bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement and immunoglobulin levels in the serum and thoracic duct lymph of the rat
Authors: Kaartinen M. , Kosunen T. U. , Mäkelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood serum and thoracic duct lymph were collected from sixteen rats. Total protein, albumin and electrophoretic (β + γ)‐globulin concentrations of both fluids were determined. The rats had been immunized with (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) or 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten, and anti‐hapten antibodies were measured. Hemolytic complement was titrated in ten cases.Logarithmic mean values (antilogs of logarithmic means) of the studied proteins or protein mixtures were the following:

Mol. Wt.
Serum concentration
Lymph concentration (% of serum concentration)

Albumin
69 000
28.8 g/l
60

(β + γ)‐globulin
150 000
13.4 g/l
51

7 S anti‐NIP
150 000
622 units
53

Complement
?
99 units
32

19 S anti‐DNP
900 000
18.4 units
25

While the results partly confirmed earlier data, two new findings emerged. One of them was the low concentration of hemolytic complement in the lymph. Another was evidence suggesting that rats with a low lymph antibody level tended also to have a low complement level. This was true even when all lymph values were corrected by a factor that brought the lymph albumin level to the albumin level in serum.
Agglutinating activities of the subunits of one igm cold agglutinin treated with various reducing agents
Authors: Doinel C. , Ropars C. , Salmon C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA single 19 S IgM cold agglutinin was reduced with various agents. The agglutinating activity of such subunits and of reaggregation polymers was measured in a Technicon Autoanalyzer, using two different techniques.Preservation of intra‐ and interchain disulfide bridges is essential for agglutinating activity. Excess 2‐mercaptoethanol destroyed this activity almost totally, whereas subunits obtained with 0.02 M cysteine retained the highest degree of activity. Subunits obtained with dithiothreitol also retained appreciable activity, although their interchain disulfide bonds were destroyed. Subunits prepared with mercaptoethylamine exhibited weak activity, which may be due to the disulfide bonds' being broken in one of the two μ‐light chain pairs.The tridimensional structure and polymeric form of the molecule are essential factors, since noncovalent polymers always had a higher activity than their subunits. Reoxidation of nonalkylated subunits prepared by cysteine recovered 75 % of the native IgM activity.
Dna synthesis in vitro during contact sensitivity in the mouse
Authors: Barnes R. M. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA system is presented for the determination of DNA synthesis in vitro during contact sensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse.Lymph node cells from mice immunized by skin painting with picryl chloride responded in culture to various 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (picryl) protein conjugates with increased incorporation of [14C]thymidine.Some detail was devoted to defining the optimal conditions for culture and it is suggested that this technique would be useful to investigate whether responding cells in culture are thymus (T) or bone marrow (B)‐derived, the importance of hapten: carrier substitution ratios for cell triggering, and the effects of induction of immunological unresponsiveness.
in vitro studies of allotype suppression in mice
Authors: Jacobson Ethel B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLong‐term allotype suppression in (SJL x BALB/c)F1 mice has been investigated in vitro, using a culture system which can be maintained over a period of at least 2 weeks.Spleen cells from (SJL x BALB/c)F1 nonsuppressed mice, primed 2 to 5 months earlier, were cultured at a concentration of 3 x 106 cells together with 106 spleen or lymph node cells from suppressed or from nonsuppressed (control) mice and challenged in vitro with SRBC. Cultures were assayed on days 5, 8, 11, and 14 by the PFC assay, using specific anti‐allotype sera to develop indirect plaques.Cells from suppressed mice were extremely efficient in preventing a “b” allotype response of the primed cells in vitro, even though the “a” allotype response in the same cultures was unaffected. A time lapse of approximately one week in culture was required before suppression was very obvious. The suppressive effect was abolished by treatment of suppressor cells with anti‐θ serum. Evidence is presented that the suppressive effect is due to the production of a diffusible factor, rather than to a direct cell‐cell interaction.
