bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platform Design/Construction — Overview
Authors: Dunn F. P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
I would like to start my discussion by giving you a brief history of offshore platform development since its beginning in 1947 in the Gulf of Mexico. I will then discuss the important preliminary steps which must be undertaken before a decision is made to develop an offshore field after a discovery has been made. I refer specifically to such items as the establishment of environmental criteria, water depth, foundation conditions, number of wells required, number of drilling rigs, production equipment needed, etc. The many different types of structures will then be reviewed, along with reasons for choosing one type over another for a specific discovery. Deep water (&gt; 1000′) development will be discussed, with an emphasis on the special problems associated, and the structures anticipated for such development. I will then discuss briefly the improvements needed in our technology as we go into deeper water and give my opinion as to where we can be in the next ten years, given the opportunity.
Though some drilling had taken place in offshore waters from timber trestles and in inland waters and marshlands before World War II, the first steel platform on which drilling took place was installed in 1947 in the Gulf of Mexico in about 20 feet of water. Through the 50′s, offshore development was concentrated in water depths less than 200′. During the 1960′s, development began in the southern North Sea area in about 100′ of water, a much more hostile environment than the Gulf of Mexico. During this time also, ice-resistant structures were successfully installed in 100′ of water in Alaska.
The 400′ water depth, considered to be a barrier for a while because of anticipated problems with dynamic response, about which the industry knew very little before the early 70′s, was exceeded in the mid 70′s. By 1981, five structures had been successfully installed in water depths exceeding 600′ in the Gulf of Mexico, the deepest of which is in 1025 feet (Figure 1). Several huge platforms have been installed in greater than 500′ of water in the North Sea, and Brazil is presently developing fields with platforms in excess of 400′. The Far East will soon have two platforms in over 400′ of water--one offshore Japan and one offshore Australia.
Debridement Strategy by Pre‐Bending Passivation for Flexible All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Beyond 70 000 Bending Cycles
Authors: Liu Huijing , Xu Jia , Han Huifang , Zhao Chenxu , Fu Yao , Lang Kun , Zou Pengchen , Pan Xu , Gao Xingyu , Zhao Kui , Yao Jianxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe mechanical durability and efficiency of all‐inorganic flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) still require enhancement for practical applications. In this study, a creative debridement strategy to improve the mechanical durability and photovoltaic performance of all‐inorganic f‐PSCs by pre‐bending the flexible perovskite film and then depositing the passivation agent 2‐mercaptopyridine is proposed. The pre‐bending process induced the generation of microcracks in the perovskite film surface, and 2‐mercaptopyridine can more effectively penetrate the interior of the film through the microcracks, thereby further passivating deep surface defects. These microcracks and defects can be perfectly repaired by 2‐mercaptopyridine. Bidentate coordination sites of S and N in 2‐mercaptopyridine show stronger binding energy with surface defects. The debridement strategy effectively enhanced the crystallization of the film surface and markedly inhibited crack propagation during the film's bending process. The optimized device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.74%. The pre‐bent and passivated all‐inorganic f‐PSC shows 104% of its initial PCE after 15 000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3 mm. Remarkably, even after undergoing 70 000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 5 mm, pre‐bent, and passivated f‐PSC can retain over 93% of its initial PCE, exhibiting excellent mechanical durability.
