bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS FROM MOUSE TISSUES STIMULATING COLONY GROWTH OF MOUSE BONE MARROW CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Bradley TR , Stanley ER , Sumner MA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryWhen tested either by use as “organ culture feeder layers” or alternatively, by extraction prior to plating, several mouse tissues have been demonstrated to contain activity which stimulated colony development of mouse bone marrow cells in vitroBy the “feeder layer” technique adrenal, tail tendon, bladder, heart, skeletal muscle, uterus and lung tissues consistently showed activity. By the extraction technique skeletal muscle, thymus, lung, spleen and kidney tissue from 12–14 day old mice and heart, thymus, brain, gut, spleen and lung tissue from 3–4 month old mice were active. Activity was also extracted from whole embryo, placenta, foetal membrane and pregnant uterus tissue, the last three tissues showing approximately 10–50 times more activity than other tissues on a wet weight of tissue per volume of extract basis.The active factor in an extract of pooled placenta, membrane and pregnant uterus tissues migrated in the β to α2‐globulin region on starch‐Geon block clectrophoresis. had an apparent sedimentation coefficient (S20,w) of 3·8 S and was partially purified by batch chromatography on calcium phosphate gel.
PROLONGED LYMPHOCYTOPENIA IN THE RAT
Authors: Roser Bruce , Ford WL 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe intrasplenic infection of colloidal 185W tungsten trioxide is followed by a deficit of small lymphocytes in blood and thoracic duct lymph which persists for many weeks. Recirculating small lymphocytes are the only cells affected and the rats remain in good general condition. The immonological performance of such rats was compared to that of splenectomised controls.The scrum haemolysin response to sheep erythrocytes was depressed by 3 log2 units. The primary agglutinin response to S. adelaide flagella was more depressed (by 5 log2 units) but the secondary response to flagella, in rats primed before lymphocytopenia was induced, was barely affected.The effect of lymphocytopenia on skin allograft survival depended on whether a “weak” or “strong” antigenic difference was involved. Skin allograft survival in a weak strain combination (Ag‐B identical) was prolonged From 10 days to a mean of 22 days. By contrast, skin allograft survival in strong strain combinations (Ag‐B different) was only very marginally affected and thymectomy prior to the induction of lymphocytopenia had no additional effect. Although no explanation is provided for the discriminatory effect of lymphocytopenia on reactions to weak and strong histocompatibility antigens, it is probably associated with the much higher proportion of lymphocytes reactive to strong antigens.
IMMUNOLOGICAL SUPPRESSION OF PARASITE REJECTION BY REMOVAL OF SELECTED LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS: THE EFFECT OF NEONATAL THYMECTOMY AND ANTI‐THYMOCYTE SERUM ADMINISTRATION ON THE RESISTANCE OF RATS TO INFECTION WITH THE NEMATODE, NIPPOSTRONGYLUS BRASILIENSIS
Authors: Kelly JD 
Published: November 2007

SummaryNeonatally thymectomised rats, infected with N. brasiliensis, showed significant increases in worm‐egg production and parasite survival when compared with sham‐thymectomised controls, particularly during the later stages of infection. Treatment of infected rats with rabbit anti‐rat thymocyte serum resulted in a highly significant suppression of parasite rejection. The production of reagin‐like antibody, directed at antigens of N. brasiliensis, was substantially inhibited in both neonatally thymectomised and anti‐rat thymocyte serum treated rats.Neonatal thymectomy combined with anti‐rat thymocyte serum treatment, produced a much greater loss of resistance (as judged by worm‐egg production and parasite survival) than either neonatal thymectomy or anti‐rat thymocyte serum alone. Furthermore, reagin‐like antibody production was not detected at any stage during primary infection in neonatally thymectomised, anti‐rat thymocyte serum treated rats.It is suggested that the lymphocytes involved in the lymphocyte‐mediated component of resistance of rats to N. brasiliensis infection are (a) long‐lived and (b) derived from and continually produced by the thymus, or are produced elsewhere and the presence of the thymus is essential for their functional development.
