bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Behavioral Genetics Modeling Using Mplus: Applications of Factor Mixture Modeling to Twin Data
Authors: Muthén Bengt , Asparouhov Tihomir , Rebollo Irene 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article discusses new latent variable techniques developed by the authors. As an illustration, a new factor mixture model is applied to the monozygotic–dizygotic twin analysis of binary items measuring alcohol-use disorder. In this model, heritability is simultaneously studied with respect to latent class membership and within-class severity dimensions. Different latent classes of individuals are allowed to have different heritability for the severity dimensions. The factor mixture approach appears to have great potential for the genetic analyses of heterogeneous populations. Generalizations for longitudinal data are also outlined.
Phenotypic Factor Analysis of Family Data: Correction of the Bias Due to Dependency
Authors: Rebollo Irene , de Moor Marleen H. M. , Dolan Conor V. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwin registries form an exceptionally rich source of information that is largely unexploited for phenotypic analyses. One obstacle to straightforward phenotypic statistical analysis is the inherent dependency, which is due to the clustering of cases within families. The present simulation study gauges the degree of the bias produced by the dependency of family data on the estimates of standard errors and chi-squared, when they are treated as independent observations in a phenotypic model, and assesses the efficiency of an estimator, which corrects for dependency. When family-clustered data are used for phenotypic analysis, in treating individuals as independent, and using standard maximum likelihood estimation, there is a tendency for the chi-square statistic to be overestimated, and the standard errors of the parameters to be underestimated. The bias increases with family resemblance, due to heritability or shared environment. The source of family resemblance — either heritability (h2) and/or shared environment (c2) — interacts with the composition of the sample. In the absence of c2, samples with twins, parents and spouses show the lowest bias, whereas in the presence of c2 samples with only twins show the lowest bias. In all conditions the bias remained below 15%. The use of the ‘complex option’ available in Mplus (clustering corrected robust maximum likelihood estimation) reduces the bias to the levels observed when only independent cases are considered. Thus with the use of robust estimates the bias due to family dependency becomes practically negligible in all conditions of dependency. In conclusion, the present study shows that the bias due to dependency in family data does not form a serious obstacle to phenotypic data analysis.
A Finite Mixture Model for Genotype and Environment Interactions: Detecting Latent Population Heterogeneity
Authors: Gillespie Nathan A. , Neale Michael C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractApproaches such as DeFries-Fulker extremes regression (LaBuda et al., 1986) are commonly used in genetically informative studies to assess whether familial resemblance varies as a function of the scores of pairs of twins. While useful for detecting such effects, formal modeling of differences in variance components as a function of pairs' trait scores is rarely attempted. We therefore present a finite mixture model which specifies that the population consists of latent groups which may differ in (i) their means, and (ii) the relative impact of genetic and environmental factors on within-group variation and covariation. This model may be considered as a special case of a factor mixture model, which combines the features of a latent class model with those of a latent trait model. Various models for the class membership of twin pairs may be employed, including additive genetic, common environment, specific environment or major locus (QTL) factors. Simulation results based on variance components derived from Turkheimer and colleagues (2003), illustrate the impact of factors such as the difference in group means and variance components on the feasibility of correctly estimating the parameters of the mixture model. Model-fitting analyses estimated group heritability as .49, which is significantly greater than heritability for the rest of the population in early childhood. These results suggest that factor mixture modeling is sufficiently robust for detecting heterogeneous populations even when group mean differences are modest.
Influences on Achieving Motor Milestones: A Twin–Singleton Study
Authors: Brouwer Silvia I. , van Beijsterveldt Toos C. E. M. , Bartels Meike , Hudziak James J. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to determine if twinning impacted achievement of motor milestones the attainment of early motor milestones in twins was examined and compared to published data from singletons of the same age from the same culture and birth years. We examined the influence of twinning, sex, zygosity and birth cohort (1987–2001) on the motor development of twins aged 0 to 24 months. Data on the attainment of motor milestones (turn, sit, crawl, stand and walk) of twins were collected from maternal reports. All data were corrected for gestational age. Data from the twin sample were compared to normative data from singletons, which were available from Child Health Clinics (CHC). Analyses across twin data and the CHC singleton data revealed no differences between twins and singletons in achievement of motor milestones. Girls were able to sit without support slightly earlier than boys, otherwise there were no other sex differences. Birth-order analyses revealed minimal but significant differences in turning over from back to belly and for sitting without support between the first- and second-born. Dizygotic (DZ) twins were faster than monozygotic (MZ) twins in achieving the moment of sit, crawl, stand and walk. Twins born in earlier cohorts were faster in reaching the moment of crawl, sit and walk. It is concluded that there are no differences in time of reaching motor milestones between twins and singletons within the normal range. Sex has minimal to no effect on motor development in early childhood. DZ twins achieve motor milestones sooner than MZ twins. Attainment of gross motor milestones (crawl, stand and walk) is delayed in later birth cohorts.