Antibody response by rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes in microcultures
Authors: Luzzati Alma L. , Lefkovits I. , Pernis B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe microculture method, originally developed for use with mouse spleen cells, was adapted for studying the antibody response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from primed rabbits. An optimal response was obtained with a cell density of 4 x 106 cells per ml. The antibody response had a relatively long latency and reached its maximum after 15 – 19 days of culture. The fraction of positive microcultures varied greatly from rabbit to rabbit, but usually did not exceed 20 %. The culture fluid of positive microcultures contained a varying level of anti‐SRC antibody, often reaching a hemolytic titer of 1 : 1000. An antibody response could also be obtained with rabbit spleen cells. In this case, the fraction of positive cultures was greater and the latency was shorter than with peripheral blood lymphocytes.
A rapid method for the isolation of functional thymus‐derived murine lymphocytes
Authors: Julius M. H. , Simpson Elizabeth , Herzenberg L. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rapid method is described for effectively removing immunoglobulin‐bearing cells from either primed or unprimed mouse spleen and lymph node cell suspensions. Incubation of cell suspensions in nylon wool columns for 45 min at 37 °C resulted in a 9 to 100‐fold depletion of immunoglobulin‐bearing cells and a complementary 1.5 to 2‐fold enrichment of T cells in the column effluent populations.The effluent population, derived from passage of spleen cells through these columns, was virtually devoid of B precursor and memory cell activity, but contained all of the helper cell and cytotoxic effector cell precursor activity when compared to unfractionated spleen cells.
Soluble mediators of t‐b interaction
Authors: Gisler R. H. , Staber F. , Rüde E. , Dukor P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSupernatants of antigen‐activated T cells (ATC) were tested for their B cell‐activating potential in T cell‐deprived mouse lymphocyte cultures. Antigenic stimulation of ATC induced the simultaneous release of antigen‐specific and nonspecific factors. The effect of the nonspecific supernatant factor was restricted to the potentiation of antibody responses against fully or partially T‐independent antigens (dinitrophenylated aminoethyl dextran or heterologous erythrocytes, respectively). Expression of the nonspecific activity depended on a macrophage function, which could be replaced by 2‐mercaptoethanol, whereas the specific factor required the physical presence of the macrophage.
Antibody response, measured by a plaque assay, compared to cellular response after skin allograft in mice
Authors: Degiovanni G. , Lejeune G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymph node cells and spleen cells from recipients of skin allografts were tested in vitro for both cellular and humoral immunity against the same target cells. Their maximum response is attained close to the time of skin allograft rejection. However, a significant number of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) and high circulating cytotoxic antibody titers were still observed at a moment when the cytotoxic effect expressed by the sensitized lymphocytes had disappeared. Pretreatment of sensitized lymphoid cells with anti‐θ‐serum and complement completely abolished cell‐mediated cytotoxicity.
Precursor cell division during the immune response in vitro: antigen‐induced and “spontaneous” antibody‐forming cells
Authors: Kettman J. , Yin Elaine , Dutton R. W. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract“Background” or “spontaneous” plaque‐forming cells (PFC) which arise during in vitro culture of mouse spleen cells may be eliminated by a hot thymidine pulse. This does not prevent the subsequent addition of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or trinitrophenylated (TNP) SRBC eliciting a primary immune response.Using mouse spleen cells, resently primed by carrier (SRBC), it was found that an early “hot pulse” (for the first 24 hours of culture) can eliminate the anti‐SRBC response, but not the primary anti‐TNP response which is dependent on carrier‐specific, θ‐bearing, radioresistant spleen cells.
The effect of pertussis adjuvant on antibody production: the need for thymus‐dependent lymphocytes
Authors: Hay F. C. , Torrigiani G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe response to human serum albumin in the BALB/c mouse immunoglobulin classes has been examined both with and without B. pertussis (BP) organisms as adjuvant. Without BP, IgG1 was found to be the only thymus‐dependent class. The presence of thymus‐dependent lymphocytes was necessary for BP to have its full adjuvant effect, although some activity was observed in neonatally thymectomized mice. In thymectomized mice IgG1 antibody was stimulated significantly by BP, but only to half the level seen in intact mice. Although IgG2a and IgG2b both rose in these mice after BP treatment, the difference was not significant. IgA and IgM were both unchanged. Thus, as well as being needed for increased stimulation of IgG1, the thymus was particularly required for BP to increase the response in the classes of immunoglobulin not usually found to be thymus‐dependent for soluble antigens.