A MICROMETHOD FOR STIMULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES BY PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Keast D , Bartholomaeus WN 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA new in vitro micromethod for stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin has been developed. The method enables the measurement of the lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin of individual mice. The test is equally applicable to human and marsupial lymphocytes.
PARTIAL HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM: STUDIES OF PITUITARY FUNCTION AND OF THE PITUITARY‐TESTICULAR RELATIONSHIP IN TWO PATIENTS
Authors: Baker HWG , Burger IL G , Hudson B , Kretser DM 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe case records and results of investigations of two males with partial forms of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism are described. In one there was associated cryptorchidism, normal plasma levels, metabolic clearance rate and plasma protein binding of testosterone, yet clinical features of androgen deficiency were marked and these responded poorly to chorionic gonadotrophin but well to androgen therapy. A degree of resistance to the action of testosterone is postulated. In the second patient both gonadotrophins appeared to be deficient, yet chorionic gonadotrophin therapy alone produced spermatogenesis. The importance of preliminary HCG therapy in the treatment of infertility in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is stressed.
AMINO ACID TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPING CHICKEN KIDNEY
Authors: Cooke Helen , Young JA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe excretion and reabsorption of the amino acids alanine, glycine, tyrosine and lysine by the kidney were studied in chick embryos 1 day before hatching and in newly hatched chickens 5‐ or 10‐days‐old. Endogenous clearances of glycine, tyrosine and lysine were markedly lower in embryos than in hatched chickens. However, when endogenous clearances were expressed relative to glomerular filtration rate the percentages of the filtered loads of alanine, glycine and tyrosine excreted were greater in the embryo than in the hatched chickens; only for lysine was there an increase after hatching in the percentage of the filtered load excreted. Reabsorptive rates (expressed per g of kidney tissue) of lysine, glycine and alanine increased markedly after hatching but tyrosine reabsorption remained relatively constant. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the affinities or capacities of the active transport systems increase with developmental age and that the various transport systems believed to exist seem not to develop at the same rate. Exogenous alanine clearances were studied in 10‐12‐day‐old chickens. As plasma concentrations of alanine increased absorption also increased and no tubular transport maximum could be demonstrated.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE O‐ANTIGENS OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE. PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ACID‐LABILE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT
Authors: Redmond JW , Korsch MJ , Jackson GDF 
Published: November 2007

SummaryStrong cross‐reactions were observed between cell wall lipopolysaccharides from several strains of Vibrio cholerae. Each preparation suffered profound loss of serological activity on treatment with hot dilute acetic acid; in each case the concomitant release of fructose is suggestive of its involvement in an important antigenic determinant.
CENTRAL NERVOUS RESETTING OF BARORECEPTOR REFLEXES
Authors: Korner PI , West MJ , Shaw J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryStimulus‐response curves were derived in unanaesthetized rabbits relating menu arterial pressure to heart period (pulse interval). Arterial and atrial pressure were altered by graded inflation of balloons placed around the upper abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The stimulus‐response curves differed significantly between sham‐operated, thalamic and pontine rabbits, indicating that suprapontine as well as bulbar heart rate centres normally participated in reflexes arising from circulatory baroreceptors. The stimulus‐response curves were also used to determine whether generalized disturbances acted independently of the input from the baroreceptors on a distinctive part of the heart rate motoneurone pool, or whether they interacted with the baroreceptor input because of convergence on to common autonomic motoneurones. Vagal afferents from lung inflation receptors acted independently of the baroreceptor input on cardiac sympathetic motoneurones. Chemoreceptor stimulation produced by severe arterial hypoxia acted on a distinctive section of the motoneurone pool, but also interacted with the baroreceptor input on common motoneurone sites. This interaction increased the threshold to baroreceptor stimuli in both sham‐operated and pontine animals, thus altering baroreceptor reflex performance from regulator to servomechanism action. Because of this type of interaction, the reflex response to multiple inputs is not the same as the sum of individual reflex effects studied under controlled conditions.
CHANGES IN CELL CULTURES PRODUCED BY TOXIC LUPIN EXTRACTS
Authors: Petterson DS , Coackley W 
Published: November 2007

SummaryToxic lupin extracts affected the nuclear apparatus of cells in lamb kidney tissue culture, leading to arrest at metaphase and the production of mutinucleated cells. Some cells in arrested metaphase adopt bizarre shapes (“lup” cells).Results showed that cell cultures compared favourably with mice for the detection of toxicity in lupin extracts.
