bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus genotypes, reactivity to recombinant immunoblot assay 2 antigens and liver disease
Authors: Ichimura H. , Tamura I. , Kurimura O. , Koda T. , Mizui M. , Tsuchie H. , Kurimura T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo clarify the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and liver disease, we typed HCV genomes in the sera of 151 blood donors, 180 patients with type C chronic liver disease (CLD), and 30 haemophiliacs residing in Hiroshima, Japan. All of the subjects were positive for anti‐HCV and HCV‐RNA, and were examined for seroreactivity to HCV‐specific antigens. The HCV genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with type‐specific primers deduced from the putative core region of the HCV genome. Significantly more (P< 0.001) type II HCV was found in the samples from the CLD patients (80%) than in those from the blood donors (55%). Significantly more (P< 0.001) type III HCV was found in the samples from the blood donors (29.1%) than in those from the CLD patients (11.7%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of the HCV types among the patients with chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A four‐antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐2) assay was used to compare the serum samples for their reactivity to a range of structural and nonstructural peptides specific for HCV (5–1–1, C100‐3, C33c, and C22‐3). The frequency of serop‐ositivity to 5–1–1 and C100‐3 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in type II HCV‐infected blood donors than in type III HCV‐infected donors (68.2% and 65.9% vs. 4.5% and 22.7%, respectively). Among the type III HCV‐infected individuals, the CLD patients had a significantly higher (P<0.01) frequency of seropositivity to 5–1–1 than the blood donors (33.3% vs. 4.5%). These results suggest that type II HCV is more likely than type III HCV to induce clinical disease, and further, that the difference in the extent of synthesis of the viral protein (5–1–1) between these types may play a role in the pathogenicity of HCV. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IgA directed against early antigen of Epstein‐Barr virus is no specific marker for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Sigel Gottfried , Schillinger Monika , Henninger Klaus , Bauer Georg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the significance and specificity of IgA directed against Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific early antigens (EA) for the unequivocal diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Therefore, sera from patients with diseases other than NPC, selected on the basis of elevated antibody titres against EBV antigens, were compared to sera from NPC patients with regard to the presence of IgA directed against EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA‐IgA) and IgA directed against EA (EA‐IgA). Four hundred forty‐seven out of 7,508 non‐NPC sera tested showed high titres (>512) of IgG directed against Epstein Barr viral capsid antigen (VCA‐IgG) and positive VCA‐lgA (⩾32). Two hundred twenty‐seven of these sera were compared to 51 VCA‐IgA‐positive sera from NPC patients regarding the titre of EA‐lgA. 60.7% of VCA‐lgA‐positive NPC sera showed positive EA‐lgA, however 33% of VCA‐IgA‐positive non‐NPC patients also exhibited EA‐lgA. This result demonstrates that EA‐lgA is not specific for NPC and does not allow an unequivocal serological diagnosis of NPC in individual cases. It seems therefore to be of questionable use for screening programs in NPC low‐risk areas. The data do not contradict the usefulness of this marker for monitoring of patients treated for NPC and for screening programmes in high‐risk areas. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human papillomavirus using the polymerase chain reaction and typing for HPV16 and 18 in the cervical smears of Greek women
Authors: Lambropoulos A. F. , Agorastos T. , Frangoulides E. , Karahaliou R. , Bontis J. , Dozi‐Vassiliades I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied for the detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, in samples obtained from the uterine cervices of 202 asymptomatic women with normal cytology in Northern Greece. About 41.8% of the women with microscopically and cytologically normal cervices were found to be infected with HPV. Typing of HPV revealed that 6.9% and 1.5% of the women were infected with HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. © 1994 Wiiey‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of postexposure vaccination in a chimpanzee model of hepatitis A virus infection
Authors: Robertson Betty H. , D'Hondt Eric H. , Spelbring John , Tian Houwen , Krawczynski K. , Margolis Harold S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPassive transfer of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) in immune globulin (IG) effectively prevents hepatitis A when given after exposure, but does not provide lasting protection from infection. Hepatitis A vaccines have been shown to generate quickly levels of antibody equivalent to those found after IG administration. The effect of hepatitis A vaccine in preventing infection following fecal‐oral exposure was evaluated in a chimpanzee model of HAV infection. Two animals were vaccinated 1 and 3 days, respectively following inoculation and two inoculated animals served as unprotected controls. Of the two immunized animals, one had no evidence of HAV infection, while the other had an attenuated infection with no evidence of virus shedding. These results suggest that while postexposure hepatitis A vaccination may be infection permissive, it attenuates disease expression and prevents virus shedding. