bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Skp2 Expression Characterizes High-Risk Neuroblastomas Independent of MYCN Status
Authors: Westermann Frank , Henrich Kai-Oliver , Wei Jun S. , Lutz Werner , Fischer Matthias , König Rainer , Wiedemeyer Ruprecht , Ehemann Volker , Brors Benedikt , Ernestus Karen , Leuschner Ivo , Benner Axel , Khan Javed , Schwab Manfred 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Amplified MYCN oncogene defines a subgroup of neuroblastomas with poor outcome. However, a substantial number of MYCN single-copy neuroblastomas exhibits an aggressive phenotype similar to that of MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas even in the absence of high MYCN mRNA and/or protein levels.
Experimental Design: To identify shared molecular mechanisms that mediate the aggressive phenotype in MYCN-amplified and single-copy high-risk neuroblastomas, we defined genetic programs evoked by ectopically expressed MYCN in vitro and analyzed them in high-risk versus low-risk neuroblastoma tumors (n = 49) using cDNA microarrays. Candidate gene expression was validated in a separate cohort of 117 patients using quantitative PCR, and protein expression was analyzed in neuroblastoma tumors by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.
Results: We identified a genetic signature characterized by a subset of MYCN/MYC and E2F targets, including Skp2, encoding the F-box protein of the SCFSkp2 E3-ligase, to be highly expressed in high-risk neuroblastomas independent of amplified MYCN. We validated the findings for Skp2 and analyzed its expression in relation to MYCN and E2F-1 expression in a separate cohort (n = 117) using quantitative PCR. High Skp2 expression proved to be a highly significant marker of dire prognosis independent of both MYCN status and disease stage, on the basis of multivariate analysis of event-free survival (hazard ratio, 3.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-8.00; P = 0.002). Skp2 protein expression was inversely correlated with expression of p27, the primary target of the SCFSkp2 E3-ligase, in neuroblastoma tumors.
Conclusion: Skp2 may have a key role in the progression of neuroblastomas and should make an attractive target for therapeutic approaches.
Techniques for tracking amphibians: The effects of tag attachment, and harmonic direction finding versus radio telemetry
Authors: Rowley Jodi J.L. , Alford Ross A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
To gain information on the microhabitat use, home range and movement of a
species, it is often necessary to remotely track individuals in the field.
Radio telemetry is commonly used to track amphibians, but can only be used
on relatively large individuals. Harmonic direction finding can be used to
track smaller animals, but its effectiveness has not been fully evaluated.
Tag attachment can alter the behaviour of amphibians, suggesting that data
obtained using either technique may be unreliable. We investigated the
effects of external tag attachment on behaviour in the laboratory by
observing 12 frogs for five nights before and five nights after tag
attachment, allowing one night to recover from handling. Tag attachment did
not affect distance moved or number of times moved, indicating that the
effects of tag attachment are unlikely to persist after the first night
following attachment. We then compared harmonic direction finding and
radio-telemetry using data collected in the field. We fitted rainforest
stream frogs of three species with tags of either type, located them
diurnally and nocturnally for approximately two weeks, and compared movement
parameters between techniques. In the field, we obtained fewer fixes on
frogs using harmonic direction finding, but measures of movement and habitat
use did not differ significantly between techniques. Because radio telemetry
makes it possible to locate animals more consistently, it should be
preferred for animals large enough to carry radio tags. If harmonic
direction finding is necessary, it can produce reliable data, particularly
for relatively sedentary species.
Flight initiation distance in relation to substratum type, sex, reproductive status and tail condition in two lacertids with contrasting habits
Authors: Capizzi Dario , Luiselli Luca , Vignoli Leonardo 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Flight initiation distance in relation to substratum type, sex, reproductive
status and tail condition was studied in two lacertid lizards with
contrasting habits: the ground-dwelling common lizard Zootoca vivipara and
the rupicolous Horvath's rock lizard Iberolacerta horvathi. These species
were studied in sympatric populations in a mountain area in North-Eastern
Italy, Tarvisio Forest. Mean escape distance was significantly higher in I.
horvathi than in Z. vivipara. In both species there were significant
differences between sexes, with males escaping at longer distances than
females but there were no significant differences between adults and
subadults. In both species there were no differences in escape distance of
females in different reproductive states. In Z. vivipara specimens with
broken tails escaped at a shorter distance than individuals with intact
tails. Substratum type had a significant effect on escape distance in both
species.
Astrophyllite-group minerals from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland (contribution to the mineralogy of Ilímaussaq no. 123)
Authors: Macdonald R. , Karup-Møller S. , Rose-Hansen J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractElectron microprobe analyses are presented for astrophyllite-group minerals from hydrothermal veins and pegmatites of the Ilimaussaq complex, South Greenland. The analyses fall mainly into two groups: (1) niobophyllites with the highest Nb/(Nb+Ti) ratios yet recorded (∼0.9), occurring only in the veins, and (2) an essentially continuous sequence from astrophyllite to niobophyllite with Nb/(Nb+Ti) up to 0.6, found in veins and pegmatites. It is highly likely that there is complete solid solution between astrophyllite and niobophyllite. More limited substitution of Mn for Fe has resulted in the formation of kupletskite in some rocks. Altered zones in certain astrophyllites and niobophyllites have compositional features similar to the type ‘hydroastrophyllite’. The astrophyllite-group minerals in the hydrothermal veins crystallized at temperatures below 400°C at 1 kbar and under high pH and low oxygen fugacity, whereas those in the pegmatites were formed from water-rich melts which were hotter (≥450°C), less basic and more oxidized.
High-pressure phase transformation in MnCO3: a synchrotron XRD study
Authors: Ono S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe high-pressure behaviour of manganese carbonate was investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 54 GPa with a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. A phase transition from rhodochrosite to a new structure form was observed at 50 GPa after laser heating. The diffraction pattern of the new high-pressure form was reasonably indexed with an orthorhombic unit-cell with a = 5.361 A, b = 8.591 A and c = 9.743 Å. The pressure-induced phase transition implies a unit-cell volume reduction of ∼5%. This result does not support the direct formation of diamond by dissociation of solid state MnCO3 reported in a previous study. Fitting the compression data of rhodochrosite to a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (Ko’ = 4) gives K0 = 126(±10) GPa. The c axis of the unit-cell parameter was more compressive than the a axis.
Micas of the muscovite–lepidolite series from Karibib pegmatites, Namibia
Authors: Roda E. , Keller P. , Pesquera A. , Fontan F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicas of the muscovite–lepidolite series are main constituents of the evolved pegmatites from the Okatjimukuju-Kaliombo portion of the Karibib belt, Namibia. The compositional variations shown by the micas from the intermediate zones are mainly controlled by the Li3Al-1□-2 and SiLi2Al-2□-1 substitution schemes, whereas for the micas from the core margins and the replacement bodies, only the first of these two exchange vectors seems to operate. The chemical composition of the micas not only depends on the degree of pegmatite evolution, but also on the position in the internal zonation of the pegmatite. Micas from the core margins and the replacement units are generally richer in F, Li, Rb, Cs and Zn than those from the intermediate zones. In general, the contents of these elements increase with decreasing K/Rb ratio. However, some data departing from this general trend are also observed, which could be related to subsolidus processes. Some pegmatite bodies show a complete internal evolution, developed from the margins to the core zone, which is reflected in the chemical composition of the micas. The regional distribution of pegmatites does not define a zonation, because an overlapping of pegmatites with different degrees of evolution occurs. This could be due to the high level of evolution attained by most of the rare-element pegmatites, and to their topography with respect to a dome structure of the basement.
Mineral-melt-fluid composition of carbonate-bearing cumulate xenoliths in Tertiary alkali basalts of southern Slovakia
Authors: Hurai V. , Huraiová M. , Konečný P. , Thomas R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo types of carbonatic cumulate xenoliths occur in alkali basalts of the northern part of the Carpatho-Pannonian region, Central Europe. One is dominated by Ca-Fe-Mg carbonates with randomly distributed bisulphide globules (Fe1+xS2, x = 0–0.1), Mg-Al spinel, augite, rhönite, Ni-Co-rich chalcopyrite, and a Fe(Ni,Fe)2S4 phase. The second, carbonatic pyroxenite xenolith type, is composed of diopside, subordinate fluorapatite, interstitial Fe-Mg carbonates, and accessory K-pargasite, F-Al-rich ferroan phlogopite, Mg-Al spinel, albite and K-feldspar. All accessory minerals occur in ultrapotassic dacite-trachydacite glass in primary silicate melt inclusions in diopside, together with calcio-carbonatite and CO2-N2-CO inclusions. Textural evidence is provided for multiphase fluid-melt immiscibility in both xenolith types. The carbonatic pyroxenite type is inferred to have accumulated from differentiated, volatile-rich, ultrapotassic magma derived by a very low-degree partial melting of strongly metasomatized mantle. Mineral indicators point to a genetic link between the carbonatite xenolith with olivine-fractionated, silica-undersaturated alkalic basalt ponded at the mantle-crust boundary.
Long-term follow-up of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kebriaei Partow , Detry Michelle A. , Giralt Sergio , Carrasco-Yalan Antonio , Anagnostopoulos Athanasios , Couriel Daniel , Khouri Issa F. , Anderlini Paolo , Hosing Chitra , Alousi Amin , Champlin Richard E. , de Lima Marcos 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains an effective strategy for inducing durable remission in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens extend HSCT to older patients and those with comorbidities who would otherwise not be suitable candidates for HSCT. The long-term efficacy of this approach is not established. We evaluated outcomes of 64 CML patients with advanced-phase disease (80% beyond first chronic phase), not eligible for myeloablative preparative regimens due to older age or comorbid conditions, who were treated with fludarabine-based RIC regimens. Donor type was matched related (n =30), 1 antigen-mismatched related (n =4), or matched unrelated (n =30). With median follow-up of 7 years, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 33% and 20%, respectively, at 5 years. Incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 33%, 39%, and 48% at 100 days, and 2 and 5 years after HSCT, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only disease stage at time of HSCT was significantly predictive for both OS and PFS. RIC HSCT provides adequate disease control in chronic-phase CML patients, but alternative treatment strategies need to be explored in patients with advanced disease. TRM rates are acceptable in this high-risk population but increase over time.
Poor perception of dyspnoea in children with undiagnosed asthma
Authors: van Gent R. , van Essen-Zandvliet L. E. M. , Rovers M. M. , Kimpen J. L. L. , de Meer G. , van der Ent C. K. 
Published: July 2007