Tailoring Tribological Characteristics in Titanium Alloys by Laser Surface Texturing and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocoating
Authors: Zhang Qicheng , Li Yong , Liang Fei , Zhang Haoran , Wang Bin , Li Xiaopeng , Lin Zifeng , Lin Yan , Chen Xiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe inferior tribological properties of titanium (Ti) and its alloys, due to their limited work hardening capability and the mechanical instability of their oxide scale, pose substantive challenges in practical applications. Surface texturing and the application of 2D material coatings are acknowledged as efficacious strategies for enhancing these properties. Nevertheless, the rapid loss of effectiveness when employing these methods in isolation highlights a significant limitation. Herein, a 50‐nm‐thick MXene nanocoating is deposited onto groove‐textured pure Ti surface, effectuating a reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) from ≈0.57 to 0.17, thereby substantially mitigating wear on the Ti substrate. The grooved surface architecture plays a vital role in storing MXenes and facilitating lubricant replenishment through the stirring effect of frictional stress during subsequent friction process. Further, the continuous decomposition and reorganization of MXene coating results in the formation of a robust tribofilm that resists oxidation and plastic deformation in the subsurface layer, markedly enhancing the friction and wear resistance. These findings are crucial for improving tribological performance in Ti and its alloys and provide a straightforward yet effective strategy for tailoring their tribological properties by integrating LST with 2D material nanocoating.
Retina‐Inspired Nanofluidic Membranes for Underwater Visual Imaging Based on Active Ion Transport
Authors: Wang Lili , Zhang Yuhui , Chen Yupeng , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThrough evolution, biological organisms have developed ways to sense light using ion channels, which holds several advantages, such as energy efficiency and water resistance, over humanmade optoelectronic devices. Herein, a retina‐inspired nanofluidic system is presented with a Janus heterogeneous membrane (J‐HM), which can achieve underwater visual imaging through light‐driven active ion transport. The J‐HMs are obtained through sequentially assembled WS2, and a kind of metal–organic framework nanosheets via the reaction between 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene hydrate (HHTP) and Cu2+ (Cu‐HHTP). Due to the formed intramembrane electric field caused by the efficient charge separation under illumination, a photovoltaic driving force is generated for active ion transport from Cu‐HHTP to WS2. Furthermore, the unidirectionally active ion transport can be enhanced by self‐diffusion under a concentration gradient. The J‐HM with a single‐pixel design shows a nearly linear response with light intensity and has enough resolution for basic object recognition as well as a long‐term memory after data processing using a defined pixelated matrix, which can pave an avenue for designing more intelligent sensing systems.
Synchronous Regulation of Donor and Acceptor Microstructure using Thiophene‐Derived Non‐Halogenated Solvent Additives for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Chen Qiaomei , Zhang Cuifen , Tan Wen Liang , Zhang Guangcong , Bu Zhonggao , Xiao Chengyi , Shen Xipeng , Tang Zheng , McNeill Christopher R. , Li Weiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolvent additives are pivotal for enhancing the morphology, efficiency, and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the widely used additive, 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO), has drawbacks like harmful halogen content and potential OSC degradation. To address these issues, novel non‐halogenated, thienyl‐alkyl‐thienyl structural solvent additives—DTP, DTH, and DTN—featuring varying alkyl linker lengths of (CH2)3, (CH2)6, and (CH2)9, respectively are introduced. Additives with longer alkyl linkers, DTH and DTN, effectively dissolve and strongly interact with both the donor polymer PM6 and acceptor L8‐BO. This dual interaction enables precise tuning of their microstructures, resulting in enhanced crystallinity. Upon incorporating DTH as an additive in OSCs (PM6:L8‐BO), a minimal voltage loss is observed, leading to an impressive efficiency of 18.51%, surpassing the 17.90% achieved with DIO. Furthermore, DTH‐based devices demonstrated superior photostability. In a ternary blend system (PM6:D18‐Cl:L8‐BO), an efficiency of 19.07% is attained, outperforming previous non‐halogenated solvent additive‐based OSCs. Furthermore, employing a non‐halogenated processing solvent combination of toluene and carbon disulfide, a high PCE of 18.82% is achieved. These results underscore the efficacy of designing solvent additives with aromatic and alkyl units, enabling tailored interactions with the donor and acceptor, thereby presenting a robust strategy for optimizing OSC performance and stability.