Studies in vascular permeability. ii. comparative extravasation of different immunoglobulin classes in normal guinea pig skin
Authors: Jullien‐Vitoux Danielle , Voisin G. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to study the tissue accessibility for different immunoglobulin classes (known to be heterogenous according to their immunobiological and physiochemical properties) the extravasation rate of passively injected radiolabeled guinea pig IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM were compared in normal homologous (guinea pig) cutaneous tissues.As a criterion of unaltered globulins, the half‐lives were estimated and their immunobiological properties (complement fixation, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis or bacterial agglutination) were assayed before and after radiolabeling. The average half‐life of IgG1 was 6.8 days, that of IgG2, 4.8 and that of IgM, 1.2.The extravasation rate of IgG was found higher than that of IgM by using a paired radiolabel technique, IgG and IgM mixture being injected intravenously simultaneously in the same animal. It was further found that the extravasation rate of IgG1 is slightly higher than that of IgG2.The immunopathological consequences of these findings are discussed in view of the observed discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo activities of the same immune sera containing mixtures of antibodies of same specificity, but of the different immunoglobulin classes.
Inhibition of lymphocyte‐mediated cytolysis by the local anesthetics benzyl and salicyl alcohol
Authors: Kemp A. S. , Berke G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe local anesthetics, benzyl and salicyl alcohol, are effective inhibitors of lymphocyte‐mediated cytolysis (LMC) in vitro. LMC is not inhibited when the cytotoxic lymphocytes or target cells are preincubated in drug concentrations which are inhibitory if present during the reaction. Analysis of the cytolytic reaction has indicated that the inhibition of LMC is due to an interference with the interaction of lymphocytes and target cells, rather than suppression of the lytic phase of the reaction. Investigation of the effect on LMC of a number of different compounds with local anesthetic properties has shown that they inhibit LMC when present in similar concentrations to those known to block nerve impulse conduction. It is suggested that reversible cell membrane disorganization produced by these substances is the means whereby LMC is inhibited.
Impaired recirculation of b lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Flad H. D. , Huber C. , Bremer K. , Menne H. D. , Huber H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes of the peripheral blood and thoracic duct lymph were studied in 4 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL),1 patient with lymphosarcoma (LSA) and 3 patients with nonhematolo‐gical diseases (controls). When stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglu‐tinin (PHA) lymph lymphocytes of CLL patients responded markedly as determined by 14[C]thymidine incorporation, whereas blood lymphocytes showed a delayed and diminished response. The response of blood and lymph lymphocytes of the LSA and control patients was equal. Purified rabbit antisera against κ,λ, μ and γ‐chains were labeled with 25I and the labeled cells assessed by autoradiography. In CLL patients, the percentage of lymphocytes bearing κ and μ determinants was higher in the blood than in the lymph. Controls showed a much lower percentage of lymphocytes with immunoglobulins, which was equal in blood and lymph. Furthermore, the membrane dynamics of HL‐A‐anti‐HL‐A complexes on the surface of blood and lymph lymphocytes were studied by means of membrane fluorescence. In CLL, the percentage of lymph lymphocytes showing “cap formation” within 2 h was higher in the lymph than in the blood. Using autotransfusion of [3H‐]cytidine‐labeled blood lymphocytes, it is shown that the recovery of labeled cells in the lymph of CLL patients within 48 h is diminished compared to controls.It is concluded that in CLL, the leukemic cells are B cells whose capacity to recirculate from blood to lymph through the postcapillary venules is impaired. Only a minor population of PHA‐responsive T cells appears to recirculate normally. Consequently, the concentration of T cells is higher in the lymph than in the blood and the leukemic B lymphocytes accumulate in the vascular pool. The impaired ability for recirculation and “cap formation” suggests a membrane abnormality of the CLL cell.