THE EFFECT OF DIPYRIDAMOLE AND OF AMINOPHYLLINE ON RESPONSES TO SIXTY‐SECOND CORONARY ARTERY OCCLUSIONS IN DOGS
Authors: Eikens E , Wilcken DEL 
Published: November 2007

SummaryUsing electromagnetic flow transducers, we examined the effects of close arterial infusions of dipyridamole (1 μg/minute) and aminophylline (200 μg/minute) on reponses to adenosine, and on the reactive hyperaemic responses induced by 60‐second occlusions of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery in anaesthetised dogs. Results were analysed only when pre‐occlusion coronary blood flow values and blood pressure and heart rate before, during and after coronary artery occlusion in pre‐ and post‐drug responses did not vary by more than 5%.Dipyridamole markedly increased the coronary blood flow response to adenosine (from + 32% ± 3·1 to ± 82% ± 7; means ± S.E.), while aminophylline reduced this response (from + 46% ± 6·2 to + 60% ± 2; means ±: S.E.). Despite this, reactive hyperaemia responses were not changed during either dipyridamole or aminophylline. These findings suggest that adenosine‐induced vasodilatation is not essential for the reactive hyperaemic resulting from 60‐second coronary artery occlusions.
CHEMICAL, SEROLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A SEROTYPE‐SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN IN LEPTOSPIRA
Authors: Faine S , Adler B , Palit A 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA serotype‐specific lipopolysaccharide (F4) which sensitizes sheep erythrocytes to haemagglutination by antiserum was prepared from leptospires by alkaline extraction followed by acetic acid and ethanol precipitation. F4 from different strains cross‐reacted serologically within each serogroup but did not cross‐react between serogroups.Antiserum to F4 agglutinated whole leptospires to relatively low titres. F4 was not lethal for mice nor did it prepare rabbits for local Shwartzman reactions.
THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN ABILITY TO EXCRETE POTASSIUM ON POTASSIUM INGESTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Adam WR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe free intake of 5% glucose in 3% KCl (G/KCl) and of other solutions has been compared in rats receiving a normal or a high potassium diet. Consumption of G/KCl was increased in rats on a high potassium diet but consumption of 5% glucose in sodium or calcium chloride solutions, or of potassium or glucose solutions alone, was not increased. Despite an increased potassium ingestion, the plasma potassium concentration was no higher in animals on a high K diet which have an increased ability to excrete potassium, Thus, rats which exhibit potassium tolerance also ingest more potassium when this is offered in solutions with 5% glucose. The reason for this is not established.
CARDIOVASCULAR HISTAMINE RECEPTORS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Carroll PR , Glover WE , Latt Noeline 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIntravenous histamine caused a dose‐dependent fall in mean arterial pressure, often preceded by a brief rise. After burimamide the initial pressor response was potentiated and the depressor response was abolished or reversed; in contrast, niepyramine abolished the pressor response and potentiated the hypotensive phase. After both drugs in combination the response to histamine was abolished. It is concluded that the response to histamine is a balance between a pressor effect mediated by mrpyramine‐sensitive H1 receptors, and a depressor effect mediated by burimamide‐sensitive H2 receptors.
ENDOGENOUS AMINO ACID CLEARANCE BY THE RAT KIDNEY
Authors: Lingard JM , Turner B , Williams DB , Young JA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAlthough studies on the clearance of endogenously circulating amino acids had been published for several mammalian and non‐mammalian vertebrate species, few data were available for the rat. Since micropuncture studies on the renal handling of amino acids are most conveniently performed on this species, endogenous clearance studies have now been undertaken using automated, ion‐exchange chromatographic techniques for amino acid analysis. Endogenous plasma amino acid concentrations were remarkably similar to those in man but renal clearances of most amino acids were considerably smaller, indicating highly efficient reabsorptive mechanisms; the urinary excretion patterns, also, were very similar to those of man, although a striking exception was observed in the case of taurine, which was cleared in the rat at rates approaching 40% of the glomerular filtration rate. It was concluded that the renal handling of amino acids, with the exception of taurine, was very similar in rat and man, so that conclusions drawn from micropuncture experiments in rats would seem likely to hold also for man.