The aim of the present study was to establish the differences in dyspnoea perception between children with undiagnosed and diagnosed asthma.A cross-sectional community-based study was performed, which included a parental questionnaire on the child's respiratory health and testing of airway reversibility and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). “Diagnosed asthma” was defined by a physician's diagnosis of asthma. “Undiagnosed asthma” was defined by the presence of asthma symptoms combined with either airway reversibility or BHR without a physician's diagnosis of asthma. Only children with a positive BHR test were selected for further analysis. Perception of dyspnoea was assessed using the Borg scale and the visual analogue scale (VAS), plotted against the percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second and expressed as the slope of the regression line.Of the initial 1,758 participating children, 70 had undiagnosed asthma and 38 had diagnosed asthma. The Borg and VAS slopes in children with undiagnosed asthma were less steep than those of children with diagnosed asthma (Borg: 0.07 and 0.14, respectively; VAS: 0.06 and 0.11, respectively).Among children with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, those without a parent's report of physician's diagnosis of asthma had a worse perception of dyspnoea than children with diagnosed asthma.
Control of the growth of human breast cancer cells in culture by manipulation of arachidonate metabolism
Authors: Hammamieh Rasha , Sumaida Dena , Zhang XiaoYan , Das Rina , Jett Marti 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Arachidonate metabolites are important regulators of human breast cancer cells. Production of bioactive lipids are frequently initiated by the enzyme phospholipase A2 which releases arachidonic acid (AA) that is rapidly metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COX) or lipoxygenases (LO) to other highly potent lipids.