Heterogeneity in combining site specificity of anti‐hapten antibodies produced in response to a panosyl‐azoprotein conjugate
Authors: Martineau R. S. , Allen P. Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPanose (O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1→6)‐O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐glucose) and maltose (O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐glucose) coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by means of an azophenyl linkage provided the synthetic antigens panosyl‐BSA and maltosyl‐BSA, used to examine the anti‐hapten specificity of rabbit sera prepared against panosyl‐BSA.The combining site specificity of cross‐reactive antibodies in carrier‐absorbed anti‐panoside sera was investigated by quantitative hapten inhibition of maltosyl BSA‐anti‐panoside cross‐precipitation and compared with data obtained by inhibition of homologous precipitation.Immunochemical data obtained demonstrate a heterogeneity in the combining site specificity of anti‐hapten produced in response to panosyl‐BSA and establish the occurrence of at least two distinct kinds of antibody directed against the α‐(1→6)‐α‐(1→4) sequence of glucose units. One type of anti‐panoside, inhibited more effectively by isomaltose than by maltose, shows isomaltose end group immunodominance. A second type of anti‐panoside, cross‐precipitated by maltosyl‐BSA and more effectively inhibited by maltose than by isomaltose, shows maltose immunodominance.
The effect of x‐irradiation on the appearance of antibody‐forming cells in the mouse spleen following the injection of sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Zaalberg O. B. , Van Meul V. A. Der , Rossi G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of ionizing irradiation on the formation of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the mouse spleen were investigated. The radiation effect is expressed as the reduction in numbers of PFC in irradiated mice as compared to the number of these cells in the control mice.A simple negative exponential radiation dose‐response relation was obtained with mice which were injected with SRBC 24 h after irradiation. The D37 for both the primary and the secondary IgM and IgG responses under these conditions was about 90 rad. Antigen injection in a period extending from 24 h before, to 2 h after irradiation resulted in a dose‐response curve with a shoulder, both for the IgM and IgG response.The doubling time of the number of PFC in the spleen during the first four days after antigen injection was not influenced by irradiation with 186 rad or less. With 279 rad, however, the doubling time increased.An explanation for the shoulder in the dose response curve is presented, which is an alternative to the usual explanation denoted by the “multi‐hit” effect of irradiation as a causative mechanism. It is postulated that the shoulder is a consequence of the masking of the irradiation effect by a process which normally regulates the extent of the immune response.
L'idiotypie des anticorps de lapins anti‐salmonella abortus‐equi (résultats récents)
Authors: Bordenave G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic sera which precipitate the anti‐Salmonella abortus‐equi (Sae) serum used for their preparation (homologous reactions) sometimes precipitate anti‐Sae sera other than the one used for their preparation (heterologous reactions). The frequency of these heterologous reactions is about 3 % for 5036 studied reactions.We have detected heterologous idiotypes in several different individuals, which apparently were not distinguished from homologous ones in the reaction in gel medium with the same anti‐idiotypic serum. However, the quantity of heterologous anti‐Sae serum necessary for inhibiting the homologous reaction is always larger than that necessary for inhibiting the heterologous reaction observed with the same anti‐idiotypic serum.Homologous and heterologous reactions indicate that antibodies produced by rabbits submitted to the same anti‐idiotypic immunization were sometimes directed against different idiotypes and even against different idiotypic determinants of the same idiotype.We have separated two different IgG idiotypes by the isoelectrofocusing technique. These two idiotypes seem to have different idiotypic specificities.
