bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile’s Delinquent Behavior, Risk Factors, and Quantitative Assessment Approach
Authors: Gupta Madhu Kumari , Mohapatra Subrajeet , Mahanta Prakash Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Not only in India but also worldwide, criminal activity has dramatically increasing day by day among youth, and it must be addressed properly to maintain a healthy society. This review is focused on risk factors and quantitative approach to determine delinquent behaviors of juveniles.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 15 research articles were identified through Google search as per inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were based on machine learning (ML) and statistical models to assess the delinquent behavior and risk factors of juveniles.

Results:
The result found ML is a new route for detecting delinquent behavioral patterns. However, statistical methods have used commonly as the quantitative approach for assessing delinquent behaviors and risk factors among juveniles.

Conclusions:
In the current scenario, ML is a new approach of computer-assisted techniques have potentiality to predict values of behavioral, psychological/mental, and associated risk factors for early diagnosis in teenagers in short of times, to prevent unwanted, maladaptive behaviors, and to provide appropriate intervention and build a safe peaceful society.
A Study to Assess Symptom Profile and Break Through Infections Among Health Care Workers Post Covid Vaccination at Tertiary Care Health Facility
Authors: Malhotra Vishal , Oberoi Simmi , Khaira Ravinder , Balgir Rajinder S. , Kaur Balpreet , Kaura Sakshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated persons pose a major challenge to the ongoing vaccine campaign against SARS-CoV-2 globally.

Objectives:
To investigate the occurrence of breakthrough infections and the association of Covid symptoms with the vaccination status of health care workers (HCWs).

Material and Methods:
Done in Government Medical College, Patiala among Covid-positive HCWs who have received one or both doses of Covid vaccine, using pretested semi-structured validated Proforma and telephonic interview from April 1, 2021 to June 15, 2021.

Results:
Among 3388 HCWs, 115 vaccinated HCWs (1st or 2nd dose) became Covid positive. Among vaccinated Covid positive HCWs, 54 received the first dose and 61 both doses. Breakthrough infections (≥14 days post 2nd dose) occurred in 4.6% (47 of 1021) HCWs. The vaccine is significantly protective as shown by an odds ratio of 0.27; thus, vaccinated HCWs are 73% less likely to get Covid infection as compared to non-vaccinated HCWs. There was no statistically significant difference between symptom profiles of cases whether they took one or both doses of vaccine, except headache. Only tiredness and headache were reported significantly higher in the unvaccinated group in comparison to vaccinated HCWs.

Conclusion:
Research is needed on tracking the immune response and viral genomic sequence of samples of vaccinated Covid-positive HCWs to have constant vigilance on remerging new strains of the SARS-CoV-2.
Human Milk Bank in a Rural Setup – A Success Story
Authors: Lakhkar Bhavana , Damke Sachin , Meshram Revatdhamma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
This article describes the experience of a rural human milk bank, with the problems faced in first 6 months including the coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis and interventions leading to success.

Methods:
The study included individual counselling by dedicated counsellors, focused counselling of primipara mothers seeking the help of obstetricians, counselling of pre-term mothers by neo-natal nurses, periodically delivered information in post-natal wards, and counselling of grandmothers and husbands.

Results:
The COVID crisis was dealt with donations from reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction-negative mothers with social distancing and mask use. Younger, educated, working mothers with normal delivery and from middle-income families were easy to counsel. Periodic announcements in wards significantly increased awareness about milk banks and donation. Pre-term mothers could be motivated when their baby was nil by mouth or they saw other babies in need of milk. Lactation support to mothers with breast problems, especially in primipara, helps in getting more donors. Counselling of fathers was easier than that of grandmothers.

Conclusions:
Structured awareness programs and counselling strategies along with education of grandmothers and husbands were very effective in increasing human milk donation.
Epidemiological Insights into Anthropometric Indices and Their Correlates among College Students through a University-Level Screening Program in Western India
Authors: Talati Kandarp Narendra , Parmar Ankita , Zalavadiya Dhara , Shinde Mayur , Madan-Patel Geetika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
India is facing a dual burden of malnutrition with high prevalence of underweight and increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity.

Methodology:
This study reports anthropometric findings (body mass index, waist circumference [WC], and waist–hip ratio [WHR]) from the screening of 3296 students admitted during 2018–2019.

Results:
Majority of the students were male (70%), with a mean age of 18.57 years. About 31% and 19% of students were underweight and overweight, respectively. Given sex-specific cutoffs for WC and WHR, about 5% and 21% of students were at substantially increased risk of metabolic complications. About 14.5% of normal and underweight students were also found to be at substantially increased risk of metabolic complications. Multivariate analysis found increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.98) and being male (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62–0.88) to be protective factors against underweight. We did not find any statistically significant correlation for overweight, for WHR among males, and WC and WHR among females.