Methods
In this study we screened a number of inhibitors which blocked specific pathways of AA metabolism for their antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 wild type and MCF-7 ADR drug resistant breast cancer cells. The toxicity of these inhibitors was further tested on human bone marrow cell proliferation.

Results
Inhibitors of LO pathways (specifically the 5-LO pathway) were most effective in blocking proliferation. Inhibitors of platelet activating factor, a byproduct of arachidonate release, were also effective antiproliferative agents. Curcumin, an inhibitor of both COX and LO pathways of eicosanoid metabolism, was 12-fold more effective in blocking proliferation of the MCF-7 ADRs cells compared to MCF-7 wild type (WT) cells. These inhibitors that effectively blocked the proliferation of breast cancer cells showed varying degrees of toxicity to cultures of human bone marrow cells. We observed greater toxicity to bone marrow cells with inhibitors that interfere with the utilization of AA in contrast to those which block utilization of its downstream metabolites. MK-591, MK-886, PCA-4248, and AA-861 blocked proliferation of breast cancer cells but showed no toxicity to bone marrow cells.

Conclusion
These inhibitors were effective in blocking the proliferation of breast cancer cells and may be potentially useful in human breast cancer therapy.
Accelerated gene evolution and subfunctionalization in the pseudotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis
Authors: Hellsten Uffe , Khokha Mustafa K , Grammer Timothy C , Harland Richard M , Richardson Paul , Rokhsar Daniel S 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background

Ancient whole genome duplications have been implicated in the vertebrate and teleost radiations, and in the emergence of diverse angiosperm lineages, but the evolutionary response to such a perturbation is still poorly understood. The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis experienced a relatively recent tetraploidization ~40 million years ago. Analysis of the considerable amount of EST sequence available for this species together with the genome sequence of the related diploid Xenopus tropicalis provides a unique opportunity to study the genomic response to whole genome duplication.