The Evolution of Female Orgasm: Adaptation or Byproduct?
Authors: Puts David Andrew , Dawood Khytam 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDo women experience orgasm because this trait was shaped by natural selection to augment female fitness? Or are women merely the lucky recipients of developmental patterns favored by selection to produce orgasm in males? A recent and widely publicized book by Elisabeth Lloyd (2005a) contends that there is insufficient evidence to validate any of the adaptive explanations yet proposed for female orgasm. We agree. But our reading of the data differs from Lloyd's. In this essay, we outline why, unlike Caton (2006), whose review of Lloyd's book appeared previously in this journal, we are not persuaded by Lloyd's argument that female orgasm is a nonadaptive byproduct of orgasm in men. We hold this view because we disagree with the criteria Lloyd uses to evaluate evolutionary hypotheses, and because we believe Lloyd defines female orgasm too narrowly, ignoring critical information about its affective aspects.
Same or Separate Classrooms: A Twin Bill; The Birth of the Asian Society for Twin Studies; Research Reviews; More Extraordinary Lives of Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew legislation giving parents a voice in deciding their twins' school placement situation (same or separate classrooms) was passed in Minnesota in spring 2005. Since then, parents in several other states have started petitions and lobbying efforts to persuade their senators and representatives to follow suit. A review and update of these exciting developments is presented, followed by a report from the recently established Asian Society for Twin Studies. Reviews of two new twin studies — bases of political attitudes and age effects on dizygotic twinning — are presented. The uniquely informative lives of several twin pairs are also documented.
Beyond accessibility? Toward an on-line and memory-based model of framing effects
Authors: Matthes Jörg 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This theoretical article investigates the effects of media frames on individuals' judgments. In contrast to previous theorizing, we suggest that framing scholars should embrace both, on-line and memory-based judgment formation processes. Based on that premise, we propose a model that distinguishes between two phases of framing effects. Along the first phase, the media's framing contributes to the formation of an on-line or a memory-based judgment. The second phase describes six hypothetical routes for the stability or the change of these judgments: maintenance, readjustment, crystallization, inoculation, persuasion, and attenuation. At the heart of our model, we try to extract predictors for each of those routes. Finally, the implications of the proposed model for future framing research are discussed.
Diversity Monitor 2005. Diversity as a quality aspect of television in the Netherlands
Authors: Koeman Joyce , Peeters Allerd , D'Haenens Leen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This article looks into the way in which public-service as well as commercial TV stations in the Netherlands assume their social responsibility towards a pluralist society. After all, television channels are expected to be ‘mirrors of society’; the key question is then how successful their programs are in conveying a well-balanced representation of all groups in society. By means of a quantitative analysis, the Diversity Monitor charts the (re)presentation of different groups, with a particular focus on gender, age, and ethnicity. Apart from diversity, and as a subcomponent of the Quality Card (McKinsey, 2003), the Monitor also reviews innovation as an indicator of program quality. The results reveal a wide diversity of TV programs in the Netherlands, but diversity as such is no guarantee of a balanced (re)presentation of society at large. Due to selection mechanisms on the side of the broadcaster and the public, what the viewer eventually gets is at the most a mirror of his or her own group.
Pseudo-Clemens Romanus, homilia 3,72 als petrinisches Konsekrationsgebet der Kopten und der ägyptischen Melchiten
Authors: Brakmann Heinzgerd 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Several consecration rites of the Coptic liturgy and the liturgy of the Egyptian Melkites take up the prayer by Clemens Romanus, homilia 3,72 supplying therefore an up to now almost unconsidered attestation of their little spread model. The liturgical editing of the prayer originates from the time before the Alexandrine patriarchy split up as a result of the council of Chalkedon. It's probably part of the late-antique Corpus orationum of the lost Alexandrine ordination liturgy, from which later liturgicals of both denominations served themselves.
Apollinaris of Laodicea: A Neglected Link of Trinitarian Theology between East and West?