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A nested case‐control study on association between hepatitis C virus antibodies and primary liver cancer in a cohort of 9,775 men in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chao‐Chin , Yu Ming‐Whei , Lu Chih‐Feng , Yang Czau‐Siung , Chen Chien‐Jen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost studies on the association between antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) and primary liver cancer (PLC) were limited to case‐series, or cross‐sectional case‐control studies leaving a controversy on causal temporality. A nested case‐control study on 38 newly‐developed PLC patients and 152 matched controls selected from a cohort of 9,775 men in Taiwan recruited from September, 1984, to February, 1986, was carried out to examine the relation between HCV infection and PLC. Case‐control pairs were matched on age (±1 year), residence, and the date at recruitment. Serum samples collected from study subjects at the initial recruitment were examined for anti‐HCV by enzyme immunoassay and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by reverse passive hemagglutination assay combined with radioimmunoassay. History of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, vegetable consumption, vegetarian habit, and chronic liver diseases were also obtained through standardized interviews according to a structured questionnaire at the recruitment. After adjusting for HBsAg status and other risk factors, the anti‐HCV was significantly associated with the development of PLC showing a multivariate‐adjusted relative risk of 88.24. The results suggest that HCV infection may play an important role in the etiology of human PLC in Taiwan. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of wild‐type and HBeAg minus hepatitis B viruses by a sequence‐dependent primer extension assay
Authors: Brunetto M. R. , Randone A. , Ranki M. , Jalanko A. , Piantino P. , Giarin M. , Capra G. , Calvo P. L. , Oliveri F. , Bonino F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ratio between wild‐type hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HBV mutant, unable to secrete “e” antigen (HBeAg minus HBV) appears to be an important determinant of the outcome of chronic hepatitis B. Quantitative analysis of wild‐type and HBeAg minus HBVs in the blood could be useful to monitor chronic hepatitis B patients. We developed a solid‐phase minisequencing assay for both viruses using a primer‐guided incorporation of a single labeled nucleotide on an affinity captured biotinylated amplified HBV‐DNA template. A standard curve was constructed by mixing increasing quantities of wild type and mutant virus DNAs. The detection of wild‐type and HBeAg minus sequences, ranging from 10% to 90% of overall viremia, was linear and reproducible till 0.1 pg/μl of serum HBV‐DNA. The assay yields numerical values and the ratio of incorporated nucleotides defines the relative proportions (%) of the two viral sequences with accuracy. We tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the minisequencing on mixed end point dilutions of wild‐type and HBeAg minus reference sera and amplified products. The feasibility and reproducibility of the assay were tested in 35 sera from 21 HBsAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B using both minisequencing and oligo‐hybridization assays. A high correlation was found between the two assays (r = 0.957 P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the minisequencing assay provides a precise and reproducible quantitative analysis of wild‐type and HBeAg minus HBVs in clinical specimens. It is proposed to study the relations between HBV heterogeneity and the course of hepatitis B and its response to therapy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical simulations of confocal Raman spectroscopic depth profiles of materials: a photon scattering approach
Authors: Macdonald A. M. , Vaughan A. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a simple model that uses a novel photon scattering approach to predict the depth profile response obtained when confocal Raman spectroscopy is applied both to silicon and to a number of related polymeric materials of varying optical clarity. This paper first provides an overview of the models proposed to date to demonstrate the evolution in understanding of the confocal Raman response of semi‐transparent materials, based upon geometrical optics. A new model is then described that is based upon the twin notions of a permanent extended Raman illuminated volume and the degree of extinction of the incident and Raman scattered photons from the whole of the illuminated volume as it is gradually moved further into, or defocused above, the sample. The model's predictions are compared with empirical data from previous studies of a range of semi‐crystalline polymers with different scattering properties and, by means of contrast, with that of a silicon sample. We show that, despite its inherent simplicity, the physics this model utilizes is able successfully to predict the form of the depth profile for each material, something that has not been achieved by any model previously proposed, and that the parameters used in the model scale with independent physical measurements. Finally the model is used to account for the fact that useful Raman spectra can be obtained when the laser is focused as much as 40 µm above the sample surface. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of the pore structure and zeta potential of porous polymer monoliths on separation performance in ion‐exchange mode
