Pads in the Foot of Passerines, Parrots, and Owls
Authors: Lennerstedt Ingvar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe pattern of pads, the morphology and microscopical anatomy of the papillae, the structure of dermis, and the attachment of the skin to the skeletal elements were studied in species representing Passeriformes, Psittaciformes, and Strigiformes. Functional observations were made while dissecting fresh material. The secondary insertion of the flexor muscles on the skin structures is discussed. The papillae in the pad of the passerine species is connected to a plate mainly composed of the horny cells of stratum corneum; only the top of the papillae are free to penetrate roughnesses in the bark of branches or twigs. The parrot has papillae free from one another and often supplied with Herbst corpuscles, indicating touch function. The owl has also free papillae, but these are supported by densely packed collagenous fibres in the dermis, forming a plate functionally comparable to the horny plate of the passerine. The pads and folds in the passerine are attached to the skeletal elements, both directly by collagenous fibre bundles and indirectly by the large scales on the dorsal side of the digit, which are firmly anchored to the phalanges. The pads in the parrot and the owl are directly attached by collagenous fibres to the skeletal elements. The structure of the pad and the papillae correlate with the habits: in the passerine, to jump and fly between branches; in the parrot, to move sluggishly on branches and manipulate food with the feet; and in the owl, to perch on branches and grasp prey.
Studies on Species of HolarcticPardosaGroups (Araneae, Lycosidae). I:Redescription ofPardosa albomaculataEmerton and description of two new species from North America, with comments on some taxonomic characters
Authors: Kronestedt Torbjörn 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPardosa albomaculataEmerton is found to be a distinct species (previously treated as synonym toP. groenlandica(Thorell)); comments are given on synonyms, variation and distribution.P. lowrieisp.n. is described on material from Washington state, USA, and British Columbia, Canada;P. buckleisp.n. on material from Saskatchewan, Canada.P. albomaculataandP. lowrieiare closely related, differing in certain features of the male palps, notably the shape of the conductor, the terminal apophysis, and the embolus, as well as details of the epigynes. These two species andP. buckleibelong to the provisionally namedglacialis/groenlandicacomplex, including several Nearctic and Palae‐arctic species still not investigated in detail taxonomically. Comments are given on some taxonomic characters in the copulatory organs. In this respect emphasis is given to the importance of the shape of the mentioned palpal parts, which have hitherto been very little studied inPardosaspecies. Viewpoints on some species group characters are also given.
Palaeohistological Notes
Authors: Ørvig Tor 
Published: May 2008

AbstractØrvig, T. (Section of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, S‐104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.) Palaeohistological notes. 4. The interpretation of osteodentine, with remarks on the dentition in the Devonian dipnoan Griphognathus. Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 79–96, 1976.—A renewed discussion of the ontogeny and structure of osteodentine (“trabecular dentine”) reaffirms the writer's earlier conclusions that this hard tissue forms initially as a system of bony trabeculae and achieves its final character of dentine by the development of denteons (instead of, as in bone tissue, osteons) on the margins of these trabeculae. In this connection remarks are given on the hard tissue surrounding the tritural columns of the tooth plates in various fossil and recent holocephalans. Osteodentine differs in conditions of mineralization, fibrous texture and growth from the vascular pleromin (pleromic hard tissue) of many dipnoan tooth plates with which it has on occasion been confused. In the Devonian dipnoan Griphognathus, the dentition is in certain respects suggestive of that in some elasmobranchs. — In connection with this paper, methods of investigating fossil hard tissue by the SEM are discussed.
Rhabdom Adaptation and Its Phylogenetic Significance
Authors: Elofsson Rolf 
Published: May 2008

AbstractElofsson, R. (Zoological Institute, University of Lund, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden.) Rhabdom adaptation and its phylogenetic significance. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 97–101, 1976. — The rhabdoms of arthropod compound eyes are structurally differentiated into open, fused layered, and fused continuous. All are capable of perceiving polarized light. The fused layered, and under certain conditions the fused continuous, perform particularly well. — The fused layered rhabdoms occur in malacostracan crustaceans and in various insect groups. This, together with, among other things, the presence of open rhabdoms in insects and crustaceans, indicates convergent development of organs and parts of organs. — Elaborate visual organs of more than one kind occur in crustaceans, as is exemplified by the compound and nauplius eyes. This shows that more than one construction on the organ level is possible in a restricted taxo‐nomical unit for the. perception of light. The different rhabdom types performing well in receiving polarized light also show parallel evolution on a level below the organ. — The result of adaptation analyses indicates the need for a restricted use of the concept of homology basic to morphological investigations and a base for phylogenetic speculations. It also envisages a fruitful approach to a peep into the workshop of evolution. — It is concluded that a fully formed compound eye in arthropod ancestors is hardly conceivable. A realistic alternative is an inherent capacity of forming a compound eye. Thus the ancestral compound eye could have ranged from nothing to a partly‐developed stage. The recent eyes need not originate from one source.