Conclusion:
It has been noted that the college environment increases the risk of weight gain. Hence, it makes a case to periodically study changes in anthropometric measures through a longitudinal study, and accordingly develop life cycle-based interventions for prevention/management of undernutrition, obesity, and related complications.
Effect of Mother’s Nutritional Knowledge and Hygiene Practices on School-Going Adolescents Living in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahjabin Tasnima , Nowar Abira , Islam Md. Hafizul , Jubayer Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Adolescence which is a critical stage for growth and development is influenced by various issues along with maternal nutritional knowledge, control over their earnings, freedom of movement, and participation in household decision-making over child’s health care.

Objective:
This study focused on assessing mothers’ nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices and their effect on dietary diversity as well as the nutritional status of school-going adolescents of Dhaka city.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at 44 schools in Dhaka city. A total of 710 school-going adolescents aged 10–17 years were randomly selected and their mothers were interviewed for assessing their knowledge on nutrition and hygiene practices. One-way ANOVA and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the association between dietary diversity and the nutritional status of the adolescents with their mother’s nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices.

Results:
About one-third (35.8%) of the mothers maintained hygiene and sanitation satisfactorily. Although 53.1% of them had satisfactory general knowledge about a healthy diet, only 6.5% showed good knowledge of the nutritional value of food. The prevalence of stunting, thin, and overweight was 8, 4.6, and 5.8%, respectively. Fair hygiene practices were positively associated (P = 0.048) with height for age z-score. Maternal knowledge on the nutritional value of food was positively associated (P = 0.027) with the dietary diversity of the adolescents.

Conclusion:
Adequate nutritional knowledge and hygiene practices of the mothers have positive effects on children’s dietary diversity and nutritional status. Providing nutrition education to mothers would ensure better nutritional status and improved dietary practices for their children.
Assessment of Prosocial Behaviour of School-Going Adolescents
Authors: Harikrishnan U. , Sailo Grace L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Prosocial behaviour is one of the key features of the development of school-going adolescents. Therefore, the current paper focuses on the prosocial behaviour of school-going adolescents in Kollam District, Kerala.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional descriptive study where 600 school-going adolescents, their parents and 60 class teachers were selected through cluster sampling method. English and Malayalam version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered among respondents. Chi-square and multiple linear regression models were used for analysing the data.

Results:
Self-report of prosocial behaviour predictors were significantly associated with gender (P < 0.01), urban-rural settings (P < 0.001) and government-private schools (P < 0.001). Parents’ report shows highly significant relationship with gender (P < 0.001) whereas teachers’ report is significantly related to urban-rural settings (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The current study found that one-fifth of school-going adolescents had borderline to abnormal (self – 17.4%; parents’ – 16.9%; teachers’ report – 20.8%) prosocial behaviour. School-going adolescents should involve in volunteer activities and campaigns for better development in society.
Screening Vaccinees for Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors at a Covid-19 Vaccination Center in Vadodara, Gujarat
Authors: Chavda Paragkumar D. , Mehta Kedar G. , Pandya Chandresh M. , Patel Bharat H. , Shah Paras , Shah Zalak 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Adult population visiting COVID vaccination center is a potential teachable moment for screening and preventive advice on non-communicable diseases.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of vaccinees volunteering for screening and to know the proportion of newly detected hypertensives and diabetics among the screened vaccinees at COVID-19 vaccination center.

Setting and Design:
This descriptive, cross-sectional, operational research study was carried out at the COVID vaccination center at a medical college in central Gujarat from July to September 2021.

Methods:
After receiving the vaccine, the vaccinee was offered screening through a community-based assessment checklist for risk factors of non-communicable diseases, blood pressure, and blood sugar measurement. Those volunteering for this screening received a slip mentioning their risk score, blood pressure and blood sugar reading, and relevant health information and disease prevention advice. The study variables were acceptability (proportion of vaccinees volunteering for screening) and yield (newly detected hypertensives and diabetics among those screened).

Results:
Among vaccinees, 27.7% volunteered for risk scoring and blood pressure measurement, whereas 8.3% volunteered for blood sugar measurement. Around 15.5% of vaccinees had high-risk scores as per the community-based assessment checklist. The yield of freshly detected high blood pressure and high blood sugar was 19.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The yield was similar even among vaccinees under 30 years of age.