Authors: Liapis Athanasios I. , Grimes Brian A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost often, in bioseparations involving charged macromolecules, the chromatographic systems have low Reynolds and high Peclet numbers. For such systems, an expression is developed and presented in this work for evaluating the throughput in polymeric monoliths where ion‐exchange adsorption occurs, as a function of (i) the pressure drop along the length of the monolith, (ii) the functional form and width of the throughpore‐size distribution of the monolith, and (iii) the magnitude of the zeta potential on the surface of the throughpores of the monolith. Gaussian and log‐normal throughpore‐size distributions whose mean throughpore‐size and standard deviation values are based on experimentally measured throughpore‐size distribution data by mercury porosimetry employed on polymeric monoliths are used in this work, and their effect on the throughput relative to that obtained from a polymeric monolith having a uniform throughpore‐size distribution is studied for different values of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean throughpore‐size. The results indicate that relatively modest increases in the throughput, when compared with the throughput that could be achieved in a polymeric monolith having a uniform throughpore‐size distribution, could be obtained in polymeric monoliths having disperse throughpore‐size distributions, and the magnitude of the increase becomes larger when the disperse distribution is skewed to larger throughpore sizes. Furthermore, the results of this work indicate that, under certain conditions, relatively modest increases in the throughput of a charged analyte could also be achieved by altering the value of the zeta potential on the surface of the throughpores of the monolith. Due to the difficulties inherent in controlling the functional form and width of the throughpore‐size distribution during the synthesis of polymeric monoliths, it would appear to be more practical to increase the value of the throughput of a charged analyte by altering the value of the zeta potential through prudent selection of the ion‐exchange surface functional groups and fine‐tuned with the pH of the mobile phase. Thus, for ion‐exchange chromatography systems, the zeta potential could be considered an important parameter for column designers and operators to manipulate, since its alteration could increase the throughput of a charged analyte in polymeric monoliths or in columns packed with charged particles.
Evaluation of the separation characteristics of application‐specific (fatty acid methyl esters) open‐tubular columns for gas chromatography
Authors: Kiridena Waruna , Qian Jing , Koziol Wladyslaw W. , Poole Colin F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe solvation parameter model is used to characterize the separation properties of the polar stationary phases EC‐Wax and PAG with a poly(ethylene oxide) backbone (substituted with propylene oxide in the case of PAG) and the cyanopropyl‐substituted polysilphenylene–siloxane stationary phase BPX90 at five equally spaced temperatures between 60 and 140°C. The separation characteristics of these stationary phases are compared to four PEG and two poly(cyanopropylsiloxane) stationary phases (HP‐20M, HP‐Innowax, SolGel‐Wax, DB‐WAXetr, HP‐88, and SP‐2340) characterized in the same way. The database of system constants for these polar stationary phases is used to provide insight into the separation mechanism for fatty acid methyl esters and to determine selectivity differences that can be expected for generically similar stationary phase types. The discussion is not structured to indicate which stationary phase should be used for a particular separation but to provide a general framework to demonstrate the relationship between the retention mechanism and stationary phase chemistry.
Bio‐diesel lubricity: correlation study with residual acidity
Authors: Sarin Rakesh , Arora Ajay K. , Ranjan Rajeev , Gupta Anurag A. , Malhotra Ravinder K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBio‐diesel has been accepted as a renewable liquid biofuel worldwide. In order to ensure customers' acceptance, standardisation and quality assurance are the key factors to the market introduction of bio‐diesel as a transport fuel. Lubricity of bio‐diesel is an important issue and it is well reported that 1–2% bio‐diesel is sufficient to maintain the lubricity of diesel even of very poor lubricity.However, a wide variation in lubricity performance of bio‐diesel from different vegetable oils and sources has been noticed. In addition, on critical examination, it was noticed that the variation in the lubricating performance of bio‐diesel could be better linked to its residual acidity than to variation in fatty acid composition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and some properties of weak solutions for a singular nonlinear parabolic equation
Authors: Qiang Liu , Zheng'an Yao , Wenshu Zhou 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the initial and boundary value problem for a singular nonlinear parabolic equation. The existence of solutions is established by parabolic regularization. Some properties of solutions, for instance localization and large time behaviour are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reporting practices of dropouts in psychological research using a wait‐list control: current state and suggestions for improvement
Authors: Cisler Josh M. , Barnes Aaron C. , Farnsworth Donald , Sifers Sarah K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReporting practices regarding dropouts in wait‐list control studies hold great importance for the ability to replicate, generalize, and draw conclusions from research. This concern is applicable to all psychological research utilizing wait‐list controls, regardless of purpose of research (e.g., treatment outcome). The current study assessed the present state of reporting practices in this type of experimental design and discussed the limitations and implications of the insufficient reporting found. 171 articles from psychology journals utilizing wait‐list control design were surveyed regarding the reporting of the number of dropouts from the wait‐list control and experimental conditions, characteristics and assessment scores of the dropouts, and total dropouts. Variables that are crucial to interpreting research findings are not consistently reported. Additionally, journal impact factor and year of publication were positively correlated with the adequacy of reporting. Consistencies with previous findings were noted, and suggestions for remedying the reporting inadequacies were discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relaxation by clustered ferritin: a model for ferritin‐induced relaxation in vivo