Authors: Gemeinhardt Peter 
Published: March 2007

Zusammenfassung
Die Trinitätslehre des Apollinaris von Laodicea hat in der patristischen Forschung bislang nur wenig Beachtung gefunden. Aufgrund einer verbreiterten Quellenbasis durch die Zuweisung von Ps.-Athanasius, Contra Sabellianos und Ps.-Basilius, Contra Eunomium IV–V an Apollinaris wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung dargelegt, daß mit dessen trinitarischer Theologie ein eigenständiger Entwurf in die Diskussionen der 360er Jahre eingebracht wurde. Charakteristisch dafür ist die Identifizierung von Ousia und Hypostasis und die Unterscheidung der Personen durch

, die sowohl eine reale Dreiheit zu behaupten als auch einer „Dreipersönlichkeit“ Gottes zu widersprechen erlauben. Während sich im Osten mit Basilius von Caesarea die Rede von drei Hypostasen durchzusetzen begann, könnte Apollinaris' Theologie eine bislang nicht beachtete Nachwirkung im lateinischen Westen entfaltet haben. Es wird damit möglicherweise stringenter zu erklären sein, wie sich innerhalb des nizänischen Grundkonsenses bezüglich der Homousie der trinitarischen Personen in Ost und West unterschiedliche, nicht aufeinander reduzierbare Konzepte etablierten, deren Einheit und Dreiheit begrifflich konsistent zu fassen ist.
Der ‚Cherubische Einzug‘ im ‚Tempel des Lichts‘. Die Inszenierung der geistlichen Identität des christlichen Kaisers in der Spätantike
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang Christian 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The article elucidates the liturgical context of the Cherubic hymn, officially installed in the liturgy of the Hagia Sophia in 573/574. The detailed analysis of the hymn and its biblical background leads to the suggestion that the Emperor Justin II. wanted a theological interpretation of his reign being expressed. Taking into account especially the role of the Emperor in the procession this seems very probable. So even the criticizing of the official installation of the hymn appears to be an important political struggle about the relation between Emperor and church: Justin II. wanted to make permanent the special role of the Emperor during the inauguration of the Hagia Sophia.
Book Reviews
Authors: Clarke Simon A. 
Published: March 2007

Kanga:The Cloth that Speaks by Sharifa M. Zawawi. New York: Azaniya Hills Press, 2005. 128 pp.Simon A. Clarke studied printed textiles at Middlesex University and Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, University of Central England. As a Senior Lecturer at University College Falmouth, Clarke's current area of research is digitally printed textiles and Eastern African visual arts.
Dual high‐gain‐based adaptive output‐feedback control for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Krishnamurthy P. , Khorrami F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe propose an adaptive output‐feedback controller for a general class of nonlinear triangular (strict‐feedback‐like) systems. The design is based on our recent results on a new high‐gain control design approach utilizing a dual high‐gain observer and controller architecture with a dynamic scaling. The technique provides strong robustness properties and allows the system class to contain unknown functions dependent on all states and involving unknown parameters (with no magnitude bounds required). Unlike our earlier result on this problem where a time‐varying design of the high‐gain scaling parameter was utilized, the technique proposed here achieves an autonomous dynamic controller by introducing a novel design of the observer, the scaling parameter, and the adaptation parameter. This provides a time‐invariant dynamic output‐feedback globally asymptotically stabilizing solution for the benchmark open problem proposed in our earlier work with no magnitude bounds or sign information on the unknown parameter being necessary. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Biochemistry of Drug Metabolism – An Introduction
Authors: Testa Bernard , Krämer Stefanie D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis review continues a general presentation of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics started in a recent issue ofChemistry & Biodiversity.ThisPart 2presents the numerous oxidoreductases involved, their nomenclature, relevant biochemical properties, catalytic mechanisms, and the very diverse reactions they catalyze. Many medicinally, environmentally, and toxicologically relevant examples are presented and discussed. Cytochromes P450 occupy a majority of the pages ofPart 2, but a large number of relevant oxidoreductases are also considered,e.g., flavin‐containing monooxygenases, amine oxidases, molybdenum hydroxylases, peroxidases, and the innumerable dehydrogenases/reductases.
2,2′,4‐Trihydroxybenzophenone: Crystal Structure, and Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Doriguetto Antônio C. , Martins Felipe T. , Ellena Javier , Salloum Rogério , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Moreira Maria E. C. , Schneedorf José M. , Nagem Tanus J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe crystal structure of ‘2,2′,4‐trihydroxybenzophenone’ (=(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methanone; 1) was determined, and its molecular structure, along with intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonds, was analyzed. The anti‐inflammatory potential of 1, evaluated by means of the rat‐paw‐edema assay, with carrageenan as inflammation stimulus, was found to be similar high as that of indomethacin. In contrast, benzophenone proper (2) was hardly active in this assay. Our results indicate that these anti‐inflammatory effects are related to the action of kinins and prostaglandins. The radical‐scavenging properties of 1 towards DPPH were found to be similar as those of typical phenolics, but somewhat lower than that of ascorbic acid. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) of 1 is discussed.