Conclusions:
Vaccinees demonstrated interest in undergoing screening for non-communicable diseases. Yield indicates that such screening is worth the effort.
Process Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination Sessions in Dadra and Nagar Haveli District During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Bariya Bhaveshbhai R. , Solanki Preeti , Mahyavanshi Darshan , Patel Mitali G. , Das Vatte K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Efficient roll out of COVID-19 vaccines requires high-quality preparedness at all levels and robust planning and training regarding COVID-19 vaccination, use of CoWIN software, post-vaccination care and communication for all health functionaries.

Aims:
The current study attempts to fill the research gap in monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination session sites in tribal areas of UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH) during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and Material:
It was a cross sectional observational study conducted from April to May 2021 at 36 purposively selected COVID-9 vaccination session sites. Sites were monitored independently for assessing various parameters like infrastructure, HR status, vaccine, logistics availability, and AEFI management using the WHO Session Site Monitoring Form for COVID-19 Vaccination.

Results:
Out of 36 session sites observed, three separate designated rooms were available at 21 (58.3%) sites. Almost two-third of the session sites (61.1%) had displayed information, education, communication (IEC) materials. Mean number of team members was 5.1 (SD 1.7). Adequate stock of vaccine vials and AD syringes, AEFI kits or anaphylaxis kits were available and biomedical waste segregation was as per guidelines at all the session sites.

Conclusions:
Logistics availability, safe injection practices, and COVID-appropriate behavior were adequate; however, infrastructure and post-vaccination care needs strengthening for successful rollout of COVID-19 vaccination.
Can Students Learn from Their Co-Students About Tuberculosis? Outcomes from Student-Friendly Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study in India
Authors: Rebecca B. Priscilla , Angamuthu Dhanalakshmi , Watson Basilea , Beena E. Thomas , Balaguru S. , Premkumar Jacob , Suresh Chandra , Karikalan Nagarajan 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The World Health Organization’s “End TB Strategy” aims to end global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic through a holistic combination of health and social interventions placing the patients and communities at the heart of the response. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing school children as ambassadors in TB advocacy.

Materials and Methods:
We adopted a quasi-experimental intervention design where students’ awareness level was assessed before and after the intervention. A total of 185 student ambassadors were trained to conduct interventions in schools, and 920 students were randomly selected to assess the impact of the ambassador’s intervention. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the correct and incorrect knowledge on specific aspects of TB. This intervention study was implemented in a phased manner which involved a participatory formative phase. A student-friendly and culturally relevant educational materials and activities for providing TB knowledge for the study student population were developed. Data collected from the baseline and end-line evaluation surveys were analyzed using STAT Ver. 16.0.– Stata Corp., June 2016, USA.

Results:
A significant increase (>80%; P < 0.05) in the correct knowledge on diagnosis and prevention for TB was noted among sampled students (n = 818) before and after intervention. Reduction in incorrect knowledge, like understanding TB as hereditary disease, was found to be less (50%; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
School students lead intervention could significantly improve correct knowledge on TB and could be replicated.
Development and Validation of a Comic Tool
Authors: Sarkar Chaity , Mohanty Vikrant , Balappanavar Aswini Y. , Chahar Puneet , Rijhwani Kavita 
Published: March 2024

Background:
National legislation (COTPA) in India has focused on school children with dedicated section (6a and 6b) for tobacco control at Educational Institutions. Innovative mediums like Comic offer unique and engaging medium for dissemination of health information. However, its true potential remains unexplored in tobacco control. The study was conducted to develop and validate Comic for promotion of tobacco control laws in school settings.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted among school teachers in Delhi in three phases: (1) need assessment, (2) development of Comic, and (3) validation (face/content validity by experts in public health/tobacco control, and construct validity by school teachers). Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Review Board. Prevalidated, structured, close-ended, and self-administered Questionnaire was used for the data collection. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive and inferential results.

Results:
Phase 1 showed, out of 150 school teachers, 121 participated (80.66%). Mean age and teaching experience was 41.85 ± 9.76 years and 10.35 ± 6.53 years, respectively. Overall awareness about COTPA was 47.9% (n = 58) and COTPA sections 4 and 6 were 37.2% (n = 45). Majority 59.5% (n = 72) reported lack of access to training material. Phase 2 and 3 showed overall content validity index (CVI) score of 0.84. Construct validity evaluation from pre–postintervention yield mean ± SD scores of 3.94 ± 0.99 and 7.97 ± 1.17, respectively, (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Comic was developed on sound theoretical basis with satisfactory face, content and construct validity, to raise awareness about tobacco control among school children, and teachers to promote tobacco-free school.
Growth Prediction of Under-5 Children Using Statistical Models for Eastern Region of India
Authors: Verma Pradyuman , Prasad Jang Bahadur 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Percentile curves are often used to assess variances in children’s growth pattern. This study is aimed at explaining effect of the respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics on under-5 children’s birth weight and identifying most suitable models, out of 11 statistical models reviewed, for estimating children’s growth in terms of height and weight of a given birth-weight category and obtain estimated growth curves.