Core‐shell TiO2@Au Nanofibers Derived from a Unique Physical Coating Strategy for Excellent Capacitive Energy Storage Nanocomposites
Authors: Ren Zengliang , Shi Zhicheng , Tang Qingyang , Xia Shuimiao , Sun Liang , Fan Runhua , Cui Hongzhi , Wang Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymer dielectrics have been widely employed in pulsed power systems, but their applications are severely restricted by the low energy density. Incorporating core‐shell nanofillers is one promising strategy to enhance the energy density of polymer dielectrics. Nowadays, core‐shell nanofillers are mainly prepared via chemical coating strategies, which always involve complex chemical synthesis procedures. Herein, a unique physical coating strategy is developed to prepare core‐shell TiO2@Au nanofibers consisting of monodispersed Au nanoparticles homogeneously anchored on the TiO2 nanofibers. Interestingly, the TiO2@Au nanofibers show outstanding dielectric energy storage boosting capability. Specifically, with merely introducing 0.1 wt.% TiO2@Au nanofillers, the TiO2@Au/PVDF composite exhibits a substantially enhanced breakdown strength of 749 MV m−1, which reaches 152.8% of PVDF. Meanwhile, a high dielectric constant of 10.2 (114.1% of PVDF) is obtained. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy density of 18.6 J cm−3, which is 250.1% of PVDF, is achieved. It is further revealed that the significant energy storage boosting effect is originated from the Coulomb blockade and micro‐capacitor effects of the TiO2@Au nanofibers. This work establishes a unique paradigm for the facile preparation of core‐shell nanomaterials, which have huge potential for both dielectric energy storage and other functional nanocomposites.
Biphasic Nanoalloys‐Based Trifunctional Monolith for High‐Performance Flexible Zn‐Air Batteries and Self‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Xuhuan , Mao Haoning , Zhou Zining , Li Keer , Li Chen , Ye Qiong , Liu Boping , Fang Yueping , Cai Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSufficient integration of multiple active moieties and correlated heterostructure engineering are pivotal to optimize the reaction kinetics and the intrinsic activities of heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Herein, an integrated heterostructure of biphasic nanoalloys are constructed, encasing in in situ grown and interlaced nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoflake arrays (CoFe‐NiFe/NC). Well‐designed CoFe‐NiFe/NC owns more accessible active sites and interfacial conjugation effects, jointly accelerating the electron transfer and mass transport for multifunctional electrocatalysis. Such unconventional monolith delivers extraordinary trifunctional activities for hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction (overpotential of 185 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and oxygen reduction reaction. The superior trifunctionality of CoFe‐NiFe/NC is rationalized with experimental and theoretical elucidation. Results reveal that the modulated electronic synergism between the Ni, Fe‐assisted Co sites and the adjacent N‐bridged carbon matrix decisively favors the appropriate binding of intermediates for promoted redox kinetics. Consequently, stand‐alone CoFe‐NiFe/NC cathode contributes to high‐performance aqueous/flexible zinc‐air batteries (ZABs), exhibiting high power/specific energy and excellent cycling stability. Remarkably, CoFe‐NiFe/NC‐based alkaline water electrolyzer requires merely 1.51 V to reach 10 mA cm−2, and a self‐driven water splitting system yields a high H2 evolution rate. This unique heterostructure monolith would open up opportunities for developing high‐efficiency multifunctional catalysts and advanced energy utilization devices.