L'idiotypie comparée des anticorps de lapins différents contre salmonella abortus‐equi et contre le virus de la mosaique du tabac. observation d'une réactivité croisée entre certains idiotypes d'anticorps contre ces deux matériels antigéniques
Authors: Bordenave G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIdiotypic determinants of anti‐tabacco mosaic virus (TMV) antibodies produced by different rabbits can sometimes show a very strong similarity. The frequency of precipitin reactions between sera against anti‐TMV idiotypes and anti‐TMV sera which are not used for their preparation (heterologous reactions) is about 4 %.We have compared idiotypy of anti‐TMV antibodies and idiotypy of anti‐Salmonella abortus‐equi (Sae) antibodies produced by different rabbits. We have observed precipitin reactions between anti‐Sae sera and sera against anti‐TMV idiotypes and vice versa. However, anti‐Sae antibodies do not combine with TMV and vice versa. Anti‐idiotypic sera which precipitate anti‐TMV antibodies in the homologous anti‐TMV serum can also precipitate anti‐Sae antibodies in a heterologous anti‐Sae serum. In the same way, anti‐idiotypic sera which precipitate anti‐Sae antibodies in the homologous serum can also precipitate anti‐TMV antibodies in a heterologous anti‐TMV serum. We have observed 3 heterologous reactions during the study of 1260 reactions in which anti‐TMV sera and sera against anti‐Sae idiotypes are involved. We have observed 3 heterologous reactions during the study of 436 reactions in which anti‐Sae sera and sera against anti‐TMV idiotypes are involved.Previous absorption of anti‐idiotypic serum by the homologous serum causes these heterologous reactions to disappear. We have observed, in the case of two of these heterologous reactions, that addition to the anti‐idiotypic serum of an excess of the heterologous serum IgG could cause the homologous reaction to disappear.These heterologous reactions between sera against different antigens do not seem to imply the rabbit rheumatoid factor‐like substance. These reactions imply idiotypy of anti‐Sae antibodies and idiotypy of anti‐TMV antibodies.
Differentiation of antibody‐synthesizing cells to production of allelic variants of rat immunoglobulin light chains
Authors: Rokhlin O. V. , Nezlin R. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn individual F1 hybrid rats, heterozygous for allelic genes of immunoglobulin light chains, the ratio of two allotypic variants of these chains was determined in antibodies to dansyl and p‐aminobenzoic groups. From data obtained it was concluded that the differentiation of antibody‐producing cells with respect to allelic genes represents an antigen‐independent process. The ratio of allotypes in antibodies was detected following each of three antigen injections. The allotypic composition of antibodies isolated after the primary immunization was shown to be different from that of antibodies formed after the second immunization. Such differences were not found between antibodies isolated after the second and third immunizations. It might be that a new or, in any case, renovated population of antibody‐producing cells is involved in immune response after a second antigen injection.
The separation of human b lymphocytes on a digestible immunoadsorbent column
Authors: Thomas D. B. , Phillips Bernice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA procedure is described for the separation of human B lymphocytes on a digestible immunoadsorbent. Antiglobulin was attached to a Sephadex support by means of a digestible gelatin bridge. Immunoglobulin‐bearing B cells were retained by the columns, while the eluate was enriched for T lymphocytes. Retained B cells were removed from the column by collagenase digestion. These cells were viable and responded to the mitogenic stimulation of phytohemagglutinin.
Cytotoxic activity of antibodies to a collagen‐like synthetic polytripeptide on cells in tissue culture
Authors: Maoz A. , Dym H. , Fuchs Sara , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to the ordered collagen‐like synthetic polymer (Pro‐Gly‐Pro)n, as well as antiserum to rat tail collagen, have a similar specific cytotoxic activity on primary cultures of rat muscle cells and on rat embryo fibroblasts. This cytotoxic effect is complement‐dependent, and could be observed both in monolayers and in cell suspensions.
Measurement of the second and fourth components of rat complement
Authors: Wyatt H. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat C4 from serum and rat C2 from tissue cultures and serum have been measured using different systems. For rat C2 the highest titer was obtained using EAC1gp 4gp and rat C‐EDTA 1:2 with a Tmax of about 10 min. The decay time of EAC1gp 4gp2rat was one log every 40 minutes. For measuring the C4 content of rat serum, rat C‐EDTA only increased the titer twofold over that obtained by using guinea pig C‐EDTA.