Material and Methods:
The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data from four Eastern States of India, consisting of 54,075 under-5 children. Estimated growth curves were obtained, using best-fit models.

Results:
Birth weight was found to be associated with children’s age, gender, birth order, body mass index, mother’s education, living place and wealth index. Two models – Cubic Model and
Power Model – showed best fit to the height and weight measurements. We obtained estimated growth curves of boys and girls for a given birth-weight category.

Conclusions:
All socio-demographic factors studied, except respondent’s occupation, were associated with children’s birth weight. Cubic and Power Models were most suitable for assessing growth in terms of height and weight of boys and girls, belonging to a given birth-weight category.
Prevalence of Alcohol Intake and Illegal Drugs among the Students at English Medium Private Schools of Tripura, India (North Eastern States of India)
Authors: Jamatia Biplab 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Early initiation of alcohol use among adolescents can provide a useful indication of the potential future burden among adults including increased risk for academic failure, mental health problems, antisocial behavior, physical illness, risky sexual behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, early onset dementia, and the development of alcohol use disorders. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of alcohol consumption and illegal drug use among adolescent students studying in class ninth to eleventh standard in English medium private schools in Tripura, India.

Methods:
A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in faith based English medium private schools of two selected subdivisions of Tripura, India. Students of class ninth to eleventh standard were selected for this current study. A validated questionnaire was used to find out the prevalence of alcohol and illegal drug intake.

Results:
A total of 565 (boys = 308, girls = 257) students participated in this study from four schools. The prevalence of alcohol intake (ever) among adolescent students was 28.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.6–32.1]. The adolescent students of 1.7% (95% CI 0.9–3.1) consumed alcohol once a week in the past 6 months. It was observed that 4.2% (95% CI 2.8–6.3) of adolescents use illegal drugs. The study participants of 12.7% (95% CI 10.2–15.8) reported having close friends who were using illegal drugs.

Conclusions:
Significant percentages of adolescent students were involved in alcohol intake (ever) and use of illegal drugs.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Persons Attending the RT-PCR center at a Medical College Hospital in Telangana
Authors: Veerapu Nagapraveen , Inamdar Dhanashree P , Kumar Baer P Ravi , Anuradha Basavaraju , Guddanti Pavitra , Issapuri Sree D , Ganta Nikhita S , Gopi Arun 
Published: March 2024

Background:
In January 2021, India’s drug regulator issued restricted emergency approval for COVISHIELD and COVAXIN, which were manufactured in India. In mid-January 2021, in India, there were 10.5 million confirmed cases and 0.15 million deaths. The objectives were to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines made in India against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Materials and Methods:
A test-negative case-control study was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021 for a duration of 8 months among people attending a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) center at a medical college hospital for RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. The baseline characteristics and RT-PCR report were collected from the RT-PCR center. The exposure to COVID-19 vaccines was enquired via phone call or was checked with data available with the health authorities.

Results:
After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and case and control definitions, a total of 380 participants (95 cases and 285 controls) were included. The adjusted VE of two doses of COVISHIED vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 52.2% (41.7 to 62.1), and that of a single dose was 40.88% (31.26 to 51.29). The adjusted VE of two doses of COVAXIN vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 39% (29.40 to 49.27). The overall VE was 48.20% (37.90 to 58.22) for two doses of any vaccines.

Conclusions:
Vaccines made in India were nearly 50% effective. Further new studies should be conducted as new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging. We do not know the VE against the variants, and whether booster doses are required or not is not yet established.
Performance Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program in Chikmagalur District
Authors: Siddalingappa Hugara , Goud B Nagaraja , Hanumantharaya Raghunath , Rudresh Harish Bekkalale , Arulprakasam Divya , Marumadu Girish , Hirehanamantagoudar Bagyalaxmi 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Routine evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs) is done through a national program called National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program (NIDDCP). The aim of this study is to determine the goiter prevalence, to estimate salt Iodine and urinary Iodine levels.

Materials and Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2700 school children across seven taluks of Chikmagalur. A total of 2700 children aged 6 to 12 years were selected from 30 clusters by multistage sampling method. The iodometric titration method and Sandell–Kolthoff method were used for the estimation of salt and urinary Iodine, respectively. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used.

Results:
The prevalence of goiter was 13.0%. About 153 (28.3%) salt samples had inadequate iodine content (<15 ppm). Median Urinary Iodine Excretion was 126 μg/L.

Conclusion:
Chikmagalur district is still at risk of a significant public health problem which needs timely interventions and appropriate measures to prevent further consequences due to IDDs.