The Proboscis Hooks in Karkinorhynchidae and Gnathorhynchidae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) as Basement Membrane or Intracellular Specializations
Authors: Doe David A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDoe, D. A. (Department of Zoology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA.) The proboscis hooks in Karkinorhynchidae and Gnathorhynchidae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) as basement membrane or intracellular specializations. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 105–115, 1976.—The fine structure analysis of the proboscis hooks in the genus Cheliplana Beauchamp revealed that these structures are specializations within the basement lamina enclosing the proboscis. The fine structure analysis of the proboscis hooks in the genus Gnatho‐rhynchus Meixner revealed that these structures are intracellular specializations within a fold of epithelium located at the junction of the proboscis sheath and proboscis cone. The electron dense hook material is deposited primarily in microvilli along the outer cell surface of the cone epithelium. The fine structural analysis of the unarmed proboscis in the genus Proschizorhynchus Meixner agrees with the description for the armed schizorhynchs and these findings support the view that the Schizorhynchia is a monophyletic group. The fine structural analysis of the unarmed proboscis in Florianella bipolaris Rieger & Sterrer agrees with the description for Gnathorhynchus. A comparison of the proboscis and hooks in the two kalyptorhynch suborders suggests a more distant relationship between them. A discussion of the methods for the anchorage of intracellular, intercellular and extracellular hard structures is also included.
A Neocomian Chironomid and Podonominae‐Aphroteniinae (Diptera) in the Light of Phylogenetics and Biogeography
Authors: Brundin Lars 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBrundin, L. (Section of Entomology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, S‐10405 Stockholm, Sweden.) A Neocomian chironomid and Podonominae‐Aphroteniinae (Diptera) in the light of phylogenetics and biogeography. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 139–160, 1976.—Called upon by a criticism by Schlee in 1975 the present paper delivers a renewed investigation of the monophyly of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphroteniinae and their position in the Chironomidae hierarchy. The validity of the conclusions reached by Brundin in 1966 is confirmed. Additional evidence is given by new cases of synapomorphy and unique parallelism. The concepts inside‐and outside‐parallelism are introduced. It is shown that Schlee, being unaware of the implications of geographical vicariance and different cases of true parallelism, and of the consequences of unequal cleavage and unequal deviation, differs from the methodological approach of Hennig and Brundin. —Libanochlites neocomicus gen.n., sp.n. from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon is described and its phylogenetic position and biogeographical significance discussed and integrated with reviews of the Jurassic‐Cretaceous history of Podonominae and Aphroteniinae.
Hedylopsis risen sp.n., a New Interstitial Mollusc from the New England Coast (Opisthobranchia, Acochlidiacea)1
Authors: Morse M. Patricia 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMorse, M. Patricia (Marine Science Institute, Northeastern University, Nahant, Mass. 01908, USA). Hedylopsis riseri sp.n., a new interstitial mollusc from the New England Coast (Opisthobranchia, Acochlidiacea). Zool. Scr. 5 (5): 221–229, 1976.—Hedylopsis riseri sp.n. is the first member of the genus to be described and recorded in the USA. The organisms are described from coarse sand collected at Crowe Neck in North Trescott, Maine. The description details the anatomy of living and preserved specimens. The recording of direct development for the species is the first such description in the Acochlidiacea. Comparisons of the new species with the five other known species of Hedylopsis are made.