Applications of CE‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis to structural elucidation of methylenecyclohexane ozonolysis products in the particle phase
Authors: Müller Conny , Iinuma Yoshiteru , Böge Olaf , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the gas phase ozonolysis of methylenecyclohexane was analyzed in a series of indoor aerosol chamber experiments. Capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐ion trap mass spectrometry (CE/ESI‐ITMS) was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SOA constituents. A number of dicarboxylic acids in the range of C5–C6, such as adipic acid and glutaric acid, were found as major components of the organic products. Besides these smaller compounds, the formation of higher‐molecular‐weight compounds were observed under both neutral and acidic conditions. MS/MS experiments were carried out in order to obtain information on the monomer units and the structure of the dimers. MS2 experiments of the two most prominent dimers with a mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) of 257 and m/z 273 yielded common fragments of m/z 83, 129 or 145. Based on the fragmentation patterns, these dimers are tentatively identified as carboxylate ester acids containing a unit of adipic acid in the structure. The dimer with m/z 257 was nearly 60% of the total detected compounds for both the neutral and acidic seed particle experiments.
The Haicheng, China, earthquake of 4 February 1975; the first successfully predicted major earthquake
Authors: Adams R. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe earthquake of magnitude 7.3 that occurred near the town of Haicheng in north‐east China on 4 February 1975 was the first major earthquake anywhere in the world known to have been predicted with enough certainty for people to have been warned, and measures taken for civil protection. These steps were successful in keeping the number of casualties small. This paper describes a visit to the affected area seven and a half months after the earthquake, and discussions with Chinese scientists about their successful prediction methods. The prediction resulted from the synthesis of many types of investigation, but the main methods used for long‐, mid‐ and short‐term prediction appear to have been based on studies of seismicity, deformation and foreshocks respectively.
Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Study of Tyrosine Covalently Linked to High‐Valent Copper(III) and Manganese(IV) Complexes
Authors: Xia Ming , Liu Jianhui , Gao Yan , Åkermark Björn , Sun Licheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs bio‐inspired chemical model of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II, a new tyrosine‐modified corrole ligand3and its high‐valent copper and manganese complexes3aand3bwere synthesized and characterized. The copper complexes1aand2aof corrole1and2were also prepared for comparison. The emission property indicates that the emission of ligands2and3is located at 670 nm, but no emission is observed for their metal complexes due to its suppression by the metal center. The electrochemical study shows that3amight dimerize at the first two reversible oxidations, a behavior which was not observed in the case of1aand2a. The corrolato manganese(IV) complex3bshows one reversible reduction and one quasireversible oxidation at −0.17 and 0.77 Vvs.Ag/Ag+, respectively.
L576P KIT mutation in anal melanomas correlates with KIT protein expression and is sensitive to specific kinase inhibition
Authors: Antonescu Cristina R. , Busam Klaus J. , Francone Todd D. , Wong Grace C. , Guo Tianhua , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Besmer Peter , Jungbluth Achim , Gimbel Mark , Chen Chin‐Tung , Veach Darren , Clarkson Bayard D. , Paty Philip B. , Weiser Martin R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractActivating mutations in either BRAF or NRAS are seen in a significant number of malignant melanomas, but their incidence appears to be dependent to ultraviolet light exposure. Thus, BRAF mutations have the highest incidence in non‐chronic sun damaged (CSD), and are uncommon in acral, mucosal and CSD melanomas. More recently, activating KIT mutations have been described in rare cases of metastatic melanoma, without further reference to their clinical phenotypes. This finding is intriguing since KIT expression is downregulated in most melanomas progressing to more aggressive lesions. In this study, we investigated a group of anal melanomas for the presence of BRAF, NRAS, KIT and PDGFRA mutations. A heterozygous KIT exon 11 L576P substitution was identified in 3 of 20 cases tested. The 3 KIT mutation‐carrying tumors were strongly immunopositive for KIT protein. No KIT mutations were identified in tumors with less than 4+ KIT immunostaining. NRAS mutation was identified in one tumor. No BRAF or PDGFRA mutations were identified in either KIT positive or negative anal melanomas. In vitro drug testing of stable transformant Ba/F3 KITL576P mutant cells showed sensitivity for dasatinib (previously known as BMS‐354825), a dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor, and imatinib. However, compared to an imatinib‐sensitive KIT mutant, dasatinib was potent at lower doses than imatinib in the KITL576P mutant. These results suggest that a subset of anal melanomas show activating KIT mutations, which are susceptible for therapy with specific kinase inhibitors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.