Authors: Gossuin Yves , Gillis Pierre , Muller Robert N. , Hocq Aline 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFerritin, the iron‐storing protein of mammals, is known to darken T2‐weighted MR images. This darkening could be used for the non‐invasive measurement of an organ's iron content. Unexplained discrepancies exist between T2 data obtained in ferritin‐containing tissues and aqueous solutions of ferritin. The clustering of the protein induced by trypsin is used to evaluate the effect of ferritin agglomeration on the relaxation rates. Although the longitudinal relaxation is not significantly influenced by clustering, T2 depends greatly on the stage of agglomeration: the transverse relaxation rate is higher for a clustered sample than for an unclustered sample. Moreover, the field and inter‐echo time dependences of the relaxation rate indicate that the relaxation mechanism may be different between small clusters – where a linear dependence of 1/T2 on B0 is observed – and large clusters – where a quadratic dependence is observed. These results help to explain the relaxation induced by ferritin in tissues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of complementary spatial modulation of magnetization tagging in the rat heart after manganese injection
Authors: Hyacinthe J.‐N. , Ivancevic M. K. , Daire J.‐L. , Vallée J.‐P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been shown that manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) can safely depict the myocardial area at risk in models of coronary occlusion–reperfusion for at least 2 h after reperfusion. To achieve this, a solution of MnCl2 is injected during coronary occlusion. In this model, the regional function quantification deficit of the stunning phase cannot be assessed before contrast injection using MR tagging. The relaxation effects of manganese (which remains in normal cardiac myocytes for several hours) may alter the tags by increasing tag fading and hence the quality of strain measurement. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of cardiac MR tagging after manganese injection in normal rats. Six normal Sprague–Dawley rats were imaged in vivo using complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (C‐SPAMM) at 1.5 T, before and 15 min after intraperitoneal injection of MnCl2 solution (∼17.5 µmol kg−1). The contrast‐to‐noise ratio of the tag pattern increased significantly (P < 0.001) after injection and remained comparable to the control scan in spite of the higher myocardial relaxation rate caused by the presence of manganese. The measurements of circumferential strain obtained from harmonic phase imaging analysis of the tagged images after MnCl2 injection did not differ significantly from the measurements before injection in the endocardial, mid‐wall, and epicardial regions. In particular, the transmural strain gradient was preserved. Thus, our study suggests that MR tagging could be used in combination with MEMRI to study the acute phase of coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relaxation WENO schemes for multidimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
Authors: Banda Mapundi , Seaïd Mohammed 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a class of high‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) reconstructions based on relaxation approximation of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. The main advantage of combining the WENO schemes with relaxation approximation is the fact that the presented schemes avoid solution of the Riemann problems due to the relaxation approach and high‐resolution is obtained by applying the WENO approach. The emphasis is on a fifth‐order scheme and its performance for solving a wide class of systems of conservation laws. To show the effectiveness of these methods, we present numerical results for different test problems on multidimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Implicit–explicit multistep characteristic finite element methods for nonlinear convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Long Xiaohan , Chen Chuanjun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImplicit–explicit multistep characteristic methods are given for convection‐dominated diffusion equations. Multistep difference along characteristics of the one‐order hyperbolic part of the equation is used for discretization in time, and finite element method is used to discrete the space variables. The resulting schemes are consistent, stable and very efficient. Optimal‐rate of convergence is proved. Also, a note is given for a paper published earlier© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
An Eulerian‐Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin method for transient advection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Wang Kaixin , Wang Hong , Al‐Lawatia Mohamed 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe develop an Eulerian‐Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin method for time‐dependent advection‐diffusion equations. The derived scheme has combined advantages of Eulerian‐Lagrangian methods and discontinuous Galerkin methods. The scheme does not contain any undetermined problem‐dependent parameter. An optimal‐order error estimate and superconvergence estimate is derived. Numerical experiments are presented, which verify the theoretical estimates.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Effect of numerical integration in the DGFEM for nonlinear convection‐diffusion problems
Authors: Sobotíková Veronika , Feistauer Miloslav 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the effect of numerical integration applied to the discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretization of nonlinear convection‐diffusion problems in 2D. In the space semidiscretization the volume and line integrals are evaluated by numerical quadratures. Our goal is to estimate the error caused by the numerical integration and to show what numerical quadratures guarantee that the accuracy of the method with exact integration is preserved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007