Notes on Adult Morphology and Larval Development of Tubiluchus corallicola (Priapulida), Based on in vivo and Scanning Electron Microscopic Examinations of Specimens from Bermuda1
Authors: Kirsteuer Ernst 
Published: May 2008

AbstractKirsteuer, E. (Department of Fossil and Living Invertebrates, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, N.Y. 10024, USA). Notes on adult morphology and larval development of Tubiluchus corallicola (Priapulida), based on in vivo and scanning electron microscopic examinations of specimens from Bermuda. Zool. Scr. 5 (6): 239–255, 1976.—Observations are reported on morphology of adults of both sexes and of several larval forms. The latter are separated into four groups due to differences exhibited inter alia in the lorica length and in the number of scalids, neck folds and tubuli. The larvae are compared with those previously described from Curaçao and Barbados, and it is concluded that at present six larval stages of Tubiluchus corallicola can be distinguished. The functional significance of certain structures in adults and larvae is discussed and a few observations on the behavior of the animals are noted. Most of the details described are illustrated with photomicrographs and the pharyngeal armature in larvae is also documented with scanning electron micrographs.
The Brandt Report
Authors: Stewart Frances 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:C. Paul Hallwood and Stuart W. Sinclair, Oil, Debt and Development: OPEC in the Third World. George Allen and Unwin, London, forthcoming. The Management of Squatter Upgrading: A Case Study of Organisation, Procedures and Participation. By David Pasteur. Planning for Growing Populations. Ed. by Robert Cassen and Margaret Wolfson. Experiments in Family Planning. Lessons from the Developing World. By Roberto Cuca and Catherine S. Rural Industralization in China. By Jon Sigurdson. Le Dialogue Euro‐Arabe. Ed. by Jacques Bourrinet. Financing and Risk in Developing Countries. Edited by Stephen H. Goodman. The International Monetary System and the Less Developed Countries. By Graham Bird. Human Resources and African Development. Ed. by Ukandi G. Damachi and Victor P.
Pursuing National Versus Local Interests: The Development Dilemma
Authors: Toulmin Camilla 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Pastoral Man in the Garden of Eden: The Maasai of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. By Kaj ArhemLivestock Development in Kenya's Maasailand: Pastoralists' Transition to a Market Economy. By Phylo EvangelouTenants and Nomads in Eastern Sudan: A Study of Economic Adaptations in the New Harfa Scheme. By Gunnar M . SorboAnimal Health Services in SubSaharan Africa: Alternative Approaches. By Cornelis de Haan and Nico J. NissenFood Production and Rural Development in the Sahel: Lessons from Mali's Operation Riz‐Segou. By James R. BingenPopulation, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel: Issues in the Werfare of Selected West African Communities. Edited by Allan G. HillThe Camelid: an All Purpose Animal. Edited by Ross W. Cockrill
Integrating Developing Countries into International Economics
Authors: Page Sheila 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Protectionism. By Jagdish BhagwatiProtection. Cooperation, Integration and Development. Edited by Ali M. El‐AgraaThe New Protectionist Threat to World Welfare. Edited by Dominick SalvatoreGlobal Macroeconomics. Edited by Ralph C. Bryant and Richard PortesMacroeconomic Interactions Between North and South. Edited by David Currie and David Vines
The Political Economy of International Agricultural Research: Innovation for Whom in the 1990s?
Authors: Cromwell Elizabeth 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Rice Science and Development Politics: IRRI's Strategies and Asian Diversity 1950–1980. By Robert S. Anderson, Edwin Levy and Barrie Morrison.First the Seed: the Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology 1492–2000. By Jack Ralph Kloppenburg Jr.
Structural Adjustment and Poverty—Blunting the Criticisms
Authors: Please Stanley 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Adjustment and Poverty: Options and Choices. By Frances StewartStructural Adjustment and the Working Poor in Zimbabwe: Studies on Labom Women Informal Sector Workers and Health. Edited by Peter GibbonStructural Adjustment and Ethnicity in Nigeria. By Eghosa OsaghaeThe Social Impact of Adjustment Operations. By the Operations Evaluations Department, World Bank
Smoking and Type A behaviour
Authors: OYEFESO ADENEKAN O. , ODEYALE MARGARET A. 
Published: May 2008

This study examines the relationship between Type A behaviour and smoking. Data were gathered from a random sample of 100 undergraduate male daily smokers, with a mean age of 21.2 years (SD = 2.72), using the Type A Behaviour Scale (Bortner and Rosenman, 1967).Results reveal that Type A smokers are heavier daily consumers of cigarettes than Type B smokers (t= 2.90, p < 0.01). The observed relationship between smoking and Type A behaviour remains significant even when the influence of aggression in partialled out. The need to further investigate the interplay of genetic and non‐genetic predispositions, and smoking in the incidence of coronary heart diseases (CHD) is suggested.