ANAEROBIC BACTERIOLOGY
Authors: Cadogan‐Cowper G , Wilkinson RG 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe construction of a bench‐top unit for the isolation and study of strictly anaerobic micro‐organisms is described. The unit comprises a flexible plastic working chamber with shoulder length neoprene gloves and a stainless steel entry port. The unit has been used to isolate strictly anaerobic bacteria from a variety of human sources. Particular attention has been paid to the recovery of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium from specimens, and procedures for the identification of these bacteria are described.
PYRIDOXAL, FOLATE AND VITAMIN B12 CONCENTRATIONS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES
Authors: Davis RE , Smith BK , Curnow DH 
Published: November 2007

SummarySerum vitamin B6 (pyridoxal), folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured in blood samples from 293 Western Australian Aborigines living in the Cundeelee and Meekatharra areas. Twenty‐one per cent of males and 25% of females from the Cundeelee area had a low serum pyridoxal compared with 39% and 31% respectively from the Meekatharra area. Twelve per cent of Aborigines below the age of 20 years from Cundeelee had a low serum pyridoxal compared with 50% of those in a similar agr group living in the Meekatharra area. Fifty‐seven per cent of males and 41% of females had serum folate levels below the lower limit of the reference range. Vitamin B12 concentrations were all above 200 ng/l and 30% were above 900 ng/1.Twenty‐three Aborigines had a reduced level of haemoglobin, 19 males and 4 females. Twelve of the males had a hypochromic anaemia.These results indicate that vitamin B6 and folate deficiency is common among Western Australian Aborigines. The deficiency of vitamin B6 may be of particular importance because of its effect on cerebral function and development.
THE GENERATION OF LARGE PYRONINOPHILIC CELLS IN THE LYMPHOID TISSUES OF RATS INFUSED WITH CELL‐FREE LYMPH
Authors: Yamashita A , Fukumoto T , Nawa Y , Kotani M , Fujii H , Era I 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe thoracic duct of Wistar strain rats was cannulated during 5 days fur studying the effect of selective lymphocyte depletion on the lymphoid tissue. A technique for the continuous infusion of cell‐free lymph, whole lymph or Eagle's medium to the rat with the thoracic duct fistula is described in detail.The prolonged drainage of lymph from rats was followed by lymphopenia, severe atrophy of lymphoid tissues and the depletion of small lymphocytes in the thymus‐dependent areas of spleen and lymph nodes. The infusion of cell‐free lymph into the drained rat resulted in the recovery of the weight of lymphoid tissues and in the massive proliferation and accumulation of large, cells with prominent nucleoli and intensely pyroninophilic cytoplasm in the lymphocyte depleted areas of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymic cortex. There was histological evidence that the large pyroninophilic cells developed well in the spleen and tended to localize preferentially around the periarteriolar region through the marginal zone bridging channels to the red pulp, The infusion of Eagle's medium was found ineffective in restoring the weight of the lymphoid tissues and in bringing about the proliferation of lymphoid cells. The rats infused with whole lymph showed almost similar findings biologically and histologically to those of sham‐operated rats.
DEPRESSION OF JEJUNAL DIPEPTIDE TRANSPORT BY PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY IN THE RAT
Authors: Gupta Vatsala J , Edwards KDG , Asatoor AM 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThree dipeptides (L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine, β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine and L‐prolylglycine), representative of distinctly different transport groups, and a dicarboxylic acid dipeptide (L‐glutamyl‐L‐glutamic acid) showed a quantitatively equivalent decrease of absorption (mean difference, 12% disappearance 15 min−1 5 cm−1) from jejunal loops in vivo in pyridoxine deficient rats, compared with pyridoxine‐repleted controls. Analysis of results for seven dipeptides, including three studied previously, indicated that pyridoxine deficiency caused a general or non‐specific reduction in dipeptide transport, similar for all dipeptides. Decrease in dipeptide transport in vitamin deficiency ran parallel to, but was significantly less than, the decrease in amino acid transport, suggesting in theory involvement of pyridoxine in a common cellular efflux mechanism or, less likely, in the energetics of active transport.