Electrospun Scaffolds are Not Necessarily Always Made of Nanofibers as Demonstrated by Polymeric Heart Valves for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wang Qunsong , Gao Caiyun , Zhai Huajuan , Peng Chen , Yu Xiaoye , Zheng Xiaofan , Zhang Hongjie , Wang Xin , Yu Lin , Wang Shengzhang , Ding Jiandong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the last 30 years, there are ≈60 000 publications about electrospun nanofibers, but it is still unclear whether nanoscale fibers are really necessary for electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds. The present report puts forward this argument and reveals that compared with electrospun nanofibers, microfibers with diameter of ≈3 µm (named as “oligo‐micro fiber”) are more appropriate for tissue engineering scaffolds owing to their better cell infiltration ability caused by larger pores with available nuclear deformation. To further increase pore sizes, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are fabricated using latticed collectors with meshes. Fiber orientation leads to sufficient mechanical strength albeit increases porosity. The latticed scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and improve cell infiltration. Under aortic conditions in vitro, the performances of latticed scaffolds are satisfactory in terms of the acute systolic hemodynamic functionality, except for the higher regurgitation fraction caused by the enlarged pores. This hierarchical electrospun scaffold with sparse fibers in macropores and oligo‐micro fibers in filaments provides new insights into the design of tissue engineering scaffolds, and tissue engineering may provide living heart valves with regenerative capabilities for patients with severe valve disease in the future.
Angiogenesis‐Enabled Human Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment‐Chip Evaluates Pathophysiology of Platelets in Microcirculation
Authors: Ghosh Lopamudra D. , Mathur Tanmay , Tronolone James J. , Chuong Ashley , Rangel Kelly , Corvigno Sara , Sood Anil K. , Jain Abhishek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes angiogenesis for its growth through the recruitment of multiple cells and signaling mechanisms. For example, TME actively recruits and activates platelets from the microcirculation to facilitate metastasis, but platelets may simultaneously also support tumor angiogenesis. Here, to model this complex pathophysiology within the TME that involves a signaling triad of cancer cells, sprouting endothelial cells, and platelets, an angiogenesis‐enabled tumor microenvironment chip (aTME‐Chip) is presented. This platform recapitulates the convergence of physiology of angiogenesis and platelet function within the ovarian TME and describes the contribution of platelets in promoting angiogenesis within an ovarian TME. By including three distinct human ovarian cancer cell‐types, the aTME‐Chip quantitatively reveals the following outcomes—first, introduction of platelets significantly increases angiogenesis; second, the temporal dynamics of angiogenic signaling is dependent on cancer cell type; and finally, tumor‐educated platelets either activated exogenously by cancer cells or derived clinically from a cancer patient accelerate tumor angiogenesis. Further, analysis of effluents available from aTME‐Chip validate functional outcomes by revealing changes in cytokine expression and several angiogenic and metastatic signaling pathways due to platelets. Collectively, this tumor microphysiological system may be deployed to derive antiangiogenic targets combined with antiplatelet treatments to arrest cancer metastasis.
Heterogeneous Nucleating Agent for High‐Boiling‐Point Nonhalogenated Solvent‐Processed Organic Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Chen Haiyang , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Rui , Huang Yuting , Zhang Ben , Zeng Guang , Ding Junyuan , Chen Weijie , Gao Feng , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐boiling‐point nonhalogenated solvents are superior solvents to produce large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs) in industry because of their wide processing window and low toxicity; while, these solvents with slow evaporation kinetics will lead excessive aggregation of state‐of‐the‐art small molecule acceptors (e.g. L8‐BO), delivering serious efficiency losses. Here, a heterogeneous nucleating agent strategy is developed by grafting oligo (ethylene glycol) side‐chains on L8‐BO (BTO‐BO). The formation energy of the obtained BTO‐BO; while, changing from liquid in a solvent to a crystalline phase, is lower than that of L8‐BO irrespective of the solvent type. When BTO‐BO is added as the third component into the active layer (e.g. PM6:L8‐BO), it easily assembles to form numerous seed crystals, which serve as nucleation sites to trigger heterogeneous nucleation and increase nucleation density of L8‐BO through strong hydrogen bonding interactions even in high‐boiling‐point nonhalogenated solvents. Therefore, it can effectively suppress excessive aggregation during growth, achieving ideal phase‐separation active layer with small domain sizes and high crystallinity. The resultant toluene‐processed OSCs exhibit a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.42% (certificated 19.12%) with excellent operational stability. The strategy also has superior advantages in large‐scale devices, showing a 15.03‐cm2 module with a record PCE of 16.35% (certificated 15.97%).