Results

We identified 2218 gene triplets in which a single gene in X. tropicalis corresponds to precisely two co-orthologous genes in X. laevis – the largest such collection published from any duplication event in animals. Analysis of these triplets reveals accelerated evolution or relaxation of constraint in the peptides of the X. laevis pairs compared with the orthologous sequences in X. tropicalis and other vertebrates. In contrast, single-copy X. laevis genes do not show this acceleration. Duplicated genes can differ substantially in expression levels and patterns. We find no significant difference in gene content in the duplicated set, versus the single-copy set based on molecular and biological function ontologies.

Conclusion

These results support a scenario in which duplicate genes are retained through a process of subfunctionalization and/or relaxation of constraint on both copies of an ancestral gene.
Pivotal Advance: Cannabinoid-2 receptor agonist HU-308 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis
Authors: Rajesh Mohanraj , Pan Hao , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Bátkai Sándor , Osei-Hyiaman Douglas , Haskó György , Liaudet Lucas , Gao Bin , Pacher Pál 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the role of the cannabinoid CB2 (CB2) receptor in an in vivo mouse model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In addition, we have assessed the role of the CB2 receptor in TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (HLSECs) and in the adhesion of human neutrophils to HLSECs in vitro. The potent CB2 receptor agonist HU-308, given prior to the induction of I/R, significantly attenuated the extent of liver damage (measured by serum alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase) and decreased serum and tissue TNF-α, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 levels, tissue lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration, DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3 activity. The protective effect of HU-308 against liver damage was also preserved when given right after the ischemic episode. HU-308 also attenuated the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in HLSECs, which expressed CB2 receptors, and the adhesion of human neutrophils to HLSECs in vitro. These findings suggest that selective CB2 receptor agonists may represent a novel, protective strategy against I/R injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis.
Cumulative Dose of Hypertension Predicts Outcome in Intracranial Hemorrhage Better Than American Heart Association Guidelines
Authors: Barton Christopher W. , Hemphill J. Claude 
Published: July 2007

BackgroundHypertension is common after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and may be associated with higher mortality and adverse neurologic outcome. The American Heart Association recommends that blood pressure be maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) less than 130 mm Hg to prevent secondary brain injury. ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate whether a new method of assessing hypertension in ICH more accurately identifies patients at risk for adverse outcomes. MethodsThe authors prospectively studied all patients presenting to two University of California, San Francisco hospitals with acute ICH from June 1, 2001, to May 31, 2004. Factors related to acute hospitalization were recorded in a database, including all charted vital signs for the first 15 days. Patients were followed up for one year, with their modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 12 months as primary outcome. Hypertension dose was determined as the area under the curve between patient MAP and a cut point of 110 mm Hg while in the emergency department (ED). The dose was adjusted for time spent in the ED (dose/timeed [d/ted]). Hypertension dose was divided into four categories (none, and progressive tertiles). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for adverse mRS by tertiles of d/ted. ResultsA total of 237 subjects with an ED average (±SD) length of stay of 3.42 (±3.7) hours were enrolled. In a multivariate logistic regression model controlling for the effects of age, volume of hemorrhage, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, race, and preexisting hypertension, there was a 4.7‐ and 6.1‐fold greater likelihood of an adverse neurologic outcome (by mRS) at one and 12 months, respectively, in the highest d/ted tertile relative to the referent group without hypertension. ConclusionsHypertension after acute ICH is associated with adverse neurologic outcome. The dose of hypertension may more accurately identify patients at risk for adverse outcomes than the American Heart Association guidelines and may lead to better outcomes if treated when identified in this manner.
Expectancy violation and perceptions of rape victim credibility
Authors: Hackett Louisa , Day Andrew , Mohr Philip 
Published: July 2007

Purpose. Rape victims have been found to have a heightened risk of secondary victimization in the legal system through biased perceptions of their credibility. In this study, participants observed a video of a rape victim reporting the crime and evaluated her credibility, to establish the influence of victim emotional expressiveness on evaluations of victim credibility.Methods. The nonverbal (eye‐contact, crying) and paralinguistic (tone of voice) behaviour of the rape victim was manipulated such that the emotional presentation viewed by observers was either expressive, or not expressive. One hundred and thirty seven participants were randomly allocated to observe a videotape of either an expressive or a non‐expressive victim. Participants’ specific expectations about the emotional expressiveness of rape victims in general were also measured.Results. Results revealed no significant main effect of emotional expressiveness on perceptions of credibility. However, among participants with a strong expectation of emotional expressiveness, a rape victim who was emotionally expressive was perceived to be significantly more credible than a victim who was not emotionally expressive.Conclusions. It appears to be expectancy violation rather than emotional expressiveness per se that biases observers’ perceptions of rape victim credibility.