PLASMIDS MEDIATING RESISTANCE TO GENTAMICIN AND OTHER ANTIBIOTICS IN ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM FOUR HOSPITALS IN MELBOURNE
Authors: Davey R Brent , Pittard James 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn twenty‐nine gentamicin‐resistant strains (mostly Klebsiella species) isolated from four Melbourne hospitals over a six month period, the genes for gentamicin resistance were carried on conjugative plasmids belonging to the rare incompatibility group L. These plasmids conferred resistance to gentamicin and sisomycin but not to amikacin or tobramycin, and were inferred to specify the enzyme aminoglycoside 3‐N‐acetyltransferase (AAC(3)I or GAT I). In addition, they specified resistance to a number of other antibiotics, including ampicillin and carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and neomycin, spectinomycin and streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines. Although they had a wide host range amongst the Enterobacteriaceae, none of these plasmids appeared able to transfer to Pseudomonas.
INTESTINAL BRUSH BORDER AND LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN ABSORPTION IN THE NEWLY‐BORN LAMB
Authors: Healy PJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryActivities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and lactase and the lysosomal enzymes α‐mannosidase and β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase increased in the serum of newly‐bum lambs fed colostrum. Feeding lipid and protein components of colostrum and bovine serum resulted in enzyme responses simitar to those observed after feeding colostrum. Activities of each of the enzymes increased in mesenteric lymph collected from newly‐born lambs when immunoglobulins were being absorbed from the jejunum and ileum.
INDUCTION OF IMMUNITY IN MICE TO THE NEMATODE PARASITE, NEMATOSPIROIDES DUBIUS
Authors: Chaicumpa V , Prowse SJ , Ey PL , Jenkin CR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe data presented in this paper show that mice may be immunised against re‐infection with Nematospiroides dubius by giving live third‐stage larvae orally, intravenously, intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Immunity is directed not against the adult worm but against the third‐stage larvae following their penetration of the wall of the intestine.
SPECIFICITY OR AFFINITY OF CYTOTOXIC T CELLS FOR SELF H‐2K DETERMINANTS APPARENTLY DOES NOT CHANGE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSES TO ECTROMELIA VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Pang Tikky , Andrew Marion E , Melvold Roger W , Blanden Robert V 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLysis of virus‐infected target cells by virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells occurs only where donors of T cells and targets share either H‐2K or H‐2D genes. The effect of four H‐2K mutations on virus‐induced antigens recognized by cytotoxic T cells from an in vitro secondary response to infection was studied. B10.A(5R) cytotoxic T cells (which share the K end of H‐2 with the mutant strains, except for the mutated gene(s)) efficiently kitted virus‐infected macrophage targets from mutant strains B6‐H‐2bg1 and B6‐H‐2bg2, were less effective against B6‐H‐2bh and did not appear to be cytotoxic for B6.C‐H‐2ba target cells. Conversely, B6‐H‐2bg1 and B6‐H‐2bg2 cytotoxic T cells were more effective in killing virus‐infected B10.A(5R) macrophages than B6‐H‐2bh and B6.C‐H‐2ba cytotoxic cells respectively. In addition, B6‐H‐2bg1 and B6‐H‐2bg2 cells appeared to be only slightly different from wild‐type with respect to the interaction between virus‐infected cells and T cells. The data obtained suggested that virus‐induced antigenic patterns on infected B6.C‐H‐2ba (mutant) cells are more different antigenically from those on wild‐type cells than are those on infected cells from the other mutants, B6‐H‐2bh, B6‐H‐2bg1 and B6‐H‐2bg2. This agrees with previous data using primary cytotoxic T cells and thus suggests that no detectable change in the affinity or specificity of cytotoxic T cell receptors occurs between primary and secondary responses to infection. These findings are also discussed in relation to the exclusion of T cells with receptors for H‐2K determinants that are common to the mutants and wild‐type, from the response to virus‐infected self cells.