Acceptor Copolymerized Axially Chiral Conjugated Polymers with TADF Properties for Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Long , Tan Ke‐Ke , Guo Wei‐Chen , Guo Chen‐Hao , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChiral conjugated polymer has promoted the development of the efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) device, nevertheless, it remains a challenge to develop chiral polymers with high electroluminescence performance. Herein, by the acceptor copolymerization of axially chiral biphenyl emitting skeleton and benzophenone, a pair of axially chiral conjugated polymers namely R‐PAC and S‐PAC are synthesized. The target polymers exhibit obvious thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) activities with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 81%. Moreover, the chiral polymers display significant circularly polarized luminescence features, with luminescence dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of nearly 3 × 10−3. By using the chiral polymers as emitters, the corresponding circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) exhibit efficient CPEL signals with electroluminescence dissymmetry factor |gEL| of 3.4 × 10−3 and high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 17.8%. Notably, considering both EQEmax and |gEL| comprehensively, the device performance of R‐PAC and S‐PAC is the best among all the reported CP‐OLEDs with chiral conjugated polymers as emitters. This work provides a facile approach to constructing chiral conjugated TADF polymers and discloses the potential of axially chiral conjugated luminescent skeletons in architecting high‐performance CP‐OLEDs.
Hetero‐Diatomic CoN4‐NiN4 Site Pairs with Long‐Range Coupling as Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Yang Yue , Li Bin , Liang Yining , Ni Wenpeng , Li Xuan , Shen Gengzhe , Xu Lin , Chen Zhengjian , Zhu Chun , Liang Jin‐Xia , Zhang Shiguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, Co/Ni‐NC catalyst with hetero‐diatomic Co/Ni active sites dispersed on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix is synthesized via the controlled pyrolysis of ZIF‐8 containing Co2+ and Ni2+ compounds. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that Co and Ni are atomically and uniformly dispersed in pairs of CoN4‐NiN4 with an intersite distance ≈0.41 nm, and there is long‐range d–d coupling between Co and Ni with more electron delocalization for higher bifunctional activity. Besides, the in situ grown carbon nanotubes at the edges of the catalyst particles allow high electronic conductivity for electrocatalysis process. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate the superior ORR and OER bifunctionality of Co/Ni‐NC catalyst with a narrow potential gap of only 0.691 V and long‐term durability, significantly prevailing over the single‐atom Co‐NC and Ni‐NC catalysts and the benchmark Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. Co/Ni‐NC catalyzed Zn–air batteries achieve a high specific capacity of 771 mAh g−1 and a long continuous operation period up to 340 h with a small voltage gap of ≈0.65 V, also much superior to Pt/C‐RuO2.
Designing Reliable Cathode System for High‐Performance Inorganic Solid‐State Pouch Cells
Authors: Wang Shuying , Liu Sheng , Chen Wei , Hu Yin , Chen Dongjiang , He Miao , Zhou Mingjie , Lei Tianyu , Zhang Yagang , Xiong Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes fascinate a large body of researchers in terms of overcoming the inferior energy density and safety issues of existing lithium‐ion batteries. To date, the cathode designs in the ASSBs achieve remarkable achievements, adding the urgency of scaling up the battery system toward inorganic solid‐state pouch cell configuration for the application market. Herein, the recent developments of cathode materials and the design considerations for their application in the pouch cell format are reviewed to straighten out the roadmap of ASSBs. Specifically, the intercalation compounds and the conversion materials with conversion chemistries are highlighted and discussed as two potentially valuable material types. This review focuses on the basic electrochemical mechanisms, mechanical contact issues, and sheet‐type structure in inorganic solid‐state pouch cells with corresponding perspectives, thus guiding the future research direction. Finally, the benchmarks for manufacturing inorganic solid‐state pouch cells to meet practical high energy density targets are provided in this review for the development of commercially viable products.